gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peptide Architecture: Adding an α‐Helix to the PYY Lysine Side Chain Provides Nanomolar Binding and Body‐Weight‐Lowering Effects (2010)

The gut hormone PYY3-36 influences food intake and body weight via interaction with hypothalamic presynaptic Y2 receptors (Y2R). Novel Y2R-selective analogues of PYY3-36 are therefore potential drug candidates for the treatment of obesity. It has been hypothesized that PYY3-36 and possibly also the related PP-fold peptides, NPY and PP, bind to the membrane via their amphipathic alpha-helix prior to receptor interaction. The PYY3-36 amphipathic alpha-helix causes the peptide to associate with the membrane, making it essential for Y receptor potency as it potentially guides the C-terminal pentapeptide into the correct conformation for receptor activation. Based on this hypothesis, the importance of the amphipathic nature of PYY3-36, as well as the ability of amphipathic alpha-helices to interact in solution to form di- and tetramers, we redesigned the peptide architecture by addition of an amphipathic alpha-helix via the Lys 4 side chain of PYY3-36. Two different amphipathic sequences were introduced; first, PYY17-31, the native alpha-helix of PYY, and secondly, its retro counterpart, PYY31-17, which is also predicted to form an alpha-helix. Moreover, several different turn motifs between the branching point and the additional alpha-helix were tested. Several novel peptides with nanomolar Y2R binding affinities, as well as increased Y receptor selectivity, were identified. CD experiments showed the modifications to be well accepted, and an increase in mean ellipticity (ME) signifying an increased degree of alpha-helicity was observed. Receptor binding experiments indicated that the direction of the additional alpha-helix is less important, in contrast to the turn motifs, which greatly affect the Y1R binding and thus determine the Y1R activity. Conversely, the structure-activity relationships from in vivo data showed that the peptide containing the retro-sequence was inactive, even though the binding data demonstrated high affinity and selectivity. This demonstrates that radical redesign of peptide architecture can provide nanomolar binding with improved subtype selectivity and with in vivo efficacy.
The Duchenne smile: Emotional expression and brain physiology: II. (1990)

Facial expression, EEG, and self-report of subjective emotional experience were recorded while subjects individually watched both pleasant and unpleasant films. Smiling in which the muscle that orbits the eye is active in addition to the muscle that pulls the lip corners up (the Duchenne smile) was compared with other smiling in which the muscle orbiting the eye was not active. As predicted, the Duchenne smile was related to enjoyment in terms of occurring more often during the pleasant than the unpleasant films, in measures of cerebral asymmetry, and in relation to subjective reports of positive emotions, and other smiling was not.
The joining (J) chain is present in invertebrates that do not express immunoglobulins. (1996)

Joining (J) chain is a component of polymeric, but not monomeric, immunoglobulin (Ig) molecules and may play a role in their polymerization and transport across epithelial cells. To date, study of the J chain has been confined to vertebrates that produce Ig and in which the J chain displays a considerable degree of structural homology. The role of the J chain in Ig polymerization has been questioned and, since the J chain can be expressed in lymphoid cells that do not produce Ig, it is possible that the J chain may have other functions. To explore this possibility, we have surveyed J-chain gene, mRNA, and protein expression by using reverse transcriptase-coupled PCR, Northern blot analysis, and immunoblot analysis in invertebrate species that do not produce Ig. We report that the J-chain gene is expressed in invertebrates (Mollusca, Annelida, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, and Holothuroidea), as well as in representative vertebrates (Mammalia, Teleostei, Amphibia). Furthermore, J-chain cDNA from the earthworm has a high degree of homology (68-76%) to human, mouse, and bovine J chains. Immunohistochemical studies reveal that the J chain is localized in the mucous cells of body surfaces, intestinal epithelial cells, and macrophage-like cells of the earthworm and slug. This study suggests that the J chain is a primitive polypeptide that arose before the evolution of Ig molecules and remains highly conserved in extent invertebrates and vertebrates.
A simple algorithm for fanout optimization using high-performance buffer libraries (1993)

We present an algorithm for computing minimal-area fanout networks satisfying a delay constraint. We focus on one type of fanout network structure, the fanout chain. We show that, when using libraries designed for high-speed custom CMOS chips, the fanout chain typically produces minimal-area fanout networks for a given delay constraint. We then present fast, near-optimal algorithms to compute these fanout structures.
Synthesis of ring-<scp>A</scp>and -<scp>B</scp>substituted 17α-acetoxypregnan-20-one derivatives with potential activity on the digitalis receptor in cardiac muscle (1987)

The synthesis of C-6 substituted (methyl, hydroxy, acetoxy, methoxy, ethoxy, methoxycarbonyloxy, ethoxycarbonyloxy, fluoro, chloro, bromo) 5α,5β,C-4 unsaturated and C-4,6 unsaturated derivatives of 17α-acetoxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione (17α-acetoxyprogesterone) are reported. A convenient synthesis of 6α-hydroxy derivatives by selective reduction of the 4-ene-3,6-dione system is described as is the formation of 6α-alkoxycarbonyl derivatives. Synthesis of a 5α-hydroxy-6-ketone via the 5β,6β-epoxide with N-bromosuccinimide is reported. A new preparation of 3α-hydroxy-5α-derivatives from the 4-en-3-one group has been carried out. 1H n.m.r. spectra are recorded. These compounds were synthesized to test for ouabain displacement activity on the digitalis receptor in cardiac muscle.
<i>miR-155</i> : On the Crosstalk Between Inflammation and Cancer (2009)

MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that posttranscriptionally modulate the expression of multiple target genes and are thus implicated in a wide array of cellular and developmental processes. miR-155 is processed from BIC, a non-coding transcript highly expressed in both activated B and T cells and in monocytes/macrophages. miR-155 levels change dynamically during both hematopoietic lineage differentiation and the course of the immune response. Different mouse models developed recently indicate that miR-155 plays a critical role during hematopoiesis and regulates lymphocyte homeostasis and tolerance. A moderate increase of miR-155 levels is observed in many types of malignancies of B cell or myeloid origin, and transgenic over-expression of miR-155 in mice results in cancer. While the high levels of miR-155 reached transiently during the course of the immune response remain unharmful for the organism, the reason why a moderate up-regulation of miR-155 can lead to cancer remains obscure. As prolonged exposure to inflammation can lead to cancer, the permanent up-regulation of miR-155 might be a link between the two. Therefore, designing miR-155 based therapies will require a better understanding of the molecular basis of its action as well as of how miR-155 levels are regulated in a cell-specific manner.
Exact robot navigation using artificial potential functions (1992)

A methodology for exact robot motion planning and control that unifies the purely kinematic path planning problem with the lower level feedback controller design is presented. Complete information about a freespace and goal is encoded in the form of a special artificial potential function, called a navigation function, that connects the kinematic planning problem with the dynamic execution problem in a provably correct fashion. The navigation function automatically gives rise to a bounded-torque feedback controller for the robot's actuators that guarantees collision-free motion and convergence to the destination from almost all initial free configurations. A formula for navigation functions that guide a point-mass robot in a generalized sphere world is developed. The simplest member of this family is a space obtained by puncturing a disk by an arbitrary number of smaller disjoint disks representing obstacles. The other spaces are obtained from this model by a suitable coordinate transformation. Simulation results for planar scenarios are provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
자동혈액응고 기가에서 PT, APTT 의 측정결과 비교분석 - (1992)

The Prothrombin time(P.T) test and activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT) test are commonly used for screening coagulation disorders and monitoring of anticoagulant therapy. We compared day to day reproducibility and normal range and coefficient of correlation of Fibrintimer and Electra-800 in PT. APTT. The results are : 1. Day-to-day reproducibility of PT and APTT expressed C.V. are 4.02%, 6.23% in Fibrintimer and 2.26%, 4.37% in Electra-800, which show good day to day reproducibility(P > 0.05). 2. The normal range of PT are 9.7 sec~ 13.3 sec in Fibrintimer and 10.1 ~ 13.3 sec, in ElectraBOO. The normal range of APTT are 26.8 sec ~34.2 sec in Fibrintimer and 25.3 sec~33. 5 sec in Electra-·800. 3. A coefficient of correlation of PT & APTT is 0.99 and 0.91 respectively between the Fibrintimer & Electra-800 which show high degree of correlation.
Analysis of normal epithelial cell specific-1 (NES1)/kallikrein 10 mRNA expression by in situ hybridization, a novel marker for breast cancer. (2001)

