gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electroless Deposited Cobalt-Tungsten-Boron Capping Barrier Metal on Damascene Copper Interconnection (2005)

The metal capping barrier deposited by the electroless cobalt tungsten boron (CoWB) alloy plating method for ultralarge scale integration applications was investigated. The CoWB film was formed directly on copper without a palladium catalyst, using dimethyl amin borane (DMAB) as a reducing agent, and it was deposited selectively on 0.25 μm wide copper interconnects separated with 0.25 μm spacing The CoWB thin films were effective barriers against copper diffusion even at CoWB thicknesses as low as 50 nm. Compared with the CoWB film, cobalt tungsten phosphorus films deposited directly on copper using DMAB as a deposition initiator was not effective as a copper diffusion barrier. The plating films contained mainly cobalt with a significant amount of tungsten (up to 20 atom %) and a small amount of boron. Additionally, we propose a newly developed alkaline metal free electroless CoWB plating solution using tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide as a pH adjuster. © 2005 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
The Effect of Anion Vacancies on the Tribological Properties of Rutile (TiO<sub>2-x</sub>), Part II: Experimental Evidence (1990)

Friction and wear tests were completed with the (001) and (110) planes of single crystal rutile (TiO 2-x ) specimens sliding against selected ceramic counterfaces, in well-defined crystallographic directions. The purpose of the experiments was to investigate the environmental influences on anion vacancy formation, as related to a recent hypothesis connecting oxygen substoichiometry with predictable variations in the tribological properties of rutile. The data were obtained with two, entirely different test machines operating at various loads, speeds, temperatures, sliding directions and durations, as well as test specimen atmospheres. The results independently confirmed the predicted, anion vacancy-controlled formation of certain low and high lattice (strain) energy crystallographic shear systems (i.e., Magnèli phases) and that their generation is overwhelmingly environment-dependent. The stoichiometry-controlled lattice energy of these rutile phases influences the surface and bulk shear strength (τS) of the oxide single crystal. τS values were calculated for the (001)[110] surface as a function of rutile stoichiometry. The τS of (001)[110] rutile at an estimated stoichiometry of TiO 1.93–1.98 was as low as 8 MPa, equivalent to the τS of run-in MoS2 films in high vacuum.
Adrenocortical Dysfunction in Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome (2008)

Recently, it has become evident that the adrenals play a key role in obesity as well as in the metabolic syndrome and their complications. On the one hand, adrenal steroids are involved in physiological regulation of adipose tissue and energy homeostasis and in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic complications. On the other hand, fat cell-derived factors, adipocytokines, and lipids released from adipose tissue are involved in the modulation of adrenal steroidogenesis. Aldosterone plasma levels are elevated in obesity and in patients with the metabolic syndrome. Recent research has provided evidence that adipocytes secrete factors that stimulate adrenal mineralocorticoid release and sensitize the adrenal cortex to angiotensin II.
On Nonblocking Switching Networks Composed of Digital Symmetrical Matrices (1983)

Significant advances in semiconductor technology make it possible to construct new components called digital symmetrical matrices, which mix in the same integrated circuit, time and space switching. In this paper, structures of multistage nonblocking networks composed of such matrices are described. The condition under which the network will be nonblocking is formulated, and the relationship between the maximal capacity of the network and the number of switching stages is discussed. Formulas for designing optimal threeand five-stage networks are derived. It is shown that general multistage networks should have as few stages as possible for minimizing the cost.
Cell Wall Deficient Forms—Stealth Pathogens (1994)

Journal Article Cell Wall Deficient Forms—Stealth Pathogens Get access Cell Wall Deficient Forms—Stealth Pathogens, 2nd Edition, Lida H. Mattman. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1992, 404 pp, $49.95. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 101, Issue 4, 1 April 1994, Page 549, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/101.4.549b Published: 01 April 1994
Intra-Symbol Windowing for Egress Reduction in DMT Transmitters (2006)

Discrete multitone (DMT) uses an inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) to modulate data on the carriers. The high sidelobes of the IDFT filter bank used can lead to spurious emissions (egress) in unauthorized frequency bands. Applying a window function within the DMT symbol can alleviate this. However, window functions either require additional redundancy or will introduce distortions that are generally not easy to compensate for. In this paper, a special class of window functions is constructed that corresponds to a precoding at the transmitter. These do not require any additional redundancy and need only a modest amount of additional processing at the receiver. The results can be used to increase the spectral containment of DMT-based wired communications such as ADSL and VDSL (i.e., asymmetric, resp., very-high-bitrate digital subscriber loop).
Assessing Specification Errors in Stochastic Discount Factor Models (1997)

ABSTRACT In this article we develop alternative ways to compare asset pricing models when it is understood that their implied stochastic discount factors do not price all portfolios correctly. Unlike comparisons based on statistics associated with null hypotheses that models are correct, our measures of model performance do not reward variability of discount factor proxies. One of our measures is designed to exploit fully the implications of arbitrage‐free pricing of derivative claims. We demonstrate empirically the usefulness of our methods in assessing some alternative stochastic factor models that have been proposed in asset pricing literature.
Global and local effects in gain-coupled multiple-quantum-well DFB lasers (1999)

Global and local effects in gain-coupled multiple-quantum-well distributed feedback lasers are analyzed using a new approach that combines a submicrometer two-dimensional analysis together with a longitudinal transfer-matrix calculation. Issues such as complex coupling, the standing wave effect, hole burning, and barrier effects are examined in some detail. It is also shown that, due to the local interactions, the grating contrast is nonuniform along the cavity, leading to the new phenomenon of differential longitudinal spatial hole burning.
Effect of metformin on bone marrow progenitor cell differentiation: In vivo and in vitro studies (2009)

Diabetes mellitus is associated with bone loss. Patients with type 2 diabetes are frequently treated with oral antidiabetic drugs such as sulfonylureas, biguanides, and thiazolidinediones. Rosiglitazone treatment has been shown to increase adipogenesis in bone marrow and to induce bone loss. In this study we evaluated the effect of in vivo and in vitro treatment with metformin on bone marrow progenitor cells (BMPCs), as well as the involvement of AMPK pathway in its effects. The in vitro effect of coincubation with metformin and rosiglitazone on the adipogenic differentiation of BMPCs also was studied. In addition, we evaluated the effect of in vivo metformin treatment on bone regeneration in a model of parietal lesions in nondiabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. We found that metformin administration both in vivo and in vitro caused an increase in alkaline phosphatase activity, type I collagen synthesis, osteocalcin expression, and extracellular calcium deposition of BMPCs. Moreover, metformin significantly activated AMPK in undifferentiated BMPCs. In vivo, metformin administration enhanced the expression of osteoblast-specific transcription factor Runx2/Cbfa1 and activation of AMPK in a time-dependent manner. Metformin treatment also stimulated bone lesion regeneration in control and diabetic rats. In vitro, metformin partially inhibited the adipogenic actions of rosiglitazone on BMPCs. In conclusion, our results indicate that metformin causes an osteogenic effect both in vivo and in vitro, possibly mediated by Runx2/Cbfa1 and AMPK activation, suggesting a possible action of metformin in a shift toward the osteoblastic differentiation of BMPCs.
Active Control of Combustion Instabilities in Gas Turbine Engines for Low Emissions. Part II: Adaptive Control Algorithm Development, Demonstration and Performance Limitations (2001)

We present results of experiment with two distinct extremum-seeking adaptive algorithms for control of combustion instability suitable for reduction of acoustic pressure oscillations in gas turbine over large range of operating conditions. The algorithms consists of a frequency tracking Extended Kalman Filter to determine the in-phase component, the quadrature component, and the magnitude of the acoustic mode of interest, and a phase shifting controller with the controller phase tuned using an extremum-seeking algorithms. The algorithms are also applicable for control of oscillations of systems whose oscillation frequency and optimal control phase shift depends on operating conditions, and which are driven by strong broad-band disturbance. The algorithms have been tested in combustion experiments involving full-scale engine hardware and during simulated fast engine transients.
Thermal noise in interferometric gravitational wave detectors due to dielectric optical coatings (2002)

We report on thermal noise from the internal friction of dielectric coatings made from alternating layers of Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/ and SiO/sub 2/ deposited on fused silica substrates. We present calculations of the thermal noise in gravitational wave interferometers due to optical coatings, when the material proper-ties of the coating are different from those of the substrate and the mechanical loss angle in the coating is anisotropic. The loss angle in the coatings for strains parallel to the substrate surface was determined from ringdown experiments. We measured the mechanical quality factor of three fused silica samples with coatings deposited on them. The loss angle, phi /sub ||/(f), of the coating material for strains parallel to the coated surface was found to be 4.2 +or- 0.3 * 10/sup -4/ for coatings deposited on commercially polished slides, and 1.0 +or- 0.3 * 10/sup -4/ for a coating deposited on a superpolished disc. Using these numbers, we estimate the effect of coatings on thermal noise in the initial LIGO and Advanced LIGO interferometers. We also find that the corresponding prediction for thermal noise in the 40 m LIGO prototype at Caltech is consistent with the noise data. These results are complemented by results for a different type of coating, presented in a companion paper.
Water-Resistant Animal Glue<sup>1</sup> (1927)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWater-Resistant Animal Glue1F. L. Browne and C. E. HrubeskyCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1927, 19, 2, 215–219Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1927Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1927https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50206a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50206a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views72Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A Pulsed Mass Spectrometer with Time Dispersion (1953)

An improved design of a pulsed mass spectrometer using linear time of flight analysis has been completed. A peak width of two mass units at mass 40 has been achieved as well as a linear mass scale.
Some aspects of analysis of covariance. (1982)

An account from first principles is given of a number of aspects of analysis of covariance. Six different meanings of analysis of covariance are outlined and the history of this technique is sketched briefly. The development of the key formulae from the method of least squares is described, and generalizations to other distributions in the exponential family are mentioned. Special problems of application in randomized experiments and in observational studies are discussed. Finally, the decomposition of regression relations is considered along with components of covariance.
Multicolor multilayer light-emitting devices based on pyridine-containing conjugated polymers and para-sexiphenyl oligomer (1999)

There is increased interest in developing multicolor light-emitting devices. We report here the fabrication and study of multilayer color-variable/white light-emitting devices based on pyridine-containing conjugated polymers and para-sexiphenyl (6P) oligomer. Voltage-dependent multicolor emission was observed in both bilayer and trilayer configurations. The emission colors of single devices cover a wide range of visible spectra whose Commission International de I’Eclairage (CIE) color coordinates vary from blue to white to green with increasing voltages. The color coordinate traverses along a straight line in the CIE chromaticity diagram. The role of interfaces in the operation of devices is discussed.
Cysteine protease inhibitory activity and levels of salivary cystatins in whole saliva of periodontally diseased patients (1999)

The 3 human salivary cystatins S, SA and SN are multifunctional proteins that possess a cysteine protease inhibitory property, but their ability to act as such is very different (SN > SA >> S). One form, S, also appears to possess antibacterial properties towards the bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis, often associated with periodontal diseases. In this study we measured the total cystatin inhibitory activity and the levels of each salivary cystatin in the whole saliva of 8 periodontally diseased patients and 2 groups of control subjects (n = 6 and n = 10). The total cystatin inhibitory activity and the total salivary cystatin concentration in the periodontally diseased patients were found to be lower than the controls (p < or = 0.005). The concentration of S was depleted to levels that would not allow it to be an effective antibacterial agent, and the concentration of SA, although depleted in some cases, was still present at sufficient levels to allow it to act as an effective physiological inhibitor of cathepsin L. The concentration of cystatin SN was also depleted in the periodontally diseased patients, but was still present in sufficient quantities to act as an effective physiological cysteine protease inhibitor of cathepsins H and L. In comparison, the concentration of all 3 salivary cystatins in the control subjects were sufficient to enable these proteins to be both effective physiological cysteine protease inhibitors and antibacterial agents.
Expression of mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptor and its putative endogenous ligand diazepam binding inhibitor in cultured primary astrocytes and C-6 cells: relation to cell growth. (1994)

A recognition site for benzodiazepines structurally different from that linked to the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subtype A or the "central type" benzodiazepine receptor has been located mainly in the outer membranes of mitochondria and designated mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptor (MBR). A putative endogenous ligand for MBR is the peptide, diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI), which inhibits benzodiazepine ligand binding in mitochondrial membranes. In this study, DBI- and MBR-like immunoreactivities (LI) were examined at the cellular and ultrastructural levels, and their changes during cell growth were followed in rat primary cerebellar astroglial and C-6 cell cultures. During the early stages of the cultures (7-14 days in vitro), MBR and DBI were expressed virtually in all astrocytes and C-6 cells of the cultures. The highest MBR/DBI immunoreactivity was observed in dividing cells. When the astrocytes had formed a confluent layer (21 days in vitro), MBR staining intensity was significantly decreased. Electron microscopic analysis demonstrated an even distribution of DBI-LI throughout the cytoplasm, while MBR-LI was mainly observed in a close association with the outer mitochondrial membranes. However, dividing cells also displayed strong MBR immunoreactivity in endoplasmic reticulum, nuclear membranes, and centrioles. Treatment of the confluent cultures with MBR ligands PK 11195 and Ro 5-4864 at nanomolar concentrations increased the density of MBR-LI and the progesterone content in the medium 2-3-fold over the basal levels. These results demonstrate a close association between DBI and mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptors and lend support to the theory that they have a possible role in the regulation of steroid production. The relation of MBR and DBI expression to cell growth and division suggests a novel role for these elements in the regulation of important intracellular events.
GTPase-activating protein SH2-SH3 domains induce gene expression in a Ras-dependent fashion. (1992)

The p21ras GTPase-activating protein (GAP) is thought to function as both a negative regulator and a downstream target of p21ras. Here, we have investigated the role of GAP by using a transient expression assay with a fos luciferase reporter plasmid. We used GAP deletion mutants that lack the domain involved in interaction with p21ras and encode essentially only the SH2-SH3 domains. When these GAP deletion mutants were expressed, we observed a marked induction of fos promoter activity similar to induction by activated p21ras. Expression of a full-length GAP construct had no effect on the activity of the fos promoter. Activation of the fos promoter by these GAP SH2-SH3 regions was inhibited by cotransfection of a dominant inhibitory mutant of p21ras, Ras(Asn-17). Thus, the induction of gene expression by GAP SH2-SH3 domains is dependent on p21ras activity. Moreover, induction of fos promoter activity by GAP SH2-SH3 domains is increased severalfold after cotransfection of an activated mutant of p21ras, Ras(Leu-61), or insulin stimulation of A14 cells, both leading to an increase in the levels of GTP-bound p21ras. The combined effect of Ras(Leu-61) and the GAP deletion mutants was not inhibited by Ras(Asn-17), indicating that GAP SH2-SH3 domains do not function to activate endogenous p21ras but cooperate with another signal coming from active p21ras. These data suggest that GAP SH2-SH3 domains serve to induce gene expression by p21ras but that additional signals coming from p21ras are required for them to function.
Association Between the CCR5 32-bp Deletion Allele and Late Onset of Schizophrenia (2006)

OBJECTIVE: The 32-bp deletion allele in chemokine receptor CCR5 has been associated with several immune-mediated diseases and might be implicated in schizophrenia as well. METHOD: The authors genotyped DNA samples from 268 schizophrenia patients and 323 healthy subjects. Age at first admission to a psychiatric hospital department served as a measure of disease onset. RESULTS: Patients and comparison subjects differed marginally in their genotype distribution, with a slightly higher frequency of the deletion allele seen in the patients. The authors found the deletion allele to be associated with higher age at first admission. After age at first admission was analyzed as a continuous variable, it was dichotomized using 40 years as the cutoff. With this approach the authors found that genotype distributions of patients with age at first admission above the cutoff (possible cases of late-onset schizophrenia) and healthy subjects differed significantly. This was reflected in an increased frequency of the deletion allele in the patient subgroup. Patients with ages at first admission below and above 40 years significantly differed in distribution of genotypes and alleles, with an overrepresentation of the deletion allele in the latter subgroup of patients. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the CCR5 32-bp deletion allele is a susceptibility factor for schizophrenia with late onset. Alternatively, the CCR5 32-bp deletion allele may act as a modifier by delaying the onset of schizophrenia without affecting the disease susceptibility.
Heat Transfer Enhancement Using Shaped Polymer Tubes: Fin Analysis (2003)

Uniquely shaped tubes extruded with an inner circular flow passage and an outer streamlined profile are proposed to withstand the inside fluid pressure and simultaneously to reduce the pressure drop across heat exchanger tube bundles comprising hundreds of small-diameter, thin-walled polymer tubes. Heat transfer rates are characterized by treating the tubes as the combination of a base circular tube and longitudinal fin(s) of oval or lenticular profile. Numerical solution of the non-linear differential equation for surface temperature provides the shaped tube efficiency, similar in function to fin efficiency. The effects of Biot number and a dimensionless shape factor on the tube efficiency and the convective heat transfer rate are discussed. A comparison of a circular to an oval shaped tube indicates that convective heat transfer is enhanced for 2000 ≤ Re ≤ 20,000 when Bi < 0.3.
A Timer-based Protocol for Connected Dominating Set Construction in IEEE 802.11 Multihop Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (2005)

Connected dominating set has been used widely in multihop ad hoc networks (MANET) by numerous routing, broadcast and collision avoidance protocols. Although computing minimum connected dominating set is known to be NP-hard, many protocols have been proposed to construct a suboptimal dominating set. However, these protocols are either too complicated, needing nonlocal information, or not adaptive to topology changes. In this paper, we present a MAC-layer timer-based connected dominating set construction protocol. In our protocol, candidate nodes set up a timer based on the number of uncovered neighbors and determine whether or not to join the dominating set when the timer expires. The protocol is simple, distributed, inexpensive, and adaptive to station mobility. The simulation results show that our protocol can construct connected dominating set using 35% to 60% less nodes than other distributed connected dominating set protocols.