gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype-Specific Interaction Patterns with Synthetic Heparins and Other Glycans (2013)

All currently identified primary receptors of adeno-associated virus (AAV) are glycans. Depending on the AAV serotype, these carbohydrates range from heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG), through glycans with terminal α2-3 or α2-6 sialic acids, to terminal galactose moieties. Receptor identification has largely relied on binding to natural compounds, defined glycan-presenting cell lines, or enzyme-mediated glycan modifications. Here, we describe a comparative binding analysis of highly purified, fluorescent-dye-labeled AAV vectors of various serotypes on arrays displaying over 600 different glycans and on a specialized array with natural and synthetic heparins. Few glycans bind AAV specifically in a serotype-dependent manner. Differential glycan binding was detected for the described sialic acid-binding AAV serotypes 1, 6, 5, and 4. The natural heparin binding serotypes AAV2, -3, -6, and -13 displayed differential binding to selected synthetic heparins. AAV7, -8, -rh.10, and -12 did not bind to any of the glycans present on the arrays. For discrimination of AAV serotypes 1 to 6 and 13, minimal binding moieties are identified. This is the first study to differentiate the natural mixed heparin binding AAV serotypes 2, 3, 6, and 13 by differential binding to specific synthetic heparins. Also, sialic acid binding AAVs display differential glycan binding specificities. The findings are relevant for further dissection of AAV host cell interaction. Moreover, the definition of single AAV-discriminating glycan binders opens the possibility for glycan microarray-based discrimination of AAV serotypes in gene therapy.
Passive piezoelectric subordinate oscillator arrays (2019)

Subordinate oscillator arrays (SOAs) attached to a host structure have been shown to achieve flat attenuation of the frequency response over a band around a target natural frequency of the host. Due to their sensitivity to disorders that can arise from sources such as fabrication errors, as well as uncertainties in their structural properties or that of the host, SOAs can be challenging to implement in some applications. To overcome this shortcoming, piezoelectric subordinate oscillator arrays (PSOAs) are studied in this paper. This paper models PSOAs using variational principles to facilitate the analysis and development of design strategies. A closed-form expression for the frequency response function of the host structure is then used to design the PSOAs with and without uncertainties. This paper shows that the flat attenuation over a frequency band around a harmonic of the host can be achieved by assigning a distribution to the mechanical, electrical, or electromechanical properties of the PSOAs. For instance, it is shown that choosing a distribution of capacitive shunt circuits can achieve essentially the same qualitatively flat attenuation as that of classical SOAs. In this sense, the approach in this paper generalizes the results attained for conventional SOAs. Finally, the paper investigates the robustness of PSOAs, that is, their relative insensitivity to types of uncertainties. It is shown that PSOAs afford the chance to ameliorate some types of sensitivities that prove problematic for SOAs that are purely mechanical in nature. The notion of performance recovery is introduced; this measure quantifies how much attenuation loss due to uncertainty in an initial SOA or PSOA design can be recovered by modification of the electrical properties alone.
Broadband proton decoupled natural abundance <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectroscopy of humans at 1.5 T (1989)

The feasibility of broadband proton decoupled in vivo 13C NMR spectroscopy of humans at 1.5 T was explored. A dual surface coil set-up was used, comprising a circular 13C coil and a butterfly 1H decoupling coil placed at one third of its width away from the body. A calibration procedure was introduced to evaluate the specific absorption rate (SAR) in any gram of tissue for the inhomogeneous decoupling field generated by a surface coil. For the WALTZ-4 sequence it was demonstrated that broadband decoupled spectra of both subcutaneous adipose and underlying muscle or liver tissue could be obtained at 1.5 T without exceeding recommended maximum SAR values. Broadband decoupling caused an additional resolution enhancement ascribed to the removal of (1H-13C) long range couplings. Broadband proton decoupled spectra of subcutaneous adipose tissue were obtained in less than 10 min showing highly resolved and intense signals of fully relaxed carbon spin systems of triacylglycerols. Broadband proton decoupled 13C NMR spectra of calf muscle showed several resonances for metabolites resolved from triacylglycerol signals (e.g. C1-C5 of glycogen, C4 of histidine, aromatic and carbonyl carbons of aminoacids and N linked carbons of ethanolamine, choline and creatine). With an acquisition time of 20-30 min, the C1 glycogen signal was observed with a root mean square signal-to-noise ratio of about 15. Not only the glycogen C1 signal but also its C2-C6 signals could be monitored in dynamic studies. Finally broadband proton decoupled 13C spectra were obtained with signals from liver tissue (notably the carbons of glycogen).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cloning of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) synthase genes of<i>Rhodobacter sphaeroides</i>and<i>Rhodospirillum rubrum</i>and heterologous expression in<i>Alcaligenes eutrophus</i> (1992)

