gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of IVIG Prophylaxis Against Antibody Mediated Rejection in Sensitized Renal Transplant Recipients. (2014)

Intro: With increasing transplantation of highly sensitized patients, we explored methods to decrease the incidence of antibody mediated rejection (AMR) in these high risk patients. Renal transplantation in highly sensitized patients is associated with as increased rate of rejection and poorer graft survival compared to unsensitized patients. In 2010, our center implemented IVIG prophylaxis against AMR in renal transplant recipients using 0.5gm/kg IVIG monthly for 4 doses. Initially, recipients with cPRA>80% received IVIG, which was revised in 2013 to cPRA>50 due to the positive impact of IVIG. We followed cross-match compatible, sensitized patients cPRA>50% for development of donor specific antibody (DSA), biopsy proven rejection, viral infections, neutropenia, graft loss, and death. Steroid-free immunosuppression (tacrolimus and mycophenolate) with Induction Thymoglobulin® and 2 doses of methylprednisolone was used unless patients developed rejection or new DSA. Minimum followup is 6 months. Results: IVIG prophylaxis significantly decreased the rate of AMR from 35% (15/43) to 9% (3/33) p=0.019 in treated vs. untreated recipients. Untreated patients include cPRA>50% 2006-2010 and cPRA 50-79% 2010-2013. In treated vs. untreated recipients, one year graft survival was 94% vs 91%. New DSAs decreased from 35% (15/43) to 21% (7/33). Patients with cPRA 50%-79% accounted for significant numbers of total positive DSAs (41%) and AMR (50%). IVIG prophylaxis was associated with a higher incidence of BK viremia (24% v 19%) and neutropenia (36% v 23%), but not CMV viremia (18% v 16%).Table: No Caption available.Data expressed as n(%) except N and Mean cPRA. Graft Loss defined as within 1yr. Conclusions: 1) In sensitized renal transplant recipients (cPRA>50%), 4 monthly doses of IVIG was effective as prophylaxis against AMR over more than 1 year post-transplantation. 2) IVIG prophylaxis also appears to decrease the incidence of new DSAs. 3) IVIG prophylaxis did not impact the incidence of ACR.
a Large Area Experiment to Determine Cosmic Ray Isotopic Abundances (1983)

Measurements of the isotopic composition of cosmic rays have shown that the cosmic ray isotope ratios, Ne-22/Ne-20 and (Mg-25 + Mg-26)/Mg-24, exceed the solar abundance ratios by factors of 2.7 and 1.8, respectively. There are several processes which could be responsible for the observed excess of neutron-rich isotopes. The considered models imply neutron enrichment in the case of other, less abundant species, and a measurement of the involved isotopic abundances could provide a basis for the determination of the dominating processes occurring in cosmic ray sources. However, an experiment utilizing special equipment is necessary to conduct the required measurements. Such an experiment, the Aluminum Isotopic Composition Experiment (Alice), is being designed in a joint effort involving NASA and a West German university. Alice uses a Cherenkov-range technique to determine the isotopic composition of elements from oxygen through argon.
Achieving scalable performance in large-scale IEEE 802.11 wireless networks (2005)

In large-scale wireless networks, interference among nodes limits channel spatial re-use and is a main hurdle for scalable performance. There are two types of interference: (1) physical interference due to the receiver's inability to decode a signal when the power received from other signals is large; (2) protocol interference imposed by the specific multi-access protocol being used. The paper models both interference types in terms of a set of inequality constraints for the IEEE 802.11 CSMA/CA protocol. Based on the inequalities, we investigate the impact of some parameters (basic-rate, data-rate, and physical-preamble-rate) on channel spatial re-use. Regardless of the parameter settings, the total capacity in an 802.11 network reaches a ceiling as the number of nodes, n, increases. We identify the fundamental causes for the non-scalable performance, and show that 802.11 can be made to be scalable with a simple modification, achieving O(n) throughput without adaptive power control. We believe that this is the first paper to demonstrate this.
Voluem 23, Number 2, June 2003 OLAC Newsletter (2003)

Digitized June 2003 issue of the OLAC Newsletter.
A 700-MHz switched-capacitor analog waveform sampling circuit (1994)

