gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical fabrication of lightweighted 3D printed mirrors (2015)

Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) and Electron Beam Melting (EBM) 3D printing technologies were utilized to create lightweight, optical grade mirrors out of AlSi10Mg aluminum and Ti6Al4V titanium alloys at the University of Arizona in Tucson. The mirror prototypes were polished to meet the λ/20 RMS and λ/4 P-V surface figure requirements. The intent of this project was to design topologically optimized mirrors that had a high specific stiffness and low surface displacement. Two models were designed using Altair Inspire software, and the mirrors had to endure the polishing process with the necessary stiffness to eliminate print-through. Mitigating porosity of the 3D printed mirror blanks was a challenge in the face of reconciling new printing technologies with traditional optical polishing methods. The prototypes underwent Hot Isostatic Press (HIP) and heat treatment to improve density, eliminate porosity, and relieve internal stresses. Metal 3D printing allows for nearly unlimited topological constraints on design and virtually eliminates the need for a machine shop when creating an optical quality mirror. This research can lead to an increase in mirror mounting support complexity in the manufacturing of lightweight mirrors and improve overall process efficiency. The project aspired to have many future applications of light weighted 3D printed mirrors, such as spaceflight. This paper covers the design/fab/polish/test of 3D printed mirrors, thermal/structural finite element analysis, and results.
The variable effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on myocardial ischaemia in chronic stable angina. (1989)

The effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on myocardial ischaemia was studied in 12 normotensive patients with chronic stable angina and exercise induced ST segment depression. The study was randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, and crossover with treatment periods of two weeks. Enalapril was used to inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme. Assessment was by angina diaries and maximum symptom limited treadmill exercise tests. The results for the whole group showed a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure at rest and at peak exercise. Mean total exercise duration was 466 s (95% confidence interval 406 to 525) when the patients were taking placebo and 509 s (436 to 583) when they were taking enalapril. Four patients prolonged their total exercise time (mean 450 to mean 591 s) by more than 20%. Two patients, however, developed ischaemia earlier on exercise and reduced their total exercise duration (mean 490 to mean 390 s). Although angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition tended to reduce myocardial ischaemia in the group as a whole, some patients improved while others deteriorated. Thus the effects of enalapril are variable and this may have important implications when enalapril is used to treat heart failure in patients with underlying severe ischaemic heart disease.
Association of rheumatoid factor production with FcγRIIIa polymorphism in Taiwanese rheumatoid arthritis (2006)

Fcgamma receptors (FcgammaR) impact upon the development of inflammatory arthritis through immune complex stimulation and proinflammatory cytokine production. FcgammaRIIa, FcgammaRIotaIotaIotaa and FcRgammaIIIb polymorphisms were genotyped in 212 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and 371 healthy control subjects using an allelic-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). No significant skewing in the distribution of FcgammaRIIa H/R131, FcgammaRIIIa F/V158 and FcgammaRIIIb NA1/NA2 was found between RA patients and healthy control subjects. However, a significant skewing distribution of the FcgammaRIIIa F/V158 polymorphism was observed between rheumatoid factor (RF)-positive versus RF-negative RA patients (P = 0.01). The low-affinity FcgammaRIIIa F158 allele seems to have a protective role in RF production, in comparison with the FcgammaRIIIa V158 allele (P = 0.004; OR = 0.485; 95% CI: 0.293-0.803). A high frequency of FcgammaRIIIa F/F158 was identified in RA patients with negative RF compared with RF-positive patients (for FF158 versus FV158 + VV158; P = 0.002; OR = 0.372; 95% CI: 0.194-0.713). In addition, no association was found between FcgammaRIIa H/R131, FcgammaRhoIIIa F/V158 and FcgammaRIIIb NA1/NA2 polymorphisms and other clinical parameters. The results of this study suggest that three activating FcgammaRs polymorphisms lack association with RA but FcgammaIIIa F/V158 polymorphism may influence RF production and IgG RF immune complex handling in Taiwanese RA patients.
Separation techniques: membranes for natural gas sweetening and CO/sub 2/ enrichment (1982)

