gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An advanced impingement/film cooling scheme for gas turbines – numerical study (2006)

Purpose The present study aims to conduct a numerical investigation of a novel film cooling scheme combining in‐hole impingement cooling and flow turbulators with traditional downstream film cooling, and was originally proposed by Pratt & Whitney Canada for high temperature gas turbine applications. Design/methodology/approach Steady‐state simulations were performed and the flow was considered incompressible and turbulent. The CFD package FLUENT 6.1 was used to solve the Navier‐Stokes equations numerically, and the preprocessor, Gambit, was used to generate the required grid. Findings It was determined that the proposed scheme geometry can prevent coolant lift‐off much better than standard round holes, since the cooling jet remains attached to the surface at much higher blowing rates, indicating a superior performance for the proposed scheme. Research limitations/implications The present study was concerned only with the downstream effectiveness aspect of performance. The performance related to the heat transfer coefficient is a prospective topic for future studies. Practical implications Advanced and innovative cooling techniques are essential in order to improve the efficiency and power output of gas turbines. This scheme combines in‐hole impingement cooling and flow turbulators with traditional downstream film cooling for improved cooling capabilities. Originality/value This new advanced cooling scheme both combines the advantages of traditional film cooling with those of impingement cooling, and provides greater airfoil protection than traditional film cooling. This study is of value for those interested in gas turbine cooling.
Immune dysfunction, inflammation, and accelerated aging in patients on antiretroviral therapy. (2010)

Patients receiving long-term antiretroviral therapy are at increased risk of age-associated non-AIDS-related morbidity and mortality compared with HIV-seronegative persons. Despite suppressive antiretroviral treatment, inflammation remains elevated and CD4+ count often remains low, with both measures predicting age-associated events. Several factors likely contribute to persistent inflammation and suboptimal gains during therapy. These include residual HIV replication, persistent virus expression, loss of immunoregulatory cells, collagen deposition, microbial translocation, chronic coinfections, and thymic dysfunction. How these factors influence disease outcomes and how chronic inflammation should be managed during therapy are the focus of intense ongoing investigation. Currently, the most practical advice is to start antiretroviral therapy early and to manage traditional risk factors for non-AIDS-related conditions aggressively. This article summarizes a presentation made by Steven G. Deeks, MD, at the International AIDS Society-USA continuing medical education program in Chicago in May 2009.
Integrated multichannel OADMs using polymer Bragg grating MZIs (1998)

We report the first fabrication of Bragg-grating-based multichannel optical add/drop multiplexers (OADMs) in planar polymers. The filters were designed by cascading multiple stages of single-channel multi-/demultiplexers. Each stage consists of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with a Bragg grating across its arms. The 3-dB couplers in each MZI are multimode interference (MMI) couplers. We fabricated the first tapered MMI couplers, which provide compactness. The gratings were printed photochemically, achieving index differences as high as 10/sup -3/ and reflectivities as large as 33 dB. The 3-dB bandwidth is about 0.2 nm. Apodization was used to reduce sidelobes in the reflection spectrum. Four-channel OADMs were produced and exhibited the proper 400-GHz channel separation and ITU grid wavelength alignment, as well as excellent channel isolation and uniform channel response.
Contact dermatitis of the vulva (2004)

Vulvar diseases rarely stand alone. They are often caused or worsened by primary irritant or allergic contact dermatitis, and this should be considered when evaluating any vulvar complaint. All irritants should be avoided in all women, and those with vulvar dermatoses should be patch tested to help define or rule out allergens.
Mammary-Specific Ron Receptor Overexpression Induces Highly Metastatic Mammary Tumors Associated with β-Catenin Activation (2006)

Activated growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) play pivotal roles in a variety of human cancers, including breast cancer. Ron, a member of the Met RTK proto-oncogene family, is overexpressed or constitutively active in 50% of human breast cancers. To define the significance of Ron overexpression and activation in vivo, we generated transgenic mice that overexpress a wild-type or constitutively active Ron receptor in the mammary epithelium. In these animals, Ron expression is significantly elevated in mammary glands and leads to a hyperplastic phenotype by 12 weeks of age. Ron overexpression is sufficient to induce mammary transformation in all transgenic animals and is associated with a high degree of metastasis, with metastatic foci detected in liver and lungs of >86% of all transgenic animals. Furthermore, we show that Ron overexpression leads to receptor phosphorylation and is associated with elevated levels of tyrosine phosphorylated beta-catenin and the up-regulation of genes, including cyclin D1 and c-myc, which are associated with poor prognosis in patients with human breast cancers. These studies suggest that Ron overexpression may be a causative factor in breast tumorigenesis and provides a model to dissect the mechanism by which the Ron induces transformation and metastasis.
Adaptive scratch noise filtering (1993)

An adaptive method for suppressing scratch (impulsive) noise from audio signals is proposed. The algorithm has been developed primarily for the restoration of old phonograph records, but it can also be used for other applications as well. Impulses are suppressed by selectively applying variable length median filtering to contaminated signal regions only, thus minimizing distortion of clean passages and loss of high musical frequencies. The median window length is adaptively adjusted depending on the number of samples in each contaminated signal region. For off-line processing, the algorithm is simple enough to be implemented on a personal computer equipped with an inexpensive sound board. Experiments with old recordings produced restored signals of dramatically improved sound quality. The restored audio signal can be played through the sound board and stored onto an analog recording media such as high-quality cassette tapes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Adaptive recognition of implicit structures in human-organized layouts (2002)

Card-handling using a hypertext editor can be a powerful methodology for the generation of ideas or understanding complex problems. To support such an activity, recognizing the implicit structure in the arrangement of cards would be useful, but, because the structures to be recognized are by nature ambiguous and highly dependent on user-specific perception, it is difficult for a conventional rule-based spatial parsing algorithm to achieve this task. We propose techniques for building a spatial parser suitable for finding such ambiguous structures based on the mechanics of human perception. Moreover, our parser is adaptively customized to reflect a particular user's preferences through an interactive suggestion process, supported by the application of a genetic algorithm.
Synergistic antitumor effect with indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibition and temozolomide in a murine glioma model (2015)

OBJECT Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a key enzyme of tryptophan (Trp) metabolism, is involved in tumor-derived immune suppression through depletion of Trp and accumulation of the metabolite kynurenine, resulting in inactivation of natural killer cells and generation of regulatory T cells (Tregs). It has been reported that high expression of IDO in cancer cells is associated with suppression of the antitumor immune response and is consistent with a poor prognosis. Thus, IDO may be a therapeutic target for malignant cancer. The authors have recently shown that IDO expression is markedly increased in human glioblastoma and secondary glioblastoma with malignant change, suggesting that IDO targeting may also have therapeutic potential for patients with glioma. The aim of this study was to investigate the antitumor effect of IDO inhibition and to examine the synergistic function of IDO inhibitor and temozolomide (TMZ) in a murine glioma model. METHODS Murine glioma GL261 cells and human glioma U87 cells were included in this study. The authors used 3 mouse models to study glioma cell growth: 1) a subcutaneous ectopic model, 2) a syngeneic intracranial orthotopic model, and 3) an allogenic intracranial orthotopic model. IDO inhibition was achieved via knockdown of IDO in GL261 cells using short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and through oral administration of the IDO inhibitor, 1-methyl-l-tryptophan (1-MT). Tumor volume in the subcutaneous model and survival time in the intracranial model were evaluated. RESULTS In the subcutaneous model, oral administration of 1-MT significantly suppressed tumor growth, and synergistic antitumor effects of 1-MT and TMZ were observed (p < 0.01). Mice containing intracranially inoculated IDO knockdown cells had a significantly longer survival period as compared with control mice (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that IDO expression is implicated in immunosuppression and tumor progression in glioma cells. Therefore, combining IDO inhibition with standard TMZ treatment could be an encouraging therapeutic strategy for patients with malignant glioma.
Evaluation of Dynamic Parameters for Underdamped Grinding Machines (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
High performance laser diode integrated with monitoring photodiode (LD+PD) fabricated with the precisely controlled dry etching technique (1996)

The dry etching technique is applied to fabricate the facets of LD+PD. Roughness and tilted angle of the etched facets are /spl plusmn/4 nm and 1 deg. respectively. Current of the LD+PD is 6.5 mA. The aging test demonstrates stable operation of the device.
Rubber elasticity (1981)

The origin of the elastic retractive force; elastic free energy and elastic equations of state; some experimental details and results; the dependence of the stress on elongation; dependence of stress on temperature; dependence of the stress on network structure; other types of deformation; ultimate properties of networks; comments on bioelastomers; and unsolved problems.
Teapot Effect (1957)

When tea is poured from a teapot it often runs along the under side of the spout rather than falling into the cup. Recent experiments have shown that this ``teapot effect'' is not due to surface tension nor adhesion, as many have supposed. Therefore, a new explanation is presented which is based upon certain exact solutions of the hydrodynamic equations and which seems to account for the effect. In connection with the analysis some new fluid flows with free boundaries are obtained. In addition a method more satisfactory than the usual one is used to study the stability of these flows.
Regret for expected improvement over the best-observed value and stopping condition (2017)

