gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chlorine-Based Dry Etching of III/V Compound Semiconductors for Optoelectronic Application (1998)

Chlorine-based dry etching of III/V compound semiconductors for optoelectronic applications has been reviewed. The advantages of the ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV)-based electron cyclotron resonance (ECR)-plasma reactive ion beam etching (RIBE) over conventional RF-plasma reactive ion etching (RIE) were emphasized as the capability to use carbon-free, chlorine (Cl 2 ) gas plasmas, controllability of ion energies and compatibility with other UHV-based chambers such as a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) chamber. The RIBE technique was shown to exhibit excellent laser diode performances, such as extremely low threshold-current, high polarization-controllability and a lifetime of more than 3000 h for structures with more than 1-µm-wide etched-mesa width. The degree of etching-induced damage was evaluated in terms of the nonradiative surface recombination velocity S r and the possibilities of practical applications of the dry-etched devices were discussed using the S r values.
Modelling water vapour permeability through atomic layer deposition coated photovoltaic barrier defects (2014)

Transparent barrier films such as Al2O3 used for prevention of oxygen and/or water vapour permeation are the subject of increasing research interest when used for the encapsulation of flexible photovoltaic modules. However, the existence of micro-scale defects in the barrier surface topography has been shown to have the potential to facilitate water vapour ingress, thereby reducing cell efficiency and causing internal electrical shorts. Previous work has shown that small defects (≤ 3 μm lateral dimension) were less significant in determining water vapour ingress. In contrast, larger defects (≥ 3 μm lateral dimension) seem to be more detrimental to the barrier functionality. Experimental results based on surface topography segmentation analysis and a model presented in this paper, will be used to test the hypothesis that the major contributing defects to water vapour transmission rate are small numbers of large defects. The model highlighted in this study has the potential to be used for gaining a better understanding of photovoltaic module efficiency and performance.
Thin-film superconductor in an exchange field (1991)

Using the technique of spin-polarized tunneling, we studied tunnel junctions with EuS/Al bilayer electrodes. We found a large effective internal field in the Al film, which gives rise to extra Zeeman splitting in the superconducting quasiparticle density of states and which is attributed to the exchange interaction between the Eu ions and the Al conduction electrons. This exchange field, acting only on the electron spins, is inversely proportional to the thickness of the Al, causes no observable orbital depairing in the Al, and leads to a first-order transition to the normal state.
[Expression level of MDR1, and MRP in patients with malignant blood disease and its clinical significance]. (1997)

RT-PCR method was used to detect the expression level of multi-drug resistance gene (MDR1) and multi-drug resistance associated protein (MRP) in patients with malignant blood disease, including 19 cases of acute leukemia and 6 cases of multiple myeloma. The results showed: expression level of MDR1 in patients with known clinical drug resistance elevated obviously and was significantly associated with clinical drug resistance (r = 0.612, P < 0.01), which indicated that expression of MDR1 was the main mechanism of clinical drug resistance. There is no obvious relationship between expression level of MDR1 and MRP (r = 0.035, P > 0.05).
Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation at Neutral pH by a Nanostructured Co(PO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> Anode (2012)

Abstract Cobalt metaphosphate Co(PO 3 ) 2 nanoparticles are prepared via the thermolytic molecular precursor (TMP) method. A Ni form electrode decorated with Co(PO 3 ) 2 nanoparticles is evaluated as an anode for water oxidation electrocatalysis in pH 6.4 phosphate‐buffered water. Catalytic onset occurs at an overpotential of ca. 310 mV, which is 100 mV lower than that observed for Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles, with a comparable surface area under identical conditions. A per‐metal turnover frequency (TOF) of 0.10–0.21 s −1 is observed at an overpotential, η , of 440 mV, which is comparable to the highest rate reported for a first‐row metal heterogeneous catalyst. Post‐catalytic characterization of the catalyst resting state by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy reveals that surface rearrangement occurs, resulting in an oxide‐like surface overlayer.
Digital Filter Design Techniques in the Frequency Domain (1968)

In digital filtering, the spectrum is shaped using digital components as the basic elements. Although the physical realization is different, the aims of digital filtering are, thus, the same as those for continuous filtering. It is likely that digital filtering, already in extensive use for computer simulation of analog filters, will find increasing real-time application. Real-time digital filters have several advantages over their analog counterparts: a greater degree of accuracy can be attained in their realization; a larger variety can be built since certain realization problems (akin to negative elements) do not arise; no special components are needed to realize filters with time-varying coefficients; and they are of particular utility at very low frequencies where analog components become large and unwieldy. In contrast to the linear differential equations of continuous filter theory, linear digital filter theory is based on the mathematics of linear difference equations. Using the z-transform calculus, a number of digital filter design techniques are discussed. One technique is useful in designing a digital filter whose impulse response is like that of a given analog filter, whie other techniques are suitable for designing digital filters meeting specified frequency response criteria. Another yields filters with linear phase, specified frequency response, and controlled impulse response duration. The effect of digital arithmetic on digital filter behavior is considered.
Analog VLSI architectures for motion processing: from fundamental limits to system applications (1996)

This paper discusses some of the fundamental issues in the design of highly parallel, dense, low-power motion sensors in analog VLSI. Since photoreceptor circuits are an integral part of all visual motion sensors, we discuss how the sizing of photosensitive areas can affect the performance of such systems. We review the classic gradient and correlation algorithms and give a survey of analog motion-sensing architectures inspired by them. We calculate how the measurable speed range scales with signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for a classic Reichardt sensor with a fixed time constant. We show how this speed range may be improved using a nonlinear filter with an adaptive time constant, constructed out of a diode and a capacitor, and present data from a velocity sensor based on such a filter. Finally, we describe how arrays of such velocity sensors call be employed to compute the heading direction of a moving subject and to estimate the time-to-contact between the sensor and a moving object.
EVOLUTION OF LIGHT-REGULATED PLANT PROMOTERS (1998)

In this review, we address the phylogenetic and structural relationships between light-responsive promoter regions from a range of plant genes, that could explain both their common dependence on specific photoreceptor-associated transduction pathways and their functional versatility. The well-known multipartite light-responsive elements (LREs) of flowering plants share sequences very similar to motifs in the promoters of orthologous genes from conifers, ferns, and mosses, whose genes are expressed in absence of light. Therefore, composite LREs have apparently evolved from cis-regulatory units involved in other promoter functions, a notion with significant implications to our understanding of the structural and functional organization of angiosperm LREs.
Joint stochastic inversion of geophysical data for reservoir parameter estimation (2003)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2003Joint stochastic inversion of geophysical data for reservoir parameter estimationAuthors: Jinsong ChenG. Michael HoverstenJinsong ChenLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and G. Michael HoverstenLawrence Berkeley National Laboratoryhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1818036 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1818036FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited bySeismic and Well Log Reprocessing, Re-interpretation and Geostatistical Inversion Yields More Detailed View of Yuzhno Khilchuyu Field3 October 2006Estimating reservoir parameters from seismic and electromagnetic data using stochastic rock‐ physics models and Markov chain Monte Carlo methodsJinsong Chen and G. Michael Hoversten7 December 2005Integration of marine CSEM and seismic AVA data for reservoir parameter estimationG. Michael Hoversten, Jinsong Chen, Erika Gasperikova, and Gregory A. Newman7 December 2005 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2003ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 2003 Pages: 2452 publication data© 2003 Copyright © 2003 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 03 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Jinsong Chen and G. Michael Hoversten, (2003), "Joint stochastic inversion of geophysical data for reservoir parameter estimation," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 726-729. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1818036 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Study of the specific heme orientation in reconstituted hemoglobins (1988)

NMR studies of the recombination reaction of apohemoglobin derivatives with natural and unnatural hemes and of the heme-exchange reaction for reconstituted hemoglobin have revealed that the heme is incorporated into the apoprotein with stereospecific heme orientations dependent upon the heme peripheral 2,4-substituents and the axial iron ligand(s). Heme orientations also depend on whether recombination occurs at the alpha or beta subunit and on whether or not the complementary subunit is occupied by the heme. In the recombination reaction with the azido complex of deuterohemin, the alpha subunit of the apohemoglobin preferentially combines with the hemin in the "disordered" heme orientation, whereas protohemin is inserted in either of two heme orientations. Mesohemin inserts predominantly in the "native" heme orientation. For the beta subunit, specific heme orientation was also encountered, but the specificity was somewhat different from that of the alpha subunit. It was also shown that the specific heme orientation in both subunits is substantially affected by the axial heme ligands. These findings imply that apohemoglobin senses the steric bulkiness of both the porphyrin 2,4-substituents and the axial iron ligands in the heme-apoprotein recombination reaction. To gain an insight into the effect of the protein structure, the heme reconstitution reaction of semihemoglobin, demonstrating that the heme orientation in the reconstituted semihemoglobin with the azido-deuterohemin complex was in the native form, was also examined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Digital <i>xy</i> position indicator using Walsh functions (1975)

Elementary properties of Walsh functions are used to devise a digital system capable of providing the xy co-ordinates of a probe on a plane surface, to an accuracy of 1 part in 2m, using only 2m circuits.
New insights into p53 function from structural studies. (1996)

Recent structural analysis of p53 has greatly enhanced our understanding of the biochemical activities of this protein by presenting us with a detailed picture of the chemical groups in the protein that are involved in protein stability, conformation and functional interactions. The current structures form the basis for the design of potential therapeutics which could, for example, revert a DNA-binding mutant back to a DNA-binding competent conformation. The structure of the tet domain forms the basis for designing an active therapeutic p53 with an oligomerization domain which would not cross react with a DNA-binding mutant p53. However, as useful as these structures have been in providing insight into the structure/function relationship for p53, a complete understanding of this protein awaits more detailed information on the full-length protein. In this respect, one of the most useful roles for future structural studies will be to help identify the nature of the conformational transition between latent and active p53, and how it can be modulated.
Power allocation among socio-economic sectors with overlapping demands during power shortage: A bankruptcy approach (2016)

Power supply is one of the main backbones of sustainable socio-economic development. In developing countries with rapidly growing economies one of the main problem and obstacle for economic development is shortage of power supply. This makes it a contested resource among different socio-economic sectors. Therefore, distribution of power to different socio-economic sectors with overlapping power demands during power shortage requires careful and strategic decision making in order to maximize the socio-economic benefit that can be obtained out of limited power supply while maintaining equitable distribution. This research article proposed approaching power supply allocation problem during power shortage as game theoretic bankruptcy problem. Then the allocation of power during power scarcity among different socio-economic sectors using the classical bankruptcy allocation techniques was proposed. Each sector is characterized by its power demand. Such an approach could help make power allocation decisions which maximizes the socio-economic benefits from limited power supply by distributing it in a way that can be a base for efficient, reasonable and fair power supply management schemes during periods of power shortage.
Purification and interaction properties of the human RNA polymerase B(II) general transcription factor BTF2. (1991)

A general transcription factor (BTF2) has been purified from HeLa whole cell extract and shown to be absolutely required for the formation of a functional initiation complex. We also demonstrate that this factor binds in solution to RNA polymerase B(II) and to the other general transcription factors BTF1(TFIID), BTF3, and BTF4. These results strongly suggest the existence of multiple interactions between the various components of the multiprotein initiation complex.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen A: Chemistry and Biology (1980)

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a high-molecular-weight, cell-surface glycoprotein usually associated with tumors of the human colon. It was first described by Gold and Freedman (1965b) as a component of human colon carcinoma and fetal colon tissue. Although early studies suggested that elevated serum levels of CEA may be diagnostic of colonic cancer, subsequent studies showed that CEA may be elevated in other types of cancer and in various inflammatory diseases. The diagnostic significance of various CEA immunoassays has led to intensive research into the biology and chemistry of CEA. As a result of these studies, CEA is one of the most highly characterized human tumor markers.
Deep Reinforced Query Reformulation for Information Retrieval (2020)

Query reformulations have long been a key mechanism to alleviate the vocabulary-mismatch problem in information retrieval, for example by expanding the queries with related query terms or by generating paraphrases of the queries. In this work, we propose a deep reinforced query reformulation (DRQR) model to automatically generate new reformulations of the query. To encourage the model to generate queries which can achieve high performance when performing the retrieval task, we incorporate query performance prediction into our reward function. In addition, to evaluate the quality of the reformulated query in the context of information retrieval, we first train our DRQR model, then apply the retrieval ranking model on the obtained reformulated query. Experiments are conducted on the TREC 2020 Deep Learning track MSMARCO document ranking dataset. Our results show that our proposed model outperforms several query reformulation model baselines when performing retrieval task. In addition, improvements are also observed when combining with various retrieval models, such as query expansion and BERT.
Crystal Structure of Taxinine A (1996)

