gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bridging inter-flow and intra-flow Network Coding for video applications: Testbed description and performance evaluation (2013)

Network Coding (NC) for Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) has received a lot of attention from the research community in recent years due to its ability to provide higher throughput, reliability, and efficiency in the use of the available wireless spectrum. NC has had two main research lines focused on inter-flow and intra-flow coding. However, these two domains have historically been studied separately. This paper proposes a testbed implementation of CORE, the first protocol to bridge both approaches such that the structure of intra-flow coding can be exploited during inter-flow coding to both enhance reliability, common of the former, while maintaining an efficient spectrum usage, typical of the latter. This paper uses the intuition provided in [1] to propose a practical implementation of the protocol leveraging Random Linear Network Coding (RLNC) for intra-flow coding, a credit based packet transmission approach to decide how much and when to send redundancy in the network, and a minimalistic feedback mechanism to guarantee delivery of generations of the different flows. Given the delay constraints of video applications, we proposed a simple yet effective coding mechanism, Block Coding On The Fly (BCFly), that allows a block encoder to be fed on-the-fly, thus reducing the delay to accumulate enough packets that is introduced by typical generation based NC techniques. Our measurements and comparison to forwarding and COPE show that CORE not only outperforms these schemes even for small packet losses, but that the gains can be of five fold and two orders of magnitude, respectively, for higher packet losses.
A rapid microwave‐<i>in situ</i> hybridization method for the definitive diagnosis of oral hairy leukoplakia: comparison with immunohistochemistry (1996)

As a diagnostic technique, in situ hybridization requires a long processing time, a degree of expertise and may be difficult to handle routinely in some laboratories. To simplify the in situ hybridization method, we have modified a microwave in situ hybridization technique and applied it to oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) biopsies obtained from 10 HIV-seropositive patients (definitively diagnosed by a conventional in situ hybridization technique) with appropriate controls. It was necessary to design a novel chamber to avoid drying of sections during the hybridization step. This modified microwave in situ hybridization technique was equispecific and equisensitive to the conventional technique and it shortens the hybridization time from overnight incubation to 14 minutes. To determine the sensitivity of our microwave in situ hybridization method we applied it to previously documented tongue tissue obtained from an AIDS autopsy without clinical evidence of OHL, but found to contain Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) by conventional in situ hybridization. This tissue specimen acted as a low EBV copy number, positive control. The sensitivity of immunohistochemistry using three different commercial detection kits was compared to that of in situ hybridization on the same tissues, following optimisation steps. This included the use of 2 cycles of primary and biotinylated secondary antibodies (antibody double cycling). Clearly positive signals for EBV were detected in all OHL biopsies with the Vectastain Elite ABC and the Histostain-SP kits. The sensitivity of the three commercial detection kits was evaluated at immunohistochemistry level by their application to the low-EBV copy number positive control specimen. Signals for EBV antigen in the low copy number positive control specimen were obtained only with the Vectastain Elite ABC kit. This indicates that, in this application, use of the Vectastain Elite ABC kit gives comparable sensitivity for immunohistochemistry to that found by in situ hybridiation.
Mechanistic Aspects of a Highly Regioselective Catalytic Alkene Hydroformylation using a Rhodium Chelating Bis(phosphite) Complex (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanistic Aspects of a Highly Regioselective Catalytic Alkene Hydroformylation using a Rhodium Chelating Bis(phosphite) ComplexBahram Moasser, Wayne L. Gladfelter, and D. Christopher RoeCite this: Organometallics 1995, 14, 8, 3832–3838Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00008a034https://doi.org/10.1021/om00008a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views619Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Salivary mucins in host defense and disease prevention (2015)

Mucus forms a protective coating on wet epithelial surfaces throughout the body that houses the microbiota and plays a key role in host defense. Mucins, the primary structural components of mucus that creates its viscoelastic properties, are critical components of the gel layer that protect against invading pathogens. Altered mucin production has been implicated in diseases such as ulcerative colitis, asthma, and cystic fibrosis, which highlights the importance of mucins in maintaining homeostasis. Different types of mucins exist throughout the body in various locations such as the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and female genital tract, but this review will focus on mucins in the oral cavity. Salivary mucin structure, localization within the oral cavity, and defense mechanisms will be discussed. These concepts will then be applied to present what is known about the protective function of mucins in oral diseases such as HIV/AIDS, oral candidiasis, and dental caries.
Grain Size Control of Mesoporous Silica and Formation of Bimodal Pore Structures (2004)

The architecture of mesoporous silica was successfully controlled by adjusting the concentrations of a cationic surfactant and ammonia. An excess amount of the surfactant suppressed the grain growth and then induced the formation of small grains with a diameter below 20 nm. Consequently, assembly of the small-sized grains produced a bimodal pore structure consisting of framework mesopores of 2-3 nm and textural mesopores ranging over 10-100 nm.
Sex Attraction in the Japanese Beetle13 (1970)

Journal Article Sex Attraction in the Japanese Beetle Get access T. L. Ladd, Jr. T. L. Ladd, Jr. Entomology Research Division, Agr. Res. Serv., USDA, Moorestown, New Jersey 08057 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 63, Issue 3, 1 June 1970, Pages 905–908, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/63.3.905 Published: 01 June 1970 Article history Received: 08 September 1969 Published: 01 June 1970
Continuum Modeling of Bulk Metallic Glasses and Composites (2010)

At low temperatures, monolithic bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) exhibit high strength and large elasticity limits. On the other hand, BMGs lack overall ductility due to highly localized deformation mechanisms. Recent experimental findings suggest that the problem of catastrophic failure by shear band propagation in BMGs can be mitigated by tailoring microstructural features at different length scales to promote more homogeneous plastic deformation. Herein, based on a continuum approach, we present a quantitative analysis of the effects of microstructure on the deformation behavior of monolithic BMGs and BMG composites. In particular, simulations highlight the importance of short-ranged structural correlations on ductility in monolithic BMGs and demonstrate that particle size controls the ductility of BMG composites. In broader terms, our results provide new avenues for further improvements to the mechanical properties of BMGs.
Microstructure and tacticity in radical copolymerization II Stereochemical configuration of styrene‐methyl methacrylate copolymers synthesized in solution (1980)

Abstract The composition and stereochemical configuration of methyl methacrylate‐styrene copolymers obtained in benzene, chlorobenzene and benzonitrile has been evaluated by 1 H‐NMR spectroscopy. The methyl methacrylate centered triad fractions in the copolymers have been calculated on the basis of the previously reported methoxy signal assignments. The results obtained are discussed taking into consideration the variation in the polarity of solvents; they make it possible to state that the presence of solvents not only affects the kinetic parameters but also changes the composition and the stereochemical configuration of monomer sequences in the copolymers.
Proteomic analysis of the secretome of Leishmania donovani (2008)

This analysis shows that protein secretion by L. donovani is a heterogeneous process that is unlikely to be determined by a classical amino-terminal secretion signal. As an alternative, L. donovani appears to use multiple nonclassical secretion pathways, including the release of exosome-like microvesicles.
Tissue impedance and current flow in the implanted ear. Implications for the cochlear prosthesis. (1982)

Tissue impedance was measured in the cochleas of monkeys and guinea pigs implanted with electrode arrays. The impedances were measured within the scala tympani and between the scala tympani and the internal auditory meatus of the modiolus. The measurements revealed several impedance properties. 1) The impedances inside and outside of the scala tympani are resistive for frequencies between 8 Hz and 12.5 kHz. 2). The impedances measured between the scala tympani and the internal auditory meatus were larger in magnitude than the impedances measured in the scala tympani. 3) Impedance was not affected significantly by changing stimulus current flow from 0.45 to 45 microA rms. 4) Impedance magnitude increased rapidly by different factors inside and outside the scala tympani after sacrifice of the subject animals. Measurements of the tissue impedance made in conjunction with measurements of threshold of response to electrical stimulation revealed that the threshold of response to electrical stimuli was lowest when the stimulating currents were highest outside the scala tympani. We conclude that the excitable elements of the auditory nerve are being stimulated within the modiolus rather than within the scala tympani.
The Gas‐Detection Properties of Light‐Emitting Diatoms (2008)

Abstract In recent years, the porous silica structures (frustules) created by living diatoms have been studied for several nanoengineering applications based on biomimetic approaches. We focus on the gas‐sensing properties of diatoms: investigation of different species shows that the photoluminescence emission of frustules is affected by even small modifications of the surrounding gas environment, exhibiting a detection limit of few tenths of ppm in the case of nitrogen dioxide. A new understanding of this phenomenon is discussed here in terms of “static‐type” luminescence quenching through suppression of radiative states (most probably surface oxygen vacancies) induced by adsorption of gas molecules. The modeling allows the free energy of desorption to be measured by all‐optical means: the value obtained suggests that a chemisorption process is involved, in agreement with the observed absorption/desorption kinetics. The findings encourage investigation of diatoms as low‐cost biological transducers for detection of gas species.
Respiratory disease and virus shedding in rhesus macaques inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 (2020)

An outbreak of a novel coronavirus, now named SARS-CoV-2, causing respiratory disease and a ~2% case fatality rate started in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Following unprecedented rapid global spread, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Although data on disease in humans are emerging at a steady pace, certain aspects of the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 can only be studied in detail in animal models, where repeated sampling and tissue collection is possible. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 causes respiratory disease in infected rhesus macaques, with disease lasting 8-16 days. Pulmonary infiltrates, a hallmark of human disease, were visible in lung radiographs of all animals. High viral loads were detected in swabs from the nose and throat of all animals as well as in bronchoalveolar lavages; in one animal we observed prolonged rectal shedding. Taken together, the rhesus macaque recapitulates moderate disease observed in the majority of human cases. The establishment of the rhesus macaque as a model of COVID-19 will increase our understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease and will aid development and testing of medical countermeasures.
Superplasticity in Metals and Ceramics (1997)

This 1997 book describes advances in the field of superplasticity. This is the ability of certain materials to undergo very large tensile strains, a phenomenon that has increasing commercial applications, but also presents a fascinating scientific challenge in attempts to understand the physical mechanisms that underpin it. The authors emphasise the materials aspects of superplasticity. They begin with a brief history of the phenomenon. This is followed by a description of the two major types of superplasticity - fine-structure and internal-stress superplasticity - together with a discussion of their operative mechanisms. In addition, microstructural factors controlling the ductility and fracture in superplastic materials are presented. The observations of superplasticity in metals (including aluminium, magnesium, iron, titanium and nickel), ceramics (including monoliths and composites), intermetallics (including iron, nickel, and titanium base), and laminates are thoroughly described. The technological and commercial applications of superplastic forming and diffusion bonding are presented and examples given.
Flame Retarding of Wood by Chemical Modification with Bromate-Bromide Solutions (1997)

In spite of the extensive and diversified uses of wood and wood products for millenia, there are still a number of basic deficiencies of these pro ducts which limit their use and pose difficult and as yet not satisfactorily solved problems to the engineer and consumer. The most prominent of these problems are: flammability, dimensional stability, and fungal attack. Review of work carried out at the Israel Fiber Institute indicates that treating solid timber and polywood with acidified bromate-bromide solutions is capable of overcoming these deficiencies to a large extent. The treatment is carried out in autoclaves with application of vacuum and pressure. The lignin component of the wood is brominated in the solid state by the treatment solution with a high yield of bromine. The mechanical properties of the treated products are un changed. The treatment is stable to prolonged leaching, aging, and storage. Water absorption and swelling are drastically decreased-dimensional stabi lization. The brominated products are shown not to be attacked by wood fungi.
Relative Cariostatic Effects of KOH-soluble and KOH-insoluble Fluoride in situ (1990)

The relative cariostatic effects of fluoride as fluorapatite, CaF2, loosely-bound fluoride, or KOH-soluble fluoride are debated. The present study was carried out to investigate this further in an intra-oral caries model. Pairs of premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons were used. Enamel from one tooth of each pair was used as control (untreated). Two slabs were cut from the enamel of the other contralateral premolar. These slabs were treated with 2% NaF for 24 h. One slab was then treated with 1 mol/L KOH twice for 24 h for removal of all loosely-bound fluoride. The slabs treated with 2% NaF and then with 1 mol/L KOH would contain the KOH-insoluble fluoride. Those treated with only 2% NaF would, in addition, contain KOH-soluble fluoride. Each slab, control, KOH-insoluble F, and KOH-soluble and insoluble F was mounted on different upper removable appliances. The slabs were covered with orthodontic banding material, thus allowing space for plaque accumulation. Five individuals wore the appliance in three separate four-week periods. The slabs were analyzed by quantitative microradiography. The average mineral loss (delta Z) was 1680 +/- 1000 vol% x microns in the control teeth, 620 +/- 76 vol% x microns in the KOH-soluble and -insoluble F teeth, and 2167 +/- 1278 vol% x microns in the KOH-insoluble F teeth. The average lesion depths were 90 +/- 41 microns in the control teeth, 35.3 +/- 5.5 microns in the KOH-soluble F teeth, and 88 +/- 35 microns in the KOH-insoluble F teeth. It was concluded that only KOH-soluble fluoride reduced mineral loss and lesion depths significantly, compared with the untreated teeth.
The effects of bergapten and sunlight on cutaneous pigmentation (1989)

