gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vorticity control for efficient propulsion (1996)

Vorticity control is a new parad igm in propulsion hydrodynamics. In this t hesis, we study fishlike propu lsion strategies as concepts in vorticity control. Our motivation for this research stems from the remarkable capabilities of fish to propel and maneuver in ways presumably optimized by evolution. First, we experimentally meas ured the flow around a live, naturally s wimm ing fish. We then examined the propulsive properties of a rigid fo il wh ich harmonically oscillates in a fish-like manner. Finall y, we explored the interaction of a foil with oncoming vorticity to identify the processes by which vorticity can be manipulated. T hroughout this thesis, digital particle image velocimetry (DP IV) is used to make quantitative m ul t ipoint measurements of the unsteady flow fields. Fish are the prime example of vorticity control: they propel and maneuver by manipulating vorticity formed alo ng their body which interacts with the tail. Although fish swimming has been studied for several decades, little is known about the details of the flow near the body and its relationship to the propulsive wake. Using DPIV, we measured the flow around a small fish while swimming straight and while turning. In the horizontal plane, the propulsive wave along the body has a dominant influence on t he lateral and stream wise velocity components of t he fl ow. Bound vorticity is shed a nd then favorably affected by the ta il m otion to produce a th rust wake in the form of a reverse Ka rma n street. Flow out of t he horizontal pl a ne was significa nt only d uring aggressive motions such as maneuvering. For straight s teady swimming, the flow in the horizontal middle plane closely resembles two-dimensional swimming p late theory.
Silicon microsystems for neuroscience and neural prostheses (2005)

Silicon-based microsystems are being developed to interface with the central nervous system (CNS) at the cellular level. Dense three-dimensional (3-D) microelectrode arrays with as many as several hundred sites permit acute and semichronic single-unit recording and stimulation, while on-chip circuitry for site selection, amplification, and multiplexing reduces noise and limits the number of output leads to manageable levels. Hybrid implant-mounted circuitry can be used to separate single units from baseline noise and provide simultaneous wireless access to more than a hundred information channels. This article focuses on the technology for electronically interfacing with the CNS at the cellular level. Devices based on silicon-on-insulator technology and silicon array structures not based as directly on the planar processes of ICs are given notice. Tissue interface and cabling problems still exist for long-term applications but the basic technology platform is robust and should allow engineering solutions to be developed over time. Present technology is consistent with real breakthroughs in our understanding of the brain at the circuit/system level during the coming decade though detailed mapping that has been impossible in the past. Such mapping could also serve as a basis for prosthetic devices for treating some of mankind's most debilitating disorders.
HOCl-dependent singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical generation modulate and induce apoptosis of malignant cells. (2013)

The lack of extracellular superoxide anion production by non-transformed cells prevents H2O2/peroxidase-mediated HOCl synthesis by these cells, as well as apoptosis induction by exogenous HOCl. In contrast, transformed cells generate extracellular superoxide anions and HOCl, and die by apoptosis after HOCl/superoxide-dependent hydroxyl radical generation at their membrane. Tumor cells prevent HOCl synthesis through expression of membrane-associated catalase, but their extracellular superoxide anions readily react with exogenous HOCl. The interaction between HOCl and H2O2 causes singlet oxygen generation that inactivates superoxide dismutase (SOD) on the surface of the tumor cells and thus enhances HOCl-mediated apoptosis through an increase in free superoxide anions. Higher concentrations of singlet oxygen inactivate membrane-associated catalase and thus lead to partial inhibition of apoptosis induction by exogenous HOCl, due to consumption of HOCl by H2O2. The data presented here show a complex, but coherent picture of interactions between defined reactive oxygen species and protective enzymes on the surface of tumor cells.
Sliding-block coding for input-restricted channels (1988)

