gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The influence of defects on the short-term breakdown characteristics and long-term dc performance of LDPE insulation (2000)

Extruded polyethylene is used as the bulk insulation for ac HV cables because of its high electric resistivity and breakdown strength. Although the material at present has limited use in dc power cables, it is used extensively in submarine optical communication cable systems. This paper reports on the study of the short-term characteristics and long-term performance of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) insulation under dc electric stress. The results are presented in which controlled defects as found in practical systems (voids, metallic and non-metallic particles) were introduced into well-characterized polymer material so that their influence on electrical strength and breakdown mechanisms could be determined. Samples were compression-molded under laboratory conditions and subjected to ramp-to-failure and electrical aging tests at various stresses. Weibull statistics are used to analyze the results. Examination of electrically aged samples indicates an oxidation degradation around the defects due to stress enhancement. From the failed samples a value of n in the inverse power model was estimated. The residual life of aged samples was also examined.
Compact and Highly Efficient Grating Couplers Between Optical Fiber and Nanophotonic Waveguides (2007)

We present high-efficiency grating couplers for coupling between a single-mode fiber and nanophotonic waveguides, fabricated both in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and InP membranes using BenzoCycloButene wafer bonding. The coupling efficiency is substantially increased by adding a gold bottom mirror to the structures. The measured coupling efficiency to fiber is 69% for SOI grating couplers and 56% for bonded InP membrane grating couplers
Electrowetting Properties of Micro/Nanostructured Black Silicon (2010)

This paper reports on the electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) properties of dual rough black silicon (Si) surfaces, produced by pulsed laser structuring of Si wafers and subsequently coating with a thermally grown oxide and a chloroalkylsilane layer. By varying the laser fluence, it was possible to tune the black Si wettability, from hydrophobicity to water repellence, through a systematic and reproducible variation of the surface roughness at micro- and nanoscales. It is shown that a liquid droplet on these surfaces can be readily switched between superhydrophobicity and hydrophilicity by applying moderate external electric fields. This behavior is reversible or irreversible depending on the geometry of the patterned structures and the water repellence characteristics of the different surfaces. The fundamental role of structural and dynamic wettability characteristics on the switching behavior during the EWOD process is investigated and discussed. The results indicate the potential use of dual rough black Si for EWOD applications.
Pharmacokinetic interaction study between ranitidine and metoclopramide. (2004)

The pharmacokinetics of metoclopramide in healthy volunteers was evaluated to determine if previously repeated doses of ranitidine inhibit the metabolism of the gastrointestinal prokinetic drug. Metoclopramide 20 mg (tablets) in combination with ranitidine 150 mg (tablets) were administered to 14 healthy human volunteers in a two treatment study design, separated by 5 days in which the ranitidine alone was administrated in single p.o. doses twice daily. Plasma concentrations of metoclopramide were determined during a 24 hour period following drug administration. Metoclopramide plasma concentrations were determined by a validated RP-HPLC method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with compartmental and non-compartmental analysis. In the two periods of treatments, the mean peak plasma concentrations Cmax were 44 ng/ml (metoclopramide alone) and 49.2 ng/ml (metoclopramide and ranitidine). The time taken to reach the peak, Tmax, was 1.15 hrs, and 1.21 hrs, respectively. The total areas under the curve (AUC) was 314.3 ng.hr/ml and 354.06 ng.hr/ml, respectively. The half-life (T 1/2) was 5.6 hr and 6.7 hr. A statistically significant difference was observed for both AUC and half-life of metoclopramide when administered alone or after 5 days of treatment with ranitidine. The experimental data proved the pharmacokinetic interaction between ranitidine of metoclopramide, and suggest monitoring adverse effects in patients.
Integrin Superfamily (2001)

Abstract Integrins are a superfamily of cell‐surface adhesion molecules formed from eight different β chains and 18 different α chains that assemble as heterodimers to mediate cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions. As sensors of the microenvironment, they control vital cellular functions such as cell growth, differentiation, programmed death and motility, and developmental processes; and in the adult they mediate tissue maintenance, blood clotting and immunity.
Constant-torque thermal cycling and two-way shape memory effect in Ni<sub>50.3</sub>Ti<sub>29.7</sub>Hf<sub>20</sub> torque tubes (2018)

Ni-rich Ni<sub>50.3</sub>Ti<sub>29.7</sub>Hf<sub>20</sub> (at.%) high-temperature shape memory alloy (SMA) tubes were thermomechanically cycled under constant torques. Four loading configurations were examined that consisted of a series of ascending stresses (low-to-high stress from 0 to 500 MPa outer fiber shear stress), a series of descending stresses (high-to-low stress from 500 to 0 MPa), and a series of thermal cycles at a constant stress of 500 MPa, all using an upper cycle temperature (UCT) of 300 °C. The last configuration consisted of another series of ascending stress levels using a lesser UCT of 250 °C. It was found that the descending series trial stabilized the material response in fewer cycles than the other loading paths. Similarly, cycling at a constant stress of 500 MPa for approximately 100 cycles reached near stabilization (<0.05% residual strain accumulation). Transformation shear strains were the highest and most stable when cycled from lower-to-higher stresses (ascending series), reaching 5.78% at 400 MPa. Cycling to lesser UCTs of 250 °C (vs. 300 °C) resulted in the highest two-way shape memory effect (TWSME), measuring over 3.25%. This was attributed to the effect of retained martensite and any transformation dislocations that served to stabilize the TWSME at the lower UCT. Results of this study suggest that different training paths might be used, depending on actuator performance requirements, whether the principal need is to maximize transformation strain, maximize the two-way shear strain, or stabilize the response in fewer cycles.
Etiology and Severity of Liver Disease in HIV-Positive Patients With Suspected NAFLD: Lessons From a Cohort With Available Liver Biopsies (2018)

Among HIV-positive patients with elevated transaminases, a surprisingly high number of patients had nonsignificant changes or even normal histological findings. The prevalence of NAFLD was lower than reported in other series. Use of noninvasive tools with a high NPV for significant fibrosis can help reduce the number of required biopsies.
Inhibiting breast cancer by targeting the thromboxane A2 pathway (2017)

Targeting the estrogen receptor as a strategy has been the gold standard for breast cancer chemoprevention or breast cancer recurrence, but its benefit is limited to estrogen receptor-positive tumors. Cyclooxygenases have been implicated in mammary tumorigenesis. We sought to identify the key prostaglandin responsible for the pro-neoplastic effect of cyclooxygenases and develop prostaglandin-targeted strategies for breast cancer chemoprevention or therapy. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that either thromboxane A<sub>2</sub> synthase 1 or the thromboxane A<sub>2</sub> receptor is highly expressed in human breast tumors as well as premalignant lesions, but not in normal mammary tissues. Clinically, the thromboxane A<sub>2</sub> pathway might be associated with HER2-positive and axillary lymph node metastasis in human breast cancer. We found that the thromboxane A<sub>2</sub> pathway was required for breast cancer cell growth, anchorage-independent growth and invasion capabilities. Importantly, we discovered that switching off thromboxane A<sub>2</sub> biosynthesis effectively suppressed either MMTV-HER2-driven mammary tumorigenesis or breast cancer metastasis in preclinical animal models. Taken together, this study established a critical pathophysiological role of the thromboxane A<sub>2</sub> pathway in breast cancer, and provided a rationale for introducing a strategy targeting thromboxane A<sub>2</sub> for breast cancer chemoprevention and therapy.
A series of six ligands for the human formyl peptide receptor: tetrapeptides with high chemotactic potency and efficacy. (1987)

We recently isolated, from culture fluids of Staphylococcus aureus, a chemotactic peptide that comprised equimolar quantities of methionine, leucine, phenylalanine, and isoleucine. It interacted with the formylmethionyl peptide receptor of human leukocytes and had considerably higher potency and efficacy than the widely studied tripeptide agonist fMet-Leu-Phe. On the assumption that the attractant was a formylmethionyl tetrapeptide, we synthesized the six possible sequences and tested the products for chemotactic potency and efficacy, as well as their capacity to inhibit binding of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled fMet-Leu-Phe-Lys to human monocytes. The concentrations required for inhibition of fluorescein-labeled fMet-Leu-Phe-Lys binding by the six peptides covered three orders of magnitude. Chemotactic potency (concentration that caused 50% of the maximum chemotactic response) ranged from 3.1 X 10(-11) M to 6.4 X 10(-10) M; efficacy (percentage of monocytes migrating at optimal attractant concentration) ranged from 41% to 66%. When the six synthetic tetrapeptides were ranked for chemotactic efficacy, they paired according to the position of phenylalanine. The average percentage migration was 66% for the two peptides with phenylalanine in position 3, 51% for phenylalanine in position 4, and 41% for phenylalanine in position 2. Since the published value for the percentage of human monocytes with detectable formyl peptide receptors is 60%, it is apparent that the two tetrapeptides with phenylalanine in position 3 (fMet-Ile-Phe-Leu and fMet-Leu-Phe-Ile) are full chemotactic agonists, which are capable of inducing migration of all the receptor-bearing cells. This is in contrast to the tripeptide fMet-Leu-Phe, which induces migration of only 50% of monocytes with receptors (efficacy of 33%). Since the chemotactic efficacy of the six tetrapeptides covers a wide range, the series may be useful to investigate signals that lead to directed movement after occupancy of receptors by chemoattractants.
Chemometric Studies for the Characterization and Differentiation of Microorganisms Using in Situ Derivatization and Thermal Desorption Ion Mobility Spectrometry (2005)

Whole-cell bacteria were characterized and differentiated by thermal desorption ion mobility spectrometry and chemometric modeling. Principal component analysis was used to evaluate the differences in the ion mobility spectra of whole-cell bacteria and the fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) generated in situ after derivatization of the bacterial lipids. Alternating least squares served to extract bacterial peaks from the complex ion mobility spectra of intact microorganisms and, therefore, facilitated the characterization of bacterial strains, species, and Gram type. In situ thermal hydrolysis/methylation with tetramethylammonium hydroxide was necessary for the differentiation of Escherichia coli strains, which otherwise could not be distinguished by spectra acquired with the ITEMISER ion mobility spectrometer. The addition of the methylating agent had no effect on Gram-positive bacteria, and therefore, they could not be differentiated by genera. The classification of E. coli strains was possible by analysis of the IMS spectra from the FAMEs generated in situ. By using the fuzzy multivariate rule-building expert system and cross-validation, a correct classification rate of 96% (22 out of 23 spectra) was obtained. Chemometric modeling on bacterial ion mobility spectra coupled to thermal hydrolysis/methylation proved a simple, rapid (2 min/sample), inexpensive, and sensitive technique to characterize and differentiate intact microorganisms. The ITEMISER ion mobility spectrometer could detect as few as 4 x 10(6) cells/sample.
The Role of the Computer in Turbocharger Design Development and Testing (1979)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The design process of turbocharger impellers is recursive, involving several iterations in aerodynamics and stress analysis before finalised drawings may be produced. A comprehensive interface to both forms of analysis is discussed which relieves the designer of tedious data preparation, providing graphical interaction throughout.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This interaction has been extended to the production of NC tool paths for die making and prototype manufacture and the data base created by the design procedure can be accessed for casting inspection.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Finally, use is made of real time data acquisition from test cells to feed the latest empirical data into the design process.</div>
A Fast and Robust Feature-Based Scan-Matching Method in 3D SLAM and the Effect of Sampling Strategies (2013)

Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) plays an important role in fully autonomous systems when a GNSS (global navigation satellite system) is not available. Studies in both 2D indoor and 3D outdoor SLAM are based on the appearance of environments and utilize scan-matching methods to find rigid body transformation parameters between two consecutive scans. In this study, a fast and robust scan-matching method based on feature extraction is introduced. Since the method is based on the matching of certain geometric structures, like plane segments, the outliers and noise in the point cloud are considerably eliminated. Therefore, the proposed scan-matching algorithm is more robust than conventional methods. Besides, the registration time and the number of iterations are significantly reduced, since the number of matching points is efficiently decreased. As a scan-matching framework, an improved version of the normal distribution transform (NDT) is used. The probability density functions (PDFs) of the reference scan are generated as in the traditional NDT, and the feature extraction - based on stochastic plane detection - is applied to the only input scan. By using experimental dataset belongs to an outdoor environment like a university campus, we obtained satisfactory performance results. Moreover, the feature extraction part of the algorithm is considered as a special sampling strategy for scan-matching and compared to other sampling strategies, such as random sampling and grid-based sampling, the latter of which is first used in the NDT. Thus, this study also shows the effect of the subsampling on the performance of the NDT.
Insulin Sensitivity and Lipid Metabolism in Human CD36 Deficiency (2003)

Human CD36 deficiency is not necessarily responsible for insulin resistance. Lipid abnormalities in CD36 deficiency may partly depend on the presence of diabetes, and increased levels of triglyceride and HDL cholesterol may be due to impaired binding of fatty acids and HDL to CD36 and subsequent clearance.
On the Accurate Identification of Active Constraints (1998)

We consider nonlinear programs with inequality constraints, and we focus on the problem of identifying those constraints which will be active at an isolated local solution. The correct identification of active constraints is important from both a theoretical and a practical point of view. Such an identification removes the combinatorial aspect of the problem and locally reduces the inequality constrained minimization problem to an equality constrained problem which can be more easily dealt with. We present a new technique which identifies active constraints in a neighborhood of a solution and which requires neither complementary slackness nor uniqueness of the multipliers. We also present extensions to variational inequalities and numerical examples illustrating the identification technique.
The Mediterranean and Its Security Agenda (2000)

Stephen Blank is professor at the Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College. The views expressed here do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Army, Defense Department, or government.
Endocytosis of native and cationized horseradish peroxidase by cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages. Variations in cell surface binding and intracellular traffic and effects of colchicine. (1981)

Thioglycollate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages were cultivated in vitro and endocytosis of native and cationized horseradish peroxidase was studied electron microscopically and biochemically. Native peroxidase (HRP) was ingested by fluid-phase endocytosis and accumulated in lysosomes. Cationized peroxidase (CHRP) bound diffusely to the macrophage surface in a saturable manner. It was then internalized via membrane folds and transferred not only to lysosomes but also to the Golgi complex, mainly those parts referred to as GERL and positive for acid phosphatase activity. Following initial uptake, surface staining for CHRP was lost, although the tracer remained present in the medium. This indicates that anionic binding sites were internalized together with the ligand and not immediately replaced. Accordingly, continued uptake of CHRP occurred at a rate similar to that for HRP. Exposure of the macrophages to cationized ferritin (CF) decreased their ability to bind CHRP. However, after 2 to 4 h in CF-free medium, the CHRP-binding ability returned and raised to 2 to 3 times higher values than in cells not exposed to CF. Treatment with cycloheximide at a concentration that effectively inhibits protein synthesis did not clearly affect this regeneration. These findings support the concept of recirculation of plasma membrane constituents. They further suggest that there exists an intracellular membrane pool which rapidly exchanges with the cell surface. Colchicine removed cytoplasmic microtubules, caused a characteristic disorganization of the Golgi complex, and inhibited uptake of both HRP and CHRP. Additionally, no transport of CHRP to the Golgi complex or GERL was observed in colchicine-treated cells. The regeneration of surface anions after exposure to CF was also delayed. Contrarily, lumicolchicine was without effect on cell morphology and uptake as well as intracellular transport of the tracers. Nevertheless, the effects of colchicine on endocytosis were not necessarily due to a direct role of microtubules. They could be secondary to a disturbed function of the Golgi complex or other organelles after collapse of the microtubular cytoskeleton.
Performance analysis of a waste-heat-powered thermodynamic cycle for multieffect refrigeration (2014)

A multieffect refrigeration system that is based on a waste-heat-driven organic Rankine cycle that could produce refrigeration output of different magnitudes at different levels of temperature is presented. The proposed system is integration of combined ejector–absorption refrigeration cycle and ejector expansion Joule–Thomson (EJT) cooling cycle that can meet the requirements of air-conditioning, refrigeration, and cryogenic cooling simultaneously at the expense of industrial waste heat. The variation of the parameters that affect the system performance such as industrial waste heat temperature, refrigerant turbine inlet pressure, and the evaporator temperature of ejector refrigeration cycle (ERC) and EJT cycles was examined, respectively. It was found that refrigeration output and thermal efficiency of the multieffect cycle decrease considerably with the increase in industrial waste heat temperature, while its exergy efficiency varies marginally. A thermal efficiency value of 22.5% and exergy efficiency value of 8.6% were obtained at an industrial waste heat temperature of 210°C, a turbine inlet pressure of 1.3 MPa, and ejector evaporator temperature of 268 K. Both refrigeration output and thermal efficiency increase with the increase in turbine inlet pressure and ERC evaporator temperature. Change in EJT cycle evaporator temperature shows a little impact on both thermal and exergy efficiency values of the multieffect cycle. Analysis of the results clearly shows that the proposed cycle has an effective potential for cooling production through exploitation of lost energy from the industry. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phase conjugation by low-power continuous-wave degenerate four-wave mixing in nonlinear optical polymer fibers (2004)

We report on the observation of phase conjugation (PC) using low-power, continuous-wave degenerate four-wave mixing in nonlinear polymer multimode fibers. The fibers are made of poly(methyl methacrylate) doped with Disperse Red 1 as the photosensitive chromophore. With a power less than 2.5 mW at wavelength 633 nm for each beam inside the fiber, a maximum PC reflectivity of 1% is obtained. Phase conjugation is observed for both parallel and orthogonally polarized probe and pump beams. Experimental results show that polarization and intensity profile are preserved in the PC wave. The predominant phase conjugation wave is attributed to the formation of sub-refractive-index gratings inside the fibers.
Homogeneous, Nanoparticle-Based Quantitative Colorimetric Detection of Oligonucleotides (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTHomogeneous, Nanoparticle-Based Quantitative Colorimetric Detection of OligonucleotidesRobert A. Reynolds, Chad A. Mirkin, and Robert L. LetsingerView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanofabrication and Molecular Self-Assembly Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston, Illinois 60208 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 15, 3795–3796Publication Date (Web):April 4, 2000Publication History Received11 January 2000Revised25 February 2000Published online4 April 2000Published inissue 1 April 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja000133khttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja000133krapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4482Altmetric-Citations388LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Biopolymers,Gold,Metal nanoparticles,Nanoparticles,Probes Get e-Alerts
Design of a portable touchscreen interface for powerline domotic systems (2008)

This paper concerns the study and the realization of a portable touchscreen interface designed for the control of domotic systems, in this particular case based on powerline communication. The project is fundamentally thought for disabled people with problems in manual dexterity and mobility, but its functionalities can be exploited also by able-body people. The powerline domotic system has been chosen for its characteristics of versatility, low cost and simplicity of installation, besides the opportunity to be used as an excellent tool in the academic educational field.