gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of the Amyloid A Fibril‐Degrading Activity of Human Serum (1982)

Radial diffusion in agarose gel containing amyloid A (AA) fibrils was used to study the serum enzyme capable of degrading AA fibrils in vitro. This degradative activity was unaffected by soya bean trypsin inhibitor, tosyl-lysine chloromethyl ketone, and gold thiomalate but was inhibited by bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, phenylmethylsulphonylfluoride, diisopropyl fluorophosphate, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and alpha 2-macroglobulin, indicating that the enzyme involved is a serine protease. Agarose gel electrophoresis showed the enzyme to be an acidic protein with the same electrophoretic mobility as albumin. The molecular weight, measured by gel filtration, was approximately 50,000. The optimum pH of this enzyme was 7.3, and it was fairly heat-resistant. The results suggest that the AA-fibril-degrading activity in human serum is due neither to elastase nor to cathepsin G. It has many characteristics in common with the enzymes unlike elastase that are involved in the complete degradation of serum AA protein.
Film Bulk Acoustic Resonator Fabrication for Radio Frequency Filter Applications (2000)

In this paper, a two-step radio frequency (RF) sputtering deposition technique for piezoelectric ZnO film formation and its successful application for film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) devices are presented. Several critical parameters of the RF sputtering process such as deposition pressure, RF power and O 2 concentration were studied to clarify their effects on the material characteristics of the ZnO films. The ZnO films deposited by the proposed two-step deposition are shown to have the growth characteristic of strongly preferred orientation toward the c -axis. The FBAR devices with the ZnO films showed a large return loss of ∼50 dB at the center frequency of 1.49 GHz. It was also found that the impedance matching of the FBAR could be easily achieved simply by controlling the resonance area of the resonator.
Participation of fast-activating, voltage-dependent K currents in electrical slow waves of colonic circular muscle (1992)

The plateau phase of electrical slow waves in phasic gastrointestinal muscles is critical for excitation-contraction coupling. The plateau appears to depend upon a balance between inward Ca2+ current and outward K+ currents that is sustained for several seconds. Voltage-dependent, non-Ca(2+)-dependent K currents were studied in canine colonic circular muscle cells using the whole cell patch-clamp technique. At room temperature, depolarization activated a slow outward current that showed little inactivation during 500 ms. Increasing the temperature to 37 degrees C significantly increased the rate of activation of voltage-dependent outward current. The onset of the outward current overlapped the transient inward Ca2+ current, suggesting that this K current may act as a brake on the upstroke depolarization of electrical slow waves in intact muscles. Voltage-dependent outward current was sustained for the duration of test pulses. This current balanced the sustained inward current that was also activated at physiological test potentials. The outward current evoked by test pulses positive to -20 mV inactivated by at least 50% within 500 ms. Half inactivation occurred at -36 mV. Voltage-dependent K current was reduced by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; 1-5 mM), but difference currents obtained by subtracting currents elicited from holding potentials of -45 mV from currents obtained from holding potentials of -100 mV were not affected by 4-AP (1 mM). Studies were also performed on intact muscles to test the effects of 4-AP on electrical slow waves. 4-AP increased the amplitude and rate of rise of the upstroke potential and increased the amplitude and prolonged the plateau phase of slow waves. These data suggest that a rapidly activating, inactivating, voltage-dependent K current participates in electrical slow waves of colonic circular smooth muscles.
Widespread distribution of the major polypeptide component of MAP 1 (microtubule-associated protein 1) in the nervous system. (1984)

We prepared a monoclonal antibody to microtubule-associated protein 1 (MAP 1), one of the two major high molecular weight MAP found in microtubules isolated from brain tissue. We found that MAP 1 can be resolved by SDS PAGE into three electrophoretic bands, which we have designated MAP 1A, MAP 1B, and MAP 1C in order of increasing electrophoretic mobility. Our antibody recognized exclusively MAP 1A, the most abundant and largest MAP 1 polypeptide. To determine the distribution of MAP 1A in nervous system tissues and cells, we examined tissue sections from rat brain and spinal cord, as well as primary cultures of newborn rat brain by immunofluorescence microscopy. Anti-MAP 1A stained white matter and gray matter regions, while a polyclonal anti-MAP 2 antibody previously prepared in this laboratory stained only gray matter. This confirmed our earlier biochemical results, which indicated that MAP 1 is more uniformly distributed in brain tissue than MAP 2 (Vallee, R.B., 1982, J. Cell Biol., 92:435-442). To determine the identity of cells and cellular processes immunoreactive with anti-MAP 1A, we examined a variety of brain and spinal cord regions. Fibrous staining of white matter by anti-MAP 1A was generally observed. This was due in part to immunoreactivity of axons, as judged by examination of axonal fiber tracts in the cerebral cortex and of large myelinated axons in the spinal cord and in spinal nerve roots. Cells with the morphology of oligodendrocytes were brightly labeled in white matter. Intense staining of Purkinje cell dendrites in the cerebellar cortex and of the apical dendrites of pyramidal cells in the cerebral cortex was observed. By double-labeling with antibodies to MAP 1A and MAP 2, the presence of both MAP in identical dendrites and neuronal perikarya was found. In primary brain cell cultures anti-MAP 2 stained predominantly cells of neuronal morphology. In contrast, anti-MAP 1A stained nearly all cells. Included among these were neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes as determined by double-labeling with anti-MAP 1A in combination with antibody to MAP 2, myelin basic protein or glial fibrillary acidic protein, respectively. These results indicate that in contrast to MAP 2, which is specifically enriched in dendrites and perikarya of neurons, MAP 1A is widely distributed in the nervous system.
Strength and Static Fatigue of Abraded Glass Under Controlled Ambient Conditions: II, Effect of Various Abrasions and the Universal Fatigue Curve (1959)

A controlled grit blast was found to be a reproducible method of producing standardized damage to a glass surface. The effects of grit size, blast pressure, and amount of grit on the strength of the resulting specimens are reported. Static fatigue curves (strength vs. load duration) were obtained for specimens immersed in room‐temperature distilled water and in liquid nitrogen (77°K.) after the specimens had been subjected to various abrasion treatments. The low‐temperature strength was independent of load duration, and for surface damage of simple geometry it was inversely proportional to the square root of the initial crack depth, consistent with the Griffith theory. Abrasions of different geometry produced differing static fatigue curves at room temperature, and in one case curves actually crossed. If, however, the strength values for each abrasion were divided by the low‐temperature strength for that abrasion and plotted vs. a reduced time coordinate, all the data could be fitted to a single “universal fatigue curve.” This analysis led to a clear distinction between “linear” and “point” flaws, the former being flaws (such as emery scratches) which have an extension in a direction perpendicular to the applied stress and the latter being of a more localized character. Linear flaws fatigue more rapidly than point flaws by a factor of fifty and for each type of damage the fatigue rate is inversely proportional to the exponential of the initial flaw depth. A detailed analysis of the data in terms of several static fatigue theories from the literature shows that none of them provides a complete and adequate explanation of these results.
Buried centimeter-long micro- and nanochannel arrays in porous silicon and glass (2014)

We developed a simple process to fabricate deeply buried micro- and nanoscale channels in glass and porous silicon from bulk silicon using a combination of ion beam irradiation, electrochemical anodization and high temperature oxidation. The depth, width and length of these structures can be controllably varied and we successfully fabricated an array of centimeter-long buried micro- and nanochannels. This process allows densely packed, arbitrary-shaped channel geometries with micro- to nanoscale dimensions to be produced in a three-dimensional multilevel architecture, providing a route to fabricate complex devices for use in nanofluidics and lab-on-a-chip systems. We demonstrate the integration of these channels with large reservoirs for DNA linearization in high aspect ratio nanochannels.
Mesoporous CeO<sub>2</sub> Hollow Spheres Prepared by Ostwald Ripening and Their Environmental Applications (2010)

Abstract CeO 2 hollow spheres (250–350 nm in diameter), with mesoporous shells of approximately 50 nm, were synthesized by a one‐pot, template‐free hydrothermal method. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurements were used to characterize the products. The formation of these hollow spheres involves the aggregation of the initial nanoparticles followed by solid evacuation driven by an Ostwald ripening process. The mesoporous CeO 2 hollow spheres showed an excellent adsorption capacity for organic pollutants (Congo red) from waste water (about 84 mg Congo red per g CeO 2 ). Furthermore, relative to commercial CeO 2 powders, the CeO 2 hollow spheres exhibited a higher catalytic activity towards CO oxidation.
<title>First environmental data from the EUV engineering test stand</title> (2001)

The first environmental data from the Engineering Test Stand (ETS) has been collected. Excellent control of high-mass hydrocarbons has been observed. This control is a result of extensive outgas testing of components and materials, vacuum compatible design of the ETS, careful cleaning of parts and pre-baking of cables and sub assemblies where possible, and clean assembly procedures. As a result of the hydrocarbon control, the residual ETS vacuum environment is rich in water vapor. Analysis of witness plate data indicates that the ETS environment does not pose a contamination risk to the optics in the absence of EUV irradiation. However, with EUV exposure, the water rich environment can lead to EUV- induced water oxidation of the Si-terminated Mo/Si optics. Added ethanol can prevent optic oxidation, allowing carbon growth via EUV cracking of low-level residual hydrocarbons to occur. The EUV environmental issues are understood, mitigation approaches have been validated, and EUV optic contamination appears to be manageable.
PD-1 Upregulated on Regulatory T Cells during Chronic Virus Infection Enhances the Suppression of CD8+ T Cell Immune Response via the Interaction with PD-L1 Expressed on CD8+ T Cells (2015)

