gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impulsiveness mediates the association between <i>GABRA2</i> SNPs and lifetime alcohol problems (2013)

Genetic variants in GABRA2 have previously been shown to be associated with alcohol measures, electroencephalography (EEG) β waves and impulsiveness-related traits. Impulsiveness is a behavioral risk factor for alcohol and other substance abuse. Here, we tested association between 11 variants in GABRA2 with NEO-impulsiveness and problem drinking. Our sample of 295 unrelated adult subjects was from a community of families with at least one male with DSM-IV alcohol use diagnosis, and from a socioeconomically comparable control group. Ten GABRA2 SNPs (single-nucleotide polymorphisms) were associated with the NEO-impulsiveness (P < 0.03). The alleles associated with higher impulsiveness correspond to the minor alleles identified in previous alcohol dependence studies. All ten SNPs are in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with each other and represent one effect on impulsiveness. Four SNPs and the corresponding haplotype from intron 3 to intron 4 were also associated with Lifetime Alcohol Problems Score (LAPS, P < 0.03) (not corrected for multiple testing). Impulsiveness partially mediates (22.6% average) this relation between GABRA2 and LAPS. Our results suggest that GABRA2 variation in the region between introns 3 and 4 is associated with impulsiveness and this effect partially influences the development of alcohol problems, but a direct effect of GABRA2 on problem drinking remains. A potential functional SNP rs279827, located next to a splice site, is located in the most significant region for both impulsiveness and LAPS. The high degree of LD among nine of these SNPs and the conditional analyses we have performed suggest that all variants represent one signal.
Effects of an Avidin‐Biotin Binding System on Chondrocyte Adhesion and Growth on Biodegradable Polymers (2005)

Cell adhesion to a scaffold is a prerequisite for tissue engineering. Many studies have been focused on enhancing cell adhesion to synthetic materials that are used for scaffold fabrication. In this study, we applied an avidin-biotin binding system to enhance chondrocyte adhesion to biodegradable polymers. Biotin molecules were conjugated to the cell membrane of chondrocytes, and mediated cell adhesion to avidin-coated surfaces. We demonstrated that immobilization of biotin molecules to chondrocyte surfaces enhanced cell adhesion to avidin-coated biodegradable polymers such as poly(L-lactic acid), poly(D,L-lactic acid), and polycaprolactone, compared to the adhesion of normal chondrocytes to the same type of biodegradable polymer. The biotinylated chondrocytes still maintained their proliferation ability. This study showed the promise of applying the avidin-biotin system in cartilage tissue engineering. [diagram in text].
Total synthesis of sulfated Lex and Lea-type oligosaccharide selectin ligands (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of sulfated Lex and Lea-type oligosaccharide selectin ligandsK. C. Nicolaou, N. J. Bockovich, and D. R. CarcanagueCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 19, 8843–8844Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00072a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00072a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views577Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Dimeric structure and conformational stability of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 (1992)

We have examined the molecular structure of the related neurotrophic factors brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) by physical methods, including gel filtration, velocity sedimentation, sedimentation equilibrium, urea gel electrophoresis, fluorescence spectroscopy, and far-ultraviolet circular dichroism. The results of these studies indicate that at physiologically relevant concentrations both recombinant proteins exist as tightly associated dimers. The dimers are stable even in 8 M solutions of urea. In solutions of guanidine hydrochloride, BDNF and NT-3 undergo slow unfolding between 3 and 5 M concentration of denaturant. Circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed approximately 70% beta-sheet and 20% beta-turn content in the native structure of both neurotrophic factors. In this respect, BDNF and NT-3 resemble other polypeptide growth factors whose receptors are also integral protein-tyrosine kinases.
Sexual activity in hypertensive men treated with valsartan or carvedilol: a crossover study (2001)

