gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Developing T Cell Cancer Immunotherapy in the Dog with Lymphoma (2014)

Immunotherapy is not a new concept for veterinary medicine; however, adoptive T cell therapy is a new area of research in humans and canines alike. In humans, T cell therapy has been used against many different tumor histologies, including lymphoma, melanoma, and colon cancer. Although in dogs this approach has currently only been applied to lymphoma, other tumor types are under investigation. There are many different strategies used to take advantage of cell-mediated antitumor properties of T cells. This review will discuss many of the current strategies used in both humans and canines in regards to adoptive T cell therapy.
All-Spin Logic Device With Inbuilt Nonreciprocity (2011)

The need for low-power alternatives to digital electronic circuits has led to increasing interest in logic devices where information is stored in nanomagnets. This includes both nanomagnetic logic, where information is communicated through magnetic fields of nanomagnets, and all-spin logic (ASL), where information is communicated through spin currents. A key feature needed for logic implementation is nonreciprocity, whereby the output is switched according to the input but not the other way around, thus providing directed information transfer. The objective of this paper is to draw attention to possible ASL-based schemes that utilize the physics of spin-torque to build in nonreciprocity, as in transistors, that could allow logic implementation without the need for special clocking schemes. We use an experimentally benchmarked coupled spin-transport/magnetization-dynamics model to show that a suitably engineered single ASL unit indeed switches in a nonreciprocal manner. We then present heuristic arguments explaining the origin of this directed information transfer. Finally, we present simulations showing that individual ASL devices can be cascaded to construct a ring oscillator circuit, which provides a clear signature of inbuilt directionality.
Inventory by compartments using radar-derived stand profiles (2002)

The accuracy of forest inventory by compartments using radar-derived stand profiles is investigated by applying multivariate statistical methods. The radar-derived stand profiles were produced by a helicopter-borne ranging scatterometer. The following stand characteristics are evaluated using radar data: mean height, stem volume per hectare, basal area per hectare, development class, land class, bog type and fertility class. The accuracy of the method is compared with accuracies of other existing remote sensing methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Darstellung und Eigenschaften einiger Block‐ und Zweig‐Mischpolymerisate (1955)

Abstract Neben der „geordneten”︁ und der „ungeordneten”︁ Mischpolymerisation gewinnt die Herstellung von Block‐ bzw. Pfropf‐Mischpolymeren an Interesse. Sie ermöglichen die Kombination spezifischer Monomereneigenschaften. An ausgewählten Beispielen werden diese neuen Polymerisationsverfahren beschrieben. Es scheint sich die Möglichkeit abzuzeichnen, durch Blockpolymerisation verbesserte Faserbildner zu synthetisieren.
Combination and Positional Distribution of Fatty Acids in Plant Sulfolipids (1973)

The positional distribution of fatty acidsin the sulfolipids from five different plant specieswas analyzed by using a lipase from-the fungusRhizopus delemar. Palmitic acid, which is a majorcomponent of all the sulfolipids, was esterified pre-ferentially at C-2 of glycerol. Gas-liquid chromato-graphy of trimethylsilyl ethers of hydrogenatedsulfolipids (sulfonic acid as methyl ester) showedthe distribution of various possible species resultingfrom pairing of fatty acids. In all sulfolipids in-vestigated the major species was l'-0-stearoyl-2'-0-palmitoyl-3'-0-(6-deoxy-6-sulfo-α-D-glucopyra-nosyl)-sn-glycerol. In contrast to the galactolipids,dipalmitoyl species were also present. Nuclearmagnetic resonance spectra of the triacetates ofsulfolipid methyl esters from 4 different plant speciesconfirmed that all had the same structure and hadthe gluco-configuration. In addition, positionaldistribution of fatty acids in several digalactosyldiacylglycerols was investigated. In these lipidspalmitic acid does not show a specific distribution. The present findings and other data demonstratethat in higher plants the main species of the variouspolar lipids have different diacylglycerol moieties
Estimativa da producao de Mytella falcata e de M. guyanensis em bancos naturais do estuario de Ilha Comprida SP Brasil (2003)

The purpose of this paper was to estimate the natural stocks of Mytella falcata (D’Orbgny, 1846) and M. guyanensis (Lamarck, 1819) in the Ilha Comprida estuary, and then, to determine the distribution by length class and to quantify the mussels. This survey was conducted from September 2000 to August 2001. The mussel’s beds located between Pedrinhas district and Boguacu river, in the Ilha Comprida and Iguape counties, were identified. In 13 places where the mussels occurred, a number of 84 samples were collected along 2 transects, completing a total of 1,092 samples. The animals were counted, measured and weighed. The natural beds of M. guyanensis and M. falcata are distinct: these 2 species have their own territory. The bivalves’ density (no/m2) ranged from 16.6 to 264.4 for M. guyanensis and from 16.8 to 11,036.0 for M. falcata. The density of individuals was heterogeneous in every segment for both species. The maximum length observed was 65 mm for M. guyanensis and 46 mm for M. falcata. The average weight ranged from 2.85 to 4.01 g for M. guyanensis and from 0.10 to 1.79 g for M. falcata. It may be considered that the most appropriate places for extraction are those which presented higher density of animals and also high frequency of individuals with commercial size (> 40 mm for M. guyanensis and > 30 mm for M. falcata). The results of this research shall contribute to a sustainable exploitation plan.
H2O2 Produced by Viridans Group Streptococci May Contribute to Inhibition of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonization of Oral Cavities in Newborns (2001)

