gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Enantioselective Absorption Using Dielectric Nanospheres (2016)

Separation of enantiomers is crucial to the pharmaceutical and chemical industries, but prevailing chemical methods are economically costly and time-consuming. Illumination with circularly polarized light (CPL) provides a potentially cost-effective and versatile alternative but can achieve only 2% enantiomeric excesses with substantial yield. Here, we theoretically show that high-index dielectric nanoparticles can increase enantiomeric excesses 7 times beyond CPL in free space. Mie theory and a local optimization algorithm indicate that magnetic multipolar Mie resonances supported by submicrometer silicon spheres increase Kuhn's dissymmetry factor 7-fold, compared to CPL in free space. Further, the circular dichroism signal can be enhanced 170-fold. Importantly, these local enhancements maintain the total molecular absorption rate, enabling efficient selective photoexcitation. Even greater enhancements in Kuhn's dissymmetry factor can be achieved with lower loss and higher refractive index nanoparticles. Our results provide a path toward more efficient all-optical chiral resolution techniques.
Kinetic Growth Walk: A New Model for Linear Polymers (1984)

To describe the irreversible growth of linear polymers, we introduce a new type of correlated walk, related to the zero---initiator-concentration limit of the kinetic gelation model. Our model simulates real polymer growth by permitting the walker to form the next bond from the unsaturated monomers at the neighboring sites of its present location. A heuristic kinetic argument of the Flory type suggests a fractal dimension ${d}_{f}=\frac{(d+1)}{2}$, in agreement with our Monte Carlo and series expansion results (including a logarithmic correction at the upper critical dimension ${d}_{c}=3$).
Robust Image Hashing with Tensor Decomposition (2018)

This paper presents a new image hashing that is designed with tensor decomposition (TD), referred to as TD hashing, where image hash generation is viewed as deriving a compact representation from a tensor. Specifically, a stable three-order tensor is first constructed from the normalized image, so as to enhance the robustness of our TD hashing. A popular TD algorithm, called Tucker decomposition, is then exploited to decompose the three-order tensor into a core tensor and three orthogonal factor matrices. As the factor matrices can reflect intrinsic structure of original tensor, hash construction with the factor matrices makes a desirable discrimination of the TD hashing. To examine these claims, there are 14,551 images selected for our experiments. A receiver operating characteristics (ROC) graph is used to conduct theoretical analysis and the ROC comparisons illustrate that the TD hashing outperforms some state-of-the-art algorithms in classification performance between the robustness and discrimination.
Starting and high-speed driving of single-phase flux-reversal motor for vacuum cleaner (2005)

This paper proposes the single-phase flux-reversal motor for a vacuum cleaner. The circuit parameters are determined by using both finite-element method and experimental measurements while a simulation was done by using an equivalent circuit model to derive the dynamic characteristics. Due to the inductance of the coil of high-speed drives, a phase difference occurs between the current and the electromotive force which produces a negative torque that degrades the output. Through simulation, the turn-on angle and turn-off angle that minimize the negative torque are found and simulation results will be compared with the results of the experiment.
Unsaturated polyesters from PET waste: Kinetics of polycondensation (1987)

PET waste was glycolyzed by propylene glycol at different weight ratios. The glycolyzed products were analyzed for hydroxyl value, number average molecular weight, and the amount of free glycol. The glycolyzed products were reacted with maleic anhydride at a hydroxyl to carboxyl ratio of 1.1. The control resin was a general purpose unsaturated polyester prepared by reacting phthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride, and propylene glycol. The heating schedule of the polyesterification was comparable to that normally employed in the industrial process, with two isothermal plateau of 3–4 h at 180 and 200°C. The rate of reactions and rate constants were determined separately at 180 and 200°C. The kinetics of the PET-based unsaturated polyesters was compared with that of the general purpose resin. It was found that the PET waste could be depolymerized by propylene glycol to a molecular weight range of 276–480. The polyesterification reactions followed a third-order kinetics. The rates of polyesterification of PET based systems were higher than that of the general purpose resin. PET-based systems were higher than that of the general purpose resin. PET-based systems took about 10 h to reach an acid value of 32 mg KOH/g whereas the general purpose resin took about 25 h to reach the same acid value.
STUDIES ON THE IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE PROPERTIES OF CYCLOSPORIN A IN RATS RECEIVING RENAL ALLOGRAFTS (1980)

