gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Convective Heat Transfer by Impingement of Circular Liquid Jets (1991)

The impingement of circular, liquid jets provides a convenient method of cooling surfaces. Here, jet impingement cooling of uniformly heated surfaces is investigated analytically and experimentally for stable, unsubmerged, uniform velocity laminar jets in the absence of phase change. Analytical and numerical predictions are developed for a laminar radial film flow. Experiments using undisturbed laminar jets were performed to determine local Nusselt numbers from the stagnation point to radii of up to 40 diameters. Turbulent transition in the film flow is observed experimentally at a certain radius. Beyond this transition radius, a separate turbulent analysis is constructed. Integral method results are compared to numerical results, and Prandtl number effects are investigated. The predictions are found to agree well with the measurements for both laminar and turbulent flow. Predictive formulae are recommended for the entire range of radii.
Reduced Complexity MUD-MLSE Receiver for Partially-Overlapping WLAN-Like Interference (2007)

The roll-out density of wireless local area networks (WLANs) has recently witnessed a dramatic increase and is currently reaching saturation levels. The frequency bands designated to WLANs does not suffice any more to provide non-overlapping, and hence interference-free, communication bands. A large body of research has been dedicated to a wide variety of optimum maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) and sub-optimum in-band interference mitigation techniques. Our contribution lies in a reduction of the state-space of a MLSE detector in the case of a desired WLAN receiver experiencing delayed interference from some other transmitters operating in partially overlapping spectral bands and over independent frequency-selecting block-fading channels. Based on the formulation of the optimum receiver, we derive a sub-optimum receiver of reduced complexity and demonstrate its satisfactory performance in the context of strong interference.
An online approach for intersection navigation of autonomous vehicle (2014)

Navigation through an intersection is a fundamental task that will enable an autonomous car to operate in a real traffic environment. Previous studies about intersection navigation generally assume vehicle to vehicle communication ability for all of the vehicles. Since this is unattainable in the near future, we focus on the scenario that vehicles on the road cannot communicate with each other. A new model is presented for this kind of intersection navigation as a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process problem. The proposed model can handle multiple numbers of cars in a dynamic environment. To validate the feasibility of the model, experiments are carried out with an autonomous golf cart in the university campus.
Erodible Conducting Polymers for Potential Biomedical Applications (2002)

Conducting films and pellets formed from β-substituted polypyrroles (see picture; R=H, CH3) erode under aqueous conditions in a pH-dependent manner, which allows erosion rates to be tailored through differences in polymer side-chain structure. These conducting materials support the attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of primary human cells, and could lead to the use of conducting polymers in a variety of new biomedical applications.
Environment-sensing climate change (1993)

The growing international effort to monitor what progress is doing to the planet is examined. The top priority has been identified as a broad one encompassing the climatic effects of clouds, water vapor, precipitation, and solar radiation. The infrared, optical, and microwave sensors that will be used are discussed, focusing on the information that will be obtained in each region of the spectrum. The new technique of limb sounding, using millimeter-wave radiation, is described. Some of the factor affecting climate, particularly ocean circulation, aerosols, and methane, are examined. Satellites and instruments are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A 15-Year Follow-up Study of Ventilatory Function in Adults with Asthma (1998)

In a sample of the general population, people who identified themselves as having asthma had substantially greater declines in FEV1 over time than those who did not.
Cloning and sequencing of Puumala virus Sotkamo strain S and M RNA segments: evidence for strain variation in hantaviruses and expression of the nucleocapsid protein (1992)

The prototype Puumala virus (PV) Sotkamo strain small (S) and medium (M) RNA genome segments were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloned and sequenced. The S segment is 1830 nucleotides long with an open reading frame coding for 433 amino acids. The identity to the PV Hällnäs strain was 83% at the nucleotide and 96% at the amino acid level. The M segment in the Sotkamo strain is 3616 nucleotides long and contains one open reading frame of 1148 amino acids with 83% nucleotide and 94% amino acid identity to the Hällnäs strain. Most amino acid changes were conservative and the five predicted glycosylation sites are identical. The amino acid identity to the prototype hantavirus, Hantaan virus, was 62 and 54% for S and M segments, respectively. The coding region of the S segment was further amplified by PCR, ligated to pEX vectors and expressed in Escherichia coli as a beta-galactosidase fusion protein and was seen to be specifically detected by nephropathia epidemica sera in immunoblotting.
Synthesis and Cosmetic Whitening Effect of Glycosides Derived from Several Phenylpropanoids (2006)

