gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterizing the complex permittivity of high-κ dielectrics using enhanced field method (2015)

This paper proposed a method to characterize the complex permittivities of samples based on the enhancement of the electric field strength. The enhanced field method significantly improves the measuring range and accuracy of the samples' electrical properties. Full-wave simulations reveal that the resonant frequency is closely related to the dielectric constant of the sample. In addition, the loss tangent can be determined from the measured quality factor and the just obtained dielectric constant. Materials with low dielectric constant and very low loss tangent are measured for benchmarking and the measured results agree well with previous understanding. Interestingly, materials with extremely high dielectric constants (ε(r) > 50), such as titanium dioxide, calcium titanate, and strontium titanate, differ greatly as expected.
Additive manufacturing of periodic ceramic substrates for automotive catalyst supports (2017)

Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) has the potential to revolutionize engineering because of its advantages in the product development phase. The revolution consists in the new approach of components’ design by function and no longer by manufacturability. This is the motivation driving authors to design and realize by additive manufacturing a new catalyst support for automotive exhausts which is no longer constrained by the industrial manufacturing methods and thus allows an optimized flow of the exhaust gasses. This work presents a new class of periodic cellular ceramic substrates. To authors’ knowledge this is the first time such kind of structures are employed in the automotive field. After a review the different ceramic AM techniques which are currently utilized in the production of highly complex ceramic architectures, the most suited one was selected and several samples were produced by AM. They were finally characterized via microscopic analysis (SEM, CT) compression tests revealing the best printing configuration for their mechanical behavior.
Spectral Imaging for Remote Sensing (2003)

■ Spectral imaging for remote sensing of terrestrial features and objects arose as an alternative to high-spatial-resolution, large-aperture satellite imaging systems. Early applications of spectral imaging were oriented toward ground-cover classification, mineral exploration, and agricultural assessment, employing a small number of carefully chosen spectral bands spread across the visible and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Improved versions of these early multispectral imaging sensors continue in use today. A new class of sensor, the hyperspectral imager, has also emerged, employing hundreds of contiguous bands to detect and identify a variety of natural and man-made materials. This overview article introduces the fundamental elements of spectral imaging and discusses the historical evolution of both the sensors and the target detection and classification applications.
The Sucker-rod Pump as a Problem in Elasticity (1937)

This paper is a progress report of a study the authors are making of thesucker-rod pump, considered as a vibrating system with one degree of freedom, with forced vibrations and with viscous damping. Dr. S. Timoshenko's formula isgiven, defining such a system. Each factor is considered in respect to theproblem of operating sucker rods, and the zone is pointed out in which themathematics do not apply to the sucker-rod pump, because of its variable mass.This general theory is interpreted in the light of nearly two years of testingwells in the field, and correlating the results of other tests. The motion of the pumping mechanism is a vibration. The string of sucker rodsvibrates with a natural frequency. The motion of the plunger is the result ofadding together these two vibrations, and is modified by a damping or frictionfactor. The controlling factor appears to be the ratio of the period of thenatural vibration of the rod string to the period of the vibration of the pump.The first conclusion is that a definite value of this ratio, which is belowresonance and is probably not greater than 0.5, should not be exceeded in orderto assure satisfactory performance from the sucker rods. The second conclusionis that the component parts of the pumping equipment should be selected to givethe smallest practical period of the natural vibration, and when this does notpermit operation at a safe speed and give the required plunger displacement, alonger polished-rod stroke should be used. While the quantitative results are but rough approximations, the qualitativeanalysis of pumping problems on this basis promises to be of considerable valuein diagnosing the cause of poor performance and prescribing suitableremedies. The trouble that results, whenever it becomes necessary to crowd the sucker-rodpump, to take potentials or to handle increasing volumes of water, isresponsible for the belief that this type of pump is not equal to present dayneeds, and that it is only a question of time before some other pumping devicewill take its place.
Effective Moment of Inertia for Calculating Deflections of Concrete Members Containing Steel Reinforcement and Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Reinforcement (2007)

