gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of oxygen free radicals in cocaine‐induced vascular disruption in mice (1994)

To test the hypothesis that cocaine-induced embryonic vascular disruption is mediated by oxygen free radicals, the antioxidants 2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate (OTC) and alpha-phenyl-N-t-butyl nitrone (PBN) were employed. When cocaine (78 mg/kg) was administered on day 8 of gestation to ICR mice and embryos evaluated on day 10 (in vivo), 62.3% of cocaine-treated embryos showed increased vasodilation compared to 4.9% for controls, and 33.1% of the cocaine-exposed embryos showed marked hemorrhage compared to 3.3% for controls. In addition, cocaine increased the incidence of neural defects, in the form of open neural tube, hypoplastic prosencephalon, and microcephaly. Administration of OTC (0.25 and 0.5 mmol/kg) or PBN (300 mg/kg) prior to cocaine significantly reduced cocaine-induced vasodilation and hemorrhage, while not preventing neural defects. When cocaine (78 mg/kg) was administered in vivo on day 8 of gestation and embryos were dissected 15 min later and subsequently cultured for 48 hr in the absence of cocaine (in vivo-in vitro), marked vascular disruption was observed: normal yolk circulation/heartbeat was decreased to 26.6%, while edema/blisters and vasodilation/hemorrhage were increased to 45.6% and 59.6%, respectively. Administration of PBN (300 mg/kg) prior to cocaine completely prevented cocaine-induced vascular disruption. When cocaine was administered in vivo and PBN (300 micrograms/ml) was incubated with cultured embryos in vitro, the antioxidant only partially prevented cocaine-induced cardiovascular defects in this model. Neural defects produced by cocaine were not significantly affected by PBN, administered either in vivo or in vitro. Cocaine (78 mg/kg) administered in vivo stimulated lipid peroxidation maximally after 3 hr in both day 8 and day 9 embryos. When cocaine was incubated in vitro during embryo culture at 33 micrograms/ml, a concentration that produces nonspecific inhibition of growth and development, embryonic lipid peroxidation on day 9 was not affected. Finally, when PBN (300 mg/kg) was administered prior to cocaine (78 mg/kg) on day 8 of gestation, stimulation of lipid peroxidation by cocaine was prevented. These results suggest that cocaine-induced vascular disruption in early development is mediated by maternal production of oxygen free radicals.
Parametric fluorescence in oxidized AlGaAs waveguides (1999)

Parametric fluorescence at 2.1 µm is observed in oxidized, form-birefringent AlGaAs waveguides. The signal level measured is approximately 15 pW, over the range of 1.9–2.5 µm. The possibility of realizing an optical parametric oscillator is discussed, and reduction of the internal losses is shown to require optimization of the oxidation process.
Effect of accumulated duration of the light period on bud burst in Norway spruce (Picea abies) of varying ages (2001)

<ja:p>One-year-old seedlings (two sowing times), two-year-old seedlings and 14- and 18-year-old cuttings of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) were exposed to shortening photoperiod (initially 16 h), lengthening photoperiod (initially 6 h) and constant short photoperiod (6 h) treatments with uniform temperature conditions in growth chambers. The timing of bud burst was examined. In all plants, shortening photoperiod treatment seemed to promote bud burst compared with other treatments. This effect was clearest in the oldest material. The results suggest that, in addition to temperature sum, the accumulated duration of the light period may promote bud burst of Norway spruce.</ja:p>
Impedance plethysmography. A screening procedure to detect deep-vein thrombosis (1987)

Impedance plethysmography has great potential in the non-invasive detection of dangerous iliofemoral thrombosis. It was used to examine 198 patients undergoing total hip replacement for evidence of proximal venous segment thrombosis. There were 13 abnormal results, and subsequent venography in 12 of these revealed a false-positive rate of 4.0%; there was one false-negative result giving a sensitivity of 85.7%. A venographic study of 46 other patients clinically suspected of having a proximal deep-vein thrombosis confirmed this sensitivity. The iliofemoral thrombosis rate was 3.9% after total hip replacement and this rate increased significantly in the group of patients over 70 kg in weight. Impedance plethysmography was found to be a useful non-invasive screening procedure for potentially fatal proximal venous thrombosis.
Comparing Antigenicity and Immunogenicity of Engineered gp120 (2005)

