gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional Analysis of Butanol Stress and Tolerance in <i>Clostridium acetobutylicum</i> (2004)

The effects of challenges with low (0.25%, vol/vol) and high (0.75%) concentrations of butanol on the growth, glucose metabolism, product formation, and transcriptional program of the solvent-tolerant Clostridium acetobutylicum strain 824(pGROE1) and the plasmid control strain 824(pSOS95del) were used to study solvent tolerance and stress response. Strain 824(pGROE1) was generated by groESL overexpression. The growth of 824(pGROE1) was less inhibited than that of 824(pSOS95del), and 824(pGROE1) was able to metabolize glucose over the entire course of the culture (60 h postchallenge) while glucose metabolism in 824(pSOS95del) lasted 24 h. A comparison of their respective DNA array-based transcriptional profiles identified genes with similar expression patterns (these genes are likely to be part of a general butanol stress response) and genes with opposite expression patterns (these genes are likely to be associated with increased tolerance to butanol). Both strains exhibited a butanol dose-dependent increase in expression of all major stress protein genes, including groES, dnaKJ, hsp18, and hsp90; all major solvent formation genes, including aad, ctfA and -B, adc, and bdhA and -B (an unexpected and counterintuitive finding); the butyrate formation genes (ptb and buk); the butyryl coenzyme A biosynthesis operon genes; fructose bisphosphate aldolase; and a gene with homology to Bacillus subtilis kinA. A dose-dependent decrease in expression was observed for the genes of the major fatty acid synthesis operon (also an unexpected and counterintuitive finding), several glycolytic genes, and a few sporulation genes. Genes with opposite expression kinetics included rlpA, artP, and a gene encoding a hemin permease. Taken together, these data suggest that stress, even when it derives from the solvent product itself, triggers the induction of the solvent formation genes.
The perfect thing: how the iPod shuffles commerce, culture, and coolness (2007)

On October 23, 2001, Apple Computer, a company known for its chic, cutting-edge technology -- if not necessarily for its dominant market share -- launched a product with an enticing promise: You can carry an entire music collection in your pocket. It was called iPod. What happened next exceeded company's wildest dreams. Over 50 million people have inserted device's distinctive white buds into their ears, and iPod has become a global obsession. Perfect Thing is definitive account, from design and marketing to startling impact, of Apple's iPod, signature device of our young century.Besides being one of most successful consumer products in decades, iPod has changed our behavior and even our society. It has transformed Apple from a computer company into a consumer electronics giant. It has remolded music business, altering not only means of distribution but even ways in which people enjoy and think about music. Its ubiquity and its universally acknowledged coolness have made it a symbol for digital age itself, with commentators remarking on the iPod generation. Now iPod is beginning to transform broadcast industry, too, as podcasting becomes a way to access radio and television programming. Meanwhile millions of Podheads obsess about their gizmo, reveling in personal soundtrack it offers them, basking in social cachet it lends them, even wondering whether device itself has its own musical preferences.Steven Levy, chief technology correspondent for Newsweek magazine and a longtime Apple watcher, is ideal writer to tell iPod's tale. He has had access to all key players in iPod story, including Steve Jobs, Apple's charismatic cofounder and CEO, whom Levy has known for over twenty years. Detailing for first time complete story of creation of iPod, Levy explains why Apple succeeded brilliantly with its version of MP3 player when other companies didn't get it right, and how Jobs was able to convince bosses at big record labels to license their music for Apple's groundbreaking iTunes Store. (We even learn why iPod is white.) Besides his inside view of Apple, Levy draws on his experiences covering Napster and attending Supreme Court arguments on copyright (as well as his own travels on iPod's click wheel) to address all of fascinating issues -- technical, legal, social, and musical -- that iPod raises.Borrowing one of definitive qualities of iPod itself, Perfect Thing shuffles book format. Each chapter of this book was written to stand on its own, a deeply researched, wittily observed take on a different aspect of iPod. The sequence of chapters in book has been shuffled in different copies, with only opening and concluding sections excepted. Shuffle is a hallmark of digital age -- and Perfect Thing, via sharp, insightful reporting, is perfect guide to deceptively diminutive gadget embodying our era.
Experimental observation of subwavelength localization using metamaterial-based cavities (2008)

