gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved appearance-based matching in similar and dynamic environments using a Vocabulary tree (2010)

In this paper we present a topological map building algorithm based on a Vocabulary Tree that is robust to features present in dynamic or similar environments. The algorithm recognises incorrect loop closures, not supported by the odometry, and uses this information to update the feature weights in the tree to suppress further associations from these features. Two methods of adjusting these feature entropies are proposed, one decreasing entropy related to incorrect features in a uniform manner and the other proportional to the contribution of the said feature. Preliminary results showing the performance of the proposed method are presented where it is found that by adjusting the feature entropies, the number of incorrect associations can be reduced while improving the quality of the correct matches.
Quality control of active ingredients in artemisinin‐derivative antimalarials within Kenya and DR Congo (2006)

Counterfeit or substandard artemisinin-derivative drugs are being sold in parts of Africa, presenting a potential route for resistance development in the future. Appropriate measures need to be taken to maintain proper and safe use of these medicines.
Optimization of aperiodic dielectric structures (2006)

The electromagnetic scattering properties of identical parallel dielectric cylinders configured to closely match a desired response are investigated. Spatial arrangements obtained using a computationally efficient gradient-based optimizer and finite difference forward solver are aperiodic and nonintuitive. We find good agreement between calculations and experiments performed at 37.5GHz and suggest that finite-sized aperiodic configurations may provide access to functionality inaccessible by conventional periodic, photonic crystal inspired, designs.
Enantiomeric Separations of Acidic and Neutral Compounds by Capillary Electrochromatography with β-Cyclodextrin-Bonded Positively Charged Polyacrylamide Gels (2000)

The novel enantiomeric separation of acidic and neutral compounds by capillary electrochromatography with β-cyclodextrin-bonded positively charged polyacrylamide gels was examined. The columns used are capillaries filled with a positively charged polyacrylamide gel, a so-called monolithic stationary phase, to which allyl carbamoylated β-CD derivatives covalently bind. The capillary wall was activated first by bifunctional reagent to make the resulting gel bind covalently inside the fused-silica tubing. Enantiomeric separations of sixteen acidic and two neutral compounds were achieved using the above-mentioned columns and 200 mmol dm–3 Tris–300 mmol dm–3 boric acid buffer (pH 8.1) as a mobile phase. High efficiencies of up to 150 000 plates m–1 were obtained for dansyl-DL-amino acids. The within-run and between-run reproducibilities of retention time and separation factor were examined for three dansyl-DL-amino acids and warfarin. The relative standard deviations of the within-run and between-run reproducibilities of retention time were less than 1.2 and 1.3% over the six injections, respectively. Those of the separation factor were less than 0.3 and 0.2%, respectively. The gel-filled capillaries were stable for at least four months with intermittent use.
Characterization of titanium hydride films covered by nanoscale evaporated Au layers: ToF‐SIMS, XPS and AES depth profile analysis (2000)

Thin titanium hydride (TiHy) films, covered by ultrathin gold layers, have been compared with the corresponding titanium films after analysis using a combination of time-of-flight SIMS (ToF-SIMS), XPS and AES. The TiHy layers were prepared under UHV conditions by precisely controlled hydrogen sorption at 298 K on Ti film evaporated onto a glass substrate. Both Ti and TiHy films were then covered in situ by a nanoscale Au layer. Analyses were performed in separate systems after long-term exposure of the films to air. The thin gold layers covering the Ti and TiHy surfaces prevent any extensive air interaction with both films, allowing characterization of the bulk Ti and TiHy layers ex situ, even after a long-term application in air. The chemical nature of the TiHy layers has been analysed after sputtering of the Au top layer. The high-mass-resolution positive-ion ToF-SIMS spectra disclosed only one peak at mass 49 (49Ti+) for the Ti and two peaks at mass 49 (49Ti+ and 48TiH+) for the TiHy film, reflecting a difference in hydrogen concentration. Analysis of the features of the Ti Auger spectra during the sputter profile measurements allows the TiHy to be distinguished and characterized in the bulk region of the Au/TiHy layer. Besides TiHy, TiO and TiOH were detected by XPS to be the main chemical compounds in the interface region of the Au/TiHy film. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preventing database deadlocks in applications (2013)

