gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Packaging Multiple Small Satellites on a Single Launch Vehicle (2025)

This paper presents a survey of packaging methods applied to multiple satellites launched on a single launch vehicle. The launch vehicle is a significant expense in most satellite programs and can equal or exceed the payload costs. Efficiency is achieved by fully utilizing launch vehicle payload capacity and by using larger, lower cost per mass to orbit boosters. A single launcher placing several satellites on orbit saves time and money. The economies of scale gained by launching several payloads from a single launch vehicle creates a need for innovative packaging and separation methods which are reliable, adaptable, and lightweight. A group of small satellites can be packaged on a single launcher in many ways. Packaging methods are influenced by the structure of the satellites (and vice versa), reliability, the number of satellites to be launched, space debris p, and development & manufacturing costs. Several different packaging structures are presented including a variety of stacking methods and hold down structures. The merits and faults of these packaging methods have been compiled using Defense Systems' past satellite design and manufacturing experience as a guide.
Simultaneous photodeposition of rhodium–chromiumnanoparticles on a semiconductor powder: structural characterization and application to photocatalytic overall water splitting (2009)

Simultaneous photodeposition of rhodium (Rh) and chromium (Cr) nanoparticles on a semiconductor powder was examined as a means of constructing active sites for hydrogen evolution in photocatalytic overall water splitting. A solid solution of gallium nitride and zinc oxide (GaN:ZnO) powder that catalyzes overall water splitting with visible light was employed as a semiconductor support. The photodeposition was carried out in aqueous suspension containing GaN:ZnO, (NH4)3RhCl6, and K2CrO4, and used H2O as an electron donor. With increasing concentration of K2CrO4, the valence state of the codeposited Rh species varied from metallic to trivalent, while that of Cr remained trivalent. At intermediate concentrations of K2CrO4, the photodeposits were core/shell-like crystalline nanoparticles consisting of a metallic Rh core and an Rh(III)–Cr(III) mixed-oxide shell. The photocatalytic activity for visible-light-driven overall water splitting (λ > 400 nm) was strongly dependent on the structure of the photodeposits. Comparative experiments using an analogue, modified with core/shell-structured Rh/Cr2O3 nanoparticles, revealed that core/shell-structured nanoparticles consisting of a metallic Rh core were better than Rh–Cr trivalent mixed oxides for enhancing the photocatalytic activity.
Optical super-oscillations: sub-wavelength light focusing and super-resolution imaging (2013)

Optical super-oscillations, first predicted in 1952 and observed in 2007, offer a promising route to optical super-resolution imaging and show potential for manufacturing with light and data-storage applications such as direct optical recording and heat assisted magnetic recording. We review the history and basic physics behind the phenomenon of super-oscillation and its application in optics. We overview recent results in creating optical super-oscillations using binary masks, spatial light modulators and planar metamaterial masks. We also investigate the limits and competitiveness of super-oscillatory imaging.<br/>
Ca<sup>2+</sup>-Dependent Intracellular Drug Delivery System Developed with “Raspberry-Type” Particles-on-a-Particle Comprising Mesoporous Silica Core and α-Synuclein-Coated Gold Nanoparticles (2014)

For the development of an intracellular cargo release system with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN), gold nanoparticles coated with an amyloidogenic protein of α-synuclein were employed to prepare a protein-mediated nanocomposite into the "raspberry-type" particles-on-a-particle (PoP). The PoPs were successfully fabricated only at pH 4.4 by yielding the MSN coverage to 75.3% with 5 nm gold nanoparticles covalently coated with a mutant form of α-synuclein containing a cysteine residue at the C-terminus. The entrapped cargo of rhodamine 6G was shown to be selectively released from PoPs upon exposure to divalent cations including the α-synuclein-specific pathophysiological ligand of Ca(2+). Intracellular uptake of the PoPs preloaded with doxorubicin as an anticancer drug and its subsequent Ca(2+)-dependent release were demonstrated with HeLa cells in the presence of intracellular Ca(2+)-regulating agents. Therefore, the fabrication of PoPs with the self-interactive protein of α-synuclein is expected to serve as a platform technology for preparation of diversified nanocomposites with various nanoparticles and/or bioactive molecules for eventual applications in the areas of theranostics.
Effects of Nondigestible Oligosaccharides on<i>Salmonella enterica</i>Serovar Typhimurium and Nonpathogenic<i>Escherichia coli</i>in the Pig Small Intestine In Vitro (2001)

An in vitro intestinal tissue model was developed for the investigation of bacterial association in the pig small intestine under different dietary regimes. In preliminary experiments, jejunal and ileal tissue was taken from Danish Landrace pigs fed standard diet and inoculated with either Salmonella or nonpathogenic Escherichia coli strains. Higher numbers of salmonellae associated with the ileal tissues, but the numbers did not reach significance. Hence, jejunal sections were inoculated with nonpathogenic E. coli and ileal sections were inoculated with salmonellae in the presence of mannose or commercial nondigestible oligosaccharides (NDO) at 2.5%. There was a significant decrease in E. coli associated with the jejunum in the presence of mannose (P < 0.05). Furthermore, in pigs fed a diet supplemented with commercial NDO at 4% there was a significant reduction in the numbers of E. coli in jejunal organ cultures of pigs fed the FOS diet (P < 0.05). There was a reduction, though not a significant one, in the association of Salmonella sp. to the ileal sections of pigs fed the commercial FOS diet. The feeding of commercial GOS or its addition to organ cultures did not affect E. coli or Salmonella numbers.
Characterization of the prostaglandin biosynthetic pathway in non-small cell lung cancer: A comparison with small cell lung cancer and correlation with angiogenesis, angiogenic factors and metastases (2005)

To investigate the components of the prostaglandin biosynthetic pathway, the characteristics of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1, COX-2, hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase (hPGDS), microsomal prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES), and thromboxane synthase (TXS) were examined for autopsied cases with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Autopsied patients (n=120) with lung cancer were examined, of whom 25 had SCLC and 95 had NSCLC. Immunostaining was performed for COX-1, COX-2, hPGDS, mPGES, TXS, CD34, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and basic fibroblastic growth factor (bFGF). The immunostaining scores of the prostaglandin biosynthetic pathway markers were significantly higher for adenocarcinoma than for SCLC (p<0.0001). In addition, there were significant correlations between two markers of the prostaglandin biosynthetic pathway for cases with SCLC and NSCLC. For NSCLC, the mean immunostaining scores for the prostaglandin biosynthetic pathway markers were significantly higher for cases with high count groups than low count groups for MVD, VEGF and bFGF, except COX-2 and MVD, and COX-2 and bFGF. The mean immunostaining scores for COX-1, COX-2, mPGES, and TXS were significantly higher for cases with more metastatic organs who had NSCLC. Prostaglandin biosynthetic pathway markers may act synergistically and enhance tumor angiogenesis, the expression of angiogenic factors, and metastases in patients with NSCLC.
Expression of chemokine receptor CXCR4 correlates with progression of pancreatic cancer (2006)

14018 Background: Despite many pathophysiological analyses, the process of tumor dissemination of pancreatic cancer remains vague. In diverse other tumor entities, expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been linked to tumor dissemination and poor prognosis. Therefore, we evaluated, if the expression of this chemokine receptor exerts similar effects in human pancreatic cancer. Methods: Expression of CXCR4 was evaluated in 120 patients with histologically confirmed pancreatic cancer and eight different pancreatic cancer cell lines. Expression intensities of tumor samples were correlated with both, tumor and patients characteristics. Results: Human pancreatic cancer samples and cell lines displayed variable intensities of CXCR4. CXCR4 revealed predominantly a cytoplasmatic, and in few specimens an additional weak membranous location. Strong CXCR4 expression was significantly associated with progressed disease as indicated by UICC status (P=0.031) and revealed a strong, yet not significant trend with distant tumor cell dissemination and locally progressed tumors (P=0.08; P=0.11, respectively). Conclusion: Strong expression of CXCR4 by pancreatic cancer is significantly associated with progressed tumor stages. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Spontaneous regression of metastases from melanoma: review of the literature (2009)

Regression of metastatic melanoma is a rare event, and review of the literature reveals a total of 76 reported cases since 1866. The proposed mechanisms include immunologic, endocrine, inflammatory and metastatic tumour nutritional factors. We conclude from this review that although the precise mechanisms remain unknown, some event must trigger the immune system to produce a stronger than normal response that results in regression of the melanoma metastases. Immunologic studies of patients with regression may disclose the underlying mechanisms and lead to new therapies of disseminated melanoma.
A solid-state matrix-addressed display (1965)

Cadmium selenide (CdSe) switches have been devised to control the luminous emittance of electroluminescent cells in a solid-state display. The technique employed makes use of the hysteresis in CdSe to change the resistance of the material to some low value when a switching voltage is applied. In its low-resistance state, the CdSe switch can energize an electroluminescent cell connected in series with it. By wiring the cells in rows and the switches in columns, a display panel results in which each cell-switch combination can be individually addressed by energizing the appropriate row and column. This paper describes the principles of operation and outlines the construction techniques for this display. Performance characteristics of a 100-unit display panel are discussed. This panel, with 20 lines per inch resolution, has been operated with addressing pulses of 25 microseconds duration, providing an output brightness of 20 footlamberts. The construction process is adaptable to mass production, resulting ultimately in low cost. The display has memory thus allowing random access, and operates on very little power. Demonstration of this display represents a significant advancement in the state of the art. This small display possesses the characteristics necessary for development of practical large-area displays.
Excessive conversion and impaired thymic output contribute to disturbed regulatory T-cell homeostasis in AIDS patients with low CD4 cell counts (2013)

Our data suggest that the disturbed homeostasis of Treg cells in HIV-infected patients is probably caused by excessive conversion from nTreg to aTreg cells, and impaired thymic output of nTreg cells. nTreg cells can be recovered by HAART, which was associated with baseline naive CD4(+) T-cell percentages, indicating that reconstitution of nTreg cells may benefit from earlier antiretroviral treatment.
An α-Galactosidase with Hemagglutinin Properties from Soybean Seeds (1982)

Soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds contain a galactose-binding protein which displays two activities: (a) an alpha-galactosidase activity and (b) a hemagglutinin activity. The alpha-galactosidase-hemagglutinin was purified to homogeneity by conventional protein purification procedures and also by affinity chromatography. This protein can be easily separated from soybean agglutinin, the N-acetyl-d-galactosamine-specific lectin in soybean. Further, these two agglutinins show no immunological relatedness. The alpha-galactosidase-hemagglutinin can be reversibly converted by pH changes from a tetrameric form which displays both enzymic and hemagglutinin activities to a monomeric form which displays enzymic activity only. Although both the monomeric and tetrameric forms are enzymically active, they display different pH optima and carbohydrate specificities.
Microactuation based on thermally-driven phase-change (2002)

The authors describe a microactuator based on thermally induced liquid-vapor phase-change in a partially filled closed cavity. A test structure for studying such systems has been designed and fabricated. The cavity is 900 mu m*900 mu m*300 mu m in size with a 600 mu m*800 mu m heater covering the floor of the cavity and elevated approximately 10 mu m above it. These heaters have open diamond-shaped unit cells defined by 12 mu m-wide 3 mu m-thick bulk silicon beams and provide an overall electrical resistance of 3-10 Omega . The thermal resistance is typically 4-6 degrees C/mW so that the heater temperature rises approximately 22 degrees C for input current levels of 25 mA. Using Freon-11 as the cavity fluid with partial filling, very modest drive levels are thus able to sustain a 1-atm pressure rise within the cavity. Overdriving the heaters at 100 mW results in a simulated pressure rise of 1 atm in 40 ms, showing that operation can be rapid as well.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Selective arylation of a silicon-hydrogen bond in o-bis(dimethylsilyl)benzene via carbon-hydrogen bond activation of arenes (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective arylation of a silicon-hydrogen bond in o-bis(dimethylsilyl)benzene via carbon-hydrogen bond activation of arenesYuko Uchimaru, Ahmed Mouneer M. El Sayed, and Masato TanakaCite this: Organometallics 1993, 12, 6, 2065–2069Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00030a016https://doi.org/10.1021/om00030a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views703Altmetric-Citations92LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Traffic design method for large‐scale switched telecommunication networks (1995)

Abstract With the widespread telephone service and the introduction of various services, the scale of the switched telecommunication network is expanding. the adequate traffic design of the switched telecommunication network is important in improving the efficiency of the use of the communication network facilities. This paper considers the large‐scale switched tele‐communication network with various local structures and proposes a method for the traffic design. First, it is intended to simplify the design of the large‐scale switched telecommunication network without introducing the network partitioning or the unrealistic concept. For this purpose, the hierarchical concept composed of the traffic network and the circuit network is introduced. Then, the methods for the network structure design and the traffic assignment are presented for the traffic network and the circuit network, respectively. For the former, the design is considered with the specification by the designer as the minimum requirement for the locally inhomogeneous network structure. A method is shown to realize the whole network as a combination of basic elements. For the latter, the minimization of the number of additions in traffic counter is considered. A detailed algorithm is presented, and the effectiveness is shown through numerical examples.
A simple technique for electroelution of DNA from environmental samples. (1991)

A novel method was developed for the extraction of DNA from environmental material. Soil or sediment samples were encapsulated in agarose blocks and, following treatment with lysis reagents, the DNA was extracted by electroelution.
Low Voltage Operation of Nonvolatile Ferroelectric Capacitors Using Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) Copolymer and Thin Al[sub 2]O[sub 3] Insulating Layer (2009)

We have successfully demonstrated low voltage operation of metal-ferroelectric-insulator-semiconductor MFIS capacitors with polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene PVDF-TrFE/Al 2 O 3 /p-Si100 structures.PVDF-TrFE copolymer thin films thickness of 20 nm prepared by the spin-coating method and annealed at 140C showed good ferroelectric behavior with a remnant polarization of 1 C/cm 2 at a voltage sweep of 4 V. Remarkable reduction in leakage current was realized by introducing a 5 nm thick Al 2 O 3 layer grown by atomic layer deposition.In capacitance-voltage measurements, MFIS capacitors showed rectangular-shaped hysteresis curves, attributed to the ferroelectric material, in which the memory window width was 1.5 V, even at applied voltages of 3 V.
Comparison of Current Interruption and Electrochemical Impedance Techniques in the Determination of Corrosion Rates of Steel in Concrete (1990)

