gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluating a Marker's Contribution to a Nomogram: The GEMCaP Example (2009)

A postoperative nomogram developed in 1999 by Kattan et al. has been externally validated, but needs improvement. This tool predicts well but not perfectly. The Genomic Evaluators of Metastatic Prostate Cancer (GEMCaP) biomarkers hold promise for improving this tool; however, a larger data set that permits more involved analyses is needed.
Epidemiology and diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis (2005)

The multisystem disease Lyme borreliosis is the most frequent tick-transmitted disease in the northern hemisphere. In Europe Lyme borreliosis is most frequent in Central Europe and Scandinavia (up to 155 cases per 100,000 individuals) and is caused by the species, B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. afzelii and B. garinii. The recently detected genospecies A14S may also play a role in skin manifestations. Microbiological diagnosis in European patients must consider the heterogeneity of borreliae for development of diagnostic tools. According to guidelines of the USA and Germany, serological diagnosis should follow the principle of a two-step procedure (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as first step, if reactive; followed by immunoblot). The sensitivity and standardization of immunoblots has been considerably enhanced by use of recombinant antigens (p100, p58, p41i, VlsE, OspC, DbpA) including those expressed primarily in vivo (VlsE and DbpA) instead of whole cell lysates. VlsE is the most sensitive antigen for IgG antibody detection, OspC for IgM antibody detection. At present, detection rates for serum antibodies are 20%-50% in stage I, 70%-90% in stage II, and nearly 100% in stage III Lyme disease. Detection of the etiological agent by culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) should be confined to specific indications and specialized laboratories. Recommended specimens are skin biopsy specimens, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and synovial fluid. The best results are obtained from skin biopsies with culture or PCR (50%-70%) and synovial tissue or fluid (50%-70% with PCR). CSF yields positive results in only 10%-30% of patients except when the duration of symptoms is shorter than 2 weeks (50% sensitivity). Methods which are not recommended or adequately documented for diagnosis are antigen tests on body fluids, PCR of urine, and lymphocyte transformation tests.
Effect of Wind and Solar Radiation on Metabolic Heat Production in a Small Desert Rodent, <i>Spermophilus Tereticaudus</i> (2000)

To understand better how complex interactions between environmental variables affect the energy balance of small diurnal animals, we studied the effects of the absence and presence of 950 W m(-)(2) simulated solar radiation combined with wind speeds ranging from 0. 25 to 1.00 m s(-)(1) on the metabolic rate and body temperature of the round-tailed ground squirrel Spermophilus tereticaudus. As wind speed increased from 0.25 to 1.00 m s(-)(1), metabolic heat production increased by 0.94 W in the absence of solar radiation and by 0.98 W in the presence of 950 W m(-)(2) simulated solar radiation. Exposure to simulated solar radiation reduced metabolic heat production by 0.68 W at a wind speed of 0.25 m s(-)(1), by 0.64 W at 0.50 m s(-)(1) and by 0.64 W at 1.00 m s(-)(1). Body temperature was significantly affected by environmental conditions, ranging from 32. 5 degrees C at a wind speed of 1.0 m s(-)(1) and no irradiance to 35. 6 degrees C at a wind speed of 0.50 m s(-)(1) with 950 W m(-)(2 )short-wave irradiance. In addition, several unusual findings resulted from this study. The coat of S. tereticaudus is very sparse, and the observed heat transfer of 5.68+/-0.37 W m(-)(2 ) degrees C(-)(1) (mean +/- s.e.m., N=11) is much higher than expected from either allometric equations or comparative studies with other rodents of similar mass. Solar heat gain was remarkably low, equalling only 10 % of intercepted radiation and suggesting a remarkably high regional thermal resistance at the tissue level. Animals remained normally active and alert at body temperatures as low as 32.5 degrees C. These findings suggest a unique combination of adaptations that allow S. tereticaudus to exploit a harsh desert environment.
Direct air-sampling inlet for surface ionization mass spectrometry of airborne particles (1976)

