gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling the plasma chemistry of C2F6 and CHF3 etching of silicon dioxide, with comparisons to etch rate and diagnostic data (2001)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Pauline Ho, Justine E. Johannes, Richard J. Buss, Ellen Meeks; Modeling the plasma chemistry of C2F6 and CHF3 etching of silicon dioxide, with comparisons to etch rate and diagnostic data. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 1 September 2001; 19 (5): 2344–2367. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.1387048 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAVS: Science & Technology of Materials Interfaces and ProcessingJournal of Vacuum Science & Technology A Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
The undagraph (1913)

Research Article| March 01, 1913 The undagraph Otto Klotz Otto Klotz Dominion ObservatoryOttawa, Canada. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (1913) 3 (1): 20–23. https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0030010020 Article history first online: 03 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Otto Klotz; The undagraph. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 1913;; 3 (1): 20–23. doi: https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0030010020 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentBy SocietyBulletin of the Seismological Society of America Search Advanced Search This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this article.
Imaging Multidrug Resistance P-glycoprotein Transport Function Using MicroPET with Technetium-94m-Sestamibi (2005)

The best characterized mechanism of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer involves the MDR1 efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (Pgp). The positron-emitting radiotracer hexakis(2-methoxyisobutylisonitrile)-(94m)Tc ((94m)Tc-MIBI) was synthesized and validated in cell transport studies as a substrate for MDR1 Pgp. In vivo small-scale PET imaging and biodistribution studies of mdr1a/1b (-/-) gene deleted and wild-type mice demonstrated the use of (94m)Tc-MIBI to detect Pgp function. The reversal effect of a Pgp modulator was shown in tissue distribution studies of KB 3-1 (Pgp-) and KB 8-5 (Pgp+) tumor-bearing nude mice. The current (94m)Tc-MIBI experiments parallel previous studies employing (99m)Tc-MIBI, showing essentially identical performance of the two technetium radiotracers and providing biological validation of (94m)Tc-MIBI for PET imaging of multidrug resistance.
In vitro Experiment of Blood Flow Using Micro PIV Technique (2003)

Biophysical behavior of blood in the vasculature is of importance in microcirculation researches. Especially, rheological properties of blood flow have been studied using in vivo and in vitro experiments. This paper describes flow characteristics of in vitro blood flow. In order to obtain velocity distributions with high spatial resolution, a micro PIV technique, which consists of a fluorescent microscope, double-pulsed YAG laser and cooled CCD camera, was applied to in vitro blood flow experiment through a micro round tube of a diameter 100 μm. Velocity distributions with spatial resolutions of 5.9 x 0.73 μm were obtained even near the wall region. The results showed typical characteristics of Non-Newtonian fluid that the axial velocity profiles of blood flow were blunt around the center region of a tube.
Planar Interconnect Technology for Power Module System Integration (2012)

The recent developments in power semiconductor devices and increasing demands on reliability as well as on operation performance require innovative package technologies. Such a novel package technique based on a Planar Interconnect Technology (SiPLIT(r)) for power modules is introduced in this work. This package features thick Cu interconnects on a high-reliable insulating film for power semiconductor chip top contacts. Due to the conductor structure and contact technology, on-resistance and stray inductances are very low compared to state-of-the-art Al wire bonds. In addition, large area contacting improves the power cycling capability and surge current robustness significantly. These remarkable properties have been verified on several prototype modules where the manufacturing process has also been optimised in terms of cost-effectiveness, system integration and maturity for series production.
Interactions between Fibroblast Growth Factors and Notch Regulate Neuronal Differentiation (2001)

The differentiation of precursor cells into neurons has been shown to be influenced by both the Notch signaling pathway and growth factor stimulation. In this study, the regulation of neuronal differentiation by these mechanisms was examined in the embryonic day 10 neuroepithelial precursor (NEP) population. By downregulating Notch1 expression and by the addition of a Delta1 fusion protein (Delta Fc), it was shown that signaling via the Notch pathway inhibited neuron differentiation in the NEP cells, in vitro. The expression of two of the Notch receptor homologs, Notch1 and Notch3, and the ligand Delta1 in these NEP cells was found to be influenced by a number of different growth factors, indicating a potential interaction between growth factors and Notch signaling. Interestingly, none of the growth factors examined promoted neuron differentiation; however, the fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) 1 and 2 potently inhibited differentiation. FGF1 and FGF2 upregulated the expression of Notch and decreased expression of Delta1 in the NEP cells. In addition, the inhibitory response of the cells to the FGFs could be overcome by downregulating Notch1 expression and by disrupting Notch cleavage and signaling by the ablation of the Presenilin1 gene. These results indicate that FGF1 and FGF2 act via the Notch pathway, either directly or indirectly, to inhibit differentiation. Thus, signaling through the Notch receptor may be a common regulator of neuronal differentiation within the developing forebrain.
Striatal Neuroinflammation Promotes Parkinsonism in Rats (2009)

These results implicate neuroinflammation-induced S-nitrosylation/nitration of mitochondrial complex I in mitochondrial malfunction and subsequent degeneration of the nigral dopamine neurons.
[Comprehensive study on the risk factors of hepatitis B virus intrauterine infection]. (2008)

Risk factors of HBV intrauterine infection were HLA-DR3 positive and HBV DNA positive in pregnant women but there was no interaction between the two factors. The risk of HBV intrauterine infection was increased along with the increase of HBV DNA in pregnant women.
Actin-Based Plasticity in Dendritic Spines (2000)

The central nervous system functions primarily to convert patterns of activity in sensory receptors into patterns of muscle activity that constitute appropriate behavior. At the anatomical level this requires two complementary processes: a set of genetically encoded rules for building the basic network of connections, and a mechanism for subsequently fine tuning these connections on the basis of experience. Identifying the locus and mechanism of these structural changes has long been among neurobiology's major objectives. Evidence has accumulated implicating a particular class of contacts, excitatory synapses made onto dendritic spines, as the sites where connective plasticity occurs. New developments in light microscopy allow changes in spine morphology to be directly visualized in living neurons and suggest that a common mechanism, based on dynamic actin filaments, is involved in both the formation of dendritic spines during development and their structural plasticity at mature synapses.
Androgen receptor-mediated non-genomic regulation of prostate cancer cell proliferation. (2013)

Androgen receptor (AR)-mediated signaling is necessary for prostate cancer cell proliferation and an important target for therapeutic drug development. Canonically, AR signals through a genomic or transcriptional pathway, involving the translocation of androgen-bound AR to the nucleus, its binding to cognate androgen response elements on promoter, with ensuing modulation of target gene expression, leading to cell proliferation. However, prostate cancer cells can show dose-dependent proliferation responses to androgen within minutes, without the need for genomic AR signaling. This proliferation response known as the non-genomic AR signaling is mediated by cytoplasmic AR, which facilitates the activation of kinase-signaling cascades, including the Ras-Raf-1, phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and protein kinase C (PKC), which in turn converge on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, leading to cell proliferation. Further, since activated ERK may also phosphorylate AR and its coactivators, the non-genomic AR signaling may enhance AR genomic activity. Non-genomic AR signaling may occur in an ERK-independent manner, via activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, or modulation of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration through plasma membrane G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). These data suggest that therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing AR nuclear translocation and genomic AR signaling alone may not completely abrogate AR signaling. Thus, elucidation of mechanisms that underlie non-genomic AR signaling may identify potential mechanisms of resistance to current anti-androgens and help developing novel therapies that abolish all AR signaling in prostate cancer.
Selective Synthesis of Epolactaene Featuring Efficient Construction of Methyl (<i>Z</i>)-2-Iodo-2-butenoate and (2<i>R</i>,3<i>S</i>,4<i>S</i>)-2-Trimethylsilyl-2,3-epoxy-4-methyl- γ-butyrolactone (2006)

[reaction: see text] (+)-Epolactaene was synthesized in 14 steps in the longest linear sequence. The synthesis is highlighted by a highly efficient preparation of the lactone intermediate 4, which only requires three steps from the commercially available (S)-3-butyn-2-ol. It also features a fully stereocontrolled synthesis of the intermediate 9, which was constructed through the use of Zr-catalyzed methylalumination of alkynes and a series of Pd-catalyzed organozinc cross-coupling reactions, such as homopropargylation, direct ethynylation, and alkenylation of the methyl ester of (Z)-alpha-iodocrotonic acid (3).
Design and performance of small electromagnetically coupled monopole antenna for broadband operation (2007)

An electromagnetically coupled small broadband monopole antenna has been investigated. The antenna structure consists of a circular disk-loaded monopole and a probe with a spiral strip line monopole packed within a small electrical volume. Broad bandwidth can be achieved through electromagnetic coupling between these two monopoles that generate two resonances closely spaced in frequency. The antenna with a circular disk has an electrical size kr of 0.563 and has 430 MHz of impedance bandwidth for VSWR<2 with a centre frequency at 2.185 GHz, which is ≃19.7% of a fractional bandwidth. Measured efficiency of the circular disk-loaded antenna is 98% at its centre band region. The gain of the antenna is >1.55 dBi and the antenna has good omni-directional radiation characteristics.
Water and Hydrogen Halides Serve the Same Structural Role in a Series of 2+2 Hydrogen‐Bonded Dimers Based on 2,6‐Bis(2‐anilinoethynyl)pyridine Sulfonamide Receptors (2007)

Mix and match: A new series of receptors reveals an unusual propensity to form 2+2 hydrogen-bonded dimers with water or hydrogen halides. Remarkably, water and hydrogen chloride impart nearly identical structural features to the dimers. In fact, in one case (see picture, Cl green, O red, N blue, S yellow), one water molecule and one chloride ion work in concert to form a hydrogen-bonded dimer stitched together with seven hydrogen bonds. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z703971_s.html or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Palladium-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Bromides with Hindered <i>N</i>-Alkyl-Substituted Anilines Using a Palladium(I) Tri-<i>tert</i>-butylphosphine Bromide Dimer (2003)

An efficient palladium-catalyzed amination of aromatic bromides with hindered N-alkyl-substituted anilines is described, either using the combination of Pd(OAc)(2) and P(t-Bu)(3) or a palladium(I) tri-tert-butylphosphine bromide dimer, [Pd(mu-Br)(t-Bu(3)P)](2), a new, commercially available, and easily handled catalyst.
Beauty and the burst: remote identification of encrypted video streams (2017)

The MPEG-DASH streaming video standard contains an information leak: even if the stream is encrypted, the segmentation prescribed by the standard causes content-dependent packet bursts. We show that many video streams are uniquely characterized by their burst patterns, and classifiers based on convolutional neural networks can accurately identify these patterns given very coarse network measurements. We demonstrate that this attack can be performed even by a Web attacker who does not directly observe the stream, e.g., a JavaScript ad confined in a Web browser on a nearby machine.
Sensitivity of cloned high- and low-metastatic murine Lewis lung tumor cells to lysis by cytotoxic autoreactive cells. (1981)

Cloned malignant cell lines from primary tumor sites (two lines) and from a lung metastatic focus (one line) were established 14 and 28 days after s.c. inoculation of Lewis lung tumor cells into C57BL/6 mice. Cloning was done in semisolid agarose culture medium and individual clones expanded in liquid medium. In vivo malignancy of the three lines was assured by graft experiments to healthy C57BL/6 recipients. Morphology, cloning efficiency in agarose, and growth rate were the same for all three lines. However, the cloned line from a metastatic focus had a higher metastatic rate (number of lung metastases per 10(5) injected tumor cells) compared to the two other cell lines. T-lymphocyte-depleted mononuclear spleen cells from mice grafted with tumor cells 2 to 4 weeks previously were found to be cytotoxic to cells from all three lines, whereas unfractionated mononuclear spleen cells from the same animals had weak or no cytotoxic activity. The cytotoxicity of T-lymphocyte-depleted spleen cells was found to include other malignant and nonmalignant target cells of C57BL/6 origin, but not allogeneic cells. In mixing experiments, splenic T-lymphocytes inhibited the cytotoxic activity of non-T-lymphocytes. The high- and low-metastatic tumor cell lines were found to be equally sensitive to lysis by T-cell-depleted spleen cells, suggesting that the effector cells (cytotoxic autoreactive cells) may have a significant antineoplastic potential.
Essential Factors for Successful Virtual Screening (2008)

Virtual high-throughput screening (vHTS) is a powerful technique for identifying hit molecules as starting points for medicinal chemistry. Numerous successful applications of vHTS have been published using a large variety of methodologies. This review attempts to identify the essential factors for successful virtual screening in the hit identification phase.
Exoquence DNA sequencing (1993)

We have developed a strategy for DNA sequencing based on exonuclease III digestion followed by double strand specific endonuclease digestion and direct dideoxynucleotide sequencing reaction. This strategy eliminates the need for subcloning, oligonucleotide primers, and prior knowledge of the DNA to be sequenced. All template and primer duplexes needed for sequencing a complete insert can be prepared in one day from uncharacterized starting DNA. Sequence information can be obtained from different regions of the DNA simultaneously. The method uses double-stranded DNA to generate single-stranded template and primer, and thus produces high quality sequence results. Commercially available dideoxy-sequencing kits are well suited for this method. The strategy should be applicable for both automatic and routine laboratory DNA sequencing.
Pulmonary Function and Metabolic Physiology of Theropod Dinosaurs (1999)

Ultraviolet light analysis of a fossil of the theropod dinosaur Scipionyx samniticus revealed that the liver subdivided the visceral cavity into distinct anterior pleuropericardial and posterior abdominal regions. In addition, Scipionyx apparently had diaphragmatic musculature and a dorsally attached posterior colon. These features provide evidence that diaphragm-assisted lung ventilation was present in theropods and that these dinosaurs may have used a pattern of exercise physiology unlike that in any group of living tetrapods.
Probing <i>Aplysia</i> <i>californica</i> Adenosine 5‘-Diphosphate Ribosyl Cyclase for Substrate Binding Requirements:  Design of Potent Inhibitors (1999)

Readily synthesized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) analogues have been used to investigate aspects of the cyclization of NAD(+) to cyclic adenosine 5'-O-diphosphate ribose (cADPR) catalyzed by the enzyme adenosine 5'-O-diphosphate (ADP) ribosyl cyclase and to produce the first potent inhibitors of this enzyme. In all cases, inhibition of Aplysia californica cyclase by various substrate analogues was found to be competitive while inhibition by nicotinamide exhibited mixed-behavior characteristics. Nicotinamide hypoxanthine dinucleotide (NHD(+)), nicotinamide guanine dinucleotide (NGD(+)), C1'-m-benzamide adenine dinucleotide (Bp(2)A), and C1'-m-benzamide nicotinamide dinucleotide (Bp(2)N) were found to be nanomolar potency inhibitors with inhibition constants of 70, 143, 189, and 201 nM, respectively. However, NHD(+) and NGD(+) are also known substrates and are slowly converted to cyclic products, thus preventing their further use as inhibitors. The symmetrical bis-nucleotides, bis-adenine dinucleotide (Ap(2)A), bis-hypoxanthine dinucleotide (Hp(2)H), and bis-nicotinamide dinucleotide (Np(2)N), exhibited micromolar competitive inhibition, with Ap(2)A displaying the greatest affinity for the enzyme. 2',3'-Di-O-acetyl nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (AcONAD(+)) was not a substrate for the A. californica cyclase but also displayed some inhibition at a micromolar level. Finally, inhibition of the cyclase by adenosine 5'-O-diphosphate ribose (ADPR) and inosine 5'-O-diphosphate ribose (IDPR) was observed at millimolar concentration. The nicotinamide aromatic ring appears to be the optimal motif required for enzymatic recognition, while modifications of the 2'- and 3'-hydroxyls of the nicotinamide ribose seem to hamper binding to the enzyme. Stabilizing enzyme/inhibitor interactions and the inability of the enzyme to release unprocessed material are both considered to explain nanomolar inhibition. Recognition of inhibitors by other ADP ribosyl cyclases has also been investigated, and this study now provides the first potent nonhydrolyzable sea urchin ADP ribosyl cyclase and cADPR hydrolase inhibitor Bp(2)A, with inhibition observed at the micromolar and nanomolar level, respectively. The benzamide derivatives did not inhibit CD38 cyclase or hydrolase activity when NGD(+) was used as substrate. These results emphasize the difference between CD38 and other enzymes in which the cADPR cyclase activity predominates.
Generation and drift of photocarriers in a conjugated ladder polymer (1993)

Generation and drift of photocarriers in thin films of the conjugated ladder polymer, poly(benzimidazobenzophenanthroline) (BBL), are explored by using transient photoconductivity methods. An estimation of a lower limit for photogeneration efficiency of mobile holes is found to be close to 10−2 at an electric field of 5×105 V/cm. The drift of photogenerated carriers is found to be severely range limited by trapping events. In addition persistent decay of photocurrent is detected following the termination of a steadystate monochromatic illumination. The form of the persistent photocurrent suggests a broad range of release times of the trapped carriers which can be attributed to a disorder-induceddistribution of trapping sites.
Patient's perception of pain: comparison between Korean-American and Euro-American obstetric patients. (1998)

This study explored the differences and similarities in the perception of pain reported between Korean-American and Euro-American obstetric patients, describing whether the different ethnocultural background of patients affected their perception of pain. Gate control theory provided the basis for the study. The theory of pain emphasizes the role of psychological variables in the perception of pain and behavioral responses to pain. The sample (N = 124) consisted of 67 Euro-American and 57 Korean-American patients, who had delivered a baby within 12 to 24 hours of the interview in a large community hospital in New York City. The results indicated that there were statistically significant differences in the quality of pain especially in affective type of pain experience and overall evaluation of pain while no significant differences appeared in the pain intensity in general between the two groups. Also, there were many interesting findings such as using own words in expressing pain, preferences in gender of baby, and childbirth training, or social support which reflected much cultural influences.
Self-Healing Hydrogel Pore-Filled Water Filtration Membranes (2017)

Damages to water filtration membranes during installation and operation are known to cause detrimental loss of the product water quality. Membranes that have the ability to self-heal would recover their original rejection levels autonomously, bypassing the need for costly integrity monitoring and membrane replacement practices. Herein, we fabricated hydrogel pore-filled membranes via in situ graft polymerization of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) onto microporous poly(ether sulfone) (PES) substrates and successfully demonstrated their self-healing ability. Covalent attachment of the hydrogel to the substrate was essential for stable membrane performance. The membranes autonomously restore their particle rejection up to 99% from rejection levels as low as 30% after being physically damaged. We attribute the observed self-healing property to swelling of the pore-filling hydrogel into the damage site, strong hydrogen bonding, and molecular interdiffusion. The results of this study show that hydrogel pore-filled membranes are a promising new class of materials for fabricating self-healing membranes.
Superabsorbent Polymers: An Idea Whose Time Has Come (1996)

Superabsorbent polymers are cross-linked polyelectrolytes. Because of their ionic nature and interconnected structure, they absorb large quantities of water and other aqueous solutions without dissolving. This makes them ideally suited as absorbents of body fluids in many personal care products sold today, including baby diapers, adult incontinence products, and feminine napkins. Several emerging applications are also described. A simple laboratory preparation of partially neutralized, cross-linked poly(acrylic acid) is given along with test methods suitable for measuring the absorption capacity of the product. Experiments are described that demonstrate the ability of a swelling gel to perform work, and the ability of a gel to exclude macromolecular solutes from diffusing into its porous, cross-linked structure.