gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of Latex Particle Size Distributions by Fractional Creaming with Sodium Alginate (1961)

Abstract Knowledge of mass distribution of particle sizes in latex is very important to the latex technologist. Therefore, it is desirable to have available a simple method for the determination of mass distribution of particle sizes. This paper presents a method, based on fractional creaming of latex with sodium alginate, which can be used in any laboratory without special equipment. The method is particularly advantageous for analyzing latexes of very wide particle size distributions. When analyzed with an electron microscope, these latexes require counting a very large number of particles. McGavack found that partial creaming of normal hevea latex with ammonium alginate gives concentrates of larger average particle size than the original latex. He found that the average particle size in the cream approaches that of the original latex as the amount of creaming agent is increased. In a previous paper from this laboratory, Schmidt and Kelsey demonstrated that the phenomenon of fractionation according to particle size with increasing amounts of creaming agent is applicable in a wide variety of anionic latex systems and in colloidal silica. Their results indicated also the existence of a quantitative relationship, independent of the nature of the dispersed particles, between the concentration of creaming agent and size of creamed particles. Maron confirmed fractionation with respect to particle size as a consequence of partial creaming with alginate. He showed that the mass average particle sizes of fractions, determined optically, cumulate to that of the original latex. Although the previous paper by Schmidt and Kelsey implied the basic concept of a method of determining particle size distribution by fractional creaming, it was not exploited at that time. In order to adapt the fractional creaming phenomenon to a quantitative method for particle size determination, we required a more precise knowledge of the relation between creaming agent concentration and size of particles creamed. It was proposed to establish this relationship with the aid of the electron microscope. Various factors influencing the creaming of latex, such as polymer concentration, electrolyte, soap content, and variability of the creaming agent, had to be considered in standardizing the creaming procedure.
Laser Spot Center Location Method for Chinese Spaceborne GF-7 Footprint Camera (2020)

The Gaofen-7 (GF-7) satellite is equipped with two area array sensor footprint cameras to capture the laser altimeter spot. In order to establish a direct correspondence between the laser data and the stereo image data, a new method is proposed to fit the center of the spot using the brightness difference between the spot image and the footprint image. First, the geometric registration between the spot image and the footprint image is completed based on feature matching or template matching. Then, the brightness values between the two images are extracted from the corresponding image position to form a measurement, and the least squares adjustment method is used to calculate the parameters of the brightness conversion model between the spot image and the footprint image. Finally, according to the registration relationship, the center of the identified spots is respectively positioned in the footprint images, so that the laser spots are accurately identified in the along-track stereo footprint images. The experimental results show that the spot error of this method is less than 0.7 pixel, which has higher reliability and stability, and can be used for a GF-7 satellite footprint camera.
Conversion of cucumber linoleate 13-lipoxygenase to a 9-lipoxygenating species by site-directed mutagenesis (1999)

Multiple lipoxygenase sequence alignments and structural modeling of the enzyme/substrate interaction of the cucumber lipid body lipoxygenase suggested histidine 608 as the primary determinant of positional specificity. Replacement of this amino acid by a less-space-filling valine altered the positional specificity of this linoleate 13-lipoxygenase in favor of 9-lipoxygenation. These alterations may be explained by the fact that H608V mutation may demask the positively charged guanidino group of R758, which, in turn, may force an inverse head-to-tail orientation of the fatty acid substrate. The R758L+H608V double mutant exhibited a strongly reduced reaction rate and a random positional specificity. Trilinolein, which lacks free carboxylic groups, was oxygenated to the corresponding (13S)-hydro(pero)xy derivatives by both the wild-type enzyme and the linoleate 9-lipoxygenating H608V mutant. These data indicate the complete conversion of a linoleate 13-lipoxygenase to a 9-lipoxygenating species by a single point mutation. It is hypothesized that H608V exchange may alter the orientation of the substrate at the active site and/or its steric configuration in such a way that a stereospecific dioxygen insertion at C-9 may exclusively take place.
Cortical excitability differences in hand muscles follow a split‐hand pattern in healthy controls (2013)

This study establishes that differences in cortical excitability follow the split-hand pattern in healthy controls, a finding potentially explained by evolution of specialized activity of APB/FDI in complex hand tasks. Muscle Nerve 49: 836-844, 2014.
Reinventing the Wheel of Cyclic AMP (2002)

