gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ectromelia virus RING finger protein is localized in virus factories and is required for virus replication in macrophages (1995)

We have previously described a gene of ectromelia virus (EV) that codes for a 28-kDa RING zinc finger-containing protein (p28) that is nonessential for virus growth in cell culture but is critical for EV pathogenicity in mice (T. G. Senkevich, E. V. Koonin, and R. M. L. Buller, Virology 198:118-128; 1994). Here, we show that, unlike all tested cell cultures, the expression of p28 is required for in vitro replication of EV in murine resident peritoneal macrophages. In macrophages infected with the p28- mutant, viral DNA replication was not detected, whereas the synthesis of at least two early proteins was observed. Immunofluorescence and biochemical analyses showed that in EV-infected macrophages or BSC-1 cells, p28 is associated with virus factories. By use of a vaccinia virus expression system to examine different truncated versions of p28, it was shown that the disruption of the specific structure of the RING domain had no influence on the intracellular localization of this protein. When viral DNA replication was inhibited with cytosine arabinoside, p28 was found in distinct, focal structures that may be precursors to the factories. We hypothesize that in macrophages, which are highly specialized, nondividing cells, p28 substitutes for an unknown cellular factor(s) that may be required for viral DNA replication or a stage of virus reproduction between the expression of early genes and the onset of DNA synthesis. In the absence of p28, the attenuation of EV pathogenicity can be explained by a failure of the virus to replicate in macrophage lineage cells at all successive steps in the spread of virus from the skin to its target organ, the liver.
Unbiased Monte Carlo Estimation of the Reciprocal of an Integral (2007)

AbstractA method to provide an unbiased Monte Carlo estimate of the reciprocal of an integral is described. In Monte Carlo transport calculations, one often uses a single sample as an estimate of an integral. This paper shows that a similar situation exists with respect to a single sample for an unbiased estimate of the reciprocal of an integral. If an appropriate approximation to the integrand is known, then obtaining a single unbiased estimate of the reciprocal of an integral will not be much more time consuming than obtaining a single unbiased estimate of the integral itself.
Fuzzy partition models and their effect in continuous speech recognition (2003)

Fuzzy partition models (FPMs) with multiple input-output units were applied to continuous speech recognition, and the use of automatic incremental training was evaluated. After initial training using word data, phrase recognition rates of 72.7% and 66.9% were obtained for an FPM and a TDNN (time-delay neural network), respectively. After incremental training, the phrase recognition rates improved to 86.3% and 78.4%, respectively. The FPMs provided more accurate segmentation after incremental training. The experiments determined that better phoneme segmentation provides greater improvement in phrase recognition. Incremental training also significantly improves recognition performance. As FPMs can be trained rapidly, various applications using large-scale training data are also possible.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Efecto cicatrizante de extracto fluido de hojas de Siempreviva (2001)

Resumen De la planta Bryophyllum pinnata (siempreviva) se reporta en el FITOMED efectos no probados, pues aunque las especies cubanas nohan sido estudiadas la poblacion refiere de ellas posibles efectos curativos sobre lesiones de la piel, accion antiinflamatoria , etc. Este trabajotiene como objetivo indagar sobre el efecto cicatrizante del extracto fluido de las hojas de dicha planta sobre la cicatrizacio n de heridasabiertas en ratas de 8 semanas de nacidas. Se pudo constatar que el extracto fluido con 4,5 % de solidos totales favorece el pr oceso de lacicatrizacion.DeCS: EXTRACTOS VEGETALES/uso terapeutico; MEDICINA HERBARIA; PLANTAS MEDICINALES; CICATRIZACION DEHERIDAS/efecto de drogas; RATAS DE CEPAS CONSANGUINEAS; ANIMALES DE LABORATORIO. Summary Non-demonstrated effects of Bryophyllum pinnata (Siempreviva) have been reported at FITOMED, since the population refers to itspotential curative effects on skin lesions, antiinflammatory action, etc., in spite of the fact that the Cuban species have not been studied yet.The main goal of this paper is to investigate the effect of the fluid extract obtained from the leaves of this plant on open wo und healing in8-week-old rats. It was proved that the fluid extract with 4,5 % of total solids favours the healing process.Subject headings: PLANT EXTRACTS/therapeutic use; MEDICINE, HERBAL; PLANTS, MEDICINAL; WOUND HEALING/drugeffects; RATS, INBRED STRAINS; ANIMALS, LABORATORY.
Streptococcus-Zebrafish Model of Bacterial Pathogenesis (2002)

Due to its small size, rapid generation time, powerful genetic systems, and genomic resources, the zebrafish has emerged as an important model of vertebrate development and human disease. Its well-developed adaptive and innate cellular immune systems make the zebrafish an ideal model for the study of infectious diseases. With a natural and important pathogen of fish, Streptococcus iniae, we have established a streptococcus- zebrafish model of bacterial pathogenesis. Following injection into the dorsal muscle, zebrafish developed a lethal infection, with a 50% lethal dose of 10(3) CFU, and died within 2 to 3 days. The pathogenesis of infection resembled that of S. iniae in farmed fish populations and that of several important human streptococcal diseases and was characterized by an initial focal necrotic lesion that rapidly progressed to invasion of the pathogen into all major organ systems, including the brain. Zebrafish were also susceptible to infection by the human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes. However, disease was characterized by a marked absence of inflammation, large numbers of extracellular streptococci in the dorsal muscle, and extensive myonecrosis that occurred far in advance of any systemic invasion. The genetic systems available for streptococci, including a novel method of mutagenesis which targets genes whose products are exported, were used to identify several mutants attenuated for virulence in zebrafish. This combination of a genetically amenable pathogen with a well-defined vertebrate host makes the streptococcus-zebrafish model of bacterial pathogenesis a powerful model for analysis of infectious disease.
SLOW-SPEED TWO-STROKE DIESEL ENGINE TESTS USING COAL-BASED FUELS (1981)

This paper describes recent performance tests of a diesel engine on coal-based fuels. The test fuels included two coal-derived liquids, a coal/oil slurry and a coal/water slurry. The concept of a coal-fueled diesel engine is not new. Direct combustion of coal dust and other dry fuels in diesel engines was investigated extensively in Germany prior to 1940. A number of small-scale experiments have also been performed in the United States since 1945. The present tests were run in a slow-speed two-stroke engine of the type used extensively for marine propulsion applications. Performance data are presented for each of the coal-based test fuels and compared with diesel fuel operation.
Digital diary system for fishery and applications of fishery management (2012)

To assist coastal fisheries, we have been working to utilize IT. This paper reports on sea cucumber resource management using a digital diary system that we have developed. At Rumoi, which is located in western Hokkaido, fishing for sea cucumber is carried out in the summer each year by dredge net fishing. Although fishing for sea cucumber has been conducted for over 30 years, since 2003 the price of sea cucumber has risen sharply due to growing demand in China, and there are concerns over sea cucumber depletion due to the rapid increase in catch sizes. During the fishing seasons from 2007 to 2009, we estimated resource amounts by using the swept area method by fitting data loggers that record GPS position information to 3 vessels from among the total of 16 sea cucumber dredge net fishing vessels in Rumoi and matched the vessel trajectories with fishing diaries written in notepads by the fishers. The results showed that sea cucumber resources were decreasing year by year. We then developed a real-time fishery resource management system with the aim of allowing the fishers themselves to perform autonomous resource management by using estimates of the resource amount. The system consists of a digital diary system and a vessel monitoring system. Both of these system components are connected to the Internet via mobile phone lines, with fishing operation information and catch information from the digital diary system and position information from the vessel monitoring system collected on a server in real time. In 2012, the fishery resource management system was installed on all 16 vessels, with real-time resource estimates carried out on a weekly basis. The fishers worked toward autonomous resource management where they decided the resource amount to leave behind, and used the difference from the estimated resource amount as the permissible catch limit for that year. Furthermore, the sharing of position information using the vessel monitoring system enabled efficient utilization of the fishing grounds and coordination of fishing operations. The fishers closed the fishing season early based on variations in the catch per unit effort that was updated in real time as an indicator. These results show that the sea cucumber resource amount was maintained and demonstrate the usefulness of the developed real-time fishery resource management system.
Calligraphies V (2018)

Calligraphies V Marilyn Hacker (bio) Late fall, near midnight,walking home alone from aloquacious dinner, I saw, heard, cop cars, sirens,thought: There's a big fire somewhere. Japanese touristsdescend from buses now, takeattack-site selfies. Illegal demonstrations.Terrorism: déjà vu. * Déjà vu, hard rainafter unseasonableblue bright mornings. You Google whom you once loved:wedding photo at fifty, face, body, thickened,shrunk, out of your fantasies.And what would you say [End Page 15] who said so much once overthose neutral restaurant tables? * Winter's not neutral:damp infiltrates bronchialpassages. You've coughed since that Burgundy Christmaspneumonia, twenty years past. But light's coming back.But a medical studentblew himself up in a square in Sultanahmetwhere you've been a tourist too. * She's been arguing,she's fed up with rhetoric,easy amalgams. You dip bread in olive oil,then dip it in the za'atar. Back from Geneva,with comrades at peace talks thataren't going to happen — You proofread her news-brief, seehow her frayed shirt is ripping. * [End Page 16] Attention frayingin late afternoon light, soonday will be done, not the work incumbent on it— whatever that might have been– Gnarls of an old textin the other alphabet:can I unknot them, reweave a mirror fabricof the unraveled phrases? * A day unravelsthat she, he, they spent waitingin line in rain in administrative limboor the emergency room. Are you immigrantsor political exilesor refugees? Words with different valences insubliminal translation. * Liminal space whereexiles with dictionarieslose themselves: barzakh, [End Page 17] Arabic isthmus, the spanfrom death to resurrection in Farsi: limbo,where Socrates murmurs tounbaptized babies in contrapuntal cognatesthey hear fardous, paradise. * Infantile, senile,when I read out loud I stop,stammer and stutter then pronounce everything wrong.An illiterate lover worse than the peasantaccents of emigrants whoreturn years later to the villages where theirmothers did not learn to read. * My mother would readto me- fables, fairy tales—until the day I said I could read them myself,and I did. I was three. [End Page 18] My mother would readmy notebooks, search desk drawerswhile I was at school. I had to tear up and flushmy revolts down the toilet. * Down the rain-splashed street,try not to keep your eyes downwhile the sky weighs down on the wrong side of winter.You don't forget you aren't young. Still, there's arrival—the desposeidos' priestmakes time for welcome, more liminal narrativesover midnight bacalão. [End Page 19] Marilyn Hacker Marilyn Hacker is the author of thirteen books of poems, including A Stranger's Mirror (Norton) and Names (Norton), and an essay collection, Unauthorized Voices (Michigan). Her translations from the French include Marie Etienne's King of a Hundred Horsemen (Farrar Strauss and Giroux), which received the PEN Award for Poetry in Translation and Emmanuel Moses's Preludes and Fugues (Oberlin). For her own work, she received the PEN Voelcker Award for poetry. She lives in Paris. Copyright © 2018 University of Nebraska Press
Evaluation of Mineral-Based Additives as Sorbents for Hazardous Trace Metal Capture and Immobilization in Incineration Processes (1996)

Considerable interest exists in the use of mineral-based sorbents for capturing and retaining hazardous constituent trace metals in the incineration process. The suitability of six minerals, silica, diatomaceous earth, kaolin, bauxite, alumina and attapulgite clay, as potential sorbents for the capture and immobilization of trace metals was evaluated. The behavior of five trace metals, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead and nickel was tested. The first five minerals constitute a spectrum of alumino-silicate compounds ranging from pure SiO2 (silica) to pure Al2O3 (alumina). The sixth mineral, attapulgite clay, is primarily a magnesium hydroxide-silicate compound with alumina as an impurity. It has frequently been used in trace metal related test programs at the Incineration Research Facility (IRF) as a carrier of metals and organics in blended synthetic waste streams. The objective of this test program was to evaluate the candidate sorbents with respect to: - the degree to which they facilitate retention of the trace metals in the sorbent - the degree to which they retain trace metals in the sorbent when subjected to TCLP extraction Bench-scale tests were conducted in the IRF's thermal treatability unit (TTU). The test matrix was defined by varying: - mineral (sorbent) type - treatment temperature; treatment temperatures of 540°, 700°, and 870°C were tested - chlorine concentration in the feed; 0 and 4 percent by weight chlorine in the feed were tested Given the preliminary nature of the tests the results must be viewed qualitatively. Nevertheless, overall trends indicate that under specific conditions, varying for each mineral, all of the mineral sorbents showed promise in limiting metal vaporization, and or TCLP leachability. Combining the dual criteria of limiting metal vaporization and reducing leachability, kaolin and attapulgite clay appear to have the greatest promise as potential sorbents.
Gonadal dysfunction in adult men with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (1980)

Two adult males are described with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21-hydroxylase deficiency). Patient 1 was receiving therapy with cortisone acetate and presented with clinical features of glucocorticoid excess and uncontrolled adrenal androgen activity. It was established that the short-acting steroid which the patient was receiving was cleared so rapidly that endogenous ACTH secretion was not inhibited. Patient 2 presented with enlarged and painful testes in association with poor compliance with corticosteroid therapy. The histologic picture of the testis was compatible with 'Leydig cell hyperplasia'. However, successful response to dexamethasone therapy suggests that the testes harboured an adrenal rest. These observations highlight the need for careful follow-up and treatment of adult male patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
A Domain Shared by the <i>Polycomb</i> Group Proteins Scm and ph Mediates Heterotypic and Homotypic Interactions (1997)

The Sex comb on midleg (Scm) and polyhomeotic (ph) proteins are members of the Polycomb group (PcG) of transcriptional repressors. PcG proteins maintain differential patterns of homeotic gene expression during development in Drosophila flies. The Scm and ph proteins share a homology domain with 38% identity over a length of 65 amino acids, termed the SPM domain, that is located at their respective C termini. Using the yeast two-hybrid system and in vitro protein-binding assays, we show that the SPM domain mediates direct interaction between Scm and ph. Binding studies with isolated SPM domains from Scm and ph show that the domain is sufficient for these protein interactions. These studies also show that the Scm-ph and Scm-Scm domain interactions are much stronger than the ph-ph domain interaction, indicating that the isolated domain has intrinsic binding specificity determinants. Analysis of site-directed point mutations identifies residues that are important for SPM domain function. These binding properties, predicted alpha-helical secondary structure, and conservation of hydrophobic residues prompt comparisons of the SPM domain to the helix-loop-helix and leucine zipper domains used for homotypic and heterotypic protein interactions in other transcriptional regulators. In addition to in vitro studies, we show colocalization of the Scm and ph proteins at polytene chromosome sites in vivo. We discuss the possible roles of the SPM domain in the assembly or function of molecular complexes of PcG proteins.
Maximum likelihood estimation of covariance parameters for Bayesian atmospheric trace gas surface flux inversions (2005)

This paper introduces a Maximum Likelihood (ML) approach for estimating the statistical parameters required for the covariance matrices used in the solution of Bayesian inverse problems aimed at estimating surface fluxes of atmospheric trace gases. The method offers an objective methodology for populating the covariance matrices required in Bayesian inversions, thereby resulting in better estimates of the uncertainty associated with derived fluxes and minimizing the risk of inversions being biased by unrealistic covariance parameters. In addition, a method is presented for estimating the uncertainty associated with these covariance parameters. The ML method is demonstrated using a typical inversion setup with 22 flux regions and 75 observation stations from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration‐Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (NOAA‐CMDL) Cooperative Air Sampling Network with available monthly averaged carbon dioxide data. Flux regions and observation locations are binned according to various characteristics, and the variances of the model‐data mismatch and of the errors associated with the a priori flux distribution are estimated from the available data.
Adrenomedullin inhibits feeding in the rat by a mechanism involving calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors. (1996)

The central effect of adrenomedullin on feeding was investigated in fasted rats. After intracerebroventricular administration, adrenomedullin decreased 2-h food intake in a dose-dependent manner. A dose of 1.7 nmol adrenomedullin decreased 2-h food intake by 57%. Adrenomedullin shares sequence homology with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a central anorectic agent, and binding sites for both are present in the hypothalamus. Adrenomedullin competed for [125I]adrenomedullin- and [125I]CGRP-binding sites in hypothalamic membranes. The Kd for the [125I]adrenomedullin-binding site was 0.54 +/- 0.07 nM, with a binding capacity of 214 +/- 27 fmol/mg membrane protein (n = 3). CGRP and the CGRP receptor antagonist CGRP-(8-37) at concentrations up to 1 microM did not compete at these sites. The Kd for the CGRP-binding site was 0.10 +/- 0.02 nM, with a binding capacity of 250 +/- 31 fmol/mg, and the Ki values for adrenomedullin and CGRP-(8-37) were 4.6 +/- 2.1 and 4.0 +/- 1.6 nM, respectively (n = 3). Thus, adrenomedullin showed high affinity binding at both adrenomedullin- and CGRP-binding sites. To establish whether adrenomedullin reduces feeding via CGRP receptors, we coadministered adrenomedullin (1.7 nmol) and CGRP-(8-37) (30 nmol). The reduction in 2-h food intake induced by adrenomedullin was 50% inhibited by CGRP-(8-37). These results show that adrenomedullin decreases food intake in the rat, and this effect is mediated at least in part via CGRP receptors.
Lectin histochemistry of galactose and <i>N</i>‐acetyl‐galactosamine glycoconjugates in normal gastric mucosa and gastric cancer and the relationship with ABO and secretor status (1986)

The histochemical binding of four lectin-peroxidase conjugates to normal human gastric mucosa and gastric carcinoma is described. The lectins were peanut agglutinin (PNA) which is specific for galactose residues and soy bean agglutinin (SBA), Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) and Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) which are specific for N-acetylgalactosamine. Binding of PNA to surface mucous cells or normal gastric mucosa occurred in non-secretors but not secretors and was independent of ABO blood group at all sites. PNA binding was unrelated to the immunohistochemical demonstration of Thomsen-Friedenreich (T) antigen. DBA and HPA bound selectively to surface mucous cells in normal gastric mucosa from group A secretors but binding at other sites was independent of ABO status. SBA binding showed no relationship with blood group or secretor status. In gastric cancers the major finding was the occurrence of extensive masking of lectin binding sites by sialic acid which was not seen in normal mucosa. Sialic acid masking was most marked with PNA and least marked with DBA. There was no correlation between lectin binding patterns and the stage or differentiation of tumours. Results are consistent with in vitro studies demonstrating increased sialation of membrane glycoproteins following malignant transformation. Difficulties in interpreting the histochemical demonstration of lectin binding in terms of specific glycoconjugates are discussed.
Signal Peptide-Dependent Protein Transport in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> : a Genome-Based Survey of the Secretome (2000)

One of the most salient features of Bacillus subtilis and related bacilli is their natural capacity to secrete a variety of proteins into their environment, frequently to high concentrations. This has led to the commercial exploitation of bacilli as major "cell factories" for secreted enzymes. The recent sequencing of the genome of B. subtilis has provided major new impulse for analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying protein secretion by this organism. Most importantly, the genome sequence has allowed predictions about the composition of the secretome, which includes both the pathways for protein transport and the secreted proteins. The present survey of the secretome describes four distinct pathways for protein export from the cytoplasm and approximately 300 proteins with the potential to be exported. By far the largest number of exported proteins are predicted to follow the major "Sec" pathway for protein secretion. In contrast, the twin-arginine translocation "Tat" pathway, a type IV prepilin-like export pathway for competence development, and ATP-binding cassette transporters can be regarded as "special-purpose" pathways, through which only a few proteins are transported. The properties of distinct classes of amino-terminal signal peptides, directing proteins into the various protein transport pathways, as well as the major components of each pathway are discussed. The predictions and comparisons in this review pinpoint important differences as well as similarities between protein transport systems in B. subtilis and other well-studied organisms, such as Escherichia coli and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Thus, they may serve as a lead for future research and applications.