gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bispectral analysis of speech (2002)

Bispectral analysis is a more suitable signal processing approach for certain speech applications than conventional spectral analysis. There are two major reasons for applying the bispectral approach: (1) the bispectrum carries the signal phase information, and can thus be used to estimate the signal waveform and not just its spectrum; (2) since the third order moments of a Gaussian noise are all zero, the bispectral estimator is a better estimator of a voiced speech signal in the presence of Gaussian noise. Two examples demonstrate the advantages of this approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structural Colors: From Plasmonic to Carbon Nanostructures (2011)

In addition to colorant-based pigmentation, structure is a major contributor to a material's color. In nature, structural color is often caused by the interaction of light with dielectric structures whose dimensions are on the order of visible-light wavelengths. Different optical interactions including multilayer interference, light scattering, the photonic crystal effect, and combinations thereof give rise to selective transmission or reflection of particular light wavelengths, which leads to the generation of structural color. Recent developments in nanofabrication of plasmonic and carbon nanostructures have opened another efficient way to control light properties at the subwavelength scale, including visible-light wavelength selection, which can produce structural color. In this Concept, the most relevant and representative achievements demonstrated over the last several years are presented and analyzed. These plasmonic and carbon nanostructures are believed to offer great potential for high-resolution color displays and spectral filtering applications.
Information systems evaluation: From accounting theory to systems theory through practice. (1995)

Excerpt: "This paper provides an overview of current information systems evaluation practice. By highlighting the inadequacies of some commonly used techniques, the aim is to demonstrate how a move from the rational, reductionist perspective of accounting theory to a holistic, systemic one might ameliorate many of the difficulties experienced by information systems practitioners and their clients. Specifically, the capacity of systems theory to more adequately cope with the temporal aspects of evaluation is discussed."(p.373)
The Surgical Marking Pen (1987)

A study has been undertaken to objectively evaluate the available surgical marking pens. Representative samples were requested from manufacturers of marking pens. Standardized skin preparations were utilized in accordance with the recommendation of the manufacturer of the skin-preparation substance (Betadine, pHisoHex, Hibiclens). Evaluation of the marking pens was done by the ability to make an easily discernible mark and maintain this ability over a 1-year storage interval. Objective evaluation demonstrated a marked variation in effectiveness of the marking pens. Consideration of skin-preparation solutions and types of marking pens are discussed.
Water-Mediated Selective Synthesis of Pyrazolo[1,5-<i>a</i>]quinazolin-5(4<i>H</i>)-ones and [1,2,4]Triazolo[1,5-<i>a</i>]quinazolin-5(4<i>H</i>)-one via Copper-Catalyzed Cascade Reactions (2015)

A convenient and sustainable synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5-a]quinazolin-5(4H)-ones and [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]quinazolin-5(4H)-one through copper-catalyzed cascade reactions of 2-bromobenzoates with 1H-pyrazol-5-amines or 1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-amine under ligand-free conditions in water is presented. It is notable that aqueous medium turned out to be crucial for the chemoselective formation of the title compounds. Compared with literature protocols, this new method showed advantages such as simple and sustainable procedure, commercially available starting materials, and convenient reuse of the reaction medium together with the copper catalyst.
American Psychologist: Announcements. (2003)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Analysis of apoptotic cells using Beadlyte <sup>®</sup> suspension arrays (2003)

