gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Bladder Cells: Potential for Urological Tissue Engineering (2009)

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are capable of differentiating into multiple cell types, providing an alternative cell source for cell-based therapy and tissue engineering. Simultaneous differentiation of human BMSCs into smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and urothelium would be beneficial for clinical applications in bladder regeneration for patients with bladder exstrophy or cancer who need cystoplasty. We investigated the ability of human BMSCs to differentiate toward both SMCs and urothelium with cocultured or conditioned media and analyzed growth factors from a coculture system. After being cocultured with urothelium or cultured using urothelium-derived conditioned medium, human BMSCs expressed urothelium-specific genes and proteins: uroplakin-Ia, cytokeratin-7, and cytokeratin-13. When cocultured with SMCs or cultured in SMC-conditioned medium, human BMSCs expressed SMC-specific genes and proteins: desmin and myosin. Several growth factors (hepatocyte growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor-homodimer polypeptide of B chain (BB), transforming growth factor-beta1, and vascular endothelial growth factor) were detected in the SMC cocultured media and in the urothelium cocultured media (epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor-BB, transforming growth factor-beta1, and vascular endothelial growth factor). BMSC-scaffold constructs significantly improved cell contractility after myogenic differentiation. In vivo-grafted cells displayed significant matrix infiltration and expressed SMC-specific markers in the nanofibrous poly-l-lactic acid scaffolds. In conclusion, smooth muscle- and urothelium-like cells derived from human BMSCs provide an alternative cell source for potential use in bladder tissue engineering.
Designing Unusual Polymer Topologies by Electrostatic Self-Assembly and Covalent Fixation (2000)

A novel protocol for designing a variety of topologically unique multicyclic polymer architectures, such as mono-, bi-, and tricyclic polymers as well as topological isomers, has been proposed on the basis of an electrostatic self-assembly of polymer precursors having five-membered cyclic ammonium salt groups accompanying plurifunctional carboxylate counteranions. Upon dilution in an organic medium at a concentration of below a gram per liter, the multiple aggregates of the polymer precursors completely dissociate into a smallest assembly, and cations and anions balance the charge. The subsequent covalent fixation through the ring-opening reaction of cyclic ammonium salt groups by carboxylate counteranions provides an efficient means for a variety of polymer architectures comprising mono- and multicyclic polymer units.
Default Route Advertisement In BGP2 and BGP3 Version of The Border Gateway Protocol (1993)

This document specifies the recommendation of the BGP Working Group on default route advertisement support in BGP2 [1] and BGP3 [2] versions of the Border Gateway Protocol.
<b>SMCTC</b>: Sequential Monte Carlo in<i>C++</i> (2009)

Sequential Monte Carlo methods are a very general class of Monte Carlo methods for sampling from sequences of distributions. Simple examples of these algorithms are used very widely in the tracking and signal processing literature. Recent developments illustrate that these techniques have much more general applicability, and can be applied very effectively to statistical inference problems. Unfortunately, these methods are often perceived as being computationally expensive and difficult to implement. This article seeks to address both of these problems. A C++ template class library for the efficient and convenient implementation of very general Sequential Monte Carlo algorithms is presented. Two example applications are provided: a simple particle filter for illustrative purposes and a state-of-the-art algorithm for rare event estimation.
NAFTA's impact on the North American agriculture?a logistician's perspective (1998)

NAFTA is improving the field of agriculture in Canada, the United States, and Mexico. It is not doing so by enacting measures intended to improve the agricultural sector directly. Rather, the improvement is the indirect result of agriculture's dependence on transportation, telecommunications, intellectual property rights, and investment capital-all of which have been substantially improved by NAFTA. Improvement of these four areas has improved agriculture and will continue to improve it in the future.
The Relative Operating Characteristic in Psychology (1973)

The clinician looking, listening, or feeling for signs of a disease may far prefer a false alarm to a miss, particularly if the disease is serious and contagious. On the other hand, he may believe that the available therapy is marginally effective, expensive, and debilitating. The pilot seeing the landing lights only when they are a few yards away may decide that his plane is adequately aligned with the runway if he is alone and familiar with that plight. He may be more inclined to circle the field before another try at landing if he has many passengers and recent memory of another plane crashing under those circumstances. The Food and Drug administrator suspecting botulism in a canned food may not want to accept even a remote threat to the public health. But he may be less clearly biased if a recent false alarm has cost a canning company millions of dollars and left some damaged reputations. The making of almost any fine discrimination is beset with such considerations of probability and utility, which are extraneous and potentially confounding when one is attempting to measure the acuity of discrimination per se. The ROC is an analytical technique, with origins in statistical decision theory and electronic detection theory, that quite effectively isolates the effects of the observer's response bias, or decision criterion, in the study of discrimination behavior. This capability, pursued through a century of psychological testing, provides a relatively pure measure of the discriminability of different stimuli and of the capacity of organisms to discriminate. The ROC also treats quantitatively the response, or decision, aspects of choice behavior. The decision parameter can then be functionally related to the probabilities of the stimulus alternatives and to the utilities of the various stimulus-response pairs, or to the observer's expectations and motivations. In separating and quantifying discrimination and decision processes, the ROC promises a more reliable and valid solution to some practical problems and enhances our understanding of the perceptual and cognitive phenomena that depend directly on these fundamental processes. In several problem areas in psychology, effects that were supposed to reflect properties of the discrimination process have been shown by the ROC analysis to reflect instead properties of the decision process.
DESIGN OF COMPACT PLANAR INVERTED-L DIVERSITY ANTENNA FOR HANDHELD TERMINALS (2008)

Antenna diversity is a well-known technique to enhance the performance of wireless communication systems. In order to create an antenna diversity system on a wireless device, two or more antenna elements could be placed in positions. However, it is difficult to implement multiple antennas on handheld terminal. A compact planar inverted-L diversity antenna for handheld terminals is provided. Three diversity antennas operating at 2.15 GHz are designed. The isolation is found to be better than 13 dB and the usable bandwidth is about 13% in measurement. The measured radiation patterns are obtained that the proposed diversity antenna attains 2 dBi gain.
Review of deep inspiration breath‐hold techniques for the treatment of breast cancer (2015)

Radiation treatment to the left breast is associated with increased cardiac morbidity and mortality. The deep inspiration breath-hold technique (DIBH) can decrease radiation dose delivered to the heart and this may facilitate the treatment of the internal mammary chain nodes. The aim of this review is to critically analyse the literature available in relation to breath-hold methods, implementation, utilisation, patient compliance, planning methods and treatment verification of the DIBH technique. Despite variation in the literature regarding the DIBH delivery method, patient coaching, visual feedback mechanisms and treatment verification, all methods of DIBH delivery reduce radiation dose to the heart. Further research is required to determine optimum protocols for patient training and treatment verification to ensure the technique is delivered successfully.
Synthesis of Ag/Cu <sub>2</sub> O hybrids and their photocatalytic degradation treatment of <i>p</i> -nitrophenol (2011)

Cu2O and Ag/Cu2O hybrids with different Ag contents were synthesised by reducing AgNO3 and Cu(Ac)2 with Na2SO3 via a hydrothermal method. The as-prepared samples were characterised by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy technologies. The final samples were used as catalysts for degradation of p-nitrophenol in wastewater, and their catalytic parameters, including irradiation time, catalyst composition, concentration of catalyst, initial concentration of pollutant and repeatability of catalyst, were investigated in detail. The results indicated that p-nitrophenol could be effectively degraded by Ag/Cu2O hybrid with higher Ag content (such as 20 or 25% Ag). After being used nine times, the corresponding catalyst still exhibited high catalytic activity. The possible photocatalytic mechanism was discussed. The technology possesses potential application in the treatment of wastewater containing nitrophenol pollutants.
Analysis of laser emission in Ho<sup>3+</sup>-doped materials (1975)

The oscillator strengths, transition rates, and branching ratios associated with known and potential laser transitions in trivalent holmium are discussed. Recently reported laser transitions between the <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> F <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</inf> and <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</inf> energy manifolds are found to have an abnormally low average oscillator strength, and an alternative explanation of the laser observation is suggested.
Conclusion (1990)

Although Britain initially appeared to have attained supremacy during 1763, the situation took a huge turn about two decades later, and was perceived to have been brought about by the American War. While the king opted to put the blame on his domestic opponents rather than his foreign opponents, the instability experienced by the ministry again challenged the diplomacy of Britain after the Seven Years War. Although political problems such as the survival of William Pitt as Prime Minister were a growing issue, a greater problem was posed by the attempt of French forces at achieving revenge. This concluding chapter includes a summary of the fundamental and noteworthy events that caused the various developments in Britain's foreign policy.
Supervised learning approach to remote heart rate estimation from facial videos (2015)

A supervised machine learning approach to remote video-based heart rate (HR) estimation is proposed. We demonstrate the possibility of training a discriminative statistical model to estimate the Blood Volume Pulse signal (BVP) from the human face using ambient light and any off-the-shelf webcam. The proposed algorithm is 120 times faster than state of the art approach and returns a confidence metric to evaluate the HR estimates plausibility. The algorithm was evaluated against the state-of-the-art on 120 minutes of face videos, the largest video-based heart rate evaluation to date. The evaluation results showed a 53% decrease in the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) compared to state-of-the-art.
The Anti-fatigue Effect of 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rg3 in Mice by Intranasally Administration (2008)