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a sample-efficient method for global optimization of expensive, noisy, black-box functions using probabilistic methods. The performance of a BO method depends on its selection strategy through the acquisition function. Expected improvement (EI) is one of the most widely used acquisition functions for BO that finds the expectation of the improvement function over the incumbent. The incumbent is usually selected as the best-observed value so far,\ntermed as ymax (for the maximizing problem). Recent work has studied the convergence rate for EI under some mild assumptions or zero noise of observations. Especially, the work of Wang and de Freitas (2014) has derived the sublinear regret for EI under a stochastic noise. However, due to the difficulty in stochastic noise setting and to make the convergent proof feasible, they use an alternative choice for the incumbent as the maximum of the Gaussian process predictive mean, µmax. This modification makes the algorithm computationally inefficient because it requires an additional global optimization step to estimate µmax that is costly and may be inaccurate. To address this issue, we derive a sublinear convergence rate for EI using the commonly used ymax. Moreover, our\nanalysis is the first to study a stopping criteria for EI to prevent unnecessary evaluations. Our analysis complements the results of Wang and de Freitas (2014) to theoretically cover two incumbent settings for EI. Finally, we demonstrate empirically that EI using ymax is both more computationally efficiency and more accurate than EI using µmax.
SGML Application Development: Tradeoffs and Choices (1996)

Developing SGML applications involves making choices driven by end user requirements and by the availability and functionality of third party SGML parsers, authoring tools, search engines, browsers, and data converters. Capabilities of HTML and the World Wide Web should factor into these decisions as well if users are geographically dispersed or have diverse computing platforms. SGML application developers typically build some or all of the following components: a DTD; legacy data conversion tools; a DTD-tailored authoring environment; a document repository; browsing and searching interfaces; and tools for producing formatted output. For each component, we discuss design and implementation alternatives, the approach we decided to use in building our SGML environment for authoring and accessing STEP product data exchange standards, and our rationale for choosing that approach. Keywords : SGML; STEP; DTD; data conversion; authoring; search engine; formatting; Tcl; HTML Trade names an...
The Art of Maturity Modeling. Part 2: Alternative Models and Sensitivity Analysis {1} (1992)

The sensitivity of exploration decisions to variations in several input parameters for maturity modeling was examined for the MITI Rumoi well, Hokkaido, Japan. Decisions were almost completely insensitive to uncertainties about formation age and erosional removal across some unconformities, but were more sensitive to changes in removal during unconformities which occurred near maximum paleotemperatures. Exploration decisions were not very sensitive to the choice of a particular kinetic model for hydrocarbon generation. Uncertainties in kerogen type and the kinetics of different kerogen types are more serious than differences among the various kinetic models. Results of modeling using the TTI method were unsatisfactory. Thermal history and timing and amount of hydrocarbon generation estimated or calculated using the TTI method were greatly different from those obtained using a purely kinetic model. We strongly recommend use of the kinetic R[o] method instead of the TTI method. If we had lacked measured R[o] data, subsurface temperature data, or both, our confidence in the modeling results would have been sharply reduced. Conceptual models for predicting heat flow and thermal conductivity are simply too weak at present to allow us to carry out highly meaningful modeling unless our input is constrained by measured data. Maturity modeling therefore requires the use of more, not fewer, measured temperature and maturity data. The use of sensitivity analysis in maturity modeling is very important for understanding the geologic system, for knowing what level of confidence to place on the results, and for determining what new types of data would be most necessary to improve our confidence. Sensitivity analysis can be carried out easily using a rapid, interactive maturity-modeling program.
Berkeley Proton Linear Accelerator (1955)

A linear accelerator is now in use which increases the energy of protons from a 4-Mev Van de Graaff injector to a final energy of 31.5 Mev. The accelerator consists of a cavity 40 feet long and 39 inches in diameter, excited at resonance in a longitudinal electric mode with a radio-frequency power of about 2.1×106 watts peak at 202.5 Mc. Acceleration is made possible by the introduction of 46 axial ``drift tubes'' into the cavity, which is designed so that the particles traverse the distance between the centers of successive tubes in one cycle of the rf power. The proton bunches are longitudinally stable as in the synchrotron, and are stabilized transversely by the action of converging fields produced by focusing grids. The electrical cavity is constructed like an inverted airplane fuselage and is supported in a vacuum tank. Power is supplied by 9 high-powered oscillators fed from a pulse generator of the artificial transmission line type. Output currents are 3×10−7 ampere, average, and 60 μa, peak. The beam has a diameter of 1 cm and an angular divergence of 10−3 radian.
Synchronization of chaotic systems (2015)

We review some of the history and early work in the area of synchronization in chaotic systems. We start with our own discovery of the phenomenon, but go on to establish the historical timeline of this topic back to the earliest known paper. The topic of synchronization of chaotic systems has always been intriguing, since chaotic systems are known to resist synchronization because of their positive Lyapunov exponents. The convergence of the two systems to identical trajectories is a surprise. We show how people originally thought about this process and how the concept of synchronization changed over the years to a more geometric view using synchronization manifolds. We also show that building synchronizing systems leads naturally to engineering more complex systems whose constituents are chaotic, but which can be tuned to output various chaotic signals. We finally end up at a topic that is still in very active exploration today and that is synchronization of dynamical systems in networks of oscillators.
Synergetic localization for groups of mobile robots (2002)

