gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RECENT TECHNIQUES IN NASAL DRUG DELIVERY: A REVIEW (2010)

Nasal drug administration has been used as an alternative route for the systemic availability of drugs restricted to intravenous administration. This is due to the large surface area, porous endothelial membrane, high total blood flow, the avoidance of first-pass metabolism, and ready accessibility. The nasal administration of drugs, including numerous compound, peptide and protein drugs, for systemic medication has been widely investigated in recent years. Drugs are cleared rapidly from the nasal cavity after intranasal administration, resulting in rapid systemic drug absorption. Approaches are discussed here for increasing the residence time of drug formulations in the nasal cavity, resulting in improved nasal drug absorption. The article highlights the importance and advantages of the nasal drug delivery systems stressed upon bioadhesive properties. Bioadhesive, or more appropriately, mucoadhesive systems have been prepared for both oral and peroral administration in the past. The nasal mucosa presents an ideal site for bioadhesive drug delivery systems. In this review we discuss the effects of microspheres and other bioadhesive drug delivery systems on nasal drug absorption. Drug delivery systems, such as microspheres, liposomes and gels have been demonstrated to have good bioadhesive characteristics which swell easily when in contact with the nasal mucosa. These drug delivery systems have the ability to control the rate of drug clearance from the nasal cavity as well as protect the drug from enzymatic degradation in nasal secretions.
Concrete Masonry Unit Walls Retrofitted with Elastomeric Systems for Blast Loads (2004)

Concrete masonry units (CMU), commonly referred to as concrete blocks, are the most common construction material utilized throughout the United States and the world for exterior walls of conventional structures. While masonry provides adequate strength for conventional design loads, it does not meet the minimum design standards mandated for blast protection of new and renovated government facilities. One of the most dangerous aspects of blast response is debris hazard, defined as high-velocity fragments originating from walls, windows, light fixtures, equipment, and furniture. Retrofits for conventional structures have evolved over the years from blast hardening through the addition of mass using concrete or steel, to the application of lighter, more resilient and ductile materials. Research at ERDC has focused on the use of elastomeric materials to mitigate debris hazards resulting from blast events. A series of sub-scale and full-scale experiments was conducted by ERDC to investigate the potential benefit of elastomeric retrofit systems when applied to hollow, unreinforced, CMU walls subjected to an explosive event. This study discusses both the 1/4-scale static and dynamic experiments and the full-scale dynamic CMU wall experiments conducted over the past few years. The CMU wall response to static loading was characterized by resistance functions, and normalized pressure and impulse diagrams were used to characterize the dynamic loading.
On a Class of Multistage Interconnection Networks (1980)

A baseline network and a configuration concept are introduced to evaluate relationships among some proposed multistage interconnection networks. It is proven that the data manipulator (modified version), flip network, omega network, indirect binary n-cube network, and regular SW banyan network (S = F = 2) are topologically equivalent. The configuration concept facilitates developing a homogeneous routing algorithm which allows one-to-one and one- to-many connections from an arbitrary side of a network to the other side. This routing algorithm is extended to full communication which allows connections between terminals on the same side of a network. A conflict resolution scheme is also included. Some practical implications of our results are presented for further research.
Fast Architectures for the \eta_T Pairing over Small-Characteristic Supersingular Elliptic Curves (2010)

This paper is devoted to the design of fast parallel accelerators for the cryptographic \eta_T pairing on supersingular elliptic curves over finite fields of characteristics two and three. We propose here a novel hardware implementation of Miller's algorithm based on a parallel pipelined Karatsuba multiplier. After a short description of the strategies that we considered to design our multiplier, we point out the intrinsic parallelism of Miller's loop and outline the architecture of coprocessors for the \eta_T pairing over {\bf F}_{2^m} and {\bf F}_{3^m}. Thanks to a careful choice of algorithms for the tower field arithmetic associated with the \eta_T pairing, we manage to keep the pipelined multiplier at the heart of each coprocessor busy. A final exponentiation is still required to obtain a unique value, which is desirable in most cryptographic protocols. We supplement our pairing accelerators with a coprocessor responsible for this task. An improved exponentiation algorithm allows us to save hardware resources. According to our place-and-route results on Xilinx FPGAs, our designs improve both the computation time and the area–time trade-off compared to previously published coprocessors.
Towards Improved Myoelectric Prosthesis Control: High Density Surface EMG Recording After Targeted Muscle Reinnervation (2005)

