gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integration of electromagnetic and seismic data to assess residual gas risk in the toe-thrust belt of deepwater Niger Delta (2006)

During the last couple of years, drilling activities in the deepwater thrust belt play of Nigeria (Figure 1) have shown mixed results with some wells finding pay but others coming across low-saturation gas and/or brine sands. In this frontier exploration context, Shell Nigeria E&P Co. (SNEPCo) has been particularly successful in a number of toe-thrust prospects where the key risk is trap integrity, related to both earlier thrust faults and later extensional faults.
Simple Method for Preparation of Fluor/Hapten-Labeled dUTP (2000)

Many projects, such as multiplex-fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH) karyotyping, require the use of relatively large amounts of multiple fluor- or hapten-labeled nucleotides for the preparation of DNA probes. Such a requirement makes these experimental approaches prohibitively expensive for many researchers. The cost of such nucleotides can be reduced approximately 99% by purchasing the chemical precursors, fluor or hapten succinimidyl esters and 5-(3-aminoallyl)-2'-deoxyuridine 5' triphosphate (AA-dUTP), and performing the simple coupling/purification described here. It is possible to finish four to ten different fluor/hapten dUTP preparations of 2.5 microM scale within a 24 h period. The reagent cost for each preparation ranges from $33-$237 per microM, depending on the fluor/hapten. This laboratory uses such nucleotide preparations to prepare FISH probes by nick translation or PCR amplification.
A sauvagine/corticotropin-releasing factor receptor expressed in heart and skeletal muscle (1995)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
3He NMR: A Powerful New Tool for Following Fullerene Chemistry (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT3He NMR: A Powerful New Tool for Following Fullerene ChemistryMartin Saunders, Hugo A. Jimenez-Vazquez, Benedict W. Bangerter, R. James Cross, Stanley Mroczkowski, Daron I. Freedberg, and Frank A. L. AnetCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 8, 3621–3622Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00087a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00087a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views276Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Membrane and soluble Fc γ RII/III modulate the antigen-presenting capacity of murine dendritic epidermal Langerhans cells for IgG-complexed antigens (1995)

Murine dendritic epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) are APC. This implies that LC take up, process, and present Ag to T cells. One way of doing so that could allow Ag internalization is provided by the low affinity receptors for the Fc region of IgG (Fc gamma R), which murine LC are known to express, although their isoform(s) and function(s) have not been defined. By using molecular biology and biochemical approaches, we demonstrated that LC expressed Fc gamma RIIb2 and Fc gamma RIII. Furthermore, LC internalized Fc gamma R by receptor-mediated endocytosis, as observed with gold-labeled anti-Fc gamma RII/III mAb or immune complexes. We demonstrated the biologic relevance of this process by observing that Fc gamma R-mediated Ag internalization improved by approximately 300-fold the Ag-presenting capacity of LC to T cells. Moreover, analysis of cell culture supernatants showed that two forms of soluble Fc gamma R (sFc gamma R) were released by LC: the first most probably was the secreted transmembrane-deleted Fc gamma RII isoform, Fc gamma RIIb3, and the second was a soluble receptor probably derived from the membrane-associated Fc gamma RII/III. The ability of two recombinant forms, corresponding to the two sFc gamma R released by LC, to inhibit Fc gamma R-mediated presentation enhancement was assayed. Preincubation of IgG-complexed Ag with either rsFc gamma R led to a dose-dependent decrease in the Ag-presenting capacity of LC. Taken together, our results suggest that, in vivo, LC express membrane Fc gamma R, which increase their Ag-presenting capacity for IgG-complexed Ag, and release sFc gamma R, which might be able to modulate this Ag presentation.
Storage Monitoring and Forecasting at the ERDC MSRC (2006)

In December 2004, the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center Major Shared Resource Center (ERDC MSRC) observed a sharp rise in data storage rates on the mass storage archival (MSA) system. Projections suggested that file storage space would be exhausted by March 2005. In January 2005, the ERDC MSRC began to monitor the top storage users and request that they reduce their file storage. By late February, consenting users had freed about 50 terabytes of space, a 15-percent reduction in overall storage. That, combined with the projected delivery of new tapes and additional capacity realized once the new Disaster Recovery site is fully populated, brings the Center out of the immediate crisis. However, the question of how to properly manage storage resources remains. With only historical data, the ERDC MSRC cannot make accurate long-term forecasts regarding data growth. To provide the optimal user environment, a mechanism must exist for incorporating project storage requirements into the growth model. At the beginning of Fiscal Year 2006, the ERDC MSRC will initiate a program for monitoring storage utilization by tracking storage usage for each project allocated computing hours by the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program. This paper discusses the kinds of data and reporting required for storage management, considerations in adopting an implementation model, and some new user tools and best practices for file maintenance on the MSA system.
DNA methylation-related vitamin D receptor insensitivity in breast cancer (2010)

Calcitriol (1α, 25(OH)(2)-Vitamin D3) binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and regulates differentiation of the normal mammary gland, and may therefore be useful in breast cancer treatment or prevention. Many breast cancer cells are, however, resistant to Calcitriol. In this study, we investigated the resistance mechanism and the role of epigenetic silencing of VDR by promoter hypermethylation. Bisulfite sequencing of the VDR promoter region revealed methylated CpG islands at -700 base pairs (bp) upstream and near the transcription start site. VDR CpG islands were demethylated by 5'deoxy-azacytidine treatment, and this was accompanied by a parallel increase in VDR mRNA levels in breast cancer cell lines. Quantitative methylation-specific PCR analyses confirmed hypermethylation of these CpG islands in primary tumors, and its absence in normal breast tissue. VDR transcripts detected in breast cancers were predominantly 5'-truncated, while normal breast tissue expressed full-length transcripts. Consistent with this observation, genes containing the VDR-responsive element (VDRE), such as cytochrome p450 hydroxylases, p21 or C/EBP were underexpressed in breast cancers compared to normal breast samples. Expression of the active longer transcripts of VDR was restored with 5'deoxy-Azacytidine (AZA) treatment, with a concurrent increase in expression of VDRE-containing genes. Thus, promoter methylation-mediated silencing of expression of the functional variants of VDR may contribute to reduced expression of downstream effectors of the VDR pathway and subsequent Calcitriol insensitivity in breast cancer. These data suggest that pharmacological reversal of VDR methylation may re-establish breast cancer cell susceptibility to differentiation therapy using Calcitriol.
Auditory Fatigue from Audio Analgesia (1962)

Intense auditory stimuli (combinations of “noise and music”) are being used to some extent in dentistry and medicine for their analgesic effects. Maximum‐exposure durations and intensities of noise and music are specified to avoid any undue amount of auditory fatigue. These specifications are based upon previous damage‐risk criteria and research data appearing in the literature on this subject and upon the findings of a series of experiments in which the hearing of subjects was tested before and after exposure to noise and music. The results of these new experiments are compared with the calculations made with formulas developed by Ward, Glorig, and Sklar for predicting the auditory fatigue from exposure to noise. The predicted and obtained results are in very close agreement.
K65R, TAMs and tenofovir. (2004)

The management of drug resistance has become part of the management of HIV disease in the treated individual. As two or more nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are generally part of each antiretroviral regimen, there is a need to fully understand resistance and cross-resistance within this class of drugs. Broad cross-resistance to NRTIs caused by the group of HIV RT mutations associated with zidovudine and stavudine therapy (thymidine analogue mutations or TAMs) has been well established. The response to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) therapy is also limited by certain patterns of TAMs (> or = 3 TAMs with M41L or L210W). The K65R mutation can result from tenofovir DF, abacavir, stavudine, zalcitabine or didanosine therapy. From in vitro phenotypic analysis, the K65R mutation shows no cross-resistance to zidovudine, but low-level resistance to tenofovir and the other NRTIs. Based on clinical cut-offs established for the individual NRTIs, the phenotypic results with K65R suggest full-to-partial drug activity for multiple NRTIs, including tenofovir, against the K65R mutant. Similar to the M184V mutation, the K65R mutation is also associated with reduced in vitro viral replication capacity, hallmarks of which can be demonstrated at the enzymatic level. From cross-sectional genotypic analyses, the K65R mutation and TAMs appear to represent separate patterns of NRTI resistance. Among treatment-naive patients who developed the K65R mutation in clinical trials, successful second line regimens were established. Thus, the K65R mutation appears manageable for the sequencing of treatment regimens in the case of its development.
1.8 dB NF 3.6 mW CMOS active balun low noise amplifier for GPS (2010)

A 1.227 GHz low power single-ended input, differential output low noise amplifier (balun LNA) for GPS is proposed. A two stage structure with current-reused technique is adopted to achieve low power, low noise factor and high voltage gain simultaneously. The LNA is fabricated in 0.18 µm CMOS process, consuming only 2 mA current from a 1.8 V supply. The LNA is measured to exhibit a differential voltage gain of 30.4 dB and a noise figure of 1.8 dB.
Growth factors that repress myoblast differentiation sustain phosphorylation of a specific site on histone H1. (1993)

