gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
fMRI-Guided Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Reveals That the Superior Temporal Sulcus Is a Cortical Locus of the McGurk Effect (2010)

A compelling example of auditory-visual multisensory integration is the McGurk effect, in which an auditory syllable is perceived very differently depending on whether it is accompanied by a visual movie of a speaker pronouncing the same syllable or a different, incongruent syllable. Anatomical and physiological studies in human and nonhuman primates have suggested that the superior temporal sulcus (STS) is involved in auditory-visual integration for both speech and nonspeech stimuli. We hypothesized that the STS plays a critical role in the creation of the McGurk percept. Because the location of multisensory integration in the STS varies from subject to subject, the location of auditory-visual speech processing in the STS was first identified in each subject with fMRI. Then, activity in this region of the STS was disrupted with single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as subjects rated their percept of McGurk and non-McGurk stimuli. Across three experiments, TMS of the STS significantly reduced the likelihood of the McGurk percept but did not interfere with perception of non-McGurk stimuli. TMS of the STS was effective at disrupting the McGurk effect only in a narrow temporal window from 100 ms before auditory syllable onset to 100 ms after onset, and TMS of a control location did not influence perception of McGurk or control stimuli. These results demonstrate that the STS plays a critical role in the McGurk effect and auditory-visual integration of speech.
An Improved Coprecipitation Method for Preparation of Superconducting Bi,Pb–Sr–Ca–Cu–O Material (1990)

Abstract Superconducting Bi,Pb–Sr–Ca–Cu–O material has been prepared by an improved coprecipitation method; mixed metal oxalates as the precursor were precipitated from a homogeneous acetic acid solution of the constituent metal acetates and dimethyl oxalate. This method permits easier fabrication of the superconducting material which is almost free from low-Tc phase.
Experimental field trial of waveband switching and transmission in a transparent reconfigurable optical network (2003)

We demonstrate 4-channel, 25 GHz-spaced waveband transmission in a 200 GHz passband through a transparent reconfigurable optical network. We investigate the impact of polarization effects on the waveband and its interaction with MEMS and LiNbO/sub 3/ switch fabrics.
Attentive agents (2003)

In the anticipated symbiotic partnership, men will set the goals, formulate the hypotheses, determine the criteria, and perform the evaluations. Computing machines will do the routinizable work that must be done to prepare the way for insights and decisions in technical and scientific thinking. <br>J.C.R. Licklider, 1960
Isolation of cDNAs encoding human and gibbon GM-CSF. (1985)

We have used a mammalian cell expression cloning system to identify cDNA clones encoding human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor. The human clone was used as a hybridization probe to identify the corresponding sequence from a cDNA library prepared from a gibbon T-cell line. The human cDNA has been used to produce recombinant GM-CSF in monkey COS-1 cells. The purified protein from COS cells is very similar to the GM-CSF isolated from a continuous human T-cell line.
A phase 1–2 clinical study of a second generation oral MEK inhibitor, PD 0325901 in patients with advanced cancer (2005)

3011 Background: Oral PD 0325901 is a potent inhibitor of the dual-specificity kinases, MEK1/2 (MAPK/ERK/Kinase), thereby preventing phosphorylation and subsequent activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (pMAPK/pERK). Methods: The Phase 1 component of this Phase 1–2 study tested oral PD 0325901 administered QD or BID for 21 days repeated every 4 weeks in patients with breast, colon, nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or melanoma. Tumor tissue was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for pERK at baseline (BL) and Day 15 of Cycle 1. Pharmacokinetic (PK) samples were obtained on Days 1 and 21 in all patients and also on Day 1 of Cycle 2 in patients participating in a 2-way crossover food effect component. Due to elevated serum phosphorus with corresponding soft tissue mineralization observed in rats, serum Ca, P and (Ca x P) product were monitored closely. Results: From February through November 2004, 30 patients received 74 (range 1–8) cycles of PD 0325901 administered at 1mg QD, or at 1mg, 2mg, 4mg, 8mg, 15mg, 20mg or 30mg BID. In decreasing frequency, common toxicities included rash, fatigue, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Acneiform rash involving face, trunk and arms was dose limiting (DLT) in one patient at 30mg BID. Transient and reversible visual effects including blurred vision and halos occurred in 5 patients receiving ≥15mg BID. There was no notable effect on serum (C x P) product. Mean Cmax and AUC increased with dose and administration of PD 0325901 with food appeared to delay Tmax, decrease Cmax, and had a variable effect on AUC. Doses ≥ 2mg BID consistently suppressed tumor pERK by an average of 84% relative to BL and doses ≥15 mg BID yielded average steady state plasma concentrations >270ng/ml predicted necessary for near maximal pERK suppression in xenograft models. Responses included 1 PR (melanoma) and 5 SD (4 melanoma, 1 NSCLC). Conclusion: PD 0325901 is well tolerated, suppresses pERK in tumor tissue, and demonstrated objective response in melanoma. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Pfizer Pfizer
The complete genomic sequence of 424,015 bp at the centromeric end of the HLA class I region: Gene content and polymorphism (1998)

We report here the genomic sequence of the centromeric portion of HLA class I, extending 424,015 bp from tumor necrosis factor alpha to a newly identified gene approximately 20 kb telomeric of Otf-3. As a source of DNA, we used cosmids centromeric of HLA-B that had been mapped previously with conventional restriction digestion and fingerprinting and previously characterized yeast artificial chromosomes subcloned into cosmids and mapped with multiple complete digest methodologies. The data presented provide a description of the gene content of centromeric HLA class I including new data on intron, promoter and flanking sequences of previously described genes, and a description of putative new genes that remain to be characterized beyond the structural information uncovered. A complete accounting of the repeat structure including abundant di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide microsatellite loci yielded access to precisely localized mapping tools for the major histocompatibility complex. Comparative analysis of a highly polymorphic region between HLA-B and -C was carried out by sequencing over 40 kb of overlapping sequence from two haplotypes. The levels of variation observed were much higher than those seen in other regions of the genome and indeed were higher than those observed between allelic HLA class I loci.
Electron-Induced Chain Reactions of Heavy Petroleum Fluids—Dominant Process Variables (2012)

Abstract Ionizing electron particles were used as an efficient means of delivering energy to heavy hydrocarbon molecules. Although heavy oil reserves are known as rich sources of energy, their contribution to the energy market has been impacted by the fact that the conventional thermal or catalytic upgrading and visbreaking methods always demand a considerable energy and money investment. Therefore, application of potential alternatives with lower operating costs and higher process throughput appears to be extremely crucial in such a competitive market. In this research, high-energy electron processing technology was offered as a remedy to reduce the viscosity of heavy petroleum samples. Irradiated fluids exhibited lower viscosities than thermally cracked samples. Moreover, reaction temperature was observed to have a substantial influence on radiolysis process. At relatively low temperatures, radiation-induced upgrading stays inactive without any contribution to the viscosity reduction process. However, as the temperature exceeds a specific threshold, radiation-induced chain reactions become activated, decreasing the viscosity of irradiated samples. At the end, we have investigated the effect of different additives upon radiolysis of hydrocarbon molecules. Interestingly, radiolytic reactions were completely suppressed by some of these additives.
Smolder initiation of horizontally oriented flexible polyurethane foam under natural convection (2001)

An experimental study is conducted to investigate the smolder initiation behavior of horizontally oriented flexible Polyurethane foams under natural convection. This study mainly aims to explore the controlling factors affecting the smolder initiation time of polyurethane foams under natural convection. Different ignition powers are tested for the investigation of its influence on the smolder initiation time. It is found that the smolder initiation time decreases with the ignition power. In order to shed some insight on the effect of retardant additives on the smolder initiation, both fire retarded and non-fire retarded polyurethane foams are addressed for comparison. The experimental results suggest that the smolder initiation time of the fire retarded foams is longer than that of the non-fire retarded foams at a higher ignition power. At a lower ignition power, an inverse result is observed. Besides the ignition power and the retardant additives that show effects on the smolder initiation of the polyurethane foam, it is also found that the smolder initiation time increases with the foam length.
Antibody against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat protein may have influenced the progression of AIDS in HIV-1-infected hemophiliac patients (1996)

Retrospective analysis of serum samples from a group of hemophiliac patients who became infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) between 1984 and 1985 has shown that, at variance with other HIV-1-infected patients, at the onset, or at least at a very early phase of HIV-1 infection, they constantly have elevated levels of antibodies against HIV-1-transactivating Tat protein and an absent or barely detectable p24 antigenemia. Anti-Tat antibodies in initial serum samples from hemophiliac patients were probably the consequence of the passive administration of immunoglobulins present in low- or intermediate-purity clotting factor concentrates prepared from HIV-1-infected blood. Furthermore, the analysis of serial serum samples obtained during the course of the disease, in which passively acquired anti-Tat antibodies were substituted by actively produced antibodies, demonstrated an inverse relationship between anti-Tat antibody and p24 anti-genemia levels throughout the observation period. These data seem to suggest that anti-Tat antibody may have some influence on the course of HIV-1 infection.
[Investigation of hepatitis B virus infection in blood donors]. (1998)

To investigate the status of HBV-M and HBV DNA in blood donors, 583 serum samples were detected by ELISA technique and polymerase chain reaction. The results were that hepatitis B virus marker(HBV-M) positive rate was 55.9%(326/583), HBV DNA 9.78%(57/583). The data indicate that there is high incidence of HBV infection in blood donors. The donors should be strictly tested for HBV in the future.
Self Aligned Trap-Shallow Trench Isolation Scheme for the Reliability of TANOS (TaN/AlO/SiN/Oxide/Si) NAND Flash Memory (2007)

In the proposed new scheme, which is named self aligned trap-shallow trench isolation (SAT-STI), such process damage on high-k layer can be minimized, achieving the goal of isolating the storage nitride layer successfully.
Phononic-Crystal-Based Acoustic Sieve for Tunable Manipulations of Particles by a Highly Localized Radiation Force (2014)

The highly localized, periodic force induced by resonant transmission of acoustic waves via a phononic crystal is capable of trapping, aligning, sorting, and transferring large numbers of particles according to size or density, all in a tunable and scalable manner. This approach exploits a flexural mode unavailable to conventional optical techniques, using an engineered acoustic field to raise power transmission from the 10% predicted by classical theory to 60%. This advance has implications for cell sorting, additive materials fabrication, and targeted drug delivery.
Dose equations for tube current modulation in CT scanning and the interpretation of the associated CTDI<sub>vol</sub> (2013)

While the traditional CTDI(vol) at constant mA conveys useful information (the peak dose at the center of the scan length), CTDI(vol) of the second kind conveys no useful information about the associated TCM dose distribution it purportedly represents and its physical interpretation remains elusive. On the other hand, the total energy absorbed E ("integral dose") as well as its surrogate DLP remain robust between variable i(z) TCM and constant current i0 techniques, both depending only on the total mAs = {i}t0 = i0t0 during the beam-on time t0.
Nucleotide sequence of the yeast cell division cycle start genes<i>CDC28, CDC36, CDC37</i>, and<i>CDC39</i>, and a structural analysis of the predicted products (1986)

The nucleotide sequences of the yeast cell division cycle start genes CDC36, CDC37, and CDC39 are presented. An open reading frame corresponding in size and mapped position to the mRNA for each gene was revealed. These sequences, as well as that of the CDC28 gene, were analyzed for the presence of consensus sequences postulated to be transcriptional or translational signals, or to be involved in mRNA processing. In addition, the predicted protein products of the four genes were subjected to a number of structural and statistical analyses including codon usage bias analysis, secondary structure analysis and hydropathicity analysis.
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2: Involvement in Keratoconus (2000)

