gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nucleotide Sequence and Properties of the<i>hrm</i>A Locus Associated with the<i>Pseudomonas syringae</i>pv.<i>syringae</i>61<i>hrp G</i>ene Cluster (1993)

The hrmA locus, isolated from Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 61, is essential for phenotypic expression of the P. s. pv. syringae 61 hrp cluster in Escherichia coli strains and enables bacteria carrying the hrp/hrm gene cluster to elicit the hypersensitive response (HR) associated with plant disease resistance. The phenotype of P. s. pv syringae 61 hrmA mutants (pathogenicity+, delayed HR) was distinct from that of hrp mutants. The locus was localized to a 3.6-kb BamH1-EcoR1 fragment whose nucleotide sequence was determined. A single open reading frame was identified that encodes for a 41,457-Da protein of unknown biochemical function. Production of the deduced protein product was confirmed by using T7 RNA polymerase-directed expression of the locus and N-terminal sequence analysis of the isolated HrmA. The deduced protein product did not exhibit homology with any of the characterized avr genes or the hrpN product of Erwinia amylovora. Transcription was shown to initiate 37 nucleotides upstream of the translational start from an apparent sigma 70 promoter. Two hrp genes were shown to act as positive transcriptional factors for hrmA expression. Expression of hrmA in P. syringae pv. glycinea race 4 did not exhibit the phenotypic properties of an avr gene or HrpN, but suggested that this locus may serve a regulatory function. A homolog to hrmA was present in strains of only three of the 23 P. syringae pathovars tested.
On the structure of an electrostatic spray of monodisperse droplets (1994)

An experimental study has been performed on the structure of an electrostatic spray of monodisperse droplets. Such a spray is established when a liquid with sufficient electric conductivity and moderate surface tension, in the present case heptane doped with an antistatic additive, is fed through a small metal tube maintained at several kilovolts relative to a ground electrode a few centimeters away. The liquid meniscus at the outlet of the capillary takes a conical shape under the action of the electric field, with a thin jet emerging from the cone tip. This jet breaks up into charged droplets that disperse into a fine spray. Flash shadowgraph of the breakup region showed that the jet initially breaks into droplets of bimodal size distribution by varicose wave instabilities. The spray monodispersity is established farther downstream by a segregation process of electrostatic and inertial nature that confines the bulk of the mass flow rate (97%) and 85% of the total current in a core of nearly monodisperse primary droplets, with the remainder in a shroud of satellites. Droplet size, axial velocity, and concentration were measured throughout the spray by phase Doppler anemometry (PDA). The complementary use of these measurements permitted the determination of the electric field via the spray momentum equation. It was found that droplets are ejected from the jet at a relatively high velocity in a region characterized by a very intense electric field. They maintain this velocity farther downstream because of inertia, even though the field is precipitously decreasing, and ultimately decelerate under the action of the drag force and a progressively weaker electrostatic force. Velocity and concentration fields were shown to be self-similar. Comparison between the external field, due to the potential difference applied between the electrodes, and the space charge field shows that the droplet axial motion is driven primarily by the external field, whereas the droplet radial motion and, consequently, the jet lateral spreading, is controlled primarily by the space charge field. The latter is typically at least one order of magnitude smaller than the external one, except at off-axis locations near the breakup region of the spray, where the two fields can be comparable. The droplet charge distribution was also determined via the spray momentum equation and the simultaneous measurements of droplet size and velocity in a region where droplets experience negligible acceleration. The charge distribution was found to be narrow, with a ratio of standard deviation over mean of 0.15.
FORMATION AND FUNCTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OF A MOLECULAR COMPLEX DERIVED FROM THE SECOND AND THE FOURTH COMPONENT OF HUMAN COMPLEMENT (1967)

A functional unit of the human complement system has been delineated. It is composed of two subunits which are derived from the second (C'2) and from the fourth (C'4) component of complement. Purified C'2 and C'4 were found to interact in free solution and to form a reversible protein-protein complex. When acted upon by C'1 esterase in the presence of Mg ions, the reversible complex acquires stability and the ability to act enzymatically on the third component of complement. The trivial name C'3 convertase has been selected to denote the enzyme. Molecular weight determinations suggest that the entire C'4 molecule, but probably only a fragment of the C'2 molecule, are incorporated into C'3 convertase. Prior treatment of C'2 with iodine led to enhanced stability and activity of the enzyme. It was shown that the cell-bound form of C'3 convertase is cytolytically active and that the free enzyme is able to induce lysis from the fluid phase of erythrocytes from patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Evidence was presented that action of C'3 convertase on C'3 results in fragmentation of the molecule.
Reaction of AlR<sub>3</sub> with [CPh<sub>3</sub>][B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>4</sub>]:  Facile Degradation of [B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>-</sup> by Transient “[AlR<sub>2</sub>]<sup>+</sup>” (1998)

