gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parametric Evaluation of Heat Recovery Steam Generator (<scp>HRSG</scp>) (2013)

Abstract Thermal efficiency of a combined cycle power plant depends strongly on a heat recovery steam generator ( HRSG ), which is the link between the gas turbine‐based topping cycle and steam turbine‐based bottoming cycle. This work is based upon the design of physical parameters of a HRSG . In this article, the physical parameters of a HRSG have been considered to study their implications on HRSG design by comparing the existing plant design with an optimized plant design. Thermodynamic analysis of HRSG for the two designs gives important outcomes which are useful for power plant designers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj ). DOI 10.1002/htj.21106
Fullerene C<sub>60</sub>: Surface Energy and Interfacial Interactions in Aqueous Systems (2010)

The underlying mechanisms of fullerene-fullerene, fullerene-water, and fullerene-soil surface interactions in aqueous systems are not well understood. To advance our understanding of these interfacial interactions, the surface properties of Buckminsterfullerene (C60) and quartz surfaces were investigated. From application of the van Oss-Chaudhury-Good model and the Young-Dupre equation, the Lifshitz-van der Waals, acid-base, and the total surface energies of C60 powder and quartz surfaces were calculated from contact angle measurements using the sessile drop technique. C60 powder measurements indicate low to medium energy surfaces of 41.7 mJ/m2 with a dominant Lifshitz-van der Waals component. In aqueous systems, hydrophobic attraction due to the high cohesion of water is the driving force for C60 aggregation. The high free energy of hydration (DeltaG(pw)(total) = -90.5 mJ/m2) indicates the high affinity of C60 particles for water. Hamaker constants of 4.02 x 10(-21) J (A(pwp)) and 2.59 x 10(-21) J (A(pws)) were derived for C60-C60 and C60-quartz interactions in aqueous systems. The results of this study indicate that surface energy is an important physical parameter that should be considered as a basic characterization property of fullerene nanomaterials.
Electrodialysis of Amino Acids using Styrene-Butadiene Copolymer Ion-Exchange Membranes-Methods of Fundamental Operations- (1962)

スチレン・ブタジエン共重合系イオン交換膜を用いる電気透析法によるアミノ酸塩溶液から遊離アミノ酸の生成,アミノ酸溶液の濃縮,混合アミノ酸の群分離などについて一般実験操作法を提示した。
Development and Evaluation of the Interactive English Language Literacy System (i-ELLS) for online reading comprehension (2011)

i-ELLS (interactive English Language Literacy System) is a prototype that is developed based on empirical evidence of online literacy processes and reading strategies used by multilingual Malaysian readers reading for academic purposes. Based on these findings, several technological features such as discussion tools, real-time audio-visual chat, personal knowledge construction and annotation tools were developed for the prototype in order for the system to cater to the reading strategies identified. The i-ELLS prototype presents a novel way for readers to interact with online textual materials that can be personalized and interacted with in order to assist with literacy and comprehension. It is also designed for collaborative activities in order to maximize the benefits of online environments. It is currently being used in a postgraduate teaching and learning context at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. This paper reports on the development as well as the students’ overall evaluation on the use of the system. The feedback on the use of i-ELLS revealed positive and negative responses. These findings are important as they provide valuable insights on how students read online as well as the technology needed to support an online academic reading environment.
Collector-up HBT's fabricated by Be<sup>+</sup>and O<sup>+</sup>ion implantations (1986)

A novel collector-up (C-up) GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) has been developed and initial device results presented. This device has its extrinsic base defined by Be + and O + implantations. The combination of Be + / O + implantations and heat-pulse annealing is leading to a considerable reduction in the parasitic current and capacitance in the extrinsic base region. Improved device structure and performance expected from this device are discussed in detail.
Working-zone encoding for reducing the energy in microprocessor address buses (1998)

