gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Global Co-ordination of Protein Translocation by the SecA IRA1 Switch (2004)

SecA, the dimeric ATPase subunit of protein translocase, contains a DEAD helicase catalytic core that binds to a regulatory C-terminal domain. We now demonstrate that IRA1, a conserved helix-loop-helix structure in the C-domain, controls C-domain conformation through direct interdomain contacts. C-domain conformational changes are transmitted to the DEAD motor and alter its conformation. These interactions establish DEAD motor/C-domain conformational cross-talk that requires a functional IRA1. IRA1-controlled binding/release cycles of the C-domain to the DEAD motor couple this cross-talk to protein translocation chemistries, i.e. DEAD motor affinities for ligands (nucleotides, preprotein signal peptides, and SecYEG, the integral membrane component of translocase) and ATP turnover. IRA1-mediated global co-ordination of SecA catalysis is essential for protein translocation.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCONTROLLED TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF THE CHIRAL BUILDING BLOCK (3S,4R)‐3‐((R)‐1‐HYDROXYETHYL)‐4‐ACETYLOXY‐AZETIDIN‐2‐ONE: A USEFUL SYNTHON FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF (+)‐THIENAMYCIN, CARBAPENEMS AND PENEMS (1985)

Abstract (SHS‐Hydroxyethylbutyrat (I) und das Imin (II) stellen Ausgangsverbindungen in der Synthese des sterisch spezifischen Azetidinons (VII) dar, wobei verschiedene Zwischenwege beschrieben werden.
The electrical properties and device applications of homoepitaxial and polycrystalline diamond films (1991)

Electronic applications of semiconductor diamonds are addressed. Doping and electrical properties of these films, formation of low-resistive 'ohmic' contacts, surface modification methods, and experimental device applications are discussed. Of particular interest are high-temperature (300 degrees C) MOSFETs and metal contacts to CVD (chemical vapor deposition) diamond films which were used to fabricate high-temperature (580 degrees C) Schottky diodes, rudimentary MESFETs, and blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The status of the emerging technology is reviewed with an emphasis on the areas of current research activity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Morphology of Scoliosis: Three-Dimensional Evolution (1987)

The clinical examination of the scoliotic child's profile shows that it does not correspond to the physiological curvatures. This three-dimensional study of scoliosis shows evidence of the existence of three components, frontal, sagittal, and axial. Each generates a pathological displacement of the vertebrae maximal at the apical vertebral level. Because of rotation, in order to analyze each of the components, radiographs must be taken along the frontal or sagittal plane of the vertebrae. A comparative study of the sagittal and frontal components during progression of scoliosis indicates that the apical vertebrae are displaced not only laterally but also forward and then backward. The apical vertebrae are situated anteriorly with respect to the end vertebrae. If the scoliotic curves progress, the apical vertebrae eventually become displaced backward. During this displacement at a given moment they are situated in the frontal plane of the child at the same level as the upper end vertebra; then they come to lie behind this if the scoliosis continues to progress. This explains why, when observed from the side, the appearance changes and passes through three successive stages, lordosis, flat back, and kyphosis.
<title>Porous-matrix holography for nonspatial filtering of lasers</title> (1995)

A novel technique is described for laser beam cleanup, the nonspatial filter, which is based on the Bragg selectivity of thick holograms. Unlike pinhole and fiber spatial filters, which employ lenses and apertures in the transform plane, nonspatial filters operate directly on the laser beam. This eliminates the need for laser beam focusing, which is the source of many of the alignment instabilities and laser power limitations of spatial filters. Standard holographic materials are not suitable for this application because differential shrinkage during processing limits the maximum Bragg angle selectivity attainable. This paper describes a new technology which eliminates the problem of differential shrinkage. This technology is based on the use of a rigid porous substrate material, such as porous gas, filled with a light sensitive material, such as holographic photopolymers or dichromated gelatin. We report preliminary results of holographic nonspatial filtering of a laser beam in one dimension, with an angular selectivity of less than 1 milliradian.
Hybrid Multi-module Security Policy Verification (2007)

