gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Characterization of Di-, Tri-, and Tetranuclear Schiff Base Complexes Derived from Diamines and 3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde (2013)

A series of new di-, tri-, and tetranuclear Co(II) and Cu(II) complexes of three new diSchiff base ligands were synthesized by two different methods. The first method involved the synthesis of the three ligands from condensation reaction of 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (L′H 2 ) with ethylenediamine (en), o-phenylenediamine (o-PD), or 4,5-dimethyl-1,2-phenylendiamine (DMPD) in a mole ratio of 2 : 1 followed by the reaction of the resulting Schiff bases ligands with Cu(II) or Co(II) ions in the presence of 2,2′-bipyridyl (L) to form the di- and trinuclear metal complexes. The second method involved the condensation of the copper complex LCu(II)L′ (L = 2,2′-bipyridyl, L′ = 4-formylbenzene-1,2-bis(olate)) with en, o-PD, or DMPD in a mole ratio of 2 : 1, respectively, followed by reaction with CuCl 2 or Cu(ClO 4 ) 2 to form di-, tri-, and tetranuclear copper (II) complexes, respectively. The structures of the ligands and metal complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, NMR, and FTIR spectra. The geometries of metal complexes were suggested according to elemental analysis, electronic spectra, thermal analyses, atomic absorption, and magnetic moments and conductivity measurements.
[Signal-transduction therapy]. (1996)

Signal transduction is essential for life. In living cells, several signal transduction pathways interact with each other to form complicated signal network. Second messengers, such as Ca2+, cAMP and cGMP, play fundamental roles in the cellular responses via binding to their target proteins. Recent advances in signal transduction research enables us to design more specific and selective inhibitors of a certain signaling molecule or pathway. Specific inhibitors (molecular probes) of the signal transduction pathway, once identified, will be of vital importance to pharmacological intensive experiments, and also to clinical applications, that is “signal transduction therapy”. For example, Ca2+/ calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaM kinases) are involved in a variety of cell functions including regulation of gene expression and cell cycle via phosphorylation of CREB and cdc25 (a p34cdc2 phosphatase), respectively. Furthermore, a derivative of CaM kinases inhibitors has been proved to be clinically available. Pharmacological and molecular biological approaches on protein kinases will become more and more powerful strategy not only to investigate the signal transduction systems but to create novel remedies. The first aim of this presentation is to highlight recent findings in Ca2+ signaling. The other aim is to discuss the usefulness of specific protein kinase inhibitors (KN-62 and its derivatives), with introducing the first example of “Signal transduction therapy”.
GaN-based LEDs grown on 6-inch diameter Si (111) substrates by MOVPE (2009)

The issues and challenges of growing GaN-based structures on large area Si substrates have been studied. These include Si slip resulting from large temperature non-uniformities and cracking due to differential thermal expansion. Using an AlN nucleation layer in conjunction with an AlGaN buffer layer for stress management, and together with the interactive use of real time in-situ optical monitoring it was possible to realise flat, crack-free and uniform GaN and LED structures on 6-inch Si (111) substrates. The EL performance of processed LED devices was also studied on-wafer, giving good EL characteristics including a forward bias voltage of ~3.5 V at 20 mA from a 500 μm x 500 μm device.
Jagged1 Expression Regulated by Notch3 and Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathways in Ovarian Cancer (2010)

Ovarian serous carcinoma is a highly aggressive neoplastic disease in women. Our previous studies have demonstrated Notch3 gene amplification and upregulation in many ovarian serous carcinomas and Notch pathway activity contributed to drug resistance. Among different Notch3 ligands, Jagged1 is most dominant in ovarian cancer, and Notch3 pathway activity correlated with Jagged1 expression level in ovarian carcinoma tissues. In this study, we found that Jagged1 expression depended on Notch3 pathway activation. Knockdown of either Notch3 or RBPjk, a Notch-interacting transcription factor critical in Notch signaling, suppressed Jagged1 expression in ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, Jagged1 expression was upregulated in human ovarian surface epithelial cells after ectopic expression of Notch3 intracellular domain and was upregulated in mouse epithelial cells isolated from Notch3-inducible mice after induction. We also found that inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling reduced Jagged1 expression, and co-administration of shRNAs targeting both Notch3 and β-catenin reduced Jagged1 expression much more than targeting either individual gene. Taken together, our data suggested a positive regulatory loop between Notch3 and its ligand, Jagged1, in ovarian cancer cells. In addition, Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation also up-regulated Jagged1. Both mechanisms may sustain Notch3 signaling in ovarian cancer cells and contribute to the pathogenesis of ovarian carcinoma.
Manipulation of the immune response of mice against neu/HER2-expressing tumours. (1998)

The rat oncogene neu, and its human homologue HER2, can both cause cell transformation in vitro and tumour formation in vivo, albeit by different mechanisms. 3T3 cells (B104.1.1) transfected with mutated neu (neu) grow as solid tumours in Swiss mice. The purpose of this study was to determine whether immunization with extracts of different 3T3 lines expressing these oncoproteins would lead to a cross-reactive response, and whether this response could alter B104. 1.1 tumour growth. Both humoral and cellular cross-reactive responses were observed, which were capable of inhibiting tumour growth in vivo. This cross-reactive response may be relevant to the immunotherapy of HER2-expressing tumours in humans.
Deep learning-based clustering approaches for bioinformatics (2019)

Clustering is central to many data-driven bioinformatics research and serves a powerful computational method. In particular, clustering helps at analyzing unstructured and high-dimensional data in the form of sequences, expressions, texts and images. Further, clustering is used to gain insights into biological processes in the genomics level, e.g. clustering of gene expressions provides insights on the natural structure inherent in the data, understanding gene functions, cellular processes, subtypes of cells and understanding gene regulations. Subsequently, clustering approaches, including hierarchical, centroid-based, distribution-based, density-based and self-organizing maps, have long been studied and used in classical machine learning settings. In contrast, deep learning (DL)-based representation and feature learning for clustering have not been reviewed and employed extensively. Since the quality of clustering is not only dependent on the distribution of data points but also on the learned representation, deep neural networks can be effective means to transform mappings from a high-dimensional data space into a lower-dimensional feature space, leading to improved clustering results. In this paper, we review state-of-the-art DL-based approaches for cluster analysis that are based on representation learning, which we hope to be useful, particularly for bioinformatics research. Further, we explore in detail the training procedures of DL-based clustering algorithms, point out different clustering quality metrics and evaluate several DL-based approaches on three bioinformatics use cases, including bioimaging, cancer genomics and biomedical text mining. We believe this review and the evaluation results will provide valuable insights and serve a starting point for researchers wanting to apply DL-based unsupervised methods to solve emerging bioinformatics research problems.
Conclusion (2012)

The conclusion undertakes two key tasks. Surveying the case studies of the previous three chapters, it argues that reification can be understood as a coherent phenomenon, affecting the course of international theory across the decades. It then develops a series of concrete methodological research practices to check or critique it: operationalizing the notion of sustainable critique developed in the introduction. To that end, it uses the Israeli-Palestinian conflict as an example, showing how a sustainably critical research project would be undertaken in that context, and considering how such a project might contribute to both elite and popular policy discourses.
15‐Deoxy Δ<sup>12,14</sup>‐prostaglandin J<sub>2</sub> suppresses transcription by promoter 3 of the human thromboxane A<sub>2</sub> receptor gene through peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ in human erythroleukemia cells (2005)

In humans, thromboxane (TX) A2 signals through two receptor isoforms, thromboxane receptor (TP)alpha and TPbeta, which are transcriptionally regulated by distinct promoters, Prm1 and Prm3, respectively, within the single TP gene. The aim of the current study was to investigate the ability of the endogenous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma ligand 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) to regulate expression of the human TP gene and to ascertain its potential effects on the individual TPalpha and TPbeta isoforms. 15d-PGJ2 suppressed Prm3 transcriptional activity and TPbeta mRNA expression in the platelet progenitor megakaryocytic human erythroleukemia (HEL) 92.1.7 cell line but had no effect on Prm1 or Prm2 activity or on TPalpha mRNA expression. 15d-PGJ2 also resulted in reductions in the overall level of TP protein expression and TP-mediated intracellular calcium mobilization in HEL cells. 15d-PGJ2 suppression of Prm3 transcriptional activity and TPbeta mRNA expression was found to occur through a novel mechanism involving direct binding of PPARgamma-retinoic acid X receptor (RXR) heterodimers to a PPARgamma response element (PPRE) composed of two imperfect hexameric direct repeat (DR) sequences centred at -159 and -148, respectively, spaced by five nucleotides (DR5). These data provide direct evidence for the role of PPARgamma in the regulation of human TP gene expression within the vasculature and point to further critical differences in the modes of transcriptional regulation of TPalpha and TPbeta in humans. Moreover, these data highlight a further link between enhanced risk of cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus associated with increased synthesis and action of thromboxane A2 (TXA2).
Isolation of human megakaryocytes by density centrifugation and counterflow centrigual elutriation. (1984)

Density centrifugation and counterflow centrifugal elutriation were utilized to prepare enriched fractions of megakaryocytes from human bone marrow aspirates. This separation method enriched megakaryocytes in initial marrow aspirates by 116- to 463-fold. Approximately 63% of megakaryocytes were recovered from the initial samples, composing 18.7% of the nucleated cells in the final preparations. Mean megakaryocyte diameters of 51.6 micron and 33.8 micron were obtained from fixed and unfixed cellular specimens, respectively. Smaller platelet glycoprotein-positive mononuclear cells with a mean diameter of 20.5 micron were found in the highest concentrations in this final fraction. These cells presumably represent immature megakaryocytic forms. Counterflow centrifugal elutriation provides a means of isolating enriched populations of marrow megakaryocytes. This accessibility to viable populations of human megakaryocytes will allow additional investigation of the terminal events of megakaryocyte development.
Assessing the Acidity of High Silica Chabazite H−SSZ-13 by FTIR Using CO as Molecular Probe:  Comparison with H−SAPO-34 (2005)

Zeolitic materials based on the chabazite topology, such as H-SAPO-34, possess unique shape-selectivity properties for converting methanol into light olefins. In addition to the topology, zeolite acidity is inherently linked to catalyst activity and selectivity. The acidic properties of high silica chabazite (H-SSZ-13) have attracted much attention in the past decade because the material represents an idealized model system having one acidic site per cage. Conclusions drawn so far have essentially been founded on quantum chemical methods. An experimentally based benchmark of the acidity of H-SSZ-13 has hitherto not been available. In this work, transmission FTIR spectroscopy provides a description of the different acidic sites of H-SSZ-13 by using CO as molecular probe at 70 K. The results demonstrate that H-SSZ-13 is a strongly Brønsted acidic material, essentially having two distinct families of acidic sites. In contrast to numerous preceding reports, we find it fundamental to consider proton distributions among all four possible sites, and do not delimit the interpretations to only two sites. The present data consistently suggest the most abundant family of protons to have three members being located on different crystalline positions on the eight-membered-ring window giving access to the chabazite cage. Consequently, these protons are exposed to two neighboring cages. The second, and less abundant family, is constituted by only one site that is situated on the six-membered ring defining the top/bottom of the barrel-shaped chabazite cage. This proton is therefore only exposed to one cage and requires a higher CO pressure to form adducts. Toward CO, both families of sites possess the same acidity. Parallel experiments were also carried out for the isostructural and commercially important H-SAPO-34 having an equal density of acidic sites. This is the first attempt to directly compare, on an experimental basis, the acidity of these two materials.
Ivory trade under scrutiny (1989)

Notes the release of the ITRG report in June 1989, the almost immediate ivory bans imposed by several consumer states, other studies focused on the ivory trade and elephants which were tabled about the same time and the resulting situation as it stands in late 1989.
AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS, INC. PROCEEDINGS AND REPORTS (1955)

Chairman Lowe: We have planned a program which will begin with a presentation of certain theoretical concepts of parenteral fluid therapy and will finish by offering what we believe to be practical concepts. Dr. Danowski will present a physiological and biochemical background, including the use of water and the necessity for certain electrolytes in a parenteral fluid program. Dr. Ebert will discuss the use of blood, plasma and blood substitutes and describe the place of each in therapeutics. I, in turn, will attempt to utilize their remarks, to draw them together and thus provide a practical program of parenteral fluid therapy. We are interested, particularly, in providing a basis for therapy of patients who have undergone surgery. I think you are all aware that many of the pediatric problems in parenteral fluid therapy which plagued pediatricians 10 and 15 years ago are no longer serious problems. I have in mind, particularly, diarrheal disease. But we are faced with a real challenge in terms of therapy for the infant or child who is to undergo surgery or who has undergone surgery. So, we will attempt to emphasize this aspect.
A Novel Probe Au(III) for Chemiluminescent Image Detection of Protein Blots on Nitrocellulose Membranes (2008)

A new method, based on the chloroauric acid-enhanced luminol chemiluminescence, is established for the chemiluminescent imaging detection of protein blots on nitrocellulose membranes. After transferring to the nitrocellulose (NC) membranes, various proteins in human serum can be easily detected using this method. Simplicity and wide applicability are achieved, without the need of expensive antibodies or tedious immunoassay procedures. Furthermore, neither noxious materials nor radioactive pollution is produced. The successful detection of proteins is due to the binding of Au(III) to the protein blots and the chemiluminescent character of the enhanced luminol signal. As a novel chemiluminescent detection method, it offers significant biological analytical potentials in biochemistry and in molecular biology.
Comparison of the Retention Characteristics of Aromatic and Aliphatic Reversed Phases for HPLC Using Linear Solvation Energy Relationships (1998)

The similarities and differences in retention characteristics of aromatic and aliphatic phases have been elucidated by the use of linear solvation energy relationships (LSERs). Three aromatic phases and three aliphatic phases were investigated in a series of mobile phases. The results of LSERs on a polymer-based aromatic phase, poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) resin (PRP-1) are very different from those on either silica- or zirconia-based aromatic and aliphatic phases. Retention on all aromatic and aliphatic phases except PRP-1 is dominated by two factors: the solute size and hydrogen bond acceptor basicity. On the other hand, in addition to these two major contributions, retention on PRP-1 is markedly influenced by the solute hydrogen bond donor acidity. We believe that PRP-1 exhibits a more adsorption-like retention mechanism than do the other phases. With the inorganic oxide-based phases, the aromatic phases are less retentive than the aliphatic phases but show a larger dependence on molecular polarizability. The enhanced polarizability of aromatic phases is the likely cause of some differences in their chromatographic selectivity relative to the aliphatic phases.
Sunscreens in human plasma and urine after repeated whole‐body topical application (2008)

Almost all three sunscreens were undetectable in plasma and urine before the first application. One to 2 h after the first application, all three sunscreens were detectable in plasma. The maximum median plasma concentrations were 187 ng/mL BP-3, 16 ng/mL 4-MBC and 7 ng/mL OMC for females and 238 ng/mL BP-3, 18 ng/mL 4-MBC and 16 ng/mL OMC for men. In the females, urine levels of 44 ng/mL BP-3 and 4 ng/mL of 4-MBC and 6 ng/mL OMC were found, and in the males, urine levels of 81 ng/mL BP-3, 4 ng/mL of 4-MBC and OMC were found. In plasma, the 96-h median concentrations were higher compared with the 24-h concentrations for 4-MBC and OMC in men and for BP-3 and 4-MBC in females.
Bacterial templating of zeolite fibres with hierarchical structure (2000)

