gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Lipopolysaccharides of Polymyxin‐Resistant and Polymyxin‐Sensitive <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> O3 (1996)

Lipopolysaccharides isolated from the polymyxin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae O3 mutant OM-5 and its polymyxin-sensitive parent LEN-1 were analyzed for chemical composition, and their lipid A portions were structurally characterized. The lipopolysaccharide of OM-5 contained approximately five times more 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinopyranose than that of LEN-1. Other saccharide and phosphate components exhibited no significant differences. Structural characterization, including analyses by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy and by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, revealed a novel type of lipid A. In the OM-5 lipopolysaccharide, both phosphates of lipid A were almost totally present as phosphodiesters with 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinopyranose. In the sensitive-type LEN-1 lipid A, the extent of this substitution was much lower, especially in the glycosidically linked phosphate. Phosphate in these K. pneumoniae lipopolysaccharides was almost exclusively found in lipid A. These results show that cationic substituents of phosphates of lipid A play a decisive role in determining polymyxin reactivity. OM-5 was also found to contain a large proportion of heptaacyl lipid A, which represented only a small fraction of lipid A in LEN-1.
Micro-step XY-stage using piezoelectric tube actuator (2002)

A novel small and simple mu m-order-step XY-stage has been developed. It consists of a cylindrical piezoelectric actuator fixed at one end to a baseplate, with one electrode inside the tube and two pairs of diametrical electrodes on the outside. A support is attached to the free end. The actuator is powered by a single cosine waveform voltage by friction force. An analysis shows that the trajectory of the substance is determined by the parameter gamma = alpha omega /sup 2//( mu g), which has no relation to its weight, where alpha is the amplitude of the support stroke, omega is the angular frequency of the single wave, mu is the friction coefficient, and g is the gravity. The final displacement of the substance has its maximum at x/sub 5//(2 alpha )=0.626 when gamma =3.76. The actuator drives the substance on the support two-dimensionally. The stroke and direction of movement are controlled with a joystick.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Robust and Accurate Anomaly Detection in ECG Artifacts Using Time Series Motif Discovery (2015)

Electrocardiogram (ECG) anomaly detection is an important technique for detecting dissimilar heartbeats which helps identify abnormal ECGs before the diagnosis process. Currently available ECG anomaly detection methods, ranging from academic research to commercial ECG machines, still suffer from a high false alarm rate because these methods are not able to differentiate ECG artifacts from real ECG signal, especially, in ECG artifacts that are similar to ECG signals in terms of shape and/or frequency. The problem leads to high vigilance for physicians and misinterpretation risk for nonspecialists. Therefore, this work proposes a novel anomaly detection technique that is highly robust and accurate in the presence of ECG artifacts which can effectively reduce the false alarm rate. Expert knowledge from cardiologists and motif discovery technique is utilized in our design. In addition, every step of the algorithm conforms to the interpretation of cardiologists. Our method can be utilized to both single-lead ECGs and multilead ECGs. Our experiment results on real ECG datasets are interpreted and evaluated by cardiologists. Our proposed algorithm can mostly achieve 100% of accuracy on detection (AoD), sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value with 0% false alarm rate. The results demonstrate that our proposed method is highly accurate and robust to artifacts, compared with competitive anomaly detection methods.
Detection and Fixation of Radiation-Produced Peroxide by Enzymes (1963)

Evidence is presented that enzymes can be used as a tool for the detection and fixation of radiation-produced peroxide. Three procedures are described, each of which offers some advantages, but none of which is ideal.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Tertiary Alcohols and α-Tertiary Amines via Cu-Catalyzed C−C Bond Formation to Ketones and Ketimines (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTAsymmetric Synthesis of Tertiary Alcohols and α-Tertiary Amines via Cu-Catalyzed C−C Bond Formation to Ketones and KetiminesMasakatsu Shibasaki* and Motomu KanaiView Author Information Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: +81-3-5940-2830. Fax: +81-3-5684-5206. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2008, 108, 8, 2853–2873Publication Date (Web):June 21, 2008Publication History Received29 November 2007Published online21 June 2008Published inissue 1 August 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr078340rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr078340rreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views14614Altmetric-Citations525LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aldol reactions,Catalysts,Copper,Ketones,Stereoselectivity Get e-Alerts
Hyperoxia-induced apoptosis and Fas/FasL expression in lung epithelial cells (2005)

Alveolar epithelial apoptosis is an important feature of hyperoxia-induced lung injury in vivo and has been described in the early stages of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (chronic lung disease of preterm newborn). Molecular regulation of hyperoxia-induced alveolar epithelial cell death remains incompletely understood. In view of functional involvement of Fas/FasL system in physiological postcanalicular type II cell apoptosis, we speculated this system may also be a critical regulator of hyperoxia-induced apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hyperoxia on apoptosis and apoptotic gene expression in alveolar epithelial cells. Apoptosis was studied by TUNEL, electron microscopy, DNA size analysis, and caspase assays. Fas/FasL expression was determined by Western blot analysis and RPA. We determined that in MLE-12 cells exposed to hyperoxia, caspase-mediated apoptosis was the first morphologically and biochemically recognizable mode of cell death, followed by necrosis of residual adherent cells. The apoptotic stage was associated with a threefold upregulation of Fas mRNA and protein expression and increased susceptibility to direct Fas receptor activation, concomitant with a threefold increase of FasL protein levels. Fas gene silencing by siRNAs significantly reduced hyperoxia-induced apoptosis. In murine fetal type II cells, hyperoxia similarly induced markedly increased Fas/FasL protein expression, confirming validity of results obtained in transformed MLE-12 cells. Our findings implicate the Fas/FasL system as an important regulator of hyperoxia-induced type II cell apoptosis. Elucidation of regulation of hyperoxia-induced lung apoptosis may lead to alternative therapeutic strategies for perinatal or adult pulmonary diseases characterized by dysregulated type II cell apoptosis.
Improving the performance of natural gas pipeline networks fuel consumption minimization problems (2009)

Abstract As the gas industry has developed, gas pipeline networks have evolved over decades into very complex systems. A typical network today might consist of thousands of pipes, dozens of stations, and many other devices, such as valves and regulators. Inside each station, there can be several groups of compressor units of various vintages that were installed as the capacity of the system expanded. The compressor stations typically consume about 3–5% of the transported gas. It is estimated that the global optimization of operations can save considerably the fuel consumed by the stations. Hence, the problem of minimizing fuel cost is of great importance. Consequently, the objective is to operate a given compressor station or a set of compressor stations so that the total fuel consumption is reduced while maintaining the desired throughput in the line. Two case studies illustrate the proposed methodology. Case 1 was chosen for its simple and small‐size design, developed for the sake of illustration. The implementation of the methodology is thoroughly presented and typical results are analyzed. Case 2 was submitted by the French Company Gaz de France. It is a more complex network containing several loops, supply nodes, and delivery points, referred as a multisupply multidelivery transmission network. The key points of implementation of an optimization framework are presented. The treatment of both case studies provides some guidelines for optimization of the operating performances of pipeline networks, according to the complexity of the involved problems. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Intramolecular addition of an aliphatic C-H bond to a tantalum-carbon double bond (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntramolecular addition of an aliphatic C-H bond to a tantalum-carbon double bondLinda Chamberlain, Ian P. Rothwell, and John C. HuffmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 25, 7338–7340Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00389a084https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00389a084research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views136Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multi-Scale Dense Networks for Resource Efficient Image Classification (2017)

In this paper we investigate image classification with computational resource limits at test time. Two such settings are: 1. anytime classification, where the network's prediction for a test example is progressively updated, facilitating the output of a prediction at any time; and 2. budgeted batch classification, where a fixed amount of computation is available to classify a set of examples that can be spent unevenly across "easier" and "harder" inputs. In contrast to most prior work, such as the popular Viola and Jones algorithm, our approach is based on convolutional neural networks. We train multiple classifiers with varying resource demands, which we adaptively apply during test time. To maximally re-use computation between the classifiers, we incorporate them as early-exits into a single deep convolutional neural network and inter-connect them with dense connectivity. To facilitate high quality classification early on, we use a two-dimensional multi-scale network architecture that maintains coarse and fine level features all-throughout the network. Experiments on three image-classification tasks demonstrate that our framework substantially improves the existing state-of-the-art in both settings.
The surface‐located YopN protein is involved in calcium signal transduction in <i>Yersinia pseudotuberculosis</i> (1991)