Work on coding arbitrary sequences into a constrained system of sequences (called a sofic system) is presented. Such systems model the input constraints for input-restricted channels (e.g., run-length limits and spectral constraints for the magnetic recording channel). In this context it is important that the code be noncatastrophic to ensure that the decoder has limited error propagation. A constructive proof is given of the existence of finite-state invertible noncatastrophic codes from arbitrary n-ary sequences to a sofic system S at constant rate p:q provided only that Shannon's condition (p/q)<or=(h/log n) is satisfied, where h is the entropy of the system S. If strict inequality holds or if equality holds and S satisfies a natural condition called 'almost of finite type' (which includes the systems used in practice), a stronger result is obtained, namely, the decoders can be made 'state-independent' sliding-block. This generalizes previous results. An example is also given to show that the stronger result does not hold for general sofic systems.<<ETX>>
New Paenibacillus strain produces a family of linear and cyclic antimicrobial lipopeptides: cyclization is not essential for their antimicrobial activity (2017)

A new bacterial isolate, Paenibacillus sp. OSY-N, showed potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Antimicrobials produced by this strain were purified by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Structural analysis, using mass spectrometry, of a single active HPLC fraction revealed two known cyclic lipopeptides (BMY-28160 and permetin A), a new cyclic lipopeptide, and the linear counterparts of these cyclic compounds. The latter were designated as paenipeptins A, B and C, respectively. The paenipeptins have not been reported before as naturally occurring products. Paenipeptins B and C differ at the acyl side chain; paenipeptin C contains a C8-, instead of C7-fatty acyl side chain. To demonstrate unequivocally the antimicrobial activity of the linear forms of this family of cyclic lipopeptides, analogs of the paenipeptins were synthesized chemically and their antimicrobial activity was tested individually. The synthetic linear lipopeptide with an octanoic acid side chain (designated as paenipeptin C΄) showed potent antimicrobial activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.5-4.0 μg/mL for Gram-negative and 0.5-32 μg/mL for Gram-positive bacteria. Findings demonstrated that peptide cyclization in this lipopeptide family is not essential for their antimicrobial activity. Most importantly, linear lipopeptides are more accessible than their cyclic counterparts through chemical synthesis.
Age hardening behavior of Al-Li-(Cu)-(Mg)-Zr P/M alloys (1983)

Nine Al-Li alloy extrusions were produced from rapid solidification rate (RSR) powders. The integrity of these extrusions was evaluated by various property tests, which included hardness, conductivity, and tensile. Hardness and conductivity responses as a function of aging time were studied initially to provide baseline results. The solution heat treatment temperatures were selected for these alloys based on metallographic observations in conjunction with hardness data. Preliminary smooth and notched tensile tests were conducted on promising heat treatment conditions as a means of assessing satisfactory combinations of strength and ductility with respect to target properties. Moderate to high levels of strength were obtained for all extrusion products, but ductility values remained below target objectives. The use of cold work with under-aged heat treatment tempers offers considerable potential for improving the tensile property combinations available with powder metallurgy (P/M) Al-Li alloys. An explanation of the poor tensile ductilites was described in terms of precipitate phases and morphological features present in the alloy microstructure. Measurements of modulus and density indicated that these Al-Li alloys were representative of a 25 pct. improvement in specific modulus. Future research efforts will be concentrated on the use of alternative strengthening phases or solid solution contributions based onmore » Cu and Mg alloying additions.« less
Degree of CD25 Expression in T-Cell Lymphoma Is Dependent on Tissue Site (2004)

We demonstrate in vivo that decreased levels of CD25 expression occur in TCL when it involves lymph node, similar to what is seen with CLA. This demonstrable variation related to anatomical localization has implications for the measurement of surface expression of CD25 and for understanding the response of patients with cutaneous TCL to interleukin 2 receptor-targeted immunotherapy.
Scaled P300 Scalp Distribution Correlates of Verbal Deception in an Autobiographical Oddball Paradigm: Control for Task Demand (2003)