20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 (20(R)-Rg3) has shown multiple pharmacological activities and been considered as one of the most promising approaches for fatigue treatment. However, 20(R)-Rg3 has a low bioavailability after oral administration in human due to the first-pass effect. Recently, nasal route has gained increasing interest as it can avoid first-pass effect for its lower enzymatic activity compared with the gastrointestinal tract and liver. In order to provide an animal experimental evidence of 20(R)-Rg3 intranasal administrated preparation, the anti-fatigue effect of 20(R)-Rg3 after intranasal administration was investigated. Two weeks after 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 was administrated intranasally to mice at three different doses, the anti-fatigue effect of 20(R)-Rg3 was evaluated by the weight-loaded swimming test and biochemical parameters related to fatigue, such as serum urea nitrogen (SUN), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), blood lactic acid (LA) and hepatic glycogen. The results showed that compared with the negative control group, the intermediate-dose and the high-dose groups significantly prolonged the weight-loaded swimming time (p<0.05; p<0.01), and also increased the hepatic glycogen levels (p<0.05); SUN levels were decreased considerably in three 20(R)-Rg3-treated groups (p<0.01). In addition, the low-dose group obviously decreased the content of blood LA (p<0.05). However, the levels of LDH, SOD and MDA did not show a significant change. Our results predicted a benefit of 20(R)-Rg3 as an anti-fatigue treatment by intranasal administration. The mechanism was related to the increase of the storage of hepatic glycogen, and the decrease of the accumulation of metabolite such as lactic acid and serum urea nitrogen.
Teratogenic Activity of HDAC Inhibitors (2014)

Modification of the terminal tails of histones is considered one of the documented mechanisms for epigenetic control of gene expression. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) lead to a state of hyperacetylation of histone, a condition that can affect normal gene transcription. Furthermore, HDACi have many other protein targets involved in regulation of gene expression, cell proliferation and cell death. For these properties some HDACi are nowadays used as anticancer drugs with promising results. Several molecules with HDACi properties (valproic acid, trichostatin A, apicidin, MS-275, sodium butyrate, boric acid, salicylic acid) have been found to induce congenital malformations associated with hyperacetylation of histones in the target organs. Cell death is the major event in the target organs a few hours after embryonic exposure to HDACi. Gene deregulation, oxidative stress, DNA demethylation, and/or retinoic acid imbalance are the modes of action postulated for HDACi-induced teratogenesis.
Alternating winding magnetostrictive electromagnetic acoustic transducer for pipe torsional guided wave generation (2010)

Ultrasonic guided waves propagating in bounded elastic media called waveguide are used extensively nowadays for rapid screening and long distance inspection of defect-prone structures. Various types of transducers are available for guided wave generation, including piezoelectric transducers and electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) etc.. EMAT is based on Lorentz force and/or magnetostrictive effect, and advantageous sometimes because of its non-contact nature. An alternating winding magnetostrictive type EMAT for torsional mode ultrasonic guided wave generation in a steel pipe is introduced in this paper. This new transducer design is composed of a pre-magnetized Nickel strip with circumferential static magnetic field and a coaxial coil in an alternating winding pattern. Theoretically this transducer design could be viewed as an extension of existing magnetostrictive type EMAT for SH guided wave generation in a steel plate. The alternating winding pattern enables accurate and easy control of guided wave mode. Results of experiments done on a steel pipe were shown to verify this transducer design.
Hierarchical CRMP2 posttranslational modifications control NaV1.7 function (2016)

Voltage-gated sodium channels are crucial determinants of neuronal excitability and signaling. Trafficking of the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.7 is dysregulated in neuropathic pain. We identify a trafficking program for NaV1.7 driven by hierarchical interactions with posttranslationally modified versions of the binding partner collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2). The binding described between CRMP2 and NaV1.7 was enhanced by conjugation of CRMP2 with small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) and further controlled by the phosphorylation status of CRMP2. We determined that CRMP2 SUMOylation is enhanced by prior phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 and antagonized by Fyn phosphorylation. As a consequence of CRMP2 loss of SUMOylation and binding to NaV1.7, the channel displays decreased membrane localization and current density, and reduces neuronal excitability. Preventing CRMP2 SUMOylation with a SUMO-impaired CRMP2-K374A mutant triggered NaV1.7 internalization in a clathrin-dependent manner involving the E3 ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2 (neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 4) and endocytosis adaptor proteins Numb and epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 15. Collectively, our work shows that diverse modifications of CRMP2 cross-talk to control NaV1.7 activity and illustrate a general principle for regulation of NaV1.7.
Siftables (2007)

This paper outlines Siftables, a novel platform that applies technology and methodology from wireless sensor networks to tangible user interfaces in order to yield new possibilities for human-computer interaction. Siftables are compact devices with sensing, graphical display, and wireless communication. They can be physically manipulated as a group to interact with digital information and media. We discuss the unique affordances that a sensor network user interface (SNUI) such as Siftables provides, as well as the resulting directness between the physical interface and the data being manipulated. We conclude with a description of some gestural language primitives that we are currently prototyping with Siftables.
Multireference Nature of Chemistry: The Coupled-Cluster View (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTMultireference Nature of Chemistry: The Coupled-Cluster ViewDmitry I. Lyakh*, Monika Musiał, Victor F. Lotrich, and Rodney J. BartlettView Author Information Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States*Phone: 352-392-6714. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2012, 112, 1, 182–243Publication Date (Web):December 28, 2011Publication History Received27 April 2011Published online28 December 2011Published inissue 11 January 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr2001417https://doi.org/10.1021/cr2001417review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views8377Altmetric-Citations425LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Cluster chemistry,Determinants,Hamiltonians,Mathematical methods,Wave function Get e-Alerts
Clostridium difficile Toxin B Causes Apoptosis in Epithelial Cells by Thrilling Mitochondria (2007)

Targeting to mitochondria is emerging as a common strategy that bacteria utilize to interact with these central executioners of apoptosis. Several lines of evidence have in fact indicated mitochondria as specific targets for bacterial protein toxins, regarded as the principal virulence factors of pathogenic bacteria. This work shows, for the first time, the ability of the Clostridium difficile toxin B (TcdB), a glucosyltransferase that inhibits the Rho GTPases, to impact mitochondria. In living cells, TcdB provokes an early hyperpolarization of mitochondria that follows a calcium-associated signaling pathway and precedes the final execution step of apoptosis (i.e. mitochondria depolarization). Importantly, in isolated mitochondria, the toxin can induce a calcium-dependent mitochondrial swelling, accompanied by the release of the proapoptogenic factor cytochrome c. This is consistent with a mitochondrial targeting that does not require the Rho-inhibiting activity of the toxin. Of interest, the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels are also involved in the apoptotic response to TcdB and appear to be crucial for the cell death execution phase, as demonstrated by using specific modulators of these channels. To our knowledge, the involvement of these mitochondrial channels in the ability of a bacterial toxin to control cell fate is a hitherto unreported finding.
Isolation and characterization of VGF peptides in rat brain. Role of PC1/3 and PC2 in the maturation of VGF precursor (2002)

The neurotrophin responsive gene vgf is widely expressed in central and peripheral neurones, and in certain neuroendocrine cell populations. Its encoded VGF precursor protein (proVGF1: 617 amino acids in rat, 615 in man, > 85% homology) gives rise to several low molecular weight species. We studied a range of neuroendocrine and neuronal cells, in which VGF-processing products were prominent with an apparent molecular weight of 20 and 10 kDa (VGF20 and VGF10, respectively). Such peptides were recognized by antibodies specific for the C-terminal rat VGF nonapeptide, thus indicating that they included the C-terminus of proVGF. Ectopic expression of the neuroendocrine-specific prohormone convertases PC1/3 or PC2 in GH3 cells showed that both could generate VGF20, while VGF10 was preferentially produced by PC1/3. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to identify the KRKRKK(488) motif as the target within VGF sequence which leads to the production of VGF20. Molecular characterization of rat VGF10, on the other hand, revealed that this peptide is produced by cleavage at the RPR(555) site. By the combined use of high-resolution separation techniques, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectrometry and manual Edman degradation we identified in rat brain a VGF fragment analogous to bovine peptide V and two novel peptides also derived from the C-terminal region of proVGF.
Comparative Efficacy of Famciclovir and Valacyclovir for Suppression of Recurrent Genital Herpes and Viral Shedding (2006)

Valacyclovir appear to be somewhat better than famciclovir for suppression of genital herpes and associated shedding. Further comparative trials of antiviral drugs for various indications should be performed as acyclovir and penciclovir appear to have different ability to abrogate HSV reactivation.
Colonization with community‐acquired methicillin‐resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>in children with atopic dermatitis: a cross‐sectional study (2011)

The results of this study confirm a high rate of S. aureus colonization of pediatric patients with AD. The low rate of MRSA requires further proof from larger prospective studies.