gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Committee on Military Nutrition Research Activity Report, April 1, 1992 through November 30, 1994. (1994)

Abstract : The activities of the Food and Nutrition Board's Committee on Military Nutrition Research (CMNR) have been supported since 1992 by Grant No. DAMD17-92-J-2003 from the U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command. This report presents a summary of these activities for the grant period from April 1, 1992, through May 30, 1994, including the period covered by a six-month no-cost extension to November 30, 1994. During this grant period the CMNR has met from three to six times each year in response to issues that are brought to the Committee through the Military Nutrition Division of the U.S. Army Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM) at Natick, Massachusetts. The CMNR has submitted seven formal reports with recommendations to the Assistant Surgeon General since April, 1992 and has two workshop reports and a letter report currently under preparation. These reports are summarized in the following activity report with synopses of additional topics for which reports were deferred pending completion of military research in progress. This activity report includes as appendixes the conclusions and recommendations from the seven reports and has been prepared in a fashion to allow rapid access to Committee recommendations on the topics covered over the time period.
Rare Class Discovery Techniques for Highly Imbalanced Data (2013)

resent computer technology has progressed at a very rapid speed and it has tremendous effect to the storage of electronic data. With enormously increasing data, conventional method to analyze data is inappropriate. Data mining is thus an essential technology and has been proven useful for automatic analysis of large data (5), (7). Data mining is the discovery of interesting patterns from large data. Discovered patterns can be in various forms such as a tree model for classification, a set of rules for association, or a group of representative centroids for data clustering. In this paper, we focus on the discovery of a tree model. This model can be used to predict events in the future. Decision tree induction is normally a powerful technique to discover a tree model for future event prediction. But for a highly imbalanced data in which the number of data instances in one class is extremely smaller than the number of instances in other classes. Dataset of a smaller group is called a rare class (2), (6) or a minority class. A dataset with high imbalance between majority and minority classes can cause much trouble to the tree induction algorithm. During the tree building process data instances from a minority class are normally pruned and disappear from the final tree model. This makes the tree model predict the majority class correctly, but minority class tends to be
Low‐Temperature Preparation of Titanium Carbide Coatings on Graphite Flakes from Molten Salts (2008)

Titanium carbide (TiC)‐coated graphite for refractory castable applications was prepared via reacting titanium metal powder (∼45 μm) and natural graphite flakes (100–300 μm) for 5 h at 950°C in a KCl‐based salt in Ar atmosphere. TiC coatings formed on graphite flakes were uniform, crack‐free, and composed of nanosized particles (20–40 nm). The “template‐growth” mechanism played a dominant role in the coating formation process.
Dynamic performance of the all-optical gain-controlled EDFA cascade in multi-wavelength add/drop networks (1997)

We show that, in a WDM optical link of cascaded all-optical gain-clamped Er-doped fibre amplifiers (EDFAs), error-free data transmission is possible even when channel add-drop frequencies become close to relaxation oscillation frequencies of the gain-clamped amplifiers. In conclusion, we have found that, in an optical link made up of cascaded all optical gain-clamped EDFAs, relaxation-oscillation-induced power penalties are negligible even when channel add/drop frequencies are set to relaxation oscillation frequencies of the amplifiers.
Comparison of ELISA and RIA for measurement of pneumococcal antibodies before and after vaccination with 14-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine. (1981)

Antibody responses to the 14-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine in children under school age were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA). Specific IgG and IgM antibodies were usually detectable by ELISA in the prevaccination sera, and one or both of them increased as a response to the vaccination. Specific IGA antibodies were detected by ELISA in a part of the post-vaccination sera only. The frequency of the IgA responses increased with the age of the children. The correlation of the ELISA results with RIA was good (r from 0.652 to 0.812) except for type 6A (r = 0.471).
New Clinical Trial for Patients With Relapsed or Refractory CLL (2015)

A phase I/II trial of IPH2201, an NKG2A checkpoint inhibitor, is being tested with ibrutinib (Imbruvica) in patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).
Mini RNA Molecules Shield Mouse Liver From Hepatitis (2003)

