gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Virulence and vaccine potential of<i>Salmonella typhlmurium</i>mutants deficient in the expression of the RpoS (σ<sup>s</sup>) regulon (1996)

The alternative sigma factor RpoS (sigma S) is required for Salmonella virulence in mice. We report the immunizing capacity of Salmonella typhimurium rpoS and rpoS aroA mutants to protect susceptible BALB/c mice against subsequent oral challenge with virulent S. typhimurium. When administered orally or intraperitoneally, rpoS derivatives of the mouse-virulent S. typhimurium strains, C52 and SL1344, were highly attenuated and were efficient single-dose live vaccines. rpoS aroA mutants were more attenuated than corresponding single aroA or rpoS mutants, as assessed after oral or intraperitoneal administration, but retained significant ability to protect mice against salmonellosis. Salmonella rpoS and rpoS aroA mutants therefore deserve serious consideration for rational vaccine design. Consistent with this, Salmonella typhi Ty2, a 'wild-type' strain used widely for the development of human live-vaccine candidates against typhoid fever, was shown to be defective for rpoS. In addition, our results demonstrate that rpoS not only controls the growth and persistence of S. typhimurium in deep lymphoid organs, but also plays a role during the initial stages of oral infection.
모차르트의 다중 협주곡 제 1악장의 형식내용에 관한 소고 -피아노 협주곡 K. 242와 K. 365를 중심으로- (2002)

The form of the first movements of Mozart's Concerto for Two Pianos and Orchestra, K. 242(1776) and Concerto for Three Pianos and Orchestra, K. 365(1779) is the topic of this paper, from the point of views of Johann Christian Bach's Concerto for Harpsichord and Orchestra, Op. 7 as a model and of Robert Levin’s formal skim of Mozart's mature piano concertos.
Among concertos composed in Salzburg during the same years, there is no significant difference in formal organization. The double and triple concerto have some common features. The concertos are based on the three-tutti form: opening, middle, and final. The layout of thematic materials is very systematic--regular use of sujet libre is a notable feature. The placement of half-cadence (in the tonic and dominant) is rather regular and important. The duplication or proliferations of the closing material are found. The formal organizations of the first movements of these two concertos follow not only Mozart's model concertos, J. C. Bach's Op. 7, but match well with Levin's formal skim of Mozart's mature solo piano concertos.
Electrically tunable mode decomposition network for 2-port MIMO antennas (2013)

Typically, geometrically symmetric 2-port Multiple Input - Multiple Output (MIMO) antennas for LTE-enabled small mobile wireless devices feature radiation modes with significantly different radiation quality factors. It is difficult to precisely match radiation modes over the desired frequency band. Therefore, a solution for low-loss electrical tuning is of interest. The new solution, reported in the present paper, uses electrically tunable Mode Decomposition Network (MDN). Both radiation modes can be tuned individually by means of mutually independent mode-specific matching networks to the desired frequency bands while maintaining high modal efficiencies. The usable tuning range is restricted by parameters of commercially available components. An investigation of the practically attainable tuning range is shown.
Nanodecoding by Dewetting (2007)

Films of a block copolymer fluid are deposited on surfaces bearing nanostripes of different wettability (see figure). The dewetting process of the fluid decodes the underlying pattern, opening trenches as narrow as 70 nm in the film, and creating fluid nanoribbons as narrow as 300 nm. The fluid ribbons are stabilized by the internal organization of the copolymer in the confined space of the ribbon.
Geothermal steam condensate reinjection (1974)

Geothermal electric generating plants which use condensing turbines and generate and excess of condensed steam which must be disposed of are discussed. At the Geysers, California, the largest geothermal development in the world, this steam condensate has been reinjected into the steam reservoir since 1968. A total of 3,150,000,000 gallons of steam condensate has been reinjected since that time with no noticeable effect on the adjacent producing wells. Currently, 3,700,000 gallons/day from 412 MW of installed capacity are being injected into 5 wells. Reinjection has also proven to be a satisfactory method of disposing of geothermal condensate a Imperial Valley, California, and at the Valles Caldera, New Mexico.
Syntheses of Nitrogen-containing Heterocyclic Compounds. XXXVII. On the Antimicrobial Activity and Syntheses of 2-Phenylquinoline 1-Oxides and Phenyl-1, 8-naphthyridines (1979)

Reaction of quinoline 1-oxide (I) with o-, m-, or p-methoxyphenylmagnesium bromide in tetrahydrofuran afforded the corresponding 2-(o- or p-methoxyphenyl) quinoline 1-oxides (II and V) and their deoxygenated compounds, 2-(o-, m-, or p-methoxyphenyl) quinolines (III, IV, and VI). II, III, V, and VI were hydrolyzed with hydrobromic acid in acetic acid to form their hydroxy compounds (VII to X). Reaction of 1, 8-naphtyridine 1-oxide (XI) with o-methoxyphenyllithium in ether afforded 2-(o-methoxyphenyl)-1, 8-naphthyridine (XII) which was hydrolyzed to the hydroxy compound (XIII). Optimal conditions for the reaction of pyridine 1-oxide (XIV) and benzyne were examined and the best condition was applied to XI. Reaction by method b afforded 2- and 3-(o-hydroxyphenyl)-1, 8-naphthyridines (XIII' and XIX). Antibacterial tests of the synthesized compounds and 2-phenyl-1, x-naphthyridine x=5, 6, 7, 8) (XX to XXIII) showed that III had a wide antibacterial spectrum and that VIII had a stronger antibacterial activity than other compounds against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Angiogenesis and vascular function in the ovary (2009)

Abstract Ovarian function is dependent on the establishment and continual remodelling of a complex vascular system. This enables the follicle and/or corpus luteum (CL) to receive the required supply of nutrients, oxygen and hormonal support as well as facilitating the release of steroids. Moreover, the inhibition of angiogenesis results in the attenuation of follicular growth, disruption of ovulation and drastic effects on the development and function of the CL. It appears that the production and action of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) is necessary at all these stages of development. However, the expression of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) in the cow is more dynamic than that of VEGFA with a dramatic upregulation during the follicular–luteal transition. This upregulation is then likely to initiate intense angiogenesis in the presence of high VEGFA levels. Recently, we have developed a novel ovarian physiological angiogenesis culture system in which highly organised and intricate endothelial cell networks are formed. This system will enable us to elucidate the complex inter-play between FGF2 and VEGFA as well as other angiogenic factors in the regulation of luteal angiogenesis. Furthermore, recent evidence indicates that pericytes might play an active role in driving angiogenesis and highlights the importance of pericyte–endothelial interactions in this process. Finally, the targeted promotion of angiogenesis may lead to the development of novel strategies to alleviate luteal inadequacy and infertility.
Secukinumab efficacy and safety in Japanese patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis: Subanalysis from <scp>ERASURE</scp>, a randomized, placebo‐controlled, phase 3 study (2014)

Secukinumab, a fully human anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibody, neutralizes IL-17A, a key cytokine in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Efficacy and safety of secukinumab was evaluated in Japanese patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis as part of a large Phase 3 global study (ERASURE). In this 52-week, double-blind study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01365455, JapicCTI-111529), 87 patients from Japan (11.8% of 738 patients randomized in the overall study population) were equally randomized to receive secukinumab 300 mg or 150 mg, or placebo once weekly at baseline and at Weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4, then every 4 weeks. Co-primary endpoints (Week 12) were ≥75% improvement in psoriasis area-and-severity index (PASI 75) from baseline and a score of 0 (clear) or 1 (almost clear) on a 5-point Investigator's Global Assessment scale (IGA mod 2011 0/1) versus placebo. PASI 75 and IGA mod 2011 0/1 responses at Week 12 were superior with secukinumab 300 mg (82.8% and 55.2%, respectively) or 150 mg (86.2% and 55.2%, respectively) versus placebo (6.9% and 3.4%, respectively; P < 0.0001 for all). Greater than 90% improvement in PASI (PASI 90) was also superior with secukinumab 300 mg (62.1%) or 150 mg (55.2%) versus placebo (0.0%) at Week 12 (P < 0.0001 for both). Clinical responses were sustained up to Week 52 in the majority of patients. During a 12-week induction period, adverse event incidences were 48.3% with secukinumab 300 mg, 55.2% with 150 mg, and 41.4% with placebo. Secukinumab showed robust and sustainable efficacy in symptom reduction for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in the Japanese patients.
Compositional Analysis of Lignocellulosic Feedstocks. 2. Method Uncertainties (2010)

The most common procedures for characterizing the chemical components of lignocellulosic feedstocks use a two-stage sulfuric acid hydrolysis to fractionate biomass for gravimetric and instrumental analyses. The uncertainty (i.e., dispersion of values from repeated measurement) in the primary data is of general interest to those with technical or financial interests in biomass conversion technology. The composition of a homogenized corn stover feedstock (154 replicate samples in 13 batches, by 7 analysts in 2 laboratories) was measured along with a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) reference sugar cane bagasse, as a control, using this laboratory's suite of laboratory analytical procedures (LAPs). The uncertainty was evaluated by the statistical analysis of these data and is reported as the standard deviation of each component measurement. Censored and uncensored versions of these data sets are reported, as evidence was found for intermittent instrumental and equipment problems. The censored data are believed to represent the "best case" results of these analyses, whereas the uncensored data show how small method changes can strongly affect the uncertainties of these empirical methods. Relative standard deviations (RSD) of 1-3% are reported for glucan, xylan, lignin, extractives, and total component closure with the other minor components showing 4-10% RSD. The standard deviations seen with the corn stover and NIST bagasse materials were similar, which suggests that the uncertainties reported here are due more to the analytical method used than to the specific feedstock type being analyzed.
Analyzing heap error behavior in embedded JVM environments (2004)

Recent studies have shown that transient hardware errors caused by external factors such as alpha particles and cosmic ray strikes can be responsible for a large percentage of system down-time. Denser processing technologies, increasing clock speeds, and low supply voltages used in embedded systems can worsen this problem. In many embedded environments, one may not want to provision extensive error protection in hardware because of (i) form-factor or power consumption limitations, and/or (ii) to keep costs low. Also, the mismatch between the hardware protection granularity and the field access granularity can lead to false alarms and error cancellations. Consequently, software-based approaches to identify and possibly rectify these errors seem to be promising. Towards this goal, this paper specifically looks to enhance the softwareýs ability to detect heap memory errors in a Java-based embedded system. Using several embedded Java applications, this paper first studies the tradeoffs between reliability, performance, and memory space overhead for two schemes that perform error checks at object and field granularities. We also study the impact of object characteristics (e.g., lifetime, re-use intervals, access frequency, etc.) on error propagation. Considering the pros and cons of these two schemes, we then investigate two hybrid strategies that attempt to strike a balance between memory space and performance overheads and reliability. Our experimental results clearly show that the granularity of error protection and its frequency can significantly impact static/dynamic overheads and error detection ability.
Silicon photodetector integrated on a lithium tantalate substrate (1984)

We report the fabrication of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFET’s) in laser recrystallized silicon films on a lithium tantalate substrate with an intervening silicon dioxide layer. Deposited polycrystalline silicon films were irradiated with a scanning focused argon ion laser beam which caused melting and subsequent crystallization of the silicon film into crystallites suitable for MOSFET fabrication. Melting and recrystallization of the silicon film without damaging the substrate were accomplished by irradiation with 0.3–0.4 W of argon ion laser power focused to a 50-μm-diam spot. Transistor channel mobility was measured to be 50 cm2/Vs. When operated as integrated photodetectors, a responsivity of approximately 0.5 A/W was measured. Theoretical operation of these MOSFET’s as integrated photodetectors is derived and compared to observed operation.
Multiuser Scheduling in Downlink MIMO/OFDMA System with Transmit Preprocessing (2006)

This paper applies a MIMO transmit preprocessing method proposed by Choi, 2004 into OFDMA systems. Multiuser scheduling in joint frequency and spatial domain is studied. A suboptimal two step scheduling (TSS) algorithm for the system throughput maximization is proposed with reduced complexity. The performance is showed by computer simulation with the value of spatial domain scheduling
Airborne equipment for geomagnetic measurements (1949)

The airborne magnetometer AN/ASQ‐3A has been modified and auxiliary equipment has been developed to meet requirements for constructing isomagnetic contours of the total magnetic field over extensive areas for use in magnetic prospecting. The principal features of the instrument system are: (a) a self‐oriented magnetometer which utilizes the output of a system of saturable inductors to provide a d‐c response of low noise level and drift rate; (b) instruments for aiding the pilot to follow predetermined lines of a grid or network covering the area to be explored; and (c) an interlocked group of recorders for automatically correlating a continuous magnetometer record with plane position and altitude. The system described has been used extensively by the United States Geological Survey, the United States Naval Petroleum Reserves, and the United States Naval Ordnance Laboratory in aerial magnetic exploration under a wide variety of conditions. Similar systems are also being used by a few commercial companies.
A combined theoretical and experimental investigation on the influence of the bromine substitution pattern on the photophysics of conjugated organic chromophores (2018)

A large series of structurally related two-photon photosensitizers with heavy atom substitution were synthesized and evaluated through a combined spectroscopic (steady-state and time resolved), photophysical and computational study. Our aim was to identify some relevant parameters related to their excited state dynamics including photo-induced singlet oxygen generation. Although these dynamics result from the interplay of many factors, we show that the triplet excited state generation kinetics can generally be correlated with the calculated values of both the spin-orbit coupling and the energy gap between S<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>1</sub> states, which themselves mostly depend on the positioning of the heavy atoms along the π-conjugated structure rather than their number.
Human growth hormone gene and the highly homologous growth hormone variant gene display different splicing patterns. (1988)

Stably transfected cell lines containing the normal human growth hormone (hGH-N) and human growth hormone-variant (hGH-V) genes have been established in order to study the expression of these two highly homologous genes. Each gene was inserted into a bovine papillomavirus shuttle vector under the transcriptional control of the mouse metallothionein gene promoter and the resultant recombinants were transfected into mouse C127 cells. The transfected cells containing the hGH-N gene secrete two hGH proteins, 91% migrating at 22 kD and 9% migrating at 20 kD, the same relative proportions synthesized in vivo by the human pituitary. S1 nuclease analysis of mRNA from these cells confirms that 20 kD hGH is encoded by an alternatively spliced product of the primary hGH-N gene transcript in which the normal exon 3 splice-acceptor site is bypassed for a secondary site 15 codons within exon 3. Although the hGH-V gene is identical to the hGH-N gene for at least 15 nucleotides on either side of the normal and alternative exon 3 AG splice-acceptor sites, hGH-V synthesizes only a 22-kD protein. Reciprocal exchange of exon 3 and its flanking intron sequences between the hGH-N gene and the hGH-V gene, eliminates the synthesis of the 20-kD protein in both resultant chimeric genes. These results directly demonstrate that both the major 22-kD and the minor 20-kD forms of pituitary hGH are encoded by the alternative splicing products of a single hGH-N gene transcript. This alternative splicing is neither species nor tissue-specific and appears to be regulated by at least two separate regions remote from the AG splice-acceptor site.
Submicron CMOS gate electrode discontinuity: electrical signature and effect on circuit speed (2002)

The importance of vertical continuity of the gate electrodes of submicron CMOS circuits is discussed. A high frequency technique for assessing this continuity is demonstrated. An example of a gate structure with poor vertical continuity is shown, and the effect on circuit operation is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lung Isolation in the Patient With a Difficult Airway (2017)

