gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
G-COPSS: A content centric communication infrastructure for gaming applications (2011)

With users increasingly focused on an online world, an emerging challenge for the network infrastructure is the need to support Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Games (MMORPG). This is an application domain that is attracting more players than ever before, very often with players distributed over a metropolitan area. Currently, MMORPG are built on an IP infrastructure with the primary responsibility on servers to do the work of disseminating control messages and having to predict/retrieve objects in each player's view. Limited server resources significantly impair the user's interactive experience. Modern fast-paced action games that run on a client/server architecture limit the number of players who can interact simultaneously since the server needs to handle the frequent updates and disseminate them. Scale and timeliness are major challenges of such a server-oriented gaming architecture. We propose Gaming over COPSS (G-COPSS), a communication infrastructure using a Content-Oriented Pub/Sub System (COPSS) to enable efficient decentralized information dissemination in MMORPG, exploiting the network and the end-systems for player management and information dissemination. We emulate an application that is particularly emblematic of MMORPG - Counter-Strike - but one in which all the players share a hierarchical structured map. Using trace-driven simulation, we demonstrate that G-COPSS can achieve high scalability and tight timeliness requirements of MMORPG. The simulator is parameterized using the results of careful microbenchmarking of the open-source CCN implementation and of standard IP-based forwarding. Our evaluations show that G-COPSS provides considerable performance improvement in terms of aggregate network load and update latency compared to that of a traditional IP server-based infrastructure.
The Application of Active Control to Improve Boring Bar Performance (1975)

A previously established theoretical basis for controlling both the static stiffness as well as dynamic vibrations and regenerative chatter in particular was implemented in the work described by this paper. It was found that the experimental boring bar setup did exhibit two principal modes but that the controller could be synthesized largely independent of these modes. Cutting tests were performed using Delrin acetal plastic on a lathe equipped with a pivoted boring bar which was controlled by an electro-hydraulic servo system. It was found that the theory established earlier did in fact predict qualitatively the new stability borderline. Width of cut was improved by a factor of twelve and equivalent static stiffness was increased without bound.
Structure−Activity Relationship in Nanostructured Copper−Ceria-Based Preferential CO Oxidation Catalysts (2007)

Two series of nanostructured oxidized copper−cerium catalysts with varying copper loadings, and prepared, respectively, by impregnation of ceria and by coprecipitation of the two components within reverse microemulsions, have been characterized in detail at structural and electronic levels by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (XEDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) (including Ar+-sputtering), and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS). These results have been correlated with analysis of their catalytic properties for preferential oxidation of CO in a H2-rich stream (CO-PROX), complemented by Operando−DRIFTS. A relevant difference between the two series of catalysts concerns the nature of the support for the surface-dispersed copper oxide entities, which is essentially ceria for the samples prepared by impregnation and a Ce−Cu mixed oxide for those prepared by microemulsion−coprecipitation. The existence of copper segregation in the form of copper oxide or copper-enriched Cu−Ce mixed oxides for the latter type of samples is uniquely revealed by nanoprobe XEDS and XPS Ar+-sputtering experiments. The CO oxidation activity under CO-PROX conditions is correlated to the degree of support-promoted reduction achieved by the dispersed copper oxide particles under reaction conditions. Nevertheless, catalysts which display higher CO oxidation activity are generally more efficient also for the undesired H2 oxidation reaction. The balance between both reactions results in differences in the CO-PROX activity between the two series of catalysts which are examined on the basis of the structural differences found.
Environmental Stability and Community Persistence: A Multivariate Perspective (1994)

Six physical and hydrological variables were used to assess environmental stability at sites on 10 contrasting streams in the Southern Alps of New Zealand. Five of the streams were spring-fed and initially designated "stable", and the others, which were predominantly catchment-fed, were designated "unstable". At each site, depth, current velocity, and water temperature were measured monthly for 19 mo, and the distances moved by marked stones in three size groups were determined over 18 mo. Stone invertebrate communities were sampled at each site at three monthly intervals. Tractive force measurements and the Pfankuch stability index were also calculated. Monthly depth and current variability, temperature range, Pfankuch stability scores, and substrate movement were all greater at the five "unstable" sites, but the rank order of sites obtained with each measure was not consistent. Tractive force was the only stability measure that did not differ significantly between "stable" and "unstable" streams. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to combine values for all six variables into single multivariate instability scores (PCA scores for Axis 1). These scores were strongly correlated with all individual stability variable scores with the exception of those for tractive force. We suggest that the effects of environmental stability on community structure should be assessed using a measure that is representative of all the physical characteristics at a study site, and we believe the multivariate instability score goes some way towards achieving this. Such a procedure, however, does not negate the use of individual measures for examining specific environmental relationships as well. Although differences in the persistence of some community characteristics could be detected using the initial "stable/unstable" groups, others could only be seen when plotted on a more continuous scale using the multivariate instability scores. Persistence of the dominant invertebrate taxa was high at all sites, but persistence of the entire fauna was higher at the stable sites.
Formation of self-aligned TiSi2 for very large scale integrated contacts and interconnects (1987)

In this paper, we present the results of a study on self-aligned TiSi2 formation. TiSi2 was formed by a rapid thermal anneal (RTA) of a sputtered Ti film on crystalline Si and on phosphorus doped poly-Si at a temperature from 600 to 1100 °C. A film resistivity of 16 μΩ cm has been achieved after an RTA at 800 °C for 10 s. Auger electron spectroscopy analysis indicated that a stoichiometric TiSi2 below a surface TiNxOy layer was formed by RTA in N2. The Si consumption during RTA in N2 was less than in Ar ambient due to the TiNxOy formation. In addition, RTA in N2 resulted in less lateral silicide growth than in Ar. Ti film started to react with the underlying SiO2 layer at 600 °C for 30 s and titanium oxide and titanium silicide were observed after RTA at 800 °C for 30 s. The TiSi2 formation on POCl3 doped poly-Si and moderately doped crystalline Si exhibited the same characteristics as on bare Si. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy analysis indicated that As+ and B+ did not pile up at the TiSi2/Si interface. From the measurements of lateral silicide growth lengths after stripping the ‘‘unreacted Ti’’ on oxide, a process window of RTA temperature and time for forming self-aligned silicide was determined. Good I–V characteristics of silicided diodes and salicide metal–oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors have been obtained.
The Synthetic Process of Tazobactam—a β-Lactamase Inhibitor (2001)

A convenient synthesis of tazobactam,a new β lactamase inhibitor,was described starting with 6 aminopenicillanic acid,which was converted to benzhydryl penicillanate 1α oxide via diazotization,bromination,oxidation with activated magnesium dioxide in the presence of benzophenone hydrazone and reductive debromination.Then heating with 2 mercaptobenzothiazole,chlorination with sulphuryl chloride gave the 2 β chloromethylpenam.The reaction with 1H 1,2,3 triazole,oxidation with potassium permanganate gave benzhydryl 2β 〔(1,2,3 triazol 1 yl)methyl〕 2α methylpenam 3α carboxylic acid 1,1 dioxide.The deprotection by m cresol gave tazobactam.The process has the advantages of mild reaction,low cast and convenient aftertreatments.The overall yield was 16 3%.
Dissociation of Antimicrobial and Hemolytic Activities of Gramicidin S through N<i>‐</i>Methylation Modification (2013)

β-Sheet antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are well recognized as promising candidates for the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. To dissociate antimicrobial activity and hemolytic effect of β-sheet AMPs, we hypothesize that N-methylation of the intramolecular hydrogen bond(s)-forming amides could improve their specificities for microbial cells over human erythrocytes. We utilized a model β-sheet antimicrobial peptide, gramicidin S (GS), to study the N-methylation effects on the antimicrobial and hemolytic activities. We synthesized twelve N-methylated GS analogues by replacement of residues at the β-strand and β-turn regions with N-methyl amino acids, and tested their antimicrobial and hemolytic activities. Our experiments showed that the HC50 values increased fivefold compared with that of GS, when the internal hydrogen-bonded leucine residue was methylated. Neither hemolytic effect nor antimicrobial activity changed when proline alone was replaced with N-methylalanine in the β-turn region. However, analogues containing N-methylleucine at β-strand and N-methylalanine at β-turn regions exhibited a fourfold increase in selectivity index compared to GS. We also examined the conformation of these N-methylated GS analogues using (1)H NMR and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy in aqueous solution, and visualized the backbone structures and residue orientations using molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that N-methylation of the internal hydrogen bond-forming amide affected the conformation, backbone shape, and side chain orientation of GS.
A 3-tiered client-server distributed database system component-based (2004)

The administration of distributed data is a need that nowadays many enterprises strive to fulfill. However, it is often difficult for these enterprises to find a software product capable of providing the solution they require. This is due to the inherent complexity to distributed data access, which has caused the majority of database applications to provide distributed access to a centralized database as a simpler alternative to distributed database systems. This article demonstrates that it is possible to design a component-based reference architecture of a distributed database systems (D-DBS) with a 3-tiered client-server structure from the solution given to the data distribution problem through the implementation of a global conceptual schema. Therefore, this proposal reduces the design complexity of a D-DBS.
Identification of the staphylococcal enterotoxin A superantigen binding site in the beta 1 domain of the human histocompatibility antigen HLA-DR. (1991)

The staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) is a superantigen that must bind to class II molecules of the major histocompatibility complex to be recognized by T cells. In humans, most HLA-DR class II allelic and isotypic forms, such as DR1, bind SEA well. DRw53 is an exception, binding SEA very poorly. We have localized this difference to a single residue (amino acid 81) in the beta 1 domain. A highly conserved histidine at residue 81 allows SEA binding, but a tyrosine does not. Residue 81 is predicted to lie in an alpha-helix on the surface of the molecule, with its side chain pointing up out of the pocket associated with binding of conventional peptide antigens. This finding supports the hypothesis that superantigens and conventional antigens bind to different sites on the class II molecule.
Synergistic Enhancement of MRI with Gd-DTPA and Magnetization Transfer (1992)

Magnetization transfer (MT) between protons of macromolecules and protons of water molecules is a recently introduced mechanism for tissue contrast in MR imaging. The MT effect is strong in tissues where there is an efficient cross relaxation between macromolecular protons and water protons and where this interaction is the dominant source of relaxation. Paramagnetic ions shorten relaxation times and decrease the MT effect. These two facts led to the assumption that, in the case of contrast enhanced MRI, the combination of the T1-weighted imaging method and the MT technique may yield increased contrast, compared with standard methods. The synergistic effect is demonstrated in this work with studies of egg white samples and by imaging three patients with different brain pathologies. The lesion-to-white matter contrasts, with standard T1-weighted sequences with and without the MT effect, were compared before and after the introduction of Gd-DTPA. In each case the synergistic effect of T1 weighting and MT improved the contrast enhancement provided with Gd-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid.
Human Factors Evaluation of Existing Side Collision Avoidance System Driver Interfaces (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes the assessment of driver interfaces of a type of electronics-based collision avoidance systems that has been recently developed to assist drivers of vehicles in avoiding certain types of collisions. The electronics-based crash avoidance systems studied were those which <i>detect</i> the presence of objects located on the <i>left and/or right sides</i> of the vehicle, called Side Collision Avoidance Systems, or SCAS.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">As many SCAS as could be obtained, including several pre-production prototypes, were acquired and tested. The testing focused on measuring sensor performance and assessing the qualities of the driver interfaces. This paper presents only the results of the driver interface assessments. The sensor performance data are presented in the NHTSA report “Development of Performance Specifications for Collision Avoidance Systems for Lane Changing, Merging, and Backing - Task 3 - Test of Existing Hardware Systems” [<span class="xref">1</span>].</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">One goal of this research was to evaluate, based upon the principles of human factors, how well the driver interfaces of the SCAS studied were designed. The strengths and weaknesses of each driver interface were determined. Overall, while none of the SCAS had an “ideal” interface, most had ergonomically acceptable interfaces. Not surprisingly, the commercially available systems tended to have better driver interfaces than did the prototypes. Another goal of this research was to provide advice to future designers of collision avoidance system driver interfaces regarding ergonomically desirable or undesirable features. From the evaluations performed, a preliminary set of driver interface performance specifications that may be of aid to future SCAS driver interface designers has been developed.</div>
Screening of Nonfilamentous Bacteria for Production of Cutin-Degrading Enzymes (1992)

Two hundred thirty-two nonfilamentous bacterial strains, including saprophytes, plant pathogens, and opportunistic plant and human pathogens, were screened for the ability to produce cutinases (cutin-degrading esterases). Initially, esterase activity of culture filtrates of strains grown in nutrient broth-yeast extract medium supplemented with 0.4% apple or tomato cutin was determined by a spectrophotometric assay utilizing the model substrate p-nitrophenyl butyrate. The culture filtrates of the 10 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains tested exhibited the highest esterase activity, with values of >500 nmol/min/ml. Of these 10 strains, 3 (K799, 1499A, and DAR41352) demonstrated significant induction (10-fold or above) of esterase activity by addition of cutin to nutrient broth-yeast extract medium. The ability of culture filtrates of the three strains to cause release of apple cutin monomers was confirmed by a novel high-performance liquid chromatography technique. Monomer identification was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analyses. Addition of the nonionic detergent n-octylglucoside stimulated cutinase activity of culture filtrates from strains K799 and DAR41352, but not that of filtrates from strain 1499A. Time course studies in nutrient broth-yeast extract medium supplemented with apple cutin indicated maximal levels of cutinase in the culture fluids after cultures entered stationary phase. Incubation temperatures below the optimal temperature for growth (37 degrees C) led to maximal production of cutinase.
Probabilistic pose estimation using a Bingham distribution-based linear filter (2018)

Pose estimation is central to several robotics applications such as registration, hand–eye calibration, and simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). Online pose estimation methods typically use Gaussian distributions to describe the uncertainty in the pose parameters. Such a description can be inadequate when using parameters such as unit quaternions that are not unimodally distributed. A Bingham distribution can effectively model the uncertainty in unit quaternions, as it has antipodal symmetry, and is defined on a unit hypersphere. A combination of Gaussian and Bingham distributions is used to develop a truly linear filter that accurately estimates the distribution of the pose parameters. The linear filter, however, comes at the cost of state-dependent measurement uncertainty. Using results from stochastic theory, we show that the state-dependent measurement uncertainty can be evaluated exactly. To show the broad applicability of this approach, we derive linear measurement models for applications that use position, surface-normal, and pose measurements. Experiments assert that this approach is robust to initial estimation errors as well as sensor noise. Compared with state-of-the-art methods, our approach takes fewer iterations to converge onto the correct pose estimate. The efficacy of the formulation is illustrated with a number of examples on standard datasets as well as real-world experiments.
Silicon Ceramics with a Dash of Boron (1991)

Abstract : This review deals with the synthesis of cross-linked silazanyl borazine polymers that are excellent precursors for BN/Si3N4 composites, with decaborane-diamine polymers that serve as BN precursors and with the serendipitous discovery of an ortho-carborane.
Efficient and Practical Protection of the Catechol Residue of 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) Derivative as Acetonide (2008)

The acetonide formation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) derivative was realized under efficient and practical reaction conditions: the reaction of the methyl ester of DOPA in acetone-i-PrOH in the presence of 5 mol% of TsOH afforded the catechol side chain protected DOPA as an acetonide in quantitative yield; the workup procedure is a simple evaporation of the solvents. This methodology allows an access to the reaction in large scale.
A Nuclear Mutant of Arabidopsis with Impaired Stability on Distinct Transcripts of the Plastid psbB, psbD/C, ndhH, and ndhC Operons (1996)

, Anja Berger, Peter Westhoff, A Nuclear Mutant of Arabidopsis with Impaired Stability on Distinct Transcripts of the Plastid psbB, psbD/C, ndhH, and ndhC Operons, The Plant Cell, Vol. 8, No. 7 (Jul., 1996), pp. 1193-1207
Introduction: The Cyprus Conflict (2009)

With mischievous wit, humorist George Mikes, commenting on the Cyprus conflict, remarked that "Cypriots know that they cannot become a World Power; but they have succeeded in becoming a World Nuisance, which is almost as good."1 Undertones of comic relief aside, Mikes's quip encapsulates both the entrenched nature and the longevity of the Cyprus conflict. When Cypriots are frustrated by a difficult situation, they often exclaim "it has become like the Cyprus problem!" Such a comment is indicative of the way the conflict has embedded itself in the everyday cultural milieu of its constituents.
[The problem of anisakiasis]. (1994)

Presents a brief analysis of the basic findings concerning the pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis, prevention, and epidemiology of anisakiasis in the world. Suggests an opinion on a high prevalence of anisakiasis in some regions of Russia, where it is erroneously diagnosed as some other gastrointestinal diseases. Presents the author's data on the infestation of fish with Anisakis simplex and Pseudoterranova decipiens larvae in the Okhotsk and Bering seas. Emphasizes the necessity of developing recommendations on anisakiasis for practical health service.
Multiplex Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microspectroscopy and Study of Lipid Vesicles (2002)

We report a theoretical description and experimental implementation of multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (M-CARS) microspectroscopy using a picosecond pump beam and a femtosecond Stokes beam. The effect of the chirp in the Stokes pulse on a M-CARS spectrum is studied. Polarization-sensitive detection is utilized for suppression of the nonresonant background and for selective detection of spectrally overlapped Raman bands. M-CARS spectra of liposomes in the C−H stretching vibration region were acquired. Polarization CARS imaging of lipids in live cells based on the M-CARS spectra is demonstrated.
Hollow Carbon Microspheres/MnO2 Nanosheets Composites: Hydrothermal Synthesis and Electrochemical Behaviors (2014)

This article reported the electrochemical behaviors of a novel hollow carbon microspheres/manganese dioxide nanosheets (micro-HC/nano-MnO<sub>2</sub>) composite prepared by an in situ self-limiting deposition method under hydrothermal condition. The results of scanning electron microscopy reveal that MnO<sub>2</sub> nanosheets homogeneously grow onto the surface of micro-HC to form a loose-packed microstructure. The quantity of MnO<sub>2</sub> required in the electrode layer has thereby been reduced significantly, and higher specific capacitances have been achieved. The micro-HC/nano-MnO<sub>2</sub> electrode presents a high capacitance of 239.0 F g<sup>-1</sup> at a current density of 5 mA cm<sup>-2</sup>, which is a strong promise for high-rate electrochemical capacitive energy storage applications.
Cervical Stabilization by Plate and Bone Fusion (1988)

Anterior stabilization with combined plate and bone fusion was performed after neural decompression on ten patients for spondylotic cervical myelopathy, and for radiculopathy or trauma in three patients. Medial corpectomy was performed at one to four levels. Iliac crest or fibular bone grafts were secured by plates anchored to the graft and adjacent vertebral bodies. All patients were placed in Minerva braces postoperatively. There was successful fusion in all cases, and no graft dislodgement or kyphosis. Early initiation of rehabilitation was achieved. Morbidity occurred in patients with severe spondylotic cervical myelopathy. This include respiratory depression requiring reintubation in 2/13 procedures, dysphagia (2/13) from loosening of the screws or prominent hardware and graft, and screw loosening (2/13). Neurological improvement was present in 85% (11/13) of patients. There was no deterioration of neurological function in any case. We conclude from this early follow-up that anterior bone fusion with supplemental plates provides effective stabilization for the unstable cervical spine. Greater morbidity risk exists in patients with severe spondylotic cervical myelopathy and spastic quadriparesis who required multilevel medial corpectomies and fusion.