gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Character & consciousness in eighteenth-century comic fiction (1992)

The 18th-century novel developed amid an emerging emphasis on individualism that clashed with long-cherished beliefs in heriarchy and stability. Though the comic novelists, unlike Defoe and Richardson, avoided total involvement in the mind of any one character, they were nonetheless fundamentally concerned with the nature of consciousness. In Character and consciousness in 18th century comic fiction, Elizabeth Kraft examines the kind of consciousness central to comic novels of the period. It is, she asserts, individual identity conceived in social terms - a character's search for his or her plane in a precarious secular order. Understanding this concept of character is vitally important to a full appreciation of 18th-century comic fiction. To respond validly to these fictional characters, Kraft claims, the 20th-century reader must recapture, or recreate, the 18th-century self. In readings of five novels - Henry Fielding's Tom Jones, Charlotte Lennox's Female Quixote, Laurence Sterne's Tristram Shandy, Tobias Smolett's Peregrine Pickle, and Fanny Burney's Cecilia - Kraft explores the relationships among consciousness, character, and comic narrative. Fielding, Lennox, and Sterne, she argues, question the validity of narratives of consciousness. Each seeks to define the limitations as well as the virtues of the form in representing individual and communal lives. Smollet and Burney, on the other hand, address a readership that expects the novel to offer meaningful renderings of personal experience. These novelists accept the validity of the narrative of consciousness but place this narrative within the context of the larger community. As a thorough analysis of relations between narrative and the construction of character and consciousness, Kraft's study should prove an important addition to our understanding of the theoretical formulations of 18th-century fiction.
Demo: The Sound of Silence (2017)

Sign Language is a natural and fully-fledged communication method for deaf and hearing-impaired people. In this demo, we propose the first SmartWatch-based American sign language (ASL) recognition system, which is more comfortable, portable and user-friendly and offers accessibility anytime, anywhere. This system is based on the intuitive idea that each sign has its specific motion pattern which can be transformed into unique gyroscope and accelerometer signals and then analyzed and learned by using Long-Short term memory recurrent neural network (LSTM-RNN) trained with connectionist temporal classification (CTC). In this way, signs and context information can be correctly recognized based on an off-the-shelf device (eg. SmartWatch, Smartphone). The experiments show that, in the Known user split task, our system reaches an average word error rate of 7.29% to recognize 73 sentences formed by 103 ASL signs and achieves detection ratio up to 93.7% for a single sign. The result also shows our system has a good adaptation, even including new users, it can achieve an average word error rate of 21.6% at the sentence level and reach an average detection ratio of 79.4%. Moreover, our system performs real time ASL translation, outputting the speech within 1.69 seconds for a sentence of 12 signs in average.
Quality Control after Cochlear Implant Surgery by Means of Rotational Tomography (2005)

The impact of these findings may influence further developments of electrode arrays as well as surgical techniques for implantation.
A retrospective view of FA/C distributed problem solving (1991)

The functionally accurate, cooperative (FA/C) paradigm provides a model for task decomposition and agent interaction in a distributed problemsolving system. In this model, agents need not have all the necessary information locally to solve their subproblems, and agents interact through the asynchronous, co-routine exchange of partial results. This model leads to the possibility that agents may behave in an uncoordinated manner. The author traces the development of a series of increasingly sophisticated cooperative control mechanisms for coordinating agents. They include integrating data- and goal-directed control, using static metalevel information specified by an organizational structure, and using dynamic metalevel information developed in partial global planning. The framework of distributed search motivates these developments. Major themes are the importance of sophisticated local control, the interplay between local control and cooperative control, and the use of satisficing cooperative control. Ongoing and new directions for research in FA/C systems are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
RNAi-mediated gene silencing reveals involvement of <i>Arabidopsis</i> chromatin-related genes in <i>Agrobacterium</i> -mediated root transformation (2007)

We investigated the effect of RNAi-mediated gene silencing of 109 Arabidopsis thaliana chromatin-related genes (termed "chromatin genes" hereafter) on Agrobacterium-mediated root transformation. Each of the RNAi lines contains a single- or low-copy-number insertion of a hairpin construction that silences the endogenous copy of the target gene. We used three standard transient and stable transformation assays to screen 340 independent RNAi lines, representing 109 target genes, for the rat (resistant to Agrobacterium transformation) phenotype. Transformation frequency was not affected by silencing 85 of these genes. Silencing of 24 genes resulted in either a weak or strong rat phenotype. The rat mutants fell into three general groups: (i) severely dwarfed plants exhibiting a strong rat phenotype (CHC1); (ii) developmentally normal plants showing a reduced response to three transformation assays (HAG3, HDT1, HDA15, CHR1, HAC1, HON5, HDT2, GTE2, GTE4, GTE7, HDA19, HAF1, NFA2, NFA3, SGA1, and SGB2); or (iii) varying response among the three transformation assays (DMT1, DMT2, DMT4, SDG1, SDG15, SDG22, and SDG29). A direct molecular assay indicated that SGA1, HDT1, and HDT2 are important for T-DNA integration into the host genome in Arabidopsis roots.
Taxonomic and phylogenetic divergence among five <i>Scutellospora</i> species based on comparative developmental sequences (1995)

