gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A matter of attraction: Electric charges localised on dielectric polymers enable electromechanical transduction (2014)

Significant amounts of localised or trapped charges, as well as large electric dipoles from pairs of such charges, are usually detrimental for electrical insulation. The same charges can, however, lead to useful electro-mechanical and mechano-electrical effects (or inverse and direct piezoelectricity, respectively) if they are properly arranged in dielectric materials with extremely low conductivities. The resulting space-charge and dipole electrets are widely applied, e.g. in microphones, air filters, radiation dosimeters, ultrasonic transducers, etc. Furthermore, the coupling between localised charges and anisotropic mechanical properties may also give rise to pyroelectric and electrocaloric effects, as well as to soft and flexible or stretchable sensors and actuators with large figures of merit. Basically, the performance of all such transducer materials relies on the attraction (and repulsion) of electric charges and thus directly on the electromagnetic interaction, i.e. on one of the fundamental interactions that Nature provides. The beneficial transducer effects of localised excess charges of both polarities in dielectric polymer materials are being exploited in recent developments in the areas of anisotropic polymer ferroelectrets with quasi-ferroelectric behavior, of soft and basically incompressible electro-electrets (dielectric elastomers) with extremely large strains (used in sensors, energy harvesters and actuators), of molecular-dipole electrets with significant ferro-, pyro- and piezo-electricity, and of space-charge polymer electrets with locally stabilised charges.
A One-Pot Synthesis of 1-Substituted Cyclic Phosphine Sulfides by Simultaneous Addition of Bis- and Mono-Grignard Reagents to a New Efficient Phosphorus Donating Reagent (2000)

The synthesis of the reported cyclic phosphine sulfides (4, 5, 6) is carried out in good yields in a one-pot reaction with simultaneous addition of the three reagents (1, BrMgCh2(CH2)nCH2MgBr, RMgBr) and final treatment with sulfur. The new phosphorus donating reagent benzothiadiphosphole 1 is an inexpensive, facile to prepare, and air-insensitive solid.
Transformation of chicken bone marrow cells by the v-ski oncogene. (1993)

The effect of the v-ski oncogene on the transformation of chicken hematopoietic cells was examined. In initial experiments viruses encoding the v-ski oncoprotein did not transform chicken bone marrow cells. However, whereas viruses encoding the ts-v-sea oncoprotein transform solely erythroid cells, viruses encoding both the v-ski and the ts-v-sea oncogenes were found capable of transforming myeloid cells from the monocytic and/or granulocytic lineages in addition to erythroid cells. Analysis of cell clones transformed by the v-ski/ts-v-sea virus identified one clone that no longer expressed the v-sea protein, indicating that this protein was necessary for the initiation but not the maintenance of transformation. Subsequent experiments testing the effects of various growth factors on transformation of bone marrow cells by the v-ski oncogene product alone identified the avian c-kit ligand (stem cell factor; SCF) as being able to co-operate with the v-ski protein to cause transformation of chicken hematopoietic cells of both myeloid and erythroid lineages.
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate binding site of pig heart alanine aminotransferase (1979)

After borohydride reduction, carboxymethylation, and tryptic digestion of the holoenzyme of pig heart alanine aminotransferase, a single icosapeptide containing the N6-(phosphopyridoxyl)lysine residue was isolated by a combination of gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatogrpahy. Its primary structure was determined as Gln-Glu-Leu-Ala-Ser-Phe-His-Ser-Val-Ser-Lsy(Pxy)-Gly-Phe-Met-Gly-Glu-Cys-Gly-Phe-Arg.
Solid-state configurations (1980)

Two prototype solid-state phased array systems concepts developed for the solar power satellite (SPS) are described. In both concepts, the beam was centered on the rectenna by means of phase conjugation of a pilot signal emanating from the ground. Also discussed are results of solid state studies.
Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties and Superlattice Structure of a Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>/ZrB<sub>2</sub> Film Prepared by Ion-Beam-Assisted Deposition (2013)

In this study, it was found that a novel superlattice structure can favorably influence the carrier and phonon transport properties of superlattice films. The n-type Bi2Te3/ZrB2 superlattice film was successfully fabricated by simple ion-beam-assisted deposition on a large scale. The composition and microstructure of the films were studied by X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the multilayered Bi2Te3/ZrB2 film with a modulation period (Λ) of 12 nm is alternately composed of monolithic Bi2Te3 and ZrB2 layers. The Bi2Te3/ZrB2 superlattice film possesses a relatively rough interface and distinct layer structure. The thermoelectric properties, i.e., electrical conductivity (σ), Seebeck coefficient (S), and thermal conductivity (κ), of the Bi2Te3-based films were measured in the in-plane direction. The properties of the Bi2Te3/ZrB2 superlattice film were greatly enhanced in comparison with those of Bi2Te3 and ZrB2 films. The superlattice Bi2Te3/ZrB2 film with a thermoelectric dimensionless figure-of-merit ZT = 1.54 was obtained at room temperature. An in-plane transport mechanism of the superlattice structure was proposed and investigated. Introduction of such a superlattice structure into films is therefore a very promising approach.
Clinical trial simulations of the interaction between cannabidiol and clobazam and effect on drop‐seizure frequency (2019)

With this study, we aim to test the hypothesis that the effect of cannabidiol on drop-seizure frequency in patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and Dravet syndrome could be attributed to a drug-drug interaction with clobazam. We performed clinical trial simulations for the effect of 20 mg/kg/day cannabidiol on drop-seizure frequency in patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. We assumed that patients taking 10 or 20 mg clobazam would have a 2- to 7-fold increase in N-desmethylclobazam exposure, whereas patients not taking clobazam would have a median reduction in drop-seizure frequency and a variability in the percent reduction similar to the placebo group. The results show that the effect of cannabidiol on the median reduction in drop-seizure frequency in patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome may be explained by a drug-drug interaction with clobazam. This may have important implications for the use of cannabidiol and its Food and Drug Administration registration.
Fully memory based address translation in user-level network interface (2011)

User-level communications greatly alleviate the software overhead of the communication subsystem by allowing applications to access the network interface directly. Such a direct data path requires the network interface to know the physical memory location of the buffer. Thus, efficient virtual-to-physical address translation is critical. This paper presents a efficient address translation scheme based on address-translation-table where every translation is done on the network interface controller without operating system involvement and miss handling, and zero copy data transfer can be implemented between processes. Adopting this mechanism, we design our communication subsystem oriented to cluster systems based on PCI-Express 2.0. The experimental results show the lowest one-way latency of 2.37us and the peak bandwidth of 6038MB/s, which is the fastest network interface at present.
Corrosion inhibitors – application in oil industry (2015)

The efficient flow of natural gas and oil to recipients is very often disrupted due to corrosion processes. They cause deterioration of material, leading to changes in their mechanical properties, such as durability, hardness or elasticity. In time, the progress of these phenomena causes damage to storage tanks or transmission systems which as a result, leads to leakage. Corrosion processes affect not only transmission and storage of fossils. The scale of the problem is much greater. Devices and systems corrode at the stage of exploration, production (corrosion of drilling equipment) and petroleum processing (corrosion of refinery plants). Currently, the opportunity to resolve the existing problems regarding corrosion, both for the domestic and global oil and gas industry is emerging. It is estimated that corrosion processes cost the American industry 280 billion dollars per year. Part of this sum is allocated to the oil and gas industry. Since this phenomenon cannot be stopped, more and more often the extent of damage to particular materials is being monitored. This solution seems to be economically justified. The article discusses mechanisms of the mentioned phenomenon, including also biocorrosion. Furthermore, some factors are presented which contribute to the occurrence of this unfavorable process in the oil industry. Additionally, some methods which decrease as well as prevent the effects of corrosion are discussed, with particular emphasis on corrosion inhibitors.
Label distribution based facial attractiveness computation by deep residual learning (2016)

Two challenges lie in the facial attractiveness computation research: the lack of true attractiveness labels (scores), and the lack of an accurate face representation. In order to address the first challenge, this paper recasts facial attractiveness computation as a label distribution learning (LDL) problem rather than a traditional single-label supervised learning task. In this way, the negative influence of the label incomplete problem can be reduced. Inspired by the recent promising work in face recognition using deep neural networks to learn effective features, the second challenge is expected to be solved from a deep learning point of view. A very deep residual network is utilized to enable automatic learning of hierarchical aesthetics representation. Integrating these two ideas, an end-to-end deep learning framework is established. Our approach achieves the best results on a standard benchmark SCUT-FBP dataset compared with other state-of-the-art work.
Ethnic monitoring and social control: descriptions from juveniles in juvenile care institutions (2014)

Previous research has emphasized the institutional racism in total institutions. Researchers have highlighted the importance of narratives but have not focused on narratives about ethnic monitoring and social control. This article tries to fill this gap by analysing stories related to descriptions of ethnic monitoring and social control as told by juveniles of non-Swedish ethnicity in Swedish juvenile care institutions. A juvenile’s ethnicity was highlighted by drawing attention to the staff’s monitoring and social control. Interviews elucidated the victimhood that non-Swedish juveniles portrayed in relation to the staff and/or Swedish juveniles. When juveniles of non-Swedish ethnicity described ethnic monitoring and social control, they generally distanced themselves from staff behaviour and portrayed a victim identity. In constructing their identity, juveniles sometimes used their ethnic background rhetorically when describing everyday situations in the institution. The juveniles portrayed a humiliated self through dissociation from the staff and through the descriptions that they were treated differently than Swedish juveniles.
New protein kinase and protein phosphatase families mediate signal transduction in bacterial catabolite repression (1998)

Carbon catabolite repression (CCR) is the prototype of a signal transduction mechanism. In enteric bacteria, cAMP was considered to be the second messenger in CCR by playing a role reminiscent of its actions in eukaryotic cells. However, recent results suggest that CCR in Escherichia coli is mediated mainly by an inducer exclusion mechanism. In many Gram-positive bacteria, CCR is triggered by fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, which activates HPr kinase, presumed to be one of the most ancient serine protein kinases. We here report cloning of the Bacillus subtilis hprK and hprP genes and characterization of the encoded HPr kinase and P-Ser-HPr phosphatase. P-Ser-HPr phosphatase forms a new family of phosphatases together with bacterial phosphoglycolate phosphatase, yeast glycerol-3-phosphatase, and 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate phosphatase whereas HPr kinase represents a new family of protein kinases on its own. It does not contain the domain structure typical for eukaryotic protein kinases. Although up to now the HPr modifying/demodifying enzymes were thought to exist only in Gram-positive bacteria, a sequence comparison revealed that they also are present in several Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria.
Modification of properties of ion exchange membranes. VI. Electrodialytic transport properties of cation exchange membranes with a electrodeposition layer of cationic polyelectrolytes (1979)

Abstract When a cation exchange membrane is immersed in a cationic polyelectrolyte solution to form a thin layer on the membrane surface, the membrane properties are changed: permselectivity between cations with different electric charges (a relative transport number of the calcium ions to sodium ions, P ), current efficiency, and electric resistance of the membrane. Here the more compact the cationic polyelectrolyte layer, the more outstanding the change in permselectivity. To make a more compact layer, an electrodeposition method was adopted and a change in the permselectivity of the resultant cation exchange membrane was investigated. By using the electrodeposition method a strongly basic polyelectrolyte with a larger molecular weight effectively changed the permselectivity of the cation exchange membrane: the P value dropped to about 0.3 from about 2.5 of the P of the untreated membrane during electrodialysis of the sodium chloride—calcium chloride system, and an increase in the electric resistance of the membrane (i.e., organic fouling) due to a cationic surface‐active agent could be prevented. It is noteworthy that by using the strongly basic polyelectrolyte with a larger molecular weight the electrodeposition method was effective, whereas the immersion method was ineffective. Furthermore, even with the electrodeposition method the cationic polyelectrolyte which had a relatively smaller molecular weight resulted in a more remarkable change in the P value than did that with a larger molecular weight. In the electrodeposition method the amount of polyelectrolyte cohered onto the membrane surface in creased with an increase in the concentration of the polyelectrolyte, and weakly basic polyelectrolyte, and weakly basic polyelectroyte (polyethyleneimine) was also available independent of its molecular weight.
Redox Regulation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling through Cysteine Oxidation (2012)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exemplifies the family of receptor tyrosine kinases that mediate numerous cellular processes, including growth, proliferation, and differentiation. Moreover, gene amplification and EGFR mutations have been identified in a number of human malignancies, making this receptor an important target for the development of anticancer drugs. In addition to ligand-dependent activation and concomitant tyrosine phosphorylation, EGFR stimulation results in the localized generation of H(2)O(2) by NADPH-dependent oxidases. In turn, H(2)O(2) functions as a secondary messenger to regulate intracellular signaling cascades, largely through the modification of specific cysteine residues within redox-sensitive protein targets, including Cys797 in the EGFR active site. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie redox regulation of EGFR signaling and how these discoveries may form the basis for the development of new therapeutic strategies for targeting this and other H(2)O(2)-modulated pathways.
Programming environments for transputer-based architectures (2002)

Major requirements of a massively parallel programming environment are defined. The transputer peculiarities and the programming model of the transputer architecture are evaluated. The desiderata of a programming environment for a massively parallel architecture are analyzed. The models underlying a generic programming environment for massively parallel architecture are defined. The programming environments Express, Helios, and the Computing Surface CSTools are analyzed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Predictive performance and scalability modeling of a large-scale application (2001)

In this work we present a predictive analytical model that encompasses the performance and scaling characteristics of an important ASCI application. SAGE (SAIC's Adaptive Grid Eulerian hydrocode) is a multidimensional hydrodynamics code with adaptive mesh refinement. The model is validated against measurements on several systems including ASCI Blue Mountain, ASCI White, and a Compaq Alphaserver ES45 system showing high accuracy. It is parametric --- basic machine performance numbers (latency, MFLOPS rate, bandwidth) and application characteristics (problem size, decomposition method, etc.) serve as input. The model is applied to add insight into the performance of current systems, to reveal bottlenecks, and to illustrate where tuning efforts can be effective. We also use the model to predict performance on future systems.
HRAID6ML: A hybrid RAID6 storage architecture with mirrored logging (2012)

The RAID6 provides high reliability using double-parity-update at cost of high write penalty. In this paper, we propose HRAID6ML, a new logging architecture for RAID6 systems for enhanced energy efficiency, performance and reliability. HRAID6ML explores a group of Solid State Drives (SSDs) and Hard Disk Drives (HDDs): Two HDDs (parity disks) and several SSDs form RAID6. The free space of the two parity disks is used as mirrored log region of the whole system to absorb writes. The mirrored logging policy helps to recover system from parity disk failure. Mirrored logging operation does not introduce noticeable performance overhead to the whole system. HRAID6ML eliminates the additional hardware and energy costs, potential single point of failure and performance bottleneck. Furthermore, HRAID6ML prolongs the lifecycle of the SSDs and improves the systems energy efficiency by reducing the SSDs write frequency. We have implemented proposed HRAID6ML. Extensive trace-driven evaluations demonstrate the advantages of the HRAID6ML system over both traditional SSD-based RAID6 system and HDD-based RAID6 system.
Stability engineering of anti-EGFR scFv antibodies by rational design of a lambda-to-kappa swap of the V<sub>L</sub>framework using a structure-guided approach (2015)

Phage-display technology facilitates rapid selection of antigen-specific single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies from large recombinant libraries. ScFv antibodies, composed of a VH and VL domain, are readily engineered into multimeric formats for the development of diagnostics and targeted therapies. However, the recombinant nature of the selection strategy can result in VH and VL domains with sub-optimal biophysical properties, such as reduced thermodynamic stability and enhanced aggregation propensity, which lead to poor production and limited application. We found that the C10 anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) scFv, and its affinity mutant, P2224, exhibit weak production from E. coli. Interestingly, these scFv contain a fusion of lambda3 and lambda1 V-region (LV3 and LV1) genes, most likely the result of a PCR aberration during library construction. To enhance the biophysical properties of these scFvs, we utilized a structure-based approach to replace and redesign the pre-existing framework of the VL domain to one that best pairs with the existing VH. We describe a method to exchange lambda sequences with a more stable kappa3 framework (KV3) within the VL domain that incorporates the original lambda DE-loop. The resulting scFvs, C10KV3_LV1DE and P2224KV3_LV1DE, are more thermodynamically stable and easier to produce from bacterial culture. Additionally, C10KV3_LV1DE and P2224KV3_LV1DE retain binding affinity to EGFR, suggesting that such a dramatic framework swap does not significantly affect scFv binding. We provide here a novel strategy for redesigning the light chain of problematic scFvs to enhance their stability and therapeutic applicability.
Orthogonal Latin squares: an application of experiment design to compiler testing (1985)

Orthogonal Latin squares—a new method for testing compilers—yields the informational equivalent of exhaustive testing at a fraction of the cost. The method has been used successfully in designing some of the tests in the Ada Compiler Validation Capability (ACVC) test suite.
Creation of Allotypic Active Sites during Oxidative Stress (2006)

Oxidative stress is a factor in a series of diseases and aging, primarily through irreversible oxidative modification of proteins. A major question is how nonenzymatic oxidation has the specificity to impact cellular regulation. Here, we report the degree to which in vivo protein oxidation to the ketone and aldehyde level is random using yeast as a simple model system and hydrogen peroxide as an environmental oxidative stress agent. Among 415 affinity-selected proteins identified throughout the matrix of stressed cells, oxidation sites were found in 87, predominantly on lysine, arginine, proline, histidine, threonine, and methionine residues. In almost all cases, one to two specific oxidation sites on the exterior of proteins were identified using MS-derived sequence and publicly available 3-D structural data. This suggests that, when regulation or disease progression is mediated by protein oxidation, specific new "allotypic active sites" are being created in proteins that trigger the process.
GaN Ultraviolet Photodetector with a Low-Temperature AlN Cap Layer (2007)

We present the characteristics of GaN ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors (PDs) with a low-temperature (LT)-AlN cap layer. With the LT-AlN cap layer, it was found that reverse leakage current became smaller by four orders of magnitude. With an incident wavelength of , it was found that the responsivity under zero bias for the proposed PD was , which corresponds to a quantum efficiency of 21.7%. Furthermore, it was found that the UV to visible rejection ratio of the PD with a LT-AlN cap layer was larger than that of a conventional Schottky barrier PD.
Effect of Hump Electrode on the Discharge Voltage of ac PDP with Fence Electrode (2008)

One of the most important issues in fence-type PDP is low luminance and luminous efficiency. To improve luminance and luminous efficiency, new sustain electrode structure which contains long discharge gap is necessary. However, it causes rise of firing voltage. In this paper, a new fence electrode structure is proposed in order to solve these problems. To drop the firing voltage, tow hump shaped electrodes is added on the main discharge electrode, and distance between two humps is controlled. The experimental results show that the test panel with the narrow horizontal gap(40um) between two humps shows low firing voltage by 17V compared with 80um gap in spit of similar luminance and luminous efficiency.