gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alpha-synuclein Post-translational Modifications as Potential Biomarkers for Parkinson Disease and Other Synucleinopathies (2013)

The development of novel therapies against neurodegenerative disorders requires the ability to detect their early, presymptomatic manifestations in order to enable treatment before irreversible cellular damage occurs. Precocious signs indicative of neurodegeneration include characteristic changes in certain protein levels, which can be used as diagnostic biomarkers when they can be detected in fluids such as blood plasma or cerebrospinal fluid. In the case of synucleinopathies, cerebrospinal alpha-synuclein (α-syn) has attracted great interest as a potential biomarker; however, there is ongoing debate regarding the association between cerebrospinal α-syn levels and neurodegeneration in Parkinson disease and synucleinopathies. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) have emerged as important determinants of α-syn's physiological and pathological functions. Several PTMs are enriched within Lewy bodies and exist at higher levels in α-synucleinopathy brains, suggesting that certain modified forms of α-syn might be more relevant biomarkers than the total α-syn levels. However, the quantification of PTMs in bodily fluids poses several challenges. This review describes the limitations of current immunoassay-based α-syn quantification methods and highlights how these limitations can be overcome using novel mass-spectrometry-based assays. In addition, we describe how advances in chemical synthesis, which have enabled the preparation of α-syn proteins that are site-specifically modified at single or multiple residues, can facilitate the development of more accurate assays for detecting and quantifying α-syn PTMs in health and disease.
Cocaine contamination of banknotes: a review (2017)

Circulating banknotes could be used to indicate substances used in a population, and those recently introduced in a geographical macro-area. The identification of very high amounts of cocaine can provide important information for the identification of banknotes used in illegal trafficking.
Electrophilic monohalogenation of o- and m-carboranes by iodine and bromine in the presence of AlCl/sub 3/ in polychloromethanes (1988)

The iodination reaction was carried out with different amounts of AlCl/sub 3/. For comparison, the electrophilic bromination of o- and m-carboranes in CCl/sub 4/,CHCl/sub 3/, and CH/sub 2/Cl/sub 2/ were studied in the presence of AlCl/sub 3/. It was found that the results of iodination of o- and m-carboranes in CCl/sub 4/ and CHCl/sub 3/ depend on the quality and quantity of AlCl/sub 3/ and on the time of the reaction. Data on the iodination of the carboranes in CCl/sub 4/ are listed. It was shown that monoiodination of o- and m-carboranes by iodine in CCl/sub 4/ and cHCl/sub 3/ in the presence of AlCl/sub 3/ is accompanied by the formation of chloro-substituted o- and m-carboranes due to the reactions of CCl/sub 4/ or CHCl/sub 3/ with o- and m-carboranes.
Central Asia and the New Global Economy. Ed. Boris Rumer. Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 2000. xiv, 288 pp. Notes. Bibliography. Index. Tables. Map. $66.95, hard bound. (2002)

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Adaptive Optimization of a Free Space Laser Communication System Under Dynamic Link Attenuation (2011)

Free space laser communication is a potentially attractive technology that can offer intrinsically high data rates and resistance to jamming, and facilitates low probability of interception and low probability of detection (LPI/LPD). However, practical links established in the atmosphere are adversely affected by signal attenuation and dynamic turbulence, which can create spatial and temporal variations in the refractive index. The resulting distortions lead to reduced signal power and increased bit error rate (BER), even over short ranges. To overcome possible signal degradation under adverse conditions, laser communication systems must increase power and reduce the communication bit rate. Under dynamic link attenuation both of these parameters can be tuned to optimize performance. In this paper, we present and compare three methods for optimizing optical link efficiency. The work is based on experiments conducted with a commercially available system, and its scaled-down laboratory prototype. The proposed methods demonstrate different degrees of optimization capabilities under practical operating conditions, but, in general, they maintain the highest possible bit rate at the minimum power consumption, while obtaining an acceptable BER.
HapWheel: In-Car Infotainment System Feedback Using Haptic and Hovering Techniques (2021)

In-car devices are growing both in complexity and capacity, integrating functionalities that used to be divided among other controls in the vehicles. These systems appear increasingly in the form of touchscreens as a cost-saving measure. Screens lack the physicality of traditional buttons or switches, requiring drivers to look away from the road to operate them. This paper presents the design, implementation, and two studies that evaluated HapWheel, a system that provides the driver with haptic feedback in the steering wheel while interacting with an Infotainment System. Results show that the proposed system reduced both the duration of and the number of times a driver looked away from the road. HapWheel was also successful at reducing the number of mistakes during the interaction.
Co-Regularized Hashing for Multimodal Data (2012)

Hashing-based methods provide a very promising approach to large-scale similarity search. To obtain compact hash codes, a recent trend seeks to learn the hash functions from data automatically. In this paper, we study hash function learning in the context of multimodal data. We propose a novel multimodal hash function learning method, called Co-Regularized Hashing (CRH), based on a boosted coregularization framework. The hash functions for each bit of the hash codes are learned by solving DC (difference of convex functions) programs, while the learning for multiple bits proceeds via a boosting procedure so that the bias introduced by the hash functions can be sequentially minimized. We empirically compare CRH with two state-of-the-art multimodal hash function learning methods on two publicly available data sets. 1
Synthesis and “in Vitro” Antimicrobial Properties ofN-Oxide Derivatives Based on Tricyclic Indeno[2,1-c]pyridazine and Benzo[f]cinnoline Systems (2000)

A number of 9H-indeno[2,1-c]pyridazine N-oxides (3a-c) and benzo[f]cinnoline N-oxides (4,5a-c) have been synthesized and tested for antimicrobial activity. All new products were inactive against Gram negative bacteria and fungi. In contrast, among the compounds synthesized, 3b, 4b and 5b showed a moderate activity against Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Of the present series, the 9-nitro-benzo[f]cinnoline N-oxide 5b possessed the highest activity especially against Trichomonas vaginalis (MIC = 3.9 micrograms/ml).
Medida de concentración de Gini: observaciones sobre las fórmulas de cálculo y el Principio de Población de Dalton. Propuesta de un factor de corrección (2015)

En la primera parte del presente trabajo se investigan diferentes formas de cálculo de la razón de concentración conocida como Coeficiente o Índice de Gini, y el no cumplimiento del axioma conocido como de "invariancia a la replicación" o "Principio de Población de Dalton" en algunas de ellas. El alcance de las conclusiones se limita al comportamiento de las fórmulas sometidas a prueba (se encuentran entre las más conocidas) cuando son aplicadas a distribuciones de datos desagregados. En la segunda parte se propone un factor de corrección para las fórmulas de cálculo analizadas, de manera que satisfagan el Principio de Población.
Phosphoinositide system-linked serotonin receptor subtypes and their pharmacological properties and clinical correlates. (1995)

Serotonergic neurotransmission represents a complex mechanism involving pre- and post-synaptic events and distinct 5-HT receptor subtypes. Serotonin (5-HT) receptors have been classified into several categories, and they are termed as 5-HT1, 5-HT2, 5-HT3, 5-HT4, 5-HT5, 5-HT6 and 5-HT7 type receptors. 5-HT1 receptors have been further subdivided into 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D, 5-HT1E and 5-HT1F. 5-HT2 receptors have been divided into 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C receptors. All 5-HT2 receptor subtypes are linked to the multifunctional phosphoinositide (PI) signalling system. 5-HT3 receptors are considered ion-gated receptors and are also linked to the PI signalling system by an unknown mechanism. The 5-HT2A receptor subtype is the most widely studied of the 5-HT receptors in psychiatric disorders (for example, suicide, depression and schizophrenia) as well as in relation to the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs. The roles of 5-HT2C and 5-HT3 receptors in psychiatric disorders are less clear. These 5-HT receptors also play an important role in alcoholism. It has been shown that 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C and 5-HT3 antagonists cause attenuation of alcohol intake in animals and humans. However, the exact mechanisms are unknown. The recent cloning of the cDNAs for 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C and 5-HT3 receptors provides the opportunity to explore the molecular mechanisms responsible for the alterations in these receptors during illness as well as pharmacotherapy. This review article will focus on the current research into the pharmacological properties, molecular biology, and clinical correlates of 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C and 5-HT3 receptors.
Cyclization Reaction in Acrylonitrile-Contained Acrylic Copolymers and Its Possible Application for the Improvement of Dry Etch Resistance for Photoresists. (1998)

Acrylonitrile (AN)/methacrylic acid (MAA) copolymer and AN/tert-butyl methacrylate (tBMA)/MAA terpolymer were prepared, and their dry etch resistance were measured. The excellent dry etch resistance found in these materials were attributed to the contribution of some induced chemical reactions. To further understand their roles in the improvement of dry etch resistance, the reactions especially the thermally induced cyclization reaction were investigated in detail. It was found that thermally induced cyclization of the nitrile groups in carboxyl acid-contained copolymers closely depended on the content of the acidic component. Protection of the acid moiety through esterfication thus suppressed the occurrence of the reaction. Conversely, cleavage of the protection groups led to the resumption of the reaction. Attempt was made to correlate the increase of fry etch resistance upon thermal treatment with theformation of cyclized structures.
Doubly spread DS-CDMA for efficient interference cancellation (2003)

In this paper, a new spreading scheme, which consists of two stages of spreading, is considered for DS-CDMA systems. The data of a user is spread first with a long signature sequence and then with a short signature sequence. The scheme combines the advantages of the two types of spreading techniques and allows us to suppress multiple access interference (MAI) by performing both beamforming and multiuser detection efficiently. A joint receiver with blind multiuser detection and blind beamforming is proposed for the new spreading scheme. Simulations show that the joint receiver performs better than either beamforming or multiuser detection alone. To speed up convergence, an iterative version of the joint receiver is also considered.
Breakdown voltage of field plate and field-limiting ring techniques: numerical comparison (1992)

Using the recently developed two-dimensional simulator STAAB, the breakdown voltage of the field plate and field-limiting ring junction termination techniques is numerically compared for various values of junction depth, lateral width, and oxide fixed charge. The computed results demonstrate the superiority of the field plate technique over the field-limiting ring technique for planar shallow-junction high-voltage devices, both discrete and integrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Recent advances in interpenetrating polymer networks (1982)

Abstract We review the synthesis, morphology, and physical and mechanical properties of IFNs as well as the related pseudo‐IPNs, in which only one of the polymers is crossliriked. Recent studies have shown that the degree of phase separation achieved in these materials is strongly dependent on the compatibility of blends of the linear polymer constituents of the IPN components as well as the kinetics of chain extension and the presence of grafting between component polymers. We illustrate this by a series of IPNs consisting of a polyurethane and an acrylic copolymer. The acrylic is a typical automotive enamel. An enhancement in properties results, which is dependent on the amount of grafting and the kinetics of polymerization. Also discussed are IPNs of a polyurethane and an epoxy, which exhibit a synergism in adhesive properties, and IPNs of a RIM polyurethane with several epoxies and unsaturated polyesters. In addition, also reported are the preliminary studies on the first successful preparation of a three‐component IPN, consisting of a polyurethane, an epoxy, and an acrylic.
Part II: A Profile of SoundTracker (2001)

This article is based on a chapter from the author's book Linux Music & Sound, published by No Starch Press in October 2000.
Hardware-Related Complications after Placement of Thalamic Deep Brain Stimulator Systems (2002)

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has become a common therapeutic approach to patients with movement disorders. We evaluated results from two centers in a large metropolitan area where DBS systems are implanted into the thalamus for patients with tremor. Although all implanted systems led to an improvement in tremor, morbidity related to the hardware system occurred. A total of 23 hardware problems were noted in 66 patients undergoing implantation of 66 DBS systems (27% of patients). The most common problem included breakage of the electrode lead in its extracranial location, system infection, battery or connector problems, lead migration, and hemorrhage. Management was tailored to the specific hardware-related problem. Modifications in both surgical technique and hardware design should reduce the incidence of complications. Surgeons who place DBS systems should be aware of the spectrum of problems that can be associated with the device and its placement.
Victims of Abduction: Patterns and Case Studies (2006)

In 2005, NSW Police recorded 393 abduction/kidnapping incidents. Due to the intense public attention given to the most notorious abductions, the public could be forgiven for assuming that most abductions are of the most serious type. This study reviews the cases of 238 abduction victims recorded between January and June 2004 in order to characterise the nature of these offences. Only 57 per cent of these victims were actually abducted; 32 per cent of victims experienced an attempted abduction, the experience of four per cent of victims did not concur with the legal definition of abduction and for seven per cent of victims, either no abduction took place or a false report was given to police. The diverse circumstances behind the actual abductions are described and attention given to victim age and gender, victim-offender relationship, physical and sexual violence and the motive for the abductions. While strangers were the most likely perpetrators, they made up less than half (43%) of all offenders. The three dominant motives for actual abductions were sexual desire (35%), robbery (29%) and retribution (24%).
Evolution of schizophrenia drugs: a focus on dopaminergic systems. (2008)

Many of the drugs currently marketed for the treatment of schizophrenia are dopamine D2 receptor antagonists or partial agonists with or without mixed receptor pharmacology, and primarily treat the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. These drugs, depending on their pharmacological profile, have been categorized as typical (with low or no serotonergic component) and atypical (with a high serotonergic, 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A component) antipsychotics. Atypical antipsychotics have increased tolerability compared with typical antipsychotics, particularly against extrapyramidal side effects which are caused by D2 receptor antagonism, and an increased efficacy for the treatment of the negative symptoms associated with schizophrenia. However, over the course of treatment, adverse effects such as weight gain, metabolic disorders, QT prolongation and sexual dysfunction have been observed, and thus current research efforts are being directed to the identification of new antipsychotics that have better tolerability and efficacy against the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
Defining Well-Known Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) (2010)

This memo defines a path prefix for well-known locations, /.well-
known/, in selected Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) schemes.
Characteristics of high quality tantalum oxide films deposited by photoinduced chemical vapor deposition (1998)

A method is presented for the photodeposition of tantalum oxide films from tantalum ethoxide and nitrous oxide using 172 nm radiation. The composition of the tantalum oxides deposited by this technique was determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy while the optical and electrical properties were characterized using ellipsometry, capacitance–voltage, and current–voltage techniques. A leakage current density as low as 3.2×10−7 A cm−2 at a voltage of 10 V is obtained for the as-grown films. This is several orders of magnitude better than for any other Ta2O5 films deposited using either conventional or plasma-chemical vapor deposition techniques.
SNAP-23 in rat kidney: colocalization with aquaporin-2 in collecting duct vesicles (1998)

Vesicle targeting proteins ("SNAREs") have been proposed to direct vasopressin-induced trafficking of aquaporin-2 water channels in kidney collecting ducts. A newly identified SNARE protein, SNAP-23, is proposed to mediate vesicle targeting to the plasma membrane in diverse tissues. The current studies were done to determine whether SNAP-23 is expressed in collecting ducts with an intracellular distribution compatible with a role in aquaporin-2 trafficking. RT-PCR demonstrated SNAP-23 mRNA in microdissected collecting ducts and other tubular segments including the proximal tubule and thick ascending limb. Immunoblotting using a polyclonal antibody raised against a COOH-terminal peptide revealed a solitary band at an apparent molecular mass of 30 kDa in renal medullary membrane fractions and inner medullary collecting duct suspensions. Differential centrifugation revealed that SNAP-23 is present in membrane fractions including the low-density fraction enriched in intracellular vesicles. Immunocytochemistry revealed SNAP-23 labeling at both the apex and the cytoplasm of collecting duct principal cells. Immunoblotting of intracellular vesicles immunoisolated using an aquaporin-2 antibody revealed the presence of both SNAP-23 and synaptobrevin-2 (VAMP-2) in aquaporin-2-bearing vesicles. We conclude that SNAP-23 is strongly expressed in collecting duct principal cells, consistent with a role in vasopressin-regulated trafficking of aquaporin-2. However, localization of SNAP-23 in both intracytoplasmic vesicles and plasma membranes suggests a function different from that originally proposed for SNAP-25 in synaptic vesicle targeting.
Use of revertant cell lines to identify targets of v-fos transformation-specific alterations in gene expression. (1990)

Two proteins expressed in Rat-1 cells which are targets for v-fos transformation-specific alterations in gene expression were identified as alpha 1(I) and alpha 2(I) procollagen. While procollagen (I) proteins were synthesized in Rat-1 fibroblasts, their synthesis was dramatically reduced in Rat-1 cells transformed with the FBJ-v-fos oncogene. Revertant cell lines, which were previously shown to express a functional fos oncoprotein, resumed the synthesis of procollagen (I) at levels comparable to those seen in Rat-1 cells. Further results indicated that these procollagen proteins were also synthesized in Rat-1 cell lines that constitutively express high levels of a transfected c-fos protooncogene. Together, these observations suggested that constitutive fos protein expression was not sufficient to inhibit synthesis of these proteins. We have further demonstrated that Rat-1 cells transformed by most other oncogenes express abundant levels of procollagen (I), indicating that inhibition of procollagen (I) synthesis is not a general characteristic of transformed Rat-1 cells but is specifically associated with FBJ-v-fos-induced transformation. Northern blot analysis and runoff transcription assay data indicated that the alpha 1(I) procollagen, but not alpha 2(I) procollagen, is differentially regulated at the transcriptional level in Rat-1 fibroblasts, v-fos transformants, and revertants.
Cochannel interference rejection for AMPS signals using spectral correlation properties and an adaptive array (2002)

Cochannel interference is a major problem that limits the cell capacity in AMPS systems. Adaptive beamforming can significantly reduce co-channel interference by forming a beam in the direction of the signal-of-interest (SOI). This paper shows how the supervisory audio tone (SAT) feature can be exploited by the adaptive array to distinguish the SOI from the interferers. The presence of the SAT produces a cyclostationary feature in the AMPS signals. Using this feature, a SCORE-like beamformer (spectral correlation discriminator array-SCDA) provides 15 dB improvement in the demodulated voice SNR for low SIR received signals. The performance of SCDA is compared with a least-squares CMA (LSCMA) beamformer.
Roles of ON Cone Bipolar Cell Subtypes in Temporal Coding in the Mouse Retina (2014)

In the visual system, diverse image processing starts with bipolar cells, which are the second-order neurons of the retina. Thirteen subtypes of bipolar cells have been identified, which are thought to encode different features of image signaling and to initiate distinct signal-processing streams. Although morphologically identified, the functional roles of each bipolar cell subtype in visual signal encoding are not fully understood. Here, we investigated how ON cone bipolar cells of the mouse retina encode diverse temporal image signaling. We recorded bipolar cell voltage changes in response to two different input functions: sinusoidal light and step light stimuli. Temporal tuning in ON cone bipolar cells was diverse and occurred in a subtype-dependent manner. Subtypes 5s and 8 exhibited low-pass filtering property in response to a sinusoidal light stimulus, and responded with sustained fashion to step-light stimulation. Conversely, subtypes 5f, 6, 7, and XBC exhibited bandpass filtering property in response to sinusoidal light stimuli, and responded transiently to step-light stimuli. In particular, subtypes 7 and XBC were high-temporal tuning cells. We recorded responses in different ways to further examine the underlying mechanisms of temporal tuning. Current injection evoked low-pass filtering, whereas light responses in voltage-clamp mode produced bandpass filtering in all ON bipolar cells. These findings suggest that cone photoreceptor inputs shape bandpass filtering in bipolar cells, whereas intrinsic properties of bipolar cells shape low-pass filtering. Together, our results demonstrate that ON bipolar cells encode diverse temporal image signaling in a subtype-dependent manner to initiate temporal visual information-processing pathways.