gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nasal Epithelial Cells as Surrogates for Bronchial Epithelial Cells in Airway Inflammation Studies (2008)

The nose is an attractive source of airway epithelial cells, particularly in populations in which bronchoscopy may not be possible. However, substituting nasal cells for bronchial epithelial cells in the study of airway inflammation depends upon comparability of responses, and evidence for this is lacking. Our objective was to determine whether nasal epithelial cell inflammatory mediator release and receptor expression reflect those of bronchial epithelial cells. Paired cultures of undifferentiated nasal and bronchial epithelial cells were obtained from brushings from 35 subjects, including 5 children. Cells were subject to morphologic and immunocytochemical assessment. Mediator release from resting and cytokine-stimulated cell monolayers was determined, as was cell surface receptor expression. Nasal and bronchial cells had identical epithelial morphology and uniform expression of cytokeratin 19. There were no differences in constitutive expression of CD44, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, alphavbeta3, and alphavbeta5. Despite significantly higher constitutive release of IL-8, IL-6, RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 from nasal compared with bronchial cells, the increments in release of all studied mediators in response to stimulation with IL-1beta and TNF-alpha were similar, and there were significant positive correlations between nasal and bronchial cell secretion of IL-6, RANTES, vascular endothelial growth factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, MMP-9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1. Despite differences in absolute mediator levels, the responses of nasal and bronchial epithelial cells to cytokine stimulation were similar, expression of relevant surface receptors was comparable, and there were significant correlations between nasal and bronchial cell mediator release. Therefore, nasal epithelial cultures constitute an accessible surrogate for studying lower airway inflammation.
Anthropometric Profile of Rural Preschool Children Belonging to Different Agroclimatic Regions of Punjab (2009)

The anthropometric measurements of 150 rural preschool children (1-3 years) belonging to different agro-climatic regions of Punjab i.e. sub-mountain (RI), central plains (RII) and southern western (RIII) were analyzed. The inter-regional analysis showed that boys and girls of RII in the age group of 1.0-1.5 years were significantly (p≤0.01) shorter and lighter than their counterparts of RI and RII. The mean height of rural preschool children belonging to different regions of Punjab were comparable with international (≥95% of NCHS) and national (≥98% of ICMR) standards. The analysis depicted that the weight of boys belonging to all regions in the age groups from 1.5-3.0 years were lower than those of NCHS standards whereas the weight of girls of only RIII were lower in all the age groups. On the whole, the weight of boys and girls of Punjab state, only in the age group of 1.0-1.5 years were comparable with those of NCHS standards. The comparison of mean body weight of boys and girls with ICMR standards showed that in RI and RII, all age groups (excluding boys of 1.5-2.0 years) and in RIII boys of 2.0-3.0 years and girls of 1.0-2.5 years had either higher or comparable weight. On the whole weight of boys and girls of Punjab state in all the age groups were comparable with those of ICMR standards except of boys in the age group of 1.5-2.0 years. The analysis further revealed that height and weight of rural preschool children belonging to different regions of Punjab were more than 100 per cent of average Indian and Punjabi children.
Methylprednisolone and Multiple Sclerosis (1988)

The application of imaging methods in assessing disease activity in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is beginning to influence strategies for treatment. Meanwhile, most clinicians treat patients with severe disability symptomatically, reserving experimental therapies aimed at modifying the long-term course for those in whom disability is accumulating and leaving mild cases untreated. Although corticosteroids have an established role in the treatment of MS in relapse, it is not clear how the balance between beneficial and adverse effects can best be achieved. Enthusiasts now claim that high-dose intravenously administered methylprednisolone is more effective, less complicated, benefits a wider range of patients, and has more than just an anti-inflammatory effect on the disease process; many clinicians are now switching to this regimen as the preferred means of administering corticosteroids to patients with MS. Following the initial report of clinical improvement in five of seven patients with acute demyelination, 1 open comparisons showed
Novel Synthesis of N‐Aroylaminated Pyridones via Reaction of Ketene Dithioacetals with Cyanoaceto‐N‐aroylhydrazides. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An improved understanding of efficiency limiting defects in polycrystalline CdTe/CdS solar cells (2002)

