gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An event based framework for improving information quality that integrates baseline models, causal models and formal reference models (2005)

We introduce a framework for improving information quality in complex distributed systems that integrates: 1) Analytic models that describe baseline values for attributes and combinations of attributes and components that detect statistically significant changes from baselines. These models determine whether a significant change has occurred, and if so, when. 2) Casual models that help determine why a statistically significant change has occurred and what its impact is. These models focus on the reasons for a change. 3) Formal business and technical reference models so that data and information quality problems are less likely to occur in the future. In this note, we focus on the first two types of models and describe how this framework applies to data quality problems associated with electronic payments transactions and highway traffic patterns.
On a Collection of Reptiles from Palestine, Transjordan, and Sinai (1943)

By GEORG HAAS THE following paper deals with reptiles collected on an excursion through Transjordan, southern Palestine and Sinai, from March 26 to April 4, 1936, by Dr. 0. Theodor and the writer, of the Hebrew University, and Mr. H. Mendelssohn of Tel Aviv. Although our route was the ordinary one to Petra, the number of forms obtained was rather remarkable. In addition to new localities for well-known types, rare forms were taken. Tropiocolotes steudneri and Leptotyphlops philippsi were hitherto unknown from Palestine.
A two-layer recurrent neural network for kinematic control of redundant manipulators (2002)

A recurrent neural network is presented for the kinematic control of kinematically redundant robot manipulators. The proposed recurrent neural network is composed of two bidirectionally connected layers of neuron arrays. While the signals of desired velocity of the end-effector are fed into the input layer, the output layer generates the joint velocity vector of the manipulator. The proposed recurrent neural network is shown to be capable of asymptotic tracking for the motion control of kinematically redundant manipulators.
Ruthenium-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization−Oxidation of Homopropargyl Alcohols. A New Access to γ-Butyrolactones (1999)

Vinylidenemetal species, which readily form from terminal alkynes under mild conditions, have rarely been utilized as reactive intermediates in a catalytic cycle. The conversion of homopropargyl alcohols via such intermediates to metal-complexed oxacarbenes led to the development of an “oxidant” compatible with a ruthenium complex capable of performing the cycloisomerization, that would convert them to lactones. None of the oxidants known to stoichiometrically convert isolated metallooxacarbenes to esters are effective. The unconventional “oxidants”, N-hydroxyimides, proved to be capable of effecting the desired transformation, with N-hydroxysuccinimide being the “oxidant” of choice. The procedure of choice employs cyclopentadienyl (1,4-cyclooctadiene) ruthenium chloride and trifuryl phosphine as the precatalyst in the presence of tetra-n-butylammonium bromide or hexafluorophosphate with N-hydroxysuccinimide as the oxidant in DMF−water at 95°. In this way, a wide diversity of homopropargyl alcohols were converted to γ-butyrolactones with excellent chemoselectivity. Lactones synthesized include an intermediate toward a platelet aggregation inhibitor, a fruit flavor principle, an inhibitor of binding of phorbol esters to PKC-α, a tobacco constituent, a wood constituent (quercus lactone), an aldosterone antagonist (spironolactone) precursor, and an acetogenin known for pesticidal and antitumor activities (muricatacin).
Electrolyte-Induced Inversion Layer Schottky Junction Solar Cells (2011)

A new type of crystalline silicon solar cell is described. Superficially similar to a photoelectrochemical cell a liquid electrolyte creates a depletion (inversion) layer in an n-type silicon wafer, however no regenerative redox couple is present to ferry charge between the silicon and a counter electrode. Instead holes trapped in the electrolyte-induced inversion layer diffuse along the layer until they come to widely spaced grid lines, where they are extracted. The grid lines consist of a single-walled carbon nanotube film etched to cover only a fraction of the n-Si surface. Modeling and simulation shows the inversion layer to be a natural consequence of the device electrostatics. With electronic gating, recently demonstrated to boost the efficiency in related devices, the cell achieves a power conversion efficiency of 12%, exceeding the efficiency of dye sensitized solar cells.
Bias-Optimal Incremental Problem Solving (2002)

Given is a problem sequence and a probability distribution (the bias) on programs computing solution candidates. We present an optimally fast way of incrementally solving each task in the sequence. Bias shifts are computed by program prefixes that modify the distribution on their suffixes by reusing successful code for previous tasks (stored in non-modifiable memory). No tested program gets more runtime than its probability times the total search time. In illustrative experiments, ours becomes the first general system to learn a universal solver for arbitrary disk Towers of Hanoi tasks (minimal solution size ¡£¢¥¤§ ¦). It demonstrates the advantages of incremental learning by profiting from previously solved, simpler tasks involving samples of a simple context free language.
Prevalence of Inappropriate Antibiotic Prescriptions Among US Ambulatory Care Visits, 2010-2011 (2016)

In the United States in 2010-2011, there was an estimated annual antibiotic prescription rate per 1000 population of 506, but only an estimated 353 antibiotic prescriptions were likely appropriate, supporting the need for establishing a goal for outpatient antibiotic stewardship.
Research and application on force control of industrial robot polishing concave curved surfaces (2018)

In order to improve the quality of the industrial robot automatic polishing on curved surfaces and ensure the constant polishing pressure during polishing process, a method for polishing complex concave cavity surfaces with industrial robot is proposed in this article. The method can achieve stable force control and precise position control and is easy to be realized online. In order to ensure the removal rate uniformity of surface material at different normal vectors, a method for adjusting the speed of motorized spindle in real time according to the surface normal vector is proposed. After planning the trajectory and normal vectors, combined with the feedback force signal from the sensor and the proportional–integral controller in the direction of the normal vector, the robot terminal tool corrects the trajectory in the direction of the surface normal vector, indirectly realizing force control between the tool and the surface. The robot polishing system with different polishing tools has different system stiffness. In order to ensure the polishing system with different stiffness to have a better tracking performance of the contact force, an adaptive proportional–integral control algorithm proposed in this article can be used to evaluate the stiffness of polishing system and to adjust proportional–integral parameters. The simulation and experimental results indicate that the method can realize the polishing of concave cavity surface commendably.
Association of cytoplasmic free Ca<sup>2+</sup> gradients with subcellular organelles (1992)

Previous investigations have identified gradients of intracellular free (Ca2+)i (Ca2+i) in the cytoplasm of human fibroblasts. In this study we have compared the spatial distribution of these gradients with the subcellular distribution of cytoplasmic organelles. Using the Ca(2+)-sensitive dye fura-2 and organelle-specific fluorescent dyes, we have found that the highest Ca2+ concentrations are found in the perinuclear cytoplasm and that these regions co-localize with the Golgi apparatus. The area occupied by the endoplasmic reticulum, which includes the Golgi region plus an adjacent area, is also significantly elevated above the average cellular (Ca2+)i. Most mitochondria are located in regions different from those with the highest (Ca2+)i. A variety of phenomena which could have given rise to artifactual (Ca2+)i gradients have been ruled out, including compartmentalization of fura-2 in subcellular organelles, incomplete hydrolysis of fura-2AM esters, and the presence of pH gradients which might change the Ca2+ binding characteristics of fura-2. The existence of gradients in (Ca2+)i between ER and Golgi containing regions of the cytoplasm supports the hypothesis (Sambrook: Cell 61:197-199, 1990) that the traffic of membrane bound vesicles from ER to Golgi is directed by local variations in (Ca2+)i.
Who is who at different cameras: people re-identification using depth cameras (2012)

This study proposes the concept of bodyprints to perform re-identification of people in surveillance videos. Bodyprints are obtained using calibrated depth-colour cameras such as kinect. The author's results on a database of 40 people show that bodyprints are very robust to changes of pose, point of view and illumination. Potential applications include tracking people with networks of non-overlapping cameras.
Stucture-activity studies of cyclic aza-Β3-RGD peptide analogs (2006)

International audience
Profilin-1 modulates proliferation and survival of breast cancer cells (2008)

2600 Objective: Profilin-1 (Pfn1) expression is down-regulated in several different types of adenocarcinoma (breast, pancreas, hepatic) and over-expression of Pfn1 completely suppresses tumorigenicity of breast cancer cell lines in xenograft-based animal models therefore implying that Pfn1 is a tumor-suppressor protein. The objective of the present work is to elucidate the cellular and molecular basis underlying Pfn1’s tumor-suppressive action. Methods: MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines stably expressing either GFP (control) or GFP-Pfn1 were used in the present study. Results: Consistent with their failure to induce tumor formation in xenograft models, GFP-Pfn1 expressing cells displayed dramatically reduced proliferation and increased susceptibility to TNF-induced apoptosis when compared to either parental or GFP-expressers. Immunoblot analyses of cell-cycle markers demonstrated a significant up-regulation in the level of p27kip1, a major cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, in Pfn1 over-expressing cells. Furthermore, Pfn1 over-expression decreases the activation of AKT (a PIP3-dependent process that is central to the regulation of cell proliferation and survival) in MDA-MB-231 cells. Consistent with this biochemical finding, we found that Pfn1 over-expressing cells displayed a nearly 2-fold reduction in the fluorescence intensity of PIP3 immunostaining compared to control cells thus suggesting for the first time that perturbing Pfn1 can modulate phosphoinositide-dependent signaling in breast cancer cells. Conclusion: Overall, these results indicate that tumor-suppressive action of Pfn1 for breast cancer cells could be linked to its modulation of both cell proliferation and survival pathways.
Decarboxylation, CO<sub>2</sub> and the Reversion Problem (2015)

Decarboxylation reactions occur rapidly in enzymes but usually are many orders of magnitude slower in solution, if the reaction occurs at all. Where the reaction produces a carbanion and CO2, we would expect that the high energy of the carbanion causes the transition state for C-C bond cleavage also to be high in energy. Since the energy of the carbanion is a thermodynamic property, an enzyme obviously cannot change that property. Yet, enzymes overcome the barrier to forming the carbanion. In thinking about decarboxylation, we had assumed that CO2 is well behaved and forms without its own barriers. However, we analyzed reactions in solution of compounds that resemble intermediates in enzymic reaction and found some of them to be subject to unexpected forms of catalysis. Those results caused us to discard the usual assumptions about CO2 and carbanions. We learned that CO2 can be a very reactive electrophile. In decarboxylation reactions, where CO2 forms in the same step as a carbanion, separation of the products might be the main problem preventing the forward reaction because the carbanion can add readily to CO2 in competition with their separation and solvation. The basicity of the carbanion also might be overestimated because when we see that the decarboxylation is slow, we assume that it is because the carbanion is high in energy. We found reactions where the carbanion is protonated internally; CO2 appears to be able to depart without reversion more rapidly. We tested these ideas using kinetic analysis of catalytic reactions, carbon kinetic isotope effects, and synthesis of predecarboxylation intermediates. In another case, we observed that the decarboxylation is subject to general base catalysis while producing a significant carbon kinetic isotope effect. This requires both a proton transfer from an intermediate and C-C bond-breaking in the rate-determining step. This would occur if the route involves the surprising initial addition of water to the carboxyl, with the cleavage step producing bicarbonate. Interestingly, some enzyme-catalyzed reactions also appear to produce intermediates formed by the initial addition of water or a nucleophile to the carboxyl or to nascent CO2. We conclude that decarboxylation is not necessarily a problem that results from the energy of the carbanionic products alone but from their formation in the presence of CO2. Catalysts that facilitate the separation of the species on either side of the C-C bond that cleaves could solve the problem using catalytic principles that we find in many enzymes that promote hydrolytic processes, suggesting linkages in catalysis through evolution of activity.
Grain refining of aluminium and its alloys using inoculants (1989)

Grain structure is an important and readily observable feature in cast aluminium alloys. Three different types of grain morphology are possible, namely, columnar, twinned columnar, and equiaxed. Inoculants in the form of master alloys are used to promote the formation of a fully equiaxed grain structure and this is termed grain refinement. Initially, fundamental aspects of solidification are outlined in order that the principles of grain refining using master alloys can be understood. Techniques for the commercial production and testing of common Al–Ti-based master alloys are then discussed briefly. The exact mechanisms by which grain refinement occurs are not yet fully understood and experimental and theoretical studies on the problem are critically reviewed with particular emphasis on (a) the role of solute titanium, (b) the thermodynamics of Al–Ti-based alloy systems, and (c) the nature of heterogeneous nuclei. Finally, current and future trends in the use of grain refining alloys are summarised.
Carbonylations of Alkenes with CO Surrogates (2014)

Alkene carbonylation reactions are important for the production of value-added bulk and fine chemicals. Nowadays, all industrial carbonylation processes make use of highly toxic and flammable carbon monoxide. In fact, these properties impede the wider use of carbonylation reactions in industry and academia. Hence, performing carbonylations without the use of CO is highly desired and will contribute to the further advancement of sustainable chemistry. Although the use of carbon monoxide surrogates in alkene carbonylation reactions has been reported intermittently in the last 30 years, only recently has this area attracted significant interest. This Minireview summarizes carbonylation reactions of alkenes using different carbon monoxide surrogates.
C-Reactive Protein Induced Rearrangement of Phosphatidylcholine on Nanoparticle Mimics of Lipoprotein Particles (2010)

Lipid-coated metal nanoparticles are developed here as a mimic of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles and used to study C-reactive protein (CRP) binding to highly curved lipid membranes. A 12 nm shift in the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) was observed when CRP was added to the lipid-coated gold nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that CRP induced a structural change to the lipids, resulting in clusters of nanoparticles. This clustering provides a visualization of how CRP could cause the aggregation of LDL particles, which is a key step in atherosclerosis. The cluster formation and resultant LSPR shift requires the presence of both CRP and calcium. Fluorescence anisotropy, using a CRP-specific, fluorophore-labeled aptamer confirmed that CRP was bound to the lipid-coated nanoparticles. An increase in the fluorescence anisotropy (Delta r = +0.261 +/- 0.004) of the aptamer probe occurs in the presence of CRP, PC-coated nanoparticles, and calcium. Subsequent sequestration of calcium by EDTA leads to a decrease in the anisotropy (Delta r = -0.233 +/- 0.011); however, there is no change in the LSPR and no change to the cluster structure observed by TEM. This indicates that CRP binds to the PC membrane on the nanoparticle surface reversibly through a calcium bridging mechanism while changing the underlying membrane structure irreversibly as a result of binding.
A tomato xylem sap protein represents a new family of small cysteine‐rich proteins with structural similarity to lipid transfer proteins (2002)

