gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electric birefringence spectroscopy of montmorillonite particles (2016)

Electric birefringence (EB) of suspensions of anisotropic particles can be considered an electrokinetic phenomenon in a wide sense, as both liquid motions and polarization of the electrical double layer (EDL) of the particles participate in the process of particle orientation under the applied field. The EB spectrum can be exploited for obtaining information on the dimensions, average value and anisotropy of the surface conductivity of the particles, and the concentration and Maxwell-Wagner polarization of the EDLs. It is thus a highly informative technique, applicable to non-spherical particles. In this paper, we investigate the birefringent response of plate-like montmorillonite particles as a function of the frequency and amplitude of the applied AC electric field, for different compositions (pH, ionic strength, particle concentration) of the suspensions. The transient electric birefringence (i.e., the decay of the refractive index anisotropy with time when the field is switched off) is used for estimating the average dimensions of the particle axes, by modeling it as an oblate spheroid. The obtained values are very similar to those deduced from electron microscopy determinations. The frequency spectra show a very distinct behaviour at low (on the order of a few Hz) and high (up to several MHz) frequencies: the α and Maxwell-Wagner-O'Konski relaxations, characteristic of EDLs, are detected at frequencies above 10 kHz, and they can be well explained using electrokinetic models for the polarization of EDLs. At low frequencies, in contrast, the birefringence changes to negative, an anomalous response meaning that the particles tend to orient with their symmetry axis parallel to the field. This anomaly is weaker at basic pH values, high ionic strengths and low concentrations. The results can be explained by considering the polydispersity of real samples: the fastest particles redistribute around the slowest ones, inducing a hydrodynamic torque opposite to that of the field, in close similarity with the results previously described for the mixtures of anisometric particles with small amounts of spherical nanoparticles.
A Data Quality Model for Web Portals (2011)

Web portals are Internet-based applications that provide a big amount of data. The data consumer who uses the data given by these applications needs to assess data quality. Due to the relevance of data quality on the Web together with the fact that DQ needs to be assessed within the context in which data are generated, data quality models specific to this context are necessary. In this chapter, we will introduce a model for data quality in Web portals (PDQM). PDQM has been built upon the foundation of three key aspects: (1) a set of Web data quality attributes identified in the literature in this area, (2) data quality expectations of data consumers on the Internet, and (3) the functionalities that a Web portal may offer its users.
Fundus Image Classification Using VGG-19 Architecture with PCA and SVD (2018)

Automated medical image analysis is an emerging field of research that identifies the disease with the help of imaging technology. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a retinal disease that is diagnosed in diabetic patients. Deep neural network (DNN) is widely used to classify diabetic retinopathy from fundus images collected from suspected persons. The proposed DR classification system achieves a symmetrically optimized solution through the combination of a Gaussian mixture model (GMM), visual geometry group network (VGGNet), singular value decomposition (SVD) and principle component analysis (PCA), and softmax, for region segmentation, high dimensional feature extraction, feature selection and fundus image classification, respectively. The experiments were performed using a standard KAGGLE dataset containing 35,126 images. The proposed VGG-19 DNN based DR model outperformed the AlexNet and spatial invariant feature transform (SIFT) in terms of classification accuracy and computational time. Utilization of PCA and SVD feature selection with fully connected (FC) layers demonstrated the classification accuracies of 92.21%, 98.34%, 97.96%, and 98.13% for FC7-PCA, FC7-SVD, FC8-PCA, and FC8-SVD, respectively.
Manual of Clinical Microbiology. (1980)

The 11th edition of the Manual of Clinical Microbiology continues to set the standard for state-of-the-science laboratory practices as the most authoritative reference in the field of clinical microbiology. This new edition presents the numerous microbial taxonomic changes and newer more powerful diagnostic approaches that have been developed since publication of the 10th edition. A collaborative team of editors and authors from around the world, all experienced practitioners, researchers, or public health experts, revised the Manual to include the latest applications of genomics and proteomics, producing an authoritative work of two volumes filled with current findings regarding infectious agents, leading-edge diagnostic methods, laboratory practices, and safety guidelines.
A newborn mouse model for the study of intestinal pathogenesis of shigellosis (2003)

Shigella infection is characterized by the induction of acute inflammation, which is responsible for the massive tissue destruction of the intestinal mucosa. A murine model would be a valuable tool for gaining a better understanding of the physiopathology of shigellosis and the host immune response to Shigella infection, but adult mice do not develop disease upon oral inoculation. We therefore attempted to develop a model of infection in newborn mice. Four-day-old mice inoculated with 50 microl of 5 x 10(9) invasive wild-type Shigella flexneri 5a were susceptible to bacterial infection, but mice inoculated with the non-invasive strain BS176 were not. Histologically, 4-day-old mice infected with the invasive strain presented intestinal lesions and inflammation similar to those described in patients with shigellosis. Moreover, cytokine and chemokine responses consistent with inflammation were observed. Lower bacterial inocula induced less severe intestinal damage. In contrast, 5-day-old mice inoculated with either the invasive or the non-invasive strain were not infected. We have thus established a mouse model that is suitable for the study of the pathogenesis of intestinal Shigella infection.
p53-Dependent Transcriptional Control of Cellular Prion by Presenilins (2009)

