gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards event ordering in digital forensics (2010)

In criminal investigation and criminal justice, investigators are usually faced with several reports, which contain a set of events of interest. Often, it is important to be able to order these events so that relevant queries can be posed on this ordering, such as "was X at location Y when the murder took place?". However, ordering of these events is very difficult, especially if very few events are anchored in time, i.e., few events are associated with an explicit time. Manual extraction of all the events of interest from these reports is tedious. On the other hand, automated extraction is inaccurate at best, in the sense that either several events that may not be important could be included. This ultimately gives a large set of events to consider, and imposing an ordering on this set can yield a large tree structure, where nodes represent an event of interest, and an edge (i, j) indicates that event i occurred before or at the same time as event j, and the root node represents a special "start" event. In this paper, we investigate two techniques for automating extraction of events, and then ordering these. We compare the efficiency of the techniques through the size of the tree structure obtained
Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Light Scattering from Polydispersions of Mie Particles (1967)

A comparison has been made between (1) the computed angular scattering coefficient for a polydisperse cloud of small, spherical (Mie) particles and (2) the measured angular scattering coefficient for a polydisperse cloud of irregular, randomly oriented (Mie) particles fitting the same distribution function and having the same material properties. The comparison has been made for eight wavelengths covering the visible range.
Mechanistic Studies of Dichloro(1,4,7-triazacyclononane)copper(II)-Catalyzed Phosphate Diester Hydrolysis (1996)

In order to explore the role of labile metal complexes in promoting phosphodiester hydrolysis, detailed kinetic and mechanistic studies with Cu[9]aneN3Cl2 (1) were performed. The hydrolysis of bis(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate (2) by 1 is catalytic, as determined by the observation of both rate enhancement and turnover. The catalyst is selective for phosphodiesters; the rate of hydrolysis for 4-nitrophenyl phosphate (4) is 50 times slower than the hydrolysis rate of 2. A rate enhancement of 2000 is observed relative to hydroxide ion mediated hydrolysis, and the rates reported herein are comparable to the rates reported for phosphodiester hydrolysis by other labile metal complexes. The reaction of 1 with 2 showed a half-order dependence on the catalyst, implicating a monomer−dimer equilibrium with the monomer as the catalyst. The kinetically determined equilibrium constant is 1220 M-1, favoring the dimer. The reaction of 1 with ethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphate (3) follows Michaelis−Menten kinetics (KM = 62.3 mM and kcat = 1.96 × 10-5 s-1), providing evidence for the formation of a catalyst−substrate complex. The pH vs rate profile indicates that deprotonation of the metal-coordinated water (pK1 = 7.3) occurs to form the active catalyst, and the reaction becomes pH independent above pH 8.5. The activation parameters for 3 hydrolysis by 1 (pH 9.0) are ΔH⧧ = 90 kJ mol-1 and ΔS⧧ = −128 J mol-1 K-1. A mechanism consistent with the kinetic data is presented.
Mycobacteria‐reactive Lyt‐2<sup>+</sup> T cell lines (1988)

The biological activities of mycobacteria-reactive Lyt-2+ T cells were characterized in vitro. T cells from mice immunized with killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis or viable M. bovis were restimulated in vitro and cloned under limiting dilution conditions. Several L3T4-Lyt-2+ T cell lines, some of them KJ16+, were established. These T cell lines were capable of lysing mycobacteria-primed macrophages in an antigen-specific way. The cytolytic activity of some T cell lines was found to be class I restricted, whereas others showed antigen-specific killing in the absence of apparent H-2 restriction. Several T cell lines produced interferon-gamma after appropriate stimulation. Furthermore, these T cell lines could induce tuberculostatic macrophage capacities by apparently two different mechanisms, namely by secretion of lymphokines (most probably interferon-gamma) and by direct cell contact. We conclude that CD8 T cells with antigen-specific cytolytic potential are generated during tuberculosis and that these T cells are involved in the immune response to tubercle bacilli.
Diriger le sport international. Numéro spécial bilingue (2019)

https://www.cairn.info/revue-staps-2019-3.htm
Determining current distributions for RF resonators in magnetic resonance imaging (1995)