RNA INTERFERENCEShooting millions of tiny RNA molecules into a mouse's bloodstream can protect its liver from the ravages of hepatitis, a new study shows. It offers further hope that a novel approach to silencing troublesome genes will become a valuable disease-fighting tool. But the authors and others caution that the therapy must leap many hurdles before it can be safely applied to humans.
A novel self-referenced ferroelectric-memory readout scheme (2015)

Reading one-transistor one capacitor ferroelectric random-access memory (1T-1C FRAM) requires generating a reference voltage that is ideally halfway between the two bitline voltages generated in cases of "1" and "0" readings. However, these two generated voltages vary from cell to cell and with the process variations. So, a self-referenced scheme is needed. In this paper, a self-referenced readout scheme will be proposed that depends on properly pulsing the plateline and using a capacitive-voltage divider. The proposed scheme is verified using simulation adopting the 45 nm CMOS technology and shows a 33% reduction in the read-cycle time. Enhancing the robustness of the reading circuitry will also be investigated quantitatively.
Reliability Evaluation of Programmable Read-Only Memories (PROMs). (1976)

The primary objectives of this study were to: (1) assess unique factors affecting the reliability of 1024-bit open collector programmable read-only memories (PROMs) from three technologies, i.e., nichrome fusible links, titanium-tungsten fusible links and avalanche induced migration (AIM) or 'blown diode' technology; (2) recommend programming, testing and screening guidelines for the subject PROMs; and (3) develop a failure prediction technique for the subject PROMs.
Instability of electrokinetic microchannel flows with conductivity gradients (2004)

Electrokinetic flow is leveraged in a variety of applications, and is a key enabler of on-chip electrophoresis systems. An important sub-class of electrokinetic devices aim to pump and control electrolyte working liquids with spatial gradients in conductivity. These high-gradient flows can become unstable under the application of a sufficiently strong electric field. In this work the instability physics is explored using theoretical and numerical analyses, as well as experimental observations. The flow in a long, rectangular-cross-section channel is considered. A conductivity gradient is assumed to be orthogonal to the main flow direction, and an electric field is applied in the streamwise direction. It is found that such a system exhibits a critical electric field above which the flow is highly unstable, resulting in fluctuating velocities and rapid stirring. Modeling results compare well with experimental observations. The model indicates that the fluid forces associated with the thin dimension of the channel (transverse to both the conductivity gradient and the main flow direction) tends to stabilize the flow. These results have application to the design and control of on-chip assays that require high conductivity gradients, and provides a rapid mixing mechanism for low Reynolds number flows in microchannels.
Activation of (His)6-Raf-1 in vitro by partially purified plasma membranes from v-Ras-transformed and serum-stimulated fibroblasts. (1994)

The serine-threonine protein kinase Raf-1 is an important signal transducer in mitogenesis, phosphorylating and activating mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase. Raf-1 activation in vivo is dependent on Ras, but the mechanism of Raf activation is unknown. The ability of preparations of plasma membranes to activate exogenous (His)6-Raf-1 was studied. Plasma membranes of v-Ras-transformed NIH 3T3 cells, but not parental cells, enhanced MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) activity dependent on addition of (His)6-Raf-1 and ATP/Mg. Treatment of membranes with concentrations of Bacillus cereus phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C that activated Raf-1 in vivo failed to enhance MAPKKK activity in vitro. Activation of (His)6-Raf-1 in vitro by membranes was dependent on binding to Ras. Membranes from v-Src-transformed cells also activated (His)6-Raf-1 and synergized with v-Ras membranes. Serum-treatment of NIH 3T3 cells stimulated the ability of membranes to activate (His)6-Raf-1. Activated (His)6-Raf-1 could be recovered on Ni(2+)-agarose, and this methodology was used to demonstrate that activation by membranes was ATP dependent. These findings demonstrate Ras- and ATP-dependent step(s) for Raf-1 activation by plasma membranes in vitro.
Essential role of mitochondrial energy metabolism in Foxp3 <sup>+</sup> T‐regulatory cell function and allograft survival (2015)

Conventional T (Tcon) cells and Foxp3(+) T-regulatory (Treg) cells are thought to have differing metabolic requirements, but little is known of mitochondrial functions within these cell populations in vivo. In murine studies, we found that activation of both Tcon and Treg cells led to myocyte enhancer factor 2 (Mef2)-induced expression of genes important to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Inhibition of OXPHOS impaired both Tcon and Treg cell function compared to wild-type cells but disproportionally affected Treg cells. Deletion of Pgc1α or Sirt3, which are key regulators of OXPHOS, abrogated Treg-dependent suppressive function and impaired allograft survival. Mef2 is inhibited by histone/protein deacetylase-9 (Hdac9), and Hdac9 deletion increased Treg suppressive function. Hdac9(-/-) Treg showed increased expression of Pgc1α and Sirt3, and improved mitochondrial respiration, compared to wild-type Treg cells. Our data show that key OXPHOS regulators are required for optimal Treg function and Treg-dependent allograft acceptance. These findings provide a novel approach to increase Treg function and give insights into the fundamental mechanisms by which mitochondrial energy metabolism regulates immune cell functions in vivo.
Total ionizing dose effects in MOS oxides and devices (2003)

This paper reviews the basic physical mechanisms of the interactions of ionizing radiation with MOS oxides, including charge generation, transport, trapping and detrapping, and interface trap formation. Device and circuit effects are also discussed briefly.
Shock ignition of thermonuclear fuel with high areal densities (2008)

In thick shell implosions, most of the kinetic energy is used to assemble the cold fuel rather than to heat the hot spot. A significant increase in the hot-spot compression and reduction of the driver energy required for ignition can be accomplished by launching a shock during the final stage of the implosion. In direct-drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF), the 'ignitor' shock can be launched by a power spike at the end of the laser pulse. For targets with the same adiabat and implosion velocities, the laser energy required for ignition is significantly lower for shock-ignition ICF than for standard ICF.
Elongation of Fibers from Highly Viscous Dextran Solutions Enables Fabrication of Rapidly Dissolving Drug Carrying Fabrics (2014)

A simple method is presented for forming thread-like fibers from highly viscous dextran solutions. Based on the cohesive and adhesive forces between a dextran solution and the substrate to which it is applied, multiple fibers of approximately 10 μm in diameter can be elongated simultaneously. These fibers can be woven into multiple layers to produce fabrics of varying fiber orientations and mechanical properties. Various bioactive agents can be incorporated into the dextran solution prior to fiber formation, including hemostatic and antibiotic agents. Fabrics containing thrombin are capable of coagulating human platelet poor plasma in vitro. Fabrics containing antibiotics are capable of suppressing bacterial growth in a disk diffusion assay. These data suggest that this new material composed entirely of dextran has promise as a drug delivery component in wound dressings.
Recalcitrant Issues and New Frontiers in Nano-Pharmacology (2019)

Packaging of old pharma drugs into new packaging "nanoparticles" is called nano-pharmacology and the products are called nano-based drugs. The inception of nano-pharmacology research and development (R&D) is marked by the approval of the first nano-based drug Doxil<sup>®</sup> in 1995 by the Food and Drug Administration. However, even after more than two decades, today, there are only ∼20 nano-based drugs in the market to treat cancers and brain diseases. In this article we share the perspectives of nanotechnology scientists, engineers, and clinicians on the roadblocks in nano-pharmacology R&D. Also, we share our opinion on new frontiers in the field of nano-pharmacology R&D that may allow rapid and efficient transfer of nano-pharma technologies from R&D to market.
Newly developed acrylic copolymers for ArF photoresist (2002)

We have developed novel acrylic copolymers for ArF photoresist which have more etching durability than usual. The excellent one of those copolymers in handling contains 8- or 9- methacryloyloxy-4-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.0<SUP>2,6</SUP>]decan-3-one (OTDMA) and (gamma) ,(gamma) -dimethyl-(alpha) -methylene-(gamma) -butyrolac tone (DMMB). OTDMA is a new methacrylic ester monomer having a lactone unit with bridged structure. DMMB introduces a lactone structure to the main chain of acrylic copolymers. It was suggested that the solubility of monomers depends on the hindrance of their polar group, and the role of the hydrophilic monomers has been discussed from the standpoint of the position of their hydrophilic parts.
Phase coupling and constant generation in an optimizing microcode compiler (1982)

The designer of an optimizing compiler must concern himself with the order in which optimization phases are performed; a pair of phases may be interdependent in the sense that each phase could benefit from information produced by the other. In a compiler for a horizontal target architecture, one such phase-ordering problem occurs between code-generation and compaction . Presented here is an overview of a research effort at Carnegie-Mellon University which has examined solutions to this problem. One aspect of the code generation problem-that of generating constants “intelligently”-is discussed in detail. A technique, called constant-unfolding , is described that can be used to produce code sequences that generate constants in “unusual” ways during execution; such code sequences can lead to more compact code when the literal field of the microinstruction is a “bottleneck”.
Multiple Stressors in Caenorhabditis elegans Induce Stress Hormesis and Extended Longevity (2002)

We demonstrate here that the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans displays broad hormetic abilities. Hormesis is the induction of beneficial effects by exposure to low doses of otherwise harmful chemical or physical agents. Heat as well as pretreatment with hyperbaric oxygen or juglone (a chemical that generates reactive oxygen species) significantly increased subsequent resistance to the same challenge. Cross-tolerance between juglone and oxygen was also observed. The same heat or oxygen pretreatment regimens that induced subsequent stress resistance also increased life expectancy and maximum life span of populations undergoing normal aging. Pretreatment with ultraviolet or ionizing radiation did not promote subsequent resistance or increased longevity. In dose-response studies, induced thermotolerance paralleled the induced increase in life expectancy, which is consistent with a common origin.
High specific power HTS electric machines (2017)

Wydawnictwo SIGMA-NOT wydaje czasopisma fachowe informujące swoich czytelników o najnowszych osiągnięciach naukowych i nowoczesnych rozwiązaniach technicznych w Polsce i na świecie, popularyzuje problemy techniczne oraz poszerza wiedzę i kulturę techniczną.
Automatic Distribution of Rendering Workloads in a Grid Enabled Collaborative Visualization Environment (2005)

This paper presents a distributed, collaborative grid enabled visualization environment that supports automated resource discovery across heterogeneous machines. Our Resource-Aware Visualization Environment (RAVE) runs as a background process using Grid/Web services, enabling us to share resources with other users rather than commandeering an entire machine. RAVE supports a wide range of machines, from hand-held PDAs to high-end servers with large-scale stereo, tracked displays. The local display device may render all, some or none of the data set remotely, depending on its available resources. This enables scientists and engineers to collaborate from their desks, in the field or in front of specialised immersive displays. We present initial results of our implementation, showing how we distribute complete datasets across multiple machines as required, using a central data service to distribute data updates from collaborating users. We will demonstrate RAVE at SC2004, utilising available heterogeneous resources.
Classifying Data to Reduce Long-Term Data Movement in Shingled Write Disks (2016)

Shingled magnetic recording (SMR) is a means of increasing the density of hard drives that brings a new set of challenges. Due to the nature of SMR disks, updating in place is not an option. Holes left by invalidated data can only be filled if the entire band is reclaimed, and a poor band compaction algorithm could result in spending a lot of time moving blocks over the lifetime of the device. We propose using write frequency to separate blocks to reduce data movement and develop a band compaction algorithm that implements this heuristic. We demonstrate how our algorithm results in improved data management, resulting in an up to 45% reduction in required data movements when compared to naive approaches to band management.
Multifrequency Optical Invisibility Cloak with Layered Plasmonic Shells (2008)

Here, we theoretically suggest the possibility of employing a multilayered plasmonic shell as a cloak for reducing the total scattering cross section of a particle, simultaneously at different frequencies in the optical domain. By exploiting the frequency dispersion of plasmonic materials and their inherent negative polarizability, it is shown, theoretically and with numerical simulations, how covering a dielectric or conducting object of a certain size with this multilayered cloak may reduce its "visibility" by several orders of magnitude simultaneously at multiple frequencies.
Incorporation of Biaryl Units into the 5′ and 3′ Ends of Sense and Antisense Strands of siRNA Duplexes Improves Strand Selectivity and Nuclease Resistance (2010)

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a noncoding RNA with considerable potential as a new therapeutic drug for intractable diseases. siRNAs can be rationally designed and synthesized if the sequences of the disease-causing genes are known. In this paper, we describe the synthesis and properties of siRNAs modified with biaryl units. We found that incorporation of biaryl units into the 5' and 3' ends of sense and antisense strands of siRNA duplexes improved strand selectivity and nuclease resistance.
Peanut proteins as food supplements: A compositional study of selected Virginia and Spanish peanuts (1976)

Abstract Three peanut cultivars (Virginia, red‐skinned, and white‐skinned Spanish) were analyzed and compared as potential protein supplements for food uses. The seeds were solvent‐extracted in the laboratory to yield defatted flours with 9–10% nitrogen contents. Protein isolates were prepared from the flours by subsequent extraction with dilute salt solutions buffered at pH 7.0. Various parameters were compared, such as total protein contents, soluble proteins, amino acid compositions of flours and protein isolates, free amino acids and free sugars of defatted flours, and certain trace minerals in flours and soluble proteins. The application of these results to the selection of certain types of peanuts for potential uses as protein supplements in food products is discussed.
Extended Nucleation of the 1999 <i>M</i> <sub>w</sub> 7.6 Izmit Earthquake (2011)

Laboratory and theoretical studies suggest that earthquakes are preceded by a phase of developing slip instability in which the fault slips slowly before accelerating to dynamic rupture. We report here that one of the best-recorded large earthquakes to date, the 1999 moment magnitude (M(w)) 7.6 Izmit (Turkey) earthquake, was preceded by a seismic signal of long duration that originated from the hypocenter. The signal consisted of a succession of repetitive seismic bursts, accelerating with time, and increased low-frequency seismic noise. These observations show that the earthquake was preceded for 44 minutes by a phase of slow slip occurring at the base of the brittle crust. This slip accelerated slowly initially, and then rapidly accelerated in the 2 minutes preceding the earthquake.
Life history and fatty acid composition of the marine rotifer Synchaeta cecilia valentina fed different algae (2000)

A strain of the marine rotifer Synchaeta cecdia valentina, isolated from 'El Hondo de Elche', a Spanish Mediterranean coastal lagoon, was cultured in the laboratory in 20 rnl test tubes, at 20C and 25 ppt salinity and fed wlth the algae Tetraselmis sp., T. chuii, Cryptomonas sp., Rhodomonas salina and R. baltica. The effects of these 5 algal diets and 3 food levels (2.1, 3.2 and 4.2 pg ml-' dry wt) on life history traits of this rotifer were studied in life tables performed with replicated individual cultures of 1 ml, at the temperature and salinity mentioned above. Algal diet had a significant effect on both average lifespan (LS) and net reproductive rate (Ro), but food concentration only had an effect on Ro. Tetraselmis sp. provided the best results: L S ranging from 4.4 to 6 d, R. from 10.9 to 12.8 offsping female-', and intrinsic growth rate (r) from 0.84 to 1.12 d.' S. cecilia valentina also grew w t h the remainder of the algae, except with R. baltica. With this alga the rotifer grew only in 500 m1 cultures performed at a higher food concentration (5.55 pg ml-' dry wt). The effect of the algal diet on the fatty acid composition of the rotifers was analysed to infer its nutritional value according to the changes induced by diet. Saturated fatty acids made up 34 to 40% of total fatty acids, whereas monoenes accounted for 15 to 23%, and polyunsaturated fatty acids constituted 20 to 29%. Main fatty acids were: 16:O (which ranged from 17 to 22%), 18:O (10 to 12%), and 18:l (8.5 to 12%). In certain algal treatments (both Tetraselmis species), the linolenic acid 18:3n-3 was moderately abundant (5 to 9%). Eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5n-3, was markedly lower in rotifers fed with R, baltica (less than 3 %), whereas docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3, was found in a higher proportion in Cryptomonas sp. (4 9%) and R. salina (3.4%) treatments. The nutritional value deduced from the lipid composition was similar to that reported in the literature for other rotifers such as Brachionusplicatilis.