gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A low cost embedded color vision system (2003)

In this paper we describe a functioning low cost embedded vision system which can perform basic color blob tracking at 16.7 frames per second. This system utilizes a low cost CMOS color camera module and all image data is processed by a high speed, low cost microcontroller. This eliminates the need for a separate frame grabber and high speed host computer typically found in traditional vision systems. The resulting embedded system makes it possible to utilize simple color vision algorithms in applications like small mobile robotics where a traditional vision system would not be practical.
Synthesis of Pyrroles from Benzyl Isocyanoacetate (1994)

Benzyl esters of 5-unsubstituted pyrrole-2-carboxylic acids were prepared in excellent yields by the base-catalyzed condensation of benzyl isocyanoacetate with α-acetoxynitro compounds, or nitroalkenes,in refluxing tetrahydrofuran. These pyrrolic products are important intermediates in the synthesis of porphyrins and related compounds.
Secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine-like 1 (SPARCL1) is down regulated in aggressive prostate cancers and is prognostic for poor clinical outcome (2012)

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among United States men. However, disease aggressiveness is varied, with low-grade disease often being indolent and high-grade cancer accounting for the greatest density of deaths. Outcomes are also disparate among men with high-grade prostate cancer, with upwards of 65% having disease recurrence even after primary treatment. Identification of men at risk for recurrence and elucidation of the molecular processes that drive their disease is paramount, as these men are the most likely to benefit from multimodal therapy. We previously showed that androgen-induced expression profiles in prostate development are reactivated in aggressive prostate cancers. Herein, we report the down-regulation of one such gene, Sparcl1, a secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) family matricellular protein, during invasive phases of prostate development and regeneration. We further demonstrate a parallel process in prostate cancer, with decreased expression of SPARCL1 in high-grade/metastatic prostate cancer. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that SPARCL1 loss increases the migratory and invasive properties of prostate cancer cells through Ras homolog gene family, member C (RHOC), a known mediator of metastatic progression. By using models incorporating clinicopathologic parameters to predict prostate cancer recurrence after treatment, we show that SPARCL1 loss is a significant, independent prognostic marker of disease progression. Thus, SPARCL1 is a potent regulator of cell migration/invasion and its loss is independently associated with prostate cancer recurrence.
Discovering missing links in networks using vertex similarity measures (2012)

Vertex similarity measure is a useful tool to discover the hidden relationships of vertices in a complex network. We introduce relation strength similarity (RSS), a vertex similarity measure that could better capture potential relationships of real world network structure. RSS is unique in that is is an asymmetric measure which could be used for a more general purpose social network analysis; allows users to explicitly specify the relation strength between neighboring vertices for initialization; and offers a discovery range parameter could be adjusted by users for extended network degree search. To show the potential of vertex similarity measures and the superiority of RSS over other measures, we conduct experiments on two real networks, a biological network and a coauthorship network. Experimental results show that RSS is better in discovering the hidden relationships of the networks.
Relation between Precursor Structure and Biosynthesis of Penicillins<sup>1</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRelation between Precursor Structure and Biosynthesis of Penicillins1Donald C. Mortimer and Marvin J. JohnsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 16, 4098–4102Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01136a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01136a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views78Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cyclotide Interactions with the Nematode External Surface (2010)

Cyclotides are a large family of cyclic cystine knot-containing plant peptides that have anthelminthic activities against Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis, two important gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. In this study, we investigated the interaction of the prototypic cyclotide kalata B1 with the external surface of H. contortus larvae and adult worms. We show that cyclotides do not need to be ingested by the worms to exert their toxic effects but that an interaction with the external surface alone is toxic. Evidence for this was the toxicity toward adult worms in the presence of a chemically induced pharyngeal ligature and toxicity of cyclotides toward nonfeeding larval life stages. Uptake of tritiated inulin in ligated adult worms was increased in the presence of cyclotide, suggesting that cyclotides increase the permeability of the external membranes of adult nematodes. Polyethylene glycols of various sizes showed protective effects on the nonfeeding larval life stage, as well as in hemolytic activity assays, suggesting that discrete pores are formed in the membrane surfaces by cyclotides and that these can be blocked by polyethylene glycols of appropriate size. This increased permeability is consistent with recently reported effects of cyclotides on membranes in which kalata B1 was demonstrated to form pores and cause leakage of vesicle/cellular contents. Our data, together with known size constraints on the movement of permeants across nematode cuticle layers, suggest that one action of the cyclotides involves an interaction with the lipid-rich epicuticle layer at the surface of the worm.
Alternative Econometric Estimates of the Effect of Advertising on the Demand for Alcoholic Beverages in the United Kingdom (1985)

