gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ca2+ inhibits guanine nucleotide-activated phospholipase D in neural-derived NG108-15 cells. (1991)

We have investigated the regulation of phospholipase D (PLD) activity by guanine nucleotides and Ca2+ in cells of the NG108-15 neuroblastoma X glioma line that were permeabilized with digitonin. The nonhydrolyzable GTP analogue guanosine-5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTP gamma S) caused a nearly sixfold increase (EC50 = 3 microM) in production of [3H]phosphatidylethanol (specific product of the PLD transphosphatidylation reaction). Other GTP analogues were less effective than GTP gamma S, and guanosine-5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) inhibited PLD activation by GTP gamma S. Both basal and GTP gamma S-stimulated PLD activities were potentiated by MgATP and Mg2+. Adenosine-5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) and ADP also potentiated the effect of GTP gamma S, but non-phosphorylating analogues of ATP had no such effect. The activation of PLD by GTP gamma S did not require Ca2+ and was independent of free Ca2+ ions up to a concentration of 100 nM (resting intracellular concentration). Higher Ca2+ concentrations (greater than or equal to 1 microM) completely inhibited PLD activation by GTP gamma S. It is concluded that elevated intracellular Ca2+ concentrations may negatively modulate PLD activation by a guanine nucleotide-binding protein, thus affecting receptor-PLD coupling in neural-derived cells.
Decoupled extended Kalman filter training of feedforward layered networks (2002)

Presents a training algorithm for feedforward layered networks based on a decoupled extended Kalman filter (DEKF). The authors present an artificial process noise extension to DEKF that increases its convergence rate and assists in the avoidance of local minima. Computationally efficient formulations for two particularly natural and useful cases of DEKF are given. Through a series of pattern classification and function approximation experiments, three members of DEKF are compared with one another and with standard backpropagation (SBP). These studies demonstrate that the judicious grouping of weights along with the use of artificial process noise in DEKF result in input-output mapping performance that is comparable to the global extended Kalman algorithm, and is often superior to SBP, while requiring significantly fewer presentations of training data than SBP and less overall training time than either of these procedures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Maternal Antibodies in Breast Milk Protect the Child From Enterovirus Infections (2007)

These results suggest that breastfeeding has a protective effect against enterovirus infections in infancy. This effect seems to be mediated primarily by maternal antibodies in breast milk.
A novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, Ro 46-5934, which interacts with muscarinic M2 receptors (1994)

Conference Article| August 01 1994 A novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, Ro 46-5934, which interacts with muscarinic M2 receptors E. Borroni; E. Borroni * *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar G. Damsma; G. Damsma 1Pharma Division, Preclinical Research, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar C. Giovacchini; C. Giovacchini 1Pharma Division, Preclinical Research, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar V. Mutel; V. Mutel 1Pharma Division, Preclinical Research, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar R. Jakob-Rötne; R. Jakob-Rötne 1Pharma Division, Preclinical Research, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar M. Da Prada M. Da Prada 1Pharma Division, Preclinical Research, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1994) 22 (3): 755–758. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0220755 Article history Received: March 21 1994 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation E. Borroni, G. Damsma, C. Giovacchini, V. Mutel, R. Jakob-Rötne, M. Da Prada; A novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, Ro 46-5934, which interacts with muscarinic M2 receptors. Biochem Soc Trans 1 August 1994; 22 (3): 755–758. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0220755 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: ACh, acetylcholine, AChE, acetyl-cholinesterase, AD, Alzheimer's disease, p.o., by mouth, s.c., subcutaneous administration This content is only available as a PDF. © 1994 Biochemical Society1994 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Human Engineered Cardiac Tissues Created Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Reveal Functional Characteristics of BRAF-Mediated Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (2016)

