gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enrichment of rab11, a small GTP-binding protein, in gastric parietal cells (1994)

Parietal cell secretion of acid requires the coordinated fusion of H(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase)-containing tubulovesicles with a secretory canalicular target membrane. We have previously reported the presence of rab2 on parietal cell tubulovesicles (L. H. Tang, S. A. Stoch, I. M. Modlin, and J. R. Goldenring. Biochem. J. 285: 715-719, 1992). Since 60% of the small GTP-binding protein sequences obtained from parietal cells were > 95% homologous with human rab11 (J. R. Goldenring, K. R. Shen, H. D. Vaughan, and I.M. Modlin. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 18419-18422, 1993), we sought to study rab11 in gastric parietal cells. A complete rab11 sequence was obtained, and the deduced amino acid sequence of rabbit rab11 was identical to that for human. Rab11 mRNA was present throughout the gastrointestinal mucosa. mRNA for both rab11 and rab2 were enriched in isolated parietal cells compared with chief cells. A polyclonal antiserum against rab11 labeled a single 25-kDa band in isolated parietal cells. Immunostaining of rat fundic tissue demonstrated prominent staining of parietal cells. Rab11 staining cosegregated with alpha-H(+)-K(+)-ATPase staining in enriched preparations of rabbit parietal cell tubulovesicles. These results suggest that rab11 is enriched in parietal cells and is associated with intracellular tubulovesicles.
Establishment of a human megakaryoblastic cell line (T-33) from chronic myelogenous leukemia in megakaryoblastic crisis. (1988)

A megakaryoblastic cell line, termed T-33, was established from the peripheral blood of a patient with Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia in megakaryoblastic crisis. T-33 cells have been maintained in RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% fetal calf serum in a single cell suspension with a doubling time of 24-36 h for over 2 years. Giemsa-banded karyotypes were female hyperdiploid with a modal chromosomal number of 51, all cells including Philadelphia chromosome. The cells showed strong positivity for periodic acid-Schiff and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, and weak for alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase, but were negative for myeloperoxidase. Flow cytometric analysis of cell surface markers showed the existence of HLA-DR, MY-7, MY-9, and a platelet antigen (Yukb), and no markers for T- or B-lymphocytes. Most of the cells fixed with acetone were positive for Factor VIII, platelet glycoprotein IIb-IIIa, IIIa (Yukb), and Ib, but negative for glycophorin A and hemoglobin. Ultrastructural platelet peroxidase was demonstrated in 2-3% of cells and the percentage of positive cells increased up to 20% after the treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. The cells contained small dense granules negative for platelet peroxidase, their number increasing threefold after 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate treatment. Such treated cells frequently showed a complex of the demarcation membrane in the cytoplasm. T-33 responded thrombin to exhibit calcium influx. This cell line may be useful for the study of the early stage of megakaryocytic differentiation in human megakaryopoiesis.
Absorption of nicotine and carbon monoxide from passive smoking under natural conditions of exposure. (1983)

Seven non-smokers were exposed to tobacco smoke under natural conditions for two hours in a public house. Measures of nicotine and cotinine in plasma, saliva, and urine and expired air carbon monoxide all showed reliable increases. The concentrations of carbon monoxide and nicotine after exposure averaged 15.7% and 7.5% respectively of the values found in heavy smokers. Although the increase in expired air carbon monoxide of 5.9 ppm was similar to increases in smokers after a single cigarette, the amount of nicotine absorbed was between a tenth and a third of the amount taken in from one cigarette. Since this represented a relatively extreme acute natural exposure, any health risks of passive smoking probably depend less on quantitative factors than on qualitative differences between sidestream and mainstream smoke.
Quantum control and quantum error correction (2005)

We describe a scheme for quantum error correction that employs feedback and weak measurement. This provides a method of protecting an unknown quantum state against errors that does not use the standard tools of quantum error correction – projective measurements and fast controlled unitary gates – and is practicably implementable because of the little side processing required. We evaluate the performance of our scheme by simulating a simple scenario of protection against bit-flips.
Glycans in Biotechnology and the Pharmaceutical Industry (2017)

Several classes of successful commercial products are based on isolated or synthetic glycans. This chapter summarizes the use of glycans as vaccines and therapeutics. Applications of glycan mimics as drugs are also discussed.
Efficient Atomic Clocks Operated with Several Atomic Ensembles (2013)

Atomic clocks are typically operated by locking a local oscillator (LO) to a single atomic ensemble. In this Letter, we propose a scheme where the LO is locked to several atomic ensembles instead of one. This results in an exponential improvement compared to the conventional method and provides a stability of the clock scaling as (αN)(-m/2) with N being the number of atoms in each of the m ensembles and α a constant depending on the protocol being used to lock the LO.
Task-evoked pupillary responses, processing load, and the structure of processing resources. (1982)

A physiological measure of processing load or mental effort required to perform a cognitive task should accurately reflect within-task, between-task, and betweenindividual variations in processing demands. This article reviews all available experimental data and concludes that the task-evoked pupillary response fulfills these criteria. Alternative explanations are considered and rejected. Some implications for neurophysiological and cognitive theories of processing resources are discussed.
Modulation of cisplatin resistance in human malignant melanoma cells. (1992)

Previous studies have shown that the combination of dacarbazine, carmustine, cisplatin (DDP), and tamoxifen (TAM) produced a 53% overall response rate in patients with disseminated melanoma. Deletion of TAM from the regimen resulted in a fall in the response rate to 10%, and reincorporation of TAM returned the response rate to 52%, suggesting an important role for TAM. Using the human melanoma cell line T-289, we examined the nature of the interaction between TAM and each member of this combination in clonogenic assays in soft agar. The combination of TAM with DDP was highly synergistic as demonstrated by median effect analysis, whereas TAM was antagonistic with carmustine and an activated form of dacarbazine. The mean combination index at 50% kill was 0.26 +/- 0.02 (mean +/- SD) for TAM and DDP. This marked synergism was observed at concentrations of TAM that are clinically achievable. TAM had no effect on the uptake of the DDP analogue [3H]dichloro(ethylenediamine)platinum(II). There was no effect on the formation or repair of DDP intrastrand DNA adducts. Similarly, there was no effect demonstrated on the intracellular concentrations of glutathione or metallothioneins. We conclude that the interaction between TAM and DDP is truly synergistic in this cell line and is accomplished through none of the four mechanisms commonly associated with DDP resistance.
The human trefoil peptide, TFF1, is present in different molecular forms that are intimately associated with mucus in normal stomach (2000)

Most of TFF1 in normal human gastric mucosa is present in a complex that is stabilised by a disulphide bond. TFF1 is intimately associated with mucus. The high concentration, colocalisation, and binding of TFF1 to gastric mucus strongly implicate TFF1 in gastric mucus function.
The Reactivity fo 2-Iminobenzo[a]quinolizidines towards 2-Mercaptoacetic Acid (1990)

The reaction between 2-irninobenzo[a]quinolizidines (2) and mercaptoacetic acid under a variety of conditions led to the thiarolo[2,3-a]isoquinoline derivative (5) instead of the expected spiro compound (1).The same result was obtained when the reaction was carried out on ketone (2).Modified reaction conditions allowed the preparation of an example of structure (1).The benro[a]quinolizidine ring system has been associated with interesting pharmacological properties, such as chemotherapeutic,' neuroleptic,2 antih~pertensive,~ antiinflamat~ry,~ and anticonvulsant activities,' among others.A recently discovered fact is the capacity of certain 2-substituted benro- 6[a]quinoliridines to antagonize a 2 adrenoceptors selectively.The pharmacological interest of all these properties has prompted extensive studies on the chemistry of benzo[a]q~inolizidines,~ which have usually shown a considerable stability for the parent system and its derivatives.Thus, many 8 9
91 fs pulses from an Yb-doped figure-eight fiber-laser dispersion compensated with higher-order-mode fiber (2007)

Modelocking in Yb-doped figure-eight fiber lasers is demonstrated utilizing dispersion compensation from a higher-order-mode module with anomalous dispersion. Pulses were compressed to 91 fs. the shortest demonstrated pulses for a Yb-doped figure-eight fiber laser.
Use of human chondrocyte cell cultures to identify and characterize reactive antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis sera. (2004)

Our data indicate that: a) 32% of the RA sera contain antibodies reactive with antigens expressed exclusively by chondrocytes, but this value rises to 75% if antigens expressed both by chondrocytes and fibroblasts are considered; b) the reactivity of fully differentiated chondrocytes in suspension culture is higher than the reactivity of chondrocytes cultured in monolayer; and c) some of the chondrocyte-specific antigens identified are associated with the chondrocyte membrane. Thus, in vitro cultured chondrocytes may be used to study both the specificity and the biological activity of autoantibodies in RA.
The conformation of Ld induced by <i>beta</i>  2-microglobulin is fixed during de novo synthesis and irreversible by exchange or dissociation. (1989)

Data are presented that support the hypothesis that beta 2m controls the folding of the ligand binding site of newly synthesized class I molecules. This conclusion was indicated by comparisons of two antigenic forms of the Ld molecule separated by sequential immunoprecipitation. Whereas, mAb 30-5-7+ Ld molecules were found to exist either as free H chains or associated with beta 2m, 30-5-7- Ld molecules showed no beta 2m association. Chemical comparisons showed 30-5-7- Ld molecules to be highly sensitive to proteolysis relative to 30-5-7+ Ld molecules. Experiments employing a construct with the Ld gene juxtaposed to the inducible metallothionein promoter indicated that the ratio of the antigenic forms of Ld was determined by the relative synthesis of beta 2m vs class I proteins. Pulse-chase experiments demonstrated that the two antigenic forms of Ld do not share a precursor-product relationship, but do display disparate rates of intracellular transport. beta 2m dissociation or exchange at the cell surface was found not to affect the ratio of the two antigenic forms of Ld. In contrast to these findings with Ld, the Dd and Ddml molecules were not detected in alternative conformations, thus mapping this property to the N-terminus of the class I molecule. These findings support the notion that beta 2m induces conformation on the alpha 1/alpha 2 domains of Ld molecules during de novo synthesis and once beta 2m-conformed, the class I structure is fixed and irreversible.
Sequential Changes of Myocardial Microstructure in Patients Postmyocardial Infarction by Diffusion-Tensor Cardiac MR (2009)

Diffusion-tensor cardiac MR suggests that sequential zonal improvement of tissue integrity and fiber architecture remodeling both associate with sequential recovery of zonal wall thickening of the left ventricle from recent to chronic MI.
Breast cancer cells promote osteoblastic differentiation via Sema 3A signaling pathway in vitro. (2015)

Breast cancer bone metastases are attributed to multiple cellular and molecular interactions between the cancer cells and the bone microenvironment. Some breast cancers (about 10%) manifest predominant osteoblastic bone metastases. However, the effects of cancer cell-produced factors on osteoblastic differentiation are not fully understood. Semaphorin 3A (Sema 3A) is a newly identified regulatory factor of bone rebuilding. In the present study, we demonstrated that human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, which preferentially form osteoblastic bone metastases, exhibited increased Sema 3A expression levels. We also found that MCF-7 cell-derived Sema 3A stimulated osteoblastic differentiation and nuclear β-catenin accumulation, and these effects could be blocked by shRNA Sema 3A or a Sema 3A-neutralizing antibody. In conclusion, our data suggest that MCF-7 cell-derived Sema 3A plays a causative role in osteoblastic bone metastases progression by stimulating osteoblastic differentiation.
RISC RNA Sequencing for Context-Specific Identification of In Vivo MicroRNA Targets (2010)

RISC-sequencing is a highly sensitive method for general RISC profiling and individual miR target identification in biological context and is applicable to any tissue and any disease state.
Integration of capacitor for sub-100-nm DRAM trench technology (2003)

