gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ion efflux systems involved in bacterial metal resistances (1995)

Studying metal ion resistance gives us important insights into environmental processes and provides an understanding of basic living processes. This review concentrates on bacterial efflux systems for inorganic metal cations and anions, which have generally been found as resistance systems from bacteria isolated from metal-polluted environments. The protein products of the genes involved are sometimes prototypes of new families of proteins or of important new branches of known families. Sometimes, a group of related proteins (and presumedly the underlying physiological function) has still to be defined. For example, the efflux of the inorganic metal anion arsenite is mediated by a membrane protein which functions alone in Gram-positive bacteria, but which requires an additional ATPase subunit in some Gram-negative bacteria. Resistance to Cd2+ and Zn2+ in Gram-positive bacteria is the result of a P-type efflux ATPase which is related to the copper transport P-type ATPases of bacteria and humans (defective in the human hereditary diseases Menkes' syndrome and Wilson's disease). In contrast, resistance to Zn2+, Ni2+, Co2+ and Cd2+ in Gram-negative bacteria is based on the action of proton-cation antiporters, members of a newly-recognized protein family that has been implicated in diverse functions such as metal resistance/nodulation of legumes/cell division (therefore, the family is called RND). Another new protein family, named CDF for 'cation diffusion facilitator' has as prototype the protein CzcD, which is a regulatory component of a cobalt-zinc-cadmium resistance determinant in the Gram-negative bacterium Alcaligenes eutrophus. A family for the ChrA chromate resistance system in Gram-negative bacteria has still to be defined.
Combination of the mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin and HSP90 inhibitor 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17AAG) inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma (MM) (2005)

9609 Background: The PI3Kinase pathway is constitutively activated in MM. Inhibition of the downstream target mTOR by rapamycin inhibits growth of MM cells. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a chaperone protein that enhances the proper refolding of proteins and prevents the degradation of AKT in the PI3K pathway upstream of mTOR. The HSP90 inhibitor 17AAG shows potent pro-apoptotic activity in MM. The objectives of this study were to determine the cytotoxic activity of the combination of rapamycin and 17AAG in MM cells to explore targeting multiple levels of the P13K pathway for treatment of MM. Methods: MM cell lines (MM.1S and KAS6/1) were exposed to serial dilutions of rapamycin (10–200 nM) and 17AAG (0.1 to 1.0 μM) alone and in combination for 24 and 48 hrs. Inhibition of proliferation was measured using the MTT proliferation assay. Induction of apoptosis was determined using AnnexinV/PI FACS analysis. Results: Treatment of MM.1S with rapamycin and 17AAG demonstrated dose dependent inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis with a greater than additive effect. At 24 hrs, rapamcyin 20nM demonstrated 35% inhibition, 17AAG 1μM showed 65% inhibition, and the combination revealed 90% inhibition. At 24 hrs, rapamycin 20nM did not demonstrate apoptosis, 17AAG 1μM showed 40% apoptosis, and the combination revealed over 60% apoptosis. KAS6/1 cells were resistant to apoptosis by 17AAG and rapamycin. Conclusions: The combination of rapamycin and 17AAG demonstrates a greater than additive cytotoxic effect on MM cells. The primary activity of rapamycin appears to be anti-proliferative while 17AAG displays potent anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects. These studies provide the framework for in vivo and clinical evaluation of mTOR inhibitors combined with 17AAG in patients with MM. The mechanistic differences in cytotoxicity as well as dually targeting the P13Kinase pathway and the heat shock protein response provides innovative avenues of study in relapsed and drug-resistant disease. Supported in part by MMRF and ASCO Young Investigator Award. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Interface effects on thermal conductivity of Bi/Te core-shell nanowires (2010)

The formation of variable 1D heterostructure including core-shell and tubular nanowire is of particular significance with respect to potential applications for the thermoelectric device with the enhanced figure of merit (ZT=S <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> σT/К). We report Bi-Te core/shell and Te tubular nanowire fabrication based on the stress induced method. Fig. 1 schematically shows the nanowire fabrication process. Bi nanowires are grown on the Si substrate by the stress-induced method, and then Te is evaporated on the Bi nanowires. Fig. 2 is TEM image clearly shows core/shell structure for which effective phonon scattering and quantum confinement effect are expected. Our results demonstrate that various 1D heterostructure like Bi-Te core/shell and Te tubular nanowire can be grown successfully by the stress-induced method. Based on the result of electrical transport measurement and its characteristic morphology of rough surface, we will measure Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity in the future work.
A Novel Syntheses of Pyrano(2,3-c)(1, 5)Benzodiazepines (1990)

Abstract A novel synthesis of pyrano(2,3-c)(1,5) benzodiazepines from 1H(alkyl)-2,3-dihydro-4-methyl-1,5-benzodiazepln-2-ones and malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate is reported.
Phylogeny of Trichomonads Inferred from Small‐Subunit rRNA Sequences (1995)

Small subunit (16S-like) ribosomal RNA sequences were obtained from representatives of all four families constituting the order Trichomonadida. Comparative sequence analysis revealed that the Trichomonadida are a monophyletic lineage and a deep branch of the eukaryotic tree. Relative to the early divergent eukaryotic assemblages the branching pattern within the Trichomonadida is very shallow. This pattern suggests the Trichomonadida radiated recently, perhaps in conjunction with their animal hosts. From a morphological perspective the Devescovinidae and Calonymphidae are considered more derived than the Monocercomonadidae and Trichomonadidae. Molecular trees inferred by distance, parsimony and likelihood techniques consistently show the Devescovinidae and Calonymphidae are the earliest diverging lineages within the Trichomonadida, however bootstrap values do not strongly support a particular branching order. In an analysis of all known 16S-like ribosomal RNA sequences, the Trichomonadida share most recent common ancestry with unidentified protists from the hindgut of the termite Reticulitermes flavipes. The position of two putative free-living trichomonads in the tree is indicative of derivation from symbionts rather than direct descent from some free-living ancestral trichomonad.
Recent Developments with 1,2,4-Trioxane-Type Artemisinin Analogues (2003)

Artemisinin, a highly oxygenated sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide isolated by Chinese researchers in 1971 has been found to be a superior plasmocidal and blood schizontocidal agent to conventional antimalarial drugs against malarial strains. Since then, an enormous amount of work has been done on this molecule by different groups covering aspects such as characterisation, total synthesis, understanding of the mechanism of action through QSAR studies, etc. which has unveiled tremendous amount of information about this molecule and resulted in a large number of published and patented literature. These studies have enabled scientists during the nineties to delineate the basic structural requirement - the 1,2,4-trioxane ring system as the essential pharmacophore. Since then a large number of simpler molecules containing mainly the core pharmacophore have been synthesized and evaluated against different malaria strains; many of which have shown even better plasmocidal activity than the parent molecule. Recent studies have also generated information on toxicity of some of the initial derivatives, viz. arteether, artemether, etc. A lot of efforts have been made to produce structural changes viz. synthesis of C-10 carba-analogues, ring-contracted derivatives, fluoro derivatives, simple 1,2,4-trioxanes etc. These studies aim to produce derivatives having maximum potency and minimum toxicity. Keywords: 1,2,4-Trioxane, carba-analogues
ChemInform Abstract: Lability of Dimethylethyl Compounds of Indium and Aluminum. (1989)

Abstract The dimethylethyl derivatives (IV), (V), and (VII) of aluminum and indium are prepared.
513. Kinetics and mechanism of aromatic nitration. Part VII. Products of nitration of aniline derivatives, especially of dimethylaniline. The concomitant dealkylation of dialkylanilines (1950)

J. Glazer, E. D. Hughes, C. K. Ingold, A. T. James, G. T. Jones and E. Roberts, J. Chem. Soc., 1950, 2657 DOI: 10.1039/JR9500002657
Parametric Coupling between the Transverse Waves on <i>O</i>- and <i>M</i>-Type Beams (1961)

The coupling between transverse waves on a ``no-space-charge'' beam model via an rf pump field is investigated. It is found that the pump field should be two-dimensional in order to couple only two waves together. For high-frequency pumping only waves of same polarization can couple together, for low-frequency pumping only two waves of opposite polarization can couple together. For high-frequency pumping no ``spilling'' of higher-order noise frequencies will occur. For low-frequency pumping no ``spilling'' will occur if the pump field is purely circularly polarized. Except for cyclotron-cyclotron wave coupling the pump wave will always be in synchronism with a beam wave and thus interact actively or passively with the beam. The effect of this coupling is investigated.
Transcriptome analysis of phosphate starvation response in Escherichia coli. (2007)

Escherichia coli has a PhoR-PhoB two-component regulatory system to detect and respond to the changes of environmental phosphate concentration. For the E. coli W3110 strain growing under phosphate-limiting condition, the changes of global gene expression levels were investigated by using DNA microarray analysis. The expression levels of some genes that are involved in phosphate metabolism were increased as phosphate became limited, whereas those of the genes involved in ribosomal protein or amino acid metabolism were decreased, owing to the stationary phase response. The upregulated genes could be divided into temporarily and permanently inducible genes by phosphate starvation. At the peak point showing the highest expression levels of the phoB and phoR genes under phosphate-limiting condition, the phoB- and/or phoR-dependent regulatory mechanisms were investigated in detail by comparing the gene expression levels among the wild-type and phoB and/or phoR mutant strains. Overall, the phoB mutation was epistatic over the phoR mutation. It was found that PhoBR and PhoB were responsible for the upregulation of the phosphonate or glycerol phosphate metabolism and high-affinity phosphate transport system, respectively. These results show the complex regulation by the PhoR-PhoB two-component regulatory system in E. coli.
Effect of K<sub>2</sub>O on a Pd-Containing Catalytic Converter for Removing CO and HC Emissions from a Two-Stroke Motorcycle (1998)

Noble metals (Pt, Pd, and Rh) supported on Al2O3, K2O/Al2O3, CeO2/Al2O3, and K2O/CeO2/Al2O3 were prepared and characterized with respect to surface area, pore volume, and temperature-programmed desorption of CO2. The effects of K2O on the noble-metal catalysts for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon oxidation were investigated. The reactions were carried out under the stoichiometric and oxygen-deficient conditions. Under the stoichiometric point, the Pd-containing catalysts exhibit higher activity than the Pt-containing catalysts for both CO and C3H6 oxidation. Moreover, Pd/K2O/CeO2/Al2O3 is the most active catalyst among the powder catalysts in this study. Under the oxygen-deficient conditions and in the presence of water, the CO conversions on Pd/Al2O3 and Pd/CeO2/Al2O3 are significantly lower than those on Pt/Al2O3 and Pt/CeO2/Al2O3, respectively. In contrast, the Pd-containing catalysts exhibit higher C3H6 conversion than the Pt-containing catalysts. However, the CO conversions on the Pd-containing catalysts can be promoted by the addition of K2O. On the other hand, the test results of the monolithic catalysts revealed that the CO conversion on PdRh/K2O/Al2O3−CeO2 is quite close to that on PtRh/Al2O3−CeO2 under the simulative gases and the ECE-40 mode driving cycle test. PtRh/Al2O3−CeO2 is the typical composition of catalytic converters for two-stroke motorcycles. It infers that PdRh/K2O/Al2O3−CeO2 is a promising catalytic converter for a two-stroke motorcycle.
A Magnetorheological Door Check (2001)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Several shortcomings of mechanical door checks are overcome using a magnetorheological damper. Because the damper is electrically actuated, it can check in any desired position. The logical decision to activate or release the door check can be made either by passive circuitry based on input signals from switches attached to door handles or under microprocessor control, in which case the decision can take into account a variety of unconventional input factors, including the magnitude of the force applied to the door, the rate of change of the applied force, and the angle of door opening. With the addition of an appropriate proximity sensor, the controllable damper can prevent the door from inadvertently hitting a nearby obstacle. Details of the damper mechanism are described, and several implemented control strategies, both passive and microprocessor based, are discussed.</div>
Ultrasensitive protein detection in blood serum using gold nanoparticle probes by single molecule spectroscopy (2009)

A one-step rapid and ultrasensitive immunoassay capable of detecting proteins in blood serum is developed using gold nanoprobes and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). In this approach we take advantage of the inherent photoluminescence property of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) to develop a fluorophore-free assay to observe binding entities by monitoring the diffusion of bound versus unbound molecules in a limited confocal volume. 40-nm GNPs conjugated separately with rabbit anti-IgG (Fc) and goat anti-IgG (Fab) when incubated in blood serum containing IgG forms a sandwich structure constituting dimers and oligomers that can be differentiated by to detect IgG in blood serum at a limit of detection (LOD) of 5 pg/ml. The novelty of integrating GNPs with FCS to develop a sensitive blood immunoassay brings single molecule methods one step closer to the clinic.
Catalytic exchange of alkylbenzenes with deuterium on nickel films (1962)

E. Crawford and C. Kemball, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1962, 58, 2452 DOI: 10.1039/TF9625802452
Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Therapy of Osteoblasts In Vitro and In Vivo (1999)

Modulation of biological pathways governing osteogenesis may accelerate osseous regeneration and reduce the incidence of complications associated with fracture healing. Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) is a potent growth factor implicated in the regulation of osteogenesis and fracture repair. The use of recombinant proteins, however, has significant disadvantages and has limited the clinical utility of these molecules. Targeted gene therapy using adenovirus vectors is a technique that may circumvent difficulties associated with growth factor delivery. In this study, we investigate the efficacy of replication-deficient adenoviruses containing the human TGF-beta1 and the bacterial lacZ genes in transfecting osteoblasts in vitro and osseous tissues in vivo. We demonstrate that adenovirus-mediated gene therapy efficiently transfects osteoblasts in vitro with the TGF-beta1 virus causing a marked up-regulation in TGF-beta1 mRNA expression even 7 days after transfection. Increased TGF-beta1 mRNA expression was efficiently translated into protein production and resulted in approximately a 46-fold increase in TGF-beta1 synthesis as compared with control cells (vehicle- or B-galactosidase-transfected). Moreover, virally produced TGF-beta1 was functionally active and regulated the expression of collagen IalphaI (5-fold increase) and the vascular endothelial growth factor (2.5-fold increase). Using an adenovirus vector encoding the Escherichia coli LacZ gene, we demonstrated that adenovirus-mediated gene transfer efficiently transfects osteoblasts and osteocytes in vivo and that transfection can be performed by a simple percutaneous injection. Finally, we show that delivery of the hTGF-beta1 gene to osseous tissues in vivo results in significant changes in the epiphyseal plate primarily as a result of increased thickness of the provisional calcification zone.
Single Dose of 24 Milligrams of Buprenorphine for Heroin Detoxification: An Open-label Study of Five Inpatients (2006)

Previous studies indicate that buprenorphine has efficacy in medically supervised opioid withdrawal, but the optimal dosing for maximum tolerability and ease of administration remains undetermined. Five heroin-dependent individuals entered this open-label study of inpatient detoxification with a single 24 mg dose of buprenorphine. The mean Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS) score prior to buprenorphine administration was 17.6 (SD = 3.36). COWS scores declined significantly thereafter. There was one episode of precipitated withdrawal that resolved within four hours. Use of ancillary medications was minimal. This study suggests that a single high dose of buprenorphine can be used safely and effectively for inpatient detoxification.
Convenient direct synthesis of (SN)x films from S4N4 at lower temperatures (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConvenient direct synthesis of (SN)x films from S4N4 at lower temperaturesM. W. R. Witt, R. J. Lagow, and W. I. Bailey Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 6, 1668–1669Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00344a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00344a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views58Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tumor metastasis suppressor nm23H1 regulates Rac1 GTPase by interaction with Tiam1 (2001)

The putative tumor metastasis suppressor nm23H1 was originally identified in murine melanomas by subtraction cloning. It displays nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity and regulates cellular events, including growth and development. Recently nm23H1 has been reported to also act as a GTPase-activating protein of the Ras-related GTPase Rad. We attempted to determine whether nm23H1 also regulates Rho-family GTPases. Although we were unable to detect a direct association between nm23H1 and Rho-family GTPases, nm23H1 was shown to be associated with a Rac1-specific nucleotide exchange factor, Tiam1, by interaction with its amino-terminal region in extracts from the cells expressing exogenous Tiam1 and from native tissue. Overexpression of nm23H1 inhibited the Tiam1-induced production of GTP-bound Rac1 and activation of c-Jun kinase. On the other hand, forced overexpression of the wild type, but not the kinase-inactivated mutant of nm23H1, converted the GDP-bound forms of Rac1, Cdc42, and RhoA to their GTP-bound forms in vitro by its nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity, but nm23H1 alone apparently did not produce the GTP-bound form of these GTPases in vivo. These results suggest that nm23H1 negatively regulates Tiam1 and inhibits Rac1 activation in vivo. Moreover, adhesion-stimulated membrane ruffles of Rat1 fibroblasts were reduced by overexpression of nm23H1. Based on these observations, we concluded that we had identified a function of nm23H1 as a regulator of Rac1 and that it may be related to the effect of nm23H1 as a tumor metastasis suppressor.
Digital cities 6 : concepts, methods and systems of urban informatics (Workshop) (2009)

Exploring key challenges of urban informatics research and development, this workshop looks at concepts, research methods and instruments that become the microscope of urban anatomy. We want to discuss urban informatics systems that provide real-time tools for examining the real-time city, to picture the invisible and to zoom into a fine-grained resolution of urban environments that reveal the depth and contextual nuances of urban metabolism processes at work.
Synthesis and inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation of 2-phenyl-1(2H)-phthalazinone derivatives. (1985)

2-Phenyl-1 (2H)-phthalazinone derivatives (4) were synthesized by the reactions of corresponding o-phthalaldehydic acids (5) with phenylhydrazine derivatives. The preparation of 5 was carried out by decarboxylation of keto-carboxylic acids (6) or hydroxylation of phthalides (8) via their bromo derivatives (9). The derivatives (4) were tested for inhibitory activity on platelet aggregation. None of them showed any appreciable effect on platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate. Several compounds (4l, 4m, 16a, and 16c), however, effectively inhibited platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid.
Double layer effects in laser-ablation plasma plumes (2000)

Charge-collector probe measurements have been performed to elucidate ion acceleration in laser-induced plasma plumes over a range of laser fluences important for pulsed laser deposition. The fundamental (1064 nm) or second (532 nm) harmonics of a Nd:YAG laser were used for ablation. The evolution of the time-of-flight ion signal from single-peaked to double-peaked and again to single-peaked with increasing laser fluence in the range of 2-25 J/cm(2) has been followed. The analysis of the ion velocity distributions shows that increasing laser fluence results in the appearance of a portion of accelerated ions that can be recognized as an additional fast peak in the time-of-flight distribution. The dependencies of the ion signal on the target-to-collector distance, the background pressure, and the wavelength of laser radiation have been studied. The results are discussed from the viewpoint of the generation of a self-consistent ambipolar electric field (so-called double layer). The observed ion acceleration suggests that formation in the plume of a high-energetic electron tail due to absorption of laser radiation is responsible for the development of a double layer.