gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mapping and modification of an antibody hapten binding site: a site-directed mutagenesis study of McPC603 (1991)

The quantitative contributions of various amino acid residues to hapten binding in the Fv fragment of the antibody McPC603 were investigated by site-directed mutagenesis. The three-dimensional structure of the Fab' fragment of McPC603 is known to atomic resolution. The haptens phosphocholine, choline sulfate, 3-(trimethylammonium)propane-1-sulfonate, 4-(trimethylammonium)butyric acid, and 4-(trimethyl-ammonium)butyric acid methyl ester were tested for binding. It was found that the phosphate group but not the sulfate and sulfonate groups, interacts with the hydroxyl group of Tyr33(h). The required positive charge for the binding of the phosphate must be contributed by Arg52(h); a lysine at this position or an additional positive charge at position 33(h) abolishes the binding to a phosphocholine affinity column. The interaction between Tyr100(l) and Glu35(h) was found to be essential and could not be functionally replaced by any other pair of residues tested. Binding of the quaternary ammonium ion needs a negative charge; it can reside in either Asp97(l) or Asp101(h), but both together prevent binding to the affinity column. These data may serve as the basis for the development of quantitative treatments of antigen-antibody interactions.
Xylazine Regulates the Release of Glycine and Aspartic Acid in Rat Brain. (2018)

The data showed that during anaesthesia the overall levels of Asp decreased and overall levels of Gly increased. In addition, the inhibitory effect of xylazine on Asp and the promotion of Gly were dose-dependent. Our data showed that different effects of xylazine on excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters provided a theoretical basis for the mechanism of xylazine activity in clinical anaesthesia.
Convolutional Neural Networks Based Ball Detection in Tennis Games (2018)

In recent years sport video research has gained a steady interest among the scientific community. The large amount of video data available from broadcast transmissions and from dedicated camera setups, and the need of extracting meaningful information from data, pose significant research challenges. Hence, computer vision and machine learning are essential for enabling automated or semi-automated processing of big data in sports. Although sports are diverse enough to present unique challenges on their own, most of them share the need to identify active entities such as ball or players. In this paper, an innovative deep learning approach to the identification of the ball in tennis context is presented. The work exploits the potential of a convolutional neural network classifier to decide whether a ball is being observed in a single frame, overcoming the typical issues that can occur dealing with classical approaches on long video sequences (e.g. illumination changes and flickering issues). Experiments on real data confirm the validity of the proposed approach that achieves 98.77% accuracy and suggest its implementation and integration at a larger scale in more complex vision systems.
Furnace nitridation of thermal SiO/sub 2/ in pure N/sub 2/O ambient for ULSI MOS applications (1992)

Furnace nitridation of thermal SiO/sub 2/ in pure N/sub 2/O ambient for MOS gate dielectric application is presented. N/sub 2/O-nitrided thermal SiO/sub 2/ shows much tighter distribution in time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) characteristics than thermal oxide. MOSFETs with gate dielectric prepared by this method show improved initial performance and enhanced device reliability compared to those with thermal gate oxide. These improvements are attributed to the incorporation of a small amount of nitrogen ( approximately 1.5 at.%) at the Si-SiO/sub 2/ interface without introducing H-related species during N/sub 2/O nitridation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electronic and vibrational signatures of Stone-Wales defects in graphene: First-principles analysis (2012)

We identify electronic and vibrational signatures of Stone-Wales (SW) defects in graphene as a function of their concentration using first-principles calculations. We show that an array of SW defects leads to (a) a defect band in the electronic structure about 0.5 eV above the Fermi level, and (b) a shift in the Dirac cone from $K$ to $K\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}\ensuremath{\delta}k$ in the Brillouin zone (BZ), with anisotropic dependence on the orientation and concentration of SW defects. These shifts in the Dirac cone are explained with a simple theoretical analysis based on BZ folding and electron-phonon coupling. Structural changes accompanying a SW defect induce long-wavelength rippling instabilities in graphene, which are shown within a quasicontinuum analysis to originate from the coupling between the $G$ band and strain (acoustic modes). Formation of a rather short and stiff C-C bond at the center of a SW defect leads to (a) softening of the $G$ band, which is scattered away from the defect, and (b) hardening of the $D$ band, which gets localized at the defect. Our work will facilitate interpretation of experimentally observed changes in the morphology and Raman spectra of graphene associated with SW defects.
Two-level iterative queuing modeling of software contention (2003)

Being able to model contention for software resources (e.g., a critical section or database lock) is paramount to building performance models that capture all aspects of the delay encountered by a process as it executes. Several methods have been offered for dealing with software contention and with message blocking in client-server systems. This paper presents a general, straightforward, easy to understand and implement, approach to modeling software contention using queuing networks. The approach, called SQN-HQN, consists of a two-level iterative process. Two queuing networks are considered: one represents software resources (SQN) and the other hardware resources (HQN). Multiclass models are allowed and any solution technique exact or approximate - can be used at any of the levels. This technique falls in the general category of fixed-point approximate models and is similar in nature to other approaches. The main difference lies in its simplicity. The process converges very fast in the examples examined. The results were validated against global balance equation solutions and are very accurate.
Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-γ Ligands Inhibit Adipocyte 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Expression and Activity (2001)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of expression of a subclass of adipocyte genes and to serve as the molecular target of the thiazolidinedione (TZD) and certain non-TZD antidiabetic agents. Hypercorticosteroidism leads to insulin resistance, a variety of metabolic dysfunctions typically seen in diabetes, and hypertrophy of visceral adipose tissue. In adipocytes, the enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD-1) converts inactive cortisone into the active glucocorticoid cortisol and thereby plays an important role in regulating the actions of corticosteroids in adipose tissue. Here, we show that both TZD and non-TZD PPARgamma agonists markedly reduced 11beta-HSD-1 gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. This diminution correlated with a significant decrease in the ability of the adipocytes to convert cortisone to cortisol. The half-maximal inhibition of 11beta-HSD-1 mRNA expression by the TZD, rosiglitazone, occurred at a concentration that was similar to its K(d) for binding PPARgamma and EC(50) for inducing adipocyte differentiation thereby indicating that this action was PPARgamma-dependent. The time required for the inhibitory action of the TZD was markedly greater for 11beta-HSD-1 gene expression than for leptin, suggesting that these genes may be down-regulated by different molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, whereas regulation of PPARgamma-inducible genes such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was maintained when cellular protein synthesis was abrogated, PPARgamma agonist inhibition of 11beta-HSD-1 and leptin gene expression was ablated, thereby supporting the conclusion that PPARgamma affects the down-regulation of 11beta-HSD-1 indirectly. Finally, treatment of diabetic db/db mice with rosiglitazone inhibited expression of 11beta-HSD-1 in adipose tissue. This decrease in enzyme expression correlated with a significant decline in plasma corticosterone levels. In sum, these data indicate that some of the beneficial effects of PPARgamma antidiabetic agents may result, at least in part, from the down-regulation of 11beta-HSD-1 expression in adipose tissue.
Fatigue Crank Initiation and Propagation (1972)

The fatigue process may be considered as the progressive development of a crack from the submicroscopic phases of cyclic slip and crack initiation, through the macroscopic crack propagation period, to final fracture. Experimental data indicate that the significance of each of these phases, in relation to the total fatigue life, is primarily dependent upon the cyclic stress amplitude, and that a more fundamental understanding can be achieved by separate studies of the crack initiation and propagation period.
Investigation of spatial resolution and efficiency using pinholes with small pinhole angle (2004)

Pinhole collimators are well suited for small animal SPECT, in which high spatial resolution is required over a small field of view (FOV). Typical pinhole collimators have pinhole angles of 90/spl deg/ or more. If their full FOV is used, the trajectories of imaged gamma rays can be more than 45/spl deg/ away from the pinhole axis, and form angles of incidence at the surface of a planar detector greater than 45/spl deg/. The large incident angle produces a depth-of-interaction (DOI) blur thus reducing spatial resolution for these off-axis locations. This loss of resolution is masked by the accompanying improvement of the pinhole point spread function (PSF) due to the reduced effective aperture size. The magnitude of these effects as a function of the angle between the gamma ray trajectory and the pinhole axis depends on detector absorption efficiency, and on the physical parameters of the pinhole collimator, including pinhole type, composition, and size pinhole angle. In addition, the reduced effective pinhole results in reduced efficiency for off-axis source points. In this paper we investigate the angular dependence of these effects for pinhole collimators with different compositions and pinhole angles. Results are compared to theoretical expressions that take into account gamma ray penetration of the pinhole material.
Hypertext Markup Language (2003)

The Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is a simple markup language used to create hypertext documents that are platform independent. HTML documents are SGML documents with generic semantics that are appropriate for representing information from a wide range of domains. HTML markup can represent hypertext news, mail, documentation, and hypermedia; menus of options; database query results; simple structured documents with in-lined graphics; and hypertext views of existing bodies of information.
Adjacent and divergently oriented operons under the control of the sporulation regulatory protein GerE in Bacillus subtilis (1995)

The DNA-binding protein GerE is the latest-acting regulatory protein in the mother cell line of gene expression during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. GerE directs the transcription of several genes that encode structural components of the protein coat that encases the mature spore. We report on the identification and characterization of a cluster of additional genes whose transcription is dependent on GerE. These genes, which are located in the replication terminus region of the chromosome (181 degrees on the genetic map), are arranged in adjacent and divergently oriented operons called cgeAB and cgeCDE, which consist of two and at least three genes, respectively. CgeD, the product of the second member of the cgeCDE operon, is strikingly similar to the product of a B. subtilis gene (ipa-63d) of unknown function and is similar at its amino terminus to certain glycosyl transferases involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis. Strains with mutations in the cgeAB and cgeCDE operons produce spores with altered surface properties, on which basis we propose that proteins encoded by these operons influence maturation of the outermost layer of the spore, perhaps by glycosylation of coat proteins at the spore surface.
Variation in Salinity Tolerance in Sunflower (<i>Helianthus annum</i> L.) (1995)

Abstract Forty‐five accessions of sunflower collected from different countries were screened for salinity tolerance after 2 weeks growth in sand culture salinized with 150 meq l −1 of NaCl 2 + CaCl 2 (1:1 ratio equivalent wt. basis) in half strength Hoagland's nutrient solution. The results for plant biomass of 45 accessions show that there was considerable variation in salinity tolerance. In a further greenhouse experiment, the salinity tolerance of three tolerant (HO‐1, Predovik, Euroflor) and two sensitive (SMH‐24, 9UO‐985) lines (selected on the basis of their performance in the seedling experiment) was assessed at the adult stage to evaluate the consistency of salinity tolerance at different growth stages. All three salt tolerant accessions produced significantly greater plant biomass, seed yield and seed oil content than the salt sensitive accessions. The tolerant accessions accumulated less Cl − and more K + in the leaves under saline conditions compared with the salt sensitive accessions. The salt tolerant accessions also maintained relatively high leaf K:Na ratio and K + versus Na + selectivity. Although statistically nonsignificant, all three tolerant accessions had greater soluble carbohydrates, soluble proteins, total free amino acids and proline in the leaves than the sensitive accessions. A field trial conducted in a salt‐affected field confirmed the greenhouse results of the selected accessions. This study shows that salinity tolerance of sunflower does not vary with stage of plant cycle, so selection for increased salt tolerance can be carried out at the initial growth stage. Secondly, it is found that there is great variation of salt tolerance in sunflower. Low uptake of Cl − , high uptake of K + , and maintenance of high K:Na ratios and K + versus Na + selectivity in the leaves and possibly the accumulation of organic osmotica such as soluble carbohydrates, soluble proteins, proline and free amino acids seem to be the important components of salt tolerance in sunflower.
Preliminary Study : Comparison of the Efficacy of Progesterone and Nifedipine in Inhibiting Threatened Preterm Labour in Siriraj Hospital (2009)

Objective: To compare the efficacy, success rate, maternal and fetal complications of progesterone and nifedipine administration as a tocolytic agent to women with threatened preterm labour. Study Design : A randomized controlled trial. Material and methods: During 1st January to 31st May, 2008, a total 40 pregnant women with threatened preterm labour between 28-35 weeks were participated in this study. All women were inhibited contractions randomly with proluton depot 250 mg. intramuscularly weekly or nifedipine 20 mg. orally every 30 minutes for 3 times then maintenance with nifedipine SR 20 mg. every 12 hours until 34 weeks. If neonatal intensive care unit was not available, the inhibition of labour had been prolonged until 36 weeks of gestation. If there was any complication or contraindication with neither proluton depot nor nifedipine, the inhibition method of contractions was changed to be either bricanyl or magnesium sulfate intravenous form. Results: Forty pregnant women with threatened preterm labour were participated. Eighteen pregnant women were inhibited contractions with proluton depot whilst 22 pregnant women had uterine contraction inhibition with nifedipine. Both groups were not statistically significant in dermographic data, efficacy, mode of delivery and newborn data. Conclusions: Proluton depot and nifedipine can be used successfully to inhibit contractions in threatened preterm labour. No complication was detected in both groups. Proluton depot seemed to have more efficacy than nifedipine. However, future large study is needed to confirm the efficacy of both drugs to prevent the process of threatened preterm labour to be preterm labour. This can minimize later preterm birth and decrease both perinatal morbidity and mortality.
Effects of increased intraocular pressure on rat retinal ganglion cells (2001)

The effects of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) on the morphology of rat retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) was analyzed in this study. After cauterizing two limbal derived episcleral veins, IOP in experimental eyes was elevated 1.5--1.8 times that of control. RGCs of experimental and control eyes were analyzed after: bilateral tectal injections of Fluoro-Gold, and application of fluorescent dye crystals, 4-Di-10-ASP to the proximal stump of the cut optic nerve, at different time intervals after IOP elevation. The RGCs in control and experimental eyes were evaluated at 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks by counting, as well as by determining the soma diameter. The dendritic field of three types (I, II, III) of RGCs between control and experimental eyes were also studied at 4,6,10 weeks after IOP elevation. At every time point, the number of cells in experimental eyes were significantly less than those of the control eyes. The average retinal ganglion cell death was 3--4% per week in the eyes with elevated IOP. The soma and dendritic field diameter of the RGCs in the experimental eyes were significantly larger in all cell types. However, types I and III cells expanded their dendritic fields more rapidly than type II cells. Furthermore, dendritic fields of surviving RGCs in experimental eyes occupied about the same extent of the retina as the controls. The increase in soma diameter and expansion of dendritic fields in the remaining RGCs in eyes with elevated IOP suggests the existence of plasticity in adult retina.
New synthesis of formaldehyde-<i>d</i><sub>2</sub> (1969)

A new and improved synthesis of formaldehyde-d 2 on a molar scale has been developed via the reactions:[Formula: see text]The yield from deuterated methylene bromide is 50%, and the deuterium content is over 98%.
ACTR-46. AG120, A FIRST-IN-CLASS MUTANT IDH1 INHIBITOR IN PATIENTS WITH RECURRENT OR PROGRESSIVE IDH1 MUTANT GLIOMA: RESULTS FROM THE PHASE 1 GLIOMA EXPANSION COHORTS (2016)

Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutations occur in approximately 70% of low grade gliomas and in up to 6% of glioblastomas, and lead to an altered metabolic state associated with increased production of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) which causes genetic and epigenetic dysregulation leading to oncogenesis. AG120 is a potent oral inhibitor of mutant IDH1 demonstrating suppression of 2-HG in preclinical models and reduced tumor growth in the xenograft TS603 glioma model. In the dose escalation cohorts of this phase 1 study, AG120 was administered daily over a 28 day cycle at doses up to 1200mg in 20 patients with IDH1 mutant glioma who had measurable disease by RANO criteria. AG120 demonstrated a favorable safety profile and preliminary clinical activity with a 35% clinical benefit rate (stable disease or better) at 6 months. The 500mg dose level was expanded in 4 cohorts of solid tumors including progressive non-enhancing glioma (arm 3), and other IDH1 mutated tumors primarily comprised of enhancing glioma (arm 4). Key eligibility: IDH1 mutated disease, ECOG 0–1, no surgery/radiation within 6 months (arm 3). MRI response was assessed every 8 weeks using RANO and LGG-RANO criteria by local and independent review. Exploratory analyses: change in tumor growth rate (FLAIR tumor volume) (Arm 3), and pharmacodynamic evaluations of tissue and serum. As of 14April2016, 25 patients with non-enhancing glioma (arm 3) and 21 patients with contrast enhancing gliomas (arm 4) were enrolled of which 21 (arm 3) and 8 (arm 4) remain on AG120. Median age was 41 and 47 years and median prior regimens were 1 and 2, for non-enhancing and enhancing glioma patients respectively. Frequent adverse events (>10%) regardless of attribution were mostly grade 1/2 headache (4.5% grade 3), nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and diarrhea. Updated safety, response, PK, and exploratory volumetric imaging data will be presented.
Phytase activity and comparison of chemical composition, phytic acid P content of four varieties of quinoa grain (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) (2013)

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), is a plant that has been cultivated in the Andean region of Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador and Colombia. Its importance is due to the high proteins content and essential amino acids of its grain. The aim of this research was to investigate the relations between phytic acid P content and phytase activities of varieties quinoa Narino-Colombia (QC), quinoa Anapquins-Bolivia (QBA), quinoa -IICA 020 Oruro-Bolivia (QB) and quinoa Huancavelica-Peru (QP). We found significant differences in the proportions of protein, fat, fibre, and ash among the four varieties. The analysis of essential amino acids showed that these varieties were rich in arginine, leucine, phenylalanine, lysine and valine, and tyrosine a semi essential amino acids. The fat fraction of all varieties contained high concentration of oleic acid, linoleic acid, a-linolenic acid and palmitic acid. The varieties were rich in phosphorus and calcium. The phytic acid P proportion in total P, in the QC (19,64%) was significantly lower than in other three varieties. In the variety QC (1052 FTU/kg) we found high concentration of phytase. A significant negative correlation (r=-0.89) was found between the concentration of phytase activity and phytic acid P among the four varieties.
Postictal increase in T-wave alternans after generalized tonic-clonic seizures (2011)

Our study demonstrates that derangements in autonomic function and TWA are highly prevalent after sGTCS in patients with chronic uncontrolled epilepsy. Further studies are warranted to investigate the value of TWA for risk stratification in epilepsy patients for sudden cardiac death and SUDEP.
Testing large analog/digital signal processing chips (1990)

An approach to testing VLSI chips with analog IO and internal digital signal processing has been successfully demonstrated in several custom designs. Functional testing of analog circuitry was combined with high fault coverage digital testing by use of a multipurpose test bus. The approach provides at-speed tests of functional character, which are to be preferred for timing verification as well as for test thoroughness and device reliability. Analog interfaces and severe pin limitations can be accommodated, and no performance degradation need be accepted.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Conflict. (1996)

Conflict management is a major component of a nurse manager's role. How conflict is defined and subsequently approached can determine if its outcome is a positive, growth-enhancing experience, or, if instead, it will have lingering negative effects destined to resurface, provoking further conflict. When conflict progresses without effective intervention, others are drawn, or triangled in, and it becomes difficult to determine how, why, and with whom the conflict began. Approaches range from total avoidance to a fully invested, collaborative process of resolution. The collaborative response demands significant management involvement; however, its outcome can be the discovery of new and better practice opportunities, benefiting all involved.
THE CANADIAN SPECIES OF MACROPOGON (COLEOPTERA) (1929)

Length 6 mm.; width 2.1 mm. Elongate oval, moderately convex. Black, the legs in parts and antennae brown. Entire body clothed with brownish-yellow hairs.