gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dense disparity map-based pedestrian detection for intelligent vehicle (2016)

In this paper, we propose the dense disparity map-based pedestrian detection method for intelligent vehicle. The dense disparity map is utilized to improve the pedestrian detection performance. Our method consists of several steps namely, obstacle area detection using road feature information and column detection, pedestrian area detection using dense disparity map-based segmentation, and pedestrian detection using optimal feature. The first step is to detect all obstacle areas using column detection and pedestrian height information. However, there are many objects in single obstacle area. Thus each obstacle area needs to be separated into single object for improving pedestrian detection performance. Thus, the second step is performed to segment the detected obstacle area. The last step is to detect only pedestrian using classifier trained by optimal feature. The optimal feature is extracted by positive and negative training images. ETH database is utilized to evaluate our proposed pedestrian detection method.
Insight into Metal–Organic Framework Reactivity: Chemical Water Oxidation Catalyzed by a [Ru(tpy)(dcbpy)(OH<sub>2</sub>)]<sup>2+</sup>‐Modified UiO‐67 (2017)

Investigation of chemical water oxidation was conducted on [Ru(tpy)(dcbpy)(OH<sub>2</sub> )]<sup>2+</sup> (tpy=2,2':6',2''-terpyridine, dcbpy=5,5'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine)-doped UiO-67 metal-organic framework (MOF). The MOF catalyst exhibited a single-site reaction pathway with kinetic behavior similar to that of a homogeneous Ru complex. The reaction was first order with respect to both the concentration of the Ru catalyst and ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN), with k<sub>cat</sub> =3(±2)×10<sup>-3</sup> m<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> in HNO<sub>3</sub> (pH 0.5). The common degradation pathways of ligand dissociation and dimerization were precluded by MOF incorporation, which led to sustained catalysis and greater reusability as opposed to the molecular catalyst in homogeneous solution. Lastly, at the same loading (ca. 97 nmol mg<sup>-1</sup> ), samples of different particle sizes generated the same amount of oxygen (ca. 100 nmol), indicative of in-MOF reactivity. The results suggest that the rate of redox-hopping charge transport is sufficient to promote chemistry throughout the MOF particulates.
Therapeutic possibilities of thymopoietin fragments (TP3 and TP4) based on experimental animal models. (1987)

The effects of thymic hormones are focused on the induction of T-cell subpopulations and restoration of the reactivity of an impaired immune system. TP3 and TP4 (corresponding to thymopoietin 32-34 and 32-35) exert a thymic hormone substitution effect. These peptides elicit dissimilar quantitative and qualitative effects. The aim of the present experiments was to investigate: (a) the effect of thymopoietin fragments in mice with unbalanced immune systems caused by experimental manipulation; and (b) the ratio of target cells after treatment. The distribution of Thy1, Lyt1, Lyt2 positivity was determined in a direct complement mediated cytotoxicity test. Autoantibody production was measured by Coombs' test. A count of Lewis Lung Tumour (LLT) metastases was made after two weeks of inoculation. Groups of mice were thymectomized and/or injected with cyclophosphamide (CY) (240 mg/kg) 96 h before tumour cell inoculation. The number of LLT metastases was decreased by treatment with peptides (TP3 = 72, TP4 = 97, TP5[thymopoietin 32-36] = 83.1 in %) and immunosuppression produced by CY was partly restored. After thymectomy, however, only TP3 treatment caused a decreasing effect (97.4%) on CY immunotoxicity independently of thymectomy. Inhibition of autoantibody production was detected with TP3 (5-6 weeks earlier than in mice treated with TP5). The ratio of Thy1+ and Lyt2+ cells was increased by treatment with TP3 and TP4, but the ratio of Lyt1+ cells was decreased by application of TP5. After TP3 treatment of nude mice the Lyt1+/Lyt2+ ratio increased both in bone marrow and spleen. No effect of TP4 was observed on Lyt 1+ cells, but the number of Lyt2+ increased in bone marrow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Parallel processing of finely grained tasks. Arbitrating synchronizer and parallel scheduler (2002)