Using, for the first time, a system-wide approach to analysing the impact of brand advertising on generic demand and applying this new technique to the UK market for alcoholic beverages, the author finds that wine advertising has a significant impact but that spirits advertising has none.
Design strategies for optimal multiplier circuits (2002)

We present new design and analysis techniques for the synthesis of fast parallel multiplier circuits. V.G. Oklobdzija, D. Villeger, and S.S. Lui (1995) suggested a new approach, the three dimensional method (TDM), for partial product reduction tree (PPRT) design that produces multipliers which outperform the current best designs. The goal of TDM is to produce a minimum delay PPRT using full adders. This is done by carefully modelling the relationship of the output delays to the input delays an an adder, and then interconnecting the adders in a globally optimal way. Oklobdzija, et. al. suggested a good heuristic for finding the optimal PPRT, but no proofs about the performance of this heuristic were given. We provide a formal characterization of optimal PPRT circuits and prove a number of properties about them. For the problem of summing a set of input bits within the minimum delay, we present an algorithm that produces a minimum delay circuit in time linear in the size of the inputs. Our techniques allow us to prove tight lower bounds on multiplier circuit delays. These results are combined to create a program which finds optimal TDM multiplier designs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
In search of CurveSwap: Measuring elliptic curve implementations in the wild. (2018)

We survey elliptic curve implementations from several vantage points. We perform internet-wide scans for TLS on a large number of ports, as well as SSH and IPsec to measure elliptic curve support and implementation behaviors, and collect passive measurements of client curve support for TLS. We also perform active measurements to estimate server vulnerability to known attacks against elliptic curve implementations, including support for weak curves, invalid curve attacks, and curve twist attacks. We estimate that 1.53% of HTTPS hosts, 0.04% of SSH hosts, and 4.04% of IKEv2 hosts that support elliptic curves do not perform curve validity checks as specified in elliptic curve standards. We describe how such vulnerabilities could be used to construct an elliptic curve parameter downgrade attack called CurveSwap for TLS, and observe that there do not appear to be combinations of weak behaviors we examined enabling a feasible CurveSwap attack in the wild. We also analyze source code for elliptic curve implementations, and find that a number of libraries fail to perform point validation for JSON Web Encryption, and find a flaw in the Java and NSS multiplication algorithms.
Investigation of Mechanisms Contributing to Slow Desorption of Hydrophobic Organic Compounds from Mineral Solids (1999)

This research investigates the mechanisms contributing to the slow desorption of hydrophobic organic compounds from water-saturated mineral solids. The mechanisms investigated were adsorption-retarded aqueous diffusion, micropore diffusion, high-energy micropore adsorption, and micropore blockage by precipitated minerals. To reduce the potential confounding effects of adsorbent heterogeneity, a set of homogeneous silica gel and glass bead adsorbents were used in the investigation. Desorption rates for the slow-desorbing fractions of chloroform (CF), trichloroethylene (TCE), and perchloroethylene (PCE) from silica gel did not conform to the pore-diffusion model for adsorption-retarded aqueous diffusion. This indicated that diffusion through adsorbent mesopores was not responsible for slow desorption from silica gel. Micropore-diffusion modeling of TCE desorption from three silica gels and microporous glass beads indicated that pores less than 2 nm in diameter were responsible for slow desorption. Desorption rates for CF, TCE, and PCE from silica gel were also measured in methanol solutions. Under methanol extraction conditions, desorption rates for all three compounds were 1−2 orders of magnitude less than under water-saturated conditions. This indicated that high-energy adsorption was not responsible for the slow-desorbing fraction, and suggested that mineral precipitation leads to blockage of intragranular micropores. The activation energy for TCE desorption from water-saturated silica gel was measured using temperature-programmed desorption. The TCE desorption activation energy of 15 kJ/mol was close to the dissolution enthalpy for silica gel of 13 kJ/mol. This supported the hypothesis that micropore blockage by precipitated minerals may be limiting contaminant desorption rates under water-saturated conditions.
Genetic Characterization and Heterologous Expression of Brochocin-C, an Antibotulinal, Two-Peptide Bacteriocin Produced by <i>Brochothrix campestris</i> ATCC 43754 (1998)

