gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chromosomal position effects in chicken lysozyme gene transgenic mice are correlated with supression of DNase I hypersensitive site formation (1994)

The complete chicken lysozyme gene locus is expressed copy number dependently and at a high level in macrophages of transgenic mice. Gene expression independent of genomic position can only be achieved by the concerted action of all cis regulatory elements located on the lysozyme gene domain. Position independency of expression is lost if one essential cis regulatory region is deleted. Here we compared the DNase I hypersensitive site (DHS) pattern formed on the chromatin of position independently and position dependently expressed transgenes in order to assess the influence of deletions within the gene domain on active chromatin formation. We demonstrate, that in position independently expressed transgene all DHSs are formed with the authentic relative frequency on all genes. This is not the case for position dependently expressed transgenes. Our results show that the formation of a DHS during cellular differentiation does not occur autonomously. In case essential regulatory elements of the chicken lysozyme gene domain are lacking, the efficiency of DHS formation on remaining cis regulatory elements during myeloid differentiation is reduced and influenced by the chromosomal position. Hence, no individual regulatory element on the lysozyme domain is capable of organizing the chromatin structure of the whole locus in a dominant fashion.
Stability of bethanechol chloride, pyrazinamide, quinidine sulfate, rifampin, and tetracycline hydrochloride in extemporaneously compounded oral liquids (1998)

The stability of five drugs commonly prescribed for use in oral liquids but not commercially available as such was studied. Bethanechol chloride 5 mg/mL, pyrazinamide 10 mg/mL, quinidine sulfate 10 mg/mL, rifampin 25 mg/mL, and tetracycline hydrochloride 25 mg/mL were each prepared in a 1:1 mixture of Ora-Sweet and Ora-Plus (Paddock Laboratories), a 1:1 mixture of Ora-Sweet SF and Ora-Plus, and cherry syrup and placed in 120-mL amber clear polyethylene terephthalate bottles. Three bottles of each liquid were stored at 5 degrees C and three at 25 degrees C, all in the dark. Samples were taken initially and at various times up to 60 days for analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography and assessment of appearance and odor; pH was measured. A mean of at least 90% of the initial drug concentration was retained for 60 days in the liquids containing bethanechol chloride, pyrazinamide, or quinidine sulfate and for 28 days in the rifampin-containing liquids and the mixture of tetracycline hydrochloride and Ora-Sweet-Ora-Plus at both 5 and 25 degrees C. Tetracycline hydrochloride concentrations of 90% or more of the initial concentration were retained in the liquids prepared with Ora-Sweet SF-Ora-Plus for 10 days at 5 degrees C and 7 days at 25 degrees C and in those prepared with cherry syrup for 7 days at 5 degrees C and 2 days at 25 degrees C. No substantial changes in the appearance, odor, or pH of any liquid were observed. At 5 and 25 degrees C, bethanechol chloride 5 mg/mL, pyrazinamide 10 mg/mL, and quinidine sulfate 10 mg/mL were stable in three extemporaneously compounded oral liquids for 60 days and rifampin 25 mg/mL was stable for 28 days. The stability of tetracycline hydrochloride 25 mg/mL varied with the vehicle.
The Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of Cells (2012)

Smartphones are increasingly ubiquitous, and many users carry multiple phones to accommodate work, personal, and geographic mobility needs. We present Cells , a virtualization architecture for enabling multiple virtual smartphones to run simultaneously on the same physical cellphone in an isolated, secure manner. Cells introduces a usage model of having one foreground virtual phone and multiple background virtual phones. This model enables a new device namespace mechanism and novel device proxies that integrate with lightweight operating system virtualization to multiplex phone hardware across multiple virtual phones while providing native hardware device performance. Cells virtual phone features include fully accelerated 3D graphics, complete power management features, and full telephony functionality with separately assignable telephone numbers and caller ID support. We have implemented a prototype of Cells that supports multiple Android virtual phones on the same phone. Our performance results demonstrate that Cells imposes only modest runtime and memory overhead, works seamlessly across multiple hardware devices including Google Nexus 1 and Nexus S phones, and transparently runs Android applications at native speed without any modifications.
Optical Transitions in Single-Wall Boron Nitride Nanotubes (2005)

Optical transitions in single-wall boron nitride nanotubes are investigated by means of optical absorption spectroscopy. Three absorption lines are observed. Two of them (at 4.45 and 5.5 eV) result from the quantification involved by the rolling up of the hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) sheet. The nature of these lines is discussed, and two interpretations are proposed. A comparison with single-wall carbon nanotubes leads one to interpret these lines as transitions between pairs of van Hove singularities in the one-dimensional density of states of boron nitride single-wall nanotubes. But the confinement energy due to the rolling up of the h-BN sheet cannot explain a gap width of the boron nitride nanotubes below the h-BN gap. The low energy line is then attributed to the existence of a Frenkel exciton with a binding energy in the 1 eV range.
On the velocity of rotation of the electric discharge in gases at low pressures in a radial magnetic field (1907)

Abstract The following paper contains an account of a series of experiments on the motion of an electric discharge in a magnetic field perpendicular to the direction of the discharge current. The fact that the discharge moves in a magnetic field like a flexible conductor carrying a current was discovered long ago, and De La Rive showed that it could be made to rotate continuously round one pole of a magnet placed inside the vacuum tube. The apparatus used in the present experiments was similar in principle to De La Rive’s, but was arranged so that fairly exact measurements of the various quantities concerned could be obtained. Fig. 1 shows a vertical section of the vacuum tube and magnet used. The tube consisted of two concentric glass tubes cemented with sealing wax into aluminium discs. The discs had grooves turned in them to fit the glass tubes, and the part of the discs between the tubes projected a few millimetres, so that there was no danger of the discharge passing through the sealing wax. Polished platinum rings were fixed on to the aluminium discs between the glass tubes, and these formed the electrodes between which the discharge was passed. The ends of the tubes were carefully ground truly perpendicular to their axes, and the two platinum rings were accurately parallel. To keep the electrodes cool, a ring of narrow brass tubing was soldered on to the back of each disc and a stream of water was kept flowing through these whenever a discharge was passed. This arrangement enabled comparatively large currents to be used without softening the sealing wax. A narrow copper tube was soldered into one of the discs and communicated with the interior of the vacuum tube through a fine hole. The tube was connected by a mercury sealed joint with a glass tube leading to a bulb containing pure phosphorus pentoxide, a Töpler pump, and a McLeod gauge.
<scp>d</scp>‐Amino acids in the brain: the biochemistry of brain serine racemase (2008)

It has been recently established that in various brain regions D-serine, the product of serine racemase, occupies the so-called 'glycine site' within N-methyl D-aspartate receptors. Mammalian brain serine racemase is a pyridoxal-5' phosphate-containing enzyme that catalyzes the racemization of L-serine to D-serine. It has also been shown to catalyze the alpha,beta-elimination of water from L-serine or D-serine to form pyruvate and ammonia. Serine racemase is included within the group of type II-fold pyridoxal-5' phosphate enzymes, together with many other racemases and dehydratases. Serine racemase was first purified from rat brain homogenates and later recombinantly expressed in mammalian and insect cells as well as in Escherichia coli. It has been shown that serine racemase is activated by divalent cations like calcium, magnesium and manganese, as well as by nucleotides like ATP, ADP or GTP. In turn, serine racemase is also strongly inhibited by reagents that react with free sulfhydryl groups such as glutathione. Several yeast two-hybrid screens for interaction partners identified the proteins glutamate receptor interacting protein, protein interacting with C kinase 1 and Golga3 to bind to serine racemase, having different effects on its catalytic activity or stability. In addition, it has also been proposed that serine racemase is regulated by phosphorylation. Thus, d-serine production in the brain is tightly regulated by various factors pointing at its physiologic importance. In this minireview, we will focus on the regulation of brain serine racemase and d-serine synthesis by the factors mentioned above.
An experimental analysis of the developmental capacities of distal parts of avian leg buds (1985)