Plant-derived phenylpropanoid compounds (4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 2,3-dimethoxyphenol, 3,4-dimethoxyphenol, 3,5-dimethoxyphenol, 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid, and 3-hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid) were glycosidated to form glycoside compounds. We evaluated the effects of these compounds on the inhibition of tyrosinase and melanin synthesis and their cytotoxicity from the viewpoint of their use as whitening agents in cosmetics. Some compounds had more potent tyrosinase-inhibiting activity than commercial arbutin, which was used as a control, and showed no cytotoxicity at low concentration ranges.
Persistent, Long-term Cerebral White Matter Changes after Sports-Related Repetitive Head Impacts (2014)

A single football season of RHIs without clinically-evident concussion resulted in WM changes that correlated with multiple helmet impact measures and persisted following 6 months of no-contact rest. This lack of WM recovery could potentially contribute to cumulative WM changes with subsequent RHI exposures.
Maximising concurrency and scalability in a consistent, causal, distributed virtual reality system, whilst minimising the effect of network delays (2002)

The development of large scale virtual reality and simulation systems have been mostly driven by the DIS and HLA standards community. A number of issues are coming to light about the applicability of these standards, in their present state, to the support of general multi-user VR systems. This paper pinpoints four issues that must be readdressed before large scale virtual reality systems become accessible to a larger commercial and public domain: a reduction in the effects of network delays; scalable causal event delivery; update control; and scalable reliable communication. Each of these issues is tackled through a common theme of combining wall clock and causal time-related entity behaviour, knowledge of network delays and prediction of entity behaviour, that together overcome many of the effects of network delays.
Transition metal complexes of poly(vinylpyridines) (1976)

Abstract The structures of the precipitates of free‐radical poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (Vpy), free‐radical poly(2‐Vpy) and isotactic poly(2‐Vpy) with M(II)Cl 2 (M = Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) obtained from solution have been investigated. The polymer compounds are similar to the known crystalline monomeric Vpy complexes and, with one exception, are crosslinked by the metal dichloride. Co(II) and Zn(II) are tetrahedrally coordinated by the polymer, while the Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes are probably tetrahedral and square‐planar, respectively. Because of the constraints of the polymeric ligands the stoichiometries of the complexes are not exactly the same as those of the monomeric Vpy complexes and from one to two Vpy units per metal halide are on average not coordinated. Atactic and isotactic poly(2‐Vpy) showed marked differences with regard to coordination of Ni(II). The questions of stereochemistry of the coordinated metal ion, stoichiometry of the complexes, intermolecular versus intramolecular complexation of the polymer chain, and the influence of polymer tacticity on the crystallizability of polymer complexes are discussed.
Regression testing of GUIs (2003)

Although graphical user interfaces (GUIs) constitute a large part of the software being developed today and are typically created using rapid prototyping, there are no effective regression testing techniques for GUIs. The needs of GUI regression testing differ from those of traditional software. When the structure of a GUI is modified, test cases from the original GUI are either reusable or unusable on the modified GUI. Since GUI test case generation is expensive, our goal is to make the unusable test cases usable. The idea of reusing these unusable (a.k.a. obsolete) test cases has not been explored before. In this paper, we show that for GUIs, the unusability of a large number of test cases is a serious problem. We present a novel GUI regression testing technique that first automatically determines the usable and unusable test cases from a test suite after a GUI modification. It then determines which of the unusable test cases can be repaired so they can execute on the modified GUI. The last step is to repair the test cases. Our technique is integrated into a GUI testing framework that, given a test case, automatically executes it on the GUI. We implemented our regression testing technique and demonstrate for two case studies that our approach is effective in that many of the test cases can be repaired, and is practical in terms of its time performance.
Intramolecular cyclisation of 2-vinyl-and 2-allylbenzoyl phosphonates with trimethyl phosphite via carbene intermediates (2000)

The carbene intermediates 3 (Z = 2-vinyl and 2-allyl, R = Me) have been generated by heating the corresponding 2-substituted dialkyl benzoylphosphonates with trimethyl phosphite and their subsequent reactions investigated. Reactions proceed by both intermolecular trapping of the carbene intermediates by trimethyl phosphite to give novel ylidic phosphonates 4, and by intramolecular carbene insertion to give cyclic systems. For the 2-vinyl-substituted system cyclisation leads to a mixture of the two indenylphosphonate isomers 12 and 13, whereas for the 2-allyl systeminsertion into the -system occurs to give a cyclopropyl system 21.
Expression of the RND-Type Efflux Pump AdeABC in <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Is Regulated by the AdeRS Two-Component System (2004)

