gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Short-term fasting induces profound neuronal autophagy (2010)

Disruption of autophagy--a key homeostatic process in which cytosolic components are degraded and recycled through lysosomes--can cause neurodegeneration in tissue culture and in vivo. Upregulation of this pathway may be neuroprotective, and much effort is being invested in developing drugs that cross the blood brain barrier and increase neuronal autophagy. One well-recognized way of inducing autophagy is by food restriction, which upregulates autophagy in many organs including the liver; but current dogma holds that the brain escapes this effect, perhaps because it is a metabolically privileged site. Here, we have re-evaluated this tenet using a novel approach that allows us to detect, enumerate and characterize autophagosomes in vivo. We first validate the approach by showing that it allows the identification and characterization of autophagosomes in the livers of food-restricted mice. We use the method to identify constitutive autophagosomes in cortical neurons and Purkinje cells, and we show that short-term fasting leads to a dramatic upregulation in neuronal autophagy. The increased neuronal autophagy is revealed by changes in autophagosome abundance and characteristics, and by diminished neuronal mTOR activity in vivo, demonstrated by a reduction in levels of phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein in Purkinje cells. The increased abundance of autophagosomes in Purkinje cells was confirmed using transmission electron microscopy. Our data lead us to speculate that sporadic fasting might represent a simple, safe and inexpensive means to promote this potentially therapeutic neuronal response.
Metamaterials and photonic crystals – potential applications for self-organized eutectic micro- and nanostructures (2008)

Recently in the field of photonics two new approaches for novel materials appeared. These materials are  photonic crystals and metamaterials. In this paper the definition, methods of manufacturing and  applications of these novel materials are discussed as well as the potentials of self-organized eutectic  micro- and nanostructures for such  optical applications. Examples of eutectic self-organized structures  grown by the micro-pulling down method are presented.
Colloidal matter: Packing, geometry, and entropy (2015)

Colloidal particles with well-controlled shapes and interactions are an ideal experimental system for exploring how matter organizes itself. Like atoms and molecules, these particles form bulk phases such as liquids and crystals. But they are more than just crude analogs of atoms; they are a form of matter in their own right, with complex and interesting collective behavior not seen at the atomic scale. Their behavior is affected by geometrical or topological constraints, such as curved surfaces or the shapes of the particles. Because the interactions between the particles are often short-ranged, we can understand the effects of these constraints using geometrical concepts such as packing. The geometrical viewpoint gives us a window into how entropy affects not only the structure of matter, but also the dynamics of how it forms.
Gene Expression Profiling in Pulmonary Hypertension (2007)

The application of functional genomics toward the investigation of complex medical conditions has moved from a futuristic dream to a medical reality in less then a decade. The ability to examine the expression level of thousands of genes simultaneously has opened the door for entirely new approaches toward experimental observation and discovery. The resulting data from these genomic studies is being collected at an unprecedented scale. This wealth of data can present its own obstacles in terms of analysis. However, as new and more powerful means of examining these experiments are developed, medical science is reaping significant benefit. The power of microarray gene expression analysis has been directed at a diverse and complex array of diseases. As will be discussed in this article, the investigation of pulmonary hypertension has already benefited greatly from the application of this technology.
A new X‐linked mental retardation syndrome (1985)

We have studied a three-generation family with 11 moderately to severely retarded males and three mildly retarded females (presumably manifesting carriers). The patients have a phenotype different from that of all other previously described types of X-linked MR (XLMR). These include short stature, macrocephaly, "coarse" facial appearance including prominent forehead and supraorbital ridges, hypertelorism, broad nasal tip with anteverted nostrils, and thick lips. All postpubertal males had macroorchidism (volume greater than 25 ml). Chromosomes were normal including fragile X analysis. X-ray findings of skull, spine, and hands were normal. The intellectually normal relatives do not resemble their affected relatives except for increased head size and testicular size. These findings suggest a new variant of XLMR different from fragile X-linked MR, the Coffin-Lowry syndrome, and other XLMR conditions.
Mimicking the Cell: Bio-Inspired Functions of Supramolecular Assemblies (2015)