The immunosuppressive effects of cyclosporin A were tested in a DA (RT-1a) to Lewis (RT-1(1) rat renal allograft model, which represents a very strong histocompatibility barrier. Dose-response studies established that oral doses of 5 mg/kg/day or higher gave complete suppression of rejection, while oral doses of 2 mg/kg/day or lower were without effect. Intravenous administration of the drug approximately doubled its potency. Time studies showed that the period of administration was also critical, with a 7- or 14-day treatment course with 5 mg/kg/day orally giving prolonged graft survival, while a 4-day course was without effect. Large doses (up to 25 mg/kg/day orally) from day 4 after transplantation did not prolong graft survival, suggesting that cyclosporin A has no effect on an established rejection response. It was found that the lymphocytotoxin response to the graft was markedly suppressed by doses of cyclosporin A which maintained normal graft function, while lower doses had little or no effect on the lymphocytotoxin response. A cell-mediated immunity assay showed a substantial response, but one that was lower in amplitude from that of control animals. Histological study of 7th day allograft biopsies demonstrated essentially normal kidneys, except for a mild mononuclear cell infiltrate, at higher doses of cyclosporin. Lower doses of cyclosporin gave a picture of rejection no different from that seen in untreated controls. The LD50 of cyclosporin was found to lie between 50 and 100 mg/kg/day orally. Even the higher of these doses did not cause nephrotoxicity as determined biochemically and histologically.
Radiative transfer modeling for the EOS Terra satellite Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument (1999)

This paper describes the radiative transfer modeling effort in support of the EOS Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument. MOPITT is due to be launched on the AM‐1 Terra platform in the summer of 1999 and is a nadir‐viewing gas correlation radiometer designed to measure CO and CH 4 in the troposphere using a CO thermal channel at 4.7 μm and reflected solar channels for CO at 2.3 μm and CH 4 at 2.2 μm. We describe the spectroscopic considerations and radiative transfer studies that have been performed for this instrument and the implications for operational algorithm design. We outline the construction of MOPITT project forward models, both the research codes and the fast transmittance module that forms part of the operational retrieval algorithm. Several different approaches have been considered for these models: full line‐by‐line calculations using the general purpose line‐by‐line transmittance and radiance model GENLN2, absorption coefficient look‐up tables, and regression techniques using a recurrence parameterization of transmittance. These models are capable of reproducing MOPITT channel signals and their dependence on temperature, viewing geometry, and the mixing ratios of target and contaminating gases.
TGF-β triggers rapid fibrillogenesis via a novel TβRII-dependent fibronectin-trafficking mechanism (2017)

Fibronectin (FN) is a critical regulator of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling through its availability and stepwise polymerization for fibrillogenesis. Availability of FN is regulated by its synthesis and turnover, and fibrillogenesis is a multistep, integrin-dependent process essential for cell migration, proliferation, and tissue function. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is an established regulator of ECM remodeling via transcriptional control of ECM proteins. Here we show that TGF-β, through increased FN trafficking in a transcription- and SMAD-independent manner, is a direct and rapid inducer of the fibrillogenesis required for TGF-β-induced cell migration. Whereas TGF-β signaling is dispensable for rapid fibrillogenesis, stable interactions between the cytoplasmic domain of the type II TGF-β receptor (TβRII) and the FN receptor (α5β1 integrin) are required. We find that, in response to TGF-β, cell surface-internalized FN is not degraded by the lysosome but instead undergoes recycling and incorporation into fibrils, a process dependent on TβRII. These findings are the first to show direct use of trafficked and recycled FN for fibrillogenesis, with a striking role for TGF-β in this process. Given the significant physiological consequences associated with FN availability and polymerization, our findings provide new insights into the regulation of fibrillogenesis for cellular homeostasis.
Crystal Structure of a Complex Formed between a Snake Venom Phospholipase A2 and a Potent Peptide Inhibitor Phe-Leu-Ser-Tyr-Lys at 1.8 Å Resolution (2002)

