gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rotary Culture Enhances Pre-osteoblast Aggregation and Mineralization (2005)

Three-dimensional environments have been shown to enhance cell aggregation and osteoblast differentiation. Thus, we hypothesized that three-dimensional (3D) growth environments would enhance the mineralization rate of human embryonic palatal mesenchymal (HEPM) pre-osteoblasts. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential use of rotary cell culture systems (RCCS) as a means to enhance the osteogenic potential of pre-osteoblast cells. HEPM cells were cultured in a RCCS to create 3D enviroments. Tissue culture plastic (2D) cultures served as our control. 3D environments promoted three-dimensional aggregate formations. Increased calcium and phosphorus deposition was significantly enhanced three- to 18-fold (P < 0.001) in 3D cultures as compared with 2D environments. 3D cultures mineralized in 1 wk as compared with the 2D cultures, which took 4 wks, a decrease in time of nearly 75%. In conclusion, our studies demonstrated that 3D environments enhanced osteoblast cell aggregation and mineralization.
Investigations of issues for using multiple acoustic models to improve continuous speech recognition (2006)

This paper investigates two important issues in constructing and combining ensembles of acoustic models for reducing recognition errors. First, we investigate the applicability of the AnyBoost algorithm for acoustic model training. AnyBoost is a generalized Boosting method that allows the use of an arbitrary loss function as the training criterion to construct ensemble of classifiers. We choose the MCE discriminative objective function for our experiments. Initial test results on a real-world meeting recognition corpus show that AnyBoost is a competitive alternate to the standard AdaBoost algorithm. Second, we investigate ROVER-based combination, focusing on the technique for selecting correct hypothesized words from aligned WTN. We propose a neural network based insertion detection and word scoring scheme for this. Our approach consistently outperforms the current voting technique used by ROVER in the experiments.
Remote node reconfiguration in opportunistic data collection wireless sensor networks (2014)

Traditionally, wireless sensor networks collect readings from distributed embedded sensing systems and forward them to one or more sink nodes. While many energy-efficient data collection protocols have emerged as a result, the transmission of control commands from a sink to individual nodes in the network is generally unsupported by these solutions. We present how the receiver-initiated opportunistic ORiNoCo data collection protocol can be extended to allow for the reconfiguration of nodes at minimal additional energy overhead. When our solution is being applied, adaptations of the sensor sampling rates or node sleep cycles can be easily controlled by the base station during runtime.
Pastiche (2002)

Backup is cumbersome and expensive. Individual users almost never back up their data, and backup is a significant cost in large organizations. This paper presents Pastiche, a simple and inexpensive backup system. Pastiche exploits excess disk capacity to perform peer-to-peer backup with no administrative costs. Each node minimizes storage overhead by selecting peers that share a significant amount of data. It is easy for common installations to find suitable peers, and peers with high overlap can be identified with only hundreds of bytes. Pastiche provides mechanisms for confidentiality, integrity, and detection of failed or malicious peers. A Pastiche prototype suffers only 7.4% overhead for a modified Andrew Benchmark, and restore performance is comparable to cross-machine copy.
Hybrid Variable Length Coding in Video Compression using Variable Breakpoint (2007)

Hybrid variable length coding (HVLC) was recently proposed as a novel entropy coding scheme for block-based image and video compression, in observation of the inefficiency of the conventional run-level variable length coding scheme in coding consecutive nonzero transform coefficients. In HVLC, each transform block is partitioned into low-frequency and high-frequency regions, and the coefficients in the two regions are coded separately by different schemes. The partition of the transform block was performed based on a predefined, constant breakpoint. In this paper, we propose to partition the transform block using a variable breakpoint that is adaptive to the local context. We present a method to find one optimal breakpoint per transform block or per multi-block partition efficiently, and we show that by using variable breakpoint, the efficiency of HVLC can be improved considerably compared to the constant breakpoint case.
Ex vivo culture of human colorectal tissue for the evaluation of candidate microbicides (2006)

Colorectal explant culture was shown to be a useful tool for the preclinical evaluation of potential microbicides. The data suggest that rectally applied microbicides might provide protection from HIV-1 transmission.
A Tag-Based Hybrid Music Recommendation System Using Semantic Relations and Multi-domain Information (2011)

In this paper, we propose a hybrid approach for music recommendation. Firstly, we describe an approach for creating music recommendations based on user-supplied tags that are augmented with a hierarchical structure extracted for top level genres from Dbpedia. In this structure, each genre is represented by its stylistic origins, typical instruments, derivative forms, sub genres and fusion genres. We use this well-organized structure in dimensionality reduction in user and item profiling. We compare two recommenders, one using our method and the other using Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) in dimensionality reduction. The recommender using our approach outperforms the other. In addition to different dimensionality reduction methods, we evaluate the recommenders with different user profiling methods. Moreover, our approach collects personal interests (favorite movies and television series) from the Face book profiles. These user profiles are then used to find the similarity between users. At the end, items belonging to the most similar users' profiles and having a high score against users' profiles are recommended. Thus, we have focused on a hybrid system using tag-based contextual information of music tracks and user interests acquired from Face book profiles. Initial results are promising such that using similarities of users affects the recommendation positively.
Influences of Nanocarrier Morphology on Therapeutic Immunomodulation (2018)

Nanomaterials provide numerous advantages for the administration of therapeutics, particularly as carriers of immunomodulatory agents targeting specific immune cell populations during immunotherapy. While the physicochemical characteristics of nanocarriers have long been linked to their therapeutic efficacy and applications, focus has primarily been placed on assessing influences of size and surface chemistry. In addition to these materials properties, the nanostructure morphology, in other words, shape and aspect ratio, has emerged as an equally important feature of nanocarriers that can dictate mechanisms of endocytosis, biodistribution and degree of cytotoxicity. In this review, we will highlight how the morphological features of nanostructures influence the immune responses elicited during therapeutic immunomodulation.
Fusion-based multiview distributed video coding (2006)

In this paper, we introduce a scheme for coding video surveillance camera networks. It is based on multiview and Distributed Video Coding (DVC). DVC is known for its low complexity encoders. This makes it very interesting for a wide range of applications, in particular video surveillance. More specifically, we introduce a new fusion technique between temporal side information and homography-based side information that improves the rate-distortion performance of the DVC compression. Finally, we introduce a new scheme with a pure Wyner-Ziv camera, which encodes all its frames as Wyner-Ziv frames.
Evaluation of growth inhibitory effect of ceramics powder slurry on bacteria by conductance method. (1995)

The growth inhibitory effect of 26 ceramic powder slurries on bacteria was evaluated by measurement of the conductance change of the growth medium caused by bacterial metabolism (conductance method). Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis were used as test bacteria. It was found that the growth of the test bacteria was inhibited by 10 ceramic powders. Magnesium oxide (MgO) and calcium oxide (CaO) powder slurries had a growth inhibitory effect on all test bacteria. In the cases of MgO, and CaO powder slurries, there was no difference in sensitivities among the test bacteria. These powder slurries exhibited bactericidal action on the test bacteria. On the other hand, the zinc oxide (ZnO) powder slurry inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria stronger than Gram-negative bacteria. The effect was bacteriostatic action. The conductance method could provide quantitative and simple evaluation of the growth inhibitory effect of ceramic powder slurries on bacteria, and was more applicable than the conventional methods, such as the halo test.
Tetramesityldisilene, a Stable Compound Containing a Silicon-Silicon Double Bond (1981)

Irradiation of 2,2-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)hexamethyltrisilane in hydrocarbon solution produces tetramesityldisilene, which can be isolated as a yellow-orange solid stable to room temperature and above in the absence of air. Like the olefins of carbon chemistry, tetramesityldisilene undergoes addition reactions across the silicon-silicon double bond.
Allomerization of cholic acid and conversion to petromyzonol (1987)

Petromyzonol, a rare bile substance, has been prepared from an abundant starting material, cholic acid. The critical conversion, the inversion of the configuration at C-5, was accomplished by oxidizing a suitably protected derivative of cholic acid to a 1,4-dien-3-one, which was then stereoselectively reduced to methyl allocholate. In a single oxidation step, the 3-hydroxy steroid was converted to the dienone by Barton's procedure using a catalytic amount of benzeneseleninic anhydride and m-iodoxybenzoic acid as the stoichiometric oxidant. The stereoselective reduction employed two steps: hydrogenation of the dienone to the saturated ketone (5α) in the presence of the Wilkinson catalyst, followed by reduction of the ketone with K-Selectride. Finally, methyl allocholate was reduced to petromyzonol with lithium aluminum hydride.
Prepreg tack: A review of mechanisms, measurement, and manufacturing implication (2020)

Abstract The stickiness of prepregs (tack) is considered a decisive material property for the success of high‐quality composite manufacturing by automated lay‐up processes such as automated fiber placement (AFP) or automated tape laying (ATL). Adverse control of prepreg tack can easily result in laminate defects or machine breakdown, which are highly undesirable considering the tremendous machinery and material costs of these processes. Prepreg tack is governed by a complex interaction of adhesive and cohesive phenomena that are influenced by machine and environmental parameters of the production process as well as by intrinsic properties of the prepreg material itself. This review aims at providing a condensed insight into the current state of research on prepreg tack. Therefore, experimental studies including the discussion of utilized tack measurement methods as well as model approaches to prepreg tack are reviewed. The findings are discussed against the background of fundamental mechanisms, the strong interdependency of influencing parameters and the challenge of translating measured tack data into an enhanced AFP/ATL process stability by process adjustment.
Reduction of Jet Perforator Penetration in Rock Under Stress (1988)

ABSTRACT Tests using multi-shot perforating guns in large 3/4 × 3/4 × 9/10 m blocks of stressed rock have been used to quantify stress-induced penetration reductions for three different charges. All three charges were tested in Berea Sandstone, one charge was tested in Bedford Limestone. The fractional reduction in penetration depends on charge design, size and rock type. In tests with elevated pore pressure, data best fit an effective stress law, P(effective) = P(confining) – P(pore). Larger fractional penetration reductions were observed for a small charge (10-cm rock penetration). This may be partially explained by correlating penetration with hoop stress near the wellbore rather than with mean effective stress. Two methods are considered to predict the observed penetration reductions. First, changes in acoustic velocities with pressure are correlated directly with penetration depths. Thus, log or core data may be useful in predicting downhole penetration. Second, a penetration model that includes the effect of target strength under confining stress is evaluated. The latter theoretical analysis results in a charge-dependent semi-empirical parameter related to impact pressure. The value of this parameter is less for the smaller Charge A than for Charge B. The ability of this simple theory to reproduce observed penetration reductions suggests that a more sophisticated treatment may be able to predict downhole perforator performance directly from the characteristics of a given charge.
Short‐Chain Fatty Acid‐Supplemented Total Parenteral Nutrition Improves Nonspecific Immunity After Intestinal Resection in Rats (1996)

Short-chain fatty acids improve components of nonspecific immune responses and may be beneficial in reducing certain aspects of TPN-associated immunosuppression after major surgery.
Enantioselective Mannich‐Type Reaction Catalyzed by a Chiral Brønsted Acid Derived from TADDOL (2005)

Abstract A novel cyclic dialkyl phosphate was synthesized starting from (+)‐diethyl tartrate. Its catalytic activity as a chiral Brønsted acid has been examined in the Mannich‐type reaction of a ketene silyl acetal with aldimines as a model reaction. The corresponding β‐amino acid esters were obtained with high enantioselectivity.
Is It Possible to Die of Fright? Only the Hound of the Baskervilles Knows! (2002)

In Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's fictional tale The Hound of the Baskervilles, a character suffers a fatal heart attack following extreme stress. These
Quasi-stability regions of nonlinear dynamical systems: optimal estimations (1996)

