gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymer-Protected Palladium Nanoparticles and Their Use in Catalysis (1996)

Abstract Stable palladium colloids were prepared by the in-situ reduction of palladium chloride (PdCl2) in the presence of protective water-soluble polymers and cationic polyelectrolytes. The particle sizes, morphologies, and particle-size distributions were determined by transmission electron microscopy and found to be in the nanometer size range. The catalytic activity of these colloidal metal-polymer systems was tested by the hydrogenation of cyclohexene as a model reaction. Most of the polymer-protected palladium nanoparticles were found to be catalytically active, and final conversions up to 100% were obtained in many cases.
New reactions of polyfluoroaromatic compounds. Part II. Polyfluoroaralkyl amines (1971)

The preparations of the pentafluoro-(1a) and 4-methoxy-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-(1b) analogues of (±)-amphetamine and of N-methyl-N-pentafluorobenzylprop-2-ynylamine (25) are outlined. The synthesis of salts of 1-methyl-2-pentafluorophenylethylhydrazine (10) and (12) and 2-pentafluorophenylcyclopropylamine (19) are described.
A half-micron pitch Cu interconnection technology (2002)

Half-micron pitch Cu interconnections have been achieved by self-aligned plug (SAP), MOCVD-TiN barrier layer (MBL), and alumina capped oxidation-free structure (ACOS). Low resistance 0.12 /spl mu/m Cu interconnections whose effective resistivity is 1.9 /spl mu//spl Omega/cm have been obtained. Improved thermal stability up to 600/spl deg/C has been achieved for quarter-micron Cu contacts. Cu oxidation has been suppressed without increasing resistance by using a trimethylaluminum (TMA) treatment.
[Drug therapy of dysmenorrhea]. (1988)

Primary dysmenorrhea occurs mostly in young women with a painful bleeding pattern. In a recent study, 72% of 19-year-old women had light, 19% had medium to severe, and 8% had severe symptoms. Secondary dysmenorrhea means pathological organic alterations of the genital tract: uterus myomatosus, endometrial polyps, endometriosis, and retroflexed uterus. IUDs can also generate this condition. A certain imbalance of estradiol and progesterone results in defective prostaglandin formation in the endometrium (too much PGF2alpha and too little PGI2) as well as in abnormal and increased uterine contractility and diminished endometrial, blood supply with concomitant painful ischemia. Increased prostaglandin synthesis leads to inflammatory processes and the traumatization of the endometrium (high PGF2alpha level), but IUDs also often cause secondary dysmenorrhea. Treatment calls for the normalization of prostaglandin formation in the uterus by dietary change by increasing fatty acid intake (fish oils and plant fats), and also by the systematic addition of exogenic gestagens (Duphaston 10 mg/day po. Orgametril 5 mg/day), and by the use of the progesterone-releasing IUDs (Biograviplan and Progestasert) that lessen the contractility of the myometrium by reducing PGF2-alpha synthesis. If pregnancy is to be avoided hormonal ovulation inhibitors as optimal, since their effectiveness is over 90% (Cilest, Femovan, Marvelon, and Ortho-Novum 2 mg). If contraception is not sought, nonsteroidal antiphlogistics are recommended: ibuprofen (400 mg 3-4 times/day), naproxen (250 mg 4-5 times/day), flufenamic acid (200 mg/day tid), mefenamic acid (500 mg 3 tid or 250 mg qid), aspirin (650 mg every 4-6 hours), indomethacin (25 mg tid, although it is relatively toxic). Magnesium is a natural calcium antagonist that can influence the intracellular calcium concentration in the myometrium. THe calcium blocker nifedipin (20-40 mg po) and beta-sympathomimetics (Partusisten) also mitigate uterine contractions, but the latter can produce more side effects as a consequence of interfering in the vegetative nervous system.
Cross Layer Error Exploitation for Aggressive Voltage Scaling (2007)

This paper shows that by co-designing circuits and systems, considerable power savings are possible if the inherent data redundancy of candidate systems such as wireless is used to compensate for hardware failures. A comprehensive study of 6T SRAM failure modes is presented. The generated statistics are used to quantify a power savings of up to 17.5% for a case study of a 32 nm CMOS 3 GPP WCDMA modem
Interaction of Chrome-Free Refractories With Copper Smelting and Converting Slags (2000)