From genomie libraries of the purple nonsulfur bacteria Rhodospirill,~m rubmm Ha and Rho,tobacter sphaeroides ATCC 17023 in tile broad-host range cosmid pVKI00, we cloned a 15-and a 14-kbp Hindlll restriction fragment, respectively.Each of these fragments restored the ability to accumulate poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), in the PHB.negative mutant A/ca#genes eutrophus PHB-4.These hybrid cosmids also complemented PHB-negative mutants derived from wild-type R. mbmrn or R. sphaeroides.Both fragments hybridized with the PHB synthase structural gene of A. eutrophus HI6 and conferred the ability to express PHB synthase activity.Only the 15-kbp Hindlll fragment from R. rubrum conferred on the mutant PHB-4 the abil-
Solid-state phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of synthetic solid phases of calcium phosphate: potential models of bone mineral (1984)

Phosphorus-31 NMR spectra have been obtained from a variety of synthetic, solid calcium phosphate mineral phases by magic angle sample spinning. The samples include crystalline hydroxyapatite, two type B carbonatoapatites containing 3.2 and 14.5% CO3(2-), respectively, a hydroxyapatite in which approximately 12% of the phosphate groups are present as HPO4(2-), an amorphous calcium phosphate, monetite, brushite, and octacalcium phosphate. Spectra were observed by the standard Bloch decay and cross-polarization techniques, as well as by a dipolar suppression sequence, in order to distinguish between protonated and unprotonated phosphate moieties. The spectra of the synthetic calcium phosphates provide basic information that is essential for interpreting similar spectra obtained from bone and other calcified tissues.
Prognostic significance of the expression of a ras protein with a molecular weight of 21,000 by human breast cancer. (1987)

Expression of the cellular ras Mr 21,000 protein (p21) has been measured in tumors from breast cancer patients who at time of presentation had no evidence of metastatic disease. Western blotting analysis revealed that 37 of 54 (69%) tumors contained p21 levels 2- to 10-fold greater than those of control breast tissues. An excessive increase of p21 (5- to 10-fold over the control value) occurred more frequently in tumors of T3 and T4 stages [15 of 25 (60%)] than in tumors at T2 stage [6 of 29 (21%)], suggesting a correlation between advancement of disease and high p21 levels. p21 levels were positively related to the involvement of axillary lymph nodes at the time of primary treatment. As no correlations were detected between p21 levels and a gross pathological parameter, tumor grade, it is possible that p21 levels may reflect the degree of cellular malignancy. This is supported by data on tumor recurrence; 13 of 16 patients (81%) with tumors expressing low p21 levels were disease free for greater than or equal to 4 years after primary treatment, whereas only 5 of 9 patients (56%) with high p21 tumors remained disease free. These results suggested that a quantitative enhancement of p21 oncogene protein is associated with both the progression and prognosis of breast cancer.
Integrated colloidal quantum dot photodetectors with color-tunable plasmonic nanofocusing lenses (2015)

High-sensitivity photodetection is at the heart of many optoelectronic applications, including spectroscopy, imaging, surveillance, remote sensing and medical diagnostics. Achieving the highest possible sensitivity for a given photodetector technology requires the development of ultra-small-footprint detectors, as the noise sources scale with the area of the detector. This must be accomplished while sacrificing neither the optically active area of the detector nor its responsivity. Currently, such designs are based on diffraction-limited approaches using optical lenses. Here, we employ a plasmonic flat-lens bull’s eye structure (BES) to concentrate and focus light into a nanoscale colloidal quantum dot (CQD) photodetector. The plasmonic lenses function as nanofocusing resonant structures that simultaneously offer color selectivity and enhanced sensitivity. Herein, we demonstrate the first CQD photodetector with a nanoscale footprint, the optically active area of which is determined by the BES; this detector represents an exciting opportunity for high-sensitivity sensing. A small, sensitive photodetector that combines a plasmonic lens with a colloidal quantum-dot active area has been made by a team in Spain. Silke Diedenhofen and co-workers from the Institute of Photonic Sciences in Barcelona integrated a flat bull’s eye structure plasmonic lens consisting of a series of corrugated concentric gold rings on a SiO2–Si substrate with an infrared detector made from colloidal PbS quantum dots. The plasmonic lens concentrates and focuses light onto the detector, resulting in a device that has a nanoscale footprint and enhanced sensitivity. The researchers say that they can control and shift the peak wavelength response of the detector within the visible and infrared regions by varying the geometry of the pitch, depth and width of the lens’ rings.
Local normal mode analysis of guided mode interactions with waveguide gratings (1988)

The reflection of a guided mode obliquely incident to a periodic, shallow, surface corrugation, waveguide grating is analyzed using the local normal mode expansion of coupled-mode theory. The coupling coefficients which give the strength of the TE-TE, TE-TM, TM-TE, and TM-TM mode interactions are evaluated as a function of incidence angle. The results are compared to the coupling coefficients obtained using a number of other analytical techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A simple model for calculating magnetic nanowire domain wall fringing fields (2012)

Abstract We present a new approach to calculating magnetic fringing fields from head-to-head type domain walls (DWs) in planar magnetic nanowires. In contrast to calculations based on micromagnetically simulated structures the descriptions of the fields are for the most part analytic and thus significantly less time and resource intensive. We begin with an intuitive picture of DWs, which is built upon in a phenomenological manner. The resulting models require no a priori knowledge of the magnetization structure, and facilitate calculation of fringing fields without any free parameters. Comparisons with fields calculated using micromagnetic methods show good quantitative agreement. We demonstrate that parameters key to atomic physics applications can easily be calculated with errors of around 10%. The model we present has greatest accuracy and hence utility for distances roughly greater than the width of the DW under consideration.
Malaysia (2017)

This chapter provides Malaysia profiles which includes key information about the relevant corporate sustainability and responsibility (CSR) history, country-specific issues, trends, research, education and leading organizations. Malaysia is a country of great diversity. CSR is not a freshly minted idea to Malaysians; the term might be new to some, but not the concept. CSR principles epitomise the fundamental religious and social values that have held together the very fabric of Malaysian society for millennia. A survey by the Ansted Social Responsibility International Award in Malaysia found that there has been an increase in the number of listed companies reporting on environmental and social responsibilities, compared with the results of a similar study conducted in 2007. The Malaysian government is expected to continue to place an emphasis on CSR practices, especially by listed companies. Telekom Malaysia is committed to a CSR programme in the area of education.
Effects of Protein Kinase C Modulators on Multidrug Resistance in Human Glioma Cells (1995)

