gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A hybrid image coder: adaptive intra-interframe prediction using motion compensation (2003)

A hybrid image predictive coding method is presented. The intraframe predictor is an adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) filter using the well-known least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm to track continuously the spatial local characteristics of the intensity. The interframe predictor is motion-adaptive, using a pel-recursive method estimating the displacement vector. A weight coefficient is adapted continuously in order to favor the prediction mode that performs better between intraframe and only-motion-compensation mode. A crucial problem in predictive coding, particularly with adaptive techniques, is that of sensitivity to transmission errors. A method ensuring the autoadjustment of the decoder in the presence of isolated transmission errors is proposed for the intraframe mode. Neither overhead information nor error-correcting code is needed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Role of the platelet‐activating factor (PAF) receptor during pulmonary infection with gram negative bacteria (2002)

The lipid mediator PAF plays an important role in the phagocytosis of particles, including bacteria, and consequent production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha and IL-8. Using a PAF receptor antagonist (UK-74,505) and PAF receptor knock-out mice, we have investigated the relevance of PAF for the inflammatory changes and lethality after pulmonary infection with the gram-negative bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae in mice. At an inoculum of 3 x 10(6) bacteria, there was marked pulmonary (bronchoalveolar lavage and lung) neutrophilia that started early (2.5 h after infection) and peaked at 48 h. All animals were dead by day 4 of infection. The chemokine KC and the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha increased rapidly and persisted for 48 h in the lungs. Pretreatment with UK-74,505 (30 mg kg(-1) per day, p.o.) had no significant effects on the number of infiltrating neutrophils in BAL fluid or lung tissue, as assessed by histology and measuring myeloperoxidase, or on the concentrations of KC. In contrast, concentrations of TNF-alpha and the number of bacteria inside neutrophils were significantly diminished. In order to support a role for the PAF during K. pneumoniae infection, experiments were also carried out in PAFR-deficient mice. In the latter animals, lethality occurred earlier than in wild-type controls. This was associated with greater number of bacteria in lung tissue and diminished percentage of neutrophils containing bacteria in their cytoplasm. Our results suggest that PAF, acting on its receptor, plays a protective role during infection with K. pneumoniae in mice.
Sonodynamic therapy consisting of focused ultrasound and a photosensitizer causes a selective antitumor effect in a rat intracranial glioma model. (2009)

This is the first report to demonstrate the usefulness of sonodynamic therapy consisting of focused ultrasound and photosensitizer for the treatment of experimental malignant glioma.
Reoperation Rates After Cartilage Restoration Procedures in the Knee: Analysis of a Large US Commercial Database (2018)

The purpose of this study is to describe the rate of return to the operating room (OR) following microfracture (MFX), autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), osteochondral autograft transplantation (OATS), and osteochondral allograft (OCA) procedures at 90 days, 1 year, and 2 years. Current Procedural Terminology codes for all patients undergoing MFX, ACI, OATS, and OCA were used to search a prospectively collected, commercially available private payer insurance company database from 2007 to 2011. Within 90 days, 1 year, and 2 years after surgery, the database was searched for the occurrence of these same patients undergoing knee diagnostic arthroscopy with biopsy, lysis of adhesions, synovectomy, arthroscopy for infection or lavage, arthroscopy for removal of loose bodies, chondroplasty, MFX, ACI, OATS, OCA, and/or knee arthroplasty. Descriptive statistical analysis and contingency table analysis were performed. A total of 47,207 cartilage procedures were performed from 2007 to 2011, including 43,576 MFX, 640 ACI, 386 open OATS, 997 arthroscopic OATS, 714 open OCA, and 894 arthroscopic OCA procedures. The weighted average reoperation rates for all procedures were 5.87% at 90 days, 11.94% at 1 year, and 14.90% at 2 years following the index cartilage surgery. At 2 years, patients who underwent MFX, ACI, OATS, OCA had reoperation rates of 14.65%, 29.69%, 8.82%, and 12.22%, respectively. There was a statistically significantly increased risk for ACI return to OR within all intervals (P < .0001); however, MFX had a greater risk factor (P < .0001) for conversion to arthroplasty. There was no difference in failure/revision rates between the restorative treatment options. With a large US commercial insurance database from 2007 to 2011, reparative procedures were favored for chondral injuries, but yielded an increased risk for conversion to arthroplasty. There was no difference in failure/revision rates between the restorative approaches, yet cell-based approaches yielded a significantly increased risk for a return to the OR.
High Performance Ka-Band VPIN Limiters (2012)

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the successful design of passive high power multi-stage limiters operating from 33 to 36 GHz using a high-yielding GaAs Vertical PIN diode process. Measured CW data shows that a two stage design achieves less than 0.5 dB insertion loss while achieving a flat leakage of about 21 dBm. A three stage design achieves 0.8 dB small signal insertion loss and 19 dBm flat leakage. A key to achieving the performance was the accurate large signal modeling of the PIN diodes.
ChemInform Abstract: Comparison of Microwave Hybrid and Conventional Heating of Preceramic Polymers to Form Silicon Carbide and Silicon Oxycarbide Ceramics. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
2‐Hydroxyglutaryl‐CoA dehydratase from <i>Clostridium symbiosum</i> (1999)

Component D (HgdAB) of 2-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA dehydratase from Clostridium symbiosum was purified to homogeneity. It is able to use component A from Acidaminococcus fermentans (HgdC) to initiate catalysis together with ATP, Mg2+ and a strong reducing agent such as Ti(III)citrate. Component D from C. symbiosum has a 6 x higher specific activity compared with that from A. fermentans and contains a second [4Fe-4S] cluster but the same amount of riboflavin 5'-phosphate (1.0 per heterodimeric enzyme, m = 100 kDa). Mössbauer spectroscopy revealed symmetric cube-type structures of the two [4Fe-4S]2+ clusters. EPR spectroscopy showed the resistance of the clusters to reducing agents, but detected a sharp signal at g = 2. 004 probably due to a stabilized flavin semiquinone. Three genes from C. symbiosum coding for components D (hgdA and hgdB) and A (hgdC) were cloned and sequenced. Primer extension experiments indicated that the genes are transcribed in the order hgdCAB from an operon only half the size of that from A. fermentans. Sequence comparisons detected a close relationship to the dehydratase system from A. fermentans and HgdA from Fusobacterium nucleatum, as well as to putative proteins of unknown function from Archaeoglobus fulgidus. Lower, but significant, identities were found with putative enzymes from several methanogenic Archaea and Escherichia coli, as well as with the mechanistically related benzoyl-CoA reductases from the Proteobacteria Rhodopseudomonas palustris and Thauera aromatica.
Development of a Plasmodium vivax malaria vaccine for clinical applications using transgenic parasites, virus-like particles and recombinant viruses (2014)

As plans for malaria eradication continue, a vaccine targeting Plasmodium vivax is of major importance due to the fact that it is the most widely distributed human malaria parasite in the world and the most difficult to eliminate due to its ability to hide in the liver forming hypnozoites. Malaria liver-stage vaccines are one of the leading strategies and the only approach that has demonstrated complete, sterile protection in clinical trials. We have developed vaccine candidates using platforms suitable for human use, consisting of virus-like particles (VLPs), chimpanzee adenovirus (ChAd63) and modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) containing malaria pre-erythrocytic antigens, and several novel challenge models using transgenic mouse-malaria P. berghei parasites expressing P. vivax antigens that permit the assessment of vaccine efficacy in small animal models, thus providing a suitable platform for vaccine development in non-endemic countries and permitting the progress of vaccines that rely on assessment of efficacy rather than measurement of immunogenicity, in the absence of a conclusive correlate of protection.

We present results of two leading malaria vaccine candidates, a universal vivax circumsporozoite antigen (PvCSP) and the thrombospondin-related adhesion protein (PvTRAP) to create recombinant adenovirus, MVA and a platform consisting of VLPs to enhance efficacy of our malaria vaccines. All have been tested using transgenic parasites expressing the P. vivax CSP VK210, VK247 and TRAP, thus permitting the assessment of protective efficacy in various mouse strains and yielding important information to address cross protection against CSP using a challenge with VK210 or VK247 parasites in mice vaccinated with homologous, heterologous or chimeric CSP antigens.

Our studies indicate that our vaccines are able to induce outstanding T-cell responses and antibody titers that can protect against a stringent challenge with high doses of fully virulent transgenic parasites in mice. Our groups are currently committing a substantial effort in developing further transgenic parasites to allow the discovery of new vaccine candidates able to afford protection.
Visual Adaptation to Interocular Brightness Differences Induced by Neutral-Density Filters (2007)

Visual adaptation occurs in response to interocular brightness differences induced by asymmetrical ND filters. The level of visual adaptation can be predicted by Fechner's Paradox and is independent of interocular differences in pupil diameter.
Reduction of Polymeric Azo and Nitro Dyes by Intestinal Bacteria (1981)

The O(2)-sensitive reduction of high-molecular-weight aromatic azo and nitro dyes by intestinal bacteria appears to be mediated by low-molecular-weight electron carriers with E(o)' = -200 to -350 mV. This process may allow the design of polymeric azo prodrugs for specific release of certain aromatic amines in the colon.
[Non-invasive 13C octanoic acid breath test for measuring stomach emptying of a solid test meal--correlation with scintigraphy in diabetic patients and reproducibility in healthy probands]. (1995)

The recently developed 13C-octanoic acid breath test allows the measurement of gastric emptying of solids. In this prospective study we wanted to investigate, whether the 13C-octanoic acid breath test using breath samples every half an hour is suitable in assessing gastric emptying in comparison to scintigraphy in diabetics. Furthermore, we examined the intraindividual reproducibility in healthy volunteers. 20 consecutive diabetics with clinical symptoms of gastroparesis received a solid double-labeled standard test meal. The meal consisted of 1 scrambled egg, labeled with 75 mg 13C-octanoic acid and 0.5 mCi 99mTc colloid, 50 g rye bread, 20 g butter, 200 ml orange juice; 280 kcal. Breath samples were taken at half hour intervals for 4 hours and analyzed for 13CO2 by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Using a regression method gastric emptying half times (t 1/2) were determined and correlations to simultaneous 99mTc-scintigraphy were calculated. There was a moderate significant correlation of 13C-octanoic acid breath test t 1/2 and scintigraphic t 1/2 (R = 0.6; p = 0.008). The 13C-octanoic acid breath test t 1/2 obtained in 20 healthy volunteers measured at two separate days showed a coefficient of variation (VC), that was greater between subjects (VK = 42%) than between two measurements in the same subject (VK = 24%), which reflects a moderate intraindividual reproducibility. Taking breath samples every half an hour the 13C-octanoic acid breath test only reveals a moderate intraindividual reproducibility and a moderate correlation to scintigraphy in diabetics. For detailed assessment of solid gastric emptying in diabetics a 13C-octanoic acid breath test using shorter breath sampling intervals is recommended.
Glomerular development in intraocular and intrarenal grafts of fetal kidneys. (1991)

To examine nephrogenesis in allogeneic grafts, we implanted fetal (day 14 postconception) rat kidneys, which contained only immature tubules, and day 15 to 17 postconception kidneys (with immature tubules and developing glomeruli) into the anterior eye chamber or under the renal capsule of mature rat hosts. Within 9 to 10 days, every graft became richly vascularized, new nephrons were induced to form, and extensive glomerular and tubular cytodifferentiation occurred in all implants. Electron microscopy showed well-formed maturing-stage glomeruli containing erythrocytes, fenestrated endothelial cells, mesangial cells, and fully developed podocytes with foot processes and slit diaphragms. Tubules morphologically corresponding to proximal tubules and containing epithelial cells with tall apical microvilli, as well as distal tubular segments, were also observed. Intravenous injections of antilaminin IgG into hosts resulted in labeling of glomerular basement membranes in grafted kidneys, confirming perfusion of the grafts by host vasculature. Some ultrastructural abnormalities were observed in the grafted kidneys, including the persistence of unfused basement membranes in capillary walls of some maturing-stage glomeruli, and signs of graft rejection were obvious in most samples by 16 days after implantation. Despite these irregularities, however, the ability to establish allogeneic grafts of developing kidneys presents an opportunity to explore glomerular development in a variety of genetic and physiological backgrounds.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA EXTENSÃO UNIVERSITÁRIA NA EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL PARA O GERENCIAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS NA UFCG – CAMPUS POMBAL (2018)

O artigo relata o Projeto de Extensão realizado, por meio da educação ambiental, que objetivou incentivar uma mudança de pensamento e comportamento de modo a promover atitudes sustentáveis acerca da problemática da geração e destinação ambientalmente adequada dos resíduos sólidos gerados por alunos do primeiro período de graduação da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - Campus de Pombal. O projeto envolveu dezesseis (16) turmas de alunos ingressantes dos cursos de Agronomia, Engenharia Ambiental, Engenharia Civil e Engenharia de Alimentos do CCTA/UFCG Campus Pombal, correspondendo a trezentos e setenta e oito (378) discentes que assistiram as palestras sobre “Gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos” e responderam aos questionários compostos por vinte (20) perguntas. A execução do projeto, em suas duas vigências, foi fundamen­tal para aproximar a comunidade acadêmica da realidade sobre problemática vivida acerca questão do gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos.
RECENT RESEARCH ON THE GROWTH PLATE: Advances in fibroblast growth factor signaling in growth plate development and disorders (2014)

Skeletons are formed through two distinct developmental actions, intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification. During embryonic development, most bone is formed by endochondral ossification. The growth plate is the developmental center for endochondral ossification. Multiple signaling pathways participate in the regulation of endochondral ossification. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)/FGF receptor (FGFR) signaling has been found to play a vital role in the development and maintenance of growth plates. Missense mutations in FGFs and FGFRs can cause multiple genetic skeletal diseases with disordered endochondral ossification. Clarifying the molecular mechanisms of FGFs/FGFRs signaling in skeletal development and genetic skeletal diseases will have implications for the development of therapies for FGF-signaling-related skeletal dysplasias and growth plate injuries. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in elucidating the role of FGFs/FGFRs signaling in growth plate development, genetic skeletal disorders, and the promising therapies for those genetic skeletal diseases resulting from FGFs/FGFRs dysfunction. Finally, we also examine the potential important research in this field in the future.
An Update on Rate Reform and Power Demand Control Load Data Working Group (1979)

Utility rate reforms could be so drastic that they would make today's method of analyzing demand control system economics totally absolute. The latest rate reforms and demand control techniques are discussed. Maximum flexibility of demand control can be achieved with the aid of a computer since the software can be easily changed to match load or billing variations.
A retargetable VLIW compiler framework for DSPs with instruction-level parallelism (2001)

A standard design methodology for embedded processors today is the system-on-a-chip design with potentially multiple heterogeneous processing elements on a chip, such as a very long instruction word (VLIW) processor, digital signal processor (DSP), and field-programmable gate array. To be able to program these devices, we need compilers that are capable of generating efficient code for the different types of processing elements with efficiency measured in terms of power, area, and execution time. In addition, the compilers should also be highly retargetable to enable the system designer to quickly evaluate different cores for the application on hand and reduce the time to market. In this paper, we show that we can extend a conventional VLIW compilation environment to develop highly retargetable optimizing compilers for DSPs with irregular architectures. We have used the second generation Fujitsu Hiperion fixed-point DSP as our primary example to evaluate the compiler framework. We demonstrate through experimental results that execution time for the assembly code generated using our framework is roughly two times better than that of the code generated by a widely used commercially available DSP compiler. Even without incorporating DSP-specific optimizations in our extended VLIW framework, we demonstrate that the compiled code has a better performance than the code generated by a commercial DSP-specific compiler in all our examples.
Resistance extraction along the current flow (2002)

A novel algorithm for calculating the resistance of an arbitrarily shaped polygon within a VLSI mask layout analysis program is presented. In contrast to earlier approaches, no polygon decomposition is required. Instead, the current flow is determined by a routing algorithm. The resistance approximation is derived from the current flow. Experimental results have shown that this algorithm achieves more accurate results in comparatively little time. The average run time is small enough so that the algorithm can be used in a VLSI environment.
Automatic generation of efficient lexical processors using finite state techniques (1968)

The practical application of the theory of finite-state automata to automatically generate lexical processors is dealt with in this tutorial article by the use of the AED RWORD system, developed at M.I.T. as part of the AED-1 system. This system accepts as input descriptions of the multicharacter items or of words allowable in a language given in terms of a subset of regular expressions. The output of the system is a lexical processor which reads a string of characters and combines them into the items as defined by the regular expressions. Each output item is identified by a code number together with a pointer to a block of storage containing the characters and character count in the item.
RGS2/G0S8 is a selective inhibitor of Gqα function (1997)

RGS (regulators of G protein signaling) proteins are GTPase activating proteins that inhibit signaling by heterotrimeric G proteins. All RGS proteins studied to date act on members of the Gialpha family, but not Gsalpha or G12alpha. RGS4 regulates Gialpha family members and Gqalpha. RGS2 (G0S8) is exceptional because the G proteins it regulates have not been identified. We report that RGS2 is a selective and potent inhibitor of Gqalpha function. RGS2 selectively binds Gqalpha, but not other Galpha proteins (Gi, Go, Gs, G12/13) in brain membranes; RGS4 binds Gqalpha and Gialpha family members. RGS2 binds purified recombinant Gqalpha, but not Goalpha, whereas RGS4 binds either. RGS2 does not stimulate the GTPase activities of Gsalpha or Gialpha family members, even at a protein concentration 3000-fold higher than is sufficient to observe effects of RGS4 on Gialpha family members. In contrast, RGS2 and RGS4 completely inhibit Gq-directed activation of phospholipase C in cell membranes. When reconstituted with phospholipid vesicles, RGS2 is 10-fold more potent than RGS4 in blocking Gqalpha-directed activation of phospholipase Cbeta1. These results identify a clear physiological role for RGS2, and describe the first example of an RGS protein that is a selective inhibitor of Gqalpha function.
Coherent Spin Transport through a 350 Micron Thick Silicon Wafer (2007)

We use all-electrical methods to inject, transport, and detect spin-polarized electrons vertically through a 350-micron-thick undoped single-crystal silicon wafer. Spin precession measurements in a perpendicular magnetic field at different accelerating electric fields reveal high spin coherence with at least 13pi precession angles. The magnetic-field spacing of precession extrema are used to determine the injector-to-detector electron transit time. These transit time values are associated with output magnetocurrent changes (from in-plane spin-valve measurements), which are proportional to final spin polarization. Fitting the results to a simple exponential spin-decay model yields a conduction electron spin lifetime (T1) lower bound in silicon of over 500 ns at 60 K.
Fundamental Nursing: Process-Oriented Guided-Inquiry Learning (POGIL) Research. (2015)

Measuring the effect of a Process-Oriented Guided-Inquiry Learning (POGIL) implementation in a fundamental baccalaureate-nursing course is one way to determine its effectiveness. To date, the use of POGIL from a research perspective in fundamental nursing has not been documented in the literature. The purpose of the study was to measure the effects of participation in the POGIL process in Fundamental Nursing classes on the final grades and ATi (Assessment Technologies Institute, LLC) grades (national exam) of groups of students who participated in group scenario work compared to students who did not participate in group scenario work in class. A comparative quantitative design measured the relationship of grades in two fundamental nursing classes taught by the same professor. The results demonstrated a short-term implementation of a POGIL program could increase grade performance significantly on a standardized exam. Final exam data revealed no significance in grade performance between groups. Utilizing the POGIL method may be beneficial in nursing courses.