gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Positive selection focuses the V<sub>H</sub>12 B‐cell repertoire towards a single B1 specificity with survival function (2004)

B cells of varying antigen specificities are consistently present in the unmanipulated repertoire. These B cells appear to belong to the marginal zone (MZ) and B1 B-cell subsets and provide protection to the blood and lymph, respectively. Some are specific for self-antigens, suggesting that they are selected based on specificity for self but have a protective role against foreign pathogens. One of these specificities is for phosphatidylcholine (PtC). Anti-PtC B cells comprise 5-8% of the B1 repertoire and are protective against bacterial pathogens. In general, they are restricted to the expression of two VH/Vkappa combinations, VH11/Vkappa9 and VH12/Vkappa4/5H. This review focuses on the differentiation of VH12 anti-PtC B cells. They undergo a series of positive selection events beginning at the pre-B-cell stage that enriches for those with a VHCDR3 and L chain required for PtC binding and eliminating the majority of VH12 B cells that lack the ability to bind PtC. Thus, positive selection focuses the VH12 repertoire toward PtC, ensuring that anti-PtC VH12 B cells are a significant component of the B1-cell repertoire in all individuals.
Intelligent Reflecting Surface: Practical Phase Shift Model and Beamforming Optimization (2020)

Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) that enables the control of wireless propagation environment has recently emerged as a promising cost-effective technology for boosting the spectral and energy efficiency of future wireless communication systems. Prior works on IRS are mainly based on the ideal phase shift model assuming full signal reflection by each of its elements regardless of the phase shift, which, however, is practically difficult to realize. In contrast, we propose in this paper a practical phase shift model that captures the phase-dependent amplitude variation in the element-wise reflection design. Based on the proposed model and considering an IRS-aided multiuser system with one IRS deployed to assist in the downlink communications from a multi-antenna access point (AP) to multiple single-antenna users, we formulate an optimization problem to minimize the total transmit power at the AP by jointly designing the AP transmit beamforming and the IRS reflect beamforming, subject to the users' individual signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) constraints. Iterative algorithms are proposed to find suboptimal solutions to this problem efficiently by utilizing the alternating optimization (AO) as well as penalty-based optimization techniques. Moreover, to draw essential insight, we analyze the asymptotic performance loss of the IRS-aided system that employs practical phase shifters but assumes the ideal phase shift model for beamforming optimization, as the number of IRS elements goes to infinity. Simulation results unveil substantial performance gains achieved by the proposed beamforming optimization based on the practical phase shift model as compared to the conventional ideal model.
Calvarial Bone Graft Harvest: A New Technique (2000)

Although caution must be used with all CBGs, the BHD appears to be safe and more efficient than osteotomes or oscillating saws.
Pollen Collection, Crossing, and Seed Germination of Hop<sup>1</sup> (1974)

Male sidearms of Humulus lupulus L. were placed overnight in tap water in a culture tube taped to the inside wall of a large, round, open‐ended Plexiglas cylinder for pollen collection. Previously bagged female sidearms were pollinated with a hypodermic syringe. Hop seeds were pretreated 6 to 8 weeks in moist Petri dishes in a refrigerator at 2 to 3 C and subsequently germinated at 15 to 25 C in a germinator. Seedlings were transplanted first to greenhouse pots and after about 8 weeks, they were moved directly to the field. Most plants flowered the same season, and many reached the top of the trellis (5.5 m).
Selective Adsorption of Cd(II) and Zn(II) Ions by Nano-Hydrous Manganese Dioxide (HMO)-Encapsulated Cation Exchanger (2010)

A novel hybrid adsorbent HMO-001 was fabricated by impregnating nanosized hydrous manganese dioxide (HMO) onto a porous polystyrene cation exchanger resin (D-001) for enhanced removal of Cd(II) and Zn(II) ions from waters. The immobilized sulfonate anions covalently bound to the D-001 polymeric matrix are supposed to result in preconcentration and enhanced permeation of both target metal ions for favorable adsorption by HMO. Batch and column adsorption runs demonstrated that HMO-001 exhibited highly preferable Cd(II) and Zn(II) retention from waters in the presence of competing Ca(II) ions at much greater levels. The exhausted adsorbent particles are amenable to efficient regeneration by 2% HCl solution without any HMO loss during operation.
Local macrophage and myofibroblast proliferation in progressive renal injury in the rat remnant kidney (1998)

This study has shown that local proliferation is an important mechanism in both macrophage and myofibroblast accumulation during the development of renal injury in the rat remnant kidney. In addition, local macrophage proliferation is postulated as a mechanism for amplifying kidney damage in nonimmune renal injury.
Lithium, Titanium, and Zirconium Complexes with Novel Amidinate Scorpionate Ligands (2007)

The reaction of bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)methane (bdmpzm) with BunLi and carbodiimide derivatives, namely, N,N'-diisopropyl, dicyclohexyl, and 1-tert-butyl-3-ethyl carbodiimides, enables the preparation of new heteroscorpionate ligands in the form of the lithium derivatives [Li(NNN)(THF)] (NNN = pbpamd (1) (pbpamd = N,N'-diisopropylbis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)acetamidinate); cbpamd (2) (cbpamd = N,N'-dicyclohexylbis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)acetamidinate); and tbpamd (3) (tbpamd = N-ethyl-N'-tert-butylbis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)acetamidinate)), although a similar process with N,N'-dimethylcarbodiimide gave the dinuclear complex [Li(bpzii)(THF)]2 (4) (bpzii = N-(dimethylamino)-N'-[(dimethylamino)bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)methylimino]imino). When this last reaction was carried out in an air atmosphere, the cluster complex [Li8(mu4-O)2(mu4-OH)2(mu4-pz)2(kappa2-bpziLi)2(bpzCN)2(THF)4] (5) (bpziLi = dimethylaminobis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)methyliminolithium, bpzCN = bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)acetonitrile) was isolated and characterized by X-ray analysis. Finally, when the same process was carried out in the presence of water the amidine-scorpionate (bpzan) (6) (bpzan = N,N-dimethylbis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)acetamidine) was obtained. Compounds 1 and 3 reacted with [TiCl4(THF)2] or [ZrCl4] to give complexes of stoichiometry [MCl3((kappa3-NNN))] (M = Ti, Zr) (7-10). The structures of the different compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods and, in addition, the X-ray crystal structures of 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6 were also established.
Use of ketoconazole in the treatment of Cushing's disease and ectopic ACTH syndrome (1991)

Ketoconazole, an imidazole derivative which inhibits adrenal steroidogenesis, has been used with success for the metabolic control of Cushing's disease. Few data are available about the use of ketoconazole in the management of the ectopic ACTH syndrome. We have used ketoconazole in eight patients: four patients with Cushing's disease, two patients with overt and two with occult ectopic ACTH syndrome. Among patients with Cushing's disease, reversible hypoadrenalism occurred once. All had full clinical and biochemical regression of the disease for more than 6 months with 400-1200 mg ketoconazole per day. Patients with ectopic ACTH syndrome received 1200 mg ketoconazole per day for at least 2 months. Partial biochemical regression was observed in two and a secondary escape to adrenal blockade in two others. These findings further indicate that ketoconazole is a valuable tool for the metabolic control of Cushing's disease. On the contrary, in ectopic ACTH syndrome, this aim can be impossible to reach with ketoconazole although the reasons for its ineffectiveness remain to be determined.
Supported diazonium salts—convenient reagents for the combinatorial synthesis of azo dye (2002)

Resin supported diazonium salts were synthesised. These were observed to be stable to storage and to provide a convenient means of compound handling and were employed in the solution synthesis of a 6 x 6 azo dye library.
Proteolytic Regulation of the Urokinase Receptor/CD87 on Monocytic Cells by Neutrophil Elastase and Cathepsin G (2004)

The urokinase receptor (CD87) participates to the pericellular proteolytic potential of migrating cells and to the recruitment of leukocytes during inflammation. It consists of three structurally homologous domains, with the C-terminal domain D3 attached to cell membranes through a GPI anchor. CD87 is susceptible to an endoproteolytic processing removing the N-terminal domain D1 and generating truncated D2D3 membrane species, thus modulating CD87-associated functions. Full-length or truncated CD87 can be also released from cells via juxtamembrane cleavage by phospholipases and/or by yet unidentified proteinases. Using a recombinant CD87 and the CD87-positive monocytic U937 cell line and isolated blood monocytes, we show by protein immunoblotting and flow immunocytometry that the human neutrophil serine-proteinases elastase and cathepsin G cleave CD87 within the D1-D2 linker sequence, while in addition cathepsin G is highly efficient in cleaving the C terminus of D3. The combination of cathepsin G and elastase provided by degranulated neutrophils results in enzymatic cooperation leading to the release from monocytic cells of a truncated D2D3 species resembling that previously described in pathological body fluids. Using mass spectrometry analysis, the proteolytic fragmentation of synthetic peptides mapping the D1-D2 linker and D3 C-terminal domains identifies potential cleavage sites for each enzyme and suggests the existence of a mechanism regulating the CD87(D1-D2)-associated chemotactic activity. Finally, isolated or combined elastase and cathepsin G drastically reduce the capacity of cells to bind urokinase. Secretable leukocyte serine-proteinases are thus endowed with high potential for the regulation of CD87 expression and function on inflammatory cells.
Holographic method for the investigation of the photochemical processes of Methyl red in poly(methyl methacrylate) and polystyrene (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHolographic method for the investigation of the photochemical processes of Methyl red in poly(methyl methacrylate) and polystyreneS. S. Gong, D. Christensen, J. Zhang, and C. H. WangCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 17, 4504–4506Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100301a016https://doi.org/10.1021/j100301a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views73Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Reviews (1989)

Journal Article Reviews Get access B. Bowden , Chaucer Aloud: The Varieties of Textual Interpretation . Pp. xiv + 368 + cassette tape . Philadelphia : The University of Pennsylvania Press , 1987 . £42.70. CHARLOTTE C. MORSE CHARLOTTE C. MORSE Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond, Virginia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 36, Issue 1, March 1989, Pages 81–82, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/36-1-81 Published: 01 March 1989
Final Report of the Addendum to the Safety Assessment of n-Butyl Alcohol as Used in Cosmetics (2008)

n-Butyl Alcohol is a primary aliphatic alcohol historically used as a solvent in nail care cosmetic products, but new concentration of use data indicate that it also is being used at low concentrations in eye makeup, personal hygiene, and shaving cosmetic products. n-Butyl Alcohol has been generally recognized as safe for use as a flavoring substance in food and appears on the 1982 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) list of inactive ingredients for approved prescription drug products. n-Butyl Alcohol can be absorbed through the skin, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract. n-Butyl Alcohol may be formed by hydrolysis of butyl acetate in the blood, but is rapidly oxidized. The single oral dose LD(50) of n-Butyl Alcohol for rats was 0.79 to 4.36 g/kg. The dermal LD(50) for rabbits was 4.2 g/kg. Inhalation toxicity studies in humans demonstrate sensory irritation of the upper respiratory tract, but only at levels above 3000 mg/m(3). Animal studies demonstrate intoxication, restlessness, ataxia, prostration, and narcosis. Exposures of rats to levels up to 4000 ppm failed to produce hearing defects. High concentrations of n-Butyl Alcohol vapors can be fatal. Ocular irritation was observed for n-Butyl alcohol at 0.005 ml of a 40% solution. The behavioral no-effect dose for n-Butyl Alcohol injected subcutaneously (s.c.) was 120 mg/kg. Fetotoxicity has been demonstrated, but only at maternally toxic levels (1000 mg/kg). No significant behavioral or neurochemical effects were seen in offspring following either maternal or paternal exposure to 3000 or 6000 ppm. n-Butyl Alcohol was not mutagenic in Ames tests, did not induce sister-chromatid exchange or chromosome breakage in chick embryos or Chinese hamster ovary cells, did not induce micronuclei formation in V79 Chinese hamster cells, did not have any chromosome-damaging effects in a mouse micronucleus test, and did not impair chromosome distribution in the course of mitosis. Clinical testing of n-Butyl Alcohol for nonimmunological contact urticaria was negative in 105 subjects. Repeat-insult patch test (RIPT) studies of nail colors and enamels containing 3% n-Butyl Alcohol in one study produced reactions on challenge, but further study linked significant positive reactions to another solvent. In other RIPT studies, only minimal reactions were reported. A photopatch test demonstrated that a nail enamel containing 3% n-Butyl Alcohol resulted in no reactions. Workers complained of ocular irritation, disagreeable odor, slight headache and vertigo, slight irritation of nose and throat, and dermatitis of the fingers and hands when the air concentration of n-Butyl Alcohol was greater than 50 ppm, as compared to an odor threshold in air of 0.83 ppm. The available safety test data were considered adequate to support the safety of n-Butyl Alcohol in all cosmetic product categories in which it is currently used.
Sinclair et al. (2018)

In most industrialized countries, there are substantial gender differences in field of study, resulting in gender segregated labor markets. The present research (N = 457, M age = 14.98) investigated a diverse range of predictors of Swedish adolescents’ choice of preparatory (STEM; humanistic) and terminal (e.g., electrician; health care) programs. The results revealed that social identity related variables (same-gender friendship networks, belonging, and adherence to gender stereotypes) mattered primarily for choice of gender-typed terminal programs, whereas academic self-concept and grades positively predicted selecting STEM and negatively predicted choice of gender-typed terminal programs for both girls and boys. Subject-specific interests were the most powerful and robust predictors overall and mediated the effects of academic self-concept and to a lesser extent social identity variables. The results illuminate the interaction between perceived barriers, opportunities, and interests in determining educational choice, the need to consider gender-typical choice for high-skilled and low-skilled career paths separately, and the importance of jointly considering a multitude of predictors that are typically studied in different fields.
Bringing mask repair to the next level (2014)

Mask repair is an essential step in the mask manufacturing process as the extension of 193nm technology and the insertion of EUV are drivers for mask complexity and cost. The ability to repair all types of defects on all mask blank materials is crucial for the economic success of a mask shop operation. In the future mask repair is facing several challenges. The mask minimum features sizes are shrinking and require a higher resolution repair tool. At the same time mask blanks with different new mask materials are introduced to optimize optical performance and long term durability. For EUV masks new classes of defects like multilayer and phase defects are entering the stage. In order to achieve a high yield, mask repair has to cover etch and deposition capabilities and must not damage the mask. These challenges require sophisticated technologies to bring mask repair to the next level. For high end masks ion-beam based and e-based repair technologies are the obvious choice when it comes to the repair of small features. Both technologies have their pro and cons. The scope of this paper is to review and compare the performance of ion-beam based mask repair to e-beam based mask repair. We will analyze the limits of both technologies theoretically and experimentally and show mask repair related performance data. Based on this data, we will give an outlook to future mask repair tools.
Anti-CD37 chimeric antigen receptor T cells are active against B- and T-cell lymphomas (2018)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have emerged as a novel form of treatment of patients with B-cell malignancies. In particular, anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy has effected impressive clinical responses in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. However, not all patients respond, and relapse with antigen loss has been observed in all patient subsets. Here, we report on the design and optimization of a novel CAR directed to the surface antigen CD37, which is expressed in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and in some cases of cutaneous and peripheral T-cell lymphomas. We found that CAR-37 T cells demonstrated antigen-specific activation, cytokine production, and cytotoxic activity in models of B- and T-cell lymphomas in vitro and in vivo, including patient-derived xenografts. Taken together, these results are the first showing that T cells expressing anti-CD37 CAR have substantial activity against 2 different lymphoid lineages, without evidence of significant T-cell fratricide. Furthermore, anti-CD37 CARs were readily combined with anti-CD19 CARs to generate dual-specific CAR T cells capable of recognizing CD19 and CD37 alone or in combination. Our findings indicate that CD37-CAR T cells represent a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of patients with CD37-expressing lymphoid malignancies.
Power Consumption in Stirred Tanks Provided with Multiple Pitched-Blade Turbines (1999)

The power consumed by one, two, or three downward pumping, 45° six-blade pitched-blade turbines (6-PBTs) mounted on the same shaft was experimentally determined in stirred tanks under turbulent conditions. The power drawn by each individual impeller (in single- or multiple-impeller configurations), as well as the total power consumption, was measured with strain gauges mounted on the shaft and reported as individual or total power numbers. The power dissipated by single downward pumping, 45° four-blade pitched-blade turbines (4-PBTs) was also determined. Different combinations of the number of impellers, impeller diameter-to-tank diameter ratio, off-bottom clearance of the lowest impeller, Cb1, and spacing among impellers were tested. The overall power numbers of double 6-PBT systems were typically found to be smaller than twice the power number of a single 6-PBT. When Cb1 was low and the upper impeller distant from the lower impeller, the power number of the lower impeller and the overall power number were higher. Reducing the distance between the impellers lowered the overall power number and that of the lower impeller. Similar results were obtained with three 6-PBTs. The results of this work can be used to predict the power consumed by individual impellers in multiple 6-PBT systems in a turbulent flow regime and to determine the optimal impeller configurations to minimize energy consumption.
Measurement Of Chimerism In Cynomolgus Monkeys Using Human-Specific Short Tandem Repeat-Based Assay (2005)

Preclinical testing of a mixed chimerism mediated organ transplant tolerance strategy, in a cynomolgus macaque model, would be facilitated by the establishment of a reliable technique for quantitative assessment of chimerism. Among various techniques used for measurement of chimerism in humans, microsatellite DNA profiling has been considered the most versatile one that can discriminate between two individuals. We adopted a commercially available short tandem repeat profiling methodology to cynomolgus monkeys using two human specific alleles, TPOX and CSF1PO. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify these alleles, and the analysis of the PCR products was performed by capillary electrophoresis. Of 54 cynomolgus macaques investigated, only one pair with the same ABO blood type demonstrated identity at both alleles. This implies that this technique should interfere minimally with the assignment of donor-recipient pairs based upon molecular tissue typing or mixed lymphocyte cultures.
Automatic Retrieval With Locality Information Using SMART. (1992)

The Smart project at Cornell University, using a completely automatic approach for both routing and ad-hoc experiments, performed extremely well in the first Text Retrieval Conference. The basic ad-hoc approach uses local/global matching to achieve its results. A global match ensures that each retrieved document uses the same vocabulary as the query; a local match then attempts to guarantee some local part of the document (eg, a paragraph or sentence) focuses on the query algorithm is used for routing experiments
Frequency-Splitting Analysis of Four-Coil Resonant Wireless Power Transfer (2014)

Based on four-coil magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transfer, this paper demonstrates, explains, and analyzes the frequency-splitting phenomenon by using the circuit theory. First, the complete and simplified models are built to describe the whole system. The numerical formulas of the system efficiency both at and away from the resonant frequency are presented. Then the frequency-splitting phenomenon is displayed and further explained mathematically and physically. An important factor for frequency splitting is introduced. The boundary condition for frequency splitting and its splitting frequency points are deduced. The amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency characteristics of the input impedance are measured and described to verify the explanation. Three related factors are studied, and the sensitivity analysis is conducted. A solution is proposed that helps improve the efficiency when frequency splitting occurs. The theoretical calculations and experimental results provide a sound basis.