gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modification of polyethylene–octene elastomer by silica through a sol–gel process (2003)

Abstract In this study, tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and a metallocene polyethylene–octene elastomer (POE) were chosen as the ceramic precursor and the continuous phase, respectively, for the preparation of new hybrids by an in situ sol–gel process. To obtain a better hybrid, a maleic anhydride‐grafted polyethylene–octene elastomer (POE‐ g ‐MAH), used as the continuous phase, was also investigated. Characterizations of POE‐ g ‐MAH/SiO 2 and POE/SiO 2 hybrids were performed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and 29 Si solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers, a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), a thermogravimetry analyzer, and an Instron mechanical tester. The results showed that the POE‐ g ‐MAH/SiO 2 hybrid could improve the properties of the POE/SiO 2 hybrid because the interfacial force between the polymer matrix and the silica network was changed from hydrogen bonds into covalent SiOC bonds through dehydration of hydroxy groups in POE‐ g ‐MAH with residual silanol groups in the silica network. The existence of covalent SiOC bonds was proved by FTIR spectra. For the POE/SiO 2 and POE‐ g ‐MAH/SiO 2 hybrids, maximum values of the tensile strength and the glass transition temperature were found at 9 wt % SiO 2 since a limited content of silica might be linked with the polymer chains through the covalent bond. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 966–972, 2003
Chromosomal assignment of the gene for the human beta 2-adrenergic receptor. (1983)

Chinese hamster fibroblasts (CHW) fail to physiologically respond to the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol with an increase in cellular cAMP. This unresponsiveness is due to a lack of beta-adrenergic receptors as indicated by an absence of specific binding of 125I-labeled hydroxybenzylpindolol (125I-HYP) to CHW plasma membranes. Preparation of somatic cell hybrids between CHW and human peripheral blood leukocytes led to the selection of a panel of 15 human-Chinese hamster cell hybrid clones, some of which had beta 2-adrenergic receptors (specifically bound 125I-HYP) and responded to isoproterenol (accumulated cAMP). Biochemical analysis of independent cloned cell hybrids indicated that beta 2-adrenergic receptor density and the intensity of the associated physiological response were closely correlated (r = 0.98). Both of these parameters were concordant in all cell hybrids with the presence of human chromosome 5. All other human chromosomes could be ruled out. These results suggest that the structural gene for the beta 2-adrenergic receptor is found on human chromosome 5.
Solution behavior of styrene–ethylene oxide block copolymers (1976)

Abstract Hydrophobic–hydrophilic water‐soluble block copolymers were prepared by “living” anionic polymerization. They consist of a polystyrene block and a polyethylene oxide block. From data on solution viscosity and high‐resolution NMR in water, the molecular dimensions of the two‐blocks copolymers are found similar to that of polyethylene glycols of the same molecular weight in the same solvent. These block copolymers exhibit microphase separation.
Development of a micro-processor-based transient data recording system for load behavior analysis (1993)

A microprocessor-based transient data recording system for the investigation of actual load behavior during system disturbances is described. The system is currently installed at the primary substations and distribution substations in the Taipower system. Analytical tools for computing the corresponding voltage and current phasors from the instantaneous three-phase voltages and currents measured by the system as well as the corresponding real and reactive powers are presented. A procedure for applying the recording system to develop an accurate load model is detailed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Automating the Distribution Network (1985)

The arrival of microelectronics and communications technology for power distribution systems promises a new era in the way utilities deliver electricity to customers. For example, utilities will be able to electronically sense storm-related faults on distribution lines and reroute power automatically to minimize the number of customers affected and reduce the time to restore service to others. Meter reading will be performed automatically and more accurately by computer. When a utility has to limit peak demand, it will be able to send electronic commands to its customers air conditioners and other energy-intensive equipment, causing them to cycle off and on and therby lower the total demand on the system. Automating many of the functions now performed by electromechanical switches and relays will improve reliability, reduce costs, and offer greater opportunities for conservation and load management. The immediate goal for a utility considering distribution automation should be to develop a master plan for determining the functions to be automated and the economic costs and benefits.
Altered microRNA expression in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells and upregulation of miR-130a associated with MDR1/P-glycoprotein-mediated drug resistance (2012)

microRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA molecules which are involved in the regulation of various biological processes. Drug resistance has become a major obstacle to successful chemotherapy of ovarian cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate microRNA expression profiles in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells and the role of miR-130a in regulating drug resistance. Analysis of differentially expressed miRNAs between SKOV3 and SKOV3/CIS cells was assessed by miRNA microarrays. Target prediction of miRNAs was determined with the help of PicTar or TargetScan. Among these miRNAs, the expression of miR‑130a was verified using qRT-PCR. The expression of MDR1 mRNA and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) after cellular transfection was examined using qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Cisplatin sensitivity was detected by the MTT assay. We indentified 35 downregulated and 54 upregulated miRNAs in SKOV3/CIS compared to those in SKOV3. We found that miR-130a was upregulated in SKOV3/CIS compared to the parental SKOV3 cells, and PTEN was predicted to be the potential target of miR-130a. Moreover, downregulation of miR-130a could inhibit MDR1 mRNA and P-gp expression and overcome the cisplatin resistance in SKOV3/CIS cells, which indicated that miR-130a may be associated with MDR1/P-gp-mediated drug resistance and plays the role of an intermediate in drug-resistance pathways of PI3K/Akt/PTEN/mTOR and ABC superfamily drug transporters in SKOV3/CIS cells. This study provides important information for the development of targeted gene therapy for reversing cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer.
LOCAL CIRCUITS IN PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX OF THE MACAQUE MONKEY (1998)

The basic laminar organization of excitatory local circuitry in the primary visual cortex of the macaque monkey is similar to that described previously in the cat's visual cortex (Gilbert 1983). This circuitry is described here in the context of a two-level model that distinguishes between feedforward and feedback connections. Embedded within this basic framework is a more complex organization. Within the strictly feedforward pathway, these circuits distribute unique combinations of magno-, parvo-, and koniocellular input from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) to neurons in layers 2-4B. Their input is dependent on the extrastriate cortical areas they target. The local feedback connections from deep layers (5 and 6) arise from a diverse population of pyramidal neurons. Each type forms local connections with a unique relationship to more superficial layers. In the case of layer 6 neurons, these connections are closely related to layer 4 subdivisions receiving input from different functional streams.
Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry (2005)

The human cell is very smart. In the latter half of the 20th century, scientists made great progress in understanding how information is stored, transmitted, and translated into function in cells and organisms. Detailed mechanisms emerged revealing how enzymes were able to catalyze specific cellular transformations. Large sums of money have been spent both by government as well as private industry in an attempt to translate this wealth of information into the improvement of the human condition by the rational design of pharmaceuticals for the diagnosis and, especially, the treatment of both chronic and acute illnesses. Despite these efforts, however, serendipity still plays a more important role than intention in the invention process. For just when it might appear that a cellular pathway or enzyme might be targeted, based on mechanistic and structural biochemistry, the human cell devises a resistance mechanism that sends the medicinal chemist back to the drawing
Comparative study of flex-foil technology in HF planar transformer windings (2003)

The goal of this paper is to show and quantify the advantages and drawbacks of flex foil technology and its application field in manufacturing flat HF transformers. A comparison between three different winding technologies (wires, PCB type and flex-foil) based both on experimental and simulation results is presented. Three multiwinding transformers have been built and tested for the same power stage of a VRM converter.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis and Enzyme‐Substrate Interaction of D‐, DL‐, and L‐Phosphinotricine, “Bialaphos” (SF‐1293) and Its Cyclic Analogues. (1989)

