gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The interaction of <i>Agrobacterium</i> Ti-plasmid DNA and plant cells (1980)

The tumour-inducing plasmids of Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Ti-plasmids) reveal several interesting properties. They are catabolic plasmids, which, instead of rendering Agrobacterium strains capable of catabolizing compounds found in Nature, force a plant to synthesize these catabolites (denoted 'opines'). This situation is obtained by insertion of a segment of the Ti-plasmid (the T-DNA) into the plant nucleus, where T-DNA genes become expressed and intervene in the biosynthesis of these opines. Cells containing the T-DNA behave as neoplasms (crown gall cells). Southern blotting shows that the insertion process responsible for T-DNA transfer probably recognizes special sequences on the T-DNA since the length of the T-DNA segment observed in different, independently isolated tumour lines was found to be similar. For the nopaline Ti-plasmids both left-hand and right-hand borders were found to be constant. For the octopine plasmid the left border was constant and at least two classes of right-hand borders were found. Upon redifferentiation of the transformed plant cells, the T-DNA was found to be conserved in all somatic cells examined. However, small deletions at the border fragments of the T-DNA have been observed. The exact arrangement and copy number of the T-DNA in a nucleus is still under study, but genomic cloning has already revealed that an interspersed tandem arrangement is dominant in nopaline tumours. Clones containing both the right border of one T-DNA and the left border of the neighbouring tandem T-DNA were isolated. In order to identify the different T-plasmid encoded functions an extensive use was made of transposon insertion mutagenesis. When an antibiotic resistance transposon was inserted into the non-essential regions of the T-DNA, a linked transfer to the plant DNA of the transposon together with the T-DNA was observed. This indicates that Ti-plasmids are possible vectors for genetic engineering in plants. A strategy is described for insertion of any cloned DNA segment into the T-DNA.
Holography with 1-mW Laser (1971)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation J. Shamir, J. Politch, J. Ben Uri; Holography with 1-mW Laser. Am. J. Phys. 1 July 1971; 39 (7): 840–841. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1986298 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAmerican Association of Physics TeachersAmerican Journal of Physics Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Neural Networks for Multi-Instance Learning (2002)

Multi-instance learning was coined by Dietterich et al. in their investigation on drug activity prediction. In such a learning framework, the training examples are bags composed of instances, and the task is to predict the labels of unseen bags through analyzing the training bags with known labels. A bag is positive if it contains at least one positive instance, while it is negative if it contains no positive instance. However, the labels of the instances constituting the training bags are unknown. In this paper, the open problem of designing multi-instance modification for neural networks is addressed. In detail, a neural network algorithm named BP-MIP is presented, which is derived from the popular BP algorithm through employing a new error function capturing the nature of multi-instance learning, i.e. the labels of the training bags instead of that of the training instances are known. Experiments on both the real-world and artificial benchmark multi-instance data show that the performance of BP-MIP is comparable to that of some well-established multi-instance learning methods. title page Neural Networks for Multi-Instance Learning Multi-instance learning was coined by Dietterich et al. in their investigation on drug activity prediction. In such a learning framework, the training examples are bags composed of instances, and the task is to predict the labels
Principal component analysis of the Swedish version of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for schizophrenia (1993)

With permission from the late Dr. S. Kay, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia has been translated into Swedish. In an earlier study, construct validity and inter-rater reliability have been demonstrated. In the present study, a principal component analysis was made on a series of 120 schizophrenic patients rated by means of the PANSS. As in earlier studies by Kay and Sevy and by Peuskens, a Negative, an Excited, a Positive, and a Depressive factor were found. These factors were very similar to those earlier described. However, the Depressive factor included important contributions from anxiety-related items and is best explained as an Anxious/Depressive factor. Furthermore, an important Cognitive factor was found. This factor has also been seen in the seven-factor results found by Kay and Sevy and by Peuskens but has been omitted in the final four-factor pyramidic model. From the results of the present study, however, it seems reasonable to modify and extend the pyramidic model with a five-factor model, including a Cognitive factor. With this five-factor model 70% of the variance is explained in the present principal component analysis. In the original pyramidic model suggested by Kay a relationship was hypothesized between the syndrome factors and the subgroups of schizophrenia. Such a relationship is not supported by the results of the present study.
92 GHz dual-polarized integrated horn antennas (1991)

A dual-polarized two-dimensional imaging array was designed for millimeter-wave applications. The dual-polarized design consists of two dipoles perpendicular to each other and suspended on the same membrane inside a pyramidal cavity etched in silicon. The dual-polarized antenna is fully monolithic with room available for processing electronics. The IF or video signals are taken out through a novel bias and feeding structure. The measured polarization isolation is better than 20 dB at 92 GHz, and the orthogonal channels show identical far-field patterns. The antenna is well suited for millimeter-wave polarimetric synthetic aperture radars (SARs) and high-efficiency balanced-mixer receivers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Localized surface plasmon microscope with an illumination system employing a radially polarized zeroth-order Bessel beam (2009)

We propose an imaging principle that employs a radially polarized zeroth-order Bessel beam in the illlumination system of the localized surface plasmon microscope. The illumination system enables the microscope to visualize a refractive index distribution on a substrate fabricated in the Kretschmann configuration by the measurement of reflected intensity. The experimentally observed image of a particle reveals that the spatial resolution reaches the optical diffraction limit. The proposed principle can contribute to increase the imaging speed of localized surface plasmon microscopy by use of a beam scanning device.
Tumor selective G <sub>2</sub> /M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of epithelial and hematological malignancies by BBL22, a benzazepine (2000)

Two distinct benzodiazepine binding sites have been identified, (i) a central site restricted to brain and (ii) a ubiquitously expressed mitochondrial binding site, the so-called peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR). In this paper, we show that a benzazepine referred to as BBL22 (2-amino 9-chloro-7-(2-fluorophenyl)-5H-pyrimidol[5,4-d][2]benzazepine), which is classified as a PBR ligand based on structure, induces arrest in G(2)/M phase of the cell cycle in human tumor cell lines of both epithelial and hematopoietic cellular origin. After G(2)/M arrest, several tumor types, notably prostate and certain breast cancer lines exhibited significant apoptosis. Ideally, cancer therapies should selectively target tumor cells while sparing normal cell counterparts. BBL22 exhibited such selectivity, as it did not affect the growth and survival of nonmalignant breast and prostate epithelial lines. Moreover, BBL22 demonstrated structural requirements for this selective antitumor activity as 11 structurally related PBR ligands, including high-affinity ligands Ro5-4864 and PK11195, failed to induce tumor cell growth arrest or apoptosis. The in vivo antitumor activity of BBL22 was examined in a human xenograft model of androgen-independent prostate cancer where BBL22 significantly reduced the growth of PC3 prostate tumors without eliciting overt toxicity. Identification of BBL22 represents a tumor selective therapeutic strategy for a variety of human tumors.
Generation of Genetically Modified Organotypic Skin Cultures Using Devitalized Human Dermis (2015)

Organotypic cultures allow the reconstitution of a 3D environment critical for cell-cell contact and cell-matrix interactions which mimics the function and physiology of their in vivo tissue counterparts. This is exemplified by organotypic skin cultures which faithfully recapitulates the epidermal differentiation and stratification program. Primary human epidermal keratinocytes are genetically manipulable through retroviruses where genes can be easily overexpressed or knocked down. These genetically modified keratinocytes can then be used to regenerate human epidermis in organotypic skin cultures providing a powerful model to study genetic pathways impacting epidermal growth, differentiation, and disease progression. The protocols presented here describe methods to prepare devitalized human dermis as well as to genetically manipulate primary human keratinocytes in order to generate organotypic skin cultures. Regenerated human skin can be used in downstream applications such as gene expression profiling, immunostaining, and chromatin immunoprecipitations followed by high throughput sequencing. Thus, generation of these genetically modified organotypic skin cultures will allow the determination of genes that are critical for maintaining skin homeostasis.
Design and Implementation of Power Efficient Logic BIST With High Fault Coverage Using Verilog (2018)

Due to ever increasing number of transistors on chip and decrease in feature size have posed challenges in manufacturing and have risen defects due to them. Thus, testing have become vital for any Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) design. The design engineers concentrate more on design development and test techniques used to test those designs are neglected due to design cycle time. Any design will not be passed unless it is 100% fault free and Design For Testability (DFT) technique facilitates to detect the faults. Multiple standards are developed to test different part of Integrated circuits. In this paper power efficient & high fault coverage Built In Self-Test (BIST) is designed and implemented to test combinational logic. The developed technique is tested on standard combinational circuits and has given promising results. The conventional Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) is modified to generate all the states, hence improving fault coverage. Compared to conventional method, 100% fault coverage & 12.25% reduction in power is achieved by the proposed design. The design is coded in Verilog, verified for functionality using Xilinx ISIM simulator, synthesized by targeting the design to slow_vdd1v0 1.0 library for 45nm technology using Cadence genus tool and validated on FPGA Spartan 6 boards.
Channel estimation and signal detection for UWB (2003)

In this paper, we investigate channel estimation and signal detection for UWB communications. We first investigate channel estimation for UWB systems and then develop a minimum mean-square-error (MMSE) Rake receiver with joint timing and MMSE equalization. The key property of the estimator is that it uses sampling at UWB symbol rate (200Msamples/s), while estimating all relevant channel parameters for the full 7.5 GHz channel bandwidth. Computer simulations verify the usefulness of our approach for channel estimation and signal detection.
Micro-Raman spectroscopy in the undergraduate research laboratory (1994)

Modern materials science requires processing and characterization techniques for microscopic structures. Molecular probes such as Raman spectroscopy are some of the most viable tools, particularly if they are supplemented by imaging to obtain spatially resolved compositional information of inhomogeneous or low volume samples. In order to introduce these techniques and materials science experiments into the advanced undergraduate laboratory, we have constructed an inexpensive micro-Raman attachment, which consists of an off-the-shelf microscope and the coupling optics to an existing Raman spectrometer. The modification of the microscope, the optical coupling, and a low cost viewing system for positioning the laser excitation on the sample are described in detail. The students study molecular spectra of new materials such as diamond films, Fullerenes, and biological compounds with spatial resolution of several microns.
<title>Universal detachable optical connector for military and commercial aerospace fiber optic modules</title> (1996)

Packard-Hughes Interconnect has developed a detachable connector for plugging to military and commercial aerospace fiber-optic modules. The connector comprises floating spring loaded fiber-optic termini with 1-mm ceramic ferrules, all contained within a 0.136-in thick, low-profile connector plug body. The connector is mated to the package via a patented retention clip mechanism which secures the plug body to metal posts attached to the package sidewall. Optical alignment between the connector plug terminus and the package is accomplished by an alignment sleeve and mating 1-mm ceramic ferrule mounted in the package nosetube. Connector demating is performed by actuating a release button mechanism integral to the connector plug body. The fiber-optic termini in the connector plug body are easily maintained without replacing the entire connector. This makes the repair/replacement process for a broken fiber pigtail or damaged terminus endface a low cost, fast, and simple operation. The insertion loss for a simplex connector mated to a Boeing FDDI Transmitter receptacle package using 100/140 micrometers graded index optical fiber is less than 0.5 dB at 1.3 micrometers wavelength.
<i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subspecies impair dendritic cell maturation (2013)

Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes Johne’s disease, a chronic, granulomatous enteritis of ruminants. Dendritic cells (DC) of the gut are ideally placed to combat invading mycobacteria; however, little is known about their interaction with MAP. Here, we investigated the interaction of MAP and the closely related M. avium ssp. avium (MAA) with murine DC and the effect of infected macrophages on DC maturation. The infection of DC with MAP or MAA induced DC maturation, which differed to that of LPS as maturation was accompanied by higher production of IL-10 and lower production of IL-12. Treatment of maturing DC with supernatants from mycobacteria-infected macrophages resulted in impaired DC maturation, leading to a semi-mature, tolerogenic DC phenotype expressing low levels of MHCII, CD86 and TNF-α after LPS stimulation. Though the cells were not completely differentiated they responded with an increased IL-10 and a decreased IL-12 production. Using recombinant cytokines we provide evidence that the semi-mature DC phenotype results from a combination of secreted cytokines and released antigenic mycobacterial components of the infected macrophage. Our results indicate that MAP and MAA are able to subvert DC function directly by infecting and indirectly via the milieu created by infected macrophages.
Ultrastable Rhodamine with Cucurbituril (2005)

Ungewöhnlich stabile wässrige Farbstofflösungen, die gegen Aggregation wie unspezifische Adsorption an Materialoberflächen beständig sind und eine bessere Photostabilität zeigen – vor allem bei hoher Bestrahlungsintensität –, entstehen, wenn der supramolekulare Wirt Cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) zu einer Rhodamin-6G-Lösung gegeben wird. Die Komplexierung durch CB7 (siehe Bild) erhöht die Fluoreszenzlebensdauer wegen der geringen Polarisierbarkeit im Cucurbiturilkäfig.
Cherry: Checkpointed early resource recycling in out-of-order microprocessors (2003)

This paper presents checkpointed early resource recycling (Cherry), a hybrid mode of execution based on ROB and checkpointing that decouples resource recycling and instruction retirement. Resources are recycled early, resulting in a more efficient utilization. Cherry relies on state checkpointing and rollback to service exceptions for instructions whose resources have been recycled. Cherry leverages the ROB to (1) not require in-order execution as a fallback mechanism, (2) allow memory replay traps and branch mispredictions without rolling back to the Cherry checkpoint, and (3) quickly fall back to conventional out-of-order execution without rolling back to the checkpoint or flushing the pipeline. We present a Cherry implementation with early recycling at three different points of the execution engine: the load queue, the store queue, and the register file. We report average speedups of 1.06 and 1.26 in SPECint and SPECfp applications, respectively, relative to an aggressive conventional architecture. We also describe how Cherry and speculative multithreading can be combined and complement each other.
Accurate Detection and Recognition of Dirty Vehicle Plate Numbers for High-Speed Applications (2016)