Regulatory T (Treg) cells act as terminators of T cell immuniy during acute phase of viral infection; however, their role and suppressive mechanism in chronic viral infection are not completely understood. In this study, we compared the phenotype and function of Treg cells during acute or chronic infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Chronic infection, unlike acute infection, led to a large expansion of Treg cells and their upregulation of programmed death-1 (PD-1). Treg cells from chronically infected mice (chronic Treg cells) displayed greater suppressive capacity for inhibiting both CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cell proliferation and subsequent cytokine production than those from naive or acutely infected mice. A contact between Treg and CD8(+) T cells was necessary for the potent suppression of CD8(+) T cell immune response. More importantly, the suppression required cell-specific expression and interaction of PD-1 on chronic Treg cells and PD-1 ligand on CD8(+) T cells. Our study defines PD-1 upregulated on Treg cells and its interaction with PD-1 ligand on effector T cells as one cause for the potent T cell suppression and proposes the role of PD-1 on Treg cells, in addition to that on exhausted T cells, during chronic viral infection.
Fabrication of lithium niobate optical channel waveguides by nickel indiffusion (1994)

Abstract Singly and randomly polarized nickel‐indiffused waveguides in lithium niobate were found when fabricated under different diffusion conditions. The randomly polarized waveguides are verified to have the advantages of no outdiffusion guiding layer and low diffusion temperatures. The linear electro‐optic coefficient was found only slightly decreased when checked using a Mach‐Zehnder interferometer. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Matuzumab Short-Term Therapy in Experimental Pancreatic Cancer: Prolonged Antitumor Activity in Combination with Gemcitabine (2008)

Matuzumab is an effective agent with long-lasting antiproliferative, proapoptotic, antiangiogenic, and antimetastatic activity in human pancreatic cancer models. These effects might be potentiated by gemcitabine.
Sunlight and the 10-year incidence of age-related maculopathy: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. (2004)

Few significant relationships between environmental exposure to light and the 10-year incidence and progression of ARM were found in the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Consistent with results from the baseline and 5-year follow-up examinations, significant associations were found between extended exposure to the summer sun and the 10-year incidence of early ARM and increased retinal pigment. A protective effect of hat and sunglasses use by participants while in their teens and 30s against the 10-year incidence of soft indistinct drusen and retinal pigment epithelial depigmentation was also found, but only in those who reported the highest amount of sun exposure during the same periods.
MICROVESSEL COUNT AND VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR IN RENAL CELL CARCINOMA (1996)

The results indicate that RCC cells actively produce soluble VEGF and strongly suggest that VEGF and its receptor KDR cooperate to enhance the angiogenesis of this tumor.
Granular urea‐formaldehyde slow‐release fertilizer with superabsorbent and moisture preservation (2006)

Abstract To improve the utilization of fertilizer and water resource at the same time, a new type of slow‐release fertilizer with superabsorbent and moisture preservation was developed, with the combination of slow‐release technique and superabsorbent polymers. The coatings were formed by the inverse phase polymerization technique. The element analysis results showed that the product contained 22.58% nitrogen element, and the water absorbency of the product was 94 times its own weight if it was allowed to swell in tap water at room temperature for 2 h. The results of the slow‐release behavior of N and the water absorbency and retention properties in soil showed that the product not only had good slow‐release property but also had excellent water absorbency and water retention capacity, which was a significant advantage over the normal slow‐release or controlled‐release fertilizers. The effects of the amount of initiator, crosslinker, reaction time, and the degree of neutralization of acrylic acid on water absorbency were investigated and optimized. At the same, a rather new and simple method was used to make homogeneous urea‐formaldehyde granules. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 3230–3235, 2006
Spectrum of one-dimensional plasmons in a single stripe of two-dimensional electrons (2005)

Microwave absorption spectra of a single, narrow stripe of two-dimensional electrons have been recorded with an optical detection scheme in order to investigate the dispersion of one-dimensional (1D) plasmons. For narrow stripes the dispersion of 1D plasmons is linear up to momentum values $K=1∕W$, where $W$ is the width of the stripe. The dependencies of the 1D plasmon velocity on electron density, length, and width of the stripe were measured. We also address the behavior of the 1D transverse and longitudinal plasma modes in a perpendicular magnetic field.
Device model approximation using 2/sup N/ trees (1990)