The energy consumption due to input-output pins is a substantial part of the overall chip consumption. To reduce this energy, this work presents the working-zone encoding (WZE) method for encoding an external address bus, based on the conjecture that programs favor a few working zones of their address space at each instant. In such cases, the method identifies these zones and sends through the bus only the offset of this reference with respect to the previous reference to that zone, along with an identifier of the current working zone. This is combined with a one-hot encoding for the offset. Several improvements to this basic strategy are also described. The approach has been applied to several address streams, broken down into instruction-only, data-only, and instruction-data traces, to evaluate the effect on separate and shared address buses. Moreover, the effect of instruction and data caches is evaluated. For the case without caches, the proposed scheme is specially beneficial for data address and shared buses, which are the cases where other codings are less effective. On the other hand, for the case with caches the best scheme for the instruction-only and data-only traces is the WZE, whereas for the instruction-data traces it is either the WZE or the bus-invert with four groups (depending on the energy overhead of these techniques).
Control of Minority Carrier Lifetime by Gold Implantation in Semiconductor Devices (1989)

Silicon wafer and devices have been implanted with gold ions and thermally processed in the 1073–1243 K temperature range. Resistivity profiles, leakage currents in p‐n junctions, and recombination lifetime have been measured as a function of the Au‐implanted dose, annealing temperature, and time. The use of ion implantation for the predeposition of the Au atoms allows a good control of the lifetime in a rather wide range of values. In addition, it is shown that it is very easy to generate flat gold profiles across the silicon wafers.
Stuxnet: Dissecting a Cyberwarfare Weapon (2011)

Last year marked a turning point in the history of cybersecurity-the arrival of the first cyber warfare weapon ever, known as Stuxnet. Not only was Stuxnet much more complex than any other piece of malware seen before, it also followed a completely new approach that's no longer aligned with conven tional confidentiality, integrity, and availability thinking. Con trary to initial belief, Stuxnet wasn't about industrial espionage: it didn't steal, manipulate, or erase information. Rather, Stuxnet's goal was to physically destroy a military target-not just meta phorically, but literally. Let's see how this was done.
Web-based Multiuser 3D Room Layout System Using Interactive Evolutionary Computation with Conjoint Analysis (2014)

In this paper, the authors propose a web-based 3D room layout system supporting the user preferences. To simulate the furniture and office layout, 3D layout systems are commonly used. However, generating 3D room layouts is a very time-consuming task because it needs complicated manual operations and much technical knowledge. Therefore, we need any tools that help us to easily generate 3D room layouts. The authors have been developing a 3D room layout system that has the following features:
Enhancement of current-perpendicular-to-plane giant magnetoresistance in Heusler-alloy based pseudo spin valves by using a CuZn spacer layer (2015)

Enhancement of magnetoresistance output was attained in current-perpendicular-to-plane giant magnetoresistance (CPP-GMR) devices by using a bcc CuZn alloy for the spacer. Pseudo spin valves that consisted of the Co2Fe(Ga0.5Ge0.5) Heusler alloy for ferromagnetic layers and CuZn alloy with the composition of Cu52.4Zn47.6 for a spacer showed the large change of the resistance-area products, ΔRA, up to 8 mΩ·μm2 for a low annealing temperature of 350 °C. The ΔRA value is one of the highest reported so far for the CPP-GMR devices for the low annealing temperature, which is essential for processing read heads for hard disk drives. We consider that the enhancement of ΔRA is produced from the spin-dependent resistance at the Co2Fe(Ga0.5Ge0.5)/CuZn interfaces.
Spontaneous production of 10-nm Si structures by plasma etching using self-formed masks (1997)

When a Si substrate is etched in a SF6 electron cyclotron resonance plasma with the sample maintained at ∼−130 °C, reaction products condense preferentially at nucleation sites on the surface, and automatically form etch masks. Si pillars, ∼10 nm in diameter and ∼0.1 μm high, are then formed. When deposited Au clusters (diameter=1.5±0.7 nm) are used as condensation nuclei, fabricated pillars with an average diameter of 9 nm, standard deviation of 1.5 nm, are formed. This remarkably narrow diameter distribution confirms that the phenomenon is useful in nanostructure formation, and that the process is compatible with electron beam lithography.
Determination of doping and mobility profiles by automatic electrical measurements and anodic stripping (1987)

An automatic apparatus has been set up for electrical profile measurements. After measuring sheet resistance and Hall voltage before and after the stripping of silicon by anodic oxidation, the authors calculate the concentration and the mobility of free carriers using a microcomputer that also enables the automation of the process. Comparison of the results with other methods is also presented.
Serotonin: A Mediator of The Brain–Gut Connection (2000)

Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA Reprint requests and correspondence: Michael Camilleri, MD, Mayo Clinic, GI Unit - Alfred 2-435, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905. Received 22 March 2000; accepted 21 June 2000
Excitatory amino acids, TNF-<i>α</i>, and chemokine levels in synovial fluids of patients with active arthropathies (2004)

The aim of this study was to assess the synovial fluid (SF) neurotransmitter excitatory amino acid (EAA) levels, including glutamate (Glu) and aspartate (Asp), in the context of SF levels of other amino acids, TNF-alpha and chemokines from patients with active arthropathies. The SF was collected from patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA), gout, or osteoarthritis (OA). The SF samples were analysed for levels of neurotransmitters glutamate and aspartate, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Regulated upon Activation Normally T-cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES), macrophage inhibitory factor-1 alpha (MIP-1alpha) and interleukin 8 (IL-8). SF WBC counts were also determined. Correlations between SF EAA, TNF-alpha and chemokines were determined by the Pearson product-moment correlation. Primary cultures derived from SF from active RA and gout patients were incubated with added l-glutamate, to assess if exposure to Glu could increase TNF-alpha levels. There were significant elevations in SF EAA, SF TNF-alpha and SF RANTES in RA patients compared to gout or OA patients. Significant correlations between SF EAA and SF RANTES, MIP-1alpha and IL-8 levels were seen, and SF EAA and SF TNF-alpha or SF WBC levels approached significance. Addition of exogenous neurotransmitter glutamate significantly increased TNF-alpha levels in primary cell cultures derived from RA and gout patients. The SF neurotransmitter EAA levels significantly correlated to selected SF chemokine levels, in clinically active RA, gout and OA patients, independent of disease. Added Glu resulted in significantly increased TNF-alpha levels in primary synovial cell cultures. These data expand the relationship of SF neurotransmitter EAA levels to SF cytokines and chemokines in patients with clinically active arthritis, and suggest that neurotransmitters Glu and Asp contribute to peripheral inflammatory processes.
Equilibrium constants for methyl tert-butyl ether liquid-phase synthesis (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEquilibrium constants for methyl tert-butyl ether liquid-phase synthesisJose Felipe Izquierdo, Fidel Cunill, Meritxell Vila, Javier Tejero, and Montserrat IborraCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1992, 37, 3, 339–343Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je00007a019https://doi.org/10.1021/je00007a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views653Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Darstellung von <i>N</i>‐tert.‐Alkyloxycarbonyl‐aminosäuren mit Hilfe von tert.‐Butyl‐ und tert.‐Amyl‐chinolyl‐(8)‐carbonat (1968)

Abstract Es wird eine Methode zur Herstellung von tert.‐Butyl‐ und tert.‐Amyl‐chinolyl‐(8)‐carbonat beschrieben, mit welchen einige N ‐tert.‐Butyloxycarbonyl‐(Boc) und N ‐tert.‐Amyloxycarbonyl‐(Aoc)‐aminosäuren (Tab. 1) synthetisiert wurden. Die Darstellung von N ϵ ‐geschütztem Lysin gelingt so besonders einfach.
Filter Optimization for Carrier-Frequency- and Timing-Offset in Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier Systems (2015)

Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC) is a novel multi-carrier modulation technique which can be seen as a generalization of filtered OFDM and filter bank based multicarrier (FBMC-FMT). Being a candidate waveform technology for 5G wireless systems, it combines the simplicity of OFDM with the advantages of FBMC. The FIR-filter, used in UFMC to filter a group of subcarriers, is a key design parameter to gain more robustness in relaxed synchronization conditions, i.e. timefrequency misalignment. It was shown in previous work that very significant SIR improvement can be achieved for UFMC by optimizing the FIR-filter, taking carrier frequency offset into account. In this paper, we optimize the FIR-filter design in UFMC by taking both carrier frequency and timing offset into account in an uplink multi-user FDMA scenario. From the simulation results, up to 3.6 dB SIR improvement can be achieved with the optimized FIR filter compared to UFMC with non-optimized Dolph-Chebyshev filter and 15.1 dB SIR gain against classical CP-OFDM system respectively, provided that the normalized carrier frequency and timing offset are uniformly distributed in the interval ±5%.
The atherogenic effects of chlamydia are dependent on serum cholesterol and specific to Chlamydia pneumoniae (1999)

Epidemiological investigations have linked Chlamydia pneumoniae infection to atherosclerosis. It is not clear, however, whether C. pneumoniae infection plays a causal role in the development of atherosclerosis. Mice with low-density lipoprotein receptor deficiency were induced to develop atherosclerotic lesions in aorta with a cholesterol-enriched diet that increased serum cholesterol by two- to threefold. Using this mouse model, we found that the chlamydial infection alone with either the C. pneumoniae AR39 or the C. trachomatis MoPn strain failed to induce any significant atherosclerotic lesions in aorta over a period of nine months. However, in the presence of a high-cholesterol diet, infection with the C. pneumoniae AR39 strain significantly exacerbated the hypercholesterolemia-induced atherosclerosis, demonstrating that a hypercholesterolemic condition is required for the C. pneumoniae to aggravate the development of atherosclerosis. Although both AR39 and MoPn antigens were detected in aorta of mice infected with the corresponding strains, only mice infected with the C. pneumoniae strain AR39 displayed enhanced atherosclerotic lesions, suggesting that the C. pneumoniae species may possess a unique atherogenic property. This study may provide a model for further understanding the mechanisms of C. pneumoniae atherogenesis and evaluating chlamydial intervention strategies for preventing the advancement of atherosclerotic lesions enhanced by C. pneumoniae infection.
Scan test sequencing hardware for structural test (2002)

This paper introduces a new hardware implementation for scan test sequencing within a tester. Instead of providing a monolithic scan memory with linear readback capabilities, the proposed test architecture uses dedicated scan test sequencing hardware to provide "on-the-fly" scan test sequencing. The approach is aimed not only at providing a more flexible test hardware solution, but at reducing the cost of structural test by significantly reducing scan memory size requirements.
List-Based Simulated Annealing Algorithm for Traveling Salesman Problem (2016)

Simulated annealing (SA) algorithm is a popular intelligent optimization algorithm which has been successfully applied in many fields. Parameters' setting is a key factor for its performance, but it is also a tedious work. To simplify parameters setting, we present a list-based simulated annealing (LBSA) algorithm to solve traveling salesman problem (TSP). LBSA algorithm uses a novel list-based cooling schedule to control the decrease of temperature. Specifically, a list of temperatures is created first, and then the maximum temperature in list is used by Metropolis acceptance criterion to decide whether to accept a candidate solution. The temperature list is adapted iteratively according to the topology of the solution space of the problem. The effectiveness and the parameter sensitivity of the list-based cooling schedule are illustrated through benchmark TSP problems. The LBSA algorithm, whose performance is robust on a wide range of parameter values, shows competitive performance compared with some other state-of-the-art algorithms.
Production of Thin Oxide Films by Sputtering in A Ring Discharge (1974)

Very high deposition rates are obtained in a system based on the erosion of cavities into which an induced discharge is maintained. Applications to refractory and mixed oxides are described. A sputtering mechanism is suggested.
Self-tuning control for active steering of a railway vehicle with solid-axle wheelsets (2008)

The instability caused by the conical (or profiled) shape of a solid-axle railway wheelset can be overcome by proper design of the vehicle's primary suspension system but is generally difficult as some of the wheelset parameters, namely the conicity and creep coefficients, are time-varying. To maintain the wheelset stability at high speeds and satisfactory curving performance simultaneously over the whole range of the parameters' variations, the self-tuning linear-quadratic regulator (S-T LQR) for the primary suspension system of a high-speed two-axle railway vehicle has been developed. The objective of the controller was to minimize the lateral displacement of the wheelset relative to track centerline and its yaw angle, on straight and curved tracks. The Continuous-time Least-Absolute Error with Variable Forgetting Factor (C-T LAE+VFF) estimation algorithm has been used to estimate the wheelset parameters before being used in the calculation of the linear quadratic feedback control gain matrix. The simulation results show that the S-T LQR performed better than the fixed-gain LQR for both the conical and profiled wheelset, suggesting that the ability to estimate the time-varying wheelset parameters and use them in the feedback controller design is necessary to produce better primary suspension control performance.
<title>rf optoelectronic transmitter and receiver arrays on silicon wafer boards</title> (1996)

Silicon waferboard technology based on etched and deposited passive-alignment features has been applied to the fabrication of optoelectronic transmitter and receiver arrays for rf applications. Using silicon waferboards, we have aligned both 1 by 4 buried-heterostructure laser arrays and 1 by 4 PIN photodetector arrays to optical fiber ribbons. Besides serving as mechanical carriers and alignment guides, the silicon wafers can also be used as rf or microwave substrates. We introduce rf-optoelectronic receiver arrays based on such enhanced silicon waferboards.
Metal-Insulator-Metal-Based Plasmonic Metamaterial Absorbers at Visible and Infrared Wavelengths: A Review (2018)

Electromagnetic wave absorbers have been investigated for many years with the aim of achieving high absorbance and tunability of both the absorption wavelength and the operation mode by geometrical control, small and thin absorber volume, and simple fabrication. There is particular interest in metal-insulator-metal-based plasmonic metamaterial absorbers (MIM-PMAs) due to their complete fulfillment of these demands. MIM-PMAs consist of top periodic micropatches, a middle dielectric layer, and a bottom reflector layer to generate strong localized surface plasmon resonance at absorption wavelengths. In particular, in the visible and infrared (IR) wavelength regions, a wide range of applications is expected, such as solar cells, refractive index sensors, optical camouflage, cloaking, optical switches, color pixels, thermal IR sensors, IR microscopy and gas sensing. The promising properties of MIM-PMAs are attributed to the simple plasmonic resonance localized at the top micropatch resonators formed by the MIMs. Here, various types of MIM-PMAs are reviewed in terms of their historical background, basic physics, operation mode design, and future challenges to clarify their underlying basic design principles and introduce various applications. The principles presented in this review paper can be applied to other wavelength regions such as the ultraviolet, terahertz, and microwave regions.
Cationic amphiphilic drugs self-assemble to the core–shell interface of PEGylated phospholipid micelles and stabilize micellar structure (2013)

Since polymeric micelles are promising and have potential in drug delivery systems, people have become more interested in studying the compatibility of polymeric carriers and drugs, which might help them to simplify the preparation method and increase the micellar stability. In this article, we report that cationic amphiphilic drugs can be easily encapsulated into PEGylated phospholipid (PEG-PE) micelles by self-assembly method and that they show high encapsulation efficiency, controllable drug release and better micellar stability than empty micelles. The representative drugs are doxorubicin and vinorelbine. However, gemcitabine and topotecan are not suitable for PEG-PE micelles due to lack of positive charge or hydrophobicity. Using a series of experiments and molecular modelling, we figured out the assembly mechanism, structure and stability of drug-loaded micelles, and the location of drugs in micelles. Integrating the above information, we explain the effect of the predominant force between drugs and polymers on the assembly mechanism and drug release behaviour. Furthermore, we discuss the importance of pKa and to evaluate the compatibility of drugs with PEG-PE in self-assembly preparation method. In summary, this work provides a scientific understanding for the reasonable designing of PEG-PE micelle-based drug encapsulation and might enlighten the future study on drug-polymer compatibility for other polymeric micelles.