One of the key enablers in scaling DRAM trench capacitors to sub-100 nm ground rules is a viable collar integration concept. We report, for the first time, the successful implementation of a buried collar concept, which leaves ample space for the connection from the array device to the inner electrode. The new collar integration scheme is fully compatible with a number of capacitance enhancement techniques including surface enlargement by trench widening, HSG deposition as well as the utilization of high-k node dielectrics such as Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/. These capacitance enhancement techniques are required to maintain a capacitance in excess of 30 fF/cell. In addition, a metal fill of the deep trench is necessary to maintain a low series resistance of the inner electrode, which is also demonstrated for the first time. The successful integration of these key enablers in deep trenches is presented.
Role of P450 Aromatase in Sex-Specific Astrocytic Cell Death (2006)

Female animals are protected from ischemic brain damage relative to age-matched males, in part through protection provided by endogenous estradiol. In brain, estradiol is produced from testosterone by cytochrome P450 aromatase (cyp 19), a steroid synthetic enzyme present in astrocytes. We tested the hypothesis that astrocytes derived from neonatal female rat brain are less susceptible than male cells to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), and that this endogenous protection is associated with enhanced aromatase activity. Primary cultured cortical astrocytes were prepared from male and female rat pups separately and grown to confluence in estrogen-free media. Cell death in response to OGD, alone or in combination with hydrogen peroxide, lipopolysaccharides, interleukin-1beta, tissue necrosis factor-alpha, or nitric oxide (NO) donor diethylenetriamine/nitric oxide adduct (DETA/NO) was quantified as the ratio of propidium iodide to calcein AM-positive cells. Aromatase activity and cyp19 mRNA and protein levels were measured in cultures from each sex. Female astrocytes are more resistant to OGD and oxidant cell death induced by H(2)O(2) , but sustain greater cell death when inflammatory mediators are combined with OGD compared with OGD alone. Media transfer from female to male cells conferred protection against OGD-induced cell death. Aromatase activity and expression is greater in female than in male astrocytes. The aromatase inhibitor, Arimidex (100 nmol/L), abolishes sex differences in OGD-induced cell death, whereas treatment with 17beta-estradiol (10 nmol/L) protects cells of either sex. We conclude that astrocytes isolated from neonatal cortex exhibit marked sex differences in sensitivity to OGD, in part because of enhanced aromatization and estradiol formation in female cells.
YAGboss - Laser micro-sculpting of metal surfaces for the manufacture of high precision optical encoder scale (2010)

High-precision positioning is an important aspect of process control. In this context, high resolution positioning feedback provided by high accuracy optical position encoders (OPE) is an invaluable tool which is implemented on a wide range of automated systems where precise positioning is the key to successful applications or technology development. OPEs consist of two main elements: a scale and a read-head. Although OPE have been part of the industrial landscape for the last 30+ years, their current fabrication scheme is no longer in line with the requirements of increasingly more demanding applications such as electronic assembly or semiconductor manufacturing requiring nanometre resolution. Indeed, the mechanical embossing techniques traditionally used to manufacture the diffractive scales found in OPE are limited in resolution, whilst the alternative lithographic techniques are unsuitable for mass production and long scale lengths. This paper introduces a novel laser-based high precision micro-sculpting technique for the development of diffractive scales. It focuses on improving the scale’s resolution whilst retaining commercially-viable process rates to realise the production of 100s of meters of sinusoidal surface features, 200nm±10nm deep and 4 µm±0.1 µm wide. In this paper, we investigate how the characteristics of the generated surface features (shape, width, depth) depend on the combination of laser parameters and processing atmosphere. Samples of 8 µm-pitch scales marked on stainless steel are assessed by metrology and in conjunction with a read-head to evaluate their efficiency.
Gradual Channel Estimation Method for TLC NAND Flash Memory (2021)

As the storage density of NAND flash increases, the reliability is significantly degraded, making NAND flash memory more sensitive to noise. Among all noise sources, retention noise is a major one. Error correction based on channel parameter estimation is an essential method to deal with retention noise. In this letter, a time-saving channel parameter estimation method for TLC NAND flash memory is proposed. The proposed method reduces estimation time by three improvements: 1) reducing fitted parameters in one iteration step; 2) using prederived values as initial guess values to decrease iteration steps; and 3) utilizing parallelism between data sensing operations and computation. Compared with the previous work, the proposed method estimates parameters with higher accuracy and lower time overhead which is verified by experimental results.
Speaker verification using text-constrained Gaussian Mixture Models (2002)