The control of shoulder disarticulation prostheses remains a challenging problem. Recently, a novel method, using targeted muscle reinnervation to develop additional myoelectric control sites, has improved the control of myoelectric upper limb prosthesis in a patient with bilateral amputations at the shoulder disarticulation level [1]. Encouraged by this achievement, we recorded high density surface electromyogram (EMG) signals from the patient's reinnervated muscles as he actuated a variety of different movements. We believe that the reinnervated muscle activation patterns revealed by the high density EMG recording have the potential to further improve the myoelectric prosthesis control. As the initial stage of the study, this paper presents the experiment of high density surface EMG recording, the preliminary EMG data analysis and the framework for future investigation with advanced feature extraction and pattern recognition techniques.
Synthesis of <i>Z</i>-(Pinacolato)allylboron and <i>Z</i>-(Pinacolato)alkenylboron Compounds through Stereoselective Catalytic Cross-Metathesis (2013)

The first examples of catalytic cross-metathesis (CM) reactions that furnish Z-(pinacolato)allylboron and Z-(pinacolato)alkenylboron compounds are disclosed. Products are generated with high Z selectivity by the use of a W-based monoaryloxide pyrrolide (MAP) complex (up to 91% yield and >98:2 Z:E). The more sterically demanding Z-alkenylboron species are obtained in the presence of Mo-based MAP complexes in up to 93% yield and 97% Z selectivity. Z-selective CM with 1,3-dienes and aryl olefins are reported for the first time. The utility of the approach, in combination with catalytic cross coupling, is demonstrated by a concise and stereoselective synthesis of anticancer agent combretastatin A-4.
15세기와 16세기의 비례 기호 이론에 관한 논의 (2010)

The system of proportional notation was widely used in the fifteenth and sixteenth century by composers such as Obrecht, Ockeghem, Josquin, and Isaac. Although this system was frequently discussed by many theorists in that time, it was and has remained one of the most problematic aspects of Renaissance music among theorists and practical musicians. The earliest work to treat of proportions is a treatise from the mid-fourteenth century, the Libellus cantus mensurabilis secundum Johannes de Muris. Without using the term proportio itself, this treatise gives a description of proportional diminution in chapter 9, under the title De diminutione mottetorum, in which de Muris discusses the diminution of note values in the ratio 2:1 and 3:1. In the two centuries that followed, many theorists, such as Prosdocimus de Beldemandis, Ugolino of Orvieto, Guilielmus Monachus, Johannes Tinctoris, BartolomE Ramos, Franchinus Gaffurius, Giovanni Spataro, Andreas Ornithoparchus discussed the system of proportional signs.
Oblique Field Magnetic Flux Leakage Survey Complements Axial Field Data (2011)

Abstract Pipeline operators worldwide have implemented integrity management programs in an effort to improve operation and maintenance efficiency along with continued safe operation of their systems. Several types of monitoring and data collection activities are incorporated into these programs, with inline inspection tools providing data for detection and quantification of features that may impact the integrity of the pipeline system. Magnetic flux leakage tools are among the most widely used in pipeline systems, typically providing information for metal loss features. The tool configurations being offered have been expanded in recent years to allow multiple data sets to be collected concurrently. Magnetic flux leakage tools incorporate fields that are axially aligned with the pipe for detection of general corrosion type features. For extremely narrow metal loss or certain classes of seam weld features, tools with fields that are circumferentially aligned or transverse to the pipe axis are used. Presently, multiple independent inline surveys are required to adequately address each of these feature classes. Providing the ability to collect both of these data sets in a single survey would allow operators to minimize the number of surveys required to address metal loss features that may be present within pipeline systems. In addition to fewer surveys being required, the concurrent acquisition of multiple data sets will minimize the time required to perform comparisons of the data sets from each of the surveys. This paper will discuss the results obtained from test data when the magnetic fields are applied at an oblique angle to the main axis of elongated metal loss features. Several classes of features have been chosen for evaluation, including extremely narrow axially oriented features
Water soluble hyperbranched polymers from controlled radical homopolymerization of PEG diacrylate (2015)

Hyperbranched PEG-based polymers were synthesized through homopolymerization of PEG diacrylate <italic>via</italic> enhanced intermolecular branching and showed a concentration-dependent thermoresponsive property.
Audio-Enhanced Panoramic Image Capturing and Rendering on Mobile Devices (2005)

This paper presents the key techniques of a panoramic image application suite fully implemented on a camera-enhanced mobile phone. The way of capturing panoramic images has been optimized with regards to usability though taking into account the generally lower system performance available on a mobile device. Furthermore, we introduced a new method to capture audio being associated with the captured scene. This enables to auto-scroll the panoramic image synchronized to the audio playback, resulting in a video-like user experience.
Mutation of the POU-Specific Domain of Pit-1 and Hypopituitarism Without Pituitary Hypoplasia (1992)

A point mutation in the POU-specific portion of the human gene that encodes the tissue-specific POU-domain transcription factor, Pit-1, results in hypopituitarism, with deficiencies of growth hormone, prolactin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone. In two unrelated Dutch families, a mutation in Pit-1 that altered an alanine in the first putative alpha helix of the POU-specific domain to proline was observed. This mutation generated a protein capable of binding to DNA response elements but unable to effectively activate its known target genes, growth hormone and prolactin. The phenotype of the affected individuals suggests that the mutant Pit-1 protein is competent to initiate other programs of gene activation required for normal proliferation of somatotrope, lactotrope, and thyrotrope cell types. Thus, a mutation in the POU-specific domain of Pit-1 has a selective effect on a subset of Pit-1 target genes.
Isolation and Characterization of Five Neutral Isoenzymes of Horseradish Peroxidase1 (1982)

Five components of neutral horseradish peroxidase were isolated and purified by means of column chromatography, and designated B1, B2, B3, C1, and C2, respectively. All the components contained 2 atoms of calcium and 16.8-to-21.0% as much carbohydrate as in the enzyme molecule. They were very similar to one another with respect to physicochemical and chemical properties such as molecular weight, molar absorption coefficient, rate constants of the catalytic reaction and dissociation of cyanide compound, but were dissimilar with respect to isoelectric point. Values of the isoelectric points determined from column isoelectric focusing at 20 degrees C were 5.75 (B1), 7.15 (B2), 7.10 (B3), 9.40 (C1), and 9.63 (C2). However, these values varied significantly depending upon the method and conditions of the focusing. The acid-alkaline titration curves of components B2 and C1 were flat in the pH region of 6 to 9. The facts suggest that a slight difference in the number of ionized groups of the components causes a large difference in the isoelectric points.
Cluster-Head Election Using Fuzzy Logic for Wireless Sensor Networks (2005)

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) present a new generation of real-time embedded systems with limited computation, energy and memory resources that are being used in a wide variety of applications where traditional networking infrastructure is practically infeasible. Appropriate cluster-head node election can drastically reduce the energy consumption and enhance the lifetime of the network. In this paper, a fuzzy logic approach to cluster-head election is proposed based on three descriptors-energy, concentration and centrality. Simulation shows that depending upon network configuration, a substantial increase in network lifetime can be accomplished as compared to probabilistically selecting the nodes as cluster-heads using only local information.
A Histologic Analysis and Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of the Muscle of Riolan (2002)

The three muscle subdivisions are therefore physically joined together and appear to act as a single functional entity that should be collectively referred to as the muscle of Riolan.
PEG−Lipids and Oligo(ethylene glycol) Surfactants Enhance the Ultrasonic Permeabilizability of Liposomes (2003)

Liposomes with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) headgroups are currently of great interest for drug delivery applications. We have explored the susceptibility of liposomes containing PEG−lipids to permeabilization by ultrasound at 20 kHz. Neither PEG-containing liposomes nor control liposomes composed of phosphatidylcholine (with or without cholesterol) showed responsiveness to very low levels of ultrasound. However, above a threshold intensity of about 2 W/cm2, PEG-containing liposomes showed up to a 10-fold enhancement in permeabilization (as measured by release of a self-quenching fluorescent dye), compared to the controls. Studies with two Triton and two Tween detergents showed that these surfactants are also able to dramatically increase susceptibility to insonation, at concentrations that caused no observable increase in permeability in the absence of ultrasound. Among homologous molecules (e.g. PEG350−phosphatidylethanolamine vs PEG2000−phosphatidylethanolamine), the smaller molecule was usually more effective, regardless of whether the headgroup or tail was varied. Measurements of liposome size (using quasielastic light scattering) and fluorescence requenching measurements were used to gain information about the mechanism of permeabilization. The measurements suggest that permeabilization arises from catastrophic rupture in the sound field; the poly- and oligo(ethyleneoxide) additives appear to facilitate liposome breakup. The great enhancement of ultrasound-mediated release in these liposomes may prove useful for targeted delivery applications.
A Cluster of Vancomycin-Resistant <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> in an Intensive Care Unit (1992)

The results suggest that prior administration of vancomycin, especially in the patient who develops nosocomial infection, can influence the acquisition of vancomycin-resistant enterococci and that VAREC may be transmitted from patient to patient. Using a modification of the standard infection control practice of isolation, we were able to control the spread of this resistant strain of E faecium.
Scaling Laws of the Ripple Morphology on Cu(110) (1998)

The evolution of the Cu(110) surface morphology during low temperature (180 K) ion sputtering was studied as a function of the incident ion beam angle $\ensuremath{\theta}$ by means of scanning tunneling microscopy. The morphology was dominated by a ripple structure with the wave vector parallel or perpendicular to the direction of the incident beam. The time evolution of the interface shows that the ripple wavelength increases in time following a scaling law $\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\propto}{t}^{z}$, with $z\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0.26\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02$. These results are ascribed to the effect of a Schwoebel barrier on the interlayer diffusion of the recoiling atoms produced during ion sputtering.
The Characteristics of Electromagnetically Coupled Two Layered Dielectric Loaded Patch Antenna (2013)

In this paper, characteristics of electromagnetically coupled (EM) dielectric loaded rectangular patch have been analyzed using HFSS. The proposed antenna structure has been studied with single and double dielectric loadings, basically to provide necessary protection to patch antenna from environ mental hazards. The projection area of two layered patch antenna is kept same as single layered patch antenna. The effect on performance characteristics such as resonant frequency, gain, directiv ity, efficiency of rectangular patch antenna with varying permittiv ity of dielectric material has been studied. The proposed structure is fed with coaxial probe feed which leads to good impedance matching and its operating frequency is 6 GHz.
Copolymers of vinyl chloride and some vinyl esters of acids derived from pinene (1960)

Abstract Homopolymers of terpene‐derived vinyl monomers and copolymers of these with vinyl chloride incorporating varying amounts of the terpene‐derived monomers have been described. Copolymers incorporating 24–26% of terpene‐derived monomer were screened as rigid plastics. None of these comonomers resulted in an internally plasticized film when incorporated in the copolymer. A homopolymer‐copolymer blend exhibited limited compatibility. The use of an external plasticizer with these copolymer compositions appears to have merit.
Nanoscale Forces and Their Uses in Self‐Assembly (2009)

