gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of water vapour on growth and adherence of chromia scales formed on Cr in high and low pO<sub>2</sub>-environments at 1000 and 1050°C (2005)

The oxidation behaviour of pure Cr at 1000 and 1050°C was studied in Ar–O2 and Ar–H2–H2O mixtures. It was found that in the low-pO2 gases the oxide scales exhibited higher growth rates than in the high-pO2 gases. The scales formed in the low-pO2 gases showed substantially better adherence during cooling, than scales formed in the high-pO2 gases. These differences in growth rate and adherence can be correlated with differences in size and location of the in-scale voids formed during the isothermal exposure. Exposures in Ar-O2-H2O mixtures revealed that the differences in scale growth rates as well as in scale void formation and growth are not primarily related to differences in the oxygen partial pressure of the atmosphere but to the presence of water vapour in the test gas. At sufficiently high H2O/O2-ratios, water vapour promotes oxide formation at the scale/metal interface thereby suppressing excessive growth of existing voids, and also as a consequence improved scale adherence. Whether the enhancement of inward scale growth is related to transport of H2O- or H2-molecules or due to OH− ions, cannot be derived with certainty from the present results.
Social media evolution of the Egyptian revolution (2012)

Twitter sentiment was revealed, along with popularity of Egypt-related subjects and tweeter influence on the 2011 revolution.
Dramatic Accumulation of Triglycerides and Precipitation of Cardiac Hemodynamic Dysfunction during Brief Caloric Restriction in Transgenic Myocardium Expressing Human Calcium-independent Phospholipase A2γ (2007)

Previously, we identified calcium-independent phospholipase A2gamma (iPLA2gamma) with multiple translation initiation sites and dual mitochondrial and peroxisomal localization motifs. To determine the role of iPLA2gamma in integrating lipid and energy metabolism, we generated transgenic mice containing the alpha-myosin heavy chain promoter (alphaMHC) placed proximally to the human iPLA2gamma coding sequence that resulted in cardiac myocyte-restricted expression of iPLA2gamma (TGiPLA2gamma). TGiPLA2gamma mice possessed multiple phenotypes including: 1) a dramatic approximately 35% reduction in myocardial phospholipid mass in both the fed and mildly fasted states; 2) a marked accumulation of triglycerides during brief caloric restriction that represented 50% of total myocardial lipid mass; and 3) acute fasting-induced hemodynamic dysfunction. Biochemical characterization of the TGiPLA2gamma protein expressed in cardiac myocytes demonstrated over 25 distinct isoforms by two-dimensional SDS-PAGE Western analysis. Immunohistochemistry identified iPLA2gamma in the peroxisomal and mitochondrial compartments in both wild type and transgenic myocardium. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of loosely packed and disorganized mitochondrial cristae in TGiPLA2gamma mice that were accompanied by defects in mitochondrial function. Moreover, markedly elevated levels of 1-hydroxyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and 1-hydroxyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine were prominent in the TGiPLA2gamma myocardium identifying the production of signaling metabolites by this enzyme in vivo. Collectively, these results identified the participation of iPLA2gamma in the remarkable lipid plasticity of myocardium, its role in generating signaling metabolites, and its prominent effects in modulating energy storage and utilization in myocardium in different metabolic contexts.
Insights into weak affinity antibody-antigen interactionsStudies using affinity chromatography and optical biosensor (2000)

Molecular recognition and interaction is fundamental for the function of biological systems. The properties of the interacting biomolecules dictate the type of forces involved and the strength and dynamics of the interaction. Many interactions are very strong whereas others exhibit weak affinity. Typically, weak interactions work in concert to trigger a biological response. The advantage with this approach is the inherent dynamics. It has been shown that this approach can be successful for in vitro applications as well. By exposing analytes to a multitude of specific, weak affinity interactions, which are governed by fast association and dissociation rates, separation based on small differences in affinity is possible. The same principles can also be used to characterize biological weak affinity binders and for analytical purposes. This thesis has discussed biomolecular interactions in the weak affinity range (defined in this investigation as dissociation constants (KD) larger than 0.01 mM) in general and has focuses on how they can be studied and exploited in vitro. Weak affinity monoclonal antibodies were used as model systems in three different applications: (i) to explore how weak affinity chromatography based on monoclonal IgM can be employed to separate structurally related steroids under non-denaturing conditions. (ii) to investigate the possibilities of studying weak interactions between antibodies and haptens with a real-time optical biosensor based on surface plasmon resonance. A rationale for the design of such experiments to avoid inaccurate results was suggested (iii) to introduce continuous real-time immunosensing for monitoring fluctuating concentrations of biomolecules in a flow.
The Fibroblast TIAM2 Promotes Lung Cancer Cell Invasion and Metastasis (2019)

<b>Purpose:</b> TIAM2 (T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 2), a RAC1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor, plays crucial roles in human cancer cells. Its homolog, TIAM1, has been reported to promote the migration and invasion of cancer cells through regulating the functions of cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs). However, the functions of TIAM2 in CAFs have not been investigated. In this study, we explored how fibroblast TIAM2 influences the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells. <b>Methods:</b> We cultured primary lung CAFs and adjacent normal lung fibroblasts (NFs) from 12 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. RT-PCR and western blot were used to compare TIAM2 levels between CAFs and NFs. Two co-culture systems were designed, in which cancer cells were directly co-cultured with fibroblasts and indirectly co-cultured with conditional medium (CM) from fibroblasts. Subsequently, the wound healing and transwell tests were conducted to assess the migration and invasion ability of fibroblasts and co-cultured cancer cells. Finally, cytokine antibody arrays were used to screen differentially secreted cytokines in the CM. <b>Results:</b> The expression levels of TIAM2 were significantly higher in CAFs than NFs, and TIAM2-silenced fibroblasts showed decreased migration and invasion ability. In the direct co-culture system, the migration and invasion of cancer cells were retarded when co-culturing with TIAM2-silenced fibroblasts, and the expression levels of EMT-related genes also changed in cancer cells. Decreased migration and invasion of cancer cells were also observed when culturing with the CM from TIAM2-silenced fibroblasts. In addition, the cytokine antibody arrays revealed that Osteoprotegerin (OPG) was significantly decreased in the CM of TIAM2-silenced fibroblasts. This result suggested that OPG might be one of the main cytokines contributing to the migration and invasion of cancer cells in co-culture systems. <b>Conclusion:</b> Our results suggest that fibroblast TIAM2 promotes the invasion and migration of lung cancer cell, and OPG might be one of the main cytokines contributing to this pro-cancer process.
Development of a Directional Gamma Ray Probe (2006)

A radiation detector capable of providing both spectroscopic and directional information would allow users to more rapidly identify and localize radioactive sources, ultimately reducing the time spent in a radiation field. The directional gamma-ray probe (DGRP) described here is a unique, single-hand operated, portable, lightweight gamma detector for use in a high gamma-ray field. It contains two sensors, one providing directional information and the other for spectroscopy, which are housed in a plastic molded enclosure designed to meet weather resistant requirements and decontamination considerations. This paper will describe design features, software development and detector response of this novel radiation detector.
Biofilm removal by low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (1990)

A micro‐annular reactor (MAR) was developed for studying biofilm processes. It is simple to operate under pure culture conditions and allows easy, non‐invasive monitoring of biofilm accumulation. Two marine bacteria were investigated which formed biofilms under conditions of continuous flow and during batch growth in rich media. Exposure of biofilms to low levels of hydrogen peroxide (1–5 mM) and ferric ions (0·03–0·1 mM) led to their detachment and removal, even though the growth of free cells was not totally inhibited under these conditions, and new biofilms formed readily upon introducing fresh medium. Repeated treatments of the same biofilm with hydrogen peroxide resulted however, in progressively less biofilm removal. The results show that biofilm removal can be accomplished with hydrogen peroxide at levels well below those required for total disinfection and point to a mechanism where the extracellular biopolymer matrix is degraded rather than intracellular components.
The interaction between ribonuclease A and surfactants (1973)

1. U.v. difference spectra show that the anionic surfactant sodium n-dodecyl sulphate unfolds ribonuclease A at pH7.3 and 10.3, but that the cationic surfactant n-dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide does not affect the conformation of the enzyme. 2. Equilibrium-dialysis experiments show that sodium n-dodecyl sulphate binds to ribonuclease A, but no binding of n-dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide could be detected at pH7.3. 3. The enzymic activity of ribonuclease A is unaffected by n-dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide up to a concentration of 0.03m at 25 degrees C. 4. Ultracentrifuge studies support the conclusion that n-dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide does not interact significantly with ribonuclease A. 5. The enthalpy change as measured by microcalorimetry on binding of sodium n-dodecyl sulphate to ribonuclease A is consistent with an exothermic enthalpy of binding occurring simultaneously with an endothermic enthalpy of chain unfolding.
A New Bottomhole Assembly Analysis Program for the Prediction of the Borehole Path Based on a Sophisticated Static Algorithm (1991)

ABSTRACT The theoretical bottomhole analysis of drillstring assemblies and the prediction of wellbore trajectories play an important role for directional drilling. Time constraints, cost efficiency and accuracy require computer aided planning of the drilling process. As such a program should be user friendly and, at the same time, accurate, a program was developed for personal computers, combining simplicity even for less experienced users with complexity as regards the sophisticated computation of the directional drilling behaviour of a variety of bottomhole assemblies. The program is based on a newly developed three dimensional static drillstring analysis model for arbitrarily shaped boreholes. For any string assembly the wall contact problem is solved using a non-linear wall potential equation. The program allows sophisticated wellbore prediction calculations using an improved version of Ho's formula. The numerical results could be verified by field data; even the walk tendency is well predicted.
Effect of Probiotic or Prebiotic Supplementation on Antibiotic Therapy in the Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth: A Comparative Evaluation (2013)

Student's t and Fisher's exact tests. In group 1, a significant improvement was obtained in 5 out of 6 symptoms, whilst in group 2 in 4 out of 6 symptoms (nausea and number of bowel movements failed to improve). Despite we observed a trend of probiotics to be more effective than prebiotics, the difference in the percentage of improved symptoms was not significant (83,3% vs 66.6%; p= 0.57). Our preliminary data show a good outcome with sequential antibioticprobiotic/ prebiotic administration in patients with SIBO.
Flow Injection Amperometric Determination of Phenol and Chlorophenols at Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode (2014)

Single wall carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrode (SWCNT/GCE) was used for flow-injection analysis (FIA) for phenolic compounds (phenol (P), 4-chlorophenol (CP), 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP), 2,4,6-trichlorphenol (TCP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP)). Experimental variables such as the detection potential, flow rate and pH of the carrier solution, 0.1 M sodium acetate, were optimized. Under these conditions, the designed electrode showed a very good performance for the amperometric measurements, with no need to apply a cleaning or pre-treatment procedure. The operational stability was tested with 20 repetitive injections of each analyte and was found to be good. The analytical performance of the SWCNT/GCE electrode under flow through conditions was tested and was found to be impressive. When it is compared with other enzymatic and non-enzymatic sensors, it shows wider dynamic range for the detection of phenolic compounds with low limits of detection. These results suggest that the method is quite useful for monitoring and analyzing phenols and chlorophenols.
Influência do sexo de indivíduos da mesma colônia no controle químico das populações do morcego hematófago Desmodus rotundus (Phyllostomidae) no estado de São Paulo (2006)

Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram estudar a fidelidade ao abrigo diurno por indivíduos de ambos os sexos da espécie Desmodus rotundus e verificar a eficácia da ação da pasta vampiricida 2% na redução do tamanho de suas colônias no estado de São Paulo, por meio de estudo experimental de campo. Durante os anos de 1999 e 2000, 626 morcegos distribuídos em 12 abrigos foram capturados com redes-de-espera (armadas durante a noite) e marcados. Em seguida, 10% da população previamente estimada recebeu a pasta vampiricida. No Experimento I foram tratados apenas machos, no Experimento II apenas fêmeas e no Experimento III, 5% dos machos e 5% das fêmeas foram tratados. Após 5 e 10 dias, foram feitas contagens dos morcegos que sobreviveram e morreram. As fêmeas mostraram-se mais fiéis aos abrigos (p<0,01) e melhores disseminadoras de pasta vampiricida (p<0,01).
Electrospinning to Forcespinning™ (2010)

A new process called Forcespinning™ has been developed to make nanofibers from a wide range of materials. This new method uses centrifugal force, rather than electrostatic force as in the electrospinning process. The Forcespinning™ method uses either solutions or solid materials that are solution or melt spun into nanofibers. Key parameters to control the geometry and morphology of the nanofibers include rotational speed of the spinneret, collection system and temperature. Orifices of the spinneret can have arbitrary geometric shapes to provide corresponding cross-section of nanofibers. The Forcespinning™ method has been successfully used to make nanofibers of poly-ethylene oxide, poly-lactic acid, bismuth, polypropylene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and polystyrene among others.
A Class of Soybean Low Molecular Weight Heat Shock Proteins (1992)

Two major polypeptides of the 15- to 18-kilodalton class of soybean (Glycine max) heat shock proteins (HSPs), obtained from an HSP-enriched (NH(4))(2)SO(4) fraction separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, were used individually as antigens to prepare antibodies. Each of these antibody preparations reacted with its antigen and cross-reacted with 12 other 15- to 18-kilodalton HSPs. With these antibodies, the accumulation of the 15- to 18-kilodalton HSPs under various heat shock (HS) conditions was quantified. The 15- to 18-kilodalton HSPs began to be detectable at 35 degrees C, and after 4 hours at 40 degrees C they had accumulated to a maximum level of 1.54 micrograms per 100 micrograms of total protein in soybean seedlings and remained almost unchanged up to 24 hours after HS. Accumulation of the HSPs was reduced at temperatures higher than 40 degrees C. At 42.5 degrees C the HSPs were reduced to 1.02 micrograms per 100 micrograms, and at 45 degrees C they were hardly detectable. A brief HS at 45 degrees C (10 minutes), followed by incubation at 28 degrees C, which also induced HSP synthesis, resulted in synthesis of this class of HSPs at levels up to 1.06 micrograms per 100 micrograms of total protein. Taking into consideration the previous data concerning the acquisition of thermotolerance in soybean seedlings, our estimation indicates that the accumulation of the 15- to 18-kilodalton HSPs to 0.76 to 0.98% of total protein correlated well with the establishment of thermotolerance. Of course, other HSPs, in addition to this group of proteins, may be required for the development of thermotolerance.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐(BENZOFURANYLOXY‐ AND P‐(CYCLOPENT‐2‐EN‐1‐YL/INDOLYL)PHENOXY)‐3‐SUBSTITUTED AMINOPROPAN‐2‐OLS/PROPANES AS POTENTIAL BIODYNAMIC AGENTS (1983)

Abstract Aus den Phenolen (I) werden über die Glyeidether (III) die Aminoalkohole (IV) hergestellt.
Hamstring Tendon Grafts for Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (1999)

Because of the well recognized donor-site morbidity associated with the use of patellar ligament grafts for reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament, multiple-strand hamstring-tendon grafts have become an increasingly popular choice. Our data demonstrate that equally tensioned four-strand hamstring-tendon grafts have initial tensile properties that are higher than those reported for ten-millimeter patellar-ligament grafts; thus, from a biomechanical point of view, they seem to be a reasonable alternative.
Formation kinetics of MoSi2 induced by cw scanned laser beam (1982)

Scanned cw laser beams at different scan velocities from 10 to 400 cm/s have been used to study the interaction of thin metal films of molybdenum deposited by electron beam evaporation with single-crystal silicon substrate. Backscattering technique has been used to investigate the growth mechanism of hexagonal silicide MoSi2 as a function of the number of repetitive laser scans. Silicide layers are found to grow at a rate proportional to the square root of the effective annealing time in the whole range of scan velocities. Effective annealing temperatures are calculated for each laser annealing condition, and from an Arrhenius plot a mean value of activation energy for MoSi2 growth is estimated.
Growth of untwinned Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O<i>x</i> thin films by atomically layered epitaxy (1990)

We report the growth of untwinned epitaxial thin films of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O by atomically layered heteroepitaxy on SrTiO3 substrates. These films are c-axis oriented as-layered and do not exhibit 90° in-plane defects, i.e., a-b ‘‘twinning.’’ By misorienting the surface normal from {100} by approximately 4° towards 〈111〉, the cubic symmetry of the {100} surface is adequately broken to completely align the b axis of the superconducting film with respect to the substrate. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction patterns observed during growth and post-growth x-ray diffraction analysis indicate that the incommensurate structural modulation occurs along the same direction as the step edges.
High Level Expression of C4-Specific NADP-Malic Enzyme in Leaves and Impairment of Photoautotrophic Growth in a C3 Plant, Rice (2001)

The chloroplastic NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) is a key enzyme of the C4 photosynthesis pathway in NADP-ME type C4 plants such as maize. To express the chloroplastic NADP-ME in leaves of a C3 plant, rice, full-length cDNAs encoding the rice C3-specific isoform and the maize C4-specific isoform of the enzyme were expressed under the control of the rice CAB: promoter. Transformants carrying the rice cDNA showed the NADP-ME activities in the leaves less than several-fold that of non-transformants, while those carrying the maize cDNA showed activities up to 30-fold that of non-transformants or about 60% of the NADP-ME activity of maize leaves. These results indicate that expression of the rice C3-specific NADP-ME is suppressed at co- and/or post-transcriptional levels by some regulation mechanisms intrinsic to rice, while that of the foreign C4-specific isoform can escape from such suppression. The accumulation of the maize C4-specific NADP-ME led to bleaching of leaf color and growth hindrance in rice plants under natural light. These deteriorative effects resulted from enhanced photoinhibition of photosynthesis due to an increase in the level of NADPH inside the chloroplast by the action of the maize enzyme.
Rapid 3D bioprinting from medical images: an application to bone scaffolding (2018)

Bioprinting of tissue has its applications throughout medicine. Recent advances in medical imaging allows the generation of 3-dimensional models that can then be 3D printed. However, the conventional method of converting medical images to 3D printable G-Code instructions has several limitations, namely significant processing time for large, high resolution images, and the loss of microstructural surface information from surface resolution and subsequent reslicing. We have overcome these issues by creating a JAVA program that skips the intermediate triangularization and reslicing steps and directly converts binary dicom images into G-Code. In this study, we tested the two methods of G-Code generation on the application of synthetic bone graft scaffold generation. We imaged human cadaveric proximal femurs at an isotropic resolution of 0.03mm using a high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) scanner. These images, of the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format, were then processed through two methods. In each method, slices and regions of print were selected, filtered to generate a smoothed image, and thresholded. In the conventional method, these processed images are converted to the STereoLithography (STL) format and then resliced to generate G-Code. In the new, direct method, these processed images are run through our JAVA program and directly converted to G-Code. File size, processing time, and print time were measured for each. We found that this new method produced a significant reduction in G-Code file size as well as processing time (92.23% reduction). This allows for more rapid 3D printing from medical images.
Occurrence of <i>Francisella piscicida</i> in farmed and wild Atlantic cod, <i>Gadus morhua</i> L., in Norway (2008)

Francisellosis, caused by the bacterium Francisella piscicida, has become one of the most serious diseases in Atlantic cod production in Norway. The major aim of this study was to determine the distribution of F. piscicida in farmed and wild fish in areas with cod farming along the Norwegian coast, and its occurrence in cod from areas without cod farming. Two real-time PCR assays, targeting the 16S rRNA gene and the FopA gene of F. piscicida, were developed since sensitive and specific diagnostic tools are required for detecting asymptomatic carriers of the bacterium. A total of 422 wild cod from 13 sampling areas and 955 farmed cod from 10 areas along the coast of Norway were examined. Using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, F. piscicida was detected in wild populations of cod from all counties examined south of Sogn og Fjordane in southern Norway (overall prevalence 13%, n = 221). Wild cod north of Sogn og Fjordane were negative for the bacterium (n = 201). Farmed cod from most parts of Norway were F. piscicida positive. The apparent absence of the bacterium in wild populations of cod in the northern parts of Norway and its widespread occurrence in wild cod from southern parts of Norway is believed to relate to differences in seawater temperatures.