The ability of polymeric membranes to separate gases has been poor since the 19th century. Early polymeric membranes showed poor selectivity (separation); even the most permeable of gases exhibited poor productivities (fluxes). Due to the inability to perfect a process to produce uniformly good membranes in quantity, practical industrial gas separation systems were not successful. In 1960, a technical breakthrough came with the development of asymmetric membranes for reverse osmosis and their subsequent adaptation to gaseous separation. Based upon development and commercialization of membranes for water desalination by reverse osmosis, Envirogenics Systems Co. has developed gas separation membranes suitable for large-scale industrial applications. The cellulose acetate membrane is produced in flat sheet form and to retain its asymmetric character the membrane is heat-treated and dried by proprietary techniques. This produces a highly selective, dense, active layer with a thick porous support layer having high mechanical stability to withstand high feed gas pressures and high pressure differentials. The membrane is incorporated into spiral-wound elements similar to those for reverse osmosis applications. The membrane, which has been field tested for sweetening natural gas, also can be used for enhanced oil recovery and oxygen enrichment.
A sensitive AC difference method for electron transport measurements (1976)

A simple differential AC technique for continuously measuring small voltage changes in electron transport measurements is described.
A principal component noise filter for high spectral resolution infrared measurements (2004)

This paper describes the application of principal component analysis to reduce the random noise present in the hyperspectral infrared observations. Within a set of spectral observations the number of components needed to characterize the atmosphere is far less than the number of wavelengths observed, typically by a factor between 50 and 70. The higher‐order components, which mainly serve to characterize noise, can be eliminated along with the noise that they characterize. The results obtained depend on the variability of the selected sets of observations and on specific instrument characteristics such as spectral resolution and noise statistics. For a set of 10,000 Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) simulated spectra, whose standard deviation is about 10% of the mean, we were able to obtain noise reduction factors between 5 and 8. Results obtained from real FTS, with standard deviation of about 10% of the mean, indicated practical noise reduction between 5 and 6. To avoid loss of information in the presence of highly deviant observations, it is necessary to use a conservative number of principal components higher than the optimum to maximum noise reduction. However, even then, noise reduction factors of 4 are still achievable.
A Lot More Comes into Focus When You Remove the Lens Cap: Why Proliferating New Technologies Make it Particularly Urgent for the Supreme Court to Abandon its Inside-Out Approach to Freedom of Speech, and Bring Obscenity, Fighting Words, and Group Libel Within the First Amendment (1996)

This article calls for an end to the doctrinal distinction between speech that is "inside" the First Amendment and that which is "outside" it.\nBy re-examining the premises underlying its vindication of the summary suppression of obscenity, and overruling the moribund yet still-mischievous cases of Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire, 315 U.S. 568 (1942) (denying First Amendment protection to "fighting words") and Beauharnais v. Illinois, 343 U.S. 250 (1952) (denying First Amendment protection to group libel), the Court would take an important step towards blunting a variety of modern threats to freedom of expression.\nOtherwise we risk having a Ptolemaic proliferation of First Amendment "exceptions" overwhelm whatever core of "rule" may be left.
Structure and Dynamics of Membrane Proteins by Magic Angle Spinning Solid-State NMR (2009)

Membrane proteins remain difficult to study by traditional methods. Magic angle spinning solid-state NMR (MAS SSNMR) methods present an important approach for studying membrane proteins of moderate size. Emerging MAS SSNMR methods are based on extensive assignments of the nuclei as a basis for structure determination and characterization of function. These methods have already been used to characterize fibrils and globular proteins and are being increasingly used to study membrane proteins embedded in lipids. This review highlights recent applications to intrinsic membrane proteins and summarizes recent technical advances that will enable these methods to be utilized for more complex membrane protein systems in the near future.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of 7-Acylamino-1,4-benzodiazepine-2,5-diones (2003)

A method for the synthesis of polymer-bound 7-acylamino-benzodiazepine-2,5-diones is described. The amino group of an alpha-amino acid is linked to polystyrene or TentaGel resin via reductive amination of polymer-bound 4-alkoxy-2,6-dimethoxybenzaldehyde. Acylation with unprotected 5-nitroanthranilic acid is followed by base-catalyzed ring closure. Reduction of the nitro group yields enantiomerically pure 7-aminobenzodiazepin-2,5-dione attached via the N-4 atom to the resin. Acylation of the amino group on the aromatic ring with acid chlorides in N-methylpyrrolidone (no DMF, no base!) followed by cleavage from the resin using TFA/Me(2)S/water (90:5:5) provides the acylated benzodiazepinones in 52-69% (PS resin) and 41-48% (TG resin) yield (based on the theoretical loading) and >70% purity (HPLC, 210 nm). Using Fmoc-protected tyrosine fluoride in NMP gives the amino acid-coupled benzodiazepinones in 24% (PS resin) and 31% (TG resin) yield.
A dither-free extremum-seeking control approach using 1st-order least-squares fits for gradient estimation (2014)