Here reported is the crystal structure of taxinine A (C_(26)H_(36)O_8, Mr=476.76) which was isolated from the needles of Taxus cuspidata. The crystal belongs to monoclinic system, space group is P2_1 with a=9. 122 (2), b=10.451 (3), c=13.661(2),β=93. 92(1)°,Z=2, V=1299.3(5), D_x=1.218 g/cm￣3, F (000)=512,μ=0.08 mm-1, and the final R-factors are 0. 061 (Rf) and 0. 056(Rw) for 1796 observed diffractions. The molecule taxinine A is one of the taxane diterpenoids which possesses 6-8-6 fused tricycle skeleton.
Up-regulation of SLAP in FLI-1-transformed erythroblasts interferes with EpoR signaling (2003)

Abstract Rearrangement of the FLI-1 locus and ensuing overexpression of FLI-1 protein is an early event in Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV)-induced erythroleukemia. When overexpressed in primary erythroblasts, FLI-1 converts erythropoietin (Epo)-induced terminal differentiation into a proliferative response. We found that SLAP, a gene encoding a recently described negative regulator of T-cell antigen receptor function during thymocyte development, is up-regulated both at the RNA and protein levels in FLI-1-transformed erythroblasts. Src-like adaptor protein (SLAP) was found in a specific complex with erythropoietin receptor (EpoR), a cytokine receptor essential to erythroid differentiation. Constitutive expression of SLAP severely impairs hemoglobinization and late survival during Epo-induced terminal differentiation of erythroblasts. This impairment is associated with the specific inhibition of several critical Epo-dependent signaling events, including signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) activation and up-regulation of the expression of the antiapoptotic BCL-X gene. Our data support a model by which FLI-1 inhibits normal erythroid differentiation through the deregulation of genes encoding adaptors/effectors that modify the signaling output of cytokine receptors normally required for terminal differentiation. (Blood. 2003; 102:4555-4562)
[Preliminary study of treating parotid gland malignant tumor with saving facial nerve (surgery associated with 125I seed implant brachytherapy)]. (2008)

For parotid gland malignant tumor, surgery combined with 125I seeds implant brachytherapy can save facial nerve function, and the short-term effects were satisfactory.
Multistrand RNA Secondary Structure Prediction and Nanostructure Design Including Pseudoknots (2011)

We are presenting NanoFolder, a method for the prediction of the base pairing of potentially pseudoknotted multistrand RNA nanostructures. We show that the method outperforms several other structure prediction methods when applied to RNA complexes with non-nested base pairs. We extended this secondary structure prediction capability to allow RNA sequence design. Using native PAGE, we experimentally confirm that four in silico designed RNA strands corresponding to a triangular RNA structure form the expected stable complex.
Effect of Axial Force on the Performance of Micromachined Vibratory Rate Gyroscopes (2010)

It is reported in the published literature that the resonant frequency of a silicon micromachined gyroscope decreases linearly with increasing temperature. However, when the axial force is considerable, the resonant frequency might increase as the temperature increases. The axial force is mainly induced by thermal stress due to the mismatch between the thermal expansion coefficients of the structure and substrate. In this paper, two types of micromachined suspended vibratory gyroscopes with slanted beams were proposed to evaluate the effect of the axial force. One type was suspended with a clamped-free (C-F) beam and the other one was suspended with a clamped-clamped (C-C) beam. Their drive modes are the bending of the slanted beam, and their sense modes are the torsion of the slanted beam. The relationships between the resonant frequencies of the two types were developed. The prototypes were packaged by vacuum under 0.1 mbar and an analytical solution for the axial force effect on the resonant frequency was obtained. The temperature dependent performances of the operated mode responses of the micromachined gyroscopes were measured. The experimental values of the temperature coefficients of resonant frequencies (TCF) due to axial force were 101.5 ppm/°C for the drive mode and 21.6 ppm/°C for the sense mode. The axial force has a great influence on the modal frequency of the micromachined gyroscopes suspended with a C-C beam, especially for the flexure mode. The quality factors of the operated modes decreased with increasing temperature, and changed drastically when the micromachined gyroscopes worked at higher temperatures.