gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supporting Tungsten Oxide on Zirconia by Hydrothermal and Impregnation Methods and Its Use as a Catalyst To Reduce the Viscosity of Heavy Crude Oil (2012)

Tungsten oxide was supported on zirconia via hydrothermal and conventional impregnation methods and used as a catalyst to reduce the viscosity of heavy crude oil without the addition of water. Their properties and viscosity reduction activity were compared. X-ray diffraction and the Rietveld method were used to characterize the crystal structure and determine the phase composition. The properties of catalysts were also measured by N2 adsorption–desorption, differential scanning calorimetry, a Hammett indicator, and ammonia temperature-programmed desorption. Compared with the impregnation method, the hydrothermal method facilitates the formation of strong tungsten–zirconia interaction and promotes the diffusion of tungstate on zirconia, hence leading to better-dispersed tungsten oxide, as well as more tetragonal zirconia and acid sites. Under the reaction conditions of 220 °C, 6 h, and 2 MPa, the catalysts prepared via the hydrothermal method exhibit higher viscosity reduction activity than those prepared by impregnation. It is found the catalytic activity mainly depends on the acidity of the catalyst. The catalyst containing 20 wt % tungsten prepared by the hydrothermal method can attain a viscosity reduction ratio of 82.2% and reduce the viscosity of oil from 5.74 Pa s (50 °C) to 1.02 Pa s. Different from the widely used aquathermolysis technique, the presence of water is not required and the viscosity of the treated oil will not regress, even over long periods of time.
Fabrication of metal/high-temperature superconductor composites by shock compression (1988)

By combining techniques of explosive welding and cladding and shock wave compaction and consolidation of powders, a fabrication technology has been developed for consolidating, bonding, and encapsulating reactive and temperamental copper oxide-based high-Tc superconducting powders in a supporting metal matrix. These ceramic superconductor/metal matrix composites have unique features as precursors to a range of superconductor devices and applications. The fabrication strategy utilizes a concept of prototype manufacturing where processed superconductors are characterized and tested to optimize the process variables and reliable behavior. This strategy, may lead to early commercialization and applications for the new high-Tc oxide superconductors.
A novel lung health programme addressing awareness and behaviour-change aiming to prevent chronic lung diseases in rural Uganda (2019)

Chronic lung disease is a huge, growing, but under-reported problem in Africa. Following a survey in rural Uganda, which found 16% of the adult population had COPD, we developed a lung health programme aiming to raise awareness in the community of the risk factors for developing chronic lung disease and how to reduce the risks. A two-year train-the-trainer programme was conducted by healthcare workers (HCWs) in Masindi District, Uganda. Strategy and preliminary education materials were co-developed in a series of meetings with stakeholders including clinicians and community members. An initial group of HCWs were trained and further refined the education programme; they then taught other HCWs. Educational materials covered: "What is lung health?", "How lungs get damaged", "Smoking cessation" and "Preventing harm by reducing exposure to biomass smoke". These materials were approved by the Ministry of Health. Local radio messages were designed and broadcasted. We administered knowledge questionnaires before and after training for both HCWs and the community health workers (CHWs). We trained 12 HCWs who then trained 47 other HCWs, and over 100 community health workers (CHWs). After the programme, knowledge questionnaire scores improved: for HCWs, the percentage of correct answers were 74% before and 89% after training, and for CHWs from 74% to 91%. Over 15,000 people have beeneducated directly and thousands more through mass media messages. Knowledge questionnaires administered to 1261 people in the community confirmed awareness of lung health. This novel lung health programme illustrates how communities may be empowered to reduce their risks of developing chronic lung disease and is a model for addressing the rising tide of non-communicable diseases.
Effect of ractopamine and sex on growth, carcass characteristics, processing yield, and meat quality characteristics of crossbred swine1 (1993)

One hundred twenty-eight 64-kg crossbred barrows and gilts were administered either 0 or 20 ppm of Ractopamine (RAC) in a pelleted corn-soybean meal diet that contained either 17.5 or 19.6% CP. Carcass quality was evaluated after slaughter at 100 kg. Dietary protein levels produced few significant effects; therefore, data were pooled for analysis. Pigs fed RAC exhibited improvement in feed efficiency (P < .01), ADG (P < .01), and number of days to slaughter (P < .01). Pigs fed RAC had 1.8 mm less fat (P < .05) and 3.4 mm more lean (P < .01) at the grading probe site. Gilts had 4.9 mm less fat than barrows at the probe site (P < .01) and also yielded an estimated 4.1% more lean (P < .01). Trimmed loins and bellies of animals fed 20 ppm of RAC were 230 g heavier (P < .05) than those of animals fed the control diet. Trimmed loins from gilts were 260 g heavier (P < .05), whereas barrows produced bellies that were 490 g heavier (P < .05) than those of gilts. The yield of processed ham was greater from both pigs fed RAC (P < .01) and barrows (P < .05). Loins of pigs fed RAC had lower cooking loss (P < .05), greater Warner-Bratzler shear value (P < .05), and higher fragmentation index value (P < .01). Although effects of sex were similar to or greater than the effects of 20 ppm of RAC, these effects were additive.
Le rationalisme n'est pas neutre (1967)

Leduc Victor. Le rationalisme n'est pas neutre. In: Raison présente, n°3, Mai – Juin - Juillet 1967. L'aliénation, mythe ou réalité. pp. 3-4.
Mutational analysis of the redox-sensitive transcriptional regulator OxyR: regions important for DNA binding and multimerization (1995)

OxyR is a LysR-type transcriptional regulator which negatively regulates its own expression and positively regulates the expression of proteins important for the defense against hydrogen peroxide in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Using random mutagenesis, we isolated six nonrepressing OxyR mutants that were impaired in DNA binding. Five of the mutations causing the DNA binding defect mapped near the N-terminal helix-turn-helix motif conserved among the LysR family members, confirming that this region is a DNA binding domain in OxyR. The sixth nonrepressing mutant (with E-225 changed to K [E225K]) was found to be predominantly dimeric, in contrast to the tetrameric wild-type protein, suggesting that a C-terminal region defined by the E225K mutation is involved in multimerization.
High frequency, low cost, power packaging using thin film power overlay technology (1995)

The improved performance of high power circuits are achieved using an innovative embedded chip MCM technology for power applications. This power package development is based upon an extension of a thin film MCM process which replaces the parasitic limiting wirebonds of hybrid power circuits and the package limiting SMT power circuits with low impedance, multilayer metal interconnects. This paper describes the thin film power overlay technology and how this package structure improves electrical, thermal, and reliability performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Expression of human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in mouse lungs using a recombinant adenovirus: effects on vector-induced inflammation. (1995)

Pulmonary inflammation is a major obstacle to using adenovirus-based vectors for gene transfer to the lung. Since the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1 (IL-1), is expressed early following adenovirus infection, we hypothesized that inhibition of IL-1 might block the inflammation caused by adenoviral vectors. To inhibit IL-1 activity at the site of infection continuously, we employed a recombinant adenovirus that contained the cDNA for human IL-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL-1ra) designated as Ad.RSVIL-1ra. When Ad.RSVIL-1ra was instilled intratracheally into CBA/J mice, human IL-1ra was recovered in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for up to 30 days. Human IL-1ra is known to bind to murine IL-1 receptors and inhibit IL-1-mediated responses. To measure pulmonary inflammation, the number of inflammatory cells contained within suspensions of protease-digested lung tissue were counted 6 days after virus administration. Ad.RSVIL-1ra failed to reduce the number of inflammatory cells below that induced by a control vector that lacked an expression cassette (Ad.BgIII). Light microscopy showed that the lung tissue from Ad.RSVIL-1ra and Ad.BgIII-treated mice contained qualitatively similar amounts of inflammatory infiltrate. We conclude that adenovirus-based vectors can be used to induce high levels of IL-1ra expression within the lung, but such expression was unable to prevent adenoviral vector-induced inflammation.
Clusters of Amphiphilic Colloidal Spheres (2008)

