gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient algorithms for MPEG-4 AAC-ELD, AAC-LD and AAC-LC filterbanks (2008)

Recently MPEG has developed a new audio coding standard - MPEG-4 AAC enhanced low delay (ELD), targeting low bit rate, full-duplex communication applications such as audio and video conferencing. The AAC-ELD combines low delay SBR filterbank with a low delay core coder filterbank to achieve both high coding efficiency and low algorithmic delay. In this paper, we propose an efficient mapping of the AAC-ELD core coder filterbank to the well known MDCT. This provides a fast algorithm for the new filterbank. Since AAC-LD and AAC-LC profiles also use MDCT filterbank, this mapping enables efficient joint implementation of filterbanks for all 3 profiles. We also present a very efficient 15-point DCT-II algorithm that is useful for implementation of all 3 profiles with frame lengths of 960 and 480. This algorithm requires just 17 multiplications and 67 additions. The overall design structure and complexity analysis of proposed implementation of the filterbanks is also provided.
Structural biology of type VI secretion systems (2012)

Type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) are transenvelope complexes specialized in the transport of proteins or domains directly into target cells. These systems are versatile as they can target either eukaryotic host cells and therefore modulate the bacteria-host interaction and pathogenesis or bacterial cells and therefore facilitate access to a specific niche. These molecular machines comprise at least 13 proteins. Although recent years have witnessed advances in the role and function of these secretion systems, little is known about how these complexes assemble in the cell envelope. Interestingly, the current information converges to the idea that T6SSs are composed of two subassemblies, one resembling the contractile bacteriophage tail, whereas the other subunits are embedded in the inner and outer membranes and anchor the bacteriophage-like structure to the cell envelope. In this review, we summarize recent structural information on individual T6SS components emphasizing the fact that T6SSs are composite systems, adapting subunits from various origins.
Stereospecific Influences in Metal Complexes Containing Optically Active Ligands. IX. The Equilibrium Ratios and Isolation of Some of the Isomers in the Mixture Tris-((±)-propylenediamine)-cobalt (III) Chloride (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereospecific Influences in Metal Complexes Containing Optically Active Ligands. IX. The Equilibrium Ratios and Isolation of Some of the Isomers in the Mixture Tris-((±)-propylenediamine)-cobalt (III) ChlorideF. P. Dwyer, A. M. Sargeson, and L. B. JamesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 4, 590–592Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01058a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01058a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views84Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Current mechanistic scenarios in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell mobilization (2003)

Uncovering the molecular mechanisms governing the exit of stem/progenitor cells from bone marrow to peripheral blood at steady state or after their enforced migration has been an ongoing challenge. Recently, however, several new avenues or paradigms in mobilization have emerged from ever-expanding work in humans subjected to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) mobilization, as well as from studies in normal and gene-deficient mouse models. Although these developments represent notable advances that met with considerable excitement, they have been quenched by surprising vacillations in subsequent research. This perspective highlights recent developments in mobilization along with their controversies. A full understanding of the directional cues that control the migratory behavior and the fate of stem/progenitor cells once they migrate out of bone marrow will await further experimentation, aiming to bridge our current gaps in knowledge.
Phase Shifts in the Molecular Beam Method of Separated Oscillating Fields (1951)

The effects of phase differences between the two oscillating fields in the separated oscillating fields method for molecular beam radiofrequency spectroscopy is discussed theoretically. It is shown that measurements in which the relative phase is changed from 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} effectively double the intensity of the signal and hence increase the sensitivity of the apparatus. Phase shifts of $\frac{\ensuremath{\pi}}{2}$ radians give resonances in the form of dispersion curves. Consequently, measurements in which the phase is changed from $+\ensuremath{\delta}$ to $\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}$, where $\ensuremath{\delta}$ is near 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, give particularly sensitive means of determining the resonance frequency.
Genetic Changes of Regulatory Mechanisms Occurred in Leucine and Valine Producing Mutants Derived from<i>Brevibacterium lactofermentum</i>2256 (1975)

The regulatory mechanisms in branched-chain amino acid synthesis were compared between 2-thiazolealanine (2-TA) resistant l-leucine and l-valine producing mutants and the 2-TA sensitive original strains of Brevibacterium lactofermentum 2256. In the original strains, sensitive to 2-TA, α-isopropylmalate (IPM) synthetase, the initial enzyme specific for l-leucine synthesis, is sensitive to feedback inhibition and to repression by l-leucine, and α-acetohydroxy acid (AHA) synthetase, the common initial enzyme for synthesis of l-isoleucine, l-valine as well as l-leucine, is sensitive to feedback inhibition by each one of these amino acids, and to repression by them all. In strain No. 218, a typical l-leucine producer resistant to 2-TA, IPM synthetase was found to be markedly desensitized and derepressed, and AHA synthetase remained unaltered. On the contrary, in strain No. 333, l-valine producer resistant to 2-TA, AHA synthetase was found to be desensitized and partially derepressed, and IPM synthetase remained unaltered. The genetic alteration of these regulatory mechanisms was discussed in connection with the accumulation pattern of amino acids.
A New Concept in Power Circuit-Breaker Design Utilizing SF6 (1959)

The type of breaker described in this paper combines many of the best features of other types of breakers and eliminates many of their disadvantages. An economical breaker has been designed based on the use of a building-block type of interrupter which lends itself to extension to a line of breakers. The mechanical interconnection of all contacts and the provision for through-type current transformers are both extremely desirable features which are generally obtained with dead-tank type breakers. The use of SF6 gas as an interrupting medium offers these distinct advantages: 1. Low breaker height and small floor area requirements permit installation in existing or conventional substation structures. 2. Demonstration of shock or noise during fault interruption is negligible. 3. Light weight keeps down the cost of installation. 4. Foundation cost is low because of light weight and negligible impact loading. 5. Maintenance cost is low and the time interval between inspection periods is longer. 6. Complete interrupter unit is readily and quickly removable for inspection or maintenance.
The fatty acid composition of <i>Hibiscus sabdariffa</i> seed oil (1982)

Abstract Analysis of Hibiscus sabdariffa seed oil from different seed collections (or cultivars), representing different growing areas, showed differences in the fatty acid pattern, especially with respect to linoleic (30.1‐37.45%) and epoxyoleic (trace to 5.3%). The results showed different values from those previously reported for the cyclopropenoid fatty acid, found to be malvalic acid (0.4‐2.0%), responsible for the positive Halphen response of the oil. It is now also established that the oil contains dihydrosterculic acid (1.0‐1.6%) which has been reported previously in other species of the genus Hibiscus. The results of the rest of fatty acids showed ranges for myristic 0.2‐0.5%, palmitic 17.4‐22.6%, stearic 3.9‐5.2% and oleic acid 34.6‐39.8%.
Integrating performance monitoring and communication in parallel computers (1996)

A large and increasing gap exists between processor and memory speeds in scalable cache-coherent multiprocessors. To cope with this situation, programmers and compiler writers must increasingly be aware of the memory hierarchy as they implement software. Tools to support memory performance tuning have, however, been hobbled by the fact that it is difficult to observe the caching behavior of a running program. Little hardware support exists specifically for observing caching behavior; furthermore, what support does exist is often difficult to use for making fine-grained observations about program memory behavior.Our work observes that in a multiprocessor, the actions required for memory performance monitoring are similar to those required for enforcing cache coherence. In fact, we argue that on several machines, the coherence/communication system itself can be used as machine support for performance monitoring. We have demonstrated this idea by implementing the FlashPoint memory performance monitoring tool. FlashPoint is implemented as a special performance-monitoring coherence protocol for the Stanford FLASH Multiprocessor. By embedding performance monitoring into a cache-coherence scheme based on a programmable controller, we can gather detailed, per-data-structure, memory statistics with less than a 10% slowdown compared to unmonitored program executions. We present results on the accuracy of the data collected, and on how FlashPoint performance scales with the number of processors.
An Adenovirus-Based Vaccine with a Double-Stranded RNA Adjuvant Protects Mice and Ferrets against H5N1 Avian Influenza in Oral Delivery Models (2012)

An oral gene-based avian influenza vaccine would allow rapid development and simplified distribution, but efficacy has previously been difficult to achieve by the oral route. This study assessed protection against avian influenza virus challenge using a chimeric adenovirus vector expressing hemagglutinin and a double-stranded RNA adjuvant. Immunized ferrets and mice were protected upon lethal challenge. Further, ferrets immunized by the peroral route induced cross-clade neutralizing antibodies, and the antibodies were selective against hemagglutinin, not the vector. Similarly, experiments in mice demonstrated selective immune responses against HA with peroral delivery and the ability to circumvent preexisting vector immunity.
Clinoform development by advection‐diffusion of suspended sediment: Modeling and comparison to natural systems (1998)

Clinoforms are the building blocks of prograding stratigraphic sequences. These sigmoid‐shaped surfaces can be found forming today on modern deltas. Sedimentation rate profiles over the clinoform surface of these deltas show low rates of sediment accumulation on both topset and bottomset regions, with a maximum accumulation rate on the upper foreset region. We present a model for the formation of clinoforms that relies on the interpretation of modern clinoform sedimentation as a result of the distribution of shear stresses at the mouth of a river. Model clinoform surfaces are generated using an equation for the conservation of suspended sediment concentration, together with a conservation of fluid equation for simple time‐averaged flow velocity fields. In the model, suspended sediment is adverted horizontally into a basin, and gravitational settling of sediment particles is counteracted by vertical turbulent diffusion. In shallow water, shear stresses are too large to allow deposition, and sediment bypasses the topset region. With increasing water depth, near‐bed shear stresses decrease, and sediment is allowed to deposit at the foreset region, with gradually decreasing rates toward deeper water. This sedimentation pattern leads to progradation of the clinoform surfaces through time. The clinoform surfaces produced by the model capture the fundamental morphological characteristics of natural clinoforms. These include the gradual slope rollover at the topset and bottomset, steeper foreset slopes with increased grain size, and an increase in foreset slope through time as clinoforms prograde into deeper water. Because the parameters controlling the model clinoforms have a direct relation to physical quantities that can be measured in natural systems, the model is an important step toward unraveling the physical processes associated with these deposits.
Mutation in domain II of IAA1 confers diverse auxin‐related phenotypes and represses auxin‐activated expression of <i>Aux/IAA</i> genes in steroid regulator‐inducible system (2002)

Most of Aux/IAA genes are rapidly induced by auxin. The Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived nuclear proteins sharing the four conserved domains. Domain II is critical for rapid degradation of Aux/IAA proteins. Among these gene family members, IAA1 is one of the earliest auxin-inducible genes. We used a steroid hormone-inducible system to reveal putative roles and downstream signaling of IAA1 in auxin response. Arabidopsis transgenic plants were generated expressing fusion protein of IAA1 (IAA1-GR) or IAA1 with a mutation in domain II (iaa1-GR) and the glucocorticoid hormone-binding domain (GR). IAA1-GR transgenic plants did not exhibit any discernable phenotypic differences by DEX treatment that allows nuclear translocation of the fusion protein. In contrast, diverse auxin-related physiological processes including gravitropism and phototropism were impaired by DEX treatment in roots, hypocotyls, stems, and leaves in iaa1-GR transgenic plants. Auxin induction of seven Aux/IAA mRNAs including IAA1 itself was repressed by DEX treatment, suggesting that IAA1 functions in the nucleus by mediating auxin response and might act as a negative feedback regulator for the expression of Aux/IAA genes including IAA1 itself. Auxin induction of Aux/IAA genes in the presence of cycloheximide can be repressed by DEX treatment, showing that the repression of transcription of the Aux/IAAs by the iaa1 mutant protein is primary. Wild-type IAA1-GR could not suppress auxin induction of IAA1 and IAA2. These results indicate that inhibition of auxin-activated transcription of Aux/IAA genes by the iaa1 mutant protein might be responsible for alteration of various auxin responses.
Compact cascaded directional couplers with continuously tuneable coupling ratios (2011)

This paper presents the analysis and development of compact cascaded directional couplers with continuously tuneable coupling ratios. The general approach of cascading two quadrature directional couplers and discontinuities in the connecting branches is analyzed. Two suggested compact individual couplers are analyzed using even-odd-analysis. Two proposed cascaded networks are composed of only 50Ω transmission lines, two variable capacitance diodes and either four capacitors or one capacitor and one inductor. DC supply and decoupling is needed additionally. Prototypes of the two-fold and the one-fold symmetrical network were fabricated and the measurement results are shown.
Experiment vs Force Fields:  DNA Conformation from Molecular Dynamics Simulations (1997)

Molecular dynamics simulations of the DNA duplex d(CCCCCTTTTT)2 in ionic solution with AMBER and CHARMM force fields are compared. CHARMM parameters result in an A-DNA conformation with a heterogeneous backbone structure, but in the AMBER force field the DNA is found in a B-like helix with a homogeneous B-DNA backbone during the first 3.5 ns before moving close to the CHARMM structure in the A family at around 4 ns. Both structures are in partial disagreement with experiment, which reports the C/G part in A and the A/T part in B form.
Network services and tool support for cloud environments (2011)

Virtualization of servers and network infrastructure is an effective way to reduce hardware costs as well as power consumption. Today cloud systems are often used to handle virtualization of servers but lack the ability of deploy and configure network equipment. Facilitating network equipment configuration within a cloud environment, would make it possible to create complete virtual networks along with well known and proven features of cloud computing today. Our solution provides users with a graphical tool for easy and quick configuration of not only virtual machines but also virtual network equipment within a cloud environment. This makes it possible for a user to create advanced network topologies. Creating complete virtual networks like this using a single tool, will speed up configuration and minimize the errors that can occur when manually configuring multiple instances. The implemented software solution consists of two major parts, a graphical user interface (GUI) and a back-end server. The back-end server is responsible for handling communication between the user application and an underlying cloud platform, in this case OpenStack. The graphical user interface gives the user the possibility to draw networks and launch virtual machines using simple drag-and-drop features. It also monitors all the running virtual instances and physical machines, and alerts the user if a problem occurs. This project is the first step towards supporting global virtual networks spanning across multiple data centers. It shows that it is possible to create virtual networks using a cloud environment as a base.
Decreased natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity per effector cell in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. (1985)

Natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CYT) was determined using whole blood samples from 32 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and 12 with AIDS-related complexes (ARC) and correlated with the number of putative natural killer cells (NK) bearing surface marker Leu 11a. Mean percent cytotoxicity (%CYT) was significantly lower in AIDS and ARC patients compared to that of normal controls. Mean %NK cells in AIDS patients was significantly higher than in normals, while %NK cells in ARC patients did not differ significantly from that of normals. In contrast, the absolute number of NK (NNK) cells in AIDS patients did not differ significantly from that of normals, while the NNK cells in ARC patients was significantly lower than those in normals. When the data were expressed in kinetic lytic units per NK cell (KLU/NK = maximum number of K562 cells killed per NK cell in 4 hours), significantly lower KLU/NK were observed in both AIDS and ARC patients compared to that in normals. Our data show that NK cells in AIDS and ARC patients are in a less active state compared to those in normals.
New enzyme for reductive cancer chemotherapy, YieF, and its improvement by directed evolution (2006)

Reductive prodrugs, mitomycin C and 5-aziridinyl-2,4-dinitrobenzamide (CB 1954), are nontoxic in their native form but become highly toxic upon reduction. Their effectiveness in cancer chemotherapy can be enhanced by delivering to tumors enzymes with improved prodrug reduction kinetics. We report the discovery of a new prodrug-reducing enzyme, YieF, from Escherichia coli, and the improvement of its kinetics for reducing mitomycin C and CB 1954. A YieF-derived enzyme, Y6, killed HeLa spinner cells with >or=5-fold efficiency than the wild-type enzymes, YieF and NfsA, at a variety of drug and enzyme concentrations and incubation times. With adhered HeLa cells and Salmonella typhimurium SL 7838 bacteria as enzyme delivery vehicle, at least an order of magnitude less of Y6-producing bacteria were required to kill >90% of tumor cells compared with bacteria expressing the wild-type enzymes, which at a comparable level killed < 5% of the cells. Thus, Y6 is a promising enzyme for use in cancer chemotherapy, and Salmonella strain SL 7838, which specifically targets tumors, may be used to deliver the prodrug-activating enzymes to tumors.
Automated prescription of oblique brain 3D magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (2012)

Two major difficulties encountered in implementing Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI) in a clinical setting are limited coverage and difficulty in prescription. The goal of this project was to automate completely the process of 3D PRESS MRSI prescription, including placement of the selection box, saturation bands and shim volume, while maximizing the coverage of the brain. The automated prescription technique included acquisition of an anatomical MRI image, optimization of the oblique selection box parameters, optimization of the placement of outer-volume suppression saturation bands, and loading of the calculated parameters into a customized 3D MRSI pulse sequence. To validate the technique and compare its performance with existing protocols, 3D MRSI data were acquired from six exams from three healthy volunteers. To assess the performance of the automated 3D MRSI prescription for patients with brain tumors, the data were collected from 16 exams from 8 subjects with gliomas. This technique demonstrated robust coverage of the tumor, high consistency of prescription and very good data quality within the T2 lesion.
Experimental Anticancer Studies. XXVIII. Anticancer Activity of Some Nitrofuran Derivatives. (1966)

8 Nitrofurans related to 2-[2-(5-nitrofuryl)vinyl]-4-quinolinecarboxylic acid and 6 Schiff bases of 5-nitrofuraldehyde were prepared and tested for their effect upon Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice. As the results, 2-[2-(5-nitrofuryl)vinyl]-8-quinolinol acetate and 2-[2-(5-nitrofuryl)vinyl]-4-quinolinecarboxylic acid hydrazide were shown to be very effective in inhibiting the cancer cells growth.
Robust algorithm for scene analysis on compressed video (2003)

This paper presents a robust method to detect scene changes from compressed video streams. Scene changes are detected with DC components of DCT coefficients in MPEG encoded video sequences. Instead of decoding full frames, partial macroblocks of each frame, horizontal and vertical macroblocks, are decoded to perform scene changes. This method detects abrupt and gradual scene changes by decoding minimal blocks and saves a lot of computations. The experiment results show at least 95% detection performance for dramas, news and animations.