gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Single-Cylinder to Multi-Cylinder Performance for a Medium Speed Diesel Engine (2006)

Single-cylinder research engines are valuable tools in the development of multi-cylinder reciprocating engines. The financial advantages of single-cylinder testing increases with engine size offering even larger benefits for medium-speed engines than light-duty automotive or heavy-duty truck engines. While testing on a single-cylinder engine provides a number of economic and technical advantages [1], careful planning and setup are required to maximize the usefulness of single-cylinder results as predictive of multi-cylinder performance. This paper describes the methodology used to set up and operate a single-cylinder medium speed diesel engine for combustion performance testing. An overview of the test cell design, infrastructure and instrumentation is provided, along with detailed specifications of the engine. There is good correlation between the single-cylinder and multi-cylinder performance when the gas-exchange-and frictional loss differences are taken into account. The strategy and results for this correlation effort are presented and discussed. The apparent rate of heat release was very consistent between the MCE and the SCE for the same load and injection timing. For other parameters, it was found that the single-cylinder engine contains biases relative to the absolute values observed from a full multi-cylinder engine, but the single-cylinder results are very useful in identifying relative performance trends and in performing in-cylinder optimization.
A Density Based Clustering approach for early detection of fault prone modules (2010)

Quality of a software component can be measured in terms of fault proneness of data. Quality estimations are made using fault proneness data available from previously developed similar type of projects and the training data consisting of software measurements. To predict fault-proneness of modules different techniques have been proposed which includes statistical methods, machine learning techniques, neural network techniques and clustering techniques. The aim of proposed approach is to investigate that whether metrics available in the early lifecycle (i.e. requirement metrics), metrics available in the late lifecycle (i.e. code metrics) and metrics available in the early lifecycle (i.e. requirement metrics) combined with metrics available in the late lifecycle (i.e. code metrics) can be used to identify fault prone modules by using Density Based Clustering technique. This approach has been tested with real time defect datasets of NASA software projects named as PC1. Predicting faults early in the software life cycle can be used to achieve high software quality. The results show that the fusion of requirement and code metric is the best prediction model for detecting the faults as compared with mostly used code based model.
Effect of Insulin Catheter Wear-Time on Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Blood Flow and Insulin Absorption in Humans (2009)

Insertion of a Teflon insulin catheter into the SAT results in increased ATBF and faster absorption of insulin aspart in a period of 4 days without any change in the total amount of insulin aspart absorbed.
Human tumor cell infection by Newcastle Disease Virus leads to upregulation of HLA and cell adhesion molecules and to induction of interferons, chemokines and finally apoptosis (2002)

In order to analyse immune-stimulatory effects of infection of human tumor cells with Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), gamma-irradiated human breast carcinoma, colon-carcinoma or glioblastoma cells from defined cell lines were modified either by true infection with live virus or by cell surface adsorption of UV-inactivated replication deficient virus. Modification with live but not inactive NDV induced in all human tumor cells IFN-beta and the chemokines RANTES and IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP-10). In addition, infection by live NDV induced upregulation of HLA-ABC-molecules in all tumor lines tested and HLA-DR molecules in breast carcinoma lines. Two cell adhesion molecules, ICAM-I (CD54) and LFA-3 (CD58), were also upregulated on human tumor cells after infection with live NDV. When infection of MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells by NDV was performed in the presence of neutralizing anti-IFN-beta antibodies no upregulation of HLA molecules was observed suggesting an important role of IFN-beta in this process. Forty-eight to 72 hours after infection of the irradiated tumor cells with live NDV, many tumor cells were dead or in early or late stages of apoptosis. These results provide explanations for the function of the virus-modified autologous tumor vaccine ATV-NDV with which promising clinical results have already been obtained.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Version 2 (HTTP/2) (2015)

This specification describes an optimized expression of the semantics of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), referred to as HTTP version 2 (HTTP/2). HTTP/2 enables a more efficient use of network resources and a reduced perception of latency by introducing header field compression and allowing multiple concurrent exchanges on the same connection. It also introduces unsolicited push of representations from servers to clients. This specification is an alternative to, but does not obsolete, the HTTP/1.1 message syntax. HTTP's existing semantics remain unchanged.
A framework to support managerial activities using office information systems (2003)

A broad discussion is presented of the problems and issues involved in the development of integrated office systems to support higher-level tasks of managers. The authors provide conceptual integration by establishing a framework for the office activities of managers. They discuss the technological integration of disparate office systems through architecture and design of an integrated office information system (IOIS). The IOIS described was developed from the integration of four IOISs at the University of Arizona: the integrated spreadsheet-based inferencing systems (ISBIS); Plexsys planning software (Plexware); the Resource Management Expert (RME); and an intelligent mail system (AIMAIL).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Increases in Drug and Opioid Overdose Deaths — United States, 2000–2014 (2015)