A method of reducing overhead caused by the processor synchronization process and common memory access in finely grained tasks is described. The authors propose a hardware configuration to eliminate the synchronization time and a scheduler which minimizes the redundant accesses to shared memory. The proposed scheduler algorithm is processed in parallel. The processes share the common upper bound and the lower bound function which includes the preparation time for shared memory access. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme was confirmed by applying it to the computation of Newton-Euler equations for dynamic arm control, using a multiple digital signal processing system with four TMS320C25 processors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Polynucleotide phosphorylase hinders mRNA degradation upon ribosomal protein S1 overexpression in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2008)

The exoribonuclease polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase, encoded by pnp) is a major player in bacterial RNA decay. In Escherichia coli, PNPase expression is post-transcriptionally regulated at the level of mRNA stability. The primary transcript is very efficiently processed by the endonuclease RNase III at a specific site and the processed pnp mRNA is rapidly degraded in a PNPase-dependent manner. While investigating the PNPase autoregulation mechanism we found, by UV-cross-linking experiments, that the ribosomal protein S1 in crude extracts binds to the pnp-mRNA leader region. We assayed the potential role of S1 protein in pnp gene regulation by modulating S1 expression from depletion to overexpression. We found that S1 depletion led to a sharp decrease of the amount of pnp and other tested mRNAs, as detected by Northern blotting, whereas S1 overexpression caused a strong stabilization of pnp and the other transcripts. Surprisingly, mRNA stabilization depended on PNPase, as it was not observed in a pnp deletion strain. PNPase-dependent stabilization, however, was not detected by chemical decay assay of bulk mRNA. Overall, our data suggest that PNPase exonucleolytic activity may be modulated by the translation potential of the target mRNAs and that, upon ribosomal protein S1 overexpression, PNPase protects from degradation a set of full-length mRNAs. It thus appears that a single mRNA species may be differentially targeted to either decay or PNPase-dependent stabilization, thus preventing its depletion in conditions of fast turnover.
The Clinically-tested S1P Receptor Agonists, FTY720 and BAF312, Demonstrate Subtype-Specific Bradycardia (S1P1) and Hypertension (S1P3) in Rat (2012)

Sphingosine-1-phospate (S1P) and S1P receptor agonists elicit mechanism-based effects on cardiovascular function in vivo. Indeed, FTY720 (non-selective S1P(X) receptor agonist) produces modest hypertension in patients (2-3 mmHg in 1-yr trial) as well as acute bradycardia independent of changes in blood pressure. However, the precise receptor subtypes responsible is controversial, likely dependent upon the cardiovascular response in question (e.g. bradycardia, hypertension), and perhaps even species-dependent since functional differences in rodent, rabbit, and human have been suggested. Thus, we characterized the S1P receptor subtype specificity for each compound in vitro and, in vivo, the cardiovascular effects of FTY720 and the more selective S1P₁,₅ agonist, BAF312, were tested during acute i.v. infusion in anesthetized rats and after oral administration for 10 days in telemetry-instrumented conscious rats. Acute i.v. infusion of FTY720 (0.1, 0.3, 1.0 mg/kg/20 min) or BAF312 (0.5, 1.5, 5.0 mg/kg/20 min) elicited acute bradycardia in anesthetized rats demonstrating an S1P₁ mediated mechanism-of-action. However, while FTY720 (0.5, 1.5, 5.0 mg/kg/d) elicited dose-dependent hypertension after multiple days of oral administration in rat at clinically relevant plasma concentrations (24-hr mean blood pressure = 8.4, 12.8, 16.2 mmHg above baseline vs. 3 mmHg in vehicle controls), BAF312 (0.3, 3.0, 30.0 mg/kg/d) had no significant effect on blood pressure at any dose tested suggesting that hypertension produced by FTY720 is mediated S1P₃ receptors. In summary, in vitro selectivity results in combination with studies performed in anesthetized and conscious rats administered two clinically tested S1P agonists, FTY720 or BAF312, suggest that S1P₁ receptors mediate bradycardia while hypertension is mediated by S1P₃ receptor activation.
Lambda expressions and closures for C (2006)

This proposal describes a design for direct support for lambda expressions in C++. The design space for lambda expressions is large, and involves many tradeoffs. We include a thorough discussion of the benefits and the drawbacks of our design. In addition, we describe several other viable alternatives that warrant consideration.
Structure-activity relationships for the degradation of a mixture of organic chemicals in soil (1989)

The degradation rates of a mixture of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds (N = 16) were determined by monitoring the removal of parent chemicals from two different soil types, a Captina silt loam (Typic Fragiudult) and a McLaurin sandy loam (Typic Paleudults), over a 7-day period. The compounds were applied to the soil in a mixture such that the concentration of each individual chemical was 100 ..mu..g/g soil (dry weight). Soil samples, along with sterile (autoclaved) controls, were incubated in the dark at 20/degree/C in 8 /times/ 5-cm glass jars equipped with teflon-lined stoppers and charcoal traps. Samples were disassembled, extracted with methanol, and analyzed on days 0, 2, 3, 6, and 7 of the experiment. Linear regression analysis was used to model the disappearance of the compounds from the soils. First-order degradation rate constants and half-lives were calculated. half-lives for the 16 organic compounds were relatively short (<23 days). Correlations between physicochemical parameters and half-lives were poor (r less than or equal to 0.63) for the entire data set (N = 16), however, a group of structurally related benzene derivatives (N = 7) gave good correlations in both soil types with log/sub 10/ octanol-water partition coefficient (r greater than or equal to 0.89), log/sub 10/ molecular weight (r greater than or equal to 0.84), log/sub 10/ water solubility (r greater than or equal to 0.77), and molecular connectivity (r greater than or equal to 0.83). 81 refs., 3 figs., 13 tabs.
SYNTHESIS OF 4-PHENYLTHIAZOLE-2-METHANOL AND SOME OF ITS DERIVATIVES. VIII (1931)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSYNTHESIS OF 4-PHENYLTHIAZOLE-2-METHANOL AND SOME OF ITS DERIVATIVES. VIIIJohn F. Olin and Treat B. JohnsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1931, 53, 4, 1470–1473Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1931Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1931https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01355a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01355a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views143Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An approach towards surface imprinting using the enzyme ribonuclease A (1995)

An adsorbent showing enhanced selectivity for the enzyme RNase A was prepared by a surface imprinting procedure based on metal coordination. A metal chelating monomer, N-(4-vinyl)-benzyl iminodiacetic acid, was polymerized onto methacrylate-derivatized silica particles in the presence of RNase A and metal ions. Lysozyme and RNase A were separated on the adsorbent used as stationary phase in high-performance liquid chromatography.
Use of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry To Identify Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci and Investigate the Epidemiology of an Outbreak (2012)

The control of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) has become an increasing burden on health care resources since their discovery over 20 years ago. Current techniques employed for their detection include time-consuming and laborious phenotypic methods or molecular methods requiring costly equipment and consumables and highly trained staff. An accurate, rapid diagnostic test has the ability to greatly reduce the spread of this organism, which has the ability to colonize patients for long periods, potentially even lifelong. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a technology with the ability to identify organisms in seconds and has shown promise in the identification of other forms of antimicrobial resistance in other organisms. Here we show that MALDI-TOF MS is capable of rapidly and accurately identifying vanB-positive Enterococcus faecium VRE from susceptible isolates. Internal validation of the optimal model generated produced a sensitivity of 92.4% and a specificity of 85.2%. Prospective validation results, following incorporation into the routine laboratory work flow, demonstrated a greater sensitivity and specificity at 96.7% and 98.1%, respectively. In addition, the utilization of MALDI-TOF MS to determine the relatedness of isolates contributing to an outbreak is also demonstrated.
Integrated Services Digital Networks: From Concept to Application (1988)

