gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On Magnetization Reversal of Co–Cr Films with Perpendicular Anisotropy (2001)

Based on a simple consideration, we show that the slope of the easy-axis loop for perpendicular magnetization films is dominated by the lateral size of a reversal unit. From the analyses of the slopes of Co–Cr films, we have estimated the lateral size of a reversal unit. The size becomes very large for the films grown and annealed at low temperatures, indicating that there are strong exchange interactions between constituent magnetic grains due to insufficient magnetically induced phase separation. We have also found a close relationship between the coercivity and the lateral size of a reversal unit. All these results are discussed.
Carbon Fibers: Precursor Systems, Processing, Structure, and Properties (2014)

This Review gives an overview of precursor systems, their processing, and the final precursor-dependent structure of carbon fibers (CFs) including new developments in precursor systems for low-cost CFs. The following CF precursor systems are discussed: poly(acrylonitrile)-based copolymers, pitch, cellulose, lignin, poly(ethylene), and new synthetic polymeric precursors for high-end CFs. In addition, structure-property relationships and the different models for describing both the structure and morphology of CFs will be presented.
Sensitive RIA for the Specific Determination of Insulin Lispro (1999)

Insulin lispro is an insulin analog in which the primary sequence has been altered by the inversion of amino acids B28 and B29. To date, it has not been possible to specifically measure insulin lispro in the presence of endogenous insulin because of the high degree of homology between these peptides. However, the specific determination of insulin lispro offers advantages over quantifying total concentrations of immunoreactive insulin. We therefore immunized guinea pigs and screened for antibodies with increased affinity and selectivity for insulin lispro. We prepared a monospecific antiserum by a novel immunoadsorption strategy using despentapeptide insulin. The antiserum was used to develop a competitive RIA for insulin lispro. The RIA has a low limit of quantification (17.2 pmol/L); has no interference from insulin, proinsulin, or C-peptide; and has interassay CVs of 2.6-13.4%. The new RIA is useful for measuring serum concentrations of insulin lispro.
Acceleration and Magnetic Sensor Network for Shape Sensing (2015)

This paper presents a method for real-time shape sensing of thin and flexible materials, such as fabric. A method is based on three-axial acceleration and magnetic sensor nodes that are embedded into the material and can measure local orientation data. A proposed algorithm for global shape reconstruction from local orientation measurements ensures fast computations for shape reconstruction utilizing data from large number of sensors. This provides basis for the development of portable self-contained real-time systems for free form shape sensing with high resolution that has not been demonstrated before. A method is designed for applications in new emerging fields, such as smart textile and flexible electronics, where it can be used to obtain wearers posture or shape of the device. A method can be implemented with off the shelf low-cost electronic components and conventional portable computing devices, such as smartphone. The practical implementation of the system is demonstrated, also assessment of shape reconstruction performance is done by comparison with commercial Kinect v2 sensor. Impact of different error sources is analyzed, and possible improvements of the method are discussed.
Process-induced distortion in silicon wafers (1979)

As the packing density of integrated circuits increases so does the need for increasingly accurate registration between lithographic steps. In-plane wafer distortion between such steps can limit this accuracy depending on the lithographic technique used and on the nature of the distortion. The in-plane distortion of 3-in silicon wafers at different stages of a simulated n-MOS process sequence was measured directly using the Bell Laboratories Electron-Beam Exposure System (EBES). The results indicate that the in-plane wafer distortion was linear (to within the overall EBES reading noise of ± ⅛ µm per axis). The radius of curvature of each wafer was measured independently. The wafer distortion is correlated to the change in curvature induced by the films grown or deposited on the wafer. After these films were removed, the wafers reverted to their original dimensions. Since the wafer diameter is at least two orders of magnitude smaller than the radius of curvature, a linear correction is still a good approximation. Therefore, even though the process-induced changes in vector lengths were as high as 1 µm over 50 mm, the three-point alignment strategy employed by EBES is sufficient to achieve a maximum registration error on the wafers of ¼ µm or less.
Directly photoinscribed refractive index change and Bragg gratings in Ohara WMS-15 glass ceramic (2009)

We inscribed thick volume gratings in WMS-15 glass ceramic by ultraviolet light at 193 and 248 nm. Unlike earlier work in ceramic materials, the inscription process modified the optical properties of the material without the need for any additional chemical or thermal processing. Experimental evidence from measurements of grating growth, thermal annealing, and spectral absorption indicates that two distinct physical mechanisms are responsible for the grating formation. Weak, easily thermally bleached gratings resulted from exposure fluences below 0.3 kJ/cm2. Optical absorption measurements suggest that these low fluence gratings are predominantly absorption gratings. More thermally stable gratings, found to be refractive index gratings with unsaturated refractive index modulation amplitude as large as 6 x 10(-5) were formed at cumulative fluences of 1 kJ/cm2 and above.
Experimental scattershot boson sampling (2015)

Boson sampling is a computational task strongly believed to be hard for classical computers, but efficiently solvable by orchestrated bosonic interference in a specialized quantum computer. Current experimental schemes, however, are still insufficient for a convincing demonstration of the advantage of quantum over classical computation. A new variation of this task, scattershot boson sampling, leads to an exponential increase in speed of the quantum device, using a larger number of photon sources based on parametric down-conversion. This is achieved by having multiple heralded single photons being sent, shot by shot, into different random input ports of the interferometer. We report the first scattershot boson sampling experiments, where six different photon-pair sources are coupled to integrated photonic circuits. We use recently proposed statistical tools to analyze our experimental data, providing strong evidence that our photonic quantum simulator works as expected. This approach represents an important leap toward a convincing experimental demonstration of the quantum computational supremacy.
In Situ Formation of Protective Coatings on Sulfur Cathodes in Lithium Batteries with LiFSI‐Based Organic Electrolytes (2014)

Development of sulfur cathodes with 100% coulombic efficiency (CE) and good cycle stability remains challenging due to the polysulfide dissolution in electrolytes. Here, it is demonstrated that electrochemical reduction of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) based electrolytes at a potential close to the sulfur cathode operation forms in situ protective coating on both cathode and anode surfaces. Quantum chemistry studies suggest the coating formation is initiated by the FSI(‐F) anion radicals generated during electrolyte reduction. Such a reduction additionally results in the formation of LiF. Accelerated cycle stability tests at 60 °C in a very simple electrolyte (LiFSI in dimethoxyethane with no additives) show an average CE approaching 100.0% over 1000 cycles with a capacity decay less than 0.013% per cycle after stabilization. Such a remarkable performance suggests a great promise of both an in situ formation of protective solid electrolyte coatings to avoid unwanted side reactions and the use of a LiFSI salt for this purpose.
Predisposition to sensitive skin and atopic eczema. (2005)

Genes that control the thickness of our skin and its vulnerability to chemicals in the environment play a role in the development of contact dermatitis and atopic eczema. Sensitive skin manifests itself as a burning, stinging or itching sensation following the application of topical products such as soap, bubble baths and cosmetics. The skin may become red and dry after repeated application of these products. New insights into the skin barrier can help us improve treatment of the skin and prevent problems associated with atopic eczema and sensitive skin
Wafer bonding of polycrystalline spinel with LiNbO<inf>3</inf>/LiTaO<inf>3</inf> for temperature compensation of RF surface acoustic wave devices (2012)

This paper proposes use of polycrystalline spinel for the temperature compensation of RF surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices. Spinel can be bonded with LiTaO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (LT) and LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (LN) wafers by using adhesive and direct bonding techniques. A series of RF SAW resonators were fabricated on the LT(LN)/spinel structure, and their performance including the temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) was measured. For comparison, SAW resonators employing Si, sapphire and alumina in place of spinel were also fabricated. The result indicated that the polycrystalline spinel offers TCF improvement better than the other materials.
Privacy-Enhancing Access Control Mechanism in Distributed Online Social Network. (2011)

Dramatic growth in the number of subscribers in Online Social Networks (OSNs), such as Facebook, MySpace, Orkut, etc. shows their increasing popularity among people from different ages and sectors. However, currently, the users need to put complete trust on OSN service providers, to protect their sensitive information because of centralized access control at the providers. Taking advantage of this infrastructure, OSN service providers can expose their subscribers' personal information for targeted advertisements, or anything that is mentioned in the terms of the privacy agreement, including to change the terms. To give complete access control to the users over their data, there must be an alternative infrastructure, which removes dependence on OSN service providers. In order to address this privacy issue, Sonja Buchegger and Anwitaman Datta proposed 2-tier peer-to-peer architecture for social networks, called PeerSoN.The goal of this master's thesis is to evaluate the suitability of eXtensible Markup Language (XACML) for Distributed Online Social Network (DOSN) access control and privacy preservation. To do that, at the beginning, we determine the requirements for access control in DOSN, and present a structure for users' profiles. Due to the wide ranges of requirements, we propose to use rule-based access control for the users in OSN, where the rules are based on both static and dynamic constraints. Secondly, to investigate whether these policies can be expressed in XACML or not, we implement some common authorization policies using SunXACML, an open source implementation of standard XACML version 2.0. Moreover, to enhance privacy, regarding authentication and enforcement, we offer to use secret key based authentication of SAML, and one of the XACML supported web or application servers, such as JBoss Application server, Fedora server, in conjunction with XACML. Finally, we evaluate our architecture against three types of attackers; namely, users from social links, users form outside of social links, and random person, and claim that our mechanism is well protected against different threats, such as unauthorized access, impersonation attacks, identity theft, information leakage via friendship links, etc., specifically, when each user's profile is stored on his own machine.
Placental transfer of (3H)-GM1 and its distribution to maternal and fetal tissues of the rat (1993)

The demonstration that ganglioside GM1 pretreatment reduced the ethanol induced neurobehavioral effects in adult pups exposed to ethanol in utero, prompted study to examine whether GM1 crosses the placenta and penetrates fetal tissues. The present results indicate that 3H-galactose labeled GM1 not only passes the placenta but also served as a substrate for the synthesis of polysialogangliosides, and remained in various tissues up to 48 h after maternal (3H)-GM1 administration.
<title>Intracavity Tip And Tilt Adaptive Control Experiments</title> (1978)

With recent advances in miniature high performance tip and tilt mirror components (see details in another paper presented in this seminar), it is feasible to dynamically compensate for angular misalignment of intracavity optical components. The control system described in this paper seeks to maximize output power. The 2-axis active mirror mount is operated in a spiral scan mode searching for the optimum alignment in 2 dimensions. Data (frame) updating rates of 20 frames per second have been achieved by using a small 2" diameter beryllium mirror driven by a pair of "shaker motors." Extensions of this and similar approaches to different practical applications will be discussed together with preliminary experimental results.
Some regularization problems in ray tracing (1990)

Ray tracers that render CSG models should consider issues of regularization and numerical accuracy. The special case of rays originating on surfaces (shadow probes, reflections, and refractions) present a regular-ization problem that is significant—even in ray tracers which are not explicitly based on the CSG scheme. An analysis of this problem yields a better solution than the epsilon tests incorporated in most ray tracers. 2.
Firewire Untethered: High-Quality Images for Notebook Computers (2000)

