gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chromosome Studies on Normal and Leukemic Human Leukocytes (1960)

Chromosome studies were made on myeloblasts obtained from the peripheral blood of 4 patients (3 males, 1 female) with acute or chronic granulocytic leukemia and on leukocytes from 3 healthy individuals (1 male, 2 females). The cells were grown in culture for 2 to 4 days before examination. Both in normal and in leukemic cells, the predominant metaphase chromosome number was 46. However, idiogram analyses revealed a definite abnormality, probably involving the Y chromosome, in the 2 cases of chronic granulocytic leukemia. No chromosome abnormality was distinguishable in the 2 cases of acute leukemia (1 male, 1 female) investigated. The results indicate that in some leukemic human leukocytes small but definite chromosomal changes are demonstrable.
wu han di qu jian kang han zu ren xiao chang zhi fang suan jie he dan bai ji yin de duo tai xing yan jiu (2000)

为了解武汉地区健康汉族人小肠脂肪酸结合蛋白基因(FABPα)多态性,应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术检测120例对象的FABPα HhaI位点的限制性片段长度多态性(RFLPs).结果显示,武汉地区健康汉族人存在FABPα多态性.
Relationships of shear-induced changes in the potential energy landscape to the mechanical properties of ductile glasses (1999)

The effects of shear on the potential energy landscape are examined with regard to the mechanical properties of ductile glasses. Shear strain is found to cause the disappearance of local potential energy minima, rendering the system mechanically unstable and forcing the system to move to alternate local minima. These mechanical instabilities are characterized by the decrease to zero of several features of the potential energy landscape: a barrier height, the curvature at both the barrier and the local minimum, and the distance from the barrier to the local minimum. From an analysis of the results of different size systems, the mechanical instabilities are shown to be localized to a small number of atoms. The consequences of the mechanical instabilities on the mechanical properties are stress drops which give rise to the yielding and plastic-flow behavior characteristic of ductile glasses; these stress drops are discontinuous at the molecular level, but become continuous at the macroscopic level. A simple model is developed which demonstrates that different stress–strain behaviors are obtained as the characteristics of the mechanical instabilities change. This simple model is also used to elucidate the effects of temperature on the mechanical properties.
Sinapoylglucose: Malate Sinapoyltransferase Activity in Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica rapa (1992)

Protein preparations from Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica rapa catalyzed the formation of O-sinapoyl-ʟ-malate using 1-O-sinapoyl-β-glucose as acyl donor. The enzyme involved, 1-O-sinapoyl-β-glucose :ʟ-malate O-sinapoyltransferase (SMT; EC 2 .3 .1 .-), catalyzes in the cotyledons of the seedlings the key step in the conversion of the seed constituent sinapine (O-sinapoylcholine) to sinapoylmalate by way of the intermediate sinapoylglucose.
Ultrafast zero balance of the oscillator-strength sum rule in graphene (2013)

Abstract Oscillator-strength sum rule in light-induced transitions is one general form of quantum-mechanical identities. Although this sum rule is well established in equilibrium photo-physics, an experimental corroboration for the validation of the sum rule in a nonequilibrium regime has been a long-standing unexplored question. The simple band structure of graphene is an ideal system for investigating this question due to the linear Dirac-like energy dispersion. Here, we employed both ultrafast terahertz and optical spectroscopy to directly monitor the transient oscillator-strength balancing between quasi-free low-energy oscillators and high-energy Fermi-edge ones. Upon photo-excitation of hot Dirac fermions, we observed that the ultrafast depletion of high-energy oscillators precisely complements the increased terahertz absorption oscillators. Our results may provide an experimental priori to understand, for example, the intrinsic free-carrier dynamics to the high-energy photo-excitation, responsible for optoelectronic operation such as graphene-based phototransistor or solar-energy harvesting devices.
Dissipation in Turbulent Flows (2014)

This article reviews evidence concerning the cornerstone dissipation scaling of turbulence theory: [Formula: see text], with C ϵ =const., ϵ the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] an integral length scale characterizing the energy-containing turbulent eddies. This scaling is intimately linked to the Richardson-Kolmogorov equilibrium cascade. Accumulating evidence shows that a significant nonequilibrium region exists in various turbulent flows in which the energy spectrum has Kolmogorov's −5/3 wave-number scaling over a wide wave-number range, yet C ϵ ∼Re m I /Re n L , with m≈1≈n, Re I a global/inlet Reynolds number, and Re L a local turbulence Reynolds number.
Rhizobacteria-mediated induced systemic resistance (ISR) in Arabidopsis: involvement of jasmonate and ethylene (2000)

The capacity of a plant to express a broad-spectrum systemic acquired\nresistance (SAR) after primary infection is well known and extensively\nstudied. A relatively unknown form of induced disease\nresistance is triggered by nonpathogenic, root-colonizing rhizobacteria and is\ncommonly referred to as rhizobacteria-mediated\ninduced systemic resistance (ISR). Rhizosphere bacteria are present in large\nnumbers on the root. Certain strains stimulate\nplant growth and are therefore called plant\ngrowth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Selected\nstrains with biological control activity, mainly\nfluorescent Pseudomonas spp., reduce plant\ndiseases by suppressing soil-borne pathogens\nthrough competition for nutrients, siderophore-mediated\ncompetition for iron or antibiosis.
Carbohydrate-Bearing 3-Hydroxy-4-pyridinonato Complexes of Gallium(III) and Indium(III) (2005)

Gallium and indium complexes with pendant carbohydrates have been prepared and examined for their potential as radiopharmaceuticals. Carbohydrate-bearing 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone ligand precursors and their tris(ligand)gallium(III) and -indium(III) complexes were synthesized and characterized by mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, and in the case of one intermediate, by X-ray crystallography. With three equivalents of ligand, neutral complexes formed with the bidentate hydroxypyridinone moiety complexing the gallium(III) and indium(III) metal centers.
An expert system for discrete component digital circuit design (1987)

Abstract : The design of digital circuits is cumbersome and prone to errors. Current estimates show that a circuit designed with 5 integrated circuits has less than a 50% chance of working, due to wiring errors, when power is first applied. As the complexity increases, the probability of the circuit working on the first try decreases rapidly. Design errors fall into two categories: wiring or logic errors. Wiring errors consist of improperly connected gates, missing connections, and violations of fanout, or race conditions. Logic errors, which are more complex to detect, require knowledge of intended circuit function. This thesis designs, develops, and tests an expert system which decomposes digital circuits into subproblems described by database technology in order to detect wiring errors. Information needed to connect chips together is viewed as knowledge base information for the expert system. Information such as number of pins, value of each pin (input, output), type of chip, etc., are represented in a database.
Alkaloid Genotype Diversity of Tall Fescue Endophytes (2014)

ABSTRACT Tall fescue { Festuca arundinacea Schreb. [syn Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.]}, a common forage grass used in temperate regions, forms mutually beneficial symbioses with hybrid epichloid endophytes, including the well‐described species Neotyphodium coenophialum . These endophytes confer many benefits to their plant hosts, including the production of bioactive alkaloids that deter insect and/or mammalian herbivory. Individual seeds from 176 tall fescue accessions were collected worldwide, including representatives of both Continental and Mediterranean morphotypes, and screened via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for endophyte incidence and potential chemotypic diversity. A total of 89 endophyte‐infected seed lines were identified and screened with markers representing key genes within the four alkaloid biosynthesis loci, EAS (ergot alkaloids), IDT (indole‐diterpenes), LOL (lolines), and PER (peramine). Endophyte alkaloid genotypes based on alkaloid biosynthetic gene‐specific patterns were developed for each infected seed, and the alkaloid potential for each endophyte was predicted. Genotype profiles were compared to those of 11 known tall fescue endophytes to identify genotype variation within species as well as the prevalence of each species. Some Plant Introduction (PI) accessions arising from multiple germplasm sources were determined to contain two to three independent endophyte genotypes across the seeds tested. The results from this study provide insight into the genotype and chemotype diversity of endophytes present in populations of tall fescue worldwide and support evidence that tall fescue endophytes are host specific.
Studies on Direct Carburization of (WTi)C from the Mixture of WO3, TiO2 and C (1975)

The direct carburization of (WTi)C, using WO3 powder as a starting material, is not industrialized owing to many quality problems.Therefore, in this paper the possibility of (WTi)C carburization from the mixture Of WO3, TiO2 and C was examined, As a result, a new process in which the mixture is first heated in N 2 and then re-heated in H2 at higher temperature was presented. By this process, (WTi)C powders of good quality, fine, and uniform grain size were obtained and the alloy made of this powder showed good properties.The process of each reaction stage was studied. By the first heat treatment in N 2, WO3 was reduced by carbon to fine WC powder, and TiO2 was changed into Ti(NCO) containing a lot of nitrogen.By the second heat treatment in H2 at higher temperature, N 2, O 2 and H2 gas contained were completely removed from (WTi)C solid solution by the reaction between WC and TiC.
Application of a Binary Polymer System in Drug Release Rate Modulation. 1. Characterization of Release Mechanism (1997)

A new binary polymer matrix tablet for oral administration was developed. The system will deliver drug at variable rates according to zero-order kinetics for total drug content and is manufactured by direct compression technology. Highly methoxylated pectin and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) at different ratios were used as major formulation components, and prednisolone was used as the drug model. The results indicate that by increasing pectin:HPMC ratios, release rates are increased, but zero-order kinetics prevail throughout the dissolution period (e.g., 3-22 h). Different pectin:HPMC ratios provide a range of viscosities that modulates drug release and results in rapid hydration/gelation in both axial and radial directions, as evidenced by photomicrographic pictures. This hydration-gelation contributes to the development of swelling/erosion boundaries and consequently to constant drug release. Combination of these particular polymers facilitates rapid formation of necessary boundaries (i.e., gel layer and solid core boundaries) to control overall mass transfer processes. The drug fraction released (Mt/M infinity), release kinetics, and mechanism of release were analyzed by applying the simple power law expression Mt/M infinity = kt(n), where k is a kinetic constant and the exponent n is indicative of the release mechanism. The calculated n values for pectin:HPMC ratios of 4:5, 3:6, and 2:7 were >0.95, which is indicative of a Case II transport mechanism (polymer relaxation/dissolution). The achievement of total zero-order kinetics is due to the predictable swelling/erosion and final polymer chain deaggregation and dissolution that is regulated by the gelling characteristics of polymers in the formulation.
Analysis of Regenerative Braking Effect for E-REV Bus According to Driving Cycle Based on Simulation (2014)

Among eco-friendly vehicles, extended range electric vehicle (E-REV) is concept for electric vehicle that has light engine for extended range driving. One of the most important features of these vehicles based electricity is their ability to recover significant amounts of braking energy. Recovering the braking energy and reusing it can significantly improve the fuel economy of the vehicle which is subject to frequent braking events such as a city bus. To develop the E-REV bus, the regenerative braking effect should be checked in advance. However, because of many technical constraints, regenerative braking should consider some conditions like vehicle speed, accelerator pedal signal, brake pedal signal, battery voltage and so on. Hence, regenerative braking torque is assumed as 2D and 3D maps with these conditions based on simulation. Fuel economy simulations are conducted to analyze regenerative braking effect according to driving cycle. They consist of E-REV bus without regenerative braking and with regenerative braking torque maps. Fuel economy difference between two cases was calculated and driving cycles were analyzed. Among the characteristic analyzed, the aggressiveness means harshness of driving cycle. And the inclination between the aggressiveness and the fuel economy difference is verified. The smaller absolute value of the aggressiveness is, the smaller fuel economy difference is. In short, the aggressiveness and the regenerative braking effect have direct proportion. According to the obvious tendency, proper regenerative braking should be determined.
New and Unique Method for Measuring Video Analogue Component Signal Parameters (1985)

Based on the growing need to distribute and process the video signal in analogue component form, a means of simultaneously monitoring at least three component signals is needed. A traditional voltage versus time display of the signals in sequence (parade) is quite useful for monitoring and measuring a number of signal parameters. In the case of RGB components, the parade display is typically used and illustrates amplitude, transient response (group delay), and frequency response errors in any or all of the components. Relative errors in amplitude and timing are more difficult to measure with the parade display unless the waveform monitor can be adjusted to overlay the component signals on top of one another. The display can then be expanded vertically and horizontally to provide the resolution needed for precise timing and amplitude comparisons.
Masoprocol lowers blood pressure in rats with fructose-induced hypertension (1999)

Rats with fructose-induced hypertension were treated by oral gavage with either masoprocol (nordihydroguaiaretic acid) or vehicle. Masoprocol treatment resulted in significantly (P < .05 to .001) lower values for systolic blood pressure (120 +/- 3 v 164 +/- 5 mm Hg), as well as plasma insulin (30 +/- 5 v 44 +/- 4 microU/mL), free fatty acid (551 +/- 20 v 692 +/- 22 microEq/L), and triglyceride (79 +/- 5 v 219 +/- 32 mg/dL) concentrations. These results indicate that masoprocol, a lipoxygenase inhibitor, is able to lower blood pressure, as well as improve the metabolic abnormalities present in a rodent model of hypertension that simulates the characteristic of many patients with essential hypertension.
<title>Maximum-entropy methods for despeckling and resampling synthetic aperture radar images of rough terrain</title> (1997)

SAR systems, like any coherent imaging system, are subject to (I) speckling effects, which considerably reduce the useful detail within the acquired scenes and (II), strong geometric distortions. Furthermore, the resolution of SAR systems is comparable to the size of many of the objects of interest in the scene. Our paper proposes a unified treatment of these problems within the framework of probabilistic inference. Despeckling and segmentation are the main objectives only in the first case. In the second case, due to the strong geometric aberrations introduced by the SAR image formation system, the emphasis is on image resampling, with speckle reduction and image segmentation as collateral, but strongly related issues. In both cases, the model is built upon the statistical properties of the speckle noise and the SAR image formation equations.
Regular Expression Filtering on Multiple <i>q</i>-Grams (2017)

Regular expression matching is essential in network and big-data applications; however, it still has a serious performance bottleneck. The state-of-the-art schemes use a multi-pattern exact string-matching algorithm as a filtering module placed before a heavy regular expression engine. We design a new approximate string-matching filter using multiple q-grams; this filter not only achieves better space compactness, but it also has higher throughput than the existing filters.
Measurement of Particle Density by Inertial Classification of Differential Mobility Analyzer–Generated Monodisperse Aerosols (1992)

A density measurement technique based on the selection of a monodisperse aerosol with a differential mobility analyzer followed by classification according to aerodynamic diameter with an impactor has been designed and tested. Experimental results were obtained for several laboratory aerosols (dioctyl phthalate, (NH4)2SO4, NaCl, and H2SO4 at a range of humidities) by using four different microorifice uniform deposit impactor stages with aerodynamic diameter cut-offs of 0.12–0.56 Jim. The average error in measured particle densities is 4% and a maximum error of 8% is observed for all of the materials tested except NaCl, for which the measured effective density is 14% smaller than the true density. The discrepancy for NaCl is attributed to nonspherical particle shape. The system will be applied in the future to measure the densities of submicrometer atmospheric particles.
Teaching operating systems using android (2012)

The computing landscape is shifting towards mobile devices. To learn about operating systems, it is increasingly important for students to gain hands-on kernel programming experience in these environments, which are quite different from traditional desktops and servers. We present our work at Columbia University to teach operating systems using Android, an open, commercially supported software platform increasingly used on mobile and embedded devices. We introduce a series of five Android kernel programming projects suitable for a one semester introductory operating systems course. Each project teaches a core operating system concept infused with Android or mobile device specific context, such as Android specific process relationships, use of sensors, and design considerations for resource constrained mobile devices. We also introduce an Android virtual laboratory based on virtual appliances, distributed version control, and live demonstrations which gives students hands-on Android experience, with minimal computing infrastructure. We have used these Android kernel programming projects and the Android virtual lab to teach an introductory operating systems course. Although this was our first time teaching the course using Android, over 80% of students surveyed enjoyed using Android and the majority of students preferred Android to traditional desktop development.
Efficient CRISPR-Cas9 mediated gene disruption in primary erythroid progenitor cells (2016)

The study of isolated primary progenitor cells offers great insight into developmental biology and human disease. In particular, ex vivo culture of isolated primary erythroid progenitor cells replicates the differentiation events that occur during in vivo erythropoiesis. Herein we report a high-
Continous deployment of multi-cloud systems (2015)

In this paper we present our mechanism and tooling for the continuous deployment and resource provisioning of multi-cloud applications. In order to facilitate collaboration between development and operation teams as promoted in the DevOps movement, our deployment and resource provisioning engine is based on the [email protected] principles. This enables applying the same concepts and language (i.e., CloudML) for deployment and resource provisioning at development-and operation-time.
A 1.5 V, wide band 3 GHz, CMOS quadrature direct up-converter for multi-mode wireless communications (2002)

This paper presents a 1.5 V, full CMOS, quadrature, direct upconversion mixer for multi-mode wireless communications. The chip includes both a wide band polyphase filter, the linear quadrature up-conversion mixers and a single-ended output stage. More than 35 dBc mirror suppression has been measured over the 700 MHz to 3 GHz frequency range, without any additional trimming or tuning. Any distortion or intermodulation component is lower than -32 dBc and the LO feedthrough is below -35 dBc up to 3 GHz. The chip has been realized in standard 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS technology.
Investigation of the Growth Mechanism of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles via a Seed-Mediated Method and Its Cytotoxicity Studies (2008)

We report here the development of a seed-mediated growth method for the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles with tunable size distribution and magnetic properties. We have investigated the size distribution of seed as well as iron oxide nanoparticles during the growth process using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It has been observed that the distribution of size gradually becomes narrow with time via the intraparticle ripening process and Oswald ripening process. The magnetization measurements were performed using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) from room temperature to 5 K to determine the effect of size distribution on the blocking temperature (Tb) and splitting temperature (Tsplitting). The thermogravimetric analyses exhibited the size-dependent weight loss of the magnetic nanoparticles. The in vitro cytotoxicity tests were also performed to determine the cell viability as a function of size and concentration of the magnetic nanoparticles.
Facile Synthesis of Gold Wavy Nanowires and Investigation of Their Growth Mechanism (2012)

We describe a synthesis of Au wavy nanowires in an aqueous solution in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The resultant Au nanowires automatically separated from the solution and floated at the air/water interface. We investigated the formation mechanism by characterizing the samples obtained at different stages of the synthesis. Both particle attachment and cold welding were found to be involved in the formation of such nanowires. Based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis, the CTAB molecules adsorbed on the surface of a Au nanostructure went through a change in structure from a bilayer to a monolayer, converting the Au surface from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. As a result, the Au wavy nanowires were driven to the air/water interface during the synthesis. This growth mechanism is potentially extendable to many other systems involving small surfactant molecules.