gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OC-025 Alisporivir inhibition of cellular cyclophilins disrupts hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication and this effect is further enhanced in combination with direct antiviral targeting HBV-DNA polymerase in vitro (2012)

Introduction Cyclophilins are intracellular proteins with enzymatic activity—peptidyl-prolyl-isomerase that plays a major role in the life cycle of Hepatitis C virus. By targeting host cyclophilins Alisporivir (DEB025) exerts potent anti-HCV activity in vitro and in clinical studies. We have recently shown in vitro that cyclophilin inhibition with Alisporivir or NIM811 also interferes with HBV replication, with Alisporivir having a greater effect than NIM811. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, in the present study we compared in vitro the effects on HBV replication of Alisporivir alone, Alisporivir in combination with a potent antiviral targeting HBV-DNA polymerase, and in cells after selective knockdown of individual cyclophilins. Methods Stably (HepG2215) and transiently (HUH-7) transfected cells, producing full HBV virions and HBsAg particles, were treated with different Alisporivir concentrations (0.25/1.0/5.0/20 ug/ml) alone, Telbivudine alone, or combinations of Alisporivir and Telbivudine. To determine the involvement of individual cyclophilins, HepG2215 cells were transfected with siRNA-specific for cyclophilin (Cyp) A, C or D and additionally treated with Alisporivir. Cytoplasmic extracts and supernatants were harvested at baseline; 24, 48 and 72 h post-treatment. The kinetics of antiviral activity was assessed by quantitation of intracellular and secreted HBV-DNA (real-time qPCR) and HBsAg levels (ELISA). Results Alisporivir treatment resulted in dose-dependent reduction of intracellular and secreted HBV-DNA from HepG2215 and HUH-7 cells at all time points, by 70% (p=0.004) and 63% (p<0.001), respectively, compared with untreated controls. The combination of Alisporivir and Telbivudine had greater effects in reducing intracellular (p=0.001) and secreted (p=0.028) HBV-DNA, and >3-fold reduction of HBsAg vs either Alisporivir or Telbivudine alone. CypA, C or D expression was markedly reduced after transfection with corresponding siRNA, which was associated with significant decrease of HBV-DNA and HBsAg levels (p<0.001). Alisporivir treatment of cells silenced for CypA, C or D further reduced HBV-DNA and HBsAg levels, with greater antiviral effects in CypC or CypD silenced cells, compared with CypA silenced cells (p<0.001). Conclusion These results suggest that Alisporivir interferes with multiple sites of HBV replication and has synergistic antiviral activity with direct antiviral targeting viral DNA polymerase, such as Telbivudine. Competing interests None declared.
Meeting the Productivity Challenge through Microcomputer Applications (1985)

Productivity has become a focal concern of many U.S. organizations in an effort to streamline operations and effectively meet foreign competition. It is important not only for professional managers but for educators to study productivity measures, enhance quality, and strive for new methods which enrich our society. The ultimate challenge is to better use tools such as microcomputers to enhance productivity through improved decision making. The paper presents a microcomputer productivity model which addresses these needs while providing a useful educational application.
The Acoustics of Stringed Musical Instruments (1978)

Attempts to understand the action of musical instruments at a level having some impact on the problem of musicians and instrument maker must face formidable unsolved problems in psychoacoustics as well as in classical physics. This review outline what is known about the physical properties of stringed instruments, with emphasis on the violin family, and tries to identify basic outstanding problem where progress may be hoped for within the next decade. One such area is assessment of the widely used simplest idealization of violin behaviour in which the driving at the bridge is assumed to be transverse, and the body is modelled as a 'black box' with one input and one output. Other major problem include the physical nature and psychoacoustical relevance of complex fine detail in the behaviour of the bowed string.
Three‐dimensional BOLD fMRI with spin‐echo characteristics using <i>T</i><sub>2</sub> magnetization preparation and echo‐planar readouts (2003)

A new approach to mixed T(2)- and T(2) (*)-weighted BOLD fMRI is presented, which combines T(2) magnetization preparation (T2prep) with a series of EPI readouts. This technique allows full 3D, time-efficient imaging to be performed with low RF power deposition. Steady-state calculations are performed in order to study signal formation in 3D T2prep-EPI sequences. Results obtained under the hypothesis of ideal spoiling are compared to full Bloch equation solutions. The theoretical findings are validated by means of in vitro and in vivo signal measurements. Several variants of the 3D T2prep-EPI approach are shown to be usable for visual cortex fMRI and compared to conventional 3D coherent gradient-echo EPI. The relative sensitivity of these sequences is shown to be predictable by means of a simple DeltaT(2)/DeltaT(2) (*) model.
Structural and Dynamic Characterization of Soft Polymers by Solid State NMR and Field Gradient NMR (2007)

The sections in this article are 1 Introduction 2 Microscopic Structure and Dynamics of Polymer Gels
Design of a Channel-Aware OFDM Transceiver (2007)

The transmission performance of an OFDM system can significantly be improved by exploiting the channel characteristics. In this paper, we consider the design of a channel-aware OFDM transceiver whose parameters are adjusted in response to the change of channel condition. To this end, we first estimate the channel state information (CSI), such as the signal to interference power ratio, low order moments of Doppler spectrum and power-delay profile of the channel. The proposed CSI estimator can estimate these CSI parameters altogether in a unique manner by exploiting the autocorrelation properties of the channel impulse response (CIR). Then, we design a CIR estimator and adaptive OFDM modulator that adjust their parameters according to the estimated CSI. Finally, we verify the performance of the proposed OFDM transceiver by computer simulation
PVF2 velocity hydrophones (1985)

In underwater acoustical low-frequency applications a hydrophone with intrinsic directivity is often needed. Poled polyvinylidene fluoride (PVF2) bimorphs are suitable for design of velocity hydrophones. Because of its softness and mechanical flexibility, a PVF2 bimorph associated with an inertial structure follows water particle movement, and so the output current from the hydrophone is proportional to the particle velocity of the incident wave. Moreover, the PVF2 bimorphs manufactured in our laboratories (whose thickness may be greater than 1 mm), make possible a compromise between the opposite requirements that a high sensitivity demands a thick polymer and for a high mechanical flexibility of the membrane (to obtain the lowest possible resonance frequency) a thin bimorph is needed. The study of a low-frequency particle velocity calibration system made possible the achievement of small lightweight PVF2 velocity hydrophones showing an intrinsic directivity below 100 Hz. The same hydrophone can be connected so as to be also pressure sensitive: Intensity measurements might become possible with only one sensor.
An integrated RF transceiver for DECT application (2002)

An integrated circuit (IC) is presented which implements the complete RF front-end solution for a digital enhanced cordless communications (DECT) cordless phone provided that a single-transistor LNA and a power amplifier are included on the application board. Focus has been put in the paper on the image rejection mixer which achieves image rejection mean values of 43 dB and on the fully integrated voltage-controlled oscillators which guarantees -134 dBc phase noise at 6.5-MHz offset over temperature and process variation. The circuit was fabricated in a high-performance low-cost 20-GHz silicon bipolar technology and assembled on a TQFP64 package. It was tested on the complete application board including the LNA and the power amplifier, and it fully complies with the ETSI TBR06 standard requirements. The internal power supply is 2.8 V.
Impact of oxidative stress on lung diseases (2008)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are products of normal cellular metabolism and are known to act as second messengers. Under physiological conditions, ROS participate in maintenance of cellular 'redox homeostasis' in order to protect cells against oxidative stress through various redox-regulatory mechanisms. Overproduction of ROS, most frequently due to excessive stimulation of either reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate by cytokines or the mitochondrial electron transport chain and xanthine oxidase, results in oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is a deleterious process that leads to lung damage and consequently to various disease states. Knowledge of the mechanisms of ROS regulation could lead to the pharmacological manipulation of antioxidants in lung inflammation and injury.
Porous Iron oxide nanorods and their photothermal applications (2016)

Iron oxide is a unique semiconductor material, either as a single nanoparticle, or as a component of multifunctional nanoparticles. Its desirable properties, abundance, non-toxicity, and excellent magnetic properties make it a valuable for many applications. Porous iron oxide nanorods are able to transduce light into heat through the photothermal effect. Photothermal heating arises from the energy dissipated during light absorption leading to rapid temperature rise in close proximity to the surface of the nanoparticle. The heating effect can be efficiently harnessed to drive/promote different physical phenomena. In this report, we describe the synthesis and properties of porous Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> for photothermal applications. We then demonstrate their use as photothermally enhanced and recyclable materials for environmental remediation through sorption processes.
Survival for clinical stage I lung cancer not surgically treated. Comparison between screen-detected and symptom-detected cases (1992)

To assess the extent of overdiagnosis bias in lung cancer screening, clinical Stage I lung cancer cases detected by chest radiograph examination, with histologic or cytologic evidence of malignancy and not treated by surgical operation, were followed up for more than 10 years. Of 1297 screen-detected and 1297 symptom-detected cases collected from 20 institutions, 42 screen-detected and 27 symptom-detected cases satisfied the study criteria. In about half of the cases, the patients had no contraindication for surgical treatment, but they refused surgical procedure. All such patients from the screen-detected and symptom-detected groups died within 122 and 67 months, respectively, of diagnosis. Among the screen-detected and symptom-detected cases, 80% and 81%, respectively, of the patients died of lung cancer. The median survival time was 25 and 13 months for those in the screen-detected and symptom-detected groups, respectively. The difference in survival was statistically significant between the two groups, which indicated the effect of lead time and length-biased sampling. Analysis of the causes of death other than lung cancer showed that there was no difference in the observed cumulative rates of deaths of other causes between the two groups, and these figures were almost the same as those expected from the general population. This indicates that overdiagnosis bias would be minimal in screen-detected lung cancer cases detected by chest radiograph examination.
Highly Sensitive Bacteria-Responsive Membranes Consisting of Core–Shell Polyurethane Polyvinylpyrrolidone Electrospun Nanofibers for In Situ Detection of Bacterial Infections (2020)

Bacteria responsive color-changing wound dressings offer a valuable platform for continuous monitoring of the wound bed facilitating early detection of bacterial infections. In this study, we present a highly sensitive electrospun nanofibrous polyurethane wound dressing incorporating a hemicyanine-based chromogenic probe with a labile ester linkage that can be enzymatically cleaved by bacterial lipase released from clinically relevant strains, such as <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA). A rapid chromogenic response was achieved by localizing the dye at the surface of core-shell fibers, resulting in a 5x faster response relative to conventional nanofibers. By incorporating polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) dopant in the shell, the sensitivity was boosted to enable detection of bacteria at clinically relevant concentrations after 2 h exposure: 2.5 × 10<sup>5</sup> CFU/cm<sup>2</sup> <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and 1.0 × 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/cm<sup>2</sup> MRSA. Introduction of PVP in the shell also boosted the degree of hydrolysis of the chromogenic probe by a factor of 1.2× after a 3 h exposure to a low concentration of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> (10<sup>5</sup> CFU/cm<sup>2</sup>). PVP was also found to improve the discernibility of the color change at high bacterial concentrations. The co-operativity between the chromogenic probe, fiber structure, and polymer composition is well-suited for timely in situ detection of wound infection.
Steganography in SMS by Sudoku puzzle (2008)

Sudoku puzzle is a logical game which has recently got very popular. Every day various mass media print these puzzles. As a result these puzzles are a suitable alternative for hidden data transfer. SMS (short message service) is one of the popular mobile-phone services. In this service people can write short messages and send it to each other through mobile phones. In this paper a method has been presented for steganography (hiding data) in Sudoku puzzles and through SMS. In this method after hiding data in a Sudoku puzzle, the puzzle is sent in a way that it does not attract any attention. Steganography algorithm is based on order of place of numbers 1 through 9 in one of the specified row or column of the puzzle. In this algorithm after solving the Sudoku puzzle, one extracts hidden data in accordance with order of numbers 1 through 9 in one of the certain row or column which is equivalent with hidden data.
High-frequency noise measurements on FET's with small dimensions (1986)

A low-noise high-frequency transresistance amplifier has been used to accurately measure broad-band noise in MOSFET's with small widths and submicrometer channel lengths. The technique allows noise characterization up to frequencies of 100 MHz of the small devices available as process test arrays from different fabrication lines. The noise in the different portions of the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I-V</tex> characteristics of submicrometer MOSFET's has been characterized and shown to be greater by factors of 2 to 4 than the noise expected from long-channel noise theory.
Performance of CVT Transmissions (1986)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Continuously Variable Transmissions (CVT's) have become a part of many discussions in Automotive circles today while on the horizon there appears to be units that are approaching production status. An analytical method has been used to determine Fuel Economy - Performance trade-offs on drivetrain component features including, ratio range, number of ratio steps, clutched torque converters, and Continuously Variable Transmissions. Indications from both the analytical approach as well as vehicle tests are that todays conventional transmission concepts will still be competitive with Continuously Variable Units.</div>
GABA<sub>A</sub>-receptor Subtypes: Clinical Efficacy and Selectivity of Benzodiazepine Site Ligands (1997)

The main inhibitory neurotransmitter receptor of the brain, the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABA[A]), mediates the actions of several classes of clinically important drugs, such as benzodiazepines, barbiturates and general anaesthetics. This review summarizes the current knowledge on how classical benzodiazepines and novel nonbenzodiazepine compounds act on the benzodiazepine site of GABA(A) receptors and on their clinical pharmacology related to anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic and cognitive effects or side-effects. Partial agonism, receptor subtype selectivity and novel binding sites are discussed as possible strategies to develop new drugs with fewer adverse effects than are seen in the clinical use of benzodiazepines.
A Phase I Clinical Trial of Darinaparsin in Patients with Refractory Solid Tumors (2009)

The recommended dose for phase II trials is 300 mg/m(2) i.v. given daily for 5 days every 4 weeks.
Amyloid-Beta Peptides Trigger Aggregation of Alpha-Synuclein In Vitro (2020)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), including dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), account for the majority of dementia cases worldwide. Interestingly, a significant number of patients have clinical and neuropathological features of both AD and PD, i.e., the presence of amyloid deposits and Lewy bodies in the neocortex. The identification of α-synuclein peptides in amyloid plaques in DLB brain led to the hypothesis that both peptides mutually interact with each other to facilitate neurodegeneration. In this article, we report the influence of Aβ(1-42) and pGlu-Aβ(3-42) on the aggregation of α-synuclein in vitro. The aggregation of human recombinant α-synuclein was investigated using thioflavin-T fluorescence assay. Fibrils were investigated by means of antibody conjugated immunogold followed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Our data demonstrate a significantly increased aggregation propensity of α-synuclein in the presence of minor concentrations of Aβ(1-42) and pGlu-Aβ(3-42) for the first time, but without effect on toxicity on mouse primary neurons. The analysis of the composition of the fibrils by TEM combined with immunogold labeling of the peptides revealed an interaction of α-synuclein and Aβ in vitro, leading to an accelerated fibril formation. The analysis of kinetic data suggests that significantly enhanced nucleus formation accounts for this effect. Additionally, co-occurrence of α-synuclein and Aβ and pGlu-Aβ, respectively, under pathological conditions was confirmed in vivo by double immunofluorescent labelings in brains of aged transgenic mice with amyloid pathology. These observations imply a cross-talk of the amyloid peptides α-synuclein and Aβ species in neurodegeneration. Such effects might be responsible for the co-occurrence of Lewy bodies and plaques in many dementia cases.
Spatio-temporally focused femtosecond laser pulses for nonreciprocal writing in optically transparent materials (2010)

Simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing (SSTF) provides precise control of the pulse front tilt (PFT) necessary to achieve nonreciprocal writing in glass wherein the material modification depends on the sample scanning direction with respect to the PFT. The PFT may be adjusted over several orders of magnitude. Using SSTF nonreciprocal writing is observed for a large range of axial focal positions within the sample, and nonreciprocal ablation patterns on the surface of the sample are revealed. Further, the lower numerical aperture (0.03 NA) utilized with SSTF increases the rate of writing.
Time-of-flight effects in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization fourier transform mass spectrometry (1999)

The time-of-flight effect in Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS) with an external ion source was quantified. The time-of-flight profiles of ions of different masses were measured by stepping the time interval between the ionization pulse and the gating of the trapping voltage (Tgate). The optimal gate times for trapping ions of different masses were found to correlate with the mass-to-charge ratios of the ions using a typical time-of-flight equation (i.e. t ∝ √(m/z)). The time-of-flight effect narrowed the effective mass range of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-FTMS hence limiting the applicability of the technique for mixture analysis. To overcome this time separation effect, Tgate was incremented while summing individual MALDI-FT mass spectra. Early attempts at using this ‘scanning’ FTMS method experienced substantial signal cancellation during spectral summation. This signal cancellation was subsequently attributed to the Tgate-dependent alternation of the phase angle of the MALDI-FTMS signals. By incorporating suitable compensation delays in the pulse program, we succeeded in preserving the phase coherency of the FTMS signals at different values of Tgate, and managed to obtain a MALDI mass spectrum of a mixture of 3-aminoquinoline (3-AQ), luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) and gramicidin-D (m/z range from ∼150 to 2000). Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of a ''Coanda'' type flow. (1968)

The steady, two-dimensional, incompressible laminar flow of a jet sheet over the surface of a circular cylinder is investigated analytically. A similarity analysis is applied to obtain a solution that approximates this flow. Closed-form expressions for the stream function and its derivatives, and for the similarity variable are obtained in terms of a single parameter. Expressions for mass entrainment, thrust, and jet-sheet thickness are obtained as functions of turning angle. It is shown that no thrust augmentation is created for the flow considered.
Optical amplification of the cutoff mode in planar asymmetric polymer waveguides (2003)

Modes with low threshold for optical gain were observed at wavelengths close to the cutoff in experiments probing the amplified spontaneous emission of light-emitting polymer thin films. The polymer was the semiconductor layer in a multilayer semiconductor–insulator–metal structure that simulates the one-dimensional waveguide characteristics in the channel of a field-effect transistor. The “cutoff” mode propagates at the polymer/gate-insulator interface, has an optical gain threshold of approximately 10 kW/cm2, and is not influenced by absorption of the gate electrode. The wavelength of the amplified emission tracks the cutoff wavelength of the asymmetric double-waveguide structure and the cutoff mode is, therefore, tunable in wavelength. Our results suggest that the light-emitting field-effect transistor architecture is a promising route for the construction of an injection laser.
Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes Formed by DNA and Astramol Poly(propylene imine) Dendrimers (2000)

Investigations have been carried out to clarify the binding interactions between two kinds of native DNA: one from salmon sperm (300−500 bp) and another from bacteriophage T4dC (166 kbp) and amine-terminated, diaminobutane core, poly(propylene imine) dendrimers (Astramol) of five generations (G1, G2, G3, G4, and G5). All dendrimers interacting with DNA at an equal concentration of amine and phosphate groups form electroneutral water-insoluble interpolyelectrolyte complexes (IPECs). However, G4 and G5 added to DNA solution in excess form positively charged water-soluble IPECs representing perfect objects to investigate the state of DNA molecules incorporated into IPEC. Using UV spectroscopy and CD spectroscopy combined with ultracentrifugation, it is shown that complexed DNA compacts, revealing a wound double-helical structure. Using fluorescence microscopy, we observed compaction of individual ultrahigh molecular mass DNA interacting with excess of G4 to form water-soluble positively charged IPECs “unimers”.