gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HOXA5-Induced Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells Is Mediated by Caspases 2 and 8 (2003)

HOXA5 is a transcriptional factor whose expression is lost in more than 60% of breast carcinomas. Our previous work demonstrated that the overexpression of HOXA5 in MCF7 cells resulted in cell death through a p53-dependent apoptotic pathway. To determine whether p53-independent apoptotic pathways are involved in HOXA5-induced cell death, we engineered a p53-mutant breast cancer cell line, Hs578T, to inducibly express HOXA5. Induction of HOXA5 expression led to cell death with features typical of apoptosis within 24 h, and the expression levels of mutant p53 and its target genes either decreased or remained unchanged. To decipher apoptotic pathways, the HOXA5-expressing cells were treated with a variety of apoptotic inhibitors. Besides a general caspase inhibitor, caspase 2- and 8-specific inhibitors largely abolished HOXA5-induced apoptosis, whereas caspase 1-, 3-, 6-, and 9-specific inhibitors had no significant effects. Western blot analysis further confirmed that caspases 2 and 8 were activated after the induction of HOXA5 expression. Further, several small interfering RNAs which specifically silenced caspase 2 and caspase 8 expression significantly blocked HOXA5-induced apoptosis. HOXA5 expression could also sensitize cells to tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced apoptosis by at least 100-fold. These results indicate that expression of HOXA5 can induce apoptosis through an apoptotic mechanism mediated by caspases 2 and 8.
Antifungal Streptomyces spp. Associated with the Infructescences of Protea spp. in South Africa (2016)

Common saprophytic fungi are seldom present in <i>Protea</i> infructescences, which is strange given the abundance of mainly dead plant tissue in this moist protected environment. We hypothesized that the absence of common saprophytic fungi in <i>Protea</i> infructescences could be due to a special symbiosis where the presence of microbes producing antifungal compounds protect the infructescence. Using a culture based survey, employing selective media and <i>in vitro</i> antifungal assays, we isolated antibiotic producing actinomycetes from infructescences of <i>Protea repens</i> and <i>P</i>. <i>neriifolia</i> from two geographically separated areas. Isolates were grouped into three different morphological groups and appeared to be common in the <i>Protea</i> spp. examined in this study. The three groups were supported in 16S rRNA and multi-locus gene trees and were identified as potentially novel <i>Streptomyces</i> spp. All of the groups had antifungal activity <i>in vitro</i>. <i>Streptomyces</i> sp. Group 1 had inhibitory activity against all tested fungi and the active compound produced by this species was identified as fungichromin. <i>Streptomyces</i> spp. Groups 2 and 3 had lower inhibition against all tested fungi, while Group 3 showed limited inhibition against <i>Candida albicans</i> and <i>Sporothrix</i> isolates. The active compound for Group 2 was also identified as fungichromin even though its production level was much lower than Group 1. The antifungal activity of Group 3 was linked to actiphenol. The observed antifungal activity of the isolated actinomycetes could contribute to protection of the plant material against common saprophytic fungi, as fungichromin was also detected in extracts of the infructescence. The results of this study suggest that the antifungal <i>Streptomyces</i> spp. could play an important role in defining the microbial population associated with <i>Protea</i> infructescences.
The familial Mediterranean fever protein, pyrin, associates with microtubules and colocalizes with actin filaments (2001)

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a recessive disorder characterized by episodes of fever and intense inflammation. FMF attacks are unique in their sensitivity to the microtubule inhibitor colchicine, contrasted with their refractoriness to the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids. The FMF gene, MEFV, was recently identified by positional cloning; it is expressed at high levels in granulocytes and monocytes. The present study investigated the subcellular localization of the normal gene product, pyrin. These experiments did not support previously proposed nuclear or Golgi localizations. Instead fluorescence microscopy demonstrated colocalization of full-length GFP- and epitope-tagged pyrin with microtubules; this was markedly accentuated in paclitaxel-treated cells. Moreover, immunoblot analysis of precipitates of stabilized microtubules with recombinant pyrin demonstrated a direct interaction in vitro. Pyrin expression did not affect the stability of microtubules. Deletion constructs showed that the unique N-terminal domain of pyrin is necessary and sufficient for colocalization, whereas disease-associated mutations in the C-terminal B30.2 (rfp) domain did not disrupt this interaction. By phalloidin staining, a colocalization of pyrin with actin was also observed in perinuclear filaments and in peripheral lamellar ruffles. The proposal is made that pyrin regulates inflammatory responses at the level of leukocyte cytoskeletal organization and that the unique therapeutic effect of colchicine in FMF may be dependent on this interaction. (Blood. 2001;98:851-859)
Enhanced Oil Recovery using Foam Injection; a Mechanistic Approach (2013)

Abstract On the average, conventional production methods will produce from a reservoir about 30% of the initial oil in place. The remaining oil, nearly 70% of the initial resource, is a large and attractive target for enhanced oil recovery methods. One of the EOR techniques used is gas flooding. Gases used in gas-flooding (such as CO2, Hydrocarbons, N2, etc.) are normally less viscous (more than one order of magnitude less) and less dense than both water and crude oil, which results in gas channelling through the high permeability zones and gravity overriding. Thus, gas flooding normally has poor volumetric sweep efficiency, especially in an immiscible displacement, with the displacing phase being a lower viscosity. A need for mobility control in gas flooding has led to the use of foam for sweep improvement and profile modification. Foam is employed to improve the efficiency by which the displacing fluid sweeps the reservoir and contacts and recovers oil. The objective of this study is to investigate the application of foam injection as an enhanced oil recovery process in Reservoirs. This research was aimed at investigating the possible Increase in Nigeria's Oil production through the use of foam to reduce gas mobility in the porous media, consequently improving volumetric sweep efficiency and oil recovery. In conducting this research, a static model was developed using a static modelling software, the model was then populated with Petrophysical properties peculiar to sandstone reservoirs. Pressure volume and temperature properties as well as pressure and saturation dependent properties were defined for the model using relevant correlations. The model was then simulated using a dynamic modelling software to mimic the foam injection process. Results such as field oil recovery, cumulative oil recovery, gas oil ratio, water cut and production rate were compared with the case in which gas injection without foam is been implemented. A significant increase in oil recovery was observed for the foam injection case compared to the gas flooding without injection while a significant reduction in gas oil ratio and gas produced was observed. This was due to the reduction in gas mobility caused by the presence of foam in the reservoir. A simple economic analysis tool was then used to determine the economic feasibility of the project which was discovered to be viable.
Are the β-Cell Signaling Molecules Malonyl-CoA and Cystolic Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Implicated in Multiple Tissue Defects of Obesity and NIDDM? (1996)

Widely held theories of the pathogenesis of obesity-associated NIDDM have implicated apparently incompatible events as seminal: 1) insulin resistance in muscle, 2) abnormal secretion of insulin, and 3) increases in intra-abdominal fat. Altered circulating or tissue lipids are characteristic features of obesity and NIDDM. The etiology of these defects is not known. In this perspective, we propose that the same metabolic events, elevated malonyl-CoA and long-chain acyl-CoA (LC-CoA), in various tissues mediate, in part, the pleiotropic alterations characteristic of obesity and NIDDM. We review the evidence in support of the emerging concept that malonyl-CoA and LC-CoA act as metabolic coupling factors in beta-cell signal transduction, linking fuel metabolism to insulin secretion. We suggest that acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which synthesizes malonyl-CoA, a "signal of plenty," and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1, which is regulated by it, may perform as fuel sensors in the beta-cell, integrating the concentrations of all circulating fuel stimuli in the beta-cell as well as in muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. The target effectors of LC-CoA may include protein kinase C sub-types, complex lipid formation, genes encoding metabolic enzymes or transduction factors, and protein acylation. We support the concept that only under conditions in which both glucose and lipids are plentiful will the metabolic abnormality, which may be termed glucolipoxia, become apparent. If our hypothesis is correct that common signaling abnormalities in the metabolism of malonyl-CoA and LC-CoA contribute to altered insulin release and sensitivity, it offers a novel explanation for the presence of variable combinations of these defects in individuals with differing genetic backgrounds and for the fact that it has been difficult to determine whether one or the other is the primary event.
[Tocopherol Succinate Reference Standard (Control 881) of National Institute of Hygienic Sciences]. (1990)

Tocopherol succinate was tested for the preparation of "Tocopherol Succinate Reference Standard (Control 881)". Analytical data obtained were as follows: infrared spectrum, same as Tocopherol Succinate Reference Standard (Control 851); absorbance, E1cm1% (286 nm) = 40.5; thin-layer chromatography, contaminants were not detected until 50 micrograms; high-performance liquid chromatography, three contaminants were detected; loss on drying, 0.09%; assay, 100.0%. On the basis of the above results, this material was authorized as the Japanese Pharmacopoeia Standard (Control 881).
Analysis of compression of frequency chirped optical pulses by a strongly dispersive grating pair (1979)

An optical pulse compression medium formed by two parallel gratings can be strongly dispersive if the diffracted beam emerges at grazing angle from the surface of the first grating. Strong dispersion makes possible temporal compression of broad incident pulses. However, sufficiently strong dispersion is accompanied by a nonlinear variation of group delay with carrier frequency, which will cause the envelope of the compressed pulse to be distorted and limit the minimum attainable pulse width. Strong dispersion as a limiting influence upon compression of linearly chirped pulses is examined for the grating pair at several laser wavelengths. Specific examples are discussed for the compression of CO(2) laser pulses at 10.6-microm wavelength.
Cointegration of optoelectronics and submicron CMOS (2002)