Abstract D,L‐Phosphinotricine (IV) and its cyclic analogue (VI) are synthesized using the known methodologies shown in the scheme.
The Virtual Showcase (2001)

We introduce a new projection-based AR display system-the Virtual Showcase. The Virtual Showcase has the same form factor as a real showcase, making it compatible with traditional museum displays. Real scientific and cultural artifacts are placed inside the Virtual Showcase allowing their 3D graphical augmentation. Inside the Virtual Showcase, virtual representations and real artifacts share the same space providing new ways of merging and exploring real and virtual content. Solely virtual exhibits may also be displayed. The virtual part of the showcase can react in various ways to a visitor, which provides the possibility for intuitive interaction with the displayed content.
Trade-offs in execution signature compression for reliable processor systems (2014)

As semiconductor processes scale, making transistors more vulnerable to transient upset, a wide variety of microarchitectural and system-level strategies are emerging to perform efficient error detection and correction computer systems. While these approaches often target various application domains and address error detection and correction at different granularities and with different overheads, an emerging trend is the use of state compression, e.g., cyclic redundancy check (CRC), to reduce the cost of redundancy checking. Prior work in the literature has shown that Fletcher's checksum (FC), while less effective where error detection probability is concerned, is less computationally complex when implemented in software than the more-effective CRC. In this paper, we reexamine the suitability of CRC and FC as compression algorithms when implemented in hardware for embedded safety-critical systems. We have developed and evaluated parameterizable implementations of CRC and FC in FPGA, and we observe that what was true for software implementations does not hold in hardware: CRC is more efficient than FC across a wide variety of target input bandwidths and compression strengths.
Glucokinase and molecular aspects of liver glycogen metabolism (2008)

Conversion of glucose into glycogen is a major pathway that contributes to the removal of glucose from the portal vein by the liver in the postprandial state. It is regulated in part by the increase in blood-glucose concentration in the portal vein, which activates glucokinase, the first enzyme in the pathway, causing an increase in the concentration of glucose 6-P (glucose 6-phosphate), which modulates the phosphorylation state of downstream enzymes by acting synergistically with other allosteric effectors. Glucokinase is regulated by a hierarchy of transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms that are only partially understood. In the fasted state, glucokinase is in part sequestered in the nucleus in an inactive state, complexed to a specific regulatory protein, GKRP (glucokinase regulatory protein). This reserve pool is rapidly mobilized to the cytoplasm in the postprandial state in response to an elevated concentration of glucose. The translocation of glucokinase between the nucleus and cytoplasm is modulated by various metabolic and hormonal conditions. The elevated glucose 6-P concentration, consequent to glucokinase activation, has a synergistic effect with glucose in promoting dephosphorylation (inactivation) of glycogen phosphorylase and inducing dephosphorylation (activation) of glycogen synthase. The latter involves both a direct ligand-induced conformational change and depletion of the phosphorylated form of glycogen phosphorylase, which is a potent allosteric inhibitor of glycogen synthase phosphatase activity associated with the glycogen-targeting protein, GL [hepatic glycogen-targeting subunit of PP-1 (protein phosphatase-1) encoded by PPP1R3B]. Defects in both the activation of glucokinase and in the dephosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase are potential contributing factors to the dysregulation of hepatic glucose metabolism in Type 2 diabetes.
Quantitative Analysis of Aflatoxins by ELISA (2006)