In this paper, we present a novel type of extremum-seeking controller, which continuously uses past data of the performance map to estimate the gradient of this performance map by means of a 1st-order least squares fit. The approach is intuitive by nature and avoids the need of dither in the extremum-seeking loop. The avoidance of dither allows for an asymptotic stability result (opposed to practical stability in dither-based schemes) and, hence, for exact convergence to the performance optimal parameter. Additionally, the absence of dither eliminates one of the time-scales of classical extremum-seeking schemes, allowing for a possibly faster convergence. A stability proof is presented for the static-map setting which relies on a Lyapunov-Razumikhin type of proof for time-delay systems. Simulations illustrate the effectiveness of the approach also for the dynamic setting.
Structural, electronic transport and optical properties of Zn-doped CdTe thin films (2006)

Non-doped and Zn-doped CdTe thin films were deposited by thermal evaporation under vacuum onto unheated glass substrates, using staked layer method. Zn content in the samples was controlled by Zn source temperature that varied in 670 K – 770 K range. The CdTe source temperature was 925 K and was kept constant during deposition of all samples. The XRD studies revealed that the non-doped CdTe films present a cubic oriented (111) polycrystalline structure whereas the as-deposited Zn-doped films are quasi-amorphous. The influence of Zn doping on the electrical conductivity and its temperature dependence and optical absorption spectra of CdTe thin films was investigated. Depending upon Zn content, the electrical conductivity at room temperature for as deposited films varied in the 10 Ω-1m-1 – 104Ω-1m-1 range and was about of six to ten orders of magnitude higher that those of non-doped CdTe films. The annealing up to 800 K determines an important irreversible decrease of doped film conductivity. Also, an increase of the optical band gap (from 1.49 eV for non-doped CdTe films) to 1.67 eV (for Zn-doped annealed samples) was observed.
Purification and characterization of fish surface mucin. (1987)

Fish surface mucin from Pampus argenteus was extracted with different organic solvents and the residue passed through Sephadex G-200. The major peak was purified by DEAE-Cellulose chromatography and five fractions were obtained. Carbohydrate and protein contents showed that major peak is a glycoprotein. Rechromatography of this component on the Sephadex G-200 column gave a single peak, with an estimated minimal molecular weight of 6.9 X 10(5). Analysis of individual sugar components revealed the presence of galactose, glucose, mannose, arabinose, N-acetyl glucosamine, N-acetyl galactosamine and sialic acid. The most represented amino acids are threonine, serine, proline, glutamic acid and glycine. The N-terminal amino acid end was blocked. Nearly 47% of sulphate was acid labile. Sialic acid and fucose were released rapidly by mild acid hydrolysis. The presence of blood group-A activity suggests that some kind of terminal alpha-Gal-NAC may be present.
Expression of Kinase-inactive c-Src Delays Oxidative Stress-induced Disassembly and Accelerates Calcium-mediated Reassembly of Tight Junctions in the Caco-2 Cell Monolayer (2003)

