gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New advance in confocal microscopy (2006)

Step height and line-width are two key parameters in the metrology of micro-electronic masks. A novel common-path heterodyne interferometric confocal measuring system is presented to measure the step height of masks. It combines both the methods of heterodyne interferometry and confocal microscopy. The resolution is 0.01 nm and the measurement range is around 8 νm. The procedure is direct by the integration of the measurement of intensity and phase, hereby faster than a normal scanning microscope. For the line-width measurement of masks, a polarization heterodyne interferometric confocal microscope is proposed, which combines a polarization interferometer with a confocal microscope. An ideal beam spot is obtained and precise focus is realized by using the confocal technique. The phase shifts of the two orthogonal polarization beams differ from each other when they are reflected at the edge of a sample. The experimental results show that the uncertainty of line-width measurement is 21 nm. Both of the systems satisfy the common-path principle, so as to get high ability of resistance to environment disturbances.
Chromosome Preference During Homologous Recombination Repair of DNA Double-Strand Breaks in<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (2019)

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are especially toxic DNA lesions that, if left unrepaired, can lead to wide-ranging genomic instability. Of the pathways available to repair DSBs, the most accurate is homologous recombination (HR), where a homologous sequence is used as a donor template to restore genetic information at the break site. While much of the biochemical aspects of HR repair have been characterized, how the repair machinery locates and discriminates between potential homologous donor templates throughout the genome remains elusive. We use <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> to investigate whether there is a preference between intrachromosomal and interhomolog donor sequences in mitotically dividing cells. Our results demonstrate that, although interhomolog HR is possible and frequent if another donor template is not available, intrachromosomal donor templates are highly preferred. This is true even if the interhomolog donor template is less diverged than the intrachromosomal donor template. Thus, despite the stringent requirements for homology, the chromosomal location of the donor template plays a more significant role in donor template choice.
Cross-Modality 3D Object Detection (2020)

In this paper, we focus on exploring the fusion of images and point clouds for 3D object detection in view of the complementary nature of the two modalities, i.e., images possess more semantic information while point clouds specialize in distance sensing. To this end, we present a novel two-stage multi-modal fusion network for 3D object detection, taking both binocular images and raw point clouds as input. The whole architecture facilitates two-stage fusion. The first stage aims at producing 3D proposals through sparse point-wise feature fusion. Within the first stage, we further exploit a joint anchor mechanism that enables the network to utilize 2D-3D classification and regression simultaneously for better proposal generation. The second stage works on the 2D and 3D proposal regions and fuses their dense features. In addition, we propose to use pseudo LiDAR points from stereo matching as a data augmentation method to densify the LiDAR points, as we observe that objects missed by the detection network mostly have too few points especially for far-away objects. Our experiments on the KITTI dataset show that the proposed multi-stage fusion helps the network to learn better representations.
Nelfinavir Impairs Glycosylation of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Envelope Proteins and Blocks Virus Maturation (2015)

Nelfinavir (NFV) is an HIV-1 aspartyl protease inhibitor that has numerous effects on human cells, which impart attractive antitumor properties. NFV has also been shown to have in vitro inhibitory activity against human herpesviruses (HHVs). Given the apparent absence of an aspartyl protease encoded by HHVs, we investigated the mechanism of action of NFV herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in cultured cells. Selection of HSV-1 resistance to NFV was not achieved despite multiple passages under drug pressure. NFV did not significantly affect the level of expression of late HSV-1 gene products. Normal numbers of viral particles appeared to be produced in NFV-treated cells by electron microscopy but remain within the cytoplasm more often than controls. NFV did not inhibit the activity of the HSV-1 serine protease nor could its antiviral activity be attributed to inhibition of Akt phosphorylation. NFV was found to decrease glycosylation of viral glycoproteins B and C and resulted in aberrant subcellular localization, consistent with induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response by NFV. These results demonstrate that NFV causes alterations in HSV-1 glycoprotein maturation and egress and likely acts on one or more host cell functions that are important for HHV replication.
Macrocytic anemias (1977)