Morphological characters synthesized from differentiation of mycorrhizae and spores were defined developmentally and their stability examined among eight organisms of five Scutellospora species (Glomales, Zygomycetes). Morphology and architecture of fungal hyphae at entry points in Sudan-grass roots were similar to that observed in other Scutellospora species. Surface topology of extraradical auxiliary cell were similar among the taxa studied, and intermediate between that of Gigaspora and other Scutellospora species. Spore differentiation was partitioned into four discrete stages: differentiation of layers in the spore wall (stages 1 and 2), subsequent formation of a bilayered flexible inner wall (stage 3), and lastly, the synthesis of a germination shield (stage 4). Spore growth (expansion) was coupled only with stages 1 and 2. Stages of differentiation could be homologized among taxa because of their division and stability in ontogenesis. Stage 3 was shared by all five Scutellospora species, thus uniting them, together with S. castanea, in a monophyletic group. Species-level divergence in this group was expressed only in properties of spore wall layers. Stages 1–3 were homologous with the first three of five stages in differentiation of S. heterogama spores. These shared stages suggest a pattern of Haecklian recapitulation in the evolution of flexible inner walls and both a historical and a contemporaneous link between all flexible inner walls and germination events. Thus, developmentally defined morphological characters provide a causal linkage between the taxonomic hierarchy and a hierarchy in evolution of spore subcellular structure and also suggest causal relationships between form and function.
Current sensor using heterodyne detection (1999)

Based on the Faraday effect for measuring ac current, we describe a fiber-optic sensor that uses laser-diode intensity modulation to perform heterodyne signal detection. The sensor output at the carrier frequency is used as a reference signal to normalize the results. The sensing element consists of a few coils low-birefringence fibers between polarizers. We built the current sensor described above and tested its performance--sensitivity and noise--as functions of the angle between polarizers.
Usable Authentication in EBusiness: Challenges and Opportunities (2011)

The traditional approach of system centered security seems to be inadequate for consumer ebusiness models where the user plays a critical role to ensure computer security. Moreover, human factors are increasingly being exploited for defeating security as evidenced by ever increasing trend in human-centered attacks. Although many of the attacks exploiting human aspects generally do not require high technical skills, their detection and prevention are usually complex. Valid user authentication requires both customer and ebusiness correctly authenticating each other. As would be seen in the paper, usable security plays a crucial role in this mutual authentication process. The paper surveys the major research findings in the area, explores the cotemporary industry practices and discusses some potential future directions.
Hubot: A three state Human-Robot collaborative framework for bimanual surgical tasks based on learned models (2016)

The recent evolution of surgical robots has resolved a number of ergonomic issues associated with conventional minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in terms of aligned visiomotor axes, motion scaling and ergonomics. One of the latest advances is the introduction of human-robot cooperative control combining features such as active constraints, machine learning and automated movements. This paper aims to integrate these techniques into a framework which can be generalized to a wide range of surgical tasks. This paper proposes a system entitled Hubot; a Human-Robot collaborative framework which combines the strengths of the surgeon, the advantages of robotics and learning from demonstration into a single system. Hubot was successfully implemented on a Raven II surgical robot and a user study was conducted to evaluate its performance. Both a training and a simulated clinical case were investigated and showed promising results in comparison to fully manual task execution, including reduced completion time, fewer movements for the operator and improved efficiency.
Mass Spectrometry in Structural and Stereochemical Problems. LXXII.<sup>1</sup> A Study of the Fragmentation Processes of Some Tobacco Alkaloids<sup>2</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMass Spectrometry in Structural and Stereochemical Problems. LXXII.1 A Study of the Fragmentation Processes of Some Tobacco Alkaloids2A. M. Duffield, H. Budzikiewicz, and Carl DjerassiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 13, 2926–2932Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01091a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01091a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views236Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
External Reinforcement of Varicose Veins with PTFE prosthesis in Infrainguinal Bypass Surgery - Clinical Results (2003)

External reinforcement with a PTFE prosthesis allows the use of autogenous greater saphenous veins with varicose dilatation and enables the construction of all autogenous bypasses with promising graft patency and limb salvage.
Extracting Scientific Figures with Distantly Supervised Neural Networks (2018)

