gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of the Staudinger Reaction and Reveal of Key Factors Affecting the Efficacy of Automatic Synthesis of Phosphoryl Guanidinic Oligonucleotide Analogs (2019)

In this work, we introduce a novel nuanced analysis of the chemical transformations occurs during the automatic synthesis of phosphoryl guanidine oligonucleotides (PGOs). It was shown on model compounds that the stable form of phosphoryl guanidine afforded by the P(III) atom of the phosphite component oxidation by the corresponding organic azide is the positively charged triester phosphoryl guanidinium fragment. The idea that the presence of such kind of fragments in PGOs, obtained under automatic DNA synthesis conditions, may have an adverse effect on its backbone stability when at the postsynthetic stage PGOs on polymer treated with aqueous basic solutions has been proposed. To overcome this impediment, we suggest before the stage of the desired PGO final deblocking to treat the solid phase with a protected PGO chain fixed with a solution of a strong base in an anhydrous medium. In consequence of this treatment, the transformation of PGO triester form to diester takes place, imparting better stability to the modified chain under deblocking conditions and increasing the yield of the desired oligonucleotide derivatives.
Clinical, laboratory and therapeutic aspects of platelet‐type von Willebrand disease (2007)

Platelet-type von Willebrand disease (PT-VWD), or pseudo-VWD, is a rare inherited platelet disorder characterized by an increased affinity of the platelet membrane glycoprotein Ibalpha receptor for normal von Willebrand factor leading to characteristic platelet hyperaggregability. As PT-VWD shares most of the clinical and laboratory features of subtype 2B VWD, the differential diagnosis between these two inherited bleeding disorders requires either platelet-mixing or molecular genetic studies. In this review, the main clinical, laboratory and therapeutic characteristics of PT-VWD are concisely reported.
Device Independent Random Number Generation (2015)

Randomness is an invaluable resource in today's life with a broad use reaching from numerical simulations through randomized algorithms to cryptography. However, on the classical level no true randomness is available and even the use of simple quantum devices in a prepare-measure setting suffers from lack of stability and controllability. This gave rise to a group of quantum protocols that provide randomness certified by classical statistical tests -- Device Independent Quantum Random Number Generators. In this paper we review the most relevant results in this field, which allow the production of almost perfect randomness with help of quantum devices, supplemented with an arbitrary weak source of additional randomness. This is in fact the best one could hope for to achieve, as with no starting randomness (corresponding to no free will in a different concept) even a quantum world would have a fully deterministic description.
Biocompatible Coating of Encapsulated Cells Using Ionotropic Gelation (2013)

The technique of immunoisolated transplantation has seen in the last twenty years improvements in biocompatibility, long term stability and methods for avoidance of fibrosis in alginate capsules. However, two major problems are not yet solved: living cellular material that is not centered in the capsule is not properly protected from the hosts' immune system and the total transplant volume needs to be reduced. To solve these problems, we present a method for applying fully biocompatible alginate multilayers to a barium-alginate core without the use of polycations. We report on the factors that influence layer formation and stability and can therefore provide data for full adjustability of the additional layer. Although known for yeast and plant cells, this technique has not previously been demonstrated with mammalian cells or ultra-high viscous alginates. Viability of murine insulinoma cells was investigated by live-dead staining and live cell imaging, for murine Langerhans' islets viability and insulin secretion have been measured. No hampering effects of the second alginate layer were found. This multi-layer technique therefore has great potential for clinical and in vitro use and is likely to be central in alginate matrix based immunoisolated cell therapy.
Noncoherent sequence detection receiver for Bluetooth systems (2005)

The design of power efficient receivers for Bluetooth systems is a challenging task due to stringent complexity constraints. In this paper, we tackle this problem and present a receiver design consisting of a single filter and a subsequent noncoherent sequence detector. This receiver outperforms the conventional discriminator detector by more than 4 dB for typical Bluetooth channels. Thereby, the proposed noncoherent sequence detection (NSD) algorithm is both favorably low complex as it operates on a two-state trellis and highly robust against channel phase variations caused by low-cost local oscillators. The particular filter design accomplishes effective out-of-band interference suppression. Different from previous work on sequence detector receivers published in the literature, we take possible variations of the Bluetooth modulation parameters into account, and we also devise efficient methods for combined NSD and forward error correction decoding. Hence, the presented receiver design is an attractive solution for practical Bluetooth devices.
Towards a simple, saliva-based test for the detection of oral cancer. (2006)

medium to be explored for health and disease surveillance.'
A Federated Multi-cloud PaaS Infrastructure (2012)

