gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of ovine conceptus secretory proteins and purified ovine trophoblast protein-1 on interoestrous interval and plasma concentrations of prostaglandins F-2α and E and of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin F-2α in cyclic ewes (1988)

Conceptus secretory proteins (oCSP) were obtained from medium in which sheep conceptuses, collected on Day 16 of pregnancy, were cultured for 30 h. A portion of the culture medium (500 ml) was prepared for intrauterine infusion by concentrating the proteins by Amicon ultrafiltration (Mr 500 cutoff). A second portion (500 ml medium) was used to purify sheep trophoblast protein one (oTP-1). Proteins remaining after oTP-1 purification were concentrated and then passed through an anti-oTP-1 sepharose CL-4B affinity column to remove any remaining oTP-1 (oCSP-oTP-1). Serum proteins (oSP) were collected from a Day-16 pregnant ewe and diluted for infusion. Catheters were placed in the uterus of cyclic (Day 10) ewes. The following combinations of proteins were infused: 0.75 mg oCSP + 0.75 mg oSP (5 ewes), 0.75 mg oCSP - oTP-1 + 0.75 mg oSP (4 ewes), 0.05 mg oTP-1 + 1.45 mg oSP (5 ewes) and 1.5 mg oSP only (5 ewes). Infusions were twice daily on Days 12 and 13 (08:00 and 17:00 h) and once on Day 14 (08:00 h). On Day 14, ewes were injected intravenously at 08:00 h with 0.5 mg oestradiol-17 beta. Blood sampling began 30 min before oestradiol injection and continued every 30 min for 10 h. On Day 15 ewes received 10 i.u. oxytocin intravenously (08:00 h). Blood samples were collected 10 min before oxytocin and every 10 min for 1 h after oxytocin injection. Concentrations of prostaglandin (PG) F, PGE-2/PGE-1 (PGE) and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF-2 alpha (PGFM) were measured by specific radioimmunoassay. Ewes treated with oTP-1 and oCSP had longer (P less than 0.05) interoestrous intervals (27 and 25 days, respectively) compared to ewes treated with oSP and oCSP--oTP-1 (19 and 19 days, respectively) (s.e.m. = 1.56 days). These results indicate that oTP-1 alone is as potent as total conceptus secretory proteins in extending luteal maintenance. Ewes treated with oTP-1 and oCSP had no increase in PGF after oestradiol injection while production of PGF did increase 6-10 h after oestradiol in ewes treated with oSP and oCSP--oTP-1. PGFM was correlated with PGF concentrations (r = 0.57, P less than 0.01) although presence or absence of increases in production of PGFM for the treatment groups were not the same as those for PGF. No effects of treatment on PGE were detected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Characterization of Self-Assembled Monolayers of Ferrocenylalkyl Compounds with Amide Linkages (1998)

Short chain ferrocenylalkyl disulfides, where n < 9, with the amide functionality (−OCN) at variable positions were synthesized and self-assembled on vapor-deposited gold. The effects of interchain hydrogen bonding on the stability, packing density, electron transfer rate and the formal potential of these self-assembled monolayers were investigated using cyclic voltammetry and infrared reflection−absorption spectroscopy. Interchain hydrogen bonding appeared to enhance the stability of these monolayers, although the packing densities were lower than that expected for a full monolayer. The electrochemical behavior of coadsorbed monolayers of ferrocenylalkyl disulfides and nonelectroactive unsubstituted alkanethiols was also examined. In these coadsorbed systems, an unexpected negative shift in the formal potential of the ferrocenyl compounds with the amide linkages was observed. This was attributed to disorder arising from the disruption of the hydrogen bonds within the monolayer caused by the alkanethiol “spacers”, thus making it slightly easier for the ferrocene subunits to undergo oxidation. Interchain hydrogen bonding within each surface-confined layer was also probed with infrared reflection−absorption spectroscopy. A general broadening of the amide stretch appearing around 3300 cm-1 in the surface spectra relative to the same amide stretch in the calculated surface spectra provided compelling evidence for interchain hydrogen bonding.
A fusogenic dengue virus-derived peptide enhances antitumor efficacy of an antibody-ribonuclease fusion protein targeting the EGF receptor (2014)