An introduction to ISDN which brings the technology up-to-date, incorporating developments in ATM, SDH and Broadband ISDN. This book is suitable for self-learning communications professionals and applied courses in communications management and technology, and advanced undergraduates and graduates in computing and electronics.
Molecular Imaging of the Breast Using a Variable-Angle Slant-Hole Collimator (2014)

Purpose: The purpose of this work is to develop an improved method for 3D molecular imaging of the breast using limited angle SPECT. Methods: The proposed method uses a variable-angle slant-hole (VASH) collimator. Rather than rotate the camera around the breast, the VASH collimator allows limited angle, tomographic acquisition while the detector remains stationary and flush against the compression paddle. This design minimizes object-to-detector distance for high spatial resolution. Theoretical analysis is presented of VASH spatial resolution and sensitivity, including depth-of-interaction (DOI) effects and magnification. The theory is compared with Monte Carlo simulation results for a point source and breast phantom including a compression paddle. An iterative reconstruction method for the slant hole data is used. Results: The theoretical model of the VASH system showed good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations based on spatial resolution, including DOI effects, and sensitivity. For 140 keV photons and a NaI(Tl) scintillator, the DOI effect resulted in roughly a 2 mm loss in spatial resolution only in depth dimension; in the other two dimensions the spatial resolution was not affected by DOI. In reconstructed breast phantom images, VASH out-performed a parallel hole SPECT approach in terms of contrast-to-noise ratio. Conclusions: The proposed method for breast imaging using limited angle SPECT and a VASH collimator demonstrated the potential for superior spatial resolution/sensitivity. In addition to high spatial resolution/sensitivity, the system design has advantages of simple detector motion, ability to image close to the chest wall and conducive to on-board biopsy and multi-modal imaging with mammography.
Utilizing Human Blood Plasma for Proteomic Biomarker Discovery (2005)

Candidate proteomic biomarker discovery from human plasma holds both incredible clinical potential as well as significant challenges. The dynamic range of proteins within plasma is known to exceed 10(10), and many potential biomarkers are likely present at lower protein abundances. At present, proteomic based MS analyses provide a dynamic range typically not exceeding approximately 10(3) in a single spectrum, and approximately 10(4)-10(6) when combined with on-line separations (e.g., reversed-phase gradient liquid chromatography), and thus are generally insufficient for low level biomarker detection directly from human plasma. This limitation is providing an impetus for the development of experimental methodologies and strategies to increase the possible number of detections within this biofluid. Discussed is the diversity of available approaches currently used by our laboratory and others to utilize human plasma as a viable medium for biomarker discovery. Various separation, depletion, enrichment, and quantitative efforts as well as recent improvements in MS capabilities have resulted in measurable improvements in the detection and identification of lower abundance proteins (by approximately 10-10(2)). Despite these improvements, further advances are needed to provide a basis for discovery of candidate biomarkers at very low levels. Continued development of depletion and enrichment techniques, coupled with improved pre-MS separations (both at the protein and peptide level) holds promise in extending the dynamic range of proteomic analysis.
Computational Intelligence for Robust Control Algorithms of Complex Dynamic Systems with Minimum Entropy Production (1999)

Our thermodynamic approach to the study and design of robust optimal control processes in nonlinear (in general global unstable) dynamic systems used soft computing based on genetic algorithms with a fitness function as minimum entropy production. Control objects were nonlinear dynamic systems involving essentially nonlinear stochastic differential equations. An algorithm was developed for calculating entropy production rate in control object motion and in control systems. Part 1 discusses relation of the Lyapunov function (measure of stability) and the entropy production rate (physical measure of controllability). This relation was used to describe the following qualitative properties and important relations: dynamic stability motion (Lyapunov function), Lyapunov exponent and Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy, physical entropy production rates, and symmetries group representation in essentially nonlinear systems as coupled oscillator models. Results of computer simulation are presented for entropy-like dynamic behavior for typical benchmarks of dynamic systems such as Van der Pol, Duffing, and Holmes-Rand, and coupled oscillators. Parts 2 and 3 discuss the application of this approach to simulation of dynamic entropy-like behavior and optimal benchmark control as a 2-link manipulator in a robot for service use and nonlinear systems under stochastic excitation.
Association of the transferrin receptor in human placenta with HFE, the protein defective in hereditary hemochromatosis (1997)

Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a common autosomal recessive disease associated with loss of regulation of dietary iron absorption and excessive iron deposition in major organs of the body. Recently, a candidate gene for HH (also called HFE) was identified that encodes a novel MHC class I-like protein. Most patients with HH are homozygous for the same mutation in the HFE gene, resulting in a C282Y change in the HFE protein. Studies in cultured cells show that the C282Y mutation abrogates the binding of the recombinant HFE protein to beta2-microglobulin (beta2M) and disrupts its transport to the cell surface. The HFE protein was shown by immunohistochemistry to be expressed in certain epithelial cells throughout the human alimentary tract and to have a unique localization in the cryptal cells of small intestine, where signals to regulate iron absorption are received from the body. In the studies presented here, we demonstrate by immunohistochemistry that the HFE protein is expressed in human placenta in the apical plasma membrane of the syncytiotrophoblasts, where the transferrin-bound iron is normally transported to the fetus via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Western blot analyses show that the HFE protein is associated with beta2M in placental membranes. Unexpectedly, the transferrin receptor was also found to be associated with the HFE protein/beta2M complex. These studies place the normal HFE protein at the site of contact with the maternal circulation where its association with transferrin receptor raises the possibility that the HFE protein plays some role in determining maternal/fetal iron homeostasis. These findings also raise the question of whether mutations in the HFE gene can disrupt this association and thereby contribute to some forms of neonatal iron overload.
The Age Twist in Employment Rates, 2000-2004 (2005)

Most of us now know that this economic expansion has been alarmingly short of jobs. We may not have known that teenagers are paying the biggest price. The authors explain what has happened and offer some possible explanations.
Diversity and coding gain evolution in graph codes (2009)

This work is a first attempt to analyze and understand the coding gain of full-diversity (MDS) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. A diversity population evolution is derived. The steady-state distribution of energy coefficients is found. Based on this new analysis, we show new full-diversity LDPC codes with improved performance. Finally, we describe a family of graph codes where all variable nodes, including parity nodes, achieve full diversity after a large number of decoding iterations. Full-diversity MDS low-density codes are not only useful for digital data transmission over wireless channels, some other applications can be found in situations where coding for a finite number of states is required.
An Easy Entry into Berbane and Alloyohimbane Alkaloids via a 6-<i>exo</i> Radical Cyclization (2001)

[reaction: see text] The pharmacologically important tetracyclic berbane and pentacyclic alloyohimbane structures were prepared efficiently in four steps including a stereoselective 6-exo radical cyclization using xanthates as the radical source.
Effect of PCP on Bacterial Flora in Reductive-layer of Water-logged Soil (1981)

湛水土壌の還元層上部 (還元層表面から深さ5cmまで) の細菌相変動に及ぼすPCP散布の影響を, 各種の細菌数を計測することにより調査した.その結果, PCP散布による好気性細菌相に及ぼす影響が, この層位のPCP耐性菌やグラム陰性菌の変動によって, さらに明らかになった.すなわち, 1m2当たり2.67gのPCPを散布した常用量区では, 散布後1ヵ月目付近でグラム陰性と陽性のPCP耐性菌が優占し, その後PCPの消失に伴って細菌相は漸次復元することが推測された. 他方, 常用量区の100倍量を散布した高濃度区の細菌相は, 低濃度のPCPにしか耐えられない細菌の優占度は小さく, 高濃度のPCPに耐える細菌の優占度がやや大きいものに変化し, その状態が長期にわたって保持されるものと推測された.本実験の結果は, 1976年度に再度検討した結果とよく一致した.