Two specific issues impacting the eventual application of optical interconnection in full-wafer systems are addressed. The first issue is growth of GaAs semiconductor regions within a silicon wafer scale integration (WSI) or multichip module (MCM) substrate containing high performance silicon CMOS circuitry, in order to cointegrate optical and silicon VLSI devices. The second concerns the addition of VLSI electronics to obtain a detector array which can electronically establish alignment with an incident bundle of optical beams. These issues are considered from the perspective of massively parallel optical interconnections between packaged wafer-level components.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Parathyroid hormone and its effects on dental tissues (2011)

In the current era, various pharmacological agents exist for osteoporosis management, and synthetic parathyroid hormone (PTH) (Teriparatide, Forteo) is one of the treatment options. Depending on the timing of administration, PTH has a unique ability to cause both bone apposition and bone resorption. This review focuses on the effects of PTH on the bone, specifically the jaw bones mandible and maxilla. The article briefly describes the fundamental mechanism of PTH action at the molecular level, as well as in experimental animals and in humans. It differentiates intermittent administration of PTH, especially at doses tolerated by humans that increase bone strength and prevent bone fractures, from continuous use that may lead to bone loss. In particular, it shows how intermittent administration of PTH can play a significant role in periodontal repair and implant success via stimulation of bone mineral content especially in the pre-alveolar region.
Temperature dependence of the resistance of metallic nanowires of diameter<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mo>⩾</mml:mo><mml:mn>15</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="0.3em"/><mml:mi>nm</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>: Applicability of Bloch-Grüneisen theorem (2006)

We have measured the resistances (and resistivities) of Ag and Cu nanowires of diameters ranging from $15\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}200\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ in the temperature range $4.2--300\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ with the specific aim of assessing the applicability of the Bloch-Gr\"uneisen formula for electron-phonon resistivity in these nanowires. The wires were grown within polymeric templates by electrodeposition. We find that in all the samples the resistance reaches a residual value at $T=4.2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ and the temperature dependence of resistance can be fitted to the Bloch-Gr\"uneisen formula in the entire temperature range with a well-defined transport Debye temperature $({\ensuremath{\Theta}}_{R})$. The values of the Debye temperature obtained from the fits lie within 8% of the bulk value for Ag wires of diameter $15\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ while for Cu nanowires of the same diameter the Debye temperature is significantly less than the bulk value. The electron-phonon coupling constants (measured by ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\mathit{el}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{ph}}$ or ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{R}$) in the nanowires were found to have the same value as in the bulk. The resistivities of the wires were seen to increase as the wire diameter was decreased. This increase in the resistivity of the wires may be attributed to surface scattering of conduction electrons. The specularity $p$ was estimated to be about 0.5. The observed results allow us to obtain the resistivities exactly from the resistance and give us a method of obtaining the exact numbers of wires within the measured array (grown within the template).
Prostatic acid phosphatase assay with self-indicating substrate 2,6-dichloro-4-acetylphenyl phosphate (1995)

We characterized six self-indicating substrates, synthesized as the derivative compounds of acetylphenyl phosphate, for serum prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) activity. One of the substrates, 2,6-dichloro-4-acetylphenyl phosphate (DCAPP), is superior to others in terms of stability, affinity, and low Km for PAP. The hydrolyzed product, 2,6-dichloro-4-acetylphenol (DCAP), has a maximum absorption at 334.2 nm, a pKa of 4.15, and a molar absorptivity at 340 nm of 21,490 L.mol-1.cm-1 in citrate-HCl buffer, pH 5.4. PAP activity was assessed by subtracting tartaric acid-inhibited acid phosphatase activity from total acid phosphatase activity. Our assay system involving DCAPP is a unique kinetic method that shows good reproducibility, wide analytical dynamic range, and high specificity for PAP. Moreover, it is easily adaptable to automated analyzers because the product, DCAP, can be monitored at 340 nm.
Towards modeling context-sensitive interactive applications (2005)

