gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimating Melatonin Suppression and Photosynthesis Activity in Real-World Scenes from Computer Generated Images (2010)

In lighting design and architectural illumination planning simulations of luminance and illuminance distributions within scenes are performed using rendering tools such as Radiance. In this paper we focus on the evaluation by two action spectra other than the luminous efficiency function – the circadian action function describing the melatonin suppression and the photosynthesis action function. We show how indices that are derived from these action spectra can be calculated from spectrally rendered images of a real-world scene. For both action spectra we derive approximations based on the CIE color matching functions that allow estimations of the corresponding index from RGB rendered images. We evaluate the differences between the spectral results and the RGB approximations for an office room with three different types of illumination.
PREDICTING ABSENTEEISM FROM PRIOR ABSENCE AND WORK ATTITUDES. (1985)

The article presents research pertaining to the relationship between an employee's prior absenteeism in one job and subsequent absenteeism on a new position within the same organization. The subjec...
Description of new Ensifer strains from nodules and proposal to transfer Ensifer adhaerens Casida 1982 to Sinorhizobium as Sinorhizobium adhaerens comb. nov. Request for an Opinion (2003)

A group of four diverse rhizobial isolates and two soil isolates that are highly related to Ensifer adhaerens were characterized by a polyphasic approach. On the basis of DNA-DNA hybridizations and phenotypic features, these strains cannot be distinguished clearly form Ensifer adhaerens, a soil bacterium that was described in 1982, mainly on the basis of phenotypic characteristics. Phylogenetically, Ensifer and Sinorhizobium form a single group in the 16S rDNA dendrogram of the alpha-Proteobacteria, as well as in an analysis of partial recA gene sequences. They may therefore be regarded as a single genus. Because Sinorhizobium was proposed in 1988, according to the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision) the older name, Ensifer, has priority. However, there are several reasons why a change from Sinorhizobium to Ensifer may not be the best solution and making an exception to Rule 38 may be more appropriate. We therefore propose the species Sinorhizobium adhaerens comb. nov. and put forward a Request for an Opinion to the Judicial Commission regarding the conservation of Sinorhizobium adhaerens over Ensifer adhaerens.
Single atom doping for quantum device development in diamond and silicon (2008)

The ability to inject dopant atoms with high spatial resolution, flexibility in dopant species, and high single ion detection fidelity opens opportunities for the study of dopant fluctuation effects and the development of devices in which function is based on the manipulation of quantum states in single atoms, such as proposed quantum computers. The authors describe a single atom injector, in which the imaging and alignment capabilities of a scanning force microscope (SFM) are integrated with ion beams from a series of ion sources and with sensitive detection of current transients induced by incident ions. Ion beams are collimated by a small hole in the SFM tip and current changes induced by single ion impacts in transistor channels enable reliable detection of single ion hits. They discuss resolution limiting factors in ion placement and processing and paths to single atom (and color center) array formation for systematic testing of quantum computer architectures in silicon and diamond.
Bowl‐Shaped Fragments of C<sub>70</sub> or Higher Fullerenes: Synthesis, Structural Analysis, and Inversion Dynamics (2012)

Super bowl: Fragments of C70 or higher fullerenes were easily prepared from 1,8-bis(arylethynyl)naphthalenes. The curved structures were identified by X-ray crystallography. These rigid bowl-shaped molecules have a deep bowl depth (approximately 2.30 Å) and their bowl inversions proceed via an S-shaped transition structure with a very high inversion barrier (approximately 80 kcal mol−1). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Repeated Principal-Agent Games with Discounting (1985)

In a repeated principal-agent game (supergame) in which each player's criterion is his long-run average expected utility, efficient behavior can be sustained by a Nash equilibrium if it is Pareto-superior to a one-period Nash equilibrium.Furthermore, if the players discount future expected utilities, then for every positive epsilon, and every pair of discount factors sufficiently close to unity (given epsilon), there exists a supergame equilibrium that is within epsilon (in normalized discounted expected utility) of the target efficient behavior.These supergame equilibria are explicitly constructed with simple "review strategies." 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1.Some Background IN A PRINCIPAL-AGENT SITUATION, the agent chooses an action "on behalf of" the principal.The resulting consequence depends on a random state of the environment as well as on the agent's action.After observing the consequence, the principal makes a payment to the agent according to a pre-announced reward function, which depends directly only on the observed consequence.This last restriction expresses the fact that the principal cannot directly observe the agent's action, nor can the principal observe the information on which the agent bases his action.This situation is one of the simplest examples of decentralized decisionmaking in which the interests of the decision-makers do not coincide.2If this action-reward situation occurs only once, I shall call it a short-run principal-agent relationship.The situation can be naturally modeled as a two-move game, in which the principal first announces a reward function to the agent, and then the agent chooses an action (or decision function if he has prior information about the environment).The Nash (or perfect Nash) equilibria of such a game are typically inefficient (unless the agent is neutral towards risk), in the sense that there will typically be another (but nonequilibrium) reward-decision pair that yields higher expected utilities to both players.In order to increase the efficiency of short-run equilibria, the principal could monitor (at least ex post) the information and decision of the agent.However such monitoring would tyically be costly, so that net efficiency need not be increased by monitoring.Another approach to increasing efficiency is suggested by the theory of repeated games.If a game with two or more players is repeated, the resulting situation can be modeled naturally as a game ("supergame") in which the players' actions in any one repetition are allowed to depend on the history of the previous repetitions.In the principal-agent situation, the repetition of the game would l I am grateful to R. A. Aumann, R. W. Rosenthal, and A.
A novel turbidimetric immunoassay for fecal calprotectin optimized for routine chemistry analyzers (2016)

The fecal calprotectin PETIA, fCal Turbo, is well suited for rapid analysis of fecal calprotectin on Mindray BS-380 or Cobas 501 clinical chemistry analyzers. The test results are commutable with Bühlmann fecal MRP8/14 ELISA.
The expression of the <i>Athb-8</i> homeobox gene is restricted to provascular cells in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (1995)

We have characterized an Arabidopsis homeobox gene coding for a putative DNA binding protein that represents an early marker for vascular development. The full-length cDNA encodes a protein of 833 amino acids that we have designated Athb-8; it contains the conserved DNA binding domain that characterizes the HD-Zip family of transcription factors. RNA analysis showed that the Athb-8 gene is expressed during the vegetative and the reproductive phases of plant growth. A higher steady-state level of the Athb-8 mRNA was found in flowering stem and root. In situ mRNA analysis of Arabidopsis plants demonstrated that Athb-8 expression is restricted to the procambial cells of embryo and developing organs. Moreover, Athb-8-GUS expression was found in single parenchyma cells which are differentiating into tracheary elements in wounded tobacco transgenic plants. Finally, we showed that the auxin, indole-3-acetic acid, which is involved in vascular development and differentiation, modulates the expression of the gene. Taken together, these results suggest that Athb-8 might be a regulator of vascular development in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Doppler optical cardiogram gated 2D color flow imaging at 1000 fps and 4D in vivo visualization of embryonic heart at 45 fps on a swept source OCT system (2007)

We report a Doppler optical cardiogram gating technique for increasing the effective frame rate of Doppler optical coherence tomography (DOCT) when imaging periodic motion as found in the cardiovascular system of embryos. This was accomplished with a Thorlabs swept-source DOCT system that simultaneously acquired and displayed structural and Doppler images at 12 frames per second (fps). The gating technique allowed for ultra-high speed visualization of the blood flow pattern in the developing hearts of African clawed frog embryos (Xenopus laevis) at up to 1000 fps. In addition, four-dimensional (three spatial dimensions + temporal) Doppler imaging at 45 fps was demonstrated using this gating technique, producing detailed visualization of the complex cardiac motion and hemodynamics in a beating heart.
A new column redundancy scheme for yield improvement of high speed DRAMs with multiple bit pre-fetch structure (2002)

A novel dual CSL column redundancy scheme (DCCR) that can improve effectiveness of repair and minimize overhead of die area is proposed. DCCR can repair failure bits of self-half I/O block by the unit of single bit, not by CSL. DCCR can also improve the data access speed by reducing the local I/O loading.
Photomask plasma etching: A review (2006)

Photomask plasma etching was thoroughly reviewed over wide topics including history, equipment, etchant, absorbers, phase shifters, thermodynamics, and kinetics. Plasma etch obtained industrial applications for photomask fabrication in the 1990s and presently is a critical fabrication step for the “enabling” photomask industry. Among all types of photomasks (binary, embedded attenuated phase-shift mask, and alternating aperture phase-shift mask), chromium (Cr) containing material etching has been the basis and fundamental for all photomask etches. The main technological challenges for Cr etch occur on (isolated) dark features of a high load photomask due to the etch critical dimension (CD) bias dependence on the local loading. It determines the CD features on the Cr layer, phase shifter MoSi layer, and fused silica (quartz) layer. The CD deviation on pattern layers from the nominal value has been a challenge, especially for the Cr state-of-the-art 65nm node photomasks even though data sizing exists. Inductively coupled plasma plus bias power using radio frequency wavelength is the dominant configuration of the photomask plasma etcher, with improved loading and CD mean-to-target potential. Thermodynamic applications (Gibbs energy minimization method) on photomask plasma etch provide a quick, easy, and low cost method to estimate the plasma etch feasibility and defect reduction at different plasma gas input conditions. Empirical relationships between operational parameters and etch properties significantly improve the only design of experiment procedure for etch process optimization.
Synthesis of a self-initiated UV-curing polymer (2011)

The synthesis of a new unsaturated polyster-urea resin showed obviously self-initiated behaviors in UV curing was investigated.The unsaturated polyster-urea resin was synthesized by direct melt polymerization and the structure of product was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy.The relations of acid value and curing properties was analyzed,then the influence of urea addition on self-initiated behaviors and curing properties was investigated.The results showed that the polymer can be cured in 30～60 s without photoinitiator and the curable coatings can be achieved 3～4 H pencil hardness.When the molar fraction of urea is 4%～5% and the acid value of reaction system is 50,the comprehensive properties of the product are the best.
Enhanced Bonding of Gold Nanoparticles on Oxidized TiO <sub>2</sub> (110) (2007)

We studied the nucleation of gold clusters on TiO 2 (110) surfaces in three different oxidation states by high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy. The three TiO 2 (110) supports chosen were (i) reduced (having bridging oxygen vacancies), (ii) hydrated (having bridging hydroxyl groups), and (iii) oxidized (having oxygen adatoms). At room temperature, gold nanoclusters nucleate homogeneously on the terraces of the reduced and oxidized supports, whereas on the hydrated TiO 2 (110) surface, clusters form preferentially at the step edges. From interplay with density functional theory calculations, we identified two different gold-TiO 2 (110) adhesion mechanisms for the reduced and oxidized supports. The adhesion of gold clusters is strongest on the oxidized support, and the implications of this finding for catalytic applications are discussed.
Interconnections for Parallel Memories to Unscramble p-Ordered Vectors (1974)

Several methods have been considered for storing arrays in a parallel memory system so that various useful partitions of an array can be fetched from the memory with a single access. Some of these methods fetch vectors in an order scrambled from that required for a computation. This paper considers the problem of unscrambling such vectors when the vectors belong to a class called p-ordered vectors. This class of vectors is defined in such a way that elements that should be adjacent in an unscrambled vector are p elements apart in the p-ordered vector.
The Nonwovens Formation in the Melt - blown Process (2007)

Melt-blowing is an industrial method for the rapid production of nonwoven fibres. In meltblowing a polymer is melted and extruded through a capillary while heated air is blown through an air nozzle. The aerodynamic drag of the air jets on the polymer provides the attenuation force that draws the polymer streams into fine diameter fibres. In this paper, the following factors are presented: a modified mathematical model of melt spinning for a pneumatic process accounting for the effects of structural transformation in the viscoelastic behavior of the spun polymer; the application of mathematical modelling to the melt-blown process; a novel method for nonwoven formation in airflow with supersonic velocity.
Optical Waveguide End Facet Roughness and Optical Coupling Loss (2013)

This paper investigates the end facet roughness of multimode polymer channel waveguides fabricated on FR4 printed circuit boards, PCBs, when cut at right angles to their optical axis by milling routers for optical butt-coupling connectors and compares it with that resulting from dicing saws and polishing and proposes a novel end facet treatment. RMS surface roughness of waveguide end facets, measured by AFMs, are compared for a range of rotation speeds and translation speeds of a milling router. It was found that one-flute routers gave significantly less rough surfaces than two or three-flute routers. The best results were achieved for a one-flute router when the milling bit was inserted from the PCB side of the board with a rotation speed of 15,000 rpm and a translation speed of 0.25 m/min which minimized the waveguide core end facet RMS roughness to 183 ± 13 nm and gave input optical coupling loss of 1.7 dB ± 0.5 B and output optical coupling loss of 2.0 dB ± 0.7 dB. The lowest RMS roughness was obtained at chip loads of 16 μm/revolution. High rotation speeds should be avoided as smearing of the end facet occurs possibly due to polymer heating and softening. For the first time to our knowledge, channel waveguide optical insertion loss is shown to be linearly proportional to the ratio of the waveguide core end facet RMS roughness to its autocorrelation length. A new fabrication technique for cut waveguide end facet treatment is proposed and demonstrated which reduces the insertion loss by 2.60 dB ± 1.3 dB which is more than that achieved by the closest available index matching fluid which gave 2.23 dB ± 1.2 dB. The new fabrication method gives a more robust end facet for use in commercial products.
Directory reference patterns in hierarchical file systems (1989)

The authors present a brief description of data on directory reference patterns collected from a 4.2BSD UNIX system. These data are used to examine the importance of the name lookup overhead involved in opening and using files. The analysis shows that paths in the environment are relatively long and that, in the absence of caching, name resolution overhead accounts for over 70% of the disk blocks referenced to open and use files. These results confirm recent conjectures on the high level of directory activity in UNIX file systems. Directory references exhibit strong locality, though, making caches an effective way to decrease directory overhead. Simulations of a least recently used (IRU) whole directory cache show that a cache holding just ten nodes achieves an 85% hit ratio. The implications of these results on the design of both local and distributed file systems are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lithium Cleavages of Some Heterocycles in Tetrahydrofuran. II<sup>1</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLithium Cleavages of Some Heterocycles in Tetrahydrofuran. II1Henry Gilman and Joseph J. DietrichCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 2, 380–383Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01535a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01535a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views279Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Image Quality Assessment based on Local Variance (2006)

A new and complementary method to assess image quality is presented. It is based on the comparison of the local variance distribution of two images. This new quality index is better suited to assess the non-stationarity of images, therefore it explicitly focuses on the image structure. We show that this new index outperforms other methods for the assessment of image quality in medical images.
On the Use of Piezoelectric Sensors in Structural Mechanics: Some Novel Strategies (2010)

In the present paper, a review on piezoelectric sensing of mechanical deformations and vibrations of so-called smart or intelligent structures is given. After a short introduction into piezoelectric sensing and actuation of such controlled structures, we pay special emphasis on the description of some own work, which has been performed at the Institute of Technical Mechanics of the Johannes Kepler University of Linz (JKU) in the last years. Among other aspects, this work has been motivated by the fact that collocated control of smart structures requires a sensor output that is work-conjugated to the input by the actuator. This fact in turn brings into the play the more general question of how to measure mechanically meaningful structural quantities, such as displacements, slopes, or other quantities, which form the work-conjugated quantities of the actuation, by means piezoelectric sensors. At least in the range of small strains, there is confidence that distributed piezoelectric sensors or sensor patches in smart structures do measure weighted integrals over their domain. Therefore, there is a need of distributing or shaping the sensor activity in order to be able to re-interpret the sensor signals in the desired mechanical sense. We sketch a general strategy that is based on a special application of work principles, more generally on displacement virials. We also review our work in the past on bringing this concept to application in smart structures, such as beams, rods and plates.
P-Cube: Answering Preference Queries in Multi-Dimensional Space (2008)

Many new applications that involve decision making need online ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i.e</i> ., OLAP-styled) preference analysis with multidimensional Boolean selections. Typical preference queries includes top- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</i> queries and skyline queries. An analytical query often comes with a set of Boolean predicates that constrain a target subset of data, which, may also vary incrementally by drilling/rolling operators. To efficiently support preference queries with multiple boolean predicates, neither <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Boolean-then-preference</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nor</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">preference-then-Boolean</i> approach is satisfactory. To integrate Boolean pruning and preference pruning in a unified framework, we propose <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">signature,</i> a new materialization measure for multi-dimensional group-bys. Based on this, we propose <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P-Cube</i> ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i.e.</i> , data cube for preference queries) and study its complete life cycle, including signature generation, compression, decomposition, incremental maintenance and usage for efficient on-line analytical query processing. We present a signature-based progressive algorithm that is able to simultaneously push boolean and preference constraints deep into the database search. Our performance study shows that the proposed method achieves at least one order of magnitude speed-up over existing approaches.
Large Current Radiator for the Short Electromagnetic Pulses Radiation (2006)

One of the most important problems in modern ground penetrating radar design is creating the ultra wide band (UWB) antennas for short sounding electromagnetic pulses (SP) radiation. One of the promising UWB/SP radiators is the Large Current Radiator (LCR). This report discusses the performance of an improved design of a LCR.