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The Gum San Museum: Inclusion by Virtue of Otherness (2009)

The Gum San Museum is a Chinese Heritage Centre located in Ararat, Victoria. It tells the story of the Chinese miners who 'founded' the town in 1857. This article examines the museum's representations of Chineseness. It will be argued that the museum Orientalises the town's Chinese heritage, and in so doing, excludes Chinese Australian communities. This will be shown by interrogating the museum's architecture, statues of the Chinese miner and other historical representations.
New dioxo–molybdenum(vi) and –tungsten(vi) complexes with N-capped tripodal N2O2 tetradentate ligands: Synthesis, structures and catalytic activities towards olefin epoxidation (2010)

A series of N₂O₂ tripodal tetradentate ligands derived from di-/tetra-tert-butyl substituted 2-[bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)aminomethyl]X (X = pyridine and benzimidazole) (H₂L(n) (n = 1-4)) and 8-[bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)]aminoquinoline (H₂L⁵) were synthesised through a 4-step reaction scheme involving sequential formylation, reduction, bromination and alkylation. Treatment of H₂L(n) (n = 1-5) with [WO₂Cl₂(dme)] (dme = 1,2-dimethoxyethane) in the presence of triethylamine gave the corresponding cis-dioxotungsten(VI) complexes [WO₂(L(n))] (n = 1-5). The corresponding molybdenum analogues [MoO₂(L(n))] (n = 1-5) were also prepared from the reaction of [MoO₂(acac)₂] (acac = acetylacetonate) with H₂L(n) (n = 1-3) or [MoO₂Cl₂(dme)] (dme = 1,2-dimethoxyethane) with H₂L(n) (n = 4 and 5). All these compounds were fully characterised by a wide range of spectroscopic methods. The molecular structures of [MoO₂(L(n))] (n = 2, 4) and [WO₂(L²)] were also confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The catalytic activities of [MO₂(L(n))] (M = Mo, W; n = 1-4) towards epoxidation of styrene were also examined.
Secure Hierarchical Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks (2009)

Communication in wireless sensor networks uses the majority of a sensor's limited energy. Using aggregation in wireless sensor network reduces the overall communication cost. Security in wireless sensor networks entails many different challenges. Traditional end-to-end security is not suitable for use with in-network aggregation. A corrupted sensor has access to the data and can falsify results. Additively homomorphic encryption allows for aggregation of encrypted values, with the result being the same as the result when unencrypted data was aggregated. Using public key cryptography, digital signatures can be used to achieve integrity. We propose a new algorithm using homomorphic encryption and additive digital signatures to achieve confidentiality, integrity and availability for in-network aggregation in wireless sensor networks. We prove that our digital signature algorithm which is based on the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ECDSA) is as secure as ECDSA.
Pluripotent stem cells in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases (2010)

Most of our current knowledge about cellular phenotypes in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases in humans was gathered from studies in postmortem brain tissues. These samples often represent the end-stage of the disease and therefore are not always a fair representation of how the disease developed. Moreover, under these circumstances, the pathology observed could be a secondary effect rather than the authentic disease cellular phenotype. Likewise, the rodent models available do not always recapitulate the pathology from human diseases. In this review, we will examine recent literature on the use of induced pluripotent stem cells to model neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. We highlight the characteristics of diseases like spinal muscular atrophy and familial dysautonomia that allowed partial modeling of the disease phenotype. We review human stem cell literature on common neurodegenerative late-onset diseases such as Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis where patients' cells have been successfully reprogrammed but a disease phenotype has not yet been described. So far, the technique is of great interest for early onset monogenetic neurodevelopmental diseases. We speculate about potential further experimental requirements and settings for reprogrammed neurons for in vitro disease modeling and drug discovery.
Proton-transfer polyaddition reactions in syntheses of linear, branched, and functionalized poly(p-divinyl aromatics). I. Synthesis, kinetics, and mechanism of formation of linear unsaturated poly[bis(p-vinylphenyl) ether] (1996)

