gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive web search based on user profile constructed without any effort from users (2004)

Web search engines help users find useful information on the World Wide Web (WWW). However, when the same query is submitted by different users, typical search engines return the same result regardless of who submitted the query. Generally, each user has different information needs for his/her query. Therefore, the search result should be adapted to users with different information needs. In this paper, we first propose several approaches to adapting search results according to each user's need for relevant information without any user effort, and then verify the effectiveness of our proposed approaches. Experimental results show that search systems that adapt to each user's preferences can be achieved by constructing user profiles based on modified collaborative filtering with detailed analysis of user's browsing history in one day.
Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of (<i>E</i>)- and (<i>Z</i>)-α-Fluoro-α,β-unsaturated Esters and (<i>E</i>)- and (<i>Z</i>)-α-Fluoro-α,β-unsaturated Amides from 1-Bromo-1-fluoroalkenes via Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation Reactions (2005)

The highly stereoselective synthesis of (E)- and (Z)-alpha-fluoro-alpha,beta-unsaturated esters and (E)- and (Z)-alpha-fluoro-alpha,beta-unsaturated amides is described. 1-Bromo-1-fluoroalkenes (E/Z approximately 1:1), which are readily available starting materials, have been found to isomerize to high E/Z ratios after storage at -20 degrees C for 1 week or by photolysis at 254 nm. Since the (E)-isomers have been found to react faster than the corresponding (Z)-isomers at room temperature in Pd(0)-catalyzed reactions, the palladium-catalyzed carboalkoxylation of high E/Z 1-bromo-1-fluoroalkenes lead to a high Z/E (Z/E >/= 98:2) ratio of the alpha-fluoro-alpha,beta-unsaturated esters. When 1-bromo-1-fluoroalkenes (E/Z approximately 1:1) were reacted with HCOOH/NBu(3)/Pd(II)/DMF, the (E)-isomer was selectively reduced, and the remaining (Z)-1-bromo-1-fluoroalkenes were recovered in essentially pure isomeric form. The resulting mixture of (Z)-1-bromo-1-fluoroalkenes and the reduced products underwent similar palladium-catalyzed carboalkoxylation reactions at 70 degrees C, and the (E)-alpha-fluoro-alpha,beta-unsaturated esters were stereospecifically obtained. This methodology was also successfully applied for the stereospecific synthesis of (Z)- and (E)-alpha-fluoro-alpha,beta-unsaturated amides: the palladium-catalyzed carboamidation reaction of high E/Z and (Z)-1-bromo-1-fluoroalkenes lead to pure (Z)- and (E)-alpha-fluoro-alpha,beta-unsaturated amides, respectively.
Comparative pharmacological and functional analysis of the human dopamine D4.2 and D4.10 receptor variants (1999)

The human dopamine D4 receptor is a D2-like receptor which is a target for most common neuroleptics. Previous investigations have shown that this receptor displays a large polymorphic variation in the third intracellular loop involving a variable number of direct imperfect tandem repeats (VNTR) of 16 amino acids. The shortest and longest repeat variants reported to date contain two and 10 repeat units (D4.2 and D4.10). No major pharmacological differences have been reported for the most common variants of this receptor (D4.2, D4.4 and D4.7), although the D4.7 was reported by us to display a slightly lower potency for dopamine in functional assays. Direct pharmacological and functional comparison of the longest and shortest variants in this study suggest no major discrepancies in pharmacological or functional profile between both receptors. Both receptors display, on average, a 15-fold and 90-fold lower potency for epinephrine and norepinephrine, respectively, compared with dopamine. We observed small increases in functional potency and affinity for dopamine and quinpirole at the D4.10 receptor variant compared with the D4.2 receptor. Our data indicate that there is no direct relationship between the length of the polymorphism and changes in pharmacology or functional activity. These findings are a suitable caution against the arbitrary pooling of D4 receptor VNTR genotypes in genetic studies, based on length.
Prostaglandin metabolites. Synthesis of E and F urinary metabolites (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProstaglandin metabolites. Synthesis of E and F urinary metabolitesC. H. LinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 25, 4045–4047Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00887a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00887a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views115Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Randomised clinical trial: oral vs. intravenous iron after upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage – a placebo‐controlled study (2013)

Iron treatment is effective and essential for treating anaemia after nonvariceal acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The route of iron supplementation is less important in terms of the increase in haemoglobin levels. Iron stores are filled most effectively if intravenous iron supplementation is administered (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00978575).
iGUIDE: an improved pipeline for analyzing CRISPR cleavage specificity (2019)

Genome engineering methods have advanced greatly with the development of programmable nucleases, but methods for quantifying on- and off-target cleavage sites and associated deletions remain nascent. Here, we report an improvement of the GUIDE-seq method, iGUIDE, which allows filtering of mispriming events to clarify the true cleavage signal. Using iGUIDE, we specify the locations of Cas9-guided cleavage for four guide RNAs, characterize associated deletions, and show that naturally occurring background DNA double-strand breaks are associated with open chromatin, gene dense regions, and chromosomal fragile sites. iGUIDE is available from https://github.com/cnobles/iGUIDE .
Heterozygous mutation in the G+5 position of intron 33 of the pro-alpha 2(I) gene (COL1A2) that causes aberrant RNA splicing and lethal osteogenesis imperfecta. Use of carbodiimide methods that decrease the extent of DNA sequencing necessary to define an unusual mutation (1991)

Cultured skin fibroblasts from a proband with osteogenesis imperfecta were found to synthesize normal and shortened alpha 2(I) chains of type I procollagen. A cDNA library was prepared using mRNA isolated from the proband's fibroblasts. Partial nucleotide sequencing of five clones demonstrated that two clones lacked the 54 base pairs (bp) of coding sequences found in exon 33 of the pro-alpha 2(I) gene (COL1A2). To reduce the amount of nucleotide sequencing required, heteroduplexes were prepared from two of the clones, one normal and the other lacking exon 33, and reacted with a water-soluble carbodiimide under conditions in which nonbase-paired G and T nucleotides are specifically modified by the reagent. Analysis of the heteroduplexes by immunoelectron microscopy suggested that the sequence variation near the codons of exon 33 was the only sequence difference in the cDNA clones. Amplification of cDNA from the proband by polymerase chain reaction gave products of two sizes, one of the expected size for the normal sequence and the other of the expected size for a product lacking the 54 bp in exon 33. To define the mutation in genomic DNA, a 1.6-kilobase region spanning exons 32 and 34 was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and DNA heteroduplexes were prepared from the products. The heteroduplexes were treated with a water-soluble carbodiimide and then used as templates for primer extension under conditions in which extension terminates at the site of a carbodiimide-modified base. The results suggested a mismatch near the exon-intron boundary of exon 33 and a second mismatch near the 3' end of intron 33. Nucleotide sequencing of the polymerase chain reaction products revealed a single-base substitution in one allele that changed the moderately conserved G at position +5 of the 5' splice site of intron 33 to an A. In addition, there was an apparently neutral single-base substitution that placed both a G and T at position +661 of intron 33. The results provide only the third example of a mutation in the G at the +5 position of an intron that causes aberrant RNA splicing. Also, the results demonstrate that use of techniques involving carbodiimide modification of DNA heteroduplexes can reduce the amount of nucleotide sequencing necessary to define mutations in large and complex genes.
Structures of High and Low Density Amorphous Ice by Neutron Diffraction (2002)

Neutron diffraction with isotope substitution is used to determine the structures of high (HDA) and low (LDA) density amorphous ice. Both "phases" are fully hydrogen bonded, tetrahedral networks, with local order similarities between LDA and ice Ih, and HDA and liquid water. Moving from HDA, through liquid water and LDA to ice Ih, the second shell radial order increases at the expense of spatial order. This is linked to a fifth first neighbor "interstitial" that restricts the orientations of first shell waters. This "lynch pin" molecule which keeps the HDA structure intact has implications for the nature of the HDA-LDA transition that bear on the current metastable water debate.
Audio Surveillance of Roads: A System for Detecting Anomalous Sounds (2015)

In the last decades, several systems based on video analysis have been proposed for automatically detecting accidents on roads to ensure a quick intervention of emergency teams. However, in some situations, the visual information is not sufficient or sufficiently reliable, whereas the use of microphones and audio event detectors can significantly improve the overall reliability of surveillance systems. In this paper, we propose a novel method for detecting road accidents by analyzing audio streams to identify hazardous situations such as tire skidding and car crashes. Our method is based on a two-layer representation of an audio stream: at a low level, the system extracts a set of features that is able to capture the discriminant properties of the events of interest, and at a high level, a representation based on a bag-of-words approach is then exploited in order to detect both short and sustained events. The deployment architecture for using the system in real environments is discussed, together with an experimental analysis carried out on a data set made publicly available for benchmarking purposes. The obtained results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Simulation of working procedures in a distribution centre (2004)