Contains fulltext : 157231.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)
Einführung (1990)

Nach § 3 Abs. 1 der Abgabenordnung (AO) sind Steuern Geldleistungen. Bemessungsgrundlage für eine Steuerfestsetzung muß deshalb ein bestimmter Geldbetrag sein. Wirtschaftsgüter, die nicht in Geld bestehen, müssen daher, um Bemessungsgrundlage für eine Steuerfestsetzung zu sein, in Geld ausgedrückt werden. Die Nützlichkeit eines Wirtschaftsguts für die Menschen ist unterschiedlich. Deshalb hat auch ein Gegenstand für verschiedene Menschen einen unterschiedlichen Wert. Diese subjektive Einschätzung des Wertes eines Gegenstands kann aber nicht Grundlage der Besteuerung sein. Im Interesse der Gleichmäßigkeit der Besteuerung und der Rechtssicherheit muß deshalb eine gesetzliche Festlegung der Bewertung erfolgen.
Flavor encapsulation (1989)

Abstract The two major processes which are used commercially for the encapsulation of flavors are spray drying and extrusion. Numerous other processes exist and either show potential for commercial application (e.g., inclusion in cyclodextrins) or have found limited use in the industry (e.g., spray cooling of fats and coacervation). Each of these processes offers unique advantages and disadvantages for flavor encapsulation. For example, spray drying, the most common method of flavor encapsulation, is quite economical, offers substantial variation in encapsulation matrix, and is readily available in terms of processing capacity. Yet spray drying produces a product which is difficult to disperse in a finished application and offers only moderate protection to flavors which are subject to oxidation. This review provides a brief description of the processes most common or commercially promising in the industry. The discussion covers both the current state of knowledge about these methods and the strengths and weaknesses of these techniques.
Genome and Bioinformatic Analysis of a HAdV-B14p1 Virus Isolated from a Baby with Pneumonia in Beijing, China (2013)

The genome of HAdV-B14p1 strain BJ430, isolated from a six-month-old baby diagnosed with bronchial pneumonia at the Beijing Children's Hospital in December 2010, was sequenced, analyzed, and compared with reference adenovirus genome sequences archived in GenBank. This genome is 34,762 bp in length, remarkably presenting 99.9% identity with the genome from HAdV14p1 strain 303600, which was isolated in the USA (2006). Even more remarkable, it is 99.7% identical with the HAdV-B14p (prototype "de Wit" strain) genome, isolated from The Netherlands in 1955. The patient and its parents presumably had no or limited contact with persons from the USA and Ireland, both of which reported outbreaks of the re-emergent virus HAdV-14p1 recently. These genome data, its analysis, and this report provide a reference for any additional HAdV-B14 outbreak in China and provide the basis for the development of adenovirus vaccines and molecular pathogen surveillance protocols in high-risk areas.
Anemia in the Elderly: A Public Health Crisis in Hematology (2005)

Over 3 million people in the United States aged 65 years and older are anemic. This condition is associated with significant functional impairment and, perhaps, increased mortality. In March 2004, the American Society of Hematology (in conjunction with the National Institute of Aging) convened a "blue ribbon" panel of twenty physicians who are experts on various aspects of this topic. This paper highlights important consensus concepts resulting from that meeting. In particular, four areas of thought are shared. First, the epidemiology of anemia in the elderly is reviewed, including its definition, its expression in different racial groups, and its wide-ranging manifestations. Second, the pathophysiology of anemia in the elderly is reviewed as pertains to three general etiological categories (nutritional, chronic diseases, and so-called "unexplained" anemias). Particular emphasis is given to pathophysiologic mechanisms of anemia that are potentially unique to this age group. Third, a practical approach to the diagnosis and management of anemia for this patient population for the practicing hematologist is provided. Finally, the public health implications of anemia in the elderly for key stakeholder constituencies will be discussed in the oral presentation.
Display nonlinearity in digital image processing for visual communications (1991)