The zymographic gelatinase activities of apparent Mr 65,000 and 61,000 are conformers of corneal proMMP-2. Activated enzyme, of Mr 43,000, is more readily generated from protein preparations of the culture media of early phase keratoconic corneal keratocytes than from protein preparations of the culture media of normal corneal keratocytes.
Novel and Promiscuous CTL Epitopes in Conserved Regions of Gag Targeted by Individuals with Early Subtype C HIV Type 1 Infection from Southern Africa (2004)

Characterization of optimal CTL epitopes in Gag can provide crucial information for evaluation of candidate vaccines in populations at the epicenter of the HIV-1 epidemic. We screened 38 individuals with recent subtype C HIV-1 infection using overlapping consensus C Gag peptides and hypothesized that unique HLA-restricting alleles in the southern African population would determine novel epitope identity. Seventy-four percent of individuals recognized at least one Gag peptide pool. Ten epitopic regions were identified across p17, p24, and p2p7p1p6, and greater than two-thirds of targeted regions were directed at: TGTEELRSLYNTVATLY (p17, 35%); GPKEPFRDYVDRFFKTLRAEQATQDV (p24, 19%); and RGGKLDKWEKIRLRPGGKKHYMLKHL (p17, 15%). After alignment of these epitopic regions with consensus M and a consensus subtype C sequence from the cohort, it was evident that the regions targeted were highly conserved. Fine epitope mapping revealed that five of nine identified optimal Gag epitopes were novel: HLVWASREL, LVWASRELERF, LYNTVATLY, PFRDYVDRFF, and TLRAEQATQD, and were restricted by unique HLA-Cw*08, HLA-A*30/B*57, HLA-A*29/B*44, and HLA-Cw*03 alleles, respectively. Notably, three of the mapped epitopes were restricted by more than one HLA allele. Although these epitopes were novel and restricted by unique HLA, they overlapped or were embedded within previously described CTL epitopes from subtype B HIV-1 infection. These data emphasize the promiscuous nature of epitope binding and support our hypothesis that HLA diversity between populations can shape fine epitope identity, but may not represent a constraint for universal recognition of Gag in highly conserved domains.
Upper‐regime parallel lamination as the result of turbulent sediment transport and low‐amplitude bed forms (1989)

ABSTRACT A series of laboratory experiments has been carried out in which parallel‐laminated deposits were produced from an upper‐regime plane bed. The laminae had thicknesses of a few mm and could be traced continuously over distances up to the length and width of the depositional area (0–3 m by 1–5m). Fluctuations in bed elevation were measured both during deposition and at equilibrium; much of the bed fluctuation occurs at time scales that are too long to be due directly to turbulence, as most theories for lamina formation would require. We suggest instead that extremely low‐amplitude bed forms are present even on apparently flat beds and that the migration of these bed forms produces laterally continuous lamination. All the lamination produced in the laboratory experiments was normally graded. Using high‐speed photography it was observed that the normal grading results from rapid deposition of a layer of loosely packed coarse sand several grain‐diameters thick followed by the slow sieving‐out of a well packed surface layer of finer sand. The initial deposition is the result of small‐scale turbulent fluctuations in boundary shear stress. The sieving‐out that follows results in a smooth surface whose low friction coefficient temporarily inhibits further deposition; we term this process ‘glazing’. The alignment of small‐scale turbulent scour‐and‐fill structures along the paths traced by migrating bedform troughs produces laterally continuous parallel lamination.
Product Lifecycle Management Using Multi-agent Systems Models (2017)

The article describes application cases of intelligent systems technologies in modern product lifecycle management system. Basic terms and definitions of product lifecycle management (PLM) practices and intelligent systems enumerated. Intelligent solutions based on PLM and logistic support analysis (LSA) methods proposed. Multi-agent software system for PLM and LSA related tasks solving and automation presented.
Integrated time-of-flight laser radar (1997)

