gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Competitive exclusion of salmonellas from the chick caecum using a defined mixture of bacterial isolates from the caecal microflora of an adult bird (1982)

Colonization of the caeca of newly hatched chicks by Salmonella typhimurium was prevented by oral administration of a mixture of cultures comprising 48 different bacterial strains originating from an adult bird known to be free from salmonellas. The treatment conferred protection to the same degree as that obtained previously with a suspension of adult caecal contents or an undefined anaerobic culture from the same source and was demonstrated in four separate laboratory trials. Examination of the caecal microflora of chicks one day after being given the protective treatment showed that the presence of high levels of lactobacilli and Bacteroides spp. which are not found usually at two days of age in chicks produced under commercial conditions was indicative of the successful establishment of an adult-type microflora. Although the usual method of administering the protective organisms was to dose the chicks directly into the crop, it was also found possible to incorporate the organisms in the drinking water given to the birds at dilutions up to one in five, the maximum tested. When chicks were given the bacterial mixture via the crop and fed on a diet containing 10 mg kg-1 nitrovin and 100 mg kg-1 monensin, the bacteroides failed to establish in the caeca and the birds were not protected against salmonella colonization. However, when the bacterial cultures were incorporated in the drinking water and the chicks given the same feed, normal protection was obtained; possible reasons for these observations are discussed.
Persistent photoconductivity in highly porous ZnO films (2007)

ZnO and ZnO-dye hybrid films prepared by electrochemical deposition are highly porous if fabricated in the presence of structure directing agents and they can easily be sensitized by various molecules. If the material is sensitized with the appropriate molecules, it becomes interesting for various sensor applications, i.e., gas sensors and biosensors, or as an electrode material for solar energy conversion in dye sensitized solar cells. In the present work, the focus is on dye sensitized ZnO as a model system. The long term photoconductivity transients have been investigated in such kind of material. Upon excitation with different wavelengths, the conductivity increases already under sub-band-gap illumination due to widely distributed trap states within the band gap. The slow photoconductivity transients follow a stretched exponential law if the illumination is rapidly changing in a dry atmosphere. The underlying mechanism of persistent photoconductivity can be attributed to a lattice relaxation process of surface states, immediately after electrons have been photoexcited into distributed surface states located inside the band gap of the ZnO thin film.
Approximate Algorithms for the 0/1 Knapsack Problem (1975)

A serms of increasingly accurate algorithms to obtain approximate solutions to the 0/1 one-dlmensmnal knapsack problem :s presented Each algorithm guarantees a certain minimal closeness to the optimal solution value The approximate algorithms are of polynomml time complexity and reqmre only linear storage Computatmnal expermnce with these algorithms is also presented
Enzyme Fingerprints by Fluorogenic and Chromogenic Substrate Arrays (2001)

Die Differenzierung unterschiedlicher Enzyme einer Klasse gelingt durch Auftragung der relativen Geschwindigkeiten der Reaktion eines Enzyms mit einer Reihe von chromogenen oder fluorogenen Enzymsubstraten in Form einer Anordnung von Graustufen-Quadraten (siehe Schema). Die charakteristischen Enzym-Fingerprints für hydrolysekatalysierende Enzyme wie Lipasen, Esterasen, Amidasen und Epoxid-Hydrolasen sind reproduzierbar und Enzym-spezifisch. Solche Fingerprints können in der Qualitätskontrolle, der Chargenidentifizierung sowie als Screening-Werkzeug für die Entdeckung neuer Enzyme verwendet werden.
ChemInform Abstract: 11,21‐Bisphenyl‐19‐norpregnane Derivatives are Selective Antiglucocorticoids. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Thermal acid-catalysed rearrangements of natural chrysanthemic acids (1977)

Treatment of trans-chrysanthemic acid (1) with pyridine hydrochloride at 210 °C leads to (E)-2-isopropylidene-5-rnethylhex-3-enoic acid (3)(22%) and to a mixture of neutral products (55%) containing (E)-2,6-dimethylhepta-2,4-diene (4), three butanolides [(5), (6), and (8)], and a pentenolide (7). The conversions (1)→(3) and (1)→(4) proceed with cleavage of the cyclopropane 2,3-bond via a thermal homodienyl 1,5 H-shift, leading to a dienoic acid intermediate (11), followed by decarboxylation [to (4)] and isomerisation [to (3)]; the dienoic acid (3) is converted further into the butanolide (6). The butanolide (8) and the pentenolide (7) result from cleavage of the cyclopropane 1,2-bond. Separate treatment of the butanolide (8) with pyridine hydrochloride leads to a mixture of isomeric pentenolides (7) and (13). Cleavage of the cylcopropane 1,3-bond in (1) accounts for the formation of the butanolide (5).The principal neutral products from the thermal decomposition of chrysanthemumdicarboxylic acid (2) are shown to be a cyclohexadienone (19), 2,6-dimethylphenol (21), a pentenolide (20), and a butanolide (22). The conversion (2)→(19) takes place via acid-catalysed cyclodehydration of an intermediate (Z)-dienoic acid (16), whereas the formation fo the phenol (21) is envisaged as proceeding via demethylation of the methyl ether product (25) of [1,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of the cyclohexadienone (19).
A candidate to replace PID control: SISO‐constrained LQ control (2005)

