gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stimulation of autoantibody production in normal blood lymphocytes by malaria culture supernatants (1984)

Supernatants from Plasmodium falciparum cultures containing soluble parasite material were mitogenic for normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) in vitro. This was evidenced by blast transformation and significant incorporation of 3H-thymidine and confirms earlier reports of the mitogenic potential of malaria parasites. Lymphocyte activation by these malaria derived products was polyclonal as demonstrated by increased secretion of IgA, IgG and IgM by the stimulated cells. Using rat tissues and Hep-2 cells as substrates, autoantibody activity was found in the IgM fraction of the secreted immunoglobulin. Speckled anti-nuclear (ANA) antibody, anti-globulins (rheumatoid factor) and anti-intermediate filament antibodies were produced by the stimulated lymphocytes. No significant immunoglobulin secretion with autoantibody specificity was found in control cultures in which normal MNC were incubated with supernatants from non-parasitized red cell cultures. The data supports the suggestion that polyclonal lymphocyte activation by parasite derived products occurs in vivo and, in addition, provides an explanation for the presence of autoantibodies in the serum of malaria patients.
왜란의 번식과 피복에 미치는 차광효과 (2016)

가로수나 공원에 주로 심는 조경수목류에 관한 생산과연구는 과거부터 활발하게 이루어진 반면, 지피식물 개발연구는 상대적으로 미비한 상태다. 지피식물을 대표하는 잔디는 예초, 제초, 배토작업, 병충해 등 유지관리가 까다롭고,지나친 번식은 주변 식생의 생장에 지장을 주거나 고사시킨다. 이러한 점에서 최근 잔디의 대체식물로서 왜란, 클로버,질경이, 누운주름잎, 암수초 등이 언급되고 있다. 특히, 왜란(Ophiopogon Japonicus ‘Kyote Dwarf’)은 맥문동과 상록성 소엽맥문동의 일본 원예종으로서 지피식물로 유망한 식물이다. 맥문동보다 잎이 가늘고 10㎝이내 왜성으로 자라서 수목하부, 경계부분, 포장석 사이에 주로 피복하면 유지관리가 손쉽다는 장점이 있다. 한편, 지피식물은 수목하부등에 심기 때문에 비교적 광량이 적은 곳에서 생장이 양호한 것이 적합할 것이다. 맥문동 등의 맥문동과 식물은 내음성이 강한 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 지피식물로서 가치가 있는 왜란을 대상으로 차광실험을 실시하여, 적정 내음범위와 함께 번식 및 피복에 미치는 적합한 광량 수준을 밝히고자 하였다. 광량차단 처리수준은 무차광, 35%, 55%, 75% 등의 4수준(이하, 차광율)으로 하여, 한랭사를 이용해 태양빛을 차광하였다. 4수준의 실험구에 다시 왜란의 어미묘(2년생), 어린묘(1년생)로 구분하여, 묘령 생장에 따른 피복수준 차이를 조사하였다. 각 처리구별로 3반복하여, 총 24개 실험구를 야외에 설치하였다. 처리구별 광량수준 처리는 광양자광센서(MQ-200, apogee사)를 이용하여 폭6m 높이 2.2m라운드철재 프레임을 설치하고 그 위에 한랭사를 덮고 태양의 광량을 4수준으로 조절했다. 그 아래에 사각 목재틀(크기: 가로 70×세로 70×높이 24㎝)을 설치해 그 틀 안에 배양토를 채우고, 왜란을 심었다. 배양토는 ㈜대지개발에서 구입한 천연부엽토에 마사토를 1:4로 섞어 사용했다. 왜란은 전남장흥군에서 수목하부에 2년 자란 왜란을 채취하여 어미묘(2년생), 어린묘(1년생)를 1분얼씩 분류하여 3분얼을 1개체로각 시험구에 36개체를 10㎝ 간격으로 심었다. 어미묘의 초장은 75㎝, 엽수는 18장, 생중량1.79g 건중량0.48g이며, 어린묘의 초장 82㎝, 엽수 15장 생중량0.88g 건중량0.29g 이었다. 정식 후 한 달 동안은 활착을 위해여 일주일에 1회관수했고, 이 후에는 특별한 가뭄이 없는 한 관수하지 않았다. 실험기간은 2015년 3월부터 2016년 9월까지 실시할 예정이며, 이번 보고는 2015년 12월까지 조사된 데이터를 이용하였다. 처리구별 피복율은 정식이후 7개월 이후인 2015년 11월에 사진을 촬영하여, 이 영상을 잎면적 산출 프로그램(LIA32. ver.0.376.1)을 이용해 처리구별 피복율을 추정하였다. 초기 왜란식재 당시의 피복율은 차광율 처리구간통계적 차이는 없었다. 그 결과, 7개월간의 왜란 피복율은 19∼27%로 낮은 수준이었고, 잎수가 더 많은 어미묘가 어린묘보다 피복율이 4%정도 더 높았다. 생육기간이 짧은 관계로 왜란의 전체 피복율은 그리 높지 않았고, 어미묘(2년생)와 어린묘(1년생) 간의 피복율 차이가 크게 나지 않았다. 차광율별 피복율은 크지 않았지만, 차광율 35%에서 피복율이 가장 높았다. 어미묘 왜란은 차광율 35%에서 피복율이 가장 높았고, 다음으로 차광율 55%(26.31%), 75%(23.91%), 0%(22.54%) 순이었다. 어린묘의 경우에도 차광율 35%에서 피복율이 가장높았고, 55%, 75%, 0% 순이었다. 현재까지의 조사된 결과로서는 35∼55%의 차광율에서 왜란의 피복율이 높은 것으로 보인다. 또한, 왜란의 적정광량 범위는 상당히 넓은 것으로 예측된다. 하지만, 차광율 처리구별 왜란의 피복율이 크게 차이를 보이지 않기 때문에 향후 지속적인 생육실험을 통한 결론을 도출해야 할 것으로 판단된다.
Memory-centric video processing (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This work presents a <emphasis emphasistype="boldital">domain-specific</emphasis> memory subsystem based on a two-level memory hierarchy. It targets the application domain of video post-processing applications including video enhancement and format conversion. These applications are based on motion compensation and/or broad class of content adaptive filtering to provide the highest quality of pictures. Our approach meets the required performance and has sufficient flexibility for the application domain. It especially aims at the implementation-wise most challenging applications: compute-intensive and bandwidth-demanding applications that provide the highest quality at high picture resolutions. The lowest level of the memory hierarchy, closest to the processing element, the L0 scratchpad, is organized specifically to enable fast retrieval of an arbitrarily positioned 2-D block of pixels to the processing element. To guarantee the performance, most of its addressing logic is hardwired, leaving a user a set of API for initialization and storing/loading the data to/from the L0 scratchpad. The next level of the memory hierarchy, the L1 scratchpad, minimizes the off-chip memory bandwidth requirements. The L1 scratchpad is organized specifically to enable efficient aligned block-based accesses. With lower data rates compared to the L0 scratchpad and aligned block access, software-based addressing is used to enable full flexibility. The two-level memory hierarchy exploits prefetching to further improve the performance. </para>
Management of Sickle Cell Disease (2014)

Hydroxyurea and transfusion therapy are strongly recommended for many individuals with SCD. Many other recommendations are based on quality of evidence that is less than high due to the paucity of clinical trials regarding screening, management, and monitoring for individuals with SCD.
Introduction (1995)

Abstract This chapter discusses the history of the relationship between the University of Oxford and adult education since the mid-19th century. It thus explores one of the less well-known aspects of the University's past. This is also a study of the relationship between intellectuals and the working class in Britain, or perhaps more accurately, between a specific section of intellectuals and a specific section of workers. The relationship is described historically as it has developed through the shared enterprise of adult education. In the history of modern Oxford, adult education has a secure but essentially peripheral place. The history of Oxford's involvement in adult education is not without conflict, and these conflicts help define the development of the intellectual left in British politics over the past century.
Application of compressive sensing to sparse channel estimation (2010)

Compressive sensing is a topic that has recently gained much attention in the applied mathematics and signal processing communities. It has been applied in various areas, such as imaging, radar, speech recognition, and data acquisition. In communications, compressive sensing is largely accepted for sparse channel estimation and its variants. In this article we highlight the fundamental concepts of compressive sensing and give an overview of its application to pilot aided channel estimation. We point out that a popular assumption - that multipath channels are sparse in their equivalent baseband representation - has pitfalls. There are over-complete dictionaries that lead to much sparser channel representations and better estimation performance. As a concrete example, we detail the application of compressive sensing to multicarrier underwater acoustic communications, where the channel features sparse arrivals, each characterized by its distinct delay and Doppler scale factor. To work with practical systems, several modifications need to be made to the compressive sensing framework as the channel estimation error varies with how detailed the channel is modeled, and how data and pilot symbols are mixed in the signal design.
Highly Conductive, Transparent Flexible Films Based on Metal Nanoparticle‐Carbon Nanotube Composites (2013)

Metallic nanoparticles decorated on MWCNTs based transparent conducting thin films (TCFs) show a cheap and efficient option for the applications in touch screens and the replacement of the ITO film because of their interesting properties of electrical conductivity, mechanical property, chemical inertness, and other unique properties, which may not be accessible by their individual components. However, a great challenge that always remains is to develop effective ways to prepare junctions between metallic nanoparticles and MWCNTs for the improvement of high‐energy barriers, high contact resistances, and weak interactions which could lead to the formation of poor conducting pathways and result in the CNT‐based devices with low mechanical flexibility. Herein, we not only discuss recent progress in the preparation of MNP‐CNT flexible TCFs but also describe our research studies in the relevant areas. Our result demonstrated that the MNP‐CNT flexible TCFs we prepared could achieve a highly electrical conductivity with the sheet resistance of ~100 ohm/sq with ~80% transmittance at 550 nm even after being bent 500 times. This electrical conductivity is much superior to the performances of other MWCNT‐based transparent flexible films, making it favorable for next‐generation flexible touch screens and optoelectronic devices.
Trajectory prediction of a lane changing vehicle based on driver behavior estimation and classification (2014)

Accurate trajectory prediction of a lane changing vehicle is a key issue for risk assessment and early danger warning in advanced driver assistance systems(ADAS). This paper proposes a trajectory prediction approach for a lane changing vehicle considering high-level driver status. A driving behavior estimation and classification model is developed based on Hidden Markov Models(HMMs). The lane change behavior is estimated by observing the vehicle state emissions in the beginning stage of a lane change procedure, and then classified by the classifier before the vehicle crosses the lane mark. Furthermore, the future trajectory of the lane changing vehicle is predicted in a statistical way combining the driver status estimated by the classifier. The classifier is trained and tested using naturalistic driving data, which shows satisfactory performance in classifying driver status. The trajectory prediction method generates different trajectories based on the classification results, which is important for the design of both autonomous driving controller and early danger warning systems.
Assessing The Public Health Significance Of Subsurface-Contaminant Vapors Intruding Into Indoor Air (2010)

To assess the public health significance of exposures via the vapor intrusion pathway for exposure a risk assessment was conducted for a common VOC trichloroethylene (TCE) in an unbiased sample of all the contaminated sites within a large geographic setting (northern New Jersey). Probabilistic methods were used to minimize the impact of single point-estimate input values and to help assess the impact of variability and uncertainty in input parameters. Central-tendency probabilistic methods were used to provide an estimate of the most likely exposure point concentrations. The exposure assessment involved 709 TCE-contaminated groundwater sites with 29,856 groundwater samples from 11,210 monitor wells in the stateâs Hazsite database. The groundwater mapping component focused on the 78 sites with one or more TCE-contaminated wells located on land classified as residential. The extent of groundwater contamination beyond the monitor well locations was estimated (mapped) using generic GIS-based Inverse Distance Weighted methods on a natural-log scale and additional hypothetical âclean wells.â The risk assessment focused on the 38 sites with one or more hypothetical residences overlying groundwater with a house-plot averaged concentration greater than 2.7 ug/L. The attenuation of vapors generated from the upper-most groundwater was estimated for the 883 hypothetical overlying residential structures using the USEPAâs national empirical database of vapor attenuation factors. Receptor characteristics based on county-level statistics are used to estimate adult individual and childhood age-specific exposures using probabilistic âage at move inâ techniques and with possible in-utero and lactation exposures. The exposure estimates are combined with central-tendency probabilistic estimates of toxicity (primarily based on NYDOH, 2006a) to estimate central-tendency risks for the cancer and non-cancer outcomes under study (Non-Hodgkinâs Lymphoma and Central Nervous System effects). In general the risks are low and highly skewed. Only those few individuals at the highest level of exposure are estimated to be subject to risks of typical concern. However, the methods used include limitations and these results are not likely to be representative of some other areas of the country. Sensitivity and two-dimensional analyses indicate the inputs for vapor attenuation and groundwater concentration dominate the risk estimates.
A wavelet-based method for estimating damping in power systems (2011)

