gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Perspective on Deep Imaging (2016)

The combination of tomographic imaging and deep learning, or machine learning in general, promises to empower not only image analysis but also image reconstruction. The latter aspect is considered in this perspective article with an emphasis on medical imaging to develop a new generation of image reconstruction theories and techniques. This direction might lead to intelligent utilization of domain knowledge from big data, innovative approaches for image reconstruction, and superior performance in clinical and preclinical applications. To realize the full impact of machine learning for tomographic imaging, major theoretical, technical and translational efforts are immediately needed.
Analysis of vessel influence on spatial behaviour of fish schools using a multi-beam sonar and consequences for biomass estimates by echo-sounder (1996)

Biases in the measurements of spatial distribution of fish schools and their consequences for school biomass estimates during conventional acoustic surveys are mainly due to vertical and lateral avoidance of the vessel. In this paper, we quantify school avoidance during an acoustic survey carried out from 13 to 29 May 1994 in the Catalan Sea. From a lateral multi-beam sonar the geometric characteristics (depth, length, width, height, surface, and volume) of 1268 schools were obtained. The 60 beams (1.5 15 ) of the sonar scanned a vertical plane from 0 to 90 , perpendicular to the vessel path within a range of 100 m. Within this plane, the projected area ensonified by the echo-sounder used aboard for acoustic evaluation was evaluated to simulate a comparison between the sonar and the echo-sounder. The results have enabled us to improve our knowledge on the vertical and lateral avoidance patterns of schools in relation to their size, external structure, and their position in the water column, and to quantify the vessel influence on biomass estimated by echo-sounder.
A New Digital Preoperative Planning Method for Total Hip Arthroplasties (2008)

Preoperative templating is an important part of a THA. The ability to accurately determine magnification of the hip on the radiograph and apply identical magnification to the radiograph and template will improve accuracy of preoperative templating of THA. We designed a templating method using a new way of determining the hip magnification with a linear relationship between magnification of the hip and the reference object on top of the pubis symphysis; the relationship was determined on 50 radiographs. We then compared our method with two other templating methods: an analog method assuming an average hip magnification of 15% and a digital method determining the hip magnification with a one-to-one relationship between the reference object and the hip. All methods were reproducible. Uniform undersizing occurred when templating with the digital method based on the one-to-one relationship; the analog method best predicted the implanted prosthesis size, closely followed by our new digital templating method; the new method will be particularly applicable for preoperative THA when analog methods are replaced by digital methods.
NoC Architectures for Silicon Interposer Systems: Why Pay for more Wires when you Can Get them (from your interposer) for Free? (2014)

Silicon interposer technology ("2.5D" stacking) enables the integration of multiple memory stacks with a processor chip, thereby greatly increasing in-package memory capacity while largely avoiding the thermal challenges of 3D stacking DRAM on the processor. Systems employing interposers for memory integration use the interposer to provide point-to-point interconnects between chips. However, these interconnects only utilize a fraction of the interposer's overall routing capacity, and in this work we explore how to take advantage of this otherwise unused resource. We describe a general approach for extending the architecture of a network-on-chip (NoC) to better exploit the additional routing resources of the silicon interposer. We propose an asymmetric organization that distributes the NoC across both a multi-core chip and the interposer, where each sub-network is different from the other in terms of the traffic types, topologies, the use or non-use of concentration, direct vs. Indirect network organizations, and other network attributes. Through experimental evaluation, we show that exploiting the otherwise unutilized routing resources of the interposer can lead to significantly better performance.
Chemical applications of ultrafast spectroscopy (1986)

Introduction Methods of generating ultrashort light pulses Methods of characterizing ultrashort pulses Techniques of ultrafast spectrosocpy Relaxation processes in the vapor phase Relaxation processes in liquids and solutions Relaxation processes in solids.
Synthesis of Quaternary Semiconductor Nanocrystals with Tunable Band Gaps (2009)

