gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential roles of trans-phosphorylated EGFR, HER2, HER3, and RET as heterodimerisation partners of MET in lung cancer with MET amplification (2011)

Our data suggest that heterodimers of MET with EGFR, HER2, HER3, or RET have differential roles in tumour development, and they provide new insight into the function of trans-phosphorylated RTKs as heterodimerisation partners of MET in lung cancer with MET amplification.
High-power low-divergence superradiance diode (1982)

Using a combination of antireflection coating and proton implantation techniques, GaAlAs double-heterostructure lasers are fabricated to operate in superradiant mode. Light output, in excess of seven milliwatts, is obtained with spectral half-power widths of 15–20 nm. This implies extremely short coherence lengths of less than 50 μm. Such a short coherence length light source should be very useful for many applications in fiber sensors and fiber optic communications. In particular, it has produced marked reduction (better than 15 dB) of coherent Rayleigh backscattering noise in a single-mode fiber. Since the laser operates in superradiant mode, the output light is only partially polarized, another unique characteristic that is important for fiber gyroscopes. The typical light output angle of 30°×50° also provides easy coupling into fibers. Coupling efficiencies of 80% into multimode fiber and over 20% into single-mode fiber have been achieved.
Rapid Enumeration of Respiratory Viruses (2002)

Virus detection and enumeration has become increasingly important in fields ranging from medicine and biotechnology to environmental science. Although there are a wide variety of techniques that can be used to count viruses, there is demand for a rapid and more accurate means for virus enumeration. In this work, the performance of a flow cytometer that was designed and custom-built specifically for rapid detection of single viruses was evaluated. The instrument, designated a single nanometric particle enumerator (SNaPE), was characterized and calibrated using fluorescent polystyrene nanospheres. The reliability of the instrument with respect to virus enumeration was demonstrated for three medically relevant viruses, adenovirus-5, respiratory syncytial virus, and influenza A, treated with a fluorescent nucleotide stain. In each case, the SNaPE yielded a virus particle concentration consistent with, but slightly lower than, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results, as expected. In addition, on the basis of calibration of signal intensity, the average peak height for a given virus was correlated with genome size, as expected. In contrast to time-consuming analyses such as TEM and plaque titers, SNaPE analysis of pure virus samples (including sample handling, data collection, and data processing) can be completed within 1 h.
A 4-Mb pseudo SRAM operating at 2.6+or-1 V with 3- mu A data retention current (1991)

A 4-Mb pseudo static RAM (PSRAM) suitable for universal battery usage is described. The wide voltage range, 2.6+or-1 V, is set to target the power supply voltage of the PSRAM considering various voltage levels and charging-discharging characteristics of batteries. A double-to-single automatically switchable booster is developed to provide the wide voltage range operation. To reduce the power dissipation of data retention for battery usage a low-power back-bias generator with a new substrate-level sensor and a temperature-dependent self-refresh timer with a unique internal refresh control scheme are demonstrated. A PSRAM operation ranging from 1 V to more than 5 V was obtained and a 3- mu A data retention current was realized at room temperature in contrast with 7 mu A at 70 degrees C and V/sub cc/ of 2.6 V. This PSRAM allows a 20-Mbyte RAM disk to retain data for two months with a single lithium battery.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A SIMPLIFIED METHOD FOR MEASURING BASOPHIL HISTAMINE RELEASE AND BLOCKING ANTIBODIES IN HAY FEVER PATIENTS. BASOPHIL HISTAMINE CONTENT AND CELL PRESERVATION (1977)

A simplified method for measuring basophil histamine release in grass pollen hay fever patients has been developed. Leukocytes were challenged in vitro with extracts of Phleum pratense (timothy) and the release of histamine was determined indirectly as the residual histamine in the cell sediment. Several steps to purify histamine thus became superfluous and histamine was directly conjugated with o-phthaldialdehyde to form a fluorophore. The simplified method showed a basophil histamine content which was in accordance with results obtained by more specific methods. No difference in basophil histamine content was found between normal and allergic persons. For the histamine liberation assay blood could be adequately preserved for transport for 48 h at room temperature by adding cell culture medium. Basophil histamine release technique allows evaluation of cell sensitivity for determination of the degree of allergy as well as the level of blocking antibodies.
Wavelength assignment and generalized interval graph coloring (2003)

