gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Expression of Cholinergic Neuronal Phenotypic Markers in Neuroblastoma LA‐N‐2 (1993)

Cholinergic neurons in PNS and CNS are identified by the presence of choline acetyltransferase and the accumulation of choline by a high-affinity, sodium-coupled choline transporter to be used for acetylcholine synthesis. It appears that expression of choline acetyltransferase can be altered by several physiological conditions, including hormones and trophic factors, but little is known about control of expression of the sodium-coupled choline carrier or whether these two phenotypic markers are regulated similarly. In the present study, the cholinergic human neuroblastoma LA-N-2 was used to investigate regulation of expression of choline acetyltransferase and choline uptake activity associated with differentiation and neurite extension. Cells grown in serum-containing basal medium maintained a relatively undifferentiated morphology, expressed low levels of choline acetyltransferase activity, and accumulated choline by a sodium-dependent process followed by conversion to acetylcholine. Transfer of cells to an enriched, serum-free defined medium resulted in morphological and neurochemical differentiation, with an enhancement of cholinergic phenotype. Hemicholinium-sensitive choline uptake activity was increased about sixfold over a 4-day period, with no change in choline acetyltransferase or acetylcholinesterase specific activity. Acetylcholine synthesis was increased in parallel with the changes in choline accumulation; choline metabolism in the differentiated cells differed significantly from that observed in the undifferentiated cells, with proportionally less converted to phosphorylcholine and proportionally more remaining as unmetabolized choline and converted to acetylcholine. The enhanced choline accumulation appeared to be mediated by an increased number of choline carriers, demonstrated by increased binding of the affinity ligand [3H]-choline mustard to the transporter and by an increased Vmax for the uptake process. The increased expression of the transport function appeared to be under transcriptional control, as the enhancement of uptake was blocked by the RNA polymerase II inhibitor alpha-amanitin as well as by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. These results show that expression of sodium-coupled choline carriers and choline acetyltransferase may be regulated separately in the differentiating neuroblastoma LA-N-2 and that neurotransmitter synthesis is controlled by provision of precursor rather than at the level of the biosynthetic enzyme.
Pollen Characteristics of African Species of Vernonia (1969)

During a taxonomic study of the species of section Stengelia of the Composite genus, Vernonia, pollen of a number of species was examined.
Automated Vulnerability Detection in Source Code Using Deep Representation Learning (2018)

Increasing numbers of software vulnerabilities are discovered every year whether they are reported publicly or discovered internally in proprietary code. These vulnerabilities can pose serious risk of exploit and result in system compromise, information leaks, or denial of service. We leveraged the wealth of C and C++ open-source code available to develop a largescale function-level vulnerability detection system using machine learning. To supplement existing labeled vulnerability datasets, we compiled a vast dataset of millions of open-source functions and labeled it with carefully-selected findings from three different static analyzers that indicate potential exploits. Using these datasets, we developed a fast and scalable vulnerability detection tool based on deep feature representation learning that directly interprets lexed source code. We evaluated our tool on code from both real software packages and the NIST SATE IV benchmark dataset. Our results demonstrate that deep feature representation learning on source code is a promising approach for automated software vulnerability detection.
All-fiber bandpass filter with adjustable transmission using cladding-mode coupling (1998)

We demonstrate an all-fiber bandpass filter with 2-nm bandwidth and more than 25 dB of nonresonant light suppression (ignoring sidelobes) in a 60-nm-wide spectral range around its central wavelength. This novel device uses a pair of long-period gratings to couple resonant light from the fiber core into the cladding and then back into the core. The amplitude transmission through the filter is dynamically adjustable over a 20-dB range.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Series of New Luminescent NHC‐Coordinated Au<sup>I</sup>–Ag<sup>I</sup> Tetra‐ and Polymetallic Complexes Containing Benzoate‐Bridged Ag<sub>2</sub> Dimers (2009)

