gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ophthalmohelioses and peripheral light focusing by the anterior eye (1994)

A coincidence of the locations of foci of scattered light in the anterior eye with the usual locations of common sun-related eye conditions has been observed. These phenomena may explain the pathogenesis of pterygium and the initial location of certain cortical lens opacities and eyelid malignancies. Human and bovine eyes were used to demonstrate that the anterior eye acts as a side-on lens system. Light incident at the temporal limbus can be concentrated at the nasal limbus or beyond or at the nasal crystalline lens equator. The main pathways of light are transcameral and this is demonstrated by the use of baffles. Although this phenomenon is obvious with visible light, focusing of light at 308nm can be demonstrated. Computer-assisted optical ray tracing in a standard human anterior segment model showed that the peak intensity at the distal limbus is approximately twenty times that of the incident light intensity. The degree of limbal focusing is determined by corneal shape and anterior chamber depth. Such light focusing may be particularly injurious to corneal and lenticular epithelial stem cells. These observations provide circumstantial evidence that peripheral refraction phenomena are involved in the pathogenesis of the anterior ophthalmohelioses. Adequate lateral protection of the eye from increasing ultraviolet insolation may be prudent.
Real-Time Control Systems with Delays (1998)

Contents Acknowledgments .......................... 7 1. Introduction ............................ 8 Outline of the Thesis and Publications .............. 9 2. Problem Formulation ....................... 13 2.1 Distributed Control ..................... 13 2.2 Networks ........................... 18 2.3 Clock Synchronization .................... 20 2.4 RelatedWork......................... 23 3. Modeling of Network Delays .................. 29 3.1 Network Modeled as Constant Delay ........... 29 3.2 Network Modeled as Delays Being Independent ..... 30 3.3 Network Modeled Using Markov Chain .......... 31 3.4 SamplingofSystemswithNetworkDelays........ 31 4. Experimental Delay Measurements .............. 35 4.1 CAN .............................. 35 4.2 EthernetNetwork ...................... 50 4.3 Summary ........................... 54 5. Analysis and Control with Independent Delays ...... 56 5.1 Cl
Arginyl-tRNA Synthetase from Escherichia coli. Influence of Arginine Biosynthetic Precursors on the Charging of Arginine-Acceptor tRNA with [14C]Arginine (1976)

The behaviour of arginyl-tRNA synthetase (EC 6.1.1.19) in the presence of the arginine biosynthetic precursors, argininosuccinate, ornithine and citrulline, was studied in several Escherichia coli K 12 strains and in E. coli W. The results of kinetic measurements with partially purified extracts indicate that the arginyl-tRNA synthetase of E. coli is not inhibited by the arginine precursors. The apparent affinity constant Km for arginine of the K12 enzyme is about 3.4μM in the absence and in the presence of these precursors, whereas the W enzyme exhibited an apparently slightly lowered Km and a decreased [14C]arginyl-tRNA equilibrium level in the presence of argininosuccinate. This however was shown to be due to isotopic dilution of [14C]arginine by non-radioactive amino acid formed from argininosuccinate by argininosuccinate lyase (EC 4.3.2.1) contaminating the synthetase preparation. This finding emphasizes the necessity of using pure arginyl-tRNA synthetase in order to study the possible regulatory involvement of this enzyme in the control of the arginine regulon in vitro.
Microarchitectural implications of event-driven server-side web applications (2015)

Enterprise Web applications are moving towards server-side scripting using managed languages. Within this shifting context, event-driven programming is emerging as a crucial programming model to achieve scalability. In this paper, we study the microarchitectural implications of server-side scripting, JavaScript in particular, from a unique event-driven programming model perspective. Using the Node.js framework, we come to several critical microarchitectural conclusions. First, unlike traditional server-workloads such as CloudSuite and BigDataBench that are based on the conventional thread-based execution model, event-driven applications are heavily single-threaded, and as such they require significant single-thread performance. Second, the single-thread performance is severely limited by the front-end inefficiencies of today's server processor microarchitecture, ultimately leading to overall execution inefficiencies. The front-end inefficiencies stem from the unique combination of limited intra-event code reuse and large inter-event reuse distance. Third, through a deep understanding of event-specific characteristics, architects can mitigate the front-end inefficiencies of the managed-language-based event-driven execution via a combination of instruction cache insertion policy and prefetcher.
Complex Consisting of β-Glucan and Antigenic Peptides with Cleavage Site for Glutathione and Aminopeptidases Induces Potent Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (2017)