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a leading cause of sudden cardiac death that often goes undetected in the general population. HCM is also prevalent in patients with cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome (CFCS), which is a genetic disorder characterized by aberrant signaling in the RAS/MAPK signaling cascade. Understanding the mechanisms of HCM development in such RASopathies may lead to novel therapeutic strategies, but relevant experimental models of the human condition are lacking. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop the first 3D human engineered cardiac tissue (hECT) model of HCM. The hECTs were created using human cardiomyocytes obtained by directed differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells derived from a patient with CFCS due to an activating BRAF mutation. The mutant myocytes were directly conjugated at a 3:1 ratio with a stromal cell population to create a tissue of defined composition. Compared to healthy patient control hECTs, BRAF-hECTs displayed a hypertrophic phenotype by culture day 6, with significantly increased tissue size, twitch force, and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) gene expression. Twitch characteristics reflected increased contraction and relaxation rates and shorter twitch duration in BRAF-hECTs, which also had a significantly higher maximum capture rate and lower excitation threshold during electrical pacing, consistent with a more arrhythmogenic substrate. By culture day 11, twitch force was no longer different between BRAF and wild-type hECTs, revealing a temporal aspect of disease modeling with tissue engineering. Principal component analysis identified diastolic force as a key factor that changed from day 6 to day 11, supported by a higher passive stiffness in day 11 BRAF-hECTs. In summary, human engineered cardiac tissues created from BRAF mutant cells recapitulated, for the first time, key aspects of the HCM phenotype, offering a new in vitro model for studying intrinsic mechanisms and screening new therapeutic approaches for this lethal form of heart disease.
Desarrollo del parasitoide Cotesia flavipes Cámeron, 1891 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) en diatraea tabernella Dyar y Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius, 1794 (Lepidoptera: pyralidae), y su efectividad en el control de Diatraea tabernella (2004)

Con el propósito de calcular el tiempo de desarrollo de Cotesia flavipes en Diatraea tabernella y D. saccharalis y su efectividad en el control de D. tabernella, se inocularon 189 larvas de D. saccharalis y 160 larvas de D. tabernella, con el parasitoide C. flavipes, además se liberaron 573180 individuos de C. flavipes en un área tratamiento de 292930 m2 y se mantuvo un área de 71850 m2 como testigo, sin liberación del parasitoide. El ciclo de vida resulto ser más corto en D. saccharalis con 15.93 ± 0.41 días (n=189), que en D. tabernella con 16.99 ± 1.13 días (n=160), (Mann-Whitney, U-test, p=0.0000). C. flavipes alcanzó un porcentaje de parasitismo en el área tratamiento de 8.18 ± 8.01% (n=9), sin reducir el nivel de daño, con un porcentaje de intensidad de infestación de 3.66 ± 1.35% (Mann-Whitney, U-test, p=0.7611). Otro parasitoide de D. tabernella fue encontrado en el campo, Paratheresia claripalpis Wulp, 1896 (Diptera:Tachinidae) con un porcentaje de parasitismo mayor que C. flavipes, de 15.31 ± 5.44% (n=5) y 15.50 ± 2.75% (n=9) para el área testigo y el área tratamiento respectivamente (Mann-Whitney, U-test, p<0.05).
Osmium tetroxide-catalysed oxidation of olefins (1968)

A wide range of olefins are oxidised by osmium tetroxide in aqueous alkaline solution and the OsVIII is reduced to OsVI or OsIV. If the pH is kept in the range 8.5–12.5, it is possible to reoxidise the osmium compound to its initial state with oxygen at atmospheric pressure. Under these conditions osmium tetroxide acts as an oxidation catalyst. Simple alcohols, glycols, glycerol, acetone, and glucose are also oxidised under these conditions; the products are usually oxalic acid and carbon dioxide. Styrene gives benzoic acid and carbon dioxide.
Additional losses in high frequency magnetics due to non ideal field distributions (2003)

Finite-element modeling is used to visualize and quantify four loss mechanisms: leakage fields due to air gaps; orthogonal fields due to the gap between the winding and the window; interactions of windings with half-wave currents; and shield eddy currents. This finite-element modeling effort demonstrates that there are additional losses in high-frequency windings beyond those included in the conventional analysis based on P.L. Dowell's work (1966). These losses may be significant, depending on the particular circumstances. In general it is necessary to model the geometry of interest to determine the additional losses. Two useful rules of thumb appear: space windings at least a distance of twice the air gap length away from the gap and make shield foils thin compared to the skin depth.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Drosophila Telomeres: A Variation on the Telomerase Theme (2008)

In Drosophila, the role of telomerase is carried out by three specialized retrotransposable elements, HeT-A, TART and TAHRE. Telomeres contain long tandem head-to-tail arrays of these elements. Within each array, the three elements occur in random, but polarized, order. Some are truncated at the 5' end, giving the telomere an enriched content of the large 3' untranslated regions, which distinguish these telomeric elements from other retrotransposons. Thus, Drosophila telomeres resemble other telomeres because they are long arrays of repeated sequences, albeit more irregular arrays than those produced by telomerase. The telomeric retrotransposons are reverse-transcribed directly onto the end of the chromosome, extending the end by successive transpositions. Their transposition uses exactly the same method by which telomerase extends chromosome ends--copying an RNA template. In addition to these similarities in structure and maintenance, Drosophila telomeres have strong functional similarities to other telomeres and, as variants, provide an important model for understanding general principles of telomere function and evolution.
Effect of Solvent–Nonsolvent Miscibility on Morphology and Electrochemical Performance of SiO<sub>2</sub>/PVdF‐HFP‐Based Composite Separator Membranes for Safer Lithium‐Ion Batteries (2009)

Abstract As a new approach to improve the thermal stability of separator membranes crucially affecting the internal short‐circuit failures of lithium‐ion batteries, we develop a new composite separator membrane. The composite separator membrane is prepared by introducing microporous composite coating layers onto both sides of a polyethylene (PE) separator membrane. The composite coating layers consist of silica (SiO 2 ) nanoparticles and gel‐type polymer electrolytes (PVdF‐HFP, polyvinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene). The microporous morphology of composite coating layers is determined by controlling the phase inversion, more specifically the solvent–nonsolvent miscibility in the coating solutions. To induce the phase inversion, three different nonsolvents are chosen in the decreasing order of solubility parameter ( δ ) difference against the solvent (acetone, δ = 20 MPa 1/2 ); the non‐solvents are water ( δ = 48 MPa 1/2 ), ethanol ( δ = 26 MPa 1/2 ), and isopropyl alcohol ( δ = 24 MPa 1/2 ). The microporous structure of composite coating layers becomes more developed with the increase of not only the nonsolvent content, but also the solubility parameter difference between acetone and the nonsolvent. Based on this understanding of the phase inversion, the influence of the morphological variation on the thermal shrinkage and electrochemical performance of the composite separator membranes is quantitatively identified. magnified image
Adaptive Video Streaming over CCN with Network Coding for Seamless Mobility (2016)

We consider the benefits brought by network coding in Information-Centric Networks (ICNs) in the case of a video streaming application. Network coding, when combined with ICN, allows a data transfer session to use multiple sources for the content seamlessly. It permits the client fetching the content to use multiple interfaces at the same time in an asynchronous manner, while using their capacity in an additive manner. This allows to create a logical link between the user and the content. In the case of video streaming, this logical link allows the rate adaptation logic to find the proper streaming rate while using multiple links concurrently. We implemented a video streaming system which works using network coding and CCN. We have shown that this implementation performs satisfactorily, and has comparable performance to a system without network coding in the unicast single source, single path case, and delivers significant performance gain (better QoE, higher throughput) when the video client retrieves the stream from multiple concurrent sources. We hope to demonstrate that network coding and CCN provides seamless mobility for a video streaming application.
Application of aldehyde treatments to cardiovascular devices. (1976)

Biolized natural and synthetic materials represent a new class of materials. Aldehyde treatment of natural tissue creates cross-links in the collagen molecules while retaining mechanical strength and collagen structure. Synthetic polymers can also be biolized by the addition of protein and aldehyde treatment. Cross-linked materials such as these are resistant to degradation by proteolytic enzymes. The procedure for the aldehyde treatment of natural tissue and protein polymer composites has been established, and in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated an improved blood compatibility. Long-term survival with TAH and LVAD implanted animals has shown the successful application of these materials without the use of anticoagulants. Pseudoneointima growth occurs on these surfaces, and results to date indicate growth stabilization within 2 wks of impalntation. Studies are currently underway to fully characterize the pseudoneointima formed on the biolized surfaces of cardiac prostheses.
Cell compositions of coronary and aortic atherosclerotic lesions in WHHL rabbits differ. An immunohistochemical study. (1994)

This study investigated whether coronary atherosclerosis was different from aortic atherosclerosis in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits. Atherosclerotic lesions were immunohistochemically stained by using a monoclonal antibody for rabbit macrophages (RAM-11) and a monoclonal antibody for muscle actin (HHF35) and were also subjected to conventional staining. The areas of the major lesional components, ie, macrophages, smooth muscle cells, collagen fibers, and extracellular lipid deposits, were measured with a color image analyzer. The percent macrophage area in coronary lesions was significantly lower compared with aortic lesions at all stages (early fatty streak, transitional, and advanced), while the percent smooth muscle cell area and collagen area were significantly higher in early fatty streak lesions of the coronary arteries. In addition, the macrophage area/smooth muscle cell area ratio was significantly lower in coronary lesions compared with aortic lesions at all stages. In conclusion, coronary atherosclerosis had a small number of macrophages and was rich in smooth muscle cells, whereas aortic atherosclerosis showed the opposite features. These results suggested that the role of macrophages and smooth muscle cells in the initiation and/or progression of coronary atherosclerosis differs from the role of these cells in aortic atherosclerosis.
Synthesis of 1-Alkenylboronic Esters <i>via</i> Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reaction of Bis(pinacolato)diboron with 1-Alkenyl Halides and Triflates (2000)

Abstract The synthesis of 1-alkenylboronic acid pinacol esters via the palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of 1-alkenyl halides or triflates with bis(pinacolato)diboron [(Me4C2O2)B-B(O2C2 Me4)] was carried out in toluene at 50 °C in the presence of potassium phenoxide (1.5 equivalents) and PdCl2(PPh3)2·2PPh3 (3 mol%).
Purely functional, real-time deques with catenation (1999)

We describe an efficient, purely functional implementation of deques with catenation. In addition to being an intriguing problem in its own right, finding a purely functional implementation of catenable deques is required to add certain sophisticated programming constructs to functional programming languages. Our solution has a worst-case running time of O (1) for each push, pop, inject, eject and catenation. The best previously known solution has an O (log * k ) time bound for the k th deque operation. Our solution is not only faster but simpler. A key idea used in our result is an algorithmic technique related to the redundant digital representations used to avoid carry propagation in binary counting.
Design strategies of sea urchin teeth: structure, composition and micromechanical relations to function (1997)

The teeth of sea urchins comprise a variety of different structural entities, all of which are composed of magnesium-bearing calcite together with a small amount of organic material. The teeth are worn down continuously, but in such a way that they remain sharp and functional. Here we describe aspects of the structural, compositional and micromechanical properties of the teeth of Paracentrotus lividus using scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectrometry, atomic absorption. X-ray diffraction and microindentation. The S-shaped single crystalline calcitic fibres are one of the main structural elements of the tooth. They extend from the stone part to the keel. The diameter of the fibres increases gradually from less than 1 micron at the stone tip to about 20 microns at the keel end, while their MgCO3 contents decrease from about 13 mol% to about 4.5 mol%. Each fibre is coated by a thin organic sheath and surrounded by polycrystalline calcitic discs containing as much as 35 mol% MgCO3. This structure constitutes a unique kind of gradient fibre-reinforced ceramic matrix composite, whose microhardness and toughness decrease gradually from the stone part to the keel. Primary plates are also important structural elements of the tooth. Each primary plate has a very unusual sandwich-like structure with a calcitic envelope surrounding a thin apparently amorphous CaCO3 layer. This central layer, together with the primary plate/disc interface, improves the toughness of this zone by stopping and blunting cracks. The self-sharpening function of the teeth is believed to result from the combination of the geometrical shape of the main structural elements and their spatial arrangement, the interfacial strength between structural elements, and the hardness gradient extending from the working stone part to the surrounding zones. The sea urchin tooth structure possesses an array of interesting functional design features, some of which may possibly be applicable to materials science.
Successful Culture in vitro of Bovine Embryos to the Blastocyst Stage (1976)

Two hundred and sixty bovine embryos between the two- and eight-cell stage were collected from synchronized, PMSG-treated cows. Embryos were placed randomly in culture among 11 media and 2 gas atmospheres and development was recorded at 24 h intervals for the duration of culture. The number of cells present at the cessation of culture was determined following aceto-orcein staining. Ham’s F-1O medium supplemented with heat treated fetal calf serum (HTFC), supported the development of 9 of 43 (21 percent) eight-cell embryos into expanded blastocysts after 134 to 150 h in culture and 1 of the 9 expanded blastocysts appeared to undergo an in vitro hatching process after 160 h in culture. No other media tested supported development of bovine embryos beyond the early blastocyst stage (32 to 64 cells). The reduced oxygen atmosphere of 90 percent N2, 5 percent CO2, 5 percent O2 was superior (P<0.01) to 5 percent CO2 in air in both the number of embryos undergoing division and in degree of development. Ham’s F-10 medium supplemented with HTFC serum under a 90 percent N2, 5 percent CO2, 5 percent O2 gas atmosphere successfully supported the development of four-, six- and eight-cell bovine embryos cultured in vitro.
Photocatalytic Water Oxidation with Nonsensitized IrO<sub>2</sub> Nanocrystals under Visible and UV Light (2011)

Rutile IrO(2) is known as being among the best electrocatalysts for water oxidation. Here we report on the unexpected photocatalytic water oxidation activity of 1.98 nm ± 0.11 nm succinic acid-stabilized IrO(2) nanocrystals. From aqueous persulfate and silver nitrate solution the nonsensitized particles evolve oxygen with initial rates up to 0.96 μmol min(-1), and with a quantum efficiency of at least 0.19% (measured at 530 nm). The catalytic process is driven by visible excitations from the Ir-d(t(2g)) to the Ir-d(e(g)) band (1.5-2.75 eV) and by ultraviolet excitations from the O-p band to the Ir-d(e(g)) (>3.0 eV) band. The formation of the photogenerated charge carriers can be directly observed with surface photovoltage spectroscopy. The results shed new light on the role of IrO(2) in dye- and semiconductor-sensitized water splitting systems.
The OncoPPi network of cancer-focused protein–protein interactions to inform biological insights and therapeutic strategies (2017)

As genomics advances reveal the cancer gene landscape, a daunting task is to understand how these genes contribute to dysregulated oncogenic pathways. Integration of cancer genes into networks offers opportunities to reveal protein-protein interactions (PPIs) with functional and therapeutic significance. Here, we report the generation of a cancer-focused PPI network, termed OncoPPi, and identification of >260 cancer-associated PPIs not in other large-scale interactomes. PPI hubs reveal new regulatory mechanisms for cancer genes like MYC, STK11, RASSF1 and CDK4. As example, the NSD3 (WHSC1L1)-MYC interaction suggests a new mechanism for NSD3/BRD4 chromatin complex regulation of MYC-driven tumours. Association of undruggable tumour suppressors with drug targets informs therapeutic options. Based on OncoPPi-derived STK11-CDK4 connectivity, we observe enhanced sensitivity of STK11-silenced lung cancer cells to the FDA-approved CDK4 inhibitor palbociclib. OncoPPi is a focused PPI resource that links cancer genes into a signalling network for discovery of PPI targets and network-implicated tumour vulnerabilities for therapeutic interrogation.