gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Loop-based design and reconfiguration of wafer-scale linear arrays with high harvest rates (1991)

Design and reconfiguration approaches for high harvest rates and parallel on-wafer diagnosis of linear arrays are described. The defect-tolerant designs use multiplexers to switch intercell connections and guarantee that the wire length between any two logically adjacent cells is constant, independent of fault distribution. The designs are appropriate for implementing linear arrays of wafer-scale memory and processor architectures. The harvesting of fault-free cells into a linear array is a percolation process; there exists a critical cell yield such that the harvest rate drops to zero (approaches 100%) if the cell yield is below (above) the critical value. Finding a maximum-size linear array for a given set of fault-free cells is polynomial time solvable if only the interconnections between fault-free cells are utilized, but is NP-complete if the interconnections between all cells are utilized. A heuristic reconfiguration algorithm utilizing the interconnections between all cells is presented. Application of boundary scan to parallel testing and on-wafer diagnosis of the arrays is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Carfilzomib: A Novel Second-Generation Proteasome Inhibitor (2011)

Carfilzomib (formerly PR-171) is a novel epoxyketone-based irreversible proteasome inhibitor. In preclinical studies, carfilzomib demonstrated irreversible binding to the proteasome and minimal off-target inhibition of other proteases. In clinical studies carfilzomib has demonstrated substantial antitumor activity in hematologic malignancies while exhibiting a well-tolerated side-effect profile. Painful neuropathy was minimally reported, suggesting a possible advantage over other proteasome inhibitors. With single-agent carfilzomib, dose-limiting toxicity was hematologic and included thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. In patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma, twice-weekly consecutive-day single-agent carfilzomib 20 mg/m(2) for 3 weeks every 28 days, escalating to 27 mg/m(2) the second cycle was associated with a 54% overall response rate in bortezomib-naive patients and a 26% overall response rate in bortezomib and immunomodulatory drug refractory patients.
Indentation Hardness Measurements at Macro-, Micro-, and Nanoscale: A Critical Overview (2016)

The Brinell, Vickers, Meyer, Rockwell, Shore, IHRD, Knoop, Buchholz, and nanoindentation methods used to measure the indentation hardness of materials at different scales are compared, and main issues and misconceptions in the understanding of these methods are comprehensively reviewed and discussed. Basic equations and parameters employed to calculate hardness are clearly explained, and the different international standards for each method are summarized. The limits for each scale are explored, and the different forms to calculate hardness in each method are compared and established. The influence of elasticity and plasticity of the material in each measurement method is reviewed, and the impact of the surface deformation around the indenter on hardness values is examined. The difficulties for practical conversions of hardness values measured by different methods are explained. Finally, main issues in the hardness interpretation at different scales are carefully discussed, like the influence of grain size in polycrystalline materials, indentation size effects at micro- and nanoscale, and the effect of the substrate when calculating thin films hardness. The paper improves the understanding of what hardness means and what hardness measurements imply at different scales.
Reducing atherogenic risk in hyperlipemic humans with flax seed supplementation: a preliminary report. (1993)

The effect on serum lipids of a flax seed supplement consisting of three slices of flax seed-containing bread and 15 g of ground flax seed was studied in 15 hyperlipemic subjects on long-term intake (800 IU/day) of vitamin E. The flax seed, which was high in alpha-linolenic acid and fiber, and which has been reported to lower serum cholesterol in elderly subjects, was provided in a 3-month feeding trial. Serum total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were reduced significantly; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol did not change during flax seed consumption. Thrombin-stimulated platelet aggregation decreased with the supplement. Serum lipid oxidation products decreased significantly during the washout period.
Gamma-interferon inhibits extracellular matrix synthesis and remodeling in collagen lattice cultures of normal and scleroderma skin fibroblasts. (1992)

Three-dimensional collagen lattice cultures of fibroblasts mimic the in vivo situation better than monolayer cultures. Here, skin fibroblasts from scleroderma patients and healthy controls were cultivated in collagen lattices, and the effects of recombinant human gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) on these cultures investigated. IFN-gamma inhibited collagen lattice retraction in a dose-dependent way at concentrations ranging from 10 to 10,000 U/ml. This effect was independent of any alteration to the cell proliferation within the lattices. The inhibition was of the same order of magnitude in normal and pathological fibroblasts. The synthesis of collagen and non-collagen proteins, particularly fibronectin, was increased in scleroderma cultures. It was inhibited in both normal and scleroderma fibroblasts by IFN-gamma, with a maximal effect at the concentration 1000 U/ml, but the inhibition of protein synthesis was far more intense in scleroderma than in normal cells. In situ hybridization, Northern blot and dot blot analyses showed that mRNA coding for pro alpha 1(I) collagen was decreased in IFN-gamma-treated cells, indicating an effect at the pretranslational level. IFN-gamma also inhibited glycosaminoglycan synthesis, but in scleroderma cells only. This study shows that IFN-gamma regulates cell behavior in three-dimensional collagen matrices: (i) it decreases protein and specifically glycosaminoglycan synthesis in scleroderma fibroblasts, (ii) it modulates the interactions between cells and matrix that lead to the retraction of the lattice. Whereas collagen synthesis is largely decreased in lattice cultures like in vivo, it remains increased in the case of scleroderma compared to normal fibroblasts and may be down-regulated by IFN-gamma. Similar conclusions may be drawn for fibronectin and glycosaminoglycans. The inhibitory effect of IFN-gamma on the retraction capacity of fibroblasts and on their ability to synthesize increased amounts of extracellular matrix macromolecules may be of potential interest for therapeutic use of IFN-gamma in scleroderma patients.
Erbium-doped silica-based planar-waveguide amplifier integrated with a 980/1530-nm WDM coupler (1994)

Erbium-doped glass waveguides are expected to be used as active elements in integrated-optical devices for optical-communication systems.1 Planar-waveguide optical amplifiers have been realized with straight and with curved erbium-doped glass waveguides.2,3 However, there have been no reports to date on sophisticated planar-waveguide amplifiers integrated with a pump/signal-light multiplexing circuit. Here, we describe what we believe to be the first integrated silica-based planar-waveguide amplifier on a silicon substrate with a 980/1530-nm wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) directional coupler lor multiplexing the pump and signal lights.
An Integrated Patch-Clamp Amplifier in Silicon-on-Sapphire CMOS (2006)

We designed and tested an integrated patch-clamp amplifier capable of recording from pico to tens of microamperes of current. The high-dynamic range of seven decades and the picoampere sensitivity of the instrument was targeted to whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. The prototype was fabricated on a 0.5-mum silicon-on-sapphire process. The device employs an integrating headstage with a pulse frequency modulated output, ranging from 3 Hz to 10 MHz. A digital interface produces a 16-bit output conversion of the input currents. We report on electronic characterization of the fabricated device, dynamic performance, and examples of measurements on biological cells for patch-clamp applications. The device will be used in an advanced planar high-throughput patch-clamp screening system for testing medicines
Enzymes in organic synthesis. 25. Heterocyclic ketones as substrates of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase. Highly stereoselective reductions of 2-substituted tetrahydropyran-4-ones (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnzymes in organic synthesis. 25. Heterocyclic ketones as substrates of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase. Highly stereoselective reductions of 2-substituted tetrahydropyran-4-onesJ. Anthony Haslegrave and J. Bryan JonesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 17, 4666–4671Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00381a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00381a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views425Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Serological and Biochemical Characterization of Surface Antigens Expressed on Human Myeloid Cells and Identification of Six Distinct Antigen Systems (1988)

Six distinct surface antigens selectively expressed on human myeloid cells were defined with ten murine monoclonal antibodies. Four antigens (GAp95, GAp170, GAp160-220, GAp145-200) are expressed on protein molecules and one antigen (GANGL) is detected in neutral glycolipids. The biochemical nature of the remaining one (GA8.9) is unknown. GAp95 and GANGL are expressed on relatively mature myeloid cells, whereas GAp160-220 is expressed on immature myeloid cells. GAp170 and GAp145-200 are expressed on a wide range of myeloid cells. GA8.9 was found on NKM-1, a cell line of acute myelomonocytic leukemia, and also on some acute nonlymphocytic leukemia cells.
Ultralightweight deformable mirrors (2013)

This paper presents a concept for ultralightweight deformable mirrors, based on a thin substrate of optical surface quality, coated with continuous active layers that provide separate modes of actuation at different length scales. This concept eliminates any kind of stiff backing structure for the mirror surface and exploits microfabrication technologies to provide tight integration of the active materials into the mirror structure, to avoid actuator print-through effects. Proof-of-concept, 10 cm diameter mirrors with an areal density of 0.6 kg/m² have been designed, built, and tested to measure their shape-correction performance and verify the finite-element models used for design. The low-cost manufacturing scheme involves low-temperature processing steps (below 140°C) to minimize residual stresses, does not require precision photolithography, and is therefore scalable to larger diameters depending on application requirements.
Post Salicidation Clean: Selective Removal of Un-Reacted NiPt Towards NiPtSi(Ge) (2007)

Ni(alloy) silicides have recently gained much attention due to their improved properties. Ni(Pt)Si has indeed become one of most promising candidates to replace NiSi as contact electrodes. To avoid bridging at the spacers and the isolation areas, after self-aligned silicidation (salicidation), un-reacted NiPt needs to be removed. This post salicidation clean process has to be selective towards all possibly exposed materials such as Si3N4 (spacers), SiO2 (field oxide), NiPtSi (contact and gate electrodes), and NiPtSiGe (contact electrodes of source/drain for strain applications). In this work, it is found that dilute HCl/HNO3 mixtures can well be used for NiPt post salicidation clean. It is shown that this process has a high etch rate for NiPt and a high selectivity towards other possibly exposed materials. Furthermore, the sheet resistance and the thickness of the silicides after this selective etch are well within specification providing a clean, environmentally-friendly process with low cost-of-ownership.
EDGE transmitter alternative using nonlinear polar modulation (2003)

Generating the EDGE signal at essentially the same cost as for GSM is difficult due to the additional linearity required from the RF power circuitry. The use of polar modulation as an alternative approach is investigated, and found to yield excellent signal quality while eliminating any need for RF circuit linearity. Measurements are presented from both a handset design providing 1 Watt, and a scaled-up design providing over 20 Watts for base station use. Temperature stability and performance in the presence of output mismatch are also discussed.
Identification of cytosolic and microsomal bile acid-binding proteins in rat ileal enterocytes. (1990)

Studies were performed to determine the subcellular fractions and proteins involved in the intracellular transport of bile acids in rat ileal cells. The photolabile derivative 7,7-azo-taurocholate inhibited the Na(+)-dependent uptake of taurocholate into rat ileal enterocytes reversibly in the dark and irreversibly following photolysis. When photolabeled cells were submitted to subcellular fractionation, greatest radioactivity was found in the soluble protein (SP) fraction with decreasing radioactivity in the brush-border-(BBM), basolateral-(BLM), mitochondria-(MT), microsome-(MC), and Golgi-(GO) enriched fractions. Following trichloroacetic acid precipitation, delipidation, and correction for loss of marker enzyme activity, protein bound radioactivity was in SP greater than BBM greater than MC greater than BLM greater than GO greater than MT. When photolabeled cells were first fractionated and then submitted to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a 99-kDa polypeptide was associated with BBM, 54- and 59-kDa polypeptides with BLM, 14-, 35-, 43-, 59-, and 68-kDa polypeptides with SP and a 20-kDa polypeptide with MC fractions. Immunoprecipitation with known antisera identified the 68-kDa polypeptide as albumin and the 43-kDa polypeptide as actin. No precipitation on the 14-kDa polypeptide was noted with anti-hepatic and anti-intestinal fatty acid-binding proteins. No precipitation of the 35-kDa polypeptide occurred with antibody to the hepatic cytosolic bile acid-binding protein. These studies reveal a previously unrecognized 20-kDa microsomal, and 14- and 35-kDa cytosolic bile acid-binding polypeptides which may be involved in the transcellular movement of bile acids.
Infrastructure for Web-GIS based interoperable SARS information system (2004)

This paper proposed an infrastructure of Web-GIS based interoperable SARS prevention information system, which can enable public participation in the activities of prevention against SARS virus and report SARS information to health cure center through the Internet. A GIS Java applet is used to show the GIS graphical user interface in Web, which makes the public collaborate with the relevant hygiene department, and health cure center. The public and medical workers can share the discovery of the virus source and monitor the area of SARS through this system. The system has adopted the system architecture based on J2EE, which can be easily to expand the system to large scale. Based on the system, we can analyze the SARS condition through artificial intelligence DSS, isolate the area of the developing virus source and find and control the condition within shortest time. The system functions of Web-GIS based interoperable information system and the key technological issues are investigated in this paper. A method for reporting and sharing the information of virus related GIS is also offered. It has important value for SARS prevention.
A study on helical coordinate system and helical slow wave structure (2002)

In this paper a new generalized coordinate system-HCS-is developed to lay the foundations for treating helical slow wave structures. As an example, calculated results of a practical slow wave structure using helical coordinates are given. It can be concluded that the helical coordinates developed here are rigorous and successful, and can be further applied to solve other problems relative to helical structures.
Prospects for electro-optic polymer devices (2002)

Compared to lithium niobate, poled electro-optic polymers have many potential advantages for active optical waveguide devices. These include the ability to spin cast optical waveguides on a variety of substrates, low materials cost, the ability to fabricate layered structures with buried electrodes, compatibility with a number of lithographic and etching techniques to form channel waveguides, low temperature processing, and the potential to integrate active EO polymer waveguide devices with electronic components. The key questions that must be answered to assess the viability of electro-optic polymer device technology are: (1) Can high performance devices such as phase modulators, amplitude modulators, and directional coupler switches be made? (2) If these devices can be made, can they last for years at elevated use temperatures and can they tolerate the temperature excursions typically encountered in packaging and electronics fabrication? (3) Can they be integrated with other optical components and with electronic components? (4) Can they be fabricated, integrated, and packaged at low cost?.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Performance prediction in compound-Gaussian clutter (1994)

The paper deals with the performance prediction of conventional receivers in non-Gaussian disturbance. The analysis is carried out for compound-Gaussian clutter plus thermal noise although the emphasis here is on a clutter-dominated environment. In this case, closed-form expressions for the false alarm rate are also given. A sensitivity analysis of the detection schemes to the statistical model for clutter amplitude shows that the assumption whether the input clutter is Weibull or K-distributed is uninfluential.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Vision and Task Assistance Using Modular Wireless <i>In Vivo</i> Surgical Robots (2009)

Minimally invasive abdominal surgery (laparoscopy) results in superior patient outcomes compared to conventional open surgery. However, the difficulty of manipulating traditional laparoscopic tools from outside the body of the patient generally limits these benefits to patients undergoing relatively low complexity procedures. The use of tools that fit entirely inside the peritoneal cavity represents a novel approach to laparoscopic surgery. Our previous work demonstrated that miniature mobile and fixed-based in vivo robots using tethers for power and data transmission can successfully operate within the abdominal cavity. This paper describes the development of a modular wireless mobile platform for in vivo sensing and manipulation applications. Design details and results of ex vivo and in vivo tests of robots with biopsy grasper, staple/clamp, video, and physiological sensor payloads are presented. These types of self-contained surgical devices are significantly more transportable and lower in cost than current robotic surgical assistants. They could ultimately be carried and deployed by nonmedical personnel at the site of an injury to allow a remotely located surgeon to provide critical first response medical intervention irrespective of the location of the patient.
Mechanism of Block and Identification of the Verapamil Binding Domain to HERG Potassium Channels (1999)

Calcium channel antagonists have diverse effects on cardiac electrophysiology. We studied the effects of verapamil, diltiazem, and nifedipine on HERG K+ channels that encode IKr in native heart cells. In our experiments, verapamil caused high-affinity block of HERG current (IC50=143.0 nmol/L), a value close to those reported for verapamil block of L-type Ca2+ channels, whereas diltiazem weakly blocked HERG current (IC50=17.3 micromol/L), and nifedipine did not block HERG current. Verapamil block of HERG channels was use and frequency dependent, and verapamil unbound from HERG channels at voltages near the normal cardiac cell resting potential or with drug washout. Block of HERG current by verapamil was reduced by lowering pHO, which decreases the proportion of drug in the membrane-permeable neutral form. N-methyl-verapamil, a membrane-impermeable, permanently charged verapamil analogue, blocked HERG channels only when applied intracellularly. Verapamil antagonized dofetilide block of HERG channels, which suggests that they may share a common binding site. The C-type inactivation-deficient mutations, Ser620Thr and Ser631Ala, reduced verapamil block, which is consistent with a role for C-type inactivation in high-affinity drug block, although the Ser620Thr mutation decreased verapamil block 20-fold more than the Ser631Ala mutation. Our findings suggest that verapamil enters the cell membrane in the neutral form to act at a site within the pore accessible from the intracellular side of the cell membrane, possibly involving the serine at position 620. Thus, verapamil shares high-affinity HERG channel blocking properties with other class III antiarrhythmic drugs, and this may contribute to its antiarrhythmic mechanism.
Improving Link Spectrum Utilization in Flexgrid Optical Networks (2015)

Flexible grid optical networks emerge as an appealing solution for future high-speed optical transport, since they can provide superior flexibility and scalability, coping with the rapid growth of Internet traffic. This work introduces some simple strategies that help improving the spectrum usage in flexgrid optical networks, based on limiting the bandwidth flexibility of the requested connections. Link performance improvement is demonstrated by adapting fully elastic optical networks to multibitrate optical networks, where only some connection bandwidth values are allowed. With the aim of avoiding useless spectrum voids, the set of bandwidth values that connections can take is appropriately adjusted. It is analytically demonstrated that by limiting the possible connection sizes, some gain is obtained at the cost of losing some flexibility. Simulation results obtained at the link as well as at the whole network level assess the advantages anticipated by the theoretical study.
Double-Sampling Single-Loop Sigma-Delta Modulator Topologies for Broadband Applications (2006)

This paper presents novel double sampling high order single-loop sigma-delta modulator structures for wideband applications. To alleviate the quantization noise folding into the inband frequency region, two previously reported techniques are used. The DAC sampling paths are implemented with the single capacitor approach and an additional zero is placed at the half of the sampling frequency of the modulator's noise transfer function (NTF). The detrimental effect of this additional zero on both the NTF and signal transfer function (STF) is also resolved through the proposed modulator architectures with a low additional circuit requirement