gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gonadal Steroid Regulation of Substance P (SP) and SP-Encoding Messenger Ribonucleic Acids in the Rat Anterior Pituitary and Hypothalamus* (1990)

Substance P-like immunoreactivity (SP-LI) is present in the rat anterior pituitary (AP) and in hypothalamic neurons that may be involved in the control of AP secretion and/or reproductive function. The presence of multiple SP-encoding mRNAs and tachykinin peptides and their regulation by steroid hormones were examined in APs and hypothalami from normal, gonadectomized, and steroid-treated male and female rats. SP-encoding mRNAs were identified by nuclease protection assays of RNA, and tachykinin peptides were identified by combined HPLC-RIA of tissue extracts, beta- and gamma-preprotachykinin (PPT) mRNAs and SP, neurokinin A, and neuropeptide gamma peptides were identified in the AP. The alpha-, beta-, and gamma-PPT mRNAs and SP, neurokinin A, neuropeptide gamma, neuropeptide K, and neurokinin B peptides were present in hypothalamic tissue. Previous studies have established that in the AP, SP is differentially regulated by gonadal steroids; estrogen decreases and androgen increases AP SP. Steroid effects were further analyzed in experiments using RIAs to measure SP levels in the AP and median eminence (ME) of steroid- and oil-treated gonadectomized rats. To assess whether steroids alter steady state PPT mRNA levels and presumably SP synthesis in these tissues, potential effects on AP and hypothalamic SP-encoding mRNAs were determined. Ovariectomized rats treated for 10 days with estradiol benzoate showed a 50% decrease in AP SP and a 90% decrease in AP beta- and gamma-PPT mRNAs compared to ovariectomized oil-treated controls. Estradiol benzoate replacement had no effect on SP levels in the isolated ME, but did cause a 50% increase in alpha-, beta-, and gamma PPT mRNAs in the hypothalamus. Although there was no significant effect of testosterone propionate on AP SP levels in castrated males, 10 days of testosterone propionate replacement did cause a significant increase in beta- and gamma PPT mRNAs in the AP. No androgen effects were seen on either ME SP or hypothalamic SP-encoding mRNAs. These data demonstrate that estrogen up-regulates SP-encoding mRNAs in the hypothalamus, whereas it down-regulates SP-encoding mRNAs in the pituitary. These results implicate SP and other tachykinins derived from the SP gene as steroid-regulated modulators of AP secretion and possibly reproductive function.
Energy-Efficient Uplink Multi-User MIMO (2013)

This paper addresses optimal energy-efficient design for uplink (UL) MU-MIMO in a single cell environment. The energy efficiency is measured by throughput per Joule, while both RF transmission power and device electronic circuit power are considered. We define the energy efficiency (EE) capacity for UL MU-MIMO and study the power allocation that achieves this capacity. First we assume all users consume a fixed amount of circuit power and show that user antennas should be used only when the corresponding spatial channels are sufficiently good and using them improves the overall network EE. Mobile devices may have improved circuit management capability and turn off circuit operations when some antennas are not used to reduce circuit power consumption. Therefore we further study energy-efficient UL MU-MIMO with improved circuit management and show that some antennas should not be used even when their channel states are good because turning them on consumes too much circuit power. Based on theoretical analysis, we further develop low-complexity yet globally optimal energy-efficient power allocation algorithms that converge to the optimum exponentially. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the significant gain in network energy efficiency.
Finding Nature’s Missing Ternary Oxide Compounds Using Machine Learning and Density Functional Theory (2010)

Finding new compounds and their crystal structures is an essential step to new materials discoveries. We demonstrate how this search can be accelerated using a combination of machine learning techniques and high-throughput ab initio computations. Using a probabilistic model built on an experimental crystal structure database, novel compositions that are most likely to form a compound, and their most-probable crystal structures, are identified and tested for stability by ab initio computations. We performed such a large-scale search for new ternary oxides, discovering 209 new compounds with a limited computational budget. A list of these predicted compounds is provided, and we discuss the chemistries in which high discovery rates can be expected.
ChemInform Abstract: Mannich/Friedel‐Crafts Preparations of 1‐(Arylmethyl)benzotriazoles and Synthetic Transformations of Their Lithio Derivatives. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A large-scan-angle piezoelectric MEMS optical scanner actuated by a Nb-doped PZT thin film (2013)

