gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glutathione reductase: solvent equilibrium and kinetic isotope effects (1988)

Glutathione reductase catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG). The kinetic mechanism is ping-pong, and we have investigated the rate-limiting nature of proton-transfer steps in the reactions catalyzed by the spinach, yeast, and human erythrocyte glutathione reductases using a combination of alternate substrate and solvent kinetic isotope effects. With NADPH or GSSG as the variable substrate, at a fixed, saturating concentration of the other substrate, solvent kinetic isotope effects were observed on V but not V/K. Plots of Vm vs mole fraction of D2O (proton inventories) were linear in both cases for the yeast, spinach, and human erythrocyte enzymes. When solvent kinetic isotope effect studies were performed with DTNB instead of GSSG as an alternate substrate, a solvent kinetic isotope effect of 1.0 was observed. Solvent kinetic isotope effect measurements were also performed on the asymmetric disulfides GSSNB and GSSNP by using human erythrocyte glutathione reductase. The Km values for GSSNB and GSSNP were 70 microM and 13 microM, respectively, and V values were 62 and 57% of the one calculated for GSSG, respectively. Both of these substrates yield solvent kinetic isotope effects greater than 1.0 on both V and V/K and linear proton inventories, indicating that a single proton-transfer step is still rate limiting. These data are discussed in relationship to the chemical mechanism of GSSG reduction and the identity of the proton-transfer step whose rate is sensitive to solvent isotopic composition. Finally, the solvent equilibrium isotope effect measured with yeast glutathione reductase is 4.98, which allows us to calculate a fractionation factor for the thiol moiety of GSH of 0.456.
Online Library Card Registration Enables Free Passage to Digital Gems. (2007)

Having to register for new library cards in person is a barrier for people who can't get to their local branches during open hours. Now that people can do so many things online when it's convenient for them, why not let them register for library cards this way? Now it's possible, even when you need to authenticate the patron's address. The Contra Costa County crew set up this functionality with a vendor, and now they enjoy smooth sailing.
Large-scale Network Discovery: Design Tradeoffs in Wireless Sensor Systems (2001)

We are investigating design tradeoffs relating to the structure of the network formed in large-scale selforganizing wireless sensor systems. In such systems, most traffic is in the form of many-to-one data flows, between all the networked sensors and a central monitoring node. We refer to the process of establishing a multi-hop routing path from every sensor node in the system to the monitoring node as Network Discovery. Flooding, which is conventionally used for disseminating information, can also be used for network discovery. The central monitoring node initiates the flooding by forwarding a message to all its neighbors, each successive node forwarding it once. As the flooding proceeds, nodes keep track of who they received messages from. If a given node receives multiple copies of the flooding message from different neighboring senders, it may use a parent-selection mechanism to choose one of these as its parent. The nodes then send information to their parent, along along the reverse direction of the original flooding message, when they need to forward any data back to the monitoring node. The network topology that is thus discovered is a spanning tree. It is of interest to know whether the discovered routing tree is bushy, with a few large clusters, or sparse, with many smaller clusters. Three factors affecting the structure of the discovered routing tree are the flooding mechanism, the transmission power, and the parent selection algorithm. The bushiness of the discovered tree structure will have direct implications in terms of application data aggregation, energy utilization, system throughput and robustness. We would like to address a number of related questions in our investigations. What are the tradeoffs among these implications? Increasing the radio transmission power decreases the degree of spatial reuse in the network, but results in a bushier tree structure where greater application data aggregation can occur. How does this change the overall system throughput? Bushy trees also result in highly non-uniform energy utilization as opposed to sparse trees; but do they utilize less energy overall? How robust are bushy trees to different kinds of node failures? Finally, how can the use of different parent selection mechanisms help in controlling the bushiness of the discovered tree? Our initial results in this study are obtained from a combination of theoretical models and empirical data from prototype wireless sensor networks consisting of over 150 nodes. These results suggest that when the transmission radius of nodes is large, and basic flooding with a simple parent-selection mechanism is used, the topology of the discovered routing tree is in fact bushy and follows a power law distribution. Most nodes are leaf nodes, and a small-yet-significant number of the nodes are cluster-heads with a large number of children. This happens because , in a given area, the first node which wins the medium-access contention and broadcasts the flood message first becomes the parent of all new receivers. This “winner gets all” scenario is
Synthetic approaches to the molybdenum sulfide materials (2007)