Analog switched-capacitor memory circuits are suitable for use in a wide range of applications where analog waveforms must be captured or delayed, such as the recording of pulse echo events and pulse shapes. Analog sampling systems based on switched-capacitor techniques offer performance superior to that of flash A/D converters and charge-coupled devices with respect to cost, density, dynamic range, sampling speed, and power consumption. This paper proposes an architecture with which sampling frequencies of several hundred megahertz can be achieved using conventional CMOS technology. Issues concerning the design and implementation of an analog memory circuit based on the proposed architecture are presented. An experimental two-channel memory with 32 sampling cells in each channel has been integrated in a 2-/spl mu/m CMOS technology with poly-to-poly capacitors. The measured nonlinearity of this prototype is 0.03% for a 2.5 V input range, and the memory cell gain matching is 0.01% rms. The dynamic range of the memory exceeds 12 b for a sampling frequency of 700 MHz. The power dissipation for one channel operated from a single +5 V supply is 2 mW.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The role of stem cells in tumor targeting and growth suppression of gliomas (2011)

Glioma remains the most challenging solid organ tumor to treat successfully. Based on the capacity of stem cells to migrate extensively and target invading glioma cells, the transplantation of stem cells as a cell-based delivery system may provide additional tools for the treatment of gliomas. In addition to the use of modified stem cells for the delivery of therapeutic agents, unmodified stem cells have been shown to have growth-suppressing effects on tumors in vitro and in vivo. This review outlines the probable factors involved in tumor tropism and tumor growth suppression, with a specific focus on the use of unmodified stem cells in the treatment of gliomas. Based on these and further future data, clinical trials may be justified.
The regulation of veratridine‐stimulated electrogenic ion transport in mouse colon by neuropeptide Y (NPY), Y<sub>1</sub> and Y<sub>2</sub> receptors (2005)

1 Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a prominent enteric neuropeptide with prolonged antisecretory effects in mammalian intestine. Veratridine depolarises neurons consequently causing epithelial anion secretion across mouse colon mucosa. Our aim was to characterise functionally, veratridine-stimulated mucosal responses and to determine the roles for NPY, Y(1), and Y(2) receptors in modulating these neurogenic effects. 2 Colon mucosae (with intact submucous innervation) from wild-type mice (+/+) and knockouts lacking either NPY (NPY-/-), Y(1)-/- or Y(2)-/- were placed in Ussing chambers and voltage clamped at 0 mV. Veratridine-stimulated short-circuit current (I(sc)) responses in +/+, Y(1) or Y(2) antagonist pretreated +/+ colon, Y(1)-/- and NPY-/- colon were insensitive to cholinergic blockade by atropine (At; 1 microM) and hexamethonium (Hex; 10 microM). Tetrodotoxin (TTX, 100 nM) abolished veratridine responses, but had no effect upon carbachol (CCh) or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-induced secretory responses. 3 To establish the functional roles for Y(1) and Y(2) receptors, +/+ tissues were pretreated with either the Y(1) or Y(2) receptor antagonist (BIBO3304 (300 nM) or BIIE0246 (1 microM), respectively) and veratridine responses were compared with those from Y(1)-/- or Y(2)-/- colon. Neither BIBO3304 nor Y(1)-/- altered veratridine-induced secretion, but Y(1) agonist responses were abolished in both preparations. In contrast, the Y(2) antagonist BIIE0246 significantly amplified veratridine responses in +/+ mucosa. Unexpectedly, NPY-/- colon exhibited significantly attenuated veratridine responses (between 1 and 5 min). 4 We demonstrate that electrogenic veratridine responses in mouse colon are noncholinergic and that NPY can act directly upon epithelia, a Y(1) receptor effect. The enhanced veratridine response observed in +/+ tissue following BIIE0246, indicates that Y(2) receptors are located on submucosal neurons and that their activation by NPY will inhibit enteric noncholinergic secretory neurotransmission. 5 We also demonstrate Y(1) and Y(2) receptor-mediated antisecretory tone in +/+ colon and show selective loss of each in Y(1) and Y(2) null colon respectively. In NPY-/- tissue, only Y(1)-mediated tone was present, this presumably being mediated by endogenous endocrine peptide YY. Y(2) tone was absent from NPY-/- (and Y(2)-/-) colon and we conclude that NPY activation of neuronal Y(2) receptors attenuates secretory neurotransmission thereby providing an absorptive electrolyte tone in isolated colon.
Health, Life, and Automobile Insurance Characteristics in Adults With IDDM (1991)

These results suggest that access to insurance is severely compromised for people with IDDM. Although most of those with IDDM are able to find some form of insurance, it is evident that on average they must go to extra lengths to find it. These data and a changing insurance environment emphasize the need to reexamine, as a society, the importance of insurance for people with chronic disease, particularly IDDM.
Use of bismannose photolabel to elucidate insulin-regulated GLUT4 subcellular trafficking kinetics in rat adipose cells. Evidence that exocytosis is a critical site of hormone action. (1993)

The subcellular trafficking of tracer-tagged GLUT4 between the plasma membranes and low-density microsomes of rat adipose cells has been studied. Cell-surface GLUT4 have been initially tracer-tagged in the insulin-stimulated state with the [3H]bismanose photolabel 2-N-4-(1-azi-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)benzoyl-1,3-bis-(D-mannos- 4-yloxy)-2- propylamine. The half-time for internalization of tracer-tagged GLUT4 when insulin is removed by collagenase treatment is similar to that observed for the decrease in immunodetectable GLUT4 in the plasma membranes and the decrease in glucose transport activity in the intact cells. In contrast, internalization of tracer-tagged GLUT4 also occurs when cells are maintained in the continuous presence of insulin even though the plasma membrane level of immunodetectable GLUT4 and glucose transport activity in the intact cells are unaltered. These data show, for the first time, that insulin has little, if any, effect on the rate constant for GLUT4 endocytosis, but instead, primarily increases the rate constant for exocytosis. Tracer-tagged GLUT4 that is returned to the low-density microsomes can be restimulated with fresh insulin to recycle to the plasma membranes and to a steady-state distribution level that is the same as that observed in cells that are maintained in the continuous presence of insulin. These data suggest that the cells' entire complement of GLUT4 is involved in the recycling process. Following insulin stimulation of adipose cells initially in the basal state, the increase in immunodetectable GLUT4 in the plasma membranes precedes the increase in accessibility of GLUT4 to exofacial 2-N-4-(1-azi-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)benzoyl-1,3-bis(D-mannos-4 -yloxy)-2- propylamine photolabeling, and this in turn precedes the increase in cellular glucose transport activity. Such time course data suggest that there may be plasma membrane intermediate states in the GLUT4 trafficking pathway. The kinetic properties of GLUT4 translocation and its recycling have been interpreted in terms of a subcellular trafficking model that identifies exocytosis, possibly involving-hypothetical "docking" and "fusion" steps, as the critical site of hormone action.
Quantification of human intestinal gene expression profiles using exfoliated colonocytes: a pilot study (2003)

Early detection of colon cancer can result in a high cure rate; therefore, an accurate screening method is imperative. Adoption of non-invasive testing designed to reduce anxiety over colorectal cancer screening and improve early detection is highly desirable. Therefore, we have developed a novel non-invasive methodology utilizing exfoliated colonocytes in order to quantify colonic messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Previously we have demonstrated in the rat that intact eukaryotic mRNA can be isolated due to the presence of exfoliated colonocytes in the faecal stream. To assess use of this methodology in humans, this pilot study evaluated exfoliated colonocyte mRNA expression of 11 putative biomarkers using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in seven normal subjects, four subjects with inflammation, and 10 tumour-bearing subjects presenting for colonoscopy. Expression of the biomarkers was evaluated following normalization to TATA box binding protein mRNA levels. Tumour-bearing subjects diagnosed with adenoma had elevated levels of cyclin Dl (p = 0.041). In addition, subjects displaying inflammation of the colon exhibited higher mRNA levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (p = 0.007). These data suggest that mRNA isolated from exfoliated colonocytes could be used to detect early stages of colon cancer, and possibly chronic inflammation. To broaden the utility of non-invasive marker analysis, additional studies are needed to generate a multi-target assay panel of diagnostic markers. This will allow for the development of robust classifiers that can determine critical gene sets for the diagnosis and prediction of colon cancer in animal models and humans.
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in the male genitourinary tract: concentration and motor effect. (1981)

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) has previously been shown in nerves of the male and female genitourinary tract, appearing to innervate vascular and nonvascular smooth and epithelial cells. In the present study the concentration of VIP in tissue extracts of different parts of the male genitourinary tract from cat and man was determined by radioimmunoassay. In addition, the effect of VIP on the contractility of the smooth muscle from the cat genitourinary tract was investigated in vitro. The tissue concentrations of VIP were generally higher in cat than in man. In both species high concentrations were found in the vas deferens, bladder, urethra and prostate, In concentration from 3 x 10(-8) to 6 x 10(-7) mol x 1-1, VIP inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner the muscle contractions in specimens from all regions examined, i.e., the vas deferens, ureter, corpus of the bladder, and urethra. The data indicate that VIP might play a physiologic role in the local nervous control of the smooth muscle activity in the male genitourinary tract.
An Acquisition Sensor For Optical Communications In Space (1989)

In the frame of Silex project, a prototype model of the Acquisition Sensor (AS) was realized by Officine Galileo; scope of this sensor is to detect the optical signal transmitted by another terminal (either on-ground or on-satellite), and to measure the two-axes position of the incident spot beam. The optical system for focusing the beam on the detector is not part of the AS itself. The sensor is split into two units: a Detection Unit (DU), containing the CCD detector and the proximity electronic, and the Electronic Unit (EU) containing the processing electronic that drives the DU and evaluates the coordinates of the spot focused on the detector. The first unit was a flight-oriented realization; an accurate positioning procedure for the detector (few micrometers of error) was developed. The capability of the sensor to operate with minimum arrangements in the wide range of conditions imposed by the different links GEO-GEO and LEO-GEO is investigated. The most critical aspect, the choice of the detection threshold at varying of input signal power, background noise and operating frequency, is well explained. Finally, results of preliminary tests are reported.
Use of monoclonal antibodies in an enzyme immunoassay for rapid identification of group B Streptococcus types II and III (1980)

Streptococci belonging to Lancefield group B are frequently recognized as the etiological agents of sepsis and meningitis in young children. Current methods of identifying these organisms have not been universally accepted because of the time and complexity in performing the studies and a lack of reference antisera. We have developed hybrid myeloma (hybridoma) cell lines which secrete large amounts of antibody against types II and III group B streptococci. Antibodies harvested from supernatants react only with the bacterial strain that was used initially to immunize the animals. We have used the hybridoma antibodies in an enzyme immunoassay and have shown it to be a sensitive and reliable technique for typing group B streptococci. The use of hybridoma antibodies in the enzyme immunoassay may permit early detection of group B streptococcal antigen before cultures are visibly positive.
Enhanced High Speed SE Imaging in a VPSEM Using a Frisch Grid (2006)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Haptogram: Aerial display of 3D vibrotactile sensation (2014)

We introduce Haptogram, a system designed to provide a 3D tactile feedback by employing acoustic radiation pressure; similar to a hologram providing a 3D visual display. Haptogram system is made up of a two-dimensional array of ultrasonic transducers to project discrete points of tactile feedback moved in three orthogonal directions to create a 3D tactile experience. A mathematical model describing the Haptogram system is presented. A simulation experiment is conducted by constructing a 3D tactile hemisphere to showcase the proposed system. Simulation results are encouraging and good enough to implement the Haptogram system in our immediate future work.
Lumbar transplants of immortalized serotonergic neurons alleviate chronic neuropathic pain (1997)

The RN46A cell line was derived from embryonic day 13 rat medullary raphe cells by infection with a retrovirus encoding the temperature-sensitive mutant of SV40 large T antigen. This cell line is neuronally restricted and constitutively differentiates following a shift to non-permissive temperature. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) induced the serotonergic phenotype and increased the survival of RN46A cells in vitro. After transfection of the rat BDNF gene into RN46A cells, an autocrine BDNF-secreting cell line, 46A-B14, was isolated and transplanted into the rat CNS. Transplanted 46A-B14 cells had increased survival and enhanced serotonin (5HT) synthesis compared to 46A-V1 cells, RN46A cells transfected with vector-alone. When 46A-B14 cells were transplanted in the lumbar subarachnoid space of the spinal cord 1 week after a chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve, they survived longer than 6 weeks on the pia mater. Furthermore, the tactile and cold allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia induced by CCI was significantly reduced during a 4-6- week period. The maximal effect occurred 1 week after transplantation. 46A-V1 cells, transplanted after CCI, did not survive beyond 2-3 weeks and had no effect on the allodynia and hyperalgesia induced by CCI. Acute intrathecal injection of the 5HT receptor antagonist methysergide decreased the antinociceptive effects of the 46A-B14 cells to pre-transplant levels. These data suggest that a chronically applied, low local dose of serotonin near the dorsal horn was able to reverse the development of chronic neuropathic pain following CCI. The use of neural cell lines that are able to deliver inhibitory neurotransmitters such as serotonin, in a model of chronic pain offers a novel approach to pain management.
Negative Ion Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Detection of Glutathione Conjugates (2005)

Characterization of S-linked conjugates of the endogenous tripeptide glutathione (gamma-glutamyl-cysteinylglycine, GSH) represents a valuable indirect approach for the identification of chemically reactive, electrophilic intermediates formed during the metabolism of both foreign compounds and endogenous substances. In most cases, GSH adducts generated in vitro or excreted in the bile of animals are detected by the use of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), employing survey scans based on characteristic fragmentations of this class of conjugates. However, a limitation of current LC-MS/MS approaches, which typically employ electrospray ionization with analysis of positive ions, is that no single survey scan exhibits broad utility in the detection of unknown GSH adducts, since different structural classes of conjugate (aromatic, benzylic, aliphatic, thioester, etc.) behave differently upon collision-induced dissociation (CID) of the respective [M + H]+ parent ions. In the present study, we evaluated MS/MS in the negative ion mode as an alternative approach and report herein that the spectra obtained by CID of the [M - H]- ions of a number of representative GSH adducts, as well as GSH itself, are dominated by fragments originating from the glutathionyl moiety of the tripeptide. In particular, the anion at m/z 272, corresponding nominally to deprotonated gamma-glutamyl-dehydroalanyl-glycine, was abundant in the negative ion spectra of free GSH and all GSH conjugates examined, suggesting that scanning for precursors of this ion may provide a generally applicable technique for the detection of adducts of unknown structure. The utility of this novel detection strategy was demonstrated in a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments where compounds known to undergo metabolic activation were examined for their propensity to form conjugates with GSH. In all cases, scanning for precursors of m/z 272 in the negative ion mode revealed the presence of the expected adducts and in some instances revealed additional conjugates that had not been reported previously. Positive ion MS/MS, on the other hand, was more useful than the corresponding negative ion scans in providing information on the molecular structure of GSH conjugates.
The expression of the high mobility group HMGI (Y) proteins correlates with the malignant phenotype of human thyroid neoplasias. (1995)

High Mobility Group I (HMGI) proteins are nuclear proteins involved in the regulation of chromatin structure and function. Elevated expression of the HMGI proteins (HMGI, HMGY and HMGI-C) has been correlated with the presence of a highly malignant phenotype in epithelial and fibroblastic rat thyroid cells, and in several experimental carcinomas. Here, we demonstrate that HMGI and HMGY proteins are expressed in human thyroid carcinomas and thyroid carcinoma cell lines, but not in adenomas, goiters, normal thyroid tissues and cells. These results indicate a correlation between HMGI and HMGY expression and the malignant phenotype of thyroid neoplasias, suggesting that these proteins may be used as markers in thyroid cancer.
Treatment with a Novel Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Hydroxylase Inhibitor (TRC160334) Ameliorates Ischemic Acute Kidney Injury (2012)

The data presented here provide pharmacologic evidence for postischemia augmentation of HIF activation by TRC160334 as a promising and clinically feasible strategy for the treatment of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Jack Faukes, King's Messenger, and his Journey to Avignon in 1343 (1942)

Jack Faukes, King's Messenger, and his Journey to Avignon in 1343 Get access MARY C. HILL MARY C. HILL Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LVII, Issue CCXXV, January 1942, Pages 19–30, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LVII.CCXXV.19 Published: 01 January 1942