The luminance emitted from a cathode ray tube, (CRT) display is a nonlinear function (the gamma function) of the input video signal voltage. In most analog video systems, compensation for this nonlinear transfer function is implemented in the camera amplifiers. When CRT displays are used to present psychophysical stimuli in vision research, the specific display nonlinearity usually is measured and accounted for to ensure that the luminance of each pixel in the synthetic image properly represents the intended value. However, when using digital image processing, the linear analog-to-digital converters store a digital image that is nonlinearly related to the displayed or recorded image. This paper describes the effect of this nonlinear transformation on a variety of image-processing applications used in visual communications.
Surface acoustic wave micromotor with arbitrary axis rotational capability (2011)

A surface acoustic wave (SAW) actuated rotary motor is reported here, consisting of a millimeter-sized spherical metal rotor placed on the surface of a lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric substrate upon which the SAW is made to propagate. At the design frequency of 3.2 MHz and with a fixed preload of 41.1 μN, the maximum rotational speed and torque achieved were approximately 1900 rpm and 5.37 μN-mm, respectively, producing a maximum output power of 1.19 μW. The surface vibrations were visualized using laser Doppler vibrometry and indicate that the rotational motion arises due to retrograde elliptical motions of the piezoelectric surface elements. Rotation about orthogonal axes in the plane of the substrate has been obtained by using orthogonally placed interdigital electrodes on the substrate to generate SAW impinging on the rotor, offering a means to generate rotation about an arbitrary axis in the plane of the substrate.
Crystal Scintillators (1984)

The paper reviews the properties of conventional scintillator crystals. For alkali halides (CsI:Tl) a marked relationship exists between luminescence properties and crystal growth parameters (starting material, growing method, melting atmosphere, annealing). The properties of intrinsic scintillator crystals (Bi4Ge3O12, CdWO4, ZnWO4) are mainly influenced by the purity of the starting material.
Liquid polyacrylates (1953)

Abstract Liquid polymers of ethyl, n ‐butyl, and 2‐ethylhexyl acrylates were prepared using an anionic initiating system. Liquid polyethyl acrylate was tested as a plasticizer in a stabilized and unstabilized polyvinyl chloride plastisol composition. In the unstabilized composition, fused samples were obtained which were comparable in color to a di‐2‐ethylhexyl phthalate (DOP) plasticized polyvinyl chloride sample prepared under the same conditions. Stress–strain tests on stabilized films indicated that with liquid polyethyl acrylate as the plasticizer a film was obtained showing higher tensile strength, yet equivalent ultimate elongation as compared to a similarly prepared DOP plasticized composition.
Novel electrostatic discharge protection design for nanoelectronics in nanoscale CMOS technology (2004)

A novel electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection concept by using the already-on device is proposed to effectively protect CMOS integrated circuits (IC) in nanoscale CMOS processes against ESD stress. Such an already-on NMOS device is designed to have a threshold voltage of /spl sim/0 V, or even negative. When the IC is under the ESD zapping conditions, such already-on NMOS in CMOS IC are initially standing in the turn-on state and ready to discharge ESD current during any ESD zapping. So, such already-on NMOS has the fastest turn-on speed and the lowest trigger-on voltage to effectively protect the internal circuits with a much thinner gate oxide (/spl sim/15 /spl Aring/) in future sub-100 nm CMOS technology. To keep such already-on devices off when the IC is under normal circuit operating condition, an on-chip negative voltage generator realized by the diodes and capacitors is used to bias the gates of such already-on devices. The proposed already-on device and the on-chip negative voltage generator are fully process-compatible to the general sub-100 nm CMOS processes.
Mobile Phone–Based Remote Patient Monitoring System for Management of Hypertension in Diabetic Patients (2007)

The encouraging results of this study provide a strong rationale for a long-term, randomized, clinical trial to determine whether this home BP tele-management system improves BP control in the community among patients with uncontrolled hypertension.
The effect of dissolving salts or gases in water sprayed on a hot surface (2001)

grantor: University of Toronto
The Relationship Between Intellectual Property Rights and Foreign Direct Investment (1998)

Since the mid-1980s, policymakers in developed and developing countries have directed increasing attention to intellectual property rights (IPRs). The globalization of economic activities and the expansion of international transactions involving knowledge-intensive products have generated much friction around this topic. This friction often reflects differences in national approaches toward the protection of IPRs. In turn, the various national approaches have fostered a movement toward higher standards of protection at a worldwide level. Many developing countries, for example, have begun to reform their IPR regimes in response to new international commitments, domestic economic reforms, and external pressures.
American Strategy in the Atomic Age (1956)

American Strategy in the Atomic Age Get access American Strategy in the Atomic Age. By Colonel George C. Reinhardt. Norman, University of Oklahoma Press, 1955. ix+236 pp. Index. 8½″ × 5½″. $3.75. M. E. Howard M. E. Howard Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 32, Issue 1, January 1956, Pages 131–132, https://doi.org/10.2307/2607944 Published: 01 January 1956
Investigation of Practical Routes for the Kilogram-Scale Production of <i>cis</i>-3-Methylamino-4-methylpiperidines (2005)

Two routes for the synthesis of cis-N-protected-3-methylamino-4-methylpiperidine (3) were examined: a route hinging on the electrochemical oxidation of carbamate 1 to install a ketone at the 3 position of the piperidine followed by reductive amination (disconnection A), and a route involving the hydrogenation of an appropriately functionalized pyridine (disconnection B). While both routes to the desired compound were ultimately successful, the pyridine hydrogenation approach proved to be more amenable to kilogram-scale preparations due to the crystallinity and purity of intermediates in that route.
Probing the Enzymatic Activity of Alkaline Phosphatase within Quantum Dot Bioconjugates (2015)

Enzymes provide the critical means by which to catalyze almost all biological reactions in a controlled manner. Methods to harness and exploit their properties are of strong current interest to the growing field of biotechnology. In contrast to depending upon recombinant genetic approaches, a growing body of evidence suggests that apparent enzymatic activity can be enhanced when located at a nanoparticle interface. We use semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) as a well-defined and easily bioconjugated nanoparticle along with Escherichia coli-derived alkaline phosphatase (AP) as a prototypical enzyme to seek evidence for this process in a de novo model system. We began by first assessing whether the relatively large dimeric AP protein (∼100 kDa) can be assembled onto two differentially sized green and red CdSe/ZnS core/shell QDs in a ratiometric and structurally controlled manner; such assembly is necessary to minimize heterogeneity within the bioconjugate and provide intimate control over the experimental format. For this, analysis is undertaken using both structural modeling and physicochemical characterization techniques including dynamic light scattering and agarose gel electrophoresis; these all provide strong supporting evidence for controlled AP attachment to the QDs. The enzymatic activity of AP-QD bioconjugates assembled on the different QDs and displaying variable AP:QD ratios was then assayed against equivalent amounts of freely diffusing enzyme controls in both conventional excess substrate formats and a varying enzyme–fixed substrate format that is more amenable in general to concentration-limited nanoparticle conjugates. The resulting experimental data were then analyzed in the context of the Michaelis–Menten model and compared. The results show a general equivalency between the two assay formats while also providing evidence for an increase in apparent AP activity of ca. 25% when attached to the QDs. Some discussion is provided on the underlying mechanisms that may contribute to the enhanced activity along with the implications of this work toward future research.
Low-temperature-processed efficient semi-transparent planar perovskite solar cells for bifacial and tandem applications (2015)

Semi-transparent perovskite solar cells are highly attractive for a wide range of applications, such as bifacial and tandem solar cells; however, the power conversion efficiency of semi-transparent devices still lags behind due to missing suitable transparent rear electrode or deposition process. Here we report a low-temperature process for efficient semi-transparent planar perovskite solar cells. A hybrid thermal evaporation-spin coating technique is developed to allow the introduction of PCBM in regular device configuration, which facilitates the growth of high-quality absorber, resulting in hysteresis-free devices. We employ high-mobility hydrogenated indium oxide as transparent rear electrode by room-temperature radio-frequency magnetron sputtering, yielding a semi-transparent solar cell with steady-state efficiency of 14.2% along with 72% average transmittance in the near-infrared region. With such semi-transparent devices, we show a substantial power enhancement when operating as bifacial solar cell, and in combination with low-bandgap copper indium gallium diselenide we further demonstrate 20.5% efficiency in four-terminal tandem configuration.
The Turnstile Circulator (1956)

Theory and performance of a narrow band circulator employing but a single junction and a 45-degree Faraday rotator are discussed. Factors affecting bandwidth are considered and pertinent curves are plotted. Isolation bandwidth curves permit prediction of performance. This compact circulator, although frequency sensitive, is tunable and provides high reverse and cross isolations making it especially suited to duplexing, isolating and switching applications.
Donor−Acceptor−Donor Tetrazines Containing a Ferrocene Unit:  Synthesis, Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Properties (2006)

Donor-acceptor-donor tetrazines containing ferrocene moieties and phenyl unit as a pi-bridge have been synthesized and characterized. UV-vis spectroscopic and cyclic voltamperometric results indicate sizable intramolecular charge transfer interactions in the ground state when the ferrocene is directly bound to the tetrazine. On the other hand, the results show reduction of the electron-donor strength of ferrocene moieties when there is a phenyl linkage. Both tetrazines display a high reduction potential. The role of ferrocenyl groups appear to be detrimental to maximize the cubic hyperpolarizability gamma of tetrazines, as compared to purely organic groups such as thiophene. A possible explanation for this behavior may originate from metal-to-ligand charge transfer processes.
Interstitial Cystitis in Children (1953)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Dec 1953Interstitial Cystitis in Children Harold P. McDonald, Wilborn E. Upchurch, and Clinton E. Sturdevant Harold P. McDonaldHarold P. McDonald More articles by this author , Wilborn E. UpchurchWilborn E. Upchurch More articles by this author , and Clinton E. SturdevantClinton E. Sturdevant More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)68000-5AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1953 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByFarkas A, Waisman J and Goodwin W (2018) Interstitial Cystitis in Adolescent GirlsJournal of Urology, VOL. 118, NO. 5, (837-839), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1977.Warres H (2018) Interstitial CystitisJournal of Urology, VOL. 87, NO. 4, (542-544), Online publication date: 1-Apr-1962.Chenoweth C and Clawater E (2018) Interstitial Cystitis in ChildrenJournal of Urology, VOL. 83, NO. 2, (150-152), Online publication date: 1-Feb-1960.Burford E and Burford C (2018) Runner Ulcer of the Bladder: A Report of 187 CasesJournal of Urology, VOL. 79, NO. 6, (952-955), Online publication date: 1-Jun-1958. Volume 70Issue 6December 1953Page: 890-893 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1953 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Harold P. McDonald More articles by this author Wilborn E. Upchurch More articles by this author Clinton E. Sturdevant More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Cainozoic fossils of Queensland (1970)

This part illustrates those Queensland Cainozoic (Tertiary and Quaternary) fossils which are either of stratigraphic significance, or are illustrative of the occurrence of a particular group in Cainozoic sediments of this State. The explanatory matter for each illustration notes features suitable for their recognition, and gives the ranges, first of the genus (if this exceeds the Cainozoic), and then of the species as it is known for Queensland, together with geographic and stratigraphic details. A map showing tht distribution of Cainozoic rocks in Queensland is presented on page cz.36.
Recent Progress In The Measurement Of Temperature And Salinity By Optical Scattering (1984)

Recent progress is described in the use of Brillouin and Raman scattering for the measurement of temperature and salinity in the ocean. The use of Brillouin scattering is described for the measurement of the sound velocity, and the use of Raman scattering is described for the independent measurement of the temperature and salinity. Coupling these techniques permits the assessment of both temperature and salinity. The experimental techniques are described together with the results of recent experiments and an assessment of the errors to be expected.