gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contact hole size-reducing methods by using water-soluble organic over-coating material (WASOOM) as a barrier layer toward 0.15-μm contact hole: resist flow technique I (2000)

In our experiment for 0.15 micrometer contact hole, we used Water-soluble organic overcoating material (WASOOM) as a barrier layer. Since WASOOM is water soluble, after baking for resist flow, water rinse will remove it completely. The key point of resist flow technique is to reduce overhang, in other words, reducing thermal stress at the top and bottom of resist pattern by WASOOM can lead to well-controlled DICD. Since WASOOM is water soluble and very compatible with resist, during resist flow, it is assumed that it will be acting as a barrier layer so that overhang should be reduced. In this paper we will describe below 0.2 micrometer contact hole pattern without overhang profile, well controlled DICD and fine etch profile. And also 0.15 micrometer contact hole patterning method will be described with half tone + resist flow by WASOOM. And also we will describe the application of SOG (Spin On Glass) for removing top flare after resist baking.
Fukiic and Piscidic Acid Esters from the Rhizome of<i>Cimicifuga racemosa</i>and the<i>in vitro</i>Estrogenic Activity of Fukinolic Acid (1999)

Hydroxycinnamic acid esters of fukiic acid and piscidic acid were isolated from a 50% ethanolic extract obtained from the rhizomes of Cimicifuga racemosa (Ranunculaceae). Besides 2-E-caffeoylfukiic acid (fukinolic acid), 2-E-feruloylfukiic acid (cimicifugic acid A), 2-E-isoferuloylfukiic acid (cimicifugic acid B), 2-E-feruloylpiscidic acid (cimicifugic acid E) and 2-E-isoferuloylpiscidic acid (cimicifugic acid F), free caffeic, ferulic and isoferulic acids were isolated. The estrogenic activity of fukinolic acid was shown by increased proliferation (126% at 5 x 10(-8) M) of an estrogen dependent MCF-7 cell system with reference to estradiol (120% at 10(-10) M).
The Fourier Transform and Its Applications (1966)

1 Introduction 2 Groundwork 3 Convolution 4 Notation for Some Useful Functions 5 The Impulse Symbol 6 The Basic Theorems 7 Obtaining Transforms 8 The Two Domains 9 Waveforms, Spectra, Filters and Linearity 10 Sampling and Series 11 The Discrete Fourier Transform and the FFT 12 The Discrete Hartley Transform 13 Relatives of the Fourier Transform 14 The Laplace Transform 15 Antennas and Optics 16 Applications in Statistics 17 Random Waveforms and Noise 18 Heat Conduction and Diffusion 19 Dynamic Power Spectra 20 Tables of sinc x, sinc2x, and exp(-71x2) 21 Solutions to Selected Problems 22 Pictorial Dictionary of Fourier Transforms 23 The Life of Joseph Fourier
Pharmacologically Active Acetylene Compounds. I.<sup>1,2</sup> Structural Modifications of Oxotremorine (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPharmacologically Active Acetylene Compounds. I.1,2 Structural Modifications of OxotremorineJohn L. Neumeyer, Urve V. Moyer, Janice A. Richman, Frank J. Rosenberg, and David G. TeigerCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1967, 10, 4, 615–620Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00316a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00316a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views64Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Material Progress and Ethics: A Pilgrimage Through Time (2016)

Extract: One way of characterising the history of civilisation's progress since the emergence of private property is as a history of conflict between unbridled self-interest and social ethics. So far as economic or material progress alone is concerned, self-interest (emanating from the animal instinct for self preservation) has been the dominant force. Given that material progress is meaningful for the human race as a whole only when it is subservient to social ethics, it is disconcerting to note that, in reality, what economic development has brought about seems quite the other way around.
A window protocol for transmission of time-constrained messages (1990)

The authors propose and study a window protocol suitable for transmitting time-constrained messages in a multiaccess network. The protocol differs from traditional window protocols in that it explicitly takes time constraints into account. The window is formed on the basis of the latest time to send a message (LS). A major advantage of the window protocol is that a newly arriving message is immediately considered for transmission if its LS is less than that of all pending messages in the system. As a result, the protocol closely approximates the optimal minimum-laxity-first policy. A performance evaluation through simulation shows that the protocol performs well in a wide range of environments, including under overloaded conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nanoparticle deposition in hydrogenated amorphous silicon films during rf plasma deposition (1996)

Particles of 2–14 nm diameter, representing 10−4–10−3 of the film volume, are observed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) in thin films of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) grown by rf-plasma-enhanced deposition using optimized conditions. The particles are produced in the discharge and incorporated in the film during growth, in contradiction to expected particle trapping by discharge sheath fields. The interfaces between the nanoparticles and the homogeneous film can produce low-density regions that form electronic defects in a-Si:H films.
Fructose Malabsorption is Associated with Decreased Plasma Tryptophan (2001)

Fructose malabsorption is associated with lower tryptophan levels that may play a role in the development of depressive disorders. High intestinal fructose concentration seems to interfere with L-tryptophan metabolism, and it may reduce availability of tryptophan for the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine). Fructose malabsorption should be considered in patients with symptoms of depression and disturbances of tryptophan metabolism.
Imidazo[4,5-f]quinolines. 2. A series of 9-(substituted amino)imidazo[4,5-f]quinolines as antitapeworm agents (1977)

The strong non-equilibrium conditions provided by the plasma phase offer the opportunity to beat traditional thermal process energy efficiencies via preferential excitation of molecular vibrations. Simple molecular physics considerations are presented to explain potential dissociation pathways in plasma and their effect on energy efficiency. A common microwave reactor approach is evaluated experimentally with Rayleigh scattering and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to assess gas temperatures (exceeding 104 K) and conversion degrees (up to 30%), respectively. The results are interpreted on a basis of estimates of the plasma dynamics obtained with electron energy distribution functions calculated with a Boltzmann solver. It indicates that the intrinsic electron energies are higher than is favorable for preferential vibrational excitation due to dissociative excitation, which causes thermodynamic equilibrium chemistry to dominate. The highest observed energy efficiencies of 45% indicate that non-equilibrium dynamics had been at play. A novel approach involving additives of low ionization potential to tailor the electron energies to the vibrational excitation regime is proposed
Green Emitter Copper Clusters as Highly Efficient and Reusable Visible Degradation Photocatalysts (2014)

Green emitter copper clusters (CuCLs) with a size of ≈1.5 nm can be used as very efficient and recyclable photocatalysts for the degradation of methylene blue, both in solution and supported onto glass surface showing a photocatalytic efficiency larger than that found with common semiconductors. These results open a new important potential way to overcome major difficulties found in the photocatalysis field with the common semiconductors.
Computation of character decompositions of class functions on compact semisimple Lie groups (1987)

A new algorithm is described for splitting class functions of an arbitrary semisimple compact Lie group K into sums of irreducible characters.The method is based on the use of elements of finite order (EFO) in K and is applicable to a number of problems, including decompositions of tensor products and various symmetry classes of tensors, as well as branching rules in group-subgroup reductions.The main feature is the construction of a decomposition matrix D, computed once and for all for a given range of problems and for a given K, which then reduces any particular splitting to a simple matrix multiplication.Determination of D requires selection of a suitable set S of conjugacy classes of EFO representing a finite subgroup of a maximal torus T of K and the evaluation of (Weyl group) orbit sums on S. In fact, the evaluation of D can be coupled with the evaluation of the orbit sums in such a way as to greatly enhance the efficiency of the latter.The use of the method is illustrated by some extensive examples of tensor product decompositions in E6.Modular arithmetic allows all computations to be performed exactly.
Interferon Regulatory Factors and TFIIB Cooperatively Regulate Interferon-Responsive Promoter Activity In Vivo and In Vitro (1996)

Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) bind to the interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) and regulate interferon- and virus-mediated gene expression. IRF-1 acts as a transcriptional activator, while IRF-2 acts as a repressor. Here we show that IRF-1 and IRF-2 bind to both cellular TFIIB, a component of the basal transcription machinery, and recombinant TFIIB (rTFIIB) and that this protein-protein interaction facilitates binding of IRFs to the ISRE. A functional interaction between TFIIB and IRF was assessed by a newly established in vitro transcription assay in which recombinant IRF-1 (rIRF-1) stimulated transcription specifically from an ISRE-containing template. With this assay we show that rIRF-1 and rTFIIB cooperatively enhance the ISRE promoter in vitro. We found that the activity of an ISRE-containing promoter was cooperatively enhanced upon cotransfection of TFIIB and IRF-1 cDNAs into P19 embryonal carcinoma cells, further demonstrating functional interactions in vivo. The cooperative enhancement by TFIIB and IRF-1 was independent of the TATA sequence in the ISRE promoter but dependent on the initiator sequence (Inr) and was abolished when P19 cells were induced to differentiate by retinoic acid treatment. In contrast, cotransfection of TFIIB and IRF-1 into NIH 3T3 cells resulted in a dose-dependent repression of promoter activation which occurred in a TATA-dependent manner. Our results indicate the presence of a cell type-specific factor that mediates the functional interaction between IRFs and TFIIB and that acts in conjunction with the requirement of TATA and Inr for promoter activation.
Optimization of landfill leachate management in the aftercare period (2012)

