gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Field performance of black spruce and jack pine inoculated with selected species of ectomycorrhizal fungi (1992)

Seedlings of black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) and jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) were inoculated with fragmented hyphae of one of five species of ectomycorrhizal fungi and outplanted on reforestation sites after 14 weeks of growth in the nursery. Black spruce were planted on a peatland site and a stony loam site; jack pine were planted on the same stony loam site and on a sandy site. Inoculation of both species with Laccariaproximo (Boud.) Maire resulted in significantly better shoot growth compared with uninoculated seedlings over a 2-year period on all sites. Hebelomacylindrosporum Romagn. improved the height growth of black spruce on the peatland site and of jack pine on the stony loam site after 2 years. Laccariabicolor (Maire) Orton also improved the height growth of jack pine on the stony loam after 2 years. Black spruce inoculated with L. bicolor were significantly smaller than uninoculated seedlings. Size differences present in black spruce at outplanting persisted for two growing seasons, whereas initial size did not predict the field performance of jack pine. Inoculation of black spruce with L. proxima resulted in higher foliar concentrations of K and Zn compared with uninoculated seedlings on the peatland site. Foliar concentrations of N, P, K, and Zn in jack pine inoculated with L. proxima were significantly higher than those of uninoculated seedlings at the stony loam site. All inoculated fungi (except Pisolithustinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch, which did not form mycorrhizae) remained on the root systems for two growing seasons, but their presence declined sharply in the 2nd year. Laccariabicolor was the most persistent mycobiont on root systems of both tree species. Colonization of black spruce by indigenous ectomycorrhizal fungi was faster on the stony loam site than on the peatland site. The diversity of wild ectomycorrhizae on the planted seedlings was higher on both the peatland and sand sites than on the stony loam site.
Hydrogen environment embrittlement of metals (1973)

Hydrogen environment embrittlement refers to metals stressed while exposed to a hydrogen atmosphere. Tested in air, even after exposure to hydrogen under pressure, this effect is not observed on similar specimens. Much high purity hydrogen is prepared by evaporation of liquid hydrogen, and thus has low levels for potential impurities which could otherwise inhibit or poison the absorbent reactions that are involved. High strength steels and nickel-base allows are rated as showing extreme embrittlement; aluminum alloys and the austenitic stainless steels, as well as copper, have negligible susceptibility to this phenomenon. The cracking that occurs appears to be a surface phenomenon, is unlike that of internal hydrogen embrittlement.
Augmentation of Fighter-Aircraft Performance by Spanwise Blowing over the Wing Leading Edge (1983)

Spanwise blowing over the wing canard of a 1:35 model of a close-coupled-canard fighter-airplane configuration (similar to the Kfir-C2) was investigated experimentally in low-speed flow. Tests were conducted at airspeeds of 30 m/sec (Reynolds number of 180000 based on mean aerodynamic chord) with angle-of-attack sweeps form -8 deg to 60 deg, and yaw-angle sweeps from -8 deg to 36 deg at fixed angles of attack 0 deg, 10 deg, 20 deg, 25 deg, 30 deg, and 35 deg. Significant improvement in lift-curve slope, maximum lift, drag polar and lateral/limit. In spite of the highly swept (60 deg) leading edge, the efficiency of the lift augmentation by blowing was relatively high and was found to increase with increasing blowing momentum on the close-coupled-canard configuration. Interesting possibilities of obtaining much higher efficiencies with swirling jets were indicated. (Author)
Reducing dynamic compilation overhead by overlapping compilation and execution (2006)

An important problem in executing applications in energy-sensitive embedded environments is to tune their behavior based on dynamic variations in energy constraints. One option for achieving this is dynamic compilation ---compiling code fragments on the fly to adapt to changing energy demands. While dynamic compilation can be very beneficial in many embedded environments where multiple criteria need to be satisfied during execution, it can also incur a significant performance overhead since compilation takes place at runtime. The goal in this work is to reduce this performance overhead of dynamic compilation by overlapping it with application execution. Specifically, provided that we have available hardware resources to perform dynamic compilation concurrently with application execution, our approach compiles the next code fragment to be executed while we are executing the current code fragment. The experimental results from our implementation indicate significant savings in execution times. Our experimental results also indicate that the proposed strategy performs consistently well under different parameters.
Energy storage and transfer with homopolar machine for a linear theta-pinch hybrid reactor (1975)

This report describes the energy storage and transfer system for the compression coil system of a linear theta-pinch hybrid reactor (LTPHR). High efficiency and low cost are the principal requirements for the energy storage and transfer of 25 MJ/m or 25 GJ for a 1-km LTPHR. The circuit efficiency must be approximately 90 percent, and the cost for the circuit 5 to 6 cents/J. Scaling laws and simple relationships between circuit efficiency and cost per unit energy as a function of the half cycle time are presented. Capacitors and homopolor machines are considered as energy storage elements with both functioning basically as capacitors. The advantage of the homopolar machine in this application is its relatively low cost, whereas that of capacitors is better efficiency.
Relational Aggression between Primary School Girls. (2006)

This article presents the findings of a case study undertaken with the year 5 girls in one school to investigate their experiences and understanding of covert intimidation, as well as the effects and impact of these practices in the school setting. The findings of the study were obtained from the analysis of interviews, researcher-generated documents (worksheets) and surveys. They suggest that covert intimidation does exist in the school setting, and more particularly thatthese practices are an integral part of relationships between girls, through which they resolve the anger and conflict that arise in their friendships. These practices are located in the heart of girls’ relationships and operate beneath the surface of ordinary school life. The conclusion of the study is that the term relational aggression should be used as a descriptor to help bring the phenomenon of covert aggression into the open. Open acknowledgment of these practices will help address these behaviours between girls so that they can learn open and honest ways of relating to each other, particularly in the resolution of their conflicts.
Synthesis of Capped RNA using a DMT Group as a Purification Handle (2014)

We report a new method for synthesis of capped RNA or 2'-OMe RNA that uses a N(2-)4,4'-dimethoxytrityl (DMT) group as a lipophilic purification handle to allow convenient isolation and purification of the capped RNA. The DMT group is easily removed under mild conditions without degradation of the cap. We have used this approach to prepare capped 10- and 20-mers. This method is compatible with the many condensation reactions that have been reported for preparation of capped RNA or cap analogues.
Discrete Element - Finite Element Modelling of Granular Flows in Fluids (1996)

This paper presents a numerical model for simulating the flow of granular materials in fluids. A granular material is assumed as an assembly of viscoelastic discs. Due to the particle-fluid interactions, the equations governing the motion of granular solids include Newton's equations of motion and the volume-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. These two sets of equations are coupled through a parameter called void fraction and a term representing the interaction forces between fluids and particles. In our model, the motion of particles and the velocity field of the fluid are determined through a process in which computations alternate between the application of Newton's law to the discs tracing the motion of all the individual particles and the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations finding the velocity field of fluid. The so-called discrete element method is used to trace the motion of each individual particle incorporating the fluid drag force. While for the velocity field of the interstitial fluid, a finite element scheme is proposed to solve the Navies-Stokes equations.
Electrochemical Sensors for in Vivo Glucose Sensing (1997)

Note: 171 Reference SAMLAB-ARTICLE-1997-010 Record created on 2009-05-12, modified on 2016-08-08
In vivo, Pikfyve generates PI(3,5)P <sub>2</sub> , which serves as both a signaling lipid and the major precursor for PI5P (2012)

Mutations that cause defects in levels of the signaling lipid phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate [PI(3,5)P(2)] lead to profound neurodegeneration in mice. Moreover, mutations in human FIG4 predicted to lower PI(3,5)P(2) levels underlie Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4J neuropathy and are present in selected cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In yeast and mammals, PI(3,5)P(2) is generated by a protein complex that includes the lipid kinase Fab1/Pikfyve, the scaffolding protein Vac14, and the lipid phosphatase Fig4. Fibroblasts cultured from Vac14(-/-) and Fig4(-/-) mouse mutants have a 50% reduction in the levels of PI(3,5)P(2), suggesting that there may be PIKfyve-independent pathways that generate this lipid. Here, we characterize a Pikfyve gene-trap mouse (Pikfyve(β-geo/β-geo)), a hypomorph with ~10% of the normal level of Pikfyve protein. shRNA silencing of the residual Pikfyve transcript in fibroblasts demonstrated that Pikfyve is required to generate all of the PI(3,5)P(2) pool. Surprisingly, Pikfyve also is responsible for nearly all of the phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate (PI5P) pool. We show that PI5P is generated directly from PI(3,5)P(2), likely via 3'-phosphatase activity. Analysis of tissues from the Pikfyve(β-geo/β-geo) mouse mutants reveals that Pikfyve is critical in neural tissues, heart, lung, kidney, thymus, and spleen. Thus, PI(3,5)P(2) and PI5P have major roles in multiple organs. Understanding the regulation of these lipids may provide insights into therapies for multiple diseases.
Application of atomic-force-microscope direct patterning to selective positioning of InAs quantum dots on GaAs (2000)

The application of atomic-force-microscope (AFM) direct patterning to the selective positioning of InAs quantum dots (QDs) on a (100) GaAs substrate has been proposed and experimentally implemented. The AFM direct patterning was used to generate various patterns of several tens of nanometers in size, and InAs QDs were subsequently grown by a metalorganic chemical vapor deposition technique. A nonuniform distribution of the QDs was observed near the patterns. The detailed shape of the QD distribution and the size of the QDs depended on the geometrical properties such as the sidewall angle, the spacing, and the width of the patterns. We have been able to ascertain, through our work, what growth conditions are necessary for QDs’ alignment along the patterns.
A Path Independent Forming Limit Criterion for Sheet Metal Forming Simulations (2008)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A new strain-based forming limit criterion is proposed to assess the localized necking failure for sheet metal forming simulations when deformation paths deviate significantly from linearity. Different from the traditional strain-based Forming Limit Diagrams (FLD) in terms of major and minor strains, the new FLD is constructed based on effective strains and material flow direction at the end of forming. This new criterion combines the advantages of stress-based FLD for its path-independence and the traditional linear strain path FLD for its easy interpretation. The proposed FLD is validated through both theoretical prediction with Marciniak-Kuczynski (M-K) model and available experimental data in literature, and its relationship with stress-based FLDs is discussed.</div>
Simultaneous measurement of refractive index and thickness by combining low-coherence interferometry and confocal optics (2008)

We propose and demonstrate novel methods that enable simultaneous measurements of the phase index, the group index, and the geometrical thickness of an optically transparent object by combining optical low-coherence interferometer and confocal optics. The low-coherence interferometer gives information relating the group index with the thickness, while the confocal optics allows access to the phase index related with the thickness of the sample. To relate these, two novel methods were devised. In the first method, the dispersion-induced broadening of the low-coherence envelop signal was utilized, and in the second method the frequency derivative of the phase index was directly obtained by taking the confocal measurements at several wavelengths. The measurements were made with eight different samples; B270, CaF2, two of BK7, two of fused silica, cover glass, and cigarette cover film. The average measurement errors of the first and the second methods were 0.123% and 0.061% in the geometrical thickness, 0.133% and 0.066% in the phase index, and 0.106% and 0.057% in the group index, respectively.
Selective polysilicon deposition for frequency tuning of MEMS resonators (2003)

A post-fabrication process was developed to tune the frequency of a set of comb-drive resonators by selectively adding polysilicon to their rotors. Selective deposition was performed by electrically heating the resonators in a silane environment using the same input voltage but varying process times. The resonant frequency of individual devices increased 0.7 to 2%, from an average initial resonant frequency of 86.6 kHz. A correlation between the change in frequency and the location of the newly deposited material was found and verified in a finite element simulation. The data show the percent change in frequency is also dependent on thermal history and initial material properties. This work describes the trends in a new MEMS resonators frequency tuning method.
A case of bipartite patella in a paleochristian necropolis in Marsala (Italy) (2015)

This report describes one case of bipartite patella in an adult male recovered from a Paleochristian lay cemetery (III-IV centuries a.C. in Marsala, Sicily, Italy). Bipartite patella is a pathological condition rarely described in archaeological contexts, although it is a very well known lesion in orthopaedic and radiographic studies. The disease seems to be more common in males, and there is no clear relationship with developmental and morpho-functional issues. This case report adds new data to the sparse literature on this pathological trait.
Human ultralente insulin. (1984)

The greater solubility of human insulin and its possible faster action have led to doubts about whether a sufficiently long acting formulation could be produced to provide a basal supply for diabetics. In a double blind crossover study in 18 diabetics human ultralente insulin was as effective as beef ultralente insulin in controlling basal plasma glucose concentrations (median 5.7 mmol/l (103 mg/100 ml) with human and 6.3 mmol/l (114 mg/100 ml) with beef ultralente insulin respectively). There was no significant difference between human and bovine insulin in the rise in plasma glucose concentration from 0400 to 0700 after an injection the previous morning and no difference between patients receiving an adequate or insufficient dose of human ultralente insulin. Bovine insulin antibody binding was reduced with human insulin (p less than 0.002), which suggests that human insulin is less antigenic than beef insulin. Once daily human ultralente insulin provides a suitable formulation for the basal insulin requirement of diabetics.
Definition of agonists and design of antagonists for alloreactive T cell clones using synthetic peptide libraries (1999)

Alloreactive T cells form an important barrier for organ transplantation. To reduce the risk of rejection patients are given immunosuppressive drugs, which increase the chance of infection and the incidence of malignancies. It has been shown that a large proportion of alloreactive T cells specifically recognize peptides present in the groove of the allogeneic MHC molecule. This implies that it might be possible to modulate the alloresponse by peptides with antagonistic properties, thus preventing rejection without the side effects of general immunosuppression. Peptide antagonists can be designed on the basis of the original agonist, yet for alloreactive T cells these agonists are usually unknown. In this study we have used a dedicated synthetic peptide library to identify agonists for HLA-DR3-specific alloreactive T cell clones. Based on these agonists, altered peptide ligands (APL) were designed. Three APL could antagonize an alloreactive T cell clone in its response against the library-derived agonist as well as in its response against the original allodeterminant, HLA-DR3. This demonstrates that peptide libraries can be used to design antagonists for alloreactive T cells without knowledge about the nature of the actual allostimulatory peptide. Since the most potent agonists are selected, this strategy permits detection of potent antagonists. The results, however, also suggest that the degree of peptide dependency of alloreactive T cell clones may dictate whether a peptide antagonist can be found for such clones. Whether peptide antagonists will be valuable in the development of donor-patient-specific immunosuppression may therefore depend on the specificity of the in vivo-generated alloreactive T cells.
Exercise associated hyponatraemia: quantitative analysis to understand the aetiology (2006)

Actions to prevent hyponatraemia should focus on minimising overdrinking relative to sweating rate and attenuating salt depletion in those who excrete salty sweat. This simulation demonstrates the complexity of defining fluid and electrolyte consumption rates during athletic competition.
Evaluation of the size of a query expressed in relational algebra (1981)

We present a probabilistic model for evaluating the size of relations derived from given relations through relational algebra operators. We define tools to estimate the derived relations size and we state the assumptions underwhich we perform such an evaluation.The particular class of data base schemata in which we evaluate the derived relation size is characterized by properties such as independence between two relations having union-compatible domains or independence between distinct tuples in a relation. We show that, knowing the expected size of all projections of each relation in the database, we can compute the size of each query expressed in relational algebra and we give the results for each operator of this language (selection, projection, union, intersection, e-join).
Persona management (2010)

According to Wikipedia, “Technologies significantly affect human as well as other animal species’ ability to control and adapt to their natural environments”. Humans first employed technology when we used the things around us as simple tools. But have we taken the simple tool idea too far?
Geology-guided Quantification of Production-Forecast Uncertainty in Dynamic Model Inversion (2011)

Abstract The presence of a large number of geologic uncertainties and limited well data typically increase the challenges associated with hydrocarbon recovery forecasting. Although recent advances in geologic modeling enable the automation of the model generation process by means of next-generation geostatistical tools, the computation of the reservoir dynamic response with full-physics reservoir simulation remains a computationally expensive task, which in practice requires considering only a few (but which?) of the many probable realizations. This paper presents a workflow that demonstrates the potential of capturing the inherent model uncertainty more accurately and assists in production-forecast business decisions. This workflow uses a history matching approach that directly interfaces the Earth modeling software with a forward simulator. It relies on the rapid characterization of the main features of the geologic uncertainty space, represented by an ensemble of sufficiently diverse history matched model realizations at the high-resolution geological scale. This workflow generates a more accurate result by obeying known geostatistics (variograms) and well constraints. We implement a multi-step, Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo inversion in which the proxy model is guided by streamline-based sensitivities. This process eliminates the need to run a forward simulation for each model realization, which significantly reduces the computation time. Efficient model parameterization and updates in the wave-number domain, based on discrete cosine transform (DCT), is used for fast characterization of the main features of the geologic uncertainty space, including structural framework, stratigraphic layering, facies distribution, and petrophysical properties. The application of the history matching workflow is demonstrated with a case study the combines the geological model with approximately 900K cells, four different depositional environments, and 30 wells with a 10-year waterflood history. Finally, the method is described to dynamically rank the reconciled model realizations to identify the highest potential of capturing bypassed oil and to optimize business decisions for implementing improved oil recovery (IOR). The main features include the following: Calculation of pattern-dissimilarity distances, which distinguish two individual model realization in terms of recovery response Deployment of very fast streamlined simulations to evaluate distances Application of pattern-recognition techniques to assign several realizations, representative for production forecasting, to full-physics simulation Derivation of the probability distribution of dynamic model responses (e.g., recovery factors) from the intelligently selected simulation runs
Metal-Fluorocarbon-Pyrolants: III. Development and Application of Magnesium/Teflon/Viton (MTV) (2002)

The development and application of pyrotechnic payloads based on magnesium, Teflon® and Viton®, so-called MTV is reviewed. MTV is applied in decoy flares, tracking flares, countermeasure torches, base bleed units, tracer units, igniters, solid rocket propellants, RAM propellants, incendiary devices and signaling applications.