gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abnormal T-cell Function in B-cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (2003)

There is increasing evidence of T cell dysfunction in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) which may contribute to the aetiology and progress of the disease. An absolute CD8+ lymphocytosis correlates with disease progression and low expression of CD4 and CD8 (as found in autoimmune disease) is seen with abnormal expression of other surface molecules. Although the expression of T cell surface activation markers, CD25 and CD152, may be increased on culture in B-CLL serum, response to the common mitogens, PHA and PWM, is reduced. This and the excess of CD8 cells may explain partly the variable cooperation of T cells with B cell production of immunoglobulin in B-CLL. In the context of T cell cross-talk with antigen presenting cells, B-CLL B cells are poor antigen presenters. But the T cells themselves have significant abnormalities of expression of the many antigens and ligands necessary for this process. In particular, they exhibit variable expression of the low affinity and non-specific adhesion molecules LFA-1 and ICAM-1, variable, clonally restricted and skewed expression of the TCR repertoire (implying repeated antigenic stimulation possibly by CLL antigens), reduced CD28 and CD152 expression (implying impairment of ability to start or stop an immune response) and reduced IL2 and CD25 (IL2 R) expression (critical for positive feed-back in maintenance and expansion of the T cell response to antigen presentation). Although the production of IL2 and other cytokines by the T cell in B-CLL may be impaired, production of the anti-apoptotic cytokine IL4 is not and there may be a unique and expanded subset of CD8/CD30 cells capable of releasing IL4. The relationship of this T cell subset to the malignant B cell in vivo is unknown. However, T cells which are CD4+/CD152+/CCR4+ migrate selectively in vitro in response to the chemokine CCL22 (specific for the receptor CCR4) produced by the malignant B cells and are always seen amongst the malignant cells in bone marrow and lymph nodes from B-CLL patients. Other abnormalities of cytokine secretion are described. These findings suggest that the T cell in B-CLL may be unable to start, maintain and complete an immune response to the malignant B cell and other antigens and may be involved directly in sustaining the tumour. However, autologous tumour specific cytotoxicity has been shown in vitro and T cells which recognise tumour-derived heavy chain fragments circulate in vivo. If adoptive immunotherapy of any nature is to succeed in B-CLL, manipulation to optimise these CTL responses is needed to overcome the profound and variable T cell dysfunction in this disease.
Fabricated Porous Carbon (1938)

Plates, rods, tubes, etc., are made of a new, porous carbon whose pore characteristics are closely controlled during manufacture. The porous carbon products may be graphitized if necessary. The physical and chemical properties of this porous carbon are recorded. Graphs show the effects of changes in pressure and material thickness on the rate of flow of air and water through porous carbon plates and the effect of viscosity on the rate of flow. This new product should have wide application as diffusers and aerators, filters, and electrodes in the chemical and electrochemical fields.
Catalysis of the reduction of thallium(1+) and of dichloromethane by colloidal silver in aqueous solution (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalysis of the reduction of thallium(1+) and of dichloromethane by colloidal silver in aqueous solutionArnim. HengleinCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1979, 83, 22, 2858–2862Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100485a011https://doi.org/10.1021/j100485a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Comparison of autologous bone marrow transplantation and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation after first remission induction treatment in multiple myeloma. (1995)

The optimal source of stem cells is a controversial issue in the field of autologous stem cell transplantation. A comparison of autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) after first remission induction treatment in multiple myeloma was made by a retrospective analysis of 132 transplants performed in 18 French Centers from 1984 to 1991 (81 autologous BMT, 51 PBSCT). The two groups differed in the median age (PBSCT 49 years; autologous BMT 55 years, P < 0.001), the duration of chemotherapy prior to transplantation, the interval between stem cell collection and transplantation, and in the conditioning regimen (more total body irradiation and higher doses of irradiation in the PBSCT group). The median time to neutrophil recovery was shorter in the PBSCT group (13 days vs. 20 days, P < 0.001), but the median time to platelet recovery did not differ significantly between PBSCT (26 days) and autologous BMT (22 days). There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding overall response rate (PBSCT 84%, autologous BMT 82%) and complete remission rate (PBSCT 37%, autologous BMT 36%). The actuarial relapse-free survival, time to treatment failure and overall survival were not significantly different. A case controlled study comparing 43 autologous BMT and 43 PBSCT matched for age and status at the time of transplantation did not show any advantage of PBSCT over autologous BMT in terms of immediate outcome, relapse-free survival, overall survival and time to treatment failure. Thus, in this retrospective analysis, the only significant benefit for PBSCT was reduced time to neutrophil recovery.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION AT ACETYLENIC CARBON. THE LAST HOLDOUT (1977)

Abstract Übersicht (Synthesen, Mechanismen).
Polysaccharide Dispersions: Chemistry and Technology in Food (1997)

Origin and Characteristics of Polysaccharides. The polysaccharide-Water Interface. State-and Path-Dependent Properties. Concentration Regimes and Mathematical Modeling. Additivity, Complementarity and Synergism. Thermal Processing. Isolation, Purification and Characterization. Classifications. Saccharides in Fat Replacement. References.
Quick Robot Cell Calibration for Small Part Assembly (2015)

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Service mappings (1981)

This memo describes the relationship between the Internet Protocol (IP) [1] Type of Service and the service
Correlation of Amyloid Fibril β‐Structure with the Unfolded State of α‐Synuclein (2007)

Many neurodegenerative disorders are associated with the deposition of amyloid fibrils. Aggregation is generally initiated by unfolding of the native state of the aggregating protein, then conversion into a β-sheet-rich architecture. Using solution- and solid-state NMR spectroscopy, we show that the secondary structure of α-synuclein fibrils, the major component of deposits in Parkinson's disease, correlates directly with the structural properties of the unfolded state. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2268/2007/z700366_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Hyperglucagonaemia in the surgical patient. (1975)

Twenty-one patients had serial samples of blood taken before, during, and after operation for the measurement of plasma glucagon, plasma insulin, and blood glucose concentrations. A significant rise in plasma glucagon level was noted during the operation. In contrast the plasma insulin concentration fell during the operation and rose in the postoperative period despite hyperglycaemia during and after the operation. These findings show that hyperglucagonaemia is a physiological consequence of a surgical operation and that the relationship of plasms glucagon to plasma insulin is complex.
Autoantibodies: diagnostic fingerprints and etiologic perplexities. (1997)

Autoantibodies are a hallmark of systemic rheumatic diseases, organ-specific autoimmune diseases and paraneoplastic syndromes. Cell biologists have used autoantibodies as probes to define the structure and function of novel macromolecules and to determine the chromosomal location of their respective genes. The observation that many autoantibodies appear before the clinical expression of disease suggests that they are not epiphenomena. Some autoantibodies are disease-specific markers and are in aid to establishing a diagnosis. Although it has been difficult to link autoantibodies to pathogenesis, they can be used to predict disease progression and outcome. For example, autoantibodies directed against topoisomerase are associated with progression of scleroderma to diffuse skin involvement and severe systemic disease, whereas antibodies to centromere proteins predict a more slowly progressive disease and development of a limited variant of scleroderma. Certain models of autoantibody production hold promise of a clearer understanding of the mechanisms that underlie autoimmunity. Drugs such as procainamide and hydralazine induce the production of chromatin autoantibodies. Exposure to heavy metals (e.g., mercury) is also linked to the development of autoantibodies. The data provide evidence that the autoimmune response is driven by autoantigens, which are multimolecular complexes involved in essential cellular functions.
From virtuality to reality - Virtual screening in lead discovery and lead optimization: a medicinal chemistry perspective. (2008)

Drug discovery and development is an interdisciplinary, expensive and time-consuming process. Scientific advancements during the past two decades have altered the way pharmaceutical research produces novel bio-active molecules. Advances in computational techniques and hardware solutions have enabled in silico methods, and in particular virtual screening, to speed up modern lead identification and lead optimization. Recent successes have proven the power of combining virtual screening with complementary and synergistic biophysical methods, such as X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). This review addresses key issues, challenges and recent improvements of virtual screening methods and strategies. Examples highlighting the impact of an integrated virtual screening and biophysical characterization platform in the lead identification and optimization process are presented and discussed.
T helper cells recognize an idiotope located on peptide 88-114/117 of the light chain variable domain of an isologous myeloma protein (315). (1983)

Isolated variable region light chain 315 (VL-315), the VL domain of a myeloma protein of BALB/c origin, induces T cells of BALB/c (H-2d) mice that help the adoptive secondary anti-4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-nitrophenylacetyl (NIP) antibody response to NIP-Fab315. The location of the epitope recognized by helper cells was examined with two fragments of VL-315, obtained by cleavage with cyanogen bromide at Met 87. Both N-terminal fragment 1-86 and C-terminal fragment 88-114/117 elicited BALB/c antibodies that bound to the respective fragments and to VL-315. By contrast, only fragment 88-114/117, which consists of the third hypervariable region, J region, and 5-7 amino acids of the C region, induced helper cells that augmented the anti-NIP response to NIP-Fab 315.
Electronic verification of donor‐recipient compatibility: the computer crossmatch (1994)

