gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Voicing-specific LPC quantization for variable-rate speech coding (1999)

Phonetic classification of speech frames allows distinctive quantization and bit allocation schemes suited to the particular class. Separate quantization of the linear predictive coding (LPC) parameters for voiced and unvoiced speech frames is shown to offer useful gains for representing the synthesis filter commonly used in code-excited linear prediction (CELP) and other coders. Subjective test results are reported that determine the required bit rate and accuracy in the two classes of voiced and unvoiced LPC spectra for CELP coding with phonetic classification. It was found, in this context, that unvoiced spectra need 9 b/frame or more whereas voiced spectra need 25 b/frame or more with the quantization schemes used. New spectral distortion criteria needed to assure transparent LPC spectral quantization for each voicing class in CELP coders are presented. Similar subjective test results for speech synthesized from the true residual signal are also presented, leading to some interesting observations on the role of the analysis-by-synthesis structure of CELP. Objective performance assessments based on the spectral distortion measure are also presented. The theoretical distortion-rate function for the spectral distortion measure is estimated for voiced and unvoiced LPC parameters and compared with experimental results obtained with unstructured vector quantization (VQ). These results show a saving of at least 2 b/frame for unvoiced spectra compared to voiced spectra to achieve the same spectral distortion performance.
Economic Evaluation of Stockwater Developments (1965)

Stockwater development offers a good possibility for favorable returns on investment. By analyzing proposed development projects as described here, a rancher can make sounder economic decisions concerning range improvement practices.
Mammalian Vestibular Hair Cell Regeneration (1995)

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Randomized load balancing with a helper (2017)

In a cloud environment, a scheduler assigns arriving tasks to one of many servers, with the goal of minimizing response times. There are two conventional approaches to cloud scheduling. The first is called the Join-the-Shortest-Queue (JSQ) algorithm, which directs an arriving task to the least loaded server. Despite its excellent delay performance, JSQ is throughput-limited, and thus doesn't scale well with the number of servers. The second is called the Power-of-d-choices (Pod) algorithm, which selects d servers at random and routes a task to the least loaded server of the d servers. Despite its scalability, Pod suffers from long tail response times. In this paper, a hybrid scheduling strategy is proposed, and it consists of a Pod scheduler and a throughput-limited helper. Hybrid scheduling takes the best of both worlds, enjoying scalability and low tail response times. In particular, hybrid scheduling has bounded maximum queue size in the large-system regime, which is in sharp contrast to the Pod scheduling whose maximum queue size is unbounded.
Cloud and cloud shadow removal of landsat 8 images using Multitemporal Cloud Removal method (2017)

Cloud and cloud shadow cover on satellite images limit remote sensing and geo-information systems (GIS) applications in all application areas, especially for change detection and time series analyses. A novel method of cloud and cloud shadow removal called Multitemporal Cloud Removal (MCR) is proposed in this paper. The method has main steps: (1) radiometric correction, (2) cloud and cloud shadow detection, and (3) image reconstruction. Top of Atmosphere (TOA) radiometric correction converts digital number values to TOA reflectance for Landsat 8 OLI was first completed. In the second step, Multi-temporal Cloud Masking (MCM) was used to detect cloud and cloud shadow. This method uses a target image which has cloud and cloud shadow contaminated pixels and a reference image which is clear. The aim is to obtain the difference in reflectance values in visible, near-infrared and short wave infrared bands between target and reference images. These values can be used to detect cloud and cloud shadow in Landsat 8 images. The Landsat 8 cirrus band is used to detect thin cirrus cloud in this method. We use target image and reference image from a sequence acquisition dates of Landsat 8 images to avoid the significant land cover change. In the last step, we use multitemporal images to reconstruct pixels which are contaminated by cloud and cloud shadow. Cloud and cloud shadow contaminated pixels on the target image are replaced by pixels from the reference image. Landsat 8 images which have heterogeneous land cover and variety of cloud types are chosen in the experiments to prove that MCR is robust method for removing cloud and cloud shadow and can be used for image that has heterogeneous land cover and variety of cloud types. We use visual and statistical assessments to evaluate the results. As results show, cloud and cloud shadow can be removed by MCR. In visual evaluation, the corrected images are similar to the reference image. In statistical assessments between corrected and references images, the correlation coefficient for each band is quite high (>0.9) for the thick cloud case and equal to 1 for thin cloud case. Within band tandard deviations in the reference image and the corrected image were higher in the corrected image compared to the the reference image and original image. Although not comprehensive, the visual and statistical assessments, provide some indication that th MCR method was robust method for removing cloud and cloud shadow in Landsat 8 images examined in this work. The advantage of this appoach is that original reflectance values can be retained as long as they are not contaminated by cloud and cloud shadow. In addition, as we use a sequence acquisition date of Landsat 8 images, we can produce free cloud and cloud shadow images.
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (2009)

The authors have demonstrated in a large national study that resection of primary tumor in patients with PNETs is associated with improved survival across all disease stages. Patients with localized, regional, and metastatic PNETs who are reasonable operative candidates should be considered for resection of their primary tumors.
Effects of tRNATyr point mutations on the binding of yeast RNA polymerase III transcription factor C. (1986)

A physical DNA binding assay was employed to analyze the binding of yeast RNA polymerase III transcription factor C (TFIIIC) to tRNA genes. The assay allowed us to measure the equilibrium constants for specific and nonspecific TFIIIC-DNA binding and to assess the effects of tRNATyr-DNA gene promoter mutations on binding. Sequence alterations in the B block element of the promoter greatly affect the equilibrium constant for specific TFIIIC binding (K8). Mutations which decrease tRNATyr homology to the recognized B block consensus sequence drastically reduce K8 (43- to 370-fold), while mutations which increase homology increase K8 (4- to 5-fold). By contrast, point mutations in the A block element of the tRNATyr promoter have less than 2-fold effects on K8; however, total deletion of A block sequences reduces K8 2- to 5-fold. These results indicate that TFIIIC-rTNA gene binding involves interactions with both A block and B block sequences, but B block interactions dominate, and the relative contribution of A block interactions is small. Since A block sequences are absolutely required for active tRNA gene transcription, the binding results suggest that the role of A block sequences in transcription is not confined solely to TFIIIC binding.
Combining CXCL10 gene therapy and radiotherapy improved therapeutic efficacy in cervical cancer HeLa cell xenograft tumor models (2015)

Radiotherapy is an important treatment method for cervical cancer, but the efficacy requires improvement. Therefore, novel methods of treatment are required. Previous data have demonstrated that the CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) inhibits angiogenesis, induces apoptosis and causes avoidance of the S phase of the cell cycle in cervical cancer cells. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-tumor effect of radiotherapy combined with CXCL10 gene therapy. Mouse models of cervical carcinoma were created by inoculation with HeLa cells, and were treated by combining intravenously administered plasmid-encoding CXCL10, administered 5 times (days 12, 15, 18, 21 and 24 following inoculation), with direct radiation (20 Gy/5 fractions) administered on 5 consecutive days (~day 27 after inoculation). The vessel density and tumor cell proliferation were observed by immunostaining, and apoptosis was determined using a TUNEL assay. The results revealed a significant increase in the inhibition of tumor growth, reduced vessel density, decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis in the tumor cells of the combination therapy group. Overall, these findings resulted in the conclusion that CXCL10 gene therapy in combination with radiotherapy is a novel effective therapeutic strategy for cervical cancer.
The use of amantadine HCL in clinical practice: A study of old and new indications (2006)

Since the discovery of the anti-dyskinet- ic properties of amantadine, there has been a renewed interest in its use. To evaluate its efficacy and tolerability, we performed a retrospective study of con- secutive patients with Parkinson's dis- ease (PD) who had received amantadine either as mono- or combination therapy for a 3-year period. We identified 41
Amino Acid Analysis of Peptides and Proteins on the Femtomole Scale by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (1998)

Amino acid analysis (AAA) is a useful aid in protein chemistry, but its routine application is limited by a modest limit of detection. Typically, 10 pmol of material is required, but even at this level the reproducibility can be poor. We have employed isotope dilution gas chromatography electron capture negative ionization mass spectrometry (GC/ECNI/MS) to provide accurate and reliable data on less than 100 fmol of material. Precision and accuracy are good, and all 20 non-hydrolyzed amino acids can be determined in this manner. The protein is hydrolyzed (HCl), and then a cocktail, composed of all 20 amino acids as stable isotope-labeled forms (i.e., (13)C and (2)H), is added. The mixture of protein-derived and stable isotope-labeled amino acids is then converted to volatile electron-capturing derivatives with a multistep approach employing heptafluorobutyric anhydride (HFBA), pentafluorobenzyl bromide (PFBBr), and N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA). These derivatives are then injected directly into the GC/MS system. Groups of selected ions, characteristic of each derivatized amino acid, are thereafter monitored at appropriate time intervals. The ratios of the ion current for the selected ions for the native amino acid and its labeled form are determined and converted to absolute amounts of the native amino acids in the protein hydrolyzate by reference to standard samples prepared at the time of the analysis.
Backward Motion for Estimation Enhancement in Sparse Visual Odometry (2017)

Visual Odometry (VO) aims to estimate camera position and orientation based on the images acquired by the camera. This area is rapidly gaining traction due to the dissemination of utonomous robots (cars, drones etc). It is well understood that different camera translations have different impacts on camera pose estimation. Movement along the optical axis (forward or backward) produces lower parallax than movement perpendicular to the optical axis (sideway translations). In this work, projection characteristics of sparse features for a camera moving away from the scene (backward movement) are discussed and a monocular backward looking camera VO system is suggested to take advantage of those characteristics. Implementation results tested with the KITTI dataset, a forward motion application processed in reversed order to emulate backward movement, show that the proposed system presents superior precision then forward looking published solutions and is suitable for real time operation.
Synthesis and polymerase incorporation of 5'-amino-2',5'-dideoxy-5'-N-triphosphate nucleotides (2002)

Owing to the markedly increased reactivity of amino functional groups versus hydroxyls, the 5'-amino-5'-deoxy nucleoside and nucleotide analogs have proven widely useful in biological, pharmaceutical and genomic applications. However, synthetic procedures leading to these analogs have not been fully explored, which may possibly have limited the scope of their utility. Here we describe the synthesis of the 5'-amino-2',5'-dideoxy analogs of adenosine, cytidine, guanosine, inosine and uridine from their respective naturally occurring nucleosides via the reduction of 5'-azido-2',5'-dideoxy intermediates using the Staudinger reaction, and the high yield conversion of these modified nucleosides and 5'-amino-5'-deoxythymidine to the corresponding 5'-N-triphosphates through reaction with trisodium trimetaphosphate in the presence of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris). We also show that each of these nucleotide analogs can be efficiently incorporated into DNA by the Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I when individually substituted for its naturally occurring counterpart. Mild acid treatment of the resulting DNA generates polynucleotide fragments that arise from specific cleavage at each modified nucleotide, providing a sequence ladder for each base. Because the ladders are generated after the extension, the corresponding products may be manipulated by enzymatic and/or purification processes. The potential utility of this extension-cleavage procedure in genomic sequence analysis is discussed.
Water photolysis. Part 1. The photolysis of co-ordinated water in [{MnL(H2O)}2][ClO4]2(L = dianion of tetradentate O2N2-donor Schiff bases). A model for the manganese site in photosystem II of green plant photosynthesis (1985)

A number of manganese(III) complexes of the type [{MnL(H2O)}2]2+(L = dianion of O2N2 tetradentate Schiff base), in aqueous solution, have been shown to liberate dioxygen and reduce p-benzoquinone to hydroquinone when irradiated with visible light. The photoactivity is critically dependent on the structure of the ligand, the complex [{Mn(salpd)(H2O)}2][ClO4]2[salpd = propane-1,3-diylbis(salicylideneiminate)] being the most active. All the active complexes exhibit a band at 590 nm in the electronic spectrum, which is absent for the inactive complexes. Amongst the parameters of the photolysis which have been studied are: wavelength of light, temperature, complex and quinone concentrations, ligand structure, pH, and solvent nature. The rate of dioxygen evolution is dependent on the manganese(III) complex (first order) and quinone concentrations (order, 0.5) and the pH of the reaction medium, but is independent of solvent. The water which is photolysed is that bound to the manganese (suggesting that a model for the manganese site of photosystem II of the green plant is represented by these complexes). The energy of activation for O2 evolution in [{Mn(salpd)(H2O)}2][ClO4]2 is ca. 80 kJ mol–1, and the evidence points to homolytic, rather than heterolytic, fission of water. The manganese complex is converted to [{Mn(salpd)}2O] in the photolysis, i.e. no oxidation state change of manganese is involved. In addition to p-benzoquinone, methylene blue has been shown to be a hydrogen acceptor in this system.
AKAP350 Interaction with cdc42 Interacting Protein 4 at the Golgi Apparatus (2004)

The A kinase anchoring protein 350 (AKAP350) is a multiply spliced type II protein kinase A anchoring protein that localizes to the centrosomes in most cells and to the Golgi apparatus in epithelial cells. In the present study, we sought to identify AKAP350 interacting proteins that could yield insights into AKAP350 function at the Golgi apparatus. Using yeast two-hybrid and pull-down assays, we found that AKAP350 interacts with a family of structurally related proteins, including FBP17, FBP17b, and cdc42 interacting protein 4 (CIP4). CIP4 interacts with the GTP-bound form of cdc42, with the Wiscott Aldrich Syndrome group of proteins, and with microtubules, and exerts regulatory effects on cytoskeleton and membrane trafficking. CIP4 is phosphorylated by protein kinase A in vitro, and elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP with forskolin stimulates in situ phosphorylation of CIP4. Our results indicate that CIP4 interacts with AKAP350 at the Golgi apparatus and that either disruption of this interaction by expressing the CIP4 binding domain in AKAP350, or reduction of AKAP350 expression by RNA interference leads to changes in Golgi structure. The results suggest that AKAP350 and CIP4 influence the maintenance of normal Golgi apparatus structure.
Volatile Classification of Point of Interests based on Social Activity Streams. (2011)

