gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient flow control for multimedia and TCP/IP traffics (2002)

The purpose of this paper is to propose a modified explicit rate indication for congestion avoidance (MERICA) scheme for ATM networks. This modified scheme belongs to the class of closed-loop rate-based congestion control scheme. Three aspects are modified for making the scheme to adapt to various traffic types of ATM networks. First, the VBR and CBR traffics are considered. Second, a new congestion eliminating scheme is shown. Third, a new BECN mechanism for available bit rate (ABR) sources is presented. In the simulation model, two environments, LAN and WAN, are simulated to illustrate the performance factors, including the link utilization, the average waiting time, the fairness, and the loss rate. The simulation results show that the link utilization of MERICA performs well; meanwhile, its average delay and fairness are also better than other explicit rate congestion control mechanisms. Furthermore, the most attractive advantage is that MERICA has no loss in LAN and WAN environments.
AiAds: Automated and Intelligent Advertising System for Sponsored Search (2019)

Sponsored search has more than 20 years of history, and it has been proven to be a successful business model for online advertising. Based on the pay-per-click pricing model and the keyword targeting technology, the sponsored system runs online auctions to determine the allocations and prices of search advertisements. In the traditional setting, advertisers should manually create lots of ad creatives and bid on some relevant keywords to target their audience. Due to the huge amount of search traffic and a wide variety of ad creations, the limits of manual optimizations from advertisers become the main bottleneck for improving the efficiency of this market. Moreover, as many emerging advertising forms and supplies are growing, it's crucial for sponsored search platform to pay more attention to the ROI metrics of ads for getting the marketing budgets of advertisers. In this paper, we present the AiAds system developed at Baidu, which use machine learning techniques to build an automated and intelligent advertising system. By designing and implementing the automated bidding strategy, the intelligent targeting and the intelligent creation models, the AiAds system can transform the manual optimizations into multiple automated tasks and optimize these tasks in advanced methods. AiAds is a brand-new architecture of sponsored search system which changes the bidding language and allocation mechanism, breaks the limit of keyword targeting with end-to-end ad retrieval framework and provides global optimization of ad creation. This system can increase the advertiser's campaign performance, the user experience and the revenue of the advertising platform simultaneously and significantly. We present the overall architecture and modeling techniques for each module of the system and share our lessons learned in solving several key challenges.
Maillard Reaction (2005)

Research in the field of the Maillard reaction has developed rapidly in recent years as a result of not only the application of improved analytical techniques, but also of the realisation that the Maillard reaction plays an important role in some human diseases and in the ageing process. The Maillard Reaction: Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Implications provides a comprehensive treatise on the Maillard reaction. This single-author volume covers all aspects of the Maillard reaction in a uniform, co-ordinated, and up-to-date manner. The book encompasses: the chemistry of non-enzymic browning; recent advances; colour formation in non-enzymic browning; flavour and off-flavour formation in non-enzymic browning; toxicological aspects; nutritional aspects; other physiological aspects; other consequences of technological significance; implications for other fields; non-enzymic browning due mainly to ascorbic acid; caramelisation; inhibition of non-enzymic browning in foods; and inhibition of the Maillard reaction in vivo. The Maillard Reaction: Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Implications will be welcomed as an important publication for both new and experienced researchers who are involved in solving the mysteries and complexities of Maillard chemistry and biochemistry. It will also appeal to students, university lecturers, and researchers in a variety of fields, including food science, nutrition, biochemistry, medicine, pharmacology, toxicology, and soil science.
Copolymerization of Propylene and Isoprene by the Ziegler Type Catalyst (1963)

TiCl4-Al (C2H5) 3系チグラー触媒を用いてプロピレンとイソプレンの共重合を行ない, 触媒調製条件によりコポリマー組成が著しく異なることを見出した。すなわち両モノマー共存下に調製した触媒よりも, プロピレンのみの存在下で調製した触媒を用いて共重合した方がプロピレン含有率の高いコポリマーが得られる。このような触媒の調製に必要なプロピレン量はそれほど多くなく, 使用する四塩化チタンの数倍モル程度である。触媒調製時はある程度長い方がよく, 触媒成分比 (AI/Tiモル比) はプロピレンの単独重合に活性大であるような値で触媒調製をする必要がある。また, このような触媒を用いて共重合を行なうと, 重合時間の増加とともにコポリマー中のプロピレン含有率は高くなる。以上のことから触媒調製時に存在するオレフィンの種類によって触媒の共重合活性が異なること, 触媒生成は瞬時に終るものでなくある程度の時間がかかることおよび触媒活性に経時変化があることなどが結論される。
Analysis on PVR Service as a Supplementary Function of Interactive Service: Based on Satellite Broadcasting Subscribers (2013)