A peculiar step-growth (cationic) polymerization of bis(p-vinylphenyl) ether (BVPE) in nonpolar or slightly polar aromatic solvents in the temperature range from 70 to 150°C in the presence of 2.5–5.0 mmol/L of p-toluenesulfonic acid has been studied. Optimum polymerization conditions were found. New linear unsaturated polymers of BVPE with terminal vinyl groups and weight-average molecular weight from 1500 to 10,000 were obtained. The structure and the formation mechanism of these oligomers and polymers were established, and the accompanying side reactions were considered. The rate constants were measured for eight temperatures, and the activation energy was found to be −42 kJ/mol. The optimum polymerization temperature was about 80°C. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Non-thermal Plasma Activates Human Keratinocytes by Stimulation of Antioxidant and Phase II Pathways (2015)

Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma provides a novel therapeutic opportunity to control redox-based processes, e.g. wound healing, cancer, and inflammatory diseases. By spatial and time-resolved delivery of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, it allows stimulation or inhibition of cellular processes in biological systems. Our data show that both gene and protein expression is highly affected by non-thermal plasma. Nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (NRF2) and phase II enzyme pathway components were found to act as key controllers orchestrating the cellular response in keratinocytes. Additionally, glutathione metabolism, which is a marker for NRF2-related signaling events, was affected. Among the most robustly increased genes and proteins, heme oxygenase 1, NADPH-quinone oxidoreductase 1, and growth factors were found. The roles of NRF2 targets, investigated by siRNA silencing, revealed that NRF2 acts as an important switch for sensing oxidative stress events. Moreover, the influence of non-thermal plasma on the NRF2 pathway prepares cells against exogenic noxae and increases their resilience against oxidative species. Via paracrine mechanisms, distant cells benefit from cell-cell communication. The finding that non-thermal plasma triggers hormesis-like processes in keratinocytes facilitates the understanding of plasma-tissue interaction and its clinical application.
Automatic detection of concealed dielectric objects for personnel imaging (2009)

A technique for the automatic detection of concealed dielectric objects carried by persons is presented. The method is applicable for microwave personnel scanners with sufficient signal bandwidth and is expected to resolve the trade-off with the privacy of the scanned persons, allowing for efficient detection without the need for a human operator. Algorithm description along with measurement results in W-band are presented.
Clinical effectiveness of an integrated care pathway for infants with bronchiolitis (2004)

Sue Peter and Mike Fazakerley report on an audit that demonstrated the benefits of a bronchiolitis care pathway and the importance of pathway design
Investigation of a photodefinable glass substrate for millimeter-wave radios on package (2014)

Photodefinable glass has been investigated for applications at mm-wave frequencies. Test structures including through-glass vias, transmission lines and microstrip patch antennas have been fabricated and fully characterized up to 67 GHz. Good correlation was obtained between simulation and measurements. The antenna exhibited return loss better than 10 dB in the frequency band of interest. Via transition losses were less than 0.15 dB/via and the transmission line insertion loss was ∼ 3.3 dB/cm at 60 GHz.
Aggregate G-buffer anti-aliasing (2015)

We present Aggregate G-Buffer Anti-Aliasing (AGAA), a new technique for efficient anti-aliased deferred rendering of complex geometry using modern graphics hardware. In geometrically complex situations, where many surfaces intersect a pixel, current rendering systems shade each contributing surface at least once per pixel. As the sample density and geometric complexity increase, the shading cost becomes prohibitive for real-time rendering. Under deferred shading, so does the required framebuffer memory. AGAA uses the rasterization pipeline to generate a compact, pre-filtered geometric representation inside each pixel. We then shade this at a fixed rate, independent of geometric complexity. By decoupling shading rate from geometric sampling rate, the algorithm reduces the storage and bandwidth costs of a geometry buffer, and allows scaling to high visibility sampling rates for anti-aliasing. AGAA with 2 aggregate surfaces per-pixel generates results comparable to 8x MSAA, but requires 30% less memory (45% savings for 16x MSAA), and is up to 1.3x faster.
Molten Nitrate Salt Development for Thermal Energy Storage in Parabolic Trough Solar Power Systems (2008)

