gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An On-Chip Differential Inductor and Its Use to RF VCO for 2 GHz Applications (2004)

Phase noise performance and current consumption of Radio Frequency (RF) Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) are largely dependent on the Quality (Q) factor of inductor-capacitor (LC) tank. Because the Q-factor of LC tank is determined by on-chip spiral inductor, we designed, analyzed, and modeled on-chip differential inductor to enhance differential Q-factor, reduce current consumption and save silicon area. The simulated inductance is 3.3nH and Q-factor is 15 at 2 GHz. Self-resonanc frequency is as high as 13GHz. To verify its use to RF applications, we designed 2 GHz differential LC VCO. The measurement result of phase noise is -112dBc/Hz at an offset frequency of 100kHz from a 2 GHz carrier frequency. Tuning range is about 500 MHz (25%), and current consumption varies from 5mA to 8.4 mA using bias control technique. Implemented in 0.35-um SiGe BiCMOS technology, the VCO occupies 400 um x 800um of silicon area.
Cathepsin Cleavage Potentiates the Ebola Virus Glycoprotein To Undergo a Subsequent Fusion-Relevant Conformational Change (2011)

Cellular entry of Ebola virus (EBOV), a deadly hemorrhagic fever virus, is mediated by the viral glycoprotein (GP). The receptor-binding subunit of GP must be cleaved (by endosomal cathepsins) in order for entry and infection to proceed. Cleavage appears to proceed through 50-kDa and 20-kDa intermediates, ultimately generating a key 19-kDa core. How 19-kDa GP is subsequently triggered to bind membranes and induce fusion remains a mystery. Here we show that 50-kDa GP cannot be triggered to bind to liposomes in response to elevated temperature but that 20-kDa and 19-kDa GP can. Importantly, 19-kDa GP can be triggered at temperatures ∼10°C lower than 20-kDa GP, suggesting that it is the most fusion ready form. Triggering by heat (or urea) occurs only at pH 5, not pH 7.5, and involves the fusion loop, as a fusion loop mutant is defective in liposome binding. We further show that mild reduction (preferentially at low pH) triggers 19-kDa GP to bind to liposomes, with the wild-type protein being triggered to a greater extent than the fusion loop mutant. Moreover, mild reduction inactivates pseudovirion infection, suggesting that reduction can also trigger 19-kDa GP on virus particles. Our results support the hypothesis that priming of EBOV GP, specifically to the 19-kDa core, potentiates GP to undergo subsequent fusion-relevant conformational changes. Our findings also indicate that low pH and an additional endosomal factor (possibly reduction or possibly a process mimicked by reduction) act as fusion triggers.
Soluble CD146 is a predictive marker of pejorative evolution and of sunitinib efficacy in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (2018)

The objective of the study was to use CD146 mRNA to predict the evolution of patients with non-metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (M0 ccRCC) towards metastatic disease, and to use soluble CD146 (sCD146) to anticipate relapses on reference treatments by sunitinib or bevacizumab in patients with metastatic ccRCC (M1). <b>Methods</b>: A retrospective cohort of M0 patients was used to determine the prognostic role of intra-tumor CD146 mRNA. Prospective multi-center trials were used to define plasmatic sCD146 as a predictive marker of sunitinib or bevacizumab efficacy for M1 patients. <b>Results</b>: High tumor levels of CD146 mRNA were linked to shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). ccRCC patients from prospective cohorts with plasmatic sCD146 variation <120% following the first cycle of sunitinib treatment had a longer progression-free survival (PFS) and OS. The plasmatic sCD146 variation did not correlate with PFS or OS for the bevacizumab-based treatment. <i>In vitro,</i> resistant cells to sunitinib expressed high levels of CD146 mRNA and protein in comparison to sensitive cells. Moreover, recombinant CD146 protected cells from the sunitinib-dependent decrease of cell viability. <b>Conclusion</b>: CD146/sCD146 produced by tumor cells is a relevant biological marker of ccRCC aggressiveness and relapse on sunitinib treatment.
SIRT1 expression is refractory to hypoxia and inflammatory cytokines in nucleus pulposus cells: Novel regulation by HIF‐1α and NF‐κB signaling (2016)