The application of 2/sup N/ trees to device model approximation is described. The domain of the device model function is partitioned using a 2/sup N/ tree, with smaller partitions where the function is more nonlinear. The function value associated with each corner of each partition is precomputed, and the function is evaluated by a given point by interpolation over the smallest partition that includes that point. This technique has the advantage that highly nonlinear functions can be modeled with modest space and time requirements. Exponential functions, such as the subthreshold behavior of FETs, can be accurately modeled. Accuracy levels of 1% are possible down to currents of 10/sup -11/ A. Table generation time is small; it is only a few minutes for a MOSFET model including subthreshold effects. This algorithm is especially suited for application to a hardware-accelerated device model evaluator. The design of a prototype that is capable of performing a device model evaluation of a SPICE level-2 model including subthreshold effects in 1 mu s is described. Less detailed models, such as timing simulator models, can be evaluated in as little as 0.2 mu s.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pseudo-coherent demodulation for mobile satellite systems (1993)

This paper proposes three so-called pseudo-coherent demodulation schemes for use in land mobile satellite channels, The schemes are derived based on maximum-likelihood (ML) estimation and detection of an N-symbol observation of the received signal. Simulation results for all three demodulators are presented to allow comparison with the performance of differential PSK (DPSK), and ideal coherent demodulation for various system parameter sets of practical interest.
Use of western blot and radioimmunoprecipitation for diagnosis of feline leukemia and feline immunodeficiency virus infections (1991)

The uses and limitations of the western blot (WB) and radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) techniques for study of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and FeLV were evaluated. Western blot analysis was used to detect antigenic relatedness between the 2 lentiviruses. Using a rabbit serum directed against p26 of the equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) and anti-EIAV horse serum obtained from an infected horse, cross-reactivity with p24 of FIV was revealed. Cat sera obtained late after experimentally induced FIV infection recognized p26 of EIAV, which indicates reciprocal cross-reactivity. For RIPA, FIV was metabolically labeled, and virus-coded proteins were identified, using immunoprecipitation. Polypeptides with apparent molecular mass of about 15, 24, 43, 50, 120, and 160 kilodaltons were detected. An additional polypeptide of 10 kilodaltons was found only by use of WB analysis.
논문 : 수해 등급 설정과 수해 지형 모델 -섬진강 중,하류 일대를 중심으로- (2001)

본 연구에서는, 섬진강 및 그 지류들을 대상으로, 수해 가능성이 있는 지형을 조사하여 그 위험성에 따라 등급을 주어 분류하고 지도화하였으며, 이를 토대로 수해 지형을 모델화하였다. 수해 위험 등급은 하도 및 하안의 지형적인 특성을 고려하여 3개로 설정하였으며, 이를 기초로 수해가 잘 발생하는 지역의 하나로 알려진 섬진강 중ㆍ하류의 순창, 곡성, 남원 일대의 수해 지역을 지도화하였다. 또한 수해 지형을 합류지 범람형, Flash flood형, Avulsion 형, 곡류대 범람형으로 유형 분류하였다.
An Update on Laparoscopic Resection for Rectal Cancer (2010)

In view of the limited prospective data, laparoscopic resection for mid to low rectal cancer is still investigational in the United States. While feasibility studies are promising, open surgical resection remains the current standard of care. It is hoped that the long-term results of ongoing and newly initiated multi-institutional trials will fully define the role of laparoscopy in the treatment of mid to low rectal cancer.
Iejimalides A and B, novel 24-membered macrolides with potent antileukemic activity from the Okinawan tunicate Eudistoma cf. rigida (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIejimalides A and B, novel 24-membered macrolides with potent antileukemic activity from the Okinawan tunicate Eudistoma cf. rigidaJunichi Kobayashi, Jiefei Cheng, Tomihisa Ohta, Hideshi Nakamura, Shigeo Nozoe, Yoshimasa Hirata, Yasushi Ohizumi, and Takuma SasakiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 26, 6147–6150Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00261a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00261a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views334Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Labor induction post-term with 25 micrograms vs. 50 micrograms of intravaginal misoprostol (2003)

Intravaginal administration of 25 microg of misoprostol appears to be as effective as 50 microg for cervical ripening and labor induction beyond 41 weeks' gestation.
A Clutter Suppression Method Based on SOM-SMOTE Random Forest (2019)

Clutter suppression is always a significant but difficult problem in search radars. In complex clutter environment, conventional method may generate a large number of clutter residual plots. Therefore, we propose a novel clutter suppression method based on SOM-SMOTE Random Forest (SOM-SMOTE-RF) from the perspective of classifying targets and clutters. Firstly, we design signal-level features like amplitude, phase, spatial correlation, and range profile of radar echoes in order to construct a high-dimensional feature vector. Secondly, SOM-SMOTE is proposed by combining Self Organizing Map (SOM) and the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) to solve the imbalanced dataset problem in training Random Forest. Real data shows that SOM-SMOTE-RF suppresses 82% clutters with only 5% targets loss.