Two new methods are presented for computing the current distribution within curved, finite width conductors arranged around the circumference of a circular cylinder. The number of these conductors is allowed to be arbitrary. The width and the overall current flowing in each conductor is also allowed to be specified. Results for a test case are demonstrated and the current distribution for a radio-frequency probe used in magnetic resonance imaging is computed. The fields produced by the probe are also determined and compared with experiment.
Prognostic relevance of coronary collateral function: confounded or causal relationship? (2013)

A well-functioning coronary collateral circulation independently predicts lowered mortality in patients with chronic CAD. This relation appears to be causal, because augmented collateral function by arteriogenic therapy is associated with prolonged survival.
Variations of phase velocity and gradient values of ULF geomagnetic disturbances connected with the Izu strong earthquakes (2003)

Abstract. Results of study of anomaly behavior of amplitudes, phase velocities and gradients of ULF electromagnetic disturbances (F = 0.002 – 0.5 Hz) before and during a seismic active period are presented. Investigations were carried out in Japan (Izu and Chiba peninsulas) by two groups of magnetic stations spaced apart at a distance ~ 140 km. Every group (magnetic gradientometer) consists of three 3-component high sensitive magnetic stations arranged in a triangle and spaced apart at distance 4–7 km. Kakioka magnetic station (>200 km to the North from Izu) was used as a reference point. Available data (only night-time intervals 00:00–07:00 LT) were preliminary filtrated by narrow pass-band filters (16 frequency bands – periods T = 2–512 s). The amplitude, gradient and phase velocity values and probabilities of directions of gradient and phase velocity vectors were constructed for the every frequency band. Apparent resistivities of the Earth’s crust in the every frequency band were calculated using the phase velocity values. It was found that Z component amplitudes of the ULF magnetic disturbances increased at Izu peninsula 2–4 weeks before the seismic active period and 2–4 days before the strongest seismic shocks (M > 6). Ratio of Z component amplitudes of Kamo (Izu) and Kakioka data (Zk/Zkk) increased during 2–4 weeks before the seismic activity start (27 June 2000) and reached a maximum just before a moment of the strongest seismic shock (EQ with M = 6.4). The gradient and the phase velocity values had an anomaly behavior during the same 2–4 weeks before the start of seismic active period. The gradient vectors of the total horizontal component of the ULF magnetic pulsations were probably directed to the regions with increased conductivity. New additional direction of the gradient vectors appeared 2–3 weeks before the seismic activity start – the direction to the seismic active area which appeared due to a magma rising.
Putative Exopolysaccharide Synthesis Genes Influence <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Biofilm Development (2004)

An analysis of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa genomic sequence revealed three gene clusters, PA1381-1393, PA2231-2240, and PA3552-3558, in addition to the alginate biosynthesis gene cluster, which appeared to encode functions for exopolysaccharide (EPS) biosynthesis. Recent evidence indicates that alginate is not a significant component of the extracellular matrix in biofilms of the sequenced P. aeruginosa strain PAO1. We hypothesized that at least one of the three potential EPS gene clusters revealed by genomic sequencing is an important component of P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilms. Thus, we constructed mutants with chromosomal insertions in PA1383, PA2231, and PA3552. The mutant with a PA2231 defect formed thin unstructured abnormal biofilms. The PA3552 mutant formed structured biofilms that appeared different from those formed by the parent, and the PA1383 mutant formed structured biofilms that were indistinguishable from those formed by the parent. Consistent with a previous report, we found that polysaccharides were one component of the extracellular matrix, which also contained DNA. We suggest that the genes that were inactivated in our PA2231 mutant are required for the production of an EPS, which, although it may be a minor constituent of the matrix, is critical for the formation of P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilms.
Insight into RF power requirements and <i>B</i><sub><i>1</i></sub> field homogeneity for human MRI via rigorous FDTD approach (2007)

With variable phase/amplitude excitation, as a function of frequency, the peak-then-decrease relation observed in the upper axial slices of brain with quadrature excitation becomes more evident in the lower slices as well. Additionally, homogeneity optimization targeted at minimizing the ratio of maximum/minimum B(1) (+) field intensity within the region of interest, typically results in increased RF power requirements (standard deviation was not considered in this study). Increasing the number of excitation ports, however, can result in significant RF power reduction.
Charge carrier mobility in hybrid halide perovskites (2015)

The charge transport properties of hybrid halide perovskites are investigated with a combination of density functional theory including van der Waals interaction and the Boltzmann theory for diffusive transport in the relaxation time approximation. We find the mobility of electrons to be in the range 5-10 cm(2)V(-1)s(-1) and that for holes within 1-5 cm(2)V(-1)s(-1), where the variations depend on the crystal structure investigated and the level of doping. Such results, in good agreement with recent experiments, set the relaxation time to about 1 ps, which is the time-scale for the molecular rotation at room temperature. For the room temperature tetragonal phase we explore two possible orientations of the organic cations and find that the mobility has a significant asymmetry depending on the direction of the current with respect to the molecular axis. This is due mostly to the way the PbI3 octahedral symmetry is broken. Interestingly we find that substituting I with Cl has minor effects on the mobilities. Our analysis suggests that the carrier mobility is probably not a key factor in determining the high solar-harvesting efficiency of this class of materials.
Nitroprusside in Resuscitation of Major Torso Trauma (2000)

During aggressive shock resuscitation, control of MAP using nitroprusside is feasible and is associated with a favorable resuscitation response. Nitroprusside may be a useful adjunct during shock resuscitation of MTT as a vasoactive agent that promotes peripheral tissue perfusion.
Automated Teller Machine Network Pricing - A Review of the Literature (2003)

Automated teller machines (ATMs) have altered the relationship between banks and their depositors, as well as the competitive relationships among banks. In this paper, I survey the literature to describe the ways that ATMs have influenced these aspects of banking markets, and conclude with suggestions for further research.
BYTEWEIGHT: Learning to Recognize Functions in Binary Code (2018)

Function identification is a fundamental challenge in reverse engineering and binary program analysis. For instance, binary rewriting and control flow integrity rely on accurate function detection and identification in binaries. Although many binary program analyses assume functions can be identified a priori, identifying functions in stripped binaries remains a challenge. In this paper, we propose BYTEWEIGHT, a new automatic function identification algorithm. Our approach automatically learns key features for recognizing functions and can therefore easily be adapted to different platforms, new compilers, and new optimizations. We evaluated our tool against three well-known tools that feature function identification: IDA, BAP, and Dyninst. Our data set consists of 2,200 binaries created with three different compilers, with four different optimization levels, and across two different operating systems. In our experiments with 2,200 binaries, we found that BYTEWEIGHT missed 44,621 functions in comparison with the 266,672 functions missed by the industry-leading tool IDA. Furthermore, while IDA misidentified 459,247 functions, BYTEWEIGHT misidentified only 43,992 functions.
A System Level FMCW RADAR Optimization For Automotive Powertrain Control Application Requirements (2013)

A full system level analysis, design, and ealization of frequency-modulation / continuous-wave (FMCW) RADAR is presented in this thesis. RADAR technology has been around for over half a century, and has found itself in a wide range of applications effecting every day life. As such, there are many possible system level tradeoffs that can be made when designing a sensor for a specific application. This paper will focus on designing a sensor for a hybrid electric vehicle powertrain control unit, as part of a new application in fuel economy improvement. The system level analysis will derive a full baseband signal analysis model, and examine some of the commonly used modulation schemes. Next, a method for tuning the modulation waveform properties to optimize the sensor specifically for the application requirements is presented. Finally a system level realization is proposed to produce synchronous and streamlined processing of the signals, while providing flexibility to tune the implementation as suggested during the modulation waveform optimization.\n\nAs a proof of concept, a hardware prototyping platform was designed and built to allow acquisition of real signals which are to be fed into a signal processing algorithm. The signal processing algorithm to decode the measurement results can then be developed effectively using real data. Some of the measurement results obtained with the prototyping platform and system optimizations suggested within this thesis are presented to verify the analysis and modeling performed.
One-Dimensional Equilibrium Spectra in Isotropic Turbulence (1960)

The one-dimensional equilibrium spectra in isotropic turbulence are given for the physical transfer theories of Heisenberg, Kovásznay, and Obukhoff. These results are then compared with the experimental measurements of the spectrum of ∂3u1/∂x13 fluctuations. For two of the theories (Heisenberg's and Kovásznay's), reasonable agreement is obtained for kη &lt; 0.04, but for larger values of kη there is considerable divergence between the theoretical and experimental results. The relationship between the equilibrium and similarity spectra are also discussed for these two theories.
Energy- and Power-Split Management of Dual Energy Storage System for a Three-Wheel Electric Vehicle (2016)

Specific applications such as recreational vehicles require new developments with respect to their energy storage system (ESS). Despite some recent trends in battery development, the ratio between power and energy has not yet met the requirements of these specific kinds of vehicles. This paper presents the integration of a SuperCapacitors (SCs) pack in a three-wheel electric vehicle considering the energy- and power-split management strategy. An energy-management strategy based on a comprehensive fuzzy logic controller approach is fully addressed to increase the global efficiency and performance of the studied vehicle. The proposed control and management strategy ensures that the battery supplies the average portion of the power demand, while the energy level of the SCs is smartly handled. The proposed strategy is easily adaptable to other vehicles or different driving modes. The approach was validated with a power-level hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) platform for a reduced-scale hybrid dual ESS. This experimental test allows real-time verification of the proposed energy management and evaluates the ability to coordinate more efficiently the energy flow. The proposed approach enhances the battery lifetime by reducing the battery current root-mean-square (RMS) value by 12% compared to a battery-only architecture.
A 2-Gbit/s optical FSK heterodyne transmission experiment using a 1520-nm DFB laser transmitter (1987)

Optical FSK transmission at 2 Gbit/s using a directly modulated DFB laser at 1520-nm wavelength is reported. A receiver sensitivity of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\bar{P} = -36.7</tex> dBm ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\eta\bar{P} = -39.2</tex> dBm) at 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> BER was achieved for transmission over 101 km of single-mode fiber with no additional penalty attributable to the fiber. The effect of the nonlinear phase of the transmitter FM response, and the system performance for discriminator demodulation, including the impact of laser phase noise, is analyzed and compared with experimental results.
[Body weight and selected hematologic and biochemical parameters in calves fed various diets during milk feeding]. (1992)

The objective of the present paper was to obtain haematological and biochemical parameters of calves during their milk feeding. Another goal was to compare a current feed ration containing the commercial feed mixture Biosan with two alternative rations comprising skimmed milk and fat supplement. The effect of milk drink acidification and the effect of the physical form of fat added to skimmed milk were investigated. the calves were divided into six groups, by 6 to 8 calves each (P1-Biosan, PP1-acid variant, P2-skimmed milk+fat concentrate powder KMKS, PP2-acid variant, P3-skimmed milk+fat paste, PP3-acid variant). The highest average daily liveweight gains were recorded in calves fed on unacidified skimmed milk with fat paste supplement (1.074 kg)-Tab. I. The highest average daily liveweight gains were observed in calves fed on fat paste enriched milk drink (P3) while the calves administered milk with fat concentrate powder (P2) had only slightly higher average daily weight gains than the calves on Biosan diet (group P1). The growth of daily weight gains as a result of diets containing acidified milk (PP1 and PP2) is also a positive finding; this growth is even statistically significant in the former case (P < 0.05). The calves showed hypohaemoglobinaemia from the beginning of the experiment (51.3-69.0 g/l) and the low haematocrit value (0.29-0.43 l/l), Tab. II, while the plasma iron level was paradoxically high (Tab. V).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Performance evaluation of concatenated coding schemes on multilevel QAM signalling in non-Gaussian products environment (1993)

