gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Methamphetamine toxicity: treatment with a benzodiazepine versus a butyrophenone (1997)

Patients with methamphetamine toxicity often present to the emergency department (ED) agitated, violent and psychotic. To determine the efficacy of a benzodiazepine versus a butyrophenone for chemical restraint we conducted a prospective, randomized study at a large urban university ED between January 1995 and January 1997. Patients were randomized to receive either lorazepam or droperidol intravenously. A 6-point sedation scale was devised, with 6 representing extreme agitation and 1 deep sleep. Sedation scores were recorded at time 0, 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 min. Vital signs were recorded at time 0 and at 60 min. If sedation was inadequate, repeat dosages of each drug could be repeated at 30 min. Toxicology screen, ethanol and creatinine phosphokinase levels were obtained. A total of 146 patients were evaluated. Seventy-four patients received lorazepam and 72 received droperidol. Both drugs had similar sedation profiles at 5 min. Patients receiving droperidol had significantly improved sedation scores at times 10, 15, 30 and 60 min than lorazepam (p < 0.001). More repeat doses of lorazepam were given (26) than droperidol (6) at 30 min. Both drugs produced significant reduction in pulse, systolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, and temperature over 60 min. We conclude droperidol produces a more rapid and profound sedation than lorazepam for methamphetamine toxicity. Lorazepam is more likely to require repeat dosing than droperidol.
Inductance of Parallel Plates in Electromagnetic Armor (2006)

Abstract : In electromagnetic armor, a shaped charge jet is disrupted when a large current is passed through it while the jet is in contact with two parallel flat plates. For the current to increase as quickly as possible to an effective level, the inductance of the circuit must be controlled or at least known. This inductance, however, depends on the position of the current connections to the plates and the position of the shaped charge jet. A method to calculate this inductance is presented, which is verified by experimental measurements.
Thermal characterization and simulation study of 2.5D packages with multi-chip module on through silicon interposer (2013)

Next generation of heterogeneous integration requires 2.5D package on interposer as enabling technology for less signal delay, faster speed, and more functionality. In this work, thermal characterization and simulation of a 2.5D package with multi chips on through silicon interposer (TSI) are reported. Two dummy chips with chip sizes of 7.6×10.9mm and 8mm×8mm, respectively, are arranged on the interposer through the flip chip bumping and joining process. To facilitate the thermal characterization, a thermal test chip of 5.08×5.08mm is embedded on the same interposer for thermal test and simulation validation. In either molded or bare die BGA package format, the thermal test vehicles are brought for thermal characterization, including Theta JA Theta JB measurement conforming with the JEDEC standards. It is found that the overmolded package has slightly lower thermal resistances than the bare die package. In addition, the Theta JC, namely, the thermal resistance from the junction to the top casing is also characterized through a high performance cold plate. Besides the thermal measurements, thermal simulation models under different boundary conditions are established, respectively, to compare with the thermal measurements. Good agreements are generally achieved between simulation and measurements. Further simulation is also conducted to study the effects of overmold thickness and power dissipation from the multi chips module on the interposer.
NF1 gene analysis focused on CpG-rich exons in a cohort of 93 patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (2000)

We studied the NF1 gene in 93 unrelated patients with neurofibromatosis type1, focusing the analysis on four exons that contain the highest number of possible mutations occurring at CpG sites. We used denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to analyse exons 16, 28, 29 and 49, which contain 45 (25%) of the 183 possible mutations that could occur at the 120 CpG dinucleotides of the coding sequence. Six different mutations were identified, five of which are novel: two truncating mutations, W1810X and 5448insG, located in exon29; two splice defects leading to exon29 skipping, 5206-2A>G and 5546G>A; and one missense mutation, L844F, located in exon16. The already described R1748X mutation located in exon29 was found in two unrelated patients. The 5546G>A and R1748X mutations are located at CpG sites, whereas the W1810X involves a CpNpG site. Four novel polymorphisms, which may be helpful for family studies, were also identified. Overall, all but one mutations were found in exon29, a result which suggests that all the CpG sites of the NF1 coding sequence do not have the same mutability, and that exon29, the most CpG-rich exon, contains mutational hotspots associated with NF1.
Effects of spontaneous ordering on Raman spectra of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">GaInP</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1997)