The ability to assemble nanoscopic components into larger structures and materials depends crucially on the ability to understand in quantitative detail and subsequently "engineer" the interparticle interactions. This Review provides a critical examination of the various interparticle forces (van der Waals, electrostatic, magnetic, molecular, and entropic) that can be used in nanoscale self-assembly. For each type of interaction, the magnitude and the length scale are discussed, as well as the scaling with particle size and interparticle distance. In all cases, the discussion emphasizes characteristics unique to the nanoscale. These theoretical considerations are accompanied by examples of recent experimental systems, in which specific interaction types were used to drive nanoscopic self-assembly. Overall, this Review aims to provide a comprehensive yet easily accessible resource of nanoscale-specific interparticle forces that can be implemented in models or simulations of self-assembly processes at this scale.
Aspectos jurídico-procesales de la acción directa en el seguro de responsabilidad civil (2018)

Se abordan determinadas cuestiones juridico-procesales en torno a la accion directa que puede ejercitar el perjudicado contra la entidad aseguradora, especialmente, aquellas que han necesitado de una mayor concrecion doctrinal y judicial. Partiendo del analisis de la naturaleza del vinculo que en los Seguros de Responsabilidad Civil tiene el asegurador con el perjudicado, se tratan diferentes aspectos como la competencia jurisdiccional en caso de ejercicio exclusivo de la accion contra el asegurador de un Ente Publico, el problema de las excepciones oponibles por el asegurador, los plazos de prescripcion de la accion, asi como la situacion actual en los supuestos en los que la entidad aseguradora otorga cobertura a una eventual responsabilidad civil profesional.
Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Principles and Practice (2004)

1. Foreword 2. Preface 3. Training in Peripheral Nerve Blocks 4. Essential Regional Anesthesia Anatomy 5. Equipment and Patient Monitoring in Regional Anesthesia 6. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation and Nerve Stimulation 7. Clinical Pharmacology of Local Anesthetics 8. Neurological Complications of Peripheral Nerve Blocks 9. Keys to Success with Peripheral Nerve Blocks 10. Cervical Plexus Blocks 11. Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block 12. Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block 13. Axillary Brachial Plexus Block 14. Wrist Block 15. Digital block 16. Intravenous Regional Block of the Upper Extremity 17. Cutaneous Nerve Block of the Upper Extremity 18. Thoracic Paravertebral Block 19. Thoraco-lumbar Paravertebral Block 20. Lumbar Plexus Block 21. Sciatic Nerve -- Posterior Approach 22. Sciatic Nerve -- Anterior Approach 23. Femoral Nerve Block 24. Popliteal Block: Intertendinuous Approach 25. Popliteal Block: Lateral Approach 26. Ankle Block 27. Cutaneous Nerve Block of the Lower Extremity
Multiparametric evaluation (SAMBA) of growth fraction (monoclonal Ki67) in breast carcinoma tissue sections. (1988)

Breast tissue samples, including normal breast, nonmalignant disorders, and breast carcinomas (n = 257), were tested with monoclonal antibody Ki67 to define the growth fraction in each tissue subgroup. Immunocytochemical assays using anti-Ki67 and avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex and/or alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase were applied in frozen sections. The immunoreactions were analyzed with a computerized system of image analysis referred to as SAMBA (Systeme d'Analyse Microphotometrique à Balayage Automatique). This system permitted a multiparametric and automatized analysis of colored images. The results obtained were: (a) the SAMBA analysis of Ki67-positive staining was accurate, reliable, and reproducible; (b) the anti-Ki67 immunostaining was significantly (P less than 0.01) increased in malignancies and was related to the tumors' degree of differentiation, the vascular invasion, and the presence of axillary lymph node metastases; (c) anti-Ki67 immunostaining is increased (P less than 0.01) in tumors in which estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor antigenic sites are not detected. It is concluded that the SAMBA analysis of the anti-Ki67 immunocytochemical assay provides relevant information in selecting subgroups of patients with higher risk for relapse.