gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Incorporation of GPI-Anchored Proteins Into Human Erythrocytes and Their Fate in the Membrane (1998)

In many different cells, glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored molecules are clustered in membrane microdomains that resist extraction by detergents at 4°C. In this report, we identified the presence of such domains in human erythrocytes and examined the ability of exogenously-added GPI-anchored molecules to colocalize with the endogenous GPI-anchored proteins in these detergent-insoluble complexes. We found that the addition to human erythrocytes of three purified GPI-anchored proteins having different GPI lipid moieties resulted in their efficient and correct incorporation into the membrane. The extent of membrane insertion was dependent on the intactness of the GPI lipid moiety. However, unlike the endogenous GPI-anchored proteins, the in vitro incorporated GPI molecules were not resistant to membrane extraction by Triton X-100 at 4°C. In addition, in contrast to the endogenous GPI-anchored proteins, they were not preferentially released from erythrocytes during vesiculation induced by calcium loading of the cells. These results suggest that in vitro incorporated GPI-linked molecules are excluded from pre-existing GPI-enriched membrane areas in human erythrocytes and that these microdomains may represent the sites of membrane vesicle formation.
Effective Thermal Conductivity of Six Sigma’s Copper Reinforced Column Grid Array Interconnect for Ceramic Microelectronic Packages (2010)

Thermal management of flip chip style integrated circuits often relies on thermal conduction through the ceramic package and high lead solder grid array leads into the printed wiring board as the primary path for heat removal. Thermal analysis of this package configuration requires accurate characterization of the sometimes geometrically complex package-to-board interface. Given the unique structure of the Six Sigma column grid array (CGA) interconnect, a detailed finite element submodel was used to numerically derive the effective thermal conductivity with comparisons to a conventional CGA interconnect. Once an effective thermal conductivity value is obtained, the entire interconnect layer can be represented as a fictitious cuboid layer for inclusion in a more traditional “closed-form” thermal resistance calculation. This method allows the package designer a quick and robust method to evaluate initial thermal design study tradeoffs.
The Impact of Lubricant Viscosity and Additive Chemistry on Fuel Economy in Heavy Duty Diesel Engines (2011)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The heightened interest level in Fuel Economy for Heavy Duty Diesel Engines the industry has seen over the last few years continues to be high, and is not likely to change. Lowering the fuel consumption of all internal combustion engines remains a priority for years to come, driven by economic, legislative, and environmental reasons.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">While it is generally assumed that lower viscosity grade lubricants offer fuel economy benefits, there is a lot of confusion about exactly what drives the fuel economy benefits. Fuel Economy claims in trade literature vary over a broad range and it is difficult for the end user to determine what to expect when a change in lubricant viscosity is adopted for a fleet of vehicles in a certain type of operation. This publication makes an attempt at clarifying a number of these uncertainties with the help of additional engine test data, and more extensive data analysis.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In addition, a more extensive explanation is given for the impacts of base oil viscosity index, VI improver shear stability, and blend targets for the finished oil. All of these factors are part of the design parameters of a finished lubricant. With a better understanding of those parameters, lubricant blenders can optimize the viscosity characteristics of their lubricants for improved fuel economy.</div></div>
Prediction of preterm birth using the cervical consistency index (2011)

CCI shows a clear inverse linear relationship with GA. Assessment of CCI is reproducible and is effective in the prediction of spontaneous PTB. This new variable appears to provide better prediction of spontaneous PTB than does cervical length.
Control of Heavy Load Manipulators in Varying Environments (1999)

The aim of this paper is to present concepts for the motion control of redundant manipulators in a changing environment . In order to be able to avoid collisions with unexpected and moving obstacles, an intelligent control concept is required which combines the off-line planned paths with on-line sensor information . Solutions for the combined collision free motion control of the redundant degrees of freedom ( d.o.f.), and the degrees of freedom of the Tool Center Point (TCP) are presented . The redundant d.o.f. are influenced by nonlinear potential forces, which can be easy introduced into concepts for the inverse kinematics. Motion control (position and orientation) of the TCP is implemented with an artificial elastic band in the workspace of the TCP, which enables it to react to modifications in the environment.
Studies on the Relationship Between Electronic Structures and Superconducting Properties of TlBaCaCuO, BiSrCaCuO and XBaCuO(X=Y, Nd, Dy) Systems (1996)