In an accompanying report, we showed that viridans group streptococci may prevent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization of the oral cavities of newborns. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of prevention in vitro. Most viridans group streptococci had bacteriocin-like activity and killed MRSA, Burkholderia cepacia, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; however, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, and Candida albicans were resistant. The activity was induced only by H(2)O(2)-secreting strains and was inhibited by horseradish peroxidase or catalase in a dose-dependent manner. The mean concentration of H(2)O(2) produced by 18 strains of viridans group streptococci (1 x 10(8) cfu in 200 microL of culture medium+/-standard deviation was 1.24+/-0.60 mmol. Viridans group streptococci inhibited MRSA growth in saliva as well as in culture media. These results indicate that H(2)O(2) produced by viridans group streptococci may inhibit MRSA colonization of oral cavities in newborns.
Promising psyllium-based composite containing TiO2 nanoparticles as aspirin-carrier matrix (2014)

Composite nanomaterials represent a new trend in the biomedical field. Coupling inorganic/organic constituents with non-toxicity/biocompatibility properties leads to develop the new systems having special characteristics that can be used in various bio-applications. This paper describes the preparation and characterization of psyllium-based composites containing TiO2 nanoparticles in order to develop new therapeutic strategies for aspirin drug delivery. The structural characteristics of obtained materials were investigated by FTIR spectroscopy. The UV–vis spectrophotometric analysis was performed to evaluate the aspirin release behavior under different pH conditions at 37 °C. Combining psyllium (as an excellent source of fiber) with TiO2 inorganic unit (as vehicle of aspirin) it was found that polymeric-TiO2 networks have promising potential for controlled aspirin release as therapeutic agent.
NMR structure of a biologically active peptide containing the RNA-binding domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat. (1994)

The Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 enhances transcription by binding to a specific RNA element on nascent viral transcripts. Binding is mediated by a 10-amino acid basic domain that is rich in arginines and lysines. Here we report the three-dimensional peptide backbone structure of a biologically active 25-mer peptide that contains the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat basic domain linked to the core regulatory domain of another lentiviral Tat--i.e., that from equine infectious anemia virus. Circular dichroism and two-dimensional proton NMR studies of this hybrid peptide indicate that the Tat basic domain forms a stable alpha-helix, whereas the adjacent regulatory sequence is mostly in extended form. These findings suggest that the tendency to form stable alpha-helices may be a common property of arginine- and lysine-rich RNA-binding domains.
Factors Affecting Contractors' Risk of Cost Overburden (1998)

Cost overruns create a significant financial risk to both contractors and owners. However, in spite of the risks involved, the history of the construction industry is full of projects that were completed with significant cost overruns. Contractors used to be able to cover their cost overburdens with their markups. However, with diminishing markups, even marginal cost overburdens can easily wipe out their profits and even lead to a financial overburden. Therefore, contractors need to identify major risk sources causing cost overburdens in advance to be proactive in managing them. This paper reviews and describes uncontrollable risk sources that affect the contractor's risk of cost overburden. Sources of these risks relate to factors affecting the cost estimate and the final cost of a project and include factors specific to the cost estimator, the project design, construction, and the project environment. The paper describes each of these factors in detail and gives specific examples based on a survey of the relevant literature.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Highly Reactive Powders/Surfaces and Their Use in the Preparation of Organometallic Compounds (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Promising novel therapy with hydrogen gas for emergency and critical care medicine (2017)

It has been reported that hydrogen gas exerts a therapeutic effect in a wide range of disease conditions, from acute illness such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, shock, and damage healing to chronic illness such as metabolic syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and neurodegenerative diseases. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of hydrogen gas have been proposed, but the molecular target of hydrogen gas has not been identified. We established the Center for Molecular Hydrogen Medicine to promote non-clinical and clinical research on the medical use of hydrogen gas through industry-university collaboration and to obtain regulatory approval of hydrogen gas and hydrogen medical devices (http://www.karc.keio.ac.jp/center/center-55.html). Studies undertaken by the Center have suggested possible therapeutic effects of hydrogen gas in relation to various aspects of emergency and critical care medicine, including acute myocardial infarction, cardiopulmonary arrest syndrome, contrast-induced acute kidney injury, and hemorrhagic shock.
Brain pharmacology of intrathecal antisense oligonucleotides revealed through multimodal imaging (2019)

Intrathecal (IT) delivery and pharmacology of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) for the CNS have been successfully developed to treat spinal muscular atrophy. However, ASO pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties remain poorly understood in the IT compartment. We applied multimodal imaging techniques to elucidate the IT PK and PD of unlabeled, radioactively labeled, or fluorescently labeled ASOs targeting ubiquitously expressed or neuron-specific RNAs. Following lumbar IT bolus injection in rats, all ASOs spread rostrally along the neuraxis, adhered to meninges, and were partially cleared to peripheral lymph nodes and kidneys. Rapid association with the pia and arterial walls preceded passage of ASOs across the glia limitans, along arterial intramural basement membranes, and along white-matter axonal bundles. Several neuronal and glial cell types accumulated ASOs over time, with evidence of probable glial accumulation preceding neuronal uptake. IT doses of anti-GluR1 and anti-Gabra1 ASOs markedly reduced the mRNA and protein levels of their respective neurotransmitter receptor protein targets by 2 weeks and anti-Gabra1 ASOs also reduced binding of the GABAA receptor PET ligand 18F-flumazenil in the brain over 4 weeks. Our multimodal imaging approaches elucidate multiple transport routes underlying the CNS distribution, clearance, and efficacy of IT-dosed ASOs.
Molecular tools enabling pennycress (<i>Thlaspi arvense</i>) as a model plant and oilseed cash cover crop (2018)

Thlapsi arvense L. (pennycress) is being developed as a profitable oilseed cover crop for the winter fallow period throughout the temperate regions of the world, controlling soil erosion and nutrients run-off on otherwise barren farmland. We demonstrate that pennycress can serve as a user-friendly model system akin to Arabidopsis that is well-suited for both laboratory and field experimentation. We sequenced the diploid genome of the spring-type Spring 32-10 inbred line (1C DNA content of 539 Mb; 2n = 14), identifying variation that may explain phenotypic differences with winter-type pennycress, as well as predominantly a one-to-one correspondence with Arabidopsis genes, which makes translational research straightforward. We developed an Agrobacterium-mediated floral dip transformation method (0.5% transformation efficiency) and introduced CRISPR-Cas9 constructs to produce indel mutations in the putative FATTY ACID ELONGATION1 (FAE1) gene, thereby abolishing erucic acid production and creating an edible seed oil comparable to that of canola. We also stably transformed pennycress with the Euonymus alatus diacylglycerol acetyltransferase (EaDAcT) gene, producing low-viscosity acetyl-triacylglycerol-containing seed oil suitable as a diesel-engine drop-in fuel. Adoption of pennycress as a model system will accelerate oilseed-crop translational research and facilitate pennycress' rapid domestication to meet the growing sustainable food and fuel demands.
Crystal structure and magnetic properties of Mn-Al-Ni films prepared by sputtering (1990)

Mn60−xAl40Nix ternary alloy films were prepared by dc magnetron sputtering, and their crystallographic characteristics and magnetic properties have been investigated. The τ and κ phases were synthesized at a Ni content of below 7 at. % and above 10 at. %, respectively, and the mixture of both phases were synthesized at a Ni content of about 7.9 at. %. The lattice constant a of tetragonal structure in the films increased from 3.98 to 4.12 Å, and c decreased from 3.48 to 3.21 Å with the increase of Ni content. The Ms for the τ phase increased from 120 to 240 emu/cc by a few percent Ni substitution. Mn-Al-Ni films with single τ phase showed anisotropic characteristics in the magnetization curve due to the preferential orientation of the c axis for tetragonal crystallite.
A Concise Synthesis of Alkoxy-Substituted Pyrimidine Derivatives Based upon a Three-Component Access to Functionalized Enamides (2009)

Substituted enamides were prepared by a three-component reaction of lithiated alkoxyallenes, nitriles, and carboxylic ­acids. Their subsequent condensation with ammonium salts provided alkoxy-substituted pyrimidine derivatives. This two-step method is highly flexible with respect to the substitution pattern at C-2 and C-6. The C-4 and C-5 positions can smoothly be functionalized employing either Pd-catalyzed couplings or oxidation methods.
Surface triangulation and the downstream effects on surface flattening (2011)

