gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of nitric oxide in the uterus and cervix: Implications for the management of labor (1998)

The results of our experimental studies indicate that that parturition is composed principally of two major phases, a relatively long conditioning (preparatory) phase followed by a short and probably irreversible active labor phase. The major events of conditioning phase are: (i) the progression of uterine contractility from an inactive to a vigorously active state, (ii) cervical ripening, and (iii) activation of fetal membranes. Our experimental and molecular studies indicate that nitric oxide (NO) is an important element in controlling uterine and cervical functions during the transition from pregnancy to the conditioning phase of labor. These studies show that NO acts in concert with progesterone to regulate uterine quiescence and cervical rigidity. In the rat uterus and cervix NO is produced mainly by the cytokine-inducible NO synthase (iNOS) which expression is gestationally-regulated and progesterone-dependent. During pregnancy iNOS expression is up-regulated in the uterus and down-regulated in the cervix. Opposite changes occur during term and antiprogestin-induced preterm labor. Our studies with NOS-inhibitors and NO donors suggest that in the uterus a decrease in NO production contributes to the initiation of labor, whereas in the cervix NO acts as a final metabolic mediator of cervical ripening. The evidence also indicates that NO donors have therapeutic potential as tocolytic agents. On the other hand, locally applied NO donors can be used to induce cervical ripening. In addition iNOS, may represent a new target for novel therapeutic agents capable of promoting or inhibiting uterine of both contractility and cervical ripening. There is an urgent need for controlled studies demonstrating clinical efficacy and safety of NO donors in obstetrics.
Light scattering by neutrophils: model, simulation, and experiment (2008)

We studied the elastic light-scattering properties of human blood neutrophils, both experimentally and theoretically. The experimental study was performed with a scanning flow cytometer measuring the light-scattering patterns (LSPs) of individual cells over an angular range of 5-60 deg. We determined the absolute differential light-scattering cross sections of neutrophils. We also proposed an optical model for a neutrophil as a sphere filled by small spheres and prolate spheroids that correspond to granules and segmented nucleus, respectively. This model was used in simulations of LSPs using the discrete dipole approximation and different compositions of internal organelles. A comparison of experimentally measured and simulated LSPs gives a good qualitative agreement in LSP shape and quantitative agreement in overall magnitude of the differential light-scattering cross section.
Web GIS를 이용한 수요자 중심의 하천수질 정보시스템 구현 (2002)

정부에서 국민에게 공개하는 하천수질정보가 비환경전문가인 일반 수요자의 지식 수준을 고려한 서비스를 제공하지 못하는 한계가 있다. 이와 같은 문제에 대해 대안 을 제시하고자, 본 연구에서는 수질오염 측정결과와 지역주민이 일상생활에서 접하고 있는 지역의 지도(행정경제, 수계, 도로망등)를 결합하여 2차원 수질오염지도를 제작 하였다. 다양한 수질측정항목에 대해 다년간 축척된 방대한 자료를 간단하게 검색하고 컴퓨터 지도에 출력함 수 있는 인터페이스가 설계되었다. 아울러 수질측정결과를 그래픽정보로 가공하여 광역적인 수질오염변화 추이를 풍부한 시각 정보로 지도상에 디스플레이 할 수 있는 기법이 구현되었다. 본 연구를 통하여 구축된 시스템은 인터넷의 편리한 인터페이스, 자료 공유의 편리성을 이용하여 전 세계 어디에서나 서비스 에 대한 접근이 가능하다. 본 수요자 중심의 대민수질환경 인터넷GIS가 정부차원에서 도입되어 실무에 이용될 경우, 일반인이 수절환경에 대한 전문지식을 습득할 필요없이, 검색하고자 하는 지역과 각종 수질측정 데이타를 선택하여 실생활과 관련된 수질 정보에 접근할 수 있어, 대민 환경정보 서비스 질의 개선측면에서 획기적인 계기를 마련할 것으로 사료된다.
Non-linear dynamical signal characterization for prediction of defibrillation success through machine learning (2012)

We report the development and first-use of a nontraditional non-linear method of analyzing the VF ECG signal, yielding high predictive accuracies of defibrillation success. Furthermore, incorporation of features from the PetCO2 signal noticeably increased model robustness. These predictive capabilities should further improve with the availability of a larger database.
Conversion of Peripheral Blood NK Cells to a Decidual NK-like Phenotype by a Cocktail of Defined Factors (2013)

Abstract NK cells that populate the decidua are important regulators of normal placentation. In contrast to peripheral blood NK cells, decidual NK (dNK) cells lack cytotoxicity, secrete proangiogenic factors, and regulate trophoblast invasion. In this study we show that exposure to a combination of hypoxia, TGF-β1, and a demethylating agent results in NK cells that express killer cell Ig-like receptors, the dNK cell markers CD9 and CD49a, and a dNK pattern of chemokine receptors. These cells secrete vascular endothelial growth factor (a potent proangiogenic molecule), display reduced cytotoxicity, and promote invasion of human trophoblast cell lines. These findings have potential therapeutic applications for placental disorders associated with altered NK cell biology.
Ultrasonic Determination of Three-Dimensional Spatial and Temporal Thermal Distribution for Therapy Monitoring (2006)

Thermal therapies such as radio frequency, heated saline, and high-intensity focused ultrasound ablations are often performed sub-optimally due to the inability to monitor the spatial and temporal distribution of delivered heat and the extent of the necrotic tissue. Ultrasound imaging can be used to measure the deposition of heat through local thermally related changes in speed of sound; however the clinical applicability of these techniques have been hampered by the two-dimensional nature of traditional ultrasound imaging. In this paper, we present methodology, results, and validation of an imaging technique that uses a three-dimensional ultrasound imaging system to track the spatial and temporal evolution of heat deposition
Motion compensation with a scanned ion beam: a technical feasibility study (2008)

Motion compensation with scanned particle beams is technically feasible with high precision.
Structure-Based Design of Nonpeptidic HIV Protease Inhibitors:  The Sulfonamide-Substituted Cyclooctylpyranones (1997)

Recently, cyclooctylpyranone derivatives with m-carboxamide substituents (e.g. 2c) were identified as potent, nonpeptidic HIV protease inhibitors, but these compounds lacked significant antiviral activity in cell culture. Substitution of a sulfonamide group at the meta position, however, produces compounds with excellent HIV protease binding affinity and antiviral activity. Guided by an iterative structure-based drug design process, we have prepared and evaluated a number of these derivatives, which are readily available via a seven-step synthesis. A few of the most potent compounds were further evaluated for such characteristics as pharmacokinetics and toxicity in rats and dogs. From this work, the p-cyanophenyl sulfonamide derivative 35k emerged as a promising inhibitor, was selected for further development, and entered phase I clinical trials.
Identification of Spectral Modifications Occurring during Reprogramming of Somatic Cells (2012)

Recent technological advances in cell reprogramming by generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) offer major perspectives in disease modelling and future hopes for providing novel stem cells sources in regenerative medicine. However, research on iPSC still requires refining the criteria of the pluripotency stage of these cells and exploration of their equivalent functionality to human embryonic stem cells (ESC). We report here on the use of infrared microspectroscopy to follow the spectral modification of somatic cells during the reprogramming process. We show that induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) adopt a chemical composition leading to a spectral signature indistinguishable from that of embryonic stem cells (ESC) and entirely different from that of the original somatic cells. Similarly, this technique allows a distinction to be made between partially and fully reprogrammed cells. We conclude that infrared microspectroscopy signature is a novel methodology to evaluate induced pluripotency and can be added to the tests currently used for this purpose.
Mutations in <i>GYPB</i> exon 5 drive the S–s–U+<sup>var</sup> phenotype in persons of African descent: implications for transfusion (2003)

The S-s-U+var phenotype arises from changes in or around GYPB exon 5. The weak expression of U and in most examples, He, may be due to low levels of normal transcription of the variant gene or to posttranscriptional down regulation.
Notes from the Field: Outbreaks of Shigella sonnei Infection with Decreased Susceptibility to Azithromycin Among Men Who Have Sex with Men - Chicago and Metropolitan Minneapolis-St. Paul, 2014. (2015)