In this paper we study wavelength assignment on an optical linesystem without wavelength conversion. Consider a set of undirected demands along the line. Each demand is carried on a wavelength and any two overlapping demands on the same fiber require distinct wavelengths. Suppose μ wavelengths are available in the system and each fiber can carry all μ wavelengths. We define e(e), the load on link e, to be the smallest integer such that e(e)μ is at least the number of demands passing through e. Hence, e(e) is the minimum number of fibers required on e in order to support all demands.We present a polynomial-time wavelength assignment algorithm that guarantees each wavelength appears at most e(e) times on each link e. (This generalizes the well-known fact that interval graphs are perfect.) In the presence of MOADMs (mesh optical add/drop multiplexers), devices that multiplex distinct wavelengths from different fibers into a new fiber, we only need to deploy e(e) fibers per link. On the other hand, if each demand has to stay on a single fiber, as is the case without MOADMs, we show that some links may require more than e(e) fibers. In fact, we show that it is NP-complete to decide if a set of demands can be carried on a given set of fibers, or if there exists a set of fibers with a given total length that can carry all the demands.
The<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>Complex-Restricted Gene<i>cfp32</i>Encodes an Expressed Protein That Is Detectable inTuberculosis Patients and Is Positively Correlated with PulmonaryInterleukin-10 (2003)

Human tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a subspecies of the M. tuberculosis complex (MTC) of mycobacteria. Postgenomic dissection of the M. tuberculosis proteome is ongoing and critical to furthering our understanding of factors mediating M. tuberculosis pathobiology. Towards this end, a 32-kDa putative glyoxalase in the culture filtrate (CF) of growing M. tuberculosis (originally annotated as Rv0577 and hereafter designated CFP32) was identified, cloned, and characterized. The cfp32 gene is MTC restricted, and the gene product is expressed ex vivo as determined by the respective Southern and Western blot testing of an assortment of mycobacteria. Moreover, the cfp32 gene sequence is conserved within the MTC, as no polymorphisms were found in the tested cfp32 PCR products upon sequence analysis. Western blotting of M. tuberculosis subcellular fractions localized CFP32 predominantly to the CF and cytosolic compartments. Data to support the in vivo expression of CFP32 were provided by the serum recognition of recombinant CFP32 in 32% of TB patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as well as the direct detection of CFP32 by ELISA in the induced sputum samples from 56% of pulmonary TB patients. Of greatest interest was the observation that, per sample, sputum CFP32 levels (a potential indicator of increasing bacterial burden) correlated with levels of expression in sputum of interleukin-10 (an immunosuppressive cytokine and a putative contributing factor to disease progression) but not levels of gamma interferon (a key cytokine in the protective immune response in TB), as measured by ELISA. Combined, these data suggest that CFP32 serves a necessary biological function(s) in tubercle bacilli and may contribute to the M. tuberculosis pathogenic mechanism. Overall, CFP32 is an attractive target for drug and vaccine design as well as new diagnostic strategies.
Localized Mucosal Response to Intranasal Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine in Adults (2012)

Protection by LAIV is likely provided through mucosal IgA and not by increases in systemic IgG. LAIV induces local inflammation. Seroconversion is achieved in a small fraction of subjects with a lower serum G-CSF level.
Molecular Signatures of Pancreatic Cancer (2011)

In this review, we briefly summarize recent research findings on the genetics and epigenetics of pancreatic cancer. In addition, we characterize these molecular alterations in the context of the histologic subtypes of pancreatic cancer.
Determination of Proton Affinity Distributions for Chemical Systems in Aqueous Environments Using a Stable Numerical Solution of the Adsorption Integral Equation (1995)

A stable numerical method for the solution of the adsorption integral equation (SAIEUS) is applied to the analysis of potentiometric titration data. A continuous distribution of acidic constants is assumed. The method combines the regularization principle with the B-spline representation of the distribution function. The resolution and reliability of the method are tested on the data obtained for citric acid which is treated as an organic standard. The pK distribution obtained for citric acid consists of three well-separated narrow peaks at pK values corresponding to its pK constants. Integrated areas of the peaks are in excellent agreement with the stoichiometric composition of citric acid. The applicability of the method for characterization of the acidic properties of different materials is further demonstrated using example potentiometric titration data obtained for an ion exchanger, clay minerals, and oxidized activated carbon. The approach presented enables one to assess both qualitatively and quantitatively the number and strength of acidic sites.
Bayesian networks classifiers for gene-expression data (2011)

In this work, we study the application of Bayesian networks classifiers for gene expression data in three ways: first, we made an exhaustive state-of-art of Bayesian classifiers and Bayesian classifiers induced from microarray data. Second, we propose a preprocessing scheme for gene expression data, to induce Bayesian classifiers. Third, we evaluate different Bayesian classifiers for this kind of data, including the C-RPDAG classifier presented by the authors.
Outcome after percutaneous closure of a patent foramen ovale using the Intrasept™ device (2008)

This multi-centre study suggests that percutaneous closure of a symptomatic PFO with the fourth generation Intrasept device is safe and might be effective to prevent the recurrence of paradoxical thrombo-embolic events.
Matching web site structure and content (2004)

To keep an overview of a complex corporate web sites, it is crucial to understand the relationship of contents, structure and the user's behavior. In this paper, we describe an approach which is allowing us to compare web page content with the information implictly defined by the structure of the web site. We start by describing each web page with a set of key words. We combine this information with the link structure in an algorithm generating a context based description. By comparing both descriptions, we draw conclusions about the semantic relationship of a web page and its neighbourhood. In this way, we indicate whether a page fits in the content of its neighbourhood. Doing this, we implicitly identify topics which span over several connected web pages. With our approach we support redesign processes by assessing the actual structure and content of a web site with designer's concepts.
Photoresponses of transgenic <i>Arabidopsis</i> seedlings expressing introduced phytochrome B‐encoding cDNAs: evidence that phytochrome A and phytochrome B have distinct photoregulatory functions (1993)

The photocontrol of hypocotyl elongation has been studied in two transgenic lines of Arabidopsis thaliana which contain elevated levels of phytochrome B encoded by either an introduced rice‐ or Arabidopsis ‐derived cDNA driven by the 35S CaMV promoter. Inhibition of hypocotyl growth in etiolated seedlings of the phyB ‐transformed lines was saturated at photon fluence rates of continuous red light (R) which were markedly lower than those required for inhibition of growth in seedlings of the isogenic wild‐type (WT). Inhibition of hypocotyl growth in etiolated seedlings of the phyB ‐transgenic lines under continuous far‐red irradiation (FR), however, showed the same relationship with fluence rate as WT. Light‐grown seedlings of the phyB ‐transgenic lines responded to end‐of‐day FR by an acceleration of growth, in a manner comparable with WT. This response was unaltered when the end‐of‐day FR was extended from a 15 min pulse to 14 h of continuous irradiation. The response of light‐grown, phyB ‐transformed seedlings to decreasing R:FR ratio was also qualitatively similar to WT, i.e. increased elongation growth of the hypocotyl and petioles occurred under low R:FR quantum ratio. However, absolute elongation growth was markedly less in the transgenic seedlings at all R:FR ratios tested than in WT. Together, these data indicate that seedlings over‐expressing phytochrome B are more responsive to R than are WT, but are unaltered in their responsiveness to FR. By contrast, seedlings overexpressing phytochrome A are more responsive than WT to both R and FR; whereas the phytochrome B‐deficient mutant hy3 is unresponsive to R while retaining WT‐like responsiveness to FR. These data indicate that in WT etiolated seedlings phytochrome A mediates the effects of continuous FR, and phytochrome B the effects of continuous R. The evidence thus supports the conclusion that these two molecular species of the photoreceptor have differential regulatory roles in the plant.
Anisotropic magnetoresistance driven by surface spin-orbit scattering (2015)

