gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence on pH of vehicle containing glycerin used with calcium hydroxide (2003)

- The pH values of the external aqueous medium, relative to the roots of 41 human premolar teeth filled with Ca(OH)2 in to several vehicles, were evaluated in the present study. After root canal biomechanical preparation and smear-layer removal, the teeth were stored individually, immersed in flasks containing 800 ml of ultra-pure deionized water for a period of 118 days. A pH meter was used to analyse the pH values as a function of time. The measurements were divided into phase 1: dissolution, in which all canals remained empty and open in the absence of medicament for 48 days, and phase 2: diffusion, in which the specimens were divided into 10 groups which consisted of three control groups: group 1, water control; group 2, sealing control; and group 3, opened canal dissolution control, and seven experimental groups, with five teeth each, whose canals were filled with Ca(OH)2 paste associated with the following vehicles: group 4, saline solution; group 5, polyethylene glycol (Calen); group 6, glycerin and parachlorophenol (PMCC); group 7, PMCC; group 8, glycerin; group 9, glycerin and formo cresol (FC); and group 10, anesthetic solution. This phase lasted for 70 days. A total of 1058 measurements of the pH values were made. Regression analysis was used for statistical evaluation. The results show that all groups containing polyol in the composition of the paste had a trend to acidification in the interval between filling and 14 days later (therapeutic period) and, at the end of the experiment (1687 h to 70 days after canal filling), the pH was slightly alkaline. We conclude that polyhydroxy alcohol (glycerin and polyethylene glycol, Calen) diffusion enhances acidification of the aqueous medium.
Distinct Patterns of NCAM Expression Are Associated with Defined Stages of Murine Hair Follicle Morphogenesis and Regression (1998)

Hair follicle development, growth (anagen), and regression (catagen) largely result from bidirectional epithelial-mesenchymal interactions whose molecular basis is still unclear. Because adhesion molecules are critically involved in pattern formation and because the fundamental importance of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) for feather development has been demonstrated, we studied the protein expression patterns of NCAM during hair follicle development and regression in the C57BL/6 mouse model. During murine hair follicle development, NCAM immunoreactivity (IR) was first detected on epithelial hair placodes and later on selected keratinocytes in the distal outer root sheath. Mesenchymal NCAM immunoreactivity (IR) was noted on fibroblasts of the future dermal papilla (DP) and the perifollicular connective tissue sheath. Fetal hair follicle elongation coincided with strong, ubiquitous dermal NCAM IR, which remained strong until the follicles entered into their first neonatal catagen. At this time, the strong interfollicular dermal NCAM IR decreased substantially. During consecutive hair cycles, mesenchymal NCAM IR was seen exclusively on DP and perifollicular connective tissue sheath fibroblasts and on the trailing cells of regressing catagen hair follicles. These highly restricted and developmentally controlled expression patterns suggest an important role for NCAM in hair follicle topobiology during morphogenesis and cyclic remodeling of this miniorgan.
Experience with regional vaccination against swine fever in enzootic areas for limited periods using C-strain virus. (1977)

In three areas of the Netherlands with a high incidence of swine fever all pigs over two weeks old were vaccinated with the so-called "Chinese" (C)-strain of vaccine virus. The mass vaccination at the start of each compaign was supplemented thereafter by vaccination of young stock at the age of 6 to 8 weeks and of all pigs introduced from outside. In one area vaccination was pursed for three years, and in two areas for one year. Vaccination was compulsory and supported by stamping out of affected herds and the application of the usual veterinary police measures. The number of outbreaks in the vaccinated areas declined from two weeks after the start of the campaign and clinical disease had diappeared after five months. During this period outbreaks related to vaccination were diagnosed in each area. Some outbreaks were due to vaccination procedures which probably caused the spread of virus from congenitally infected litters to susceptible piglets, which had lost maternal antibodies. Only one "vaccine break" was diagnosed. Outbreaks of swine fever, due to the presence of residual virus in the designated areas, have not been reported up to two years after vaccination was discontinued. The campaigns have shown that swine fever can be eradicated from enzootic areas by a strict vaccination regime pursued for one year.
Spectroscopy of Hydrothermal Solutions 18:  pH-Dependent Kinetics of Itaconic Acid Reactions in Real Time (2001)

The kinetics of decarboxylation of the α-substituted acrylic acid itaconic acid were analyzed at 280−330 °C, 275 bar, and solution pH25 = 0.8−5.75 using an FTIR spectroscopy flow reactor. As the pH was increased, the observed rate constant initially decreased to a minimum at pH25 = 1.82, then increased and reached its maximum at pH25 = 3.75, and then decreased again up to the limit of study at pH25 = 5.75. The decarboxylation rate depends on the molecular form of itaconic acid in the order of itaconate monoanion > protonated itaconic acid > neutral itaconic acid ≈ itaconate dianion. Insight into possible reasons for this trend was obtained from geometry-optimized structures using density functional theory with the B3LYP method at the 6-31+G* level.
All-Optical Gain-Clamped Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier With Improved Noise Figure and Freedom From Relaxation Oscillation (2004)

All-optical gain clamping scheme of erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) based on partial reflection of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) into the EDFA is proposed and successfully demonstrated by using a coarse wavelength division multiplexing coupler with a mirror as an ASE reflector. The proposed gain-clamped EDFA (GC-EDFA) has good gain clamping characteristics up to -12 dBm of input signal power with 1-dB gain reduction from a clamped gain of 21 dB. Thanks to noncavity structure of the proposed GC-EDFA the amplifier is free from relaxation oscillation and has 1-dB improved noise figure, compared to a previous GC-EDFA based on a ring-type optical cavity.
Chronic pain and psychedelics: a review and proposed mechanism of action (2020)

The development of chronic pain is a complex mechanism that is still not fully understood. Multiple somatic and visceral afferent pain signals, when experienced over time, cause a strengthening of certain neural circuitry through peripheral and central sensitization, resulting in the physical and emotional perceptual chronic pain experience. The mind-altering qualities of psychedelics have been attributed, through serotonin 2A (5-HT<sub>2A</sub>) receptor agonism, to 'reset' areas of functional connectivity (FC) in the brain that play prominent roles in many central neuropathic states. Psychedelic substances have a generally favorable safety profile, especially when compared with opioid analgesics. Clinical evidence to date for their use for chronic pain is limited; however, several studies and reports over the past 50 years have shown potential analgesic benefit in cancer pain, phantom limb pain and cluster headache. While the mechanisms by which the classic psychedelics may provide analgesia are not clear, several possibilities exist given the similarity between 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> activation pathways of psychedelics and the nociceptive modulation pathways in humans. Additionally, the alterations in FC seen with psychedelic use suggest a way that these agents could help reverse the changes in neural connections seen in chronic pain states. Given the current state of the opioid epidemic and limited efficacy of non-opioid analgesics, it is time to consider further research on psychedelics as analgesics in order to improve the lives of patients with chronic pain conditions.
Relationship between the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 and MDR1/P-glycoprotein in invasive breast cancers and their prognostic significance (2005)

Our studies confirmed the unfavourable prognostic significance of COX-2 and MDR1/P-gp. We also document a relationship between COX-2 and MDR1/P-gp, which suggests that COX-2 inhibitors should be investigated in trials as a treatment supplementary to chemotherapy of breast cancers.
WAVE: mobile intelligence in open networks (2002)

A novel technology called WAVE for distributed processing and control in large open systems is presented. The technology, combining mobile agent ideology with parallel processing of distributed semantic networks, may be efficiently used on a variety of system organisation levels, ranging from intelligent communication protocols to arbitrary parallel and distributed applications.
Composition of Pooled Plaque Fluid from Caries-free and Caries-positive Individuals Following Sucrose Exposure (1992)