The electronic structures of TIBaCaCuO, BiSrCaCuO and XBaCuO (X = Y,Nd, DY) systems were calculated using DV-Xa method. According to the calculated results, the relationships between electronic structures and superconducting properties were studied, and some experimental facts were explained.
The Successful Application of Natural Language Processing for Information Retrieval (2007)

In this paper, a novel model for monolingual Information Retrieval in English and Spanish language is proposed. This model uses Natural Language Processing techniques (a POS-tagger, a Partial Parser, and an Anaphora Resolver) in order to improve the precision of traditional IR systems, by means of indexing the “entities” and the “relations” between these entities in the documents. This model is evaluated on both the Spanish and English CLEF corpora. For the English queries, there is a maximum increase of 35.11% in the average precision. For the Spanish queries, the maximum increase is 37.18%.
<title>Sampling Theorem For The Complex Spectrogram, And Gabor's Expansion Of A Signal In Gaussian Elementary Signals</title> (1980)

The complex spectrogram of a signal φ(t) is defined by ∫φ(t)g*(t-to)exp[-iwot]dt ; it is, in fact, the Fourier transform of the product of the signal and the complex conjugated and shifted version of a so-called window function g(t). From the complex spectrogram the signal can be reconstructed uniquely. It is shown that the complex spectrogram is completely determined by its values on the points (to=mT, wo=nΩ), where ΩT= 2tt and m and n take all integer values. The lattice of points (mT,nΩ) is exactly the lattice suggested by Gabor as early as 1946; it arose in connection with Gabor's suggestion to expand a signal into a discrete set of Gaussian elementary signals. Such an expansion is a special case of the general expansion ∑∑mn amng(t-mT)exp[inΩt] of a signal into a discrete set of shifted and modulated window functions. It is shown that this expansion exists. Furthermore, a set of functions is constructed, which is bi-orthonormal to the set of shifted and modulated window functions. With the help of this bi-orthonormal set of functions, the expansion coefficients amn can be determined easily.
Metoclopramide as a sensitizer of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea treatment of brain tumors in the rat (1992)

RG2 glioma-like cells grown in in vitro culture can be inoculated into rat brains using stereotactic surgical procedures to produce tumors with a diameter of 12-16 mm2 in 20-21 days. This system has been used to evaluate if metoclopramide (MCA) could sensitize the tumor toxicity of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU). BCNU alone (15 mg/kg, intravenously), and MCA alone (2 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), and these drug treatments in combination, were administered so that BCNU alone was given as a single dose on day 3 after inoculation of the RG2 cells, MCA alone was given on day 3 at 0 and 3 h followed by five or six treatments per week beginning 24 h after the 3 h dose, and BCNU plus MCA were given according to the combined schedule where the first MCA treatment was scheduled 30 min prior to the BCNU infusion. The design of this study required the drug treated animals to be matched to untreated animals (controls) at the time of inoculation of the RG2 cells. Under these experimental conditions, BCNU alone and MCA alone had no effect on tumor growth, whereas BCNU plus MCA significantly retarded brain tumor growth. The normal tissue toxicity induced by BCNU treatment, evaluated by measurement of body weight and survival, was not potentiated by the combination of BCNU plus MCA. These data extend the previous findings of MCA as a radio- and chemosensitizer to include the sensitization of another cytotoxic agent (BCNU) and of another type of tumor (malignant glioma).
Omega-3 fatty acid supplements improve the cardiovascular risk profile of subjects with metabolic syndrome, including markers of inflammation and auto-immunity (2009)

It appears that omega 3 improves the cardiovascular risk profile of subjects with metabolic syndrome, having effects on weight, systolic blood pressure, lipid profile and markers of inflammation and autoimmunity.
Band-gap structure for periodic chiral media (1996)

We study electromagnetic wave interactions in periodic chiral media through an examination of the band-gap structure derived from a coupled-mode solution. For oblique incidence the singly periodic chiral medium possesses three separate fundamental Bragg conditions, which lead to a richer band-gap structure than that observed for its achiral counterpart. We examine these fundamental Bragg conditions in three characteristic domains defined as the subchiral, chiral, and superchiral regions. The conditions defining each region and the band-gap characteristics are presented. The chiral band-gap structure suggests that periodic chiral media may be useful as filters, polarization mode converters, mode discriminators, and multiplexers for circularly polarized waves. It also demonstrates the increased degrees of freedom for the design of distributed-feedback or Bragg-reflection devices.
SiC X-ray detectors for harsh environments (2011)

We have characterised a number of SiC Schottky Diodes as soft X-ray photon counting detectors over the temperature range -30°C to +80°C. We present the spectroscopic performance, as measured over the energy range ∼ 6 keV–30 keV and correlate the data with measurements of the temperature dependence of the device leakage current. The results show that these detectors can be used for X-ray photon counting spectroscopy over a wide temperature range. Measurement of the radiation tolerance of Semi Transparent SiC Schottky Diodes (STSSD) has shown that these devices can still operate as photon counting X-ray spectrometers after proton irradiation (total dose of 1013 cm−2, 50 MeV). We present measurements on proton irradiated STSSDs that indicate that radiation induced traps, located in the upper half of the bandgap, have reduced the mobility and concentration of charge carriers. X-ray spectra predicted using a Monte Carlo model for SiC diodes are compared with measured spectra.
Novel Speech Signal Processing Algorithms for High-Accuracy Classification of Parkinson's Disease (2012)

There has been considerable recent research into the connection between Parkinson's disease (PD) and speech impairment. Recently, a wide range of speech signal processing algorithms (dysphonia measures) aiming to predict PD symptom severity using speech signals have been introduced. In this paper, we test how accurately these novel algorithms can be used to discriminate PD subjects from healthy controls. In total, we compute 132 dysphonia measures from sustained vowels. Then, we select four parsimonious subsets of these dysphonia measures using four feature selection algorithms, and map these feature subsets to a binary classification response using two statistical classifiers: random forests and support vector machines. We use an existing database consisting of 263 samples from 43 subjects, and demonstrate that these new dysphonia measures can outperform state-of-the-art results, reaching almost 99% overall classification accuracy using only ten dysphonia features. We find that some of the recently proposed dysphonia measures complement existing algorithms in maximizing the ability of the classifiers to discriminate healthy controls from PD subjects. We see these results as an important step toward noninvasive diagnostic decision support in PD.
MALDI-TOF and ESI-MS analysis of oligosaccharides labeled with a new multifunctional oligosaccharide tag (2006)

A new multifunctional oligosaccharide label with a 1 degree amino-group was synthesized and characterized. The oligosaccharide label was introduced into several neutral oligosaccharides by reductive amination, and the derivatives were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) and by electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry. It was demonstrated that the labeling reaction was satisfactory, and that as little as 50 pmol of starting material could be efficiently labeled with minimal loss to side reactions. A mixture of high-mannose N-glycans released from ribonuclease B was labeled. The label did not appear to interfere with structural characterization of the oligosaccharides by mass spectrometry. N-quaternization of the labeled oligosaccharides resulted in significantly increased sensitivity of detection with as little as 100 fmol on the probe detected. Deuterium coding of labeled oligosaccharide mixtures and relative abundance of mixture components was investigated. A protocol for the chromatographic separation of mixtures of labeled oligosaccharides by HPLC was developed and is reported here.
Tissue Equivalents Based on Cell-Seeded Biodegradable Microfluidic Constructs (2010)

