gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
N-Substituted-amides<sup>1</sup> (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTN-Substituted-amides1Arthur H. Schlesinger and Erhard J. PrillCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 23, 6123–6127Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01604a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01604a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views313Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Time course of enhanced activity of deoxycytidine kinase and thymidine kinase 1 and 2 in cultured human squamous lung carcinoma cells, SW-1573, induced by γ-irradiation (2006)

Single high dose rate irradiation of 4 Gy in SW-1573 cells, derived from non-small cell lung cancer, led to increased activities of deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) and thymidine kinase 1 and 2 (TK1 and 2). The activity of dCK increased by approximately 30% between 1 and 5 h after irradiation, after which the activity returned to the level of control cells by 8 h after irradiation. TK1 activity also increased by 30-50% between 1 and 6 h after irradiation. The decline to normal levels of dCK concurred with a further increase in the activity of TK1, 8 h after irradiation. TK2 activity was below control levels during the first 4 h after irradiation but rose 3-fold at 8 and 16 h after treatment. The activities of TK1 and TK2 had returned to approximate control levels 24 h after irradiation. The observation that mitochondrial TK2 activity increased to a very high level after irradiation may indicate that the activity of this enzyme is not only important for the damage to mitochondrial DNA, the increased activity may also be instrumental for repair of damage to nuclear DNA. We presume that the increase in activity of TK1 after irradiation is limited to cells in S-phase. Recruitment of cells into S-phase, to replace cells killed by irradiation, is probably too slow to offer an explanation for the enhanced activity of TK1 8 h after irradiation. The increase in activity of both dCK, and TK1 and 2 might be involved in an adaptive response of the cells to radiation by facilitation of DNA repair. The expression of protein kinase C (PKC) decreased during the first 5 h after irradiation. At 5 h after irradiation the level of expression had decreased by >50%. The decrease in PKC expression is concurrent with the increase in dCK activity. This suggests a role of PKC in the signal transduction from DNA damage to the increase in activity of enzymes instrumental in DNA repair.
Zinc Imidazolate Metal–Organic Frameworks (ZIF‐8) for Electrochemical Reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to CO (2017)

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are regarded as promising materials for CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption, which is an important step in CO<sub>2</sub> electrochemical reduction. In this work, zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) nanomaterials were synthesized with various zinc sources and used as electrocatalysts for CO<sub>2</sub> reduction to CO. Among them, ZIF-8, prepared using ZnSO<sub>4</sub> , delivers the best catalytic activity towards CO<sub>2</sub> electroreduction, with 65 % CO yield. The main catalytic center can be attributed to the discrete Zn nodes in ZIF-8. Electrolytes are important in increasing the CO selectivity, and NaCl is the best suitable electrolyte due to facile anion exchange.
TCP over ATM (1997)

This paper reports on a simulation study of the relative performances of the ATM ABR and UBR service categories in transporting TCP/IP flows through an ATM Network. The objective is two-fold: (i) to understand the interaction between the window - based end-to-end flowcontrol TCP and the rate based flowcontrol ABR which is restricted to the ATM part of the network, and (ii) to decide whether the greater complexity of ABR (than UBR) pays off in better performance of ABR (than UBR).The most important conclusion is that there does not seem to be strong evidence that for TCP/IP workloads the greater complexity of ABR pays off in better performance.
High-resolution electric speckle pattern interferometry by using only two speckle patterns (2011)

Electronic speckle pattern interferometry is a useful deformation measurement method. In this paper, new method that can measure the deformation by limited information without using much higher speed cameras is proposed. The optical system that can record some spatial information into each speckle of speckle pattern is set up by using basic characteristics of speckle that has never been used before. In experimental results, it is confirmed that the out-of-plane deformation measurement by using only two speckle patterns before and after the deformation can be precisely performed by this method and that the resolution-power of new method is almost equivalent to that of ordinary method.
First Total Synthesis of <i>e</i><i>nt</i>-Gelsedine via a Novel Iodide-Promoted Allene <i>N</i>-Acyliminium Ion Cyclization (2000)

The first total synthesis of the oxindole alkaloid gelsedine (1) starting from (S)-malic acid is described. The key step is a novel iodide-promoted intramolecular reaction of an allene with an N-acyliminium ion intermediate which provided in a single step the bicyclic vinyl iodide 11. Other important steps are the highly stereoselective Pd-catalyzed Heck cyclization of N-methylanilide 23a which led to the desired spiro-oxindole 24a, the fully regioselective intramolecular oxymercuration of 25a to the desired cyclic ether, and the remarkable oxindole N-demethylation of 29 via a radical mechanism by using dibenzoyl peroxide. The total synthesis was concluded by the stereoselective introduction of the ethyl group from the bis-Boc compound 41 followed by methoxylation of the oxindole nitrogen. This total synthesis leads to the unnatural (+)-enantiomer of gelsedine in 21 steps and 0.10% overall yield.
Ultra fast electron beam X-ray tomography and its application to multiphase flow measurement (2008)