To build a powerful and flexible security policy verification tool, it is very important to use the approach which allows covering all possible inconsistencies, has open (extendable) architecture and efficient verification implementation. We suggest using a family of different verification modules each of which can work with acceptable computational complexity for the particular types of conflicts, the system scale and the policy complication. The poster describes a common approach to security policy verification and presents a novel hybrid multi-module security checker (SEC) software tool that can serve as a security policy debugger for various categories of security policy, including authentication, authorization, filtering, channel protection and operational rules.
A tiny directional sound sensor inspired by crickets designed for micro-air vehicles (2011)

Insects can accurately navigate and track sound sources in complex environments using efficient methods based on highly appropriate sensory-motor processing systems. It is proposed here to describe, model and test these methods, by designing them for a micro-flying device. For this purpose, a new bio-mimetic acoustic sensor inspired by the cricket's auditory system was developed and tested. The sound sensor consists of two tiny omnidirectional microphones weighing only 0.1g, equipped with acoustic resonators and a biomimetic temporal processing system. The hearing system was tuned to the carrier frequency of the sound source, which is 4.7kHz (the frequency of crickets' song). The performances of the directional sound sensor were tested and described in terms of their linearity and accuracy, and their robustness to sound disturbances and dynamic sound source movements.
Prospects for the control of host defenses. (1982)

Systemic host defenses include phagocytic cells (neutrophils and macrophages), humoral immunity, and cell-mediated immunity. It may be beneficial to increase host defenses to prevent and treat infections, cancer, and often acquired or systemic immunodeficiency disorders. On the other hand, inhibition of immune responsiveness is desirable to prevent and treat rejection of organ grafts, allergic reactions, and autoimmune diseases. There are three general ways to modulate host defenses--pharmacologic agents, radiation, and biologic manipulation. The first two have been most widely applied but lack specificity. Thus, they generally inhibit a variety of immune responses that can lead to undesirable side effects such as infections and cancer. Nonspecificity is generally desirable in stimulating neutrophils and macrophages because it may not be known which bacterium is causing the infection or because several may be involved. Biologic manipulations have the advantage of great specificity but are much more difficult to apply to humans. Some of these types of manipulations that seem to hold promise are stimulators of phagocytosis, immunologic tolerance, control of specific subsets of T lymphocytes, monoclonal antibodies, and interferon. Immune modulation has a price-cancer, susceptibility to infection, toxicity of drugs, serum sickness, anaphylactic reactions, Arthus reaction, and disseminated infection with live viral vaccines.
Condensed heterocycles: synthesis and antifungal activity of .pi.-deficient pyrimidines linked with .pi.-rich heterocycles (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCondensed heterocycles: synthesis and antifungal activity of .pi.-deficient pyrimidines linked with .pi.-rich heterocyclesRahat H. Khan and Romesh C. RastogiCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1991, 39, 12, 2300–2303Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00012a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00012a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views187Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
p0071/PKP4, a multifunctional protein coordinating cell adhesion with cytoskeletal organization (2013)

P0071 is a member of a subfamily of armadillo proteins that also comprises p120-catenin (p120ctn), δ-catenin/NPRAP, ARVCF and the more distantly related plakophilins 1-3. These proteins share a conserved central domain consisting of a series of repeated motifs, the armadillo repeats, which is flanked by more diverse amino- and carboxy-terminal domains. P0071 and the related proteins were first described as components of adherens junctions with a function in clustering and stabilizing cadherins, thereby controlling intercellular adhesion. In addition, these proteins show a cytoplasmic and a nuclear localization. Major progress in understanding their cytoplasmic role has been made in recent years. One common theme appears to be the spatiotemporal control of the small GTPases of the Rho family in various cellular contexts, such as cell adhesion and motility, cell division or neurite outgrowth. In this review article, we focus on the functions of the p0071 protein and its closest relatives in regulating cell adhesion and cytoskeletal organization, which are critically involved in the control of cell polarity. Understanding p0071's multiple functions requires assigning specific functions to particular binding partners and subcellular compartments. The identification of several new p0071 interacting proteins has promoted our understanding of the complex functions of this protein. Moreover, an initial analysis of its regulation begins to shed light on how these functions are coordinated in a cellular context.
Raking It All Up After 10 Years (2005)

For two years, Norwegian People's Aid (NPA) in Sri Lanka has provided assistance to the Tamil demining groups and authorities, helping them to refine their own systems and to meet the requirements of the International Mine Action Standards. Uniquely, they have achieved this without losing the low-cost features that are essential to any locally sustainable method. Recently NPA has begun to support a similar process in government-controlled areas, working with both the army—in cooperation with RONCO—and civil demining groups. Their civil partners are the Milinda Morigoda Institute for People's Empowerment, HORIZON and SARVATRA—the first is a local Sri Lankan non-governmental organization (NGO) moving into humanitarian demining and the latter two are demining branches of development NGOs based in India and staffed by experienced deminers.
Simultaneous absolute frequency control of laser transmitters in both 1.3 and 1.55 μm bands for multiwavelength communication systems (1996)

Absolute frequency control will be an essential part of future dense WDM systems. In this paper, we demonstrate two promising techniques that allow the absolute frequency control of an ensemble of laser transmitters operating in both the 1.3 and 1.55 /spl mu/m bands. First, a Michelson interferometer is absolutely calibrated by means of a frequency-stabilized master DFB laser. This interferometer provides an ensemble of evenly-spaced absolute frequency references that covers both the 1.3 and 1.55 /spl mu/m regions. Lasers are frequency-locked to transmission nulls of this interferometer with a precision of a few hundred MHz. The second technique allows full flexibility in channel frequency assignment and relies on frequency offset control of an ensemble of laser sources relative to a master reference laser. The frequency comparator is based on a surface-emitting nonlinear semiconductor multilayer waveguide. This technique provides simultaneous frequency measurement and control of lasers in both bands with a precision of a few GHz.
Simvastatin suppresses breast cancer cell proliferation induced by senescent cells (2015)

Cellular senescence suppresses cancer by preventing the proliferation of damaged cells, but senescent cells can also promote cancer though the pro-inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Simvastatin, an HMG-coA reductase inhibitor, is known to attenuate inflammation and prevent certain cancers. Here, we show that simvastatin decreases the SASP of senescent human fibroblasts by inhibiting protein prenylation, without affecting the senescent growth arrest. The Rho family GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42 were activated in senescent cells, and simvastatin reduced both activities. Further, geranylgeranyl transferase, Rac1 or Cdc42 depletion reduced IL-6 secretion by senescent cells. We also show that simvastatin mitigates the effects of senescent conditioned media on breast cancer cell proliferation and endocrine resistance. Our findings identify a novel activity of simvastatin and mechanism of SASP regulation. They also suggest that senescent cells, which accumulate after radio/chemo therapy, promote endocrine resistance in breast cancer and that simvastatin might suppress this resistance.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome: Capture-recapture method should be used to count how many cases of SARS really exist (2003)

EDITOR—Parry suggested that the epidemic of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is beginning to slow.1 This is probably true as cold and influenza viruses naturally dissipate during the summer (nonflu season2). This observed reduction would include the coronaviruses, which have been estimated to result in around 30% of the reported …
Laminated Carbon Nanotube Networks for Metal Electrode-Free Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells (2014)

Organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells were fabricated by laminating films of a carbon nanotube (CNT) network onto a CH3NH3PbI3 substrate as a hole collector, bypassing the energy-consuming vacuum process of metal deposition. In the absence of an organic hole-transporting material and metal contact, CH3NH3PbI3 and CNTs formed a solar cell with an efficiency of up to 6.87%. The CH3NH3PbI3/CNTs solar cells were semitransparent and showed photovoltaic output with dual side illuminations due to the transparency of the CNT electrode. Adding spiro-OMeTAD to the CNT network forms a composite electrode that improved the efficiency to 9.90% due to the enhanced hole extraction and reduced recombination in solar cells. The interfacial charge transfer and transport in solar cells were investigated through photoluminescence and impedance measurements. The flexible and transparent CNT network film shows great potential for realizing flexible and semitransparent perovskite solar cells.
Egg Candling and Breakout Analysis (2004)

Candling hatching eggs during incubation and breakout examination of the clear eggs or dead embryos are useful tools for hatchery managers to use in maintaining quality assurance and analyzing poor hatches. Other tools include monitoring the temperature of the egg storage room, incubator temperature, incubator humidity, shell quality, chick quality, hatching percentage, bacterial counts in air or on hatchery surfaces, and egg moisture loss during incubation.
Effect of Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotube on Fracture Mechanical Property of Cement-Based Composite (2010)

Cementitious composites reinforced with multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWNT) (MWFRC) were prepared with surfactant dispersion, ultrasonication, and subsequently high-speed mixing process. Fracture mechanical performance of the cured MWFRC was characterized according to three-point bending method (ASTM 399). It is found that the addition of nanotubes significantly improve the flexural strength, the stress-intensity factor of the nanocomosites with dispersed MWNT fiber, the maximal enhancement amplitude is near to 45%, 80% with respect to the baseline, respectively. The superior fiber bridging capability of the dispersed MWNTs upon the micro-cracks contributes to the reinforcement to cement matrix.
Free mRNA in excess upon polysome dissociation is a scaffold for protein multimerization to form stress granules (2014)

The sequence of events leading to stress granule assembly in stressed cells remains elusive. We show here, using isotope labeling and ion microprobe, that proportionally more RNA than proteins are present in stress granules than in surrounding cytoplasm. We further demonstrate that the delivery of single strand polynucleotides, mRNA and ssDNA, to the cytoplasm can trigger stress granule assembly. On the other hand, increasing the cytoplasmic level of mRNA-binding proteins like YB-1 can directly prevent the aggregation of mRNA by forming isolated mRNPs, as evidenced by atomic force microscopy. Interestingly, we also discovered that enucleated cells do form stress granules, demonstrating that the translocation to the cytoplasm of nuclear prion-like RNA-binding proteins like TIA-1 is dispensable for stress granule assembly. The results lead to an alternative view on stress granule formation based on the following sequence of events: after the massive dissociation of polysomes during stress, mRNA-stabilizing proteins like YB-1 are outnumbered by the burst of nonpolysomal mRNA. mRNA freed of ribosomes thus becomes accessible to mRNA-binding aggregation-prone proteins or misfolded proteins, which induces stress granule formation. Within the frame of this model, the shuttling of nuclear mRNA-stabilizing proteins to the cytoplasm could dissociate stress granules or prevent their assembly.
Balanced biosynthesis of major membrane components through regulated degradation of the committed enzyme of lipid A biosynthesis by the AAA protease FtsH (HflB) in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1999)

The suppressor mutation, named sfhC21 , that allows Escherichia coli ftsH null mutant cells to survive was found to be an allele of fabZ encoding R ‐3‐hydroxyacyl‐ACP dehydrase, involved in a key step of fatty acid biosynthesis, and appears to upregulate the dehydrase. The ftsH1 (Ts) mutation increased the amount of lipopolysaccharide at 42°C. This was accompanied by a dramatic increase in the amount of UDP‐3‐ O ‐( R ‐3‐hydroxymyristoyl)‐ N ‐acetylglucosamine deacetylase [the lpxC ( envA ) gene product] involved in the committed step of lipid A biosynthesis. Pulse‐chase experiments and in vitro assays with purified components showed that FtsH, the AAA‐type membrane‐bound metalloprotease, degrades the deacetylase. Genetic evidence also indicated that the FtsH protease activity for the deacetylase might be affected when acyl‐ACP pools were altered. The biosynthesis of phospholipids and the lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharide, both of which derive their fatty acyl chains from the same R ‐3‐hydroxyacyl‐ACP pool, is regulated by FtsH.
Electrochemistry at single molecule occupancy in nanopore-confined recessed ring-disk electrode arrays (2016)

