gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relative levels of the proprotein and cleavage-activated form of circulating human anti-Müllerian hormone are sexually dimorphic and variable during the life cycle (2016)

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a gonadal hormone, which induces aspects of the male phenotype, and influences ovarian follicular recruitment. AMH is synthesized as a proprotein (proAMH), which is incompletely cleaved to the receptor-competent AMHN ,C AMH ELISAs have not distinguished between proAMH and AMHN ,C; consequently, the physiological ranges of circulating proAMH and AMHN ,C are unknown. A novel proAMH ELISA has been used to assay serum proAMH in humans. Total AMH was also measured, enabling the AMHN ,C concentration to be calculated. Stored serum from 131 boys, 80 younger, and 106 older men were examined, with serum from 14 girls and 18 women included for comparison. The mean levels of proAMH and AMHN ,C in pM were respectively: boys (253, 526), men (7.7, 36), elderly men (5.7, 19), girls (3.3, 15), and women (5.2, 27) (boys vs. men, P < 0.001; girls vs. women, P = 0.032). The proportion of proAMH as a percentage of total AMH (API) was approximately twofold higher in boys than men (P < 0.001) with little overlap between the ranges, with girls also exhibiting lesser cleavage of their AMH than women (P < 0.001). The API varied within each population group. In young men, the API did not correlate with circulating levels of the other testicular hormones (testosterone, InhB, and INSL3). In conclusion, the cleavage of circulating AMH varies extensively within the human population, with most individuals having significant levels of proAMH The physiological and clinical relevance of circulating proAMH needs to be established.
High rate of genetic rearrangement during replication of a Moloney murine leukemia virus-based vector (1993)

A protocol was designed to measure the forward mutation rate over an entire gene replicated as part of a Moloney murine leukemia virus-based vector. For these studies, the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (tk) gene under the control of the spleen necrosis virus U3 promoter was used as target sequence since it allows selection for either the functional or the inactivated gene. Our results indicate that after one round of retroviral replication, the tk gene is inactivated at an average rate of 0.08 per cycle of replication. Southern blotting revealed that the majority of the mutant proviruses resulted from gross rearrangements and that deletions of spleen necrosis virus and tk sequences were the most frequent cause of the gene inactivation. Sequence analysis of the mutant proviruses suggested that homologous as well as nonhomologous recombination was involved in the observed rearrangements. Some mutations consisted of simple deletions, and others consisted of deletions combined with insertions. The frequency at which these mutations occurred during one cycle of retroviral replication provides evidence indicating that Moloney murine leukemia virus-based vectors may undergo genetic rearrangement at high rates. The high rate of rearrangement and its relevance for retrovirus-mediated gene transfer are discussed.
Calcium binding mode of γ-carboxyglutamic acids in conantokins (1999)

Conantokin-T (con-T) and conantokin-G (con-G) are two highly homologous peptide toxins found in Conus venom. The former is a 21-residue peptide with four gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) residues (at positions 3, 4, 10 and 14), while the latter is a 17-residue peptide with five gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues (at positions 3, 4, 7, 10 and 14). Despite the apparent similarity in number and relative positions of the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues, (113)Cd-NMR studies indicated a distinct metal binding behavior for con-G and con-T. There appears to be four binding sites in con-G in contrast to one metal binding site in con-T. To elucidate the mode of calcium binding by the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues in these conantokins, we designed various analogous peptides with their gamma-carboxyglutamic acid replaced by other amino acid residues. (113)Cd-NMR experiments on conantokin analogues reveal that the major difference in the number of metal binding sites between con-G and con-T is due to the residue at position 7. We also performed molecular simulations to calculate the relative binding free energies of several potential binding sites. Based on our theoretical and experimental results, we propose a 'four-site' binding model for conantokin-G and a 'single-site' binding model for conantokin-T.
Effect of Indomethacin on Proteolysis in Septic Muscle (1985)

The effect of indomethacin on protein degradation in skeletal muscle from septic rats was investigated. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Control rats were sham-operated. Protein degradation rate was estimated by measuring release of tyrosine from incubated soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles. Three experiments were performed. In the first experiment, indomethacin was administered subcutaneously (3 mg/kg) at the time of CLP and again after 3 hours. Control rats received corresponding volumes of solvent. Groups of rats were studied after 8 hours (early sepsis) or 16 hours (late sepsis). In the second experiment, the animals were pretreated 45 minutes before induction of sepsis with indomethacin (3 mg/kg) and again 3 hours after CLP and were studied during early sepsis. In the third experiment, indomethacin was added in vitro (3 microM) to incubated normal or septic muscle or to normal muscle incubated in the presence of plasma from septic animals, and release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by incubated muscle was measured in addition to protein degradation. There was no mortality in early sepsis. Survival rate 16 hours after CLP was 8/16 (50%) in rats receiving control injections and 7/15 (47%) in indomethacin-treated rats (NS). Proteolytic rate in incubated EDL and SOL was increased by 20-25% during early sepsis and by 30-50% during late sepsis. The increased proteolytic rate was not affected by administration of indomethacin, neither in the first nor in the second experiment. When indomethacin was added in vitro, release of PGE2 by septic muscles and by normal muscles incubated in the presence of septic plasma was reduced by about 50%, but the increased proteolytic rate in these muscles was not affected. In normal muscle, neither release of PGE2 nor protein degradation was affected by indomethacin in vitro. The present results do not support a role for prostaglandins in the enhancement of muscle proteolysis during sepsis. Since neither survival rate nor protein breakdown was affected by indomethacin, recent suggestions to use this substance in the treatment of septic patients might be questioned.
The <i>Escherichia coli</i> RNA degradosome: structure, function and relationship to other ribonucleolytic multienyzme complexes (2002)

mRNA instability is an intrinsic property that permits timely changes in gene expression by limiting the lifetime of a transcript. The RNase e of Escherichia coli is a single-strand-specific endo-nuclease involved in the processing of rRNA and the degradation of mRNA. A nucleolytic multi-enzyme complex now known as the RNA degradosome was discovered during the purification and characterization of RNase E. Two other components are a 3' exoribonuclease (polynucleotide phosphorylase, PNPase) and a DEAD-box RNA helicase (RNA helicase B, RhlB). RNase E is a large multidomain protein with N-terminal ribonucleolytic activity, an RNA-binding domain and a C-terminal "scaffold" that binds PNPase, enolase and RhlB. RhlB by itself has little activity but is strongly stimiulated by its interaction with RNase E. RhlB in vitro can facilitate the degradation of structured RNA by PNPase. Since the discovery of the RNA degradosome in E. coli, related complexes have been described in other organisms.
Healing of Apical Periodontitis after Minimally Invasive Endodontics therapy using Er,Cr:YSGG laser: A Prospective Clinical Study (2020)

The aim of the present study was to clarify the healing percentages for a 6-months duration after clinical endodontic treatment, in cases treated by Er,Cr:YSGG laser (Waterlase MD; Biolase Technology, Inc, San Clement, CA) and filled by two obturation techniques.
The study group were composed of 40 patients, who were referred for endodontic treatment and diagnosed having apical periodontitis they received well-performed minmaly invasive nonsurgical root canal treatment with ProTaper Next instruments (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballagues, Switzerland) and copiously irrigation with 2 mL 5% NaOCl . After instrumentation, laser irradiation was performed for smear layer removal with Er,Cr:YSGG laser 2,780 nm wavelength with a redial firing tips RFT2 and RFT3 [diameter 200 μm for apical and middle third and 320 μm for coronal third respectivly]. After laser irradiation, a final irrigation was done with 5ml of Saline solution. Then, dissinfection for the root canal was done with the same laser device. The subjects were divided into 2 groups; the first one was obturated with carrier-based technique(GuttaCore, Dentsply Maillefer, Ballagues, Switzerland) and the other with cold lateral compaction technique , AH Plus sealer (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK)was used in both groups. 
Healing of the different apical periodontitis cases was evaluated clinically and radiographically employing Periapical index (PAI) scoring. According to this evaluation, three conditions could be distinguished : healed, healing, or diseased. Successed cases includes healed or healing conditions which accompanied the success of root canal treatment. Statistical analysis was done by using independent t-test, Univariate (ONE WAY ANOVA) test, and Pearson coefficient.Differences between variables were setting as significant at 5% (P≤0.05) and highly significant at 1% (P≤0.01).
The prognosis of healing rates was compared temporally. Forty patients were folowed up at three recall periods at 1-month, 3-month, and 6-month after treatment. The success of root canal treatment for these periods was 67.5%, 82.5%, and 97.5%, respectively.
In conclusion, the teeth of different apical diagnosis can be treated with the Er,Cr:YSGG laser.It showed a tremendous degree of success of root canal treatment in aperiod of 6 months after treatment. The Er,Cr:YSGG laser permit for rapid rate of healing with a predictable outcome.
Video matching using DC-image and local features (2013)

This paper presents a suggested framework for video matching based on local features extracted from the DCimage of MPEG compressed videos, without decompression. The relevant arguments and supporting evidences are discussed for developing video similarity techniques that works directly on compressed videos, without decompression, and especially utilising small size images. Two experiments are carried to support the above. The first is comparing between the DC-image and I-frame, in terms of matching performance and the corresponding computation complexity. The second experiment compares between using local features and global features in video matching, especially in the compressed domain and with the small size images. The results confirmed that the use of DC-image, despite its highly reduced size, is promising as it produces at least similar (if not better) matching precision, compared to the full I-frame. Also, using SIFT, as a local feature, outperforms precision of most of the standard global features. On the other hand, its computation complexity is relatively higher, but it is still within the realtime margin. There are also various optimisations that can be done to improve this computation complexity.
Proteomic profiles of human lung adeno and squamous cell carcinoma using super‐SILAC and label‐free quantification approaches (2014)

Nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85% of lung cancers, and is subdivided into two major histological subtypes: adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). There is an unmet need to further subdivide NSCLC according to distinctive molecular features that may be associated with responsiveness to therapies. Four primary tumor-derived xenograft proteomes (two-each ADC and SCC) were quantitatively compared by using a super-SILAC labeling approach together with ultrahigh-resolution MS. Proteins highly differentially expressed in the two subtypes were identified, including 30 that were validated in an independent cohort of 12 NSCLC primary tumor-derived xenograft tumors whose proteomes were quantified by an alternative, label-free shotgun MS methodology. The 30-protein signature contains metabolism enzymes including phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, which is more highly expressed in SCC, as well as a comprehensive set of cytokeratins and other components of the epithelial barrier, which is therefore distinctly different between ADC and SCC. These results demonstrate the utility of the super-SILAC method for the characterization of primary tissues, and compatibility with datasets derived from different MS-based platforms. The validation of proteome signatures of NSCLC subtypes supports the further development and application of MS-based quantitative proteomics as a basis for precision classifications and treatments of tumors. All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000438 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD000438).
Highly efficient and autocatalytic H2O dissociation for CO2 reduction into formic acid with zinc (2014)

Artificial photosynthesis, specifically H2O dissociation for CO2 reduction with solar energy, is regarded as one of the most promising methods for sustainable energy and utilisation of environmental resources. However, a highly efficient conversion still remains extremely challenging. The hydrogenation of CO2 is regarded as the most commercially feasible method, but this method requires either exotic catalysts or high-purity hydrogen and hydrogen storage, which are regarded as an energy-intensive process. Here we report a highly efficient method of H2O dissociation for reducing CO2 into chemicals with Zn powder that produces formic acid with a high yield of approximately 80%, and this reaction is revealed for the first time as an autocatalytic process in which an active intermediate, ZnH(-) complex, serves as the active hydrogen. The proposed process can assist in developing a new concept for improving artificial photosynthetic efficiency by coupling geochemistry, specifically the metal-based reduction of H2O and CO2, with solar-driven thermochemistry for reducing metal oxide into metal.
A novel transcoding algorithm for SMV and g.723.1 speech coders via direct parameter transformation (2003)

In this paper, a novel transcoding algorithm for the Selectable Mode Vocoder (SMV) and the G.723.1 speech coder is proposed. In contrast to the conventional tandem transcoding algorithm, the proposed algorithm converts the parameters of one coder to the other without going through the decoding and encoding process. The proposed algorithm is composed of four parts: the parameter decoding, Line Spectral Pair (LSP) conversion, pitch period conversion and rate selection. The evaluation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves equivalent speech quality to that of tandem transcoding with reduced computational complexity and delay.
Effects of trap-state density reduction by plasma hydrogenation in low-temperature polysilicon TFT (1989)

The reduction of trap-state densities by plasma hydrogenation in n-channel polysilicon thin-film transistors (poly-TFTs) fabricated using a maximum temperature of 600 degrees C has been studied. Hydrogenated devices have a mobility of approximately 40 cm/sup 2//V*5, a threshold voltage of approximately 2 V, an inverse subthreshold of approximately 0.55 V/decade, and a maximum on/off current ratio of 5*10/sup 8/. The effective channel length decreases by approximately 0.85 mu m after a short hydrogenation which may be attributed to the activation of donors at trap states near the source/drain junctions. Trap-state densities decrease from 1.6*10/sup 12/ to 3.5*10/sup 11/ cm/sup -2/ after hydrogenation, concomitant with the reduction of threshold voltage. Using the gate lengths at which the trap-state densities deviate from the long-channel values as markets for the leading edge of passivation, the apparent hydrogen diffusivity is found to be 1.2*10/sup -11/ cm/sup 2//s at 350 degrees C in the TFT structure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
cheA, cheB, and cheC genes of Escherichia coli and their role in chemotaxis (1976)

Motile but generally nonchemotatic (che) mutants of Escherichia coli were isolated by a simple screening method. A total of 172 independent mutants were examined, and four genes were defined on the basis of mapping and complemenvestigated by determining their null phenotypes with nonsense or bacteriophage Mu-induced mutations. The cheA and cheB products were essential in producing changes of swimming direction and flagellar rotation. The checC product appeared to be an essential component of the flagellum; however, specific mutational alterations of this component allowed flagellar assembly but prevented directional changes in swimming. Since some cheB mutants changed directions incessantly, this gene product may also serve to control the direction of flagellar rotation in response to chemoreceptor signals. Thus most or all of the common elements in the signalling process were involved in the generation and regulation of changes in the direction of flagellar rotation.
Substance P, a neuropeptide, inhibits measles virus replication in cell culture. (1986)