Synthetic aspects of the molybdenum sulfide-based materials were reviewed, with emphasis on the catalytic materials. A number of preparation methods were critically compared in this review, including molecular precursor decomposition, hydrothermal, soft chemistry aqueous, surfactant-aided, intercalation–exfoliation, and solid–gas reactions. In particular, the relationship between the preparation techniques and the properties of the materials obtained was analyzed. Preparation of bulk Co–Mo–S and Ni–Mo–S mixed sulfides based on the MoS 2 structure and eminently important for catalysis was also considered.
Fibroblasts Play a Regulatory Role in the Control of Pigmentation in Reconstructed Human Skin from Skin Types I and II (2002)

Human melanocytes in monolayer culture are extremely dependent on a wide range of soluble signals for their proliferation and melanogenesis. The advent of three-dimensional models of reconstructed skin allows one to ask questions of how these cells are regulated within a setting which more closely approximates normal skin. The purpose of this study was to investigate to what extent melanocytes within a reconstructed skin model are sensitive to regulation by dermal fibroblasts, basement membrane (BM) proteins and the addition of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH). Sterilized acellular de-epidermized dermis (prepared to retain BM proteins or deliberately denuded of BM by enzymatic treatment) from skin type I or II was reconstituted with fibroblasts, melanocytes and keratinocytes. In all but one case (9/10), cell donors were skin type I or II. The presence of BM antigens was found to be necessary for positional orientation of the melanocytes; in the absence of BM, melanocytes moved into the upper keratinocyte layer pigmenting spontaneously. Addition of fibroblasts suppressed the extent of spontaneous pigmentation of melanocytes within this model. Neither alpha-MSH nor cholera toxin induced pigmentation in this model despite the fact that melanocytes clearly had the ability to synthesize pigment.
Cell‐mediated immune responses to <i>Malassezia furfur</i> serovars A, B and C in patients with pityriasis versicolor, seborrheic dermatitis and controls (1994)

It has been postulated that patients with Malassezia furfur-associated dermatoses have a deficient cell-mediated immune response to M. furfur. This study examined the cell-mediated immune responses to M. furfur serovars A, B and C of 10 patients with pityriasis versicolor and 10 age- and sex-matched controls; and 10 patients with seborrheic dermatitis and 10 age- and sex-matched controls. The responses to each serovar of M. furfur were assessed using the lymphocyte transformation assay and the leukocyte migration inhibition assay. The lymphocyte transformation responses of the patients with pityriasis versicolor to M. furfur serovars A, B and C (0/10, 6/10 and 5/10 respectively) were not significantly different from those of controls (0/10, 2/10 and 1/10). However, for patients with seborrheic dermatitis, significantly more patients' lymphocytes responded to serovars B and C (6/10 and 6/10 respectively) than those of controls (1/10 and 1/10). No patient or control responded to serovar A. In the leukocyte migration inhibition assay, the leukocytes from a greater proportion of patients with pityriasis versicolor (5/7) responded to serovar B than controls (2/10); and the leukocytes from a greater proportion of patients with seborrheic dermatitis (4/10) responded to serovar C than controls (0/9). Thus, this data did not indicate the presence of any cell-mediated immune deficiency to M. furfur in patients with pityriasis versicolor or seborrheic dermatitis, as measured by the lymphocyte transformation assay or the leukocyte migration inhibition assay. The greater responsiveness of T lymphocytes from patients may indicate that T lymphocytes might be involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases.
Association of IP-10 gene polymorphism with susceptibility to Enterovirus 71 infection (2013)

