gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Is Central to Cardioprotection (2008)

Taken together, these studies provide evidence for a critical role of HIF-1 in ischemic preconditioning via enhancing purinergic signaling pathways.
Nucleotide Excision Repair- and Polymerase η-Mediated Error-Prone Removal of Mitomycin C Interstrand Cross-Links (2002)

Interstrand cross-links (ICLs) make up a unique class of DNA lesions in which both strands of the double helix are covalently joined, precluding strand opening during replication and transcription. The repair of DNA ICLs has become a focus of study since ICLs are recognized as the main cytotoxic lesion inflicted by an array of alkylating compounds used in cancer treatment. As is the case for double-strand breaks, a damage-free homologous copy is essential for the removal of ICLs in an error-free manner. However, recombination-independent mechanisms may exist to remove ICLs in an error-prone fashion. We have developed an in vivo reactivation assay that can be used to examine the removal of site-specific mitomycin C-mediated ICLs in mammalian cells. We found that the removal of the ICL from the reporter substrate could take place in the absence of undamaged homologous sequences in repair-proficient cells, suggesting a cross-link repair mechanism that is independent of homologous recombination. Systematic analysis of nucleotide excision repair mutants demonstrated the involvement of transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair and a partial requirement for the lesion bypass DNA polymerase eta encoded by the human POLH gene. From these observations, we propose the existence of a recombination-independent and mutagenic repair pathway for the removal of ICLs in mammalian cells.
Device identification based on H.264 cues (2013)

With the rapid development of multimedia techniques, the video can easily be edited and tempered. To determine whether a video has been modified from its original recording has become a critical challenge. Thanks to the flexibility of H.264, we observe that different H.264 video parameters are used by various manufacturers. We propose a video capturing device identification approach by exploring the H.264 cues. Two main video dependent features are exploited: 1) H.264 encoding parameters which rely on motion-vector analysis, entropy coding, encoding quality and level, GOP information, etc. 2) The other is the video encapsulation formats. The former is to judge whether the video is taken by cellphone, while the latter is utilized to identify the video source. In the experimental part, we evaluate our proposed approach on our collected video dataset, and demonstrate the efficiency of our method.
Efficient Energies and Algorithms for Parametric Snakes (2004)

Parametric active contour models are one of the preferred approaches for image segmentation because of their computational efficiency and simplicity. However, they have a few drawbacks which limit their performance. In this paper, we identify some of these problems and propose efficient solutions to get around them. The widely-used gradient magnitude-based energy is parameter dependent; its use will negatively affect the parametrization of the curve and, consequently, its stiffness. Hence, we introduce a new edge-based energy that is independent of the parameterization. It is also more robust since it takes into account the gradient direction as well. We express this energy term as a surface integral, thus unifying it naturally with the region-based schemes. The unified framework enables the user to tune the image energy to the application at hand. We show that parametric snakes can guarantee low curvature curves, but only if they are described in the curvilinear abscissa. Since normal curve evolution do not ensure constant arc-length, we propose a new internal energy term that will force this configuration. The curve evolution can sometimes give rise to closed loops in the contour, which will adversely interfere with the optimization algorithm. We propose a curve evolution scheme that prevents this condition.
Big & personal (2013)

Since the Netflix $1 million Prize, announced in 2006, our company has been known to have personalization at the core of our product. Even at that point in time, the dataset that we released was considered "large", and we stirred innovation in the (Big) Data Mining research field. Our current product offering is now focused around instant video streaming, and our data is now many orders of magnitude larger. Not only do we have many more users in many more countries, but we also receive many more streams of data. Besides the ratings, we now also use information such as what our members play, browse, or search.
PRIMARY IMMUNIZATION OF LYMPH NODE CELLS IN MILLIPORE CHAMBERS BY EXPOSURE TO HOMOGRAFT ANTIGEN (1962)

