gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Microalloyed, Multi-Phase Steel for High Strength Forging Applications (1991)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Forged components to be used in high strength applications have traditionally been heat treated after forging. This processing route unfortunately suffers from many technical and economical shortcomings. The first attempt to overcome these difficulties led to the development of medium carbon microalloyed steels for bar applications in the early 1970's. While these steels did not require heat treatment, their strengths were limited. Furthermore, the notch toughness of these steels was rather poor. The limitation on strength and toughness have hindered their acceptance as a substitute for the conventional QT steels, especially in safety critical components. In addition, these shortcomings eliminate the possibility of downsizing through redesign.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Since the tempered martensite and the microalloyed ferrite-pearlite steels have obvious limitations, an alternative microstructure had to be developed. Ideally, this new microstructure should have the ability to generate high strengths without heat treatment and offer high toughness values. It has been found that forged and quenched components made from a low-carbon steel containing Mn-Mo-Nb exhibit a multi-phase structure consisting of low-carbon martensite and lower bainite. This structure has been found to have both high strength and high toughness. This paper describes this new steel, its properties and production trials designed to illustrate its applicability to safety critical components.</div>
Mouse model carrying H222P- Lmna mutation develops muscular dystrophy and dilated cardiomyopathy similar to human striated muscle laminopathies (2004)

Laminopathies are a group of disorders caused by mutations in the LMNA gene encoding A-type lamins, components of the nuclear lamina. Three of these disorders affect specifically the skeletal and/or cardiac muscles, and their pathogenic mechanisms are still unknown. We chose the LMNA H222P missense mutation identified in a family with autosomal dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, one of the striated muscle-specific laminopathies, to create a faithful mouse model of this type of laminopathy. The mutant mice exhibit overtly normal embryonic development and sexual maturity. At adulthood, male homozygous mice display reduced locomotion activity with abnormal stiff walking posture and all of them die by 9 months of age. As for cardiac phenotype, they develop chamber dilation and hypokinesia with conduction defects. These abnormal skeletal and cardiac features were also observed in the female homozygous mice but with a later-onset than in males. Histopathological analysis of the mice revealed muscle degeneration with fibrosis associated with dislocation of heterochromatin and activation of Smad signalling in heart and skeletal muscles. These results demonstrate that LmnaH222P/H222P mice represent a good model for studying laminopathies affecting striated muscles as they develop a dystrophic condition of both skeletal and cardiac muscles similar to the human diseases.
The Effect of Elastase on the Excretion of Urinary Microalbumin in Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) (1992)

We studied the effect of elastase on the excretion of urinary albumin in NIDDM patients. We selected 35 normotensive NIDDM patients visiting our outpatient clinic, and divided them into two groups: an elastase group (E-group, 18 patients), which was given elastase orally (10, 800IU/day), and a control group (C-group, 17 patients). There was no difference between the two groups in terms of the average duration of diabetes, the degree of complications, or the mean values of blood pressure, glycemic control and serum lipid levels. Using their early morning urine, we measured the microalbuminuria and urinary creatinine value once a month, and calculated an albumin index (A. I. (mg/gCr): albumin (mg/dl)/creatinine (g/dl)). A follow-up examination 15 months later showed that the A. I. did not significantly increase above the baseline in the E-group (20.8vs. 27.1mg/gCr, n. s.); however, there was a significant increase in the C-group (18.5vs. 38.3mg/gCr, p<0.05). There was no change in the blood pressure and glycemic levels of either group during the study period. Also, the serum triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol levels did not change in either group, although total cholesterol decreased significantly in the E-group (233.4vs. 220.2mg/dl, p<0.01). However, in the E-group, there was no significant relationship between the change in total cholesterol and the change in A. I. (r=0.015 n. s.).In conclusion, oral administration of elastase inhibited the increment of the A. I. in NIDDM. The mechanism of inhibition may be attributed to a direct effect on the renal glomerulus.
Resource Allocation for Downlink Control Channel in LTE Systems (2011)

