gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inverse Flash NanoPrecipitation for Biologics Encapsulation: Understanding Process Losses via an Extraction Protocol (2017)

Inverse Flash NanoPrecipitation (iFNP) is a scalable technique for encapsulating hydrophilic molecules such as peptides and proteins in nanoparticles at high loadings. These nanoparticles, which have a hydrophilic core and hydrophobic corona, may be incorporated directly into microparticles for sustained release applications. Use of iFNP instead of the traditional double emulsion process can enable higher loadings and encapsulation efficiencies. We have developed an extraction-based protocol to rapidly evaluate the impact of iFNP formulation parameters on process losses without the added complexity of producing microparticles. Among other parameters, the external osmotic pressure and, for larger biologics, the crosslinking density were found to impact the extraction process. Microparticles were subsequently produced with a target loading of 25% of a model biologic at greater than 90% encapsulation efficiency using these insights.
Effect of new O-superfamily conotoxin on voltage-activated currents of hippocampal neurons (2012)

The effects of a new O-superfamily conotoxin, SO3, on sodium current (INa), transient A-type potassium currents (IA),and delayed rectified potassium currents (IK), were examined in cultured rat hippocampal neurons using the whole-cell patch clamp technique. Addition of SO3 caused a concentration-dependent, rapidly developing, and reversible inhibition of voltage-activated currents. The IC50 values for the blockage of INa , IA, and IK were calculated as 0.49, 33.9, and 7.6 mmol/L, respectively. The determined Hill coefficients were 1.7, 0.6, and 1.2, respectively. These results indicate that SO3 can selectively inhibit neuronal sodium and potassium currents.
Catalytic mechanism of cytochrome P-450: evidence for a distal charge relay (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic mechanism of cytochrome P-450: evidence for a distal charge relayNancy C. Gerber and Stephen G. SligarCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 22, 8742–8743Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00048a081https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00048a081research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views392Altmetric-Citations147LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An efficient parts-based near-duplicate and sub-image retrieval system (2004)

We introduce a system for near-duplicate detection and sub-image retrieval. Such a system is useful for finding copyright violations and detecting forged images. We define near-duplicate as images altered with common transformations such as changing contrast, saturation, scaling, cropping, framing, etc. Our system builds a parts-based representation of images using <i>distinctive local descriptors</i> which give high quality matches even under severe transformations. To cope with the large number of features extracted from the images, we employ <i>locality-sensitive hashing</i> to index the local descriptors. This allows us to make approximate similarity queries that only examine a small fraction of the database. Although locality-sensitive hashing has excellent theoretical performance properties, a standard implementation would still be unacceptably slow for this application. We show that, by optimizing layout and access to the index data on disk, we can efficiently query indices containing millions of keypoints. Our system achieves near-perfect accuracy (100% precision at 99.85% recall) on the tests presented in Meng <i>et al.</i> [16], and consistently strong results on our own, significantly more challenging experiments. Query times are interactive even for collections of thousands of images.
Homology cobordisms of 3-manifolds, knot concordances, and prime knots (1981)

There is a close relation between link concordances and homology cobordisms of 3-manif olds. Using: this relationship we will prove that every closed, orientable 3-manif old is homology cobordant to an irreducible 3-manif old. Essentially the same construction will be used to prove that every knot in S B is concordant to a prime knot.
Focused named entity recognition using machine learning (2004)

In this paper we study the problem of finding most topical named entities among all entities in a document, which we refer to as focused named entity recognition. We show that these focused named entities are useful for many natural language processing applications, such as document summarization, search result ranking, and entity detection and tracking. We propose a statistical model for focused named entity recognition by converting it into a classification problem. We then study the impact of various linguistic features and compare a number of classification algorithms. From experiments on an annotated Chinese news corpus, we demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve near human-level accuracy.
Conditional T-Cell Activation for Tumor Under Hypoxia (2008)

