gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on a Single-Crystalline TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanorod Film (2006)

Highly crystalline TiO2 nanorods with lengths of 100-300 nm and diameters of 20-30 nm have been synthesized by a hydrothermal process in a cetyltrimethylammonium bromide surfactant solution. The microstructure measured by X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy was a pure highly crystalline anatase phase with a long nanorod shape. The addition of a triblock copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)100-poly(propylene oxide) 65-poly(ethylene oxide)100 (F127) decreased the length of the nanorods and kept the rod shape of the particles even after sintering at high temperatures. The rod shape kept under high calcination temperatures contributed to the achievement of the high conversion efficiency of light-to-electricity as discussed in the paper. A high conversion efficiency of light-to-electricity of 7.29% was obtained with the TiO2 single-crystalline anatase nanorod cell.
Residence Time Effects on Arsenate Adsorption/Desorption Mechanisms on Goethite (2001)

In order to make sound decisions regarding arsenate contamination in soil and water environments, it is necessary to have a thorough understanding of the mechanisms of arsenate sorption and desorption over extended periods. The major objectives of this study were to determine the effects of aging or residence time on the kinetics of arsenate sorption and desorption on goethite, and to combine spectroscopic x‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and macroscopic studies in order to determine sorption and desorption mechanisms over time at pH 4 and 6. Sorption studies, conducted from 4 min to ≈12 mo, showed that arsenate sorption on goethite increased with time. Sorption was initially rapid, with over 93% arsenate being sorbed in a 24‐h period at pH 6. Similar arsenate adsorption behavior was observed at pH 4. Analysis of the samples with extended x‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) revealed that there exist two distinct atomic shells surrounding the adsorbed As. The closest atomic shell was identified as an O atom, the next shell out was identified as an Fe atom. The As–Fe bond distance of 3.30 Å, derived from XAFS data, is indicative of a bidentate binuclear bond forming between the arsenate atoms and the goethite surface. This is in agreement with the findings of previous researchers. Analysis of the As EXAFS from samples incubated for various periods indicated that the molecular environment did not change over time. Complimentary desorption kinetic studies showed that when aging was increased, there was no significant change in the amount of arsenate desorbed from goethite by PO 3− 4 Initially, desorption was quite rapid with >35% of the total adsorbed As being desorbed within 24 h at pH 6. After the initial rapid desorption, only a small amount of additional desorption occurred at longer times. A significant amount of arsenate remained bound to the goethite after 5 mo of desorption even though the PO 3− 4 desorptive solution was three times stronger than the initial arsenate sorptive solution. Sulfate was much less effective at promoting arsenate desorption; at pH 6, no more than 2.5% of the total sorbed arsenate desorbed over a 5‐mo period. Desorption results at pH 4 were similar to the desorption behavior at pH 6. The XAFS analyses of PO 3− 4 desorbed arsenate samples showed that the molecular environment of the adsorbed arsenate did not change.
Optimal Mobility-Aware Handoff in Mobile Environments (2011)

Mobile terminals with multi-radio devices have become increasingly prevalent. This makes it possible for Internet applications being supported by heterogeneous wireless networks while the terminal is on move. As the user is constantly moving, it is highly desirable that the terminal connects to the best network and retains high performance of Internet connection. Handoff can be made within the same type of network or different types of networks. A vertical handoff may interrupt the ongoing activity but may also bring higher performance. Handoff in such a heterogeneous mobile environment faces several challenges, such as user mobility randomness, handoff overhead and optimality requirement. Existing work often focuses only on the current network condition when making handoff decisions, ignoring user mobility patterns. As a result, a handoff decision good for the present may soon become poor when the user moves to another place. Importantly, the current handoff decision may influence the future performance of the user's connection. This paper proposes an optimal handoff algorithm that explicitly exploits user mobility patterns, with which we can effectively predict further locations of a user. This algorithm can produce optimal handoff decisions in the long run. Employing a comprehensive framework for preference customization, the algorithm supports user customization caring for different user preferences. We conduct extensive real trace driven simulation experiments and comparative study shows our algorithm is better than the typical algorithms.
Stimulation of heme accumulation and erythroid colony formation in cultures of chick bone marrow cells by chicken plasma. (1978)