In a bilayer consisting of an insulator and a ferromagnetic metal (FM), interfacial spin-orbit scattering leads to spin mixing of the two conducting channels of the FM, which results in an unconventional anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR). We theoretically investigate the magnetotransport in such bilayer structures by solving the spinor Boltzmann transport equation with the generalized Fuchs-Sondheimer boundary condition that takes into account the effect of spin-orbit scattering at the interface. We find that the new AMR exhibits a peculiar angular dependence which can serve as a genuine experimental signature. We also determine the dependence of the AMR on film thickness as well as resistivity spin asymmetry of the FM.
Progress in treating HBV by RNAi technologies (2011)

Hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is a worldwide health problem.There are estimated 400 million chronic HBV infected patients all over the world,especially in China,with a high infection rate of 9.8%.RNA interference(RNAi) can specifically suppress or even knockdown gene expression,and thus has the potential of treating HBV infection.Many studies have been conducted to design or screen effective siRNAs,which targeted HBV genes and the host genes associated with HBV.In this review,we briefly address the progress of RNAi in HBV infection treatment.
Generative and Stabilizing Processes in Tin-Palladium Sols and Palladium Sol Sensitizers (1973)

An extensive study of sol systems produced by the reduction of solvated Pd by Sn2+ is presented. We show that the reaction is initiated by the formation of a polynuclear Sn‐Pd complex, which is autoreductive, yielding sol particles of a Sn‐Pd alloy core with a stabilizing layer of Sn2+ ions. The role of the Sn2+ stabilizing layer in controlling particle size is discussed in detail. We apply the knowledge of these systems to understand similar processes occurring in commercial Pd sol systems used for sensitizing insulating surfaces for electroless plating. The chemistry of the sensitizing layer generated by these systems has also been studied. The sol sedimentation rate has been studied by centrifugation. Most of the investigation has been carried out via Mössbauer spectroscopy; precise isomer shift parameters for a number of Sn‐Pd compounds are reported.
Identification of p60 antibodies in human sera and presentation of this listerial antigen on the surface of attenuated salmonellae by the HlyB-HlyD secretion system (1992)

Antibodies directed against the major secreted protein of Listeria monocytogenes, termed p60, were found more frequently than antilisteriolysin antibodies in sera of listeriosis patients. Anti-p60 antibodies were also identified in all tested sera from healthy individuals. To test whether p60 provides protection against L. monocytogenes, we constructed an attenuated Salmonella typhimurium aroA strain which secretes p60 via the Escherichia coli hemolysin secretion pathway. Application of this Salmonella strain to BALB/c mice prior to an L. monocytogenes infection induced p60 antibodies in these mice and led to a significantly reduced number of viable bacteria in the spleen compared with that in control animals which were primed with the S. typhimurium aroA strain alone.
The role of interleukin 12 and nitric oxide in the development of spontaneous autoimmune disease in MRL/MP-lpr/lpr mice. (1996)

MRL/MP-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) mice develop a spontaneous autoimmune disease. Serum from these mice contained significantly higher concentrations of nitrite/nitrate than serum from age-matched control MRL/MP-+/+ (MRL/+), BALB/c or CBA/6J mice. Spleen and peritoneal cells from MRL/lpr mice also produced significantly more nitric oxide (NO) than those from the control mice when cultured with interferon (IFN) gamma and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. It is interesting to note that peritoneal cells from MRL/lpr mice also produced markedly higher concentrations of interleukin (IL) 12 than those from MRL/+ or BALB/c mice when cultured with same stimuli. It is striking that cells from MRL/lpr mice produced high concentrations of NO when cultured cells from MRL/+ or BALB/c mice. The enhanced NO synthesis induced by IFN-gamma/LPS was substantially inhibited by anti-IL-12 antibody. In addition, IL-12-induced NO production can also be markedly inhibited by anti-IFN-gamma antibody, but only weakly inhibited by anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha antibody. The effect of IL-12 on NO production was dependent on the presence of natural killer and possibly T cells. Serum from MRL/lpr mice contained significantly higher concentrations of IL-12 compared with those of MRL/+ or BALB/c control mice. Daily injection of recombinant IL-12 led to increased serum levels of IFN-gamma and NO metabolites, and accelerated glomerulonephritis in the young MRL/lpr mice (but not in the MRL/+ mice) compared with controls injected with phosphate-buffered saline alone. These data, together with previous finding that NO synthase inhibitors can ameliorate autoimmune disease in MRL/lpr mice, suggest that high capacity of such mice to produce IL-12 and their greater responsiveness to IL-12, leading to the production of high concentrations of NO, are important factors in this spontaneous model of autoimmune disease.
Laboratory for the qualification-testing of spds combining highest power performance parameters with unique fine adjustment possibilities (2014)

