gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PROCESS OPTIMIZATION AND PROPERTIES OF SELECT NON-FERROUS MATERIALS USING HIGH PRESSURE COMBUSTION DRIVEN POWDER COMPACTION (2008)

The materials processing and properties of copper, and select refractory materials such as tungsten, molybdenum, TZM and niobium compacted using 300 Ton Combustion Driven Compaction Press are presented. The process advantages of higher pressure CDC compaction (e.g., up to 150 tsi) include: much higher part densities in green and sintered conditions, near net shaping ability, less part shrinkages and improved microstructural and materials behavior. Efforts to optimize the process conditions together with effects on geometrical, physical, and microstructures will be discussed and technological advantages of higher pressure consolidation for scientific advancement and commercial applications will be presented. Potential commercial applications of CDC technology include RF accelerator subsystem accessories, laser optical mirror substrates/heat sinks, x-ray targets, high performance valves, rocket motor components, high temperature parts and biomedical implants. The produced parts were of near net shape or net shape quality at compaction pressures up to 150 tsi which revealed higher part densities and improved microstructural and properties than attainable by conventional P/M techniques.
Induction of Morphogenetic Changes and Acceleration of Leaf Initiation by Gibberellic Acid in Xanthium pennsylvanicum (1973)

One application of gibberellic acid (GA3) to young internodes significantly accelerated the rate of leaf initiation and caused an increase in the number of internodes in shoots of Xanthium pennsylvanicum. The average duration of one plastochron was reduced from 3.3 to 1.9 days. The rate of growth of the GA3-treated internodes, and also of those positioned above and below, was at least twice that of the control. It appeared that the growth substance was translocated both acropetally and basipetally from the locus of application and that it significantly accelerated the rate of stem elongation. Gibberellic acid also had a pronounced morphogenetic effect on the leaves. It induced the development of lanceolate leaves instead of typical deltoid leaves. The area and the leaf length of the treated plants were both significantly reduced. Each response may be regulated by increasing or decreasing the concentration of gibberellic acid. The induced morphogenetic changes were not permanent. A reversion to the original condition was noticeable about 8 wk after treatment.
K-Resin BDS Polymer: A New Clear Impact-Resistant Polystyrene (1974)

Introduction In the third quarter of 1972 Phillips Petroleum Company started up a new plant to produce a new family of styrene plastics known as K-Resin BDS polymer. The initial plant capacity was 10 MM pounds per year but this is presently being expanded. The resins are clear and tough and their moderate pricing places them between the low cost resins such as polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene which are either clear or tough (but not both) and high priced resins such as cellulosics, clear ABS and polycarbonate, which are both clear and tough. The exceptional clarity and impact resistance make them desirable replacements for conventional polystyrenes and other clear resins in many applications(1). Applications thus far realized are in toys, housewares storage units, lids, and a wide variety of packaging uses including blister packs, injection molded tubs, bottles, and boxes having integral hinges. These resins are copolymers of styrene and
A 200 Mb/s PRML read/write channel IC (2002)

The hard disk drive industry is looking at synchronous design techniques (PRML) with a view to increasing storage density. Currently the high performance commercial read/write channels use (0, 4/4) codes to achieve up to 120 Mb/s data transfer rates. This paper describes a fully integrated read/write channel IC that operates at over 200 Mb/s. The single-chip solution in 0.51 /spl mu/m BiCMOS, has 20 mm/sup 2/ die and uses 0.85 W at 200 Mb/s.
Coincidence Detection in Pyramidal Neurons Is Tuned by Their Dendritic Branching Pattern (2003)