The efficient induction of antigen-specific immune responses requires not only promotion of the uptake of antigens and adjuvant molecules into antigen-presenting cells but also control of their intracellular behavior. We previously demonstrated that the β-glucan schizophyllan (SPG) can form complexes with CpG oligonucleotides with attached dA<sub>40</sub> (CpG-dA/SPG), which can accumulate in macrophages in the draining inguinal lymph nodes and induce strong immune responses. In this study, we prepared various conjugates composed of antigenic peptide (OVA<sub>257-264</sub>) and dA<sub>40</sub> and made complexes with SPG. The conjugates with a disulfide bond between OVA<sub>257-264</sub> and dA<sub>40</sub> were easily cleaved by glutathione. The resultant peptides with a hydrophobic amino acid at the C-terminal end was recognized by puromycin-insensitive leucine aminopeptidase (PILS-AP), which trims antigenic peptide precursors and prepares peptides of eight or nine amino acids in length, which is the optimal length for binding to major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I. The conjugate exposed to such enzymes induced a high antigen presentation level. The antigen presentation level was almost the same before and after the complexation with SPG. Immunization with a mixture of dA-OVA<sub>257-264</sub>/SPG and CpG-dA/SPG induced high antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity at a much lower peptide dose than in previous studies. These results can be strongly ascribed to not only the cell-specific delivery by SPG but also the control of the intracellular behavior by the introduction of cleavage sites. Therefore, peptide-dA/SPG complexes could be used as potent vaccine antigens for the treatment of cancers and infectious diseases.
Progressive alignment with Cactus: a multiple-genome aligner for the thousand-genome era (2019)

Abstract Cactus, a reference-free multiple genome alignment program, has been shown to be highly accurate, but the existing implementation scales poorly with increasing numbers of genomes, and struggles in regions of highly duplicated sequence. We describe progressive extensions to Cactus that enable reference-free alignment of tens to thousands of large vertebrate genomes while maintaining high alignment quality. We show that Cactus is capable of scaling to hundreds of genomes and beyond by describing results from an alignment of over 600 amniote genomes, which is to our knowledge the largest multiple vertebrate genome alignment yet created. Further, we show improvements in orthology resolution leading to downstream improvements in annotation.
Design of active filters independent of first-and second-order operational amplifier time constant effects (1981)

A practical method of designing active filters in which the transfer function is independent of both first- and second-order operational amplifier time constant effects is presented. Neither matched operational amplifiers nor a tuning procedure dependent on an active parameter is required. The active portion of these filters is universal and readily integrable since it is comprised of conventional operational amplifiers and resistors. The method can be used to design a filter with any realizable transfer function of any order. Several new filters obtained from this method are introduced and evaluated both theoretically and experimentally. These configurations contain popular passive structures and the new universal active circuits. The significant improvements in filter performance of these new filters is demonstrated in this evaluation.
MEPE-Derived ASARM Peptide Inhibits Odontogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Impairs Mineralization in Tooth Models of X-Linked Hypophosphatemia (2013)

Mutations in PHEX (phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on the X-chromosome) cause X-linked familial hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH), a disorder having severe bone and tooth dentin mineralization defects. The absence of functional PHEX leads to abnormal accumulation of ASARM (acidic serine- and aspartate-rich motif) peptide - a substrate for PHEX and a strong inhibitor of mineralization - derived from MEPE (matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein) and other matrix proteins. MEPE-derived ASARM peptide accumulates in tooth dentin of XLH patients where it may impair dentinogenesis. Here, we investigated the effects of ASARM peptides in vitro and in vivo on odontoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization. Dental pulp stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) were seeded into a 3D collagen scaffold, and induced towards odontogenic differentiation. Cultures were treated with synthetic ASARM peptides (phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated) derived from the human MEPE sequence. Phosphorylated ASARM peptide inhibited SHED differentiation in vitro, with no mineralized nodule formation, decreased odontoblast marker expression, and upregulated MEPE expression. Phosphorylated ASARM peptide implanted in a rat molar pulp injury model impaired reparative dentin formation and mineralization, with increased MEPE immunohistochemical staining. In conclusion, using complementary models to study tooth dentin defects observed in XLH, we demonstrate that the MEPE-derived ASARM peptide inhibits both odontogenic differentiation and matrix mineralization, while increasing MEPE expression. These results contribute to a partial mechanistic explanation of XLH pathogenesis: direct inhibition of mineralization by ASARM peptide leads to the mineralization defects in XLH teeth. This process appears to be positively reinforced by the increased MEPE expression induced by ASARM. The MEPE-ASARM system can therefore be considered as a potential therapeutic target.
Growth of InAsSb quantum wells for long-wavelength (∼4 μm) lasers (1995)

Molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) has been employed for the growth of quantum-well laser structures grown on GaSb substrates. These lasers consist of compressively strained InAsSb wells, tensile-strained InAlAsSb barriers, and lattice-matched AlAsSb cladding layers. A broad-stripe diode laser with an emission wavelength of 3.9 μm has operated cw up to 123 K, with a characteristic temperature T0 of 30 K. Optical pumping of this laser structure has provided pulsed operation up to 162 K, with a peak output power of up to ∼0.6 W at 110 K. Emission wavelengths as long as 4.5 μm have been obtained in other laser structures with InAlAs barriers. In this article we present the key issues regarding the MBE growth of long-wavelength strained quantum-well lasers on GaSb, including shutter sequencing for interface control, analysis of characterization data, and laser results, with a comparison to double-heterostructure devices.
Design and fabrication of broadband graded ultrasonic transducers with rectangular kerfs (2005)

Broadband ultrasound imaging is capable of achieving superior resolution in clinical applications. An effective and easy way of manufacturing broadband transducers is desired for these applications. In this work, a graded material in which the piezoelectric plate is mechanically graded with rectangular grooves is introduced. Finite element analysis (FEA) demonstrated that the graded piezoelectric material could achieve a broadband, time-domain response resulting from multiple resonant modes. Experimental tests were carried out to validate these theoretical results. Based upon the FEA designs, several single-element transducers were fabricated using either a nondiced ceramic or a diced, graded ceramics. A superior bandwidth of 92% was achieved by the graded transducer when compared to a bandwidth of 56% produced by the nondiced ceramic transducer at the expense of a reduced sensitivity.
CernVM: Minimal maintenance approach to virtualization (2011)

CernVM is a virtual software appliance designed to support the development cycle and provide a runtime environment for the LHC experiments. It consists of three key components that differentiate it from more traditional virtual machines: a minimal Linux Operating System (OS), a specially tuned file system designed to deliver application software on demand, and contextualization tools that provide a means to easily customize and configure CernVM instances for different tasks and user communities. In this contribution we briefly describe the most important use cases for virtualization in High Energy Physics (HEP), CernVM key components and discuss how end-to-end systems corresponding to these use cases can be realized using CernVM.
Structure of a new antioxidative phenolic diterpene isolated from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) (1982)

A new antioxidant, phenolic diterpene, named rosmanol, was isolated from the leaves of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). Its structure has been determined as 7β,11,12-trihydroxy-6,10-(epoxymethano)abieta-8,11,13-trien-20-one on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence. In addition, all the protons of rosmanol (II) as well as carnosol (I), including the methylene protons of the A ring, were analyzed by 400 MHz 1-NMR.
Parallel Kinetic Resolutions (2000)

More efficient than traditional kinetic resolution for the synthesis of enantiomerically enriched compounds, parallel kinetic resolution—where the less reactive enantiomer is removed during the course of the reaction—is increasingly being used. This contribution highlights some of the recent exciting developments in this area.
Visible-Light-Triggered Directly Reductive Arylation of Carbonyl/Iminyl Derivatives through Photocatalytic PCET (2017)

The first visible-light-mediated radical-radical cross-coupling strategy that enables the direct arylation of carbonyl/iminyl derivatives in the presence of Et<sub>3</sub>N has been realized. Such an atom-economical protocol furnishes a broad scope of arylation products such as secondary/tertiary alcohols and amines via a PCET process that facilitates the challenging reduction of C═X (X = O, N). Mechanistic investigation indicates two photocatalytic redox cycles were involved in the process, and Et<sub>3</sub>N was proved to serve as a dual reductant and proton donor. Moreover, the isolated byproducts and controlled experiments could be considered as powerful supporting evidence for our hypothesis.
Structure—Activity Relationship Analysis of a Novel Necroptosis Inhibitor, Necrostatin‐5 (VIa). (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Image Segmentation Using Active Contours Driven by the Bhattacharyya Gradient Flow (2007)

This paper addresses the problem of image segmentation by means of active contours, whose evolution is driven by the gradient flow derived from an energy functional that is based on the Bhattacharyya distance. In particular, given the values of a photometric variable (or of a set thereof), which is to be used for classifying the image pixels, the active contours are designed to converge to the shape that results in maximal discrepancy between the empirical distributions of the photometric variable inside and outside of the contours. The above discrepancy is measured by means of the Bhattacharyya distance that proves to be an extremely useful tool for solving the problem at hand. The proposed methodology can be viewed as a generalization of the segmentation methods, in which active contours maximize the difference between a finite number of empirical moments of the "inside" and "outside" distributions. Furthermore, it is shown that the proposed methodology is very versatile and flexible in the sense that it allows one to easily accommodate a diversity of the image features based on which the segmentation should be performed. As an additional contribution, a method for automatically adjusting the smoothness properties of the empirical distributions is proposed. Such a procedure is crucial in situations when the number of data samples (supporting a certain segmentation class) varies considerably in the course of the evolution of the active contour. In this case, the smoothness properties of the empirical distributions have to be properly adjusted to avoid either over- or underestimation artifacts. Finally, a number of relevant segmentation results are demonstrated and some further research directions are discussed.
<i>In vitro</i> development of inner cell masses isolated immunosurgically from mouse blastocysts: I. Inner cell masses from 3·5-day <i>p</i>.<i>c</i>. blastocysts incubated for 24 h before immunosurgery (1978)

ABSTRACT This paper describes the in vitro development of inner cell masses isolated immunosurgically from mouse blastocysts which had been collected on 3 ·5 days p.c. and then incubated for 24 h. The inner cell masses continue to grow in culture and develop through a series of stages with increasing complexity of internal organization. By day 1 all of the cultured ICMs have an outer layer of endoderm, and by day 3 some of them have two distinct kinds of inside cells; a columnar epithelial layer and a thin hemisphere of elongated cells. Later, mesodermal cells appear to delaminate from a limited region of the columnar layer, close to where it forms a junction with the thinner cells. By day 5, about 25 % of the cultured ICMs have a striking resemblance to normal 7 ·5-day p.c. C3H embryos, with embryonic ectoderm, extra-embryonic ectoderm and chorion, embryonic and extra-embryonic mesoderm, and visceral endoderm. When mechanically disrupted and grown as attached clumps of cells in a tissue dish, these embryo-like structures give rise to trophoblast-like giant cells. These results suggest that the inner cell mass of 4 ·5-day p.c. blastocysts contains cells which can give rise to trophoblast dérivâtes in culture.
Photodegradation of rigid PVC formulations. II. Spectral sensitivity to light‐induced yellowing by polychromatic light (1989)

Abstract The wavelength sensitivity of a compounded extruded rigid poly(vinyl chloride) formulation to yellowing under exposure to filtered xenon radiation is determined using a cut‐on filter technique. Spectral sensitivity of the formulation in the absence and the presence of 2.5 phr of rutile titanium dioxide was examined, and the results were compared to those previously reported for the yellowing of an identical vinyl formulation exposed to monochromatic light. Maximum in the activated spectrum for yellowing under exposure to filtered xenon radiation was found to be in the wavelength region 300–320 nm for both types of samples. The results agreed qualitatively with those previously obtained in the study of the same material exposed to monochromatic light.
Construction of virtual world using dynamics modules and interaction modules (2002)

Recently force-feedback has been recognized to be important for virtual reality systems, and many studies have been done in this field. Although we have proposed several methods for displaying the operating feel of a virtual object by considering its dynamics, we have not dealt with cases of multiple objects or operators. In more advanced applications of haptic virtual reality, however, multiple operators and multiple objects will generally exist in the virtual world. In this paper, we propose a systematic method of constructing a virtual world by combining the dynamics modules and interaction modules, the former denoting elements of the virtual world (virtual objects or operators) and the latter denoting interactions between them. Since this method makes it possible to regard those elements as equal, we can construct a flexible and extendable virtual world to which we can easily add new elements or remove some of its elements. An experimental result using a prototype force display system shows the validity of the proposed method.
Aerodynamics - Control of Surface Shear Stress of Fluctuations in Turbulent Boundary Layers. (1981)

An experimental study of techniques for modifying the surface shear stress, both mean and fluctuating, in turbulent boundary layers is reported. The surface shear along the test section of a 45.7cm square wind tunnel, with a downstream expansion section, was determined by means of surface-hot-wire-heat-transfer-gauges. Turbulent boundary layers in both zero and adverse pressure gradients were evaluated. The mean and fluctuating surface shear in a zero pressure gradient can be effectively reduced by employing a set of closely spaced fins. The fins protruded from the surface up through the sublayer. The fins produced an effective momentum defect for the boundary layer near the surface, which reduced the surface shear fluctuations by as much as 75 percent, two boundary layer thicknesses downstream, and 52 percent 15 boundary layer thicknesses downstream (the limit of the present experiment). The mean surface shear was also reduced by 35 to 25 percent for the same 2 to 15 boundary thicknesses downstream. The fins do not appear to produce a large increase in the thickness of the layer. No small size device, which could be mounted in the sublayer, was found that could develope a persistent increase in either the mean or fluctuating surface shear. Small scale vortex generators had no measureable effect on the flow for downstream distances greater than approximately 4 to 5 boundary layer thicknesses. Only the large scale vortex generator, normally use to delay boundary layer separation, produced an increase in surface shear at large distances downstream. (Author)