This thesis presents a novel approach to electromechanical oscillation damping estimation under the ambient conditions of a power system. The power system is said to operate under the ambient conditions when it is only subjected to ever present small excitations such as constantly varying load. The damping estimation method is based on the wavelet transform and the random decrement technique. \n The thesis reviews the properties of the wavelet transform that are essential in damping estimation, defines criteria for optimal mother wavelet selection in damping estimation, and identifies the possible mother wavelets in damping estimation of the Nordic power system. It also studies the optimal selection of other parameters and defines values for them. \n Both the simulated and measured power system data is analyzed with the damping estimation method in the thesis. The results show that when the parameter selections (especially the mother wavelet function and the time window length) of the damping estimation method are done correctly and a signal with good observability of the mode is used, the damping can be estimated close to the known damping of the simulation model using the ambient-excited oscillation data. The damping estimates are more accurate when the real damping of the oscillation mode is low; i.e. when it is more important to system stability. The measurement noise of the analyzed signals does not have much effect on the estimates. \n It is shown that the method can be used to observe the degraded damping due to incorrect operation of the power system damping controller. In addition, the method can possibly be applied to verification of the power system simulation model. Although the performance of the method is studied for the Nordic power system case, it is recognized that the method is applicable to other power system, too.
The design and implementation of SOLAR, a portable library for scalable out-of-core linear algebra computations (1996)

SOLAR is a portable high-perfonnance library for out-of-core dense matrix computations. It combines portability with high perfonnance by using existing high-perfonnance in-core subroutine libraries and by using an optimized matrix input-output library. SOLAR works on parallel computers, workstations, and personal computers. It supports in-core computations on both shared-memory and distributed-memory machines, and its matrix input-output library supports both conventional 1/0 interfaces and parallel 110 interfaces. This paper discusses the overall design of SOLAR, its interfaces, and the design of several important subroutines. Experimental results show that SOLAR can factor on a single workstation an out-of-core positive-definite symmetric matrix at a rate exceeding 215 Mflops, and an out-of-core general matrix at a rate exceeding 195 Mflops. Less than 16% of the running time is spent on 110 in these computations. These results indicate that SOLAR's portability does not compromise its perfonnance. We expect that the combination of portability, modularity, and the use of a high-level 110 interface will make the library an important platfonn for research on out-of-core algorithms and on parallel 110.
InGaAs resonant tunneling transistors using a coupled-quantum-well base with strained AlAs tunnel barriers (1994)

A bipolar-type resonant tunneling transistor is studied of which the base is identical to a coupled quantum well. On the basis of the InGaAs material system strained AlAs tunnel barriers and a graded InGaAlAs emitter are used. Molecular beam epitaxy growth conditions are studied, showing a specific influence of growth temperature and arsenic pressure. We find clear evidence for resonant tunneling: a saturation of the collector current and a maximum of the transconductance with increasing base-emitter bias in a three-terminal transistor structure. A corresponding effect in a phototransistor structure is found as a maximum of differential current gain with increasing incident light intensity. Room temperature and low temperature (80 K) high-frequency properties are determined and are used to estimate the resonant tunneling time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Measurements of geometric enhancement factors for silicon nanopillar cathodes using a scanning tunneling microscope (2001)

High-density silicon nanopillar cathodes were fabricated using a self-assembling colloidal gold etch mask. Scanning tunneling microscopy experiments were performed to locate individual nanopillars and to investigate their field emission properties. Emission characteristics were obtained over a range of fixed separations from the nanopillar apex, allowing the empirical determination of the geometric field enhancement factors from the resulting Fowler–Nordheim plots. The geometric enhancement factors were found to increase dramatically for decreasing anode–cathode separation and the rate of increase is dependent on the nanopillar geometry.
Bit-depth expansion using Minimum Risk Based Classification (2012)

Bit-depth expansion is an art of converting low bit-depth image into high bit-depth image. Bit-depth of an image represents the number of bits required to represent an intensity value of the image. Bit-depth expansion is an important field since it directly affects the display quality. In this paper, we propose a novel method for bit-depth expansion which uses Minimum Risk Based Classification to create high bit-depth image. Blurring and other annoying artifacts are lowered in this method. Our method gives better objective (PSNR) and superior visual quality as compared to recently developed bit-depth expansion algorithms.
Frameless Stereotaxy for Pre-treatment Planning and Post-treatment Evaluation of Radiosurgery (1994)

In our centre, 111 patients have been treated with linear accelerator stereotactic radiosurgery. Angiographic, CT and MRI images are generated and the target coordinates calculated in 3 dimensions. For CT scanning, cross sections of perpendicular and oblique fiducial markers are seen. For follow-up CT scans done without the frame, a virtual frame is generated by means of a computer program that places fiducial markers on each CT scan cut, as if the patient had been wearing the OBT frame and the scan produced with the gantry parallel to the base of the frame. The position of the oblique marker may be calculated by knowing the thickness and position of each CT cut. Various natural fiducial markers (bony landmarks) are identified by coordinates in the scan with the patient wearing the real frame and in the scan with the virtual frame applied. A transformation matrix is utilized to establish the equivalence between the original CT scan with the real frame applied and subsequent scans without the real frame but with the virtual frame applied. In effect, the virtual frame is re-applied in exactly the same position as the real frame. Lesion measurements may then be duplicated and growth or regression accurately established. The uncertainty in this system of re-application residues in possible patient movement, CT scan slice thickness and inter-observer error in the identification of natural fiducial markers.
Leveraging feature models to configure virtual appliances (2012)

Cloud computing is a major trend in distributed computing environments. Software virtualization technologies allow cloud Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) providers to instantiate and run a large number of virtual appliances. However, one of the major challenges is to reduce the disk space footprint of such virtual appliances to improve their storage and transfer across cloud servers. In this paper, we propose to use a Software Product Line (SPL) approach and describe the virtual appliance as a set of common and variable elements modeled by means of Feature Model (FM). We describe a solution to reverse engineer a FM from a virtual appliance and we show how we take advantage of the SPL configuration mechanisms to significantly reduce the size of a virtual appliance.
Effects of Data-Link Modality and Display Redundancy on Pilot Performance: An Attentional Perspective (2003)

The effectiveness of three different data link interfaces, involving auditory, visual, and redundant presentation of Air Traffic Control (ATC) information, was evaluated in a single pilot general aviation simulator. Fifteen certified flight instructor pilots flew a Frasca flight simulator with full visual display of the outside world, through a series of ATC-instructed maneuvers, while scanning outside for traffic. ATC instructions, of various lengths, were delivered through a text based data link display, through synthesized voice (similar to the current system), or through a redundant voice-text format. Pilots read back the instructions and then complied with whatever maneuver was instructed, while monitoring for traffic. Visual scanning was measured. The results revealed that the visual display provided greatest accuracy of communications readback, and was least disruptive of both traffic monitoring and flight path tracking. The auditory-only condition was most disruptive of these tasks, in part because the pilot's visual attention was drawn into the cockpit for longer periods while note taking, when compared with the visual text display. The redundant display condition provided many of the same benefits as the visual-only display, but was not associated with better performance than that display, and was sometimes inferior to it. This resulted, in part, because the arrival of the discrete auditory communications appeared to disrupt performance of the ongoing visual flight task. Across all conditions, the pilots allocated approximately 60% of their visual attention to monitoring the instrument panel and their communications accuracy was degraded by the longer ATC instructions. The results are interpreted in terms of mechanisms of attention and working memory in information processing, and in terms of the pilot's task priority hierarchy.
Stain separation in digital bright field histopathology (2016)

Digital pathology employs images that were acquired by imaging thin tissue samples through a microscope. The preparation of a sample from a biopt to the glass slide entering the imaging device is done manually introducing large variability in the samples to be imaged. For visible contrast it is necessary to stain the samples prior to imaging. Different stains attach to different compounds elucidating the different cellular structures. Towards automatic analysis and for visual comparability there is a need to standardize the images to obtain consistent appearances regardless of the potential differences in sample preparation. A standard approach is to unmix the the various stains computationally, normalize each separate stain image and to recombine these. This paper describes a modification to a standard blind method for stain normalization. The performance is quantified in terms of annotated expert data. Theoretical analysis is presented to rationalize the new approach.