gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of Human Endogenous Retrovirus K in Melanomas and Melanoma Cell Lines (2005)

The human endogenous retrovirus K family (HERV-K) comprises 30 to 50 closely related proviruses, most of which are defective. In contrast to all other human endogenous retroviruses, some HERV-K proviruses have maintained open reading frames for all viral proteins. In addition to the structural proteins Gag and Env and the reverse transcriptase, two regulatory proteins (Rec and Np9) have been described. Malignant melanoma has the highest mortality among skin cancers and is particularly aggressive. To study the expression of HERV-K, a set of seven primers was developed that allows discrimination between full-length and spliced mRNA and mRNA from deleted and undeleted proviruses. Expression of full-length mRNA from deleted and undeleted proviruses was detected in all human cells investigated. Expression of spliced env and rec was detected in a teratocarcinoma cell line, in 45% of the metastatic melanoma biopsies, and in 44% of the melanoma cell lines. In normal neonatal melanocytes, spliced rec was detected but not spliced env. Viral proteins were shown to be expressed in primary melanomas, metastases, and melanoma cell lines by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Western blot analyses using specific antisera. For the first time, antibodies against HERV-K were found in melanoma patients. Melanomas are, in addition to teratocarcinomas and human breast cancer, the third tumor type with enhanced expression of HERV-K.
Effect of Chronic Dietary Treatment with L-Tryptophan on the Development of Renal Hypertension in Rats (1988)

Chronic dietary administration of L-tryptophan (2.5 and 5.0 g/100 g food) to rats provided significant protection against the development of hypertension induced by bilateral encapsulation of the kidneys with latex envelopes. Lower doses of tryptophan (0.5 and 1.0 g/100 g food) attenuated the rate of elevation of blood pressure, but failed to maintain systolic blood pressures at levels significantly below that of untreated renal hypertensive controls. The body weight of the rats was not affected significantly by treatment with any dose of tryptophan used. Chronic treatment with tryptophan also protected against the reduced urinary concentrating ability during a 24-hour dehydration that characteristically accompanies renal encapsulation. A modest (5-8%) effect of treatment to reduce cardiac hypertrophy was also observed. The mechanism of the antihypertensive effect of tryptophan is not revealed by these studies although they rule out the possibilities that reduction in sodium intake and/or reduction in body weight may be important factors.
Interaction of duramycin with artificial and natural membranes (1985)

Duramycin is a polypeptide antibiotic (molecular weight 2012) obtained from culture filtrates of Streptomyces cinnamomeus forma azacoluta. In this work, we show that low concentrations of duramycin induced aggregation of lipid vesicles containing unsaturated phosphatidylethanolamine and unsaturated monogalactosyl diglyceride, and of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles from rabbit skeletal muscle. Furthermore, duramycin inhibited the ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake in sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles without affecting the hydrolysis of ATP or the permeability of Ca2+. Also, duramycin only inhibited the bacteriorhodopsin proton pump reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles containing phosphatidylethanolamine. We have isolated a duramycin-resistant strain of Bacillus subtilis and have mapped the location of duramycin resistance. In this strain, the secretion of protons and influx of calcium were resistant to duramycin, and its lipid composition was profoundly different from that of the parent strain. No phosphatidylethanolamine was detected in the resistant strain. Our findings are consistent with the idea that duramycin recognizes a particular membrane conformation determined by the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine or monogalactosyl diglyceride.
Transition metal azolates from metallocenes. Part 3: Polymeric manganese(II) and nickel(II) pyrazolates; synthesis, characterization, and magnetochemistry (1998)

Direct reactions of nickelocene and manganocene with molten pyrazoles in an inert atmosphere or under vacuum have led to the isolation of the following metal pyrazolate compounds: [Ni(4-Xpz) 2 ] x (where X = H, Cl and pz = pyrazolate); [M(4-Xdmpz) 2 ] x (where X = H, CH 3 , Cl, Br and M = Ni, Mn anddmpz = 3,5-dimethylpyazolate); and [Mn(4-Xpz) 2 (4-XpzH)] x (where X = Cl, Br and pzH = pyrazole). On the basis of indirect evidence all compounds are considered to have extended chain structures with metal ions linked in chains by double bridging pyrazolates. The two [Ni(4-Xpz) 2 ] x compounds are diamagnetic while all others are paramagnetic. Variable temperature magnetic susceptibility studies on the paramagnetic compounds reveal antiferromagnetic coupling between neighbouring metal ions. Analysis of the magnetic data (Hamiltonian of the form H = -2J sum Si·Sj) yields values of the exchange coupling constant J of -14 to -17 cm -1 for the [Ni(4-Xdmpz) 2 ] x compounds, -1.2 to -2.1 cm -1 for the [Mn(4-Xdmpz) 2 ] x compounds, and -0.41 cm -1 for the [Mn(4-Xpz) 2 (4-XpzH)] x compounds.Key words: nickel, manganese, manganocene, nickelocene, pyrazolates, antiferromagnetic exchange.
Multi-way Clustering on Relation Graphs (2007)

A number of real-world domains such as social networks and e-commerce involve heterogeneous data that describes relations between multiple classes of entities. Understanding the natural structure of this type of heterogeneous relational data is essential both for exploratory analysis and for performing various predictive modeling tasks. In this paper, we propose a principled multi-way clustering framework for relational data, wherein different types of entities are simultaneously clustered based not only on their intrinsic attribute values, but also on the multiple relations between the entities. To achieve this, we introduce a relation graph model that describes all the known relations between the different entity classes, in which each relation between a given set of entity classes is represented in the form of multi-modal tensor over an appropriate domain. Our multi-way clustering formulation is driven by the objective of capturing the maximal "information" in the original relation graph, i.e., accurately approximating the set of tensors corresponding to the various relations. This formulation is applicable to all Bregman divergences (a broad family of loss functions that includes squared Euclidean distance, KL-divergence), and also permits analysis of mixed data types using convex combinations of appropriate Bregman loss functions. Furthermore, we present a large family of structurally different multi-way clustering schemes that preserve various linear summary statistics of the original data. We accomplish the above generalizations by extending a recently proposed key theoretical result, namely the minimum Bregman information principle We also describe an efficient multi-way clustering algorithm based on alternate minimization that generalizes a number of other recently proposed clustering methods. Empirical results on datasets obtained from real-world domains (e.g., movie recommendations, newsgroup articles) demonstrate the generality and efficacy of our framework.
A modified direct torque control for induction motor sensorless drive (2000)

Direct torque control (DTC) is known to produce quick and robust response in AC drives. However, during steady state, notable torque, flux and current pulsations occur. They are reflected in speed estimation, speed response, and also in increased acoustical noise. This paper introduces a new direct torque and flux control based on space-vector modulation (DTC-SVM) for induction motor sensorless drives. It is able to reduce the acoustical noise, the torque, flux, current, and speed pulsations during steady state. The DTC transient merits are preserved, while better quality steady-state performance is produced in sensorless implementation for a wide speed range. The flux and torque estimator is presented and an improved voltage-current model speed observer is introduced. The proposed control topologies, simulations, implementation data, and test results with DTC and DTC-SVM are given and discussed. It is concluded that the proposed control topology produces better results for steady-state operation than the classical DTC.
TRPA1‐mediated responses in trigeminal sensory neurons: interaction between TRPA1 and TRPV1 (2009)

The transient receptor potential (TRP)A1 channel is involved in the transduction of inflammation-induced noxious stimuli from the periphery. Previous studies have characterized the properties of TRPA1 in heterologous expression systems. However, there is little information on the properties of TRPA1-mediated currents in sensory neurons. A capsaicin-sensitive subset of rat and mouse trigeminal ganglion sensory neurons was activated with TRPA1-specific agonists, mustard oil and the cannabinoid WIN55,212. Mustard oil- and WIN55,212-gated currents exhibited marked variability in their kinetics of activation and acute desensitization. TRPA1-mediated responses in neurons also possess a characteristic voltage dependency with profound outward rectification that is influenced by extracellular Ca(2+) and the type and concentration of TRPA1-specific agonists. Examination of TRPA1-mediated responses in TRPA1-containing cells indicated that the features of neuronal TRPA1 are not duplicated in cells expressing only TRPA1 and, instead, can be restored only when TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels are coexpressed. In summary, our results suggest that TRPA1-mediated responses in sensory neurons have distinct characteristics that can be accounted for by the coexpression of the TRPV1 and TRPA1 channels.
Some Changes in Information Technology Affecting Marketing in the Year 2000 (1968)

The report considers how far the year 2000 is from today, then some of the changes in the information technology one might expect, and lastly how these changes might affect marketing and its segmentation. (Author)
Particle Size in Latex (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTParticle Size in LatexA. M. Borders and R. M. PiersonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1948, 40, 8, 1473–1477Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50464a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50464a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views235Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Characterization of increased drug metabolism activity in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-treated Huh7 hepatoma cells (2009)

The objective of this study was to characterize Huh7 cells' baseline capacity to metabolize drugs and to investigate whether the drug metabolism was enhanced upon treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of major Phase I and Phase II enzymes were determined by quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and activities of major drug-metabolizing enzymes were examined using probe drugs by analysing relevant metabolite production rates. The expression levels of drug-metabolizing enzymes in control Huh7 cells were generally very low, but DMSO treatment dramatically increased the mRNA levels of most drug-metabolizing enzymes as well as other liver-specific proteins. Importantly, functionality assays confirmed concomitant increases in drug-metabolizing enzyme activity. Additionally, treatment of the Huh7 cells with 3-methylcholanthrene induced cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 expression. The results indicate that DMSO treatment of Huh7 cells profoundly enhances their differentiation state, thus improving the usefulness of this common cell line as an in vitro hepatocyte model.
ELECTRONIC CONTROL OF SPIN AND SLIDE (1971)

Viewed as control problems wheel-spin and wheel-slide are identical. Therefore a common electronic detection circuit can be used to trigger electrical and mechanical corrective devices such as air-brake dump valves. Rapid restoration of traction or braking torque as the wheel recovers can be achieved electronically by a flywheel circuit which anticipates slightly the return to full adhesion. A block diagram of the system is shown.
Development of compact half-Sierpinski fractal antenna for RFID applications (2007)

A compact half-Sierpinski fractal antenna is presented for UHF RFID applications. Taking the thickness of the substrate (177 µm) and compactness (length: width <2∶1) as constraints, the fractal antenna was studied for the highest exhibited gain. A gain close to 0 dBi (−0.64 dBi) with a return loss of less than −10 dB at 915 MHz was observed.
A SYSTEM OF ROUTE COSTING FOR THE BUS INDUSTRY (1974)

Within rural areas increased car ownership has reduced the demand for rural bus services, many of which were relatively marginal in profitability even in the peak demand years of the 1930's and early 1950's. The 1968 transport act allows local authorities to subsidise loss making but socially necessary services, with a large amount of additional support being provided by central government funds. The present route costing system has a number of faults which result in costs being relatively arbitrarily allocated. The means that profit or loss on routes may be over or under estimated. The costing system described here works on A depot basis, but may be adjusted to cope with areas where the interworking of vehicles between depots is common. The methods of calculation used are explained in some detail. For ten selected rural bus routes in Wales the profit or loss was obtained using this improved method. They differ considerably from the figures obtained using the national bus company formula. The accounting system outlined would provide a more accurate picture of the profitability of bus routes. /TRRL/
Transforming growth factor beta inhibits megakaryocyte growth and endomitosis (1992)

Using a rat bone marrow culture system, the effect of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) on megakaryocyte growth and endoreduplication has been studied. Purified human platelet TGF beta 1 inhibited the number of megakaryocytes that appeared in culture at a half-maximal concentration of 0.66 +/- 0.21 ng/mL and inhibited megakaryocyte endoreduplication at a half-maximal concentration of 0.14 +/- 0.08 ng/mL. Under identical conditions, growth of erythroid precursors was half-maximally inhibited at a concentration of 0.125 ng/mL while myeloid growth was not inhibited at concentrations of TGF beta 1 up to 25 ng/mL. These profound inhibitory effects on megakaryocyte growth and endomitosis suggested that TGF beta might play a role in megakaryocytopoiesis. Therefore, we explored the effect of TGF beta in three different experimental situations by using a neutralizing antibody to TGF beta: (1) Serum but not plasma was found to inhibit the number and ploidy of megakaryocytes that grew in vitro. This inhibitory activity was completely neutralized by antibody to TGF beta or on treatment with dithiothreitol. (2) Plasma from thrombocytotic rats was observed to decrease megakaryocyte ploidy on culture but this effect was not prevented by the addition of antibody to TGF beta. (3) Plasma from thrombocytopenic but not normal rats increased megakaryocyte ploidy on culture. Addition of antibody to TGF beta did not alter these results. Therefore, TGF beta is a potent inhibitor of the number and ploidy of megakaryocytes and accounts for all the inhibition seen when megakaryocytes are cultured in serum. However, the differences in effect on megakaryocyte growth that we observe between normal, thrombocytopenic, and thrombocytotic plasmas are not due to variations in the amount of TGF beta. Furthermore, our results show that release of TGF beta from megakaryocytes during culture does not act as an autocrine regulator of megakaryocyte ploidy in vitro.
Evidence from clinical trials and long-term observational studies that disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs slow radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis: updating a 1983 review (2002)

Earlier reports, including a comprehensive 1983 review, had indicated that slowing of radiographic progression was relatively unusual in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using traditional disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. However, in recent years, slowing of radiographic progression has been documented in a number of clinical trials, as well as long-term observational studies, with use of (in alphabetical order) adalimumab, anakinra, corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporin, etanercept, gold salts, infliximab, leflunomide, methotrexate and sulphasalazine. At this time, disease modification is a realistic goal in the clinical care of patients with RA. Documentation of improved long-term outcomes requires long-term observational data over 5-20 yr to supplement data from randomized controlled clinical trials over 6-24 months.
ROS-induced R loops trigger a transcription-coupled but BRCA1/2-independent homologous recombination pathway through CSB (2018)

Actively transcribed regions of the genome are protected by transcription-coupled DNA repair mechanisms, including transcription-coupled homologous recombination (TC-HR). Here we used reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce and characterize TC-HR at a transcribed locus in human cells. As canonical HR, TC-HR requires RAD51. However, the localization of RAD51 to damage sites during TC-HR does not require BRCA1 and BRCA2, but relies on RAD52 and Cockayne Syndrome Protein B (CSB). During TC-HR, RAD52 is recruited by CSB through an acidic domain. CSB in turn is recruited by R loops, which are strongly induced by ROS in transcribed regions. Notably, CSB displays a strong affinity for DNA:RNA hybrids in vitro, suggesting that it is a sensor of ROS-induced R loops. Thus, TC-HR is triggered by R loops, initiated by CSB, and carried out by the CSB-RAD52-RAD51 axis, establishing a BRCA1/2-independent alternative HR pathway protecting the transcribed genome.
Strategies to Query and Display Allergy-Derived Epitope Data from the Immune Epitope Database (2012)

The recognition of specific epitopes on allergens by antibodies and T cells is a key element in allergic processes. Analysis of epitope data may be of interest for basic immunopathology or for potential application in diagnostics or immunotherapy. The Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) is a freely available repository of epitope data from infectious disease agents, as well as epitopes defined for allergy, autoimmunity, and transplantation. The IEDB curates the experiments associated with each epitope and thus provides a variety of different ways to search the data. This review aims to demonstrate the utility of the IEDB and its query strategies, including searching by epitope structure (peptidic/nonpeptidic), by assay methodology, by host, by the allergen itself, or by the organism from which the allergen was derived. Links to tools for visualization of 3-D structures, epitope prediction, and analyses of B and T cell reactivity by host response frequency score are also highlighted.
Ketene Acetals. XII. The Reaction of Ketene Diethylacetal with Diazonium Salts (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKetene Acetals. XII. The Reaction of Ketene Diethylacetal with Diazonium SaltsS. M. McElvain and Arthur JelinekCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1943, 65, 11, 2236–2239Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01251a064https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01251a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Large-signal source/load-pull verification of an ST-SPICE Gummel-Poon model for RF silicon power bipolar transistors (2003)

The parameters of the ST SPICE Gummel-Poon model (ST-SGPM) were extracted from DC and multibias S-parameter measurements. The accuracy of that model in the non-linear mode of operation was investigated by comparisons with on-wafer source/load-pull measurements. It was found that the ST-SGPM, in spite of its reduced complexity, is able to predict with very high accuracy the non-linear behavior of an RF silicon power bipolar transistor even at power levels well above the 1 dB compression point. This is true even if no further optimizations were carried out to fit the large-signal measurements. Simulations of source/load-pull contours of maximum output power and power-added efficiency were also found to be in very good agreement with measured data.
Vibrations of free circular plates. Part 1: Normal modes (1938)

The normal vibrating modes of free circular plates have been determined over an interval of more than six octaves, the solid-carbon-dioxide method of excitation being used to produce the nodal figures, and a valve oscillator to measure their frequencies. It is concluded that the nodal system of ideally uniform and entirely free plates would, in accordance with theory, consist only of circles, diameters and combinations of circles and diameters. It is found that although each simple mode has its characteristic frequency, cases occur in which the difference between two or even three of these is very small, and the number of nodal diameters, which as regards raising the pitch are approximately equivalent to one nodal circle, increases from two to five, in the interval investigated, in passing from figures with relatively more circles to those with relatively more diameters. The expression, based on approximate theory, for calculating the frequencies of the higher modes, in which it is assumed that the addition of two nodal diameters increases the frequency by as much as one nodal circle, is accordingly not applicable in ordinary practice.