gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive program verify scheme for improving NAND flash memory performance and lifespan (2012)

Since NAND Hash memory program/erase (PE) cycling gradually degrades the reliability of memory cells, the redundancy of error-correction code (ECC) is determined so as to sufficiently ensure the PE cycling endurance at the end of memory lifetime. Therefore, ECC redundancy is under-utilized when PE cycling number is relatively small at the early lifetime. Considering the variations on program speed and error rate depending on the program step pulse voltage (ΔV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</sub> ) in the incremental step pulse programming (ISPP), an adaptive ΔV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</sub> scheme was proposed in order to improve program performance by exploiting the under-utilized ECC. However, the adaptive ΔV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</sub> scheme missed the problem of increased voltage stress on memory cells at a large ΔV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</sub> . The voltage stress will shorten the lifespan of Hash memory devices. This paper proposes an adaptive V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">verify</sub> scheme, which trades the under-utilized ECC for improving program performance at the early lifetime of Hash memory without decreasing the memory lifetime. The experiments with real NAND Hash chips demonstrate up to 21% of program time improvement and 10% of lifetime improvement over the fixed V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">verify</sub> scheme.
DTC driven single phase fed voltage source inverter with small dc-link capacitor (2005)

In voltage source inverters (VSI) relatively large de-link capacitors are used to provide stable dc-link voltage and energy storage. However electrolytic capacitors are large, heavy and expensive. In many cases the lifetime of the electrolytic capacitor is the main factor that limits the lifetime of the frequency converter. Large de-link capacitor causes high line current peaks during dc-link capacitor load. Power factor correction circuits are traditionally used to correct line current quality in single phase supplied VSI. To overcome the problem of the line current quality and big electrolytic capacitor, a relatively small film capacitor (MPPF, metallized polypropylene film capacitor) is selected. While overcoming the problem of the line current waveform and the life time of the electrolytic capacitor the new problem is arisen in the form of the heavily fluctuating dc-link voltage. This leads to heavily fluctuating torque. Many industrial dynamically low performance applications, such as pumps and fans, are high inertia loads. Thus even heavily fluctuating torque can be tolerated. DTC motor control is used to maintain as smooth torque behavior as possible.
Managing Multi-Task Systems Using Workflow (2007)

This paper presents a survey of current research in the areas of workflow and workflow management systems. We motivate this work by introducing the underlying problems and how they can be addressed by workflow systems. We review and examine the terminology, concepts, methodologies, and problems in the relevant areas. The general requirements of workflow management systems are also introduced and discussed. We present the modeling and specification of both tasks and workflows. We also discuss the dependencies that exist between tasks and how to best define, model and enforce them. An important part of this survey is an examination of important products, including their characteristics and applications. The article is concluded by introducing some research issues which we believe to be critical for the advancement of the theory of workflow as well as the design and usage of workflow management systems.
Development of poly(phthalaldehydes) as CDR polymers: Imparting amplified responses to stimuli-responsive materials (2015)

The emerging field of CDr polymers (polymers that are capable of continuous depolymerization mediated by a reaction based detection unit) represent a unique opportunity to develop materials that provide an highly selective amplified response to a specific stimulus. The design of CDr polymers feature a polymer capped with a stabilizing functionality chosen specifically to respond to a chemical or physical signal. When the signal of interest cleaves the bond between the polymer and this cap, the resulting polymer continuously and completely depolymerizes from head-to-tail. Poly(phthalaldehyde) (PPA) and its derivatives are a class of CDr polymers that depolymerize to monomer completely in seconds to minutes in environments that vary substantially in polarity. This dissertation describes efforts (i) to develop new methodology for synthesizing PPA, which enabled research into using PPA as stimuli-responsive microscale pumps and core-shell microcapsules, and (ii) to synthesize a novel poly(phthalaldehyde) derivative (poly(4,5-dichlorophthalaldehyde, PCl2PA) with improved stability, which led to use of PCl2PA as multi-responsive materials prepared using selective laser sintering.
A light-regulated DNA-binding activity interacts with a conserved region of a Lemna gibba rbcS promoter. (1990)