Efficiency-limiting mechanisms associated with CdS substrates, CdCl/sub 2/ treated CdTe films, and Cu/Au contacts were investigated. It was found that thermal treatment prior to CdTe deposition removed the oxygen-related defects from the CdS films. However, it also created nonuniform and Cd deficient CdS surface, resulting in an optimum temperature of 450 degrees C. Growth of CdTe films on the CdS under Te-rich conditions enhanced the interdiffusion between CdTe and CdS and reduced the CdTe bandgap to 1.47 eV, whereas growth of CdTe films under Cd-rich conditions retained the CdTe bandgap at 1.5 eV by reducing the interdiffusion. It was found that use of thinner CdS (1000 AA instead of 2000 AA) films increased the cell efficiency from 9.7% to 10.3% by increasing the J/sub SC/ from 22.4 to 24.19 mA/cm/sup 2/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Formation of Tin-Lead Alloy Film by Electroless Plating. (1994)

to baths were effective in forming thick tin-lead alloy films.
Characterization and expression profiling of microRNAs in response to plant feeding in two host-plant strains of the lepidopteran pest Spodoptera frugiperda (2018)

In the current study, we performed the first systematic analysis of miRNAs in Lepidopteran pests feeding on host-plants. We identified a set of the differentially expressed miRNAs that respond to the plant diet, or differ constitutively between the two host plant strains. Among the latter, the ones that are also deregulated in response to host-plant are molecular candidates underlying a complex adaptive trait.
Predicting drug interactions using cultured human hepatocytes (1991)

In previous papers we demonstrated that cyclosporin A (CsA) was specifically oxidized in rabbit and human liver by cytochrome P-450IIIA. We therefore anticipated that any drug that is an inducer or an inhibitor of this cytochrome should lead to interaction with CsA when given in association with it. In order to confirm this hypothesis, primary cultures of human hepatocytes and human liver microsomes were used to “reproduce” in vitro clinically significant interactions observed between CsA and drugs known either as specific inducers (i.e., rifampicin) or as specific inhibitors (i.e., erythromycin) of P-450IIIA. Our results were in close agreement with the clinical reports. Human hepatocytes maintained in primary cultures for 72 hr in the presence of 50 μM rifampicin exhibited increased levels of P-450IIIA, determined by Western blot using specific antibodies, and concomitant increase in CsA oxidase activity, determined by HPLC analysis of extra and intracellular media. Conversely, these cultures exhibited erythromycin concentrationdependent decreases in CsA oxidase activity when incubated in the presence of 5, 20, and 100 μM erythromycin. In addition, a Lineweaver-Burk analysis of the erythromycin-mediated inhibition of CsA oxidase activity in human liver microsomes revealed competitive inhibition (with Ki of 75 μM) as expected, this macrolide being a specific substrate of P-450IIIA. Using this experimental approach, 59 molecules representative of 17 different therapeutic classes were screened for inducers and inhibitors of CsA oxidase activity. Our results allowed us to elucidate the molecular mechanism of previously observed, but unexplained, drug interactions involving CsA, and to detect drugs that should interfere with CsA metabolism as inducers or inhibitors. Drugs detected as potential inducers of CsA oxidase included: rifampicin, sulfadimidine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, phenylbutazone, dexamethasone, sulfinpyrazone, and carbamazepine. Drugs detected as potential competitive inhibitors included: triacetyloleandomycin, erythromycin, josamycin, midecamycin, ketoconazole, miconazole, midazolam, nifedipin, diltiazem, verapamil, nicardipine, ergotamine, dihydroergotamine, glibenclamide, bromocryptine, ethynylestradiol, progesterone, cortisol, prednisone, prednisolone, and methylprednisolone. Finally cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, isoniazide, doxycycline, spiramycin, sulfamethoxazole, norfloxacin, pefloxacin, vancocin, trimethoprime, amphotericine B, valproic acid, quinidine, cimetidine, ranitidine, omeprazole, diclofenac, aspirin, paracetamol, debrisoquine, guanoxan, captopril, furosemide, acetazolamide, sparteine, gliclazide, and imipramine were found not to interfere with the hepatic metabolism of CsA.
Suppression of Acetaldehyde Accumulation by 4-Methylpyrazole in Alcohol-Hypersensitive Japanese (1985)

Alcohol-sensitive Japanese subjects with facial flushing and an increase in heart rate during ethanol intoxication exhibited marked individual variation in accumulation of acetaldehyde. This variation correlated well with the intensity of the above mentioned physiological responses. Oral pretreatment with 10 mg/kg 4-methylpyrazole, which inhibited the ethanol elimination rate by 15-25%, strongly suppressed both acetaldehyde accumulation and the associated responses. Under this condition, the sensitivity to acetaldehyde appeared to be reduced, and the correlation between the acetaldehyde level and the physiological responses disappeared. The effectiveness of even a low dose of 4-methylpyrazole suggests its clinical usefulness for alleviation of acute acetaldehyde toxicity in alcohol-hypersensitive Japanese individuals as well as in disulfiram-treated alcoholics.
GaN-HEMTs Cascode Switch: Fabrication and Demonstration on Power Conditioning Applications (2015)

A novel metal TO-257 4-pin package is proposed for the packaging of a D-mode GaN MIS-HEMTs cascoded with an integrated power MOSFET and a Schottky diode device, and demonstrated in power conversion applications. The normally-off hybrid cascode circuit provides a maximum drain current of 14.6 A and a blocking capability of 600 V. The cascode configuration has a +3.9 V gate threshold, sufficient voltage swing, good controllability of commonly available gate drivers. Analysis of 48 V/ 2 A power conversion characteristics are discussed and show the excellent switching performance in inductive load circuits. Switching characteristics of the integral SiC SBD are also demonstrated. Finally, a 48-to-96 V boost converter is used to evaluate the benefit of GaN cascode switches. Experimental results show an output power of 94.8 W and a power efficiency of 95.37 % under a switching frequency of 100 kHz, which is higher than the 92.03% power efficiency provided by the conventional Si MOSFET with the same switching operation.
Monitoring, simulation, and control (1996)

These conference proceedings examine how the development of experimental and computational techniques can be used as a tool for the solution and understanding of practical air pollution problems. It is then possible to evaluate proposed emission control techniques and strategies.
Optimal bit allocation via the generalized BFOS algorithm (1991)

P.H. Westerink et al. (1988) developed an optimal bit allocation algorithm that is simplified when all operational distortion-rate functions (which are referred to as quantizer functions) are convex. This algorithm is restated using the generalized Breiman, Friedman, Olshen, and Stone (BFOS) algorithm (a recently developed technique for variable rate vector quantizer design) for both cases of convex and nonconvex quantizer functions (QFs), and its complexity is analyzed. The use of the generalized BFOS algorithm for optimal bit allocation is analysed. It is shown that if each source has a convex quantizer function then the complexity of the algorithm is low.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Facile synthesis of novel hierarchical graphene–Bi2O2CO3 composites with enhanced photocatalytic performance under visible light (2012)

A facile template-free hydrothermal approach is developed to synthesize hierarchical flower-like graphene-Bi(2)O(2)CO(3) microcomposites. The as-prepared samples were systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, N(2) adsorption-desorption and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared samples was evaluated towards degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light. Compared to hierarchical Bi(2)O(2)CO(3), hierarchical flower-like graphene-Bi(2)O(2)CO(3) microcomposites show enhanced photocatalytic activity. In addition, our results indicate that both the physico-chemical properties and associated photocatalytic activity of graphene-Bi(2)O(2)CO(3) composites are shown to be dependent on graphene loadings. The highest photocatalytic performance can be achieved for the graphene-Bi(2)O(2)CO(3) microcomposites with 1.0 wt% graphene. The underlying mechanism responsible for the formation of graphene-Bi(2)O(2)CO(3) composites and enhanced photoreactivity was discussed. Results from this study illustrate an entirely new approach to fabricate semiconductor composites containing graphene-bismuth with high visible-responsive photocatalytic performance.
Adrenomedullin Receptor Antagonism by Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide(8-37) Inhibits Carotid Artery Neointimal Hyperplasia After Balloon Injury (1999)

Intimal injury by angioplasty results in a series of changes, including smooth muscle cell hyperplasia, that lead to vascular restenosis. Adrenomedullin, a potent vasodilator peptide, has natriuretic effects, and its plasma concentration is elevated in cardiovascular diseases. Adrenomedullin is secreted by endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, but its role in neointimal hyperplasia after balloon injury has not been previously described. We investigated the role of endogenous adrenomedullin in neointimal hyperplasia using an in vivo rat model of postinjury vascular restenosis. In the injured rats, bromodeoxyuridine-labeled nuclei in the media of untreated common carotid arteries were increased 2 days after injury, which were suppressed by in vivo treatment with the adrenomedullin receptor antagonist calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)(8-37). Inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia by CGRP(8-37) was distinct at 7 and 14 days, whereas CGRP(1-37) had no effect. The expression of adrenomedullin in the media of both untreated and treated common carotid arteries was elevated at 2 days and further enhanced in hyperplastic intima of untreated common carotid arteries at 7 days. Our findings suggest a novel role for endogenous adrenomedullin in balloon injury-induced restenosis and indicate that CGRP(8-37) may be useful for the prevention of vascular restenosis.
Optical anomalies and residual stresses in basal-plane-faceted ribbons of Stepanov-grown sapphire crystals (2007)

The effects of an anomalous biaxiality and a residual-stress field in basal-plane-faceted single-crystal sapphire ribbons were studied by an optical polarization method using a conoscopic light beam. Formulas that relate the difference between the principal stresses to the angle of optical-axis divergence are obtained. It is shown that the central regions of the ribbons undergo compressive stresses whereas their edges undergo tensile stresses. As compared to block-free ribbons, the stresses in block-containing ribbons increase more intensely with distance from the seed.
Proteolytic Enzymes of Mast Cell Granules Degrade Low Density Lipoproteins and Promote Their Granule-mediated Uptake by Macrophages in Vitro (1989)

Secretory granules exocytosed from rat serosal mast cells bind low density lipoprotein (LDL), and on being phagocytosed by macrophages, carry the bound LDL into these cells (Kokkonen, J. O., and Kovanen, P. T. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84, 2287-2291). The binding of LDL to the granules is mediated through interactions between the apolipoprotein B (apoB) component of LDL and the heparin proteoglycan component of the granules. Here we report how degradation of apoB by the neutral proteases of the granules affects the granule-mediated uptake of LDL by cultured mouse macrophages. During incubation of LDL with proteolytically inactive granules, the rate of uptake of LDL by macrophages increased by 10-fold; whereas during incubation with proteolytically active granules, it increased by 50-fold, the increase in the rate of uptake during proteolysis correlating with the degree of apoB degradation. The 5-fold greater capacity of the proteolytically active granules to enhance the uptake of LDL resulted from their greater capacity to bind LDL, and consequently, to carry it into the macrophages. Electron microscopic analysis of LDL bound to the proteolytically active granules disclosed large spherical particles of fused LDL. The diameters of the granule-bound particles ranged up to 90 nm compared with an average diameter of 22 nm for both native LDL and the LDL bound to proteolytically inactive granules. The results show that granule proteases, by inducing fusion of granule-bound LDL, increase the amount of LDL bound per unit weight of granule heparin proteoglycan. Hence, the two components of mast cell granules, the proteases and the heparin proteoglycan, act in concert to promote the uptake of LDL by macrophages in vitro.
Reactivation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 expression in glioblastoma multiforme: a revelation by parallel gene expression profiling. (1999)

We carried out a gene expression profiling study using cDNA array technology with 24 primary glioma tissues of low-grade (oligodendroglioma), intermediate-grade (anaplastic oligodendroglioma and anaplastic astrocytoma), and high-grade (glioblastomas multiforme) tumors and found that insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) was consistently overexpressed only in glioblastoma multiforme. The cDNA array results were confirmed by Northern and Western blotting. The fact that the IGFBP2 gene, which is normally expressed in fetal cells and turned off in adult cells, becomes reactivated in the most advanced stage of glioma suggests that glioma progression is a result of dedifferentiation or results from a block of differentiation. Identification of IGFBP2 as a gene associated with glioma progression demonstrates the power and utility of high-throughput gene expression profiling in cancer gene discovery.
Dendritic Cell Culture: A Simple Closed Culture System Using Ficoll, Monocytes, and a Table-Top Centrifuge (2003)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells involved in the induction of T cell-mediated immune responses and as such have emerged as important candidates for cellular-based therapies. Critical to safe clinical use is the easy manipulation of DCs and their precursors in a closed system. We have developed a serum-free, closed culture system applying a simple wash-Ficoll centrifugation method to reduce platelet and red blood cell (RBC) contamination. This procedure optimized adherence of monocytes (44 +/- 10.9% recovery, >85% expressed CD14(+)/CD163(+)) for the generation of DCs from mononuclear cell (MNC) apheresis units. Most RBCs and up to 98% of platelets were removed. Following density sedimentation, cell viability remained high (98 +/- 2%) with only minimal loss of monocytes (3 +/- 3%). Importantly, Ficoll-treated monocytes retained their ability to differentiate to mature DCs demonstrated by morphology, phenotype (MHC class II(+), CD1a(+), CD80(+), CD86(+), and CD83(+)), ability to stimulate mixed lymphocyte responses (MLR), present antigen, and produce interleukin-12 (IL-12). Nonadherent CD3(+) (80 +/- 4%) were also isolated for functional assays. Ficoll can be easily incorporated into a simple adherence-based closed system for collection of lymphocytes and adherent monocytes for DC culture. The procedure is relatively fast (effective working time 5-6 h), does not impair monocyte function or induce substantial cell activation, and can be performed economically using equipment found in a typical blood banking environment.
Effects of Growth Hormone on Exercise Capacity and Cardiopulmonary Performance in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure (2007)

Given the predictive value of physical exercise capacity and cardiopulmonary performance in CHF progression, these data provide additional insights into the mechanisms by which GH may potentially benefit CHF patients.
<i>In</i> <i>situ</i> stress measurement of chemical vapor deposited tungsten silicides (1991)

Peeling is a serious problem in chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten silicide (WSix). In situ stress measurement during annealing is performed for sputtered and CVD WSix films at temperatures of 25–900 °C. In monosilane reduced CVD WSix, intrinsic stress increases abruptly at 400 °C and reaches a maximum of 7.8×108 Pa at 450 °C. However, such abrupt stress changes are not found at low temperatures in sputtered and dichlorosilane reduced CVD films. Abrupt stress change appeared in monosilane WSix at 400–450 °C, which is a cause of peeling during annealing, may be due to the grain growth of hexagonal and tetragonal WSi2 grains.
Fabrication and characterization of silicon naphthalocyanine/fullerene-based photovoltaic devices with inverted structures (2015)

Fullerene-based photovoltaic devices with an inverted structure containing silicon 2,3-naphthalocyanine bis(trihexylsilyloxide) (SiNc) were fabricated and characterized. SiNc worked as a donor material, and showed optical absorption at ~800 nm. C60 and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) were used as acceptor materials, and C60 or PCBM/SiNc system solar cells showed incident photon to current conversion efficiency in the range of 700–800 nm. The PCBM/SiNc solar cell provided high open circuit voltage of 0.74 V. From the energy level diagram, the higher lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level of PCBM contributed to the high open circuit voltage. The surface roughness at the C60/SiNc interface is larger compared to that at the PCBM/SiNc interface, which resulted in the high short circuit current density of the C60/SiNc solar cell.
High-Jc MgB2 Josephson junctions with operating temperature up to 40 K (2010)

Sandwich-type MgB2/MgO/MgB2 Josephson junctions with Au or MgB2 interconnection were fabricated using hybrid physical-chemical vapor deposited MgB2 thin films and RF-magnetron-sputtered MgO barrier. The junctions show properties similar to those in high-Jc Nb junctions with Jc up to 275 kA/cm2 at 4 K, which remains nonzero up to 40 K. Critical current modulations by applied magnetic field and constant voltage steps under microwave radiation were observed. Combined with the larger energy gaps in MgB2 than in Nb, the junctions presented here allow simple MgB2 digital circuits to work over 20 K or with a clock speed above 1 THz.