gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pores and Ridges: Fingerprint Matching Using Level 3 Features (2006)

Fingerprint friction ridge details are generally described in a hierarchical order at three levels, namely, Level 1 (pattern), Level 2 (minutiae points) and Level 3 (pores and ridge shape). Although high resolution sensors (¡«1000dpi) have become commercially available and have made it possible to reliably extract Level 3 features, most Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS) employ only Level 1 and Level 2 features. As a result, increasing the scan resolution does not provide any matching performance improvement [1]. We develop a matcher that utilizes Level 3 features, including pores and ridge contours, for 1000dpi fingerprint matching. Level 3 features are automatically extracted using wavelet transform and Gabor filters and are locally matched using the ICP algorithm. Our experiments on a median-sized database show that Level 3 features carry significant discriminatory information. EER values are reduced (relatively ¡«20%) when Level 3 features are employed in combination with Level 1 and 2 features.
국내 패션브랜드에 나타난 친환경 패션 디자인의 특성 (2014)

Mass production, consumption and disposal which characterize the industrialized society in the contemporary area have exceeded the Earth’s selfpurification capacity and reached to a point where we can no longer overlook the environmental issues of the Earth. Thus, the design also considers the subject of the environmental protection across entire process including the development, production, distribution, consumption and disposal and such flow has created a trend called ‘eco fashion design’. The products which has reflected eco trends is already recognized as a ordinary product line overseas and expanding to the variety field whereas in Korea, the fashion design for environment had its start since 2008. It is developed mainly in the areas of the children’s clothing, innerwear, outdoor and sportswear and also the number of small-sized specialized companies of eco fashion design which perform the recycling design is on the rise. Fashion design for environment in Korea was explored and the results showed that it can be divided into three designs: organic design, re-design and multi-functional design. Organic design is focused on ‘health’ and made using the natural fabrics, eliminating the decorations which may cause harm to the environment. Re-design can be described as an upgraded form of the recycling fashion from the 20th century. The wasted fabrics after main cutting were used and transformed into Haute Couture product with the distinct design values after going through the custom hand craftsmanship. Lastly, for multifunctional design can be divided into the design by the functional new fabrics with the cutting-edge scientific technology, the smart wear design with the attached computers or machines and transformable design where the design can be changed to be multi-functions with one clothing. In this study, the transformable design is reflected on the work. As such, organic design, re-design and multi-functional design are bringing the qualitative changes in our society with the sustainable use and wise consumption culture which do not harm the global environment. Fashion design for environment must be creative and innovate, and a design in pursuit of the future of the mankind. In order for fashion design for environment to grow in the Korean market, it should prioritize the diversity and distinctiveness. For this, Korean fashion brands must expand the area of fashion design for environment and further strive for creating designs that can satisfy the high sensitivity of consumers.
GeneenvYofEscherichia coli K-12Affects Thermoregulation of MajorPorin Expression (1984)

fluctuation inporinproteins. Plasmid pML22,whichconsists ofpBR322containing a 0.5-megadalton E.coli chromosomal DNA insert, complemented thethermoregulatory defect. Theregulatory gene was named envY.Inminicells, pML22directed thesynthesis ofan envelope polypeptide (EnvY)having an apparent molecular weight of25,000. TheEnvYprotein was synthesized inminicells ingreater amountsat27°Cthan at37°C, anda reducing agentwas necessaryinthesolubilization buffer foritssubsequent detection on polyacrylamide gels. Theresults describe theinitial characterization ofa regulatory systemwhich, along withproteins oftheompBoperon,thecyclic AMP system,andthetolC gene product, isinvolved ina complex network affecting majorporin expression. TheOmpCandOmpFproteins ofEscherichia coli K-12 areouter membrane constituents thatfunction asgeneral diffusion poreproteins (porins) (for reviews, seereferences 22and34). Theproteins havemolecular weights of38,306 (OmpC;30)and37,083 (OmpF;13),andtheir structural genesappear tohaveevolved fromacommonancestral gene. Therelative amounts ofthese twoproteins aresomewhatstrain dependent andvarywith cultural conditions such asgrowth mediumandgrowth temperature (2,21); adirect correlation between mediumosmolarity andtheamountof OmpCexists (47). Despite fluctuations intheratio ofOmpF toOmpC,thetotal numberoftheseporin proteins in membrane remains constant (21) atapproximately 100,000 copies percell (22).
KV-Cache: A Scalable High-Performance Web-Object Cache for Manycore (2013)

Latency and cost of Internet-based services are driving the proliferation of web-object caching. Memcached, the most broadly deployed web-object caching solution, is a key infrastructure component for many companies that offer services via the Web, such as Amazon, Facebook, Linked In, Twitter, Wikipedia, and YouTube. Its aim is to reduce service latency and improve processing capability on back-end data servers by caching immutable data closer to the client machines. Caching of key-value pairs is performed solely in memory. In this paper, we present a novel design for a high-performance web-object caching solution, KV-Cache, that is Memcache-protocol compliant. Our solution, based on TU Dresden's Fiasco. OC micro kernel operating system, offers scalability and performance that significantly exceeds that of its Linux-based counterpart. KV-Cache's highly optimized architecture benefits from truly "absolute" zero copy by eliminating any software memory copying at the kernel level or in the network stack, and only performing direct memory access (DMA) for each transmit and receive path. We report experimental results for the current prototype running on an Intel E5-based 32-core server platform. Our results show that KV-Cache offers significant performance advantages over optimized Memcached on Linux for commodity x86 server hardware.
Self-tuning PID controllers: Algorithms and implementation (1986)

A class of controllers with integral action is shown to arise directly from appropriate system models. Via the zero-gain predictor approach, a corresponding class of hybrid self-tuning controllers is shown to have both integral action in the controller and offset removal in the tuning algorithm. Implementation details and some experimental results are given.
Anionic Cu<i><sub>n</sub></i>I<i><sub>n</sub></i> Cluster-Based Architectures Induced by In Situ Generated <i>N</i>-Alkylated Cationic Triazolium Salts (2007)

Five new copper(I) iodide coordination polymers, (Cu10I10)(Cu6I6)[(Cu(Bta)2]3−·(DMBta)4+·(I−)·x(I2) (x ≈ 1.5) (1), [Cu2I2(MBta)] (2), [Cu2I2(MTa)] (3), (Cu5I5)[Cu(Ta)2]−·(DETa)+ (4), and [Cu3I(Bta)2] (5) (Bta = benzotriazole, DMBta = 1,3-N-dimethylbenzotriazolium, MBta = 1-N-methylbenzotriazole, MTa = 1-N-methyltriazole, Ta = 1,2,3-triazole, DETa = 1,3-N-diethyltriazolium), have been prepared by the solvo(hydro)thermal reactions of CuI, KI, and benzotriazole (or 1,2,3-triazole) in methanol (or ethanol or water) and structurally characterized. Complex 1 shows a highly unusual two-dimensional (2D) → three-dimensional (3D) interpenetrated anionic network containing two new discrete neutral Cu10I10/Cu6I6 cluster units, and complex 4 consists of 2D anionic layers with Cu5I5 cluster units, both of which involve in situ di-N-alkylated cationic triazolium to induce the anionic frameworks. Complexes 2 and 3 both contain neutral in situ mono-N-alkylated ligands and exhibit similar one-dimensional (1D) double-stranded stairlike ribbon structures. Complex 5 exhibits a 2D simple sheet structure containing nonalkylated Bta− ligands. A mechanism of the solvo(hydro)thermal reaction is proposed. As evidenced by means of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry measurements, a simultaneous redox, N-alkylated and self-assembly reaction occurs.
Cross-linked and functionalized polyester materials constructed using ketoxime ether linkages (2007)

A modular and simple approach to the graft functionalization and cross-linking of ketone-containing poly(ε-caprolactone)s has been investigated for the preparation of novel gel and nanoparticulate materials. Poly(ε-caprolactone--2-oxepane-1,5-dione) (P(CL--OPD)), was grafted by reaction with 1-aminooxydodecane and cross-linked by reaction with 1,6-bis(aminooxy)hexane, each at room temperature in tetrahydrofuran at 1 and 10 wt% polymer in the absence of an acid catalyst, and at 1, 5 and 10 wt% polymer in the presence of -toluenesulfonic acid. The grafting process served as a model system for the cross-linking reactions, affording products that were fully characterizable and retained the physical properties of (P(CL--OPD)), with a slight increase in measured molecular weight and characteristic spectroscopic signatures for the dodecyl chains and the newly introduced ketoxime functionalities. Early stages of the intermolecular cross-linking were followed by gel permeation chromatography and atomic force microscopy. Ultimately, insoluble, but tetrahydrofuran-swollen gelled products were obtained, which were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. These materials exhibited interesting melting transition profiles, undergoing melting at lower temperatures and broader temperature ranges than observed for their polymer precursors. This study represents an advance in the development of rapid and efficient chemistry for the preparation of functional and robust hydrolytically-degradable polymer materials with degradable linkages.
Hybrid Fuzz Testing: Discovering Software Bugs via Fuzzing and Symbolic Execution (2012)

Random mutational fuzz testing (fuzzing) and symbolic executions are program testing techniques that have been gaining popularity in the security research community. Fuzzing finds bugs in a target program by natively executing it with random inputs while mon-itoring the execution for abnormal behaviors such as crashes. While fuzzing may have a reputation of being able to explore deep into a program’s state space efficiently, naı̈ve fuzzers usually have limited code coverage for typical programs since unconstrained ran-dom inputs are unlikely to drive the execution down many different paths. In contrast, symbolic execution tests a program by treating the program’s input as symbols and inter-preting the program over such symbolic inputs. Although in theory symbolic execution is guaranteed to be effective in achieving code coverage if we explore all possible paths, this generally requires exponential resource and is thus not practical for many real-world programs. This thesis presents our attempt to attain the best of both worlds by combining fuzzing with symbolic execution in a novel manner. Our technique, called hybrid fuzzing, first uses symbolic execution to discover frontier nodes that represent unique paths in the pro-gram. After collecting as many frontier nodes as possible under a user-specifiable resource constraint, it transits to fuzz the program with preconditioned random inputs, which are provably random inputs that respect the path predicate leading to each frontier node. Our current implementation supports programs with linear path predicates and can automat-ically generate preconditioned random inputs from a polytope model of the input space extracted from binaries. These preconditioned random inputs can then be used with any fuzzer. Experiments show that our implementation is efficient in both time and space, and the inputs generated by it are able to gain extra breadth and depth over previous ap-proaches. iii iv
STAPHYLOCOCCIC MENINGITIS (1938)

Cases of meningitis due to staphylococci are uncommon. It is a rare occurrence in an infant under the age of 1 month. Josephine B. Neal<sup>1</sup>in her extensive experience has seen this type of meningitis in only two infants less than 1 year of age— one an infant 3 months old and the other 7 months old. The mortality in staphylococcic meningitis is appallingly high. There have been reports of recovery with staphylococcus autogenous vaccine and bacteriophage,<sup>2</sup>also following the use of gentian violet,<sup>3</sup>and after frequent cisternal drainages.<sup>4</sup> This case is reported as a rare instance of staphylococcic meningitis in an infant under the age of 1 month and because the patient responded to treatment with sulfanilamide. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> A white baby boy, aged 17 days, was admitted to Kings County Hospital June 13, 1937. The mother stated that about thirty-six hours before admission
Serum Resistance and Aerobactin Iron Uptake in Avian Escherichia coli Mediated by Conjugative 100-Megadalton Plasmid. (1992)

A total of 115 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from chickens with colisepticemia in Japan were examined for chicken lethality and virulence factors. It was found that serum resistance and aerobactin-mediated iron uptake are the most prevalent characteristics in these strains. Among them, S-20, a representative virulent strain of serotype O2, was further studied. S-20 harbored a conjugative 100-megadalton (Mdal) plasmid, designated pKI100. Curing and reintroduction experiments showed that pKI100 encodes both serum resistance and aerobactin-mediated iron uptake, and the diminished virulence of the pKI100-cured strain was fully restored by the reintroduction of the plasmid. These results demonstrated that pKI100 is the virulence plasmid of the S-20 strain, and that serum resistance and aerobactin-mediated iron uptake are the virulence factors in E. coli strains which cause avian colibacillosis.
Endothelin Antagonists:  Substituted Mesitylcarboxamides with High Potency and Selectivity for ET<sub>A</sub> Receptors (1999)

We have previously disclosed the discovery of 2,4-disubstituted anilinothiophenesulfonamides with potent ET(A)-selective endothelin receptor antagonism and the subsequent identification of sitaxsentan (TBC11251, 1) as a clinical development compound (Wu et al. J. Med. Chem. 1997, 40, 1682 and 1690). The orally active 1 has demonstrated efficacy in a phase II clinical trial of congestive heart failure (Givertz et al. Circulation 1998, 98, Abstr. #3044) and was active in rat models of myocardial infarction (Podesser et al. Circulation 1998, 98, Abstr. #2896) and acute hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (Chen et al. FASEB J. 1996, 10 (3), A104). We now report that an additional substituent at the 6-position of the anilino ring further increases the potency of this series of compounds. It was also found that a wide range of functionalities at the 3-position of the 2,4,6-trisubstituted ring increased ET(A) selectivity by approximately 10-fold while maintaining in vitro potency, therefore rendering the compounds amenable to fine-tuning of pharmacological and toxicological profiles with enhanced selectivity. The optimal compound in this series was found to be TBC2576 (7u), which has approximately 10-fold higher ET(A) binding affinity than 1, high ET(A)/ET(B) selectivity, and a serum half-life of 7.3 h in rats, as well as in vivo activity.
Implementation of Self-tuning Controllers (1988)

Recursive estimation schemes for self-tuning control. LOG based self-tuning controllers. Simplified self-tuning control algorithms. Implementation of continuous-time controllers. Numerical problems in adaptive control. Self-tuning control using extended prediction horizons. Software aspects of self-tuning control. Application of long range predictive control. Self adaptive state variable feedback control with application to glasshouse systems. Self-tuning control - a case study. LQG adaptive autopilots.
microRNAs related to angiogenesis are dysregulated in endometrioid endometrial cancer (2012)

This work was supported by research grants from the Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica (Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, PI080185, PI0110091) and Red RECAVA (RD06/0014/0004), by Consellería de Sanidad (AP-141/11) and Consellería de Educación (PROMETEO/2011/027), Generalitat Valenciana, by Beca Fibrinolisis 2009 and Becario 2010, 2011 from Fundación Española de Trombosis y Hemostasia and by the Fundación Investigación Hospital La Fe, Spain. None of the authors have any conflicts of interest.
Platelet Hyporeactivity in Very Low Birth Weight Neonates (1997)

Very few studies have examined platelet function in very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm neonates, because of the relatively large volumes of blood required. In this study, platelet function in clinically stable VLBW neonates was examined by whole blood flow cytometry, which requires only 5 microliters of whole blood per assay. The following monoclonal antibodies were used: S12 (P-selectin-specific, reflecting alpha granule secretion), PAC1 (directed against the fibrinogen binding site exposed on the GPIIb-IIIa complex of activated platelets), F26 (directed against a conformational change in fibrinogen bound to the GPIIb-IIIa complex), and 6D1 (directed against the von Willebrand factor binding site on the GPIb-IX-V complex). VLBW neonates, like normal adults, did not have circulating activated platelets, as determined by the lack of binding of S12, PAC1, and F26 in the absence of an added agonist. VLBW neonatal platelets were markedly less reactive than adult platelets to thrombin, ADP/epinephrine, and U46619 (a stable thromboxane A2 analogue), as determined by the extent of increase in the platelet binding of S12, PAC1, and F26, and the extent of decrease in the platelet binding of 6D1. In summary, compared to adults, the platelets of VLBW neonates are markedly hyporeactive to thrombin, ADP/epinephrine and a thromboxane A2 analogue in the physiologic milieu of whole blood, as determined by: 1) the increase in platelet surface P-selectin; 2) the exposure of the fibrinogen binding site on the GPIIb-IIIa complex; 3) fibrinogen binding; and 4) the decrease in platelet surface GPIb. This platelet hyporeactivity may be a factor in the propensity of VLBW neonates to intraventricular hemorrhage. In addition to its previously defined use as a test of platelet hyperreactivity, the present study suggests that whole blood flow cytometry may be useful in the clinical assessment of platelet hyporeactivity.
[Role of the stromal microenvironment in regulating bone marrow hemopoiesis under stress]. (1988)

The role of stromal microenvironment in bone marrow hemopoiesis during stress has been studied. The stimulation of functional activity of stromal cells, responsible for the transfer of hemopoiesis-inducing microenvironment has been found. The time required for the development of microenvironment coincide with the moment of T-lymphocyte appearance in the bone marrow. The induction of microenvironment preceded the development of hemopoiesis hyperplasia at the level of committed precursor cells of myelopoiesis and their more mature, morphologically differentiated progeny.
Invasive Cervical Cancer and Smoking in Latin America (1989)

A case-control study of 667 patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix and 1,430 controls from four Latin American countries showed an age-adjusted relative risk (RR) of 1.2 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0–1.4] for women who had ever smoked, with risk rising to 1.7 (95% CI, 0.8–3.6) for women who smoked ≥ 30 cigarettes per day. The associations were practically eliminated after adjustment for the number of sexual partners and alcohol consumption, probably a surrogate for an unidentified life-style risk factor. Some excess risk persisted among women who smoked for extended periods (RR = 1.5 for ≥40 yr), as well as those who began smoking at older ages (RR = 1.7 for> 30 yr), which suggests a late-stage effect. In addition, among women who tested positive for human papillomavims (HPV) type 16 or 18 by filter in situ hybridization, there was an increased risk for women who had ever smoked and a dose-response relationship with the number of cigarettes smoked (adjusted RRs compared with HPV-negative non-smokers = 5.0 for HPV-positive nonsmokers, 5.5 for <10 cigarettes/day, and 8.4 for ≥ 10 cigarettes/day). In contrast, HPV-negative women had no increased risk associated with smoking. These results, from a high-incidence area where intensive smoking among women is still relatively rare, suggest that smoking has a limited effect on cervical cancer risk, possibly only among women with specific types of HPV. [J Natl Cancer Inst 1989;81:205–211]
Interference theory of multiple optical vortex states in spiral phase plate etalon: thick-plate and thin-plate approximation (2014)

The spiral phase plate etalon transmission function is calculated from the low-reflectivity to high-reflectivity regime. Two approximations are considered: thick-plate approximation and thin-plate approximation. The thick-plate approximation explicitly takes into account the angle between the azimuthally increasing surface and the flat surface, while the thin-plate approximation does not. The two results are in agreement in the low-reflectivity regime, but not in the high-reflectivity regime. The thick-plate approximation is expected to provide a more accurate and general description of the device in all regimes. Origins of the device output intensity dependence on angle due to multiple vortex states present in the device are discussed, and a constraint on the number of internal reflections due to device geometry is also discussed.
On the limitations of cepstral features in noise (2002)

This paper examines the effects of additive Gaussian noise on the short-term cepstral analysis of speech. We identify three distinct modifications to the long-term statistics of the cepstrum that cause a gross mismatch after the addition of noise, namely: a mean shift, a change of variance and a distribution distorted from normal, with distinct bimodal characteristics. We assess the importance of each of these, and demonstrate the limitations of simple cepstral mappings. We then consider noise-masking, through the addition of a constant offset to the linear spectral estimates, which provides a feature space far more stable to changes in noise statistics. This leads to performance equivalent to that achieved by explicit modelling.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High Molecular Weight Polybenzimidazole Membranes for High Temperature PEMFC (2013)

Abstract High temperature operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells under ambient pressure has been achieved by using phosphoric acid doped polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes. To optimize the membrane and fuel cells, high performance polymers were synthesized of molecular weights from 30 to 94 kDa with good solubility in organic solvents. Membranes fabricated from the polymers were systematically characterized in terms of oxidative stability, acid doping and swelling, conductivity, mechanical strength and fuel cell performance and durability. With increased molecular weights the polymer membranes showed enhanced chemical stability towards radical attacks under the Fenton test, reduced volume swelling upon the acid doping and improved mechanical strength at acid doping levels of as high as about 11 mol H 3 PO 4 per molar repeat polymer unit. The PBI‐78kDa/10.8PA membrane, for example, exhibited tensile strength of 30.3 MPa at room temperature or 7.3 MPa at 130 °C and a proton conductivity of 0.14 S cm –1 at 160 °C. Fuel cell tests with H 2 and air at 160 °C showed high open circuit voltage, power density and a low degradation rate of 1.5 μV h –1 at a constant load of 300 mA cm –2 .