gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tracking of stem cells in vivo for cardiovascular applications (2014)

In the past ten years, the concept of injecting stem and progenitor cells to assist with rebuilding damaged blood vessels and myocardial tissue after injury in the heart and peripheral vasculature has moved from bench to bedside. Non-invasive imaging can not only provide a means to assess cardiac repair and, thereby, cellular therapy efficacy but also a means to confirm cell delivery and engraftment after administration. In this first of a two-part review, we will review the different types of cellular labeling techniques and the application of these techniques in cardiovascular magnetic resonance and ultrasound. In addition, we provide a synopsis of the cardiac cellular clinical trials that have been performed to-date.
Laser texturing to control the wettability of materials (2020)

Many applications of different materials are related to the properties of their surface. Wettability is a key property affecting applications in all fields: adhesives, lubricants, detergents, all types of coatings, implant integration, heat transmission, corrosion, etc. Laser texturing has been demonstrated to be an excellent technique to modify surface wettability of many different materials: polymers, metals, ceramics, or even natural stones. The relative simplicity and robustness of the results, together with the widespread availability of affordable industrial laser sources made laser texturing a very promising tool for modifying the surface of parts in manufacturing plants. In this paper we introduce the basics of the technique and show some examples of applications. On one hand, treating the surface of different polymers for biomedical applications. And on the other hand, the production of surfaces with extreme wettability properties is shown: superhydrophilic, superhydrophobic and omniphobic surfaces were obtained by laser texturing.
Membrane vesicle-mediated release of bacterial RNA (2015)

Many Gram-negative bacterial species release outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that interact with the host by delivering virulence factors. Here, we report for the first time that RNA is among the wide variety of bacterial components that are associated with OMVs. To characterize the RNA profiles of bacterial OMVs, we performed RNA deep sequencing analysis using OMV samples isolated from a wild type Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor strain. The results showed that RNAs originating from intergenic regions were the most abundant. Our findings reveal a hitherto unrecognised feature of OMVs mimicking eukaryotic exosomes and highlight a need to evaluate the potential role of RNA-containing bacterial membrane vesicles in bacteria-host interactions.
Genome Sequence of Temperate Vibrio parahaemolyticus Bacteriophage vB_VpaS_MAR10 (2012)

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is recognized as one of the main causes of human gastroenteritis associated with seafood. We have fully sequenced the genome of a newly isolated phage, vB_VpaS_MAR10, which lysed 61.9% of the V. parahaemolyticus strains tested. Phage MAR10 is a temperate siphovirus, and its genome consists of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) with a size of 78,751 bp, a G+C content of 49.70%, and 104 open reading frames. Bioinformatic analysis shows that phage MAR10 is closely related to Vibrio phage SSP002.
Comparing large-scale 3D Gauss–Newton and BFGS CSEM inversions (2016)

Electromagnetic signals are exponentially attenuated in conductive media. Thus, marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) data where the source and the receivers are located in the water column has exponentially low sensitivity towards the deep stratigraphy, compared to the shallow stratigraphy. In addition, CSEM inversions are also highly non-linear and ill-posed. It is therefore often difficult to achieve good inversion results for the deeper part of the subsurface using gradient based inversion methods. In this abstract, we describe a large-scale 3-dimensional anisotropic Gauss-Newton (3DGN) CSEM inversion implementation and discuss its advantages over gradient based algorithms. We also show, by synthetic and real data case studies, the large improvements in the 3DGN inversion results compared to those from the Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) algorithm. Presentation Date: Tuesday, October 18, 2016 Start Time: 3:45:00 PM Location: 174 Presentation Type: ORAL
Off-Day Scheduling with Hierarchical Worker Categories (1991)

A work force includes workers of m types. The worker categories are ordered, with type-1 workers the most highly qualified, type-2 the next, and so on. If the need arises, a type-k worker is able to substitute for a worker of any type j greater than k (k = 1, ..., m - 1). For 7-day-a-week operation, daily requirements are for at least Dk workers of type-k or better, of which at least dk must be precisely type-k. Formulas are given to find the smallest number and most economical mix of workers, assuming that each worker must have 2 off-days per week and a given fraction of weekends off. Algorithms are presented which generate a feasible schedule, and provide work stretches between 2 and 5 days, and consecutive weekdays off when on duty for 2 weekends in a row, without additional staff.
Multiple Stages in the Aging of a Physical Polymer Gel (2008)

We use multispeckle dynamic light scattering to study the dynamics of physical gelation of methylcellulose in water. Following a temperature ramp to above 55 °C, a polymer network is formed which can be destroyed upon cooling the gel. We monitor this process by detecting the total scattered light intensity which shows large hysteresis during the heating−cooling cycle. Following the temperature ramp, there is a fast initial buildup of intensity, followed by a very slow and relatively small increase. The speckle pattern does not equilibrate after very long aging times (of the order of days), even after the total scattered intensity has almost stabilized, a consequence of very slow microscopic reorganization taking place in the gel. The correlation between a speckle pattern taken at a specific aging time and subsequent patterns decays with a characteristic time that increases dramatically with the age of the gel. We find that the decay of the correlation function cannot be fitted by a single functional form in the different stages of aging; instead, four distinct stages are observed, each of which can be fitted by a different decay function. Such multiple stage relaxation is not observed in other soft condensed matter systems. On the basis of our results and those of previous studies, we argue that gelation proceeds via slow coalescence and aggregation of hydrophobic chain segments, followed by optimization of hydrophobic contacts (effective cross-links) which is opposed by network stresses due to chain stretching.
Generation of square waves from programmable frequency dividers (1980)

A simple method for frequency dividing a symmetrical square input wave-form to generate a symmetrical square output, the modulus of the division being either oven or odd, is described.
Environnement littoral. Sédimentation et biodiversité de l’Estran. Île de Noirmoutier (Vendée) (2011)

Bernier Paul, Gruet Yves. Environnement littoral. Sédimentation et biodiversité de l’Estran. Île de Noirmoutier (Vendée). In: Documents des Laboratoires de Géologie, Lyon. Hors-série n°10, 2011. Environnement littoral. Sédimentation et biodiversité de l’Estran. Île de Noirmoutier (Vendée) pp. 3-163.
MALDI–TOF Mass Spectrometry of Polyphenylene Dendrimers up to the Megadalton Range. Elucidating Structural Integrity of Macromolecules at Unrivaled High Molecular Weights (2014)

A complete homologous series of polyphenylene dendrimers up to the ninth generation (G9) corresponding to a theoretical molecular weight of 1.9 MDa was characterized by MALDI–TOF mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometry of synthetic polymers at extreme high masses is still uncommon to date and the underlying probable reasons are discussed. The measurements provided insight into the structural integrity, especially for the highest generations which could not be obtained by standard analytical tools for polymer characterization, such as gel permeation chromatography. The degree of structural integrity was elucidated by comparison of the measured molecular weights with theoretical molecular weights, calculated for the perfect structures. As a result, the dendrimers own structural perfection up to G4 and show increasing deviations with each higher generation starting at G5. The deviations could be partially attributed to a systematic error of the measurements but mainly to an increasing number of missing branches inside the dendrimers. The detected changes within the homologues series were discussed with respect to polymer-chemical aspects of the divergent route of dendrimer synthesis. Overall the whole dendrimer series shows very narrow polydispersity values below 1.005 which confirm the high structural integrity of these giant molecules up to a diameter of 33 nm, which can be considered as molecularly defined nanosized particles.
Variable voltage task scheduling algorithms for minimizing energy/power (2003)

In this paper, we propose variable voltage task scheduling algorithms that minimize energy or minimize peak power for the case when the task arrival times, deadline times, execution times, periods, and switching activities are given. We consider aperiodic (earliest due date, earliest deadline first), as well as periodic (rate monotonic, earliest deadline first) scheduling algorithms. We use the Lagrange multiplier method to theoretically determine the relation between the task voltages such that the energy or peak power is minimum, and then develop an iterative algorithm that satisfies the relation. The asymptotic complexity of the existing scheduling algorithms change very mildly with the application of the proposed algorithms. We show experimentally (random experiments as well as real-life cases), that the voltage assignment obtained by the proposed low-complexity algorithm is very close to that of the optimal energy (0.1% error) and optimal peak power (1% error) assignment.
15 The Function of the Subtalar Joint (1967)

CLOSE, J. R. M.D.; INMAN, V. T. Ph.D., M.D.; POOR, P. M. B.A.; TODD, F. N. B.A. Author Information
Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Rapid and Semiquantitative Detection of Loa loa Infection (2014)

Rapid and accurate tests are currently needed to identify individuals with high levels of Loa loa microfilaria (mf), so that these individuals may be excluded from mass ivermectin administration campaigns against onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis being conducted in areas where Onchocerca volvulus, Wuchereria bancrofti, and L. loa are coendemic. To address this need, colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays targeting the L. loa-specific gene sequences LLMF72 and LLMF342 were developed for the detection and quantification of L. loa microfilaremia. Both LAMP assays were highly specific (100%) for L. loa infection compared to the absence of infection or infection with related filarial pathogens. The LLMF72-based LAMP assay showed greater analytic sensitivity (limit of detection, 0.1 pg/ml of genomic DNA [gDNA] and/or 5 mf/ml) than the LLMF342-based LAMP assay (10 pg/ml of gDNA and/or 50 mf/ml), and its analytic sensitivity was similar to that of LLMF72-based quantitative PCR (qPCR). A high level of correlation was observed between microfilaria counts as determined by LLMF72-based qPCR and time to positivity by the LAMP assay, and performance measures of sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were similar for both assays when applied to field-collected clinical samples. By simply varying the run time, the LAMP assay was able to accurately distinguish individuals at risk for serious adverse events (SAEs) after exposure to ivermectin, using thresholds of >5,000 mf/ml and >30,000 mf/ml as indicators of increasing levels of risk. In summary, LLMF72 LAMP represents a new molecular diagnostic tool that is readily applicable as a point-of-care method for L. loa microfilarial detection and quantification in resource-limited countries where L. loa infection is endemic.
Highly Conserved RNA Sequences That Are Sensors of Environmental Stress (1998)

The putative function of highly conserved regions (HCRs) within 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs) as regulatory RNA sequences was efficiently and quantitatively assessed by using modular retroviral vectors. This strategy led to the identification of HCRs that alter gene expression in response to oxidative or mitogenic stress. Databases were screened for UTR sequences of >100 nucleotides that had retained 70% identity over more than 300 million years of evolution. The effects of 10 such HCRs on a standard reporter mRNA or protein were studied. To this end, we developed a modular retroviral vector that can allow for a direct comparison of the effects of different HCRs on gene expression independent of their gene-intrinsic 5'UTR, promoter, protein coding region, or poly(A) sequence. Five of the HCRs tested decreased mRNA steady-state levels 2- to 10-fold relative to controls, presumably by altering mRNA stability. One HCR increased translation, and one decreased translation. Elevated mitogen levels caused four HCRs to increase protein levels twofold. One HCR increased protein levels fourfold in response to hypoxia. Although nonconserved UTR sequences may also have a role, these results provide evidence that sequences that are highly conserved during evolution are good candidates for RNA motifs with posttranscriptional regulatory functions in gene expression.
Controlled Synthesis of Cross-Linked Ultrathin Polymer Films by Using Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (2001)

Ambient-temperature atom transfer radical polymerization of ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate from a surface yields homogeneous, cross-linked polymer films. The absence of polymerization in solution in this "living" procedure avoids physisorption and gives uniform, cross-linked films with controlled thicknesses from 3 to 300 nm.
Keap1 facilitates p62-mediated ubiquitin aggregate clearance via autophagy (2010)