The presenilin-dependent gamma-secretase processing of the beta-amyloid precursor protein (betaAPP) conditions the length of the amyloid beta peptides (Abeta) that accumulate in the senile plaques of Alzheimer's disease-affected brains. This, together with an additional presenilin-mediated epsilon-secretase cleavage, generates intracellular betaAPP-derived fragments named amyloid intracellular domains (AICDs) that regulate the transcription of several genes. We establish that presenilins control the transcription of cellular prion protein (PrP(c)) by a gamma-secretase inhibitor-sensitive and AICD-mediated process. We demonstrate that AICD-dependent control of PrP(c) involves the tumor suppressor p53. Thus, p53-deficiency abolishes the AICD-mediated control of PrP(c) transcription. Furthermore, we show that p53 directly binds to the PrP(c) promoter and increases its transactivation. Overall, our study unravels a transcriptional regulation of PrP(c) by the oncogene p53 that is directly driven by presenilin-dependent formation of AICD. Furthermore, it adds support to previous reports linking secretase activities involved in betaAPP metabolism to the physiology of PrP(c).
Individual Response to Risk As a Function of Normative Social Pressure: A Pilot Study of Seat Belt Use (1992)

The authors attempt to clarify some of the variables that influence whether people act appropriately when a Risk is substantial and subject to individual control. They do so by reporting results of a pilot study of seat belt use. Also, the authors believe their approach to be generalizable to problems such as encouraging people to test for radon, to use condoms to prevent AIDS or to quit smoking.
Electron-Transfer Ion/Ion Reactions of Doubly Protonated Peptides:  Effect of Elevated Bath Gas Temperature (2005)

In this study, the electron-transfer dissociation (ETD) behavior of cations derived from 27 different peptides (22 of which are tryptic peptides) has been studied in a 3D quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. Ion/ion reactions between peptide cations and nitrobenzene anions have been examined at both room temperature and in an elevated temperature bath gas environment to form ETD product ions. From the peptides studied, the ETD sequence coverage tends to be inversely related to peptide size. At room temperature, very high sequence coverage (approximately 100%) was observed for small peptides (< or =7 amino acids). For medium-sized peptides composed of 8-11 amino acids, the average sequence coverage was 46%. Larger peptides with 14 or more amino acids yielded an average sequence coverage of 23%. Elevated-temperature ETD provided increased sequence coverage over room-temperature experiments for the peptides of greater than 7 residues, giving an average of 67% for medium-sized peptides and 63% for larger peptides. Percent ETD, a measure of the extent of electron transfer, has also been calculated for the peptides and also shows an inverse relation with peptide size. Bath gas temperature does not have a consistent effect on percent ETD, however. For the tryptic peptides, fragmentation is localized at the ends of the peptides suggesting that the distribution of charge within the peptide may play an important role in determining fragmentation sites. A triply protonated peptide has also been studied and shows behavior similar to the doubly charged peptides. These preliminary results suggest that for a given charge state there is a maximum size for which high sequence coverage is obtained and that increasing the bath gas temperature can increase this maximum.
Stereo- and regioselective hydroboration of 1-<i>exo</i>-methylene pyranoses: discovery of aryltriazolylmethyl C-galactopyranosides as selective galectin-1 inhibitors (2019)

Galectins are carbohydrate recognition proteins that bind carbohydrates containing galactose and are involved in cell signaling and cellular interactions, involving them in several diseases. We present the synthesis of (aryltriazolyl)methyl galactopyranoside galectin inhibitors using a highly diastereoselective hydroboration of C1-<i>exo</i>-methylene pyranosides giving inhibitors with fourfold or better selectivity for galectin-1 over galectin-3, -4C (C-terminal CRD), -4N (N-terminal CRD), -7, -8C, -8N, -9C, and -9N and dissociation constants down to 170 µM.
TREATMENT OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IN PATIENTS WITH METASTATIC PROSTATE CANCER MAY IMPROVE BONE PAIN AND MUSCLE STRENGTH (2000)

We performed a phase II study to determine whether pain associated with prostate cancer bone metastasis would respond to vitamin D replacement and parameters of muscle strength would be improved by vitamin D replacement therapy.After a 4-week placebo period, eligible patients received orally 2,000 units vitamin D daily for 12 weeks. Pain questionnaires and measurements of muscle strength were competed at study enrollment and every 4 weeks thereafter. Serum calcium and vitamin D were measured at each clinic visit.A total of 16 patients with advanced hormone refractory prostate cancer were enrolled in this phase II study, of whom 7 (44%) had decreased baseline vitamin D. With vitamin D treatment, 4 patients (25%) had improvement in pain scores and 6 (37%) had improvement in muscle strength measurements. Improvement in pain scores correlated with improvement in subjective symptoms but did not result in a significant decrease in regular scheduled analgesic requirements.Vitamin D deficiency develops in a significant percent of patients with advanced hormone refractory prostate cancer. Supplementation with vitamin D may be a useful adjunct for improving pain, muscle strength and quality of life in this patient population.
Intuitive Service Discovery in RFID-enhanced networks (2006)

This paper presents an architecture for easy configuration and intuitive interaction between non-expert users and smart devices. It employs RFID (NFC) object tagging to enable service discovery through simple touch gestures. With this new paradigm, the physical space becomes an extension of the traditional mobile device GUI. In addition, an extensible RFID tag record is described that can be used in a variety of service discovery scenarios. A brief security analysis is included to address potential threats. The proposed approach is further illustrated through a technical realisation based on the UPnP framework. An example use case is selected and the step-by-step process of self-configuration, service discovery and user interaction is described
Characterization of the Minimal Replicator of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Latent Origin (2005)

The latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) binds to two sites within the 801-bp-long terminal repeat (TR) and is the only viral protein required for episomal maintenance. While two or more copies of TR are required for long-term maintenance, a single TR confers LANA-dependent origin activity on plasmid DNA. Deletion mapping revealed a 71-bp-long minimal replicator containing two distinctive sequence elements: LANA binding sites (LBS1/2) and an adjacent 29- to 32-bp-long GC-rich sequence which we termed the replication element. Furthermore, the transcription factor Sp1 can bind to TR outside the minimal replicator and contributes to TR's previously reported enhancer activity.
Dosage schedule and plasma levels of doxepin and desmethyldoxepin. (1978)

Plasma levels of doxepin and its metabolite desmethyldoxepin were determined in 7 depressed patients treated with doxepin hydrochloride in 3 divided doses at 1000, 1600, and 2200 hours (t.i.d.), and repeated after changing the dosage schedule to a single daily bedtime (h.s.) dose at 2200 hours. Doxepin and its metabolite were measured at 9000, 1200, 1500, and 1800 hours. None of the individual patients showed clinically significant changes in their plasma concentration of tricyclic antidepressant on the 2 dosage schedules. No difference in the clinical condition of the patients was detected on the 2 dosage schedules using the Zung Self Rating Depression Scale, however patients experienced more morning sedation while on the single h.s. dosage. This study provides pharmacological support for the prescription of doxepin on a once daily basis.
Targeted Therapy in her2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Review of the Literature (2015)

Breast tumours positive for her2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) represent approximately 20% of all breast cancer cases and are associated with an aggressive natural history. The advent of targeted anti-her2 therapies has dramatically improved disease control and survival in patients with metastatic her2-positive breast cancer. Targeted agents are now considered the standard of care in the first-line setting and beyond. The present review summarizes the currently available data on targeted anti-her2 therapies from completed randomized phase iii clinical trials and briefly discusses emerging advances that will address unmet needs in metastatic her2-positive breast cancer.
The basics of the technology of creating a small interelectrode spacing in thermionic energy converters with the use of two-phase systems (1997)

The paper presents peculiarities of the technology for creating a small interelectrode spacing in thermionic converters (TIC) using two-phase graphite-cesium and graphite-cesium-barium systems. Optimum conditions are discussed for cesium and barium intercalation into oriented graphite (load-bearing member) placed inside the converter interelectrode gap to obtain a stable ultra-small spacing. Principle design diagrams of a close-spaced TIC are presented and their basic technical characteristics are assessed. The analytical relationship between the members of the load-bearing unit based on the graphite-cesium system and the TIC interelectrode spacing being formed is established from calculations and experiments.
3D COMPUTATION OF THE POWER LINES MAGNETIC FIELD (2015)

In this paper, a 3D quasi-static numerical algorithm for computation of the magnetic field produced by power lines is presented. These power lines can be overhead power line phase conductors and shield wires or buried cable line phase conductors. The basis of the presented algorithm is the application of Biot-Savart law and the thin-wire approximation of cylindrical conductors. The catenary form of the power line conductors is approximated by a set of straight cylindrical segments. By summing up contributions of all conductor segments, magnetic field distribution is computed. On the basis of the presented theory, a FORTRAN program PFEMF for computation of the magnetic flux density distribution was developed. For each conductor catenary, it is necessary to define only global coordinates of the beginning and ending points and also the value of the longitudinal phase conductor current. Global coordinates of beginning and ending points of each catenary segment are generated automatically in PFEMF. Numerical results obtained by program PFEMF are compared with results obtained by simple 2D model and results obtained using software package CDEGS.
Statutory and mandatory training in health and social care – a toolkit for good practice Garcarz Wendy Wilcock Emma Statutory and mandatory training in health and social care – a toolkit for good practice Radcliffe 128 pages £19.95 185775686X 185775686X (2005)

This practical reference book is for managers and staff training personnel in health and social care organisations. The overall aim is to support a structured approach to mandatory health and safety issues.
Light scattering properties induced by memory effects in a nematic liquid crystal cell without rubbing (1993)

Abstract A memory effect of molecular orientation observed in a nematic liquid crystal cell without rubbing is investigated by using a pairing of plane and parallel electrode structures. The liquid crystal cell gives an opaque state by heating it up to an isotropic phase and cooling down to a nematic phase with an external field applied; strong light scattering properties can be obtained. The opaque state is stable for a long period of time at room temperature. However, once the liquid crystal cell is heated up to an isotropic phase and cooled down in the absence of an external field, the opaque state can be cleared and the cell returns to its transparent initial state. The light scattering properties and microscopic textures of the liquid crystal cell are investigated for various experimental conditions.
Cognitive Maps of Decision-Makers in a Complex Game (1982)

This paper illustrates the use of a cognitive mapping technique to examine the behaviour and perceptions of individual decision-makers. A cognitive map is a representation of the subjective decision-making environment of an individual. Seven military officers each played two scenarios in a research wargame. Analysis of their communications in the game showed that individual players were remarkably consistent over the two scenarios, but their perceptions of their common decision-making environment differed noticeably. Differences related to the size and complexity of their cognitive maps, the detailed interpretation of the maps, the players' confidence and anticipation of the future and the way in which the maps were altered as time progressed.
Microscopic description of protein thermostabilization mechanisms with disaccharides from Raman spectroscopy investigations (2007)

The mechanisms of protein thermostabilization by sugar were analysed for three disaccharides (maltose, sucrose and trehalose) characterized by the same chemical formula (C 12 H 22 O 11 ). Raman scattering investigations simultaneously carried out in the low-frequency range and in the amide I band region provide a microscopic description of the process of protein thermal denaturation. From this detailed description, the influence of sugar on this process was analysed. The principal effect of sugars is to stabilize the tertiary structure, in which the biomolecule preserves its native conformation, through a strengthening of O-H interactions. This study shows that the bioprotective properties of sugars are mainly based on interactions between water and sugar. The exceptional properties of trehalose to preserve the native state of lysozyme by heating can be associated with its capability to distort the tetra-bonded hydrogen bond network of water.
Changes in Mitochondrial DNA as a Marker of Nucleoside Toxicity in HIV-Infected Patients (2002)

Mitochondrial DNA levels are significantly decreased in patients with symptomatic, nucleoside-related hyperlactatemia, an effect that resolves on the discontinuation of therapy.
A fast navigator‐gated 3D sequence for delayed enhancement MRI of the myocardium: Comparison with breathhold 2D imaging (2008)

3DNAV DE-MRI provides improved image quality and similar infarct detection in less scan time compared to the standard 2DBH DE-MRI.
Association of macular involvement with proliferative retinopathy in Type 2 diabetes (2001)

The results of this study suggest that in Type 2 diabetes, proliferative disease occurs relatively late compared with maculopathy. In such patients, maculopathy is almost invariably present when proliferative disease is detected.
Treatment of vaginal Candida infections (2002)

Candida vaginitis is most commonly caused by Candida albicans (> 85%) with little evidence of an increase in vaginitis due to non-C. albicans species. Epidemiological studies are no longer possible in the US in the era of self-diagnosis and -treatment by women empowered by the availability of over-the-counter antimycotics. A new classification of vulvovaginal candidiasis into uncomplicated and complicated vaginitis has simplified choice and duration of antifungal therapy. Vaginitis due to C. albicans responds well to available therapy. In contrast, vaginitis due to Candida glabrata is associated with a high treatment failure rate. Candida vaginitis infection rates in HIV-positive women remain undetermined and reports of refractory fungal vaginitis have not been substantiated. In spite of the wide array of antifungal agents currently available, considerable limitations in available therapy exist in the effective management of complicated vaginitis.
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and Brownian rotational diffusion (1975)

Abstract A theroy relating rotational Brownian motion to the time autocorrelation function of the intensity of radiation from a fluorescent system composed of spherical rotors is presented. The calculation shows three relaxation times, two associated with the rotational diffusion, and the third associated with the natural decay of the fluorescence. The correlation function contains terms that relax independently of the fluorescence decay time, thus arbitrarily extending the time range over which rotational diffusion can be studied by fluorescence.