Electrochemical reactions at nanoscale structures possess unique characteristics, e.g. fast mass transport, high signal-to-noise ratio at low concentration, and insignificant ohmic losses even at low electrolyte concentrations. These properties motivate the fabrication of high density, laterally ordered arrays of nanopores, embedding vertically stacked metal-insulator-metal electrode structures and exhibiting precisely controlled pore size and interpore spacing for use in redox cycling. These nanoscale recessed ring-disk electrode (RRDE) arrays exhibit current amplification factors, AF<sub>RC</sub>, as large as 55-fold with Ru(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub><sup>2/3+</sup>, indicative of capture efficiencies at the top and bottom electrodes, Φ<sub>t,b</sub>, exceeding 99%. Finite element simulations performed to investigate the concentration distribution of redox species and to assess operating characteristics are in excellent agreement with experiment. AF<sub>RC</sub> increases as the pore diameter, at constant pore spacing, increases in the range 200-500 nm and as the pore spacing, at constant pore diameter, decreases in the range 1000-460 nm. Optimized nanoscale RRDE arrays exhibit a linear current response with concentration ranging from 0.1 μM to 10 mM and a small capacitive current with scan rate up to 100 V s<sup>-1</sup>. At the lowest concentrations, the average pore occupancy is 〈n〉 ∼ 0.13 molecule establishing productive electrochemical signals at occupancies at and below the single molecule level in these nanoscale RRDE arrays.
A Robust Network Architecture to Detect Normal Chest X-Ray Radiographs (2020)

We propose a novel deep neural network architecture for normalcy detection in chest x-ray images. This architecture treats the problem as fine-grained binary classification in which the normal cases are well-defined as a class while leaving all other cases in the broad class of abnormal. It employs several components that allow generalization and prevent overfitting across demographics. The model is trained and validated on a large public dataset of frontal chest X-ray images. It is then tested independently on images from a clinical institution of differing patient demographics using a three radiologist consensus for ground truth labeling. The model provides an area under ROC curve of 0.96 when tested on 1271 images. We can automatically remove nearly a third of disease-free chest X-ray screening images from the workflow, without introducing any false negatives (100% sensitivity to disease) thus raising the potential of expediting radiology workflows in hospitals in future.
Levels of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor in serum from humans vaccinated with live, attenuated Francisella tularensis (1995)

The levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha in serum did not change significantly during the course of immunization with the live vaccine strain of Francisella tularensis. Higher levels of circulating IL-6 were found in the sera of vaccinees with good antibody responses than in the sera from nonresponders. Preimmunization levels of IL-6 in serum were also higher in responders than in nonresponders.
Optimization of Active Saponin, Arganine C, for Microbicidal External Use (2004)

Abstract The antiviral activities of the saponins, arganine C, and tieghemelin were described earlier [Gosse, B.K.; Gnabre, J.N.; Ito, Y.; Huang, R.C.; J. Liq. Chrom. Rel. Technol. 2002, 25 (20), 3199–3211]. In this paper, conversion of tieghemelin to arganine C, a stronger antiviral entry saponin for a new microbicide is described. The crude saponin fraction (arganine C/tieghemilin = 1:2) obtained by high‐speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) [Ito, Y.: CRC Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 1986, 17 (1), 65–143], was treated with 2‐ethoxy‐1‐ethoxycarbonyl‐1,2‐dihydroquinoline (EEDQ) in dimethylformamide (DMF) and refluxed for 5 hr. The reaction mixture shows a single peak which represents arganine C by HSCCC. From 700 mg of the crude sample, 500 mg of pure arganine was obtained.