Concern over the potential labeling of spent mag-chrome brick from copper production furnaces as hazardous waste has led to a joint research program by the University of Missouri-Rolla (USA) and the G.K. Williams CRC for Extractive Metallurgy (Australia) to assess the usefulness of potential alternative materials, focusing on refractories in the magnesia-alumina system. In this presentation, a mineralogical assessment is made of the results of short-time (10 minutes) static exposure of commercial mag-alumina refractory samples to molten ferrous silicate slags typical of those used in commercial copper smelting and converting furnaces.Une préoccupation concernant l'étiquetage possible de briques usagées de mag-chrome de fours de production de cuivre comme déchets dangereux a conduit à un programme conjoint de recherche entre l'Université de Missouri-Rolla (É.U.) et le "CRC G.K. Williams for Extractive Metallurgy" (Australie). Le but consistait à évaluer l'utilité de matériaux de remplacement potentiels, en se concentrant sur les réfractaires du système magnésie-alumine. Dans cette présentation, on fait une évaiuation minéralogique des résultats dexposition statique à court terme (10 minutes) d'échantillons réfractaires commerciaux de mag-alumine à des scories fondues de silicate ferreux, typiques de celles utilisées dans les fours commerciaux d'élaboration et d'affinage du cuivre.
Logic programming : proceedings of the fifth international conference and symposium (1988)

Two-volume set These two volumes collect papers presented at the first joint meeting of the two principal logic programming conferences, held in August of 1988. The more than fifty contributions cover all aspects of the field, including applications (particularly those that exploit the unique character of logic programming), the role of logic programming in artificial intelligence, deductive databases, relations to other computational paradigms, language issues, methodology, implementations on sequential and parallel architectures, and theory. Logic Programming is included in the Logic Programming series Research Reports and Notes, edited by Ehud Shapiro.
O tribunal de contas da Paraiba e a verificacao da aplicacao dos recursos vinculados a educacao (2009)

Este artigo faz parte de uma pesquisa mais ampla sobre os procedimentos adotados pelos Tribunais de Contas (TCs) para a contabilização da receita e despesa em manutenção e desenvolvimento do ensino (MDE) e se justifica porque tais procedimentos divergem bastante entre os TCs e não seguem necessariamente as determinações da LDB. No caso da Paraíba, com base em orientações técnicas do TC e de seus pareceres sobre contas do governo estadual, constatamos que o TC não contabilizou, pelo menos durante alguns anos, a dívida ativa oriunda de impostos na base de cálculo dos 25% vinculados à MDE, assim como não acrescentou, ao montante correspondente aos 25%, receitas de convênios, salário-educação e rendimento financeiro com o FUNDEF, bem como, pelo menos em 1999, a complementação federal para o FUNDEF. Outro equívoco foi confundir gastos na função orçamentária ‘Educação e Cultura’ (válida até 1999) ou ‘Educação’ (vigente a partir de 2000 no caso dos Estados) com gastos em MDE. Ora, todos os gastos de MDE podem ser classificados na função ‘Educação’, porém nem todos os gastos da função ‘Educação’ podem ser enquadrados em MDE. Outros equívocos são indicados no artigo e ressaltam a importância dos envolvidos com a educação escolar verificarem a contabilização de receita e despesa em MDE pelos TCs.
<title>New technique for transfer function specification in direct volume rendering using real-time visual feedback</title> (2002)

Direct volume rendering (DVR) is a very useful visualisation technique. However, the difficulty in specifying a suitable transfer function often discourages its application to visualisation problems. This work presents a technique for providing meaningful and fast visual feedback that greatly facilitates the transfer function specification process. The feedback is based on a slice-based preview of the actual volume rendering that can be calculated in real-time and can be superimposed on a slice-based view of the data that is being rendered.
Generation and exploitation of local orthographic imagery for road vehicle localisation (2012)

This paper is about road vehicle localisation based on vision using synthesised local orthographic imagery. We exploit state of the art stereo visual odometry (VO) on our survey vehicle to generate high precision synthetic orthographic images of the road surface as would be seen from overhead. The fidelity and detail of these images far exceeds that of aerial photographs. When undertaking subsequent passes of the same route, the vehicle is localised against the survey vehicle's trajectory by maximising the mutual information between the synthetic orthographic images and live image streams. Thus we explicitly leverage the gross appearance of the workspace rather than a discrete set of point features. We test our technique on data gathered from a road vehicle and show that centimeter-level precision is possible without the complexity and instability of contemporary feature based techniques.
Dynamic trapping experiment in an elctrostaticlly actuated initially curved beam (2015)

We report on a first experimental demonstration of dynamic trapping of electrostatically actuated double clamped curved micro beam. The beam is configured in an isolated singular post-buckled configuration, showing enhanced gap usage which cannot be reached by either static or by a suddenly applied single step load. The trapping is achieved using a dynamic snap-through induced by a tailored two step time dependent electrostatic loading.
Copper doped BaMnO<sub>3</sub>perovskite catalysts for NO oxidation and NO<sub>2</sub>-assisted diesel soot removal (2017)

BaMn<sub>0.7</sub>Cu<sub>0.3</sub>O<sub>3</sub>is the most active catalyst for NO<sub>2</sub>generation and soot oxidation. This behavior is a result of the enhancement of the redox properties of the catalyst due to the replacement of Mn(<sc>iii</sc>)/Mn(<sc>iv</sc>) by Cu(<sc>ii</sc>) in the perovskite structure.
Pano2Vid: Automatic Cinematography for Watching 360$^{\circ}$ Videos (2016)

We introduce the novel task of Pano2Vid $-$ automatic cinematography in panoramic 360$^{\circ}$ videos. Given a 360$^{\circ}$ video, the goal is to direct an imaginary camera to virtually capture natural-looking normal field-of-view (NFOV) video. By selecting "where to look" within the panorama at each time step, Pano2Vid aims to free both the videographer and the end viewer from the task of determining what to watch. Towards this goal, we first compile a dataset of 360$^{\circ}$ videos downloaded from the web, together with human-edited NFOV camera trajectories to facilitate evaluation. Next, we propose AutoCam, a data-driven approach to solve the Pano2Vid task. AutoCam leverages NFOV web video to discriminatively identify space-time "glimpses" of interest at each time instant, and then uses dynamic programming to select optimal human-like camera trajectories. Through experimental evaluation on multiple newly defined Pano2Vid performance measures against several baselines, we show that our method successfully produces informative videos that could conceivably have been captured by human videographers.
New Structural Features of Unsupported Chains of Metal Ions in Luminescent [(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>Pt][Au(CN)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub>·1.5(H<sub>2</sub>O) and Related Salts (2003)

Luminescent [(NH(3))(4)Pt][Au(CN)(2)](2).1.5(H(2)O), which forms from aqueous solutions of [(NH(3))(4)Pt]Cl(2) and K[Au(CN)(2)], crystallizes with extended chains of the two ions with multiple close Pt...Au (3.2804(4) and 3.2794(4) A) and Au...Au (3.2902(5), 3.3312(5), and 3.1902(4) A) contacts. Nonluminescent [(NH(3))(4)Pt][Ag(CN)(2)](2).1.4(H(2)O) is isostructural with [(NH(3))(4)Pt][Au(CN)(2)](2).1.5(H(2)O). Treatment of [(NH(3))(6)Ni]Cl(2) with K[Au(CN)(2)] forms [(NH(3))(2)Ni][Au(CN)(2)](2) in which the [Au(CN)(2)](-) ions function as nitrile ligands toward nickel, which assumes a six-coordinate structure with trans NH(3) ligands. The [Au(CN)(2)](-) ions self-associate into linear columns with close Au...Au contacts of 3.0830(5) A, and pairs of gold ions in these chains make additional but longer (3.4246(5) A) contacts with other gold ions.
Heterologous protein production using euchromatin-containing expression vectors in mammalian cells (2015)

Upon stable cell line generation, chromosomal integration site of the vector DNA has a major impact on transgene expression. Here we apply an active gene environment, rather than specified genetic elements, in expression vectors used for random integration. We generated a set of Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) vectors with different open chromatin regions, promoters and gene regulatory elements and tested their impact on recombinant protein expression in CHO cells. We identified the Rosa26 BAC as the most efficient vector backbone showing a nine-fold increase in both polyclonal and clonal production of the human IgG-Fc. Clonal protein production was directly proportional to integrated vector copy numbers and remained stable during 10 weeks without selection pressure. Finally, we demonstrated the advantages of BAC-based vectors by producing two additional proteins, HIV-1 glycoprotein CN54gp140 and HIV-1 neutralizing PG9 antibody, in bioreactors and shake flasks reaching a production yield of 1 g/l.
Applications of simulated annealing to peptides (1990)

We report the application of a new conformation searching algorithm called simulated annealing to the location of the global minimum energy conformation of peptides. Simulated annealing is a Metropolis Monte Carlo approach to conformation generation in which both the energy and temperature dependence of the Boltzmann distribution guides the search for the global minimum. Both uphill and downhill moves are possible, which allows the molecule to escape from local minima. Applications to the 20 natural amino acid "dipeptide models" as well as to polyalanines up to Ala80 are very successful in finding the lowest energy conformation. A history file of the simulated annealing process allows reconstruction and examination of the random walk around conformation space. A separate program, Conf-Gen, reads the history file and extracts all low-energy conformations visited during the run.
Real Longevity Insurance with a Deductible: Introduction to Advanced-Life Delayed Annuities (ALDA) (2005)

Abstract This paper explores the financial properties of a concept product called an advanced-life delayed annuity (ALDA). The ALDA is a variant of a pure deferred annuity contract that is acquired by installments, adjusted for consumer price inflation, and pays off toward the end of the human life cycle. The ALDA concept is aimed at the growing population of North Americans without access to a traditional defined benefit (DB) pension plan and the implicit longevity insurance that a DB plan contains. I show that under quite reasonable pricing assumptions, a consumer can invest or allocate $1 per month, while saving for retirement, and receive between $20 and $40 per month in benefits, assuming the deductible in this insurance policy is set high enough. The ALDA concept might go a long way in mitigating the psychological barrier to voluntary lump-sum annuitization.
Noniterative Biexponential Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging in the Investigation of Cellular Metabolism by Means of NAD(P)H Autofluorescence (2004)

The cofactors NADH and NADPH, hereafter NAD(P)H [NAD(P)= nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate)], belong to the principal endogenous indicators of energetic cellular metabolism. Since the metabolic activity of cells is given by the ratio between the concentrations of free and protein-bound NAD(P)H, the development of autofluorescence techniques which accurately measure the modifications to this ratio is particularly significant. Hitherto the methods applied in the monitoring of cellular metabolism have provided either imprecise results, due to interference of the NAD(P)H signal by perturbing factors, or they have required a complicated internal calibration. We employ biexponential fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) in order to discriminate between the free and protein-bound NAD(P)H without any previous calibration. Thus, we have obtained directly, and for the first time, a high-resolution map of cellular metabolism, that is, an image of the contribution of the protein-bound NAD(P)H to the cumulative NAD(P)H fluorescence signal. Moreover, we demonstrate that protein-NAD(P)H complexes characterised by different fluorescence lifetimes are not uniformly distributed all over the cell, as assumed until now, but are concentrated in certain cellular regions. The different fluorescence lifetimes indicate either different protein-NAD(P)H complexes or different bond strengths between NAD(P)H and the protein in these complexes. Since an important aspect in biological applications is to monitor the dynamics of the relevant processes (such as cellular metabolism), rapid dynamical techniques, for example, rapid biexponential fluorescence lifetime imaging, are needed. Furthermore, it is necessary to reduce the evaluation effort as much as possible. Most of the evaluation techniques in multiexponential FLIM are time-expensive iterative methods. The few exceptions are connected with a loss of information, for example, global analysis; or a loss in accuracy, for example, the rapid evaluation technique (RLD). We implement for the first time in FLIM a noniterative, nonrestrictive method originally developed by Prony for approximations of multiexponential decays. The accuracy of this method is verified in biexponential FLIM experiments in time-domain on mixtures of two chromophores both in homogenous and in heterogeneous media. The resulting fluorescence lifetimes agree (within error margins) with the lifetimes of the pure substances determined in monoexponential FLIM experiments. The rapidity of our evaluation method as compared to iterative pixel-by-pixel methods is evidenced by a reduction of the evaluation time by more than one order of magnitude. Furthermore, the applicability of this method for the biosciences is demonstrated in the investigation of cellular metabolism by means of NAD(P)H endogenous fluorescence.
Domino Carbocationic Rearrangement of Aryl-2-(1-<i>N</i>-methyl/benzyl-3-indolyl)cyclopropyl Ketones:  A Serendipitous Route to 1<i>H</i>-Cyclopenta[<i>c</i>]carbazole Framework (2002)

Aryl-2-(N-methyl/benzyl-3-indolyl)cyclopropyl ketones 2a-m are shown to undergo a novel unexpected domino carbocationic rearrangement in the presence of SnCl(4)/CH(3)NO(2) yielding 2-aroyl-3-aryl-1H-cyclopenta[c]carbazoles 3a-m in good yields. The possible mechanistic pathway for this interesting transformation involves a series of cascade events, (a) electrophilic ring opening of cyclopropyl ketone, (b) intermolecular enol capture of the resulting zwitterionic intermediate, (c) electrophilic dimerization of indole moieties to give tetrahydrocarbazole intermediate and its subsequent aromatization by elimination of an indole moiety and dehydrogenation, and (d) intramolecular aldol condensation of the side chain to give a cyclopentene ring. The overall transformation involves formation of three carbon-carbon bonds along with a fused benzene and a substituted cyclopentene ring in one-pot operation from simple indole precursors.
Partition-based workload scheduling in living data warehouse environments (2007)

The demand for so-called living or real-time data warehouses is increasing in many application areas such as manufacturing, event monitoring and telecommunications. In these fields users usually expect short response times for their queries and high freshness for the requested data. However, meeting these fundamental requirements is challenging due to the high loads and the continuous flow of write-only updates and read-only queries, which may be in conflict with each other. Therefore, we present the concept of Workload Balancing by Election (WINE), which allows users to express their individual demands on the Quality of Service and the Quality of Data respectively. WINE applies this information to balance and prioritize over both types of transactions -- queries and update -- according to the varying user needs. A simulation study shows that our proposed algorithm outperforms competitor baseline algorithms over the entire spectrum of workloads and user requirements.
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Compared with Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry for Blood Lead Analysis (2001)

According to a recent CDC report, blood lead concentrations in 1 000 000 US children are at values associated with irreversible damage to health (1). The effects of chronic lead poisoning on the developing nervous systems have been well documented (2), with children in inner city neighborhoods, where older housing stocks have deteriorating lead paint, most vulnerable (3). Accurate screening of children for lead exposure is, therefore, of paramount importance.

The current biomarker for assessment of lead exposure is venous blood lead, commonly measured by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) or graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAA). Although both of these techniques have been used in our laboratory for 15 years, with ASV being our instrument of choice for clinical blood lead analysis, there is surprisingly little published information on ASV as a clinical tool for blood lead analysis.

Here we present comparative data on ASV and GFAA analyses of blood lead in our clinic, with a novel reagent for calibration of ASV. For ASV, we used the ESA 3010B Trace Metals Analyzer (Environmental Science Associates) with a mercury-coated graphite electrode, a Ag/AgCl reference electrode, and a platinum counter electrode. For GFAA (4), we used a Zeeman/5100 PC atomic absorption spectrophotometer with HGA-600 graphite furnace and AS-60 autosampler (Perkin-Elmer).

For analysis by ASV, instead of the manufacturer’s reagent we used a novel reagent developed at our laboratory that is based entirely on chloride salts and HCl. HCl is suitable for electroplating of metals. Importantly, …
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: new orally active 1,4-thiazepine-2,5-diones, 1,4-thiazine-2,5-diones, and 1,4-benzothiazepine-2,5-diones possessing antihypertensive activity (1986)

The preparation of a series of 1,4-thiazepine-2,5-diones, 1,4-thiazine-2,5-diones, and 1,4-benzothiazepine-2,5-diones and their ability in inhibiting the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in vitro and in vivo were examined. These compounds are assumed to act as prodrugs since they undergo rapid ring-opening reactions to give the corresponding biologically active free SH compounds when incubated with rat plasma or when treated with aqueous 0.1 N HCl or phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). The thiazepines 23-25 and 30 are potent inhibitors of ACE when administered po to rats and are comparable in potency to captopril (1). The most active thiazines in rats, po, were 42 and 45. Of the benzothiazepines studied, 22a was the most active in inhibiting ACE in the conscious normotensive rat, ID50 = 0.15 mg/kg, po. The acute antihypertensive effects of oral administration of a number of these compounds on mean arterial pressure and heart rate were studied in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) maintained on a sodium-deficient diet.