Ordered macroporous zeolite fibres are prepared from the infiltration of swollen bacterial supercellular threads with as-synthesized silicalite nanoparticles.
After the Sale: Leveraging Maintenance with Information Technology (1988)

Post-sale maintenance is already an important part of the competitive strategy of some firms and will become increasingly important to many others in the future. Information technology can be a significant factor in leveraging investments in maintenance and in directing a firm’s overall approach to the maintenance issue. This paper presents a conceptual framework for understanding, along with a series of examples that illustrate, the role information technology can play in the maintenance process. The framework and examples are intended to serve as a catalyst for identifying applications of information technology to post-sale maintenance.
Nucleosides. II. Reactions of 5'-Trityluridine 2',3'-O-Thionocarbonate (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNucleosides. II. Reactions of 5'-Trityluridine 2',3'-O-ThionocarbonateW. V. Ruyle, T. Y. Shen, and A. A. PatchettCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 12, 4353–4355Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1965https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01023a528RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views99Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (417 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The Use of Cytokeratin 19 (CK19) Immunohistochemistry in Lesions of the Pancreas, Gastrointestinal Tract, and Liver (2009)

Cytokeratin immunostaining forms the bedrock of the immunohistochemical evaluation of tumors. Cytokeratin 19 (CK19) belongs to a family of keratins, which are normally expressed in the lining of the gastroenteropancreatic and hepatobiliary tracts. CK19 immunohistochemistry has been used successfully in thyroid tumors to recognize papillary carcinomas for some time. However, its use in the pancreas, liver, and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) has only recently come to the fore. The purpose of this review is to look at the use of CK19 immunohistochemistry in tumors occurring at these sites. CK19 has been shown to be an independent prognostic factor for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, especially the insulin-negative tumors. CK19 positive tumors are associated with poor outcome irrespective of the established pathologic parameters such as size, mitoses, lymphovascular invasion, and necrosis. It is recommended that CK19 be part of the immunohistochemical panel in the work-up of pancreatic endocrine tumors. CK19 is positive in the most of neuroendocrine tumors occurring in the rest of the GIT, except rectal tumors, which are negative. In the liver, CK19 is of prognostic value in hepatocellular carcinomas and is of use in distinguishing cholangiocarcinoma from hepatocellular carcinomas. It can also be used to highlight native ductules in the liver and helps separate conditions such as focal nodular hyperplasia from hepatic adenoma. The vast majority of adenocarcinomas in the GIT and pancreas are CK19 positive.
DAPS: Intelligent delay-aware packet scheduling for multipath transport (2014)

The increasing heterogeneity and asymmetry in wireless network environments makes QoS guarantees in terms of delays and throughput a challenging task. In this paper, we study a novel scheduling algorithm for multipath transport called Delay Aware Packet Scheduling (DAPS) which aims to reduce the receiver's buffer blocking time considered as a main parameter to enhance the QoS in wireless environments. We develop an analytical model of maximum receiver's buffer blocking time and extend the DAPS algorithm considering implementation issues. Performance evaluations based on ns-2 simulations highlight the enhanced QoS that DAPS can provide. With reference to the classical multipath transport protocol CMT-SCTP, we observe a significant reductions of the receiver's buffer occupancy, down by 77%, and the application delay, down by 63%.
Numerical simulation of antennas using three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method (2002)

The paper presents numerical simulations of various antennas using the three dimensional finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. The FDTD code uses the perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary condition (PML-ABC) and a time domain near to far field transformation function. The method is shown to be an efficient tool for modeling complicated antenna structures. The calculation results are compared with the measured data and shown to be in good agreement.