Orientation-dependent interactions can drive unusual self-assembly of colloidal particles. This study, based on combined epifluorescence microscopy and Monte Carlo simulations, shows that amphiphilic colloidal spheres, hydrophobic on one hemisphere and charged on the other, assemble in water into extended structures not formed by spheres of uniform surface chemical makeup. Small, compact clusters each comprised of less than 10 of these Janus spheres link up, as increasing salt concentration enhances electrostatic screening, into wormlike strings.
The Human Host Defense Peptide LL-37 Induces Apoptosis in a Calpain- and Apoptosis-Inducing Factor–Dependent Manner Involving Bax Activity (2009)

LL-37 is a human cationic host defense peptide (antimicrobial peptide) belonging to the cathelicidin family of peptides. In this study, LL-37 was shown to kill Jurkat T leukemia cells via apoptosis. A loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA fragmentation, and phosphatidylserine externalization were detected following LL-37 exposure, whereas apoptosis was independent of caspase family members. The specific apoptotic pathway induced by LL-37 was defined through the utilization of Jurkat cells modified to express antiapoptotic proteins, as well as cells deficient in various proteins associated with apoptosis. Of interest, both Bcl-2-overexpressing cells and cells deficient in Bax and Bak proteins displayed a significant reduction in LL-37-induced apoptosis. In addition, Jurkat cells modified in the Fas receptor-associated pathway showed no reduction in apoptosis when exposed to LL-37. Analysis of the involvement of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) in LL-37-mediated apoptosis revealed that AIF transferred from the mitochondria to the nucleus of cells exposed to LL-37, where it may lead to large-scale DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation. AIF knockdown analysis resulted in LL-37-resistant cells. This suggests that AIF is mandatory in LL-37-mediated killing. Lastly, chelation or inhibition of Ca(2+) or calpains inhibited LL-37-mediated killing. Further analysis revealed that calpains were required for LL-37-mediated Bax translocation to mitochondria. Together, these data show that LL-37-induced apoptosis is mediated via the mitochondria-associated pathway in a caspase-independent and calpain- and AIF-dependent manner that involves Bax activation and translocation to mitochondria.
Atherogenic Lipoproteins Support Assembly of the Prothrombinase Complex and Thrombin Generation: Modulation by Oxidation and Vitamin E (1998)

The importance of lipoproteins in the etiology of atherosclerosis is well established. Evidence is now accumulating to implicate thrombin in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We have investigated whether atherogenic lipoproteins can support thrombin generation. In the absence of platelets or endothelial cells, both very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) support assembly of the prothrombinase complex and generation of thrombin. Thrombin generation (per microgram of apolipoprotein) supported by VLDL was 19.4-fold greater than that supported by high-density lipoprotein (HDL), P < .00001, and 11.7-fold greater than that supported by LDL, P < .00001. Oxidation of LDL increased lipoprotein-supported thrombin generation 12-fold compared to unmodified LDL, P < .0001. We have shown that the phenomenon of lipoprotein-supported thrombin generation is mediated predominantly by specific phospholipids and is enhanced by oxidation of these phospholipids. The addition of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) markedly reduced the increase in thrombin generation observed after oxidation of LDL (822 +/- 57 v 138 +/- 47 nmol/L; P < .0001). These effects suggest that lipoproteins are important in the production of thrombin and that vitamin E may confer protection from the detrimental effects of lipoprotein oxidation by limiting thrombin formation. These results suggest that atherogenic lipoproteins are linked to the development of atherosclerosis in part by their capacity to support thrombin generation.
Protein Concentrate Production from Thin Stillage (2016)

