gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative Genomic Evidence for a Close Relationship between the Dimorphic Prosthecate Bacteria <i>Hyphomonas neptunium</i> and <i>Caulobacter crescentus</i> (2006)

The dimorphic prosthecate bacteria (DPB) are alpha-proteobacteria that reproduce in an asymmetric manner rather than by binary fission and are of interest as simple models of development. Prior to this work, the only member of this group for which genome sequence was available was the model freshwater organism Caulobacter crescentus. Here we describe the genome sequence of Hyphomonas neptunium, a marine member of the DPB that differs from C. crescentus in that H. neptunium uses its stalk as a reproductive structure. Genome analysis indicates that this organism shares more genes with C. crescentus than it does with Silicibacter pomeroyi (a closer relative according to 16S rRNA phylogeny), that it relies upon a heterotrophic strategy utilizing a wide range of substrates, that its cell cycle is likely to be regulated in a similar manner to that of C. crescentus, and that the outer membrane complements of H. neptunium and C. crescentus are remarkably similar. H. neptunium swarmer cells are highly motile via a single polar flagellum. With the exception of cheY and cheR, genes required for chemotaxis were absent in the H. neptunium genome. Consistent with this observation, H. neptunium swarmer cells did not respond to any chemotactic stimuli that were tested, which suggests that H. neptunium motility is a random dispersal mechanism for swarmer cells rather than a stimulus-controlled navigation system for locating specific environments. In addition to providing insights into bacterial development, the H. neptunium genome will provide an important resource for the study of other interesting biological processes including chromosome segregation, polar growth, and cell aging.
Transforming growth factor-beta and interleukin-1 modulate metalloproteinase expression by corneal stromal cells. (1991)

The enzyme collagenase participates in remodeling the extracellular matrix of corneal stroma during normal wound healing and mediates the degradation of extracellular matrix that occurs in many corneal pathologic states. Because this enzyme is synthesized and secreted by corneal cells, therapy of degradative disorders might be geared toward control of enzyme expression. The effects of two cytokines, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and interleukin-1 (IL-1), on the expression of collagenase by cultured corneal stromal cells are reported. In addition, the concomitant effects of these cytokines on expression of three additional members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family--stromelysin, 72-kilodalton (kD) gelatinase, and 92-kD gelatinase--were investigated. When stromal cells are situated in the normal corneal stroma, they produce only a single MMP, 72-kD gelatinase. This pattern of expression was reproduced by stromal cells freshly plated in primary culture. However after passage in culture, the cells also began to secrete collagenase and stromelysin. Treatment of primary cultures with recombinant human IL-1 also induced collagenase and stromelysin expression. In addition, 92-kD gelatinase expression was induced and 72-kD gelatinase expression was increased further by IL-1 treatment. Treatment of passaged cultures or IL-1-treated primary cultures with recombinant human TGF-beta reverted the pattern of enzyme expression toward that exhibited by primary, untreated cultures, ie, expression of collagenase and stromelysin was repressed while expression of 72-kD gelatinase was increased. These results suggest that TGF-beta and IL-1 may be important agents for controlling MMP expression in healthy and diseased corneas.
Cross sections for production of O2− and C− by dissociative electron attachment in CO2: An observation of the Renner-Teller effect (1974)

Using monoenergetic electron beams and mass analysis, we have measured the cross sections for production of O2− and C− by dissociative attachment in CO2. The cross section for O2− production has two peaks of the order of 10−24 cm2 at 11.3 ± 0.2 and 12.9 ± 0.2 eV incident electron energy. The double peaked nature of the cross section is interpreted as a manifestation of the Renner-Teller effect. The positions of these two peaks are in good agreement with INDO calculations. The cross section for C− production has three peaks at 16.0 ± 0.2, 17.0 ± 0.2, and 18.7 ± 0.1 eV, the largest of which, at 18.7 eV, has magnitude of approximately 2 × 10−21 cm2.
Stratigraphic modelling of turbidite prospects to reduce exploration risk (2008)

