gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide and Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-activating Polypeptide Inhibit Tumor Necrosis Factor α Transcriptional Activation by Regulating Nuclear Factor-kB and cAMP Response Element-binding Protein/c-Jun (1998)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), an early cytokine produced by activated macrophages, plays an essential role in normal and pathological inflammatory reactions. The excessive production of TNFalpha is prevented by the so-called "macrophage-deactivating factors." This study examines the role of two structurally related neuropeptides, the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP), as inhibitors of TNFalpha. Both VIP and PACAP inhibit TNFalpha production from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 246.7 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Although the activated cells express mRNA for all three VIP/PACAP receptors, agonist and antagonist studies indicate that the major receptor involved is VIP1R. VIP/PACAP inhibit TNFalpha gene expression by affecting both NF-kB binding and the composition of the cAMP responsive element binding complex (CREB/c-Jun). Two transduction pathways, a cAMP-dependent and a cAMP-independent pathway, are involved in the inhibition of TNFalpha gene expression and appear to differentially regulate the transcriptional factors involved. Because TNFalpha plays a central role in various inflammatory diseases such as endotoxic shock, multiple sclerosis, cerebral malaria, and various autoimmune conditions, the down-regulatory effect of VIP/PACAP may have a significant therapeutic potential.
Pityriasis lichenoides and lymphomatoid papulosis. (1992)

The clinical features, histopathology, immunopathology, and management of pityriasis lichenoides and lymphomatoid papulosis are discussed, with particular emphasis on the pediatric aspects of these conditions. The difficulties in logically separating pityriasis lichenoides into an acute (pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta) and a chronic (pityriasis lichenoides chronical) form are addressed. The development of lymphoreticular malignancy in patients with lymphomatoid papulosis has been well documented, but pityriasis lichenoides has characteristically been regarded as a benign condition. However, recent reports of the development of large plaque parapsoriasis in patients with pityriasis lichenoides have led to a reconsideration. Some of these patients were in the pediatric age group. Although there are significant clinical, histopathological, and immunopathological differences between pityriasis lichenoides and lymphomatoid papulosis, the demonstration of similar clonal T cell receptor gene rearrangements and the confirmation of the potentially premalignant nature of both suggests that there may indeed be an interrelationship between these two controversial entities. Close follow-up of patients with both of these conditions is recommended, with observation being discontinued only when the patient has been free of lesions for several years.
An analysis of the effective radiation efficiency of the normal mode helical antenna close to the human abdomen at 150 MHz and consideration of efficiency improvement (2002)

Abstract In this paper, a new radiation efficiency based on the available power is defined with regard to a normal mode helical antenna at 150 MHz placed close to the human abdomen, so that the power loss caused by impedance mismatch and by the resistance of the antenna itself can be taken into consideration in the treatment. In this way, the variation of the effective radiation efficiency of the antenna in a practical situation caused by the antenna length and the distance to the human body is analytically derived. Further, by deriving the loss power in each section, the factors causing degradation of the radiation efficiency are analyzed and the mechanisms for efficiency degradation are clarified. Based on the results, the possibility of improved radiation efficiency of the antenna near the human body is discussed. It is shown that the radiation efficiency of the antenna near the body is less than −20 dB, that its main cause is impedance mismatch, and that improvement of the radiation efficiency by more than 10 dB is possible by always maintaining conjugate match near the human body. These findings are experimentally confirmed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(8): 23–33, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecja.1115
A Synthesizable VHDL Model of the Exact Solution for Three‐dimensional Hyperbolic Positioning System (2001)

This paper presents a synthesizable VHDL model of a three‐dimensional hyperbolic positioning system algorithm. The algorithm obtains an exact solution for the three‐dimensional location of a mobile given the locations of four fixed stations (like a global positioning system [GPS] satellite or a base station in a cell) and the signal time of arrival (TOA) from the mobile to each station. The detailed derivation of the steps required in the algorithm is presented. A VHDL model of the algorithm was implemented and simulated using the IEEE numeric_std package. Signals were described by a 32‐bit vector. Simulation results predict location of the mobile is off by 1 m for best case and off by 36 m for worst case. A C + + program using real numbers was used as a benchmark for the accuracy and precision of the VHDL model. The model can be easily synthesized for low power hardware implementation.
Collaboration in transportation (2008)