A combination of existing computer programs and carefully developed SOPs can provide a safe and efficient means of detecting donor-recipient incompatibility without performance of serologic crossmatch.
Polymer Use in Calcareous Formations (1977)

Abstract The use of polymers to improve areal and volumetric sweep efficiency of waterfloods in limestone and dolomite reservoirs has been very limited and has seldom achieved the desired results. Anhydrous polymers, used in calcareous formations, have been generally ineffective. A relatively new process has been developed and field tested whereby a monomer solution is mixed and pumped into the formation. Once in place, the well is shut in and the monomer allowed to polymerize in situ. The resultant polymer may polymerize in situ. The resultant polymer may (within limits) vary in concentration and viscosity as desired. Successful treatments have been performed in carbonate reservoirs in three areas of West Texas and New Mexico, and results have been evaluated and studied over several months. Laboratory work has been done on actual formation rock to determine adsorption characteristics and length of time retained. Introduction Various type treatments have been used in injection wells in an attempt to increase the volumetric and areal sweep efficiency of waterfloods in limestone and dolomite reservoirs. Polymers, slurries, and gelatinous Polymers, slurries, and gelatinous materials are just a few of the more common agents used in this application. Polymers used to increase the viscosity of the injection water may improve the areal sweep efficiency by producing additional oil from streamlines that have been developed between the injection and production wells. Craig defines areal sweep efficiency as follows. "In water-flooding, water is injected into some wells and produced from other wells. In an areal sense, injection and production take place at points. As a result, pressure distributions and corresponding streamlines are developed between injection and production wells. In symmetrical well patterns, a straight line connecting the injector and producer is the shortest streamline producer is the shortest streamline between these two wells, and as a result, the pressure gradient along this line is the highest. So injected water moving areally along this shortest streamline reaches the producing well before the water moving along any other streamline.
Measurement of electro-optic effects in single crystal films of <i>N</i>-(4-nitrophenyl)-<i>L</i>-prolinol (1996)

The electro-optic properties of single crystal films of N-(4-nitrophenyl)- L-prolinol (NPP) were evaluated. The direct coating technique was used to form the electrodes on the surface of the single-crystal film samples. The ac voltage and lock-in technique were used to measure the electro-optic coefficients. The electro-optic effects for different orientation of electrodes on a single-crystal film sample were measured. The dependence of the field induced birefringence on the orientation of electric field with respect to the charge transfer axis was evaluated. The results show that for NPP |n3xr12− n3yr22|=340 pm/V and r12=65 pm/V. The results are promising for various application in electro-optics involving appropriate device geometries.
Self-Eating: Friend or Foe? The Emerging Role of Autophagy in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2013)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is the most common and severe form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Despite an exponential increase in our understanding of potentially important mediators and mechanisms, the pathogenesis remains elusive, and little therapeutic progress has been made in the last few years. Mortality in 3-5 years is still 50%. Autophagy, a highly conserved homeostatic mechanism necessary for cell survival, has been recently implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary disorders. In this paper we aim to highlight some key issues regarding the process of autophagy and its possible association with the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Intelligent coaching of mobile working machine operators (2009)

The performance of a mobile working machine is strongly dependent on the skills of the operator. This paper describes a method for coaching operators of mobile working machines, aiming at increasing the performance of the machine work. The first step is to recognize the plan of the operator, the intent behind the operator's actions. The plan is recognized from the control signals given by the operator during normal work, using hidden Markov models. The operator's performance level is evaluated using the obtained state information. The performance of the operator in a man-machine system is regarded to consist of cognitive and motor-sensory skills. The randomness associated with human operators is dealt with statistical models. Finally, linguistic feedback is given to the operator using a fuzzy expert system. The method is illustrated by an example of a simple but ill-structured work strategy optimization problem associated with machine work.
Detection of Suspicious Connections on Android Mobile Devices (2019)

Mobile devices are vulnerable to becoming part of botnet operations just as any other computing device. Attackers use domain generation algorithms to increase their chance of controlling a mobile device. In order to harden a user's defense against such an attack, this paper proposes a method for inspecting outgoing connections. By inspecting DNS packets that are transferred between the mobile device and the Internet, domain names are extracted and classified as legit or suspicious based on specific lexical features inspired from existing literature. Packet inspection is done without superuser privilege and with minimal user interaction. The solution displays the connections established by a mobile devices with and without the user's consent. Performance analysis on the packet inspection process was done to understand and visualize the CPU and memory usage together with the impact on user experience.
Theory of the (n,p) reaction on<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Zr</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>90</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1987)

A theoretical study of the $^{90}\mathrm{Zr}$(n,p) reaction is performed at an incident energy of 200 MeV. The forward angle $^{90}\mathrm{Zr}$(n,p) spectra are calculated within a microscopic model using random phase approximation transition densities for the description of the nuclear excited states. The calculated spectra are compared to those published previously by Klein, Love, and Auerbach.
cis rescue of a mutated reverse transcriptase gene of human hepatitis B virus by creation of an internal ATG (1990)

Using mutational analysis, we have investigated the translation strategy of the reverse transcriptase gene (pol) of human hepatitis B virus. It has been proposed that this pol gene product is synthesized as a core-pol fusion protein from a polycistronic mRNA template via ribosomal frameshifting, a mechanism often seen in retroelements. Our data indicate that creation of a novel ATG initiation codon near the original ATG can compensate for a lethal missense mutation at the first ATG position of the pol open reading frame. Genetic analysis has rigorously ruled out the possibilities of frameshifting, non-ATG initiation, or RNA editing. These results are discussed in the context of a 5'-end entry model versus a novel model of direct internal entry of ribosomes.
Lower Limb Joint Kinetics During a Side-Cutting Task in Participants With or Without Chronic Ankle Instability (2020)

Our findings suggest that altered ankle-joint kinetics and increased hip-joint stiffness were associated when individuals with CAI performed a side-cutting task. These lower limb kinetic changes may contribute to an increased risk of recurrent lateral ankle sprains in people with CAI. Clinicians and practitioners can use these findings to develop rehabilitation programs for improving maladaptive movement mechanics in individuals with CAI.
Insulin Resistance and Inhibitors of the Insulin Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (2008)

Tissue resistance to insulin is a clinically significant phenomenon that predisposes an individual to numerous health risks beyond the well-established role it plays in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Quantification of whole-body insulin resistance in humans typically involves determining the ability of insulin to stimulate glucose uptake into muscle. The hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp procedure provides a measurement of muscle insulin sensitivity, as this tissue accounts for 75% of glucose disposal under these conditions (1). The decrement in glucose disposal in an insulin-resistant state such as obesity is entirely due to reduced muscle glucose uptake (1). However, insulin resistance can occur in any insulin target tissue, and will produce a phenotype distinct for the biological characteristics of that tissue (2).
Digital short-range radio (1989)

As private mobile-radio channels become more congested, users and suppliers are having to look for more efficient technologies
Total Synthesis and Structural Confirmation of Malayamycin A:  A Novel Bicyclic <i>C</i>-Nucleoside from <i>Streptomyces </i><i>m</i><i>alaysiensis</i> (2003)

[reaction: see text] The stereocontrolled synthesis of malayamycin A, a novel naturally occurring bicyclic C-nucleoside of the perhydrofuropyran type, is described.
Over-the-cell channel routing for high performance circuits (1992)

The authors present a new three-layer over-the-cell channel routing algorithm, WILMA3 (wire length minimization algorithm 3), for high-performance circuits. This router not only minimizes the channel height by OTC routing but also minimizes the net lengths. They have also developed a two-layer router, WILMA2. Both WILMA2 and WILMA3 achieve reduction in channel height while maintaining the net length greater than its length in the two-layer channel routing. Experimental results with WILMA2 indicated that WILMA2 can produce routings that are comparable to existing two-layer over-the-cell routers. Both WILMA2 and WILMA3 achieved these results, while maintaining the net length bound. >
Development of technical high-T/sub c/ superconductor wires and tapes (1993)

High-temperature superconductor (HTSC) BiSrCaCuO-based wires and tapes have been produced using oxide dispersion hardened Ag alloys as sheath material. The use of such sheath material results in superior mechanical properties. The 0.1% yield strength R/sub p0.1/ of wires with 50% HTSC volume fraction exceeds 100 MPa and may reach values up to 150 MPa depending on the respective alloy. The thermal shock resistance also is improved very much. This progress in mechanical properties removes a major obstacle towards application of HTSC in magnet technology. Work concentrating on upscaling of wire production and especially on improving homogeneity is presented. It is shown that filamentization of Bi-2212 wires may lead to improved critical current densities compared to monofilamentary wires.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>