gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of human antibodies targeting human aspartyl (asparaginyl) β-hydroxylase1 (2008)

Over-expression of the enzyme human aspartyl (asparaginyl) beta-hydroxylase (HAAH) has been detected in a variety of cancers. It is proposed that upon cellular transformation, HAAH is overexpressed and translocated to the tumor cell surface, rendering it a specific surface antigen for tumor cells. In this work, twelve human single-chain Fv fragments (scFv) against HAAH were isolated from a human non-immune scFv library displayed on the surface of yeast. Five of the twelve were reformatted as human IgG1. Two of the five IgGs, 6-22 and 6-23, showed significant binding to recombinant HAAH in ELISA, tumor cell lines, and tumor tissues. The apparent dissociation constants of 6-22 and 6-23 IgG were 1.0 +/- 0.2 nM and 20 +/- 10 nM respectively. These two antibodies were shown to target different domains of HAAH, with 6-22 targeting the catalytic domain of HAAH and 6-23 targeting the N-terminal non-catalytic domain of HAAH. 6-22 IgG was further characterized, as it had high affinity and targeted the catalytic domain. 6-22 IgG alone does not exhibit significant cytotoxicity toward the tumor cells. However, 6-22 internalizes into tumor cells and can therefore be employed to deliver cytotoxic moieties. A goat anti-human IgG-saporin conjugate was delivered into tumor cells by 6-22 IgG and hence elicited cytotoxicity toward the tumor cells in vitro. These tumor-binding human antibodies can potentially be used in both diagnosis and immunotherapy targeting HAAH-expressing tumor cells.
A Proven Oil/Water/Gas Flowmeter for Subsea (1991)

ABSTRACT A static mixing device was tested in combination with a dust-energy gamma volume fraction meter and a venture meter in order to determine if this combination could be used to reliably measure oil-water-gas rates under flow conditions typical for offshore oil and gas production especially in the North Sea. A high-rate test facility was used to circulate oil, water and air or nitrogen at rates of up to 60 m3/hr(l 0000 bbl/d) of liquids and total flow of up to 200 m3hr(30000 bbl/d). The tests were carried out primarily in the unsteady slug and bubble flow regimes with gas volume-fraction up to 100 percent and water-oil ratio up to 60 percent. In order to estimate the accuracy of the meter system under test, the single-phase flow rates of the three components were measured independently upstream of the mixing unit which was placed directly upstream of the dual-energy gamma and venture meters. The results of the tests carried out with and without the mixing unit show that the mixer eliminates the slip between the gas and liquid phases well enough to obtain repeatable estimates of oil and gas volume fractions within ± 10 percent relative error over the entire range of conditions tested for fractions over 30%. Oil flowrates were also measured to within an accuracy of 10 percent compared to the independent single-phase rates over a wide range of conditions up to percent 70 percent gas volume. No attempt was made in this study to optimize the performance of the combination of the mixer and two meters but the test results and experience indicate scope for improvements to the arrangement between these three main elements and to the dual-energy gamma technique itself. In addition, a follow-up feasibility and pre-engineering study was carried out to establish design criteria for a subsea meter based on the tested technologies. A prototype subsea meter is under design and further testing is expected to begin late in 1991 in the current phase of the project. INTRODUCTION The measurement of oil-water-gas production rates by means other than test separators has been a subject of intense research end development because of its potential to eliminate the need for test separators on platforms, to supplement test-separator capacity for satalite developments and for reservoir monitoring. Many methods based on various physical phenomena (such as gamma-ray attenuation, microwave, capacitance)have been tested with varing degrees of success depending on the composition, flow rates of the phases and flow regime or pattern. In all the cases reported where it is attempted to measure the flow without first separating the phases, slip between the phases causes errors which are too large (much greater than 10 percent) to be considered useful for the range of operating conditions that can be expected for typical offshore wells. In those cases where initial separation of the phases was undertaken prior to single or two-phase measurements, additional uncertainty and/or complexity is introduced which limits the usefulness this approach.
Synthesis of 3,5-diaryl-isoxazole-4-carbonitriles and their efficacy as antimicrobial agents (2012)

Nitrile oxides, generated in situ by the oxidative dehydrogenation of benzaldoximes, undergo 1,3-dipolar cycloaddn. with 4-MeOC6H4C2CN to afford 3-aryl-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)isoxazole-4-carbonitriles in moderate yield. The newly synthesized cycloadducts were tested for their antifungal and antibacterial activity. [on SciFinder(R)]
Superoxide dismutase prevents the thrombin-induced increase in lung vascular permeability: role of superoxide in mediating the alterations in lung fluid balance. (1986)

We investigated the effects of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and SOD linked to Ficoll (mol. wt = 400,000) on the changes in pulmonary transvascular fluid and protein exchange following pulmonary microembolism induced with alpha-thrombin. Studies were made in chronically prepared unanesthetized sheep with lung lymph fistulas. Control thrombin challenged sheep (n = 5) were compared to animals infused with SOD (the SOD-thrombin group, n = 5) or animals infused with SOD linked to high molecular weight Ficoll (the Ficoll-SOD-thrombin group, n = 6). The Ficoll-SOD-thrombin animals were also compared to animals infused with Ficoll alone (the Ficoll-thrombin group, n = 4). In the control-thrombin group, thrombin induced sustained increases in the pulmonary transvascular protein clearance (pulmonary lymph flow X lymph/plasma protein concentration ratio) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). In the SOD-thrombin group, thrombin initially increased both pulmonary transvascular protein clearance and PVR; however, the later increases in protein clearance and PVR were blunted. The pulmonary reflection coefficients for total protein (sigma), a measure of vascular permeability to protein, decreased from a value of 0.70 +/- 0.03 in normal sheep to 0.60 +/- 0.01 following thrombin challenge (p less than 0.05) indicating an increase in lung vascular permeability. The sigma value in the SOD-treated animals was 0.70 +/- 0.02, indicating a protective effect of SOD. The infusion of the Ficoll-SOD complex also attenuated the increases in pulmonary transvascular protein clearance and PVR after thrombin. However, the infusion of Ficoll alone induced a similar protection. The lymph from the SOD-thrombin and Ficoll-SOD-thrombin groups prevented the reduction of ferricytochrome C by xanthine/xanthine oxidase, whereas, the lymph from the Ficoll-thrombin animals did not have this effect, indicating SOD activity was present in the animals receiving the enzyme but not in the group infused with Ficoll alone. Differences in the degree of intravascular coagulation could not explain the response to Ficoll since the decreases in fibrinogen concentration following the thrombin were similar in all the groups. Since Ficoll and related dextrans may modify neutrophil function, in particular neutrophil adherence to the endothelium, we examined the effects of Ficoll on neutrophil adherence. The results indicated that when Ficoll was added to the endothelial medium Ficoll reduced the increase adherence of neutrophils to the endothelial cell monolayer. Therefore, Ficoll as a carrier for SOD may provide a direct protection in models of lung vascular injury that are dependent on neutrophils.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Bicarbonate absorption stimulates active calcium absorption in the rat proximal tubule. (1988)

