gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effective management of resource allocation and provisioning cost using virtualization in cloud (2014)

Virtualization is the concept of providing efficient solution to the cloud computing paradigm by facilitating creation of Virtual Machines (VMs) over the underlying physical servers, leading to improved resource utilization and abstraction. The proposed method presents a automatic resource management system that makes use of virtualization technology to allocate resources based on application demand for a large scale cloud environment. Additionally Robust Cloud Resource Provisioning (RCRP) algorithm is used in order to achieve the best advance reservation of resources in order to reduce the cost. Maintenance of physical servers can be efficiently achieved through the proposed system as it leads to efficient consolidation of VMs. To analyze the behavior of a Cloud data centers the factors such as elasticity, scalability, live migration of VMs and performance isolation are analyzed by the cloud provider. Experimental results show that the proposed system provides less performance degradation that occurs due to VM migrations. Also the algorithm reduces the SLA violation compared to other techniques.
Reactions of Phthalaldehydic Acid (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Phthalaldehydic AcidD. D. WHEELER, D. C. YOUNG, and D. S. ERLEYCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1957, 22, 5, 547–556Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1957https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01356a022RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views555Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (850 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
N protein is the predominant antigen recognized by vesicular stomatitis virus-specific cytotoxic T cells (1986)

The specificity of anti-vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-specific cytotoxic T cells was explored with cell lines expressing VSV genes introduced by electroporation. Low levels of nucleocapsid (N) protein were detected on the surface of VSV-infected cells, but N protein could not be detected on the plasma membrane of transfected EL4 cells. Intracellular N protein was detectable by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or immunoprecipitation in some of the transfected cell lines but not in others, unless the transfected genes were induced by sodium butyrate. However, all of the stably transfected EL4 cell lines expressing the VSV-Indiana N protein were efficiently lysed by serotype-specific and cross-reactive anti-VSV cytotoxic T cells (CTLs). Primary cross-reactive anti-VSV CTLs appeared to be specific solely for N protein, based on cold-target competition assays using infected and transfected target cells. Cell lines expressing 100- to 1,000-fold less N protein than did VSV-infected cells were efficiently lysed by both primary and secondary anti-VSV CTLs. Cell lines expressing 100-fold less G protein than did VSV-infected cells were not lysed by either population of effectors. Significantly, cold-target competition studies with secondary CTLs demonstrated that N protein-expressing cell lines were more efficient competitors than were VSV-infected cells even though the latter expressed 100- to 1,000-fold more N protein. This was not an artifact of viral infection since infection of the transfected cell lines did not affect their ability to compete. The possibility that cell lines constitutively expressing internal virus proteins present antigen more effectively than infected cells do is discussed.
STUDIES ON THE ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION OF PROVITAMIN D AND ITS RELATED COMPOUNDS III. EFFECT OF WAVELENGTH ON THE FOR-MATION OF POTENTIAL VITAMIN D2 IN THE IRRADIATION OF ERGOSTEROL BY MONO-CHROMATIC ULTRAVIOLET RAYS (1973)

In the irradiation of ergosterol, the effect of wavelength on the forma-tion of potential vitamin D2 (the sum of pre-D2 and vitamin D2) was investigated. Monochromatic UV rays obtained from a spectroirradiator were used for the irradiations and the yield of potential vitamin D2 was estimated by the GLC method as described previously (1). When an ergosterol solution in ethanol (1.0 mg/ml) was irradiated by mono-chromatic UV ray in the range 230-400mμ with the quantum of 4.0×108 erg/cm2, the figure of the relationship between yield of potential vitamin D2 and wavelengths of irradiating UV rays showed a mountain shape with a maximum at 295mμ. Ultraviolet rays in the range 285-310mμ were more effective than the other rays for the formation of potential vitamin D2 (yield: higher than 22%), whereas those either below 230mμ or above 330mμ were less effective (yield: lower than 3.5%). The gas chromatograms of TMS ethers of all the irradiated solutions showed the presence of peaks due to gyro- and isopyro-D2 (thermal cyclized products of pre-D2 and vitamin D2), lumisterol2, ergosterol and tachy-sterol2, although their peak area ratios were very different. The irradiations by various monochromatic UV rays with different quanta of energy were also examined, and the ray of 295mμ with quanta of 2.1-6.4×108 erg/cm2 was found to give the best yields of potential vitamin D2, between 31.5 and 33%. Further irradiations beyond the maxima effected a decrease in the yield.
Parameters Involved in Antimicrobial and Endotoxin Detoxification Activities of Antimicrobial Peptides (2008)

Endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] covers more than 90% of the outer monolayer of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, and it plays a dual role in its pathogenesis: as a protective barrier against antibiotics and as an effector molecule, which is recognized by and activates the innate immune system. The ability of host-defense antimicrobial peptides to bind LPS on intact bacteria and in suspension has been implicated in their antimicrobial and LPS detoxification activities. However, the mechanisms involved and the properties of the peptides that enable them to traverse the LPS barrier or to neutralize LPS endotoxic activity are not yet fully understood. Here we investigated a series of antimicrobial peptides and their analogues with drastically altered sequences and structures, all of which share the same amino acid composition (K 6L 9). The list includes both all- l-amino acid peptides and their diastereomers (composed of both l- and d-amino acids). The peptides were investigated functionally for their antibacterial activity and their ability to block LPS-dependent TNF-alpha secretion by macrophages. Fluorescence spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to detect their ability to bind LPS and to affect its oligomeric state. Their secondary structure was characterized in solution, in LPS suspension, and in LPS multibilayers by using CD and FTIR spectroscopy. Our data reveal specific biophysical properties of the peptides that are required to kill bacteria and/or to detoxify LPS. Besides shedding light on the mechanisms of these two important functions, the information gathered should assist in the development of AMPs with potent antimicrobial and LPS detoxification activities.
Statistical computer-aided design for microwave circuits (1996)

A useful methodology for microwave circuit design is presented. A statistical technique known as Design of Experiments is used in conjunction with computer-aided design (CAD) tools to obtain simple mathematical expressions for circuit responses. The response models can then be used to quantify response trade-offs, optimize designs, and minimize circuit variations. The use of this methodology puts the designer's intelligence back into design optimization while making "designing for circuit manufacturability" a more systematic and straightforward process. The method improves the design process, circuit performance, and manufacturability. Two design examples are presented in context to the new design methodology.
Crosslinkage of collagen by polyglycidyl ethers. (1995)

Calcification is the principal cause of failure of glutaraldehyde treated bioprosthetic heart valves. This article reports the crosslinkage of several polyglycidyl ethers. Calcification of yak pericardium with polyglycidyl ethers was significantly decreased compared with that crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. The process of calcification of crosslinked yak pericardium was studied using 21 day subdermal implants in rats. The uptake of calcium with ethane diglycidyl ether was reduced (0.57 +/- 0.19 vs 4.28 +/- 1.62 micrograms/mg) over that with glutaraldehyde. Four polyglycidyl ethers were developed and compared. The best compound for raising the shrinkage temperature was the shortest chain compound without steric hindrance. In the polyglycidyl ether process, a suitable amount of alcohol was necessary to promote crosslinking; the catalyst, 2, 4, 6 -tris (dimethyl aminomethyl) phenol (TDAMP) and salicylic acid, were not favorable for long-term treatment of tissues because of the unnecessarily deep dyeing of the tissue, in addition to raising the shrinkage temperature. Unlike glutaraldehyde treatment, which reacts with lysine, polyglycidyl ether treated tissues maintained flexibility of the pericardial tissue, while binding amino acids such as lysine, methionine, tyrosine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid. The authors conclude that the ethane diglycidyl ether process combined with formaldehyde would further raise the shrinkage temperature from 78 degrees C to 87.5 degrees C and sustain it above 80 degrees C. Reverse treatment was not as effective. Compared with glutaraldehyde, polyglycidyl ether treatment renders tissue more flexible, increases the thermal stability of collagen, and decreases the incidence of calcification in vivo.
The Xenoestrogen Bisphenol A Inhibits Postembryonic Vertebrate Development by Antagonizing Gene Regulation by Thyroid Hormone (2009)

Bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical widely used to manufacture plastics, is estrogenic and capable of disrupting sex differentiation. However, recent in vitro studies have shown that BPA can also antagonize T(3) activation of the T(3) receptor. The difficulty in studying uterus-enclosed mammalian embryos has hampered the analysis on the direct effects of BPA during vertebrate development. This study proposed to identify critical T(3) pathways that may be disrupted by BPA based on molecular analysis in vivo. Because amphibian metamorphosis requires T(3) and encompasses the postembryonic period in mammals when T(3) action is most critical, we used this unique model for studying the effect of BPA on T(3)-dependent vertebrate development at both the morphological and molecular levels. After 4 d of exposure, BPA inhibited T(3)-induced intestinal remodeling in premetamorphic Xenopus laevis tadpoles. Importantly, microarray analysis revealed that BPA antagonized the regulation of most T(3)-response genes, thereby explaining the inhibitory effect of BPA on metamorphosis. Surprisingly, most of the genes affected by BPA in the presence of T(3) were T(3)-response genes, suggesting that BPA predominantly affected T(3)-signaling pathways during metamorphosis. Our finding that this endocrine disruptor, well known for its estrogenic activity in vitro, functions to inhibit T(3) pathways to affect vertebrate development in vivo and thus not only provides a mechanism for the likely deleterious effects of BPA on human development but also demonstrates the importance of studying endocrine disruption in a developmental context in vivo.
Dynamic transform replacement in an H.264 CODEC (2008)