The development, differentiation, and pattern formation of isolated distal parts of avian leg buds that had grown ectopically on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) or in the coelomic cavity were studied. The grafts grown on the CAM invariably gave rise to cartilage and soft connective tissue. In some cases muscle tissue was also found. The CAM grafts did not undergo overt morphogenesis and pattern formation. A high percentage of grafts grown in the coelomic cavity showed a close approximation to normal limbs. The presence of proximal structures depended on the stage of development of the donor at the time of the operation, on the size of the grafts, and on the site to which the graft was attached within the coelom. The presence of anteroposterior structures depended on the shape of the graft. The pattern formation of this axis was found to be independent of the presence of the zone of polarizing activity at the proximal posterior border of the bud. The distance from the tip of the bud to the line of most distal colonization by myogenic cells was determined. The speed of migration of the myogenic cells can be considered to be constant. In muscleless legs, tendons developed at the levels of the phalanges and the tarsometatarse. They degenerated, however, in the absence of muscle from day 9 on, from proximal to distal areas. CAM grafts as well as coelomic grafts were well vascularized. The endothelial cells of the blood vessels were of host origin. In coelomic grafts, nerves were present with Schwann cells of host origin. The nerves and blood vessels showed a distribution that resembled that in normal legs.
LittleProjectedPlanet: An Augmented Reality Game for Camera Projector Phones (2009)

With the miniaturization of projection technology the integration of tiny projection units, normally referred to as pico projectors, into mobile devices is not longer fiction. Such integrated projectors in mobile devices could make mobile projection ubiquitous within the next few years. These phones soon will have the ability to project large-scale information onto any surfaces in the real world. By doing so the interaction space of the mobile device can be expanded to physical objects in the environment and this can support interaction concepts that are not even possible on modern desktop computers today. In this paper, we explore the possibilities of camera projector phones with a mobile adaption of the Playstation 3(PS3) game LittleBigPlanet. The camera projector unit is used to augment the hand drawings of a user with an overlay displaying physical interaction of virtual objects with the real world. Players can sketch a 2D world on a sheet of paper or use an existing physical configuration of objects and let the physics engine simulate physical procedures in this world to achieve game goals.
The Chemistry and Biology of Alkannin, Shikonin, and Related Naphthazarin Natural Products (1999)

Wound healing properties of plant extracts that contain the naphthoquinone natural products alkannin (1) and shikonin (2) have been known for many centuries. More recently, the biological properties of 1, 2, and related derivatives have been demonstrated experimentally, and their production both by cell cultures and chemical synthesis has been studied extensively.
Inactivation of bacterial D-amino acid transaminase by beta-chloro-D-alanine. (1977)

Purified D-amino acid transaminase from Bacillus sphaericus catalyzes an alpha,beta elimination from the D isomer of beta-chloroalanine to yield equivalent amounts of pyruvate, chloride, and ammonia; the L isomer of chloroalanine is not a substrate for this transaminase. During the beta elimination there is a synchronous loss in enzyme activity; the Kinact for beta-chloroalanine was estimated to be about 10 micrometers. The alpha-aminoacrylate-Schiff base intermediate formed after beta elimination of chloride ion is probably the key intermediate that partitions between one inactivation event for every 1500 turnovers. In the presence of D-alanine and alpha-ketoglutarate, which are good substrates for the transaminase activity of this enzyme, beta-chloroalanine is a potent, competitive inhibitor (K1 = 10 micrometers) with D-alanine and a weak, uncompetitive inhibitor with alpha-ketoglutarate.
Determination of the viscosity-temperature curve for glasses on the basis of fixed viscosity points determined by hot stage microscopy (2001)

This work establishes a method for obtaining the viscosity-temperature curve for glasses on the basis of the characteristic points obtained by hot stage microscopy and the comparison with the viscosity-temperature curves measured with a high temperature viscometer. Viscosity-temperature curves were determined for three commercial glasses of certified composition and two experimental borosilicate glasses in the interval of 550-1500°C using a high temperature viscometer adjusting the values to Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann curves, VFT. Temperatures corresponding to the characteristic points of first shrinkage, maximum shrinkage, softening, half ball and flow were determined by means of hot stage microscopy together with their corresponding viscosities on the basis of the VFT curves for each glass. With these results the degree of viscosity corresponding to the characteristic points obtained through hot stage microscopy is determined together with the error for each point of viscosity in the interval between logη=10 and 3-4.
Atomically Thin MoS<sub>2</sub> Narrowband and Broadband Light Superabsorbers (2016)

We present a combined theoretical and experimental effort to enable strong light absorption (>70%) in atomically thin MoS2 films (≤4 layers) for either narrowband incidence with arbitrarily prespecified wavelengths or broadband incidence like solar radiation. This is achieved by integrating the films with resonant photonic structures that are deterministically designed using a unique reverse design approach based on leaky mode coupling. The design starts with identifying the properties of leaky modes necessary for the targeted strong absorption, followed by searching for the geometrical features of nanostructures to support the desired modes. This process is very intuitive and only involves a minimal amount of computation, thanks to the straightforward correlations between optical functionality and leaky modes as well as between leaky modes and the geometrical feature of nanostructures. The result may provide useful guidance for the development of high-performance atomic-scale photonic devices, such as solar cells, modulators, photodetectors, and photocatalysts.
NMDA Receptor Protocols (1999)

In NMDA Receptor Protocols, Min Li and a panel of hands-on experimentalists detail state-of-the-art molecular techniques for studying NMDA ligand-gated ion channels and developing assays for nontherapeutic lead selection. The topics range from cDNA cloning to in vitro and in vivo investigation of the channel complex in the mammalian brain. Additional topics include the biochemical analysis of the channel protein and the construction of various heterologous systems for both basic research and high throughput screens (HTS) for pharmaceutical chemicals. Although the focus is on NMDA receptors, the methods are applicable to other ligand-gated ion channels and with some modification may be extended to related membrane receptors or signaling receptors. NMDA Receptor Protocols provides today's scientists at all skill levels a diverse collection of highly reproducible molecular techniques for ion channel research and biotherapeutic development. Eminently practical and reproducible, these techniques offer powerful methods for basic research on NMDA receptor structure and function, as well as enormous opportunities for clinical investigation toward the development of novel bioactive compounds
High entropy oxides for reversible energy storage (2018)

In recent years, the concept of entropy stabilization of crystal structures in oxide systems has led to an increased research activity in the field of "high entropy oxides". These compounds comprise the incorporation of multiple metal cations into single-phase crystal structures and interactions among the various metal cations leading to interesting novel and unexpected properties. Here, we report on the reversible lithium storage properties of the high entropy oxides, the underlying mechanisms governing these properties, and the influence of entropy stabilization on the electrochemical behavior. It is found that the stabilization effect of entropy brings significant benefits for the storage capacity retention of high entropy oxides and greatly improves the cycling stability. Additionally, it is observed that the electrochemical behavior of the high entropy oxides depends on each of the metal cations present, thus providing the opportunity to tailor the electrochemical properties by simply changing the elemental composition.
Improving dementia education for nurses (2010)

Editorial considering pre and post registration dementia training for health and social care professionals and the importance of working in partnership with people with dementia in the design and delivery of educational programmes. Discusses the involvment of Ann Johnson, a person with dementia, in the delivery of post graduate dementia care education at the University of Manchester.
Effective Well Stimulations with Gelled Methanol/Carbon Dioxide Fracturing Fluids (1986)

ABSTRACT CO2 foam fracturing fluids with gelled methanol as the external phase have been developed. These CO2 foams are generated on the surface by a patented CO2 heating process. Field applications of these fluids demonstrate that they are effective well stimulation fluids for hydrocarbon bearing formations that exhibit low permeability, low reservoir pressure or water sensitivity. With this system water can be completely eliminated from the treatment fluid while the CO2 provides a gas drive to assist in returning load fluid to the wellbore. Since the density of these fluids is near that of water, they can be utilized to fracture stimulate deep formations without experiencing excessive wellhead pressures. Some CO2 dissolves in the methanol to yield a non-damaging low "pH" methanol fluid system that exhibits extremely low surface tensions which also assists in load fluid recovery. Additionally, these fluids exhibit near perfect proppant support and very high fluid effeciencies. A comparison of these surface generated methanol/CO2 foam fracture treatments with other stimulation methods in the Morrow formation in the Texas Panhandle and Western Oklahoma and in several other formations in Texas, Oklahoma and Colorado illustrates their success.
Comparative results with five cannabinoid immunoassay systems at the screening threshold of 100 micrograms/L. (1989)

Five commercially available immunoassay techniques were compared for the detection of cannabinoid metabolites in urine at a positive cutoff of 100 micrograms/L. Numerical values, available for four of these techniques, were used to evaluate inter-assay equivalence at this threshold. The total number of positive results differed for each assay, with some individual samples exhibiting wide variations in numerical values. As a group, the radioimmunoassay systems gave a greater proportion of positive specimens than did enzyme-linked or fluorescence-polarization-based techniques. The single threshold of detection suggested by federal guidelines does not provide for equivalent screening of cannabinoids with these immunoassay techniques.
Glucose transport activity and photolabelling with 3-[125I]iodo-4-azidophenethylamido-7-<i>0</i>-succinyldeacetyl (IAPS)-forskolin of two mutants at tryptophan-388 and -412 of the glucose transporter GLUT1: dissociation of the binding domains of forskolin and glucose (1993)

The tryptophan residues 388 and 412 in the glucose transporter GLUT1 were altered to leucine (L) by site-directed mutagenesis and were transiently expressed in COS-7 cells. As assessed by immunoblotting, comparable numbers of glucose transporters were present in plasma membranes from cells transfected with wild-type GLUT1, GLUT1-L388 or GLUT1-L412. Transfection of the wild-type GLUT1 gave rise to a 3-fold increase in the reconstituted glucose transport activity recovered from plasma membranes. In contrast, transfection of GLUT1-L412 failed to increase the reconstituted transport activity, whereas transfection of GLUT1-L388 produced only a 70% increase. Photolabelling of GLUT1-L412 with 3-[125I]iodo-4-azidophenethylamido-7-O-succinyldeacetyl (125IAPS)-forskolin was not different from that of the wild-type GLUT1, whereas the GLUT1-L388 incorporated 70% less photolabel than did the wild-type GLUT1. These data suggest a dissociation of the binding sites of forskolin and glucose in GLUT1. Whereas both tryptophan-388 and tryptophan-412 appear indispensable for the function of the transporter, only tryptophan-388 is involved in the binding of the inhibitory ligand forskolin.
WLAN and WPAN coexistence in UL band (2001)

Wireless local- and personal-area networks provide complimentary services in the same unlicensed (UL) radio frequency band of operation. As the mutual benefits of utilizing these services become increasingly apparent, the likelihood of mutual interference may also increase. A method was developed for examining wireless services coexistence in order to evaluate the impact that interference may have on network performance. The methodology for the analysis was centered on deriving a closed-form solution for the probability of collision Pr[C] in terms of the network and radio propagation parameters. In addition, a set of measures of performance was derived based on Pr[C]. In this fashion, the network performance was investigated in regards to the presence of interference. The approach was then illustrated by examining the coexistence between 802.11b and Bluetooth UL band wireless services and summarizing the impact on network performance.
THE ALUMINUM HALIDE CATALYZED DIMERIZATION OF PERHALOGENATED CYCLOPENTADIENES (1957)

Abstract not available
Effect of increased environmental temperature on breathing patterns in preterm and term infants. (1998)

A mild increase in environmental temperature has an effect on breathing patterns in both preterm (even when they have reached maturity) and term infants. However, a different response related to sleep state was observed in the two groups. We speculate that these effects may play a role in the association between a life-threatening event and elevated environmental temperature in both groups of infants.