gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
STUDIES ON DIFFERENT GROWTH PARAMETERS OF Ganoderma lucidum (2014)

Ganoderma lucidum (W. Curt: Fr.) P. Karst is one of the most popular mushrooms in oriental medicine. Ganoderma Lucidum is a species of the class Basidiomycetes, which belongs to the family Polyporaceae/Ganodermataceae of the order Aphyllophorales. Polysaccharides, peptidoglycans, and triterpenes are three major physiologically active constituents present in G. lucidum which are responsible for medicinal properties. The present investigation was conducted on its different growth parameters. The different isolates/strains were collected, cultured and identified on the basis of basidiocarp and basidiospore morphology. The cultures of different isolates were studied for their radial growth at different temperatures and pH. Malt extract medium, temperature range of 25-35uC and acidic pH (5.0) were conducive for the mycelial growth of G. lucidum.
A novel power amplifier module for quad-band wireless handset applications (2003)

This paper presents a novel power amplifier module (PAM) designed for GSM850MHz, GSM900MHz, DCS1800MHz and PCS1900MHz handset applications. The module combines an InGaP HBT GSM/DCS/PCS power amplifier IC, two integrated couplers, a dual-band logarithmic RF power detector/controller and some additional passive components. The logarithmic RF power detector was implemented in the module to accomplish linear-in-dB output power dependency. The module features closed loop automatic power control, fully integrated impedance matching at input and output ports with DC blocks and plastic encapsulated on a 10mm/spl times/10mm GTek substrate. The module offers higher accuracy of output power (Pout) control, smaller size, lower bill-of-materials and a shorter Pout calibration time to handset manufacturers. Compared with other conventional power amplifier modules in the market, due to higher accuracy our novel design significantly reduces the power consumption during normal operation. It is a very desirable RF PAM to handset designers because of its unique features. Our design makes it possible for the handset manufacturers to calibrate Pout at one or two points, with error as low as +/-0.3dB, thus reducing test time in mass production. Under a low single supply voltage of 3.2V, the PAM provides 35dBm output power, 55% PAE in GSM900 band and 33dBm and 50% PAE in DCS1800 band.
Optical Spin Injection and Spin Lifetime in Ge Heterostructures (2012)

We demonstrate optical orientation in Ge/SiGe quantum wells and study their spin properties. The ultrafast electron transfer from the center of the Brillouin zone to its edge allows us to achieve high spin polarizations and to resolve the spin dynamics of holes and electrons. The circular polarization degree of the direct gap photoluminescence exceeds the theoretical bulk limit, yielding ∼37% and ∼85% for transitions with heavy and light holes states, respectively. The spin lifetime of holes at the top of the valence band is estimated to be ∼0.5 ps and it is governed by transitions between light and heavy hole states. Electrons at the bottom of the conduction band, on the other hand, have a spin lifetime that exceeds 5 ns below 150 K. Theoretical analysis of the spin relaxation indicates that phonon-induced intervalley scattering dictates the spin lifetime of electrons.
Identification of the Serine 307 of LKB1 as a Novel Phosphorylation Site Essential for Its Nucleocytoplasmic Transport and Endothelial Cell Angiogenesis (2009)

LKB1, a master kinase that controls at least 13 downstream protein kinases including the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), resides mainly in the nucleus. A key step in LKB1 activation is its export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Here, we identified S307 of LKB1 as a putative novel phosphorylation site which is essential for its nucleocytoplasmic transport. In a cell-free system, recombinant PKC-zeta phosphorylates LKB1 at S307. AMPK-activating agents stimulate PKC-zeta activity and LKB1 phosphorylation at S307 in endothelial cells, hepatocytes, skeletal muscle cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. Like the kinase-dead LKB1 D194A mutant (mutation of Asp194 to Ala), the constitutively nucleus-localized LKB1 SL26 mutant and the LKB1 S307A mutant (Ser307 to Ala) exhibit a decreased association with STRAD alpha. Interestingly, the PKC-zeta consensus sequence surrounding LKB1 S307 is disrupted in the LKB1 SL26 mutant, thus providing a likely molecular explanation for this mutation causing LKB1 dysfunction. In addition, LKB1 nucleocytoplasmic transport and AMPK activation in response to peroxynitrite are markedly reduced by pharmacological inhibition of CRM1, which normally facilitates nuclear export of LKB1-STRAD complexes. In comparison to the LKB1 wild type, the S307A mutant complexes show reduced association with CRM1. Finally, adenoviral overexpression of wild-type LKB1 suppresses, while the LKB1 S307A mutant increases, tube formation and hydrogen peroxide-enhanced apoptosis in cultured endothelial cells. Taken together, our results suggest that, in multiple cell types the signaling pathways engaged by several physiological stimuli converge upon PKC-zeta-dependent LKB1 phosphorylation at S307, which directs the nucleocytoplasmic transport of LKB1 and consequent AMPK activation.
Human T cell receptor-gamma and -delta chain pairing analyzed by transfection of a T cell receptor-delta negative mutant cell line. (1990)

