gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MYCOPHENOLIC ACID-SODIUM (ERL080) PERMITS PROLONGED FUNCTION IN hDAF PIG-TO-PRIMATE RENAL XENOTRANSPLANATION (1999)

280 Inhibition of hyperacute rejection (HAR) and prolonged xenograft function have been demonstrated in a life-supporting, pig-to-primate model of renal xenotransplantation using porcine kidneys taken from donors transgenic for human Decay Accelerating Factor (hDAF). Effective long-term control of humorally mediated xenograft rejection in the setting of a clinically acceptable immunosuppressive regime remains a challenge. Here we demonstrate inhibition of HAR and prolonged, life-supporting function of transgenic porcine kidneys employing clinically applicable immunosuppression including ERL080, a sodium salt of mycophenolic acid (MPA). Eight cynomolgus monkeys underwent successful heterotopic renal transplants with splenectomy using porcine kidneys transgenic for hDAF. Immunosuppression consisted of induction with four doses of CyP, followed by maintenance immunosuppression with cyclosporin A (CyA), ERL080 (dissolved in methylcellulose), and a tapering course of corticosteroids. Survival in this group ranged from 2-51 days with a median of 29. One graft was hyperacutely rejected; however, the level of expression of the hDAF transgene was found to be low by comparison to other donors used in this model. Histopathology of the remaining grafts revealed evidence of acute vascular rejection (AVR) and 6 out of 7 demonstrated cellular xenograft rejection (CXR) in the form of tubulitis with CD8+ lymphocytic infiltrations. Three animals were also found to have signs of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease on post-mortem examination of the gut. This study demonstrates that the hDAF transgene in conjunction with clinically applicable maintenance immunosuppression including MPA-sodium (ERL080) facilitates prolonged, life-supporting function of porcine kidneys transplanted into splenectomized non-human primates. The results of this series are also consistent with other studies recently performed by our laboratory which, in the setting of enhanced survival of porcine xenografts, have documented evidence of CXR in the pig-to-primate combination.
A monolithic telephone subscriber loop interface circuit (1981)

An integrated circuit that interfaces a subscriber loop with the digital telephone exchange has been produced with conventional high-voltage IC technology. The monolithic SLIC controls DC loop current, converts signal transmission from two-wire to four-wire, and suppresses longitudinal induction. Bias control circuitry automatically reduces standby power when subscriber equipment is detected on-hook. High-voltage circuit techniques maintain performance when the supply voltage exceeds the n-p-n transistor BV/SUB CE0/, and circuit partitioning with two discrete transistors yields manageable junction temperature and an economical 102/spl times/112 mil die size.
The response of Escherichia coli to exposure to the biocide polyhexamethylene biguanide (2006)

The global response of Escherichia coli to the broad-spectrum biocide polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) was investigated using transcriptional profiling. The transcriptional analyses were validated by direct determination of the PHMB-tolerance phenotypes of derivatives of E. coli MG1655 carrying either insertionally inactivated genes and/or plasmids expressing the cognate open reading frames from a heterologous promoter in the corresponding chromosomally inactivated strains. The results showed that a wide range of genes was altered in transcriptional activity and that all of the corresponding knockout strains subsequently challenged with biocide were altered in tolerance. Of particular interest was the induction of the rhs genes and the implication of enzymes involved in the repair/binding of nucleic acids in the generation of tolerance, suggesting a novel dimension in the mechanism of action of PHMB based on its interaction with nucleic acids.
Quantitative Measurements of the Temperature-Dependent Microscopic and Macroscopic Dynamics of a Molecular Dopant in a Conjugated Polymer (2017)

Understanding the nature of dopant dynamics in the solid state is critical for improving the longevity and stability of organic electronic devices and for optimizing the doping-induced solubility control (DISC) patterning method. In this work, we use quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) and fluorescence quenching techniques to develop a comprehensive picture of both the microscopic and macroscopic dynamics of the soluble p-type molecular dopant tetrafluoromethyloxycarbonyltricyanoquinodimethane (F4MCTCNQ) in the conductive polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT). Specifically, fast dynamics (ps-ns) of the dopant, such as the methyl and the methoxycarbonyl group rotations, are observed in QENS experiments. From confocal fluorescence microscope experiments, longer-range/slower dopant diffusion (ms-days) is captured. However, in order to fit these data, it is necessary to incorporate a Langmuir isotherm equilibrium between the neutral and ionized dopant molecules. Ionized F4MCTCNQ is strongly favored by the equilibrium, but it diffuses 3 orders of magnitude slower than neutral species. Moreover, the macroscopic diffusion is found to depend mostly on the minority concentration of neutral dopant molecules in the film. Finally, the global diffusion coefficient of the monoester-substituted dopant F4MCTCNQ is shown to be more than an order of magnitude smaller than that of the widely used dopant F4TCNQ.
<i>p</i>‐Nitrobenzazide as a reagent for the identification of phenols (1939)

Abstract Thirty‐three crystalline p ‐nitrophenyl‐urethanes with distinctive physical properties were obtained by the condensation of p ‐nitrobenzazide with various types of phenols in boiling ligroin solution. In general, 20 to 50 mg of the reagent is sufficient to produce enough crystalline urethane for a correct melting point determination and a microscopic examination of the crystal form. p ‐Nitrobenzazide, therefore, can be used in place of p ‐nitrophenyl isocyanate in qualitative organic analysis.
Respiration‐correlated spiral CT: A method of measuring respiratory‐induced anatomic motion for radiation treatment planning (2002)

We describe a method for generating CT images at multiple respiratory phases with a single spiral CT scan, referred to as respiratory-correlated spiral CT (RCCT). RCCT relies on a respiration wave form supplied by an external patient monitor. During acquisition this wave form is recorded along with the initiation time of the CT scan, so as to "time stamp" each reconstructed slice with the phase of the respiratory cycle. By selecting the appropriate slices, a full CT image set is generated at several phases, typically 7-11 per cycle. The CT parameters are chosen to optimize the temporal resolution while minimizing the spatial gap between slices at successive respiratory cycles. Using a pitch of 0.5, a gantry rotation period of 1.5 s, and a 180 degrees reconstruction algorithm results in approximately 5 mm slice spacing at a given phase for typical respiration periods, and a respiratory motion within each slice that is acceptably small, particularly near end expiration or end inspiration where gated radiotherapy is to occur. We have performed validation measurements on a phantom with a moving sphere designed to simulate respiration-induced tumor motion. RCCT scans of the phantom at respiratory periods of 4, 5, and 6 s show good agreement of the sphere's motion with that observed under fluoroscopic imaging. The positional deviations in the sphere's centroid between RCCT and fluoroscopy are 1.1+/-0.9 mm in the transaxial direction (average over all scans at all phases +/-1 s.d.) and 1.2+/-1.0 mm in the longitudinal direction. Reconstructed volumes match those expected on the basis of stationary-phantom scans to within 5% in all cases. The surface distortions of the reconstructed sphere, as quantified by deviations from a mathematical reference sphere, are similar to those from a stationary phantom scan and are correlated with the speed of the phantom. A RCCT scan of the phantom undergoing irregular motion, demonstrates that successful reconstruction can be achieved even with irregular respiration. Limitations from x-ray tube heating in our current CT unit restrict the length of the scan region to 9 cm for the RCCT settings used, though this will not be a limitation for a multislice scanner. RCCT offers an alternative to the current method of respiration-triggered axial scans. Multiple phases of respiration are imaged with RCCT in approximately the same scanning time required to image a single phase with a triggered axial scan. RCCT scans can be used in connection with respiratory-gated treatment to identify the patient-specific phase of minimum tumor motion, determine residual tumor motion within the gate interval, and compare treatment plans at different phases.
An Improved Algorithm of Image Registration Based on Fast Robust Features (2011)

With the shortcomings of large data amount and long time consuming in the conventional image feature matching algorithms,a new algorithm based on SURF for image registration is presented in this paper.SURF is a new feature extraction algorithm which approximates or even outperforms other schemes with respect to distinctiveness,and robustness.And it is much faster than the other similar ones.It is fast computed based on the integral image and through the Fast-Hessian detector,the feature points are extracted.For each feature point,the dominant orientation is assigned by computing the Haar-wavelet responses,and then the descriptor is generated.Image matching is made based on the sign of the trace of the Hessian matrix and the ratios of the closest neighbor and the second closest neighbor,and an improved RANSAC technique is applied to eliminate outliers to ensure the effectiveness of the matched pairs.The experimental result shows that this algorithm can not only meet the requirement of accuracy,but also has a small data amount and fast speed for image registration.
[Update on drug allergies induced by antibiotics and anti-retroviral agents]. (2000)

Allergic reactions to antibiotics have raised considerable concerns, and are still underevaluated. It is a daily problem for general practitioners and allergologists. Their clinical manifestations are numerous, ranging from mild maculo-papular eruptions to sometimes deadly anaphylactic shocks or epidermal necrolisis. Atopy is not a risk factor, but concomitant viral infections, including Epstein-Barr virus and HIV infections are. HIV-infected patients indeed suffer more frequently from drug-induced hypersensitivity reactions than immunocompetent subjects or even non-HIV immunodeficient patients. We are lacking clinical and biological tools and the available ones still need to be validated. However, a precise diagnosis is required in order to set up prevention measures. In some cases, graded challenges (desensitization when an IgE mechanism is involved) is possible and efficacious (quinolones for cystic fibrosis, sulfonamides for HIV-infected patients).
4′‐modified nucleoside analogs: Potent inhibitors active against entecavir‐resistant hepatitis B virus (2015)

These data provide insights on the structural and functional associations of HBV- and HIV-1-RTs and show that CAdA may offer new therapeutic options for HBV patients.
Dynamic Estimation of Electrical Demand in Hot Rolling Mills (2016)

This paper proposes a method capable of reproducing the particular operating conditions of a hot strip mill and predicting the evolution of the main electrical variables from both the characteristics of the steel to be milled and the specific features of the rolling mill. The method analyzes the load torque and the motor-speed evolution in the stands of the roughing and finishing mill drives, according to the steel to be milled. In this study, three types of carbon alloy steel are considered, thus involving dissimilar hardness characteristics. The main stands of the mill, the power network, and the filter banks have been modeled. The relationship between the grade of steel and both the electrical demand and various power quality parameters is discussed. The results can be used as a part of an expert system for the automatic estimation of the electrical demand in a hot rolling mill.
Anaphylatoxin release in association with methylmethacrylate fixation of hip prostheses. (1987)

In a prospective study, thirty patients in whom a Charnley hip prosthesis was implanted with cement (methylmethacrylate) and fifteen who received a prosthesis without cement were studied. The activation of complement, as indicated by the release of anaphylatoxins (C3a and C5a), reduced activity of whole complement, and decreased levels of C3, C4, and C5 in plasma, was evaluated. Activation of complement was found when methylmethacrylate was used. In patients in whom components were fixed without cement, no formation of anaphylatoxins occurred, and only slightly reduced whole-complement activity and concentrations of C3, C4, and C5 in plasma were found. A dose-correlated release of the anaphylatoxins was found when monomethylmethacrylate was incubated in fresh serum. One explanation for the hemodynamic instability in these patients might be the biological effects of anaphylatoxins that are released in association with fixation by cement.
LogBase (2012)

Numerous applications such as financial transactions (e.g., stock trading) are write-heavy in nature. The shift from reads to writes in web applications has also been accelerating in recent years. Write-ahead-logging is a common approach for providing recovery capability while improving performance in most storage systems. However, the separation of log and application data incurs write overheads observed in write-heavy environments and hence adversely affects the write throughput and recovery time in the system. In this paper, we introduce LogBase -- a scalable log-structured database system that adopts log-only storage for removing the write bottleneck and supporting fast system recovery. It is designed to be dynamically deployed on commodity clusters to take advantage of elastic scaling property of cloud environments. LogBase provides in-memory multiversion indexes for supporting efficient access to data maintained in the log. LogBase also supports transactions that bundle read and write operations spanning across multiple records. We implemented the proposed system and compared it with HBase and a disk-based log-structured record-oriented system modeled after RAMCloud. The experimental results show that LogBase is able to provide sustained write throughput, efficient data access out of the cache, and effective system recovery.
Bootstrapped Named Entity Recognition for Product Attribute Extraction (2011)

We present a named entity recognition (NER) system for extracting product attributes and values from listing titles. Information extraction from short listing titles present a unique challenge, with the lack of informative context and grammatical structure. In this work, we combine supervised NER with bootstrapping to expand the seed list, and output normalized results. Focusing on listings from eBay’s clothing and shoes categories, our bootstrapped NER system is able to identify new brands corresponding to spelling variants and typographical errors of the known brands, as well as identifying novel brands. Among the top 300 new brands predicted, our system achieves 90.33 % precision. To output normalized attribute values, we explore several string comparison algorithms and found n-gram substring matching to work well in practice. 1
Rapid Detection of <i>mecA</i> -Positive and <i>mecA</i> -Negative Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci by an Anti-Penicillin Binding Protein 2a Slide Latex Agglutination Test (2000)

A rapid slide latex agglutination (LA) test, MRSA-Screen (Denka Seiken Co., Niigata, Japan), which detects PBP 2a, was tested for its ability to differentiate between mecA-positive and -negative coagulase-negative staphylococci. A total of 463 isolates from 13 species were included in the study. The mecA gene was detected by PCR, and the oxacillin MIC was determined by the agar dilution method according to the guidelines of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). The LA test was performed with oxacillin-induced isolates. The true-positive and true-negative results were defined on the basis of the presence or the absence of the mecA gene. By PCR, 251 isolates were mecA positive and 212 were mecA negative. The sensitivities, specificities, and positive and negative predictive values for the LA test compared to the NCCLS breakpoint for oxacillin resistance (>/=0.5 mg/liter) were as follows: for the LA test, 100, 99.5, 99.6, and 100%, respectively; for the NCCLS breakpoint, 100, 60.8, 75.1, and 100%, respectively. One hundred twenty-five mecA-positive isolates were also tested by the LA test without induction of PBP 2a; only 72 (57.6%) gave a positive result and required 3 to 15 min for reaction. With induction, all 251 isolates were positive within 3 min. The LA test was reliable in classifying mecA-negative isolates, but it classified isolates for which the oxacillin MIC was >/=0.5 mg/liter as oxacillin susceptible. For the reliable detection of oxacillin resistance by the MRSA-Screen in coagulase-negative staphylococci, induction of the mecA gene appears to be necessary.
Two-level hierarchical register file organization for VLIW processors (2000)

High-performance microprocessors are currently designed to exploit the inherent instruction level parallelism (ILP) available in most applications. The techniques used in their design and the aggressive scheduling techniques used to exploit this ILP tend to increase the register requirements of the loops. If more registers than those available in the architecture are required, some actions (such as spill code insertion) have to be applied to reduce this pressure, at the expense of some performance degradation. This degradation could be avoided if a high-capacity register file were included without causing a negative impact on the cycle time of the processor.
Adaptive data sensing rate in ad-hoc sensor networks for autonomous transport application (2010)

A novel algorithm for adaptive control of the data sensing rate in wireless ad-hoc sensor networks (WSN) is presented. The WSN is applied to monitor the environmental parameters e.g. temperature and humidity, inside containers for the food transportation. Using the proposed algorithm, each sensor node can control its sensing intervals according to the surrounding environmental conditions. The data sink receives only the required information from data sources, so that the process of data fusion could be optimized by minimizing the overall data transmissions in WSN. In order to approximate the development trend of the environment, a neural network algorithm is used due to its learning capability and flexibility. The algorithm of adaptive sensing rate is tested in a simulation environment and implemented in a refrigerator truck for a food transport purpose. Both the simulation and implementation results show that the algorithm can autonomously concentrate on the problematic situation and efficiently reduce the redundant data measurements.
Anomaly detection of access patterns in database (2015)