Many organizations deploy applications that use databases by sending Structured Query Language (SQL) statements to them and obtaining data that result from the execution of these statements. Since applications often share the same databases concurrently, database deadlocks routinely occur in these databases resulting in major performance degradation in these applications. Database engines do not prevent database deadlocks for the same reason that the schedulers of operating system kernels do not preempt processes in a way to avoid race conditions and deadlocks - it is not feasible to find an optimal context switching schedule quickly for multiple processes (and SQL statements), and the overhead of doing it is prohibitive.
Intelligent diagnostic for PROFIBUS DP networks (2012)

Digital networks for industrial automation applications, or fieldbuses, are highly sensitive to fails related to physical installations. Among all fieldbuses, PROFIBUS is one of the most used network protocol in the industrial automation area, and it is the target protocol for this work. Failing to observe technical requirements, by using excessive long cabling or lacking active bus terminals, for instance, may affect the communication performance and alter electrical characteristic of the transmission system, therefore degrading the quality of the signal being transmitted. This kind of problems can be diagnosed by analyzing the voltage levels of the signals from the network devices, considering their characteristic format, or even analyzing the behavior of the devices on the network, for example, when a device does not respond to requests or when a device sporadically connects and disconnects from the network. This work proposes the use of intelligent systems, such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Expert Systems, to perform these analyses. Besides displaying diagnostics, the system also allows the user to visually analyze the signals from the network's physical layer using an oscilloscope, and display the devices that are communicating on the network (Live List), among other features. Support provided by this system may minimize eventual false downtime for the plant and, consequently, decrease possible losses from the processes.
Feedback Inhibition of Chorismate Mutase/Prephenate Dehydrogenase (TyrA) of<i>Escherichia coli</i>: Generation and Characterization of Tyrosine-Insensitive Mutants (2005)

In order to get insights into the feedback regulation by tyrosine of the Escherichia coli chorismate mutase/prephenate dehydrogenase (CM/PDH), which is encoded by the tyrA gene, feedback-inhibition-resistant (fbr) mutants were generated by error-prone PCR. The tyrA(fbr) mutants were selected by virtue of their resistance toward m-fluoro-D,L-tyrosine, and seven representatives were characterized on the biochemical as well as on the molecular level. The PDH activities of the purified His6-tagged TyrA proteins exhibited up to 35% of the enzyme activity of TyrA(WT), but tyrosine did not inhibit the mutant PDH activities. On the other hand, CM activities of the TyrA(fbr) mutants were similar to those of the TyrA(WT) protein. Analyses of the DNA sequences of the tyrA genes revealed that tyrA(fbr) contained amino acid substitutions either at Tyr263 or at residues 354 to 357, indicating that these two sites are involved in the feedback inhibition by tyrosine.
Applications of CeCl<sub>3</sub>as an Environmental Friendly Promoter in Organic Chemistry (2010)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTApplications of CeCl3 as an Environmental Friendly Promoter in Organic ChemistryGiuseppe Bartoli‡, Enrico Marcantoni*†, Mauro Marcolini†, and Letizia Sambri‡View Author Information School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, I-62032 Camerino (MC), and Department of Organic Chemistry "A. Mangini", University of Bologna, viale Risorgimento 4, I-40156 Bologna, Italy* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: +39 0737 402255. Fax: +39 0737 402297. E-mail: [email protected]†Chemical Sciences, University of Camerino.‡Organic Chemistry, University of Bologna.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 10, 6104–6143Publication Date (Web):August 23, 2010Publication History Received8 March 2010Published online23 August 2010Published inissue 13 October 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr100084ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr100084greview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7707Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Anions,Ketones,Reagents,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
Segmentation of color image using deterministic annealing EM (2002)

We present a color image segmentation algorithm based on statistical models. A novel deterministic annealing EM (expectation maximisation) formula is used to estimate the parameters of the Gaussian mixture model which represents the muti-colored objects statistically. The experimental results show that the proposed deterministic annealing EM provides a global optimal solution for the maximum likelihood parameter estimation and the image field is segmented efficiently by using the estimates.
Personalization of search engine services for effective retrieval and knowledge management (2000)

The Internet and corporate intranets provide far more information than anybody can absorb. People use search engines to find the information they require. However, these systems tend to use only one fixed term weighting strategy regardless of the context to which it applies, posing serious performance problems when characteristics of different users, queries, and text collections are taken into consideration. In this paper, we argue that the term weighting strategy should be context specific, that is, different term weighting strategies should be applied to different contexts, and we propose a new systematic approach that can automatically generate term weighting strategies for different contexts based on genetic programming (GP). The new proposed framework was tested on TREC data and the results are very promising.
Least-cost high-quality object retrieval for distributed multimedia collaborations (2003)

In a collaborative network, retrieval of media objects from corresponding servers introduces many challenges. A major challenge is the multi-objective route establishment requirement, where various QoS and object quality parameters should be simultaneously optimized. This task requires new quality-based routing algorithms. We present optimistic, pessimistic and hybrid algorithms that optimize the media delivery costs while maximizing the quality of the transmitted objects. We also report on simulation results to show the applicability of these algorithms for varying sizes of collaborative networks. These algorithms can be implemented either as sub-application-layer solutions in an information-centric network or as application-layer information sharing/communication protocols between collaborators.
A Coupled Global Registration and Segmentation Framework With Application to Magnetic Resonance Prostate Imagery (2010)

Extracting the prostate from magnetic resonance (MR) imagery is a challenging and important task for medical image analysis and surgical planning. We present in this work a unified shape-based framework to extract the prostate from MR prostate imagery. In many cases, shape-based segmentation is a two-part problem. First, one must properly align a set of training shapes such that any variation in shape is not due to pose. Then segmentation can be performed under the constraint of the learnt shape. However, the general registration task of prostate shapes becomes increasingly difficult due to the large variations in pose and shape in the training sets, and is not readily handled through existing techniques. Thus, the contributions of this paper are twofold. We first explicitly address the registration problem by representing the shapes of a training set as point clouds. In doing so, we are able to exploit the more global aspects of registration via a certain particle filtering based scheme. In addition, once the shapes have been registered, a cost functional is designed to incorporate both the local image statistics as well as the learnt shape prior. We provide experimental results, which include several challenging clinical data sets, to highlight the algorithm's capability of robustly handling supine/prone prostate registration and the overall segmentation task.
Functional knockdown of neuropilin‐1 in the developing chick nervous system by siRNA hairpins phenocopies genetic ablation in the mouse (2004)

The chick embryo is widely used for the study of vertebrate development, but a general, reliable loss-of-function strategy for the analysis of gene function is currently not available. By using small inhibitory hairpin RNA (siRNA) molecules generated by the mouse U6 promoter, we have applied an RNA interference approach to achieve quantitative knockdown of the neuropilin-1 (Nrp-1) receptor in chick embryos. Functional knockdown was evident in the abolition of Sema3A-induced growth cone collapse in Nrp-1-siRNA but not Nrp-2-siRNA-expressing dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Two nervous system defects in Nrp-1 mutant mice were phenocopied in embryos treated with Nrp-1 siRNA. First, DRG axons prematurely entered the dorsal horn and projected inappropriately. Second, targeted early migrating neural crest cells destined for the sympathetic chain arrested ectopically within ventral spinal nerve roots. Localized knockdown induced by specific siRNA constructs will allow rapid functional analysis of genes regulating chick neural development whilst circumventing embryonic lethal effects often associated with global gene knockout in the mouse.
CYTOCENTERING : A Novel Technique Enabling Automated Cell-by-Cell Patch Clamping with the C YTO P ATCH ™ Chip (2003)