Abstract The reaction of [Au(CH 3 impy) 2 ]PF 6 ( 2 ), with substituted silver benzoate salts bearing different halide substituents produced a series of new mixed‐metal species having two different structural motifs. One structural motif contains discrete tetrametallic Ag 2 Au 2 diamond cores, whereas the other motif contains the same tetrametallic diamond core interconnected by benzoate‐bridged silver dimers to form polymers. All the complexes are substitution‐inert and stable both in the solid state as well as in solution. We also report the synthesis of oxidative addition products of [Au(CH 3 impy) 2 ]PF 6 , which were also obtained during our attempts to oxidize the above‐mentioned multimetallic assembly with bromine and iodine. Compounds 3 – 7 are intensely luminescent in frozen acetonitrile solution, but surprisingly no luminescence is observed at room temperature. All the complexes were completely characterized by 1 H, 13 C NMR, electronic absorption, emission spectroscopy, elemental analysis and X‐ray crystallography. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Current-Induced Excitations in Single Cobalt Ferromagnetic Layer Nanopillars (2004)

Current-induced excitations in Cu/Co/Cu single ferromagnetic layer nanopillars ( approximately 50 nm in diameter) have been studied experimentally as a function of Co layer thickness at low temperatures for large applied fields perpendicular to the layers. For asymmetric junctions current-induced excitations are observed at high current densities for only one polarity of the current and are absent at the same current densities in symmetric junctions. These observations confirm recent predictions of spin-transfer torque induced spin-wave excitations in single layer junctions with a strong asymmetry in the spin accumulation in the leads.
Genetic suppression and phenotypic masking of a <i>Myxococcus xanthus frzF</i><sup>‐</sup> defect (1995)

An insertion of transposon Tn5-lac, omega 4519, generates a lacZ fusion with a Myxococcus xanthus promoter expressed during both vegetative growth and development. Sequence analysis of the junction of omega 4519 with M. xanthus DNA shows that the insertion is in frzF, a homologue of cheR from Salmonella typhimurium. When frzF- (or frzCD-) cells are starved for nutrients at modest densities, they aggregate to form a radial pattern and produce fewer than 1% of the wild-type complement of spores. At higher densities, frzF::omega 4519 cells form 'frizzy' aggregates and produce 80-90% of the wild-type complement of spores. In contrast, when cells with both a frzF- (or frzCD-) and an sglA1 mutation are allowed to develop at either low or high cell densities, they produce frizzy aggregates containing a near wild-type complement of heat-resistant spores. In addition to suppressing the density dependence of fruiting-body morphogenesis, the sglA1 mutation also suppresses the sporulation defect caused by two different frzF- mutations and a frzCD- mutation. In contrast, a mutation in a different S motility gene, sglG1, does not suppress the frz- mutations. Thus, the suppression of frz- mutations by sgl- mutations is allele-specific, and depends on the sgl allele, but not the frz allele. Because the phenotypes of frz- mutations have been determined in a (suppressing) sglA1 genetic background, the frz genes may play more central roles in development than initially recognized.
The Isolation Rate of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 in Toronto and Surrounding Communities (1990)

Verocytotoxin-producing strains of Escherichia coli, most often serotype 0157:H7, have been associated with both sporadic and epidemic diarrheal disease in Canada. In order to determine the isolation rate of E coli 0157:H7 in outpatients with diarrhea, all stool specimens submitted for culture to Med-Chem Laboratories in Metropolitan Toronto between June 1988 and September 1989 were cultured on MacConkey-Sorbitol agar in addition to standard enteric media. A total of 46 (0.3%) of 16,125 stool specimens yielded E coli 0157:H7 or verotoxin-producing E coli 0157:H(-). These isolates came from 31 patients with diarrhea; only 16 (52%) had a history of hemorrhagic colitis and one patient developed hemolytic uremic syndrome. Although MacConkey-Sorbitol agar was useful as a differential medium for detecting E coli 0157:H7, 14.5% of all specimens yielded nonsorbitol-fermenting isolates. It is not certain whether the routine use of MacConkey-Sorbitol agar is justified when isolation rates of E coli 0157:117 are very low.
Rotational CARS: a comparison of different techniques with emphasis on accuracy in temperature determination (1989)

Different rotational CARS techniques have been evaluated in terms of single-shot temperature accuracy and signal intensity in room temperature nitrogen and in flames. The different techniques include both dual broadband techniques, using one or two broadband dye lasers, and conventional rotational CARS with different dye lasers. These techniques are also compared with vibrational CARS concerning temperature accuracy and with theoretical predictions. The results indicate that the dual broadband techniques are to be preferred over conventional rotational CARS and also over vibrational CARS at room temperature. At flame temperatures the vibrational CARS technique seems to be the technique yielding highest temperature accuracy. The experimental results are also generally in good agreement with the calculated values.
[Extensive genetic analysis of clinical tuberculosis isolates and analysis of host factors to evaluate rapid development of multidrug resistance during initial treatment]. (2013)

There was no evidence of reinfection or polyclonal infection. The strain belonged to a sublineage of the Beijing genotype that is a common precipitating cause of MDR-TB due to this genotype. The patient had diabetes mellitus and was thus vulnerable to the development of resistance. Factors associated with both the host and bacteria, therefore, contributed to the development of resistance in this case, which seemed to result in the rapid development of MDR-TB.
Electronic mechanism of hardness enhancement in transition metalcarbonitrides (1998)

Abstract Transition-metal carbides and nitrides are hard materials widely used for cutting tools and wear-resistant coatings. Their hardness is not yet understood at a fundamental level. A clue may lie in the puzzling fact that transition-metal carbonitrides that have the rock-salt structure (such as TiCxN1−x) have the greatest hardness for a valence-electron concentration of about 8.4 per cell1, 2, 3, which suggests that the hardness may be determined more by the nature of the bonding than by the conventional microstructural features that determine the hardness of structural metals and alloys. To investigate this possibility, we have evaluated the shear modulus of various transition-metal carbides and nitrides using ab initio pseudopotential calculations. Our results show that the behaviour of these materials can be understood on a fundamental level in terms of their electronic band structure. The unusual hardness originates from a particular band of σ bonding states between the non-metal p orbitals and the metal d orbitals that strongly resists shearing strain or shape change. Filling of these states is completed at a valence-electron concentration of about 8.4, and any additional electrons would go into a higher band which is unstable against shear deformations.
PDIO: High-Performance Remote File I/O for Portals-Enabled Compute Nodes. (2006)

middleware infrastructure for writing data from compute processor memory on Portals-enabled compute nodes to remote agents anywhere on the WAN in realtime. The prototype implementation provided a means for aggregation of outgoing data through multiple loadbalanced routing daemons, end-to-end parallel data streams through externally connected “I/O nodes”, and a bandwidth feedback mechanism for stability and robustness. It was used by one research group, demonstrated live at several conferences, and shown to deliver bandwidths of up to 800 Mbit/sec. Although the prototype met the initial design requirements for the target application, it had some limitations due to the special-purpose nature of that design. Based on experiences with that implementation, the beta version now under development has a number of interface, functionality and performance enhancements. We present the motivations for this infrastructure and the revisions that should make it a general purpose solution for users on PSC’s Cray XT3 and other compute platforms. Index Terms—computer input-output, data communication, data handling
Postirradiation Glucan Administration Enhances the Radioprotective Effects of WR-2721 (1989)

Based on murine survival studies, endogenous hemopoietic spleen colony formation (E-CFU), and recovery of bone marrow and splenic granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFC), it was demonstrated that the postirradiation administration of glucan, an immunomodulator and hemopoietic stimulant, enhances the radioprotective effects of WR-2721. LD50/30 dose reduction factors for mice treated with WR-2721 (200 mg/kg approximately 30 min before irradiation), glucan (250 mg/kg approximately 1 h after irradiation), or both agents were 1.37, 1.08, and 1.52, respectively. Enhanced survival in mice treated with both agents appeared to be due in part to glucan's ability to accelerate hemopoietic regeneration from stem cells initially protected from radiation-induced lethality by WR-2721. Following a 10-Gy radiation exposure, E-CFU numbers in mice treated with saline, WR-2721, glucan, or both WR-2721 and glucan were 0.05 +/- 0.03, 6.70 +/- 1.05, 0.95 +/- 0.24, and 33.90 +/- 2.96, respectively. Similarly, bone marrow and splenic GM-CFC numbers were greater in mice treated with both WR-2721 and glucan than in mice treated with either agent alone. These results demonstrated at least additive radioprotective effects when mice were given WR-2721 prior to irradiation and glucan following irradiation. These effects appeared to depend on the sequential cell protection mediated by WR-2721 and hemopoietic repopulation mediated by glucan.
Unconstrained Facial Recognition Systems: A Review (2015)

Face recognition presents a challenging problem in the field of image analysis and computer vision, and as such has received a great deal of attention over the last few years because of its applications in various domains. Face recognition under controlled environment that is where pose, illumination and other factors are controlled, has well been developed in the literature and near perfection accuracy results have been achieved. However, the unconstrained counterpart, where these factors are not controlled, still under heavy research. Recently, newly developed algorithms in the field that are based on deep learning technology have made significant progress. In this paper, an overview of the newly developed unconstrained facial recognition systems is presented.
Quality factor enhancement in Lamb wave resonators utilizing butterfly-shaped AlN plates (2014)

A novel technique to enhance the quality factor (Q) of Lamb wave resonator by utilizing an aluminum nitride (AlN) plate formed in a butterfly shape is investigated in this paper. In the conventional design, the Q's of the micromachined Lamb wave resonators are largely harmed by the energy dissipation through the support tethers. The finite element analysis (FEA) simulation results show that the butterfly-shaped topology can efficiently change the displacement field in the AlN plate and reduce the vibration in the support tethers. The unloaded Q of the resonator is raised from 3,360 to 4,758 by simply using of the butterfly-shaped AlN plate with a tether-to-plate angle α = 59°, representing a 1.42× increase. The experimental Q's are also in good agreement with the anchor loss Q's computed using the PML-based FEA method.
Organosulfur Chemistry in Asymmetric Synthesis (2008)

Asymmetric synthesis of chiral sulfinates Asymmetric synthesis of chiral sulfoxides Asymmetric Transformations Mediated by Sulfinyl Groups Synthesis and use of chiral dithioacetal derivatives Synthesis and use of chiral ylids Synthesis and use of chiral sulfoximines Synthesis and use of chiral sulfinamides Use of chiral sulfoxides as ligands in catalysis Sulfones in asymmetric catalysis Asymmetric reactions of alpha-sulfenyl carbanions Asymmetric reactions of alpha-sulfinyl carbanions Asymmetric reactions of alpha-sulfonyl carbanions Theoretical studies of asymmetric reactions with sulfur reagents
Integrative Deep Sequencing of the Mouse Lung Transcriptome Reveals Differential Expression of Diverse Classes of Small RNAs in Response to Respiratory Virus Infection (2011)

Most studies examining the host transcriptional response to infection focus only on protein-coding genes. However, mammalian genomes transcribe many short and long non-protein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). With the advent of deep-sequencing technologies, systematic transcriptome analysis of the host response, including analysis of ncRNAs of different sizes, is now possible. Using this approach, we recently discovered widespread differential expression of host long (>200 nucleotide [nt]) ncRNAs in response to virus infection. Here, the samples described in the previous report were again used, but we sequenced another fraction of the transcriptome to study very short (about 20 to 30 nt) ncRNAs. We demonstrated that virus infection also altered expression of many short ncRNAs of diverse classes. Putting the results of the two studies together, we show that small RNAs may also play an important role in regulating the host response to virus infection.
Computer Assisted Knee Surgery:<i>Diagnostics and Planning of Knee Surgery</i> (1997)

Cruciate ligament rupture, a common injury among young active adults, disrupts the knee's complex movement and often leads to premature degenerative arthritis of the joint. Prosthetic cruciate ligaments can be used for replacement but often fail owing to incorrect surgical placement. To aid in die planning of cruciate prosthetic substitution, a computerized system has been developed to provide the surgeon with a virtual interface allowing accurate visualization of three-dimensional (3D) bone structure and movement normally hidden beneath layers of soft tissue.Preoperatively, precise in vivo kinematics are quantified with the help of 3D medical images. Three-dimensional imagery techniques based on computed tomography (CT) have been developed to obtain accurate 3D reconstruction of knee geometry preoperatively. The system allows the surgeon to know the real-time spatial position of the patient via magnetic position and orientation sensors attached noninvasively onto the femur and tibia via a new attachment system. An interactive computer program has been developed to allow the user to simulate different prosthetic ligament insertions and compute elongation, bending, and torsion values that will be imposed on the prosthesis. Through comparison with cadaver studies and a perturbation analysis, the system is shown to be sufficiently accurate to predict certain in vivo ligament bending and torsion deformations.
Properties and industrial applications of sophorolipids (2010)

Abstract Sophorolipids are glycolipids that can be produced by bioconversion of native and renewable feedstocks such as rapeseed oil. These attractive surfactants combine green chemistry and a lower carbon footprint without the undesirable side products or environmental downsides associated with many market reference surfactants. Sophorolipids are reported to be fully biodegradable and to have a low acute toxicity. This study demonstrates that they do not affect Daphnia reproduction, and that the chronic toxicity is an order of magnitude lower than that of reference surfactants, with a no‐observed‐effect concentration (NOEC) of 11.3 mg/L as compared to approximately 1 mg/L. Their minimum surface tension was found to be 32.1–34.2 mN/m depending on the method used. Sophorolipids are shown to be useful in hard surface cleaning and automatic dishwashing rinse aid formulations. This is attributed in part to their low foaming profile combined with their surface activity properties, which are of potential interest in additional applications. They combine an outstanding environmental profile with excellent performance, and are thus suitable for use in commercial household products.
Increase in gene expression by respiratory‐deficient mutation (1989)

Respiratory-deficient mutants (rho- cells) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae produced about 10 times as much human (h-) lysozyme as did wild-type strains (rho+ cells) when the GAL10 promoter was used in an expression plasmid with the h-lysozyme gene. Introduction of intact mitochondria into the rho- cells resulted in a significant decrease in the production of h-lysozyme, indicating that the rho- mutation increased the expression of the h-lysozyme gene. The copy number of the expression plasmid was not responsible for the increased expression. The level of h-lysozyme mRNA in the rho- cells was also much higher than that in the rho+ cells especially at the stationary phase. The increased expression of the h-lysozyme gene was also observed when a glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene promoter and the PHO5 promoter were used in the expression plasmid. The rho- mutation also increased the expression of the PHO5 gene under the control of the HIS5 promoter in a plasmid and the ACT1 gene in the yeast chromosome, but did not increase the expression of the ribosomal RNA gene. In contrast to the rho- mutants, pet mutants did not show higher gene expression compared with wild-type strains.
Dogma and Mysticism in Early Christianity: Epiphanius of Cyprus and the Legacy of Origen (1993)

Reviewed Book: Dechow, Jon F. Dogma and Mysticism in Early Christianity: Epiphanius of Cyprus and the Legacy of Origen. Macon, Ga: Mercer Univ Press, 1988.
Fiber channel (FCS)/ATM interworking: a design solution (2002)

The paper addresses the main functions of a gateway between the fibre channel standard (FCS) and an ATM network. The fibre channel provides a general transport vehicle for upper layer protocols such as the intelligent peripheral interface (IPI), small computer system interface (SCSI), high-performance parallel interface (HIPPI) data framing and others at scalable speeds of 265 Mbit/s, 531 Mbit/s and 1.06 Gbit/s. ATM wide area networks will provide cell based transmission and switching at rates of 155 Mbit/s and above. The paper describes design solutions to obtain very high throughput using hardware processing and careful protocol functions relaying between the two standards.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>