gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dissection of the Torso signal transduction pathway in <i>Drosophila</i> (1995)

Cell fate choice at the anterior and posterior embryonic termini of the Drosophila embryo requires the activation of a signal transduction pathway regulated by the receptor tyrosine kinase Torso. When Torso, which is uniformly distributed in the egg cell membrane, becomes activated locally at the termini, it triggers a phosphorylation cascade that culminates with localized expression of the transcription factors, tailless and huckebein. Expression of tailless and huckebein in turn determines terminal cell fates. Several genes have been characterized which encode proteins that are involved in Torso signaling: the adaptor protein Drk, the GTP-binding protein Ras1, the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Son of sevenless, and the kinases D-Raf and D-Mek. Genetic and molecular evidence supports a model in which these proteins lie in the same biochemical pathway. When activated by its ligand the membrane-bound receptor tyrosine kinase Torso initiates a signal transduction pathway mediated by Drk, Sos, and Ras1, which in turn activates a phosphorylation cascade mediated by the kinases D-Raf and D-Mek, which ultimately control the localized expression of the transcription factors tailless and huckebein. Recently, we found that D-Raf can be partially activated by Torso in the absence of Ras1, a finding supported by the phenotype of embryos lacking either Drk or Sos activity, as well as by the phenotype of a D-raf mutation that abolishes binding of Ras1 to D-Raf. These findings indicate that full D-Raf activation requires input not only from Ras1 but also from an as yet uncharacterized Ras1-independent pathway. In addition to these molecules we have characterized the putative protein tyrosine phosphatase Corkscrew as a positive transducer downstream of Torso.
Automatic Traffic Density Estimation and Vehicle Classification for Traffic Surveillance Systems Using Neural Networks (2009)

It is important to know the road traffic density real time especially in mega cities for signal control and effective traffic management. In recent years, video monitoring and surveillance systems have been widely used in traffic management. Hence, traffic density estimation and vehicle classification can be achieved using video monitoring systems. In most vehicle detection methods in the literature, only the detection of vehicles in frames of the given video is emphesized. However, further analysis is needed in order to obtain the useful information for traffic management such as real time traffic density and number of vehicle types passing these roads. This paper presents vehicle classification and traffic density calculation methods using neural networks. The paper also reports results from real traffic videos obtained from Istanbul Traffic Management Company (ISBAK).
BGN: A Novel Scatternet Formation Algorithm for Bluetooth-Based Sensor Networks (2011)

To address the unreliability and inefficiency of the existing algorithms for Bluetooth scatternet formation, this paper proposes a new efficient algorithm, Bluetooth Growing Network (BGN) algorithm, which constructs Bluetooth scatternet by adding reserve links among its branch nodes so that the resulting scatternet can maintain a high degree of connectivity while avoiding exccessive redundant links. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that the scatternet constructed by BGN algorithm is efficient in terms of the number of bridge nodes, average data transmission distance, network reliablity and overall network traffic.
Sensory and Instrumental Flavor Changes in Green Tea Brewed Multiple Times (2013)

Green teas in leaf form are brewed multiple times, a common selling point. However, the flavor changes, both sensory and volatile compounds, of green teas that have been brewed multiple times are unknown. The objectives of this study were to determine how the aroma and flavor of green teas change as they are brewed multiple times, to determine if a relationship exists between green tea flavors and green tea volatile compounds, and to suggest the number of times that green tea leaves can be brewed. The first and second brews of the green tea samples provided similar flavor intensities. The third and fourth brews provided milder flavors and lower bitterness and astringency when measured using descriptive sensory analysis. In the brewed liquor of green tea mostly linalool, nonanal, geraniol, jasmone, and β-ionone volatile compounds were present at low levels (using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry). The geraniol, linalool, and linalool oxide compounds in green tea may contribute to the floral/perfumy flavor. Green teas in leaf form may be brewed up to four times: the first two brews providing stronger flavor, bitterness, and astringency whereas the third and fourth brews will provide milder flavor, bitterness, and astringency.
Radio access in corporate technology networks (1992)

Examines the development of digital cordless technology, and compares the Digital European Cordless Telephone (DECT) system with that of the GSM. As the DECT is believed to feature above all in the office environment as part of a PABX or even as a fully cordless PABX, it is useful to compare it with the other candidate cordless telephone standards: the CEPT's CT1 and CT2. >
Hydrophobic Interactions in Proteins (2001)

Abstract Proteins fold spontaneously into complicated three‐dimensional structures that are essential for biological activity. Much of the driving energy for this folding process comes from the hydrophobic effect, i.e. the removal of nonpolar amino acids from solvent and their burial in the core of the protein.
Roles of Lipid Peroxidation in Modulation of Cellular Signaling Pathways, Cell Dysfunction, and Death in the Nervous System (1998)