The accumulation of ubiquitin-positive protein aggregates has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, heart disease and diabetes. Emerging evidence indicates that the autophagy lysosomal pathway plays a critical role in the clearance of ubiquitin aggregates, a process that is mediated by the ubiquitin binding protein p62. In addition to binding ubiquitin, p62 also interacts with LC3 and transports ubiquitin conjugates to autophagosomes for degradation. The exact regulatory mechanism of this process is still largely unknown. Here we report the identification of Keap1 as a binding partner for p62 and LC3. Keap1 inhibits Nrf2 by sequestering it in the cytosol and preventing its translocation to the nucleus and activation of genes involved in the oxidative stress response. In this study, we found that Keap1 interacts with p62 and LC3 in a stress-inducible manner, and that Keap1 colocalizes with LC3 and p62 in puromycin-induced ubiquitin aggregates. Moreover, p62 serves as a bridge between Keap1 and ubiquitin aggregates and autophagosomes. Finally, genetic ablation of Keap1 leads to the accumulation of ubiquitin aggregates, increased cytotoxicity of misfolded protein aggregates, and defective activation of autophagy. Therefore, this study assigns a novel positive role of Keap1 in upregulating p62-mediated autophagic clearance of ubiquitin aggregates.
Recovery of carbon dioxide from flue gas streams by vacuum swing adsorption (2005)

Pressure swing adsorption is a widely accepted technology for gas separation. Recently, there has been interest in using this technology for carbon dioxide capture from exhaust gases to help mitigate global warming. In this study, separation of CO2 from flue gases containing 10% CO2 in nitrogen by VSA (vacuum swing adsorption) using zeolite 13X was studied theoretically. Application of control loops within our simulation leads to a constrained CSS (cyclic steady state) solution which satisfies the designed specifications, that is, some dependent variables in the PSA system are forced to reach their preset target values at CSS by adjusting those parameters with PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) algorithms. This technique mimics actual operation and hence our simulation is able to match experimental data closely. In this study, we compare and analyse two different rectifying VSA cycles: one with and one without product purge. The latter feature is added to enhance CO2 purity and productivity. The effect of each step and operating condition in the VSA cycle (such as vacuum pressure, product purge flow-rate and step time) on the performance is determined. Implications for large scale CO2 capture are discussed particularly with respect to CO2 recovery and power consumption.
Interrupt aware queue implementation for energy efficient multitasking systems based on Cortex-M3 architecture (2014)

Modern micro-controllers provide enough processing power to benefit from the advantages of multitasking schedulers or operating systems even in the area of small, battery based or energy self-sustaining devices. Interrupt driven software designs provide maximum sleep times and energy savings in such devices. For a multitasking operating system, a software technique with minimal resource overhead must be found to transport data between interrupt service routines and tasks. This paper describes a queue implementation based on special low-level synchronization commands provided by the widespread Cortex-M3 micro-controller architecture. The proposed queue design provides a fast, low overhead data transport from task to task and between interrupt service routine and task. The implementation shows slightly lower latency (1%), higher bandwidth (18%) and has less memory overhead (33%) than the generic implementation provided by the well known FreeRTOS multitasking scheduler for embedded systems. It allows the use of multitasking schedulers even in ultra low energy embedded systems with few kilobytes of RAM.
Switched-capacitor lossless discrete differentiator with modified sample-and-hold sequence (1985)

For a design of a stray-insensitive switched-capacitor lossless discrete differentiator, a fundamental differentiator circuit and a special sample-and-hold sequence are proposed.
Partial synthesis of [1‐<sup>14</sup>C]phytanic acid (1980)

Abstract [1‐ 14 C] Phytanic acid has been prepared in good yield from the unlabeled acid. Pristanyl iodide, prepared from the latter by a modified Hunsdieker reaction, is converted to the corresponding [ 14 C]‐nitrile by reaction with sodium [ 14 C] cyanide in dimethyl sulphoxide; hydrolysis of the [ 14 C] nitrile yields [1‐ 14 C]phytanic acid. The labeled acid should prove to be a useful substrate for the diagnosis of Refsum's disease.
Improvement of CD uniformity in 180 nm LSI manufacturing by optimizing illumination system (2002)