Thermal energy storage can enhance the utility of parabolic trough solar power plants by providing the ability to match electrical output to peak demand periods. An important component of thermal energy storage system optimization is selecting the working fluid used as the storage media and/or heat transfer fluid. Large quantities of the working fluid are required for power plants at the scale of 100-MW, so maximizing heat transfer fluid performance while minimizing material cost is important. This paper reports recent developments of multi-component molten salt formulations consisting of common alkali nitrate and alkaline earth nitrate salts that have advantageous properties for applications as heat transfer fluids in parabolic trough systems. A primary disadvantage of molten salt heat transfer fluids is relatively high freeze-onset temperature compared to organic heat transfer oil. Experimental results are reported for formulations of inorganic molten salt mixtures that display freeze-onset temperatures below 100°C. In addition to phase-change behavior, several properties of these molten salts that significantly affect their suitability as thermal energy storage fluids were evaluated, including chemical stability and viscosity. These alternative molten salts have demonstrated chemical stability in the presence of air up to approximately 500°C in laboratory testing and display chemical equilibrium behavior similar to Solar Salt. The capability to operate at temperatures up to 500°C may allow an increase in maximum temperature operating capability vs. organic fluids in existing trough systems and will enable increased power cycle efficiency. Experimental measurements of viscosity were performed from near the freeze-onset temperature to about 200°C. Viscosities can exceed 100 cP at the lowest temperature but are less than 10 cP in the primary temperature range at which the mixtures would be used in a thermal energy storage system. Quantitative cost figures of constituent salts and blends are not currently available, although, these molten salt mixtures are expected to be inexpensive compared to synthetic organic heat transfer fluids. Experiments are in progress to confirm that the corrosion behavior of readily available alloys is satisfactory for long-term use.
Depth Perception as a Function of Age (1972)

Binocular depth perception was investigated in 164 healthy Ss of the Normative Aging Study, in connection with a model of ocular aging which explains change in the dioptric media in the forties on the basis of mechanical change and later vchange in the retina on the basis of metabolic change. A modified Verhoeff stereopter was used. The results showed a marked diminution to make stereoptic judgments occurred in the forties decade. This is in accordance with the model. In a companion paper, retinal field shrinkage will be explored as an illustration of later metabolic age change.
The perioperative effectiveness of popliteal sciatic block for patients undergoing bunion surgery (2017)

背景：接受踝及足關節手術的病患常在術後感到中度到嚴重的疼痛，膕窩坐骨神經阻斷術兼具術中麻醉與術後止痛。此研究之目的在於比較兩種不同的麻醉方法在拇指外翻手術的效果。方法：病患被隨機分配到神經阻斷組以及全身麻醉組。神經阻斷組(n=32)接受超音波導引膕窩坐骨神經阻斷以及propofol標靶輸注。全身麻醉組(n=37)放置喉頭面罩使用sevoflurane麻醉。術中視病患需求給予麻啡類藥物。我們將病患基本資料，麻醉參數及術後恢復紀錄(疼痛，術後合併症，止痛藥使用以及病患滿意度)做紀錄並比較。結果：比起全身麻醉，神經阻斷術能夠給予接受拇指外翻手術的病患更好的術後恢復。神經阻斷術組的病患術中需要的鴉片類止痛藥人數較全身麻醉組少(15/32，47%與37/37，100%，p ＜0.001)。在恢復室的疼痛程度，神經阻斷術組也比全身麻醉組低(2.0 ± 1.8與 3.3 ± 1.4, p＜0.01)。神經阻斷術組在恢復室需要鴉片類止痛藥的人敷也比全身麻醉組少(9/31，29%與27/37，73%，p＜0.001)。此外，神經阻斷術組發生數後噁心喔吐的機率也比全身麻醉組低(5/31，16%與15/37，41%，p=0.03)。結論：對於接受拇指外翻手術的病患，超音波導引之膕窩坐骨神經阻斷術比全身麻醉更能有效減少術後疼痛以及不良反應。
Foreign patients not a problem: International health care without a passport (1996)

