gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
External cavity InAs∕InP quantum dot laser with a tuning range of 166nm (2006)

We have studied the tuning behavior of an external cavity laser in Littrow configuration using antireflection/high-reflection coated InAs∕InGaAsP∕InP quantum dot laser diodes as the amplifying element. Adding the coatings improves the performance of the setup, and the tunability of the external cavity laser output has been increased up to 166nm. Detailed investigations have revealed that laser diode length and width influence the magnitude of the tuning range. Furthermore, the external differential quantum efficiency is systematically increasing as the external cavity laser wavelength is decreasing. These characteristics are discussed in terms of energy levels available in the inhomogeneous broadening of the self-assembled quantum dots.
A frequency domain noise cancelling preprocessor for narrowband speech communications systems (2005)

Performance of narrowband speech communications systems, such as Linear Predictive Coding (LPC), is often severely degraded by the presence of ambient acoustic noise in the input speech signal. Spectral subtraction techniques show promise in improving the overall performance of LPC in acoustic noise environments, but typically present annoying musical tones at the output. A spectral subtraction technique is described, which includes a biased estimate of the noise, that does not present musical tones at the output. In addition, an automatic speech activity detector is described and used to adapt the noise estimate to changing noise environments.
Complete nucleotide sequence of the fumarase gene (<i>citG</i>) of<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>168 (1985)

The nucleotide sequence of a 2.14 kb fragment of Bacillus subtilis DNA containing the citG gene encoding fumarase was determined using the dideoxy chain termination method. The citG coding region of 1392 base pairs (464 codons) was identified, and the deduced Mr (50425) is in good agreement with that of the protein identified from expression in Escherichia coli maxicells. There is no sequence homology between the B. subtilis and E. coli fumarases. Overlapping potential promoter sequences have been identified for sigma 28, sigma 37 and sigma 55 RNA polymerase holoenzymes. The DNA fragment also contains the proximal part of the gerA locus, responsible for L-alanine-sensitive spore germination.
New separation method for monoclonal immunoradiometric assays and its application to assays for thyrotropin and human choriogonadotropin. (1984)

We describe a novel separation procedure for immunoradiometric assays involving monoclonal antibodies in which both radiolabeled and capture antibodies are used in solution, the capture antibody being labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). Separation is achieved by incubation with anti-FITC antibodies on magnetic particles. This technique enhances reaction kinetics relative to those of assays in which a solid-phase capture antibody is used, thus allowing faster reaction times and more economic use of the monoclonal antibodies. The use of anti-FITC magnetic solid phase produces an assay having a highly specific separation method, minimal nonspecific binding, and high sensitivity. The method is illustrated by application to assays for thyrotropin and human choriogonadotropin.
In Search of Low- <i>k</i> Dielectrics (1999)

Within the next few years, high-performance chips containing as many as 0.5 billion transistors on a single chip will be produced, containing up to 10,000 meters of on-chip wiring. However, such increased device and wiring densities cannot be achieved with currently used materials. The search is now on for materials that can replace silicon dioxide as the insulator in these future devices. But despite a bewildering number of candidate materials under investigation, a clear winner has yet to emerge.
Optimal and efficient buffer insertion and wire sizing (2002)

We present optimal solutions to the following problems: (1) post-layout buffer insertion, (2) wire-sizing and (3) simultaneous buffer insertion and wire-sizing. We optimize a practical objective function: required arrival time. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first sub-exponential algorithms for these problems. In experiments, we observe substantial improvements over previous results for buffer insertion, and up to 25% improvement in delay by wire-sizing.
Vav proteins control MyD88-dependent oxidative burst (2006)

The importance of reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI) production in antimicrobial responses is demonstrated in human patients who suffer from chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) due to defective NADPH oxidase function. Exactly how bacterial products activating Toll-like receptors (TLRs) induce oxidative burst is unknown. Here, we identify the Vav family of Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) as critical mediators of LPS-induced MyD88-dependent activation of Rac2, NADPH oxidase, and ROI production using mice deficient in Vav1, Vav2, and Vav3. Vav proteins are also required for p38 MAPK activation and for normal regulation of proinflammatory cytokine production, but not for other MyD88-controlled effector pathways such as those involving JNK, COX2, or iNOS and the production of reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNIs). Thus, our data indicate that Vav specifically transduces a subset of signals emanating from MyD88.
Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of Polyaniline Films (1995)

Photoacoustic spectra as well as optical absorption spectra were measured to study the heat generation by nonradiative processes in electrodeposited polyaniline films in the wavelength range of 310 to 800 nm. The shapes of both spectra depend on the pH for polymerization of electrodeposited polyaniline films. The shapes of infrared spectra also show the pH dependence. Photoacoustic spectra show that the changes of signal intensity are different from those of optical absorption spectra, suggesting the character of lattice relaxation of a low-dimensional system.
Exploring features for identifying edited regions in disfluent sentences (2005)