Until recently, no solution existed for acquiring high-quality color images in real-time with a regular notebook computer, even though a high-quality color image acquisition system for notebook computers would open the doors for a wide array of portable applications. In particular, such a combination would be ideal for mobile robots that use high-resolution color vision, which is part of our area of research. While a large selection of frame grabbers is available for PCI desktop systems, only a few have been available for PCMCIA notebook systems. Unfortunately, most PCMCIA frame grabbers accept video only in the NTSC format, which allocates much more bandwidth to luminance than color. Consequently, the NTSC signal is adequate for gray-scale image processing, but its color content is too noisy for any reasonable color image processing. In particular, the NTSC encoding allocates very little bandwidth to the blue channel, which is more delicate than the red and green channels to begin with. The source of the problem is that most CCD sensors are least sensitive in the blue spectrum. This problem is further exacerbated indoors, where the illumination is often yellow and contains little power in the blue spectrum. As a consequence, the already noisy blue signal from the CCD sensor is further weakened by NTSC, resulting in a very poor signal-to-noise ratio.
Development of 30 micron Pitch Bump Interconnections for COC-FCBGA (2006)

We developed the flip-chip bonding technology on chip-on-chip (COC) package with ultra-fine pitch bump, which leads advanced high performance devices. On this package, the realization of the metallographic behavior in the micro-bump interconnection is the substantial issue for achieving good bondability and reliability. In this paper, to implement flip-chip BGA package with COC structure (COC-FCBGA), the metal systems of micro-bump and the dimension especially metal plating thickness have been optimized by precise analysis. And it is confirmed that the specification we fixed on this package would meet sufficient quality level for fine pitch bonding. This COC-FCBGA technology will meet demands for high-end system solutions in very near future
Acute phosphate nephropathy (2009)

On the basis of association of APN and OSP, the US Food and Drug Administration issued a boxed warning and manufacturers have ceased production and distribution of some OSP products. As this is a temporary solution, more studies are needed to delineate the pathophysiology of this disease and to better identify the subset of the population at risk for APN.
Osteomyelitis and intraosteoblastic Staphylococcus aureus. (2007)

Chronic osteomyelitis is a disease process that is characterized not infrequently by periods of clinical quiescence interspersed by symptomatic episodes of varying duration and severity. These periods of clinical quiescence have been attributed to several possible factors, including effective host defenses that keep the process at bay as well as glycocalyceal sequestration of the implicated pathogen. Recent work has demonstrated a potential third explanation for this phenomenon, that is, intracellular incorporation of the pathogen within the host osteoblast. This is a report of a successful osteoblast cell culture demonstrating the facultative intraosteoblastic location of a human osteomyelitis Staphylococcus aureus isolate as well as its microscopic features.
Cloning and sequencing of the cyclin-related <i>Cdc13</i> <i>+</i> gene and a cytological study of its role in fission yeast mitosis (1988)

We have cloned and sequenced the cdc13+ gene from fission yeast. When a major part of the cdc13+ gene is deleted from the chromosome, cells arrest in interphase, but partial loss of gene activity leads to cells containing condensed chromosomes, aberrant septa and a microtubular cytoskeleton with characteristics of both G2 and M. Expression of this phenotype is influenced by the nutritional status of the cell. Our results suggest that the cdc13+ gene function is required for the control of the G2 to M transition. It appears to play a role in regulating the separate pathways of events involved in the physical process of mitosis, for example in the reorganization of the cytoskeleton on transition from G2 to mitosis. The cdc13+ gene function interacts closely with both the yeast and human homologues of cdc2+, suggesting that mammalian cells may contain a cdc13+ homologue. The gene encodes a putative polypeptide of 482 amino acids, and a central region of 176 amino acids of this polypeptide is 50% identical with sea urchin cyclin. Therefore, the cdc13+ protein is cyclin related and could act as a regulator or substrate of the p34cdc2 protein kinase, which initiates mitosis.
The delayed immunization of children of migrant farm workers in South Carolina. (1990)

A study was conducted to evaluate the immunization status of migrant farm worker children in South Carolina. Results of this study indicate that the children receive their immunizations at times which are significantly later than the recommended schedule. The first, second, third, and fourth oral poliomyelitis vaccine (OPV) doses are being given approximately 10, 15, 23, and 32 months late, respectively. Diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus vaccine (DPT) is likewise late with the first, second, third, and fourth doses occurring 9, 14, 20, and 26 months late. The fifth booster dose in both series was timed properly. The mumps, measles, rubella vaccine (MMR) is approximately 28 months late, on average. An evaluation of antibody status of 41 migrant farm worker children (5-10 years old) revealed that, even with aberrant patterns of administration, all children had adequate antibody titers. These data indicate that, although adequate levels of protection are reached with the pattern of immunization that migrant farm worker children have, there are large groups of children that are unprotected early in life when they are most susceptible to these diseases.
Vicky Boasts- Bring on the Rain (1948)

A gloomy, drizzling day need not cause a dejected spirit if you follow Vicky's advice. Have fun with your rainy-day apparel. A snappy plaid umbrella and gay accessories can make those April showers look like a maze of refreshing colors.
Whiteboard Content Extraction and Analysis for the Classroom Environment (2008)

We describe whiteboard content capture system from Presentations Automatically Organized from Lectures(PAOL) that captures content within the setting of a classroom environment. The system acquires a sequence of images from high-resolution, fixed view cameras and extracts a series of content-rich key frames. The key frames are derived by analyzing the camera images of the front of the room, selecting images that show the progression of the presented material (writing, projected images), digitally removing the speaker's image, and enhancing the images for greater legibility. These images can be distributed in real time or stored and later synchronized with other content (video, computer capture). The system requires no specialized hardware other than fixed-field-of-view cameras, is transparent to the lecturer, and handles both whiteboard and projected presentations. The system extracts on average approximately 70 key frames from roughly 70000 images captured during a 75-minute presentation and runs at close to real time.
Determination of Reactivities by Molecular Orbital Theory Part IV. Application of IMO Method to some Thermal Diels-Alder Reactions (1972)

The intermolecular orbital theory was applied to the Diels-Alder reaction of naphthalene, phenanthrene and 1,2-benzanthracene with maleic anhydride. The expected positions of thermal addition in the alternant bydrocarbons were in agreement with experiment. It was also possible to explain the relative proportions of two isomeric adducts with the calculated stabilization energies. Comparison of the results with paralocalization energies of Brown gave agood linear correlation.
Preliminary tests of a high efficiency 1-D silicon pixel array for small angle neutron scattering (2007)

A first generation 120 micron pitch pixel array system for neutron detection using the PATARA amplifier chip was assembled and tested. The pixel array was tested for neutron response and spatial resolution. Pulses from the PATARA were observed at 0.5 V in height and 500 ns wide from neutron interactions. The spatial resolution of the array was determined to be 119 micrometers. Leakage current tests and alpha particle irradiation tests were conducted for a second generation prototype silicon sensor with 175 micrometer deep perforated trench structures in each pixel. The second generation sensor incorporates several design improvements to ease fabrication.
Role of Surface Contamination in Titanium PM (2012)

The powder metallurgy (PM) approach is widely used for cost-effective production of titanium alloys and articles. In the PM approach the large specific surface of starting powders heightens the risk of excessive impurity presence and, hence, degradation of final alloy properties. The present study analyzes the opportunity to produce sintered commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) with acceptable impurity content from powder materials. Starting titanium and titanium hydride powders were comparatively examined. The impurity elements (oxygen, chlorine, carbon) and their conditions on the powder particle surface, as well as the surface processes and gases emitted from powders upon heating, have been analyzed by means of surface science techniques. The role of hydrogen emitted from titanium hydride in material purification has been discussed. The opportunity to produce titanium materials with final admissible content of interstitials (O, C, Cl, and H) using starting titanium hydride powder has been demonstrated.
Geometric nonlinear diffusion filter and its application to X-ray imaging (2011)

We expect the proposed denoising filter can be greatly used for fast noise reduction particularly in low-dose x-ray imaging.