Mechanisms of cAMP signal transduction have been thoroughly investigated for more than 40 years. From the binding of hormonal ligands to their receptors on the outer surface of the plasma membrane to the cytoplasmic activation of effectors, the ensuing cAMP signaling cascades and the nuclear gene regulatory functions, coupled with the structural elucidation of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and in vivo functional characterizations of each of the components of PKA by homologous recombination gene targeting, our understanding of cAMP-mediated signal transduction has reached its pinnacle. Despite this trove of knowledge, some recent findings have emerged that suggest hitherto novel and alternative mechanisms of cAMP action that could increase the signaling bandwidth of cAMP and PKA in cell growth and transcriptional regulation. This article attempts to review some of these novel and unconventional mechanisms of cAMP and PKA signaling, and to generate further enthusiasm in investigating and validating these new frontiers of the cAMP signal transduction pathway.
Experiences and Challenges of Large-Scale System Configuration (2003)

This report identifies the large-scale fabric configuration requirements of the emerging Grid world. We present a number of real-world case studies to illustrate how several different organizations currently manage large-scale system fabrics. We then examine some projected use cases that aim to predict the way in which large-scale system configuration will need to evolve in order to meet the challenges of tomorrow’s
A UNESP nas ondas do rádio e o compromisso com os ouvintes por uma sociedade de paz (2010)

Introdução: No projeto de extensão universitária, a unesp nas ondas do rádio, cada uma das seis áreas do departamento: alemão, espanhol, francês, inglês, italiano e japonês, apresentam programas radiofônicos com duração de trinta minutos através de rádios da cidade e região. Objetivos: Os programas produzidos são de caráter informativos da atualidade, sem deixar de lado o entretenimento e a valorização das culturas, línguas e literaturas. Métodos: Semanalmente são produzidos programas temáticos quer formam um conjunto significativo, onde tudo é transmitido de maneira consistente e atraente, proporcionando ao ouvinte uma ampla idéia do que cada língua oferece. Resultados: Com esse projeto, abre-se à comunidade um leque de informações sociais e culturais, fazendo-os ter uma visão crítica maior sobre o mundo.
Research on high-efficiency, single-junction, monolithic thin-film amorphous silicon solar cells. Semiannual subcontract progress report, 1 October 1984-31 March 1985 (1985)

One of several tasks of the research reported here is the study of light-induced defects in intrinsic amorphous silicon, including both photoconductivity decay and recovery kinetics. The recovery was found to be thermally activated. The interdiffusion of Al and Si across the Al/a-Si:H interface has also been studied. As far as bulk diffusion of Al and Si is concerned, the interface appears stable at solar cell operating temperatures. However, substantial out-diffusion of Si through Al grain boundaries has been detected. Computer programs have been written for optical analysis of multi-layered, thin-film cells with and without light trapping. The energy dependence of the refractive index for undoped a-Si:H and p-type a-Si/sub x/C/sub 1-x/:H has been determined from reflectance and transmittance measurements. The effect of tin oxide morphology on cell performance has also been investigated. Granular tin oxide leads to lower open-circuit voltages but higher currents, fill factors, and efficiencies. Light soaking and annealing studies have been performed on single-junction cells, and the results suggest a reduction in carrier collection length due to excess carrier recombination. The influence of tin oxide resistivity and transmission on module design has also been investigated, and the effect of tin oxide thickness calculated.
Clinical drug resistance linked to interconvertible phenotypic and functional states of tumor-propagating cells in multiple myeloma (2012)

The phenotype and function of cells enriched in tumor-propagating activity and their relationship to the phenotypic architecture in multiple myeloma (MM) are controversial. Here, in a cohort of 30 patients, we show that MM composes 4 hierarchically organized, clonally related subpopulations, which, although phenotypically distinct, share the same oncogenic chromosomal abnormalities as well as immunoglobulin heavy chain complementarity region 3 area sequence. Assessed in xenograft assays, myeloma-propagating activity is the exclusive property of a population characterized by its ability for bidirectional transition between the dominant CD19(-)CD138(+) plasma cell (PC) and a low frequency CD19(-)CD138(-) subpopulation (termed Pre-PC); in addition, Pre-PCs are more quiescent and unlike PCs, are primarily localized at extramedullary sites. As shown by gene expression profiling, compared with PCs, Pre-PCs are enriched in epigenetic regulators, suggesting that epigenetic plasticity underpins the phenotypic diversification of myeloma-propagating cells. Prospective assessment in paired, pretreatment, and posttreatment bone marrow samples shows that Pre-PCs are up to 300-fold more drug-resistant than PCs. Thus, clinical drug resistance in MM is linked to reversible, bidirectional phenotypic transition of myeloma-propagating cells. These novel biologic insights have important clinical implications in relation to assessment of minimal residual disease and development of alternative therapeutic strategies in MM.
Oncogenic Partnerships: EWS-FLI1 Protein Interactions Initiate Key Pathways of Ewing's Sarcoma (2010)

Targeted therapy for cancer, which is specifically directed toward the cancer without any potential for effects outside of controlling the tumor, is a gold standard for treatment. Ewing's sarcoma contains the potential target EWS-FLI1, as a result of a pathognomonic chromosomal translocation. The EWS-FLI1 fusion protein includes the EWS domain, a potent transcriptional activator alongside the highly conserved FLI1 ets DNA-binding domain. Because of the combination of these domains, the EWS-FLI1 fusion protein acts as an aberrant transcription factor whose expression results in cellular transformation. EWS-FLI1 functions by binding to normal cellular protein partners in transcription and splicing, similar to how a virus would corrupt normal cellular machinery for virion production. Therefore, understanding the protein-protein interactions of EWS-FLI1 and the pathways that are regulated by these partnerships will inform both oncogenesis and therapeutics. This review describes the known protein partners and transcriptional targets of EWS-FLI1, while proposing strategies for exploiting these partnerships with targeted therapy.
Formulation of 3D shoe sizes using scanning camera and CAD modelling (2008)

Purpose: This paper purposes to formulate 3D shoe size by using scanning camera and link to CAD modeling. Design/methodology/approach: The research design is divided into four groups with different ages and sex. The first group is boys and girls with 6-10 years old. The second group is teenagers with 11 – 20 years old. The third group is university students and working people with 21-30 year olds. The last group is professional working people group with 31 – 48 years old. The sample populations are selected and measured their feet both left and right sides. Each group contains ten to eighteen people except the child group which contains three to five children. The sampling sizes are 97 people. The 3D scanning camera is used in order to obtain the all sides of the feet. The process contains five steps in five foot positions; the middle foot, the 45° left foot, the 90° left foot, the 45° right foot, 90° right foot. The foot data image of all the sampling populations are classified in the same and similar sizes. Eight groups are determined that is formulated by eight sizes of the Thai shoe size. The size is started from the 19 W7.4 H6.7 to 27 W10.8 H9.1 which represents 3D shoe size. Findings: The research result has investigated the new standard size model based on Thai local populations in 3D models. This study shows precisely the customized shoe sizes for individual people as well as the grouping shoe sizes for Thai people. Practical implications: It can make benefits for shoe designers, customers and manufacturers. Originality/value: This study shows precisely the customized shoe sizes for individual people as well as the grouping shoe sizes for Thai people.
Russia and the South Caucasus: The China Challenge (2022)

Russia has sought to maintain its influence in the South Caucasus by a variety of means, viewing the region as an area of crucial importance for its core strategic interests. However, China’s prominence in the South Caucasus has increased significantly over the past decade, as the South Caucasus states seek to diversify their diplomatic and economic ties. This essay explores whether Russia’s regional hegemony in the South Caucasus is being challenged by China: does China’s growing engagement with the states of the South Caucasus pose a challenge to Russian influence within its traditional zone of ‘privileged interest’?
Posterior chamber collamer phakic intraocular lens for myopia and hyperopia. (1999)

Refractive predictability appears better for hyeropia than for myopia using the STAAR Collamer foldable posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens. In hyperopic eyes, development of pupillary block may occur.
An Edge-Based Approach for Video Text Extraction (2009)

Text in video is a compact but effective clue for video indexing and summarization. In this paper, we propose an edge-based video text extraction approach with low computation, which can automatically detect and extract text from complex video frames. We first detect the edge maps of both an intensity image and its binarized image, and merge the two into one edge map, which contains less edge pixels of background but enriched edge pixels of text. Then, the projection profile method is used to evaluate the distribution of the resulting edge map in both horizontal and vertical directions. In both directions, an adaptive thresholding method is applied to identify adjacent pixel rows and columns which contain text. The intersections of these rows and columns are extracted as text regions. Finally, a novel extraction method based on monochromatism of text is applied to the regions. The output of the extraction method can be directly fed to OCR. The performance of our approach is demonstrated by presenting experimental results for a set of video clips and static images.
Adaptive Prefetching Scheme Using Web Log Mining in Cluster-Based Web Systems (2009)

The main memory management has been a critical issue to provide high performance in web cluster systems.To overcome the speed gap between processors and disks,many prefetch schemes have been proposed as memory management in web cluster systems. However, inefficient prefetch schemes can degrade the performance of the web cluster system. Dynamic access patterns due to the web cache mechanism in proxy servers increase mispredictions to waste the I/O bandwidth and available memory. Too aggressive prefetch schemes incur the shortage of available memory and performance degradation. Furthermore, modern web frameworks including persistent HTTP make the problem more challenging by reducing the available memory space with multiple connections from a client and web processes management in a prefork mode. Therefore, we attempt to design an adaptive web prefetch scheme by predicting memory status more accurately and dynamically. First, we design double prediction-by-partial-match scheme (DPS) that can be adapted to the modern web framework. Second, we propose adaptive rate controller(ARC) to determine the prefetch rate depending on the memory status dynamically. Finally, we suggest memory aware request distribution (MARD) that distributes requests based on the available web processes and memory.For evaluating the prefetch gain in a server node, we implement an Apache module in Linux. In addition, we build a simulator for verifying our scheme with cluster environments. Simulation results show 10% performance improvement on average in various workloads.
Tracking Wafers with RFID (2006)

Two patients who underwent breast conservation including radiotherapy for early breast carcinoma are described and who subsequently delivered healthy newborn infants. One of the two patients lactated from both the irradiated and the non-irradiated breast; whereas the other patient did not lactate from the irradiated side. The treatment and implications are discussed.
Purification and Characterization of .BETA.-N-Acetylhexosaminidase from Trichoderma harzianum. (1991)

beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidase was produced by Trichoderma harzianum cultivated with chitin as the growth substrate. The enzyme was purified 13.2-fold to homogeneity by ultrafiltration and sequential chromatography on SP-Toyopearl and Sephacryl S-200. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be about 150,000 by gel filtration. The pH and temperature optima were 4.0-5.5 and 50 degrees C, respectively. The enzyme hydrolyzed N-acetylchitooligosaccharides at the non-reducing ends to release GlcNAc monomer. The enzyme showed a strict substrate specificity to the sugar chains in complex carbohydrates, hydrolyzing only the linkage of GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal, but not hydrolyzing the other linkages such as GalNAc beta 1-3Gal and GlcNAc beta 1-2Man.
Microalgae are possible source of biodiesel'' fuel (1994)

Researchers interested in developing renewable energy resources are investigating the use of single-celled algae--microalgae--as a potential source of lipids that could be converted into a diesel fuel substitute known as biodiesel. Progress in this effort was described at a symposium on photobiological and photochemical formation of fuels and chemicals sponsored by the Biotechnology Secretariat. The aim of NREL's Biodiesel from Aquatic Species Project is to develop the technology for large-scale production of oil-rich microalgae as well as methods to convert the microalgal lipids into liquid fuels needed for industry and transportation. A major goal is to use genetic engineering techniques to control the lipid production of microalgae. By manipulating culture conditions, researchers already can increase the lipid content of the microalgae cell from the 5 to 20% found in nature to more than 60% in the laboratory and more than 40% in outdoor culture.
The behavior of an adaptive algorithm with moving primary source (1996)

Because of the rapid progress of DSP hardware performance, the application of active noise control to a moving noise source has become a much more realistic problem. This study describes the preliminary investigations concerning the behavior of a multichannel adaptive algorithm with a moving primary source. The steepest descent algorithms, such as multiple error filtered-x LMS, are often used in practical feedforward active control applications. A previous study showed that the stability and the performance of this algorithm strongly depend on the estimation errors of the transfer responses of the acoustic plant being controlled. The effect of the primary signal variations including the Doppler effect, however, had hardly been investigated. In this study, the convergence properties of the algorithms with the moving sound source were examined by numerical simulations. To simplify the problems and clarify the substantial limitations of the system, a pure tone and a simple free field was assumed as the primary signal and the sound field, respectively. Results showed that the system could converge, and the possible attenuation was varied corresponding to the positions of the primary source.
Identification and Characterization of an <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Biofilm-Associated Protein (2007)

We have identified a homologue to the staphylococcal biofilm-associated protein (Bap) in a bloodstream isolate of Acinetobacter baumannii. The fully sequenced open reading frame is 25,863 bp and encodes a protein with a predicted molecular mass of 854 kDa. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence reveals a repetitive structure consistent with bacterial cell surface adhesins. Bap-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) 6E3 was generated to an epitope conserved among 41% of A. baumannii strains isolated during a recent outbreak in the U.S. military health care system. Flow cytometry confirms that the MAb 6E3 epitope is surface exposed. Random transposon mutagenesis was used to generate A. baumannii bap1302::EZ-Tn5, a mutant negative for surface reactivity to MAb 6E3 in which the transposon disrupts the coding sequence of bap. Time course confocal laser scanning microscopy and three-dimensional image analysis of actively growing biofilms demonstrates that this mutant is unable to sustain biofilm thickness and volume, suggesting a role for Bap in supporting the development of the mature biofilm structure. This is the first identification of a specific cell surface protein directly involved in biofilm formation by A. baumannii and suggests that Bap is involved in intercellular adhesion within the mature biofilm.