gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Efficient and Anonymous Attribute-Based group setup scheme (2013)

In many secure application scenarios, establishing a temporary group without revealing group member information is difficult but desirable. Secure group communication can significantly reduce the computation and communication overhead. Traditional group key management schemes are based on a hierarchical tree. Any network entity who wants to set up a group needs to know the keys of the other group members, i.e., the group key establishment must be done before starting the group communication. As a result, the group needs the group formation beforehand. In this paper, we propose a secure grouping scheme providing anonymity for group members to outsiders. Our approach is based on Attribute Based Encryption (ABE) schemes. In our scheme, each network entity is assigned with a set of attributes. Each group is identified by a logical combination of attributes, i.e., the group access policies. The presented solution has an advantage that there is no need for any prior knowledge of other group members. Instead, the sender just needs to focus on the group access policies. Our scheme further preserves the group formation policies by using a gradual exposure method on attributes. Compared to existing hidden-policy schemes, our solution can greatly reduce the computation and communication overhead.
Regenerated Luminal Epithelial Cells Are Derived from Preexisting Luminal Epithelial Cells in Adult Mouse Prostate (2011)

Determining the source of regenerated luminal epithelial cells in the adult prostate during androgen deprivation and replacement will provide insights into the origin of prostate cancer cells and their fate during androgen deprivation therapy. Prostate stem cells in the epithelial layer have been suggested to give rise to luminal epithelium. However, the extent of stem cell participation to prostate regrowth is not clear. In this report, using prostate-specific antigen-CreER(T2)-based genetic lineage marking/tracing in mice, preexisting luminal epithelial cells were shown to be a source of regenerated luminal epithelial cells in the adult prostate. Prostatic luminal epithelial cells could survive androgen deprivation and were capable of proliferating upon androgen replacement. Prostate cancer cells, typically exhibiting a luminal epithelial phenotype, may retain this intrinsic capability to survive and regenerate in response to changes in androgen signaling, providing part of the mechanism for the ultimate failure of androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer.
A Roadmap for Strategic Development of Geothermal Exploration Technologies (2013)

Characterizing productive geothermal systems is challenging yet critical to identify and develop an estimated 30 gigawatts electric (GWe) of undiscovered hydrothermal resources in the western U.S. This paper, undertaken by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Geothermal Technologies Office (GTO), summarizes needs and technical pathways that target the key geothermal signatures of temperature, permeability, and fluid content, and develops the time evolution of these pathways, tying in past and current GTO exploration Research and Development (R&D) projects. Beginning on a five-year timescale and projecting out to 2030, the paper assesses technologies that could accelerate the confirmation of 30 GWe. The resulting structure forms the basis for a Geothermal Exploration Technologies Roadmap, a strategic development plan to help guide GTO R&D investments that will lower the risk and cost of geothermal prospect identification. This roadmap is currently open for public comment. Send your comments to geothermal@ee.doe.gov.
Rapid Method for Ra-226 and Ra-228 in Water Samples (2006)

The measurement of radium isotopes in natural waters is important for oceanographic studies and for public health reasons. Ra-226 (1620 year half-life) is one of the most toxic of the long-lived alpha emitters present in the environment due to its long life and its tendency to concentrate in bones, which increases the internal radiation dose of individuals. The analysis of radium-226 and radium-228 in natural waters can be tedious and time-consuming. Different sample preparation methods are often required to prepare Ra-226 and Ra-228 for separate analyses. A rapid method has been developed at the Savannah River Environmental Laboratory that effectively separates both Ra-226 and Ra-228 (via Ac-228) for assay. This method uses MnO{sub 2} Resin from Eichrom Technologies (Darien, IL, USA) to preconcentrate Ra-226 and Ra-228 rapidly from water samples, along with Ba-133 tracer. DGA Resin{reg_sign} (Eichrom) and Ln-Resin{reg_sign} (Eichrom) are employed in tandem to prepare Ra-226 for assay by alpha spectrometry and to determine Ra-228 via the measurement of Ac-228 by gas proportional counting. After preconcentration, the manganese dioxide is dissolved from the resin and passed through stacked Ln-Resin-DGA Resin cartridges that remove uranium and thorium interferences and retain Ac-228 on DGA Resin. The eluate that passed through this column is evaporated, redissolved in a lower acidity and passed through Ln-Resin again to further remove interferences before performing a barium sulfate microprecipitation. The Ac-228 is stripped from the resin, collected using cerium fluoride microprecipitation and counted by gas proportional counting. By using vacuum box cartridge technology with rapid flow rates, sample preparation time is minimized.
Phosphorus Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in the Evaluation of Mitochondrial Myopathies: Results of a 6-Month Therapy Study with Coenzyme Q (1996)

