gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP OF SERUM-INTERFERON AND ITS ACID-STABILITY IN A GROUP OF HOMOSEXUAL MEN (1986)

For a period of over two years 99 volunteer healthy homosexual men were examined periodically for the presence of interferon (IFN) in their serum. Thirty-nine subjects had either undetectable IFN levels in serum or IFN was detected only once in three to five samples tested. In another 45 subjects low IFN levels were detected throughout the study period. None of these subjects had or developed any disease symptoms. In the remaining 15 subjects high serum IFN levels were detected at their enrollment or during the study period. All these subjects started to manifest clinical symptoms compatible with AIDS. In six subjects the mean time elapsed between the first detection of serum IFN and disease symptoms was 6.5 months. In all subjects but one, the IFN was of type alpha. The acid-stability of serum IFN alpha decreased with time, and when its decrease was abrupt it was associated with a more rapid evolution of AIDS. Sera containing acid-labile IFN alpha can induce IFN alpha synthesis in normal lymphocyte cultures (LC), but do not influence IFN gamma synthesis in LC stimulated with phytohemagglutinin. LC stimulated with viral antigens in the presence of serum with acid-labile IFN alpha synthesized IFN with an increased sensitivity for acid treatment. The results confirm the prognostic value of serum IFN alpha in the development of AIDS, and suggest that the transition to acid-lability may be a gradual process.
Teaching Old Indicators New Tricks (2001)

Most synthetic sensors are designed with covalent attachment between a receptor and a reporter moiety. In this report, we describe the current progress of our use of noncovalently attached indicators to signal binding of analytes. With these systems, analyte binding leads to indicator displacement from the binding cavity, which in turn yields an optical signal modulation. We include previous examples, the strategies involved in our development, and the advantages as well as disadvantages of this method. Finally, our latest research in this field is briefly presented.
Oxidative stress in ataxia telangiectasia (2003)

Ataxia telangiectasia is one of a group of recessive hereditary genomic instability disorders and is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration, immunodeficiency and cancer susceptibility. Heterozygotes for the mutated gene are more susceptible to cancer and to ischaemic heart disease. The affected gene, ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated), has been cloned and codes for a protein kinase (ATM), which orchestrates the cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks after ionising radiation. An underlying feature of ataxia telangiectasia is oxidative stress and there is chronic activation of stress response pathways in tissues showing pathology such as the cerebellum, but not in the cerebrum or liver. ATM has also been shown to be activated by insulin and to have a wider role in signal transduction and cell growth. Many, but not all, aspects of the phenotype can be attributed to a defective DNA damage response. The oxidative stress may result directly from accumulated DNA damage in affected tissues or ATM may have an additional role in sensing/modulating redox homeostasis. The basis for the observed tissue specificity of the oxidative damage in ataxia telangiectasia is not clear.
Psoriatic arthritis as a distinct disease entity (2007)

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease characterized by joint inflammation associated with cutaneous psoriasis. For many years, the amount of attention directed to PsA had been less than that for various other arthropathies. With the advances in understanding its pathogensis, it is now recognized as a distinct disease entity with characteristic features. Psoriatic arthritis has a greater tendency towards asymmetric oligoarticular involvement, distal interphalangeal involvement and spondylitis. Associated features such as enthesitis and dactylitis are more common. Specific radiological features include ankylosis and bone resorption. With the availability of potent new therapeutic agents for psoriasis and PsA, interest in research and clinical care for these conditions has been reinvigorated. Anti-TNF therapy has achieved encouraging efficacy in both the joints and skin disease, improving function and quality of life and inhibiting radiological progression measured in patients with PsA and psoriasis. Biologic agents may have the potential in addressing the unmet medical need in patients with PsA.
Identifying individual DNA species in a complex mixture by precisely measuring the spacing between nicking restriction enzymes with atomic force microscope (2012)

We discuss a novel atomic force microscope-based method for identifying individual short DNA molecules (<5000 bp) within a complex mixture by measuring the intra-molecular spacing of a few sequence-specific topographical labels in each molecule. Using this method, we accurately determined the relative abundance of individual DNA species in a 15-species mixture, with fewer than 100 copies per species sampled. To assess the scalability of our approach, we conducted a computer simulation, with realistic parameters, of the hypothetical problem of detecting abundance changes in individual gene transcripts between two single-cell human messenger RNA samples, each containing roughly 9000 species. We found that this approach can distinguish transcript species abundance changes accurately in most cases, including transcript isoforms which would be challenging to quantitate with traditional methods. Given its sensitivity and procedural simplicity, our approach could be used to identify transcript-derived complementary DNAs, where it would have substantial technical and practical advantages versus established techniques in situations where sample material is scarce.
Multistage Fracturing System: Improving Operational Efficiency and Production (2006)

Abstract Over the last several years there have been many technical developments in horizontal completion methods. These developments have been designed to better stimulate the entire horizontal interval. For cased and cemented applications, composite plugs have provided the ability to segment the horizontal wellbore into sections and divert the stimulation as designed. However, the process of setting a plug on coiled tubing (CT), perforating, stimulating and then repeating the process for the required number of stages to optimize production and then running back in with CT to remove the plugs can take weeks to complete. For open hole applications, horizontal stimulations have relied solely on bullheading in stages in an attempt to generate multiple fractures. This has proven in many cases to only stimulate certain sections of the wellbore leaving much of the horizontal section unstimulated. A new completion system has been deployed in over 300 wellbores in various producing formations, such as sandstone, limestone, shale, dolomite and coal. This system uses a series of mechanical open hole packers deployed on the production liner with fracturing or stimulation ports located between the packers that allow for stimulation in each desired interval. Without the requirement of cementing the liner in place, all the problematic issues associated with cementing are eliminated. Additionally, the use of mechanical packers provides positive mechanical diversion at high differential fracturing pressures. The system has also been designed, so all of the fracturing or stimulation treatments along the horizontal wellbore can be pumped in one continuous operation, thus minimizing the associated risks and optimizing the efficiencies of both the personnel and equipment needed to perform the work. This paper will detail the operational efficiencies and reliability of this novel completion system, as well as analyze the cost benefits and production increases that have been noted.
Complex Quantum Structure of Nonclassical Superposition States and Quantum Instability in Resonance Fluorescence (1996)

It is shown that the complex quantum structure of nonclassical superposition states and strong atom-field entanglement are reflected in instability of resonance fluorescence driven by optical field being initially excited into the superposition of two phase shifted coherent states.
Low ethanol concentrations enhance GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in hippocampal pyramidal neurons only after block of GABAB receptors. (1996)

Despite considerable evidence that ethanol can enhance chloride flux through the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA/A/) receptor-channel complex in several central neuron types, the effect of ethanol on hippocampal GABAergic systems is still controversial. Therefore, we have reevaluated this interaction in hippocampal pyramidal neurons subjected to local monosynaptic activation combined with pharmacological isolation of the various components of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic potentials, using intracellular current- and voltage-clamp recording methods in the hippocampal slice. In accord with our previous findings, we found that ethanol had little effect on compound inhibitory postsynaptic potentials/currents (IPSP/Cs) containing both GABA/A/ and GABA/B/ components. However, after selective pharmacological blockade of the GABA/B/ component of the IPSP (GABA/B/-IPSP/C) by CGP-35348, low concentrations of ethanol (22-66 mM) markedly enhanced the peak amplitude, and especially the area, of the GABA/A/ component (GABA/A/-IPSP/C) in most CA1 pyramidal neurons. Ethanol had no significant effect on the peak amplitude or area of the pharmacologically isolated GABA/B/-inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC). These results provide new data showing that activation of GABAB receptors can obscure ethanol enhancement of GABA/A/ receptor function in hippocampus and suggest that similar methods of pharmacological isolation might be applied to other brain regions showing negative or mixed ethanol-GABA interactions.
Isolation of an Algal Morphogenesis Inducer from a Marine Bacterium (2005)

Ulva and Enteromorpha are cosmopolitan and familiar marine algal genera. It is well known that these green macroalgae lose their natural morphology during short-term cultivation under aseptic conditions and during long-term cultivation in nutrient-added seawater and adopt an unusual form instead. These phenomena led to the belief that undefined morphogenetic factors that were indispensable to the foliaceous morphology of macroalgae exist throughout the oceans. We characterize a causative factor, named thallusin, isolated from an epiphytic marine bacterium. Thallusin induces normal germination and morphogenesis of green macroalgae.
Discriminant Nuclear Features of Renal Oncocytoma and Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma: Analysis of Their Potential Utility in the Differential Diagnosis (1998)

Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and renal oncocytoma have overlapping morphologic, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features; however, their distinction is critical inasmuch as the former neoplasm has a malignant potential and the latter is widely believed to be a benign tumor. In this study, we investigated the potential utility of nuclear features in differential diagnosis. Nuclear contours, nuclear chromatin pattern, binucleation or multinucleation, pleomorphism, and mitotic activity were assessed semiquantitatively in routine H&E-stained sections from 16 cases of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and 21 cases of renal oncocytoma. All cases of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma were found to have wrinkled, "raisinoid" nuclei in varying proportions, whereas all renal oncocytomas had predominantly round, relatively uniform nuclei. Binucleation or multinucleation was significantly more common in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Nuclear chromatin tended to be coarser in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and nucleoli were seen more commonly in renal oncocytoma. Of the renal oncocytomas, 19% had distinct foci of "degenerative" nuclear atypia with pleomorphism. This type of atypia was absent in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma. Our study shows that in association with the well-described cytoplasmic and architectural features, nuclear parameters are valuable discriminants between chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and renal oncocytoma. Frequent binucleation and "raisinoid" nuclei with perinuclear halos, resulting in "koilocytoid atypia," is highly characteristic of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.
Overexpression of protein kinase C-zeta stimulates leukemic cell differentiation. (1994)

A function for protein kinase C-zeta (PKC-zeta), a member of the phorbol ester nonresponsive atypical protein kinase C subfamily, in modulating differentiation was examined in the leukemic U937 cell. Transfected U937 cells stably overexpressing PKC-zeta displayed a longer doubling time, lower saturation density at confluency, and an increase in adherence to plastic as compared to control cells. PKC-zeta cells expressed a more differentiated phenotype as assessed by changes in morphology, surface antigen expression, and lysosomal enzyme activities and were distinct from parental U937 cells stimulated to differentiate by exposure to phorbol esters. In contrast to parental U937 cells, PKC-zeta cells constitutively expressed mRNA transcripts for c-jun and a low mobility AP-1 binding activity. Thus, PKC-zeta overexpression stimulates a type of phenotypic differentiation that differs significantly from maturation occurring upon activation of other PKC subfamilies induced by phorbol ester treatment. Increased expression of the c-jun protooncogene and an increase in AP-1 binding activity in PKC-zeta cells provides a potential mechanism for explaining the altered differentiation status of this cell.
Catalytic mechanism of F1-ATPase (1997)

The structure of the core catalytic unit of ATP synthase, alpha 3 beta 3 gamma, has been determined by X-ray crystallography, revealing a roughly symmetrical arrangement of alternating alpha and beta subunits around a central cavity in which helical portions of gamma are found. A low-resolution structural model of F0, based on electron spectroscopic imaging, locates subunit a and the two copies of subunit b outside of a subunit c oligomer. The structures of individual subunits epsilon and c (largely) have been solved by NMR spectroscopy, but the oligomeric structure of c is still unknown. The structures of subunits a and delta remain undefined, that of b has not yet been defined but biochemical evidence indicates a credible model. Subunits gamma, epsilon, b, and delta are at the interface between F1 and F0; gamma epsilon complex forms one element of the stalk, interacting with c at the base and alpha and beta at the top. The locations of b and delta are less clear. Elucidation of the structure F0, of the stalk, and of the entire F1F0 remains a challenging goal.
Multispectral high dynamic range imaging (2007)

