gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Potency of Known Oximes (Pralidoxime, Trimedoxime, HI-6, Methoxime, Obidoxime) to in vitro Reactivate Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited by Pesticides (Chlorpyrifos and Methylchlorpyrifos and Nerve Agent (Russian VX) (2007)

Nerve agents and pesticides belong to the group of organophosphates. They are able to inhibit irreversibly the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Acetylcholinesterase reactivators were designed for the treatment of nerve agent intoxications. Their potency to reactivate pesticide-inhibited AChE was many times evaluated. In this study, five commonly used AChE reactivators (pralidoxime, methoxime, HI-6, obidoxime, trimedoxime) for the reactivation of AChE inhibited by two pesticides (chlorpyrifos and methylchlorpyrifos) were used. Russian VX (nerve agent) as a member of nerve agents' family was taken for comparison. Obtained results show that oximes developed against nerve agent intoxication are less effective for intoxication with organophosphorus pesticides. Especially, methylchlorpyrifos-inhibited AChE was found to be poorly reactivated by the compounds used.
Performance optimization using exact sensitization (1994)

A common approach to performance optimization of circuits focuses on re-synthesis to reduce the length of all paths greater than the desired delay . We describe a new delay optimization procedure that optimizes only sensitizable paths greater than . Unlike previous methods that use topological analysis only, this method accounts for both functional and topological interactions in the circuit. Comprehensive experimental results comparing the proposed technique to a state-of-the-art performance optimization procedure are presented for combinational and sequential logic circuits.
The influence of temperature on within-canopy acclimation and variation in leaf photosynthesis: spatial acclimation to microclimate gradients among climatically divergent Acer rubrum L. genotypes (2007)

Leaf gas exchange and temperature response were measured to assess temperature acclimation within a tree canopy in climatically contrasting genotypes of Acer rubrum L. Over the course of two 50 d continuous periods, growth temperature was controlled within tree crowns and the steady-state rate of leaf gas exchange was measured. Data were then modelled to calculate the influence of genotype variation and vertical distribution of physiological activity on carbon uptake. The maximal rate of Rubisco carboxylation (V(cmax)), the maximum rate of electron transport (J(max)), leaf dark respiration rate (R(d)), maximum photosynthesis (A(max)), and the CO(2) compensation point (Gamma) increased with temperature during both (i) a constant long-term (50 d) daytime temperature or (ii) ambient daytime temperature with short-term temperature control (25-38 degrees C). In addition, within-crown variation in the temperature response of photosynthesis and R(d) was influenced by acclimation to local microclimate temperature gradients. Results indicated that carbon uptake estimates could be overestimated by 22-25% if the vertical distribution of temperature gradients is disregarded. Temperature is a major factor driving photosynthetic acclimation and within-crown gas exchange variation. Thus, this study established the importance of including spatial acclimation to temperature- and provenance-, ecotype-, and/or genotype-specific parameter sets into carbon uptake models.
Heparin‐interacting sites of bovine lactoferrin are involved in anti‐adenovirus activity (2003)

Lactoferrin, a member of the transferrin family of approximately 80 kDa, consists of a single polypeptide chain folded in two symmetric, globular lobes (N- and C-lobes), each able to bind one ferric ion. This glycoprotein, found in physiological fluids of mammals, plays an important role in immune regulation and in defense mechanisms against bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. Although the antiviral activity of lactoferrin is one of the major biological functions of such protein, the mechanism of action is still under debate. We have investigated both the role of tryptic fragments of bovine lactoferrin and the mechanism of lactoferrin antiviral effect toward adenovirus infection in HEp-2 cells. The results obtained demonstrated that the anti-adenovirus activity of lactoferrin is mediated by the N-terminal half of the protein as the N-lobe was able to inhibit adenovirus infection, even if at lower extent than undigested lactoferrin, whereas C-lobe was ineffective. The results also showed that the anti-adenovirus action of lactoferrin and of its N-terminal peptide lactoferricin took place on virus attachment to cell membrane, mainly through competition for common glycosaminoglycan receptors. The data provide evidence that the anti-adenovirus activity of lactoferrin is mediated mainly by the cluster of positive charges at the N-terminus of whole molecule and that the N-terminal peptide lactoferricin alone is sufficient to prevent infection.
Hitless λ-Tuning Sequence to Reduce Tuning Delay in λ-Tunable WDM/TDM-PON (2016)

In wavelength (λ)-tunable wavelength-division-multiplexing/time-division-multiplexing passive optical networks (WDM/TDM-PONs), an optical line terminal (OLT) directs optical network units (ONUs) to change wavelengths to achieve functions such as load balancing or power saving. This demands λ-tuning without any data-frame loss, i.e., hitless λ-tuning. In addition, there is a need to increase the dynamic bandwidth allocation cycle period (DBA-p) to expand scalability as regards the splitting ratio or fiber reach. Unfortunately, with a large DBA-p, more buffer memory is needed in the OLTs or ONUs to cover the tuning delay demanded by the conventional hitless λ-tuning sequence, which requires a message exchange between the OLT and the ONU after λ-tuning. In this paper, we propose a novel hitless λ-tuning sequence to reduce the tuning delay. With the proposed sequence, the completion of λ-tuning is decided by calculation, and the buffers for upstream and downstream transmissions are released according to the calculation, instead of the message exchange. Experiments confirm that the proposed sequence can tune the wavelength of the ONU’s transceiver without any data-frame losses for multiple measurements. Each measurement includes 300 λ-tuning operations. Additionally, it is shown that, when the DBA cycle is 4 ms, the tuning delay and buffer memory for upstream transmission can be reduced by 98% and 50%, respectively, while those for downstream transmission can be reduced by 86% and 86%, respectively, compared to the conventional sequence. We also show that the maximum upstream throughput is not degraded.
pp60src is an endogenous substrate for calpain in human blood platelets (1993)

Calpain is distributed ubiquitously in virtually every tissue (Croall, D. E., and DeMartino, G. N. (1991) Physiol. Rev. 71, 813-846), but its physiological role remains to be determined. The identification of its natural endogenous substrates would be of great interest. Since pp60src, a major tyrosine kinase in platelets, is known to be easily cleaved during purification from cells (Feder, D., and Bishop, J. M. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 8205-8211), we examined the possibility that it is an endogenous substrate of calpain. In the whole cell lysate from resting platelets, which was analyzed by Western blotting with monoclonal antibody 327, we found pp60src almost exclusively in a 60-kDa form, with a trace of 52-kDa form. Addition of A23187 (a calcium ionophore) or dibucaine, which are known to be activators of platelet calpain (Croall and DeMartino, 1991; Fox, J. E., Reynolds, C., Morrow, J. S., and Phillips, D. R. (1987) Blood 76, 2510-2519; Fox, J. E., Austin, C. D., Boyles, J. K., and Steffen, P. K. (1990b) J. Cell Biol. 111, 483-493), caused dose- and time-dependent cleavage of actin-binding protein and p235 protein (talin). At the same time, loss of the 60-kDa species of pp60src and generation of the 52-kDa (occasionally seen as doublets) and 47-kDa species were detected by the Western blotting. In platelets aggregated by 1 unit/ml thrombin, apparently identical cleavage products were found. The cleavage of pp60src was inhibited by calpeptin (20 microM), an inhibitor of calpain (Tsujinaka, T., Kajiwara, Y., Kambayashi, J., Sakon, M., Higuchi, N., Tanaka, T., and Mori, T. (1988) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 153, 1201-1208; Tsujinaka, T., Ariyoshi, H., Uemura, Y., Sakon, M., Kambayashi, J., and Mori, T. (1990) Life Sci. 46, 1059-1066; Fox, J. E., Clifford, C. C., and Austin, C. D. (1990) Blood 76, 2510-2519; Fox, J. E., Austin, C. D., Boyles, J. K., and Steffen, P. K. (1990) J. Cell. Biol. 111, 483-493; Fox, J. E., Austin, C. D., Clifford, C. C., and Steffen, P. K. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 13289-13295). Addition of EGTA (3 mM) to the extracellular media completely inhibited the cleavage of actin-binding protein, talin, and pp60src in response to A23187 (1 microM). Intact pp60src was distributed in both cytosolic and particulate (membrane) fractions. Cleaved species were found exclusively in the cytosolic fraction. pp60src-associated enolase kinase activity was reduced. Thus, pp60src is an endogenous substrate for calpain, the cleavage of which may have regulatory effects on the kinase.
One hour of myocardial ischemia decreases the activity of the stimulatory guanine-nucleotide regulatory protein Gs. (1989)

The effect of 1 hour of myocardial ischemia on the function of the stimulatory guanine-nucleotide-binding protein Gs was examined. This study follows our recent finding that myocardial ischemia increases the density of beta-adrenoreceptors in a conscious canine model while having the opposite effect on the activity of adenylate cyclase. Coronary artery occlusion was induced in five conscious dogs and verified by measurement of blood flow using the Doppler and microsphere techniques. Alterations in the level and function of Gs were examined in sarcolemmal membranes prepared from ischemic and nonischemic regions of the left ventricle. After 1 hour of coronary artery occlusion, the functional activity of sarcolemmal Gs, as determined by reconstitution with cyc- membranes, decreased by 27 +/- 7% in the ischemic zone. Cholera toxin labeling performed in parallel with the reconstitution studies demonstrated a similar decrease of 28 +/- 7%. This was associated with decreases in basal activity and decreases in adenylate cyclase activity stimulated by GTP, GTP plus isoproterenol, sodium fluoride, and forskolin. Thus, a defect distal to the beta-adrenoreceptor occurs in the transduction of adrenergic signals to the heart as a consequence of 1 hour of ischemia.
Remembering the Ancients: Observations on Technoscience in Čapek’s <i>R.U.R</i> (2011)

The technoscientific consequences of both the human drives for glory on the one hand and a comfortable life on the other potentially threaten human existence. R.U.R., a science fiction play by Karel Čapek, bridges ancient writers and contemporary technoscientific endeavors, encouraging us to consider these issues in light of persistent human nature.
The Clinical Utility of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) in the Diagnosis of ADHD (2007)

Parent report on the Behavior Regulation scale differentiates the ADHD-Combined Type group from the ADHD-Inattentive Type and non-ADHD groups, and the Metacognitive Index differentiates both ADHD subtypes from the non-ADHD group, thus supporting the clinical utility of this measure in a clinic-referred sample.
ANHYDROUS HYDRAZINE. III. ANHYDROUS HYDRAZINE AS A SOLVENT.<sup>1</sup> (1915)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTANHYDROUS HYDRAZINE. III. ANHYDROUS HYDRAZINE AS A SOLVENT.1T. W. B. Welsh and H. J. BrodersonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1915, 37, 4, 816–824Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1915Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1915https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja02169a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02169a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views327Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Consideration of glare from daylight in the control of the luminous atmosphere in buildings (2011)

This paper presents recent investigations on modeling and control of the luminous atmosphere in buildings. The luminous atmosphere desired by the occupants is defined by the amount and the distribution of light entering the room. These criteria reflect the mean optic state of the room. In tertiary building, the rooms generally have several artificial and natural light sources, this is why the light controller developed here is based on an optimization method to determine the best distribution of light flows among all the sources. The optimal solution is computed by considering various goals like minimizing the energy consumption. In this paper, the authors present a new extension of the luminous atmosphere controller that prevents glare caused by the daylight from occurring in the room. Detection of outdoor dazzling sources is performed by a fisheye video camera fixed on the building envelope. A numerical method is then used to determine the areas of potential glare within the room and to define operating limits on actuators in order to reject them. To show the impact of glare rejection on the luminous atmosphere controller, the authors have simulated the control in a room equipped with automated Venetian blinds and lights during a whole day.
Assessing Mobility in Older Adults: The UAB Study of Aging Life-Space Assessment (2005)

The LSA can be used to document patients' mobility within their home and community. The LSA scores are associated with a person's physical capacity and other factors that may limit mobility. These scores can be used in combination with other tests and measures to generate clinical hypotheses to explain mobility deficits and to plan appropriate interventions to address these deficits.
Visual language programming: for robot command/control in unstructured environments (1991)

Behavior specification is a barrier to widespread use of robots in unstructured environments. Experience with storyboard graphics, animation, text, speech and sound effects used in a visual-language prosthesis, Lingraphica, suggests that robot motion and task planning can be specified efficiently and with a minimum of training using text-graphic primitives. The approach complements adaptive environmental sensing and control.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis of 2‐Fluoronoraristeromycin and Its Inhibitory Activity Against Plasmodium falciparum S‐Adenosyl‐L‐homocysteine Hydrolase. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
High resolution direction of arrival estimation analysis and implementation in a smart antenna system (2010)

The goal of this research is to equip the smart antenna system designed by the telecommunication group at the department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Montana State University with high resolution direction of arrival estimation (DOA) capabilities; the DOA block should provide accurate estimates of emitters' DOAs while being computationally efficient. Intensive study on DOA estimation algorithms was carried out to pinpoint the most suitable algorithm for the application of interest, and the spectral methods were chosen for this study. The outcome of the study consisted of generating a novel algorithm, spatial selective MUSIC, which is comparable in accuracy to other high resolution algorithms but does not require the intensive computational burden that is typical of high resolution spectral methods. Spatial selective MUSIC is compared in terms of bias, resolution, robustness and computational efficiency against the most widely used DOA estimation algorithms, namely, Bartlett, Capon, MUSIC, and beamspace MUSIC. The design, troubleshooting, and implementation of the hardware needed to implement the DOA estimation in a real case scenario was achieved. Two design phases were necessary to implement the center piece of the hardware needed to achieve DOA estimation. The 5.8 GHz 8 channel receiver board along with a casing that egg crates the RF channels for channel-to-channel isolation was designed and built. A National Instrument data acquisition card was used to simultaneously sample all the 8 channels at 2.5 MSPS, the data was processed using the PC interface built in LabView. Phase calibration that accounts for the overall system magnitude and phase differences along with a novel calibration method to mitigate the effects of magnitude and phase variations along with mutual coupling was produced during this research and was imperative to achieving high resolution DOA estimation in the lab. The DOA estimation capabilities of the built system was tested within the overall smart antenna system and showed promising results. The overall performance enhancement that the DOA estimation block can provide cannot however be fully realized until the beamforming block is revised to provide accurate and deep null placing along with a narrower beam width. This cannot be achieved with the current system due to limitations in the number of the array elements used and the granularity in the phase shifters and attenuators used in the analog beamformer.
Learning Text Similarity with Siamese Recurrent Networks (2016)

This paper presents a deep architecture for learning a similarity metric on variablelength character sequences. The model combines a stack of character-level bidirectional LSTM's with a Siamese architecture. It learns to project variablelength strings into a fixed-dimensional embedding space by using only information about the similarity between pairs of strings. This model is applied to the task of job title normalization based on a manually annotated taxonomy. A small data set is incrementally expanded and augmented with new sources of variance. The model learns a representation that is selective to differences in the input that reflect semantic differences (e.g., "Java developer" vs. "HR manager") but also invariant to nonsemantic string differences (e.g., "Java developer" vs. "Java programmer").
Golgi Localization and Functional Expression of Human Uridine Diphosphatase (1998)