In this thesis, we investigate synergies between participants in transportation and distribution systems and we explore collaborative approaches to exploit these synergies to reduce transportation and distribution costs. We study collaboration in two environments: truckload transportation and vendor management inventory replenishment.\n\nThe first part of the thesis addresses the cost allocation problem of a collaborative truckload transportation procurement network. We study a logistics network where shippers identify collaborative routes with few empty truck movements to negotiate better rates with a common carrier. We investigate how to allocate the cost\nsavings of these routes among the members of the collaboration.\n\nIn the second part of the thesis, we investigate collaboration opportunities among carriers. When several carriers have to satisfy truckload transportation requests from various shippers,\nthey may reduce their transportation costs by exchanging requests. First, we focus on computing the minimum cost to satisfy all requests. Next, we develop and analyze various exchange mechanisms\nthat allow carriers to exchange requests in order to realize some of the potential costs savings.\n\nIn the last part of the thesis, we study VMI replenishment. Simple cost allocation methods ignore synergies between the customers, due to their locations, usage rates, and storage capacities. As a result, the price charged to a customer for distribution does not represent the actual cost of serving that customer. We design a\nmechanism capable of computing a cost-to-serve for each customer that properly accounts for the synergies among customers.
Reduction of Roof Wind Loads by Architectural Features (1997)

The devastating impact of Hurricane Andrew on the low-rise buildings of southern Florida and coastal Louisiana [Refs. 1 and 2] illustrated that destructive winds may produce very high pressures at some specific locations on a domestic home or light industrial/commercial structure. This study shows that the use of vertical porous screens across the roof comers on this style of building will dramatically reduce the local and area-averaged uplift loads that have to be resisted by the roof. Full-scale and wind-tunnel modelling research is discussed which shows that the regions of extreme uplift on a roof are due to the corner vortices lying on the roof surface. The wind tunnel was then used to investigate the impact of various rigid gauze screens on the formation of these vortices. Ten screen shapes were investigated, each of which reduces the wind uplift loads to varying degrees and may also be an architecturally acceptable addition to the design of a low-rise building.
Identification of an RNA sequence within an intracisternal-A particle element able to replace Rev-mediated posttranscriptional regulation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (1997)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication depends on the posttranscriptional regulation by the viral Rev protein and can be replaced with the posttranscriptional RNA control element (CTE) of the type D simian retroviruses. We have identified a sequence which shares only nucleotide sequences of the internal loops and secondary structure with the CTE and which is part of a novel murine intracisternal-A particle (IAP) retroelement, inserted within the transcribed mouse osteocalcin-related gene. This sequence, named CTE(IAP), can replace the Rev-mediated regulation of HIV-1, hence it is a posttranscriptional regulatory element. Related elements have been identified in other IAPs. These results suggest that insertional mutagenesis can affect gene expression by providing a functional posttranscriptional control element. The CTE(IAP) and CTEs of the type D simian retroviruses represent a novel class of RNA elements characterized by unique sequences within the internal loops which are predicted to represent the interaction site with cellular factor(s). These findings suggest that such elements may be involved in posttranscriptional regulation of cellular mRNAs.
Nonlinear Equalizer for 112-Gb/s SSB-PAM4 in 80-km Dispersion Uncompensated Link (2017)

We present a blindly adaptive nonlinear channel equalizer that effectively compensates nonlinearity in SSB-PAM4 transceiver components. The proposed scheme is demonstrated over 56GBaud PAM4 transmission over 80km dispersion uncompensated link with low BER near 10-4.
Being Scottish: a cultural overview (2003)

There has been a change in atmosphere in Scotland since the opening of the Scottish Parliament in 1999. This article describes some aspects of the country’s cultural background and the route taken to get there, as well as current trends in the Scottish library world.
Detection of an explosive simulant via electrical impedance spectroscopy utilizing the UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub> metal–organic framework (2016)

Electrical impedance spectroscopy, in conjunction with the metal-organic framework (MOF) UiO-66-NH<sub>2</sub>, is used to detect trace levels of the explosive simulant 2,6-dinitrotoluene. The combination of porosity and functionality of the MOF provides an effective dielectric structure, resulting in changes of impedance magnitude and phase angle. The promising data indicate that MOFs may be used in low-cost, robust explosive detection devices.
Overexpression, purification, and characterization of recombinant human 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate synthetase isozymes I and II (1993)

Human 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate synthetase isozymes I and II (PRSI and PRSII) have been isolated independently and characterized in pure form. cDNAs for PRSI and PRSII were overexpressed in an Escherichia coli strain which lacks the bacterial 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate synthetase. The recombinant isoforms were purified to virtual homogeneity with specific activities of 25.0 and 35.7 units/mg, respectively, values which are 5-10-fold higher than any previously reported for this enzyme from human sources. Despite 95% amino acid sequence identity, the isoforms differed significantly in several physical and kinetic properties. PRSII was more sensitive to heat inactivation at 55 degrees C and more susceptible to disaggregation to inactive forms in the absence of Mg2+ and ATP than was PRSI. The isoforms were separable on the basis of isoelectric point. PRSI and PRSII also differed significantly in Km values for MgATP and ribose 5-phosphate, pH optima, and Mg2+ and Pi activation curves. PRSII was less sensitive to feedback inhibition by purine nucleotides and more sensitive to inhibition by 2,3-diphosphoglycerate than PRSI. Differences in kinetic properties between PRSI and PRSII are consistent with the suggestion that PRSII predominates in rapidly proliferating cells.
A Key Amino Acid Responsible for Substrate Selectivity of Monoamine Oxidase A and B (1997)

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) oxidizes biologically important amines including neurotransmitters and plays a central role in the regulation of intracellular level of these amines. Two distinct forms of MAO (MAO A and MAO B) were defined based on differences in substrate and inhibitor specificities. We earlier reported that the region between about residues 120 and 220 of rat MAO is responsible for determination of the substrate selectivity of MAO A and B (Tsugeno, Y. Hirashiki, I., Ogata, F., and Ito, A. (1995) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 118, 974-980). To determine the essential amino acids in this region that participate in substrate recognition, a series of mutant enzymes in which amino acid residues that are conserved among various species but are different between the two forms of the enzyme were replaced with the corresponding amino acids of the counterpart and were engineered from the cDNAs of rat liver MAO A and B, and affinities for several substrates were examined. A single mutation in which Phe-208 in MAO A was substituted by the corresponding residue of Ile in MAO B was sufficient to convert the A-type substrate selectivity, and the reverse was exactly the case. Phe at this position was replaceable with Tyr for the A-type specificity and Ile was replaceable with Val and Ala for the B-type. Thus, aromatic and aliphatic residues seem to contribute to render substrate selectivity of MAO A and MAO B, respectively.
Clinical Choices for Circulatory Assist Devices (1990)

Approximately 1.0% of open heart surgery patients become unweanable from cardiac bypass during the surgical procedure. In addition, nearly 20% of patients accepted for cardiac transplantation die while waiting for a donor heart. Pulsatile pneumatic ventricular assist devices (VADs) provide a realistic solution to these dilemmas. Currently, there are five manufacturers who are competing for the major market share in the clinical use of these devices. Novacor, Thermetics, Thoratec, Symbion, and Abiomed all have competitive VAD systems. Because no one system is optimal for all patients, the limitations, similarities, and strengths of each system should be known to enhance the patient's outcome when using these devices. Successful use of VAD systems, either as a bridge to transplantation or to ventricular recovery, is best approached by adherence to strict patient selection. Once instituted, VAD management centers on detailed attention to anticoagulation and prompt diagnosis and treatment of various complications.
The Effects of Blinding on Acceptance of Research Papers by Peer Review (1994)

Blinded reviewers and editors in this study, but not nonblinded reviewers, gave better scores to authors with more previous articles. These results suggest that blinded reviewers may provide more unbiased reviews and that nonblinded reviewers may be affected by various types of bias.
Composition of conditional random fields for transfer learning (2005)

Many learning tasks have subtasks for which much training data exists. Therefore, we want to transfer learning from the old, general-purpose subtask to a more specific new task, for which there is often less data. While work in transfer learning often considers how the old task should affect learning on the new task, in this paper we show that it helps to take into account how the new task affects the old. Specifically, we perform joint decoding of separately-trained sequence models, preserving uncertainty between the tasks and allowing information from the new task to affect predictions on the old task. On two standard text data sets, we show that joint decoding outperforms cascaded decoding.
New Visual Servoing Control Strategies in Tracking Tasks Using a PKM (2010)

In this work the full architecture of the Robotenis system and a novel structure of visual control were shown in detail. In this article no results are shown but the more important elements to control and simulate the robot and visual controller were described. Two kinematic models were described in order to obtain two different jacobians were each jacobian is used in different tasks: the System simulator and the real time controller. By means of the condition index of the robot jacobians some singularities of the robot are obtained. In real time tasks the above solution and the condition index of the second jacobian are utilized to bound the work space and avoid singularities, in this work if some point forms part or is near of a singularity then the robot stop the end effector movement and waits to the next target point. Inverse dynamics of the robot is obtained by means of the Lagrange multipliers. The inverse dynamics is used in a non linear feed forward in order to improve the PD joint controller. Although improvement of the behaviour of the robot in notorious, in future works is important to measure how the behaviour is modified when the dynamics fed forward is added and when is not. The trajectory planner is added with two principal objectives: the trajectory planner assures that the robot capabilities are not exceeded and assures that the robot moves softly. The trajectory planner takes into account the movements of the end effector, this consideration has drawbacks: the principal is that the maximum end-effector capabilities are not necessarily the maximum joint capabilities, depends on the end effector position. Above drawbacks suggest redesigning the trajectory planner in order to apply to the joint space, this as another future work. Above elements are used in the visual controller and the robot controller has to satisfied the visual controller requirements. Thanks to the joint controller the robot is supposed stable and its response is considered faster than the visual system. Two cases are presented in this paper: the static case that is exposed in other works and some results and videos are shown, the another controller is called the dynamic case. An objective of the system is to play ping pong by itself and the controller of the dynamic case was specially designed in order to
Temperature Instability of Resistive Switching on $ \hbox{HfO}_{x}$-Based RRAM Devices (2010)

In this letter, the temperature instability of HfO <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</i> -based resistive switching memory is investigated. It is observed that with the increase of high temperature (up to 100 °C in this work), the leakage current of high-resistance state would increase, and the set/reset voltages would decrease. In addition, multibit switching exhibited at room temperature might not be retained with the increase of temperature. All these phenomena can be correlated with oxygen-vacancy-related trap formation and annihilation.
Full chip correction of EUV design (2010)

Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (EUVL) is currently the most promising technology for advanced manufacturing nodes: it recently demonstrated the feasibility of 32nm and 22nm node devices, and pre-production tools are expected to be delivered by 2010. Generally speaking, EUVL is less in need of Optical Proximity Correction (OPC) as compared to 193nm lithography, and the device feasibility studies were indeed carried out with limited or no correction. However, a rigorous optical correction strategy and an appropriate Electronic Design Automation (EDA) infrastructure is critical to face the challenges of the 22nm node and beyond, and EUV-specific effects such as flare and shadowing have to be fully integrated in the correction flow and properly tested. This study aims to assess in detail the quality of a full chip optical correction for a EUV design, as well to discuss the available approaches to compensate for EUV-specific effects. Extensive data sets have been collected on the ASML EUV Alpha-Demo Tool (ADT) using the latest IMEC baseline resist Shin-Etsu SEVR59. In total about 1300 CD measurements at wafer level and 700 at mask level were used as input for model calibration and validation. The smallest feature size in the data set was 32nm. Both one-dimensional and two-dimensional structures through CD and pitch were measured. The mask used in this calibration exercise allowed the authors to modulate flare by varying tiling densities within the range expected in the final design. The OPC model was fitted and validated against the CD data collected on the EUV ADT. The shadowing effect was modeled by means of a single bias correction throughout the design. Horizontal and vertical features of different type through pitch and CD were used to calibrate the shadowing correction, and the extent of the validity of the single bias approach is discussed. In addition, the quality of the generated full-chip flare maps has been tested against experimental results, and the model has been validated in the full flare range available within the mask. The model calibration yielded an RMS of about 1nm, and a EUV mask fully corrected for OPC, flare and shadowing was finally fabricated and qualified.
THE UPTAKE OF [<sup>3</sup>H]GABA BY SLICES OF RAT CEREBRAL CORTEX (1968)

Abstract —A rapid accumulation of [ 3 H]GABA occurs in slices of rat cerebral cortex incubated at 25° or 37° in a medium containing [ 3 H]GABA. Tissue medium ratios of almost 100:1 are attained after a 60 min incubation at 25°. At the same temperature no labelled metabolites of GABA were found in the tissue or the medium. The process responsible for [ 3 H]GABA uptake has many of the properties of an active transport mechanism: it is temperature sensitive, requires the presence of sodium ions in the external medium, is inhibited by dinitrophenol and ouabain, and shows saturation kinetics. The estimated K m value for GABA is 2·2 × 10 −5 m , and V max is 0·115 μmoles/min/g cortex. There is only negligible efflux of the accumulated [ 3 H]GABA when cortical slices are exposed to a GABA‐free medium. [ 3 H]GABA uptake was not affected by the presence of large molar excesses of glycine, l ‐glutamic acid, l ‐aspartic acid, or β‐aminobutyrate, but was inhibited in the presence of l ‐alanine, l ‐histidine, β‐hydroxy‐GABA and β‐guanidinopropionate. It is suggested that the GABA uptake system may represent a possible mechanism for the inactivation of GABA or some related substance at inhibitory synapses in the cortex.
A novel high frequency single-sideband transmitter using constant-envelope modulation (2002)

A technique for single-sideband generation has been developed that obtains the desired output as the sum of three or more constant envelope signals. The summation may be performed by a passive summing network, or in space as the output of an antenna array in a particular direction. This paper describes a practical implementation of the technique, with lower sideband output at 7.2 MHz. Four constant-envelope signals from hard-limiting differential amplifiers drive a passive combiner to obtain +16 dBm peak-envelope-power lower-sideband. All undesired outputs are suppressed more than 30 dB. System requirements for high-power high-efficiency operation are discussed.