One-lung ventilation is routinely used to facilitate exposure for thoracic surgical procedures and can be achieved via several lung isolation techniques. The optimal method for lung isolation depends on a number of factors that include (1) the indication for lung isolation, (2) anatomic features of the upper and lower airway, (3) availability of equipment and devices, and (4) the anesthesiologist's proficiency and preferences. Though double-lumen endobronchial tubes (DLTs) are most commonly utilized to achieve lung isolation, the use of endobronchial blockers offer advantages in patients with challenging airway anatomy. Anesthesiologists should be familiar with existing alternatives to the DLT for lung isolation and alternative techniques for DLT placement in the patient with a difficult airway. Newer technologies such as videolaryngoscopy with or without adjunctive fiberoptic bronchoscopy may facilitate intubation and lung isolation in difficult airway management.
Activatable T 1 and T 2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents (2011)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become one of the most important diagnosis tools available in medicine. Typically MRI is not capable of sensing biochemical activities. However, recently emerged activatable MRI contrast agents (CAs), whose relaxivity is variable in response to a specific parameter change in the surrounding physiological microenvironment, potentially allow for MRI to indicate biological processes. Among the various factors influencing the relaxivity of a CA, the number of inner-sphere water molecules (q) directly coordinated to the metal center, the residence time of the coordinated water molecule (τ (m)), and the rotational correlation time representing the molecular tumbling time of a complex (τ (R)) contribute strongly to the relaxivity of an activatable CA. Tuning the ligand structure and properties has been the subject of intensive research for activatable MR CA designs. This review summarizes a variety of activatable MRI CAs sensitive to common variables in microenvironment in vivo, i.e., pH, luminescence, metal ions, redox, and enzymes, etc., with emphasis on the influence of ligand design on parameters q, τ (m), and τ (R).
MAGNETO-OPTICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF EXCHANGE-COUPLED TbNdFeCo FILMS (1991)

Magneto-optical and magnetic properties of single and exchange-coupled double-layered TbNdFeCo films were examined. Very thin TbNdFeCo films with small Tb content were found to be suitable as the 1st layer of double-layered TbNdFeCo films. Large coercivity and large Kerr rotation were concurrently realized in exchange-coupled double-layered TbNdFeCo films. It was also shown that the exchange-coupled double layered TbNdFeCo film has a good recording characteristics at the wavelength of 830nm and the potentiality as a recording medium for shorter wavelength is suggested.
Multi-rate segmented time-interleaved current steering DAC with unity-elements sharing (2010)

A novel multi-rate Time-Interleaved Current Steering Digital to Analog Converter with unity element sharing is presented. Proposed 12-bit DAC is simulated in 90nm CMOS technology. The implemented DAC is divided to two segments, MSB and LSB segments, each having 6 bits of resolution. Taking advantage of the oversampling requirement due to the reconstruction filter at the DAC output, the MSB segment is further separated to 6 subDACs to implement time-interleaved and return-to-zero techniques. Time interleaved technique reduces the switching speed of each individual unit element to 1/6 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> of the sampling clock frequency and RTZ technique improves the linearity of the DAC. Simulations show that employed technique improves the linearity over 6dB with an SFDR of 85dB with 6GS/s sampling frequency and 460MHz input frequency. The DAC draws 13mA from a 1.5V supply. The expected active area of the DAC is 1mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
A Thermohydrodynamic Analysis of Large Tilting-Pad Journal Bearing in Laminar and Turbulent Flow Regimes With Mixing (1990)

This paper describes a thermohydrodynamic analysis of the 19 in. diameter tilting-pad journal bearing for steam turbine in comparison with experimental data. The three-dimensional thermohydrodynamic analysis is performed in both laminar and turbulent flow regimes considering mixing inlet temperature. The linearized turbulent flow model derived by Ng and Pan (1965) is applied. Generally good agreement is obtained for bearing surface temperatures, frictional losses, and minimum film thicknesses between the theoretical and experimental results.
Up-regulation of SALL4 associated with poor prognosis in gastric cancer. . (2014)

for the first time, we have shown that the up-regulation of SALL4 in gastric cancers should serve as a worthwhile biological marker of poor prognosis in gastric cancer therapies, via the strong interactions with a number of proteins, genes, biological processes and pathways which all were associated with poor prognosis in gastric and other cancer.
Analysis of PCB's by Thin-Layer Chromatography (1984)

Abstract A screening thin layer chromatography (TLC) technique has been developed that can be done in the field. Quantitative analysis by TLC densitometry can be done in a laboratory (or field van). A densitometer is needed for quantitative work by TLC. An Apple computer may be added to use as a computational device. Semi-quantitative results may be obtained by visual comparisons. Confirmations may be made by silver halide visualization on TLC. Dehalogenation with sodium biphenyl, chlorination with antimony pentachloride, or mass spectral confirmation may be used. Quantitative analysis is possible of the derivatized positive samples.