gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radio-lmmunoassay for Plasma Alpha Human Atrial Natriuretic Peptide: A Comparison of Direct and Pre-Extracted Methods (1987)

Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentrations were measured by both direct radio-immunoassay and with pre-extraction of the peptide from plasma using C18 reverse phase columns. Peptide concentrations were measured in normal subjects (including a group of eight volunteers who received an intravenous infusion of 0.9% NaCl solution), patients with renal failure (including a group with end-stage disease undergoing renal dialysis) and patients with a spectrum of cardiac dysfunction. The overall correlation of results from direct and extracted assay methods was good. However, absolute values from extracted assays were significantly lower than from parallel direct assays. This discrepancy was due to interference from platelets and from another, as yet unidentified, plasma component demonstrated by gel filtration experiments. Extraction of the peptide from plasma by C18 columns largely eliminated these sources of interference and was particularly important for accurate measurement of peptide concentrations within the normal range. Plasma peptide concentrations were elevated in cardiac and renal failure, fell with renal dialysis and rose in normal subjects challenged with an intravenous isotonic fluid load. These findings suggest that ANP participates in the regulation of body fluid volumes and arterial pressure.
Synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines by intramolecular cycloaddition of azahexatrienes (1977)

Treatment of aldehyde pyrimidin-6-ylhydrazones with aromatic aldehydes (or treatment of 6-hydrazinopyrimidines with aromatic aldehydes in excess) in dimethylformamide under reflux gave 2,3-disubstituted pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines.
Multiple sclerosis lesion quantification using fuzzy-connectedness principles (1997)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the white matter. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is proven to be a sensitive method of monitoring the progression of this disease and of its changes due to treatment protocols. Quantification of the severity of the disease through estimation of MS lesion volume via MR imaging is vital for understanding and monitoring the disease and its treatment. This paper presents a novel methodology and a system that can be routinely used for segmenting and estimating the volume of MS lesions via dual-echo fast spin-echo MR imagery. A recently developed concept of fuzzy objects forms the basis of this methodology. An operator indicates a few points in the images by pointing to the white matter, the grey matter, and the cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF). Each of these objects is then detected as a fuzzy connected set. The holes in the union of these objects correspond to potential lesion sites which are utilized to detect each potential lesion as a three-dimensional (3-D) fuzzy connected object. These objects are presented to the operator who indicates acceptance/rejection through the click of a mouse button. The number and volume of accepted lesions is then computed and output. Based on several evaluation studies, we conclude that the methodology is highly reliable and consistent, with a coefficient of variation (due to subjective operator actions) of 0.9% (based on 20 patient studies, three operators, and two trials) for volume and a mean false-negative volume fraction of 1.3%, with a 95% confidence interval of 0%-2.8% (based on ten patient studies).
Efficient persist barriers for multicores (2015)

Emerging non-volatile memory technologies enable fast, fine-grained persistence compared to slow block-based devices. In order to ensure consistency of persistent state, dirty cache lines need to be periodically flushed from caches and made persistent in an order specified by the persistency model. A persist barrier is one mechanism for enforcing this ordering.
Relating Burning Rate and NO Formation to Pressure Development in Two-Stroke Diesel Engines (1997)

A multizone thermodynamic method has been developed to determine combustion rate and NO formation from measured cylinder pressures and performance of two-stroke diesel engines. Integral to the analytical method is a nonlinear fit to the combustion chamber heat loss; the fit is consistent with the overall energy balance and with measured fuel consumption rate and exhaust temperature. The method assumes equilibrium combustion properties except for NO, whose relatively slow formation is estimated using the extended Zeldovich mechanism in the post-flame gas during a period of one mixing time. Application of the method to a 2-stroke diesel engine indicates a post-flame mixing time of 0.55 ms or 4 deg crank angle at 1250 rpm, yielding exhaust concentrations of NO considerably less than what would have been expected from equilibrium-then-sudden-freezing considerations.
VARIATIONS IN THE QUASSIN AND NEOQUASSIN CONTENT IN QUASSIA AMARA (SIMAROUBACEAE) IN COSTA RICA: ECOLOGICAL AND MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS (1999)

ISHS II WOCMAP Congress Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Part 3: Agricultural Production, Post Harvest Techniques, Biotechnology VARIATIONS IN THE QUASSIN AND NEOQUASSIN CONTENT IN QUASSIA AMARA (SIMAROUBACEAE) IN COSTA RICA: ECOLOGICAL AND MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS
The pleiotropic effects of decanoic acid treatment on mitochondrial function in fibroblasts from patients with complex I deficient Leigh syndrome (2016)