The current paradigm of fixed, standardized video coding algorithms limits the performance and adaptability of video codecs. Enabling dynamic adaptation of a video coding algorithm has the potential to offer improved rate distortion performance and the ability to rapidly implement changes in coding tools and techniques. We present an example of dynamic adaptation based on the H.264/AVC framework in which new transforms may be communicated to, and implemented by, a video decoder, during a coding session. Experimental results demonstrate that dynamic reconfiguration can give improved rate-distortion performance for certain combinations of video sequence and bitrate. We conclude that this is a promising avenue for further research, with significant potential benefits compared with fixed coding strategies.
Tissue fixation security in transosseous rotator cuff repairs: A mechanical comparison of simple versus mattress sutures (1996)

The primary purpose of this investigation was to compare tissue fixation security by simple sutures versus mattress sutures in transosseous rotator cuff repair. These two repair techniques were each performed in 17 human cadaver shoulders, with two bone tunnels being used for the repair by two simple sutures and two other bone tunnels being used for the repair by one mattress suture. The repairs were loaded to failure in a servohydraulic materials test system. Rotator cuff repair by simple sutures was found to be significantly stronger than repair by mattress sutures (P = .0007). The average ultimate load to failure for the simple suture construct (189.62 N) was 39.72% greater than that for the mattress suture construct (135.71 N). Most of the failures occurred by suture breakage at the knot. Load-sharing by multiple suture tails and multiple knots in the simple suture configuration likely contributed to its superior strength characteristics compared with the mattress suture configuration.
Controlled/living heterogeneous radical polymerization in supercritical carbon dioxide (2009)

Abstract Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ) is an inexpensive and environmentally friendly medium for radical polymerizations. ScCO 2 is suited for heterogeneous controlled/living radical polymerizations (CLRPs), since the monomer, initiator, and control reagents (nitroxide, etc.) are soluble, but the polymer formed is insoluble beyond a critical degree of polymerization ( J crit ). The precipitated polymer can continue growing in (only) the particle phase giving living polymer of controlled well‐defined microstructure. The addition of a colloidal stabilizer gives a dispersion polymerization with well‐defined colloidal particles being formed. In recent years, nitroxide‐mediated polymerization (NMP), atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), and reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization have all been conducted as heterogeneous polymerizations in scCO 2 . This Highlight reviews this recent body of work, and describes the unique characteristics of scCO 2 that allows composite particle formation of unique morphology to be achieved. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 3711–3728, 2009
Magneto-inductive element (1993)

A novel sensitive magnetic head using a magnetoinductive (MI) effect in zero- or negative-magnetostrictive amorphous wires is described. The MI effect refers to the change of an inductance L for an external magnetic field in a ferromagnetic wire element magnetized with a wire AC current I/sub AC/. A 5-mm-length MI element using a folded almost zero-magnetostrictive amorphous wire having a 120- mu m diameter showed a sensitive rate of change of its inductance of more than 50% for an external low frequency field of about 10 Oe (800 A/m) applied in parallel with the element. The a-wire MI element works for a wire current having frequencies up to 1 MHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal FGF signaling is required for cecal development (2005)

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling mediates reciprocal mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions in the developing mouse lung and limb. In the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, FGF10 is expressed in the cecal mesenchyme and signals to an epithelial splice form of FGF receptor (FGFR) 2 to regulate epithelial budding. Here, we identify FGF9 as a reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal signal required for cecal morphogenesis. Fgf9 null (Fgf9(-/-)) mouse embryos have agenesis of the embryonic cecum, lacking both mesenchymal expansion and an epithelial bud. In the cecal region of Fgf9(-/-) embryos, mesenchymal expression of Fgf10 and Bmp4 is notably absent, whereas the expression of epithelial markers, such as sonic hedgehog, is not affected. Using epithelial and whole explant cultures, we show that FGF9 signals to mesenchymal FGFRs and that FGF10 signals to epithelial FGFRs. Taken together, these data show that an epithelial FGF9 signal is necessary for the expansion of cecal mesenchyme and the expression of mesenchymal genes that are required for epithelial budding. Thus, these data add to our understanding of FGF-mediated reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal signaling.
Carriage of capsulated strains of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>: a population-based study performed in Gulbarga, South India (2004)