Two-stage fermentation (TSF) of saccharified wheat with a consortium of endemic lactobacilli produced CO<sub>2</sub> and induced colloid separation of fermented solution to produce a protein concentrate (PC). Protein-rich slurry (50%, db) was obtained by decanting solution or skimming floating material during or after TSF. Washing and drying processes were explored to improve protein content, extend storage life of slurry, and yield converted stillage for compound recovery. Centrifuging and washing slurry afforded a PC and clarified solution. PC protein content increased to 60% (w/w, db). The PC was dried in a spray dryer or drum dryer or tray dryer. Dried PC water activity ranged 0.23-0.30. The dried PC lysine content was low, but lysine availability (95%) was excellent. Liquid from TSF and washing was readily microfiltered. Mass recovery of protein, glycerol, 1,3-propanediol, lactic acid, acetic acid, and glycerylphosphorylcholine from combined TSF, washing, and filtration were 66, 76, 72, 77, 74, and 84%, respectively.
End-Pumped Stimulated Emission from a Thiacarbocyanine Dye (1966)

Using the same technique employed <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> in obtaining stimulated emission from chloro-aluminum phthalocyanine (CAP) solutions (where the beam from a giant-pulse ruby laser was caused to impinge transversely upon a cell filled with a dye solution and located within a secondary resonating cavity), we recently observed intense stimulated emission from a commercially available photosensitizing dye, 3, 3′-diethylthiatricarbocyanine iodide (hereafter, “DTTC”). Both methyl and ethyl alcohol were successfully used as solvents. This result and that of Ref. 1 combine to suggest that many other known photosensitizing dyes can be made to emit coherent beams of light similarly.
Low latency and cheat-proof event ordering for peer-to-peer games (2004)

We are developing a distributed architecture for massively-multiplayer games. In this paper, we focus on designing a low-latency event ordering protocol, called NEO, for this architecture. Previous event ordering protocols prevent several types of cheats at the expense of operating at the latency of the slowest player. We broaden the definition of cheating to include four common protocol level cheats and demonstrate how NEO prevents these cheats. At the same time, NEO has a playout latency independent of network conditions and adapts to network congestion to optimize performance.
Implicit and incremental computation of primes and essential primes of Boolean functions (2003)

Recently introduced implicit set manipulation techniques have made it possible to formally verify finite state machines with state graphs too large to be built. The authors show that these techniques can also be used with success to compute and manipulate implicitly large sets of prime and of essential prime implicants of incompletely specified Boolean functions. These sets are denoted by meta-products that are represented with binary decision diagrams (BDDs). Two procedures are described. The first is based on the standard BDD operators, and the second, more efficient, takes advantage of the structural properties of BDDs and of meta-products to handle a larger class of functions than the first procedure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Plaque Inhibition by Sustained Release of Chlorhexidine from Removable Appliances (1985)

We studied the effectiveness of a sustained-release delivery system for chlorhexidine in plaque prevention. A clinical trial in a group of eight students wearing orthodontic appliances coated by ethyl cellulose polymer containing the drug demonstrated that plaque accumulation was decreased for a period of four days. All oral procedures had been withdrawn during the clinical study. No side-effects of chlorhexidine, such as tooth staining and unpleasant taste, were observed.
A Method of Measuring the Heat Resistivity of Rock Wool, and Trials for Producing the Variety Having Higher Resistivity (1959)

As a tentative method of comparing the soundness of rock wool at elevated temperatures the sample was packed in a cylindrical vessel and heated gradually in an electric furnace (Fig. 1) to meaurse the temperature from which a sharp shrinkage begins to occur with or without compressive load (Figs. 2-6).Heat resistivity is a property of qualitative nature being not able to be expressed by a numerical value, the authors, however, proposed to define it by the temperature at which the rate of shrinkage expressed by per cent per degree reaches to 0.1.The temperature defined as above varies with the load applied during the measurement, with fiber diameter as well as with the bulk density of wool. But the change at this temperature agrees fairly well with the results of other observations such as the microscopic examination, and moreover, the total shrinkage up to this temperature is nearly the same regardless of the samples (Table 2).Various kinds of rock wool were produced from the mixture. of oxides by melting the batch in an electric furnace, and attenuating the molten stream by jet.In the system TiO2-SiO2-CaO there is a domain (hatched area in Fig. 13) in which good fiber is obtainable with a large yield. The heat resistivities of the fibers, however, are not excellent as shown in Fig. 7.In the system Al2O3-SiO2-CaO highly heat resistant wool may be obtained as shown in Fig. 8 and 9, when the CaO content is less than 10%, and the ratio by weight of Al2O3 and SiO2 remains nearly 1 (Table 1).
Biological Nitrogen Removal under Low Temperature in a Membrane Separation Bioreactor (1993)

Biological nitrogen removal under low temperature in a membrane separation bioreactor for on-site domestic wastewater treatment was studied. The bioreactor was operated under intermittent aeration of a 180-minute operational cycle to achieve simultaneous nitrification and denitrification for nitrogen removal. During stepwise temperature decrease from 25°C to 5°C at every two weeks duration, nitrogen removal started to deteriorate as temperature dropped to 10°C. It decreased from more than 90% at 25°C to 20% at 5°C as a result of inhibition of nitrification at low temperature. However, increasing oxygen supply, i.e. increasing aeration time in operational cycle, could completely recover nitrification at 10°C. Nitrogen removal could be achieved by introducing non-aeration period after complete nitrification was obtained. Average nitrogen removal was 90 and 85% under 10 and 5°C respectively. The results indicated that sufficient oxygen transfer could be maintained in the membrane separation bioreactor even if the temperature was as low as 5°C. Analysis of respiratory quinone component of sludge suggested the decrease of strict aerobic bacteria percentage in mixed liquor during temperature decrease and increase of their percentage during the recovery of nitrification at 10°C. These changes could be related to the nitrification through the changes of oxygen transfer condition in the system. Insignificant difference of maximum volumetric nitrification rate obtained at 25 and 5°C probably suggests that there was not much difference in oxygen availability for nitrifying bacteria between both the temperatures once high and stable nitrogen removal was achieved.
Slow intrinsic rhythm in the koniocellular visual pathway (2011)

Slow rhythmic changes in nerve-cell activity are characteristic of unconscious brain states and also may contribute to waking brain function by coordinating activity between cortical and subcortical structures. Here we show that slow rhythms are exhibited by the koniocellular (K) pathway, one of three visual pathways beginning in the eye and projecting through the lateral geniculate visual relay nucleus to the cerebral cortex. We recorded activity in pairs and ensembles of neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus of anesthetized marmoset monkeys. We found slow rhythms are common in K cells but are rare in parvocellular and magnocellular cell pairs. The time course of slow K rhythms corresponds to subbeta (<10 Hz) EEG frequencies, and high spike rates in K cells are associated with low power in the theta and delta EEG bands. By contrast, spontaneous activity in the parvocellular and magnocellular pathways is neither synchronized nor strongly linked to EEG state. These observations suggest that parallel visual pathways not only carry different kinds of visual signals but also contribute differentially to brain circuits at the first synapse in the thalamus. Differential contribution of sensory streams to rhythmic brain circuits also raises the possibility that sensory stimuli can be tailored to modify brain rhythms.
A Simple and Efficient Method for the Preparation of Pyridine <i>N</i>-Oxides (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTA Simple and Efficient Method for the Preparation of Pyridine N-OxidesChristophe Copéret, Hans Adolfsson, Tinh-Alfredo V. Khuong, Andrei K. Yudin, and K. Barry SharplessView Author Information Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 5, 1740–1741Publication Date (Web):February 18, 1998Publication History Received31 December 1997Published online18 February 1998Published inissue 1 March 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9723467https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9723467brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views8524Altmetric-Citations140LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Hydrocarbons,Organic reactions,Oxidation,Pyridines Get e-Alerts