gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laboratory evaluation of the effects of processing methods, treatment and coffee cultivar on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of coffee pulp (1990)

Presents results of experiments conductd to study the effect of dry processing of coffee cherries and ensiling with urea on the chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of coffee pulp, and the effect of variety of fibre and phenolic components. Different levels of urea were dissolved in a litre of water and added to dry-processed coffee pulp sealed in plastic bags and incubated for 15 and 30 days. The experiment on the relationship of variety to chemical composition was studied on the wet processed pulp. Fourteen varieties of coffee cherry were collected from high and low altitudes in Kaffa adminstrative region.
A <sup>1</sup>H NMR study of cyclodextrin - hydrocarbon surfactant inclusion complexes in aqueous solutions (1998)

A 1 H NMR chemical shift ( delta ) study of a homologous series of hydrocarbon (hc) (C x H 2 x + 1 CO 2 Na, x = 5, 7, 9, 11, 13) surfactants (S) has been carried out in water and in binary solvent (D 2 O + cyclodextrin (CD)) systems at 22°C. Complementary 1 H NMR chemical shift ( delta ) data of the cyclodextrins in binary (D 2 O + S) systems containing hc surfactants have also been obtained. Complex induced shift (CIS) values for selected host or guest protons were found to increase as the alkyl chain (C x ) length of the surfactant increased. The CIS values are found to depend on the following factors: (i) the magnitude of the binding constant (K i , i = 1:1, 2:1), (ii) the chain length of the surfactant, (iii) the mole ratio of the host to guest species, (iv) the host-guest stoichiometry, and (v) the host-guest inclusion geometry. The CIS values of the CD-S systems have been analyzed using equilibrium models in which 1:1 complexes, 1:1 plus 2:1 complexes, and uncomplexed species are present. Differences in the binding affinity, stoichiometry, and inclusion geometry of the complexes formed between a given hc surfactant and the various cyclodextrins were observed.Key words: cyclodextrin, surfactant, NMR, chemical shift, complex, binding constant.
Alternative Splicing of cAMP-specific Phosphodiesterase mRNA Transcripts (1996)

In order to characterize the structure and regulation of members of the cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) family (Type IV PDEs; PDE4 family), we have cloned from the rat a cDNA, pRPDE39, encoding a novel member of this family, which we call RNPDE4A8. Sequencing of the pRPDE39 cDNA shows it to be encoded by the rat PDE4A gene, but to differ from two other PDE4A transcripts, RD1 (pRPDE8; RNPDE4A1) and pRPDE6 (RNPDE4A5), by the presence of a unique region at its 5' end, consistent with alternative mRNA splicing. The pRPDE39 cDNA encodes a predicted protein of 763 amino acids, of which all but 21, located at the extreme amino terminus, are found in the pRPDE6 protein. Expression of pRPDE39 in COS cells produced a protein of 98 +/- 1.4 kDa, as determined by immunoblotting with an antiserum specific to the carboxyl-terminal regions of all PDE4A proteins, compared to a predicted value of 87.5 kDa. RNase protection analysis detected pRPDE39 mRNA only in testis. Immunoblotting of testis extracts demonstrated two bands of 97 +/- 2 and 87 +/- 3 kDa, the larger of which co-migrated with the band seen in COS cells expressing pRPDE39. COS cell expressed pRPDE39 partitioned between a high speed pellet (particulate) fraction (15% of protein; 8% of activity) and a cytosolic fraction. The particulate fraction had a Km for cAMP of 3.3 +/- 0.6 microM, and the cytosolic fraction a Km of 5.4 +/- 2.8 microM. The Vmax values for the pRPDE39 protein, relative to the RD1 protein, were 0.16 +/- 0.06 and 0.29 +/- 0.05 for the particulate and cytosolic forms, respectively. The pRPDE39-encoded PDE activity could not be removed from the particulate fraction by high salt concentrations, or by nonionic detergents. The pRPDE39-encoded enzyme was inhibited by rolipram at an IC50 of 0.5 +/- 0.2 microM for the particulate form and 1.0 +/- 0.2 microM for the cytosolic form, which are values typical of PDE4 family members. The highly tissue-specific distribution of the pRPDE39 mRNA suggest that the pRPDE39 protein functions to modulate a cAMP signaling pathway that is present largely, if not exclusively, in the testis.
Le Conseil d'État et la laïcité. Propos sur l'avis du 27 novembre 1989 (1991)

