gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Morphology and properties of silane‐modified montmorillonite clays and clay/PBT composites (2008)

Abstract Commercially available organoclay (Closite 30B) was modified by using 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) via a silylation reaction. Sodium clay (Closite Na) was treated by APS directly as a control. Such modified clays were further melt‐compounded with polybutylene terephthalate (PBT). The morphology and properties of the modified organoclays were characterized with X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electrical microscopy (TEM), Infra‐red spectroscopy, contact angle measurement, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effects of modified clays on the crystallization behavior of PBT were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry. The basal spacing of Closite Na was enlarged from 1.01 to 1.41 nm after APS treatment, indicating that the APS was intercalated into the clay intergalleries as a monolayer. The basal spacing of Closite 30B increased slightly after APS treatment, partially resulted from the reactions between the APS and hydroxyl groups on the intercalant of Closite 30B. Closite 30B was found to be exfoliated disorderly after melt‐compounded with PBT. The APS‐modified Closite 30B only dispersed as swollen elliptical clay aggregates, in which the silicate layers were orderly intercalated. TGA results showed that the decomposition temperature at 5% weight loss of Closite 30B was increased from 250 to 270°C after APS treatment. A significant increase in the degree of crystallinity of PBT was observed in the exfoliated PBT/30B composite. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Dielectric spectroscopy of human blood. (1994)

Impedance measurement is an established technique for studying the passive electric properties of cell membranes. Dispersions can be detected by studying the electric properties (capacitance and conductance) in the radio-frequency range (kHz-mHz). The theoretical interpretation is based on the Maxwell-Wagner effect at the interface between the cytoplasm and the cell membrane. The specific electric variables of the membrane, the cytoplasm, as well as the surrounding plasma (medium) are estimated by non-linear regression fitting and appropriate equations. Using a four-electrode technique, we have measured the impedance with a commercial instrument working in the frequency range of 0.2-10 mHz interfaced to a computer. Differences were found in conductivity and capacitance of blood from 1) persons exposed to organic solvents, 2) patients with metal exposure, and 3) patients with cardiovascular disease. The effects of plasma components and haematocrit are crucial when undertaking measurements on whole blood. The results are difficult to interpret but we consider perturbations in the erythrocyte membrane to be involved. Potential clinical applications will be promoted by the development of the software.
Optical Quality of the Eye in Subjects with Normal and Excellent Visual Acuity (2008)

No significant correlations were found between VA measurements and the optical quality of the eye in young subjects with normal or excellent spatial vision. Some subjects with normal degrees of aberrations attained excellent VA.
Theory of the Greenspan viscometer (2003)

We present a detailed acoustic model of the Greenspan acoustic viscometer, a practical instrument for accurately measuring the viscosity eta of gases. As conceived by Greenspan, the viscometer is a Helmholtz resonator composed of two chambers coupled by a duct of radius rd. In the lowest order, eta=pi f rho(rd/Q)2, where f and Q are the frequency and quality factor of the isolated Greenspan mode, and rho is the gas density. In this level of approximation, the viscosity can be determined by measuring the duct radius and frequency response of the resonator. In the full acoustic model of the resonator, the duct is represented by a T-equivalent circuit, the chambers as lumped impedances, and the effects of the diverging fields at the duct ends by lumped end impedances with inertial and resistive components. The model accounts for contributions to 1/Q from thermal dissipation (primarily localized in the chambers) and from a capillary used for filling and evacuating the resonator. A robust, prototype instrument is being used for measuring the viscosity of reactive gases used in semiconductor processing. For well-characterized surrogate gases, the prototype viscometer generated values of eta that were within +/-0.8% of published reference values throughout the pressure range 0.2-3.2 MPa. Remarkably, we achieved this level of agreement by only slight adjustment of the numerically calculated inertial and resistive end effect parameters to improve the agreement with helium reference values. No other parameters were adjusted.
Evaluation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and cathepsin K in ruptured cranial cruciate ligaments in dogs (2002)

Ruptured CCL contain greater numbers of cells with the proteinases TRAP and cathepsin K than CCL from healthy, young, or aged dogs. Results suggest that cell-signaling pathways that regulate expression of these proteinases may form part of the mechanism that leads to upregulation of collagenolytic ligament remodeling and progressive structural failure of the CCL over time.
Magnetic Field Effect as a Test for Effectiveness of the Light Emission at the Recombination of Injected Charge Carriers in Polymeric Semiconductors (2005)

ABSTRACT The electroluminescence (EL) of poly [2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene-vinylene] (MEH-PPV) under DC magnetic field has been investigated experimentally and analyzed theoretically. We have estimated the lifetime of intermediate polaron pairs and relation between rate constants of recombination of triplet and singlet polaron pairs from the changes of the EL intensity caused by the DC magnetic field. The short lifetime of the polaron pairs (about 2 × 10−10s) in MEH-PPV has been discussed by taking the intersystem crossing in polaron pairs into consideration.
Similarities and Differences in Genome-Wide Expression Data of Six Organisms (2003)

Comparing genomic properties of different organisms is of fundamental importance in the study of biological and evolutionary principles. Although differences among organisms are often attributed to differential gene expression, genome-wide comparative analysis thus far has been based primarily on genomic sequence information. We present a comparative study of large datasets of expression profiles from six evolutionarily distant organisms: S. cerevisiae, C. elegans, E. coli, A. thaliana, D. melanogaster, and H. sapiens. We use genomic sequence information to connect these data and compare global and modular properties of the transcription programs. Linking genes whose expression profiles are similar, we find that for all organisms the connectivity distribution follows a power-law, highly connected genes tend to be essential and conserved, and the expression program is highly modular. We reveal the modular structure by decomposing each set of expression data into coexpressed modules. Functionally related sets of genes are frequently coexpressed in multiple organisms. Yet their relative importance to the transcription program and their regulatory relationships vary among organisms. Our results demonstrate the potential of combining sequence and expression data for improving functional gene annotation and expanding our understanding of how gene expression and diversity evolved.
Horn array antenna design for Ku-band applications (2015)

In recent years designing array antenna at microwave and millimeter wave frequencies for commercial and military purposes have become popular. The designed feed network causes losses. As frequency increases, losses caused by tangent losses of substrate and roughness of microstrip line increase drastically, especially in microstrip antenna array structures. In this study, we benefited from bandwidth and extremely low loss characteristic of pyramid horn antenna during the design of this antenna, It was designed a rectangular waveguide that will operate between 14 and 14.5 GHz propagating with TE10 mode at the same time has sufficient small dimensions to be able to suppress higher order modes. The feed network consists of rectangular E-plane waveguide power dividers. To overcome grating lobe problems caused by distance between any unit elements that was selected for mechanical issues, it was used grid structure for every unit. The antenna designed by using CST STUDIO SUITE that uses time domain computational electromagnetics.
Programmable fiber optic delay line (1994)

This paper describes a novel programmable delay line that generates up to 50 ns of true time-delay in discrete 10 ns intervals. The delay line consists of an externally modulated wavelength tunable fiber laser and a six-element wavelength multiplexed fiber Bragg grating array, with the grating spacing set to yield the desired delay.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Antigenic variation of <i>Anaplasma marginale msp</i>2 occurs by combinatorial gene conversion (2002)

The rickettsial pathogen Anaplasma marginale establishes lifelong persistent infection in the mammalian reservoir host, during which time immune escape variants continually arise in part because of variation in the expressed copy of the immunodominant outer membrane protein MSP2. A key question is how the small 1.2 Mb A. marginale genome generates sufficient variants to allow long-term persistence in an immunocompetent reservoir host. The recombination of whole pseudogenes into the single msp2 expression site has been previously identified as one method of generating variants, but is inadequate to generate the number of variants required for persistent infection. In the present study, we demonstrate that recombination of a whole pseudogene is followed by a second level of variation in which small segments of pseudogenes recombine into the expression site by gene conversion. Evidence for four short sequential changes in the hypervariable region of msp2 coupled with the identification of nine pseudogenes from a single strain of A. marginale provides for a combinatorial number of possible expressed MSP2 variants sufficient for lifelong persistence.
ESL design and multi-core validation using the System-on-Chip Environment (2010)

Design at the Electronic System-Level (ESL) tackles the increasing complexity of embedded systems by raising the level of abstraction in system specification and modeling. Aiming at an automated top-down synthesis flow, effective ESL design frameworks are needed in transforming and refining the highlevel design models until a satisfactory multi-processor system-on-chip (MPSoC) implementation is reached. In this paper, we provide an overview of the System-on-Chip Environment (SCE), a SpecC-based ESL framework for heterogeneous MPSoC design. Our SCE framework has been shown effective for its designer-controlled top-down refinement-based design methodology. After reviewing the SCE design flow, this paper highlights our recent extension of the SCE simulation engine to support multi-core parallel simulation for fast validation of large MPSoC designs. We demonstrate the benefits of the parallel simulation using a case study on a H.264 video decoder application.
Intermittent Arcing Fault on Underground Low-Voltage Cables (2004)

Arcing faults on 600/347-V underground cables can cause considerable damage, even explosions, despite the installed protection system. In fact, the protection sometimes appears to be quite slow to operate considering the prospective short circuit. Laboratory tests provided an opportunity to better characterize these arcing faults and prove that they can be intermittent. They can be quite random in nature, usually comprising periods of conduction lasting one half-cycle separated by periods of nonconduction lasting from a few cycles to several minutes. This type of fault can easily make fuse-type protection ineffective, as other tests proved. The fuse operating time can become even longer, to the extent that explosive gases will form.
A New Method for the Selective Hydroxy- and Methoxyacylation of the Double Bond of Conjugated Enynes (1984)

Synthese d'alcoxy alcynones a partir de butene-1yne-3, de son derive methyle en 2, des ethynyl-1-cyclopentene et cyclohexene et du dicobalt octacarbonyle (ce dernier formant un complexe au niveau de la liaison triple)
Upper and lower extremity robotic devices for rehabilitation and for studying motor control. (2003)

Technical possibilities are one aspect, but multi-centre trials and a consideration of the unsubstantiated fears among therapists of being replaced by machines will decide on the successful implementation of this most promising field to the benefit of patients.
Regulation and function of the melanization reaction in Drosophila (2009)

The melanization reaction, involving the synthesis of melanin to encapsulate pathogens, is a prominent immune response in Drosophila, the mosquito and other insects and arthropods. Biochemical studies with large insects have defined a basic model for how melanization is activated and regulated upon microbial infection. In this model, recognition of a microorganism triggers a serine protease cascade that activates phenol oxidase (PO), a key enzyme in the melanin biosynthetic pathway, and serpin-type protease inhibitors are involved in inhibiting the cascade. In the past few years, genetic studies in Drosophila have identified serine proteases and serpins that regulate activation of PO and melanization in vivo. These studies, along with molecular genetic analysis of melanization in the mosquito, have provided new insight into the role that melanization plays in fighting microbial infection.
Optical properties of isotropic chiral media (1996)

A review is given of the optical properties of isotropic chiral media, based on the symmetrized constitutive relations of Condon. The review includes discussion of wave propagation in chiral media, and derivation of the reflection and transmission amplitudes of an isotropic optically active medium, and of a layer resting on a substrate. Boundary conditions and energy conservation relations are derived. For the chiral layer, simple formulae are given for the reflection and transmission coefficients at normal incidence, in the weak chirality limit, near the critical angles, and for a thin layer. Analytic expressions are given for all the reflection and transmission amplitudes in the general case. An ellipsometric method of measuring the chirality of very small sample volumes is suggested.
Fabrication and mobility characteristics of SiGe surface channel pMOSFETs with a HfO/sub 2//TiN gate stack (2006)

This paper describes an extensive experimental study of TiN/HfO/sub 2//SiGe and TiN/HfO/sub 2//Si cap/SiGe gate stacked-transistors. Through a careful analysis of the interface quality (interface states and roughness), we demonstrate that an ultrathin silicon cap is mandatory to obtain high hole mobility enhancement. Based on quantum mechanical simulations and capacitance-voltage characterization, we show that this silicon cap is not contributing any silicon parasitic channel conduction and degrades by only 1 /spl Aring/ the electrical oxide thickness in inversion. Due to this interface optimization, Si/sub 0.72/Ge/sub 0.28/ pMOSFETs exhibit a 58% higher mobility at high effective field (1 MV/cm) than the universal SiO/sub 2//Si reference and a 90% higher mobility than the HfO/sub 2//Si reference. This represents one of the best hole mobility results at 1 MV/cm ever reported with a high-/spl kappa//metal gate stack. We thus validate a possible solution to drastically improve the hole mobility in Si MOSFETs with high-/spl kappa/ gate dielectrics.
Sub-100 nm focused ion beam lithography using ladder silicone spin-on glass (1996)

Focused ion beam lithography using ladder silicone spin-on glass (LS-SOG) as a negative-tone resist was investigated. The use of 200 keV Be2+ ion and tetramethylammoniumhydroxide developer resulted an in 80-nm-width line pattern with a vertical profile. The pattern collapse during the development was avoided by the use of fluorocarbon-based solvent. The development mechanism of LS-SOG was investigated by using nuclear magnetic resonance and gel permeation chromatography analysis.
Fabrication and characterization of poly(methyl methacrylate) microchannels by <b><i>in situ</i></b> polymerization with a novel metal template (2003)

A stainless steel template for the fabrication of plastic microfluidic devices has been developed by photolithography and chemical etching technique. The preparation process of the template is simple, rapid, and low-cost. The cross sectional profiles of raised microchannels on the template are trapezoidal. The surface roughness of the templates was controlled down to 190 nm. The template can be used repeatedly to generate devices reproducibly. The microfluidic devices of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were fabricated by in situ polymerization using the templates. The reproducibility of the fabricated microchannel is high and the relative standard deviation is 0.7% by the in situ polymerization approach. Some physical properties of the polymerized microchannels were characterized including the transparency, the thermal deformation temperature, and the dimensional information. Current monitoring was used to evaluate the electroosmotic flow within the microchannels under the electric field strength of 300 V/cm.
Correcting Distortions in Digital Displays and Projectors Using Real‐Time Digital Image Warping (1999)

Abstract Pixelated displays and projectors based on LCDs cannot correct distortions or perform spatial transformations like CRT‐based systems using electron beam deflection. This paper presents a new programmable warp technology that enables these digital systems to electronically correct distortions and perform spatial transforms. Highlights of an integrated circuit IC that embodies the warp technology are discussed along with common applications. The IC supports input and output resolutions up to UXGA, video picture‐in‐picture, de‐interlacing, frame‐rate conversion and real‐time warp configuration with fully programmable high‐precision coefficients.
Mathematical morphology for 3-D image analysis (2003)

A 3-D segmentation algorithm is presented to extract object surfaces from computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. The algorithm is formulated in the framework of mathematical morphology. The generalized morphological operators are proposed for multidimensional segmentation. A priori knowledge of the approximate location of the object surface is communicated to the algorithm via the definition of the search space. The algorithm uses this definition of the search space to obtain the surface candidate elements. The search-space specification reduces the computational cost and increases the reliability of the detected features. The detected surface is represented as a hierarchical combination of patches. Initial results obtained by using the algorithm to segment 4-D images of the beating heart are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Supported Gold Nanoparticles from Quantum Dot to Mesoscopic Size Scale:  Effect of Electronic and Structural Properties on Catalytic Hydrogenation of Conjugated Functional Groups (2000)

Titania- and zirconia-supported gold particles of 1−5 nm size, prepared by various routes of synthesis, were employed in the partial hydrogenation of acrolein. In-depth characterization of their structural and electronic properties by electron microscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, and optical absorption spectroscopy aimed at disclosing the nature of the active sites controlling the hydrogenation of CO vs CC bonds. The structural characteristics of the catalysts, as mean particle size, size distribution, and dispersion, distinctly depend on the synthesis applied and the oxide support used whereby the highest gold dispersion (DAu = 0.78, Au/TiO2) results from a modified sol−gel technique. For extremely small gold particles on titania and zirconia (1.1 and 1.4 nm mean size), conduction electron spin resonance of the metal and paramagnetic F-centers (trapped electrons in oxygen vacancies) of the support were observed. Besides the influence of the surface geometry on the adsorption mode of the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde, the marked structure sensitivity of the catalytic properties with decreasing particle size is attributed to the electron-donating character of paramagnetic F-centers forming electron-rich gold particles as active sites. The effect of structural and electronic properties due to the quantum size effect of sufficiently small gold particles on the partial hydrogenation is demonstrated.
Intestinal IL-17 Expression in Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2017)

IL-17 plays important roles in human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, little is known about the possible relation of IL-17 in canine IBD. For comparative medicine and canine disease, it is useful to demonstrate the role of IL-17 in canine IBD. In this study, 7 cases of the dog with IBD typed of lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis without Intestinal lymphoma were examined immunohistochemically for possible relation with IL-17. Here, we found that IL-17 is expressed in intestinal mucosa of the dog with IBD. Among 7 cases, there are strong expressions of IL-17 in cases 2, moderate expression of it in cases 2, weak expression of it in cases 2, and very low expression of it in case 1. The score of IL-17 expression is not correlated with sex, age, and the breed. Using biopsy specimen, our results revealed the immunopathological relevance of IL-17 in the dog with IBD.
Determination of Crop Water Stress Index for Irrigation Timing and Yield Estimation of Corn (2000)

Corn ( Zea mays L.) grown under a Mediterranean semiarid climate requires supplemental irrigation to maximize the grain yield. Since the cost of irrigation application has been increasing, elimination of unnecessary irrigation applications would improve economics of corn production. There has been much interest in the crop water stress index (CWSI) as a potential tool for irrigation scheduling and yield estimation. An experiment was conducted to monitor and quantify water stress, and to develop parameters for irrigation scheduling and grain yield of summer‐grown corn as a function of CWSI under Mediterranean semiarid cropping conditions. Three irrigation treatments were based on replenishing the 0.9‐m deep root zone to field capacity when the soil water level dropped to 25, 50, and 75% of available water holding capacity (AWHC). A dryland treatment was also included. The lower (nonstressed) and upper (stressed) baselines were measured to calculate CWSI. An equation that can be used to calculate the yield potential of summer‐grown corn under a Mediterranean climate was developed using the relationship between the corn grain yield and the seasonal mean CWSI. Permitting the seasonal average CWSI value to exceed more than 0.22 resulted in decreased corn grain yield. The CWSI behaved as expected, dropping to near zero following an irrigation and increasing gradually as corn plants depleted soil water reserves. We concluded that CWSI is a useful tool to monitor and quantify the water stress of corn under a Mediterranean climate.
Plasticized Biodegradable Poly(lactic acid) Based Composites Containing Cellulose in Micro- and Nanosize (2012)

The aim of this work was to study the characteristics of thermal processed poly(lactic acid) composites. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG400), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), and ultrasound-treated microcrystalline cellulose (USMCC) were used in 1, 3, and 5 weight percents to modify the attributes of PLA matrix. The composite films were produced by twin screw extrusion followed by film extrusion. The manufactured PLA-based films were characterized by tensile testing, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), and degradation test.