gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial activities of a few prepared derivatives of oleanolic acid and of other natural triterpenic compounds (2003)

Oxidizing, phosphorus, ester and amide derivatives of oleanolic acid 1 have been prepared. The antibacterial activity of compound 1 , isolated from the fruit barks of Periploca laevigata (Asclepiadaceae), and its derivatives have been tested using Tween-80 as complex agent to form a water-soluble triterpenes. The same activity of maslinic acid acetate 2 , β-amyrin 3 , and its acetylated derivative 3a (Fig. 1), isolated from the same source as that of oleanolic acid 1 , have also been investigated.
NO<sub>2</sub> Sensors: Optically Sintered 2D RuO<sub>2</sub> Nanosheets: Temperature‐Controlled NO<sub>2</sub> Reaction (Adv. Funct. Mater. 13/2017) (2017)

A NO2 sensor based on optically sintered 2D Ru oxide nanosheets applied to a flexible heating substrate composed of a colorless polyimide film with embedded Ag nanowires is described by Hee Jung Park, Il-Doo Kim, and co-workers in article number 1606026. A sensitivity of 1.124% at 20 ppm and a wearable wireless sensor is demonstrated.
Chemokine Ligand 5 (CCL5) and chemokine receptor (CCR5) genetic variants and prostate cancer risk among men of African Descent:a case-control study (2012)

In summary, CCL5 (rs2107538, rs3817655) and CCR5 (rs1799988) sequence variants significantly modified PCA susceptibility among men of African descent, even after adjusting for age and multiple comparisons. Our findings are only suggestive and require further evaluation and validation in relation to prostate cancer risk and ultimately disease progression, biochemical/disease recurrence and mortality in larger high-risk subgroups. Such efforts will help to identify genetic markers capable of explaining disproportionately high prostate cancer incidence, mortality, and morbidity rates among men of African descent.
A Multiagent System for Dynamic Data Aggregation in Medical Research (2016)

The collection of medical data for research purposes is a challenging and long-lasting process. In an effort to accelerate and facilitate this process we propose a new framework for dynamic aggregation of medical data from distributed sources. We use agent-based coordination between medical and research institutions. Our system employs principles of peer-to-peer network organization and coordination models to search over already constructed distributed databases and to identify the potential contributors when a new database has to be built. Our framework takes into account both the requirements of a research study and current data availability. This leads to better definition of database characteristics such as schema, content, and privacy parameters. We show that this approach enables a more efficient way to collect data for medical research.
Chiral Helicenoid Diarylethene with Highly Diastereoselective Photocyclization<sup>1</sup> (2007)

A novel photochromic helicenoid diarylethene (R)-1-[1-(1-methoxymethoxyethyl)-2-naphtho[2,1-b]thienyl]-2-(2,4,5-trimethyl-3-thienyl)hexafluorocyclopentene was synthesized enantioselectively. It showed highly diastereoselective photocyclization (90% de) and a large change (950 degrees) in the specific optical rotation value at 633 nm upon UV light irradiation in ethyl acetate.
Adrenomedullin regulates blood–brain barrier functions in vitro (2001)

Adrenomedullin (AM) is an important vasodilator in cerebral circulation, and cerebral endothelial cells are a major source of AM. This in vitro study aimed to determine the AM-induced changes in blood-brain barrier (BBB) functions. AM administration increased, whereas AM antisense oligonucleotide treatment decreased transendothelial electrical resistance. AM incubation decreased BBB permeability for sodium fluorescein (mol. wt 376 Da) but not for Evan's blue albumin (mol. wt 67 kDa), and it also attenuated fluid-phase endocytosis. AM treatment resulted in functional activation of P-glycoprotein efflux pump in vitro. Our results indicate that AM as an autocrine mediator plays an important role in the regulation of BBB properties of the cerebral endothelial cells.
Actin-based motility of pathogens: the Arp2/3 complex is a central player. Microreview (2000)

Bacterial actin-based motility has provided cell biologists with tools that led to the recent discovery that, in many forms of actin-based motilities, a key player is a protein complex named the Arp2/3 complex. The Arp2/3 complex is evolutionally conserved and made up of seven polypeptides involved in both actin filament nucleation and organization. Interestingly, this complex is inactive by itself and recent work has highlighted the fact that its activation is achieved differently in the different types of actin-based motilities, including the well-known examples of Listeria and Shigella motilities. Proteins of the WASP family and small G-proteins are involved in most cases. It is interesting that bacteria bypass or mimic some of the events occurring in eukaryotic systems. The Shigella protein IcsA recruits N-WASP and activates it in a Cdc42-like fashion. This activation leads to Arp2/3 complex recruitment, activation of the complex and ultimately actin polymerization and movement. The Listeria ActA protein activates Arp2/3 directly and, thus, seems to mimic proteins of the WASP family. A breakthrough in the field is the recent reconstitution of the actin-based motilities of Listeria and N-WASP-coated E. coli (IcsA) using a restricted number of purified cellular proteins including F-actin, the Arp2/3 complex, actin depolymerizing factor (ADF or cofilin) and capping protein. The movement was more effective upon addition of profilin, alpha-actinin and VASP (for Listeria). Bacterial actin-based motility is now one of the best-documented examples of the exploitation of mammalian cell machineries by bacterial pathogens.
Hepatocyte growth factor promotes remodeling of murine liver fibrosis, accelerating recruitment of bone marrow‐derived cells into the liver (2007)

Transplanted BMC participate in the HGF-induced remodeling process of liver fibrosis. The roles of HGF in this process include the recruitment of BMC, possibly through increased expression of SDF-1 in part, as well as anti-apoptotic, mitogenic and antifibrotic activities on liver cells.
The Formation of Pigment and Arylamine by Yeasts (1952)

Summary: The growth of several adenine-independent strains of yeasts in defined media containing suboptimal concentrations of biotin and relatively high concentrations of methionine is associated with the formation of a pink pigment in the cells and of an arylamine in the culture fluid. Under similar conditions, pigment and arylamine are not produced by an adenine-requiring strain of Schizosaccharomyces octosporus. Culture filtrates containing arylamine promote the growth of Sch. octosporus in adenine-free medium, but an adenine-requiring lactobacillus responds only after a considerable lag. The results are interpreted to mean that the arylamine is, or is derived from, a precursor of adenine, whose conversion to adenine is impaired by deficiency of biotin.
PRODUCTION AND ANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS OF scFv ANTIBODY FRAGMENTS (2001)

Polyclonal and monoclonal antibody molecules have had a significant impact in analytical detection systems throughout the last few decades. Recently, the emergence of recombinant antibody technology is also playing a part in diagnostic applications. Recombinant antibody display technology is being exploited to produce antigen binding fragment's (Fab) of an antibody and single chain Fv (scFv) antibodies. These recombinant molecules can be as sensitive and specific as their parent molecules, and can often be produced relatively easy and cheaply. This manuscript will focus on antibody phage display technology, and other novel expression systems for the production of recombinant antibodies. It will also critically examine their applications in different assay formats, residue analysis, and, more recently, their role in proteomics.
Antitumor Activity of Doxorubicin-Monoclonal Antibody Conjugate on Human Bladder Cancer (1988)

Doxorubicin (adriamycin) was conjugated via the dextran bridge method to a murine IgG3 monoclonal antibody, 1G3.10, directed against human bladder cancer. The drug-antibody conjugate, prepared from using 25% oxidized dextran as the linker, retained essentially the original immunological activity of the antibody using ELISA as tested against an antigen-positive target cell line (TSGH-8301), which has been shown to express an antigen recognized by the monoclonal antibody 1G3.10. Antitumor effect of the conjugate in vitro was evaluated by its inhibition on 3H-uridine incorporation into the established human bladder cancer cells. The conjugate exhibited a significantly higher cytotoxicity on target TSGH-8301 cells than that by a control antibody-doxorubicin conjugate prepared identically from an irrelevant mouse IgG3 monoclonal antibody. No apparently different cytotoxicity was detected on control antigen-negative bladder tumor cells of J82 between these two drug-antibody conjugates. Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, enhanced the in vitro cytotoxicity of doxorubicin-1G3.10 monoclonal antibody conjugate. Results obtained from in vivo evaluation using xenografted target TSGH-8301 bladder tumor indicated that the 1G3.10 monoclonal antibody conjugate containing doxorubicin injected 4X, i.p., significantly inhibited TSGH-8301 bladder tumor growth in nude mice, whereas free monoclonal antibody, free drug and the mixture of both showed only moderate inhibition of tumor growth as compared to the untreated control. Verapamil also enhanced in vivo antitumor activity of the conjugate. There was no side effect (weight loss) detected on the conjugate-treated mice. Results obtained from in vivo evaluation using xenografted control J82 bladder tumor showed no specific antitumor activity as exhibited by doxorubicin-1G3.10 monoclonal antibody conjugate in comparison with free drug, mixture of drug and antibody without conjugation, or doxorubicin conjugated to the irrelevant antibody. These results suggested that doxorubicin conjugated with bladder tumor associated monoclonal antibody could be useful as a potentially cytotoxic agent in immunochemotherapy of human bladder cancer.
Harmonic filter design using actual recorded data (1993)

This work presents a study of a harmonic filter design that minimizes harmonic distortion caused by harmonic sources such as drives. Several types of shunt harmonic filters are presented. The analysis includes the basic principles, the application of the Z-bus method and the economic aspects affecting the harmonic filter design. Offline steady state simulation programs, namely, V-HARM and HARMFLO, are used to model loads, to study variation of the harmonics, and to evaluate the effect of harmonic filters at various buses in the system. Several existing utility systems are used as test cases to check the performance of the filter. The major objectives in this study are (i) to improve the power factor, (ii) to reduce current and voltage distortion to standard limits, and (iii) to reduce resonance problems at other buses, if any. The transient analysis of harmonic filters using the Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP), which is essential to determine proper ratings of the filter components, is also reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Heat Stability of Lyophilized C1 Inactivator Concentrates<sup>1</sup> (1987)

Heat stability of lyophilized C1 inactivator (C1-INA) concentrates of intermediate and high purity has been investigated under several heat treatment protocols that include heating for 96 and 192 h at 68 degrees C and for 10 h at 80, 90 and 100 degrees C. Both types of concentrate showed high stability in functional activity, with not more than 5% loss in any of the time-temperature combinations evaluated. However, the C1-INA antigen from both concentrates showed small but progressive changes in crossed immunoelectrophoretic pattern, in proportion to the intensity of heat treatment. High-pressure size-exclusion chromatography revealed only minimal signs of aggregation in the high-purity concentrate, but a significant and progressive aggregation of nonspecific protein contaminants present in the intermediate-purity concentrate, making the high-purity concentrate preferable for heat treatment.
Blood volume redistribution from a passive elastic permeable microcirculation due to hypovolemia (1994)

We measured the variations in blood and plasma density for a cyclic hemorrhage protocol in conscious rabbits to calculate delta Vf [the volume of fluid restituted into the circulation from the time the blood volume was at its control to that after the hemorrhage of a blood volume (delta V)] and delta Vs (the volume shift from micro- to macrocirculation over the same time interval). We found that delta Vf is 7% of delta V and delta Vs 60% of delta V. They combine to reduce the effect of hemorrhage on macrovascular volume by 67% of delta V. Based on a two-resistor circulation model, the change in microcirculatory pressure (delta Pmic) from control to hemorrhage was estimated from the measured cardiac outputs and arterial and venous pressures. The computations indicate that delta Vs (or delta Vf) is linearly related to delta Pmic. With one relation fitting all data of rabbits that were conscious, infused with hexamethonium, and anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium, we concluded that the two short-term volume redistributions are not direct neural control or local regulation, but the response of a passive, permeable microcirculation to delta Pmic. From the linear relations, we obtained 0.88 ml.mmHg-1.kg-1 as the compliance of the rabbit microcirculation and 0.21 ml.min-1.mmHg-1.kg-1 as its filtration coefficient.
Binding Studies and Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship of 3‐Amino‐1<i>H</i>‐Indazoles as Inhibitors of GSK3β (2011)

Docking of 3-amino-1H-indazoles complexed with glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) was performed to gain insight into the structural requirements and preferred conformations of these inhibitors. The study was conducted on a selected set of 57 compounds with variation in structure and activity. We found that the most active compounds established three hydrogen bonds with the residues of the hinge region of GSK3β, but some of the less active compounds have other binding modes. In addition, models able to predict GSK3β inhibitory activities (IC(50) ) of the studied compounds were obtained by 3D-QSAR methods CoMFA and CoMSIA. Ligand-based and receptor-guided alignment methods were utilized. Adequate R(2) and Q(2) values were obtained by each method, although some striking differences existed between the obtained contour maps. Each of the predictive models exhibited a similar ability to predict the activity of a test set. The application of docking and quantitative structure-activity relationship together allowed conclusions to be drawn for the choice of suitable GSK3β inhibitors.
Cavernous Carotid Aneurysms in the Era of Flow Diversion: A Need to Revisit Treatment Paradigms (2014)

Endoluminal reconstruction with flow diversion for large unruptured cavernous carotid aneurysms can yield high efficacy with low complications. Further long-term data will be helpful in assessing the durability of the cure; however, we advocate a revisiting of current management paradigms for cavernous carotid aneurysms.
Laterally-excited silicon bulk acoustic resonators with sidewall AlN (2011)

This paper presents lateral silicon bulk acoustic resonators that are piezoelectrically excited using a thin layer of AlN on their vertical sidewalls. Sputtered AlN coats the sidewalls of a 20 um thick resonator conformally and uniformly, enabling the excitation of width-extensional modes in a suspended silicon microstructure using the longitudinal piezoelectric stress coefficient e <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">33</sub> . A motional resistance of ~35 Ω was measured in air for a 100 MHz silicon resonator, showing at least ten times smaller motional resistance compared to its capacitive counterpart.
Characterization of a silicon-based shear-force sensor on human subjects (2002)

A silicon sensor is developed and its ability to measure both compressive and shear forces at the skin-object interface is characterized. The sensor is designed based on the piezoresistive effect and fabricated using integrated circuit and microelectromechanical systems technologies. The sensor utilizes a mesa structure that leads to asymmetric diaphragm deformations in response to nonnormal loading. Four independent ion-implanted piezoresistors are used to detect the stresses induced in diaphragm and resolve both the compressive- and shear-force components. The sensor is calibrated on human subjects over a range of applied force (5- to 40-N shear force at increments of 1.25 N; 0- to 30-N compressive force). Force measurement via a tracking experiment is evaluated at four shear (9, 18, 25, and 35 N) and three compressive (7, 15, and 26 N) force levels. The sensor has good repeatability (SD approximately 1.7 N) with an average error of 12.1%.
Spectroscopic study of surface properties of various NH4-exchanged X zeolites (1975)

The nature of hydroxyl groups formed during deammoniation of three NH4-X zeolites has been investigated in terms of their stability during dehydroxylation and their acidity towards bases like pyridine. It appears that besides the two principal bands at 3660 and 3560 cm–1 always observed in spectra of decationated X and Y zeolites, a third band is present at 3625 cm–1, the intensity of which depends on the percentage of Na+ ions exchanged and, for a given sample, on the outgassing temperature. This band is attributed to hydroxyl groups which show acidic properties, are very accessible to large molecules, and are therefore probably located inside the large cavities of the network, but which are very sensitive to dehyroxylation at relatively low outgassing temperatures.
Multi-Megawatt Propulsion Based On A Compact Toroid Thruster (2005)

A research program in high power electric propulsion has been initiated with the primary goal being the experimental verification of the magnetic wave acceleration of a compact toroid plasmoid usually referred to as a Field Reversed Configuration. Based on previous laboratory results, multi-Newton thrust at high Isp (10 - 30,000 sec) can be produced by the rapid acceleration of a compact plasmoid driven by an externally applied propagating magnetic field accelerator. This paper includes a description of the concept, and the basic theory of operation including 2 D numerical calculations. A description of the experimental apparatus that has been constructed with results from initial operation of the magnets will also be presented.
The monopole slot: A small broad-band unidirectional antenna (1972)

A small radiating structure has been developed which, operating on a large ground plane, maintains stable input impedance and a unidirectional-beam pattern over bandwidths of 10 to 1 or more. Impedance stability and directivity are obtained from this small antenna at the cost of frequency-dependent efficiency. Useable bandwidth, being determined by factors other than impedance match, may therefore exceed that for other small antennas with fixed matching networks.
Filamin A and Filamin B are co-expressed within neurons during periods of neuronal migration and can physically interact (2002)

Mutations in the X-linked gene Filamin A (FLNA) lead to the human neurological disorder, periventricular heterotopia (PH). Although PH is characterized by a failure in neuronal migration into the cerebral cortex with consequent formation of nodules in the ventricular and subventricular zones, many neurons appear to migrate normally, even in males, suggesting compensatory mechanisms. Here we characterize expression patterns for FlnA and a highly homologous protein Filamin B (FlnB) within the nervous system, in order to better understand their potential roles in cortical development. FlnA mRNA was widely expressed in all cortical layers while FlnB mRNA was most highly expressed in the ventricular and subventricular zones during development. In adulthood, widespread but reduced expression of FlnA and FlnB persisted throughout the cerebral cortex. FlnA and FlnB proteins were highly expressed in both the leading processes and somata of migratory neurons during corticogenesis. Postnatally, FlnA immunoreactivity was largely localized to the cell body with FlnB in the soma and neuropil during neuronal differentiation. In adulthood, diminished expression of both proteins localized to the cell soma and nucleus. Moreover, the putative FLNB homodimerization domain strongly interacted with itself or the corresponding homologous region of FLNA by yeast two-hybrid interaction, the two proteins co-localized within neuronal precursors by immunocytochemistry and the existence of FLNA-FLNB heterodimers could be detected by co-immunoprecipitation. These results suggest that FLNA and FLNB may form both homodimers and heterodimers and that their interaction could potentially compensate for the loss of FLNA function during cortical development within PH individuals.
System Level Impacts of V2X Enabled Vehicle Control Strategies (2018)

With an increasing number of vehicles on road the quantity of CO2 emissions and the amount of fuel wasted because of traffic congestion have been rising. Use of alternate means of transport that generate fewer emissions does not resolve the problem of congestions and vehicle wait time at traffic signal whereas further expansion of existing network of roads is not only constrained by finite space, but any network can get saturated as the number of vehicles increase. V2X technology allows vehicles and traffic infrastructure to communicate with each other, and could facilitate better use of existing resources by providing vehicles information about their surroundings and traffic signals. The information regarding the phase of traffic signal, vehicles’ position and vehicles’ speed can be used by drivers and autonomous vehicle control algorithms to make informed decisions as they approach traffic signals. This research proposes and analyzes system level impacts of implementing a coordination heuristic over single-vehicle optimization to realize the true potential of V2X technology. The results of this research can help policymakers choose the most suitable control strategy depending on the traffic conditions and the penetration rate of V2X technology. The analysis indicates that at 900 vehicles per hour for either of the two driving strategies: coordination heuristic or single-vehicle optimization, to be more preferred over baseline driver behavior, at least 50% of the vehicles should be V2X capable. Once a threshold penetration rate of V2X vehicles is achieved, vehicles following coordination heuristic generate nearly 10% fewer CO2 emissions than vehicles following baseline driver behavior, a 30% improvement over the reduction in CO2 emissions obtained using single-vehicle optimization. The vehicles following the coordination heuristic also have less travel time than vehicles following single-vehicle optimization, and less wait times than vehicles following baseline driver behavior.