gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Some bacteriological effects of liming (1911)

These experiments were undertaken to determine the effects of liming on certain groups of soil bacteria in a typical Wisconsin drift soil. They justified the following general conclusions:\n1. Applications of lime up to three tons per acre lead to an increase in the numbers of bacteria developing on "modified synthetic" agar. They also produce an increase in ammonification, nitrification, and in nitrogen fixation when these processes are tested by the beaker method. These increases are in all cases almost proportionate to the amount of lime applied.\n2. Natural increases in numbers of bacteria tend to obscure the effects of applications of lime, while natural decreases make them more pronounced.\n3. Peptone solutions do not permit of the determining of the largest number of bacteria which will destroy humus with the production of ammonia.\n4. The beaker method, with dried blood or cottonseed meal for ammonification, with ammonium sulfate or dried blood for nitrification, and with mannite for nitrogen fixation, is eminently satisfactory.\n5. The ammonification of dried blood or of cottonseed meal runs parallel with the numbers of bacteria while there is very little relation between the ammonification of peptone solutions and numbers.\n6. Increased nitrification leads to slight accumulations of nitrates in the soil.\n7. Natural accumulations of nitrates in the soil tend to obscure the differences due to the lime treatment.\n8. The solution method for nitrogen fixation is quite unreliable.\n9. Applications of lime increase the yield of oats; one-half and one ton per acre very slightly, but two and three tons to quite a large extent.\n10. Applications of lime up to three tons per acre increase the nitrogen content of the oats crop more rapidly than the yield itself.
HMRSVP: a hierarchical mobile RSVP protocol (2002)

We propose a hierarchical Mobile RSVP (HMRSVP) that can achieve mobility independent QoS guaranteed services in mobile computing environments. The HMRSVP integrates RSVP with Mobile IP regional registration and makes advance resource reservations only when an inter-region movement may possibly happen. We first show that, by NS simulation, that our HMRSVP can achieve the same QoS guarantees as MRSVP with fewer resource reservations. Then, we show that HMRSVP outperforms MRSVP in terms of reservation blocking, forced termination and session completion probabilities.
Critical role for a high-affinity chemokine-binding protein in γ-herpesvirus–induced lethal meningitis (2002)

Chemokines are involved in recruitment and activation of hematopoietic cells in sites of infection and inflammation. The M3 gene of the gamma-herpesvirus gammaHV68 encodes an abundant secreted protein that binds CC chemokines with high affinity. We report here that this gene is essential for efficient induction of lethal meningitis by gammaHV68. An M3 mutant gammaHV68 (gammaHV68-M3.stop) was 100-fold less virulent than wild-type or marker rescue control (gammaHV68-M3.MR) viruses after intracerebral inoculation. After intracerebral inoculation, gammaHV68-M3.stop grew to lower titers than gammaHV68 or gammaHV68-M3.MR in the brain but spread to and grew normally in the spleen and lung. Expression of several CC chemokines was significantly induced in the CNS by gammaHV68 infection. Consistent with M3 acting by blockade of CC chemokine action, gammaHV68 induced a neutrophilic meningeal inflammatory infiltrate, while gammaHV68-M3.stop induced an infiltrate in which lymphocytes and macrophages predominated. In contrast to the important role of M3 in lethal meningitis, M3 was not required for establishment or reactivation from latent infection or induction of chronic arteritis. These data suggest a role for chemokines in the protection of the nervous system from viral infection and that the M3 protein acts in a tissue-specific fashion during acute but not chronic gammaHV68 infection to limit CC chemokine-induced inflammatory responses.
Antibody-mediated accommodation of heart grafts expressing an incompatible carbohydrate antigen (2003)

The immune system may be manipulated to accommodate grafts expressing incompatible carbohydrate antigens by preferential production of noncytolytic anticarbohydrate antibodies.
Nanostructured optical fiber with surface-enhanced Raman scattering functionality (2005)

A powerful method for the production of reproducible surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates is described based on the scaling properties of glass rods when drawn into fibers. The fabrication process involves chemically eroding the cleaved tips of drawn silica imaging fibers and then coating them with silver. For an appropriate choice of final diameter the drawn and eroded tips show clearly defined and regular triangular formations on a scale of approximately 80 nm. The favorable SERS properties of these structures have been demonstrated by the observation of enhancement factors of approximately 10(6).
Design, Synthesis, and Aqueous Aggregation Behavior of Nonionic Single and Multiple Thermoresponsive Polymers (2006)

Nonionic water-soluble poly(acrylamide)s and poly(acrylate)s were synthesized by RAFT and ATRP methods. Similar to the synthesized poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and poly(N-acryloylpyrrolidine), aqueous solutions of statistical acrylate copolymers bearing two different oligo(ethylene oxide) side chains showed a sharp clouding transition upon heating beyond characteristic temperatures. The temperature of the cloud point can be easily fine tuned by the copolymer composition. As for poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and poly(N-acryloylpyrrolidine), the cloud-point temperatures of these statistical copolymers are rather insensitive to changes in the molar mass or the NaCl content of the solutions. Also, ternary triblock copolymers containing one permanently hydrophilic block and two different thermoresponsive blocks were synthesized, varying the block sequence systematically. Their aggregation in aqueous solution was followed by turbidimetry and dynamic light scattering. Depending on the heating process and the triblock sequence, micellar aggregates of 40 to 600 nm size were found. The thermally induced aggregation behavior depends sensitively on the block sequence but is also subject to major kinetic effects. For certain block sequences, a thermally induced two-step association is observed when heating beyond the first and second cloud points of the thermoresponsive blocks. However, the thermal-transition temperatures of the block polymers can differ from the thermal-transition temperatures of the individual homopolymers. This may be caused by end-group effects but also by mutual interactions of the different blocks in solution, as physical mixtures of the homopolymers exhibit deviations from a purely additive thermal behavior.
Mechanisms of chorioamnionitis‐associated preterm birth: interleukin‐1β inhibits progesterone receptor expression in decidual cells (2015)

In chorioamnionitis (CAM), a major cause of preterm birth (PTB), maternal-fetal inflammation of the decidua and amniochorion cause the release of cytokines that elicit cervical ripening, fetal membrane rupture and myometrial activation. We posit that this inflammatory milieu triggers PTB by inhibiting progesterone receptor (PR) expression and increasing decidual prostaglandin (PG) production. Immunohistochemical staining of decidua detected significantly lower PR levels in decidual cells (DCs) from CAM-complicated PTB. Incubation of DCs with IL-1β decreased PR expression and significantly increased PGE2 and PGF2α production and COX-2 expression. The addition of PGF2α to DC cultures also suppressed PR expression. However, the COX inhibitor, indomethacin, did not reverse IL-1β suppression of PR expression in DC cultures. Although IL-1β treatment activated the NF-KB, ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signalling cascades in DCs, inhibition of ERK1/2 MAPK signalling alone was sufficient to completely reverse the suppression of PR levels by IL-1β. These findings suggest that CAM-associated PTB is induced at least in part by IL-1β-mediated functional progesterone withdrawal.
Efficient Primary-Ambient Decomposition Algorithm for Audio Upmix (2012)

스테레오 업믹스(Upmix)에서 음원을 주성분(Primary)과 주변성분(Ambient)으로 분리하는 것은 주된 전처리 과정이며 주성분 분석법(Principal Component Analysis - PCA)을 이용한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그러나 주성분 분석법은 분리 성능이 스테레오 음원이 가지는 주성분과 주변성분의 파워비(Primary Ambient Power Ratio - PAR Ratio) 및 주성분의 패닝 각도에 영향을 받는 다는 단점이 있다. 이전 연구에 따르면 PAR에 따른 단점을 극복하기 위한 변형된 주성분 분석법(Modified PCA) 방법이 제안되었으나 여전히 패닝 각도에 대한 단점은 극복하지 못하였다. 본 논문에서는 PAR 및 패닝 각도에 영향을 받지 않는 새로운 주성분 분석법 기반의 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안된 알고리즘은 스테레오 음원의 파워를 보존하는 기준을 두고 고유치의 비를 이용한 적절한 스케일 값을 통해 문제를 해결하였다. 제안된 알고리즘은 실험결과 PAR 및 주성분의 패닝 각도에 영향을 받지 않고 정확한 분리 성능을 보여줌을 확인하였다. Decomposition of a stereo signal into the primary and ambient components is a key step to the stereo upmix and it is often based on the principal component analysis (PCA). However, major shortcoming of the PCA-based method is that accuracy of the decomposed components is dependent on both the primary-to-ambient power ratio (PAR) and the panning angle. Previously, a modified PCA was suggested to solve the PAR-dependent problem. However, its performance is still dependent on the panning angle of the primary signal. In this paper, we proposed a new PCA-based primary-ambient decomposition algorithm whose performance is not affected by the PAR as well as the panning angle. The proposed algorithm finds scale factors based on a criterion that is set to preserve the powers of the mixed components, so that the original primary and ambient powers are correctly retrieved. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Immersive surveillance for total situational awareness (2010)

Conventional surveillance systems present video to a user from more than one camera on a single display. Such a display allows the user to observe different part of the scene, or the same part of the scene from different viewpoints. With the growing number of surveillance cameras set up and the expanse of surveillance area, the conventional split-screen display approach cannot provide intuitive correspondence between the images acquired and the areas under surveillance. In view of this, the “Immersive Surveillance for Total Situational Awareness” is proposed. The System uses computer graphic technique to construct 3D model of buildings on the 2D satellite-images, the users can construct the floor platform by defining the information of each floor or building and the position of each camera. This information is combined to construct 3D surveillance scene, and the images acquired by surveillance cameras are pasted into the constructed 3D model to provide intuitively visual presentation. All image sequences acquired by each camera are analyzed to extract the foreground salient objects and use it to draw out the trajectory of each person in every camera's field of view on the 3D surveillance scene. Users can also walk through the scene by a fixed-frequency, self-defined business model to perform a virtual surveillance. The System also enhances the dark area of nighttime images, and maintains the saturation information of each moving object.
The Reaction of Formaldehyde with Proteins (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Formaldehyde with ProteinsHeinz Fraenkel-Conrat, Mitzi Cooper, and Harold S. OlcottCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1945, 67, 6, 950–954Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01222a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01222a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views829Altmetric-Citations120LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The antibacterial activity of a siderophore. 3. The activity of deferoxamine in vitro and its influence on the effect of antibiotics against Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and coagulase-negative staphylococci. (1994)

The in vitro activity of deferoxamine (DFO) both per se and in combination with the reductant ascorbic acid (AA) was determined against 10 E. coli strains, 5 P. mirabilis strains, and 10 coagulase-negative staphylococci. In terms of interaction, the influence of DFO on the activities of cephalothin and gentamicin was furthermore investigated against the same panel of strains employing a macrobroth dilution technique and killing-curve kinetics. The MICs of cephalothin and gentamicin were lowered for one half of the strains. Moreover, DFO prolonged the generation times of logarithmic growth phase considerably, especially when the reductant AA was present. The interactions between DFO or DFO+AA and subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics were established by the application of growth constants, and resulted in synergy for 15 out of 25 strains with cephalothin and 9 out of 25 strains with gentamicin.
Modeling Surgical Technical Skill Using Expert Assessment for Automated Computer Rating (2017)

The computer algorithm consistently predicted the panel ratings of individual tasks, and were more objective and reliable than individual assessment by surgical experts.
Advanced high-performance 320x240 VO x microbolometer uncooled IR focal plane (1999)

This paper describes Boeing's next-generation 320 X 320 uncooled IR focal plane product. The basic objectives have ben to at least double focal plane performance, improve focal pane operating stability, and significantly enhance the control interface between the focal pane and the camera. All of these basic objectives have been achieved. Focal plane temporal NETD equals 0.028 degrees C has been demonstrated at a frame rate of 60 Hz on the first lot of UFPAs produced, as well as a worst-case spatial NETD < 0.016 degrees C measured over 10 degrees C temperature calibration range. Operating stability improvement has been successfully demonstrated. The design has validated a 'smart sensor' UFPA/camera control interface that provides externally programmability of on-chip signal gain, on-chip pixel offset compensation, on-chip detector bias regulation, precision on-chip temperature measurement, and a 16 test- point Built In Test function. Based on Lot-1 test results, the next lot, which is now in wafer processing, is expected to achieve NETD < 0.02 degrees C at a 60 Hz frame rate. With an improved microbolometer Thermal Isolation Structure, currently in development at Boeing, NETD < 0.010 degrees C can be demonstrated before the end of this year.
The Kinetics of the Aqueous Hydrogen Sulfide-Nitroprusside System (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Kinetics of the Aqueous Hydrogen Sulfide-Nitroprusside SystemPeter A. Rock and James H. SwinehartCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1966, 5, 6, 1078–1079Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50040a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50040a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views132Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Forecasting Economic Time Series (1998)

This book provides a formal analysis of the models, procedures, and measures of economic forecasting with a view to improving forecasting practice. David Hendry and Michael Clements base the analyses on assumptions pertinent to the economies to be forecast, viz. a non-constant, evolving economic system, and econometric models whose form and structure are unknown a priori. The authors find that conclusions which can be established formally for constant-parameter stationary processes and correctly-specified models often do not hold when unrealistic assumptions are relaxed. Despite the difficulty of proceeding formally when models are mis-specified in unknown ways for non-stationary processes that are subject to structural breaks, Hendry and Clements show that significant insights can be gleaned. For example, a formal taxonomy of forecasting errors can be developed, the role of causal information clarified, intercept corrections re-established as a method for achieving robustness against forms of structural change, and measures of forecast accuracy re-interpreted.
Lockerbie and Libya (Book): 584 (2004)

LIBYA Lockerbie and Libya, by Khalil I. Matar and Robert W. Thabit. Jefferson, NC and London, UK: McFaiiand & Company, Inc., Publishers, 2004. viii + 245 pages. Appends, to p. 317. Bibl. to p. 320. Index to p. 328. $39.95 paper. In most detailed study published to date of extensive talks leading to Lockerbie settlement in 2003, authors set out to examine the American political and diplomatic thrust, supported by Great Britain and, to a lesser extent, France; Libya's diplomatic response; and how an acceptable solution was agreed (p. 1). In so doing, authors provide a comprehensive, thought-provoking discussion of prolonged negotiations which began immediately after destruction of Pan Am flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland in December 1988 and only concluded in September 2003 when United Nations permanently lifted sanctions imposed on Libya in April 1992. The real focus of Lockerbie and Libya, consuming most of book, is on a shorter period, stretching from Lockerbie bombing to Libyan decision in February 1999 to remand two Libyan suspects, Abdelbaset Al-Megrahi and Al Amin Khalifa Fhimah, and subsequent suspension of UN sanctions in April 1999. A more detailed treatment of contemporary period would have been helpful in understanding final settlement in September 2003 as well as subsequent Libyan decision in December 2003 to renounce weapons of mass destruction. The authors do provide 20 United Nations and other documents, some of which are difficult to obtain, in a lengthy and welcome appendix. Khalil I. Matar, a journalist with Middle East Broadcasting Company, has reported on United Nations for 20 years and covered Libyan relations with United States since early 1980s. Attorney Robert W. Thabit, permanent representative of International Progress Organization to United Nations, was one of five international observers appointed by UN secretary General Kofi A. Annan to attend Lockerbie trial at Camp Zeist. The authors approach their subject absent rhetoric often found in recent discussions of Libyan policy. In consequence, their treatment of key events is often refreshing, albeit occasionally selective or incomplete. In reviewing negotiations leading up to handover of two suspects in Lockerbie case, for example, authors add perspective to central themes of contemporary Libyan foreign policy, such as Mu'ammar Qadhafi's disappointment with level of diplomatic support received from Arab world and his subsequent courtship of African leaders. …
Recording reconfigurable binary computer-generated holograms on bistable optically addressed ferroelectric liquid-crystal spatial light modulators (1990)

The capacity of optically addressed bistable ferroelectric liquid-crystal spatial light modulators to be used for recording binary computer-generated holograms is experimentally demonstrated. The recording and reconstruction of cell- and point-oriented holograms are presented.
Frequency Comb Generation at 2 μm with Electro-Optic Modulators for Spectroscopic Applications (2019)

Mid-infrared (2-20 μm) gas sensing allows the detection of strong molecular absorptions with rather small absorption lengths (≤1 m). Various techniques can perform spectroscopic measurements in the mid-infrared but dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) is one of the most powerful knowing its precision and real-time abilities [1]. However, setups used to perform DCS are in general complex since they require the phase locking of two independent femtosecond lasers at the known state of the art stability. This particular drawback can be bypassed if the combs are generated with electro-optic modulators (EOM) [2]. However, these equipments operate in the telecommunication wavelengths, generally near 1.55 μm where molecular absorptions are not very intense. Here, we experimentally demonstrate two different techniques of generating frequency combs with EOMs around 2 μm.
Equilibrium sequences of nonrotating and rapidly rotating crystalline color-superconducting hybrid stars (2008)

The three-flavor crystalline color-superconducting (CCS) phase of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is a candidate phase for the ground state of cold matter at moderate densities above the density of the deconfinement phase transition. Apart from being a superfluid, the CCS phase has properties of a solid, such as a lattice structure and a shear modulus, and hence the ability to sustain multipolar deformations in gravitational equilibrium. We construct equilibrium configurations of hybrid stars composed of nuclear matter at low, and CCS quark matter at high, densities. Phase equilibrium between these phases is possible only for rather stiff equations of state of nuclear matter and large couplings in the effective Nambu---Jona-Lasinio Lagrangian describing the CCS state. We identify a new branch of stable CCS hybrid stars within a broad range of central densities which, depending on the details of the equations of state, either bifurcate from the nuclear sequence of stars when the central density exceeds that of the deconfinement phase transition or form a new family of configurations separated from the purely nuclear sequence by an instability region. The maximum masses of our nonrotating hybrid configurations are consistent with the presently available astronomical bounds. The sequences of hybrid configurations that rotate near the mass-shedding limit are found to be more compact and thus support substantially larger spins than their same mass nuclear counterparts.