Few would imagine Indiana resembles the land of the rising sun. More than likely it conjures images of farms and speedways. But to AAP President-elect Robert Hannemann, M.D., practicing medicine in the Hoosier state has allowed him to explore a kind of domestic international medicine, particularly when caring for the 100 to 150 Japanes9e children who seek care in his practice courtesy of a Subaru-Isuzu plant in town. In his Lafayette, Ind., practice serving patients who come from a semi-rural cosmopolitan area, Dr. Hannemann has learned to overcome language and cultural barriers and better himself as a pediatrician in the process.
The Preparation of Some Pyridazonyl Acids (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of Some Pyridazonyl AcidsJohn A. King and Freeman H. McMillanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 13, 3222–3224Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01133a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01133a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views103Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Chemistry of Organic Derivatives of Gold and Silver (1999)

General and Theoretical Aspects of Organic Gold Compounds (T. Hoz & H. Basch). M?ssbauer Spectroscopy with Gold Compounds (R. Parish). Thermochemistry of the Organometallic Compounds of Silver and Gold (J. Liebman, et al.). NMR and ESR Spectroscopy Applied to Gold and Silver Compounds (C. Shaw). The Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Organic Derivatives of Gold and Silver (I. Novak). Analytical Aspects of Organogold and Organosilver Compounds (J. Zabicky & S. Grinberg). Synthesis and Uses of Organosilver Compounds (H. Schmidbaur, et al.). The Electrochemistry of Gold and Silver Complexes (A. Mohamed, et al.). The Organic Photochemistry of Silver and Gold (W. Horspool). Pyrolysis of Organic Derivatives of Silver and Gold (R. Aitken). Acidity, Basicity and H Bonds (T. Klap?tke). Rearrangement of Gold and Silver Complexes (S. Wang & J. Fackler). Syntheses and Uses of Isotopically Labelled Compounds of Silver and Gold (M. Zielinski, et al.). Gold-thiol Self-Assembled Monolayers (V. Chechick & C. Stirling). Medicinal Chemistry of Organogold Compounds (S. Fricker). Indexes.
Algorithms for scheduling of hidden Markov model sensors (2003)

Consider the hidden Markov model estimation problem where the realization of a single Markov chain is observed by a number of noisy sensors. The sensor scheduling problem for the resulting hidden Markov model is as follows: design an optimal algorithm for selecting at each time instant, one of the many sensors to provide the next measurement. Each measurement has an associated measurement cost. The problem is to select an optimal measurement scheduling policy, so as to minimize a cost function of estimation errors and measurement costs.
Effect of Gaseous Chlorine Dioxide on Indoor Microbial Contaminants (2008)

Traditional and modern techniques for bioaerosol enumeration were used to evaluate the relative efficiency of gaseous chlorine dioxide (ClO2) in reducing the indoor microbial contamination under field and laboratory conditions. The field study was performed in a highly microbially contaminated house, which had had an undetected roof leak for an extended period of time and exhibited large areas of visible microbial growth. Air concentrations of culturable fungi and bacteria, total fungi determined by microscopic count and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, endotoxin, and (1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucan were determined before and after the house was tented and treated with ClO2. The laboratory study was designed to evaluate the efficiency of ClO2 treatment against known concentrations of spores of Aspergillus versicolor and Stachybotrys chartarum on filter paper (surrogate for surface treatment). These species are commonly found in damp indoor environments and were detected in the field study. Upon analysis of the environmental data from the treated house, it was found that the culturable bacteria and fungi as well as total count of fungi (as determined by microscopic count and PCR) were decreased at least 85% after the ClO2 application. However, microscopic analyses of tape samples collected from surfaces after treatment showed that the fungal structures were still present on surfaces. There was no statistically significant change in airborne endotoxin and (1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucan concentration in the field study. The laboratory study supported these results and showed a nonsignificant increase in the concentration of (1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucan after ClO2 treatment.