The activity of Src kinases appears to play a role in both assembly and disassembly of tight junction. However, the role of a specific isoform of Src kinase in regulation of tight junction is not known. In the present study the role of c-Src in regulation of epithelial tight junction was investigated in Caco-2 cell monolayers. Oxidative stress (xanthine oxidase + xanthine) induced an activation and membrane translocation of c-Src. The oxidative stress-induced decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance, increase in inulin permeability, and redistribution of occludin and ZO-1 from the intercellular junctions were prevented by PP2. The rates of oxidative stress-induced activation of c-Src, tyrosine phosphorylation of ZO-1 and beta-catenin, decrease in resistance, increase in permeability to inulin, and redistribution of occludin and ZO-1 were significantly greater in cells transfected with wild type c-Src, whereas it was low in cells transfected with kinase-inactive c-SrcK297R mutant, when compared with those in empty vector-transfected cells. The rates of recovery of resistance, increase in barrier to inulin, and reorganization of occludin and ZO-1 into the intercellular junctions during the calcium-induced reassembly of tight junction were much greater in Caco-2 cells transfected with c-SrcK297R as compared with those in cells transfected with empty vector or wild type c-Src. These results show that the dominant-negative expression of kinase-inactive c-Src delays the oxidative stress-induced disruption of tight junction and accelerates calcium-induced assembly of tight junction in Caco-2 cells and demonstrate that oxidative stress-induced disruption of tight junction is mediated by the activation of c-Src.
Nuclear Jak2 and Transcription Factor NF1-C2: a Novel Mechanism of Prolactin Signaling in Mammary Epithelial Cells (2006)

The classical mechanism by which prolactin transduces its signal in mammary epithelial cells is by activation of cytosolic signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (Stat5) via a plasma membrane-associated prolactin receptor-Janus kinase 2 (Jak2) complex. Here we describe an alternative pathway through which prolactin via Jak2 localized in the nucleus activates the transcription factor nuclear factor 1-C2 (NF1-C2). Previous reports have demonstrated a nuclear localization of Jak2, but the physiologic importance of nuclear Jak2 has not been clear. We demonstrate that nuclear Jak2 regulates the amount of active NF1-C2 through tyrosine phosphorylation and proteasomal degradation. Our data also demonstrate a link between prolactin and p53 as well as the milk gene carboxyl ester lipase through nuclear Jak2 and NF1-C2. Hence, we describe a novel pathway through which nuclear Jak2 is subject to regulation by prolactin in mammary epithelial cells.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS, CONFORMATIONAL STUDIES AND ENANTIOSELECTIVE HOMOGENEOUS CATALYTIC HYDROGENATION WITH CRC‐PHOS, AND SOME CONGENERS (1982)

Abstract Eine für den aus dem Camphansäureester (I) dargestellten Liganden (III) unter Hinzuziehung von (IIa) und (II) (R: ‐Me) als Modellverbindungen durchgeführte Strukturuntersuchung mit Hilfe der LIS‐ Methode (LIS: Lanthanide Induced Shift) ergab für alle stabilen (III)‐Konformation/en sehr große Diederwinkel ψ , was eine zweizähnige Komplexbindung über ein Lacton‐O‐ und das P‐Atom unmöglich macht.
THE SIZE OF INFLUENZA VIRUS (1944)

The sedimentation behavior of influenza virus in dilute solutions of electrolyte was found to be quite variable. At times the virus activity appeared to sediment at a rate comparable with that of particles about 80 to 120 mmicro in diameter, at other times at a rate comparable with that of particles about 10 mmicro in diameter, and at still other times the bulk of the activity appeared to sediment at a rate comparable with that of the larger particles and the residual activity at a rate comparable with that of the smaller particles. However, in the presence of a sucrose density gradient, the virus activity was always found to sediment with a rate comparable to that of particles about 80 to 120 mmicro in diameter; hence it appeared that the variable sedimentation behavior in dilute electrolyte solution was due to convection or mechanical disturbances during centrifugation. About 30 per cent of the high molecular weight protein present in the allantoic fluid of chick embryos infected with the F 12 strain of influenza virus was found to consist of a component having a sedimentation constant of about 30 S, and hence a probable particle diameter of about 10 mmicro. The residual protein of high molecular weight was present in the form of a component having a sedimentation constant of about 600 S, and hence a probable particle diameter of about 70 mmicro. The proportion of the 30 S component in allantoic fluid of chick embryos infected with the PR8 strain of influenza virus was found to be considerably less. The 600 S and 30 S components of F 12 allantoic fluid were purified and separated by differential centrifugation. The purified preparations of the 600 S component were found to possess a specific virus activity from 100 to over 10,000 times that of the purified preparations of the 30 S component, the difference in activity apparently depending only on the degree of fractionation of the two components. The purified 30 S component was found to sediment normally in the presence of 12 per cent sucrose, whereas the small residual virus activity of such preparations was found to sediment in the presence of a sucrose density gradient with a rate comparable to that of much heavier particles. It is concluded that influenza virus activity is not associated with material having a particle diameter of about 10 mmicro, but is associated solely with material having a sedimentation constant of about 600 S and hence a probable particle diameter of about 70 mmicro.
Biochemical characteristics of spontaneous mutants of Acetobacter aceti deficient in ethanol oxidation. (1985)

It has frequently been observed that acetic acid bacteria showconsiderable genetic instability which causes spontaneous mutations leading to deficiencies in various physiological properties including taxonomically crucial
Enzymo- and immunocytochemical analyses of the differentiation of liver cells in the prenatal mouse (1981)

Differentiation of the endodermal cells of the mouse liver was studied enzymo- and immunocytochemically by analyzing the cellular localization of alphafoetoprotein (AFP), glycogen, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and 5'-nucleotidase (5'-Nase) activities. 1. In 8.5-day foetuses, AFP appears in some endodermal cells of the anterior intestinal portal region. The cells of the cranial diverticulum contain much AFP at 9.5 days, while those of the caudal diverticulum contain less AFP. 2. In 9.5- to 15.5-day foetuses, hepatocytes are intensely fluorescent for AFP. After 16.5 days less-positive hepatocytes increase in number. AFP is still present in a few hepatocytes of 14-day-old postnatal mice. ALP and 5'-Nase activities appear in a small proportion of hepatocytes at 13.5 and 14.5 days of embryonal life, respectively. At 15.5 days, many hepatocytes possess these enzyme activities, and initiate accumulation of glycogen. AFP-containing hepatocytes type I (gestation day 9.5-16.5) successively acquire ALP and 5'-Nase activities and accumulate glycogen, and then differentiate into hepatocytes type II after gestation day 17.5. 3. Endodermal cells constituting lumen structures in the liver trabeculae are the precursor of the intrahepatic bile duct cells. They possess much AFP, but no glycogen and no ALP activity, and are similar to hepatocytes type I. Since immature hepatic duct cells also possess much AFP, but no glycogen, and no ALP and 5'-Nase activities, they are similar to endodermal cells of the lumen structures. Therefore, that the endodermal cells of the lumen structures are the intermediate cells between hepatocytes type I and hepatic duct cells may be conceivable.
Influence of Sensor Variations on the Condition of the Magnetostatic Linear Inverse Problem (2010)

We examine the influence of randomized variations of the sensor directions on the condition of the linear inverse problem in magnetostatics. Sensor arrays with varied sensor directions are compared with arrays using perfectly in parallel aligned sensors. As evaluation criterion the condition number of the related lead field matrix is used. The results reveal that for mono-axial sensor arrays the condition of the linear inverse problem can be considerably improved, when sensors are directed non-uniformly. Furthermore, our findings indicate that also small variations of the sensor Z-positions of planar mono-axial arrays can lead to a better condition.
The Effect of Microstructure on the KISSC Low Alloy Carbon Steels (1998)

Abstract In this work, the effect of microstructure of low alloy carbon steels on the resistance to sulfide stress cracking (SSC) was analyzed. Several modified AISI 4130 steels (most of them microalloyed with V, Nb, Ti or B) were heat treated so different yield strengths and microstructures were obtained. The SSC performance was evaluated using Double-Cantilever-Beam Test (Method D NACE TM0177-96). According with their microstructure, the materials can be divided in three different types: materials that presented some percentage of upper bainite in their microstructure (composed of laths of approximately 1 micron wide and large carbides at the border of the laths) presented significantly lower SSC resistance. Materials which had microstructure composed mainly of tempered lath martensite had an intermediate resistance. In addition, the presence of large grain boundaries reduced the SSC resistance. The best resistance was obtained with a microstructure that is a mixed of tempered lath martensite and a phase composed of ferrite and carbides; this material presented also a fine dispersion of (CN)Nb.
Compilation of Paintings on the Normal and Pathologic Anatomy of the Reproductive System (1956)

The most critically acclaimed of all of Dr. Frank H. Netter's works, this fully illustrated single book from the 8-volume/13-book reference collection includes: hundreds of world-renowned illustrations by Frank H. Netter, MD; informative text by recognized medical experts; anatomy, physiology, and pathology; and diagnostic and surgical procedures.