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) often causes large outbreaks of diseases among children worldwide and its pathogenesis remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) polymorphism in children with EV71 infection. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were performed to analyze the gene polymorphisms of IP-10 (-1596C/T) in 58 EV71-infected and 48 control patients. The results showed that in EV71-infected patients the frequency of carrying CT + TT genotype and T allele is 10.3 and 6.0%, respectively, which is significantly lower than that of the controls (29.2 and 15.6%, respectively). Individuals with T allele had a lower risk of EV71 infection [odds ratio (OR) = 0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.13-0.89]. The results of this study indicated that -1596T allele for the IP-10 gene may be a beneficial factor for EV71 infection.
Thin type DC/DC converter using a coreless wire transformer (2002)

A 10 W class thin type DC/DC power converter is developed which uses a new type of coreless wire transformer. The power converter is intended for portable equipment use. The coupling factor of the wire transformer is more than 95% at frequencies higher than 100 kHz. When applied in a 3 output DC/DC power converter, the power converter is only 5.5 mm thick and has 70% efficiency.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Factors in myocardial “Perfusion” imaging with ultrafast MRI and Gd‐DTPA administration (1991)

Abstract Ultrafast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and first pass observation of an interstitial contrast agent are currently being used to study myocardial perfusion. Image intensity, however, is a function of several Parameters, inculding the delivery of the contrast agent to the intersitium (coronary flow rate and diffusion into the intersitium) and the relaxation properties of the tissue (contrast agent concentration, proton exchange rates, and relative intra‐and extracellular volume fractions). In this study, image intensity during gadopen tetate dimeglumine (Gd‐DTPA) adminstration with T 1 weighted ultrafast MR imaging was assessed in an isolated heart preparation. With increasing Gd‐DTPA concentration the steady‐state myocardial image intensity increased but the time to reach steady state remained unchanged, resulting in an increased slope of image intensity change. A range of physiologic perfusion pressures (and resulting coronary flow rates) had insignificant effects on Gd‐DTPA in wash in or steady‐state image intensity, suggesting that diffusion of Gd‐DTPA into the interstitium is the rate limiting step in image intensity change with this preparation. Following global ischemia and reperfusion, transmural differences in the slope of image intensity change were apparent. However, the altered steady state image intensity (due to postichemic edema) makes interpretation of this finding difficult. The studies described here demonstrte that although Gd‐DTPA administration combined with ultrafast imaging may be a sensitive indicator of perfusion abnormalities factors other than perfusion will affect image intensity. Extensive studies will be required before image intensity with this protocol is fully understood. © 1991 Academic Press, Inc.
Lensless latching-type fiber switches using silicon micromachined actuators (2002)

Thermally driven latching-type moving-fiber switches without lenses are presented. Silicon micromachined 1/spl times/2, 1/spl times/4 and arrays of 1/spl times/2 switches with high reliability show insertion losses below 1 dB and below /spl sim/60 dB crosstalk.
Abstract 3874: Single-agent Chk1 inhibition is anti-proliferative in leukemia cells <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> (2010)

Abstract Chk1 is a serine/threonine kinase that plays important roles in the cellular response to genotoxic stress. For this reason, there is a great deal of interest in using inhibitors of Chk1 to potentiate the effects of DNA-damaging chemotherapeutics. In addition, multiple studies have demonstrated that Chk1 activity is essential during an unperturbed cell cycle to ensure proper DNA replication and maintain genomic integrity. Therefore, it is plausible that a Chk1 inhibitor could also be efficacious as a single-agent therapeutic for human cancer. Here we show that treatment with Chk1-A, a potent and selective inhibitor of Chk1, alone is anti-proliferative against a wide array of cancer cell lines with varying degrees of potency. We sought to understand the mechanisms by which Chk1 inhibition derives the observed anti-proliferative effect. Employing the human leukemia cell line HEL92.1.7, a line particularly sensitive to Chk1 inhibition in terms of proliferation, we characterized the biochemical and functional effects of Chk1-A treatment. We observed concentration-dependent increases in phosphorylation of H2A. X, Chk1, and Chk2, which are markers of DNA damage and cell-cycle checkpoint activation. These biochemical events correlated with S-phase accumulation and eventual apoptosis. In vivo, we found that HEL92.1.7 tumor xenografts were sensitive to oral administration of Chk1-A at a dose that was well tolerated. Together, these studies suggest that inhibition of Chk1 results in DNA damage that induces apoptosis and that use of a Chk1 inhibitor as a single-agent could be an effective strategy to treat certain types of human cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3874.
Differential radioprotection of three mouse strains by basic or acidic fibroblast growth factor. (1996)

Recently we found that human recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) radioprotected C3H/HeNCr mice after whole body irradiation (WBI). The purpose of the present study was to compare the in vivo radioprotective effects of human recombinant acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF1) or FGF2 in three strains of mice (C3H/HeNCr, BALB/CAn, C57BL/6). In vivo administration of 6 micrograms/mouse of FGF1 or FGF2 pre- or post- WBI significantly protected only C3H and BALB/C mice. Dose modification factor was: C3H(FGF1/2) 1.09 +/- 0.02/1.14 +/- 0.04; BALB/C(FGF1/2) 1.13 +/- 0.02/1.15 +/- 0.01. Response was minimal or absent in C57 mice (FGF2 1.02 +/- 0.02). Increasing the FGF dose above 12 micrograms/mouse did not increase radioprotection in any strain. In single radiation dose studies, FGF2 was more potent than FGF1 in C3H mice; FGF1 and FGF2 were equipotent in BALB/C mice; and both had minimal effect in C57 mice. Significant radioprotection occurred in only two of the three strains of mice studied. We therefore suggest caution in applying mouse radioprotection data to other species.
KAF156 Is an Antimalarial Clinical Candidate with Potential for Use in Prophylaxis, Treatment, and Prevention of Disease Transmission (2014)

Renewed global efforts toward malaria eradication have highlighted the need for novel antimalarial agents with activity against multiple stages of the parasite life cycle. We have previously reported the discovery of a novel class of antimalarial compounds in the imidazolopiperazine series that have activity in the prevention and treatment of blood stage infection in a mouse model of malaria. Consistent with the previously reported activity profile of this series, the clinical candidate KAF156 shows blood schizonticidal activity with 50% inhibitory concentrations of 6 to 17.4 nM against P. falciparum drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains, as well as potent therapeutic activity in a mouse models of malaria with 50, 90, and 99% effective doses of 0.6, 0.9, and 1.4 mg/kg, respectively. When administered prophylactically in a sporozoite challenge mouse model, KAF156 is completely protective as a single oral dose of 10 mg/kg. Finally, KAF156 displays potent Plasmodium transmission blocking activities both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our data suggest that KAF156, currently under evaluation in clinical trials, has the potential to treat, prevent, and block the transmission of malaria.
Learning, Cognitive, and Attentional Problems in Adolescents Born Small for Gestational Age (2003)

SGA status seems to have only modest independent effects on learning, cognition, and attention in adolescence. Severity but not symmetry of growth restriction predicted learning difficulties.
Synergy of artificial neural networks and knowledge-based expert systems for intelligent FMS scheduling (1990)

A hybrid architecture that integrates artificial neural networks and knowledge-based expert systems to generate solutions for the real-time scheduling of flexible manufacturing systems is described. The artificial neural networks perform pattern recognition and, due to their inherent characteristics, support the implementation of automated knowledge acquisition and refinement schemes through a feedback mechanism. The artificial neural network structures enable the system to recognize patterns in the tasks to be solved in order to select the best scheduling rule according to different demands. The knowledge-based expert systems are the higher-order elements which drive the inference strategy and interpret the constraints and restrictions imposed by the upper levels of the flexible manufacturing system control hierarchy. The level of self-organization achieved provides a system with a higher probability of success than traditional approaches
Nanomedicine: destination or journey? (2002)

Nanomedicine in a broad sense is the application of nano-scale technologies to the practice of medicine. The creation of nanodevices such as nanobots capable of performing therapeutic functions in vivo is a destination within the emerging field of nanomedicine. On the journey to that destination, significant technological advances across multiple scientific disciplines continue to be proposed, validated and commercialized. Advances in delivering therapy, miniaturization of analytical tools, improved computational and memory capabilities and developments in remote communications will be integrated allowing for the development of such nanobots. Nanomedicine is both a destination and a journey. The journey will cross new frontiers, uncover new knowledge and bring new horizons to the understanding and practice of medicine.
Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor (2013)

suPAR is associated with increased occurrence of carotid plaque and increased incidence of ischemic stroke and CAD. Presence of both elevated levels of suPAR and carotid plaque increases the risk of ischemic stroke in an additive way.
Anterior pituitary dopamine receptors. Demonstration of interconvertible high and low affinity states of the D-2 dopamine receptor. (1982)

The interactions of dopaminergic agonists and antagonists with binding sites in bovine anterior pituitary membranes have been investigated with radioligand-binding techniques and computer-modeling procedures. 3H-labeled agonist binding is stereospecific, reversible, saturable, and of high affinity. The rank order of catecholamines, phenothiazines, and related drugs in competing for 3H-agonist binding is indicative of interactions with a D-2 dopamine receptor. Both agonist/3H-agonist and antagonist/3H-agonist competition curves are monophasic and noncooperative (nH = 1) with computer analysis indicating a single class of binding sites. Specific 3H-agonist binding can be completely inhibited by guanine nucleotides. GppNHp us the most potent nucleotide followed by GTP and GDP which are equipotent. The equilibrium binding capacity for 3H-labeled antagonists is twice that for 3H-agonists. Unlabeled antagonists inhibit 3H-antagonist binding competitively and exhibit antagonist/3H-antagonist competition curves which model best to a state of homogeneous affinity. In contrast, unlabeled agonists inhibit 3H-antagonist binding in a heterogeneous fashion displaying multiphasic (nH less than 1) competition curves which can be resolved into high and low affinity binding sites. In the presence of saturating concentrations of guanine nucleotides, however, the agonist/3H-antagonist curves model best to a single affinity state which is identical with the low affinity state seen in control curves. The binding data can be explained by postulating two states of the D-2 dopamine receptor, inducible by agonists but not antagonists and modulated by guanine nucleotides.
Improved Collaborative Filtering Recommendation Algorithm Based on Weighted Association Rules (2013)

In this paper the collaborative filtering recommendation and association rules are introduced firstly. Aiming at the shortcomings of basic collaborative filtering recommendation, this paper proposes an improved collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm based on weighted association rules (CFRA-WAR). Finally the simulation experiments are carried out to verify the validity of the improved recommendation algorithm. The results of simulation experiments show that the recommendation accuracy of CFRA-WAR is superior to basic collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm, although the algorithm time of CFRA-WAR is a little longer.
Binding Sites for Hsp70 Molecular Chaperones in Natural Proteins (1995)

Hsp70 molecular chaperones perform numerous functions in cells, including stabilizing newly synthesized or unfolding polypeptides, facilitating translocation of nascent chains across membranes, mediating assembly or disassembly of multimeric protein complexes, and targeting proteins for degradation within lysosomes (for review, see Gething and Sambrook 1992; McKay 1993; Becker and Craig 1994). These functions require that chaperone proteins recognize and bind to a wide variety of target proteins that share no obvious sequence similarity, and that they are able to distinguish native from unfolded proteins.