The “class I and II operating duty tests” according to IEC/EN 61643-11, chapter 8.3.4.3 is an essential test for the qualification of surge protective devices (SPDs) connected to low-voltage power systems (LVPS). To perform this test a setup is required which offers the possibility to stress the SPD with defined surge-current impulses while it is connected to a power supply simulating the characteristic of the real LVPS in which the SPD should operate. In this regard, a new test facility was designed and constructed as a part of a newly built technology center for surge protection. One feature of this test facility is its unique 50 Hz power system (PS) which provides fine adjustment possibilities for the test voltage, the short-circuit current and the power factor in a wide range of values. Its technical design and performance are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the technical implementation of the required coupling of the PS with a surge-current generator is presented. This addresses technical measures to protect the PS against electrical stress due to partial surge currents which can occur under certain circumstances during the above mentioned test procedure. Finally, test results obtained from lightning current arresters based on spark-gap technology are presented to demonstrate the performance of the test facility.
Enzymes in the NAD+ Salvage Pathway Regulate SIRT1 Activity at Target Gene Promoters (2009)

In mammals, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 1 (NMNAT-1) constitute a nuclear NAD(+) salvage pathway which regulates the functions of NAD(+)-dependent enzymes such as the protein deacetylase SIRT1. One of the major functions of SIRT1 is to regulate target gene transcription through modification of chromatin-associated proteins. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which NAD(+) biosynthetic enzymes regulate SIRT1 activity to control gene transcription in the nucleus. In this study we show that stable short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of NAMPT or NMNAT-1 in MCF-7 breast cancer cells reduces total cellular NAD(+) levels and alters global patterns of gene expression. Furthermore, we show that SIRT1 plays a key role in mediating the gene regulatory effects of NAMPT and NMNAT-1. Specifically, we found that SIRT1 binds to the promoters of genes commonly regulated by NAMPT, NMNAT-1, and SIRT1 and that SIRT1 histone deacetylase activity is regulated by NAMPT and NMNAT-1 at these promoters. Most significantly, NMNAT-1 interacts with, and is recruited to target gene promoters by SIRT1. Collectively, our results reveal a mechanism for the direct control of SIRT1 deacetylase activity at a set of target gene promoters by NMNAT-1. This mechanism, in collaboration with NAMPT-dependent regulation of nuclear NAD(+) production, establishes an important pathway for transcription regulation by NAD(+).
Natural convection in a sloping porous layer (1973)

This paper describes an experimental and theoretical study of thermal convection in a sloping porous layer. The saturated layer is bounded by two parallel impermeable planes maintained at different temperatures. Several types of flows were observed: a unicellular movement and a juxtaposition of longitudinal coils or of polyhedral cells. A theoretical analysis has been made using the standard bases of the linear theory of stability and by taking into account some assumptions suggested by experimental observations. The critical conditions for the transition between unicellular and polycellular flows has been determined. For flow in longitudinal coils or with polyhedral cells the average heat transfer depends mainly on the filtration Rayleigh number and on the slope of the layer. The experimental study was made in a Rayleigh number range 0–800 and for various slopes (0–90°). For both the transition criterion and the heat transfer, a good fit was observed between the experimental and theoretical results. For maximum slope, i.e. 90°, a correlation which connects the Nusselt number with both the Rayleigh number and the vertical extent of the model is proposed.