Phospholipase A(2) is an important enzyme involved in the production of prostaglandins and their related compounds causing inflammatory disorders. Among the several peptides tested, the peptide Phe-Leu-Ser-Tyr-Lys (FLSYK) showed the highest inhibition. The dissociation constant (K(d)) for this peptide was calculated to be 3.57 +/- 0.05 x 10(-9) m. In order to further improve the degree of inhibition of phospholipase A(2), a complex between Russells viper snake venom phospholipase A(2) and a peptide inhibitor FLSYK was crystallized, and its structure was determined by crystallographic methods and refined to an R-factor of 0.205 at 1.8 A resolution. The structure contains two crystallographically independent molecules of phospholipase A(2) (molecules A and B) and a peptide molecule specifically bound to molecule A only. The two molecules formed an asymmetric dimer. The dimerization caused a modification in the binding site of molecule A. The overall conformations of molecules A and B were found to be generally similar except three regions i.e. the Trp-31-containing loop (residues 25-34), the beta-wing consisting of two antiparallel beta-strands (residues 74-85) and the C-terminal region (residues 119-133). Out of the above three, the most striking difference pertains to the conformation of Trp-31 in the two molecules. The orientation of Trp-31 in molecule A was suitable for the binding of FLSYK, while it disallowed the binding of peptide to molecule B. The structure of the complex clearly shows that the peptide is so placed in the binding site of molecule A that the side chain of its lysine residue interacted extensively with the enzyme and formed several hydrogen bonds in addition to a strong electrostatic interaction with critical Asp-49. The C-terminal carboxylic group of the peptide interacted with the catalytic residue His-48.
Angiopoietin-2: An Attractive Target for Improved Antiangiogenic Tumor Therapy (2013)

Anti-VEGF pathway therapies primarily target immature blood vessels in tumors. However, emerging approaches to combine with targeted therapies impacting the later stages of remodeling and vessel maturation are expected to improve clinical efficacy by expanding the target vessel population. The angiopoietin/Tie ligand/receptor system is a prototypic regulator of vessel remodeling and maturation. Angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) appears to be a particularly attractive therapeutic target. In fact, the experimental proof-of-concept showing improved efficacy when VEGF and Ang2-targeting therapies are combined has been solidly established in preclinical models, and several Ang2-targeting drugs are in clinical trials. However, rational development of these second-generation combination therapies is hampered by a limited understanding of the biological complexity that is generated from agonistic and antagonistic Ang/Tie signaling. This review discusses recent mechanistic advances in angiopoietin signaling, particularly in light of the recent study published on REGN910 and summarizes the status quo of Ang2-targeting therapies. In light of the clarified partial agonist function of Ang2, we propose that clarity on the expression profile of the angiopoietin ligands and Tie1 and Tie2 receptors in subsets of cancer vessels and cancer cells will provide clearer hypotheses for more focused rational clinical trials to exploit this seminal pathway and improve current antiangiogenic therapies.
A Novel Authentication and Key Agreement Scheme for Wireless Mesh Networks (2009)

Security of wireless mesh networks (WMNs) is critical for their deployment and management. To provide the fundamental user authentication, access control and transmission confidentiality services, authentication and key agreement (AKA) is the crucial issue. In this paper, ECC- based self-certified public key cryptosystem (ECCSCPKC) is introduced for constructing WMNs security infrastructure; and its related security schemes, with a few modifications, are used for designing the AKA protocol. The proposed scheme supports an efficient authentication and key agreement between a mesh client and a mesh router, with less cost of communication and computation resources as well as system maintenance.
A survey of intranasal medication use in the paediatric emergency setting in England and Wales (2010)

