gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Folic Acid and Risk of Prostate Cancer: Results From a Randomized Clinical Trial (2009)

Data regarding the association between folate status and risk of prostate cancer are sparse and conflicting. We studied prostate cancer occurrence in the Aspirin/Folate Polyp Prevention Study, a placebo-controlled randomized trial of aspirin and folic acid supplementation for the chemoprevention of colorectal adenomas conducted between July 6, 1994, and December 31, 2006. Participants were followed for up to 10.8 (median = 7.0, interquartile range = 6.0-7.8) years and asked periodically to report all illnesses and hospitalizations. Aspirin alone had no statistically significant effect on prostate cancer incidence, but there were marked differences according to folic acid treatment. Among the 643 men who were randomly assigned to placebo or supplementation with folic acid, the estimated probability of being diagnosed with prostate cancer over a 10-year period was 9.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.5% to 14.5%) in the folic acid group and 3.3% (95% CI = 1.7% to 6.4%) in the placebo group (age-adjusted hazard ratio = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.23 to 5.65, Wald test P = .01). In contrast, baseline dietary folate intake and plasma folate in nonmultivitamin users were inversely associated with risk of prostate cancer, although these associations did not attain statistical significance in adjusted analyses. These findings highlight the potential complex role of folate in prostate cancer and the possibly different effects of folic acid-containing supplements vs natural sources of folate.
Speciation of Submicrogram per Liter Levels of Arsenic in Water:  On-Site Species Separation Integrated with Sample Collection (2000)

Speciation of arsenic is crucial for assessing health implications from arsenic ingestion and for effective removal of arsenic from water. We report a method for the speciation of submicrogram per liter levels of arsenic in water. The method incorporates water sample collection with on-site arsenic species separation. The method is based on selective retention of arsenic species on specific solid-phase cartridges followed by selective elution and hydride generation atomic fluorescence analysis of the arsenic species. The use of a membrane filter, a resin-based strong cation-exchange cartridge, and a silica-based strong anion-exchange cartridge allows for the speciation of particulate arsenic and soluble arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonate, and dimethylarsinate species. Detection limit is on the order of 0.05 μg/L. The method is suitable for direct water sample collection and on-site separation of arsenic species by flowing a measured volume of water sample through the filter and cartridges connected in serial. A particular advantage of this approach is to maintain the integrity of original arsenic species in the sample. It overcomes the common problem of instability of arsenic species after water sampling and during sample storage and handling. Applications of the method are demonstrated to the speciation of arsenic in well water, raw (untreated) river water, bottled water, and a standard reference material (SRM 1643d). Results agree well with the certified values of the SRM.
Targeted tandem mass spectrometry for high-throughput comparative proteomics employing NanoLC-FTICR MS with external ion dissociation (2007)

Targeted tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is an attractive proteomic approach that allows selective identification of peptides exhibiting abundance differences, e.g., between culture conditions and/or diseased states. Herein, we report on a targeted LC-MS/MS capability realized with a hybrid quadrupole-7 tesla Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer that provides data-dependent ion selection, accumulation, and dissociation external to the ICR trap, and a control software that directs intelligent MS/MS target selection based on LC elution time and m/z ratio. We show that the continuous on-the-fly alignment of the LC elution time during the targeted LC-MS/MS experiment, combined with the high mass resolution of FTICR MS, is crucial for accurate selection of targets, whereas high mass measurement accuracy MS/MS data facilitate unambiguous peptide identifications. Identification of a subset of differentially abundant proteins from Shewanella oneidensis grown under suboxic versus aerobic conditions demonstrates the feasibility of such approach.
Optical Nanosensors for Chemical Analysis inside Single Living Cells. 1. Fabrication, Characterization, and Methods for Intracellular Delivery of PEBBLE Sensors (1999)

Spherical optical nanosensors, or PEBBLEs (probes encapsulated by biologically localized embedding), have been produced in sizes including 20 and 200 nm in diameter. These sensors are fabricated in a microemulsion and consist of fluorescent indicators entrapped in a polyacrylamide matrix. A generalized polymerization method has been developed that permits production of sensors containing any hydrophilic dye or combination of dyes in the matrix. The PEBBLE matrix protects the fluorescent dye from interference by proteins, allowing reliable in vivo calibrations of dyes. Sensor response times are less than 1 ms. Cell viability assays indicate that the PEBBLEs are biocompatible, with negligible biological effects compared to control conditions. Several sensor delivery methods have been studied, including liposomal delivery, gene gun bombardment, and picoinjection into single living cells.
A taxonomy of model structures for economic evaluation of health technologies (2006)

Models for the economic evaluation of health technologies provide valuable information to decision makers. The choice of model structure is rarely discussed in published studies and can affect the results produced. Many papers describe good modelling practice, but few describe how to choose from the many types of available models. This paper develops a new taxonomy of model structures. The horizontal axis of the taxonomy describes assumptions about the role of expected values, randomness, the heterogeneity of entities, and the degree of non-Markovian structure. Commonly used aggregate models, including decision trees and Markov models require large population numbers, homogeneous sub-groups and linear interactions. Individual models are more flexible, but may require replications with different random numbers to estimate expected values. The vertical axis of the taxonomy describes potential interactions between the individual actors, as well as how the interactions occur through time. Models using interactions, such as system dynamics, some Markov models, and discrete event simulation are fairly uncommon in the health economics but are necessary for modelling infectious diseases and systems with constrained resources. The paper provides guidance for choosing a model, based on key requirements, including output requirements, the population size, and system complexity.
Hawthorne's Mister Hooper: The Veil of Ham? (1996)

Scholars now generally acknowledge that Nathaniel Hawthorne was no deeply secluded artist, but a man and citizen keenly aware of contemporary social and political issues. Over three decades ago, Arlin Turner maintained that Hawthorne wrote in response not only to his extensive reading in American history but to the burgeoning nationalism of the 1820s and 1830s. We cannot fail to note the growing ascendancy during this period of that one moral issue which would soon come to eclipse all others and draw the nation into its bloodiest conflict — that of slavery. Moreover, the very seedbed of the antislavery movement in these 1830s, the home and headquarters of its fiery central leader, lay but a few miles from Hawthorne's doorstep.
New peripherally-substituted naphthalocyanines: synthesis, characterisation and evaluation in dye-sensitised photoelectrochemical solar cells (2002)

A series of novel tetra-substituted naphthalocyanines featuring hydroxy and carboxylate substituents in peripheral positions have been synthesised in reasonable yields and characterised by spectroscopic techniques. The photochemical properties of the tetra-acid derivative 7 were examined following immobilisation on a nanocrystalline TiO2 surface and photoinduced dye cations were observed following optical excitation. 7 has a redox potential of 0.25 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), which is lower than is required for an efficient regeneration reaction and, therefore, results in limited photocurrent flow when 7 is used in photoelectrochemical solar cells.
Disruption of the Operon Encoding Ehb Hydrogenase Limits Anabolic CO <sub>2</sub> Assimilation in the Archaeon <i>Methanococcus maripaludis</i> (2006)

Methanococcus maripaludis is a mesophilic archaeon that reduces CO2 to methane with H2 or formate as an energy source. It contains two membrane-bound energy-conserving hydrogenases, Eha and Ehb. To determine the role of Ehb, a deletion in the ehb operon was constructed to yield the mutant, strain S40. Growth of S40 was severely impaired in minimal medium. Both acetate and yeast extract were necessary to restore growth to nearly wild-type levels, suggesting that Ehb was involved in multiple steps in carbon assimilation. However, no differences in the total hydrogenase specific activities were found between the wild type and mutant in either cell extracts or membrane-purified fractions. Methanogenesis by resting cells with pyruvate as the electron donor was also reduced by 30% in S40, suggesting a defect in pyruvate oxidation. CO dehydrogenase/acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) synthase and pyruvate oxidoreductase had higher specific activities in the mutant, and genes encoding these enzymes, as well as AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase, were expressed at increased levels. These observations support a role for Ehb in anabolic CO2 assimilation in methanococci.
CARDIOPROTECTION BY ERYTHROPOIETIN DURING RESUSCITATION FROM VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION. (2005)

Ayoub, Iyad M; Kolarova, Julieta D; Wang, Sufen; Gazmuri, Raul J; Singh, Dinesh; Havalad, Suresh H Author Information
Synthesis of Bisected Glycoforms of Recombinant IFN‐β by Overexpression of β‐1,4‐<i>N</i>‐Acetylglucosaminyltransferase III in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells (1998)

Genetic engineering of oligosaccharide biosynthesis pathways in mammalian cells makes possible generation of new recombinant glycoproteins of potential importance in the biopharmaceutical industry. Most prior investigations of glycosylation engineering of secreted heterologous glycoproteins involve terminal steps of oligosaccharide biosynthesis. In particular, increasing the frequency of bisected structures within the glycoform distribution has not before been considered. A Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line capable of producing bisected oligosaccharides on glycoproteins was created by overexpression of a recombinant N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnT-III). Interferon beta (IFN-beta) was chosen as a model and potential therapeutic secreted heterologous protein to demonstrate the effect of recombinant GnT-III-expression on product glycosylation. IFN-beta with bisected oligosaccharides was produced by the GnT-III-engineered CHO cells but not by the unmodified parental cell line.
Validity and reliability of the Pressure Sore Status Tool. (1992)

There is not yet a universal system for describing the status of pressure sores. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of an instrument developed by the researchers for evaluation of pressure sores, the Pressure Sore Status Tool (PSST). This study was part of a larger study, which included development of a theoretical model for creation of items for the PSST. A nine-member expert judge panel established content validity of items on the instrument. Data were analyzed using a content of validity index (average index for tool = .91) and judges' comments were used to modify two items on the PSST. Two Enterostomal Therapy (ET) nurses independently used the revised tool to rate 20 pressure sores on ten adult medical-surgical patients, at two observation times. Interrater reliability was established at r = .91 for first observation and r = .92 for the second observation (p < .001). Intrarater reliability was r = .99 for rater one and r = .96 for rater two (p < .001). Future research will focus on refinement and further reliability testing of the instrument.
GRASSIUS: A Platform for Comparative Regulatory Genomics across the Grasses   (2008)

Transcription factors (TFs) are major players in gene regulatory networks and interactions between TFs and their target genes furnish spatiotemporal patterns of gene expression. Establishing the architecture of regulatory networks requires gathering information on TFs, their targets in the genome, and the corresponding binding sites. We have developed GRASSIUS (Grass Regulatory Information Services) as a knowledge-based Web resource that integrates information on TFs and gene promoters across the grasses. In its initial implementation, GRASSIUS consists of two separate, yet linked, databases. GrassTFDB holds information on TFs from maize (Zea mays), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), and rice (Oryza sativa). TFs are classified into families and phylogenetic relationships begin to uncover orthologous relationships among the participating species. This database also provides a centralized clearinghouse for TF synonyms in the grasses. GrassTFDB is linked to the grass TFome collection, which provides clones in recombination-based vectors corresponding to full-length open reading frames for a growing number of grass TFs. GrassPROMDB contains promoter and cis-regulatory element information for those grass species and genes for which enough data are available. The integration of GrassTFDB and GrassPROMDB will be accomplished through GrassRegNet as a first step in representing the architecture of grass regulatory networks. GRASSIUS can be accessed from www.grassius.org.
Generic personality and emotion simulation for conversational agents (2004)

Abstract This paper describes a generic model for personality, mood and emotion simulation for conversational virtual humans. We present a generic model for updating the parameters related to emotional behaviour, as well as a linear implementation of the generic update mechanisms. We explore how existing theories for appraisal can be integrated into the framework. Then we describe a prototype system that uses the described models in combination with a dialogue system and a talking head with synchronized speech and facial expressions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mouse Tumor Model for Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (1999)

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by increased incidence of benign and malignant tumors of neural crest origin. Mutations that activate the protooncogene ras, such as loss of Nf1, cooperate with inactivating mutations at the p53 tumor suppressor gene during malignant transformation. One hundred percent of mice harboring null Nf1 and p53 alleles in cis synergize to develop soft tissue sarcomas between 3 and 7 months of age. These sarcomas exhibit loss of heterozygosity at both gene loci and express phenotypic traits characteristic of neural crest derivatives and human NF1 malignancies.
Mutations in the molybdenum cofactor biosynthetic protein Cnx1G from <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> define functions for molybdopterin binding, molybdenum insertion, and molybdenum cofactor stabilization (2000)

The molybdenum cofactor (Moco), a highly conserved pterin compound coordinating molybdenum (Mo), is required for the enzymatic activities of molybdoenzymes. In all organisms studied so far Moco is synthesized by a unique and evolutionary old multistep pathway that requires the activities of at least six gene products. In eukaryotes, the last step of Moco synthesis, i.e., transfer and insertion of Mo into molybdopterin (MPT), is catalyzed by the two-domain proteins Cnx1 in plants and gephyrin in mammals. Both domains (E and G) of these proteins are able to bind MPT in vitro. Here, we show the identification and mutational dissection of functionally important regions within the Cnx1 G domain that are essential for MPT binding, the conversion of MPT to Moco, and Moco stabilization. By functional screening for mutants in the Cnx1 G domain that are no longer able to complement Escherichia coli mogA mutants, we found two classes of mutations in highly conserved amino acid residues. (i) The first class affects in vitro binding of MPT to the protein and the stabilization of Moco, the product of the G domain. (ii) The second class is represented by two independent mutations in the aspartate 515 position that is not affected in MPT binding and Moco stabilization; rather the conversion of MPT to Moco by using bound MPT and a yet unknown form of Mo is completely abolished. The results presented here provide biochemical evidence for a purified Cnx1 G domain catalyzing the insertion of Mo into MPT.
Influence of activation mode of dual-cured resin composite cores and low-viscosity composite liners on bond strength to dentin treated with self-etching adhesives. (2004)

The bond strength of CM to dentin using SE is reduced if the LI and light activation are not employed.
Synthesis of Cyclic Guanidines Fused with Aromatic Ring through Metal Ion Promoted Cyclization (1983)

Abstract A convenient synthetic method of five- and six- membered cyclic guanidines fused with aromatic ring was presented. 2-Aminoaniline or 2-(aminomethyl)aniline was treated with dimethyl carbonimidodithioates to give isothiourea which was cyclized to cyclic guanidine by using soft metal cations (Ag+, Hg2+).
Fiber Composites for New and Existing Structures (1994)

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Oxygenation-sensitive CMR for assessing vasodilator-induced changes of myocardial oxygenation (2010)

Myocardial oxygenation as assessed with oxygenation-sensitive CMR imaging is linearly related to SvO2 and is exponentially related to vasodilator-induced increases of blood flow. Oxygenation-sensitive CMR may be useful to assess ischemia and microvascular function in patients. Its clinical utility should be evaluated.
Grundlagen und Methoden der Eltern-Säugling-Körperpsychotherapie (2015)

Wissenschaftliche Strömungen in der Eltern-Baby-Körperpsychotherapie Körperpsychotherapeutische Arbeit mit Eltern, Säuglingen und Kleinkindern hat sich in den vergangenen 25 Jahren zu einer innovativen und dynamischen Sparte innerhalb des größeren Feldes moderner Körperpsychotherapie entwickelt. Speziell in der krisenintervenierenden Arbeit mit Eltern und regulationsgestörten Babys mit Schrei-, Schlaf- und Fütterungsproblematiken wurden in den letzten Jahren klinisch wertvolle Beiträge aus dem Feld der Körperpsychotherapie entwickelt und veröffentlicht. Grob lassen sich in der aktuellen Diskussion vier grundlegende Strömungen der Eltern-Säugling-Körperpsychotherapie differen­zieren:
Comparative study of oxygen toxicity in human fibroblasts and endothelial cells (1990)

The resistance of human pulmonary fibroblasts (WI-38) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells to oxygen toxicity (1 atm O2) was compared. Endothelial cells were more sensitive than fibroblasts. They contained also less antioxidant enzymes except for SOD: respectively 132%, 96%, 70%, 59%, and 21% of the SOD, GSH peroxidase, GSH reductase, catalase, and G6PD content of fibroblasts. However, they contained 1.81-fold more GSH than fibroblasts. Their lower content of antioxidant enzymes can explain their higher sensitivity to oxygen. The efficiency of natural antioxidant molecules and enzymes in the protection of cells incubated 3 days under 1 atm O2 was studied. alpha-tocopherol added in the culture medium led to a significant protection, contrary to the result for ascorbic acid. Microinjection of catalase, SOD, and GSH peroxidase directly into the cells was also tested: the protection was concentration dependent for both types of cells but SOD did not protect the endothelial cells. Lower activities of the other enzymes were needed to achieve protection of the endothelial cells, compared to fibroblasts. Since endothelial cells were also shown to display lower antioxidant enzyme activities, it can be hypothesized that their content is optimized for survival in physiological conditions.
Understanding the Rate Capability of High‐Energy‐Density Li‐Rich Layered Li<sub>1.2</sub>Ni<sub>0.15</sub>Co<sub>0.1</sub>Mn<sub>0.55</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Cathode Materials (2013)

The high‐energy‐density, Li‐rich layered materials, i.e., x LiMO 2 (1‐ x )Li 2 MnO 3 , are promising candidate cathode materials for electric energy storage in plug‐in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs). The relatively low rate capability is one of the major problems that need to be resolved for these materials. To gain insight into the key factors that limit the rate capability, in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies of the cathode material, Li 1.2 Ni 0.15 Co 0.1 Mn 0.55 O 2 [0.5Li(Ni 0.375 Co 0.25 Mn 0.375 )O 2 ·0.5Li 2 MnO 3 ], are carried out. The partial capacity contributed by different structural components and transition metal elements is elucidated and correlated with local structure changes. The characteristic reaction kinetics for each element are identified using a novel time‐resolved XAS technique. Direct experimental evidence is obtained showing that Mn sites have much poorer reaction kinetics both before and after the initial activation of Li 2 MnO 3 , compared to Ni and Co. These results indicate that Li 2 MnO 3 may be the key component that limits the rate capability of Li‐rich layered materials and provide guidance for designing Li‐rich layered materials with the desired balance of energy density and rate capability for different applications.
<title>Nonstationary fluctuations in stationary time-series</title> (1993)

In making an estimate of the power spectrum of a process from a short sample the stationarity assumption used to formulate the spectrum estimate is often violated, so that reliable assessment of the error of the estimate is difficult. Here we examine the problems of detecting narrow-band non-stationarity in short data samples and the influence of such non-stationarity on the variance of spectrum estimates. We decompose the covariance matrix of the eigencoefficients used in multiple-window spectrum estimation methods into a series of known basis matrices with scalar coefficients. For a given bandwidth and sample size, we describe simultaneous orthogonal expansions for both the power (time) function and for the eigencoefficient covariance matrix. The limiting power basis functions are eigenfunctions of a narrow band sinc<SUP>2</SUP> kernel while the corresponding basis matrices are trace-orthogonal so that the observable non-stationary is described by a series of quadratic forms.
AC high magnetic field generator based on the Eddy-current effect (1986)

This paper describes a new method for generating sinusoidal high magnetic fields. The fundamental principle is that the flux applied by an electromagnet is concentrated into the slit between conductive plates and is compressed to an AC high magnetic flux density with eddy currents in the conductive plate. There are few methods which generate AC high magnetic fields.
The origins of the Islamist movement in Afghanistan (1984)

(1984). The origins of the Islamist movement in Afghanistan. Central Asian Survey: Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 117-127.
Measurements of Smith–Purcell radiation (1990)

We present experimental results on Smith–Purcell radiation. Our primary interest was in the measurement of radiation angular distribution, output power, and spectral content. The variations of the angular distribution and the output power were shown for different electron-beam voltages and currents. The output power measured with a 3-mA and 120-kV electron beam was ∼30 μW/cm2-sr. The spectral analysis of the radiation shows excellent agreement between the measurements and the theoretical predictions. Our results were compared with those obtained by Gover et al, [ J. Opt. Soc. Am. B1, 723 ( 1984)].