Neurons display a variety of complex dendritic morphologies even within the same class. We examined the relationship between dendritic arborization and the coupling between somatic and dendritic action potential (AP) initiation sites in layer 5 (L5) neocortical pyramidal neurons. Coupling was defined as the relative reduction in threshold for initiation of a dendritic calcium AP due to a coincident back-propagating AP. Simulations based on reconstructions of biocytin-filled cells showed that addition of oblique branches of the main apical dendrite in close proximity to the soma (d < 140 microm) increases the coupling between the apical and axosomatic AP initiation zones, whereas incorporation of distal branches decreases coupling. Experimental studies on L5 pyramids in acute brain slices revealed a highly significant (n = 28, r = 0.63, P < 0.0005) correlation: increasing the fraction of proximal oblique dendrites (d < 140 microm), e.g., from 30 to 60% resulted on average in an increase of the coupling from approximately 35% to almost 60%. We conclude that variation in dendritic arborization may be a key determinant of variability in coupling (49 +/- 17%; range 19-83%; n = 37) and is likely to outweigh the contribution made by variations in active membrane properties. Thus coincidence detection of inputs arriving from different cortical layers is strongly regulated by differences in dendritic arborization.
Model predictive fluid temperature control for the quiet hydraulic precision turning machine (2002)

An application example of the model predictive control for the fluid temperature control of a precision machine is presented. The Stanford's quiet hydraulic precision lathe was designed to have an open fluid circulation system. By use of the temperature controlled fluid for the liquid shower as well as for the machine actuation, a uniform temperature environment can easily be generated and the machining accuracy level can be assured. The fluid temperature is regulated by a commercially available cross-flow type heat exchanger. Due to the inherent nonlinearities, and long time-delay characteristics, regulation of the fluid temperature variation at the shower point down to m/spl deg/C level is a very challenging problem. Successive feedback loops with Smith-predictors and disturbance feedforward control are implemented to regulate both the heat exchanger outlet and the shower point temperature. Good control results are obtained by this approach. The model predictive control with intentional temporal mismatch is also studied and verified by experimental results. The system performances are found to be dependent on a normalized parameter value, K/spl tau/.
Exposing Chat Features through Analysis of Uptake between Contributions (2012)

Understanding distributed learning and knowledge creation requires multi-level analysis of local activity and of how this local activity gives rise to larger phenomena in a network. Computational support is needed for such analyses due to the size of the data and distributed nature of interaction. This paper reports on one step towards implementing an analytic framework that addresses these needs. Contingencies, defined as observed relationships between contributions that evidence contextual relevance, are computed according to automatable rules, and combined to infer uptake relations between contributions. The resulting uptake structure is then analyzed through various network-analytic methods and is also transformed into a graph of uptake between actors for social network analysis. Our initial results show that a simple contingency analysis based on temporal factors, actor addressing, and lexical overlap provides structures of sufficient quality for identification of major features of a discussion and the roles of actors. The results are expected to improve as semantic analysis is added.
Effects of Heat Transfer on Vehicle Front-End Cooling Airflow Simulation (2017)

This research focuses on virtual simulation techniques for vehicle underhood airflow. The main objective is to gain a better understanding of heat transfer effects on vehicle underhood cooling airflow and provide correction methods to increase the accuracy of simulations early in the vehicle development phase. Simulations are carried out for a stand-alone radiator setup, based on three different flow assumptions; constant density iso-thermal, constant density with heat transfer, and variable density with heat transfer. It was observed that, in some cases, corrected heat exchanger porous resistance terms need to be adopted for each simulation case in order to provide good correlation with test data. Similar flow assumptions are carried over to a full vehicle underhood simulation, for which additional components, such as a transmission oil cooler, condenser, and fan were modeled. It was observed that mass flow rates at the radiator inlet are over-estimated with the assumption of an incompressible iso-thermal flow; by 2% with respect to the incompressible simulation with temperature effects, and by 10% with respect to the variable density simulation with temperature effects. It is suggested that in order to capture the local increase in velocity field at the heat exchangers, it is necessary to perform simulations with a variable density. However, to establish confidence in the quantitative results, further studies regarding the impact of fan modelling and variable density effects should be performed.
Dopaminergic co-transmission with sonic hedgehog inhibits abnormal involuntary movements in models of Parkinson’s disease and L-Dopa induced dyskinesia (2021)