Our results demonstrate that NES1 mRNA is expressed in normal breast tissue and benign lesions, with loss of NES1 expression during tumor progression. We suggest that NES1 expression may serve as a molecular tool in the study of breast cancer progression. Studies with larger series of specimens should help assess whether NES1 expression can be a diagnostic and/or prognostic marker in breast and other cancers.
Ambulatory monitoring of arterial blood pressure. Comparison between blood pressure measurements obtained with the Remler M 2000 portable recorder and by radiotelemetry under laboratory conditions and during everyday activities. (1981)

Simultaneous indirect and direct arterial blood pressure measurements were performed with a Remler M 2000 (RM) portable recorder and by radiotelemetry (RT) in 21 subjects under various conditions such as rest in the supine position and in an 80 degree upright position on a tilting table, during bicycle ergometry, physical exercise on the terrain and under the emotional stress of driving a car. There is a good correlation between semiautomatic pressure measurements carried out with the RM portable recorder and radiotelemetric data. The differences observed are basically due to the auscultation method. But the RM has an advantage over the auscultation method in that it objectively registers the Korotkov sounds and records them on a tape, not only under laboratory conditions but also during everyday activities.
Brown coal maceral distributions in a modern domed tropical Indonesian peat and a comparison with maceral distributions in Middle Pennsylvanian–age Appalachian bituminous coal beds (1993)

Analyses of modern Indonesian peat samples reveal that the optical characteristics of peat constituents are consistent with the characteristics of macerals observed in brown coal and, as found by previous workers, brown-coal maceral terminology can be used in the analysis of modern peat. A core from the margin and one from near the center of a domed peat deposit in Riau Province, Sumatra, reveal that the volume of huminite macerals representing well-preserved cell structures (red, red-gray, and gray textinite; ulminite; and corpo/textinite) decreases upward. Huminite macerals representing severely degraded (<20 microns) cellular debris (degraded textinite, attrinite, and densinite) increase uniformly from the base to the surface. Greater degradation of the huminite macerals in the upper peat layers in the interior of the deposit is interpreted to be the result of fungal activity that increased in response to increasingly aerobic conditions associated with the doming of the peat deposit. Aerobic conditions concurrent with the activities of fungi may result in incipient oxidation of the severely degraded huminite macerals. This oxidation could lead to the formation of degradosemifusinite, micrinite, and macrinite maceral precursors in the peat, which may become evident only upon coalification. The core at the margin was petrographically more homogeneous than the core from the center and was dominated by well-preserved huminite macerals except in the upper 1 m, which showed signs of aerobic degradation and was similar to the upper 1 m of the peat in the interior of the deposit.
Raman spectroscopy explores molecular structural signatures of hidden materials in depth: Universal Multiple Angle Raman Spectroscopy (2014)

Non-invasive 3D imaging in materials and medical research involves methodologies such as X-ray imaging, MRI, fluorescence and optical coherence tomography, NIR absorption imaging, etc., providing global morphological/density/absorption changes of the hidden components. However, molecular information of such buried materials has been elusive. In this article we demonstrate observation of molecular structural information of materials hidden/buried in depth using Raman scattering. Typically, Raman spectroscopic observations are made at fixed collection angles, such as, 90°, 135°, and 180°, except in spatially offset Raman scattering (SORS) (only back scattering based collection of photons) and transmission techniques. Such specific collection angles restrict the observations of Raman signals either from or near the surface of the materials. Universal Multiple Angle Raman Spectroscopy (UMARS) presented here employs the principle of (a) penetration depth of photons and then diffuse propagation through non-absorbing media by multiple scattering and (b) detection of signals from all the observable angles.
Relations among some psychoacoustic parameters in normal and cochlearly impaired listeners (1985)

Frequency resolution (viz., masking by low-pass-filtered noise and broadband noise) and temporal resolution (viz., masking by interrupted noise) were compared with hearing thresholds and acoustic reflex thresholds for four normally hearing and 13 cochlearly impaired subjects. Two models, one for frequency resolution (model I) and one for temporal resolution (model II), were introduced, and these provided a means of predicting individual frequency and temporal resolution from hearing thresholds for both normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners. Model I is based on the assumption that the upward spread of masking increases in cochlearly impaired hearing with an amount proportional to the hearing threshold in dB HL. Model II is based on the assumption that the poststimulatory masked thresholds return to the level of the hearing threshold within a duration of 200 ms, independent of the level of the masker and the amount of cochlear hearing loss. Model parameters were determined from results from other studies. Although some discrepancies between measured and predicted values were observed, the model predictions generally agree with measurements. Thus, to a first-order approximation, it seems possible to predict individual frequency and temporal resolution of cochlearly hearing-impaired listeners solely on the basis of their hearing thresholds.
Variation in the N-terminal region of an M-like protein of Streptococcus equi and evaluation of its potential as a tool in epidemiologic studies (2005)

This study documented a region in the N-terminal portion of SeM that varies in a nonsynonymous manner. This information should be useful in molecular epidemiologic studies of S equi.
Speck-size computers: Now with deep learning [News] (2017)

Computer scientist David Blaauw pulls a small plastic box from his bag. He carefully uses his fingernail to pick up the tiny black speck inside and place it on the hotel café table. At 1 cubic millimeter, this is one of a line of the world's smallest computers. I had to be careful not to cough or sneeze, lest it blow away and be swept into the trash. Blaauw and his colleague Dennis Sylvester,both IEEE Fellows and computer science professors at the University of Michigan, were in San Francisco in February to present 10 papers related to these "micromote" computers at the IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC). They've been presenting different variations on the tiny devices for a few years now.
A second survey of graduates of a traditionally black college of medicine (1989)

To update and expand upon its 1975-76 survey of 729 graduates of seven classes, Howard University College of Medicine (HUCM) conducted a longer survey in 1985-86 of 1,985 graduates spanning 49 classes. Replies of the 728 respondents to the second survey confirm that HUCM's predominantly black alumni were continuing to provide patient care to a substantial number of poor blacks in urban areas. Fifty-six percent of all HUCM alumni were in primary care, compared with 46% of all alumni of U.S. medical schools who were in primary care. New findings included concerns about malpractice suits and physician impairment. Regarding physician supply in their own communities, 53% of respondents believed that there were too many physicians overall, but 63% believed there were too few black physicians. For the 1940-1969 graduates, loans financed 10% of their medical education, and indebtedness influenced the types of practice chosen by 4%; comparable figures for the 1970-1980 graduates were 25% and 11%.
1,1′‐Trimethylenebis(η<sup>5</sup>‐3‐<i>tert</i>‐butylcyclopentadienyl)‐titanium(<scp>IV</scp>)Dichloride, a Chiral <i>ansa</i>‐Titanocene Derivative (1979)

A configurationally stable chiral titanocene , of interest as a catalyst for asymmetric hydrogenation, contains tert ‐butyl‐substituted Cp rings and a (CH 2 ) 3 chain joining the two rings. The enantiomers of the title compound, synthesized for the first time, can be resolved by way of a diastereomeric ( S )‐binaphtholate.
14.2 A 79GHz phase-modulated 4GHz-BW CW radar TX in 28nm CMOS (2014)

Millimeter-Wave radar sensors perform accurate and robust remote motion detection with short latencies. Requirements are especially challenging for person detection [1]: a bandwidth higher than 1.5GHz is needed to achieve finer than 10cm depth resolution. Wide field of view combined with high angular resolution are also needed, which at mm-Waves translate into large and power-hungry antenna arrays. In classical FMCW radars [2-6], when bandwidth requirements exceed 1GHz, depth resolution is eventually limited by the linearity of the frequency slope of the FM PLL.
Transport of intensity phase imaging in a volume holographic microscope (2010)

We demonstrate a method for single-shot quantitative phase imaging based on the transport of intensity equation (TIE) in a volume holographic microscope (VHM). The VHM system uses a multiplexed volume hologram to laterally separate images from different focal planes. This axial intensity information is then used to solve the TIE and recover object phase quantitatively. Further, we show improved phase recovery by using five multiplexed gratings in one hologram.
Ammonia-based quantum computer (2002)

We propose a scheme for quantum computation using two eigenstates of ammonia or similar molecules. Individual ammonia molecules are confined inside fullerenes and used as two-level qubit systems. Interaction between these ammonia qubits takes place via the electric dipole moments, and in particular we show how a controlled-NOT gate could be implemented. After computation the qubit is measured with a single-electron electrometer sensitive enough to differentiate between the dipole moments of different states. We also discuss a possible implementation based on a quantum cellular automaton.
Construcciones con regla y compas (1969)

La razón por la cual he escogido este tema es porque es un buen ejemplo de formulación analítica de un problema geométrico y de una solución relativamente fácil de este problema. Desde los griegos problemas como la duplicación del cubo de volumen uno y la trisección del ángulo de 600 con ayuda de la regla y el compas han preocupado a los matemáticos; pruebas de la imposibilidad de construcción con regla y compas parecían muy difíciles, indicando esto que los métodos usados hasta una determinada época no eran buenos
Precoating of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene with polymethylmethacrylate: Interfacial strength (1998)

Fixation of polymeric implants, especially an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) acetabular cup, to a host bone site has been a challenge since its first conception from the Charnley low friction total hip arthroplasty. Destabilization of the acetabular cup, similar to the well-documented cases of femoral stems, is caused mainly by aseptic loosening; the mobile loosened particles further contribute to the progression of aseptic loosening. Although the obvious fixation problems lie in the bone-bone cement interface, little work has been done to reduce the loosening by improving the acetabular components as a whole in cemented procedures. Most of the grooved outer surface, external fixation devices, and metal backings have been introduced to avoid problematic fixation of the cup to bone cement; nevertheless, the designs themselves to some degree became the source of the loosening problems. One possible way to improve the adhesion of acrylic bone cement to the UHMWPE acetabular cup is precoating the surface with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). This study successfully precoated the UHMWPE surface with PMMA, showing good chemical and mechanical stability, and suggests the optimal conditions of variables involved in the newly developed precoating process. The highest interfacial tensile strength was 11.51 +/- 0.65 MPa, which is stronger than those of UHMWPE and metal in metal-backed cups (6.3 MPa) and bone-bone cement (8.5 MPa). Further chemical analysis and mechanical testing are in progress, yet the present result of the mechanical tensile strength test showed that the precoating process for the UHMWPE surface could be a viable means toward stable fixation of the polymeric implants by using PMMA bone cement.
Sur la symétrie dans les phénomènes physiques, symétrie d'un champ électrique et d'un champ magnétique (1894)

Pas de Résumé disponible
Large Loop Diathermy of the Transformation Zone: Is ‘See and Treat’ An Acceptable Option for the Management of Women with Abnormal Cervical Smears? (1994)

SummaryA total of J 39 women with dyskaryotic cervical smears, in whom the entire lesion could be visualised, were seen in the colposcopy clinic, and large loop diathermy of the transformation zone was performed, resulting in an over-treatment rate of 39 per cent. In 82 per cent of patients, a severely dyskaryotic referral smear resulted in a histologically proved lesion of CIN II or greater. Only 51 per cent of women referred with moderately dyskaryotic cervical smears had histologically proved CIN II or III. The results of further investigations, including repeat cervical smears, helped to improve the identification of high grade abnormalities in this second group, and would have reduced the over-treatment rate in this group. A ‘see and treat’ policy is an acceptable option for the management of women referred with severely dyskaryotic cervical smears, but if a woman is referred for colposcopy with a moderately dyskaryotic cervical smear, the policy of performing further investigations, including a repeat cervical smear, and a colposcopically directed punch biopsy before treatment, should be adhered to.