This paper presents an online highly accurate system for automatic number plate recognition (ANPR) that can be used as a basis for many real-world ITS applications. The system is designed to deal with unclear vehicle plates, variations in weather and lighting conditions, different traffic situations, and high-speed vehicles. This paper addresses various issues by presenting proper hardware platforms along with real-time, robust, and innovative algorithms. We have collected huge and highly inclusive data sets of Persian license plates for evaluations, comparisons, and improvement of various involved algorithms. The data sets include images that were captured from crossroads, streets, and highways, in day and night, various weather conditions, and different plate clarities. Over these data sets, our system achieves 98.7%, 99.2%, and 97.6% accuracies for plate detection, character segmentation, and plate recognition, respectively. The false alarm rate in plate detection is less than 0.5%. The overall accuracy on the dirty plates portion of our data sets is 91.4%. Our ANPR system has been installed in several locations and has been tested extensively for more than a year. The proposed algorithms for each part of the system are highly robust to lighting changes, size variations, plate clarity, and plate skewness. The system is also independent of the number of plates in captured images. This system has been also tested on three other Iranian data sets and has achieved 100% accuracy in both detection and recognition parts. To show that our ANPR is not language dependent, we have tested our system on available English plates data set and achieved 97% overall accuracy.
Connectionist Models: Proceedings of the Summer School Held in San Diego, California on 1990 (1990)

Abstract : The simplicity and locality of the contrastive Hebb synapse (CHS) used in Boltzmann machine learning makes it an attractive model for real biological synapses. The slow learning exhibited by the stochastic Boltzmann machine can be greatly improved by using a mean field approximation and it has been shown (Hinton, 1989) that the CHS also performs steepest descent in these deterministic mean field networks. A major weakness of the learning procedure, from a biological perspective, is that the derivation assumes detailed symmetry of the connectivity. Using networks with purely asymmetric connectivity, we show that the CHS still works in practice provided the connectivity is grossly symmetrical so that if unit i sends a connection to unit j, there are numerous indirect feedback paths from j to i.
Image Super-Resolution With Sparse Neighbor Embedding (2012)

Until now, neighbor-embedding-based (NE) algorithms for super-resolution (SR) have carried out two independent processes to synthesize high-resolution (HR) image patches. In the first process, neighbor search is performed using the Euclidean distance metric, and in the second process, the optimal weights are determined by solving a constrained least squares problem. However, the separate processes are not optimal. In this paper, we propose a sparse neighbor selection scheme for SR reconstruction. We first predetermine a larger number of neighbors as potential candidates and develop an extended Robust-SL0 algorithm to simultaneously find the neighbors and to solve the reconstruction weights. Recognizing that the k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) for reconstruction should have similar local geometric structures based on clustering, we employ a local statistical feature, namely histograms of oriented gradients (HoG) of low-resolution (LR) image patches, to perform such clustering. By conveying local structural information of HoG in the synthesis stage, the k-NN of each LR input patch is adaptively chosen from their associated subset, which significantly improves the speed of synthesizing the HR image while preserving the quality of reconstruction. Experimental results suggest that the proposed method can achieve competitive SR quality compared with other state-of-the-art baselines.
The acrylamide problem: a plant and agronomic science issue (2012)

Acrylamide, a chemical that is probably carcinogenic in humans and has neurological and reproductive effects, forms from free asparagine and reducing sugars during high-temperature cooking and processing of common foods. Potato and cereal products are major contributors to dietary exposure to acrylamide and while the food industry reacted rapidly to the discovery of acrylamide in some of the most popular foods, the issue remains a difficult one for many sectors. Efforts to reduce acrylamide formation would be greatly facilitated by the development of crop varieties with lower concentrations of free asparagine and/or reducing sugars, and of best agronomic practice to ensure that concentrations are kept as low as possible. This review describes how acrylamide is formed, the factors affecting free asparagine and sugar concentrations in crop plants, and the sometimes complex relationship between precursor concentration and acrylamide-forming potential. It covers some of the strategies being used to reduce free asparagine and sugar concentrations through genetic modification and other genetic techniques, such as the identification of quantitative trait loci. The link between acrylamide formation, flavour, and colour is discussed, as well as the difficulty of balancing the unknown risk of exposure to acrylamide in the levels that are present in foods with the well-established health benefits of some of the foods concerned.
Effect of UV radiation on the reactivity of porous methyl‐doped SiO<sub>2</sub> layers (2010)

Abstract The effect of plasma treatment on the chemical reactivity of the surface of porous layers based on methyl‐doped silicon dioxide is considered. A principal difference between the effects of plasma on materials with the pores of different sizes is demonstrated. It is shown that the VUV irradiation passivates the surface of the layers with smaller pores (1.1 nm in radius), while the films with larger pores (5.5 nm) do not get passivated (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)