gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular-Genetic Imaging Based on Reporter Gene Expression (2008)

Molecular imaging includes proteomic, metabolic, cellular biologic process, and genetic imaging. In a narrow sense, molecular imaging means genetic imaging and can be called molecular-genetic imaging. Imaging reporter genes play a leading role in molecular-genetic imaging. There are 3 major methods of molecular-genetic imaging, based on optical, MRI, and nuclear medicine modalities. For each of these modalities, various reporter genes and probes have been developed, and these have resulted in successful transitions from bench to bedside applications. Each of these imaging modalities has its unique advantages and disadvantages. Fluorescent and bioluminescent optical imaging modalities are simple, less expensive, more convenient, and more user friendly than other imaging modalities. Another advantage, especially of bioluminescence imaging, is its ability to detect low levels of gene expression. MRI has the advantage of high spatial resolution, whereas nuclear medicine methods are highly sensitive and allow data from small-animal imaging studies to be translated to clinical practice. Moreover, multimodality imaging reporter genes will allow us to choose the imaging technologies that are most appropriate for the biologic problem at hand and facilitate the clinical application of reporter gene technologies. Reporter genes can be used to visualize the levels of expression of particular exogenous and endogenous genes and several intracellular biologic phenomena, including specific signal transduction pathways, nuclear receptor activities, and protein-protein interactions. This technique provides a straightforward means of monitoring tumor mass and can visualize the in vivo distributions of target cells, such as immune cells and stem cells. Molecular imaging has gradually evolved into an important tool for drug discovery and development, and transgenic mice with an imaging reporter gene can be useful during drug and stem cell therapy development. Moreover, instrumentation improvements, the identification of novel targets and genes, and imaging probe developments suggest that molecular-genetic imaging is likely to play an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and therapy of cancer.
Modeling Dynamic Casualty Mortality Curves in the Tactical Medical Logistics (TML+) Planning Tool (2004)

Abstract : Medical simulation models, such as the Naval Health Research Center's (NHRC) Tactical Medical Logistics (TML+) planning tool, stochastically represent the mortality of casualties with life-threatening injuries at various points in the Medical Treatment Facility (MTF) network flow. NHRC is seeking to determine a mathematical (probabilistic) representation of a conditional survival function that is reasonable in the context of other stochastic models being used in TML+. The paper describes NHRC's research approach to determine an acceptable TML+ model for the mortality function, describes Subject Matter Expert (SME) opinion results being used as the basis for an interim descriptive model using a biomedical sciences probability model (Weibull), and gives the future plans to capture more quantitative mortality and treatment data from the Navy-Marine Corps Combat Trauma Registry and other sources to use in investigating the applicability of a full range of biomedical sciences probability models via inferential methods.
A realistic soil cloth and test procedure for detergent evaluation (1967)

Abstract The preparation of a uniformly soiled cloth for detergency studies is described. The soil, chosen for its realistic nature, consists of a colored clay as the particulate portion and triolein as the fatty or oily portion. The particulate portion of the soil is applied by tumbling the fabric in a horizontal axis washing machine containing a suspension of clay. The fatty portion is then applied by allowing the fabric to adsorb a known quantity of solvent‐dissolved triolein with subsequent evaporation of the solvent. An evaluation test procedure for measuring the relative efficiencies of proprietary detergents is also described. Using this procedure, soil removal, soil redeposition and optical brightener effectiveness of a detergent are determined simultaneously. Detergents can thus be given a numerical rating according to their over‐all performance. This rating is calculated from the equation: Overall Performance=Soil Removal‐Soil Redeposition + Optical Brightener. Typical detergent evaluation data obtained with this soil cloth and test procedure are given, along with a statistical treatment of the data.
The Global Anchor Method for Quantifying Linguistic Shifts and Domain Adaptation (2018)

Language is dynamic, constantly evolving and adapting with respect to time, domain or topic. The adaptability of language is an active research area, where researchers discover social, cultural and domain-specific changes in language using distributional tools such as word embeddings. In this paper, we introduce the global anchor method for detecting corpus-level language shifts. We show both theoretically and empirically that the global anchor method is equivalent to the alignment method, a widely-used method for comparing word embeddings, in terms of detecting corpus-level language shifts. Despite their equivalence in terms of detection abilities, we demonstrate that the global anchor method is superior in terms of applicability as it can compare embeddings of different dimensionalities. Furthermore, the global anchor method has implementation and parallelization advantages. We show that the global anchor method reveals fine structures in the evolution of language and domain adaptation. When combined with the graph Laplacian technique, the global anchor method recovers the evolution trajectory and domain clustering of disparate text corpora.
Influence of NK cell count on the survival of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with R-CHOP (2014)

Low NK cell counts at diagnosis are associated with poor clinical outcomes in DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP therapy. However, the impact is significant only in non-GC subtype DLBCL, not in the GC subtype.
A novel comparison approach for tropical cyclone satellite images using angle features (2016)

Conventionally, the identification of Tropical Cyclones (TCs) has been highly dependent on subjective human judgment applied to vast amounts of data extracted from satellite images. The most popular approach to comparing two given TCs is to measure the distance between various contour points of the TC extracted from a satellite image. However, this measure has a very high computational cost as it involves point-to-point calculations. In this paper we present a novel approach to TC comparison that is based on a TC’s typical spiral shapes. Given two sets of contour points, one for each tropical cyclone, we adjust the similarity of two shapes using angle features found among the successive contour edge points. The adoption of a time warping approach results in a fast and accurate comparison. Implementation and evaluation makes use of a two-layer prototype. Experimental results show that our approach performs better than conventional methods such as the Hausdorff distance measure.
Delivery of adaptive bit rate video: balancing fairness, efficiency and quality (2015)

HTTP streaming currently dominates Internet traffic. It is increasingly common that video players employ adaptive bitrate (ABR) streaming strategies to maximise the user experience by selecting the highest video representation while targeting stall-free playback. Our interest lies in the common situation where a set of video flows are competing for access to a shared bottleneck link, such as in a cellular radio access network. We observe that ISPs (e.g. cellular operators) are considering innetwork techniques for resource allocation and sharing among different users. Buoyed by the ability of software defined networks (SDN) to offer flow-specific control and traffic shaping, we focus on traffic shaping techniques, and experimentally analyse the effect on ABR video flows when sharing a bottleneck link. We conduct experiments using the GPAC video player operating over a Mininet virtual network. We conclude that traffic shaping can allow a balance of fairness, efficiency and quality. Traffic shaping ABR videos reduce the number of stalls and quality switches, while also reducing the peaks for the aggregate network traffic.
Very Low Frequency Integrating Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VLFVSM) with High Differential Sensitivity in High dc Fields (1968)

A vibrating sample magnetometer is described which is specifically adapted for magnetic moment measurements in high dc fields. The sample is moved at very low frequencies between series opposing detection coils, the induced voltage is integrated, and each cycle is recorded so that the output can be further time-averaged. Two novel aspects make this instrument particularly useful for high field measurements. First, the sample is moved beyond the center of the detection coils so that positioning errors, forces, and other incidental effects are eliminated. Second, a precise reference balance voltage is synchronously applied to the output signal to permit high-resolution differential measurements of magnetic moment. In addition to a detailed description of the basic VLFVSM, a general discussion of flux integration techniques is presented. Operation of the VLFVSM with field modulation superimposed, variable temperature, variable pressure, additional electronic filtering, and under swept-field conditions is discussed. Mechanical and electronic details and typical operating characteristics are included. The entire magnetometer has moderately high sensitivity, is extremely rugged, versatile, and eliminates sources of error present in many sample extraction techniques. All components, excluding the mechanical systems associated with the sample, are available commercially. This magnetometer has been applied to practically all types of high field magnetic moment measurements including differential susceptibility measurements in metals, alloys and insulators, superconductors, and highly anisotropic materials such as the rare earth metals.
Stability of viscoelastic dynamic contact lines: An experimental study (1997)

An experimental study of the rivulet instability associated with spin coating a circular drop of fluid is conducted to examine the effect of elasticity on the onset and evolution of the instability. The spin coating experiments are conducted with viscoelastic drops consisting of a high molecular weight polystyrene in tricresyl phosphate (TCP), as well as the Newtonian solvent TCP. Results show an unequivocal delay in the onset of the instability when the appropriate Weissenberg number is sufficiently large, resulting in a larger coated area and more finger arms relative to Newtonian results. Experiments performed with the viscoelastic fluid at low Weissenberg number exhibit similar behavior to those performed with the Newtonian solvent as expected. Additionally, the growth rate of the instability is reduced for experiments in which the elastic forces are important, in agreement with the perturbation theory of Spaid and Homsy [Phys. Fluids 8, 460 (1996)], demonstrating that elastic forces have a stabilizing influence on the contact line instability.
Performance of RF plasma flood gun for medium current implanter (2002)

We have developed a new PFG apparatus using a RF discharge. In this paper, we show the performance of the PFG under the typical implantation condition in medium ion implanter. The measured charging characteristics with CHARM2™ and MOS capacitor TEG surpass those of the conventional PFG with filament. Also the present PFG doesn't degrade other implantation qualities such as dose uniformity, dose shift and metal contamination. In addition, the absence of filament can reduce the maintenance time. The aimed running time is more than 2,000 hours.
Neural cell pattern formation on glass and oxidized silicon surfaces modified with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (1997)