Dispersible quaternary Cu1.0GaxIn2−xS3.5 and Cu1.0InxTl2−xS3.5 nanocrystals were successfully prepared by a toluene-thermal and a hot-injection approach and characterized using UV−vis spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). UV−vis absorption spectra of Cu1.0GaxIn2−xS3.5 nanocrystals revealed that the band gaps of alloyed nanocrystals can be precisely adjusted in the range of 1.43 to 2.42 eV by increasing the indium content. From XRD analysis, the lattice parameters of Cu1.0GaxIn2−xS3.5 nanocrystals decreased linearly with an increase in the Ga/(Ga + In) ratio in accordance with Vegard’s law, which confirmed that alloyed nanocrystals have a homogeneous structure. Alloyed Cu1.0GaxIn2−xS3.5 and Cu1.0InxTl2−xS3.5 nanocrystals have a narrow size distribution according to TEM analysis results. Moreover, it was found that oleylamine played an important role in the formation quaternary homogeneous Cu1.0GaxIn2−xS3.5 and Cu1.0InxTl2−xS3.5 nanocrystals due to eliminating the reactivity difference of copper, gallium, and indium as well as thallium precursors.
Increased secretion of tumor necrosis factors alpha, interleukin 1, and interleukin 6 by human mononuclear cells exposed to beta-galactoside-specific lectin from clinically applied mistletoe extract. (1990)

A beta-galactoside-specific lectin from proprietary mistletoe extract, recently reported to exhibit immunomodulatory potency in vivo (T. Hajto, K. Hostanska, and H J. Gabius, Cancer Res. 49: 4803-4808, 1989), induced increased secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1, and interleukin 6 in cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The enhancement of secretion, determined independently by bioassays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based quantitation, was caused by selective protein-carbohydrate interaction, as revealed by the strict dependence on the presence of the carbohydrate-binding subunit of the specific lectin-binding sugar as well as anti-lectin antibodies. Increased cytokine levels in serum of patients after injection of optimal lectin doses corroborated the in vitro results. Thus, these data provide an explanation for the increases in cellular parameters of the host defense system in vivo, which presents a further step toward their potentially beneficial clinical exploitation in standardized regimens.
The nature of biosensor technology (1988)

The biosensor exploits the unique specificity of biological recognition events by coupling an enzyme, antibody or other biorecognition species to a transducing device. Interaction of the biocomponent with substrate or antigen is thus converted into a suitable quantitative output. The development of these biosensors is a multidisciplinary effort, exploiting many of the emerging semiconductor and optics technologies and integrating many traditional assay techniques. The impact of these biosensors is likely to be wide-ranging, with applications in medical and industrial environments as well as a variety of other fields.
Design and test of latch-based circuits to maximize performance, yield, and delay test quality (2010)

The performance benefits of latch-based circuits have been known for some time. These benefits are due to the timing flexibility and skew-tolerance enabled by the ability of combinational logic blocks to borrow time from each other across the intervening level-sensitive latches. It has also been known that, by accommodating higher levels of process variations and small delay-defects, time borrowing can enhance yield at high clock frequencies. The main roadblock was that conventional scan-based delay testing approaches cannot be adapted from flip-flop-based (FF-based) circuits to latch-based circuits in a manner that can harvest above benefits. Recently, a scan-based delay testing approach has been proposed for latch-based circuits which holds the promise of harvesting the abovementioned performance and yield benefits. In this paper, we investigate two main questions. First, can this new scan-based delay testing approach provide high coverage of delay faults for all latch-based circuits - independent of the pervasiveness of time borrowing? Second, how do we design the circuit and develop tests so as to harvest maximal performance and yield benefits? We prove that the above delay testing approach for latch-based circuits obtains the maximum path delay fault coverage possible for any scan-based test methodology and this test quality is always greater than (or equal to) that obtainable for the corresponding FF-based circuit. We derive the conditions to satisfy during design and test development to guarantee maximal performance and yield benefits of latch-based designs vs. their FF-based counterparts. Hence, we show for the first time that it is possible for latch-based circuits to provide higher performance and yield and also to certify the higher performance via high delay test quality.
Apolipoprotein A-I structure and lipid properties in homogeneous, reconstituted spherical and discoidal high density lipoproteins. (1990)

