gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Material constants of new piezoelectric Ta2O5 thin films (1990)

The first measurement of the material constants of Ta2O5 thin films is described. x-axis-oriented Ta2O5 thin films were deposited on fused quartz using the dc diode sputtering method. The material constants were determined from the phase velocity and the electromechanical coupling constant of the bulk waves and the surface acoustic waves propagating on the layered substrate.
Measurement of the Relative Sweetness of Selected Sweeteners and Sweetener Mixtures (1969)

SUMMARY –The relative sweetness of sugars and sugar mixtures was studied. In addition to the simple sugars (sucrose, dextrose and fructose), the amino acids, glycine and D, L‐alanine, and the synthetic sweeteners, calcium cyclamate and sodium saccharin, were studied. Using the method of magnitude estimation, considerable data were obtained about relative sweetness over a reasonably wide concentration range. Only two sessions per subject were required to obtain meaningful results. Relative sweetness of the sugars was found to increase with increasing concentration—a pattern quite similar for all the sugars. Changing the reference or reference concentration resulted in shifts in the relative sweetness values for a particular sugar; however, these changes were consistent at all concentrations tested. Slope values for the individual sugars were in good agreement with previously reported results. The individual subjects responses showed a consistent pattern throughout the 10‐month period. Synergistic effects, as much as 20 to 30%, were noted in several sugar mixture combinations but not all concentrations. The data support the concept that there are optimal mixture combinations. The potential applications of these observations are discussed.
Effect of Structural Variation on Photocurrent Efficiency in Alkyl-Substituted Porphyrin Solid-State Thin Layer Photocells (1998)

Three structurally variant alkyl-substituted porphyrins [zinc(II) 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octa-n-decylporphyrin 2, metal(II) meso-5,10,15,20-tetra-n-undecylporphyrin 3 (metal = cobalt, copper, palladium, and zinc), and zinc(II) meso-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(phenoxy-n-nonyl)porphyrin 4] exist as photoconductive insulators and produce significant short circuit photocurrent and open circuit photopotential when irradiated as solid thin films in an indium−tin oxide sandwich cell. Liquid crystalline phase stability, the identity of the inserted metal, and the nature of its supramolecular packing all influence the observed photoelectrochemical response. Porphyrin 2, which has a stable liquid crystalline phase, produces higher steady-state photocurrents than do the corresponding meso-substituted porphyrins 3 and 4, although liquid crystallinity is not an absolute requirement for observation of a photoresponse. Among porphyrins 3, the zinc complex gave the highest steady-state photocurrent. When a phenyl ring orthogonal to the porphyrinic plane was present (as in 4), the observed photovoltaic response was significantly diminished, probably because of difficulties in achieving effective close packing.
A General Approach to Chemical Modification of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Peroxy Organic Acids and Its Application in Polymer Grafting (2007)

The previous work on the functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with peroxytrifluoroacetic acid under ultrasonication is extended to other peroxy organic acids including m-chloroperbenzoic acid and 2-bromo-2-methylperpropionic acid (BMPPA). Systematic characterization of the treated SWCNTs shows that oxygen-based functional groups and the ester groups with Cl or Br substituents were introduced to the nanotubes, demonstrating that the peroxy organic acid treatment is a general approach to chemical modification of SWCNTs. The extent of functionalization depends on the acidity, oxidizability, and concentration of the peroxy organic acids. Furthermore, the attached reactive moieties allow the chemical coupling of SWCNTs to other materials. By using BMPPA-SWCNTs as the initiator, poly(methyl methacrylate) was grafted to SWCNTs through atom transfer radical polymerization.
Techniques on semiautomatic segmentation using the Adobe Photoshop (2005)

The purpose of this research is to enable anybody to semiautomatically segment the anatomical structures in the MRIs, CTs, and other medical images on the personal computer. The segmented images are used for making 3D images, which are helpful in medical education and research. To achieve this purpose, the following trials were performed. The entire body of a volunteer was scanned to make 557 MRIs. On Adobe Photoshop, contours of 19 anatomical structures in the MRIs were semiautomatically drawn using MAGNETIC LASSO TOOL and manually corrected using either LASSO TOOL or DIRECT SELECTION TOOL to make 557 segmented images. In a likewise manner, 13 anatomical structures in the 8,590 anatomical images were segmented. Also 12 anatomical structures in the 790 brain anatomical images and 10 anatomical structures in the 640 heart anatomical images were segmented. Proper segmentation was verified by making 3D images from the segmented images. The semiautomatic segmentation using Adobe Photoshop is expected to be widely used for segmentation of the anatomical structures in various medical images.
The AMD Am286ZX microprocessor (2002)

The author describes all the functions of the Am286ZX integrated processor and shows how to design a PC-AT motherboard using the Am286ZX integrated processor. The Am286ZX integrates the 80C286 CPU along with all the other logic functions into one piece of silicon, which makes the Am286ZX a PC-AT motherboard on a chip.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dual Laplacian editing for meshes (2006)

Recently, differential information as local intrinsic feature descriptors has been used for mesh editing. Given certain user input as constraints, a deformed mesh is reconstructed by minimizing the changes in the differential information. Since the differential information is encoded in a global coordinate system, it must somehow be transformed to fit the orientations of details in the deformed surface, otherwise distortion will appear. We observe that visually pleasing deformed meshes should preserve both local parameterization and geometry details. We propose to encode these two types of information in the dual mesh domain due to the simplicity of the neighborhood structure of dual mesh vertices. Both sets of information are nondirectional and nonlinearly dependent on the vertex positions. Thus, we present a novel editing framework that iteratively updates both the primal vertex positions and the dual Laplacian coordinates to progressively reduce distortion in parametrization and geometry. Unlike previous related work, our method can produce visually pleasing deformations with simple user interaction, requiring only the handle positions, not local frames at the handles.
Results at 2 Years after Gene Therapy for RPE65-Deficient Leber Congenital Amaurosis and Severe Early-Childhood–Onset Retinal Dystrophy (2016)

Treatment with rAAV2-CB-hRPE65 was not associated with serious adverse events, and improvement in 1 or more measures of visual function was observed in 9 of 12 patients. The greatest improvements in visual acuity were observed in younger patients with better baseline visual acuity. Evaluation of more patients and a longer duration of follow-up will be needed to determine the rate of uncommon or rare side effects or safety concerns.
Solution <sup>1</sup>H NMR Characterization of Equilibrium Heme Orientational Disorder with Functional Consequences in Mouse Neuroglobin (2003)

The solution 1H NMR spectrum of oxidized (met) mouse neuroglobin, metNgb, demonstrates that it is low-spin and hexacoordinate with strong spectral similarities to ferricytochrome b5. The axial ligands are identified as His(F8) and His(E7), with the latter exhibiting an unstrained Fe-His bond. The presence of two sets of resonances is shown to arise from equilibrium heme orientational isomers ( approximately 2:1). The ligation of cyanide is shown to be extraordinarily slow with a factor approximately 2 difference in rate for the two heme orientations. Not only is Ngb the first mamalian globin with equilibrium heme disorder, but the disorder also has additional functional consequences.
A Comparison of the in Vitro and in Vivo Thrombogenic Activity of Factor IX Concentrates Using Stasis (Wessler) and Non-Stasis Rabbit Models (1980)

The thrombogenic effects of selected factor IX concentrates were evaluated in two rabbit models; the Wessler stasis model and a novel non-stasis model. Concentrates active in either the NAPTT or TGt50 in vivo tests of potential thrombogenicity, or both, caused thrombus formation in the Wessler technique and activation of the coagulation system in the non-stasis model. A concentrate with low activity in both in vitro tests did not have thrombogenic effects in vivo, at the chosen dose. Results in the non-stasis model suggested that the thrombogenic effects of factor IX concentrates may occur by at least two mechanisms. A concentrate prepared from platelet-rich plasma and a pyrogenic concentrate were also tested and found to have no thrombogenic effect in vivo. These studies justify the use of the NAPTT and TGt50 in vitro tests for the screening of factor IX concentrates prior to clinical use.
Loss: The Secularisation of Meaning (1996)

When someone today asks, ‘Is there life after death?’, they are as likely to mean ‘What is there left for me to live for?’ as ‘Where is the deceased now?’ Life after death is changing its meaning — from the continuing existence of the deceased in some spiritual realm, to the ongoing life of the survivors. Society — as represented by clergy and counsellors — is less worried about the fate of the dead person’s soul than about how the survivors will cope. Books of bereavement now greatly outnumber books on eschatology. In this chapter I will sketch the background to this profound change, which we may summarise in one phrase: the ‘invention’ of bereavement. Human beings have always, of course, grieved for their dead. By the invention of bereavement I mean the shift of focus from the soul of the deceased to the feelings of survivors, and the declining value given to theological expertise in eschatology compared to the increasing value given to expertise in the psychology of grief.
Spatial sampling of printed patterns (1998)

The bitmap obtained by scanning a printed pattern depends on the exact location of the scanning grid relative to the pattern. We consider ideal sampling with a regular lattice of delta functions. The displacement of the lattice relative to the pattern is random and obeys a uniform probability density function defined over a unit cell of the lattice. Random-phase sampling affects the edge-pixels of sampled patterns. The resulting number of distinct bitmaps and their relative frequencies can be predicted from a mapping of the original pattern boundary to the unit cell (called a module-grid diagram). The theory is supported by both simulated and experimental results. The module-grid diagram may be useful in helping to understand the effects of edge-pixel variation on optical character recognition.
Tandem Wessely oxidation and intramolecular Diels–Alder reactions. III. Synthesis of isotwistanes (1988)

Wessely oxidation of o-(3-alkenyl) phenols (5) with lead tetraacetate gives 6-acetoxy-6-(3-alkenyl)-2,4-cyclohexadien-1-ones (6), which undergo intramolecular Diels–Alder reactions to give isotwistene (hexahydro-1,5-methanoindene) derivatives (7). These, on hydrolysis followed by oxidation with periodic acid, give hexahydro-1-oxo-1H-indene-5-carboxylic acids (41, 46). Compounds 5 were prepared either by Grignard coupling of o-methoxybenzyl chloride with allyl halides followed by de-O-methylation with sodium thioethoxide or via reduction of dihydrocoumarins (18–20) to 2-chromanols (21–23) with diisobutylaluminum hydride, followed by Wittig reaction of these with ethyl (triphenylphosphoranylidene)acetate.
Noninvasive Imaging of Cell Death Using an Hsp90 Ligand (2011)

Cell death plays a central role in normal physiology and in disease. Common to apoptotic and necrotic cell death is the eventual loss of plasma membrane integrity. We have produced a small organoarsenical compound, 4-(N-(S-glutathionylacetyl)amino)phenylarsonous acid, that rapidly accumulates in the cytosol of dying cells coincident with loss of plasma membrane integrity. The compound is retained in the cytosol predominantly by covalent reaction with the 90 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp90), the most abundant molecular chaperone of the eukaryotic cytoplasm. The organoarsenical was tagged with either optical or radioisotope reporting groups to image cell death in cultured cells and in murine tumors ex vivo and in situ. Tumor cell death in mice was noninvasively imaged by SPECT/CT using an (111)In-tagged compound. This versatile compound should enable the imaging of cell death in most experimental settings.
Optimized Resource Allocation for Upstream Vectored DSL Systems With Zero-Forcing Generalized Decision Feedback Equalizer (2007)

In upstream vectored DSL systems using zero-forcing generalized decision feedback equalizers (ZF-GDFE), different decoding orders cause performance tradeoffs among the users. In this paper, these tradeoffs are characterized by formulating optimization problems with practical constraints. Lagrange dual decomposition and a two-step algorithm are used to solve the dual problems optimally with the computational complexity linear in the number of DMT tones. However, solving the tonal subproblem, which is shared by all the proposed optimization problems, associates with a high-complexity exhaustive search of K\ orderings, where K is the number of users. Thus, this paper proposes two low-complexity algorithms in order to find suboptimal orderings: successive ordering search (SOS) with complexity O(K <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> ) and modified greedy search (MGA) with complexity O(K <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ). Numerical results show that MGA performs well enough in finding the achievable rate region. For problems related to feasibility check, SOS is suitable for closely approximating the optimal solution.
Covalent Sidewall Functionalization of SWNTs by Nucleophilic Addition of Lithium Amides (2008)

Abstract The synthesis and characterization of sidewall‐functionalized SWNT derivatives ( n PrNH) n ‐SWNTs containing n ‐propylamine addends is reported. The nucleophilic addition of in situ generated lithium n ‐propylamide to the sidewall of SWNTs and the subsequent reoxidation of charged intermediates of the type ( n PrNH) n ‐SWNT n – leads to carbon nanotube derivatives with covalently attached amino groups. Based on the reaction sequence, a homogeneous dispersion of the carbon nanotube material is achieved as a result of the electrostatic repulsion of negatively charged intermediates. The solubility of the resulting propylamine‐functionalized ( n PrNH) n ‐SWNT material in organic solvents is drastically increased. The functionalized tubes were characterized in detail by Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/MS), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV/Vis/NIR spectroscopy. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Reconstructing a 3D Line from a Single Catadioptric Image (2006)

This paper demonstrates that, for axial non-central optical systems, the equation of a 3D line can be estimated using only four points extracted from a single image of the line. This result, which is a direct consequence of the lack of vantage point, follows from a classic result in enumerative geometry: there are exactly two lines in 3-space which intersect four given lines in general position. We present a simple algorithm to reconstruct the equation of a 3D line from four image points. This algorithm is based on computing the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) of the matrix of Plucker coordinates of the four corresponding rays. We evaluate the conditions for which the reconstruction fails, such as when the four rays are nearly coplanar. Preliminary experimental results using a spherical catadioptric camera are presented. We conclude by discussing the limitations imposed by poor calibration and numerical errors on the proposed reconstruction algorithm.
Codes and ciphers (1995)

This thoroughly researched, highly readable volume has biographies of famous--and infamous--spies and cryptographers, illustrations of codes and cipher devices with explanations of how they work, and fascinating examples of how covert communications have changed the course of history, from ancient times through World War II and beyond. 50 photos and illustrations; tables and graphs throughout.
Program theory evaluation: Practice, promise, and problems (2000)

Abstract The historical development of program theory evaluation, current variations in theory and practice, and pressing issues are discussed.
Heritability of Clot Formation, Morphology, and Lysis (2007)

This study indicates that genetic factors contribute modestly to variance in clot structure/function and that clot structure/function is related to presence of the MetS and number of MetS components. Identification of the genetic and environmental factors influencing clot structure/function may further our understanding of the underlying factors predisposing to cardiovascular disease.
Closed-Loop Ignition Timing Control for SI Engines Using Ionization Current Feedback (2007)

Minimal advance for best torque (MBT) timing for an internal combustion (IC) spark ignition (SI) engine is the minimum advance of spark timing for the best torque or, in other words, for the best fuel economy. But MBT timing is often limited by engine knock in the advanced direction and spark timing is also constrained by partial burn and misfire in the retard direction. It is preferred to operate IC engines at MBT timing when it is not knock limited and at borderline knock limit when it is knock limited. During cold start conditions it is desired to operate IC engines at its maximum retard limit subject to combustion stability constraints to reduce catalyst light-off time. Traditionally, both MBT timing and retard spark limit are open-loop feedforward controls whose values are experimentally determined by conducting spark sweeps at different speed and load points, and at different environmental conditions. The borderline knock limit is controlled by a dual-rate count-up/count-down closed-loop control utilizing information from engine knock sensor signals. A closed-loop control architecture for spark timing is proposed in this paper. Using in-cylinder ionization signals both borderline knock and retard spark limits are regulated using closed-loop stochastic limit controls. MBT timing is also controlled closed-loop using an MBT criterion derived from in-cylinder ionization signals. The proposed control strategy and architecture was experimentally validated on a 3.0-L V6 engine for steady state and slow transient conditions
A preliminary study on friction measurements in MEMS (2002)

This study of friction measurements in microelectromechanical systems (MEMs) is aimed at examining static friction measurement techniques, as well as exploring the effects of environmental parameters, including nitrogen, oxygen, and argon at various pressures and humidities. The coefficients of friction between silicon nitride and silicon nitride, silicon nitride and silicon, silicon dioxide and silicon dioxide, and silicon dioxide and silicon dioxide, and silicon dioxide and silicon at various gas pressures are presented along with preliminary interpretations. Exposing the samples to argon resulted in no change in the coefficients of friction, exposing the samples to nitrogen resulted in either a decrease or no change in the coefficients of friction, and exposing the samples to oxygen resulted in an increase in the coefficients of friction. The data suggest that nitrogen acts as a lubricant and adsorbed oxygen acts as an adhesive for the silicon or silicon compound materials tested.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Second screen TV synchronization (2011)

The combined use of broadcast and broadband networks offers the perspective of efficient delivery of a wide range of personalized TV services. Such services are particularly compelling when related content is simultaneously rendered on a personal terminal and on a TV set. As media components are transported separately over different networks, and delivered to different devices, there is a need for a technique to assure their accurate temporal alignment. This paper describes a solution for frame accurate synchronization of hybrid media components used to compose personalized second screen TV services. The approach enables content components from distributed sources to be synchronously rendered on multiple terminals, even after transport over broadcast and broadband networks using different protocols and timing models. An evaluation system has been built showing accurate lip-sync for an on-demand personalized soundtrack consumed on an IP connected handheld terminal in conjunction with broadcast video on a TV set.
An agent or agents produced by virus-transformed cells cause unregulated ruffling in untransformed cells. (1986)

KNRK cells (a normal rat kidney [NRK] cell line transformed by Kirsten murine sarcoma virus) in sparse culture exhibit a highly ruffled morphology, but the cause of this ruffling is unknown. In this study, we have demonstrated that the continuous, excess ruffling on KNRK cells is caused by one or more soluble agents secreted by the KNRK cells themselves. To do this study, an assay for ruffling responses in live cell cultures was defined, and its reproducibility was demonstrated. This assay permitted observation of the kinetics of ruffling responses (percentage of cells ruffled as a function of time after stimulation). This method was used to compare the kinetics of ruffling induced by insulin, epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, glucose, and KNRK cell conditioned medium (CM). Ruffling was elicited on NRK cells by each of the polypeptide mitogens and nutrients, but, in each case, this ruffling subsided spontaneously within an hour. CM from KNRK cells also caused ruffling movements on untransformed NRK cells, but this ruffling continued for at least 20 h. This response was largely blocked by premixing the KNRK cell CM with rabbit IgG against rat transforming growth factor, type alpha, (TGF-alpha). KNRK cells made quiescent (ruffle free) by a pH shift (from 7.4 to 8.4) responded to insulin, glucose, and KNRK cell CM with kinetics similar to those observed for each of these factors in NRK cells. The unusual feature for the ruffle-inducing agent(s) produced by KNRK cells was that this activity was not subject, in either NRK or KNRK cells, to the cellular off-regulation that limits the responses to insulin or glucose. Thus, the continuous ruffling of KNRK cells is caused by their own unregulated ruffle-inducing agent or agents, which appear to include TGF-alpha. This work also demonstrates that kinetic analysis of cellular responses to exogenous factors can provide new insights into the regulatory mechanisms involved in the normal limitation of these responses.
Effect of a Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor, Nimesulide, on the Growth of Lung Tumors and Their Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 and Peroxisome Proliferator- Activated Receptor-γ (2004)

Nimesulide (1500 ppm) induced growth inhibition of A549 lung tumors is associated with the reduction of intratumor PGE(2) levels but without affecting the expression of COX-2. Nimesulide-induced enhancement of the expression of PPAR-gamma may also contribute to its antitumor effect, which needs to be further investigated.