A direct air-sampling inlet for a surface ionization mass spectrometer has been developed. The inlet consists of four elements: (1) a capillary nozzle through which the ambient air is drawn generating a particle beam with small divergence; (2) a ''skimmer'' which skims off the bulk of the air expanding into a vacuum of 1 Torr while simultaneously transmitting the particle beam; (3) a collimator through which the particle beam also passes and by which another stage of differential pumping is accomplished; and (4) a hot filament to ionize the particles. The air-sampling capacity of the inlet is 5 cm/sup 3//sec and the efficiency of particle transmission to the ionizing filament is approximately 50 percent. The inlet is incorporated into a transportable instrument for continuous, real-time measurement of airborne particles.
Benton and the pigs (2007)

The girls had their pompoms out and their short skirts on. The bleachers were full of hollering farmers and salesmen and their kids. The Cougars were playing the New Haven team and looked like they had this one in the bag.
Cost‐effective and safe ambulatory long‐term immunoprophylaxis with intramuscular instead of intravenous hepatitis B immunoglobulin to prevent reinfection after orthotopic liver transplantation (2003)

Long-term administration of i.m. HBIG saves up to 60% of the usual costs for i.v. prophylaxis of HBV reinfection in patients after OLT. In combination with lamivudine, long-term i.m. HBIG therapy is as efficient as i.v. HBIG treatment, but its lower costs clearly favour its use in preventing HBV reinfection after OLT.
Preliminary Structure–Activity Relationships and Biological Evaluation of Novel Antitubercular Indolecarboxamide Derivatives Against Drug-Susceptible and Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains (2013)

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide, with approximately one-third of the world's population infected with latent TB. This is further aggravated by HIV coinfection and the emergence of multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant (MDR and XDR, respectively) TB; hence the quest for highly effective antitubercular drugs with novel modes of action is imperative. We report herein the discovery of an indole-2-carboxamide analogue, 3, as a highly potent antitubercular agent, and the subsequent chemical modifications aimed at establishing a preliminary body of structure-activity relationships (SARs). These efforts led to the identification of three molecules (12-14) possessing an exceptional activity in the low nanomolar range against actively replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis , with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values lower than those of the most prominent antitubercular agents currently in use. These compounds were also devoid of apparent toxicity to Vero cells. Importantly, compound 12 was found to be active against the tested XDR-TB strains and orally active in the serum inhibition titration assay.
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: Prognosis after Myocardial Infarction: The Israeli Ischemic Heart Disease Study (1986)

In people without overt clinical coronary heart disease (CHD), reduced levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) are a known predictor of a first myocardial infarction (MI), and of death from CHD. Less is known about the role of HDLC in the prognosis of patients with coronary heart disease. In 130 men with electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial infarction examined in the Israeli Ischemic Heart Disease Study in 1963, the relationship of HDLC to prognosis was examined. Approximately 60% (77 men) died between 1963 and 1978. Analysis of mortality by HDLC quartiles revealed the highest rate, 74%, in the bottom HDLC quartile (less than 30 mg/dl). Quartile analysis was also performed for HDLC as a per cent of total cholesterol (PHDL), known as a better predictor of CHD incidence. Mortality was as high as 81% in the bottom quartile (PHDL less than 13%), with a relative mortality risk of 1.71 for subjects in the bottom quartile compared to those in the top quartile (PHDL greater than or equal to 19%). Initial mean PHDL in patients surviving 15 years was significantly higher than in those dying during that time (17.8% versus 16.2%, p less than 0.05). Multivariate analysis, using the Cox proportional hazards model, indicated an association close to conventional statistical significance between HDLC and long-term mortality (p = 0.069). The results are comparable with those reported by the Coronary Drug Project Study. Further investigations of larger cohorts of CHD survivors are needed before firm conclusions about the role of HDLC and the potential for the use of HDLC affecting drugs or lifestyle changes can be drawn.
Automatic segmentation, recognition of phonetic units and training in the KEAL speech recognition system (2005)

This paper describes the acoustic-phonetic recognizer which performs the early stages of analysis in the KEAL system. The objective of this module is to transform the continuous speech signal representing the uttered sentence into a string of lower units. Four main linguistic units have been considered : phones, phonemes, syllables and words. The KEAL acoustic-phonetic recognizer consists of components for carrying out three main tasks : acoustic analysis, labelling and training. Syllabic segmentation accuracy of 95%, an average phonemic recognition rate of 61% and a word recognition accuracy of 93% are obtained using 26 phonemic classes, isolated words (digits and operators : +,-,*,...) and continuous speech which different speakers. Preliminary results on number recognition (each number being composed of several digits spoken without insertion of pauses) give an accuracy of 90% after speaker adaptation.
DNA Methylation of Tumor Suppressor Genes in Clinical Remission Predicts the Relapse Risk in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2007)

Epigenetic changes play an important role in leukemia pathogenesis. DNA methylation is among the most common alterations in leukemia. The potential role of DNA methylation as a biomarker in leukemia is unknown. In addition, the lack of molecular markers precludes minimal residual disease (MRD) estimation for most patients with hematologic malignancies. We analyzed the potential of aberrant DNA promoter methylation as a biomarker for MRD in acute leukemias. Quantitative real-time PCR methods with bisulfite-modified DNA were established to quantify MRD based on estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and/or p15(INK4B) methylation. Methylation analyses were done in >370 DNA specimens from 180 acute leukemia patients and controls. Methylation of ERalpha and/or p15(INK4B) occurred frequently and specifically in acute leukemia but not in healthy controls or in nonmalignant hematologic diseases. Aberrant DNA methylation was detectable in >20% of leukemia patients during clinical remission. In pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia, methylation levels during clinical remission correlated closely with T-cell receptor/immunoglobulin MRD levels (r = +0.7, P < 0.01) and were associated with subsequent relapse. In acute myelogenous leukemia patients in clinical remission, increased methylation levels were associated with a high relapse risk and significantly reduced relapse-free survival (P = 0.003). Many patients with acute leukemia in clinical remission harbor increased levels of aberrant DNA methylation. Analysis of methylation MRD might be used as a novel biomarker for leukemia patients' relapse risk.
Effective force control by muscle synergies (2014)

Muscle synergies have been proposed as a way for the central nervous system (CNS) to simplify the generation of motor commands and they have been shown to explain a large fraction of the variation in the muscle patterns across a variety of conditions. However, whether human subjects are able to control forces and movements effectively with a small set of synergies has not been tested directly. Here we show that muscle synergies can be used to generate target forces in multiple directions with the same accuracy achieved using individual muscles. We recorded electromyographic (EMG) activity from 13 arm muscles and isometric hand forces during a force reaching task in a virtual environment. From these data we estimated the force associated to each muscle by linear regression and we identified muscle synergies by non-negative matrix factorization. We compared trajectories of a virtual mass displaced by the force estimated using the entire set of recorded EMGs to trajectories obtained using 4-5 muscle synergies. While trajectories were similar, when feedback was provided according to force estimated from recorded EMGs (EMG-control) on average trajectories generated with the synergies were less accurate. However, when feedback was provided according to recorded force (force-control) we did not find significant differences in initial angle error and endpoint error. We then tested whether synergies could be used as effectively as individual muscles to control cursor movement in the force reaching task by providing feedback according to force estimated from the projection of the recorded EMGs into synergy space (synergy-control). Human subjects were able to perform the task immediately after switching from force-control to EMG-control and synergy-control and we found no differences between initial movement direction errors and endpoint errors in all control modes. These results indicate that muscle synergies provide an effective strategy for motor coordination.
Semantic business process management: a vision towards using semantic Web services for business process management (2005)

Business process management (BPM) is the approach to manage the execution of IT-supported business operations from a business expert's view rather than from a technical perspective. However, the degree of mechanization in BPM is still very limited, creating inertia in the necessary evolution and dynamics of business processes, and BPM does not provide a truly unified view on the process space of an organization. We trace back the problem of mechanization of BPM to an ontological one, i.e. the lack of machine-accessible semantics, and argue that the modeling constructs of semantic Web services frameworks, especially WSMO, are a natural fit to creating such a representation. As a consequence, we propose to combine SWS and BPM and create one consolidated technology, which we call semantic business process management (SBPM)
Continuously variable cryostat giving accurate settings at any temperature between 77 and 300K (1979)

Presents a detailed comparison of different existing cryostats for a range going from liquid nitrogen to room temperature. None of these was really adapted for continuous operation between these two temperatures in a large volume with a good stability. The new apparatus is a double cryostat adapted for this range. The output cryostat is cooled by the evaporation of a servo-controlled flow of liquid nitrogen and the inner cryostat is maintained by a slightly higher temperature by a servo-controlled electric heater. This device gives a stability of 0.001K with a temperature difference of 0.01K in a volume of a few litres.
Spectrophotometric determination of cyclization activity of .BETA.-cyclodextrin-forming cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase. (1987)

A quick and reliable assay was developed to measure the cyclization activity of β-cyclodextrin-forming cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase. Beta-cyclodextrin formed in the reaction was measured directly in situ through as a complex with phenolphthalein. Using this assay, it was shown that the crude enzyme from an alkalophilic Bacillus sp. (ATCC 21783) showed cyclization activity with three distinct pH optima, at pH 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5. Soluble starch and maltohexaose were better substrates than other smaller maltooligosaccharides.
Electrolyte effects on the cationic micelle catalyzed decarboxylation of 6-nitrobenzisoxazole-3-carboxylate anion (1973)

The unimolecular decarboxylation of 6-nitrobenzisoxazole-3-carboxylate ion is strongly catalyzed by micelles of cationic and nonionic surfactants. The catalysis by cationic micelles can be enhanced by adding some electrolytes or nonionic surfactants or by using dicationic surfactants, indicating that the catalysis is sensitive to changes in micellar structure and charge density. The mode of incorporation of aromatic sulfonate and carboxylate anions into cationic micelles has been investigated by nmr spectroscopy and by electrochemical and viscosity measurements, and the effects of such incorporated anions on micellar catalysis and structure are discussed. It appears that the anions insert into the micelle with the aryl groups fitting between the ammonium head groups of the surfactant. © 1973, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Development and evaluation of one step single tube multiplex RT-PCR for rapid detection and typing of dengue viruses (2008)

These findings clearly suggested that M-RT-PCR assay reported in the present study is the rapid and cost-effective method for simultaneous detection as well as typing of the dengue virus in acute phase patient serum samples. Thus, the M-RT-PCR assay developed in this study will serve as a very useful tool for rapid diagnosis and typing of dengue infections in endemic areas.
Use of recombinant human erythropoietin in combination with parenteral iron in the treatment of postpartum anaemia (1996)

The authors compared the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) in combination with iron with that of iron therapy only in the treatment of postpartum anaemia. Ninety patients (30 patients/group) received either rhEPO (300 U kg-1, i.v. or s.c., once) and iron (parenteral and oral), or iron therapy only. Erythropoiesis was assessed by haemoglobin and haematocrit increase, absolute reticulocyte counting and reticulocyte flow cytometry. Ferrokinetics was assessed by serum ferritin, transferrin and transferrin saturation measurements. There was no difference before therapy for baseline haematological values or iron status. Patients with endogenous EPO levels below 145 mU mL-1 had a significant benefit from intravenous rhEPO administration with highest haematocrit and haemoglobin levels 4 and 14 days after therapy. rhEPO-treated groups showed a higher absolute reticulocyte count 1 and 4 days after therapy and an elevated percentage of high fluorescent reticulocytes (HFRs). Parenteral iron therapy caused a significant increase of ferritin and transferrin saturation, while transferrin concentration decreased. Ferritin and transferrin levels were lowest after i.v. administration of rhEPO, 1 and 4 days after therapy. C-reactive protein concentration was highest in patients who underwent caesarean section until the end of the observation period. A single dose of rhEPO in combination with iron was more effective in treating postpartum anaemia than iron therapy only, in patients who had low EPO levels despite peripartal blood loss. Postpartum low endogenous EPO levels might be a consequence of inhibiting inflammatory cytokines that are released after spontaneous or operative deliveries.
Effects of molten salts on reactions. Nucleophilic aromatic substitution by halide ions in molten dodecyltributylphosphonium salts (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffects of molten salts on reactions. Nucleophilic aromatic substitution by halide ions in molten dodecyltributylphosphonium saltsSlaton E. Fry and Norbert J. PientaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 22, 6399–6400Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1985https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00308a045RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views611Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (281 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Functional Conversion Between A-Type and Delayed Rectifier K <sup>+</sup> Channels by Membrane Lipids (2004)

Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels control action potential repolarization, interspike membrane potential, and action potential frequency in excitable cells. It is thought that the combinatorial association between distinct alpha and beta subunits determines whether Kv channels function as non-inactivating delayed rectifiers or as rapidly inactivating A-type channels. We show that membrane lipids can convert A-type channels into delayed rectifiers and vice versa. Phosphoinositides remove N-type inactivation from A-type channels by immobilizing the inactivation domains. Conversely, arachidonic acid and its amide anandamide endow delayed rectifiers with rapid voltage-dependent inactivation. The bidirectional control of Kv channel gating by lipids may provide a mechanism for the dynamic regulation of electrical signaling in the nervous system.
Effects of Abutment and Screw Access Channel Modification on Dislodgement of Cement-Retained Implant-Supported Restorations (2013)

Chandur Wadhwani, BDS, MSD/Timothy Hess, DDS/Alfonso PiÃ±eyro, DDS/Kwok-Hung Chung, DDS, PhD: This study investigated the influence of implant abutment and screw access channel modification on the retention of copings. Titanium abutment access openings were either left open or modified by placing two vent holes 3 mm from the occlusal edge and 180 degrees apart. Access openings sealed with a resin material were used as controls. Metal copings were cemented and subjected to tensile testing until failure. Access openings with two vent holes resulted in significantly higher mean retention values compared to the opened or sealed screw access groups (P < .05). Cement flow was affected by the internal vent, which increased the area of cementabutment contact. Int J Prosthodont 2013;26:54Â56. doi: 10.11607/ijp.3069
The Effect of Phytase Enzyme and Level on Nutrient Extraction by Broilers (2004)

Three experimental phytase enzyme preparations derived from the same Escherichia coli gene but produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (A), Pichia pastoris (B), and Pseudomonas fluorescens (C) were compared with a commercial enzyme preparation by addition to wheat-soybean meal diets fed to broiler chicks. A positive control diet contained sufficient available phosphorus for normal broiler growth and a negative control diet was phosphorus deficient. The 4 enzymes were added to the negative control diet at 3 levels each (150, 450, and 1,250 U/kg), and all diets were pelleted above 80 degrees C. Broiler chicks were fed experimental diets from 4 to 21 d. Chick performance and nutrient digestibility showed that the pel leting process inactivated enzymes A and C and the commercial enzyme. When added to the negative control diet, enzyme B had positive effects on broiler performance and calcium and phosphorus digestibility, and increasing levels of enzyme had greater positive effects. Enzyme B also increased the AME and protein digestibility over those of either control diet. These results suggest that enzyme B was not inactivated by pelleting above 80 degrees C, whereas the other enzymes were.