There is growing interest in the use of the ketogenic diet (KD) to treat inherited metabolic diseases including mitochondrial disorders. However, neither the mechanism whereby the diet may be working, nor if it could benefit all patients with mitochondrial disease, is known. This study focusses on decanoic acid (C10), a component of the medium chain triglyceride KD, and a ligand for the nuclear receptor PPAR-γ known to be involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. The effects of C10 were investigated in primary fibroblasts from a cohort of patients with Leigh syndrome (LS) caused by nuclear-encoded defects of respiratory chain complex I, using mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme assays, gene expression microarray, qPCR and flow cytometry. Treatment with C10 increased citrate synthase activity, a marker of cellular mitochondrial content, in 50 % of fibroblasts obtained from individuals diagnosed with LS in a PPAR-γ-mediated manner. Gene expression analysis and qPCR studies suggested that treating cells with C10 supports fatty acid metabolism, through increasing ACADVL and CPT1 expression, whilst downregulating genes involved in glucose metabolism (PDK3, PDK4). PCK2, involved in blocking glucose metabolism, was upregulated, as was CAT, encoding catalase. Moreover, treatment with C10 also decreased oxidative stress in complex I deficient (rotenone treated) cells. However, since not all cells from subjects with LS appeared to respond to C10, prior cellular testing in vitro could be employed as a means for selecting individuals for subsequent clinical studies involving C10 preparations.
An algorithm for bit-skew correction in byte-wide WDM optical fiber systems (1990)

Some objectives for a bit-skew correction system are presented. The properties of optical fiber transmission which allow realization of these objectives are discussed. It is shown that the bit-skew limitation due to chromatic dispersion in byte-wide wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical fiber systems can be corrected automatically with no prior knowledge of the fiber parameters or link length and that the full potential of such systems can be attained with circuitry which is no faster than the bit subchannel data rate. In addition, the absolute wavelengths of the sources are not required as long as the channel spacing is constant.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>A Spinning Mirror Auto-Stereoscopic Display</title> (1977)

A simple device for producing an autostereoscopic visual computer display is described. A true three-dimensional image is generated which may be viewed from a wide variety of observer positions. The device consists of a rotating mirror which reflects the face of a CRT display into a volume of space.
RAPID TRANSFORMATION OF CELLS BY ROUS SARCOMA VIRUS (1969)

The conditions for synchronous transformation of chick embryo cells by infection with Rous sarcoma virus are studied. Two factors, the treatment of cells with DEAE-dextran and the use of cells which grow rapidly following virus infection, are found to be most important. Under the conditions described, the Schmidt-Ruppin strain of Rous sarcoma virus at a multiplicity of higher than 5 induces morphological alteration in about 90 per cent of the cell population within 24 hours after infection. The alteration in the morphology is accompanied by acquisition of the ability of cells to grow in agar medium and by the increased rate of incorporation of thymidine and uridine into nucleic acids.
A secret sharing based privacy enforcement mechanism for untrusted social networking operators (2011)

Social networking sites (SNSs) have attracted millions of users. Through these sites, the users share their information (text messages, photos, and videos, etc) with their friends. By doing this, the privacy of users is often at stake. Although they provide some privacy settings to help in restricting access to a limited number of friends, they do not protect against the untrustworthiness of the social networking operator (SNO). Recently there has been some attempts to address this issue [1], [11]; these advocate for encrypting the users' data to ensure their privacy. However, these methods have their limitations. In [1], the security of the users' data is dependent on the non-disclosure of the encryption key; the scheme proposed in [11] is computationally expensive. In this paper, we propose a secret-sharing based key-management scheme for encrypting the users' data in order to preserve user's privacy. The proposed method offers unconditional security against the disclosure of the encryption key (to preserve privacy), and it is also computationally faster. The security of the method is analyzed against possible attacks, and the computational efficiency of the method is demonstrated using quantitative results.
Analysis of methanotrophic bacteria in Movile Cave by stable isotope probing (2003)

Movile Cave is an unusual groundwater ecosystem that is supported by in situ chemoautotrophic production. The cave atmosphere contains 1-2% methane (CH4), although much higher concentrations are found in gas bubbles that keep microbial mats afloat on the water surface. As previous analyses of stable carbon isotope ratios have suggested that methane oxidation occurs in this environment, we hypothesized that aerobic methane-oxidizing bacteria (methanotrophs) are active in Movile Cave. To identify the active methanotrophs in the water and mat material from Movile Cave, a microcosm was incubated with a 10%13CH4 headspace in a DNA-based stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP) experiment. Using improved centrifugation conditions, a 13C-labelled DNA fraction was collected and used as a template for polymerase chain reaction amplification. Analysis of genes encoding the small-subunit rRNA and key enzymes in the methane oxidation pathway of methanotrophs identified that strains of Methylomonas, Methylococcus and Methylocystis/Methylosinus had assimilated the 13CH4, and that these methanotrophs contain genes encoding both known types of methane monooxygenase (MMO). Sequences of non-methanotrophic bacteria and an alga provided evidence for turnover of CH4 due to possible cross-feeding on 13C-labelled metabolites or biomass. Our results suggest that aerobic methanotrophs actively convert CH4 into complex organic compounds in Movile Cave and thus help to sustain a diverse community of microorganisms in this closed ecosystem.
Cytokine expression in T-cell lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease. Its possible implication in autocrine or paracrine production as a potential basis for neoplastic growth. (1991)

The detection of an increasing number of cytokines and the demonstration of autocrine and paracrine mechanisms perpetuating tumor growth prompted the investigation of the expression of the cytokines IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IFN gamma, Tac, and GMCSF in primary lymph-node biopsies of patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (n = 11), Hodgkin's disease (n = 13), and large-cell anaplastic lymphoma (n = 6) by means of Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization (ISH); 15 of 28 cases had IL-6 message, predominantly in cases of Hodgkin's disease (HD) and large-cell anaplastic lymphomas (LCAL). Interferon gamma was found in about 50% of the cases among all entities. Other cytokine expression was rare except two cases of HD with high amounts of IL-4 mRNA. These results indicate that large amounts of growth factor transcripts are present in a variety of malignant lymphomas. The meaning of this expression is still unclear. It may be a loss of physiologic regulation within the cytokine network which may thus influence neoplastic cell growth as some cases have a quantity of cytokine expression which is similar or even above that of stimulated T cells. ISH demonstrates in individual cases that the expression is at least in part due to malignant cells.
Effect of Ivabradine in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: The Edify Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial (2017)

In patients with HFpEF, HR reduction with ivabradine did not improve outcomes. These findings do not support the use of ivabradine in HFpEF.
Synthetic MicroProteins: Versatile Tools for Posttranslational Regulation of Target Proteins (2018)

MicroProteins are small, single-domain proteins that regulate multidomain proteins by sequestering them into novel, often nonproductive, complexes. Several microProteins have been identified in plants and animals, most of which negatively regulate transcription factors. MicroProtein candidates that potentially target a wide range of different protein classes were recently identified in a computational approach. Here, we classified all Arabidopsis (<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>) microProteins and developed a synthetic microProtein approach to target specific protein classes, such as hydrolases, receptors, and lyases, in a proof-of-concept approach. Our findings reveal that microProteins can be used to influence different physiological processes, which makes them useful tools for posttranslational regulation in plants and potentially also in animals.
HandCARE: A Cable-Actuated Rehabilitation System to Train Hand Function After Stroke (2008)

We have developed a robotic interface to train hand and finger function. HandCARE is a Cable-Actuated REhabilitation system, in which each finger is attached to an instrumented cable loop allowing force control and a predominantly linear displacement. The device, whose designed is based on biomechanical measurements, can assist the subject in opening and closing movements and can be adapted to accommodate various hand shapes and finger sizes. Main features of the interface include a differential sensing system, and a clutch system which allows independent movement of the five fingers with only one actuator. The device is safe, easily transportable, and offers multiple training possibilities. This paper presents the biomechanical measurements carried out to determine the requirements for a finger rehabilitation device, and the design and characterization of the complete system.
Determination of the optimum packet length and buffer sizes for the industrial building automation and control networks (2002)

This paper addresses two issues of the building automation and control networks (BACnet) intended for industrial buildings and implemented on the Ethernet: the determination of (a) optimum packet length, and (b) optimum buffer size. The delay-throughput characteristics of each of the four priority classes of messages, i.e., life safety, critical equipment, urgent, and normal, have been measured by simulation experiments for various packet lengths and buffer sizes. In this way, optimum packet length and buffer sizes have been deduced. The optimum packet length has been obtained by evaluating the effect of increasing packet size for a particular traffic pattern and offered load. The optimum buffer size at a node corresponds to the best overall performance for messages of all priorities in terms of overflow rates at the buffers of the nodes with respect to increasing offered loads. The optimum packet length has been found to be between 720 and 904 bits. If we assign 720 bits as the optimum packet length, the optimum buffer size at each node is found to be between 400 and 450 packets, i.e., approximately 288 to 321 kbits.
Ion-implanted planar <i>pin</i> diodes in InP/GaInAs layers grown on implanted InP:Fe (1989)

The fabrication of planar pin diodes using InP/GaInAs layer growth on Si-implanted InP: Fe substrates and Be implantation is reported. Diodes with low leakage currents are obtained. At 10 V reverse bias and a diameter of 50µm, we measure 0.4 and l.6nA without and with substrate implant, respectively. The reverse characteristics show a strong dependence on the annealing conditions for the substrate implant.
Smad7 induces hepatic metastasis in colorectal cancer (2008)

Although Smad signalling is known to play a tumour suppressor role, it has been shown to play a prometastatic function also in breast cancer and melanoma metastasis to bone. In contrast, mutation or reduced level of Smad4 in colorectal cancer is directly correlated to poor survival and increased metastasis. However, the functional role of Smad signalling in metastasis of colorectal cancer has not been elucidated. We previously reported that overexpression of Smad7 in colon adenocarcinoma (FET) cells induces tumorigenicity by blocking TGF-beta-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis. Here, we have observed that abrogation of Smad signalling by Smad7 induces liver metastasis in a splenic injection model. Polymerase chain reaction with genomic DNA from liver metastases indicates that cells expressing Smad7 migrated to the liver. Increased expression of TGF-beta type II receptor in liver metastases is associated with phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of Smad2. Immunohistochemical analyses have suggested poorly differentiated spindle cell morphology and higher cell proliferation in Smad7-induced liver metastases. Interestingly, we have observed increased expression and junctional staining of Claudin-1, Claudin-4 and E-cadherin in liver metastases. Therefore, this report demonstrates, for the first time, that blockade of TGF-beta/Smad pathway in colon cancer cells induces metastasis, thus supporting an important role of Smad signalling in inhibiting colon cancer metastasis.
The motor driving control of X-Y-Z table utilizing photoelectric device and optical pattern recognition (2003)

Position detectors which use the lateral photo effect are used for position detection and positioning on a X-Y-Z stage. Lasers (He-Ne, 632.8 nm) are used as light sources, and position sensing devices are used as light receptors. These devices are applied to absolute position detection on the X-Y-Z stage and to pattern recognition.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Control of radar site environment by use of fences (1966)

Electrically-opaque fences have been found to be a versatile means of controlling radar site problems such as clutter return and ground reflections; they have also been used to reduce the power density in the radar vicinity in order to prevent a personnel hazard. Such fences have been designed for several existing radar installations at the White Sands Missile Range and at Kwajalein Island in the Pacific. In these applications, the function of the fence is to block undesired signal paths. However, the improvement achieved by the use of a fence is limited by the fields diffracted over the fence edge. The effects of this diffraction are calculated on the basis of straight-edge diffraction theory. Generally, the fence design is a compromise between performance and cost, large-radius fences providing better performance than smaller ones. Techniques are presently being investigated for obtaining improved performance by the treatment of the top edge of the fence to further control the diffraction.
Drug discovery and assay development in the ubiquitin–proteasome system (2010)

The observation that tumour cells are more sensitive to pharmacological inhibition of the proteasome than normal cells has led to the development of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. To date, this is the only proteasome inhibitor that has been approved for clinical use. The clinical success of bortezomib, combined with the occurrence of adverse effects and the development of clinical resistance against this compound, has initiated the development of a broad range of second-generation proteasome inhibitors as well as of assays that can be used to establish a relationship between the extent and type of proteasome inhibition and the effectiveness of a particular drug. In the present paper, we discuss new strategies that may be used in the future to overcome drug resistance and to broaden the use of proteasome inhibitors for the treatment of both cancer and infectious and autoimmune disease.
The Benefit of Hydrophobic Domain Asymmetry on the Efficacy of Transfection as Measured by <i>in Vivo</i> Imaging (2010)

We, and others, have observed that the structure of cationic lipids appears to have a significant effect on the transfection efficacy of optimized nucleic acid/cationic lipid complexes (lipoplexes) used for in vitro and in vivo gene delivery and expression. Although there are many in vitro comparisons of lipid reagents for gene delivery, few comparisons have been made in vivo. We previously reported the effects of changes in hydrophobic domain chain length and chain asymmetry, changes in headgroup composition, and counterion exchange. We have observed in our own work over many years the apparent superiority of asymmetric versus symmetric hydrocarbon domains for otherwise similar lipids. In this investigation we use in vivo whole animal brain imaging to evaluate the contribution of symmetric versus asymmetric hydrophobic domains on what we previously determined to be optimal chain lengths for in vitro transfections. We specifically investigated several glycerol-based lipids; however, the rare reports of asymmetric non-glycerol-based lipids also support our observations. We found that asymmetric, two-chain cationic lipids of 14 to 18 carbons perform significantly better in vivo, as analyzed by whole animal imaging, than the paired symmetric lipids.
Redox Biochemistry of Hydrogen Sulfide (2010)

H(2)S, the most recently discovered gasotransmitter, might in fact be the evolutionary matriarch of this family, being both ancient and highly reduced. Disruption of gamma-cystathionase in mice leads to cardiovascular dysfunction and marked hypertension, suggesting a key role for this enzyme in H(2)S production in the vasculature. However, patients with inherited deficiency in gamma-cystathionase apparently do not present vascular pathology. A mitochondrial pathway disposes sulfide and couples it to oxidative phosphorylation while also exposing cytochrome c oxidase to this metabolic poison. This report focuses on the biochemistry of H(2)S biogenesis and clearance, on the molecular mechanisms of its action, and on its varied biological effects.