gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Editors' Report (1996)

We thank the authors who submitted manuscripts to JAGS in 1995 and thank JAGS' peer reviewers for their part in sustaining both the quality and the timeliness of articles published. We wish to provide you with specific information about JAGS'review process and outcomes for manuscripts submitted. During the first 11 months of 1995, compared with the same period in 1994, there was an increase of approximately 5% in the number of manuscripts submitted to JAGS for review. Nonetheless, our turnaround times for rejection or publication were unchanged from 1994. Forty-five percent of manuscripts submitted in 1995 had only internal editorial review, which nevertheless involved at least two editors. Eighty percent of these manuscripts were rejected, usually within 2 weeks of receipt, and 15%—chiefly solicited editorials—were accepted. These are the same rates observed in 1994 and continue our policy of responding quickly to authors of those manuscripts that had no chance of timely publication, reserving external review for manuscripts more likely to be publishable in the near term. The acceptance rate for all submitted manuscripts is currently 30%, and for those manuscripts that are sent for external review, the acceptance rate is currently at 51%. Our 1995 processing times for manuscripts subject to external review were similar to those observed in 1994: an average of 3 weeks from original receipt of a manuscript to the time it was sent out to at least two reviewers, and another 7 weeks elapsed before the return of all initial reviews. Almost half of all externally reviewed manuscripts were rejected for publication, with approximately 3 months the average time to rejection of externally reviewed manuscripts. Externally reviewed manuscripts accepted for publication had usually undergone at least one revision and resubmission, so most published manuscripts were accepted between 4 and 6 months after their original receipt. Accepted manuscripts were published an average of 4 months after final acceptance. As with all such compilations, these averages include a few accepted manuscripts published more than 10 months after their original receipt, usually because of delays in the revision and resubmission process. In 1995, as in 1994, JAGS' readers witnessed evolving processes of change within and among the Journal's various sections: Clinical Investigation, Clinical Experience, Brief Reports, Progress in Geriatrics, Geriatrics Bioscience, Ethics and Humanities, Public Policy, Special Articles, Editorials, Abstracts, Book Reviews, and Letters to the Editor. Some sections were much changed, others changed very little, but in all we have sought to be responsive to new developments and interests in geriatric care, within the constraints of manuscripts submitted for review. We take this opportunity to solicit your evaluations and advice about these established JAGS sections, as well as your recommendations for development of future sections.
Vinyl Polymerization. 393. Radical Polymerization of Vinyl Monomer Initiated by Aliphatic Aldehyde (1980)

Abstract The homogeneous polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) initiated with butanal (PrCHO), pentanal (BuCHO), and hexanal (C5H11CHO) was carried out in dioxane. It was found that the rate of polymerization can be expressed by Rp=k[MMA]1.5[RCHO]0.5. The polymerization was confirmed to proceed through a radical mechanism. Overall activation energies, when PrCHO, BuCHO, and C5H11CHO were used, were estimated to be 37.2, 36.3, and 36.0 kJ mol−1, respectively. Instead of MMA, many kinds of vinyl monomer were applied. Various methacrylates and acrylates could be polymerized, but not styrene and acrylonitrile. The effect of solvent on the rate of polymerization was studied.
Observations Which Presently Degenerate Into Advice (2010)

In lieu of an abstract, below is the essay's first paragraph.\n"I don't know about you, but I could probably fill an entire book (of indeterminate length) with the small observations, little anecdotes, and pearls of advice that I continually acquire as I live out my days. Instead, I'll just fill about four pages."
ProxImaL (2016)

Computational photography systems are becoming increasingly diverse, while computational resources---for example on mobile platforms---are rapidly increasing. As diverse as these camera systems may be, slightly different variants of the underlying image processing tasks, such as demosaicking, deconvolution, denoising, inpainting, image fusion, and alignment, are shared between all of these systems. Formal optimization methods have recently been demonstrated to achieve state-of-the-art quality for many of these applications. Unfortunately, different combinations of natural image priors and optimization algorithms may be optimal for different problems, and implementing and testing each combination is currently a time-consuming and error-prone process. ProxImaL is a domain-specific language and compiler for image optimization problems that makes it easy to experiment with different problem formulations and algorithm choices. The language uses proximal operators as the fundamental building blocks of a variety of linear and nonlinear image formation models and cost functions, advanced image priors, and noise models. The compiler intelligently chooses the best way to translate a problem formulation and choice of optimization algorithm into an efficient solver implementation. In applications to the image processing pipeline, deconvolution in the presence of Poisson-distributed shot noise, and burst denoising, we show that a few lines of ProxImaL code can generate highly efficient solvers that achieve state-of-the-art results. We also show applications to the nonlinear and nonconvex problem of phase retrieval.
Note on interpolational basis functions in the method of moments (EM scattering) (1990)

Efficient basis sets for the method of moments may be obtained using quasi-localized bandlimited interpolational functions that, broadly speaking, are defined relative to a mean sampling rate that is adjusted to curvature and proximity to edges, thus reflecting the local spatial-frequency bandwidth. Computed scattering data in a number of structures, including perfectly conducting circular and elliptical two-dimensional cylinders as well as a flat infinite strip, indicate that reasonable accuracy can be obtained with an average rate of between 2.5 and 3 basis functions per wavelength. Average sampling rates need not correspond strictly to the bandwidth of the basis functions, and there is considerable latitude with respect to random variation of sampling intervals. Although each basis function typically extends over several sample points, required integrals can be obtained speedily by the use of standard sampling-theoretical methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Studies on the constituents of Scutellaria species. XIV. On the constituents of the roots and the leaves of Scutellaria alpina L. (1991)

From Scutellaria alpina L., two new flavones (I and II) were isolated, together with eighteen known flavonoids. The structures of I and II were shown to be 5, 2', 6'-trihydroxy-6, 7, 8-trimethoxyflavone and 5, 5", 6, 6", 7, 7"-hexahydroxy-8, 8"-biflavone(8, 8"-bibaicalein) on the basis of the chemical and spectral data. Compound I has already been synthesized.
2-Fluoro-4-pyridinylmethyl Analogues of Linopirdine as Orally Active Acetylcholine Release-Enhancing Agents with Good Efficacy and Duration of Action (1998)

In an effort to improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the cognition-enhancer linopirdine (DuP 996), a number of core structure analogues were prepared in which the 4-pyridyl pendant group was systematically replaced with 2-fluoro-4-pyridyl. This strategy resulted in the discovery of several compounds with improved activity in acetylcholine (ACh) release-enhancing assays, in vitro and in vivo. The most effective compound resulting from these studies, 10, 10-bis[(2-fluoro-4-pyridinyl)methyl]-9(10H)-anthracenone (9), is between 10 and 20 times more potent than linopirdine in increasing extracellular hippocampal ACh levels in the rat with a minimum effective dose of 1 mg/kg. In addition to superior potency, 9 possesses an improved pharmacokinetic profile compared to that of linopirdine. The half-life of 9 (2 h) in rats is 4-fold greater than that of linopirdine (0.5 h), and it showed a 6-fold improvement in brain-plasma distribution over linopirdine. On the basis of its pharmacologic, pharmacokinetic, absorption, and distribution properties, 9 (DMP543) has been advanced for clinical evaluation as a potential palliative therapeutic for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Cell Physiometry Tools Based on Dielectrophoresis (2004)

