gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The density-matrix renormalization group (2005)

The density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) is a numerical algorithm for the efficient truncation of the Hilbert space of low-dimensional strongly correlated quantum systems based on a rather general decimation prescription. This algorithm has achieved unprecedented precision in the description of one-dimensional quantum systems. It has therefore quickly become the method of choice for numerical studies of such systems. Its applications to the calculation of static, dynamic, and thermodynamic quantities in these systems are reviewed here. The potential of DMRG applications in the fields of two-dimensional quantum systems, quantum chemistry, three-dimensional small grains, nuclear physics, equilibrium and nonequilibrium statistical physics, and time-dependent phenomena is also discussed. This review additionally considers the theoretical foundations of the method, examining its relationship to matrix-product states and the quantum information content of the density matrices generated by the DMRG.
c-Src regulates the simultaneous rearrangement of actin cytoskeleton, p190RhoGAP, and p120RasGAP following epidermal growth factor stimulation. (1995)

Analysis of C3H10T1/2 murine fibroblasts overexpressing wild type and dominant negative variants of c-Src has demonstrated a requirement for c-Src in EGF-induced mitogenesis. Correlating with the ability of c-Src variants to potentiate or inhibit EGF-dependent DNA synthesis is the phosphotyrosine content of multiple cellular proteins, including p190-RhoGAP, a protein thought to regulate growth factor-induced actin cytoskeleton remodeling by modulating the activity of the small GTP binding protein, Rho. Because the in vivo phosphotyrosine content of p190 varies with the level of active c-Src and not with EGF treatment, p190 is considered to be a preferred substrate of c-Src. To determine whether tyrosyl phosphorylation of p190 (by c-Src) could influence EGF-dependent actin remodeling, we used conventional and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy to examine the intracellular distribution of p190, actin, and p120RasGAP in EGF-stimulated or unstimulated 10T1/2 Neo control cells and cells that stably overexpress wild-type (K+) or kinase-defective (K-) c-Src. We found that in all cell lines, EGF induced a rapid and transient condensation of p190 and RasGAP into cytoplasmic, arclike structures. However, in K+ cells the rate of appearance and number of cells exhibiting arcs increased when compared with control cells. Conversely, K- cells exhibited delayed arc formation and a reduction in number of cells forming arcs. EGF-induced actin stress fiber disassembly and reassembly occurred with the same kinetics and frequency as did p190 and RasGAP rearrangements in all three cell lines. These results, together with the documented Rho-GAP activity intrinsic to p190 and the ability of Rho to modulate actin stress fiber formation, suggest that c-Src regulates EGF-dependent actin cytoskeleton reorganization through phosphorylation of p190.
ExprGAN: Facial Expression Editing With Controllable Expression Intensity (2018)

Facial expression editing is a challenging task as it needs a high-level semantic understanding of the input face image. In conventional methods, either paired training data is required or the synthetic face’s resolution is low. Moreover,only the categories of facial expression can be changed. To address these limitations, we propose an Expression Generative Adversarial Network (ExprGAN) for photo-realistic facial expression editing with controllable expression intensity. An expression controller module is specially designed to learn an expressive and compact expression code in addition to the encoder-decoder network. This novel architecture enables the expression intensity to be continuously adjusted from low to high. We further show that our ExprGAN can be applied for other tasks, such as expression transfer, image retrieval, and data augmentation for training improved face expression recognition models. To tackle the small size of the training database, an effective incremental learning scheme is proposed. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations on the widely used Oulu-CASIA dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of ExprGAN.
Polyphosphoric Acids As A Reagent In Organic Chemistry (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolyphosphoric Acids As A Reagent In Organic ChemistryFrank D. Popp and William E. McEwenCite this: Chem. Rev. 1958, 58, 2, 321–401Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr50020a004https://doi.org/10.1021/cr50020a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3984Altmetric-Citations153LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pancreatic Islet Cells Express a Family of Inwardly Rectifying K+ Channel Subunits Which Interact to Form G-protein-activated Channels (1995)

Insulin secretion is associated with changes in pancreatic beta-cell K+ permeability. A degenerate polymerase chain reaction strategy based on the conserved features of known inwardly rectifying K+ (KIR) channel genes was used to identify members of this family expressed in human pancreatic islets and insulinoma. Three related human KIR transcript sequences were found: CIR (also known as cardiac KATP-1), GIRK1, and GIRK2 (KATP-2). The pancreatic islet CIR and GIRK2 full-length cDNAs were cloned, and their genes were localized to human chromosomes 11q23-ter and 21, respectively. Northern blot analysis detected CIR mRNA at similar levels in human islets and exocrine pancreas, while the abundance of GIRK2 mRNA in the two tissues was insufficient for detection by this method. Using competitive reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, CIR was found to be present at higher levels than GIRK2 mRNA in native purified beta-cells. Xenopus oocytes injected with M2 muscarinic receptor (M2) plus either GIRK2 or CIR cRNA expressed only very small carbachol-induced currents, while co-injection of CIR plus GIRK2 along with M2 resulted in expression of carbachol-activated strong inwardly rectifying currents. Activators of KATP channels failed to elicit currents in the presence or absence of co-expressed sulfonylurea receptor. These results show that two components of islet cell KIR channels, CIR and GIRK2, may interact to form heteromeric G-protein-activated inwardly rectifying K+ channels that do not possess the typical properties of KATP channels.
Aprepitant – a novel NK1-receptor antagonist (2003)

Recently, a new class of agents, the substance P antagonists, has heralded a novel approach for the control of emesis. Aprepitant (Emend, Merck & Co., Inc.), the first of this class, was recently approved by the FDA for the prevention of both acute and delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). Of interest is the vast array of processes in which substance P is involved such as pain, anxiety, depression and inflammation and the potential wide applicability of substance P antagonists to a number of medical conditions outside of the nausea and vomiting realm. The following review provides an overview of aprepitant including pharmacokinetics, pharmacology and clinical evidence for its use in CINV. A brief discussion of other possible indications for aprepitant will also be presented.
Status of implementation of the first Linear Fresnel solar thermal power plant in the Middle East – WECSP solar project in the Kingdom of Jordan (2015)

The WECSP solar plant is a 1 MWe solar thermal power plant based on Linear Fresnel Reflector CSP Technology developed by French technology provider Solar Euromed. It is designed with a Rankine cycle and ultimately injects electricity into the Jordan local electricity grid. The project site benefits from favorable solar radiaton with a DNI at 2670 kWh/m2/year. Linear Fresnel Reflector CSP Technology, thanks to its light and simple design, is the most suitable technology to provide maximized local value and ultimately reduce capital costs and LCOE of CSP technology [1]. A significant portion of the plant equipments are sourced and manufactured locally, providing know-how and employment opportunities to the Kingdom of Jordan. The project also includes a R&D part with the installation of a CSP laboratory and a knowledge transfer activity. Project stakeholders are building a solid foundation for the deployment of CSP in Jordan which has already launched a vast solar energy development program and in the Middle East where several large scale solar energy deployment programs are being implemented.
.beta.-Lactams. 3. Asymmetric total synthesis of new non-natural 1.beta.-methylcarbapenems exhibiting strong antimicrobial activities and stability against human renal dehydropeptidase-I (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT.beta.-Lactams. 3. Asymmetric total synthesis of new non-natural 1.beta.-methylcarbapenems exhibiting strong antimicrobial activities and stability against human renal dehydropeptidase-IYoshimitsu Nagao, Yunosuke Nagase, Toshio Kumagai, Hiroshi Matsunaga, Takao Abe, Osamu Shimada, Takaaki Hayashi, and Yoshinori InoueCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 15, 4243–4249Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00041a033Request reuse permissionsArticle Views1238Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (991 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
648. Lentiviral Vector Expressing Retinoic Acid Receptor â2 Promotes Regeneration in a Rat Spinal Cord Injury Model (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
After spinal cord injury, axons in the central nervous system (CNS) fail to regenerate resulting in paralysis. The factors that contribute to this regenerative failure include the inihibitory environment at the injury site as well as the intrinsic growth potential of injured axons. Previously we have demonstrated that retinoic acid receptor |[beta]|2 (RAR|[beta]|2), a transcription factor activated by retinoic acid, can induce neurite outgrowth in adult spinal cord explants and promote functional regeneration in a rat model of cervical rhizotomy. Here we investigate the utility of a minimal equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV)-based lentiviral vector expressing RAR|[beta]|2 in stimulating axonal outgrowth in a rat spinal cord injury model. EIAV-RAR|[beta]|2 was injected into the sensorimotor cortex prior to lesioning of dorsal columns in the cervical cord. At 4 weeks after lesion, RAR|[beta]|2-treated animals demonstrated regeneration of descending corticospinal axons up to, and beyond the lesion site, compared to control animals that received an EIAV vector expressing |[beta]|-galactosidase. These anatomical observations correlated to an improvement in task performance in locomotor and proprioceptive behavioural tests as well as an increase in post-synaptic activity below the lesion after electrical stimulation of corticospinal neurons. This suggests that lentiviral-mediated delivery of RAR|[beta]|2 promoted functional regeneration of CNS axons in the injured spinal cord and may thus be exploited as a novel approach to therapeutic applications in the treatment of spinal cord injuries.
The<i>Schizosaccharomyces pombe spo3</i><sup>+</sup>Gene Is Required for Assembly of the Forespore Membrane and Genetically Interacts with<i>psy1</i><sup>+</sup>-encoding Syntaxin-like Protein (2001)