We prepared a spherical reconstituted high density lipoprotein (rHDL) particle in pure form and compared it with its homogeneous discoidal rHDL precursors, in terms of the structure and stability of the apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) component, the dynamics of the surface lipids, and the relative reactivity with lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase. The apoA-I-structure was examined in the rHDL particles by circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopic methods, and the binding of monoclonal antibodies specific for apoA-I epitopes. The stability of apoA-I on the rHDL particles was assessed by the effects of guanidine hydrochloride on the wavelength of maximum intrinsic fluorescence of the apolipoprotein. Lipid dynamics in the acyl chain region and the polarity of the lipid-water interface were investigated by means of fluorescence probes. The conformation of apoA-I in the spherical 93-A rHDL particles was found to be very similar to that in the 96-A rHDL discs but distinct from the apoA-I structure in the 78-A rHDL discs. The stability of apoA-I to denaturation by guanidine hydrochloride was highest in the 93-A rHDL spheres. The experiments on the lipids indicate somewhat more ordered and motionally restricted acyl chains in the spheres, relative to the discs, but a similar surface polarity. These results suggest that the folding and organization of apoA-I on the three particles include protein domains consisting of interacting alpha-helical segments in the carboxyl-terminal region and a globular domain in the amino-terminal region of each apoA-I molecule. The reactivity with lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase was highest for the 96-A rHDL disc, and 16- and 34-fold lower for the 78-A rHDL disc and the 93-A rHDL sphere, respectively, possibly as a result of differences in apoA-I structure and product inhibition in these particles.
Magnetically coupled resonators for rate integrating gyroscopes (2014)

This work demonstrates for the first time the use of magnetic field to couple mechanical resonators that can be separated by long distances (8mm in this work) compared to coulombic/electrostatic coupling (~ 1 nm - 1 μm depending on the surface charge density or E-field). The resonators were composed of electroplated copper cantilevers with proof-mass resulting in 1 kHz resonant frequency when uncoupled. The coupling magnetic field was produced by 1 mT rare earth magnets mounted on the resonators. Electrostatic actuation and sensing was used to excite and sense the collective motion of the coupled resonators. The radial motion of the resonators in the presence of an in-plane rotation gives rise to the Coriolis force. Thus, the rotation changes the rate of energy exchange between the coupled resonators enabling rate integrating gyros.
Palladium and Nickel Catalyzed Synthesis of Biaryls from Aryl Triflates in the Presence of Zinc Powder (1993)

Palladium(II) and nickel(II) complexes catalyze the synthesis of symmetrical biaryls from aryl triflates in the presence of a reductant such as zinc powder.
A Fast Method for the Numerical Evaluation of Continuous Fourier and Laplace Transforms (1994)

The fast Fourier transform (FFT) is often used to compute numerical approximations to continuous Fourier and Laplace transforms. However, a straightforward application of the FFT to these problems often requires a large FFT to be performed, even though most of the input data to this FFT may be zero and only a small fraction of the output data may be of interest. In this note, the “fractional Fourier transform,” previously developed by the authors, is applied to this problem with a substantial savings in computation.
<i>Rapport de l’archiviste de la Province de Québec pour 1931-1932</i> (1933)

"Rapport de l’archiviste de la Province de Québec pour 1931-1932." Canadian Historical Review, 14(3), pp. 320–321
Cell DNA Replication as a Function in the Synthesis of Human Cytomegalovirus (1977)

The rate of virus and cell DNA synthesis was studied in human embryonic lung cells pre-treated with 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IdUrd) and exposed to cytomegalovirus (CMV) or medium. Analysis of DNA in CMV-infected cells following sequential 4 h pulses with 3H-thymidine indicated that a temporal relationship existed in the pattern of virus and cell DNA synthesis. The pattern of DNA replication in infected cells resembled that of a typical cell cycle, whereas the rate of cell DNA synthesis in uninfected cells remained low throughout the study. Increased rates of cell and virus DNA synthesis began concomitantly at 16 h post-infection and reached a maximum at 36 h post-infection. The rate of DNA synthesis then declined and remained at lower levels until 48 h post-infection. This was subsequently followed by a second increase in the rate of cell and virus DNA synthesis. The rates of cell and virus DNA replication were similar throughout the study in that increased and decreased rates of synthesis occurred simultaneously. It was of interest to note that CMV induced cell DNA replication in IDUrd arrested cells; in contrast, addition of fresh serum did not induce a similar increase in the rate of DNA synthesis in IdUrd arrested, but uninfected, cells.
Optical parametric chirped pulse amplification based on photonic crystal fibre (2011)

A compact two-stage optical parametric chirped pulse amplifier based on photonic crystal fibre is demonstrated. A 1064-nm soliton pulse is obtained in a home-made photonic crystal fibre (PCF) with femtosecond pulse pumping and then amplified to 2 mJ in an Nd:YAG regenerative amplifier. After the amplified pulses pass through the LBO crystal, the 532-nm double-frequency light with an energy of 0.8 mJ and a duration of over 100 ps at 10-Hz repetition rate is generated as a pump source in the following two-stage optical parametric amplification (OPA). The 850-nm chirped signal light gain from the stretcher is 1.5×104 in the first-stage OPA while it is 120 in the second-stage OPA. The total signal gain of optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA) can reach 1.8×106.
Effects of Protox Herbicide Tolerance Rice Cultivation on Microbial Community in Paddy Soil (2013)

BACKGROUND: Rice (Oryza sativa) is the most important staple food of over half the world's population. This study was conducted to evaluate the possible impact of transgenic rice cultivation on the soil microbial community. METHODS AND RESULTS: Microorganisms were isolated from the rhizosphere of GM and non-GM rice cultivation soils. Microbial community was identified based on the culture-dependent and molecular biology methods. The total numbers of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycete in the rhizosphere soils cultivated with GM and non-GM rice were similar to each other, and there was no significant difference between GM and non-GM rice. Dominant bacterial phyla in the rhizosphere soils cultivated with GM and non-GM rice were Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. The microbial communities in GM and non-GM rice cultivated soils were characterized using the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The DGGE profiles showed similar patterns, but didn't show significant difference to each other. DNAs were isolated from soils cultivating GM and non-GM rice and analyzed for persistence of inserted gene in the soil by using PCR. The PCR analysis revealed that there were no amplified protox gene in soil DNA. CONCLUSION(S): These data suggest that transgenic rice does not have a significant impact on soil microbial communities, although continued research may be necessary.
Bringing together content and data management systems: Challenges and opportunities (2002)

With advances in computing and communication technologies in recent years, two significant trends have emerged in terms of information management: heterogeneity and distribution. Heterogeneity (herein discussed in terms of different types of data, not in terms of schematic heterogeneity) pertains to information use evolving from operational business data (e.g., accounting, payroll, and inventory) to digital assets, communications, and content (e.g., documents, intellectual property, rich media, e-mail, and Web data). Information has also become widely distributed, both in scale and ownership. To manage heterogeneity, two major classes of systems have evolved: database management systems to manage structured data, and content management systems to manage document and rich media information. In this paper, we compare and contrast these different paradigms. We believe it is imperative for any business to exploit value from all information—independent of where it resides or its form. We also identify the technical challenges and opportunities for bringing these different paradigms closer together.
Experimental assessment of a RSS-based localization algorithm in indoor environment (2010)

In this paper we show the results of an experimental assessment of an indoor localization system based on a Wireless Sensor Network. The estimated position of a target node embedded in the monitored environment is obtained by running of the Relative Span Exponentially Weighted Localization (REWL) algorithm, a novel localization procedure recently proposed in the literature. The inputs of the algorithm are the Received Signal Strength (RSS) measurements collected in a real indoor scenario. A description of the developed system and a metrological characterization of the proposed technique is presented in this paper.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists for preventing recurrent stroke and other vascular events in patients with stroke or transient ischaemic attack (2014)

PPAR-γ agonists were demonstrated to reduce recurrent stroke and total events of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction or non-fatal stroke, and improve insulin sensitivity and the stabilisation of carotid plaques. There is evidence of limited quality that they are well-tolerated. However, the conclusions should be interpreted with caution considering the small number and the quality of the included studies. In future, well-designed, double-blind RCTs with large samples are required to test the efficacy and safety of PPAR-γ agonists in the secondary prevention of stroke and related vascular events in people with stroke or TIA.
1A1-V07 Development of A Knee Assist Device with A Variable Stiffness Mechanism(Cooperation between Human and Machine(1)) (2012)

In this study, we developed a knee assist device with a variable stiffness mechanism. Since the variable stiffness mechanism proposed by the authors can realize large stiffness variability, small-size and lightweight, the stiffness of the developed assist device could be adjusted from 0.0[Nm/rad] to 20[Nm/rad], and its weight became 450[g]. A preliminary walking experiment with the developed device was carried out on a flat treadmill, and we evaluated the effectiveness by using Electromyogram.
Dehydrogenation of lactones using benzeneseleninic anhydride. X-Ray crystal structure of 3β-acetoxy-14α-hydroxy-17a-oxa-<scp>D</scp>-homo-5α-androst-15-en-17-one (1982)

δ-Lactones such as 4-oxa-5α-cholestan-3-one (1) and 3β-acetoxy-17a-oxa-D-homo-5α-androstan-17-one (3) undergo smooth dehydrogenation using benzeneseleninic anhydride in chlorobenzene at 100–130 °C. Reaction of compound (3) for longer periods of time additionally leads to the formation of C-14 hydroxylated derivatives. Similar reaction of a γ-lactone, 3-oxo-17βH-pregnane-21,17-carbolactone (7), afforded only ring A dehydrogenation and no dehydrogenation of the spiro-γ-lactone ring. The structure of compound (5) was confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray analysis.
Automated high-speed Mueller matrix scatterometer (1997)

A new scatterometer-polarimeter is described. It measures the angular distribution of intensity and of the complete Mueller matrix of light scattered by rough surfaces and particle suspensions. The measurement time is 1 s/scattering angle in the present configuration but can be reduced to a few milliseconds with modified electronics. The instrument uses polarization modulation and a Fourier analysis of four detected signals to obtain the 16 Mueller matrix elements. This method is particularly well suited to online, real time, industrial process control involving rough surfaces and large particle suspensions (an arithmetic roughness or particle diameter of >1 microm). Some results are given.
Stress and Vascular Responses: Anti-inflammatory Therapeutic Strategy Against Atherosclerosis and Restenosis After Coronary Intervention (2003)

Atherosclerosis and restenosis after percutaneous coronary interventions have become major issues in public health in Western countries. Recent studies have revealed that inflammation plays an important role in pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Vascular injury may involve an inflammatory response, which accelerates the recruitment and activation of monocytes through monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). MCP-1 expression has been shown to be increased in atherosclerotic lesions and balloon injured arteries. Recently, we have devised a new strategy for anti-MCP-1 gene therapy by transfecting mutant MCP-1 gene into skeletal muscle. This mutant MCP-1 has been shown to work as a dominant-negative inhibitor of MCP-1. We here demonstrate that this strategy limited progression of pre-existing atherosclerotic lesions and improved the lesion composition into a more stable phenotype in the hypercholesterolemic mice. This strategy also suppressed monocyte infiltration/activation in the injured site and markedly inhibited restenotic changes (neointimal hyperplasia) in the carotid artery in rabbits, rats, and monkeys after balloon injury or stent implantation. Therefore, MCP-1-mediated monocyte infiltration is essential in the development of restenotic changes as well as atherosclerosis progression. MCP-1 can be a practical therapeutic target for human restenosis and atherosclerosis.