gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fontanelle and Uncinate Process in the Lateral Wall of the Human Nasal Cavity (2000)

The anterior portion of the fontanelle is more prone to stenosis than the posterior portion. An antrostomy in the posterior fontanelle may be more ideal for a middle meatal antrostomy of the maxillary sinus.
Human interleukin-4 inhibits proliferation of megakaryocyte progenitor cells in culture (1993)

We studied the effects of recombinant human interleukin-4 (rhIL-4) on megakaryocyte colony formation from enriched hematopoietic progenitors. IL-4 strongly inhibited pure and mixed megakaryocyte colony formation in a dose-dependent manner. Formation of erythroid bursts, eosinophil colonies, and erythrocyte-containing mixed colonies was not affected by the addition of IL-4 as reported previously (Sonoda Y, et al; Blood 75:1615, 1990). Delayed addition experiments suggested that IL-4 acts on an early stage of proliferation of megakaryocyte progenitors. Neutralizing antibodies (antisera) prepared against transforming growth factor beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon alpha (IFN alpha), and IFN gamma did not affect the inhibitory effects of IL-4 on pure and mixed megakaryocyte colony formation. In addition, the inhibitory effects of IL-4 was also seen in serum-free cultures and in cultures containing highly enriched CD34+, HLA-DR+ cells as a target population. These results indicate that IL-4 may function as one of the negative regulators in human megakaryocytopoiesis in vitro.
Reconciling meta-learning and continual learning with online mixtures of tasks (2018)

Learning-to-learn or meta-learning leverages data-driven inductive bias to increase the efficiency of learning on a novel task. This approach encounters difficulty when transfer is not advantageous, for instance, when tasks are considerably dissimilar or change over time. We use the connection between gradient-based meta-learning and hierarchical Bayes to propose a Dirichlet process mixture of hierarchical Bayesian models over the parameters of an arbitrary parametric model such as a neural network. In contrast to consolidating inductive biases into a single set of hyperparameters, our approach of task-dependent hyperparameter selection better handles latent distribution shift, as demonstrated on a set of evolving, image-based, few-shot learning benchmarks.
Generation of larger numbers of separated microbial populations by cultivation in segmented-flow microdevices (2003)

The high speed production of fluid segments for the highly parallelized cultivation of monoclonal cell populations was carried out by the use of microchip segmentor modules. Aqueous fluid segments, embedded in a non-miscible carrier liquid, were produced with frequencies up to 30 s(-1) and showed a high homogeneity in size. This corresponds with the production of about 2.5 million samples per day. The segment volumes can be adapted between about 4 nl and 100 nl. The typical segment size for cultivation experiments is in the range between 40 nl and 80 nl. Nutrient medium can be applied instead of pure water. It is possible to aliquot a cell suspension in such a way that most of the aqueous fluid segments contain only one cell. In model experiments with four microbial species chip-produced aliquots of 60 nl, each containing one or a few cells, were incubated in Teflon capillary tubes. Rapid growth of the microcultures was observed. Cell densities were found to be as high as in conventional shake flask cultures.
Ultrasound measurements of lower extremity soft tissue and interstitial fluid thickness may be used as an early indicator of dehydration (2010)

Abstract Purpose Several studies have suggested that clinical indicators of a patient’s fluid status that are frequently used in practice are highly variable and not useful in the differentiation of these patients. In this study, we examine the potential use of ultrasound measurements of soft tissue and interstitial fluid thickness for the detection of conditions of mild to moderate dehydration. Materials and methods This study involved healthy subjects in which a mild dehydration was a consequence of tilt bed rest (average loss of plasma volume of ~10%). The soft tissue and interstitial thickness superficial to the calcaneous and immediately below the lateral malleolus were measured in the supine position using high frequency ultrasound both before and after the treatment. Also the echocardiographic measurements of orthostatic induced changes in stroke volume were obtained. Results In the eight healthy subjects studied, there was an average of a 13% diminution in both the ankle and pretibial soft tissue and interstitial thickness after tilt bed rest ( p = 0.05) that coincided with mildly decreased orthostatic induced changes in stroke volume. Conclusions Traditional tilt testing has been a less than satisfactory technique for determining the hydration status of patients. This study looks at the possibility of using ultrasound as a method for the objective measurement of tissue dehydration. The method was able to detect significant changes in tissue interstitial fluid under conditions of mild dehydration. Since the technique obtains measurements in the supine position, it also obviates creating orthostatic symptoms in restrictive clinical environments.
A study of pointer aliasing for software pipelining using run-time disambiguation (1994)

Run-time Alias Disambiguation (RTD) has been proposed as a technique for pointer aliasing. This paper suggests several RTD approaches which may be used for DOACROSS scheduling to exploit coarse-grained parallelism. We analyze the rerollability problem in the transformation of those RTD approaches to software pipelining in order to exploit the instruction level parallelism available in loops. Finally, we give some suggestions as to how to address the rerollability problem.
Allowable delay time of images with motion parallax and high-speed image generation (1991)

Images with motion parallax generated by CG should be displayed, based on the user's viewpoint, without delay. In this paper we examine the influence of delay time on images with motion parallax, both subjectively and via the task, by means of a device for 3-D manipulation in virtual space, and we measure the delay time in which the user can easily perceive an image with motion parallax. We also present a method to generate CG image at high speed in the allowable time by selecting from a database of different detailed models one model based on the distance between the viewpoint and object.
Effect of interface states on spin-dependent tunneling in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Fe</mml:mi><mml:mo>∕</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Mg</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mo>∕</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Fe</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>tunnel junctions (2005)

The electronic structure and spin-dependent tunneling in epitaxial $\mathrm{Fe}∕\mathrm{Mg}\mathrm{O}∕\mathrm{Fe}(001)$ tunnel junctions are studied using first-principles calculations. For small MgO barrier thickness the minority-spin resonant bands at the two interfaces make a significant contribution to the tunneling conductance for the antiparallel magnetization, whereas these bands are, in practice, mismatched by disorder and/or small applied bias for the parallel magnetization. This explains the experimentally observed decrease in tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) for thin MgO barriers. We predict that a monolayer of Ag epitaxially deposited at the interface between Fe and MgO suppresses tunneling through the interface band and may thus be used to enhance the TMR for thin barriers.
Past, Present and Future of Simulation Computer (2009)

Simulation computer is a computer tool that uses computer system to model physical systems and a variety of continues dynamics systems.The development of simulation computer from analog computer to hybrid computer,and now to digital computer was introduced by referring to a large number of brilliant productions during each development step.Then the current of development of simulation computer in our country was summarized in a comprehensive way.The research orientation and developing trend of future simulation computer was discussed.
Weder “Genealogie der Moral” noch “Primat der praktischen Vernunft”: Webers “Persönlichkeits” — Lehre (1999)

Mit den im vorangegangenen Kapitel gemachten Ausfiihrungen, die auch die aktuelle Diskussionslage bereits ansprachen, sind wir in die unmittelbare Nähe zu Nietzsche geraten. Die meisten modernen Kulturpessimisten, wie beispielsweise die “Dekonstruktivisten”, sehen in ihm ja ihren Ahnherrn. Das Interesse an dieser philosophischen Sphinx ist jedoch auch auf seiten der Weber-Diskussion erwacht. Nietzsche hatte dort in den letzten Jahrzehnten eine im Hintergrund lauernde Position eingenommen — als der große Unbekannte, der, anziehend und abstoßend zugleich, für eine nie zuvor dagewesene Spannung und insofern auch für Aufmerksamkeit gesorgt hatte. Wolfgang J. Mommsen und Raymond Aron hatten schon 1964 für erhebliche Irritation gesorgt, als sie ihn mit Weber zusammen erwähnten. Doch kommt Wilhelm Hennis das Verdienst zu, mit seinem vielbeachteten Vortrag über “Die Spuren Nietzsches im Werk Max Webers” aus dem Jahre 1985 in diese Diskussion neue Brisanz gebracht zu haben.1 Seit dieser Veröffentlichung kann eine ernst zu nehmende Weberauslegung an Nietzsche nicht mehr vorbeigehen. Hennis vertritt die These, Weber sei primär ethisch motiviert, sein ganzes Werk stehe unter dem Leitgedanken, wie sich in der Moderne “Persönlichkeit” noch herausbilden und entfalten könne. Da Nietzsche seine Persönlichkeitslehre am Leitgedanken einer “Genealogie” der herkömmlichen ethischen Verkrüppelungen des Menschen entwickelte, die zeitgenössische Philosophie, innerhalb derer Weber sich bewegte, die Konstitution der “Persönlichkeit” auf die wiederentdeckte “praktische Vernunft” zurückzubinden suchte, ist die von Hennis eingenommene Position eingehender zu betrachten.
Photoinduced transformations. Part 38. Photoreactions of 17-ethoxycarbonylmethylene-etiojerva-5,13(17)- and -5,16-diene-3β,11β,20ξ-triol 3,20-diacetate 11-nitrites (1978)

Photolysis of one of the title nitrites (5) in benzene with a Pyrex-filtered light afforded a complex mixture including as major products 17-ethoxycarbonylmethylene-etiojerva-5,13(17)-diene-3β,11β,20ξ-triol 3,20-diacetate (4), 17-ethoxycarbonylmethylene-11a-aza-C-homoetiojerva-5,8,11,12(14), 13(17)-pentaene-3β,20ξ-diol 3,20-diacetate 11a-oxide (6), and 17-ethoxycarbonylmethylene-11a-aza-C-homoetiojerva-5,11a, 13(17)-triene-3β,11α,20ξ-triol 3,20-diacetate 11a-oxide (7); in contrast, photolysis of N-acetyl-(22S,25S)-5α-veratr-13(17)-enine-3β,11β,23β-triol 3,23-diacetate 11-nitrite (1) having a 12α-hydrogen is known to give (22S,25S)-N-acetyl-11a-aza-C-homo-5α-veratr-11a, 13(17)-diene-3β,11α,23β-triol 11a-oxide (2) as the sole product. The formation of the nitrone (7) having an α-oriented hydroxy-group supports the mechanism of the rearrangement previously proposed. An estimation by an empirical force-field method with a model hydrocarbon indicates that the five-membered ring of the nitrite (5) is more strained than that of the nitrite (1) by ca. 6 kcal mol–1. Thus, the difference in the products obtained from the nitrites (1) and (5) may be attributable to a difference in the polar effects of the C-17-substituents which influence the degree of stabilization of the polar transition state.The result of the photolysis of 17-ethoxycarbonylmethylene-etiojerva-5,16-diene-3β,11β,20ξ-triol 3,20-di-acetate 11-nitrite (10) is also described.
Preimplantation genetic screens (2015)

Although our knowledge of genetic abnormalities that cause health disorders is expanding, the pace of discovering cures for genetic diseases is not nearly as fast. However, technologies applicable to preventing heritable genetic diseases have been developing, among them so-called “next-generation sequencing.” This efficient and inexpensive means to sequence DNA has revolutionized the study of genomics and could play a major role in future preimplantation genetic screening approaches. It may even improve screening during early pregnancy.
Activation of the p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway by Estrogen or by 4-Hydroxytamoxifen Is Coupled to Estrogen Receptor-induced Apoptosis (2000)

17beta-Estradiol (E(2)) or the antiestrogen, 4-hydroxytamoxifen (OHT), induce apoptosis in stably transfected estrogen receptor (ER)-positive HeLa-ER5 cells. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is implicated in cellular processes involving apoptosis. The p38 kinase inhibitor, SB203580, partially protects HeLa-ER5 cells against apoptosis induced by E(2) or by OHT. E(2) induces the p38 pathway 12-36-fold in ER-positive cell lines, while OHT induces p38 activity 2-5-fold. In an ER-positive cell line selected for resistance to E(2)-induced apoptosis, E(2) no longer induced p38, and the ER no longer bound to the estrogen response element, while OHT induced both p38 and apoptosis. In cells selected for resistance to OHT-induced apoptosis, OHT no longer induced p38, while E(2) induced p38 and apoptosis, and transactivated an estrogen response element-containing reporter gene. In MCF-7 cells, whose growth is stimulated by estrogen, E(2) did not induce p38 or apoptosis, while OHT induced both p38 and apoptosis, and SB203580 protected against OHT-induced apoptosis. This work shows that E(2) and OHT activate the p38 pathway, suggests that they use different pathways for p38 activation, and links activation of the p38 pathway to apoptosis induced by E(2) and by OHT.
The Antidiabetic Activity of 3,5-Dimethylpyrazoles (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Antidiabetic Activity of 3,5-DimethylpyrazolesJohn B. Wright, William E. Dulin, and John H. MarkillieCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1964, 7, 1, 102–105Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00331a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00331a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views266Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Treatment time, outcome, and patient satisfaction comparisons of Damon and conventional brackets (2001)

Efficiency of treatment mechanics has been a major focus throughout the history of orthodontics. Self-ligating brackets were developed on the premise that elimination of ligature ties creates a friction-free environment and allows for better sliding mechanics. It is expected that the self-ligating bracket will reduce the treatment time. This study was designed to compare the effectiveness and efficiency of Damon self-ligating (SL) brackets to those brackets ligated with either steel ligatures or elastomeric 'O' rings. Not only treatment time and the number of appointments needed were addressed, but the quality of the treatment outcome was also assessed. American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) grading criteria for models and panoramic radiographs were employed. Additionally, a nine-question survey was sent to the 215-patients in this study (108 Damon, 107 conventionally-ligated) to elicit their perceptions of how their orthodontic treatment progressed and finished. The results showed that patients treated with Damon SL brackets had significantly lower treatment times, required significantly fewer appointments, and had significantly higher ABO scores than those treated with conventionally-ligated edgewise brackets. There were no significant differences in Damon or non-Damon ABO scores with respect to gender. Damon patients over the age of 21 had significantly higher ABO scores. Conversely, the non-Damon patients under the age of 21 had significantly higher ABO scores. For pre-treatment Angle classification, no significant differences were noted. Patient responses showed that Damon patients perceived their treatment time as being shorter than expected. It appears that faster orthodontic treatment can be better as measured by the ABO criteria.
Acquisition and Decay of Antibodies to Pregnancy‐Associated Variant Antigens on the Surface of<i>Plasmodium falciparum–</i>Infected Erythrocytes That Protect against Placental Parasitemia (2001)

Otherwise clinically immune women in areas endemic for malaria are highly susceptible to Plasmodium falciparum malaria during their first pregnancy. Pregnancy-associated malaria (PAM) is characterized by placental accumulation of infected erythrocytes that adhere to chondroitin sulfate A (CSA). Susceptibility to PAM decreases with increasing parity, apparently due to acquisition of antibodies directed against the variant surface antigens (VSAs) that mediate the adhesion to CSA (VSACSA). This study found that levels of VSACSA-specific antibodies depend on endemicity, that anti-VSACSA IgG is acquired during gestation week 20, and that plasma levels of the antibodies decline during the postpartum period. There is evidence that VSACSA-specific antibodies are linked to placental infection and that high antibody levels contribute to the control of placental infection by inhibiting parasite adhesion to CSA. Data suggest that VSACSA is a target for vaccination against PAM
A shock tube study of the recombination of carbon monoxide and oxygen atoms (1977)

Time resolved emissions from CO2 and the radiative recombination of CO and O (flame-band emission) have been monitored in a variety of N2O/CO/Ar mixtures. These mixtures were studied behind reflected shock waves at temperatures between 2100–3200 K and total concentrations between 2.5–7.7×1018 molecule/cm3. The flame-band detector was calibrated so that absolute concentrations of atomic oxygen could be determined. These data were shown to be consistent with the following mechanism: N2O+M=N2+O+M (I), N2O+O=2NO (II), N2O+O=N2+O2 (III), with kI=4.5×10−10 exp(−226kJ/RT) cm3 molecule−1⋅ s−1 and k2=k3 =7.7×10−11 exp(−117kJ/RT). This combination was also shown to be consistent with earlier data from this laboratory. CO2 was observed to increase linearly with time in these experiments, and an apparent recombination rate constant defined as kapp≡dCO2/dt/([CO] [O] [M]) was measured and found to be a function of pressure. This behavior was attributed to the presence of very small concentrations of hydrogenous impurities. Data at higher pressures were used to estimate the rate constant for the recombination CO+O+M=CO2+M (V) since the effect of impurities was minimized here. It was found that kV= (1.6±0.3) ×10−34 cm6 molecule−2⋅ s−1 between 2100–3200 K. This value is shown to be consistent with recent studies of CO2 dissociation which report ’’normal’’ activation energies.
A Tool for Modeling Airflow & Contaminant Transport (2001)

Multizone modeling refers to analysis techniques that use a simplified, zonal representation ofa building to study building airflows, pressure differences, and contaminant transport. Each zone is assumed to have uniform temperature, pressure, and contaminant concentrations. Zones typically represent individual rooms but can be entire levels depending on the building layout and the goals of the modeling. Zones are connected through flow paths represented mathematically by pressure-flow relationships. This article describes CONTAMW [Dols et al. 2000], a multizone modeling tool.
Cross-Reactivity of Rabbit Antibodies to Lipopolysaccharides of Escherichia coli J5 and Other Gram-Negative Bacteria (1985)

Antiserum to rough gram-negative mutants such as Escherichia coli J5 and Salmonella minnesota Re595 is thought to neutralize the toxic effects of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). To verify that such antisera are capable of binding heterologous endotoxins, we examined IgG and IgM class antibodies induced in rabbits to a variety of LPSs. Immunization with rough mutants or lipid A induced high IgG antibody responses to the homologous purified LPS and relatively low but significant responses to heterologous LPSs. Increases in IgM antibodies were also primarily to homologous LPS. Immunization with smooth organisms induced little or no antibody to heterologous LPSs. Soluble LPS, outer membrane vesicles, and whole bacteria produced strong homologous inhibition but little or no heterologous inhibition in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Cross-adsorption of antisera to rough mutants suggested that the IgG and IgM antibodies induced to heterologous LPS were adsorbed by the heterologous LPS and not by the core LPS used to immunize the animals. Rabbit antibody directed to J5 or Re595 LPS fails to bind to any substantial degree to heterologous LPS. Immunization with whole bacterial vaccines, particularly the rough mutants and lipid A, does increase antibody to a wide variety of antigens. The possibilities that the protective effects of antisera to rough mutants are due to a polyclonal antibody response or to the induction of as yet unidentified factor(s) deserve further investigation.
3D relative position and orientation estimation using Kalman filter for robot control (2003)

A vision-based position sensing system which provides three-dimensional relative position and orientation (pose) of an arbitrary moving object with respect to a camera for a real-time tracking control is studied. Kalman filtering was applied to vision measurements for the implicit solution of the photogrametric equations and to provide significant temporal filtering of the resulting motion parameters resulting in optimal pose estimation. Both computer simulation and real-time experimental results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the Kalman filter approach with large vision measurement noise.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
507. A basic trinuclear ruthenium acetate (1952)

F. S. Martin, J. Chem. Soc., 1952, 2682 DOI: 10.1039/JR9520002682
Insights and Model for Understanding Natural Organic Matter Adsorption onto Mixed Adsorbents (2018)

Adsorption-based processes are commonly used to remove natural organic matter (NOM) from drinking water sources and thereby mitigate its impacts on other water treatment processes and the quality of the finished water. These processes are complicated by the fact that NOM comprises multiple fractions that can exhibit disparate adsorption behaviors. Prior modeling of NOM adsorption has invariably focused on systems with a single adsorbent, but results presented here demonstrate surprising and counterintuitive behavior in systems containing two or more adsorbents. Specifically, if the sequence of affinities of the different NOM fractions are the same for two adsorbents, then overall adsorption changes monotonically as one adsorbent is gradually replaced by the other. However, if the sequence differs for the two adsorbents, overall adsorption can increase even when the nominally stronger adsorbent is gradually replaced by the weaker one. This work demonstrates and explains such behavior for a particular mixture of adsorbents and introduces a mathematical model that illustrates how other mixtures might behave.