gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification, Reconstitution, and Steady-state Kinetics of the Trans-membrane 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 2 (2002)

Human membrane 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 is an enzyme essential in the conversion of the highly active 17beta-hydroxysteroids into their inactive keto forms in a variety of tissues. 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 with 6 consecutive histidines at its N terminus was expressed in Sf9 insect cells. This recombinant protein retained its biological activity and facilitated the enzyme purification and provided the most suitable form in our studies. Dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside was found to be the best detergent for the solubilization, purification, and reconstitution of this enzyme. The overexpressed integral membrane protein was purified with a high catalytic activity and a purity of more than 90% by nickel-chelated chromatography. For reconstitution, the purified protein was incorporated into dodecyl-beta-D-maltoside-destabilized liposomes prepared from l-alpha-phosphatidylcholine. The detergent was removed by adsorption onto polystyrene beads. The reconstituted enzyme had much higher stability and catalytic activity (2.6 micromol/min/mg of enzyme protein with estradiol) than the detergent-solubilized and purified protein (0.9 micromol/min/mg of enzyme protein with estradiol). The purified and reconstituted protein (with a 2-kDa His tag) was proved to be a homodimer, and its functional molecular mass was calculated to be 90.4 +/- 1.2 kDa based on glycerol gradient analytical ultracentrifugation and chemical cross-linking study. The kinetic studies demonstrated that 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 was an NAD-preferring dehydrogenase with the K(m) of NAD being 110 +/- 10 microM and that of NADP 9600 +/- 100 microM using estradiol as substrate. The kinetic constants using estradiol, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone as substrates were also determined.
Characterization of dislocation arrays in AlN single crystals grown by PVT (2011)

Abstract The density and distribution of extended defects in AlN single crystals grown by physical vapor transport (PVT) was studied by bright field and polarized light microscopy, defect‐selective etching, and high resolution X‐ray diffraction (HRXRD). Etch pits associated with dislocation arrays forming low angle grain boundaries (LAGB) were observed and two types of LAGB were identified. Reduction of LAGB in AlN grown under reduced radial temperature gradients, as estimated by simulation of the growth cell, was demonstrated.
Macroeconomic Impact of Foreign Exchange Intervention: Some Cross-country Empirical Findings (2021)

Based on VAR analyses across 26 countries, we show that, although foreign exchange intervention (FXI) is effective in stabilizing the nominal exchange rate in the short run, its impacts on the real exchange rate are less significant: Limitations on nominal exchange rate flexibility may induce adjustments to the real exchange rate through domestic prices. We find that countries that intervene more heavily in response to external shocks experience greater general and asset price volatility, which is not conducive to countering the impact of external shocks. We show that China’s macroeconomic responses to external shocks are broadly consistent with international experiences among intervening countries. The simple methodological framework adopted in this paper is meant to examine a broad set of macroeconomic variables and bears limitations; our findings serve to motivate more structural analysis on FXI’s macroeconomic impacts going forward.
Male infertility in Kuwait. Etiologic and therapeutic aspects. (2007)

From an etiological point of view, we believe that the high incidence of Sertoli cell-only-syndrome among nationals and residents of a country that underwent a major environmental insult strengthens the chances of an environmental role in the development of this syndrome. From a management point of view, in cultures where in vitro fertilization is either still not widely acceptable or is unaffordable, oligospermia with clinical or subclinical varicocele deserves a trial of a low risk, out patient procedure, namely, spermatic vein embolization that could improve fertility.
Measurement of the electric resistance of human blood; use in coagulation studies and cell volume determinations. (1948)

Abstract A reliable rapid method for the measurement of electric resistance of small amounts of blood or similar material is presented. A pattern of change in the resistance of blood during coagulation is described. These resistance changes make possible the determination of the clotting time with elimination of inconsistencies caused by motion and offer a quantitative means for the study of clot retraction. In view of the fact that no method has been available previously for a comparable quantitative study of clot retraction, electric resistance measurements may serve to detect significant variations of this process in disease beyond our present knowledge. By means of the ratio of blood resistance to plasma resistance, the cell volume fraction of a sample of blood may be calculated. Cell volumes determined by resistance measurements were found to average 7.7 per cent lower than the hematocrit as determined by centrifugation.
Control OBSS/PD Sensitivity Threshold for IEEE 802.11ax BSS Color (2018)

IEEE 802.11ax Spatial Reuse (SR) is a new category in the IEEE 802.11 family, aiming at improving the spectrum efficiency and the network performance in dense deployments. The main and perhaps the only SR technique in that amendment is the Basic Service Set (BSS) Color. It aims at increasing the number of concurrent transmissions in a specific area, based on a newly defined Overlapping BSS/Preamble-Detection (OBSS/PD) threshold and the Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) from Overlapping BSSs (OBSSs). In this paper, we propose a Control OBSS/PD Sensitivity Threshold (COST) algorithm for adjusting OBSS/PD threshold based on the interference level and RSSI from the associated recipient(s). In contrast to the Dynamic Sensitivity Control (DSC) algorithm that was proposed for setting OBSS/PD, COST is fully aware of any changes in OBSSs and can be applied to any IEEE 802.11ax node. Simulation results in various scenarios, show a clear performance improvement of up to 57% gain in throughput over a conservative fixed OBSS/PD for the legacy BSS Color and DSC.
Erasure insertion in frequency-hop communications with fading and partial-band interference (1997)

The use of block coding and errors-and-erasures decoding can enhance performance substantially in frequency-hop communication systems, provided that a good scheme is employed to determine which symbols to erase. In this paper, methods for determining erasures derived from Bayesian decision theory are applied to the mitigation of fading and partial-band interference. The performance of receivers using the Bayesian technique is compared with that of receivers that make erasure decisions using Viterbi's (1982) ratio-threshold test. The performance of hard-decision demodulation and the theoretical performance of receivers with access to perfect side information are also compared. It is found that the Bayesian receiver provides the best performance, and that error probabilities for the Bayesian receiver are lower than those for hard-decision demodulation by as much as six orders of magnitude.
Enhancing NMR of Nonrelaxing Species Using a Controlled Flow Motion and a Miniaturized Circuit (2017)

In this article we show that circulation of the sample in a closed-loop circuit combined to microsized detection can lead to a significant signal NMR enhancement. We present an optimized NMR device based on a mini bubble-pump associated with fluidics and microdetection that can be installed on a commercial NMR spectrometer. In addition to a significant signal enhancement for slowly relaxing nuclei, we show that it enables more precise and frequent monitoring of chemical reactions. An additional modification leads to a stopped-flow system very efficient for instance for 2D NMR experiments with long mixing times.
External fixation. Technical advances based upon multiplanar ligamentotaxis. (1993)

The principle of ligamentotaxis obtained by longitudinal traction is useful in restoring skeletal length to distal radial fractures. Using external skeletal fixation to translate the hand in radial-ulnar and dorsal-palmar directions, ligamentotaxis in two additional planes aligns and tilts the distal radial fragment and its articular surface. Following restoration of palmar tilt by palmar translation, wrist position can be adjusted into neutral or extension to help avoid finger stiffness and carpal tunnel syndrome without compromising fracture reduction.
Integration of speed and time for estimating time to contact (2018)

To coordinate movements with events in a dynamic environment the brain has to anticipate when those events occur. A classic example is the estimation of time to contact (<i>TTC</i>), that is, when an object reaches a target. It is thought that <i>TTC</i> is estimated from kinematic variables. For example, a tennis player might use an estimate of distance (<i>d</i>) and speed (<i>v</i>) to estimate <i>TTC</i> (<i>TTC</i> = <i>d</i>/<i>v</i>). However, the tennis player may instead estimate <i>TTC</i> as twice the time it takes for the ball to move from the serve line to the net line. This latter strategy does not rely on kinematics and instead computes <i>TTC</i> solely from temporal cues. Which of these two strategies do humans use to estimate <i>TTC</i>? Considering that both speed and time estimates are inherently uncertain and the ability of the human brain to combine different sources of information, we hypothesized that humans estimate <i>TTC</i> by integrating speed information with temporal cues. We evaluated this hypothesis systematically using psychophysics and Bayesian modeling. Results indicated that humans rely on both speed information and temporal cues and integrate them to optimize their <i>TTC</i> estimates when both cues are present. These findings suggest that the brain's timing mechanisms are actively engaged when interacting with dynamic stimuli.
Promotion of Fluorapatite Crystallization by Soluble‐Matrix Proteins from<i>Lingula Anatina</i>Shells (2004)

The geological longevity of Lingula, depicted, suggests that the lightly mineralized carbonate-substituted fluorapatite (FAP) shell has remained well-adapted to evolutionary pressures. Contrary to earlier studies, soluble macromolecules isolated from Lingula shells are shown to specifically promote FAP crystallization by the destabilization of an amorphous calcium phosphate precursor.
Notch3 Is a Major Regulator of Vascular Tone in Cerebral and Tail Resistance Arteries (2008)

Notch3 plays an important role in the control of vascular mechano-transduction, by modulating the RhoA/Rho kinase pathway, with opposite effects on myogenic tone and flow-mediated dilation in the resistance circulation.
Cauchy와 Gaussian 확률 분포를 이용한 Simulated Annealing 알고리즘 (2010)

In this study, we propose a new method for generating candidate solutions based on both the Cauchy and the Gaussian probability distributions in order...
Nonintrusive measurement of impulsive noise in telephone-type networks (1998)

An in-service, nonintrusive technique for the characterization of impulsive noise in telecommunication systems is presented. It is based on the segmentation of the signal observed during a telephone call in speech and noise frames. The signal observed during noise frames is further processed by means of a hypothesis testing procedure in order to detect the presence of impulses. Experimental results that show the effectiveness of the proposed technique are presented and discussed.
Temperature dependence of chromatic dispersion in single mode fibers (1986)

This paper describes the temperature dependence of chromatic dispersion in single-mode fibers for a temperature range of -60°- 250°C. Highly accurate dispersion measurements demonstrated a linear relationship (0.025 nm/°C) between the zero dispersion wavelength and temperature for tests conducted below 150°C. Further tests in the high-temperature range showed an increase in this dependence. For both temperature ranges, the results were independent of fiber coating and structure.
Biochemical approaches to the study of muscle disease. (1971)

Several current approaches to the biochemistry of dystrophic muscle are reviewed with emphasis on the possible merits and limitations of each method. General difficulties in the study of diseased muscle apply more or less to each of the approaches. Data on dystrophic muscle obtained by technics developed for the study of normal muscle must be carefully assessed before reliable conclusions can be drawn
Immuno-activation with anti-CD3 and recombinant human IL-2 in HIV-1-infected patients on potent antiretroviral therapy (1999)

OKT3/IL-2 resulted in T cell activation and proliferation, and could stimulate HIV replication in patients having achieved prolonged suppression of plasma viremia. OKT3/IL-2 therapy was toxic and rapidly induced antibodies against OKT3.
Dual-loop feedback for fast low dropout regulators (2002)

A dual-loop feedback compensation technique is developed for fast low dropout regulators (LDRs). Compared with conventional Miller compensation, it increases the bandwidth of an LDR by 30 times, and requires compensation capacitors that are a hundred times smaller. Theoretical aspects and design considerations are discussed, and simulation results are presented.
Accurate determination of DNA in agarose gels using the novel algorithm GelScann(1.0) (1995)

GelScann(1.0) is a user-friendly program that accurately quantitates DNA from CCD imaged agarose gels. The algorithm automatically locates lanes, locates bands within a given lane, and quantitates the intensity of each band. GelScann (1.0) uses a statistical method to discriminate DNA from local background fluorescence. The sensitivity of the LaneFinder and BandFinder can be adjusted by the user interacting with GelScann (1.0)'s option box. We demonstrate that GelScann(1.0) can accurately determine DNA that GelScann(1.0) can accurately determine DNA concentrations for routine molecular biology applications and determine the relative intensities of PCR amplified fragments for genetic testing.
Room-temperature single-electron memory made by pulse-mode atomic force microscopy nano oxidation process on atomically flat α-alumina substrate (2000)

A single-electron memory was fabricated using the improved pulse-mode atomic force microscopy nano oxidation process which oxidized the surface of the thin titanium (Ti) metal on the atomically flat α-alumina (α-Al2O3) substrate and formed the narrow oxidized titanium (TiOx) line that works as a tunnel junction for the device. This single-electron memory consists of the multitunnel junction and a memory capacitance. The single-electron transistor, which works as an electrometer, was connected to the memory node of the single-electron memory to detect the potential change of the memory node by the injection of the individual electrons. The fabricated single-electron memory showed the hysteresis loop even at room temperature by the return trip of the memory bias when starting from 0 to 10 V and again coming back to 0 V. About 25 electrons were stored at the memory node.
Mapping Scalable Video Coding decoder on multi-core stream processors (2009)

Scalable Video Coding (SVC) is an advanced video compression technique that can support temporal, spatial, and quality scalability to terminals with different network conditions. SVC adopts layered coding techniques to improve coding efficiency for spatial and quality scalability. Upsampling and inter-layer prediction are two important mechanisms to remove redundant information between different layers. However, upsampling occupying around 75% memory bandwidth of SVC decoder results in serious performance degradation, especially for applications with high resolutions. Moreover, inter-layer prediction with complex scheduling leads to difficulties when mapping the SVC decoder in parallel. In this paper, we propose a method to parallelize the SVC decoder on a multi-core stream processor platform in both efficiency and flexibility. We focus on mapping issues of spatial scalability supporting with various resolutions of decoded frames. The experiment result proves the proposed design for SVC decoder reduces 95% memory bandwidth of the upsampling module in JSVM, performed on a single general-purpose processor.
[Cloning and sequencing of E2/NS1 gene from a Chinese genotype III isolate of hepatitis C virus]. (1998)

E2/NS1 gene from a Chinese genotype III isolate of hepatitis C virus was successfully cloned into mammalian expression vector by technique of DNA recombination. Sequence analysis showed that E2/NS1 gene has good homology intra-genotype and poor homology intergenotype of hepatitis C virus. Research of primary nucleotide structure of different genotype hepatitis C virus might be helpful for the development of vaccine against the virus.
Electrical stimulation and wound healing (1990)

• Living tissues possess direct current surface electropotentials that regulate, at least in part, the healing process. Following tissue damage, a current of injury is generated that is thought to trigger biological repair. In addition, exogenous electrical stimuli have been shown to enhance the healing of wounds in both human subjects and animal models. Intractable ulcers have demonstrated accelerated healing and skin wounds have resurfaced faster and with better tensile properties following exposure to electrical currents. This article examines the bioelectric properties of living systems and reviews the existing literature on electrical stimulation and wound healing. (<i>Arch Dermatol</i>. 1990;126:222-225)
On-orbit operations of the Space Station Freedom attached payloads accommodations equipment (1989)

The Space Station Freedom which will serve as a base of operations for instruments performing space science is discussed. The Attached Payload Accommodation Equipment (APAE) will be a set of equipment designed to provide standard structural, power, data and thermal interfaces between payloads and the space station. The APAE is designed to minimize and simplify the on-orbit operations required for payload installation, replacement, and servicing. In addition, the APAE supplies launch support for small payloads and attitude control for payloads that required it.
Theory of shape stability in crystal growth from the melt (1976)

A criterion is presented for the stability of the external shape of the crystal in crystal growth from the melt. The criterion takes cognizance of the finding that the constant cross-sectional growth of crystals by a meniscus-controlled process, such as Czochralski, floating-zone, and edge-defined film-fed growth (EFG), requires that the angle φ between the meniscus and the growth axis equal φ0 (a constant; for silicon, φ0=11°). Shape stability requires further that a change in crystal shape (whenever φ≠φ0) should be such that φ approaches φ0 again as a result of the shape change. The criterion is applied to the various melt-growth techniques; Czochralski growth is shown to be inherently unstable, whereas the usual floating zone techniques are shown to provide stability of the crystal shape. An application of the criterion is made to the EFG growth of various crystal shapes, with particular emphasis on EFG silicon ribbon growth, and the conditions under which shape stabilization is obtained in EFG are identified.
Suppressor activity and potency among regulatory T cells is discriminated by functionally active CD44 (2005)

CD4CD25(+) regulatory T cells are fundamental to the maintenance of peripheral tolerance and have great therapeutic potential. However, efforts in this regard have been hampered by limiting cell numbers in vivo, an anergic phenotype in vitro, and a rudimentary understanding of the molecular basis for the functional state of CD4CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Treg cells). Here we show heterogeneity of suppressor activity among activated CD4CD25(+) Treg cells and that, within this population, the functionally active, hyaluronan-binding form of CD44 (CD44(act)) is strikingly correlated with superior suppressor activity. Within 16 hours after in vitro activation, CD44(act) can discriminate enhanced suppressive function in in vitro proliferation assays and in an in vivo bone marrow engraftment model. The expression of other surface markers and that of Foxp3 are similar irrespective of hyaluronan binding and associated degree of suppressor potency. Furthermore, CD44(act) is induced on resting CD4CD25(+) cells in vivo by allogeneic stimulation, with similar functional consequences. These results reveal a cell-surface marker that delineates functional activity within a population of activated CD4CD25(+) regulatory T cells, thereby providing a potential tool for identifying regulatory activity and enriching for maximal suppressor potency.
Ethyl acetate as a substitute for diethyl ether in the formalin-ether sedimentation technique (1979)

Ethyl acetate appears to be a satisfactory subsitute solvent for diethyl ether in the Formalin-ether sedimentation technique. In comparative studies, concentration of organisms with ethyl acetate was equal to or greater than that with diethyl ether. No distortion or alteration of morphology was observed with eigher solvent, and preparations were comparable in appearance and ease of examination. In addition, ethyl acetate is less flammable and less hazardous to use than diethyl ether.
Effects of processing method on the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of orally administered ginseng (2017)

Our results show that the use of different methods to process ginseng might affect the pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of ginseng as well as the tissue concentrations of Rg1, Re, Rd, and Rb1.
Narrow-band green emission of Eu<sup>2+</sup> in a rigid tunnel structure: site occupations, barycenter energy calculations and luminescence properties (2019)

As a new member of an oxide-based family with a UCr<sub>4</sub>C<sub>4</sub>-related type structure, CsKNaLi(Li<sub>3</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>4</sub>:Eu<sup>2+</sup> was synthesized successfully for the first time and its rigid tunnel structure leads to narrow-band green emission, which can be used for white light generation.
Drip irrigation experiments with avocados in San Diego County (1972)

A new approach to irrigation, called drip irrigation, was developed in Israel in recent years. Under the leadership of Professor Dan Goldberg, Head, Department of Irrigation, Hebrew University, this system has now been tested for 10 years and developed to its present stage. About 10,000 acres of commercially grown vegetables, field crops, and fruit trees are being irrigated by drip irrigation in that country today.