Normal Dutch rabbit lymph node and spleen minces, lymph node cell suspensions, and residues from lymph node cell suspensions were cultured in Millipore chambers with slices of autologous or homologous (New Zealand) ear skin. for varying time intervals. Lymphoid cells exposed to New Zealand ear skin for more than 4 days were found capable of producing typical "transfer reactions" in the specific New Zealand ear skin donor, similar in every way to reactions produced by cells from lymph nodes sensitized in the intact Dutch animal. Heat-killed cells and cells exposed to New Zealand ear skin for less than 4 days (in chambers or in the intact animal) or to Dutch ear skin for any period of time were incapable of eliciting such reactions. It is concluded that normal lymphoid tissues undergo primary sensitization when exposed to homografts in Millipore chambers for suitable periods of time.
Braking in Close Following Platoons: The Law of the Weakest (2016)

This paper is concerned with the realization of semi-autonomous vehicle arrangements as the natural transition towards fully automated traffic. In particular, we are interested in road trains or platoons, which involve a group of vehicles at close following distances. This is known to reduce fuel -- or energy -- consumption due to reduced aerodynamic forces acting on them. Currently, available techniques and technologies allow for inter-vehicle distances close to 5 meters with suboptimal fuel/energy savings. To obtain the most savings from a platoon formation (with even less consumption for the lead vehicle), it has been shown that the inter-vehicle distance needs to be reduced to 2.5 meters or less making braking maneuvers even more dangerous. In this paper, we present the design and analysis of a brake-by-wire system for the above case, whose operation is characterized by the law of the weakest. That is, the system automatically adapts braking forces at different platoon members -- taking vehicles' load condition, etc. into account -- to equalize that of the weakest one, i.e., the one braking at the slowest rate in the platoon. We present simulation results based on an automotive hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) setup with realistic car models. Our experiments shows that the proposed system is safe, enabling for collision-free emergency braking at intervehicle distances of 2.5 meters and, hence, paving the way for highly efficient platoons.
Non-uniform random membership management in peer-to-peer networks (2005)

Existing random membership management algorithms provide each node with a small, uniformly random subset of global participants. However, many applications would benefit more from non-uniform random member subsets. For instance, non-uniform gossip algorithms can provide distance-based propagation bounds and thus information can reach nearby nodes sooner. In another example, Kleinberg shows that networks with random long-links following distance-based non-uniform distributions exhibit better routing performance than those with uniformly randomized topologies. In this paper, we propose a scalable non-uniform random membership management algorithm, which provides each node with a random membership subset with application-specified probability e.g., with probability inversely proportional to distances. Our algorithm is the first non-uniform random membership management algorithm with proved convergence and bounded convergence time. Moreover, our algorithm does not put specific restrictions on the network topologies and thus has wide applicability.
Echogenic Polymer Coating (2002)

Echogenic Polymer CoatingDoes It Improve Needle Visualization in Sonographically Guided Biopsy?Diane Bergin1, John N. Pappas, Janice J. Hwang, Douglas H. Sheafor and Erik K. PaulsonAudio Available | Share
FPGA Deployable Fire Detection Model for Real-Time Video Surveillance Systems Using Convolutional Neural Networks (2019)

Unchecked Fires can cause massive disasters leading to loss of human and animal life, property, forests, and other areas of vegetation and causing serious environmental damage. Moreover, fire has a tendency to spread rapidly over a small duration of time. Hence early detection is a very crucial factor when handling fire disasters. Recent studies have proposed the use of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures for the purpose of fire detection. In deep learning, a CNN is a class of deep neural networks, most commonly applied to analyzing visual imagery. CNNs have the ability to automatically learn features from raw fire data which eliminates the tedious and time consuming task of feature engineering. However, popular CNNs (like Alexnet, GoogleNet, VGGNet etc) are computationally expensive and bulky in size. Our research aims at exploring other lightweight alternatives without compromising the performance. This would make the CNNs easily deployable on Field Programmable Gate Arrays(FPGAs) and other mobile devices with limited resources. Deploying the CNN model onto FPGAs would make it portable and hence, it can be conveniently used as an efficient stand-alone fire detection system. In our research we have trained MobileNet, MobileNetV2 and DenseNet like architectures on our dataset and compared their performance on several metrics. Based on our experiments, we have developed a system that successfully detects fire in real-time scenarios and raises an alarm.
Three-dimensional microphone arrays (1987)