방송통신융합을 통해 양방향 기능이 방송에서 차지하는 비중이 점차 확장되고 있지만, 위성방송의 경우 양방향 기능이 IPTV나 케이블TV에 비해 뒤쳐져 이에 대한 전략적 서비스로 PVR이 도입되었다. 본 연구는 위성방송가입자들의 PVR 이용행태분석을 통해 현재 도입되고 있는 클라우드 PVR의 주력 서비스 방향에 실증적 정보를 제공하고자 하였다. 위성방송가입자들의 PVR 이용분석 결과, 주된 PVR 이용기능은 '시간대 이동(time-shifting)'으로 나타났으며, PVR의 이용이 많은 이용자일수록 TV 시청량이 증가하는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 PVR이 방송프로그램을 시청하는데 있어 장르의 집중(concentration)보다는 다양화(diversification)를 가져오는 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 PVR의 활성화는 온에어 방송의 시청시간을 자유롭게 변경함으로써 TV이용의 증가 및 다양한 장르의 시청유도에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. With the help of information technology, PVR has been evaluated as an innovative device that brings epochal changes for program selection and convenience of receivers with the convergence between broadcasting and telecommunication. Satellite broadcasters introduced PVR service to strengthen its interactive function. This study analyzed PVR user behavior and how it changed the existing TV viewing behavior through satellite subscribers. The results revealed that PVR subscribers mainly used it for time shifting like VCR use. FUrthermore, heavy PVR users watched TV more than on average and enjoyed a divers genre of programs. This study provides scholarly implication for PVR using behavior and its effects and its useful information for contents and marketing strategy to help PVR service popularization.
The bi‐modal organization (2013)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assist an organization to restructure as a bi‐modal organization in order to achieve sustainability in today's highly complex business world. Design/methodology/approach The paper is conceptual and is based on relevant literature and the authors' research and practice. Findings Although fluid self‐organizing networks are the natural state for humankind, in most organizations “organizing” entails the process of autopoiesis. This process does not produce the open fluid organization that is required for success in today's business world. While autopoiesis is taking place, informal socialization is taking place across the organization's interpersonal networks. Under supportive conditions, this leads to the development of a bi‐modal organization where one or more open systems may emerge and co‐exist concurrently with the autopoietic system; these open systems include fluid networks and complex adaptive system. The bi‐modal organization achieves sustainability by balancing a certain amount of organization versus a certain amount of instability, leading to predictability with disorder, and planned long‐term strategy achieved through many concurrent short‐term actions. Research limitations/implications Future research will involve an empirical study that will further examine the bi‐modal organization, its development, and its properties. Practical implications The systems that surround a business organization now and for the foreseeable future are highly dynamic, competitive, and socially individualized, and demand a new organizational form and competencies that may only be exhibited by a bi‐modal organization based on an open system. The paper describes how an organization can restructure to become a bi‐modal organization. Social implications The paper should help improve quality of work‐life and organizational structure. Originality/value The paper describes a new organizational form designed to flourish in today's complex business contexts.
Ex Vivo Expansion of CD4 Lymphocytes from Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Persons in the Presence of Combination Antiretroviral Agents (1995)

Expansion of CD4 lymphocytes from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected persons ex vivo has been limited by enhanced virus replication and cell death. The successful expansion of functional CD4 lymphocytes from HIV-1-infected persons has now been accomplished using a bispecific monoclonal antibody to CD3 and CD8 in combination with three antiretroviral agents. CD4 lymphocytes were polyclonally expanded by a factor of 10(3)-10(7) during 4-8 weeks in culture. Supernatants from most cultures were persistently HIV-1 p24 antigen-negative by day 14 and remained negative despite removal of antiretroviral agents at day 28. In such cultures, HIV-1 could not be recovered by cocultivation, and amounts of HIV-1 DNA declined or remained stable at low levels, eventually becoming undetectable in 2 cases. This approach establishes the feasibility of CD4 lymphocyte expansion in persons with HIV disease and may be useful for immune-based or gene therapies.
Splenorenal reflex modulates renal blood flow in the rat (2004)

We have previously shown that the splenorenal reflex controls renin release through splenic afferent and renal sympathetic nerves. We proposed that this reflex would also affect renal blood flow (RBF). RBF was measured in male Long Evans rats using transit-time flow probes. There were no significant differences between any of the experimental groups with respect to baseline values of RBF (8.9 +/- 0.4 ml min(-1), n= 25) or mean arterial pressure (MAP, 98.7 +/- 2.5 mmHg, n= 25). Splenic venous pressure was selectively raised (from 7.9 +/- 0.6 to 21.6 +/- 0.3 mmHg, n= 25) in anaesthetized rats by partial ligation of the splenic vein. This caused an immediate fall in RBF (-2.1 +/- 0.2 ml min(-1), n= 7) and in MAP (-12.4 +/- 2.8 mmHg, n= 7). The fall in RBF, but not the fall in blood pressure, was attenuated by renal denervation (DeltaRBF: - 0.7 +/- 0.1 ml min(-1), n= 6), splenic denervation (DeltaRBF: -0.8 +/- 0.1 ml min(-1), n= 6) and close renal arterial injection of the alpha1-adrenergic blocker phenoxybenzamine (12.5 microg; DeltaRBF: -0.8 +/- 0.1 ml min(-1), n= 6). Renal conductance fell only in the intact control group, i.e. the residual fall in RBF in the denervated and phenoxybenzamine-treated animals could be attributed to the fall in MAP. We also showed that splenic vein occlusion increased both splenic afferent (from 3.0 +/- 0.3 to 6.6 +/- 0.6 spikes s(-1), n= 5) and renal efferent (from 24.8 +/- 2.0 to 50.2 +/- 4.9 spikes s(-1), n= 9) nerve activity. We conclude that obstruction to splenic venous outflow, such as would occur in portal hypertension, initiates increased splenic afferent nerve activity and renal vasoconstriction through the splenorenal reflex, as well as a fall in blood pressure. We propose that this contributes to the renal and cardiovascular dysfunction observed in portal hypertension.
Pbx1 is converted into a transcriptional activator upon acquiring the N-terminal region of E2A in pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastoid leukemia. (1993)

Twenty-five percent of human pediatric pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs) are characterized by the t(1;19)(q23;p13.3) chromosomal translocation. This translocation joins the 5' region of the E2A gene to the 3' region of the Pbx1 gene. The protein encoded by this chimeric gene contains the N-terminal transcriptional activation domain of E2A fused to the C-terminal region of Pbx1, which contains a putative homeodomain. Here we show that the Pbx1 homeodomain preferentially binds the sequence ATCAATCAA. We further show that promoters containing Pbx1-binding sites are activated by the chimeric E2A-Pbx1 protein but not by Pbx1. These results indicate that the t(1;19) translocation converts a nonactivating DNA-binding protein into a potent transcriptional activator, suggesting an unusual mechanism for oncogenic transformation.
Cation exchange in cell walls of gram-positive bacteria (1976)

The relative affinities of various cations for anionic sites in isolated, bacterial cell walls were assessed by means of a technique involving displacement of one cation by another. The affinity series determined was H+ greater than La3+ greater than Cd2+ greater than Sr2+ greater than Ca2+ greater than Mg2+ greater than K+ greater than Na+ greater than Li+. High affinity was correlated with low mobility of the bound ions in an electric field. The net cation-exchange capacities of walls isolated from a variety of bacteria were estimated by preparing the magnesium forms of the walls, washing them well with deionized water to remove supernumerary ions, and then completely displacing the magnesium with Na+ or H+. Total amounts of magnesium displaced varied from 73 mumol per gram dry weight, for walls of the teichoic acid-deficient 52A5 strain of Staphylococcus aureus to about 520 mumol per gram for Bacillus megaterium KM walls....
Transcoder architectures for video coding (1998)

This paper discusses the problem of transcoding H.263-based video streams. Two different models for transcoding are examined, rate reduction and resolution reduction. Results show that the computational complexity of the basic transcoding model can be reduced for each model by, on average, 39% and 23% without significant lose in quality. Comparisons with the scaleable coding model are also shown.
CONSENSUS ON THE PRENATAL MANAGEMENT OF ANTENATALLY DETECTED UROLOGICAL ABNORMALITIES (2000)

The incidence of an antenatally detected genitourinary abnormality is 0.5% of all pregnancies assessed, and rarely is antenatal intervention indicated. A survey of pediatric urologists was undertaken to evaluate current practice patterns and recommendations regarding the need to intervene in the antenatal period.A survey instrument was mailed to all members of the Society for Fetal Urology. There were 7 case scenarios that addressed critical decision points in patients with antenatally detected genitourinary abnormalities.A total of 112 of 188 Society for Fetal Urology members (60%) completed the survey. Observation with serial ultrasound was recommended for a 32-week fetus with ureteropelvic junction obstruction. For a 36-week fetus with suspected posterior urethral valves without oligohydramnios most respondents elected no intervention with a minority favoring early delivery. For a 23-week fetus with suspected posterior urethral valves and oligohydramnios with normal bladder electrolytes most respondents agreed with a vesicoamniotic shunt. There was no clear consensus for a 20-week fetus with suspected posterior urethral valves, oligohydramnios and a nonfunctioning right kidney. Most respondents recommended serial ultrasound to follow an 18-week fetus with suspected posterior urethral valves and normal amniotic fluid. Antenatal intervention was not recommended for a 20-week fetus with bilateral renal cystic disease, and most respondents elected no intervention for a 28-week fetus with a solitary kidney with suspected ureteropelvic junction obstruction and normal amniotic fluid.Situations that warrant antenatal intervention for a genitourinary abnormality are exceedingly low and may include cases of oligohydramnios, suspected favorable renal function and the absence of life threatening congenital abnormalities. In cases with normal amniotic fluid antenatal intervention is not recommended regardless of the detected abnormality. There is an emerging trend toward early delivery of fetuses with severe genitourinary abnormalities, normal amniotic fluid and confirmed lung maturity.
Ultrahigh Modulus Polymers (1977)

When a polymer is rolled or drawn by conventional processes, it is not as stiff or as strong as theory predicts. Professor Ward outlines in this article two recent approaches to the resolution of this problem and the subsequent developments in 'ultrahigh modulus polymers' which have produced a new range of materials for the polymer scientist
Protective Immunity to<i>Streptococcus mutans</i>Induced by Nasal Vaccination with Surface Protein Antigen and Mutant Cholera Toxin Adjuvant (2001)

In this study, mice were immunized nasally with surface protein antigen of Streptococcus mutans serotype c (PAc) and a nontoxic A subunit mutant of cholera toxin (mCT) E112K, as a mucosal adjuvant. Immunization with PAc and mCT elicited significant PAc-specific secretory IgA in saliva and in nasal secretions. Antibody-forming cell (AFC) analysis confirmed the antibody (Ab) titers by revealing significant numbers of PAc-specific IgA AFCs in the submandibular gland and nasal passages. Furthermore, CD4(+) T cells from cervical lymph nodes exhibited significant proliferative responses when restimulated with PAc in vitro. Importantly, mice that were nasally immunized with PAc plus mCT E112K exhibited significantly reduced oral colonization by S. mutans. These results show that nasal administration of PAc and mCT E112K is potentially an effective mucosal vaccine against dental caries and reduces the colonization of S. mutans in the oral cavity.
Diplex Doppler radar for automotive obstacle detection (1974)

The usefulness of radar as an automotive obstacle detection system is currently being investigated. Possible applications of such a system presently are automatic braking and air bag actuation and eventually the totally automatic highway. One type of radar having possible potential for these short range applications is diplex Doppler radar. The microwave and electronic circuits basic to a diplex Doppler radar obstacle detection system are described in this paper. The system provides Analog outputs proportional to range, velocity, and time to impact relative to an obstacle, as well as indicating whether the velocity is opening or closing.
Fingerprint Gender Classification using Wavelet Transform and Singular Value Decomposition (2012)