To detect the level of contamination of total aflatoxins in grains, a rapid, specific and quantitative ELISA-based method was developed using monoclonal antibodies against Aflatoxins. The coating antigen was AFB_1-BSA and the concentration was 0.062?5 μg/ml. The working titre of antibody was 1:1.6×106. For the standard Aflatoxin(B+G), the limit of detection was 0.13 ng/ml; for samples, the limit of detection was 1.50 μg/kg; the linear range was 0.26～20.00 ng/ml and the linear equation was y=-0.446?3x+0.353?2(R2=0.991?5). The 50% inhibition concentration for Aflatoxin(B+G) was 2.08 ng/ml. The recovery rates of spiked maize on the level of 2.10 μg/kg and 10.40 μg/kg were 94.56% and 112.05% respectively. For peanut recovery rates on the level of 2.00 μg/kg and 4.00 μg/kg were 87.50% and 85.60%, respectively. The cross reaction rates with aflatoxin B_1,B_2,G_1,G_2 were 100%,57.5%,104%,19% respectively, and there were no cross reactions with other mycotoxins..
Project “anonymity and unobservability in the Internet” (2000)

Article Project "anonymity and unobservability in the Internet" Share on Authors: Oliver Berthold Dept. of Computer Science, Dresden University of Technology, Germany Dept. of Computer Science, Dresden University of Technology, GermanyView Profile , Hannes Federrath International Computer Science Institute (ICSI), Berkeley, CA International Computer Science Institute (ICSI), Berkeley, CAView Profile , Marit Köhntopp Head of Department of Privacy-Enhancing Technologies, Privacy Commissioner Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany Head of Department of Privacy-Enhancing Technologies, Privacy Commissioner Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, GermanyView Profile Authors Info & Claims CFP '00: Proceedings of the tenth conference on Computers, freedom and privacy: challenging the assumptionsApril 2000 Pages 57–65https://doi.org/10.1145/332186.332211Online:01 April 2000Publication History 84citation1,608DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations84Total Downloads1,608Last 12 Months42Last 6 weeks8 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Mice transgenic for human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 provide a model for SARS coronavirus infection. (2007)

To establish a small animal model of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), we developed a mouse model of human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection by introducing the human gene for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) (the cellular receptor of SARS-CoV), driven by the mouse ACE2 promoter, into the mouse genome. The hACE2 gene was expressed in lung, heart, kidney, and intestine. We also evaluated the responses of wild-type and transgenic mice to SARS-CoV inoculation. At days 3 and 7 postinoculation, SARS-CoV replicated more efficiently in the lungs of transgenic mice than in those of wild-type mice. In addition, transgenic mice had more severe pulmonary lesions, including interstitial hyperemia and hemorrhage, monocytic and lymphocytic infiltration, protein exudation, and alveolar epithelial cell proliferation and desquamation. Other pathologic changes, including vasculitis, degeneration, and necrosis, were found in the extrapulmonary organs of transgenic mice, and viral antigen was found in brain. Therefore, transgenic mice were more susceptible to SARS-CoV than were wild-type mice, and susceptibility was associated with severe pathologic changes that resembled human SARS infection. These mice will be valuable for testing potential vaccine and antiviral drug therapies and for furthering our understanding of SARS pathogenesis.
Suitability of Recombinant<i>Escherichia coli</i>and<i>Pseudomonas putida</i>Strains for Selective Biotransformation of<i>m</i>-Nitrotoluene by Xylene Monooxygenase (2005)

Escherichia coli JM101(pSPZ3), containing xylene monooxygenase (XMO) from Pseudomonas putida mt-2, catalyzes specific oxidations and reductions of m-nitrotoluene and derivatives thereof. In addition to reactions catalyzed by XMO, we focused on biotransformations by native enzymes of the E. coli host and their effect on overall biocatalyst performance. While m-nitrotoluene was consecutively oxygenated to m-nitrobenzyl alcohol, m-nitrobenzaldehyde, and m-nitrobenzoic acid by XMO, the oxidation was counteracted by an alcohol dehydrogenase(s) from the E. coli host, which reduced m-nitrobenzaldehyde to m-nitrobenzyl alcohol. Furthermore, the enzymatic background of the host reduced the nitro groups of the reactants resulting in the formation of aromatic amines, which were shown to effectively inhibit XMO in a reversible fashion. Host-intrinsic oxidoreductases and their reaction products had a major effect on the activity of XMO during biocatalysis of m-nitrotoluene. P. putida DOT-T1E and P. putida PpS81 were compared to E. coli JM101 as alternative hosts for XMO. These promising strains contained an additional dehydrogenase that oxidized m-nitrobenzaldehyde to the corresponding acid but catalyzed the formation of XMO-inhibiting aromatic amines at a significantly lower level than E. coli JM101.
Rectangular, Coaxial-line, Split-tee Power Dividers (2005)

This paper describes a family of high power, low VSWR, S-band split-tee power dividers with coupling values from 3 dB to 5 dB. The power dividers use rectangular coaxial transmission line and employ a unique self-compensated isolation resistor.
User-Constraint and Self-Adaptive Fault Tolerance for Event Stream Processing Systems (2015)

Event Stream Processing (ESP) Systems are currently enabling a renaissance in the data processing area as they provide results at low latency compared to the traditional MapReduce approach. Although the majority of ESP systems offer some form of fault tolerance to their users, the provided fault tolerance scheme is often not tailored to the application at hand. For example, active replication is well suited for critical applications where unresponsiveness due to a background recovery process is not acceptable. However, for other classes of applications without such tight constraints, the use of passive replication, based on checkpoints and logging, is a better choice as it can save a significant amount of resources compared to active replication. In this paper, we present StreamMine3G, a fault tolerant and elastic ESP system which employs several fault tolerance schemes, such as passive and active replication as well as intermediate alternatives such as active and passive standby. In order to free the user from the burden of choosing the correct scheme for the application at hand, StreamMine3G is equipped with a fault-tolerance controller that transitions between the employed schemes during runtime in response to the evolution of the given workload and the user's provided constraints (recovery time and semantics, i.e., gap or precise). Our evaluation shows that the overall resource footprint for fault tolerance can be considerably reduced using our adaptive approach without consequences to the recovery time.
Thermo‐Responsive Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Hydrogels based on Poly(<i>N</i>‐vinylcaprolactam) (2003)

Abstract A new type of ‘intelligent’ hydrogels has been developed in the form of organic/inorganic hybrid materials by making use of the sol‐gel technology. Poly( N ‐vinylcaprolactam) (PVCL) has been incorporated in these materials for its thermo‐responsive properties. The synthesis of the hybrid hydrogels was achieved by the in situ formation of an inorganic silica phase in the presence of an aqueous solution of high molecular weight PVCL. This methodology results in the preparation of micro‐heterogeneous systems in which silica particles of nanometer dimensions act as physical cross‐links for the PVCL molecules. Hydrogen bonds between the remaining non‐condensed silanol groups and the PVCL carbonyl functions, together with physical entanglements, are responsible for the strong interactions between the organic and inorganic phases. Stress‐strain tests on highly swollen materials demonstrated that the unique structure of these thermo‐responsive hybrid hydrogels improves the mechanical stability to a great extent as compared to conventional hydrogels. Transmission measurements demonstrate that the presence of the inorganic phase does not influence the cloud point temperatures of PVCL significantly. On the other hand, the response of the reinforced hybrid hydrogels to temperature becomes less pronounced for increasing silica fractions. The reversibility of the swelling/deswelling process has been demonstrated by swelling experiments as a function of temperature. PVCL/SiO 2 hybrid hydrogels. magnified image PVCL/SiO 2 hybrid hydrogels.
Methods of approximate reasoning for power system equipment condition and reliability analysis (2002)

Traditional power system maintenance and equipment condition monitoring schedules have been based on manufacturer recommended fixed time intervals. Under greater economic pressures, electric utilities have begun: to shift towards reliability centered maintenance or other maintenance programs with longer maintenance intervals; and to load equipment significantly beyond manufacturer ratings. This work focuses on developing an information theoretic framework for systematically assessing equipment condition and incorporating this into maintenance, diagnostic and operational practices. A numerical example highlights the approach.