We present a new approach to the problem of simultaneously localizing a group of mobile robots capable of sensing each other. Each of the robots collects sensor data regarding its own motion and shares this information with the rest of the team during the update cycles. A single estimator, in the form of a Kalman filter, processes the available positioning information from all the members of the team and produces a pose estimate for each of them. The equations for this centralized estimator can be written in a decentralized form thus allowing this single Kalman filter to be decomposed into a number of smaller communicating filters, each of them processing local data for most of the time. The resulting decentralized estimation scheme constitutes a unique mean for fusing measurements collected from a variety of sensors with minimal communication and processing requirements. The distributed localization algorithm is applied to a group of 3 robots and the improvement in localization accuracy is presented. Finally, a comparison to the equivalent distributed information filter is provided.
Design and Performance (2003)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Functional Design Input and Output Performance Rate Control Transport and Storage Conclusions References
Nuclear ribosomal DNA phylogeny and its implications for evolutionary trends in Mexican <i>Bursera</i> (Burseraceae) (1999)

The genus Bursera (Burseraceae) is one of the most diversified and abundant groups of plants of the tropical dry forests of Mexico. In order to provide a basis for better understanding of its evolutionary biology, we reconstructed a phylogeny of 57 species and varieties using the nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS1 and ITS2) of 18S-26S and the 5.8S coding region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. We used four species of the allied genera Commiphora and Boswellia and one species of Spondias (Anacardiaceae) as outgroups. Our results support the views that Bursera is monophyletic and more closely related to Commiphora than to Boswellia. The division of Bursera into sections Bullockia and Bursera is also strongly supported by our phylogeny. Several other subclades also had high bootstrap values, especially within section Bursera. We use the phylogeny as a basis for discussing evolutionary tendencies in bark, leaves, breeding systems, and fruits.
<title>New Thin-Film Optical Recording Medium</title> (1980)

The optical properties of a silver-halide based thin film material are described in terms of its possible use as a high-density, read-write-erasable, optical recording medium. Exposure of the initially optically isotropic film to polarized light in the wavelength region, 0.5-0.7μm induces dichroism and birefringence over a broad wavelength regime, 0.4-1.0μm. The film is essentially insensitive to exposure wavelength beyond 0.8μm. The optic axis of the induced anisotropy coincides with the polarization direction of the incident beam. The optic axis can be rotated to any new direction by re-exposure to a new polarization direction of the incident beam. The use of this material as a read-write-erasable recording medium is shown to be possible utilizing a polarized He-Ne laser as the write source and a GaAs (λ-0.82μm) laser as the read source. The reading mode is accomplished through the induced birefringence at 0.82pm where the film is insensitive to further bleaching. The erase mode is accomplished by re-exposing the recorded spot to a 45 or 90° rotation of the polarization direction of the write beam. Specific sensitivity data will be presented.
Midodrine, octreotide, albumin, and TIPS in selected patients with cirrhosis and type 1 hepatorenal syndrome (2004)

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a functional renal disorder complicating decompensated cirrhosis. Treatments to date, except liver transplantation, have been able to improve but not normalize renal function. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt (TIPS) as a treatment for type 1 HRS in ascitic cirrhotic patients, following improvement in systemic hemodynamics with a combination of midodrine, octreotide, and albumin (medical treatment). Fourteen ascitic cirrhotic patients with type 1 HRS received medical therapy until their serum creatinine reached below 135 micromol/L for at least 3 days, followed by a TIPS if there were no contraindications. Patients were assessed before and after medical treatment, as well as at 1 week and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-TIPS with measurements of renal function, sodium handling, systemic hemodynamics, central blood volume, and hormonal markers. Medical therapy for 14 +/- 3 days improved renal function (serum creatinine: 233 +/- 29 micromol/L vs. 112 +/- 8 micromol/L, P =.001) and renal sodium excretion (5 +/- 2 mmol/d vs. 9 +/- 2 mmol/d, P =.002) in 10 of the 14 patients. TIPS insertion in five of the responders further improved renal function and sodium excretion, so that by 12 months post-TIPS, glomerular filtration rate (96 +/- 20 mL/min, P <.01 vs. pre-TIPS) and urinary sodium excretion (119 +/- 15 mmol/d, P <.01 vs. pre-TIPS) were normal, associated with normalization of plasma renin and aldosterone levels and elimination of ascites. In conclusion, TIPS is an effective treatment for type 1 HRS in suitable patients with cirrhosis and ascites, following the improvement of renal function with combination therapy of midodrine, octreotide, and albumin.