Here we describe a new approach to study apoptosis pathways using multiplex suspension arrays. Apoptosis was induced in Jurkat T cells using the protein synthesis inhibitor, anisomycin. Cells grown in 96-well plates were treated with anisomycin for up to 7 h, washed, and lysed in their respective wells. Samples of each lysate were analyzed using Beadlyte suspension arrays consisting of total Akt/PKB, phosphorylated Akt/PKB, active caspase-3, and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-specific Beadmate microspheres and quantified with the X-MAP system. We found that phosphorylated Akt levels dropped dramatically with 2 h or more of anisomycin treatment, whereas active caspase-3 levels rose sharply with 2 h of treatment, signifying the onset of apoptosis. Longer incubation with anisomycin showed increases in ssDNA, which is consistent with the characteristic degradation of DNA that occurs in late-stage apoptosis. This approach demonstrates how apoptosis pathways can be studied from a small amount of sample without the use of more lengthy techniques such as immunoprecipitation or Western blotting. The suspension array is being expanded to measure many other intracellular proteins including posttranslational modifications and should prove to be extremely useful for studying apoptosis and other important cellular pathways.
GPS-based Automatic Driving Control in Local Area with Course of Large Curvature and Parking Space (2004)

Vehicle motion control algorithms for fully automatic driving in a local area are proposed and investigated in this paper. Current automotive technologies for automatic driving have encountered the problems of system reliability, human factors and responsibility of accident. A fully automatic driving system, however, can be realized relatively easily as long as it is operated in a local area such as a campus or a site of an institute. This study is aiming at investigating human factors, system reliability and methodology of system management by operating a fully automatic driving system in the campus. In this paper, experimental studies are carried out for developing such a fully automatic driving system using a precise GPS. Two control algorithms for automatic driving in a local area is proposed. One is control algorithm for tracking a trajectory with small radius of curvature, and the other is that for automatic parking. Experimental results clarified that a controlled vehicle can track a trajectory with curvature of more than 0.2, and can accurately park in a parking space with reverse movement by the proposed control algorithms.
The Nature of the Alumina‐Rich Phase in the System La <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> ‐Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> (1978)

Of the two formulas previously reported for the compound on the alumina‐rich side of the system La 2 O 3 ‐Al 2 O 3 , present experimental results indicate that LaAl 11 O 18 is correct. This compound melts congruently at ∼2000°C and has a hexagonal structure with lattice parameters of a 0 = 5.561± 0.007 Å and c 0 =22.041± 0.004 Å. Compositions fired at 1650° showed invariant powder diffraction patterns whereas those fired at 1450°C exhibited X‐ray patterns which varied both in numbers and relative intensities of lines. When the samples which had been initially fired at 1450° were refired at 1650°, the X‐ray patterns changed to the invariant 1650°C pattern. This behavior appears to be related to an ordering mechanism in which the La 3+ cations are distributed between two types of cation sites in the hexagonal lattice.
Application Of Electron Trapping (ET) Materials To Optical Parallel Logic Processing (1990)

Novel electron trapping (ET) materials capable of performing optical parallel Boolean logic operations are described. An application to binary full addition based on a newly developed parallel algorithm is discussed, and experimental results are presented.
A Bioinformatic Approach to the Identification of Candidate Genes for the Development of New Cancer Diagnostics (2003)

A multivariate analysis of the National Cancer Institute gene expression database is reported here. The soft independent modelling of a class analogy approach achieved cell line classification according to histological origin. With the PCA method, based on the expression of 9605 genes and ESTs, classification of colon, leukaemia, renal, melanoma and CNS cells could be performed, but not of lung, breast and ovarian cells. Another multivariate procedure, called partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), provides bioinformatic clues for the selection of a limited number of gene transcripts most effective in discriminating different tumoral histotypes. Among them it is possible to identify candidates in the development of new diagnostic tests for cancer detection and unknown genes deserving high priority in further studies. In particular, melan-A, acid phosphatase 5, dopachrome tautomerase, S100-beta and acid ceramidase were found to be among the most important genes for melanoma. The potential of the present bioinformatic approach is exemplified by its ability to identify differentiation and diagnostic markers already in use in clinical settings, such as protein S-100, a prognostic parameter in patients with metastatic melanoma and a screening marker for melanoma metastasis.
A rechargeable zinc-air battery based on zinc peroxide chemistry (2020)

Rechargeable alkaline zinc-air batteries promise high energy density and safety but suffer from the sluggish 4 electron (e<sup>-</sup>)/oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) chemistry that requires participation of water and from the electrochemical irreversibility originating from parasitic reactions caused by caustic electrolytes and atmospheric carbon dioxide. Here, we report a zinc-O<sub>2</sub>/zinc peroxide (ZnO<sub>2</sub>) chemistry that proceeds through a 2e<sup>-</sup>/O<sub>2</sub> process in nonalkaline aqueous electrolytes, which enables highly reversible redox reactions in zinc-air batteries. This ZnO<sub>2</sub> chemistry was made possible by a water-poor and zinc ion (Zn<sup>2+</sup>)-rich inner Helmholtz layer on the air cathode caused by the hydrophobic trifluoromethanesulfonate anions. The nonalkaline zinc-air battery thus constructed not only tolerates stable operations in ambient air but also exhibits substantially better reversibility than its alkaline counterpart.
Anonymizing Face Images by Using Similarity-Based Metric (2013)

Vast numbers of face images are posted and circulated daily on social network and photo-sharing sites. Some face images are linked to the person's name, like those on user profile pages, while others are anonymized due to privacy concerns. If an anonymized face image is linked to a named one, that person's privacy is infringed. One way to overcome this privacy problem is to anonymize face images when they are posted on social networks. However, current face anonymization methods fail to meet two key requirements: being provably secure against de-anonymization and enabling users to control the trade-off between security and usability (similarity to the original face) of the anonymized face images. We are developing a similarity-based method for face anonymization that meets both requirements in those cases where a new face image of a person is to be posted when many face images including those of that person are already posted. The basic idea is to hide the new face image in s face images that are equally similar to the face image of the same person. We theoretically demonstrated that the probability of an attacker correctly linking the anonymized face image to an image of the same person is less than 1/s. We also showed theoretically and confirmed experimentally, with 150 sample face images, that the larger the s, the less usable the anonymized face image. The security of our method holds in spite of future improvements in face recognition tools.
Anti-infective Properties of the Golden Spice Curcumin (2019)

The search for novel anti-infectives is one of the most important challenges in natural product research, as diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungi are influencing the human society all over the world. Natural compounds are a continuing source of novel anti-infectives. Accordingly, curcumin, has been used for centuries in Asian traditional medicine to treat various disorders. Numerous studies have shown that curcumin possesses a wide spectrum of biological and pharmacological properties, acting, for example, as anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and anti-neoplastic, while no toxicity is associated with the compound. Recently, curcumin's antiviral and antibacterial activity was investigated, and it was shown to act against various important human pathogens like the influenza virus, hepatitis C virus, HIV and strains of <i>Staphylococcus</i>, <i>Streptococcus</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas</i>. Despite the potency, curcumin has not yet been approved as a therapeutic antiviral agent. This review summarizes the current knowledge and future perspectives of the antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal effects of curcumin.
Structure-Activity Relationship (II). Structure and Activity of Folate Analogues (1993)

To find out a correlation between anti-folate activity and physical properties of folate analogues, geometric parameters, dipole moment, net charges, HOMO and LUMO energies were calculated. The electronic properties do not give any correlations with inhibition of folate reductase, but the calculated geometries show some correlations
Le Mexique dans les archives diplomatiques et consulaires de France (1969)

Cette liste n'a aucune pretention et ne saurait nullement etre consideree comme complete ; dans la mesure ou elle pourrait rendre plus facile le premier abord de ces archives et accelerer le travail des etudiants et autres chercheurs, j'ai accepte de la rediger a la demande du Centre d'Histoire du Colegio de Mexico. Apres l'Independance, les grandes puissances se sont immediatement interessees a la jeune grande nation et l'on peut dire que la France a essaye de jouer, au meme titre que l'Angleterre mais peutetre plus encore, le role que le destin manifeste (et geographique) assignait aux Etats-Unis. D'ou l'interet de la correspondance diplomatique et consulaire qui se revele souvent etre d'une valeur infiniment superieure a ce que l'on a l'habitude d'attendre d'un genre aussi classique que superficiel. L'essentiel de la documentation se trouve rassemble au Quai d'Orsay et nous avons pu y consulter 79 volumes qui vont de 1826 a 1896; il s'agit de la correspondance diplomatique proprement dite,
Light scattering by pores in polycrystalline materials: Transmission properties of alumina (1974)

The in-line transmission of polycrystalline high-density ceramics is discussed in terms of light scattering by pores. The Mie theory for light scattering is applied to calculate scattering coefficients using generalized parameters. Results are shown for scattering by spherical pores with uniform size and with a lognormal size distribution. Specific examples are given of the calculated transmission of alumina in the wavelength region 0.4–5 μm. Experimentally determined transmission curves of normally sintered and of hot-pressed alumina are compared with calculated curves. The porosity, the position of the maximum, and the width of the lognormal distribution are treated as variables in the calculation. Good agreement with the experimental data is obtained.
Distributed synchronization in wireless networks (2008)

This article has explored history, recent advances, and challenges in distributed synchronization for distributed wireless systems. It is focused on synchronization schemes based on exchange of signals at the physical layer and corresponding baseband processing, wherein analysis and design can be performed using known tools from signal processing. Emphasis has also been given on the synergy between distributed synchronization and distributed estimation/detection problems. Finally, we have touched upon synchronization of nonperiodic (chaotic) signals. Overall, we hope to have conveyed the relevance of the subject and to have provided insight on the open issues and available analytical tools that could inspire further research within the signal processing community.
ENERGY SCALING OF PHASE-CONJUGATE LASERS AND BRILLOUIN CONJUGATORS (1993)

Phase conjugation offers a practical, realistic approach for scaling solid-state lasers to high energies and high peak powers with a minimum increase in complexity. The specific approach reviewed in this article involves coherently combining the outputs of multiple parallel amplifiers in a single phase-conjugate oscillator-amplifier configuration. In this configuration, the use of phase conjugation eliminates the phase distortions that would otherwise result from individual amplifiers having different optical lengths. Using this approach, the laser output energy can be scaled well beyond the limits imposed by traditional volume constraints of crystalline laser media. Since an increase in output energy also implies an increase in the energy incident on the phase-conjugate mirror (PCM), the energy scalability of PCMs based on stimulated Brillouin scattering has been actively investigated over the past decade. Practical single-cell PCMS offer somewhat limited energy scaling potential. However, the investigations reviewed in this article show that a series combination of two Brillouin cells can accommodate energies of several tens of joules. Finally, we suggest how future development efforts involving diode-pumped solid-state lasers will also benefit from application of phase conjugation when medium energies or high pulse repetition frequencies are required.
Magnitude and Breadth of a Nonprotective Neutralizing Antibody Response in an Efficacy Trial of a Candidate HIV‐1 gp120 Vaccine (2010)

Weak overall neutralizing antibody responses against tier 2 viruses is consistent with a lack of protection in this trial. The magnitude and breadth of neutralization reported here should be useful for identifying improved vaccines.
Exendin-4 Potently Decreases Ghrelin Levels in Fasting Rats (2006)

Ghrelin is a potent orexigenic and adipogenic hormone that strongly influences fat deposition and the generation of hunger in obesity. Indeed, hyperghrelinemia appears to promote an increase in food intake as seen in Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS). Exendin (Ex)-4 is an agonist of the glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor (GLP-1r) that has anorexigenic and fat-reducing properties. Here, we report that Ex-4 reduces the levels of ghrelin by up to 74% in fasted rats. These effects are dose dependent and long lasting (up to 8 h), and they can be detected after both central and peripheral administration of Ex-4. Suppression of ghrelin was neither mimicked by GLP-1(7-36)-NH(2) nor blocked by the GLP-1r antagonist Ex-(9-39). Moreover, it was independent of the levels of leptin and insulin. The decrease in ghrelin levels induced by Ex-4 may explain the reduced food intake in fasted rats, justifying the more potent anorexigenic effects of Ex-4 when compared with GLP-1. As well as the potential benefits of Ex-4 in type 2 diabetes, the potent effects of Ex-4 on ghrelin make it tempting to speculate that Ex-4 could offer a therapeutic option for PWS and other syndromes characterized by substantial amounts of circulating ghrelin.
Targeting T and B Lymphocytes in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Lessons from Clinical Trials (2013)

Both innate and adaptive immunity play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). There is strong evidence that especially activated T cells initiate and perpetuate inflammation and tissue destruction. The increased numbers of CD4+ T cells in the intestinal wall of IBD patients may be explained by enhanced influx/activation and decreased apoptosis of these cells. Several studies have demonstrated that the gut-homing receptors CCR9 and α4β7 are selectively induced on T cells during their priming in intestinal inflamed sites. Whereas targeting of activated CD4+ T cells by specific antibody strategies or neutralization of key T-cell cytokines such as IL-2 or IFN-γ has not been effective in human IBD, blocking migration of activated leukocytes, e.g. T cells into the inflamed tissue by specific antibodies such as vedolizumab, seems highly effective. Recently it could also been demonstrated that administration of antigen-specific regulatory T cells to patients with refractory Crohn's disease was not only well tolerated but showed promising results. The role of B cells in human IBD is less clear. B-cell depletion has so far only been studied in ulcerative colitis where rituximab (anti-CD20) therapy failed. Therefore, although the therapeutic targeting of 'inflammatory' T and B cells was not successful in IBD, especially T cells remain key players in IBD. Targeting either T-cell migration or the use of regulatory T cells appears as the most promising 'T-cell-directed' therapies in the future.
Quaternary glaciation in Africa: key chronologies and climatic implications (2008)

Abstract Multiple episodes of Quaternary glaciation are evidenced on >10 distinct mountain localities throughout Africa, with the best dated sites from Kilimanjaro and Mt Kenya in equatorial East Africa. A general paucity of radiogenic dates constrains the glacial chronology, and regional sequences have largely been based on correlations by relative weathering of features. Excellent glacial moraine preservation and other features of erosion put limits on the spatial extent of palaeoglaciers, and have facilitated advances in palaeo‐equilibrium line altitude (ELA) analyses. All radiocarbon dates ( n < 30) provide minimum ages of deglaciation, and are consistent with a widespread synchronous advance during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 21 ± 2 ka). K–Ar dates on Kilimanjaro lava flows initially recognised up to three glaciations prior to the LGM. Over 100 cosmogenic radionuclide (CRN) 36 Cl exposure ages on glacial erratics and bedrock from Kilimanjaro and Mt Kenya date 16 landforms, confirming maximum glacial extent prior to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 10. No glacial geological features have been dated to MIS 6. While on Kilimanjaro the CRN ages confirm a clear LGM (MIS 2) maximum, Mt Kenya lacks definitive LGM moraines. Lateglacial advances or stillstands on both mountains are suggested by low‐relief moraines dating to 14.6 ± 1.2 ka (two boulders) on Mt Kenya and 16.3 ± 1.9 ka and 15.8 ± 2.5 ka on Kilimanjaro. Multiple moraines upvalley have early Holocene ages ranging from 11.2 ± 0.8 to 8.6 ± 0.2 ka. Isolated and equivocal dates on both mountains also provide speculative evidence that the maximum extent since MIS 5e may have occurred close to 30 ka, similar to sites in South America. New palaeoclimatic understanding from lake and ocean proxies suggests hypotheses for the source of low‐latitude climate changes causing the advances that can be tested with improved dates. A high degree of intra‐regional variance in ELA is observed, with differences by aspect reflecting precipitation gradients. Future work should include more CRN dates, improved mapping and inverse climate–mass balance modelling. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.