gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transcription Enhancer Factor-1-dependent Expression of the α-Tropomyosin Gene in the Three Muscle Cell Types (2006)

In vertebrates, the actin-binding proteins tropomyosins are encoded by four distinct genes that are expressed in a complex pattern during development and muscle differentiation. In this study, we have characterized the transcriptional machinery of the alpha-tropomyosin (alpha-Tm) gene in muscle cells. Promoter analysis revealed that a 284-bp proximal promoter region of the Xenopus laevis alpha-Tm gene is sufficient for maximal activity in the three muscle cell types. The transcriptional activity of this promoter in the three muscle cell types depends on both distinct and common cis-regulatory sequences. We have identified a 30-bp conserved sequence unique to all vertebrate alpha-Tm genes that contains an MCAT site that is critical for expression of the gene in all muscle cell types. This site can bind transcription enhancer factor-1 (TEF-1) present in muscle cells both in vitro and in vivo. In serum-deprived differentiated smooth muscle cells, TEF-1 was redistributed to the nucleus, and this correlated with increased activity of the alpha-Tm promoter. Overexpression of TEF-1 mRNA in Xenopus embryonic cells led to activation of both the endogenous alpha-Tm gene and the exogenous 284-bp promoter. Finally, we show that, in transgenic embryos and juveniles, an intact MCAT sequence is required for correct temporal and spatial expression of the 284-bp gene promoter. This study represents the first analysis of the transcriptional regulation of the alpha-Tm gene in vivo and highlights a common TEF-1-dependent regulatory mechanism necessary for expression of the gene in the three muscle lineages.
Total Synthesis of (±)-Powelline and (±)-Buphanidrine (2010)

The total synthesis of (±)-powelline (13 linear steps in an overall yield of 6%) and (±)-buphanidrine (14 linear steps and a 6% overall yield) and has been achieved using a novel approach to the crinane skeleton. An organocatalytic oxidative coupling allowed direct construction of the key quaternary carbon-to-aryl bond in high yield allowing rapid access to the target alkaloids.
Screening of Charged Electrodes in Aqueous Electrolytes (1995)

Molecular dynamics simulations are used to demonstrate for the first time that systems about 4 nm thick containing 1200–1600 water molecules and at 1–3M concentrations exhibit the main components of electric double layers at charged metal surfaces. In particular, for the system chosen, there are regions clearly identifiable as a bulk electrolyte zone, a diffuse layer that screens the charge on the electrode, and a layer of oriented water localized next to the electrode. The width of the diffuse layer increases with decrease in salt concentration from 0.2 nm at 3M to 0.5 nm at 1M. All the calculations are based on the simple point‐charge (SPCE) water model and the immersed‐electrode approximation.
SYMPOSIUM: Clearance of Aβ from the Brain in Alzheimer's Disease: Perivascular Drainage of Amyloid‐β Peptides from the Brain and Its Failure in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and Alzheimer's Disease (2008)

Alzheimer's disease is the commonest dementia. One major characteristic of its pathology is accumulation of amyloid-beta (Abeta) as insoluble deposits in brain parenchyma and in blood vessel walls [cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)]. The distribution of Abeta deposits in the basement membranes of cerebral capillaries and arteries corresponds to the perivascular drainage pathways by which interstitial fluid (ISF) and solutes are eliminated from the brain--effectively the lymphatic drainage of the brain. Theoretical models suggest that vessel pulsations supply the motive force for perivascular drainage of ISF and solutes. As arteries stiffen with age, the amplitude of pulsations is reduced and insoluble Abeta is deposited in ISF drainage pathways as CAA, thus, further impeding the drainage of soluble Abeta. Failure of perivascular drainage of Abeta and deposition of Abeta in the walls of arteries has two major consequences: (i) intracerebral hemorrhage associated with rupture of Abeta-laden arteries in CAA; and (ii) Alzheimer's disease in which failure of elimination of ISF, Abeta and other soluble metabolites from the brain alters homeostasis and the neuronal environment resulting in cognitive decline and dementia. Therapeutic strategies that improve elimination of Abeta and other soluble metabolites from the brain may prevent cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease.
Global congestion control in hybrid ATM/TDMA networks (2002)

A new global congestion control scheme is analyzed for the ATM multiplexer node. This scheme is based on the leaky bucket and virtual leaky bucket techniques. It prioritizes transit traffic over local traffic. It ensures quality of service (QOS) to several classes of traffic (i.e., video, voice and data, etc.). A new global congestion control algorithm is designed using the congestion criteria of the adjacent nodes. Early warning cells are transmitted periodically to all adjacent nodes to communicate congestion criteria. The transport users are assumed to be generic ATM sources. The transport users modulate end-to-end flow control parameters, i.e., protocol data unit size in case of video and voice users, and window size in case of data users, based on global congestion status. Simple analytical formulas are derived for global congestion criteria, to represent the required bandwidth to support various traffic classes of service.
Single HA2 Mutation Increases the Infectivity and Immunogenicity of a Live Attenuated H5N1 Intranasal Influenza Vaccine Candidate Lacking NS1 (2011)

Our finding suggests that an efficient intranasal vaccination with a live attenuated H5N1 virus may require a certain level of pH and temperature stability of HA in order to achieve an optimal virus uptake by the nasal epithelial cells and induce a sufficient immune response. The pH of the activation of the H5 HA protein may play a substantial role in the infectivity of HPAIVs for mammals.
Factors Predicting Labor Induction Success: A Critical Analysis (2006)

Because of the risk of failed induction of labor, a variety of maternal and fetal factors as well as screening tests have been suggested to predict labor induction success. Certain characteristics of the woman (including parity, age, weight, height and body mass index), and of the fetus (including birth weight and gestational age) are associated with the success of labor induction; with parous, young women who are taller and lower weight having a higher rate of induction success. Fetuses with a lower birth weight or increased gestational age are also associated with increased induction success. The condition of the cervix at the start of induction is an important predictor, with the modified Bishop score being a widely used scoring system. The most important element of the Bishop score is dilatation. Other predictors, including transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) and biochemical markers [including fetal fibronectin (fFN)] have been suggested. Meta-analyses of studies identified from MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE and published from 1990 to October 2005 were performed evaluating the use of TVUS and fFN in predicting labor induction success in women at term with singleton gestations. Both TVUS and Bishop score predicted successful induction [likelihood ratio (LR)=1.82, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.51-2.20 and LR=2.10, 95%CI=1.67-2.64, respectively]. As well, fFN and Bishop score predicted successful induction (LR=1.49, 95%CI=1.20-1.85, and LR=2.62, 95%CI=1.88-3.64, respectively). Although TVUS and fFN predicted successful labor induction, neither has been shown to be superior to Bishop score. Further research is needed to evaluate these potential predictors and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), another potential biochemical marker.
A Database And Challenge For Acoustic Scene Classification And Event Detection (2013)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Marrakech, Morocco, 2013
Polyion Complex Micelles with Reactive Aldehyde Groups on Their Surface from Plasmid DNA and End-Functionalized Charged Block Copolymers (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorPolyion Complex Micelles with Reactive Aldehyde Groups on Their Surface from Plasmid DNA and End-Functionalized Charged Block CopolymersKazunori Kataoka, Atsushi Harada, Daisuke Wakebayashi, and Yukio NagasakiView Author Information Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, and Department of Material Science & Technology, Science University of Tokyo, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan Cite this: Macromolecules 1999, 32, 20, 6892–6894Publication Date (Web):September 11, 1999Publication History Received18 June 1999Revised16 August 1999Published online11 September 1999Published inissue 1 October 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma990973nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma990973nrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views790Altmetric-Citations87LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aldehydes,Copolymers,Genetics,Micelles,Organic compounds Get e-Alerts
SystemCoDesigner—an automatic ESL synthesis approach by design space exploration and behavioral synthesis for streaming applications (2009)

With increasing design complexity, the gap from ESL (Electronic System Level) design to RTL synthesis becomes more and more crucial to many industrial projects. Although several behavioral synthesis tools exist to automatically generate synthesizable RTL code from C/C++/SystemC-based input descriptions and software generation for embedded processors is automated as well, an efficient ESL synthesis methodology combining both is still missing. This article presents SystemCoDesigner, a novel SystemC-based ESL tool to automatically optimize a hardware/software SoC (System on Chip) implementation with respect to several objectives. Starting from a SystemC behavioral model, SystemCoDesigner automatically extracts the mathematical model, performs a behavioral synthesis step, and explores the multiobjective design space using state-of-the-art multiobjective optimization algorithms. During design space exploration, a single design point is evaluated by simulating highly accurate performance models, which are automatically generated from the SystemC behavioral model and the behavioral synthesis results. Moreover, SystemCoDesigner permits the automatic generation of bit streams for FPGA targets from any previously optimized SoC implementation. Thus SystemCoDesigner is the first fully automated ESL synthesis tool providing a correct-by-construction generation of hardware/software SoC implementations. As a case study, a model of a Motion-JPEG decoder was automatically optimized and implemented using SystemCoDesigner. Several synthesized SoC variants based on this model show different tradeoffs between required hardware costs and achieved system throughput, ranging from software-only solutions to pure hardware implementations that reach real-time performance for QCIF streams on a 50MHz FPGA.
Image coding based on selective quantization of the reconstruction noise in the dominant sub-band (2003)

Multistage quantization is used to encode the intensity waveform in the most dominant subband. The reconstruction error in the first stage of the process is itself quantized and first-stage reconstruction is refined by removing from it the most objectionable components of quantized reconstruction error. The reconstruction error is coded on the basis of a bit allocation algorithm that utilizes the fact that perceptually significant error samples tend to occur in clusters in high-entropy parts of the input image frame. Application of this technique to a 512*512 monochrome image results in good communications quality at a rate of 0.5 bit per pixel for the simplest case of a two-band partition in horizontal and vertical frequencies, for a total of four subbands. By increasing the number of subbands to 16, significantly higher image quality can be realized at the same bit rate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reactions of methyl anthranilate with ethyl γ-bromobutyrate (1970)

When methyl anthranilate and ethyl γ-bromobutyrate are heated together, various products are formed: above 125° the main product is a yellow compound for which a 7b,12b-diazabenz[e]aceanthrylene structure is postulated.
Horizon Detection in Seismic Data: An Application of Linked Feature Detection from Multiple Time Series (2014)

Seismic studies are a key stage in the search for large scale underground features such as water reserves, gas pockets, or oil fields. Sound waves, generated on the earth’s surface, travel through the ground before being partially reflected at interfaces between regions with high contrast in acoustic properties such as between liquid and solid. After returning to the surface, the reflected signals are recorded by acoustic sensors. Importantly, reflections from different depths return at different times, and hence the data contain depth information as well as position. A strong reflecting interface, called a horizon, indicates a stratigraphic boundary between two different regions, and it is the location of these horizons which is of key importance. This paper proposes a simple approach for the automatic identification of horizons, which avoids computationally complex and time consuming 3D reconstruction. The new approach combines nonparametric smoothing and classification techniques which are applied directly to the seismic data, with novel graphical representations of the intermediate steps introduced. For each sensor position, potential horizon locations are identified along the corresponding time-series traces. These candidate locations are then examined across all traces and when consistent patterns occur the points are linked together to form coherent horizons.
Partition of lipids between emulsified oil and micellar phases of glyceride-bile salt dispersions (1967)

The composition of the emulsified oil and of the micellar phases obtained when a glyceride-fatty acid mixture is dispersed in bile salt solution has been defined. The micellar phase in equilibrium with the emulsified oil phase was obtained by filtration through Millipore filters. The behavior of different lipids in such systems was defined as the partition ratio, micellar/emulsified oil phase (m/o). Partition of fatty acids was found to be strongly dependent on the chain length of the fatty acid and the pH of the dispersion. The curve for partition against pH for oleic acid was interpreted to show a pK(a) for oleic acid in bile salt solution of approximately 7. The partition between micellar and oil phases is given for a series of lipids of different polarity. No significant difference in behavior was found for cholesterol and sitosterol. A relationship was found between the partition m/o and filtration rates through a Millipore filter in micellar solution. The lower the partition coefficient the lower was the rate of filtration. The results obtained are discussed in relation to the mechanism of absorption of fat from the small intestine.
Gene for porcine pregnancy‐associated glycoprotein 2 (poPAG2): Its structural organization and analysis of its promoter* (2001)

The pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG) are abundant secretory products of the placental trophectoderm of ungulate species. They are structurally related to pepsin, having the capability to bind peptides. However, many cannot function as enzymes due to amino acid substitutions in and around the catalytic site. Here, we demonstrate that pigs, like cattle and sheep, but unlike equids, have multiple PAG genes. One of the transcribed porcine PAG (poPAG) genes, the one for poPAG2, was cloned. It had a nine-exon organization similar to that of other mammalian aspartic proteinase genes with an atypical TATA sequence. A total of 1.2 kbp upstream from exon 1 was sequenced. This region shared identity (> 65%) with the promoter regions of the bovine (bo) PAG1, boPAG2 and equine (eq) PAG genes, but not with other aspartyl proteinase genes, including that of pepsinogen A. Nor were there clear similarities to the promoters of other genes with trophoblast-specific expression. Of the different poPAG2 promoter constructs tested in transfection experiments in two human (JAr and JEG3) and one rat (Rcho) choriocarcinoma cell lines, only the shortest (-149 bp) was required to provide full expression of a luciferase reporter. Although this short promoter was not active in Cos-1 and L-929 cells, it was active in CHO cells, a transformed non-trophoblast hamster ovarian cell line. Co-transfection of Ets2 elevated the activity of this short promoter approximately six-fold in JAr cells, but, disruption of the two putative Ets sites did not alter the ability of Ets2 to transactivate the promoter. In the non-trophoblast cell lines, Ets2 failed to elicit any response. Ets2 responsiveness may be a common feature of most or all trophoblast-expressed genes, although in the case of poPAG2, the effect may be indirect.
T cell tolerance is influenced by concomitant T cell recognition of cross-reactive self-peptides (1996)

Although the current dogma of T cell recognition stresses its exquisite specificity, T cell clones selected for a given peptide can recognize other sequentially or structurally related peptides. Here, we have examined the immunogenicity and tolerogenicity of various self-peptides derived from region 61-80 of different MHC class I proteins co-expressed in the same mouse. Following immunization of B10.A mice (K(k), A(k), E(k), L(d), D(d)) with self-L(d) 61-80 peptide, vigorous MHC class II-restricted T cell proliferation was elicited after restimulation with either the immunogen or with self-K(k) 61-80 but not with self-D(d) 61-80. Furthermore, adult B10.A mice, tolerized with L(d) 61-80 prior to immunization with L(d) 61-80 did not respond to challenge with L(d) 61-80 and the cross-reactive K(k) 61-80. However, following K(k) 61-80 immunization, L(d) 61-80-tolerized mice responded to K(k) 61-80 but not to L(d) 61-80. Thus, tolerance induction to L(d) 61-80 resulted in the elimination/inactivation of L(d) 61-80-reactive T cells including the subpopulation that cross-reacted with K(k) 61-80. However, T cells that recognized K(k) 61-80 exclusively were preserved. Moreover, we showed that immunization with K(k) 61-80 resulted in tolerance breakdown to the cross-reactive, dominant self-peptide D(b) 61-80 in B10.A(4R) mice (K(k), A(k), L(d),D(b)). Together, these results show that the autoimmune T cell repertoire is influenced by the concomitant recognition of different cross-reactive self-peptides within the same individual.
<title>Fair benchmark for image watermarking systems</title> (1999)

Since the early 90s a number of papers on 'robust' digital watermarking systems have been presented but none of them uses the same robustness criteria. This is not practical at all for comparison and slows down progress in this area. To address this issue, we present an evaluation procedure of image watermarking systems. First we identify all necessary parameters for proper benchmarking and investigate how to quantitatively describe the image degradation introduced by the watermarking process. For this, we show the weaknesses of usual image quality measures in the context watermarking and propose a novel measure adapted to the human visual system. Then we show how to efficiently evaluate the watermark performance in such a way that fair comparisons between different methods are possible. The usefulness of three graphs: 'attack vs. visual-quality,' 'bit-error vs. visual quality,' and 'bit-error vs. attack' are investigated. In addition the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) graphs are reviewed and proposed to describe statistical detection behavior of watermarking methods. Finally we review a number of attacks that any system should survive to be really useful and propose a benchmark and a set of different suitable images.
Baculovirus structural proteins (1992)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
A Novel del(20q) in Aggressive Nodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma (2013)

This is a case report of a previously undescribed 20q chromosomal deletion (del(20q)) in marginal zone lymphoma (MZL). A 54-year-old Caucasian male presented with an enlarging neck mass and multiple violaceous skin nodules over his chest. Biopsy of the neck mass and cervical lymph nodes revealed MZL. Cytogenetic evaluation of both lymph node and bone marrow tissue revealed del(20q). This was an unexpected finding, as del(20q) is associated with myelodysplastic syndromes and myeloproliferative neoplasms and rarely seen in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and T-cell lymphoma, but has not previously been described in MZL. We describe the case presentation and histologic findings and discuss the significance of this novel finding.
Amino acid uptake in arterio-venous serum of normal and cancerous colon tissues (2004)

Abnormal synthetic metabolism of colon cancer may contribute to its higher amino acid uptake rate than that of normal colon.
Review article: antibiotic‐induced <i>Clostridium difficile</i> infection (1996)

The great majority of cases of Clostridium difficile infection are hospital-acquired, and the reported incidence in England and Wales has increased sixfold between 1990 and 1993, with at least 17 patients dying in a recent large nosocomial outbreak. C. difficile infection accounts for an average 3-week increased length of stay in hospital. Acquisition of a toxigenic strain of Clostridium difficile may be followed by asymptomatic carriage, diarrhoea, colitis or pseudomembranous colitis. Antibiotic treatment and older age are major risk factors for the development of symptomatic disease, but less well-defined differences in strain virulence and host susceptibility are also probably important. Accurate data on the relative risks of different antibiotics to induce symptomatic C. difficile infection are scarce, but third-generation cephalosporins are frequently implicated. New kits are becoming available for the laboratory diagnosis of C. difficile infection but many of these lack sensitivity. Oral metronidazole or vancomycin are the main treatment options but avoidance of further antibiotics should also be encouraged where possible. The role of environmental C. difficile spores, which are highly resistant to conventional disinfectants, needs to be defined. Proven strategies for the prevention of C. difficile infection are required, in particular protocols to ensure that cross-infection does not occur.