Surface triangulation is an active area of research due to its wide usage in a range of different computer aided applications, including computer aided design (CAD), manufacture (CAM) and finite element analysis (FEA). Although these applications are used to create, interrogate, manipulate and analyse surfaces, internally they actually approximate the surface geometry using a triangulation and then operate on the triangles, making them triangulation dependant algorithms. However, despite the reliance on the triangulation by the downstream application, there is very little work which has been focused on the inherent affects of the underlying triangulation on the performance or result of the application. Therefore, the impact of the triangulation on the downstream application is still not well known or defined. This thesis investigates triangulation and the downstream effects on the triangulation dependant method of surface flattening. Two novel topics are explored, notably right angle triangulation configurations (RATCs) and axis of minimum principal curvature (AMPC) influenced triangulations, each which was found to have an impact on the triangulation dependant method of surface flattening. Right angle triangles (RATs) are commonly used throughout surface flattening. However, given a set of uniformly sampled points, there are many different ways in which the diagonals can be placed to form a final triangulation consisting of RATs. These different configurations of edges are introduced as RATCs. To investigate the effects of RATCs on surface flattening, three global configurations are proposed; regular, diamond and chevron. In addition, local variations of RATCs are explored by fitting RATCs that best approximated the local Gaussian curvature of the original surface. Also considered is the influence of triangulation developability and its effects on flattening. Developable surfaces should flatten without inducing any area or shape distortion. However, it is shown that the transfer of this developabilty information from the surface to the triangulation can be lost. It is established that skewing the vertices of a triangulation so that no triangle edges followed along the AMPC, causes the flattening to induce distortion. As the shape of a triangulation is defined by its edges, if no edges follow along the AMPC, this means that the triangulation will not inherit this shape characteristic. Therefore, a new method is proposed to triangulate a surface, whilst ensuring that one edge of every triangle follows along the general direction of the AMPC. This thesis also introduces a new efficient and robust parametric trimmed surface triangulation method. Efficiency is gained during trimmed curve tracing by minimising the number of cells processed. Key features are the efficient tracing algorithm and knowledge of orientation of the trimming curves is not required. This approach also minimises the occurrence of degenerate triangles and copes with holes independently of the grid size.
Cisplatin anti-tumour potentiation by tirapazamine results from a hypoxia-dependent cellular sensitization to cisplatin (1999)

Tirapazamine (TPZ) is a new anticancer drug that is activated specifically at the low oxygen level typically found in solid tumours. It exhibits preferential cytotoxicity towards hypoxic cells and has been shown in preclinical studies with transplanted tumours and in phase II and III clinical trials to potentiate the anti-tumour efficacy of cisplatin without increasing its systemic toxicity. At present, the mechanism for this potentiation is unknown. Here we show that there is a schedule-dependent enhancement of cisplatin cytotoxicity by TPZ for cells in vitro that is similar to that seen with transplanted murine tumours. This cisplatin potentiation depends on the TPZ exposure being at oxygen concentrations below 1%, which are typical of many cells in tumours but not in normal tissues. Also, the interaction between TPZ and cisplatin does not occur in cells mutant in ERCC4, a protein essential for repair of DNA interstrand cross-links. Incubation of the cells with TPZ under hypoxia prior to cisplatin treatment increases cisplatin-induced DNA interstrand cross-links with kinetics suggesting that TPZ inhibits or delays repair of the DNA cross-links. In conclusion, we show that the tumour-specific potentiation of cisplatin cytotoxicity is likely the result of an interaction between TPZ and cisplatin at the cellular level that requires the low oxygen levels typical of those in solid tumours. The mechanism of the interaction appears to be through a potentiation of cisplatin-induced DNA interstrand cross-links, possibly as a result of a diminished or delayed repair of these lesions
Monoclonal antibodies reactive with the T cell receptor <i>zeta</i> chain: production and characterization using a new method. (1989)

We have developed a novel method for the production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies reactive with lineage-restricted intracellular Ag. Using this technique, we have produced a panel of antibodies that react specifically with permeabilized T lymphocytes but not with permeabilized B lymphocytes or native T cells. One of these antibodies, designated TIA-2, was found to react with greater than 98% of peripheral blood T lymphocytes. Immunoblotting experiments showed TIA-2 to recognize a 32 kd protein that was reduced to 16 kDa in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol. Immunoprecipitates analyzed on non-reducing/reducing diagonal polyacrylamide gels showed the homodimeric structure recognized by TIA-2 to be associated with additional structures whose pattern closely resembled that of the T cell receptor complex. When immunoprecipitates formed using antibodies reactive with CD3 epsilon were immunoblotted with TIA-2, the homodimeric TCR zeta chain was specifically recognized. Using TIA-2 as a TCR zeta specific reagent, we show that whole cell expression of this TCR subunit is dramatically reduced following exposure to mAb reactive with CD3. mAb reactive with activating epitopes of CD2 were also capable of down-modulating the expression of TCR zeta, but to a lesser degree. Exposure to Con A or IL-2, on the other hand, did not reduce the whole cell expression of TCR zeta. Given the central importance of TCR zeta in the expression of a functionally competent Ag receptor, its reduced expression in response to certain activating stimuli is likely to play an important role in regulating T cell responsiveness.