gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epidural clonidine, bupivacaine and methadone as the sole analgesic agent after thoracotomy for lung resection* (2004)

Thoracic epidural analgesia can effectively relieve post-thoracotomy pain but may also adversely affect pulmonary function. This randomised, prospective study compared the effects on pulmonary function of three different epidural analgesics (clonidine, bupivacaine and methadone). Forty-seven patients undergoing thoracotomy were treated postoperatively for 72 h with one of the study drugs. Doses were titrated to maintain visual analogue pain scale values below 4 out of 10. Throughout the postoperative period, reductions of up to 70% of the pre-operative value were observed in forced expiratory volume in 1 s, forced vital capacity and peak expiratory flow rate. Patients who received clonidine showed significantly faster recovery rates of forced expiratory variables compared to other patients, and by the third postoperative day significantly higher spirometry values (10-15%) were recorded in this group. As clonidine was the most effective drug in terms of preservation of pre-operative lung function, it may be clinically advantageous in post-thoracotomy patients.
Weight Regulation, Leptin and Growth Hormone (1997)

Leptin, the product of the adipose tissue-specific ob gene, is a newly recognized hormone involved in the regulation of metabolism and body composition. Leptin appears to provide information to the central nervous system on the amount of energy stored in the adipose tissue. Serum leptin levels are highly correlated with body fat mass in adults, children and newborns. Obese individuals have significantly higher circulating leptin than normal, lean subjects. In addition, females have higher serum leptin than males with equivalent fat mass. Although leptin correlates with fat mass, circulating concentrations are altered by extremes in energy intake, such as fasting and overfeeding. Defects in leptin or its receptor in the hypothalamus lead to the development of obesity in several rodent models; however, no such deleterious defects have been identified in humans to date. Taken together, these observations suggest that humans may be resistant to their endogenous leptin levels. Despite this, studies in rodents demonstrating that leptin administration can cause weight loss in both ob/ob mice, and in normal weight controls suggest that leptin may be useful in the treatment of human obesity. This review will summarize the current understanding of leptin and its role in the regulation of body composition. In addition, the interaction of leptin with other metabolic hormones including growth hormone will be discussed.
Channel width test data compression under a limited number of test inputs and outputs (2003)

A narrow channel width between a circuit under test and a tester increases the testing time. In this paper, we propose a channel width compression method when the channel width is limited. A given test sequence is partitioned into sub-sequences, whose widths can be compressed under the limited width. Each sub-sequence is compressed and expanded by a proposed dynamically re-configurable circuit located between the circuit under test and the tester. Since the hardware overhead depends on the number of partitions for a test sequence, a procedure to partition a given test sequence into a minimum number of sub-sequences under the channel width limitation is proposed. Experimental results show that our method can compress the width of a test sequence into a half through a quarter with a relatively small number of partitions.
B (1989)

baby bond (US). A bond with a nominal value lower than the conventional amount of $1000.
Comparison of dextran 40 with albumin and Ringer's lactate as components of perfusion prime for cardiopulmonary bypass in patients undergoing myocardial revascularization (1989)

A major expense for the conduct of cardiopulmonary bypass in many institutions is the cost of 5% albumin. Potential advantages in using dextran 40 as the colloid component of the priming solution for cardiopulmonary bypass include decreased cost and less viscosity in the microcirculation. Possible disadvantages include bleeding and anaphylactic reactions. From August 1985 to February 1986, 60 consecutive patients undergoing elective myocardial revascularization were prospectively randomized to receive either 5% albumin ( N = 29) or dextran 40 (N = 31) as the colloid component of the priming solution for cardiopulmonary bypass. Twenty matched patients also underwent revascularization with the prime consisting only of Ringer's lactate solution. There were no differences among the three groups for age, sex, size, crossclamp time, cardiopulmonary bypass time or number of coronary artery bypass grafts performed. In all three groups important postoperative changes were noted in platelet count, bleeding time, thrombin time, prothrombin time, fibrinogen and fibrin split products. Complement levels (C5a) were elevated in the dextran group (p = 0.03). Postoperative crystalloid (p = 0.04) and colloid (p = 0.0001 ) requirements were increased in the Ringer's lactate group and there was a significant weight gain (p = 0.0001). Colloid osmotic pressure was highest in the dextran group during (p = 0.0001) and after bypass (p = 0.001). There was no difference in clinical events and no hospital deaths. In conclusion, we found dextran to be a safe colloid for use as prime in uncomplicated coronary artery bypass grafting patients. The cost of dextran prime was substantially less than for albumin prime. A purely crystalloid prime is discouraged because of a tendency for fluid retention.
Inhibitory Anti-FLT3 Antibodies Are Capable of Mediating Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Reducing Engraftment of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Blasts in Nonobese Diabetic/Severe Combined Immunodeficient Mice (2005)

Aberrant FLT3 expression and/or mutation plays a significant role in leukemogenesis. This has prompted the development of selective small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors against FLT3. However, like most tyrosine kinase inhibitors, those against FLT3 are not completely specific and at the doses required to completely inhibit target, significant toxicities may occur. In addition, tyrosine kinase inhibitors for other kinases have been shown to select for cells that become resistant. To overcome some of these limitations we developed two fully human phage display monoclonal antibodies against FLT3 (IMC-EB10 and IMC-NC7). These antibodies inhibited ligand-mediated activation of wild-type FLT3 and constitutively activated mutant FLT3 and in most cell types affected downstream STAT5, AKT, and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. In addition to interfering with FLT3 signaling, IMC-EB10 and, to a significantly lesser extent, IMC-NC7 initiated antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity on FLT3-expressing cells. When IMC-EB10 was used in vivo to treat nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice given injections of primary FLT3/ITD acute myelogenous leukemia samples or myeloid cell lines with FLT3 expression, it significantly decreased engraftment of leukemic cells and increased survival, respectively. In contrast, IMC-EB10 treatment did not reduce engraftment of normal human CD34+ cord blood cells nor did it show any significant inhibition of normal murine hematopoiesis. Thus, these types of antibodies have the potential to be safe and effective new therapeutic agents for acute myelogenous leukemia and possibly other FLT3-expressing malignancies.
USABILITY FOR MOBILE COMMERCE ACROSS MULTIPLE FORM FACTORS (2002)

Current research on usability for mobile commerce has focused on single platforms and very limited aspects of commerce activities. We conducted an exploratory study to examine usability problems and to identify potential research questions concerning wireless solutions for consumer e-commerce. By using cognitive walkthrough and heuristic evaluation methods, we evaluated the usability of ten wireless sites in three platforms: WAP-enabled mobile phones, Palm OS based wireless PDAs, and Pocket PCs running Windows CE operating systems. This article discusses our usability findings pertaining to user tasks, content presentation, search, navigation systems, and the design constraints imposed by form factors. It also provides design guidelines based on our study and examines research implications for wireless interface design.
Thermal rearrangements of cyclic amine ylides. III. Intramolecular cyclization of 2-ethynylpyridine N-imides to 3-azaindolizine derivatives. (1983)

Treatment of the N-aminopyridinium salts (5a-e) prepared from 2-ethynylpyridines (4) with potassium carbonate resulted in an intramolecular cyclization to give the corresponding 3-azaindolizines (6) (pyrazolo [2, 3-a] pyridines), presumably via the ionic intermediates (8) and (9). Similarly, pyrazolo [2, 3-a] quinolines (13a-c), pyrazolo [3, 2-a] isoquinolines (16a-c), and pyrazolo [2, 3-b] isoquinolines (19a-c) were obtained from the corresponding ethynylquinolines (11) or ethynylisoquinolines (14, 17) via the N-amino salts (12, 15, or 18).
Folic Acid Deficiency in Sickle Cell Anaemia (1975)

Megaloblastic anaemia responding to folic acid has been reported in a number fo patients with sickle cell anaemia. The incidence of reduced serum and erythrocyte folate levels in such patients remains unclear, however. Serum and erythrocyte folate contents were measured microbiologically in patients with sickle cell anaemia as well as in two control groups with sickle cell trait or normal haemoglobin pattern. Low serum and erythrocyte folate values were significantly more common in 61 sickle-cell patients than in each of the two socio-economically-matched control groups including 61 subjects with Hb AS and 69 blacks with Hb AA. There was no correlation between serum folate and haematocrit or reticulocyte count. The erythrocyte folate, measured before and after removal of reticulocytes, remains a reliable indicator of deficiency of folic acid in sickle-cell patients despite variable degrees of reticulocytes. Folate therapy resulted in higher haematocrits in three of four sickle-cell patients with low serum and low erythrocyte folate values, but in only one of 12 patients with low serum folate and normal erythrocyte folate. These findings are consistent with other observations that folate requirement may be increased in chronic haemolytic disorders and suggest that erythrocyte folate values should be obtained in sickle-cell patients suspected of having folate deficiency.
Chemoenzymatic synthesis of trans-4,5-dihydroxycyclopent-2-enones: conversion to D-1 -deoxynojirimycin (1995)

(4R,5S)-trans-4,5-Bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)cyclopent-2-enone 8 and (4R,5S)-trans-4,5-di(benzyloxy)cyclopent-2-enone 20 are prepared by equilibration of the corresponding cis derivatives; enone 8 is transformed into the glucosidase inhibitor, D-1-deoxynojirimycin 14.
Full-range parallel Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography using sinusoidal phase-modulating interferometry (2007)

We demonstrate a full-range parallel Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) in which a tomogram free of mirror images as well as DC and autocorrelation terms is obtained in parallel. The phase and amplitude of two-dimensional spectral interferograms are accurately detected by using sinusoidal phase-modulating interferometry and a two-dimensional CCD camera, which allows for the reconstruction of two-dimensional complex spectral interferograms. By line-by-line inverse Fourier transformation of the two-dimensional complex spectral interferogram, a full-range parallel FD-OCT is realized. Tomographic images of two separated glass coverslips obtained with our method are presented as a proof-of-principle experiment.
Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment of Epilepsy (2006)

Decrease of seizure frequency and severity in three epileptic patients was achieved by adding Bu-yang-huan-wu-tang to conventional therapy according to the principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory. This treatment mainly relied on the resolution of blood stagnation in cerebrovascular systems. Blood stagnation is an important underlying pathology of many disease processes according to TCM theory.
Giant dystrophin deletion associated with congenital cataract and mild muscular dystrophy (1998)

We report a patient with a large intragenic dystrophin deletion of exons 17-51 inclusive associated with congenital cataract and mild Becker muscular dystrophy. The cataract was similar to the congenital cataract described in the mdx mouse. The loss of 68% of the rod domain including hinge 2 and 3 regions did not adversely affect the correct localization of the dystrophin and the association with the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex. This observation may have implications for minigenes suitable for gene therapy.
Functional characterization of the selective pan-allele anti-SIRPα antibody ADU-1805 that blocks the SIRPα–CD47 innate immune checkpoint (2019)

Blocking the SIRPα-CD47 interaction via SIRPα, while similarly efficacious in vitro, differentiates ADU-1805 from CD47-targeting agents with respect to safety and absence of inhibition of T-cell activation. The data presented herein support further advancement of ADU-1805 towards clinical development.
Metabolism of inositol bis-, tris-, tetrakis- and pentakis-phosphates in GH3 cells (1988)

Previous studies demonstrated a multiplicity of isomers of inositol phosphates in GH3 rat pituitary tumour cells. In order to determine their origin, we have investigated the metabolism of radiolabelled inositol phosphates (IPn) in GH3 cell homogenates by using h.p.l.c. I(1,4,5)P3 is either phosphorylated to I(1,3,4,5)P4 (in the presence of ATP) or dephosphorylated to I(1,4)P2 (in the absence of ATP). I(1,4)P2 is dephosphorylated to I(4)P (greater than 95%). I(1,3,4,5)P4 hydrolysis yields two products. By using dual-labelled [32P, 3H]I(1,3,4,5)P4 with 32P in either the 3 or the 4/5 position, we have identified the probable configuration of these isomers. The predominant (greater than 97%) IP3 formed is I(1,3,4)P3, with a minor I(1,4,5)P3 peak. Subsequent I(1,3,4)P3 hydrolysis yields two IP2 isomers [the major (approximately equal to 85%) is I(3,4)P2; the minor (approximately equal to 15%) is I(1,3)P2] and two IP isomers (the major (approximately equal to 90%) is I(3)P [L-I(1)P], the minor I(4)P). IP5 is very slowly dephosphorylated to and IP4 of undetermined isomeric configuration. We have also examined GH3 cell lipids for the presence of phosphoinositides either more highly phosphorylated than PIP2 (as potential sources of the IP4/IP5 and IP6 in these cells) or phosphorylated in positions other than 1, 4 and 5, and have been unable to find evidence of either. These data suggest two main routes of metabolism for I(1,4,5)P3 in GH3 cells: either (1) phosphorylation to I(1,3,4,5)P4, and the subsequent consecutive dephosphorylation to I(1,3,4)P3, I(3,4)P2 and finally L-I(1)P [D-I(3)P]; or (2) dephosphorylation to I(1,4)P2 and, subsequently, I(4)P.
Early Clinical Trial Results Following Administration of a Low Dose of a Novel Self Complementary Adeno-Associated Viral Vector Encoding Human Factor IX In Two Subjects with Severe Hemophilia B (2010)

Abstract Abstract 248 We have developed a unique approach for the treatment of hemophilia B (HB) that is currently being tested in the clinic. This open-label Phase I/II clinical trial entails peripheral vein administration of a single dose of our novel self complementary AAV vector encoding a codon-optimised human FIX transgene (scAAV2/8-LP1-hFIXco) into adult subjects with severe HB. Our plan is to evaluate three dose levels, progressing to the intermediate and high doses only in the absence of toxicity in a minimum of two subjects each. Vector is being administered in the absence of immunosuppression. Thus far, two subjects have received peripheral vein infusion at the low dose, each without any side effects. Importantly, there were no adverse reactions during vector infusion and no subsequent evidence of hepatotoxicity. Overall, there were no significant changes in the complete blood count and serum chemistry panel. The longest follow-up is in the first subject, in whom plasma FIX levels increased from a baseline of <1% to between 1.5–2% of normal levels within 2 weeks. This level of transgene expression has been maintained for a period that extends beyond 5 months following vector infusion. Importantly, this subject has not required any treatment or prophylaxis with FIX concentrate over this period and remains free of spontaneous joint bleeds. A robust primary humoral response to AAV8 capsid protein was observed following vector infusion. Capsid-specific cytotoxic T cells were monitored by IFN-g ELISPOT and by staining for IFN-g, TNF-a, and CD107a followed by flow cytometry; this analysis showed no increase in AAV8 specific CD8+ T cells at any of the time points evaluated. Following vector administration there was transient, self-limited shedding of scAAV in some body fluids/excretions but vector was not detected in the semen. The same dose has recently been administered to a second patient without toxicity. The FIX level in this subject, who is on regular prophylaxis, is currently 2% of normal, 13 days after his last dose of prophylaxis which was given the same day as the vector and raised his level to 26%. His levels will be carefully monitored to more conclusively establish evidence of expression of transgenic FIX. A third patient is scheduled for treatment at the intermediate dose in the fall. These early data are highly encouraging and suggest that low doses of scAAV vector, when pseudotyped with serotype 8 capsid can mediate therapeutic levels of FIX for at least several months without provoking an immunological response of the type seen in the previous trial. Disclosures: High: Genzyme, Inc: Consultancy, Patents & Royalties; Third Rock Ventures: Consultancy; Novo-Nordisk: Consultancy; Shire, Inc.: Consultancy.
A PC‐based titrator for flow gradient titrations (1993)

This paper describes a PC (personal computer) based titrator which was developed for gradient flow titrations. Concentration gradients were generated electrolytically or volumetrically in small tubes. Complete titration curves can be recorded on-line and evaluated automatically. The titrator can be used with all liquid flow detectors with low axial dispersion. The titrator was evaluated for the titration of thiosulphate with electrogenerated triiodide and for the titration of ammonia with electrogenerated hypobromite after continuous gas dialytic separation of ammonia from the sample solution.
X-ray structures of new dipeptide taste ligands (1998)

The molecular basis of sweet taste was investigated by carrying out the crystal state conformational analysis by X-ray diffraction of the following dipeptide taste igands:N-3,3-dimethylbutyl-aspartyl-phenylalanine methyl ester,I(N-DMB-Asp-Phe-OMe), its sodium salt (N-DMB-Asp-Phe-ONa),II, aspartyl-D-2-aminobutyric acid-(S)-α-ethylbenzylamide,III(Asp-D-Abu-(S)-α-ethylbenzylamide), aspartyl-N′-((2,2,5,5-tetramethylcyclopentanyl)-carbonyl)-(R)-1,1-diamino-ethane,IV(Asp-(R)-gAla-TMCP), and aspartyl-D-valine-(R)-α-methoxymethylbenzyl amide,V(Asp-D-Val-(R)-α-methoxymethylbenzylamide). With the exception of the sodium saltII, all compounds are sweet-tasting, showing in some cases considerable potency enhancement with respect to sucrose. The results of this study confirm the earlier model that an ‘L-shape’ molecular array is essential for eliciting sweet taste for dipeptide-like ligands. In addition, it was established that (i) substitution of the N-terminal group does not inhibit sweet taste, if its zwitterionic character is maintained; (ii) a hydrophobic group located between the stem and the base of the L-shape could be responsible for sweetness potency enhancement, as found inI, IIIandIV; in fact, the extraordinary potency of the N-alkylated analogueIwould support a model with an additional hydrophobic binding domain above the base of the ‘L’; (iii) removal of the methyl ester at the C-terminus of compoundIwith the salt formation gives rise to the tasteless compoundII; (iv) for the first time all possible side-chain conformers (g−,g+andt) for the N-substituted aspartyl residue were observed; and (v) a retro-inverso modification, incorporated at position 2 of the dipeptide chain, confers greater flexibility to the molecule, as demonstrated by the contemporary presence of six conformationally distinct independent molecules in the unit cell and yet sweet taste properties are maintained, as found inIV. © 1998 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Therapeutic Perspectives for Melatonin Agonists and Antagonists (2003)

Melatonin is a neurohormone synthesized in the pineal gland during the dark period in all species, including humans. The diversity and differences in melatonin receptor distribution in the brain and extracerebral organs suggest multiple functional roles for melatonin. Administration of melatonin agonists reduces neophobia and treatment with a melatonin antagonist during the dark period reverses the anxiolytic-like effect of endogenous melatonin. Chronic treatment with agonists prevents various perturbations induced by chronic mild stress. Melatonin in vivo directly constricts cerebral arterioles in rats and decreases the lower limit of cerebral blood flow autoregulation, suggesting that melatonin may diminish the risk of hypoperfusion-induced cerebral ischemia. At the extracerebral level, melatonin regulates intestinal motility in rats. The intestinal postprandial motor response is shorter in the dark phase than in the light phase and this reduction is reversed in animals pretreated with a melatonin antagonist. Moreover, melatonin reduces the duration of cholecystokinin excitomotor effect. Endogenous melatonin may modulate intestinal motility to coordinate intestinal functions such as digestion and transit and control the metabolism of the animal. An adipocyte melatonin binding site may also participate in this control. Melatonin is involved in a wide range of physiological functions. The question remains as to whether evolution, adaptation and diurnal life have modified the physiological role of melatonin in humans. Moreover, the functional role of each of the receptor subtypes has to be characterized to design selective ligands to treat specific diseases.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Quantitative and Visual Ventilation Pattern Analysis at Xenon Ventilation CT Performed by Using a Dual-Energy Technique (2010)

WI and WO xenon ventilation CT is feasible for the simultaneous regional evaluation of structural and ventilation abnormalities both quantitatively and qualitatively in patients with COPD.
Inhibition of growth of<scp>l</scp>-cystine crystals by N-acetyl-<scp>l</scp>-cysteine (2016)

N-Acetyl-L-cysteine, a thiol drug used commonly as an expectorant, was used to inhibit the growth of L-cystine crystals. Dual effects of a chemical decomposition reaction and crystallization inhibition ensure that N-acetyl-L-cysteine has an unusual inhibitory effect on the growth of L-cystine crystals, and could aid its development as a new drug for the treatment of L-cystine stones.