gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Insights into the Unique Structure of the F<sub>0</sub>F<sub>1</sub>-ATP Synthase from the Chlamydomonad Algae <i>Polytomella</i> sp. and <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> (2007)

In this study, we investigate the structure of the mitochondrial F(0)F(1)-ATP synthase of the colorless alga Polytomella sp. with respect to the enzyme of its green close relative Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. It is demonstrated that several unique features of the ATP synthase in C. reinhardtii are also present in Polytomella sp. The alpha- and beta-subunits of the ATP synthase from both algae are highly unusual in that they exhibit extensions at their N- and C-terminal ends, respectively. Several subunits of the Polytomella ATP synthase in the range of 9 to 66 kD have homologs in the green alga but do not have known equivalents as yet in mitochondrial ATP synthases of mammals, plants, or fungi. The largest of these so-called ASA (ATP Synthase-Associated) subunits, ASA1, is shown to be an extrinsic protein. Short heat treatment of isolated Polytomella mitochondria unexpectedly dissociated the otherwise highly stable ATP synthase dimer of 1,600 kD into subcomplexes of 800 and 400 kD, assigned as the ATP synthase monomer and F(1)-ATPase, respectively. Whereas no ASA subunits were found in the F(1)-ATPase, all but two were present in the monomer. ASA6 (12 kD) and ASA9 (9 kD), predicted to be membrane bound, were not detected in the monomer and are thus proposed to be involved in the formation or stabilization of the enzyme. A hypothetical configuration of the Chlamydomonad dimeric ATP synthase portraying its unique features is provided to spur further research on this topic.
Cyclin E overexpression as a biomarker for combination treatment strategies in inflammatory breast cancer (2017)

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a virulent form of breast cancer, and novel treatment strategies are urgently needed. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumors from women with a clinical diagnosis of IBC (n = 147) and those with non-IBC breast cancer (n = 2510) revealed that, whereas in non-IBC cases cytoplasmic cyclin E was highly correlated with poor prognosis (P < 0.001), in IBC cases both nuclear and cytoplasmic cyclin E were indicative of poor prognosis. These results underscored the utility of the cyclin E/CDK2 complex as a novel target for treatment. Because IBC cell lines were highly sensitive to the CDK2 inhibitors dinaciclib and meriolin 5, we developed a high-throughput survival assay (HTSA) to design novel sequential combination strategies based on the presence of cyclin E and CDK2. Using a 14-cell-line panel, we found that dinaciclib potentiated the activity of DNA-damaging chemotherapies treated in a sequence of dinaciclib followed by chemotherapy, whereas this was not true for paclitaxel. We also identified a signature of DNA repair-related genes that are downregulated by dinaciclib, suggesting that global DNA repair is inhibited and that prolonged DNA damage leads to apoptosis. Taken together, our findings argue that CDK2-targeted combinations may be viable strategies in IBC worthy of future clinical investigation.
Dynamic imaging of intracranial lesions using fast spin‐echo imaging: Differentiation of brain tumors and treatment effects (1997)

The purpose of this study was to develop a technique for differentiating between recurrent brain tumors and treatment-related changes, such as radiation necrosis, using dynamic MRI. Ninety-five patients with intracranial mass lesions were evaluated using T1-weighted fast spin-echo (FSE) MRI at 1.5 T. Pathologies included treatment-related changes (n = 32), primary tumors (n = 41), metastatic tumors (n = 5), meningiomas (n = 4), and mixed primary/treatment related changes (n = 13). Signal enhancement-time curves were analyzed by fitting to a sigmoidal-exponential function. Maximal enhancement rates were calculated as the first derivative of the fitted curve. Based on the maximal enhancement rates, treatment-related changes could be differentiated from primary tumors, metastatic tumors, and meningiomas at the P < .05 confidence level. Lesions of mixed tumor and treatment-related change had intermediate values. Dynamic MRI can be used to differentiate treatment-related changes from primary tumors in previously treated patient populations based on maximal enhancement rates. Individual case studies demonstrate the clinical significance of these findings.
The HORIZON Recurrent Fracture Trial: design of a clinical trial in the prevention of subsequent fractures after low trauma hip fracture repair (2004)

This randomized clinical trial is novel among osteoporosis therapies as it (1). targets hip fracture patients, a previously understudied group, and (2). uses only clinically evident fractures as the primary outcome. Ethical and practical considerations in studying this frail population are discussed.
Reversion of the <i>hprt</i> mutant clone SP5 by intrachromosomal recombination (1992)

The spontaneous hprt mutant clone SP5, derived from V79 Chinese hamster cells, was shown to exhibit a duplication of approximately 2 kb, including exon 2 and its flanking intron sequences, inserted into the intron 1 sequence of the hprt gene. The most striking feature of SP5 is that this clone is quite unstable, demonstrating an extremely high spontaneous reversion frequency. Molecular analysis of 25 independent revertant clones of SP5 indicated that they arose after precise deletion of the duplicated fragment in the hprt gene. Reversion of SP5 could be induced by agents which damage DNA by different mechanisms, but there was no correlation with induction of the forward mutations. Based on these results, we suggest that intrachromosomal recombination must be responsible for the spontaneous reversion of SP5. Genetic recombination in somatic cells has been suggested to be involved in the multistep process of carcinogenesis. Since the ability to induce intrachromosomal recombination in yeast has been shown to be highly correlated with non-mutagenic as well as mutagenic carcinogens, it is of great interest to investigate similar systems in mammalian cells. The SP5 cell line may be unique for such a purpose, since this mutant clone contains an endogenic marker for studying the process of intrachromosomal recombination.
Biodegradation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes through Enzymatic Catalysis (2008)

We show here the biodegradation of single-walled carbon nanotubes through natural, enzymatic catalysis. By incubating nanotubes with a natural horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and low concentrations of H2O2 (approximately 40 microM) at 4 degrees C over 12 weeks under static conditions, we show the increased degradation of nanotube structure. This reaction was monitored via multiple characterization methods, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared (UV-vis-NIR) spectroscopy. These results mark a promising possibility for carbon nanotubes to be degraded by HRP in environmentally relevant settings. This is also tempting for future studies involving biotechnological and natural (plant peroxidases) ways for degradation of carbon nanotubes in the environment.
Patterns of glucose intolerance and free fatty acid behavior in viral hepatitis. (1981)

Twenty-one viral hepatitis patients underwent i.v. glucose tolerance tests during the acute phase of the illness. The results, expressed as the constant of glucose disappearance (Kg), were compared with those of 10 healthy control subjects. When the patients were grouped according to Kg-less than 0.9 or greater than 1.2 min-1-it was found that eight showed a delayed glucose disappearance together with a moderate hypoinsulinemic response (pattern 1). Another eight showed a normal glucose disappearance together with a hyperinsulinemic response (pattern 2). Five patients had intermediate Kg values. High levels of plasma free fatty acids (FFA) were a consistent finding in all patients, indicating that unrestrained lipolysis is an important feature of hepatitis. The extent of decrease in plasma FFA in response to the glucose load was markedly lower in all hepatitis patients than in the control subjects; the rate of decrease was most delayed in the pattern 1 patients. This suggested that the increased FFA availability is an expression of adipose tissue insulin resistance, which, in contrast to glucose disappearance, remains uncompensated by the relative hyperinsulinemia. It may contribute to the diminished peripheral glucose utilization, particularly in pattern 1 patients. We conclude that the different patterns of response in hepatitis may be discerned in one patient group by extending the diagnostic criteria of the glucose tolerance test. In addition to the differences in the magnitude of the peripheral insulin resistance, the main distinction between the two patterns lies in the capacity of the pancreas to adjust insulin secretion in order to maintain normal glucose homeostasis.
<b>A Convenient Synthesis of 19-Norsteroids</b> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Convenient Synthesis of 19-NorsteroidsM. Akhtar and D. H. R. BartonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 8, 1496Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1962https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00867a037RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views149Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (136 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A high-yield GaAs MSI digital IC process (1982)

A planar GaAs digital IC process capable of fabricating MSI level circuits with a high yield has beer. demonstrated. The process has been characterized through extensive evaluation of test structures. Uniformity of process and device parameters is shown by statistical analysis of autoprobe test data on the test key. An empirical model is proposed that correlates process yield to active gate area for typical digital ICs fabricated with the process. Demonstration of such high yields indicates maturity of GaAs process technology.
EGFL7 ligates αvβ3 integrin to enhance vessel formation (2013)

Angiogenesis, defined as blood vessel formation from a preexisting vasculature, is governed by multiple signal cascades including integrin receptors, in particular integrin αVβ3. Here we identify the endothelial cell (EC)-secreted factor epidermal growth factor-like protein 7 (EGFL7) as a novel specific ligand of integrin αVβ3, thus providing mechanistic insight into its proangiogenic actions in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, EGFL7 attaches to the extracellular matrix and by its interaction with integrin αVβ3 increases the motility of EC, which allows EC to move on a sticky underground during vessel remodeling. We provide evidence that the deregulation of EGFL7 in zebrafish embryos leads to a severe integrin-dependent malformation of the caudal venous plexus, pointing toward the significance of EGFL7 in vessel development. In biopsy specimens of patients with neurologic diseases, vascular EGFL7 expression rose with increasing EC proliferation. Further, EGFL7 became upregulated in vessels of the stroke penumbra using a mouse model of reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion. Our data suggest that EGFL7 expression depends on the remodeling state of the existing vasculature rather than on the phenotype of neurologic disease analyzed. In sum, our work sheds a novel light on the molecular mechanism EGFL7 engages to govern physiological and pathological angiogenesis.
Structural Brain MR Imaging Changes Associated with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (2012)

Our study suggests that OCD in MS may be caused by damage in the right frontotemporal cortex.
New Approach to the Synthesis of Bulk and Supported Bimetallic Molybdenum Nitrides (2005)

A new and facile method for the preparation of bulk and MCM41-supported bimetallic molybdenum nitrides is described. Both Ni2Mo3N and Co3Mo3N are prepared in a one-step synthesis without ammonolysis. A mixed-salt precursor containing HMT (HMT = hexamethylenetetramine), Ni (Co) nitrate, and (HMT)2(NH4)4Mo7O24·2H2O is directly converted to bimetallic nitride under a flow of argon at 923 K. The formation process shows that Ni (Co) metal and γ-Mo2N are formed first and that they then transform into the bimetallic nitride phase on remaining at 923 K. The HMT is used as a reducing agent and nitrogen source. The metal salts and HMT are initially contained in the precursor, thus allowing us to obtain bimetallic nitride by a one-step synthesis without ammonolysis. To get high surface catalysts, MCM41-supported bimetallic nitrides have also been successfully prepared with this simple method. The ammonolysis is not a prerequisite here, and the bimetallic molybdenum nitride is facile under mild conditions. The results suggest that this novel method possesses the potential to be a general route for the preparation of bimetallic molybdenum nitrides.
23‐Oxa‐Analogues of OSW‐1 (Ia). Efficient Synthesis and Extremely Potent Antitumor Activity. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Diagnostic and therapeutic problems of isolated systolic hypertension (2014)

Prevalence of isolated systolic hypertension increases with age, due to progressive elevation of SBP, and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Extensive research has shown that lowering SBP improves cardiovascular outcomes in patients with isolated systolic hypertension, yet SBP control rates remain largely inadequate regardless of antihypertensive treatment. Arterial stiffness is a major determinant of elevated SBP resulting from structural changes in the vascular system, mediated by neurohormonal alterations that occur with vascular ageing. Clinical data have demonstrated an independent association between arterial stiffness and cardiovascular outcomes. Therefore, arterial stiffness has the potential to be an important therapeutic target in the management of isolated systolic hypertension. Current antihypertensive treatments have limited effects on arterial stiffness, so the development of new treatments addressing neurohormonal alterations central to vascular ageing is important. Such therapies may represent effective strategies in the future management of SBP.
Glucocorticoid Regulation of Transcription of the c-<i>myc</i>Cellular Protooncogene in P1798 Cells (1987)

Glucocorticoids regulate proliferation of lymphosarcoma P1798 in culture. Treatment with dexamethasone caused a redistribution of cells with respect to the cell cycle. A decrease in cells in S and G2 + M phases was observed. This was accompanied by a corresponding increase in G1 cells. Growth arrest was preceded by a rapid and precipitous decrease in the expression of the cellular c-myc gene. Restriction analysis of the c-myc gene indicated that this locus was neither amplified nor grossly rearranged in P1798 cells. Glucocorticoids caused a decrease in the abundance of c-myc mRNA. After 24 h in 0.1 microM dexamethasone, c-myc mRNA levels declined to less than 5% of control. Fifty percent inhibition occurred within 90 min. The effects of dexamethasone were completely reversible. The amount of c-myc mRNA returned to control levels within 4 h after withdrawal of the hormone. Nuclear run-on transcription analysis indicated that glucocorticoids regulate transcription of the c-myc gene in P1798 cells. Transcription of exons I and II was inhibited to the same extent, suggesting that glucocorticoids inhibit initiation of transcription. Inhibition of transcription may account for decreased expression of c-myc which may, in turn, account for the antiproliferative effects of the hormone.
Fyn and Lyn phosphorylate the Fc receptor γ chain downstream of glycoprotein VI in murine platelets, and Lyn regulates a novel feedback pathway (2000)

Activation of platelets by collagen is mediated by the complex glycoprotein VI (GPVI)/Fc receptor gamma (FcR gamma chain). In the current study, the role of 2 Src family kinases, Fyn and Lyn, in GPVI signaling has been examined using murine platelets deficient in one or both kinases. In the fyn(-/-) platelets, tyrosine phosphorylation of FcR gamma chain, phopholipase C (PLC) activity, aggregation, and secretion are reduced, though the time of onset of response is unchanged. In the lyn(-/-) platelets, there is a delay of up to 30 seconds in the onset of tyrosine phosphorylation and functional responses, followed by recovery of phosphorylation and potentiation of aggregation and alpha-granule secretion. Tyrosine phosphorylation and aggregation in response to stimulation by collagen-related peptide is further attenuated and delayed in fyn(-/-)lyn(-/-) double-mutant platelets, and potentiation is not seen. This study provides the first genetic evidence that Fyn and Lyn mediate FcR immune receptor tyrosine-based activation motif phosphorylation and PLC gamma 2 activation after the ligation of GPVI. Lyn plays an additional role in inhibiting platelet activation through an uncharacterized inhibitory pathway. (Blood. 2000;96:4246-4253)
Masquerading as a Trustworthy Entity through Portable Document File (PDF) Format (2011)

Statistics indicate that more than 1000 phishing attacks are launched every month. With 57 million people hit by the fraudulent attacks so far in America alone, a million-dollar question crops up - how to combat phishing? This paper aims to discuss strategies in the war against phishing. It is an examination of the ways adopted at various levels to counter the crescendo of phishing attacks and new techniques being evolved for the same. All across the globe today, Adobe Portable Document Format stands as the most popularly used and trusted document description format. The overriding objective is to exhaustively explore and evaluate the risk attached to PDF in terms of masquerading as a trustworthy entity which could successfully result in an attack. A few risk reduction security measures at the users' level are also suggested. This work intends to increase the awareness and understanding of the internet user throughout the world. Furthermore, an effort has been put in to even discuss plausible countermeasures. This conceptual paper is definitely expected to contribute to future research on similar and related topics as spin off from this study.
Development of a bird‐deterrent fungal endophyte in turf tall fescue (2010)

Abstract Two Neotyphodium fungal endophyte strains (AR601 and AR604) that produce high levels of ergovaline and loline alkaloids were inoculated into turf tall fescue for the purpose of producing symbioses that deter birds. The endophyte–grass associations were shown to be stably transmitted and, in preliminary experiments, reduced insect and bird numbers at an airport and reduced faecal contamination of a sports field by birds. Cultivar ‘Jackal’ infected with endophyte strain AR601 has been released commercially.
Quantitation of Aurora Kinase A Gene Copy Number in Urine Sediments and Bladder Cancer Detection (2008)

Overexpression of AURKA can cause aneuploidy in urothelial cells, and the AURKA gene copy number is a promising biomarker for detection of bladder cancer.
Scalable multicast representative member selection (2002)

In multicast applications requiring receiver feedback, the primary impediment to receiver-set scalability stems from the feedback implosion problem. Some applications only need feedback from a single, representative receiver. For example, an adaptive video server may only need to know the video quality for the worst receiver. Soliciting a response from a receiver with the specific metric value is difficult because a receiver does not know the metric value at other receivers and, therefore, cannot assess if it should report its metric value. Previous work in feedback aggregation solicits a response from any single receiver, not a receiver with some particular metric characteristic. In addition, existing solutions exhibit high application specificity, allowing very little protocol control. We propose adaptation of two existing approaches to representative selection: backoff timers and probabilistic polls. Both adapted approaches are application independent protocols and allow control over the definition of implosion, probability of implosion, and target metric values. We explicitly consider the inherent tradeoff between implosion and delay.
Pascal, an introduction to methodical programming (1978)

Contents: Part 1 First steps in programming Computers and programming Data: types, constants and variables The data type INTEGER Towards the complete program The data type BOOLEAN Fundamental control structures Programming methodically Part II Further simple data types The data type CHAR Ordinal types The data type REAL Part III Arrays and strings Arrays Packed arrays and strings Part IV Subprograms Functions Procedures Methodical programming with subprograms Part V Further data structures Records Files Methodical programming with data structures Part VI Additional topics Sets Pointers and linked lists Advanced use of subprograms The GOTO statemen.
Hydroxylation of Testosterone by Bacterial Cytochromes P450 Using the<i>Escherichia coli</i>Expression System (2006)

Two hundred thirteen cytochrome P450 (P450) genes were collected from bacteria and expressed based on an Escherichia coli expression system to test their hydroxylation ability to testosterone. Twenty-four P450s stereoselectively monohydroxylated testosterone at the 2alpha-, 2beta-, 6beta-, 7beta-, 11beta-, 12beta-, 15beta-, 16alpha-, and 17-positions (17-hydroxylation yields 17-ketoproduct). The hydroxylation site usage of the P450s is not the same as that of human P450s, while the 2alpha-, 2beta-, 6beta-, 11beta-, 15beta-, 16alpha-, and 17-hydroxylation are reactions common to both human and bacterial P450s. Most of the testosterone hydroxylation catalyzed by bacterial P450s is on the beta face.
Spasticity After Stroke (2003)

Although spasticity seems to contribute to disabilities after stroke, spasticity was present in only 19% of the patients investigated 3 months after stroke. Severe disabilities were seen in almost the same number of nonspastic as spastic patients. These findings indicate that the focus on spasticity in stroke rehabilitation is out of step with its clinical importance. Careful and continual evaluation to establish the cause of the patient's disabilities is essential before a decision is made on the most proper rehabilitation approach.