gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of seasons, different plant parts, and plant growth stages on saponin quantity and distribution in Bacopa monnieri (2011)

Brahmi or Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. is becoming popular as a food supplement due to its enhancing effect onmemory and intellect. Previous studies showed that a group of saponins are active compounds in this plant. However, untilnow little evidence has been obtained to indicate whether saponins are consistently present throughout the plant growthstages or the compounds are affected by the seasons. In order to answer those questions, we cultivated Brahmi under thenet house in three seasons. Influence of plant growth stages on saponin quantity and distribution was also investigated.In each season, treatments were plant ages with different plant parts having a factorial completely randomized design with 3replications. Five saponins, i.e. bacoside A3, bacopaside II, bacopaside X, bacopasaponin C and bacopaside I, were analyzedusing HPLC and reported as total saponins.The results showed that total saponin contents in Brahmi were the highest in rainy season while the weight yield ofBrahmi was the highest in summer. Ages of Brahmi (1-4 months) slightly affected total saponin content. High level of totalsaponins (1.91±0.48% w/w) was detected at the shoot of Brahmi. These findings indicate that the saponin quantity is affectedby seasons and the distribution of the saponins is different in each part of the plant. This information will be beneficial tothe production of Brahmi for both household and industry
Experiments Directed toward the Total Synthesis of Terpenes. IV. The Synthesis of (±)-Sandaracopimaradiene and (±)-Pimaradiene<sup>1,2</sup> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExperiments Directed toward the Total Synthesis of Terpenes. IV. The Synthesis of (±)-Sandaracopimaradiene and (±)-Pimaradiene1,2Robert E. Ireland and Peter W. SchiessCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 1, 6–16Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01036a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01036a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views389Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
www.saretik.net/ostadarra (2006)

2.200 ikasle baino gehiagoren lanekin osatutako gunea. Helburu nagusia da IKTak curriculum barruan sartzea. Horretarako, testu generoak landu dituzte, ikasle etorkinen kultura aintzat hartuta. Prozesuan IKTak erabiltzen ikasi dute irakasleek zein ikasleek. 
“Ez sartu informatika ikastarotan, ez galdu denbora”. Bilboko Berritzeguneko IKT aholkulariaren hitzak dira. “Photoshop ikastaroa amaitzen duzunerako, ahaztu zaizu nola arraio sartu argazki bat eskolako aldizkarian. Prozesuak justu kontrakoa izan behar du: eguneroko behar konkretu horiei erantzun ahala ikasi behar dugu IKTak erabiltzen”. 
Filosofia horretan oinarrituta sortu dute Ostadarra proiektua: 200 irakaslek eta 2.200 ikaslek baino gehiagok elkarlanean osatutako web orria. Zeure gelak ere egin dezake ekarpena. Proiektuaren helburua testu generoak lantzea da, ikasgelako kultur aniztasuna ere aintzat hartuta. Prozesuan, gainera, IKTak erabiltzen ikasten da, modu erabat funtzionalean. Haur eta Lehen Hezkuntzako irakasleei eta beren ikastaldeei zuzenduta dago.
Abundance of type I toxin–antitoxin systems in bacteria: searches for new candidates and discovery of novel families (2010)

Small, hydrophobic proteins whose synthesis is repressed by small RNAs (sRNAs), denoted type I toxin-antitoxin modules, were first discovered on plasmids where they regulate plasmid stability, but were subsequently found on a few bacterial chromosomes. We used exhaustive PSI-BLAST and TBLASTN searches across 774 bacterial genomes to identify homologs of known type I toxins. These searches substantially expanded the collection of predicted type I toxins, revealed homology of the Ldr and Fst toxins, and suggested that type I toxin-antitoxin loci are not spread by horizontal gene transfer. To discover novel type I toxin-antitoxin systems, we developed a set of search parameters based on characteristics of known loci including the presence of tandem repeats and clusters of charged and bulky amino acids at the C-termini of short proteins containing predicted transmembrane regions. We detected sRNAs for three predicted toxins from enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, and showed that two of the respective proteins indeed are toxic when overexpressed. We also demonstrated that the local free-energy minima of RNA folding can be used to detect the positions of the sRNA genes. Our results suggest that type I toxin-antitoxin modules are much more widely distributed among bacteria than previously appreciated.
Study of anthranilate synthase function by replacement of cysteine 84 using site-directed mutagenesis. (1985)

Cysteine 84 was replaced by glycine in Serratia marcescens anthranilate synthase Component II using site-directed mutagenesis of cloned trpG. This replacement abolished the glutamine-dependent anthranilate synthase activity but not the NH3-dependent activity of the enzyme. The mutation provides further evidence for the role of active site cysteine 84 in the glutamine amide transfer function of anthranilate synthase Component II. By the criteria of circular dichroism, proteolytic inactivation, and feedback inhibition the mutant and wild type enzymes were structurally similar. The NH3-dependent anthranilate synthase activity of the mutant enzyme supported tryptophan synthesis in media containing a high concentration of ammonium ion.
Una mirada a los Parques Nacionales en el mundo. Caso: Parques nacionales en Venezuela y en el Estado Mérida (2011)

Los Parques Nacionales (PNs) son grandes extensiones de territorio protegidas por leyes nacionales y convenios internacionales para conservar recursos naturales y garantizar el bienestar socioeconomico en cada pais. Los PNs representan atractivos turisticos debido al caracter virginal de sus paisajes, lo cual ha derivado en una actividad economica generadora de ingresos para la region. No obstante, ante el riesgo de abuso de estos espacios naturales, se debe contar con politicas socioambientales que promuevan un turismo sostenible. El objetivo de las investigaciones documentales y de campo que originaron este articulo, fue identificar los PNs en el mundo y especialmente en Venezuela y el estado Merida. Este estudio es la primera fase de una investigacion mas amplia que aspira en proximas avances, determinar algunas estrategias que favorezcan su desarrollo sostenible. Se determino que Venezuela es una de las diez naciones con mas diversidad biologica contando con cuarenta y tres PNs (cuatro en el Estado Merida). Esta suerte de naturaleza confiere una significativa importancia y ventaja a este pais, pues los sistemas de parques proveen proteccion a especies en extincion –floristicas y faunicas— y sirven para resguardar las cuencas hidrograficas proveedoras de agua potable, de tal manera que los programas y politicas orientadas a la conservacion de estos espacios deben contener ciertos principios de adopcion universal. Palabras Claves Parques Nacionales, Turismo sostenible. Asbtract A look at the National Parks in the world. Case. National Parks in Venezuela and Merida State. The National Parks (NPs) are large extensions of territory protected by national laws and international treaties in order to conserve natural resources and guarantee the socioeconomic welfare in each country. The NPs represent touristic destinations due to the virginity of their landscapes, circumstance that has resulted in an income-generating activity; therefore, there must be social-environmental policies that promote a sustainable tourism. The documentary and field researches that originate this paper, identified the NPs in the world, then in other research to determine strategies that ensure its sustainable development, and also showed that Venezuela is one of the ten nations with more biological diversity, it up forty-three PNs and PNs Merida has four, which confers a significant importance to NPs in this country. The parks systems provide protection to endangered species –floristic and faunal –, and are useful to protect the hydrographic watersheds, suppliers of potable water; in consequence, the programs and policies oriented to preserve this spaces must contain certain principles of universal adoption. Key Words National Parks, Sustainable tourism.
Compositional model checking (2003)

A method is described for reducing the complexity of temporal logic model checking in systems composed of many parallel processes. The goal is to check properties of the components of a system and then deduce global properties from these local properties. The main difficulty with this type of approach is that local properties are often not preserved at the global level. The authors present a general framework for using additional interface processes to model the environment for a component. These interface processes are typically much simpler than the full environment of the component. By composing a component with its interface processes and then checking properties of this composition, the authors can guarantee that these properties will be preserved at the global level. They give two example compositional systems based on the logic CTL.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Noninvasive quantification of axon radii using diffusion MRI (2020)

Axon caliber plays a crucial role in determining conduction velocity and, consequently, in the timing and synchronization of neural activation. Noninvasive measurement of axon radii could have significant impact on the understanding of healthy and diseased neural processes. Until now, accurate axon radius mapping has eluded in vivo neuroimaging, mainly due to a lack of sensitivity of the MRI signal to micron-sized axons. Here, we show how - when confounding factors such as extra-axonal water and axonal orientation dispersion are eliminated - heavily diffusion-weighted MRI signals become sensitive to axon radii. However, diffusion MRI is only capable of estimating a single metric, the effective radius, representing the entire axon radius distribution within a voxel that emphasizes the larger axons. Our findings, both in rodents and humans, enable noninvasive mapping of critical information on axon radii, as well as resolve the long-standing debate on whether axon radii can be quantified.
Examination of the effect of histodil prophylaxis in infarction patients with inhibited haemostasis. (1990)

The initiation of anticoagulants and drugs with platelet aggregation inhibiting properties is justified for the treatment of myocardial infarction in a great number of conditions. The well-known complications of this therapy are gastro-intestinal haemorrhage and the concomitant discomfort. In the period from 1983 to 1986 Histodil was given as adjuvant to therapy for infarction patients with ulcer, gastro-intestinal haemorrhage, hyperacidity or other epigastric burn-pain syndrome in history. The patients treated at our department between 1979-82 had not received Histodil for this purpose. According to the retrospective examinations the preventive effect of Histodil prophylaxis was 100%. Therefore the drug may be recommended to myocardial infarction patients in whom the inhibition of haemostasis means an increased risk of gastro-intestinal alteration.
TeratoScore: Assessing the Differentiation Potential of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells by Quantitative Expression Analysis of Teratomas (2015)

