gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Post-irradiation sensitization with the ADP-ribosyltransferase inhibitor 3-acetamidobenzamide. (1984)

In recent years several lines of evidence have indicated that nuclear ADP-ribosyltransferase (ADPRT) activity is involved in DNA repair, although the requirement of ADPRT activity for cell survival has only been demonstrated in certain cases. We have investigated further the possible role of ADP-ribosylation in the response of cells to ionizing radiation, using 3-acetamidobenzamide (3-AAB), a highly effective inhibitor of ADPRT. With this compound we have demonstrated that marked enhancement of cell killing is observed if ADP-ribosylation is inhibited to a sufficient extent during the post-irradiation repair period, using concentrations of 3-AAB which are not toxic towards unirradiated cells. The critical period within which the inhibitor was effective was the first 90 min post-irradiation, and the half life of the recoverable radiation damage involved was estimated as approximately 20 min. Treatment with 3-AAB slowed the rate at which DNA strand breaks were repaired but did not prevent the ultimate repair of breaks, within the limits of resolution of the alkaline unwinding method used to determine DNA strand breakage. Although the majority of breaks were ultimately repaired, the frequency of radiation-induced sister chromatid exchanges and chromosome aberrations was increased, indicating that more genomic rearrangement had taken place, possibly as a consequence of the persistence of breaks when ADPRT activity was inhibited by 3-AAB during the post-irradiation repair period. It is suggested that the increased frequency of transposition and recombination which these observations reflect is likely to be associated with an increased risk of lethal mutations, some possibly involving chromosomal aberrations.
Cilia and polycystic kidney disease, kith and kin (2014)

In the past decade, cilia have been found to play important roles in renal cystogenesis. Many genes, such as PKD1 and PKD2 which, when mutated, cause autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), have been found to localize to primary cilia. The cilium functions as a sensor to transmit extracellular signals into the cell. Abnormal cilia structure and function are associated with the development of polyscystic kidney disease (PKD). Cilia assembly includes centriole migration to the apical surface of the cell, ciliary vesicle docking and fusion with the cell membrane at the intended site of cilium outgrowth, and microtubule growth from the basal body. This review summarizes the most recent advances in cilia and PKD research, with special emphasis on the mechanisms of cytoplasmic and intraciliary protein transport during ciliogenesis.
Closed-Loop Anaesthesia Delivery System (CLADS<sup>TM</sup>) using Bispectral Index: A Performance Assessment Study (2007)

The development of electroencephalographic indices of anaesthetic depth has in turn generated interest in automated anaesthesia delivery systems using these as the input variable. In this paper, one patented closed loop anaesthesia delivery system (CLADS) (502/DEL/2003) is compared to manual control of propofol delivery titrated to the bispectral index (BIS). Forty ASA I-II patients undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia were enrolled in the study. The study participants were randomised using computer generated random numbers to two equal groups. One group received propofol titrated by the CLADS while in the other group (control), anaesthetic delivery was manually titrated to BIS. Closed loop anaesthetic delivery using our patented system led to lower induction doses of propofol (P < 0.05) and less overshoot of the target BIS (P < 0.05). The closed loop system maintained BIS to within +/-10 of target for a significantly longer time during the maintenance phase of anaesthesia (P < 0.01). Smaller amounts of anaesthetic agent were required (P < 0.01) and there was faster postoperative recovery (P < 0.05). Manual delivery of propofol required the infusion rate to be changed a median of 30 times (IQR 12-45), which required considerable time and attention by the anaesthetist. In conclusion, automated delivery of propofol adjusted to the bispectral index using our CLADS was both effective and efficient as compared to manual control.
Tissue Engineering of Peripheral Nerves: A Comparison of Venous and Acellular Muscle Grafts with Cultured Schwann Cells (2001)

Fansa, Hisham M.D.; Keilhoff, Gerburg Ph.D.; Wolf, Gerald Ph.D.; Schneider, Wolfgang M.D., Ph.D. Author Information
Contact resistivity reduction through interfacial layer doping in metal-interfacial layer-semiconductor contacts (2013)

Metal-induced-gap-states model for Fermi-level pinning in metal-semiconductor contacts has been extended to metal-interfacial layer (IL)-semiconductor (MIS) contacts using a physics-based approach. Contact resistivity simulations evaluating various ILs on n-Ge indicate the possibility of forming low resistance contacts using TiO2, ZnO, and Sn-doped In2O3 (ITO) layers. Doping of the IL is proposed as an additional knob for lowering MIS contact resistance. This is demonstrated through simulations and experimentally verified with circular-transfer length method and diode measurements on Ti/n+-ZnO/n-Ge and Ti/ITO/n-Ge MIS contacts.
On-die clock jitter detector for high speed microprocessors (2002)

An on-die clock jitter detector has been designed for high speed microprocessor circuits and fabricated in 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. Variation of internal clock high/low time or period has been recorded. Innovative circuit techniques are used to provide fast initial DLL lock, adaptive filtering, granular jitter computation, and enhanced immunity to power-supply noise. It compares individual clock cycles to the average clock period, reporting the differences. The system has multiple output modes to allow more complete understanding of the jitter distribution and time dependence.
Affinity labeling of a transforming growth factor receptor that does not interact with epidermal growth factor. (1982)

Membrane components that interact with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factors (TGFs) have been identified by covalent crosslinking to their respective 125I-labeled ligands. Under appropriate conditions, disuccinimidyl suberate or hydroxysuccinimidyl p-azidobenzoate cross-link receptor-bound 125I-labeled EGF to a 140- to 170-kilodalton (kDal) receptor species in membranes from both A431 human carcinoma cells and normal rat kidney cells. 125I-Labeled sarcoma growth factor (SGF), a TGF from virally transformed mouse 3T3 cells, also can be affinity-crosslinked to the 140- to 170-kDal EGF receptor species in membranes from A431 and rat kidney cells. The labeling of this receptor is inhibited when either excess unlabeled EGF or SGF is present during incubation of membranes with either 125I-labeled EGF or 125I-labeled SGF. In contrast, a second receptor species of 60 kDal is affinity-labeled with 125I-labeled SGF but not with 125I-labeled EGF in membranes from both A431 and rat kidney cells. SGF and a TGF from virally transformed rat embryo cells inhibit the labeling of the 60-kDal species when present in excess during incubation of membranes with 125I-labeled SGF, whereas EGF is completely ineffective in inhibiting the labeling of this receptor. The data suggest that a specific 60-kDal receptor that displays high affinity for TGFs but not for EGF may mediate induction of the transformed phenotype. In addition, SGF and other TGFs interact with the 140- to 170-kDal EGF receptor that appears to mediate normal cell growth effects.
Synthesis of Rocaglamide Hydroxamates and Related Compounds as Eukaryotic Translation Inhibitors: Synthetic and Biological Studies (2011)

The rocaglates/rocaglamides are a class of natural products known to display potent anticancer activity. One such derivative, silvestrol, has shown activity comparable to taxol in certain settings. Here, we report the synthesis of various rocaglamide analogues and identification of a hydroxamate derivative (-)-9 having activity similar to silvestrol in vitro and ex vivo for inhibition of protein synthesis. We also show that (-)-9 synergizes with doxorubicin in vivo to reduce Eμ-Myc driven lymphomas.
[Selectivity of action of the lipoxygenase from rabbit reticulocytes on mitochondria and erythrocyte membranes]. (1979)

What is at stake in naming data centers as data farms? These installations are essentially hangars packed with computers. They congregate servers, switches and wires that facilitate the storage, processing and transmission of data in high volumes and at fast speeds. Data centers present a scale of operations, potentially planetary in scope, that intensifies and multiplies the productive and extractive capacities of digital technologies. The economic advantages that accrue to parties with servers in these installations derive not only from opportunities for peering and networking but also from inputs to client machines that may be situated at vast distance. Yet ...
A generative communication service for database interoperability (1998)

Parallel and distributed programming is conceptually harder to undertake and to understand than sequential programming, because a programmer often has to manage the coexistence and coordination of multiple concurrent activities. The model of 'Generative Communication' in Linda-a paradigm that has been developed for parallel computing-emphasizes the decoupling of cooperating parallel processes; thus, relieving the programmer from the burden of having to consider all process inter-relations explicitly. In many application areas, data is distributed over a multitude of heterogeneous, autonomous information systems. These systems are often isolated and an exchange of data among them is not easy. On the other hand, support for dynamic exchange of data is required to improve the business processes. Cooperative information systems enable such autonomous systems to interoperate. They are complex systems of systems which require a well designed and flexible software architecture. The Linda model had a great influence on research in parallel programming languages. Stimulated by this success, a Generative Communication Service, which offers a very flexible associative addressing mechanism based on metadata matching, has been developed for supporting interoperability of cooperative information systems. Some design patterns guided the construction of the resulting communication service that has been implemented on top of CORBA for an ODMG canonical data model.
Einleitung (1974)

ZusammenfassungDer Einfluß von Versetzungen in Kristallen auf deren Auflösung ist seit langem Thema vieler theoretischer und experimenteller Untersuchungen. Die Bedeutung dieses Problems reicht von technischen Fragen wie Korrosion, Katalyse und Schichtwachstum in der Galvano- und Aufdampftechnik bis zu dem wissenschaftlichen Aspekt, die Eigenschaften und Wirkungen der Versetzungen auch in dieser Hinsicht grundsätzlich kennenzulernen. Ebenso ist eine bessere Kenntnis auf diesem Gebiet für das häufig angewandte, empirisch entwickelte Verfahren der Versetzungsätzung wichtig, und zwar im Zusammenhang mit der Beurteilung der Zuverlässigkeit und Anwendbarkeit dieser Methode sowie ihrer systematischen Ausweitung auf weitere Materialien.
An intron-containing glycoside hydrolase family 9 cellulase gene encodes the dominant 90 kDa component of the cellulosome of the anaerobic fungus Piromyces sp. strain E2 (2002)

The cellulosome produced by Piromyces sp. strain E2 during growth on filter paper was purified by using an optimized cellulose-affinity method consisting of steps of EDTA washing of the cellulose-bound protein followed by elution with water. Three dominant proteins were identified in the cellulosome preparation, with molecular masses of 55, 80 and 90 kDa. Treatment of cellulose-bound cellulosome with a number of denaturing agents was also tested. Incubation with 0.5% (w/v) SDS or 8 M urea released most cellulosomal proteins, while leaving the greater fraction of the 80, 90 and 170 kDa components. To investigate the major 90 kDa cellulosome protein further, the corresponding gene, cel9A, was isolated, using immunoscreening and N-terminal sequencing. Inspection of the cel9A genomic organization revealed the presence of four introns, allowing the construction of a consensus for introns in anaerobic fungi. The 2800 bp cDNA clone contained an open reading frame of 2334 bp encoding a 757-residue extracellular protein. Cel9A includes a 445-residue glycoside hydrolase family 9 catalytic domain, and so is the first fungal representative of this large family. Both modelling of the catalytic domain as well as the activity measured with low level expression in Escherichia coli indicated that Cel9A is an endoglucanase. The catalytic domain is succeeded by a putative beta-sheet module of 160 amino acids with unknown function, followed by a threonine-rich linker and three fungal docking domains. Homology modelling of the Cel9A dockerins suggested that the cysteine residues present are all involved in disulphide bridges. The results presented here are used to discuss evolution of glycoside hydrolase family 9 enzymes.
Genetic Nature of Leaf Epicuticular Wax (EW) Content in Rice (1991)

This article 'Genetic Nature of Leaf Epicuticular Wax (EW) Content in Rice' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.
Real-time human gesture grading based on OpenPose (2017)

In this paper, we presented a real-time 2D human gesture grading system from monocular images based on OpenPose, a library for real-time multi-person keypoint detection. After capturing 2D positions of a person's joints and skeleton wireframe of the body, the system computed the equation of motion trajectory for every joint. Similarity metric was defined as distance between motion trajectories of standard and real-time videos. A modifiable scoring formula was used for simulating the gesture grading scenario. Experimental results showed that the system worked efficiently with high real-time performance, low cost of equipment and strong robustness to the interference of noise.
RAW264 macrophages stably transfected with an HIV-1 LTR reporter gene provide a sensitive bioassay for analysis of signalling pathways in macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, TNF-alpha or taxol. (1995)

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) modulates expression of a variety of genes in macrophages, and additionally activates viral promoters including the HIV-1 LTR. The HIV-1 LTR driving the luciferase reporter gene was stably transfected into the murine macrophage cell line, RAW264. In stably transfected cells, luciferase activity was LPS-dependent. As little as 0.01 ng/ml LPS was sufficient to increase luciferase activity over basal levels with maximal stimulation resulting in a 10- to 20-fold response. The cells also responded to human and murine tumour necrosis factor (TNF alpha). Endogenous TNF alpha was not involved in LPS responses, since pretreatment with alpha-TNF alpha antibody did not affect activation. Induction of HIV-1 LTR activity by LPS occurred independently of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) sensitive protein kinase C (PKC), since depletion of PKC by prolonged exposure to PMA blocked TNF alpha and PMA responses but was not able to abolish LPS action on these cells. Taxol (5-20 micrograms/ml), a chemotherapeutic agent which mimics LPS action on macrophages, was also able to increase expression of the reporter gene driven by the HIV-1 LTR. However, lower doses of taxol that were not sufficient to trans-activate the LTR or to induce TNF alpha expression were cytotoxic to RAW264 cells suggesting that the cytotoxic and LPS-like activities of taxol were not linked. This cell line provides a convenient method for detecting LPS-like activity and is a useful tool for examining LPS and TNF alpha signalling pathways.
Synthesis of <i>N</i>‐methyl‐4‐pyridyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinolines <i>via</i> a pictet‐spengler cyclisation (2000)

Abstract The synthesis of N ‐methyl‐4‐pyridyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinolines (6a,b,c) was achieved via a Pictet‐Spengler cyclization of an activated amino group derivatized in a carbamate form. The obtained compounds have been designed as potential serotonin analogs.
Tissue culture of cocoa bean (<i>Theobroma cacao</i> L.): changes in lipids during maturation of beans and growth of cells and calli in culture (1981)

Abstract Callus cultures of Theobroma cacao L., initiated from explants of immature cocoa bean cotyledons, contained 5.3%–6.4% lipids (dry wt basis). The major fatty acids were palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids. Cell suspensions contained 5.7–7.7% total lipids which had a higher polyunsaturated fatty acid content than total lipids of the calli. Phospholipids and glycolipids were the predominant lipid classes of calli and cell suspensions. Immature cocoa beans at early stages of development contained much higher polyunsaturated fatty acids, higher polar lipids and lower triglycerides than did mature ripe beans. Ripe cocoa beans contained 54% total lipids of which 96.8% where triglycerides. The fatty acid composition of total lipids of calli and cell suspensions were similar to those of the immature cocoa beans.
Adaptive Regenerative Braking in Electric Vehicles (2018)

Elektrofahrzeuge fahren lokal emissionsfrei und tragen damit dazu bei, die Emissionen in Städten zu reduzieren. Zusätzlich, zeichnen sich Elektrofahrzeuge durch ein dynamisches Fahrverhalten aus. Nachteilig wirkt sich bei den meisten Elektrofahrzeugen, die geringe Reichweite auf die Akzeptanz bei Neuwagenkäufern aus. Eine der Maßnahmen zur Erhöhung der Reichweite von Elektrofahrzeuge ist das regenerative Bremsen. Hierbei wird die kinetische Energie des Fahrzeugs durch generatorisches Bremsen als elektrische Energie zurückgewonnen. Diese zurückgewonnene Energie erhöht die Reichweite des Autos. In dieser Dissertation, wird ein adaptives regeneratives Bremssystem vorgestellt. Dieses System wählt abhängig vom Fahrertyp und der aktuellen Verkehrssituation ein geeignetes regeneratives Bremsniveau aus. Um ein solches System zu realisieren, wurden Verfahren entwickelt, welche einerseits den Fahrertyp und andererseits die Fahrerintention durch Analyse des Fahrbetriebs ermitteln. Dazu wurde u.a. ein mehrdimensionales verstecktes Markov-Modell (MDHMM) entwickelt. Bei Verwendung des Fahrertyps und der Intention des Fahrers, kann so eine geeignete Bremsstufe ausgewählt werden, die die physikalische Begrenzung der Fahrzeugkomponenten berücksichtigt. Durch den Einsatz des entwickelten Systems, kann gezeigt werden, dass eine Erhöhung der Reichweite erreicht werden kann, ohne den Komfort des Fahrers zu beeinträchtigen.
High-luminosity multipass cell for infrared imaging spectroscopy (2006)

An original imaging multipass cell for infrared spectroscopy has been designed and built. The cell design is aimed at overcoming intrinsic sensitivity limitations associated with the low specific spectral radiance power of blackbody sources. Owing to the implemented low f number, the detector collects a large amount of the energy emitted over a wide angle by a blackbody source. In addition, the adopted optical configuration allows maintenance of the same spatial distribution of the radiance pattern at the cell entrance and exit (imaging capability) within an aperture area of several square millimeters. This feature allows the use of uncollimated blackbody-type emitter arrays and infrared sensor arrays coupled with linear, spectrally variable filters, and performance of spectroscopic measurements of infrared absorption for low concentrated gases detection. In the present design the cell has an f number of about 2, and the optical path is ten times larger than the cell length.
Bisorganophosphonyl and ‐Organoarsenyl Derivatives of Heteropolytungstates as Hard Ligands for Early‐Transition‐Metal and Lanthanide Cations (2013)

Abstract The coordination properties of bisorganophosphonyl and bisorganoarsenyl derivatives of heteropolytungstates towards lanthanides and early‐transition‐metal cations were studied in organic medium. This new class of vacant polyoxometalate (POM) hybrids proved to conserve coordination sites after the grafting of the {RP=O} 2+ or {RAs=O} 2+ groups onto the trivacant A,α‐[PW 9 O 34 ] 9– and B,α‐[AsW 9 O 33 ] 9– platforms. The consequence of the presence of free {P=O} or {As=O} groups is an increase of the hardness of the coordination sites in these anions (according to Pearson's HSAB theory). Although soft divalent transition metal cations were hardly coordinated with these hybrid monovacant POMs, complexes with hard s group (Ca 2+ ), lanthanide (La 3+ , Ce 3+ ) and d 0 early‐transition‐metal cations were obtained and studied, in particular by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Owing to the possibility of modification of the trivacant platform, the type of the grafted function (phosphonyl or arsenyl) or the organic function R, these systems offer a unique possibility to finely modulate the coordination sphere of the cation.
Scalable Deep Learning on Distributed Infrastructures: Challenges, Techniques and Tools (2019)

Deep Learning (DL) has had an immense success in the recent past, leading to state-of-the-art results in various domains such as image recognition and natural language processing. One of the reasons for this success is the increasing size of DL models and the proliferation of vast amounts of training data being available. To keep on improving the performance of DL, increasing the scalability of DL systems is necessary. In this survey, we perform a broad and thorough investigation on challenges, techniques and tools for scalable DL on distributed infrastructures. This incorporates infrastructures for DL, methods for parallel DL training, multi-tenant resource scheduling and the management of training and model data. Further, we analyze and compare 11 current open-source DL frameworks and tools and investigate which of the techniques are commonly implemented in practice. Finally, we highlight future research trends in DL systems that deserve further research.
Comparison of unipolar and bipolar ventricular paced evoked responses (1992)

Differences between the unipolar and bipolar ventricular paced evoked responses are significant. The time course of the unipolar signal is closer to that of the surface electrocardiogram. This indicates that the unipolar paced evoked response does not reflect local electrophysiological events, as has been suggested previously.