Data security has a critical role in the larger context of information and system security. In this paper, we propose the anomaly detection system for securing database. Our approach is based on analyzing the user's access pattern stored in database log and detecting the anomalous access event. We consider three methods for this, user pattern analysis, machine learning analysis, and rule-based access control. Our experimental evaluation on both real and virtual database shows that our approaches work well.
The epidemiology and genetics of endogenous uveitis: a review (1992)

Epidemiology is frequently neglected in the study of uveitis. Little is known on the incidence and prevalence of this disease. This review presents data on the subject from the literature and from the uveitis clinic at Rotterdam. The distribution of uveitis varies in different parts of the world and these differences might be attributed to geographic, alimentary or genetic factors. The discovery of associations of certain types of uveitis and HLA antigen subclasses provided at least part of an explanation for racial and genetic factors. These associations are dealt with in more detail.
Alcohol and tobacco use, and cancer risk for upper aerodigestive tract and liver (2008)

This study reviews the association between alcohol, tobacco, and the risk of cancers of the upper digestive and respiratory tract (i.e. oral cavity and pharynx, larynx, and esophagus) and liver. Alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking are the major risk factors for upper aerodigestive tract cancers, accounting for a large proportion (i.e. about three-quarters) of cases in developed countries. Consumption amount is the strongest alcohol-related determinant of risk, whereas the pattern of alcohol-related risk with duration is inconsistent. Both dose and duration of smoking have important effects on the risk of upper aerodigestive tract cancers. The combined exposure to alcohol and tobacco has a multiplicative effect on carcinogenesis of this tract. Alcohol and tobacco consumption are also causally related to liver cancer, although the associations are moderate and a lower fraction of neoplasms is attributable to these factors as compared with cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract. An interaction between alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking has been reported, but the issue is not adequately assessed.
Cross-layer optimization for wireless multihop networks with pairwise intersession network coding (2009)

For wireless multi-hop networks with unicast sessions, most coding opportunities involve only two or three sessions as coding across many sessions requires greater transmission power to broadcast the coded symbol to many receivers, which enhances interference. This work shows that with a new flow-based characterization of pairwise intersession network coding (coding across two unicast sessions), an optimal joint coding, scheduling, and rate-control scheme can be devised and implemented using only the binary XOR operation. The new scheduling/rate-control scheme demonstrates provably graceful throughput degradation with imperfect scheduling, which facilitates the design tradeoff between the throughput optimality and computational complexity of different scheduling schemes. Our results show that pairwise intersession network coding improves the throughput of non-coding solutions regardless of whether perfect/imperfect scheduling is used. Both the deterministic and stochastic packet arrivals and departures are considered. This work shows a striking resemblance between pairwise intersession network coding and non-coded solutions, and thus advocates extensions of non-coding wisdoms to their network coding counterpart.
A time-interleaved ADC multiplexed by a blue-noise randomization method (2005)

In this paper, we propose a method to implement the randomization selection sequence in a time-interleaved (TI) ADC system. The proposed randomization sequence generator is one with blue noise spectral characteristics (high-frequency noise). This selection method guarantees that each individual channel would be selected with the lowest possible rate in order to maintain low speed requirements while still maintaining the random nature so as to effectively spread the harmonic distortions created by channel offset and gain mismatch. The blue-noise channel selection is achieved through the use of an all-digital ZA modulator. Additionally, a randomized TI ADC system employing blue-noise choppers at the input and output is proposed. This structure reduces the effects of 1/f noise and average channel offset on the TI ADC system. The proposed blue-noise randomized TI ADC with blue-noise choppers demonstrates through simulations an improvement in SFDR of up to 17 dB over traditional periodic TI ADCs and 13 dB with respect to other randomized TI ADCs