gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Synthesis of Boron Carbide in an RF Plasma (1975)

The increasing demand for finely powdered boron carbide together with the rapidly rising cost of this material has stimulated research into alternative methods for its production. When boron trichloride is reacted with methane‐hydrogen mixtures in a radio frequency argon plasma, boron carbides of variable B/C ratios are obtained as submicron powders, the product stoichiometry depending on the reactant composition. This reaction has been studied over a range of reactant compositions and flow rates to obtain information about the reaction mechanism involved and the growth of particles from the gas phase. The amount of reaction taking place and the product stoichiometry have been determined as functions of the reactant stoichiometry and flow rate using a factorial experimental design. The products obtained were studied by x‐ray diffraction analysis to determine any changes in crystal structure with composition. It was found that the B/C molar ratio of the products varied linearly with the B/C molar ratio of the reactants, was unaffected by the molar ratio (for ) and decreased as the reactant flow rate increased. X‐ray diffraction analysis of the products revealed that the lattice parameters of the crystalline material decreased linearly as the carbon content increased up to the composition . Samples containing excess carbon over the composition showed the presence of free graphite, while most of the samples with a carbon content of less than 13.6% (corresponding to ) also showed the presence of β‐rhombohedral boron, the product obtained in the absence of methane. Line broadening measurements suggest that the crystallite sizes of both the boron carbide and β‐rhombohedral boron lie in the 200–300Å range.
Lung Transplantation: Current Status and Future Prospects (1999)

Lung transplantation recently marked its 35th anniversary. The period has been marked by 20 years of initially slow progress followed by 15 years of explosive growth and success. In 1997 the number of lung and heart-lung transplants exceeded 1000 in the United States and 1400 worldwide. Current 1-year survival exceeds 75% for most diagnoses. Functional results are excellent and durable with first second expired volume (FEV(1)) improving from 15% to 20% of the predicted normal preoperatively to 75% to 80% of the predicted normal postoperatively in most diagnoses. Problems facing lung transplant programs during the next century include the unavailability of graft lung donors, technical limitations of explanted graft lung preservation, and the prevention and treatment of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. Current status and future trends for lung transplantation are reviewed.
Elemental sulfur corrosion – A German Iron and Steel Institute (VDEh) test specification gains international acceptance (2000)

No abstracts Elementarschwefelkorrosion – Eine Prüfvorschrift des Vereins Deutscher Eisenhüttenleute erreicht internationale Anerkennung No abstracts
Development models of herbaceous plants for computer imagery purposes (1988)

In this paper we present a method for modeling herbaceous plants, suitable for generating realistic plant images and animating developmental processes. The idea is to achieve realism by simulating mechanisms which control plant growth in nature. The developmental approach to the modeling of plant architecture is extended to the modeling of leaves and flowers. The method is expressed using the formalism of L-systems.
[Influence of deleting 9 amino acid residues at N-terminus on immunogenicity of a Plasmodium falciparum chimeric protein]. (2003)

Plasmodium falciparum chimeric protein 2 (PfCP-2), fused by erythrocytic stage antigens, AMA-1(III) and MSP1-19, is a potential vaccine candidate against malaria. However, the two-band pattern of this protein product in SDS-PAGE has some negative influence for the application of it for clinical tests. N-terminal sequence analysis of the product showed that the doublet had different N-terminus, with 9 amino acid deletion in the band with low molecular weight. Therefore, the gene was modified to generate a new construct, named PfCP-2.9, which was lack of these 9 residues at its N-terminus. Expression of PfCP-2.9 produced only one band. Moreover, the new construct was as same as the original product in the level of expression, conformation dependence on the disulfide bond, immunogenicity and inhibitory effect on the parasite growth in vitro.
DIETARY IMMUNOREGULATION OF TRANSFUSION-INDUCED IMMUNOSUPPRESSION (1988)

Dietary supplementation with fatty acids was carried out to examine whether the type and timing of dietary manipulation would have an effect on transfusion-induced immunosuppression in a rat cardiac transplant model. Linoleic acid (LA), oleic acid (OA), and fish oil (FO) were used because of their different effects on arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. Pretransplant inhibition of AA metabolism (OA) shortened graft survival when compared with water-fed controls. Posttransplant LA (AA precursor) significantly prolonged graft survival. Pre- and posttransplant supplementation of LA and OA resulted in even more prolongation and shortening of graft survival, respectively. These findings suggest that transfusion-induced immunosuppression is partially mediated by AA metabolites, which are necessary for the pretransplant induction and posttransplant maintenance of the suppressed state. Dietary immunoregulation of transfusion induced immunosuppression is possible. The timing of dietary intervention and type of lipid supplementation is important in regulation of the immune response.
Integrated model for plasma CVD and etch processes (1995)

Summary form only given, as follows. Simulating the complex interactive phenomena in plasma CVD and etch reactors is an exceedingly daunting task because of the wide range of time and space scales that naturally occur in such reactors. The models required will depend on the pressure regime of the reactor. Deposition reactors employ pressures ranging from 10's of Torr to 100's of Torr and are collisional while etch reactors range from fractions of a milliTorr (transitional/collisionless) to several Torr (borderline collisional). In a microwave diamond CVD diffusion reactor operating at 40 Torr, time scales range from 10/sup -9/ s for the time required to establish the microwave electric field to /spl sim/1 s for the system throughput time. Spatial scales range from /spl sim/10/sup -3/ cm for the Debye length to fractions of a meter for the reactor dimension. Of most interest generally is the steady state dynamics and chemistry that is established, typically on a millisecond or longer time scale. An integrated CVD model requires modules that simulate the electromagnetic field development, plasma physics including the nonthermal electron energy distribution, nonequilibrium gas chemistry, diffusion/convection, heat transport, and surface chemistry. We describe our progress in modeling these different plasma processes emphasizing the techniques required to put together an integrated and practical model that simulates the non-equilibrium steady state. The codes being integrated include: BMUSED-Boltzmann multispecies electron deposition, CHOCHEM-Automated chemistry integrator, CVDSIM-Navier-Stokes fluid code with thermal conductivity, DSMC-Direct Simulation Monte Carlo code for transition regime.
An improved photographic process for convergent beam electron diffraction applications (1987)

Abstract The use of a surface developer, pyrocatechol, to process transmission electron microscope negatives has been shown to have significant advantages over the conventional D‐19 process. The process described here is tolerant of a large margin of error in the electron exposure and produces a negative that not only retains details both in the highlight as well as the faint regions, but also preserves local contrast. These characteristics are particularly useful in convergent beam electron diffraction applications where one encounters a wide contrast range. Improved acuteness and an enhanced signal to noise ratio due to the prolonged exposures associated with this process have also been observed.
Joint DoA-range-Doppler tracking of moving targets based on compressive sensing (2014)

In this paper, the tracking of moving targets using a stepped frequency linear antenna array is addressed through the compressive sensing (CS) framework. Multiple targets are resolved in the three-dimensional directions of arrival (DoA)-range-Doppler space for each time instant. The Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) algorithm is utilized to reconstruct the target space using measurements at a small number of randomly selected frequencies. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated through simulation result in terms of accuracy and computational complexity.
On Iterative Scheduling for Input-Queued Switches With a Speedup of $2-1/N$ (2016)

An efficient iterative scheduling algorithm for input-queued switches, called round robin with longest queue first (RR/LQF), is proposed in this paper. RR/LQF consists of three phases: report, grant, and accept. In each phase, only a single-bit message per port is sent for reporting a packet arrival, granting an input for packet sending, or accepting a grant. In both the grant and accept phases, scheduling priority is given to the preferred input-output pairs first and the longest virtual output queuing (VOQ) next. The notion of the preferred input-output pair is to keep a global RR schedule among all the inputs and the outputs. By serving the preferred input-output pairs first, the match size tends to be maximized. By serving the longest VOQ next, the match weight is also boosted. When RR/LQF is executed for a single iteration (i.e., RR/LQF-1), we show by simulations that RR/LQF-1 outperforms all the existing single-bit-single-iteration scheduling algorithms. When RR/LQF is executed up to N iterations (i.e., RR/LQF-N), we prove that under any admissible traffic pattern, RR/LQF-N is stable with a speedup of 2-1/N, where N is the switch size. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work showing that an iterative scheduling algorithm is stable with a speedup less than 2. We then generalize RR/LQF to become a class of algorithms that have the same speedup bound of 2-1/N. Efforts are then made to further reduce the implementation complexity of RR/LQF. To this end, the pipelined RR/LQF and RR/RR, a simpler variant of RR/LQF, are proposed.
Development of a systematic methodology of fuzzy logic modeling (1998)

This paper proposes a systematic methodology of fuzzy logic modeling for complex system modeling. It has a unified parameterized reasoning formulation, an improved fuzzy clustering algorithm, and an efficient strategy of selecting significant system inputs and their membership functions. The reasoning mechanism introduces 4 parameters whose variation provides a continuous range of inference operation. As a result, we are no longer restricted to standard extremes in any step of reasoning. The fuzzy model itself can then adjust the reasoning process by optimizing the inference parameters based on input-output data. The fuzzy rules are generated through fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering. Major bottlenecks are addressed and analytical solutions are suggested. We also address the classification process to extend the derived fuzzy partition to the entire output space. In order to select suitable input variables among a finite number of candidates (unlike traditional approaches) we suggest a new strategy through which dominant input parameters are assigned in one step and no iteration process is required. Furthermore, a clustering technique called fuzzy fine clustering is introduced to assign the input membership functions. In order to evaluate the proposed methodology, two examples-a nonlinear function and a gas furnace dynamic procedure-are investigated in detail. The significant improvement of the model is concluded compared to other fuzzy modeling approaches.
Characterization of the Refractive Index of Strained GaInNAs Layers by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (1998)

We have characterized the refractive index of strained GaInNAs layers. Using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), the variation in optical constants of GaInNAs layers, about 6 nm thick with a nitrogen content lower than 1%, can be clearly observed. Analysis of the SE data, including the strain effect in the layer, clarified that the refractive index of GaInNAs increases in proportion to the nitrogen content. While the trend for increase in refractive index with a decrease in the bandgap energy is the same as that observed in conventional III–V alloy semiconductors, the rate of increase is found to be much larger than that in GaInAs. This result suggests a large density of states in the conduction band characteristics of this type of material system that includes nitrogen atoms.
C1q restrains autoimmunity and viral infection by regulating CD8 <sup>+</sup> T cell metabolism (2018)

Deficiency of C1q, the initiator of the complement classical pathway, is associated with the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Explaining this association in terms of abnormalities in the classical pathway alone remains problematic because C3 deficiency does not predispose to SLE. Here, using a mouse model of SLE, we demonstrate that C1q, but not C3, restrains the response to self-antigens by modulating the mitochondrial metabolism of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, which can themselves propagate autoimmunity. C1q deficiency also triggers an exuberant effector CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell response to chronic viral infection leading to lethal immunopathology. These data establish a link between C1q and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell metabolism and may explain how C1q protects against lupus, with implications for the role of viral infections in the perpetuation of autoimmunity.
Structure and Localization of the Mouse Prolyl Oligopeptidase Gene (1999)

We have cloned and characterized the genomic structure of the mouse gene for prolyl oligopeptidase that is mapped to chromosome 10B2-B3. The gene is about 92 kilobases in size and contains 15 exons. All exon-intron junction sequences conform to the GT/AG rule. Comparison with the presumed domain structures of the mouse prolyl oligopeptidase indicates that the propeller domain of the enzyme is encoded by exons 3-10, whereas the catalytic domain is encoded by exons 1-3 and 10-15. The catalytic triad residues are encoded by two exons (Ser(554) on exon 13 and His(680) and Asp(642) on exon 15). The 5'-flanking region of the mouse prolyl oligopeptidase gene has structural features found in housekeeping gene promoters, including a GC-rich segment and an absence of TATA and CAAT boxes. A primer extension assay showed the presence of multiple sites for the initiation of transcription. Transient transfection analysis demonstrated that the 5'-flanking region of the gene can direct efficient expression in COS1 cells. Deletion studies revealed that the downstream 125-base pair sequence of the region is required for promoter activity in the cells.
Encapsulation as a Technique for Formulating Microbial and Chemical Insecticides1 (1966)

Bacillus thuringiensis var. Thuringiensis Berliner, encapsulated by several processes, retained its viability and pathogenicity for the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner). In field tests the capsule formulation was applied dry and in spray form, giving good control in both. An emulsifiable formulation of the bacterium also gave good corn borer control.
Snooze: A Scalable and Autonomic Virtual Machine Management Framework for Private Clouds (2012)

With the advent of cloud computing and the need to satisfy growing customers resource demands, cloud providers now operate increasing amounts of large data centers. In order to ease the creation of private clouds, several open-source Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) cloud management frameworks (e.g. Open Nebula, Nimbus, Eucalyptus, Open Stack) have been proposed. However, all these systems are either highly centralized or have limited fault tolerance support. Consequently, they all share common drawbacks: scalability is limited by a single master node and Single Point of Failure (SPOF). In this paper, we present the design, implementation and evaluation of a novel scalable and autonomic (i.e. self-organizing and healing) virtual machine (VM) management framework called Snooze. For scalability the system utilizes a self-organizing hierarchical architecture and performs distributed VM management. Moreover, fault tolerance is provided at all levels of the hierarchy, thus allowing the system to self-heal in case of failures. Our evaluation conducted on 144 physical machines of the Grid'5000 experimental test bed shows that the fault tolerance features of the framework do not impact application performance. Moreover, negligible cost is involved in performing distributed VM management and the system remains highly scalable with increasing amounts of resources.
Synovial fibronectin fragmentation and domain expressions in relation to rheumatoid arthritis progression (2007)

To determine whether the expression of some fibronectin (FN) domains and a degree of FN degradation are associated with the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Based on the radiographs of the hands of RA patients, three groups of synovial fluid and plasma samples were distinguished: (i) those with early radiological changes, (ii) established and (iii) late progressive radiological changes. The expressions of FN domains were determined by ELISA using appropriate domain-specific monoclonal antibodies. FN fragmentation was analysed by immunoblotting.In the early RA group, synovial FN was found to be totally degraded to a mixture of FN fragments. In the established group, it consisted of a portion of intact FN molecules and a smaller part of FN fragments, whereas in the late group the synovial FN immunoblotting pattern was similar to that of intact FN. The FN fragmentation was accompanied by decreases in FN immune reactivity with monoclonal antibodies specific to the collagen, fibrin and C-terminal FN domains. In the blood plasma of all studied groups of RA patients, the FN immunopattern was analogous to that in normal plasma. However, the expressions of the plasma FN domains were higher than those of healthy individuals.Profound degradation of FN and low collagen, fibrin and C-terminal domain expressions in FN were only associated with early destructive changes observed in radiographs of the RA patients' hands.
A hybrid network architecture for modular data centers - eScholarship (2010)

The emergence of the mega data center has resulted in the basic building block of ever larger data centers changing from a rack comprising tens of servers to a self-contained modular shipping container that holds upto a thousand servers. These self-contained modular blocks include networking, power and cooling equipment besides servers. However, provisioning bandwidth between these containers at a large scale is still a significant challenge. Traditional approaches to provisioning bandwidth use electrical packet switches with a scale-up architecture and are often highly oversubscribed. More recent proposals such as those using clos networks promise full bisection bandwidth between servers, albeit at a high cost and power consumption. We present Helios, a hybrid architecture for modular data centers that combines electrical packet switching and optical circuit switching in a single network and dynamically provisions bandwidth between the modular containers on demand. We investigate this design from an architectural standpoint by building a fully functional prototype and explore its implications for data center networks and the challenges that it introduces. Our prototype shows the feasibility of building such a system and achieving high performance at considerably lower cost. Additionally it uncovers several issues that pose new challenges for designing large data center networks and problems that arise when circuits are rapidly reconfigured
Metabolite Profiling of <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> under Nutrient Deprivation (2005)

A metabolite profiling technique for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells for multiparallel analysis of low-molecular weight polar compounds was developed. The experimental protocol was optimized to quickly inactivate enzymatic activity, achieve maximum extraction capacity, and process large sample quantities. As a result of the rapid sampling, extraction, and analysis by gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry, more than 800 analytes from a single sample could be measured, of which more than 100 could be identified. Analyte responses could be determined mostly with ses less than 10%. Wild-type cells of C. reinhardtii strain CC-125 subjected to nitrogen-, phosphorus-, sulfur-, or iron-depleted growth conditions develop highly distinctive metabolite profiles. Individual metabolites undergo marked changes in their steady-state levels. Compared to control conditions, sulfur-depleted cells accumulated 4-hydroxyproline more than 50-fold, whereas the amount of 2-ketovaline was reduced to 2% of control levels. The contribution of each compound to the differences observed in the metabolic phenotypes is summarized in a quantitatively rigorous way by principal component analysis, which clearly discriminates the cells from different growth regimes and indicates that phosphorus-depleted conditions induce a deficiency syndrome quite different from the response to nitrogen, sulfur, or iron starvation.
In-Line Multiport Calibration Algorithm (1998)

We present a multiport measurement algorithm that uses only conventional in-line calibrations. The algorithm is well suited to performing on-wafer multiport measurements, and can correct with the thru-reflect-line calibration. We demonstrate the algorithm in a four-port measurement system.
Ultra-short-term analysis of heart rate variability for real-time acute pain monitoring with wearable electronics (2017)

In medical care, it is essential to assess and manage acute painful conditions adequately. Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is based on the acquisition of electrocardiogram (ECG), which is available from both patient monitor and wearable device. As HRV analysis can reflect autonomic nervous system activity which is unconsciously regulated, HRV analysis in ultra-short-term is getting attention in indicating the reaction due to acute pain. Different HRV features in different window lengths are involved in pain monitoring studies as a signal index or part of a multi-parameter model. In this work, seven HRV features and median heart rate (HR) in ultra-short-term are evaluated for their competence in indicating experimental acute pain. Also, the choice of time window length in HRV analysis and its relation with pain detection are discussed. The results of the normalized HRV analysis from healthy volunteers show that the changes of lnRMSSD, pNN20 and median HR associated with the intensity of experimental electrical pain; and in the tests with experimental thermal pain, lnLF and ln(LF/HF) changed along with pain intensity. The fusion of the HRV features could tell pain from no pain. With either experimental pain stimulation, optimal time window length was observed around or larger than 40 seconds with better correlation analysis result and HRV feature fusion performance.
Epidemiology of coronavirus respiratory infections. (1983)

Human coronaviruses were found by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in upper respiratory tract secretions taken during 30% of 108 acute respiratory infections experienced by 30 children under age 6 years with recurrent respiratory infections (index group), and during 29% of 51 acute infections experienced by their siblings. Lower respiratory tract infection--predominantly wheezy bronchitis--occurred in 30% of the index children's coronavirus positive infections but in none of their siblings' infections. Reinfections were common. Two peaks of infection were seen each year in the late autumn/early winter and in the early summer.