gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sustained, Long-Term Renal Stabilization After 54 Months of Agalsidase β Therapy in Patients with Fabry Disease (2007)

Fabry disease, an inherited deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-galactosidase A, causes progressive intralysosomal accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (GL-3) and premature death from renal, cardiac, and cerebrovascular manifestations. To determine the long-term safety and efficacy of recombinant human alpha-galactosidase A, an open-label, phase III extension study was conducted, involving 58 patients who had classic Fabry disease and completed a 20-wk, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase III study of agalsidase beta and were transitioned to an extension trial to receive biweekly 1 mg/kg agalsidase beta for up to an additional 54 mo. GL-3 accumulation was evaluated in the capillary endothelia of the skin, kidney, and heart. Renal function was assessed. By month 54, all patients with optional kidney biopsies (n = 8) maintained complete GL-3 clearance in renal capillary endothelial cells and multiple cell types. Continued, complete clearance of skin (31 of 36) and heart (six of eight) capillary endothelium was demonstrated. Mean plasma GL-3 levels remained decreased in the normal range. Median serum creatinine and estimated GFR remained stable (normal) in patients with renal data at month 54 (n = 41). Six patients had renal disease progression; most (four of six) were older than 40 yr and had significant proteinuria at baseline and evidence of sclerotic glomeruli pretreatment. Adverse events were generally mild and unrelated to treatment. The most common treatment-related adverse events were infusion-associated reactions, which decreased over time. Long-term agalsidase beta therapy stabilizes renal function in patients without renal involvement at baseline, maintains reduction of plasma GL-3, and sustains GL-3 clearance in capillary endothelial cells and multiple renal cell types.
Consideration for a high resolution of magnetic rotary encoder (1996)

The structure of a magnetic rotary encoder is very simple compared with an optical type and is not affected in dust and mist conditions. However, a magnetic rotary encoder with an upper limit of encoder resolution of 2000 pulses per revolution (ppr) per track has lower resolution compared with an optical encoder. In this paper, a high resolution magnetic rotary encoder with 4000 ppr per track resolution utilizing a minimum number of magneto-resistive elements has been developed by using a double interpolation method. A parameter analysis of the magnetization and the detection processes for the main magneto-resistive output voltage using a finite element method is described.
Atom motion in Laguerre-Gaussian doughnut beams (2002)

Summary form only given. Preparation of slow atomic beams has applications in experiments such as lithography, atom interferometry and in general for transporting atoms, for example from one vacuum chamber to another. Optical methods together with hollow fibers have been successfully employed to transport atoms, and all-optical methods using far off-resonant dipole forces have recently attracted much interest. Such all-optical methods have advantages in that far off-resonant dipole traps have potentially very low scattering rates, especially blue detuned hollow beam traps where atoms are restricted to low intensity regions where perturbations due to the light field are minimum. Optical atom guides also have practical advantages in that they can be switched, and can be easily introduced into high vacuum apparatus. Blue detuned hollow laser beams generated from a hollow optical fiber have been used to guide atoms (Xu et al, 1999; Babiker et al, 1994), and holographically generated doughnut beams have been used to guide and focus a cold beam of metastable neon atoms. In our experiments, we investigate the motion of cold rubidium atoms in far-detuned and near-resonant doughnut beams.
Chronic vascular toxicity of doxorubicin in an organ‐cultured artery (2001)

1. We investigated the chronic effects of doxorubicin (DXR) on morphological and functional changes in the rabbit mesenteric artery using an organ culture system. 2. In arteries cultured with 0.3 microM DXR for 7 days, the contractions induced by noradrenaline, but not those induced by endothelin-1 or high K(+), were strongly inhibited. This reaction was followed by a decrease in the induction of the alpha(1A)-adrenoceptor without any change in the mRNA level. Inhibition of noradrenaline-induced contractions by DXR was attenuated by superoxide dismutase, and alpha(1A)-adrenoceptor protein expression recovered. 3. In the arteries cultured with 1 microM DXR for 7 days, contractions induced by endothelin-1 or high K(+) and absolute force in the permeabilized muscles were also inhibited. Morphological examinations revealed the existence of concentrated nuclei and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL)-positive smooth muscle cells, and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation was also detected, indicating the induction of apoptosis. 4. In the arteries cultured with 10 microM DXR for 7 days, nuclear swelling, karyolysis and random DNA fragmentation indicative of necrosis were observed, and muscle contractility was abolished. 5. These results suggest that 0.3 microM DXR selectively down-regulates the alpha(1A)-adrenoceptor protein expression, resulting in a decrease in the noradrenaline-induced contraction. This down-regulation may be at least partly due to the production of a superoxide radical. DXR also caused a decrease in muscle contractility followed by apoptotic changes at 1 microM and necrotic changes at 10 microM. These changes might be responsible for the disturbance of the circulatory system that is often observed during the course of repetitive chemotherapy.
Medicinal chemistry with fullerenes and fullerene derivatives (1999)

The study of the biological applications of fullerenes has attracted increasing attention despite the low solubility of the carbon spheres in physiological media. The organic functionalisation of fullerenes has helped solubilisation by covalent attachment of hydrophilic appendages. Therefore, recently synthesised fullerene derivatives reach satisfactory concentrations in water. However, the tendency of the fullerenes to form clusters is enhanced in polar media, where better solubilisation can be achieved by means of multiple functionalisation or using micellar systems. Once homogeneously dissolved, the fullerenes and fullerene derivatives exhibit an interesting range of biological activities, especially promising in the field of photodynamic therapy, HIV, neuroprotection and apoptosis.
Fluorinated Oligomers and Polymers in Photopolymerization (2015)

International audience
A Quality-of-Experience Database for Adaptive Video Streaming (2018)

The dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP provides an inter-operable solution to overcome the volatile network conditions, but its complex characteristic brings new challenges to objective video quality-of-experience (QoE) measurement. To test the generalizability and to facilitate the wide usage of QoE measurement techniques in real-world applications, we establish a new database named Waterloo Streaming QoE Database III (SQoE-III). Unlike existing databases constructed with hand-crafted test sequences, the SQoE-III database, so far the largest and most realistic of its kind, consists of a total of 450 streaming videos created from diverse source content and diverse distortion patterns, with six adaptation algorithms of diverse characteristics under 13 representative network conditions. All streaming videos are assessed by 34 subjects, and a comprehensive evaluation is conducted on the performance of 15 objective QoE models from four categories with regards to their efficacy in predicting subjective QoE. Detailed correlation analysis and statistical hypothesis testing are carried out. The results of this paper shed light on the future development of adaptive bitrate streaming algorithm and video QoE monitoring system. The subjective database is available online at https://ece.uwaterloo.ca/~zduanmu/tbc2018qoe/.
The heart of nursing (2006)

In the first of a major new series, Stephen Wright considers what nursing from the heart means and why it is important to patients.
Characterization of epitaxially grown Fe-N films by sputter beam method (1996)

We have prepared epitaxial Fe-N martensite (α′) films on α-Fe (001) single-crystal underlayers by the sputter beam method and synthesized a metastable α″-Fe16N2 phase by post-annealing. The saturation magnetization (4πMs) of the α′ phase films is in the range of 21.9–23.3 kGauss which is larger than that of α-Fe. Magnetization of the annealed samples containing α″-Fe16N2 phase have increased with the x-ray diffraction intensity ratio of α″(002) to [α″(004)+α′(002)]. Very careful analysis of x-ray diffraction data gives more reliable value on the volume fraction of the α″ phase in the annealed samples. As a result, it is found that the Fe-N film with magnetization of 24.7 kG contains 32 vol %-α″ phase within it. This result leads us to believe that α″-Fe16N2 phase has a remarkably large saturation magnetization.
4 x 16 polymer fiber optical array couplers (1996)

A 4/spl times/16 plastic array coupler for power splitting in large-core polymer optical fibers is proposed and fabricated. Maximum coupling efficiencies of up to 84.7% and 91.4% were observed using, respectively, the total internal reflection type and metal coating type micromirrors formed along polymer fibers of 1.0-mm core diameter and 0.485 numerical aperture. The coupling uniformity for the two cases were 86% and 74%, respectively. The coupling efficiency and its relation to misalignments are studied.
Design and Analysis of a Double-Stator Cup-Rotor PM Integrated-Starter-Generator (2006)

This paper presents a new double-stator cup-rotor PM machine for application to the automotive integrated-starter-generator (ISG). The machine configuration is so unique that it can significantly improve the torque density, hence providing a high starting torque for cold cranking. Because of the nature of double-stator windings, the machine can flexibly change their connections, hence providing a constant output voltage over a wide speed range for battery charging. Computer simulation is conducted by using the time-stepping finite element method. A 3-phase 22-pole 2-kW prototype is designed and built for experimentation. Both simulation and experimental results are given to verify the validity of the proposed machine
Trabecular meshwork cells grown on filters. Conductivity and cytochalasin effects. (1988)

A system was developed to measure the hydraulic conductivity of cultured monolayers of human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells. By optimizing the cell growth conditions and evaluating a number of filter supports, confluent HTM cells in single layers were obtained for measurement of hydraulic conductivity. The HTM monolayers had hydraulic conductivities of 0.3-2.0 microliters/min/mm Hg/cm2 measured at near-physiological flow rates. Evaluations of cytochalasin B (CB) effects on the hydraulic conductivity of our HTM monolayers revealed that CB (10(-6) to 10(-5) M) caused a dramatic dose-related increase in conductivity within 10 to 30 min, which parallels CB effects on outflow facility in vivo. Morphologic observations show that the increase in hydraulic conductivity was accompanied by a retraction of the trabecular cells and widening of the intercellular spaces. Our findings suggest that growth of HTM cells on filter supports can provide a useful in vitro system to study the regulation of aqueous outflow.
Circuit technique for wide-range, linear, voltage-to-current convertors (1976)

A ‘current-balancing’ circuit technique, involving the use of an emitter-follower and two complementary current mirrors, facilitates the design of a voltage-to-current convertor in which the input voltage control range extends down to within a few tens of millivolts of earth potential despite the use of a single system rail supply.
Convolutional autoencoder-based color image classification using chroma subsampling in YCbCr space (2015)

We propose a convolutional autoencoder neural network for image classification in YCbCr color space to reduce computational complexity. We first learned local image features from image patches in YCbCr space with a sparse autoencoder and then convolved them with large images to obtain global features. Chrominance components were subsampled before convolution as it is permitted to reduce bandwidth for chrominance components in YCbCr space. We then adopted an algorithm to resize the convolved features in chrominance components by shifting the elements after convolution. Global features were finally fed into a softmax classifier to test the classification accuracy. Experimental results reveal that the convolutional neural network in YCbCr space is able to obtain a reduction of at least 21.6% in time consumption compared to the RGB representation with a slight loss in accuracy.
Schistosoma mansoni: protective antigens (1987)

Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Helmintologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
New therapeutic target in inflammatory disease: macrophage migration inhibitory factor (2005)

The cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) participates in fundamental events in innate and adaptive immunity. The profile of activities of MIF in vivo and in vitro is strongly suggestive of a role for MIF in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and hence antagonism of MIF is suggested as a potential therapeutic strategy in inflammatory disease. The best developed case for therapeutic antagonism of MIF is in RA. In RA, MIF is abundantly expressed in serum and synovial tissue. MIF induces synovial expression of key pro-inflammatory genes, regulates the function of endothelial cells and leucocytes, and is implicated in the control of synoviocyte proliferation and apoptosis via direct effects on the expression of the tumour suppressor protein p53. In animal models of RA, anti-MIF antibodies or genetic MIF deficiency are associated with significant inhibition of disease. A similar case has been made, for example using MIF-deficient mice, in models of atheroma, colitis, multiple sclerosis and other inflammatory diseases. The relationship with p53 also means MIF may be important in the link between inflammatory disease and cancer, such as is seen in RA or colitis. MIF also has a unique relationship with glucocorticoids, in that despite antagonizing their effects, the expression of MIF is in fact induced by glucocorticoids. Thus, MIF functions as a physiological counter-regulator of the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids. This may be entrained by selective activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases rather than nuclear factor kappa B. Therapeutic MIF antagonism may therefore provide a specific means of 'steroid sparing'. Exploitation of antibody, soluble receptor or small molecule technologies may soon lead to the ability to test in the clinic the importance of MIF in human inflammatory diseases.
Articulatory strengthening at edges of prosodic domains (1997)

In this paper it is shown that at the edges of prosodic domains, initial consonant and final vowels have more extreme (less reduced) lingual articulations, which are called articulatory strengthening. Linguopalatal contact for consonants and vowels in different prosodic positions was compared, using reiterant-speech versions of sentences with a variety of phrasings read by three speakers of American English. Four prosodic domains were considered: the phonological word, the phonological (or intermediate) phrase, the intonational phrase, and the utterance. Domain-initial consonants show more linguopalatal contact than domain-medial or domain-final consonants, at three prosodic levels. Most vowels, on the other hand, show less linguopalatal contact in domain-final syllables compared to domain-initial and domain-medial. As a result, the articulatory difference between segments is greater around a prosodic boundary, increasing the articulatory contrast between consonant and vowels, and prosodic domains are marked at both edges. Furthermore, the consonant initial strengthening is generally cumulative, i.e., the higher the prosodic domain, the more linguopalatal contact the consonant has. However, speakers differed in how many and which levels were distinguished in this way. It is suggested that this initial strengthening could provide an alternative account for previously observed supralaryngeal declination of consonants. Acoustic duration of the consonants is also affected by prosodic position, and this lengthening is cumulative like linguopalatal contact, but the two measures are only weakly correlated.
Chemie der Polyoxometallate: Aktuelle Variationen über ein altes Thema mit interdisziplinären Bezügen (1991)

Abstract Die Verbindungsklasse der Metall‐Sauerstoff‐Clusteranionen ist nicht nur einzigartig hinsichtlich ihrer topologischen und elektronischen Vielfalt — sie hat auch erhebliche Bedeutung für ganz unterschiedliche Disziplinen. So sind die früheren Arbeiten auf diesem Forschungsgebiet mit Namen wie Berzelius, Werner und Pauling verbunden. Derartige Cluster (man nennt sie üblicherweise Isopoly‐ und Heteropolyanionen) enthalten häufig hochsymmetrische, oft angenähert kugelförmige Anordnungen von MO x ‐Einheiten (z. B. M = V, Mo, W), und ihre Strukturen basieren häufig auf Archimedischen und Platonischen Körpern. Letztere sind von beträchtlichem topologischem Interesse. Noch wissen wir nicht, worin eigentlich die Triebkraft zur Bildung solcher polynuclearer Cluster besteht. Polyoxoanionen sind wichtige Modelle zum Verständnis der biologischen und katalytischen Wirkung von Metall‐Chalcogenid‐Clustern, da die Metall‐Metall‐Wechselwirkungen von sehr gering (oder nicht vorhanden) bis stark (Metall‐Metall‐Bindungen) reichen können. Grundsätzlich lassen sich diese Wechselwirkungen durch die Wahl des Metalls (3d, 4d, 5d), durch Veränderung der Elektronenpopulation (Grad der Reduktion) und den Umfang der Protonierung beeinflussen. Gemischtvalente Vanadate können beispielsweise nacheinander mehrere Elektronen ohne Spinpaarung aufnehmen, d.h. die magnetischen Eigenschaften dieser Komplexe lassen sich schrittweise über einen weiten Bereich variieren. Viele Vanadate wirken als Cryptanden oder Clathrat‐Wirte für Neutralmoleküle und Kationen, und, was neu ist, auch für Anionen, wobei meistens ein bemerkenswerter „induzierter Selbstorganisationsprozeß”︁ abläuft. Anwendung finden Polyoxometallate in der Analytischen und Klinischen Chemie, in der Katalyse (einschließlich Photokatalyse), in der Biochemie (Inhibierung von Elektronentransfer‐Prozessen), in der Medizin (antitumorale, antivirale und sogar anti‐HIV‐Aktivität) und bei der Herstellung von integrierten Schaltungen, alles Gebiete von aktuellem Interesse. Metall‐Sauerstoff‐Cluster treten auch in der Geosphäre — die gemischtvalenten Vanadate ermöglichen ein Verständnis der überaus vielfältigen Geochemie dieses Metalls — und möglicherweise auch in der Biosphäre auf. Zwischen der Chemie der Polyoxoanionen und der Thioanionen derselben Elemente bestehen wichtige Unterschiede, die für die heterogene Katalyse, die Bioanorganische Chemie und die Veterinärmedizin von Bedeutung sind.
Tra-la-Lyrics: An approach to generate text based on rhythm (2007)

This paper is about an ongoing project, Tra-la-Lyrics\nwhich aims to create a computer program capable of gen-\nerating lyrics for given melodies. As a preliminary phase,\nthe correlations between words and rhythm in a song’s\nlyrics was studied and some heuristics were achieved. Al-\ngorithms for syllabic division and syllabic stress identifi-\ncation on a word were implemented. A method for cal-\nculating the strength of each beat of a melody was also\nused. The actual system’s architecture is described. To get\nthe contents of the lyrics we’ve used a relational database\nwhere we could find not only the words, but also their\ngrammatical category and some morphological related at-\ntributes. Some ongoing work is also referred and some\nexamples of the currently possible outputs of the system\nare presented. Conclusions and possible further work are\nfinally discussed.
Autonomous Integrity Monitoring for Precision Approach Using DGPS and a Ground-Based Pseudolite (1993)

Although DGPS is inherently robust to space-vehicle-
related errors, faihues in the differential station or
airborne receiver can be a threat to continuous precise
positioning. The extreme reliability required for
precision approach, therefore, establishes the need for an
active integrity verijication system. Traditional RAM
concepts make use of redundant spacecraft and are
limited by availabifi@ of strong spacecraft geometry.
Furthermore, integrity verification algorithms based on
redundant space vehicles could be susceptible to
intentional tampering with the reference station or
differential correction uplink.
Carrier-tracking of ground-based pseudolites can provide
comprehensive integrity. The centimeter-level accuracy
provided by GPS carrier phase allows extremely tight
detection thresholds to be set. The effect is that ranging
or system errors resulting in position fixes outside
Category III specifications are detectable.
The Kinematic GPS Landing System (KGLS) developed
at Stanford University already uses carrier phase
measurements from ground-based pseudolites known as
GPS Marker Beacons to resolve integer cycle
ambiguities. Once cycle ambiguities are determined,
carrier-based spacecraft ranging provides the accuracy for
Category III precision landing. During approach,
however, a pseudolite can also function as a redundant
ranging source, and thus provide the means for
autonomous integrity monitoring. The proximity of the
pseudolite and the large geometry change that occurs
during aircraft overflight can be used to detect intentional
tampering with the reference station or differential
correction uplink.
The potential for autonomous integrity verification for
Category III approach is demonstrated through analysis,
simulation, and flight tests performed in a singleengine
Piper Dakota.
Accurate Mass as a Bioinformatic Parameter in Data-to-Knowledge Conversion: Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry for Peptide <i>De Novo</i> Sequencing (2007)

With the availability of ultra-precise mass spectrometric biomolecular data, the accurate mass is becoming a physical quantity of high interest for bioinformatics tools and strategies. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization sources now allows the easy determination of amino acid composition of medium size, unknown peptides when employing combinatorial calculation of hypothetical parent and fragment ion masses. This new method, which in a second step, allows the reliable de-novo sequencing of completely unknown peptides ["composition-based sequencing (CBS)"(1)] appears to open a wide new field of bioanalytical investigation. It has been shown that even unspecifically cleaved proteins can be identified easily and reliably when accurate mass evaluation is combined with protein database search tools.(2) It is quite clear that, while the nominal mass of a peptide has obviously no useful correlation to biomolecular structure, the accurate mass, instead, has a strong and direct correlation to structure that so far has not been exploited considerably by bioinformatic tools. It has already become obvious that accurate mass evaluation is going to become a central goal for bioinformatics strategies in the near future.(3-11) Strategies for extracting structural, and even functional, information out of accurate mass values of biomolecules still have to be developed. Examples and prospects of accurate mass evaluation in bioinformatics for the field of proteomics are outlined in the following.