Abstract. Location sharing services(LSS) like Foursquare, Gowalla and Facebook Places gather information from millions of users who leave trails in locations (i.e. chekins) in the form of micro-posts. These footprints provide a unique opportunity to explore the way in which users engage and perceive a point of interest (POI). A POI is as a human construct which describes information about locations (e.g restaurants, cities). In this work we investigate whether the collective perception of a POI can be used as a real-time dataset from which POI’s transient features can be extracted. We introduce a graph-based model for profiling geographical areas based on social awareness streams. Based on this model we define a set of measures that can characterise a location-based social awareness stream as well as act as indicators of volatile events occurring at a POI. We applied the model and measures on a dataset consisting of a collection of tweets generated at the city of Sheffield and registered over three week-ends. The model and measures introduced in this paper are relevant for design of future location-based services, real-time emergency-response models, as well as traffic forecasting. Our empirical findings demonstrate that social awareness streams not only can act as an event-sensor but also can enrich the profile of a location-entity.
Characterization of Fatty Acid Synthase Activity Using Scintillation Proximity (2003)

FAS is a 544-kDa dimeric enzyme consisting of seven functional catalytic components that synthesize long-chain fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA using NADPH as a cofactor. We have developed a novel radiometric, homogeneous procedure that directly detects FAS activity. The assay determines incorporation of [(3)H]acetyl-CoA into palmitic acid as catalyzed by FAS from rat liver. Radiolabeled palmitic acid is captured on a 384-well phospholipid-coated microtiter plate and is brought into close proximity with embedded scintillant, stimulating the emission of photons. Because it uses acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA as substrates, the procedure mimics the classical reductase assay. However, this method eliminates such labor-intensive steps as organic extraction, aspirations and washes, phase separations, and sample transfers. Furthermore, it offers advantages over photometric and fluorometric methods that indirectly measure FAS activity via NADPH absorbance. We present here kinetic and inhibition data for FAS using scintillation proximity. The assay is shown to be robust and reproducible.
Quality of transmission (QoT)-Aware routing in all-optical WDM networks (2010)

In this paper, we consider the problem of routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) in all-optical Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) networks, where signals propagate in the optical domain (with no electrical regeneration) from end-to-end. We design and implement a quality of transmission aware routing algorithm for online traffic in all-optical WDM networks. In transparent optical networks the quality of a transmission degrades due to physical layer impairments. In an optical network, a connection is set up to carry a data signal via an all-optical channel (lightpath) from its source to destination node. The optical signal transmitted along the lightpath may need to travel through a number of crossconnect switches (OXCs), optical amplifiers, and fiber segments. While the signal propagates toward its destination, the optical components would continuously degrade the signal quality by inducing impairments. When the signal degradation is so severe that the received bit-error rate (BER) becomes unacceptably high, the lightpath would not be able to provide good service quality to a connection request. Such a lightpath, which has poor signal quality due to transmission impairments in the physical layer, should not be used for connection provisioning in the network layer. To serve a connection, the proposed algorithm finds a path and a free wavelength (a lightpath) that has acceptable signal quality performance by estimating a quality of transmission measure, called the Q factor. We take into account channel utilization in the network, which changes as new connections are established or released, in order to calculate the noise variances that correspond to physical impairments on the links. The quality of transmission routing algorithm finds a set of so called non-dominated Q paths from the given source to the given destination. Various objective functions are then evaluated in order to choose the optimal lightpath to serve the connection.
Viral Gastroenteritis Outbreaks in Europe, 1995–2000 (2003)

To gain understanding of surveillance and epidemiology of viral gastroenteritis outbreaks in Europe, we compiled data from 10 surveillance systems in the Foodborne Viruses in Europe network. Established surveillance systems found Norovirus to be responsible for >85% (N =3,714) of all nonbacterial outbreaks of gastroenteritis reported from 1995 to 2000. However, the absolute number and population-based rates of viral gastroenteritis outbreaks differed markedly among European surveillance systems. A wide range of estimates of the importance of foodborne transmission were also found. We review these differences within the context of the sources of outbreak surveillance information, clinical definitions, and structures of the outbreak surveillance systems.