gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ampdes: a program for the synthesis of high-performance amplifiers (2003)

A circuit synthesis program for high-performance small-signal amplifiers, called Ampdes is described. The synthesis can be done with minimal interaction from the user: only the essential information must be given, and the program will produce a Spice net list and a TEX design report. For a typical design, this takes 30 minutes on a mini-computer. Unlike other synthesis programs, it searches in an extremely large set of possible circuits (over 1,000,000 configurations), and is not restricted to one device technology. To ensure a high rate of success in the designs, it uses mathematically sound search rules instead of heuristic ones, and accurate approximations of the circuit behavior. These features require considerable computational effort, and therefore it is necessary to use a refined search strategy to reduce the time for a design run. This strategy is also described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Channel Assignment of Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Multi-Channel Cognitive Radio Networks (2011)

In this paper, channel assignment in cooperative spectrum sensing is studied for multi-channel cognitive radio networks. Based on the information from each secondary user, e.g., primary signal-to-noise ratios over all channels, a centralized scheme is proposed, which assigns channels to different secondary users for sensing so that the number of available channels, which meet the sensing performance requirements in terms of miss detection and false alarm probabilities, can be greatly increased. By further taking the communication overhead into account, a greedy scheme is proposed to reduce the reporting information from the secondary users to the base station. The simulation results demonstrate that both schemes can significantly increase the number of available channels, while the latter also shows advantages in reducing the signaling overhead.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Heterogeneous Ceramic‐Polymer Composite Using Interpenetrating Network (2012)

Prepolymer, which can be polymerized by a photo, has been infiltrated into a porous ceramic to improve the addition effect of polymer into the ceramic, as a function of the functionality of prepolymer. It induces the increase in the mechanical properties of the ceramic. The porous alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) and the polyurethane acrylate (PUA) with a network structure by photo‐polymerization were used as the matrix and infiltration materials, respectively. The porous Al 2 O 3 matrix without the polymer shows lower values in fracture strength than the composites, since the stress is transmitted more quickly via propagation of cracks from intrinsic defects in the porous matrix. However, in the case of composites, the distribution of stress between heterophases results in the improved mechanical properties. In addition, the mechanical properties of composites, such as elastic modulus and fracture strength, are enhanced with increasing the functionality of prepolymer attributed to the crosslinking density of polymer.
Methods and appliances for the attainment of high temperatures in the laboratory. A general discussion (1917)

R. Hadfield and J. A. Harker, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1917, 12, 1 DOI: 10.1039/TF9171200001
Role of paliperidone extended-release in treatment of schizoaffective disorder (2010)

Schizoaffective disorder is characterized by the presence of symptoms of both schizophrenia and a major mood disorder. The coexistence of these symptoms can be difficult to manage, and these patients are generally treated with antipsychotics as well as mood stabilizers and/or antidepressants. Additionally, no established treatment guidelines exist for this disorder. This review describes the combined results of two international, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies of paliperidone extended-release (ER), an atypical antipsychotic recently approved in the US for the treatment of schizoaffective disorder. Subjects in these six-week trials were aged 18-65 years, had a diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder based on the Structural Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition) Disorders, and were experiencing an acute exacerbation. The subjects from these studies had significant symptomatology as evidenced by a mean (standard deviation) baseline Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total score of 92.8 (13.0). Based on Young Mania Rating Scale and/or a 21-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score of ≥16 at baseline, 79.5% and 66.9% of subjects presented with prominent manic and depressive symptoms, respectively, and 46.4% presented with mixed symptoms. Approximately half (45%) of subjects were taking adjunctive mood stabilizers and/or antidepressants. Paliperidone ER was found to be effective in improving psychotic and mood symptoms in these subjects. Paliperidone ER was also effective as monotherapy or adjunctive to mood stabilizers and/or antidepressants for subjects with prominent manic, depressive, or mixed symptoms at baseline. No new tolerability signals were observed in this population. To the best of our awareness, these pooled data provide the largest data set of patients with schizoaffective disorder, and extend our knowledge of disease characteristics and treatment response.
Long term effect of chlorhexidine on developing gingivitis in the Beagle dog (1973)

Twenty Beagle dogs, ten in an experimental group and ten controls, were given a soft plaque forming diet for 12 months. A .2 per cent aquous solution of chlorhexidine gluconate was applied twice daily to the teeth and gingivae of the experimental animals. The dogs of the control group were similarly treated with saline. Assessments of plaque, calculus and gingivitis were performed after 7, 14, 21, 28 days and 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 months. Gingival exudate was also measured. During a period of six months topical application of .2 per cent chlorhexidine essentially prevented plaque, calculus and gingivitis development, while control dogs exhibited large amounts of dental deposits and marked clinical signs of chronic gingivitis. After six months, however, plaque and gingivitis appeared also in the chlorhexidine group. At the termination of the experiment. Gingival Index and exudate scores of the chlorhexidine group had reached approximately half the values of the saline group. No clinical side effects but the occurrence of stain on teeth was registered during the entire experiment.
M32R/D-integrating DRAM and microprocessor (1997)

Newly emerging portable multimedia systems demand low-energy processing. Until now, however, designers of microprocessors for PCs and engineering workstations have focused mostly on high speed. Microcontroller designers, on the other hand, have taken low power dissipation as a first priority. Today's portable multimedia system design calls for developers to combine these two approaches, lowering power consumption while maintaining reasonable performance. There are several approaches to reducing power dissipation. Using advanced process technology is one of them. Another approach merges a DRAM with a high-performance RISC processor on a single silicon chip-what we call embedded DRAM, or eRAM. This is exactly the concept that this new processor, M32R/D, embodies.
Antirheumatic effect of IDS 23, a stinging nettle leaf extract, on in vitro expression of T helper cytokines. (1999)

Our results suggest the effective ingredient of IDS 23 acts by mediating a switch in T helper cell derived cytokine patterns. IDS 23 may inhibit the inflammatory cascade in autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis.
Localization of Luteinizing Hormone, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone, Prolactin, and Their Receptors in Human and Rat Testis Using Immunohistochemistry and Radioreceptor Assay* (1983)

Immunoperoxidase staining and radioreceptor assay were used to study the localization of LH, FSH, and PRL and their receptors in the human and rat testis. In immunohistochemical staining, the Leydig cells of both species were invariably LH positive and generally FSH negative, but there were some FSH positive cells which were morphologically indistinguishable from the Leydig cells. The tubules were LH negative. The Sertoli cells of both species were FSH positive, whereas the spermatogonia and other germ cells were negative. Positive staining for PRL was seen in rat Leydig cells, whereas the human testes were negative. In keeping with the immunohistochemical findings, LH and FSH receptors were found in the testis of both species, but PRL receptors only in the rat. The finding of FSH positive cells in the interstitial tissue may explain why FSH increases the number of Leydig cell LH receptors and increases the sensitivity and maximum response to LH stimulation. Failure to demonstrate PRL and PRL receptors in the human testis indicates either that very low receptor concentrations are needed to bring about PRL action or that the established testicular effects of PRL are indirect.
The expression and localization of zona pellucida glycoproteins and mRNA in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). (1996)

The zona pellucida (ZP) is an extracellular matrix composed of multiple glycoproteins that surrounds all mammalian oocytes. Analysis of the genes encoding the ZP proteins indicates that there are three classes ZPA (largest), ZPB (intermediate) and ZPC (smallest). Polyclonal antibodies developed against recombinant proteins of human and pig ZP have been used to identify immunohistochemically the components of the ZP of cynomolgus monkeys during the course of follicular development. Digoxigenin-labelled cDNA probes specific for the mRNA encoding ZPA, ZPB or ZPC were used to probe sections of cynomolgus monkey ovaries by in situ hybridization. mRNA encoding ZPA was identified in growing follicles at all stages and was seen in the granulosa cells of mature preovulatory follicles. ZPB protein and mRNA encoding ZPB were present in oocytes in secondary follicles and to a lesser extent in tertiary follicles, but were not found in primordial, primary or antral follicles or granulosa cells. ZPC protein and mRNA encoding ZPC were present in oocytes at all stages of folliculogenesis. These results suggest that each component of the ZP is produced and secreted at specific stages of folliculogenesis and that granulosa cells may be contributing to the synthesis of ZPA and ZPC.
Kinetic properties of a high molecular mass arachidonoyl-hydrolyzing phospholipase A2 that exhibits lysophospholipase activity (1991)

The first step in the production of eicosanoids and platelet-activating factor is the hydrolysis of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipid by phospholipase A2. We previously purified from the macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 an intracellular phospholipase A2 that preferentially hydrolyzes sn-2-arachidonic acid. The enzyme exhibits a molecular mass of 100 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.6. When assayed for other activities, the phospholipase A2 was found to exhibit lysophospholipase activity against palmitoyllysoglycerophosphocholine, and both activities copurified to a single band on silver-stained sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. An antibody against the macrophage enzyme was found to quantitatively immunoprecipitate both phospholipase A2 and lysophospholipase activities from a crude cytosolic fraction. When the immunoprecipitated material was analyzed on immunoblots, a single band at 100 kDa was evident, further suggesting that a single protein possessed both enzyme activities. When assayed as a function of palmitoyllysoglycerophosphocholine concentration and plotted as a double-reciprocal plot, two different slopes were apparent, corresponding to concentrations above and below the critical micellar concentration (7 microM) of the substrate. Above the critical micellar concentration, lysophospholipase exhibited an apparent Km of 25 microM and a Vmax of 1.5 mumol/min/mg. Calcium was not required for lysophospholipase activity, in contrast to phospholipase A2 activity. The enzyme, when assayed as either a phospholipase A2 or lysophospholipase, exhibited nonlinear kinetics beyond 1-2 min despite low substrate conversion. Readdition to more substrate after the activity plateaued did not result in further enzyme activity, ruling out substrate depletion. Readdition of enzyme, however, resulted in another burst of enzyme activity. The results are not consistent with product inhibition, but suggest that the enzyme may be subject to inactivation during catalysis.
Pulmonary Metabolism of Foreign Compounds: Its Role in Metabolic Activation (1990)

The lung has the potential of metabolizing many foreign chemicals to a vast array ofmetabolites with different pharmacological and toxicological properties.Because many chemicals require metabolic activation in order to exert their toxicity, the cellular distribution of the drug-metabolizing enzymes in a heterogeneous tissue, such as the lung, and the balance of metabolic activation and deactivation pathways in any particular cell are key factors in determining the cellular specificity ofmany pulmonary toxins.Enviroxnmental factors such as air pollution, cigarette smoking, and diet markedly affect the pulmonary metabolism of some chemicals and, thereby, possibly affect their toxicity.
Achieving von Neumann's dream: artificial life on silicon (2002)

The work presented in this paper is based on advances in the field of computer engineering (machine architecture, self-test and artificial life) as well as in the related fields of molecular biology (genetics and embryology). Starting with a simple example of a digital circuit (a 4-state reversible counter), a methodology enabling the implementation of any combinational or sequential system on a 2-dimension cellular automaton (CA) is presented. The benefit brought by this methodology is its ability to synthesise and implement very complex digital functions on very simple and regular structures such as cellular automata. Furthermore, thanks to the contribution of genetics and built-in-self-test (BIST), some life-like properties such as self-adaptation and artificial healing provide a type of functional autonomy. The reconfiguration scheme emerges from the biological-like process. Applications of such techniques to embarked systems where access is difficult (space, sea or aggressive environment) will be of prime interest.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Photoacoustic gas detection based on external cavity diode laser light sources (1997)

An external cavity diode laser is constructed and shown to have stable, narrow-linewidth operation around 840 nm. Based on this laser and a photoacoustic detector, a gas monitoring system capable of measuring absorption coefficients as low as 10 28 cm 21 is developed. The continuous (mode-hop-free) tuning range of the laser is found to exceed 100 GHz, which makes possible the spectrally resolved detec- tion of water vapor absorption lines. The photoacoustic cell with the ex- ternal cavity diode laser as a light source offers great potential for the development of a portable, automated gas detection system. © 1997 So- ciety of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
Emerging Therapies for the Treatment of Psoriasis (2012)

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated disease that affects 1%-2% of the European and North American population. While topical agents such as corticosteroids and vitamin D derivatives are prescribed for mild disease, they are generally unable to adequately control patients with more severe disease. Over the past decade, research into the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis, including investigations into the role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and more recently interleukins (IL) 12/23, has led to the advent of targeted biologic therapies based on the central role of a new subset of T cells, Th17. Because of their increased specificity, biologic agents have revolutionized short- to medium-term treatment outcomes and safety profiles for moderate to severe disease over previously gold standard systemic agents. The immunopathogenesis of the disease is still a focus for researchers and novel targets for future agents are being discovered and investigated in clinical trials. In particular, specifically targeting the IL-23/Th17 pathway has given rise to IL-23p19 and IL-17 antagonists, both of which have shown significant promise in clinical trials. IL-22 is involved in keratinocyte proliferation and is being studied as a treatment target for psoriasis. New small molecule oral agents, including Janus kinase and phosphodiesterase inhibitors are currently in phase 2 and 3 clinical trials.
Elicitation: A Tool for Enriching the Bioactive Composition of Foods (2014)

Elicitation is a good strategy to induce physiological changes and stimulate defense or stress-induced responses in plants. The elicitor treatments trigger the synthesis of phytochemical compounds in fruits, vegetables and herbs. These metabolites have been widely investigated as bioactive compounds responsible of plant cell adaptation to the environment, specific organoleptic properties of foods, and protective effects in human cells against oxidative processes in the development of neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer. Biotic (biological origin), abiotic (chemical or physical origin) elicitors and phytohormones have been applied alone or in combinations, in hydroponic solutions or sprays, and in different selected time points of the plant growth or during post-harvest. Understanding how plant tissues and their specific secondary metabolic pathways respond to specific treatments with elicitors would be the basis for designing protocols to enhance the production of secondary metabolites, in order to produce quality and healthy fresh foods.
Retrieval of ocean wavelength and wave direction from SAR image based on radon transform (2013)

The method for retrieving the ocean wave spectrum from the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery is currently the most widely used for calculation of the wave high, wavelength and wave direction. However the most current of methods are relatively complicated. This paper presents an algorithm which is based on Radon transform. In this algorithm, firstly, with the property of Radon transform that the line in the SAR image and the point in the transformed space are one-to-one correspondence, the texture feature of the wave in SAR image is detected to calculate the wavelength and probable wave direction. Secondly, according to the theory of the ocean wave and the trends of the wavelength in two close sub-images, the actual wave direct ion is determined eventually. This article selects an ERS - 2 SAR image around Taiwan as the study area. The results of calculation are compared with the results obtained by Two-Dimensional Fast Fourier Transform (2D- FFT). The study results demonstrate that the use of the Radon transform is available without loss of the accuracy when retrieving the wave wavelength and wave direction from the ERS-2 SAR images.
Non-Invasive Estimation of Systolic Blood Pressure and Diastolic Blood Pressure Using Photoplethysmograph Components (2010)

These results support the possibility that PPG components may be used for easy and noninvasive measurement of hemodynamic changes in the cardiovascular system.
Dealing cards in poker games (2005)

This paper proposes a new protocol for shuffling and dealing cards, that is designed specifically for games of mental poker. Our protocol takes advantage of two features of poker games that are overlooked by generic card-shuffling protocols: 1) cards in poker games are dealt in rounds, with betting in-between, rather than all at once and 2) the total number of cards dealt in a game of poker is small (it depends on the number of players but is typically less than half the deck). With these observations in mind, we propose a protocol that spreads the computational cost of dealing cards more evenly across rounds. Compared to protocols that shuffle the whole deck upfront, our approach offers a dramatic decrease in latency and overall computational cost. Our protocol is fair, private and robust. It is ideally suited for resource-constrained devices such as PDAs.
Mechanical Properties of Composite Mortars Using Flurogypsum and PVC Particles (2014)

The present work describes the viability of a mortar binder based on two industrial by-products: poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) particles from scrap and anhydrite (CaSO4) from fluorgypsum. Mortar composites were made incorporating different amounts of PVC particles and cured at constant room temperature during various periods of time. From X-ray diffraction, it was possible to follow the hydration process and to estimate the effect of the PVC particles on anhydrite transformation to gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O). Compressive strength from uniaxial testing was measured from stress-strain curves carried out at room temperature. According to these results, the hydration rates of the composites depend on the concentration of PVC particles and there is an enhancement in their compressive strength as particle content increases, reaching values of 36 MPa after 28 days.
In vivo effects of antibodies from patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: further evidence of synaptic glutamatergic dysfunction (2010)

A severe encephalitis that associates with auto-antibodies to the NR1 subunit of the NMDA receptor (NMDA-R) was recently reported. Patients' antibodies cause a decrease of the density of NMDA-R and synaptic mediated currents, but the in vivo effects on the extracellular glutamate and glutamatergic transmission are unknown. We investigated the acute metabolic effects of patients' CSF and purified IgG injected in vivo. Injections were performed in CA1 area of Ammon's horn and in premotor cortex in rats. Patient's CSF increased the concentrations of glutamate in the extracellular space. The increase was dose-dependent and was dramatic with purified IgG. Patients' CSF impaired both the NMDA- and the AMPA-mediated synaptic regulation of glutamate, and did not affect the glial transport of glutamate. Blockade of GABA-A receptors was associated with a marked elevation of extra-cellular levels of glutamate following a pretreatment with patients' CSF. These results support a direct role of NMDA-R antibodies upon altering glutamatergic transmission. Furthermore, we provide additional evidence in vivo that NMDA-R antibodies deregulate the glutamatergic pathways and that the encephalitis associated with these antibodies is an auto-immune synaptic disorder.
Role of Low Levels of Endogenous Estrogen in Regulation of Bone Resorption in Late Postmenopausal Women (2002)

Although median levels of bone turnover are increased in postmenopausal women, it is unclear whether the low circulating levels of endogenous estrogen exert a regulatory role on these levels. This issue was evaluated by assessing the effect of a blockade of estrogen synthesis on bone turnover markers in 42 normal women (mean age +/- SD, 69 +/- 5 years) randomly assigned to groups receiving the potent aromatase inhibitor letrozole or placebo for 6 months. Letrozole treatment reduced serum estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) to near undetectable levels (p < 0.0001). This treatment did not affect bone formation markers but, as compared with the placebo group, increased bone resorption markers (urine 24-h pyridinoline [PYD] by 13.3% [p < 0.05] and 24-h urine deoxypyridinoline [DPD] by 14.2% [p < 0.05]) and decreased serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) by 22% (p = 0.002). These data indicate that in late postmenopausal women even the low serum estrogen levels present exert a restraining effect on bone turnover and support the concept that variations in these low levels may contribute to differences in their rate of bone loss.