A cell physiometry system is described for characterizing and separating cells, and performing cell-based assays, using dielectrophoresis (DEP). Cells, or mixtures of cells, are suspended in a chamber containing an array of microelectrodes located on the chamber's bottom surface. A sequence of radio frequency signals is automatically applied to the microelectrodes, and images of the DEP-induced motions of the cells are captured and analyzed to determine a characteristic parameter known as the DEP cross-over frequency. Once a cell population has been characterized in this way, the same apparatus can be used to selectively isolate cells for additional biochemical, physical, or genetic analysis. Biochemical labels or bioengineered tags such as fluorescent markers or antibody-coated beads are not required. Cell separations are achieved by “electronically tuning” into the different cell types by superimposing different signal frequencies onto the microelectrodes, using both stationary and traveling wave DEP signals. Examples of separating different types of blood cell are given, together with descriptions of cell-based bioassays that monitor physiological changes that accompany trans-membrane signaling events, apoptosis, and the aging of cell cultures.
Optical residue arithmetic: a correlation approach (1979)

A numerical optical processor is described that performs operations in residue arithmetic. The position coding used to represent decimal and residue numbers allows one to describe the various conversions and operations in a correlation formulation. This description of residue arithmetic leads directly to novel residue adder and decimal/residue/decimal converter designs, which are described and experimentally demonstrated. The accuracy, dynamic range also discussed.
Structures of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Cell-Wall Complexes with Vancomycin, Eremomycin, and Chloroeremomycin Derivatives by <sup>13</sup>C{<sup>19</sup>F} and <sup>15</sup>N{<sup>19</sup>F} Rotational-Echo Double Resonance (2006)

Solid-state NMR has been used to examine isolated cell walls and intact whole cells of Staphylococcus aureus complexed to five different vancomycin, eremomycin, and chloroeremomycin derivatives. The cell walls and whole cells were specifically labeled with d-[1-(13)C]alanine, or a combination of [1-(13)C]glycine and [epsilon-(15)N]lysine. Each of the bound glycopeptides had a (19)F-labeled substituent at either its C-terminus or its disaccharide position. The (13)C{(19)F} rotational-echo double-resonance (REDOR) dephasing for the cell-wall (13)C-labeled bridging pentaglycyl segment connecting a glycopeptide-complexed peptidoglycan stem with its neighboring stem indicates that the fluorine labels for all bound glycopeptides are positioned at one or the other end of the bridge. An exception is N'-(p-trifluoromethoxybenzyl)chloroeremomycin, whose hydrophobic substituent differs in length by one phenyl group compared to that of oritavancin, N'-4-[(4-chlorophenyl)benzyl)]chloroeremomycin. For this drug, the fluorine label is near the middle of the pentaglycyl segment. (15)N{(19)F} REDOR dephasing shows the proximity of the fluorine to the bridge-link site of the pentaglycyl bridge for C-terminus-substituted moieties and the cross-link site for disaccharide-substituted moieties. Full-echo REDOR spectra of cell-wall complexes from cells labeled by d-[1-(13)C]alanine (in the presence of an alanine racemase inhibitor) reveal three different carbonyl carbon chemical-shift environments, arising from the d-Ala-d-Ala binding site and the d-Ala-Gly-1 cross-link site. The REDOR results indicate a single fluorine dephasing center in each peptidoglycan complex. Molecular models of the mature cell-wall complexes that are consistent with internuclear distances obtained from (13)C{(19)F} and (15)N{(19)F} REDOR dephasing allow a correlation of structure and antimicrobial activity of the glycopeptides.
ChemInform Abstract: An NMR Study of He<sub>2</sub> Inside C<sub>70</sub>. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Chemistry of Butenolides (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of ButenolidesY. Shyamsunder RaoCite this: Chem. Rev. 1964, 64, 4, 353–388Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60230a002https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60230a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1343Altmetric-Citations168LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The residual repair capacity of xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C fibroblasts is highly specific for transcriptionally active DNA (1990)

We have measured removal of pyrimidine dimers in defined DNA sequences in confluent and actively growing normal human and xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XP-C) fibroblasts exposed to 10 J/m2 UV-irradiation. In normal fibroblasts 45% and 90% of the dimers are removed from the transcriptionally active adenosine deaminase (ADA) gene within 4 and 24 hours after irradiation respectively. Equal repair efficiencies are found in fragments located entirely within the transcription unit or partly in the 3' flanking region of the ADA gene. The rate and extent of dimer removal from the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene is very similar to that of the ADA gene. Repair of the transcriptionally inactive 754 locus is less efficient: 18% and 52% of the dimers are removed within 4 and 24 hours respectively. In spite of the limited overall repair capacity, confluent XP-C fibroblasts efficiently remove dimers from the ADA and DHFR genes: about 90% and 50% within 24 hours respectively. The 3' end of the ADA gene is repaired as efficiently as in normal human fibroblasts, but less efficient repair occurs in DNA fragments located in the DHFR gene and at the 5' end of the ADA gene. Repair of the inactive 754 locus does not exceed the very slow rate of dimer removal from the genome overall. Confluent and actively growing XP-C cells show similar efficiencies of repair of the ADA, DHFR and 754 genes. Our findings suggest the existence of two independently operating pathways directed towards repair of pyrimidine dimers in either active or inactive chromatin. XP-C cells have lost the capacity to repair inactive chromatin, but are still able to repair active chromatin.
The Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator Forms Macromolecular Complexes with PDZ Domain Scaffold Proteins (2004)

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), an epithelial Cl- channel defective in cystic fibrosis, is localized at the apical membrane of epithelial cells. CFTR interacts with a number of ion channels (outwardly rectifying chloride channels, epithelial sodium channels, and inwardly rectifying potassium channels), protein kinases A and C, and putative protein phosphatases and ATP transporters. These data suggest that CFTR may exist in macromolecular complexes with these and other scaffolding proteins at the apical membrane. PDZ domain proteins have been shown to localize and cluster CFTR in the Golgi and at the plasma membrane. This review highlights the role of PDZ domain proteins in regulating the trafficking and processing of CFTR.
DCT domain filter for ATV down conversion (1997)

There has been a lot of interest in ATV down-conversion for cheaper implementation of ATV. Instead of expensive high definition monitors, down conversion allows using inexpensive existing monitors such as NTSC or 525 progressive monitors by converting a high definition input picture into a lower resolution picture. Low pass filtering is necessary prior to downsampling. Truncation of high DCT coefficients is a commonly used practice. The proposed DCT filter is a suboptimal filter which is equivalent to a block mirror filter in the spatial domain, but with less hardware.
A One-Microsecond Adder Using One-Megacycle Circuitry (1956)

An analysis of the functional representation of the carry digits in the addition process shows that the one-megacycle circuitry of SEAC and DYSEAC can be organized logically to permit the formation of many successive carries simultaneously. The Boolean expression for any carry digit Ck can be expanded so as to be an explicit function of only the input digits of orders k to k-p+1 and of the carry digit Ck-p. Certain factorizations can then be made to simplify these expressions so that all of them fall within the limitations on the gating complexity imposed by the circuitry. A parallel adder utilizing this principle is developed which is capable of adding two 53-bit numbers in one microsecond, with relatively few additional components over those required in a parallel adder of more conventional design.
Pupal Descriptions of Some Cleptoparasitic Bees (Apidae), with a Preliminary Generic Key to Pupae of Cleptoparasitic Bees (Apoidea) (2000)

Pupae of the following cleptoparasitic Apidae are described and compared with pupae of other cleptoparasitic members in that family: Neolarra (Neolarra) californica Michener and N. (Phileremulus) vigilans (Cockerell) (Neolarrini); Holcopasites (Trichopasites) insoletus (Linsley) (Ammobatoidini); Osiris pallidus Smith? (Osirini); Mesoplia (Mesoplia) rufipes (Perty) and M. (Eumelissa) species (Ericrocidini); Isepeolus viperinus (Holmberg) (Isepeolini); and Xeromelecta (Melectomorpha) californica (Cresson) and Thyreus species? (Melectini). Pupae of the Neolarrini and Ammobatoidini have not been described before, nor has the pupa of Mesoplia although the pupa of the related Ericrocis is known. The pupa of Isepeolus was briefly described before but not illustrated. The pupa of Xeromelecta californica was illustrated earlier but not described. A preliminary generic key to known pupae of cleptoparasitic Apoidea exclusive of the Sphecidae is presented.
Format-compliant jpeg2000 encryption with combined packet header and packet body protection (2007)

