gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A uniform isopeptide-linked multiubiquitin chain is sufficient to target substrate for degradation in ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. (1990)

The proteolytic targeting function of ubiquitin was investigated by a combination of site-specific mutagenesis and covalent modification. Lys48 was replaced by a cysteine via mutagenesis of a synthetic ubiquitin gene to generate the mutant Ub-C48. The single cysteine residue in Ub-C48 can be converted into a lysine analog by modification with the sulfhydryl-specific reagent, aminoethyl-8 (N-(iodoethyl)trifluoroacetamide). The resulting protein, Ub-(S-aminoethyl)C48, is equivalent to a wild type ubiquitin except for the substitution of a sulfur atom at the gamma carbon of Lys48. We have tested the ability of these two modified ubiquitins to target the degradation of an engineered beta-galactosidase substrate protein in ubiquitin-depleted reticulocyte lysates. Ub-C48 was unable to stimulate the degradation of this protein substrate although a monoubiquitinated beta-galactosidase was formed. In contrast, Ub-(S-aminoethyl)C48 appears to be as effective as wild type ubiquitin in targeting this substrate protein's degradation as well as the formation of multiply ubiquitinated beta-galactosidase intermediates. In conjunction with the cysteine substitution and modification, we have also examined the effects of blocking the amino groups in ubiquitin with reductive methylation. The methylation of either Lys48 in ubiquitin or its S-aminoethylcysteine counterpart abolished its proteolytic function while the blockage of the remaining six lysines in Ub-(S-aminoethyl)C48 did not alter its competence. Thus, of the seven lysine residues in ubiquitin, only Lys48 is essential. These results established unambiguously that a uniform multiubiquitin chain with ubiquitin-ubiquitin linkage solely at Lys48 is sufficient to target the degradation of a substrate protein in ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis.
On the self-serving function of an academic wooden leg: Test anxiety as a self-handicapping strategy. (1982)

The present study investigated the hypothesis that psychological symptoms may serve a self-protective function by providing an alternative explanation for potential failure in evaluating situations. It was hypothesized that highly test-anxious subjects would report anxiety symptoms in a pattern that reflected strategic presentation of symptoms; more specifically, it was predicted that greater reported anxiety should result when anxiety was a viable explanation for poor performance on an intelligence test and that lower reported anxiety should result when anxiety was not a viable explanation for poor performance. Analysis of state measures of self-reported anxiety supported these predictions. Further analysis indicated that when anxiety was not a viable explanation for poor test performance, high test-anxiety subjects reported reduced effort as an alternative self-protective strategy. These results are discussed in terms of traditional models of symptoms as self-protective strategies, current social psychological models of symptoms, and in reference to recent theory and research about the nature and treatment of test anxiety.
Transcriptional Co-Expression Analysis of Embryonic Stem Cells (2012)

The decision between differentiation and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are controlled by a complex network formed by interacting genes or proteins. Identifying critical components of this regulatory network and exploring their behavior patterns is crucial towards understanding the underlying mechanisms controlling ESC differentiation and realizing their potentials in regenerative medicine. In this chapter, we describe the usage of co-expression analysis in identifying conserved and divergent genomic, transcriptomic, and network modules critical for the earliest stage of ESCs differentiation.
Electrochromic Automotive Day/Night Mirrors (1987)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">OVER THE NEXT SEVERAL YEARS, electrochromic mirrors will be introduced for use on automobiles, initially as interior mirrors and later for the exterior. Electrochromic mirrors have variable reflectivity and this offers an opportunity to select a reflectance level that avoids glare, but that maintains rear vision. Human factors studies can relate driver discomfort to incident glare and the results can be incorporated into a fully automatic mirror whose reflectivity varies dynamically to suit changing driving conditions. In automatic mode, the electrochromic mirror responds appropriately to all driving situations, and mirror operation is transparent to the driver with smooth response and no unexpected change. This paper explains the scientific basis of electrochromism and traces development of the technology to its present applications. Electrochromic mirrors presently available worldwide are reviewed. The performance desired of an electrochromic mirror is defined and the ability of current electrochromic mirrors to achieve this performance is discussed.</div>
Functional activity of the reduced folate carrier in KB, MA104, and IGROV-I cells expressing folate-binding protein. (1995)