A full-length E(ecto)-ATPase (Plesner, L. (1995) Int. Rev. Cytol. 158, 141-214) cDNA was cloned from a human brain cDNA library; it encodes a 610-amino acid protein that contains two putative transmembrane domains. Heterologous expression of this protein in COS-7 cells caused a significant increase in intracellular membrane-bound nucleoside phosphatase activity. The activity was highest with UDP as substrate and was stimulated by divalent cations in the following order: Ca2+ >> Mg2+ > Mn2+. The results of immunofluorescence staining indicate that this protein is located in the Golgi apparatus. UDP hydrolysis was increased in the presence of Triton X-100 or alamethicin, an ionophore that facilitates movement of UDP across the membrane, suggesting that the active site of this UDPase is on the luminal side of the Golgi apparatus. This is the first identification of a mammalian Golgi luminal UDPase gene. Computer-aided sequence analysis of the EATPase superfamily indicates that the human UDPase is highly similar to two hypothetical proteins of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and to an unidentified 71.9-kDa yeast protein and is less related to the previously identified yeast Golgi GDPase.
Delivery of 10-MW Nd:YAG laser pulses by large-core optical fibers: dependence of the laser-intensity profile on beam propagation (1997)

A large-core multimode optical fiber of a few meters length is studied as a 10-MW beam delivery system for a 15-ns pulsed Nd:YAG laser. A laser-to-fiber vacuum coupler is used to inhibit air breakdown and reduce the probability of dielectric breakdown on the fiber front surface. Laser-induced damage inside the fiber core is observed behind the fiber front surface. An explanation based on a high power density is illustrated by a ray trace. Damaged spots and measurements of fiber output energies are reported for two laser beam distributions: a flat-hat type and a near-Gaussian type. Experiments have been performed to deliver a 100-pulse mean energy between 100 and 230 mJ without catastrophic damage.
SifA permits survival and replication of Salmonella typhimurium in murine macrophages (2001)

SifA was originally identified as a virulence factor required for formation of Salmonella-induced filaments (Sifs), elongated tubules rich in lysosomal glycoproteins that extend from the Salmonella-containing vacuole in infected epithelial cells. Here, we demonstrate that deletion mutants of ssaR, a component of the SPI-2 type III secretion system, do not form Sifs in HeLa epithelial cells. This suggests that SifA is a translocated effector of this system, acting within host cells to form Sifs. In support of this hypothesis, transfection of HeLa cells with a vector encoding SifA fused to the green fluorescent protein caused extensive vacuolation of LAMP-1-positive compartments. Filamentous tubules that closely resembled Sifs were also observed in transfected cells, demonstrating that SifA is sufficient to initiate alteration of host cell endosomal structures. deltasifA mutants were impaired in their ability to survive/replicate in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages, a phenotype similar to ssaR mutants. Our findings suggest that SifA is an effector of the SPI-2 type III secretion system and allows colonization of murine macrophages, the host niche exploited during systemic phases of disease in these animals. A family of SifA-related proteins and their importance to Salmonella pathogenesis is also discussed.
Evidence of blood-brain barrier alteration and activation in HIV-1 gp120 transgenic mice (1999)

These findings demonstrate that HIV-1 gp120 is capable of changing and activating in vivo the vascular component of the blood-brain barrier.
Drug resistance in cancer mechanisms and models (1998)

When this volume was first published in 1998, drug resistance in cancer, whereby a proportion of cancer cells evades chemotherapy, poses a profound and continuing challenge for the effective treatment of cancer. The principles underlying the biological mechanisms behind this phenomenon are clearly understood and explained in this volume. However, a deeper understanding of drug resistance requires a quantitative appreciation of the dynamic forces that shape tumour growth, including spontaneous mutation and selection processes. The authors seek to explain and to simplify these complex mechanisms, and to place them in a clinical context. Clearly explained mathematical models are used to illustrate the biological principles and provide an insight into tumour development and the effectiveness and limitations of drug treatment. It is suitable for those with a non-mathematical background and aims to enhance the effectiveness of cancer therapy