The AdeABC pump of Acinetobacter baumannii BM4454, which confers resistance to various antibiotic classes including aminoglycosides, is composed of the AdeA, AdeB, and AdeC proteins; AdeB is a member of the RND superfamily. The adeA, adeB, and adeC genes are contiguous and adjacent to adeS and adeR, which are transcribed in the opposite direction and which specify proteins homologous to sensors and regulators of two-component systems, respectively (S. Magnet, P. Courvalin, and T. Lambert, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45:3375-3380, 2001). Analysis by Northern hybridization indicated that the three genes were cotranscribed, although mRNAs corresponding to adeAB and adeC were also present. Cotranscription of the two regulatory genes was demonstrated by reverse transcription-PCR. Inactivation of adeS led to aminoglycoside susceptibility. Transcripts corresponding to adeAB were not detected in susceptible A. baumannii CIP 70-10 but were present in spontaneous gentamicin-resistant mutants obtained in vitro. Analysis of these mutants revealed the substitutions Thr153-->Met in AdeS downstream from the putative His-149 site of autophosphorylation, which is presumably responsible for the loss of phosphorylase activity by the sensor, and Pro116-->Leu in AdeR at the first residue of the alpha(5) helix of the receiver domain, which is involved in interactions that control the output domain of response regulators. These mutations led to constitutive expression of the pump and, thus, to antibiotic resistance. These data indicate that the AdeABC pump is cryptic in wild A. baumannii due to stringent control by the AdeRS two-component system.
Hybridization-based affinity partitioning of nucleic acids using PEG-coupled oligonucleotides (1994)

Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coupled oligonucleotides are partitioned in an aqueous two-phase system PEG/dextran. The affinity of the oligonucleotide for the PEG-rich phase increases proportionally to the length of the coupled PEG polymer. After hybridization, the PEG-coupled oligonucleotide is able to force a complementary nucleic acid strand into the PEG-rich phase. This property can be used for the sequence-specific isolation of nucleic acids through hybridization-based affinity partitioning. The dependence of the partition coefficient in this system on various parameters is described. The application of this principle to multistage chromatographic separations is demonstrated.
Immunohistochemical and Immunofluorescence Procedures for Protein Analysis (2011)

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) involve the binding of an antibody to a cellular or tissue antigen of interest and then visualisation of the bound product by fluorescence/with the 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) chromogen detection system. With increasing numbers of available antibodies against cellular epitopes, IHC and IF are very useful diagnostic tools as well as a means to guide specific therapies that target a particular antigen on cell/tissue samples.There are several IHC and IF staining methods that can be employed depending on the type of specimen under study, the degree of sensitivity required, and the cost considerations. The following is a basic "generic" method for localising proteins and other antigens by direct, indirect, IHC and IF. The method relies on proper fixation of tissue/cells to retain cellular distribution of antigen and to preserve cellular morphology. Details of reagents required are outlined. Consideration is also given to artefacts and other potential pitfalls and thus means to avoid them.
QoS-based resource discovery in intermittently available environments (2003)

In this paper, we address the problem of resource discovery in a grid based multimedia environment, where the resources providers, i.e. servers, are intermittently available. Given a graph theoretic approach, we define and formulate various policies for QoS-based resource discovery with intermittently available servers that can meet a variety of user needs. We evaluate the performance of these policies under various time-map scenarios and placement strategies. Our performance results illustrate the added benefits obtained by adding flexibility to the scheduling process.
Expression of the <i>Staphylococcus hyicus</i> Lipase in <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> (2000)

The extracellular Staphylococcus hyicus lipase was expressed under the control of different promoters in Lactococcus lactis and Bacillus subtilis. Its expression at high and moderate levels is toxic for the former and the latter hosts, respectively. In L. lactis, the lipase was expressed at a high level, up to 30% of the total cellular proteins, under the control of the inducible promoter PnisA. About 80% of the lipase remained associated with the cells. Close to half of this amount remained associated with the inner side of the cytoplasmic membrane as unprocessed pre-pro-lipase. The other half was trapped by the cell wall and partially degraded at the N-terminal end. This result suggests that extracellular proteases degrade the lipase. Surprisingly, the kinetics and the pattern of lipase degradation were different in the two L. lactis subspecies, L. lactis subsp. cremoris and L. lactis subsp. lactis. The extracellular proteolytic systems that degrade lipase are thus different in these closely related subspecies. The incorrect export of the lipase is not due to an inappropriate leader peptide but may be due to an inefficiency of several steps of lipase secretion. We propose that (i) the S. hyicus lipase may require a special accessory system to be correctly exported or (ii) the kinetics of lipase synthesis may be a critical factor for proper folding.
Multi-Objective Optimization of Deployment Topologies for Distributed Applications (2018)

