gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A simple method for fabricating lines of 0.15-μ width using optical lithography (1979)

A ’’shadow deposition’’ technique using only optical lithography and conventional thin-film technology has been used to fabricate titanium lines with nominal widths of 0.15–0.30 μ on glass substrates. Each of these lines was produced by evaporating metal at an angle to a photoresist edge and utilizing the region ’’shadowed’’ from the evaporating atoms by the edge to form an in situ mask of submicron dimensions with highly correlated edges. Uniformly wide lines having tapered edges and widths less than 0.1 μ appear to be reliably attainable with this technique. It is expected that the method will be useful for making Josephson junctions and other devices employing titanium, niobium, or any other material that can be vapor deposited.
CD4 on CD8<sup>+</sup>T cells directly enhances effector function and is a target for HIV infection (2004)

Costimulation of purified CD8(+) T lymphocytes induces de novo expression of CD4, suggesting a previously unrecognized function for this molecule in the immune response. Here, we report that the CD4 molecule plays a direct role in CD8(+) T cell function by modulating expression of IFN-gamma and Fas ligand, two important CD8(+) T cell effector molecules. CD4 expression also allows infection of CD8 cells by HIV, which results in down-regulation of the CD4 molecule and impairs the induction of IFN-gamma, Fas ligand, and the cytotoxic responses of activated CD8(+) T cells. Thus, the CD4 molecule plays a direct role in CD8 T cell function, and infection of these cells by HIV provides an additional reservoir for the virus and also may contribute to the immunodeficiency seen in HIV disease.
ChemInform Abstract: The Future of Magnetic Data Storage Technology (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High-Quality Factor Superconducting Flexible Resonators Embedded in Thin-Film Polyimide HD-4110 (2017)

We present the design, fabrication procedure, and measurement results of Nb superconducting microstrip transmission line resonators fabricated using thin-film polyimide HD-4110, including both nonembedded and embedded versions. These resonators were used to characterize the microwave dielectric loss tangent of 20 μm thick polyimide HD-4110 at deep cryogenic temperatures. We observed high-quality factors (Q) up to 21 040 at 1.2 K in the frequency range of 2-21 GHz for nonembedded resonators, indicating that the dielectric loss tangent can be less than 5×10-5. Embedded resonators with an additional 20 μm thick encapsulation layer also exhibited Q values as high as ~19 200. Dielectric and conductor (quasiparticle) loss have been compared between the two types of resonators. This study provides information applicable to the design of future high-density, flexible, multilayer superconducting cables, which are of great interest for potential applications in cryogenic electronics systems, including quantum computers.
Experimental study and clinical utilization of partial splenic embolization in treating traumatic spleen rupture (2003)

Objective To investigate the effects of partial splenic embolization (PSE) on the stanching effect and spleen tissue regenerating process in the ones with traumatic spleen rupture. Methods 20 rabbit experimental models with traumatic spleen rupture were performed PSE and stanching effect and process of spleen tissue regeneration were observed. 2 patients with traumatic spleen rupture (Gall and Scheele classification:2) were treated by PSE and follow\|up survey were performed. Results The result of the experiment showed that the PSE's stanching effect was perfect (the mean time of the stanching was 128.34 seconds). The spleen tissue could regenerate to the normal level on the 16th week after the operation. Clinical observation showed that the PSE had a effective stanching in 2 patients who suffer from traumatic spleen rupture (Gall and Scheele classification:1～2). Manipulation of this technique was simple, lesion was small, and there was no complication. Conclusion PSE can not only treat traumatic spleen rupture but also preserve the spleen tissue as much as possible. It is a good method of preserving the spleen.
Use of a yeast site‐specific recombinase to generate embryonic mosaics in <i>Drosophila</i> (1992)

An efficient method for generating embryonic mosaics using a yeast site-specific recombinase (FLP), under the control of a heat shock promoter, is described. FLP-recombinase can promote mitotic exchange between homologous chromosomes that contain FRT (FLP Recombination Target) sequences. To demonstrate the efficiency of FLP-recombinase to generate embryonic mosaics, clones of the recessive and cell autonomous mutation armadillo (arm), detected by their ability to differentiate ectopic denticles in the naked cuticle of each abdominal segment, have been induced. We have analyzed the parameters of FLP-recombinase induced embryonic mitotic recombination and have demonstrated that clones can be efficiently induced during the postblastoderm mitotic divisions. We discuss applications of this technique for the analyses of the roles of various mutations during embryonic patterning.
Competition and Investment in Flexible Technologies (1993)

This paper examines the implications of market structure on investment in flexible manufacturing systems (FMS). We analyze a two-stage game, in which firms choose between a flexible and a less flexible technology in the first stage, then choose production quantities in the second stage. In equilibrium, a large proportion of FMS firms is associated with more concentrated markets. Our model predicts that a larger market and/or a more differentiated product results in a higher proportion of FMS firms being sustained. These predictions are empirically supported using cross-section industry level data from both the US and Japan.
Sphingosine 1‐phosphate receptor modulators: a new class of immunosuppressants (2006)

In this review, we summarize how FTY720 came from the lab bench to the bedside by examining its structural similarities to natural occurring sphingosine analogues, the mechanism of action, and clinical applicability to not only transplantation but also autoimmune, oncological, and neurobiological fields. FTY720, a sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) analogue, promotes the survival of human and animal allografts by sequestering T lymphocytes within peripheral lymphoid tissue. The mechanism of sequestration is three-fold: (1) T lymphocytes are driven into peripheral lymph nodes in a chemokine dependent manner by FTY720; (2) FTY720 downregulates sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs) on the T lymphocyte surface, rendering it unable to migrate along a S1P gradient; and (3) FTY720 closes stromal gates on the abluminal side of the lymphatic endothelium. Future areas of investigation include developing S1P analogues that have specific agonist binding to S1PRs avoiding side effects seen in non-specific binding.
Effects on Localization Performance from Moving the Sound Source in Binaural Reproductions (2013)

A well-known problem for reproductions of binaural recordings and simulations using HRTFs other than those of the actual listener is decreased localization performance and increased front-back conf ...
Photoaffinity labeling of the T cell receptor on cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes by covalent photoreactive ligand. (1994)

The interaction of the T cell antigen receptor with a photoreactive antigenic peptide derivative bound covalently to the H-2Kd (Kd) molecule was studied by photoaffinity labeling on cloned, CD8 positive cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The Kd-restricted Plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite peptide 253-260 (YIPS-AEKI) was conjugated with iodo-4-azidosalicylic acid at the N terminus and with 4-azidobenzoic acid at the T cell receptor residue Lys-259. Cell-associated or soluble Kd molecules were photoaffinity-labeled with the peptide derivative by selective photoactivation of the N-terminal photoreactive group. Incubation of cell-associated or soluble covalent Kd-peptide derivative complexes (ligands) with cytotoxic T lymphocytes that recognized this peptide derivative and activation of the orthogonal photoreactive group resulted in specific photoaffinity labeling of the T cell receptor. The labeling was inhibitable by an anti-Kd antibody and was absent on Kd-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes of different specificity. The binding of the soluble ligand reached a maximum after 2-4 min at 37 degrees C, after 30 min at 18 degrees C, and after 3 h at 4 degrees C. In contrast, binding of the cell-associated ligand reached a transient maxima after 50 and 110 min at 37 and 18 degrees C, respectively. The degree of binding at 37 degrees C was approximately 30% lower than that at 18 degrees C. No binding took place at 4 degrees C. Inhibition studies with antibodies and drugs indicated that the binding of the cell-associated, but not the soluble ligand, was highly dependent on T cell-target cell conjugate formation, whereas the binding of the soluble ligand was greatly dependent on CD8.
Viral Host Resistance Studies (2009)

A foremost objective of preclinical immunotoxicity testing is to address whether or not a drug or environmental toxicant causes adverse effects on net immune health, expressly the host's ability to mount an appropriate immune response to clear infectious organisms. Given the complex interactions, diverse molecular signaling events, and redundancies of immunity that has itself been subdivided into interdependent arms, namely innate, adaptive, and humoral, the results of single immune parameter testing may not reflect the final outcome of a drug or toxicant's effect on net immune health. The most comprehensive experimental approach to ascertain this information is utilization of host resistance models. Herein, application of viral host resistance models in rodents and non-human primates is described. Although brief descriptions of numerous viral models are discussed including reovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and lymphocryptovirus, the most well-characterized viral host resistance model, rodent influenza, is emphasized.
Therapeutic Advances in Migraine (1993)

Migraine is a common and debilitating disorder of uncertain pathogenesis. Recent research into the pathophysiology of migraine and serotonin receptors has revolutionized the approach to pharmacotherapy. New medications, such as sumatriptan, and new dosage forms of older medications, including dihydroergotamine, NSAIDs, and phenothiazines are available to treat acute attacks. New prophylactic approaches include the use of calcium-channel blockers, NSAIDs, fluoxetine, and valproate. The addition of several new agents for the acute and prophylactic therapy of migraine has improved the outlook for this disabling disorder.
Real‐time out‐of‐plane artifact subtraction tomosynthesis imaging using prior CT for scanning beam digital x‐ray system (2014)

Their proposed prior CT-augmented OPAST reconstruction algorithm improves lung nodule visibility and depth resolution for the SBDX system.
Development of a retrodirective wireless microwave power transmission system (2004)

This paper describes the design of a small-scale system for demonstrating retrodirective wireless power transmission. A solid-state phased array transmitter with retrodirective control drives two 5.8 GHz circular-polarized (CP) transmit antenna subarrays that illuminate a remote CP rectenna array. The total power transmitted is about 40 W. A 2.9 GHz pilot beam projected from the rectenna site is received at the transmit site and processed for retrodirective control of the 5.8 GHz transmitter.
Modulating erythrocyte chimerism in a mouse model of pyruvate kinase deficiency (2004)

In vivo selection may provide a means to increase the relative number of cells of donor origin in recipients with hemopoietic chimerism. We have tested whether in vivo selection using chemical inducers of dimerization (CIDs) can direct the expansion of transduced normal donor erythrocytes in recipients with chimerism using a mouse model of pyruvate kinase deficiency. Marrow cells from normal CBA/N mice were transduced with a vector (F36Vmpl(GFP)) that promotes cell growth in the presence of CIDs. Transduced cells were then transplanted into minimally conditioned, pyruvate kinase-deficient recipients (CBA-Pk-1(slc)/Pk-1(slc)) to establish stable chimerism. CID administration resulted in expansion of normal donor erythrocytes and improvement of the anemia. The preferential expansion of normal erythrocytes also resulted in a decrease in erythropoietin levels, reducing the drive for production of pyruvate kinase-deficient red blood cells. CID-mediated expansion of genetically modified erythrocytes could prove a useful adjunct to transplantation methods that achieve erythroid chimerism.
Effect of Temperature on the Vector Efficiency of Aedes aegypti for Dengue 2 Virus (1987)

The effect of temperature on the ability of Aedes aegypti to transmit dengue (DEN) 2 virus to rhesus monkeys was assessed as a possible explanation for the seasonal variation in the incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in Bangkok, Thailand. In two laboratory experiments, a Bangkok strain of Ae. aegypti was allowed to feed upon viremic monkeys infected with DEN-2 virus. Blood-engorged mosquitoes were separated into two groups and retained at constant temperatures. Virus infection and transmission rates were determined for Ae. aegypti at intervals ranging from 4 to 7 days during a 25-day incubation period. Results of the first experiment for mosquitoes infected with a low dose of DEN-2 virus and maintained at 20, 24, 26, and 30 degrees C, indicated that the infection rate ranged from 25% to 75% depending on the incubation period. However, DEN-2 virus was transmitted to monkeys only by Ae. aegypti retained at 30 degrees C for 25 days. In the second experiment, the infection rate for Ae. aegypti that ingested a higher viral dose, and incubated at 26, 30, 32, and 35 degrees C ranged from 67% to 95%. DEN-2 virus was transmitted to monkeys only by mosquitoes maintained at greater than or equal to 30 degrees C. The extrinsic incubation period was 12 days for mosquitoes at 30 degrees C, and was reduced to 7 days for mosquitoes incubated at 32 degrees C and 35 degrees C. These results imply that temperature-induced variations in the vector efficiency of Ae. aegypti may be a significant determinant in the annual cyclic pattern of dengue hemorrhagic fever epidemics in Bangkok.
Structure-Function of Knee Articular Cartilage (1994)

The material properties of articular cartilage are presented, with particular emphasis on understanding the role of collagen, proteoglycan, and water in providing these mechanical properties. Descriptions of cartilage de-formational behavior and data on its permeability, compressive, tensile, shear, and swelling properties are summarized, as well as a discussion to show why these material characteristics are important for the normal function of the knee. In addition, we provide a descriptive explanation of the biphasic theory required to understanding the mechanical behavior of any hydrated soft tissue.
A Packetization Technique for D‐Cinema Contents Multicasting over Metropolitan Wireless Networks (2008)

This paper presents a packetization strategy for the reliable electronic distribution of digital cinema (D-cinema, DC) content. In particular, a reliable multicast protocol was used to send high definition video content to multiple receivers, allowing them to correctly receive the entire stream. The NORM protocol was chosen as multicast protocol, because of its guarantees on reliable transmission of both files and data. The target result is to send reliably DC contents, both using a single large file or a set of separate files. Applications in C++ were created to test our system
bao cun tu pian si fa (2003)

当在一些程序、邮件或文档中看到漂亮的图片时,是否想把它们保存下来呢?笔者总结了一些技巧奉献给大家。 1.Word文件中的图片保存方法 我们在保存Word文档中的图片时,通常是先选取图形对象,拷贝至剪贴板,再粘贴到图形编辑软件(如
Real Time Monitoring of Diesel Engine Injector Waveforms for Accurate Fuel Metering and Control (2013)

This paper presents the development, experimentation, and validation of a reliable and robust system to monitor the injector pulse generated by an engine control module (ECM) which can easily be calibrated for different engine platforms and then feedback the corresponding fueling quantity to the real-time computer in a closed-loop controller in the loop (CIL) bench in order to achieve optimal fueling. This research utilizes field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) and direct memory access (DMA) transfer capability to achieve high speed data acquisition and delivery. This work is conducted in two stages: the first stage is to study the variability involved in the injected fueling quantity from pulse to pulse, from injector to injector, between real injector stators and inductor load cells, and over different operating conditions. Different thresholds have been used to find out the best start of injection (SOI) threshold and the end of injection (EOI) threshold that capture the injector “on-time” with best reliability and accuracy. Second stage involves development of a system that interprets the injector pulse into fueling quantity. The system can easily be calibrated for various platforms. Finally, the use of resulting correction table has been observed to capture the fueling quantity with highest accuracy.
Easy Preparation and Prominent Gelation of New Gelator Based on <scp>l</scp>-Lysine (2000)

Abstract A new prominent gelator 1, Nε-lauroyl-Nα-stearylaminocarbonyl-l-lysine ethyl ester was effortlessly prepared by esterification of Nε-lauroyl-l-lysine and addition of n-octadecyl isocyanate in a total yield of 89%. Gelator 1 was capable of gelling up a wide variety of organic fluids. A comparison of the gelation ability of structurally related compounds clarified that not only the introduction of long-chain alkyl but also more importantly the ureylene segment connecting the α-amino group and the alkyl chain are required for effective gelation.
Connectivity Predicts deep brain stimulation outcome in <scp>P</scp>arkinson disease (2017)

Effective STN DBS for PD is associated with a specific connectivity profile that can predict clinical outcome across independent cohorts. This prediction does not require specialized imaging in PD patients themselves. Ann Neurol 2017;82:67-78.
Colonoscopy versus Fecal Immunochemical Testing in Colorectal-Cancer Screening (2012)

Subjects in the FIT group were more likely to participate in screening than were those in the colonoscopy group. On the baseline screening examination, the numbers of subjects in whom colorectal cancer was detected were similar in the two study groups, but more adenomas were identified in the colonoscopy group. (Funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00906997.).
An evaluation of proximal surface cleansing agents (1976)

The effectiveness of the Interspace brush, Inter-Dens, and waxed dental floss as proximal surface cleansing agents was compared in 35 subjects. Each subject used all three methods of cleansing in random order of selection. Statistical analysis of the results showed that there was no difference in the effectiveness of any one of these three agents. However, proximal surfaces of anterior teeth where cleaned more effectively than posterior teeth. The coronal half of the proximal surfaces was cleaned more effectively than the apical half and the facial half more effectively than the lingual half when Inter-Dens was used. Comparison of cleansing effectiveness between facial and lingual halves of proximal surfaces for the Interspace brush and waxed dental floss showed no significant difference. Mesial and distal proximal surfaces were cleaned with similar effectiveness. Plaque control was only satisfactory on approximately half of the proximal surfaces, though a wide variation occurred. Significantly lower plaque scores were found 1 week after the initial instruction session, irrespective of the agent used. The majority of subjects preferred Inter-Dens whilst waxed dental floss was the least-liked method of cleansing.
A hardware-based cache pollution filtering mechanism for aggressive prefetches (2003)

Aggressive hardware-based and software-based prefetch algorithms for hiding memory access latencies were proposed to bridge the gap of the expanding speed disparity between processors and memory subsystems. As smaller L1 caches prevail in deep submicron processor designs in order to maintain short cache access cycles, cache pollution caused by ineffective prefetches is becoming a major challenge. When too aggressive prefetching are applied, ineffective prefetches not only can offset the benefits of benign prefetches due to pollution but also throttle bus bandwidth, leading to overall performance degradation. A hardware based cache pollution filtering mechanism is proposed to differentiate good and bad prefetches dynamically using a history table. Two schemes-peraddress (PA) based and program counter (PC) based-for triggering prefetches are proposed and evaluated. Our cache pollution filters work in tandem with both hardware and software prefetchers. As shown in the analysis of our simulated results, the cache pollution filters can significantly reduce the number of ineffective prefetches by over 90%, alleviating the excessive memory bandwidth induced by them. The IPC is improved by up to 9% as a result of reduced cache pollution and less competition for the limited number of cache ports
A clinical pathologic study of four adult cases of acute mercury inhalation toxicity. (1991)

We report four cases of fatal mercury vapor inhalation, a rare occurrence. The mercury vapor was released at a private home, where one of the occupants was smelting silver from dental amalgam containing an unknown amount of mercury. Within 24 hours of the incident, all occupants began having shortness of breath necessitating hospital admission. The clinical courses are briefly detailed; however, all included rapid deterioration with respiratory failure. Chest roentgenograms in all four cases were consistent with adult respiratory distress syndrome. All patients were treated with dimercaprol, a mercury chelator, but all died, with survival varying from 9 to 23 days postexposure. Autopsies were performed on all four patients. The lungs in all cases were heavy, firm, and airless. Histologic examination revealed severe diffuse alveolar damage, with variable amounts of fibrosis, conforming with acute lung injury in various stages of organization. Additional postmortem findings included acute proximal renal tubular necrosis, vacuolar hepatoxicity, and a spectrum of central nervous system alterations including multifocal ischemic necrosis, gliosis, and vasculitis.
Adaptive GOP Structure for Joint Scalable Video Coding (2007)

This paper introduces an adaptive GOP structure (AGS), which adaptively defines the GOP structure according to the time-varying temporal properties of video sequences, and thus improves the coding efficiency of the MPEG & ITU-T's Joint Scalable Video Coding (JSVC) scheme, the method proposed in this paper, which adaptively modifies the size of GOP based on the image characteristics of video sequence, improves the coding efficiency up to 0.77 dB compared to the JSVC JSVM (Joint Scalable Video Model).