Teratoma formation is the gold standard assay for testing the capacity of human pluripotent stem cells to differentiate into all embryonic germ layers. Although widely used, little effort has been made to transform this qualitative assay into a quantitative one. Using gene expression data from a wide variety of cells, we created a scorecard representing tissues from all germ layers and extraembryonic tissues. TeratoScore, an online, open-source platform based on this scorecard, distinguishes pluripotent stem cell-derived teratomas from malignant tumors, translating cell potency into a quantitative measure (http://benvenisty.huji.ac.il/teratoscore.php). The teratomas used for the algorithm also allowed us to examine gene expression differences between tumors with a diploid karyotype and those initiated by aneuploid cells. Chromosomally aberrant teratomas show a significantly different gene expression signature from that of teratomas originating from diploid cells, particularly in central nervous system-specific genes, congruent with human chromosomal syndromes.
ChemInform Abstract: Homogeneous Gas‐Phase Decyclization of Tetralin and Benzocyclobutene. (1990)

Abstract Tetralin is decomposed in single pulse shock tube experiments in the temp. range of 1000‐1400 K. The initial unimolecular decomposition channels involve the formation of benzocyclobutene and o‐allyltoluene.
Bibliographie (1993)

OUVRAGES ROUDIÉ, (Ph.). Vignobles et vignerons du Bordelais, (1850-1980). CNRS, 1988. ROUDIÉ, (Ph.). "Eyrans". Les Cahiers du Vitrezais, no 59/XLV. Février 1987. ARCHIVES La plupart des archives consultées étaient municipales 1) Dénombrements de la population Liste nominative de 1821 (Archives Dép.) Liste nominative de 1856 Liste nominative de 1872 Liste nominative de 1881 En mairie : Liste nominative de 1896 Liste nominative de 1901 Liste nominative de 1906 Liste nominative de 1911 Liste nom...
Introduction (1999)

One hot summer day in 1935, federal relief administrator Harry Hopkins presented his plan for alleviating the effects of the Great Depression to a group of shirt-sleeved Iowa farmers, not noted for their liberal ideas. As Hopkins began to describe how government-sponsored jobs on public projects would provide both wages for the unemployed and a stimulus for foundering businesses, a voice shouted out the question that was on everyone's mind: "Who's going to pay for all that?" Hopkins, with his characteristic flair for the dramatic, slowly took off his coat and tie, rolled up his sleeves, and looked out at the now-fascinated audience sitting outside on the Iowa University campus. Everyone knew the extent of Hopkins' influence in Washington. He spoke for the president. "You are," Hopkins shouted, "and who better? Who can better afford to pay for it? Look at this great university. Look at these fields, these forests and rivers. This is America, the richest country in the world. We can afford to pay for anything we want. And we want a decent life for all the people in this country. And we are going to pay for it."1 Ever optimistic as to the future of America, even during the dark days of the Great Depression, Hopkins was convinced that there was no good reason "for any American to be destitute, to be illiterate, to be reduced by the bondage of [unemployment and poverty] into either political or economic impotence."2KeywordsYork CityGreat DepressionAmerican WorkerDecent LifePension ProgramThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
A Study of Intentional Voice Modifications for Evading Automatic Speaker Recognition (2006)

We investigate the effect of intentional voice modifications on a state-of-the-art speaker recognition system. The investigation includes data collection, where normal and changed voices are collected from subjects conversing by telephone. For comparison purposes, it also includes an evaluation framework similar to that for NIST extended-data speaker recognition. Results show that the state-of-the-art system gives nearly perfect recognition performance in a clean condition using normal voices. Using the threshold from this condition, it falsely rejects 39% of subjects who change their voices during testing. However, this can be improved to 9% if a threshold from the changed-voice testing condition is used. We also compare machine performance with human performance from a pilot listening experiment. Results show that machine performance is comparable to human performance when normal voices are used for both training and testing. However, the machine outperforms humans when changed voices are used for testing. In general, the results show vulnerability in both humans and speaker recognition systems to changed voices, and suggest a potential for collaboration between human analysts and automatic speaker recognition systems to address this phenomenon
Dynamics of BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations in chronic myeloid leukemia after sequential treatment with multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitors (2007)