The performance of a concatenated coding scheme is studied over nonlinear channels when additive white Gaussian noise is considered in both the up and downlink. Bandwidth-efficient trellis codes using a 32-QAM signal set are used as inner codes and 3/4 rate convolutional codes as outer codes to achieve an overall bandwidth efficiency of 3 bit/s/Hz. Simulation results show that this coding system compared with an uncoded 8-PSK scheme, 3/4 convolutionally encoded 16-QAM systems and some TCM techniques, provides significant coding gains over linear and nonlinear channels.
Degradation of intracellular DNA in KB cells infected with cyt mutants of human adenovirus type 12 (1981)

A group of mutants (cyt mutants) with much reduced oncogenicity was isolated from the highly oncogenic human adenovirus type 12 (Takemori et al., Virology 36: 575-586, 1968). These mutants induce extensive cellular destruction during lytic infection of human cells and produce low yields of virions. We report here that human KB cells infected with cyt mutants synthesized a reduced amount of viral DNA as compared with cells infected with the parental virus. Furthermore, the newly synthesized viral and cellular DNAs were extensively degraded in mutant-infected cells. Viral DNA was first synthesized as complete genome size, and most of it was degraded to subgenomic size within 6 h after synthesis. This virus-induced DNA degradation function, as well as the low yield of virions, was prevented by co-infection with the parental virus.
Black Banks: A Survey and Analysis of the Literature (1985)

The analysis of the role of black banks in black economic development began in the early 1970s. At that time the focus was on the profitability of these institutions. Since then both the number of black banks and the research on their performance have increased significantly. This article reviews the recent literature on black banks in order to provide a conceptual framework for policies that will promote their growth and prosperity. The authors conclude that there is a clear need for future research in every area relating to black banks.
Development and Application of a Novel Peptide Nucleic Acid Probe for the Specific Detection of<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>in Gastric Biopsy Specimens (2007)

In this work, a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method for the rapid detection of Helicobacter pylori using a novel peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe is reported. Laboratory testing with several different bacterial species, including other Helicobacter spp., has shown that this probe is highly specific for H. pylori strains. In addition, the PNA FISH method has been successfully adapted for detection of the pathogen in paraffin-embedded gastric biopsy specimens.
Spatial processing for coherent noise reduction in ultrasonic imaging (1990)

When the target is received in the presence of coherent noise resulting from a large number of complex and randomly distributed scatterers inherent to the medium, the ability of the system to distinguish between the two types of signals often becomes the most crucial performance consideration. Conventional techniques that are capable of suppressing time-varying (incoherent) noise are generally not effective when the noise is time invariant (coherent). In recent years, diversity techniques have been developed that allow the decorrelation of the coherent noise term by altering either the transmitted frequency or the position of the transducer. Although the diversity techniques provide some noise suppression when used in conjunction with the conventional averaging algorithms, their potential benefits cannot be fully exploited by such linear techniques alone. In the work presented here, a nonlinear detection scheme based on the polarity of the spatially decorrelated signals is examined. The theoretical and experimental results indicate that the polarity-thresholding algorithm provides target enhancement that is far superior to the linear techniques previously used in spatial processing. Furthermore, the paper examines the spatial decorrelation properties of the experimental data to determine the desirable parameters for data acquisition and signal processing.