gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY, UV-RESISTANT, WATER-BORNE ANTICORROSION PAINTS (2001)

Organic solvent-borne primers and topcoats are used extensively for the protection of structural steel, both in new construction and in maintenance work. However, growing environmental pressure to reduce organic solvent usage is focusing more attention on the development of water-borne coatings. This article deals with the development of a latex binder that can be used to formulate one-pack water-borne anticorrosion paints. In this binder, a hydrophobic, highly-branched substituted vinyl ester monomer is copolymerized with acrylic monomers. The properties of resistance to hydrolysis and hydrophobicity make the vinyl esters especially suitable for high-performance latices (HPLs). These HPLs are, therefore, potential candidates for protective as well as decorative coatings. The work described herein demonstrates that the inclusion of vinyl ester in acrylic binders improves the performance of the polymers by enhancing hydrophobic character. The resulting polymer shows adequate water repellency and barrier properties when formulated in anticorrosion primers, and the promising salt spray results observed, combined with the UV resistance, might open various possibilities for these HPL binders, such as one-coat anticorrosion paints.
Development of Continuous Line Scanning System Prototype for Proton Beam Therapy (2017)

The performance of our new CLSS was confirmed to comply with clinical requirements. We have been employing it in prostate cancer treatments since October 23, 2015.
Does the guinea‐pig ileum obey the ‘law of the intestine’? (1999)

1. We report the first simultaneous mechanical reflex responses of the longitudinal muscle (LM) and circular muscle (CM) layers of the guinea-pig ileum following mucosal stimulation and distension in vitro. 2. Dissection techniques were used to prevent mechanical interaction between the LM and CM layers both oral and anal to a stimulus site. 3. All graded stimuli produced graded contractions of both the LM and CM orally and anally to the stimulus. Contractions occurred synchronously in the LM and CM and under no circumstances were inhibitory responses recorded in either muscle layer, despite the presence of ongoing cholinergic tone in both the LM and CM. Contractions were abolished by tetrodotoxin (1.6 microM). 4. Local brush stroking of the mucosa evoked a peristaltic wave which readily conducted distally over 13 cm, without the presence of fluid in the lumen. No descending relaxation was observed. 5. Apamin (300 nM) disrupted evoked peristaltic waves and significantly increased the rate-of-rise of the LM and CM contractions anal to a stimulus, and the LM oral to a stimulus. 6. Nomega-nitro-L-arginine (100 microM), a nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor, had no overall significant effect on the characteristics of the LM and CM contractions, although on occasion an enhancement in their peak amplitude was noted. 7. It is suggested that the guinea-pig ileum does not conform to the 'law of the intestine' as postulated by Bayliss & Starling (1899). Rather, local physiological stimulation of the ileum elicits a contraction both orally and anally to a stimulus, which occurs synchronously in both the CM and LM layers. Apamin-sensitive inhibitory neurotransmission modulates the rate-of-rise of the anal contraction of the CM, possibly to generate distal propulsion.
Concise Total Asymmetric Synthesis of (S)-2-Phenylpiperidin-3-one (2009)

Starting from readily available dihydropyridinones, we have developed the first synthesis of (S)-2-phenylpiperidin-3-one. While the scaffold appears relatively common, even in its racemic form, this original product can be considered as a potential precursor of substance P antagonist.
18.1 A 1.7-to-2.2GHz full-duplex transceiver system with >50dB self-interference cancellation over 42MHz bandwidth (2017)

Full-duplex (FD) radio communication potentially doubles the spectral efficiency in the densely occupied RF spectrum (100MHz to 5GHz). However, significant challenges remain, particularly the presence of a strong transmitter (TX) self-interference (SI) coupling to the receiver (RX). Numerous recent efforts on mitigating SI have focused on using active cancellation techniques [1-5]. However, these methods are challenged by either a degradation in noise performance [2], high power consumption [1,4], large silicon area [5], the inability to adequately cancel a high-output-power TX signal [3-4], or achieve a relatively narrow cancellation bandwidth [3,5]. Moreover, other sources of SI are presented to the RX, including the effects of (1) in-band TX thermal noise, which can exceed the RX noise floor, (2) the RX LO phase noise (PN), which reciprocally mixes with SI, further degrading the C/I ratio. This paper presents several circuit-level techniques, which contribute toward reducing the interaction between the TX and RX in FD radios.
Affective property evaluation of virtual product designs (2004)

In addition to the intended functionality of the product, its affective properties (or Kansei) have emerged as important evaluation criteria for the successful marketing of the product. Recently, virtual reality systems have been suggested as an ideal platform for affective analysis of an evolving design because of among other things, the natural style of interaction they offer when examining the product. In this paper, we compare the effectiveness of three types of virtual environments for evaluating the affective properties of mobile phones to that of the real. Each virtual environment offers different degrees of realism in terms of visual, aural, and tactile aspects. Our experiment has shown that the virtual affective evaluation results correlated very highly with that of the real, and but no statistically significant difference could be found between the three systems. This finding was contrary to our initial thought and the conventional notion that the characteristics of immersive virtual reality systems would contribute to making it a better platform for virtual evaluation of product designs. Thus, it goes to say that employing immersive systems is not necessarily cost effective solution for affective analysis of product designs (desktop VR system suffices).
Shape Estimation of Transparent Objects by Using Inverse Polarization Ray Tracing (2007)

Few methods have been proposed to measure three-dimensional shapes of transparent objects such as those made of glass and acrylic. In this paper, we propose a novel method for estimating the surface shapes of transparent objects by analyzing the polarization state of the light. Existing methods do not fully consider the reflection, refraction, and transmission of the light occurring inside a transparent object. We employ a polarization raytracing method to compute both the path of the light and its polarization state. Polarization raytracing is a combination of conventional raytracing, which calculates the trajectory of light rays, and Mueller calculus, which calculates the polarization state of the light. First, we set an initial value of the shape of the transparent object. Then, by changing the shape, the method minimizes the difference between the input polarization data and the rendered polarization data calculated by polarization raytracing. Finally, after the iterative computation is converged, the shape of the object is obtained. We also evaluate the method by measuring some real transparent objects.
Methyl CpG-Binding Protein 2 (a Mutation of Which Causes Rett Syndrome) Directly Regulates Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 in Mouse and Human Brains (2007)

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a major neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by mental retardation and autistic behavior. Mutation of the MeCP2 gene, encoding methyl CpG-binding protein 2, causes the disease. The pathomechanism by which MeCP2 dysfunction leads to the RTT phenotype has not been elucidated. We found that MeCP2 directly regulates expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) gene in human and mouse brains. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that the IGFBP3 promoter contained an MeCP2 binding site. IGFBP3 overexpression was observed in the brains of mecp2-null mice and human RTT patients using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses. Moreover, mecp2-null mice showed a widely distributed and increased number of IGFBP3-positive cells in the cerebral cortex, whereas wild-type mice at the same age showed fewer IGFBP3-positive cells. These results suggest that IGFBP3 is a downstream gene regulated by MeCP2 and that the previously reported BDNF and DLX5 genes and MeCP2 may contribute directly to the transcriptional expression of IGFBP3 in the brain. Interestingly, the pathologic features of mecp2-null mice have some similarities to those of IGFBP3-transgenic mice, which show a reduction of early postnatal growth. IGFBP3 overexpression due to lack of MeCP2 may lead to delayed brain maturation.
Adhesive, Flexible, and Robust Polysaccharide Nanosheets Integrated for Tissue‐Defect Repair (2009)

Abstract Recent developments in nanotechnology have led to a method for producing free‐standing polymer nanosheets as a macromolecular organization. Compared with bulk films, the large aspect ratio of such nanosheets leads to unique physical properties, such as transparency, noncovalent adhesion, and high flexibility. Here, a biomedical application of polymer nanosheets consisting of biocompatible and biodegradable polysaccharides is reported. Micro‐scratch and bulge tests indicate that the nanosheets with a thickness of tens of nanometers have sufficient physical adhesiveness and mechanical strength for clinical use. A nanosheet of 75 nm thickness, a critical load of 9.1 × 10 4 N m −1 , and an elastic modulus of 9.6 GPa is used for the minimally invasive repair of a visceral pleural defect in beagle dogs without any pleural adhesion caused by wound repair. For the first time, clinical benefits of sheet‐type nano‐biomaterials based on molecular organization are demonstrated, suggesting that novel therapeutic tools for overlapping tissue wounds will be possible without the need for conventional surgical interventions.
Physical Processes Involved in Production of the Ancient Pigment, Egyptian Blue (2006)

Egyptian blue, which was the first synthetic pigment to be used in antiquity, consists of crystals of calcium‐copper tetrasilicate (i.e. cuprorivaite (CaCuSi 4 O 10 )). The physical processes associated with the formation of Egyptian blue were investigated by high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction measurements on synthetic mixtures of quartz, malachite, and calcium carbonate. The high‐brilliance, high‐energy radiation ID15B beamline at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility was necessary to ensure good time/temperature resolution, penetration, and high‐quality data. The results established that the Egyptian blue crystals are formed through nucleation and growth within a liquid or glass phase, even for mixtures with an alkali content as low as 0.3 wt% soda. Furthermore, the microstructures observed in a scanning electron microscope indicated the ancient Egyptian blue pigments were produced from mixtures containing several weight percent of alkali.
Fundamental limits on energy transfer and circuit considerations for piezoelectric transformers (2002)

This work investigates fundamental limits on the electromechanical energy conversion capacity of piezoelectric transformers by considering a work cycle analysis. Fundamental limitations are imposed by maximum electric field strength, maximum surface charge density, maximum stress and maximum strain. The authors' analysis indicates that the mechanical stress limit is the effective constraint in typical PZT materials. For a specific PZT-5H sample considered, a mechanical stress-limited work cycle indicates that this material can handle 330 W/cm/sup 3/ at 100 kHz. The theory of operation of soft-switching resonant drive circuitry is then discussed. Experimental results on a soft-switching inverter incorporating no magnetic components are reported.
A CMOS analog front-end IC for DMT ADSL (1999)

Asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) technology meets the need for high-bandwidth communications to the home utilizing the existing twisted-pair copper. In an ADSL modem, noise and linearity of the analog front end (AFE) are critical to the data rate achievable over the longest lines (up to and above 18 kfeet of AWG24 wire) and hence the fraction of installed lines over which ADSL service can be deployed. In multitone ADSL, dynamic linearity throughout the band determines modem capacity. This highly-integrated CMOS AFE is compatible with both the full ADSL T1E1.413 DMT standard and the emerging G.lite standard, and achieves 14 b linearity in both RX and TX paths and input-referred noise better than -160 dBm/Hz, from a single 5.0 V supply. These noise and linearity specifications are necessary for an ADSL modem to operate at 1.5 Mb/s on the longest lines and reach >90% of installed copper connections.
An ambipolar organic field-effect transistor using oligothiophene incorporated with two [60]fullerenes (2004)

A solution-processed ambipolar organic field-effect transistor using [60]fullerene attached oligothiophene films was successfully fabricated.
THP-1 Leukemia Cancer Treatment Using a Portable Plasma Device (2012)

This research study examined the effect of non-thermal portable atmospheric air plasma system on leukemia cancer cells. Acute monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1) were exposed to atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma. To assess death caused by plasma exposure, cells were subjected to trypan blue exclusion assays and a kill-curve and assessment of death overtime were compiled using data from the assays. In addition to this, DNA was harvested from treated and untreated samples to determine if apoptotic ladders were present. Results have indicated that non-thermal plasma can cause cell death in THP-1 cells overtime, and the death that occurs corresponds directly to the amount of time that the cells were exposed to ionized plasma. Preliminary fluorescent imaging of the treated cells revealed that higher treatment doses are not only more likely to induce cellular death but are likely to induce necrotic death, while lower treatment doses that are capable of inducing death may induce apoptotic or programmed cellular death. Ideally the results obtained from these experiments will allow for further investigation of the effects of ionized non-thermal plasma on melanoma cell lines and will lead to an inexpensive method for treating early stage skin cancer and cancerous lesions.
TWO SATURABLE ABSORBERS FOR EXTENDING THE WAVELENGTH LIMITS OF A PASSIVELY <i>Q</i>-SWITCHED CO2 LASER (1969)

The discovery of two new passive Q-switching agents for use in the CO2 laser is reported. These gases, chlorotrifluoroethylene and difluorodichloromethane, permit extension of the range of wavelengths over which the passively Q-switched CO2 laser can be operated. Saturation intensities and small signal absorption coefficients were measured for these gases.
Targeting the insulin-like growth factor pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma (2014)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Only 30%-40% of the patients with HCC are eligible for curative treatments, which include surgical resection as the first option, liver transplantation and percutaneous ablation. Unfortunately, there is a high frequency of tumor recurrence after surgical resection and most HCC seem resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Sorafenib, a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is the only chemotherapeutic option for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients treated with Sorafenib have a significant increase in overall survival of about three months. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop alternative treatments. Due to its role in cell growth and development, the insulin-like growth factor system is commonly deregulated in many cancers. Indeed, the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis has recently emerged as a potential target for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment. To this aim, several inhibitors of the pathway have been developed such as monoclonal antibodies, small molecules, antisense oligonucleotides or small interfering RNAs. However recent studies suggest that, unlike most tumors, HCC development requires increased signaling through insulin growth factor II rather than insulin growth factor I. This may have great implications in the future treatment of HCC. This review summarizes the role of the IGF axis in liver carcinogenesis and the current status of the strategies designed to target the IGF-I signaling pathway for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.
Age-related alterations in hippocampal spines and deficiencies in spatial memory in mice (2006)

Alterations in neuronal morphology occur in the brain during normal aging, but vary depending on neuronal cell types and brain regions. Such alterations have been related to memory and cognitive impairment. Changes in hippocampal spine densities are thought to represent a morphological correlate of altered brain functions associated with hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. We therefore have analyzed the impact of aging on different hippocampal-dependent learning tasks and on changes in dendritic spines of CA1 hippocampal and dentate gyrus neurons by analyzing adult (6-7 months) and aged (21-22 months) C57/Bl6 mice. We found a significant decrease in spine numbers of basal CA1 dendrites and decreases in spine length of apical dendrites of CA1 and dentate gyrus neurons. Furthermore, aged mice exhibited significant deficits in hippocampus-dependent learning tasks, such as the probe trial of the Morris water maze and T maze learning. Given the fact that there is no neuronal loss in the hippocampus in aged mice (von Bohlen und Halbach and Unsicker [2002] Eur. J. Neurosci. 16:2434-2440), we suggest that the memory and cognitive decline in the context of aging may be accompanied by rather subtle anatomical changes, such as numbers and morphology of dendritic spines.
Nanoparticles Change the Ordering Pattern of <i>n</i>-Carboxylic Acids into Nanorods on HOPG (2010)

This paper describes the formation of organic nanorods induced by monolayer-protected inorganic nanoparticles. Alkanes and alkane derivatives, such as n-carboxylic acids, self-assemble on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) into a persistent molecular packing structure that is dictated by the epitaxial interaction between the carbon chain plane and the HOPG basal plane. Carboxylic acids form 2-D crystalline layers consisting of nanostripe domains whose periodicity is one or two times the molecular chain length. However, when the molecular ordering occurs in the vicinity of a nanoparticle, this persistent HOPG-dominated nanostripe pattern is disrupted, and nanorods attached to the nanoparticles become the dominant structure. In order to understand the underlying mechanism of the nanoparticle-mediated nanorod formation, the effects of film-forming conditions, carboxylic acid chain length, nanoparticle size, and chemical composition of the nanoparticle are examined. It is determined that carboxylic acid nanorods can be induced by nanoparticles of different core materials including CdSe, CdS, and Au, as long as the protecting monolayer allows sufficient dispersion and colloidal stability of the nanoparticles in solution. A carboxylic chain length range amenable to the nanorod formation is identified, as is the relationship between the nanoparticle size and the number of nanorods per nanoparticle. This study contributes to the understanding of seed-mediated crystallization and molecular ordering. Moreover, it defines the parameters governing solution-based formation of hybrid nanostructures and nanopatterns incorporating dual functionality as defined by the inorganic nanoparticle and organic nanorod, respectively.
Synthesis and Enantiomer Recognition of Dipodands and Crown Ethers Containing the 2,3:6,7-Dibenzobicyclo[3.3.1]nona-2,6-diene Residue as the Chiral Subunit (1989)

Abstract Five new optically active crown ethers and six optically active dipodands are reported. The crown ethers were synthesized by using (+)-(1S,4R,5S,8R)-2,3:6,7-dibenzobicyclo[3.3.1]nona-2,6-diene-4,8-diol and (+)-(1S,4R,5S,8R)-4,8-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,3:6,7-dibenzobicyclo[3.3.1]nona-2,6-diene as a chiral subunit and the dipodands contained the 2,3:6,7-dibenzobicyclo[3.3.1]nona-2,6-diene residue as a chiral anchor group. The enantiomer recognition behaviour of these compounds was evaluated by the enantiomer differential transport of methyl (±)-phenylglycinate and (±)-1,2-diphenylethylamine hydrochloride through bulk liquid membrane.
Review: <i>Man and the Animal World</i>, by Bernal O. Weimer (1952)

Book Review| November 01 1952 Review: Man and the Animal World, by Bernal O. Weimer Man and the Animal WorldBernal O. Weimer M. A. Russell M. A. Russell Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The American Biology Teacher (1952) 14 (7): 195. https://doi.org/10.2307/4438409 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation M. A. Russell; Review: Man and the Animal World, by Bernal O. Weimer. The American Biology Teacher 1 November 1952; 14 (7): 195. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4438409 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Highly sensitive silicon microreactor for catalyst testing (2009)

A novel microfabricated chemical reactor for highly sensitive measurements of catalytic activity and surface kinetics is presented. The reactor is fabricated in a silicon chip and is intended for gas-phase reactions at pressures ranging from 0.1 to 5.0 bar. A high sensitivity is obtained by directing the entire gas flow through the catalyst bed to a mass spectrometer, thus ensuring that nearly all reaction products are present in the analyzed gas flow. Although the device can be employed for testing a wide range of catalysts, the primary aim of the design is to allow characterization of model catalysts which can only be obtained in small quantities. Such measurements are of significant fundamental interest but are challenging because of the low surface areas involved. The relationship between the reaction zone gas flow and the pressure in the reaction zone is investigated experimentally. A corresponding theoretical model is presented, and the gas flow through an on-chip flow-limiting capillary is predicted to be in the intermediate regime. The experimental data for the gas flow are found to be in good agreement with the theoretical model. At typical experimental conditions, the total gas flow through the reaction zone is around 3x10(14) molecules s(-1), corresponding to a gas residence time in the reaction zone of about 11 s. To demonstrate the operation of the microreactor, CO oxidation on low-area platinum thin film circles is employed as a test reaction. Using temperature ramping, it is found that platinum catalysts with areas as small as 15 microm(2) are conveniently characterized with the device.