The Elementary Study on the Folk Appellation Words in Shi Jing (2010)

There are 77 kinship appellations in Shi Jing. This paper gives an exhaustive investigation of the kinship appellations including meaning distribution, semantic structure, word formation capacity, frequencies, reference categories, syntactic functions, combination ability. It puts forward: 1. In Shi Jing, there are 61 words with only one meaning, and 16 polysemous words which have more than two meanings. 2. There are 4 semantic structures, namely, father, mother, husband, and wife. 3. There are 12 monophonic words which lack the capacity to form new kinship terms. 4. There are 3 structures: structure of modification, structure of combination, and structure of affixation. 5. There are 32 words appear only once, 26 words twice to four times, and 19 words more than five times. 6. There are 13 reference categories: appellations to seniors, appellations between peers, appellations to juniors, appellations with multiple functions, general appellations, face to face appellations, appellations with the presence of addressee, appellations without the presence of addressee, beautifying appellations, respectful appellations, appellations to oneself, special appellations, and alternative appellations. 7. There are 34 words which can be only one sentence compositional part independently. There are 29 words which can’t be sentence compositional parts independently. 8. There are 8 types of phrase structures made by the kinship appellations: structure of predication, structure of predication with objectives, structure of preposition with objectives, structure of attributive modification, structure of adverbial modification structure of combination, coordinative structure, and telescopicform structure, among which structure of attributive modification tops the first with 43 phrases, but only one structure of adverbial modification. The basic outlook of the kinship appellations in Shi Jing is displayed through the above mentioned 8 aspects. Key words: Shi Jing, kinship appellations, semantic structures, reference categories, syntactic functions Resume: Il y a 77 appellations de parente dans le Livre des Odes. Cet article nous presente d’une facon exhaustive la repartion des termes, la structure des categories semantiques, leur capacite a former des mots, le systeme de construction semantique, leur frequence d’apparition, les domaines de reference, la fonction syntatique et leur capacite de combinaison en indiquant: 1.Qu’il y a 61 mots monosemiques et 16 mots polysemiques dans le Livre des Odes. 2.Qu’il y a 4 categories semantiques : pere , mere , mari et femme. 3.Que 12 mots monosemiques n’ont pas la capacite a former de nouvelles appellations de parente. 4.Qu’il existe 3 structures : structure modificative, structure combinee et structure additionnelle. 5.Que 32 termes sont utilises une fois, 26 termes 2-4 fois et 19 termes superieurs a 5 fois 6.Qu’il existe 13 domaines de reference : appellations pour les aines, pour les pairs , pour les generations plus jeunes, appellations multiples, appellations courantes, appellation en presence de la personne concernee, appellations en absence de la personne concernee, pronoms de reference, appellations honorables, titres respectueux, appellations de la premiere personne, appellations speciales et termes de reference, pronoms de la premiere personne et pseudonymes. 7.Qu’il y a 34 mots capables de servir indepandamment comme des elements d’une phrase et 29 mots n’ont pas cette fonction. 8.Qu’il existe 8 types de locutions formees par des appellations de parente：sujet-predicatif, verb-objet, preposition-objet, attribut-nom, nom-adverbe, locution composee, locution appositive et structure objet-sujet. 9.A travers les etudes sur les 8 domaines, cet article essaie de nous donner un aspect general sur les fonctions des appellations de parente dans le Livre des Odes. Mots-cles: le Livre des Odes, appellations de parente, categories semantiques, domaines de reference, fonctions syntatiques 摘要：《詩經》親屬稱謂詞語共 77個。本文對全部親屬稱謂詞的詞義分佈、義類結構、構詞能力、結構方式、出現頻率、指稱範疇、句法功能、組合能力進行了窮盡性考察，提出： 1．《詩經》單義詞 61個，含兩項以上意義的多義詞 16個； 2．義類分為父、母、夫、妻 4個系統； 3．缺乏構成新親屬稱謂詞能力的單音詞有 12個； 4．共有偏正、聯合、附加三種結構方式； 5．出現頻率為 1次的有 32個詞，為 2－4次的有 26個詞，為 5次以上的有 19個詞； 6．指稱範疇有長輩稱、同輩稱、晚輩稱、多稱、通稱、面稱、背稱、旁稱、美稱、尊稱、自稱、特稱、別稱共 13種； 7．只能單獨充當一種句子成份的詞有 34個，不能單獨充當句子成份的詞有 29個； 8．由親屬稱謂詞組合而成的短語有主謂、述賓、介賓、定中、狀中、聯合、同位、兼語 8個類型。組合為定中短語的詞昀多，有 43個，組合為狀中短語的詞昀少，只有 1個。 通過以上 8個方面的考察，描寫出《詩經》親屬稱謂詞的基本面貌。 關鍵詞：詩經；親屬稱謂詞；義類；指稱範疇；句法功能