gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Reproducible Tuning of the Size and Nanosized-Dependent Composition, Defects, and Spin Canting (2014)

Iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) with average sizes in the range 4–28 nm have been obtained by varying different synthesis parameters of the thermal decomposition of an iron precursor (iron stearate) in the presence of surfactants in high boiling solvents. The synthesis parameters affect the NPs nucleation and growth steps, by modifying the stability of iron stearate on which depend the monomer formation and concentration, in agreement with the LaMer model. The monomer formation, which is reaction time and/or temperature dependent, is thus found to vary mainly as a function of the nature of solvents and ligands. The structural and magnetic characterizations of NPs with sizes in the range 5–20 nm confirm that the composition of NPs evolves from the maghemite for small sizes (typically <8 nm) up to a core of rather stoichiometric magnetite surrounded by an oxidized shell for large sizes (>12 nm) via a perturbed oxidized state for intermediate sizes. The values of saturation magnetization lower than those of bulk magnetite and maghemite were found to be related to this composition evolution and to the presence of oxidation defects, surface spin canting and volume spin canting as a function of NPs diameter. Small NPs presented mainly a surface spin canting. NPs with large sizes display Ms which depends on their oxidized shell thickness, defects and surface spin canting. NPs with intermediate sizes display a surface and in particular a volume spin canting due to a disordered structure induced by a perturbed oxidation state in these NPs.
A forearm controlled application technique for estimating the relative mildness of personal cleansing products (1995)

The forearm controlled application technique (FCAT) is a method for estimating the relative irritation potential of personal cleansers. The FCAT uses an exposure protocol that is based on consumer washing habits, and offers greater efficiency than many other methods used to evaluate personal cleanser mildness. In addition, the FCAT minimizes error due to biological diversity by simultaneously exposing subjects to up to eight test products. Thus, the FCAT offers greater testing power than traditional paired-test designs. We have successfully used the FCAT to differentiate a wide variety of personal cleansing products on the basis of expert visual assessments and instrumental measurements. The method presented has been validated with standard control products over a period of twenty one months at several different test sites under a wide variety of test conditions.
A Human-Robot Interface for Urban Search and Rescue (2003)

This paper describes the Swarthmore College entry in the 2003 Urban Search and Rescue [USR] Event at the 2003 American Association for Artificial Intelligence Robot Competition. The primary focus of Swarthmore’s entry was the development of a fast, responsive user interface for effectively tele-operating a robot with some autonomous capability. This interface was inspired by first-person video game interfaces, and enabled Swarthmore to place second in the 2003 USR competition.
Low Temperature Growth of Hydrogenated Silicon Prepared by PECVD from Argon Diluted Silane Plasma (2012)

In order to contribute to the understanding of the optoelectronics properties of hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon thin films, a detailed study has been conducted. The samples were deposited by 13.56 MHz PECVD (Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) of silane argon mixture. The argon dilution of silane for all samples studied was 96% by volume. The substrate temperature was fixed at 200oC. The influence of depositions parameters on optical proprieties of samples was studied by UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy. The structural evolution was studied by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Intrinsic-layer samples depositions were made in this experiment in order to obtain the transition from the amorphous to crystalline phase materials. The deposition pressure varied from 400 mTorr to 1400 mTorr and the rf power from 50 to 250 W. The structural evolution studies show that beyond 200 W, we observed an amorphous-nanocrystalline transition, with an increase in crystalline fraction by increasing rf power and working pressure. Films near the amorphous to nanocrystalline transition region are grown at reasonably high deposition rates (~10 /s), which are highly desirable for the fabrication of cost effective devices. The deposition rate increases with increasing rf power and process pressure. Different crystalline fractions (21% to 95%) and crystallite size (6 - 16 nm) can be achieved by controlling the process pressure and rf power. These structural changes are well correlated to the variation of optical proprieties of the thin films.
Reducing the risk of bacterial contamination of cellular blood components. (2000)

Transfusion-associated septic reactions occurring during or following the transfusion of cellular blood components was one of the earliest recognised complications of allogeneic blood transfusions. The presence of bacteria in cellular blood products thus has been a problem for many decades and currently it is the most common microbiological cause of transfusion-associated morbidity and mortality. Transfusion-associated septic reactions due to contaminated platelet concentrates appear to be much more common than those due to red cell concentrates. The prevalence of contaminated cellular blood products (red cells and platelets) is approximately 1 in 2,000. However, the transfusion to a recipient of a contaminated blood product may not be associated with morbidity, because many contaminated blood product units contain only few bacteria and such transfusions may be innocuous to the recipient. In other instances, contaminated blood product units may contain large numbers of virulent bacteria and endotoxins, and their transfusion may be associated with significant morbidity and may even be lethal to the recipient. The prevalence of severe episodes of transfusion-associated sepsis has not been clearly established, but is probably of the order of 1 in 50,000 for platelet units and 1 in 500,000 for red blood cell units transfused. As a result of the increased recognition that such transfusion-associated septic episodes can occur, a variety of measures have been proposed to try to prevent and/or control the rate of contamination of blood products.
Nonlinear Constitutive Relations of Cellular Materials (2008)

The nonlinear constitutive relations of the cellular materials are presented in this paper based on the large deformation analysis of elastic beams in plane. The relations reflect the dependences of equivalent stress, equivalent Young’s modulus, equivalent Poisson’s ratio, and equivalent shear modulus on the deformation. It is found that the modified factors of the linear constitutive relations are associated with the shape and deformation of a considered cellularmaterialandindependentoftheratioofthefacethicknessttolengthl(t=l)ofthematerial.Sotheconstitutive relations can describe the mechanical properties of the cellular materials with the same shape.
In-house sulfur SAD phasing: a case study of the effects of data quality and resolution cutoffs (2006)

Single-wavelength anomalous diffraction (SAD) utilizing the weak signal of inherently present S atoms can be successfully used to solve macromolecular structures, although this is mostly performed with data from a synchrotron rather than a laboratory source. Using high redundancy, sufficiently accurate anomalous data may now often be collected in the laboratory using Cu Kalpha X-ray radiation. Systematic analyses of a laboratory-derived data set illuminate the effects of data quality, redundancy and resolution cutoffs on the ability to locate the S atoms and phase the structure of Ptr ToxA, a 13.2 kDa toxin secreted by the fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis. Three sulfurs contributed to the successful phasing of the structure and were located using the program SHELXD. It is observed that data quality improves with increasing redundancy, but after a certain point becomes worse owing to crystal decay, so that there is an optimal amount of data to include for the sulfur substructure solution. Further, the success rate in locating S atoms is dramatically improved at lower resolutions and in a manner similar to data quality, there exists an optimal resolution at which the likelihood of solving the substructure is maximized. Based on these observations, a strategy for SAD data collection and substructure solution is suggested.
Novel Extracellular Sulfatases: Potential Roles in Cancer. (2003)

ヘパラン硫酸プロテオグリカン (HSPG) のグルコサミン残基の硫酸化は、HSPGと多くの増殖および分化因子との結合やそれらの因子の情報伝達において、重要な役割を担っていることが知られている。近年、我々はヒトおよびマウスからそれぞれ2つの新規細胞外スルファターゼ (Sulf-1, Sulf-2) をウズラとラットのオーソロガス遺伝子としてクローニングした (1)。これら新規細胞外スルファターゼ (Sulf) は、今までに知られている主にリソソームに局在し硫酸化巨大分子を基質とする細胞内スルファターゼとは異なるものである。これら Sulf には、ヒトグルコサミン-6-スルファターゼと高いホモロジーをもつ領域が2つあり、機能的にはヘパリンに対するエンドスルファターゼ活性を示す。さらに興味深いことに、Sulf は発生と腫瘍形成において共通した機能を有する可能性がある。つまり、ヘパリン結合性増殖/分化因子を制御する可能性である。この Sulf の機能は、いくつかの腫瘍組織において Sulf のmRNAレベルが正常組織と比較して増加していることと矛盾していない。
Massive MIMO: How many antennas do we need? (2011)

We consider a multicell MIMO uplink channel where each base station (BS) is equipped with a large number of antennas N. The BSs are assumed to estimate their channels based on pilot sequences sent by the user terminals (UTs). Recent work has shown that, as N → ∞, (i) the simplest form of user detection, i.e., the matched filter (MF), becomes optimal, (ii) the transmit power per UT can be made arbitrarily small, (iii) the system performance is limited by pilot contamination. The aim of this paper is to assess to which extent the above conclusions hold true for large, but finite N. In particular, we derive how many antennas per UT are needed to achieve η % of the ultimate performance. We then study how much can be gained through more sophisticated minimum-mean-square-error (MMSE) detection and how many more antennas are needed with the MF to achieve the same performance. Our analysis relies on novel results from random matrix theory which allow us to derive tight approximations of achievable rates with a class of linear receivers.
Masked Type I Wheat Allergy (1985)

Six patients had type I hypersensitivity to wheat. Three cases were exercise-induced anaphylaxis to wheat, one was exercise-induced urticarial reaction to wheat (with angioedema), and the remaining two were exercise-accentuated urticarial reaction to wheat. Elimination of wheat from the diet completely cleared these symptoms. Allergens were prepared from wheat, gluten, gliadin, and glutenin by simple extraction and enzyme digestion, and these preparations were used in skin tests. The allergens obtained from gluten, gliadin, and glutenin by pepsin digestion were qualitatively different from wheat and gluten allergens obtained by simple extraction and were more related to exercise-induced anaphylaxis. Trypsin digestion showed no such effect and abolished all these allergens. These results indicate that wheat allergens are reinforced in the stomach and destroyed in the jejunum.
The Unique Position of Newfoundland in the Care of the Mentally Retarded Child (1963)

FrenchLe domaine de l'arriération mentale a suscité un renouveau d'intérêt et la tendance actuelle veut que l'on prenne soin de l'enfant arriéré dans son propre milieu autant que possible.Selon les études de fréquence faites ailleurs, les auteurs estiment qu'il y a au moins 2,500 enfants arriérés à Terre-Neuve. Environ 50 de ces enfants ont été confiés aux soins des ministères de la Santé et du Bien-être et la plupart ont été placés dans des foyers nourriciers.Les autres sont placés dans leur propre collectivité et bénéficient des aménagements disponibles, lesquels comprennent une clinique d'orientation de l'enfance et sept écoles situées en divers points de la province. Ces écoles sont dirigées par l'Association de Terre-Neuve pour l'aide aux enfants arriérés qui s'occupe d'environ 100 écoliers.Les arriérés à Terre-Neuve semblent être accueillis facilement dans la collectivité et les auteurs laissent entendre que cet accueil est attribuable aux caractères culturels et géographiques de Terre-Neuve, uniques en leur genre. La moitié de la population vit dans des villages de pêcheurs disséminés le long du littoral ou sur des îles tout près des côtes. Ces villages ou hameaux n'ont aucune communication per route ou par rail avec les localités voisines. Quelques habitants descendent des premiers colons d'origine britannique, française et irlandaise. Les intermarriages sont fréquents et les liens de famille sont très étroits. La vie est simple, le temps n'a pas beaucoup d'importance, de sorte que l'arriéré peut souvent participer à l'activité quotidienne qui comprend la réparation des filets, la coupe et le hâlage du bois. Il a beaucoup de parents qui sont prêts à s'occuper de ses principaux besoins. Il n'est pas considéré comme un paria comme cela pourrait arriver s'il était placé dans un milieu urbain plus blasé.Terre-Neuve offre des possibilities uniques en leur genre pour l'étude de l'arriération mentale et des problèmes connexes.
Viral Vector-Mediated Gene Therapy for Hemophilia B (1997)

Over the past five years, significant advances have been made in the development of novel viral vector systems for the treatment of hemophilia B by somatic gene therapy. At present, both a sustained but partial or a complete but transient correction of the hemophilia B phenotype have been observed in a clinically relevant animal model. Present efforts are being directed toward the development of safe, effective and persistent methods of virally-mediated gene transfer to achieve the complete restoration of normal hemostasis in individuals with hemophilia B.
Optimal design of checks for error detection and location in fault-tolerant multiprocessor systems (1993)

RANDGEN, a simple and efficient general-purpose algorithm for generating arbitrary data-check (DC) graphs with a small number of checks, which satisfy a variety of properties that have been found to be useful in algorithm-based fault tolerance (ABFT) designs, is proposed. The concept of majority diagnosability is introduced in an attempt to explicitly redesign DC graphs for easy diagnosis. UNIFGEN, a variation of RANDGEN that produces DC graphs with uniform checks is examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ia antigen is a differentiation marker on human eosinophils (1980)

Evidence suggests that the “la-like” or antigen is a differentiation marker that is expressed on early human hematopoietic precursor cells, but is absent on their mature progeny. The eosinophil precursor cell (CFU-EO) is distinct from the granulocyte-monocyte colon-forming cell (CFU-C). We provide data that indicate that the ia antigen is expressed on the human eosinophil colony-forming cells and is absent on mature eosinophils. All CFU-EO were inhibited in the presence of rabbit la antiserum at a titer of 1:30. Cytotoxicity was complement-dependent. The metamyelocytic eosinophil and more mature eosinophil forms did not express the la antigen.
Manufacturing Mixed Hydrogen and Nitrogen (1915)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTManufacturing Mixed Hydrogen and NitrogenG SchollCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1915, 7, 5, 458Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1915Publication History Published online14 June 2002Published inissue 1 May 1915https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50077a683https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50077a683research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views12Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Animal models of human pneumonia (2007)

Pneumonia is a medical and public health priority, and advances against this disease will require improved knowledge of biological mechanisms. Human pneumonia is modeled with experimental infections of animals, most frequently mice. Mouse models are leading to important discoveries relevant to pneumonia, but their limitations must be carefully considered. Several approaches to establishing pneumonia in mice have been developed, and each has specific strengths and weaknesses. Similarly, procedures for characterizing microbial and host responses to infection have unique advantages and disadvantages. Mice are not small humans, and the applicability of results from murine models to human disease depends on understanding the similarities and differences between species. Additional considerations such as mouse strain, microbe strain, and prior mouse-microbe interactions also influence the design and interpretation of experiments. Results from studies of pneumonia in animals, combined with complementary basic and translational studies, are elucidating mechanisms responsible for susceptibility to and pathophysiology of lung infection.
Assessment of executive functions: Review of instruments and identification of critical issues (2007)

"Executive functions" is an umbrella term for functions such as planning, working memory, inhibition, mental flexibility, as well as the initiation and monitoring of action. The impairment of executive functions in various clinical groups is a topic of much debate, as are recent attempts to formulate the corresponding intervention and rehabilitation regimes of these dysfunctions. This article reviewed current theories of executive functions and their associated assessment instruments. In addition, it identified issues that are imperative for more accurate, sensitive, and specific assessment of various components of this construct. It is concluded that more research is needed to fractionate the executive system by assessing a wide range of functions and to verify their neuroanatomical correlates. Recently developed measurement models and technology may also facilitate a more ecologically and ethologically valid assessment for the specific needs of different individuals.
Role of modern immunotherapy in gastrointestinal malignancies: a review of current clinical progress (2017)

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are a group of highly aggressive malignancies with a huge disease burden worldwide. There is clearly a significant unmet need for new drugs and therapies to further improve the treatment outcomes of GI malignancies. Immunotherapy is a novel treatment strategy that is emerging as an effective and promising treatment option against several types of cancers. CTLA-4 and PD-1 are critical immune checkpoint molecules that negatively regulate T cell activation via distinct mechanisms. Immune checkpoint blockade with antibodies directed against these pathways has already shown clinical efficacy that has led to their FDA approval in the treatment of several solid tumors including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, and head and neck cancer. This review will summarize the current clinical progress of modern immunotherapy in the field of GI tumors, with a special focus on immune checkpoint blockade.
Booting 100's of thousands of Linux VMs. (2011)

Abstract not provided.
Two Archeological Surveys In The Texas Department Of Transportations Atlanta District: FM 450 At Little Cypress Bayou, Harrison County (CSJ 0843-02-012), And County Road 4114 At Brutons Creek, Morris County (CSJ 0919-20-030) (2013)

Prewitt and Associates, Inc., was contracted by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) to perform two intensive archeological surveys in TxDOT’s Atlanta District under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 6385. This work was completed prior to replacement of a bridge and realignment of approaches on Farm-to-Market Road (FM) 450 at Little Cypress Bayou in Harrison County (CSJ 0843-02-012) and replacement of a bridge and improvement of approaches on County Road 4114 at Brutons Creek in Morris County (CSJ 0919-20-030). The Area of Potential Effects (APE) for the FM 450 project is 50 acres and includes existing and new TxDOT right of way; approximately half of the APE was surveyed in 2010 (McKee 2010). The APE for the County Road 4114 project is 1.2 acres and includes a short segment of existing right of way and 0.9 acres of temporary construction easements. Prewitt and Associates archeologists surveyed the remaining 25 acres of the FM 450 APE and the County Road 4114 APE in December 2012 and January 2013. These investigations required a total of about 11 person-days of effort. The FM 450 survey included the excavation of 50 shovel tests and 11 trenches. This effort identified a small amount of modern trash on the upland margin at the north end of the project area and prehistoric site 41HS973 on the floodplain near Little Cypress Bayou. Site 41HS973 consists of a diffuse scatter of seven pieces of lithic debitage identified on two sandy rises on the Little Cypress Bayou floodplain. The investigation indicated that the archeological deposits in the investigated part of the site lack both integrity and significance. Thus, Prewitt and Associates recommends that the recorded portion of 41HS973 is not eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion D (36 CFR 60.4; 36 CFR 800.4, 5) or designation as a State Archeological Landmark (13 TAC 26.2, 8). The County Road 4114 survey included the excavation of 15 shovel tests and 4 trenches in and adjacent to the temporary construction easements. No archeological materials or deposits were identified during this investigation. Both surveys were conducted under no artifact collection policies. Identified artifacts were noted, briefly described, and returned to the point of recovery.