A novel method of gender Classification from fingerprint is proposed based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD). The classification is achieved by extracting the energy computed from all the sub-bands of DWT combined with the spatial features of non-zero singular values obtained from the SVD of fingerprint images. K nearest neighbor (KNN) used as a classifier. This method is experimented with the internal database of 3570 fingerprints finger prints in which 1980 were male fingerprints and 1590 were female fingerprints. Finger-wise gender classification is achieved which is 94.32% for the left hand little fingers of female persons and 95.46% for the left hand index finger of male persons. Gender classification for any finger of male persons tested is attained as 91.67% and 84.69% for female persons respectively. Overall classification rate is 88.28% has been achieved.
Effect of Hyperoxia and Hypoxia on Subcutaneous Tissue Gases and pH (1999)

The effect of different fractions of inspired oxygen on subcutaneous oxygen tension, carbon dioxide tension and pH in relation to arterial and mixed venous blood gases and pH and hemodynamic variables was evaluated in 13 domestic pigs. Subcutaneous, arterial and mixed venous oxygen tensions were closely correlated (r = 0.94). A minor significant increase in subcutaneous carbon dioxide tension was noted during hyperoxia (p < 0.05). A major increase (33%) was noted during the last step of hypoxia, when arterial and mixed venous carbon dioxide tensions increased only 12 and 17%, respectively. A minor decrease in subcutaneous pH was noted during hyperoxia (p < 0.05) and a major decrease during hypoxia (p < 0.05). Measurements of subcutaneous tissue gases and pH are indicators of oxygen utilization during hyper- and hypoxia.
A rare synovial sarcoma of the kidney exhibiting translocation (X;18) and SYT-SSX2 fusion gene. (2002)

Malignant spindle cell neoplasms are often a diagnostic challenge in histopathology, especially those arising from unusual locations. The authors report a primary synovial sarcoma of the kidney in a 19-year-old female. Initially, the tumor was considered adult Wilms' tumor exhibiting predominantly blastemal component. It was then revised to monophasic synovial sarcoma due to discovery of the characteristic chromosomal translocation (X;18)(p11.2;q11.2). This is the tenth reported case of renal synovial sarcoma with genetic confirmation. In addition to emphasizing the usefulness of genetic study in diagnostic pathology, the clinical implication of SYT/SSX subtypes and other additional chromosomal changes were also discussed by reviewing literature.
Out-of-plane coordination and exchange coupling in oxygen-bridged copper(II) dimers (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOut-of-plane coordination and exchange coupling in oxygen-bridged copper(II) dimersB. Chiari, Olivo Piovesana, T. Tarantelli, and P. F. ZanazziCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1988, 27, 23, 4149–4153Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00296a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00296a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views108Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Sensitive optomechanical transduction of electric and magnetic signals to the optical domain (2019)

We report a radio-frequency-to-optical converter based on an electro-optomechanical transduction scheme where the electrical, optical, and mechanical interface was integrated on a chip and operated with a fiber-coupled optical setup. The device was designed for field tests in a magnetic resonance scanner where its small form-factor and simple operation is paramount. For the appurtenant magnetic resonance detection circuit at 32 MHz, we demonstrate transduction with an intrinsic magnetic field sensitivity of 8 fT/Hz, noise figure 2.3 dB, noise temperature 210 K, voltage noise 99 pV/Hz, and current noise 113 pA/Hz, all in a 3 dB-bandwidth of 12 kHz. Such sensitivity and bandwidth make the transducer a valuable alternative to conventional electronic preamplifiers that additionally is directly compatible with fiber communication networks.
Some Equivalence Theorems of Electromagnetics and Their Application to Radiation Problems (1936)

After a review of the general aspects of the classical electromagnetic theory several “equivalence” theorems are established and illustrated with a number of examples from the diffraction theory. Then follows a discussion of possible applications of these theorems to radiation problems. The latter part of the paper is devoted to the calculation of the power radiated from an open end of a coaxial pair.