An ultra fast electron beam CT scanner is introduced which has been developed for flow measurement applications. Its basic design comprises an electron gun with beam optics and fast electromagnetic deflection system and an ultra fast X-ray detector based on room-temperature semiconductor converters. As in other tomographic imaging modalities radiographic projections are generated by a moving X-ray source, in this case the focal spot of the focused electron beam on a circular tungsten target, which circulates across the target by virtue of the electromagnetic beam deflection. The electron beam parameters are 150 kV acceleration voltage, 10 kW beam power, 1 mm focal spot size and 7 kHz maximum beam sweeping frequency. Spatial resolution is about 1 mm. Maximum object size is 120 mm and maximum imaging rate is 7000 cross-sectional images per second. The scanner has been employed for multiphase flow measurement studies and may also be used for small animal scanning.
Monolithically Integrated Two-Axis Microtensile Tester for the Mechanical Characterization of Microscopic Samples (2010)

This paper describes the first monolithically integrated two-axis microtensile tester and its application to the automated stiffness measurement of single epidermal plant cells. The tensile tester consists of a two-axis electrostatic actuator with integrated capacitive position sensors and a two-axis capacitive microforce sensor. It is fabricated using a bulk silicon microfabrication process. The actuation range is +/-16 m along both axes with a position resolution of 20 nm. The force sensor is capable of measuring forces up to +/-60 N with a resolution down to 60 nN. The position-feedback sensors as well as the force sensor are calibrated by direct comparison with reference standards. A complete uncertainty analysis through the entire calibration chain based on the Monte Carlo method is presented. The functionality of the tensile tester is demonstrated by the automated stiffness measurement of the elongated cells in plant hairs (trichomes) as a function of their size. This enables a quantitative understanding and a model-based simulation of plant growth based on actual measurement data.
Optical fiber link for transmission of 1-nJ femtosecond laser pulses at 1550 nm (2010)

We report on numerical and experimental characterization of the performance of a fiber link optimized for the delivery of sub-100-fs laser pulses at 1550 nm over several meters of fiber. We investigate the power handling capacity of the link, and demonstrate all-fiber delivery of 1-nJ pulses over a distance of 5.3 m. The fiber link consists of dispersion-compensating fiber (DCF) and standard single-mode fiber. The optical pulses at different positions in the fiber link are measured using frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG). The results are compared with numerical simulations of the pulse propagation based on the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The high input power capacity of the fiber link allows the splitting and distribution of femtosecond pulses to an array of fibers with applications in multi-channel fiber-coupled terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and imaging systems. We demonstrate THz pulse generation and detection using a distributed fiber link with 32 channels and 2.6 nJ input pulse energy.
Effects of substrate structure on the kinetics of circle opening reactions of the self-splicing intervening sequence from<i>Tetrahymena thermophila</i>: evidence for substrate and Mg<sup>2+</sup>binding lnteractions (1989)

The self-splicing intervening sequence from the precursor rRNA of Tetrahymena thermophila cyclizes to form a covalently closed circle. This circle can be reopened by reaction with oligonucleotides or water. The kinetics of circle opening as a function of substrate and Mg2+ concentrations have been measured for dCrU, rCdU, dCdT, and H2O addition. Comparisons with previous results for rCrU suggest: (1) the 2' OH of the 5' sugar of a dinucleoside phosphate is involved in substrate binding, and (2) the 2' OH of the 3' sugar of a dimer substrate is involved in Mg2+ binding. Evidently, the binding site for a required Mg2+ ion is dependent on both the ribozyme and the dimer substrate. The apparent activation energy and entropy for circle opening by hydrolysis are 31 kcal/mol and 50 eu, respectively. The large, positive activation entropy suggests a partial unfolding of the ribozyme is required for reaction.
Redirection of CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes via a novel antibody‐based modular targeting system triggers efficient killing of PSCA<sup>+</sup> prostate tumor cells (2014)

We have developed a novel PSCA-specific modular system which triggers an efficient T cell-mediated killing of PSCA+ tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. The new Ab-based targeting strategy can functionally replace conventional bsAbs and allows a flexible redirection of T cells to different tumor-associated antigens.
Direct detection of HIV-1 RNA in epidermal Langerhans cells of HIV-infected patients. (1993)

Human Langerhans cells (LC) are bone marrow-derived, HLA-DR+, CD1a+, and CD4+ dendritic antigen-presenting cells found in stratified squamous epithelia. As other members of the dendritic leukocyte family, to which they belong, LC have been reported as targets for HIV-1 infection. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether HIV-1 RNA is expressed in epidermal LC of HIV-1-infected patients. Bulk epidermal cell (EC) suspensions were prepared from skin of nine recently deceased AIDS patients and 11 seronegative controls. Purified LC (94 +/- 4% HLA-DR+ cells with no CD3+ cells, as assessed by flow microfluorimetry analysis) and LC-depleted EC were obtained by immunomagnetic separation using an anti-CD1a monoclonal antibody. Samples were analyzed for the presence of HIV-1 RNA by reverse transcription of a spliced mRNA region of the tat gene, followed by polymerase chain reaction amplification. HIV-1-spliced RNA was detected in LC from 6 of 9 patients examined, whereas LC-depleted EC fractions from the same patients were all negative. The results indicate that epidermal LC from HIV-seropositive patients actively transcribe HIV-1 proviral DNA, further supporting the hypothesis that HIV productively infected LC could serve as a reservoir of the virus in the epidermis and as a source for the infection of T lymphocytes.
1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol (EC-18) Modulates Th2 Immunity through Attenuation of IL-4 Expression (2015)

Controlling balance between T-helper type 1 (Th1) and T-helper type 2 (Th2) plays a pivotal role in maintaining the biological rhythm of Th1/Th2 and circumventing diseases caused by Th1/Th2 imbalance. Interleukin 4 (IL-4) is a Th2-type cytokine and often associated with hypersensitivity-related diseases such as atopic dermatitis and allergies when overexpressed. In this study, we have tried to elucidate the function of 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol (EC-18) as an essential modulator of Th1/Th2 balance. EC-18 has showed an inhibitory effect on the production of IL-4 in a dose-dependent manner. RT-PCR analysis has proved EC-18 affect the transcription of IL-4. By analyzing the phosphorylation status of Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6), which is a transcriptional activator of IL-4 expression, we discovered that EC-18 induced the decrease of STAT6 activity in several stimulated cell lines, which was also showed in STAT6 reporter analysis. Co-treatment of EC-18 significantly weakened atopy-like phenotypes in mice treated with an allergen. Collectively, our results suggest that EC-18 is a potent Th2 modulating factor by regulating the transcription of IL-4 via STAT6 modulation, and could be developed for immune-modulatory therapeutics.
Empirical Testing on User Behavior and Consumption Expenditure on Downtown Commercial Supremacy; Focused on Asan City (2016)

This study was conducted as it is determined that the activation of commercial supremacy is important to restore the degenerating downtown of Asan; and that the analysis of user behavior and consumption expenditure is important for the activation of commercial supremacy. The results are as follows: First of all, 47.7% of Asan citizens tend to go to Asan s downtown for daily shopping and cultural activities while 40.1% of them go to Cheonan-si, which is an adjacent city center. Secondly, the main consumers of downtown Asan with high consumption expenditure are young men in their 30s and 40s whose occupations are government officials or professionals. In contrast, young women under 20s exhibit a relatively lower frequency and expenditure in downtown Asan. The analytical results show the following points. First, the fundamental consideration of the role of downtown Asan and its desirable urban city structure as the downtown s commercial supremacy is now shifting to its neighboring city - Cheonan-si. Second, considering that the main consumers of urban downtowns are young women, downtown Asan does not seem to attract the typical target audience that it is supposed to. Thus, setting the target audience of Asan s downtown commercial supremacy is very significant.
Spray drying for processing of nanomaterials (2009)

Consolidation of nano-particles into micron-sized granules reduces the potential risks associated with handling nano-powders in dry form. Spray drying is a one step granulation technique which can be designed for safe production of free flowing low dusty granules from suspensions of nano-particles. Spray dried granules are well suited for subsequent processing into final products where the superior properties given by the nano-particles are retained. A spray drier with bag filters inside the drying chamber and recycling of drying gas combined with containment valves are proposed as a safe process for granulation of potential hazardous nano-particles.
Fast hierarchical floorplanning with congestion and timing control (2002)

We propose fresher looks into already existing hierarchical partitioning based floorplan design methods and their relevance in providing faster alternatives to conventional approaches. We modify the existing partitioning based floor-planner to handle congestion and timing. We also explore the applicability of traditional sizing theorem for combining two modules based on their sizes and interconnecting wirelength. The results show that our floorplanning approach can produce floorplans hundred times faster and at the same time achieving better quality (on average 20% better wirelength, better congestion and better timing optimization) than that of pure simulated annealing based floorplanner.
Approach to multifunction radar scheduling simulation (2002)

Presents a methodology for the design and evaluation of scheduling algorithms for a multifunction radar. First we propose a multifunction radar model as basic tool for algorithm evaluation. We establish the main subsystems and perform a thorough analysis. Finally, we present a new dynamic scheduler algorithm based on pulse packing techniques and a collection of performance figures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The effect of doping type and concentration on optical absorption via implantation induced defects in silicon-on-insulator waveguides (2008)

The influence of the charge state of ion implantation induced defects in SOI waveguides on the absorption of sub-bandgap wavelengths is described. It is found that waveguides pre-doped with boron absorb with significantly greater efficiency than those pre-doped with phosphorus. Following annealing at 300degC this difference is approximately 8 dBcm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> , while the intrinsic loss of the waveguides is limited to 2 dBcm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> . These results have significant ramifications for a number of integrated optical devices fabricated in silicon.
The NPR1-dependent salicylic acid signalling pathway is pivotal for enhanced salt and oxidative stress tolerance in Arabidopsis (2015)

The role of endogenous salicylic acid (SA) signalling cascades in plant responses to salt and oxidative stresses is unclear. Arabidopsis SA signalling mutants, namely npr1-5 (non-expresser of pathogenesis related gene1), which lacks NPR1-dependent SA signalling, and nudt7 (nudix hydrolase7), which has both constitutively expressed NPR1-dependent and NPR1-independent SA signalling pathways, were compared with the wild type (Col-0) during salt or oxidative stresses. Growth and viability staining showed that, compared with wild type, the npr1-5 mutant was sensitive to either salt or oxidative stress, whereas the nudt7 mutant was tolerant. Acute salt stress caused the strongest membrane potential depolarization, highest sodium and proton influx, and potassium loss from npr1-5 roots in comparison with the wild type and nudt7 mutant. Though salt stress-induced hydrogen peroxide production was lowest in the npr1-5 mutant, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress (induced by 1mM of hydroxyl-radical-generating copper-ascorbate mix, or either 1 or 10mM hydrogen peroxide) caused a higher potassium loss from the roots of the npr1-5 mutant than the wild type and nudt7 mutant. Long-term salt exposure resulted in the highest sodium and the lowest potassium concentration in the shoots of npr1-5 mutant in comparison with the wild type and nudt7 mutant. The above results demonstrate that NPR1-dependent SA signalling is pivotal to (i) controlling Na(+) entry into the root tissue and its subsequent long-distance transport into the shoot, and (ii) preventing a potassium loss through depolarization-activated outward-rectifying potassium and ROS-activated non-selective cation channels. In conclusion, NPR1-dependent SA signalling is central to the salt and oxidative stress tolerance in Arabidopsis.
Second Harmonic Generation Imaging Microscopy: Applications to Diseases Diagnostics (2011)

Second Harmonic Generation microscopy has emerged as a powerful new optical imaging modality. This Feature describes its chemical and physical principles and highlights current applications in disease diagnostics.
Altromycins E, F, G, H and I; additional novel components of the altromycin complex. (1994)

The altromycins are a novel complex of anthraquinone-derived Gram-positive antibiotics with potent antitumor activity. These compounds are produced by an actinomycete, AB 1246E-26 (NRRL 18371), obtained from a South African bushveld soil.1* Altromycins A, B, C, and D, compoundsstructurally related to the pluramycingroup of antibiotics, have been previously reported
A Deep Convolutional Neural Network with Selection Units for Super-Resolution (2017)

Rectified linear units (ReLU) are known to be effective in many deep learning methods. Inspired by linear-mapping technique used in other super-resolution (SR) methods, we reinterpret ReLU into point-wise multiplication of an identity mapping and a switch, and finally present a novel nonlinear unit, called a selection unit (SU). While conventional ReLU has no direct control through which data is passed, the proposed SU optimizes this on-off switching control, and is therefore capable of better handling nonlinearity functionality than ReLU in a more flexible way. Our proposed deep network with SUs, called SelNet, was top-5 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> ranked in NTIRE2017 Challenge, which has a much lower computation complexity compared to the top-4 entries. Further experiment results show that our proposed SelNet outperforms our baseline only with ReLU (without SUs), and other state-of-the-art deep-learning-based SR methods.