Abstract L-Dopa induced dyskinesia (LID) is a debilitating side effect of dopamine replacement therapy for Parkinson’s Disease. The mechanistic underpinnings of LID remain obscure. Here we report that diminished sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling in the basal ganglia caused by the degeneration of midbrain dopamine neurons facilitates the formation and expression of LID. We find that the pharmacological activation of Smoothened, a downstream effector of Shh, attenuates LID in the neurotoxic 6-OHDA- and genetic aphakia mouse models of Parkinson’s Disease. Employing conditional genetic loss-of-function approaches, we show that reducing Shh secretion from dopamine neurons or Smoothened activity in cholinergic interneurons promotes LID. Conversely, the selective expression of constitutively active Smoothened in cholinergic interneurons is sufficient to render the sensitized aphakia model of Parkinson’s Disease resistant to LID. Furthermore, acute depletion of Shh from dopamine neurons through prolonged optogenetic stimulation in otherwise intact mice and in the absence of L-Dopa produces LID-like involuntary movements. These findings indicate that augmenting Shh signaling in the L-Dopa treated brain may be a promising therapeutic approach for mitigating the dyskinetic side effects of long-term treatment with L-Dopa.
Purification and Characterization of the 26S Proteasome Complex Catalyzing ATP-Dependent Breakdown of Ubiquitin-Ligated Prot from Rat Liver1 (1993)

An ATP/ubiquitin-dependent proteasome complex with an apparent sedimentation coefficient of 26S was purified from rat liver to near homogeneity by an improved method based on procedures reported previously. Two electrophoretically distinct forms of the 26S complex, named 26S alpha and 26S beta, with very similar subunit compositions were found not only in purified preparations but also in crude extracts, indicating that the 26S proteasome is present as two isoforms. The 26S proteasome was shown to degrade multi-ubiquitinated, but not unmodified, lysozymes in an ATP-dependent fashion, to have ATPase activity supplying energy for proteolysis, and to contain isopeptidase activity to generate free ubiquitin Mg2+/ATP-dependently. The 26S proteasome also catalyzed the ATP-independent hydrolyses of three types of fluorogenic peptides with basic, neutral, and acidic amino acids at their cleavage sites, respectively. These peptides are also good substrates for the 20S proteasome, but their degradation by the free 20S proteasome and by its assembled form in the 26S complex differ markedly, suggesting a functional difference between the two forms of proteasomes. Electrophoretic and immunochemical analyses showed that the large 26S complex was composed grossly of two different structures: a core 20S proteasome with multicatalytic proteinase functions and an associated part possibly with a regulatory role. These two structures both consisted of multiple polypeptides with molecular masses of 21-31 and 35-110 kDa, respectively. The subunit multiplicity of the rat 26S proteasome closely resembled that of the human counterpart, showing only minor species-specific differences in certain components. The assembly of this multi-component complex was found not to involve a sulfhydryl bond. Electrophoretic peptide mapping with lysyl-endopeptidase indicated the non-identity of the multiple subunits of the 26S proteasome. From these structural and functional characteristics, the 26S proteasome, which is widely distributed in mammals, is suggested to be a new type of multi-molecular complex catalyzing the soluble energy- and ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway.
An active triple‐catalytic hybrid enzyme engineered by linking cyclo‐oxygenase isoform‐1 to prostacyclin synthase that can constantly biosynthesize prostacyclin, the vascular protector (2008)

It remains a challenge to achieve the stable and long-term expression (in human cell lines) of a previously engineered hybrid enzyme [triple-catalytic (Trip-cat) enzyme-2; Ruan KH, Deng H & So SP (2006) Biochemistry45, 14003-14011], which links cyclo-oxygenase isoform-2 (COX-2) to prostacyclin (PGI(2)) synthase (PGIS) for the direct conversion of arachidonic acid into PGI(2) through the enzyme's Trip-cat functions. The stable upregulation of the biosynthesis of the vascular protector, PGI(2), in cells is an ideal model for the prevention and treatment of thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2))-mediated thrombosis and vasoconstriction, both of which cause stroke, myocardial infarction, and hypertension. Here, we report another case of engineering of the Trip-cat enzyme, in which human cyclo-oxygenase isoform-1, which has a different C-terminal sequence from COX-2, was linked to PGI(2) synthase and called Trip-cat enzyme-1. Transient expression of recombinant Trip-cat enzyme-1 in HEK293 cells led to 3-5-fold higher expression capacity and better PGI(2)-synthesizing activity as compared to that of the previously engineered Trip-cat enzyme-2. Furthermore, an HEK293 cell line that can stably express the active new Trip-cat enzyme-1 and constantly synthesize the bioactive PGI(2) was established by a screening approach. In addition, the stable HEK293 cell line, with constant production of PGI(2), revealed strong antiplatelet aggregation properties through its unique dual functions (increasing PGI(2) production while decreasing TXA(2) production) in TXA(2) synthase-rich plasma. This study has optimized engineering of the active Trip-cat enzyme, allowing it to become the first to stably upregulate PGI(2) biosynthesis in a human cell line, which provides a basis for developing a PGI(2)-producing therapeutic cell line for use against vascular diseases.
HTLV‐I is endemic in Southern Italy: Detection of the first infectious cluster in a white population (1985)

Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-I) infection is observed among black and Japanese populations in well-delimited endemic spots in association with a high incidence of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). We present evidence of HTLV-I infection in two ATL patients from southeastern Italy who have not travelled and who have no known relations abroad, and in 8% of non-leukemic controls from the same area. Thus, populations exhibiting HTLV-I infection appear more widespread than supposed up to now.
Integrating atomic layer deposition and ultra-high vacuum physical vapor deposition for <i>in situ</i> fabrication of tunnel junctions (2014)

Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) is a promising technique for growing ultrathin, pristine dielectrics on metal substrates, which is essential to many electronic devices. Tunnel junctions are an excellent example which require a leak-free, ultrathin dielectric tunnel barrier of typical thickness around 1 nm between two metal electrodes. A challenge in the development of ultrathin dielectric tunnel barriers using ALD is controlling the nucleation of dielectrics on metals with minimal formation of native oxides at the metal surface for high-quality interfaces between the tunnel barrier and metal electrodes. This poses a critical need for integrating ALD with ultra-high vacuum (UHV) physical vapor deposition. In order to address these challenges, a viscous-flow ALD chamber was designed and interfaced to an UHV magnetron sputtering chamber via a load lock. A sample transportation system was implemented for in situ sample transfer between the ALD, load lock, and sputtering chambers. Using this integrated ALD-UHV sputtering system, superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) Nb-Al/Al2O2/Nb Josephson tunnel junctions were fabricated with tunnel barriers of thickness varied from sub-nm to ~1 nm. The suitability of using an Al wetting layer for initiation of the ALD Al2O3 tunnel barrier was investigated with ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy, and electrical transport measurements. With optimized processing conditions, leak-free SIS tunnel junctions were obtained, demonstrating the viability of this integrated ALD-UHV sputtering system for the fabrication of tunnel junctions and devices comprised of metal-dielectric-metal multilayers.
Preformed Antigen-Antibody Complex to Detect Antibodies to Hepatitis C Virus (1995)

Journal Article Preformed Antigen-Antibody Complex to Detect Antibodies to Hepatitis C Virus Get access Clinical Chemistry, Volume 41, Issue 9, 1 September 1995, Pages 1357–1358, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/41.9.1357 Published: 01 September 1995
Mechanical Stimulation Induces mTOR Signaling via an ERK-Independent Mechanism: Implications for a Direct Activation of mTOR by Phosphatidic Acid (2012)

Signaling by mTOR is a well-recognized component of the pathway through which mechanical signals regulate protein synthesis and muscle mass. However, the mechanisms involved in the mechanical regulation of mTOR signaling have not been defined. Nevertheless, recent studies suggest that a mechanically-induced increase in phosphatidic acid (PA) may be involved. There is also evidence which suggests that mechanical stimuli, and PA, utilize ERK to induce mTOR signaling. Hence, we reasoned that a mechanically-induced increase in PA might promote mTOR signaling via an ERK-dependent mechanism. To test this, we subjected mouse skeletal muscles to mechanical stimulation in the presence or absence of a MEK/ERK inhibitor, and then measured several commonly used markers of mTOR signaling. Transgenic mice expressing a rapamycin-resistant mutant of mTOR were also used to confirm the validity of these markers. The results demonstrated that mechanically-induced increases in p70(s6k) T389 and 4E-BP1 S64 phosphorylation, and unexpectedly, a loss in total 4E-BP1, were fully mTOR-dependent signaling events. Furthermore, we determined that mechanical stimulation induced these mTOR-dependent events, and protein synthesis, through an ERK-independent mechanism. Similar to mechanical stimulation, exogenous PA also induced mTOR-dependent signaling via an ERK-independent mechanism. Moreover, PA was able to directly activate mTOR signaling in vitro. Combined, these results demonstrate that mechanical stimulation induces mTOR signaling, and protein synthesis, via an ERK-independent mechanism that potentially involves a direct interaction of PA with mTOR. Furthermore, it appears that a decrease in total 4E-BP1 may be part of the mTOR-dependent mechanism through which mechanical stimuli activate protein synthesis.
Integer-Only Approximated MFCC for Ultra-Low Power Audio NN Processing on Multi-Core MCUs (2021)

Given the recent advances in the design of efficient Deep Neural Networks (DNN) for tiny edge devices, the feature extraction frontend has become a computation bottleneck for enabling audio processing on low-end MicroController Units (MCUs). To address this challenge, this work presents novel hardware-aware integer quantization schemes for the MelFrequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) feature extractor. Our high-precision integer-only 32 bit approximated flow does not lead to accuracy degradation with respect to a full-precision implementation when feeding multiple DNN models for Audio Keyword Spotting applications. In contrast, a second low-precision 16-bit approximated MFCC algorithm presents a 0.6% lower accuracy but results $3\times$ faster. Additionally, by leveraging on an 8-cores MCU, GAP8, our solution results $9.8\times$ faster than the full precision MFCC deployed on an FPU-suited MCU. When integrated within an optimized end-to-end system for Keyword Spotting, a GAP8-based audio smart device presents an overall power consumption as low as 3.4mW, demonstrating up to 35 days of lifetime with a single AA battery.
Natural isotope correction of MS/MS measurements for metabolomics and <sup>13</sup>C fluxomics (2015)

Fluxomics and metabolomics are crucial tools for metabolic engineering and biomedical analysis to determine the in vivo cellular state. Especially, the application of (13)C isotopes allows comprehensive insights into the functional operation of cellular metabolism. Compared to single MS, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) provides more detailed and accurate measurements of the metabolite enrichment patterns (tandem mass isotopomers), increasing the accuracy of metabolite concentration measurements and metabolic flux estimation. MS-type data from isotope labeling experiments is biased by naturally occurring stable isotopes (C, H, N, O, etc.). In particular, GC-MS(/MS) requires derivatization for the usually non-volatile intracellular metabolites introducing additional natural isotopes leading to measurements that do not directly represent the carbon labeling distribution. To make full use of LC- and GC-MS/MS mass isotopomer measurements, the influence of natural isotopes has to be eliminated (corrected). Our correction approach is analyzed for the two most common applications; (13)C fluxomics and isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) based metabolomics. Natural isotopes can have an impact on the calculated flux distribution which strongly depends on the substrate labeling and the actual flux distribution. Second, we show that in IDMS based metabolomics natural isotopes lead to underestimated concentrations that can and should be corrected with a nonlinear calibration. Our simulations indicate that the correction for natural abundance in isotope based fluxomics and quantitative metabolomics is essential for correct data interpretation.
Doxycycline Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Proliferation and Invasion of Human Cervical Carcinoma Stem Cells (2015)

Cancer stem cells are enriched from sphere-forming and chemoresistant HeLa-derived tumor xenografts in immunodeficient mice. Doxycycline inhibits proliferation, invasion, and differentiation, and also induces apoptosis of these HeLa-CSCs in vitro and in vivo.
Techniques to estimate radiation dose to skin during fluoroscopically guided procedures α . (2002)

Fluoroscopically guided invasive procedures are an essential part of medicine. Until the late 1980’s, most of these were relatively low dose diagnostic procedures. Patient radiation safety issues focused on the risks of stochastic injury. Deterministic effects were rare and usually attributable to malfunctioning equipment. The substantial use of fluoroscopy to guide interventional procedures began in the eighties with the widespread