Low-cost, high-quality microphones and integrated electronics prompt examination of sophisticated arrays for sound pick-up in large enclosures. A three-dimensional, uniform configuration of receivers is studied and shown to have several benefits. Beamforming and delay steering can be accomplished over the 4π solid angle without spatial ambiguity. Beamwidth is essentially independent of steering direction. As in arrays of fewer dimensions, usable bandwidth is governed at the upper frequency limit by receiver spacing and at the lower frequency limit by linear dimensions. Harmonic nesting in three dimensions can extend the bandwidth of unique spatial discrimination to any desired range. Range selectivity, additional to unique directional discrimination, can be realized by delay steering to nonplanar wave fronts.
Improved Method for the Synthesis of 2-Methyl-2-Aryloxypropanoic Acid Derivatives (2004)

An improved method for the formation of 2-methyl-2-aryloxypropanoic acid derivatives, an important class of compounds for the potential treatment of type II diabetes, is reported. This method offers several advantages over the existing chemistry for this transformation.
More Effective Distributed ML via a Stale Synchronous Parallel Parameter Server (2013)

We propose a parameter server system for distributed ML, which follows a Stale Synchronous Parallel (SSP) model of computation that maximizes the time computational workers spend doing useful work on ML algorithms, while still providing correctness guarantees. The parameter server provides an easy-to-use shared interface for read/write access to an ML model's values (parameters and variables), and the SSP model allows distributed workers to read older, stale versions of these values from a local cache, instead of waiting to get them from a central storage. This significantly increases the proportion of time workers spend computing, as opposed to waiting. Furthermore, the SSP model ensures ML algorithm correctness by limiting the maximum age of the stale values. We provide a proof of correctness under SSP, as well as empirical results demonstrating that the SSP model achieves faster algorithm convergence on several different ML problems, compared to fully-synchronous and asynchronous schemes.
Angiopeptin inhibits oncogene induction in rabbit aorta after balloon denudation. (1994)

Our results show that the inhibitory effect of angiopeptin on neointimal thickening is related to events that occur very early after injury and suggest that the inhibition of smooth muscle cell activation may be responsible, at least in part, for this effect.
Steroid Studies. XI. On the Methylation of 3-Oxosteroids. (1). (1959)

By consecutive formylation, methylation, and deformylation, 4, 22-stigmastadien-3-one (IV) affords 2α-methyl-4, 22-stigmastadien-3-one (VII), while the same treatment of the 5α-dihydro compound (VIII) of (IV) gives the 2α-methyl derivative (XI), which agrees with the reduction product of (VII) with lithium in liquid ammonia. The same treatment of the 5β-dihydro compound (XIIIa) of (IV) forms the 4β-methyl derivative (XXa). These experimental results are consistent with the general rule that the 2-position in 3-oxo-5α-steroids and 4-position of 3-oxo-5β-steroids are active.
Mesozoic and Cenozoic Oceans (1988)

Marine sedimentary rocks now exposed on land are mainly deposits of shallow shelf seas, although ancient deep‐sea sediments do occur in the mountains. Thanks largely to the 15‐year effort by the Deep Sea Drilling Project of the Joint Oceanographic Institutions (JOI) Deep Earth Sampling Program, we have made quantum jumps in our understanding of the history of the ocean. Time has been added as the fourth dimension to oceanography, giving birth to a new interdisciplinary science, paleoceanography. The International Lithosphere Program is a successor to the International Geodynamics Program of the 1970s. The program is coordinated by the Inter‐Union Commission on Lithosphere (ICL), a commission of the International Council of Scientific Unions. This volume, Mesozoic and Cenozoic Oceans , is an interim report of Working Group 7 of the International Lithosphere Project.
The generation of ultrashort laser pulses (1995)

Summary form only given. This article is intended to provide an introduction to ultrafast laser development for scientists new to the field. It also aims to provide a snapshot of the state-of-the-art of ultrafast lasers and to indicate how this state evolved over the last thirty years. In the first section, the main issues concerning ultrashort pulse generation are discussed and the most important ultrafast laser media are briefly reviewed, An extensive historical survey of mode-locking and pulse compression from 1964 until 1994 is then presented which covers the most important developments and aims to put recent advances and state-of-the-art femtosecond lasers in context. This review also anticipates future developments in practical ultrafast lasers for real-world applications, The basic techniques of mode-locking are then reviewed at a tutorial level. These include active mode-locking, passive mode-locking with real, resonant saturable absorbers and passive mode-locking with the optical Kerr effect. Emphasis is placed on ultrafast solid-state lasers, dye lasers and fibre lasers. Group velocity dispersion and self-phase modulation are introduced and their interaction discussed in some detail, Fibre-optic pulse compression is described and the significance of soliton shaping and solitary lasers is highlighted. Some of the phenomena limiting the minimum achievable duration of laser pulses are identified. The final section describes techniques for measuring ultrashort pulses including electrooptic streak cameras and second harmonic generation autocorrelation.
Editorial October 2012 (2012)

This issue contains five papers, which cover the student life cycle. Starting with issues of recruitment and induction, looking at sustaining students through the process, through to teaching, assessment and feedback.
Effects of Tumour Necrosis Factor and Related Cytokines on Vascular Endothelial Cells (2007)

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and related cytokines have been found to alter the phenotype of vascular endothelial cells so as to promote coagulation, inflammation and immunity. We have used recombinant human TNF, lymphotoxin (LT), interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) to study and compare the effects of these molecules on cultured human endothelial cells (HEC). All four mediators cause HEC monolayers to reorganize from an epithelioid to a fibroblastoid morphology. Reorganization is slow (days), reversible upon cytokine withdrawal and enhanced by co-addition of immune interferon. Coincident with morphological change, TNF and LT (but not IL-1 alpha or IL-1 beta) cause a marked increase in HLA-A, B mRNA and antigen expression. TNF and LT also induce a slow increase in the mRNA levels and cell-surface expression of IL-1 species. All four cytokines have been reported to enhance HEC adhesiveness for lymphocytes and inflammatory leucocytes; these changes temporally coincide with a rapid (hours) and sustained increase in expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and with a rapid but transient de novo expression of an endothelial-leucocyte adhesion molecule (detected by antibody H4/18), respectively. TNF and LT induce reciprocal tachyphylaxis for the reinduction of H4/18 binding but do not inhibit induction by IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta; similarly, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta induce reciprocal tachyphylaxis but do not inhibit TNF or LT. We have used the binding of H4/18 to explore the mechanism of action of TNF. Tumour-promoting phorbol esters, but not agents which increase cytoplasmic calcium concentrations, were found to induce binding, suggesting a possible involvement of the protein kinase C pathway in the response of HEC to TNF. Cells pretreated for 24 hours with phorbol esters cannot be reinduced to express H4/18 binding by phorbol esters yet retain full responsiveness to TNF. Thus TNF also appears to act on HEC through a pathway independent of protein kinase C activation. Collectively, these effects of TNF and related cytokines may be understood as examples of endothelial cell activation.
A linear limiter: a 11-GHz monolithic low distortion variable gain amplifier (2002)

A novel 11-GHz monolithic low-distortion variable gain amplifier is proposed. The amplifier maintains high linearity up to the high input power level using variable negative feedback. The third-order intermodulation distortion ratio of this amplifier is improved by more than 40 dB compared with conventional variable-gain amplifiers under compressed gain conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Human animal interaction, animal assisted therapy and pet ownership in neurorehabilitation (2020)

Human animal interactions (HAI), animal assisted therapy (AAT) and pet ownership can confer huge benefits for patients undergoing neurorehabilitation, in inpatient and outpatient settings. However, these must be weighed against potential risks and disadvantages both for the patient and for the animal. The field of HAI in neurorehabilitation has great potential for research.
Monoclonal Antibodies to Disrupt Progression of Early Covid-19 Infection (2021)

By the end of 2020, more than 19 million Americans had received the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.1 Although a substantial proportion of these ...
Intraspinal Microstimulation using Cylindrical Multielectrodes (2006)

A cylindrical multielectrode system specifically designed for intraspinal microstimulation was mechanically and electrically evaluated in the ventral horn of the feline lumbo-sacral spinal cord. Electrode insertions proved to be straight as evaluated from radiographs. Impedances were measured in situ and force recruitment curves from quadriceps muscles were collected over a wide range of stimulus parameters. For a given charge, higher current amplitudes produced greater forces than proportionally longer pulse durations, indicating that charge is not the sole indicator of evoked force in applications utilizing electrical stimulation. Overlap measurements for calculating current-distance constants were collected at a variety of current amplitudes, electrode pair separations, and pair orientations in the spinal grey matter. Forces obtained in the majority of these trials demonstrated an order effect, presumably due to asymmetric neuronal connectivity within the spinal cord. In the cases showing no order effect, the dorso-ventral electrode pair orientation yielded a higher average current-distance constant (278 microA/mm2) than either the medio-lateral or rostro-caudal electrode pair orientations (197 microA/mm2). Specifications of an array of cylindrical multielectrodes for use in future intraspinal microstimulation prostheses were updated.
Modeling epidemic information dissemination on mobile devices with finite buffers (2005)

Epidemic algorithms have recently been proposed as an effective solution for disseminating information in large-scale peer-to-peer (P2P) systems and in mobile ad hoc networks (MANET). In this paper, we present a modeling approach for steady-state analysis of epidemic dissemination of information in MANET. As major contribution, the introduced approach explicitly represents the spread of multiple data items, finite buffer capacity at mobile devices and a least recently used buffer replacement scheme. Using the introduced modeling approach, we analyze seven degrees of separation (7DS) as one well-known approach for implementing P2P data sharing in a MANET using epidemic dissemination of information. A validation of results derived from the analytical model against simulation shows excellent agreement. Quantitative performance curves derived from the analytical model yield several insights for optimizing the system design of 7DS.
A broad range of human papillomavirus types detected with a general PCR method suitable for analysis of cutaneous tumours and normal skin (1999)

A pair of degenerate PCR primers (FAP59/64) was designed from two relatively conserved regions of the L1 open reading frame of most human papillomaviruses (HPV). The size of the generated amplicon was about 480 bp. PCR using these primers was found capable of amplifying DNA from 87% (65/75) of the HPV types tested, its sensitivity being 1-10 copies for HPV-5, -20 and -30 clones. HPV was found in 63% (5/8) of tumour samples and in 63% (5/8) of normal skin biopsies from patients with various cutaneous tumours. HPV-5, HPV-8, HPV-12, HPVvs20-4 and six putatively novel HPV types were identified. No correlation was found to exist between specific HPV and tumour types. Skin surface swab samples from one or more sites on three of four healthy volunteers were found to contain HPV, types 12 and 49 being identified, as well as eight novel HPV types, two of which were also found among the patients. In all, HPV was detected in 75% (9/12) of those tested, five HPV types and 12 novel candidate types being identified, and 37% (7/19) of HPV-positive samples were found to manifest more than one HPV type. All the HPV detected manifested high degrees of nucleotide sequence similarity with HPV types associated with skin lesions and epidermodysplasia verruciformis. The overall HPV finding in the skin samples was 50% (20/40) using the FAP primers as compared to 18% (7/40) using another PCR test designed for skin types. The results thus suggest the new method to be sensitive and generally applicable for detecting cutaneous HPV.