gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three‐dimensional nanofibrillar surfaces covalently modified with tenascin‐C‐derived peptides enhance neuronal growth <i>in vitro</i> (2005)

Current methods to promote growth of cultured neurons use two-dimensional (2D) glass or polystyrene surfaces coated with a charged molecule (e.g. poly-L-lysine (PLL)) or an isolated extracellular matrix (ECM) protein (e.g. laminin-1). However, these 2D surfaces represent a poor topological approximation of the three-dimensional (3D) architecture of the assembled ECM that regulates neuronal growth in vivo. Here we report on the development of a new 3D synthetic nanofibrillar surface for the culture of neurons. This nanofibrillar surface is composed of polyamide nanofibers whose organization mimics the porosity and geometry of the ECM. Neuronal adhesion and neurite outgrowth from cerebellar granule, cerebral cortical, hippocampal, motor, and dorsal root ganglion neurons were similar on nanofibers and PLL-coated glass coverslips; however, neurite generation was increased. Moreover, covalent modification of the nanofibers with neuroactive peptides derived from human tenascin-C significantly enhanced the ability of the nanofibers to facilitate neuronal attachment, neurite generation, and neurite extension in vitro. Hence the 3D nanofibrillar surface provides a physically and chemically stabile cell culture surface for neurons and, potentially, an exciting new opportunity for the development of peptide-modified matrices for use in strategies designed to encourage axonal regrowth following central nervous system injury.
Adjacent Lane Detection and Lateral Vehicle Distance Measurement Using Vision-Based Neuro-Fuzzy Approaches (2013)

The aim of this article attempts to propose an advanced design of driver assistance system which can provide thedriver advisable information about the adjacent lanes and approaching lateral vehicles. The experimental vehiclehas a camera mounted at the left side rear view mirror which captures the images of adjacent lane. The detectionof lane lines is implemented with methods based on image processing techniques. The candidates for lateralvehicle are explored with lane-based transformation, and each one is verified with the characteristics of its length,width, time duration, and height. Finally, the distances of lateral vehicles are estimated with the well-trainedrecurrent functional neuro-fuzzy network. The system is tested with nine video sequences captured when thevehicle is driving on Taiwan’s highway, and the experimental results show it works well for different road conditionsand for multiple vehicles.
DNA damage-induced phosphatase Wip1 in regulation of hematopoiesis, immune system and inflammation (2017)

PP2C serine-threonine phosphatase, Wip1, is an important regulator of stress response. Wip1 controls a number of critical cellular functions: proliferation, cell cycle arrest, senescence and programmed cell death, apoptosis or autophagy. <i>Ppm1d</i>, the gene encoding Wip1 phosphatase, is expressed in hematopoietic progenitors, stem cells, neutrophils, macrophages B and T lymphocytes in bone marrow and peripheral blood. The Wip1-/- mice display immunodeficiency, abnormal lymphoid histopathology in thymus and spleen, defects in B- and T-cell differentiation, as well as susceptibility to viral infection. At the same time, Wip1 knockout mice exhibit pro-inflammatory phenotype in skin and intestine in the model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with elevated levels of inflammation-promoting cytokines TNF-<i>α</i>, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17. Several Wip1 downstream targets can mediate Wip1 effects on hematopoietic system including, p53, ATM, p38MAPK kinase, NF<i>k</i>B, mTOR. Here, we summarized the current knowledge on the role of Wip1 in the differentiation of various hematopoietic lineages and how Wip1 deficiency affects the functions of immune cells.
TBL1XR1/TP63: a novel recurrent gene fusion in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (2012)

Recently, the landscape of single base mutations in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was described. Here we report the discovery of a gene fusion between TBL1XR1 and TP63, the only recurrent somatic novel gene fusion identified in our analysis of transcriptome data from 96 DLBCL cases. Based on this cohort and a further 157 DLBCL cases analyzed by FISH, the incidence in de novo germinal center B cell-like (GCB) DLBCL is 5% (6 of 115). The fusion appears exclusive to GCB and was not seen in 138 non-GCB cases examined (P = .008, Fisher exact test) but was present at low incidence in follicular lymphoma (1 of 81). In all 7 cases identified, the 3' end of the fusion consists of exons 4 and onwards of TP63. The recurrence, subtype enrichment, and the remarkably conserved nature of the TP63 portion of the fusion suggest an important functional role in the lymphomas that harbor this event.
Intensity variation of photoluminescence in In<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>As/GaAs multi-quantum-well structures (1994)

We studied the influence of the sample structure on the photoluminescence intensity in terms of carrier diffusion and transfer phenomena in InxGa1−xAs/GaAs multi-quantum-well structures. Carrier injection from the barrier, cap, or buffer layers dominates the generation in the well when the well thicknesses are small and the excitation energy is larger than the band gap of the barrier layer. The carrier transport between wells also plays an important role in the photoluminescence particularly in the shallow wells and can be accounted for by phenomenologically introduced hopping time between wells. The hopping time varies from a few tens of picoseconds to a few hundreds of nanoseconds depending on the well composition and width. The strain relaxation of these strained layer quantum-well structures also leads to the intensity variation as well as the change in the peak position.
300-GHz InAlN/GaN HEMTs With InGaN Back Barrier (2011)

This letter reports lattice-matched In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.17</sub> Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.83</sub> N/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors on a SiC substrate with a record current gain cutoff frequency (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> ) of 300 GHz. To suppress the short-channel effects (SCEs), an In0.15Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.85</sub> N back barrier is applied in an InAlN/GaN heterostructure for the first time. The GaN channel thickness is also scaled to 26 nm, which allows a good immunity to SCEs for gate lengths down to 70 nm even with a relatively thick top barrier (9.4-10.4 nm). In a 30-nm-gate-length device with an on-resistance (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> ) of 1.2 Ω · mm and an extrinsic transconductance (g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m.ext</sub> ) of 530 mS/mm, a peak fa of 300 GHz is achieved. An electron velocity of 1.37-1.45 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> cm/s is extracted by two different delay analysis methods.
Terminal Minihelix, a Novel RNA Motif That Directs Polymerase III Transcripts to the Cell Cytoplasm (2001)

Determining the cis-acting elements controlling nuclear export of RNA is critical, because they specify which RNA will be selected for transport. We have characterized the nuclear export motif of the adenoviral VA1 RNA, a small cytoplasmic RNA transcribed by RNA polymerase III. Using a large panel of VA1 mutants in both transfected COS cells and injected Xenopus oocytes, we showed that the terminal stem of VA1 is necessary and sufficient for its export. Surprisingly, we found that the nucleotide sequence within the terminal stem is not important. Rather, the salient features of this motif are its length and its relative position within the RNA. Such stems thus define a novel and degenerate cytoplasmic localization motif that we termed the minihelix. This motif is found in a variety of polymerase III transcripts, and cross-competition analysis in Xenopus oocytes revealed that export of one such RNA, like hY1 RNA, is specifically competed by VA1 or artificial minihelix. Taken together these results show that the minihelix defines a new cis-acting export element and that this motif could be exported via a novel and specific nuclear export pathway.
Glucose Regulates Monocyte Adhesion Through Endothelial Production of Interleukin-8 (2003)

We have shown that glucose increases monocyte adhesion to human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) in vitro.1 In the present study, we examined mechanisms by which glucose stimulates monocyte:endothelial interactions. HAECs cultured for 7 days in 25 mmol/L glucose had a 2-fold elevation in interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion over control cells cultured in 5.5 mmol/L glucose (P<0.001). Use of a neutralizing antibody to IL-8 prevented glucose-mediated monocyte adhesion. Both glucose and IL-8 activated beta1 integrin on the HAEC surface, suggesting that both activate the alpha5beta1 integrin complex on the endothelial surface. The alpha5beta1 integrin complex is important for anchoring connecting segment-1 fibronectin on the HAEC surface for monocyte adhesion. Analysis of the human IL-8 promoter revealed binding sites for NF-kappaB and AP-1 as well as several aligned carbohydrate response elements (also known as E-boxes). Glucose dramatically stimulated IL-8 promoter activity. Using mutated IL-8 promoter constructs and EMSA, we found that the AP-1 element and the glucose-response element were responsible for much of the glucose-mediated activation of IL-8 transcription. Interestingly, inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through use of pharmacological uncouplers of the mitochondrial electron transport chain significantly reduced glucose-mediated induction of IL-8 expression. These data indicate that glucose regulates monocyte:endothelial interactions through stimulation of IL-8 and ROS production and activation of the alpha5beta1 integrin complex on HAECs.
Serum‐Induced vascular smooth muscle cell elastolytic activity through tyrosine kinase intracellular signalling (1994)

In previous studies, we related increased elastolytic activity in pulmonary arteries (PA) with endothelial injury to the later development of PA hypertension in rats. As the mechanism causing the increased PA elastase was unknown, we hypothesized that serum factors which are accessible to vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) following endothelial injury stimulate their elastolytic activity. To test this, we developed an in vitro assay in which we added [3H]-elastin to cultured vascular SMC after 24 h serum starvation and monitored elastolysis following a further 24 h incubation with fetal bovine serum (FBS). We observed that serum induced increased elastolytic activity in both PA and aorta-derived SMC but not in endothelial cells or SMC with low basal levels of elastolytic activity. Maximum stimulation of SMC elastolytic activity occurred with a concentration as low as 1% FBS and despite elastase inhibitors in serum, suggesting that the activity is confined to the immediate pericellular region where enzyme concentration is high. Serum-stimulated elastolytic activity was not reproduced by growth factors or cytokines known to be associated with vascular disease or to induce release of elastases in other cells. The serum inducing elastolytic activity was heat and acid labile. It was associated with increased elastin adhesion to the 67 kD elastin binding protein on SMC surfaces and was prevented by tyrosine kinase inhibitors but not protein kinase C or A inhibitors. Our studies therefore suggest a mechanism whereby serum induction of SMC elastase requires signalling through the elastin binding protein and activation of tyrosine kinase.
Development of Allosteric Hydrazide-Containing Class I Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors for Use in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2016)