Free radicals are known to occur as natural by-products under physiological conditions and have been implicated in the neuronal loss observed in a variety of neuropathological conditions including Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD), and ischemia. Oxyradical-induced cytotoxicity arises from both chronic and acute increases in reactive oxygen species which give rise to subsequent lipid peroxidation (LP). By reacting with polyunsaturated fatty acids in the the various cellular membranes, oxyradicals such as hydroxyl (OH.) and peroxynitrite (ONOO) give rise to a variety of lipid peroxidation products (LPP), including 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and malondialdehyde (MD). Once formed, these peroxidation metabolites have been demonstrated to have relatively long half-lives within cells (minutes to hours), allowing for multiple interactions with cellular components. Emerging data suggest that LP and LPP may underlie the neuronal alterations and neurotoxicity observed in numerous neurodegenerative conditions. Data supporting this involvement include the detection of LP and formation of LPP in a variety of neuropathological conditions including AD, ALS, PD, and ischemia. Secondly, direct application of LPP, either in vivo or in vitro, has been shown to be cytotoxic and mimic neuronal alterations observed in neuropathological conditions. Furthermore, prevention of LP and subsequent LPP formation have been demonstrated to be neuroprotective in a variety of neurodegenerative paradigms. Additionally, LP and LPP have been implicated in the modulation of a wide array of activities within the central nervous system including long term potentiation, neurite outgrowth, and proliferation. Understanding the mechanism(s) and involvement of LP in these processes will greatly enhance the understanding of oxyradical and ion homeostasis in neurophysiological and neuropathological conditions. The focus of this review is to describe the process by which lipid peroxidation occurs and establish a framework for its involvement in the central nervous system.
Capsule chemistry technology for high-speed clinical chemistry analyses. (1985)

We describe a new analytical approach--"capsule chemistry"--for high-speed, selective analysis of a wide variety of analytes. Sequential micro-aliquots of sample and reagents are encapsulated within an inert fluorocarbon liquid. The resulting "test capsule" is introduced into a single analytical flow path, composed of a solid fluorocarbon, Teflon, where the sample is incubated, mixed, reacted, and measured as a moving series of individual tests. These randomly selective assays are processed at a rate of 720 per hour. The unique physical interaction between the liquid and solid fluorocarbon carrier materials effectively prevents detectable "carryover" of aqueous constituents between the successive test capsules. Reactions are monitored through the walls of the Teflon analytical channel at nine in-line detector stations for colorimetric and nephelometric measurements.
Theoretical modeling of pulse discharge cycle in dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator (2016)

Abstract Simple models based on two-dimensional simulations are proposed to estimate intervals of periodically observed current pulses with a positive-going voltage in a dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator. There are two distinct peaks in one streamer discharge; one is related to the formation of an ion cloud and the other is related to a filamentary discharge that is identified as a streamer. Simulation results show that the intervals of the current pulses depend on the slope of the applied voltage. For the ion-cloud formation phase, we model the time evolution of electron number density at the exposed electrode with ionization frequency. For the ion-cloud expansion phase, a positive ion cylinder model is proposed to estimate the electric field generated by surface charge on the dielectric. These models well reproduce the discharge intervals obtained in the numerical simulations.
Percutaneous Cannulated Screw Fixation of Acute Scaphoid Fractures (2000)

Rutherford Orthopaedics, Ruthefordton, North Curolina, U.S.A. (BOND) Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Naval Medical Center, San Diego, California, U.S.A. (SHIN) Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Alexander Y. Shin, c/o the Clinical Investigations Department, Naval Medical Center San Diego. 34800 Bob Wilson Street, San Diego, CA 92134-5000, U S A. The Chief, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Navy Department, Washington, DC, Clinical Investigation Program, sponsored this report # 84-16-1968-856 as required by HSETCINST 6000.41A. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do no reflect the official policy of position of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense, or the United States Government.
Audio and video processing for automatic TV advertisement detection (2001)