This simulation study has been developed to assess a set of realistic proposals of a new distribution centre to a pharmaceutical company, with a focus on the sorting operation. Different sorting strategies, establishing dynamic assignment of the lanes to destinations and lanes to operators are proposed. Also different packing procedures have been presented according to the operator way of working. New qualitative criterions have been defined to evaluate the strategies. The results show some interesting non-linear behaviour in the sorting operation, and give the number of required operators, length of the lanes, and working procedures to be used in this application. The simulation experiments show that the improvement in the overall productivity by choosing a specific sorting strategy can be significant. The study has helped the management of the involved company to make a decision about the supplier and actually, the suggested proposals are being implemented in practice.
Functional Properties of Milk‐Egg Mixtures (1999)

ABSTRACT: We used an experimental design (Scheffe simplex‐centroid design) to examine ingredient interactions in food protein mixtures and their effects on functional properties. A defined and limited number of milk, albumen, and egg yolk blends were made and evaluated for heat gelation properties and for emulsifying and foaming capacity and stability. The method accounted for nonlinear interactions between the ingredients. Synergistic effects were revealed on heat gelation and emulsifying properties but antagonistic effects for foaming properties were noted.
Principal Component Analysis to Explore Climatic Variability and Dengue Outbreak in Lahore (2014)

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE Various studies have reported that global warming causes unstable climate and many serious impact to physical environment and public health. The increasing incidence of dengue incidence is now a priority health issue and become a health burden of Pakistan.  In this study it has been investigated that spatial pattern of environment causes the emergence or increasing rate of dengue fever incidence that effects the population and its health. Principal component analysis is performed for the purpose of finding if there is/are any general environmental factor/structure which could be affected in the emergence of dengue fever cases in Pakistani climate. Principal component is applied to find structure in data for all four periods i.e. 1980 to 2012, 1980 to 1995 and 1996 to 2012.  The first three PCs for the period (1980-2012, 1980-1994, 1995-2012 are almost the same and it represent hot and windy weather. The PC1s of all dengue periods are different to each other. PC2 for all period are same and it is wetness in weather. PC3s are different and it is the combination of wetness and windy weather. PC4s for all period show humid but no rain in weather. For climatic variable only minimum temperature and maximum temperature are significantly correlated with daily dengue cases.  PC1, PC3 and PC4 are highly significantly correlated with daily dengue cases
Backscatter-immune, polarization managed, all fiber Sagnac sensing interferometer (2007)

We propose a new all fiber Mach-Zehnder-Sagnac hybrid interferometer topology for precision sensing. This configuration utilizes a high coherence laser source, mitigates the effects of Rayleigh backscatter and polarization wander, while eliminating scale factor drift. We also present preliminary experimental results, using telecommunications grade single mode fiber and fiber couplers, to demonstrate its principle of operation.
Approximate Inverse Preconditioning of Finite Element Discretizations of Elliptic Operators with Nonsmooth Coefficients (2006)

A new class of approximate inverse preconditioners for large finite element stiffness matrices arising from second order elliptic partial differential operators is introduced which guarantees a bounded, problem-independent condition number. Since the proposed preconditioner is based on hierarchical matrices, it can be generated, stored, and multiplied by a vector with almost linear complexity. This preconditioner may be used as a black-box method, because it is robust with respect to varying coefficients and because it can be applied to arbitrary quasi-uniform grids.
Blocking Breast Cancer (1990)