Hypoxia and a marked increase in inflammatory cytokines are common hallmarks of intervertebral disc degeneration; these events disrupt the normal balance between extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and synthesis in degenerative intervertebral discs. SIRT1, one of the NAD+-dependent class III histone deacetylases, controls cellular processes and is regulated by hypoxia and inflammatory cytokines in a cell-type-dependent manner. SIRT1 protects degenerative human nucleus pulposus cells against apoptosis. However, the role of SIRT1 in inflammation in intervertebral discs is still unclear. The current study showed that in rat NP cells, as in other cells, SIRT1 suppressed the induction of the mRNA expression of proteases that degrade ECM induced by TNF-α. Moreover, real-time PCR, transfection, and loss- and gain-of-function experiments revealed that SIRT1 mRNA and protein expression were refractory to hypoxia and HIF-1α. Additionally, SIRT1 mRNA and protein expression and the activity of the SIRT1 promoter were not affected by inflammatory cytokines but were sustained by NF-κB signaling in the presence or absence of TNF-α. In summary, the present study suggested that SIRT1 is not affected by hypoxia and inflammatory cytokines in rat intervertebral discs. Moreover, not HIF-1α but NF-κB signaling is critical for the maintenance of SIRT1 expression in NP cells under physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions.
Currents, surface potentials, and defect generation in 1.2-1.5 nm oxide MOSFETs (2002)

Oxide insulator thickness and its ability to control the carrier flow along a surface channel with low power dissipation and high endurance is central to the scaling of the MOSFET to sub-50 nm dimensions. This paper summarizes results on transport and electrostatics at the few monolayer limit for silicon dioxide.
Preservation of brain temperature during ischemia in rats. (1990)

Our objectives were to study the loss of heat from ischemic brain and to devise a method of maintaining brain temperature. Reversible forebrain ischemia was induced by carotid clamping and exsanguination in 30 anesthetized and artificially ventilated rats. Rectal, skull, and brain temperatures were measured, confirming previous findings that brain temperature falls by 4-5 degrees C during 15 minutes of ischemia unless measures are taken to maintain head temperature by external heating. Temperature gradients developed within the ischemic brain, superficial tissues being cooler than deep ones. These temperature gradients were reversed when skull temperature was maintained at core body (rectal) temperature by external heating. With rectal and skull temperatures maintained at 38 degrees, 37 degrees, 35 degrees, or 33 degrees C, brain temperatures nonetheless decreased by approximately 1 degree C during ischemia. This decrease in brain temperature could be prevented by placing the rat in a Plexiglas box with circulating air at temperatures close to that of the body core and a relative humidity of approximately 100%. We also found that, unless special precautions are taken, a temperature gradient develops between the brain and body core during recirculation.
Synthesis of polymer particles with specific binding sites for lysozyme by a molecular imprinting technique and its application to a quartz crystal microbalance sensor. (2000)

特定のタンパク質を認識捕そくし,穏和な刺激によりそのタンパク質を放出する分離担体を開発するために,分子インプリンティング法を応用してリゾチームに対して認識能を持つ高分子微粒子の合成を水溶液中で行った。アクリル酸,アクリルアミドからなるリゾチームの鋳型を有する高分子微粒子は,アクリル酸含有量が特定量のとき,リゾチームの鋳型を持たない高分子微粒子に比べ,リゾチームを選択的に認識することができた。また,鋳型を有する高分子微粒子へのリゾチーム吸着,脱着を数回繰り返しても,その認識は変化しなかった。鋳型高分子の利用例として,水晶振動子法を用いたセンサーの試作を行った。リゾチームの鋳型を有する高分子を表面に持つ水晶振動子をセルにセットし,リゾチーム水溶液を一定量ずつ滴下したところ,良好な感度と応答性を示し,センサー膜として十分利用できることが分かった。
Protein kinase C‐delta is commonly expressed in multiple myeloma cells and its downregulation by rottlerin causes apoptosis (2003)