Resonant 1D microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) optical scanners actuated by piezoelectric unimorph actuators with a Nb-doped lead zirconate titanate (PNZT) thin film were developed for endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) application. The MEMS scanners were designed as the resonance frequency was less than 125 Hz to obtain enough pixels per frame in OCT images. The device size was within 3.4 mm × 2.5 mm, which is compact enough to be installed in a side-imaging probe with 4 mm inner diameter. The fabrication process started with a silicon-on-insulator wafer, followed by PNZT deposition by the Rf sputtering and Si bulk micromachining process. The fabricated MEMS scanners showed maximum optical scan angles of 146° at 90 Hz, 148° at 124 Hz, 162° at 180 Hz, and 152° at 394 Hz at resonance in atmospheric pressure. Such wide scan angles were obtained by a drive voltage below 1.3 Vpp, ensuring intrinsic safety in in vivo uses. The scanner with the unpoled PNZT film showed three times as large a scan angle as that with a poled PZT films. A swept-source OCT system was constructed using the fabricated MEMS scanner, and cross-sectional images of a fingertip with image widths of 4.6 and 2.3 mm were acquired. In addition, a PNZT-based angle sensor was studied for feedback operation.
Security Proof of AugPAKE. (2010)

Abstract. In this paper, we show that the AugPAKE protocol [16] provides the semantic security of session keys under the strong Diffie-Hellman (SDH) assumption in the random oracle model. Key words: PAKE, on-line/off-line dictionary attacks, provable security, SDH, random oracle 1
Studies on Vitamin B6 Metabolism in Microorganisms Part XI (1972)

The extracellular formation of vitamin B6 was searched in marine and terrestrial microorganisms. Two bacterial strains were selected and were identified as Vibrio andFlavobacterium, respectively. Marine microorganisms showed the considerable formation of vitamin B6 and the presence of vitamin B6 in sea water was also recognized. The cultural and reaction conditions for vitamin B6 formation by these strains were investigated. Glycerol was commonly the most effective compound on vitamin B6 formation among the compounds tested. It was suggested that both bacteria did not have the control system on vitamin B6 biosynthesis by the amount of possible end products.
The Trajectory of Gait Speed Preceding Mild Cognitive Impairment (2010)

Motor decline as indexed by gait speed accelerates up to 12 years before MCI. Longitudinal changes in motor function may be useful in the early detection of dementia during preclinical stages, when the utility of disease-modifying therapies would be greatest.
Determination of Diffusion Coefficients of Dopants in Wet Gels During Leaching (1988)

Diffusion of germanium and titanium ions during the leaching of GeO 2 ‐SiO 2 wet gel in water and TiO 2 ‐SiO 2 wet gel in HCl was studied. The gels were densified by heating, and the composition profiles of the densified glasses were observed with a transmission interference microscope. In order to calculate the apparent diffusion coefficients, the observed results were fitted to a solution of the diffusion equation. The diffusion coefficients for germanium and titanium ions in the gels are about 3.0×10 −6 and 1.1×10 −6 cm 2 /s, respectively.
CITI code based on PR1 equalized level for perpendicular recording (2005)

In high density perpendicular recording the reduction techniques of the inter-track interference is important. In this paper, we investigate a new CITI code based on the equalized level of class-1 partial response (PR1), which is the simplest PR system whose polynomial is represented by only positive coefficients. The constructive inter-track interference code for the PR1 equalization in perpendicular recording was discussed. The results show that the proposed system exhibits better BER performance than the conventional one.
Validation of CADESI‐03, a severity scale for clinical trials enrolling dogs with atopic dermatitis (2007)

Abstract In dogs, atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common and chronic allergic skin disease that often necessitates treatment with pharmacological interventions. In the last 30 years, numerous clinical trials testing the efficacy of anti‐inflammatory drugs have been reported, but there has been a lack of consistency in the assessment of outcome measures. Several clinical scales have been employed over time, but none of these scoring systems were ever tested for validity and reliability. A committee of the International Task Force on Canine Atopic Dermatitis evaluated the currently available scales used to assess disease morbidity in humans and dogs with AD, and a third version of the Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (CADESI‐03) was designed. This version was expanded from previous ones by redistribution and increase in body sites tested, the use of an additional lesion reflecting underlying pruritus (e.g. self‐induced alopecia) and an increase in the numerical range of severity for each lesion. The CADESI‐03 scale was tested for validity and reliability in a cohort of 38 dogs with AD. Overall, this revised version of the CADESI was found to exhibit acceptable content, construct, criterion, and inter‐ and intra‐observer reliability and sensitivity to change. As a result, this scale is recommended as a validated tool for assessment of disease severity in clinical trials testing the efficacy of interventions in dogs with AD.
Antiherpesvirus activity and mechanism of action of indolo-(2,3-b)quinoxaline and analogs (1988)

The antiherpesvirus activity of 14 derivatives of indoloquinoxaline was tested. The most active was 2,3-dimethyl(dimethylaminoethyl)5H-indolo-(2,3-b)quinoxaline, also called B-220. The antiherpesvirus mechanism of B-220 was sought. The compound inhibited replication of herpes simplex virus type 1, cytomegalovirus, and varicella-zoster virus in tissue culture at concentrations of 1 to 5 microM, depending on the cell type used for assay and the amount of virus. Cellular toxicity was seen at a concentration of 10 to 30 microM, and antiviral activity in the human bladder cancer and human embryonic lung fibroblast cell lines tested was found at concentrations 3 to 15 times lower than the concentrations causing cellular toxicity. Viral DNA synthesis, as well as production of early and late viral proteins, was inhibited at 0.5 to 4.5 microM B-220, but viral DNA polymerases tested in vitro were not inhibited at these concentrations. There was no interaction with the pyrophosphate analog foscarnet, and no reversal of the antiviral activity of B-220 occurred with naturally occurring nucleosides. We conclude that the antiviral effect depends on the multiplicity of infection and may occur at the level of viral DNA synthesis and that no interference occurs with pyrophosphate analogs or nucleosides. The more potent activity against viral DNA than against cellular DNA may be caused by a true selectivity for herpesvirus DNA or by the higher metabolism of viral DNA in infected cells.
New materials and devices for thermoelectric applications (1997)

New high efficiency thermoelectric materials with ZT values substantially larger than 1.0 have been recently developed. The successful development of a segmented thermoelectric generator utilizing a combination of state-of-the-art thermoelectric materials and these novel thermoelectric materials could result in a high thermal-to-electric materials conversion efficiency over 19%. This is because the new thermoelectric materials have a higher average ZT value and the generator can be operated in a temperature range wider than possible with state-of-the-art (SOA) materials. Such improved power generators could be used for a variety of applications including waste heat recovery. This could also lead to the development of high performance thermoelectric generators operating in a relatively narrow temperature range for specific applications. However, there are also new low power and thermal management applications for small thermoelectric devices using SOA materials. If more efficient thermoelectric materials are incorporated, the performance of these new devices will be even higher.
pan dian xia ri li de kuai le shi pin (2013)

1香蕉研究发现,血清素是一种抑制性神经递质,人体内血清素水平升高能改善睡眠,让人镇静,减少急躁情绪,给人带来愉悦感和幸福感。动物实验发现,当动物体内的血清素含量升高时,它们互相攻击的行为会明显减少。当血清素水平降低时,注意力难以集中,并伴有压力和厌倦感,甚至会引起抑郁。香蕉内含有生物碱,可振奋精神和
The <i>Arabidopsis</i> class I TCP transcription factor AtTCP11 is a developmental regulator with distinct DNA-binding properties due to the presence of a threonine residue at position 15 of the TCP domain (2011)

The TCP domain is a DNA-binding domain present in plant transcription factors that modulate different processes. In the present study, we show that Arabidopsis class I TCP proteins are able to interact with a dyad-symmetric sequence composed of two GTGGG half-sites. TCP20 establishes symmetric interactions with the 5' half of each strand, whereas TCP11 interacts mainly with the 3' half. SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) experiments with TCP15 and TCP20 indicated that these proteins have similar, although not identical, DNA-binding preferences and are able to interact with non-palindromic binding sites of the type GTGGGNCCNN. TCP11 shows a different DNA-binding specificity, with a preference for the sequence GTGGGCCNNN. The distinct DNA-binding properties of TCP11 are due to the presence of a threonine residue at position 15 of the TCP domain, a position that is occupied by an arginine residue in most TCP proteins. TCP11 also forms heterodimers with TCP15 that have increased DNA-binding efficiency. The expression in plants of a repressor form of TCP11 demonstrated that this protein is a developmental regulator that influences the growth of leaves, stems and petioles, and pollen development. The results suggest that changes in DNA-binding preferences may be one of the mechanisms through which class I TCP proteins achieve functional specificity.
Ethics and Human Rights Issues Experienced by Psychiatric-Mental Health and Substance Abuse Registered Nurses (2003)

BACKGROUND: The ethics and human rights issues experienced by psychiatric-mental health and substance-abuse registered nurses (P-MH and SA RNs) and how disturbed they are by the issues are not known. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify the frequency of ethics and human rights issues experienced by P-MH and SA RNs and how disturbing the issues are to them. STUDY DESIGN: Using Dillman’s (1978) Total Design Method, a survey of more than 8,000 RNs in six New England states was conducted. From the final sample size of 2,090 New England RN participants, responses from 162 participants who identified themselves as P-MH(n = 145) or SA (n = 17) RNs were further analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Protecting patients’ rights and human dignity and providing nursing care with possible health risks to the RN were identified as the most frequently experienced ethics and human rights issues. Staffing patterns that limit patient access to nursing care and implementing managed care policies that threaten the quality of patient care were identified as the most disturbing issues. Forty-one percent of the RNs reported experiencing ethics and human rights issues daily or one to four times per week in their clinical practices. CONCLUSIONS: P-MH and SA RNs in New England encounter ethics and human rights issues in practice more frequently than all other RNs practicing in New England.
Effect of Oligosaccharide-Free Soybean Meal on True Metabolizable Energy and Fiber Digestion in Adult Roosters (1990)

Adult Leghorn roosters were precision-fed 44% protein soybean meal (SBM) or 80% ethanol-extracted soybean meal (ESBM) to determine nutritional differences due to the removal of oligosaccharides. Dry-matter digestibility and TMEn as well as apparent hemicellulose and cellulose digestion were determined. The transit time, rate of passage, and pH of the cecal contents were also established with roosters that had consumed a .3% chromic-oxide diet that contained SBM or ESBM. The protein content of the SBM and the ESBM was 46.1 and 64.4%, respectively. The true-dry matter digestibility of SBM was 54%. The TMEn of the SBM on a dry-matter basis was 2,794 kcal per kg; and the apparent hemicellulose and cellulose digestibility was 9% and 0%, respectively. The true dry-matter digestibility of the ESBM was 67%. On a dry-matter basis, the TMEn of the ESBM was 3,368 kcal per kg; and the apparent hemicellulose and cellulose digestibility was 62% and 35%, respectively. Oligosaccharide digestion occurred mainly anterior to the ileo-cecal junction. Hemicellulose and cellulose digestion occurred predominantly in the lower gastrointestinal tract. The transit time for the ESBM diet was 115 min, compared to 71 min for the SBM diet. Based on a 16-h collection of excreta, the rate of passage was approximately 50% slower for the ESBM diet than for the SBM diet. The pH of the cecal contents from roosters consuming the ESBM diet was 7.21 versus 6.51 for the SBM diet.
SiC–SiO<sub>2</sub>–C Coaxial Nanocables and Chains of Carbon Nanotube–SiC Heterojunctions (2004)

Coaxial nanocables composed of a uniform single‐crystalline β‐SiC core, an amorphous SiO 2 intermediate layer, and a graphitic carbon sheath (see Figure) have been synthesized via a simple chemical vapor deposition route. By annealing the nanocables, chains of carbon nanotube–SiC heterojunctions have been prepared. These nanostructures are suggested to be highly valuable as building blocks for nanoscale electronic devices.
Selective Alterations in Organ Sizes in Mice with a Targeted Disruption of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-2 Gene (2000)

