gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Constitutive Protease-activated Receptor-2-mediated Migration of MDA MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells Requires Both β-Arrestin-1 and -2 (2004)

Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) is activated by trypsin-like serine proteases and can promote cell migration through an ERK1/2-dependent pathway, involving formation of a scaffolding complex at the leading edge of the cell. Previous studies also showed that expression of a dominant negative fragment of beta-arrestin-1 reduces PAR-2-stimulated internalization, ERK1/2 activation, and cell migration; however, this reagent may block association of many proteins, including beta-arrestin-2 with clathrin-coated pits. Here we investigate the role of PAR-2 in the constitutive migration of a metastatic breast cancer cell line, MDA MB-231, and use small interfering RNA to determine the contribution of each beta-arrestin to this process. We demonstrate that a trypsin-like protease secreted from MDA MB-231 cells can promote cell migration through autocrine activation of PAR-2 and this correlates with constitutive localization of PAR-2, beta-arrestin-2, and activated ERK1/2 to pseudopodia. Addition of MEK-1 inhibitors, trypsin inhibitors, a scrambled PAR-2 peptide, and silencing of beta-arrestins with small interfering RNA also reduce base-line migration of MDA MB-231 cells. In contrast, a less metastatic PAR-2 expressing breast cancer cell line does not exhibit constitutive migration, pseudopodia formation, or trypsin secretion; in these cells PAR-2 is more uniformly distributed around the cell periphery. These data demonstrate a requirement for both beta-arrestins in PAR-2-mediated motility and suggest that autocrine activation of PAR-2 by secreted proteases may contribute to the migration of metastatic tumor cells through beta-arrestin-dependent ERK1/2 activation.
Analysis of Heat Island Characteristics of Coast and Riverside Area Using GIS in Busan (2013)

주거, 상업, 공공시설용지 등의 토지개발은 시외지역에 비하여 도심지역의 온도가 상승하는 원인이 되어왔다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 강변지역과 해안지역을 중심으로 연구지역을 선정하여 토지이용 및 기후변화에 따른 온도변화를 분석하였고, 또한 지형적 특징과 온도변화와의 상관관계를 알아보았다. 2003년에 비해 2007년 기온은 1.80℃ 증가하였고, 풍속은 0.24m/s 감소하였다. 또한 시가화 지역은 3.27% 증가하였고, 산림지역은 2.54% 감소하였다. 상관관계를 비교 분석한 결과 강변지역은 초지와 나지가, 해안지역은 산림과 초지에서 지형인자와 기후인자간의 상관성이 비교적 높게 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 지역 특성에 따라 열섬현상 문제에 대한 방안을 제시, 예측 등의 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.
High-resolution phase mapping with parallel Fourier domain optical coherence microscopy for dispersion contrast imaging (2011)

We demonstrate a high-speed parallel line field optical coherence microscopy (OCM) system that exhibits intrinsically high phase stability even with lateral scanning. The presented Fourier domain (FD) OCM system employs a high speed CMOS detector and achieves up to 512 000 equivalent A-scans per second. The microscopy system is shown to resolve the smallest elements of the USAF resolution test target (Group 7, Element 6), indicating the transverse (Y- non-scanning parallel direction)) resolution and resolution in X (scanning) direction less than 2.2 µm. The capability of imaging biological samples is demonstrated on human red blood cells (RBC). The high phase sensitivity allows resolving the thickness map of the RBC. Resolving the phase gives further access to the dispersion properties of the sample, which in turn reveals chemical information of the microsystem. Full Text: PDF References W. Drexler, J.G. Fujimoto, Optical Coherence Tomography: Technology And Applications (Springer, 2008)[CrossRef] J.A. Izatt, M.R. Hee, G.M. Owen, E.A. Swanson, J.G. Fujimoto, "Optical coherence microscopy in scattering media", Opt. Lett. 19, 590 (1994)[CrossRef] A. Dubois, K. Grieve, G.Moneron, R. Lecaque, L. Vabre, C. Boccara, "Ultrahigh-Resolution Full-Field Optical Coherence Tomography", Appl. Opt. 43, 2874 (2004)[CrossRef] B. Grajciar, M. Pircher, A. F. Fercher, R. A. Leitgeb, "Parallel Fourier domain optical coherence tomography for in vivo measurement of the human eye", Opt. Exp. 13, 1131 (2008)[CrossRef] Y. Chen, S.W. Huang, A.D. Aguirre, J.G. Fujimoto, "High-resolution line-scanning optical coherence microscopy", Opt. Lett. 32, 1971 (2007)[CrossRef] B. Grajciar, Y. Lehareinger, A.F. Fercher, R.A. Leitgeb, "High sensitivity phase mapping with parallel Fourier domain optical coherence tomography at 512 000 A-scan/s", Opt. Exp. 18, 21841 (2010)[CrossRef] M. Choma, A. K. Ellerbee, Ch. Yang, T.L. Creazzo, J.A. Izatt, "Spectral-domain phase microscopy", Opt. Lett. 30, 1162 (2005)[CrossRef] S.M.Bagherzadeh, B. Grajciar, C.K. Hitzenberger, M. Pircher, A.F. Fercher, "Dispersion-based optical coherence tomography OCT measurement of mixture concentrations", Opt. Lett. 32(20), 2924 (2007)[CrossRef]
Multiversion data warehouse constraints (2010)

Data warehouse (DW) schema and instances may undergo several changes coming from data sources or from user analysis requirements. In order to be able to handle these changes, we have proposed a multiversion DW (MV-DW) model, which has to manage temporal versions of DW schema components and dimension members. Since this model is based on a multidimensional structure enhanced by temporal and versioning extensions, it requires several integrity constraints to maintain the consistency of its structure and data. The present paper first describes our meta-model for MV-DW. Then, a set of multiversion DW constraints are defined under three classes: structural constraints, temporal constraints and versioning constraints. Each of these constraints is expressed under the Object Constraint Language (OCL). Finally, we show that the MV-DW consistency can be maintained by running algorithms that have to check the defined integrity constraints.
Photodynamic therapy of melanoma by blue-light photoactivation of flavin mononucleotide (2019)

Melanoma is one of the most aggressive and lethal form of cancer. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved technique for cancer treatment, including non-melanoma skin cancer. However, the most of conventional photosensitizers are of low efficacy against melanoma due to the possible dark toxicity at high drug concentrations, melanin pigmentation, and induction of anti-oxidant defense mechanisms. In the current research we propose non-toxic flavin mononucleotide (FMN), which is a water-soluble form of riboflavin (vitamin B2) as a promising agent for photodynamic therapy of melanoma. We demonstrated selective accumulation of FMN in melanoma cells in vivo and in vitro in comparison with keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Blue light irradiation with dose 5 J/cm<sup>2</sup> of melanoma cells pre-incubated with FMN led to cell death through apoptosis. Thus, the IC<sub>50</sub> values of human melanoma A375, Mel IL, and Mel Z cells were in a range of FMN concentration 10-30 µM that can be achieved in tumor tissue under systemic administration. The efficiency of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation under FMN blue light irradiation was measured in single melanoma cells by a label-free technique using an electrochemical nanoprobe in a real-time control manner. Melanoma xenograft regression in mice was observed as a result of intravenous injection of FMN followed by blue-light irradiation of tumor site. The inhibition of tumor growth was 85-90% within 50 days after PDT treatment.
Towards high-throughput microfluidic Raman-activated cell sorting (2015)

Raman-activated cell sorting (RACS) is a promising single-cell analysis technology that is able to identify and isolate individual cells of targeted type, state or environment from an isogenic population or complex consortium of cells, in a label-free and non-invasive manner. However, compared with those widely used yet labeling-required or staining-dependent cell sorting technologies such as FACS and MACS, the weak Raman signal greatly limits the further development of the existing RACS systems to achieve higher throughput. Strategies that can tackle this bottleneck include, first, improvement of Raman-acquisition efficiency and quality based on advanced Raman spectrometers and enhanced Raman techniques; second, development of novel microfluidic devices for cell sorting followed by integration into a complete RACS system. Exploiting these strategies, prototypes for a new generation of RACS have been demonstrated, such as flow-based OT-RACS, DEP-RACS, and SERS/CARS flow cytometry. Such high-throughput microfluidic RACS can provide biologists with a powerful single-cell analysis tool to explore the scientific questions or applications that have been beyond the reach of FACS and MACS.
Surgery For Acquired Aortic Valve Disease (1997)

1. Decision Making in Aortic Valve Disease 2. Aspects of Technique in Aortic Valve Surgery 3. Which Valve in the Aortic Position ? 4. Up date in Current Artificial Prostheses 5. Surgery of the Aortic Root 6. Post Operative Care 7. New Technology in Aortic Surgery
Characterization of the interactions of potent allosteric inhibitors with glutaminase C, a key enzyme in cancer cell glutamine metabolism (2018)

Altered glycolytic flux in cancer cells (the "Warburg effect") causes their proliferation to rely upon elevated glutamine metabolism ("glutamine addiction"). This requirement is met by the overexpression of glutaminase C (GAC), which catalyzes the first step in glutamine metabolism and therefore represents a potential therapeutic target. The small molecule CB-839 was reported to be more potent than other allosteric GAC inhibitors, including the parent compound bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1,2,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl (BPTES), and is in clinical trials. Recently, we described the synthesis of BPTES analogs having distinct saturated heterocyclic cores as a replacement for the flexible chain moiety, with improved microsomal stability relative to CB-839 and BPTES. Here, we show that one of these new compounds, UPGL00004, like CB-839, more potently inhibits the enzymatic activity of GAC, compared with BPTES. We also compare the abilities of UPGL00004, CB-839, and BPTES to directly bind to recombinant GAC and demonstrate that UPGL00004 has a similar binding affinity as CB-839 for GAC. We also show that UPGL00004 potently inhibits the growth of triple-negative breast cancer cells, as well as tumor growth when combined with the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody bevacizumab. Finally, we compare the X-ray crystal structures for UPGL00004 and CB-839 bound to GAC, verifying that UPGL00004 occupies the same binding site as CB-839 or BPTES and that all three inhibitors regulate the enzymatic activity of GAC via a similar allosteric mechanism. These results provide insights regarding the potency of these inhibitors that will be useful in designing novel small-molecules that target a key enzyme in cancer cell metabolism.
What's in a name? Trust. Internet-scale namespaces. II (1999)

Resolving "renowned programming pioneer" to "David Wheeler" may seem little enough like resolving w3.org to 18.29.0.27; the former process weighs human relationships, history, and judgment, while the latter mechanically queries a Domain Name System (DNS) database. Dig deeper, though, and every decision to name something turns out to be a trust decision. Names are resolvable only in the context of the community that agrees to that namespace.
Embedded Testing in an In-Circuit Test Environment (2008)

In-circuit test (ICT) has been used for more that 30 years to test for correct assembly of components on to a printed circuit board (PCB). The premise behind the in-circuit test philosophy was based on gaining netlevel access to a circuit and driving and sensing signals through the components of that circuit to determine if the components were placed correctly and soldered correctly to the board. Given today's board density and speed requirements, it is becoming more and more challenging to gain access to all of the nets on a given printed circuit assemble (PCA). Even with 100% access, the tester may not be capable of testing all of the nets on a large, high density PCA (due to the sheer number of nets on the board). In addition, as more and more logic is integrated into devices and signal integrity begins to dominate interconnect as the primary board level concern; the "relevance" of in-circuit test seems to be diminishing. This paper will discuss the application of "advanced" in-circuit test techniques to help improve the effectiveness of the in-circuit test on large, fast, complex PCAs with limited (test point) access.
Microstructured Surfaces for Directional Wetting (2009)

Directional wetting on limited sectors of surfaces is achieved on partially wetting microstructured surfaces by placing nonsymmetrical microstructures in a regular rectangular lattice. Droplet spreading to a 90° sector is possible when the microstructures are designed to present broad features towards the right and top and sharp features towards the left and bottom (see image).
Structural and Kinetic Characterization of Active-Site Histidine as a Proton Shuttle in Catalysis by Human Carbonic Anhydrase II<sup>,</sup> (2005)

In the catalysis of the hydration of carbon dioxide and dehydration of bicarbonate by human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II), a histidine residue (His64) shuttles protons between the zinc-bound solvent molecule and the bulk solution. To evaluate the effect of the position of the shuttle histidine and pH on proton shuttling, we have examined the catalysis and crystal structures of wild-type HCA II and two double mutants: H64A/N62H and H64A/N67H HCA II. His62 and His67 both have their side chains extending into the active-site cavity with distances from the zinc approximately equivalent to that of His64. Crystal structures were determined at pH 5.1-10.0, and the catalysis of the exchange of (18)O between CO(2) and water was assessed by mass spectrometry. Efficient proton shuttle exceeding a rate of 10(5) s(-)(1) was observed for histidine at positions 64 and 67; in contrast, relatively inefficient proton transfer at a rate near 10(3) s(-)(1) was observed for His62. The observation, in the crystal structures, of a completed hydrogen-bonded water chain between the histidine shuttle residue and the zinc-bound solvent does not appear to be required for efficient proton transfer. The data suggest that the number of intervening water molecules between the donor and acceptor supporting efficient proton transfer in HCA II is important, and furthermore suggest that a water bridge consisting of two intervening water molecules is consistent with efficient proton transfer.
Electron beam pumped lasing in ZnSe grown by molecular beam epitaxy (1987)

We report the first observations of lasing action in electron beam pumped ZnSe grown by molecular beam epitaxy on (100) GaAs substrates. In spite of the small thicknesses (approximately 2 μm) of the films used, lasing thresholds as low as 3.9 A/cm2 have been measured at an accelerating voltage of 20 kV when the (nominal) sample temperature was 15 K. Threshold currents increased for sample temperatures greater than 100 K, and for accelerating voltages both less than and greater than 20 kV.
A short-term clinical evaluation of a tricure glass-ionomer system as a transitional restoration and core buildup material. (1999)

The materials investigated are, over a period of at least 12 months, effective in the restoration of broken-down molar teeth destined to be crowned. With the use of these materials and ferruling, the use of dentin pins may be unnecessary in selected cases.
Sweden the Middle Way. By Marquis W. Childs. New Haven: Yale University Press. Toronto: The Ryerson Press. 1936. Pp. xvi, 171. ($2.75) - Monetary Policy and Crises: A Study of Swedish Experience. By Brinley Thomas. Preface by Hugh Dalton. London: George Routledge and Sons. 1936. Pp. xxii, 247. (7<i>s</i>. 6<i>d</i>.) (1937)

Sweden the Middle Way. By Marquis W. Childs. New Haven: Yale University Press. Toronto: The Ryerson Press. 1936. Pp. xvi, 171. ($2.75) - Monetary Policy and Crises: A Study of Swedish Experience. By Brinley Thomas. Preface by Hugh Dalton. London: George Routledge and Sons. 1936. Pp. xxii, 247. (7s. 6d.) - Volume 3 Issue 1
XML: The Annotated Specification (1998)

From the Publisher:
Now there is a guide to the often arcane language of XML, computer science and standards that you find in the official spec - XML: The Annotated Specification. In this book, XML insider Bob DuCharme presents the entire official spec - and all the help and interpretation you need to make the most of it. DuCharme doesn't just tell you what's in the XML spec; he reveals why decisions were made as they were - the information you need to achieve maximum results. With XML: The Annotated Specification, you have an authoritative source for the final word on everything XML - and the more you work with the language, the more valuable this book will become.
Structures of String Matching and Data Compression (1999)

This doctoral dissertation presents a range of results concerning efficient algorithms and data structures for string processing, including several schemes contributing to sequential data compression. It comprises both theoretic results and practical implementations. We study the suffix tree data structure, presenting an efficient representation and several generalizations. This includes augmenting the suffix tree to fully support sliding window indexing (including a practical implementation) in linear time. Furthermore, we consider a variant that indexes naturally word-partitioned data, and present a linear-time construction algorithm for a tree that represents only suffixes starting at word boundaries, requiring space linear in the number of words. By applying our sliding window indexing techniques, we achieve an efficient implementation for dictionary-based compression based on the LZ-77 algorithm. Furthermore, considering predictive source
Adaptive Waveform Design and Sequential Hypothesis Testing for Target Recognition With Active Sensors (2007)

Cognitive radar is a recently proposed approach in which a radar system may adaptively and intelligently interrogate a propagation channel using all available knowledge including previous measurements, task priorities, and external databases. A distinguishing characteristic of cognitive radar is that it operates in a closed loop, which enables constant optimization in response to its changing understanding of the channel. In this paper, we compare two different waveform design techniques for use with active sensors operating in a target recognition application. We also propose the integration of waveform design with a sequential-hypothesis-testing framework that controls when hard decisions may be made with adequate confidence. The result is a system that updates multiple target hypotheses/classes based on measured data, customizes waveforms as the class probabilities change, and draws conclusions when sufficient understanding of the propagation channel is achieved
Chirped fiber Bragg grating sensor based on phase delay (2007)

A novel design of linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating (LCFBG) based sensor, operating at a single optical wavelength and avoiding the complicated interrogation, is presented and demonstrated. The LCFBG exhibits a good linear relation between the group delay and the wavelength. When a pulsed optical signal goes through the LCFBG with a fixed wavelength within the grating bandwidth, it will be reflected at a particular spatial location along the grating and then will induce a particular time delay, which is direct proportional to the temperature applied on the grating. The time delay is an absolute parameter as well as the wavelength shift, resulting that it is insensitive to optical power fluctuation and loss. In order to measure the time delay accurately, the RF modulation technique is employed. The sensor setup is mainly composed of a narrowband laser source, a Mach-Zehnder electro-optic modulator driven by RF oscillator signal to provide an optical carrier, a 3dB fiber coupler to split the modulated signal into two parts, an optical circulator, a LCFBG with good linear behaviour of group delay spectrum as the sensor head, and two fast photo-detectors. The feasibility of the proposed sensor is demonstrated by numerical simulation, and the simulation result shows that the LCFBG can be used as a good temperature sensor.
Development of production by a smart compact laboratory : Application to parts of solar car (2003)

Our objective is to apply a new technology development method, called "a smart compact laboratory" to design chassis member of a proto typed solar car. The process of this development is existed five stages using digital data : 1) Initial Design using topological optical method, 2) Final Design to confirm a configuration taken by using Finite Element Method (FEM), 3) Production of proto type model using a rapid prototyping (laser lithography), 4) Making of actual production using Machining Center (MC), 5) Inspection of configuration of production by non contacted three dimensional measurement.
Quantitative aspect of corneocytes (1982)

A novel technique for harvesting corneocytes has been evaluated on forearms of 20 volunteers. This procedure removes horny cells with minimal frictional effect on the skin surface and is proposed to evaluate the ease of desquamation. Harvested corneocytes are stained and counted manually or automatically, in &quot;Nageotte &quot; cells. The automatic counting was carried out by an Image Analyser (Quantimet 720) and good correlation with the manual measurements (R&gt; 0.99) was obtained. In addition to rapid counting, the Quantimet allows for the evaluation of the surface area of cells and for estimation of the number of broken cells or aggregates. About 10,0OO corneocytes per cm 2 are removed using this procedure. Compared to other techniques, this number is higher than with the passive method but lower than with the scrub technique used by R. Marks et al (2).
Reaction of gaseous mercury with molecular iodine, atomic iodine, and iodine oxide radicals — Kinetics, product studies, and atmospheric implications (2008)

Mercury is present in the Earth’s atmosphere mainly in elemental form. The chemical transformation of mercury in the atmosphere may influence its bioaccumulation in the human food chain as well as its global cycling. We carried out the first kinetic and product studies of the reactions of gaseous mercury with molecular iodine, atomic iodine, and iodine oxide radicals at tropospheric pressure (~740 Torr) and 296 ± 2 K in air and in N 2 (1 Torr = 133.322 4 Pa; 0 °C = 273.15 K). Atomic iodine was formed using UV photolysis of CH 2 I 2 . IO radicals were formed by the UV photolysis of CH 2 I 2 in the presence of ozone The reaction kinetics were studied using absolute rate techniques with gas chromatographic and mass spectroscopic detection (GC–MS). The measured rate coefficient for the reaction of Hg 0 with I 2 was ≤ (1.27 ± 0.58) × 10 –19 cm 3 molecule –1 s –1 . The reaction products were analyzed in the gas phase from the suspended aerosols and from deposits on the walls of the reaction chambers using six complementary methods involving chemical ionization and electron impact mass spectrometry, GC–MS, a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer, a cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometer (CVAFS), and a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) coupled to an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The major reaction products identified were HgI 2 , HgO, and HgIO or HgOI. The implications of the results are discussed with regards to both the chemistry of atmospheric mercury and its potential implications in the biogeochemical cycling of mercury.Key words: mercury, molecular iodine, atomic iodine, iodine oxide radicals kinetics, product study, atmospheric chemistry.