gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antitumor Activity of Resveratrol and its Sulfated Metabolites against Human Breast Cancer Cells (2009)

Resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxy- trans-stilbene) is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound found in grapes, wine and medicinal plants with a variety of biological and pharmacological activities including pronounced anticancer properties. These effects are observed despite its extremely low bioavailability and rapid clearance from the circulation due to extensive sulfation and glucuronidation in the intestine and liver. In order to determine whether its metabolites demonstrate any cytotoxic properties, three major human sulfated conjugates of resveratrol were synthesized and their anticancer activity evaluated against three breast cancer cell lines (two hormone-dependent: MCF-7 and ZR-75-1; one hormone-independent: MDA-MB-231) and one immortalized breast epithelial cell line (MCF-10A). We found that, in contrast to resveratrol, all three sulfated metabolites were less potent against MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and ZR-75-1 cells ( trans-resveratrol 3- O-sulfate < trans-resveratrol 4'- O-sulfate < trans-resveratrol 3- O-4'- O-disulfate) indicating that any conjugation of the phenolic groups with sulfuric acid strongly affecting the cytotoxicity. Interestingly, all sulfated metabolites were reduced about 10-fold, but showed nearly equal cytotoxicity towards nonmalignant MCF-10A breast cells (IC (50 s): 202-228 microM). In summary, in contrast to resveratrol its sulfated metabolites showed poor cytotoxicity in human malignant and nonmalignant breast cancer cell lines. However, the in vitro activity of the metabolites may not necessarily reflect their in vivo function, given the fact that the ubiquitously existing human sulfatases could convert the metabolites back to resveratrol in humans.
Wideband slot antennas for radar applications (2004)

In this paper a printed dipole antenna and three slot antennas are designed to operate at 10 GHz for use in radar systems. A parametric study of each antenna and comparison between their radiation properties including return loss, bandwidth, directivity, efficiency and radiation patterns for 6-element linear array are introduced. Microstrip slot antennas show wider bandwidth, less coupling and smaller antenna size compared with the traditional printed dipole.
Synthesis of An Elicitor-Active Hexaglucoside Analog by a One-Pot, Two-Step Glycosidation Procedure (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of An Elicitor-Active Hexaglucoside Analog by a One-Pot, Two-Step Glycosidation ProcedureHaruo Yamada, Takeo Harada, and Takashi TakahashiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 17, 7919–7920Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00096a068https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00096a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views774Altmetric-Citations134LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Why do beliefs about intelligence influence learning success? A social cognitive neuroscience model (2006)

Students' beliefs and goals can powerfully influence their learning success. Those who believe intelligence is a fixed entity (entity theorists) tend to emphasize 'performance goals,' leaving them vulnerable to negative feedback and likely to disengage from challenging learning opportunities. In contrast, students who believe intelligence is malleable (incremental theorists) tend to emphasize 'learning goals' and rebound better from occasional failures. Guided by cognitive neuroscience models of top-down, goal-directed behavior, we use event-related potentials (ERPs) to understand how these beliefs influence attention to information associated with successful error correction. Focusing on waveforms associated with conflict detection and error correction in a test of general knowledge, we found evidence indicating that entity theorists oriented differently toward negative performance feedback, as indicated by an enhanced anterior frontal P3 that was also positively correlated with concerns about proving ability relative to others. Yet, following negative feedback, entity theorists demonstrated less sustained memory-related activity (left temporal negativity) to corrective information, suggesting reduced effortful conceptual encoding of this material-a strategic approach that may have contributed to their reduced error correction on a subsequent surprise retest. These results suggest that beliefs can influence learning success through top-down biasing of attention and conceptual processing toward goal-congruent information.
Comparative pharmacokinetic, immunologic and hematologic studies on the anti-HIV-1/2 compounds aconitylated and succinylated HSA (1996)

Charge modification by succinylation or cis-aconitylation of the terminal epsilon NH2 functions of the amino acid lysine in human serum albumin, resulted in polyanionic compounds with an anti-HIV-1 activity in the low nanomolar concentration range. After iv injections in rats of the negatively charged albumins (NCAs), a dose dependent elimination pattern was observed indicating a saturable eliminations pathway. The Michaelis-Menten parameters Vmax and K(m) were 62 +/- 8 micrograms.min-1.kg-1 and 16 +/- 4 micrograms.ml-1 (Clintr 3.9 +/- 1.1 ml.min-1.kg-1) and 74 +/- 6 micrograms.min-1.kg-1 and 11 +/- 2 micrograms.ml-1 (Clintr 6.7 +/- 1.2 ml.min-1.kg-1) for aconitylated-HSA (Aco-HSA) and succinylated-HSA (Suc-HSA) respectively, using 125I-labelled proteins. The volume of distribution (V) of both compounds was approximately 60 ml.kg-1. Coadministration of poly-inosinic acid and formaldehyde treated albumin showed a marked inhibition of blood clearance indicating that the compounds are mainly cleared from the bloodstream by scavenger receptors on liver and spleen endothelial cells and macrophages. The Michaelis-Menten constant K(m) was remarkably higher when the hydrophobic flurophore fluorescein was covalently linked to the protein, indicating that the affinity for the scavenger receptors is largely decreased by FiTC conjugation. The latter observation may have implications for the kinetic behavior of drug-carrier preparations if antiviral drugs like AZT or PMEA are linked to these intrinsic active carriers. In contrast to other polyanionic compounds like heparins and dextran sulfate, these NCAs did not exhibit acute toxicity and had no effect on blood coagulation. They neither had an effect on the lymphocyte proliferation. Studies on immunogenicity of the homologous derivatized albumins in rats did not show a significant response. The present pharmacokinetic and toxicologic data of Suc-HSA and Aco-HSA show that both compounds are interesting preparations for studies in SIV infected monkeys and AIDS patients.
Single-Cell Measurements of the Contributions of Cytosolic Na+ and K+ to Salt Tolerance (2003)

Ion concentrations in the roots of two barley (Hordeum vulgare) varieties that differed in NaCl tolerance were compared after exposure to NaCl. Triple-barreled H(+)-, K(+)-, and Na(+)-selective microelectrodes were used to measure cytosolic activities of the three ions after 5 and 8 d of NaCl stress. In both varieties of barley, it was only possible to record successfully from root cortical cells because the epidermal cells appeared to be damaged. The data show that from the 1st d of full NaCl stress, there were differences in the way in which the two varieties responded. At 5 d, the tolerant variety maintained a 10-fold lower cytosolic Na(+) than the more sensitive variety, although by 8 d the two varieties were not significantly different. At this time, the more tolerant variety was better at maintaining root cytosolic K(+) in the high-NaCl background than was the more sensitive variety. In contrast to earlier work on K(+)-starved barley (Walker et al., 1996), there was no acidification of the cytosol associated with the decreased cytosolic K(+) activity during NaCl stress. These single-cell measurements of cytosolic and vacuolar ion activities allow calculation of thermodynamic gradients that can be used to reveal (or predict) the type of active transporters at both the plasma membrane and tonoplast.
Decoupled Reference-Voltage-Based Active DC-Link Stabilization for PMSM Drives With Tight-Speed Regulation (2011)

Reference-current-based active compensation techniques are widely used to actively damp the negative admittance effect associated with constant power loads in power electronic systems. These methods, however, yield strong coupling among the active compensator, speed, and current control dynamics when applied to motor drives. To overcome these difficulties, a new reference-voltage-based active compensator (RVC) is proposed to mitigate the negative admittance effect in permanent-magnet synchronous motor drives with tight-speed regulation. The proposed RVC suppresses the interaction dynamics between the compensator and motor drive dynamics in the low- and medium-frequency regions and maintains stability and effective damping performance along the whole loading trajectory of the motor drive. In addition, the proposed compensator has a very simple structure, and it can easily be augmented to existing motor drives with minimal interactions with existing drive control strategy and parameters. A theoretical comparative analysis and test results are provided to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Live attenuated measles virus vaccine induces apoptosis and promotes tumor regression in lung cancer (2012)