Specific TCR V gamma and V delta segments are found to be coordinately used on subpopulations of gamma delta T lymphocytes. The reasons for this phenomenon are unknown, but may include the inability of particular chains expressing unique V delta and V gamma segments to physically associate. V delta 2 is typically used together with V gamma 2 on human peripheral blood gamma delta T lymphocytes. To examine whether V delta 2 can be used in conjunction with distinct V gamma segments, a TCR- mutant of the human gamma delta T cell line MOLT-13, which expresses parental TCR gamma (V gamma 1.3) but not TCR-delta protein, was transfected with plasmids containing full-length TCR-delta cDNA using either V delta 2 or V delta 3. TCR reconstitution was successful in both transfectants and resulted in TCR protein and RNA levels similar to that of the parental MOLT-13 cell line. These cell lines could be activated through their receptors as assessed by increases in cytoplasmic free calcium. These studies imply that physical constraints cannot explain the observed chain pairing preferences. Other possible explanations are discussed.
Effect of dissolved inorganic carbon concentration on oxygen production of a unicellular alga Nannochloropsis oculata (2001)

Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is an essential substance for algal growth in water. It is considered that the low DIC concentration inhibits the growth of N. oculata. This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of DIC concentration on the growth of N. oculata.
Conceptual schema analysis (1998)

The problem of analyzing and classifying conceptual schemas is becomig increasingly important due to the availability of a large number of schemas related to existing applications. The purposes of schema analysis and classification activities can be different: to extract information on intensional properties of legacy systems in order to restructure or migrate to new architectures; to build libraries of reference conceptual components to be used in building new applications in a given domain; and to identify information flows and possible replication of data in an organization. This article proposes a set of techniques for schema analysis and classification to be used separately or in combination. The techniques allow the analyst to derive significant properties from schemas, with human intervention limited as far as possible. In particular, techniques for associating descriptors with schemas, for abstracting reference conceptual schemas based on schema clustering, and for determining schema similarity are presented. A methodology for systematic schema analysis is illustrated, with the purpose of identifying and abstracting into reference components the similar and potentially reusable parts of a set of schemas. Experiences deriving from the application of the proposed techniques and methodology on a large set of Entity-Relationship conceptual schemas of information systems in the Italian Public Administration domain are described
Rifampin and Rifabutin Resistance Mechanism in <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (1999)

Eighty-one clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori showed no resistance to rifampin (MIC range, 0.032 to 2 microg/ml; MIC at which 50% of isolates are inhibited [MIC50], 0.25 microg/ml). The MIC50 of rifabutin was 0.008 microg/ml (n = 16). All resistant laboratory mutants of H. pylori ATCC 43504 showed amino acid exchanges in codons 524 to 545 or codon 585 of the rpoB gene, corresponding to the gene sequences from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Escherichia coli.
ChemInform Abstract: Introduction of Selenium to Heterocyclic Compounds. Part 4. Stucture of 2‐Imino‐4‐thiazoline Derivatives. (1985)

Abstract Die Thioharnstoffe (I) reagieren mit ω‐Brom‐acetophenon regioselektiv unter Bildung von Thiazolin‐hydrobromiden, die mit NaHCO 3 in die freien Basen (II) übergeführt werden.
SLA-Based Profit Optimization in Cloud Bursting PaaS (2014)

