gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MR imaging of left-ventricular function : novel image acquisition and analysis techniques. (2012)

Many cardiac diseases, such as myocardial ischemia, secondary to coronary artery disease, may be identified and localized through the analysis of cardiac deformations. Early efforts for quantifying ventricular wall motion used surgical implantation and tracking of radiopaque markers with X-ray imaging in canine hearts [1]. Such techniques are invasive and affect the regional motion pattern of the ventricular wall during the marker tracking process and, clearly are not feasible clinically. Noninvasive imaging techniques are vital and have been widely applied to the clinic. MRI is a noninvasive imaging technique with the capability to monitor and assess the progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) so that effective procedures for the care and treatment of patients can be developed by physicians and researchers. It is capable of providing 3D analysis of global and regional cardiac function with great accuracy and reproducibility. In the past few years, numerous efforts have been devoted to cardiac motion recovery and deformation analysis from MR imaging sequences. In order to assess cardiac function, there are two categories of indices that are used: global and regional indices. Global indices include ejection fraction, cavity volume, and myocardial mass [2]. They are important indices for cardiac disease diagnosis. However, these global indices are not specific for regional analysis. A quantitative assessment of regional parameters may prove beneficial for the diagnosis of disease and evaluation of severity and the quantification of treatment [3]. Local measures, such as wall deformation and strain in all regions of the heart, can provide objective regional quantification of ventricular wall function and relate to the location and extent of ischemic injury. This dissertation is concerned with the development of novel MR imaging techniques and image postprocessing algorithms to analyze left ventricular deformations. A novel pulse sequence, termed Orthogonal CSPAMM (OCSPAMM), has been proposed which results in the same acquisition time as SPAMM for 2D deformation estimation while keeping the main advantages of CSPAMM [4,5]: i.e., maintaining tag contrast through-out the ECG cycle. Different from CSPAMM, in OCSPAMM the second tagging pulse orientation is rotated 90 degrees relative to the first one so that motion information can be obtained simultaneously in two directions. This reduces the acquisition time by a factor of two as compared to the traditional CSPAMM, in which two separate imaging sequences are applied per acquisition. With the application of OCSPAMM, the effect of tag fading encountered in SPAMM tagging due to Tl relaxation is
Inducible <scp>l</scp> -Alanine Exporter Encoded by the Novel Gene <i>ygaW</i> ( <i>alaE</i> ) in Escherichia coli (2011)

We previously isolated a mutant hypersensitive to L-alanyl-L-alanine from a non-L-alanine-metabolizing Escherichia coli strain and found that it lacked an inducible l-alanine export system. Consequently, this mutant showed a significant accumulation of intracellular L-alanine and a reduction in the L-alanine export rate compared to the parent strain. When the mutant was used as a host to clone a gene(s) that complements the dipeptide-hypersensitive phenotype, two uncharacterized genes, ygaW and ytfF, and two characterized genes, yddG and yeaS, were identified. Overexpression of each gene in the mutant resulted in a decrease in the intracellular l-alanine level and enhancement of the L-alanine export rate in the presence of the dipeptide, suggesting that their products function as exporters of L-alanine. Since ygaW exhibited the most striking impact on both the intra- and the extracellular L-alanine levels among the four genes identified, we disrupted the ygaW gene in the non-L-alanine-metabolizing strain. The resulting isogenic mutant showed the same intra- and extracellular L-alanine levels as observed in the dipeptide-hypersensitive mutant obtained by chemical mutagenesis. When each gene was overexpressed in the wild-type strain, which does not intrinsically excrete alanine, only the ygaW gene conferred on the cells the ability to excrete alanine. In addition, expression of the ygaW gene was induced in the presence of the dipeptide. On the basis of these results, we concluded that YgaW is likely to be the physiologically most relevant exporter for L-alanine in E. coli and proposed that the gene be redesignated alaE for alanine export.
Refining the locus for Best vitelliform macular dystrophy and mutation analysis of the candidate gene ROM1. (1994)