Staphylococcus aureus is a common human pathogen in community- and hospital-acquired infections and its capsule is involved in pathogenesis. We report here the identification of type-5 and type-8 capsular antigens of S. aureus and the prevalence of such strains among volunteers in various age and population groups from different locations in India. S. aureus carriage rates varied between 18 and 50% with the highest values among university students and the lowest in schoolchildren, aged 6-20 years. There was no difference in carriage rates for males vs. females (P=0.415) or in the socioeconomic status of carriers vs. non-carriers or age dependence. Among the carriage isolates 21% were type-5, 52% were type-8 and the remaining 27% were non-typable. Among invasive isolates these percentages were 6, 64 and 30 respectively. This implies that type-5 strains may be less invasive than type-8 strains (P=0.0015).
Liver laceration associated with severe seizures after living donor liver transplantation (2005)

Hemorrhagic complications commonly occur early after liver transplantation (LT), sometimes requiring emergent relaparotomy. However, active bleeding from the liver graft itself is a rare but life-threatening complication after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). We report an unusual case of liver laceration with massive bleeding, associated with severe epileptic seizures as a result of tacrolimus-induced leukoencephalopathy, after LDLT. The patient was successfully rescued by conventional surgical management without a second transplantation. In conclusion, to our knowledge this is the first reported case of graft rupture due to immunosuppression-associated leukoencephalopathy after LT.
Diagnostic accuracy of cyst fluid amphiregulin in pancreatic cysts (2012)

Cyst fluid AREG levels are significantly higher in cancerous and high-grade dysplastic cysts compared to benign mucinous cysts. Thus AREG exhibits potential clinical utility in the evaluation of pancreatic cysts.
Feedforward Decoupling Control Design for Dual-Actuator System in Hard Disk Drives (2004)

The dual-actuator hard disk drive (HDD) with two actuators mounted in the diagonal corners of the baseplate allows faster data access with relatively slower spindle speed. However, the mechanical interaction between the actuators tends to affect the head positioning accuracy. In this paper, the dual-actuator structure is formulated as a dual-input dual-output (DIDO) system and then identified in frequency domain. Based on the interaction models, the feedforward decoupling control (FDC) is developed to compensate for the vibration due to interaction. Experimental results on a dual-actuator prototype demonstrate that the position error signal (PES) value due to interaction is reduced by 72% even under the severest condition.
Sitting with Adjustable Ischial and Back Supports: Biomechanical Changes (2003)

Sitting with reduced ischial support and fitted backrest to the lower spine altered the contact area, reduced peak pressure under the ischia, reduced muscular activity, maintained total and segmental lumbar lordosis, rotated the sacrum forward, and increased lumbar intervertebral disc heights, which could potentially reduce low back pain.
The Effects of Age on the Cells in Layer 1 of Primate Cerebral Cortex (2002)

Although there is significant thinning of layer 1 with age in both occipital area 17 and prefrontal area 46 of the rhesus monkey, there are no significant age-related changes in the numbers of neurons, astrocytes, or microglia and oligodendrocytes in this layer. A few profiles of degenerating neurons have been encountered in old monkeys, but they are uncommon. Some astrocytes undergo hypertrophy with age, as evidenced by the increased thickness of the glial limiting membrane, and throughout layer 1 the amount of filaments in the cytoplasm of both their cell bodies and processes increases. The astrocytes also come to contain phagocytic material in the old monkeys, as do the microglial cells. We have previously shown that in both areas 17 and 46 there is an age-related loss of synapses from layer 1 and a concomitant loss of dendritic branches from the apical tufts of pyramidal cells from layer 1. These may be the sources of the material phagocytosed by the astrocytes and microglial cells.
Reduction of the 1.38-μm Water Peak in Optical Fibers by Deuterium-Hydrogen Exchange (1980)

Absorption due to the 1.38-μm overtone of the OH <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−</sup> vibration in silica has long been an obstacle to low-loss propagation in optical fibers at wavelengths near the dispersion minimum. The corresponding absorption spectrum of OD <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−</sup> in silica, however, has a window in this region. A deuterated fiber with OD <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−</sup> content comparable to that of OH <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−</sup> in preaent-day hydrogenated fibers would have a window between 1.0 and 1.65 pm with essentially no added loes due to water.
Schelling points on 3D surface meshes (2012)

This paper investigates "Schelling points" on 3D meshes, feature points selected by people in a pure coordination game due to their salience. To collect data for this investigation, we designed an online experiment that asked people to select points on 3D surfaces that they expect will be selected by other people. We then analyzed properties of the selected points, finding that: 1) Schelling point sets are usually highly symmetric, and 2) local curvature properties (e.g., Gauss curvature) are most helpful for identifying obvious Schelling points (tips of protrusions), but 3) global properties (e.g., segment centeredness, proximity to a symmetry axis, etc.) are required to explain more subtle features. Based on these observations, we use regression analysis to combine multiple properties into an analytical model that predicts where Schelling points are likely to be on new meshes. We find that this model benefits from a variety of surface properties, particularly when training data comes from examples in the same object class.