gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of Somatic Embryogenesis in Saffron Using Thidiazuron (TDZ) (2007)

In vitro propagation of saffron either through somatic embryogenesis or cormogenesis is considered to be an efficient alternative method for large-scale propagation of pathogen-free corms. In order to develop an efficient protocol for in vitro propagation of saffron, a factorial experiment was carried out based on completely randomized design to investigate the effects of various concentrations of TDZ (0, 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 mg L(-1)) on somatic embryogenesis induction from 5 different types of corm explants (terminal or axillary buds, upper or lower parts of the corm tissue and terminal buds from pre-treated corms at 4 degrees C for 2 weeks). The results revealed that TDZ concentrations affected the induction of somatic embryogenesis significantly while different types of corm explants showed no significant effect on this process. Among TDZ concentrations used, 0.5 mg L(-1) was the most effective treatment for embryogenesis induction. Embryogenic calli (globular stage) proliferated well when subcultured into MS medium supplemented with 0.25 mg L(-1) TDZ before transferring to hormone-free MS medium containing 6% sucrose for maturation (scutellar or horn-shape stage). Matured embryos were transferred to half strength MS medium without growth regulators for further development, from which microcorms were produced at the basal part after 3 months.
Metallic superlattices. Artificially structured materials (1987)

Infections during pregnancy can expose the fetus to microbial Ags, leading to inflammation that affects B cell development. Prenatal fetal immune priming may have an important role in infant acquisition of pathogen-specific immunity. We examined plasma proinflammatory biomarkers, the proportions of various B cell subsets, and fetal priming to tetanus vaccination in cord blood from human United States and Kenyan neonates. United States neonates had no identified prenatal infectious exposures, whereas Kenyan neonates examined had congenital CMV or mothers with prenatal HIV or <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> or no identified infectious exposures. Kenyan neonates had higher levels of IP-10, TNF-α, CRP, sCD14, and BAFF than United States neonates. Among the Kenyan groups, neonates with prenatal infections/infectious exposures had higher levels of cord blood IFN-γ, IL-7, sTNFR1, and sTNFR2 compared with neonates with no infectious exposures. Kenyan neonates had greater proportions of activated memory B cells (MBC) compared with United States neonates. Among the Kenyan groups, HIV-exposed neonates had greater proportions of atypical MBC compared with the other groups. Although HIV-exposed neonates had altered MBC subset distributions, detection of tetanus-specific MBC from cord blood, indicative of fetal priming with tetanus vaccine given to pregnant women, was comparable in HIV-exposed and non-HIV-exposed neonates. These results indicate that the presence of infections during pregnancy induces fetal immune activation with inflammation and increased activated MBC frequencies in neonates. The immunologic significance and long-term health consequences of these differences warrant further investigation.
Projective visualization: learning to simulate from experience (1995)

There are many domains in which the ability to predict future states of the world faster than real-time is desirable. Many of these domains are characterized by their dynamic and continuous nature. Experience in such domains is typically low-level and often noisy. One approach to this problem is to frame the problem as a learning task, i.e., how can an agent in an environment learn to predict the effects of her actions through observation. While such predictions may not be completely accurate since they are based on incomplete experience, it is possible that they may be good enough to allow the agent to perform effectively. This is the approach taken by projective visualization, a technique for learning to project the effects of one's actions into the future based on prior experience.
Projective visualization uses a large set of inductively generated decision trees, one for each feature of the case representation, to project a case into the future. The projected case can then serve as a basis for further projection, in a technique called projective simulation. This work describes PVC scLUS, the algorithm used to build case projectors, evaluates the effectiveness of projective visualization, and discusses the application of projective visualization to controlling the actions of an autonomous agent and to simulation in an industrial process-control setting. Further, it is proposed that the architecture for projective visualization is the basis for a cognitive model of human imagery with ties to the mental manipulation of objects, mental practice, perception, and navigation.
It is shown that the error rate for projective simulation is linear for small projection windows, and forms a kneed-over curve for longer projection windows. Error rate is also shown to be inversely proportional to the size of the training set. Finally, it is demonstrated that projective visualization can be used to improve the performance of an autonomous agent.
Multiplierless Piecewise Linear Approximation of Elementary Functions (2006)

In this work a multiplierless architecture for piecewise linear approximation of elementary functions is discussed. By limiting the slope coefficient to a given number of signed-power-of-two (SPT) terms the general multiplier can be replaced by configurable shifts and a multi-input adder. The considered architecture was proposed in an earlier work for use in direct digital frequency synthesizers (DDFS). We extend it to arbitrary functions and propose some techniques to reduce the complexity.
THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON CRIME (1992)

An analysis of annual, quarterly, and monthly data for recorded crime in England and Wales yielded strong evidence that temperature has a positive effect on most types of property and violent crime. The effect was independent of seasonal variation. No relationship between crime and rainfall or hours of sunshine emerged in the study. The main explanation advanced is that in England and Wales higher temperatures cause people to spend more time outside the home. Time spent outside the home, in line with routine activity explanations for crime, has been shown to increase the risk of criminal victimization for most types of crime. The results suggest that temperature is one of the main factors to be taken into account when explaining quarter-to-quarter and month-to-month variations in recorded crime.
Risk of cancer and use of glucose-lowering medications: The DIABMON project. (2014)

e12508 Background: Efficacy of glucose-lowering medications is demonstrated in clinical trials but effectiveness in practice depends on a number of factors including the safety profile. Methods: A systematic evaluation of the published literature has been undertaken to evaluate the effect of such medications on serious adverse events including cancer. Results: No significant difference was found in the incidence of malignancies among rosiglitazone treated patients (SRR=0.91, 95% CI (0.71, 1.16)). In prospective studies, there appears to be an increased risk of bladder cancer among users of pioglitazone when compared to other medications (SRR=1.24, 95% CI (1.05, 1.46)) although the two studies with the best methodology showed no increased risk. Compared to users of other insulins, there is no increased risk of cancer among glargine users in all forms combined (SRR=0.92, 95% CI (0.85, 0.99)) nor in breast cancer (SRR=1.11, 95% CI (0.98, 1.21)), colorectal cancer (SRR=0.85, 95% CI (0.76, 0.95)), prostate cancer (SRR=1.12, 95% CI (0.92, 1.35)), lung cancer (SRR=1.04, 95% CI (0.91, 1.10) nor pancreas cancer (SRR=0.98, 95% CI (0.94, 1.14)). Pancreas cancer has been reported to be increased among users of incretin therapies although few human data are available and more rigorous study is essential. There is no reduction in risk of breast cancer associated with metformin use (SRR=0.96, 95% CI (0.85, 1.08)) even for the longest duration of use (SRR=0.94, 95% CI (0.81, 1.09)). Conclusions: Cancer is a chronic disease which can take many years to develop into a clinical entity from the initial cellular damage. The follow-up time of the studies of glucose-lowering medications is brief by comparison. However, the overall situation regarding an increased risk of cancer with use of glucose-lowering medications appears reasonably reassuring although there are a few specific issues which still require clarification. The need for on-going monitoring is obvious and an on-going project of meta-analyses and their continuous update is on-going in the DIABMON project.
Fluoroquinolones as potential photochemotherapeutic agents: covalent addition to guanosine monophosphate (2010)

The triplet aryl cation photochemically generated from fluoroquinolones bearing a fluoro atom at position 8 attacks guanosine monophosphate (k(r) > 10(9) M(-1)s(-1)) and forms covalent adducts. The reaction is a model for the implementation of oxygen-independent photochemotherapy.
Optimal design of the solar tracker used for a photovoltaic string (2013)

This paper approaches the optimal design of the mono-axial tracking system used for a string of photovoltaic (PV) modules. The tracking mechanism is designed in a CAD (Computer Aided Design) environment (SolidWorks), the solid model being then transferred in the dynamic analysis and optimization environment (adams/View). The control system is designed with adams/Controls and matlab/Simulink, in mechatronic concept, by integrating the mechanical device and the control system at the virtual prototype level. The control method is based on a single-open-loop model with PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controller, having as input the daily angle of the PV string. The output from the control system (i.e., the input in the mechanical device model) is the motor torque developed by the rotary actuator that drives the system. The tracking program has been developed by using an empirical model of the solar irradiation, obtaining the optimal angular field for the daily motion, the number of motion steps, and the actuating time. The optimization purpose is to minimize the tracking error, the design objective's value being the root mean square during simulation. The specific parameters of the PID controller are used as design variables in the optimization process. The investigation strategy is based on a design of experiments technique, obtaining the appropriate regression function. Finally, the physical prototype is developed and tested in real environment, the experimental results being used to validate the virtual prototyping-based simulation.
imputeTS: Time Series Missing Value Imputation in R (2017)

The imputeTS package specializes on univariate time series imputation. It offers multiple state-of-the-art imputation algorithm implementations along with plotting functions for time series missing data statistics. While imputation in general is a well-known problem and widely covered by R packages, finding packages able to fill missing values in univariate time series is more complicated. The reason for this lies in the fact, that most imputation algorithms rely on inter-attribute correlations, while univariate time series imputation instead needs to employ time dependencies. This paper provides an introduction to the imputeTS package and its provided algorithms and tools. Furthermore, it gives a short overview about univariate time series imputation in R.
Diagnostik der Herzfrequenzvariabilität in der Sportmedizin - Rahmenbedingungen und diagnostische Möglichkeiten 1 (2004)

Als wichtige Stellgrose neurovegetativer Regulationsprozesse unterliegt die Herzfrequenz spontanen Schlag-zu-Schlag-Schwankungen, die durch Impulse der efferenten Herznerven Parasympathikus und Sympathikus vermittelt werden. Die Oszillationen der Herzperiodendauern (RR-Intervalle) werden als Herzfrequenzvariabilitat (HRV von „heart rate variability“) bezeichnet. Die Erfassung der HRV aus dem EKG stellt ein sensitives, nichtinvasives Instrument zur qualitativen und quantitativen Beurteilung der kardialen autonomen Reaktionslage dar. Ublicherweise wird die Verteilung der Spektralenergie im Frequenzspektrum der RR-Intervalldauern zur Abschatzung der parasympathisch-sympathischen Gleichgewichtslage herangezogen. Physiologisch uberwiegt dabei in Ruhe die vagale gegenuber der sympathischen kardialen Modulation.
Correction for patient table‐induced scattered radiation in cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) (2011)

Radiotherapy tabletops, which are generally flatter and larger than those used for diagnostic CT, can produce significant scatter-related artifacts. The proposed hybrid SKS algorithm accurately estimates scatter from both the object-of-interest and the patient tabletop, and resulting image uniformities and HU accuracies are greatly improved.
Robust Principal Component Analysis: Exact Recovery of Corrupted Low-Rank Matrices (2009)

This paper has been withdrawn due to a critical error near equation (71). This error causes the entire argument of the paper to collapse. Emmanuel Candes of Stanford discovered the error, and has suggested a correct analysis, which will be reported in a separate publication.
Expression and prognostic impact of lncRNAs in acute myeloid leukemia (2014)

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides, located within the intergenic stretches or overlapping antisense transcripts of protein coding genes. LncRNAs are involved in numerous biological roles including imprinting, epigenetic regulation, apoptosis, and cell cycle. To determine whether lncRNAs are associated with clinical features and recurrent mutations in older patients (aged ≥60 y) with cytogenetically normal (CN) acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we evaluated lncRNA expression in 148 untreated older CN-AML cases using a custom microarray platform. An independent set of 71 untreated older patients with CN-AML was used to validate the outcome scores using RNA sequencing. Distinctive lncRNA profiles were found associated with selected mutations, such as internal tandem duplications in the FLT3 gene (FLT3-ITD) and mutations in the NPM1, CEBPA, IDH2, ASXL1, and RUNX1 genes. Using the lncRNAs most associated with event-free survival in a training cohort of 148 older patients with CN-AML, we derived a lncRNA score composed of 48 lncRNAs. Patients with an unfavorable compared with favorable lncRNA score had a lower complete response (CR) rate [P < 0.001, odds ratio = 0.14, 54% vs. 89%], shorter disease-free survival (DFS) [P < 0.001, hazard ratio (HR) = 2.88] and overall survival (OS) (P < 0.001, HR = 2.95). The validation set analyses confirmed these results (CR, P = 0.03; DFS, P = 0.009; OS, P = 0.009). Multivariable analyses for CR, DFS, and OS identified the lncRNA score as an independent marker for outcome. In conclusion, lncRNA expression in AML is closely associated with recurrent mutations. A small subset of lncRNAs is correlated strongly with treatment response and survival.
Patient treatment preferences in localized prostate carcinoma: The influence of emotion, misconception, and anecdote (2006)

For men with localized prostate carcinoma, the treatment decision-making process would benefit from interventions that moderate feelings of fear and a desire for rapid treatment, dispel common and powerful misconceptions about prostate cancer and its therapies, and help patients avoid over-reliance on anecdotes.
Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging Measurements of Antibody Arrays for the Multiplexed Detection of Low Molecular Weight Protein Biomarkers (2006)

This paper describes a simple methodology for the creation of high-density multiplexed antibody arrays on gold surfaces that can be used to detect low molecular weight protein biomarkers with surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRI). A one-step carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) surface reaction was utilized to attach antibodies onto alkanethiol-modified gold surfaces and characterized with polarization modulation FT-IR reflection absorption spectroscopy. The CDI chemistry was then employed to create an antibody microarray with array element sizes varying from 750 microm down to 200 microm. As a demonstration, a three-component antibody array was employed to detect two clinically important protein biomarkers, beta2-microglobulin (11.8 kDa) and cystatin C (13.4 kDa). SPRI measurements could simultaneously detect both of these small unlabeled proteins with no cross talk at solution concentrations from 300 nM down to 1 nM. In addition, the adsorption strengths of these biomarkers onto an antibody array were measured with SPRI and compared to those obtained from the kinetic analysis of single-channel angle shift SPR measurements.
Solution-processed n-type organic thin-film transistors with high field-effect mobility (2005)

We report the performance of solution-processed n-type organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) based on C60 derivatives. Long-chain alkyl-substituted C60, C60-fused N-methylpyrrolidine-meta-C12 phenyl (C60MC12), was used as a semiconducting layer. The C60MC12-thin-film transistor shows high electron mobility of 0.067cm2∕Vs in saturation regime. From the result of x-ray diffraction analysis, the C60MC12 active layer forms highly ordered crystalline film. We found that self-assemble ability of long alkyl chains plays an important role for fabrication of highly ordered crystalline film, leading to achievement of high electron mobility in solution-processed n-type OTFTs.
Multi-Beam Multi-Layer Leaky-Wave SIW Pillbox Antenna for Millimeter-Wave Applications (2011)

This work proposes a novel multi-beam leaky-wave pillbox antenna. The antenna system is based on three main parts: feeding part (integrated horns), quasi-optical system and radiating part. The radiating and input parts are placed in two different stacked substrates connected by an optimized quasi-optical system. In contrast to conventional pillbox antennas, the quasi-optical system is made by a pin-made integrated parabola and several coupling slots whose sizes and positions are used to efficiently transfer the energy coming from the input part to the radiating part. The latter consists of a printed leaky-wave antenna, namely an array of slots etched on the uppermost metal layer. Seven pin-made integrated horns are placed in the focal plane of the integrated parabola to radiate seven beams in the far field. Each part of the antenna structure can be optimized independently, thus facilitating and speeding up the complete antenna design. The antenna concept has been validated by measurements (around 24 GHz) showing a scanning capability over <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\pm 30^{\circ}$</tex></formula> in azimuth and more than 20 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{\circ}$</tex></formula> in elevation thanks to the frequency scanning behavior of the leaky-wave radiating part. The proposed antenna is well suited to low-cost printed circuit board fabrication process, and its low profile and compactness make it a very promising solution for applications in the millimeter-wave range.
Role for Interactions Between IP-10/Mig and CXCR3 in Proliferative Glomerulonephritis (1999)

The mechanisms responsible for mesangial cell proliferation in proliferative glomerulonephritis are only partially understood. This article reports the results of an immunohistochemical study showing high expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 by mesangial cells of patients with IgA nephropathy, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, or rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. CXCR3 was also detectable by flow cytometry in cultured human mesangial cells, in which it appeared to be functionally active, as determined by the ability of its ligand, the (interferon-gamma)-inducible protein of 10 kD (IP-10) to induce intracellular Ca2+ influx. Both IP-10 and the monokine induced by interferon-gamma (Mig) were also effective in inducing proliferation of human mesangial cells. These data suggest that in patients with proliferative glomerulonephritis, the chemokines IP-10 and/or Mig not only may act as chemoattractants for infiltrating mononuclear cells in the inflamed tissue, but also may directly induce the proliferation of mesangial cells.
AN ANALYSIS OF PHOTO-POLYMERIZATION INDUCED PHASE SEPARATION PROCESS IN LIQUID CRYSTAL/POLYMER COMPOSITE FILMS (2001)

Abstract The various diacrylates having different alkyl side-chain are systematically synthesized to investigate the relation between solubility in diacrylates for liquid crystals and phase separation process. In order to analyze the kinetics in photo-polymerization induced phase separation for a homogeneous mixture consisted of liquid crystals and monomers, time resolved confocal laser scanning microscopy with a high resolution is used. The difference between binodal decomposition and spinodal decomposition can be observed for the first time in the system of LC/monomer mixture. The occurring either spinodal or binodal decomposition in the phase separation process depends on the number of methylen in side-chains in diacrylates.
Synthesis, characterization, and computed tomography imaging of a tantalum oxidenanoparticle imaging agent (2010)

Water-soluble ≤6 nm tantalum oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized and characterized in solution using HPLC-ICP, DLS, and multinuclear NMR. Nanoparticle formulation permitted intravenous injection, in vivo imaging, and subsequent renal clearance. A clinical CT scanner provided excellent resolution following agent injection, and distribution to the arterial system was visualized. In vitro CT imaging studies indicated that at equal molar concentration of tantalum and iodine, tantalum produced greater image contrast than iodine across the diagnostic X-ray spectrum with contrast benefit increasing with peak X-ray energy.
Dosage requirement of <i>Pitx2</i> for development of multiple organs (1999)

Pitx2 is a homeodomain transcription factor that is mutated in Rieger syndrome, a haploinsufficiency disorder affecting eyes and teeth. Pitx2 also has a postulated role in left-right axis determination. We assessed the requirements for Pitx2 directly by generating hypomorphic and null alleles. Heterozygotes for either allele have eye abnormalities consistent with Rieger syndrome. The ventral body wall fails to close in embryos homozygous for the null allele, leaving the heart and abdominal organs externalized and the body axis contorted. In homozygotes for either allele, the heart tube undergoes normal, rightward looping and the stomach is positioned normally. In contrast, homozygotes for both alleles exhibit right isomerization of the lungs. Thus, Pitx2 is required for left-right asymmetry of the lungs but not other organs. Homozygotes for either allele exhibit septal and valve defects, and null homozygotes have a single atrium proving that a threshold level of Pitx2 is required for normal heart development. Null homozygotes exhibit arrest of pituitary gland development at the committed Rathke pouch stage and eye defects including optic nerve coloboma and absence of ocular muscles. This allelic series establishes that Pitx2 is required for the development of mulitple organs in a dosage-sensitive manner.