Abstract It is commonly believed that for single‐input/single‐output (SISO) systems, well‐tuned proportional, integral, derivative (PID) controllers work as well as model‐based controllers and that PID controllers are more robust to model errors. In this paper we present a novel offset‐free constrained linear quadratic (LQ) controller for SISO systems, which is implemented in an efficient way so that the total controller execution time is similar to that of a PID. The proposed controller has three modules: a state and disturbance estimator, a target calculation, and a constrained dynamic optimization. It is shown that the proposed controller outperforms PID both in setpoint changes and disturbance rejection, it is robust to model errors, it is insensitive to measurement noise, and it handles constraints better than common anti‐windup PID. Tuning the proposed controller is simple. In principle there are three tuning parameters to choose, but in all examples presented only one was actually varied, obtaining a clear and intuitive effect on the closed‐loop performance. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung (1995)

In diesem Kapitel wollen wir uns mit Grundbegriffen der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung beschäftigen.
Rescue of ATP7B function in hepatocyte-like cells from Wilson's disease induced pluripotent stem cells using gene therapy or the chaperone drug curcumin (2011)

Directed hepatocyte differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) potentially provides a unique platform for modeling liver genetic diseases and performing drug-toxicity screening in vitro. Wilson's disease is a genetic disease caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene, whose product is a liver transporter protein responsible for coordinated copper export into bile and blood. Interestingly, the spectrum of ATP7B mutations is vast and can influence clinical presentation (a variable spectrum of hepatic and neural manifestations), though the reason is not well understood. We describe the generation of iPSCs from a Chinese patient with Wilson's disease that bears the R778L Chinese hotspot mutation in the ATP7B gene. These iPSCs were pluripotent and could be readily differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells that displayed abnormal cytoplasmic localization of mutated ATP7B and defective copper transport. Moreover, gene correction using a self-inactivating lentiviral vector that expresses codon optimized-ATP7B or treatment with the chaperone drug curcumin could reverse the functional defect in vitro. Hence, our work describes an attractive model for studying the pathogenesis of Wilson's disease that is valuable for screening compounds or gene therapy approaches aimed to correct the abnormality. In the future, once relevant safety concerns (including the stability of the mature liver-like phenotype) and technical issues for the transplantation procedure are solved, hepatocyte-like cells from similarly genetically corrected iPSCs could be an option for autologous transplantation in Wilson's disease.
User's manual for estimation of dissolved-solids concentrations and loads in surface water (1987)

Dissolved solids are the sum of the individual dissolved ionic constituents present in water and are a measure of the salinity of water. Salinity of surface water is an important indicator of overall water quality. Ordinarily, however, dissolved-solids concentrations and loads are estimated by indirect methods that are based on periodic chemical analyses. Three computer programs, FLAGIT, DVCOND, and SLOAD, were developed to provide a consistent and accurate method of estimating dissolved-solids concentrations and loads. The programs are written in a data analysis programming language and are used on the U.S. Geological Survey's mainframe computer. FLAGIT retrieves daily values of specific conductance and discharge and periodic water-quality analyses from the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water Data Storage and Retrieval System data base, deletes incomplete data, flags possible data errors, and creates data sets on which DVCOND and SLOAD operate. DVCOND fills in missing daily values of specific conductance, when appropriate, by linear interpolation. SLOAD uses water-quality data to compute 3-year moving regressions of dissolved-solids loads as a function of specific conductance and discharge; the program then applies the regression coefficients to the daily-values data to estimate daily dissolved-solids loads. Dissolved-solids loads are summed by month and by year. Separate regressions are used to estimate the mass fractions of six major ions. The theoretical basis and underlying assumptions of the procedures are presented, with documentation of the programs and their use.
Carbonyl Chlorofluoride<sup>1</sup> (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbonyl Chlorofluoride1J. H. Simons, D. F. Herman, and W. H. PearlsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 8, 1672–1673Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01212a517https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01212a517research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mast Cells in Tumor Microenvironment Promotes the <i>In Vivo</i> Growth of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (2011)

