gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of the Measured and Computed Skin Friction Distribution on the Common Research Model (2011)

Drag arising from skin friction is nearly half of the total drag on a modern commercial transport aircraft under cruise conditions. Computational results of a commercial aircraft configuration known as the Common Research Model (CRM) configuration developed for the AIAA Fourth Drag Prediction Workshop (DPW-IV) show that the predicted skin friction drag can vary by two percent of the total drag depending on the turbulence model chosen and level of approximation employed (i.e. full or thin layer Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes, RANS) in the governing equations. In the current paper, the Fringe Imaging Skin Friction (FISF) technique has been used to measure the skin friction distribution on the CRM under transonic conditions in the 11 Ft. wind tunnel at NASA Ames. The measured results are compared with RANS results. Although the uncertainty of the FISF measurements caused by temperature effects is relatively high, several significant differences have been observed between the computed and measured skin friction distributions. One such difference is in the vicinity of the wing leading edge where the measured flow is clearly laminar and the computational methodology employed assumed the flow to be fully turbulent.
Polyadenylation in Rice Tungro Bacilliform Virus: <i>cis</i> -Acting Signals and Regulation (2001)

The polyadenylation signal of rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) was characterized by mutational and deletion analysis. The cis-acting signals required to direct polyadenylation conformed to what is known for plant poly(A) signals in general and were very similar to those of the related cauliflower mosaic virus. Processing was directed by a canonical AAUAAA poly(A) signal, an upstream UG-rich region considerably enhanced processing efficiency, and sequences downstream of the cleavage site were not required. When present at the end of a transcription unit, the cis-acting signals for 3'-end processing were highly efficient in both monocot (rice) and dicot (Nicotiana plumbaginifolia) protoplasts. In a promoter-proximal position, as in the viral genome, the signal was also efficiently processed in rice protoplasts, giving rise to an abundant "short-stop" (SS-) RNA. The proportion of SS-RNA was considerably lower in N. plumbaginifolia protoplasts. In infected plants, SS-RNA was hardly detectable, suggesting either that SS-RNA is unstable in infected plants or that read-through of the promoter-proximal poly(A) site is very efficient. SS-RNA is readily detectable in transgenic rice plants (A. Klöti, C. Henrich, S. Bieri, X. He, G. Chen, P. K. Burkhardt, J. Wünn, P. Lucca, T. Hohn, I. Potrylus, and J. Fütterer, 1999. Plant Mol. Biol. 40:249-266), thus the absence of SS-RNA in infected plants can be attributed to poly(A) site bypass in the viral context to ensure production of the full-length pregenomic viral RNA. RTBV poly(A) site suppression thus depends both on context and the expression system; our results suggest that the circular viral minichromosome directs assembly of a transcription-processing complex with specific properties to effect read-through of the promoter-proximal poly(A) signal.
Bitcoin, Blockchains and Efficient Distributed Spacecraft Mission Control (2017)

Earth Observing 1 (E0-1) satellite has an imaging spectrometer (hyperspectral) instrument called Hyperion. The satellite is able to image any spot on Earth in the nadir looking direction every 16 days. With slewing of the satellite and allowing for up to a 23 degree view angle, any spot on the Earth can be imaged approximately every 2 to 3 days. EO-1 has been used to track many natural hazards such as wildfires, volcanoes and floods. An enhanced capability that is sought is the ability to image natural hazards in a daily time series for space based imaging spectrometers. The Hyperion can not provide this capability on EO-1 with the present polar orbit. However, a constellation of cubesats each powered with Intelligent Payload Modules, and each with copies of a commercial imaging spectrometer, positioned strategically in the same orbit, can be used to provide daily coverage, cost-effectively.
Inverter topologies and control structure in photovoltaic applications: A review (2011)

The inverter is an integral component of the power conditioning unit of a photovoltaic power system and employs various dc/ac converter topologies and control structure. It has to meet various international standards before it can be put in commercial use. The function of inverter in distributed power generation system on top of photovoltaic generation includes dc-ac conversion, output power quality assurance, various protection mechanisms, and system controls. The requirements in terms of low cost, high efficiency, high reliability, and tolerance over wide range of input voltage variations have driven the inverter development toward simpler topologies, lower component counts, and tighter modular design. Historically, the inverters employed in PV technology may be classified based on number of power processing stages, type of power decoupling, types of interconnection between the stages, and types of grid interface. Based on power processing stage, the inverter may be classified as single stage and multiple stage inverters. This paper presents a comprehensive review of various inverter topologies and control structure employed in PV applications with associated merits and demerits. The paper also gives the recent trends in the development of PV applications.
Complexation of cox-2 inhibitors with bovine serum albumin: Interaction mechanism (2009)

Mechanism of interaction of six cox-2 inhibitors--celecoxib, valdecoxib, etoricoxib, parecoxib sodium, meloxicam and nimesulide--with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied using fluorescence spectroscopic technique. Results were discussed in terms of the binding parameters, thermodynamics of the binding process, the nature of forces involved in the interaction and the fluorescence quenching mechanism involved. Association constants were of the order of 10(4)-10(5) for various drugs. Binding affinity varied with the nature of drug. Nature of forces involved in the interaction could be predicted from the thermodynamic parameters for the binding. Meloxicam and nimesulide shared common sites with hydrophobic probe, 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate (ANS) on BSA molecule. Stern-Volmer analysis of the quenching data indicated that both tryptophan residues of BSA are fully accessible to the drugs and predominantly static quenching mechanism is involved in the interaction.
Application of Lithium Aluminum Hydride to Determination of Hydroxyl Groups (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplication of Lithium Aluminum Hydride to Determination of Hydroxyl GroupsG. A. Stenmark and F. T. WeissCite this: Anal. Chem. 1956, 28, 11, 1784–1787Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60119a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60119a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views83Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Testis-specific mak protein kinase is expressed specifically in the meiotic phase in spermatogenesis and is associated with a 210-kilodalton cellular phosphoprotein. (1993)

The mak gene encodes a new protein kinase distantly related to cdc2 kinase, and its transcripts are expressed exclusively in testicular germ cells at and after meiosis (H. Matsushime, A. Jinno, N. Takagi, and M. Shibuya, Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:2261-2268, 1990). In this study, we prepared a series of antibodies against synthetic peptides and fusion products of the mak gene and characterized the subcellular localization, protein kinase activity, and association with other cellular proteins of Mak. Mak products were identified as 66- and 60-kDa proteins that specifically appeared in rat testes after puberty. Testicular germ cell fractionation revealed that Mak products were most abundant in the fraction of the late pachytene stage and that their levels were dramatically decreased in postmeiotic haploid cells. Mak products were localized mostly in the cytoplasm as a soluble form. [35S]methionine labelling demonstrated that Mak products were associated with a 210-kDa cellular protein; in an in vitro kinase assay with immunoprecipitates of Mak products, the 210-kDa cellular protein was efficiently phosphorylated on serine and threonine residues. Furthermore, in a testicular cell culture system with 32Pi, the 210-kDa molecule associated with Mak was phosphorylated in vivo on serine and threonine residues. These results strongly suggest that the Mak complex may play a role in meiosis during spermatogenesis and that a phosphorylated 210-kDa protein is one of the physiological substrates for this protein kinase.
Using statistical methods to create a bilingual dictionary (1996)

A probabilistic bilingual dictionary assigns to each possible translation a probability measure to indicate how likely the translation is. This master's thesis covers a method to compile a probabilistic bilingual dictionary, (or bilingual lexicon), from a parallel corpus (i.e. large documents that are each others translation). Two research questions are answered in this thesis. In which way can statistical methods applied to bilingual corpora be used to create the bilingual dictionary? And, what can be said about the performance of the created bilingual dictionary in a multilingual document retrieval system? To build the dictionary, we used a statistical algorithm called the EM-algorithm. The EM-algorithm was first used to analyse parallel corpora at IBM in 1990. In this thesis we took a new approach as we developed an EM-algorithm that compiles a bi-directional dictionary. We believe that there are two good reasons to conduct a bi-directional approach instead of a uni-directional approach. First, a bi- directional dictionary will need less space than two uni- directional dictionaries. Secondly, we believe that a bi- directional approach will lead to better estimates of the translation probabilities than the uni-directional approach. We have not yet theoretical proof that our symmetric EM-algorithm is indeed correct. However we do have preliminary results that indicate better performance of our EM-algorithm compared to the algorithm developed at IBM.
Rate of Displacement of Silver from Aqueous Silver Nitrate by Zinc and Copper (1953)

Displacement rates were measured by rotating cylinders of zinc and copper in silver nitrate solutions for short time intervals, followed by analysis of the solutions for silver ion content. At concentrations of a few hundredths molar silver nitrate, the rates are several times as great as calculated for normal diffusion or transport control, because of local cell electrolytic currents. This is analogous to previous results with similar systems. To minimize silver deposition and local cell action, very low silver ion concentrations (, ) were also used, with radioactive Ag110 as tracer for the analysis. In these solutions the rates approach values calculated for normal transport control.
A small nuclear RNA, U5, can transform cells in vitro. (1989)

Low-molecular-weight RNA exhibiting transforming potential was identified in chemically induced lymphoma cells by the transformation of mink lung cells after transfection. The RNA was sequenced by the direct chemical method and was shown to be a small nuclear RNA, U5. The transforming potential of the RNA was further studied in quantitative transformation assays using 3Y1, a rat fibroblastic cell line. Transformed foci appeared with a latency of 3 to 4 weeks after transfection. U5-transformed 3Y1 cells frequently carried an amplified c-myc oncogene. In addition, U5 induced chromosome aberrations in transfected cells, indicating that the RNA acts as a clastogen. Transforming and clastogenic potentials were specifically inactivated when U5 was incubated with RNase H in the presence of a complementary oligonucleotide. We discuss a possible mechanism of U5-induced cell transformation.
Embedded Wafer Level Ball Grid Array (eWLB) (2008)

Wafer Level Packaging (fan-in WLB, Wafer Level Ball Grid Array) is the upcoming future packaging technology with many advantages in comparison to standard Ball Grid Array Packages. Advantages are especially the small package dimensions, excellent electrical and thermal performance, highest package interconnect density and integration possibilities at lowest packaging cost. Today, standard (fan-in) WLBs are the technology of choice mainly for small to medium sized chips with a moderate number of interconnects. The reason for the limited number of interconnects is the need to fit all interconnects on the die in a given terminal pitch. Since this is not generally possible, Infineon has developed a fan-out WLB Technology, called embedded Wafer Level Ball Grid Array (eWLB). The technology is based on a reconstituted wafer which is built prior to the thin-film technology, adding space around the dies to increase the possible number of interconnects on the package. This Reconstituted Wafer is afterwards processed by applying dielectric, redistribution, solder stop and balls in a modified thin-film and backend technology. The new wafer level package concept complies with the directives for environmental friendly technologies like WEEE and RoHS. eWLB passed all performed Standard JEDEC reliability tests without optical or electrical fails on a test vehicle basis. We will introduce recent results of the platform development of the eWLB technology and show the capabilities of Infineon's molded embedded Wafer Level Package for future system integration.
Joint History Matching of Production and 4D-Seismic Related Data for a North Sea Field Case (2010)

Abstract This paper shows the results of an assisted history-matching process applied to a North Sea field case operated by Statoil. The dynamic data considered, that is the data varying with fluid flow, are both production data and 4D-seismic related data. The history-matching process entails a geology to fluid-flow simulation workflow, including the population of the geological model by facies and petrophysical properties using geostatistical algorithms, the simulation of fluid saturation and pressure changes in the reservoir and the computation of time-lapse seismic attributes. This workflow also addresses scaling issues: upscaling of petrophysical properties from the fine geological grid to the reservoir coarse grid; pressure and saturation downscaling from the reservoir grid to the geological grid where a petro-elastic model is applied to compute the seismic related attributes. A least-square objective function is defined to measure the mismatch between the measured dynamic data (production and 4D seismic-related data) and the corresponding simulated responses. Then, a gradient-based optimization algorithm is run to minimize this function, perturbing parameters identified as uncertain from a preliminary sensitivity study based upon Morris's method. To ensure the overall consistency of the workflow, the perturbations applied to the selected parameters are propagated all along the workflow. This methodology was applied to a North Sea field case. A good production data match was obtained perturbing the spatial distribution of some facies and petrophysical properties. The implemented perturbation process was driven by the gradual deformation method: many likely distributions were combined all together leading to a more suitable distribution, which still honored the statistical properties of the model. The match of the available 4D seismic-related data was also locally improved. In addition, the use of 4D seismic data on top of production data made it possible to reduce the data misfit at some wells. This study shows the ability of the assisted history-matching process to handle both production and 4D seismic data on a real field case.
Network Intrusion and Failure Detection System with Statistical Analyses of Packet Headers (2006)

In this research, practical application for quasi-realtime intrusion and network failure detection was designed and implemented. IP packet headers are counted at the monitoring point and summarized in every 5 minutes. Then four kind of statistical analyses are applied to the 5-minute summaries to find a sudden increase/decrease. As the result, the developed application works fine with a standard desktop PC. Warnings were reported in at most 1 minute after every 5-minute summary. In addition to the warning report, Web interfaces were implemented to help the administrator to trace the cause of a warning.
Immuno-PET imaging using 89Zr labeled PD-L1 antibody in non-small cell lung cancer Xenograft (2016)

337 Objectives The immune checkpoint, programmed cell death protein-1/ programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway has emerged as a critical target for cancer immunotherapy, and monoclonal antibodies that block either side of this inhibitory interaction have demonstrated impressive activity across a broad set of cancer subtypes, such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), melanoma, renal cell carcinoma (RCC), et al, even at advanced and metastatic stages of disease. Patients with tumors expressing PD-L1 are most likely to respond to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment. The aim of our study was to develop a novel immune-PET technique to noninvasive determine tumor PD-L1 expression in vivo, which could help to select the patients who are most likely to benefit from anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment and monitor PD-L1 expression during therapy. Methods KN035, an anti-PD-L1 heavy chain antibody selected from a large camel naive phage display Nanobody library, was labeled with radionuclide 89Zr through conjugated to pisothiocyanatobenzyl-desferrioxamine (Df-Bz-NCS). The resulting probe, 89Zr-Df-KN035, was then evaluated by in vitro cell uptake and blocking studies using PD-L1 positive cell lines, human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. Next, serial immnuo-PET (at 1, 6, 24, 48, 72 and 120 h post-injection respectively, n=4) and biodistribution studies were performed in nude mice bearing A549 tumor xenografts to evaluate in vivo performance of 89Zr-Df-KN035. Results Significant differences in uptake of 89Zr-Df-KN035 were observed in A549 tumor cells without and with unlabeled KN035 blocking (P Conclusions 89Zr-Df-KN035 demonstrates promise for use as an immuno-PET agent to image tumor PD-L1 expression in living system, which warrants further selection of patients with NSCLC performing anti-PD-L1 antibody therapy.
Cell Wall Composition and Deoxyribonucleic Acid Similarities Among the Anaerobic Coryneforms, Classical Propionibacteria, and Strains of<i>Arachnia propionica</i> (1972)

Eighty strains of anaerobic coryneforms were compared with 29 strains of classical propionibacteria and 8 strains of Arachnia propionica by cell wall analysis, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) base compositions, and nucleotide sequence similarities. The anaerobic coryneforms have DNA base compositions in the range of 58 to 64% guanine + cytosine (GC) and show at least three homology groups. The largest group corresponds to organisms identified as Propionibacterium acnes and shows about 50% homology to strains in the P. avidum homology group. The third group, P. granulosum, shows low levels of similarities to the other two. All strains of anaerobic coryneforms have some combination of galactose, glucose, or mannose as cell wall sugars, and most have alanine (ala), glutamic acid (glu), glycine (gly), and l-alpha-epsilon-diaminopimelic acid (l-DAP) as amino acids of peptidoglycan. However, a few strains in the P. acnes and P. avidum homology groups have meso-DAP and minimal amounts of glycine. Two serological types, based on cell wall antigens, were found in the P. acnes homology group. One type had galactose, glucose, and mannose as cell wall sugars, the other glucose and mannose only. The classical propionibacteria have DNA base compositions in the range of 65 to 68% GC and show four homology groups which correspond closely to van Niel's classification as given in the 7th edition of Bergey's Manual. The P. jensenii group showed about 50% homology to the P. thoenii group and about 30 to 35% to the P. acidi-propionici group. The P. freudenreichii strains showed a rather lower level of similarity (8 to 25%) to the other homology groups. Most of the strains of classical propionibacteria also have some combination of galactose, glucose, or mannose as cell wall sugars and ala, glu, gly, and l-DAP as peptidoglycan amino acids, but P. shermanii and P. freudenreichii strains, which form a single homology group, have galactose, mannose, and rhamnose as cell wall sugars and ala, glu, and meso-DAP in their peptidoglycan. There is a rather low level of DNA homology (10 to 20%) between the anaerobic coryneforms and classical propionibacteria. However, the strains of A. propionica which have a GC content of 64 to 65% and form a single homology group, show no homology to either of the other two major groups.
Abstract 5130: Efficacy of Two Long-Term Intervention Strategy to Promote Long-Term Adherence to Lifestyle Changes and to Reduce Cardiovascular Event in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease (2008)

Fusion of cytotrophoblasts with the overlying syncytiotrophoblast is an integral step in differentiation of the human placental villous trophoblast. Multiple factors, such as growth factors, hormones, cytokines, protein kinases, transcription factors and structural membrane proteins, were described to modulate trophoblast fusion. However, the knowledge on remodelling of the membrane-associated cytoskeleton during trophoblast fusion is very limited. This study describes the link between remodelling of spectrin-like alpha-fodrin and intercellular trophoblast fusion. Experiments with primary trophoblasts isolated from term placentas and the choriocarcinoma cell line BeWo revealed a biphasic strategy of the cells to achieve reorganization of alpha-fodrin. Syncytialization of trophoblasts was accompanied by down-regulation of alpha-fodrin mRNA, whereas the full-length alpha-fodrin protein was cleaved into 120 and 150 kDa fragments. Application of calpeptin and calpain inhibitor III did not affect alpha-fodrin fragmentation in primary term trophoblasts and forskolin-treated BeWo cells, but decreased secretion of beta human chorionic gonadotropin. In contrast, inhibitors of caspases 3, 8 and 9 attenuated generation of the 120 kDa fragment and a general caspase inhibitor completely blocked fragmentation, suggesting an exclusive function of caspases in alpha-fodrin remodelling. Immunofluorescence double staining of human placenta revealed co-localization of active caspase 8 with alpha-fodrin positive vesicles in fusing villous cytotrophoblasts. These results suggest that caspase-dependent fragmentation of alpha-fodrin may be important for reorganization of the sub-membranous cytoskeleton during trophoblast fusion.