As a partner in the Centre for Digital Video Processing, the Visual Media Processing Group at Dublin City University conducts research and development in the area of digital video management. The current stage of development is demonstrated on our Web-based digital video system called Físchlár [1,2], which provides for efficient recording,\nanalyzing, browsing and viewing of digitally captured television programmes. In order to make the browsing of\nprogramme material more efficient, users have requested the option of automatically deleting advertisement breaks.\nOur initial work on this task focused on locating ad-breaks by detecting patterns of silent black frames which separate\nindividual advertisements and/or complete ad-breaks in most commercial TV stations. However, not all TV stations use\nsilent, black frames to flag ad-breaks. We therefore decided to attempt to detect advertisements using the rate of shot cuts in the digitised TV signal. This paper describes the implementation and performance of both methods of ad-break\ndetection.
Insect sex pheromones. Stereospecific synthesis of (E)-13,13-dimethyl-11-tetradecen-1-ol acetate via a thiophenol-mediated olefin inversion (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInsect sex pheromones. Stereospecific synthesis of (E)-13,13-dimethyl-11-tetradecen-1-ol acetate via a thiophenol-mediated olefin inversionMeyer Schwarz, G. F. Graminski, and R. M. WatersCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 2, 260–263Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00352a031Request reuse permissionsArticle Views975Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (622 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Streaming-Based Solution for Remote Visualization of 3D Graphics on Mobile Devices (2007)

Mobile devices such as Personal Digital Assistants, Tablet PCs, and cellular phones have greatly enhanced user capability to connect to remote resources. Although a large set of applications are now available bridging the gap between desktop and mobile devices, visualization of complex 3D models is still a task hard to accomplish without specialized hardware. This paper proposes a system where a cluster of PCs, equipped with accelerated graphics cards managed by the Chromium software, is able to handle remote visualization sessions based on MPEG video streaming involving complex 3D models. The proposed framework allows mobile devices such as smart phones, Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), and Tablet PCs to visualize objects consisting of millions of textured polygons and voxels at a frame rate of 30 fps or more depending on hardware resources at the server side and on multimedia capabilities at the client side. The server is able to concurrently manage multiple clients computing a video stream for each one; resolution and quality of each stream is tailored according to screen resolution and bandwidth of the client. The paper investigates in depth issues related to latency time, bit rate and quality of the generated stream, screen resolutions, as well as frames per second displayed.
Gradient error cancellation and quadratic error reduction in unary and binary D/A converters (2003)

A novel geometrical arrangement of unit cells in a digital-analog converter (D/A) converter, along with a new switching sequence results in full cancellation of gradient errors. This is achieved without using quad, quad-quad, or triple-quad techniques which increase the number of units by a factor of 4 or 16. In an M-b D/A, by proper arrangement of (2/sup M/-1) units in a matrix having odd number of rows and odd number of columns, a central unit is established allowing complete cancellation of gradient errors. The decoding logic has the same simplicity of a standard row-column decoder with the advantage of being half in size. This technique, called "symmetric-pair switching," avoids large routing between multiple subunits in quad, quad-quad and triple-quad techniques thus improving D/A performance. Another independent technique, "balanced-ring switching," is introduced for reduction of quadratic errors. This technique achieves an order of magnitude reduction in quadratic errors compared to the "Q/sup 2/ Random Walk" technique.
Quantification of left ventricular internal flow from cardiac magnetic resonance images in patients with dyssynchronous heart failure (2008)

Left ventricular internal flow fraction can be quantified from standard CMR images. In this preliminary study, Left ventricular internal flow fraction discriminated patients with dyssynchronous heart failure from normal controls with 95% accuracy.
Pectin Methylesterase Isoforms in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Tissues (Effects of Expression of a Pectin Methylesterase Antisense Gene) (1994)

We have identified two major groups of pectin methylesterase (PME, EC 3.1.1.11) isoforms in various tissues of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum). These two groups exhibited differential immuno-cross-reactivity with polyclonal antibodies raised against tomato fruit PME or flax callus PME and differences in their accumulation patterns in tissues of wild-type and transgenic tomato plants expressing a PME antisense gene. The group I isoforms with isoelectric points (pls) of 8.2, 8.4, and 8.5 are specific to fruit tissue, where they are the major forms of PME activity. The group II PME isoforms, with pl values of 9 and above, are observed in both vegetative and fruit tissues. The group I isoforms cross-react with polyclonal antibodies raised to a PME isoform purified from fruit, whereas the group II isoforms cross-react with antibodies to a PME purified from flax callus. Expression of a fruit-specific PME anti-sense gene impairs accumulation of the group I PME isoforms, with no apparent effect on the accumulation of the group II PME isoforms. The absence of any noticeable effects on growth and development of transgenic plants suggests that the group I PME isoforms are not involved in plant growth and development and may play a role under special circumstances such as cell separation during fruit ripening.
The Fresh-Water Eels of Australia with some remarks on the short-finned species of Anguilla (1928)

Volume: 16
Thermodynamic Analysis of Zero-Atmospheric Emissions Power Plant (2004)

This paper presents a theoretical thermodynamic analysis of a zero-atmospheric emissions power plant. In this power plant, methane is combusted with oxygen in a gas generator to produce the working fluid for the turbines. The combustion produces a gas mixture composed of steam and carbon dioxide. These gases drive multiple turbines to produce electricity. The turbine discharge gases pass to a condenser where water is captured. A stream of pure carbon dioxide then results that can be used for enhanced oil recovery or for sequestration. The analysis considers a complete power plant layout, including an air separation unit, compressors and intercoolers for oxygen and methane compression, a gas generator, three steam turbines, a reheater, two preheaters, a condenser, and a pumping system to pump the carbon dioxide to the pressure required for sequestration. This analysis is based on a 400 MW electric power generating plant that uses turbines that are currently under development by a U.S. turbine manufacturer. The high-pressure turbine operates at a temperature of 1089 K (1500°F) with uncooled blades, the intermediate-pressure turbine operates at 1478 K (2200°F) with cooled blades and the low-pressure turbine operates at 998 K (1336°F). The power plant has a net thermal efficiency of 46.5%. This efficiency is based on the lower heating value of methane, and includes the energy necessary for air separation and for carbon dioxide separation and sequestration.
Preparation of Fluorescent Organometallic Porphyrin Complex Nanogels of Controlled Molecular Structure via Reverse‐Emulsion Click Chemistry (2012)

Here, we are the first to report a novel approach to preparing well-defined poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) fluorescent nanogels, with well-defined molecular structures and desired functionalities via reverse (mini)emulsion copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (REM-CuAAC). Nanogels with hydroxyl groups and Ga-porphyrin complex (Ga-porphyrin-OH nanogels), as well as with Ga-porphyrin complex and folate functional groups (Ga-porphyrin-FA), are successfully prepared. Nanogels of 30 and 120 nm in diameter are obtained and they exhibit an emission maxima within the wavelength range 700-800 nm. The nanogels could find uses in near infrared (NIR) imaging attributable to their fluorescence and their functionality for cell affinity.
Modern retinal laser therapy (2014)

Medicinal lasers are a standard source of light to produce retinal tissue photocoagulation to treat retinovascular disease. The Diabetic Retinopathy Study and the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study were large randomized clinical trials that have shown beneficial effect of retinal laser photocoagulation in diabetic retinopathy and have dictated the standard of care for decades. However, current treatment protocols undergo modifications. Types of lasers used in treatment of retinal diseases include argon, diode, dye and multicolor lasers, micropulse lasers and lasers for photodynamic therapy. Delivery systems include contact lens slit-lamp laser delivery, indirect ophthalmocope based laser photocoagulation and camera based navigated retinal photocoagulation with retinal eye-tracking. Selective targeted photocoagulation could be a future alternative to panretinal photocoagulation.
Electrospun Fibrous Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering: Viewpoints on Architecture and Fabrication (2018)

Electrospinning has been used for the fabrication of extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking fibrous scaffolds for several decades. Electrospun fibrous scaffolds provide nanoscale/microscale fibrous structures with interconnecting pores, resembling natural ECM in tissues, and showing a high potential to facilitate the formation of artificial functional tissues. In this review, we summarize the fundamental principles of electrospinning processes for generating complex fibrous scaffold geometries that are similar in structural complexity to the ECM of living tissues. Moreover, several approaches for the formation of three-dimensional fibrous scaffolds arranged in hierarchical structures for tissue engineering are also presented.
Diversity-oriented synthesis of macrocyclic peptidomimetics (2011)

Structurally diverse libraries of novel small molecules represent important sources of biologically active agents. In this paper we report the development of a diversity-oriented synthesis strategy for the generation of diverse small molecules based around a common macrocyclic peptidomimetic framework, containing structural motifs present in many naturally occurring bioactive compounds. Macrocyclic peptidomimetics are largely underrepresented in current small-molecule screening collections owing primarily to synthetic intractability; thus novel molecules based around these structures represent targets of significant interest, both from a biological and a synthetic perspective. In a proof-of-concept study, the synthesis of a library of 14 such compounds was achieved. Analysis of chemical space coverage confirmed that the compound structures indeed occupy underrepresented areas of chemistry in screening collections. Crucial to the success of this approach was the development of novel methodologies for the macrocyclic ring closure of chiral α-azido acids and for the synthesis of diketopiperazines using solid-supported N methylmorpholine. Owing to their robust and flexible natures, it is envisaged that both new methodologies will prove to be valuable in a wider synthetic context.
Circulating microRNAs in exosomes indicate hepatocyte injury and inflammation in alcoholic, drug-induced, and inflammatory liver diseases (2012)

Our results suggest that circulating miRNAs may serve as biomarkers to differentiate between hepatocyte injury and inflammation and the exosome versus protein association of miRNAs may provide further specificity to mechanisms of liver pathology.