PaaS (Platform as a Service) is an increasingly popular cloud model, providing a complete development and hosting environment for cloud applications. As the use of PaaS becomes pervasive, defining and maintaining SLAs (Service Level Agreements) between PaaS customers and providers becomes essential. Useful SLAs should provide guarantees on application quality properties (e.g., response time) rather than on resource availability (e.g., number of virtual machines). Current PaaS offerings either provide no support for providing such guarantees or provide support targeting a restricted set of application types. In this paper, we present an SLA-driven PaaS architecture, called Meryn, which supports cloud bursting and is designed to be easily extensible to host new application types. We propose a decentralized optimization policy aiming at maximizing the PaaS provider profit and taking into account the payment of penalties incurred when quality guarantees are unsatisfied. In addition, we apply the proposed optimization policy to batch and MapReduce applications. We implemented and evaluated our policy through a series of simulations on the Grid5000 test bed. The results show that our approach provides up to 14.77% more profit for the provider and uses up to 80.99% less public clouds resources compared with a basic approach.
INFLATION AND UNCERTAINTY: THE CASE OF KOREA (1995)

This paper examines the empirical relationship between inflation and various uncertainty measures of inflation over time by using the Korean consumer price index. Our results suggest that there exists a strong positive linear relationship between the trend inflation and uncertainty measures. This linear relationship break down, however, when the time-series data are sorted in ascending order of trend inflation and disaggregated into two low and high inflation subperiods. In general, the relationships are negative at low inflation but significantly positive at high inflation.. [E31]
Situation Awareness in Teams (2020)

Situation awareness (SA) has been studied extensively in individuals and teams over the past three decades. SA, an understanding of what is happening in the current situation, has been shown to be critical for performance in a wide variety of domains, including aviation, air traffic control, military operations, emergency management, healthcare, and power grid operations (Endsley, 2015b; Parasuraman, Sheridan, & Wickens, 2008; Wickens, 2008). Both overall team SA and the development of shared SA on relevant information have been found to be crucial for effective team performance in many of these domains. A model of team SA is discussed that highlights the importance of team SA requirements, team SA devices, team SA mechanisms, and team SA processes for achieving SA in teams. Common challenges for team SA and shared SA in team environments are presented, and the effectiveness of different measurement approaches for assessing both team SA and shared SA are reviewed for supporting important research in this area.
The Effect of the Substrate on the Isomerization of Model Disperse Dyes based on Stilbene (1976)

A study of the thermal isomerization of a series of model disperse dyes based on stilbene is described. The results show that the rate of isomerization is influenced by the basicity of the substrate and also by the moisture content. It is suggested that the observed humidity effect is due to an increase in the ease of diffusion of the dye molecules in the substrate.
StreetLeverage.com: A Social Web for Interpreter Educators (2013)

This Open Forum article features an interview conducted with Brandon Arthur, curator of StreetLeverage.com. In this interview, he describes the creation of StreetLeverage.com and the ways in which it is impacting educators, students, and practitioners. He explores the ways in which social media is shaping our field and how educators can embrace this new form of publishing in order to provide students with rich, meaningful material to bridge theory and practice. Finally, the article expands on the role of live events that build on dialogue as a mechanism for mobilizing interpreters and bringing changes to the profession.
A STUDY OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN QAIYARAH NAPTHA FRACTION 50-165° C USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROSCOPY (1997)

ABSTRACT Qaiyarah crude oil, which is one of the heaviest crude oil in the world and mainly aromatic to asphaltic in nature, was the subject of this investigation. Analysis of the aromatics is obtained by employing various methods of extraction, purification, gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). The study reveals the presence of mono, di and tri-aromatic hydrocarbons with their alkyl and aryl substituents. Moreover, the detected naphthenes are mainly cyclahexane, and deckaline with their aliphatic derivatives
Treatment of severe recalcitrant hidradenitis suppurativa with adalimumab (2009)

Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic inflammatory skin disease featuring inflammatory nodules, fistulas and discharge of secretions in the intertriginous regions. Without therapy the disease is chronic and progressive. The most effective treatment is the radical wide excision of the affected areas. Systemic antibiotics, immunosuppressants, oral retinoids or antiandrogens have limited beneficial effects. TNF-alpha antagonists may represent a new therapeutic approach for patients suffering from severe hidradenitis suppurativa offering promising positive influence on the disease outcome. In contrast to infliximab and etanercept, there are only few reports describing the use of adalimumab in severe hidradenitis suppurativa. Here we report a case of a patient with severe recalcitrant hidradenitis suppurativa successfully treated with adalimumab.
The Selling Skills Workbook (1993)

Provides a practical self‐help guide for professional salespeople who want to improve their sales performance. Divided into two parts, Part 1 deals with booking the appointment and Part 2 with making the sale. Part 1 covers areas such as how to add structure to telephone calls; the development of a personalized script designed to provide a more consistent pattern of high performance; and how to generate both more and better quality appointments. Part 2 covers the skills required in selling face‐to‐face and covers how to analyse the key components of the sales presentation; restructure, strengthen and inject fresh ideas; rebuild the presentation so as to maximize sales performance; and how to take full control of personal development as a sales professional. Based on established principles of successful selling, the workbook outlines a model of the selling process based on the five core skill areas of opening, probing, matching, closing and objection handling. Aimed at salespeople and sales managers, the model provides a framework for the ongoing development of sales skills which is highly practical and applicable to any face‐to‐face selling situation. Also contains a comprehensive series of worksheets to complete on each of the issues raised; and a series of “windows” provide condensed information for quick reference.
Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki Activity Against Larvae of Helicoverpa zea and Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Cotton (1993)

Effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis (Javelin WG) against first instars of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and Heliothis virescens (F.) was studied in the laboratory on cotton terminals and in the field on cotton. In the laboratory, percentage mortality of both species increased significantly as the B. thuringiensis rate increased. Mortalities of H. virescens were significantly higher than H. zea at 0.56 and 1.12 kg/ha rates of B. thuringiensis at 4 and 7 d after treatment. LD50s were 2-, 2.5-, and 1.6-fold higher for H. zea than for H. virescens at 4 and 7 d and pupation, respectively. Most mortality (60-91% in H. zea and 76–98% in H. virescens) occurred by 4 d after treatment. Mortalities at the 8.96 kg/ha B. thuringiensis rate were similar to cypermethrin at 0.05 kg(AI)/ha in H. virescens for all dates and for 7 d and pupation in H. zea. In the field, survival in both species generally decreased as B. thuringiensis rate increased. Survival was significantly higher in H. zea than in H. virescens at 1.12 and 2.24 kg/ha rates of B. thuringiensis at 3 and 7 dafter treatment.
Multicomponent glass fibres with high numerical aperture (1978)

Multicomponent glass is suited for the preparation of high numerical aperture (n.a.) fibres which may be used in short-distance applications. Low loss of 20dB/km fibres have been produced with a n.a. of 0.53. Core glass having high refractive index has been prepared by using the additives of BaO and GeO2 which are hardly harmful to the intrinsic absorption loss.
[Photodynamic therapy of superficial bladder tumors]. (1986)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), using hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) and the red light (wavelength 630 nm) of an argon-dye laser as the source of excitation energy was performed on 46 patients with superficial bladder tumors. Two methods of laser irradiation, (1) focal PDT using a 400 micron quartz fiber through a cystourethroscope in 22 patients with superficial bladder tumors and (2) whole bladder wall total PDT using a motor-driven laser light scattering device in 24 patients with multifocal carcinoma in situ and/or dysplasia of bladder mucosa associated with multicentric concurrent superficial tumors, were used. The patients in (2) had been referred for total cystectomy, and 19 of these 24 patients had a history of several transurethral resections, hyperthermia and/or instillation therapy. HPD 2-4 mg/kg was i.v. injected 48 to 72 hours before PDT. Judging from the results of 60 protrusions treated by focal PDT, the light power should be 200 mW/cm2 for 5-10 minutes or more and the total light energy should be 100 J/cm2 or more in tumors up to 2 cm in size. With focal PDT, 4 of the 22 patients had no recurrence with the mean tumor free time of 20.8 months. In 6 of the 24 patients treated with total PDT using 10, 20 or 30 J/cm2 of light energy, there was no recurrence with a mean tumor-free time of 7.5 months and there was no significant relationship between the recurrence rate and total light energy used.
The T‐DNA integration pattern in Arabidopsis transformants is highly determined by the transformed target cell (2009)

Transgenic loci obtained after Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation can be simple, but fairly often they contain multiple T-DNA copies integrated into the plant genome. To understand the origin of complex T-DNA loci, floral-dip and root transformation experiments were carried out in Arabidopsis thaliana with mixtures of A. tumefaciens strains, each harboring one or two different T-DNA vectors. Upon floral-dip transformation, 6-30% of the transformants were co-transformed by multiple T-DNAs originating from different bacteria and 20-36% by different T-DNAs from one strain. However, these co-transformation frequencies were too low to explain the presence of on average 4-6 T-DNA copies in these transformants, suggesting that, upon floral-dip transformation, T-DNA replication frequently occurs before or during integration after the transfer of single T-DNA copies. Upon root transformation, the co-transformation frequencies of T-DNAs originating from different bacteria were similar or slightly higher (between 10 and 60%) than those obtained after floral-dip transformation, whereas the co-transformation frequencies of different T-DNAs from one strain were comparable (24-31%). Root transformants generally harbor only one to three T-DNA copies, and thus co-transformation of different T-DNAs can explain the T-DNA copy number in many transformants, but T-DNA replication is postulated to occur in most multicopy root transformants. In conclusion, the comparable co-transformation frequencies and differences in complexity of the T-DNA loci after floral-dip and root transformations indicate that the T-DNA copy number is highly determined by the transformation-competent target cells.
Modulation of the cancer cell transcriptome by culture media formulations and cell density (2015)

We investigated how varying the composition of cell culture formulations and growing cancer cells at different densities might affect tumor cell genotype. Specifically, we compared gene expression profiles generated by human MDA‑MB‑231 breast cancer cells cultured in different media [minimum essential medium (MEM), Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), or Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI)‑1640 medium] containing different concentrations of fetal bovine serum (FBS) or different sera (equine or bovine) that were grown at different cell densities. More than 2,000 genes were differentially modulated by at least a 2‑fold difference when MDA‑MB‑231 cancer cells were 90% confluent and compared with cultures that were 50% confluent. Altering the concentration of serum produced an even more pronounced effect on MDA‑MB‑231 cancer cell gene expression in that 2,981 genes were differentially expressed in a comparison between cells cultured in 0.1% FBS and same cell density cultures that were maintained in 10% FBS. A comparison between MDA‑MB‑231 cancer cells that were 90% confluent in MEM, DMEM, or RPMI‑1640 media, all containing 10% FBS, resulted in 8,925 differentially expressed genes. Moreover, one‑quarter (25.6%) of genes from our genome‑wide expression analysis were expressed at significantly different levels by cells grown in MEM, DMEM, or RPMI‑1640 media. Genes associated with epithelial‑mes-enchymal transition (EMT) were among the genes that were differentially modulated by cells grown in different cell culture formulations and these genes were verified at the protein level. Collectively, these results underscore the importance of accurate reporting and maintenance of uniform culture conditions to ensure reproducible results.
Advanced inspection technique for deep-submicron and high-aspect-ratio contact holes (2003)

We developed a technique using electron beams for inspecting contact holes immediately after dry etching and detecting incomplete contact failures. Wafers with deep-submicron contact holes that had high aspect ratios of 10 could be detected during practical inspection time by controlling the charging effect on the wafer surfaces. Measurements of the energy distribution in the secondary electrons exhausted from the bottom of the holes indicated that they were accelerated by the charge-up voltage on the wafer surfaces. Our analysis showed that high-density electron beams must be used to charge the surfaces when the aspect ratio is high. The minimum thickness of the residual SiO2 that could be detected at the bottom of the contact holes was 2 nm using an aspect ratio of 8. Applying this mechanism to optimize the dry etching process in semiconductor manufacturing showed that we could achieve reliable process control.