For analgesia and sedation in the paediatric setting, intranasal medication is favourable for several reasons, in particular ease of administration and rapid onset of action. A survey was conducted of all Emergency Departments in England and Wales regarding their use of intranasal medication in children. Approximately 50% use intranasal medication, commonly intranasal diamorphine with sporadic use of other opiates. Intranasal midazolam is used for sedation but is less well tolerated than when administered orally. Intranasal diamorphine, however, is safe and effective in the management of pain in the paediatric emergency setting and its ease of administration makes it ideal for use in the already traumatised child.
A GPGPU-based Pipeline for Accelerated Rendering of Point Clouds (2013)

Direct rendering of large point clouds has become common practice in architecture and archaeology in recent years.\nDue to the high point density no mesh is reconstructed from the scanned data, but the points can be rendered directly\nas primitives of a graphics API like OpenGL. However, these APIs and the hardware, which they are based on,\nhave been optimized to process triangle meshes. Although current API versions provide lots of control over the\nhardware, e.g. by using shaders, some hardware components concerned with rasterization of primitives are still\nhidden from the programmer. In this paper we show that it might be beneficial for point primitives to abandon the\nstandard graphics APIs and directly switch to a GPGPU API like OpenCL.
Controllable Direct Arylation: Fast Route to Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical 4,7-Diaryl-5,6-difluoro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole Derivatives for Organic Optoelectronic Materials (2013)

Arylation in the 4- and 7-positions of 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BT) and its monofluoro- (MFBT) and difluoro- (DFBT) derivatives by (hetero)aryl bromides using Pd-catalyzed C–H activation has been investigated. MFBT and DFBT can be diarylated in moderate to high yields (up to 96% for DFBT) by a variety of aryl bromides. DFBT can be sequentially arylated using two different aryl bromides to give differentially substituted DFBT derivatives. The moderate to high yields of doubly arylated MFBT and DFBT and the ability to obtain differentially substituted products can be applied to a variety of organic photonic and electronic materials.
The characteristics of discharged non-point pollutants on Hwa-sung lake inflow streams on precipitation (2010)

The purpose of this study is to estimate the characteristics and pollutant loadings of non- point pollutants that flowed in the streams on precipitation for pollutant loading reduction of Hwa-sung lake inflow streams. Although it has been made an effort to improve the water quality of Hwa-sung basin through the strategies for the preservation of water quality, it is shown that the water quality is not greatly improved. Because it has been industrialized and urbanized near Hwa-sung basin so that it is difficult to reduce the water pollution due to the increase in pollutant loadings of point and non-point sources. In this study, it is investigated the outflow characteristics of non-point pollutants that discharged with storm runoff and estimated the effect of runoff on Hwa-sung basin. The final goal of this study is to utilize the basic information for proper management and strategies of non-point sources on Hwa-sung basin. At the result of inflow streams, Ja-an stream that has the greatest pollutant loadings on precipitation is strongly influenced on the water quantity of Hwa-sung basin. On the other hand, it is shown that Nam-yang stream is strongly influenced on the SS concentration of Hwa- sung basin among them. Also, all streams; Nam-yang, Ja-ahn, Ah-eun stream; has the degree of slope more than or near 1 in the correlation results so that they have strong pollutant loading impact and the concentration of SS is the highest among other pollutants. So, specific studies on
Functional characterization of human SLC41A1, a Mg<sup>2+</sup>transporter with similarity to prokaryotic MgtE Mg<sup>2+</sup>transporters (2005)

We have begun to identify and characterize genes that are differentially expressed with low magnesium. One of these sequences conformed to the solute carrier SLC41A1. Real-time RT-PCR of RNA isolated from renal distal tubule epithelial [mouse distal convoluted tubule (MDCT)] cells cultured in low-magnesium media relative to normal media and in the kidney cortex of mice maintained on low-magnesium diets compared with those animals consuming normal diets confirmed that the SLC41A1 transcript is responsive to magnesium. Mouse SLC41A1 was cloned from MDCT cells, expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, and studied with two-electrode voltage-clamp studies. When expressed in oocytes, SLC41A1 mediates saturable Mg2+ uptake with a Michaelis constant of 0.67 mM. Transport of Mg2+ by SLC41A1 is rheogenic, voltage dependent, and not coupled to Na+ or Cl-. Expressed SLC41A1 transports a range of other divalent cations: Mg2+, Sr2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ba2+, and Cd2+. The divalent cations Ca2+, Mn2+, and Ni2+ and the trivalent ion Gd3+ did not induce currents nor did they inhibit Mg2+ transport. The nonselective cation La3+ abolished Mg2+ uptake. The SLC41A1 transcript is present in many tissues, notably renal epithelial cells, and is upregulated in some tissues with magnesium deficiency. These studies suggest that SLC41A1 is a regulated Mg2+ transporter that might be involved in magnesium homeostasis in epithelial cells.
Ensemble radar precipitation estimation for nowcasting and hydrology in the Alps (2006)

This paper explores the novel idea of generating ensables of radar precipitation estimates.
Inhibitory Conditions of the Tryptic Hydrolysis of p-Nitroanilide by Colloidal Dispersion Formed in the Reaction Mixture (1971)

Inhibitory conditions of the tryptic hydrolyzing activity of benzoyl-dl-arginine p-nitro-anilide were investigated. Trypsin was inhibited probably according to its absorption on a colloidal dispersion which was formed in the reaction mixture containing zinc chelate of o-phenanthroline, the substrate, and phosphate of the buffer constituent over pH 6. Although zinc showed the same effect as its chelate compound did in the higher conc. of the substrate, the presence of more than 2 moles of o-phenanthroline to 1 mole of zinc prevented the formation of the colloidal dispersion. It was also found that skeleton and side chains of o-phenanthroline and its derivatives were influential factors to show inhibitory effects on the hydrolase activity of trypsin.
Distinct gene expression phenotypes of cells lacking Rb and Rb family members. (2003)

The study of tumor suppressor gene function has been aided by the creation of discrete gene alterations in the mouse. One such example can be seen in the study of tumor suppressor gene function in general and the retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor in particular. Because the phenotype of a cell is a direct reflection of the gene activity within that cell, a comprehensive analysis of changes in gene activity resulting from the loss of Rb function has the potential to greatly enhance our understanding of Rb biology. We have used DNA microarray analysis to identify gene expression profiles in wild-type and Rb-null mouse embryo fibroblasts, as well as cells lacking other Rb family members, as an approach to developing a more complete understanding of Rb function. In so doing, we have identified gene expression phenotypes that characterize the loss of Rb function, that distinguish a Rb-null cell from a wild-type cell as well as a p107/p130-null cell, and that identify gene regulatory pathways unique to these events. Importantly, the Rb gene expression patterns can identify murine tumors that result from Rb loss of function. We suggest that this is an approach to the eventual understanding of gene regulatory pathways that define a phenotypic state, including those events that lead to tumor development.
Effects of breathing air containing 3% carbon dioxide, 35% oxygen or a mixture of 3% carbon dioxide/35% oxygen on cerebral and peripheral oxygenation at 150 m and 3459 m (2003)

The effects of gas mixtures comprising supplementary 3% carbon dioxide, 35% oxygen or a combination of 3% CO2 plus 35% O2 in ambient air have been compared on arterial blood gases, peripheral and cerebral oxygenation and middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAV) at 150m and on acute exposure to 3459m in 12 healthy subjects. Breathing 3% CO2 or 35% O2 increased arterial blood oxygen at both altitudes, and the CO2/O2 combination resulted in the most marked rise. MCAV increased on ascent to 3459m, increasing further with 3% CO2 and decreasing with 35% O2 at both altitudes. The CO2/O2 combination resulted in an increase in MCAV at 150m, but not at 3549m. Cerebral regional oxygenation fell on ascent to 3459m. Breathing 3% CO2 or 35% O2 increased cerebral oxygenation at both altitudes, and the CO2/O2 combination resulted in the greatest rise at both altitudes. The combination also resulted in significant rises in cutaneous and muscle oxygenation at 3459m. The key role of carbon dioxide in oxygenation at altitude is confirmed, and the importance of this gas for tissue oxygenation is demonstrated.