gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ammonia Dehydrogenation over Platinum-Group Metal Surfaces. Structure, Stability, and Reactivity of Adsorbed NH<i><sub>x</sub></i> Species (2006)

Periodic DFT calculations using plane waves have been applied to comparatively study the adsorption and decomposition of ammonia on the (111) and (100) surfaces of platinum-group metals (Pd, Rh, Pt). Different adsorption geometries and positions have been studied for NH3 and its dehydrogenation intermediates (NHx, x = 0, 1, 2). On the six surfaces investigated, NH3 adsorbs preferentially on top sites, NH2 on bridge, and NH and N on hollow sites. However, the adsorption energies of the NHx moieties differ considerably from one surface to another. All of the species adsorb more strongly on the (100) than on the (111) planes. Rh(100) provides the maximum stability for the various intermediates. The reaction energies, the structure of the transition states, and the activation barriers of the successive dehydrogenation steps (NHx → NHx-1 + H) have been determined, making it possible to compute rate coefficients at different temperatures. Our calculations have confirmed that ammonia decomposition over noble metal catalysts is structure sensitive. As a general trend, the first dehydrogenation step is rate determining, especially for Pd. In agreement with experiments, Rh is a better catalyst for NH3 decomposition than are Pt and Pd. The former strongly stabilizes the highly dehydrogenated NH and N species and also leads to the lowest activation barriers. For the set of dehydrogenation reactions, a linear relationship between the transition state potential energy and the adsorption energy of the final state has been obtained.
Analysis of Carrier Deployment Strategies for LTE-A HetNets with Multicell Cooperation (2014)

This paper studies how to best utilize two carriers (F1 and F2) in a heterogeneous network (HetNet) where both macro and small cells are deployed. Two well known multi-cell cooperation techniques are applied: enhanced inter-cell interference coordination (eICIC) on carriers that are co-channel deployed at both macro and small cells and inter-site carrier aggregation (CA) between carriers that are separately deployed at macro and small cells. Extensive performance results with different carrier deployment strategies with/without multi-cell cooperation are presented under realistic time-variant traffic conditions. For the considered HetNet scenario, the carrier deployment strategy resulting in the best downlink end-user throughput performance is found to be co-channel for low load conditions, and one carrier deployed at the macro and two carriers deployed at small cells (called hybrid deployment #2 in our study) for high load conditions. Introducing multi-cell cooperations in the form of eICIC and inter-site CA between the macro and small cells can significantly improve the performance for co-channel and hybrid deployment #2 at high load and low load conditions, respectively.
Signal design for co-channel interference suppression with applications to wireless communications (2002)

Summary form only given, as follows. Co-channel interference is a major impairment in wireless systems with channel (frequency and/or time) re-use. In practice the performance of time division multiple access (TDMA) and frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems is limited by a few dominant co-channel interferers. These can be removed by means of multiple antennas but it is difficult to demand this at the mobile because of technology limitations. The standard solution is to treat co-channel interference as Gaussian noise and to employ powerful channel codes. However, this solution is far from optimal since the decoder is using an inappropriate metric for decoding. In this paper it is shown that a more effective use of system redundancy is to design channel codes that are matched to an adaptive linear receiver, so that the combination provides interference suppression. It is shown that a simple one symbol parity check code is capable of suppressing one interferer, a repetition code of length N is capable of suppressing N-1 interferers, and a code of K information symbols and N channel symbols is capable of suppressing N/K interferers.
Reliable Patient Monitoring: A Clinical Study in a Step-down Hospital Unit (2009)

This paper presents the design, deployment, and empirical study of a wireless clinical monitoring system that collects pulse and oxygen saturation readings from patients. The primary contribution of this paper is an in-depth clinical trial that assesses the feasibility of wireless sensor networks for patient monitoring in general (non-ICU) hospital units. The trial involved 32 patients monitored in a step-down cardiology unit at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis. During a total of 31 days of monitoring, the network achieved high reliability (median 99.92%, range 95.21% - 100%). The overall reliability of the system was dominated by sensing reliability (median 80.55%, range 0.38% - 97.69%) of the pulse oximeters. Sensing failures usually occurred in short bursts, although long bursts were also present and were caused by the sensor disconnections. We show that the sensing reliability could be significantly improved through oversampling and by implementing a disconnection alarm system that incurs minimal intervention cost. Our results also indicate that the system provided sufficient resolution to support the detection of clinical deterioration in two patients who were transferred to the ICU. The results show the feasibility of using wireless sensor networks for patient monitoring and may guide future research. We also report lessons learned from the deployment in the clinical environments with patient users.
Cystathionine γ-synthase from Arabidopsis thaliana: purification and biochemical characterization of the recombinant enzyme overexpressed in Escherichia coli (1998)

Cystathionine gamma-synthase catalyses the first reaction specific for methionine biosynthesis in plants, the gamma-replacement of the phosphoryl substituent of O-phosphohomoserine by cysteine. A cDNA encoding cystathionine gamma-synthase from Arabidopsis thaliana has been cloned and used to overexpress the enzyme in Escherichia coli. The native recombinant enzyme is a homotetramer composed of 53 kDa subunits, each being tightly associated with one molecule of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate that binds at lysine-379 of the protein precursor. The replacement reaction follows a Ping Pong mechanism with a Vmax of 33.6 units/mg and Km values of 2.5 mM and 460 microM for O-phosphohomoserine and cysteine respectively. The protective effect of O-phosphohomoserine against enzyme inactivation by propargylglycine indicated that the Kd for the substrate is approx. 1/2500 of its Km value. Thus most of these biochemical properties are similar to those previously reported for plant and bacterial cystathionine gamma-synthases. However, the plant enzyme differs markedly from its enterobacterial counterparts because it catalyses a very faint gamma-elimination of O-phosphohomoserine in the absence of cysteine, this process being about 1/2700 as fast as the gamma-replacement reaction and approx. 1/1500 as fast as the gamma-elimination catalysed by the E. coli enzyme. This huge difference could be attributed to the inability of the A. thaliana cystathionine gamma-synthase to accumulate a long-wavelength-absorbing species that is characteristic for the efficient gamma-elimination reaction catalysed by the enterobacterial enzyme.
Human RECQ1 Is a DNA Damage Responsive Protein Required for Genotoxic Stress Resistance and Suppression of Sister Chromatid Exchanges (2007)

Collectively, these results provide the first evidence for a role of human RECQ1 in the response to DNA damage and chromosomal stability maintenance and point to the vital importance of RECQ1 in genome homeostasis.
Measurement (2017)

Measurement has been defined as the correlation with numbers of entities which are not numbers. As practiced in the developed sciences this is a sufficiently comprehensive, though cryptic, statement of the object of measurement. The problems of measurement merge, at one end, with the problems of predication. In arts like cookery, measurement is not primarily numerical, and the operations used are very often controlled by disciplined judgments on the qualitative alterations of the subject matter. The "real" shape of the penny is round, because from the point of view from which the penny is round, measurements and correlations of other shapes can be carried on most easily. When a laboratory experiment is studied behavioristically, the measurements performed consist in the observation of the movement of a pointer on a scale, or of the superposition of lengths.
<title>Air-bearing-based satellite attitude dynamics simulator for control software research and development</title> (2001)

A Satellite Attitude Dynamics Simulator (SADS) has been developed to facilitate the research and development of spacecraft flight attitude control software at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, CA. The simulator provides a real-time 3 degree of freedom (3DOF) synthetic spacecraft hardware-in-the-loop environment, that includes realistic angular motions, sensor-effector delays, and control torque profiles. Control software, entered into a notebook PC mounted on the equipment platform, is input as high level object oriented code, allowing rapid code development and thorough post-test analysis. Three flight-like reaction wheels and eight cold-gas thrusters that are mounted to the SADS equipment platform provide motion simulation torque. The equipment platform is suspended in air by a spherical segment air bearing. This virtually frictionless suspension allows free rotation of the equipment platform about any rotation axis. Three separate sets of sensors, three single-axis rate gyros, a three-axis magnetometer, and a two-axis sun sensor monitor SADS platform motion. This paper discusses the SADS design, and the practical uses of this simulator for satellite attitude control system software research and development.
Laser-induced photochemical etching of SiO2 studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1985)

Thermally grown SiO2 on Si and quartz wafers have been photochemically etched in an NF3 gas containing 0–4 mol % hydrogen by using an ArF excimer laser (193 nm in wavelength) irradiation. In situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the etched surface at each step of the photochemical reaction and in situ infrared absorption measurements of the etching gas have revealed the elementary process of etching reactions on the surface and the resulting products in the gas phase.
Palladium-Catalyzed Inter- and Intramolecular Coupling Reactions of Aryl and Vinyl Halides Mediated by Indium (2004)

Treatment of aryl and vinyl halides with 50 mol % of 100 mesh indium, 2.5 mol % of Pd-C, and 1.5 equiv of LiCl under mild conditions (DMF, 100 degrees C, 1-3 h) could produce coupling products efficiently in good to excellent yields in which the C(sp2)-C(sp2) bond was formed. This reagent worked equally well with both intermolecular and intramolecular coupling reactions, producing a variety of biaryls, 1,3-dienes, and cyclic compounds.
Enhancement of skeletal muscle regeneration (1994)

We have studied the effect of adding extra satellite cells or soluble factors from crushed muscle on regeneration of minced fragments from rat tibialis muscle. The muscle mince was wrapped in an artificial epimysium to prevent adhesions and cell immigration from adjacent muscles. Regeneration was quantitatively assessed by electrophoretic determination of the muscle-specific form of creatine kinase. Control minces exhibited three periods of change in creatine kinase activity during a 7-week regeneration period. Activity fell rapidly during the first week, then rose gradually from 1-3 weeks and increased more rapidly from 3-7 weeks. To augment the original complement of myogenic cells, satellite cells were isolated from the contralateral muscle, purified by density gradient centrifugation, and expanded in culture for 3 days before adding to the muscle mince. The added cells resulted in a 3-fold enhancement of creatine kinase activity throughout the regeneration period. Soluble muscle extract incorporated into a collagen matrix also stimulated regeneration when added to muscle mince. The extract accelerated the rate of creatine kinase increase during the 1-3 week period beyond that observed in the control or cell augmented mince, suggesting that factors in the extract may facilitate revascularization or reinnervation. The specific activity of creatine kinase was increased in regenerates augmented with both cells and extract, indicating that the effects enhance primarily myogenic processes.
Crystal Structure of Sucrose Phosphorylase from <i>Bifidobacterium adolescentis</i> (2004)

Around 80 enzymes are implicated in the generic starch and sucrose pathways. One of these enzymes is sucrose phosphorylase, which reversibly catalyzes the conversion of sucrose and orthophosphate to d-Fructose and alpha-d-glucose 1-phosphate. Here, we present the crystal structure of sucrose phosphorylase from Bifidobacterium adolescentis (BiSP) refined at 1.77 A resolution. It represents the first 3D structure of a sucrose phosphorylase and is the first structure of a phosphate-dependent enzyme from the glycoside hydrolase family 13. The structure of BiSP is composed of the four domains A, B, B', and C. Domain A comprises the (beta/alpha)(8)-barrel common to family 13. The catalytic active-site residues (Asp192 and Glu232) are located at the tips of beta-sheets 4 and 5 in the (beta/alpha)(8)-barrel, as required for family 13 members. The topology of the B' domain disfavors oligosaccharide binding and reduces the size of the substrate access channel compared to other family 13 members, underlining the role of this domain in modulating the function of these enzymes. It is remarkable that the fold of the C domain is not observed in any other known hydrolases of family 13. BiSP was found as a homodimer in the crystal, and a dimer contact surface area of 960 A(2) per monomer was calculated. The majority of the interactions are confined to the two B domains, but interactions between the loop 8 regions of the two barrels are also observed. This results in a large cavity in the dimer, including the entrance to the two active sites.
Enhancement of spin accumulation in a nonmagnetic layer by reducing junction size (2006)

The junction size dependence of the spin accumulation in a nonmagnet is studied by using lateral spin valves geometry consisting of the Py/Cu ohmic junctions. We experimentally demonstrate that reducing the size of the junction drastically improves the efficiency of the spin injection into the Cu wire because of the enhancement of the spin resistance for the Py wire. The spin polarization in the Cu wire increases exponentially with reducing the junction area irrespective of the same spacing between the injector and the detector. The junction size dependence of the spin signal yields the spin diffusion lengths and the spin polarization which are reasonable values compared with previous experiments.
Water diffusion model for the enhancement of hot-carrier-induced degradation due to silicon nitride passivation in submicron MOSFET's (1995)

The enhancement of hot-carrier-induced degradation due to SiN passivation can show strong dependence on the hot-carrier hardness of MOSFETs without SiN passivation. Additional post-passivation annealing also shows the acceleration phenomenon of degradation enhancement due to SiN passivation. The hot-carrier hardness dependence and APPA effect on degradation enhancement were investigated using several samples that have different hot-carrier hardness. A newly proposed degradation enhancement model, based on water diffusion, explains well the experimental results. The solution of a one-dimensional diffusion equation that is applied to the structure of inter-metal layer and passivation in MOSFETs, supports this model rather than a common hydrogen diffusion model.
The Effects of Counseling on Smoking Cessation Among Patients Hospitalized with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial (1991)

Seventy-four cigarette-smoking patients admitted with COPD to the Chest Unit of a 600-bed teaching hospital served as subjects for a randomized trial of smoking cessation counseling. All patients were advised to quit smoking and smoking in the unit was not allowed. One-half of the patients were, in addition, provided with a self-help manual and three to eight 15- to 20-min counseling sessions on alternate days while in hospital. Self-reports of smoking status were obtained at 3 and 6 months, a sample of which were validated with serum COHb. The results were disappointing. Differences between the counseled group and the controls both in rates of cessation at 6 months (33.3% vs 21.4%) and, for patients still smoking, reductions in amount smoked would have lacked practical significance even if statistical significance had been obtained. Some alternative treatment approaches are suggested for this group of patients.
Treatment of Cerebral Ischemia with Electrical Stimulation of the Cervical Spinal Cord (1991)

We observed an increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF) for control of pain but were otherwise normal. Based on that observation, we implanted stimulators for cervical spinal cord stimulation (cSCS) in three patients who had symptomatic cerebral ischemia. Two had severe basivertebral occlusive disease and one had bilateral carotid occlusive disease. In all three cases, cSCS alleviated the symptoms of ischemia. Xenon-CBF studies or single-photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) showed increased CBF in response to cSCS. Although no mechanism clearly responsible for this remarkable therapeutic efficacy can be proposed yet, further clinical trials of cSCS for inoperable cerebral ischemia may be justified.
Growth and differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cell line F9 in defined media. (1980)

This paper reports the growth and differentiation of the mouse embryonal carcinoma cell line F9 in completely defined culture media. The defined growth medium, referred to as EM-3, contains plasma fibronectin, insulin, and transferrin in place of serum. F9 cells cultured in EM-3 for over 15 generations retain their ability to form tumors and to differentiate. Fibronectin is essential for the attachment of F9 cells in defined media and its effect can be blocked with affinity-purified anti-fibronectin. When retinoic acid was added to EM-3, the F9 cells differentiated. The majority of the the newly formed cells differed from patient F9 cell two major respects: (i) they were morphologically different; and (ii) they secreted plasminogen activator, and the secretion was stimulated by dibutyrlyl adenosine cyclic monophosphate.
Thermal wave reflections of a pulsed stripe heat source from a plane boundary (2000)

An experimental and theoretical study is carried out of thermal wave reflections from a plane boundary, such as the back wall of a solid slab, following pulsed heating of the front surface of the slab. The heating pattern is a long, uniform stripe source of finite width. Imaging is carried out using a high spatial resolution, high frame rate focal plane array infrared camera to monitor the surface temperature, through its emission of IR radiation in the 3–5 μm spectral band. We consider the spatial temperature distribution as a function of time, not only on the back surface of the slab, but also on the front surface. The theory is based on the assumption of thermal wave reflections from the two insulating (solid/air) boundaries of the slab, and its predictions are in excellent agreement with experimental data for both surfaces of a pure isotropic slab (Cu) and a highly anisotropic slab (uniaxial carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer composite). The unheated region of the front surface shows two peaks as a function of time — one resulting from the direct propagation of the thermal pulse along the surface from the edge of the source to the observation point, the other resulting from the highly damped reflections from the back surface of the slab. Because of the fact that the first peak depends only on the in-plane diffusivity, and the second peak is strongly dependent on the through-slab diffusivity, the technique can be used to make single-sided measurements of all three principal components of the thermal diffusivity.
Inertial Sensor Technology for Elite Swimming Performance Analysis: A Systematic Review (2015)

Technical evaluation of swimming performance is an essential factor of elite athletic preparation. Novel methods of analysis, incorporating body worn inertial sensors (i.e., Microelectromechanical systems, or MEMS, accelerometers and gyroscopes), have received much attention recently from both research and commercial communities as an alternative to video-based approaches. This technology may allow for improved analysis of stroke mechanics, race performance and energy expenditure, as well as real-time feedback to the coach, potentially enabling more efficient, competitive and quantitative coaching. The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic review of the literature related to the use of inertial sensors for the technical analysis of swimming performance. This paper focuses on providing an evaluation of the accuracy of different feature detection algorithms described in the literature for the analysis of different phases of swimming, specifically starts, turns and free-swimming. The consequences associated with different sensor attachment locations are also considered for both single and multiple sensor configurations. Additional information such as this should help practitioners to select the most appropriate systems and methods for extracting the key performance related parameters that are important to them for analysing their swimmers' performance and may serve to inform both applied and research practices.
Methodology in Determination of Cholesterol (1955)

Methodology in Determination of Cholesterol: A Review Get access B. Zak, Ph.D., B. Zak, Ph.D. Department of Pathology, Wayne University College of Medicine and Detroit Receiving Hospital, and Department of Medicine, Wayne County General Hospital, Eloise, Michigan Dr. Zak is Medical Laboratory Analyst, Department of Pathology, City of Detroit Receiving Hospital; Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. Ressler, Ph.D. N. Ressler, Ph.D. Department of Pathology, Wayne University College of Medicine and Detroit Receiving Hospital, and Department of Medicine, Wayne County General Hospital, Eloise, Michigan Dr. Ressler is Research Biochemist, Department of Medicine, Wayne County General Hospital. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 25, Issue 4_ts, April 1955, Pages 433–446, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/25.4_ts.0433 Published: 01 April 1955 Article history Received: 16 October 1954 Accepted: 22 November 1954 Published: 01 April 1955
A back-end computer for data base management (1974)

It is proposed that the data base management function be placed on a dedicated back-end computer which accepts commands (in a relatively high level language such as the CODASYL Data Base Task Group, April 1971 Report) from a host computer, accesses the data base on secondary storage, and returns results. The advantages of such a configuration are discussed. An experimental implementation, called the eXperimental Data Management System, XDMS, is described and certain conclusions about the back-end approach are drawn from this implementation.