Non-textual components such as charts, diagrams and tables provide key information in many scientific documents, but the lack of large labeled datasets has impeded the development of data-driven methods for scientific figure extraction. In this paper, we induce high-quality training labels for the task of figure extraction in a large number of scientific documents, with no human intervention. To accomplish this we leverage the auxiliary data provided in two large web collections of scientific documents (arXiv and PubMed) to locate figures and their associated captions in the rasterized PDF. We share the resulting dataset of over 5.5 million induced labels---4,000 times larger than the previous largest figure extraction dataset---with an average precision of 96.8%, to enable the development of modern data-driven methods for this task. We use this dataset to train a deep neural network for end-to-end figure detection, yielding a model that can be more easily extended to new domains compared to previous work. The model was successfully deployed in Semantic Scholar,\footnote\urlhttps://www.semanticscholar.org/ a large-scale academic search engine, and used to extract figures in 13 million scientific documents.\footnoteA demo of our system is available at \urlhttp://labs.semanticscholar.org/deepfigures/,and our dataset of induced labels can be downloaded at \urlhttps://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/ai2-s2-research-public/deepfigures/jcdl-deepfigures-labels.tar.gz. Code to run our system locally can be found at \urlhttps://github.com/allenai/deepfigures-open.
Transcriptional Regulation of the <i>mdm2</i> Oncogene by p53 Requires TRRAP Acetyltransferase Complexes (2002)

The p53 tumor suppressor regulates the cellular response to genetic damage through its function as a sequence-specific transcription factor. Among the most well-characterized transcriptional targets of p53 is the mdm2 oncogene. Activation of mdm2 is critical in the p53 pathway because the mdm2 protein marks p53 for proteosome-mediated degradation, thereby providing a negative-feedback loop. Here we show that the ATM-related TRRAP protein functionally cooperates with p53 to activate mdm2 transcription. TRRAP is a component of several multiprotein acetyltransferase complexes implicated in both transcriptional regulation and DNA repair. In support of a role for these complexes in mdm2 expression, we show that transactivation of the mdm2 gene is augmented by pharmacological inhibition of cellular deacetylases. In vitro analysis demonstrates that p53 directly binds to a TRRAP domain previously shown to be an activator docking site. Furthermore, transfection of cells with antisense TRRAP blocks p53-dependent transcription of mdm2. Finally, using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we demonstrate direct p53-dependent recruitment of TRRAP to the mdm2 promoter, followed by increased histone acetylation. These findings suggest a model in which p53 directly recruits a TRRAP/acetyltransferase complex to the mdm2 gene to activate transcription. In addition, this study defines a novel biochemical mechanism utilized by the p53 tumor suppressor to regulate gene expression.
Analysis of the microRNA expression profile of normal human dermal papilla cells treated with 5α-dihydrotestosterone (2012)

Clinical evidence has demonstrated that the accumulation of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in dermal papilla cells (DPCs) is implicated in androgenetic alopecia. Whether this accumulation in DHT may have direct cellular effects leading to androgenetic alopecia remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to determine whether DHT affects cell growth, cell cycle arrest, cell death, senescence and the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and whether these effects are mediated by microRNA (miRNA)-dependent mechanisms. The cell viability and cell cycle were determined, levels of ROS were examined and senescence-associated β-galactosidase assays were performed in normal human DPCs (nHDPCs). Furthermore, miRNA expression profiling was performed using an miRNA microarray to determine whether changes in the expression levels of miRNA were associated with the cellular effects of DHT. The results revealed that DHT decreased cell growth by inducing cell death and G2 cell cycle arrest, and by increasing the production of ROS and senescence in the nHDPCs. In addition, 55 miRNAs were upregulated and 6 miRNAs were downregulated in the DHT-treated nHDPCs. Bioinformatic analysis demonstrated that the putative target genes of these upregulated and downregulated miRNAs were involved in cell growth, cell cycle arrest, cell death, senescence and the production of ROS. Specifically, the target genes of five highly upregulated and downregulated miRNAs were identified and were associated with the aforementioned effects of DHT. These results demonstrated that the expression of miRNA was altered in the DHT-treated nHDPCs and suggest the potential mechanisms of DHT-induced cell growth repression, cell cycle arrest, cell death, senescence and induction of ROS.
Peritoneal interleukin-10 increases with decrease in activated CD4+ T lymphocytes in women with endometriosis (1997)

This study was performed to determine whether peritoneal T cells are suppressed in the CD4+ or CD8+ T cell subpopulation and whether they are Th1 or Th2 predominant in women with endometriosis. Immune cells in the peritoneal fluid (PF) were obtained from women undergoing laparoscopy for endometriosis or tubal ligation. Three-colour flow cytometry was utilized for immunophenotyping of peritoneal fluid mononuclear cells (PFMC). Concentrations of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) produced by PFMC with and without mitogen stimulation and concentrations of IL-10 and IL-12 were measured in PF. The peritoneal T lymphocytes were predominantly of the Th1 type that produced much more IFN-gamma but less IL-4 or IL-5 in women with or without endometriosis. The decrease in peritoneal lymphocytes was significant in the HLA-DR+ CD4+ CD3+ subpopulation and the concentrations of peritoneal IL-10 and IL-12 were significantly elevated in women with early stage endometriosis. There was impaired IL-5 production by PFMC after phytohaemagglutinin stimulation in women with advanced stage endometriosis. We concluded that the activated peritoneal CD4+ Th1 cells from the women with endometriosis were decreased in number. The suppression of these T cells may be due to the elevation of IL-10 and IL-12 in the peritoneal fluid.
Phase transitions of <i>Acholeplasma laidlawii</i> membranes The involvement of Mg<sup>2+</sup>‐ATPase in the C transition (1993)

Highly sensitive differential scanning calorimetry has been employed to study the phase transitions of A. laidlawii membrane. The DSC curves obtained show five distinct transitions between 20 and 80 degrees C which contain a reversible lipid thermotropic transition at about 37 degrees C and four irreversible denaturation transitions of the membrane proteins occurred at about 44 degrees C, 52 degrees C, 62 degrees C, and 67 degrees C, respectively. Total enthalpy of the thermal denaturation of membrane proteins is 3.4 +/- 0.5 cal/g. Further study of A. laidlawii membrane preparations by means of thermal gel analysis and enzyme activity measurements at various temperatures provided information that the third peak (C transition) of the DSC curve involved primarily with Mg(2+)-ATPase on A. laidlawii membranes.
DETECTION OF GAS BUBBLE BOUNDARY MOVEMENT* (1986)

ABSTRACT High‐resolution seismic surveys were performed on an underground gas storage of Gaz de France at Gournay‐sur‐Aronde (Oise) in order to obtain information about gas bubble boundaries within the reservoir. For that purpose, a light seismic source Soursile and spreads with small spacing between geophone groups (10 m) and small geophone group extension (10 m or 20 m) were used. In December 1982, a line recorded on the top of the anticline structure of the gas reservoir provided an estimation of the lateral extension of the bubble based on an amplitude anomaly (dim spot) associated with reservoir seismic horizons. In order to estimate the displacement of the gas bubble within the reservoir, three lines were recorded on the southeastern part of the anticline at different time periods (April 1981 and January 1982) with different volumes of gas in the reservoir. It is assumed that a variation of gas volume introduces a seismic velocity variation and as a result a travel‐time variation for the seismic waves that pass through the reservoir. A method based on the residual time shifts observed on reflectors below the reservoir from one survey to the other was developed and implemented. This method permitted a detection of a movement gas bubble boundary between April 1981 and January 1982 which agrees with drill hole data (water level measurements).
Automated shadow mask inspection using DSP (2002)

Presents a new shadow mask inspection method which can detect the very small hole defects reliably and rapidly; the shadow mask line image data is periodical. The inspection method mainly depends on the fact that a small defect can be significantly emphasized in terms of the comparison between the image pixels departed by the period. In this paper, this comparison is implemented as the digital filtering algorithms, which can be rapidly processed by a DSP chip. In terms of the high speed line image sensing and fast algorithm by DSP, the whole inspection scheme sufficiently supports the real time shadow mask handing. From the experimental results, this scheme shows a reliable inspection capability for all types of individual hole defects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stability of triple helices containing RNA and DNA strands: experimental and molecular modeling studies (1993)

UV-absorption spectrophotometry and molecular modeling have been used to study the influence of the chemical nature of sugars (ribose or deoxyribose) on triple helix stability. For the Pyrimidine.purine* Pyrimidine motif, all eight combinations were tested with each of the three strands composed of either DNA or RNA. The chemical nature of sugars has a dramatic influence on triple helix stability. For each double helix composition, a more stable triple helix was formed when the third strand was RNA rather than DNA. No stable triple helix was detected when the polypurine sequence was made of RNA with a third strand made of DNA. Energy minimization studies using the JUMNA program suggested that interactions between the 2'-hydroxyl group of the third strand and the phosphates of the polypurine strand play an important role in determining the relative stabilities of triple-helical structures in which the polypyrimidine third strand is oriented parallel to the polypurine sequence. These interactions are not allowed when the third strand adopts an antiparallel orientation with respect to the target polypurine sequence, as observed when the third strand contains G and A or G and T/U. We show by footprinting and gel retardation experiments that an oligoribonucleotide containing G and A or G and U fails to bind double helical DNA, while the corresponding DNA oligomers form stable triple-helical complexes.