Macrocytic anemias are not uncommon in clinical practice, and precise etiologic diagnosis is mandatory for proper management. Measurement of serum levels of vitamin B12 and folic acid may obviate the need for extensive diagnostic studies.
Effect of Phosphate-Buffered Sucrose Flush Solution upon the Initial Phase of Ischaemic Acute Renal Failure in the Rat (1989)

1. Experiments were performed upon anaesthetized rats to investigate the effect upon the initial 4 h of ischaemic acute renal failure of intrarenal flush with phosphate buffer (PB), sucrose alone and phosphate-buffered sucrose (PBS) solutions of differing compositions. 2. Kidneys flushed with PB immediately before 45 min pedicle clamp ischaemia exhibited a post-ischaemic function similar to that of control, non-flushed kidneys: they were isosthenuric and non-oliguric with a clearance of inulin (Cin) depressed to 10% of the pre-ischaemic value. 3. Kidneys flushed with 50 mmol/l sucrose in saline before ischaemia became isosthenuric, oliguric and had a more severely depressed post-ischaemic Cin compared with non-flushed kidneys. 4. Kidneys flushed with PBS containing either 50 (PBS50) or 140 (PBS140) mmol/l sucrose at pH 7 became polyuric after ischaemia, produced concentrated urine and had Cin values significantly higher than control kidneys. 5. Raising the pH of the PBS50 to 7.4 resulted in isosthenuric, polyuric kidneys that had a post-ischaemic Cin not significantly different from that of the control group. 6. It is concluded that the severity of the initial phase of ischaemic acute renal failure was significantly reduced by intrarenal flush with a PBS solution of pH 7; flush with PB or sucrose alone had no protective action.
Aspects in Grinding of Ceramics (1994)

Aspects In the grinding of ceramics have been investigated. Si 3 N 4 , ZrO 2 , SiC, and Al 2 O 3 were ground with resin‐bonded diamond wheels of grit numbers ranging from 80 to 800. Microstructural observations of ground surfaces show that grinding occurs predominantly by flow mode in Si 3 N 4 and ZrO 2 , and by fracture and grain pullout in SiC and Al 2 O 3 . The measurement of grinding force shows that grinding resistances in Si 3 N 4 and ZrO 2 are significantly larger than those in SiC and AI 2 O 3 . As the grit number of the grinding wheel increases, maximum surface roughness significantly decreases in Si 3 N 4 , ZrO 2 , and SiC, but it apparently does not change in AI 2 O 3 . This unexpected result in AI 2 O 3 is discussed in terms of the observed grinding mode and microstructure.
Primary structure determination of peptides and enzymically digested proteins using capillary liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and rapid linked-scan techniques (1991)

Primary protein sequences were determined for both peptides and enzymatically digested proteins by rapid linked-scan (B/E) liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) at the low-picomole level (10-50 pmol). During the course of a single LC/MS/MS analysis, we demonstrated that it is possible to generate interpretable collision-induced dissociation spectra of the eluting proteolytic peptides. Molecular weights of tryptic peptides were established by using 1/10 of the protein digest by operating in the capillary LC/frit-FABMS mode. Peptides exhibiting the strongest MH+ ions were then selected for subsequent LC/MS/MS analysis (typically 1/5 of the remaining protein digest). Elution times for each chromatographic peak were generally greater than 30 s. It was therefore possible to obtain a minimum of six B/E fast linked-scan spectra during the course of elution of each peptide component. Typically, B/E linked scans of the greatest ion abundance (obtained at the chromatographic peak maximum) were averaged to enhance the signal/noise ratio at these low-picomole levels. Unit resolution was observed for product ions below m/z 1000. Rapid linked scanning by LC/frit-FABMS/MS provided mass assignments for product ions within 0.2-0.3 amu of theoretical values. Side-chain fragment ions (wn and dn) were also observed, which allowed for the differentiation of isobaric amino acids (e.g., leucine and isoleucine). Examples of the application of this fast linked-scan technique to LC/MS/MS are presented for complex mixtures of unknown peptides and the tryptic digestion of phosphorylated beta-casein.
Separate and additive mydriatic effects of lidocaine hydrochloride, phenylephrine, and cyclopentolate after intracameral injection (2008)

