gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Near-Lossless Image Compression Algorithm Suitable for Hardware Design in Wireless Endoscopy System (2006)

In order to decrease the communication bandwidth and save the transmitting power in the wireless endoscopy capsule, this paper presents a new near-lossless image compression algorithm based on the Bayer format image suitable for hardware design. This algorithm can provide low average compression rate ( bits/pixel) with high image quality (larger than dB) for endoscopic images. Especially, it has low complexity hardware overhead (only two line buffers) and supports real-time compressing. In addition, the algorithm can provide lossless compression for the region of interest (ROI) and high-quality compression for other regions. The ROI can be selected arbitrarily by varying ROI parameters. In addition, the VLSI architecture of this compression algorithm is also given out. Its hardware design has been implemented in m CMOS process.
Reflector design for illumination with extended sources: the basic solutions (1994)

The goal of the optical design of luminaires and other radiation distributors is to attain the desired illumination on the target with a given source while minimizing losses. Whereas the required design procedure is well known for situations in which the source can be approximated as a point or as a line, the development of a general analytical design method for extended sources began only recently. One can obtain a solution for extended sources by establishing a one-to-one correspondence between target points and edge rays. Here the possible solutions in two dimensions (cylindrical sources) are identified, based on only one reflection for the edge rays. The solutions depend on whether the "image" on the reflector is bound by rays from the near or the far edge of the source. For each case there are two solutions that could be called converging and diverging by analogy with imaging optics. Counting the topological choices for the boundaries of the "image" we obtain a complete classification of the buildingblocks from which luminaires can be designed. One can construct interesting hybrid configurations by combining these building blocks. Thus one can gain a great deal of flexibility for tailoring designs to specific requirements. The differential equation for the reflector is shown to have an analytical solution. Explicit results are presented for symmetric configurations with the target at infinity.
Structural characterization of linear polyethylene by infrared spectroscopy (1983)

Abstract
Unsupervised Salience Learning for Person Re-identification (2013)

Human eyes can recognize person identities based on some small salient regions. However, such valuable salient information is often hidden when computing similarities of images with existing approaches. Moreover, many existing approaches learn discriminative features and handle drastic viewpoint change in a supervised way and require labeling new training data for a different pair of camera views. In this paper, we propose a novel perspective for person re-identification based on unsupervised salience learning. Distinctive features are extracted without requiring identity labels in the training procedure. First, we apply adjacency constrained patch matching to build dense correspondence between image pairs, which shows effectiveness in handling misalignment caused by large viewpoint and pose variations. Second, we learn human salience in an unsupervised manner. To improve the performance of person re-identification, human salience is incorporated in patch matching to find reliable and discriminative matched patches. The effectiveness of our approach is validated on the widely used VIPeR dataset and ETHZ dataset.
Four-dimensional ultrafast electron microscopy (2005)

Electron microscopy is arguably the most powerful tool for spatial imaging of structures. As such, 2D and 3D microscopies provide static structures with subnanometer and increasingly with angstrom-scale spatial resolution. Here we report the development of 4D ultrafast electron microscopy, whose capability imparts another dimension to imaging in general and to dynamics in particular. We demonstrate its versatility by recording images and diffraction patterns of crystalline and amorphous materials and images of biological cells. The electron packets, which were generated with femtosecond laser pulses, have a de Broglie wavelength of 0.0335 angstroms at 120 keV and have as low as one electron per pulse. With such few particles, doses of few electrons per square ångstrom, and ultrafast temporal duration, the long sought after but hitherto unrealized quest for ultrafast electron microscopy has been realized. Ultrafast electron microscopy should have an impact on all areas of microscopy, including biological imaging.
Comparison of radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunoassay methods for detection of Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum antigen (1997)

The purpose of this study was to compare the conventional radioimmunoassay (RIA) to an enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA) for the measurement of Histoplasma antigen in banked urine specimens. A correlation between the two methods would allow the EIA to be used as a nonradioactive alternative to the established 125I RIA. The study used stored urine from patients diagnosed with histoplasmosis during an outbreak in Indianapolis which began in 1988. Control specimens from healthy adults, patients with other fungal infections, urinary tract infections, or nonfungal pneumonia were also tested. Both the RIA and EIA were run concurrently. The RIA system measured antigen levels of 0.4 to 27.0 RIA units, while the EIA measured antigen levels of 0.6 to 20.1 units. Both the EIA and RIA detected measurable antigen levels in urine from 50 of 56 patients (89%) with disseminated disease and 11 of 30 patients (37%) with self-limiting disease. One of 96 control specimens, from a patient with paracoccidioidomycosis, was positive with both systems. Antigen levels measured by EIA correlated well with those measured by the established RIA method (correlation coefficient, 0.974). The EIA is an acceptable alternative to the RIA for measuring Histoplasma antigen levels in urine specimens.
Agonist of growth hormone-releasing hormone reduces pneumolysin-induced pulmonary permeability edema (2012)