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of antihypertensive treatment with valsartan or cavedilol on sexual activity in hypertensive men who were never treated for hypertension. A total of 160 newly diagnosed hypertensive men (diastolic blood pressure [DBP] > or = 95 mm Hg and < 110 mm Hg), aged 40 to 49 years, all married and without any previous sexual disfunction, were enrolled. After a 4-week placebo period, the patients were divided into two groups: a) 120 patients were randomized to receive carvedilol 50 mg once daily or valsartan 80 mg once daily for 16 weeks according to a double-blind, cross-over design; after another 4-week placebo period, patients were crossed over to the alternative regimen for a further 16 weeks; b) 40 patients were treated with placebo according to a single-blind design for 16 weeks. At the screening visit and every 4 weeks thereafter, blood pressure (BP) was evaluated and patients were interviewed by a questionnaire about their sexual activity. Blood pressure was significantly lowered by both treatments, with a 48% of normalization with valsartan and 45% with carvedilol. During the first month of therapy, sexual activity (assessed as number of sexual intercourse episodes per month) declined with both drugs as compared with baseline, although the decrease was statistically significant in the carvedilol (from 8.2 to 4.4 sexual intercourse episodes, P < .01) but not in the valsartan-treated patients (from 8.3 to 6.6 sexual intercourse episodes, not significant). Ongoing with the treatment the sexual activity further worsened with carvedilol (3.7 sexual intercourse episodes per month) while fully recovered and also improved with valsartan (10.2 sexual intercourse episodes per month). The results were confirmed by the cross-over. Erectile dysfunction was a complaint of 15 patients with carvedilol (13.5%), one patient with valsartan (0.9%), and one patient in the placebo group. These findings suggest that carvedilol induces a chronic worsening of sexual activity, whereas valsartan not only does not significantly worsen sexual activity but may even improve it.
Bcl-6 protein expression in normal and neoplastic lymphoid tissues. (1997)

The human bcl-6 gene, which is rearranged in about 30% of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLCL-B), encodes for a Kruppel-type zinc finger protein of 706 amino acids. In order to investigate the expression of the bcl-6 gene at the protein level, two monoclonal antibodies (PG-B6a and PG-B6p) directed against the human bcl-6 protein were generated by immunizing Balb/c mice with a recombinant protein corresponding to the amino-terminal region (amino acids 3-484) of bcl-6. PG-B6a (a = avian) recognized the most conserved bcl-6 epitope (expressed in many animal species, including avian). PG-B6p (p = paraffin) reacted with an epitope of bcl-6 partially resistant to fixatives and detectable on microwave-heated paraffin sections. At immunocytochemistry, bcl-6 localized in the nucleus with a microgranular or diffuse pattern. Strong nuclear expression of bcl-6 was mainly detected in normal germinal-center B-cells, whereas mantle- and marginal-zone B cells, as well as plasma cells and marrow B-cell precursors, did not express bcl-6. These immunohistological findings strongly suggest that bcl-6 may play a role as a regulator of germinal-center related functions. All MoAbs stained neoplastic cells of follicular lymphomas, DLCL-B, and Burkitt's lymphomas. In DLCL-B, bcl-6 expression was independent of bcl-6 gene rearrangements and did not correlate with expression of other markers or the proliferation index. Among low-grade B-cell lymphomas, immunostaining for bcl-6 proved useful for differentiating proliferation centers in B-CLL (bcl-2+/bcl-6-) from trapped germinal centers in mantle-cell lymphomas (bcl-2-/bcl-6+). Strong nuclear positivity for bcl-6 was consistently detected in tumor (L&H) cells of nodular, lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin's disease (NLPHD). These results further support the concept that NLPHD is a histogenetically distinct (germinal-center derived) subtype of HD. Notably, the nuclei of reactive CD3+/ CD4+ T cells near to and rosetting around L&H cells in NLPHD were also strongly bcl-6+, but lacked CD40 ligand (CD40L) expression. This staining pattern clearly differed from that of classic HD, whose cellular background was made up of CD3+/CD4+ T cells showing the bcl-6-/CD40L+ phenotype. The above immunohistological findings suggest that (a) bcl-6 may play a role in regulating B-cell differentiation step(s) occurring within germinal centers; (b) deregulated bcl-6 expression caused by rearrangements may contribute to B-lymphomagenesis; (c) bcl-6 is possibly involved in the pathogenesis of NLPHD.
User interface requirements for authentication of communication (2003)

Authentication is a security service that consists of verifying that someone &apos;s identity is as claimed. There are a number of challenges to presenting information from the authentication process to the user in a way that is meaningful and ensures security. We show examples where authentication requirements are not met, due to user behaviour and properties of existing user interfaces, and suggest some solutions to these problems.
Isolation and Characterization of a Prenylcysteine Lyase from Bovine Brain (1997)