We have engineered monomeric gp120 in such a way as to favorably present the conserved epitope for the broadly neutralizing antibody b12 while lowering the exposure of epitopes recognized by some weakly neutralizing and nonneutralizing antibodies. The work presented here describes the immune response in rabbits immunized with two prototype, engineered gp120s to explore the relationship between antigenicity and immunogenicity for these mutants. The GDMR gp120 mutant (residues 473 to 476 on gp120 altered from GDMR to AAAA) has a series of substitutions on the edge of the CD4 binding site (CD4bs), and the mCHO gp120 mutant has seven extra glycans relative to the wild-type protein. Importantly, serum mapping showed that both mutants did not elicit antibodies against a number of epitopes that had been targeted for dampening. The sera from rabbits immunized with the GDMR gp120 mutant neutralized some primary viruses at levels somewhat better than the wild-type gp120 immune sera as a result of an increased elicitation of anti-V3 antibodies. Unlike wild-type gp120 immune sera, GDMR gp120 immune sera failed to neutralize HXBc2, a T-cell line adapted (TCLA) virus. This was associated with loss of CD4bs/CD4-induced antibodies that neutralize TCLA but not primary viruses. The mCHO gp120 immune sera did not neutralize primary viruses to any significant degree, reflecting the masking of epitopes of even weakly neutralizing antibodies without eliciting b12-like antibodies. These results show that antibody responses to multiple epitopes on gp120 can be dampened. More precise focusing to a neutralizing epitope will likely require several iterations comparing antigenicity and immunogenicity of engineered proteins.
Investigating Risk Adjustment Methods for Health Care Provider Profiling When Observations are Scarce or Events Rare (2018)

None of the PS methods clearly outperformed logistic regression, except when sample sizes were relatively small. Propensity score matching performed worse than the other PS methods considered.
Catalytic Enantioselective Nazarov Cyclization (2017)

A detailed account of an asymmetric Nazarov cyclization that leads to α‐hydroxycyclopentenones bearing either vicinal, all‐carbon quaternary centers, or vicinal quaternary and tertiary centers is given. The all‐aliphatic examples represent the greatest challenge, as the dienone starting materials are not activated toward cyclization by an aryl group. The rational design and optimization of the substrates in parallel with optimization of the chiral Brønsted acid catalyst is also described, as well as a series of diastereoselective transformations of a fully substituted cyclopentenone product.
Abl kinases are required for vascular function, Tie2 expression, and angiopoietin-1–mediated survival (2013)

Endothelial dysfunction is associated with diverse cardiovascular pathologies. Here, we show a previously unappreciated role for the Abelson (Abl) family kinases (Abl and Arg) in endothelial function and the regulation of angiogenic factor pathways important for vascular homeostasis. Endothelial Abl deletion in Arg-null mice led to late-stage embryonic and perinatal lethality, with mutant mice displaying focal loss of vasculature and tissue necrosis. Loss of Abl kinases led to increased endothelial cell apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo, contributing to vascular dysfunction, infarction, and tissue damage. Mechanistically, we identify a unique dual role for Abl kinases in the regulation of angiopoietin/Tie2 protein kinase signaling. Endothelial Abl kinases modulate Tie2 expression and angiopoietin-1-mediated endothelial cell survival. These findings reveal a critical requirement for the Abl kinases in vascular development and function, which may have important implications for the clinical use of Abl kinase inhibitors.
Fabrication and Properties of Silicon Compounds. (1973)

The hot-pressing behavior of SiC with additions of Al2O3 was investigated. It was found that a liquid phase was formed at temperatures > 1900C, which caused densification by a solution-reprecipitation mechanism. Al2O3 was identified as a second phase in the dense bodies. The phenomenon of pressureless sintering of Si3N4 (+ 5 wt % MgO) powders was studied. Densities of 90% theoretical and flexural strengths of 60,000 psi could be achieved. The densification behavior can be viewed as a competition between weight loss due to decomposition and shrinkage due to liquid phase sintering. The critical load required to induce surface damage into dense Si3N4 and SiC with a spherical indenter was determined. (Modified author abstract)
Ketamine Pharmacology: An Update (<i>Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Aspects, Recent Findings</i>) (2013)

For more than 50 years, ketamine has proven to be a safe anesthetic drug with potent analgesic properties. The active enantiomer is S(+)-ketamine. Ketamine is mostly metabolized in norketamine, an active metabolite. During "dissociative anesthesia", sensory inputs may reach cortical receiving areas, but fail to be perceived in some association areas. Ketamine also enhances the descending inhibiting serotoninergic pathway and exerts antidepressive effects. Analgesic effects persist for plasma concentrations ten times lower than hypnotic concentrations. Activation of the (N-Methyl-D-Aspartate [NMDA]) receptor plays a fundamental role in long-term potentiation but also in hyperalgesia and opioid-induced hyperalgesia. The antagonism of NMDA receptor is responsible for ketamine's more specific properties. Ketamine decreases the "wind up" phenomenon, and the antagonism is more important if the NMDA channel has been previously opened by the glutamate binding ("use dependence"). Experimentally, ketamine may promote neuronal apoptotic lesions but, in usual clinical practice, it does not induce neurotoxicity. The consequences of high doses, repeatedly administered, are not known. Cognitive disturbances are frequent in chronic users of ketamine, as well as frontal white matter abnormalities. Animal studies suggest that neurodegeneration is a potential long-term risk of anesthetics in neonatal and young pediatric patients.
Ionic Liquids and Electrolytes for Cellulose Dissolution (2016)

In this thesis, the synthesis and application of tetraalkylphosphonium-based ionic liquids towards the dissolution of cellulose (and lignocellulose) is explored. \n\nIonic liquids were synthesised from trialkylphosphines by quaternisation with alkyl halides or dimethylcarbonate and subsequent anion exchange reactions. The ionic liquids were used to dissolve lignin, and were found only to dissolve cellulose upon addition of a polar aprotic molecular solvent, such as DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide). The cellulose dissolution capabilities of a range of these phosphonium ionic liquids in combination with DMSO was studied. It was found that these organic electrolyte solutions were very effective solvents for cellulose, with a high molar dissolution capacity. At the greatest extent, only one mole of ionic liquid per glucose units in cellulose is needed to dissolve cellulose. The role of the cation and anion in the dissolution process is explored, with the aid of solvent parametisation techniques and NMR studies. Other solvents, including GVL (gamma-valerolactone), were explored as greener replacements for DMSO. \n\nFor the shorter chain phosphonium ionic liquids with DMSO and GVL, upper critical solution temperature behaviour was observed and explored in more detail. In these solutions, cellulose is only soluble at high temperatures, and reforms at low temperatures to form a gel with a spherical micro-particle morphology. \n\nThe phase behaviour of hydrophobic phosphonium ionic liquids, DMSO, and water was studied and applied to the recovery of the ionic liquid after cellulose dissolution in the electrolyte solutions. Ternary phase diagrams of three of the hydrophobic ionic liquids in combination with DMSO and water were constructed. \n\nFinally, phosphonium ionic liquid and deuterated DMSO electrolytes were studied and successfully used for the NMR analysis of high molecular weight cellulose materials. \n\nFuture work in this area is expected to focus further on the theoretical understanding of cellulose dissolution in phosphonium ionic liquid-based organic electrolyte solutions - with expanded NMR measurements, and other experimental techniques, in tandem with molecular dynamics modelling. Additionally, it is expected that techniques for the solution-state NMR of cellulose will be applied at extended range of analytes, including but not limited to, whole biomass, modified and unmodified nano-celluloses, and high molecular weight cellulose derivatives. The thermo-responsive behaviour (UCST-type) phase-separation of cellulose will continue to be explored especially in its application to new materials, included fibres and shaped spherical particles.
The Magnetic-Resonance While-Drilling Tool: Theory and Operation (2001)

Summary The first Magnetic-Resonance-Image Logging-While-Drilling (MRI-LWD*) tools have been built and field tested. The hardware was designed to provide data that are compatible with the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Log (MRIL®) wireline tool in terms of processing and interpretation. This paper discusses the theory of robust MRIL measurements in the drilling environment and reviews the theory of 7 relaxation time measurements. We report on the results of a field test in the Gulf of Mexico. The MRI-LWD device logged the entire total depth (TD) run from casing to TD and provided additional hydrocarbon-typing data in wiping mode over the target zones. Wireline MRIL data and conventional logs were used to verify the MRI-LWD measurements.
Tumour necrosis factor α (cachectin) mimics some of the effects of tumour growth on the disposal of a [14C]lipid load in virgin, lactating and litter-removed rats (1988)

Tumour necrosis factor alpha (cachectin) was administered to virgin, lactating and litter-removed rats, and subsequent disposal of an oral [1-14C]triolein (glycerol tri[1-14C]oleate) load examined. Absorption of the lipid and 14CO2 production were significantly depressed in all three groups. [14C]Lipid accumulation was decreased in carcass, liver and adipose tissue (brown and white) of virgin and litter-removed rats and the mammary gland of lactating rats. The plasma triacylglycerol concentration was increased in all three groups, and lipoprotein lipase activity was decreased in the white adipose tissue of virgin and litter-removed animals and in the mammary gland of lactating animals. Some, but not all, of these effects mimic tumour burden in the same physiological states [Evans & Williamson (1988) Biochem. J. 252, 65-72].
Dual nucleotide specificity of bovine glutamate dehydrogenase. The role of negative co-operativity (1980)

The thionicotinamide analogues of NAD+ and NADP+ were shown to be good alternative coenzymes for bovine glutamate dehydrogenase, with similar affinity and approx. 40% of the maximum velocity obtained with the natural coenzymes. Both thionicotinamide analogues show non-linear Lineweaver-Burk plots, which with the natural coenzymes have been attributed to negative co-operativity. Since the reduced thionicotinamide analogues have an isosbestic point at 340nm and have an absorption maximum at 400nm, it is possible to monitor reduction of natural coenzyme and thionicotinamide analogue simultaneously by dual-wavelength spectroscopy. When glutamate dehydrogenase is presented with NADP+ and thio-NADP+ simultaneously, the enzyme oligomer senses saturation of its coenzyme-binding sites irrespective of the exact nature of the coenzyme and locks the oligomer into its highly saturated form even when low saturation of the monitored coenzyme is present. These experiments substantiate the suggestion that glutamate dehydrogenase shows negative co-operativity in its catalytically active form.
Array comparative genomic hybridisation on first polar bodies suggests that non-disjunction is not the predominant mechanism leading to aneuploidy in humans (2011)

The received wisdom that non-disjunction is the primary mechanism leading to human aneuploidy should be reconsidered.
Synthesis of Benzo[b]phenanthridines and Related Naturally Occurring 2-Aryl-1,4-naphthoquinones by Palladium- and Copper-Catalyzed Coupling of Organostannanes with Bromoquinones (2001)

Syntheses of phenanthroviridone, gilvocarcin BE-12406X2, antibiotic WS 5995B, and a key intermediate for the synthesis of jadomycin are described, based on palladium- and copper-catalyzed coupling reactions of sterically hindered arylstannanes with 2-bromonaphthoquinones.
Novel and Highly Potent 5-HT<sub>3</sub> Receptor Agonists Based on a Pyrroloquinoxaline Structure (1997)

The synthesis and the biological evaluation of a series of novel pyrroloquinoxaline derivatives are described. In binding studies several compounds proved to be potent and selective 5-HT3 receptor ligands. The most active pyrroloquinoxalines, 11d and 11e, showed a subnanomolar affinity for 5-HT3 receptor and were able to functionally discriminate the central and peripheral 5-HT3 receptor, being agonists and antagonists, respectively. In functional studies ([14C]-guanidinium accumulation test in NG 108-15 cells, in vitro) most of the synthesized compounds showed clear-cut 5-HT3 agonist properties. In in vivo studies on the von Bezold-Jarisch reflex test (a peripheral interaction model) the behavior of the tested compounds ranged from agonist to antagonist, while clear agonist properties were obtained with 12a on cortical acetylcholine release in freely moving rats. Pharmacokinetic studies with 11e and 12c indicate that the compounds easily cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after systemic administration with a brain/plasma ratio of 17.5 and 37.5, respectively. Thus compounds 11e and 12c represent the most potent central 5-HT3 agonists identified to date that are able to cross the blood-brain barrier.
Correlation between Preoperative Ischemia and Major Cardiac Events after Peripheral Vascular Surgery (1989)

Patients who undergo peripheral vascular surgery are at increased risk for postoperative cardiac events and are difficult to assess preoperatively because of limitations on their activity. We prospectively studied 176 consecutive eligible patients undergoing elective vascular surgery to determine the value in predicting a postoperative cardiac event of preoperative electrocardiographic monitoring to detect myocardial ischemia. Of the 176 patients, 32 (18 percent) had 75 episodes of monitored ischemic ST-segment depression preoperatively (of which 73 were asymptomatic), and 13 (7 percent) met strict criteria for major postoperative cardiac events, including 1 with a fatal myocardial infarction, 3 with nonfatal infarctions, 4 with unstable angina, and 5 with ischemic pulmonary edema. Of the 32 patients with ischemia before their operations, 12 had postoperative events (univariate relative risk, 54; 95 percent confidence interval, 7.2 to 400). Only 1 postoperative event occurred among 144 patients who did not have preoperative ischemia. The sensitivity of preoperative ischemia was 92 percent, the specificity 88 percent, the predictive value of a positive result 38 percent, and the predictive value of a negative result 99 percent. In multivariate analyses, preoperative ischemia was the most significant correlate of postoperative cardiac events and remained a statistically significant independent correlate even after we had controlled for all other preoperative factors (multivariate relative risk, 24.4; 95 percent confidence interval, 6.8 to 88). These preliminary data suggest that preoperative electrocardiographic monitoring to detect episodes of myocardial ischemia is a useful method for assessing cardiac risk in patients who undergo elective vascular surgery. In particular, the absence of ischemia during monitoring indicates a very low risk.
Production and Characterization of Polymer Nanocomposites with Highly Aligned Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2003)

We report the production and characterization of polymer nanocomposites with single-walled carbon nanotubes having improved mechanical properties and exceptional nanotube alignment. High-pressure carbon monoxide nanotubes (HiPco) were efficiently distributed in polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene (PE) with a twin-screw compounder. Nanotube concentrations were 1, 5, 10, and 20 wt% in PE composites and 0.7 wt% in PS composites. PE composites were melt-spun into fibers to achieve highly aligned nanotubes. Polarized Raman spectroscopy shows that the degree of alignment increases with decreasing fiber diameter and decreases with increasing nanotube loading. The orientation distribution function of a 1 wt% HiPco/PE composite had a full width at half-maximum of approximately 5 degrees. The elastic modulus increases up to 450% relative to PE fibers for 20 wt% nanotube loading at an intermediate fiber diameter of 100 microns.
Preparation and Characterizations of Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)/Acrylate Rubber (ACM) Blend for Light Diffuser Applications (2015)

Dynamically vulcanized PMMA/ACM (80 wt%/20 wt%) blend using DCP as a curing agent was prepared using internal mixer. The morphology, mechanical properties, optical properties, melt viscosity and die swell were characterized by using FE-SEM, tensile test, Izod impact test, dynamic mechanical analysis, ARES and capillary rheometer, respectively. The blends show a phase-separated morphology in which ACM are dispersed in PMMA matrix. Dynamically vulcanized blend exhibits higher mechanical properties, higher melt viscosity, and die swell as compared to simple blend. And, the dynamically vulcanized blend showed total transmittance of more than 75% and haze of higher than 90%, which enable it to find potential applications to fabricate an optical diffuser by extrusion process.
Nymphal Habitat of <i>Oliarus Vicarius</i>(Homoptera: Cixiidae), and Possible AssociationWith <i>Aphaenogaster</i> and <i>Paratrechina</i>(Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (1979)

Oliarus is a cosmopolitan genus represented in North America north of Mexico by 51 species (Mead 1968). The most recently published key is found in a preliminary revision by Ball (1934) in which 31 species of Oliarus are recognized. Mead (1968) showed that O. vicarius (Walker) and O. quinquelineatus (Say) are so similar in morphology and habits that misidentifications are made. Mead stated that O. vicarius ranges only from North Carolina southward to Florida and, with few exceptions, is restricted to the coastal plain. O. quinquelineatus is widespread in the eastern half of North America.
State v. Whitlow and Ineffective Counsel: No Record, Foreshadowing the Record, and Making a Record (2002)

State v. Whitlow and Ineffective Counsel