gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acquiring experiences with executable process models (1989)

The primary thesis of this position paper is that it is mandatory to experiment with executable process models in order to obtain user feedback, to identify requirements on architectural components to support such models, and to investigate the impact of automation in the process itself. This paper briefly describes three generations of investigations with respect to the formalizing, modeling, and encoding of software life-cycle processes. Providing for executable processes has been one of the most important goals of this work.
Neuroimaging Measures as Endophenotypes in Alzheimer′s Disease (2011)

Late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) is moderately to highly heritable. Apolipoprotein E allele ε4 (APOE4) has been replicated consistently as an AD risk factor over many studies, and recently confirmed variants in other genes such as CLU, CR1, and PICALM each increase the lifetime risk of AD. However, much of the heritability of AD remains unexplained. AD is a complex disease that is diagnosed largely through neuropsychological testing, though neuroimaging measures may be more sensitive for detecting the incipient disease stages. Difficulties in early diagnosis and variable environmental contributions to the disease can obscure genetic relationships in traditional case-control genetic studies. Neuroimaging measures may be used as endophenotypes for AD, offering a reliable, objective tool to search for possible genetic risk factors. Imaging measures might also clarify the specific mechanisms by which proposed risk factors influence the brain.
A high-Q magnetostatically-tunable all-silicon evanescent cavity resonator (2011)

We present, for the first time, an all-silicon magnetostatically-tunable evanescent-mode cavity resonator that is capable of analog tuning from 9.5 to 17 GHz (1:1.8) while maintaining a high unloaded quality factor (Q) of 650-950 (70-80% of the simulated results). The resonator is fabricated using silicon micromachining and is tuned by moving a gold-covered single-crystal silicon diaphragm over the capacitive post using magnetostatic actuation. The overall volume of the complete device is 600-mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> including the tuning mechanism. Both the experimental and modeling results show that high-Q all-silicon tunable resonators can be achieved by minimizing the cavity-wall roughness and ensuring a highly conductive gold-gold thermocompression bonding between the diaphragm and cavity.
The Deployment of a Long-Term Seafloor Seismic Network on the Juan de Fuca Ridge (2007)

From 2003-2006, a novel seismic network comprising seven short-period corehole seismometers and a broadband Guralp CMG-1T OBS was deployed using remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) in a subseafloor configuration on the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca mid-ocean ridge as part of a multi-disciplinary prototype NEPTUNE experiment to investigate the linkages between seismic deformation, hydrothermal fluxes, and microbial productivity. The networks recorded high quality data that illustrate the advantages of using an ROV to deploy seismometers in well-coupled configurations away from the effects of ocean currents. The data is presently being analyzed to understand the linkages between seismic deformation and hydrothermal circulation, and the nature of seismic swarms that are associated with ridge spreading events. A subset of the seismometers will be incorporated into the NEPTUNE Canada cabled observatory.
Analysis of Tubulin Isotypes and Mutations from Taxol-Resistant Cells by Combined Isoelectrofocusing and Mass Spectrometry (2003)

Six human alpha-tubulin and seven human beta-tubulin isotypes, each of which can undergo posttranslational modifications, have been detected by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. This repertoire of tubulin isotypes plays a role in development and in the building of specialized microtubule-based structures. In cell lines, the relationship between resistance to microtubule-interacting drugs and altered tubulin isotype expression profiles is often established by quantitation of cDNA and/or Western blot analysis. Tubulin mutations in major isotypes are detected by sequencing cDNA, but more analysis of expression of tubulin mutations at the protein level, to assess their role in drug resistance, is needed. We utilized a Taxol-based purification and high-resolution isoelectrofocusing combined with a mass spectrometry-based analysis of tubulin. This approach has allowed the separation and relative quantitation of tubulin isotypes having a difference in isoelectric point values of 0.01, without the need for two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The specificity of tubulin isotype antibodies also has been established. In cell lines resistant to microtubule-stabilizing drugs that express heterozygous tubulin mutations, the relative amount of mutant tubulin expression has been determined. In these cell lines, the absence of betaII- and betaIVa-tubulin has been demonstrated, and an increased level of expression of betaIII-tubulin in resistant cells has been confirmed, indicating that this tubulin isotype is a unique marker of resistance.
Improving Semantic Segmentation via Self-Training (2020)

Deep learning usually achieves the best results with complete supervision. In the case of semantic segmentation, this means that large amounts of pixelwise annotations are required to learn accurate models. In this paper, we show that we can obtain state-of-the-art results using a semi-supervised approach, specifically a self-training paradigm. We first train a teacher model on labeled data, and then generate pseudo labels on a large set of unlabeled data. Our robust training framework can digest human-annotated and pseudo labels jointly and achieve top performances on Cityscapes, CamVid and KITTI datasets while requiring significantly less supervision. We also demonstrate the effectiveness of self-training on a challenging cross-domain generalization task, outperforming conventional finetuning method by a large margin. Lastly, to alleviate the computational burden caused by the large amount of pseudo labels, we propose a fast training schedule to accelerate the training of segmentation models by up to 2x without performance degradation.
Das dualistische Verhalten von Carbamoyl‐isothiocyanaten, I<sup>1)</sup> (1970)

Abstract Durch Reaktion von Carbamoylchloriden mit Natriumrhodanid werden aliphatische Carbamoylsenföle R 2 NCONCS ( 1 ) und aliphatisch‐aromatische Carbamoylrhodanide RArNCOSCN ( 2 ) hergestellt. Die Umsetzungen von 1 ergeben mit sich selbst unter Dimerisierung die Thiadiazinonthione 7 , mit nucleophilen HX‐Verbindungen die Carbamoylthioharnstoffe 4 , mit Iminen und Isonitrilen die N.S‐Heterocyclen 10 , 16 , 20 , bzw. die N.O‐Heterocyclen 15 . Dabei reagieren die Verbindungen manchmal als Carbamoylsenföle, manchmal als Thiocarbamoyl‐isocyanate; manchmal kommen beide Formen zum Zuge. Schon relativ geringe Strukturänderungen können den Reaktionsverlauf ändern, z. B. bei der Isonitril‐Addition zu den Oxazolthionen 15 oder den Thiazolonen 16 .
The <i>Arabidopsis thaliana ACT4/ACT12</i> actin gene subclass is strongly expressed throughout pollen development (1996)

Plants contain complex actin gene families composed of several diverse and ancient subclasses of genes. One Arabidopsis actin gene subclass represented by the ACT4 and ACT12 genes has been isolated and characterized. Both actin genes have typical plant actin gene structures, including three small introns interrupting the coding region and an intron within the mRNA leader. Their encoded proteins differ from each other in only one amino acid, whereas they differ in 3-10% of their amino acids from the other five Arabidopsis actin subclasses. They also share a few small blocks of DNA sequence homology in the 5' flanking region near their TATA boxs, but not in their introns, 3' flanking regions, or degenerate positions within codons. Southern analysis with gene-specific probes from 5' flanking sequences showed that both were single copy genes in the genome. Both RNA gel blot analysis with 3' gene-specific probes and reverse transcriptase-mediated polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) with gene-specific primers detected low levels of ACT4 and ACT12 mRNAs in flowers and very high levels in pollen. The RT-PCR detected very low levels of these mRNAs in the vegetative organs. The 5' region from both genes, including the promoter region, TATA box, the sequence for the mRNA leader and its intron, and the first 19 actin codons, was fused to a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. Expression of the GUS fusions were examined histochemically in 40 independent transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Expression of the ACT4/GUS fusion was restricted to young vascular tissues, tapetum, and developing and mature pollen. Similar expression patterns in these tissues and cell types were observed for ACT12/GUS fusion, yet unlike ACT4, ACT12 was also strongly expressed in the root cap and in a ring of pericycle tissues during lateral root initiation and early development. The unique expression patterns of the ACT4/ACT12 actin gene subclass are discussed in light of recent data on the other expressed members of the Arabidopsis actin gene family.
Virtual Configuration Management: A Technique for Partial Runtime Reconfiguration (2009)

Reconfigurable computers (RCs), built from configurable processors can offer high performance in a wide range of applications. However, due to the limited reconfigurable resources, not all needed functionalities can be implemented at the same time, and runtime reconfiguration becomes an appealing solution. This work proposes techniques suitable for multitasking applications as well as applications that can change the course of processing in a nondeterministic fashion. In order to exploit both spatial and temporal locality simultaneously, the proposed model groups hardware functions into configuration blocks of fixed size (pages), variable size (segments), or hybrid (paged segments). Multiple blocks can be configured on a chip simultaneously. Data mining techniques are used to group related functions into blocks (pages or segments) and temporal locality is exploited through block replacement techniques. Simulation, as well as emulation using the Cray XD1 reconfigurable high-performance computer was used in the experimental study. Results show a significant improvement in performance using the proposed techniques.
Exploiting visual appearance to cluster and detect rogue software (2013)

Rogue software, such as Fake A/V and ransomware, trick users into paying without giving return. We show that using a perceptual hash function and hierarchical clustering, more than 213,671 screenshots of executed malware samples can be grouped into subsets of structurally similar images, reflecting image clusters of one malware family or campaign. Based on the clustering results, we show that ransomware campaigns favor prepay payment methods such as ukash, paysafecard and moneypak, while Fake A/V campaigns use credit cards for payment. Furthermore, especially given the low A/V detection rates of current rogue software -- sometimes even as low as 11% -- our screenshot analysis approach could serve as a complementary last line of defense.
<title>Aqueous foam as a less-than-lethal technology for prison applications</title> (1997)

High expansion aqueous foam is an aggregation of bubbles that has the appearance of soap suds and is used to isolate individuals both visually and acoustically. It was developed in the 1920's in England to fight coal mine fires and has been widely used since for fire fighting and dust suppression. It was developed at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) in the 1970's for nuclear safeguards and security applications. In late 1994, the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), the research arm of the Department of Justice, began a project with SNL to determine the applicability of high expansion aqueous foam for correctional applications. NIJ funded the project as part of its search for new and better less-than-lethal weapons for responding to violent and dangerous individuals, where other means of force could lead to serious injuries. The phase one objectives of the project were to select a low-to-no toxicity foam concentrate with physical characteristics suited for use in a single cell or large prison disturbances, and to determine if the selected foam concentrate could serve as a carrier for Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) irritant. The phase two objective were to conduct an extensive toxicology review of the selected foam concentrate and OC irritant, and to conduct respiration simulation experiments in the selected high expansion aqueous foam. The phase three objectives were to build a prototype individual cell aqueous foam system and to study the feasibility of aqueous foams for large prison facility disturbances. The phase four and five objectives were to use the prototype system to do large scale foam physical characteristics testing of the selected foam concentrate, and to have the prototype single cell system further evaluated by correctional representatives. Prison rather than street scenarios were evaluated as the first and most likely place for using the aqueous foam since prisons have recurrent incidents where officers and inmates might be seriously injured during violent confrontations. The very low density of the high expansion foam also makes it more suitable for indoor use. This paper summarizes the results of the project.
Delayed password disclosure (2007)

We present a new authentication protocol called Delayed Password Disclosure. Based on the traditional user name and password paradigm, the protocol's goal is aimed at reducing the effectiveness of phishing/spoofing attacks that are becoming increasingly problematic for Internet users. This is done by providing the user with dynamic feedback while password entry occurs. While this is a process that would normally be frowned upon by the cryptographic community, we argue that it may result in more effective security than that offered by currently proposed "cryptographically acceptable" alternatives. While the protocol cannot prevent partial disclosure of one's password to the phisher, it does provide a user with the tools necessary to recognizean on going phishing attack, and prevent the disclosure of his/her entire password, providing graceful security degradation.
Polarization-adjusted Convolutional (PAC) Codes: Fano Decoding vs List Decoding. (2020)

In the Shannon lecture at the 2019 International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT), Arikan proposed to employ a one-to-one convolutional transform as a pre-coding step before polar transform. The resulting codes of this concatenation are called {\em polarization-adjusted convolutional (PAC) codes}. In this scheme, a pair of polar mapper and demapper as pre- and post-processing devices are deployed around a memoryless channel, which provides polarized information to an outer decoder leading to improved error correction performance of outer code. In this paper, the implementations of list decoding and Fano decoding for PAC codes are first investigated. Then, in order to reduce the complexity of sequential decoding of PAC/polar codes, we propose (i) an adaptive heuristic metric, (ii) tree search constraints for backtracking to avoid exploration of unlikely sub-paths, and (iii) tree search strategies consistent with the pattern of error occurrence in polar codes. These contribute to reducing the average decoding time complexity up to 85\%, with only a relatively small degradation in error correction performance. Additionally, as an important ingredient in Fano decoding of PAC/polar codes, an efficient computation method for the intermediate LLRs and partial sums is provided. This method is necessary for backtracking and avoids storing the intermediate information or restarting the decoding process.
Tumor suppressive role of an androgen-regulated epithelial cell adhesion molecule (C-CAM) in prostate carcinoma cell revealed by sense and antisense approaches. (1995)

We recently demonstrated that C-CAM, an epithelial-cell adhesion molecule of the immunoglobulin supergene family, could be regulated by androgen and might act as a growth repressor during differentiation of the prostatic epithelium. To define the role of C-CAM in prostatic tumorigenesis, a tumorigenic human prostatic cancer cell line, PC-3, was transfected with an expression plasmid containing C-CAM1 (a C-CAM isoform). Transfected clones showed significantly lower growth rates, reduced anchorage-independent growth, and less tumorigenicity in vivo than control cells. Furthermore, transfection of an antisense vector into a nontumorigenic prostatic epithelial cell line, NbE, resulted in tumor formation in nude mice. Sublines derived from these NbE-induced tumors had lower levels of C-CAM than did control cells. These data suggest that C-CAM1 can function as a tumor suppressor in prostate tumorigenesis.
Filtered Rayleigh scattering measurements in supersonic/hypersonic facilities (1992)

Preliminary measurements are presented of flow field properties in Mach 3 and Mach 5 flows using filtered Rayleigh scattering. Filter properties have been characterized by high resolution spectroscopy in order to optimize the selection of laser frequency and filter operating conditions, as well as for the development of an accurate filter modeling program. An optimized filter is used the background suppression feature of this technique to image the boundary layer structure in a Mach 3 high Reynolds number facility and the shock structure in a Mach 5 overexpanded jet. This had been achieved using a visible laser source. By frequency scanning the laser, time-averaged velocity measurements in the Mach 3 and Mach 5 flows are made. Data acquisition at 10 torr and below indicates that this approach can be extrapolated for use in hypersonic flow facilities and is applicable as an in-flight optical air data device for hypersonic vehicles.
Partial update and sparse adaptive filters (2007)

There has been increasing research interest in developing adaptive filters with partial update (PU) and adaptive filters for sparse impulse responses. On the basis of maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation, new adaptive filters are developed by determining the update when a new set of training data is received. The MAP estimation formulation permits the study of a number of different prior distributions which naturally incorporate the sparse property of the filter coefficients. First, the Gaussian prior is studied, and a new adaptive filter with PU is proposed. A theoretical basis for an existing PU adaptive filter is also studied. Then new adaptive filters that directly exploit the sparsity of the filter are developed by using the scale mixture Gaussian distribution as the prior. Two new algorithms based on the Student's-t and power-exponential distributions are presented. The minorisation–maximisation algorithm is employed as an optimisation tool. Simulation results show that the learning performance of the proposed algorithms is better than or similar to that of some recently published algorithms.
Welding artificial biomaterial with a pulsed diode laser and indocyanine green dye (1995)

Laser tissue welding is a sutureless method of wound closure that has been used successfully in nerve, skin, and arterial anastomoses. We welded an elastin-based biomaterial that elicits minimal foreign body reaction to the intimal surface of porcine aorta. The aorta was stained with indocyanine green dye to efficiently absorb the 808 nm diode laser light. Laser welding with a pulsed diode laser thermally confines heating to stained portion of tissue, minimizing adjacent tissue damage. Laser welds of stained aorta to biomaterial were attempted by sandwiching the samples between glass slides and applying pressure ranging from 4 - 20 N/cm<SUP>2</SUP> for 5 ms pulse durations and 83 mJ/mm<SUP>2</SUP> radiant exposure. Welds were successful for pressure above 5 N/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. Transmission measurements of stained aorta were made using radiant exposures of 6 - 129 mJ/mm<SUP>2</SUP> using pulse durations of 0.5 - 5 ms. Transmission increases and reaches a maximum of 80 - 85% with successive pulses for radiant exposure greater than 26 mJ/mm<SUP>2</SUP> for a spot size of 9 mm<SUP>2</SUP> and 13 mJ/mm<SUP>2</SUP> for a spot size of 36 mm<SUP>2</SUP>.
An enabler of interoperability in heterogeneous wireless networks (2011)

In the context of the rapid development of mobile terminals which are utilizing multiple wireless technologies, the QoS demands while roaming from one type of wireless network to another have increased, leading the way towards redesigning the TCP/IP stack, introducing therefore, the concept of vertical handover. The support came in the form of a module that will sustain interoperability between heterogeneous networks. This paper describes the need of an independent interoperability module and the role it plays in the context of a multi-layered stack. The design respects the guidelines of the IEEE 802.21 standard, enabling communication between multiple medium access control technologies and the network layer that suffered a series of enhancements in order to process the information provided by a 2.5 layer entity.
Phenylethanoid glycosides in plants: structure and biological activity (1994)

C. Jiménez and R. Riguera, Nat. Prod. Rep., 1994, 11, 591 DOI: 10.1039/NP9941100591
Atypical Human Effector/Memory CD4+ T Cells With a Naive-Like Phenotype (2018)

The induction of adaptive immunological memory, mediated by T and B cells, plays an important role in protective immunity to pathogens induced by previous infections or vaccination. Naive CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells that have been primed by antigen develop into memory or effector cells, which may be distinguished by their capability to exert a long-term and rapid response upon re-challenge by antigen, to produce distinct cytokines and surface marker expression phenotypes such as CD45RA/RO, CD27, CD62L, and CCR7. Moreover, a distinct lineage of memory T cells populates tissues (tissue-resident memory T cells or T<sub>RM</sub> cells) which orchestratea the response to pathogens re encountered at tissue sites. Recent evidence, however, has highlighted that CD4<sup>+</sup> naive T cells are much more heterogeneous that previously thought, and that they harbor diversity in phenotypes, differentiation stages, persistence, functions, and anatomic localizations. These cells represent cellular subsets that are extremely heterogeneous and multifunctional at their very initial stages of differentiation, with the potential to become "atypical" memory and effector cells. In this mini review, we focus on recently obtained data from studies in humans, in which this newly recognized heterogeneity in the naive T cell pool was discovered in terms of surface marker expression, cytokine production, or transcriptomic profiles. The deep analysis of immune functions at the single cell level combined with a better understanding of the generation and maintenance of the various atypical memory CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell subsets with a naive-like phenotype will be important in immune-monitoring of vaccination and immunotherapies in infectious diseases.
Hemostasis of the Gallbladder Fossa During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (1991)

A technique of hemostasis is presented using Surgicel (Johnson & Johnson) for control of bleeding from the gall bladder fossa during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.