Dasatinib and nilotinib are potent tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with activity against many imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) clones with BCR-ABL kinase domain (KD) mutations, except T315I. We assessed for changes in the BCR-ABL KD mutation status in 112 patients with persistent CML who received a second-generation TKI after imatinib failure. Sixty-seven different KD mutations were detected before the start of therapy with a second TKI, with T315I seen in 15%. Equal numbers of patients received nilotinib or dasatinib following imatinib, and 18 received 3 TKIs. Response rates were similar for patients with and without mutations, regardless of mutation site except for T315I. Overall, 29 patients (26%) developed new KD mutations after therapy with a second (n = 24) or third (n = 5) TKI, but only 4 (4%) developed T315I. In 73% of cases, the KD mutations that persisted or developed following switch to new TKI were at sites also found in prior in vitro TKI mutagenesis assays. Although there is only a mild increase in mutation frequency with sequential TKI treatment, novel mutations do occur and mutation regression/acquisition/persistence generally reflects the in vitro differential sensitivity predicted for each TKI. In this study, there was no marked increase in development of T315I.
Phosphate-Methylated DNA Aimed at HIV-1 RNA Loops and Integrated DNA Inhibits Viral Infectivity (1990)

Phosphate-methylated DNA hybridizes strongly and specifically to natural DNA and RNA. Hybridization to single-stranded and double-stranded DNA leads to site-selective blocking of replication and transcription. Phosphate-methylated DNA was used to interrupt the life cycle of the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Both antisense and sense phosphate-methylated DNA 20-nucleotide oligomers, targeted at the transactivator responsive region and the primer binding site, caused complete inhibition of viral infectivity at a low concentration. Hybridization of phosphate-methylated DNA with folded and unfolded RNA was studied by ultraviolet and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The combined results of hybridization studies and biological experiments suggest that the design of effective antisense phosphate-methylated DNA should focus on hairpin loop structures in the viral RNA. For sense systems, the 5' end of the integrated viral genome is considered to be the important target site.
Electronically Tunable Antenna Pair and Novel RF Front-End Architecture for Software-Defined Radios (2005)

This paper proposes a novel RF front-end architecture for software-defined radios (SDRs) based on an electronically tunable antenna pair controlled by an antenna control unit (ACU) consisting of field effect transistor (FET) switches and a field programmable gate array (FPGA). The fundamental gain-bandwidth limitations of electrically small antennas prevent a small antenna from having high efficiency and wide bandwidth simultaneously. In the age of miniaturization, especially in the wireless communication industries, a promising solution to this limitation is to introduce reconfigurable antennas that can be tuned electronically to different frequency bands with both high efficiency and narrow instantaneous bandwidth. This reconfigurable antenna technology not only simplifies current RF front-end architectures, but can be reprogrammed on demand to transmit and receive RF signals in any desired frequency band. This novel RF front-end architecture implemented by a reconfigurable antenna pair can help realize SDRs.
Partial least squares for discrimination (2003)

Abstract Partial least squares (PLS) was not originally designed as a tool for statistical discrimination. In spite of this, applied scientists routinely use PLS for classification and there is substantial empirical evidence to suggest that it performs well in that role. The interesting question is: why can a procedure that is principally designed for overdetermined regression problems locate and emphasize group structure? Using PLS in this manner has heurestic support owing to the relationship between PLS and canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and the relationship, in turn, between CCA and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). This paper replaces the heuristics with a formal statistical explanation. As a consequence, it will become clear that PLS is to be preferred over PCA when discrimination is the goal and dimension reduction is needed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human Endothelial Cell Cultures from Progenitor Cells Obtained by Leukapheresis (2000)

Although improved prosthetic graft patency with endothelial cell (EC) seeding has been shown in animal models, the clinical application of this technique requires a convenient source of ECs. We have evaluated EC cultures derived from the mononuclear cell (MNC) fraction obtained during large-volume leukapheresis and compared this with cultures grown from peripheral blood cells obtained by phlebotomy. Leukapheresis was performed in healthy adult volunteers (n = 7) using software designed to increase the percentage of MNCs harvested. Blood (40-293 mL) was drawn from a peripheral vein in healthy adult volunteers (n = 13), and the MNCs were obtained by differential centrifugation using a Lymphoprep gradient. Significantly more MNCs were obtained by leukapheresis than by phlebotomy. Each leukapheresis procedure yielded 12.5 to 23 mL, which contained 2.29 +/- 0.35 x 10(9) MNCs, compared with 2.16 +/- 0.50 x 10(8) MNCs, for each phlebotomy (P < 0.001). EC colonies developed in significantly more cultures from leukapheresis-derived MNCs (6 of 7) than phlebotomy-derived MNCs (4 of 13; P = 0.008). Leukapheresis-derived cells developed EC morphology at 15.5 +/- 2 days compared with 21 +/- 3.4 days for cells obtained by phlebotomy (P = not significant). EC were identified by positive factor VIII and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor immunostaining. Leukapheresis significantly increases the number of progenitor cells available for differentiation into EC compared with phlebotomy and avoids the need for any surgical procedure to harvest a peripheral vein as a direct source of ECs.