gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
System modeling and multicore simulation using transactions (2012)

With the increasing complexity of digital systems that are becoming more and more parallel, a better abstraction to describe such systems has become a necessity. This paper shows how, by using the powerful mechanism of transactions as a concurrency model, and by taking advantage of .NET introspection and attribute programming capabilities, we were able to develop a system-level modeling and parallel simulation environment. We kept the same concepts to describe the architecture of high-level models, such as modules and communication channels. However, unlike SystemC, the behaviour is no longer described as processes and events but as transactions. We implemented scheduling algorithms in order to enable simulating a transactional models in parallel by taking advantage of a multicore machine. These algorithms take into account the dependency between transactions and the number of cores of the simulation machine. We studied two synchronisation strategies: one using locking and the other using partitioning. An experiment made on a WiFi 802.11a transmitter achieved a speedup of about 1.9 using two threads. With 8 threads, although the workload of individual transactions was not significant, we could reach a 5.1 speedup. When the workload is significant the speedup can reach 6.3.
The Chromostereoscopic Process: A Novel Single Image Stereoscopic Process (1987)

A novel stereoscopic depth encoding/decoding process has been developed which considerably simplifies the creation and presentation of stereoscopic images in a wide range of display media. The patented chromostereoscopic process is unique because the encoding of depth information is accomplished in a single image. The depth encoded image can be viewed with the unaided eye as a normal two dimensional image. The image attains the appearance of depth, however, when viewed by means of the inexpensive and compact depth decoding passive optical system. The process is compatible with photographic, printed, video, slide projected, computer graphic, and laser generated color images. The range of perceived depth in a given image can be selected by the viewer through the use of "tunable depth" decoding optics, allowing infinite and smooth tuning from exaggerated normal depth through zero depth to exaggerated inverse depth. The process is insensitive to the head position of the viewer. Depth encoding is accomplished by mapping the desired perceived depth of an image component into spectral color. Depth decoding is performed by an optical system which shifts the spatial positions of the colors in the image to create left and right views. The process is particularly well suited to the creation of stereoscopic laser shows. Other applications are also being pursued.
Extracellular HIV‐1 Tat protein activates phosphatidylinositol 3‐ and Akt/PKB kinases in CD4<sup>+</sup> T lymphoblastoid Jurkat cells (1997)

The biological basis for the pleiotropic activity of extracellular human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 Tat protein on lymphoid T cell survival is not well understood. We have here demonstrated that the addition in culture of 0.1-10 nM Tat protein to 36-h serum-starved lymphoblastoid Jurkat T cells rapidly stimulates the catalytic activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-K). The peak of activation was observed 30 min after Tat addition. Extracellular Tat also stimulated the catalytic activity of the Akt/PKB kinase, a major target of PI 3-K lipid products. Pretreatment of serum-starved Jurkat cells with 100 nM wortmannin (WT) or 10 microM LY294002, two unrelated pharmacological inhibitors of PI 3-K, markedly suppressed the catalytic activity of both PI 3-K and Akt/PKB in Jurkat cells. Moreover, at low concentrations (0.1-1 nM), extracellular Tat showed a small but reproducible protection of Jurkat cells from apoptosis induced by serum deprivation (p < 0.05), while the combination of Tat plus 100 nM WT significantly (p < 0.05) increased the percentage of apoptosis with respect to cells left untreated or treated with Tat alone. Taken together, these data suggest that the anti-apoptotic activity of low concentrations of Tat protein on Jurkat cells is mediated by a PI 3-kinase/Akt pathway.
Power system on a chip (PSoC): analog emulation for power system applications (2006)

This contribution addresses VLSI-based hardware analog emulators of power systems. The goal is to develop a computational tool we refer to as a power system on a chip (PSoC). We review various problems and proposed solutions encountered from the design stage to the PC-board hardware implementation stage and finally to the anticipated VLSI implementation stage. In addition to various characteristic features, it has already been noted that using analog emulation for power system analysis allows for reduction in computation time, without significant loss in accuracy, compared to numerical methods. We further validate this through observations obtained from comparative runs between software and analog hardware environments.
8-Epi PGF<sub>2α</sub>Generation During Coronary Reperfusion (1997)

These data support the hypothesis that free radical generation occurs during myocardial reperfusion. Measurement of isoprostane production may serve as a noninvasive index of oxidative stress.
A Survey of Evolutionary Algorithms for Decision-Tree Induction (2011)

This paper presents a survey of evolutionary algorithms that are designed for decision-tree induction. In this context, most of the paper focuses on approaches that evolve decision trees as an alternate heuristics to the traditional top-down divide-and-conquer approach. Additionally, we present some alternative methods that make use of evolutionary algorithms to improve particular components of decision-tree classifiers. The paper's original contributions are the following. First, it provides an up-to-date overview that is fully focused on evolutionary algorithms and decision trees and does not concentrate on any specific evolutionary approach. Second, it provides a taxonomy, which addresses works that evolve decision trees and works that design decision-tree components by the use of evolutionary algorithms. Finally, a number of references are provided that describe applications of evolutionary algorithms for decision-tree induction in different domains. At the end of this paper, we address some important issues and open questions that can be the subject of future research.
Metabolism of quinoline 3-carboxamide compounds, a group of synthetic immunomodulators, in various species (2004)

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is involved in the metabolism of the majority of clinically used drugs. We have studied the CYP mediated metabolism of quinoline 3-carboxamides, a group of synthetic immunomodulators in liver microsomal preparations from various species. Roquinimex, the lead compound, was found to be metabolised by CYPs to hydroxylated and demethylated metabolites. A similar metabolite pattern was demonstrated in liver microsomes from species used for the pharmacological and toxicological evaluation as well as from man. In human enzymatic systems, CYP3A4 was determined to catalyse the primary metabolism. When projecting in vitro metabolism data to in vivo pharmacokinetics a good correlation was obtained. Thus, the CYP metabolism seems to be a major determinant of the pharmacokinetics of roquinimex in vivo. Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of 5-substituted quinoline based compounds have been evaluated. Generally similar metabolite patterns were formed in different species. Introduction of a substituent in the 5-position seemed to affect the metabolite pattern e.g. a preference for dealkylation at the carboxamide position as compared to roquinimex. Replacing the methyl at the carboxamide position with an ethyl group results in pronounced hydroxylation in the quinoline moiety. The enzyme kinetics was affected by introduction of an ethyl group; lower KM values, higher CLInt , and higher clearance was determined both in vitro and in vivo. When comparing metabolism data with in vivo pharmacokinetics in the mouse, a relationship between systemic exposure of parent compound and disease inhibitory effects was seen. We show that laquinimod, currently in phase II clinical trials, is metabolised by CYP3A4 and potent CYP3A4 inhibitors such as ketoconazole may affect laquinimod pharmacokinetics. Keywords: Metabolism, cytochrome P450, quinoline 3-carboxamides, enzyme kinetics, pharmacokinetics
Pronounced enhancement of .NO-dependent antimicrobial action by an .NO-oxidizing agent, imidazolineoxyl N-oxide (1993)

The antimicrobial action of .NO against Cryptococcus neoformans was investigated by using imidazolineoxyl N-oxide, which we recently reported removes .NO via oxidation (T. Akaike, M. Yoshida, Y. Miyamoto, K. Sato, M. Kohno, K. Sasamoto, K. Miyazaki, S. Ueda, and H. Maeda, Biochemistry 32:827-832, 1993). No appreciable fungicidal activity was observed in neutral .NO solutions. Imidazolineoxyl N-oxide induced or enhanced fungicidal action in neutral or acidic .NO solutions, respectively. Our results provide convincing evidence that .NO is not a microbicidal molecular species.
Simulating Project Work Processes and Organizations: Toward a Micro-Contingency Theory of Organizational Design (1999)

The Virtual Design Team (VDT) extends and operationalizes Galbraith's (1973) information-processing view of organizations. VDT simulates the micro-level information processing, communication, and coordination behavior of participants in a project organization and predicts several measures of participant and project-level performance. VDT-1 (Cohen 1991) and VDT-2 (Christiansen 1993) modeled project organizations containing actors with perfectly congruent goals engaged in complex but routine engineering design work within static organization structures. VDT-3 extends the VDT-2 work process representation to include measures of activity flexibility, complexity, uncertainty, and interdependence strength. It explicitly models the effects of goal incongruency between agents on their information processing and communication behavior while executing more flexible tasks. These extensions allow VDT to model more flexible organizations executing less routine work processes. VDT thus bridges rigorously between cognitive and social psychological micro-organization theory and sociological and economic macro-organization theory for project teams. VDT-3 has been used to model and simulate the design of two major subsystems of a complex satellite launch vehicle. This case study provides initial evidence that the micro-contingency theory embodied in VDT-3 can be used to predict organizational breakdowns, and to evaluate alternative organizational changes to mitigate identified risks. VDT thus supports true “organizational engineering” for project teams.
Additive effect of latanoprost, a prostaglandin F2 alpha analogue, and timolol in patients with elevated intraocular pressure. (1994)

A randomised observer masked clinical study was conducted to assess the additive effect of latanoprost (13,14-dihydro-17-phenyl-18,19,20-trinorprostaglandin F2 alpha-isopropylester) to timolol maleate in patients with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Patients were randomly assigned to two treatment groups. One group (n = 10) received timolol, the other group (n = 9) received latanoprost twice daily for 1 week. After 1 week all patients received both timolol and latanoprost. Eyes treated with timolol (mean diurnal IOP (SD) day 0, 24.2 (2.8) mm Hg) and latanoprost (mean diurnal IOP day 0, 28.5 (5.6) mm Hg) showed an IOP reduction of 5.9 (2.3) mm Hg (24%) and 8.9 (2.5) mm Hg (31%), respectively after the first week. Adding latanoprost to the eyes treated with timolol as well as timolol to the eyes receiving latanoprost gave a further reduction of 2.6 (1.1) mm Hg (13%) and 2.6 (2.2) mm Hg (14%), respectively. Only mild transient hyperaemia was observed in patients receiving latanoprost. The results indicate that latanoprost and timolol can be combined successfully and that complete or almost complete additivity is reached even at pressure levels below 20 mm Hg.
Modern Chromatographic Methods for the Analysis of Carbohydrate Mixtures (1982)

Abstract Three types of chromatographic methods for the analysis of sugar mixtures are reviewed: HPLC methods and improved separations through the use of cation exchange resins in the silver form; the GLC separation of sugars as their TMS derivatives and application to sugar mixtures not readily amenable to analysis by HPLC; GLC separation of the TMS derivatives of sugar oximes. Thus if both HPLC and GLC equipment are available, the method of choice may largely depend on the nature of the sample.
<i>In vitro</i> regeneration of chlorophyll chimeras in tomato (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i>) (1981)

Explants of hypocotyl, cotyledon, and hypocotyl-derived calli of homozygous (xa-2/xa-2) green, heterozygous (Xa-2/xa-2) yellow–green, and homozygous (Xa-2/Xa-2) albino seedlings of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. were induced to regenerate plants in vitro on Murashige-Skoog agar medium. Approximately 10–15% of the regenerants obtained from cultures of heterozygous individuals were of the variegated type. Homozygous lines green (xa-2/xa-2) and albino (Xa-2/Xa-2) however, did not regenerate any chimeral plants.
Surface Passivation of Highly and Lowly Doped p-Type Silicon Surfaces with PECVD Al2O3 for Industrially Applicable Solar Cell Concepts (2011)

Several aspects of the suitability of PECVD Al2O3 deposition process for solar cell mass production are reported. Among them the throughput, the firing stability, the homogeneity and the repeatability of the process quality have been investigated. Additionally a carrier lifetime higher than 1 ms has been obtained after firing for a layer of only 10 nm combined with a SiNx capping layer. The latter allows an interesting compromise between a low consumption of expensive precursors and a high passivation quality. PECVD Al2O3 has also been studied, in order to offer an industrially suitable solution for the passivation of boron-doped emitters of n-type solar cells. An emitter saturation current density as low as 36 fA cm-2 has been obtained on a 90 Ω/sq emitter with a surface concentration of 7 1019 cm-3, which correspondents to a surface recombination velocity of only 350 cm s-1.
Quantifying touch–feel perception: tribological aspects (2008)

We report a new investigation into how surface topography and friction affect human touch-feel perception.In contrast with previous work based on micro-scale mapping of surface mechanical and tribological properties, this investigation focuses on the direct measurement of the friction generated when a fingertip is stroked on a test specimen.A special friction apparatus was built for the in-situ testing, based on a linear flexure mechanism with both contact force and frictional force measured simultaneously.Ten specimens, already independently assessed in a 'perception clinic', with materials including natural wood, leather, engineered plastics and metal were tested and the results compared with the perceived rankings.Because surface geometrical features are suspected to play a significant role in perception, a second set of samples, all of one material were prepared and tested in order to minimise the influence of properties such as hardness and thermal conductivity.To minimise subjective effects, all specimens were also tested in a roller-on-block configuration based upon the same friction apparatus, with the roller materials being steel, brass and rubber.This paper reports the detailed design and instrumentation of the friction apparatus, the experimental set up and the friction test results.Attempts have been made to correlate the measured properties and the perceived feelings for both roughness and friction.The results show that the measured roughness and friction coefficient both have a strong correlation with the rough-smooth and grippy-slippery feelings.
Outlook for the Entertainment Industry (1949)

braces many varied forms of activity today. From the standpoint of annual gross revenues, it can probably be ranked as one of our major industries, and the number of securities related to this diverse business is steadily growing. An important feature of this business is the fact that in both good times or bad the American public likes to be entertained, with the result that certain divisions, particularly motion pictures, have been characterized as being relatively depression-proof. For the purpose of this discussion and without going into all the ramifications of this broad industry, we will consider only the general background and characteristics of the leading divisions, namely: motion pictures, radio and television broadcasting, as well as the manufacturers of this equipment.
The severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic in mainland China dissected (2011)

This paper provides a review of a recently published series of studies that give a detailed and comprehensive documentation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in mainland China, which severely struck the country in the spring of 2003. The epidemic spanned a large geographical extent but clustered in two areas: first in Guangdong Province, and about 3 months later in Beijing with its surrounding areas. Reanalysis of all available epidemiological data resulted in a total of 5327 probable cases of SARS, of whom 343 died. The resulting case fatality ratio (CFR) of 6.4% was less than half of that in other SARS-affected countries or areas, and this difference could only partly be explained by younger age of patients and higher number of community acquired infections. Analysis of the impact of interventions demonstrated that strong political commitment and a centrally coordinated response was the most important factor to control SARS in mainland China, whereas the most stringent control measures were all initiated when the epidemic was already dying down. The long-term economic consequence of the epidemic was limited, much consumption was merely postponed, but for Beijing irrecoverable losses to the tourist sector were considerable. An important finding from a cohort study was that many former SARS patients currently suffer from avascular osteonecrosis, as a consequence of the treatment with corticosteroids during their infection. The SARS epidemic provided valuable information and lessons relevant in controlling outbreaks of newly emerging infectious diseases, and has led to fundamental reforms of the Chinese health system. In particular, a comprehensive nationwide internet-based disease reporting system was established.
Diagnostic ultrasound : a logical approach : on CD-ROM (1997)

This CD-ROM is a practical guide to applications of ultrasound. It contains the full text and illustrations of McGahan's and Goldberg's book, Diagnostic Ultrasound: A Logical Approach, plus 30 minutes of narrated videoclips of real-time ultrasound scans and colour Doppler ultrasound scans. Coverage encompasses ultrasound of all anatomic regions, as well as obstetric, gynaecologic and paediatric ultrasound, Doppler, endoscopic ultrasound, ultrasound-guided invasive procedures, intraoperative ultrasound, three-dimensional ultrasound, and newer adaptations of ultrasound. The presentation guides the user systematically through the examination, differential diagnosis and diagnosis. Users have instant access to more than 2400 images, including full-colour scans, as well as to possible diagnoses, lists of differential diagnostic points, and flow diagrams of key steps in the diagnostic decision-making process. Interactive questions for each topic are also included.
On the Tradeoff Between Response and Preemption Costs in a Foreground-Background Computer Service Discipline (1969)

In computer operating systems where background jobs must occasionally be preempted in order to run high priority jobs, it is generally the case that efficient operation and rapid response to the high priority jobs are conflicting objectives. In this short paper a preemption scheme in which a delay is introduced is shown to provide the designer with the ability to trade off these two performance measures to any desired degree. A mathematical model is developed and results are derived for the mean high priority waiting time and a measure of operating efficiency. The paper concludes with a discussion of examples designed to illustrate how the above performance measures interact as a function of system parameters.
A probabilistic DBNN with applications to sensor fusion and object recognition (2002)

Given an input vector x, a classifier is supposed to tell which class is most likely to have produced it. Thus most data classifiers are designed to have K output nodes corresponding to K classes, {w/sub i/: i=1,...,K}. When pattern classes are clearly separated, this kind of data classifier usually performs very well. A specific model is the decision-based neural network (DBNN), which is effective in many signal/image classification applications. This is particularly the case when pattern classes are clearly separable. However, for those applications which have complex pattern distribution with two or more classes overlapping in pattern space, the traditional DBNN may not be effective or appropriate. For such applications, it is preferable to adopt a probabilistic classifier. In this paper, we develop a new probabilistic variant of the DBNN, which is meant for better estimate probability density functions corresponding to different pattern classes. For this purpose, new learning rules for probabilistic DBNN are derived. In experiments on face databases, we have observed noticeable improvement in various performance measures such as recognition accuracies and, in particular, false acceptance/rejection rates. Taking advantage of probabilistic output values of the DBNN, we construct a multiple sensor fusion system for object classification. In a sense, it represents an extension of the traditional hierarchical structure of DBNN.
Cache-coherent distributed shared memory: perspectives on its development and future challenges (1999)

Distributed shared memory is an architectural approach that allows multiprocessors to support a single shared address space that is implemented with physically distributed memories. Hardware-supported distributed shared memory is becoming the dominant approach for building multiprocessors with moderate to large numbers of processors. Cache coherence allows such architectures to use caching to take advantage of locality in applications without changing the programmer's model of memory. We review the key developments that led to the creation of cache-coherent distributed shared memory and describe the Stanford DASH multiprocessor, the first working implementation of hardware-supported scalable cache coherence. We then provide a perspective on such architectures and discuss important remaining technical challenges.
A REVIEW ON THE CHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF GENUS<i>BERBERIS</i> (1975)

The Genus Berberis is very commonly used in the indigenous system of medicine. The alkaloids obtained from this genus have been listed and the chemistry of the new alkaloids have been discussed. Pharmacology of berbamine and crude extracts of berberis species is also given.