Vitelliform macular dystrophy (Best disease) is an autosomal dominant macular dystrophy which shares important clinical features with age-related macular degeneration, the most common cause of legal blindness in the elderly. Unfortunately, our understanding and treatment for this common age-related disorder is limited. Discovery of the gene which causes Best disease has the potential to increase our understanding of the pathogenesis of all types of macular degeneration, including the common age-related form. Best disease has recently been mapped to chromosome 11q13. The photoreceptor-specific protein ROM1 has also been recently mapped to this location, and the ROM1 gene is a candidate gene for Best disease. Using highly polymorphic markers, we have narrowed the genetic region which contains the Best disease gene to the 10-cM region between markers D11S871 and PYGM. Marker D11S956 demonstrated no recombinants with Best disease in three large families and resulted in a lod score of 18.2. In addition, a polymorphism within the ROM1 gene also demonstrated no recombinants and resulted in a lod score of 10.0 in these same three families. We used a combination of SSCP analysis, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, and DNA sequencing to screen the entire coding region of the ROM1 gene in 11 different unrelated patients affected with Best disease. No nucleotide changes were found in the coding sequence of any affected patient, indicating that mutations within the coding sequence are unlikely to cause Best disease.
Phase stabilities and surface morphologies of (Ti1−<i>x</i>Zr<i>x</i>)Si2 thin films on Si(100) (1995)

The effects of zirconium content on the phase stabilities and the surface morphologies of Ti–Zr alloy disilicide thin films were examined. The (Ti1−xZrx)Si2 thin films were grown by codeposition of Ti and Zr alloys (200 Å) onto Si(100) surfaces in ultrahigh vacuum and followed by in situ thermal annealing at temperatures between 650 and 1000 °C. The structural properties of films were studied by in situ Raman scattering experiments and ex situ x-ray diffraction experiments. The (Ti1−xZrx)Si2 films with low Zr contents (x&lt;0.1) initially form a base-centered orthorhombic structure (C49 phase) and transform to a face-centered orthorhombic structure (C54 phase) at higher temperatures. The C49-to-C54 phase transition temperature increases with increasing Zr content. When the Zr content, x, is higher than 0.1, the C49 phase is stable in the temperature range of 700–1000 °C, and the C49-to-C54 phase transition is not observed. We propose that increasing the Zr content in the alloy silicide films results in a decreased enthalpy difference between these two crystalline structures. An analysis based on the classical theory of nucleation indicates that the nucleation energy barrier for the formation of a C54 cluster is increased. The surface morphologies of the alloy disilicide films were studied using scanning electron microscopy, and the surface roughnesses were quantified using atomic force microscopy. Substrate coverages of the C49 (Ti1−xZrx)Si2 thin films on Si are larger compared to the C54 TiSi2 thin films with the same thicknesses. The agglomeration of the C49 alloy silicide thin films is less severe than for the C54 TiSi2 thin films, because the C49 (Ti1−xZrx)Si2 silicide thin films have lower surface and interface free energies than C54 TiSi2.
Financial Institutions and Markets. (1994)

Part 1 Principles: lending, payments and risk-taking the financial system and its technology efficiency, stability and government intervention. Part 2 Interest rates and exchange rates: interest rates, exchange rates and security prices the level of interest rates and exchange rates money, prices, interest rates and exchange rates the structure of interest rates and exchange rates. Part 3 Intermediaries: understanding financial intermediaries commercial banks the banking industry - part 1 the banking industry - part 2 near banks - thrifts, finance companies and others payments and foreign exchanges insurance pension funds and mutual funds. Part 4 Markets: understanding security markets the market for government securities the money market the capital market the mortgage market and securitization the derivatives market - futures, options and swaps. Part 5 Stability and the central bank: managing liquidity and risk the stability of the financial system deposit insurance controlling the quantity of money monetary policy.
Finder and Reader of Web Pages in Spanish for People with Visual Disadvantages (2006)

The present article presents the results of a project focused on a tool for visually impaired people. This project consists of two parts, one, a web-browser, and two, a web-page reader. Both tools are developed to allow blind people to navigate the internet using Google and Microsoft SAPI together with Java based programs in Spanish.
Minimally supervised morphological analysis by multimodal alignment (2000)

This paper presents a corpus-based algorithm capable of inducing inflectional morphological analyses of both regular and highly irregular forms (such as brought→bring) from distributional patterns in large monolingual text with no direct supervision. The algorithm combines four original alignment models based on relative corpus frequency, contextual similarity, weighted string similarity and incrementally retrained inflectional transduction probabilities. Starting with no paired <inflection,root> examples for training and no prior seeding of legal morphological transformations, accuracy of the induced analyses of 3888 past-tense test cases in English exceeds 99.2% for the set, with currently over 80% accuracy on the most highly irregular forms and 99.7% accuracy on forms exhibiting non-concatenative suffixation.
Design Optimizations for Tiled Partially Reconfigurable Systems (2010)