One of the biggest hurdles yet to be overcome for the continued improvement of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors is finding alternative motifs equipotent to the classic and ubiquitously used hydroxamic acid. The N-hydroxyl group of this motif is highly subject to sulfation/glucoronidation-based inactivation in humans; compounds containing this motif require much higher dosing in clinic to achieve therapeutic concentrations. With the goal of developing a second generation of HDAC inhibitors lacking this hydroxamate, we designed a series of potent and selective class I HDAC inhibitors using a hydrazide motif. These inhibitors are impervious to glucuronidation and demonstrate allosteric inhibition. In vitro and ex vivo characterization of our lead analogues' efficacy, selectivity, and toxicity profiles demonstrate that they possess low nanomolar activity against models of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and are at least 100-fold more selective for AML than solid immortalized cells such as HEK293 or human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Prospects for fusion power (1973)

The quest for fusion power began some forty years ago, with the discovery of nuclear fusion reactions, followed by the theory of thermonuclear processes, which successfully explained the source of the energy of the Sun and stars. But then, apart from the musings of a perceptive few, nearly twenty years passed before heightened interest in nuclear energy sources stimulated a serious attack on the problem. By this time both the potentialities of fusion and the growing need for energy from other than fossil-fuel sources had become apparent. Here I shall try to evaluate the present state of research on controlled thermonuclear reactions in the context of the urgent need for developing new, environmentally acceptable, energy sources.
Managing server load in global memory systems (1997)

New high-speed switched networks have reduced the latency of network page transfers significantly below that of local disk. This trend has led to the development of systems that use network-wide memory, or global memory, as a cache for virtual memory pages or file blocks. A crucial issue in the implementation of these global memory systems is the selection of the target nodes to receive replaced pages. Current systems use various forms of an approximate global LRU algorithm for making these selections. However, using age information alone can lead to suboptimal performance in two ways. First, workload characteristics can lead to uneven distributions of old pages across servers, causing increased contention delays. Second, the global memory traffic imposed on a node can degrade the performance of local jobs on that node.This paper studies the potential benefit and the potential harm of using load information, in addition to age information, in global memory replacement policies. Using an analytic queueing network model, we show the extent to which server load can degrade remote memory latency and how load balancing solves this problem. Load balancing requests can cause the system to deviate from the global LRU replacement policy, however. Using trace-driven simulation, we study the impact on application performance of deviating from the LRU replacement policy. We find that deviating from strict LRU, even significantly for some applications, does not affect application performance. Based upon these results, we conclude that global memory systems can gain substantial benefit from load balancing requests with little harm from suboptimal replacement decisions. Finally, we illustrate the use of the intuition gained from the model and simulation experiments by proposing a new family of algorithms that incorporate load considerations as well as age information in global memory replacement decisions.
The C++ Programming Language, 4th Edition (2013)

From the Publisher:
This is a complete rewrite of the most widely read and most trusted book on C++. Based on the ANSI/ISO C++ final draft, this book covers the C++ language, its standard library, and key design techniques as an integrated whole. The C++ Programming Language provides comprehensive coverage of C++ language features and standard library components. With this third edition, Stroustrup makes C++ even more accessible to those new to the language while adding information and techniques that even expert C++ programmers will find invaluable.
Is There Still a Role for Peripheral Parenteral Nutrition? (2009)

Peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) is often viewed as the stepchild of parenteral nutrition (PN) infused via a central venous catheter. Anecdotal reports suggest that there has been increased interest in PPN in the United States and even more so in Europe because of improvements in catheter design and infusion technology, both of which have the potential to decrease complications such as infusion phlebitis. PPN, like PN via a central venous catheter, contains dextrose, amino acids, electrolytes, vitamins, and minerals, but in more limited capacity. One of the perceived benefits of PPN is the relative ease in establishing peripheral access, which may prevent delays in establishing nutrition support. PPN is intended for short-term use or supplementation. In most instances, it is used to maintain a previously well-nourished, nonhypermetabolic patient or to serve as a bridge to centrally administered infusions or enteral feedings until more suitable nutrition can be provided. In some cases, inappropriate use may result in infusion phlebitis or inadequate nutrient intake. Conflicting recommendations from various organizations further complicate and confuse prescribers. The intent of this review is to discuss PPN and the challenges its use presents to the practitioner.
Four New Triterpenoids from <i>Maytenus </i><i>i</i><i>licifolia</i> (2004)