The role of a membrane-associated folate binding protein (mFBP) in transport of folate analogues was investigated in three epithelial cell lines that were grown in high folate medium and folate-conditioned medium and express different levels of mFBP: human nasopharyngeal KB cells, monkey kidney MA104 cells, and IGROV-I ovarian carcinoma cells. Folate analogues were selected for which mFBP exhibits a low affinity, i.e., methotrexate (MTX) and 10-ethyl-10-deazaaminopterin (10-EdAM) or a (moderately) high affinity as compared to folic acid, i.e., N-(5[N-(3,4-dihydro-2-methyl-4-oxoquinazolin-6-ylmethyl(-N-m ethylamino]-2-theonyl)-L-glutamic acid (ZD1694), N10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolic acid (CB3717), and 5,10-dideazatetrahydrofolic acid. Regardless of the medium folate status, growth inhibition studies with IGROV-I and MA104 cells demonstrated a lack of correlation between the affinity of mFBP for the antifolate drugs and their sensitivity profile; both cell lines were highly sensitive to growth inhibition by MTX, 10-EdAM, ZD1694 and 5,10-dideazatetrahydrofolic acid, but were insensitive for CB3717. The same drug sensitivity profile was observed for KB cells, with the exception that these cells were also sensitive to growth inhibition by CB3717 but only in folate-conditioned medium. This overall drug sensitivity profile appeared to correlate with the differential efficiency of drug transport via the "classical" reduced folate/MTX carrier (RFC), rather than by mFBP. Characteristics that further supported functional RFC activity in KB, IGROV-I, and MA104 cells included: (a) the growth inhibitory effects of the drugs could be prevented by the reduced folate leucovorin rather than by folic acid; (b) rates for uptake of [3H]10-EdAM were 2-4-fold higher than for [3H]MTX at 1 microM extracellular concentrations and coincided with the affinity of the RFC for these drugs, rather than those of the mFBP; (c) uptake of [3H]10-EdAM and [3H]leucovorin was markedly inhibited by leucovorin and 10-EdAM, respectively, or by an N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of MTX (irreversibly labeling RFC) but only to a minor extent by folic acid or an N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of folic acid (irreversibly labeling mFBP); and, finally, (d) labeling with an N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of [3H]MTX identified a protein with a molecular weight within the range of that reported for the RFC in human leukemic cells. Altogether, these results indicate that both RFC and mFBP are coexpressed in three epithelial cell lines and that RFC is the preferential route of entry for antifolate compounds, even when mFBP is expressed to very high levels.
Involvement of platelet‐derived growth factor ligands and receptors in tumorigenesis (2017)

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) isoforms and their receptors have important roles during embryogenesis, particularly in the development of various mesenchymal cell types in different organs. In the adult, PDGF stimulates wound healing and regulates tissue homeostasis. However, overactivity of PDGF signalling is associated with malignancies and other diseases characterized by excessive cell proliferation, such as fibrotic conditions and atherosclerosis. In certain tumours, genetic or epigenetic alterations of the genes for PDGF ligands and receptors drive tumour cell proliferation and survival. Examples include the rare skin tumour dermatofibrosarcoma protuberance, which is driven by autocrine PDGF stimulation due to translocation of a PDGF gene, and certain gastrointestinal stromal tumours and leukaemias, which are driven by constitute activation of PDGF receptors due to point mutations and formation of fusion proteins of the receptors, respectively. Moreover, PDGF stimulates cells in tumour stroma and promotes angiogenesis as well as the development of cancer-associated fibroblasts, both of which promote tumour progression. Inhibitors of PDGF signalling may thus be of clinical usefulness in the treatment of certain tumours.
Microstrip bandpass filter using degenerate modes of a microstrip ring resonator (1972)

It is shown that two degenerate modes can be excited on a microstrip ring resonator. These modes can be used to realise a double-tuned circuit bandpass filter in microstrip technique.
VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES IN SYNOVIAL FLUIDS FROM PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (1993)

