gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Seroprevalence and Epidemiological Correlates of HTLV-I Infection in U.S. Blood Donors (1988)

Screening for human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) antibodies was performed on sera from 39,898 blood donors at eight blood centers in geographically distinct areas of the United States. Ten donors (0.025 percent) showed evidence of HTLV-I seropositivity by enzyme immunoassays; this was confirmed by protein immunoblot and radioimmunoprecipitation. Seroprevalence rates ranged from 0 to 0.10 percent at the locations sampled, with HTLV-I antibodies found predominantly in donors from the southeastern and southwestern United States. Matched case-control interviews and laboratory studies were performed on five seropositive women and two seropositive men who participated in an identity-linked collection of sera from a subset of 33,893 donors at six of the eight blood centers. Four of the women and both men are black; one woman is Caucasian. Four of the seven seropositive individuals admitted to prior intravenous drug abuse or sexual contact with an intravenous drug user. Sexual contact with native inhabitants of an HTLV-I endemic area was the only identified risk factor for one male. The distribution of HTLV-I antibodies in this U.S. blood donor sample corroborates the previously reported epidemiology of this agent and suggests that additional donor screening measures, including the testing of donated blood for HTLV-I markers, may be necessary to prevent the spread of HTLV-I to transfusion recipients.
Graphical simulation &amp; automatic verification of NC machining programs (1986)

A machining simulator seeks to display graphically the effects on the workpiece (and associated fixtures) of the cutter motions prescribed in an NC program. Simulators enable NC programmers and machine operators to detect visually potential collisions and gross programming errors. A machining verifier seeks to determine automatically, without recourse to human judgement, whether an NC program will produce a specified part without undesirable side effects (collisions, cutter breakage, etc.). Simulators and verifiers both require solid modelling facilities, but simulators need only fast display generators for Boolean combinations whereas verifiers require more varied and powerful facilities. This paper summarizes the issues underlying simulation and verification while describing a new simulator that is being converted into a verifier.
MINIMIZATION OF THE RATE OF AMBIENT DIOXYGEN CONSUMPTION BY A COAL-DERIVED MIDDLE DISTILLATE (1986)

ABSTRACT Rates of molecular oxygen consumption at 23°C and 1 atm O2 by a coal-derived middle distillate containing cyclohexanol and other additives are reported. Significant inhibition of fuel oxidation was observed in the presence of 0.15% w/w benzylidene benzoylhydrazine, HBBz, but was not observed if the fuel had first been treated with pentane to precipitate gum and the predominant metals. Gum precipitated in the presence of HBBz had a higher S content than in its absence. Equilibria between HBBz, metals in the fuel and catalyst X (which may contain sulfur) are suggested to account for inhibition of fuel oxidation by HBBz.
Design Consideration for Characterization and Study of Dynamic on State Resistance of GaN Devices (2019)

On state resistance (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DSON</sub> ) of GaN devices is not constant like Si devices. The RDSON of GaN devices exhibits a dynamic behavior and can be much larger than the static RDSON. This dynamic behavior depends on various factors and device-to-device from different manufacturers. The increased RDSON leads to increased power loss and reduces overall system efficiency which can lead to reliability concern. For the dynamic R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DSON</sub> characterization, Double Pulse Test (DPT) is a widely used method. To calculate R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DSON</sub> , real-time measurements of voltage across the Device Under Test (DUT) and current through the DUT are required. Common DUT current measurement techniques require the insertion of current sensor in the current path, which introduces additional loop inductance in the current path. In this paper inductor current measurement is used instead of DUT current for the dynamic R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DSON</sub> calculation. Use of the inductor current measurement in R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DSON</sub> calculation optimizes the switching loop by eliminating the need of direct DUT current measurement. Furthermore, different design considerations for double pulse test circuit, and dynamic RDSON characterization of two different GaN devices are presented.
Modified Independent Modal Space Control Method for Active Control of Flexible Systems (1989)

A modified independent modal space control (MIMSC) method is developed for designing active vibration control systems for large flexible structures. The method accounts for the interaction between the controlled and residual modes. It also incorporates optimal placement procedures for selecting the optimal locations of the actuators in the structure in order to minimize the structural vibrations as well as the actuation effort. The MIMSC method relies on an important feature which is based on ‘time sharing’ of a small number of actuators, in the modal space, to control effectively a large number of modes. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the application of the method to generic flexible systems. The obtained results suggest the potential of the devised method in designing efficient active control systems for large flexible structures.
Exploring the Functional Interactions between Aurora B, INCENP, and Survivin in Mitosis (2003)

The function of the Aurora B kinase at centromeres and the central spindle is crucial for chromosome segregation and cytokinesis, respectively. Herein, we have investigated the regulation of human Aurora B by its complex partners inner centromere protein (INCENP) and survivin. We found that overexpression of a catalytically inactive, dominant-negative mutant of Aurora B impaired the localization of the entire Aurora B/INCENP/survivin complex to centromeres and the central spindle and severely disturbed mitotic progression. Similar results were also observed after depletion, by RNA interference, of either Aurora B, INCENP, or survivin. These data suggest that Aurora B kinase activity and the formation of the Aurora B/INCENP/survivin complex both contribute to its proper localization. Using recombinant proteins, we found that Aurora B kinase activity was stimulated by INCENP and that the C-terminal region of INCENP was sufficient for activation. Under identical assay conditions, survivin did not detectably influence kinase activity. Human INCENP was a substrate of Aurora B and mass spectrometry identified three consecutive residues (threonine 893, serine 894, and serine 895) containing at least two phosphorylation sites. A nonphosphorylatable mutant (TSS893-895AAA) was a poor activator of Aurora B, demonstrating that INCENP phosphorylation is important for kinase activation.
An rf sustained argon and copper plasma for ionized physical vapor deposition of copper (1999)

Langmuir probe, optical emission spectroscopy, and biased quartz crystal microbalance measurements were used to investigate an argon and copper plasma used for ionized physical vapor deposition of copper. Copper vapor generated by a magnetron sputter discharge is ionized upon passing through an argon discharge excited by an internal rf induction antenna. Argon plasma characteristics such as electron temperatures Te, plasma densities ne, and plasma and floating potentials Vp and Vf, were studied as a function of argon pressure and rf power. An increase of plasma density versus rf discharge power and argon pressure was observed. The radial profile of plasma density measured by a Langmuir probe reveals a peak ion density at the center of the rf antenna and an increase in the radial ion concentration gradient with argon pressure. The ratios of optical emission intensities from Cu+ ion and Cu neutral lines increase with rf discharge power and argon pressure. The biased quartz crystal microbalance measurements show an increase of both Cu+ ion flux and the ratio of Cu+ ion to Cu neutral fluxes with rf power and argon pressure; however, they also show a decrease of total Cu flux with increasing argon pressure.
Interleaved source coding (ISC) for predictive video coded frames over the Internet (2005)

Unreliable network's packet losses severely impact the playback quality of many predictive coded sources such as compressed video. Prior researches have shown various packet loss resilient coding methods to overcome such deficiency. In this paper, we propose a new packet-loss resilient coding method, interleaved source coding (ISC), based on an interleaving of predictive video coded frames transmitted over the Internet via a single erasure channel that is resilient to packet-losses. To select an interleaving pattern for a given erasure channel model, we employ a Markov decision process (MDP) and a corresponding dynamic programming algorithm. ISC improves the overall playback quality of predictive coded video frames over a lossy channel without complex modifications to standard predictive video coders. ISC eliminates the need for content distribution, path diversity routing, and related synchronization issues and hence, it provides a variable alternative to the path-diversity approaches. Simulations of a various video sequences showed that ISC significantly improves the playback quality of the predictive video over practical traces of Markov erasure channel model when compared with traditional non-interleaving predictive coding method.
Another world is possible: 'Game of thrones' and the politics of imagination (2013)

