gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SAP Is Required for Th Cell Function and for Immunity to Influenza (2006)

Ab is a crucial component of protective immunity to infection, but Ab responses do not proceed normally when defects occur in a protein called signaling lymphocytic activation molecule-associated protein (SAP). To explain this Ab defect, we analyzed B cell and plasma cell responses under conditions of SAP deficiency. Our results demonstrate that SAP-deficient (SAP knockout (KO)) mice have a profound CD4 T cell-intrinsic defect in generating Ag-specific plasma cells following challenge with model Ags or influenza virus, resulting in low Ag-specific Ab titers. We also show that SAP is required in CD4 T cells for normal division and expansion of B cells. These B cell and plasma cell defects were observed during the expansion phase of the primary immune response, indicating early defects in Th cell activity. In fact, additional experiments revealed a nearly complete lack of T cell help for B cells in SAP KO mice. Our work suggests that the ability of SAP to promote T-dependent humoral immune responses is important for antiviral immunity because mice lacking SAP are unable to prevent high dose secondary influenza infection, and because passive transfer of IgG in immune serum from wild-type, but not SAP KO mice can protect mice from an otherwise lethal influenza infection. Overall, our results demonstrate that SAP is required in CD4 T cells for their ability to help B cell responses and promote influenza-specific immunity.
Th1 and Th17 Cells Regulate Innate Immune Responses and Bacterial Clearance during Central Nervous System Infection (2011)

Brain abscesses arise following parenchymal infection with pyogenic bacteria and are typified by inflammation and edema, which frequently results in a multitude of long-term health problems. The impact of adaptive immunity in shaping continued innate responses during late-stage brain abscess formation is not known but is important, because robust innate immunity is required for effective bacterial clearance. To address this issue, brain abscesses were induced in TCR αβ knockout (KO) mice, because CD4(+) and NKT cells represented the most numerous T cell infiltrates. TCR αβ KO mice exhibited impaired bacterial clearance during later stages of infection, which was associated with alterations in neutrophil and macrophage recruitment, as well as perturbations in cytokine/chemokine expression. Adoptive transfer of either Th1 or Th17 cells into TCR αβ KO mice restored bacterial burdens and innate immune cell infiltrates to levels detected in wild-type animals. Interestingly, adoptively transferred Th17 cells demonstrated plasticity within the CNS compartment and induced distinct cytokine secretion profiles in abscess-associated microglia and macrophages compared with Th1 transfer. Collectively, these studies identified an amplification loop for Th1 and Th17 cells in shaping established innate responses during CNS infection to maximize bacterial clearance and differentially regulate microglial and macrophage secretory profiles.
Development of a High-Performance Camera-Control Device and its Application to TV Programs (1999)

NHK is studying an intelligent robot camera, which can shoot realistic images effectively suitable for diverse programs, as a technology for a new kind of program production support. An experimental device has been developed for high-performance camera control based on analysis of the broadcast cameraman's shooting techniques. We were able to confirm that the device is capable of faithfully reproducing the work of the broadcast cameraman, characterized by subtle speed alteration. Special program effect approaches called the moving shoot and the virtual competition system tested and proved to be useful for program production.
A wireless home network and its application systems (2000)

A 400 MHz SLP band transceiver utilizing a single-chip direct conversion demodulator realizes a wireless home network. An application of the network is the maintenance system networking a home water heater and a service station/company to form a closed-loop. The closed loop system provides automatic maintenance and repair. A health promotion system, another application, reduces the prevalence of health risk behavior.
X-linked H3K27me3 demethylase Utx is required for embryonic development in a sex-specific manner (2012)