We have characterized a DNA-binding activity, designated light-regulated nuclear factor (LRF-1), which interacted with a specific sequence located 150 nucleotides upstream from the transcription start site of a phytochrome-regulated Lemna gibba rbcS gene (SSU5B). There was a higher level of LRF-1 activity recovered from nuclei of light-grown plants than from dark-treated plants. In light-grown plants given a 1-day dark treatment, either white light or a single 2-min red illumination caused a rapid twofold to threefold increase in this activity, suggesting that the phytochrome system is probably involved in its regulation. The nuclear extracts also contained an activity that bound specifically to Box II sequences from a pea rbcS gene [Green, P.J., Yong, M.H., Cuozzo, M., Kano-Murakami, Y., Silverstein, P., and Chua, N.-H. (1988). EMBO J. 7, 4035-4044], but this activity was not higher in the light-grown compared with the dark-treated plants. Comparison of about 700 base pairs upstream from the SSU5B transcription start site with the upstream sequences of two other Lemna rbcS genes revealed several conserved regions. One of these regions is found upstream of rbcS genes in other species and is contained in the sequence which was shown to interact with LRF-1.
Grain Size and Orientation Distribution Function of High Purity α‐Titanium (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Hall-Petch Relationships Modified Taylor Viscoplastic Model for High Purity αt-Titanium Experimental Methods on High Purity α-Titanium Calibration and Evaluation of Model Discussion of Results Conclusions Acknowledgement References
Development of algorithms for on-focal plane gamma circumvention and time delay integration (1989)

Algorithms are described for ordering, averaging, and spike adaptive non-linear gamma circumvention. These algorithms take advantage of the nominally matched-insignal and position-correlated samples from the detectors of the time delay integration (TDI) chain of a scanning sensor. The effects of averaging and median (ordering) filtering on Gaussian noise and Gaussian plus gamma noise are presented along with the requirement for additional post filtering for these algorithms. Monte Carlo techniques are used to predict the performance of the various circumvention algorithms for both endoatmospheric and exoatmospheric applications. Finally, selected gamma circumvention algorithms suitable for on-focal plane mechanization using large scale integration (LSI) technology are presented.
The swarm and the queen: towards a deterministic and adaptive particle swarm optimization (2003)

A very simple particle swarm optimization iterative algorithm is presented, with just one equation and one social/confidence parameter. We define a "no-hope" convergence criterion and a "rehope" method so that, from time to time, the swarm re-initializes its position, according to some gradient estimations of the objective function and to the previous re-initialization (it means it has a kind of very rudimentary memory). We then study two different cases, a quite "easy" one (the Alpine function) and a "difficult" one (the Banana function), but both just in dimension two. The process is improved by taking into account the swarm gravity center (the "queen") and the results are good enough so that it is certainly worthwhile trying the method on more complex problems.
Donor–acceptor conjugated ladder polymer <i>via</i> aromatization-driven thermodynamic annulation (2018)

The construction of coplanar conjugated ladder polymers featuring alternating donor–acceptor units has been achieved in high efficiency using ring-closing olefin metathesis.
GaAs/Si tandem solar cell using epitaxial lift-off technique (2003)

The transplantation of GaAs solar cell from GaAs substrate to Si substrate without degrading the conversion efficiency is possible. The crystal quality of the transplanted GaAs film on Si substrate is comparable to that grown on GaAs substrate and much higher than that grown on Si substrate by heteroepitaxy. The conversion efficiencies of GaAs solar cell bonded to Si substrate and homoepitaxial GaAs solar cell without antireflection coating are 13.7% and 14.1% (AM0, 1 sun), respectively. The GaAs/Si tandem solar cell with the efficiency of 19.4% (top cell: 18.2%, bottom cell: 1.2%) has been demonstrated.
Robust-Fidelity Atom-Photon Entangling Gates in the Weak-Coupling Regime (2012)

We describe a simple entangling principle based on the scattering of photons off single emitters in one-dimensional waveguides (or extremely lossy cavities). The scheme can be applied to polarization- or time bin-encoded photonic qubits, and features a filtering mechanism that works effectively as a built-in error-correction directive. This automatically maps imperfections from the dominant sources of errors into heralded losses instead of infidelities, something highly advantageous, for instance, in quantum information applications. The scheme is thus adequate for high-fidelity maximally entangling gates even in the weak-coupling regime. These, in turn, can be directly used to store and retrieve photonic-qubit states, thereby completing an atom-photon interface toolbox, or applied to sequential measurement-based quantum computations with atomic memories.
Pulse pressure is associated with Alzheimer biomarkers in cognitively normal older adults (2013)

PP elevation is associated with increased CSF P-tau and decreased Aβ1-42 in cognitively normal older adults, suggesting that pulsatile hemodynamics may be related to amyloidosis and tau-related neurodegeneration. The relationship between PP and CSF biomarkers is age-dependent and observed only in participants in the fifth and sixth decades of life.
Reliable multicast file transfer on the inter-university satellite network (2002)