This paper describes our effort on the task of edited region identification for parsing disfluent sentences in the Switchboard corpus. We focus our attention on exploring feature spaces and selecting good features and start with analyzing the distributions of the edited regions and their components in the targeted corpus. We explore new feature spaces of a part-of-speech (POS) hierarchy and relaxed for rough copy in the experiments. These steps result in an improvement of 43.98% percent relative error reduction in F-score over an earlier best result in edited detection when punctuation is included in both training and testing data [Charniak and Johnson 2001], and 20.44% percent relative error reduction in F-score over the latest best result where punctuation is excluded from the training and testing data [Johnson and Charniak 2004].
Synergistic efficacy of adapalene 0.1%-benzoyl peroxide 2.5% in the treatment of 3855 acne vulgaris patients (2010)

The adapalene-benzoyl peroxide (adapalene-BPO) combination gel is efficacious and safe in the treatment of acne vulgaris. We aimed in this pooled analysis to determine whether the adapalene-BPO combination demonstrates synergistic efficacy. Data were pooled and analyzed from three double-blind controlled studies, in which patients were randomized to receive adapalene-BPO, adapalene, BPO or vehicle once daily for 12 weeks. Efficacy assessments included percent reduction in lesion counts and Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) success. Benefit of each treatment relative to vehicle was calculated by subtracting the vehicle result from the efficacy result. Synergy was defined as the benefit of the combination greater than the sum of benefits of adapalene and BPO monotherapies. Adapalene-BPO was significantly more efficacious than its monotherapies in decreasing lesion counts as early as week 1 and throughout the study (p < 0.05). Synergy in total lesion count reduction was observed up to week 8, contributing 48.7% of the benefit of adapalene-BPO relative to vehicle in decreasing total lesions at week 1. Synergy of the combination in IGA success was observed at weeks 1, 4, 8 and 12. In conclusion, the fixed-dose adapalene-BPO combination gel provides synergistic and significantly greater efficacy than its monotherapies in the treatment of acne vulgaris.
Super acid catalyzed dimerization of fatty acids derived from safflower oil and dehydrated castor oil (1988)

Abstract Dimerization of fatty acids derived from dehydrated castor oil and safflower oil was carried out on the recently described sulphate‐treated zirconia catalyst and trifluoromethane sulphonic acid (triflic acid) under autogeneous pressure in the temperature range of 160–240 C. Triflic acid was observed to be highly active; however, the product obtained was deeply colored. Zirconia exhibited high activity for the reaction. The important features of this catalyst were the high selectivity for dimer (low yields of trimer) and no significant coloration of the products. The zirconia catalyst shows promise for industrial use.
The Impact of Dissolved Organic-Carbon Type on the Extent of Reservoir Souring (2013)

Abstract A reservoir souring forecasting model was presented previously. This model utilized a generic algorithm to determine, via history match, the extent of H2S biogeneration by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) within the waterflooded reservoir such that the production to the surface could be forecasted. The generic algorithm assumed a decline in SRB-usable organic nutrients as a function of water flow within the reservoir. However, nutrient utilization by non-SRB (e.g., nitrate-reducing bacteria) could not be differentiated from the SRB with this model. The current study has incorporated stoichiometry of microbial sulfate and nitrate reduction utilizing both volatile fatty acids (VFA) and BTEX components as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) substrates. This paper presents the updated algorithms and discusses partitioning of the DOC components between oil and water within the reservoir. VFAs such as acetate have historically been assumed to be the favored nutrient source by SRB, but recent field experience has suggested that other DOC sources are contributors. BTEX components, especially toluene, are shown with the model to potentially have a large impact on souring in spite of their limited solubility in the reservoir water. While nitrate usage to control reservoir souring is becoming a "standard" practice, H2S generation in reservoirs with conditions that support BTEX as an SRB nutrient might not be sufficiently inhibited with nitrate.
Dispersion-Corrected Density Functional Theory for Aromatic Interactions in Complex Systems (2012)

Aromatic interactions play a key role in many chemical and biological systems. However, even if very simple models are chosen, the systems of interest are often too large to be handled with standard wave function theory (WFT). Although density functional theory (DFT) can easily treat systems of more than 200 atoms, standard semilocal (hybrid) density functional approximations fail to describe the London dispersion energy, a factor that is essential for accurate predictions of inter- and intramolecular noncovalent interactions. Therefore dispersion-corrected DFT provides a unique tool for the investigation and analysis of a wide range of complex aromatic systems. In this Account, we start with an analysis of the noncovalent interactions in simple model dimers of hexafluorobenzene (HFB) and benzene, with a focus on electrostatic and dispersion interactions. The minima for the parallel-displaced dimers of HFB/HFB and HFB/benzene can only be explained when taking into account all contributions to the interaction energy and not by electrostatics alone. By comparison of saturated and aromatic model complexes, we show that increased dispersion coefficients for sp(2)-hybridized carbon atoms play a major role in aromatic stacking. Modern dispersion-corrected DFT yields accurate results (about 5-10% error for the dimerization energy) for the relatively large porphyrin and coronene dimers, systems for which WFT can provide accurate reference data only with huge computational effort. In this example, it is also demonstrated that new nonlocal, density-dependent dispersion corrections and atom pairwise schemes mutually agree with each other. The dispersion energy is also important for the complex inter- and intramolecular interactions that arise in the molecular crystals of aromatic molecules. In studies of hexahelicene, dispersion-corrected DFT yields "the right answer for the right reason". By comparison, standard DFT calculations reproduce intramolecular distances quite accurately in single-molecule calculations while inter- and intramolecular distances become too large when dispersion-uncorrected solid-state calculations are carried out. Dispersion-corrected DFT can fix this problem, and these results are in excellent agreement with experimental structure and energetic (sublimation) data. Uncorrected treatments do not even yield a bound crystal state. Finally, we present calculations for the formation of a cationic, quadruply charged dimer of a porphyrin derivative, a case where dispersion is required in order to overcome strong electrostatic repulsion. A combination of dispersion-corrected DFT with an adequate continuum solvation model can accurately reproduce experimental free association enthalpies in solution. As in the previous examples, consideration of the electrostatic interactions alone does not provide a qualitatively or quantitatively correct picture of the interactions of this complex.
Lethality of Inert Dust Materials to Kalotermes minor Hagen and Their Role as Preventives in Structural Pest Control (1959)

Samples of 162 insecticide diluents and other finely divided inert materials were first screened in a pilot test in which drywood termites were placed in 1 cc. of the material in 100-ml. beakers, then in a test in which they were confined with blocks of wood that had been dusted at all air velocity of 1,400 feet per minute in a specially constructed wind tunnel. In the latter tests, the four outstanding groups of materials, in descending order of effectiveness, were silica gels, aerogels. or precipitates> montmorillonite days=attapulgite clays> diatomites. In tests made in attics of residences, blocks of wood were placed in a number of locations representing different distances and degrees of accessibility from the point of discharge of the dust. After the dust was applied the wood blocks were taken to the laboratory and termites were confined with them. These tests revealed a property of the sorptive dusts not evaluated in the pilot or wind-tunnel tests, namely, their bulk density. The lighter materials were more uniformly distributed throughout the attic and their superiority to the heavier materials increased with increasing distances from the point of discharge.
Effect of synthetic acyclic polyisoprenoids on the cold-restraint stress induced gastric ulcer in rats. (1983)

The antiulcer effect of a series of synthetic acyclic polyisoprenoids on cold-restraint stress induced ulcer in female rats was determined, and the relationship between their antiulcer effect and chemical structure was also investigated. As a result, the following findings were obtained: The antiulcer effect of acyclic polyisoprenoids closely correlated with the number of intramolecular isoprene units, and geranylgeranyl derivatives showed a particularly marked antiulcer effect. The terminal polar groups such as 2-oxopropyl and 2-hydroxypropyl groups in geranylgeranylacetone seemed to play an important role in the antiulcer activity of acyclic polyisoprenoids. Terminal bulky groups decreased their antiulcer activity, however. The antiulcer activity of geranylgeranylacetone correlated with the number of intramolecular double bonds. There was no significant difference in antiulcer activity between all-trans-geranylgeranylacetone, 5-cis-geranylgeranylacetone and the mixture of these isomers (1:1 and 3:2). The results of this experiment suggested that the antiulcer activity of acyclic polyisoprenoids might be governed by such factors as the number of isoprene units, terminal polar groups, and number of intramolecular double bonds.
The balloon on a wire device: A new ultra‐low‐profile coronary angioplasty system/concept (1988)

A new ultra-low-profile coronary angioplasty device, a "balloon probe," is presented. This device consists of a balloon on a coronary guidewire and is the lowest profile dilatation system presently available. The balloon material is polyethylene terephthalate, a new polymer with high inflation pressure limits and very low compliance. This report discusses this device and its usage in coronary artery disease.
An architecture of small-scaled neuro-hardware using probabilistically-calculated pulse neurons (2002)

Proposes an architecture of a neuro-hardware that can be realized on a far smaller-scaled circuit compared to the conventional approach. In order to reduce the scale of the circuits, the architecture employs a method of computing the membrane potential and the sigmoidal function by encapsulating the probability properties into the relative delay between two pulses of different signal lines. The proposed architecture enables us to integrate more than one hundred of neurons on a latest FPGA chip, which means thirteen-fold miniaturization compared to conventional architecture.
Optimal Stream Clustering Problems in Video-on-Demand 1 (1998)

A variety of resource sharing techniques have been proposed for supporting true video-on-demand by aggregating users into groups. Clustering of users by bridging the temporal skews between them is one such service aggregation technique. We present some recurrent problems in stream clustering and investigate optimal solutions with the main goal of minimizing average bandwidth. We evaluate the performance of heuristic and approximation algorithms for clustering and show that the static case optimal solution performs as an excellent heuristic in the dynamic case. Keywords: Dynamic service aggregation, clustering, video-on-demand. 1 This work is supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. NCR-9523958. 1 INTRODUCTION Supporting VCR-like interactions in true-video-on-demand requires the allocation of a channel to each interactive user. It has been observed that typical content access distributions are skewed. During peak demand, there is a high density of access...
Sleep and daytime sleepiness in upper airway resistance syndrome compared to obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (2001)

This study has investigated differences in the nocturnal sleep and daytime sleepiness among patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS), upper airway resistance (UARS), sleep hypopnoea syndrome, and normal control subjects, using sleep scoring and spectral activity analysis of the electroencephalogram (EEG). Twelve nonobese males with UARS aged 30-60 yrs were recruited. These subjects were strictly matched for age and body mass index with twelve OSAS patients, 12 sleep hypopnoea syndrome patients, and 12 normal controls, all male. Daytime sleepiness was evaluated using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT). The macrostructure of sleep was determined using international criteria and spectral analysis of the sleep EEG was obtained from a central lead. The sleep macrostructure of OSAS and UARS patients was significantly different from that of controls. These patients were also sleepier during the daytime than controls. Complaints of tiredness and daytime sleepiness, ESS and MSLT scores were similar in the different patient groups. Mild dysmorphia was present in all three patient groups. However, nocturnal sleep was significantly different among the different groups. OSAS patients had significantly more awake time during sleep than the UARS patients. The spectral activity of the total sleep time of the patient groups also differed significantly from that of controls. When the sleep spectral activity of UARS and OSAS patients were compared, OSAS patients had less slow wave sleep activity than UARS patients. UARS patients had a significantly higher absolute power in the 7-9 Hz bandwidth than OSAS patients. The absolute delta power over the different sleep cycles was also different between controls and patients, and between UARS and OSAS patients. There are clear differences in the macrostructure and spectral activity of sleep between upper airway resistance and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome patients, demonstrated by differences in the cortical activity recorded in the central lead during sleep. Despite these nocturnal sleep differences, the tests of subjective daytime sleepiness are not significantly different.
Onboard Energy Storage System with UltraCaps of Railway Vehicles (2008)

This paper describes how an on board energy storage system with Ultracaps for railway vehicles proved to be a reliable technical solution with an enormous energy saving potential. Bombardier Transportation already made a lot of experiences in this field, e.g. equipped one bogie of a prototype light rail vehicle (LRV) for the public transportation operator RNV in Mannheim with a MITRAC Energy Saver. Outstanding feature was the daily operation of the energy storage unit in daily passenger service, and this over remarkable 4 years, since September 2003. With 4 years revenue service the new technology can be seen now as reliable. The very positive experience was the base for an order to equip several LRVs with MITRAC Energy Saver, which was just placed by RNV –the best confirmation of successful experience the customer could make. The measured traction energy saving of approximately 30% confirmed fully the former calculations. The revenue service of the prototype LRV is stopped now to concentrate fully on the new order. Running the energy storage device on board of a tram brings the following benefits: (1) a dramatic reduction of the peak power demand, resulting on considerable benefits in the infrastructure; (2) “catenary free operation” on several hundred meters without power supply from the catenary; (3) catenary free city center by on board storage and recharging stations. Applying the energy storage devices in Metro systems has a similar effect as in case of light rail vehicles (LRVs). However the savings distribution in the whole system will be a little bit different. Due to higher regeneration capability of metro systems the expected share of the train propulsion saving will be lower. It will be compensated by a considerable reduction of the line losses, especially for systems with low rated catenary voltages (600V or 750V). Very promising are energy storage applications in propulsion systems of Diesel-Electrical Multiple Units (DEMUs). These vehicles lack possibilities to use the braking energy of the train. Energy storage systems on board of DEMUs bring high fuel savings together with the corresponding emission reduction. On top of that the energy storage leads to a booster effect – extra power during acceleration from the storage, by adding the limited weight of the MITRAC Energy Saver.