• The effects of bergapten-containing preparations in sunlight-induced skin pigmentation were evaluated. Oil and lotion vehicles with bergapten/UV-B sunscreen or sunscreen alone were applied to the backs of subjects twice weekly for 4 weeks and the subjects were exposed to gradually increasing doses of midday sunlight. The degree of skin darkening was assessed by clinical examination, reflectometry, and light microscopy of skin biopsy specimens. At 5 weeks, 1 week after the last sunlight exposure, the sites treated with either the bergapten/UV-B sunscreen lotion or the lotion vehicle were significantly darker than the sites treated with the sunscreen lotions without bergapten. Oil preparations produced less clearcut results, possibly because of a less potent sunscreen or because the bergapten did not leave the vehicle and absorb into the epidermis. In type I skin, the bergapten/ sunscreen and the oil vehicle alone produced the same amount of tanning; both yielded more tanning than the sunscreen in oil by clinical examination. The findings were not confirmed by reflectometry or by light microscopy. Thus, we conclude that bergapten added to a UV-B sunscreen lotion preparation can increase skin pigmentation over the sunscreen alone when one is exposed to sunlight. The bergapten/UV-B sunscreen combination is a potentially useful product since one can develop a psoralen and UV-A-induced tan while being protected from UV-B-induced sunburn by the UV-B sunscreen incorporated into the formulation. (<i>Arch Dermatol</i>. 1989;125:1225-1230)
Relations between Quenching Rate and Electrochemical Characteristics of Mm (NiCoMnA1) 5Bx (x=0 (2004)

[1]Smith G, Goudy A J. Thermodynamics, kinetics and modeling studies of the LaNi5-x Cox hydride system[J]. J. Alloys and Comp. , 2001, 316:93. [2]Li Ping, Wang Xinlin, Zhang Yanghuan, et al. Research on electrochemical characteristics and microstructure of Mm(NiMnA1) 4.9Co0.2 rapidly quenched alloy [J]J. Alloys and Comp., 2003, 353: 278. [3]Rozdzynska Kielbik B, Iwasieczko W, Drulis H, et al. Hydrogenation equilibria characteristics of LaNi5-x Znx intermetallics[J]. J. Alloys and Comp. , 2000,298: 237. [4]Meli F, Zuttel A, Schlapbach L. Surface and bulk properties of LaNi5-x Six alloys from the viewpoint of battery applications [J]. J. Alloys and Comp. , 1992,190: 17. [5]Daniel Chartouni, Felix Meli, Andreas Zuttel, et al.The influence of cobalt on the electrochemical cycling stability of LaNi5-xbased hydride forming alloys[J].J. Alloys and Comp. , 1996, 241: 160. [6]Li Chuanjian, Wang Xinlin, Wang Chongyu. Characterization of MmNi3.6 Co0.75 Mn0. 55 Al0. 1 alloys prepared by casting and quenching techniques[J]. J. Power Sources, 1998, 74: 62. [7]Zhou Yu, Lei, Luo Yongchun, et al. Activation of hydrogen-storage electrode alloy M1 ( Ni, Co, Mn, Ti) 5produced by gas atomization[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 1996, 32(8): 857. [8]Bowman Jr. R C, Witham C, Fultz B, et al. Hydriding behavior of gas-atomized AB5 alloys [J]. J. Alloys and Comp. , 1997, 253-254: 613. [9]Wu Maosung, Wu Hongsong, Wang Yungyun, et al.Surface treatment for hydrogen storage alloy of nickel/metal hydride battery[J]. J. Alloys and Comp.,2000, 302: 248. [10]Ye H, Zhang H, WuWQ, etal. Influence of the boron additive on the structure, thermodynamics and electrochemical properties of the MmNi3.55Co0.75Mn0.4Al0.3 hydrogen storage alloy[J]. J. Alloys and Comp. , 2000, 312: 68. [11]Mishima R, Miyamura H, Sakai T, et al. Hydrogen storage alloys rapidly solidified by the melt-spinning method and their characteristics as metal hydride electrodes [J]. J. Alloys and Comp., 1993, 192: 176. [12]Lei Y Q, Zhou Y, Luo Y C. Preparation and electrochem
Perspectives for the management of febrile neutropenic patients with cancer in the 21st century (2005)

Over the past several decades, there has been substantial progress in the management of patients with febrile neutropenia. However, the ever-changing patterns of infection, ecology, and antibiotic-resistance trends do not allow the development of treatment guidelines that could be applied universally. Hence, the institution's predominant pathogens and resistance patterns should guide the empirical choice of antimicrobials. Prompt initiation of antimicrobial therapy remains the gold standard. Monotherapy with the newer broad-spectrum antimicrobials has tended to replace the classic combination therapy. Empirical administration of glycopeptides, such as vancomycin, without documentation of a gram-positive infection is not favored. The development of risk-stratification models has allowed for identification of low-risk patients with additional treatment options, such as early discharge and exclusively outpatient treatment with oral antimicrobials. The initiation of empirical antifungal therapy in persistently febrile neutropenic patients has become common practice, especially recently, since the introduction of new, effective, less toxic antifungal drugs. It is hoped that the development of new nonculture-based diagnostic methods will allow for the early detection of invasive fungal infections and, thus, the replacement of empirical antifungal therapy with pathogen-specific, preemptive therapy.