gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer of Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Can Prevent Photoreceptor Degeneration in the Retinal Degeneration ( <i>rd</i> ) Mouse (1997)

Mutations in the beta-subunit of the cGMP phosphodiesterase gene (betaPDE) can cause photoreceptor degeneration leading to blindness in humans, dogs, and mice. Since intravitreal administration of trophic factors has been shown to reduce photoreceptor death in the Royal College of Surgeons rat and the light overexposure models of photoreceptor degeneration, we have tested the possibility of rescuing photoreceptors in the rd mouse using ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). Following intravitreal injection of an adenoviral vector encoding a ngf/cntf fusion gene into one eye of rd/rd mice, many strong CNTF-immunoreactive profiles are detected in various cell types of the injected eyes. Semiquantitative analysis of the corresponding retinae reveals that the photoreceptor-containing layer (outer nuclear layer, or ONL) retains significantly more rows of photoreceptor nuclei than that of eyes treated with a control (LacZ) vector, or untreated, for at least 18 days after vector administration (the longest survival time analyzed). A smaller, but significant, protective effect was also seen 9 days after intravitreal injection of recombinant CNTF. Because apoptotic cell death has been shown to be the common terminal fate of photoreceptors in the rd mouse and many other animal models of retinitis pigmentosa, these results suggest the possibility that administration of neurotrophic factors may prove beneficial in reducing photoreceptor loss in multiple forms of retinitis pigmentosa.
Measurements of the surface microroughness with the scanning electron microscope (2009)

A three-dimensional reconstruction system for scanning electron microscope consisting of a quadruple scintillator detector, a four-channel frame-grabber and PC-based processing unit was developed. The authors explored a method that takes advantage of the angular distribution of secondary electron emission to obtain quantitative topography contrast and surface profiles. Software processing algorithms were developed to carry out the reconstruction process and compensate for several types of errors, inherent in the method. After pre-calibration, the system allows obtaining surface topography with calculation of microroughness and waviness statistical parameters. The roughness estimation procedure was tested on metal roughness standards for machining and etched silicon surfaces. The main advantages of the system are almost real-time operation and reliable, composition-independent reconstruction for a broad class of materials.
Relative flatness measurement of uncoated optical flats (1975)

A method is described for measuring the relative flatness of uncoated precision optical flats to lambda/1000. The method uses scanning interferometry and can be made automatic fairly readily.
New Durable Sealant of Telechelic Polyacrylate (2006)

Abstract In this paper, we discuss the application possibilities of a novel telechelic acrylic polymer (NTP) which we have been developing as a versatile base polymer for sealants and adhesives. Due to its unique features, our NTP is expected to offer a variety of applications, including the one for sealants applied in contact with self-cleaning glass (SCG). Our discussion here focuses on the possibilities of this particular application. SCG possesses a photocatalyst layer which enables two reactions, i.e., lessening the contact angle of the glass surface and decomposing organic compounds on the glass surface, by reacting with sunlight. The reactions help wash off dust from the glass surface, mainly by rainwater, to maintain the clearness and beauty of the glass used for building windows in particular. Conventional sealants for this application often lack sufficient weatherability or risk, or a combination thereof contaminating the glass surface causing hydrophobicity. The NTP sealants, on the other hand, has no surface-polluting substances such as a low-molecular-weight silicone often contained in silicone sealants, while maintaining high weatherability. We have conducted our research to study the weatherability of the NTP sealants on SCG and the possible contamination of the SCG surface by the sealants. Our studies have found that the NTP sealants retain good adhesiveness after more than 10 000 h of exposure to UV irradiation (in a Super Xenon Weather Meter) at the interface between the sealant and the glass. We also have found almost no contamination on the SCG surface by the NTP sealants, demonstrated by the results of our tests conducted to measure the contact angles of sealant samples to the glass, through outdoor exposure for about two months.
Two‐Dimensional Electrophoresis of Cerebrospinal Fluid and Ventricular Fluid Proteins, Identification of Enriched and Unique Proteins, and Comparison with Serum (1984)

The proteins of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and ventricular fluid have been analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) and the patterns compared with autologous serum. Fourteen proteins were specifically identified by immunoprecipitation followed by 2DE, or by blotting 2DE gels to nitrocellulose and detection by peroxidase staining. Proteins in CSF and serum with high and low affinity for the ligands, protein A, Cibacron Blue, and concanavalin A, were also characterized by 2DE. The 2DE profiles of CSF and serum proteins were similar and indicated that a relatively nonselective filtration mechanism based on protein size is the major determinant for the overall pattern of CSF proteins. The classic CSF-enriched or CSF-specific proteins, beta-trace, prealbumin, transferrin, and beta-2-microglobulin, were identified according to 2DE coordinates. Charge differences between CSF and serum for transferrin and prealbumin were identified. In addition, a large number of additional CSF-enriched or CSF-specific proteins of high, intermediate, and low molecular weight, all predominantly anodic in mobility, were identified. Three acidic protein complexes, heterogeneous in charge and molecular weight, were characterized as constituents of normal CSF, and two of these are increased in patients with inflammatory diseases of the CNS. All three proteins and several other proteins unique to CSF bound to Cibacron Blue-Sepharose. The use of 2DE in conjunction with affinity chromatography and sensitive protein stains enlarged the number of proteins previously identified as unique to CSF. By a modified 2DE and silver staining procedure, most of these proteins were visible without prior concentration of CSF.
Single Cigar-Shaped Nanopores Functionalized with Amphoteric Amino Acid Chains: Experimental and Theoretical Characterization (2012)

We present an experimental and theoretical characterization of single cigar-shaped nanopores with pH-responsive carboxylic acid and lysine chains functionalized on the pore surface. The nanopore characterization includes (i) optical images of the nanostructure obtained by FESEM; (ii) different chemical procedures for the nanopore preparation (etching time and functionalizations; pH and electrolyte concentration of the external solution) allowing externally tunable nanopore responses monitored by the current-voltage (I-V) curves; and (iii) transport simulations obtained with a multilayer nanopore model. We show that a single, approximately symmetric nanopore can be operated as a reconfigurable diode showing different rectifying behaviors by applying chemical and electrical signals. The remarkable characteristics of the new nanopore are the sharp response observed in the I-V curves, the improved tunability (with respect to previous designs of symmetric nanopores) which is achieved because of the direct external access to the nanostructure mouths, and the broad range of rectifying properties. The results concern both fundamental concepts useful for the understanding of transport processes in biological systems (ion channels) and applications relevant for tunable nanopore technology (information processing and drug controlled release).
Surface Barrier in Type-II Superconductors (1964)

The interaction between a flux thread (quantized, fluxenclosing, supercurrent vortex) and the specimen surfuce of a semi-infinite type-II superconductor with a flux thread within it lying parallel to the single plane surface is considered to determine any low-field hysteresis in the magnetization curves of well-annealed, single-phase specimens. (R.E.U.)
Plasmids in the Genus Bifidobacterium (1982)

A total of 1461 bacterial isolates, representing 24 different species of the genus Bifidobacterium, were examined for the presence of plasmid DNA. Approximately 20% of the isolates contained detectable plasmids, but only four species were presented: B. longum, the predominant bifid species in the human intestine; B. globosum, the most common in animals; and B. asteroides and B. indicum, species found exclusively in the intestines of western and asiatic honey bees, respectively. Multiple plasmids were common among isolates of B. longum and B. asteroides, while all plasmid-bearing isolates of B. globosum and 60% of B. indicum isolates contained only one plasmid each. Certain multiple plasma profiles were predominant among the B. longum and B. asteroides isolates.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of New-Generation Taxoids (2008)

Novel second-generation taxoids with systematic modifications at the C2, C10, and C3'N positions were synthesized and their structure-activity relationships studied. A number of these taxoids exhibited exceptionally high potency against multidrug-resistant cell lines, and several taxoids exhibited virtually no difference in potency against the drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cell lines. These exceptionally potent taxoids were termed "third-generation taxoids". 19 (SB-T-1214), 14g (SB-T-121303), and 14i (SB-T-1213031) exhibited excellent activity against paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines with mutations in beta-tubulin as well, wherein the drug resistance is mediated by the beta-tubulin mutation. These taxoids were found to possess exceptional activity in promoting tubulin assembly, forming numerous very short microtubules similar to those formed by discodermolide. Taxoids 19 and 14g also showed excellent cytotoxicity against four pancreatic cancer cell lines, expressing three to four multidrug-resistant genes. Moreover, taxoid 19 exhibited excellent in vivo efficacy against highly drug-resistant CFPAC-1 pancreatic as well as DLD-1 human colon tumor xenografts in mice.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Ordered Porous Zirconias from Surfactant‐Controlled Syntheses: Zirconium Oxide—Sulfate and Zirconium Oxo Phosphate. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Automated 5-plex fluorescent immunohistochemistry with tyramide signal amplification using antibodies from the same species (2015)

Meeting abstracts Immunohistochemical (IHC) detection of multiple antigens on the same tissue section represents a major unmet technological need in research and clinical diagnostics. While primary antibodies from different species have been used with differently labeled species-specific secondary
Conjugate direction methods for helmholtz problems with complex‐valued wavenumbers (1992)

Abstract The convergence behaviour of conjugate direction methods for Helmholtz problems with complex‐valued wavenumbers is studied. The model problem is a Galerkin discretization of the scalar Helmholtz equation on square arrays of 2D and 3D, C ° linear elements. A series of controlled experiments is performed which use the dimensionless wavenumber and the algebraic size of the system of equations to completely characterize the iterative performance of the solvers. The effects of algebraic size are examined as functions of both mesh refinement and mesh extension within the limits of present‐day workstation computing environments. A comparison is drawn between the conjugate direction methods investigated and the equivalent time‐domain solution obtained through explicit time‐stepping.
General optical limiting requirements (1998)

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the general unclassified requirements for optical limiting devices and materials that might be used to protect U.S. military personnel and equipment from damaging laser radiation. Many researchers who consider working in this area are not familiar with the basic requirements that the U.S. military have for any material or device that would be fielded. This paper will attempt to set a general guideline for researchers in the field.
Genetic rescue of cell number in a mouse model of microphthalmia:interactions between Chx10 and G1-phase cell cycle regulators (2003)

Insufficient cell number is a primary cause of failed retinal development in the Chx10 mutant mouse. To determine if Chx10 regulates cell number by antagonizing p27(Kip1) activity, we generated Chx10, p27(Kip1) double null mice. The severe hypocellular defect in Chx10 single null mice is alleviated in the double null, and while Chx10-null retinas lack lamination, double null retinas have near normal lamination. Bipolar cells are absent in the double null retina, a defect that is attributable to a requirement for Chx10 that is independent of p27(Kip1). We find that p27(Kip1) is abnormally present in progenitors of Chx10-null retinas, and that its ectopic localization is responsible for a significant amount of the proliferation defect in this microphthalmia model system. mRNA and protein expression patterns in these mice and in cyclin D1-null mice suggest that Chx10 influences p27(Kip1) at a post-transcriptional level, through a mechanism that is largely dependent on cyclin D1. This is the first report of rescue of retinal proliferation in a microphthalmia model by deletion of a cell cycle regulatory gene.
Optimal manufacturing flow to determine minumum operating voltage (2011)

A technique to optimize power determines the minimum operating voltage during manufacturing testing on a per die basis. The die is then programmed to operate at the minimum voltage for the life of the die. Silicon results to evaluate the effectiveness of a variety of techniques to determine the minimum voltage of a die, in a manufacturing environment, are presented. Based on this we propose an adaptive hybrid test flow that is guaranteed to compute the minimum voltage while minimizing test time. Finally, sample data on power optimization achievable using power reduction is provided.
Pilodyn Evaluation of Treated Waferboard in Field Exposure (1988)

Samples of preservative-treated aspen waferboard exposed outdoors for 30 months were compared using pin penetrations of the 6-Joule Pilodyn. These results correlated well with rankings of treatment performance based on more laborious standard mechanical tests, and demonstrate the potential for use of the Pilodyn as a tool to evaluate wood composites in test exposures with minimal destruction.
Femtosecond ultraviolet laser pulse induced lightning discharges in gases (1995)

Ultraviolet pulses of 200 fs duration and low energy (/spl ap/0.2 mJ) have a sufficiently high peak power to ionize oxygen and nitrogen by three- and four-photon ionization, respectively. It is shown that the resultant ionization channel induces a lightning like discharge at half of the natural self-breakdown voltage in nitrogen or air. The laser triggered discharging process is studied by monitoring the voltage between two planar electrodes. The effects of oxygen on the induced breakdown is investigated. A complete theoretical model is presented to simulate: (1) the electron seeding; and (2) the evolution of the plasma of electron-ion in the applied field. The results of the theory verified by small scale experiments-are used to simulate the process of laser triggered lightning in atmosphere, and helps to define the parameters of a laser system for lightning protection.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chemoembolization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2003)

Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version.
Preparation of Ammoniated Sugar Beet Pulp and Corn Silage (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of Ammoniated Sugar Beet Pulp and Corn SilageH. C. MillarCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1941, 33, 2, 274–278Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50374a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50374a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views31Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Polyurethane Energy Absorbing Foams for Automotive Applications (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The use of rigid polyurethane (PU) foams in automobiles for energy management applications is not a new concept. It is well documented that its low density, moldability, and energy absorbing characteristics have had advantages for use in knee bolsters, door panel bolsters, steering wheel columns, head-rests, instrument panels, and other interior as well as exterior automotive applications.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Developing an “ideal” energy absorber, one that produces a square wave when both dynamically impacted and statically crushed, thus maximizing the energy absorption, is the goal of energy management. This ideal energy absorber would minimize the amount of vehicle occupant compartment space loss by reducing the energy absorbing bolster size required to decrease the impact loads imparted on the occupants during a collision.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">When considering polyurethane rigid foams for energy absorbing materials, elimination of CFCs or HCFCs (hydrochlorofluorocarbons) has become an environmental and economic necessity. BASF Corporation's Urethane Applications Development Group in Wyandotte, Michigan has developed new CFC-free, water blown, low density, rigid, Energy Absorbing (EA) polyurethane foams to accomplish these goals. They are unique in their ability to efficiently absorb energy during an impact, rather than storing it as potential energy and then transferring this potential energy to the occupant which could increase the probability of injury.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The high efficiency of these energy absorbing foams minimizes interior space loss compared to other EA materials by reducing part size. These low density foams can be molded efficiently into a variety of shapes using existing PU processing equipment. This paper describes the development, properties, and processing of these new PU foams.</div>
Performance directed synthesis for table look up programmable gate arrays (2002)

The authors address the problem of delay optimization for programmable gate arrays. The main considerations are the number of levels in the circuit and the wiring delay. The authors propose a two-phase approach: the first phase involves delay optimizations during logic synthesis before placement, while the second uses logic resynthesis in the case of a timing-driven placement technique. Results and comparisons on benchmarks are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Offline dictionary-based compression (1999)

Dictionary-based modelling is the mechanism used in many practical compression schemes. We use the full message (or a large block of it) to infer a complete dictionary in advance, and include an explicit representation of the dictionary as part of the compressed message. Intuitively, the advantage of this offline approach is that with the benefit of having access to all of the message, it should be possible to optimize the choice of phrases so as to maximize compression performance. Indeed, we demonstrate that very good compression can be attained by an offline method without compromising the fast decoding that is a distinguishing characteristic of dictionary-based techniques. Several nontrivial sources of overhead, in terms of both computation resources required to perform the compression, and bits generated into the compressed message, have to be carefully managed as part of the offline process. To meet this challenge, we have developed a novel phrase derivation method and a compact dictionary encoding. In combination these two techniques produce the compression scheme RE-PAIR, which is highly efficient, particularly in decompression.
Thioureas (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThioureasDorothy Chynoweth SchroederCite this: Chem. Rev. 1955, 55, 1, 181–228Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr50001a005https://doi.org/10.1021/cr50001a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2205Altmetric-Citations164LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Detection of static salient objects based on visual attention and edge features (2013)

Object detection algorithm based on the traditional saliency map often has problems of unable to locate and extract static salient objects precisely, besides, the position located does not coincide with the actual size of the object. In order to solve these problems, an improved algorithm of static salient objects detection is proposed in this paper, which combines visual attention mechanism with the edge information. First, coarse detection is realized according to an improved saliency map, then fine detection is implemented through edge detection by wavelet transform. Finally, mathematical logic operations are performed on the above two saliency maps, thus making the location and extraction of the static salient objects more accurately than traditional methods. Experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method.