Based on the elevated expression of oncogenes in proliferating transformed-appearing synoviocytes we searched for the possible involvement of a viral agent in the pathogenesis of RA. We report the detection of virus-like particles with retroviral C type morphology in SF, which lack the typical morphologic as well as immunohistochemical features of the human T-lymphotropic and immunodeficiency viruses.
Foresight: Recommending Visual Insights (2017)

Current tools for exploratory data analysis (EDA) require users to manually select data attributes, statistical computations and visual encodings. This can be daunting for large-scale, complex data. We introduce Foresight, a system that helps the user rapidly discover visual insights from large high-dimensional datasets. Formally, an "insight" is a strong manifestation of a statistical property of the data, e.g., high correlation between two attributes, high skewness or concentration about the mean of a single attribute, a strong clustering of values, and so on. For each insight type, Foresight initially presents visualizations of the top k instances in the data, based on an appropriate ranking metric. The user can then look at "nearby" insights by issuing "insight queries" containing constraints on insight strengths and data attributes. Thus the user can directly explore the space of insights, rather than the space of data dimensions and visual encodings as in other visual recommender systems. Foresight also provides "global" views of insight space to help orient the user and ensure a thorough exploration process. Furthermore, Foresight facilitates interactive exploration of large datasets through fast, approximate sketching.
<i>BROTHER OF FT AND TFL1</i> ( <i>BFT</i> ) has <i>TFL1</i> ‐like activity and functions redundantly with <i>TFL1</i> in inflorescence meristem development in Arabidopsis (2010)

The FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)/TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) family is a small gene family that encodes important regulators that control flower development in Arabidopsis. Here, we investigated the biological role of the product of BROTHER OF FT AND TFL1 (BFT), a member of this family, whose function remains unknown. Comparison of the critical residues that play a role in distinguishing FT- or TFL1-like activity revealed that BFT is more similar to FT. Similar to FT expression, BFT expression showed a diurnal oscillation pattern, peaking in the evening. In situ hybridization revealed BFT expression in the shoot apical meristem, young leaf and axillary inflorescence meristem. Transgenic plants over-expressing BFT exhibited delayed flowering and severe floral defects (floral indeterminacy and compact inflorescences surrounded by serrate leaves), similar to 35S::TFL1 plants. LEAFY (LFY) and APETALA1 (AP1) expression was significantly reduced in 35S::BFT plants. BFT over-expression failed to rescue the terminal flower phenotype of tfl1 mutants; however, it delayed both terminal flower formation in the primary inflorescence and axillary inflorescence development in the tfl1 mutant background. Consistent with this, the loss-of-function BFT alleles, bft-2 and an BFT RNAi line, accelerated termination of the primary inflorescence and formation of axillary inflorescences in the tfl1 mutant background. Taken together, our results suggest that, despite similarities in the critical residues of BFT and FT, BFT possesses a TFL1-like activity and functions redundantly with TFL1 in inflorescence meristem development, and possibly contributes to the regulation of plant architecture.
Internistische Abklärung der Osteoporose (Differentialdiagnose, Knochenstoffwechsel) (1998)

Die Ziele einer Osteoporose-Diagnostik sind die Feststellung einer Osteopenie/Osteoporose mittels radiologischer Methoden, die ätiologische Abklärung der Osteopenie/Osteoporose und eine Quantifizierung des Knochenumsatzes mittels entsprechender biochemischer Marker. Die WHO-Klassifizierung und eine klinisch orientierte Einteilung nach Schweregrad basieren auf Knochendichtemessung und Frakturbefund, nach pathogenetischen Gesichtspunkten können Osteoporosen ohne oder mit erkennbarer Ursache unterschieden werden (primär/sekundär). Schließlich wird die Klassifikation in Typ I/Typ II-Osteoporose erläutert. Die Osteoporose-Diagnostik umfaßt Anamnese, klinische Untersuchung, radiologische Methoden (Nativröntgen von Brust- und Lendenwirbelsäule, Densitometrie, ev. Sonographie) und Labormethoden (Basislabor, erweitertes Labor, Knochenumsatzmarker), nur selten sind Skelettszintigraphie oder Knochenbiopsie notwendig. Ein eventuell vorhandenes erhöhtes Sturzrisiko ist vor allem bei älteren Patienten zu beachten. Abschließend wird das praktische Vorgehen bei der Osteoporoseabklärung erläutert.
Assessing Biophysical Energy Transfer Mechanisms in Living Systems: The Basis of Life Processes (2004)