The coding sequence of a major xylem sap protein of tomato was identified with the aid of mass spectrometry. The protein, XSP10, represents a novel family of extracellular plant proteins with structural similarity to plant lipid transfer proteins. The XSP10 gene is constitutively expressed in roots and lower stems. The decline of XSP10 protein levels in tomato infected with a fungal vascular pathogen may reflect breakdown or modification by the pathogen.
Oligonucleotide Analogues with Dialkyl Silyl Internucleoside Linkages (1987)

Abstract Oligonucleotide analogues with dialkyl-silyl inter-nucleoside linkages were prepared by "one pot" reactions starting from dialkyl-dichloro- resp. chloro-dialkylamino-silane derivatives.
Preparation and Utilization of New Carboxyl Group Containing Cation Exchangers Based on Starch Using a Dry Reaction Method (2002)

New cation exchange resins are prepared through reaction of starch — as an inexpensive and biodegradable backbone — and citric acid (CA), as a crosslinking and carboxyl groups bearing agent, in the presence of sodium hypophosphite (SHP) as catalyst at elevated temperature. In this way insoluble crosslinked networks are produced with pendent carboxyl groups. Factors affecting the resin formation, such as reactants concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time, and starch type, are studied. Proper conditions are selected to prepare two cation exchangers based on maize starch and rice starch having capacities of 188 meq/100 g, and 192 meq/100 g, respectively. Potentiometric titration showed that these resins were weakly basic cation exchangers with pKa values of 7.21 and 6.32, respectively. These resins were used in the removal of some basic dyes from aqueous solutions. Adsorption kinetics and isotherms of methylene blue on both resins were investigated.
Prediction Intervals, Factor Analysis Models, and High-Dimensional Empirical Linear Prediction (1999)

Abstract We discuss a technique that provides prediction intervals based on a model called an empirical linear model. The technique, high-dimensional empirical linear prediction (HELP), involves principal component analysis, factor analysis and model selection. In fact, a special case of the empirical model is the factor analysis model. A factor analysis model does not generally aim at prediction, however. Therefore, HELP can be viewed as a technique that provides prediction (and confidence) intervals based on a factor analysis model or a more generalized model, possibly with unknown dimension to be estimated. Although factor analysis models do not typically have justifiable theory due to nonidentifiability, we show that our intervals are justifiable asymptotically. An interval for a future response is called a prediction interval; an interval for the mean of the future response is called a confidence interval. These intervals were compared to the intervals of Hwang and Liu, which were derived using standard asymptotic theory where the relevant covariance matrix has a fixed dimension. In contrast, our intervals are derived asymptotically with the dimension of the covariance matrix approaching infinity, a result much more difficult to obtain. However, the numerical results show that the intervals of this article are much more satisfactory in many cases, including the motivating application. The application that motivated us arises from the work of a group of electrical engineers led by Souders and Stenbakken at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Their aim is to reduce the number of measurements of a high-dimensional variable of dimension, 213 = 8,192, called the future “measurements,” by using the past measurements of similar electric components, such as A/D converters. They claim that only 64 out of 8,192 measurements need to be measured to predict the rest of unobserved measurements well. In this article, we construct our intervals using only 64 measurements of the “future observations” and show that the intervals seem narrow enough to justify their claim.
Sensory organ development in the inner ear: molecular and cellular mechanisms (2002)

The molecular mechanisms underlying the specification of sensory organs in the inner ear and the development of hair and supporting cells within these organs are described. The different organs are all derived from a common pro-sensory region, and may be specified by their proximity to the boundaries between compartments - broad domains within the otocyst defined by the asymmetric expression patterns of transcription factors. Activation of Notch may specify the pro-sensory region, and lateral inhibition mediated by Notch signalling influences whether cells of common lineage in a sensory patch differentiate as either hair cells or supporting cells. The transcription factors Math1 and Brn3.1 are required for hair cell differentiation, and supporting cells express negative regulators of neurogenesis, Hes1 and Hes5. Retinoic acid and thyroid hormone influence early aspects and timing of hair cell differentiation, respectively. Development of the hair cell's mechanosensory hair bundle involves interactions between the cytoskeleton, cell-surface adhesion molecules, receptors and associated extracellular matrix.
Theory of plasma chromatography/gaseous electrophoresis. Review (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTheory of plasma chromatography/gaseous electrophoresis. ReviewH. E. Revercomb and E. A. MasonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1975, 47, 7, 970–983Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1975https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60357a043RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2757Altmetric-Citations595LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts