gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relation Between Morphology, Etch Rate, Surface Wetting, and Electrochemical Characteristics for Micromachined Silicon Subject to Galvanic Corrosion (2008)

Immersion of silicon in HF-based solutions is utilized in microsystems fabrication to render freestanding mechanical structures. Such etching, however, creates a galvanic couple between silicon and a metallic layer (e.g., gold), resulting in corrosion damage. Morphology, resistive probe, surface wetting, and electrochemical characterization (vs ) of single- and polycrystalline silicon subjected to galvanic corrosion in three HF-based solutions (undiluted 48% HF, , and UDHF:Triton X-100) are used here to formally substantiate the results of a previous mechanical (microtensile) study. Porosity estimated from the morphology of corroded samples allows the corrosion current density to be determined from etch-rate measurements, according to Faraday's law. Resistive probe structures are used to simulate the microtensile specimens, thereby characterizing corrosion current as a function of time, etchant type, illumination, and the amount of metal utilized. The measured current density of micromachined silicon is compared against (100) wafer specimens using polarization characterization, identifying the porous Si formation regime. Using sessile drop measurements, the three etchants are further distinguished based on their surface-wetting characteristics. The chronopotentiometry, resistive probe, and microtensile characterizations all identify the behavior regimes of rapid initiation, subsequent steady-state corrosion, and the final catastrophic failure of the microtensile specimens.
Scratch Drive Actuator Driven Self-assembled Variable Optical Attenuator (2004)

This paper describes the new concept and design for a self-assembled variable optical attenuator (VOA) derived by using surface micromachining technology. A residual stress-induced flexure curved beam with corrugated trench anchors can lift up the reflective mirror shutter. This self-assembled reflective shutter can be driven by a set of scratch drive actuator (SDA), then slides into the spacing between input and output fiber ends. The attenuation range of proposed microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) VOA is determined by the vertical position of self-assembled pop-up polysilicon reflective shutter in which it is controlled by the value of applied dc voltage. This new VOA demonstrates continuous attenuation capability and wide attenuation range based on using an electrostatic actuator that is a new residual stress-induced flexure curved beam with corrugated-trench anchors. This device exhibits attenuation range of 70 dB and insertion loss less than 1 dB.
Detection of plasma (1 → 3)-<i>β</i>-<scp>d</scp>-glucan in patients with<i>Fusarium, Trichosporon, Saccharomyces</i>and<i>Acremonium</i>fungaemias (1997)

(1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucan, a characteristic fungal molecule, is known to increase in blood in invasive candidiasis, aspergillosis and cryptococcosis. This report shows that the plasma glucan concentration was also elevated in four patients infected with Fusarium, Trichosporon beigelii, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Acremonium. In three of the patients, the elevation preceded positive blood cultures by 5-17 days, and in one of them it even preceded the onset of fever by 6 days. In a fourth patient, the glucan level decreased with clinical improvement. Plasma (1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucan determination appears to be useful also for diagnosis and follow-up of these unusual deep mycoses.
Scenario-based object-oriented testing framework (2003)

This paper presents a scenario-based object-oriented test framework (SOOTF) for adaptive and rapid testing. The framework takes test scenario specification as input, prepares data for test execution, performs test execution, and evaluates test results with a database support. The framework also has several built-in regression testing strategies that can be used to test the modified software. The framework is implemented in Java using many OO design patterns such as template method, strategy, and composite. The framework is implemented using a 3-tiered architecture with GUI front end, and test management in the middle, and a database at the backend. Whenever there is a change to the system/application under test, SOOTF identifies all the potentially affected scenarios, and perform regression testing using existing test cases stored in the database. A tester may also reuse the existing test scripts to perform stress testing. This paper uses a banking system example to illustrate the framework.
Model Transformation Tools (MTT):The Open Source Bond Graph Project (2005)

The rapid growth of GNU/Linux in recent years has focused attention on free and
open source software. MTT (Model Transformation Tools) is, as far as the authors are aware,
the only open source project related to bond graphs. This paper surveys MTT in its present
form and invites collaboration from the wider bond graph community.
PINK1-PRKN/PARK2 pathway of mitophagy is activated to protect against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (2018)

Damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria are toxic to the cell by producing reactive oxygen species and releasing cell death factors. Therefore, timely removal of these organelles is critical to cellular homeostasis and viability. Mitophagy is the mechanism of selective degradation of mitochondria via autophagy. The significance of mitophagy in kidney diseases, including ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI), has yet to be established, and the involved pathway of mitophagy remains poorly understood. Here, we show that mitophagy is induced in renal proximal tubular cells in both in vitro and in vivo models of ischemic AKI. Mitophagy under these conditions is abrogated by <i>Pink1</i> and <i>Park2</i> deficiency, supporting a critical role of the PINK1-PARK2 pathway in tubular cell mitophagy. Moreover, ischemic AKI is aggravated in <i>pink1</i> and<i>park2</i> single- as well as double-knockout mice. Mechanistically, <i>Pink1</i> and <i>Park2</i> deficiency enhances mitochondrial damage, reactive oxygen species production, and inflammatory response. Taken together, these results indicate that PINK1-PARK2-mediated mitophagy plays an important role in mitochondrial quality control, tubular cell survival, and renal function during AKI.
Who Wants Clinical Pharmacology!? (1971)

Editorial1 February 1971Who Wants Clinical Pharmacology!?KENNETH L. MELMON, M.D., F.A.C.P., HOWARD F. MORRELLI, M.D., F.A.C.P.KENNETH L. MELMON, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, HOWARD F. MORRELLI, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-2-291 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptStudies on the prescription habits of physicians have aroused worldwide concern about therapeutics as a major scientific and educational problem (1-5). The WHO Technical Report, "Clinical Pharmacology: Scope, Organization, Training" (6), sounds the alarm: patients in the 1970's are in a hazardous position because of the development of many new drugs that are poorly prescribed and because of the "galloping consumption" of drugs by the public. What should be done? The WHO report indicates that clinical pharmacologists may provide the answer and inquires why clinical pharmacologists are unavailable, despite the fiat provided by preferential funding and general acceptance by academic...References1. PALMER R: Drug misuse and physician education. Clin Pharmacol Ther 10:1-4, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. STOLLEY P and LASAGNA L: Prescribing patterns of physicians. J Chronic Dis 22:395-405, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. OGILVIE R and RUEDY J: Adverse drug reactions during hospitalization. Canad Med Ass J 97:1450-1457, 1967 MedlineGoogle Scholar4. MELMON K, SHEINER L, and MORRELLI H: Preventable drug reactions: causes and cures. New Eng J Med. In press, 1971 MedlineGoogle Scholar5. MELMON K and MORRELLI H: Drug reactions, in Clinical Pharmacology: Basic Principles of Therapeutics, edited by MELMON KL, MORRELLI HF. New York, The MacMillan Co. In press, 1971 Google Scholar6. : Clinical pharmacology: scope, organization, training. Report of a WHO study group. WHO Techn Rep Ser 446:1-21, 1970 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: KENNETH L. MELMON, M.D., F.A.C.P.; HOWARD F. MORRELLI, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology School of Medicine University of California Medical Center San Fracisco, Calif. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1971Volume 74, Issue 2Page: 291-292KeywordsClinical pharmacologyDrugsHabits ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
TWO-PHOTON EXCITATION OF FLUORESCENCE BY PICOSECOND LIGHT PULSES (1967)

Standing wave excitation of two-photon fluorescence in solutions or organic molecules is reported. The observations allow the direct display and measurement of optical pulses as short as 1−2 × 10−2 sec.
Ballistic trajectory estimation with angle-only measurements (1980)

An iterative least square estimation algorithm is applied to the problem of state estimation of ballistic trajectories with angle-only measurements. A filter initiation procedure is suggested. The application of trajectory a priori knowledge for improving the state estimate is discussed and solved as a constrained estimation problem. A Monte Carlo simulation study was conducted to evaluate these techniques. It was found that the iterative least square filter achieves the Cramer-Rao bound while the extended Kalman filter generally does not.
RNA Aptamers Targeted to Domain II of Hepatitis C Virus IRES That Bind to Its Apical Loop Region (2003)

