gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell-free protein synthesis from a single copy of DNA in a glass microchamber (2012)

To achieve a cell-mimetic reaction environment, we fabricated and tested quartz microchambers for conducting protein synthesis using an in vitro transcription and translation system, the PURE system. By introducing a glass microchamber and blocking the surface of the chamber with amino acids, the concentration of the synthesized marker protein (green fluorescent protein, GFP) was significantly improved compared to that in the poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microchamber. The concentration was below the detection limit in the PDMS microchambers, whereas the glass microchambers yielded 700 nM GFP, representing 41% of the bulk reaction. There was no detectable difference when the GFP synthesis was performed in microchambers with sizes ranging from 40 fL to 7 pL, indicating that the present microchamber system can serve as a cell-sized test tube with a variable reaction volume. Finally, we demonstrated that two different proteins, GFP and β-galactosidase, can be expressed from single genes in our experimental setup. Quantized and distinctive signals from proteins synthesized from 0, 1, or 2 copies of genes were obtained. The microchamber presented here can be utilized not only to study the effects of compartment volume on protein synthesis but also for the comprehensive analysis of complex biochemical reactions in cell-mimetic environments.
Trade-off between sensitivity and dynamic range in designing digital radar receivers (2008)

For optimizing a radar system and the digital radar receiver in particular, the designer is always confronted with trade-offs between sensitivity and dynamic range. In the paper the impact of effective noise figure of the Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) on receiver performance is discussed. Next different definitions of dynamic range are presented. An S-band IF sampling digital receiver for different scenarios is analyzed and compared theoretically. A scenario for studying the compromise between sensitivity and dynamic range is proposed and simulated using Agilent Advanced Design System (ADS) simulation software. Finally, simulation results are presented to demonstrate the validity of the theoretical analysis.
Temperature dependence of the spin-dependent scattering in Co/Cu multilayers determined from perpendicular-giant-magnetoresistance experiments (1994)

We have fabricated pillarlike microstructures in Co/Cu multilayers and measured the giant magnetoresistance effect with the current perpendicular to the multilayer plane from 4 K up to 300 K. We analyze the temperature dependence of the magnetoresistance, using a model of Fert and Campbell, originally proposed for magnetic alloys. We find that the temperature-dependent scattering rates are strongly spin dependent, which explains the relatively weak decrease with temperature of the giant magnetoresistance of Co/Cu.
Suppressive Effects of Ethanolic Extracts from Propolis and Its Main Botanical Origin on Dioxin Toxicity (2005)

Suppressive effects of ethanolic extracts prepared from propolis group 12 and its main botanical origin (leaf bud of Baccharis dracunculifolia) on transformation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), the initial action of dioxin toxicity, were investigated. It was found that suppressive effects of propolis on AhR transformation were relatively higher than those of resins of its botanical origin in cell-free system and in Hepa-1c1c7 cells. When the composition of chemical ingredients was measured, propolis contained slightly higher amounts of flavonoid aglycones as compared with its botanical origin with the same characteristics. Moreover, antiradical activity, one of the typical biological activities of flavonoids, in propolis was also slightly higher than that in its botanical origin. These results indicate that not only propolis but also its botanical origin contains high amounts of flavonoid aglycones and that both of them are useful dietary sources for flavonoids with a potency to prevent dioxin toxicity.
The Alkylation of 2-Amino-6-chloropurine with Alcohols by Mitsunobu Reaction for a Synthesis of Carbocyclic Guanosine Analogs (1993)

Mitsunobu reaction of 2-amino-6-chloropurine with various alcohols which provides a convenient method for a synthesis of carbocyclic or acyclic guanosine analogs is described
Disturbance free operation of a multiphase current regulated motor drive with an opened phase (2002)

An improved induction motor control strategy is proposed incorporating a multiphase machine which allows for continuous, disturbance free operation of the drive even with complete loss of one (or more) legs of the inverter or motor phase. A complete analysis of both even phase and odd phase machines utilizing this control and circuit concept is presented. By using a five-phase or a seven-phase machine, it is possible to take advantage of the additional degrees of freedom as a result of more phases. It is shown that when one phase is open circuited, with appropriate control, the zero sequence current is no longer a necessary component as in a three-phase machine. That is, one can eliminate the need for a neutral line and the machine can still be controlled so as to produce a smooth nonpulsating torque. It has also been determined that the ratings of motor and inverter will both benefit by the use of extra phases.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bayesian query-focused summarization (2006)

We present BAYESUM (for "Bayesian summarization"), a model for sentence extraction in query-focused summarization. BAYESUM leverages the common case in which multiple documents are relevant to a single query. Using these documents as reinforcement for query terms, BAYESUM is not afflicted by the paucity of information in short queries. We show that approximate inference in BAYESUM is possible on large data sets and results in a stateof-the-art summarization system. Furthermore, we show how BAYESUM can be understood as a justified query expansion technique in the language modeling for IR framework.
Display Holography An SPIE Critical Review Of Technology (1985)

Holography has been enjoying an explosion of public interest over the past two years, especially as the number of three-dimensional laser photographs in peoples' homes has increased dramatically. Underlying this public perception of progress has been an authentic and gradual development of holographic imaging technology, but it is fair to say that holographers are still struggling against the same fundamental constraints as they were more than ten years ago. In business, timing is everything, and the recent events in holography are largely business phenomena (it has always taken a lot of patience to be a holographer, and no less so in these matters!). In this discussion, we will attempt to draw out a few of the long-term threads of holographic progress that underlie the recent good news.
Monoclonal antibodies to human prolyl 4-hydroxylase (1984)

Monoclonal antibodies against human prolyl 4-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.11.2), an intracellular enzyme of collagen biosynthesis, were produced by fusing spleen cells from BALB/c mice hyperimmunized with human prolyl 4-hydroxylase and mouse myeloma cells (P3/NS 1/1-AG 4-1). Hybridomas from 14 different primary microtiter-plate well cultures produced antibodies to human prolyl 4-hydroxylase; six of them with the highest antibody titer were cloned and antibodies produced by one clone from each of the six lines were further characterized. All of the six cloned hybrids produced antibodies of the IgG class as detected by immunodiffusion. The enzyme antigen used in the present study was a tetramer composed of two pairs of different subunit proteins, alpha and beta. Only one clone which produced antibodies to the alpha subunit was obtained, the other five antibodies being directed against the beta subunit. All the antibodies reacted with the tetramer form of the enzyme. Species cross-reactivity of the antibodies was tested using cultured human, mouse and chick fibroblasts and purified prolyl 4-hydroxylase from chick and mouse sources. None of the antibodies cross-reacted with chick or mouse fibroblasts, as determined by immunofluorescence, whereas one antibody reacted with purified chick and mouse prolyl 4-hydroxylase when examined by the western blotting technique. This antibody caused a strong inhibition of human prolyl 4-hydroxylase activity, but the other five antibodies had negligible inhibitory effect on the activity of the enzyme.
Production and properties of a raw‐starch‐degrading amylase from the thermophilic and alkaliphilic <i>Bacillus</i> sp. TS‐23 (1998)

The optimum temperature and initial medium pH for amylase production by Bacillus sp. TS-23 were 55 degrees C and 8.5 respectively. Maximum amylase activity was obtained in a medium containing peptone and soluble starch as nitrogen and carbon sources. Activity staining revealed that two amylases with molecular masses of 150 and 42 kDa were produced when maltose, soluble starch or amylose was used as carbon source for growth, whereas only the 150 kDa protein was detected in the medium containing water-insoluble carbon sources. A raw-starch-degrading amylase was purified from culture supernatant of Bacillus sp. TS-23. The molecular mass of the purified amylase was estimated at 42 kDa by electrophoresis. The enzyme had a pI of 4. 2. The optimal pH and temperature for activity were 9.0 and 70 degrees C respectively. The thermoactivity of the purified enzyme was enhanced in the presence of 5 mM Ca2+; under this condition, enzyme activity could be measured at a temperature of 90 degrees C. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by Hg2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ and EDTA, but less affected by Ni2+ and Cd2+. The enzyme preferentially hydrolysed high-molecular-mass substrates with an alpha-1, 4-glucosidic bond except glycogen. The raw starches were partly degraded by the purified amylase to yield predominantly oligosaccharides with degrees of polymerization 3, 4 and 5.
A Scalable Autonomous Replica Management Framework for Grids (2006)

Data replication can reduce access time and improve fault tolerance and load balancing. Typical requirements for a replica management system include an upper bound on replica round trip time, scalability, reliability, self-management and self-organization, and ability to maintain consistency of mutable replicas. This article presents the design and a prototype implementation of a scalable, autonomous, service-oriented replica management framework for Globus Toolkit Version 4 using DKS. DKS is a structured peer-to-peer middleware. Grid nodes are integrated into a P2P network. The framework uses the ant metaphor and techniques of multiagent systems for collaborative replica selection. We propose also a complimentary "background" service that collects access statistics and optimizes replica placement based on access pattern and replica lifetimes statistics. We have tested and profiled the prototype
Cyclization Reactions of 1,2-Bis(2-cyanophenyl)propionitriles. II. Synthesis of 5-amino-4,7-dimethoxy-11<i>H</i>-indeno-[1,2-<i>c</i>]isoquinolin-11-one (1974)

