gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Mucoadhesive Properties of<b><i>N</i></b>-Trimethyl Chitosan Chloride (2003)

Previous studies have established that N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC) is a potent absorption enhancer for peptides and large hydrophilic compounds across mucosal surfaces, especially in neutral and basic environments where chitosan is ineffective as an absorption enhancer. The degree of quaternization of TMC plays an important role on its absorption-enhancing properties. Several TMC polymers with different degrees of quaternization were synthesized and the molecular mass of the polymers was determined by SEC/MALLS. The mucoadhesive properties of the TMC polymers were measured with a modified tensiometer based on the Willhelmy plate method. The effect of the TMC polymers on the surface tension of a mixture of polymer and mucus was measured with a Du Noüy tensiometer. The degrees of quaternization of the synthesized TMC polymers were between 22.1% and 48.8% and the molecular mass was above 100,000 g/mole for all the polymers. A decrease in mucoadhesivity with an increase in the degree of quaternization of the TMC polymers was found. Surface-tension analysis of a mixture of polymer and mucus showed the effect of excessive polymer hydration on mucoadhesion. The results show that the degree of quaternization of TMC had a pronounced effect on the mucoadhesive properties of this polymer. Although the mucoadhesive profiles for the TMC polymers were lower than the original chitosan, they still retained sufficient mucoadhesive properties for successful inclusion into mucoadhesive dosage forms.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease medication adherence and health outcomes in Medicare beneficiaries (2015)

The objectives for this study were to examine adherence to COPD maintenance medications for Medicare beneficiaries with COPD, to examine association between COPD maintenance medication adherence and all-cause hospitalization, and to examine association between COPD maintenance medication adherence and all-cause hospital days. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey. COPD medication adherence was assessed during the six months after an index date, which was defined as the date of first COPD maintenance medication fill following a diagnosis of COPD in the interval from July 1, 2007 through December 31, 2009. Hospitalization was assessed during a six month period following the COPD medication use assessment period. Individuals were included in the sample if they were in the MCBS during 2007, 2008, or 2009, had a diagnosis of COPD, and had Medicare Part D claims on COPD maintenance medications. Individuals were excluded if they had less than two Medicare Part D claims during the COPD medication assessment period, had less than 6 months continuous coverage for Medicare Part D following the COPD medication assessment index date, had less than 6 months continuous coverage before the COPD medication assessment index date or less than 12 months continuous coverage following the COPD medication assessment index date for Medicare Part A or Part B, or resided in a long-term care facility during the COPD medication assessment period. Among 383 beneficiaries who met the study criteria, 44 percent were 75 years or older, 59 percent were female, and 84 percent were White. Medication adherence was assessed by proportion of days covered (PDC). Beneficiaries with a PDC 0.80 or higher were classified as adherent and beneficiaries with a PDC less than 0.80 were classified as nonadherent. Approximately 45 percent of the sample was adherent. The association between medication adherence and all-cause hospitalization was assessed using multivariate logistic regression models, which adjusted for demographic variables age, gender, race, marital status, education, income, region, residence, Medicare status, and clinical variables smoking status, perceived health, influenza vaccine, Charlson Comorbidity Index, individual clinical conditions, prior hospitalization and oxygen use. No association was found between medication adherence and risk of having a hospitalization. The association between medication adherence and all-cause hospital days was assessed using multivariate zero-inflated negative binomial models, which adjusted for the same demographic and clinical covariates listed above. Nonadherent beneficiaries on average had 1.35 more hospital days in comparison to adherent beneficiaries (Average marginal effect=1.35, Standard error=0.59, p=0.023).
Implementation technology of environmental data collection system based on WSN (2011)

Designed and implemented drivers for TSic506 high-precision temperature sensor and TSL2561T light intensity sensor in wireless sensor network using CC2430 as the core chip, put forward the dynamic pre-emptive priority scheduling mechanism for low-level tasks, and based on this, developed environmental data collection system in the wireless sensor network. Experimental results show that the scheme is feasible, and acquire higher stability in the continuous data collection test, the whole system's usability get greatly improved.
Dissolution of Phosphate Rock by Mixtures of Sulfuric and Phosphoric Acids (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDissolution of Phosphate Rock by Mixtures of Sulfuric and Phosphoric AcidsR. L. Gilbert and E. C. MorenoCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1965, 4, 4, 368–371Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i260016a006https://doi.org/10.1021/i260016a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views166Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Octanoyl-Homoserine Lactone Is the Cognate Signal for <i>Burkholderia mallei</i> BmaR1-BmaI1 Quorum Sensing (2007)

Acyl-homoserine lactones (HSLs) serve as quorum-sensing signals for many Proteobacteria. Members of the LuxI family of signal generators catalyze the production of acyl-HSLs, which bind to a cognate receptor in the LuxR family of transcription factors. The obligate animal pathogen Burkholderia mallei produces several acyl-HSLs, and the B. mallei genome has four luxR and two luxI homologs, each of which has been established as a virulence factor. To begin to delineate the relevant acyl-HSL signals for B. mallei LuxR homologs, we analyzed the BmaR1-BmaI1 system. A comparison of acyl-HSL profiles from B. mallei ATCC 23344 and a B. mallei bmaI1 mutant indicates that octanoyl-HSL synthesis is BmaI1 dependent. Furthermore, octanoyl-HSL is the predominant acyl-HSL produced by BmaI1 in recombinant Escherichia coli. The synthesis of soluble BmaR1 in recombinant E. coli requires octanoyl-HSL or decanoyl-HSL. Insoluble aggregates of BmaR1 are produced in the presence of other acyl-HSLs and in the absence of acyl-HSLs. The bmaI1 promoter is activated by BmaR1 and octanoyl-HSL, and a 20-bp inverted repeat in the bmaI1 promoter is required for bmaI1 activation. Purified BmaR1 binds to this promoter region. These findings implicate octanoyl-HSL as the signal for BmaR1-BmaI1 quorum sensing and show that octanoyl-HSL and BmaR1 activate bmaI1 transcription.
Chemical and biochemical sensors (1991)

'Sensors' is the first self-contained series to deal with the whole area of sensors. It describes general aspects, technical and physical fundamentals, construction, function, applications and developments of the various types of sensors. This is the second of two volumes focusing on chemical and biochemical sensors. It includes a detailed description of biosensors which often make use of transducer properties of the basic sensors and usually have additional biological components. This volume provides a unique overview of the applications, the possibilities and limitations of sensors in comparison with conventional instrumentation in analytical chemistry. Specific facettes of applications are presented by specialists from different fields including environmental, biotechnological, medical, or chemical process control. This book is an indispensable reference work for both specialits and newcomers, researchers and developers.
Circular Polarizer Realized by a Single Layer of Planar Chiral Metallic Nanostructure (2014)

As a basic optical element, circular polarizer plays significant roles in signal transmission, measurements and life science microscopy. Three-dimensional (3D) chiral structures have been thought to be necessary to realize circular polarizers. Here we demonstrate theoretically and experimentally for the first time that a high-efficiency circular polarizer could be realized by a single layer of planar 2D chiral structure. Our proposed circular polarizer is based on unidirectional polarization conversion instead of circular polarization stop bands. Since two-dimensional planar structures present obvious advantage for fabrication and integration on chip, the proposed circular polarizer is of great interest in integrated optics and microscopy. It provides a novel scheme to manipulate polarizations of light wave, as well as Terahertz wave and microwave.
Brain tumor-targeted drug delivery strategies (2014)

Despite the application of aggressive surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy in clinics, brain tumors are still a difficult health challenge due to their fast development and poor prognosis. Brain tumor-targeted drug delivery systems, which increase drug accumulation in the tumor region and reduce toxicity in normal brain and peripheral tissue, are a promising new approach to brain tumor treatments. Since brain tumors exhibit many distinctive characteristics relative to tumors growing in peripheral tissues, potential targets based on continuously changing vascular characteristics and the microenvironment can be utilized to facilitate effective brain tumor-targeted drug delivery. In this review, we briefly describe the physiological characteristics of brain tumors, including blood-brain/brain tumor barriers, the tumor microenvironment, and tumor stem cells. We also review targeted delivery strategies and introduce a systematic targeted drug delivery strategy to overcome the challenges.
Expression of a sperm protein gene during spermatogenesis in mammalian testis: An in situ hybridization study (1990)

In previous work a specific membrane protein with an estimated Mr of 20.1 kDa was purified from rabbit sperm tails and designated as rSMP-B protein. Antibodies were raised against rSMP-B protein and used to isolate and identify the cDNA coding the rSMP-B protein from a rat testis lambda gt11 expression library. The nucleotide sequence of the cDNA was determined in a previous study. Single-stranded 35S-labeled RNA probes were prepared. With the techniques of in situ hybridization, rSMP-B mRNA was detected in spermatids of rat and rabbit testis. The present results support our previous observation that immunization of male rabbits with the rSMP-B protein results in the arrest of spermatogenesis at the spermatid stage. Overall, rSMP-B protein appears to be involved in spermiogenesis, and the synthesis of the mRNA encoding the protein occurs in germ cells during the postmeiotic haploid phase of spermatogenesis.
High-aspect-ratio photolithography for MEMS applications (1995)

High-aspect-ratio photolithography using a commercially available positive photoresist and a conventional contact mask aligner with standard UV light source is described. A multiple coating process is developed to obtain a photoresist thickness up to 23 /spl mu/m while maintaining a smooth photoresist surface. Intimate contact between the mask and wafer is found to be most critical for high-resolution photolithography. Vacuum contact is found to be well-suited for this purpose. Additionally, edge bead removal is found to be of significant importance for intimate contact between the mask and the substrate. Prebake, exposure, and development conditions are optimized for resolution and aspect ratio. Maximum prebake temperature still allowing the photoresist to be developed is found to be the optimal temperature for obtaining high resolution. Prebake time distribution is optimized for avoiding residual stress in the photoresist, as well as maintaining high resolution, when multiple coating is applied. Minimum linewidth and spacing of 3.5 /spl mu/m and 2.5 /spl mu/m, respectively, and a maximum aspect ratio of 7.7 have been achieved in a photoresist thickness of 23 /spl mu/m. Postbake improves the chemical resistance to subsequent processes, for example, electroless nickel plating using the photoresist as a mold. However, postbake also causes pattern distortion, which can be severe at times. Therefore, optimal process and design conditions for minimizing the pattern distortion have been studied.
STAT3 as an Adapter to Couple Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase to the IFNAR1 Chain of the Type I Interferon Receptor (1997)

STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription) proteins undergo cytokine-dependent phosphorylation on serine and tyrosine. STAT3, a transcription factor for acute phase response genes, was found to act as an adapter molecule in signal transduction from the type I interferon receptor. STAT3 bound to a conserved sequence in the cytoplasmic tail of the IFNAR1 chain of the receptor and underwent interferon-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation. The p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, which activates a series of serine kinases, bound to phosphorylated STAT3 and subsequently underwent tyrosine phosphorylation. Thus, STAT3 acts as an adapter to couple another signaling pathway to the interferon receptor.
Deploying cognitive cellular networks under dynamic resource management (2013)

Smartphone fever along with roaring mobile traffic pose great challenges for cellular networks to provide seamless wireless access to end users. Operators and vendors realize that new techniques are required to improve spectrum efficiency to meet the ever increasing user demand. In this article, we exploit the great opportunities provided by cognitive radio technology in conventional cellular networks. Specifically, we first present challenging issues including interference management, network coordination, and interworking between access networks in a tiered cognitive cellular network with both macrocells and small cells. Taking into consideration the different network characteristics of macrocells and small cells, we then propose an adaptive resource management framework to improve spectrum utilization efficiency and mitigate the co-channel interference between macrocell and small cell users. A game-theory-based approach to efficient power control has also been provided.
A Review on Synthesis of Nano-TiO2 via Different Methods (2013)

Titanium dioxide is one kind of important materials, which has been extensively investigated because of its unique electronic and optical properties. A large number of efforts have been made to synthesize TiO2 materials with different methods. In this review paper, we summarize the synthesis pathways, morphology, as well as crystallization of the nanostructured TiO2. In addition, we also mention several nanostructured TiO2 materials.
Repetitive Task Practice: A Critical Review of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy in Stroke (2002)

BACKGROUND– Constraint-induced (CI) movement therapy (also called forced use by some investigators and clinicians) has gained increasing popularity as a treatment mode for restoring function in the upper extremities of patients with stroke. The purpose of this article is to review the concept of constraint-induced movement therapy and provide a critical analysis of the existing data. REVIEW SUMMARY– The evidence to date offers encouragement for the application of this procedure for patients who have some movement recovery out of synergy. Success may be contingent on patient cooperation and intense repetitive use with applications of retraining through practice and shaping. The extent to which each of the latter elements influences the magnitude of recovery is still unclear. However, task novelty and challenge seem important to recovery of function. There are several methods used to map cortical changes after stroke. At this time, transcranial magnetic stimulation is the primary vehicle used to assess motor cortical reorganization after CI therapy in humans. CONCLUSIONS– Accumulating data indicate that the size of a cortical area representative of a muscle does expand and its center of gravity does change with CI therapy.
Critical Role of Lysine 123 in the Ubiquitin-Mediated Degradation of MDA-7/IL-24 (2012)

Melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7/interleukin-24 (MDA-7/IL-24) uniquely takes on multiple anticancer functions, such as direct tumor cell cytotoxicity, immune stimulation, and antiangiogenic activities. MDA-7/IL-24 protein levels depend on proteasome degradation. Western blotting and coimmunoprecipitation analyses verified that the MDA-7/IL-24 protein was ubiquitinated and degraded by the 26S proteasome in Hela cells, which was confirmed by protein accumulation treated with proteasome inhibitor MG132. MDA-7/IL-24 contains 10 lysine sites: K63, K69, K78, K119, K123, K136, K179, K189, K203, and K206. Site-directed mutagenesis in these sites reveals that lysine 123 is the major internal lysine involvement of MDA-7/IL-24 ubiquitination. Our results further demonstrated that the mutation of lysine 123 to arginine led to the inhibition of ubiquitin-mediated degradation and the recovery of MDA-7/IL-24 protein level. At the same time, the apoptosis-inducing activity of K123R mutant was obviously stronger than wild-type MDA-7/IL-24 detected by 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) assay and annexin V analysis. In addition, K123R mutant tilted the balance between antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and proapoptotic protein Bax, which subsequently induced the cleavage of caspase signaling cascade and initiated cell apoptosis. Together, lysine 123 is mainly implicated in the ubiquitination and degradation of MDA-7/IL-24. Inhibition of degradation and ubiquitination of MDA-7/IL-24 through mutation of lysine 123 result in enhanced stability of MDA-7/IL-24 and exhibits persistent tumor suppression activity compared with the wild type.
Heterocyclische Spirocyclohexadienone aus substituierten Phenolen / Heterocyclic Spirocyclohexadienones from Substituted Phenols (1995)

Mannich bases were prepared from substituted phenols with aliphatic amines and formaldehyde. Amine exchange with N-methyl-2-naphthylamine followed by a Hofmann Martius rearrangement gave rise to o,o′-amino-hydroxy-diphenylmethane derivatives. Under cyclization conditions some of these compounds produced spirocyclohexadienones, which are the ipso analogs to the hypothetic intermediates postulated in the aminomethylation mechanism of phenols.
C-Reactive Protein Concentrations in Cerebral Spinal Fluid in Gram-positive and Gram-negative Bacterial Meningitis (2002)

Several reports have shown an ability of C-reactive protein (CRP) to discriminate between patients with bacterial meningitis and patients with aseptic (viral) meningitis (1)(2). Although a recent metaanalysis suggested that a negative CRP test in either cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or serum can be used with a very high probability to rule out bacterial meningitis (3), a more recent report (4) suggested that serum concentrations are a better screening tool for this differential diagnosis.

To assess the ability of CSF CRP to differentiate gram-positive from gram-negative meningitis, we compared CRP concentrations in the blood and CSF, along with CSF nitric oxide (NO), protein, glucose, and leukocyte count, in 17 consecutive patients (age range, 2 months to 47 years) with suspected bacterial meningitis and in noninfected controls. The two patient groups had comparable CSF leukocyte counts and protein and glucose concentrations, and were not considerably different with respect to dispersion of gender and age. …
Sujet et pouvoir dans la contemporanéité (2013)

Cette contribution porte sur la souffrance et la douleur dans les formes de subjectivation contemporaine.
P-Alkoxyanilines as antinitrosamine agents for bacon (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTP-Alkoxyanilines as antinitrosamine agents for baconKeki R. Bharucha, Charles K. Cross, and Leon J. RubinCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1986, 34, 5, 814–818Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00071a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00071a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views55Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts