gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Online Reinforcement Learning in Stochastic Games (2017)

We study online reinforcement learning in average-reward stochastic games (SGs). An SG models a two-player zero-sum game in a Markov environment, where state transitions and one-step payoffs are determined simultaneously by a learner and an adversary. We propose the UCSG algorithm that achieves a sublinear regret compared to the game value when competing with an arbitrary opponent. This result improves previous ones under the same setting. The regret bound has a dependency on the diameter, which is an intrinsic value related to the mixing property of SGs. If we let the opponent play an optimistic best response to the learner, UCSG finds an $\varepsilon$-maximin stationary policy with a sample complexity of $\tilde{\mathcal{O}}\left(\text{poly}(1/\varepsilon)\right)$, where $\varepsilon$ is the gap to the best policy.
Image Classification Based on Fuzzy Support Vector Machine (2008)

As a basic two-class classifier, support vector machine (SVM) has been proved to perform well in image classification, which is one of the most common tasks of image processing. However, for the n-class problem in image classification, SVM treats it as n two-class problems, in this way, unclassifiable regions exist. In this paper, we introduce fuzzy support vector machine (FSVM) and define a membership function to classify images which are unclassifiable using conventional SVM. For the input vector of SVM and FSVM, we use combined image feature histogram. Being compared with the conventional SVM, FSVM shows the same result as SVM for the images in the classifiable regions, and for those in the unclassifiable regions, FSVM generates better result than SVM.
SANEAMENTO EM SANTA CATARINA (2018)

O presente artigo tem como principal objetivo a explicacao de como foi implementado todo o processo de Design Thinking no levantamento do problema de saneamento no estado de Santa Catarina e a sua posterior solucao. O artigo foi desenvolvido no âmbito das quatro fases do Design Thinking: Imersao, Analise e Sintese, Ideacao e Prototipacao. Nestas quatro fases foram realizadas inumeras etapas para que a equipa se enquadrasse com o problema do saneamento no estado de Santa Catarina, na sua analise, na criacao de uma ideia para ajudar a populacao a lidar com este problema e, por fim, na Prototipacao da ideia que foi gerada na fase de ideacao e a sua posterior explicacao.
Coumadin (Warfarin) Sodium (1956)

THE introduction of bishydroxycoumarin (Dicumarol) about fifteen years ago evoked a voluminous literature on the use of anticoagulant treatment for the prevention and control of thrombotic and thromboembolic disorders. The early reports demonstrated that Dicumarol, by virtue of its depressing effect on the level or activity of plasma prothrombin, was an effective in vivo anticoagulant that could be usefully employed for the treatment of thrombosis and thromboembolism — particularly venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. These experiences also brought to light certain shortcomings of the drug.A number of reports dealt with the prothrombin-depressing properties of congeners of the original Dicumarol. . . .
Kerberized handover keying (2007)

This paper proposes a media-independent handover key management architecture that uses Kerberos for secure key distribution among a server, an authenticator, and a mobile node. With the proposed architecture, signaling for key distribution is based on re-keying and is decoupled from re-authentication that requires EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol) and AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) signaling similar to initial network access authentication. In this framework, the mobile node is able to obtain master session keys required for dynamically establishing the security associations with a set of authenticators without communicating with them before handover. By separating re-key operation from re-authentication, the proposed architecture is more optimized for proactive mode of operation. It is also optimized for reactive mode of operation by reversing the key distribution roles between the mobile node and the target access node. This paper discusses how the proposed architecture is applicable to the existing link-layer technologies including IEEE 802.11 and 802.16 and across multiple AAA domains. This paper also describes how Kerberos is bootstrapped from initial access authentication using an EAP method.
Nonhomologous End Joining Is Essential for Cellular Resistance to the Novel Antitumor Agent, β-Lapachone (2007)

Commonly used antitumor agents, such as DNA topoisomerase I/II poisons, kill cancer cells by creating nonrepairable DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). To repair DSBs, error-free homologous recombination (HR), and/or error-prone nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) are activated. These processes involve the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase-related kinase family of serine/threonine enzymes: ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), ATM- and Rad3-related for HR, and DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) for NHEJ. Alterations in these repair processes can cause drug/radiation resistance and increased genomic instability. beta-Lapachone (beta-lap; also known as ARQ 501), currently in phase II clinical trials for the treatment of pancreatic cancer, causes a novel caspase- and p53-independent cell death in cancer cells overexpressing NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1). NQO1 catalyzes a futile oxidoreduction of beta-lap leading to reactive oxygen species generation, DNA breaks, gamma-H2AX foci formation, and hyperactivation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1, which is required for cell death. Here, we report that beta-lap exposure results in NQO1-dependent activation of the MRE11-Rad50-Nbs-1 complex. In addition, ATM serine 1981, DNA-PKcs threonine 2609, and Chk1 serine 345 phosphorylation were noted; indicative of simultaneous HR and NHEJ activation. However, inhibition of NHEJ, but not HR, by genetic or chemical means potentiated beta-lap lethality. These studies give insight into the mechanism by which beta-lap radiosensitizes cancer cells and suggest that NHEJ is a potent target for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of beta-lap alone or in combination with other agents in cancer cells that express elevated NQO1 levels.
Copper Complexes as Anticancer Agents (2009)

Metal-based antitumor drugs play a relevant role in antiblastic chemotherapy. Cisplatin is regarded as one of the most effective drugs, even if severe toxicities and drug resistance phenomena limit its clinical use. Therefore, in recent years there has been a rapid expansion in research and development of novel metal-based anticancer drugs to improve clinical effectiveness, to reduce general toxicity and to broaden the spectrum of activity. The variety of metal ion functions in biology has stimulated the development of new metallodrugs other than Pt drugs with the aim to obtain compounds acting via alternative mechanisms of action. Among non-Pt compounds, copper complexes are potentially attractive as anticancer agents. Actually, since many years a lot of researches have actively investigated copper compounds based on the assumption proposal that endogenous metals may be less toxic. It has been established that the properties of copper-coordinated compounds are largely determined by the nature of ligands and donor atoms bound to the metal ion. In this review, the most remarkable achievements in the design and development of copper(I, II) complexes as antitumor agents are discussed. Special emphasis has been focused on the identification of structure-activity relationships for the different classes of copper(I,II) complexes. This work was motivated by the observation that no comprehensive surveys of copper complexes as anticancer agents were available in the literature. Moreover, up to now, despite the enormous efforts in synthesizing different classes of copper complexes, very few data concerning the molecular basis of the mechanisms underlying their antitumor activity are available. This overview, collecting the most significant strategies adopted in the last ten years to design promising anticancer copper(I,II) compounds, would be a help to the researchers working in this field.
Kupilikula: governance and the invisible realm in Mozambique (2006)

On the Mueda plateau in northern Mozambique, sorcerers are said to feed on their victims, sometimes making lions or transforming into lions to literally devour their flesh. When the ruling FRELIMO party subscribed to socialism, it condemned sorcery beliefs and counter-sorcery practices as false consciousness, but since undertaking neoliberal reform, the party - still in power after three electoral cycles - has tolerated tradition, leaving villagers to interpret and engage with events in the idiom of sorcery. Now, when the lions prowl plateau villages, suspected sorcerers are often lynched. In this historical ethnography of sorcery, Harry G. West draws on a decade of fieldwork and combines the perspectives of anthropology and political science to reveal how Muedans expect responsible authorities to monitor the invisible realm of sorcery and to overturn or, as Muedans call it, kupilikula sorcerers' destructive attacks by practicing a constructive form of counter-sorcery themselves. Kupilikula argues that, where neoliberal policies have fostered social division rather than security and prosperity, Muedans have, in fact, used sorcery discourse to assess and sometimes overturn reforms, advancing alternative visions of a world transformed.
System Level Design and Verification Using a Synchronous Language (2003)

Synchronous languages such as Esterel, Lustre, Signal, and others were originally developed for safety-critical embedded software and compiled into C. They have recently been extended to hardware with new language features and compilers to RTL. Contrary to traditional HDL languages (Verilog, VHDL) and recent system-level languages (SystemC, System Verilog), they have well defined formal semantics, which facilitate bug avoidance using correct-by-construction compilation and verification techniques. The tutorial will demonstrate what the synchronous language offers for the modeling, design, analysis and implementation of systems that comprise hardware and software. It will be based on Esterel. Esterel models have proved to be useful for rapid design space exploration and verification at system level, without resorting to detailed implementation and slow bit-level event-based simulation. We show how to model control-dominated IP blocks at a higher level of abstraction and how to use the target C code or RTL in conjunction with other system-level tools. Case studies include examples of design space exploration by synthesizing equivalent hardware or software from the same Esterel description, with formal verification of safety properties such as bus protocol conformance. We conclude with a review of future research directions.
A Job Recommender System Based on User Clustering (2013)

In this paper, we first provide a comprehensive investigation of four online job recommender systems (JRSs) from four different aspects: user profiling, recommendation strategies, recommendation output, and user feedback.  In particular, we summarize the pros and cons of these online JRSs and highlight their differences. We then discuss the challenges in building high-quality JRSs. One main challenge lies on the design of recommendation strategies since different job applicants may have different characteristics. To address the aforementioned challenge, we develop an online JRS, iHR, which groups users into different clusters and employs different recommendation approaches for different user clusters.  As a result, iHR has the capability of choosing the appropriate recommendation approaches according to users’ characteristics. Empirical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system.
Comparison of Immunological Properties of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells and Adipose Tissue–Derived Stem Cells Before and After Osteogenic Differentiation <i>In Vitro</i> (2007)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from various tissues and represent an attractive cell population for tissue-engineering purposes. MSCs from bone marrow (bone marrow stromal cells [BMSCs]) are negative for immunologically relevant surface markers and inhibit proliferation of allogenic T cells in vitro. Therefore, BMSCs are said to be available for allogenic cell therapy. Although the immunological characteristics of BMSCs have been the subject of various investigations, those of stem cells isolated from adipose tissue (ASCs) have not been adequately described. In addition, the influence of osteogenic differentiation in vitro on the immunological characteristics of BMSCs and ASCs is the subject of this article. Before and after osteogenic induction, the influence of BMSCs and ASCs on the proliferative behavior of resting and activated allogenic peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was studied as a measure of the immune response (mixed lymphocyte culture). At the same points, the expression of immunologically relevant surface markers (e.g., major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I, MHC-II, CD40, CD40L) was measured, and correlations between the different sets of results were sought. The pattern of surface antigen expression of BMSCs is the same as that of ASCs. Analogous to BMSCs, undifferentiated cells isolated from adipose tissue lack expression of MHC-II; this is not lost in the course of the osteogenic differentiation process. In co-culture with allogenic PBMCs, both cell types fail to lead to any significant stimulation, and they both retain these characteristics during the differentiation process. BMSCs and ASCs suppress proliferation on activated PBMCs before and after osteogenic differentiation. Our results confirm that MSCs are immune modulating cells. These properties are retained even after osteogenic induction in vitro and seem to be similar in BMSCs and ASCs. Our results suggest that allogenic transplantation of BMSCs and ASCs would be possible, for example, in the context of tissue engineering.
Plant Species Classification Using a 3D LIDAR Sensor and Machine Learning (2010)

In the domain of agricultural robotics, one major application is crop scouting, e.g., for the task of weed control. For this task a key enabler is a robust detection and classification of the plant and species. Automatically distinguishing between plant species is a challenging task, because some species look very similar. It is also difficult to translate the symbolic high level description of the appearances and the differences between the plants used by humans, into a formal, computer understandable form. Also it is not possible to reliably detect structures, like leaves and branches in 3D data provided by our sensor. One approach to solve this problem is to learn how to classify the species by using a set of example plants and machine learning methods. In this paper we are introducing a method for distinguishing plant species using a 3D LIDAR sensor and supervised learning. For that we have developed a set of size and rotation invariant features and evaluated experimentally which are the most descriptive ones. Besides these features we have also compared different learning methods using the toolbox Weka. It turned out that the best methods for our application are simple logistic regression functions, support vector machines and neural networks. In our experiments we used six different plant species, typically available at common nurseries, and about 20 examples of each species. In the laboratory we were able to identify over 98% of these plants correctly.
Highly Efficient Green-Emitting Electrophosphorescent Iridium Complexes with Enhanced Steric Hindrance (2009)

Two novel iridium complexes, bis[2-(1,1',2',1"-terphen-3-yl)pyridinato-C,N]iridium(III) (acetylacetonate) (tphpy)2Ir(acac) and bis[2-(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)pyridinato-C,N]- iridium(III) (acetylacetonate) (tmhppy)2Ir(acac), were synthesized and characterized using the various spectroscopic methods. Multilayered, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) were fabricated by using the complexes as dopant materials. A maximum luminance of 57840 cd/m2 at 14 V and a luminance efficiency of 40 cd/A at 20 mA/cm2 were achieved. The peak wavelength of the electroluminescence was at 527 nm with CIE coordinates of (0.34, 0.63), and the device showed a stable color chromaticity at various voltages. Significantly improved operational lifetime was achieved using (tphpy)2Ir(acac) and (tmhppy)2Ir(acac) compared to that using (ppy)2Ir(acac), at the same doping level.
Investigation of basic imaging properties in digital radiography. 4. Effect of unsharp masking on the detectability of simple patterns (1985)

The signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of simple radiologic patterns processed by the unsharp-masking technique were calculated on the basis of a statistical decision theory model that includes both the observer's visual transfer function and a noise component internal to his eye-brain system. For a variety of processing parameters, the contrast-detail diagrams predicted from this SNR agreed qualitatively with experimental results obtained in observer performance studies. Unsharp masking with a large mask and a large weighting factor improved the detection of square objects to a level comparable with that achieved by the overall contrast enhancement technique using a factor of 4. However, unsharp masking with a small mask and a large weighting factor can substantially degrade the detectability of these objects. The potential practical utility of the unsharp-masking technique is discussed.
Silicon Oxidation in an Oxygen Plasma Excited by Microwaves (1965)

A preliminary study of the oxidation of silicon by a moderate density oxygen gas plasma has provided two methods for oxidizing silicon rapidly at low temperatures. The oxidation process has unique characteristics which allow for masking against the growth of the film. A probable mechanism for the oxidation process is presented.
Whey microfiltration performance: influence of protein concentration by ultrafiltration and of physicochemical pretreatment (1994)

Microfiltration with membranes of 0.2 urn pore size was used to c1arify and defat whey previously ultrafiltered at various volume concentration ratios (VCR, 1-5.5). Physicochemical pretreatment of whey combining calcium addition (in order to reach a final concentration in the range 1.3-3.3 g'kg-1), pH increase to 7.3 and a heat treatment (60C, 10 min) were carried out. The efficiency of rnicrofiltration, performed at a constant permeation flux, was compared with centrifugation. Pretreatment of retentate concentrated to a VCR of 5.5, led to poor hydraulic performance: a continuous increase in transmembrane pressure (TP) over the whole run (60 min) from 0.05 to 0.15 MPa brought evidence of rapid membrane fouling. A low total nitrogen matter recovery (TNMr) of 0.41 was obtained. Pretreatment of VCR 2.5 and VCR 4.0 retentates allowed higher TNMr (0.65) and better hydraulic performance, ie slower TP increase to be obtained. With no physicochemical pretreatment, VCR 2.5-4.0-5.5 retentates led to improved hydraulic performance and higher TNMr (0.90).
Ionic, Water-Soluble Polyflorene-Type Copolymers (2004)

The aim of the present work Ionic, Water-Soluble Polyfluorene-Type Copolymers was, a) to synthesize water soluble semiconducting polymers, b) to investigate the effect of surfactant on the aqueous polymer solutions, and c) to check applications in optical, electronic & optoelectronic devices.
 Water-soluble conjugated polymers are of particular interest as fluorescent components in sensors both for chemical and biological analysis as well as for OLEDs which are built in a layer-by-layer self assembly approach. Solubility in water is essential for interrogating biological substrates and this can be achieved by introducing neutral or charged hydrophilic functionalities to the terminal position of the polyfluorene backbone.
 In case of anionic polyelectrolytes, the water solubility was achieved by functionalizing the side chain by attaching sulfonate group. While in case of cationic polyelectrolytes, water solubility was achieved by functionalizing the side chain by attaching ammonium groups. Anionic water-soluble copolymers were synthesized in four steps.
 Solutions of the anionic water-soluble copolymer, poly[9,9-bis(4-sulfonylbutoxy-phenyl)fluorene-co-1,4-phenylene] in water were turbid (low PL efficiency). Addition of surfactants leads to a clear solution (PL efficiency increases to ~100%). The surfactant used in our study was C12E5 (n-dodecylpentaoxyethylene glycol ether) as a non-ionic surfactant. There is a dramatic increase in the fluorescence quantum yield of the above copolymer on incorporation into C12E5 micelles and this can be important for sensor applications. Efforts are being made to check the applications of this copolymer in polymer LEDs.
 Other anionic water-soluble copolymers with biphenyl, thienylene and bithiophene spacer groups were synthesized by Suzuki or Stille-type cross-coupling reactions.
 Cationic, water-soluble copolymers were synthesized using the procedure developed by Bazan et. al, who used related oligomers and polymers for DNA sensing. The synthesis involves four steps with a Suzuki-type cross-coupling reaction in the key step towards a non-ionic precursor polymer.
 Studies of a polyelectrolyte-surfactant system, poly{9,9-bis[6-(N,N-trimethyl-ammo-nium)hexyl]fluorene-co-1,4-phenylene} /C12E5 have been done. Other cationic, water-soluble copolymers with thienylene and bithiophene spacer units have been also synthesized.
 The purification of the water soluble polyelectrolytes was done by dialysis with water using a dialysis membrane with a cutoff of 3,500 gmol-1.
Getting it across (1995)

A clear and appealing screen layout is crucial to the success of on-line kiosk systems, public terminals that are connected to a network. This paper addresses the problem of developing such a layout, and provides several guidelines, drawn from traditional typography and Gestalt psychology as well as from hypertext authoring, and human-computer interaction. To identify how a kiosk system's primary task influences optimal layout, kiosk systems are classified into four basic types. The usability of HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) 2.0 and 3.0 to write documents for these systems is discussed, and some alternative existing environments are presented.
Comparative volatilization and dissipation rates of several pesticides from soil (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComparative volatilization and dissipation rates of several pesticides from soilRalph G. NashCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1983, 31, 2, 210–217Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00116a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00116a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views149Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts