gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anchor concept graph distance for web image re-ranking (2013)

Web image re-ranking aims to automatically refine the initial text-based image search results by employing visual information. A strong line of work in image re-ranking relies on building image graphs that requires computing distances between image pairs. In this paper, we present Anchor Concept Graph Distance (ACG Distance), a novel distance measure for image re-ranking. For a given textual query, an Anchor Concept Graph (ACG) is automatically learned from the initial text-based search results. The nodes of the ACG (i.e., anchor concepts) and their correlations well model the semantic structure of the images to be re-ranked. Images are projected to the anchor concepts. The projection vectors undergo a diffusion process over the ACG, and then are used to compute the ACG distance. The ACG distance reduces the semantic gap and better represents distances between images. Experiments on the MSRA-MM and INRIA datasets show that the ACG distance consistently outperforms existing distance measures and significantly improves start-of-the-art methods in image re-ranking.
TECHNIQUES TO ENHANCE FLUID MICRO-MIXING AND CHAOTIC MICROMIXERS (2005)

With fast development of microfluidic systems, fluid micro-mixing becomes a very important issue. In this paper, recent developments on various micromixers and their working mechanisms are reviewed, including the external agitation methods applied in active mixing and the channel geometries adopted in passive mixer design. The chaotic mixing and the influences of Re would be mainly discussed. At moderate and high Re , the fluid inertial effects usually facilitate the chaotic mixing. At low Re , generation of chaotic advection becomes more difficult but can still be achieved through fluid manipulations such as stretching and folding. Chaotic mixers can be characterized using dynamical system techniques, such as Poincaré plot, and Lyapunov exponent.
Proapoptotic BH3-only Bcl-2 family members induce cytochrome<i>c</i>release, but not mitochondrial membrane potential loss, and do not directly modulate voltage-dependent anion channel activity (2000)

Through direct interaction with the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members such as Bax and Bak induce apoptogenic mitochondrial cytochrome c release and membrane potential (Deltapsi) loss in isolated mitochondria. Using isolated mitochondria, we showed that Bid and Bik, BH3-only proteins from the Bcl-2 family, induced cytochrome c release but not Deltapsi loss. Unlike Bax/Bak, the cytochrome c release induced by Bid/Bik was Ca(2+)-independent, cyclosporin A-insensitive, and respiration-independent. Furthermore, in contrast to Bax/Bak, Bid/Bik neither interacted with VDAC nor directly affected the VDAC activity in liposomes. Consistently, Bid/Bik induced apoptosis without Deltapsi loss, whereas Bax induced apoptosis with Deltapsi loss. These findings indicated the involvement of a different mechanism in BH3-only, protein-induced apoptogenic cytochrome c release.
Dielectrophoretic analysis of microbes in water (1998)

Traditional microbiological methods are still used extensively for analysis of micro-organisms in water. However, they are inefficient due to a high labour input requirement, a low sample capacity, and often a long time lag before results are available. Analytical stages involving incubation and growth (enrichments and colony isolation) contribute the greatest delay in reporting, although subsequent identification can also be protracted. The use of electrometric growth analysers (measuring impedance, conductance or capacitance changes) is now more common in water microbiology. Although these instruments can provide more rapid results and provide increased handling capacity, the bacterial generation times required to provide detectable changes cause delays and suitable selective media are not fully developed for all microbes of interest. Most other recent methods have equally disappointing drawbacks and thus extensive research continues in order to realise the ambition of 'real-time' analytical microbiology. Several research groups have demonstrated the potential of dielectrophoresis in providing microbial concentration, separation and identification systems which are not limited by bacterial growth and are therefore extremely rapid. Dielectrophoresis occurs when cells are placed in non-uniform electric fields. The cells move towards the electrodes (regardless of the direction of the applied field) as determined by their dielectric properties (conductivity and permittivity) rather than by their charge as occurs in electrophoresis. Also, the polarisability of the cells, and therefore the polarity and magnitude of the dielectrophoretic force, varies as a function of the electric field frequency. Because the dielectric properties of a particular cell type have characteristic frequency-dependent components, if cell collection at electrodes is observed across a frequency range, the collection spectrum produced is distinctive for the cell type under investigation. This can be exploited for analytical and separation applications in microbiology. This paper will describe rapid analytical techniques based on electrokinetic phenomena under research and development at York. These include dielectrophoretic enrichment, concentration and characterisation systems for the analysis of water bacteria and protozoa.
Positron Emission Tomographic Measurement of Cerebral Blood Flow and Permeability—Surface Area Product of Water Using [<sup>15</sup>O]Water and [<sup>11</sup>C]Butanol (1987)

We have previously adapted Kety's tissue autoradiographic method for measuring regional CBF in laboratory animals to the measurement of CBF in humans with positron emission tomography (PET) and H2(15)O. Because this model assumes diffusion equilibrium between tissue and venous blood, the use of a diffusion-limited tracer, such as H2(15)O, may lead to an underestimation of CBF. We therefore validated the use of [11C]butanol as an alternative freely diffusible tracer for PET. We then used it in humans to determine the underestimation of CBF that occurs with H2(15)O, and thereby were able to calculate the extraction Ew and permeability-surface area product PSw of H2(15)O. Measurements of the permeability of rhesus monkey brain to [11C]butanol, obtained by means of an intracarotid injection, external detection technique, demonstrated that this tracer is freely diffusible up to a CBF of at least 170 ml/min-100 g. CBF measured in baboons with the PET autoradiographic method and [11C]butanol was then compared with CBF measured in the same animals with a standard residue detection method. An excellent correspondence was obtained between both of these measurements. Finally, paired PET measurements of CBF were made with both H2(15)O and [11C]butanol in 17 normal human subjects. Average global CBF was significantly greater when measured with [11C]butanol (53.1 ml/min-100 g) than with H2(15)O (44.4 ml/min-100 g). Average global Ew was 0.84 and global PSw was 104 ml/min-100 g. Regional measurements showed a linear relationship between local PSw and CBF, while Ew was relatively uniform throughout the brain. Simulations were used to determine the potential error associated with the use of an incorrect value for the brain-blood partition coefficient for [11C]butanol and to calculate the effect of tissue heterogeneity and errors in flow measurement on the calculation of PSw.
Renal Sodium-Dependent Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors for New Anti-Diabetic Agent (2010)

Plasma glucose is continuously filtered through the glomerulus and then is reabsorbed via the transcellular transport system of proximal tubules in the kidney. The glucose reabsorption system in the kidney is mediated by sodium-dependent glucose cotransporters (SGLTs). Most of filtered glucose is reabsorbed by the low affinity, high capacity SGLT2 located in the proximal renal tubule. SGLT2 inhibitors, such as T-1095, enhance urinary glucose excretion and consequently lower blood glucose levels independent of insulin action. The principle behind SGLT inhibition involves the amelioration of diabetic conditions without increasing body weight and the risk of hypoglycemia. A number of SGLT2 inhibitors are being developed for the treatment of diabetes. This review offers the summary of structure-activity relationships (SARs) and pharmacological profiles of T-1095 and diverse SGLT2 inhibitors.
Composite Scaffolds Based on Silver Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications (2015)

This paper presents the synthesis, characterisation, and in vitro testing of homogenous and heterogeneous materials containing silver nanoparticles (nanoAg). Three types of antiseptic materials based on collagen (COLL), hydroxyapatite (HA), and collagen/hydroxyapatite (COLL/HA) composite materials were obtained. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles was realized by chemical reaction as well as plasma sputtering deposition. The use of chemical reduction allows the synthesis of homogenous materials while the plasma sputtering deposition can be easily used for the synthesis of homogeneous and heterogeneous support. Based on the in vitro assays clear antiseptic activity against Escherichia coli was relieved even at low content of nanoAg (10 ppm).
Regulation of mannose 6‐phosphate/insulin‐like growth factor II receptor distribution by activators and inhibitors of protein kinase C (1990)

The tumor-promotor phorbol dibutyrate (PDBt) increases the binding of a neoglycoprotein containing mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) and of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) to the Man6P/IGF-II receptor at the cell surface. This effect is dependent on time and concentration and is also seen with synthetic 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol, but not with 4 alpha-phorbol, an inactive tumor-promoter. The increase is due to a 3-4-fold increase in the number of cell-surface, receptors, accompanied by a 1.6-fold increase in ligand-binding affinity. The internalization rate of the Man6P/IGF-II receptor is not affected by PDBt, suggesting that the redistribution of these receptors to the cell surface is due to an accelerated externalization rate. The redistribution of Man6P/IGF-II receptors did not impair the sorting of newly synthesized Man6P-containing ligands while uptake of these ligands is 2-4-fold increased. Inactivation or down regulation of protein kinase C decreased the binding of the Man6P-containing neoglycoprotein to 65% of controls. Incubation of cells with Man6P, IGF-I, IGF-II or epidermal growth factor induces a rapid redistribution of Man6P/IGF-II receptors to the plasma membrane [Braulke, T., Tippmer, S., Neher, E. & von Figura, K. (1989) EMBO J. 8, 681-686]. Incubation with PDBt prevented the effect of growth factors but not that of Man6P on receptor redistribution. Inactivation of protein kinase C did not affect the Man6P/IGF-II receptor redistribution induced by Man6P and growth factors. These data suggest that Man6P, growth factors and activation of protein kinase C by phorbol esters and diacylglycerols modulate Man6P/IGF-II receptor cell-surface binding by at least two independent mechanisms, receptor redistribution as well as an increase of binding affinity, which might be involved in regulation of endocytosis of ligands.
Changes in organ growth pattern associated with long-term selection for high growth rate in quail. (1991)

Data are presented on the pattern of organ growth in embryos from a line of Japanese quail selected for high growth rate and compared with those from a non-selected control line. The data reveal that the increased growth rate post hatching is accompanied by a more rapid early development of the digestive organs. It appears from these results that the "genes for" growth rate are the "genes for" early growth of the digestive organs.
Persistent productive infection of human glial cells by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and by infectious molecular clones of HIV (1987)

The nature of the interaction between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human cells of astrocytic origin was studied in vitro with cultured glial cells and intact HIV or infectious molecular clones of the virus. Infection of glial cells with intact HIV was characterized by low-level expression of viral transcripts as detected by Northern blotting and in situ hybridization (less than 10 copies of HIV RNA per cell), transient virus replication, absence of viral antigens detectable by immunofluorescence, and complete lack of cytopathic effects. However, the HIV-infected glial cells persistently expressed HIV tatIII gene activity as detected by a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assay, and HIV transcripts could be detected by in situ hybridization in 20 to 30% of cells up to 4 months after infection, suggesting that the lack of cytopathicity in HIV-exposed cells was not due to transient viral infection. To evaluate whether increased expression and replication of HIV in glial cells would have any effect on cell growth and viability, we established HIV-positive glial cell lines by cotransfection of cells with infectious molecular clones of HIV DNA and a selectable marker gene. Three clones were isolated which produced high levels of viral particles, were strongly positive for HIV antigens by immunofluorescence, and contained greater than 1,000 copies of HIV RNA per cell. These cell lines showed no cytopathic changes (lysis, fusion), and their growth kinetics were similar to HIV- controls, but significant morphological changes were detected (cytoplasmic swelling; increased numbers of rounded, presumably detaching cells). Our results show that astrocytic cells can support a persistent, replicative HIV infection with limited pathogenic effects.
Midline Abdominal Wall Closure: A New Prophylactic Mesh Concept (2006)

The use of a nonabsorbable biomaterial for midline laparotomy closure significantly improves its biomechanical resistance. Used in high-risk patients or even prophylactically, this technique could reduce the incidence of incisional hernia.
Theory of Oscillating Absorber in a Chain Reactor (1948)

The response of a critical chain-reacting pile to a thermal neutron absorber which is oscillated back and forth inside the pile is calculated. It is shown that at frequencies which are low compared to the periods of delayed neutrons, the neutron intensity in the pile rises and falls as a whole, the shape of the stationary distribution always being maintained. As the frequency of the oscillation increases, the nature of the neutron response changes from the over-all fluctuation characteristic at low frequency to a propagated and attenuated neutron wave which emanates from the neighborhood of the oscillator. These neutron waves set up at high frequencies are entirely analogous to the familiar thermal waves which are established in Angstrom's method of measuring thermal conductivities. It is pointed out that since the pile equations are linear, the amplitude of the oscillating response is proportional to the total neutron absorption of the oscillated absorber, and therefore a known and an unknown absorber can be compared by observing the magnitude of the neutron oscillations caused by each.
In vitro quantitative chemical analysis of tattoo pigments. (2001)

The composition of elements in tattoo inks varies greatly, even among like-colored pigments. Knowledge of the chemical composition of popular tattoo inks might aid the clinician in effective laser removal.
Optimal Design of Synthesis Gas Production Process with Recycled Carbon Dioxide Utilization (2007)

Many countries are trying to reduce their primary energy demand and greenhouse gas (such as carbon dioxide (CO2)) emissions. There has been much research on CO2 utilization to reduce CO2 emission and increase economic efficiency in industries. In this paper, an integrated optimization strategy of an industrial synthesis gas production plant with additional CO2 recycling processes using carbon dioxide as a reactant is presented. The CO2 recycling process allows three different kinds of alternative synthesis gas reaction processes in parallel: steam reforming, dry methane reforming, and reverse water−gas shift reaction. The strategy is based on the integrated superstructure optimization that assists the formulation of the optimal process design problem such that mixed integer programming can be derived. The mathematical programming problem which has flexibility in selecting different synthesis gas reaction processes is used to find the optimal configuration of the process. The industrial synthesis gas plant case studies have been applied to present the optimization strategy. With the optimum configuration, the annualized profit increased by 14% and CO2 emission decreased by 31% from the base case to the optimal structure. Three other extensions to the optimal design were evaluated for the case studies.
Solution conformation of wild-type <i>E. coli</i> Hsp70 (DnaK) chaperone complexed with ADP and substrate (2009)

DnaK is the canonical Hsp70 molecular chaperone protein from Escherichia coli. Like other Hsp70s, DnaK comprises two main domains: a 44-kDa N-terminal nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) that contains ATPase activity, and a 25-kDa substrate-binding domain (SBD) that harbors the substrate-binding site. Here, we report an experimental structure for wild-type, full-length DnaK, complexed with the peptide NRLLLTG and with ADP. It was obtained in aqueous solution by using NMR residual dipolar coupling and spin labeling methods and is based on available crystal structures for the isolated NBD and SBD. By using dynamics methods, we determine that the NBD and SBD are loosely linked and can move in cones of +/-35 degrees with respect to each other. The linker region between the domains is a dynamic random coil. Nevertheless, an average structure can be defined. This structure places the SBD in close proximity of subdomain IA of the NBD and suggests that the SBD collides with the NBD at this area to establish allosteric communication.
Image recoloring using geodesic distance based color harmonization (2015)

In this paper, we present a computationally simple yet effective image recoloring method based on color harmonization. Our method permits the user to obtain recolored results interactively by rotating a harmonious template after completing color harmonization. Two main improvements are made in this paper. Firstly, we give a new strategy for finding the most harmonious scheme, in terms of finding the template which best matches the hue distribution of the input image. Secondly, in order to achieve spatially coherent harmonization, geodesic distances are used to move hues lying outside the harmonious sectors to inside them. Experiments show that our approach can produce higher-quality visually pleasing recolored images than existing methods. Moreover, our method is simple and easy to implement, and has good runtime performance.
Design and Characterization of Dielectric-Loaded Plasmonic Directional Couplers (2009)

Ultracompact directional couplers (DCs) based on dielectric-loaded surface plasmon-polariton waveguides (DLSPPWs) are analyzed using the effective index method (EIM), with the coupling, both in the parallel interaction region and in- and out-coupling regions, being taken into account. Near-field characterization of fabricated DCs performed with a scanning near-field optical microscope verifies the applicability of the EIM in the analysis and design of DLSPPW-based wavelength-selective DCs. The design approach applicable to a large variety of integrated optical waveguides is developed, enabling the realization of DCs in which optical signals at two different wavelengths are coupled into two separate output channels. The developed approach ensures minimization of the crosstalk and overall DC length via simultaneous adjustment of the waveguide separation and length of the interaction region. As an example, the design of a DLSPPW-based DC for complete separation of telecommunication signals at the wavelengths lambda = 1400 nm and lambda = 1600 nm between two output channels separated by 6 mum is worked out, resulting in the total device length of 52.3 mum. In addition, the design of an ultracompact DLSPPW-based DC waveguide crossing that ensures a very low crosstalk over a large wavelength band in the telecommunication range is considered.
Face distance estimation from a monocular camera (2013)

A new era of mobile devices (phones and tablets) has emerged with some of them possessing a front camera facing the person or user and stereo cameras in the rear side. This paper emphasise on a novel method to use such devices with monocular camera to determine the depth between the user and the front camera using a back propagation neural network (BPNN). This depth is successively used to calculate the zooming factor for a legible view, to read a document on the display of the mobile device. In the absence of camera parameters and also considering the fact that the camera and user's face are in constant motion; measuring the distance of the face from the camera becomes a hard problem. We propose the use of frontal facial features acquired from the monocular camera to find the depth information with the use of supervised learning algorithm. Training the BPNN for the facial features for a standard face is one time factory programmed during camera manufacturing. One time new user's face registration for the gadget using rear cameras followed by the simulation of depth from the front camera using the trained BPNN is proposed in this work. The results of distance estimation are likened with stereo camera setup and the approach is validated.
Word Sense Disambiguation: A comprehensive knowledge exploitation framework (2019)

Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) has been a basic and on-going issue since its introduction in natural language processing (NLP) community. Its application lies in many different areas including sentiment analysis, Information Retrieval (IR), machine translation and knowledge graph construction. Solutions to WSD are mostly categorized into supervised and knowledge-based approaches. In this paper, a knowledge-based method is proposed, modeling the problem with semantic space and semantic path hidden behind a given sentence. The approach relies on the well-known Knowledge Base (KB) named WordNet and models the semantic space and semantic path by Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) and PageRank respectively. Experiments has proven the method’s effectiveness, achieving state-of-the-art performance in several WSD datasets.
Conjugal Transfer of Plasmid-Encoded Determinants for Bacteriocin Production and Immunity in <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> 88 (1987)

Lactobacillus acidophilus 88 produced a bacteriocin, designated lactacin F, that demonstrated inhibitory activity toward L. acidophilus 6032, L. lactis 970, L. helveticus 87, L. bulgaricus 1489, L. leichmanii 4797, L. fermentum 1750, and Streptococcus faecalis 19433. Production of lactacin F was pH dependent and could be maximized in MRS broth cultures maintained at pH 7.0. Lactacin F was heat stable and sensitive to ficin, proteinase K, trypsin, and Bacillus subtilis protease. L. acidophilus 88 harbored plasmids of 4 and 27 megadaltons. Variants of L. acidophilus 88 which were deficient in lactacin F production (Laf) and lactacin F immunity (Laf) retained the two resident plasmids. A Laf Laf derivative, L. acidophilus 89, was used as a recipient in agar surface mating experiments with L. acidophilus 88 (Laf Laf). Two types of Laf Laf transconjugants were recovered. One type (T-E) had acquired two plasmids of 68 (pPM68) and 52 (pPM52) megadaltons that were not detected in either the conjugal donor or the other type of Laf Laf transconjugants (T-89). Laf and Laf were unstable in the plasmid-bearing transconjugant. Plasmid analysis of Laf Laf variants revealed that pPM52 and pPM68 were cured with loss of Laf and Laf. Bacteriocin production and immunity phenotypes were genetically stable in Laf Laf transconjugants not harboring pPM52 and pPM68, suggesting chromosomal integration of the transferred determinants. The data demonstrated intragenic conjugation in L. acidophilus and provided direct evidence for involvement of transient plasmid determinants in Laf and Laf.