gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distributed SDN for Mission-Critical Networks (2014)

Mission-critical networks now interconnect data enters, enterprise, customer sites and mobile entities. They thus must be resilient, adaptable and easily extensible. The emergence of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) protocols, which enables to decouple the control plane from the data plane, opens up new ways to architect such networks. In this paper, we propose DISCO, an extensible Distributed SDN Control plane able to cope with the distributed and heterogeneous nature of modern mission-critical networks. DISCO controllers manage their own network domain and communicate with each others to provide end-to-end network services. This inter-controller communication is based on a lightweight and highly manageable pub-sub mechanism used by agents to self-adaptively share aggregated local and network-wide information. We implemented DISCO on top of Floodlight, an Open Flow controller, and the AMQP protocol. We demonstrated how DISCO's control plane dynamically adapts to heterogeneous network topologies while being resilient enough to survive to disruptions and attacks and providing classic functionalities such as end-point migration. The experimentation results we present are organized around two use cases: inter-domain connectivity disruption and migration of a virtual machine.
Black Carbon and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emissions from Vehicles in the United States–Mexico Border Region: Pilot Study (2006)

The investigators developed a system to measure black carbon (BC) and particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission factors during roadside sampling in four cities along the United States-Mexico border, Calexico/Mexicali and El Paso/Juarez. The measurement system included a photoacoustic analyzer for BC, a photoelectric aerosol sensor for particle-bound PAHs, and a carbon dioxide (CO2) analyzer. When a vehicle with measurable emissions passed the system probe, corresponding BC, PAH, and CO2 peaks were evident, and a fuel-based emission factor was estimated. A picture of each vehicle was also recorded with a digital camera. The advantage of this system, compared with other roadside methods, is the direct measurement of particulate matter components and limited interference from roadside dust. The study revealed some interesting trends: Mexican buses and all medium-duty trucks were more frequently identified as high emitters of BC and PAH than heavy-duty trucks or passenger vehicles. In addition, because of the high daily mileage of buses, they are good candidates for additional study. Mexican trucks and buses had higher average emission factors compared with U.S. trucks and buses, but the differences were not statistically significant. Few passenger vehicles had measurable BC and PAH emissions, although the highest emission factor came from an older model passenger vehicle licensed in Baja California.
Design and Fabrication of a Small-Form-Factor Optical Pickup Head (2009)

This paper presents the design and fabrication of a small-form-factor optical pickup head (OPH) for both red and blue wavelength. A holographic optical element (HOE) is used for beam splitting, aberration correction, and servo-signal generation to reduce the number of components and simplify the assembly procedure. In addition to demonstrating this OPH by using existing discrete components, several key components and processes are developed to use micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) technology to facilitate batch fabrication and wafer level assembly of the micro OPU.
INVITED REVIEW: Transmission Electrón Microscopy of Carbonitride Precipitation in Microalloyed Steels (1998)

This paper reviews the subject of carbonitride precipitation during the thermomechanical processing of microalloyed steels, with particular emphasis on the observation and identification of small particles in the transmission electron microscope. Precipitation may occur in austenite during hot rolling, along the gamma/alpha phrase boundary during transformation. or in ferrite during final cooling, with different effects on steel properties. Each precipitation mode can be identified by its characteristic crystallographic orientation of the carbonitride particles with respect to the ferrite matrix, and composite electron diffraction patterns have been constructed which allow rapid identification when the sample is tilted toward standard ferrite orientations. Diffraction analysis has been applied to a number of commercial hot strip steels, and the different precipitation strengthening potential. In addition, particle contrast and practical resolution limits for carbonitride observation in the transmission electron microscope are discussed. Finally, some characteristic artifacts from sample preparation are presented which could lead to false interpretations about the formation of small carbonitride particles.
LIDAR Techniques For Search And Rescue (1985)

Two new approaches to search and rescue using LIDAR techniques will be discussed; these topics will include laser retroreflection and laser-induced fluorescence. These techniques use high-repetition rate lasers at a variety of frequencies to induce either retroreflection from plastic corner cubes on life preservers and other emergency markers or fluorescence in dye markers placed in the ocean.
Phonon Driven Nonlinear Electrical Behavior in Molecular Devices (2007)

Electronic transport in a model molecular device coupled to local phonon modes is theoretically analyzed. The method allows for obtaining an accurate approximation of the system's quantum state irrespective of the electron and phonon energy scales. Nonlinear electrical features emerge from the calculated current-voltage characteristics. The quantum corrections with respect to the adiabatic limit characterize the transport scenario, and the polaronic reduction of the effective device-lead coupling plays a fundamental role in the unusual electrical features.
Researches on Chemotherapeutic Drugs against Viruses. IV (1952)

(1) Sodium 3-phenylazonaphthionate and its derivatives were synthesized by diazotized aniline and its ring-substitute and coupling the resulting diazonium compounds with sodium naphthionate. (2) These compounds were tested as to their activities iv vitro against Encephalitis japonica. (3) Sodium 3-phenylazonaphthionate possessed the strongest activity against the virus and the lowest toxity among the series of 3-phenyl-azonaphthionates.
Abstractions for continuous media in a network window system (1991)

ACME is a set of abstractions for the input and output of "continuous media" (audio and video) by a network window system. In ACME, continuous media (CM) data is handled by user-level software in both the client and server, and is conveyed on network connections. The ACME design has the goals of network transparency, device independence, support for concurrency, and management policy independence. The ACME abstractions include strands (streams of audio or video data), ropes (combinations of several strands), logical time systems (reference frames in which several strands or ropes can be played synchronously), and logical devices (representing microphones, speakers, video cameras, and video windows)
Erythrocyte membrane stabilization by calcium channel blockers, calmodulin antagonists and scavengers of oxygen free radicals. (1991)

Calcium channel blockers (nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem), calmodulin antagonists (trifluoperazine, calmidazolium, compound 48/80) and anti-free radical agents (allopurinol, desferrioxamine, mannitol, L-methionine) were tested for their potency to stabilize human erythrocytes against hypotonic hemolysis. The anti-free radical agents and compound 48/80 did not confer the membrane stabilization. Nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem, calmidazolium and trifluoperazine at low concentrations, protected the cells from the hypotonic hemolysis while at higher concentrations they caused lysis. Similar biphasic changes were produced by the detergents sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and Triton X-100. The drug concentration-dependency of the biphasic changes in the erythrocytes osmotic fragility produced by calcium channel blockers and calmodulin antagonists was not affected by low concentrations of SDS and Triton X-100. On the other hand, these drugs did not prevent the hemolysis produced by high concentrations of the detergents. The above as well as the observation that the membrane stabilization is conferred only by relatively high concentrations of calcium channel blockers and calmodulin antagonists suggest that membrane stabilization is not responsible for anti-ischemic effects of these agents reported in the literature.
2-Benzoylbenzoic Acid:  A Photolabile Mask for Alcohols and Thiols (1996)

Photolysis of 2-benzoylbenzoate esters of primary and secondary alcohols 1 in the presence of a hydrogen donor (2-isopropanol) or an electron donor (primary amines) produces the corresponding alcohol in high yield. The fate of the benzoate is dependent on the conditions used for the photoreaction. In 2-propanol, the ketyl radical that derives from photoreduction dimerizes, to afford the benzpinacol product 3,3‘-diphenylbiphthalidyl, 5. In the presence of amines the product is 3-phenylphthalide, 6, a benzhydrol derivative which is the result of simple reduction of the ketone followed by lactonization. While the photoproduct of the benzoate−2-propanol reaction results from anticipated free radical chemistry, the amine-promoted reaction appears to result from a second, “dark”, electron transfer process. We conclude that 2-benzoylbenzoic acid is an effective photolabile protecting group for primary and secondary alcohols, and preliminary studies indicate that thiols can be protected in an analogous way. Studies on the effect of benzophenone substituents and reaction solvent on the benzhydrol:benzpinacol product ratio provide mechanistic insight into the process.
Molecular mapping of flowering time genes in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) (2015)

Flowering time is an important trait of chickpea that influences\ncrop adaptation to a given climate. Earliness in both flowering\ntime and maturity are important traits for increasing and\nstabilizing chickpea productivity in short season environments\nby avoiding end of season drought. A study was conducted to\nidentify genes/quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling flowering\ntime in chickpea using four F2 populations (ICCV 96029 × CDC\nFrontier, ICC 5810 × CDC Frontier, BGD 132 × CDC Frontier and\nICC 16641 × CDC Frontier). Genetic studies revealed monogenic\ncontrol of flowering time in the crosses ICCV 96029 × CDC\nFrontier, BGD 132 × CDC Frontier and ICC 16641 × CDC Frontier,\nwhile in the cross ICC 5810 × CDC Frontier, it was under digenic\ncontrol with complementary gene action. The genetic linkage\nmaps developed from four crosses consisted of 75, 75, 68 and 67\nmarkers spanning 248.8 cM, 331.4 cM, 311.1 cM, and 385.1 cM,\nrespectively. A consensus map spanning 363.8 cM with 109 loci\nwas developed by integrating four genetic maps. QTL mapping\ndetected major genomic regions controlling early flowering genes\nefl-1 (Qefl1-2) on CaLG04, efl-2 (Qefl2-1, Qefl2-2, Qefl2-3, Qefl2-\n4) on CaLG01, 03, 04 and 08, efl-3 (Qefl3-3) on CaLG08 and efl4\n(Qefl4-1) on CaLG06. Analysis of QTL regions on CaLG04 and\nCaLG08 provided several important candidate genes involved in\nregulation of flowering time and homeotic functions. The identified\ngenomic regions with linked molecular markers can be deployed\nfor introgressing early flowering trait into elite chickpea\ncultivars through marker-assisted breeding (MAB).
Estimating RNA editing efficiency of five editing sites in the serotonin 2C receptor by pyrosequencing (2005)

Accumulating evidence suggests that altered RNA editing of the serotonin 2C receptor (HTR2C) is involved in the pathophysiology of mental disorders and the action of antidepressants. Estimating RNA editing of HTR2C in various samples is a first step to understanding its pathophysiological roles. Here, we developed a high-throughput quantification method of RNA editing efficiency by pyrosequencing. By optimizing the dispensation order, the RNA editing efficiency of all five RNA editing sites including consecutively ordered sites in HTR2C was obtained. More importantly, our method made it possible to determine the content of partial HTR2C isoforms, which enabled us to monitor possible functional changes of HTR2C. This method was validated in both oligonucleotide and RT-PCR product templates, and showed good correlation with conventional cloning-sequencing analysis. Our method could be a valuable tool in the rapid assessment of RNA editing status, including assessment of natural variations, alterations in disease tissues, and responses to drugs.
Isolation of motile spermatozoa by density gradient centrifugation in Percoll® (1983)

Abstract A procedure using centrifugation in density gradients composed of Percoll was developed for isolation of spermatozoa from mammalian semen. To evaluate the technique, rabbit, human, or bovine semen was layered over continuous Percoll gradients ranging in density from 1.02 to 1.13 gm/ml and centrifuged at 1,500g for 45 min. After centrifugation, the seminal plasma remained above the gradient, whereas the spermatozoa and seminal particles were distributed within the gradient according to their buoyant densities. Unlike most washing techniques, no sperm pellet was formed; instead, the spermatozoa were concentrated into a compact band above the most dense layer of Percoll. The spermatozoa recovered from the gradient were easily resuspended by gentle techniques. Thus, the mechanical stress to the spermatozoa was minimized. Osmotic stress to the spermatozoa was also negligible as the Percoll gradients were isotonic throughout. Spermatozoa obtained by this technique possessed motility equivalent to that of spermatozoa in the unfractionated semen. Sperm suspensions recovered from the gradients contained less than 5% of the nonspermatozoal particles present in the original samples of unfractionated semen. Soluble seminal components were also efficiently removed from the spermatozoa. Thirty billion bovine spermatozoa could be fractionated on a single gradient without loss of effectiveness. Recovery of spermatozoa from these preparative separations averaged 80%. These results demonstrated that Percoll was a superior medium for efficient density gradient isolation of motile spermatozoa free of contamination by other seminal constituents.
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub>upregulates natriuretic peptide receptor-C expression in mouse osteoblasts (1998)

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], a key regulator of mineral metabolism, regulates expression of several genes related to bone formation. The present study examined the 1,25(OH)2D3-mediated regulation of natriuretic peptide receptor-C (NPR-C) expression in osteoblasts. 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment significantly increased NPR-C-dependent atrial natriuretic peptide-binding activity and synthesis of the NPR-C protein in mouse osteoblastic cells in a cell-specific manner. Western blot analysis also demonstrated that 1, 25(OH)2D3 upregulated expression of NPR-C protein in slow kinetics. Next, Northern blot analysis revealed a significant increase in the steady-state NPR-C mRNA level by 1,25(OH)2D3. Sequence analysis of the 9 kb of the 5'-flanking region of the mouse NPR-C gene revealed an absence of consensus vitamin D-response elements, and promoter analysis using osteoblastic cells stably transfected with mouse NPR-C promoter-reporter constructs showed a slight increase of promoter activity with 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment. In addition, a nuclear run-on assay exhibited that the transcriptional rate of the NPR-C gene was unchanged by 1,25(OH)2D3, whereas that of the osteopontin gene was increased. Evaluation of NPR-C mRNA half-life demonstrated that 1,25(OH)2D3 significantly increased the NPR-C mRNA stability in osteoblastic cells. 1,25(OH)2D3 attenuated intracellular cGMP production in osteoblastic cells stimulated by C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) without a significant change of the natriuretic peptide receptor-B mRNA level, suggesting enhancement of the clearance of exogenously added CNP via NPR-C. Furthermore, NPR-C and osteopontin mRNAs in mouse calvariae were significantly increased by administration of 1,25(OH)2D3, and immunohistological analysis demonstrated that NPR-C is actually and strongly expressed in mouse periosteal fibroblasts. These findings suggest that 1,25(OH)2D3 can play a critical role for determination of the natriuretic peptide availability in bones by regulation of NPR-C expression through stabilizing its mRNA.
Surface polaritons in a circularly cylindrical interface: Surface plasmons (1974)

A theoretical investigation of surface polaritons in the circularly cylindrical geometry is presented. The complete set of Maxwell's equations (retardation effects are not neglected) is solved with the simple dielectric function, $\ensuremath{\epsilon}(\ensuremath{\omega})=1\ensuremath{-}\frac{{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{p}^{2}}{{\ensuremath{\omega}}^{2}}$, where ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{p}$ is the bulk plasma frequency. The resulting transcendental equation for the eigenfrequencies is solved via numerical methods for three representative values of the cylindricality constant, $\ensuremath{\alpha}=\frac{{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{p}a}{c}$, where $a$ is the cylinder radius and $c$ the velocity of light. In addition to the real nonradiative surface plasmons, various virtual radiative surface plasmons exist with properties depending rather strongly on $\ensuremath{\alpha}$. The results are compared with existing experimental data. Further experiments are proposed in order to reveal the most interesting features of the surface plasma modes.
Hedaquin: A Reputation-based Health Data Quality Indicator (2008)

A number of applications based on personal health records (PHRs) are emerging in the field of health care and wellness. PHRs empower patients by giving them control over their health data. Health data for PHRs can be supplied by patients, wellness providers and health care providers. Health care providers may use the PHRs to provide medical care. Unfortunately, the quality of the health data cannot be guaranteed in all cases (e.g. consider cases where non-professionals such as patients and wellness providers supplied the data). To address this problem, we present in this paper Hedaquin, a system that provides health care professionals with an indication of the quality of health data in a PHR. This indication is based on the reputation of the supplier and on metadata provided by measurement devices. The proposed reputation system mimics the way trust in health data and their suppliers is built in the real world. Hedaquin uses the Beta reputation system as a starting point and extends it in several directions to cover specific PHR requirements. Firstly, Hedaquin supports the automatic calculation of a rating based on a repeated measurement. Secondly, certificates for the user such as diplomas are taken into account. Thirdly, Hedaquin calculates reputation for different scopes in order to discriminate among different tasks the suppliers of health data can perform. Finally, the time difference between the ratings and the calculation of the reputation influences the weight that is given to a rating.
Carbon Reduction Intentions and Behaviours for Sustainability (2013)

Increases in emissions of greenhouse gases resulted in rising global average temperature in the past few decades. In Taiwan, annual emissions of CO2 increased from 114.4 million tons in 1990 to 270.2 million tons in 2010, a staggering 136.2% increase in two decades. Strategic implementation of carbon reduction and environmentally sustainability becomes a top priority for government administration in public education in Taiwan. This study aims to examine information search behaviour and to reveal how carbon reduction behaviours differ from intentions. Carbon reduction intentions related to what respondents thought they should be doing for environmental sustainability. Behaviours referred to actions respondents had taken in particular ways to reduce carbon emissions. A survey was administered using personal interviews in March, 2010, in Taipei, Taiwan. A stratified sampling was utilised in this study following gender and age distributions of the population between the ages of 20 to 59. Findings in this study revealed that people search different types of carbon reduction information via various media channels. For those who prefer technology and policy related carbon reduction information, they would be more likely to take actions than those who prefer practical carbon reduction information. Technology/policy information seekers would have carbon reduction behaviour similar to their intentions, especially in energy usage and shopping activities. Practical information seekers seem to have higher level of behavioural discrepancies in carbon reduction. Strategic implications based on findings in this study are suggested.
Design, fabrication and thermal characterization of a magnetocaloric microcooler (2006)

Magnetocaloric cooling is an alternative, high-efficiency cooling technology. In this paper, we present the design and fabrication of a micromachined magnetocaloric cooler and demonstrate its ability to work in a small magnetic field (<1.2 T) with a cooling test. The cooler was built by fabricating Si microfluidic channels, and it was integrated with a Gd5(Si2Ge2) magnetocaloric refrigeration element. The magnetic properties of the Gd5(Si2Ge2) material were characterized to calculate the magnetic entropy change at different ambient temperatures. Three different methods to integrate the channel layer and the magnetocaloric element were evaluated to test sealing and cooling performance. The cooling tests were performed by providing a magnetic field using an electromagnet. A test jig was constructed between the poles of an electromagnet to maintain a steady temperature during the test. Cooling tests were performed on the magnetocaloric element at ambient temperatures ranging from 258 to 280 K using a magnetic field of 1.2 T. Experimental results showed a maximum temperature change of 7 K on the magnetocaloric element alone at an ambient temperature of 258 K. Cooling tests of the fully integrated coolers were also performed. A solution of anti-freeze fluid (propylene glycol) and water was used as the coolant. The temperature of the working fluid decreased by 4.6 and 9 K for the glass and Si intermediate layers, respectively, confirming that the thermal conductivity of the materials is also an important factor in cooler performance. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.