In this paper we present an approach to close the gap between text-dependent and text-independent speaker verification performance. Text-constrained GMM-UBM systems are created using word segmentations produced by a LVCSR system on conversational speech allowing the system to focus on speaker differences over a constrained set of acoustic units. Results on the 2001 NIST extended data task show this approach can be used to produce an equal error rate of < 1 %.
An infectious origin of extraskeletal calcification (1998)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
The pore size of polycaprolactone scaffolds has limited influence on bone regeneration in an <i>in vivo</i> model (2009)

Bone tissue engineering scaffolds should be designed to optimize mass transport, cell migration, and mechanical integrity to facilitate and enhance new bone growth. Although many scaffold parameters could be modified to fulfill these requirements, pore size is an important scaffold characteristic that can be rigorously controlled with indirect solid freeform fabrication. We explored the effect of pore size on bone regeneration and scaffold mechanical properties using polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds designed with interconnected, cylindrical orthogonal pores. Three scaffold designs with unique microarchitectures were fabricated, having pore sizes of 350, 550, or 800 microm. Bone morphogenetic protein-7 transduced human gingival fibroblasts were suspended in fibrin gel, seeded into scaffolds, and implanted subcutaneously in immuno-compromised mice for 4 or 8 weeks. We found that (1) modulus and peak stress of the scaffold/bone constructs depended on pore size and porosity at 4 weeks but not at 8 weeks, (2) bone growth inside pores depended on pore size at 4 weeks but not at 8 weeks, and (3) the length of implantation time had a limited effect on scaffold/bone construct properties. In conclusion, pore sizes between 350 and 800 microm play a limited role in bone regeneration in this tissue engineering model. Therefore, it may be advantageous to explore the effects of other scaffold structural properties, such as pore shape, pore interconnectivity, or scaffold permeability, on bone regeneration when designing PCL scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of Acylated Derivatives of Isoniazid Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (2003)

Enzymatic acylation of the antitubercular isoniazid (INH) by N-acetyl transferases reduces the therapeutic effectiveness of the drug. Because it represents a major metabolic pathway for INH in human beings, such acetylation has serious consequences for tuberculosis treatment regimens. Among patients in whom this process is efficient, the “rapid acetylators,” the resultant chronic underdosing of INH may give rise to the development of resistance, as well as inadequate therapy. Not much work has been done previously to characterize the antitubercular properties of other N2-acylisoniazids. In order to address the fundamental issue of the activities of these acylated derivatives of INH, a number of such compounds 1a–f were chemically synthesized for investigation by a method providing good yield and purity. In experiments in vitro against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, these compounds displayed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values between several fold and several hundred fold greater than that of INH itself, on a molar basis, with some of the more active compounds having higher calculated values of log P. Among these derivatives, compound 1b, closely homologous to the INH metabolite 1a, N2-acetylisoniazid, provided unexpected protection in tuberculosis-infected mice. The authors conclude that such close structural congeners of metabolites of INH may serve as significant leads in antitubercular drug discovery and in the exploration of the mode of action of INH
Bioconjugated Magnetic Nanoparticles for the Detection of Bacteria (2013)

Blood culture is traditionally a time-consuming method and has not changed significantly in several decades. Using nanotechnology, such as the use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), the blood culture process may be streamlined. An important advantage of using MNPs to capture bacteria is the simple separation of bacteria from biological samples using magnets. Indeed, high bacteria capture efficiencies have been realized using MNPs. The binding events between MNPs and bacteria can be tightly controlled through carefully selected biorecognition events, using molecules such as vancomycin, daptomycin, antibodies, and others. These biomolecules can be readily conjugated onto MNPs followed by tethering to bacteria, thus enabling detection using the beacon produced by the bacteria conjugated MNPs. Methods to prepare bioconjugated MNPs and their performance with bacteria are reviewed. Finally, future directions on bacteria detection using giant magnetoresistance (GMR) biosensors are discussed.