Automats for patch clamping suspended cells in whole-cell configuration must (1) bring isolated cells in contact with patch contacts, (2) form gigaseals, and (3) establish stable intracellular access that allows for high quality recording of ionic currents. Single openings in planar substrates seem to be intriguing simple solutions for these problems, but due to the low rate of formation of whole-cell configurations we discarded this approach. Single openings are not suited for both attracting cells to the opening by suction and forming gigaseals with subsequent membrane rupture. To settle the three tasks with a mechanical microstructure we developed the so-called C YTOCENTERING technique to apply to suspended cells the same operation sequence as in conventional patch clamping. With this method we immobilized selected cells from a flowing suspension on the tip of a patch pipette by suction with a success rate of 97% and formed gigaseals with a success rate of 68%. Subsequent whole-cell recordings and intracellular staining with Lucifer yellow proved the stable access to the cytoplasm. Currently, a chip with an embedded suction opening in glass surrounding the micro-structured contact pipette is under development. The processing of this C YTO P ATCH ™ chip is compatible to large-volume production. The C YTO P ATCH ™ automat will allow for fully automated, parallel, and asynchronous whole-cell recordings.
World population highlights: key findings from PRB's 2010 world population data sheet. (2010)

World population has reached a transition point: The rapid growth of the second half of the 20th century has slowed. But factors such as continuously improving mortality and slower than expected declines in birth rates guarantee continued growth. There are large differences between the age structure of populations in developed and developing countries and the demands they place on societies. Youth dependency is relatively low in developed countries and significantly greater in developing countries. Improved health and living standards increased access to education and economic growth have led to lower fertility rates and longer life expectancy in every region and across socioeconomic groups. While this shift represents a major global success story aging populations also present challenges. Women are essential to the demographic dividend—the potential of a large cohort of youth to provide a boost to economic growth. But in a majority of countries women are more likely to be unemployed than men. An estimated 1.5 million deaths are caused by diarrhea each year largely due to lack of clean drinking water poor sanitation and hygiene and poor nutrition and health status. Improving sanitation reduces diarrhea deaths. The most recent data indicate that progress in meeting the Millennium Development Goal target on sanitation is insufficient.
The N-terminal PIN domain of the exosome subunit Rrp44 harbors endonuclease activity and tethers Rrp44 to the yeast core exosome (2009)

Nuclear and cytoplasmic forms of the yeast exosome share 10 components, of which only Rrp44/Dis3 is believed to possess 3' exonuclease activity. We report that expression only of Rrp44 lacking 3'-exonuclease activity (Rrp44-exo) supports growth in S288c-related strains (BY4741). In BY4741, rrp44-exo was synthetic-lethal with loss of the cytoplasmic 5'-exonuclease Xrn1, indicating block of mRNA turnover, but not with loss of the nuclear 3'-exonuclease Rrp6. The RNA processing phenotype of rrp44-exo was milder than that seen on Rrp44 depletion, indicating that Rrp44-exo retains important functions. Recombinant Rrp44 was shown to possess manganese-dependent endonuclease activity in vitro that was abolished by four point mutations in the putative metal binding residues of its N-terminal PIN domain. Rrp44 lacking both exonuclease and endonuclease activity failed to support growth in strains depleted of endogenous Rrp44. Strains expressing Rrp44-exo and Rrp44-endo-exo exhibited different RNA processing patterns in vivo suggesting Rrp44-dependent endonucleolytic cleavages in the 5'-ETS and ITS2 regions of the pre-rRNA. Finally, the N-terminal PIN domain was shown to be necessary and sufficient for association with the core exosome, indicating its dual function as a nuclease and structural element.
Highlight removal for camera captured documents based on image stitching (2016)

In camera captured document image analysis, specular highlights on glossy document surfaces often have negative effects on state-of-the-art Optical Character Recognition systems. Traditional highlight removal methods rely on either texture information from a single image or specific hardware setups to fuse complementary visual cues from multiple images. Motivated by the image stitching approaches to seamless panorama creation, we propose to remove specular highlights by capturing a pair of images from two viewing angles and merge their specular-free regions to produce an enhanced image eligible for character recognition. Compared to traditional solutions, our stitching based method can deal with document images with severe specular highlights, and eliminate the need for specific hardware devices or rigorous setup. Experimental results on various glossy document images demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our method.
The Reduction of Picryl Chloride to 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene<sup>1</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reduction of Picryl Chloride to 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene1A. H. Blatt and E. W. TristramCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 24, 6273–6274Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01144a502https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01144a502research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views141Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts