gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a Nodule-Enhanced Glutamine Synthetase from Alfalfa: Nucleotide Sequence, In Situ Localization, and Transcript Analysis (1995)

We have characterized two glutamine synthetase (GS) cDNA clones (pGS13 and pGS100) representing mRNA from root nodules of alfalfa. pGS13 is a full-length version of a previously isolated partial cDNA from an alfalfa nodule cDNA library, while pGS100 was previously isolated from an alfalfa suspension culture cDNA library. Using the 3' untranslated region of the two cDNAs as gene-specific probes, we have shown that the GS genes represented by pGS100 and pGS13 are expressed in all organs tested, although at varying levels. pGS13, however, represents the nodule-enhanced GS gene class. Genomic Southern blot analysis using gene-specific probes shows multiple hybridizing bands, in each case suggesting multiple genes and/or alleles for each class of cytoplasmic GS genes. In situ hybridization of alfalfa nodule sections with gene-specific antisense RNA probes has shown that the nodule-enhanced GS genes are induced in the invasion zone and that their expression is limited to the symbiotic zone, while the GS genes represented by pGS100 are induced in the early symbiotic zone and are expressed throughout the symbiotic and senescent zones. Transcripts for both sets of GS genes are localized in the infected cells and based on the spatial expression pattern it would appear that the two gene classes are induced independently of the onset of nitrogen fixation.
Barriers (2004)

Modern garbage collectors rely on read and write barriers imposed on heap accesses by the mutator, to keep track of references between different regions of the garbage collected heap, and to synchronize actions of the mutator with those of the collector. It has been a long-standing untested assumption that barriers impose significant overhead to garbage-collected applications. As a result, researchers have devoted effort to development of optimization approaches for elimination of unnecessary barriers, or proposed new algorithms for garbage collection that avoid the need for barriers while retaining the capability for independent collection of heap partitions. On the basis of the results presented here, we dispel the assumption that barrier overhead should be a primary motivator for such efforts.
Comparison of four different assays for determination of serum S-100B (2005)

All assays gave satisfactory results, but it is advisable to improve the performance of the manual assays for better sensitivity. Agreement about an international reference standard is needed.
Central Nervous System Depressants. I. 1-Aminoalkyl-3-aryl Derivatives of 2-Imidazolidinone,<sup>1a-c</sup> 2-Imidazolidinethione, and Tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidinone<sup>1d</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCentral Nervous System Depressants. I. 1-Aminoalkyl-3-aryl Derivatives of 2-Imidazolidinone,1a-c 2-Imidazolidinethione, and Tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidinone1dWilliam B. Wright Jr., Herbert J. Brabander, Robert A. Hardy Jr., and Arnold C. OsterbergCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1966, 9, 6, 852–857Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00324a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00324a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views387Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Convenient and Improved Method for the Preparation of Retinoates (1982)

Abstract The reaction of various alcohols with retinoic acid in the presence of N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide affords the corresponding retinoates in good yields.
PET Imaging of Soluble Yttrium-86-Labeled Carbon Nanotubes in Mice (2007)

The whole-body PET images indicated that the major sites of accumulation of activity resulting from the administration of (86)Y-CNT were the kidney, liver, spleen, and to a much less extent the bone. Blood clearance was rapid and could be beneficial in the use of short-lived radionuclides in diagnostic applications.
A V2X Message Evaluation Methodology and Cross-Domain Modelling of Safety Applications in V2X-enabled E/E-Architectures (2015)

The introduction of Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) enables great potential for improving road traffic flow and especially active safety applications such as cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC). Such applications not only rely on continuous broadcast of vehicle state information (beacons)
<i>Trans</i>-Translation:  The tmRNA-Mediated Surveillance Mechanism for Ribosome Rescue, Directed Protein Degradation, and Nonstop mRNA Decay (2007)

The accurate flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein is essential for all living organisms. An astonishing array of quality-assurance mechanisms have evolved to ensure that high degree of fidelity is maintained at every stage of this process. One of the most fascinating quality-control mechanisms involves tmRNA, also known as SsrA or 10Sa RNA. tmRNA is a versatile and highly conserved bacterial molecule endowed with the combined structural and functional properties of both a tRNA and a mRNA. The tmRNA system orchestrates three key biological functions: (1) recognition and rescue of ribosomes stalled on aberrant mRNAs, (2) disposal of the causative defective mRNAs, and (3) addition of a degradation tag to ribosome-associated protein fragments for directed proteolysis. Although not essential in Escherichia coli, tmRNA activity is essential for bacterial survival under adverse conditions and for virulence in some, and perhaps all, pathogenic bacteria. Recent evidence suggests that in addition to its quality-control function the tmRNA system might also play a key regulatory role in certain physiological pathways. This review will focus on recent advances in our understanding of the structural properties, mechanistic details, and physiological significance of this unique RNA and its principal protein partners.
AttGAN: Facial Attribute Editing by Only Changing What You Want (2017)

Facial attribute editing aims to manipulate single or multiple attributes of a face image, i.e., to generate a new face with desired attributes while preserving other details. Recently, generative adversarial net (GAN) and encoder-decoder architecture are usually incorporated to handle this task with promising results. Based on the encoder-decoder architecture, facial attribute editing is achieved by decoding the latent representation of the given face conditioned on the desired attributes. Some existing methods attempt to establish an attribute-independent latent representation for further attribute editing. However, such attribute-independent constraint on the latent representation is excessive because it restricts the capacity of the latent representation and may result in information loss, leading to over-smooth and distorted generation. Instead of imposing constraints on the latent representation, in this work we apply an attribute classification constraint to the generated image to just guarantee the correct change of desired attributes, i.e., to "change what you want". Meanwhile, the reconstruction learning is introduced to preserve attribute-excluding details, in other words, to "only change what you want". Besides, the adversarial learning is employed for visually realistic editing. These three components cooperate with each other forming an effective framework for high quality facial attribute editing, referred as AttGAN. Furthermore, our method is also directly applicable for attribute intensity control and can be naturally extended for attribute style manipulation. Experiments on CelebA dataset show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-arts on realistic attribute editing with facial details well preserved.
The Anticodon Contains a Major Element of the Identity of Arginine Transfer RNAs (1989)

The contribution of the anticodon to the discrimination between cognate and noncognate tRNAs by Escherichia coli Arg-tRNA synthetase has been investigated by in vitro synthesis and aminoacylation of elongator methionine tRNA (tRNA(mMet) mutants. Substitution of the Arg anticodon CCG for the Met anticodon CAU leads to a dramatic increase in Arg acceptance by tRNA(mMet). A nucleotide (A20) previously identified by others in the dihydrouridine loop of tRNA(Arg)s makes a smaller contribution to the conversion of tRNA(mMet) identity from Met to Arg. The combined anticodon and dihydrouridine loop mutations yield a tRNA(mMet) derivative that is aminoacylated with near-normal kinetics by the Arg-tRNA synthetase.
Acoustic interferometers based on two-dimensional arrays of rigid cylinders in air (2003)

This work presents a comprehensive study of acoustic interferometers based on sonic crystals, such as the one reported by Cervera et al. in Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 023902 (2002). This kind of interferometers consist of a slab of rigid cylinders in air put in a periodic configuration. Their performance as a function of thickness and symmetry configuration (square and hexagonal) is analyzed by our setup, which obtains the reflectance spectra using the standing wave ratio technique. Experimental observations are fairly well simulated by a self-consistent wave theory that incorporates all orders of multiple scattering. An homogenization procedure shows that sound propagation inside the hexagonal-based crystals is isotropic while it is biaxial inside the square-based crystals. A method able to extract the acoustic band structure from the reflectance spectra of the finite crystals under study is also described. Finally, the robustness of the interference effects is also studied as a function of positional disorder inside the unit cells in the lattice.
Vancomycin-Intermediate and -Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: What the Infectious Disease Specialist Needs to Know (2001)

Ever since the first strain of Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin and teicoplanin was reported from Japan, there has been a lot of confusion regarding the laboratory and clinical approach to patients with infections due to S. aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin. To date, 6 clinical infections with vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) have been reported in the United States. Intermediate resistance appears to develop from preexisting strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus in the presence of vancomycin, and all but 1 infection occurred in patients with exposure to dialysis for renal insufficiency. Detection of VISA is difficult in the laboratory, and special inquiries about susceptibility testing methods may be needed. These VISA-infected patients had underlying illnesses, and their infections did not appear to respond well to conventional treatment. Prevention strategies have been outlined. Without continued vigilance in enforcing infection-control measures, improved use of antimicrobials, and coordination of efforts among public health authorities, increasing levels of vancomycin resistance in S. aureus are likely to be encountered.
Wavelength-Routing Capability of Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers in Dynamic Optical Networks (2006)

According to their underlying switching technologies, reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers (ROADMs) can be classified into three categories: Category I consists of a single large optical switch; category II is composed of a number of small optical switches aligned in parallel; and category III has a single optical switch and only one wavelength being added/dropped. To evaluate the wavelength-routing capability of ROADMs of various categories in dynamic optical networks, a theoretical routing-power model is developed, taking into account different ROADM architectures and dynamic traffic. Numerical simulations show that different category ROADMs differ considerably in their wavelength-routing capabilities, which are significantly dependent upon dynamic traffic. It is also observed that among these three ROADM architectures, category I (III) ROADMs offer the greatest (lowest) wavelength-routing capability and the lowest (highest) susceptibility to dynamic traffic. In particular, to maximize the ROADM-based network flexibility and connectivity, a set of practically applicable criteria is identified on designing/choosing optimum ROADMs for given dynamic optical networks
[Oral recombinant adeno-associated virus gene medicine]. (2009)

The efficacy of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector-mediated gene delivery to the gastrointestinal tract has been paid a considerable attention over the last 10 years, since our first report on the oral gene pill strategy in Nature Medicine, even though there are still several potential obstacles for this route to overcome in order to obtain efficient gene delivery. The preclinical results of oral rAAV gene medicine are summarized in this review, and special attention is paid on its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects with an emphasis on drug delivery, absorption, distribution and transduction. The rAAV based vectors have been shown promising results in human clinical trials with fewer safety concerns over other gene medicines. However, the underlying mechanisms and biopharmaceutical features of oral rAAV gene medicine remain to be explored extensively and intensively to develop this novel technology as a treatment for a wider range of diseases.
Automatic Itinerary Planning for Traveling Services (2013)

Creating an efficient and economic trip plan is the most annoying job for a backpack traveler. Although travel agency can provide some predefined itineraries, they are not tailored for each specific customer. Previous efforts address the problem by providing an automatic itinerary planning service, which organizes the points-of-interests (POIs) into a customized itinerary. Because the search space of all possible itineraries is too costly to fully explore, to simplify the complexity, most work assume that user's trip is limited to some important POIs and will complete within one day. To address the above limitation, in this paper, we design a more general itinerary planning service, which generates multiday itineraries for the users. In our service, all POIs are considered and ranked based on the users' preference. The problem of searching the optimal itinerary is a team orienteering problem (TOP), a well-known NP-complete problem. To reduce the processing cost, a two-stage planning scheme is proposed. In its preprocessing stage, single-day itineraries are precomputed via the MapReduce jobs. In its online stage, an approximate search algorithm is used to combine the single day itineraries. In this way, we transfer the TOP problem with no polynomial approximation into another NP-complete problem (set-packing problem) with good approximate algorithms. Experiments on real data sets show that our approach can generate high-quality itineraries efficiently.
Plasmonic Nanoparticle Arrays with Nanometer Separation for High-Performance SERS Substrates (2010)

We demonstrate a method for fabricating arrays of plasmonic nanoparticles with separations on the order of 1 nm using an angle evaporation technique. Samples fabricated on thin SiN membranes are imaged with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) to resolve the small separations achieved between nanoparticles. When irradiated with laser light, these nearly touching metal nanoparticles produce extremely high electric field intensities, which result in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) signals. We quantify these enhancements by depositing a p-aminothiophenol dye molecule on the nanoparticle arrays and spatially mapping their Raman intensities using confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy. Our results show significant enhancement when the incident laser is polarized parallel to the axis of the nanoparticle pairs, whereas no enhancement is observed for the perpendicular polarization. These results demonstrate proof-of-principle of this fabrication technique. Finite difference time domain simulations based on HRTEM images predict an electric field intensity enhancement of 82400 at the center of the nanoparticle pair and an electromagnetic SERS enhancement factor of 10(9)-10(10).
An iterative m-algorithm based decoder for convolutional codes (2006)

In this paper, we propose an iterative M-algorithm for decoding of convolutionally coded frames. Different iteration of decoding is performed only in the case of detecting error in the decoded frame. A CRC error detection code is employed to detect the erroneous frames. Every time that an erroneous frame is detected; another iteration of the M-algorithm decoding is performed with a higher value of M. It is shown that our proposed algorithm offers the promised low frame error performance of the very long constraint length codes with a reasonable complexity
An Unexpected Reaction between 2,3-Dihydro-2,2,4-trimethyl-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine and Mercaptoacetic Acid (1987)

The reaction of 2,3-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethyl-lH-1,5-benzodiazepine with mercaptoacetic acid gave two unexpected main derivatives 2,3-dihydro-4-(2.3,4,5-tetrehydro-2.2-dimethyl-4-0~0-3-thienyl)-2,2-di-m~3thyl-lH-1,5-benzodiazepine and 1,l-dimethyl-IH,~H-thiazolo[3,4-albenzimidazole.The structures of obtained compounds have been asslgned by means of spectroscopic measurements.A mechanism for their formation is also suggested.a = 3 .7 1 2 ( 2 ) , b = 1 1 .0 6 3 ( 2 ) , c=10.880(2) i ; R=98.6(1)';V=1631.9 i 3 ; 2=4; Dc=1.23 gem-.
A 126 bp fragment of a plant histone gene promoter confers preferential expression in meristems of transgenic <i>Arabidopsis</i> (1992)

The tissue-specific pattern of expression directed by the H4A748 Arabidopsis histone promoter was investigated by analysis of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) activity in transgenic Arabidopsis containing H4A748-GUS gene fusions. As determined by fluorimetric and histochemical tests, the H4A748 promoter directs preferential expression in meristems of young seedlings and adult plants. The low activity found in nonproliferating tissues may relate to basal constitutive expression of the histone promoter and/or to endoreduplication occurring in some tissues. The endogenous histone mRNA levels parallel the GUS activity found in different tissues. Analysis of the regulatory properties of 5' deleted promoters showed that multiple positive elements exist between -900 and -219 and that the proximal region of the promoter to -219 is sufficient to establish the full tissue-specific pattern of expression. Further deletion to -93 nearly abolished the promoter activity thus suggesting that the 126 bp fragment located between -219 and -93 contains the elements responsible for the specific expression pattern. The presence of several remarkable sequences within this fragment is discussed.
Challenges for acpc's (1995)

Abstract Thank you for the invitation to this conference today. At time of such change in Northern Ireland it is particularly good to be here. I have been asked to share some thoughts with you about my reading of child abuse inquiries. I am calling my presentation 'The Lessons from Child Abuse Inquiries in a Changing Context: Challenges for ACPCs'.
Formation and Removal of Coke Deposited on Stainless Steel and Vycor Surfaces from Acetylene and Ethylene (1983)

Small but significant amounts of coke are unfortunately always formed when hydrocarbons are pyrolyzed to produce ethylene and other valuable by-products and when 1,2-dichloroethane is dehydrochlorinated to produce vinyl chloride. Carbon deposition in pyrolysis tubes is always accompanied by the following deleterious effects including reduced yields of desired products, down-time for decoking, increased resistance to heat transfer, and reduced tube creep rupture strength from carburization and the accompanying metal segregation. These effects all contribute to increased operating expenses, and significant advantages would result if coking could be reduced or eliminated. Albright, McConnell and Welther (1) obtained valuable new information by comparing the morphologies of coke formed on stainless steels from acetylene, ethylene, butadiene, and propylene. Acetylene is a highly reactive precursor for the production of coke, and it is present whenever large amounts of ethylene are present in pyrolysis units. Using a scanning electron microscope equipped with EDAX to analyze
OCTAVE Catalog of Practices, Version 2.0 (2001)

The Operationally Critical Threat, Asset, and Vulnerability Evaluation (OCTAVE) Method enables organizations to identify the risks to their most important assets and build mitigation plans to address those risks. OCTAVE uses three "catalogs" of information to maintain modularity and keep the method separate from specific technologies. One of these catalogs is the catalog of good security practices. It provides the means to measure an organization's current security practices and to build a strategy for improving its practices to protect its critical assets. The catalog of practices is divided into two types of practice—strategic and operational. The strategic practices focus on organizational issues at the policy level and provide good, general management practices. Operational practices focus on the technology-related issues dealing with how people use, interact with, and protect technology. This technical report describes how the catalog of practices is used in OCTAVE and describes the catalog in detail.
Influential parameters on electromagnetic properties of nickel–zinc ferrites for antenna miniaturization (2010)

Electromagnetic properties of nickel–zinc ferrites based materials make them potential candidates for applications linked to telecommunications. In the present study, nanosized particles of spinel ferrite Ni0.5Zn0.3Co0.2Fe2O4 were prepared by coprecipitation method. An optimized material is obtained after adequate heat treatment and partial filling of the porosity by epoxy resin. This material lies between ceramic and composite medium (with porosity close to 40%), and shows almost constant complex permeability and permittivity in the frequency range from 0.1–0.7 GHz, and equal to ∼3.5-j0.15 (loss tangent∼0.04) and ∼4-j0.2 (loss tangent∼0.02), respectively. The refractive index n is close to 3.75. These electromagnetic properties, in particular the low levels of losses, show that this material could be useful to the design of miniaturized antennas in the VHF-uhf (300–700 MHz) range of frequency.