Line width control is a key factor in LSI manufacturing. This paper describes the relationship between line width uniformity and the illumination system of an exposure tool. Variation in the local value of partial coherence a is the cause of the optical proximity effect (OPE) variation across the image field of an exposure tool. By quantifying partial coherence /spl sigma/ and decreasing a variation, OPE variation within the image field was improved from 21.2 nm to 8.8 nm. We reduced OPE variation among tools by setting up these tools with agreeing a values. This paper also discusses the effect of illumination source uniformity on line width. Nonuniformity of an illumination source induces a line width difference between pair lines. We improved the treatment for these problems by adjusting the illumination source uniformity.
Ringöffnung von <i>N</i>‐(Tetraalkylamidinio)pyridinium‐Salzen durch Anionen methylenaktiver Verbindungen (1986)

Abstract Die N ‐Carbeniopyridinium‐Salze 2 , 4 , 14 und 18 bieten für den Angriff eines Nucleophils drei Möglichkeiten, die sich in Abhängigkeit von den Reaktionspartnern alle realisieren lassen. Mit Anionen methylenaktiver Verbindungen führt der α‐Angriff am Pyridinium‐Ring unter Ringöffnung zu Azahexamethinneutrocyaninen ( 8 , 15 , 23 ). In einigen Fällen bilden sich kinetisch kontrolliert 1,4‐Dihydropyridine, die sich thermisch zu den 1,2‐Dihydro‐pyridinen bzw. deren ringgeöffneten Folgeprodukten umlagern. Schließlich ist auch der nucleophile Angriff am kationischen Substituenten der N ‐Carbeniopyridinium‐Salze möglich, wie die Bildung der Push‐pull‐Olefine 11 , 16 und des Enolethers 12 zeigt.
Isolation and characterization of staphylocoagulase chymotryptic fragment. Localization of the procoagulant- and prothrombin-binding domain of this protein. (1986)

Several strains of Staphylococcus aureus secrete a protein, staphylocoagulase, that binds stoichiometrically to human prothrombin, resulting in a coagulant complex designated staphylothrombin. In the present study, staphylocoagulase was digested with alpha-chymotrypsin and the resulting fragments were isolated by gel filtration. One fragment (Mr 43,000) exhibited a high affinity for human prothrombin (Kd = 1.7 X 10(-9) M), which is comparable to the affinity observed using intact staphylocoagulase (Kd = 4.6 X 10(-10) M). A complex of the Mr 43,000 fragment and prothrombin possessed both clotting and amidase activity essentially identical to that observed in a complex of intact staphylocoagulase and prothrombin. A second fragment (Mr 30,000) exhibited weaker affinity for prothrombin (Kd = 1.2 X 10(-7) M). While clotting activity was not observed with a complex of this fragment and prothrombin, it nonetheless possessed a weak amidase activity. A third fragment (Mr 20,000) was found to bind to prothrombin, but the resultant complex did not exhibit clotting or amidase activity. Amino-terminal sequence analyses of these staphylocoagulase fragments revealed that the Mr 43,000 fragment constitutes the amino-terminal portion of staphylocoagulase and also contains the Mr 30,000 and 20,000 fragments. Moreover, the amino-terminal sequence of the Mr 20,000 fragment was identical to that observed for the Mr 30,000 fragment. From these results, we conclude that the functional region of staphylocoagulase for binding and activation of human prothrombin is localized in the amino-terminal region of the intact bacterial protein.
Isomer Heat Exchanger Combustor Replacement for a Supersonic Ramjet Powered Vehicle (2004)

This study investigated the possibility of utilizing a Triggered Isomer Heat Exchanger (TIHE) within a ramjet engine to power a supersonic Conventional Air Launched Cruise Missile (CALCM). A computational ramjet engine was created using engine analysis software. This model was then run through a simulated cruise missile mission using AEDsys, a mission analysis and engine performance software suite. The replacement of the combustor with a TIHE led to an impressive range increase for the supersonic cruise missile.