A monoclonal antibody (12D11) is presented that binds an epitope on histone H1 only when it is phosphorylated. Skeletal myoblasts, which are cultured in high mitogen medium to induce proliferation and inhibit differentiation, contain histone H1 reactive with monoclonal antibody 12D11, whereas differentiated myocytes and adult skeletal muscle do not. Phosphorylation of H1 at the 12D11 epitope, as assessed by antibody binding, is also induced and maintained in myoblasts cultured in low mitogen medium supplemented with transforming growth factor beta, which blocks differentiation but allows the cells to withdraw from the cell cycle (Olson, E., Sternberg, E., Hu, J., Spizz, G., and Wilcox, C. (1986) J. Cell Biol. 103, 1799-1805; Massague, J., Cheipetz, S., Endo, T., and Nadal-Ginard, B. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83, 8206-8210). These observations suggest that phosphorylation of histone H1 at the 12D11 epitope is associated with the negative regulation of myoblast differentiation by growth factors.
Autoionization of Highly Excited Ar+ Ions Produced by Electron Impact (1967)

The (M/q)*=10 peak in the mass spectrum of argon observed at ionizing electron energies of 40 to 120 eV (uncorr.), is shown to consist of approximately equal contributions from: (1) surface-induced transitions of an excited Ar+ ion to Ar2+ at the last ion-source slit, and (2) an autoionization of an excited Ar+ ion after the last ion-source slit. By use of an auxiliary slit beyond the last normal ion-source slit, these two processes were separable, and it is shown that the excited state undergoing surface-induced transitions is a different state than that undergoing autoionization, with the autoionizing state having an A.P. of 0.5±0.2 eV higher than the state undergoing surface-induced transitions. The existence of autoionizing states of Ne+ and Ar2+ was also confirmed.
Increasing the Computational Potential of the World Wide Web (1996)

For many World Wide Web applications there is a need to provide session semantics so that users have the impression of a continuous interaction. This is true, for example, when one searches a database interactively. Because WWW servers are stateless some extra mechanism is necessary to give the impression of session semantics. This report discusses a strategy for implementing session semantics over a WWW application. Apart from the need to maintain state during interactive sessions, there is also the need to control the application. Under any circumstances this is a tedious activity. This report also discusses a mechanism for modeling a WWW application as a finite state automaton and describes a tool, the Stateful Server Application Tool (SSAT), built to assist in the development of these applications.
Optimal space-time packet scheduling for reservation ALOHA networks (2001)

This paper considers reservation ALOHA systems with space division multiple access (SDMA). Such systems dynamically assign time slots to accessing users. Due to SDMA, multiple users may occupy the same time slot and their relative spatial properties significantly affects the throughput of that slot and, hence the throughput of the system. This paper builds a model of the dependence of the system throughput on the co-slot assignment. The model directly suggests optimal packet scheduling that maximizes the system throughput. Since the optimization is exponentially complex, this paper also proposes and compares several greedy algorithms based on different heuristics.
Pb(II) Removal from Kaolinite by Electrokinetics (1991)

Electro‐osmosis tests are conducted on saturated kaolinite specimens loaded with Pb(II) to investigate the efficiency and energy requirements of the process in removing this heavy metal. Kaolinite specimens were loaded with 118 μg to 145 μg of Pb(II) per gram of dry soil, below the cation‐exchange capacity of the mineral. The test results pertaining to the flow and the associated electrochemistry (voltage, current, resistance, pH gradients, and conductivity) are presented. The flow in electro‐osmosis with open electrodes is time‐dependent, and it is strongly influenced by electrochemistry resulting from the pH gradients. The absorbed Pb(II) was removed 75‐95% by the process. The extent of removal is directly related to the pH gradients developed in the process. The total charge passed to remove Pb(II) varied between 1,400 and 2,000 amp‐hr per cubic meter of soil. The energy requirement for the removal of Pb(II) in these tests was less than 29 kWh‐60 kWh per cubic meter of soil processed.
Inversion recovery prepared turbo spin echo sequences with reduced SAR using smooth transitions between pseudo steady states (2007)

This study investigates the contrast behavior of 2D inversion recovery (IR) prepared turbo spin echo (TSE) sequences that use RF pulse schemes with variable low flip angles (hyperTSE) to reduce RF power deposition. A framework of equations and calculations for adapting the sequence parameters is presented by which equivalent image contrast is achieved compared to conventional IR-TSE imaging. Although the inversion time (TI) and repetition time (TR) do not need to be changed, the echo time (TE) has to be prolonged such that the effective TE (TE(eff)) is preserved. Measurements in healthy volunteers confirmed this finding for IR-TSE sequences using different TIs: fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), gray matter (GM)-white matter (WM)-IR, and short tau IR (STIR). The results demonstrate that hyperTSE sequences enable high-quality IR-prepared imaging with a considerably reduced specific absorption rate (SAR).
Surgical treatment of obesity (2018)

Obesity prevalence continues to increase worldwide, as do the numerous chronic diseases associated with obesity, including diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. The prevalence of bariatric surgery also continues to increase and remains the most effective and sustainable treatment for obesity. Over the last several years, numerous prospective and longitudinal studies have demonstrated the benefits of bariatric surgery on weight loss, mortality, and other chronic diseases. Even though the mechanisms underlying many of these beneficial effects remain poorly understood, surgical management of obesity continues to increase given its unmatched efficacy. In this commentary, we discuss recent clinical advancements as well as several areas needed for future research, including indications for bariatric and metabolic surgery, determination of responders and non-responders, metabolic surgery in non-obese individuals, and the evolving role of bariatric surgery in adolescents.
Computational Lipidomics with <i>insane</i>: A Versatile Tool for Generating Custom Membranes for Molecular Simulations (2015)

For simulations of membranes and membrane proteins, the generation of the lipid bilayer is a critical step in the setup of the system. Membranes comprising multiple components pose a particular challenge, because the relative abundances need to be controlled and the equilibration of the system may take several microseconds. Here we present a comprehensive method for building membrane containing systems, characterized by simplicity and versatility. The program uses preset, coarse-grain lipid templates to build the membrane, and also allows on-the-fly generation of simple lipid types by specifying the headgroup, linker, and lipid tails on the command line. The resulting models can be equilibrated, after which a relaxed atomistic model can be obtained by reverse transformation. For multicomponent membranes, this provides an efficient means for generating equilibrated atomistic models. The method is called insane, an acronym for INSert membrANE. The program has been made available, together with the complementary method for reverse transformation, at http://cgmartini.nl/ . This work highlights the key features of insane and presents a survey of properties for a large range of lipids as a start of a computational lipidomics project.
An automatic and user-driven training method for locomotion mode recognition for artificial leg control (2012)

Our previously developed locomotion-mode-recognition (LMR) system has provided a great promise to intuitive control of powered artificial legs. However, the lack of fast, practical training methods is a barrier for clinical use of our LMR system for prosthetic legs. This paper aims to design a new, automatic, and user-driven training method for practical use of LMR system. In this method, a wearable terrain detection interface based on a portable laser distance sensor and an inertial measurement unit (IMU) is applied to detect the terrain change in front of the prosthesis user. The mechanical measurement from the prosthetic pylon is used to detect gait phase. These two streams of information are used to automatically identify the transitions among various locomotion modes, switch the prosthesis control mode, and label the training data with movement class and gait phase in real-time. No external device is required in this training system. In addition, the prosthesis user without assistance from any other experts can do the whole training procedure. The pilot experimental results on an able-bodied subject have demonstrated that our developed new method is accurate and user-friendly, and can significantly simplify the LMR training system and training procedure without sacrificing the system performance. The novel design paves the way for clinical use of our designed LMR system for powered lower limb prosthesis control.
Assessment of Liver Function Using a Novel Galactose Single Point Method (1992)

A novel, simple, clinically useful quantitative liver function test, called the galactose single point (GSP) method, was developed by measurement of galactose blood concentration 1 h after galactose was administered (0.5 g/kg). It was quickly infused intravenously in 55 normal healthy volunteers, 73 patients with chronic hepatitis (CH), 36 with cirrhosis and 41 with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients with CH diagnosis were assessed by liver biopsy. Cirrhosis was diagnosed by histological examination or a chronic hepatitis history with esophageal varices or ascites, whereas HCC was diagnosed either histologically, or cytologically proved, or as implied in the 'one imagine study' being positive with AFP > 300 ng/dl. Highly significant galactose blood levels were observed between normal healthy volunteers and patients 50, 60 and 70 min after galactose was administered. Galactose elimination capacity (GEC), modified GEC (MGEC) and consecutive GSP tests were performed in 6 healthy volunteers for 2 days. 0.64-16.87% variation was observed for each subject. The significant differences (p < 0.001) in average GSP values were 247 +/- 18.1, 422 +/- 27.3, 629 +/- 42.8 and 579 +/- 43.6 micrograms/ml for normal healthy volunteers, CH, cirrhosis and HCC patients, respectively. Highly significant correlations (p < 0.001) were obtained among GSP, GEC and MGEC for all patients. Positive correlations were observed between GSP, GEC, MGEC and AST (serum aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (serum alanine aminotransferase), serum bilirubin, albumin, prothrombin time and r-globulin. According to results obtained from 202 normal healthy volunteers and patients, the GSP method may be a simple, clinically useful quantitative measurement of liver function for the determination of a patient's residual liver function, the prognosis of liver function for patients with cirrhosis, postoperational follow-up and, finally, the timing of a liver transplant.