gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Attenuating Lymphocyte Activity (2005)

Five CD28-like proteins exert positive or negative effects on immune cells. Only four of these five receptors interact with members of the B7 family. The exception is BTLA (B and T lymphocyte attenuator), which instead interacts with the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member HVEM (herpes virus entry mediator). To better understand this interaction, we determined the 2.8-A crystal structure of the BTLA-HVEM complex. This structure shows that BTLA binds the N-terminal cysteine-rich domain of HVEM and employs a unique binding surface compared with other CD28-like receptors. Moreover, the structure shows that BTLA recognizes the same surface on HVEM as gD (herpes virus glycoprotein D) and utilizes a similar binding motif. Light scattering analysis demonstrates that the extracellular domain of BTLA is monomeric and that BTLA and HVEM form a 1:1 complex. Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of HVEM was used to further define critical binding residues. Finally, BTLA adopts an immunoglobulin I-set fold. Despite structural similarities to other CD28-like members, BTLA represents a unique co-receptor.
Regulation of protein phosphatase 1 by intrinsically disordered proteins (2012)

PP1 (protein phosphatase 1) is an essential serine/threonine phosphatase that plays a critical role in a broad range of biological processes, from muscle contraction to memory formation. PP1 achieves its biological specificity by forming holoenzymes with more than 200 known regulatory proteins. Interestingly, most of these regulatory proteins (≥ 70%) belong to the class of IDPs (intrinsically disordered proteins). Thus structural studies highlighting the interaction of these IDP regulatory proteins with PP1 are an attractive model system because it allows general parameters for a group of diverse IDPs that interact with the same binding partner to be identified, while also providing fundamental insights into PP1 biology. The present review provides a brief overview of our current understanding of IDP-PP1 interactions, including the importance of pre-formed secondary and tertiary structures for PP1 binding, as well as changes of IDP dynamics upon interacting with PP1.
Enzyme immunoassay of hemoglobin A1c: analytical characteristics and clinical performance for patients with diabetes mellitus, with and without uremia. (1989)

We evaluated an enzyme immunoassay (Novo BioLabs) for determination of hemoglobin A1c and measured the contribution of carbamylated hemoglobin to the hemoglobin A1c results obtained by HPLC for patients with chronic renal failure. The reference interval, determined for blood donors, was 0.035-0.050 (i.e., 3.5% to 5% of the total hemoglobin). For non-diabetic patients with chronic renal failure, on hemodialysis, the mean proportion of hemoglobin A1c was 0.038 (SD 0.0045); for umbilical cord blood it was 0.006-0.009. For diabetic patients with normal or near-normal renal function, results by enzyme immunoassay (y) and HPLC (x) correlated well (r = 0.83): y = 0.99x - 0.005. Added fetal hemoglobin or carbamylated hemoglobin did not interfere with enzyme immunoassay, but added carbamylated hemoglobin co-chromatographed with hemoglobin A1c. Measurements for patients with chronic renal failure, with or without diabetes, by enzyme immunoassay and by HPLC, were compared with measurements for patients with diabetes mellitus but no renal failure. Carbamylated hemoglobin contributed 0.019 to the hemoglobin A1c results obtained by HPLC for patients with chronic renal failure.
Three Dimensionally Ordered Macroporous Layered Double Hydroxides: Preparation by Templated Impregnation/Coprecipitation and Pattern Stability upon Calcination (2016)

Three dimensionally ordered macroporous layered double hydroxides (3-DOM LDH) have been synthesized using sacrificial polystyrene (PS) colloidal crystal templates impregnated by divalent and trivalent metal salts. LDH spatially confined coprecipitation occurs during soaking in NaOH solution, and the PS template is subsequently removed by dissolution to preserve the hydroxyl structure. This synthetic process can be applied to a wide range of LDH compositions (M<sup>II</sup>: Mg, Ni, Co, Zn and M<sup>III</sup>: Al, Cr). On the basis of XRD, SEM, TEM, chemical analysis, nitrogen adsorption, XAS experiments, and TGA, structural, textural, and thermal properties of these new nanostructured LDH particles are described. In particular, the study shows that both macro- and mesoporosity can be present and that the macroporosity is maintained after calcination at temperatures as high as 800 °C, giving rise to the presence of macroporous metal and mixed metal oxides. The photocatalytic activity experiments indicate that decatungstate intercalated into the 3-DOM LDH exhibits a higher photocatalytic activity for the photodegradation of 2,6-dimethylphenol than the decatungstate intercalated into the standard coprecipitated LDH parent material.
Co-transplantation of embryonic retina and retinal pigment epithelial cells to rabbit retina (1995)

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is important for normal development of the neural retina. We sought to investigate whether cografting RPE cells affected the differentiation and survival of retinal grafts. Pigmented embryonic day 16 (E16) rabbit retina was dissected either with or without attached RPE and injected into a lesion site in retinas of young adult rabbit hosts. Each host obtained a pure retina graft in one eye and a retina/RPE cograft in the other. Animals were sacrificed after 4, 8 and 12 weeks. After 4 weeks, grafts (1-2 mm in diameter) were seen in both experimental groups at the lesion site or in the subretinal space. However, 8 and 12 weeks after transplantation, the graft survival rate decreased. The grafts developed cell layers in folded sheets and many rosettes (a rosette consists of photoreceptors and cells of other retinal layers around a central lumen defined by an outer limiting membrane). Cografts of retina with RPE had areas of more distinct cell lamination than transplants of pure retina. Grafted RPE cells were organized in clusters of cells surrounded by extracellular matrix and often associated with blood vessels. If the extracellular matrix of RPE cell clusters was outside the rosettes close to inner retinal layers in the graft, transplant Müller cell endfeet developed an inner limiting membrane. Müller cell endfeet could also be observed in subretinal transplants attached to the denuded Bruch's membrane of the host. In 12-week grafts, when RPE cell clusters were inside rosettes, the surrounded photoreceptors survived better. No RPE effect could be seen if single RPE cells were dispersed among retinal donor cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Nuclear DNA Synthesis In Vitro is Mediated via Stable Replication Forks Assembled in a Temporally Specific Fashion In Vivo (1988)

A cell-free nuclear replication system that is S-phase specific, that requires the activity of DNA polymerase alpha, and that is stimulated three- to eightfold by cytoplasmic factors from S-phase cells was used to examine the temporal specificity of chromosomal DNA synthesis in vitro. Temporal specificity of DNA synthesis in isolated nuclei was assessed directly by examining the replication of restriction fragments derived from the amplified 200-kilobase dihydrofolate reductase domain of methotrexate-resistant CHOC 400 cells as a function of the cell cycle. In nuclei prepared from cells collected at the G1/S boundary of the cell cycle, synthesis of amplified sequences commenced within the immediate dihydrofolate reductase origin region and elongation continued for 60 to 80 min. The order of synthesis of amplified restriction fragments in nuclei from early S-phase cells in vitro appeared to be indistinguishable from that in vivo. Nuclei prepared from CHOC 400 cells poised at later times in the S phase synthesized characteristic subsets of other amplified fragments. The specificity of fragment labeling patterns was stable to short-term storage at 4 degrees C. The occurrence of stimulatory factors in cytosol extracts was cell cycle dependent in that minimal stimulation was observed with early G1-phase extracts, whereas maximal stimulation was observed with cytosol extracts from S-phase cells. Chromosomal synthesis was not observed in nuclei from G1 cells, nor did cytosol extracts from S-phase cells induce chromosomal replication in G1 nuclei. In contrast to chromosomal DNA synthesis, mitochondrial DNA replication in vitro was not stimulated by cytoplasmic factors and occurred at equivalent rates throughout the G1 and S phases. These studies show that chromosomal DNA replication in isolated nuclei is mediated by stable replication forks that are assembled in a temporally specific fashion in vivo and indicate that the synthetic mechanisms observed in vitro accurately reflect those operative in vivo.
A convenient synthesis of 4-ethynylphthalic anhydride via 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA convenient synthesis of 4-ethynylphthalic anhydride via 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-olEdward T. Sabourin and Anatoli OnopchenkoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 25, 5135–5137Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00173a074https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00173a074research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views974Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Likelihood Alarm Displays (1988)

In a likelihood alarm display (LAD) information about event likelihood is computed by an automated monitoring system and encoded into an alerting signal for the human operator. Operator performance within a dual-task paradigm was evaluated with two LADs: a color-coded visual alarm and a linguistically coded synthetic speech alarm. The operator's primary task was one of tracking; the secondary task was to monitor a four-element numerical display and determine whether the data arose from a "signal" or "no-signal" condition. A simulated "intelligent" monitoring system alerted the operator to the likelihood of a signal. The results indicated that (1) automated monitoring systems can improve performance on primary and secondary tasks; (2) LADs can improve the allocation of attention among tasks and provide information integrated into operator decisions; and (3) LADs do not necessarily add to the operator's attentional load.
Active tails enhance arboreal acrobatics in geckos (2008)

Geckos are nature's elite climbers. Their remarkable climbing feats have been attributed to specialized feet with hairy toes that uncurl and peel in milliseconds. Here, we report that the secret to the gecko's arboreal acrobatics includes an active tail. We examine the tail's role during rapid climbing, aerial descent, and gliding. We show that a gecko's tail functions as an emergency fifth leg to prevent falling during rapid climbing. A response initiated by slipping causes the tail tip to push against the vertical surface, thereby preventing pitch-back of the head and upper body. When pitch-back cannot be prevented, geckos avoid falling by placing their tail in a posture similar to a bicycle's kickstand. Should a gecko fall with its back to the ground, a swing of its tail induces the most rapid, zero-angular momentum air-righting response yet measured. Once righted to a sprawled gliding posture, circular tail movements control yaw and pitch as the gecko descends. Our results suggest that large, active tails can function as effective control appendages. These results have provided biological inspiration for the design of an active tail on a climbing robot, and we anticipate their use in small, unmanned gliding vehicles and multisegment spacecraft.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of a Selected Library of New Potential Anti-inflammatory Agents Bearing the γ-Hydroxybutenolide Scaffold:  a New Class of Inhibitors of Prostanoid Production through the Selective Modulation of Microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase-1 Expression (2007)

As a part of our drug discovery effort, recently we clarified the molecular basis of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inactivation by petrosaspongiolide M (PM), an interesting metabolite belonging to a marine sesterterpene family, containing in its structural architecture a gamma-hydroxybutenolide moiety and showing potent anti-inflammatory activity. In the attempt to expand structural diversity as well as to simplify crucial synthetic features of the parent compound, we decided to develop a selected library based on the densely functionalized gamma-hydroxybutenolide scaffold. The synthesized products were tested for their ability to inhibit PLA2 enzymes as well as to modulate the expression of inducible cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 (mPGES-1), two key enzymes highly involved in the inflammatory event, in order to discover new promising anti-inflammatory agents with better pharmacological profiles. This led us to the discovery of a promising inhibitor (4e) of prostanoid production acting by in vitro and in vivo selective modulation of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 expression.
Dendritic cell generated from CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors can be transfected with adenovirus containing gene of HBsAg and induce antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell responses (2006)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen presenting cells that are being considered as potential immunotherapeutic agents to promote host immune responses against tumor antigens. The use of such modified antigen-presenting cells for research or therapeutic have been limited by several factors, including maintaining DCs in a highly activated state, efficient transduction and expression, stable expression, identification of appropriate tumor-associated antigens, and absence of unintended functional changes or cytotoxicity. In this study, the feasibility of using CD34-DCs for tumor immunotherapy after transduction with a recombinant adenovirus containing HBsAg gene (AdVHBsAg), an HCC-associated antigen, was investigated. The gene transfer with recombinant adenovirus vectors (AdV) can obtained high levels of stable expression of HBsAg and its efficiency was increased in a multiplicity of infection (MOI)-dependent manner. Moreover, the AdVHBsAg infection had no appreciable effect on apoptosis of DCs compared with that of mock-infected DCs. The T cell lines, primed by the recombinant AdVHBsAg-infected DCs in vitro, recognized HBsAg-expressing tumor cell lines in a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I-restricted manner, and evoked a higher CTL response, which indicated that high potent and specific antitumor immune response could be induced by AdVHBsAg DC vaccine. It may be a promising the therapeutic modality for the treatment of HBsAg-expressing tumors, and will be a foundation for further study on DC vaccines and gene therapy for HCC.
Automatic place-and-route of emerging LED-driven wires within a monolithically-integrated CMOS−III-V process (2017)

We leverage a recently demonstrated CMOS compatible III-V and Si monolithic integrated process to design photonic links comprising LEDs and photodiodes, as direct replacements for on-chip electrical wires. To enable VLSI-scale design of chips with such LED links, we create a library of opto-electronic standard cells, and model waveguides as traditional metal layers. This lets us integrate LED links into a commercial place-and-route tool, which treats them as electrical cells and wires for the most part, reducing design effort. We also add support for automated replacement of electrical nets with LED links. We find that LED-interconnect based designs substantially lower energy consumption vs. electrical copper wires (~39% reduction in the Network-on-Chip, ~27% reduction within a processor core) while achieving the same latency and bandwidth, demonstrating the promise of LED on-chip interconnects.
Newly Developed Liver-Retraction Method for Laparoscopic Gastric Surgery Using a Silicone Disc: The Φ-Shaped Technique (2013)

Saeki, Hiroshi MD; Oki, Eiji MD; Kawano, Hiroyuki MD; Ando, Koji MD; Ida, Satoshi MD; Kimura, Yasue MD; Morita, Masaru MD; Kusumoto, Tetsuya MD; Ikeda, Tetsuo MD; Maehara, Yoshihiko MD Author Information
Direct numerical simulation of drag reduction in a turbulent channel flow using spanwise traveling wave-like wall deformation (2013)

Drag reduction effects by a spanwise traveling wave of wall deformation in a turbulent channel flow are investigated by means of direct numerical simulation. The flow rate is kept constant at the bulk Reynolds number of Reb = 5600. A parametric study is performed by varying three parameters of the wave (i.e., the amplitude, the wavenumber, and the phase speed). Within the range of parameters investigated, the maximum drag reduction rate and the maximum net energy saving rate are found to be 13.4% and 12.2%, respectively. The drag reduction rate is found to be reasonably scaled by a product of the magnitude of the induced velocity and the thickness of the Stokes layer. An analysis using the FIK identity [K. Fukagata, K. Iwamoto, and N. Kasagi, “Contribution of Reynolds stress distribution to the skin friction in wall-bounded flows,” Phys. Fluids 14, L73 (2002)] with a three-component decomposition reveals that the drag reduction is mainly attributed to a decrease in the random component of the Reynolds shear stress. The turbulence statistics are investigated in detail and the drag reduction mechanism is explained by the induced spanwise flow due to the traveling wave rather than the riblet-like geometric structure. Although the amount of drag reduction rate is comparable to that of the conventional riblets, the quasi-streamwise vortices are found to be suppressed even when the spanwise wavelength is larger than the typical diameter of quasi-streamwise vortices.
A Generic QoS Infrastructure for Grid Web Services (2006)

QoS support to ensure timeliness of results is a key requirement for applications that rely on Grid services for computationally demanding tasks. In this paper we present a generic Grid infrastructure based on standard Web Services which provides flexible application-level QoS support, addressing the special requirements of time-critical Grid applications. We describe the provision of parallel applications as QoS-aware Grid services, which are capable of dynamically negotiating with clients QoS guarantees for response time and price in the form of Web Service Level Agreements. The presented techniques have been implemented within the Vienna Grid Environment and utilized in the context of the EU project GEMSS for the development of Grid-enabled medical simulation services.
E2F1 Overexpression Correlates with Thymidylate Synthase and Survivin Gene Expressions and Tumor Proliferation in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2007)

The present study revealed that E2F1 gene expression correlates with TS and Survivin gene expressions and tumor proliferation. During the progression of NSCLC, E2F1 overexpression could produce more aggressive tumors with a high proliferation rate and chemoresistance.
Practical Solutions for Treating Laundry Infested With <I>Cimex lectularius</I> (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) (2010)

The common bed bug, Cimex lectularius (L.) (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) is known to become associated, from time to time, with clothing or linen. In such locations, it may escape insecticide treatment, and may be carried to new locations. We test the suggestion that laundering is sufficient to kill all life stages and thus help prevent reinfestation and dispersion. We establish minimum temperatures for washing and minimum temperatures and times for tumble-drying, as well as testing cold soaking, dry cleaning, and freezing as alternative strategies for delicate items. Data loggers were used to confirm temperature settings and monitor temperature changes during the treatments. Adult bed bugs, nymphs, and eggs were sealed into small, permeable cotton pouches, which were then placed into garments of clothing. Washing at 60 degrees C was found to be effective against all life stages, as was tumble drying on a hot cycle (>40 degrees C) for at least 30 min, dry cleaning with perchloroethylene, and freezing at -17 degrees C for at least 2 h. Using data loggers it was also shown that 2.5 kg of loosely packed, dry laundry takes approximately 8 h to reach -17 degrees C. Soaking for 24 h in detergent-free water was found to be effective against active stages but had no effect on eggs.
Utilization Management in the Small Group Insurance Market (1989)

Small businesses are the most rapidly growing segment of the economy, providing one half of all jobs in the United States. The health insurance industry must address issues which are unique to this market. The health insurance product for small businesses must have simple administration for the owners and easy access to quality medical care for the employees. Small businesses have been adversely affected by the high cost of health care. Numerous studies have shown that a major factor contributing to the high cost of health care is inappropriate and unnecessary utilization of health care. Until recently, techniques of utilization management have been difficult to adapt to the small group market. The Celtic Life Insurance Company has been using a managed care fee for service arrangement for the past three years. Celtic has been able to tailor a program for small businesses and maintain complete administrative coordination, instead of contracting with a private utilization review company. Our program maintains freedom of choice of providers and easy access to health care, without limiting access to specialists. Cost containment features have assisted insureds in selecting appropriate health care, in the appropriate setting while not interfering with the doctor-patient relationship.
Role of the Immune Response in Age-Dependent Resistance of Mice to Encephalitis Due to Sindbis Virus (1976)

One- to eight-week-old mice were studied after subcutaneous inoculation of Sindbis virus. Local replication at the site of inoculation, transient viremia, and invasion of the brain were found in mice of all ages, although the quantities of virus were greater in younger mice. Death occurred in 100% of one-week-old mice, 28% of two-week-old mice, and none of the mice four weeks old or older. Pathologic examination of the brains on day 7 after infection revealed a mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate in all mice, with evidence of necrosis in the youngest. Neutralizing antibody was present by day 3 and reached high titers by day 6 in all age groups. Specific stimulation of cells from the draining lymph node by Sindbis virus antigen was also demonstrable by day 6 in all groups. There was no evidence for a primary role of humoral or cellular immune responses in the age-dependent resistance of mice to infection with Sindbis virus.