Increasing rates of shigellosis among adult males, particularly men who have sex with men (MSM), have been documented in the United States, Canada, and Europe, and MSM appear to be at greater risk for infection with shigellae that are not susceptible to ciprofloxacin or azithromycin. Azithromycin is the first-line empiric antimicrobial treatment for shigellosis among children and is a second-line treatment among adults. Isolates collected in 2014 in two U.S. cities from outbreaks of shigellosis displayed highly similar pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns and decreased susceptibility to azithromycin (DSA). This report summarizes and compares the findings from investigations of the two outbreaks, which occurred among MSM in metropolitan Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota, and Chicago, Illinois.
Concurrently update the scan-initialization data of a processor core (2012)

The IBM zEnterprise® 196 (z196) server has the ability to update the scan-initialization data of a processor core concurrent to the operation of the server. In previous System z® servers, updates of the scan-initialization data of a processor core could only be performed disruptively, requiring a customer to again perform an initial microcode load on his server to pick up changes to the processor core scan-initialization values. With the z196 server, a spare processor core is clock stopped, the new scan-initialization data is applied, the clocks on the spare processor core are then restarted, and the spare processor is brought back into the server configuration concurrent to the functional operation of the server. To achieve the concurrent application of the scan-initialization data to a nonspare processor core, the physical backing of this nonspare processor is first swapped with a spare processor, the updates are made, and then the physical backing is swapped back in order to maintain the original physical configuration. This process is invoked on each physical processor core in the system until all processor cores have been updated. Handling of updates of the scan-initialization data is smoothly embedded into the existing fix application framework so that dependence with other code updates is transparently handled for the customer. With this new capability, both fix application and the possibility of enabling new hardware functionality on a processor core can now be done concurrently with the server operation, which is another step toward the goal of achieving 100% availability in a System z server.
Physical modelling of non-invasive silicon temperature measurement by infrared absorption (2002)

It has recently been shown that the temperature of silicon wafers can be measured in situ in rapid thermal processing reactors by monitoring the infrared absorption of the substrate at specific wavelengths. In the present work, a physical model of infrared absorption in silicon is used to determine the dominant absorption mechanisms in the relevant temperature and wavelength ranges. The model is then used to predict the ultimate temperature ranges of applicability of the technique and to show the effects of heavy doping. Since free carrier absorption dominates at wavelengths over 1.55 mu m, approximately 850 degrees C may be estimated as an upper limit for the technique of silicon temperature measurement by infrared transmission. Because bandgap absorption dominates at short wavelengths, the technique may be extended to temperatures as low as 77 K.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Morphologic and immunohistochemical observations of tissues surrounding retrieved transvenous pacemaker leads (2002)

Immunohistochemical and morphologic techniques were employed to evaluate the tissue response around chronically implanted pacing leads. Seventeen leads were retrieved from 12 patients. Leads were extracted by direct manual traction (1), extraction with sheaths and locking stylets (1), or with by a combination of mechanical tools and Excimer laser sheaths (15). Mean lead implantation time was 5.6 years (range 1-8 years). Frozen sections, 6-8 microm thick, were incubated with antibodies against HLA-DR antigen, endothelial cells, macrophages, T cells, plasma cells, fibrinogen, and interleukin-1beta. Prominent morphologic observations were fibrous encapsulations of the leads. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a tissue generally devoid of inflammatory and immune cells. The fibrous capsule surrounding the lead was partially or completely covered with a monolayer of CD34 expressing endothelial cells. The results from this study provide useful information in design and material selection for pacemaker leads. Endothelialization of the fibrous encapsulation indicates a functionalization of blood-contacting surfaces around pacemaker materials, thus providing a mechanism for long-term persistence of foreign materials in the blood. The laser method allowed an efficient extraction of pacemaker leads without damage to the studied tissues, as suggested by the presence of immunolabeled cells close to the cut surfaces.
Alternative structure for computing APPs of the markov source (2003)

We introduce an alternative structure for computing the a posteriori probabilities (APPs) for state and transition sequences of a Markov source observed through a noisy output sequence. Compared to the well-established forward-backward recursion algorithm of Bahl et al. (1974), the proposed structure allows a reduction in computational complexity at the expense of increased memory requirements. Alternatively, for a similar complexity level, the proposed structure needs smaller memory when the input alphabet size is small.
Nucleotide sequence analysis of the glycoprotein gene of putative spring viraemia of carp virus and pike fry rhabdovirus isolates reveals four genogroups (2003)