Abstract The structure of 5-amino-4,7-dimethoxy-11H-indeno-[1,2-c]isoquinolin-11-one (2) derived by the degradation of the “red pigment” has been confirmed by synthesis. 5,6-Dihydro-4,7-dimethoxy-11H-indeno[1,2-c]isoquinoline-5,11-dione (3) obtained from 2 was used as a relay compound. This was first converted into 2 by chlorination with phosphorus oxychloride and treatment with ammonia. Subsequently 3 was synthesized from 2-(2-carboxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-methoxyindane-1,3-dione (13) via 4,7-dimethoxy-11H-indeno[1,2-c]isocoumarin-11-one (12).
A Pathlength Correction Method for Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (1990)

A method for correction of pathlength effects in near-infrared (NIR) spectra is presented. This method, called Pathlength Correction with Chemical Modeling (PLC-MC), requires the use of standards in which the chemistry varies but the pathlength remains constant. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) is used to model the chemical variations in the spectra of the standards. The PCA model can then be used to estimate the pathlength of a future sample from the spectrum of the sample. Theoretical and experimental comparisons of the PLC-MC correction method with the Multiplicative Scatter Correction (MSC) method indicate that the PLC-MC method is more accurate than the MSC method if spectral variability from chemical variations is large.
Soothsayer: Predicting Capacity Usage in Backup Storage Systems (2015)

Protecting data from loss is of crucial significance to businesses. Failure to protect data can lead to heavy financial and strategic losses, that are often difficult to recover from. Thus, businesses employ backup techniques to store copies of data to enable failure recovery. But surprisingly, backups often fail. Our analysis of about 48,000 installations over a period of 3 years shows that one in six errors result from inadequate storage capacity and yet, little research has been done in the area of storage capacity forecasting that could mitigate these errors. In this paper, we propose Soothsayer, a simulation model that accurately predicts capacity usage by employing 3 techniques: autoregressive and moving-average modeling, clustering and stochastic modeling, and linear regression. Furthermore, our models provide a range of times when the capacity is likely to be reached, rather than a single point estimate, which is more beneficial in capacity planning. We evaluate the accuracy of our model using synthetic data as well as real world data. Our results show that our models outperform the previous piecewise regression method proposed by Chamness when applied to nonlinear datasets, while performing comparably when applied to linear datasets.
Artificial Lateral Line And Hydrodynamic Object Tracking (2006)

We report the development of biologically inspired artificial lateral line sensor for underwater flow field imaging. The artificial lateral line is based on an array of integrated, elevated hotwire elements. The static and dynamic behavior of the array, packaged as superficial sensors or canal embedded ones, are discussed. We have developed a complete system and demonstrated mimicking the functions of “ soft touch” of real biological lateral line. The sensor array can track the distance and location of an oscillating dipole source.
Potentiation of Infections by Biomaterials: A Comparison of Three Materials (1981)

Biomaterial implants frequently potentiate infections in patients, yet rarely have we considered the interactions between bacteria and biomaterials responsible for this. There is extensive literature concerning suture materials of various types and a few studies comparing porous and solid implants. We have developed a simple, relatively atraumatic model for comparing rates of infection surrounding a biomaterial implant in paired single animal observations. Statistically significant differences between silicone and fluorocarbon implants and between silicone and bioglass implants are demonstrated. The relatively greater rate of infection with silicones is consistent with a previous clinical study. The further use of this model for evaluation of material-surface interfacial effects is proposed.
Fast FIR filtering algorithms based on overlapped block structure (2002)

The concept of overlapped block digital filtering is introduced, and the conditions for shift-invariant operation are derived. Two special types of overlapped block structures which can be used to realized finite impulse response (FIR) filters are discussed. Their efficient implementation based on fast short-length linear convolution algorithms and discrete Fourier transform (DFT) are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Microwave Spectra of Isotopic Molecules of Sulphur Dioxide (1959)

Some new lines in the spectra of 34802 and 33802 have been measured and accounted for in terms of a semi-rigid rotor model with centrifugal distortion coefficients derived from Kivelson's (1954) published figures for 32802, and rotational constants obtained from the measurements.
Immunoprecipitation: Preclearing the Lysate (2006)

INTRODUCTIONTo reduce backgrounds and to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, an antibody that does not recognize the antigen being studied can be added to the lysate and processed as for a normal immunoprecipitation. Any nonspecific proteins that might contaminate the final immunoprecipitation step are presumably removed with this irrelevant antibody. Rabbit serum collected from a healthy adult animal that has not been previously immunized is used because it provides a complex mixture of different antibody types. Fixed Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC), a relatively inexpensive, concentrated source of protein A is used to collect the rabbit antibodies. Precleared samples prepared according to this protocol are ready for the final immunoprecipitation step.
Network Building Blocks of Fixed NGN Telecom Operator (2007)

Due to the belated start of liberalization of Croatian fixed telecom market, new entrants were able to utilize completely new model for building a fixed telecom network. Fixed NGN (Next Generation Network) model has enabled new entrants to the market to provide services in a converged fashion, where all types of services (Voice, Video, Private Data and Internet Access) are provided over a unified IP/MPLS-based network. This network enables operators to provide same services independent of the access technology (FTTx, xDSL, WiMAX, WiFi), utilizing universal voice (softswitch) platform and universal multi-service control gateways (MSCG), in a fashion resembling recent telecom network models such as IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem).
Central haemodynamic changes during lower body positive pressure in patients with congestive cardiac failure (1989)

Fifteen patients with moderately severe and severe chronic congestive heart failure were studied to determine the central haemodynamic results of short term increases in lower body positive pressure. Central haemodynamic variables were determined by Swan-Ganz thermodilution catheterisation and arterial cannulation. Graded increases in lower body positive pressure were applied to supine patients using Medical Anti-Shock Trousers (MAST). Increasing lower body positive pressure by 25 mm Hg and 55 mm Hg caused increases in mean right atrial pressure (6.0 to 13.2 to 17.9 mm Hg; p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.0001 respectively) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (26.8 to 35.5 to 41.3 mm Hg; p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01 respectively). No significant changes were seen in left heart filling pressures or in pulmonary vascular resistance. Furthermore, there were no significant increases in indices of cardiac work (cardiac index, left ventricular stroke work index, right ventricular stroke work index or cardiac power output) despite the increased right heart filling pressures. These results show that in patients with longstanding severe congestive heart failure, short term increases in cardiac return may increase right heart pressures but do not appear to cause either beneficial or detrimental changes in left heart haemodynamic indices.
Neutropenia in Pediatric Practice (2007)

1. George B. Segel, MD*
2. Jill S. Halterman, MD, MPH†


 

1. *Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology Oncology

2. †Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY

After completing this article, readers should be able to: 

1. Describe when a patient has true neutropenia, understanding the variation with age and ethnic background.

2. Know the relative risk of infection at various values of the absolute neutrophil count.

3. Discuss the differences between inherited and acquired causes of neutropenia.

4. List the initial studies to evaluate patients who have neutropenia.

The significance of neutropenia is a common query to hematology specialists from primary care physicians. Severe neutropenia is defined as an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of fewer than 500/mcL (0.5×109/L) and is a common and expected complication of chemotherapy for childhood neoplasms. This article considers those patients who have neutropenia unrelated to chemotherapy toxicity. This type of neutropenia may be noted when a complete blood count (CBC) is performed in a sick newborn, a febrile child, a child taking chronic medication, or as part of a routine evaluation. Severe hereditary conditions such as Kostmann syndrome and certain immunodeficiency syndromes associated with neutropenia are rare, perhaps 1 per 100,000, and are more likely to present in neonates and infants, although acquired conditions such as immune neutropenia and neutropenia related to infection also occur in this age group. A mild-to-moderate decrease in the ANC (percent neutrophils times the total white count) frequently is seen in viral illness or related to medication use as well as in some healthy persons of African ancestry. A number of inherited conditions associated with neutropenia are associated with other congenital anomalies such as dysplastic thumbs in Fanconi anemia, albinism in Chediak-Higashi syndrome, and dwarfism in the cartilage hair or Shwachman-Diamond syndromes.

A CBC is not ordered routinely for well children examined in the pediatrician's office or when children present with common febrile illnesses such as upper respiratory tract infections or otitis media. A CBC is warranted if …
A Two-Phase Three-Level Buck DC–DC Converter With X-Connected Flying Capacitors for Current Balancing (2020)

This letter presents a two-phase three-level (2P3L) buck converter with cross-connected flying capacitors (X-C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">FLY</sub> ). The proposed converter suppresses the unbalanced inductor currents in two-phase operation, by alternately connecting the flying capacitors to across the branches. Meanwhile, three-level operation reduces the required inductance with lower inductor voltage, together with two-phase operation, helping to achieve fast transient response and small output ripple. Here, we design the power stage and feedback loop aiming for a bandwidth of 10 MHz. Then, the proposed 2P3L buck converter with X-C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">FLY</sub> fabricated and validated in 65-nm standard CMOS achieves a low unbalanced current of about 5 mA, and a small output ripple of 50 mV at a load current of 110 mA, using only 1-nF output capacitor. The measured peak efficiency is 86%. Besides, it can track fast 10-MHz 64QAM LTE envelope signal.