The construction of software systems is becoming increasingly complex because of the changing environments the software is supposed to function in. Taking into account the context of use, how the system reacts and anticipates changes in its working environment, is important for a wide range of applications, such as mobile services for example, Model-driven design is already widely accepted as a software engineering methodology to cope with these new type of requirements. This approach is known both in software engineering (e.g. model-driven architecture) as in the design of user interfaces (model-based user interface development), but although they target the same deficiencies from traditional approaches, there is still a gap between both. New modeling elements are necessary that allow the designer to make both context of use and user interactions explicit in the design phase and to create context-sensitive software that will be more robust and usable. We extend the UML 2.0 notation to address the aforementioned issues and present extensions to support the modeling of context-sensitive interactive applications. These extensions are defined in a new UML profile that can easily be used in existing modeling environments.
Object Region Mining with Adversarial Erasing: A Simple Classification to Semantic Segmentation Approach (2017)

We investigate a principle way to progressively mine discriminative object regions using classification networks to address the weakly-supervised semantic segmentation problems. Classification networks are only responsive to small and sparse discriminative regions from the object of interest, which deviates from the requirement of the segmentation task that needs to localize dense, interior and integral regions for pixel-wise inference. To mitigate this gap, we propose a new adversarial erasing approach for localizing and expanding object regions progressively. Starting with a single small object region, our proposed approach drives the classification network to sequentially discover new and complement object regions by erasing the current mined regions in an adversarial manner. These localized regions eventually constitute a dense and complete object region for learning semantic segmentation. To further enhance the quality of the discovered regions by adversarial erasing, an online prohibitive segmentation learning approach is developed to collaborate with adversarial erasing by providing auxiliary segmentation supervision modulated by the more reliable classification scores. Despite its apparent simplicity, the proposed approach achieves 55.0% and 55.7% mean Intersection-over-Union (mIoU) scores on PASCAL VOC 2012 val and test sets, which are the new state-of-the-arts.
Efficient systolic string matching (1990)

Two new string matching heuristics are presented which reduce the hardware requirement and improve the computation speed of the systolic string matcher due to Lipton and Lopresti1 The new array requires A = m/2 + n/2 −1 basic cells, T = m/2 + n/2 −1 + max (m, n) steps to match strings of size n and m,respectively, and has efficiency e = 1 (100%). A measure of the heuristic effectiveness compared with the minimum edit distance is also given
Discovery of Novel, Potent Benzamide Inhibitors of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 (11β-HSD1) Exhibiting Oral Activity in an Enzyme Inhibition ex Vivo Model<sup>▽</sup> (2008)

We report the discovery of potent benzamide inhibitors of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD1). The optimization and correlation of in vitro and in vivo metabolic stability will be described. Through modifications to our initial lead 2, we discovered pyridyl compound 13. This compound has a favorable pharmacokinetic profile across three species and showed a dose-dependent decrease in adipose 11beta-HSD1 activity in a monkey ex vivo pharmacodynamic model.
Growth inhibition of myeloid leukemia cells by troglitazone, a ligand for peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma, and retinoids. (1999)

Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) plays a central role in the process of adipocyte differentiation. This receptor and its heterodimeric partner, retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha), form a DNA-binding complex that regulates transcription of adipocyte-specific genes. Troglitazone, an antidiabetic drug, has recently been identified as a synthetic ligand for PPARgamma. We studied the effects of troglitazone on proliferation and differentiation of normal and malignant hematopoietic cells. Expression of PPARgamma was easily detectable by Western blot analyses in all five myeloid leukemia cell lines. Troglitazone alone (10-5 M) did not induce differentiation in any of the cell lines; however, this compound suppressed the clonal growth (10-75% of inhibition) of all five myeloid leukemia cell lines. Myelomonocytic U937 cells, which were the most responsive to the growth suppressing effects of troglitazone, were arrested in the G1 phase of the cell cycle when cultured with this compound. Simultaneous treatment of myeloid leukemia cell lines with both troglitazone and a ligand that specifically binds either RXR (LG100268), or retinoic acid receptors (RAR, ATRA, ALART1550), or both (9-cis RA) resulted in additive suppression of clonal growth. In summary, our studies showed that troglitazone when combined with a retinoid was a moderately potent inhibitor of clonogenic growth of acute myeloid leukemia cells.
From 2D towards 3D cartography of hollow organs (2010)

Endoscopy is a standard imaging modality commonly used in different medical fields like lesion diagnosis in hollow organs or mini-invasive surgery. Meanwhile, endoscopic data suffer from the fact that each image of a video-sequence only corresponds to a small 2D field of view. This paper presents a mosaicing algorithm leading to visually coherent large field of view maps. The ability of the algorithm to build 2D bladder maps is assessed with both phantom and patient data. This contribution describes also a 3D cartography method and gives preliminary surface reconstruction results on phantoms with bladder textures.
220. High-temperature phase equilibria in the system dicalcium silicate–tricalcium phosphate (1959)

R. W. Nurse, J. H. Welch and W. Gutt, J. Chem. Soc., 1959, 1077 DOI: 10.1039/JR9590001077