gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adding to the Mix: Fibroblast Growth Factor and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Pathways as Targets in Non – small Cell Lung Cancer (2012)

The treatment of advanced non � small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) increasingly involves the use of molecularly targeted therapy with activity against either the tumor directly, or indirectly, through activity against host-derived mechanisms of tumor support such as angiogenesis. The most well studied signaling pathway associated with angiogenesis is the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway, and the only antiangiogenic agent currently approved for the treatment of NSCLC is bevacizumab, an antibody targeted against VEGF. More recently, preclinical data supporting the role of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) signaling in angiogenesis have been reported. The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathways may also stimulate tumor growth directly through activation of downstream mitogenic signaling cascades. In addition, 1 or both of these pathways have been associated with resistance to agents targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and VEGF. A number of agents that target FGF and/or PDGF signaling are now in development for the treatment of NSCLC. This review will summarize the potential molecular roles of PDGFR and FGFR in tumor growth and angiogenesis, as well as discuss the current clinical status of PDGFR and FGFR inhibitors in clinical development.
Liquid Flow Forced Convection in Rectangular Microchannels With Nonuniform Heating: Toward Analytical Modeling of Hotspots (2020)

Abstract The heat generated by microprocessors has an extremely nonuniform spatial distribution with hotspots that have heat fluxes several times larger than the background flux. Hence, for an accurate design of microchannel heat sinks used for cooling of micro-electronic devices, models are required that can take such a nonuniform distribution of wall heat flux into account. In this study, analytical solutions are obtained for hydrodynamically fully developed but thermally developing mixed electro-osmotic and pressure-driven (PD) flow in a rectangular microchannel with a peripherally uniform but axially nonuniform distribution of the wall heat flux. It is assumed that the heat flux is applied over a finite length, to mimic a physically more realistic situation, and the Péclet number is small so that lateral temperature variations are negligible as compared to the axial variations of temperature. By comparing the results with those of full numerical simulations for exponential (EHF), sinusoidal (SHF), and stepwise (STHF) distributions of wall heat flux, it is demonstrated that the solutions obtained are accurate up to a Péclet number of 10. Fortunately, this value is larger than the maximum Péclet number of electro-osmotic microflows. Furthermore, it is shown that smoother distributions of wall heat flux give rise to higher heat transfer rates. The model developed in this study can pave the way for modeling of hotspots in more complicated microfluidic devices.
A secure card solution for remote access for mobile workforce (2003)

We developed a secure remote access system using a secure flash card with security functions. The flash card has a tamper resistant module that stores users' authentication information and security keys. The proposed secure remote access system offers users features such as improved usability and security of stored information.
WYSINWYX (2010)

Over the last seven years, we have developed static-analysis methods to recover a good approximation to the variables and dynamically allocated memory objects of a stripped executable, and to track the flow of values through them. The article presents the algorithms that we developed, explains how they are used to recover Intermediate Representations (IRs) from executables that are similar to the IRs that would be available if one started from source code, and describes their application in the context of program understanding and automated bug hunting. Unlike algorithms for analyzing executables that existed prior to our work, the ones presented in this article provide useful information about memory accesses, even in the absence of debugging information. The ideas described in the article are incorporated in a tool for analyzing Intel x86 executables, called CodeSurfer/x86. CodeSurfer/x86 builds a system dependence graph for the program, and provides a GUI for exploring the graph by (i) navigating its edges, and (ii) invoking operations, such as forward slicing, backward slicing, and chopping, to discover how parts of the program can impact other parts. To assess the usefulness of the IRs recovered by CodeSurfer/x86 in the context of automated bug hunting, we built a tool on top of CodeSurfer/x86, called Device-Driver Analyzer for x86 (DDA/x86), which analyzes device-driver executables for bugs. Without the benefit of either source code or symbol-table/debugging information, DDA/x86 was able to find known bugs (that had been discovered previously by source-code analysis tools), along with useful error traces, while having a low false-positive rate. DDA/x86 is the first known application of program analysis/verification techniques to industrial executables.
Electrical properties of amorphous barium titanate films sputter deposited under hydrogen containing atmosphere (2009)

Hydrogenated barium titanate films (a-BaTiO3:H) were grown by rf magnetron sputtering under hydrogen containing atmospheres. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared analyses were carried out in order to get insight on composition and chemical bonds. Impedance spectroscopy was used to investigate the dielectric behavior at low-temperature range. The strong O–H stretch band (at around 3500 cm−1) evidenced in the infrared spectrum clearly manifests the presence of protons in the hydrogenated material. The incorporation of protons during the deposition of a-BaTiO3:H films hugely modifies their electrical properties. These films exhibit large capacitance that is hundred times higher than the one measured when the film is grown without hydrogen. On the other hand, the presence of positively charged protons can contribute to the conduction process by introducing two main features. The first is related to a significant migration of proton between adjacent oxygen sites with an activation energy of 0.37 eV. This behavior might be responsible for the high protonic conductivity depicted in our material at temperature higher than −30 °C. Furthermore, protons were shown to engender hydrogen bonds in the structure. As a result, the dielectric relaxation observed at temperature below −30 °C could be ascribed to the dissociation of the hydrogen bonds. Activation energy for this process is around 0.26 eV.
Impact of a Chest Support on Lower Back Muscles Activity During Forward Bending (2010)

The present study is based on previous research on the poor body posture of surgeons and their experienced discomfort during surgical procedures. Since surgeons have head‐bent and back‐bent posture during open surgical procedures, a chest support is a viable supporting principle. This support is meant to reduce lower back pain by minimising lower back muscle activity. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of a chest support on lower back muscle activity during forward bending and to establish a possible relation between supporting force and the kind of balancing strategy a person adopts. Use of the chest support shows a significant reduction of muscle activity in the lower back and leg muscles. Within the participants three user groups are identified as “sceptical users”, “non‐trusters” and “fully trusters”, each following a different balancing strategy. Since there are different kinds of users, the designed body support should offer the possibility for altering the posture and should not constrain the user to take a certain body posture.
Age-Related Impaired Type 1 T Cell Responses to Influenza: Reduced Activation Ex Vivo, Decreased Expansion in CTL Culture In Vitro, and Blunted Response to Influenza Vaccination In Vivo in the Elderly (2004)

The objective of this study was to analyze the changes in the type 1 T cell response, including the CD4+ Th1 and CD8+ T cell responses, to influenza in the elderly compared with those in young adults. PBMC activated ex vivo with influenza virus exhibited an age-related decline in type 1 T cell response, shown by the decline in the frequency of IFN-gamma-secreting memory T cells specific for influenza (IFN-gamma+ ISMT) using ELISPOT or intracellular cytokine staining. The reduced frequency of IFN-gamma+ ISMT was accompanied by a reduced level of IFN-gamma secretion per cell in elderly subjects. Tetramer staining, combined with IFN-gamma ELISPOT, indicated that the decline in IFN-gamma+, influenza M1-peptide-specific T cells was not due to attrition of the T cell repertoire, but, rather, to the functional loss of ISMT with age. In addition, the decline in type 1 T cell response was not due to an increase in Th2 response or defects in APCs from the elderly. The expansion of influenza-specific CD8+ T cells in CTL cultures was reduced in the elderly. Compared with young subjects, frail elderly subjects also exhibited a blunted and somewhat delayed type 1 T cell response to influenza vaccination, which correlated positively with the reduced IgG1 subtype and the total Ab response. Taken together, these data demonstrate that there is a decline in the type 1 T cell response to influenza with age that may help explain the age-related decline in vaccine efficacy and the increases in influenza morbidity and mortality.
High‐Molecular‐Weight Hyaluronic Acids Inhibit Chemotaxis and Phagocytosis but Not Lysosomal Enzyme Release Induced by Receptor‐Mediated Stimulations in Guinea Pig Phagocytes (1994)

The effects of high-molecular-weight (HMW) hyaluronic acids (HAs) of 1.9 x 10(6) Da, 8 x 10(5) Da and 3 x 10(5) Da on the receptor-mediated functions of guinea pig peritoneal phagocytes were studied. HMW-HAs of 1.9 x 10(6) Da (HA190) and 8 x 10(5) Da (HA80) effectively inhibited the chemotactic activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) for formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP). The degree of inhibition was dose-dependent and the concentrations of HA190 and HA80 required for 50% inhibition were 0.5-1.5 mg/ml and 1.5-2.5 mg/ml, respectively. HMW-HA of 3 x 10(5) Da (HA30) hardly affected the chemotaxis within a concentration range of 0.5-5.0 mg/ml. The phagocytic activities of PMNs and macrophages (Mphis) for serum-opsonized zymosan (SOZ) and polystyrene latex particles were also inhibited by these HAs in a dose- and molecular-weight-dependent manner and HA190 was again the most inhibitory. By contrast, the release of lysosomal enzyme from Mphis stimulated with SOZ was not significantly affected by HMW-HAs at any concentration used. Furthermore, the binding of [3H]fMLP with PMNs and the rosette formation of Mphis with SOZ were not influenced by the presence of HMW-HAs. These findings suggested that the binding of HMW-HAs to the HA receptors on PMNs and M phi s might produce certain intracellular signals which would be responsible for the suppression of the chemotaxis and the phagocytosis but not for the release of lysosomal enzyme. For the generation of such signals, higher-molecular-weight HMW-HAs would be more effective than lower one.
TENSILE STRESSES DUE TO REINFORCEMENT RESTRAINING SHRINKAGE IN REINFORCED CONCRETE SLABS (1987)

In reinforced concrete, the reinforcement restrains concrete shrinkage and induces tensile stresses in the concrete. The tensile stresses induced are relevant to the serviceability limit states of cracking and deflection (for deflections depend on the amount of cracking). The paper describes a study of the tensile stresses due to steel reinforcement restraining concrete shrinkage ineffectively uncracked reinforced concretes labs. The study was based on numerical (computer) models which were used to simulate the behaviour of slab elements, considering a wide range of relevant conditions. The results indicate that long-term values of the tensile stresses typically reach about 2 MPa. The ratio of the tensile stress to tensile strength increases over a long period of time, and it typically reaches a value of about 3.0%. The tensile stresses and the ratios of tensile stress to tensile strength depend mainly on the relative humidity of the slab environment, and the quantity and distribution of steel reinforcement. It is concluded that the tensile stresses are significant with regard to the effect they could have on the cracking (and stiffness) of reinforced concretes labs. Furthermore, it is concluded that compression steel could be used to control the tensile stresses, in order to prevent cracking associated with shrinkage curvature.
Simple and Rapid F+ Coliphage Culture, Latex Agglutination, and Typing Assay To Detect and Source Track Fecal Contamination (2007)

Simple, rapid, and reliable fecal indicator tests are needed to better monitor and manage ambient waters and treated waters and wastes. Antibody-coated polymeric bead agglutination assays can fulfill these needs and are inexpensive and portable for nonlaboratory settings, and their reagents can be stored at ambient temperatures for months. The goal of this study was to develop, optimize, and validate a rapid microbial water quality monitoring assay using F+ coliphage culture, latex agglutination, and typing (CLAT) to detect F+ coliphage groups with antibody-coated particles. Rapid (180 min) F+ coliphage culture gave comparable results to those with the 16- to 24-h culture time used in EPA method 1601 and was amenable to CLAT assay detection. CLAT was performed on a cardboard card by mixing a drop of coliphage enrichment culture with a drop of antibody-coated polymeric beads as the detection reagent. Visual agglutination or clumping of positive samples occurred in <60 seconds. The CLAT assay had sensitivities of 96.4% (185/192 samples) and 98.2% (161/164 samples) and specificities of 100% (34/34 samples) and 97.7% (129/132 samples) for F+ RNA and DNA coliphages, respectively. CLAT successfully classified F+ RNA coliphages into serogroups typically obtained from human (groups II and III) and animal (groups I and IV) fecal sources, in similar proportions to those obtained with a nucleic acid hybridization assay. This novel group-specific antibody-based particle agglutination technique for rapid and simple detection and grouping of F+ coliphages provides a new and improved tool for monitoring the microbiological quality of drinking, recreational, shellfishing, and other waters.
New lithium, ammonium, and tin hexagonal tungsten bronzes prepared hydrothermallly (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew lithium, ammonium, and tin hexagonal tungsten bronzes prepared hydrothermalllyT. E. Gier, D. C. Pease, A. W. Sleight, and T. A. BitherCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1968, 7, 8, 1646–1647Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50066a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50066a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views347Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Superior and inferior vena caval flows during respiration: pathogenesis of Kussmaul's sign (1992)

Respiratory induced changes in superior (QSVC) and inferior (QIVC) vena caval flows and abdominal pressures were evaluated in anesthetized closed-chest dogs. QSVC and QIVC were measured with ultrasound transit time flow probes (n = 5), and general (Pab) and regional subdiaphragmatic (Pd) abdominal pressures were measured by air-filled balloons (n = 5), during two respiratory maneuvers produced by phrenic nerve stimulation, i.e., simulated spontaneous inspiration (SSI), and Mueller maneuver (MM), with the airway occluded to minimize diaphragmatic descent. With hypervolemia: during SSI, QSVC decreased, QIVC increased, and right atrial pressure increased (P less than 0.05) despite a decrease in esophageal pressure (Pes), i.e., Kussmaul's sign; during MM, both QSVC and QIVC increased (P less than 0.05) without Kussmaul's sign. The ratios delta Pab/delta Pes and delta Pd/Pes were larger during SSI than MM (P less than 0.01). With hypovolemia: during SSI and MM, QSVC increased and QIVC decreased with a venous pressure gradient across the diaphragm (P less than 0.05), consistent with development of a vascular waterfall. These results suggest that 1) changes in abdominal pressure may affect the patterns of QSVC and QIVC during respiration, depending on blood volume status; 2) a prolonged inspiration with hypovolemia may decrease QIVC because of the development of a vascular waterfall; 3) QSVC and QIVC may be interdependent during respiration; and 4) the essential mechanism of Kussmaul's sign is a substantially larger inspiratory increase in abdominal pressures produced by diaphragmatic descent compared with the decrease in intrathoracic pressure under hypervolemic conditions, rather than the presence of pericardial pathology or right heart dysfunction.
A voltage uniformity study in large-area reactors for RF plasma deposition (1997)

Non-uniform voltage distribution across the electrode area results in inhomogeneous thin-film RF plasma deposition in large-area reactors. In this work, a two-dimensional analytic model for the calculation of the voltage distribution across the electrode area is presented. The results of this model are in good agreement with measurements performed without plasma at 13.56 MHz and 70 MHz in a large-area reactor. The principal voltage inhomogeneities are caused by logarithmic singularities in the vicinity of RF connections and not by standing waves. These singularities are only described by a two-dimensional model and cannot be intuitively predicted by analogy to a one-dimensional case. Plasma light emission measurements and thickness homogeneity studies of a-Si:H deposited films show that the plasma reproduces these voltage inhomogeneities. Improvement of the voltage uniformity is investigated by changing the number and position of the RF connections.
Satellite attitude determination based on GPS signal-to-noise ratio (1999)

A method is presented for coarse attitude determination using the Global Positioning System (GPS) signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) from a single antenna mounted on a near-Earth satellite. It comprises a calibration procedure and a single-point optimal solution for the orientation of the antenna boresight vector. The calibration step creates an empirical mapping of the SNR to the angle between the antenna boresight and the GPS line-of-sight vector, based upon a ground or flight data set. The rms attitude accuracy at the level of 3/spl deg/-10/spl deg/ is demonstrated with actual flight data from several spacecraft. Performance is shown to depend strongly on the number of GPS signals available and the quality of the calibration mapping function. The method is suitable as a backup attitude sensor for low-cost satellite and terrestrial applications, and as a coarse reference for ambiguity resolution and integrity verification of phase-based GPS attitude-determination algorithms.
Parasitic Wasps Learn and Report Diverse Chemicals with Unique Conditionable Behaviors (2003)

Parasitoids exploit numerous chemical cues to locate hosts and food. Whether they detect and learn chemicals foreign to their natural history has not been explored. We show that the parasitoid Microplitis croceipes can associate, with food or hosts, widely different chemicals outside their natural foraging encounters. When learned chemicals are subsequently detected, this parasitoid manifests distinct behaviors characteristic with expectations of food or host, commensurate with prior training. This flexibility of parasitoids to rapidly link diverse chemicals to resource needs and subsequently report them with recognizable behaviors offers new insights into their foraging adaptability, and provides a model for further dissection of olfactory learning related processes [KEYWORDS: behavior, learning, Microplitis croceipes, olfaction]
Binding clients to replicated servers: Initial and continuous binding (2004)

Much effort has been dedicated to the development of application-layer and network-layer mechanisms for selecting the "best" server among a set of replicated servers. In this work, we highlight a different problem that arises in the replicated server context; namely, when to to invoke and use a server selection mechanism. We use the term "binding" to refer to the function that queries a server selection mechanism and makes decisions about how to use the results. We consider two extreme cases of binding frequency, Initial Binding at the start of a connection, and Continuous Binding for each packet. We propose and evaluate a Continuous Binding scheme, and then compare these two extremes to one another. Our results indicate that a single client can improve performance by using Continuous Binding for a long-lived connection. However, when multiple clients use Continuous Binding, performance degrades. These results imply that network-layer server selection mechanisms may not be useful in the data plane for connection-based applications, which are the dominant form of communication in the current Internet.
CMOS Digital Image Stabilization (2007)

In this paper, we present a CMOS digital image stabilization algorithm based on the characteristics of a rolling shutter camera. Due to the rolling shuttering mechanism of a CMOS sensor, a CMOS video frame shows CMOS distortions which are not observed in a CCD video frame, and previous video stabilization techniques cannot handle these distortions properly even though they can make a visually stable CMOS video sequence. In our proposed algorithm, we first suggest a CMOS distortion model. This model is based on a rolling shutter mechanism which provides a solution to solve the CMOS distortion problem. Next, we estimate the global image motion and the CMOS distortion transformation directly from the homography between CMOS frames. Using the two transformations, we remove CMOS distortions as well as jittering motions in a CMOS video. In the experimental results, we demonstrate that our proposed algorithm can handle the CMOS distortion problem more effectively as well as the jittering problem in a CMOS video compared to previous CCD-based digital image stabilization techniques.