gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrating Concept Ontology and Multitask Learning to Achieve More Effective Classifier Training for Multilevel Image Annotation (2008)

In this paper, we have developed a new scheme for achieving multilevel annotations of large-scale images automatically. To achieve more sufficient representation of various visual properties of the images, both the global visual features and the local visual features are extracted for image content representation. To tackle the problem of huge intraconcept visual diversity, multiple types of kernels are integrated to characterize the diverse visual similarity relationships between the images more precisely, and a multiple kernel learning algorithm is developed for SVM image classifier training. To address the problem of huge interconcept visual similarity, a novel multitask learning algorithm is developed to learn the correlated classifiers for the sibling image concepts under the same parent concept and enhance their discrimination and adaptation power significantly. To tackle the problem of huge intraconcept visual diversity for the image concepts at the higher levels of the concept ontology, a novel hierarchical boosting algorithm is developed to learn their ensemble classifiers hierarchically. In order to assist users on selecting more effective hypotheses for image classifier training, we have developed a novel hyperbolic framework for large-scale image visualization and interactive hypotheses assessment. Our experiments on large-scale image collections have also obtained very positive results.
Relationship between morphology and micromechanical toughening mechanisms in modified polypropylenes (1996)

Deformation and fracture processes of two types of modified polypropylenes (PPs) were investigated in situ by high voltage electron microscopy (HVEM, 1 MV) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). One type of PP modified with ethylene–propylene block co-polymer rubber (EPR) showed a variation in particle size and interparticle distance with content of ethylene. In the other series of modified PP, Al2O3 filler particles with concentrations of 10 and 60 wt % were used. The micromechanical toughening mechanism was comparable in both types. Deformation structures in both systems are closely connected with cavitation and void formation: the systems modified with EPR show void formation inside the modifier particles; in the systems modified with Al2O3, debonding occurs at the interface between the particles and the matrix. Additionally, the effect of the morphology of the modifier particles on micromechanical deformation processes was studied. The experiments showed that besides particle size and center-to-center distance between particles, the ratio of center-to-center distance to particle diameter plays an important role. Models (three-stage mechanism) for the micromechanical deformation process are proposed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Inhibition of Ras-guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 1 (Ras-GRF1) signaling in the striatum reverts motor symptoms associated with <scp>l</scp> -dopa–induced dyskinesia (2010)

L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a common debilitating complication of dopamine replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease. Recent evidence suggests that LID may be linked causally to a hyperactivation of the Ras-ERK signaling cascade in the basal ganglia. We set out to determine whether specific targeting of Ras-guanine nucleotide-releasing factor 1 (Ras-GRF1), a brain-specific activator of the Ras-ERK pathway, may provide a therapy for LID. On the rodent abnormal involuntary movements scale, Ras-GRF1-deficient mice were significantly resistant to the development of dyskinesia during chronic L-dopa treatment. Furthermore, in a nonhuman primate model of LID, lentiviral vectors expressing dominant negative forms of Ras-GRF1 caused a dramatic reversion of dyskinesia severity leaving intact the therapeutic effect of L-dopa. These data reveal the central role of Ras-GRF1 in governing striatal adaptations to dopamine replacement therapy and validate a viable treatment for LID based on intracellular signaling modulation.
Glass-Forming Ability and Thermal Stability of Ti&ndash;Zr&ndash;Cu&ndash;Pd&ndash;Si Bulk Glassy Alloys for Biomedical Applications (2007)

The thermal properties, glass forming ability (GFA) and mechanical properties of a series of Ti40Zr10Cu40−xPd10Six (x=0, 1, 2) bulk glassy alloys were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and compression test. The bulk glassy alloys are expected to be used as biomedical materials because of the absence of toxic elements such as Ni, Al and Be. The glass-forming ability and thermal stability of the Ti–Zr–Cu–Pd alloy can be improved by a small amount of Si addition. The critical diameters for glass formation are 5 mm for both Ti40Zr10Cu39Pd10Si1 and Ti40Zr10Cu38Pd10Si2 alloys. A large supercooled liquid region of 65 K was obtained for the Ti40Zr10Cu38Pd10Si2 bulk glassy alloy. The bulk glassy alloys have higher compressive strength of over 1900 MPa and lower Young’s modulus below 85 GPa as compared with conventional biomedical Ti alloys.
Effect of Production-Induced Stress Field on Refracture Propagation and Pressure Response (2007)

Abstract In this work, the propagation of an orthogonal fracture and reopening along the initial fracture during a refracture treatment is studied by taking into account the production induced stress field surrounding the initial fracture. It is shown that the propagation pressure of the orthogonal fracture quickly increases to above the closure stress on the initial fracture due to the fracture penetrating into the higher stress region, which leads to fracture reopening along the initial fracture plane (called in-plane frac hereafter). A dual-frac PKN model is developed to predict the growth of the two intersecting fractures in a variable stress field and the associated pressure response in order to obtain an insight into the refracture process. The modeling results show that a refracture treatment can undergo three distinct periods of fracture growth: Period I: Dominant orthogonal fracture propagation. It exhibits a rapid pressure increase due to the stress increase at the tip of the orthogonal fracture. Period II: Reopening of the initial fracture. This period shows a relatively flat pressure since the stress at the fracture tip is nearly constant. Period III: Extension of the initial frac and the orthogonal frac. It exhibits steeper pressure increase (tip screen-out like pressure response) as the stress at the tip increases when the in-plane fracture propagates past the initial fracture tip. The in-plane fracture length growth is significantly slowed. Two field cases from the Barnett Shale are evaluated by comparing the model prediction to the pressure response. The model prediction agrees well with the observed pressure response and surface tiltmeter observations. The production-induced stress has significant implications on refracture design and candidate selection and they are discussed for various reservoir scenarios.
Distinct expression profiles of TGF-β1 signaling mediators in pathogenic SIVmac and non-pathogenic SIVagm infections (2006)

Our data suggest that the inability to resorb virus-driven inflammation and activation during the pathogenic HIV-1/SIVmac infections is associated with an unresponsiveness to TGF-beta1.
1313: The Number Inscribed on my Arm (1998)

Filth, discipline, cursing, and beating. I can't tell you how much I was beaten. I weighed 70 kilos when I was appointed to the Southeast, I was 49 kilos on the day of my discharge. The difference is 21 kilos. … It took six months to pull myself together. I was on duty 45 kilometers away from my birthplace. And this in itself was very depressing. Why were all of us soldiers from the Southeast? This is state policy. Southeasterners confront Southeasterners. Before the war, those from the Southeast would as a rule be appointed to the West and vice versa. Now it is the opposite. We were 350 men in the company and not even 50 of them were from the West.KeywordsMilitary ServiceLocal Radio StationFellow SoldierInfantry SoldierTelephone ReceptionThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Risk Factors for Malignancy of Thyroid Nodules Initially Identified as Follicular Neoplasia by Fine-Needle Aspiration: Results of a Prospective Study of One Hundred Twenty Patients (2000)

Indeterminate or suspicious findings on fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of nodular thyroid disease (i.e., findings that neither give immediate indication for surgery nor lead to clear-cut conservative management) have been the key diagnostic problem in thyroid cytology for which the inability to differentiate cytologically benign from malignant follicular growth has been one reason. The aim of this cohort study of 120 consecutive (103 females, 17 males) patients with palpable nodular thyroid disease diagnosed as follicular neoplasia (FN) by FNA (defined by the triad of high numbers of follicular cells, microfollicular arrangement, and scanty or absent colloid) was to identify patients at high risk for malignancy based on the prospective evaluation of clinical features and to characterize the histologic entities of FN. Based on a 100% surgery rate we found an 18% malignancy rate (12 papillary carcinomas, 9 follicular carcinomas). Previously suggested factors with elevated risk for malignancy such as extremes of age, male gender, and large nodule size were not associated with increased risk as were cold nodules by 99mTc-scintigraphy (relative risk: 1.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.4-3.3). However, hard lesions to palpation (relative risk 2.6, 95% CI: 1.2-5.6), solitary (relative risk: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.7-4.0), and hypoechoic FNs (relative risk: 3.4, 95% CI: 2.0-5.7) by ultrasound showed elevated risks of malignancy. In summary, suspicious palpation or ultrasound results may help to define a subgroup of patients with elevated risk of malignancy when FNA indicates the diagnosis of follicular neoplasm of the thyroid.
HLA-B27 typing by use of flow cytofluorometry. (1987)

We describe the use of flow cytofluorometry to type lymphocytes for HLA-B27 antigens. We modified the cytotoxicity test of Terasaki and McClelland [Nature (London) 1964;204:998] for use with a flow cytofluorometer. In a second assay we used a commercially available monoclonal anti-HLA-B27 antibody and indirect immunofluorescence staining of cell surfaces. Although this antibody cross reacts with B7 and Bw22 antigens, the results for HLA-B27 and the cross-reacting antigens can be separated. Comparison of our results with those by a HLA-typing laboratory for 100 patients showed total agreement of the assigned typings.
Low Temperature Fluxless Technology for Ultra-fine Pitch and Large Devices Flip-chip Bonding (2006)

For heterogeneous materials assemblies, the thermal expansion mismatch between the chip and the substrate represents the most important bottleneck for fine pitch and large devices. Generally numerical stress analysis of flip chip ball grid array (BGA) package assemblies focus on the reliability of solder interconnects during thermal cycling. Here, we conduct finite element modeling to evaluate the degradation occurring during the flip chip process itself. Residual strain due to CTE mismatch appears in the peripheral connections during the cool down to room temperature after solidification of the microbumps. Moreover the assembly presents a residual warpage caused by CTE mismatch which can compromise the component use. We calculate residual strain and warpage to evaluate the thermo-mechanical limits of soldering method for ultra-high density interconnects. In order to overcome this problem, a room temperature interconnection technology appears as a good solution to prevent the assembly from residual strain and warpage. This paper presents a new patented flip-chip bonding method which is being investigated for the next generation of microelectronic packaging. Instead of soldering, electrical connections are performed by the insertion of conductive micro-tips in ductile bumps, at low temperature without flux
Cancellation of second-order intermodulation distortion and enhancement of IIP2 in common-source and common-emitter RF transconductors (2005)

In this paper, a biasing technique for cancelling second-order intermodulation (IM2) distortion and enhancing second-order intercept point (IIP2) in common-source and common-emitter RF transconductors is presented. The proposed circuit can be utilized as an RF input transconductor in double-balanced downconversion mixers. By applying the presented technique, the achievable IIP2 of the mixer is limited by the linearity of the switching devices, component mismatches, and offsets. The proposed circuit has properties similar to the conventional differential pair transconductor in that it ideally displays no IM2 distortion. However, the presented circuit is more suitable for operation at low supply voltages because it has only one device stacked between the transconductor input and output. In the conventional differential pair, two devices consume the voltage headroom. The noise performance of the proposed transconductor is similar to the noise performance of the traditional common-source (emitter) and differential pair transconductors at given bias and device dimensions. On the other hand, the third-order intercept point (IIP3) of the presented transconductor is slightly higher than the IIP3 of the differential pair transconductor at given bias. Finally, the proposed circuit can also be employed as a current mirror, the ratio of which is very insensitive to the voltage swings at the gate or base of the current mirrored transistor.
Improving parallelism in I/O systems (2002)

The problem of improving the performance of external merging in a parallel I/O system using read-ahead prefetching and disk scheduling is studied. A Markov model is developed and numerically solved for a two-disk two-run system. Larger configurations are studied using simulation. A scheduling algorithm to maximize I/O parallelism is also presented.
A 0.8 μm CMOS 350 MHz quadrature direct digital frequency synthesizer with integrated D/A converters (2002)

This quadrature DDFS calculates sine and cosine values with a tuning resolution below 1 Hz, by only using an 8 word ROM and interpolation. Two internal 8-bit differential D/A converters generate the four-phase analog output signal. A spurious free dynamic range of 50 dB for low frequencies and 30 dB near Nyquist is achieved.
Comparison of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET, MRI and endoscopy for staging head and neck squamous-cell carcinomas. (1995)

FDG-PET may be helpful in detecting occult primary tumors with positive lymph nodes.
Tunable Schottky barrier and high responsivity in graphene/Si-nanotip optoelectronic device (2016)

We demonstrate tunable Schottky barrier height and record photo-responsivity in a new-concept device made of a single-layer CVD graphene transferred onto a matrix of nanotips patterned on n-type Si wafer. The original layout, where nano-sized graphene/Si heterojunctions alternate to graphene areas exposed to the electric field of the Si substrate, which acts both as diode cathode and transistor gate, results in a two-terminal barristor with single-bias control of the Schottky barrier. The nanotip patterning favors light absorption, and the enhancement of the electric field at the tip apex improves photo-charge separation and enables internal gain by impact ionization. These features render the device a photodetector with responsivity (3 A/W for white LED light at 3 mW/cm2 intensity) almost an order of magnitude higher than commercial photodiodes. We extensively characterize the voltage and the temperature dependence of the device parameters and prove that the multi-junction approach does not add extra-inhomogeneity to the Schottky barrier height distribution. This work represents a significant advance in the realization of graphene/Si Schottky devices for optoelectronic applications.
Novel Agents for the Control of Cereal and Grape Powdery Mildew (1991)

A series of novel 4-phenoxyquinolines has been developed which show potent control of fungicide-sensitive and resistant strains of powdery mildew in grape and cereal crops. Protective, curative, and systemic activity has been observed for these materials, which also control other fungi. Strong activity in field studies has been noted and no cross-resistance was encountered when fungicide-resistant strains of mildew were treated with these compounds, thereby suggesting a novel mode of action. The discovery, synthesis and structure-activity relationship of this novel class of fungicides are presented, as well as some data from field and cross-resistance studies.
A Server Coordinated Predictive Buffer Management Scheme to Reduce Bandwidth Requirement for Synthetic Multimedia Movies over the Internet. (2003)

Currently, for the display of synthetic and archived multimedia movies and clips, buffers are managed at the server end (push mode), at the client end (pull mode), or in the push-pull mode to avoid excessive server side disk access time, avoid hot spots for multiple disk accesses for the same media objects, and/or to smoothen the effect of variations in transmission delay. However, the current schemes suffer from the lack of static analysis and the coordination between server and the clients to reduce jitters. In this paper, we describe a server coordinated predictive buffer management scheme for mobile devices that integrates static analysis of frame based synthetic movies and server directed client side management to reduce the retransmission of reusable multimedia objects over the Internet. Performance evaluation shows that the scheme reduces the jitter significantly while maintaining the needed QoS, and the scheme outperforms popular rendering formats.
A Simple and Robust Approach to Computation of Meshes Intersection (2018)

Triangular meshes are important in many fields in both basic and applied research that rely on their correctness
and accuracy. Many operations with meshes can lead to undesirable situations and the resulting models can be
damaged and further unusable. Self-intersection and mesh-to-mesh intersection are types of operations that are
often present and can cause such problems. We propose an accurate geometry-based method for local repair
of intersecting meshes. The state-of-the-art methods either solve the problem inaccurately, or use methods
such as arbitrary precision arithmetic or virtual perturbation to deal with the troublesome boundary cases. Our
method represents a robust way to repair intersecting meshes accurately without the need to manipulate with
the input data or to employ arbitrary precision arithmetic. The correct solution is obtained through a careful
classification of the cases that could result from a numerical imprecision of the floating point arithmetic.
Comparative study of reactions of 2-benzylisoquinolinium and 3,4-dihydro-2-benzylisoquinolinium salts with carbon disulfide in two base-solvent environments (1980)

3,4-Dihydro-2-(p-nitrobenzyl)isoquinoliniburmo mide (9a) reacts with carbon disulfide in both aqueous hydroxide- dbxane and triethylamine-pyridine to afford the expected 5,6-dihydro-3-@-nitrophenyl)thiazolo[ 2,3- a]isoquinolinium-2-thiolate( 12) and a new product identified as 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-(p-nitrobenzyl)isoquinoline (13a). Deuterium-labeling studies reveal that 13a is formed in a process by which adduct 12 is obtained from intermediate 1 la; a different pathway is followed in each base-solvent system. In contrast, 2-@-nitrobenzyl)- isoquinolinium bromide (1, X = p-NOJ gives only the thiolate product 2 (X = p-N02) in both base-solvent environments. Substrates 1 and 9a undergo no hydrogen-deuterium exchange at C, in either base-solvent system; only 1 sustains exchange at C1 and then only in aqueous hydroxide-dioxane. The implications of these results concerning the mechanisms for the 1 to 2 and 9a to 12 transformations are discussed. A convenient direct reduction of 9 with ammonium formate, initiated to confirm the structural assignment of 13, is described.
An Investigation of a Knowledge Distillation Method for CTC Acoustic Models (2018)

End-to-end acoustic models, such as connectionist temporal classification (CTC) and the attention model, have been studied, and their speech recognition accuracies come close to those of conventional deep neural network (DNN)-hidden Markov models. However, most high-performance end-to-end models are not suitable for real-time (streaming) speech recognition because they are based on bidirectional recurrent neural networks (RNNs). In this study, to improve the performance of unidirectional RNN-based CTC, which is suitable for real-time processing, we investigate the knowledge distillation (KD)-based model compression method for training a CTC acoustic model. we evaluate a frame-level KD method and a sequence-level KD method for CTC model. The speech recognition experiments on Wall Street Journal tasks demonstrate that, the frame-level KD worsens the WERs ofunidirectional CTC model, whereas sequence-level KD can improve the WERs of the model.
Ablation of ischemic ventricular tachycardia (2015)

Catheter ablation is an important therapeutic option for preventing or reducing episodes of ventricular tachycardia in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Present technologies allow successful ablation in the majority of patients, even when the arrhythmia is hemodynamically unstable. Failure of the procedure is often because of anatomic challenges that will hopefully be addressed with technological progress.
Room‐Temperature Synthetic Pathways to Barium Titanate Nanocrystals (2008)

Novel room-temperature pathways to BaTiO(3) nanocrystals have been recently developed, which stand in contrast to traditional high-temperature methods. Peptide-assisted, bio-facilitated routes have been developed for low-temperature nanocrystal growth, in addition to two low-temperature routes completely independent of biomolecules. These innovative methods lay the groundwork for the facile production of nanoscale BaTiO(3) in economical and energy-efficient ways.
THE RESPONSE OF THE ISOLATED SKIN OF RATS TO DRUGS AND ELECTRICAL STIMULATION (1963)

A new method of transmural stimulation (Hellmann, 1963b) has been used to examine the responses of the rat panniculus carnosus, a skeletal muscle which lines the skin. This preparation responded to drugs and to electrical excitation in the same way as other mammalian skeletal muscle preparations. The relaxation phase, when examined with fast recording systems, was complicated by what appeared to be the "tone" of the muscle.
Automated Labeling of Unknown Contracts in Ethereum (2017)

Smart contracts have recently attracted interest from diverse fields including law and finance. Ethereum in particular has grown rapidly to accommodate an entire ecosystem of contracts which run using its own crypto-currency. Smart contract developers can opt to verify their contracts so that any user can inspect and audit the code before executing the contract. However, the huge numbers of deployed smart contracts and the lack of supporting tools for the analysis of smart contracts makes it very challenging to get insights into this eco-environment, where code gets executed through transactions performing value transfer of a crypto-currency. We address this problem and report on the use of unsupervised clustering techniques and a seed set of verified contracts, in this work we propose a framework to group together similar contracts within the Ethereum network using only the contracts publicly available compiled code. We report qualitative and quantitative results on a dataset and provide the dataset and project code to the research community.