H idden within every breast tumor lies a clue to its character: the presence or absence of receptors that bind with the hormone estrogen. Receptor-rich tumors depend on estrogen for their growth, and some scientists believe they represent a milder form of breast cancer than tumors without estrogen receptors. Furthermore, women with estrogen-dependent tumors are considered candidates for a relatively nontoxic drug called tamoxifen, which can halt tumor by blocking estrogen binding. Tamoxifen's discovery in the 1970s was hailed as both a lifesaver and a deliverance from the terrible side effects of cell-killing chemotherapy Yet the presence of estrogen receptors in a breast tumor may, in fact, offer a false and perhaps fatal promise. New research suggests that the estrogen receptors in some breast tumors are defective, allowing the cancer to proliferate and spread aggressively Estrogen receptors work by snaring estrogen molecules entering a tumor cell from the bloodstream. The hormone spurs the tumor cell to proliferate at a steady but relatively slow pace. If an active receptor instead encounters tamoxifen estrogen's chemical lookalike it binds the drug rather than the hormone, and thus has no impetus for growth. But the new findings suggest that tumors with flawed receptors have lost their ability to respond to estrogen or to tamoxifen, and that their growth switch stays on at all times. These tumors no longer need estrogen to grow, the researchers speculate. The result: a rapidly proliferating malignancy requiring harsh chemotherapy In separate work, other scientists report finding tamoxifen-like substances in soybeans that may block tiny seeds of estrogen-dependent breast cancer early in the disease process, before estrogen receptors have a chance to go bad. The two studies fit into a hypothetical scenario in which functioning estrogen receptors, while allowing breast tumors to grow, also restrain the pace of proliferation. But these receptors may gradually lose their binding ability -a process that leads to rapid, out-of-control cell growth. If this theory is confirmed, physicians will need to distinguish between functional and flawed receptors in order to select the best treatment for women with receptor-containing breast tumors. In addition, potential preventive measures such as the soybean compound could become especially important for women at high risk of developing breast cancer, which ranks as the second leading cause of cancer deaths in U.S. women. Samuel Broder, director of the National Cancer Institute, calls this concept of receptor malfunction exciting because it may explain why some receptor-containing breast cancers do not respond to tamoxifen and instead spread to distant body parts. Still, Broder cautions that evidence supporting the theory remains preliminary A lot of interesting studies don't pan out. We should get some answers on this in a couple of years, he says.
Efficient HIV-1 transmission from macrophages to T cells across transient virological synapses (2008)

Macrophages are reservoirs of HIV-1 infection, proposed to transmit virus to CD4(+) T cells, the primary target of the virus. Here we report that human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) rapidly spread HIV-1 to autologous CD4(+) T cells resulting in productive infection. Transmission takes place across transient adhesive contacts between T cells and MDMs, which have the features of a virological synapse including copolarization of CD4 on the T cell with HIV-1 Gag and Env on the macrophage. We propose that an infected MDM can infect at least one T cell every 6 hours. Since HIV-1-infected macrophages can survive for many weeks, these results highlight the central role played by macrophages in HIV-1 infection and pathogenesis.
Optimum design for BB84 quantum key distribution in tree-type passive optical networks (2010)

We show that there is a trade-off between the useful key distribution bit rate and the total length of a deployed fiber in tree-type passive optical networks (PONs) for Bennet and Brassard 1984 protocol (BB84) quantum key distribution applications. A two stage splitting architecture where one splitting is carried in the central office and a second one in the outside plant and a figure of merit to account for the trade-off are proposed. We find that there is an optimum solution for the splitting ratios of both stages in cases of photon number splitting attacks and decoy state transmission. We then analyze the effects of the different relevant physical parameters of the PON on the optimum solution.
Method for preventing islanding phenomenon on utility grid with a number of small scale PV systems (2002)

Tests and a study for preventing the islanding phenomenon have been conducted. Several islanding methods applicable to both PV power systems and utility grids were designed, and the validity of those methods is being evaluated. As a result, the validity of the harmonic voltage monitoring method was demonstrated. The power output variation method is also likely to be applicable. As for a prevention method applied to a utility grid, the validity of the method of unbalancing reactive power by connecting a capacitor load to the grid on islanding was confirmed. Results of demonstration tests for prevention of the islanding phenomenon are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Expression of thioredoxin and glutaredoxin, redox-regulating proteins, in pancreatic cancer. (2000)

Pancreatic cancer (pancreatic ductal carcinoma) is one of the most malignant solid tumors with poor prognosis. There is accumulating evidence that cellular reduction/oxidation (redox) status is deeply involved in the growth promotion and drug resistance of cancer cells. We therefore investigated the expression of redox-regulating proteins, such as thioredoxin (TRX) and glutaredoxin (GRX) in surgically resected pancreatic tissues and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP)-resistant cells. Plasma levels of TRX were also measured in subjects with pancreatic diseases. Pancreatic ductal carcinoma tissues were immunohistochemically more positive for TRX (24/32 cases) and GRX (29/32 cases) than pancreatic cystadenocarcinoma or normal pancreas tissues. Plasma levels of TRX (mean +/- SD) measured by ELISA were significantly higher in patients with pancreatic ductal carcinoma (54.8 +/- 37.6 ng/ml, n = 60) than in healthy controls (24.4 +/- 12.9 ng/ml, n = 81). CDDP-resistant subclones of HeLa cells, HeLa-CP5 cells, had higher expression of TRX (1.5 fold) and GRX (1.6 fold) compared with parental HeLa cells by immunoblotting. These results indicate the possible association of TRX and GRX with malignant potential of pancreatic ductal carcinoma.