gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Histo-anatomical structure of the living isolated rat heart in two contraction states assessed by diffusion tensor MRI (2012)

Deformation and wall-thickening of ventricular myocardium are essential for cardiac pump function. However, insight into the histo-anatomical basis for cardiac tissue re-arrangement during contraction is limited. In this report, we describe dynamic changes in regionally prevailing cardiomyocyte (fibre) and myolaminar (sheet) orientations, using Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) of ventricles in the same living heart in two different mechanical states. Hearts, isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats, were Langendorff-perfused and imaged, initially in their slack state during cardioplegic arrest, then during lithium-induced contracture. Regional fibre- and sheet-orientations were derived from DTI-data on a voxel-wise basis. Contraction was accompanied with a decrease in left-handed helical fibres (handedness relative to the baso-apical direction) in basal, equatorial, and apical sub-epicardium (by 14.0%, 17.3%, 15.8% respectively; p < 0.001), and an increase in right-handed helical fibres of the sub-endocardium (by 11.0%, 12.1% and 16.1%, respectively; p < 0.001). Two predominant sheet-populations were observed, with sheet-angles of either positive (β+) or negative (β-) polarity relative to a 'chamber-horizontal plane' (defined as normal to the left ventricular long-axis). In contracture, mean 'intersection'-angle (geometrically quantifiable intersection of sheet-angle projections) between β+ and β- sheet-populations increased from 86.2 ± 5.5° (slack) to 108.3 ± 5.4° (p < 0.001). Subsequent high-resolution DTI of fixed myocardium, and histological sectioning, reconfirmed the existence of alternating sheet-plane populations. Our results suggest that myocardial tissue layers in alternating sheet-populations align into a more chamber-horizontal orientation during contraction. This re-arrangement occurs via an accordion-like mechanism that, combined with inter-sheet slippage, can significantly contribute to ventricular deformation, including wall-thickening in a predominantly centripetal direction and baso-apical shortening.
Local Brain Temperature Reduction Through Intranasal Cooling With the RhinoChill Device (2011)

Intranasal cooling with the RhinoChill device appears safe and effectively lowers brain and core temperatures. Further study is warranted to assess the efficacy of hypothermia through intranasal cooling for brain-injured patients.
IgG4-Related Disease without Overexpression of IgG4: Pathogenesis Implications (2012)

IgG4-related disease is a new disease group that affects multiple organs. It is characterized by high serum IgG4 and abundant infiltration of IgG4-bearing plasma cells in the affected organ. Here, we describe an intriguing case that suggested that IgG4-related disease might present without IgG4 overexpression or infiltration, at least during a relapse. A 47-year-old man had been diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus 15 years. He was admitted due to a pituitary mass, systemic lymphadenopathy, and multiple nodules in the lungs and kidneys. The serum IgG4 level was normal and histopathological examination of the pituitary mass showed abundant lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration with very few IgG4-positive cells. When we examined specimens preserved from 15 years ago, we found high serum IgG4 levels and IgG4-bearing plasma cell infiltration. This resulted in a diagnosis of IgG4-related disease, and we considered the current episode to be a relapse without IgG4 overexpression. This case indicated that, to clarify the pathogenesis of IgG4-related disease, current cases should repeat specimen evaluations over the course of IgG4-related disease to define diagnostic markers.
Kinetics of corneal thermal shrinkage (2004)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of temperature and heating duration on the kinetics of thermal shrinkage in corneal strips using a custom-made shrinkage device. Methods: Thermal shrinkage was induced and measured in corneal strips under a constant load placed while bathed in 25% Dextran irrigation solution. A study was performed on 57 Florida Lions Eye Bank donated human cadaver eyes to determine the effect of temperature on the amount and rate of thermal shrinkage. Further experiments were performed on 20 human cadaver eyes to determine the effects of heating duration on permanent shrinkage. Data analysis was performed to determine the effects of temperature, heating duration, and age on the amount and kinetics of shrinkage. Results: Shrinkage consisted of two phases: a shrinkage phase during heating and a regression phase after heating. Permanent shrinkage increased with temperature and duration. The shrinkage and regression time constants followed Arrhenius type temperature dependence. The shrinkage time constants where calculated to be 67, 84, 121, 560 and 1112 (s) at 80, 75, 70, 65, and 60°C respectively. At 65°C the permanent shrinkage time constant was calculated to be 945s. Conclusion: These results show that shrinkage treatments need to raise the temperature of the tissue above 75°C for several seconds in order to prevent regression of the shrinkage effect immediately after treatment and to induce the maximum amount of permanent irreversible shrinkage.
[6-year experience with the creation and use of internal arteriovenous fistulae in patients treated with repeated hemodialysis]. (1977)