One of the principal challenges in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is the formation of functional microvascular networks capable of sustaining tissue constructs. Complex tissues and vital organs require a means to support oxygen and nutrient transport during the development of constructs both prior to and after host integration, and current approaches have not demonstrated robust solutions to this challenge. Here, we present a technology platform encompassing the design, construction, cell seeding and functional evaluation of tissue equivalents for wound healing and other clinical applications. These tissue equivalents are comprised of biodegradable microfluidic scaffolds lined with microvascular cells and designed to replicate microenvironmental cues necessary to generate and sustain cell populations to replace dermal and/or epidermal tissues lost due to trauma or disease. Initial results demonstrate that these biodegradable microfluidic devices promote cell adherence and support basic cell functions. These systems represent a promising pathway towards highly integrated three-dimensional engineered tissue constructs for a wide range of clinical applications.
Transcriptomic analysis of intestinal fibrosis-associated gene expression in response to medical therapy in Crohnʼs disease (2008)

Exposure to infliximab does not appear to induce a profibrotic transcriptional response in the CD intestine. Previous corticosteroid treatment is associated with increased expression of CTGF and MIF. Treating intestinal fibroblasts in vitro with steroids upregulates CTGF expression.
Chlamydia pneumoniae and chronic lung diseases. (1997)

Chlamydia pneumoniae infection has been implicated in several chronic lung diseases by serology and direct antigen detection. Acute lower respiratory tract infection caused by C. pneumoniae seems often to precede attacks of asthma in both children and adults. Chlamydia pneumoniae is also involved in some exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive lung disease but, more importantly, seems to be strongly associated with the latter irrespective of exacerbation status. Moreover, persistently elevated C. pneumoniae antibody titres have been observed in sarcoidosis and lung cancer.
Modification of neutral (isoelectric) liposomes to anionic liposomes by phospholipase A2: the use of macrocyclic 1,2-dotriacontanedioyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (1988)

1,2-Dotriacontanedioyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (dTPC) has been synthesized; liposomes containing dTPC were converted rapidly into anionic liposomes at pH 7 by the action of phospholipase A2, retaining the vesicular structure and exposing the CO2H groups of the lysolipids on the membrane surface.
New sheet structures may be the basis for boron nanotubes (2007)

The triangular boron lattice has too many electrons, and the hexagonal lattice has too few. But a hybrid of the two is just right.
A unified speaker-dependent speech separation and enhancement system based on deep neural networks (2015)

Speech enhancement and speech separation are important frontends of many speech processing systems. In real tasks, the background noises are often mixed with some human voice interferences. In this paper, we explore a framework to unify speech enhancement and speech separation for a speaker-dependent scenario based on deep neural networks (DNNs). Using a supervised method, DNN is adopted to directly model a nonlinear mapping function between noisy and clean speech signals. The signals of speaker interferers are considered as one type of universal noise signals in our framework. In order to be able to handle a wide range of additive noise in the real-world situations, a large training set that encompasses many possible combinations of speech and noise types, is designed. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework can get the comparable performances to those single speech enhancement or separation systems. Furthermore, the resulting DNN model, trained with artificial synthesized data, is also effective in dealing with noisy speech data recorded in real-world conditions.
Noninvasive Assessment of Endothelial Activity in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease and Cardiovascular Risk Factors (2007)

Microvascular endothelial activity (EA) after stimulation with iontophoretically administered acetylcholine was evaluated using laser Doppler fluxmetery (LDF) and calibrated photoplethysmography (c-PPG) in normal patients and patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). The patients included 79 non-PAD subjects and 51 patients with PAD. Upper and lower extremity EA was examined using LDF and c-PPG after acetylcholine iontophoresis for 10 min. Sensitivity and specificity were assessed using integrated area under response curve. In non-PAD patients, the EA by LDF in the upper extremity was significantly lower in the older patients compared to the younger patients. Conversely, EA by LDF detected no significant difference between these groups in the lower extremity.With c-PPG, the EA was slightly reduced in the upper but not in the lower extremity in older patients. Comparing PAD patients to the older patients, there was a significantly lower EA response in the upper and lower extremities by LDF. Likewise, c-PPG detected a highly significantly reduced EA in the upper and lower extremities for PAD patients. These results indicated that using a noninvasive technique to determine EA, there were significant differences in the EA response to acetylcholine between those with PAD and normal patients over the age of 50. Importantly, the EA response was reduced in the upper and lower extremities, indicating systemic disease of the endothelium in PAD patients.
Self-Organizing Map Formation: Foundations of Neural Computation (2001)

From the Publisher:
This book provides an overview of self-organizing map formation, including recent developments. Self-organizing maps form a branch of unsupervised learning, which is the study of what can be determined about the statistical properties of input data without explicit feedback from a teacher. The articles are drawn from the journal Neural Computation.
The book consists of five sections. The first section looks at attempts to model the organization of cortical maps and at the theory and applications of the related artificial neural network algorithms. The second section analyzes topographic maps and their formation via objective functions. The third section discusses cortical maps of stimulus features. The fourth section discusses self-organizing maps for unsupervised data analysis. The fifth section discusses extensions of self-organizing maps, including two surprising applications of mapping algorithms to standard computer science problems: combinatorial optimization and sorting.
Contributors

J. J. Atick, H. G. Barrow, H. U. Bauer, C. M. Bishop, H. J. Bray, J. Bruske, J. M. L. Budd, M. Budinich, V. Cherkassky, J. Cowan, R. Durbin, E. Erwin, G. J. Goodhill, T. Graepel, D. Grier, S. Kaski, T. Kohonen, H. Lappalainen, Z. Li, J. Lin, R. Linsker, S. P. Luttrell, D. J. C. MacKay, K. D. Miller, G. Mitchison, F. Mulier, K. Obermayer, C. Piepenbrock, H. Ritter, K. Schulten, T. J. Sejnowski, S. Smirnakis, G. Sommer, M. Svensen, R. Szeliski, A. Utsugi, C. K. I. Williams, L. Wiskott, L. Xu, A. Yuille, J. Zhang.
General method for the asymmetric synthesis of anti-diastereoisomers of β-substituted<scp>L</scp>-2-aminobutanoic acids via chiral nickel(<scp>II</scp>) Schiff's base complexes of dehydroaminobutanoic acid. X-Ray crystal and molecular structure of the nickel(<scp>II</scp>) complex of the Schiff's base from [(benzylprolyl)amino]benzophenone and dehydroaminobutanoic acid (1990)

An efficient approach to the asymmetric synthesis of (L)-allo-isomers of β-substituted α-aminobutanoic acid is described. The chiral NiII complex of a Schiff's base derived from (S)-o-[N-(N-benzylprolyl)amino]benzophenone (BBP) and glycine was treated with acetaldehyde in MeOH. The addition proceeds with high diastereoselectivity to give, if catalysed by MeONa, the corresponding complex of (R)-threonine, and, if catalysed by Et3N, the corresponding complex of (S)-allo-threonine. The (R)-threonine complex was converted into the chiral NiII complex of dehydroaminobutanoic acid, and a X-ray diffraction structural study of its major isomer showed that the dehydroaminobutanoic acid moiety was in the E-configuration. The complex, in turn, entered into Michael addition reactions with nucleophiles, including MeOH, EtOH, PhSH, and PhCH2SH. The reaction proceeded with high diastereoselectivity, producing predominantly complexes of the allo-threonine derivatives (d.e. > 90%). Diastereoisomerically and enantiomerically pure α-amino acids were obtained after chromatographic purification, decomposition of the complexes, and recovery of the initial chiral auxiliary, BBP. The thiol addition reaction is accompanied by a side reaction leading to the formation of sizeable amounts of the vinylglycine complex. An approach to the synthesis of optically active vinylglycine starting with racemic methionine is described.
Neue β‐Lactam‐Antibiotika. Über Derivate der 3‐Hydroxy‐7‐amino‐ceph‐3‐em‐4‐carbonsäure. Modifikationen von Antibiotika, 10. Mitteilung [1] (1974)

Abstract 3‐Hydroxy‐ceph‐3‐em‐esters 5 a – c , versatile intermediates for the preparation of new β‐lactam antibiotics, were obtained by ozonolysis of the corresponding 3‐methylidene‐esters 3 a – c . Reduction and elimination gave the 3‐unsubstituted ester 13 ; derivatives 16 a – c and 20 – 22 resulted from O‐alkylation. The 3‐methoxy‐esters 16 a – c were converted into the corresponding acids 23 a – d . Several other transformations of the β‐ketoester system are described.