gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bovine thioredoxin system. Purification of thioredoxin reductase from calf liver and thymus and studies of its function in disulfide reduction. (1977)

Thioredoxinreductase (EC l&4.5), which catalyzes the reduction of the disulfide bridge in thioredoxin by NADPH, was purified from calf liver and thymus.Preparation methods, involving chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, TEAEcellulose, and Sephadex G-200 or G-100 were used to purify the calf liver enzyme llOO-fold and the thymus enzyme 2800fold.The enzyme was shown to catalyze an NADPH-dependent reduction of 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) which could be used to develop a simple and rapid assay in addition to a specific calf liver thioredoxin-dependent reduction of disulfide bonds in bovine insulin.The purified enzyme, which was inhibited by 0.1 rnM arsenite, showed a wider substrate specificity than the corresponding enzyme from Escherichia coli and rapidly reduced E. coli thioredoxin, yeast thioredoxin, and 5,5'-dithiobis(2nitrobenzoic acid).Phage T4 thioredoxin was slowly reduced.The apparent k,,, values for 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) and calf liver thioredoxin were 1.5 mM and 5 FM, respectively.In vitro oxidized preparations of calf liver thioredoxin were shown to contain high molecular weight mixed disulfide aggregates that were reduced by the enzyme with kinetics which supported a process of autoactivation.This may be of importance as a control mechanism for the activity of the bovine thioredoxin system.Reduction of disulfide bonds in insulin or L-cystine by NADPH and thioredoxin reductase was absolutely dependent upon the presence of thioredoxin as intermediate electron carrier.With the coupled system, fast reduction of
Control of Metastasized Pancreatic Carcinomas in SCID/Beige Mice with Human IL-2/TKD-Activated NK Cells (2006)

Abstract Pancreatic carcinoma, the fifth leading cause of cancer-related mortality, frequently presents the stress-inducible heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) on the cell membrane. Therefore, we explored an immunological approach exploiting the efficacy of NK cells activated either with low dose IL-2 plus Hsp70-peptide TKDNNLLGRFELSG (TKD; IL-2/TKD) or with IL-2 alone in a xenograft pancreatic carcinoma model. An orthotopic injection of either 2.5 × 106 or 1 × 106 Colo357 cells in SCID/beige mice resulted in rapidly growing primary tumors and the development of hepatic metastases on days 5 and 10, respectively. In line with results of in vitro migration assays, these NK cells also had the capacity to infiltrate pancreatic tumors and liver metastases in tumor-bearing mice. In vitro, a combined treatment of NK cells with IL-2/TKD but neither of the two treatments alone causes a profound increase in the lytic capacity against Hsp70 membrane-positive Colo357 cells. In vivo, a single i.v. injection of these NK cells on day 15 post-tumor inoculation resulted in a significant reduction in tumor weights, a delayed onset of hepatic metastases, and a prolonged life expectancy. In contrast, identically treated T cells and NK cells treated with IL-2 alone were significantly less efficient in controlling pancreatic tumors and metastases. Most importantly, four repeated i.v. infusions of IL-2/TKD-activated NK cells eradicated primary tumors and prevented hepatic metastases. In summary, our mouse data have implicated that NK cells preactivated with IL-2/TKD might provide a novel therapeutic tool for the treatment of aggressive, Hsp70-positive pancreatic carcinoma.
Cas9-Assisted Targeting of CHromosome segments (CATCH) for targeted nanopore sequencing and optical genome mapping (2017)

ABSTRACT Variations in the genetic code, from single point mutations to large structural or copy number alterations, influence susceptibility, onset, and progression of genetic diseases and tumor transformation. Next-generation sequencing analysis is unable to reliably capture aberrations larger than the typical sequencing read length of several hundred bases. Long-read, single-molecule sequencing methods such as SMRT and nanopore sequencing can address larger variations, but require costly whole genome analysis. Here we describe a method for isolation and enrichment of a large genomic region of interest for targeted analysis based on Cas9 excision of two sites flanking the target region and isolation of the excised DNA segment by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. The isolated target remains intact and is ideally suited for optical genome mapping and long-read sequencing at high coverage. In addition, analysis is performed directly on native genomic DNA that retains genetic and epigenetic composition without amplification bias. This method enables detection of mutations and structural variants as well as detailed analysis by generation of hybrid scaffolds composed of optical maps and sequencing data at a fraction of the cost of whole genome sequencing.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF ACYLISOCYANATES WITH ALDEHYDES (1979)