<p>This contribution presents the results of structural and compressive strength investigations on cured and high-temperature treated silica-based one-part geopolymer-zeolite composites. The specimens were synthesized from two different silica sources, sodium aluminate and water. The phase content as well as the compressive strength of the cured composites varied depending on the starting mix-design and the silica feedstock. Besides geopolymeric gel, A-type zeolites and hydrosodalites were the major reaction products. One of the silica feedstocks yielded significantly higher compressive strength (19 MPa), while the other one appears to cause less variation in phase content. Strength testing indicated an improvement on heating up to 200-400°C (28 MPa) followed by a moderate decrease up to 700°C. Above 700°C the systems underwent new phase formation and shrinkage (volume decrease) deformations. After exposure at 1000°C the different mixes consisted of a mix of several stuffed silica phases, almost pure hexagonal nepheline or amorphous phase. Depending on the mix-design, the onset temperature of the high temperature phase transformations varied.</p>
The A-wave of the human electroretinogram and rod receptor function. (1990)

The amplitude of the leading edge of the a-wave of the human electroretinogram (ERG) was compared with predictions from a computational model of the light-induced responses of rod mammalian receptors. According to this model, a linear process describes the amplitude and time course of the response to relatively low flash intensities and at brief times after the onset of the flash. At higher flash intensities, a nonlinear process, described by the Naka-Rushton function or a saturating exponential, is involved. The primary focus here is on intensity-response data recorded with a clinical ganzfeld apparatus. The leading edge of the rod a-wave recorded from normal observers and patients with congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) was described by a linear process for flash intensities up to the maximum available flash intensity, 2.0 log scot td-sec. This finding is consistent with the model of the rod's response. It suggests, however, that when ERGs are recorded with clinical systems limited to 2.0 log scot td-sec, these data cannot be used to distinguish between changes in the parameters (eg, semisaturation intensity versus maximum response) of the human rod receptors. Responses to flash intensities up to 3.4 log scot td-sec were recorded using a custom, high-intensity ganzfeld system. Both the linear and nonlinear components of the model were needed to fit the ERGs recorded with this system. This suggests that changes in different receptor parameters can be distinguished with higher intensity flashes.
Protoplast Formation and Regeneration of Clostridium acetobutylicum Strain N1-4080 (1987)

SUMMARY: A method for the production of protoplasts of Clostridium acetobutylicum strain N1-4080 utilizing lysozyme and penicillin G was optimized to yield about 100% protoplasts. Treatment of 109 cells left fewer than 102 that were viable and osmo-resistant. With a mutant strain deficient in autolytic activity, about 1% of the protoplasts regenerated walled cells, whereas most gave rise to stable L-form colonies. Addition of sodium polyanethole sulphonate to the medium improved the regeneration frequency by at least a factor of 10, probably by somehow inhibiting the residual autolytic activity of the strain.
Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric Determination of Bromide and Iodide Ions with Mercury-Ethylenediaminetetraacetate (1967)

臭素イオンまたはヨウ素イオンはHg-EDTAと反応して紫外部に吸収をもつ錯体を形成するので,これら錯体の吸光度を測定して両イオンの吸光光度定量法を行なった。pH3.5～7.7にした臭素イオン溶液またはpH5～8.3にしたヨウ素イオン溶液にHg-EDTA溶液の一定過剰量を加え,水で全容50mlにし,2,3分放置後,試薬ブランク液を対照にして波長250mμ(臭素)または260mμ(ヨウ素)で吸光度を測定する。これら錯体における臭素イオンまたはヨウ素イオンとHg-EDTAとの当量関係はモル比で1:1であるので,組成は[HgY(Br)]3-または[HgY(I)]3-であると考えられる,臭素イオン0.05～1.6mg/50mlまたはヨウ素イオン0.05～2.Omg/50mlの濃度範囲でBeerの法則が成立する。モル吸光係数は約2650(臭素)および約4200(ヨウ素)であって,再現性は非常によい。臭素イオンの定量では CN-,SCN-,I-,S2-,Co2+などが,ヨウ素イオンのそれではS2-, SCN-, CN-, Be-, NH4+, Co2+, Ag+などの共存が妨害する。
An <i>n</i>-Channel Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework (2011)

Co-condensation of metallophthalocyanine with an electron-deficient benzothiadiazole (BTDA) block leads to the formation of a two-dimensional covalent organic framework (2D-NiPc-BTDA COF) that assumes a belt shape and consists of AA stacking of 2D polymer sheets. Integration of BTDA blocks at the edges of a tetragonal metallophthalocyanine COF causes drastic changes in the carrier-transport mode and a switch from a hole-transporting skeleton to an electron-transporting framework. 2D-NiPc-BTDA COF exhibits broad and enhanced absorbance up to 1000 nm, shows panchromatic photoconductivity, is highly sensitive to near-infrared photons, and has excellent electron mobility as high as 0.6 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1).
Involvement of Bacterial Polysaccharides in Plant Pathogenesis (1995)

Virulence of phytopathogenic bacteria is often correlated with their ability to produce extraceUular polysaccharides (EPSs). The composition and amount of lipopolysaccharide O-antigens and low molecular weight, cell-associated 13linked glucans may also affect virulence of Gram-negative pathogens. For a few species of Agrobacterium. Clavibacter, Erwinia. Pseudomonas, and Xan­ tlwmonas sufficient biochemical and genetical data has accumulated to permit critical evaluation of possible functions of polysaccharides during pathogene­ sis. It is clear that EPSs are necessary for several pathogens to cause normal disease symptoms such as water-soaking and wilting. Evidence is accumulating that EPSs and ceU-associated polysaccharides also promote colonization and enhance survival of some bacteria within host tissues. Further progress will require the use of thoroughly characterized polysaccharide-minus mutants. natural inoculation procedures, and careful monitoring of the fate of bacteria within plants.
JVM for a Heterogeneous Shared Memory System (2007)

InterWeave is a middleware system that supports the sharing of strongly typed data structures across heterogeneous languages and machine architectures. Java presents special challenges for InterWeave, including write detection, data translation, and the interface with the garbage collector. In this paper, we discuss our implementation of J-InterWeave, a JVM based on the Kaffe virtual machine and on our locally developed InterWeave client software. J-InterWeave uses bytecode instrumentation to detect writes to shared objects, and leverages Kaffe&apos;s class objects to generate type information for correct translation between the local object format and the machine-independent InterWeave wire format. Experiments indicate that our bytecode instrumentation imposes less than 2% performance cost in Kaffe interpretation mode, and less than 10% overhead in JIT mode. Moreover, JInterWeave &apos;s translation between local and wire format is more than 8 times as fast as the implementation of object serialization in Sun JDK 1.3.1 for double arrays. To illustrate the flexibility and efficiency of J-InterWeave in practice, we discuss its use for remote visualization and steering of a stellar dynamics simulation system written in C.
Neuropeptide Y receptors: a promising target for cancer imaging and therapy (2015)

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) was first identified from porcine brain in 1982, and plays its biological functions in humans through NPY receptors (Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 4 and Y 5 ). NPY receptors are known to mediate various physiological functions and involve in a majority of human diseases, such as obesity, hypertension, epilepsy and metabolic disorders. Recently, NPY receptors have been found to be overexpressed in many cancers, so they emerged as promising target in cancer diagnosis and therapy. This review focuses on the latest research about NPY and NPY receptors, and summarizes the current knowledge on NPY receptors expression in cancers, selective ligands for NPY receptors and their application in cancer imaging and therapy.
Netscape Mozilla Source Code Guide [With CDROM] (1999)

From the Publisher:
Bestselling author Stanek guides programmers through the complex maze of Netscape Communicator's code (which contains approximately 30 million lines of code, which are extremely difficult to navigate) in this friendly, authoritative guide. He introduces Mozilla and the Netscape Open Source program, discusses how to become involved, and shows how to use the library hooks and extensions.
Feasibility of Reactive Distillation for Fischer−Tropsch Synthesis. 3. (2009)

Reactive distillation (RD), a proven reactive separation method that can enhance yields and improve product selectivity in multiple reactant/product systems, was shown to be feasible for FTS in our earlier papers using a simplified kinetics [Srinivas et al. Feasibility of Reactive Distillation for Fischer−Tropsch Synthesis. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2008, 48, 889−899; DOI 10.1021/ie071094p] as well as a detailed kinetics [Srinivas et al. Feasibility of Reactive Distillation for Fischer−Tropsch Synthesis. 2. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2009; DOI 10.1021/ie801887m]. In-built thermodynamic procedures of Aspen Plus, along with a detailed kinetic model that predicts product distribution, were used in performing the simulations. In this paper, we present detailed parametric studies like effect of reflux ratio, H2/CO feed ratio, number of nonreactive stages, etc. Conversion, yield, olefin-to-paraffin ratio and product distribution are the parameters used for comparison among the different cases studied. Within RD mode for FTS, some of the alternate column configurations like those with a side-heat removal and a side-draw, a hybrid column with reactive and nonreactive stages, are also explored and investigated.
Nutritive Value of Various Energy Sources for Poultry Feed (1965)

A bioassay technique was developed for the determination of biologically available energy of various fats and oils, based on the response of day-old chicks to the dietary nutrients. The assay technique was already used for the determination of available energy of sweet potato4), which was refined and modified to be suitable especially for fats and oils.Body weight gain of chicks can be shown as functions of dietary energy and protein levels under a certain conditions3). When dietary protein level is kept constant, curve-linear relation will be obtained between chick's gain (y) and dietary energy level (x2), which may be approximately linear within a certain narrow range of dietary energy level as described by Equation 3, where a and b are constants. Several other conditionsy=a+bx2 (3)should be satisfied to obtain the linear relationship, such as that dietary protein level should be kept constant, that dietary vitamins and minerals should be enough and so on.With the linear equation obtained with standard diets of various energy levels, the energy level of unknown diet will be estimated from the y of chicks fed the diet. This is the fundamental principle of the new bioassay technique. From the previous data, it was suggested that the linear equation could be obtained with dietary protein level of 23% and dietary energy level, shown as percent of total digestible nutrients, between 60% and 76%.The basal diet contained 10% of cornstarch, which was replaced by various levels of soybean oil in the standard diets and of test material in the test diets, while keeping the other 90% of ingredients constant. Therefore, all experimental diets contained the same amount of crude protein, i.e. 23%, and of minor nutrients, such as vitamins and minerals, with the various levels of energy.The results obtained in Expt. 502 revealed that Equation 6 was suitable to describe the relationship, which was given in Fig. 1. Fiducial limit of the estimated energy was discussed and given by dotted line in Fig. 1.Total digestible nutrients (TDN) were used in these experiment as unit of energy, because TDN is commonly used in this country. Since available energy estimated by this assay is a kind of net energy in nature, TDN is not the best unit of energy in this case. However, Equation 3 may be satisfactory regardless to the unit, so that available energy estimated by this assay can be given by any unit, if the energy contents of cornstarch and soybean oil be expressed by the unit.Corn fermentation oil, which was the residue of alcohol fermentation, was determined to be 186% of TDN. True digestibility of this oil was 86.6% with standard deviation of 3.7%, so that TDN was calculated to be 195±8.3%. It is clear that two values of corn fermentation oil determined by two different methods were quite agreeable within the experimental error.
Malignant Transformation of Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor in 44 Months Observational Period: A Case Report (2010)

M.D.Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, KoreaGastrointestinal stromal tumor is a common type of gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumor. Depending on the patient’s age, compliance and health status, and the level of suspicion of malignancy, tumors ≤3 cm in size are typically monitored annually by endoscopic ultrasonography. The examination interval can be extended if no size change is noted on consecutive examinations. We report here on a 44-year-old female who presented with abdominal discomfort and displayed no size change of her gastrointestinal stromal tumor on three consecutive endoscopies over a 44- month interval. The patient was diagnosed with malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor on the basis of the evident ulceration seen on esophagogastroduodenoscopy and the inhomogenous echo noted on the endoscopic ultrasonography and the pathologic findings by gastric wedge resection.
High/low pulse generation of deadbeat based high power DC-DC converter with very short rise time (2016)

Radio frequency (RF) generators are used in semiconductor product manufacture. They supply high power pulse to a plasma chamber. Recently, many semiconductor products are used in electronic devices, which are getting smaller and smaller. In proportion to this, the machines which manufacture semiconductor products require higher frequency High/Low (HL) pulse power to the RF generators. A higher frequency HL pulse can be obtained by decreasing an output capacitance. However, this leads to a decrease of the output voltage stability. To solve this conflict, iLref deadbeat control method is proposed to improve them. The stability of the proposed control method was verified and improved through the evaluation, which used the equivalent transfer function of the control system. The experimental results prove that the experimental circuit was able to generate the stable 120 V/12 V HL-pulse output without voltage overshoot when the input voltage was 240V. The results also show the rise time (0 % to 99 %) was about 510 μs, that is the slew rate at rising of the output voltage was about 210 kV/sec.
Controllable stability of DNA-containing polyelectrolyte complexes in water-salt solutions (1999)

Destruction of polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) formed by DNA and synthetic polyamines of different structures was carried out by addition of low molecular weight electrolyte to PEC solution at different pHs. The dissociation was studied by the fluorescence quenching technique using the ability of cationic dye ethidium bromide to intercalate into free sites of DNA double helix followed by ignition of ethidium fluorescence. Structure of amine groups of the polycation was shown to be a decisive factor of PEC stability. PECs formed by polycations with quaternary amine groups, i.e., poly(N-alkyl-4-vinylpyridinium) bromides, poly(N, N-dimethyldiallylammonium) chloride, and ionene bromide, were pH independent and the least tolerant to destruction by the added salt. Primary amine groups of basic polypeptides poly-L-lysine hydrobromide and poly-L-arginine hydrochloride as well as synthetic polycation poly(vinyl-2-aminoethyl ether) provided the best stability of PECs in water-salt solutions under wide pH range. Moderate and pH-dependent stability was revealed for PECs included poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate) with tertiary amine groups in the chain or branched poly(ethylenimine) with primary, secondary, and tertiary amine groups in the molecule. The data obtained appear to be the basis for design of DNA-containing PECs with given and controllable stability. The design may be accomplished not only by proper choice of polyamine of one or another type, but by using of tailor-made polycations with given composition of amine groups of different structure in the chain as well. Thus, quaternization of a part of tertiary amine groups of poly(N, N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate) resulted in expected decrease of stability of DNA-containing PECs in water-salt solutions. The destruction of PEC formed by random copolymer of 4-vinylpyridine and N-ethyl-4-vinylpyridinium bromide was pH sensitive and could be performed under pH and ionic strength closed to the physiological conditions. This result appears to be particularly promising for addressing DNA packed in PEC species to the target cell.
Synthetic aperture ladar for planetary sensing (2003)

Synthetic Aperture Ladar (SAL) could provide high resolution optical/infrared imaging of planetary surfaces from airborne or spaceborne platforms, using only modest-sized optics feasible for high-altitude flight or orbital missions. We discuss the characteristics of a planetary observing SAL (range and azimuth resolutions, field of regard, imaging swath size, altitude, aperture size, laser power, wavelength, etc.) and model the imaging performance of a SAL. Required laser power grows exponentially with range from the sensor platform ground track, due to atmospheric extinction, and also depends on wavelength as λ<sup>-1</sup> for a shot-noise-limited receiver. Planetary observing by SAL from space may be feasible in the terahertz band (~ 100 μm) with ~10 W of laser power. A planetary-observing SAL at shorter wavelengths (e.g. 1-2 μm) would require correspondingly higher laser power and would be much more challenging. SAL imaging may be attractive from low orbit around other planets, in particular those with little or no atmosphere (e.g Mars, Mercury, the Moon and many other planetary satellites). Beam stabilization, motion compensation and autofocus are among the most challenging aspects of a SAL mission.