The effects of spontaneous ${\mathrm{CuPt}}_{B}$ ordering on the lattice dynamics of ${\mathrm{GaInP}}_{2}$ alloys are studied by room-temperature Raman-scattering experiments on a series of ${\mathrm{GaInP}}_{2}$ samples with various degrees of ordering, grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy. In measurements on the (001) growth plane, we have observed several changes in the optical-phonon range of the Raman spectrum, the most notable of which is the emergence of an extra peak at 354 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}.$ This peak is identified as a longitudinal-optical mode due to the superlattice effect in the ordered alloys. The acoustic-phonon range of the (001) Raman spectra of the ordered samples shows extra peaks at 60 and 205 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1},$ which are identified as the folded transverse and longitudinal-acoustic phonons, respectively. For the optical phonons, the Raman selection rules and the identification of the extra peak are tested by measuring right-angle Raman scattering. The results are consistent with the trigonal ${C}_{3\ensuremath{\nu}}$ symmetry of the ordered alloys.
EDTA — time for re‐evaluation? (1984)

Abstract. The use of EDTA as a demineralizing solution for facilitating instrumentation of fine canals is examined. Although the chelation occurring on the dentine is a simple chemical reaction, there is little evidence that it is effective in the clinical situation of a fine canal.
Effect of Hot Rolling Conditions on Annihilation of Porosities in Continuous Casting Slabs (1980)

Effects of hot rolling parameters on the annihilation of porosities in continuous casting slabs or ingots were investigated using specimens which include artificial porosities (sphere and cube). It was revealed that, of hot rolling parameters, the reduction ratio and the rolling shape factor are essential factors for the annihilation, whereas the rolling temperature is less influential. The following formulae was derived to predict the rolling conditions required for the annihilation of porosities.d0Hk/H0-∑kj=1Hk/Hjω0(C0+C1mj+C2m2j)≤0, mj=2√R(Hj-1-Hj)/(Hj-1+Hj) (j= 1, 2, ......k)where d0, ω0 : initial porosity size of thickness and width respectively, j : index of rolling pass schedule, Hj : plate thickness after j-th rolling pass (H0 : initial thickness), R : radius of work rolls, c0, c1, c2 : constants.
Semiconductors Between Spin-Polarized Sources and Drains (2007)

Injecting spins into a semiconductor channel and transforming the spin information into a significant electrical output signal is a long-standing problem in spintronics. This is the prerequisite of several concepts of spin transistor. In this paper, we discuss the general problem of spin transport in a nonmagnetic channel between source and drain. Two problems must be mastered: 1) In diffusive regime, the injection/extraction of a spin-polarized current into/from a semiconductor beyond the ballistic zone at the interface with a magnetic metal requires the insertion of a spin-dependent and large enough interface resistance. 2) In both the diffusive and ballistic regimes and whatever the metallic or semiconducting character of the source/drain, a small enough interface resistance is the condition to keep the dwell time shorter than the spin lifetime and, thus, to conserve the spin-accumulation-induced output signal at an optimum level (DeltaR/Rap1 or larger). Practically, the main difficulties come from the second condition. In our presentation of experimental results, we show why the transformation of spin information into a large electrical signal has been more easily achieved with carbon nanotubes than with semiconductors, and we discuss how the situation could be improved in the later case
GobyWeb: Simplified Management and Analysis of Gene Expression and DNA Methylation Sequencing Data (2013)

We present GobyWeb, a web-based system that facilitates the management and analysis of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) projects. The software provides integrated support for a broad set of HTS analyses and offers a simple plugin extension mechanism. Analyses currently supported include quantification of gene expression for messenger and small RNA sequencing, estimation of DNA methylation (i.e., reduced bisulfite sequencing and whole genome methyl-seq), or the detection of pathogens in sequenced data. In contrast to previous analysis pipelines developed for analysis of HTS data, GobyWeb requires significantly less storage space, runs analyses efficiently on a parallel grid, scales gracefully to process tens or hundreds of multi-gigabyte samples, yet can be used effectively by researchers who are comfortable using a web browser. We conducted performance evaluations of the software and found it to either outperform or have similar performance to analysis programs developed for specialized analyses of HTS data. We found that most biologists who took a one-hour GobyWeb training session were readily able to analyze RNA-Seq data with state of the art analysis tools. GobyWeb can be obtained at http://gobyweb.campagnelab.org and is freely available for non-commercial use. GobyWeb plugins are distributed in source code and licensed under the open source LGPL3 license to facilitate code inspection, reuse and independent extensions http://github.com/CampagneLaboratory/gobyweb2-plugins.
뫼스바우어 분광장치와 자화율 측정을 이용한 시효된 Fe - 40wt.% Cr 합금의 상변태에 관한 연구 (1993)