TO IDENTIFY THE role of protein kinase C (PKC) in multidrug resistance, the effects of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), a PKC activator, or calphostin C, a PKC inhibitor, on intracellular vincristine accumulation and expression of P-glycoprotein phosphorylation were studied in one multidrug-resistant and three multidrug-sensitive human glioma cell lines. Basal PKC activities and immunoreactivities of PKC-α and −ζ were higher in multidrug-resistant cells than in multidrug-sensitive cells. There was no significant difference in the immunoreactivity of PKC-δ between multidrug-resistant and -sensitive cells, and immunoreactive PKC-β, −γ, and −ɛ were not detected in either multidrug-resistant or -sensitive cells. The treatment of multidrug-resistant cells with 100 nM PMA for 2 hours resulted in the activation not of PKC-ζ but of PKC-α, with concomitant decrease in vincristine accumulation and increase in P-glycoprotein phosphorylation. The exposure of multidrug-resistant cells to 100 nM PMA for 24 hours induced down-regulation not of PKC-ζ but of PKC-α, with concurrent decrease in vincristine accumulation, and reduced but still increased P-glycoprotein phosphorylation. The treatment of multidrug-resistant cells with 100 nM calphostin C for 2 hours decreased immunoreactive PKC-ζ and not immunoreactive PKC-α, inducing increase in vincristine accumulation, with concomitant decrease in P-glycoprotein phosphorylation. There was no evidence of significant change in vincristine accumulation in multidrug-sensitive cells treated with PMA or calphostin C. This may suggest that at least two isozymes of PKC, PKC-α and -ζ, are involved in P-glycoprotein phosphorylation and that vincristine efflux function in multidrug-resistant human glioma cells is closely associated with P-glycoprotein phosphorylation and is decreased by PKC inhibitor.
Radikalische Alkylierung von Chinonen: Erzeugung von Radikalen in Redoxreaktionen (1972)

Abstract C‐Radikale werden durch H‐Abstraktion aus dem organischen Lösungsmittel mit OH‐Radikalen (Fentons Reagenz) erzeugt. In Anwesenheit von Chinonen werden die Radikale abgefangen, wobei alkylierte Chinone gebildet werden. Die Alkylierung verläuft in guten Ausbeuten, wenn die Radikale durch oxydative Decarboxylierung von Carbonsäuren (mit Silberionen und Persulfat) erzeugt werden.
Isolation of Rat Hepatocytes (2006)

In vitro models, based on liver cells or tissues, are indispensable in the early preclinical phase of drug development. An important breakthrough in establishing cell models has been the successful high-yield preparation of intact hepatocytes. In this chapter, the practical aspects of the two-step collagenase perfusion method, modified from the original procedure of Seglen, are outlined. Although applicable to the liver of various species, including human, the practical aspects of the method are explained here for rat liver. Critical parameters for the successful isolation of primary rat hepatocytes are highlighted and a troubleshooting guide is provided. In addition, a new development based on the inhibition of histone deacetylase activity is presented. This approach allows inhibition of cell-cycle reentry during hepatocyte isolation, a process known to underlie the dedifferentiation process of cultured hepatocytes.
Tissue Plasminogen Activator (1988)

TISSUE plasminogen activator (t-PA) is a naturally occurring protein that catalyzes the conversion of the inactive proenzyme plasminogen into the active serine protease plasmin. It is one of two major endogenous mammalian enzymes with this property and is found in blood and tissue from various organs. Although it exerts a similar enzymatic action, it is structurally different from the other major endogenous enzyme, urokinase. t-PA was first identified as a product of melanoma cells in 1980,1 and Rijken and Collen2 first purified the enzyme from melanoma cells in culture one year later. The isolation of the complementary DNA coding for . . .
Exploring the Hydroxylation−Dehydrogenation Connection:  Novel Catalytic Activity of Castor Stearoyl-ACP Δ<sup>9</sup> Desaturase (2002)

The novel product profile obtained by incubating chiral fluorinated substrate analogues with castor stearoyl-ACP Delta(9) desaturase has been rationalized through a series of labeling studies. It was found that the introduction of the Z-double bond between C-9 and C-10 of the parent substrate occurs with pro-R enantioselectivity--a result that accounts for the observed stereochemistry of oxidation products derived from (9R)- and (9S)-9-fluorostearoyl-ACP. Oxidation of (9R)-9-fluorostearoyl-ACP occurs via at least two rapidly interchanging substrate conformations in the active site as detected by reaction pathway branching induced by deuteration at C-10 and C-11. Hydroxylation and desaturation of this substrate share the same site of initial oxidative attack.
Of Special Interest: Guidelines for School Libraries: Great Britain (1995)

The School Library Association (SLA) of Great Britain is producing a series of pamphlets on school library organization and use from which individual schools can create library handbooks that meet their particular needs. This approach offers flexibility for both publishers and users. Costs are kept low, the material can be updated easily, and current issues can be addressed quickly. This account of the process was written by a member of the SLA Publications Committee, which was responsible for developing the series.
Enhancing e-CRM in the Insurance Industry by Mobile e-Services (2005)

With customers increasingly demanding full-scale solutions, insurance companies are more and more forced to continuously increase their portfolio of products and services. As customers also expect the same quality and variety of services on every distribution channel, insurance companies need to find ways to present the right service at the right moment and at the right time. One possibility to meet this challenge is to use mobile technology presenting services to the customer. The paper presents an approach how to develop e-services and plan customer contacts with the usage of mobile technology. Essential aspects of mobile customer relationship management in the insurance industry are described first. After that a method for developing and planning service-contacts using mobile technology is introduced. Finally, some examples illustrate the specified approach.
Protein-Doped Monolithic Silica Columns for Capillary Liquid Chromatography Prepared by the Sol−Gel Method:  Applications to Frontal Affinity Chromatography (2004)

The development of bioaffinity chromatography columns that are based on the entrapment of biomolecules within the pores of sol-gel-derived monolithic silica is reported. Monolithic nanoflow columns are formed by mixing the protein-compatible silica precursor diglycerylsilane with a buffered aqueous solution containing poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO, MW 10,000) and the protein of interest and then loading this mixture into a fused-silica capillary (150-250-microm i.d.). Spinodal decomposition of the PEO-doped sol into two distinct phases prior to the gelation of the silica results in a bimodal pore distribution that produces large macropores (>0.1 microm), to allow good flow of eluent with minimal back pressure, and mesopores (approximately 3-5-nm diameter) that retain a significant fraction of the entrapped protein. Addition of low levels of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane is shown to minimize nonselective interactions of analytes with the column material, resulting in a column that is able to retain small molecules by virtue of their interaction with the entrapped biomolecules. Such columns are shown to be suitable for pressure-driven liquid chromatography and can be operated at relatively high flow rates (up to 500 microL x min(-1)) or with low back pressures (<100 psi) when used at flow rates of 5-10 microL x min(-1). The clinically relevant enzyme dihydrofolate reductase was entrapped within the bioaffinity columns and was used to screen mixtures of small molecules using frontal affinity chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. Inhibitors present in compound mixtures were retained via bioaffinity interactions, with the retention time being dependent on both the ligand concentration and the affinity of the ligand for the protein. The results suggest that such columns may find use in high-throughput screening of compound mixtures.
<i>Azospirillum</i> effects on susceptibility to <i>Rhizobium</i> nodulation and on nitrogen fixation of several forage legumes (1987)

Azospirillum brasilense Cd cell concentration of 10 5 –10 7 colony-forming units (cfu)/mL applied 24 h before Rhizobium (10 6 cfu/mL), increased nodule formation in the non root hair zone, more than twofold, in pouch-grown Medicagopolymorpha and Macroptilium atropurpureum seedlings, compared with Rhizobium alone. The increase in nodule formation in pouch-grown Trifolium alexandrinum following preinoculation with Azospirillum was 20%. The percentage of nodulated seedlings rose from 0 to 25% when Medicago polymorpha was preinoculated with Azospirillum followed by the application of 10 cfu/mL Rhizobium meliloti, a level which by itself was not sufficient to initiate nodule formation. Acetylene reduction activity in Medicago polymorpha and Macroptilium atropurpureum seedlings after inoculation with Azospirillum–Rhizobium was markedly increased. A possible reason for the increased susceptibility to Rhizobium infection may be that Azospirillum stimulates the formation of a larger number of epidermal cells that differentiate into infectable root hairs.