3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a packet based all IP wireless wideband access technology, which promise high data transmission rates with high spectrum efficiency, low latency and less costs. The efficiency of wireless wideband access system is mainly determined by the efficiency of resource allocation for downlink control channel, especially for the LTE system, which the feedback almost is fixed and simplified. It is hard to design an efficient reliable physical downlink control channels (PDCCHs) scheduling algorithm with low complexity, While the wideband wireless channel is time variable, time and/or frequency selective. In this paper, we focus on a few low complexity reformative minimum aggregation level algorithm (MAL) based on mathematical analysis and simulations. The conclusion shows that the algorithm could get most multi-user diversity gain with low complexity algorithm.
Malignant melanoma and central nervous system metastases.Incidence, diagnosis, treatment and survival (1978)

One hundred and twenty-two patients with clinically advanced, histologically confirmed, cutaneous malignant melanoma, seen at Wayne State University over a 12 year period were reviewed. The incidence of central nervous system metastases (CNS) diagnosed clinically was 46% and at autopsy 75%. Meningeal involvement was suspected clinically in 10.6% and found at autopsy in 52%. Motor dysfunction, mental confusion, cranial nerve disturbance, as well as headache, were the most common manifestations. EEG was found to be extremely sensitive in predicting and confirming CNS metastases even before clinical manifestation. Accuracy increased by performing an EEG serially or combining it with a brain scan. Best therapeutic results were noted after surgery for solitary CNS metastases. Palliative radiotherapy was effective in 37% of patients. Mean survival after neurological diagnosis was 4.0 months, but it varied depending on the site of the initial primary and the presence or absence of other visceral involvement. Concomitant liver metastases carried the worst prognosis. Patients with head, neck or trunk primaries who develop lung or liver metastases should be examined carefully and tested periodically with EEG. Persistent EEG abnormalities should strengthen the clinical suspicion of an underlying CNS metastases and may be an indication for further studies and possible therapy.
Comparison of in vivo uptake of radioactive gold nanoparticles formulated using phytochemicals (2015)

1267 Objectives Aim to evaluate 198Au nanoparticles (AuNP) biodistribution and uptake in a human prostate model for treatment. Many phytochemicals are known to have anti-tumor properties but have short half-lives in vivo. We hypothesized that using these phytochemicals to formulate and coat AuNP would inhibit enzyme cleavage and enhance their anti-tumor properties. Initial evaluations were performed in SCID mice bearing PC3 tumors. Methods : 198AuNP were formulated with the following gum Arabic, epigalocatechin gallate (EGCg) pomegranate extract and mangiferin extract. The resultant nanoparticles were evaluated in normal mice and in human prostate bearing SCID mice. The tumor bearing mice were injected intratumorally with 3-5 uCi of 198AuNP and euthanized at the following time points 30 min, 1,2,4 and 24 hr. Various organs were removed and counted along with standards to calculate the percent injected dose per organ and per gram. Results All nanoparticles showed high retention in the tumor with the 198AuNP formulated from mangiferin showing the highest retention 80.98 ± 13.39 %ID at 30 min and remaining steady out to 24 hr 79.82 ±10.55 % ID. The tumor uptake and retention was in the following order mangiferin> pomegranate (61.5 ± 26.4 %ID > EGCg 36.2 ± 12.5 %ID > gum Arabic 17.75.± 23.36 %ID. Conclusions : 198AuNP were stably formed using gum Arabic, EGCg, pomegranate extract and mangiferin. The 198AuNp were shown to be retained in high yields in prostate tumors demonstrating their potential for ablation of prostate cancer. Research Support This research supported by NSEI, MURR, Green Technology institute /MU. Al-Yasiri supported by the University of Baghdad and NSEI.
Polyamines as modulators of membrane fusion: aggregation and fusion of liposomes (1983)

We have studied the effect of the polyamines (spermine, spermidine, and putrescine) on the aggregation and fusion of large (approximately 100 nm in diameter) unilamellar liposomes in the presence of 100 mM NaCl, pH 7.4. Liposome fusion was monitored by the Tb/dipicolinic acid fluorescence assay for the intermixing of internal aqueous contents, and the release of contents was followed by carboxyfluorescein fluorescence. Spermine and spermidine at physiological concentrations aggregated liposomes composed of pure phosphatidylserine (PS) or phosphatidate (PA) and mixtures of PA with phosphatidylcholine (PC) but did not induce any fusion. However, liposomes composed of mixtures of acidic phospholipids, cholesterol, and a high mole fraction of phosphatidylethanolamine could be induced to fuse by spermine and spermidine in the absence of divalent cations. Putrescine alone in the physiological concentration range was ineffective for both aggregation and fusion of these liposomes. Liposomes made of pure PC did not aggregate in the presence of polyamines. Addition of aggregating concentrations of spermine caused a drastic increase in the rate of Ca(2+)-induced fusion of PA liposomes and a large decrease in the threshold Ca(2+) concentration required for fusion. This effect was less pronounced in the case of PS or PA/PC vesicles. Preincubation of PA vesicles with spermine before the addition of Ca(2+) resulted in a 30-fold increase in the initial rate of fusion. We propose that polyamines may be involved in the regulation of membrane fusion phenomena accompanying cell growth, cell division, exocytosis, and fertilization.
Solvent Extraction of Radionuclides From Aqueous Tank Waste (1996)

The purpose of this task is to develop an efficient solvent-extraction and stripping process for the removal of the fission products Tc-99, Sr-90, and Cs-137 from alkaline tank wastes, such as those stored at Hanford and Oak Ridge. As such, this task expands upon FY 1995`s successful development of a solvent-extraction and stripping process for technetium separation from @e tank-waste solutions. This process has in fact already been extended to include the capability of removing both Tc and Sr simultaneously. In this form, the process has been given the name SRTALK and will be developed further in this program as a prelude to developing a system capable of removing Tc, Sr, and Cs together. Such a system could potentially simplify and improve fission-product removal from tank waste. In addition, it would possess the advantages already inherent in our Tc solvent-extraction process: No required feed adjustment, economical water stripping, low consumption of materials, and low waste volume.
Wavelength monitoring in widely tunable sampled-grating DBR lasers integrated with semiconductor optical amplifiers (2003)

We have demonstrated a simple and straightforward method for wavelength monitoring in tunable lasers that are monolithically integrated with SOAs. This method requires simple measurements of SOAs transparency current to be performed in order to determine the emission wavelength of sampled grating DBR.
Adaptive filters for monitoring localized brain activity from surface potential time series (2003)

The problem of processing electroencephalographic (EEG) data to monitor the time series of the components of a current dipole source vector at a given location in the head is addressed. This is the spatial filtering problem for vector sources in a lossy, three-dimensional, zero delay medium. Dipolar and distributed sources at other than the desired location are cancelled or attenuated with an adaptive linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) beamformer. Actual EEG data acquired from a human subject serve as the interference in a case where the desired source is simulated and superimposed on the actual data. It is shown that the LCMV beamformer extracts the desired dipole time series while effectively canceling the subject's interference.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of the Structure of the Diamine Backbone of P−N−N−P ligands in Iron(II) Complexes on Catalytic Activity in the Transfer Hydrogenation of Acetophenone (2010)

The asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones can be efficiently accomplished using catalysts that are based on platinum group metals which are more toxic and less abundant than iron. For that reason the discovery of iron based catalysts for the use in this transformation is important. To address this issue, we synthesized a new series of iron(II)-based precatalysts trans-[Fe(Br)(CO)(PPh(2)CH(2)CH═NCHRCHRN═CHCH(2)PPh(2))]BPh(4) (5a-5d) containing P-N-N-P ligands with the diamines (R,R)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (a), (R,R)-1,2-diphenyl-1,2-diaminoethane (b), (R,R)-1,2-di(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2-diaminoethane (c), and ethylenediamine (d) incorporated in the backbone using a convenient one-pot synthesis using readily available starting materials. All of the complexes, when activated with a base, show a very high activity in the transfer hydrogenation catalysis of acetophenone, using 2-propanol as a reducing agent under mild conditions. A comparison of the TOF of complexes 5a-5d show that the catalytic activity of complexes increase as the size of the substituents in the backbone of ligands increases (d < a < b = c).
SUPERIORITY OF ELECTROPOLISHING OVER CHEMICAL POLISHING ON HIGH GRADIENTS (1998)

Electropolishing (EP) offers a smoother surface, and that makes us expect high gradients in superconducting niobium cavities. EP has a little bit complicated procedure and needs annealing to avoid the hydrogen Q-disease. On the other hand, chemical polishing (CP) is easier and cheaper, so widely used in many laboratories. For the conventional field gradients ( ∪ 5 MV/m) in storage rings (TRISTAN-MR, HERA), no difference was seen on the cavity performance between EP and CP. In the high gradients research for TESLA, we have to establish the surface treatment method which has a high reliability on the high gradients over than 25 MV/m and is cheaper in the preparation cost. So far, CP has offered a nice cavity performance, but a concern on European Headache was developed recently on the high gradients at Saclay. KEK has intensively investigated the difference between the effect of CP and EP on high gradient performance since the last SRF workshop at Saclay. In this investigation European headache was also seen in chemically polished cavities at KEK, in addition these cavities often showed a new Q-degradation without x-ray signals which seriously limited the high gradient. EP offers the high gradient over than 30 MV/m reliably. At the moment, EP seems to have a superiority over CP on the high gradient over than 25 MV/m.
Prediction of outdoor sound propagation by geometrical computer modeling (2013)

The municipal public address (M.P.A.) system for disaster prevention is an important information facility in communities. The speech intelligibility of such a system, however, tends to be deteriorated by multipass echoes with long time delay owing to reflections from nearby buildings and by the sounds from loudspeakers covering other subareas. When designing such an M.P.A. system, a tool effective for the prediction of outdoor sound propagation should be developed. For this purpose, the authors have been investigating the applicability of a computer modeling technique based on geometrical acoustics. To elucidate the effectiveness of the modeling technique, two case studies were examined by comparing impulse responses (echo diagrams) calculated by computer modeling and those obtained by field measurements. As a result, it was found that this modeling technique can be effectively applied to the prediction of outdoor sound propagation and the basic design of M.P.A. systems.
Three- to 5-year prospective follow-up of outcome in major depression (1998)

In most cases, major depression is a seriously impairing episodic disease. This is also true for a sample of predominantly out-patients treated at a university clinic.
Cataract induction in lenses cultured with transforming growth factor-beta. (1995)

These results show that TGF-beta induces whole lenses to form opacities that contain morphologic and biochemical markers for subcapsular cataract.
Characterization and Modeling of Printed Wiring Board Warpage and its Effect on LGA Separable Interconnects (2004)

The paper presents a study on printed wiring board (PWB) warpage caused by the mechanical fastening of separable interconnects, known as land grid array (LGA) package assemblies. Out-of-plane displacement of the PWB were measured and characterized, as well as force-per-pin values of the LGA, and correlations were made between the two. Classical laminate theory was utilized to describe the warpage behavior of the assembly and a model was presented to solve the out-of-plane displacements. An overall assessment of the assembly was made and compared to the mechanical specification of the LGA.
Expression of Herpes Simplex Virus Thymidine Kinase in<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>Attenuates Tachyzoite Virulence in Mice (1999)

We tested the virulence in mice of Toxoplasma gondii RH strain tachyzoites containing various copies of the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase-herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase fusion sequence (CAT-HSTK). Tachyzoite isolates containing >/=five copies of the fusion sequence were not lethal to female CD-1 outbred or BALB/c inbred mice, at doses up to 10(6) parasites, while the parental RH strain caused 100% mortality within 2 weeks at doses as low as 10 parasites. Mice infected with CTK11, an isolate containing five copies of the fusion sequence, showed no overt symptoms of disease and were protected from lethal challenge with the parental RH strain. The CTK11 isolate showed no difference in growth rate, the rate of host cell invasion, or extracellular viability in cell culture compared with parental RH parasites, demonstrating that the CAT-HSTK fusion protein does not affect the normal viability of this isolate. B11, B11C, and D1 isolates contained one or two copies of the CAT-HSTK coding sequence, were not sensitive to thymidine in cell culture, and caused 100% mortality in CD-1 outbred mice in <12 days. A fourth isolate, D1C, contained seven copies of the CAT-HSTK fusion sequence and was sensitive to exogenous thymidine (50% inhibitory concentration = 5.5 microM). Mice infected with D1C showed no symptoms of disease and survived beyond 90 days, thus correlating increased CAT-HSTK gene copies with thymidine sensitivity in cell culture and attenuated virulence in mice. BALB/c mice containing a targeted disruption of the gamma interferon gene (gko) were also susceptible to infection with CTK11 parasites but could be rescued by administration of subcutaneous thymidine once each day for 5 or 10 days following infection. These results suggest that the attenuation of CAT-HSTK(+) isolates in mice is directly due to active thymidine kinase that likely alters the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway in these parasites.
Field Experiments with Transformed Plants Reveal the Sense of Floral Scents (2008)

Plants use many means to attract pollinators, including visual cues and odor. We investigated how nonpigment floral chemistry influences nectar removal, floral visitation, florivory, rates of outcrossing, and fitness through both male and female functions. We blocked expression of biosynthetic genes of the dominant floral attractant [benzyl acetone (Nachal1)] and nectar repellent [nicotine (Napmt1/2)] in all combinations in the native tobacco Nicotiana attenuata and measured their effects on plants in their native habitat. Both repellent and attractant were required to maximize capsule production and seed siring in emasculated flowers and flower visitation by native pollinators, whereas nicotine reduced florivory and nectar robbing.
Methods of suppression or avoidance of parallel-plate power leakage from conductor-backed transmission lines (1996)

Four useful methods are presented to suppress and/or avoid parallel-plate leakage from conductor-backed printed transmission lines. These include: 1) the use of shorting-pins; 2) the use of a dielectric-guide-coupled configuration; 3) using a two-layered conductor-backing configuration; and 4) dielectric loading on top. New analyses to model the leakage suppression due to the shorting-strips and the dielectric-guide-coupled geometries are presented, with selected demonstrative results and critical discussions. It is concluded that the unwanted leakage in many printed transmission lines, that are otherwise attractive for integrated circuits and phased array applications, can be successfully avoided and/or significantly suppressed using the proposed techniques.
The Importance of ATP Binding and Hydrolysis by Hsp90 in Formation and Function of Protein Heterocomplexes (1999)

The chaperone hsp90 is capable of binding and hydrolyzing ATP. Using information on a related ATPase, DNA gyrase B, we selected three conserved residues in hsp90's ATP-binding domain for mutation. Two of these mutations eliminate nucleotide binding, while the third retains nucleotide binding but is apparently deficient in ATP hydrolysis. We first analyzed how these mutations affect hsp90's binding to the co-chaperones p23 and Hop, and to the hydrophobic resin, phenyl-Sepharose. These experiments showed that ATP's effects, specifically, increased affinity for p23 and decreased affinity for Hop and phenyl-Sepharose, are brought on by ATP binding alone. We also tested the ability of hsp90 mutants to assist hsp70, hsp40, and Hop in the refolding of denatured firefly luciferase. While hsp90 is capable of participating in this process in a nucleotide-independent manner, the ability to hydrolyze ATP markedly potentiates hsp90's effect. Finally, we assembled progesterone receptor heterocomplexes with hsp70, hsp40, Hop, p23, and wild type or mutant hsp90. While neither ATP binding nor hydrolysis was necessary to bind hsp90 to the receptor, mature complexes containing p23 and capable of hormone binding were only obtained with wild type hsp90.