To evaluate the effect of luminal bicarbonate on calcium reabsorption, rat proximal tubules were perfused in vivo. Perfusion solution contained mannitol to reduce water flux to zero. Total Ca concentration was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry, Ca ion concentration in the tubule lumen (CaL2+) and the peritubular capillary (CaP2+), and luminal pH (pHL) with ion-selective microelectrodes and transepithelial voltage (VTE) with conventional microelectrodes. When tubules were perfused with buffer-free Cl-containing solution, net Ca absorption (JCa) averaged 3.33 pmol/min. Even though VTE was 1.64 mV lumen-positive, CaL2+, 1.05 mM, did not fall below the concentration in the capillary blood, 1.07 mM. When 27 mM of Cl was replaced with HCO3, there was luminal fluid acidification. Despite a decrease in VTE and CaL2+, JCa increased to 7.13 pmol/min, indicating that the enhanced JCa could not be accounted for by the reduced electrochemical gradient, delta CCa. When acetazolamide or an analogue of amiloride was added to the HCO3 solution, JCa was not different from the buffer-free solution, suggesting that HCO3-stimulated JCa may be linked to acidification. To further test this hypothesis, we used 27 mM Hepes as the luminal buffer. With Hepes there was luminal fluid acidification and JCa was not different from the buffer-free solution but delta CCa was significantly reduced, indicating enhanced active calcium transport. We conclude from the results of the present study that HCO3 stimulates active Ca absorption, a process that may be linked to acidification-mediated HCO3 absorption.
A Monotonic Degradation Assessment Index of Rolling Bearings Using Fuzzy Support Vector Data Description and Running Time (2012)

Performance degradation assessment based on condition monitoring plays an important role in ensuring reliable operation of equipment, reducing production downtime and saving maintenance costs, yet performance degradation has strong fuzziness, and the dynamic information is random and fuzzy, making it a challenge how to assess the fuzzy bearing performance degradation. This study proposes a monotonic degradation assessment index of rolling bearings using fuzzy support vector data description (FSVDD) and running time. FSVDD constructs the fuzzy-monitoring coefficient ε⁻ which is sensitive to the initial defect and stably increases as faults develop. Moreover, the parameter ε⁻ describes the accelerating relationships between the damage development and running time. However, the index ε⁻ with an oscillating trend disagrees with the irreversible damage development. The running time is introduced to form a monotonic index, namely damage severity index (DSI). DSI inherits all advantages of ε⁻ and overcomes its disadvantage. A run-to-failure test is carried out to validate the performance of the proposed method. The results show that DSI reflects the growth of the damages with running time perfectly.
Effect of surface stoichiometry on the band gap of the pyrite FeS<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>(100) surface (2012)

Systematic spin-polarized density functional calculations were performed for a series of pyrite FeS${}_{2}$(100) surfaces to clarify the effect of surface stoichiometry on stability, electronic structure, and band gap. While the bulk FeS${}_{2}$ is nonmagnetic, the topmost layer of the stoichiometric and S-deficient FeS${}_{2}$(100) surfaces are spin polarized, with magnetic moments of 2 ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\mathrm{B}}$ or 4 ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\mathrm{B}}$ per Fe. These surfaces also have sizeable band gaps, 0.56--0.72 eV; they hence can be useful for spintronic and photovoltaic applications. On the contrary, S-rich surfaces have small-gaps, 0.3 eV, which might be responsible to the low open-circuit voltage of pyrite solar cells.
Sites of conduction block in accessory atrioventricular pathways. Basis for concealed accessory pathways. (1990)

Catheter recordings of accessory pathway (AP) activation were used to identify the site of antegrade and retrograde AP conduction block in 126 consecutive patients undergoing electrophysiological testing. Activation was recorded from 89 of 121 left free-wall and posteroseptal pathways (left APs) and from 12 of 24 right free-wall, midseptal, and anteroseptal pathways (right APs). The recorded APs were further subdivided into those exhibiting consistent antegrade conduction during sinus rhythm (overt APs: 50 left APs, eight right APs), those exhibiting intermittent antegrade conduction (intermittent APs: six left APs, two right APs), and those exhibiting only retrograde conduction (concealed APs: 33 left APs, two right APs). The sites of block were recorded during decremental atrial and ventricular stimulation. The sites of both antegrade and retrograde block were determined in 40 of 50 overt left APs and six of eight overt right APs. Antegrade and retrograde block occurred at or near the AP-ventricular (AP-V) interface in 37 of 40 overt left APs and two of six overt right APs and at the atrial-AP (A-AP) interface in one of 40 overt left APs and four of six overt right APs. In three of three overt left APs with no retrograde conduction, retrograde block occurred at or near the AP-V interface. The site of antegrade and retrograde block differed in only two of 58 overt pathways. There was no difference between overt APs limited at the A-AP or the AP-V interface in the shortest atrial or ventricular pacing cycle length maintaining 1:1 antegrade or retrograde AP conduction, respectively. Both antegrade and retrograde block occurred near the AP-V interface in four of six intermittent left APs and zero of two intermittent right APs and near the A-AP interface in two of six intermittent left APs and one of two intermittent right APs. The sites of both antegrade and retrograde block were determined in 28 of 33 concealed left APs, and both occurred at or near the AP-V interface in 26 and A-AP interface in two APs. In two of two concealed right APs, antegrade block occurred at the AP-V interface. These findings suggest that both antegrade and retrograde conduction are limited by factors operating near the AP-V interface in overt left APs and at the A-AP or AP-V interface in overt right APs. Factors limiting antegrade conduction in concealed APs appear to be located almost always near the AP-V interface.
Computer optimization of transducer transfer functions using constraints on bandwidth, ripple, and loss (1996)

Transducers, having one piezoelectric layer near its half-wave resonance and N quarter-wave layers, are designed using computer optimization to adjust the thicknesses and impedances of the various layers so as to fit the resulting transfer function to a target function. An augmented Mason model is used to evaluate the transducer. Optimization of fit is by a steepest descent algorithm. Essentially error-free fits are achieved for target functions that match the underlying dynamics. By applying classical filter theory to a lumped-element transducer model, the transducers dynamics are identified as all-pole filters, which are characterized by polynomials of order N to N+1. The design methodology is tested by designing a series of low-loss transducers that explore fractional bandwidths from 45 to 116%. From these studies there appears to be constraints on the minimum Q of the poles, and other properties. Typical power transfer efficiencies of -1 dB are achieved by impedance scale matching. Using a second-order Fano bound, it is shown that the matching layers function as an optimal compensation network for low-loss flat bandpass transducers. Finally, by the inclusion of loss, lower Q poles are demonstrated with a Bessel transducer.
Putting non-functional requirements into software architecture (1998)

This paper presents an approach for incorporating non-functional information of software systems into software architectures. To do so, components present two distinguished slots: their non-functional specification, where non-functional requirements on components are placed, and their non-functional behaviour with respect to these requirements. Also, connector protocols may describe which non-functional aspects are relevant to component connections. We propose a notation to describe non-functionality in a systematic manner, and we use it to analyse two particular aspects of the meeting scheduler case study, user interaction and performance.
Theory of conducting gratings and their applications to Optics (1974)

A method to study the diffraction of an electromagnetic plane wave by a grating,in the case where it has a finite conductivity, is described for both classical cases of polarization. The results relative to the visible and ultra-violet regions are compared to those recently obtained using an integral formalism [1],[2]. Various particular applications are given. The validity of the results is discussed.
Versatile engine for virtual testing of ADC/DAC non-linearities (2010)

In this paper, we propose a novel versatile engine for behavioral or transistor-level design verification of data converters. This tool is dedicated to IC designers to verify static performance of the converters during their design. It is based on advanced Servo-Loop method presented in and extended by features such as innovative DAC testing method (connecting ADC and DAC testing into one versatile engine). The environment proposed supports various converter resolutions and several types of digital coding. Powerful capabilities of the proposed engine were successfully confirmed by a large set of behavioral and transistor-level simulations in Spectre.
Fano resonances in a multimode waveguide coupled to a high-Q silicon nitride ring resonator (2014)

Silicon nitride (Si3N4) optical ring resonators provide exceptional opportunities for low-loss integrated optics. Here we study the transmission through a multimode waveguide coupled to a Si3N4 ring resonator. By coupling single-mode fibers to both input and output ports of the waveguide we selectively excite and probe combinations of modes in the waveguide. Strong asymmetric Fano resonances are observed and the degree of asymmetry can be tuned through the positions of the input and output fibers. The Fano resonance results from the interference between modes of the waveguide and light that couples resonantly to the ring resonator. We develop a theoretical model based on the coupled mode theory to describe the experimental results. The large extension of the optical modes out of the Si3N4 core makes this system promising for sensing applications.
Medicolegal examination on the accused under section 53 Cr PC (2002)

Every individual has the right to do what he likes with his body in order to protect and preserve his health and personal privacy. This is a constitutional right, protected by law. Therefore, any an assault on the patient. But sometimes, the accused in police custody refuses to medicolegal examination but the compulsions of law require him to be medically examined. In such cases, the law allows examination without consent and, if required, allows the use of necessary force for this purpose.
Jean-François Stoffel (2010)

Biographie Domaine de recherche Histoire des rapports entre sciences et foi ; Histoire de la cosmologie ; Pierre Duhem Formation Docteur en philosophie (Universite catholique de Louvain, 1998) ; Docteur en histoire (Ecole des hautes etudes en sciences sociales, 2003) Rattachement institutionnel Institut d'etudes theologiques (Bruxelles) ; Haute ecole Charleroi-Europe (Montignies-sur-Sambre) ; Haute ecole Blaise Pascal (Bastogne) Titres et Responsabilites Maitre-assistant ; Charge de cours (...)
1-Fluorocycloalkanecarboxylic Acids in the Synthesis of 16-Achiral 16-Fluoro-9a-carbaprostacyclin Derivatives (1988)

Introduction of a fluorine atom into position 16 of the ω-chain is a useful tool for modulation of biological activity in the prostanoid field. We devised a facile, four-step synthesis of 1-fluorocyclohexanecarboxylic acid, a precursor of phosphoranes and phosphonates required for building up the ω-chain of the fluorinated prostacyclin 1. This method is generally applicable to the synthesis of α-fluoro-α-branched carboxylic acids from ketones.
The use of sheep as a model for studying peripheral nerve regeneration following nerve injury: review of the literature (2017)

Peripheral nerve injury and regeneration is a challenging scientific field with relevant clinical implications. Most peripheral nerve regeneration studies have been mainly carried out on rodents. However, it is important to note that the validity of the rodent as a model to study nerve injury and regeneration and translate these results into clinical practice has been questioned by several researchers. To overcome this problem, some investigators have used companion animals and large animal species as models for experimental peripheral nerve regeneration studies. Live sheep are often used in biomedical research because of availability, simplicity of care and housing, cost and body weight similar to humans and acceptance by society as a research animal. Despite these advantages, studies on nerve regeneration and repair in sheep have only been undertaken a few decades ago and compared to rat and mice experimental studies, there are much fewer investigations. The authors have compiled and sorted the available literature on experimental ovine nerve studies in order to guide the peripheral nerve investigator in choosing clinically relevant and interpretable models for studies on neural regeneration that are much needed in order to make progress towards new surgical and medical treatment of peripheral nerves.
Lipopolysaccharide‐activated SHP‐1‐deficient motheaten microglia release increased nitric oxide, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β (2005)

Accumulating evidence suggests a deleterious role for activated microglia in facilitating neuronal death by producing neurocytotoxic substances during injury, infection, or neurodegenerative diseases. After cochlear ablation, abnormal microglial activation accompanied by increased neuronal loss within the auditory brainstem occurs in motheaten (me/me) mice deficient in the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1. To determine whether abnormally activated microglia contribute to neuronal death in me/me mice, primary microglial cultures from me/me and wild-type mouse cortices were stimulated by the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to evaluate the secretion of the neurotoxic mediators nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). Me/me microglia release significantly greater amounts of all three mediators compared with wild-type microglia. However, the increased release of these compounds in microglia lacking SHP-1 does not appear to occur through activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 kinase subgroups of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, or increases in NF-kappaB-inducing kinase (NIK). These results suggest that abnormal microglial activation and release of neurotoxic compounds may potentiate neuronal death in deafferented cells and can thus potentiate neurodegeneration in the me/me brainstem. Our data also indicate that SHP-1 is engaged in signaling pathways in LPS-activated microglia, but not through regulation of the ERK and p38 MAP kinases.