31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to study an open therapeutic trial of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) in mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. Eight patients were treated with 150 mg CoQ per day for 6 months. 31P MRS spectra of calf muscle were recorded at rest, during exercise and in the immediate postexercise recovery period. Although there was an improvement of the mean ratio of phosphocreatine (PCr) to inorganic phosphate during the post-exercise recovery period after 3 months of treatment, this finding was mainly due to a single therapy responder and did not reflect a beneficial effect on the whole group. Improved repletion of PCr persisted after 6 months of therapy. Our study identified a single responder to this therapy, whose response could not be predicted on the basis of clinical, biochemical or molecular data. These findings suggest that therapeutic trials of CoQ should be performed under close metabolic monitoring in order both to identify responders for subsequent long-term treatment and to evaluate possible mechanisms of this supportive therapy.
A magnetic nanoparticle supported dual acidic ionic liquid: a “quasi-homogeneous” catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of benzoxanthenes (2011)

A novel magnetic nanoparticle supported dual acidic ionic liquid catalyst was synthesized by anchoring 3-sulfobutyl-1-(3-propyltriethoxysilane) imidazolium hydrogen sulfate onto the surface of silica-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Due to the combination of nano-support features and flexible imidazolium linkers, it acted as a “quasi-homogeneous” catalyst to effectively catalyze the one-pot synthesis of benzoxanthenes by a three-component condensation of dimedone with aldehyde and 2-naphthol under solvent-free conditions. More importantly, the catalyst could be easily recovered by an external magnet and reused six times without significant loss of catalytic activity.
Reorganization of human cortical motor output maps following traumatic forearm amputation (1996)

We report the results of serial transcranial magnetic stimulation mapping of cortical motor outputs to the face and upper extremity in a subject studied before and repeatedly after traumatic amputation of the right arm immediately below the elbow. The results of the mapping studies illustrate the time course of plastic changes in the motor cortical representation in humans following a traumatic amputation and allow the correlation of subjective perceptions of phantom limbs with the reorganization of cortical outputs.
Excitatory, Inhibitory, and Structural Plasticity Produce Correlated Connectivity in Random Networks Trained to Solve Paired-Stimulus Tasks (2011)

The pattern of connections among cortical excitatory cells with overlapping arbors is non-random. In particular, correlations among connections produce clustering - cells in cliques connect to each other with high probability, but with lower probability to cells in other spatially intertwined cliques. In this study, we model initially randomly connected sparse recurrent networks of spiking neurons with random, overlapping inputs, to investigate what functional and structural synaptic plasticity mechanisms sculpt network connections into the patterns measured in vitro. Our Hebbian implementation of structural plasticity causes a removal of connections between uncorrelated excitatory cells, followed by their random replacement. To model a biconditional discrimination task, we stimulate the network via pairs (A + B, C + D, A + D, and C + B) of four inputs (A, B, C, and D). We find networks that produce neurons most responsive to specific paired inputs - a building block of computation and essential role for cortex - contain the excessive clustering of excitatory synaptic connections observed in cortical slices. The same networks produce the best performance in a behavioral readout of the networks' ability to complete the task. A plasticity mechanism operating on inhibitory connections, long-term potentiation of inhibition, when combined with structural plasticity, indirectly enhances clustering of excitatory cells via excitatory connections. A rate-dependent (triplet) form of spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) between excitatory cells is less effective and basic STDP is detrimental. Clustering also arises in networks stimulated with single stimuli and in networks undergoing raised levels of spontaneous activity when structural plasticity is combined with functional plasticity. In conclusion, spatially intertwined clusters or cliques of connected excitatory cells can arise via a Hebbian form of structural plasticity operating in initially randomly connected networks.
An automated method for peak detection and matching in large gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry data sets (2006)

Abstract A new approach for peak detection and matching has been developed and applied to two data sets. The first consisted of the Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry (GC‐MS) samples of 965 human sweat samples obtained from a population of 197 individuals. The second data set contained 500 synthetic chromatograms, and was generated to validate the peak detection and matching methods. The size of both of the data sets (around 500 000 detectable peaks over all chromatograms in data set 1, and around 100 000 in data set 2) would make it unfeasible to check manually whether peaks are matched. In the method described, the first procedure involves pre‐processing the data before carrying out the second procedure of peak detection. The final procedure of peak matching consists of three stages: (a) finding potential target peaks in the full data set over all chromatograms; (b) matching peaks in the chromatograms to these targets to form clusters of spectra associated with each target; (c) merging targets where appropriate. Peak detection and matching were applied to both data sets, and the importance of stage (c) of peak matching described. In addition to the analysis of the synthetic chromatograms, the method was also validated by shuffling the original order of the sweat chromatograms and performing the methods independently on the newly shuffled data. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A leucine-to-proline mutation in the putative first transmembrane domain of the 22-kDa peripheral myelin protein in the trembler-J mouse. (1992)

Peripheral myelin protein PMP-22 is a potential growth-regulating myelin protein that is expressed by Schwann cells and predominantly localized in compact peripheral myelin. A point mutation in the Pmp-22 gene of inbred trembler (Tr) mice was identified and proposed to be responsible for the Tr phenotype, which is characterized by paralysis of the limbs as well as tremors and transient seizures. In support of this hypothesis, we now report the fine mapping of the Pmp-22 gene to the immediate vicinity of the Tr locus on mouse chromosome 11. Furthermore, we have found a second point mutation in the Pmp-22 gene of trembler-J (TrJ) mice, which results in the substitution of a leucine residue by a proline residue in the putative first transmembrane region of the PMP-22 polypeptide. Tr and TrJ were previously mapped genetically as possible allelic mutations giving rise to similar, but not identical, phenotypes. This finding is consistent with the discovery of two different mutations in physicochemically similar domains of the PMP-22 protein. Our results strengthen the hypothesis that mutations in the Pmp-22 gene can lead to heterogeneous forms of peripheral neuropathies and offer clues toward possible explanations for the dominant inheritance of these disorders.
A New All Solid State Approach to Gaseous Pollutant Detection (1971)

Recent efforts in our laboratories have concentrated on the development of an all solid state gas sensor, by combining solid electrolyte (ion exchange membrane) technology with advanced thin film deposition processes. With the proper bias magnitude and polarity these miniature electro-chemical,cells show remarkable current responses for many common pollution gases. Current activity is now focused on complementing a multiple array (matrix) of these solid state sensors, with a digital electronic scanner device possessing scan-compare-identify-alarm: capability. This innovative approach to multi-component pollutant gas analysis may indeed be the advanced prototype for the third generation class of pollution analysis instrumentation so urgently needed in the decade ahead.
Sensors for computer controlled mechanical assembly (1978)

This paper describes many sensors which are applicable to the requirements of the computer controlled assembly and manufacturing process. Various new types of sensors are presented including a multi‐degree of freedom force sensor using interchangeable modules, a pneumatic retractable whisker, an ultrasonic probe and various tactile and optical image sensors.
Learning to Classify Intents and Slot Labels Given a Handful of Examples (2020)

Intent classification (IC) and slot filling (SF) are core components in most goal-oriented dialogue systems. Current IC/SF models perform poorly when the number of training examples per class is small. We propose a new few-shot learning task, few-shot IC/SF, to study and improve the performance of IC and SF models on classes not seen at training time in ultra low resource scenarios. We establish a fewshot IC/SF benchmark by defining few-shot splits for three public IC/SF datasets, ATIS, TOP, and SNIPS. We show that two popular few-shot learning algorithms, model agnostic meta learning (MAML) and prototypical networks, outperform a fine-tuning baseline on this benchmark. Prototypical networks achieves substantial gains in IC performance on the ATIS and TOP datasets, while both prototypical networks and MAML outperform the baseline with respect to SF on all three datasets. In addition, we demonstrate that joint training as well as the use of pre-trained language models, ELMo and BERT in our case, are complementary to these few-shot learning methods and yield further gains.
The <i>C. elegans</i> p38 MAPK pathway regulates nuclear localization of the transcription factor SKN-1 in oxidative stress response (2005)

The evolutionarily conserved p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is an integral part of the response to a variety of environmental stresses. Here we show that the Caenorhabditis elegans PMK-1 p38 MAPK pathway regulates the oxidative stress response via the CNC transcription factor SKN-1. In response to oxidative stress, PMK-1 phosphorylates SKN-1, leading to its accumulation in intestine nuclei, where SKN-1 activates transcription of gcs-1 , a phase II detoxification enzyme gene. These results delineate the C. elegans p38 MAPK signaling pathway leading to the nucleus that responds to oxidative stress.
Making the most of the shift to outpatient services. (1992)

As hospitals watch an increasing percentage of their business shift to the outpatient setting, they will have to adapt their facilities and services to the new requirements of ambulatory care. Convenience and accessibility head the list of patient expectations. The following case studies show how two hospitals captured more ambulatory business in their markets--one by expanding its home health care program, the other by introducing management control systems and streamlining operations.
Phonetic query expansion for spoken document retrieval (2008)

We are interested in retrieving information from speech data using phonetic search. We show improvement by expanding the query phonetically using a joint maximum entropy N-gram model. The value of this approach is demonstrated on Broadcast News data from NIST 2006 Spoken Term Detection evaluation.
Clinical Pharmacology in Psychiatry: Neuroleptic and Antidepressant Research (1981)

Am J Psychiatry I 40:3, March 1983 361 mention of lithium or new antidepressants in the plasma monitoring chapter, and no attempt to indicate how a clinician could integrate his or her knowledge of the antidepressant activity of lithium, tricyclics, MAOIs, and the new antidepressants to select the right drug for the right patient. The authors do not integrate any of the improved understanding of the neurochemistry of these drugs with their clinical use. Such a link is sorely lacking. The lithium and “second generation” chapters are more opinions than critical reviews. The chapter on plasma monitoring is thorough and useful, but the authors have published better versions. It seems particularly out of place and attempts to cover too much. Another chapter is needed to provide a discussion of the technical aspects and the problems in this research area and to explain the pharmacokinetics and how plasma monitoring is relevant to the care of patients. In the final analysis, the editors missed an opportunity to make an exceptional contribution to the literature from the physician’s standpoint by providing more integration and an expanded format for the last section. However, they have provided a good informational source that belongs in mcdical school and departmental libraries. Psychiatrists and other physicians with an interest in expanding their understanding of the basic science foundations of modern clinical psychopharmacology will find this book well worth reading.
Measurements of critical-current diffraction patterns in annular Josephson junctions (2000)

We report systematic measurements of the critical current versus magnetic-field patterns of annular Josephson junctions in a wide magnetic-field range. A modulation of the envelope of the pattern, which depends on the junction width, is observed. The data are compared with theory and good agreement is found.
Reducing distortion in boost rectifiers with automatic control (2002)

Due to its simplicity, the boost rectifier with automatic control is potentially the least expensive active line-harmonics reducing circuit. The filtered line current, however, shows considerable distortion when the peak input voltage is close to the output voltage. This paper presents an analysis of the circuit, discusses the compliance with EN61000-3-2, reviews two previous distortion-reduction methods, and proposes a new, more economical, and technically superior, method.
Cycling Behavior of Thin Film LiAl Electrodes with Liquid and Solid Electrolytes (1985)

An Al foil was partially converted to by electrodeposition onto one side. The remaining unalloyed Al acted as a substrate for the film. Cycling was carried out with the film in contact with either the liquid propylene (PC) or the solid . After initial substantial capacity losses, coulombic efficiencies were 97 and 99% with the PC and PEO electrolytes, respectively. There was an additional loss with PEO (2 μA cm−2) due to a combination of oxygen and water vapor ingression and Li diffusion into the steel current collector. The loss in PC occurred during active operation, there being negligible loss on standing. Lithium incorporation into the film occurred readily due to the high diffusion coefficient of Li in . Stripping of the Li caused some cracking of the film as a result of the large molar volume change in forming from , but adhesion of the film to the Al substrate was strong. Literature values for the diffusion coefficient of Li in are low (10−16 and 10−22 cm2s−1 at 140° and 25°C, respectively), indicating that the growth of a few monolayers of the α phase on the surface of the could prevent further discharge. A model is proposed whereby the at the interface with the electrolyte becomes "super depleted" on discharge, but not enough to nucleate . Thus a diffusion gradient is set up in the film, causing the to grow from the α/β interface in a needle‐like morphology towards the electrolyte. Such a model is compatible with the substantial capacity losses during initial cycles.
Electrophoretic Deposition of Carbon Nanotubes on 3-Amino-Propyl-Triethoxysilane (APTES) Surface Functionalized Silicon Substrates (2013)

Fabrication of uniform thin coatings of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) on semiconductor (silicon) substrates with 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (APTES) surface functionalization has been studied extensively in this report. The gradual deposition and eventual film formation of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is greatly assisted by the Coulombic force of attraction existing between the positively charged –NH2 surface groups of APTES and the acid treated, negatively charged nanotubes migrating towards the deposition surfaces. The remarkable deposition characteristics of the CNT coatings by EPD in comparison to the dip coating method and the influence of isopropyl (IPA)-based CNT suspension in the fabricated film quality has also been revealed in this study. The effect of varying APTES concentration (5%–100%) on the Raman spectroscopy and thickness of the deposited CNT film has been discussed in details, as well. The deposition approach has eliminated the need of metal deposition in the electrophoretic deposition approach and, therefore, establishes a cost-effective, fast and entirely room temperature-based fabrication strategy of CNT thin films for a wide range of next generation electronic applications.
CXorf61 is a target for T cell based immunotherapy of triple-negative breast cancer (2015)

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a high medical need disease with limited treatment options. CD8+ T cell-mediated immunotherapy may represent an attractive approach to address TNBC. The objectives of this study were to assess the expression of CXorf61 in TNBCs and healthy tissues and to evaluate its capability to induce T cell responses. We show by transcriptional profiling of a broad comprehensive set of normal human tissue that CXorf61 expression is strictly restricted to testis. 53% of TNBC patients express this antigen in at least 30% of their tumor cells. In CXorf61-negative breast cancer cell lines CXorf61 expression is activated by treatment with the hypomethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. By vaccination of HLA-A*02-transgenic mice with CXorf61 encoding RNA we obtained high frequencies of CXorf61-specific T cells. Cloning and characterization of T cell receptors (TCRs) from responding T cells resulted in the identification of the two HLA-A*0201-restricted T cell epitopes CXorf6166-74 and CXorf6179-87. Furthermore, by in vitro priming of human CD8+ T cells derived from a healthy donor recognizing CXorf6166-74 we were able to induce a strong antigen-specific immune response and clone a human TCR recognizing this epitope. In summary, our data confirms this antigen as promising target for T cell based therapies.