RT-PCR methods have been applied to the detection and sequencing of the glycoprotein gene of putative spring viraemia of carp viruses (SVCV) and pike fry rhabdoviruses (PFRV), including isolates from tench, grass carp, roach, bream and false harlequin, sheatfish and orfe. Phylogenetic analysis of a 550 nucleotide (nt) region of the glycoprotein gene identified 4 groups, I to IV. Significantly, the majority of viruses previously identified as PFRV formed a distinct cluster (Genogroup IV) which shared <80% nucleotide identity with the PFRV reference strain (Genogroup III). The similarity between another PFRV-like virus isolated from grass carp and representatives of Genogroups III and IV was also <80%, indicating that this virus belonged to a third group (Genogroup II). All of the putative SVC viruses were assigned to a 4th group (Genogroup I), sharing <61% nucleotide identity with viruses in Genogroups II to IV.
Oil filled free flooded ring transducer for deep submergence applications (2013)

Free flooded ring transducers can be used at unlimited depth in the ocean. General practice for encapsulation of these transducers is to use direct over moulding with rubber or polyurethane. Compared to direct moulding over the ceramic, an oil filled encapsulation provides better coupling with the medium and higher source level. In this study an oil filled free flooded ring transducer is modeled using ATILA, a finite element package for the design of underwater transducers. Modeling study is carried out to compare the performance of a directly molded transducer with an oil filled transducer. Effect of oil column thickness over the ceramic is also studied. One of the transducers modeled is also manufactured and the results are compared with the analysis. Characteristics of the transducers such as Transmitting Voltage Response and Receiving Sensitivity are reported.
Lack of In Vitro and In Vivo Recognition of <i>Francisella tularensis</i> Subspecies Lipopolysaccharide by Toll-Like Receptors (2006)

Francisella tularensis is an intracellular gram-negative bacterium that is highly infectious and potentially lethal. Several subspecies exist of varying pathogenicity. Infection by only a few organisms is sufficient to cause disease depending on the model system. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of gram-negative bacteria is generally recognized by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/MD-2 and induces a strong proinflammatory response. Examination of human clinical F. tularensis isolates revealed that human virulent type A and type B strains produced lipid A of similar structure to the nonhuman model pathogen of mice, Francisella novicida. F. novicida LPS or lipid A is neither stimulatory nor an antagonist for human and murine cells through TLR4 or TLR2. It does not appear to interact with TLR4 or MD-2, as it is not an antagonist to other stimulatory LPS. Consistent with these observations, aerosolization of F. novicida LPS or whole bacteria induced no inflammatory response in mice. These results suggest that poor innate recognition of F. tularensis allows the bacterium to evade early recognition by the host innate immune system to promote its pathogenesis for mammals.
Precision two-coordinate one-mirror scanning device (1976)

A precision two-dimensional scanning device is described for handling graphical information in physics research (pictures from bubble chambers, photoemulsions, etc.). The scanning device is a mirror which ensures the deviation of a finely focused light beam by +- 12/sup 0/ with respect to each of its axes with a quantization of the angle reading amounting to at worst 0.2''. The mirror is moved by means of a magnetoelectric drive. The construction of the scanner and the optical scheme for the measurement installation which is used to process the graphical information are considered. Results of experimental investigations of the scanner are presented.
Enhanced permeation arising from dual transport pathways in hybrid polymer–MOF membranes (2015)

Hybrid polymer/inorganic membranes with dual transport pathways exhibit exceptional separation performance for carbon capture and non-classical gas transport behavior upon formation of a percolative network.
Reversible Control of Protein Localization in Living Cells Using a Photocaged-Photocleavable Chemical Dimerizer (2018)

Many dynamic biological processes are regulated by protein-protein interactions and protein localization. Experimental techniques to probe such processes with temporal and spatial precision include photoactivatable proteins and chemically induced dimerization (CID) of proteins. CID has been used to study several cellular events, especially cell signaling networks, which are often reversible. However, chemical dimerizers that can be both rapidly activated and deactivated with high spatiotemporal resolution are currently limited. Herein, we present a novel chemical inducer of protein dimerization that can be rapidly turned on and off using single pulses of light at two orthogonal wavelengths. We demonstrate the utility of this molecule by controlling peroxisome transport and mitotic checkpoint signaling in living cells. Our system highlights and enhances the spatiotemporal control offered by CID. This tool addresses biological questions on subcellular levels by controlling protein-protein interactions.
Photonic band-gap effect, localization, and waveguiding in the two-dimensional Penrose lattice (2001)

We report experimental observation of a full photonic band gap in a two-dimensional Penrose lattice made of dielectric rods. Tightly confined defect modes having high quality factors were observed. Absence of the translational symmetry in Penrose lattice was used to change the defect frequency within the stop band. We also achieved the guiding and bending of electromagnetic waves through a row of missing rods. Propagation of photons along highly localized coupled-cavity modes was experimentally demonstrated and analyzed within the tight-binding approximation.
Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water by niobate single molecular sheets and ensembles (2014)

We report single molecular sheets of niobate prepared by a simple bottom-up approach using hydrothermal synthesis of niobium ethoxide with the aid of triethanolamine as a structural modifier: the high kinetic stability of these molecular entities against self-assembly allows them to mix well with other colloids and facilitates their extensive electronic interactions and thus photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity from water is much enhanced over composite of single niobate sheets with graphene and MoS2 due to efficient electron transfer and charge separation.
Suppression of Frothing by Silicon Addition During Oxynitride Glass Synthesis (1985)

Several oxynitride glasses were synthesized with and without the addition of a few weight percent of free silicon. For Mg‐Si‐0‐N and Si‐Al‐0‐N glass compositions, the severe frothing (or “bubbling”) which was observed during melting could be eliminated completely by the addition of silicon. In a Y‐Si‐Al‐0‐N composition, frothing was not observed, even when no silicon was added. The results are used to explain why A1N is superior to Si 3 N 4 for synthesizing transparent oxynitride glasses.
A Leucine-Rich Motif Targets <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> ExoS within Mammalian Cells (2005)

Type III cytotoxins contribute to the ability of bacterial pathogens to subvert the host innate immune system. ExoS (453 amino acids) is a bifunctional type III cytotoxin produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Residues 96 to 232 comprise a Rho GTPase activating protein domain, while residues 233 to 453 comprise a 14-3-3-dependent ADP-ribosyltransferase domain. An N-terminal domain (termed the membrane localization domain [MLD]) targets ExoS to the Golgi-endoplasmic reticulum (Golgi-ER) of mammalian cells. This study identifies an amino acid motif that is responsible for the membrane binding properties of the MLD. Deletion mapping showed that the MLD included a symmetrical leucine-rich motif within residues 51 to 77 of ExoS. The terminal dileucines and internal leucines and an isoleucine within the MLD, but not charged or other hydrophobic residues, targeted a reporter protein to the Golgi-ER region of HeLa cells. Mutations of the leucines within the MLD did not affect type III secretion or translocation into HeLa cells but limited the ability of ExoS to ADP-ribosylate Ras GTPases. Mutations of charged residues within the MLD did not affect type III secretion, delivery into HeLa cells, or the ability of ExoS to ADP-ribosylate Ras GTPases. The organization of the leucines within the MLD of ExoS is different from that of previously described leucine-rich motifs but is present in several other bacterial proteins. This implies a role for intracellular targeting in the efficient targeting of mammalian cells by type III cytotoxins.
Influence of the Alkali Treatment of HZSM-5 Zeolite on Catalytic Performance of PtSn-Based Catalyst for Propane Dehydrogenation (2013)

The porous material ATZ with micro-mesopore hierarchical porosity was prepared by alkali treatment of parent HZSM-5 zeolite and applied for propane dehydrogenation. The zeolite samples were characterized by XRD, N2-physisorption, and NH 3-TPD analysis. The results showed that the alkali treatment can modify the physicochemical properties of HZSM-5 zeolite. In this case, the porous material ATZ showed larger external surface area with less acid sites as compared to the HZSM-5 zeolite. It was found out that the alkali treatment of HZSM-5 zeolite could promote the catalytic performance of PtSn/ATZ catalyst. The possible reason was ascribed to the low acidity of ATZ. Furthermore, the presence of mesopores could reduce the carbon deposits on the metallic surface, which was also favorable for the dehydrogenation reaction.