The internal ribosome entry site (IRES) is important for translation of hepatitis C virus (HCV) mRNA and has a unique RNA structure containing conserved domains I to IV. To investigate the function of domain II, we selected RNA aptamers that bind to domain II of HCV IRES by applying a simple and convenient selection method using a hybridized tag for fixing domain II RNA on magnetic beads instead of synthesizing long RNA. In addition, we employed surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology to measure the binding affinity of each generation and to obtain detailed kinetic constants. The selected aptamers have a consensus sequence, 5'-UAUGGCU-3', which is complementary to the apical loop of domain II. The loop-loop interaction between the consensus sequence and domain II was confirmed by mutagenesis and nuclease mapping analyses. Binding affinities were dependent on the local structure containing the conserved sequence. The aptamers could inhibit IRES-dependent translation.
Elevated IFN-gamma and decreased IL-2 gene expression are associated with HIV infection. (1993)

Because cytokines have a central role in the regulation and function of the human immune system, expression of several key cytokine genes in HIV infection was compared by quantitative polymerase chain reaction studies in lymphocytes from HIV-seronegative and -seropositive subjects. Elevated levels of IFN-gamma mRNA and lowered IL-2 mRNA were found in the PBMC of eight seropositive men with CD4 T cells over 500/mm3 (mean, 647/mm3), whereas IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA were not changed significantly. PBMC obtained 2 yr later from four of these patients with stable disease status (unchanged CD4 T cell number) showed median mRNA levels that were nearer normal for IFN-gamma and for IL-2. Four other men whose CD4 levels fell more than 200/mm3 in the following 2 yr, however, showed increased IFN-gamma and lowered IL-2. Purified CD4 and CD8 T cells from 10 HIV-seropositive and 10 -seronegative homosexual men were compared. Cytokine gene expression was found to be markedly different in CD4 and CD8 T cells from HIV-seropositive men. In CD8 T cells on a per-cell basis, the levels of cytokine mRNA were substantially lower than in CD4 T cells and were not markedly changed in HIV infection. In the CD4 T cells, on a per-cell basis, the mean mRNA levels of IFN-gamma, IL-10, and TNF-alpha were increased substantially (p < 0.001) in HIV infection. IL-2 gene expression was not increased significantly. Thus, the low IL-2 mRNA expression seen in PBMC is primarily due to the reduced CD4 T cell numbers. Increased expression of IFN-gamma genes in CD4 T cells, however, indicates that these cells may be responsible for substantial amounts of circulating IFN-gamma that occur in HIV infection. The striking difference in the effect of HIV infection on the expression of IFN-gamma and IL-2 genes indicates that these cytokines are under separate control. IL-4 mRNA levels were not changed. IL-10 gene expression, however, was increased more in early HIV infection, with less of an increase later. Expression of all cytokines in CD4 T cells appeared to subside late in HIV infection. However, the balance of cytokine expression was altered in all stages of HIV infection.
[Antitumor effect and mechanism of a novel multifunctional nucleoside, 3'-ethynylnucleoside, on human cancers]. (1997)

The antitumor activity of 1-(3-C-ethynyl-beta-D-ribo-pentofuranosyl) cytosine (ECyd) and 1-(3-C-ethynyl-beta-D-ribo-pentofuranosyl) uracil (EUrd), designed as a potential multifunctional antitumor nucleoside to inhibit RNA and DNA syntheses, was examined. ECyd and EUrd inhibited the growth of 47 kinds of cultured human cells in vitro and also showed strong antitumor effects on 15 human solid cancers xenografted into nude mice at a dose of 0.25 mg/kg (ECyd) or 2 mg/kg (EUrd) by intravenous administration for 10 consecutive days. The in vitro cytotoxic effect of ECyd and EUrd was prevented dose dependently by cytidine and uridine, suggesting that ECyd and EUrd may require phosphorylation by uridine/cytidine kinase for antitumor activity. ECyd and EUrd strongly inhibited RNA synthesis and slightly inhibited DNA synthesis. ECyd and EUrd have shown potent antitumor activity against human experimental solid type tumors with minimal toxic effects in vivo, suggesting that ECyd and EUrd is a promising agent with a unique mechanism of action for the treatment of cancer.
Understanding and Managing Atopic Dermatitis in Adult Patients (2012)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) in adults is an important dermatologic disease. Even in patients in whom the clinical presentation is mild, the burden of disease can be considerable. Relatively little has been published on adult AD compared to the body of literature devoted to AD in children, although adults with severe AD are greatly affected by the disease. Even when AD is a mild clinical disease in adults, the psychosocial and economic burden of the disease can be profound. Patients are likely to find it useful if these nondermatologic comorbidities of AD are addressed by health care providers in clinical encounters. The treatment options for AD in adults are the same as those for children with AD, with some modifications.
Human Mitochondrial ClpP Is a Stable Heptamer That Assembles into a Tetradecamer in the Presence of ClpX (2005)

The functional form of ClpP, the proteolytic component of ATP-dependent Clp proteases, is a hollow-cored particle composed of two heptameric rings joined face-to-face forming an aqueous chamber containing the proteolytic active sites. We have found that isolated human mitochondrial ClpP (hClpP) is stable as a heptamer and remains a monodisperse species (s(20,w) 7.0 S; M(app) 169, 200) at concentrations > or = 3 mg/ml. Heptameric hClpP has no proteolytic activity and very low peptidase activity. In the presence of ATP, hClpX interacts with hClpP forming a complex, which by equilibrium sedimentation measurements has a M(app) of 1 x 10(6). Electron microscopy confirmed that the complex consisted of a double ring of hClpP with an hClpX ring axially aligned on each end. The hClpXP complex has protease activity and greatly increased peptidase activity, indicating that interaction with hClpX affects the conformation of the hClpP catalytic active site. A mutant of hClpP, in which a cysteine residue was introduced into the handle region at the interface between the two rings formed stable tetradecamers under oxidizing conditions but spontaneously dissociated into two heptamers upon reduction. Thus, hClpP rings interact transiently but very weakly in solution, and hClpX must exert an allosteric effect on hClpP to promote a conformation that stabilizes the tetradecamer. These data suggest that hClpX can regulate the appearance of hClpP peptidase activity in mitochondria and might affect the nature of the degradation products released during ATP-dependent proteolytic cycles.
SYNTHESIS OF 6-CHLORO-9-METHYL-N-METHOXYPHENOTHIAZINES VIA SMILES REARRANGEMENT (2002)

6-Chloro-9-methyl-/7-methoxyphenothiazines have been synthesized via Smiles rearrangement of 6-chloro-3-methyl-/5-methoxy-2-formamido-2'-nitrodiphenyl sulfides. The formyl derivatives were obtained by the formylation of diphenyl sulfides which were prepared by the condensation of 2-amino-6-chloro-3-methyl-/5-methoxybenzenethiols with o-halonitrobenzenes. With halonitrobenzene having nitro group at both the ortho positions to the reactive halogen atom, 1-nitrophenothiazines are obtained in a single step as Smiles rearrangement occurs in situ.
Management of intermittent claudication with pentoxifylline: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. (1996)

Pentoxifylline therapy may be efficacious in improving the walking capacity of patients with moderate intermittent claudication. However, properly conducted clinical trials are required to provide a true estimate of the benefit.
Bioimprinting as a tool for the detection of aflatoxin B1 using a capacitive biosensor (2016)

A strategy for the detection of aflatoxin B1 using a capacitive biosensor has been studied. The use of proteins for the generation of sites with high specificity against aflatoxin B1 are produced via bioimprinting. This technique has become a tool for the detection of aflatoxin B1 using a capacitive biosensor. The results demonstrate the ability to generate specific interactions with aflatoxin B1 with a linear relation between signals registered and log concentration of the target aflatoxin in the concentration range of 3.2 × 10<sup>-6</sup> to 3.2 × 10<sup>-9</sup> M when using ovalbumin as framework for the bioimprinting.
Retinal Ganglion Cell Replacement: Current Status and Challenges Ahead (2018)

The neurons of the retina can be affected by a wide variety of inherited or environmental degenerations that can lead to vision loss and even blindness. Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration is the hallmark of glaucoma and other optic neuropathies that affect millions of people worldwide. Numerous strategies are being trialed to replace lost neurons in different degeneration models, and in recent years, stem cell technologies have opened promising avenues to obtain donor cells for retinal repair. Stem cell-based transplantation has been most frequently used for the replacement of rod photoreceptors, but the same tools could potentially be used for other retinal cell types, including RGCs. However, RGCs are not abundant in stem cell-derived cultures, and in contrast to the short-distance wiring of photoreceptors, RGC axons take a long and intricate journey to connect with numerous brain nuclei. Hence, a number of challenges still remain, such as the ability to scale up the production of RGCs and a reliable and functional integration into the adult diseased retina upon transplantation. In this review, we discuss the recent advancements in the development of replacement therapies for RGC degenerations and the challenges that we need to overcome before these technologies can be applied to the clinic. Developmental Dynamics 248:118-128, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preventive Role of Resveratrol Against Inflammatory Cytokines and Related Diseases (2019)

This study would outline the role of harmful inflammatory cytokines as well as how they accelerate pathophysiology and progress to an inflammatory disorder. Therefore, this study might show a potential therapeutic value of using Resveratrol by health professionals in preventing inflammatory disorders.
Polymers carrying sLe <sup>x</sup> ‐mimetics are superior inhibitors of E‐selectin‐dependent leukocyte rolling in vivo (2003)

Selectins mediate leukocyte rolling and may represent good anti-inflammatory drug targets. Detailed knowledge regarding the structure of selectin ligands has permitted development of selectin antagonists with varying specificities and activity. Efficacy of monovalent selectin antagonists may be increased by presenting them on a polymer backbone. We have synthesized a range of multivalent selectin antagonists and characterized their activity by using intravital microscopy of the mouse cremaster muscle. The monovalent inhibitor CGP77175A inhibited E-selectin-dependent leukocyte rolling at a dose of 3 mg/kg. Multivalent presentation of CGP77175A on a modified polylysine backbone (degree of polymerization = 1200; 50% of the polylysines carry the inhibitor) greatly enhanced in vivo activity giving an inhibitor that produced an equivalent effect at 0.1 mg/kg. The polylysine conjugate was also longer acting than the monovalent antagonist. In spite of greatly enhanced activity against E-selectin compared with monovalent inhibitor, the multivalent inhibitor had no measurable effect on P- or L-selectin-dependent leukocyte rolling.
The Credit Suisse Meta-data Warehouse (2012)

This paper describes the meta-data warehouse of Credit Suisse that is productive since 2009. Like most other large organizations, Credit Suisse has a complex application landscape and several data warehouses in order to meet the information needs of its users. The problem addressed by the meta-data warehouse is to increase the agility and flexibility of the organization with regards to changes such as the development of a new business process, a new business analytics report, or the implementation of a new regulatory requirement. The meta-data warehouse supports these changes by providing services to search for information items in the data warehouses and to extract the lineage of information items. One difficulty in the design of such a meta-data warehouse is that there is no standard or well-known meta-data model that can be used to support such search services. Instead, the meta-data structures need to be flexible themselves and evolve with the changing IT landscape. This paper describes the current data structures and implementation of the Credit Suisse meta-data warehouse and shows how its services help to increase the flexibility of the whole organization. A series of example meta-data structures, use cases, and screenshots are given in order to illustrate the concepts used and the lessons learned based on feedback of real business and IT users within Credit Suisse.
HEREDITARY MULTIPLE EXOSTOSIS. (1964)

1. Hereditary multiple exostosis has been studied in fifty-six patients and their relatives. In most cases previous records were available and the progress of the disease could be traced over many years. 2. The characteristic lesions are described and the complications encountered in the present series of cases are noted. The disease is inherited in approximately two-thirds of the cases and invariably produces detectable lesions in the heterozygote. 3. The cartilage-capped exostoses are confined to the endochondral skeleton where their incidence is closely related to the growth potential of the sites involved. 4. An attempt has been made to explain the curious distribution of the exostoses, and the likely theories of the pathogenesis of the disease are discussed.