In this paper, we develop an effective scheme to estimate stability regions by using an energy function that is a generalization of the Lyapunov functions. It is shown that the scheme can optimally estimate stability regions. A fairly comprehensive study for the structure of the constant energy surface lying inside the quasi-stability region is presented. A topological characterization, as well as a dynamical characterization for the point on the quasi-stability boundary and the point on the stability boundary with the minimum value of an energy function are derived. These characterizations are then used in the development of a computational scheme to estimate quasi-stability regions. By utilizing an energy function approach (or Lyapunov function approach), this scheme can significantly reduce conservativeness in estimating the stability region, because the estimated stability region characterized by the corresponding energy function is the largest one within that stability region.
Status of Optical Disk Standards and Copy Protection Technology (2000)

Optical data storage is now well into the second decade of continuing market and technology expansion. Media removability, which is the main attribute of this technology, presented the optical recording industry with unmatched opportunities and also new challenges. On the one hand, data interchange between the media and drives from different sources becomes a major concern, which can only be solved if international standards for all optical recording disk/cartridge are available. Many standards organizations, with the help of world wide industrial support, took up the challenge, and numerous international standards were established which are now being adapted. One the other hand, copy protection technology must be developed to prevent illegal copying and distribution of contents using this removable media. This need is accentuated by the proliferation of low cost CD and now DVD disks replication means and the availability of recordable and rewritable CD and DVD devices. This paper provides an update of the brief summary of the current status of the international optical disk standards published earlier and a brief review of the copy protection technology.
Immunoblot analysis of the humoral immune response to Pythium insidiosum in horses with pythiosis (1992)

Reactions to Pythium insidiosum by sera from horses with active pythiosis were investigated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblotting. Five strains of P. insidiosum were grown in nutrient broth and then sonicated. After centrifugation, supernatant antigens were separated by SDS-PAGE. An exoantigen of Conidiobolus coronatus was also tested. Bands with molecular weights between 97,000 and 14,000 were identified by Coomassie blue and silver staining. After being transferred to nitrocellulose, the antigens were reacted against sera from six horses with pythiosis, sera from four horses cured a year earlier by vaccination, and sera from five healthy horses. The sera from horses with pythiosis recognized at least 20 antigens in all strains. Three antigens with molecular weights of 32,000, 30,000, and 28,000 appeared to be immunodominant and specific. Sera from horses cured by immunotherapy showed only five very weak bands, three of them the 32,000-molecular-weight (32K), 30K, and 28K antigens. No bands were observed with sera from healthy horses or sera from horses with a variety of other infections. Sera from horses with pythiosis cross-reacted with the 44K antigen of C. coronatus. The immunodominant antigens described here may be useful for diagnostic purposes and in immunotherapy for this oomycotic infection in horses.
Laser beam power control device (1968)

A simple, reliable device for continuously varying the intensity and plane of polarization of laser beams over a wide range is described. It consists of a series of transparent dielectric plates set at the Brewster angle and capable of rotation about the incident beam axis. This device has been used to control the beam intensities of a continuous wave helium-neon laser at a few microwatts and of a giant pulse Q-switched ruby laser at 200 MW.
Prevention of Experimental Venous Thrombosis in Rabbits with Different Low Molecular Weight Heparins, Dermatan Sulphate and Hirudin (1995)

In a randomized, blind study the antithrombotic efficacy of dermatan sulphate (DS), recombinant hirudin (r-hirudin) and four commercially available low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) was investigated after intravenous administration in a jugular vein thrombus model in rabbits utilizing a combination of endothelial damage and flow reduction. The parameters observed were the frequency of visible thrombosis, the frequency of occlusive thrombosis and thrombus weights. DS and r-hirudin were investigated in one fixed dose and the LMWHs in prophylactic doses, adjusted to body weight, recommended in high-risk situations by the manufacturers. All substances effectively reduced the three observed parameters. DS and r-hirudin were equally or even more effective than the LMWHs. Although significant differences were not found between the individual LMWH treatments a visible trend cannot be overlooked in all three observed parameters. This cannot solely be explained by the different antifactor Xa activity doses given but increased antithrombotic activity was observed with declining antifactor Xa/antifactor IIa ratio. Our findings indicate that the different commercial LMWHs may differ in their antithrombotic activity when given in recommended doses adjusted to body weight in this experimental model. Dose range studies are required to clarify the thromboprophylactic efficacy of DS and r-hirudin in relation to the tested LMWHs.
Study of nanoimprint pattern transfer on hydrogen silsesquioxane (2006)

The effects of process parameters on pattern embossing into hydrogen silsesquioxane films and the pattern degradation of hydrogen silsesquioxane were investigated. Methylisobutylketone (MIBK) was used to dilute hydrogen silsesquioxane, and NX-1000 (Nanonex) was used to imprint hydrogen silsesquioxane embossed with a Si grating mold at 25°–180°C under 2–2.5MPa. The imprint results were observed by scanning electron microscopy and correlated to the analysis results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nanoindentation. The FTIR results show that network-type bonding was promoted by dilution with MIBK and increasing baking temperatures from 50°Cto180°C. High-temperature thermal-cycle heat treatment can promote the formation of network bonds, which make hydrogen silsesquioxane film undergo plastic deformation more easily. In contrast, low-temperature thermal-cycle heat treatment can result in hydrogen silsesquioxane having a highly viscous response and high time-dependent deformation behavior. The diluted hydrogen silsesquioxane film under prebaking at 150°C for 3min and imprinting at 180°C for 2min under 2.5MPa resulted in a high-fidelity pattern replication without pattern degradation after aging at room temperature for 20days.
A Cross-Correlation Technique for Vehicle Detections in Wireless Magnetic Sensor Network (2016)

Vehicle detections are an important research field and attract many researchers. Most research efforts have been focused on vehicle parking detection (VPD) in indoor parking lot. For on-street parking, strong noise disturbances affect detection accuracy. To deal with vehicle detections in on-street environment, we propose two vehicle detection algorithms based on a cross-correlation technique in wireless magnetic sensor networks. One is for VPD, and the other one is for vehicle speed estimation (VSE). The proposed VPD algorithm combines the state-machine detection and the cross-correlation detection. In the VSE, speed estimation is based on the calculation of the normalized cross correlation between the signals of two sensors along the road with a certain spacing. Experimental results show that the VPD has an accuracy of 99.65% for arrival and 99.44% for departure, while the VSE has an accuracy of 92%.
Why Is the Partial Molar Volume of CO<sub>2</sub> So Small When Dissolved in a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid? Structure and Dynamics of CO<sub>2</sub> Dissolved in [Bmim<sup>+</sup>] [PF<sub>6</sub><sup>-</sup>] (2005)

When supercritical CO2 is dissolved in an ionic liquid, its partial molar volume is much smaller than that observed in most other solvents. In this article we explore in atomistic detail and explain in an intuitive way the peculiar volumetric behavior experimentally observed when supercritical CO2 is dissolved in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Bmim+] [PF6(-)]). We also provide physical insight into the structure and dynamics occurring across the boundary of the CO2 ionic liquid interface. We find that the liquid structure of [Bmim+] [PF6(-)] in the presence of CO2 is nearly identical to that in the neat ionic liquid (IL) even at fairly large mole fractions of CO2. Our simulations indicate, in agreement with experiments, that partial miscibilities of one fluid into the other are very unsymmetrical, CO2 being highly soluble in the ionic liquid phase while the ionic liquid is highly insoluble in the CO2 phase. We interpret our results in terms of the size and shape of spontaneously forming cavities in the ionic liquid phase, and we propose that CO2 occupies extremely well-defined locations in the IL. Even though our accurate prediction of cavity sizes in the neat IL indicates that these cavities are small compared with the van der Waals radius of a single carbon or oxygen atom, CO2 appears to occupy a space that was for the most part a priori "empty".