A fibrin clot culture system with high plating efficiency is described for the growth of erythroid cells from chick bone marrow. Erythroid colonies grown in the absence of adult chicken plasma (spontaneous colonies) were either benzidine-negative or weakly benzidine-positive. Colonies grown in the presence of chicken plasma were 90% strongly benzidine-positive and 40% more abundant than spontaneous colonies. Plasma from anemic chickens was more effective than control plasma in inducing heme accumulation (heme-stimulating activity) and in increasing the number of erythroid colonies (colony-stimulating activity). Spontaneous colonies from 48-h cultures were transformed into benzidine-positive colonies by exposing them for 6-10 h to chicken plasma.
A microRNA expression atlas of mouse dendritic cell development (2014)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are sentinel cells of the immune system and are essential for inducing a proper immune response. The mechanisms driving the development of DCs are not fully understood. Although the roles of cytokines and transcription factors have been a major focus, there is now substantial interest in the role of microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are small RNAs that regulate gene expression by targeting messenger RNAs for translational repression and ultimately degradation. By means of deep sequencing, we have assembled a comprehensive and quantitative resource of miRNA expression during DC development. We show that mature DCs and their hematopoietic progenitors can be distinguished based on miRNA expression profiles. On the other hand, we show that functionally distinct conventional and plasmacytoid DC subsets are indistinguishable based on miRNA profile. In addition, we identify differences between ex vivo purified conventional DCs and their in vitro Flt3L-generated counterparts. This miRNA expression atlas will provide a valuable resource for the study of miRNAs in DC development and function.
Forest stewardship council fails rainforest protection in Victoria (2013)

In September, Friends of the Earth Australia (FoE) produced a case study on the complications associated with Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification of rainforest communities in Victoria's Strzelecki Ranges. With FSC now making headway across Australia, with a range of forest agencies and companies alike showing increased interest in the scheme - the recently signed Tasmanian Forest Agreement for example is relying on FSC certification - it is worth investigating what impacts FSC has had on ecosystems that have been certified.
Optimal radiometric calibration for camera-display communication (2016)

We present a novel method for communicating between a moving camera and an electronic display by embedding and recovering hidden, dynamic information within an image. A small intensity pattern is added to alternate frames of a time-varying display. A handheld camera pointed at the display can receive not only the display image, but also an underlying message. Differencing the camera-captured alternate frames leaves the small intensity pattern, but results in errors due to photometric effects that depend on camera pose. Detecting and robustly decoding the message requires careful photometric modeling for message recovery. The key innovation of our approach is an algorithm that performs simultaneous radiometric calibration and message recovery in one convex optimization problem. By modeling the photometry of the system using a camera-display transfer function (CDTF), we derive an optimal online radiometric calibration (OORC) for robust computational messaging as demonstrated with nine different commercial cameras and displays. The online radiometric calibration algorithms described in this paper significantly reduces message recovery errors, especially for low intensity messages and oblique camera angles.
Rhenium(<scp>v</scp>) oxocomplexes with novel pyrazolyl-based N<sub>4</sub>- and N<sub>3</sub>S-donor chelators (2006)

The novel pyrazolyl-based ligands 3,5-Me2pz(CH2)2NH(CH2)2NH(CH2)2NH2 and pz*(CH2)2NH-Gly-CH2STrit (pz*=pz, 3,5-Me2pz, 4-(EtOOC)CH(2)-3,5-Me2pz) were synthesized, and their suitability to stabilize Re(V) oxocomplexes was evaluated using different starting materials, namely (NBu4)[ReOCl4], [ReOCl3(PPh3)2] and trans-[ReO2(py)4]Cl. Compound reacts with trans-[ReO2(py)4]Cl yielding the cationic compound [ReO(OMe){3,5-Me2pz(CH2)2N(CH2)2NH(CH2)2NH2}](BPh4) in a low isolated yield. In contrast, the neutral complexes [ReO{pz*(CH2)2NH-Gly-CH2S}] (pz*=pz, 3,5-Me2pz, 4-(EtOOCCH2)-3,5-Me2pz) were synthesized almost quantitatively by reacting [ReOCl3(PPh3)2] or (NBu4)[ReOCl4] with the trityl-protected chelators. The X-ray diffraction analysis of and confirmed the tetradentate coordination mode of the respective ancillary ligands. In the monoanionic chelator coordinates to the metal through four nitrogen atoms, while in the chelator is trianionic, coordinating to the metal through three nitrogens and one sulfur atom. Solution NMR studies of , including two-dimensional NMR techniques (1H COSY and 1H/13C HSQC), confirmed that the N3S coordination mode of the chelators is retained in solution. Unlike , complexes may be considered relevant in the development of radiopharmaceuticals, as further corroborated by the synthesis of the congener [99mTcO{pz(CH2)2-NH-Gly-CH2S}]. This radioactive compound was obtained from 99mTcO4- in aqueous medium, in almost quantitative yield and with high specific activity and radiochemical purity.
Reducing Labeling Effort for Structured Prediction Tasks (2005)