Although the treatment of lung carcinoma has improved, at least 65% of patients with this tumor succumb to progressive disease. Measles virus oncolytic therapy has been reported to be effective in reducing tumor burden in immunocompetent or nude mice; however, its potential to reduce tumor burden in lung carcinoma remains to be determined. Herein, we report the potent antitumor effects of a live attenuated measles vaccine virus Hu-191 strain (MV) against lung carcinoma. Immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells were treated with MV (1x104 to 1x106 CCID50/ml) once every other day for 10 days. Our results showed that treatment with MV effectively suppressed tumor growth and significantly prolonged the survival time of tumor-bearing animals. Histological examination revealed that the antitumor effects of MV therapy may result from increased induction of apoptosis, tumor necrosis and elevated lymphocyte infiltration. Our data suggest that MV, one of the widely used vaccines in China, has the ability to inhibit the growth of mouse lung carcinoma and may prove useful in the further exploration of the application of this approach in the treatment of human advanced lung cancer.
Domain Swapping Reveals Complement Control Protein Modules Critical for Imparting Cofactor and Decay-Accelerating Activities in Vaccinia Virus Complement Control Protein (2010)

Vaccinia virus encodes a structural and functional homolog of human complement regulators named vaccinia virus complement control protein (VCP). This four-complement control protein domain containing secretory protein is known to inhibit complement activation by supporting the factor I-mediated inactivation of complement proteins, proteolytically cleaved form of C3 (C3b) and proteolytically cleaved form of C4 (C4b) (termed cofactor activity), and by accelerating the irreversible decay of the classical and to a limited extent of the alternative pathway C3 convertases (termed decay-accelerating activity [DAA]). In this study, we have mapped the VCP domains important for its cofactor activity and DAA by swapping its individual domains with those of human decay-accelerating factor (CD55) and membrane cofactor protein (MCP; CD46). Our data indicate the following: 1) swapping of VCP domain 2 or 3, but not 1, with homologous domains of decay-accelerating factor results in loss in its C3b and C4b cofactor activities; 2) swapping of VCP domain 1, but not 2, 3, or 4 with corresponding domains of MCP results in abrogation in its classical pathway DAA; and 3) swapping of VCP domain 1, 2, or 3, but not 4, with homologous MCP domains have marked effect on its alternative pathway DAA. These functional data together with binding studies with C3b and C4b suggest that in VCP, domains 2 and 3 provide binding surface for factor I interaction, whereas domain 1 mediates dissociation of C2a and Bb from the classical and alternative pathway C3 convertases, respectively.
Effect of Nb or/and V Addition and the Amounts of Extracted Carbides on the Strengthening of Hot Rolled Steels (1970)

An investigation was made on the strengthening of as-rolled steels by Nb or/and V addition in termsof the amounts of precipitates of NbC and V4C3. The steels are of two levels of carbon content, 0·05% and 0·18%, and contain 0-0.10% Nb or/and 0-0.20% V. The steels were vacuum melted andhot-rolled to 7mm in thickness through 8 passes and partly 2 passes.The observations by electron microscope were also carried out on the thin foil specimens and theNbC particles extracted from the steels. The features of the precipitates which had an effect onstrengthening of steels were discussed and the new method was adopted to fractionate the NbC precipitatedin ferrite matrix from the total extracted NbC. The main results were as follows:(1) The strengthening per unit addition of Nb, Δσ/%Nb, was nearly the same in the 0·05%Cand0·18%C-steels, but that of V, Δσ/%V increased with C content. Regardless of C content, Δσ/%Nb was greater than Δσ/%V.When compared with the 0·18%C-steels, the features of carbide precipitation in the 0·05%C-steelswere as follows: In the Nb-steels, much amounts of NbC were extracted as the precipitates in ferritematrix and NbC lined up in rows became observable. In the V-steels, both the amounts of V4C3 andthe chance to find out the lined-up V4C3 decreased.(2) The strengthening by simultaneous addition of Nb and V was over the sum of the individualstrengthening in the 0·05%C-steels and below the sum in the 0·18%C-steels. The addition of Nb tothe 0·05%C-V-steels resulted in the increase of the extracted amounts of V4C3 and raised the probabilityto find out the fine carbides in row.All these results can be explained consistently each other in terms of the thermodynamical data onthe carbides in steels, the observed transformation temperature of the steels and the precipitation mechanism of the carbides effective to strengthening of ferrite matrix.
With Whose Hands: Privatization, Public Employment, and Democracy (1988)