Prenylated proteins contain one of two isoprenoid lipids, either the 15-carbon farnesyl or the 20-carbon geranylgeranyl, covalently attached to cysteine residues at or near their C terminus. The cellular abundance of prenylated proteins, which can comprise up to 2% of total cellular protein, raises the question of how cells dispose of prenylcysteines produced during the normal turnover of prenylated proteins. We have identified and characterized a novel enzyme, which we term prenylcysteine lyase, that is capable of cleaving the thioether bond of prenylcysteines. The enzyme was isolated from bovine brain membranes and exhibits an apparent molecular mass of 63 kDa. The enzyme did not require NADPH as cofactor for prenylcysteine degradation, thus distinguishing it from cytochrome P450- and flavin-containing monooxygenases that catalyze S-oxidation of thioethers. Purified prenylcysteine lyase shows similar kinetics in utilization of both farnesylcysteine and geranylgeranylcysteine as substrates, although Vmax is 2-fold higher with the former compound. Interaction of prenylcysteine substrates with the enzyme requires that they possess a free amino group; N-acetylated prenylcysteines and prenyl peptides are not substrates. These findings suggest that prenylcysteine lyase is a specific enzyme involved in prenylcysteine metabolism in mammalian cells, most likely comprising the final step in the degradation of prenylated proteins.
The ubiquitin–proteasome system and signal transduction pathways regulating Epithelial Mesenchymal transition of cancer (2012)

Epithelial to Mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer, a process permitting cancer cells to become mobile and metastatic, has a signaling hardwire forged from development. Multiple signaling pathways that regulate carcinogenesis enabling characteristics in neoplastic cells such as proliferation, resistance to apoptosis and angiogenesis are also the main players in EMT. These pathways, as almost all cellular processes, are in their turn regulated by ubiquitination and the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS). Ubiquitination is the covalent link of target proteins with the small protein ubiquitin and serves as a signal to target protein degradation by the proteasome or to other outcomes such as endocytosis, degradation by the lysosome or specification of cellular localization. This paper reviews signal transduction pathways regulating EMT and being regulated by ubiquitination.
A descriptive model of surface sites on molybdenum(tungsten) disulfide particles (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA descriptive model of surface sites on molybdenum(tungsten) disulfide particlesS. KasztelanCite this: Langmuir 1990, 6, 3, 590–595Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00093a013https://doi.org/10.1021/la00093a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views226Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Patient appointment scheduling system: with supervised learning prediction (2015)

Large waiting times at hospital outpatient clinics are a cause of dissatisfaction to patients, cause additional stress to hospital staff, increase the risk of contagion and add complications for patients with medical conditions. Reducing waiting times and surgeon idle time improves the quality of service and efficiency of a hospital: this is a recently growing focus in healthcare. Oulu hospital wants to identify and reduce large waiting times at their out-patient clinic. For the past few years the clinic has used a self-service system whereby patients register on arrival and hospital staff use a patient call-in system. The past schedules are analyzed using this data: information visualizations and performance measures are provided. The worst performing clinic sessions are the subject of the scheduling optimization prototype system. The scheduling optimization focuses on predicting the duration of an appointment and the late arrival of the surgeon. These two factors have been identified as causes of long patient waiting times. The variance of the duration is identified to be high, therefore supervised-learning regression is used for both simple inference and prediction. The features that are good predictors and the results of the prediction accuracy are reported. With the predicted appointment durations, and surgeon arrival times, a scheduling optimization approach is used to improve the existing schedule; a simple greedy hill-climbing approach is evaluated. It is found that using the historical data to simulate a real day, appointment rules and scheduling optimization the patient waiting time is reduced with this method. Showing the system to be potentially promising.
Precipitation of nitrides and carbides during solidification and cooling in continuous casting (2006)

As cast CC slabs of microalloyed steels are prone to surface cracking. Precipitation phenomena, initiated during solidification, reduce ductility at high temperature. The size, morphology and distribution of precipitates in as cast semis depend on solidification rate, on secondary cooling, straightening and cooling off the caster. Microsegregation of the microalloying additions to the interdendritic boundaries during solidification increases precipitation temperature. Results are presented concerning the effect of solidification and cooling on precipitates characteristics in semis. The characterization of precipitates is quite satisfactory although it could not be clearly correlated with surface quality.
Theory and practice of sequential machine testing and testability (2002)

Undetectable and redundant faults in synchronous sequential circuits have recently received wide attention. Previous classifications of detectable, undetectable and redundant faults in such circuits assume certain restrictions regarding the operation of the circuit-under-test. In this work, no restrictions are imposed, and faults are classified on the basis of the existence (or lack) of an input/output experiment that distinguishes the fault free and faulty circuits. It is shown that faults that were previously considered redundant are detectable according to the new definitions (detectable in a probabilistic sense). The practical usefulness of the fault classification presented is discussed.
Case-Based Reasoning For Robotic Assembly Cell Diagnosis (1989)

This research explores case-based reasoning for robotic assembly cell diagnosis. The case-based reasoning approach to cell diagnosis is different from the case-based reasoning approach to general diagnosis problems which have enough past cases or examples. Since the failure cases of a robotic assembly cell are not generally available in the early stage of cell operation, the cell failures should be artificially generated from the design information of cell struc-ture and assembly sequence; the analysis of generated cell failures are then used for the cell diagnosis. The case representation, case management and search for appropriate case from case database are studied with an example of a robotic assembly cell. The failure cases are hierarchically distributed and multiply indexed within the hierarchical causal model of the robotic assembly cell. The diagnostic performance gradually increases as the diagnostic case data-base grows.
Type‐2 plasminogen‐activator inhibitor is a substrate for trophoblast transglutaminase and Factor XIII<sub>a</sub> (1993)

Plasminogen-activator inhibitor type-2 (PAI-2), a serine-proteinase inhibitor, suppresses fibrinolysis by blocking both urokinase and tissue-type plasminogen activators. The 43-kDa PAI-2 molecule is an abundant cytosolic protein in certain cell types, but can upon appropriate stimulation be secreted as an approximately 60-70-kDa glycoprotein. However, in trophoblast membranes PAI-2 activity is associated with large covalent complexes (Jensen, P. H., Nykjaer, P., Andreasen P. A., Lund, L., Astedt, B. Lecander, I & Gliemann, J. (1989) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 986, 135-140). This study shows that PAI-2 can act as a substrate for both tissue transglutaminase and activated plasma factor XIII. In the presence of Ca2+, either of these will catalyze the incorporation of primary amines, such as putrescine, into PAI-2. Moreover, in reactions with tissue transglutaminase, PAI-2 homopolymers and, in conjunction with other biological substrates, heteropolymers were observed. As judged by the test of incorporating 125I-urokinase into SDS-resistant 125I-urokinase/PAI-2 complexes, polymerized PAI-2 retained its inhibitory activity. Furthermore, syncytiotrophoblast microvillous membranes and trophoblast detergent extracts incorporated 125I-PAI-2 into large structures in a reaction inhibited by putrescine and a synthetic inhibitor of transglutaminase. Trophoblast transglutaminase was identified as a tissue transglutaminase by non-denaturing gel electrophoresis and dansylcadaverine activity staining, fibronectin binding and Western blotting with a specific antibody. The transglutaminase-catalyzed and Ca(2+)-dependent anchoring of PAI-2 to extracellular membrane structures might have the purpose of focally regulating fibrinolysis.
Ultrahigh-finesse, low-mode-volume Fabry–Perot microcavity (2010)

Ultralow-loss concave micromirrors with radius of curvature below 60μm were fabricated by laser ablation and reflective coatings. A 10-μm-long microcavity with a mode volume of 40μm3 was set up with two such mirrors, and the cavity linewidth was measured both spectrally and temporally. The smallest linewidth obtained was 96MHz, corresponding to a quality factor of 3.3×106 and a finesse in excess of 1.5×105. With these parameters, we estimate that a variety of solid-state quantum emitters coupled to the cavity may enter the strong coupling regime.
Benefits of using explicit ground-plane information for grid-based urban environment modeling (2015)

Abstract—Future advanced driver assistant systems and auto-mated driving put high demands on the environmental perception especially in urban environments. Major tasks are the perception of static and dynamic elements along with the drivable area and road structures. Although these tasks can be done without an explicit representation of the ground surface, evaluations with real-world sensor data have shown that many failures in sensor data interpretation result from inappropriate ground point filtering, e.g. false negative or false positive detection of objects. That means, the ground plane estimation becomes a key-task in urban environment modeling assuming a reliable perception of the local vehicle’s surroundings is required. In this paper we thus present the enhancements of the environment modeling that can be derived from an explicit representation of the ground surface. We propose the combination of channel-wise ground classification with a grid-based representation of the ground height to cope with spatial false measurements and exploit inter-channel dependency. Partial occlusions by other road users are handled in an efficient way. Integration of the ground data is shown by a pitch angle estimation and a curb detection module. The algorithms run in real-time on a standard PC and are evaluated with real sensor data. I.