The United States is experiencing an epidemic of drug overdose (poisoning) deaths. Since 2000, the rate of deaths from drug overdoses has increased 137%, including a 200% increase in the rate of overdose deaths involving opioids (opioid pain relievers and heroin). CDC analyzed recent multiple cause-of-death mortality data to examine current trends and characteristics of drug overdose deaths, including the types of opioids associated with drug overdose deaths. During 2014, a total of 47,055 drug overdose deaths occurred in the United States, representing a 1-year increase of 6.5%, from 13.8 per 100,000 persons in 2013 to 14.7 per 100,000 persons in 2014. The rate of drug overdose deaths increased significantly for both sexes, persons aged 25-44 years and ≥55 years, non-Hispanic whites and non-Hispanic blacks, and in the Northeastern, Midwestern, and Southern regions of the United States. Rates of opioid overdose deaths also increased significantly, from 7.9 per 100,000 in 2013 to 9.0 per 100,000 in 2014, a 14% increase. Historically, CDC has programmatically characterized all opioid pain reliever deaths (natural and semisynthetic opioids, methadone, and other synthetic opioids) as "prescription" opioid overdoses (1). Between 2013 and 2014, the age-adjusted rate of death involving methadone remained unchanged; however, the age-adjusted rate of death involving natural and semisynthetic opioid pain relievers, heroin, and synthetic opioids, other than methadone (e.g., fentanyl) increased 9%, 26%, and 80%, respectively. The sharp increase in deaths involving synthetic opioids, other than methadone, in 2014 coincided with law enforcement reports of increased availability of illicitly manufactured fentanyl, a synthetic opioid; however, illicitly manufactured fentanyl cannot be distinguished from prescription fentanyl in death certificate data. These findings indicate that the opioid overdose epidemic is worsening. There is a need for continued action to prevent opioid abuse, dependence, and death, improve treatment capacity for opioid use disorders, and reduce the supply of illicit opioids, particularly heroin and illicit fentanyl.
Was ist ein Verein? (2007)

Ein Blick in den Lokalteil der Samstagszeitung genügt, um einen Eindruck von den vielfältigen Aktivitäten der Vereine zu gewinnen. So fährt am Sonntagmorgen der Männerkegelclub „Die rollende Kugel e.V.“ an die Weser, der Museumsverein organisiert einen historischen Stadtspaziergang, und in der „Linde“ kann man sich bei einem Dia-Vortrag mit anschließender Diskussion, organisiert von der lokalen Sektion des Alpenvereins, über Fauna und Flora in Bozen informieren. Die Mehrheit der Bundesbürger ist Mitglied in zumindest einem Verein; und jeder von uns hat wenigstens schon einmal an einer Veranstaltung eines Vereins teilgenommen. Oft haben wir es vielleicht gar nicht bemerkt, dass es sich bei der betreffenden Veranstaltung um die eines Vereins handelte. Oder bringen Sie Wahlkämpfe, Parteiversammlung und Parteibroschüren mit Vereinsarbeit in Verbindung? Politische Parteien sind aber in Deutschland traditionell als Vereine organisiert. Dieses Beispiel genügt schon, um zu zeigen, welches breite Spektrum von Organisationen und Aktivitäten durch Vereine abgedeckt wird.
An image processing method to detect road surface condition using optical spatial frequency (2002)

A road surface recognition method at fixed positions on the road is presented, with which a light source and a CCD camera are employed. The method has a certain optical configuration and two factors: road gloss and spatial frequency spectra of the road surface. Experimental results show that the road surface conditions that were expected to be discriminated in cold districts were recognized. Therefore, the method should be very useful for a traffic information system.
D-Galactose as a Vector for Prodrug Design (2011)

D-galactose is a simple and natural compound that has mainly been exploited in prodrug strategies. Galactosyl prodrugs can be considered a good approach to reach different goals in clinical drug application, especially when traditional drugs are likely to fail therapeutically owing to reasons such as the lack of site specificity, toxicity, and chemical instability. Indeed, of paramount importance is their ability to increase the selectivity of the parent compound, a phenomenon that helps to reduce the incidence of adverse effects, while preserving intact the pharmacodynamic features of the parent drug. Study results have varied according to the type of linkage between the drug and the hydroxyl group exploited. By working with these parameters, researchers have been able not only to generate selective pharmacological targeting of brain, liver, and cancerous cells, but also to improve cellular permeability as well as the pharmacokinetic profile of parent drugs. This review describes the broad spectrum of possibilities for exploiting D-galactose as a vector for prodrug design and the synthetic strategies that allow its realization.
Interpreting Aerodynamics of a Transonic Impeller from Static Pressure Measurements (2018)

This paper investigates the aerodynamics of a transonic impeller using static pressure measurements. The impeller is a high-speed, high-pressure-ratio wheel used in small gas turbine engines. The experiment was conducted on the single stage centrifugal compressor facility in the compressor research laboratory at Purdue University. Data were acquired from choke to near-surge at four different corrected speeds (Nc) from 80% to 100% design speed, which covers both subsonic and supersonic inlet conditions. Details of the impeller flow field are discussed using data acquired from both steady and time-resolved static pressure measurements along the impeller shroud. The flow field is compared at different loading conditions, from subsonic to supersonic inlet conditions. The impeller performance was strongly dependent on the inducer, where the majority of relative diffusion occurs. The inducer diffuses flow more efficiently for inlet tip relative Mach numbers close to unity, and the performance diminishes at other Mach numbers. Shock waves emerging upstream of the impeller leading edge were observed from 90% to 100% corrected speed, and they move towards the impeller trailing edge as the inlet tip relative Mach number increases. There is no shock wave present in the inducer at 80% corrected speed. However, a high-loss region near the inducer throat was observed at 80% corrected speed resulting in a lower impeller efficiency at subsonic inlet conditions.
Data Mining for Malicious Code Detection and Security Applications (2009)

Data mining is the process of posing queries and extracting patterns, often previously unknown from large quantities of data using pattern matching or other reasoning techniques. Data mining has many applications in security including for national security as well as for cyber security. The threats to national security include attacking buildings, destroying critical infrastructures such as power grids and telecommunication systems. Data mining techniques are being investigated to find out who the suspicious people are and who is capable of carrying out terrorist activities. Cyber security is involved with protecting the computer and network systems against corruption due to Trojan horses, worms and viruses. Data mining is also being applied to provide solutions such as intrusion detection and auditing. The first part of the presentation will discuss my joint research with Prof. Latifur Khan and our students at the University of Texas at Dallas on data mining for cyber security applications For example; anomaly detection techniques could be used to detect unusual patterns and behaviors. Link analysis may be used to trace the viruses to the perpetrators. Classification may be used to group various cyber attacks and then use the profiles to detect an attack when it occurs. Prediction may be used to determine potential future attacks depending in a way on information learnt about terrorists through email and phone conversations. Data mining is also being applied for intrusion detection and auditing. Other applications include data mining for malicious code detection such as worm detection and managing firewall policies. This second part of the presentation will discuss the various types of threats to national security and describe data mining techniques for handling such threats. Threats include non real-time threats and real-time threats. We need to understand the types of threats and also gather good data to carry out mining and obtain useful results. The challenge is to reduce false positives and false negatives. The third part of the presentation will discuss some of the research challenges. We need some form of real-time data mining, that is, the results have to be generated in real-time, we also need to build models in real-time for realtime intrusion detection. Data mining is also being applied for credit card fraud detection and biometrics related applications. While some progress has been made on topics such as stream data mining, there is still a lot of work to be done here. Another challenge is to mine multimedia data including surveillance video. Finally, we need to maintain the privacy of individuals. Much research has been carried out on privacy preserving data mining. In summary, the presentation will provide an overview of data mining, the various types of threats and then discuss the applications of data mining for malicious code detection, cyber security and national security. Then we will discuss the consequences to privacy.
Lineage Tracing Reveals Lgr5 <sup>+</sup> Stem Cell Activity in Mouse Intestinal Adenomas (2012)

The concept that tumors are maintained by dedicated stem cells, the so-called cancer stem cell hypothesis, has attracted great interest but remains controversial. Studying mouse models, we provide direct, functional evidence for the presence of stem cell activity within primary intestinal adenomas, a precursor to intestinal cancer. By "lineage retracing" using the multicolor Cre-reporter R26R-Confetti, we demonstrate that the crypt stem cell marker Lgr5 (leucine-rich repeat-containing heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein-coupled receptor 5) also marks a subpopulation of adenoma cells that fuel the growth of established intestinal adenomas. These Lgr5(+) cells, which represent about 5 to 10% of the cells in the adenomas, generate additional Lgr5(+) cells as well as all other adenoma cell types. The Lgr5(+) cells are intermingled with Paneth cells near the adenoma base, a pattern reminiscent of the architecture of the normal crypt niche.
Cortical dendritic pathology in human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis. (1992)

Previous neuropathological and morphometric studies of the cerebral cortex of patients with human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis (HIVE) have shown a decrease in the population of large neurons, moderate loss in synaptophysin immunoreactivity, and pathological changes in dendrites. To further characterize and quantify alterations in the dendritic tree of neocortical pyramidal neurons, we performed a modified Golgi impregnation technique on Formalin fixed blocks from the frontal cortex of 5 HIVE cases, 5 human immunodeficiency virus seropositive control cases without encephalitis, and 5 human immunodeficiency virus seronegative controls. Apical dendrites of HIVE cases were dilated, vacuolated, and tortuous with decreased length and branching. Basal and oblique dendrites also showed these alterations, but to a lesser extent. Some dendrites presented lacunae and filopodia consistent with remodeling. Computer aided quantification of HIVE cases showed a 40-60% decrease in spine density throughout the entire length of dendrites. Laser confocal imaging of Golgi impregnated sections displayed aberrant spines in regions of abnormal second order dendritic branches. These observations support the role of primary dendritic damage in HIVE in contrast to other neurodegenerative disorders where the primary pathology is presynaptic.
Synthesis of Star-Shaped Polystyrene by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Using an “Arm First” Approach (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTSynthesis of Star-Shaped Polystyrene by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Using an "Arm First" ApproachJianhui Xia, Xuan Zhang, and Krzysztof MatyjaszewskiView Author Information Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 Cite this: Macromolecules 1999, 32, 13, 4482–4484Publication Date (Web):June 3, 1999Publication History Received12 January 1999Revised5 May 1999Published online3 June 1999Published inissue 1 June 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma9900378https://doi.org/10.1021/ma9900378rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2626Altmetric-Citations257LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Hydrocarbons,Radical polymerization,Reagents,Star polymers Get e-Alerts
NON-RIGID REGISTRATION AND CORRESPONDENCE FINDING IN MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS USING MULTIPLE-LAYER FLEXIBLE MESH TEMPLATE MATCHING (2003)

In this paper we present a novel technique for non-rigid medical image registration and correspondence finding based on a multiple-layer flexible mesh template matching technique. A statistical anatomical model is built in the form of a tetrahedral mesh, which incorporates both shape and density properties of the anatomical structure. After the affine transformation and global deformation of the model are computed by optimizing an energy function, a multiple-layer flexible mesh template matching is applied to find the vertex correspondence and achieve local deformation. The multiple-layer structure of the template can be used to describe different scale of anatomical features; furthermore, the template matching is flexible which makes the correspondence finding robust. A leave-one-out validation has been conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of our method.
Known Predators of Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (Acanthaster spp.) and Their Role in Mitigating, If Not Preventing, Population Outbreaks (2017)

Predatory release has long been considered a potential contributor to population outbreaks of crown-of-thorns starfish (CoTS; Acanthaster spp.). This has initiated extensive searches for potentially important predators that can consume large numbers of CoTS at high rates, which are also vulnerable to over-fishing or reef degradation. Herein, we review reported predators of CoTS and assess the potential for these organisms to exert significant mortality, and thereby prevent and/or moderate CoTS outbreaks. In all, 80 species of coral reef organisms (including fishes, and motile and sessile invertebrates) are reported to predate on CoTS gametes (three species), larvae (17 species), juveniles (15 species), adults (18 species) and/or opportunistically feed on injured (10 species) or moribund (42 species) individuals within reef habitats. It is clear however, that predation on early life-history stages has been understudied, and there are likely to be many more species of reef fishes and/or sessile invertebrates that readily consume CoTS gametes and/or larvae. Given the number and diversity of coral reef species that consume Acanthaster spp., most of which (e.g., Arothron pufferfishes) are not explicitly targeted by reef-based fisheries, links between overfishing and CoTS outbreaks remain equivocal. There is also no single species that appears to have a disproportionate role in regulating CoTS populations. Rather, the collective consumption of CoTS by multiple different species and at different life-history stages is likely to suppress the local abundance of CoTS, and thereby mediate the severity of outbreaks. It is possible therefore, that general degradation of reef ecosystems and corresponding declines in biodiversity and productivity, may contribute to increasing incidence or severity of outbreaks of Acanthaster spp. However, it seems unlikely that predatory release in and of itself could account for initial onset of CoTS outbreaks. In conclusion, reducing anthropogenic stressors that reduce the abundance and/or diversity of potential predatory species represents a “no regrets” management strategy, but will need to be used in conjunction with other management strategies to prevent, or reduce the occurrence, of CoTS outbreaks.
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis of Trout: I. A Tissue-Culture Study (1960)

(1960). Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis of Trout: I. A Tissue-Culture Study. The Progressive Fish-Culturist: Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 64-68.