In partially reconfigurable architectures, system components can be dynamically loaded and unloaded allowing resources to be shared over time. Dynamic system components are represented by partial reconfiguration (PR) modules. In comparison to a static system, the design of a partially reconfigurable system requires additional design steps, such as partitioning the device resources into static and dynamic regions. We present the concept of tiled PR regions, which enables a flexible online-placement of PR modules. Dynamic reconfiguration requires a suitable communication infrastructure to interconnect the static and dynamic system components. We present an embedded communication macro, a communication infrastructure that interconnects PR modules in a tiled PR region. Efficient online-placement of PR modules depends not only on the placement algorithm, but also on design-time aspects such as the chosen synthesis regions of the PR modules. We propose a design method for selecting suitable synthesis regions for the PR modules aiming to optimize their placement at run-time.
A Ser678Pro Substitution in Fks1p Confers Resistance to Echinocandin Drugs in <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> (2007)

An S678P substitution in Fks1p, the major subunit of glucan synthase, was sufficient to confer echinocandin resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus. The equivalent mutation in Candida spp. has been implicated in echinocandin resistance. This work demonstrates that modification of Fks1p is a conserved mechanism for echinocandin resistance in pathogenic fungi.
Gastroduodenal mucus bicarbonate barrier: protection against acid and pepsin (2005)

Secretion of bicarbonate into the adherent layer of mucus gel creates a pH gradient with a near-neutral pH at the epithelial surfaces in stomach and duodenum, providing the first line of mucosal protection against luminal acid. The continuous adherent mucus layer is also a barrier to luminal pepsin, thereby protecting the underlying mucosa from proteolytic digestion. In this article we review the present state of the gastroduodenal mucus bicarbonate barrier two decades after the first supporting experimental evidence appeared. The primary function of the adherent mucus gel layer is a structural one to create a stable, unstirred layer to support surface neutralization of acid and act as a protective physical barrier against luminal pepsin. Therefore, the emphasis on mucus in this review is on the form and role of the adherent mucus gel layer. The primary function of the mucosal bicarbonate secretion is to neutralize acid diffusing into the mucus gel layer and to be quantitatively sufficient to maintain a near-neutral pH at the mucus-mucosal surface interface. The emphasis on mucosal bicarbonate in this review is on the mechanisms and control of its secretion and the establishment of a surface pH gradient. Evidence suggests that under normal physiological conditions, the mucus bicarbonate barrier is sufficient for protection of the gastric mucosa against acid and pepsin and is even more so for the duodenum.
Molecules with Helical Structure: How To Build a Molecular Spiral Staircase (2003)

Helical structures can be formed in different ways: In rigid molecules through steric interactions and in flexible molecules through intramolecular noncovalent interactions or through supramolecular associations.
Theory and design of optimum FIR compaction filters (1998)

The problem of optimum FIR energy compaction filter design for a given number of channels M and a filter order N is considered. The special cases where N<M and N=/spl infin/ have analytical solutions that involve eigenvector decomposition of the autocorrelation matrix and the power spectrum matrix, respectively. We deal with the more difficult case of M<N</spl infin/. For the two-channel case and for a restricted but important class of random processes, we give an analytical solution for the compaction filter that is characterized by its zeros on the unit circle. This also corresponds to the optimal two-channel FIR filter bank that maximizes the coding gain under the traditional quantization noise assumptions. With a minor extension, this can also be used to generate optimal wavelets. For the arbitrary M-channel case, we provide a very efficient suboptimal design method called the window method. The method involves two stages that are associated with the above two special cases. As the order increases, the suboptimality becomes negligible, and the filter converges to the ideal optimal solution. We compare the window method with a previously introduced technique based on linear programming.
ChemInform Abstract: UTILIZATION OF β,Γ‐UNSATURATED ALDEHYDE EQUIVALENTS IN THE SYNTHESIS OF SUBSTITUTED 2‐HALONICOTINIC ACID DERIVATIVES (1978)

Abstract Aus den ungesättigten Nitrilen (I) erhält man mit Orthoester (II) in Gegenwart von Zinkchlorid die Kondensationsprodukte (III) und (IV), die mit HBr zu den Z‐Brom‐pyridinen (V) cyclisiert werden.
Coaxing Solid‐State Phosphorescence from Tellurophenes (2014)

Abstract The synthesis of the first examples of tellurophenes exhibiting phosphorescence in the solid state and under ambient conditions (room temperature and in air) is reported. Each of these main‐group‐element‐based emitters feature pinacolboronates (BPin) as ring‐appended side groups. The nature of the luminescence observed was also investigated using computational methods.
TORSION TYPE FLAP GATE FOR DOCKS (1980)

Large repair docks came to be built to cope with increasing ship sizes, and those with such large gate spans as 80 m and 100 m have been built recently. In this paper, torsion type flap gates for docks designed to be suitable for long spans are introduced: (1) superior features of this type, (2) actual examples, (3) special design features, (4) method of installation, (5) results of measurement of stresses, and (6) maintenance and inspection.
The Effect of Water on the Transesterification Kinetics of Cotton Seed Oil with Ethanol (1999)

A kinetic model for the transesterification of a cotton seed oil with ethanol in the presence of water is proposed. The effect of water content in the reacting mixture on the transesterification reaction is studied. The dependence of the equilibrium constants and reaction rate constants on the water content is presented. Equilibrium was reached within less than 30 min reaction time in all cases. The increase of the water content results in decrease of the conversion level of the oil. By increasing the ethanol/oil ratio the conversion of triglyceride increases and the concentration of mono- and diglyceride in the product mixtures are reduced.
INSIGMA: an intelligent transportation system for urban mobility enhancement (2016)

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) aim to improve safety, mobility and environmental performance of road transport. The INSIGMA project provides a fresh look at the possible innovations in this field, by enhancing the functionality and accuracy of ITS in urban environments. This paper describes the architecture, sensors, processing algorithms, output modules and advantages of the developed system. A comparison of existing ITS systems has been provided as background. Special attention has been given to performance and privacy issues, as the system includes social aspects such as location monitoring.
Postanesthetic Complications in Military Hospitals. (1942)

No other journal can match Anesthesia & Analgesia for its original and significant contributions to the anesthesiology field. Each monthly issue features peer-reviewed articles reporting on the latest advances in drugs, preoperative preparation, patient monitoring, pain management, pathophysiology, and many other timely topics. Backed by internationally-known authorities who serve on the Editorial Board and as Section Editors, Anesthesia &Analgesia is your gateway to everything that is happening in anesthesia and 14 related subspecialties: Analgesia; Ambulatory Anesthesia; Anesthetic Pharmacology; Cardiovascular Anesthesia; Critical Care and Trauma; Economics, Education, and Policy; Neurosurgical Anesthesia; Obstetric Anesthesia; Pain Mechanisms; Pain Medicine; Pediatric Anesthesia; Regional Anesthesia; Patient Safety; and Technology, Computing and Simulation.
Designer Spin Pseudomolecule Implemented with Trapped Ions in a Magnetic Gradient (2012)

We report on the experimental investigation of an individual pseudomolecule using trapped ions with adjustable magnetically induced J-type coupling between spin states. Resonances of individual spins are well separated and are addressed with high fidelity. Quantum gates are carried out using microwave radiation in the presence of thermal excitation of the pseudomolecule's vibrations. Demonstrating controlled-NOT gates between non-nearest neighbors serves as a proof-of-principle of a quantum bus employing a spin chain. Combining advantageous features of nuclear magnetic resonance experiments and trapped ions, respectively, opens up a new avenue toward scalable quantum information processing.
A Simulation of a Virtual Qubits on a Classical Computer has Been Developed Recently (2011)

A simulation of virtual and randomly generated qubits in terms of an infinite number of analogical signals is performed. The quantum gates associated,with the random quantum computer are simulated through operational amplifiers. The present simulation satisfies the five Di Vincenzo requirements imposed to an operative quantum computer. Quantum measurement and entanglement are perfectly well accounted for. Within our approach, decoherence is not a problem since the time of execution of a gate is less than the calibration time of the operational amplifier. In short, the present simulation of a quantum computer in electronics signals and systems is complete and gives important information about the details on decoherence.
Self-checking ripple-carry adder with Ambipolar Silicon NanoWire FET (2013)

For the rapid adoption of new and aggressive technologies such as ambipolar Silicon NanoWire (SiNW), addressing fault-tolerance is necessary. Traditionally, transient fault detection implies large hardware overhead or performance decrease compared to permanent fault detection. In this paper, we focus on on-line testing and its application to ambipolar SiNW. We demonstrate on self-checking ripple-carry adder how ambipolar design style can help reduce the hardware overhead. When compared with equivalent CMOS process, ambipolar SiNW design shows a reduction in area of at least 56% (28%) with a decreased delay of 62% (6%) for Static (Transmission Gate) design style.
Expression of the Matrix Metalloproteases 2, 14, 24, and 25 and Tissue Inhibitor 3 as Potential Molecular Markers in Advanced Human Gastric Cancer (2014)

We consider that MMP2, MMP24, and MMP25 and the proteins MMP-14 and TIMP-3 could be candidates for prognostic molecular markers in GC.
Potentialities of a new positive photoresist for the realization of thick moulds (1999)

The fabrication of MEMS by using the technique of electrodeposition inside resist moulds has known a large development in recent years. Recently, Clariant has produced a new positive photoresist, AZ 9260 (500 cps), aimed at the realization of such thick moulds.