Trimethylaluminum reacts with [CPh3][B(C6F5)4] at elevated temperatures to give a mixture of AlMe3-x(C6F5)x compounds, depending on the Al/B ratio. AlBui3 reacts significantly faster under β-hydride abstraction. The Al−C6F5 species rapidly react with Cp2ZrMe2 or [Cp2ZrMe]+ under C6F5 transfer to give poorly active Cp2ZrMe(C6F5); this reaction may have implications for the deactivation of Cp2ZrMe2/AlR3/[CPh3][B(C6F5)4] olefin polymerization catalysts.
An analysis of Linux scalability to many cores (2010)

This paper analyzes the scalability of seven system applications (Exim, memcached, Apache, PostgreSQL, gmake, Psearchy, and MapReduce) running on Linux on a 48- core computer. Except for gmake, all applications trigger scalability bottlenecks inside a recent Linux kernel. Using mostly standard parallel programming techniques-- this paper introduces one new technique, sloppy counters-- these bottlenecks can be removed from the kernel or avoided by changing the applications slightly. Modifying the kernel required in total 3002 lines of code changes. A speculative conclusion from this analysis is that there is no scalability reason to give up on traditional operating system organizations just yet.
Ranking Services by Service Network Structure and Service Attributes (2013)

Service network analysis is an essential aspect of web service discovery, search, mining and recommendation. Many popular web service networks are content-rich in terms of heterogeneous types of entities, attributes and links. A main challenge for ranking services is how to incorporate multiple complex and heterogeneous factors, such as service attributes, relationships between services, relationships between services and service providers or service consumers, into the design of service ranking functions. In this paper, we model services, attributes, and the associated entities, such as providers, consumers, by a heterogeneous service network. We propose a unified neighborhood random walk distance measure, which integrates various types of links and vertex attributes by a local optimal weight assignment. Based on this unified distance measure, a reinforcement algorithm, ServiceRank, is provided to tightly integrate ranking and clustering by mutually and simultaneously enhancing each other such that the performance of both can be improved. An additional clustering matching strategy is proposed to efficiently align clusters from different types of objects. Our extensive evaluation on both synthetic and real service networks demonstrates the effectiveness of ServiceRank in terms of the quality of both clustering and ranking among multiple types of entity, link and attribute similarities in a service network.
MEASURING FLUID VELOCITY BY NUCLEAR RESONANCE (1960)

A system for the measurement of fluid flow by nuclear magnetic resonance is described. Applications of the system are discussed. (C.J.G.)
Development of a drone equipped with optimized sensors for nuclear and radiological risk characterization (2011)

The MOBISIC project, funded by the System@tic Paris-Region cluster, is being developed in the context of local crisis (attack bombing in urban environment, in confined space such as an underground train tunnel etc.) or specific event securing (soccer world cup, political meeting etc.). It consists in conceiving, developing and experimenting a mobile, modular ('plug and play') and multi-sensors securing system. In this project, CEA LIST has suggested different solutions for nuclear risks detection and identification. It results in embedding a CZT sensor and a gamma camera in an indoor drone. This article first presents the different modifications carried out on the UAV and different sensors, and focuses then on the experimental performances.
Gas-phase reactions of chloroform and 1,1,2-trichloroethane with hydrogen in a tubular flow reactor (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGas-phase reactions of chloroform and 1,1,2-trichloroethane with hydrogen in a tubular flow reactorShien Chen Chuang and Joseph W. BozzelliCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1986, 25, 1, 317–321Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i200032a052https://doi.org/10.1021/i200032a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views55Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Thermal Decomposition of Sulfur Compounds. I. 2-Methyl-2-propanethiol (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermal Decomposition of Sulfur Compounds. I. 2-Methyl-2-propanethiolC. J. Thompson, R. A. Meyer, and J. S. BallCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 13, 3284–3287Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01133a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01133a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views218Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A radio aware random iterative scheduling technique for high speed downlink packet access (2003)

The overall performance of the high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) proposal in 3GPP in terms of delay and throughput for various possible radio resource allocation and scheduling algorithms is evaluated using a system level simulator. By exploiting the weaknesses of the conventional wireless scheduling techniques under extreme scenarios, a novel random iterative hybrid scheduling (RIIHS) and radio aware wireless resource allocation technique for HSDPA is introduced. The algorithm has the unique ability of reaching the maximum possible levels of the throughput and fairness and minimum possible level of the delay at the same time.
Structure of Domain Walls in Multiple Films (1966)

We derive an approximate solution of the micromagnetic equations for a Néel-type wall in multiple films. A small normal component of magnetization M permits most of the pole distribution to concentrate on the film surfaces. Thus, the magnetic-field energy resides mostly in the nonmagnetic gaps between magnetic films. The wall structure is found to consist of two ``wings'' having little exchange energy which flank a ``kernel'' in which only exchange and anisotropy energy terms are significantly involved. The kernel makes secondary contributions to the total width and energy of the wall. In first order, the wing shape is given by Mx = M0 exp{−[(K/πDb)½ |x|/M0]}, where K = anisotropy, b = thickness of nonmagnetic layer, x = distance normal to the wall plane, and D = one magnetic layer thickness for a double film or one-half of a thickness for an infinite number of layers. The first-order energy per unit area is 2M0(πKDb)½. This energy is lower than previous results and extends the region of stability for Néel walls (as opposed to Bloch walls) to greater D, especially for small b.
Improved Survival of the Diabetic Foot: The Role of a Specialised Foot Clinic (1986)

A specialized foot clinic for diabetic patients has made a detailed analysis of the presentation of diabetic foot ulcers and from this a new, organised approach to treatment has been derived. Over three years it has achieved a high rate of ulcer healing and reduced the number of major amputations. It has brought together the skills of chiropodist, shoe-fitter, nurse, physician and surgeon to manage the distinctive lesions of the neuropathic and ischaemic diabetic foot. The neuropathic ulcer was invariably associated with callus, whereas the ischaemic ulcer presented as areas of necrosis often from localised pressure of tight shoes. Essential aspects of management are specially constructed shoes, intensive chiropody and precise antibiotic treatment. Healing was achieved in 204 out of 238 (86 per cent) neuropathic ulcers and 107 out of 148 (72 per cent) ischaemic ulcers. Relapse rate in special shoes was 26 per cent compared with 83 per cent who preferred to wear their own shoes. In the two years before the establishment of the clinic, there were 11 and 12 major amputations yearly. This rate has now been reduced to seven, seven and five amputations yearly.
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis cmaA2 Gene Encodes a Mycolic Acid trans-Cyclopropane Synthetase (2001)

Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a major global health emergency. Although detailed understanding of the molecular events of M. tuberculosis pathogenesis is still limited, recent genetic analyses have implicated specific lipids of the cell envelope as important effectors in M. tuberculosis pathogenesis. We have shown that pcaA, a novel member of a family of M. tuberculosis S-adenosyl methionine (SAM)-dependent methyl transferases, is required for alpha-mycolic acid cyclopropanation and lethal chronic persistent M. tuberculosis infection. To examine the apparent redundancy between pcaA and cmaA2, another cyclopropane synthetase of M. tuberculosis thought to be involved in alpha-mycolate synthesis, we have disrupted the cmaA2 gene in virulent M. tuberculosis by specialized transduction. Inactivation of cmaA2 causes accumulation of unsaturated derivatives of both the methoxy- and ketomycolates. Analysis by proton NMR indicates that the mycolic acids of the cmaA2 mutant lack trans-cyclopropane rings but are otherwise intact with respect to cyclopropane and methyl branch content. Thus, cmaA2 is required for the synthesis of the trans cyclopropane rings of both the methoxymycolates and ketomycolates. These results define cmaA2 as a trans-cyclopropane synthetase and expand our knowledge of the substrate specificity of a large family of highly homologous mycolic acid methyl transferases recently shown to be critical to M. tuberculosis pathogenesis.
Konzeption und Aufbau des Buches (1994)

Damit Sie sich rasch orientieren können, ist das vorliegende Buch als Selbstlernprogramm aufgebaut. Theoretische Ausführungen sind zugunsten praktischer Handlungsempfehlungen auf ein Mindestmaß beschränkt worden. Abbildung 1 zeigt Ihnen den inneren Aufbau (Konzeption) des Ganzen.
Evidence for a role of the 5-HT <sub>1B</sub> receptor and its adaptor protein, p11, in <scp>l</scp> -DOPA treatment of an animal model of Parkinsonism (2008)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a progressive degeneration of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons projecting to the striatum. Restoration of dopamine transmission by L-DOPA relieves symptoms of PD but causes prominent side effects. There is a strong serotonin innervation of the striatum by serotonergic neurons that remains relatively preserved in PD. The study of this innervation has been largely neglected. Here, we demonstrate that chronic L-DOPA administration to 6-OHDA-lesioned rodents increases, via D1 receptors, the levels of the 5-HT1B receptor and its adaptor protein, p11, in dopamine-denervated striatonigral neurons. Using unilaterally 6-OHDA-lesioned p11 WT and KO mice, it was found that administration of a selective 5-HT1B receptor agonist, CP94253, inhibited L-DOPA-induced rotational behavior and abnormal involuntary movements in a p11-dependent manner. These data reveal an L-DOPA-induced negative-feedback mechanism, whereby the serotonin system may influence the symptomatology of Parkinsonism.
A Ti:Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ master-oscillator/power-amplifier system (1993)

The authors have constructed a multistage Ti:Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ master-oscillator/power-amplifier system which generates 115-ns, 0.38-J pulses at 800 nm. The system is tunable from 760 to 825 nm and has a repetition rate of 10 Hz. Measurements of the output pulse demonstrate near-diffraction-limited performance and a Fourier-transform-limited bandwidth of approximately 4 MHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of endurance exercise training and curcumin intake on central arterial hemodynamics in postmenopausal women: pilot study (2012)

These findings suggest that regular endurance exercise combined with daily curcumin ingestion may reduce LV afterload to a greater extent than monotherapy with either intervention alone in postmenopausal women.
Overexpression of ST6GalNAcV, a ganglioside-specific α2,6-sialyltransferase, inhibits glioma growth in vivo (2010)

Aberrant cell-surface glycosylation patterns are present on virtually all tumors and have been linked to tumor progression, metastasis, and invasivity. We have shown that expressing a normally quiescent, glycoprotein-specific α2,6-sialyltransferase (ST6Gal1) gene in gliomas inhibited invasivity in vitro and tumor formation in vivo. To identify other glycogene targets with therapeutic potential, we created a focused 45-mer oligonucleotide microarray platform representing all of the cloned human glycotranscriptome and examined the glycogene expression profiles of 10 normal human brain specimens, 10 malignant gliomas, and 7 human glioma cell lines. Among the many significant changes in glycogene expression observed, of particular interest was the observation that an additional α2,6-sialyltransferase, ST6 (α- N -acetyl-neuraminyl-2,3-β-galactosyl-1,3)- N -acetylgalactosaminide α2,6-sialyltransferase 5 (ST6GalNAcV), was expressed at very low levels in all glioma and glioma cell lines examined compared with normal brain. ST6GalNAcV catalyzes the formation of the terminal α2,6-sialic acid linkages on gangliosides. Stable transfection of ST6GalNAcV into U373MG glioma cells produced ( i ) no change in α2,6-linked sialic acid-containing glycoproteins, ( ii ) increased expression of GM2α and GM3 gangliosides and decreased expression of GM1b, Gb3, and Gb4, ( iii ) marked inhibition of in vitro invasivity, ( iv ) modified cellular adhesion to fibronectin and laminin, ( v ) increased adhesion-mediated protein tyrosine phosphorylation of HSPA8, and ( vi ) inhibition of tumor growth in vivo. These results strongly suggest that modulation of the synthesis of specific glioma cell-surface glycosphingolipids alters invasivity in a manner that may have significant therapeutic potential.
Hepatitis B‐related hepatocellular carcinoma: epidemiological characteristics and disease burden (2009)

Worldwide, 350 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) who are at greater risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared with uninfected people. The relative risks of HCC among people infected with HBV ranges from 5 to 49 in case-control studies and from 7 to 98 in cohort studies. More than 50% of HCC cases worldwide and 70-80% of HCC cases in highly HBV endemic regions are attributable to HBV. Incidence of HCC (per 100,000 person/year) among people with chronic HBV infection ranges from 400 to 800 in male and from 120 to 180 in female. Factors associated with increased risk of HCC include demographic characteristics (male sex and older age), lifestyles (heavy alcohol consumption and smoking), viral factors (genotype C, D F, high level of HBV DNA, core/precore mutation) and clinical factors (cirrhosis, elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)). HBV-related HCC has extremely poor prognosis with median survival less than 16 months. Survival rates of HBV-related HCC ranged from 36% to 67% after 1 year and from 15% to 26% after 5 year of diagnosis. Older age, liver function impairment, vascular invasion, tumour aggressiveness and elevated AFP are associated with HCC survival. Global burden of HBV-related liver disease is still a major challenge for public health in the 21st century. While decreases in incidence of HBV infection have been observed in birth cohorts following the introduction of universal infant HBV vaccination programme, HBV-related HCC incidence in is projected to increase for at least two decades because of the high prevalence of chronic HBV infection and prolonged latency to HCC development. To reduce HBV-related HCC continued expansion of universal infant HBV vaccination is required along with antiviral therapy targeted to those individuals at highest risk of HCC. Broad public health strategies should include routine testing to identify chronic HBV infection, improved health infrastructures including human resource to provide diagnosis and treatment assessment.