gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prostaglandin E2 receptor <scp>EP</scp>4 as the common target on cancer cells and macrophages to abolish angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, metastasis, and stem‐like cell functions (2014)

We previously established that COX-2 overexpression promotes breast cancer progression and metastasis. As long-term use of COX-2 inhibitors (COX-2i) can promote thrombo-embolic events, we tested an alternative target, prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype (EP4), downstream of COX-2. Here we used the highly metastatic syngeneic murine C3L5 breast cancer model to test the role of EP4-expressing macrophages in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C/D production, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis in situ, the role of EP4 in stem-like cell (SLC) functions of tumor cells, and therapeutic effects of an EP4 antagonist RQ-15986 (EP4A). C3L5 cells expressed all EP receptors, produced VEGF-C/D, and showed high clonogenic tumorsphere forming ability in vitro, functions inhibited with COX-2i or EP4A. Treating murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line with COX-2i celecoxib and EP4A significantly reduced VEGF-A/C/D production in vitro, measured with quantitative PCR and Western blots. Orthotopic implants of C3L5 cells in C3H/HeJ mice showed rapid tumor growth, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis (CD31/LYVE-1 and CD31/PROX1 immunostaining), and metastasis to lymph nodes and lungs. Tumors revealed high incidence of EP4-expressing, VEGF-C/D producing macrophages identified with dual immunostaining of F4/80 and EP4 or VEGF-C/D. Celecoxib or EP4A therapy at non-toxic doses abrogated tumor growth, lymphangiogenesis, and metastasis to lymph nodes and lungs. Residual tumors in treated mice revealed markedly reduced VEGF-A/C/D and phosphorylated Akt/ERK proteins, VEGF-C/D positive macrophage infiltration, and proliferative/apoptotic cell ratios. Knocking down COX-2 or EP4 in C3L5 cells or treating cells in vitro with celecoxib or EP4A and treating tumor-bearing mice in vivo with the same drug reduced SLC properties of tumor cells including preferential co-expression of COX-2 and SLC markers ALDH1A, CD44, OCT-3/4, β-catenin, and SOX-2. Thus, EP4 is an excellent therapeutic target to block stem-like properties, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis induced by VEGF-A/C/D secreted by cancer cells and tumor infiltrating macrophages.
Overproduction and Purification of the Tn3 Transposase (1987)

The Tn3 transposase accumulated to about 4% of total cell protein in a minicell-producing Escherichia coli strain harboring a transposase overproducer plasmid. This accumulation of the transposase seems to be due to four factors: derepression of transcription resulting from inactivation of the repressor gene (tnpR); efficient translation caused by a mutation within the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence, the dosage effect of the increased plasmid copy number resulting from deletion of the rom gene of the plasmid; and use of a minicell-producing strain as the host. The Tn3 transposase was purified by a procedure involving five steps; sonication, precipitation of protein by adding polyethyleneimine to the sonic supernatant, followed by extraction of transposase fraction with a buffer containing ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration through Sephacryl S-300, and phosphocellulose and DNA-cellulose chromatography. Milligram quantities of pure transposase can be obtained from one gram of wet cells. A small fraction of the accumulated transposase had a blocked amino-terminus and was eluted separately from the normal protein in the chromatography.
User-driven automatic test-case generation for DTV/STB reliable functional verification (2012)

In recent years Digital TV receivers (DTV) and Set- Top Boxes (STB) have been advancing in terms of new functionalities they offer to the end-users. This has mainly been triggered by the appearance of new multimedia formats and applications needed to be adequately handled by the DTV/STB. In such complex system within the environment consisting of wide range of non-interactive as well as interactive applications and services for television, internet, gamming, healthcare, surveillance, etc., efficient and reliable DTV functional verification becomes highly necessary and challenging task. Since efficient DTV testing is considered as one of the most important issues for the reduced time-to-market, its optimization is of crucial importance to the DTV manufacturing process. Having in mind the end-users as the main target of the DTV, optimal test generation process must also include estimated usage-profiles in addition to the pre-defined DTV designed specification. This is especially important considering new emerging multimedia technologies for DTV which are not yet fully standardized and evaluated, and which exact employment (from the point of end-users) is not known in advance. In this paper we propose a novel approach for user driven test-case generation that would enable adequate and efficient testing of the DTV/STB in different development stages before reaching the market, i.e., the end-users. The proposed user driven approach provides optimal test-case generation in terms of both test execution time and adequacy according to the real end-user DTV functional DTV operation and quality of experience (QoE). This is obtained by incorporating a novel design and selection scheme for test-cases generation based on the modeled end-users most required functional operations on the DTV/STB under test and its expectations of it.
Hypothermia for neuroprotection in adults after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (2012)

Conventional cooling methods to induce mild therapeutic hypothermia seem to improve survival and neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest. Our review supports the current best medical practice as recommended by the International Resuscitation Guidelines.
An efficient heuristic for state encoding minimizing the BDD representations of the transition relations of finite state machines (2002)

An efficient representation of the (smoothed) transition relation of a synchronous finite state machine (FSM) speeds up the traversal based symbolic verification and the functional simulation of the FSM. When using reduced ordered binary decision diagrams (BDDs), dynamic reordering algorithms are applied in order to keep the sizes of the BDDs tractable. However when FSMs are represented by BDDs, the state encoding can be used as an additional optimization criterion. In this paper, we present a new algorithm for state encoding of FSMs that minimizes the BDD representations of the corresponding (smoothed) transition relations. Experimental results show the approach to be very efficient.
Consent and the Incapable Adult (1997)

Defining incapacity to consent in an adult patient is a complex legal grey area. In her final article M E Rodgers looks at the issues involved.
Nitrogen-Doped Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes for Lithium Storage with Extremely High Capacity (2012)

The increasing demands on high performance energy storage systems have raised a new class of devices, so-called lithium ion capacitors (LICs). As its name says, LIC is an intermediate system between lithium ion batteries and supercapacitors, designed for taking advantages of both types of energy storage systems. Herein, as a quest to improve the Li storage capability compared to that of other existing carbon nanomaterials, we have developed extrinsically defective multiwall carbon nanotubes by nitrogen-doping. Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes contain wall defects through which lithium ions can diffuse so as to occupy a large portion of the interwall space as storage regions. Furthermore, when integrated with 3 nm nickel oxide nanoparticles for a further capacity boost, nitrogen doping enables unprecedented cell performance by engaging anomalous electrochemical phenomena such as nanoparticles division into even smaller ones, their agglomeration-free diffusion between nitrogen-doped sites as well as capacity rise with cycles. The final cells exhibit a capacity as high as 3500 mAh/g, a cycle life of greater than 10,000 times, and a discharge rate capability of 1.5 min while retaining a capacity of 350 mAh/g.
Hydrogen Bonding Effects in Adsorption of Water−Alcohol Mixtures in Zeolites and the Consequences for the Characteristics of the Maxwell−Stefan Diffusivities (2010)

This work highlights a variety of peculiar characteristics of adsorption and diffusion of polar molecules such as water, methanol and ethanol in zeolites. These peculiarities are investigated with the aid of configurational-bias Monte Carlo (CBMC) simulations of adsorption isotherms, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of diffusivities in FAU, MFI, DDR, and LTA zeolites. Because of strong hydrogen bonding, significant clustering of the guest molecules occurs in all investigated structures. Because of molecular clustering, the inverse thermodynamic factor 1/Gamma(i) identical with (d[ln c(i)])/(d[ln f(i)]) exceeds unity for a range molar concentrations c(i) within the micropores. The degree of clustering is lowered as the temperature is increased. For the concentration ranges for which 1/Gamma(i) > 1, the Fick diffusivity, D(i), for unary diffusion is often lower than both the Maxwell-Stefan, D(i), and the self-diffusivity, D(i,self). For water-alcohol mixtures, the hydrogen bonding between water and alcohol molecules is much more predominant than for water-water, and alcohol-alcohol molecule pairs. Consequently, the adsorption of water-alcohol mixtures shows significant deviations from the predictions of the ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST). The water-alcohol bonding also leaves its imprint on the mixture diffusion characteristics. The Maxwell-Stefan diffusivity, D(i), of either component in water-alcohol mixtures is lower than the corresponding values of the pure components; this behavior is distinctly different from that for mixtures of nonpolar guest molecules. The binary exchange coefficient D(12) for water-alcohol mixtures is also significantly lower than either self-exchange coefficients D(11) and D(22) of the constituent species. This implies that correlation effects are significantly stronger in water-alcohol mixtures than for the constituent species. Correlation effects are found to be significant for water-alcohol mixture diffusion in DDR and LTA zeolites, even though such effects are negligible for the pure constituents. The major conclusion to emerge from this investigation is that, unlike mixtures of nonpolar molecules, it is not possible to estimate water-alcohol mixture adsorption and diffusion characteristics on the basis of pure component data.
Interleukin-2 by Inhalation: Local Therapy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (1992)

We report the use of inhaled natural interleukin-2 in patients with metastatic disease. Six patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma received 100,000 units natural interleukin-2, 5 times per day by inhalation in addition to a 4-day cycle of intravenous natural interleukin-2 every 2 weeks and subcutaneous interferon 5 days per week. Response was clearly correlated with metastatic site. Distinct tumor burden and the poor condition of the patient did not impair success. Pulmonary metastases responded in 5 of 5 patients. Metastases in the mediastinum, liver, abdomen and pelvis were stabilized in 4 patients. No response was noted in 3 solitary bone metastases, which were successfully removed surgically after several months of therapy, and a pleural metastasis progressed despite a clear response of the pulmonary disease in the same patient. New metastases did not develop in any of the patients during treatment (median followup 183 days of treatment, range 97 to 296 days). The over-all importance of the low toxicity of this novel route of administration (World Health Organization classification not exceeding grade 1) making long-term outpatient treatment possible must be emphasized because limitations of systemic interleukin-2 application are mainly caused by pulmonary side effects, for example pulmonary capillary leakage syndrome and edema. However, this new type of topical natural interleukin-2 application and combination with low dose intravenous interleukin-2 achieved considerable antitumor responses.
Caspase-3–Dependent Organ Apoptosis Early After Burn Injury (1999)

In the early period after a burn injury, increased apoptosis is observed primarily in the lymphoid organs and is independent of endotoxin or TNF-alpha. The increased caspase-3 activity in thymus and spleen contributes to apoptosis in these organs.
Lipid and fatty acid composition of Gluconobacter oxydans before and after intracytoplasmic membrane formation (1978)

Gluconobacter oxydans differentiates by forming quantities of intracytoplasmic membranes at the end of exponential growth, and this formation occurs concurrently with a 60% increase in cellular lipid. The present study was initiated to determine whether this newly synthesized lipid differed from that extracted before intracytoplasmic membrane synthesis. Undifferentiated exponential-phase cells were found to contain 30% phosphatidylcholine, 27.1% caridolipin, 25% phosphatidylethanolamine, 12.5% phosphatidylglycerol, 0.4% phosphatidic acid, 0.2% phosphatidylserine, and four additional unidentified lipids totaling less than 5%. The only change detected after formation of intracytoplasmic membranes was a slight decrease in phosphatidylethanolamine and a corresponding increase in phosphatidylcholine. An examination of lipid hydrolysates revealed 11 different fatty acids in the lipids from each cell type. Hexadecanoic acid and monounsaturated octadecenoic accounted for more than 75% of the total fatty acids for both cell types. Proportional changes were noted in all fatty acids except octadecenoate. Anteiso-pentadecanoate comprised less than 1% of the fatty acids from undifferentiated cells but more than 13% of the total fatty acids from cells containing intracytoplasmic membranes. These results suggest that anteiso-pentadecanoate formation closely parallels the formation of intracytoplasmic membranes. Increased concentrations of this fatty acid may contribute to the fluidity necessary for plasma membrane convolution during intracytoplasmic membrane development.
Circular free-electron laser structures (abstract) (1997)

Typically free-electron lasers (FELs) have employed electromagnets arranged in linearly periodic arrays to provide the magnetic field necessary to impart a transverse oscillatory acceleration to an electron beam thus causing it to radiate. With the advent of the high energy product permanent magnet materials, it has become practical in some cases to replace electromagnets with permanent magnet arrays. Difficulties with both procedures were obtaining desired magnetic field strengths at short wave lengths, utilization of only a small part of the beam energy, and impracticability of obtaining the desired bore cross sections at high field strengths and short periods. These problems can be ameliorated by permanent magnet arrays that offer unusually high fields and modest structural masses. In such structures, the electron beams follow circular rather than linear paths, the magnetic periodicity is azimuthal, the fields are axial and unidirectional, and the “wiggle” is in the radial direction. Because of its circular path, the e-beam traverses the array many times so that a much larger portion of the electron kinetic energy can be converted to radiation than in the usual linear arrays which the electron beam traverses only once. The circular beam arrays are based on both magic spheres and magic toroid structures in which the same field produces the wiggle and maintains the circular path. An example of the calculated results is that of a sphere in which the ratio of the outer to inner diameters is 3, and the extremes of the periodic field values are 3.4 and 3.7 T causing synchrotron radiation of 2.5×1013 Hz and wiggler radiation of 2.0×1014 Hz.
Preparation and Oxygen Permeation Properties of Highly Asymmetric La<sub>0.6</sub>Sr<sub>0.4</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Fe<sub>0.8</sub>O<sub>3−α</sub> Perovskite Hollow-Fiber Membranes (2008)

La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−α (LSCF) perovskite powders having a submicrometer size were synthesized by a sol−gel autocombustion method. From these powders, the gastight LSCF hollow-fiber membranes with a highly asymmetric structure comprising a dense layer of thickness ca. 88 μm integrated with a porous substrate were fabricated in a single step through a phase inversion/sintering technique with a mixture of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and water as internal coagulant. Oxygen permeation fluxes through the obtained hollow-fiber membranes were measured under air/He gradients at different temperatures. The results indicate that the highly asymmetric hollow-fiber membranes possess an oxygen permeation flux of 0.11−2.19 mL cm−2 min−1 in the temperature range of 650−1000 °C, which is 2.6−10.5 times higher than that of the sandwich-structured hollow-fiber membranes. Oxygen permeation in the hollow-fiber membranes is limited primarily by the surface exchange reactions at lower temperatures, but ionic bulk diffusion will have a rate-limiting effect at temperatures higher than 900 °C.
Dopaminergic neuronal loss and motor deficits in<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>overexpressing human α‐synuclein (2003)

Overexpression of human alpha-synuclein in model systems, including cultured neurons, drosophila and mice, leads to biochemical and pathological changes that mimic synucleopathies including Parkinson's disease. We have overexpressed both wild-type (WT) and mutant alanine53-->threonine (A53T) human alpha-synuclein by transgenic injection into Caenorhabditis elegans. Motor deficits were observed when either WT or A53T alpha-synuclein was overexpressed with a pan-neuronal or motor neuron promoter. Neuronal and dendritic loss were accelerated in all three sets of C. elegans dopaminergic neurons when human alpha-synuclein was overexpressed under the control of a dopaminergic neuron or pan-neuronal promoter, but not with a motor neuron promoter. There were no significant differences in neuronal loss between overexpressed WT and A53T forms or between worms of different ages (4 days, 10 days or 2 weeks). These results demonstrate neuronal and behavioral perturbations elicited by human alpha-synuclein in C. elegans that are dependent upon expression in specific neuron subtypes. This transgenic model in C. elegans, an invertebrate organism with excellent experimental resources for further genetic manipulation, may help facilitate dissection of pathophysiologic mechanisms of various synucleopathies.
Role of Local Immunoglobulin E Specific for <i>Alternaria alternata</i> in the Pathogenesis of Nasal Polyposis (2008)

Alternaria-specific IgE and eosinophilic inflammation in nasal tissue correlates with the incidence of nasal polyps irrespective of specific IgE antibodies in serum. Together, the correlation between the local immune responses and the eosinophilic inflammation in nasal polyps suggests a possible role of Alternaria in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis.
Learning to reproduce stochastic time series using stochastic LSTM (2017)

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have been widely used for complex data modeling. However, when it comes to long-term time-dependent complex sequential data modeling with stochasticities, RNNs seem to fail because of vanishing gradients problem. Hence, in this paper, we propose a new architecture, stochastic long short term memory (S-LSTM), along with its forward and backward dynamics equations. S-LSTM models stochasticities using Bayesian brain hypothesis, which is a probabilistic model that makes predictions against which samples are tested to update the conclusions about their causes. This is the same as minimizing the difference between inference and posterior densities for suppressing the free energy. During training of S-LSTM, it predicts the mean as well as variance at each time step. The prediction error is minimized by the predicted variance which acts as an inverse weighting factor for prediction error and tries to optimize the maximum likelihood. Our proposed model is evaluated through numerical experiments on noisy Lissajous curves. In the experiments, S-LSTM is found to predict and preserve more stochasticities in the noisy Lissajous curves as compared to LSTM.
Optimization of shape control of 1580mm hot strip rolling mill (1999)

The imported PC mill of 1580mm hot rolling mill can control shape of strip effectively. By means of optimized mathematical model and process parameters, the shape control system has been improved. As a result, the height of shape wave of strip less than 15mm can be realized.
Expression and New Exon Mutations of the Human Beta Defensins and Their Association on Colon Cancer Development (2015)

The development of cancer involves genetic predisposition and a variety of environmental exposures. Genome-wide linkage analyses provide evidence for the significant linkage of many diseases to susceptibility loci on chromosome 8p23, the location of the human defensin gene cluster. Human β-defensins (hBDs) are important molecules of innate immunity. This study was designed to analyze the expression and genetic variations in hBDs (hBD-1, hBD-2, hBD-3 and hBD-4) and their putative association with colon cancer. hBD gene expression and relative protein expression were evaluated by Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively, from 40 normal patients and 40 age-matched patients with colon cancer in Saudi Arabia. In addition, hBD polymorphisms were genotyped by exon sequencing and by promoter methylation. hBD-1, hBD-2, hBD-3 and hBD-4 basal messenger RNA expression was significantly lower in tumor tissues compared with normal tissues. Several insertion mutations were detected in different exons of the analyzed hBDs. However, no methylation in any hBDs promoters was detected because of the limited number of CpG islands in these regions. We demonstrated for the first time a link between hBD expression and colon cancer. This suggests that there is a significant link between innate immunity deregulation through disruption of cationic peptides (hBDs) and the potential development of colon cancer.
Magnetically elicited blink reflex: an alternative to conventional electrical stimulation. (1993)

Magnetically and electrically elicited blink reflexes were studied in 11 normal subjects and in 5 patients with partial peripheral facial nerve palsy. Both methods were able to elicit a reproducible blink reflex. In both groups the latencies of the magnetically elicited reflexes were equal to those that followed electrical stimulation. The magnetic stimulation technique offered 2 advantages over the electrical stimulation: (1) it was less painful and therefore better tolerated and (2) the coil position in the middle of the forehead was sufficient to elicit a bilateral blink reflex because the windings of the stimulation coil excited both supraorbital nerves simultaneously. This bilateral response enables one to reduce the number of stimuli and can be used in the examination of patients that have peripheral facial nerve palsies without the concomitant impairment of the reflex pathway in the brainstem. The magnetic technique can also elicit a blink reflex at stimulation points distant from the supraorbital notch. This finding offers an alternative explanation of the late responses of facial muscles following transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex.
Optical and structural characterization of CuInSe2 (CIS) thin films grown by means ofprocess in two stages (2003)

Resumen en: CuInSe2 thin films grown on soda lime glass substrate through a process which includes the chemical reaction between Cu and InxSey (IS) thin films depos...
New coil positioning method for interleaved transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)/functional MRI (fMRI) and its validation in a motor cortex study (2008)

We present a user-friendly method for TMS coil positioning in the MR scanner that exhibits good spatial accuracy and speeds up the setup of the experiment. The motor-cortex study proves the viability of the approach and validates our interleaved TMS/fMRI setup.