gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three Cavity Tunable MEMS Fabry Perot Interferometer (2007)

In this paper a four-mirror tunable micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS)Fabry Perot Interferometer (FPI) concept is proposed with the mathematical model. Thespectral range of the proposed FPI lies in the infrared spectrum ranging from 2400 to 4018(nm). FPI can be finely tuned by deflecting the two middle mirrors (or by changing the threecavity lengths). Two different cases were separately considered for the tuning. In case one,tuning was achieved by deflecting mirror 2 only and in case two, both mirrors 2 and 3 weredeflected for the tuning of the FPI.
Effects of Liquid Electrolytes on the Charge–Discharge Performance of Rechargeable Lithium/Sulfur Batteries: Electrochemical and in-Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopic Studies (2011)

A sulfur/carbon composite has been prepared to serve as a cathode for lithium/sulfur batteries. The effects of seven different liquid electrolytes on the electrochemical performance were investigated using galvanostatic discharge–charge tests on coin cells. The electrolytes included ether, sulfone, and carbonate solvents with common lithium salts. It was found that the solvent plays a key role on the electrochemical performance of the lithium/sulfur battery cathode while the lithium salt has no significant effects. Additional characterization, using in situ sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), provided insights into the soluble sulfur species in the discharged and charged batteries. We find that the use of low-viscosity ethereal solvents results in a more complete reduction of soluble polysulfides, while soluble polysulfides remained more oxidized in viscous ethereal solvents. Moreover, XAS revealed that reduced sulfur species chemically react with carbonate-based solvents, making this class of solvents inappropriate for elemental sulfur cathodes of lithium batteries.
UV Curable Powder Coating Systems: A Prornising Future (2014)

The market. The industrial wood market is dominated by solvent borne coatings. Environmental pressure is causing a gradual shift towards water borne and WEB curable coatings. Table I compares current industrial
Role of epithelial cell fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2α in prostate development, regeneration and tumorigenesis (2008)

The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) regulates a broad spectrum of biological activities by activation of transmembrane FGF receptor (FGFR) tyrosine kinases and their coupled intracellular signaling pathways. FGF receptor substrate 2alpha (FRS2alpha) is an FGFR interactive adaptor protein that links multiple signaling pathways to the activated FGFR kinase. We previously showed that FGFR2 in the prostate epithelium is important for branching morphogenesis and for the acquisition of the androgen responsiveness. Here we show in mice that FRS2alpha is uniformly expressed in the epithelial cells of developing prostates, whereas it is expressed only in basal cells of the mature prostate epithelium. However, expression of FRS2alpha was apparent in luminal epithelial cells of regenerating prostates and prostate tumors. To investigate FRS2alpha function in the prostate, the Frs2alpha alleles were ablated specifically in the prostatic epithelial precursor cells during prostate development. Similar to the ablation of Fgfr2, ablation of Frs2alpha disrupted MAP kinase activation, impaired prostatic ductal branching morphogenesis and compromised cell proliferation. Unlike the Fgfr2 ablation, disrupting Frs2alpha had no effect on the response of the prostate to androgens. More importantly, ablation of Frs2alpha inhibited prostatic tumorigenesis induced by oncogenic viral proteins. The results suggest that FRS2alpha-mediated signals in prostate epithelial cells promote branching morphogenesis and proliferation, and that aberrant activation of FRS2-linked pathways might promote tumorigenesis. Thus, the prostate-specific Frs2alpha(cn) mice provide a useful animal model for scrutinizing the molecular mechanisms underlying prostatic development and tumorigenesis.
Proactive displays & the experience UbiComp project (2002)

The proliferation of sensing and display technologies creates opportunities for proactive displays that can sense and respond appropriately to the people and activities taking place in their vicinity. A conference provides an ideal context in which to explore the use of proactive displays, as attendees come together for the purpose of mutual revelation, eager both to learn more about others and what others are doing and to tell others about themselves and what they are doing. We will deploy a suite of proactive display applications that can aid and abet this desire for mutual revelation in the context of a paper presentation session, a demonstration and poster session, and informal break areas at the conference.
DNA polymerase III of <i>Mycoplasma pulmonis:</i> isolation and characterization of the enzyme and its structural gene, <i>polC</i> (1994)

Mycoplasmas have originated from Gram-positive bacteria via rapid degenerative evolution. The results of previous investigations of mycoplasmal DNA polymerases suggest that the process of evolution has wrought a major simplification of the typical Gram-positive bacterial DNA polymerase profile, reducing it from three exonuclease (exo)-positive enzymes to a single exo-negative species. The objective of this work was to rigorously investigate this suggestion, focusing on the evolutionary fate of DNA polymerase III (Pol III), the enzyme which Gram-positive bacteria specifically require for replicative DNA synthesis. The approach used Mycoplasma pulmonis as the model organism and exploited structural gene cloning, enzymology, and Pol III-specific inhibitors of the HPUra class as investigative tools. Our results indicate that M. pulmonis has strongly conserved a single copy of a structural gene homologous to polC, the Gram-positive bacterial gene encoding Pol III. M. pulmonis was found to possess a DNA polymerase that displays the size, primary structure, exonuclease activity, and level of HPUra sensitivity expected of a prototypical Gram-positive Pol III. The high level of sensitivity of M. pulmonis growth to Gram-positive Pol III-selective inhibitors of the HPUra type strongly suggests that Mycoplasma has conserved not only the basic structure of Pol III, but also its essential replicative function. Evidence for a second, HPUra-resistant polymerase activity in M. pulmonis is also described, indicating that the DNA polymerase composition of Mycoplasma is complex and closer to that of Gram-positive bacteria than previously thought.
Micro-optic laser beam scanner (1993)

Laser beam scanners are used to modulate the direction of laser light, and are critical components of airborne and space-based LIDAR and optical communications systems. We report here a laser beam steering device design based on dithering two complementary (positive and negative) binary optic microlens arrays. When the two microlenses are translated relative to one another in the plane parallel to their surfaces, a light beam can be scanned and controlled in two directions. The first demonstration of this device concept was reported by Lincoln Laboratory. We have demonstrated a miniaturized version of this concept consisting of a pair of 6-mm-aperture binary optic microlens arrays designed for HeNe laser wavelength.
Fast computation of a contrast-invariant image representation (2000)

This paper sets out a new representation of an image which is contrast independent. The image is decomposed into a tree of "shapes" based on connected components of level sets, which provides a full and nonredundant representation of the image. A fast algorithm to compute the tree, the fast level lines transform (FLLT), is explained in detail. Some simple and direct applications of this representation are shown.
NG2 Proteoglycan Promotes Endothelial Cell Motility and Angiogenesis via Engagement of Galectin-3 and α3β1 Integrin (2004)

The NG2 proteoglycan is expressed by microvascular pericytes in newly formed blood vessels. We have used in vitro and in vivo models to investigate the role of NG2 in cross-talk between pericytes and endothelial cells (EC). Binding of soluble NG2 to the EC surface induces cell motility and multicellular network formation in vitro and stimulates corneal angiogenesis in vivo. Biochemical data demonstrate the involvement of both galectin-3 and alpha3beta1 integrin in the EC response to NG2 and show that NG2, galectin-3, and alpha3beta1 form a complex on the cell surface. Transmembrane signaling via alpha3beta1 is responsible for EC motility and morphogenesis in this system. Galectin-3-dependent oligomerization may potentiate NG2-mediated activation of alpha3beta1. In conjunction with recent studies demonstrating the early involvement of pericytes in angiogenesis, these data suggest that pericyte-derived NG2 is an important factor in promoting EC migration and morphogenesis during the early stages of neovascularization.
UV-curing of titanium dioxide pigmented epoxy acrylate coating on ceramic tiles (2008)

An experiment on surface coating of ceramic tiles with titanium dioxide (TiO2) pigmented acrylate formulations have been done using UV-curing system. A coating formulation is the mixture of epoxy acrylate resin (80 mass% aromatic epoxy acrylate in 20 mass% hexandiol diacrylate), tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA) monomer, titanium dioxide pigment and photoinitiator of 2,2-dimethyl-2-hydroxy acetophenone (Darocur 1173). Coating on ceramics was carried out with a wire bar coater to get film thickness of around 150 μm. UV-curing was conducted by using 80 Watt/cm intensity UV-source at a fixed photoinitiator concentration and exposure time (represented by conveyor speed). Concentrations of titanium dioxide and TPGDA in the coating formulation were varied to evaluate their effect on physical, mechanical and chemical properties of cured films. A fixed photoinitiator concentration and conveyor speed used in the experiment were determined after evaluating the pendulum hardness of cured films in a sequence of experiments. Parameters observed were viscosity, contact angle, pendulum hardness, gloss, adhesion, color value, and chemical, solvent and stain resistance.
Structure and Distribution of Cerebroside Containing Unsaturated Hydroxy Fatty Acids in Plant Leaves (1995)

The component monounsaturated 2-hydroxy fatty acids with carbon numbers of 22, 24, 25, and 26 in wheat leaf cerebroside were found to be Z-forms of the n-9 series. From liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of the cerebroside, an exclusive combination of the unsaturated hydroxy fatty acids with 4-hydroxysphingenine was confirmed, one of the principal ceramide moieties being 2′-hydroxy-16′-Ztetracosenoyl-4-hydroxy-8-sphingenine. The distribution of the unsaturated hydroxy fatty acids in the cerebrosides from the leaves of gramineous plants was analyzed. Cerebroside species having unsaturated hydroxy fatty acids were detected in the leaves of chilling-resistant rye and oats as well as wheat. These cerebroside species, however, were not detected in the leaves of chilling-sensitive plants such as rice and maize. The unsaturated hydroxy fatty acids were found only in 3 species of chilling-resistant plants (broccoli, chrysanthemum, and dandelion) among the 21 plant species analyzed. It was noteworthy that no species of chilling-sensitive plants analyzed included significant amounts of cerebroside species containing these fatty acids.
A Rat RuvB-like Protein, TIP49a, Is a Germ Cell-enriched Novel DNA Helicase (1999)

We have isolated a novel nuclear protein with a molecular mass of 49 kDa (TIP49a) from rat liver. The rat TIP49a showed structural resemblance to several bacterial RuvBs and also displayed Walker A and B motifs. We overproduced the recombinant TIP49a in Escherichia coli and purified it to near homogeneity. Biochemical investigations demonstrated that TIP49a possessed ATPase activity that was stimulated by single-stranded DNA but neither by double-stranded DNA nor by any forms of RNA polymers tested. Moreover, a UV cross-linking assay indicated TIP49a specifically interacted with ATP. Interestingly, we found that DNA duplex was unwound by the recombinant TIP49a in the presence of ATP or dATP. Optimal concentrations of ATP and Mg2+ for the helicase activity were 1-2 mM and 0.25-1 mM, respectively. Displacement of the DNA strand occurred in the 3' to 5' direction with respect to the single-stranded DNA flanking the duplex. Western blot analysis revealed that TIP49a was abundantly expressed in testes and moderately in spleen, thymus, and lung. In mouse seminiferous tubules, the protein was restrictively observed in germ lineages from late pachytene spermatocytes to round spermatids. From these observations, we propose that TIP49a is a novel DNA helicase and may play a role in nuclear processes such as recombination and transcription.
<i>S</i>-Benzoxazolyl as a Stable Protecting Moiety and a Potent Anomeric Leaving Group in Oligosaccharide Synthesis (2007)

As a part of a program for developing new versatile building blocks for stereoselective glycosylation and convergent oligosaccharide synthesis, we demonstrated that S-benzoxazolyl (SBox) glycosides are stable toward major protecting group manipulations employed in carbohydrate chemistry. On the other hand, they can be glycosidated under relatively mild reaction conditions to afford either 1,2-trans or 1,2-cis-linked disaccharides. Selective and chemoselective activations of the SBox moiety were also proved to be feasible, which was demonstrated by synthesizing a number of oligosaccharide sequences.
The impact of full disk encryption on digital forensics (2008)

The integration of strong encryption into operating systems is creating challenges for forensic examiners, potentially preventing us from recovering any digital evidence from a computer. Because strong encryption cannot be circumvented without a key or passphrase, forensic examiners may not be able to access data after a computer is shut down, and must decide whether to perform a live forensic acquisition. In addition, with encryption becoming integrated into the operating system, in some cases, virtualization is the most effective approach to performing a forensic examination of a system with FDE. This paper presents the evolution of full disk encryption (FDE) and its impact on digital forensics. Furthermore, by demonstrating how full disk encryption has been dealt with in past investigations, this paper provides forensics examiners with practical techniques for recovering evidence that would otherwise be inaccessible.
Antepartal insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 concentrations are indicative of ketosis in dairy cows (2015)

A study involving a small number of cows found that the concentrations of insulin-like growth hormone 1 (IGF1) may be a useful predictor of metabolic disease. Further, IGF1 may provide also a pathophysiological link to metabolic diseases such as ketosis. The objective of the current study was to test whether the low antepartal total IGF1 or IGF1 binding protein (IGFBP) concentrations might predict ketosis under field conditions. Clinical examinations and blood sampling were performed antepartum (262-270 d after artificial insemination) on 377 pluriparous pregnant Holstein Friesian cows. The presence of postpartum diseases were recorded (ketosis, fatty liver, displacement of the abomasum, hypocalcemia, mastitis, retention of fetal membranes, and clinical metritis or endometritis), and the concentrations of IGF1, IGFBP2, IGFBP3, and nonesterified fatty acids were measured. Cows with postpartum clinical ketosis had lower IGF1 concentrations antepartum than healthy cows. The sensitivity of antepartal IGF1 as a marker for postpartum ketosis was 0.87, and the specificity was 0.43; a positive predictive value of 0.91 and a negative predictive value of 0.35 were calculated. The cows with ketosis and retained fetal membranes had lower IGFBP2 concentrations compared with the healthy cows. It can be speculated that lower IGF1 production in the liver during late pregnancy may increase growth hormone secretions and lipolysis, thereby increasing the risk of ketosis. Lower IGFBP2 concentrations may reflect the suppression of IGFBP2 levels through higher growth hormone secretion. In conclusion, compared with nonesterified fatty acids as a predictive parameter, IGF1 and IGFBP2 may represent earlier biomarkers of inadequate metabolic adaptation to the high energy demand required postpartum.
<title>Feasibility study of EUV scanners</title> (2001)

EUV lithography is a successor to DUV/VUV lithography, and is the final photon base lithography technology. The concept of EUV scanners for 50nm node and below is considered by clarifying the similarities and differences between EUV scanners and DUV scanners. Illumination optics, projection optics, wafer alignment sensors and wafer focus sensors are examined. And the throughput model, overlay budget and focus budget are introduced. The concrete design of illumination optics and the requirements for sources are described. Numerical aperture, magnification and field size are discussed. EUV scanners for 50nm node and below are realized.
Editorial (2017)

Dear Reader, According to Plato (Phaedo), "it seems to me that if there is something beautiful on the margins of the beautiful itself, it will not be beautiful for any other reason, except it partakes of that beauty." Thus, the beauty of scientific production is complemented in the integrity and integrality of scientific publication. The identity of the production is reflected in the image of the publication. However, the publication itself is endowed with its own identity and reflects in its image, in the context of the epistemological, theoretical, morphological, technological and metric density of the approaches, manifested in the specific aesthetics of a scientific text. Thus, the text must be endowed with scientific and technical density, but express an aesthetic that embodies the beauty of the world of science.
Grand Challenges in Shape-Changing Interface Research (2018)

Shape-changing interfaces have emerged as a new method for interacting with computers, using dynamic changes in a device's physical shape for input and output. With the advances of research into shape-changing interfaces, we see a need to synthesize the main, open research questions. The purpose of this synthesis is to formulate common challenges across the diverse fields engaged in shape-change research, to facilitate progression from single prototypes and individual design explorations to grander scientific goals, and to draw attention to challenges that come with maturity, including those concerning ethics, theory-building, and societal impact. In this article we therefore present 12 grand challenges for research on shape-changing interfaces, derived from a three-day workshop with 25 shape-changing interface experts with backgrounds in design, computer science, human-computer interaction, engineering, robotics, and material science.
Kinetic Analysis of Binding between Shiga Toxin and Receptor Glycolipid Gb3Cer by Surface Plasmon Resonance (2001)

Shiga toxin (Stx) binds to the receptor glycolipid Gb3Cer on the cell surface and is responsible for hemolytic uremic syndrome. Stx has two isoforms, Stx1 and Stx2, and in clinical settings Stx2 is known to cause more severe symptoms, although the differences between the mechanisms of action of Stx1 and Stx2 are as yet unknown. In this study, the binding modes of these two isoforms to the receptor were investigated with a surface plasmon resonance analyzer to compare differences by real time receptor binding analysis. A sensor chip having a lipophilically modified dextran matrix or quasicrystalline hydrophobic layer was used to immobilize an amphipathic lipid layer that mimics the plasma membrane surface. Dose responsiveness was observed with both isoforms when either the toxin concentration or the Gb3Cer concentration was increased. In addition, this assay was shown to be specific, because neither Stx1 nor Stx2 bound to GM3, but both bound weakly to Gb4Cer. It was also shown that a number of fitting models can be used to analyze the sensorgrams obtained with different concentrations of the toxins, and the "bivalent analyte" model was found to best fit the interaction between Stxs and Gb3Cer. This shows that the interaction between Stxs and Gb3Cer in the lipid bilayer has a multivalent effect. The presence of cholesterol in the lipid bilayer significantly enhanced the binding of Stxs to Gb3Cer, although kinetics were unaffected. The association and dissociation rate constants of Stx1 were larger than those of Stx2: Stx2 binds to the receptor more slowly than Stx1 but, once bound, is difficult to dissociate. The data described herein clearly demonstrate differences between the binding properties of Stx1 and Stx2 and may facilitate understanding of the differences in clinical manifestations caused by these toxins.
Accelerated resolution of inflammation underlies sex differences in inflammatory responses in humans (2016)

The authors were funded by multiple sources, including the National Institute for Health Research, the British Heart Foundation, and the European Research Council.
Nitrification bioaugmentation in mainstream flocculent activated sludge systems using sidestream aerobic granular sludge (2017)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2017-12
Electromechanical Measurement of Turbomachinery Blade Tip-to-Casing Running Clearance (1992)

It is difficult to make a reliable measurement of running clearance in the hostile environment over the blading of modern gas turbines. When the engine manufacturers require the measurement to be made during tests lasting many hours, or even days, measurement system ruggedness and reliability are of primary importance. This paper describes how a second generation tip clearance measurement system of much reduced size and weight was developed. The reduction of size and weight facilitates the use of this measurement system for blade tip-to-casing measurements on all engine development tests from rig to flight worthy engines. During the course of commissioning, the measurement system was tested first in the laboratory, then on progressively more demanding test vehicles. The final test was on the high pressure turbine of a modern military full scale development single spool core. During the course of this test, the mean engine Turbine Entry Temperature through the blading over which clearance was measured, exceeded 1800 K and is typical of the applications for this second generation system.
Electrostatic potential of macromolecules measured by p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> shift of a fluorophore (1988)

We have investigated the use of the pH-sensitive fluorescein label as a probe for electrostatic potential in macromolecules. The practicality of this technique is demonstrated by its application to the 16S RNA molecule. The dependence of the electrostatic potential upon ionic conditions and upon the presence of ribosomal proteins and the state of the RNA was studied. The combination of electrostatic and anisotropy data emphasizes the rôle of the 30S ribosomal proteins, rather than of the renaturation of the 16S RNA or the presence of the 50S subunit, in shaping the environment of the 3' terminus of the 16S RNA in the active ribosome.