gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Authenticating Outputs of Computer Software Using a Cryptographic Coprocessor. (1996)

A cryptographic coprocessor is described for certifying outcomes of software programs. The system for certifying and authenticating outputs allows a third party who trusts the secure components of the system to verify that a specified program actually executed and produced a claimed output.
Quantitative assessment of bacterial contamination of raw milk using bioluminescence (1999)

Enumeration of bacteria in raw milk is of public health and economic importance. Among the proposed rapid methods for assessment of bacterial contamination in raw milk, ATP bioluminescence has proved to be one of the most promising (Griffiths, 1991). Several companies produce ATP bioluminescence reagent kits and equipment for analysing raw milk samples for total bacterial count (Sutherland et al . 1994; Reybroeck & Schram, 1995). The principle of ATP bioluminescent bacterial assay is based on the following assumptions (Olsen, 1991). All living organisms contain ATP, ATP is neither associated with dead cells nor absorbed on to surfaces, colloids and so on, and there is a fairly constant ratio of ATP to biomass/number of cells for all microbial taxa independent of metabolic activity or environmental conditions. Of these assumptions, only the first seems to be indisputable. It is not the number of bacterial cells, but rather the colony forming unit (cfu) that is the denomination used when assessing the microbial quality of milk. For Gram-negative rods of the genus Enterobacteriaceae, a cfu is usually derived from a single cell. However, Gram-positive cocci (staphylococci and streptococci) grow in bunches and chains respectively (Gregg, 1991), and estimation of cell numbers may not give good agreement with the colony counts. Several approaches have been investigated to increase the sensitivity of the bioluminescent method (Pahuski et al . 1991; Sutherland et al . 1994; Reybroeck & Schram, 1995; Froundjian et al . 1999). Although the detection limit achieved by these modifications (10 4 cfu/ml) may be sufficient for practical use (Bautista et al . 1992; Reybroeck & Schram 1995), the accuracy of the analysis was not significantly improved. The reported values for accuracy of the estimate for cfu/ml in raw milk ( S yx ) by the bioluminescent method were in the range 0·27–0·87 log units (Bautista et al . 1992; Reybroeck & Schram, 1995). The purpose of the present study was to determine the reasons for the lack of accuracy of the bacterial ATP assay in raw milk.
Computational Models for Neuromuscular Function (2009)

Computational models of the neuromuscular system hold the potential to allow us to reach a deeper understanding of neuromuscular function and clinical rehabilitation by complementing experimentation. By serving as a means to distill and explore specific hypotheses, computational models emerge from prior experimental data and motivate future experimental work. Here we review computational tools used to understand neuromuscular function including musculoskeletal modeling, machine learning, control theory, and statistical model analysis. We conclude that these tools, when used in combination, have the potential to further our understanding of neuromuscular function by serving as a rigorous means to test scientific hypotheses in ways that complement and leverage experimental data.
1H-NMR Spectroscopy of Body Fluids: Inborn Errors of Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism (1999)

The overview of metabolism that is provided by 1H-NMR spectroscopy makes the technique a valuable screening tool in the detection of inborn errors of purine and pyrimidine metabolism.
Effects of Starting Materials on the Preparation of Spherical Pd Powders by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis (1996)

Palladium powders were prepared from aqueous solutions of Pd(NO3)2, PdCl2 and Pd(NH3)4Cl2 by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis in nitrogen flow and the effects of starting materials and preparation conditions on the properties of prepared powders were investigated. Submicron powders were obtained from PdCl2 because it melts at 680°C and disintegrates on evolving gas. Powders prepared from Pd(NH3)4Cl2 often had a bimodal particle size distribution and irregular shapes because the porous particles of Pd formed at about 300°C underwent either sintering or breaking up to pieces at higher temperatures, resulting in a mixture of large and small particles. Spherical solid powders were prepared from Pd(NH3)4Cl2 only when the synthesis condition was carefully controlled within a narrow range. Dense spherical powders were obtained in a wide range of preparation condition by using Pd(NO3)2. Pd(NO3)2 hydrolyzes in heated droplets and then dissociates to PdO. At higher temperatures Pd particles formed by the dissociation of PdO sinter and densify successively to form single-crystal-like solid particles. Pd powders prepared from Pd(NO3)2 and Pd(NH3)4Cl2 oxidize less when they are heated in air.
Loss of the imprinted snoRNA mbii-52 leads to increased 5htr2c pre-RNA editing and altered 5HT2CR-mediated behaviour (2009)

The Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) genetic interval contains several brain-expressed small nucleolar (sno)RNA species that are subject to genomic imprinting. In vitro studies have shown that one of these snoRNA molecules, h/mbii-52, negatively regulates editing and alternative splicing of the serotonin 2C receptor (5htr2c) pre-RNA. However, the functional consequences of loss of h/mbii-52 and subsequent increased post-transcriptional modification of 5htr2c are unknown. 5HT2CRs are important in controlling aspects of cognition and the cessation of feeding, and disruption of their function may underlie some of the psychiatric and feeding abnormalities seen in PWS. In a mouse model for PWS lacking expression of mbii-52 (PWS-IC+/-), we show an increase in editing, but not alternative splicing, of the 5htr2c pre-RNA. This change in post-transcriptional modification is associated with alterations in a number of 5HT2CR-related behaviours, including impulsive responding, locomotor activity and reactivity to palatable foodstuffs. In a non-5HT2CR-related behaviour, marble burying, loss of mbii-52 was without effect. The specificity of the behavioural effects to changes in 5HT2CR function was further confirmed using drug challenges. These data illustrate, for the first time, the physiological consequences of altered RNA editing of 5htr2c linked to mbii-52 loss that may underlie specific aspects of the complex PWS phenotype and point to an important functional role for this imprinted snoRNA.
Predictive biomarkers of immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer: results from an Experts Panel Meeting of the Italian Association of Thoracic Oncology (2017)

Unleashing the potential of immune system to fight cancer has become one of the main promising treatment modalities for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The knowledge of numerous factors that come into play in the cancer-immunity cycle provide a wide range of potential therapeutic targets, including monoclonal antibodies that inhibits the programmed death-1 (PD-1) checkpoint pathway. Over the last two years, nivolumab, pembrolizumab and atezolizumab received approval for treatment of pretreated advanced NSCLC, and more recently, immunotherapy with pembrolizumab is the new standard of care as first-line in patients with high levels of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Selection of patients is mandatory and PD-L1 is the only biomarker currently available in clinical practice. However, PD-L1 staining is an imperfect marker, whose negativity does not exclude a response to immunotherapy, as well as the roughly half of patients are "not-responders" despite high tumor PD-L1 levels. The right cut-off, the differences among various immune checkpoint inhibitors and among various antibody clones, and a not trivial activity reported even in PD-L1 negative tumors are questions still open. New biomarkers beyond to PD-L1 assays as well as new strategies, including combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors are under investigation.
Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor-Like Substance in Familial Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1* (1990)

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a potent endothelial cell mitogen found in a variety of normal and tumor tissues. Basic FGF lacks a classical signal sequence, and it is not clear how it is released from cells. bFGF or bFGF-like activity has not been previously demonstrated in plasma. In an earlier study we showed increased mitogenic activity for parathyroid-derived epithelial and mesenchymal cells in plasma of subjects with familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (FMEN1). In the present study we examined the growth-promoting activity of normal and FMEN1 plasmas [applied to heparin-Sepharose (HS) columns] in parathyroid-derived cloned endothelial cells. FMEN1 plasma HS-adsorbed activity exceeded normal plasma HS-adsorbed activity in 6 of 8 FMEN1 plasma samples. Peak (FMEN1 plasma) HS-adsorbed activity eluted with 0.1-0.3 M NaCl, was completely neutralized by specific antibodies against bFGF, and had an apparent mol wt of 110 kD. Active fractions from FMEN1 plasma prepared by gel filtration in 7 M urea displayed apparent mol wt of about 14-16 kD and showed increased apparent affinity for HS; recovered activity appeared principally in the 3.0-M NaCl eluate. Using a sensitive two-site immunoradiometric assay for bFGF we found 0.4 ng/mL bFGF-like immunoreactivity in the highly purified 3.0-M NaCl eluate from a HS column to which the active components from gel filtration of FMEN1 plasma in 7 M urea were applied. These results imply that bFGF or closely related factors circulate in FMEN1.
Survival of <i>Bifidobacterium longum</i> Immobilized in Calcium Alginate Beads in Simulated Gastric Juices and Bile Salt Solution (2000)

Bifidobacterium longum KCTC 3128 and HLC 3742 were independently immobilized (entrapped) in calcium alginate beads containing 2, 3, and 4% sodium alginate. When the bifidobacteria entrapped in calcium alginate beads were exposed to simulated gastric juices and a bile salt solution, the death rate of the cells in the beads decreased proportionally with an increase in both the alginate gel concentration and bead size. The initial cell numbers in the beads affected the numbers of survivors after exposure to these solutions; however, the death rates of the viable cells were not affected. Accordingly, a mathematical model was formulated which expressed the influences of several parameters (gel concentration, bead size, and initial cell numbers) on the survival of entrapped bifidobacteria after sequential exposure to simulated gastric juices followed by a bile salt solution. The model proposed in this paper may be useful for estimating the survival of bifidobacteria in beads and establishing optimal entrapment conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Analogs and Oligomers of N‐(2‐Aminoethyl)glycine and Their Gastrointestinal Absorption in the Rat. (1984)

Abstract Aus den Diaminen (I) werden die Aminoalkylaminosäuren (III) hergestellt.
Successful Application Of Ultrasound Technology To Detect Sand Producing Intervals In The Wellbore (2011)

Abstract Sand production in oil and gas wells not only poses a serious threat to hydrocarbon production, but can also cause extensive damage to equipment, such as subsurface tubing, surface valves and pipelines. Produced sand is also an environmental hazard, and needs to be disposed of in an environmentally safe way. Effective sand management is therefore a major concern in the oil and gas industry. The key challenge is to optimize hydrocarbon production by minimizing the production of sand and in doing so reduce the damage caused to well completions and surface equipment. On a sand-prone well, this is typically done by identifying a maximum sand free rate (MSFR), and then limiting production to this level. Conventional sand detection methods rely on surface measurements. However, these methods do not provide a complete picture of the sand production down hole. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the problem, sand needs to be detected at its point of entry into the well bore. In this way, the best remedial treatment can be designed. To answer this requirement, an ultrasonic sand detection tool has been developed. The tool detects ultrasound energy generated by sand grains as they enter the well bore and strike the tool in a radial manner. Sand moving parallel to the well bore axis is not detected, thus the tool can indicate the exact entry point of sand, anywhere along the producing interval. The operator can then specify the most appropriate and cost effective remedial action, such as installing sand screens or applying chemical treatments. By employing such a tool, the cost of remedial action can be minimized and hydrocarbon rates can be optimized to achieve sand-free production. The tool can also be used to evaluate the performance of sand screens and other control devices, and if run in tandem with production logging tools, can monitor sand production in conjunction with well performance. This paper presents the results of a case study where a downhole ultrasonic sand detector was used to monitor sand production in five gas-producing wells from the Northern Malay Basin. The methods behind this "sand survey" are presented, along with a description of the tool. Introduction and Background Carigali Hess Operating Company Sdn. Bhd. (Carigali Hess) operates the Cakerawala, Bumi, Suriya and Bulan gas fields in Block A-18 of the Malaysia-Thailand Joint Development Area (MTJDA). Figure 1A shows the geographical location of the MTJDA in relation to Malaysia and Thailand, while Figure 1B illustrates the current arrangement of platforms and pipelines operated by Carigali Hess in the block.
A splicing enhancer in the human fibronectin alternate ED1 exon interacts with SR proteins and stimulates U2 snRNP binding. (1993)

The inclusion of the 270-nucleotide human fibronectin ED1 exon in HeLa cells requires the presence of a centrally located 81-nucleotide exon sequence. We have conducted a series of in vitro experiments aimed at understanding the structural and functional features associated with this splicing enhancer (SE). Using hybrid model pre-mRNA substrates, we show that the SE element markedly stimulates the use of the 3' splice site of ED1. Deletion and replacement analysis identifies the stimulating sequences as a purine-rich stretch of 9 nucleotides (GAAGAAGAC). The SE element stimulates splicing to the ED1 3' splice site from various positions within the exon except when placed beyond 293 nucleotides downstream from that 3' splice site. The action of the enhancer is not limited to the ED1 acceptor site because the SE element stimulates human beta-globin splicing and also induces the use of a 3' splice site in a prokaryotic sequence in vitro. We have explored the mechanism of action of the fibronectin splicing enhancer and found that the SE element is required for efficient assembly of early splicing complexes, allowing a more efficient interaction of the U2 snRNP with branch site sequences. In competition experiments, an RNA containing mainly SE sequences specifically abolished the action of the SE element, suggesting that factors bind the enhancer element to mediate stimulation of splicing. Using RNA mobility shift assays we show that SR proteins interact specifically with the SE element. Our results demonstrate that exon sequences lying in the SE element play a crucial role in specifying splice site recognition through interactions with factors binding to the 3' splice site.
Monitoring Wind Turbines' Unhealthy Status: A Data-Driven Approach (2018)

Condition monitoring plays an important role in wind turbine maintenance, wherein monitoring turbines' unhealthy statuses, mainly those not-runnable statuses causing turbines stop working, could be beneficial in both maintenance cost and wind power generation. A data-driven approach based on support vector data description (SVDD) and extreme learning machine (ELM) algorithms is proposed in this paper to realize effective monitoring on wind turbines' unhealthy status. The SVDD algorithm is applied to separate data of unhealthy statuses from the healthy one. The ELM algorithm is used to construct a classifier for monitoring unhealthy (not-runnable) statuses of wind turbines. Industrial data from real wind farms are studied. Numerical results illustrate the feasibility of the proposed approach, and comparison studies with six monitoring algorithms validate that the proposed two-phase model could obtain better performance than other models.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical Addition of Perfluoro‐n‐butyl Iodide to Alkynes and Olefins. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Flying-Inductor Hybrid DC–DC Converter for 1-Cell and 2-Cell Smart-Cable Battery Chargers (2019)

This article presents a new step-down hybrid converter topology that uses an input flying inductor and a switched-capacitor network to generate output voltages suitable for charging 1-cell (1S) or 2-cell (2S) batteries. The proposed topology relocates the inductor from the high-current output to the low-current input, while providing step-down conversion ratios that take advantage of the higher voltage settings of Universal Serial Bus Type-C (USB-C) power delivery (PD). Moreover, moving the inductor to the input allows the parasitic inductance of a USB cable to be utilized in place of a discrete inductor, that is, a smart-cable architecture, eliminating the need for on-board magnetics and reducing on-board power dissipation. The converter is implemented in 7.37 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of a 130-nm BCD process and provides two outputs with ranges of 3-4.2 V and 6-8.4 V from a 9V input. With a 1μH discrete inductor, the prototype achieves peak powers of 12.2W and 31.9W and peak efficiencies of 94.3% and 97.4% for each output, respectively. The prototype is also demonstrated in a smart-cable architecture to limit on-board dissipation to 630 mW while delivering 7.2W at the first output or 350mW while delivering 14.4W at the second output. Simultaneous data and power transfer and electromagnetic interference (EMI) tests are provided to support the feasibility of integration into a smart-cable architecture.
Optimized Execution of Business Processes on Crowdsourcing Platforms (2012)

Crowdsourcing in enterprises is a promising approach for organizing a flexible workforce. Recent developments show that the idea gains additional momentum. However, an obstacle for widespread adoption is the lack of an integrated way to execute business processes based on a crowdsourcing platform. T
Hydraulic turbine efficiency (2001)

A set of empirical equations has been developed which defines the peak efficiency and shape of the efficiency curve for hydraulic turbines as a function of the commissioning date for the unit, rated head, rated flow, runner speed, and runner throat or impulse turbine jet diameter. The equations are based on an analysis of peak efficiency data from 56 Francis, 33 axial-flow, and eight impulse runners dating from 1908 to the present, with runner diameters ranging from just under 0.6 m to almost 9.5 m. The metric specific speeds (n q ) ranged from 5.3 to 294. The root mean square error of the calculated peak efficiency for Francis and axial-flow runners was found to be 0.65%. The shape of the efficiency curves was derived from eight Francis, five Kaplan, three propeller, and four impulse turbines. Charts showing the relationship between calculated and actual efficiency curves for these 20 runners are provided. A good match between calculated and measured or guaranteed efficiency was obtained. The equations were also used to determine the relative increase in peak efficiency for new reaction runners installed in existing casings at 22 powerplants, with a root mean square accuracy of 1.0%. The equations can be used to (i) develop efficiency curves for new and old runners; (ii) compare the energy output of alternative types of turbines, where this choice is available; and (iii) calculate the approximate incremental energy benefit from installing a new runner in an existing reaction turbine casing, or onto the shaft of an impulse unit.Key words: hydraulic turbines, turbine renovation, turbine efficiency.
Biodegradation of [14C]phenol in secondary sewage and landfill leachate measured by double-vial radiorespirometry (1985)

Double-vial radiorespirometry was used to estimate the biodegradation rates of 14C-labeled phenol in a landfill leachate and a secondary treated domestic wastewater. Rates were found to be comparable for each material at each of the three concentrations tested. Sewage microorganisms immediately began biodegrading the [14C]phenol; landfill leachate microorganisms required a lag period before maximum biodegradation of the [14C]phenol. The apparent rate of [14C]phenol biodegradation was 2.4 times faster in the sewage than in the landfill leachate. Double-vial radiorespirometry was shown to be an effective method for screening biodegradation rates in aquifers.
Hydroxamic Acids as Potent Inhibitors of Fe<sup>II</sup> and Mn<sup>II</sup><i>E. coli</i> Methionine Aminopeptidase: Biological Activities and X‐ray Structures of Oxazole Hydroxamate–<i>Ec</i>MetAP‐Mn Complexes (2012)

New series of acids and hydroxamic acids linked to five-membered heterocycles including furan, oxazole, 1,2,4- or 1,3,4-oxadiazole, and imidazole were synthesized and tested as inhibitors against the Fe(II) , Co(II) , and Mn(II) forms of E. coli methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP) and as antibacterial agents against wild-type and acrAB E. coli strains. 2-Aryloxazol-4-ylcarboxylic acids appeared as potent and selective inhibitors of the Co(II) MetAP form, with IC(50) values in the micromolar range, whereas 5-aryloxazol-2-ylcarboxylic acid regioisomers and 5-aryl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-ylcarboxylic acids were shown to be inefficient against all forms of EcMetAP. Regardless of the heterocycle, all the hydroxamic acids are highly potent inhibitors and are selective for the Mn(II) and Fe(II) forms, with IC(50) values between 1 and 2 μM. One indole hydroxamic acid that we previously reported as a potent inhibitor of E. coli peptide deformylase also demonstrated efficiency against EcMetAP. To gain insight into the positioning of the oxazole heterocycle with reversed substitutions at positions 2 and 5, X-ray crystal structures of EcMetAP-Mn complexed with two such oxazole hydroxamic acids were solved. Irrespective of the [metal]/[apo-MetAP] ratio, the active site consistently contains a dinuclear manganese center, with the hydroxamate as bridging ligand. Asp 97, which adopts a bidentate binding mode to the Mn2 site in the holoenzyme, is twisted in both structures toward the hydroxamate bridging ligand to favor the formation of a strong hydrogen bond. Most of the compounds show weak antibacterial activity against a wild-type E. coli strain. However, increased antibacterial activity was observed mainly for compounds with a 2-substituted phenyl group in the presence of the nonapeptide polymyxin B and phenylalanine-arginine-β-naphthylamide as permeabilizer and efflux pump blocker, respectively, which boost the intracellular uptake of the inhibitors.