gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Co-occurrence vectors from corpora vs. distance vectors from dictionaries (1994)

A comparison was made of vectors derived by using ordinary co-occurrence statistics from large text corpora and of vectors derived by measuring the interword distances in dictionary definitions. The precision of word sense disambiguation by using co-occurrence vectors from the 1987 Wall Street Journal (20M total words) was higher than that by using distance vectors from the Collins English Dictionary (60K head words + 1.6M definition words). However, other experimental results suggest that distance vectors contain some different semantic information from co-occurrence vectors.
Truncating shortest path search for efficient map-matching (2016)

We study the problem of map-matching, or finding the route on a road network from a trace of noisy and sparse observed points, particularly when a huge number of points are given. The algorithms based on Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) are known to achieve high accuracy for noisy and sparse data but suffer from high computational cost. We find that the bottleneck of the HMM-based map-matching is in the shortest path search for calculating transition probabilities. We propose a technique to truncate the shortest path search before finding all the shortest paths in the HMM-based map-matching without losing accuracy. We run the one-to-many shortest path search on the reversed network and terminate the search based on the log likelihood of the Viterbi algorithm. Computational experiments show that the proposed approaches can reduce the computational cost by a factor of at least 5.4.
On Some R<sub>1</sub>-Properties in Fuzzy Topological Spaces (2011)

In this paper, we introduce six R1-axioms for fuzzy topological spaces (in short, fts). We study their interrelations, goodness and initialities. Besides we recall nine R0-axioms for fts. A complete answer is given with regard to all possible (R1=>R0)-type implications for fts.Keywords: Fuzzy topological space; Fuzzy R1-axiom; Fuzzy R0-axiom.© 2012 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v4i1.7044 J. Sci. Res. 4 (1), 21-32 (2012)
The Relation of Blocked Chloroplast Differentiation to Sugarcane Leaf Scald Disease (1983)

Etude ultrastructurale de la localisation du pathogene dans les tissus de l'hote et de son role sur le blocage de differenciation des chloroplastes
Target classification in a passive sonar-an expert system approach (2002)

A study of passive classification of underwater targets is made. A set of features pertaining to four different classes of vessels are identified, and methods of extraction of these features from the data are outlined. An expert system using Turbo PROLOG is developed for classifying the vessels. The confidence level of the classifier is analyzed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
THE COMPOSITION OF TURMERIC. (1904)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE COMPOSITION OF TURMERIC.Albert E. LeachCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1904, 26, 10, 1210–1211Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1904Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1904https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja02000a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02000a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views652Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Origins of Enhanced Proton Transport in the Y7F Mutant of Human Carbonic Anhydrase II (2008)

Human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II), among the fastest enzymes known, catalyzes the reversible hydration of CO 2 to HCO 3 (-). The rate-limiting step of this reaction is believed to be the formation of an intramolecular water wire and transfer of a proton across the active site cavity from a zinc-bound solvent to a proton shuttling residue (His64). X-ray crystallographic studies have shown this intramolecular water wire to be directly stabilized through hydrogen bonds via a small well-defined set of amino acids, namely, Tyr7, Asn62, Asn67, Thr199, and Thr200. Furthermore, X-ray crystallographic and kinetic studies have shown that the mutation of tyrosine 7 to phenylalanine, Y7F HCA II, has the effect of increasing the proton transfer rate by 7-fold in the dehydration direction of the enzyme reaction compared to wild-type (WT). This increase in the proton transfer rate is postulated to be linked to the formation of a more directional, less branched, water wire. To evaluate this proposal, molecular dynamics simulations have been employed to study water wire formation in both the WT and Y7F HCA II mutant. These studies reveal that the Y7F mutant enhances the probability of forming small water wires and significantly extends the water wire lifetime, which may account for the elevated proton transfer seen in the Y7F mutant. Correlation analysis of the enzyme and intramolecular water wire indicates that the Y7F mutant significantly alters the interaction of the active site waters with the enzyme while occupancy data of the water oxygens reveals that the Y7F mutant stabilizes the intramolecular water wire in a manner that maximizes smaller water wire formation. This increase in the number of smaller water wires is likely to elevate the catalytic turnover of an already very efficient enzyme.
The effects ofGinkgo biloba extract (LI 1370) supplementation on activities of daily living in free living older volunteers: a questionnaire survey (2000)

This survey assessed the impact of four months supplementation with 120 mg/day of the standardized Ginkgo biloba special extract (LI 1370) on activities of daily living and various aspects of mood and sleep in a population of free living older volunteers using both observer- and self-rated scales. 5028 Participants (mean age 68.9 years) were recruited through a magazine editorial. One thousand received Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) and the remainder were allocated to the Control group. The B-ADL (activities of daily living) Scale was completed at baseline and at the end of month 4 by an informant familiar with the participant, a Self-rating ADL scale and Line Analogue Ratings Scales of mood and sleep were completed by the participants at the end of months 1, 2, 3, and 4. There were significant differences between the GBE and Control groups on all scales at each time point. The GBE group felt better able to cope with their daily activities and showed positive changes in mood and sleep compared to the Control group. These results suggest that GBE supplementation has beneficial effects on areas of functioning that have implications for quality of life in an older population. Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calcium Signalling in Squid Olfactory Receptor Neurons (1999)

Isolated squid olfactory receptor neurons respond to dopamine and betaine with hyperpolarizing conductances. We used Ca(2+) imaging techniques to determine if changes in intracellular Ca(2+) were involved in transducing the hyperpolarizing odor responses. We found that dopamine activated release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores while betaine did not change internal Ca(2+) concentrations. Application of 10 mM caffeine also released Ca(2+) from intracellular stores, suggesting the presence of ryanodine-like receptors. Depletion of intracellular stores with 100 microM thapsigargin revealed the presence of a Ca(2+) store depletion-activated Ca(2+) influx. The influx of Ca(2+) through the store-operated channel was reversibly blocked by 10 mM Cd(2+). Taken together, these data suggest a novel odor transduction system in squid olfactory receptor neurons involving Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores.
A Two-Step Approach to Power Allocation for OFDM Signals Over Two-Way Amplify-and-Forward Relay (2010)

A two-way relay channel (TWRC) in which two terminals <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> exchange orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals with the help of an amplify-and-forward (AF) relay <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> is considered here, and an efficient technique for allocating powers to <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> parallel tones of OFDM is developed. A sum rate maximization problem is formulated by replacing the individual power constraints of the conventional sum rate maximization problem, which limit the power of each terminal, with the total power constraint limiting the sum of powers of all terminals. The maximization problem with the total power constraint yields a more efficient power allocation policy than the conventional problem with individual power constraints. It is shown that the closed-form solution of the maximization problem under the total power constraint can be obtained for a single-tone system ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> =1). Based on this result, a two-step suboptimal approach is proposed in which the power is optimally assigned to each tone first, and then at each tone the assigned power is distributed to the three terminals. The proposed method is shown to assign 50% of the total power to relay <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> irrespective of the channels. It is demonstrated that the proposed method is considerably simpler to implement than the conventional dual-decomposition method (DDM), yet the performance of the former is almost identical to that of the latter.
Dexamethasone‐Loaded Reconstitutable Charged Polymeric (PLGA)<sub><i>n</i></sub>‐<i>b</i>‐bPEI Micelles for Enhanced Nuclear Delivery of Gene Therapeutics (2014)

This study investigates the potential of dexamethasone (Dex) to enhance the nuclear accumulation and subsequent gene expression of plasmid DNA (pDNA) delivered using a charged polymeric micelle-based gene delivery system. (PLGA)n -b-bPEI25kDa block copolymers are synthesized and used to prepare Dex-loaded cationic micelles (DexCM). After preparing DexCM/pDNA complexes, bPEI1.8kDa is coated on the complexes using a Layer-by-Layer (LbL) technique to construct DexCM/pDNA/bPEI1.8kDa complexes (i.e., LbL-DexCM polyplexes) that are 100-180 nm in diameter and have a zeta potential of 30-40 mV. In MCF7 cells, LbL-DexCM polyplexes cause 3-13-fold higher transfection efficiencies compared to LbL-CM polyplexes and show negligible cytotoxicity. LbL-DexCM3 polyplexes induce much higher nuclear delivery of pDNA compared to LbL-CM3 polyplexes. These results suggest that Dex-loaded polyplexes could be used in gene and drug delivery applications to increase nuclear accumulation of therapeutic payloads, further leading to a decrease in the dose of the drug and gene necessary to achieve equivalent therapeutic effects.
Transmit Antenna Selection for Interference Management in Cognitive Relay Networks (2014)

We propose transmit antenna selection (TAS) in decode-and-forward (DF) relaying as an effective approach to reduce the interference in underlay spectrum sharing networks with multiple primary users (PUs) and multiple antennas at the secondary users (SUs). We compare two distinct protocols: 1) TAS with receiver maximal-ratio combining (TAS/MRC) and 2) TAS with receiver selection combining (TAS/SC). For each protocol, we derive new closed-form expressions for the exact and asymptotic outage probability with independent Nakagami-m fading in the primary and secondary networks. Our results are valid for two scenarios related to the maximum SU transmit power, i.e., P, and the peak PU interference temperature, i.e., Q. When P is proportional to Q, our results confirm that TAS/MRC and TAS/SC relaying achieve the same full diversity gain. As such, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) advantage of TAS/MRC relaying relative to TAS/SC relaying is characterized as a simple ratio of their respective SNR gains. When P is independent of Q, we find that an outage floor is obtained in the large P regime where the SU transmit power is constrained by a fixed value of Q. This outage floor is accurately characterized by our exact and asymptotic results.
Systems-wide chicken DNA microarrays, gene expression profiling, and discovery of functional genes (2003)

The goal of our current consortium project is to launch a new era--functional genomics of poultry--by providing genomic resources [expressed sequence tags (EST) and DNA microarrays] and by examining global gene expression in target tissues of chickens. DNA microarray analysis has been a fruitful strategy for the identification of functional genes in several model organisms (i.e., human, rodents, fruit fly, etc.). We have constructed and normalized five tissue-specific or multiple-tissue chicken cDNA libraries [liver, fat, breast, and leg muscle/epiphyseal growth plate, pituitary/hypothalamus/pineal, and reproductive tract (oviduct/ovary/testes)] for high-throughput DNA sequencing of EST. DNA sequence clustering was used to build contigs of overlapping sequence and to identify unique, non-redundant EST clones (unigenes), which permitted printing of systems-wide chicken DNA microarrays. One of the most promising genetic resources for gene exploration and functional gene mapping is provided by two sets of experimental lines of broiler-type chickens developed at INRA, France, by divergent selection for extremes in growth traits (fast-growing versus slow-growing; fatness versus leanness at a similar growth rate). We are using DNA microarrays for global gene expression profiling to identify candidate genes and to map growth, metabolic, and regulatory pathways that control important production traits. Candidate genes will be used for functional gene mapping and QTL analysis of F2 progeny from intercrosses made between divergent genetic lines (fat x lean lines; fast-growing x slow-growing lines). Using our first chicken liver microarray, we have already identified several interesting differentially expressed genes in commercial broilers and in divergently selected broiler lines. Many of these candidate genes are involved in the lipogenic pathway and are controlled in part by the thyrotropic axis. Thus, genome-wide transcriptional profiling is a powerful tool used to visualize the cascade of genetic circuits that govern complex biological responses. Global gene expression profiling and QTL scans should enable us to functionally map the genetic pathways that control growth, development, and metabolism of chickens. This emerging technology will have broad applications for poultry breeding programs (i.e., use of molecular markers) and for future production systems (i.e., the health and welfare of birds and the quality of poultry products).
Nickel–Tin Transient Liquid Phase Bonding Toward High-Temperature Operational Power Electronics in Electrified Vehicles (2012)

This paper presents the concept, fabrication, and evaluation for quality and reliability of nickel-tin transient liquid phase (Ni-Sn TLP) bonding that provides high reliability for high-temperature operational power electronics in electrified vehicles. The need for automotive power electronics to operate at high-temperature presents significant challenges in terms of packaging and bonding technology used. TLP bonding is one attachment approach that addresses these challenges and facilitates high remelting temperatures while allowing processing to occur at relatively low temperatures and pressures. In particular, the Ni-Sn TLP bonding process exhibits a number of desirable characteristics for power electronics, including popularity in conventional power electronics, low cost, and uniform and homogeneous alloy formation. The work herein presents Ni-Sn TLP bonding (ready for high-temperature operation) as applied to silicon power devices of relatively large size (12 mm × 9 mm). The quality and reliability of the developed bonding process was characterized using material, optical, and electrical analysis. Analysis indicates that the resulting bondline is uniformly composed of Ni <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Sn <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> alloy throughout the bond area. This bonding approach has exhibited excellent reliability for bonded devices after thermal cycling from -40°C to 200°C. Electrical properties of the bonded insulated gate bipolar transistor power devices demonstrated that Ni-Sn TLP bonding exhibits electrical performance comparable with conventional solder and is reliable at high-temperature operation.
Travel Time Collection and Traffic Monitoring Via GPS Technologies (2006)

Recently, GPS (Global Positioning System) technologies have been increasingly used in various applications of transportation planning and operations. When combined with GIS (geographic information systems), GPS data can be matched with spatial map features such as highways and roads for monitoring traffic conditions on those links. As one such application, GISTT (GPS-GIS integrated system for travel time surveys) was developed. GISTT collects and analyses traffic conditions of links by monitoring speed of probe vehicle(s) and then estimates travel time data both in static and dynamic modes. The static mode refers to the case of offline processing of GPS data from previously dispatched GPS-equipped vehicles to specified road links. The dynamic mode refers to the real time monitoring of speed on the links using a GPS-wireless Internet-equipped probe vehicle. GISTT is tested in various field tests and the results are found to be promising. Furthermore, the GISTT is to be extended by incorporating more complex dynamic algorithms to provide reliable real time traffic conditions. This paper sets a framework of the extended GISTT that contains algorithm to monitor traffic conditions by processing massive data from multiple GPS probes or GPS-enabled-cell-phones in real time. The algorithm involves identifying the traveling mode based on patterns found in relatively short time frame
Hyperphagia, Rage, and Dementia Accompanying a Ventromedial Hypothalamic Neoplasm (1969)

THE MAMMALIAN hypothalamus interposes itself between the rest of the brain and the endocrine system, and interrelates to each to regulate a large part of the organism's instinctive behavior and endocrine function. A rich experimental literature describes what happens to animal behavior and homeostasis when various parts of the hypothalamus are selectively stimulated or destroyed, and inferences from these observations are commonly extrapolated to man since opportunities rarely present themselves to study precise hypothalamic lesions in humans. The anatomy of the small but complex hypothalamus changes little between lower animals and man, lending confidence that comparisons of direct hypothalamic-endocrine functions may be valid. But the cerebral hemispheres of man are far more complex than in animals, so that detailed studies of humans with hypothalamic disease become particularly valuable in establishing the relevance of the behavioral aspects of the experimental studies. This is a report of a young woman who underwent
"Jump and refine" for rapid pointing on mobile phones (2007)

Standard input devices for mobile phones are directional keys and discrete thumb-joysticks. These devices are dedicated to the discrete GUIs of the phones (eg. scroll lists and small icons arrays). Today, new mobile applications are arising and require adapted interfaces. In particular, the widespread of 3D applications will be favored if users can efficiently point on any part of thescreen. In this paper, we propose a new interaction technique called Jump and Refine for selection tasks on mobile phones. This technique is based on two levels of cursor displacement in order to reduce the number of keystrokes. The first level allows fast movements into an underlying grid. The second one can be used for accurate positioning into the selected area. We present a user study which shows that using a first coarse jump level decreases the selection completion times. The study also shows that the technique is widely accepted by the users. Finally, we discuss the optimal grid sizes.
Polymer MEMS Actuators for Underwater Micromanipulation (2004)

Conventional MEMS actuators are not suitable for underwater applications such as cell grasping due to two main reasons: 1) their required actuation voltage are typically higher than 2 V, which would cause electrolysis in water and 2) they have small displacement/deflection due to their inherent driving principles. In this paper, three-different types of novel polymer-based MEMS underwater actuators developed in our laboratory are discussed: 1) ionic conducting polymer films (ICPF) actuator, which actuates by stress gradient induced by ionic movement due to electric field; 2) parylene thermal actuator, which actuates due to the induced stress gradient across a structure made of different layers of materials with different thermal expansion coefficients; and 3) polyaniline (PANI) actuator, which actuates due to its volumetric change caused by a reversible electrochemical oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction. All these polymer micro actuators can be actuated underwater with large deflections and require less power input than conventional MEMS actuators. The experimental results from characterizing these prototype actuators are presented in this paper.
Deep Learning Based Hand Gesture Recognition and UAV Flight Controls (2018)

Dynamic hand gesture recognition is desired as an alternative means for human-computer interactions. This paper presents a hand gesture recognition system that is designed for the control of flights of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). To train the system to recognize designed gestures, skeleton data collected from a Leap Motion Controller are converted to two different data models. As many as 9124 samples of training dataset, 1938 samples of testing dataset are created to train and test the proposed three deep learning neural networks, which are a 2-layer fully connected neural network, a 5-layer fully connected neural network and an 8-layer convolutional neural network. The static testing results show that the 2-layer fully connected neural network achieves an average accuracy of 98.2% on normalized datasets and 11% on raw datasets. The 5-layer fully connected neural network achieves an average accuracy of 95.2% on normalized datasets and 45% on raw datasets. The 8-layers convolutional neural network achieves an average accuracy of 96.2% on normalized datasets and raw datasets. Testing on a drone-kit simulator and a real drone shows that this system is feasible for drone flight controls.