The management of sanitary landfills after closure is an important engineering, economic and sustainability issue and is referred to as the greatest unresolved landfill challenge. Most sanitary landfills are operated according to the dry tomb principle, resulting in aftercare periods of hundreds of years. To study landfill body behaviour, long-term leachate emissions were studied with anaerobic landfill simulators, and a forecast model was developed targeting the behaviour of NH(4)-N, COD and chlorides as a function of temperature and the L/S-ratio (liquid-to-solid). It was found that NH(4)-N is the decisive factor in leachate management, requiring the highest L/S-ratio (around 6) to meet the direct discharge limit values. Various scenarios were constructed to find optimal leachate management strategies both in large (waste height H = 25 m) and medium-sized landfills (H = 10 m) with corresponding temperature ranges. The results show that by minimizing the aftercare period length with leachate pre-treatment and recirculation, both sustainability and economic benefits can be achieved. The results provide new views on how to manage the long-term leachate aftercare problem. In the case of large landfills, further efforts are needed to reach stabilization within a reasonable time frame.
Optimization in multimodal interpretation (2004)

In a multimodal conversation, the way users communicate with a system depends on the available interaction channels and the situated context (e.g., conversation focus, visual feedback). These dependencies form a rich set of constraints from various perspectives such as temporal alignments between different modalities, coherence of conversation, and the domain semantics. There is strong evidence that competition and ranking of these constraints is important to achieve an optimal interpretation. Thus, we have developed an optimization approach for multimodal interpretation, particularly for interpreting multimodal references. A preliminary evaluation indicates the effectiveness of this approach, especially for complex user inputs that involve multiple referring expressions in a speech utterance and multiple gestures.
Time Based Personalization for the Moving User (2005)

Unlike desktop users, mobile users are a new and more demanding breed. Technology provided for the first group is often found lacking for the later. Personalization is such an example. The moving user differs from the desktop user in that his handheld device is truly personal. It roams with the user and allows him access to info and services at any given time from anywhere. As the moving user is not limited to a fix place and to a given time period, factors such as time and current experience becomes increasingly important for him. His context is now a function of time and experience and the goal of personalization is to match the local services to this context. In this paper we exploit the importance of time and experience in personalization for the moving user and present a system that anticipates and compensates the time-dependant shifting of user interests.
Link Regime and Power Savings of Decode-Forward Relaying in Fading Channels (2015)

In this paper, we re-examine the relay channel under the decode-forward (DF) strategy. Contrary to the established belief that block Markov coding is always the rate-optimal DF strategy, under certain channel conditions (a link regime), independent signaling between the source and relay achieves the same transmission rate without requiring coherent channel phase information. Furthermore, this independent signaling regime allows the relay to conserve power. As such, we design a composite DF relaying strategy that achieves the same rate as block Markov DF but with less required relay power. The finding is attractive from the link adaptation perspective to adapt relay coding and relay power according to the link state. We examine this link adaptation in fading under both perfect channel state information (CSI) and practical CSI in which nodes have perfect receive and long-term transmit CSI, and derive the corresponding relay power savings in both cases. We also derive the outage probability of the composite relaying scheme, which adapts the signaling to the link regime. Through simulation, we expose a tradeoff for relay placement showing that the relay conserves the most power when closer to the destination but achieves the most rate gain when closer to the source.
Macromol. Rapid Commun. 8/2012 (2012)

Back Cover: New amphiphic PE-PEO-PCL type triblock terpolymer as a single template can fabricate hierarchical mesoporous silica via the simple evaporation induced self-assembly method. Further details can be found in the article by Jheng-Guang Li, Ruei-Bin Lin, and Shiao-Wei Kuo* on page 678.
Hemin or butyrate increases constitutive erythropoietin formation by mouse erythroleukemia cell lines. (1993)

The murine erythroleukemic cell lines NN10 and IW32 secrete erythropoietin (Epo) constitutively. Although both cell lines have Epo receptors (Epo-R), they do not respond to external Epo to undergo erythroid differentiation. In both cell lines, hemoglobin synthesis can be induced by hemin or butyrate. We report here on the effects of these two inducers on Epo production by the same cell lines. Both hemin and butyrate caused a three- to five-fold increase in Epo secretion on a percell basis. The effects were dose- and time-dependent, as was found previously for hemoglobin synthesis. The mechanism of the effect on Epo secretion is posttranscriptional, since the steady-state level of Epo mRNA was not altered by the inducers.
Research on High Temperature and High Density White Oil Based Drilling Fluid and Its Application in Well 201H7-6 (2019)