Abstract Solid tumors are characterized by cell clusters experiencing chronic and intermittent hypoxia due to haphazard growth. Importantly, highly migratory tumorigenic stem cells are localized within hypoxic niches, shielded by hypoxia-induced metabolites that inhibit tumor-infiltrating T cells, restricting their survival, cytotoxicity, and beneficial immunomodulatory cytokine responses. To eliminate bulky solid tumors including stem cells, T cells must overcome physiological changes distinctive for the tumor microenvironment, such as hypoxia, depleted nutrient levels, and low extracellular pH. To exploit the hypoxic tumor microenivornment, we introduce a new approach that exploits hypoxia as a condition for T-cell activation. We demonstrate a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), which is specific for CD19 and capable of activating T cells through chimeric CD28 and/or CD3-zeta signaling endodomain, that can be conditionally expresed in a strictly oxygen-sensitive manner. Using the Sleeping Beauty transposon/transposase system, we can achieve stable, persistent CAR transgene expression without the expense and complexity of retroviral production. Cell surface expression of our CAR is high at 1% O and not detectable at 20% O (Figure). Anticipating the circulatory nature of T cells in vivo, our oxygen-sensitive CAR is designed to deactivate upon exiting from hypoxic tumor microenvironment to minimize deleterious off-target effects. When supplemented with one or more survival factors and/or homing receptors, this approach to CAR expression has the advantage of transforming hypoxia from an adverse factor to a triggering mechanism, efficiency, and high levels of transgene expression. Figure: Flow cytometry expression of CAR under normoxia and hypoxia. Figure:. Flow cytometry expression of CAR under normoxia and hypoxia.
Selective Isomerization of a Terminal Olefin Catalyzed by a Ruthenium Complex: The Synthesis of Indoles through Ring‐Closing Metathesis (2002)

A ruthenium complex, generated from the Grubbs carbene catalyst with vinyloxytrimethylsilane, catalyzed the isomerization of terminal alkenes RCH2CHCH2 to internal alkenes RCHCHCH3. Application of this olefin isomerization to 2-(N-allylamino)styrene gave the corresponding enamines, which were converted into indoles by a standard ring-closing metathesis, see scheme (Ts=tosyl).
Activity of Amphotericin B, 5-Fluorocytosine, and Rifampin Against Six Clinical Isolates of <i>Aspergillus</i> (1976)

Amphotericin B in combination with 5-fluorocytosine was synergistic against three clinical isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus and one of three clinical isolates of A. flavus. Amphotericin B in combination with rifampin was synergistic against all six clinical isolates of Aspergillus tested. The levels of 5-fluorocytosine and rifampin required for synergism were higher than clinically achievable concentrations when measurements of synergism were based on visual turbidity; but when the effects of the drugs were measured by inhibition of ribonucleic acid synthesis or dry-weight increase, much lower concentrations were effective.
The Role of Transforming Growth Factor &#946;1 in the Regulation of Blood Pressure (2015)

Although human association studies suggest a link between polymorphisms in the gene encoding transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 and differing blood pressure levels, a causative mechanism for this correlation remains elusive. Recently we have generated a series of mice with graded expression of TGFβ1, ranging from approximately 10% to 300% compared to normal. We have found that blood pressure and plasma volume are negatively regulated by TGFβ1. Of note, the 10% hypomorph exhibits primary aldosteronism and markedly impaired urinary excretion of water and electrolytes. We here review previous literature highlighting the importance of TGFβ signaling as a natriuretic system, which we postulate is a causative mechanism explaining how polymorphisms in TGFβ1 could influence blood pressure levels.
Design and Selection of Novel Cys<sub>2</sub>His<sub>2</sub> Zinc Finger Proteins (2001)

Cys2His2 zinc finger proteins offer a stable and versatile framework for the design of proteins that recognize desired target sites on double-stranded DNA. Individual fingers from these proteins have a simple beta beta alpha structure that folds around a central zinc ion, and tandem sets of fingers can contact neighboring subsites of 3-4 base pairs along the major groove of the DNA. Although there is no simple, general code for zinc finger-DNA recognition, selection strategies have been developed that allow these proteins to be targeted to almost any desired site on double-stranded DNA. The affinity and specificity of these new proteins can also be improved by linking more fingers together or by designing proteins that bind as dimers and thus recognize an extended site. These new proteins can then be modified by adding other domains--for activation or repression of transcription, for DNA cleavage, or for other activities. Such designer transcription factors and other new proteins will have important applications in biomedical research and in gene therapy.
Characterization of Latent Transforming Growth Factor‐β From Human Seminal Plasma (1995)

Human seminal plasma TGF-beta is biologically activated from high molecular weight latent TGF-beta by acid pH. The acidic environment of female lower genital tract could represent an in vivo physiological condition for activation of seminal plasma TGF-beta that may immunologically protect the integrity of sperm.
Near-field measurement of connected smart RFIC objects accounting for environmental uncertainties (2016)

In this paper, we present Near-Field measurement and analysis of radiated emissions from connected smart RFIC objects. Experimental results for the characterization of Near-Field couplings between smartphones in presence of noisy interferers (GPS device in operation) are discussed. Spectral and spatial responses of radiated emissions from coupled smartphones are extracted in TX (Transmit) and RX (Receive) modes with focus on WLAN, GSM, UMTS, LTE frequency bands. Designed diversity coupled Vivaldi antenna elements for UWB applications are used for assessing the sensitivity of Near-Field detection as function of input power levels ranging from +5dBm to -130dBm. Perspectives for using noise as carrier are envisaged.
EXPRESSIONS OF ACCURACY IN THE EVALUATION OF CARDIAC OUTPUT MONITORING DEVICES (1999)