Steel reinforced concrete is a widely used construction material. It is often the material of choice in bridges, parking garages, and marine structures because of its good durability and resistance to corrosion. However, over time, even well designed concrete is susceptible to chloride intrusion from deicing or marine salts or both, resulting in corrosion of embedded steel. By the time corrosion of steel in concrete is readily noticeable, major repairs are often required. A nondestructive means of determining the corrosion rate of inaccessible steel is thus needed. Electrochemical techniques such as polarization resistance are useful, however resistivities of concrete range from 1000 to greater than 30 000 ohm-cm. Furthermore, reference electrodes are usually greater than 25 mm from the working electrode (rebars). Thus, large ohmic electrolyte resistance is present, even at the low current densities associated with steel in concrete, and must be accounted for to accurately measure corrosion rates. In this paper we compare the use of current interruption correction for ohmic resistance to an electrochemical impedance measurement at 20 KHz. In general, we find a good correlation between the two techniques, and demonstrate that substantial ohmic resistances are present.
Characterization of gene-activated human acid- -glucosidase: Crystal structure, glycan composition, and internalization into macrophages (2009)

Gaucher disease, the most common lysosomal storage disease, can be treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), in which defective acid-beta-glucosidase (GlcCerase) is supplemented by a recombinant, active enzyme. The X-ray structures of recombinant GlcCerase produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells (imiglucerase, Cerezyme) and in transgenic carrot cells (prGCD) have been previously solved. We now describe the structure and characteristics of a novel form of GlcCerase under investigation for the treatment of Gaucher disease, Gene-Activated human GlcCerase (velaglucerase alfa). In contrast to imiglucerase and prGCD, velaglucerase alfa contains the native human enzyme sequence. All three GlcCerases consist of three domains, with the active site located in domain III. The distances between the carboxylic oxygens of the catalytic residues, E340 and E235, are consistent with distances proposed for acid-base hydrolysis. Kinetic parameters (K(m) and V(max)) of velaglucerase alfa and imiglucerase, as well as their specific activities, are similar. However, analysis of glycosylation patterns shows that velaglucerase alfa displays distinctly different structures from imiglucerase and prGCD. The predominant glycan on velaglucerase alfa is a high-mannose type, with nine mannose units, while imiglucerase contains a chitobiose tri-mannosyl core glycan with fucosylation. These differences in glycosylation affect cellular internalization; the rate of velaglucerase alfa internalization into human macrophages is at least 2-fold greater than that of imiglucerase.
Inhibition of Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling by Low Molecular Weight Compounds Interfering with ATP- or Substrate-Binding Sites of the TGFβ Type I Receptor Kinase (2002)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) is a potent regulator of cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and migration. TGF-beta type I receptor (TbetaR-I), which has intrinsic serine/threonine kinase activity, is a key component in activation of intracellular TGFbeta signaling. We studied two different classes of TbetaR-I inhibitors, i.e., compounds interfering with the ATP-binding site of the kinase and substrate-mimicking peptides. We found that pyridinylimidazole compounds inhibited TbetaR-I kinase at micromolar concentration. A representative compound, SB203580, inhibited in vivo Smad2 phosphorylation by TbetaR-I and affected TGFbeta-dependent transcriptional activation. Peptides mimicking the TbetaR-I phosphorylation sites at the C-terminus of Smad2 also inhibited the autophosphorylation of TbetaR-I and phosphorylation of Smad2 by TbetaR-I in vitro and in vivo, whereas a similar peptide from Smad5 was without effect. The substrate-mimicking peptide, fused to penetratin, inhibited a TGFbeta1-dependent transcriptional response in a luciferase reporter assay and ligand-dependent growth inhibition of Mv1Lu cells. Thus, the substrate-mimetic peptide is a new type of specific inhibitor of the TGFbeta signaling in vivo.
Biochemical tests for identification of medical bacteria (1976)

Biochemical Tests for identification of medical bacteria , Biochemical Tests for identification of medical bacteria , کتابخانه دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی کرمان
Light as a circadian stimulus for architectural lighting (2016)

Consideration is being given to the adoption of a new metric characterizing light as it affects the human circadian system. Much has been learned over the past couple of decades about light as a stimulus for circadian system regulation, so it is appropriate that these discussions take place. The present paper develops an argument for adopting circadian stimulus as a metric for quantifying light in architectural spaces. The circadian stimulus metric (a) was developed from several lines of biophysical research, including those from basic retinal neurophysiology; (b) has been validated in several controlled experiments; and (c) has been used successfully in a number of real-world applications. Any discussions of new metrics should take each of these foundational points into consideration.