gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects on C3 and CH50 levels during and following extracorporeal whole body hyperthermia. (1999)

Cardiopulmonary bypass can affect inflammatory reactions and evoke the "postperfusion syndrome," manifested as multiple organ dysfunction in the recovery period. This syndrome is generated by the activation of complement, macrophages, neutrophils, and inflammatory cytokines. Following the use of hypothermia during cardiac procedures, active hyperthermic rewarming is used to reestablish body temperature. Complement levels and their interactions have been investigated during and following hypothermia. Hyperthermia is being used clinically; however, the effect of markedly elevated temperatures on complement is unknown and, therefore, needs to be investigated. A pilot canine study was designed to begin to explore what role hyperthermia may play on complement levels during and following extracorporeal whole body hyperthermia. Five dogs were heated to a core temperature of approximately 42 degrees C, held at this elevated temperature for 90 minutes, then cooled to normothermia. A decline in C3 levels at the end of warming with further declines through day 4 post treatment was observed. CH50 levels mimicked the C3 level decline; however, there was a trend for rebounding by day 4. The findings involving complement factors following hyperthermia signify that this increase in temperature causes a decrease in both C3 and CH50 levels.
An overview of the evolution of enterovirus 71 and its clinical and public health significance (2002)

Since its discovery in 1969, enterovirus 71 (EV71) has been recognised as a frequent cause of epidemics of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) associated with severe neurological sequelae in a small proportion of cases. There has been a significant increase in EV71 epidemic activity throughout the Asia-Pacific region since 1997. Recent HFMD epidemics in this region have been associated with a severe form of brainstem encephalitis associated with pulmonary oedema and high case-fatality rates. The emergence of large-scale epidemic activity in the Asia-Pacific region has been associated with the circulation of three genetic lineages that appear to be undergoing rapid evolutionary change. Two of these lineages (B3 and B4) have not been described previously and appear to have arisen from an endemic focus in equatorial Asia, which has served as a source of virus for HFMD epidemics in Malaysia, Singapore and Australia. The third lineage (C2) has previously been identified [Brown, B.A. et al. (1999) J. Virol. 73, 9969-9975] and was primarily responsible for the large HFMD epidemic in Taiwan during 1998. As EV71 appears not to be susceptible to newly developed antiviral agents and a vaccine is not currently available, control of EV71 epidemics through high-level surveillance and public health intervention needs to be maintained and extended throughout the Asia-Pacific region. Future research should focus on (1) understanding the molecular genetics of EV71 virulence, (2) identification of the receptor(s) for EV71, (3) development of antiviral agents to ameliorate the severity of neurological disease and (4) vaccine development to control epidemics. Following the successful experience of the poliomyelitis control programme, it may be possible to control EV71 epidemics if an effective live-attenuated vaccine is developed.
Evaluation of antimicrobial peptide nisin as a safe vaginal contraceptive agent in rabbits: <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies (2004)

In the midst of the global epidemics of both unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), options that provide protection are ideal. In the present study, nisin, a known antimicrobial peptide, was evaluated for safety and contraceptive potential in vitro and in vivo in the rabbit. A concentration of 400 microg nisin per ml was found to be spermicidal in vitro, and the effect was dose and time dependent. In vivo studies indicated that intravaginal application of 1 mg nisin blocked conception in rabbits. Repeated application of nisin (50 mg/animal per day) in rabbits for 14 consecutive days did not cause local inflammation or damage to the vaginal epithelium. In addition, the rate of diffusion of nisin into the blood via the vaginal mucosal epithelium, and its clearance from the circulation was found to be rapid. No treatment-related changes were observed in the reproductive performance of rabbits after cessation of treatment. Furthermore, no changes were observed in the gestation period, subsequent growth and survival of neonates in these animals. When male rats were given nisin orally for 13 consecutive weeks, no effect was observed on reproductive performance. The number of pups born, survival and growth of pups were unaltered. The affinity studies of nisin revealed that spermatozoa are more susceptible to nisin than red blood cells and vaginal epithelial cells. We suggest that nisin with spermicidal and antimicrobial properties could serve as a safe vaginal contraceptive for future therapeutic interventions in STIs.
A low-temperature dynamic mode scanning force microscope operating in high magnetic fields (1999)

A scanning force microscope was implemented operating at temperatures below 4.2 K and in magnetic fields up to 8 T. Piezoelectric quartz tuning forks were employed for nonoptical tip–sample distance control in the dynamic operation mode. Fast response was achieved by using a phase-locked loop for driving the mechanical oscillator. Possible applications of this setup for various scanning probe techniques are discussed.
Direct writing in Si with a scanning tunneling microscope (1989)

Using the W tip of a scanning tunneling microscope, indentations with diameters of 2–10 nm have been made directly in Si (110) and Si (001) surfaces. It is possible to create and image (‘‘write and read’’) arbitrary lines and bit patterns reproducibly with a single tip, without degrading its sharpness. The method does not require ideally flat surfaces and the indentations, when made in Si and kept in ultrahigh vacuum, are stable in time.
Thermal decomposition of hexachloroplatinic acid (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermal decomposition of hexachloroplatinic acidA. E. Schweizer and G. T. KerrCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1978, 17, 8, 2326–2327Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50186a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50186a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2014Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Trading Stock around the Clock: The Future Growth of Global Electronic Markets (1991)

People-intensive physical floors for trading listed stocks are on their way out as financial markets become more institutional and computerized. So far, the NYSE has been the premier international equities market, but its position is being jeopardized by aggressive competitiors. Someday, there will be around-the-clock, around-the-world automated stock trading. But the simple assumption that such trading lurks around the corner ignores a number of complicating factors. The emerging market configuration will depend on a threshold volume of after-hours trading, the listing of global companies in electronic markets, access for all brokers and dealers, vastly improved clearing and settlement procedures, the effective dissemination of trading information, and the international adoption of appropriate rules and regulations. The race to become the dominant international equity market place will be decided by entrepreneurs responding to these powerful new competitive forces.
Experimental Assessment of Sleep-Related Parameters by Passive Infrared Sensors: Measurement Setup, Feature Extraction, and Uncertainty Analysis (2019)

A simple sleep monitoring measurement method is presented in this paper, based on a simple, non-invasive motion sensor, the Passive InfraRed (PIR) motion sensor. The easy measurement set-up proposed is presented and its performances are compared with the ones provided by a commercial, ballistocardiographic bed sensor, used as reference tool. Testing was conducted on 25 nocturnal acquisitions with a voluntary, healthy subject, using the PIR-based proposed method and the reference sensor, simultaneously. A dedicated algorithm was developed to correlate the bed sensor outputs with the PIR signal to extract sleep-related features: sleep latency (SL), sleep interruptions (INT), and time to wake (TTW). Such sleep parameters were automatically identified by the algorithm, and then correlated to the ones computed by the reference bed sensor. The identification of these sleep parameters allowed the computation of an important, global sleep quality parameter: the sleep efficiency (SE). It was calculated for each nocturnal acquisition and then correlated to the SE values provided by the reference sensor. Results show the correlation between the SE values monitored with the PIR and the bed sensor with a robust statistic confidence of 4.7% for the measurement of SE (coverage parameter k = 2), indicating the validity of the proposed, unobstructive approach, based on a simple, small, and low-cost sensor, for the assessment of important sleep-related parameters.
Heterodyne detection: phase front alignment, beam spot size, and detector uniformity (1975)

We consider the effects of signal and local oscillator phase front misalignment, beam spot sizes, and electric field distributions on heterodyne detection. The signal and local oscillator fields that we consider are various combinations of Airy, Gaussian, and uniform distributions. We show that the values of the beam radii that maximize the heterodyne SNR are sensitive to phase front misalignment and that the degradation with misalignment angle is somewhat less severe for Airy received signals than for uniform. We also prove that for small optical spot sizes and perfect alignment, the optimal ratio of local oscillator Gaussian l/e field radius to signal Airy F number is approximately 0.7lambda. We next consider the effects of nonuniform detector quantum efficiency. Simple examples show that quantum efficiencies averaged over the detector surface give only crude estimates of the sensitivity of a heterodyne system. For accurate estimates full account must be made of the electric field parameters and the detector re ponse at each point on its photosurface.
Identification and Characterization of Disulfide Bonds in Proteins and Peptides from Tandem MS Data by Use of the MassMatrix MS/MS Search Engine (2007)

A new database search algorithm has been developed to identify disulfide-linked peptides in tandem MS data sets. The algorithm is included in the newly developed tandem MS database search program, MassMatrix. The algorithm exploits the probabilistic scoring model in MassMatrix to achieve identification of disulfide bonds in proteins and peptides. Proteins and peptides with disulfide bonds can be identified with high confidence without chemical reduction or other derivatization. The approach was tested on peptide and protein standards with known disulfide bonds. All disulfide bonds in the standard set were identified by MassMatrix. The algorithm was further tested on bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNaseA). The 4 native disulfide bonds in RNaseA were detected by MassMatrix with multiple validated peptide matches for each disulfide bond with high statistical scores. Fifteen nonnative disulfide bonds were also observed in the protein digest under basic conditions (pH = 8.0) due to disulfide bond interchange. After minimizing the disulfide bond interchange (pH = 6.0) during digestion, only one nonnative disulfide bond was observed. The MassMatrix algorithm offers an additional approach for the discovery of disulfide bond from tandem mass spectrometry data.
Depth map up-sampling using cost-volume filtering (2013)

Depth maps captured by active sensors (e.g., ToF cameras and Kinect) typically suffer from poor spatial resolution, considerable amount of noise, and missing data. To overcome these problems, we propose a novel depth map up-sampling method which increases the resolution of the original depth map while effectively suppressing aliasing artifacts. Assuming that a registered high-resolution texture image is available, the cost-volume filtering framework is applied to this problem. Our experiments show that cost-volume filtering can generate the high-resolution depth map accurately and efficiently while preserving discontinuous object boundaries, which is often a challenge when various state-of-the-art algorithms are applied.
Two-stage power factor corrected power supplies: the low component-stress approach (2003)

The discussion concerning the use of single-stage contra two-stage PFC solutions has been going on for the last decade and it continues. The purpose of this paper is to direct the focus back on how the power is processed and not so much as to the number of stages or the amount of power processed. The performance of the basic DC/DC topologies is reviewed with focus on the component stress. The knowledge obtained in this process is used to review some examples of the alternative PFC solutions and compare these solutions with the basic two-stage PFC solution.
Sketching mesh deformations (2005)

Techniques for interactive deformation of unstructured polygon meshes are of fundamental importance to a host of applications. Most traditional approaches to this problem have emphasized precise control over the deformation being made. However, they are often cumbersome and unintuitive for non-expert users.In this paper, we present an interactive system for deforming unstructured polygon meshes that is very easy to use. The user interacts with the system by sketching curves in the image plane. A single stroke can define a free-form skeleton and the region of the model to be deformed. By sketching the desired deformation of this reference curve, the user can implicitly and intuitively control the deformation of an entire region of the surface. At the same time, the reference curve also provides a basis for controlling additional parameters, such as twist and scaling. We demonstrate that our system can be used to interactively edit a variety of unstructured mesh models with very little effort. We also show that our formulation of the deformation provides a natural way to interpolate between character poses, allowing generation of simple key framed animations.
Detection of <i>c‐fms</i> protooncogene in early mouse embryos by whole mount <i>in situ</i> hybridization indicates roles for macrophages in tissue remodelling (1995)

The c-fms protoncogene which encodes the receptor for macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1) was localized in the developing mouse embryo by whole in situ hybridization. c-fms was expressed first in placental trophoblasts. Around 9.5 dpc, isolated c-fms-positive cells became detectable in the yolk sac and by 10.5 dpc large numbers were detectable throughout the embryo. The localization of c-fms expression was consistent with its restriction to macrophages, and with the location of those macrophages in sites of tissue turnover and extensive cell death.
Molecular Similarities in the Ligand Binding Pockets of an Odorant Receptor and the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors (2003)

The 5.24 odorant receptor is an amino acid sensing receptor that is expressed in the olfactory epithelium of fish. The 5.24 receptor is a G-protein-coupled receptor that shares amino acid sequence identity to mammalian pheromone receptors, the calcium-sensing receptor, the T1R taste receptors, and the metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). It is most potently activated by the basic amino acids L-lysine and L-arginine. In this study we generated a homology model of the ligand binding domain of the 5.24 receptor based on the crystal structure of mGluR1 and examined the proposed lysine binding pocket using site-directed mutagenesis. Mutants of truncated glycosylated versions of the receptor containing only the extracellular domain were analyzed in a radioligand binding assay, whereas the analogous full-length membrane-bound mutants were studied using a fluorescence-based functional assay. In silico analysis predicted that aspartate 388 interacts with the terminal amino group on the side chain of the docked lysine molecule. This prediction was supported by experimental observations demonstrating that mutation of this residue caused a 26-fold reduction in the affinity for L-lysine but virtually no change in the affinity for the polar amino acid L-glutamine. In addition, mutations in four highly conserved residues (threonine 175, tyrosine 223, and aspartates 195 and 309) predicted to establish interactions with the alpha amino group of the bound lysine ligand greatly reduced or eliminated binding and receptor activation. These results define the essential features of amino acid selectivity within the 5.24 receptor binding pocket and highlight an evolutionarily conserved motif required for ligand recognition in amino acid activated receptors in the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily.
Development of an image processing system for a special purpose mobile robot navigation (2002)

In this study, a complete image processing and analysis system is developed for a special purpose mobile robot. The aim of this mobile robot is to recognize open doors and move through the open door with narrow clearance. The output of image processing is used as input data file to a neural network (NN) based pattern recognition software. The NN inform the greater system about the existence of a door. Further process is to interpret the door status by using some knowledge based algorithms. If the door is open, next process determines position of the mobile robot with respect to the open door. This paper includes related image processing algorithms for image analysis stages. Selection criteria and modification algorithms of the implemented algorithms are presented to some extend. Some test results are also presented.
Micropatterns of double-layered nanofiber scaffolds with dual functions of cell patterning and metabolite detection (2011)

This paper describes the development of multi-functional nanofiber scaffolds consisting of multiple layers of nanofiber scaffolds and nanofiber-incorporated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we fabricated micropatterned polymeric nanofiber scaffolds that were capable of simultaneously generating cellular micropatterns within a biomimetic environment and detecting cellular metabolic products within well-defined microdomains. To achieve this goal, we designed nanofiber scaffolds with both vertical and lateral microdomains. Vertically heterogeneous structures that were responsible for multi-functionality were realized by preparing double-layered nanofiber scaffolds consisting of an antibody-immobilized bottom layer of nanofibers and an upper layer of bare polystyrene (PS) nanofibers by a two-step sequential electrospinning process. Photopatterning of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel on the electrospun nanofibers produced laterally heterogeneous micropatterned nanofiber scaffolds made of hydrogel microwells filled with a nanofibrous region, which is capable of generating cell and protein micropatterns due to the different interactions that cells and proteins have with PEG hydrogels and nanofibers. When HepG2 cells were seeded into resultant nanofiber scaffolds, cells selectively adhered within the 200 μm × 200 μm PS fiber microdomain and formed 180.2 ± 6.7 μm spheroids after 5 days of culture in the upper layer. Furthermore, immobilized anti-albumin in the bottom layer detected albumin secreted by micropatterned HepG2 cells with higher sensitivity than flat PS substrates, demonstrating successful accomplishment of dual functions using micropatterned double-layered nanofiber scaffolds.
The Impact of Virtual Try-on Image Interaction Technology on Online Shoppers' Purchase Decision (2017)

Online shopping gains increasing popularity with the advance of Internet technology -- for example such trend is formed with the new ways of shopping clothing products. Recently, virtual try-on image interaction technology has been used by online clothing retailers in an attempt to increase sales. It is interesting to investigate how virtual try-on image interaction technology affects online shoppers' purchase decision, especially from a combined view of utilitarian, hedonic, and risk perspectives. This study proposes to study the effect of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived enjoyment, perceived socialisation, perceived product risk, and perceived transaction risk on online shoppers' attitudes towards purchasing clothes online which in turn is expected to influence their purchase decision. This study could enhance our understanding of the roles that virtual try-on image interaction technology plays in online shoppers' purchase decision-making process. This study also suggests key aspects of virtual try-on image interaction technology for designers and online retailers.
Evaluation of the influence of in-situ reservoir conditions o the geometry of hydraulic fractures using a 3-D(3-dimensional) simulator. Part 2. Case studies (1984)

The development of the basic theory and numeric implementation of a 3-dimensional hydraulic fracturing simulator has been completed. This study considers the practical applications. The simulator can predict fracture geometry in a layered rock media under a wide range of in situ and fluid treatment conditions. Fifteen cases are discussed. The effects of fracture pressure gradient, stress contrast, reservoir layer stiffness, fluid viscosity, and initial fracture geometry are evaluated. Resultant fracture shapes are presented, and their implications on fracture design are discussed. Fracture containment is shown to be strongly dependent on the elastic modulus of the formation, magnitude of stress barriers, and fluid viscosity. 11 references.
Comparison of midazolam and simvastatin as cytochrome P450 3A probes (2006)

Compared with midazolam, simvastatin is a nonvalidated, suboptimal probe for studying CYP3A drug interactions because of its lack of CYP3A specificity.