This article presents an integrated workflow to model the evolution of ancient turbidity currents on a 3D structurally reconstructed palaeo-seafloor, allowing ancient turbidite sediment distributions to be estimated. Effective use of such approaches requires efficient model-inversion procedures so that model parameters (e.g. flow dimensions, densities etc.) can be estimated from any available data. It is shown that a directed Monte Carlo approach (i.e. a simple genetic search algorithm) is very effective. A case study of a Mesozoic prospect in the UK North Sea shows the power of these methods to discriminate between potentially attractive sediment-source locations. The main power of this approach lies in its ability to exclude many, otherwise attractive, sedimentation scenarios.
Diastereoselective Gas-Phase Carbon-Carbon Bond Activation Mediated by "Bare" Co+ Cations (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiastereoselective Gas-Phase Carbon-Carbon Bond Activation Mediated by "Bare" Co+ CationsGeorg Hornung, Detlef Schroeder, and Helmut SchwarzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 31, 8192–8196Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00136a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00136a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views157Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparison of Toluene Removal in Air at Atmospheric Conditions by Different Corona Discharges (2009)

Different types of corona discharges, produced by DC of either polarity (+/-DC) and positive pulsed (+pulsed) high voltages, were applied to the removal of toluene via oxidation in air at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Mechanistic insight was obtained through comparison of the three different corona regimes with regard to process efficiency, products, response to the presence of humidity and, for DC coronas, current/voltage characteristics coupled with ion analysis. Process efficiency increases in the order +DC < -DC < +pulsed, with pulsed processing being remarkably efficient compared to recently reported data for related systems. With -DC, high toluene conversion and product selectivity were achieved, CO(2) and CO accounting for about 90% of all reacted carbon. Ion analysis, performed by APCI-MS (Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization-Mass Spectrometry), provides a powerful rationale for interpreting current/voltage characteristics of DC coronas. All experimental findings are consistent with the proposal that in the case of +DC corona toluene oxidation is initiated by reactions with ions (O(2)(+*), H(3)O(+) and their hydrates, NO(+)) both in dry as well as in humid air. In contrast, with -DC no evidence is found for any significant reaction of toluene with negative ions. It is also concluded that in humid air OH radicals are involved in the initial stage of toluene oxidation induced both by -DC and +pulsed corona.
Reverse Genetics of Floral Scent: Application of Tobacco Rattle Virus-Based Gene Silencing in Petunia (2007)

Floral fragrance is responsible for attracting pollinators as well as repelling pathogens and pests. As such, it is of immense biological importance. Molecular dissection of the mechanisms underlying scent production would benefit from the use of model plant systems with big floral organs that generate an array of volatiles and that are amenable to methods of forward and reverse genetics. One candidate is petunia (Petunia hybrida), which has emerged as a convenient model system, and both RNAi and overexpression approaches using transgenes have been harnessed for the study of floral volatiles. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is characterized by a simple inoculation procedure and rapid results relative to transgenesis. Here, we demonstrate the applicability of the tobacco rattle virus-based VIGS system to studies of floral scent. Suppression of the anthocyanin pathway via chalcone synthase silencing was used as a reporter, allowing easy visual identification of anthocyaninless silenced flowers/tissues with no effect on the level of volatile emissions. Use of tobacco rattle virus constructs containing target genes involved in phenylpropanoid volatile production, fused to the chalcone synthase reporter, allowed simple identification of flowers with suppressed activity of the target genes. The applicability of VIGS was exemplified with genes encoding S-adenosyl-l-methionine:benzoic acid/salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase, phenylacetaldehyde synthase, and the myb transcription factor ODORANT1. Because this high-throughput reverse-genetics approach was applicable to both structural and regulatory genes responsible for volatile production, it is expected to be highly instrumental for large-scale scanning and functional characterization of novel scent genes.
ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISM OF CYCLIZATION OF ARYL RADICALS CONTAINING UNSATURATED O‐SUBSTITUENTS (1975)

Abstract Die Jodide (I) werden mit Tributylstannan in Gegenwart von Azoisobutyronitril im evakuierten Rohr auf 130°C erhitzt und ergeben die Reduktionsprodukte (II) und (III).
Outdated Uplink Adaptation Due to Changes in the Scheduling Decisions in Interfering Cells (2008)

The major difference between a non-cellular system, i.e. a single isolated cell, and a cellular system is the intercell interference (ICI). In the uplink, the base station can measure the users' signal to noise and interference ratio (SINR) and through a feedforward channel it can inform the users which coding and modulation scheme to apply in order to perform link adaptation (LA). However, a user's SINR observed in the uplink by the base station when determining the link adaptation decision might no longer be the same when the link adaptation is effected by the user due to fluctuations of the intercell interference. By then, the intercell interference could have greatly changed even if the users are static, due to changes in the scheduling decisions in the interfering cells. Hence, the uplink transmission would no longer have the correct link adaptation for the current SINR, since we are to some extent blind with respect to the ICI. In this work, we quantify this degree of ICI blindness by the correlation between the measured ICI and the actual experienced ICI. Furthermore, we analyze the degradation in throughput for different degrees of ICI correlation which depends on the scheduling in the interfering cells. Additionally, we show how much benefit correct link adaptation provides in a cellular environment over outdated link adaptation. In this work, we assume that there is no intracell interference as a consequence of an orthogonal multiple access scheme.
Tonic inhibitory action by nitric oxide on spontaneous mechanical activity in rat proximal colon: involvement of cyclic GMP and apamin‐sensitive K<sup>+</sup> channels (1999)

1. The cellular mechanisms by which endogenous nitric oxide (NO) modulates spontaneous motility were investigated in rat isolated proximal colon. The mechanical activity was detected as changes in intraluminal pressure. 2. Apamin (1-100 nM) produced a concentration-dependent increase in the amplitude of the spontaneous pressure waves. The maximal contractile effect was of the same degree as that produced by Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (100 microM) and the joint application of apamin plus L-NAME had no additive effects. Apamin (0.1 microM) reduced the inhibitory effects (i.e. reduction in the amplitude of the pressure waves) induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (1 nM - 10 microM) or 8-Br-cyclic GMP (1-100 microM). 3. 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) (0.1-5 microM), inhibitor of NO-stimulated guanylate cyclase, produced a concentration-dependent increase of the spontaneous contractions. ODQ (1 microM) in the presence of apamin (0.1 microM) did not produce any further increase in the contraction amplitude, whereas after L-NAME (100 microM) it decreased the spontaneous contractions. ODQ (1 microM) reduced the SNP inhibitory effects. 4. Zaprinast (1-50 microM), inhibitor of cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase, produced a concentration-dependent decrease of the spontaneous contractions. The effects of zaprinast were significantly reduced in the presence of apamin (0.1 microM) or L-NAME (100 microM). 5. These results suggest that small conductance Ca2+-dependent K+ channels and cyclic GMP are involved in the modulation of the spontaneous contractile activity in rat proximal colon. Cyclic GMP production system and opening of apamin-sensitive K+ channels appear to work sequentially in transducing an endogenous NO signal.
Selective Screening of High Temperature Superconductors by Resonant Eddy Current Analysis (1990)

Abstract : Electromagnetic shielding is often required in the design and construction of Army facilities and equipment to protect electrical systems or electronic components from the effects of unwanted electromagnetic energy. With the discovery of High Transition Critical Temperature Superconducting (HiTcS) compounds in 1987, researchers immediately sought electromagnetic applications for these novel materials. The purpose of this study was to develop an alternate screening analysis to supplement the traditional resistive methods of assessing HiTcS compounds' practically for electromagnetic applications. This report sets forth both the principle and practice of Resonant Eddy Current Analysis (RECA) and its applicability as a screening agent for prospective High Temperature Superconductors. The RECA methodology can provide an accurate measure of a sample's bulk critical density. It is inexpensive, requiring only an inductor, several capacitors, and an impedance meter. Its high intrinsic sensitivity can be maximized. The method provides a definitive signature unique to superconductors undergoing a magnetic phase transition. It does not require the conducting regions of a given sample to be contiguous and can provide valuable sample quality information for properly thermostated samples.
Diamondlike carbon protective coatings for IR materials (1985)

Diamondlike carbon (DLC) films have the potential to protect optical windows in applications where it is important to maintain the integrity of the specular transmittance of these films on ZnS and ZnSe infrared transmitting windows. The films must be adherent and durable such that they protect the windows from rain and particle erosion as well as chemical attack. In order to optimize the performance of these films, 0.1 micro m thick diamondlike carbon films were deposited on fused silica and silicon wafers, using three different methods of ion beam deposition. One method was sputter deposition from a carbon target using an 8 cm ion source. The merits of hydrogen addition were experimentally evaluated in conjunction with this method. The second method used a 30 cm hollow cathode ion source with hydrocarbon/Argon gases to deposit diamondlike carbon films from the primary beam at 90 to 250 eV. The third method used a dual beam system employing a hydrocarbon/Argon 30 cm ion source and an 8 cm ion source. Films were evaluated for adherence, intrinsic stress, infrared transmittance between 2.5 and 50 micro m, and protection from particle erosion. An erosion test using a sandblaster was used to give quantitative values of the protection afforded to the fused silica by the diamondlike carbon films. The fused silica surfaces protected by diamondlike carbon films were exposed to 100 micro m diameter SiO particles at 60 mi/hr (26.8/sec) in the sandblaster.
The National Acoustic Laboratoriesʼ Procedure for Selecting the Saturation Sound Pressure Level of Hearing Aids: Theoretical Derivation (1998)

The theoretical procedure provides a good initial prescription of three frequency average SSPL, but it is still essential to evaluate the fitting and, if necessary, fine tune the individual's hearing aid. Compression limiting hearing aids can have slightly lower SSPL settings than peak clipping hearing aids for the same acceptability.
A Unified Labeling Approach by Pooling Diverse Datasets for Entity Typing. (2018)

Evolution of entity typing (ET) has led to the generation of multiple datasets. These datasets span from being coarse-grained to fine-grained encompassing numerous domains. Existing works primarily focus on improving the performance of a model on an individual dataset, independently. This narrowly focused view of ET causes two issues: 1) type assignment when information about the test data domain or target label set is not available; 2) fine-grained type prediction when there is no dataset in the same domain with finer-type annotations. Our goal is to shift the focus from individual domain-specific datasets to all the datasets available for ET. In our proposed approach, we convert the label set of all datasets to a unified hierarchical label set while preserving the semantic properties of the individual labels. Then utilizing a partial label loss, we train a single neural network based classifier using every available dataset for the ET task. We empirically evaluate the effectiveness of our approach on seven real-world diverse ET datasets. The results convey that the combined training on multiple datasets helps the model to generalize better and to predict fine-types across all domains without relying on a specific domain or label set information during evaluation.
Organically-modified mesoporous silica spheres with MCM-41 architecture (2002)

New hybrid inorganic–organic materials displaying both an ordered mesoporous structure and spherical morphology have been synthesised by co-condensation of tetraethoxysilane and organoalkoxysilanes in water–ethanol solution containing ammonia in the presence of surfactant as templating agent.
The Chemistry of Thioether-Substituted Hydroquinones and Quinones. I. The 1,4-Addition of a Heterocyclic Mercaptan to Quinones (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Chemistry of Thioether-Substituted Hydroquinones and Quinones. I. The 1,4-Addition of a Heterocyclic Mercaptan to QuinonesR. F. Porter, W. W. Rees, E. Frauenglass, H. S. Wilgus III, G. H. Nawn, P. P. Chiesa, and J. W. Gates Jr.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 3, 588–594Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01026a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01026a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views205Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preparation and chiral recognition ability of cellulose 3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate immobilized on silica gel through radical polymerization (2003)

Abstract Polysaccharide‐immobilized chiral stationary phases (CSPs) were prepared by the polymerization of cellulose 3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate, having a polymerizable vinyl group, such as 4‐vinylphenylcarbamate or 2‐methacryloyloxyethylcarbamate, at the 6‐position, with a vinyl monomer, such as styrene, isoprene, t ‐butyl acrylate, or t ‐butyl methacrylate, on silica gel under various conditions. Their chiral recognition abilities were then evaluated with high‐performance liquid chromatography. The immobilized cellulose 3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate remained on the silica gel even if washed with tetrahydrofuran, which could dissolve the cellulose derivative. The chiral recognition abilities of the immobilized CSPs were similar to those of the coated CSPs when the vinyl monomer content was low. The chiral recognition abilities of the obtained immobilized CSPs slightly depended on the vinyl monomers. The immobilization of the cellulose derivatives was more efficiently attained on the silica gel modified with a vinyl compound. The cellulose derivatives, randomly having a vinyl group at the 2‐, 3‐, or 6‐position of the glucose unit, were prepared by a one‐pot reaction. The immobilization efficiency of these derivatives was slightly lower than that of the derivative with the vinyl group at the 6‐position. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 3703–3712, 2003
Spectral beam combining of quantum cascade lasers in an external cavity (2009)

In this contribution, we demonstrate that spectral beam combining in an external cavity (EC), a technique which has been applied previously to shorter wavelength diode laser bars [1], is also applicable to mid-infrared QC lasers. Within this concept, the output of multiple emitters from a 4.6 μm emitting QC laser chip is combined in a single, collinear beam. The average power of an EC-QC laser module realized that way surpasses the output of a corresponding single emitter by more than a factor of 4. Furthermore, the EC-concept allows a certain degree of wavelength tuning during operation. The EC, consisting of a collimating lens, a grating and a partially reflecting outcoupling mirror, forces each laser to emit at a unique wavelength defined by its offset relative to the main optical axis. The EC approach further ensures the collinear directional and spatial overlap of the individual QC laser output beams forming a single combined output beam.