Substance P, a neuropeptide of the tachykinin group, inhibits measles virus replication in cell culture and partially blocks viral fusion activity assayed in the haemolysis system. The ID50 for the inhibition of measles virus single-cycle replication is 0.6 mumol/l, and the effect is fully reversible. The antiviral activity of substance P corresponds to that of previously described synthetic tri-to heptapeptides. Tachykinins and these oligopeptides share a short homology with the N-terminus of paramyxovirus fusion proteins.
Immunomodulatory activity of SGI-110: a basis for novel chemo-immunotherapeutic combinations in cancer treatment (2013)

Meeting abstracts Aberrant DNA hypermethylation favors tumor escape from host’s immune recognition by decreasing the expression of tumor-associated antigens (TAA) (e.g., cancer testis antigens (CTA)), HLA, co-stimulatory molecules that are all required for efficient immune recognition of cancer
Block in Nuclear Localization of <i>period</i> Protein by a Second Clock Mutation, <i>timeless</i> (1994)

In wild-type Drosophila, the period protein (PER) is found in nuclei of the eyes and brain, and PER immunoreactivity oscillates with a circadian rhythm. The studies described here indicate that the nuclear localization of PER is blocked by timeless (tim), a second chromosome mutation that, like per null mutations, abolishes circadian rhythms. PER fusion proteins without a conserved domain (PAS) and some flanking sequences are nuclear in tim mutants. This suggests that a segment of PER inhibits nuclear localization in tim mutants. The tim gene may have a role in establishing rhythms of PER abundance and nuclear localization in wild-type flies.
Proliferation‐associated oxygen consumption and morphology of tumor cells in monolayer and spheroid culture (1992)

The oxygen consumption rate, proliferative activity, and morphology of EMT6/Ro mouse mammary sarcoma cells in monolayer and multicellular spheroid culture have been investigated in a comparative study. During the transition of monolayer cells from the exponential into the plateau growth phase, there is a distinct decrease in the cellular volume that is associated with a corresponding decrease in the proliferative and respiratory activity of the cells. The decline in cell volume is mainly due to a decrease in the content of cytoplasm, whereas the size of the nucleus is only slightly reduced. A concomitant decrease in the number of mitochondria per cell obviously accounts for the reduction in cellular oxygen uptake. Despite a continuous decrease of cell proliferation from the surface to interior regions of EMT6 spheroids reflected by a gradient in tritiated thymidine labeling, volume-related oxygen consumption is rather uniform in viable regions of these aggregates. The finding can be explained by the results of the morphometric evaluation showing a uniform volume density of mitochondria, i.e., of oxygen-consuming sites within these spheroids.
Über einige Copolyurethane ausgehend von Piperazin (1976)

Abstract Durch Addition von Äthylencarbonat an Piperazin im Molverhältnis 2:1 wurde Piperazin‐1,4‐dicarbonsäure‐bis(2‐hydroxyäthyl)ester ( 3 ) dargestellt. Aus 3 und aliphatischen bzw. aromatischen Dicarbonsäuredichloriden entstanden alternierend aufgebaute Polyesterurethane 5 und 7 , und mit 4,4′‐Methylen‐bis(phenylisocyanat) wurde das sequenzierte Copolyurethan 8 erhalten. Aus dem Bis(chloroformyl)‐Derivat von 3 wurden durch Grenzflächenpolykondensation mit aliphatischen und aromatischen Diaminen ebenfalls geordnete Copolyurethane 11 erhalten.
A comprehensive study on the physicochemical and electrical properties of Si doped with the molecular doping method (2015)

Semiconductor doping through solution-based self-assembling provides a simple, scalable, and cost-effective alternative to standard methods and additionally allows conformality on structured surfaces. Among the several solution-based deposition techniques, dip coating is the most promising. It consists in immersing the target to be doped inside a solution containing the dopant precursor. During this process, the molecule bonds to the target surface with a self-limiting process ruled by its steric properties. Successive annealing leads to layer decomposition and diffusion of dopant atoms inside the substrate. Most of the work on molecular doping lacks information on the molecule/Si interface chemical properties, on the mechanisms of the molecule evolution during the coating, and of its decomposition after the diffusion step. Moreover, it has so far been devoted to the molecules design to tune the final dopant dose and distribution. Here, the main results on the molecular doping are reviewed, and new findings on the interface characteristics, also in terms of mono- and multilayers formation are presented. A systematic study, carried out by fixing the dopant precursor and varying the coating conditions, is also reported, demonstrating that the important doping features can be controlled precisely and that uniformity can be achieved at nanometer level.