Mast cells play an important role in PDAC growth and development in mouse models and are indicative of poor prognosis in humans, which makes them a potential novel therapeutic target.
FIELD MONITORING OF PIPEJACK CONSTRUCTION (1996)

This paper discusses a continuing research and testing programme, aimed at providing a fundamental understanding of pipe-jack construction. It provides an introduction to the field monitoring of pipe jacking, as part of a major research programme at Oxford University, England. The research aimed to provide a basic scientific understanding of the process of pipe jacking and of the complex interactions between pipe and ground. This has developed a detailed database of improvements in the design, specification, and practice of pipe jacking, and will later lead to less costly solutions, safer construction techniques, and better end products. The paper describes the five types of instruments, developed to meet the research objectives and allow for the practical problems and constraints of working in a pipe jack tunnel. Pre-contract meetings with clients and contractors were very valuable in explaining the research and meeting their needs. The research was strongly influenced by the availability of suitable sites. Observations of pipeline alignment and pipe barrel and joint stresses from a drive through London Clay are discussed.
Modeling of Multi Terminal HVDC Systemsin Power Flow and Optimal Power Flow Formulations (2013)

Nowadays, due to lack of a strong interconnection between electric power systems within EU, there is a concern about the restricted power exchange. On the other hand, one of the factors which results in necessity of improving the level of power exchange is development of renewable energy sources such as offshore wind farms. Multi-terminal HVDC (MTDC) systems are supposed to be one of the cost-effective ways to aggregate a huge amount of renewable energies on one side and on the other side connect it to the main AC system through a common DC network. Possibility of such connections has led to the proposition of a meshed DC grid which connects several renewable energy sources and large AC systems. In order to fully take advantages of such AC-DC systems in the realsize power systems, extensive research has to be carried out to reveal their steady state and dynamic behavior. This thesis addresses different steady state aspects of such hybrid AC-DC systems. In the first part of thesis, we develop a multi-option power flow approach for hybrid AC-DC grids. The main contribution of this approach is that only one additional state variable is added to the AC and DC variables for each slack converter to handle the slack converter losses. Doing so, all AC, DC and converter equations are solved simultaneously. This makes the power flow algorithm much simpler than the sequential approaches where one external iterative loop is assigned to compute the converter losses. Such a high number of iterative loops in the sequential approaches makes the algorithm not only complicated and time consuming, but also unreliable. In the second part of thesis, given the nonconvex nature of Power Flow Optimisation (OPF) problem, a convex OPF formulation for AC grids with embedded DC networks based on the new Line Flow Based (LFB) variablesand in the form of Second Order Cone Programming (SOCP) is developed. SOCPs are a general form of linear programming accompanied by nonlinear constraints in the form of convex cones which can be efficiently solved through Interior Point methods (IPMs).
The <i>A</i>I1−<i>y</i> <i>B</i>I<i>y</i> <i>C</i>III<i>D</i>VI2<i>x</i> <i>E</i>V I2(1−<i>x</i>) pentenary alloy system and its application to photovoltaic solar energy conversion (1979)

This paper reports work on pentenary alloy systems similar to the quarternary system in In1−xGaxP1−yAsy. Such AI1−yBIyCIIIDVI2xEV I2(1−x) and AII1−yBIIyCIVDV2xE V2(1−x) pentenary alloys are mixtures of ternary chalcopyrites of the I-III-VI2 and II-IV-V2 variety. These materials are of interest because their use can improve the performance of heterojunction electro-optic devices such as solar cells. This improvement arises because the pentenaries can permit different semiconductor layers to be deposited upon each other such that they are lattice and crystallographically matched, but at the same time have independently adjustable band gaps. More specifically, we have focused on the Cu1−yAgyInS2(1−x)Se2x system which appears to have the best potential of all the possible systems for solar energy applications. Samples were prepared by reacting stoichiometric powder mixtures at about 900 °C. X-ray diffractometry indicated complete solid solubility over the whole compositional range. Cathodoluminescence was used to determine band gaps at 300 and 77 °K and the spectra indicate that all alloys are direct-band-gap semiconductors. Isolattice constant and band-gap contour maps for the system have been obtained.
Development and Control of a Face Robot Imitating Human Muscular Structures (2006)

When robots communicate with humans, expressions play an important role. This paper explains the design and prototyping of a facial expression robot which imitates human's muscular structures. The feature of this robot is to create expressions based on a human being's muscular structure. It is composed of three structures (the skin, the muscle, and the frame). The facial expression is generated with the contraction of the robotic muscle. The robotic muscle consists of a motor, wires and a urethane sponge. The robotic muscles are controlled based on human's muscle activities to make natural facial expressions
KUNSTMANN (Pierre), Le relatif-interrogatif en ancien français, Genève, Droz, 1990, 546 p. (« Publications romanes et françaises », 191) (1995)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
CastFlow: Clean-slate multicast approach using in-advance path processing in programmable networks (2012)