The Conseil d'Etat and secularism. The advice rendered on 27 november 1989 The 27 November 1989 advice of the French Conseil d'Etat on the problem concerning secularism raised by a few Muslim girls who came to school with their hair hidden by a scarf signifies a two-fold shift : concerning the expertise function of the Conseil d'Etat, and concerning the meaning of secularism. The author identifies their expressions and seeks to show the issues and the consequences brought up by this double shift.
Investigation of Wind Turbine Rotor Concepts for Offshore Wind Farms (2014)

Current plans in offshore wind energy developments call for further reduction of cost of energy. In order to contribute to this goal, several wind turbine rotor concepts have been investigated. Assuming the future offshore wind turbines will operate only in the offshore wind farms, the rotor concepts are not only evaluated for their stand-alone performances and their potential in reducing the loads, but also for their performance in an offshore wind farm. In order to do that, the 10MW reference wind turbine designed in Innwind.EU project is chosen as baseline. Several rotor parameters have been modified and their influences are investigated for offshore wind turbine design purposes. This investigation is carried out as a conceptual parametrical study. All concepts are evaluated numerically with BOT (Blade optimisation tool) software in wind turbine level and with Farmflow software in wind farm level for two wind farm layouts. At the end, all these concepts are compared with each other in terms of their advantages and disadvantages.
Reader-Response (1992)

A major change in literary criticism of the past twenty-five years or so has been the emergence of the reader. Both Russian Formalism and the New Criticism had concentrated on the literary text as an object in itself and had devoted little or no attention to the reader. Indeed, a classic New Critical article is Wimsatt and Beardsley's 'The Affective Fallacy', which argued that the reader, like the question of authorial intention, did not warrant critical consideration.1 The diversity of readers' interests and responses, it was argued, made it impossible to establish any secure or coherent critical position on the basis of reader response. To take account of the reader opened the door to a relativism that would undermine literary criticism as a discipline.
Accuracy evaluation of a credit card fraud detection system on Hadoop MapReduce (2013)

In digitalization era, credit card fraud detection is of high significance to financial organizations. This paper discussed about credit card fraud detection by parallelizing of Negative Selection Algorithm on the Cloud computing platform. We present performance evaluation of running the algorithm on the cloud by MapReduce framework and show it's dramatically results on real world financial data. We argue that, for the fraud detection rate, False Negative rate, fraud catching rate (True Positive rate) and false alarm rate (False Positive rate), Cost and Hit rate that are the best metrics for a desirable credit card fraud detection system.
Significant Deviations in the Configurations of Homologous Tandem Repeats in Prokaryotic Genomes (2009)

We explored the possibilities of whole-genome duplication (WGD) in prokaryotic species, where we performed statistical analyses of the configurations of the central angles between homologous tandem repeats (TRs) on the circular chromosomes. At first, we detected TRs on their chromosomes and identified equivalent tandem repeat pairs (ETRPs); here, an ETRP is defined as a pair of tandem repeats sequentially similar to each other. Then we carried out statistical analyses of the central angle distributions of the detected ETRPs on each circular chromosome by way of comparisons between the detected distributions and those generated by null models. In the analyses, we estimated a P value by a simulation using the Kullback-Leibler divergence as a distance measure between two distributions. As a result, the central angle distributions for 8 out of the 203 prokaryotic species showed statistically significant deviations (P<0.05). In particular, we found out the characteristic feature of one round of WGD in Photorhabdus luminescens genome and that of two rounds of WGD in Escherichia coli K12.
Acrolein Provides Benefits and Solutions to Offshore Oilfield-Production Problems (2012)

Summary Offshore production systems can be impacted negatively by numerous problems attributed to bacterial activity, associated hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and biogenic iron sulfides (FexSy), and mercaptan (R-SH) production. Examples of these problems include microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC); underdeposit corrosion because of FexSy deposition; equipment fouling because of biomass accumulation; impaired oil/water separation, leading to poor water quality and overboard oil-in-water problems; and not achieving pipeline specification because of excess H2O and/or R-SH content. Acrolein provides a distinctive all-in-one chemical solution to assist in resolving these problems. The key to this solution is four-fold: Acrolein scavenges H2S, it scavenges R-SH, it is a potent microbiocide, and it dissolves FexSy. This paper details the use of acrolein in the context of an offshore application with respect to the issues and problems unique to an offshore environment. Acrolein treatment programs can provide effective production-odor control and can achieve pipeline specifications from the perspective of H2S and R-SH scavenging. The unique dual solubility of acrolein in oil and water enables it to penetrate and remove oil-coated FexSy solids and sessile bacteria from production systems. Because of its low minimum-inhibitory concentration, acrolein provides cost-effective biocide treatment not only in batch applications but also in continuous-treatment programs. Well-established application protocols using a closed delivery system minimize potential chemical exposure, an important health, safety, and environment (HSE) consideration. The high order of reactivity and biodegradability of acrolein lends itself well to usage in a sensitive offshore environment. A series of case histories highlighting the benefits of using acrolein in offshore systems to mitigate related production problems is presented in this paper. Multiple benefits can be realized with the application of one product.
Current measurements from moored buoys (1968)

Since January 1965,a program has been underway at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, to measure currents at a limited number of fixed sites on a year round basis. Initially, one site was instrumented with both surface and subsurface moorings. The program has now been expanded to 4 major sites, extending along 70°W, from 39°20 ' N to the Hatteras Abyssal Plain at 30°N . In nearly three years of operation, a total of 65 moorings have been placed at the working sites, for periods up to six months. Recoveries from these sites have provided many velocity records of excellent quality. The repetitive exposure of moorings of essentially similar design under relatively standardized conditions has served to define clearly the design and operational problems that are inherent in such a program. A brief account is given of some of the problems encountered in routine buoy setting operations, and some of the results obtained from the measurements.
Isolation and Characterization of <i>Methanomethylovorans hollandica</i> gen. nov., sp. nov., Isolated from Freshwater Sediment, a Methylotrophic Methanogen Able To Grow on Dimethyl Sulfide and Methanethiol (1999)

A newly isolated methanogen, strain DMS1(T), is the first obligately anaerobic archaeon which was directly enriched and isolated from a freshwater sediment in defined minimal medium containing dimethyl sulfide (DMS) as the sole carbon and energy source. The use of a chemostat with a continuous DMS-containing gas stream as a method of enrichment, followed by cultivation in deep agar tubes, resulted in a pure culture. Since the only substrates utilized by strain DMS1(T) are methanol, methylamines, methanethiol (MT), and DMS, this organism is considered an obligately methylotrophic methanogen like most other DMS-degrading methanogens. Strain DMS1(T) differs from all other DMS-degrading methanogens, since it was isolated from a freshwater pond and requires NaCl concentrations (0 to 0.04 M) typical of the NaCl concentrations required by freshwater microorganisms for growth. DMS was degraded effectively only in a chemostat culture in the presence of low hydrogen sulfide and MT concentrations. Addition of MT or sulfide to the chemostat significantly decreased degradation of DMS. Transient accumulation of DMS in MT-amended cultures indicated that transfer of the first methyl group during DMS degradation is a reversible process. On the basis of its low level of homology with the most closely related methanogen, Methanococcoides burtonii (94.5%), its position on the phylogenetic tree, its morphology (which is different from that of members of the genera Methanolobus, Methanococcoides, and Methanohalophilus), and its salt tolerance and optimum (which are characteristic of freshwater bacteria), we propose that strain DMS1(T) is a representative of a novel genus. This isolate was named Methanomethylovorans hollandica. Analysis of DMS-amended sediment slurries with a fluorescence microscope revealed the presence of methanogens which were morphologically identical to M. hollandica, as described in this study. Considering its physiological properties, M. hollandica DMS1(T) is probably responsible for degradation of MT and DMS in freshwater sediments in situ. Due to the reversibility of the DMS conversion, methanogens like strain DMS1(T) can also be involved in the formation of DMS through methylation of MT. This phenomenon, which previously has been shown to occur in sediment slurries of freshwater origin, might affect the steady-state concentrations and, consequently, the total flux of DMS and MT in these systems.
Design of a Functional Membrane Protein by Engineering a Heme-Binding Site in Glycophorin A (2006)

We have designed a functional model membrane protein by engineering a bis-Histidine heme-binding site into a natural membrane protein, glycophorin A (GpA), structurally characterized by the dimerization of a single transmembrane helix. Out of the 32 residues comprising the transmembrane helix of GpA, five amino acids were mutated; the resulting protein, ME1, has been characterized in dodecyl phosphocholin (DPC) micelles by UV-vis, CD spectroscopy, gel electrophoresis, and analytical ultracentrifugation. ME1 binds heme with sub-micromolar affinity and maintains the highly helical secondary structure and dimeric oligomerization state of GpA. The ME1-Heme complex exhibits a redox potential of -128 +/- 2 mV vs SHE, indicating that the heme resides in a hydrophobic environment and is well shielded from the aqueous phase. Moreover, ME1 catalyzes the hydrogen peroxide dependent oxidation of organic substrates such as TMB (2,2',5,5'-tetramethyl-benzidine). This protein may provide a useful framework to investigate how the protein matrix tunes the cofactor properties in membrane proteins.
Excitotoxic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. (1995)

A large number of studies have documented abnormalities of glutamate metabolism in ALS patients or in postmortem ALS tissue. These abnormalities include altered synthetic enzymes, tissue glutamate levels, transporter proteins, and postsynaptic receptors, as well as the presence of potentially toxic agonists. As yet, there is no hypothesis effectively linking all the observations to one central defect. Furthermore, it is not clear if the various abnormalities in glutamate systems represent a primary defect or a secondary response. For example, defects of glutamate transport subtypes could reflect the primary loss of the proteins or the secondary effect of another toxic insult. Nevertheless, experimental paradigms suggest that, even if secondary, glutamate could contribute to the death of motor neurons. Therefore, interventions to minimize the toxicity of glutamate (e.g., receptor antagonists, release inhibitors, or antioxidants) could partially ameliorate the degeneration of motor neurons. This has been observed experimentally in cultured motor neurons. More importantly, a small study with riluzole suggests that glutamate-acting drugs could alter the progression of the disease. Future studies with riluzole and other glutamate-acting agents will evaluate this possibility.
The Post-Polyketide Synthase Modification Steps in the Biosynthesis of the Antitumor Agent Ansamitocin by <i>Actinosynnema </i><i>p</i><i>retiosum</i> (2003)

The functions of six genes in the ansamitocin biosynthetic gene cluster of Actinosynnema pretiosum have been investigated by gene inactivation and chemical analysis of the mutants. They encode a halogenase (asm12), a carbamoyltransferase (asm21), a 20-O-methyltransferase (asm7), a 3-O-acyltransferase (asm19), an epoxidase (asm11), and an N-methyltransferase (asm10), respectively, and are responsible for the six post-PKS modification steps in ansamitocin formation. Several of the enzymes have relaxed substrate specificities, resulting in multiple parallel pathways in a metabolic grid, albeit with a preferred sequence of reactions as listed above.
Road marking detection and classification using machine learning algorithms (2015)

This paper presents a novel approach for road marking detection and classification based on machine learning algorithms. Road marking recognition is an important feature of an intelligent transportation system (ITS). Previous works are mostly developed using image processing and decisions are often made using empirical functions, which makes it difficult to be generalized. Hereby, we propose a general framework for object detection and classification, aimed at video-based intelligent transportation applications. It is a two-step approach. The detection is carried out using binarized normed gradient (BING) method. PCA network (PCANet) is employed for object classification. Both BING and PCANet are among the latest algorithms in the field of machine learning. Practically the proposed method is applied to a road marking dataset with 1,443 road images. We randomly choose 60% images for training and use the remaining 40% images for testing. Upon training, the system can detect 9 classes of road markings with an accuracy better than 96.8%. The proposed approach is readily applicable to other ITS applications.
An analysis and critique of<i>Research through Design</i> (2010)

The field of HCI is experiencing a growing interest in Research through Design (RtD), a research approach that employs methods and processes from design practice as a legitimate method of inquiry. We are interested in expanding and formalizing this research approach, and understanding how knowledge, or theory, is generated from this type of design research. We conducted interviews with 12 leading HCI design researchers, asking them about design research, design theory, and RtD specifically. They were easily able to identify different types of design research and design theory from contemporary and historical design research efforts, and believed that RtD might be one of the most important contributions of design researchers to the larger research community. We further examined three historical RtD projects that were repeatedly mentioned in the interviews, and performed a critique of current RtD practices within the HCI research and interaction design communities. While our critique summarizes the problems, it also shows possible directions for further developments and refinements of the approach.
Engineering evaluation of conceptual coal conversion plant using the H-coal liquefaction process. Final report (1979)

The objective of the work reported herein was to develop the capital costs and the product costs for an H-Coal liquefaction facility, using the most recent yield data from HRI's PDU unit for Illinois and Wyodak coals. A key part of this effort was the development of a processing configuration for each of the two cases in order to provide self-sufficient facilities with respect to hydrogen, fuel, electric power, and all other utility services. In each case, the overall facility consists of a coal liquefaction plant along with the required support, utility and offsite facilities to comprise a self-sufficient operation. The major processing sections included coal preparation, coal liquefaction and product separation, light ends processing, hydrogen plant, oxygen plant, emission control systems, effluent control systems, product storage and shipping, utility systems and offsites. Capital costs upon a mid-1979 basis are $1.146 billion and $1.315 billion, respectively. Total capital requirements, operating costs and product prices have been determined using EPRI's economic premises, all described in the report. The primary products naphtha, turbine oil, and distillate fuel oil are desulfurized to very low levels. However, the oxygen content of all three products is very high, ranging well over 1% in the Wyodak case, while the nitrogen content of the turbine oil and the distillate fuel oil exceeds usual levels for conventional petroleum stocks. Accordingly, additional product upgrading may be required to produce commercially acceptable products. Other work aimed towards identifying limits on nitrogen and oxygen and developing the necessary upgrading technology is being actively pursued by both EPRI and DOE. Product costs cited above are generally representative of costs predicted for coal liquefaction processes. The information should prove useful in comparing various coal liquefaction technologies.
Hydrophobic ionic liquids incorporating N-alkylisoquinolinium cations and their utilization in liquid–liquid separations (2001)

The first examples of Room Temperature Ionic Liquids (RTIL) containing fused polycyclic N-alkylisoquinolinium cations ([Cnisoq]+) in combination with the bis(perfluoroethylsulfonyl)imide anion ([BETI]-) have been synthesized, characterized, and utilized in liquid-liquid partitioning from water; these salts have unexpectedly low melting points and give high distribution ratios for aromatic solutes, especially chlorobenzenes, between the RTIL and water.