The growth and proliferation of multiple myeloma (MM) cells are influenced by various cytokines produced by bone marrow stromal cells. As cytokine interaction between malignant plasma cells and neighbouring stromal cells is important in the pathogenesis of MM, the understanding of intracellular signalling events elicited by this interaction is of central importance. Recent reports have shown that protein kinase C (PKC) is directly involved in modulating apoptosis in different cells types, including those of haematopoietic neoplasms. In the present study, we analysed the expression patterns of PKC isoforms in the myeloma cell lines U266, RPMI-8226 and K620. This analysis demonstrated common expression of PKC-delta, PKC-iota, PKC- micro and PKC-zeta in all three myeloma cell lines. PKC-delta expression in plasma cells from 11 patients with MM was also shown by immunohistochemistry, utilizing a monoclonal mouse anti-human PKC-delta antibody. U266 cells treated with the broad PKC inhibitor safingol (l-threo-dihydrosphingosine) or the PKC-delta-specific inhibitor rottlerin (3'-[(8-Cinnamoyl-5,7-dihydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-1-benzopyran-6-yl)methyl]-2',4',6'-trihydroxy-5'-methylacetophenone) showed decreased PKC-delta in the particulate fraction and resulted in significant apoptosis. Primary myeloma cells also showed apoptosis after treatment with the PKC inhibitors, as detected by both flow cytometric and morphological evaluation. Our results indicate that PKC-delta is commonly expressed in myeloma cells and plays an important role in plasma cell survival.
Bedside Formulas for K ± t/V A Kinder, Gentler Approach to Urea Kinetic Modeling (1989)

Based on an empiric analysis of urea kinetic modeling equations, three formulas were derived for use at the bedside: (F1) Ob.t = 14.W.(K.t/V); (F2) target R = e-K.t/V + 0.03 + UF/W; (F3) K.t/V = -In (R - 0.03 - UF/W); where Qb = blood flow (ml/min); t = session length (h); R = post/pre BUN; UF = ultrafiltrate volume (L/session); and W = postdialysis weight (kg). When a particular K.t/V is desired, F1 is used to estimate Qb for a given W and t. Qb, t, and/or dialyzer type are then adjusted until R = target R calculated by F2 (based on target K.t/V, UF, and W). F3 estimates delivered K.t/V from R, UF, and W. These formulas were validated against 336 conventional 3-point modeling sessions in 256 patients. The multiplier "14" in F1 actually averaged 12.5 +/- 2.8, the large standard deviation suggesting that use of F1 would often result in K.t/V values substantially above or below the target K.t/V. The main causes of error were unusual V/W or K/Qb. On the other hand, F2 and F3 were highly accurate: target R estimated by F2 predicted actual R (at a given K.t/V, UF, and W) very well (% error = 0.65 +/- 2.3); K.t/V estimated by F3 predicted actual K.t/V (% error = 0.74 +/- 2.7). The results suggest that attainment of a target R (F2) will ensure that the target K.t/V is being delivered; F3 is useful to estimate K.t/V.F1 is an initial estimate only of the dialysis Rx; it must be followed by adjustment of t, Qb, or dialyzer until target R (from F2) is attained.
Domestication of Crustaceans (1988)

At least 60 species of crustaceans are farmed experimentally or commercially, mostly in the tropics and subtropics where species maturation times are shorter than in temper­ate climates. Over 50 species are kept by aquarists, and several, especially Artemis spp., are widely used as live foods for rearing fish and aquatic invertebrates. However, there has been far less application of genetics in crustacean farming than in finfish and mollusc farming, and very few crustaceans can be regarded as domesticated. The exceptions are a few disease-resistant and selectively-bred strains of farmed penaeid shrimps, color variants of some freshwater crayfish, and selected strains of Artemia franciscana. This is likely to change, but efforts to domesticate crustacean species are often hampered by the technical challenges of closing complex life cycles and coping with aggressive behavior in captivity. This applies particularly to marine species such as lobsters and crabs. The development of domesticated breeds can contribute to making crustacean farming more productive, more profitable and, when feasible, less environmentally damaging. New breeding goals are being set for farmed penaeid shrimps, e.g. faster growth, disease resistance and tolerance to environmental stress. It may also be preferable to breed in captivity some species of crustaceans for the aquarium trade, rather than exploiting wild populations. Realizing all these possibilities will require a major research effort.
Phonon scattering effects on thermal conductivity of TiNiSn-based half-Heusler alloys (2008)

TiNiSn-based half-Heusler alloys have been of significant interest for their potential as thermoelectric materials, which arises from their promising electronic transport properties. They exhibit high Seebeck coefficients and moderate electrical resistivity values but have comparatively high lattice thermal conductivities (κ
Tyrosine Kinases Are Required for Interferon- -Stimulated Proliferation of Trypanosoma brucei brucei (1997)