Cloud platforms are increasingly being used for hosting a broad diversity of services from traditional e-commerce applications to interactive web-based Ides. How-ever, we observe that the proliferation of offers by cloud providers raises several challenges. Developers will not only have to deploy applications for a specific cloud, but will also have to consider migrating services from one cloud to another, and to manage distributed applications spanning multiple clouds. In this paper, we present our federated multi-cloud PaaS infrastructure for addressing these challenges. This infrastructure is based on three foundations: i) an open service model used to design and implement both our multi-cloud PaaSand the SaaS applications running on top of it, ii) a configurable architecture of the federated PaaS, and iii) some infrastructure services for managing both our multi-cloud PaaS and the SaaS applications. We then show how this multi-cloud PaaS can be deployed on top of thirteen existing IaaS/PaaS. We finally report on three distributed SaaS applications developed with and deployed on our federated multi-cloud PaaS infrastructure.
Intelligent Systems and Technologies in Rehabilitation Engineering (2000)

INTRODUCTION New Technologies in Rehabilitation: General Trends SENSORIAL PROSTHESES A Retinal Prosthesis to Benefit the Visually Impaired Intelligent Techniques in Hearing Rehabilitation LOCOMOTOR PROSTHESES Sensory Feedback for Lower Limb Prostheses Multifunction Control of Prostheses using the Myoelectric Signal Selective Activation of the Nervous System for Motor System Neural Prostheses Upper Limb Myoelectric Prostheses: Sensory Control System and Automatic Tuning of Parameters PACEMAKERS AND LIFE-SUSTAINING DEVICES Computer-Aided Support Technology for Artificial Heart Control: Diagnosis and Hemodynamic Measurements Diaphragm Pacing for Chronic Respiratory Insufficiency Intelligent Systems in Heart Pacemakers ROBOTIC SYSTEMS AND ADVANCED MECHANICS Service Robots for Rehabilitation and Assistance Computerized Obstacle Avoidance Systems for the Blind and Visually Impaired Advanced Design Concepts for a Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthosis Index of Acronyms and Abbreviations Index of Terms
Theoretical efficiency of solar thermoelectric energy generators (2011)

This paper investigates the theoretical efficiency of solar thermoelectric generators (STEGs). A model is established including thermal concentration in addition to optical concentration. Based on the model, the maximum efficiency of STEGs is a product of the opto-thermal efficiency and the device efficiency. The device efficiency increases but the opto-thermal efficiency decreases with increasing hot side temperature, leading to an optimal hot-side temperature that maximizes the STEG efficiency. For a given optical concentration ratio, this optimal hot-side temperature depends on the thermoelectric materials’ nondimensional figure-or-merit, the optical properties of wavelength-selective surface and the efficiency of the optical system. Operating in an evacuated environment, STEGs can have attractive efficiency with little or no optical concentration working in the low temperature range (150–250 °C) for which Bi2Te3-based materials are suitable.
Optical CDMA for a constellation of CubeSats (2018)

In this paper, an end-to-end optical CubeSat Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system architecture is developed. The signal processing components required for successful operation are defined. Performance analysis for the uncoded case for N CubeSats is derived. Software simulations are used to obtain the performance of N CubeSats using a coded optical CDMA multiple access scheme. Results from successful completion of this investigation might be used in the future for near-Earth and deep space optical communication scenarios that require science data from CubeSats to be transmitted to Earth. An M-ary Pulse Position modulation (PPM) format is considered. Low phase offset autocorrelation and cross correlation signature sequences are used for spreading. Tradeoffs between the weights, lengths, and maximum number of such sequences are assessed, and their performance with optical PPM modulation is accurately analyzed in the presence of multiuser interference. For a hard decision optical receiver with photon counting detectors, a low rate protograph code is proposed. The code is optimized using the reciprocal channel approximation, which is a one dimensional density evolution. Performance analysis is provided for uncoded and simulated coded optical CDMA under three background noise regimes and for up to N=15 CubeSats and signature sequences of weights 5 and 3. Our results show, for example, that in the case of 2-PPM and using weight 5 signature sequences for a single CubeSat, there is a 7 dB coding gain (with respect to the uncoded case) at a BER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> , whereas for 15 CubeSats there is a 12 to 15 dB coding gain at the same BER depending on the received background noise intensity. We have demonstrated that with the proposed coding scheme, the loss due to multiuser interference is less than 1 dB for 15 CubeSats. Leveraging existing laboratory hardware to test the deep-space optical CDMA concept, an experiment is performed. Four gain-switched lasers near 1550 nm are combined with a WDM multiplexer to generate 3 channels of CDMA signals plus a background noise channel. CDMA modulation signals are encoded across multiple lasers using a multi-channel logic analyzer. Light is attenuated to the single photon level and measured with a superconducting nanowire single photon detector with time-correlated single photon counting electronics.
Background Estimation and Adaptation Model with Light-Change Removal for Heavily Down-Sampled Video Surveillance Signals (2006)