Brochocin-C, produced by Brochothrix campestris ATCC 43754, is active against many strains of the closely related meat spoilage organism Brochothrix thermosphacta and a wide range of other gram-positive bacteria, including spores of Clostridium botulinum. Purification of the active compound and genetic characterization of brochocin-C revealed that it is a chromosomally encoded, two-peptide nonlantibiotic bacteriocin. Both peptides of brochocin-C are ribosomally synthesized as prepeptides that are typical of class II bacteriocins. They are cleaved following Gly-Gly cleavage sites to yield the mature peptides, BrcA and BrcB, containing 59 and 43 amino acids, respectively. Fusion of the nucleotides encoding the signal peptide of the bacteriocin divergicin A in front of the structural genes for either BrcA or BrcB allowed independent expression of each component by the general protein secretion pathway. This revealed the two-component nature of brochocin-C and the necessity for both peptides for activity. A 53-amino-acid peptide encoded downstream of brcB functions as the immunity protein (BrcI) for brochocin-C. In addition, the cloned chromosomal fragment revealed open reading frames downstream of brcI, designated brcT and brcD, that encode proteins with homology to ATP-binding cassette translocator and accessory proteins, respectively, involved in the secretion of Gly-Gly-type bacteriocins.
Balanced SiGe PA Module for Multi-Band and Multi-Mode Cellular-Phone Applications (2008)

In this paper, the integration of a MM (GSM/EDGE/WCDMA) MB (850/900MHz, 1800/1900/2100MHz) 50 Omega-matched isolator-less flip-chip PAs, capable of envelope and power tracking operation, is discussed. The PAs are integrated in a 0.25 mum SiGe technology and are soldered on a 4-layer substrate. The system is hosted in a 6 x 8 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> plastic module.
Bactericidal activity of human lysozyme, muramidase-inactive lysozyme, and cationic polypeptides against Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus faecalis: inhibition by chitin oligosaccharides (1985)

The basis of the bactericidal activity of human lysozyme against Streptococcus sanguis was studied. Experiments were designed to evaluate the role of lysozyme muramidase activity in its bactericidal potency. Inactivation of the muramidase activity of lysozyme was achieved by reduction of essential disulfides with dithiothreitol (DTT) or by incubation with the chitin oligosaccharides chitotriose and chitobiose. Muramidase-inactive lysozyme, prepared by reduction with DTT, was equal in bactericidal potency to native lysozyme. Solutions of native chicken egg white lysozyme and human lysozyme exhibited equal bactericidal potency yet differed ca. fourfold with respect to lytic (muramidase) activity. The above results suggested that the bactericidal activity of lysozyme is not dependent upon muramidase activity. Chitotriose and chitobiose were found to inhibit both lytic and bactericidal activities of lysozyme. The bactericidal activity of muramidase-inactive lysozyme (reduction with DTT) was also inhibited by chitotriose and chitobiose. Further investigations demonstrated that chitotriose and chitobiose were also potent inhibitors of the bactericidal activity of the cationic homopolypeptides poly-L-arginine and poly-D-lysine. These latter results suggested that the essential bactericidal property of lysozyme was its extreme cationic nature and that some bacterial endogenous activities, inhibitable by chitotriose and chitobiose, were essential for expression of the bactericidal activity of either native or muramidase-inactive lysozyme or of the cationic homopolypeptides. Experiments with Streptococcus faecalis whole cells, cell walls, and crude autolysin preparations implicated endogenous autolytic muramidases as the bacterial targets of chitotriose and chitobiose. The essentially identical responses of S. sanguis and S. faecalis to chitotriose in bactericidal assays with muramidase-inactive lysozyme and polylysine suggested that muramidase-like enzymes exist in S. sanguis and, furthermore, play an essential role in cationic protein-induced loss of viability of the oral microbe.
A hybrid propulsion system for a high-endurance UAV: configuration selection, aerodynamic study, and gas turbine bench tests (2014)

In recent years, renewed interest in the development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has led to a wide range of interesting applications in reconnaissance and surveillance. In these missions, the noise produced by propeller-driven UAVs is a major drawback, which can be partially solved by installing an electric motor to drive the propeller. While the evolution of high performance brushless motors makes electric propulsion particularly appealing, at least for small and medium UAVs, all electric propulsion systems developed to date are penalized by the limited range and endurance that can be provided by a reasonably sized battery pack. In this paper we propose a hybrid propulsion system based on a recently developed ultramicro gas–turbine (UMGT), which can be used to power an electric generator, providing a significant range and (or) mission time extension. The UMGT is undergoing operational testing in our laboratory, to identify the most suitable configuration and to improve performance: a new compact regenerative combustion chamber was developed and several tests are being carried out to reduce its weight and size so as to increase, all other things being equal, the vehicle payload. This paper aims to propose a high endurance UAV, by a preliminary configuration selection and aerodynamic study of its performance.
Brain stimulation in posttraumatic stress disorder (2011)

