gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the iron status of a population (1976)

The iron status of a population of 1564 subjects living in the northwestern United States was evaluated by measurements of transferrin saturation, red cell protoporphyrin, and serum ferritin. The frequency distribution of these parameters showed no distinct separation between normal and iron-deficient subjects. When only one of these three parameters was abnormal (transferrin saturation below 15%, red cell protoporphyrin above 100 mug/ml packed red blood cells, serum ferritin below 12 ng/ml), the prevalence of anemia was only slightly greater (10.9%) than in the entire sample (8.3%). The prevalence of anemia was increased to 28% in individuals with two or more abnormal parameters, and to 63% when all three parameters were abnormal. As defined by the presence of at least two abnormal parameters, the prevalence of iron deficiency in various populations separated on the basis of age and sex ranged from 3% in adolescent and adult males to 20% in menstruating women. It is concluded that the accuracy of detecting iron deficiency in population surveys can be substantially improved by employing a battery of laboratory measurements of the iron status.
(-)-Salbutamol sulphation in the human liver and duodenal mucosa : interindividual variability (1997)

1. Salbutamol as a beta 2-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of lung obstructive disease and premature labour. It has a bioavailability of 50% and sulphation is the main route of its metabolism. (-)-Salbutamol retains most of the beta 2-adrenergic activity and, thereby, we describe the interindividual variability in the sulphation rate of (-)-salbutamol in 100 specimens of human liver and duodenal mucosa. 2. The mean rate (pmol/min/mg of salbutamol sulphation was 498 in the duodenum and 141 in the liver with 4-fold variation within +/-2 SD units in both tissues. 3. A modelling approach based on the comparison of the best fittings obtained using a gaussian and the sum of two gaussian curves revealed the presence of two subgroups in the hepatic rate of salbutamol sulphation and their means were 69.5 and 105 pmol/min/mg (p < 0.05). In the duodenum, the rate of salbutamol sulphation approached normality. 4. The rates of salbutamol and 4-nitrophenol sulphation correlated highly (r = 0.853; p < 0.001) in the liver whereas in duodenum the rates of salbutamol and dopamine correlated highly (r = 0.914; p < 0.001), 4-Nitrophenol and dopamine are the diagnostic substrates of phenol- and catechol-sulphotransferases respectively. These findings are consistent with the view that the rate of salbutamol sulphation is higher in the gut than in liver and it varies considerably in both tissues.
Comparative validity of two hearing loss screening questionnaires. (1992)

Existing self-administered questionnaires cannot be recommended for use. A controlled clinical study using the newly derived questionnaire, the Smith Hearing Screening, should be conducted.
Bias-induced stress transitions in sputtered TiN films (1986)

We report on intrinsic stress properties of magnetron sputtered titanium nitride films deposited under different conditions. By proper selection of processing parameters, films with low stress can be obtained. Unstressed film formation is favored by low substrate bias voltage, high pressure, or use of heavy sputtering gases. Stress relief is, however, accompanied by an increase in resistivity and a decrease in film density. As a result of these changes the effectiveness of such titanium nitride films as diffusion barriers between silicon and aluminum is minimal.
A 0.02-mm$^{2}$ 9-Bit 50-MS/s Cyclic ADC in 90-nm Digital CMOS Technology (2010)

A 9-bit cyclic ADC employs a track-and-evaluation technique for enhancing the speed of residue evaluation. The proposed multiply-by-two circuit has a shorter evaluation time than the conventional design due to the application of a partial positive feedback topology. The residue evaluation and sampling phases are merged to reduce the conversion latency. Hence, only four clock cycles are required to perform the 9-bit conversion. The proposed 0.02-mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ADC has been fabricated in 90-nm digital CMOS technology. It operates at 50 MS/s and achieves an SNDR of 50.5 dB with a power consumption of 6.9 mW from a 1.0-V supply.
Thioredoxin1 as a Negative Regulator of Cardiac Hypertrophy (2007)

Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in the development of cardiac hypertrophy. In contrast, antioxidants scavenge ROS, thereby maintaining the reduced environment of cells and inhibiting hypertrophy in the heart. Thioredoxin1 (Trx1) not only functions as a major antioxidant in the heart but also interacts with important signaling molecules and transcription factors, thereby attenuating cardiac hypertrophy. This review will discuss the molecular mechanisms by which Trx1 exerts antihypertrophic effects in the heart.
Regulation of Phospholipase D by dynamin in the integrin signaling. (2006)

Dynamin has been considered as a mechanochemical enzyme, which is involved in endocytosis. However, recently, there were reports which highlight dynamin's role as a regulator such as controlling of cell spreading. There are also evidences that PLD activity is important in the cell spreading. All these previous findings imply the relationship of PLD and dynamin within the integrin signaling pathway. Here, we confirmed that the dominant‐negative K44A dynamin inhibited cell spreading. It was also verified that the significance of PLD activity in cell spreading. Altogether, we found out that dynamin is involved in the integrin mediated PLD activity, which is the first to report the role of dynamin in the integrin mediated PLD signaling. This, in turn, suggests possible explanation of the link between mechanochemical and regulatory activity of dynamin and provides evidences of dynamin's role of intracellular coordinator.
Stent retriever thrombectomy with the Cover accessory device versus proximal protection with a balloon guide catheter: in vitro stroke model comparison (2015)

Application of the Cover device in this experimental model resulted in higher successful recanalization rates, no embolic events, and was more effective than use of the conventional guide catheter or BGC.
A gene homologous to the subunit-2 gene of NADH dehydrogenase is essential to inorganic carbon transport of Synechocystis PCC6803. (1991)

A clone that transforms the RKa mutant of Synechocystis PCC6803 defective in inorganic carbon (Ci) transport to the wild-type phenotype was isolated from a cyanobacterial genomic library. The clone contained an 11.8-kilobase-pair DNA insert. Sequencing of the insert DNA in the region of the mutation in RKa revealed an open reading frame (designated as ndhB), which showed extensive amino acid sequence homology to the subunit-2 genes of NADH dehydrogenase (EC 1.6.99.3) (ndhB) of chloroplasts and mitochondria. The homology was much stronger with the chloroplast genes. Sequence analysis of the ndhB gene of RKa mutant revealed a G----A substitution that results in a Gly----Asp substitution in the deduced amino acid. A defined mutant (M55), constructed by inactivating the ndhB gene in wild-type Synechocystis, required high CO2 conditions for growth and was unable to transport CO2 and HCO3- into the intracellular Ci pool. The results indicate that the ndhB gene is required for Ci transport. Dark respiration was also depressed by the inactivation of the ndhB gene. A possible role of the ndhB gene product in the energization of Ci transport is discussed.
Infrared Spectroscopy of Three-Dimensional Self-Assembled Monolayers:  <i>N</i>-Alkanethiolate Monolayers on Gold Cluster Compounds (1996)

Transmission infrared spectroscopy has been used to probe the structure of alkanethiolate monolayers adsorbed onto nanometer-sized gold clusters. The alkyl chain lengths vary between propanethiolate and tetracosanethiolate; specifically the C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C10, C12, C16, C20, and C24 alkanethiolates have been examined as solid suspensions in KBr pellets. It has been found that the smaller chain lengths (C3, C4, and C5) are relatively disordered, with large amounts of gauche defects present, and thus most resemble the free alkanes in the liquid state. The longer length alkanethiolates are predominantly in the all trans zigzag conformation. There are detectable amounts of near surface gauche defects, the amount of which decreases with increasing chain length, and a reasonably high percentage of end-gauche defects, the relative amount of which increases with increasing chain length. Internal gauche defects cannot be detected. A model is proposed to explain these observations, and the data are compared with that collected for alkanethiolates self-assembled onto the more traditional two-dimensional systems.
ZIRCONIUM ELECTROPLATING ON URANIUM FROM MOLTEN ALKALI FLUORIDE SALTS. (1968)

gas, or by electrolysis. Several kilograms of UO/sub 2/ were prepared by electrolysis using graphite electrodes. The physical properties of the material made it potentially useful as a ceramic fuel material. The initial high particle density of the "as-produced" UO/sub 2/ was considered of great potential advantage for adapting this process to the refabrication of irradiated UO/sub 2/ into recycle fuel elements. (M.C.G.)
Gradient static-strain stimulation in a microfluidic chip for 3D cellular alignment (2013)

Cell alignment is a critical factor to govern cellular behavior and function for various tissue engineering applications ranging from cardiac to neural regeneration. In addition to physical geometry, strain is a crucial parameter to manipulate cellular alignment for functional tissue formation. In this paper, we introduce a simple approach to generate a range of gradient static strains without external mechanical control for the stimulation of cellular behavior within 3D biomimetic hydrogel microenvironments. A glass-supported microfluidic chip with a convex flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane on the top was employed for loading the cells suspended in a prepolymer solution. Following UV crosslinking through a photomask with a concentric circular pattern, the cell-laden hydrogels were formed in a height gradient from the center (maximum) to the boundary (minimum). When the convex PDMS membrane retracted back to a flat surface, it applied compressive gradient forces on the cell-laden hydrogels. The concentric circular hydrogel patterns confined the direction of hydrogel elongation, and the compressive strain on the hydrogel therefore resulted in elongation stretch in the radial direction to guide cell alignment. NIH3T3 cells were cultured in the chip for 3 days with compressive strains that varied from ~65% (center) to ~15% (boundary) on hydrogels. We found that the hydrogel geometry dominated the cell alignment near the outside boundary, where cells aligned along the circular direction, and the compressive strain dominated the cell alignment near the center, where cells aligned radially. This study developed a new and simple approach to facilitate cellular alignment based on hydrogel geometry and strain stimulation for tissue engineering applications. This platform offers unique advantages and is significantly different from the existing approaches owing to the fact that gradient generation was accomplished in a miniature device without using an external mechanical source.
A rate control algorithm for uplink high-speed packet data transmission in UMTS (2005)

High speed data services are becoming increasingly important in the uplink of wireless communication systems in order to support applications such as FTP, E-Mail, and gaming. In Release 6 of the universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) standard, an enhanced dedicated channel (E-DCH) has been introduced to provide high-speed packet data transmission in the uplink. This channel has the capability to provide high data rate services, both for best-effort and delay-sensitive applications, by introducing scheduling of users with fast resource allocation at the base station. In this paper, we propose an efficient uplink resource allocation algorithm comprising an overload control algorithm, a rate control algorithm, and a soft handoff (SHO) load control algorithm. System-level simulation results are presented that demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm in a multi-cell, multi-user environment. Our simulation result shows that scheduling many users with similar rates leads to a desirable short rise-over-thermal (RoT) tail behavior and better user fairness than scheduling a few high data rate users. The performance analysis of the proposed SHO load control algorithm shows that the algorithm is effective in controlling the tradeoff between cell throughput and user fairness.
Abnormal products in the Bischler–Napieralski isoquinoline synthesis (1997)

Reaction of N-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]benzamides with phosphorus pentoxide (and phosphoryl chloride) gives 7-methoxy-1-phenyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines (a normal Bischler–Napieralski reaction product) and 6-methoxy-1-phenyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines (an abnormal reaction product). The reaction mechanism is discussed.
Model Selection and the Principle of Minimum Description Length (2001)

AbstractThis article reviews the principle of minimum description length (MDL) for problems of model selection. By viewing statistical modeling as a means of generating descriptions of observed data, the MDL framework discriminates between competing models based on the complexity of each description. This approach began with Kolmogorov's theory of algorithmic complexity, matured in the literature on information theory, and has recently received renewed attention within the statistics community. Here we review both the practical and the theoretical aspects of MDL as a tool for model selection, emphasizing the rich connections between information theory and statistics. At the boundary between these two disciplines we find many interesting interpretations of popular frequentist and Bayesian procedures. As we show, MDL provides an objective umbrella under which rather disparate approaches to statistical modeling can coexist and be compared. We illustrate the MDL principle by considering problems in regression, nonparametric curve estimation, cluster analysis, and time series analysis. Because model selection in linear regression is an extremely common problem that arises in many applications, we present detailed derivations of several MDL criteria in this context and discuss their properties through a number of examples. Our emphasis is on the practical application of MDL, and hence we make extensive use of real datasets. In writing this review, we tried to make the descriptive philosophy of MDL natural to a statistics audience by examining classical problems in model selection. In the engineering literature, however, MDL is being applied to ever more exotic modeling situations. As a principle for statistical modeling in general, one strength of MDL is that it can be intuitively extended to provide useful tools for new problems.KEY WORDS: AicBayesian methodsBayes information criterionCluster analysisCode lengthCoding redundancyInformation theoryModel selectionPointwise and minimax lower boundsRegressionTime series
THE PHARMACOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF LEUKOTRIENE B4 (1983)

Journal Article THE PHARMACOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF LEUKOTRIENE B 4 Get access MICHAEL A BRAY, PhD MICHAEL A BRAY, PhD Research Department Pharmaceutical Division CIBA-GEIGYBasel, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar British Medical Bulletin, Volume 39, Issue 3, 1983, Pages 249–254, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071828 Published: 01 September 1983
Single Amino Acid Substitutions at the N-Terminus of a Recombinant Cytotoxic Ribonuclease Markedly Influence Biochemical and Biological Properties (1998)

Onconase is a cytotoxic ribonuclease with antitumor properties. A semisynthetic gene encoding the entire protein sequence was constructed by fusing oligonucleotides coding for the first 15 and the last 6 of the 104 amino acids to a genomic clone that encoded the remaining amino acid residues [Newton, D. L., et al. (1997) Protein Eng. 10, 463-470]. The resulting protein product expressed in Escherichia coli exhibited little enzymatic or cytotoxic activity due to the unprocessed N-terminal Met amino acid residue. In this study, we demonstrate that modification of the 5'-region of the gene to encode [Met-(-1)]Ser or [Met-(-1)]Tyr instead of the native pyroglutamate results in recombinant onconase derivatives with restored activities. [Met-(-1)]rOnc(E1S) was more active than [Met-(-1)]rOnc(E1Y) in all assays tested. Consistent with the action of native onconase, [Met-(-1)]rOnc(E1S) was a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis in the cell-free rabbit reticulocyte lysate assay, degrading tRNA at concentrations that correlated with inhibition of protein synthesis. An interesting difference between the recombinant onconase derivatives and the native protein was their susceptibility to inhibition by the major intracellular RNase inhibitor, PRI (onconase is refractory to PRI inhibition). [Met-(-1)]rOnc(E1S) and [Met-(-1)]rOnc(E1Y) inhibited protein synthesis in intact SF539 neuroblastoma cells with IC50's very similar to that of onconase (IC50 3.5, 10, and 10 microg/mL after 1 day and 0.16, 0.35, and 2.5 microg/mL after 5 days for onconase, [Met-(-1)]rOnc(E1S), and [Met-(-1)]rOnc(E1Y), respectively). Similar to that of onconase, cytotoxic activity of the recombinant derivatives was potentiated by monensin, NH4Cl, and retinoic acid. Brefeldin A completely blocked the enhancement of cytotoxicity caused by retinoic acid with all three proteins. Thus, drug-induced alterations of the intracellular trafficking of the recombinant derivatives also resembles that of onconase. Stability studies as assessed in serum-containing medium in the presence or absence of cells at 37 degreesC showed that the recombinant proteins were as stable to temperature and cell culture conditions as the native protein. Therefore, exchanging the Glu amino acid residue at the amino terminus of onconase with an amino acid residue containing a hydroxyl group produces recombinant proteins with ribonuclease and cytotoxic properties similar to native onconase.
The effect of dipolar forces on the structure and thermodynamics of classical fluids (2000)

The present understanding of how dipolar forces affect the structure and phase behaviour of classical fluids is reviewed. We focus mainly on the apparent absence of a liquid-vapour phase transition for strongly polar spherical particles, and discuss how the same can be recovered. By concentrating on theoretical and simulation studies of simple models, the roles and interplay of dipolar and Van der Waals interactions and molecular shape can be clearly discerned. Connection is made with experimental work on ferrofluids. Finally, we discuss the theoretical and computational challenges that lie ahead.
Michigan Data Translator Design Specifications. Version IIB. (1977)

This document describes the capabilities and design specifications of the Version IIB, Release 1 Data Translator. Although the previous versions of the Data Translator were designed to demonstrate the research performed, this version has as its design objective usability and efficiency. It incorporates the experience and capabilities of the previous versions of the Translator developed during the first four years of research and development for the Defense Communications Agency. The main emphasis of this version is on the conversion and restructuring of IDS databases. See also ADs A061 498 and A061 455.
Treatment of antigen‐induced arthritis in rabbits with dysprosium‐165–ferric hydroxide macroaggregates (1989)

Dysprosium-165-ferric hydroxide macroaggregates (165Dy-FHMA) was used as an agent of radiation synovectomy in an antigen-induced arthritis model in New Zealand white rabbits. Animals were killed up to 6 months after treatment. 165Dy-FHMA was found to have a potent but temporary antiinflammatory effect on synovium for up to 3 months after treatment. Treated knees also showed significant preservation of articular cartilage architecture and proteoglycan content compared with untreated controls, but only during the first 3 months after treatment. In animals killed 3 and 6 months after treatment there were only minimal differences between the treated and untreated knees, indicating that the antiinflammatory effects on synovial tissue and articular cartilage preservation were not sustained.
Electrical and mechanical properties of expanded graphite‐reinforced high‐density polyethylene (2004)

Abstract High‐density polyethylene (HDPE) was reinforced with expanded and untreated graphite in a melt‐compounding process. Viscosity increased upon addition of graphite phase, with the expanded graphite (EG) showing more dramatic rise than the untreated graphite (UG) in viscosity. The increase in viscosity was attributed to the increased surface‐to‐volume ratio for the EG filler after acid treatment. Electrical conductivity also increased from that pertaining to an insulator to one characteristic of a semiconductor. The EG system showed a lower percolation threshold for transition in conductivity compared to that in the UG system. DSC results indicated that the fillers acted as a nucleating agent in inducing the crystallization of HDPE in the composites. However, the overall degree of crystallinity and melting temperature of HDPE decreased with the addition of EG and UG. Mechanical properties improved as a function of filler content but the overall enhancement was not impressive. It was conjectured that the filler–matrix interface was not optimized in the melt‐mixing process. However, the role of EG as a reinforcement phase for both electrical and mechanical properties was unambiguously established. The EG composites demonstrated potentially useful attributes for antistatic, barrier, mechanical, electrical, and cost‐effective applications. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91:2781–2788, 2004
Comprehensive Expression Profiles of Genes for Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases in Immune Cells (2010)

The phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of signaling molecules play a crucial role in various cellular processes, including immune responses. To date, the global expression profile of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) in various immune cells has not been described. With the RefDIC (Reference Genomics Database of Immune Cells) database compiled by RIKEN (Rikagaku Kenkyusho), we examined the expression patterns of PTP-encoding genes in mice and identified between 57 and 64 PTP-encoding genes (depending on cutoff values) that were commonly expressed in immune cells. Cells of different lineages contained additional, unique PTP-encoding genes, which resulted in a total of 58 to 76 genes. Compared with cells from nonimmune tissues, immune cells exhibited enhanced expression of the genes encoding 8 PTP-encoding genes, including Ptprc, Ptpn6, and Ptpn22, but had barely detectable expression of 11 PTP-encoding genes, including Ptprd and Tns1. Each immune cell lineage had between 2 and 18 PTP-encoding genes expressed at relatively high or low extents relative to the average expression among immune cells; for example, Ptprj in B cells, Dusp3 in macrophages, Ptpro in dendritic cells, and Ptprg in mast cells. These PTPs potentially play important roles in each cell lineage, and our analysis provides insight for future functional studies.