Society of Critical Care Medicine; 28th Educational and Scientific Symposium; San Francisco, California, USA; January 23-27, 1999: Poster Presentations: Poster Hall
The effect of the floral repressor<i>FLC</i>on the timing and progression of vegetative phase change in<i>Arabidopsis</i> (2011)

Plants undergo two major post-embryonic developmental transitions--the juvenile-to-adult vegetative transition (vegetative phase change) and the adult-to-reproductive transition (flowering). In woody plants, these transitions can be separated by years, but in herbaceous species they are often very close together, making it difficult to differentiate the effects of vegetative phase change and floral induction on vegetative development. To distinguish between these factors, we have compared the vegetative morphology of plants highly expressing the floral repressor FLC (FRI;FLC) with plants mutant for this gene (FRI;flc-3) under both photoinductive (long day, LD and night interruption, NI) and non-photoinductive (short day, SD) conditions. We show that the onset of abaxial trichome production is insensitive to floral induction, but the distribution and overall number of abaxial trichomes, as well as several other leaf traits associated with vegetative change, are strongly influenced by flowering. Most of the major differences in leaf morphology between FRI;FLC and FRI;flc-3 plants grown in LD can be attributed to the early flowering phenotype of FRI;flc-3, because these differences are not apparent in plants grown in SD. These include differences in leaf size, hydathode number and the distribution of abaxial trichomes along the length of the leaf. Leaf shape and the total number of abaxial trichomes are affected by FLC independently of its effect on flowering. Our results demonstrate that the onset and the progression of vegetative phase change are regulated by different combinations of endogenous and environmental factors, and reveal a role for FLC in vegetative development.
Tissue transglutaminase TG2 and mitochondrial function and dysfunction (2017)

Mitochondria are the cell's power plant to satisfy the energy demands. However, dysfunctional mitochondria can cause overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress, and alteration of calcium homeostasis, which are the hallmarks of mitochondrial diseases. Under prolong oxidative stress, repeated cytosolic calcium elevations even only transiently, can lead to activation of some enzymes. One calcium-activated enzyme with demonstrated pathophysiological important in mitochondrial disease is tissue transglutaminase (TG2). TG2 is known as a post-translational modification (PTM) enzyme that is induced by oxidative stress. Compared to other types of PTMs, the physiological significance of TG2 mediated PTM is just beginning to be understood. Once activated, TG2 can modulate transcription, inactivate metabolic enzymes, and cause aggregation of critical proteins. Recent data indicate that TG2's activity not only can modulate the assembly of respiratory chain complexes but can also modulate the transcription of critical genes including PGC-1alpha and cytochrome C that are important for function and biogenesis of mitochondria. Here, we summarize dysfunctional mitochondria in diseases such as in neurodegenerative disorders can modulate TG2's activity and function. TG2 is also important for normal function of mitochondria.
Characterization of dextrin‐based hydrogels: Rheology, biocompatibility, and degradation (2009)

A new class of degradable dextrin-based hydrogels (dextrin-HEMA) was developed. The hydroxyethyl methacrylate ester (HEMA) hydroxyl groups were activated with N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), followed by their coupling to dextrin, yielding a derivatized material that can be polymerized in aqueous solution to form hydrogels. A comparative study of the stability of the dextrin-HEMA hydrogels and dextrin-vinyl acrylate (dextrin-VA, produced in previous work) revealed that only the firsts are effectively hydrolyzed under physiological conditions. A severe mass loss of dextrin-HEMA gels occurs over time, culminating in the complete dissolution of the gels. Rheologic analysis confirmed that physical structuring is less pronounced when dextrin is modified with methacrylate side groups. The biocompatibility results revealed that the dextrin hydrogels have negligible cell toxicity, irrespective of the hydrogel type (HEMA and VA), allowing cell adhesion and proliferation. Gathering the biocompatibility and the ability to tailor the release profiles, we consider dextrin a promising biomaterial for biomedical applications, namely for controlled release.
A comparison of methods for purification and concentration of norovirus GII-4 capsid virus-like particles (2010)

Noroviruses (NoVs) are one of the leading causes of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. NoV GII-4 VP1 protein was expressed in a recombinant baculovirus system using Sf9 insect cells. Several methods for purification and concentration of virus-like particles (VLPs) were evaluated. Electron microscopy (EM) and histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) binding assays showed that repeated sucrose gradient purification followed by ultrafiltration resulted in intact VLPs with excellent binding to H type 3 antigens. VLPs were stable for at least 12 months at 4°C, and up to 7 days at ambient temperature. These findings indicate that this method yielded stable and high-quality VLPs.
S100-mediated signal transduction in the nervous system and neurological diseases. (2005)

This article presents new information regarding the complement/level of S100 family members expressed in the brain and reviews the contribution of brain S100 family members to nervous system function and disease. A total of ten S100 family members are reported in the literature to be expressed in brain -S100A1, S100A2, S100A4, S100A5, S100A6, S100A10, S100A11, S100A13, S100B, and S100Z. Quantitative Northern blot analysis detected no S100A3, S100A8, S100A9 or S100A14 mRNA in mouse brain suggesting that these family members are not expressed in the brain. In addition, there was a 100-fold range in the mRNA levels for the six family members that were detected in mouse brain: S100A1/S100B levels were 5-fold higher than S100A6/S100A10 levels and 100-fold higher than S100A4/S100A13 levels. Five of these six family members (S1100A1, S100A6, S100A10, S100A13, and S100B) exhibited age-dependent increases in expression in adult mice that ranged from 5- to 20-fold. Although previous studies on S100 function in the nervous system have focused on S100B, other family members (S100A1, S100A3, S100A4, S100A5) have been implicated in neurological diseases. Like S100B, intra- and inter-cellular forms of these family members have been linked to cell growth, cell differentiation, and apoptotic pathways. Studies presented here demonstrate that ablation of S100A1 expression in PC12 cells results in increased resistance to Abeta peptide induced cell death, stabilization of intracellular [Ca2+] homeostasis, and reduced amyloid precursor protein expression. Altogether, these results confirm that S100-mediated signal transduction pathways play an important role in nervous system function/disease and implicate S100A1 in the neuronal cell dysfunction/death that occurs in Alzheimer's disease.
Birefringence and internal stress in polystyrene optical fibers (1994)

The radial variations of the birefringence of the core of polystyrene optical fibers have been observed and characterized. Variations are much more important on the edge than along the axis, and they introduce a positive radial gradient of the ordinary refractive index that essentially governs light propagation. To explain the existence of such a birefringence, the conditions of the cooling of fibers during their drawing have been simulated. The radial variations of the temperature between the axis and the edge may increase by 10° and, because of the fast variation of the viscosity of polymers in the neighborhood of their glass transition, an important molecular orientation may result in the regions in which this transition first ocurs during the drawing. Comparison is performed between the behavior of polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) core fibers.
Potential effect of metabolic acidosis on beta 2-microglobulin generation (1996)

Beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M) is responsible for dialysis-associated amyloidosis. Level of beta 2M in plasma increase during chronic renal failure; however, retention does not appear to be the sole mechanism responsible. The effect of metabolic acidosis on beta 2M production was examined. Thirty-six patients with stable chronic renal insufficiency, 12 uremic patients before their first dialysis, 8 hemodialysis patients who were assigned to acetate or bicarbonate dialysate and then crossed over to the alternative regimen, and 6 normal subjects given NH4Cl to initiate metabolic acidosis were studied. In vitro studies in the human myeloid cell line U 937 were also performed. beta 2M protein was measured with ELISA, beta 2M mRNA was measured with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and the U 937 cells were studied at two pH levels with FACScan flow cytometry. The cells were exposed in vitro up to 60 min in a buffered incubation medium to either pH 5.10 or pH 7.34. An inverse correlation was found between beta 2M and bicarbonate concentrations in plasma in the stable chronic renal failure patients (r = -0.54; P < 0.05) and in the uremic patients before their first dialysis (r = -0.72; P < 0.05). In hemodialysis patients, blood pH and plasma bicarbonate values were lower (P < 0.05) and beta 2M concentrations in plasma were higher (P < 0.05) with acetate than with bicarbonate dialysate. In normal men, NH4Cl resulted in an increase (P < 0.05) in beta 2M mRNA expression in lymphocytes by an average factor of 1.5 (range, 1.1 to 1.8). In U 937 cells, the cell surface expression of beta 2M and HLA Class I heavy chain assembled with beta 2M decreased at low pH compared with normal pH. Concomitantly, an increase in beta 2M release into the supernatant was observed, possibly as the result of beta 2M dissociation from cell surface HLA Class I complex. The results suggest that metabolic acidosis may enhance cellular beta 2M generation and release.
Inclusion... the dying dream (2004)

The author argues that the concept of inclusion/integration, though laudable in principle, is seen by many teachers today as a major administrative failure in Australian education. In this article ...