Abstract Die Acylisocyanate (I) bilden in Ether bei 30°C mit aromatischen Aldehyden (II) unter Abspaltung von Kohlendioxid N‐Acyl‐C‐aryl‐azomethine (III).
Atomization of Liquids by Means of a Rotating Cup (1950)

Abstract Liquid, supplied through a stationary tube to the inner part of a rotating cup widening toward a brim, flows viscously in a thin layer toward this brim and is then flung off, all by centrifugal action. The flow within this layer and the disintegration phenomena occurring beyond the brim have been studied, experimentally as well as theoretically. A formula has been derived for the thickness and for the radial velocity of the liquid layer within the cup, which proved to agree reasonably well with experimental results. Three essentially different types of disintegration may take place around and beyond the edge of the cup designated, respectively, by: (a) the state of direct drop formation; (b) the state of ligament formation; and (c) the state of film formation. Which one of these is realized depends upon working conditions. Transition from state (a) into (b), or of state (b) into state (c) is promoted by an increased quantity of supply, an increased angular speed, a decreased diameter of the cup, an increased density, an increased viscosity, and a decreased surface tension of the liquid. The experimental results have been expressed in relationships between relevant dimensionless groups. For the state of ligament formation a semiempirical relationship has been derived between the number of ligaments and dimensionless groups determining the working conditions of the cup. Results of drop-size measurements made for the state of ligament formation as well as for the state of film formation show that atomization by mere rotation of the cup is much more uniform than commonly achieved with pressure atomizers.
Comparative study of the cell tropism of feline immunodeficiency virus isolates of subtypes A, B and D classified on the basis of the env gene V3-V5 sequence (1996)

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) isolates have been classified into subtypes A, B, C and D based on the env gene V3-V5 sequence. The cell tropism of seven new Japanese isolates and a Petaluma (prototype) isolate of FIV, which classified into subtypes A, B and D, for feline lymphoblastoid and feline fibroblastoid cell lines was compared. FeT-1 (CD4+/-, CD8-, AND CD9+2) and Kumi-1 (CD4+2, CD8- and CD9+2) cells were used as the interleukin-2 (IL-2)-dependent feline T-lymphocyte cell lines and FeT-J (CD4+, CD8+/- and CD9+2) and 3201 (CD4+2, CD8+ and CD9-) cells were used as the IL-2- independent feline T-lymphocyte cell lines. The feline fibroblastoid cell lines used were Crandell feline kidney (CrFK) and fewf-4 (both CD4-, CD8- and CD9+2) cells. All FIV isolates replicated in all lymphoblastoid cell lines used. All isolates showed the greatest cytopathogenicity for Kumi-1 cells. All isolates replicated even in the CD9-negative 3201 cells. More isolates caused persistent infection in IL-2-independent cell lines than in IL-2-dependent cell lines. The number of subtype B isolates that established persistent infection was limited, only one of four strains. Only the subtype A isolates replicated in CrFK cells, whereas none of the isolates replicated in fewf-4 cells, which have similar cell surface markers to CrFK cells. The subtype A viruses (CrFK/Petaluma, CrFK/Sendai-1) growing in CrFK cells showed greater cytopathogenicity for lymphoblastoid cell lines than did those (FL-4/Petaluma, Kumi-1/Sendai-1) growing in a lymphoblastoid cell line.
Bipolar Spin Switch (1993)

A thin ferromagnetic film can be used to polarize the spin axes of the electrons carrying an electric current in a manner loosely analogous with a light polarizer. When such a film is fabricated on a gold film, a nonequilibrium population of spin-polarized electrons is built up in the gold causing a "spin bottleneck" effect. The addition of a second ferromagnetic film results in a device whose output voltage depends on the orientation of the spins.
Multi-criteria dynamic access selection in heterogeneous wireless networks (2009)