The tyrosine kinase activity of Trypanosoma brucei brucei upon stimulation with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was investigated. IFN-gamma induced a rapid and strong increase of tyrosine phosphorylation of several cellular proteins that reached maximum after 5 min and was followed by a decrease to control levels after 120 min. The tyrosine kinase-specific inhibitor tyrphostin A47 at a concentration of 10(-6) M reduced IFN-gamma-induced protein phosphorylation. In vitro application of 10(-6) M tyrphostin A47 to the trypanosome cultures caused a significant reduction of [3H]thymidine uptake by IFN-gamma-stimulated trypanosomes. In animals, 2 x 0.5 mg of tyrphostin A47 (injected intraperitoneally) caused a significant reduction of parasite growth compared with the vehicle dimethyl sulfoxide or the inactive compound tyrphostin A1. In conclusion, tyrosine kinases are strongly up-regulated in IFN-gamma-stimulated T. b. brucei, and specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors can prevent trypanosome growth in vitro and in vivo.
Smac-Mimetic–Induced Epithelial Cell Death Reduces the Growth of Renal Cysts (2013)

Past efforts to pharmacologically disrupt the development and growth of renal cystic lesions focused primarily on normalizing the activity of a specific signaling molecule, but the effects of stimulating apoptosis in the proliferating epithelial cells have not been well studied. Although benign, ADPKD renal cysts created by the sustained proliferation of epithelial cells resemble tumors, and malignant cell death can be achieved by cotreatment with TNF-α and a mimetic of second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (Smac). Notably, TNF-α accumulates to high levels in ADPKD cyst fluid. Here, we report that an Smac-mimetic selectively induces TNF-α-dependent cystic renal epithelial cell death, leading to the removal of cystic epithelial cells from renal tissues and delaying cyst formation. In vitro, a Smac-mimetic (GT13072) induced the degradation of cIAP1 that is required but not sufficient for cell death. Cotreatment with TNF-α augmented the formation and activation of the RIPK1-dependent death complex and the degradation and cleavage of FLIP, an inhibitor of caspase-8, in renal cystic epithelial cells. This approach produced death specifically in Pkd1 mutant epithelial cells, with no effect on normal renal epithelial cells. Moreover, treatment with the Smac-mimetic slowed cyst and kidney enlargement and preserved renal function in two genetic strains of mice with Pkd1 mutations. Thus, our mechanistic data characterize an apoptotic pathway, activated by the selective synergy of an Smac-mimetic and TNF-α in renal cyst fluid, that attenuates cyst development, providing an innovative translational platform for the rational development of novel therapeutics for ADPKD.
Extended EMF observer for wide speed range sensorless control of salient-pole synchronous motor drives (2010)

This paper presents an observer-based position sensorless control method with signal injection. An extended electromotive force (EEMF) observer is suitable for salient-pole synchronous motors, because position information of EMF and saliency are both included. Signal injection is needed to make use of the position information of saliency at low speed. However, observer consists of a low-pass filter. Therefore, position information of saliency has not been used enough for the EEMF observer. In this paper, signal injection method without torque ripple is applied to make effective use of the EEMF observer at low speed. The signal frequency can be selected in a bandwidth of the observer. Then, position estimation method based on heterodyne detection with the filter of the EEMF observer is proposed. The proposed technique makes it possible to expand the operating range of the EEMF observer to lower speed. The validity of the proposed control is confirmed by experiments.
Use of Ceralure and Trimedlure in Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Mass-Trapping Tests (1994)

Ceralure, a new potent and persistent attractant for the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), was evaluated in a new technique which serves as an alternative to aerial application of male annihilation bait-sprays for eradication. Residual ceralure and trimedlure contents, release rates, and medfly captures using panels coated with ceralure and trimedlure in stickem were evaluated for effective attraction of male medflies. The lure/stickem coated panels may be more effective than the Jackson trap baited with the “standard” trimedlure plug dispenser.
NONLINEAR OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF PERIODIC LAMINAR STRUCTURES (1970)

Some novel phase-matching schemes are suggested for nonlinear processes occurring in a composite layered structure of GaP and GaAs.
The reactive modification of polyethylene. I: The effect of low initiator concentrations on molecular properties (1993)

Abstract Commercial samples of high density, linear low density, and low density polyethylene were modified by injection of low concentrations of free radical initiator during extrusion. Molecular properties monitored included molecular weight distribution, degree of unsaturation, and branching. When the polyethylene teed to this reactive extrusion process had similar values of M w , but varying polydispersity, degree of branching and degree of unsaturation, the magnitude of the change in molecular weight distribution was found to be in the following order: HDPE 1 > LDPE2 > LLDPE. In general, terminal vinyls enhanced molecular weight increase, and branching promoted degradation. However, for a second high density polyethylene sample with M w = 154,000 (rather than the previous sample's M w of 85,600), the change in molecular weight distribution was small and located at the lower molecular weight end. This work provided data for the kinetic model development detailed in Part II.
Advanced optical daylighting systems: light shelves and light pipes (1996)

We present two perimeter daylighting systems that passively redirect beam sunlight further from the window wall using special optical films, an optimized geometry, and a small glazing aperture. The objectives of these systems are (1) to increase daylight illuminance levels at 4.6-9.1 m (15-30 ft) from the window aperture with minimum solar heat gains and (2) to improve the uniformity of the daylighting luminance gradient across the room under variable solar conditions throughout the year. The designs were developed through a series of computer-assisted ray-tracing studies, laser visualization techniques, and photometric measurements and observations using physical scale models. Bi-directional illuminance measurements in combination with analytical routines were then used to simulate daylight performance for any solar position, and were incorporated into the DOE-2.1E building energy analysis computer program to evaluate energy savings. Results show increased daylight levels and an improved luminance gradient throughout the year compared to conventional daylighting systems.
A New Arbiter PUF for Enhancing Unpredictability on FPGA (2015)

In general, conventional Arbiter-based Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) generate responses with low unpredictability. The N-XOR Arbiter PUF, proposed in 2007, is a well-known technique for improving this unpredictability. In this paper, we propose a novel design for Arbiter PUF, called Double Arbiter PUF, to enhance the unpredictability on field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and we compare our design to conventional N-XOR Arbiter PUFs. One metric for judging the unpredictability of responses is to measure their tolerance to machine-learning attacks. Although our previous work showed the superiority of Double Arbiter PUFs regarding unpredictability, its details were not clarified. We evaluate the dependency on the number of training samples for machine learning, and we discuss the reason why Double Arbiter PUFs are more tolerant than the N-XOR Arbiter PUFs by evaluating intrachip variation. Further, the conventional Arbiter PUFs and proposed Double Arbiter PUFs are evaluated according to other metrics, namely, their uniqueness, randomness, and steadiness. We demonstrate that 3-1 Double Arbiter PUF archives the best performance overall.
A Monocular Pointing Pose Estimator for Gestural Instruction of a Mobile Robot (2007)

We present an important aspect of our human-robot communication interface which is being developed in the context of our long-term research framework PERSES dealing with highly interactive mobile companion robots. Based on a multi-modal people detection and tracking system, we present a hierarchical neural architecture that estimates a target point at the floor indicated by a pointing pose, thus enabling a user to navigate a mobile robot to a specific target position in his local surroundings by means of pointing. In this context, we were especially interested in determining whether it is possible to accomplish such a target point estimator using only monocular images of low-cost cameras. The estimator has been implemented and experimentally investigated on our mobile robotic assistant HOROS. Although only monocular image data of relatively poor quality were utilized, the estimator accomplishes a good estimation performance, achieving an accuracy better than that of a human viewer on the same data. The achieved recognition results demonstrate that it is in fact possible to realize a user-independent pointing direction estimation using monocular images only, but further efforts are necessary to improve the robustness of this approach for everyday application.
MarC-V: A Spreadsheet-Based Tool for Analysis, Normalization, and Visualization of Single cDNA Microarray Experiments (2002)

The comprehensive analysis and visualization of data extracted from cDNA microarrays can be a time-consuming and error-prone process that becomes increasingly tedious with increased number of gene elements on a particular microarray. With the increasingly large number of gene elements on today's microarrays, analysis tools must be developed to meet this challenge. Here, we present MarC-V, a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet tool with Visual Basic macros to automate much of the visualization and calculation involved in the analysis process while providing the familiarity and flexibility of Excel. Automated features of this tool include (i) lower-bound thresholding, (ii) data normalization, (iii) generation of ratio frequency distribution plots, (iv) generation of scatter plots color-coded by expression level, (v) ratio scoring based on intensity measurements, (vi) filtering of data based on expression level or specific gene interests, and (vii) exporting data for subsequent multi-array analysis. MarC-V also has an importing function included for GenePix results (GPR) raw data files.