Four new triterpenoids with various skeletons, maytefolins A-C (1-3) and uvaol-3-caffeate (4), were isolated from the leaves of a Brazilian medicinal plant, Maytenus ilicifolia, together with five known triterpenoids. Of these triterpenoids only erythrodiol exhibited significant cytotoxicity against KB/S, KB/VJ300, and KU 19-20 cells.
Chromosome abnormalities in bilateral breast carcinomas. Cytogenetic evaluation of the clonal origin of multiple primary tumors (1995)

Bilateral breast carcinomas have the same cytogenetic aberrations, including evidence of polyclonality, as unilateral carcinomas. The majority apparently arise independently, but some result from a metastasis from one breast to the other. In this sense, bilateral breast carcinomas are similar to multifocal breast cancer in general, of which bilateral tumors may represent a special case.
Kaposi's sarcoma of internal organs. A multiparameter study of 86 cases (1995)

The present study of KS of internal organs revealed that poor grades of histologic and immunophenotypic differentiation correlated with invasion and dissemination, which are fundamental characteristics of malignant tumors.
Performance of HARQ with Reduced Size Retransmissions Using Network Coding Principles (2013)

This paper discusses retransmission approaches to improve the throughput performance of Hybrid-ARQ (HARQ) schemes in a point-to-point single user 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) uplink system. One goal of communication systems is to achieve a reliable transmission with a throughput performance as close as possible to channel capacity. For that, reducing the channel utilization will improve the throughput performance. Instead of sending two retransmission packets for two HARQ processes of one users, a previously published HARQ scheme uses the XOR combining of these packets to get only one retransmission packet with the same size. Similar to this idea, a new varied scheme performs XOR combining of parts of one conventional full retransmission to generate a smaller retransmission packet. Both approaches will reduce the channel utilization. They will be compared with a HARQ system in LTE uplink using a full size retransmission and a half size retransmission. The main focus of this work is the throughput performance evaluation of these schemes in an LTE link-level simulator.
Schemes for parallel quantum computation without local control of qubits (2000)

Typical quantum computing schemes require transformations (gates) to be targeted at specific elements (qubits). In many physical systems, direct targeting is difficult to achieve; an alternative is to encode local gates into globally applied transformations. Here we demonstrate the minimum physical requirements for such an approach: a one-dimensional array composed of two alternating ``types'' of two-state system. Each system need be sensitive only to the net state of its nearest neighbors, i.e. the number in state $``\ensuremath{\uparrow}''$ minus the number in $``\ensuremath{\downarrow}.''$ Additionally, we show that all such arrays can perform quite general parallel operations. A broad range of physical systems and interactions is suitable: we highlight two examples.
Laser-induced vapour nanobubbles improve drug diffusion and efficiency in bacterial biofilms (2018)

Hindered penetration of antibiotics through biofilms is one of the reasons for the alarming increase in bacterial tolerance to antibiotics. Here, we investigate the potential of laser-induced vapour nanobubbles (VNBs) formed around plasmonic nanoparticles to locally disturb biofilm integrity and improve antibiotics diffusion. Our results show that biofilms of both Gram-negative (Burkholderia multivorans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria can be loaded with cationic 70-nm gold nanoparticles and that subsequent laser illumination results in VNB formation inside the biofilms. In all types of biofilms tested, VNB formation leads to substantial local biofilm disruption, increasing tobramycin efficacy up to 1-3 orders of magnitude depending on the organism and treatment conditions. Altogether, our results support the potential of laser-induced VNBs as a new approach to disrupt biofilms of a broad range of organisms, resulting in improved antibiotic diffusion and more effective biofilm eradication.
QR Based De-Noising Scheme for Medical Ultrasound Images (2017)

A novel scheme based on QR decomposition is proposed in this paper to remove multiplicative noise, speckle noise, from medical ultrasound images. A speckle noisy image is segmented into small overlapping blocks. A global covariance matrix for the whole image is obtained by calculating the average of covariances of the corresponding blocks. QR decomposition is then applied to the global covariance matrix. Based on the principle of orthogonality of signal and noise, it is found that the first subset of orthogonal vectors of the Q matrix resulted from the QR decomposition is sufficient to construct a projection matrix capable of filtering out speckle noise. When it is applied to simulated and real medical ultrasound images, and with reasonable performance in terms of resolution and edge detection, the proposed approach has outperformed benchmark filtering schemes such as Wavelets, Wiener and Lee. It has secured the highest Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR).