gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic and electrical properties of the ferromagnetic dense Kondo system CeSi<i>x</i> (abstract) (1991)

Measurements of resistivity, susceptibility, and magnetization for polycrystalline samples of the alloys CeSix (1.60≤x≤2.00) in the temperature range 4–300 K show that samples with x≤1.85 order ferromagnetically while those with x≥1.90 do not. Magnetization measurements using a SQUID magnetometer show Tc to remain fairly constant at 10.1 K for x≤1.70, rising gently to 11.1 K at x=1.80, then decreasing rapidly with increasing x. Magnetization measurements on x≤1.80 show the presence of an anomalous second peak at a slightly higher temperature, which has only been observed in single crystals of CeSix for x=1.70 and 1.71.1 CeSix with x=1.90 shows interesting resistive behavior with characteristics of both the magnetic and nonmagnetic samples. The room temperature resistivity is more than a factor of 100 greater than the other members of the series, which vary from each other by no more than a factor of 3, indicating that this sample is very close to the critical concentration for the magnetic–nonmagnetic transition in this series. High-temperature anomalies are seen in the resistivities of samples with x≥1.90, however, no magnetic correlation is observed.&lt;ks&gt;
Structure and Interactions in Micellar Solutions:  Molecular Simulations of Pluronic L64 Aqueous Solutions (2007)

Coarse-grained, implicit solvent molecular simulations have been conducted to investigate the structure and interactions of L64 Pluronic micelles in aqueous solutions. Simulations of an L64 solution beginning with monodisperse micelles (aggregation number Nagg = 40 chains) resulted in a narrow Gaussian distribution of Nagg centered around 40. While not fully equilibrated, this distribution supports the supposition that L64 micelles with Nagg = 40 are representative of the conditions considered and model employed. Detailed analysis of intramicellar monomers distribution and micelle shapes revealed that L64 micelles have a scalene ellipsoidal shape. Additional simulations of solutions containing 125 micelles constrained to have Nagg = 40 at polymer volume fractions of 0.024 and 0.110 were performed to study micelle-micelle structure factor, single micelle form factor, and total scattering intensity. The ability of various models utilized in analysis of scattering profiles in micellar solutions to describe the structure of the model L64 solutions was investigated. Investigation of the potential of mean force between two micelles reveals that the interactions between micelles are repulsive but on a length scale smaller than the mean micelle diameter, indicating that the micellar shape fluctuations are important in determining intermicellar interactions.
Semantics-Enhanced Online Intellectual Capital Mining Service for Enterprise Customer Centers (2015)

One of the greatest challenges of an enterprise's service center is to ensure that their engineers and customers are provided with the right information in a timely fashion. For this purpose, modern organizations operate a wide range of information support systems to assist customers with critical service requests and to provide proactive monitoring, where possible, to prevent service requests from occurring in the first place. It is often the case that relevant information is scattered over the Internet and/or maintained on disparate systems, buried in large amount of noisy data, and in heterogeneous formats, thereby complicating the access to reusable knowledge and extending the response time to reach a resolution. To address these challenges, in this paper we propose an effective knowledge mining solution to improve the quality of service request resolution. We model the service resolution problem as an online search and classification problem, and use domain knowledge in the form of ontology to guide effective machine learning. Our proposed solution has been extensively evaluated with experiments and has been used in a real enterprise customer center.
Adoptive B cell therapy for chronic viral infection (2022)

T cell-based therapies have been widely explored for the treatment of cancer and chronic infection, but B cell-based therapies have remained largely unexplored. To study the effect of B cell therapy, we adoptively transferred virus-specific B cells into mice that were chronically infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Adoptive transfer of virus-specific B cells resulted in increase in antibody titers and reduction of viral loads. Importantly, the efficacy of B cell therapy was partly dependent on antibody effector functions, and was improved by co-transferring virus-specific CD4 T cells. These findings provide a proof-of-concept that adoptive B cell therapy can be effective for the treatment of chronic infections, but provision of virus-specific CD4 T cells may be critical for optimal virus neutralization.
Energy Storage for Power Systems with Rapidly Changing Loads (1992)

In areas with rapidly changing loads of large magnitude, utility companies often experience large deviations in frequency and area control error. Inadvertent tie-line power flow also occurs. The purpose of this research is to examine the effects a large scale energy storage device has on the system response to a rapidly changing load. Two control areas connected by a tie-line are modelled and simulations are performed to determine the response to a step change in load and also to a five-stand rolling mill load. For each type of load, three cases are studied: no energy storage in the system, a superconducting magnetic energy storage device in the system, and a battery energy storage device in the system. Each case is analyzed and the improvements in system operation for each of the energy storage devices is discussed.
Defective glucose counterregulation after subcutaneous insulin in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Paradoxical suppression of glucose utilization and lack of compensatory increase in glucose production, roles of insulin resistance, abnormal neuroendocrine responses, and islet paracrine interactions. (1984)

To characterize glucose counterregulatory mechanisms in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and to test the hypothesis that the increase in glucagon secretion during hypoglycemia occurs primarily via a paracrine islet A-B cell interaction, we examined the effects of a subcutaneously injected therapeutic dose of insulin (0.15 U/kg) on plasma glucose kinetics, rates of glucose production and utilization, and their relationships to changes in the circulating concentrations of neuroendocrine glucoregulatory factors (glucagon, epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormone, and cortisol), as well as to changes in endogenous insulin secretion in 13 nonobese NIDDM patients with no clinical evidence of autonomic neuropathy. Compared with 11 age-weight matched nondiabetic volunteers in whom euglycemia was restored primarily by a compensatory increase in glucose production, in the diabetics there was no compensatory increase in glucose production (basal 2.08 +/- 0.04----1.79 +/- 0.07 mg/kg per min at 21/2 h in diabetics vs. basal 2.06 +/- 0.04----2.32 +/- 0.11 mg/kg per min at 21/2 h in nondiabetics, P less than 0.01) despite the fact that plasma insulin concentrations were similar in both groups (peak values 22 +/- 2 vs. 23 +/- 2 microU/ml in diabetics and nondiabetics, respectively). This abnormality in glucose production was nearly completely compensated for by a paradoxical decrease in glucose utilization after injection of insulin (basal 2.11 +/- 0.03----1.86 +/- 0.06 mg/kg per min at 21/2 h in diabetics vs. basal 2.08 +/- 0.04----2.39 +/- 0.11 mg/kg per min at 21/2 h nondiabetics, P less than 0.01), which could not be accounted for by differences in plasma glucose concentrations; the net result was a modest prolongation of hypoglycemia. Plasma glucagon (area under the curve [AUC] above base line, 12 +/- 3 vs. 23 +/- 3 mg/ml X 12 h in nondiabetics, P less than 0.05), cortisol (AUC 2.2 +/- 0.5 vs. 4.0 +/- 0.7 mg/dl X 12 h in nondiabetics, P less than 0.05), and growth hormone (AUC 1.6 +/- 0.4 vs. 2.9 +/- 0.4 micrograms/ml X 12 h in nondiabetics, P less than 0.05) responses in the diabetics were decreased 50% while their plasma norepinephrine responses (AUC 49 +/- 12 vs. 21 +/- 5 ng/ml X 12 h in nondiabetics, P less than 0.05) were increased twofold (P less than 0.05) and their plasma epinephrine responses were similar to those of the nondiabetics (AUC 106 +/- 17 vs. 112 +/- 10 ng/ml X 12 h in nondiabetics). In both groups of subjects, increases in plasma glucagon were inversely correlated with plasma glucose concentrations (r = -0.80 in both groups, P less than 0.01) and suppression of endogenous insulin secretion (r = -0.57 in nondiabe
FPGA Communication Framework for Communication, Debugging, Testing, and Rapid Prototyping (2011)

FPGA-CF is an open-source, portable, extensible communications framework that consists of a small hardware core (less than 600 slices) and a software library/API (Java and C++). It enables a host PC to transmit data at 120 Mb/s to Xilinx-based FPGA boards via Ethernet using standard inter-networking protocols (UDP/IP). A custom lightweight connection-oriented protocol guarantees reliability. The hardware core is directly connected to the Xilinx internal configuration port (ICAP) and supports all ICAP functionality. The core also provides an extensible user-channel interface and provides up to 15, 8-bit user-data channels that can be connected to user circuitry (configurable by the user). The host software API supports both Java and C++ and provides high-level functionality for making connections and transmitting data. The utility of the system is demonstrated by implementing an on-chip test/debug system using FPGA-CF.
Optimization Algorithms for Distributed Queries (1983)

The efficiency of processing strategies for queries in a distributed database is critical for system performance. Methods are studied to minimize the response time and the total time for distributed queries. A new algorithm (Algorithm GENERAL) is presented to derive processing strategies for arbitrarily complex queries. Three versions of the algorithm are given: one for minimizing response time and two for minimizing total time. The algorithm is shown to provide optimal solutions under certain conditions.
A Method for Producing Photorealistic Digital Outcrop Models (2012)

Outcrop studies can be substantially improved by use of photorealistic digital outcrop models. A method is presented that has been tested for decametre to hectometre long outcrops. The models have accuracy and resolution around one decimeter and the models are conveniently scaled and oriented, allowing for comparison to geological data that were directly acquired in the field. The gear involved is lightweight and low cost when compared to LIDAR. The geologist can backpack this gear, decide acquisition on the flight, and finish the computer processing back in the base camp or in the office. The experiments have been carried in a series of Spanish outcrops that represent a variety of depositional settings: alluvial fan, fluvial fan, point bar deposits, fan-delta, and deepwater. The output models will be discussed in in terms of their quality by report to LIDAR data.
A wearable sensor platform to monitor sweat pH and skin temperature (2013)

This work presents a wearable sensing system, aimed to monitor sweat pH and skin temperature in a noninvasive way. The wireless interface and the body coupling via a smart textile make it particularly comfortable and unobtrusive for the wearer; the applications extend from high risks patients hydration monitoring in a home-care environment, to fitness and wellness applications.
Separation and Quantification of the Major Daucane Esters of Ferula hermonis by HPLC (2001)

A simple HPLC method was developed to quantify the major daucane sesquiterpene esters present in herb and roots of Ferula hermonis Boiss. The method utilized a C(18) reversed phase analytical column with isocratic elution for 30 minutes and UV detection at 240 nm. Extracts from two crude plant samples and two commercial products were fingerprinted and quantitatively analyzed.
Einleitung (1960)

Nur aus einer sehr vergröbernden Sicht, die auf weite Entfernung gegeben ist, wird man behaupten dürfen, daß die großen Wachstumsstufen eines Volkes randscharf voneinander abgehoben sind. Näher betrachtet überlagern sie sich — wie die Ziegel eines Daches — in der Weise, daß auf jeder Stufe noch der Auslauf der bisherigen und schon der Anlauf einer kommenden zu spüren ist. In jeder Gegenwart des Volkes leben Menschen, die mit ihren Welt- und Wertgefühlen noch am Ende der vergangenen Epoche stehen, neben solchen, die bereits im ersten Stadium der nächsten innerlich zu Hause sind. Von hier aus wird erklärbar, wie so oft ein und dieselbe Institution zu gleicher Zeit als unliebsame Neuheit, nötige Errungenschaft und ärgerlicher Hemmschuh der Entwicklung angesehen werden kann. Ausdrücke dieser Art, die schon zu Phrasen festgefroren sind, verraten uns, wie groß der Gegensatz der leiblich-geistigen Bedürfnisse und damit auch der Wertmaßstäbe selbst in einem Zeitraum ist, den man im ganzen noch als Einheit aufzufassen pflegt.
Circulating microvesicles in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia can stimulate marrow stromal cells: implications for disease progression (2009)

Microvesicles (MVs) released by malignant cancer cells constitute an important part of the tumor microenvironment. They can transfer various messages to target cells and may be critical to disease progression. Here, we demonstrate that MVs circulating in plasma of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients exhibit a phenotypic shift from predominantly platelet derived in early stage to leukemic B-cell derived at advanced stage. Furthermore, the total MV level in CLL was significantly greater compared with healthy subjects. To understand the functional implication, we examined whether MVs can interact and modulate CLL bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) known to provide a "homing and nurturing" environment for CLL B cells. We found that CLL-MV can activate the AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin/p70S6K/hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha axis in CLL-BMSCs with production of vascular endothelial growth factor, a survival factor for CLL B cells. Moreover, MV-mediated AKT activation led to modulation of the beta-catenin pathway and increased expression of cyclin D1 and c-myc in BMSCs. We found MV delivered phospho-receptor tyrosine kinase Axl directly to the BMSCs in association with AKT activation. This study demonstrates the existence of separate MV phenotypes during leukemic disease progression and underscores the important role of MVs in activation of the tumor microenvironment.
OP02.06: Satisfactory visualization rates of standard cardiac views at 18–22 weeks gestation: A comparison of static 2‐D and spatial temporal image correlation (STIC 4‐D) (2008)

To compare the percentage of time that all three standard cardiac views can be obtained satisfactorily with the two imaging techniques (2-D and STIC). A prospective IRB approved study of 50 patients undergoing anatomic surveys at 18–22 weeks was performed. The study was performed using the Philips IU-22 and GE E-8 with fetal cardiac settings. The best images were chosen by the principal investigator and stored as jpegs and cine clips for outside review. The reviewers included one pediatric cardiologist and three MFM specialists. The reviewers were provided with static images of the 4-chamber, RVOT, and LVOT from the 2-D studies. They also received cines of these views extracted fron the STIC volumes as well as a cine multi-slice taken at 3–4 mm cuts displaying all three views. The views were scored:1)optimal;2)normal-satisfactory for screening;3) suboptimal-satisfactory for screening; 4)poor visualizaton; 5) not visualized. A score of three or better was required for all three views for an exam to be graded satisfactory for screening. Findings-See Table 1.The four reviewers graded the all three 2-D exams outflow views satisfactory for screening 90 to 98% of the time. The 4-D orthogonal exams were scored satisfactory 54–80% of the time. The 4-D multi-slice scored satisfactorily 40–72% of the time. Using chi-square analysis the decrease in satisfactory screening studies with 4-D imaging was statistically significant for all reviewers at a p value < 0.01. All four reviewers found high rates of satisfactory imaging for static 2-D imaging within the timeframe of a standard 45 minute exam. In comparison all four reviewers found a decrease in satisfactory visualization rates using STIC acquired images. Further work and standardization of what represents a satisfactory image for screening is required. A larger study with kappa analysis of intraobserver variation is planned at our institution.
Gamma Ray Spectral Data Assists In Complex Formation Evaluation (1979)

Recent experiences with gamma ray spectral logging in open hole and cased boreholes illustrate its broad scope of problem-solving capability in formation evaluation. Application of such gamma ray spectral data may be made either qualitatively, such as in detailed stratigraphic correlation, recognition of rock types of different facies, high permeability and fracture identification, location of watered-out intervals, etc., or on a quantitative basis to determine reservoir shaliness, source rock potential of argillaceous formations, potash concentration, etc. The present discussion focuses on the basic measuring principles and illustrates interpretive experiences in open and cased wellbores penetrating clastic and carbonate reservoir rocks, argillaceous formations, evaporite zones, igneous rocks, and mineral deposits such as coal, uranium, and potash.
Polydiacetylene-based ultrastrong bioorthogonal Raman probes for targeted live-cell Raman imaging (2020)

Live-cell Raman imaging based on bioorthogonal Raman probes with distinct signals in the cellular Raman-silent region (1800-2800 cm<sup>-1</sup>) has attracted great interest in recent years. We report here a class of water-soluble and biocompatible polydiacetylenes with intrinsic ultrastrong alkyne Raman signals that locate in this region for organelle-targeting live-cell Raman imaging. Using a host-guest topochemical polymerization strategy, we have synthesized a water-soluble and functionalizable master polydiacetylene, namely poly(deca-4,6-diynedioic acid) (PDDA), which possesses significantly enhanced (up to ~10<sup>4</sup> fold) alkyne vibration compared to conventional alkyne Raman probes. In addition, PDDA can be used as a general platform for multi-functional ultrastrong Raman probes. We achieve high quality live-cell stimulated Raman scattering imaging on the basis of modified PDDA. The polydiacetylene-based Raman probes represent ultrastrong intrinsic Raman imaging agents in the Raman-silent region (without any Raman enhancer), and the flexible functionalization of this material holds great promise for its potential diverse applications.
Confinement Stabilizes a Bacterial Suspension into a Spiral Vortex (2013)

Confining surfaces play crucial roles in dynamics, transport, and order in many physical systems, but their effects on active matter, a broad class of dynamically self-organizing systems, are poorly understood. We investigate here the influence of global confinement and surface curvature on collective motion by studying the flow and orientational order within small droplets of a dense bacterial suspension. The competition between radial confinement, self-propulsion, steric interactions, and hydrodynamics robustly induces an intriguing steady single-vortex state, in which cells align in inward spiraling patterns accompanied by a thin counterrotating boundary layer. A minimal continuum model is shown to be in good agreement with these observations.
Phase Entrainment of Human Delta Oscillations Can Mediate the Effects of Expectation on Reaction Speed (2010)

The more we anticipate a response to a predictable stimulus, the faster we react. This empirical observation has been confirmed and quantified by many investigators suggesting that the processing of behaviorally relevant stimuli is facilitated by probability-based confidence of anticipation. However, the exact neural mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are largely unknown. Here we show that performance changes related to different levels of expectancy originate in dynamic modulation of delta oscillation phase. Our results obtained in rhythmic auditory target detection tasks indicated significant entrainment of the EEG delta rhythm to the onset of the target tones with increasing phase synchronization at higher levels of predictability. Reaction times correlated with the phase of the delta band oscillation at target onset. The fastest reactions occurred during the delta phase that most commonly coincided with the target event in the high expectancy conditions. These results suggest that low-frequency oscillations play a functional role in human anticipatory mechanisms, presumably by modulating synchronized rhythmic fluctuations in the excitability of large neuronal populations and by facilitating efficient task-related neuronal communication among brain areas responsible for sensory processing and response execution.
A HYBRID OPTIMIZATION APPROACH TO THE ESTIMATION OF DISTRIBUTED PARAMETERS IN TWO‐DIMENSIONAL CONFINED AQUIFERS<sup>1</sup> (1998)

ABSTRACT: In using non‐linear optimization techniques for estimation of parameters in a distributed ground water model, the initial values of the parameters and prior information about them play important roles. In this paper, the genetic algorithm (GA) is combined with the truncated‐Newton search technique to estimate groundwater parameters for a confined steady‐state ground water model. Use of prior information about the parameters is shown to be important in estimating correct or near‐correct values of parameters on a regional scale. The amount of prior information needed for an accurate solution is estimated by evaluation of the sensitivity of the performance function to the parameters. For the example presented here, it is experimentally demonstrated that only one piece of prior information of the least sensitive parameter is sufficient to arrive at the global or near‐global optimum solution. For hydraulic head data with measurement errors, the error in the estimation of parameters increases as the standard deviation of the errors increases. Results from our experiments show that, in general, the accuracy of the estimated parameters depends on the level of noise in the hydraulic head data and the initial values used in the truncated‐Newton search technique.
Soft tissue sarcomas (1996)

Soft tissue sarcomas are relatively rare tumors with an annual incidence of 5000 to 6000 in the United States. The primary therapy is surgical resection with an adequate margin of normal tissue. For patients at high risk local control is improved with postoperative adjuvant radiation. Local recurrence rates vary depending on the anatomic site. In extremity lesions one third of patients will have locally recurrent disease with a median disease-free interval of 18 months. Treatment results for extremity local recurrence may approach those for primary disease. Isolated pulmonary metastases may be resected with 20% to 30% 3-year survival rates. Patients with sarcomas in other sites present similar but more difficult problems in terms of local control and management of disseminated disease. Patients with unresectable pulmonary metastases or extrapulmonary metastatic sarcoma have a uniformly poor prognosis and are best treated with systemic chemotherapy.