Multipoint communication is an important requirement for many types of applications such as videoconferencing, IPTV and online radio. However, the division of Internet in autonomous systems hinders the widespread adoption of traditional multicast protocols, which, for using distributed algorithms, delay the group control events processing. This paper proposes a multicast clean-slate approach logically centralized based on programmable networks and anticipated processing for all routes from each possible source, aiming to reduce event delays. A prototype was implemented based on OpenFlow technology. In addition, extensive evaluation was performed and results show promising delays comparable to the requirements of multipoint applications.
MAGNETIC CAPPING LAYER EFFECT OF VERY THIN COBALT FILM ON TbFeCo (1995)

The addition of the magnetic capping layer on the TbFeCo recording layer is effective for improvement in the field sensitivity of MO media. We newly found that a cobalt film works as the capping layer in the case of very thin film with thickness of 0.3-0.5 nm. The ultrathin cobalt capping layer is favorable for media production from the viewpoint of cost and through put of the sputtering process. It is supposed that the change in the magnetic properties of cobalt films with reducing the thickness, such as the decrease of the saturation magnetization, causes the capping layer effect.
Three‐dimensional gravity inversion based on the simulated annealing algorithm for constraining diapiric roots of salt canopies (1999)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1999Three‐dimensional gravity inversion based on the simulated annealing algorithm for constraining diapiric roots of salt canopiesAuthors: Seiichi NagiharaS. Cristina UrizarStuart A. HallSeiichi NagiharaDepartment of Geosciences, University of Houston, S. Cristina UrizarDepartment of Geosciences, University of Houston, and Stuart A. HallDepartment of Geosciences, University of Houstonhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1821025 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1821025FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1999ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1999 Pages: 2061 publication data© 1999 Copyright © 1999 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 04 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Seiichi Nagihara, S. Cristina Urizar, and Stuart A. Hall, (1999), "Three‐dimensional gravity inversion based on the simulated annealing algorithm for constraining diapiric roots of salt canopies," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 370-373. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1821025 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Novel Spirobifluorene- and Dibromospirobifluorene-Based Polyimides of Intrinsic Microporosity for Gas Separation Applications (2013)

Two series of novel intrinsically microporous polyimides were synthesized from 9,9′-spirobifluorene-2,2′-diamine (SBF) and its bromine-substituted analogue 3,3′-dibromo-9,9′-spirobifluorene-2,2′-diamine (BSBF) with three different dianhydrides (6FDA, PMDA, and SPDA). All polymers exhibited high molecular weight, good solubility in common organic solvents, and high thermal stability. Bromine-substituted polyimides showed significantly increased gas permeabilities but slightly lower selectivities than the SBF-based polyimides. The CO2 permeability of PMDA–BSBF (693 Barrer) was 3.5 times as high as that of PMDA–SBF (197 Barrer), while its CO2/CH4 selectivity was similar (19 vs 22). Molecular simulations of PMDA–SBF and PMDA–BSBF repeat units indicate that the twist angle between the PMDA and fluorene plane changes from 0° in PMDA–SBF to 77.8° in PMDA–BSBF, which decreases the ability of the polymer to pack efficiently due to severe steric hindrance induced by the bromine side groups.
Immature Dendritic Cells Suppress Collagen-Induced Arthritis by In Vivo Expansion of CD49b+ Regulatory T Cells (2006)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized APCs with an important role in the initiation and regulation of immune responses. Immature DCs (iDCs) reportedly mediate tolerance in the absence of maturation/inflammatory stimuli, presumably by the induction of regulatory T cells. In this study, we show for the first time that repetitive iDC injections trigger the expansion of a novel regulatory population with high immunomodulatory properties, able to protect mice from collagen-induced arthritis. These regulatory T cells are characterized by the expression of the CD49b molecule and correspond to a CD4+ alpha-galactosylceramide/CD1d-nonrestricted T cell population producing IL-10. Adoptive transfer of < 10(5) TCRbeta+ CD49b+ cells isolated from the liver of iDCs-vaccinated mice, conferred a complete protection against arthritis. This protection was associated with an attenuation of the B and T cell response associated with a local secretion of IL-10. Thus, together these data demonstrate that iDCs can expand and activate a novel regulatory population of CD49b+ T cells, with high immunosuppressive potential able to mediate protection against a systemic autoimmune disease.