Service delivery in a heterogeneous wireless network environment requires the selection of an optimal access network. Indeed, the selection of a non-optimal network can result in undesirable effects such as higher costs in terms of new call blocking and handoff call dropping rates or poor service experience. Network selection in such an environment is influenced by several factors related to network conditions, application parameters, user preferences and terminal performances. This paper, first, describes a new architecture which allows a resource-efficient management that aims at selecting the ldquobest-suitedrdquo network interface for each application. Second, it presents a comprehensive decision making process to rank candidate networks for service delivery to the application. The proposed scheme is based on a decision process using the TOPSIS method when solving the multi criteria analysis. The wireless networks in this model represent the alternatives, while the network and application parameters (bandwidth, Received Signal Strength, velocity support, load factor and power consumption cost) are considered as the criteria for determining the optimal network.
Automated Model-Based Testing of Role-Based Access Control Using Predicate/Transition Nets (2014)

Role-based access control is an important access control method for securing computer systems. A role-based access control policy can be implemented incorrectly due to various reasons, such as programming errors. Defects in the implementation may lead to unauthorized access and security breaches. To reveal access control defects, this paper presents a model-based approach to automated generation of executable access control tests using predicate/transition nets. Role-permission test models are built by integrating declarative access control rules with functional test models or contracts (preconditions and postconditions) of the associated activities (the system functions). The access control tests are generated automatically from the test models to exercise the interactions of access control activities. They are transformed into executable code through a model-implementation mapping that maps the modeling elements to implementation constructs. The approach has been implemented in an industry-adopted test automation framework that supports the generation of test code in a variety of languages. The full model-based testing process has been applied to three systems implemented in Java. The effectiveness is evaluated through mutation analysis of role-based access control rules. The experiments show that the model-based approach is highly effective in detecting the seeded access control defects.
In Situ Reaction Mechanism Studies on the Atomic Layer Deposition of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> from (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>AlCl and Water (2005)

Reaction mechanisms between dimethylaluminum chloride and deuterated water in the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Al2O3 were studied at 150-400 degrees C using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS). The observed reaction byproducts were DCl and CH3D. QMS showed that about one-third of the chlorine, and half of the methyl ligands were released during the (CH3)2AlCl pulse. The growth rate deduced from the QMS and QCM data was in qualitative agreement with the previously published growth rate from ALD film growth experiments.
X-ray Crystal Structure of Human Heme Oxygenase-1 in Complex with 1-(Adamantan-1-yl)-2-(1<i>H</i>-imidazol-1-yl)ethanone: A Common Binding Mode for Imidazole-Based Heme Oxygenase-1 Inhibitors (2008)

Development of inhibitors specific for heme oxygenases (HOs) should aid our understanding of the HO system and facilitate future therapeutic applications. The crystal structure of human HO-1 complexed with 1-(adamantan-1-yl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethanone (3) was determined. This inhibitor binds to the HO-1 distal pocket such that the imidazolyl moiety coordinates with heme iron while the adamantyl group is stabilized by a hydrophobic binding pocket. Distal helix flexibility, coupled with shifts in proximal residues and heme, acts to expand the distal pocket, thus accommodating the bulky inhibitor without displacing heme. Inhibitor binding effectively displaces the catalytically critical distal water ligand. Comparison with the binding of 2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-2-[1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]-1,3-dioxolane (2) revealed a common binding mode, despite differing chemical structures beyond the imidazolyl moiety. The inhibitor binding pocket is flexible, yet contains well-defined subpockets to accommodate appropriate functional groups. On the basis of these structural insights, we rationalize binding features to optimize inhibitor design.
Quantitative studies of lipid-soluble tissue antigens as exemplified by the Wassermann antigen-antibody system. I. Estimation of the Wassermann antibody in absolute weight units. (1957)

Summary An analytic procedure is described for the estimation of the Wassermann antibody in human and rabbit sera in absolute weight units. The quantitative ninhydrin reaction was applied to the estimation of antibody uptake by suspensions of cardiolipin, lecithin and cholesterol. The uncertainty introduced in these analyses by the failure to decomplement the sera has been discussed. The reaction curves obtained with Wassermann antibody and cardiolipin can be described by the Heidelberger-Kendall equation as applied to quantitative precipitation or agglutination. Calculations based on the values for precipitable antibody N indicate that standard serologic tests for syphilis may detect as little as 0.014 μg of Wassermann antibody N. Data are also given with respect to the heat lability of the Wassermann antibody and the inhibitory effect of normal human serum on aggregate formation by this antibody with suspensions containing cholesterol, lecithin and cardiolipin.
The effect of asymmetries on non-neutral plasma confinement time (1994)

Theory predicts that perfectly azimuthally symmetric non-neutral plasma traps should confine plasma forever. Unintentional trap asymmetries are believed to limit plasma confinement times to less than &lt;105 s. Deliberately applied electrostatic fields break the azimuthal symmetry and affect the plasma confinement time. While small, deliberate asymmetries do not significantly reduce the trap’s confinement properties, large asymmetries significantly degrade the plasma confinement. The scaling laws of this degradation are studied herein. The mechanism of plasma loss appears to change when deliberate asymmetries are applied.
A Wireless Power Transfer System for MRI Scanners (2018)

Wireless power transfer is a key component to creating comfortable and completely wireless MRI receive coil arrays. Here, a WPT system is presented using a Class-E power amplifier driving an array of primary coils with a single secondary coil and Class-E rectifier. An RF MEMs switched adjustable impedance matching system is added to match the variable load presented by the coupled coils to the desired load of the power amplifier. The system is shown to be capable of transferring several watts of power inside the MRI bore.
A D1 Receptor Antagonist, Ecopipam, for Treatment of Tics in Tourette Syndrome (2014)

In this open-label study in adults with TS, tics were reduced after 8 weeks of treatment with ecopipam. To confirm safety and efficacy, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trials are warranted.
Direct Intraovarian Effects of Leptin: Impairment of the Synergistic Action of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I on Follicle-Stimulating Hormone-Dependent Estradiol-17β Production by Rat Ovarian Granulosa Cells* (1997)

The Ob gene product, leptin, is secreted by adipocytes and is required for fertility in the mouse. Leptin-deficient mice are obese and infertile, symptoms reminiscent of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Prior studies have shown that serum leptin levels are elevated in a significant sub-population of anovulatory women with PCOS, suggesting that elevated leptin levels may adversely affect ovarian function. Since leptin receptor mRNA has been detected in the ovary, this study was designed to test the hypothesis that leptin may impair granulosa cell (GC) estradiol-17 beta (E2) production by a direct mechanism. GC were isolated from the ovaries of 26-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats, and were cultured (60,000 GC/well) in 96-well plates in the presence and absence of ovine FSH (0.001-100 ng/ml) and androstenedione (0.1 microM), with and without recombinant murine leptin (0.1-100 ng/ml) for 48 h. Leptin alone had no effect on E2 production. FSH caused a dose-related increase in E2 production by GC (ED50 = 1.9 +/- 0.4 ng/ml). Addition of leptin did not alter FSH-stimulated B2 levels. Concomitant treatment with FSH and IGF-I (30 ng/ml) augmented maximal FSH-dependent E2 production five-fold. Leptin caused a dose-dependent (IC50 = 2.7 +/- 0.6 ng/ml) inhibition (30-50%) of the IGF-I increase in FSH-stimulated E2 production. The inhibitory effect of leptin was specific for E2 production since there was no effect on basal, FSH-, or FSH+ IGF-I-dependent progesterone levels. The results of this study demonstrate that leptin can directly impair the IGF-I-mediated augmentation of FSH-stimulated E2 synthesis by GC. These data raise the possibility that high leptin levels may contribute to infertility in some women with PCOS by counteracting the sensitizing effects of IGF-I in dominant follicles.
Alternative Random Initialization in Genetic Algorithms. (1997)

Though unanimously recognized as a crucial step in Evolutionary Algorithms, initialization procedures have not been paid much attention so far. In bitstring Genetic Algorithms, for instance, the standard 0/1 equiprobable choice for every bit is rarely discussed, as the resulting distribution probability over the whole bitstring space is uniform. However, uniformity is relative to a measure on the search space. First, considering the measure given by the density of 1&apos;s, the Uniform Covering initialization procedure is naturally designed. Second, taking into account the probability of appearance of sequences of identical bits leads to design another alternative initialization procedure, the Homogeneous Block procedure. These procedures are compared with the standard initialization procedure on several problems. A priori comparison is achieved using FitnessDistance Correlation. Actual experiments demonstrate the accuracy of these FDCbased comparisons, and emphasize the usefulness of the two proposed procedure. 1
A Quantization Noise Suppression Technique for<tex>$DeltaSigma$</tex>Fractional-<tex>$N$</tex>Frequency Synthesizers (2006)

The first circuit implementation of quantization noise suppression technique for DeltaSigma fractional- N frequency synthesizers using reduced step size of frequency dividers is presented in this paper. This technique is based on a 1/1.5 divider cell which can reduce the step size of the frequency divider to 0.5 and thus the reduced step size suppresses the quantization noise by 6 dB. This frequency synthesizer is intended for a WLAN 802.11a/WiMAX 802.16e transceiver. This chip is implemented in a 0.18-mum CMOS process and the die size is 1.23 mm times 0.83 mm. The power consumption is 47.8 mW. The in-band phase noise of -100 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset and out-of-band phase noise of -124 dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset are measured with a loop bandwidth of 200 kHz. The frequency resolution is less than 1 Hz and the lock time is smaller than 10 mus
1/4&amp;#181;m CMOS isolation technique with sidewall insulator and selective epitaxy (1985)

A new CMOS isolation technique has been developed, wherein devices are isolated by quarter-micrometer-thick insulator films. This technique is supported by two key processes. One is to form insulator films on trench sidewalls, which are shaped perpendicularly to the substrate plane. The other is to refill the trenches with selectively grown single crystal silicon. CMOS devices are composed of n-channel MOSFETs fabricated on the p-type substrate and p-channel MOSFETs fabricated on the selective epi-layer, which are isolated with the sidewall insulator films. It was experimentally ascertained using this technique that the decrease in isolation distance was limited by parasitic MOS operation.
Phylogeny and PCR identification of the human pathogenic fungus Penicillium marneffei (1995)

The phylogenetic position of the human pathogenic fungus Penicillium marneffei was assessed from the nucleotide sequences of the nuclear and mitochondrial ribosomal DNA regions. Phylogenetic analysis determined that P. marneffei is closely related to species of Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium and sexual Talaromyces species with asexual biverticillate Penicillium states. Knowledge of the phylogenetic position of P. marneffei facilitated the design of unique oligonucleotide primers, from the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region, for the specific amplification of P. marneffei DNA. These primers were successful at selectively amplifying DNA from six isolates of P. marneffei and excluding the other species tested, which included Penicillium subgenus Biverticillium and Talaromyces species and several well-known fungal pathogens, namely, Aspergillus fumigatus, Coccidioides immitis, Histoplasma capsulatum, and Pneumocystis carinii. The primers that we have developed for the specific amplification of P. marneffei have the potential to be incorporated in a PCR identification system which could be used for the identification of this pathogenic agent from clinical material.
Functional conservation of multiple elements in yeast chromosomal replicators. (1994)

Replicators that control the initiation of DNA replication in the chromosomes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae retain their function when cloned into plasmids, where they are commonly referred to as autonomously replicating sequences (ARSs). Previous studies of the structure of ARS1 in both plasmid and chromosome contexts have shown that it contains one essential DNA element, A, that includes a match to the ARS consensus sequence (ACS), and three additional elements, B1, B2, and B3, that are also important for ARS function. Elements A and B3 are bound by a candidate initiator protein called the origin recognition complex and ARS-binding factor 1, respectively. Although the A and B3 elements have been found in other ARSs, sequence comparisons among ARSs have failed to identify B1- and B2-like elements. To assess the generality of the modular nature of yeast replicators, linker substitution mutagenesis of another yeast chromosomal replicator, ARS307, was performed. Three DNA sequence elements were identified in ARS307, and they were demonstrated to be functionally equivalent to the A, B1, and B2 elements present in ARS1. Despite the lack of DNA sequence similarity, the B1 and B2 elements at each ARS were functionally conserved. Single-base substitutions in the core of the ARS1 B1 and B2 elements identified critical nucleotides required for the function of the B1 element. In contrast, no single-point mutations were found to affect B2 function. The results suggest that multiple DNA sequence elements might be a general and conserved feature of replicator sequences in S. cerevisiae.