Capturing natural scenes with high dynamic range content using conventional RGB cameras generally results in saturated and underexposed and therefore compromising image areas. Furthermore the image lacks color accuracy due to a systematic color error of the RGB color filters. The problem of the limited dynamic range of the camera has been addressed by high dynamic range imaging<sup>1, 2 </sup>(HDRI): Several RGB images of different exposures are combined into one image with greater dynamic range. Color accuracy on the other hand can be greatly improved using multispectral cameras,<sup>3</sup> which more accurately sample the electromagnetic spectrum. We present a promising combination of both technologies, a high dynamic range multispectral camera featuring a higher color accuracy, an improved signal to noise ratio and greater dynamic range compared to a similar low dynamic range camera.
Permeability characteristics of human oocytes in the presence of the cryoprotectant dimethylsulphoxide (1999)

Equilibration of oocytes with cryoprotectants is a prerequisite of low temperature storage. However, cryoprotectant exposure may induce damage via osmotic stress. Knowledge of cell membrane permeability characteristics and their temperature dependence would facilitate the design of cryopreservation protocols in which osmotic stress is minimized and the incidence of intracellular freezing is reduced. To obtain such data, the volume change of donated human oocytes following exposure to cryoprotectant was measured at a variety of temperatures. After removal of cumulus cells, each oocyte was placed in a 5 microl droplet of phosphate-buffered medium. The oocyte was held in position by suction generated using a fine pipette and perfused with 1 ml 1.5 mol/l dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) at 30, 24 or 10 degrees C. The volume of the oocyte before, during and after perfusion was recorded by videomicroscopy. Oocyte volume was calculated from radius measurements and the Kedem-Katchalsky (K-K) passive coupled transport coefficients, namely L(p) (hydraulic permeability), P(DMSO) (permeability to DMSO) and sigma (reflection coefficient) were derived. The resulting coefficients were L(p) = 1. 65 +/- 0.15, 0.70 +/- 0.06 and 0.28 +/- 0.04 microm/min.atm; P(DMSO) = 0.79 +/- 0.10, 0.25 +/- 0.04 and 0.06 +/- 0.01 microm/s and sigma = 0.97 +/- 0.01, 0.94 +/- 0.03 and 0.96 +/- 0.01 at 30, 24 and 10 degrees C respectively. The activation energy for L(p) was 14.70 and for P(DMSO) was 20.82 kcal/mol. The permeability parameters of human oocytes are higher than those of murine oocytes, suggesting that they require a shorter period of exposure to DMSO with concomitantly reduced toxic effects.
A framework for interference mitigation in multi-BSS 802.11 wireless LANs (2009)

This paper proposes a framework for interference mitigation in multi-BSS infrastructure 802.11 WLANs. Our interference mitigation approach is based on access point (AP) coordination. With this approach, interfering BSSs negotiate and switch from the 802.11 CSMA/CA to a time slotted mechanism if users' QoS is observed to be degraded, diagnoses conclude that the cause is high interference, and the switch to the time slotted modus is expected to be useful and feasible. The proposed algorithms within the framework are driven by measurements. We utilize the wireless bandwidth and improve the fairness among WLAN users. We present results of detailed simulation experiments as well as real implementation.
Variability of Wax Ester Fermentation in Natural and Bleached <i>Euglena gracilis</i> Strains in Response to Oxygen and the Elongase Inhibitor Flufenacet (2009)

Euglena gracilis is able to synthesize adenosine triphosphate under anaerobic conditions through a malonyl-independent fatty acid synthesis leading to wax ester fermentation. Mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis uses acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA as C2- and C3-donors for de novo synthesis of even- and odd-numbered fatty acids, respectively. Euglena's wax ester fermentation has only been described in the E. gracilis strain 1224-5/25 Z. Here we investigate eight E. gracilis strains isolated in 1932-1958 from different localities in Europe and two bleached substrains of E. gracilis 1224-5/25, obtained by treatment with streptomycin and ofloxacin, and examine their anaerobic growth, wax ester fermentation, and wax ester composition. Under ambient oxygen levels, all strains accumulated wax esters in concentrations between 0.3% and 3.5% of the dry weight, but the strains revealed marked differences in wax ester accumulation with respect to anaerobic growth. Most fermenting strains tested showed increased wax ester synthesis under anaerobic conditions as well as the increased synthesis of odd-numbered fatty acids and alcohols suggesting an activation of the mitochondrial fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. Addition of the elongase inhibitor flufenacet to the growth medium specifically reduced the accumulation of odd-numbered fatty acids and alcohols and tended to increase the overall yield of anaerobic wax esters.
Copolymers of α-Methylstyrene with<i>N</i>-Cyclohexylacrylamide: Synthesis, Monomer Reactivity Ratios, and Mean Sequence Length (1997)

Abstract Copolymerization of α-methylstyrene and N-cyclohexylacrylamide was carried out in toluene at 60 ± 1°C using azobisisobutyronitrile as the free-radical initiator. The total concentration of the comonomers was 1.5 mol·L−1 in the solvent. The copolymers were characterized by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, and the copolymer compositions were determined primarily from the 1H-NMR spectra. The reactivity ratios were found to be r 1 = 0.08 ± 0.01 and r 2 = 2.45 ± 0.03 by the Fineman-Ross method, and r 1 = 0.06 ± 0.01 and r 2 = 2.43 ± 0.08 by the Kelen-Tüdös method. Mean sequence lengths in the copolymer were estimated from r 1 and r 2 values.
Photosensitized<i>cis‐trans</i> isomerization of jojoba wax (1984)

Abstract Jojoba wax solutions were irradiated at wavelengths longer than 366 nm, in the presence of sensitizers, at room temperature. Cis‐trans isomerization took place only with sensitizers with triplet energy greater than 68 kcal/mol. Quantum yields were low and a conversion of up to 25% of the trans isomer was achieved at the photostationary state.
Identification of Coherent Generators for Dynamic Equivalents (1978)

This paper describes the development and evaluation of a method for identifying the coherency behavior of generators for various power system disturbances. This information is used as a basis for forming dynamic equivalents which can be applied in transient stability studies.
Stereological Interpretation of Rock Fracture Traces on Borehole Walls and Other Cylindrical Surfaces (2005)

Fracture systems or networks always control the stability, deformability, fluid and gas storage capacity and permeability, and other mechanical and hydraulic behavior of rock masses. The characterization of fracture systems is of great significance for understanding and analyzing the impact of fractures to rock mass behavior. Fracture trace data have long been used by engineers and geologists to character fracture system. For subsurface fractures, however, boreholes, wells, tunnels and other cylindrical samplings of fractures often provide high quality fracture trace data and have not been sufficiently utilized. The research work presented herein is intended to interpret fracture traces on borehole walls and other cylindrical surfaces by using stereology. The relationships between the three-dimension fracture intensity measure, P32, and the lower dimension fracture intensity measures are studied. The analytical results show that the conversion factor between the three-dimension fracture intensity measure and the two-dimension intensity measure on borehole surface is not dependent on fracture size, shape or circular cylinder radius, but is related to the orientation of the cylinder and the orientation distribution of fractures weight by area. The conversion factor between the two intensity measures is determined to be in the range of [1.0, π/2]. The conversion factors are also discussed when sampling in constant sized or unbounded fractures with orientation of Fisher distribution. At last, the author proposed estimators for mean fracture size (length and width) with borehole/shaft samplings in sedimentary rocks based on a probabilistic model. The estimators and the intensity conversion factors are tested and have got satisfactory results by Monte Carlo simulations.