This paper describes a background-subtraction system with light change-detection which works on a luminance QCIF-size video signal for surveillance applications. The new proposed pixel background model is controlled by a statistical threshold and is robust for cluttered background and small object motions. Moreover, (or light-change detection, we introduce temporal prediction of pixel values to estimate trends while quickly adapting to scene changes to facilitate a very sensitive detection of moving targets. Experiments show that a local contrast enhancement applied prior to down-sampling improves detection sensitivity, arid combined with the shifted sealed difference and me Wronskian determinant operators provides the best background/foreground detection.
AN EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF 4-DIMETHOXYPHOSPHONYL SUBSTITUTED PYRAZOLES AND PYRAZOLINE-5-ONES (1993)

Abstract 2-Dimethoxyphosphonyl-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds (1a-c) were used for the synthesis of 4-dimethoxyphosphonyl substituted pyrazoles (2a-e) and pyrazoline-5-ones (5a-c). Intermediate hydrazones (3b, c) were also isolated. 5a exists in the OH tautomeric form, whereas 5c—in the NH form. Tautomeric transition from the OH into the NH form was found for 5b at the melting point.
Metaknowledge in Higher Education: Self-Assessment Accuracy and its Association with Academic Achievement (2010)

An appreciation of the extent of one's own knowledge is known as metaknowledge and it has been argued that students' ability to distinguish between what they know, and what they do not, is an important influence on academic success. However, previous research suggests a general tendency for individuals to display overconfidence in their knowledge, by overestimating how much they know. This study assessed the ability of learners studying business in higher education to appreciate the extent of their own knowledge and investigated the association between this capability and academic achievement. It therefore contributes towards answering broader questions regarding how well individuals are able to assess their own capabilities and what the implications of this are. Quantitative methodology was employed and multiple-choice tests used to investigate how accurately students were able to assess the extent of their knowledge of issues addressed in their study programmes. Analysis of over 12,500 judgements provided by 508 respondents revealed a general tendency for overconfidence and indicated that this was greater for males, older participants and particularly, for Chinese students. Consequently, interventions designed to moderate overconfidence may be particularly valuable for these sub-groups. In terms of its potential implications for learning, the research indicated that better metaknowledge was positively associated with higher levels of academic performance, particularly for those in their first year studying at the university. Consequently, while metacognitive skills, such as accurate self-monitoring, are typically poorly addressed in business schools, the findings from this study suggest that initiatives to improve self monitoring accuracy may be effective in enhancing student learning. Additionally, such interventions have other potential benefits for learners, since metacognitive monitoring skills may also usefully inform lifestyle decisions, as well as improving the chances of success in business and may therefore be particularly beneficial for business students.
The Fourth Helical Secondary Structure of β‐Peptides: The (<i>P</i>)‐2<sub>8</sub>‐Helix of a β‐Hexapeptide Consisting of (2<i>R</i>,3<i>S</i>)‐3‐Amino‐2‐hydroxy Acid Residues (2003)

Small change with great effect! An oligomer of α-hydroxy-β-amino acids folds into a right-handed helical structure (see picture) in MeOH; in contrast, the methyl analogue has a pleated sheet structure. Including this new helix, four different helical secondary structures of β-peptides have been discovered—a structural diversity that should allow the generation of elaborate proteomimetics. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2003/z50290_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
SPOCC-194, a New High Functional Group Density PEG-Based Resin for Solid-Phase Organic Synthesis (2002)

A novel polymer matrix for solid-phase synthesis, SPOCC(194) resin (1), was designed featuring a backbone of homogeneous tetraethylene glycol (TEG(194)) macromonomer linked by quaternary carbon junctions and terminating in primary alcohol functionality. Beaded SPOCC(194) resin was effectively prepared by suspension polymerization of oxetanylated TEG macromonomer 5 in stirred silicon oil. Mechanically stable and inert to a diverse range of reaction conditions, SPOCC(194) possessed a high hydroxyl group loading (0.9-1.2 mmol/g) for substrate attachment and swelled effectively ( approximately 2-4 mL/g) in a variety of organic and aqueous solvents. Developed for solid-phase synthesis at high reactant concentrations for driving organic and aqueous reactions to completion, SPOCC(194) exhibited high functional group density (mmol/mL) similar to that of low-loaded aminomethylated polystyrene-divinylbenzene copolymer (PS-1%DVB) yet significantly higher than that of PEGA(1900), SPOCC(1500), and TentaGel S. High-resolution MAS NMR spectra of Fmoc-derivatized SPOCC(194) indicate that monitoring of functional group transformation is possible. Moreover, by employment of a nonaromatic resin-linker combination, electrophilic chemistry, such as Lewis acid catalyzed glycosylation and Friedel-Crafts acylation, was selectively performed on substrate bound to SPOCC(194) resin. Such properties make SPOCC(194) resin a promising new polymer matrix for the support-bound construction of small organic molecules by parallel and combinatorial synthesis and the scavenging of solution-phase reactants or byproducts.
<title>Computer Assisted Exposure In Scanned Film Radiography</title> (1982)

A scanning beam system with feedback equalization is described. This offers the reduction in scattered radiation with a pair of moving slits and the regional manipulation of incident x-ray exposure to compress large variations in trans-mitted film exposure to fit within the useful exposure range of radiographic film. When applied to chest radiography, this allows maximum soft tissue contrast in the retrodiaphragmatic, retro-cardiac, mediastinal and lung field regions. The scan time to expose a 14" x 17" chest film is 5 seconds with either a one-dimensional slit scan or a two-dimensional raster scan. By manipulation of the feedback scheme, considerable variation in low frequency contrast can be obtained.
Sound Generation in Subsonic Turbomachinery (1970)

Sources of noise in axial-flow machines are studied theoretically with the aid of a simplified two-dimensional model. The analysis leads to estimates of the discrete-frequency sound output from interacting blade rows, and provides a basis for subsequent study of broad-band sources.
High resolution Ka-band images of a small tree: measurements and models (2000)

Ka-band (27 GHz to 36 GHz) radar images of a 2.5-m red maple tree, measured in the Ohio State University ElectroScience Laboratory (ESL), Columbus, compact range, are presented. Radar images of the tree with and without leaves were obtained, as well as images of a 6 in diameter metal sphere obscured by the tree for investigation of attenuation effects. The large bandwidth (9 GHz) of these measurements provides a cm scale range resolution, so that backscatter from individual components of the tree canopy can be separated. In addition, measurements made as a function of azimuth angle in 0.1 degree steps allow inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) images to be obtained with cm scale resolutions in down and cross range. A single scattering model, in which tree branches are represented as a deterministic collection of cylinders and leaves as a distributed collection of curved dielectric sheets, is combined with a detailed measurement of the tree geometry to provide theoretical ISAR images for comparison with the measured data. Although incomplete knowledge of tree geometry limits a direct quantitative comparison of the measured and modeled returns, a qualitative comparison of images shows that single scattering models may be sufficient for obtaining many features of foliage objects in Ka-band radar images.
Feeding a sustainable chemical industry: do we have the bioproducts cart before the feedstocks horse? (2017)

A sustainable chemical industry cannot exist at scale without both sustainable feedstocks and feedstock supply chains to provide the raw materials. However, most current research focus is on producing the sustainable chemicals and materials. Little attention is given to how and by whom sustainable feedstocks will be supplied. In effect, we have put the bioproducts cart before the sustainable feedstocks horse. For example, bulky, unstable, non-commodity feedstocks such as crop residues probably cannot supply a large-scale sustainable industry. Likewise, those who manage land to produce feedstocks must benefit significantly from feedstock production, otherwise they will not participate in this industry and it will never grow. However, given real markets that properly reward farmers, demand for sustainable bioproducts and bioenergy can drive the adoption of more sustainable agricultural and forestry practices, providing many societal "win-win" opportunities. Three case studies are presented to show how this "win-win" process might unfold.
Linear theory of a field-emitter-array distributed amplifier (1990)

A small-signal theory of a field-emission-array distributed amplifier consisting of two microstriplike transmission lines is developed to calculate the premodulation in the input channel and the gain in the output channel. A first-order perturbation analysis is used to treat the beam-wave coupling in this device within the framework of a cold fluid model. The dependence of the linear gain on frequency, beam voltage, beam current, and the circuit parameters is derived to determine the parameter range for operation of the device. It is found that the height of the circuit is restricted to lie between 80 and 120 μm to maintain high electronic gain and low loss arising from the finite conductivity of the metal surfaces. In an output line having a substrate with a relative dielectric constant, εr=4, a net gain of 7 dB/cm is calculated with a beam voltage of 60 V and a beam current of 2.14 A/cm in each wedge of a seven-wedge emitter array. As the beam voltage is increased in the range 60–100 V, the net gain decreases from 7.0 to 3.0 dB/cm, while the frequency for maximum gain increases from 50 to 80 GHz with a corresponding increase in the bandwidth. The small-signal instantaneous bandwidth is in excess of 60%.
Neural mechanisms for learning of attention control and pattern categorization as basis for robot cognition (2002)

We present mechanisms for attention control and pattern categorization as the basis for robot cognition. For attention, we gather information from attentional feature maps extracted from sensory data constructing salience maps to decide where to foveate. For identification, multi-feature maps are used as input to an associative memory, allowing the system to classify a pattern representing a region of interest. As a practical result, our robotic platforms are able to select regions of interest and perform shifts of attention focusing on the selected regions, and to construct and maintain attentional maps of the environment in an efficient manner.