A small, hand-held pulsed time-of-flight (TOF) laser radar device has been designed and tested. The aim was to implement the receiver channel and time-to-digital converter (TDC) with application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC's) in order to reduce power consumption, cost, weight, and size. The measurement range of the device is from 1 m to 30 m to a noncooperative target, and an accuracy of 35 mm is achieved with a measuring time of 200 ms between temperatures of -10/spl deg/C and +30/spl deg/C. Power consumption during continuous measurement is 0.84 W.
Development of a Computer Wellbore Simulator for Coiled-Tubing Operations (1994)

This paper describes a computer wellbore simulator developed for coiled tubing operations of fill cleanout and unloading of oil and gas wells. The simulator models the transient, multiphase fluid flow and mass transport process that occur in these operations. Unique features of the simulator include a sand bed that may form during fill cleanout in deviated and horizontal wells, particle transport with multiphase compressible fluids, and the transient unloading process of oil and gas wells. The requirements for a computer wellbore simulator for coiled tubing operations are discussed and it is demonstrated that the developed simulator is suitable for modeling these operations.The simulator structure and the incorporation of sub-modules for gas/liquid two-phase flow, reservoir and choke models, and coiled tubing movement are addressed. Simulation examples are presented to show the sand bed formed in cleanout in a deviated well and the transient unloading results of oil and gas wells.The wellbore simulator developed in this work can assist a field engineer with the design of coiled tubing operations. By using the simulator to predict the pressure, flow rates, sand concentration and bed depth, the engineer will be able to select the coiled tubing, fluid and schedule of an optimum design for particular well and reservoir conditions.
A monolithic CMOS step-down DC-DC converter (2005)

A monolithic CMOS switch-mode step-down power converter, with on-chip PWM technique, has been designed and implemented. Also, a micropower bandgap reference generator is developed for the dc-dc converter. This power converter occupied a chip area of 880/spl times/1040 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ is fabricated in a 2P4M 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS process. The simulation results show that the converter is well regulated over an output range from 1.0 to 2.2 V, with a supply voltage 3.3 V. The maximum efficiency of the converter is 94 %, and its efficiency is kept above 85 % over an output power ranging from 100 to 900 mW.
THE USE OF THE STABLE FREE RADICAL DIPHENYLPICRYLHYDRAZYL (DPPH) FOR ESTIMATING ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY (2004)

Molyneux, P. The use of the stable free radical diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) for estimating antioxidant activity
Implementing Scalable Locks and Barriers on Large-Scale Light-Weight Multithreaded Systems (2022)

Improvements in fabrication technology, guided by Moore's law, has provided significant boost in clock rate and hence performance of microprocessors. Over the years, large amounts of chip area have been dedicated to components that try to extract more parallelism from single instruction streams. However, as we scale the process technology to smaller feature sizes, traditional techniques of exploiting Instruction Level Parallelism (ILP) especially using superscalar processors has yielded diminishing returns in terms of cost/performance. <p>This thesis focuses on computer architectures, which increase the opportunities for concurrency usually not possible in systems based on complex superscalar based cores. We are specifically interested in the LWP architecture that supports light-weight multithreading capability coupled on the same die as the memory by using the Processing-In-Memory (PIM) technology or the embedded DRAM technology. </p><p>The primary objective of this thesis is to explore scalable synchronization mechanisms for LWP architecture. We explore the design space for efficient low overhead implementations of mutex and barrier implementations that scale as the number of threads increases. We try to achieve this with a combination of hardware and software techniques depending on the target requirements. </p><p>Towards this goal, we attempt to answer some of the following questions in this thesis: '¢ How best to implement current synchronization mechanisms in the LWP architecture? '¢ What sort of additional hardware or software support should be added to the LWP architecture to enhance the implementation? '¢ How does the LWP implementations compare to that on current architectures/ISAs? '¢ Are there any new techniques that can be developed for LWP architecture? '¢ Are any of these LWP based ideas applicable in conventional systems?</p>