Aggressive treatment with antibiotics in patients infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae induces release of the bacterial virulence factor pneumolysin (PLY). Days after lungs are sterile, this pore-forming toxin can still induce pulmonary permeability edema in patients, characterized by alveolar/capillary barrier dysfunction and impaired alveolar liquid clearance (ALC). ALC is mainly regulated through Na(+) transport by the apically expressed epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and the basolaterally expressed Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase in type II alveolar epithelial cells. Because no standard treatment is currently available to treat permeability edema, the search for novel therapeutic candidates is of high priority. We detected mRNA expression for the active receptor splice variant SV1 of the hypothalamic polypeptide growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), as well as for GHRH itself, in human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HL-MVEC). Therefore, we have evaluated the effect of the GHRH agonist JI-34 on PLY-induced barrier and ALC dysfunction. JI-34 blunts PLY-mediated endothelial hyperpermeability in monolayers of HL-MVEC, in a cAMP-dependent manner, by means of reducing the phosphorylation of myosin light chain and vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin. In human airway epithelial H441 cells, PLY significantly impairs Na(+) uptake, but JI-34 restores it to basal levels by means of increasing cAMP levels. Intratracheal instillation of PLY into C57BL6 mice causes pulmonary alveolar epithelial and endothelial hyperpermeability as well as edema formation, all of which are blunted by JI-34. These findings point toward a protective role of the GHRH signaling pathway in PLY-induced permeability edema.
Intragastric pH after oral administration of single doses of ranitidine effervescent tablets, omeprazole capsules and famotidine fast‐dissolving tablets to fasting healthy volunteers (1997)

After single-dose administration to healthy fasting volunteers), ranitidine effervescent tablets showed a significantly more rapid onset of action and a significantly larger integrated pH response compared to either famotidine 20 mg fast-dissolving tablets or omeprazole 20 mg capsules.
The AraC/XylS Family Activator RhaS Negatively Autoregulates <i>rhaSR</i> Expression by Preventing Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein Activation (2009)

The Escherichia coli RhaR protein activates expression of the rhaSR operon in the presence of its effector, L-rhamnose. The resulting RhaS protein (plus L-rhamnose) activates expression of the L-rhamnose catabolic and transport operons, rhaBAD and rhaT, respectively. Here, we further investigated our previous finding that rhaS deletion resulted in a threefold increase in rhaSR promoter activity, suggesting RhaS negative autoregulation of rhaSR. We found that RhaS autoregulation required the cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) binding site at rhaSR and that RhaS was able to bind to the RhaR binding site at rhaSR. In contrast to the expected repression, we found that in the absence of both RhaR and the CRP binding site at the rhaSR promoter, RhaS activated expression to a level comparable with RhaR activation of the same promoter. However, when the promoter included the RhaR and CRP binding sites, the level of activation by RhaS and CRP was much lower than that by RhaR and CRP, suggesting that CRP could not fully coactivate with RhaS. Taken together, our results indicate that RhaS negative autoregulation involves RhaS competition with RhaR for binding to the RhaR binding site at rhaSR. Although RhaS and RhaR activate rhaSR transcription to similar levels, CRP cannot effectively coactivate with RhaS. Therefore, once RhaS reaches a relatively high protein concentration, presumably sufficient to saturate the RhaS-activated promoters, there will be a decrease in rhaSR transcription. We propose a model in which differential DNA bending by RhaS and RhaR may be the basis for the difference in CRP coactivation.
Comparison of in vivo scintillation probes and gamma cameras for detection of small, deep tumours (1989)

An in vivo probe was compared with a gamma camera for the task of detecting radiolabelled tumour models in a water phantom. The probe, which contained a 1 cm diameter NaI(T1) detector, was designed and used by us for surgical staging studies of gynaecological patients. Tumours were spherical sources of different sizes and activities per unit volume of cobalt-57. The phantom was a tank of water (451) containing dissolved radioactivity to simulate background activity. Detector-to-source separations and tank depths were also varied. Camera images of 10 min duration were compared with probe counts of 15 s. For each configuration a large number of source and background runs were analysed using an ideal-observer ROC technique. Area under the ROC curve was used as the figure of merit. Results show that for approximately uniform background the probe should perform substantially better than the gamma camera in detecting small, deep tumours provided that the probe can be manoeuvred to within a few centimetres of the tumour. Mathematical modelling of our results indicates that this conclusion is not dependent on radiopharmaceutical dose, tumour uptake or camera type.
Sodium transport and HKT transporters: the rice model (2003)