Due to its frequent overexpression in a variety of solid tumors the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a well-established target for therapeutic interventions in epithelial cancers. In order to target EGFR in head and neck cancer, we have generated a ribonuclease (RNase) fusion protein comprising a humanized anti-EGFR antibody single-chain Fv fragment (scFv) and Ranpirnase, an RNase from Rana pipiens. Fusion of Ranpirnase to the N-terminus of the scFv via a flexible glycine-serine linker (G4S)3 resulted in very poor cytotoxicity of the fusion protein. As endosomal accumulation and lysosomal degradation have been reported to diminish the antitumor efficacy of ribonuclease or toxin-based immunoagents, we explored a fusion peptide from dengue virus that has been reported to be involved in the endosomal escape of the virus. This peptide was introduced as a linker between Ranpirnase and the scFv moiety. The modified immunoRNase exhibited exceptionally high cytotoxicity toward EGFR-expressing head and neck cell lines without affecting specificity. These results indicate that endosomal entrapment needs to be considered for Ranpirnase-based immunoagents and might be overcome by the use of tailored transduction domains from viral proteins.
Arene Trifluoromethylation: An Effective Strategy to Obtain Air-Stable n-Type Organic Semiconductors with Tunable Optoelectronic and Electron Transfer Properties (2012)

Modulation of organic semiconductor band gap, electron affinities (EA), ionization potentials (IP), and reorganization energies (λ) associated with charge transfer is critical for its applications. We report here that trifluoromethylation not only increases both IP and EA significantly as expected but also narrows the HOMO-LUMO band gaps and increases considerably the air-stability of arene-based n-type organic semiconductors. The increased air-stability results from relatively high EA energies and a change in oxidation mechanism. Calculated EAs and IPs show that trifluoromethylated arenes are excellent candidates for n-type semiconductor materials; though a moderate increase of inner-sphere reorganization energy (λi) associated with charge transfer is the penalty for the improved performance of the trifluoromethylated compounds. However, since λi decreases as the π conjugation increases, a rational design to produce air-stable n-type semiconductor materials with reasonably small λi is simply to prepare trifluoromethylated arenes with extended π conjugation. Furthermore, we found that structural isomerization can fine-tune the optoelectronic and electronic transfer properties of the corresponding aromatics.
The First-Generation Whole-Genome Radiation Hybrid Map in the Horse Identifies Conserved Segments in Human and Mouse Genomes (2003)

A first-generation radiation hybrid (RH) map of the equine (Equus caballus) genome was assembled using 92 horse x hamster hybrid cell lines and 730 equine markers. The map is the first comprehensive framework map of the horse that (1) incorporates type I as well as type II markers, (2) integrates synteny, cytogenetic, and meiotic maps into a consensus map, and (3) provides the most detailed genome-wide information to date on the organization and comparative status of the equine genome. The 730 loci (258 type I and 472 type II) included in the final map are clustered in 101 RH groups distributed over all equine autosomes and the X chromosome. The overall marker retention frequency in the panel is approximately 21%, and the possibility of adding any new marker to the map is approximately 90%. On average, the mapped markers are distributed every 19 cR (4 Mb) of the equine genome--a significant improvement in resolution over previous maps. With 69 new FISH assignments, a total of 253 cytogenetically mapped loci physically anchor the RH map to various chromosomal segments. Synteny assignments of 39 gene loci complemented the RH mapping of 27 genes. The results added 12 new loci to the horse gene map. Lastly, comparison of the assembly of 447 equine genes (256 linearly ordered RH-mapped and additional 191 FISH-mapped) with the location of draft sequences of their human and mouse orthologs provides the most extensive horse-human and horse-mouse comparative map to date. We expect that the foundation established through this map will significantly facilitate rapid targeted expansion of the horse gene map and consequently, mapping and positional cloning of genes governing traits significant to the equine industry.
Influence of aging on oral-pharyngeal bolus transit and clearance during swallowing: scintigraphic study (1994)

The aim of the study was to determine the influence of normal aging on regional transit and the efficiency of bolus clearance during the oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing. We compared scintigraphically derived oral-pharyngeal transit times and isotope clearance during swallowing in 21 healthy aged volunteers (mean age 68 +/- 8 yr) and 9 young controls (mean age 28 +/- 7.5 yr). Subjects swallowed 5- and 10-ml water boluses mixed with 30 MBq 99mtechnetium tin colloid. Oral and pharyngeal transit times, pharyngeal clearance time, and postswallow residual counts in each region were derived from time-activity curves. Pharyngeal residual counts were significantly greater in the aged than in controls (P = 0.0008), but age did not influence oral residual. Aging significantly prolonged oral transit time (P = 0.02), pharyngeal transit time (P = 0.0004), and pharyngeal clearance time (P = 0.0001). We conclude that normal impairs the efficiency of pharyngeal clearance during swallowing, prolongs scintigraphic measures of oral-pharyngeal transit, and increases the exposure time of the glottis to the swallowed bolus.
Improved ethanol production by a xylose-fermenting recombinant yeast strain constructed through a modified genome shuffling method (2012)

The modified genome shuffling method developed in this study was more effective and easier to operate than the traditional protoplast-fusion-based method. Recombinant yeast strain ScF2 obtained in this study was a promising candidate for industrial cellulosic ethanol production. In order to further enhance its xylose fermentation performance, ScF2 needs to be additionally improved by metabolic engineering and directed evolution.
Wide-range fast-lock duty-cycle corrector with offset-tolerant duty-cycle detection scheme for 54nm 7Gb/s GDDR5 DRAM interface (2009)

A 7Gb/s 1Gb GDDR5 DRAM is implemented in a 54nm DRAM process. In order to improve data valid window at high speed interface, it employs a duty-cycle corrector (DCC) which achieves wide-range and fast-lock time by utilizing an anti-harmonic asynchronous binary search (ABS) circuit, as well as optimizes capability of duty-cycle correction by using offset-tolerant duty-cycle detection scheme. The acceptable range of the DCC is ±100ps and the corrected duty-cycle is 50% ± 6ps. The DCC operates over a wide frequency range from 0.8GHz to 3.5GHz and consumes 4.5mW at 3.5GHz using a 1.5V supply voltage.
Interleukin-12 gene expression after viral infection in the mouse (1995)

Interleukin-12 is a lymphokine that triggers gamma interferon secretion by various cells and differentiation of T-helper lymphocytes towards the Th1 subtype. Since viruses are potent inducers of gamma interferon production and elicit immune responses most probably mediated by Th1 cells, like B-cell immunoglobulin G2a secretion, we analyzed interleukin-12 message expression after infection of mice with lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus, mouse hepatitis virus, and mouse adenovirus. Our results indicated that the message for the p40 component of interleukin-12 was transiently increased shortly after infection. Interleukin-12 was expressed mainly by macrophages. Therefore, production of interleukin-12 might constitute the initial event that would determine the subsequent characteristics of the immune response elicited by viral infections.
544. The O-toluene-p-sulphonyl derivatives of 1,5-anhydro-4, 6-O-benzylidene-D-glucitol (1959)

F. H. Newth, J. Chem. Soc., 1959, 2717 DOI: 10.1039/JR9590002717
Single-walled carbon nanotubes grown from yttrium carbide particles (1994)

The discovery of single-walled carbon nanotubes in the soot from the catalytic arc-discharge evaporation has enlarged the technological promises of this novel form of carbon. To produce single-walled tubes by the catalytic arc-discharge, Fe, Co, and Ni as well as a mixture of Ni and Fe have been used as the catalysts. The growth of single-walled nanotubes appears to depend on the presence of those catalysts in the gas phase of the discharge, but there is no visible evidence to relate the single-walled tubes to the catalytic particles. Recently, it has been reported that bundles of single-walled nanotubes, produced with Gd or Nd as the catalyst for the discharge, radiate from amorphous catalyst cores. We report here on the discovery of clusters of single-walled carbon nanotubes from the arc-discharge experiments with YC 2 as the catalyst arranged around nuclei of yttrium carbides in a radiolarian pattern. They are present in large quantities in the primary soot.
Chemical probing of the tRNA--ribosome complex. (1981)

We probed the (Escherichia coli) tRNAPhe--ribosome interaction with the chemical reagents dimethyl sulfate and diethyl pyrocarbonate. This monitored the higher-order structure of the tRNA in this biological complex and identified critical sites in the tRNA molecule involved in binding to the ribosome. The methylation of the N-7 position of guanosine and the N-3 position of cytidine as well as diethyl pyrocarbonate attack on adenosines are sensitive to secondary and tertiary interactions. Here we identify specific bases in E. coli Phe-tRNAPhe affected by the interaction with the ribosome. The 70S ribosome protects the N-3 position of cytidine-74 and 75 in the 3'-terminal C-C-A, suggesting a strong, possibly base pairing, interaction between the ribosome and that universal sequence. The ribosome also induces strong reactivities at the N-7 positions of G-24 and G-46 in the central region of the tRNA molecule near the variable-loop domain as well as less significant reactivities at 11 other guanosines. Two of these, G-10 and G-44, are close to G-24 and G-46 in the center of the molecule; the others (guanosines 1, 5, 6, 18, 19, 63, 65, 69, and 71) are in the coaxial acceptor stem-T stem helix. All of the effects are ribosome induced and occur in the presence or absence of the messenger poly(U). Prior chemical modification of the anticodon bases as well as the two adjacent 3' purines and, less effectively, four purines in the anticodon stem prevent stable poly(U)-directed ribosome binding. Thus, we identify the 3' terminal C-C-A sequence, near the peptidyl transferase site, and the anticodon stem and loop of tRNAPhe as forming critical contacts with the ribosome. Other regions of the molecule become reactive on ribosome binding, but these do not suggest a significant conformational change being more likely due to a change of environment.
Oral physostigmine treatment for patients with presenile and senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. (1990)

Twelve patients aged 53 to 89 years with presenile or senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type participated in a treatment trial of oral physostigmine. Patients first received the drug during an open dose-finding phase. In a double-blind crossover design phase, the patients' memory performance during treatment with an optimal memory-enhancing dose was compared with memory performance during placebo treatment. Response to medication was assessed by the Delayed Recognition Span Test, the Selective Reminding Test, and the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale. Intergroup differences in response to physostigmine were nonsignificant. Age at onset of the disease did not differentiate partial responders from nonresponders.
Elements for an Integrated Geostatistical Modeling of Heterogeneous Reservoirs (2004)

The geostatistical approach for modeling heterogeneous reservoirs allows, on one hand, to integrate data of various natures and scales, and on the other hand, to evaluate uncertainties by generating multiple possible scenarios of the reservoir heterogeneity. Building a geostatistical reservoir model must account for the geological depositional environment of the reservoir, so as to represent the major heterogeneities that control fluid flow. The quantitative information from wells, seismic and well tests, etc., must be used for the inference of the model structural parameters. Constraining model realizations to the hydrodynamic data from production allows to further increase the model reliability for production forecasts. This paper presents the elements of an integrated methodology for modeling heterogeneous reservoirs. We first introduce the basic geostatistical models used to describe the heterogeneous reservoirs. This is followed by an outline on the inference of the model structural parameters. Then, we present an inverse approach based on the gradual deformation method for history matching.
Keyframe control of smoke simulations (2003)

We describe a method for controlling smoke simulations through user-specified keyframes. To achieve the desired behavior, a continuous quasi-Newton optimization solves for appropriate "wind" forces to be applied to the underlying velocity field throughout the simulation. The cornerstone of our approach is a method to efficiently compute exact derivatives through the steps of a fluid simulation. We formulate an objective function corresponding to how well a simulation matches the user's keyframes, and use the derivatives to solve for force parameters that minimize this function. For animations with several keyframes, we present a novel multiple-shooting approach. By splitting large problems into smaller overlapping subproblems, we greatly speed up the optimization process while avoiding certain local minima.
AN EVALUATION OF MANGANESE AS AN ANTIKNOCK IN UNLEADED GASOLINE (1975)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">MMT (methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl) is an antiknock additive for unleaded gasoline, which is now required for cars equipped with catalytic converters. Because of its effectiveness, MMT is economically attractive compared with achieving antiknock quality by refinery processing.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Use of MMT in gasoline at a concentration of 0.125 g of contained manganese per gallon provides, on the average, about 2 road octane numbers. Compared to processing, this could represent a savings in crude oil of about 1%. Like other antiknocks, the economic attractiveness of MMT is greatest at low concentrations.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Extensive road and dynamometer engine tests have shown that use of MMT in the recommended concentration range is compatible with general aspects of car operation--octane number requirement, exhaust valve and spark plug durability, and exhaust gas recycle for NO<sub>x</sub> control. Moreover, beneficial effects in exhaust valve guide and seat wear have been observed with MMT in some tests.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In tests using cars operated on the 50,000-mile EPA certification schedule, the use of MMT had no significant adverse effect on emissions as compared to unleaded gasoline. Other tests have shown a decrease in exhausted polynuclear aromatics through the use of MMT.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">MMT does not lessen the effectiveness of exhaust catalysts in oxidizing unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. Some plugging of monolithic exhaust catalysts has occurred when cars on the road are operated under conditions subjecting the catalyst to severe stresses. However, rapid catalyst deterioration has been observed under these conditions whether or not manganese is present. No catalyst plugging has been observed with MMT in more typical driving conditions.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The manganese in MMT is converted to Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> in the exhaust. We estimate that the median airborne manganese concentration in urban areas from widespread use of MMT would be 0.05 μg/m<sup>3</sup>; in freeway situations, estimated concentrations would be generally less than 1 μg/m<sup>3</sup>, rising above this level only under the most unfavorable meterological conditions.</div>
Assessment of Fluorochromes for Two-Photon Laser Scanning Microscopy of Biofilms (2002)

A major limitation for the use of two-proton laser scanning microscopy (2P-LSM) in biofilm and other studies is the lack of a thorough understanding of the excitation-emission responses of potential fluorochromes. In order to use 2P-LSM, the utility of various fluorochromes and probes specific for a range of biofilm constituents must be evaluated. The fluorochromes tested in this study included classical nucleic acid-specific stains, such as acridine orange (AO) and 4",6"-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), as well as recently developed stains. In addition, stains specific for biofilm extracellular polymeric substances (EPS matrix components) were tested. Two-photon excitation with a Ti/Sapphire laser was carried out at wavelengths from 760 to 900 nm in 10-nm steps. It was found that autofluorescence of phototrophic organisms (cyanobacteria and green algae) resulted in strong signals for the entire excitation range. In addition, the coenzyme F(420)-related autofluorescence of methanogenic bacteria could be used to obtain images of dense aggregates (excitation wavelength, 780 nm). The intensities of the emission signals for the nucleic acid-specific fluorochromes varied. For example, the intensities were similar for excitation wavelengths ranging from 780 to 900 nm for AO but were higher for a narrower range, 780 to 810 nm, for DAPI. In selective excitation, fading, multiple staining, and combined single-photon-two-photon studies, the recently developed nucleic acid-specific fluorochromes proved to be more suitable regardless of whether they are intended for living or fixed samples. Probes specific for proteins and glycoconjugates allowed two-photon imaging of polymeric biofilm constituents. Selective excitation-emission was observed for Calcofluor White M2R (780 to 800 nm) and SyproOrange (880 to 900 nm). In addition, fluor-conjugated concanavalin A lectins were examined and provided acceptable two-photon emission signals at wavelengths ranging from 780 to 800 nm. Finally, CellTracker, a fluorochrome suitable for long-term labeling of microbial eucaryote cells, was found to give strong emission at wavelengths ranging from 770 to 810 nm. If fluorochromes have the same two-photon excitation cross section, they are suitable for multiple staining and multichannel recording. Generally, if an appropriate excitation wavelength and fluorochrome were used, it was possible to obtain more highly resolved images for thick biofilm samples with two-photon laser microscopy than with conventional single-photon laser microscopy. Due to its potential for higher resolution in light-scattering tissue-like material, such as biofilms, and extremely localized excitation, 2P-LSM is a valuable addition to conventional confocal laser scanning microscopy with single-photon excitation. However, further development of the method and basic research are necessary to take full advantage of nonlinear excitation in studies of interfacial microbial ecology.