Modern applications are typically implemented as distributed systems comprising several components. Deciding where to deploy which component is a difficult task that today is usually assisted by logical topology recommendations. Choosing inefficient topologies allocates the wrong amount of resources, leads to unnecessary operation costs, or results in poor performance. Testing different topologies to find good solutions takes a lot of time and might delay productive operations. Therefore, this work introduces a software-based deployment topology optimization approach for distributed applications. We use an enhanced performance model generator that extracts models from operational monitoring data of running applications. The extracted model is used to simulate performance metrics (e.g., resource utilization, response times, throughput) and runtime costs of distributed applications. Subsequently, we introduce a deployment topology optimizer, which selects an optimized topology for a specified workload and considers on-premise, cloud, and hybrid topologies. The following three optimization goals are presented in this work: (i) minimum response time for an optimized user experience, (ii) approximate resource utilization around certain peaks, and (iii) minimum cost for running the application. To evaluate the approach, we use the SPECjEnterpriseNEXT industry benchmark as distributed application in an on-premise and in a cloud/on-premise hybrid environment. The evaluation demonstrates the accuracy of the simulation compared to the actual deployment by deploying an optimized topology and comparing measurements with simulation results.
Peter Showler. Refugee Sandwich: Stories of Exile and Asylum (2007)

Peter Showler. Refugee Sandwich: Stories of Exile and Asylum. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2006. 235 pp. $27.95 sc. There has long been a striking discrepancy between controversy that surrounds treatment of asylum seekers in Canada--especially by Immigration and Refugee Board (IRB), independent, quasi-judicial body that hears claims for protection against persecution--and paucity of works that add to our understanding of this policy area. Given his credentials, author of Refugee Sandwich would appear to be very well-positioned to make an important contribution in this respect, and he does so in a most unexpected and marked way. Showier has worked as an immigration and refugee lawyer, been both a member of IRB (1994-99) and its chairperson (1999-2002), and currently teaches immigration and refugee law at University of Ottawa. Through these various experiences he has seen most every aspect of refugee determination in Canada at close quarters. However, rather than write an analysis of that process or a memoir of his experiences working within it, he has instead created a unique insider's account in guise of a collection of short stories aimed at illustrat[ing] profoundly difficult process of communicating experience of refugees within a judicial context, a difficulty that is shared by all participants (xv). In taking this approach, Refugee Sandwich challenges any simplistic assessment of work of IRB, which tends in public discourse to be condemned for being either too generous or too cruel, and stimulates public debate on how effectiveness and fairness of refugee determination could be increased. The bulk of book consists of a baker's dozen of tales, fictionalized composites that draw on Showler's own experiences, which individually and collectively explore numerous complex ethical and procedural questions that can arise in deciding who deserves Canada's protection and who does not. Although high-stakes nature of refugee determination readily lends itself to a dramatized style, effectiveness of this approach depends on author's ability not only to present a compelling and informed narrative, but also to lead readers themselves to experience the great difficulty and sometimes impossibility of deciding refugee claims accurately (210). And in this, Showler excels. Consider, for example, Excluding Manuel. Manuel is a refugee claimant suspected of complicity in crimes against humanity while serving in police force of an unnamed country. His case has already been heard once but due to inability of Board and Minister to even approximate compliance with their own procedures (20), his initial rejection has been quashed by courts; seven years after his arrival in Canada, his case is about to be heard again. …
Limitations in the usefulness of urine latex particle agglutination tests and hematologic measurements in diagnosing neonatal sepsis during the first week of life. (1992)

We present findings regarding the usefulness of urine latex particle agglutination (LPA) testing for group B streptococcus (GBS) antigen, as well as hematologic values, in diagnosing sepsis during the 1st week of life. Of 475 inborn neonates evaluated, 27 (5.7%) had confirmed sepsis, 47 (9.9%) had indeterminate findings precluding further classification, and 401 (84.4%) were not septic. We examined the following: (1) total white blood cell count (WBC); (2) total polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs); (3) total immature PMNs; (4) immature to total (I:T) neutrophil ratio; (5) immature to mature (I:M) neutrophil ratio; (6) platelet count; (7) a 6-point hematologic score based on the preceding values; and (8) urine LPA for GBS. The positive predictive values of the six hematologic values, as well as the hematologic score, were disappointingly low. Using higher I:T ratios (greater than or equal to 0.30 or 0.40) marginally increased the positive predictive values. More than 60% of our ill, nonseptic neonates had I:T ratios greater than or equal to 0.20. Of 15 infants with culture-proven systemic (blood or cerebrospinal fluid) GBS infection who were tested with urine LPA for GBS antigen, only 4 had positive results. Nineteen infants had positive urine LPAs with concomitant negative blood cultures. Urine cultures were obtained from 18 of these infants. No organisms were isolated from any of these specimens. The mothers of 7 of the infants with positive LPAs and negative blood cultures had received intrapartum antibiotics. Of the remaining 12 infants, the urine LPA was repeated in 8 and results were negative in each case.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)