Xylocaine plus phenylephrine injected intracamerally gave adequate intraoperative pupil dilation in routine phacoemulsification surgery. Cyclopentolate administrated intracamerally had no immediate additive mydriatic effect to intracameral Xylocaine combined with phenylephrine.
Spin current, spin accumulation and spin Hall effect (2008)

Nonlocal spin transport in nanostructured devices with ferromagnetic injector (F1) and detector (F2) electrodes connected to a normal conductor (N) is studied. We reveal how the spin transport depends on interface resistance, electrode resistance, spin polarization and spin diffusion length, and obtain the conditions for efficient spin injection, spin accumulation and spin current in the device. It is demonstrated that the spin Hall effect is caused by spin-orbit scattering in nonmagnetic conductors and gives rise to the conversion between spin and charge currents in a nonlocal device. A method of evaluating spin-orbit coupling in nonmagnetic metals is proposed.
Dynamics and transport of a localized soluble surfactant on a thin film (1992)

The flow induced by a localized droplet of soluble surfactant on the surface of a thin film is analysed, motivated by an interest in the interaction between inhaled droplets and the lung's thin liquid lining after an aerosol lands on its surface. The spreading is driven by gradients of surface tension and results in flow of the droplet and underlying liquid film. This induced flow field plays an important role in the transport of dissolved species from the droplet, through the film, and to the tissue for absorption. Evolution equations for the film thickness, surface and bulk liquid concentrations are derived using lubrication theory, since the depth of the film is much smaller than the characteristic radius of the droplet. Solutions are obtained numerically using the method of lines for a variety of surface Péclet numbers. We find that the effect of solubility is to decrease both film disturbances and surface concentrations, and to induce an absorption-driven backflow. In addition, there is a gravity-driven backflow from hydrostatics. At large surface Péclet numbers, large film disturbances are obtained and more surfactant is able to diffuse across the rigid permeable wall, while surface diffusion causes more rapid spreading and decreases film disturbances. Gravity acts as a restoring force by creating a bidirectional flow, and hence disenhances the vertical flux of surfactant across the air-liquid interface. This model may have implications for the delivery of drugs by aerosol inhalation.
The hardware design of effective SAO for HEVC decoder (2013)

In this paper, we propose an SAO hardware architecture with less processing time, computations and reduced hardware area for a high performance HEVC decoder. The proposed SAO hardware architecture introduces the design processing 8×8 CU to reduce the hardware area and uses internal registers to support 64×64 CU processing. Instead of previous top-down block partitioning, it uses bottom-up block partitioning to minimize the amount of calculation and processing time. As a result of synthesizing the proposed architecture with TSMC 180nm library, the gate area is 30.7k and the maximum frequency is 250MHz.
Investigation on fatigue-creep interaction damage model for solder (2008)

It is well known, reliability and workability are the more important issues in the field of chip size package (CSP). Creep and fatigue behaviors are the main loads of the solder joints, the reliability of which should take account of those two main loads. Based on the theory of continuum damage mechanics (CDM), this paper focuses on damage evolution of interaction between the fatigue and creep. A new damage model of fatigue-creep interaction has been developed. And the new fatigue-creep interaction damage model in this paper does not require the simple fatigue model and simple creep model.
The p65 (RelA) Subunit of NF-κB Interacts with the Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Corepressors HDAC1 and HDAC2 To Negatively Regulate Gene Expression (2001)

Regulation of NF-kappaB transactivation function is controlled at several levels, including interactions with coactivator proteins. Here we show that the transactivation function of NF-kappaB is also regulated through interaction of the p65 (RelA) subunit with histone deacetylase (HDAC) corepressor proteins. Our results show that inhibition of HDAC activity with trichostatin A (TSA) results in an increase in both basal and induced expression of an integrated NF-kappaB-dependent reporter gene. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays show that TSA treatment causes hyperacetylation of the wild-type integrated NF-kappaB-dependent reporter but not of a mutant version in which the NF-kappaB binding sites were mutated. Expression of HDAC1 and HDAC2 repressed tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression. Consistent with this, we show that HDAC1 and HDAC2 target NF-kappaB through a direct association of HDAC1 with the Rel homology domain of p65. HDAC2 does not interact with NF-kappaB directly but can regulate NF-kappaB activity through its association with HDAC1. Finally, we show that inhibition of HDAC activity with TSA causes an increase in both basal and TNF-induced expression of the NF-kappaB-regulated interleukin-8 (IL-8) gene. Similar to the wild-type integrated NF-kappaB-dependent reporter, ChIP assays showed that TSA treatment resulted in hyperacetylation of the IL-8 promoter. These data indicate that the transactivation function of NF-kappaB is regulated in part through its association with HDAC corepressor proteins. Moreover, it suggests that the association of NF-kappaB with the HDAC1 and HDAC2 corepressor proteins functions to repress expression of NF-kappaB-regulated genes as well as to control the induced level of expression of these genes.
Intranasal administration of mesenchymoangioblast‐derived mesenchymal stem cells abrogates airway fibrosis and airway hyperresponsiveness associated with chronic allergic airways disease (2017)

Structural changes known as airway remodeling (AWR) characterize chronic/severe asthma and contribute to lung dysfunction. Thus, we assessed the <i>in vivo</i> efficacy of induced pluripotent stem cell and mesenchymoangioblast-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MCA-MSCs) on AWR in a murine model of chronic allergic airways disease (AAD)/asthma. Female Balb/c mice were subjected to a 9-wk model of ovalbumin (Ova)-induced chronic AAD and treated intravenously or intranasally with MCA-MSCs from weeks 9 to 11. Changes in airway inflammation (AI), AWR, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) were assessed. Ova-injured mice presented with AI, goblet cell metaplasia, epithelial thickening, increased airway TGF-β1 levels, subepithelial myofibroblast and collagen accumulation, total lung collagen concentration, and AHR (all <i>P</i> < 0.001 <i>vs.</i> uninjured control group). Apart from epithelial thickness, all other parameters measured were significantly, although not totally, decreased by intravenous delivery of MCA-MSCs to Ova-injured mice. In comparison, intranasal delivery of MCA-MSCs to Ova-injured mice significantly decreased all parameters measured (all <i>P</i> < 0.05 <i>vs.</i> Ova group) and, most notably, normalized aberrant airway TGF-β1 levels, airway/lung fibrosis, and AHR to values measured in uninjured animals. MCA-MSCs also increased collagen-degrading gelatinase levels. Hence, direct delivery of MCA-MSCs offers great therapeutic benefit for the AWR and AHR associated with chronic AAD.-Royce, S. G., Rele, S., Broughton, B. R. S., Kelly, K., Samuel, C. S. Intranasal administration of mesenchymoangioblast-derived mesenchymal stem cells abrogates airway fibrosis and airway hyperresponsiveness associated with chronic allergic airways disease.
INTERACTION OF TWO PARALLEL RECTANGULAR JETS (2002)

In the present study, incompressible twin jet flow, emanating from identical rectangular slots is investigated experimentally. Interaction of parallel jets with small spacing ratio has been examined by using hot wire anemometer. The effect of convex surface between jet exits on the merging process and spreading characteristics of twin jet flow is studied.
Reactions of 3-hydroxyvinyl selenones with alkoxides. Oxetane formation and fragmentation reactions (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of 3-hydroxyvinyl selenones with alkoxides. Oxetane formation and fragmentation reactionsMakoto Shimizu, Ryoichi Ando, and Isao KuwajimaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 7, 1230–1238Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00181a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00181a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views505Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Clinical Application of Drug Delivery Systems in Cancer Chemotherapy: Review of the Efficacy and Side Effects of Approved Drugs (2013)

In recent years, drug delivery systems (DDS) have been developed, along with anticancer agents for those systems based on the concept of achieving a better clinical response and tolerability. Several clinical trials have shown that these drugs have better clinical effects in the treatment of many cancers, leading to their expanded indications. Liposomal doxorubicin is one DDS agent used to treat AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma and ovarian cancer in Japan. In addition to those two indications, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved this drug for the treatment of multiple myeloma in 2007. Another DDS agent approved in Japan is nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel, which has been used in the treatment of breast cancer. Most recently, this drug has been approved for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer in the U.S.A. Although these DDS agents appear to be less toxic than conventional drugs, DDS-specific side effects such as various skin reactions, hypersensitivity reaction, and peripheral neuropathy sometimes occur. Therefore, medical staff must understand DDS anticancer agents fully, including characteristic side effects, to achieve the desired clinical outcomes.
'Painting Above Paint’: Telling Li(v)es in Emily Carr’s Literary Self-Portraits (1992)

Although best known as a painter, Emily Carr was aiso the author of a number of autobiographical works in prose. In this paper I examine charges against her which claim that she was a best careless with facts and al worst a liar. My argument is that a careful look at the truth standards of the genres in which she wrote, making full use of contemporary autobiographical theory, demonstrates that she has produced authentic self-portraits.
Transformation-Induced Plasticity Steel and Their Hot Rolling Technologies (2017)

Transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steels are one type of advanced high strength steels (AHSSs) which have extensive applications in the automotive industry. TRIP steels offer an excellent combination of strength and ductility as a result of their unique microstructural characterizations. The purposes of this chapter are to review the current knowledge on the three generations of TRIP steels which are categorized by different Mn contents, and introduce their hot rolling technologies. The chemical compositions, heat treatment technology, microstructure and mechanical properties of each category of TRIP steels are firstly analyzed, followed by a discussion on the factors affecting the stability of austenite which plays a significant role in TRIP effect. Finally, hot rolling and the related technologies of TRIP steels being currently investigated worldwide are introduced with a purpose of producing high quality TRIP steel products with required microstructure and mechanical properties.
Omnidirectional Coverage for Device-Free Passive Human Detection (2013)

Device-free Passive (DfP) human detection acts as a key enabler for emerging location-based services such as smart space, human-computer interaction, and asset security. A primary concern in devising scenario-tailored detecting systems is coverage of their monitoring units. While disk-like coverage facilitates topology control, simplifies deployment analysis, and is crucial for proximity-based applications, conventional monitoring units demonstrate directional coverage due to the underlying transmitter-receiver link architecture. To achieve omnidirectional coverage under such link-centric architecture, we propose the concept of omnidirectional passive human detection. The rationale is to exploit the rich multipath effect to blur the directional coverage. We harness PHY layer features to robustly capture the fine-grained multipath characteristics and virtually tune the shape of the coverage of the monitoring unit, which is previously prohibited with mere MAC layer RSSI. We design a fingerprinting scheme and a threshold-based scheme with off-the-shelf WiFi infrastructure and evaluate both schemes in typical clustered indoor scenarios. Experimental results demonstrate an average false positive of 8 percent and an average false negative of 7 percent for fingerprinting in detecting human presence in 4 directions. And both average false positive and false negative remain around 10 percent even with threshold-based methods.
Carbon Dioxide Utilization in the Synthesis of Acetic Acid by Clostridium Thermoaceticum (1945)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.