Phase transformation in Fe-40wt.%Cr binary alloy thermally aged at 475℃ was investigated by Mo¨ssbauer spectroscopy, superconductivity quantum interference device(SQUID) and vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM). Microhardness change accompanying its thermal aging was also studied. Microhardness of the binary alloy increased immediately and without saturation with aging up to 2000 hours. Specific saturation magnetization value(σ_s) measured at room temperature by VSM increased during the initial aging time of 2 hours to 1000 hours whereas it increased slowly during aging of 1000 to 2000 hours. Broadening of the six-line Mo¨ssbauer spectrum obtained at room temperature and additional appearance of paramagnetic peaks were observed for binary alloy specimens aged for a time range of 400 to 2000 hours. These observations indicate occurrence of phase separation into Fe-rich and Cr-rich region. Results of Curie temperature measurements for the Cr-rich region by SQUID indicate that the volume fraction and Cr concentration of the Cr-rich region increased with increasing aging time. These results lead to a conclusion that spinodal decomposition progresses during aging at 475℃ and the Fe-40wt.%Cr alloy and that gives rise to hardening of the alloy.
An analysis of the cottonseed pricing structure in Texas (1998)

The general objective of this study was to determine how variations in cottonseed supply factors, demand factors, and the five quality attributes reported under the current grading system (oil, ammonia, moisture, free fatty acids, and foreign matter) affect the price of whole cottonseed. It was found that cottonseed oil prices, cottonseed meal prices, moisture levels, free fatty acid levels, and foreign matter levels had statistically significant impacts on Texas cottonseed prices over the 1987-1996 marketing years. Results indicated that as cottonseed oil prices changed by 1 percent, cottonseed prices changed by about 0.33 percent. Cottonseed prices changed by about 0.40 percent as cottonseed meal prices changed by 1 percent. As moisture, free fatty acid, and foreign matter levels increased by one unit, cottonseed prices decreased by approximately 23 cents per ton, 4.56 dollars per ton, and 91 cents per ton, respectively. Results suggest that the current formula pricing system understates discounts for cottonseed moisture, free fatty acid, and foreign matter content
Systems with Human Monitors: A Signal Detection Analysis (1985)

Abstract Automated factories, the flightdecks of commercial aircraft, and the control rooms of power plants are examples of decision-making environments in which a human operator performs an alerted-monitor role. These human-machine systems include automated monitor or alerting subsystems operating in support of a human monitor. The automated monitor subsystem makes preprogrammed decisions about the state of the underlying process based on current inputs and expectations about normal/abnormal operating conditions. When alerted by the automated monitor subsystem, the human monitor may analyze input data, confirm or disconfirm the decision made by the automated monitor, and take appropriate further action. In this paper, the combined automated monitor-human monitor system is modeled as a signal detection system in which the human operator and the automated component monitor partially correlated noisy channels. The signal detection analysis shows that overall system performance is highly sensitive to the interaction between the human's monitoring strategy and the decision parameter, Ca, of the automated monitor subsystem. Usual design practice is to set Ca to a value that optimizes the automated monitor's detection and false alarm rates. Our analysis shows that this setting will not yield optimal performance for the overall human-machine system. Furthermore, overall system performance may be limited to a narrow range of realizable detection and error rates. As a result, large gains in system performance can be achieved by manipulating the parameters of the automated monitor subsystem in light of the workload characteristics of the human operator.
Counseling victims and perpetrators of campus violence (1989)

Abstract Various approaches taken by those in college communities who deal directly with victims and perpetrators of campus violence are reviewed. The role of campus police or security as “first on the scene” is examined, and examples of “newly identified” victims are given.
Effects of Sugar and Buffer Types, and pH on Formation of Maillard Pigments in the Lysine Model System (2015)

Effects of the types of sugars and buffers, and pH on the formation of Maillard reaction pigments were investigated using the xylose-lysine and glucose-lysine model systems. Sugars (13.3 mM) and lysine (34 mM) were dissolved in acetate, phosphate, and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) buffers and heated at 100°C for 60 min. The profiles of browning, reversed-phase HPLC, sugar-decrease, and gel permeation chromatography of each sample were examined. Browning was stimulated by phosphate and inhibited by Tris. With the rise in pH value, browning occurred more intensively, more sugars decreased, and more melanoidins were formed. Xylose samples turned darker brown than glucose ones. The ratio of absorbance at 400 nm to that at 450 or 500 nm increased in the xylose system with the rise in pH value, while that in the glucose system decreased. Low-molecular-weight pigments, dilysyldipyrrolones, were formed only in the xylose system, while melanoidins were formed in both systems. Lysine stimulated the degradation of sugars, polymerization, and browning in both systems, although more intensively in the xylose system than in the glucose one.
Computer programs for spelling correction (1980)

Barriers related to symptom control were identified in 19% of the eligible articles, along with barriers related to health, which with 24% of occurrence in the articles, were the most frequently cited barriers. Countries which have implemented PC for some time were those with the greatest number of publications and in journals with the highest impact factors. Cross-sectional study design continues to be the most frequently used in publications.
Failure analysis of biaxial braided composites under fatigue loading (2013)

This research addresses failure analysis of vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) manufactured carbon/epoxy biaxial braided composites under load controlled tension-tension fatigue loading. The fatigue stress is applied as a percentage of ultimate tensile strength. It is observed that the ultimate tensile strength is a function of the braid angle and fiber volume percentage. The variation in the ultimate tensile strength between the specimens causes relatively large scatter in the fatigue data. The scatter is confirmed on S/Su-N diagram and on stiffness degradation diagrams. A simple statistical approach is proposed to predict the ultimate tensile strength of braided composites using braid angle and fiber volume percentage of the composites.
Neurobiology of the association of chronic work stress with atherogenic lipids and elevated fibrinogen in middle‐aged men (1998)

D ear S ir, the effect of chronic work stress (high efforts in combination with low rewards) on the prevalence of elevated LDL cholesterol and plasma fibrinogen [ 1] is supported by high levels of hopelessness interacting with initial level and contributing to faster 4-year progression of carotid atherosclerosis [ 2] and the long-term influence of depression on coronary heart disease. Neurobiologic features are suggested by reports linking dysregulation of brain stem cardiovascular control and mood, and rumination with abnormalities of dopamine promoted by plasminogen and lateralized to the right hemisphere. This hypothesis is supported by optimal response organization and working memory at intermediate dopamine tone in a mediofrontostriatal activation system, and deactivation of the right hemisphere, a state marker of depression, promoting dominance of the left hemisphere associated with cardiac dysrhythmia, vasoconstriction, and aggressive responding [ 345]. These findings prompt future attention to psychosocial conditions specified above to further successes in reducing the burden of cardiovascular risk and disease [ 1] by monitoring behavioral correlates of asymmetrical brain functions during the intrinsic state of the individual's mental world generated by active neurons [ 36]. This method is supported by the correlation of rate and variability in the duration of speech hesitation pauses one second or more, 4.79 ± 2.48 min−1, 1.50 ± 0.33 s (mean ± SD), respectively, with the left and right hemisphere [ 3] which has a special role in establishing, maintaining, and processing personally relevant aspects of the individual's world [ 7], and the association of the reduction of blood pressure with longer, less recurrent pauses manifested by pauses averaging 1.18 seconds at >2 min−1 and 1.93 s at 1 min−1 thus yielding a ratio 1.18/1.93 = 0.611 approximating the golden section or divine proportion reported in ELEMENTS by Euclid in 300 B.C. with regard to geometry and applied to nature, art and architecture 0.618, range 0.534 to 0.833 [ 3Doczi G. ]. It is also supported by the correlation of pause rate with coronary prevalence and incidence, and mood [ 3], temporal stability of mood variability [ 9], and participatory matching at moderate arousal in emotionally charged dialogue on the order of 1.40 seconds at 2 pauses min−1, a joint, mutually responsive rhythm which has prelinguistic origins [ 3] that may adapt defensive systems to the unique demands of the environment [ 10]. In contrast, acute psychological stress elicits a ‘defense reaction,’ characterized by a marked increase in sympathetic nerve activity that may trigger adverse cardiac events in susceptible individuals [ 1112].
Correction: High Diversity in Cretaceous Ichthyosaurs from Europe Prior to Their Extinction (2014)

Background: Ichthyosaurs are reptiles that inhabited the marine realm during most of the Mesozoic. Their Cretaceous representatives have traditionally been considered as the last survivors of a group declining since the Jurassic. Recently, however, an unexpected diversity has been described in Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous deposits, but is widely spread across time and space, giving small clues on the adaptive potential and ecosystem control of the last ichthyosaurs. The famous but little studied English Gault Formation and 'greensands' deposits (the Upper Greensand Formation and the Cambridge Greensand Member of the Lower Chalk Formation) offer an unprecedented opportunity to investigate this topic, containing thousands of ichthyosaur remains spanning the Early-Late Cretaceous boundary.
Peptide synthesis in cell-free extracts of Bacillus brevis 8185 (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPeptide synthesis in cell-free extracts of Bacillus brevis 8185R. K. Rao, N. V. Bhagavan, K. R. Rao, and J. B. HallCite this: Biochemistry 1968, 7, 9, 3072–3077Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00849a007https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00849a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views47Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cell suppression to limit content-based disclosure (2002)

The increasing demand for information, coupled with the increasing capability of computer systems, has compelled information providers to reassess their procedures for preventing disclosure of confidential information. General logical and numerical methods exist to determine, prior to release, if disclosure can occur-either directly or through inference. One method uses linear programming techniques applied to multi-dimensional tables of count data to determine which cells are subject to inferential disclosure. This paper develops integer programming (IP) techniques to find an optimal primary suppression set for protecting the confidentiality of sensitive data in 3D tables. An example is drawn from Federal Reserve Bank records. Data tables are randomly generated to assess the extent of inferential disclosure and the computational time/space restrictions of the IP model.