As the depth and horizontal length of shale gas development wells increase, the requirement for the temperature resistance and the ability of the drilling fluids to stabilize the shale formation becomes higher. A new type of high temperature and high density white oil based drilling fluid system has been developed in laboratory. Research shows that the drilling fluid system has good rheological property, low filtration loss, strong anti-debris pollution capability and good plugging performance at high temperature and high density. The system has been successfully applied in the 201H7-6 well. Application results show that the drilling fluid rheology, high temperature and high pressure fluid loss and demulsification voltage meet the field requirements. The drilling fluid performance is stable in drilling an 1800 m horizontal section, and no stuck or shale swelling and wellbore collapsing are induced. It is the first well drilled successfully with domestic white oil-based drilling fluid in Zigong Region. It also sets several new records including the deepest well, the shortest drilling cycle, and the fastest drilling speed in that region, which provides valuable experience for the future drilling activities.
Conflicts Analysis for Inter-Enterprise Business Process Model (2003)

Business process (BP) management systems facilitate the understanding and execution of business processes, which tend to change frequently due to both internal and external change in an enterprise. Therefore, the needs for analysis methods to verify the correctness of business process model is becoming more prominent. One key element of such business process is its control flow. We show how a flow specification may contain certain structural conflicts that could compromise its correct execution. In general, identification of such conflicts is a computationally complex problem and requires development of effective algorithms specific for target system language. We present a verification approach and algorithm that employs condition reachable matrix to identify structural conflicts in inter-enterprise business process models. The main contribution of the paper is a new technology for identifying structural conflicts and satisfying well-defined correctness criteria in inter-enterprise business process models.
Observation of Quantum Jumps of a Single Quantum Dot Spin Using Submicrosecond Single-Shot Optical Readout (2014)

Single-shot readout of individual qubits is typically the slowest process among the elementary single- and two-qubit operations required for quantum information processing. Here, we use resonance fluorescence from a single-electron charged quantum dot to read out the spin-qubit state in 800 nanoseconds with a fidelity exceeding 80%. Observation of the spin evolution on longer time scales reveals quantum jumps of the spin state: we use the experimentally determined waiting-time distribution to characterize the quantum jumps.
Oral Manifestations of HIV Infection (1996)

Almost all patients with HIV infection will contract oral diseases. Guidelines for recognizing, diagnosing, and managing these conditions are presented. Most conditions can be treated or alleviated through the combined efforts of the physician and the dentist.
Projections révélatrices contrôlées recherche d'individus atypiques (2002)

En presence d'un tableau individus x variables, les methodes de projections revelatrices recherchent des projections exhibant au mieux d'eventuelles structures particulieres de la distribution des individus. Caussinus et Ruiz-Gazen ont propose a cet effet des analyses en composantes principales generalisees par un choix convenable de metriques. Dans cet article, nous rappelons la technique qu'ils preconisent pour la detection graphique et le positionnement d'individus (ou de petits groupes d'individus) atypiques. Nous montrons ensuite comment l'affiner a partir de resultats theoriques recents d'Hakam (2002): ceux-ci permettent de controler les projections significatives, c'est-a-dire la dimension a retenir et les decisions susceptibles d'etre tirees des graphiques obtenus. Des exemples (simule et reel) illustrent la methode et aident a en discuter la portee.
A fair and efficient multicast ATM switch based on deflection routing (2000)

We propose an efficient low cost multicast ATM switch which is fair to all inputs. The switch consists of a novel copy network followed by a routing network which ensures sequencing. Both the copy and routing networks are based on deflection routing. The switch requires O(log N) stages and can be designed for any arbitrarily low level of packet loss. Switching elements in both the copying and routing networks have O(1) bit complexity, making the overall bit level hardware complexity of the network O(N log N). The latency of the switch is proportional to the number of stages O(log N). Unlike other existing copy networks, our copy network drops packets in a fair manner and hence can provide QoS support. The switch is output queued and allows the delivery of multiple packets to the same destination during a time slot.
Mechanically tunable conjugated polymer distributed feedback lasers (2010)

Herein we report a low-threshold organic laser device based on semiconducting poly(9,9′-dioctylfluoren-2,7-diyl-alt-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) encapsulated in a mechanically stretchable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix. We take advantage of the natural flexibility of PDMS to alter the periodicity of the distributed feedback grating which in turn tunes the gain wavelength at which the resonant feedback is obtained. This way, we demonstrate that low-threshold lasing [6.1 μJ cm−2 (5.3 nJ)] is maintained over a large stretching range of 0%–7% which translates into a tuning range of about 20 nm.