A common obstacle preventing the rapid deployment of supervised machine learning algorithms is the lack of labeled training data.This is particularly expensive to obtain for structured prediction tasks, where each training instance may have multiple, interacting labels, all of which must be correctly annotated for the instance to be of use to the learner.Traditional active learning addresses this problem by optimizing the order in which the examples are labeled to increase learning efficiency.However, this approach does not consider the difficulty of labeling each example, which can vary widely in structured prediction tasks.For example, the labeling predicted by a partially trained system may be easier to correct for some instances than for others.We propose a new active learning paradigm which reduces not only how many instances the annotator must label, but also how difficult each instance is to annotate.The system also leverages information from partially correct predictions to efficiently solicit annotations from the user.We validate this active learning framework in an interactive information extraction system, reducing the total number of annotation actions by 22%.
Matrix isolation Fourier transform infrared spectrometric detection in the open tubular column gas chromatography of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMatrix isolation Fourier transform infrared spectrometric detection in the open tubular column gas chromatography of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonsD. M. Hembree, A. A. Garrison, R. A. Crocombe, R. A. Yokley, E. L. Wehry, and G. MamantovCite this: Anal. Chem. 1981, 53, 12, 1783–1788Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00235a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00235a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views83Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lifetime Extraction from Nonexponential Decay Signals (1998)

Nonexponential decay occurs widely in chemistry, physics, and technology. The most common example of nonexponential decay is multi-exponential decay, which comprises two or more parallel and independent decay processes. Most numerical methods now in use extract multiple lifetimes require iterations of a least square fitting procedure. fortunately, these methods usually exhibit instability, and their use is subject to the introduction of user bias. A related problem has to do with the determination of the instrumental resolution function. In this thesis, we attempt to use a direct analytical approach to implement Schrader's Laplace inversion algorithm, which deals with data extraction and deconvolution by inverting the Laplace transform in terms of its convoluted eigenfunctions. We fail to get reasonable results because singularities are inherent in some integrations. A new method has been developed to solve this problem, involving only simple matrix manipulations. The numerical experiments show that this method is easy and quick. Satisfactory performance has been achieved for a simple model system, but attempts extend this initial success to more complex model have been disappointing.
Regulation of Porphyrin Biosynthesis (1971)

Abstract δ-Aminolevulinic acid synthase has been purified 1300-fold from photosynthetically cultured Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. The enzyme having a specific activity of 130 units per mg shows one major band and two minor bands upon disc electrophoresis. Some properties, including molecular weight, stability, and the inhibition of enzyme activity by hemin are reported. The comparative behavior of crude and purified enzyme toward oxidizing and reducing agents is discussed. Although δ-aminolevulinic acid synthase functions in a regulatory capacity, it apparently lacks some characteristics generally observed with allosteric enzymes.
Intellectual property information: A comparative analysis of main information providers (2006)

Abstract After modeling expert user needs with regard to intellectual property information, we analyze and compare the main providers in this specific information area (Thomson DIALOG, Esp@cenet by the European Patent Office, Questel‐Orbit, and STN International) in terms of system content and system functionality. The key question is whether the main providers are able to satisfy these expert user needs. For patent information, some special retrieval features such as chemical structure search (including Markush search), patent family references and citations search, biosequence search, and basic informetric functionality such as ranking, mapping, and visualization of information flows are realized. Considering the results of information science research, the practice of patent information shows unexhausted improvement opportunities (e.g., the application of bibliographic patent coupling and co‐patent‐citation for mapping patents, patent assignees, and technology specialties). For trademark search, users need multiple truncated search (realized) as well as phonetic search and image retrieval (not realized yet).
Food Industrial Processes - Methods and Equipment (2012)

The global food industry has the largest number of demanding and knowledgeable consumers: the world population of seven billion inhabitants, since every person eats! This population requires food products that fulfill the high quality standards established by the food industry organizations. Food shortages threaten human health and are aggravated by the disastrous, extreme climatic events such as floods, droughts, fires, storms connected to climate change, global warming and greenhouse gas emissions that modify the environment and, consequently, the production of foods in the agriculture and husbandry sectors. This collection of articles is a timely contribution to issues relating to the food industry. They were selected for use as a primer, an investigation guide and documentation based on modern, scientific and technical references. This volume is therefore appropriate for use by university researchers and practicing food developers and producers. The control of food processing and production is not only discussed in scientific terms; engineering, economic and financial aspects are also considered for the advantage of food industry managers.
Empirical Studies About the Economic and Political Determinants of Budget Deficits (2000)

This paper is a survey of the literature on determinants of budget deficits. It presents some important studies, in particular the emphasize is given to the empirical results. It begins with tax smoothing model and concludes that this approach alone is not possible to explain the determinants of budget deficits. The political determinants of budget deficits are organized as: stability, disagreement between decision makers, ideological differences, fiscal restraints and budgeting procedures. The empirical results about these factors are presented. Political factors, which contains important policy implications, seem to be effective to clarify the subject.
SERI advanced wind turbine blades (1992)

The primary goal of the Solar Energy Research Institute's (SERI) advanced wind turbine blades is to convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical energy in an inexpensive and efficient manner. To accomplish this goal, advanced wind turbine blades have been developed by SERI that utilize unique airfoil technology. Performance characteristics of the advanced blades were verified through atmospheric testing on fixed-pitch, stall-regulated horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWTs). Of the various wind turbine configurations, the stall-regulated HAWT dominates the market because of its simplicity and low cost. Results of the atmospheric tests show that the SERI advanced blades produce 10% to 30% more energy than conventional blades. 6 refs.
Software approach to merging molecular with anatomic information. (2004)

Software image registration is a powerful and versatile tool that allows the fusion of molecular and anatomic information. Image registration can be applied to compare anatomic information with function, localize organs and lesions, and plan radiation therapy, biopsy, or surgery. Automatic volume-based image registration techniques have been devised for both linear and nonlinear image alignment. Challenges remain in the validation of the accuracy of software registration. Image registration has been applied clinically in neurology and oncology and may be particularly practical in radiotherapy applications. Potential new applications in cardiology could allow the combination of CT angiography with perfusion and viability images obtained by PET, SPECT, or MRI. Software methods allow versatility in the choice of modalities and facilitate retrospective and selective application. Fully automatic registration algorithms are needed for routine clinical applications. Connectivity, compatibility, and cooperation between various clinical departments are essential for the successful application of software-based image fusion in a hospital setting.
Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic α-Alkylation of Acyclic Ketones (2005)

The first example of Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allyl alkylation of the conformationally nonrigid acyclic ketone enolates is reported with excellent yields, regioselectivity, and enantioselectivity. The double bond geometry of the allyl enol carbonates affects its reactivity, selectivity, as well as the absolute configuration of the products. An opposite enantioselectivity from what is predicted by a direct attack of the enolate on the allyl moiety of the pi-ally-Pd complex was observed. An alternative mechanism was proposed, which involves an inner sphere process of coordination of the enolate to Pd followed by reductive elimination.
In vitro generation of endothelial microparticles and possible prothrombotic activity in patients with lupus anticoagulant (1999)

Microparticles (MPs) resulting from vesiculation of platelets and other blood cells have been extensively documented in vitro and have been found in increased numbers in several vascular diseases, but little is known about MPs of endothelial origin. The aim of this study was to analyze morphological, immunological, and functional characteristics of MPs derived from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated by TNF, and to investigate whether these MPs are detectable in healthy individuals and in patients with a prothrombotic coagulation abnormality. Electron microscopy evidenced bleb formation on the membrane of TNF-stimulated HUVECs, leading to increased numbers of MPs released in the supernatant. These endothelial microparticles (EMPs) expressed the same antigenic determinants as the corresponding cell surface, both in resting and activated conditions. MPs derived from TNF-stimulated cells induced coagulation in vitro, via a tissue factor/factor VII–dependent pathway. The expression of E-selectin, ICAM-1, αvβ3, and PECAM-1 suggests that MPs have an adhesion potential in addition to their procoagulant activity. In patients, labeling with αvβ3 was selected to discriminate EMPs from those of other origins. We provide evidence that endothelial-derived MPs are detectable in normal human blood and are increased in patients with a coagulation abnormality characterized by the presence of lupus anticoagulant. Thus, MPs can be induced by TNF in vitro, and may participate in vivo in the dissemination of proadhesive and procoagulant activities in thrombotic disorders.
INVESTIGATION OF MOLYBDENUM IMPURITY DIFFUSION DURING HYDROGEN GAS PUFFING IN JIPP T-II PLASMA (1979)

dataset