In his 1989 essay 'The End of History?' Francis Fukuyama argued that the end of the Cold War represented the 'total exhaustion of viable systemic alternatives to Western liberalism'. Although popularly derided as a neo-conservative example of counting your chickens before they've hatched, a closer reading of the essay reveals that Fukuyama is not really arguing that Western liberalism is the teleological endpoint of humanity - to be at the end of history merely means that, from the perspective of the present, there are no real ideological competitors within our horizon of knowledge. Fukuyama even expresses ambivalence for what he identifies as the current post-historical era...
Dense medium plasma synthesis of carbon/iron-based magnetic nanoparticle system (2003)

Using dense medium plasma technology, hybrid iron and iron oxide/carbon-based nanoparticle composites were synthesized under room temperature and atmospheric pressure conditions. Based on results from electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman microscopy, atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, we conclude that the material is composed of spherical particles, 40–60 nm in diameter, which are a graphitic carbon host structure embedded with iron and iron oxide. Thermal gravimetry/differential thermal gravimetry analysis indicates that these composites are stable up to temperatures as high as 600 °C. Ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy (FMR) and extended x-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy suggest that the bulk of the FMR signal in question is due to metallic Fe. Magnetite or maghemite is present, and the metallic content of the metal particles is 58(8)% and the remainder is oxidized with a sixfold oxygen coordination shell similar to that of γ-Fe2O3.
The Mechanism of Zinc(II)-Dithiocarbamate-Accelerated Vulcanization Uncovered; Theoretical and Experimental Evidence (1998)

The mechanism of cross-link formation in sulfur vulcanization mediated by bis(dimethyldithiocarbamato)zinc(II), ZDMC, has been uncovered, utilizing a combination of Density-Functional calculations and model experiments. These studies have revealed that, in a three-stage process, ZDMC exhibits a unique combination of catalytic activity: (1) It mediates the reaction between sulfur and rubber. This is achieved by incorporating sulfur atoms in the zinc-dithiocarbamate ring and inducing their insertion into an allylic C−H bond via an ene-like reaction. This ene reaction yields a rubber-bound polythiothiol and is only slightly endothermic, even though an activation energy of ∼90 kJ mol-1 is required. (2) The resulting polythiothiols engage in equilibrated metathesis reactions to yield polysulfides, the initial sulfur cross-links. (3) In a hitherto unsuspected mechanistic step ZDMC has been found to shift the metathesis equilibrium to the side of cross-links by mediating desulfhydration of the polythiothiols, producing sulfides and H2S. Thus, the combined results of theoretical and experimental work have allowed to put forward a novel mechanism for ZDMC-mediated sulfur cross-link formation that successively comprises (a) homogeneous catalysis of thiol formation from sulfur and rubber, (b) an equilibrium between polythiothiol intermediates and cross-links and (c) ZDMC-induced desulfhydration.
Effects of combining Taxol and cyclooxygenase inhibitors on the angiogenesis and apoptosis in human ovarian cancer xenografts (2012)

The present study aimed to investigate the combined effects of Taxol and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors on angiogenesis and cell apoptosis of SKOV-3 human ovarian carcinoma cell xenograft-bearing mice. The experiments were continued for 28 days. Animals were treated with 3 mg/kg SC-560 (a COX-1-selective inhibitor) alone, 100 mg/kg celecoxib (a COX-2-selective inhibitor) alone or SC-560/celecoxib by gavage twice a day, 20 mg/kg Taxol alone intraperitoneally once a week or in combination with SC-560 or celecoxib or SC-560/celecoxib/Taxol for three weeks. The mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The microvessel density (MVD) of ovarian carcinoma was determined by immunohistochemistry with anti-CD(34) as the label. The apoptotic index was detected by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. The MVD value and apoptotic index in the SC-560/Taxol group were notably inhibited compared with the Taxol group (P<0.001). Moreover, the VEGF mRNA levels, MVD value and apoptotic index in the SC-560/Taxol group were significantly different from the celecoxib/Taxol group (P<0.05, P<0.05 and P<0.001, respectively). The present study demonstrated that SC-560 enhances the anti-angiogenic and pro-apoptotic effects of Taxol and these effects are better than with celecoxib.
Chemical Pulping: Fenton’s reaction: a simple and versatile method to structurally modify commercial lignosulphonates (2011)

Treatment of lignosulphonates with hydrogen peroxide and Fe (II) acetate under mild conditions can be used to increase the molecular weight and content of carboxylic acids. Such Fenton's oxidation ...
Alarmin‐induced cell migration (2013)

Alarmins are endogenous, constitutively available, damage-associated molecular patterns that upon release can mobilize and activate various leukocytes for the induction of innate and adaptive immune responses. For our immune system to function appropriately, it relies on navigating various leukocytes to distinct places at the right time. The direction of cell migration is determined by chemotactic factors that include classical chemoattractants, chemokines, certain growth factors, and alarmins. This viewpoint provides an overview of alarmin-induced cell migration. Alarmins are capable of inducing the migration of diverse types of leukocytes and nonleukocytes either directly by triggering specific receptors or indirectly by inducing production of chemokines through the activation of various leukocytes via pattern recognition receptors. The receptors used by alarmins to directly induce cell migration can either be Gαi protein-coupled receptors or receptors such as the receptor for advanced glycation end products; however, the intracellular signaling events responsible for the direct chemotactic activities of alarmins are, to date, only partially elucidated. Given that alarmins act in concert with chemokines to regulate the recruitment and trafficking of leukocytes, these damage-associated molecular patterns are potentially involved in diverse biological processes as discussed in this viewpoint.
Design and Implementation of a High Resolution Two Counter Digital Pulse Width Modulation (2009)

This paper presents a high resolution Digital Pulse Width Modulation "DPWM" for thevoltage regulator application. The PWM signal is generated by using two fast clockcounters. In this approach, the pulse width is combined from two parts depending on twocounter schemes. MSBs of the DPWM generates first part of pulse that achieved by a firstcounter-phase comparator scheme, and the LSBs of the DPWM generates second part ofpulse that obtained through a second counter- phase comparator scheme. The resolution ofpresent pulse width depends on the resolution of second counter.The developed pulse width modulator has high precision, good linearity, and wide dutycycle range. Further, it can be flexibly reconfigured for multi-phase PWM operation with norestriction on duty cycle range. In this work, a 714 kHz switching frequency DPWM modulewith 9- bit resolution is tested by simulation program
The influence of biological enzyme on hydrogen peroxide bleaching of wastepaper pulp (2008)

The influence of catalase and horseradish peroxidase on hydrogen peroxide bleaching of wastepaper pulp was investigated. The results show that under alkaline con- dition the addition of the two enzymes aggravate the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and the ability of catalase to catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide was better than that of horseradish peroxidase.
Transposition of Tc1 in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. (1985)

We have identified a strain of Caenorhabditis elegans in which the transposable element Tc1 is genetically active. Most spontaneous mutations affecting the unc-54 myosin heavy chain gene of C. elegans variety Bergerac are due to insertions of Tc1 within unc-54. The Bergerac genome contains an unusually high number of Tc1 elements, but this is not responsible for transpositional activity. Another variety of C. elegans, strain DH424, contains an equally high number of Tc1 elements, but transpositions are not detected. Tc1 insertion mutations are genetically unstable. They revert to unc-54+ in both germ-line and somatic cells. Germ-line revertants are wild type and contain precise or nearly precise excisions of Tc1. Somatic revertants are genetic mosaics; they contain small patches of revertant muscle tissue in otherwise mutant animals. The pattern of mosaicism often allows us to know when and where during muscle development the excisions occur. Somatic reversion can be over 1000-fold more frequent than germ-line reversion.
Conservation issues at the Watson Pinelands Preserve, Tyler County, Texas (2010)

The Watson Pinelands Preserve is a 4.8-ha (12-ac) privately owned facility nestled in the Big Thicket of east Texas, and is home to many species of carnivorous plants. Development and maintenance of the preserve as a living record of the rich diversity of East Texas herbaceous and woody plants has not been an easy task, and has had its share of conservation issues as well. This article will discuss some of the many conservation issues that affect the Watson Pinelands Preserve, and what can be done to reduce and/or eliminate some of these effects.
Synthesis of the G−C DNA Base Hybrid with a Functional Tail (2006)

Molecules which possess the hydrogen bonding codes of both guanine and cytosine ("G-C DNA base hybrids") are known to organize in a hexagonal array both in solution and the solid state. Including an easily derivatizable functional group in the molecule allows the co-organization of virtually any species in the hexagonal periphery. Simple 5- and 6-step procedures are described for the synthesis of DNA base hybrids with tail groups which are terminated by electrophilic (primary bromide) and nucleophilic (primary alcohol) functions, respectively.
Elastic Waves in Layered Media (1958)

"Elastic Waves in Layered Media." Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 80(1), pp. 128–129
Synthesis, hypoglycemic and toxicological evaluation of new 1,2-benzisothiazolyl derivatives. (1992)

The synthesis of 1,2-benzisothiazol-3-ylguanidines, 1,2-benzisothiazol-3-ylbenzensulphonylureas and 1,2-benzisothiazol-3-ylbenzensulphonamides is described. Some of the new compounds showed moderate hypoglycemic activity but most of them caused serious acute toxic effects.
Serotonin-Dopamine Interaction as a Focus of Novel Antidepressant Drugs (2006)

Central serotonergic and dopaminergic systems play a critical role in the regulation of normal and abnormal behavior. Recent evidence suggests that a dysfunction of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmitter systems contributes to various pathological conditions. Among the multiple classes of 5-HT receptors described in the central nervous system, much attention has been devoted to the role of 5-HT2 receptor family in the control of central dopaminergic activity, because of the moderate to dense localization of both transcript and protein for 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors in the substantia nigra (SN) and ventral tegmental area (VTA), as well as their terminal regions. Moreover, modulation of 5-HT2 receptor function by various drugs that has been shown to influence DA function in these brain areas is thought to be important in motor activation, motivation, and reward. Indeed, a number of electrophysiological and biochemical data have shown that 5-HT2C receptor agonists decrease, while 5-HT2C receptor antagonists enhance mesocorticolimbic DA function. Recent studies have focused on the functional interaction between the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems to explain the mechanism of the antidepressant action of SSRIs and 5-HT2 antagonists. In this article, the most relevant data regarding the role of these receptors in the control of brain DA function are reviewed, and the importance of this subject in the search of new antidepressant drugs is discussed.
Stereoselective deprotonation of tropinone and reactions of tropinone lithium enolate (1992)

Tropinone (6) was deprotonated with lithium diisopropylamide and with chiral lithium amides (18–24) and the resulting enolates (two enantiomers) were treated with electrophiles. The aldol reaction with benzaldehyde and deuteration were both diastereoselective. The former yielded only one isomer (exo, anti) of the aldol 8a; the latter proceeded from the exo face. This selectivity permitted us to probe the deprotonation of tropinone with lithium amides; it was concluded that the reaction involves predominantly the exo axial protons. The reaction of tropinone enolate with ethyl chloroformate led, via a ring opening, to the cycloheptenone derivative 9. The reaction with methyl cyanoformate yielded, in the presence of silver acetate and acetic acid, the β-ketoester 8b; however, in the absence of these additives, and especially when 12-crown-4 was added to the enolate, a ring opening leading to the pyrrolidine derivative 10 occurred instead. Deprotonation of tropinone with chiral lithium amides proceeded with modest enantioselectivity. A synthesis of non-racemic anhydroecgonine via this strategy allowed establishing the absolute stereochemistry of deprotonation.