gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stretchable surfaces with programmable 3D texture morphing for synthetic camouflaging skins (2017)

Technologies that use stretchable materials are increasingly important, yet we are unable to control how they stretch with much more sophistication than inflating balloons. Nature, however, demonstrates remarkable control of stretchable surfaces; for example, cephalopods can project hierarchical structures from their skin in milliseconds for a wide range of textural camouflage. Inspired by cephalopod muscular morphology, we developed synthetic tissue groupings that allowed programmable transformation of two-dimensional (2D) stretchable surfaces into target 3D shapes. The synthetic tissue groupings consisted of elastomeric membranes embedded with inextensible textile mesh that inflated to within 10% of their target shapes by using a simple fabrication method and modeling approach. These stretchable surfaces transform from flat sheets to 3D textures that imitate natural stone and plant shapes and camouflage into their background environments.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Terpenoid Compounds from α‐Santonin (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Optimum Passive Signal Processing for Array Delay Vector Estimation (1972)

Abstract : For the purpose of localizing a distant noisy target, or inversely, calibrating the receiving array, the time delays defined by the propagation across the array of the target-generated signal wavefronts are to be estimated in the presence of array self-noise. The Cramer-Rao matrix bound is used to show that either properly filtered beamformers or properly filtered systems of multiplier correlators can be used to provide efficient estimates. The effect of suboptimally filtering the array outputs is discussed.
Synthesis and characterisation of chelated cationic Re<sup>I</sup>(CO)<sub>3</sub>bis(NHC)(WCA) complexes (2013)

Twelve novel Re(I) acetonitrile complexes of the type [Re(CO)3(L)(MeCN)][WCA], with L being a chelating bis(NHC) ligand with alkylene-bridged and N-substituted bis(imidazolineylidene) moieties, and WCA (WCA = weakly coordinating anion) representing PF6(-) and [Al(OC(CF3)3)4](-), have been synthesized. 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy as well as IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and X-ray crystallography have been applied in characterization. The propylene-bridged complex, displaying mesitylene groups R, is discussed in depth revealing interesting chemical behaviour both in solid state and in solution. DFT calculations were undertaken to better understand the properties of such compounds. In addition, the X-ray molecular structure of the first rhenium CCC pincer complex is reported.
Highly Li-Stuffed Garnet-Type Li<sub>7+x</sub>La<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>2-x</sub>Y<sub>x</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (2013)

We report the synthesis, microstructure and Li ion conductivity of Li-stuffed garnet-type metal oxides, with nominal chemical formulae Li7.06La3Zr1.94Y0.06O12 and Li7.16La3Zr1.84Y0.16O12. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) shows the formation of cubic garnet-type structure at 950°C (12 h in air) with cell constant of 12.974(3) Å and 12.995(2) Å for Li7.06La3Zr1.94Y0.06O12 and Li7.16La3Zr1.84Y0.16O12, respectively. The slight increase in cubic cell constant is consistent with Y-substitution for Zr in Li7La3Zr2O12. For samples sintered at 1100–1150°C, PXRD displays multi-phase mixtures, but the garnet-type structure remained the major phase. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies show an average crystallite size in the range of 2–5 μm, and particle size increases with increasing sintering temperature, as anticipated. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) elemental mapping show single homogenous distribution of elements, for samples prepared at 950°C. Electrochemical AC impedance spectra exhibit mainly bulk contribution at temperatures higher than 150°C, and at low temperature, we see contributions from bulk and grain-boundary resistance. The bulk electrical conductivity of the sample was found to be comparable to those of the high temperature tetragonal Li7La3Zr2O12 phase. The electrical conductivity of Y-doped samples investigated in the present work was ∼10−6 Scm−1 at 23°C with an activation energy of 0.47 eV. The lower conductivity of this Y-doped garnet was explained based on Raman spectroscopy and SEM analysis.
Phase change memory for neuromorphic systems and applications (2013)

In this paper we summarize our recent results in the field of neuromorphic hardware design using synapses based on Phase Change Memory (PCM) devices. Emulation of synaptic plasticity effects such as long term potentiation/depression (LTP/LTD) and learning rules like spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) are emphasized. We discuss implementation of large-scale low-power spiking neural networks (SNN) with two fundamentally different approaches: (i) Multi-level deterministic synapses and (ii) Binary stochastic synapses. Prototype application of fully unsupervised learning such as complex visual pattern extraction is also discussed.
Comparison of a Novel FiberWire-Button Construct versus Metallic Screw Fixation in a Syndesmotic Injury Model (2008)

Background: There is minimal experience with less rigid syndesmotic fixation devices which may approximate the normal distal tibio-fibular mechanics during healing. This study evaluates the ability of a FiberWire-button implant (Arthrex, Naples, FL) to maintain syndesmotic reduction as compared with a metallic screw. Methods: Ten matched fresh-frozen cadaveric ankle pairs with intact ligaments were tested (12.5 Nm external rotation force) to establish physiologic syndesmotic diastasis. The same force was applied to the ankles after sectioning of the syndesmotic and deltoid ligaments. Within the pairs, each limb was randomized to receive a FiberWire-button implant or a metallic screw (Synthes, Paoli, PA); the ankles were tested for syndesmotic diastasis with progressive external rotation force, from 2.5 Nm to 25 Nm (or failure). Results: There was no significant difference in diastasis amongst pairs with intact or sectioned syndesmosis ( p = 0.64 and p = 0.80, respectively). There was a significantly greater diastasis in the FiberWire-button group at all external rotation loads ( p < 0.0001). Nine of the ten pairs failed (all through fracture of the distal fibula). There were no hardware failures. The metallic screw group failed at a lower load (mean 15 Nm) compared to the FiberWire-button group (mean 18 Nm, p = 0.0004). The metallic screw group maintained syndesmotic reduction up to 5 Nm of force. Conclusions: The FiberWire-button was unable to maintain syndesmotic reduction of the ankles at any of the forces applied. The ankles fixed with the FiberWire-button demonstrated significantly greater widening of the syndesmosis compared to the screw, at all loads. Clinical Relevance: The FiberWire-button implant may not maintain adequate ankle syndesmotic reduction in the immediate post-operative period relative to a metallic screw.
Low-Dose Acarbose Improves Glycemic Control in NIDDM Patients Without Changes in Insulin Sensitivity (1993)

When administered in the powdered form at the low dose of 25 mg 3 times/day with meals over 3 mo, acarbose was well tolerated by the NIDDM patients and was without side effects. It improved glycemic control by reducing postprandial hyperglycemia, but had no effect on glucose turnover, insulin sensitivity, or lipid profile.
Neodymium fiber lasers at 0.905, 1.06, and 1.4 μm (1986)

Extending earlier reports with lightly doped Nd fiber lasers, 1 cw lasers have been made from singlespatial mode fibers doped with relatively high concentrations of neodymium and end pumped with GaAIAs laser diodes emitting at 0.8 m and a krypton-ion laser at 0.752 and 0.799 μ m. The fibers were drawn from MCVD prepared silica glass preforms doped by vapor transported neodymium compounds. The e -1 lifetimes for various concentrations of Nd 2 O 3 were measured and are reported. The fiber lengths varied from 1 to 20 cm. The lowest threshold at 1.06 μ m was 0.09 mw incident on the fiber core for 99% reflectors. For emission at 0.905 μ m from a 0.5-wt. % Nd 2 O 3 , 5-cm fiber, the threshold was 4.3 mW for reflectivities of 15, 94, and 20% at 0.8, 0.905, and 1.06 μ m. At 1.4 μ m, threshold was 6 mW for reflectivities of 10 and 99% at 1.06 and 1.4 μ m. At 1.06 μ m the linewidth at threshold was a few angstroms and broadened to over 5 nm, well above threshold. Replacing the exit end reflector with an etalon of two 50% reflectors separated by 5–50 μ m gave a few angstroms linewidth tunable over 15 nm. At 1.06- μ m oscillator temporal behavior, the singlepass amplifier, and its use as a superradiant source is described.
Measurements in subsonic and supersonic free jets using a laser velocimeter (1979)

Velocity measurements in a 51 mm diameter turbulent jet are presented. The measurement programme is conducted in two parts. The first part is devoted to the validation of laser velocimeter (LV) data. This consists of comparative measurements with the LV and a hot-wire anemometer. The second part consists of a survey of the jet flow field at Mach 0·28, 0·90, and 1·37 under ambient temperature conditions. Radial and centre-line distributions of the axial and radial, mean and fluctuating velocities are obtained. The distributions indicate a decrease in the spreading rate of the mixing layer with increasing Mach number and a corresponding lengthening of the potential core. The results further indicate that these two parameters vary with the square of the jet Mach number. Radial distributions collapse when plotted in terms of ση*, where σ = 10.7/(1 - 0.273 M J 2 ) and η * = ( r − r 0·5 )/ x . This is true for distributions in planes located as far downstream as two potential core lengths. The collapsed data of mean velocity can be approximated by a Görtler error function profile: \[ U/U_J = 0.5[1-{\rm erf}(\sigma\eta^{*})]. \] Centre-line distributions at various Mach numbers also collapse if plotted in terms of x / x c , x c being the potential core length. A general equation for the collapsed data of mean velocity is given by: U / U J = 1 - exp{1.35/(1 - x / x c )}, for the range of Mach numbers 0·3-1·4, where x c = 4.2 + 1.1 M J 2 .
Rapid, Direct Tissue Culture Test for Toxigenicity of <i>Corynebacterium Diphtheriae</i> (1973)

A method for testing toxigenicity of Corynebacterium diphtheriae in tissue culture is described. The technique, called the colony overlay test (COT), involves inoculating material from an isolated colony of C. diphtheriae to a small area on the surface of an agar medium which overlays a monolayer of toxin-susceptible HeLa cells. If toxin is produced during incubation at 37 C, it diffuses to the tissue monolayer and destroys the cells below the inoculation site. Twenty-four hours after inoculation, organisms are killed and tissue cells are fixed with formaldehyde. The agar overlay is then removed, and the monolayer is stained with crystal violet. Toxin-affected areas fail to stain or stain poorly. A second plate with antitoxin incorporated in the overlay serves as a control for specificity. Forty-eight strains of C. diphtheriae were tested by the COT, guinea pig, and in vitro, gel diffusion tests. The COT is as specific as the other two tests, is easy to read, and can be used to test large numbers of isolates for toxin action more conveniently than by animal inoculation.
Atopic Dermatitis-Like Symptoms in HR-1 Hairless Mice Fed a Diet Low in Magnesium and Zinc (2004)

We aimed to develop an animal model for atopic dermatitis. HR-1 hairless mice fed a diet with reduced magnesium and zinc levels were compared with mice fed a standard diet. Skin dryness and wrinkle-like changes, scratching behaviour, decreased skin water content, increased transepidermal water loss and raised blood immunoglobulin E levels were seen in the group receiving the reduced magnesium and zinc diet compared with control mice. There were no significant differences in body weight or the weight of the major organs between the two groups. Haematological examination in both groups was normal apart from increased immunoglobulin E levels in mice fed a reduced magnesium and zinc diet. These mice may be useful models of atopic dermatitis; preparation of the animals is not particularly time consuming, the reproducibility is 100%, and atopic dermatitis symptoms occur even in a specific pathogen-free environment.
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae colonization (CRE) and subsequent risk of infection and 90-day mortality in critically ill patients, an observational study (2017)

Our study highlights the increased risk of CRE infection and mortality in patients with CRE colonization at the time of ICU admission. Future studies are needed to assess how CRE colonization can guide empiric antibiotic choices and to develop novel decolonization strategies.
Discovery of Medically Significant Lantibiotics (2009)

The emergence of drug-resistant pathogens such as staphylococci and enterococci in the hospital setting has long being recognized as a serious clinical problem. Staphylococcus aureus is the causative agent of many nosocomial infections from minor skin abscesses to serious, potentially life threatening diseases such as bone and soft tissue intra-surgical infections, sepsis and invasive endocarditis, while enterococci are responsible for nosocomial bacteraemia, surgical wound infections and endocarditis. The most infamous drug-resistant forms of these include MRSA (methicillin resistant S. aureus), VISA (vancomycin insensitive S. aureus), hVISA (heterogenous vancomycin insensitive S. aureus) and VRE (vancomycin resistant S. aureus). While enhanced hygiene awareness is essential to any solution, the identification of effective novel antimicrobial compounds remains a major goal in eradicating these and other infections caused by multi-drug resistant pathogens. In recent years a class of antimicrobial peptides, the Lantibiotics, have been the focus of an ever increasing level of attention. This interest has been prompted by an enhanced appreciation of the mode of action of these peptides (including, in many cases, the ability to bind lipid II) and their frequently high levels of antimicrobial activity. Here we review lantibiotic-related issues in drug discovery, outline the strategies that have been employed to identify these peptides and summarize the use of bioengineering to generate enhanced forms of these peptides as well as the application of the associated biological machinery to generate novel forms of existing pharmaceutical compounds. In so doing we highlight how some, or all, of these approaches have the potential to result in the development of clinically important drugs.
Transforming 3D Mesh Surfaces into Images by Parameterization (2006)

This chapter addresses the problem of mesh parameterization for transforming 3D mesh surfaces into images. We begin with a survey of the algorithms for parameterizing a chart, a simply connected mesh isomorphic to a topological disk, into a 2D domain and follow this with a review of several classic and popular parameterization algorithms based on solving the linear or non-linear systems, for instance, barycentric mapping, conformal mapping, harmonic mapping, and geometrical stretch minimizing. We then introduce state-of-the-art methods for opening an arbitrary mesh into a topological disk by cutting along an appropriate set of edges or for partitioning it into several charts. The chapter ends with a discussion of some related applications, such as texture mapping, remeshing, and mesh compression.
An Advanced EVA System for Planetary Exploration (1998)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Hamilton Standard has been working on one EVA system concept which responds to NASA's design reference mission for the manned exploration of Mars early in the 2<sup>1st</sup> century. Our concept uses a robotic support cart, to allow a simpler and lighter space suit and life support system. This, together with use of Martian resources, has shown the potential to satisfy mission needs. Present work includes preliminary design studies, analyses, and fabrication of a functional mock-up including the pressure garment, life support system, suit donning stand, and support cart. This paper describes our EVA system concept, the results of preliminary design analyses, and mock-up system tests, as well as some of the issues and challenges involved..</div>
A compact MMIC balun using spiral transformers (2003)

A MMIC balun has been realised using spiral transformers in a Marchand configuration. This arrangement results in a simple, compact design with good performance. Using standard foundry processing, amplitude balance of 0.2 dB and phase balance of 10/spl deg/ was achieved from 2 to 6 GHz.
Lean and Straight Nozzle Vanes in a Variable Geometry Turbine: A Steady and Pulsating Flow Investigation (2008)

Variable Geometry Turbines (VGT) are widely used to improve engine-turbocharger matching and currently common in diesel engines. VGT has proven to provide air boost for wide engine speed range as well as reduce turbo-lag. This paper presents the design and experimental evaluation of a variable geometry mixed flow turbocharger turbine. The tests have been carried out with a permanent magnet eddy current dynamometer within a velocity ratio range of 0.47 to 1.09. The peak efficiency of the variable geometry turbine corresponds to vane angle settings between 60° and 65°, for both the lean and straight vanes in the region of 80%. The variable geometry turbine was tested under pulsating flow with straight and lean nozzle vanes for different vane angle settings, 40Hz and 60Hz flow. In general, the range of mass flow parameter is higher in the straight nozzle vanes with an average of 66.4% and 69.7% for 40Hz and 60Hz flow respectively. The straight nozzle vanes also shows increasing pressure ratio range compared to the lean nozzle vanes, which is more apparent in the maximum pressure ratio experienced by the turbine in an unsteady cycle. In overall, the cycle averaged efficiency in the straight vane configuration is marginally higher than the lean vane. Furthermore, the difference to the equivalent quasi-steady is better in the straight vane configuration compared to the lean vane.
Malicious Code Detection Based on Software Fingerprint (2013)

The malicious code on the network is increasingly rampant that the traditional detection method of characteristic code has been difficult to deal with malicious code, with features of various variants, deformations and other problems. In this paper we present a new static analysis model based on software fingerprint to distinguish malicious codes. Through obtaining the software call graph by disassembling the binary file and mapping it as an image, shape moments can be obtained as the software fingerprint based on the retrieval theory of content image, combined with moment theory and the image's color, texture and shape features. The idea of pattern matching is used to measure the extracted software fingerprint similarity to determine whether it is malicious code or not. Then, we analyze the collected program samples. Test and verify whether the program has good performance in uniqueness, invariability and sensibility.
HYDROGENOLYSIS OF CARBOHYDRATES: II. REDUCTION OF METHYL α-<scp>D</scp>-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE (1957)

The hydrogenolysis of methyl α-D-glucopyranoside at elevated temperatures and pressures with copper chromite as catalyst and anhydrous dioxane as solvent was studied. The reaction produced a complex mixture of alcohols, the major components being 2-hydroxymethyl-4,5-dihydroxytetrahydropyran, methanol, isomeric hexanediols, 1,2-propanediol, and ethanediol.
Integrated optical ring resonator on silicon with thermal tuning and in-situ temperature measurement (1996)

Small size ring resonators with ring diameter of 2 mm are fabricated using silicon nitride waveguides on silicon. The small diameter of the ring allows a large free spectral range of 26 GHz. Doped polysilicon is used as thermo-optic heating element to temperature tune and ring resonator. A poly-Si resistor is used for the first time as a thermistor to measure the waveguide temperature. The temperature coefficient of the poly-Si thermistor is measured to be 9.5 X 10<SUP>-4</SUP>/ degree(s)C. The finesse of the ring resonator is 68 and the contrast 46%. The propagation loss of the silicon nitride rib waveguide is 0.1 dB/cm at 1312 nm. The temperature coefficient of the optical path length of the waveguide is 1.5 X 10<SUP>-5</SUP>/ degree(s)C.
Xenotransplantation and tolerance (2001)

The application of xenotransplantation faces daunting immunological hurdles, some of which might be overcome with the induction of tolerance. Porcine organs transplanted into primates are subject to several types of rejection responses. Hyperacute rejection mediated by naturally occurring xenoreactive antibodies and complement can be overcome without tolerance. Acute vascular rejection and cellular rejection, however, may present important opportunities for immunological tolerance, and humoral rejection might be approached by various mechanisms including (i) clonal deletion, (ii) anergy, (iii) immune deviation, (iv) induction of immunoregulatory or suppressor cells, or (v) veto cells. B-cell tolerance, useful for preventing humoral rejection, might be approached through clonal anergy. It remains to be determined, however, whether tolerance induction is required for xenotransplantation and by which means the various mechanisms of tolerance can be applied in the setting of xenotransplantation. Regardless, the study of tolerance will surely expand understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of the immune system.
Single slot 14.4 kbit/s service for GSM (2002)

This paper presents a method to provide 14.4 kbit/s service by a single TDMA slot in the GSM system. By modification in the puncturing scheme used in the GSM channel coding the air interface speed can be enhanced to 14.4 kbit/s. The reduction in error performance and coverage area is studied by simulations. It is shown that the channel coding performance is slightly decreased, but this does not have a major influence on the coverage.
Segmentation of Epipolar-Plane Image Volumes with Occlusion and Disocclusion Competition (2006)

Consider a dense array of cameras uniformly distributed along a line. A solid block of 3D data can be constructed by arranging the images into a stack. This volume, also known as the epipolar-plane image volume, contains highly structured data that can be segmented for object removal, insertion and compression. In this paper, we propose a segmentation scheme that takes fully advantage of the known geometry in order to model occlusions explicitly as a result of disparity. Moreover, we include this knowledge into an energy minimization scheme based on region competition with active contours. Instead of extracting layers sequentially from front to back, each layer is made to compete with the regions it is going to occlude and the ones it is going to disocclude. This enables a virtually unsupervised segmentation