gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of regiospecifically labeled [18O]glycolic acid and [18O]acyldihydroxyacetone phosphate. (1988)

Methods are detailed for the preparation of [2-18O]glycolate from chloroacetic acid and for the direct conversion of these intermediates to regiospecifically labeled [2-18O]-2-O-acylglycolic acids containing approximately 90% 18O at the C-O-acyl bond. Methods are also detailed for optimization of reaction conditions and yields for each synthetic step in previously published methods for the preparation of 1-O-acyldihydroxyacetone-3-O-phosphate (DHAP) from acyloxyacetic acid (i.e., 2-O-acylglycolic acid), where acyl is tetradecanoyl, hexadecanoyl, or heptadecanoyl. The optimized reaction conditions generate 1-O-acyl DHAP in its acid form, both in high overall yield and in high purity, without requiring a final chromatographic purification of the product, 1-O-acyl DHAP. Combining these new methods, efficient and facile preparations of regiospecifically labeled [1-18O]-1-O-hexadecanoyl DHAP and [1-18O]-1-O-heptadecanoyl DHAP have now been demonstrated, in which approximately 90% 18O is specifically located only at the C-O-acyl position. Some mechanistic postulates are offered to account for the optimized yields, regioselectivities, and high 18O incorporation which are observed in the reactions we have employed to generate 1-O-acyl DHAP from glycolate intermediates.
Serum levels of interleukin‐6 type cytokines and soluble interleukin‐6 receptor in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (1998)

We investigated the serum concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and two IL-6 family of cytokines (leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) as well as IL-6 soluble receptor (sIL-6R) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 66 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 24 healthy controls. We examined a possible association between the serum levels of these peptides and RA activity according to the Mallya and Mace scoring system and Ritchie's index. We also evaluated the correlation between the serum levels of IL-6, LIF, CNTF and sIL-6R and duration of the disease and calculated sIL-6R/IL-6 ratio in RA patients and in the control group. IL-6 and sIL-6R were detectable in all 66 patients with RA and 24 normal individuals. LIF was also found in the serum of all patients with RA and in 16 (66.7%) normal individuals. In contrast CNTF was measurable only in 15 (22.7%) patients with RA and 24 (33.3%) normal individuals. The highest IL-6 and sIL-6R levels were found in the patients with Stages 3 and 4 of RA activity and the lowest in the control group. In contrast there were no statistically significant differences between the LIF and CNTF levels in RA patients and normal individuals. We found positive correlation between IL-6 and sIL-6R concentrations and Ritchie's index and a lack of such correlation with LIF and CNTF. IL-6 serum level correlated positively with the disease duration, but sIL-6R, LIF and CNTF did not. Serum sIL-6R/IL-6 ratio was significantly lower in RA patients than in healthy controls. In conclusion, an increase in the serum levels of IL-6 and sIL-6R, but not LIF and CNTF concentrations, may be useful markers for RA activity.
Lecture capture using large interactive display systems (2003)

There are various software technologies that allow capture and redelivery of lectures. Most of these technologies however rely on the use of proprietary software, often requiring extra efforts from the lecturer in terms of the initial preparation of the lecture material, or in editing and annotating after the lecture to make the material suitable for the students. To review the material students then require access to the proprietary software. This paper describes a system for the lightweight capture of lecture presentations, based on the use of a low-cost large interactive display surface, together with standard Microsoft PowerPoint/spl trade/ presentation software. The captured version of the presentation includes the original lecture slides' graphical annotations made by the lecturer during the lecture, and the audio recording of the lecture; all saved as a PowerPoint file. In addition, the system adds some annotations and index slides to allow quick and easy access to different segments of the presentation. Presentations can be replayed in part or in full as required, preserving all of the content of the live lecture.
Studies on Stable Free Radicals. X. Photolysis of Hindered <i>N</i>-Chloroamines (1972)

Abstract Photolysis of the hindered N-Chloroamines, 1-chloro-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxopiperidine (IIa), 1-chloro-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (IIb), and 1-chloro-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-4-oxoimidazolidine (IIc), in benzene solution were carried out in an ESR spectrometer cavity. The ESR spectra of the corresponding amino radicals IIIa, IIIb, and IIIc were observed in evacuated solutions. In solutions containing oxygen, it was found that amino radicals IIIb and IIIc, readily reacted with oxygen to give the corresponding stable nitroxide radicals IVb and IVc, from the shapes of spectra and g-values. Amino radical IIIa did not react with oxygen. Although the amino radicals could not be isolated, their formation was confirmed by the isolation of a coupling product with a benzyl radical generated from dibenzylmercury.
A comparison of shoe insole materials in plantar pressure relief (1986)

A clinical study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of seven shoe insole materials and their ability to relieve areas of high plantar pressure. The following materials were tested: Latex foam, Plastazote, Dynafoam, Ortho felt, PPTR, Spenco, and Molo. Twenty-six patients with areas of high plantar pressure were tested using each of these materials. The Harris and Beath footprinting technique was used to measure plantar pressure. It was found that the average pressure of a clinically painful plantar area was 398.15kN/m2. All insole materials tested decreased this pressure, with averages ranging from 186.33kN/m2 to 286.35kN/m2. PPT, Plastazote and Spenco were the most effective products tested.
Evaluation of vincristine, CCNU and methyl-CCNU at high level doses in an experimental murine renal adenocarcinoma model. (1981)

Balb/C mice were implanted with tumor cells from primary tumor in donor animals bearing renal cell adenocarcinoma. Survival time, tumor growth and metastatic occurrence in treated animals were not significantly improved by high dose Methyl-CCNU, CCNU or Vincristine. It was also concluded that the dose levels of Methyl-CCNU and CCNU used for this study were highly toxic causing early death in the animals. Such studies thus fail to support clinical hopes that these agents would be effective for chemotherapy regimens in human renal tumors.
Matching-adjusted indirect comparison: secukinumab versus infliximab in biologic-naive patients with psoriatic arthritis (2019)

<b>Aim:</b> To compare secukinumab with infliximab in biologic-naive patients with psoriatic arthritis using matching-adjusted indirect comparison. <b>Patients & methods:</b> Individual patient baseline data for secukinumab were matched to published aggregate data for infliximab by key baseline characteristics, with matching weights determined by logistic regression, and used to recalculate American College of Rheumatology (ACR) responses for secukinumab, for comparison with infliximab. <b>Results:</b> There were no differences in outcomes between secukinumab and infliximab at weeks 6/8 and 14/16. At weeks 24 and 54/52, ACR 20 responses were higher with secukinumab 150 mg than infliximab. At week 54/52, ACR 20/50 responses were higher for secukinumab 300 mg than infliximab. <b>Conclusion:</b> In the mid to long term, patients receiving secukinumab were more likely to achieve ACR 20/50 responses than those receiving infliximab.
Evidence that <i>Leishmania donovani</i> utilizes a mannose receptor on human mononuclear phagocytes to establish intracellular parasitism. (1986)

The pathogenic protozoan Leishmania donovani must gain entrance into mononuclear phagocytes to successfully parasitize man. The parasite's extra-cellular promastigote stage is ingested by human peripheral blood monocytes or monocyte-derived macrophages in the absence of serum, in a manner characteristic of receptor-mediated endocytosis. We have found remarkable similarities between the macrophage receptor(s) for promastigotes and a previously characterized eucaryotic receptor system, the mannose/fucose receptor (MFR), that mediates the binding of zymosan particles and mannose- or fucose-terminal glycoconjugates to macrophages. Ingestion of promastigotes by monocyte-derived macrophages was inhibited by several MFR ligands. Mannan (2.5 mg/ml) decreased ingestion by 63.7% (p less than 0.001), and the neoglycoproteins mannose-BSA and fucose-BSA (20 micrograms/ml) inhibited parasite ingestion by 46.5% and 39.6%, respectively (p less than 0.04). In contrast, promastigote ingestion by monocytes was unaffected by MFR ligands. These results are consistent with reports that MFR activity is present in monocyte-derived macrophages but not in monocytes. Furthermore, attachment of promastigotes to macrophages, assessed by using cytochalasin D to prevent phagocytosis, was reduced 49.8% by mannan. Reorientation of the MFR to the ventral surface of the cell was achieved by plating macrophages onto mannan-coated coverslips, reducing MFR activity on the exposed cell surface by 94% as assessed by binding of 125I-mannose-BSA. Under these conditions, ingestion of promastigotes was inhibited by 71.4% (p less than 0.006). Internalization of the MFR by exposure of macrophages to zymosan before infection with promastigotes resulted in a 62.3% decrease in parasite ingestion (p less than 0.006). Additionally NH4Cl, a weak lysosomotropic base that impairs MFR recycling, decreased macrophage ingestion of promastigotes by 38.2% (p less than 0.03, 30 mM NH4Cl). Subinhibitory concentrations of NH4Cl (10 mM) and of mannan (0.25 mg/ml) together inhibited parasite ingestion by 76.4% (p less than 0.002). These studies suggest that L. donovani promastigotes may utilize a receptor system on human monocyte-derived macrophages, the MFR, to efficiently parasitize the human host.
Extraction ofSantalum album andBoswellia carterii Birdw. volatile oil by supercritical carbon dioxide: influence of some process parameters (2006)

Wood of Santalum album and resin of Boswellia carterii Birdw. were used to obtain their volatile oils by means of supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide. Different extraction conditions were tested: 90 bar, 45 °C; 120 bar, 60 °C; and 120 bar, 45 °C. On both matrices, a good process performance was obtained working at 120 bar and 45 °C (density of CO2 = 0.658 g cm−3) in the extraction vessel, at 20 bar and 15 °C in the separator and at CO2 flow of 1.5 kg/h. At these conditions the higher yields were obtained: 1.9% for S. album and 6.5% for B. carterii. The main compounds contained in the sandalwood volatile oil were: α-santalol (46.1%), β-santalol (20.4%), epi-β-santalol (6.8%) and trans-α-bergamotol (5.4%). In the corresponding HD essential oil the α-santalol and β-santalol contents were lower: 35.0% and 14.0%, respectively. The volatile oil of B. carterii were made up of incensole acetate (32.0%), octanol acetate (25.1%), incensole (17.8%) and phyllocladene (7.7%). The percentage of the main constituents in the oil obtained by HD was quite different. It contained larger amounts of octanol acetate (45.2%) and phyllocladene (13.2%) and lower amounts of incesole (6.1%) and incensole acetate (13.0%). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactions of Some Biologically Active 2‐(2′‐Thienyl)benzoxazinone and Quinazolinone Derivatives. (1989)

Different amines were found to attack the hitherto unknown 6,8-dibromo-2-(2'-thienyl)-3,1-benzoxazin-4(H)-one (2) entirely at position-4, producing the corresponding benzamide derivatives 3a-i. Compound 2 reacted with hydrazoic acid affording the tetrazole 5, beside the benzimidazole derivative 6. Similarly carbon nucleophiles, such as ethyl acetoacetate attack 2 to give 7. 6,8-Dibromo-2(2'-thienyl)-4(3H)-quinazoline and its 3-substituted derivatives 8 a-g were also synthesized. Theoretical calculations for the benzoxazinone 2 and others, based on the simple HMO-method were performed. Close accordance between the theoretically predicted reactivities and the experimental findings was obtained. Biological activities of some of the compounds obtained were also tested.
Isolation of <i>Acremonium</i> Species Causing Postharvest Decay of Peaches in Spain (1997)

Two Acremonium spp., A. tubakii and A. rutilum, were isolated from rotted peaches (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch 'Miraflores') after ripening at 15 and 20°C, respectively, for 10 days. Fruit harvested in September 1994 in Mula (Murcia) at a firm-ripe stage of maturity were either nontreated or washed with water at 18°C and sorted in a packing line. Sorted fruit were treated with an aqueous dilution of iprodione (Rovral 50% WP Rhône-Poulenc Agrochimie, Paris, France) at 2 g·liter<sup>-1</sup>, pH = 7, and 18°C for 5 min. Half of the iprodione-treated fruit were forced-air pre-cooled to reach 0°C at the endosperm in about 12 h. Isolations of fungi were made from subepidermic tissue of decay margins of fruit with potato dextrose agar (PDA). Fungal species were identified after axenic cultures were grown on PDA for 10 days at 30°C. Acremonium spp. were identified based on microscopic morphology of asexual reproduction structures, using taxonomic keys. No other fungi were isolated from fruit decayed by Acremonium spp. A. tubakii decayed 1.7% of the iprodionetreated and pre-cooled fruit ripened at 15 or 20°C and the fruit treated by iprodione without pre-cooling but ripened at 20°C. These fruit were completely decomposed and oozed liquid. Colonies of this species were light colored, with nonramified, nonseptate, and hyaline conidiophores. The one-cell, ovate, and hyaline conidia of the fungus were enclosed in slimy heads. A. tubakii did not cause any brown discoloration of the PDA media. A. rutilum affected 3.2% of the iprodione-treated fruit ripened at 20°C. In contrast to A. tubakii infection, A. rutilum affected only the surface of fruit, which remained dry. Cultures of A. rutilum were white to pink and the conidia were one-celled, ovate, and hyaline, forming a head on the tip of the nonramified conidiophores. Conidia were long, nonseptate, and distinct from the somatic hyphae. Acremonium spp. probably developed on injuries caused by handling and/or treatments, because these rots did not occur on untreated fruit. Rhizopus nigricans, and to a lesser extent other fungi such as Alternaria, Cladosporium, and Penicillium spp., also commonly caused decay of sampled fruit. A. tubakii is a ubiquitous soil fungus reported from various European countries. A. rutilum isolated from diseased apples were pathogenic upon reinoculation (1). Both fungi were not found in the Spanish type culture collection of 1990. Other Acremonium spp. have been identified in melon roots in Spain (2). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Acremonium spp. causing decay of peach in Spain. References: (1) C. Brooks et al. Phytopathology 4:403, 1914. (2) J. García-Jiménez et al. Plant Dis. 78:416, 1994.
Spin-Wave Spectrum of Nickel Metal (1969)

The spin-wave spectrum of nickel metal has been measured in the three principal symmetry directions by inelastic neutron scattering using the triple-axis technique. A large crystal of 60Ni was used to avoid incoherent scattering and reduce contributions from phonon scattering. The spin-wave dispersion curve rises quadratically in each of the three directions according to the relation E=Dq2 when D is about 430 meV Å2. The spin-wave intensity decreases slowly with increasing energy and then drops suddenly by more than an order of magnitude. This sudden decrease occurs at different energies for the three symmetry directions and in accordance with calculations is interpreted as the intersection of the spin-wave dispersion curve with a continuum band of excitations. In the [100] direction this intersection corresponds to an energy of about 100 meV and a q of about 0.4 A−1. These results along with band calculations by Hanus indicate a d band splitting of 0.57 eV. The measured spin-wave spectra are similar to those calculated with an interatomic exchange of 0.025 eV.
Fatty acid biosynthesis in the developing endosperm of<i>Cocos nucifera</i> (1979)

Abstract Endosperm tissue of developing coconut endosperm incorporated [ 14 C] acetate and [ 14 C]‐malonate into [ 14 C]C 8 ‐C 18 fatty acids. The distribution of [ 14 C] label into the various fatty acids mimicked the distribution of endogenous fatty acids at early and middle stages of endosperm development. Although [ 14 C] C 8 ‐C 18 fatty acids were taken up rapidly by endosperm tissue slices, no elongation occurred; [ 14 C] stearic acid was not desaturated to oleic. Cell free preparations have also been obtained from this tissue that readily incorporated [ 14 C] malonyl‐CoA into a range of [ 14 C] fatty acids in the presence of ACP and NADH at pH 7.0. Employing this system, a number of experiments were designed to determine the mechanism of chain length termination. In contrast to intact tissue slice experiments, cell‐free extracts yielded as principal products palmitic and stearic acid, although up to 20% were shorter chain acids. A number of possible mechanisms for chain length termination were proposed and tested.
A Novel and Flexible Design of Magnetostrictive Sensor for Strand/Rope Defect Inspection (2011)

Steel strands and ropes are widely used to support heavy structures, such as bridges, buildings, lifts, and cable cars. They are also used in transmission lines to deliver power to cities as well as electrical trains. Failures occurring in strands/ropes may cause serious casualties and suspension of services. Therefore, it is of prime concern to provide advanced warnings prior to fatal failures. Magnetostrictive sensor (MsS) has become popular in generating and receiving desired ultrasonic guided waves to detect strand/rope defects. Conventional MsS usually uses hard sensing coils to generate the necessary dynamic magnet field to excite the desired guided waves for defect inspection. However, the hard coils are bulky and difficult to install on strands/ropes with different diameters. Such inflexibilities limit the use of MsS in many practical situations. This paper reports the design of a new type of MsS that uses innovative flexible coils, called flexible printed coil (FPC). The FPC is made of flexible film with the desired printed circuit pattern so that it can replace the conventional hard coils. The FPC-based MsS can be easily installed on or removed from the inspected strand/cable because of its flexible structure and the wrapped around type of mounting fashion. Moreover, the inspection performance of the new FPC-based MsS has been greatly increased because the FPC can be wrapped into multiple layers. The more the layers, the higher the wave energy can be emitted. The results obtained from the experiments conducted on seven-wire steel strand samples have proven the superior abilities of FPC than the conventional hard coils. The multi-layer FPC-based MsS has longer inspection range and higher sensitivity in detecting small cracks.
Exchange bias in ferromagnetic nanoparticles embedded in an antiferromagnetic matrix (2005)

The fabrication process and magnetic properties of three types of system consisting of ferromagnetic (FM) particles embedded in an antiferromagnetic (AFM) matrix are discussed. The preparation techniques are ball milling, H2 partial reduction of oxides and nanoparticle gas condensation. The magnetic properties of the FM/AFM composites are shown to depend strongly on the morphology of the system (e.g., nanoparticle size), the AFM anisotropy and the AFM-FM coupling. For example, all the studied systems exhibit coercivity enhancement below the Neel temperature of the AFM. However, while Co nanoparticles embedded in CoO exhibit loop shifts of thousands of Oe, Fe nanoparticles in Cr2O3 only show a few Oe shifts. An interesting effect evidenced in all systems is the increase of remanence (MR) which, in the case of Co-CoO, ultimately leads to an improvement of the superparamagnetic blocking temperature of the nanoparticles.
Laser beam recording of video master disks (1978)

A method for real time recording of video information on a disk by means of a laser beam is described. The laser beam is focused on a rotating substrate, covered with a thin film of positive photoresist. During exposure the laser beam is intensity modulated by means of an electrooptic modulator driven by the encoded video signal. After etching away the exposed areas of photoresist a master disk is obtained with pits, containing the video information in their periodicity and length. Such a master disk will serve as the source for generating submasters, stampers, etc. for the production of a large number of replicas as is usually done in the phonograph record industry.
Effective Laboratory-Scale Preparation of Axitinib by Two CuI-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions (2015)

The discovery and development of an efficient synthesis route to axinitib is reported. The first-generation route researched by Pfizer implemented two Pd-catalyzed coupling reactions as key steps. In this work, the development of Heck-type and C–S coupling reactions catalyzed by CuI is briefly described, using an economial and practical protocol. Aspects of this route, such as selecting optimal ligands, solvent, and other conditions, are discussed in detail. The scale-up experiment was carried out to provide more than 300 g of active pharmaceutical ingredients of axitinib in Form XLI with 99.9% purity in 39% yield. In short, we provide a new choice of synthesis route to axitinib, through two copper-catalyzed coupling reactions with good yield.
Near-Surface Currents in DeSoto Canyon (1997–99): Comparison of Current Meters, Satellite Observation, and Model Simulation (2003)

This study evaluates a data-assimilated model simulation of near-surface circulation in DeSoto Canyon (DSC), Gulf of Mexico, with emphasis on analyzing moored current-meter observations and comparing them with satellite data and model results. The study period is for two years from April 1997 to April 1999. The model results are from a high-resolution Gulf of Mexico model forced by analyzed wind and surface heat flux. Two types of data are used to deduce near-surface circulation: moored current meters at 13 locations in the DSC, and satellite sea level anomaly. The moored currents are mapped through multivariate objective analysis to produce surface currents and surface geopotentials, against which satellite-and model-derived sea surface heights and geostrophic currents are compared. Coupled patterns between the observations, model results, and satellite data are obtained using the singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis. There are two dominant modes: a ''single-eddy'' mode, in which currents are concentrated at the foot of the canyon, and an ''eddy-pair'' mode, in which one eddy is at the foot of the canyon and the other, a counterrotating eddy, is over the head of canyon. Mode 1 appears to be associated with the mesoscale eddy traveling around the Loop Current crest and trough, and mode 2 is associated with the intrusion of Loop Current crest and trough over the west Florida shelf. The observed and model currents are in good agreement about the means and variances. The model currents also appear to be well constrained by the steep topography. However, the model velocity field contains only the first mode. The satellite-derived velocity field, on the other hand, contains both the first and second modes; though, the satellite field does not adequately resolve the velocity structures over the slope.