gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mammary gland, limb and yolk sac defects in mice lacking<i>Tbx3</i>,the gene mutated in human ulnar mammary syndrome (2003)

Spontanteous mutations in the T-box gene TBX3, result in the human ulnar-mammary syndrome, a dominant developmental disorder characterized by abnormal forelimb and apocrine gland development. In order to develop a mouse model to study the role of this gene during development and disease, we produced a mutation in the mouse ortholog, Tbx3. The phenotype of the mutant mice verifies the role of this gene in limb and mammary gland development, and, in addition, reveals a previously unknown role for the gene in the yolk sac, a fetal membrane that is the site of hematopoiesis and is essential for survival during gestation. In homozygous mutant embryos, the yolk sac undergoes cell death and degeneration at midgestation and the fetuses die over a range of several days; none survive to birth. Tbx3 is the first T-box gene implicated in yolk sac development. Homozygous embryos show a deficiency of mammary gland induction, and exhibit both forelimb and hindlimb abnormalities. Although heterozygous mice, unlike their heterozygous human counterparts, have no apparent phenotype in limb or mammary gland, the homozygous defects in the development of these organs represent more severe manifestations of the defects characteristic of the ulnar-mammary syndrome.
Editor’s Page: Topical Issue On Laser Speckle (1976)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Nicholas George and Douglas C. Sinclair, "Editor's Page: Topical Issue On Laser Speckle," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 66, 1316-1316 (1976) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Regional deposition of inhaled 11C-nicotine vapor in the human airway as visualized by positron emission tomography* (1995)

The deposition of 11C-nicotine in the respiratory tract from a nicotine vapor inhaler was studied by means of positron emission tomography (PET) in an intrasubject comparison of six healthy smokers using two modes of inhalation: one with shallow, frequent inhalations ("buccal mode") and one with deep inhalations ("pulmonary mode"). An average of 15% of the radioactivity was released from the vapor inhaler after 5 minutes of inhalation. Approximately 45% of the dose released was found in the oral cavity. A significant amount of radioactivity, 10%, was observed in the esophagus, suggesting transfer of a major fraction of the dose to the stomach. Only a minor fraction, 5%, was found in the lungs, followed by 2% in the bronchi and 1% in the trachea. The deposition in the oral cavity closely followed a linear pattern during the 5 minutes of inhalation and was followed by a rapid elimination from the oral cavity, with an average half-life of 18 minutes. Only 8% of the dose released remained in the oral cavity 45 minutes after the end of inhalation. On the other hand, the dose fraction of about 14% distributed into the body tissue compartment at the end of inhalation had risen to 60% at that late time point. No statistically or clinically important differences were observed between the buccal and the pulmonary mode of inhalation in either deposition pattern or elimination rates.
Damage analysis and fundamental studies. Quarterly progress report, October-December 1979 (1980)

Progress on each of the following topics is outlined: (1) rotating target neutron source, (2) fusion materials irradiation test facility, (3) environmental characterization, (4) damage production, and (5) damage microstructure evolution and mechanical behavior. (MOW)
Butadiene–styrene copolymerization initiated by <i>n</i>‐BuLi/THF/<i>t</i>‐AmOK (1992)

Abstract In this article, the anionic copolymerization of butadiene and styrene initiated by n ‐BuLi/THF/ t ‐AmOK in cyclohexane at 50°C has been studied in detail. The various ratios of the modifier (THF and t ‐AmOK) to the initiator ( n ‐BuLi) influence the copolymerization rate and composition of copolymers. It has been shown that this polymerization system is a complex one in which there exist multiple active species. By adjusting the ratio of K to Li and the ratio of THF to Li, copolymers with compositions almost identical to the ratio of initial monomers at different stages of conversion have been obtained. The propagating regularity of various active species has been discussed qualitatively.
Fabrication of 8 turn multi-track thin film heads (1979)

To obtain high bit and high track densities, fabrication of thin film magnetic recording heads has been studied by a number of companies.) This paper describes a newly developed method for fabricating layered type, multi-turn, multi-track thin film inductive heads with a central tap by using photolithographic and thin film deposition techniques.
Cortagine, a CRF <sub>1</sub> agonist, induces stresslike alterations of colonic function and visceral hypersensitivity in rodents primarily through peripheral pathways (2009)

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) 1 receptor (CRF(1)) activation in the brain is a core pathway orchestrating the stress response. Anatomical data also support the existence of CRF signaling components within the colon. We investigated the colonic response to intraperitoneal (ip) injection of cortagine, a newly developed selective CRF(1) peptide agonist. Colonic motor function and visceral motor response (VMR) were monitored by using a modified miniaturized pressure transducer catheter in adult conscious male Sprague-Dawley rats and C57Bl/6 mice. Colonic permeability was monitored by the Evans blue method and myenteric neurons activation by Fos immunohistochemistry. Compared with vehicle, cortagine (10 microg/kg ip) significantly decreased the distal colonic transit time by 45% without affecting gastric transit, increased distal and transverse colonic contractility by 35.6 and 66.2%, respectively, and induced a 7.1-fold increase in defecation and watery diarrhea in 50% of rats during the first hour postinjection whereas intracerebroventricular (icv) cortagine (3 microg/rat) had lesser effects. Intraperitoneal (ip) cortagine also increased colonic permeability, activated proximal and distal colonic myenteric neurons, and induced visceral hypersensitivity to a second set of phasic colorectal distention (CRD). The CRF antagonist astressin (10 mug/kg ip) abolished ip cortagine-induced hyperalgesia whereas injected icv it had no effect. In mice, cortagine (30 microg/kg ip) stimulated defecation by 7.8-fold, induced 60% incidence of diarrhea, and increased VMR to CRD. Stresslike colonic alterations induced by ip cortagine in rats and mice through restricted activation of peripheral CRF(1) receptors support a role for peripheral CRF(1) signaling as the local arm of the colonic response to stress.
Scalable Video Streaming for Single‐Hop Wireless Networks Using a Contention‐Based Access MAC Protocol (2008)

Limited bandwidth and high packet loss rate pose a serious challenge for video streaming applications over wireless networks. Even when packet loss is not present, the bandwidth fluctuation, as a result of an arbitrary number of active flows in an IEEE 802.11 network, can significantly degrade the video quality. This paper aims to enhance the quality of video streaming applications in wireless home networks via a joint optimization of video layer‐allocation technique, admission control algorithm, and medium access control (MAC) protocol. Using an Aloha‐like MAC protocol, we propose a novel admission control framework, which can be viewed as an optimization problem that maximizes the average quality of admitted videos, given a specified minimum video quality for each flow. We present some hardness results for the optimization problem under various conditions and propose some heuristic algorithms for finding a good solution. In particular, we show that a simple greedy layer‐allocation algorithm can perform reasonably well, although it is typically not optimal. Consequently, we present a more expensive heuristic algorithm that guarantees to approximate the optimal solution within a constant factor. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed framework can improve the video quality up to 26% as compared to those of the existing approaches.
ChemInform Abstract: H2 Cleaning of Silicon Wafers Before Low‐Temperature Epitaxial Growth by Ultrahigh Vacuum/Chemical Vapor Deposition. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Phase-locked moiré fringe analysis for automated contouring of diffuse surfaces (1979)

Phase-locked moiré systems have the advantage of rapid data acquisition and accuracy of better than one twentieth of the fringe spacing. In conventional moire systems data acquisition is performed by making a photographic plate and taking measurements from the plate either visually or with a microdensitometer. This is slow, and the accuracy is about one-quarter of the fringe spacing. The phase-locked system is more accurate and permits a more favorable trade-off between accuracy and working depth. The equations governing moire contouring are examined, and the theory of phase-locked moire fringe analysis is presented. The design and operation of the phase-locked moire contouring system are described, and the results of measurements made with the instrument are presented.
Prognosis and Determinants of Survival in Patients Newly Hospitalized for Heart Failure (2002)

The prognosis of unselected community-dwelling patients with heart failure remains poor, despite advances in treatment, with substantial variation seen across different subgroups. Although age, sex, and comorbidities were confirmed to be independent prognostic indicators of heart failure, their complex interaction with survival should be considered in future studies.
Contribution of human skin topography to the characterization of dynamic skin tension during senescence: morpho-mechanical approach (2014)

The structuring of the dermis with a network of collagen and elastic fibres gives a three-dimensional structure to the skin network with directions perpendicular and parallel to the skin surface. This three-dimensional morphology prints on the surface of the stratum corneum a three dimensional network of lines which express the mechanical tension of the skin at rest. To evaluate the changes of skin morphology, we used a three-dimensional confocal microscopy and characterization of skin imaging of volar forearm microrelief. We have accurately characterize the role of skin line network during chronological aging with the identification of depth scales on the network of lines (z ≤ 60μm) and the network of lines covering Langer's lines (z > 60 microns). During aging has been highlighted lower rows for elastic fibres, the decrease weakened the tension and results in enlargement of the plates of the microrelief, which gives us a geometric pertinent indicator to quantify the loss of skin tension and assess the stage of aging. The study of 120 Caucasian women shows that ageing in the volar forearm zone results in changes in the morphology of the line network organisation. The decrease in secondary lines (z ≤ 60 μm) is counterbalanced by an increase in the depth of the primary lines (z > 60 μm) and an accentuation of the anisotropy index.
Engineering Study of the Cook Ranch Field, Shackelford County, Texas (1952)

Abstract The Cook Ranch Field produces from a very permeable lens of Cook Sand of lower Permian or upper Pennsylvanian age, occurring at an average depth of 1,300'Ft. The field was discovered in 1926, and has been operated with low pressure gas injection since July, 1927, one of the first such projects in Texas. Cumulative recovery to Dec. 31, 1950, was 14,701,131 bbl of crude oil, an average of 1,013 bbl per acre-ft of oil section, and 72.5 per cent of the oil originally in place. Analysis of the reservoir performance indicates that gravity drainage has been an important factor in the producing mechanism. The high permeability and uniformity of the reservoir were extremely favorable for this type of operation. Introduction The Cook Ranch Field is the largest of a number of relatively small, shallow producing areas near Albany, in Shackelford County, Texas. This field is one of the first to be operated by gas injection in Texas, and probably is the most successful low pressure gas injection project ever attempted. The field is owned entirely by Roeser and Pendleton, Inc., and Continental Oil Co., aud has been operated by Roeser and Pendleton, Inc., since it was discovered. This study has been made possible through the cooperation of Roeser and Pendleton, Inc., in making available a remarkably complete set of records covering all phases of their operations. The purpose of this paper is to present a summary of the history of the operations through Dec. 31, 1950, and to analyze some of the factors which appear to be responsible for the success of the project. Information concerning the physical plant and the early gas injection history has been presented in an earlier paper.
<title>Interferometric metrology of conformal domes</title> (1999)

Conformal domes, designed with a high aspect ratio for aerodynamic purposes, present design, fabrication, and test difficulties to the optical engineer. Traditional domes have been spherical to facilitate fabrication and testing of the domes and the design of imaging optics.
Compartmental Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Drug Distribution of the Pradimicin Derivative BMS 181184 in Rabbits (1998)

The pharmacokinetics of the antifungal pradimicin derivative BMS 181184 in plasma of normal, catheterized rabbits were characterized after single and multiple daily intravenous administrations of dosages of 10, 25, 50, or 150 mg/kg of body weight, and drug levels in tissues were assessed after multiple dosing. Concentrations of BMS 181184 were determined by a validated high-performance liquid chromatography method, and plasma data were modeled into a two-compartment open model. Across the investigated dosage range, BMS 181184 demonstrated nonlinear, dose-dependent kinetics with enhanced clearance, reciprocal shortening of elimination half-life, and an apparently expanding volume of distribution with increasing dosage. After single-dose administration, the mean peak plasma BMS 181184 concentration (Cmax) ranged from 120 microg/ml at 10 mg/kg to 648 microg/ml at 150 mg/kg; the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC0-24) ranged from 726 to 2,130 microg . h/ml, the volume of distribution ranged from 0.397 to 0.799 liter/kg, and the terminal half-life ranged from 4.99 to 2.31 h, respectively (P < 0.005 to P < 0.001). No drug accumulation in plasma occurred after multiple daily dosing at 10, 25, or 50 mg/kg over 15 days, although mean elimination half-lives were slightly longer. Multiple daily dosing at 150 mg/kg was associated with enhanced total clearance and a significant decrease in AUC0-24 below the values obtained at 50 mg/kg (P < 0.01) and after single-dose administration of the same dosage (P < 0.05). Assessment of tissue BMS 181184 concentrations after multiple dosing over 16 days revealed substantial uptake in the lungs, liver, and spleen and, most notably, dose-dependent accumulation of the drug within the kidneys. These findings are indicative of dose- and time-dependent elimination of BMS 181184 from plasma and renal accumulation of the compound after multiple dosing.
A flotation method for growing large single crystals (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA flotation method for growing large single crystalsAndrew J. Fischinger Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1969, 46, 8, 486Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1969Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 August 1969Published inissue 1 August 1969https://doi.org/10.1021/ed046p486RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views256Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (545 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Effect of the Removal of Sensitive Proteins and Proanthocyanidins on the Colloidal Stability of Lager Beer (1992)

AbstractNine different trial beers were produced on a pilot scale from a common feedstock by using, either singly or in combination, three dosage rates (0, 15, and 30 g/hl) of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) and three dosage rates (0, 100, and 200 g/hl) of silica hydrogel (SHG). The colloidal stabilities of the beers were assessed by three forcing tests and by storage under simulated trade conditions. Colloidal stability varied widely but was greatest for beers dosed at the higher dosage rates with both SHG and PVPP. The data obtained were used to construct a model for predicting economical dosage rates compatible with a given stability specification. Suitable stabilization regimes included dosage with PVPP at 25 g/hl, dosage with SHG at 125 g/hl, or combined dosage with PVPP and SHG at 15 and 50 g/h1, respectively. Treatments with SHG diminished the contents of sensitive proteins in beers, whereas PVPP treatments decreased the polyphenol content. Dimeric proanthocyanidins were measured by direct-injection high-performance liquid chromatography, using an electrochemical detector. Other assays for polyphenols included less specific colorimetric and turbidometric methods. A close relationship was found between the rates of chill haze development in the nine beers and the products of their assay values for sensitive proteins and dimeric proanthocyanidins.KeywordsHaze stabilizationPolyphenolsPolyvinylpolypyrrolidoneProanthocyanidinsSensitive proteinsSilica hydrogel
Filter technologies for converged RF-frontend architectures: SAW, BAW and beyond (2010)

Multi-band/multi-system mobile phones require a complex RF-frontend architecture. Complexity has increased to a point where adding switches and whole signal branches for an additional band is no longer cost effective. Alternative concepts involve `converged' power amplifiers and switching concepts supporting those. Filters and duplexers play a key role in converged architectures and their requirements will be reviewed. Challenges that arise from combining filter functions for different wireless standards will be pointed out. Existing RF-filter technologies are based on high-Q acoustic resonators realized either in surface acoustic wave (SAW) or bulk-acoustic-wave (BAW) technology and do not allow changing the frequency characteristics on the fly. Concepts for tunable RF-filters - pursuing the `holy grail' - will be discussed and an overview on the status of this matter will be presented.
Asymmetric synthesis and its applications: towards the synthesis of bryostatin 1 (1988)

Abstract
Reaction Pathways in the Selective Catalytic Reduction Process with NO and NO<sub>2</sub> at Low Temperatures (2000)

The low-temperature behavior of the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) process with feed gases containing both NO and NO<sub>2</sub> was investigated. The two main reactions are 4NH<sub>3</sub> + 2NO + 2NO<sub>2</sub> → 4N<sub>2</sub> + 6H<sub>2</sub>O and 2NH<sub>3</sub> + 2NO<sub>2</sub> → NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> + N<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O. The "fast SCR reaction" exhibits a reaction rate at least 10 times higher than that of the well-known standard SCR reaction with pure NO and dominates at temperatures above 200 °C. At lower temperatures, the "ammonium nitrate route" becomes increasingly important. Under extreme conditions, e.g., a powder catalyst at T ≈ 140 °C, the ammonium nitrate route may be responsible for the whole NO<sub>x</sub> conversion observed. This reaction leads to the formation of ammonium nitrate within the pores of the catalyst and a temporary deactivation. For a typical monolithic sample, the lower threshold temperature at which no degradation of catalyst activity with time is observed is around 180 °C. The ammonium nitrate route is interesting from a standpoint of general DeNO<sub>x</sub> mechanisms: This reaction combines the features typical to the SCR catalyst with the features of the NO<sub>x</sub> storage-reduction catalyst, i.e., NO<sub>x</sub> adsorption to a basic site.
Decision Diagram Relaxations for Integer Programming (2018)

Mixed-integer programming (MIP) is often a practitioner’s primary approach when tackling hard discrete optimization problems. This important role was enabled by decades of theory and practical experience poured into modern MIP solvers. However, many problems are still challenging for MIP solvers, which motivates the need for novel perspectives to enhance MIP technology. In this dissertation, we explore the use of relaxed decision diagrams to improve MIP solvers. Relaxed decision diagrams are graph structures that encode relaxations of discrete optimization problems. One of their many uses in optimization is to generate bounds on the optimal value, which are strong in practice in the presence of certain types of structure. However, exporting decision diagram techniques to integer programming can be challenging due to the lack of clear structure to exploit. A first step is to develop methods to construct good relaxed decision diagrams from integer programming models. We propose a framework that focuses on a substructure of the problem and incorporates remaining constraints via Lagrangian relaxation and constraint propagation. In particular, we explore the use of a prevalent substructure in MIP solvers known as the conflict graph. Computational experiments indicate that they yield strong bounds under this framework. Once we understand how to build good relaxed decision diagrams, the next question is how to apply them in the context of a MIP solver. A MIP solver has several components, which include presolve, cutting planes, primal heuristics, and branch-and-bound. We show how relaxed decision diagrams can aid each of these components throughout the subsequent chapters. In particular, we view decision diagrams from a polyhedral perspective in order to generate cutting planes. Through a connection between decision diagrams and polarity, we develop an algorithm that generates cuts that are facet-defining for the convex hull of a decision diagram relaxation. We provide computational evidence that this algorithm generates strong cuts for structured problems. Finally, we investigate a broader integration of decision diagrams into MIP solvers. First, we show how relaxed decision diagrams can be used for bound and coefficient strengthening in the presolve step of a MIP solver. Second, we investigate the effect of applying cuts from decision diagrams throughout a branch-and-bound tree. Third, we generate both primal and dual bounds from decision diagrams to improve pruning within a branch-and-bound tree, which can result in significant improvements in solving time.