We report subwavelength localization of electromagnetic fields within cavities based on metamaterials. Cavity resonances are observed in the transmission spectrum of a split-ring resonator and composite metamaterials cavity structures. These cavity resonances are shown to exhibit high-quality factors. Since the unit cells of metamaterials are much smaller than the operation wavelength, subwavelength localization is possible within these metamaterial cavity structures. In the present Letter, we show that the electromagnetic field is localized into a region of lambda/8, where lambda is the cavity resonance wavelength.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Novel Series of “Ortho-Nitrated” Inhibitors of Catechol-<i>O</i>-methyltransferase (2005)

Novel regioisomeric "ortho-nitrated" catechols related to the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors BIA 3-202 3 and BIA 3-335 4 were synthesized and biologically evaluated. Changing the position of the nitro group from the "classical" meta- to the ortho-position relative to the side-chain substituent of the nitrocatechol pharmacophore exerted profound effects on selectivity and duration of COMT inhibition. Alkylaryl compounds 7a-d possessed shorter duration of action than their regioisomers, but 7b displayed reversed selectivity over 3 at 3 and 6 h, exhibiting preferential central inhibition. In the amino-substituted series, ortho-nitrated regioisomer 14k was less peripherally selective than 4 and short-acting, whereas decahydroquinoline 14g displayed an unprecedented combination of long-acting and selective peripheral inhibition. 7b could provide a useful tool to probe the pharmacological utility of short-acting, centrally selective COMT inhibitors in the treatment of depression in Parkinsonian patients, and 14g represents a promising candidate for clinical evaluation as an adjunct to L-Dopa therapy.
Learning Based Frequency- and Time-Domain Inter-Cell Interference Coordination in HetNets (2014)

In this paper, we focus on inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) techniques in heterogeneous network (HetNet) deployments, whereby macro- and picocells autonomously optimize their downlink transmissions with loose coordination. We model this strategic coexistence as a multi-agent system, aiming at joint interference management and cell association. Using tools from Reinforcement Learning (RL), agents (i.e., macro- and picocells) sense their environment and self-adapt based on local information to maximize their network performance. Specifically, we explore both time- and frequency domain ICIC scenarios and propose a two-level RL formulation. Here, picocells learn their optimal cell range expansion (CRE) bias and transmit power allocation, as well as appropriate frequency bands for multi-flow transmissions, in which a user equipment (UE) can be simultaneously served by two or more base stations (BSs) from macro- and pico-layers. To substantiate our theoretical findings, Long-Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) based system-level simulations are carried out in which our proposed approaches are compared with a number of baseline approaches, such as resource partitioning (RP), static CRE, and single-flow Carrier Aggregation (CA). Our proposed solutions yield substantial gains up to 125% compared to static ICIC approaches in terms of average UE throughput in the time domain. In the frequency domain, our proposed solutions yield gains up to 240% in terms of cell-edge UE throughput.
Cost implications for Victorian hospitals in the treatment of AIDS patients. (1987)

The number of acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients in Victoria is increasing rapidly and in the past six months the number of new patients has doubled. It can be reasonably anticipated that the number of patients with Category A and B AIDS requiring treatment will double every nine months for at least the next two years. Despite the general concern over the financial burden that the AIDS epidemic imposes on its victims, on society in general, and in particular on health-care services where patients with the disease have been concentrated, data on the medical costs of such treatment are surprisingly scarce and limited. The purpose of this paper is to point to the fact that a major problem is arising in the Victorian health system and to confirm, based on studies to-date which relate to patients treated at Fairfield Hospital, that the costs are high.
Digital Sensor Simulation at the Defense Mapping Agency Aerospace Center, (1979)

The primary objective of the digital sensor simulation investigations being conducted at the Defense Mapping Agency Aerospace Center (DMAAC) is to establish an editing and analysis capability for digital culture and terrain data bases. These data bases are being produced by DMAAC to support advanced aircraft simulators by providing an improved low level radar training capability offered by digitally generated radar landmass images. As a result of the technology developed for aircraft simulator support, sensor guidance references scenes, visual, and microwave scenes are also being digitally generated. Currently, intensive studies are underway to generate synthetic input data bases with apparent resolutions finer than in the original data bases, using supportive data base information. Highly realistic sensor simulations have been generated, and the continuing emphasis is on modeling new sensors as well as improving resolution without increasing data base production costs. (Author)
Air Pollution—Critical Choices (1970)

What do you want, good air or good comfort? Parodying a familiar slogan describes the current dilemma of citizens in New York city. Added to their 1970 summer doldrums, stagnant air loaded with sulfur oxides and particulate pollution caused New Yorkers public annoyance, insults to their sense perceptions, and respiratory difficulties. Officially reported to be the worst in the country, New York's air has three times as much sulfur dioxide as the federal government considers safe for human life. New York city also experienced this summer its worst power shortage since the 1965 Northeast blackout. Two massive generators broke down, reducing power capacity by 17%. Emergency plans to conserve electricity called for the subway system to use a third fewer trains and to run them at half speed. Opposition from a number of sources has delayed for years a plan of the utility company to build a pumped-storage hydroelectric plant
A novel c.5308_5311delGAGA mutation in Senataxin in a Cypriot family with an autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia (2008)

We identified a novel SETX homozygous c.5308_5311delGAGA mutation that co-segregates with ARCA with cerebellar atrophy and raised AFP.
Synthesis and characterisation of three diiron tetracarbonyl complexes related to the diiron centre of [FeFe]-hydrogenase and their protonating, electrochemical investigations (2009)

The synthesis, characterisation of three diiron tetracarbonyl complexes, [Fe2(SCH2)2C(Me)(CH2OR)(PNP)(CO)4] (R = H and PNP = L11: 2; R = H and PNP = L22: 3; R = Ts and PNP = L11: 4) as models for the diiron sub-unit of [FeFe]-hydrogenase are described, where OTs, L11 and L22 are toluenesulfonate, (Ph2P)2NCH2(2-C5H4N) and (Ph2P)2NCH2Ph, respectively. These complexes are fully characterised and the structure of complex 4 is crystallographically determined. Protonation of these complexes with HBF4·Et2O is probed by using infrared and NMR spectroscopies which reveals that no hydride can be formed upon addition of the acid. Instead addition of excess of the acid leads to protonating the N atom of the PNP skeleton, which is a weak base due to participating conjugating interactions with the Fe–Fe centre, as revealed by crystallographic analysis. Electrochemistry of these complexes and their electrocatalytic reduction of protons are also investigated. Our results suggest that the existence of the pendant pyridine group can lower the overpotential for proton reduction but does not seem to enhance electrocatalytic efficiency in our case.
Reactive sticking of As4 during molecular beam homoepitaxy of GaAs, AlAs, and InAs (1992)

We have measured transient and steady-state reflected As4 and desorbing As2 fluxes during molecular beam homoepitaxy on the (001) surfaces of GaAs, AlAs, and InAs. In the absence of growth, the reflected As4 flux decreases, and the desorbing As2 flux increases, with increasing temperature. In the presence of growth, both fluxes decrease linearly, and then saturate, with increasing group III flux. The saturated reflected As4 flux depends on temperature, and ranges from approximately 1/2 at temperatures commonly associated with high-quality epitaxy, to zero at lower temperatures; the saturated desorbing As2 flux is zero, independent of temperature. The reflected As4 (but not the desorbing As2 ) flux also depends on surface reconstruction, resulting in unexpected transients as surfaces sequence through various reconstructions upon initiation of growth.
Introduction (1979)

The chief aim of this book is to examine the relationship between the technical intelligentsia and the Soviet state in the late 1920s and the early 1930s. It is offered as a contribution to an analysis of the U SSR in a period of major social upheavals which brought certain critical shifts in the character of the Soviet state. The object is to try to throw light on some elements in that process through an investigation of its impact on the technical intelligentsia. The account rests upon, and at the same time attempts to explore, a number of general assumptions about the role of the Soviet state in this period. The first part of Chapter 1 sets out briefly what those assumptions are. The second part outlines the particular issues to be investigated and the way they relate to the general questions underlying the study.
Purification and partial characterization of hepatitis e antigen (HBeAg) (1978)

Purification of hepatitis e antigen (HBeAg) from 200 ml of chimpanzee plasma was accomplished by a combination of ion-exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-cellulose followed by gel filtration. High-resolution sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of purified HBeAg demonstrated two major polypeptides with estimated molecular weights of 22,000 and 55,000. HBeAg labeled with 125I showed a high affinity for protein A-conjugated Sepharose CL-4B. The precipitation reaction between HBeAg and anti-HBe was inhibited by preincubating the purified antigen with rabbit anti-human immunoglobulin G (IgG). These data show that HBeAg is associated with a serum fraction with the biophysical and antigenic properties of an immunoblobulin of the IgG class. Sedimentation coefficient analysis of purified HbeAg resulted in an S20w value of 11.6 and a molecular weight value of 324,000. These findings, supported by gel filitration and polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis, revealed that HBeAg has properties analogous to those of a dimer of IgG.
Cyclooxygenase-2 promotes tumor growth and suppresses tumor immunity (2015)

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an inducible form of the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the synthesis of prostanoids, is associated with inflammatory diseases and carcinogenesis, which is suspected to promote angiogenesis and tissue invasion of tumors and resistance to apoptosis. Meanwhile, COX-2 contributes to immune evasion and resistance to cancer immunotherapy, which plays a crucial role in the innate and adaptive immune response. The activity of COX-2-PGE2-EP signal pathway can suppress Dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK), T cells, type-1 immunity excluding type-2 immunity which promote tumor immune evasion. COX-2 and the prostaglandin cascade play important roles in the "inflammogenesis of cancer". In addition, COX-inhibitors can inhibit tumor immune evasion. Therefore, we can exert the COX-inhibitors to facilitate the patients to benefit from addition of COX-inhibitors to standard cytotoxic therapy.
The Governors' Push for Emergency Energy Powers (1980)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Diversionary Comments under Blog Posts (2015)

There has been a recent swell of interest in the analysis of blog comments. However, much of the work focuses on detecting comment spam in the blogsphere. An important issue that has been neglected so far is the identification of diversionary comments. Diversionary comments are defined as comments that divert the topic from the original post. A possible purpose is to distract readers from the original topic and draw attention to a new topic. We categorize diversionary comments into five types based on our observations and propose an effective framework to identify and flag them. To the best of our knowledge, the problem of detecting diversionary comments has not been studied so far. We solve the problem in two different ways: (i) rank all comments in descending order of being diversionary and (ii) consider it as a classification problem. Our evaluation on 4,179 comments under 40 different blog posts from Digg and Reddit shows that the proposed method achieves the high mean average precision of 91.9% when the problem is considered as a ranking problem and 84.9% of F-measure as a classification problem. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the effectiveness of the method is stable under different parameter settings.
Robust space-time codes for broadband OFDM systems (2003)

A bit-interleaved space-time coded OFDM system is considered in this paper for frequency-selective fading channels. As OFDM divides a frequency-selective fading channel into a set of parallel flat fading channels, space-time block codes for flat fading are transmitted from each subcarrier by multiple transmit antennas to guarantee space diversity, and code bits are bit-wise interleaved across the subcarriers before being grouped and mapped to space-time block code to obtain frequency diversity. Performance bounds and simulation results show that the bit-interleaved space-time coded OFDM system can effectively exploit both space and frequency diversity to improve performance.
An Oral Selective Alpha-1A Adrenergic Receptor Agonist Prevents Doxorubicin Cardiotoxicity (2017)

α1A-ARs play adaptive and protective roles in the heart. Dabuzalgron is an oral selective α1A-AR agonist that was well tolerated in multiple clinical trials of treatment for urinary incontinence, but has never been used to treat heart disease in humans or animal models. In this study, we administered dabuzalgron to mice treated with DOX, a widely used chemotherapeutic agent with dose-limiting cardiotoxicity that can lead to HF. Dabuzalgron protected against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, likely by preserving mitochondrial function. These results suggest that activating cardiac α1A-ARs with dabuzalgron, a well-tolerated oral agent, might represent a novel approach to treating HF.
Qualitative evaluation and optimization of forest road network to minimize total costs and environmental impacts (2012)

An efficient and low-cost transportation network is necessary for sustainable management. Roading and log skidding are the most expensive and destructive operations in forest environment, unless carefully planned and evaluated. A transportation network has to be assessed and optimized to minimize the total cost of road construction and its environmental impact. The aim of this study was determining the optimum forest road network density, and evaluating the quantity and quality of the existing forest road network. In order to determine the optimum forest road network density, skidding cost, road construction and maintenance costs, and harvesting volume in each compartment were considered. Then optimum skidding distance was calculated with regard to optimum road density and total correction factors. The relative openness and efficiency coefficient of the existing forest road network were determined for the calculated optimum skidding distance, using ArcGIS. The results showed that the optimum road density, relative openness and road network efficiency coefficient were 21.5 m ha-1, 90% and 32%, respectively. As a result, when the quality of a forest road network has to be evaluated, road network efficiency coefficient is more efficient than relative openness, that per se cannot be considered as an appropriate indicator.
Distinction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma From Benign Hepatic Mimickers Using Glypican-3 and CD34 Immunohistochemistry (2008)

Distinguishing a well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from normal and cirrhotic liver tissue or benign liver nodules, such as hepatic adenoma (HA) and focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), may be very difficult in some cases, particularly in small needle core biopsies. We studied the expression of Glypican-3 (GPC3) and CD34 in 107 cases of HCC, 19 cases of HA, and 16 cases of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH). In addition, we studied GPC3 expression in 225 cases of nonhepatic human tumors with epithelial differentiation. Ninety-four of 107 cases (88%) of HCC showed focal or diffuse cytoplasmic GPC3 staining, whereas all HA and FNH cases were GPC3-negative, and only 7 of 225 cases (3%) of nonhepatic tumors with epithelial differentiation expressed GPC3. The sensitivity and specificity of GPC3 for HCC was 88% and 97%, respectively. There were three CD34 staining patterns observed in hepatic tissue: negative, incomplete positive, and complete positive. In negative staining pattern, only blood vessels in portal triads or rare sinusoidal spaces immediately adjacent to portal tracts were positive. The negative staining pattern was seen in normal or cirrhotic liver tissue only. The complete CD34 staining pattern showed virtually all sinusoidal spaces with CD34-positive staining throughout the lesion. The complete CD34 staining pattern was seen in virtually all cases of HCC and in only some cases of HA and FNH. The incomplete CD34 staining pattern was characterized by either CD34 positivity in virtually all sinusoidal spaces in some but not all nodules or CD34 positivity in the peripheral sinusoidal spaces adjacent to portal triads. The incomplete CD34 staining pattern was seen in rare cases of HCC and in most cases of HA and FNH. We conclude that GPC3 is a very specific marker not only for differentiating HCC from nonhepatic tumors with epithelial differentiation, but also for differentiating HCC from HA and FNH. GPC3 immunoreactivity, in combination with a complete CD34 immunostaining pattern, greatly facilitates the accuracy of distinguishing between malignant hepatic lesions and benign mimickers.