gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessing User Competence: Conceptualization and Measurement (2000)

Organizations today face great pressure to maximize the bene its from their investments in information technology (IT). They are challenged not just to use IT, but to use it as effectively as possible. Understanding how to assess the competence of users is critical in maximizing the effectiveness of IT use. Yet the user competence construct is largely absent from prominent technology acceptance and it models, poorly conceptualized, and inconsistently measured. We begin by presenting a conceptual model of the assessment of user competence to organize and clarify the diverse literature regarding what user competence means and the problems of assessment. As an illustrative study, we then report the findings from an experiment involving 66 participants. The experiment was conducted to compare empirically two methods (paper and pencil tests versus self-report questionnaire), across two different types of software, or domains of knowledge (word processing versus spreadsheet packages), and two different conceptualizations of competence (software knowledge versus self-efficacy). The analysis shows statistical significance in all three main effects. How user competence is measured, what is measured, what measurement context is employed:all influence the measurement outcome. Furthermore, significant interaction effects indicate that different combinations of measurement methods, conceptualization, and knowledge domains produce different results. The concept of frame of reference, and its anchoring effect on subjects' responses, explains a number of these findings. The study demonstrates the need for clarity in both defining what type of competence is being assessed and in drawing conclusions regarding competence, based upon the types of measures used. Since the results suggest that definition and measurement of the user competence construct can change the ability score being captured, the existing information system (IS) models of usage must contain the concept of an ability rating. We conclude by discussing how user competence can be incorporated into the Task-Technology Fit model, as well as additional theoretical and practical implications of our research.
Photonic crystal band-edge lasers: fabrications, physics, and applications (2009)

Photonic crystal band-edge lasers possess many advantages over conventional cavity based lasers. Here I will present their fabrications, emission properties, coupling to an optical fiber, and application possibilities for telecommunications and biochemical sensing.
Laboratory diagnosis of human chlamydial infections (1989)

Chlamydia trachomatis is a human pathogen that causes ocular disease (trachoma and inclusion conjunctivitis), genital disease (cervicitis, urethritis, salpingitis, and lymphogranuloma venereum), and respiratory disease (infant pneumonitis). Respiratory chlamydioses also occur with infection by avian strains of C. psittaci or infection by the newly described TWAR agent. Diagnosis of most acute C. trachomatis infections relies on detection of the infecting agent by cell culture, fluorescent antibody, immunoassay, cytopathologic, or nucleic acid hybridization methods. Individual non-culture tests for C. trachomatis are less sensitive and specific than the best chlamydial cell culture system but offer the advantages of reduced technology and simple transport of clinical specimens. Currently available nonculture tests for C. trachomatis perform adequately as screening tests in populations in which the prevalence of infection is greater than 10%. A negative culture or nonculture test for C. trachomatis does not, however, exclude infection. The predictive value of a positive nonculture test may be unsatisfactory when populations of low infection prevalence are tested. Tests that detect antibody responses to chlamydial infection have limited utility in diagnosis of acute chlamydial infection because of the high prevalence of persistent antibody in healthy adults and the cross-reactivity due to infection by the highly prevalent C. trachomatis and TWAR agents. Assays for changes in antibody titer to the chlamydial genus antigen are used for the diagnosis of respiratory chlamydioses. A single serum sample that is negative for chlamydial antibody excludes the diagnosis of lymphogranuloma venereum.
Staurosporine, a potent platelet aggregation inhibitor from a Streptomyces species. (1986)

We found a potent platelet aggregation inhibitor in the culture broth of Streptomyces strain M-193. The inhibitor was purified as white crystals and investigated; it was identified as Staurosporine. It strongly inhibited the platelet aggregation induced by collagen or ADP with IC50 values of 3.4μM and 11.6μM, respectively. The inhibitor had no effect on thrombin-induced platelet aggregation or membrane stabilization against heat-induced hemolysis.
Roles of Surfactants in Flotation Deinking (2004)

Flotation deinking is a common practice for removing ink from wastepaper, and it is becoming a key process in many recycling paper mills. Flotation deinking was successfully introduced to the paper recycling industry in the 1980s, and its applications in wax removal, sticky control, and fiber fractionation have attracted great research interest. A successful flotation process has three major efficient subprocesses: the detachment of the ink particles from the fibers, the effective adhesion of the ink particles onto air bubble surfaces, and the removal of froth and ink particles from flotation cells. Surfactants can affect these subprocesses either positively or negatively. To understand how a surfactant can positively and negatively affect the flotation deinking process, the basic chemistry of surfactant in solution should be discussed.
Diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease: are we any nearer to useful biomarker-based, non-invasive tests? (2013)

Although biomarker-based tests are nearing clinical availability and may have a future role to help target AD-specific treatment and guide prognosis, they are not yet ready for trials of clinical utility in primary care.
Estrogen carcinogenesis in Syrian hamster tissues: role of metabolism. (1987)

Evidence for a role of estrogen metabolism in hormonal carcinogenesis was obtained with the Syrian hamster as an in vivo model system. Both natural and synthetic estrogens are capable of inducing a high incidence of renal carcinomas in this species. A high incidence of hepatocellular carcinomas can also be induced in the hamster with synthetic estrogens such as ethinyl estradiol or diethylstilbestrol, provided alpha-naphthoflavone (ANF) is present in the diet. Although steroid receptor-mediated hormonal events appear to be intimately involved in the process of in vivo cell transformation of both tissues, certain observations strongly suggest that nonhormonal events are also important. Despite their potent estrogenic activity at the doses used, ethinyl estradiol and alpha-zearalanol induce relatively low renal tumor incidences after 9.0 and 10.0 months of continuous treatment, respectively. A role for the metabolism of estrogens to reactive intermediates is also suggested by studies showing estrogen-induced renal tumorigenesis can be partially inhibited by concomitant administration of ANF or ascorbic acid. Consistent with this is the general correlation between the amount of catechol estrogen formed by a compound, as mediated by estrogen 2-/4-hydroxylase, and renal carcinogenicity data. Recently, additional supporting evidence has been obtained from studies involving the irreversible binding of reactive metabolites of steroidal or stilbene estrogens to hamster liver microsomal proteins.
Comparative Myocardial Uptake Characteristics of Hexakis (Alkylisonitrile) Technetium(I) Complexes Effect of Lipophilicity (1989)

Hexakis (alkylisonitrile) technetium(I) complexes are a new class of cationic, lipophilic myocardial perfusion imaging agents. To further evaluate the effect of lipophilicity on myocardial uptake characteristics, the authors systematically synthesized and tested Tc-isonitrile complexes of varying lipophilicity in both cellular and whole animal systems. In chick heart cells in monolayer culture, cellular plateau level uptake in general correlated with lipophilicity of the complexes (determined by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography) (r = .71) as well as with scintigraphic intensity of imaged rabbit hearts (r = .91). Exceptions to this trend indicated that additional factors such as size of the complex and form of the terminal alkyl chain branching also may have influenced uptake. The data indicated that neither the lipophilic properties nor the cation charge alone were sufficient to predict myocardial uptake. In addition, intravenous injection of complexes into rabbits showed optimal myocardial images with agents of intermediate lipophilicity. Results indicated that, following intravenous administration, complexes of low lipophilicity yielded suboptimal myocardial images because of low heart cell uptake, whereas complexes of high lipophilicity yielded poor relative myocardial visualization because of excessive binding to additional organs and compartments.
Physical analysis of the CYC1-sup4 interval in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1981)

CYC1 and sup4 are part of a tightly linked cluster of genes on chromosome X in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using as probes previously cloned fragments containing the CYC1 and sup4 genes, we have identified and cloned the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) present between these genes in one strain of yeast. We find that the CYC1 and sup4 genes are approximately 21 kilobases apart. In the same strain, the meiotic map distance is approximately 3.7 centimorgans, for a ratio of 5.6 kilobases per centimorgan in this interval. The physical mapping has allowed unambiguous determination of the orientation of CYC1 and sup4 relative to each other, the centromere, and a nearby transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA(2Ser)) gene. The spontaneous mutation cyc1-1 inactivates the CYC1 gene as well as the neighboring loci OSM1 and RAD7. We have determined that a cyc1-1-bearing strain lacks approximately 13 kilobases of single-copy DNA from the CYC1-sup4 region, including all of the CYC1 coding information. There is a sequence homologous to the middle-repetitive element Ty1 at or near the breakpoint of the cyc1-1 deletion. We discuss the possibility that Ty elements play a role in the formation of such large, spontaneous deletions, which occur frequently in this region of chromosome X in certain yeast strains.
A demonstration using mouse models that successful gene therapy for cystic fibrosis requires only partial gene correction. (1996)

Quantifying the level of transgene expression necessary for phenotypic effect is an important consideration in designing somatic gene therapy protocols. A nonlinear relationship between phenotype and gene activity is predicted by control analysis for any autosomal recessive condition. The unaffected phenotype of heterozygotes for autosomal recessive disorders demonstrates that 50% of the normal level of gene expression is sufficient to prevent disease. By extension, an exaggerated and positive effect on the mutant phenotype is predicted to arise from only a small addition of normal transgene expression delivered by gene therapy. We tested this expectation directly by intercrossing mice carrying different Cftr alleles which modulate Cftr gene expression from 0 to 100%. We demonstrate that 5% of the normal level of Cftr gene expression results in a disproportionately large correction of the chloride ion transport defect (50% of normal) and essentially complete rescue of the intestinal disease (100% survival). It follows that even modest levels of transgene expression and only partial correction of CFTR channel activity may have a significant clinical impact.
Review: <i>The Snouters: Form and Life of the Rhinogrades</i>, by Harald Stumpke (Gerolf Steiner) and Leigh Chadwick (1982)

Book Review| April 01 1982 Review: The Snouters: Form and Life of the Rhinogrades, by Harald Stumpke (Gerolf Steiner) and Leigh Chadwick The Snouters: Form and Life of the RhinogradesHarald Stumpke (Gerolf Steiner)Leigh Chadwick John C. Kay John C. Kay Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The American Biology Teacher (1982) 44 (4): 249–250. https://doi.org/10.2307/4447495 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation John C. Kay; Review: The Snouters: Form and Life of the Rhinogrades, by Harald Stumpke (Gerolf Steiner) and Leigh Chadwick. The American Biology Teacher 1 April 1982; 44 (4): 249–250. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4447495 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1981 The National Association of Biology Teachers Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Animal models of Wilson disease (2018)

Wilson disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism manifesting with hepatic, neurological and psychiatric symptoms. The limitations of the currently available therapy for WD (particularly in the management of neuropsychiatric disease), together with our limited understanding of key aspects of this illness (e.g. neurological vs. hepatic presentation) justify the ongoing need to study WD in suitable animal models. Four animal models of WD have been established: the Long-Evans Cinnamon rat, the toxic-milk mouse, the Atp7b knockout mouse and the Labrador retriever. The existing models of WD all show good similarity to human hepatic WD and have been helpful in developing an improved understanding of the human disease. As mammals, the mouse, rat and canine models also benefit from high homology to the human genome. However, important differences exist between these mammalian models and human disease, particularly the absence of a convincing neurological phenotype. This review will first provide an overview of our current knowledge of the orthologous genes encoding ATP7B and the closely related ATP7A protein in C. elegans, Drosophila and zebrafish (Danio rerio) and then summarise key characteristics of rodent and larger mammalian models of ATP7B-deficiency.
The Role of Rare Coding Variants in Parkinson's Disease GWAS Loci (2019)

<b>Introduction:</b> Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple loci associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) risk. The presence of rare variants within these loci that may account for the increased susceptibility requires further investigation. <b>Methods:</b> Using exome sequencing, we performed a comprehensive rare variant screen of genes located within 56 novel PD loci. We first analyzed exomes from 109 subjects in the discovery cohort (85 diagnosed with PD and 24 healthy controls) and filtered for rare coding variants with minor allele frequency <0.01 and combined annotation-dependent depletion > 15. Further investigation of exome data from a replication cohort of 2,859 European patients with PD (International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium) and 24,146 non-Finnish European controls from gnomAD were used for association testing of specific rare variants found in the discovery cohort. <b>Results:</b> Our genetic screening identified 54 potential disease-relevant variants in 71 genes in 109 subjects. Six out of 54 variants were found in two or more patients and were not observed in healthy controls: <i>DNAH1</i> p.A3639T, <i>STAB1</i> p.S1089G, <i>ANK2</i> p.V3634D, <i>ANK2</i> p.R3906W, <i>SH3GL2</i> p.G276V, and <i>NOD2</i> p.G908R. Replication in the International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium (IPDGC) confirmed the association with PD risk for three out of the six identified variants (<i>STAB1</i> p.S1089G, <i>SH3GL2</i> p.G276V, and <i>NOD2</i> p.G908R) (<i>p</i> < 10<sup>-3</sup>). <b>Conclusion:</b> Our study suggests that some of the associations identified in PD risk loci can be ascribed to rare variants with likely functional effects that modify PD risk.
Sulfonylurea Use Before Stroke Does Not Influence Outcome (2011)

Sulfonylurea use before stroke onset did not affect stroke severity or long-term functional outcome compared with other DM treatments. This finding casts doubt on the use of sulfonylureas for prophylactic neuroprotection. Furthermore, patients not using any medication for DM appear to have more severe strokes and worse outcomes.
Oriented Y-type hexaferrites for ferrite device (2002)

We have developed a technique to orient particles of Y-type hexaferrite in which the c axis of the particles is oriented perpendicular to a plane. Disks of oriented Ba2MnZnFe12O22 particles were characterized in static and dynamic field excitations and exhibited the following properties: 4πMs=2300 G, Ha=9500 G, 4πMeff=4πMs+Ha=11800 G, and Hc=60 Oe. The ferrimagnetic resonance linewidth at 27 GHz measured to be 350 Oe and the g factor approximately equal to 2. The magnetic parameters of the oriented particles were very similar to the bulk parameters previously published.
Synthesis and Incorporation of <i>C(5′)</i>‐Ethynylated Uracil‐Derived Phosphoramidites into RNA (2004)

Abstract The D ‐ allo‐ and L ‐ talo ‐hept‐6‐ynofuranosyluracil‐derived phosphoramidites 11A and 11T were prepared in 9–10% yield over eight steps from the previously described propargylic alcohols 1A and 1T , respectively. The corresponding nucleotides were incorporated into rU 14 by standard solid‐phase synthesis. While the duplex consisting of rU 14 with one L ‐ talo ‐hept‐6‐ynofuranosyluracil in the middle of the strand and rA 14 ( I ⋅ V ) had the same melting point as the reference duplex rU 14 ⋅rA 14 ( I ⋅ II ), the duplex with one D ‐ allo ‐hept‐6‐ynofuranosyluracil in the middle of rU 14 and rA 14 ( I ⋅ III ) melted 1.5° lower than the reference duplex. The duplex I ⋅ VI consisting of rU 14 with six L ‐ talo ‐hept‐6‐ynofuranosyluracils distributed over the entire strand and rA 14 showed a melting point that is 11° lower than the reference duplex. The corresponding duplex I ⋅ IV of rU 14 possessing six D ‐ allo ‐hept‐6‐ynofuranosyluracils and rA 14 showed a melting point which is more than 20° below the one of the reference duplex. These results are in qualitative agreement with the predictions based on the conformational analysis of the nucleosides and the interference of the ethynyl moiety with the hydration of the oligonucleotides.
PROPERTIES OF COCONUT SHELL ACTIVATED CARBON (2013)

MOHD IQBALDIN MN, KHUDZIR I, MOHD AZLAN MI, ZAIDI AG, SURANI B & ZUBRI Z. 2013. Properties of coconut shell activated carbon. Microwave-induced potassium hydroxide activation was used to produce coconut shell-based activated carbon. Surface area, pore size and specific capacitance value of the carbon produced were analysed to investigate its potential as an electrode material for supercapacitor. The activation process was carried out at 600 W with various irradiation times (10 to 30 min). The activated carbon produced had high surface area ranging from 1244.0–1768.8 m2 g-1 compared with the inactivated carbon, 36.5 m2 g-1. These results were in good agreement with scanning electron micrographs revealing highly porous surface structure. In addition, the specific capacitance value of the material increased from 94.8 to 156.3 F g-1 compared with the inactivated biomass, 6.4 F g-1. The material produced was found to be suitable as an electrode for supercapacitor.
Gene therapy for high-grade glioma (2008)

The treatment of high-grade gliomas remains difficult despite recent advances in surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. True advances may emerge from the increasing understanding in molecular biology and discovery of novel mechanisms for the delivery of tumoricidal agents. In an attempt to overcome this formidable neoplasm, molecular approaches using gene therapy have been investigated clinically since 1992. The clinical trials have mainly been classified into three approaches: suicide gene therapy, immune gene therapy and oncolytic viral therapy. In this article, we review these approaches, which have been studied in previous and ongoing clinical trials.
Evaluation of mobile handset recovery from radio link failure in a multi-RATS environment (2008)

Radio link failure (RLF) is a common phenomenon in all radio access technologies like GSM or UMTS or wireless-LAN etc., when the radio channel signal strength is weak to continue with the application. RLF is a local event detected by mobile handset (or user equipment-UE) immediately and network nodes come to know later. It is also difficult to recover for the UE due to low signal. Hence, RLF has to be dealt locally by the UE. In case of RLF, 3GPP specification indicates to release of dedicated data and signaling resources which leads to discontinuation of the application. In order to avoid discontinuation of application one of the solution proposed to use other available RAT (radio access technology) from multi-RATs in the UE. A few literatures present the possibility of single-RAT or multi-RATs RLF recovery [2-11]. However, to the best of authorspsila knowledge, none of these publications present any performance evaluation for selecting an available RAT from multi-RATs environment after a RLF. In this paper, the authors have investigated the impact of three key parameters namely, RSSI (received signal strength identifier), QoS (quality of service), connection re-establishment time for RLF recovery across all available RATs. The analytical studies show that, two times increase in radio resources along with three times increase in number of mobile handsets experiencing RLF, the probability of success of RLF recovery increases significantly. Furthermore, one of the studies reveals that, when mean utilization of resources in the cells increases by 50% and the number of mobile handsets suffering from RLF increase by two times, the probability of success of RLF recovery decreases by 15%.
Geometrical and performance analysis of GMD and Chase decoding algorithms (1999)

The overall number of nearest neighbors in bounded distance decoding (BDD) algorithms is given by N/sub 0,eff/=N/sub 0/+N/sub BDD/. Where NBDD denotes the number of additional, non-codeword, neighbors that are generated during the (suboptimal) decoding process. We identify and enumerate the nearest neighbors associated with the original generalized minimum distance (GMD) and Chase (1972) decoding algorithms. After careful examination of the decision regions of these algorithms, we derive an approximated probability ratio between the error contribution of a noncodeword neighbor (one of N/sub BDD/ points) and a codeword nearest neighbor. For Chase algorithm 1 it is shown that the contribution to the error probability of a noncodeword nearest neighbor is a factor of 2/sup d-1/ less than the contribution of a codeword, while for Chase algorithm 2 the factor is 2/sup [d/2]-1/, d being the minimum Hamming distance of the code. For Chase algorithm 3 and GMD, a recursive procedure for calculating this ratio, which turns out to be nonexponential in d, is presented. This procedure can also be used for specifically identifying the error patterns associated with Chase algorithm 3 and GMD. Utilizing the probability ratio, we propose an improved approximated upper bound on the probability of error based on the union bound approach. Simulation results are given to demonstrate and support the analytical derivations.
2,7,12,17‐Tetrapropylporphycen — Pendant des Octaethylporphyrins in der Porphycen‐Reihe (1987)

Die Titelverbindung 1 und ihr Nickelkomplex erfüllen die Hoffnungen , die in sie gesetzt worden waren: Durch die Substitution von Porphycen mit vier Propylgruppen werden (wie bei Porphyrinen) die Löslichkeit und das Kristallisationsvermögen erhöht. 1 zeichnet sich durch starke NH…N‐Wasserstoffbrücken und durch NH‐Tautomerie aus. Der Nickelkomplex hat die erwarteten Eigenschaften. magnified image