Control over the adsorption of proteins and over the adsorption and spatial orientation of mammalian cells onto surfaces has been achieved by modification of glass and other silicon oxide substrates with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM). The functionalization of the substrates was achieved either by a polymer-analogous reaction of aminosilanes with reactive N-(isopropylacrylamide) (NIPAM)-copolymers and by copolymerization of NIPAM with surface-bound methacrylsilane. The obtained coatings were characterized by FT-1R, ellipsometry, and surface plasmon resonance measurements. The adsorption of two proteins-fibrinogen and ribonuclease A-on these surfaces was studied in situ by real time surface plasmon resonance measurements. The PNIPAM-grafted surfaces prepared by either chemical procedure inhibited the adsorption of both proteins. More importantly they prevented the adhesion of neuroblastomaXglioma hybrid cells cultured either in serum-free medium or in a medium containing serum proteins. Deep-UV irradiation was used to perform ablation processes and to create patterns permitting the examination of spatially controlled adhesion and growth of cells. This study showed that patterned ultrathin polymer films on glass are suitable substrates for controlling the interactions of cells with surfaces and are capable of directing the attachment and spreading of cells.
Pilot Study of <i>phoP/phoQ</i> -Deleted <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovar Typhimurium Expressing <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Urease in Adult Volunteers (2000)

Attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi has been studied as an oral vaccine vector. Despite success with attenuated S. enterica serovar Typhimurium vectors in animals, early clinical trials of S. enterica serovar Typhi expressing heterologous antigens have shown that few subjects have detectable immune responses to vectored antigens. A previous clinical study of phoP/phoQ-deleted S. enterica serovar Typhi expressing Helicobacter pylori urease from a multicopy plasmid showed that none of eight subjects had detectable immune responses to the vectored antigen. In an attempt to further define the variables important for engendering immune responses to vectored antigens in humans, six volunteers were inoculated with 5 x 10(7) to 8 x 10(7) CFU of phoP/phoQ-deleted S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing the same antigen. Two of the six volunteers had fever; none had diarrhea, bacteremia, or other serious side effects. The volunteers were more durably colonized than in previous studies of phoP/phoQ-deleted S. enterica serovar Typhi. Five of the six volunteers seroconverted to S. enterica serovar Typhimurium antigens and had strong evidence of anti-Salmonella mucosal immune responses by enzyme-linked immunospot studies. Three of six (three of five who seroconverted to Salmonella) had immune responses in the most sensitive assay of urease-specific immunoglobulin production by blood mononuclear cells in vitro. One of these had a fourfold or greater increase in end-point immunoglobulin titer in serum versus urease. Attenuated S. enterica serovar Typhimurium appears to be more effective than S. enterica serovar Typhi for engendering immune responses to urease. Data suggest that this may be related to a greater stability of antigen-expressing plasmid in S. enterica serovar Typhimurium and/or prolonged intestinal colonization. Specific factors unique to nontyphoidal salmonellae may also be important for stimulation of the gastrointestinal immune system.
Detection and kinetics of the single-crystal to single-crystal complete transformation of a thiiranium ion into thietanium ion (2009)

The conversion of a di-tert-butyl-methylthiiranium ion into thietanium ion, that is reported in the literature as taking place spontaneously at 25 degrees C in a CD(2)Cl(2) solution, has been discovered to occur quantitatively at room temperature (RT) also in the crystalline state. The ring enlargement reaction is accompanied, in the solid phase, by a modest deterioration of the quality of the sample under investigation, and all three specimens here studied by in situ crystallography maintained their single-crystal nature up to 100% conversion. The rearrangement reaction implies the breaking of a C-S bond and the formation of a new bond of the same type, together with the migration of a methyl group. The extent of the corresponding atomic displacements has been measured by comparing the initial and final crystal structures. Several intermediate stages of the process have been investigated and characterized by the site occupancy factor of the episulfonium ion. The RT temporal evolution of this factor and that of the unit-cell volume indicate multi-step kinetics, with processes of simple molecular reorientation or displacement before and after the main, central stage, where the conversion reaction takes place. The overall kinetics is well described by an Avrami-Erofeev equation, with exponent m = 1.75(3) and rate coefficient k = 10.4(3) x 10(-8) s(-1) at 25 degrees C. Ab initio calculations in the gas phase predict a three-step mechanism resulting in a slightly spontaneous reaction with an overall decrease of entropy.
Moving document collections online: The evolution of a shared repository (2005)

This paper reports on a work-oriented design project concerned with the question of how to migrate shared, workgroup document collections currently kept on paper online. Based in a civil engineering work group, the focus of our project is a document collection called the “project files”, a heterogeneous mix of documents that serve as an ongoing resource for the group during a project’s course as well as an archival record at its completion. We describe the dynamics of the standardized classification scheme in use for the project files, existing practices of document filing including routine troubles, and the prototype developed to move the project files online. The latter includes a configuration of hardware and software along with associated practices of document scanning, coding and search. We conclude with some reflections on the difficulties of maintaining alignment across paper and digital media in the migration to online document collections, and with a summary of the questions posed and answers provided by our project.
Elastomeric Valves, a New Design (1995)

The convex bileaflet valve replaces the flat biflap inflow valve designed by Long Sheng Yu and the tricusp semilunair outflow valve. One reason is easier manufacturing. Convex bileaflet valves are developed for the 11, 20, 40, 70 and 140cc ventricles. Testing included curves (Cardiac Output versus Venous Pressure, Cardiac Output versus Heart rate), flow visualization studies, paint and bloodbag studies. The curves and flow visualization were done by connecting ventricles to one of our standard mock circulations. Paint and bloodbag studies were done by connecting the hearts to a bloodbag, but the bag was filled with water for the paint studies. The curves show high cardiac output, even with pumping at high heart rates (150 BPM+). The flow visualization shows a good stream through the sinus Valsalvae. No stagnating flow is visible. The bloodbag studies which provoke thrombosis show it on the edges of the heart valves, and little in the groove between the valve and the sinus Valsalvae. Heparninzation prevents the thrombosis. Results of our tests were good. The convex bileaflet valve seems to have good future.
Current Status of Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer (2013)

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer-related death of men globally. Since its introduction, there has been intense debate as to the effectiveness of the prostate specific antigen (PSA) test as a screening tool for PCa. It is now evident that the PSA test produces unacceptably high rates of false positive results and is not prognostic. Here we review the current status of molecular biomarkers that promise to be prognostic and that might inform individual patient management. It highlights current efforts to identify biomarkers obtained by minimally invasive methods and discusses current knowledge with regard to gene fusions, mRNA and microRNAs, immunology, and cancer-associated microparticles.
21.5-to-33.4 GHz Voltage-Controlled Oscillator Using NMOS Switched Inductors in CMOS (2014)

To demonstrate the applicability of NMOS switched variable inductors in the millimeter wave frequencies, a 21.5 to 33.4 GHz wide tuning range LC voltage-controlled oscillator (LC-VCO) with frequency tunable output buffers that uses variable inductors is reported. The measured phase noise at 10 MHz offset of VCO fabricated in a 65 nm bulk CMOS process varies from -117 to -109 dBc/Hz. The oscillator core consumes 4 or 6 mA from a 1.2 V power supply. These correspond to a record 43.3% tuning range. FOMT ranges from -191.7 to -181.9 dBc/Hz. With tunable output buffers, the measured signal output power is above -15 dBm across the entire frequencies.
Effect of laser treatment on the gas sensitivity of tin dioxide films (1998)

It is shown that the sensitivity of antimony-doped polycrystalline SnO2 films can be increased by treatment with laser pulses.
Detection of cross-reactive anti-DNA antibody idiotypes on renal tissue-bound immunoglobulins from lupus patients. (1985)

Cross-reactive anti-DNA antibody idiotypes have been identified on tissue-bound immunoglobulins in a study of renal biopsies from 26 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. 12 (46%) biopsies were shown to have one or both the idiotypes tested for by anti-idiotypic reagents. The idiotypes were identified in the glomerular basement membrane, the mesangial cell cytoplasm, and in focal tuft proliferations. In contrast, in none of 24 immunoglobulin-positive disease control biopsies could either idiotype be demonstrated. Blocking studies in two patients indicated that the idiotypes were on anti-DNA antibodies. These findings indicate that some tissue-bound auto-antibodies are derived from related families of high-frequency germ line genes that are expressed in SLE patients. The potential role of anti-idiotypic therapy in SLE is discussed.
Natural Convection in Horizontal Thin-Walled Honeycomb Panels (1973)

This paper presents an experimental study of the stability of and natural convection heat transfer through a horizontal fluid layer heated from below and constrained internally by a honeycomb. Examination of the types of boundary conditions exacted on the fluid at the cell side-walls has shown that there are three limiting cases: (1) perfectly conducting side-walls; (2) perfectly adiabatic side-walls; and (3) side-walls having zero thickness. Experiments described in this paper approach the latter category. The fluid used is air and the honeycomb used is square-celled. Measured critical Rayleigh numbers are found to be intermediate between those applying to cases (1) and (2), and consistent with an “equivalent wave number” of approximately 0.95 times that for case (1). The measured natural convective heat transfer after instability is found to be significantly less than that predicted by the Malkus-Veronis power integral technique. However, it is found to approach asymptotically the heat transfer which would take place through a similar fluid layer unconstrained by a honeycomb. A general correlation equation for the heat transfer is given.