The composition of pooled plaque fluid from five population samples was determined before and at selected times (7, 15, 30, and 60 min) after a 10% sucrose rinse. Subjects were grouped according to caries status (caries-free, CF, DMFS = 0; caries-positive, CP, DMFS > 10). Samples were also studied from white-spot surfaces and from sound surfaces of the same mouths of two additional CP groups. Plaque fluid was isolated by centrifugation and analyzed for organic acids, inorganic ions (ion chromatography), and pH (microelectrodes). Prior to sucrose exposure, plaque fluids from the CF subgroups and from sound surfaces of the CP subjects had higher pH values than samples from CP subgroups and from white-spot surfaces, respectively; the ionic compositions were otherwise similar. Starved plaque fluids were also found to be supersaturated with respect to enamel and to a significantly greater degree in the CF samples, suggesting that CF plaque fluid may have a greater remineralization potential than CP samples. Following sucrose exposure, a rapid decrease in plaque fluid pH was observed, which corresponded primarily to lactic acid production. For all times examined, mean pH and DS(En) values were lower and lactic acid concentrations were higher in the CP samples than in the CF samples; noted differences were statistically significant at 7 min for pH and DS(En), and at 7, 15, and 30 min for lactic acid. Lower values of DS(En) suggest that plaque fluid from CP subjects had a measurably greater cariogenic potential.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Isolation and Characterization of 2′-Amino-Modified RNA Aptamers for Human TNF<i>α</i> (2004)

Human tumor necrosis factor alpha (hTNFalpha), a pleiotropic cytokine with activities ranging from host defense mechanisms in infection and injury to severe toxicity in septic shock or other related diseases, is a promising target for drug screening. Using the SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) process, we isolated oligonucleotide ligands (aptamers) with high affinities for hTNFalpha. Aptamers were selected from a starting pool of 40 randomized sequences composed of about 10(15) RNA molecules. Representative aptamers were truncated to the minimal length with high affinity for hTNFalpha and were further modified by replacement of 2'-OH with 2'-F and 2'-NH2 at all ribopurine positions. These modified RNA aptamers were resistant to nuclease. The specificity of these aptamers for hTNFalpha was confirmed, and their activity to inhibit the cytotoxicity of hTNFalpha on mouse L929 cells was determined. Results demonstrated that four 2'-NH2-modified aptamers bound to hTNFalpha with high affinity and blocked the binding of hTNFalpha to its receptor, thus protecting the L929 cells from the cytotoxicity of hTNFalpha. Oligonucleotide aptamers described here are potential therapeutics and diagnostics for hTNFalpha-related diseases.
Robust adaptive segmentation of range images (1998)

We propose a novel image segmentation technique using the robust, adaptive least kth order squares (ALKS) estimator which minimizes the kth order statistics of the squares of residuals. The optimal value of k is determined from the data, and the procedure detects the homogeneous surface patch representing the relative majority of the pixels. The ALKS shows a better tolerance to structured outliers than other recently proposed similar techniques. The performance of the new, fully autonomous, range image segmentation algorithm is compared to several other methods.
Properties of meso-alpha,epsilon-diaminopimelate D-dehydrogenase from Bacillus sphaericus. (1980)

meso-alpha,epsilon-Diaminopimelate D-dehydrogenase, which has been purified to homogeneity from the extract of Bacillus sphaericus IFO 3525, has a molecular weight of about 80,000 and consists of two subunits identical in molecular weight (approximately 40,000). The enzyme has a high substrate specificity. In addition to meso-alpha,epsilon-diaminopimelate, lanthionine is deaminated by the enzyme to a far lesser extent. NADP+ is the exclusive cofactor. The pH optima were at about 10.5 for the deamination of meso-alpha,epsilon-diaminopimelate and at 7.5 for its amination. L and D isomers of alpha,epsilon-diaminopimelate and meso-alpha,delta-diaminoadipate competitively inhibit the oxidation of meso-alpha,epsilon-diaminopimelate. Initial velocity and product inhibition studies show that the reductive amination proceeds through a sequential ordered ternary-binary mechanism. NADPH binds first to the enzyme followed by L-alpha-amino-epsilon-ketopimelate and ammonia, and the products are released in the order of meso-alpha,epsilon-diaminopimelate and NADP+. The Michaelis constants are as follows: meso-alpha,epsilon-diaminopimelate (2.5 mM), NADP+ (83 micro M), NADPH (0.2 mM), L-alpha-amino-epsilon-ketopimelate (0.24 mM), and ammonia (12.5 mM). The pro-S hydrogen at C-4 of the dihydronicotinamide ring of NADPH is transferred to the substrate; the enzyme is B-stereospecific. Fluorometric study on binding of NADPH to the enzyme revealed that the enzyme contains two coenzyme binding sites per molecule.
Expression of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptor in metastatic uveal melanoma and implications for potential autocrine and paracrine tumor cell growth (2013)

We investigated the importance of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) in hepatic metastases of uveal melanoma. The expression pattern of IGF-1R in archival tissue samples of hepatic metastasis from 24 patients was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. All the samples of hepatic metastases stained positive for IGF-1R. To investigate the biological role of IGF-1R on the growth of metastatic uveal melanoma, a long-term cell line obtained from a hepatic metastasis (TJU-UM001) was evaluated. TJU-UM001 expressed cell surface IGF-1R (>90%) and proliferated in response to exogenous and endogenous insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Correlatively, anti-IGF-1R antibody completely blocked IGF-1-induced growth of TJU-UM001 cells. IGF-1 preferentially induced phosphorylation of Akt (S473) in quiescent TJU-UM001 cells, and this was blocked by anti-IGF-1R antibody. This study suggests that autocrine and paracrine mechanisms underlie IGF-1-induced growth of metastatic uveal melanoma and underscore the potential benefit of IGF-1 or IGF-1R antagonism in treatment for metastatic uveal melanoma.
Accelerating real-time LiDAR data processing using GPUs (2013)

Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensors are used for acquiring high density topographical data with extremely high spatial resolution. Many LiDAR-based applications, e.g. unmanned autonomous ground and air vehicles require realtime processing capabilities for navigation. The processing of the massive LiDAR data is time consuming due to the magnitude of the data produced and also due to the computationally iterative nature of the algorithms. Graphics Processing Units (GPU) consist of massively parallel cores, have high memory bandwidth and are being widely used as specialized hardware accelerators. A GPU-based parallel LiDAR processing algorithm is implemented with GPU specific memory architecture optimizations. The GPU implementation in this study significantly reduces the processing time of the LiDAR data as compared to CPU-based implementation.
Genomic organization of glycophorin A gene family revealed by yeast artificial chromosomes containing human genomic DNA. (1994)

Human glycophorins A, B, and E are members of the glycophorin gene family located at chromosome 4, band q31. These genes were apparently generated by two successive gene duplications, and the following evolutionary pathway was proposed based on the genomic sequences. First, the ancestral gene was duplicated, and one of the duplicated genes evolved directly into the GPA gene. Another duplicated gene acquired a 3' sequence from the precursor genomic segment and was then duplicated to yield glycophorin B and E genes (Onda, M., Kudo, S., Rearden, A., Mattei, M.-G. and Fukuda, M. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 7220-7224). Although the above hypothesis was proposed, it has been difficult to provide solid evidence for this, because no genomic clones studied encompass two members of the gene family. In this study we isolated several yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones encoding the entire region or a portion of this gene locus. The physical gene mapping was carried out by testing the presence of specific sequences using a polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, the YAC clones were digested by rare cutting restriction enzymes, and the resultant large DNA fragments were separated by pulse-field electrophoresis. Southern blot analyses of those DNA fragments were carried out using various probes encoding specific portions of glycophorin genes. The results obtained revealed that the distance between glycophorin A and B genes is almost the same as that between glycophorin B and E genes. Moreover, it was shown that no precursor genomic sequence was present in the sequences downstream from the GPB or GPE gene, suggesting that the duplication of glycophorin B/E progenitor gene was made through unequal crossing over homologous recombination. These combined results suggest that two duplication events took place tandemly to produce these three members of the glycophorin gene family.
Engineering of Ferroelectric HfO<sub>2</sub>–ZrO<sub>2</sub> Nanolaminates (2017)

In this work, the ferroelectric properties of nanolaminates made of HfO<sub>2</sub> and ZrO<sub>2</sub> were studied as a function of the deposition temperature and the individual HfO<sub>2</sub>/ZrO<sub>2</sub> layer thickness before and after electrical field cycling. The ferroelectric response was found to depend on the structure of the nanolaminates before any postdeposition annealing treatment. After annealing with a TiN cap, an "antiferroelectric-like" response was obtained from nanolaminates deposited in an amorphous state at a lower temperature, whereas a ferroelectric response was obtained from nanolaminates deposited at a higher temperature, where crystallites were detected in thick films before annealing. As the individual layer thicknesses were decreased, an increased lattice distortion and a concurrent increase in remanent polarization were observed from the nanolaminates deposited at high temperatures. After field cycling, nanolaminates deposited at lower temperatures exhibited an antiferroelectric-like to ferroelectric transition, whereas those deposited at higher temperatures exhibited a larger remanent polarization. Finally, we demonstrate that by leveraging the proper choice of process conditions and layer thickness, remanent polarizations exceeding those of the HfZrO<sub>4</sub> solid solution can be obtained.
Fabrication of Spherical Silicon Solar Cells with Semi-Light-Concentration System (2005)

A spherical Si solar cell with a semi-light-concentration system was successfully fabricated using a spherical Si crystal produced by a dropping method. The dropping method has great potential for low-waste and low-cost fabrication because the Si spheres can be made directly from dropping melted Si without the cutting and polishing processes of Si ingots. The fabricated Si spheres were generally multicrystalline due to the crystal growth through homogeneous crystal nucleation in containerless states. Spherical Si solar cells were fabricated using a Si sphere with a diameter of 1 mm as a solar cell substrate and then mounted on a reflector cup with a hexagonal aperture to complete the semi-light-concentration system. The current–voltage ( J – V ) measurement of the cell demonstrated an energy conversion efficiency of 10.4%. The key parameters for achieving higher efficiency are discussed with J – V data analysis, and quantum efficiency and laser-beam-induced current measurements.
Provenance in the Cloud: Why and How? (2012)

Abstract—Provenance is an important aspect in the ver-ification, audit trails, reproducibility, privacy and security, trust, and reliability in many fields ranging from art, food production, medical sciences, in-silico experiments, and dis-tributed computing. On the other hand, Cloud computing is the business model of distributed computing and is considered the next generation of computing and storage platforms. Cloud computing requires an extension of the architecture of distributed and parallel systems by using virtualization techniques. Key to this extensible architecture is to support properties such as compute “on demand ” and “pay as you go” model. Clouds are in use since a few years and they already ex-panded in the business domain (Amazon EC2, Microsoft Azure, IBM SmartCloud) and research environments (EUCALYPTUS, OpenNebula, Nimbus). Many research domains have already adopted Cloud technology into their existing computational and storage platforms and, thus, a shift of technology is in progress. In this paper, we present provenance description in comput-ing sciences. Then, we give an overview of Cloud architecture and answer why provenance is important for Cloud computing. We introduce a mechanism to include provenance in the Cloud which requires minimal knowledge and understanding of underlying services and architecture. Therefore, we detail the importance along with the characteristics identified and present a framework for provenance in Cloud computing. We assure trust by augmenting a Cloud infrastructure with provenance collection in a structured way and present first performance results of the extended architecture. Finally, we discuss the results and summarize challenges and open issues of provenance in Clouds. Keywords-provenance; research or open Clouds. I.
Parenteral Nutrition: Amino Acids (2017)

There is growing interest in nutrition therapies that deliver a generous amount of protein, but not a toxic amount of energy, to protein-catabolic critically ill patients. Parenteral amino acids can achieve this goal. This article summarizes the biochemical and nutritional principles that guide parenteral amino acid therapy, explains how parenteral amino acid solutions are formulated, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of different parenteral amino acid products with enterally-delivered whole protein products in the context of protein-catabolic critical illness.