Embryogenesis requires the timely and coordinated activation of developmental regulators. It has been suggested that the recently discovered class of histone demethylases (UTX and JMJD3) that specifically target the repressive H3K27me3 modification play an important role in the activation of "bivalent" genes in response to specific developmental cues. To determine the requirements for UTX in pluripotency and development, we have generated Utx-null ES cells and mutant mice. The loss of UTX had a profound effect during embryogenesis. Utx-null embryos had reduced somite counts, neural tube closure defects and heart malformation that presented between E9.5 and E13.5. Unexpectedly, homozygous mutant female embryos were more severely affected than hemizygous mutant male embryos. In fact, we observed the survival of a subset of UTX-deficient males that were smaller in size and had reduced lifespan. Interestingly, these animals were fertile with normal spermatogenesis. Consistent with a midgestation lethality, UTX-null male and female ES cells gave rise to all three germ layers in teratoma assays, though sex-specific differences could be observed in the activation of developmental regulators in embryoid body assays. Lastly, ChIP-seq analysis revealed an increase in H3K27me3 in Utx-null male ES cells. In summary, our data demonstrate sex-specific requirements for this X-linked gene while suggesting a role for UTY during development.
Can Students Collaboratively Use Hypermedia to Learn Science? The Dynamics of Self-and other-Regulatory Processes in an Ecology Classroom (2004)

This classroom study examined the role of low-achieving students' self-regulated learning (SRL) behaviors and their teacher's scaffolding of SRL while using a Web-based water quality simulation environment to learn about ecological systems. Forty-nine 11th and 12th grade students learned about ecology and the effects of land use on water quality by collaboratively using the RiverWeb SM water quality simulation (WQS) during a two-week curriculum on environmental science. The students' emerging understanding was assessed using pretest and posttest scores. Students' self-regulatory behaviors and teacher's scaffolding of SRL were assessed through an analysis of their discourse during several collaborative problem-solving episodes. Findings indicate that students learned significantly more about ecology after working collaboratively with the WQS. However, these learning gains were quite small and were related to the self-regulatory behaviors observed in the dyads and their teacher's scaffolding and instruction. Analyses of video data indicate that a large amount of time was spent by the dyads and teacher in using only a few strategies, while very little time was spent on planning, monitoring, and handling task difficulties and demands. Further analysis revealed that both the dyads and teacher were using low-level strategies (e.g., following procedural tasks, evaluating the content, searching, and selecting informational sources in the WQS) to learn about the topic. Our results provide a valuable initial characterization of the complexity of self-and other-regulated learning in a complex, dynamic, technology-enhanced, student-centered science classroom. We discuss how the results will be used to inform the design of computers as MetaCognitive tools designed to foster students' learning of conceptually challenging science topics.
Purification and characterization of the major group-specific core antigen VP7 of bluetongue virus synthesized by a recombinant baculovirus (1990)

The major core protein, VP7, of bluetongue virus serotype 10 (BTV-10) has been purified from insect cells infected with a genetically manipulated recombinant baculovirus. The high level expression of VP7 (in excess of 100 mg per litre of culture) and its presence in the soluble fraction of infected cells following lysis by detergent has allowed the purification of the protein virtually to homogeneity (95%) by a simple two-step procedure of ammonium sulphate fractionation and ion-exchange chromatography. The purified antigen is highly immunogenic and has been shown in an ELISA to be reactive with antisera of 24 BTV serotypes (1 to 24) as well as with an antiserum raised to African horsesickness virus type 4 (AHSV-4), a representative of another serogroup of orbiviruses. In confirmation of these data a monospecific antiserum raised with the expressed product has been shown by Western blot analyses to react with other BTV serotypes as well as with two serotypes of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV-1 and EHDV-2), a closely related orbivirus. The data indicated that VP7 is a highly conserved protein amongst BTV serotypes and at least partly conserved amongst three serogroups of orbiviruses.
Enhancing the Stability of Foam by the Use of Nanoparticles (2017)

Foam generation is one of the most promising techniques to overcome gas mobility challenges and improve the sweep efficiency of reservoir fluids. The synergistic effect of surfactant and nanoparticles can help produce a stronger and more stable foam in reservoir porous media. The objective of this work is to assess the ability of anionic surfactant and a mixture of the surfactant and nanoparticles to produce foam for gas mobility control and the enhancement of oil recovery. Static, dynamic, and core flood tests were conducted to evaluate foam strength. Static foam tests in the presence of crude oil showed a clear trend on foam behavior when solid nanoparticles were added to surfactant. As the concentration of nanoparticles increases, the foam half-life increases, too. Foamability tests in Bentheimer sandstone showed better foam generation and stabilization when nanoparticles were used. The addition of nanoaprticles to surfactant solutions resulted in higher pressure drop and, therefore, higher reduction of gas mobility compared to surfactant. The rise in temperature from 25 to 50 °C reduces the measured pressure drop across the core samples in the absence and presence of nanoparticles, which can be attributed to the reduction in foam stability and strength. Both surfactant and a mixture of surfactant and nanoparticles were able to enhance oil recovery. The surfactant was able to bring the oil recovery to 41.45% of the original oil in place (OOIP). In contrast, the presence of nanoparticles resulted in higher oil recovery, 49.05%, of the OOIP.
Robotic Drilling System for 737 Aileron (2007)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Boeing's wholly owned subsidiary in Australia, Hawker de Havilland produces all ailerons for the Boeing 737 family of aircraft. Increasing production rates required to meet market demand drove the requirements for a new updated approach to assembly of these parts. Using lean principals, a pulsed flow line approach was developed. A component of this new line is the integration of a flexible robotic drilling/trimming system. The new robotic system is required to meet aggressive tack time targets with high levels of reliability.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The selected system was built on a Kuka KR360-2 conventional articulated arm robot. A significant challenge of this project was the requirement for the process head to work efficiently on an aileron in an existing jig. As a result a new side-mounted drill and trim end effector was developed. Automated tool changers for both cutters and pressure foot assemblies eliminated the requirement for in- process manual intervention. The robot was also configured to allow safe operation in two opposing work zones. This permitted the robot to continue working while parts are loaded and unloaded from an adjacent cell, improving the overall cell efficiency.</div>
Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Regio- and Stereoselective Hydrosilylation of Alkenes with Trialkylsilanes (1999)

The hydrosilylation of cyclic alkenes and linear alkenes with trialkylsilanes in the presence of Lewis acid catalysts under mild conditions gave the corresponding (trialkylsilyl)alkanes in fair to good yields. The reaction of 1-methylcyclohexene with triethylsilane at −20 °C gave cis-1-triethylsilyl-2-methylcyclohexane with regio- and stereoselectivity via a trans hydrosilylation pathway. Cycloalkenes having an alkyl group at the double-bonded carbon showed better reactivity than nonsubstituted compounds in the Lewis acid-catalyzed hydrosilylation. The catalytic reactivity of Lewis acids decreases in the following order: AlBr3 > AlCl3 > HfCl4 > EtAlCl2 > ZrCl4 > TiCl4. When triorganochlorosilane was used as an activator in the aluminum chloride-catalyzed reaction, the hydrosilylation rate drastically increased. The results are consistent with a stepwise mechanism proceeding via the formation of a trialkylsilylenium ion intermediate.
Intentional Walks on Scale Free Small Worlds (2001)

We present a novel algorithm that generates scale free small world graphs such as those found in the World Wide Web,social and metabolic networks. We use the generated graphs to study the dynamics of a realistic search strategy on the graphs, and find that they can be navigated in a very short number of steps.
Microarray Technology Applied to Human Allergic Disease (2017)

IgE antibodies serve as the gatekeeper for the release of mediators from sensitized (IgE positive) mast cells and basophils following a relevant allergen exposure which can lead to an immediate-type hypersensitivity (allergic) reaction. Purified recombinant and native allergens were combined in the 1990s with state of the art chip technology to establish the first microarray-based IgE antibody assay. Triplicate spots to over 100 allergenic molecules are immobilized on an amine-activated glass slide to form a single panel multi-allergosorbent assay. Human antibodies, typically of the IgE and IgG isotypes, specific for one or many allergens bind to their respective allergen(s) on the chip. Following removal of unbound serum proteins, bound IgE antibody is detected with a fluorophore-labeled anti-human IgE reagent. The fluorescent profile from the completed slide provides a sensitization profile of an allergic patient which can identify IgE antibodies that bind to structurally similar (cross-reactive) allergen families versus molecules that are unique to a single allergen specificity. Despite its ability to rapidly analyze many IgE antibody specificities in a single simple assay format, the chip-based microarray remains less analytically sensitive and quantitative than its singleplex assay counterpart (ImmunoCAP, Immulite). Microgram per mL quantities of allergen-specific IgG antibody can also complete with nanogram per mL quantities of specific IgE for limited allergen binding sites on the chip. Microarray assays, while not used in clinical immunology laboratories for routine patient IgE antibody testing, will remain an excellent research tool for defining sensitization profiles of populations in epidemiological studies.
Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of N-Benzylpyrrolo[2,3-d]-, -pyrazolo[3,4-d]-, and -triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines: imidazole ring-modified analogs of 9-(2-Fluorobenzyl)-6-(methylamino)-9H-purine (1995)

Analogues of 9-(2-fluorobenzyl)-6-(methylamino)-9H-purine (1) containing isosteric replacements of the imidazole ring atoms were synthesized and tested for anticonvulsant activity. The pyrrolo[2,3-d]-, pyrazolo[3,4-d]-, and triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines were less active than 1 against maximal electroshock-induced seizures (MES) in rats when given po. The differences in anti-MES activity for these analogues was not explained by differences in pKa or lipophilicity. However, the four classes of heterocycles have distinctly different calculated electrostatic isopotential maps, which may be related to optimum anticonvulsant activity.
Noninvasive Prenatal Testing for Wilson Disease by Use of Circulating Single-Molecule Amplification and Resequencing Technology (cSMART) (2014)

We developed a reliable and accurate NIPT assay that correctly diagnosed the fetal genotypes in 4 pregnancies at risk for WD. This novel technology has potential as a universal strategy for NIPT of other monogenic disorders, since it requires only knowledge of the parental pathogenic mutations.
Cooling Structure for Large Capacity H-shaped Core Contactless Power Transformers for Electric Vehicles (2014)

Contactless power transfer systems for charging electric vehicles require a high efficiency, a large air gap, and a good tolerance to lateral misalignment and need to be compact and lightweight. Contactless power transformers have two types of structures: a single-sided transformer with a circular core and a double-sided transformer with a rectangular core. Past studies showed that H-shaped rectangular core transformers are more suitable for vehicles than circular core transformers.However, the cooling of cores located between two magnetic poles is a major challenge for double-sided transformers. In particular, this problem is serious for large capacity transformers such as fast chargers because the loss density is higher than for normal charge transformers. If the radiator interrupts the magnetic flux, not only are eddy current losses created but a coupling is also prevented.This paper proposes a novel cooling structure based on H-shaped core transformers. In the novel structure, radiator metal bars are inserted parallel to the main magnetic flux. As a result, the cooling performance is improved without compromising efficiency.
Hypervalent (<i>tert</i>-Butylperoxy)iodanes Generate Iodine-Centered Radicals at Room Temperature in Solution:  Oxidation and Deprotection of Benzyl and Allyl Ethers, and Evidence for Generation of α-Oxy Carbon Radicals (1996)

1-(tert-Butylperoxy)-1,2-benziodoxol-3(1H)-one (1a) oxidizes benzyl and allyl ethers to the esters at room temperature in benzene or cyclohexane in the presence of alkali metal carbonates. Since this reaction is compatible with other protecting groups such as MOM, THP, and TBDMS ethers, and acetoxy groups, and because esters are readily hydrolyzed under basic conditions, this new method provides a convenient and effective alternative to the usual reductive deprotection. Oxidation with 1a occurs readily with C−H bonds activated by both enthalpic effects (benzylic, allylic, and propargylic C−H bonds) and/or polar effects (α-oxy C−H bonds), generating α-oxy carbon-centered radicals, which can be detected by nitroxyl radical trapping. Measurement of the relative rates of oxidation for a series of ring-substituted benzyl n-butyl ethers 2d and 2p−s indicated that electron-releasing groups such as p-MeO and p-Me groups increase the rate of oxidation, and Hammett correlation of the relative rate factors with the σ+ constants of substituents afforded the reaction constant ρ+ = −0.30. The large value of the isotope effect obtained for the oxidation of benzyl n-butyl ether 2d (kH/kD = 12−14) indicates that the rate-determining step of the reactions probably involves a high degree of benzylic C−H bond breaking. The effects of molecular dioxygen were examined, and the mechanism involving the intermediacy of the tert-butylperoxy acetal 5 and/or the hydroperoxy acetal 32 is proposed. Particularly noteworthy is the finding that (tert-butylperoxy)iodane 1a can generate the tert-butylperoxy radical and the iodine-centered radical 33a, even at room temperature in solution, via homolytic bond cleavage of the hypervalent iodine(III)−peroxy bond.
Modeling of human driver behavior via receding horizon and artificial neural network controllers (2013)

This paper presents a comparison of receding horizon and artificial neural network controllers for the modeling of human driver behavior during coupled lateral-longitudinal maneuvers. Driver models have been previously developed using control theoretic approaches, such as model predictive control, also known as receding horizon control, and have been shown capable of providing satisfactory vehicle control. However, these models tend to outperform human drivers, for example, due to maneuvers that require high-frequency driver compensation, counter-steering behaviors as required to maintain stability, or modeling errors. Furthermore, tuning these driver models to different drivers, automobiles, and road conditions, can be very challenging, and requires expert human intervention. This paper presents an artificial neural network controller that overcomes these limitations, and, by adapting to the experimental data obtained from the human driver, is capable of reproducing the driver behavior more closely and under a broader range of operating conditions. The receding horizon and neural network controllers are tested and compared to the response of a professional human driver on a closed-course track using data obtained using a high-fidelity Ferrari GT driving simulator. The results show that the artificial neural network outperforms the receding horizon controller in mimicking the response of the professional human driver.
Epigenetic inactivation of ST6GAL1 in human bladder cancer (2014)

Our study characterizes for the first time ST6GAL1 expression loss caused by aberrant ST6GAL1 promoter methylation potentially indicating a tumor suppressive role in bladder carcinogenesis.
Diverse Redoxome Reactivity Profiles of Carbon Nucleophiles (2017)

Targeted covalent inhibitors have emerged as a powerful approach in the drug discovery pipeline. Key to this process is the identification of signaling pathways (or receptors) specific to (or overexpressed in) disease cells. In this context, fragment-based ligand discovery (FBLD) has significantly expanded our view of the ligandable proteome and affords tool compounds for biological inquiry. To date, such covalent ligand discovery has almost exclusively employed cysteine-reactive small-molecule fragments. However, functional cysteine residues in proteins are often redox-sensitive and can undergo oxidation in cells. Such reactions are particularly relevant in diseases, like cancer, which are linked to excessive production of reactive oxygen species. Once oxidized, the sulfur atom of cysteine is much less reactive toward electrophilic groups used in the traditional FBLD paradigm. To address this limitation, we recently developed a novel library of diverse carbon-based nucleophile fragments that react selectively with cysteine sulfenic acid formed in proteins via oxidation or hydrolysis reactions. Here, we report analysis of sulfenic acid-reactive C-nucleophile fragments screened against a colon cancer cell proteome. Covalent ligands were identified for >1280 S-sulfenylated cysteines present in "druggable" proteins and orphan targets, revealing disparate reactivity profiles and target preferences. Among the unique ligand-protein interactions identified was that of a pyrrolidinedione nucleophile that reacted preferentially with protein tyrosine phosphatases. Fragment-based covalent ligand discovery with C-nucleophiles affords an expansive snapshot of the ligandable "redoxome" with significant implications for covalent inhibitor pharmacology and also affords new chemical tools to investigate redox-regulation of protein function.
Spectra of stable sonoluminescence (1992)

The continuous emission of picosecond pulses of light has been observed to originate from a bubble trapped at the pressure antinode of a resonant sound field in water and in water/glycerin mixtures. The spectra of this light in several solutions has been measured with a scanning monochrometer/ photomultiplier detector system. The spectra are broadband and show strong emission in the UV region. A comparison of this measurement to two other independently produced spectra in made. The spectra are also modeled by a blackbody radiation distribution to determine an effective blackbody temperature and a size is deduced as if Sonoluminescence were characterized by blackbody radiation.