The low-calcium response (lcr) is strongly conserved among the pathogenic Yersinia species and is observed when the pathogen is grown at 37 degrees C in Ca(2+)-depleted medium. This response is characterized by a general metabolic downshift and by a specific induction of virulence-plasmid-encoded yop genes. Regulation of yop expression is exerted at transcriptional level by a temperature-regulated activator and by Ca(2+)-regulated negative elements. The yopN gene was shown to encode a protein (formerly also designated Yop4b) which is surface-located when Yersinia is grown at 37 degrees C. yopN was found to be part of an operon that is induced during the low-calcium response. Insertional inactivation of the yopN gene resulted in derepressed transcription of yop genes. A hybrid plasmid containing the yopN gene under the control of the tac promoter fully restored the wild-type phenotype of the yopN mutant. Thus the surface-located YopN somehow senses the calcium concentration and transmits a signal to shut off yop transcription when the calcium concentration is high.
Structure design of a 2-D high-aspect-ratio resonant microbeam accelerometer (2005)

An accelerometer with concise structure having a resonant microbeam to measure 2-D acceleration is proposed. This structure is configured with a central proof mass suspended by four symmetrical and orthogonal high-aspect-ratio (HAR) microbeams. This dual-axis design is able to decouple a two-axis signal from a 2-D acceleration. An analytical model relating the linear relationship between the acceleration and the associated resonant frequency shift of microbeam is derived, and a finite element analysis (FEA) is also performed to confirm this model. The FEA result also shows that there is little cross talk between x and y directions of measurement, meaning that this structure is able to decouple a planar 2-D acceleration into two independent acceleration components, and therefore the 1-D analytical model can be used to evaluate the 2-D acceleration on the x-y plane. In addition, the model is verified by testing results of one conventional dual-axis natural frequency shifted microaccelerometer (DFSM). The simulation result also shows that the sensitivity of the proposed HAR accelerometer is triple that of a conventional DFSM.
Poly(propylene isophthalate), poly(propylene succinate), and their random copolymers: Synthesis and thermal properties (2006)

Abstract Poly(propylene isophthalate) (PPI), poly(propylene succinate) (PPS), and poly(propylene isophthalate/succinate) (PPI‐PPS) random copolymers were synthesized and characterized in terms of chemical structure and molecular weight. The thermal behavior was examined by TGA and DSC. All the polymers showed a good thermal stability. At room temperature, they appeared as semicrystalline materials, except 20PPI‐PPS and 30PPI‐PPS: the main effect of copolymerization was a lowering in the amount of crystallinity and a decrease of T m with respect to homopolymers. A crystalline phase of PPI and PPS was evidenced at high content of PI or PS units, respectively. Amorphous samples were obtained after melt quenching and an increment of T g , with the increment of PI units, was observed. This behavior was explained as due to the presence of stiff phenylene groups. The Wood equation described well T g ‐composition data. Lastly, the presence of a rigid‐amorphous phase was evidenced in copolymers, differently from the two homopolymers. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 310–321, 2007.
Good Engraftment of B-Cell Precursor ALL in NOD-SCID Mice (1997)

NOD-SCID mice are sensitive recipients for human ALL xenografts.
Fabrication of nanoporous Cu–Pt(Pd) core/shell structure by galvanic replacement and its application in electrocatalysis (2011)

We describe a general strategy to fabricate a new type of nanoporous core/shell structured bimetallic nanocomposites with controllable metal components. Nanoporous copper (NPC) obtained by dealloying Cu/Al alloy is used as both reducing agent and three-dimensional substrate. Electron microscope and X-ray diffraction characterizations demonstrated that a simply galvanic-replacement reaction with H(2)PtCl(6) aqueous solution can easily generate nanoporous core/shell structure with a thin Pt/Cu alloy shell and Cu (or Pt/Cu alloy) core. The morphology and crystal structure evolution of the nanocomposites are studied and discussed in detail. The as-prepared bimetallic PtCu nanocomposites show greatly enhanced catalytic activity and stability toward methanol electro-oxidation as compared with commercial Pt/C catalyst. This facile in situ preparation strategy is also suitable for large-scale production of this novel and inexpensive catalyst.
Modular server frame with robust earthquake retention (2001)

Adequate retention of computer systems during earthquake events is important because it can not only prevent human injury and potential system damage, but also ensure system availability by limiting to acceptable levels the transmitted accelerations to critical system components such as hard drives. This paper discusses the design of an IBM frame structure and related hardware, and the retention methods used, to provide a robust mechanical installation in both raised- and nonraised-floor environments, capable of surviving severe seismic events. The development of the frame structure and the retention hardware involves extensive earthquake simulation testing, in which the responses of the system under different earthquake test profiles are recorded and analyzed in both the time and frequency domains. Industry standards such as the Bellcore NEBS GR-63-CORE and IBM internal specifications are reviewed and compared, and the transient responses of competing frame designs subjected to various earthquake profile s are investigated to ensure compliance. Finally, the concept of modular design, in which various frame components are utilized to create a flexible family of frames, is discussed.
Wet oxidation of AlGaAs vs. AlAs: A little gallium is good (2002)

In summary, buried oxides formed from the wet oxidation of AlGaAs alloys, rather than AlAs, are found to be superior in terms of oxidation isotropy, mechanical stability, and strain. It is not surprising that VCSELs using AlGaAs oxide layers as current apertures have shown promising reliability as compared to VCSELs using AlAs layers. Comparisons of lifetime data for VCSELs with differing oxide layers will be presented. The beneficial properties of oxides converted from AlGaAs alloys are found to provide robust device processing of reliable VCSELs and may play an important role in other advanced optoelectronic devices.
Solving systems of hyperbolic PDEs using multiple GPUs (2007)

This thesis spans several research areas, where the main topics being parallel programming based on message-passing, general-purpose computation on graphics processing units (GPGPU), numerical simulations, and domain decomposition. The graphics processing unit (GPU) on modern graphics adapters is an inexpensive source of wast parallel computing power. To harvest this power, general purpose graphics programming is used. The main agenda of the thesis is to make a case for GPU clusters. Numerical simulations of hyperbolic conservation laws using explicit temporal difference methods (finite-difference methods (FDM), finite-volume methods (FVM) and modern high-resolution methods) are used as test-cases. The GPU cluster is proven to be usable, efficient and sufficiently accurate on the chosen test-cases. A white paper where the GPU cluster is used to perform PLU-factorizations of matrices is also included as an appendix.
Cellular and Subcellular Localization of Necdin in Fetal and Adult Mouse Brain (2000)

Necdin is a 325-amino-acid residue protein encoded by a cDNA clone isolated from neurally differentiated embryonal carcinoma cells. Ectopic expression of necdin induces growth arrest of proliferative cells. Necdin binds to major transcription factors E2F1 and p53, suggesting that necdin exerts its functions through the interactions with these cell-cycle-regulating factors. However, information about precise localization of endogenous necdin protein is currently lacking. A rabbit polyclonal antibody was raised against a bacterially expressed recombinant protein of necdin (amino acids 83-325). Immunoblot analysis revealed that necdin protein was expressed almost exclusively in the brain of adult mice. A relative molecular mass of endogenous necdin was estimated at approximately 43,000. In developing mouse brain, necdin was most abundant during fetal and neonatal periods. Necdin was highly enriched in the cytoplasm of hypothalamic neurons in fetal and adult mice. The subcellular fractionation analysis revealed that necdin was concentrated in the cytosol fraction of brain cells. These results suggest that endogenous necdin protein is localized predominantly in the cytoplasm of differentiated neurons and moves into the nucleus under specific conditions.
828 Study on Fluid Motion Control by Ultrasonic Wave (2001)

Since under the micro-gravity environment there is no influence of gravity, it is necessary to use another active force to control fluid. One of the candidate active forces is ultrasonic acoustic wave field. In the present study, the possibility of the ultrasonic acoustic wave field for active control of fluid was experimentally investigated. Various combinations of the different phases ware investigated such as bubble in liquid, droplet in air, solid particle in liquid and molten metal droplet with vapor film in liquid. It was experimentally confirmed that the possibility of the present technique for the holding and active control of fluid is applicable.
Complex requirements for RNA poIymerase III transcription of the<i>Xenopus</i>U6 promoter (1990)

The role of various sequences in determining the RNA polymerase III (pol III) specificity of the Xenopus U6 gene promoter has been investigated. A sequence closely resembling an RNA polymerase II (pol II) TATA box, which has previously been implicated in determining the pol III specificity of the U6 promoter, was analyzed in detail. The U6 TATA-like element, in a different promoter context, is shown to be capable of mediating RNA polymerase II transcription both in vitro and in oocyte microinjection experiments. Extensive mutagenesis of the TATA-like element in the context of the pol III and pol II promoters leads to the conclusion that the sequence requirements for function in the two contexts are dissimilar, suggesting that different factors may be involved in mediating pol II and pol III transcription. Further, as implied by the above results, it is shown that the polymerase III specificity of the U6 gene is not solely dependent upon the TATA-like element but rather reflects complex interaction between multiple components of the promoter.