Abstract Subjects participated in two trial blocks of an autobiographical oddball paradigm. In the first block, 14% of the stimuli were the subject's phone number, 86% were other, meaningless numbers. Subjects responded yes or no, verbally and truthfully. In the second block, stimuli were dates, and the oddball was the subject's birthdate. Subjects again responded verbally, but dishonestly on about 50% of the trials and truthfully on the other 50%. Reaction times differed between the first and the second blocks, but not between the honest and dishonest trials of the second block. P300 amplitude was reduced in dishonest trials of the second block. Honest trials of both blocks had similar P300 amplitudes. Scaled scalp distributions were the same for honest trials of both blocks, but differed between honest and dishonest trials of the second block. There were no latency effects. The results are discussed from the viewpoint that task demand effects do not mediate the P300 differences between honest and dishonest responses.
A Synthetic Coiled-Coil Interactome Provides Heterospecific Modules for Molecular Engineering (2010)

The versatile coiled-coil protein motif is widely used to induce and control macromolecular interactions in biology and materials science. Yet the types of interaction patterns that can be constructed using known coiled coils are limited. Here we greatly expand the coiled-coil toolkit by measuring the complete pairwise interactions of 48 synthetic coiled coils and 7 human bZIP coiled coils using peptide microarrays. The resulting 55-member protein "interactome" includes 27 pairs of interacting peptides that preferentially heteroassociate. The 27 pairs can be used in combinations to assemble sets of 3 to 6 proteins that compose networks of varying topologies. Of special interest are heterospecific peptide pairs that participate in mutually orthogonal interactions. Such pairs provide the opportunity to dimerize two separate molecular systems without undesired crosstalk. Solution and structural characterization of two such sets of orthogonal heterodimers provide details of their interaction geometries. The orthogonal pair, along with the many other network motifs discovered in our screen, provide new capabilities for synthetic biology and other applications.
Theoretical and Experimental Study of the Electronic Structures of MoO<sub>3</sub>and MoO<sub>2</sub> (2010)

The geometric and electronic structures of MoO3 and MoO2 have been calculated using the generalized gradient approximation to density functional theory. The calculated cross-section weighted densities of states are compared with high-resolution X-ray photoemission spectra. There is very good agreement between the calculated structures and those determined previously by X-ray diffraction and between the computed densities of states and the present photoemission measurements. MoO2 is shown to be a metallic material, as is found experimentally, but the Fermi level sits in a distinct trough in the density of states. Satellite peaks found in core photoemission spectra of MoO2 are shown to derive from final state screening effects in this narrow band metallic material.
Single-Stage Double-Buck Topologies with High Power Factor (2011)

This paper presents two topologies for single-stage single-phase double-buck type PFC converters, designed to operate at high power factor, near sinusoidal input currents and adjustable output voltage. Unlike the known buck type PFC topologies, in which the output voltage is always lower than the maximum input voltage, the proposed converters can operate at output voltages higher than the ac input peak voltage. A reduced number of switches on the main path of the current are another characteristic of the two proposed topologies. To shape the input line currents, a fast and robust controller based on a sliding mode approach is proposed. This active non-linear control strategy, applied to these converters allows high quality input currents. A Proportional Integral (PI) controller is adopted to regulate the output voltage of the converters. This external voltage controller modulates the amplitude of the sinusoidal input current references. The performances of the presented rectifiers are verified with experimental results.
Child Welfare in the United States: Policy, Practice and Innovations in Service Delivery (1999)

Child welfare in the United States is characterized by numerous and complex problems. By reviewing child welfare policy and trends in the United States, this article aims to stimulate discussion about innovative approaches that could allow child welfare professionals, both in the US and internationally, to better meet the needs of children and families.
Kinetics of the incorporation of dietary N-3 fatty acids into cholesteryl esters, erythrocyte membranes and fat tissue - an 18- month controlled trial in man (1997)

Tissue levels of 11-3 Fatty acids reflect dietar) intake, but quantitative data ahout rate of incorporation and levels as a function of intake are scarce.We fed 58 men 0, 3, 6, or 9 g / d of fish oil for 12 months arid monitored fatty acids i l l serum cholesteryl esters, erythrocytes, and siibciitaneoiis Fat during and after supplementation.Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in cholesteryl esters plateaued after 4-8 weeks; the incorporation half-life was 4.8 days.Steady-state levels increased by 3.9 i 0.3 mass % points (i SE) for each extra gram of EPA eaten per day.Incorporation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was erratic; plateau valiies were 1.1 i 0.1 mass 'ib higher for evety g / d ingested.Incorporation of EPA into erythrocyte membranes showed a half-life of28 days; a steady state was reached after 180 days.Each g/d increased levels by 2.1 i 0.1 inass %.C22:5n-3 levels increased niarkedly.(:hanges in DHA were erratic and smaller.EPA levels in adipose tissue rose also; the change after 6 months was 67% of that after 12 months in gluteal and 75% in abdominal Lit.After 12 months each grarn per day caused an 0.11 +-0.01 mass % rise in gluteal fat for EPA, 0.53 2 0.07 for C22:5n-3, and 0.14 2 0.03 for DH.4.uThus, different (11-3) fatty acids were incorporated with different efficiencies, possihly because of interconversions or different affinities of the eniymatic pathways involved.EPA levels in cholesteryl esters reflect intake over the past week or two, erythrocytes over the past month or two, and adipose tissue over ;I period of years.These findings may help in assessing the intake of (n-3) fatty acids in epidemiological studies.-
Cutaneous blood flow and its relationship to transcutaneous O2/CO2 measurements (1981)

From the Cardio-Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA.
Development of a Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Differentiation of Bovine Herpesvirus-1 and -5 (2001)

Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) and bovine herpesvirus-5 (BHV-5) are closely related viruses which exhibit some important differences at the genetic and immunogenic levels which may explain the differences in their pathogenicity and epidemiological characteristics. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (M-PCR) was developed to detect and differentiate between BHV-1 and BHV-5. In this M-PCR two pairs of primers (TK1, TK2 and GD1, GD2) were used in the same reaction mix to amplify a thymidine kinase genomic region (183 bp) of BHV-1 and one genomic region of the gLycoprotein D (564 bp) of BHV-5. The specificity of the M-PCR was demonstrated when using both primers pairs simultaneously with BHV-1 and BHV-5 templates. The two expected bands were amplified without the apparition of non-specific products. However, when other herpesvirus strains were used, there was no amplification. To evaluate the sensitivity of the assay, dilutions of purified viral DNA were made for M-PCR amplification. The detection limit was 7 pg for BHV-1 and 22 pg for BHV-5. It was also determined by comparing the M-PCR with viral isolation. M-PCR was able to detect one log10 more than viral isolation for BHV-1 and for BHV-5 was two logarithms lower. The applicability of M-PCR was demonstrated on different specimens. Twenty isolates from field samples (11 BHV-1 and nine BHV-5) were positive by M-PCR, and the results were completely coincident with previous characterization using the immunoperoxidase assay. M-PCR could detect viral DNA in organ samples from natural infections, such as semen and brain. In addition, M-PCR detected more positive samples than observation of the citophatic effect in cell culture of nasal swabs from experimentally infected animals in two different assays. Owing to the difference in size of the M-PCR products which allows easy identification in an electrophoretic run, it is not necessary to use extra blotting and hybridization steps or a second round of amplification to differentiate clearly between BHV-1 and BHV-5.
Sex Pheromones of Lepidoptera. XXXVIII. Electroantennogram Responses in Autographa californica1 to cis-7-Dodecenyl Acetate and Related Compounds2 (1973)

Shorey et al. (1965) presented behavioral and chemical evidence that the female sex pheromones of 2 noctuid moth species, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), the cabbage looper, and Autographa californica (Speyer), the alfalfa looper, are similar, if not identical. Berger (1966) later identified the sex pheromone of T. ni as cis-7-dodecenyl acetate. In field tests, cis-7-dodecenyl acetate attracts significant numbers of A. californica males. However, the optimum evaporation rate of this chemical for capturing male moths in traps is much lower for A. californica than for T. ni (Kaae et al. 1973).
Healthy Subjects Differentially Respond to Dietary Capsaicin Correlating with Specific Gut Enterotypes (2016)

Our study showed that gut enterotypes may influence the beneficial effects of dietary CAP, providing new evidence for the personalized nutrition guidance of CAP intervention on health promotion linking with gut microbiota patterns.
Characteristics and signatures of dipole vortices in ferroelectric nanodots: First-principles-based simulations and analytical expressions (2007)

Characteristics and signatures of dipole vortex in ferroelectric nanodots are determined via the use of first-principles-based simulations and by analytical developments. For instance, the dependency of such vortex on size, shape, material, and temperature is provided. Moreover, peculiar features associated with such vortex, such as unique behaviors of the inhomogeneous and homogeneous strains and of the induced electric fields, are revealed. Finally, energetics of interacting vortices is also discussed.
Dopamine D1 stimulation of Na+,K+,Cl- cotransport in human NPE cells: effects of multiple hormones. (1998)

Dopamine stimulates Na+,K+,Cl- cotransport in NPE through dopamine-D1-type receptors and activation of protein kinase A. Beta-adrenergic receptors do not appear to play a role. Inhibition of Na+,K+,Cl- cotransport by protein kinase C is dominant over stimulation of Na+,K+,Cl- cotransport through the cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathway.
New classification of ophthalmic viscosurgical devices—2005 (2005)

The surgical behavior of OVDs can be predicted by their position in a classification of OVDs based upon zero-shear viscosity and cohesion.
The Learning Methodology (2000)

The construction of machines capable of learning from experience has for a long time been the object of both philosophical and technical debate. The technical aspect of the debate has received an enormous impetus from the advent of electronic computers. They have demonstrated that machines can display a significant level of learning ability, though the boundaries of this ability are far from being clearly defined.The availability of reliable learning systems is of strategic importance, as there are many tasks that cannot be solved by classical programming techniques, since no mathematical model of the problem is available. So for example it is not known how to write a computer program to perform hand-written character recognition, though there are plenty of examples available. It is therefore natural to ask if a computer could be trained to recognise the letter 'A' from examples – after all this is the way humans learn to read. We will refer to this approach to problem solving as the learning methodologyThe same reasoning applies to the problem of finding genes in a DNA sequence, filtering email, detecting or recognising objects in machine vision, and so on. Solving each of these problems has the potential to revolutionise some aspect of our life, and for each of them machine learning algorithms could provide the key to its solution.In this chapter we will introduce the important components of the learning methodology, give an overview of the different kinds of learning and discuss why this approach has such a strategic importance. After the framework of the learning methodology has been introduced, the chapter ends with a roadmap for the rest of the book, anticipating the key themes, and indicating why Support Vector Machines meet many of the challenges confronting machine learning systems. As this roadmap will descibe the role of the different chapters, we urge our readers to refer to it before delving further into the book.
A Simple Ultrawideband Planar Rectangular Printed Antenna With Band Dispensation (2009)

A compact planar ultrawideband (UWB) antenna with band notched characteristics is presented. Modification in the shape of radiation element and ground plane with two symmetrical bevel slots on the lower edge of the radiation element and on the upper edge of the ground plane makes the antenna different from the rectangular printed monopole. These slots improve the input impedance bandwidth and the high frequency radiation characteristics. With this design, the reflection coefficient is lower than 10 dB in the 3.1-10.6 GHz frequency range and radiation pattern is similar to dipole antenna. With the inclusion of an additional small radiation patch, a frequency-notched antenna is also designed and good out of band performance from 5.0-6.0 GHz can be achieved. Measured results confirm that the antenna is suitable for UWB applications due to its compact size and high performance. Also an approximate empirical expression to calculate the lowest resonant frequency is proposed.