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) is one member of the family of IGF binding proteins believed to have both endocrine functions elicited by modulating serum IGF half-life and transport as well as autocrine/paracrine functions that result from blocking or enhancing the availability of IGFs to bind cell surface receptors. To clarify the in vivo role of IGFBP-2, we have used gene targeting to introduce a null IGFBP-2 allele into the mouse genome. Animals homozygous for the altered allele are viable and fertile, contain no IGFBP-2 mRNA, and have no detectable IGFBP-2 in the adult circulation. Heterozygous and homozygous animals showed no significant differences in prenatal or postnatal body growth. Analyses of organ weights in adult males, however, revealed that spleen weight was reduced and liver weight was increased in the absence of IGFBP-2. In addition, ligand blot analyses of sera from adult IGFBP-2 null males showed that IGFBP-1, IGFBP-3, and IGFBP-4 levels were increased relative to wild-type mice. These results demonstrate that up-regulation of multiple IGFBPs accompanies the absence of IGFBP-2 and that IGFBP-2 has a critical role, either directly or indirectly, in modulating spleen and liver size.
Selective ablation of rat knee joint innervation with injected immunotoxin: A potential new model for the study of neuropathic arthritis (1997)

Abstract Neuropathic arthropathy is a severe chronic degenerative condition associated with decreased or absent I sensory innervation of the involved joint. Existing animal models of neuropathic arthritis are limited by the technical difficulties of obtaining either highly selective or complete joint denervation in a minimally invasive fashion. We undertook experiments to determine the feasibility of using the newly described method of selective neuronal lesioning with injected immunotoxin as a means of creating a more tractable model of neuropathic arthritis. Retrograde tracing with fluorochrome revealed that the knee joint of the female Wistar rat is supplied by 581 ± 31 (mean ± SD) joint afferents. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that virtually all sensory neurons in the rat express the cell surface receptor Thy I. Injection of rat knee joints with an immunotoxin targeted toward Thy 1 resulted in the selective ablation of an average of 88% of the joint afferents identified with fluorochroime that are normally found in the ipsilateral L3 and L4 ganglia.
New data on the phase-matching properties of KNbO/sub 3/ (2003)

Summary form only given. Although KNbO/sub 3/ is transparent to 5.6 /spl mu/m, there are no refractive indices data at wavelengths longer than 3 /spl mu/m in this material. In order to evaluate its potential for mid-IR parametric oscillation pumped by 2 /spl mu/m laser, we have measured the phase-matching conditions for type-1 second-harmonic (SHG) and sum-frequency generation (SFG) of the harmonics of a CO/sub 2/ laser. We report the improved Sellmeier's equations which reproduce well the phase-matching angles for SHG and SFG in the 1.7652-5.2955 /spl mu/m range.
Inflammatory debate: The brave new world of rheumatoid arthritis management (2007)

IT IS A chronic, autoimmune disease where inflammation of synovial tissue in peripheral joints leads to progressive and irreversible joint destruction, loss of mobility and pain. Primary targets are metatarsophalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints, with later involvement of medium size joints -- e.g. ankles and wrists and larger joints such as knees. Joint pain and stiffness is worse on waking and can be relieved by activity. Typical systemic symptoms include malaise, fever, weight loss and anorexia.
The contribution of the DFNB1 locus to neurosensory deafness in a Caucasian population. (1995)

Classical studies have demonstrated genetic heterogeneity for nonsyndromic autosomal recessive congenital neurosensory deafness, with at least six loci postulated. Linkage analysis in two consanguineous Tunisian kindreds has demonstrated that one such deafness locus, DFNB1, maps near chromosome 13 markers D13S175, D13S143, and D13S115. We tested these markers for cosegregation with deafness in 18 New Zealand and 1 Australian nonconsanguineous kindreds, each of which included at least two siblings with nonsyndromic presumed congenital sensorineural deafness and that had a pedigree structure consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance. When all families were combined, a peak two-point lod score of 2.547 (theta = .1) was obtained for D13S175, 0.780 (theta = .2) for D13S143, and 0.664 (theta = .3) for D13S115. While there was no statistically significant evidence for heterogeneity at any of the three loci tested, nine families showed cosegregation of marker haplotypes with deafness. These observations suggest that the DFNB1 locus may make an important contribution to autosomal recessive neurosensory deafness in a Caucasian population. In the nine cosegregating families, phenotypic variation was observed both within sibships (in four families), which indicates that variable expressivity characterizes some genotypes at the DFNB1 locus, and between generations (in two families), which suggests allelic heterogeneity.