Privatization is the public sector analogue of the "runaway shop." In the private sector, the increasing mobility of capital has spawned unprecedented forms of labor discipline by allowing firms to transfer operations between states and even to foreign countries. Privatization- diverting work from the public to the private sector serves a similar purpose. Both privatization and capital flight enable employers to continue providing services or producing products while shedding a web of existing obligations to their employees. In the public sector, however, the rights of labor are coextensive with legislative and constitutional guarantees of fair, open, and vigorous government. The trend toward privatization amounts to a deliberate effort to evade the rules and procedures intrinsic to democratic government.
RUMBA LINGALA E A REVOLUÇÃO NA NACIONALIDADE (2002)

O objetivo deste artigo e discutir as relacoes entre um genero de musica e a situacao politica do Congo Belge e do Moyen-Congo Francais nas decadas de 1930, 1940 e 1950, periodo volatil aproximando independencia. Abrangendo questoes diversas, como tecnologia, lingua, e estilo de desempenho, este artigo propoe que o genero musical chamado ”Rumba Lingala”, inventado nas grandes cidades e centros comerciais, tais como Leopoldville (Kinshasa) e Brazzaville, e influenciado por musica estrangeira, particularmente a de Cuba,
tenha sido revolucionario no jeito de pensar sobre si. Apesar dos musicos terem utilizado elementos estrangeiros na criacao deste novo estilo musical - e talvez por isto mesmo - a musica gerou uma forte mudanca na consciencia de comunidade congolesa, fornecendo uma nova maneira de conceber a nacao, fator necessario na mobilizacao do povo na luta por independencia.
Quantitative nanoscale viscosity measurements using magnetic nanoparticles and SQUID AC susceptibility measurements (2011)

The frequency dependent response of suspended thermally blocked magnetic nanoparticles in an oscillating magnetic field was used to quantitatively determine the nanoscale viscosity of a fluid at various temperatures. The nanoscale viscosity was found to be within 7% of the macroscale viscosity determined through rheology, except at low temperatures where crystallization occurs in the fluid. The range of viscosities accessible through this technique and criteria for selection of the magnetic nanoparticle material are discussed.
Then and Now: On the Maturity of the Cybercrime Markets The Lesson That Black-Hat Marketeers Learned (2015)

Cybercrime activities are supported by infrastructures and services originating from an underground economy. The current understanding of this phenomenon is that the cybercrime economy ought to be fraught with information asymmetry and adverse selection problems. They should make the effects that we observe every day impossible to sustain. In this paper, we show that the market structure and design used by cyber criminals have evolved toward a market design that is similar to legitimate, thriving, online forum markets such as eBay. We illustrate this evolution by comparing the market regulatory mechanisms of two underground forum markets: 1) a failed market for credit cards and other illegal goods and 2) another, extremely active marketplace for vulnerabilities, exploits, and cyber attacks in general. The comparison shows that cybercrime markets evolved from unruly, scam for scammers market mechanisms to mature, regulated mechanisms that greatly favors trade efficiency.
Performance analysis of delay-constrained communications over diverse burst-error channels (2003)

This paper presents analytical methods for evaluating the packet queue length and packet delay probability distributions assuming that packet arrivals are modeled by a batch Markov arrival process (BMAP) and packets are transmitted over channels with bursts of errors which are modeled by hidden Markov models (HMMs) with a finite number of states. Analytical and simulation results are compared to determine the accuracy of the presented methods.
Differential regulation and expression of hyaluronan synthases in human articular chondrocytes, synovial cells and osteosarcoma cells (2001)

Recently three isoforms of hyaluronan synthase (HAS), the enzyme responsible for hyaluronate/hyaluronan (HA) biosynthesis, have been cloned, allowing us to study their expression pattern. Our objective was to determine which of the HAS isoenzymes were expressed in human articular chondrocytes, synovial fibroblasts and osteosarcoma cells, whether their expression could be modulated by growth factors (insulin-like growth factor-1, basic fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor (TGF-beta1) and cytokines [interleukin 1beta1 (IL-1beta)], and whether changes in the rate of HA synthesis by the cells correlated with changes in mRNA levels for one or more of the HAS isoforms. All three HAS isoforms were found to be expressed in the cultured cells analysed in this study, although the relative proportions varied for each cell type. HAS2 mRNA was usually predominant in chondrocytes, whereas synovial cells contained increased amounts of HAS1. HAS3 was always the least abundant message. The rapidly growing osteosarcoma cells contained almost exclusively HAS2 message. HAS usage in uncultured cartilage and synovial tissues was similar to that in the cultured cells, with HAS2 message being the predominant species in cartilage and HAS1 usually being the predominant species in synovium. HA synthesis was stimulated by the growth factors, but the extent of the response was cell-type specific. Synovial cells responded particularly well to IL-1beta, and showed a unique synergistic response when IL-1beta was used in combination with TGF-beta1. This response was much reduced in articular chondrocytes and absent in the osteosarcoma cells. Analysis of changes in HAS message levels indicated that there was often no correlation with the changes in HA secretion following exposure to growth factors. Although HAS-1 mRNA was increased in synovial cells after exposure to TGF-beta1/IL-1beta, the magnitude of the change was far less than the effect on HA synthesis. Our data thus suggest that HAS gene usage is tissue specific, and the regulation by growth factors is unique for each HAS gene and is further modulated by cell-specific factors. In addition, regulation of HA biosynthesis appears to be multi-faceted, with control of HAS gene expression and mRNA levels being only one aspect of this process.
Fast Modulation of Prefrontal Cortex Activity by Basal Forebrain Noncholinergic Neuronal Ensembles (2006)

Traditionally, most basal forebrain (BF) functions have been attributed to its cholinergic neurons. However, the majority of cortical-projecting BF neurons are noncholinergic and their in vivo functions remain unclear. We investigated how BF modulates cortical dynamics by simultaneously recording </=50 BF single neurons along with local field potentials (LFPs) from the prefrontal cortex (PFCx) in different wake-sleep states of adult rats. Using stereotypical spike time correlations, we identified a large (roughly 70%) subset of BF neurons, which we named BF tonic neurons (BFTNs). BFTNs fired tonically at 2-8 Hz without significantly changing their average firing rate across wake-sleep states. As such, these cannot be classified as cholinergic neurons. BFTNs substantially increased the spiking variability during waking and rapid-eye-movement sleep, by exhibiting frequent spike bursts with <50-ms interspike interval. Spike bursts among BFTNs were highly correlated, leading to transient population synchronization events of BFTN ensembles that lasted on average 160 ms. Most importantly, BFTN synchronization occurred preferentially just before the troughs of PFCx LFP oscillations, which reflect increased cortical activity. Furthermore, BFTN synchronization was accompanied by transient increases in prefrontal cortex gamma oscillations. These results suggest that synchronization of BFTN ensembles, which are likely to be formed by cortical-projecting GABAergic neurons from the BF, could be primarily responsible for fast cortical modulations to provide transient amplification of cortical activity.