Formation of the forespore membrane, which becomes the plasma membrane of spores, is an intriguing step in the sporulation of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Here we report two novel proteins that localize to the forespore membrane. spo3(+) encodes a potential membrane protein, which was expressed only during sporulation. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion revealed that Spo3 localized to the forespore membrane. The spo3 disruptant was viable and executed meiotic nuclear divisions as efficiently as the wild type but did not form spores. One of the spo3 alleles, spo3-KC51, was dose-dependently suppressed by psy1(+), which encodes a protein similar to mammalian syntaxin-1A, a component of the plasma membrane docking/fusion complex. psy1(+) was essential for vegetative growth, and its transcription was enhanced during sporulation. As expected, Psy1 localized to the plasma membrane during vegetative growth. Interestingly, Psy1 on the plasma membrane disappeared immediately after first meiotic division and relocalized to the forespore membrane as the second division initiated. In the spo3 null mutant, the forespore membrane was initiated but failed to develop a normal morphology. Electron microscopy revealed that membrane vesicles were accumulated in the cytoplasm of immature spo3Delta asci. These results suggest that Spo3 is a key component of the forespore membrane and is essential for its assembly acting in collaboration with the syntaxin-like protein.
Triplex-forming Peptide Nucleic Acids Induce Heritable Elevations in Gamma-globin Expression in Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells (2013)

Potentiating homologous recombination using triplex-forming peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) can be used to mediate targeted sequence editing by donor DNAs and thereby induce functional gene expression to supplant non-functional counterparts. Mutations that disrupt the normal function of the β-globin subunit cause hemoglobinopathies such as sickle cell disease and β-thalassemias. However, expression of the functional γ-globin subunit in adults, a benign condition called hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH), can ameliorate the severity of these disorders, but this expression is normally silenced. Here, we harness triplex-forming PNA-induced donor DNA recombination to create HPFH mutations that increase the expression of γ-globin in adult mammalian cells, including β-yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) bone marrow and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). Transfection of human cells led to site-specific modification frequencies of 1.63% using triplex-forming PNA γ-194-3K in conjunction with donor DNAs, compared with 0.29% using donor DNAs alone. We also concurrently modified the γ-globin promoter to insert both HPFH-associated point mutations and a hypoxia-responsive element (HRE), conferring increased expression that was also regulated by oxygen tension. This work demonstrates application of oligonucleotide-based gene therapy to induce a quiescent gene promoter in mammalian cells and regulate its expression via an introduced HRE transcription factor binding site for potential therapeutic purposes.
REVIEWS CHATEAUBRIAND: Vie de Rancé. Chronologie et introduction par GUYARDMARIUS-FRANÇOIS. (Texte Intégral, 195). Paris: Garnier-Flammarion; London: Harrap. 1969. 183 pp. 6 <i>s</i> . 6 <i>d</i> . (1971)

REVIEWS Get access CHATEAUBRIAND: Vie de Rancé. Chronologie et introduction MARIUS-FRANÇOIS par GUYARD. (Texte Intégral, 195). Paris: Garnier-Flammarion; London: Harrap. 1969. 183 pp. 6s. 6d. D. G. CHARLTON D. G. CHARLTON WARWICK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French Studies, Volume XXV, Issue 2, April 1971, Pages 213–214, https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/XXV.2.213 Published: 01 April 1971
Loop Protection in EVPN networks (2019)

Ethernet Virtual Private Networks (EVPN) is becoming the de-facto
standard-based control plane solution for Data Center and layer-2
Service Provider applications. The risk of loops caused by backdoor
paths accidentally created within the same broadcast domain, is a
general common concern, especially among Service Providers in large
Layer-2 networks. While other layer-2 Ethernet technologies use
Spanning Tree based Protocols (xSTP) to provide a network-wide loop
protection, EVPN has the right tools to detect and protect the network
against loops in an efficient and effective way. This document
describes a mechanism to provide global loop protection in EVPN
networks.
Gated recurrent units based hybrid acoustic models for robust speech recognition (2016)

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have shown an ability to model temporal dependencies. However the problem of exploding or vanishing gradients has limited their application. In recent years, long short-term memory RNNs (LSTM RNNs) have been proposed to solve this problem, and have achieved excellent results. However, because of the large size of LSTM RNNs, they more easily suffer from overfitting, especially for low resource tasks. In addition, because the output of LSTM units is bounded, there is often still a vanishing gradient issue over multiple layers. In this work, we evaluate an architecture called gated recurrent units (GRU) to solve these two problems. In comparison with LSTM RNN, the size of the GRU network is smaller, so this model can more easily avoid overfitting. Furthermore, the output of the GRU is not constrained to be bounded, which helps alleviate the negative impact of vanishing gradients across multiple layers. We propose using deep bidirectional GRUs as hybrid acoustic models and compare the similarities and differences between LSTM and GRU. We evaluate this architecture on the CHIME2 dataset, a robust low resource speech recognition task. Results demonstrate that our architecture outperforms LSTM, relatively decreasing the WER about 6% in the bidirectional case and, when combined with a baseline GMM system, achieves 1.1% absolute WER reduction comparing to a strong baseline mixing system.
[Magnetic resonance tomographic characterization of intracranial tumors by evaluating the blood-brain barrier and regional cerebral circulation]. (1993)

The aim of this prospective study was to characterize intracranial tumors on the basis of the degree of blood-brain-barrier (BBB) disruption and tumor blood flow (TBF). We studied 28 patients with brain tumors by MRI. BBB disruption was demonstrated by a pathological increase of signal intensity in T1-weighted spin-echo images (1.5 T, TR = 600 ms, TE = 10 ms, alpha = 90 degrees) after intravenous gadolinium-DTPA injection. TBF flow was assessed by an MRI-method based on the signal intensity decrease in T2-weighted gradient-echo images (TR = 25 ms, TE = 20 ms, alpha = 10 degrees) immediately after gadolinium-DTPA bolus injection. Typical constellations include intake BBB and low TBF in low-grade intraaxial tumors (astrocytoma I/II), disrupted BBB and heterogeneous TBF in high-grade intraaxial tumors (glioblastomas and metastases), and disrupted BBB and high TBF in extraaxial tumors (meningeomas). This study demonstrates the quasi-simultaneous assessment of the blood-brain-barrier and tumor blood flow. The results support the concept that additional uncorrelated information is obtained from the assessment of regional cerebral blood flow that may be helpful for the differential diagnosis of brain tumors.
Elliptic Phases: A Study of the Nonlinear Elasticity of Twist-Grain Boundaries (2006)

We develop an explicit and tractable representation of a twist-grain-boundary phase of a smectic-A liquid crystal. This allows us to calculate the interaction energy between grain boundaries and the relative contributions from the bending and compression deformations. We discuss the special stability of the pi/2 grain boundaries and discuss the relation of this structure to the Schwarz D surface.
Structures and Properties of an Intermetallic Compound TiAl containing Silver (1984)

By studying an effect of aluminum content on properties of an intermetallic compound TiAl, it was found that the compound of composition near the stoichiometry possesses significant ductility. For further improvement of ductility, it has been intended to design TiAl-base alloys as a dual structure of the compound and any metal phases. Therefore, metals which are able to be equilibrated with TiAl have been explored, resulting in the fact that silver is only one element which satisfies the requirement in the present experimental scope. For the TiAl alloy of stoichiometric composition and those containing silver of 4-50 mass%, relations among heat-treatment, micro-structures and mechanical properties have been examined.Experimental results have shown that the TiAl alloys are promising as heat-resistant materials, because they possess excellent high temperature properties. Although the addition of silver improves the ductility of the alloys, it lowers high temperature strength.
Prolonged impairment of hematopoiesis after high-dose therapy followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation (1995)

Hematopoietic reconstitution has been studied in 180 patients after autologous bone marrow transplantation based on peripheral blood cell (PBC) recovery time and marrow progenitor counts sequentially tested for up to 4 years. Several factors that could influence hematopoietic reconstitution have been analyzed including sex, age, diagnosis, disease status, conditioning regimen, graft progenitor content, graft in vitro purging, and postgrafting administration of growth factors. Before transplantation, marrow progenitor values were normal only for colony-forming unit granulocyte macrophage (CFU-GM) in contrast to colony-forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E), burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E), and colony-forming unit-megakaryocyte (CFU-Meg). After transplantation, as described with allogenic grafts, these values remained low for several years, although PBC counts were nearly normalized within a few weeks. Pregraft values were reached after 2 years for CFU-GM and BFU-E, and after 4 years for CFU-E, while CFU-Meg failed to reach pregraft values after this time. Normal levels were reached after 4 years only by CFU-GM. On univariate and multivariate analysis, the following factors appeared to delay both PBC and marrow progenitor reconstitution: underlying disease (particularly acute myeloid leukemias), graft characteristics such as low stem cell content and in vitro purging, conditioning regimens with total body irradiation or busulfan, and lack of postgraft administration of growth factors. In conclusion, high-dose therapy followed by bone marrow transplantation induces a deep and prolonged impairment of hematopoiesis irrespective of any alloimmune reaction or postgraft immunosuppressive therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)