We developed a reliable multicast program module to transfer files efficiently on the inter-university satellite network which is called SCS (Space Collaboration System). SCS consists of 139 VSAT (very small aperture terminal) stations at universities and has been used for sharing classes, debates, and symposiums at distant places, exchanging audiovisual signals. To provide data sharing services, we try to install a function of the multicast file transfer to SCS as the first step of computer communications. Error control is necessary for the reliable file transfer. The program uses selective-repeat ARQ (automatic repeat request) with multiple transmissions. We implemented the reliable multicast file transfer program to two VSAT stations in order to measure the performance using a satellite link with a transmission rate of 1536 kbit/s and a terrestrial network of the 10 Mbit/s Ethernet. The results show a throughput of 1.3 Mbit/s including the overheads, which is the maximum performance of the multicast program in the network configuration.
Structure and Corrosion Behavior of Conversion Coatings on Magnesium Alloys (2000)

We studied various types of surface treatments for magnesium alloys that involved the application of chromium or manganese by measuring their corrosion potential using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, auger electron spectroscopy, and microscopic examination. The chromium-conversion coating is composed primarily of amorphous trivalent chromium oxide (or hydroxide) and a fluoride of magnesium and aluminum. The permanganate-conversion coatings, we obtained by adding HF to the immersion bath, consisted of a film that was composed primarily of manganese oxides and magnesium fluoride, We found that these films formed an amorphous composite coating In addition, we examined the corrosion resistance of AZ91D magnesium alloy die-cast panels with various surface treatments. The exposure tests, we performed in Miyakojima, indicated that the anodic c oxidation coating and the MX1-type surface treatment containing chromate, which result in relatively thick coatings, are superior in corrosion resistance. The corrosion resistance of permanganate chemical conversion coatings is comparable with that of chromium conversion coatings.
Synthesis of Amphiphilic Piperidinium Derivatives. Cationic Lipids 41 (1996)

A series of novel amphiphilic piperidinium salts for use in cationic liposome mediated gene transfection was prepared. The synthesis involves the introduction of the lipophilic part of the cationic lipid through formation of biodegradable ester bonds, with subsequent alkylation of the heterocyclic nitrogen atoms to complete the lipid polar head group.
Towards jointly optimal rate allocation for multiple videos with possibly different frame rates (2002)

We consider joint rate-distortion (R-D) coding of multiple videos over multiple frames for transmission over a shared channel, where the videos may have different frame rates. We present a solution approach under channel rate and buffer size constraints. The approach is demonstrably suboptimal theoretically in several respects. Nevertheless, simulation results show a significant reduction in distortion compared to coding without such regard for the relative R-D characteristics of the multiple videos.
A spiral radial line slot array antenna with metallic standoffs for deep space missions (2017)

A spiral Radial Line Slot Array antenna without dielectric loading or slow-wave material was designed for deep space applications. Metallic and Dielectric standoffs are investigated to separate the slotted plate from the ground plane. The antenna was designed for the X-band Deep Space Network (DSN) frequencies of 7.2 and 8.4 GHz. A Pareto genetic algorithm was used to determine the optimal trade-offs in performance at 7.2 and 8.4 GHz.
ChemInform Abstract: Bryostatin: A Novel Asymmetric Synthesis of the C<sub>27</sub>—C<sub>34</sub> Fragment Starting from (R)‐Carvone as Chiral Template. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Secretion of IgG<sub>1</sub> induction factor by T cell clones and hybridomas (1985)

IgG1 induction factor elevates the IgG1 response induced by lipopolysaccharide and suppresses the lipopolysaccharide-induced IgG3 and IgG2b responses in cultures of mouse spleen cells. We have developed new T cell lines secreting this factor by cloning mixed lymphocyte culture populations. Using supernatants of one of these T cell lines it was found that the assay is quantitative, reproducible and accurate, both when induction of IgG1 as well as reduction of IgG3 and IgG2b were measured. Using this analysis, different conditions to induce maximal production of the factor were tested. The cell line was thereafter used as fusion partner with a T cell lymphoma. The hybrids were selected in the presence of T cell growth factor and all of them secreted IgG1 induction factor.
Low Cost Silicon for Solar Energy Conversion Applications (1978)

Economically viable means of producing silicon solar cells for the conversion of solar energy into electric power are discussed. Emphasis is given to the discussion of crystal growth techniques capable of growing single-crystal silicon ribbons directly and inexpensively from molten silicon. The capillary action shaping technique (CAST) recently developed by IBM has a good potential for producing low cost silicon sheets suitable for solar cells. This technique has produced ribbon 100 mm wide and 0.3 mm thick. Problems that CAST must overcome in order to supply material for low cost solar cells are discussed. Economic and technological computer-modeled comparisons indicate that continuously grown CAST ribbons of these dimensions can meet a cost objective below $50/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of sheet material. The results require that it be possible to fabricate a twelve-percent-efficient solar cell from CAST ribbon 100 mm wide and 0.3 mm thick at a polycrystalline silicon cost of $10/kg.
Nutrition, the Brain and Alzheimerʼs Disease (1988)

Genetics has been implicated in certain types of Alzheimer's disease, and long term nutrition may be an important environmental factor that triggers the onset of the disease. The stakes are high and the problem complex. All avenues of research must be pursued to eventually prevent this dreaded disease.
Treatment with gallium nitrate: Evidence for interference with iron metabolism in vivo (1992)

Gallium, when bound to transferrin, has been previously shown to cause tumor cell cytotoxicity by preventing cellular uptake of transferrin bound iron in vitro. Patients treated with constant infusion gallium nitrate for carcinoma show a rise in serum iron within 6 hr of the start of treatment. Serum iron returns to baseline by 24 hr post-infusion. Atomic analysis of iron and gallium content of Sephadex G-150 fractions of treatment sera indicate that about an equimolar amount of gallium and iron are associated with transferrin. These gallium and iron concentrations result in inhibition of transferrin mediated iron uptake in vitro, and in vivo allow for > 90% saturation of transferrin with metal. All seven patients who completed two courses of gallium therapy exhibited hypochromic microcytic anemia (mean fall in hemoglobin 3.5 grams %). Evidence for red cell iron depletion was confirmed by an increase (mean 3.3-fold) in zinc protoporphyrin levels. Since transferrin receptor increases on gallium treated iron requiring cells in vitro, we assessed cell surface transferrin receptor on peripheral blood lymphocytes by measuring fluorescent transferrin receptor antibody binding. A population of highly transferrin receptor positive cells peaks at 48 hr into the infusion. DNA analysis as well as double staining indicate the majority of transferrin receptor positive cells are unstimulated B lymphocytes. These studies provide the first documentation that constant infusion gallium treatment results in significant interference with iron metabolism and evidence for tissue iron depletion in vivo. These changes may correlate with therapeutic effects of gallium such as tumor response.
The SNP rs6441224 influences transcriptional activity and prognostically relevant hypermethylation of RARRES1 in prostate cancer (2012)

Abstract Epigenetic aberrations are frequent in prostate cancer and could be useful for detection and prognostication. However, the underlying mechanisms and the sequence of these changes remain to be fully elucidated. The tumor suppressor gene RARRES1 ( TIG1 ) is frequently hypermethylated in several cancers. Having noted changes in the expression of its paralogous neighbor gene LXN at 3q25.32, we used pyrosequencing to quantify DNA methylation at both genes and determine its relationship with clinicopathological parameters in 86 prostate cancer tissues from radical prostatectomies. Methylation at LXN and RARRES1 was highly correlated. Increasing methylation was associated with worse clinical features, including biochemical recurrence, and decreased expression of both genes. However, expression of three neighboring genes was unaffected. Intriguingly, RARRES1 methylation was influenced by the genotype of the rs6441224 single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in its promoter. We found that this SNP is located within an ETS‐family‐response element and that the more strongly methylated allele confers lower activity in reporter assays. Concomitant methylation of RARRES1 and LXN in cancerous tissues was also detected in prostate cancer cell lines and was shown to be associated with repressive histone modifications and transcriptional downregulation. In conclusion, we found that genotype‐associated hypermethylation of the ETS‐family target gene RARRES1 influences methylation at its neighbor gene LXN and could be useful as a prognostic biomarker.
Node localization using mobile robots in delay-tolerant sensor networks (2005)

We present a novel scheme for node localization in a delay-tolerant sensor network (DTN). In a DTN, sensor devices are often organized in network clusters that may be mutually disconnected. Some mobile robots may be used to collect data from the network clusters. The key idea in our scheme is to use this robot to perform location estimation for the sensor nodes it passes based on the signal strength of the radio messages received from them. Thus, we eliminate the processing constraints of static sensor nodes and the need for static reference beacons. Our mathematical contribution is the use of a robust extended Kalman filter (REKF)-based state estimator to solve the localization. Compared to the standard extended Kalman filter, REKF is computationally efficient and also more robust. Finally, we have implemented our localization scheme on a hybrid sensor network test bed and show that it can achieve node localization accuracy within 1 m in a large indoor setting.
Florid Refractory Schizophrenias That Turn Out to Be Treatable Variants of HLA-Associated Narcolepsy (1991)

Narcolepsy in which the hallucinatory component is unusually prominent may lead to the development of an illness indistinguishable from the schizophrenic syndrome. Psychotic symptoms dominate the symptomatology, so that the primary illness is obscured. Five patients are described for whom conventional antipsychotic drugs were ineffectual, but for whom treatment with stimulants produced substantial improvement. The diagnosis of narcolepsy was confirmed by Human Leukocyte Antigen typing and sleep laboratory testing. These results support the "REM intrusion" hypothesis of the causation of schizophrenia in as many as 7% of a series of schizophrenic patients. Implications for diagnosis and treatment are discussed.