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex, heterogeneous disorder that develops following trauma and often includes perceptual, cognitive, affective, physiological, and psychological features. PTSD is characterized by hyperarousal, intrusive thoughts, exaggerated startle response, flashbacks, nightmares, sleep disturbances, emotional numbness, and persistent avoidance of trauma-associated stimuli. The efficacy of available treatments for PTSD may result in part from relief of associated depressive and anxiety-related symptoms in addition to treatment of core symptoms that derive from reexperiencing, numbing, and hyperarousal. Diverse, heterogeneous mechanisms of action and the ability to act broadly or very locally may enable brain stimulation devices to address PTSD core symptoms in more targeted ways. To achieve this goal, specific theoretical bases derived from novel, well-designed research protocols will be necessary. Brain stimulation devices include both long-used and new electrical and magnetic devices. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and Cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) have both been in use for decades; transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), magnetic seizure therapy (MST), deep brain stimulation (DBS), transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) have been developed recently, over approximately the past twenty years. The efficacy of brain stimulation has been demonstrated as a treatment for psychiatric and neurological disorders such as anxiety (CES), depression (ECT, CES, rTMS, VNS, DBS), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (DBS), essential tremor, dystonia (DBS), epilepsy (DBS, VNS), Parkinson Disease (DBS), pain (CES), and insomnia (CES). To date, limited data on brain stimulation for PTSD offer only modest guidance. ECT has shown some efficacy in reducing comorbid depression in PTSD patients but has not been demonstrated to improve most core PTSD symptoms. CES and VNS have shown some efficacy in reducing anxiety, findings that may suggest possible utility in relieving PTSD-associated anxiety. Treatment of animal models of PTSD with DBS suggests potential human benefit. Additional research and novel treatment options for PTSD are urgently needed. The potential usefulness of brain stimulation in treating PTSD deserves further exploration.
WATMnet: a prototype wireless ATM system for multimedia personal communication (2002)

A prototype microcellular wireless ATM network (WATMnet) capable of providing integrated multimedia communication services to mobile terminals is described in this paper. The experimental system's hardware consists of laptop computers (NEC Versa-M) with WATMnet interface cards, multiple VME/i960 processor-based WATMnet base stations, and a mobility-enhanced local-area ATM switch. The prototype wireless network interface cards operate at peak bit-rates up to 8 Mbps, using low-power 2.4 GHz ISM-band modems. Wireless network protocols at the portable terminal and base station interfaces support ABR, VBR and CBR transport services compatible with ATM using a dynamic TDMA/TDD MAC protocol for channel sharing and data link control (DLC) protocol for error recovery. A custom wireless control protocol is also implemented between the portable and base units for support of radio link related functions such as user registration and handoff. All network entities including the portable, base and switch use a mobility-enhanced version of ATM ("Q.2931+") signaling for switched virtual circuit (SVC) connection control functions, including handoff. Early experiments with the WATMnet prototype have been conducted to validate major protocol and software aspects, including DLC, wireless control and mobility signaling for handoff. Selected network-based multimedia/video applications operating at moderate bit-rates (-0.5-1 Mbps) in ABR/AALS/TCP mode have been successfully demonstrated on the laptop PC.
Small Molecule Antagonists of the σ-1 Receptor Cause Selective Release of the Death Program in Tumor and Self-Reliant Cells and Inhibit Tumor Growth <b> <i>in Vitro</i> </b> and <b> <i>in Vivo</i> </b> (2004)

The acquisition of resistance to apoptosis, the cell's intrinsic suicide program, is essential for cancers to arise and progress and is a major reason behind treatment failures. We show in this article that small molecule antagonists of the sigma-1 receptor inhibit tumor cell survival to reveal caspase-dependent apoptosis. sigma antagonist-mediated caspase activation and cell death are substantially attenuated by the prototypic sigma-1 agonists (+)-SKF10,047 and (+)-pentazocine. Although several normal cell types such as fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and even sigma receptor-rich neurons are resistant to the apoptotic effects of sigma antagonists, cells that can promote autocrine survival such as lens epithelial and microvascular endothelial cells are as susceptible as tumor cells. Cellular susceptibility appears to correlate with differences in sigma receptor coupling rather than levels of expression. In susceptible cells only, sigma antagonists evoke a rapid rise in cytosolic calcium that is inhibited by sigma-1 agonists. In at least some tumor cells, sigma antagonists cause calcium-dependent activation of phospholipase C and concomitant calcium-independent inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase pathway signaling. Systemic administration of sigma antagonists significantly inhibits the growth of evolving and established hormone-sensitive and hormone-insensitive mammary carcinoma xenografts, orthotopic prostate tumors, and p53-null lung carcinoma xenografts in immunocompromised mice in the absence of side effects. Release of a sigma receptor-mediated brake on apoptosis may offer a new approach to cancer treatment.
ISOTROPIC NEGATIVE THERMAL EXPANSION (1998)

▪ Abstract Materials that contract on heating are unusual and have important applications. Materials showing such negative thermal expansion behavior are usually anisotropic and usually exhibit this behavior over only a small temperature range. The zirconium tungstate family is unique in showing strong negative thermal expansion over a broad temperature range.