Na+ uptake in the roots of K+-starved seedlings of barley, rice, and wheat was found to exhibit fast rate, low Km, and high sensitivity to K+. Sunflower plants responded in a similar manner but the uptake was not K+ sensitive. Ba2+ inhibited Na+ uptake, but not K+ uptake in rice roots. This demonstrated that Na+ and K+ uptake are mediated by different transporters, and that K+ blocked but was not transported by the Na+ transporter. The genome of rice cv. Nipponbare contains seven HKT genes, which may encode Na+ transporters, plus two HKT pseudogenes. Yeast expressions of OsHKT1 and OsHKT4 proved that they are Na+ transporters of high and low affinity, respectively, which are sensitive to K+ and Ba2+. Parallel experiments of K+ and Na+ uptake in yeast expressing the wheat or rice HKT1 transporters proved that they were very different; TaHKT1 transported K+ and Na+, and OsHKT1 only Na+. Transcript expressions in shoots of the OsHKT genes were fairly constant and insensitive to changes in the K+ and Na+ concentrations of the nutrient solution. In roots, the expressions were much lower than in shoots, except for OsHKT4 and OsHKT1 in K+-starved plants. We propose that OsHKT transporters are involved in Na+ movements in rice, and that OsHKT1 specifically mediates Na+ uptake in rice roots when the plants are K+ deficient. The incidence of HKT ESTs in several plant species suggests that the rice model with many HKT genes applies to other plants.
Writing the shy body: A textual immersion in social anxiety (2013)

The impulse to write often comes from the desire to express our corporeal history in words. In his memoir Winter journal, Paul Auster says '[w]riting begins in the body, it is in the music of the body' (Auster 2012: 224). His words echo those of cultural theorist Elspeth Probyn in The affect theory reader: 'Writing is a corporeal activity. We work ideas through our bodies; we write through our bodies, hoping to get into the bodies of our readers' (Probyn 2010: 76). Testifying to the lived experience of shyness in a work of personal narrative nonfiction involved an immersive exploration of the corporeal features of shyness, and an interrogation of the ways in which our emotions are experienced and inscribed in our bodies and our temperament traits are manifest in our emotional and physical responses to being in company. How, though, might we go about writing the shy body, and how do we write our bodily experiences 'into the bodies of our readers'? My memoir-in-progress, The Shyness Lists, endeavours to meet these challenges by weaving together narrative and non-narrative knowledge, employing metaphors of alienation, pathology and metamorphosis, and using suspense as a narrative strategy to mimic the socially anxious person's experience of dread.
Differences in islet-enriched miRNAs in healthy and glucose intolerant human subjects (2010)

Many microRNAs (miRNAs) are known to be cell-type specific and are implicated in development of diseases. We investigated the global expression pattern of miRNAs in human pancreatic islets compared to liver and skeletal muscle, using bead-based technology and quantitative RT-PCR. In addition to the known islet-specific miR-375, we also found enrichment of miR-127-3p, miR-184, miR-195 and miR-493∗ in the pancreatic islets. The expression of miR-375, miR-127-3p, miR-184 and the liver-enriched miR-122 is positively correlated to insulin biosynthesis, while the expression of miR-127-3p and miR-184 is negatively correlated to glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). These correlations were absent in islets of glucose intolerant donors (HbA1c ≥ 6.1). We suggest that the presence of an islet-specific miRNA network, which consists of at least miR-375, miR-127-3p and miR-184, potentially involved in insulin secretion. Our results provide new insight into miRNA-mediated regulation of insulin secretion in healthy and glucose intolerant subjects.
Designed Gene Amplification on the Bacillus subtilis Chromosome (1988)

We previously reported the cloning of a 1.6 kb HindIII fragment (containing the junction of the repeating unit) from chromosomal DNA of Bacillus subtilis strain B7 in which tandem amplification of a 16 kb region occurred, and the induction of B7-type gene amplification by competence transformation with this cloned fragment. Based on this result, we designed, on the B. subtilis chromosome, a gene amplification of the 22 kb repeating unit containing the alpha-amylase structural gene (amyE), the tunicamycin-resistance gene (tmrB) and the shikimate kinase structural gene (aroI). We cloned only two short DNA fragments from both termini of the 22 kb region, constructed a junction structure of the designed repeating unit on pBR327 and transformed a B. subtilis wild-type strain by this constructed plasmid. As a result, we succeeded in obtaining tunicamycin-resistant (Tmr) transformants in which the designed gene amplification of 22 kb occurred on the chromosome. The Tmr transformants showed high productivity of alpha-amylase and shikimate kinase. The copy number of the repeating unit was estimated to be 10-20. This system may provide an effective means of amplifying long (greater than 20 kb) DNA regions on the chromosome.
REFLEXIÓN SOBRE EL CAMPANIFORME A PARTIR DE LA EVIDENCIA FUNERARIA DE LA CUENCA DEL TAJO (ESPAÑA Y PORTUGAL) (2009)

espanolLa variedad del hecho funerario campaniforme de la cuenca del Tajo, muestra claramente las dificultades que entrana asumir que tal fenomeno correspondiese a individuos competitivos, avidos de incrementar su posicion social. De hecho, la evidencia arqueologica ofrece una diversidad tal en las amortizaciones de valor, que requiere una respuesta mas compleja que la identificacion de estos materiales como elementos de lujo. Entendemos que los items campaniformes cobran sentido antes como simbolos, que como piezas relevantes por la inversion material que representan. En cuanto a su funcion social, creemos que el campaniforme pudo haber sido el distintivo de individuos especiales en el seno de linajes o familias determinadas, quizas individuos o familias relevantes en la configuracion del parentesco. De ahi podria derivarse su vinculacion con un rango o estatus basico que podria explicar tanto su relacion con posiciones de autoridad, como la aceptacion de los materiales campaniformes entre poblaciones con diferente desarrollo socioeconomico EnglishThe great variety of bell beaker funerary world along de Tagus valley, shows how difficult are to link this phenomenon with competitive individuals looking for increase their social status. Findings show such a different value amortization that we need more complex answer than the identification of beaker materials as luxury items. We think the importance of beaker items falls in their symbolic nature rather than in its material cost. About its social function, beaker could be used to characterize special individuals within local groups, probably individuals or families that were important on the maintenance of kinship. Such characterization is compatible with a relation between beaker users with a basic rank or status that could explain their linkage with authority positions. It could explain, as well, the acceptance of beaker materials between populations of different socioeconomic level.
Quantifying Heat Requirements for SAGD Startup Phase: Steam Injection, Electrical Heating (2013)

Summary A proper and effective startup of the steam-assisted-gravity-drainage (SAGD) well pairs, where both horizontal wells inject steam, is a key parameter to SAGD performance. In the past, a number of investigations have been conducted on the optimum startup strategy and operational procedures; however, fewer studies have modelled the heat requirements of the process. This study proposes an effective practical method that correlates the heat flux inside the horizontal wellbore with the temperature outside the wellbore wall. A transient conductive-heat-transfer equation in a cylindrical coordinate system is adopted for two different startup strategies: (a) variable heat flux (steam circulation in the well pair) to maintain a constant desired temperature at the wellbore wall and (b) constant heat flux (electrical heating of the well pair) to gradually increase temperature and finally reach a desired temperature on the wellbore wall. A novel and simple mathematical technique is presented for each startup approach to evaluate the instantaneous and cumulative heat requirements to keep the wellbore hot. Excellent agreements between the results of the proposed techniques and outputs of a commercial reservoir simulator are demonstrated. Accurate quantitative evaluation of heat requirements for the startup phase of SAGD enables optimum planning for steam requirements and practical design of any other heat sources employed in the process.
A microstereolithography resin based on thiol-ene chemistry: towards biocompatible 3D extracellular constructs for tissue engineering (2013)

A new class of degradable aliphatic poly(carbonate) resins for use in microstereolithographic process is described. Using a biologically inert photo-inhibiting dye, exemplar 3-dimensional structures were produced using thiol-ene chemistry via microstereolithography. Fabricated constructs demonstrated good biological compatibility with cells and had tensile properties that render them suitable for use as tissue engineering scaffolds.
Getting a Library of Activities from a Single Compound:  Tunability and Very Large Shifts in Acidity Constants Induced by Sol−Gel Entrapped Micelles (2001)

Acidity constants (in terms of K(i) values) can be fine-tuned, their values can be pushed to extremes, and their location can be placed either at the basic or acidic range of the pH scale, by tailoring intra-cage properties of SiO(2) sol--gel materials with surfactants. With the entrapped "solid-state pseudomicelles", an 8-orders magnitude K(i) shift--from the high-basic pH region to the acidic one--was obtained for acid fuchsin (AF); and tunability of the pK(i) values of the solvatochromic dye E(T)(30) and of crystal violet over much of the pH scale was achieved. This tailoring of various activities from the same dopant was achieved either by utilizing surfactants of different nature or by utilizing mixtures of anionic/cationic surfactants. The extraction of a wide range of reactivities from a single compound and the ability to fine-tune it is a powerful concept with potential extensions beyond acid/base reactions.