gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional Characterization of Homo- and Heteromeric Channel Kinases TRPM6 and TRPM7 (2006)

TRPM6 and TRPM7 are two known channel kinases that play important roles in various physiological processes, including Mg2+ homeostasis. Mutations in TRPM6 cause hereditary hypomagnesemia and secondary hypocalcemia (HSH). However, whether TRPM6 encodes functional channels is controversial. Here we demonstrate several signature features of TRPM6 that distinguish TRPM6 from TRPM7 and TRPM6/7 channels. We show that heterologous expression of TRPM6 but not the mutant TRPM6(S141L) produces functional channels with divalent cation permeability profile and pH sensitivity distinctive from those of TRPM7 channels and TRPM6/7 complexes. TRPM6 exhibits unique unitary conductance that is 2- and 1.5-fold bigger than that of TRPM7 and TRPM6/7. Moreover, micromolar levels of 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) maximally increase TRPM6 but significantly inhibit TRPM7 channel activities; whereas millimolar concentrations of 2-APB potentiate TRPM6/7 and TRPM7 channel activities. Furthermore, Mg2+ and Ca2+ entry through TRPM6 is enhanced three- to fourfold by 2-APB. Collectively, these results indicate that TRPM6 forms functional homomeric channels as well as heteromeric TRPM6/7 complexes. The unique characteristics of these three channel types, TRPM6, TRPM7, and TRPM6/7, suggest that they may play different roles in vivo.
The glutamate transporters EAAT2 and EAAT3 mediate cysteine uptake in cortical neuron cultures (2003)

Cysteine availability is normally the rate-limiting factor in glutathione synthesis. How neurons obtain cysteine from extracellular space is not well established. Here we used mouse cortical neuron cultures to examine the role of the excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) in neuronal cysteine uptake. The cultured neurons expressed both EAAT2 and EAAT3. Cysteine uptake was predominantly (> 85%) Na+-dependent, with an apparent Km of 37 microm. Cysteine uptake was reduced by the EAAT substrates l-glutamate and l-aspartate and by synthetic EAAT inhibitors. The non-selective EAAT inhibitor threo-beta-hydroxyaspartate had a significantly greater maximal inhibitory effect than did the EAAT2-selective inhibitor, dihydrokainate, indicating uptake by both EAAT2 and EAAT3. Serine, a substrate of ASC uptake system, had negligible effects on cysteine uptake at 10-fold excess concentrations. To assess the functional importance of EAAT-mediated cysteine uptake in neuronal glutathione synthesis, cultures were treated with diethylmaleate to deplete glutathione, then incubated with cysteine in the presence or absence of EAAT inhibitors. Threo-beta-benzyloxyaspartate and the non-transportable inhibitor threo-beta-hydroxyaspartate both inhibited the cysteine-dependent glutathione synthesis. The findings suggest that neuronal EAAT activity can be a rate-limiting step for neuronal glutathione synthesis and that the primary function of EAATs expressed by neurons in vivo may be to transport cysteine.
Effects of Irradiation with Conventional and Multiple Daily Fractionation on Serum Amylase Activity (1987)

The behaviour of serum alpha-amylase activity was determined in patients with head and neck cancer treated by radiation therapy. The levels of serum alpha-amylase activity during conventional and multiple daily fractionation were compared. Starting from the second day of treatment an increase of serum alpha-amylase activity was observed. The increase and its duration depended on the total daily dose: after the first day of treatment a linear correlation between serum levels and total daily dose could be observed. The size of the amylase increase correlated to the proportion of salivary gland tissue included in the irradiated volume.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor Delivery Across the Blood-Brain Barrier (2006)

Our findings might pave the way for rational therapy in patients with neurodegeneration. Patients with low CNS IGF-1 might be candidates for IGF-1 therapy.
Bias compensation for target tracking from range based Maximum Likelihood position estimates (2012)

This paper investigates bias compensation for improving the performance of target tracking using range or range difference measurements. We obtain the Maximum Likelihood estimate of the target position at the current instant and pass it to the Kalman filter as observation to obtain the target track. The nonlinear relationship between the target position and measurements creates bias that can degrade significantly the tracker performance. This paper shows that we can accurately estimate the bias and subtract it from the Maximum Likelihood estimate before the Kalman filter is applied. Consequently the bias accumulation is effectively prevented and the tracking accuracy is greatly improved.
WTO 무역기술장벽에 관한 수출입기업의 리스크 관리방안 연구 (2018)

글로벌 저성장구조 확산, 단일경제통합기구의 분열 및 가속화, 자국 경제이익을 최우선시 하는 미국 행정부의 대외정책
변화로 인하여 국제교역환경의 불확실성이 증가하고있다. 
이에 따라 자국내 산업보호를 위해 비관세장벽조치가 증가하고 있어 전세계 신보호무역주의 기조가 확산되고 있다 .
이러한 비관세장벽조치 중무역상대국간 상이한기술규정,표준, 적합성평가 등을...
Reference ranges for analytes in extravascular body fluids. (2001)

Interpreting analytes measured in extravascular body fluids can be problematic as the only suitable literature reference, the Geigy Scientific Tables (1), is almost 20 years old, dating back to the year 1981. It is not always possible to apply the values indicated therein to modern analytical procedures since many of these determinations were developed in the 1940es, 1950es and 1960es and measured with methods that have since lost their significance. We therefore did some extensive literature searches to compile an updated list for the most essential extravascular body fluids. The number of analytes featured in the list has been limited to the most relevant substances. A critical examination of the published data revealed that only 10-20% of the papers could actually be used because of insufficient statistical data, too small number of test subjects, or a lack of plausibility.
Functionalization and solubilization of BN nanotubes by interaction with Lewis bases (2006)

By interaction with a trialkylamine or trialkylphosphine, BN nanotubes can be dispersed in a hydrocarbon medium with retention of the nanotube structure.
Clofazimine-enhanced phagocytosis in pustulosis palmaris et plantaris (1975)

The phagocytic ability of neutrophil leucocytes was found to be impaired in patients suffering from pustulosis palmaris et plantaris (PPP). This ability was studied with the aid of the yeast particle method. In 78% of 27 patients whose PPP was in a static phase, the phagocytic function was enhanced, while the PPP abated concomitantly and the pustules disappeared. Impaired phagocytosis and the beneficial effect of clofazimine signify the pathogenic importance of defective neutrophils in PPP.
A metal-oxide doped SnO<inf>2</inf>-based microsensor for measuring H<inf>2</inf>S concentration (2017)

This study focused on developing a hydrogen sulfide (H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> S) gas microsensor using nanometal oxides of copper oxide-doped tin dioxide. Electrospinning and high-temperature calcination were adopted to fabricate a high-surface area and porous hollow nanofibrous gas sensing film. The film that served as a sensing mechanism on the heterojunction of the microsensor exhibited a high resistance change rate; therefore, the gas-sensing sensitivity was effectively improved. The ceramic ring-based sensor was coated with a nanosensing film, on which gold sensing electrodes were formed through sputtering by using a shadow mask. Thus, a sensing mechanism was completed that allowed the absorption of the gases to be tested. A heating wire was designed in the chamber of the ceramic ring to control the local temperature of the sensing structure. The response level and repeatability of the device to the gases were effectively enhanced. Results indicated that the microsensor could sense H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> S at a concentration of 1-100 ppm, had a sensitivity of 0.39 MΩ/ppm, and possessed response and restoration times of 5 ± 0.12 s and 12 ± 0.24 s, respectively.
Numerical simulation studies of coaxial vircators (2002)

The characteristic frequency and energy conversion efficiency of the coaxial vircator are studied by numerical simulation method. Comparing with planar vircator, the coaxial vircator generates much narrow bandwidth and higher center frequency. The simulation results also evince that by adjusting d can tune the output microwave frequency in about two octave range under certain conditions. The negative pulsed coaxial vircator can significantly improved efficiency from about 4% of positive pulsed coaxial vircator to about 10%. The experimental apparatus are setting up, the experimental results will be given in future.
A survey of wireless data center networks (2015)

Data centers are becoming more and more popular for a wide variety of applications. However, the efficiency of data centers are restricted by many issues like cabling and maintenance problems in addition to performance problems like oversubscription. Wireless technology was proposed as it has the capability and the flexibility to offer feasible approaches to solve some of these problems. In this paper, we conduct a deep investigation about wireless data center networks, describe some works that enhance the performance of the network, then give some remarks and critiques.
Inhibitors of leukotrienes: An overview (1999)

The steps that have led to the isolation, structural elucidation and chemical synthesis, and investigations into the biological properties of the arachidonic acid metabolites undoubtedly represent one of the most crucial developments in our understanding of the mechanisms that are intimately involved in inflammation.
Endogenous Lectins of Bovine Pancreas (1984)

Affinity chromatography of salt and detergent extracts from bovine pancreas on glycosylated or glycoprotein-linked Sepharose 4B resulted in purification of different carbohydrate-binding proteins. Three species of proteins with molecular masses of 16 kDa, 35 kDa and 64 kDa exhibiting specificity for beta-galactosides, but none with preferential specificity for alpha-galactosides, were isolated from salt and detergent extracts. No Ca2+ was required for binding. Mannan-binding proteins of 37 kDa, 47 kDa and 94 kDa without Ca2+-requirement were only found in the salt extract. No other mannan-binding activity could be detected. Fucose-binding proteins of 34 kDa, 62 kDa and 70 kDa exhibiting Ca2+-requirement for binding were present in the salt extract and two proteins with 62 kDa and 70 kDa in detergent extract. The different fractions showed agglutination activity when assayed with rabbit erythrocytes. Thus they can be defined as lectins.
Estimating symmetric, positive definite matrices in robotic control (2003)

In a number of contexts relevant to control problems, including estimation of robot dynamics, covariance, and smart structure mass and stiffness matrices, we need to solve an over-determined set of linear equations AX /spl ap/ B with the constraint that the matrix X be symmetric and positive definite. In the classical least squares method, the measurements of A are assumed to be free of error. Hence, all errors are confined to B. Thus, the "optimal" solution is given by minimizing /spl par/AX - B/spl par//sub F//sup 2/. However, this assumption is often impractical. Sampling errors, modeling errors, and, sometimes, human errors bring inaccuracies to A as well. We introduce a different optimization criterion, based on area, which takes the errors in both A and B into consideration. The analytic expression of the global optimizer is derived. The algorithm is applied to identify the joint space mass-inertia matrix of a Gough-Stewart platform. Experimental results indicate that the new approach is practical, and improves performance.
A stochastic algorithm for global optimization and for best populations: A test case of side chains in proteins (2002)

The problem of global optimization is pivotal in a variety of scientific fields. Here, we present a robust stochastic search method that is able to find the global minimum for a given cost function, as well as, in most cases, any number of best solutions for very large combinatorial "explosive" systems. The algorithm iteratively eliminates variable values that contribute consistently to the highest end of a cost function's spectrum of values for the full system. Values that have not been eliminated are retained for a full, exhaustive search, allowing the creation of an ordered population of best solutions, which includes the global minimum. We demonstrate the ability of the algorithm to explore the conformational space of side chains in eight proteins, with 54 to 263 residues, to reproduce a population of their low energy conformations. The 1,000 lowest energy solutions are identical in the stochastic (with two different seed numbers) and full, exhaustive searches for six of eight proteins. The others retain the lowest 141 and 213 (of 1,000) conformations, depending on the seed number, and the maximal difference between stochastic and exhaustive is only about 0.15 Kcal/mol. The energy gap between the lowest and highest of the 1,000 low-energy conformers in eight proteins is between 0.55 and 3.64 Kcal/mol. This algorithm offers real opportunities for solving problems of high complexity in structural biology and in other fields of science and technology.
Characterization of <i>cis</i>-Acting Sequences and Decay Intermediates Involved in Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Turnover (1995)

Several lines of evidence indicate that the processes of mRNA turnover and translation are intimately linked and that understanding this relationship is critical to elucidating the mechanism of mRNA decay. One clear example of this relationship is the observation that nonsense mutations can accelerate the decay of mRNAs in a process that we term nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. The experiments described here demonstrate that in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae premature translational termination within the initial two-thirds of the PGK1 coding region accelerates decay of that transcript regardless of which of the stop codons is used. Nonsense mutations within the last quarter of the coding region have no effect on PGK1 mRNA decay. The sequences required for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay include a termination codon and specific sequences 3' to the nonsense mutation. Translation of two-thirds of the PGK1 coding region inactivates the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway. This observation explains why carboxyl-terminal nonsense mutations are resistant to accelerated decay. Characterization of the decay of nonsense-containing HIS4 transcripts yielded results mirroring those described above, suggesting that the sequence requirements described for the PGK1 transcript are likely to be a general characteristic of this decay pathway. In addition, an analysis of the decay intermediates of nonsense-containing mRNAs indicates that nonsense-mediated mRNA decay flows through a pathway similar to that described for a class of wild-type transcripts. The initial cleavage event occurs near the 5' terminus of the nonsense-containing transcript and is followed by 5'-->3' exonucleolytic digestion. A model for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay based on these results is discussed.
A method for voltage measurements of cancerous vs non-cancerous omentum (2015)

This paper presents and elaborates upon the practicalities of a method which enables the recording of voltage measurements from omental tissue in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. The key components of the proposed low-cost experimental setup are a tungsten electrode, a Ag/AgCl reference electrode and an instrumentation amplifier. Intriguingly, potential difference recordings between cancerous omentum and tissue culture media and between non-cancerous omentum and media, differ for tissue samples coming from the same patient. Further studies are warranted to assess the potential prognostic value of voltage measurements in cancerous tissue.
How can we square freedom with anti-vilification laws? (2000)

David Marr argues that anti-vilification laws which forbid the expression of hostile opinions about gays and lesbians are misconceived. Comparing the arguments for the NSW laws, which include both criminal and civil sanctions, with proposed laws to protect the faithful of all religions from vilification, Marr argues that in the long term gay men and women will be much better protected by continuing to rely on an absolute freedom of expression, the notion of liberty under which so much has been achieved, even if that entails abuse and vilification.
MicroRNAs: Novel Regulators During the Immune Response (2008)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), an abundant class of highly conversed, small noncoding RNAs, present an entirely new way of post-transcriptional gene regulation. miRNAs play a key role in diverse biological processes, such as embryogenesis, differentiation, inflammation, viral infections, and carcinogenesis. Recently, more studies showed the importance of these noncoding small RNAs on immune system development and response, and miRNAs are found to involve in the regulation of immunity, including the development and differentiation of immnue cells, antibody production and the inflammatory mediator release. Here, the latest findings were summarized to explore the function and mechanism of miRNAs in modulating innate and adaptive immune responses.
Alkylation of transition metal alkoxides and aryloxides (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkylation of transition metal alkoxides and aryloxidesLinda Chamberlain, Judy Keddington, and Ian P. RothwellCite this: Organometallics 1982, 1, 8, 1098–1100Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00068a022https://doi.org/10.1021/om00068a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views284Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Molecular Determinants of Antiviral Potency of Paramyxovirus Entry Inhibitors (2007)

Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV) constitute the Henipavirus genus of paramyxoviruses, both fatal in humans and with the potential for subversion as agents of bioterrorism. Binding of the HeV/NiV attachment protein (G) to its receptor triggers a series of conformational changes in the fusion protein (F), ultimately leading to formation of a postfusion six-helix bundle (6HB) structure and fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. The ectodomain of paramyxovirus F proteins contains two conserved heptad repeat regions, the first (the N-terminal heptad repeat [HRN]) adjacent to the fusion peptide and the second (the C-terminal heptad repeat [HRC]) immediately preceding the transmembrane domain. Peptides derived from the HRN and HRC regions of F are proposed to inhibit fusion by preventing activated F molecules from forming the 6HB structure that is required for fusion. We previously reported that a human parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV3) F peptide effectively inhibits infection mediated by the HeV glycoproteins in pseudotyped-HeV entry assays more effectively than the comparable HeV-derived peptide, and we now show that this peptide inhibits live-HeV and -NiV infection. HPIV3 F peptides were also effective in inhibiting HeV pseudotype virus entry in a new assay that mimics multicycle replication. This anti-HeV/NiV efficacy can be correlated with the greater potential of the HPIV3 C peptide to interact with the HeV F N peptide coiled-coil trimer, as evaluated by thermal unfolding experiments. Furthermore, replacement of a buried glutamic acid (glutamic acid 459) in the C peptide with valine enhances antiviral potency and stabilizes the 6HB conformation. Our results strongly suggest that conserved interhelical packing interactions in the F protein fusion core are important determinants of C peptide inhibitory activity and offer a strategy for the development of more-potent analogs of F peptide inhibitors.
A QoS Control Model Based on DiffServ in UMTS Core Net (2004)

With the development of new services in 3G, UMTS is required of end-to-end QoS support. The paper builds a DiffServ model to offer QoS guarantee for the services in UMTS core network. We map UMTS service classes to DiffServ domain, design a new queue scheduling method, which can offer differential services for the applications with the cooperation of traffic conditioning by priority and separation mechanisms. The model can satisfy requires of delay and jitter, and guarantee the interactive and background stream full utilization in the bandwidth fairly. At last, the efficiency of the model is validated by simulation.
Unusual Influence of Substituents on Ring-Opening Metathesis Reactions (2001)

The ring-opening cross-metathesis of oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octene derivatives provides a convenient method for preparing differentially substituted 4-pyrones. The major competing reaction is the ring-opening metathesis polymerization of the bridged olefin. Studies on this reaction have shown that substituents on the bicyclic alkene can have a dramatic influence on the competing reactions. [reaction: see text]
An Alternative Infinite Mixture Of Gaussian Process Experts (2005)

We present an infinite mixture model in which each component comprises a multivariate Gaussian distribution over an input space, and a Gaussian Process model over an output space. Our model is neatly able to deal with non-stationary covariance functions, discontinuities, multimodality and overlapping output signals. The work is similar to that by Rasmussen and Ghahramani [1]; however, we use a full generative model over input and output space rather than just a conditional model. This allows us to deal with incomplete data, to perform inference over inverse functional mappings as well as for regression, and also leads to a more powerful and consistent Bayesian specification of the effective ‘gating network ’ for the different experts. 1
Graphene Visualizes the First Water Adlayers on Mica at Ambient Conditions (2010)

The dynamic nature of the first water adlayers on solid surfaces at room temperature has made the direct detection of their microscopic structure challenging. We used graphene as an atomically flat coating for atomic force microscopy to determine the structure of the water adlayers on mica at room temperature as a function of relative humidity. Water adlayers grew epitaxially on the mica substrate in a layer-by-layer fashion. Submonolayers form atomically flat, faceted islands of height 0.37 +/- 0.02 nanometers, in agreement with the height of a monolayer of ice. The second adlayers, observed at higher relative humidity, also appear icelike, and thicker layers appear liquidlike. Our results also indicate nanometer-scale surface defects serve as nucleation centers for the formation of both the first and the second adlayers.