gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regio- and enantio-selective enolisations of cyclic ketones using chiral lithium amide bases (1995)

Enolisations of 3-methylcyclohexanone 16, and of a trans-fused perhydroisoquinolone derivative 8, using several chiral lithium amide bases have been examined. In reactions involving a single enantiomer of the ketone 8, the use of a chiral base can result in enhancement or reversal of the normal regioselectivity of enolisation to give the enol silane derivatives 9 and 10, depending on the configuration of the base used. Similar matched and mismatched results are observed when (R)-3-methylcyclohexanone, (R)-16, is treated with either enantiomer of the chiral base 3. A new type of kinetic resolution, termed regiodivergent resolution, is observed when enolisation of the racemic ketones 8 or 16 is carried out using the chiral base 3.
A unifying semantic model for accessing multiple heterogeneous databases in a manufacturing environment (2002)

Proliferation in database applications has resulted in the use of diverse types of database management systems (DBMS) even within a single organization. As usage has grown, the desire to link and integrate separate databases has resulted in substantial effort being directed towards the design of distributed database systems (DDS). One of the major challenges of integrating diverse databases is to hide the heterogeneity of the constituent databases from users. This paper describes the ongoing research in integrating databases at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in the Automated Manufacturing Research Facility.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterization and Classification of Internet Backbone Traffic (2010)

We contribute to an improved understanding of Internet traffic characteristics by measuring and analyzing modern Internet backbone data. We start the thesis with an overview of several important considerations for passive Internet traffic collection on large-scale network links. The lessons learned from a successful measurement project on academic Internet backbone links can serve as guidelines to others setting up and performing similar measurements. The data from these measurements are the basis for the analyses made in this thesis. As a first result we present a detailed characterization of packet headers, which reveals protocol-specific features and provides a systematic survey of packet header anomalies. The packet-level analysis is followed by a characterization on the flow-level, where packets are correlated according to their communication endpoints. We propose a method and accompanying metrics to assess routing symmetry on a flow-level based on passive measurements. This method will help to improve traffic analysis techniques. We used the method on our data, and the results suggest that routing symmetry is uncommon on non- edge Internet links. We then confirm the predominance of TCP as the transport protocol in backbone traffic. However, we observe an increase of UDP traffic during the last few years, which we attribute to P2P signaling traffic. We also analyze further flow characteristics such as connection establishment and termination behavior, which reveals differences among traffic from various classes of applications. These results show that there is a need to make a more detailed analysis, i.e., classification of traffic according to network application. To accomplish this, we review state-of-the-art traffic classification approaches and subsequently propose two new methods. The first method provides a payload-independent classification of aggregated traffic based on connection patterns. This provides a rough traffic decomposition in a privacy sensitive way. Second, we present a classification method for fine-grained protocol identification by utilizing statistical packet and flow features. Preliminary results indicate that this method is capable of accurate classification in a simple and efficient way. We conclude the thesis by discussing limitations in current Internet measurement research. Considering the role of the Internet as a critical infrastructure of global importance, a detailed understanding of Internet traffic is essential. This thesis presents methods and results contributing additional perspectives on global Internet characteristics at different levels of granularity.
Hydrogen Peroxide Produced by Mitochondrial Monoamine Oxidase Catalysis: Biological Implications (2014)

The biological roles of mitochondrial-produced reactive oxygen species continue to receive intensive investigation since one of the products (H₂O₂) has important cellular signaling roles as well as contributing to apoptotic responses. In general, the source of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species is thought to be the superoxide anion produced from Complex I and Complex III components of the electron transport chain. Superoxide anion readily dismutates to H₂O₂ with subsequent transformation to the hydroxyl radical by Fenton chemistry. An overlooked source of H₂O₂ in the mitochondrion is its production as a catalytic reaction product from the outer membrane enzymes: monoamine oxidases A and B. The literature is reviewed to document identified degenerative reactions attributed to H₂O₂ produced by MAO A and by MAO B catalysis. Available information on the topologies of these enzymes in the mitochondrial outer membrane is also discussed with relevance to H₂O₂ production and involvement in cell signaling functions as well as degenerative effects.
Fast local obstacle avoidance under kinematic and dynamic constraints for a mobile robot (2002)

This paper presents an efficient approach for reactive collision avoidance taking into account both vehicle dynamics and nonholonomic constraints of a mobile robot. Motion commands are generated by searching the space of actuating variables. Vehicle dynamics are considered by restricting the search space to values which are reachable within the next time step. The final selection among admissible configurations is done by an objective function which trades off speed, goal-directedness and remaining distance until an obstacle is hit when moving along the chosen path. The presented approach differs from previous ones in the selective use of precalculated lookup tables. These are the key to efficiency, and they especially allow the use of any-shaped robot contours. Furthermore, obstacle information from different sources can easily be considered without preprocessing. Extensive experiments on different robots have shown robust operation in dynamic and unprepared indoor environments with speed up to 1 m/s.
Diagnostic criteria for renovascular disease: where are we now? (2012)

Renovascular disease, especially atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) in older subjects, is commonly encountered in clinical practice. This is at least in part due to the major advances in non-invasive imaging techniques that allow greater diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy than ever before. Despite increased awareness of ARAS, renal revascularization is less commonly performed, likely as a result of several prospective, randomized, clinical trials which fail to demonstrate major benefits of renal revascularization beyond medical therapy alone. Primary care physicians are less likely to investigate renovascular disease and nephrologists likely see more patients after a period of unsuccessful medical therapy with more advanced ARAS. The goal of this review is to revisit current diagnostic and therapeutic paradigms in order to characterize more clearly which patients will likely benefit from further evaluation and intensive treatment of renal artery stenosis.
Fructose 6‐phosphate metabolism in plants (1987)

The kinetic and regulatory properties of the ATP‐dependent phosphofructokinase from various plant tissues are reviewed. Particular attention is given to the differences in properties between the plastid and cytosolic isozymes of this enzyme. A model for fructose 6‐phosphate utilization in plants is presented which incorporates a role for the pyrophosphate‐dependent phosphofructokinase.
Requirements for SIP-based Peer-to-Peer Internet Telephony (2005)

This document defines requirements for designing peer-to-peer voice,
text, and real-time multimedia communication system protocols.
<title>Integration of defocus and focus analysis with stereo for 3D shape recovery</title> (1997)

Image defocus analysis (IDA), image focus analysis (IFA), and stereo image analysis (SIA), are integrated for recovering the three-dimensional (3D) shape of objects. Integrating IDA, IFA, and SIA, has important advantages because IDA and IFA are less accurate than stereo but they do not suffer from the correspondence problem associated with stereo. Therefore, a rough 3D shape is first obtained using IDA and IFA without encountering the correspondence problem. The amount of computation and accuracy at this stage is optimized by using IDA first and then the IFA. Accuracy is further improved by projecting a high contrast pattern on to the object of interest. The rough shape thus obtained is used in a stereo matching algorithm to solve the correspondence problem efficiently. The amount of computation in matching is reduced since the search for correspondence is done in a narrow image region determined by the approximate shape. Also, the knowledge of approximate shape improves the matching accuracy by minimizing false matches due to occlusion. The method for integrating IDA, IFA, and SIA is presented in detail. The method has been implemented on a vision system named SVIS. Experimental results of the method are presented.
Handwritten Music Object Detection: Open Issues and Baseline Results (2018)

Optical Music Recognition (OMR) is the challenge of understanding the content of musical scores. Accurate detection of individual music objects is a critical step in processing musical documents because a failure at this stage corrupts any further processing. So far, all proposed methods were either limited to typeset music scores or were built to detect only a subset of the available classes of music symbols. In this work, we propose an end-to-end trainable object detector for music symbols that is capable of detecting almost the full vocabulary of modern music notation in handwritten music scores. By training deep convolutional neural networks on the recently released MUSCIMA++ dataset which has symbol-level annotations, we show that a machine learning approach can be used to accurately detect music objects with a mean average precision of over 80%.
A new adiabatic inversion pulse (1996)

Adiabatic pulses play an important role in magnetization inversion in the presence of RF field inhomogeneity. In this work the authors present an efficient adiabatic inversion pulse that is able to selectively invert magnetization over a large frequency bandwidth in a short time. The pulse is constructed in two steps: (i) the optimal trajectory is determined and (ii) the optimal rate of motion along that trajectory is determined. The resulting pulse enables separately controlling and trading off the pulse duration against the transition width. The superiority of this pulse over the well known sech/tanh adiabatic pulse is demonstrated in a scenario where a large bandwidth should be inverted at a short time using limited B1 amplitude.
Label-Free Fluorescent Copper Nanoclusters for Genotyping of Deletion and Duplication of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (2015)

Real applications in clinical diagnosis of label-free fluorescent copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) are demonstrated. Double-strand DNA (dsDNA) can act as an effective template for the formation of CuNCs, which can be used to distinguish the deletion or duplication genotypes of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) due to different fluorescent intensities. After PCR, the DMD amplicons reacted with copper ion by reduction of ascorbic acid and generated fluorescence. The exons of the DMD gene were taken as the model analytes for genetic diagnosis. In this sensing system, the deletion type does not show fluorescence; on the other hand, the duplication type emits higher fluorescence than normal type. Parameters of this sensing system were optimized, including PCR conditions, levels of copper ion and ascorbate, and reaction time. The DMD-dominated exons 45, 46, and 47 were detected, and the method was applied to six samples of DMD patients. The results were consistent with those of the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification method. This strategy was feasible to detect all exons of this disease.
Assessment of predictive control performance using fractal measures (2017)

This paper presents novel approach to the task of control performance assessment. Proposed approach does not require any a priori knowledge on process model and uses control error time series data using nonlinear dynamical fractal persistence measures. Notion of the rescaled range R/S plots with estimation of Hurst exponent is applied. Crossover phenomenon is observed in data being investigated and discussed. Paper starts with industrial engineering rationale. Review of the control error histogram is followed by statistical analysis of probabilistic distribution functions (PDFs). Lévy $$\alpha $$ -stable PDF parameters seem to be best fitted. They directly lead to the fractal analysis using Hurst exponents and R/S plot crossover points. The evaluation aims at performance of the generalized predictive control (GPC) and discusses freshly introduced loop performance quality sensitivity against design parameters of the GPC controller.
Parsing with restricted quantification: an initial demonstration (1987)

The primary goal of this paper is to illustrate how smaller deductive search spaces can be obtained by extending a logical language with restricted quantification and tailoring an inference system to this extension. The illustration examines the search spaces for a bottom-up parse of a sentence with a series of four strongly equivalent grammars. The grammars are stated in logical languages of increasing expressiveness, each restatement resulting in a more concise grammar and a smaller search space.



A secondary goal is to point out an area where further research could yield results useful to the design of efficient parsers, particularly for grammatical formalisms that rely heavily on feature systems.



Ľ objectif principal de cet article est de montrer comment on peut obtenir de plus petits espaces de recherche deductive en etendant un langage logique avec une quantification restreinte et en adaptant un systeme ? inference a cette extension. On examine les espaces de recherche crees par un analyse ascendante ? une phrase faite aľ aide de quatre grammaires fortement equivalentes. Chacune des grammaires est definie avec un langage logique plus expressif que celui de la grammaire preedente. Chaque redefinition permet ? obtenir une grammaire plus concise et un espace de recherche plus restreint.



Un des objectifs secondaires de cet article est de pointer les endroits ou des recherches permettraient ? obtenir des resultats utiles pour la conception ? analyseurs efficaces, plus particulierement pour des formalismes grammaticaux qui reposent principalement sur des systemes de traits.



Mots cles: analyse, quantification restreinte, logique avec especes, grammaires logiques, deduction automatique, traitement automatique du langage naturel, linguistique informatique, raisonnement automatise, strategic de recherche a implication minimale, systemes de traits, unification avec especes, report de contraintes.
Identification of the metalloregulatory element of the plasmid-encoded arsenical resistance operon (1990)

The regulatory region of the plasmid-encoded arsenical resistance (ars) operon was cloned as a 727-bp EcoRI-HindIII fragment. When cloned into a promoter probe vector this fragment conferred arsenite inducible tetracycline resistance in Escherichia coli, indicating that the fragment carried a regulatory gene, the arsR gene. A single region corresponding to -35 and -10 promoter recognition sites was identified. The transcriptional start site of the mRNA was determined by primer extension. The sequence has an open reading frame for a potential 13,179 Da polypeptide, termed the ArsR protein. The fragment was cloned into a temperature regulated expression vector. A protein with an apparent molecular mass of about 12 kDa was induced by either temperature or arsenite. This protein was purified and used to produce antibodies specific for the ArsR protein.
Clinical Outcomes after Modified Fasting Therapy Supplied with Gamrosu: A Retrospective Observational Study (2016)

Objectives: Two historical evidence supported the concept of Gamrosu. The first one was Jeho-tang, a selected thirst quencher in Chosun Dynasty and the second one was Saeng-Maek-san, Dongeuibogam's recommendation as one of the qi-vigorating summer beverages. Gamrosu is a modified fasting therapy beverage which is manufactured from those two prescriptions and the carbohydrates (420.6 kcal/d). A retrospective observational study was conducted to evaluate the clinical outcomes. Methods: Thirty-three cases were reviewed at three local Korean Medical clinics that each site's participant has finished the modified fasting for 10 consecutive days. Clinical outcomes were reviewed at pre-and post-fasting sessions by retrieving the changes of body composition, blood pressure, blood chemistries & urine tests, and subjective symptoms & fatigue scores. Results: Demographics of the observed participants were 17 of male and 16 of female. Post-Gamrosu session, -6.89% of body weight, -8.97% of body fat mass were reduced with the nutrition indices being improved (P0.001). -8.72% of systolic blood pressure, -39.86% of serum triglyceride, -6.75% of fast blood sugar and -8.12% of waist circumference were improved (P0.05). The levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (-58.34%), CRP (-43.55%) and eosinophil (-21.30%) showed the significant diminished profiles (P0.05). Liver/kidney functions and the standard of electrolytes were maintained within normal range in stable manners. The fatigue scale scores indicated significant lower scores. Conclusions: Taken together, obesity-related clinical outcomes after a modified fasting therapy with Gamrosu were sufficiently feasible and the observed findings should be considered for further prospective clinical studies.
Common and well‐documented <scp>HLA</scp> alleles: 2012 update to the <scp>CWD</scp> catalogue (2013)

We have updated the catalogue of common and well-documented (CWD) human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles to reflect current understanding of the prevalence of specific allele sequences. The original CWD catalogue designated 721 alleles at the HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DRB3/4/5, -DQA1, -DQB1, and -DPB1 loci in IMGT (IMmunoGeneTics)/HLA Database release 2.15.0 as being CWD. The updated CWD catalogue designates 1122 alleles at the HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DRB3/4/5, -DQA1, -DQB1, -DPA1 and -DPB1 loci as being CWD, and represents 14.3% of the HLA alleles in IMGT/HLA Database release 3.9.0. In particular, we identified 415 of these alleles as being 'common' (having known frequencies) and 707 as being 'well-documented' on the basis of ~140,000 sequence-based typing observations and available HLA haplotype data. Using these allele prevalence data, we have also assigned CWD status to specific G and P designations. We identified 147/151 G groups and 290/415 P groups as being CWD. The CWD catalogue will be updated on a regular basis moving forward, and will incorporate changes to the IMGT/HLA Database as well as empirical data from the histocompatibility and immunogenetics community. This version 2.0.0 of the CWD catalogue is available online at cwd.immunogenomics.org, and will be integrated into the Allele Frequencies Net Database, the IMGT/HLA Database and National Marrow Donor Program's bioinformatics web pages.
A quantitative microprobe analysis of elements in cortical and nuclear cells of the calf lens (1985)

The outer cortical cells in the calf lens remain transparent under conditions that produce opacity in central nuclear cells. The nuclear cells opacify by a mechanism of cellular restructuring that is associated with a cytoplasmic phase separation while cortical cells do not opacify by this mechanism. In this study the differences in elemental composition of nuclear and cortical cells were analyzed using X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) of tissue that was prepared for scanning electron microscopy. It was necessary to develop special methods of fixation and dehydration to prevent significant distortion of lens tissue and minimize solubilization and redistribution of elements during the histological processing of the tissue. We calibrated the microprobe for the quantitative analysis using gelatin standards which contained known concentrations of sulfur, potassium, phosphorus, chlorine, and cesium. The standard curves were used to determine proportionality constants, which related the intensity of X-ray emission to the molar concentration of each element, and to determine the minimum detectable levels of each element. An important finding is that the intensity of the X-ray emission is dependent on sample density only at low protein concentration. At the high protein concentrations that exist in lens, the intensity is not affected by sample density.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
High-speed forming of metal sheets by electromagnetic force. (1988)

A numerical method to simulate the high-speed free forming of a clamped circular disk in an electromagnetic forming system using a flat spiral coil is presented. The method combines field penetration into the disk and dynamic elasto-plastic deformation of the disk. The spiral coil is approximated by coaxial circular loops carrying the discharge current from a capacitor bank. The penetration of the magnetic field of the coil into the disk is formulated as a boundary-value problem for the diffusion equation. Magnetic field, eddy currents and electromagnetic force density in the disk are calculated. An equation of motion for the disk loaded by the magnetic force is combined with the field equation as well as an equivalent circuit equation. Plane stress condition is assumed. Strain-rate effect on the work-hardening law of the disk material is taken into account. An experiment on the free bulging of annealed aluminum disks is also presented, showing fairly good agreement with the numerical solution.
Novel hollow optical fibers and their applications in photonic devices for optical communications (2005)

Novel photonic devices based on a new type of waveguide, hollow optical fibers (HOF), are described. Utilizing unique three layered structure of HOF, the central air hole, germanosilicate ring core, and silica cladding along with its adiabatic mode transformation capability we demonstrated versatile applications in short-haul, long-haul optical communications, and tunable wavelength selective devices. Detailed design parameters, fabrication arts of the fibers, and operation principles of the devices are discussed.