All proposals for format-compliant encryption schemes for JPEG2000 that have been made to date only encrypt packet body data, but leave packet header data in plaintext. In this paper we show that for providing strict confidentiality, leaving the packet header in plaintext severely compromises the security of these schemes, as discriminative - and for some settings even visual - information can be extracted from the header. We propose a set of format-compliant transformations of the packet header data that confines this information leakage. Furthermore, we discuss to what extent the proposed header protection scheme may be used to increase the performance of partial/selective encryption schemes that, rather than providing full confidentiality, trade off security for a decrease in computational demands.
Citizenship Education and Diversity (2001)

In the first part of this article, the author argues that teachers should help students to develop a delicate balance of cultural, national, and global identifications because of the rich diversity in the United States and throughout the world. To help students become effective citizens, teachers need to acquire reflective cultural, national, and global identifications. In the second part of this article, the author describes how he tries to help the students in one of his teacher education courses to challenge and critically examine their cultural and national identifications.
Circulating Levels of Inflammatory Markers in Intrauterine Growth Restriction (2010)

We aimed to investigate possible alterations in circulating levels of the perinatal stress markers high sensitivity (hs)-CRP, PAI-1, and S100B--probably reflecting brain and adipose tissue inflammation--in intrauterine growth-restricted-(IUGR) and appropriate-for-gestational-age-(AGA) pregnancies, given that these groups differ in fat mass and metabolic mechanisms involving aseptic inflammation. Serum hs-CRP, PAI-1, and S100B levels were measured in 40 mothers, and their 20 AGA and 20 IUGR full-term fetuses and neonates on postnatal days 1 and 4. hs-CRP, PAI-1, and S100B levels did not differ at all time points between AGA and IUGR groups. We conclude that the lack of difference in hs-CRP, PAI-1 and S100B levels, between IUGR and AGA fetuses/neonates--despite the lower birth weight, reflecting reduced fat mass in the former--might indicate more intense adipose tissue and nervous system inflammation in IUGRs. However, implication of other inflammation-related mechanisms, common in the IUGR state (e.g. preeclampsia), cannot be excluded.
An ultrasonic air temperature measurement system with self-correction function for humidity (2005)

This paper proposes an ultrasonic measurement system for air temperature with high accuracy and instant response. It can measure the average temperature of the environmental air by detecting the changes of the speed of the ultrasound in the air. The changes of speed of sound are computed from combining variations of time-of-flight (TOF) from a binary frequency shift-keyed (BFSK) ultrasonic signal and phase shift from continuous waves [11]. In addition, another proposed technique for the ultrasonic air temperature measurement is the self-correction functionality within a highly humid environment. It utilizes a relative humidity/water vapour sensor and applies the theory of how sound speed changes in a humid environment. The proposed new ultrasonic air temperature measurement has the capability of self-correction for the environment variable of humidity. Especially under the operational environment with high fluctuations of various humidity levels, the proposed system can accurately self-correct the errors on the conventional ultrasonic thermometer caused by the changing density of the vapours in the air. Including the high humidity effect, a proof-of-concept experiment demonstrates that in dry air (relative humidity, RH = 10%) without humidity correction, it is accurate to ±0.4 °C from 0 °C to 80 °C, while in highly humid air (relative humidity, RH = 90%) with self-correction functionality, it is accurate to ±0.3 °C from 0 °C to 80 °C with 0.05% resolution and temperature changes are instantly reflected within 100 ms.