GDV methods for investigating human functional states, by assessing electro-optical parameters of the skin, are based on the registration of physical processes emerging from electron components of tissue conductivity.
Adaptive Preemption of Traffic for Emergency Vehicles (2017)

Minimizing travel time is critical for the successful operation of emergency vehicles. Preemption can significantly help emergency vehicles reach the intended destination faster. Majority of the current studies focus on minimizing and/or eliminating delays for EVs and do not consider the negative impacts of preemption on urban traffic. One primary negative impact is extended delays for non-EV traffic due to preemption that is addressed in this paper. We propose an Adaptive Preemption of Traffic (APT) system for Emergency Vehicles in an Intelligent Transportation System. We utilize the knowledge of current traffic conditions in the transportation system to adaptively preempt traffic at signals along the path of EVs so as to minimize, if not eliminate stopped delays for EVs while simultaneously minimizing the delays for non-emergency vehicles in the system. Through extensive simulation results, we show substantial reduction in delays for both EVs.
Deferred voxel shading for real-time global illumination (2016)

Computing indirect illumination is a challenging and complex problem for real-time rendering in 3D applications. We present a global illumination approach that computes indirect lighting in real time using a simplified version of the outgoing radiance and the scene stored in voxels. This approach comprehends two-bounce indirect lighting for diffuse, specular and emissive materials. Our voxel structure is based on a directional hierarchical structure stored in 3D textures with mipmapping, the structure is updated in real time utilizing the GPU which enables us to approximate indirect lighting for dynamic scenes. Our algorithm employs a voxel-light pass which calculates voxel direct and global illumination for the simplified outgoing radiance. We perform voxel cone tracing within this voxel structure to approximate different lighting phenomena such as ambient occlusion, soft shadows and indirect lighting. We demonstrate with different tests that our developed approach is capable to compute global illumination of complex scenes on interactive times.
The <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> AlgG Protein, but Not Its Mannuronan C-5-Epimerase Activity, Is Needed for Alginate Polymer Formation (2003)

Bacterial alginates are produced as 1-4-linked beta-D-mannuronan, followed by epimerization of some of the mannuronic acid residues to alpha-L-guluronic acid. Here we report the isolation of four different epimerization-defective point mutants of the periplasmic Pseudomonas fluorescens mannuronan C-5-epimerase AlgG. All mutations affected amino acids conserved among AlgG-epimerases and were clustered in a part of the enzyme also sharing some sequence similarity to a group of secreted epimerases previously reported in Azotobacter vinelandii. An algG-deletion mutant was constructed and found to produce predominantly a dimer containing a 4-deoxy-L-erythro-hex-4-enepyranosyluronate residue at the nonreducing end and a mannuronic acid residue at the reducing end. The production of this dimer is the result of the activity of an alginate lyase, AlgL, whose in vivo activity is much more limited in the presence of AlgG. A strain expressing both an epimerase-defective (point mutation) and a wild-type epimerase was constructed and shown to produce two types of alginate molecules: one class being pure mannuronan and the other having the wild-type content of guluronic acid residues. This formation of two distinct classes of polymers in a genetically pure cell line can be explained by assuming that AlgG is part of a periplasmic protein complex.
The Birth of Pleasure (2003)

The Birth of Pleasure. Carol Gilligan. New York: Knopf. 2002. 256 pp. ISBN 0-679-44037-2. $24.00 (cloth). In her latest book, psychologist Carol Gilligan (In A Different Voice) presents a sweeping metaanalysis of love in the grip of patriarchal relationships and offers a road map embedded within cultural stories to experience this emotion as rather than tragedy. Gilligan draws from a wide array of sources to support her claim that disrupts love with hierarchy, setting up gendered and generational inequalities, and is predicated, if not dependent upon, the tragic suffering faced by participants in these social arrangements. Her reach extends across cultures and over time, employing evidence from selected sources: Shakespeare, Proust, Hawthorne, Anne Frank, Michael Ondaatje, Toni Morrison, and Arundhati Roy as well as from clinical research settings she has direct access to: observations of parental-son departures and greetings in kindergarten, interviews with adolescent girls, and therapeutic counseling sessions with couples in crisis, with colleague Terrence Real. Gilligan seeks foundational truths about love in relationships by delving into the epicenter of patriarchy (p. 56). Her goal is to uncover the rifts in the story linking love to emotional trauma, to find the place where a relationship can and does gives birth to pleasure. Underpinning her analysis is the myth of love gained, lost, and found again, the story of Cupid and Psyche in The Oresteia, by Aeschylus. Throughout her presentation of these stories, Gilligan highlights decision points offering actors the possibility of emotionally honest love in relationship with others, specifically lovers, children, and parents. Gilligan's work here is provocative, and as such, provides many points for discussion, critique, and even dismissal. Her use of story to frame emotional cadences of modern relationships is both daring and disappointing. Gilligan departs from standard social science rhetoric to weave an analysis derived from unreplicable research and metaphorical language that rings true from many angles on the surface, but is elusive for social scientists more familiar with the rhetoric of empirical scientific methodology. Daring, because people use stories in their everyday construction of reality, and Gilligan's use of these stories highlights how these stories become the living history of relationships. However, her analysis of the connection between these emotional stories and people's everyday lives is less satisfying because the overall context in which emotional stories are played out is broadly cast as love, pleasure, patriarchy, democracy, or dissociation, without much fine-grained detail using sociological concepts such as income inequality, domestic divisions of labor and parenting, and physical or sexual abuse and trauma. …
Grapevine genetically transformed with the coat protein gene of grapevine fanleaf virus : an analysis of transformants (1997)

International audience
2-Arachidonoylglycerol, an endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand, induces the migration of EoL-1 human eosinophilic leukemia cells and human peripheral blood eosinophils (2004)

2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is an endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand. To date, two types of cannabinoid receptors have been identified: the CB1 receptor, abundantly expressed in the brain, and the CB2 receptor, expressed in various lymphoid tissues such as the spleen. The CB1 receptor has been assumed to play an important role in the regulation of synaptic transmission, whereas the physiological roles of the CB2 receptor remain obscure. In this study, we examined whether the CB2 receptor is present in human eosinophils and found that the CB2 receptor is expressed in human peripheral blood eosinophils. In contrast, human neutrophils do not contain a significant amount of the CB2 receptor. We then examined the effect of 2-AG on the motility of eosinophils. We found that 2-AG induces the migration of human eosinophilic leukemia EoL-1 cells. The migration evoked by 2-AG was abolished in the presence of SR144528, a CB2 receptor antagonist, or by pretreatment of the cells with pertussis toxin, suggesting that the CB2 receptor and Gi/o are involved in the 2-AG-induced migration. The migration of EoL-1 cells induced by 2-AG was suggested to be a result of chemotaxis. In contrast to 2-AG, neither anandamide nor free arachidonic acid elicited the migration. Finally, we examined the effect of 2-AG on human peripheral blood eosinophils and neutrophils and found that 2-AG induces migration of eosinophils but not neutrophils. These results suggest that the CB2 receptor and its endogenous ligand 2-AG may be closely involved in allergic inflammation accompanied by the infiltration of eosinophils.
White Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Ultrasmall CdSe Nanocrystal Electroluminescence (2010)

We report white light-emitting diodes fabricated with ultrasmall CdSe nanocrystals, which demonstrate electroluminescence from a size of nanocrystals (<2 nm) previously thought to be unattainable. These LEDs have excellent color characteristics, defined by their pure white CIE color coordinates (0.333, 0.333), correlated color temperatures of 5461-6007 K, and color rendering indexes as high as 96.6. The effect of high voltage on the trap states responsible for the white emission is also described.