gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intrinsically disordered tau protein in Alzheimer's tangles: a coincidence or a rule? (2006)

Tau protein, the major constituent of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related tauopathies, is classified as intrinsically disordered protein (IDP). IDPs in contrast to globular proteins contain high proportion of polar and charged amino acids in their sequence, which results in the absence of a well-defined three-dimensional structure of the free protein. Structural flexibility of IDPs is required to perform their important role in many cellular processes. In the course of tauopathies, highly soluble disordered tau protein acquires rigid fold and forms highly insoluble filaments. Beneficial intrinsic disorder transforms into a fatal order: is it a coincidence, or is there an underlying reason for preferential IDPs assembly? In this review we present the structural characteristics of tau protein filamentous lesions in AD and discuss the tendency of IDPs to assembly and to form amyloid deposits (Ref: 65).
Purification and Characterization of Amyloid‐Related Transthyretin Associated with Familial Amyloidotic Cardiomyopathy (1995)

Analysis of amyloid fibril material associated with familial amyloidotic cardiomyopathy revealed that it contains a mixture of transthyretin-related polypeptides. The major protein band in SDS/polyacrylamide gel corresponding to a molecular mass of 14.5 kDa, consists of transthyretin fragments starting at positions 46, 49 and 59, the latter not previously identified, and one blocked fragment derived from the N-terminal part of transthyretin. In reverse-phase HPLC, the major fragment recovered was that starting at Thr49, indicating a trypsin-like cleavage (Lys at position 48). Two minor bands, corresponding to 17 kDa and 35 kDa, contained proteins with blocked N-termini, and migrated as monomeric and dimeric transthyretin, respectively. A 13-kDa protein band was found to contain transthyretin with a ragged N-terminus, mainly starting at positions 2 and 5. Three more bands, corresponding to 10, 25 and 29 kDa, consist of transthyretin molecules with blocked N-termini and most likely of aggregates of truncated molecules. A point mutation of amyloid transthyretin was identified at position 111 (Met instead of Leu in normal serum transthyretin) which confirms the mutation found for Danish siblings with familial amyloidotic cardiomyopathy. However, the presence of a non-variant amyloid transthyretin was also observed, indicating that the Danish kindred is heterozygous with respect to this point mutation. Isoelectric focusing of the amyloid fibril material resolved multiple protein bands ranging over pH 4.5-6.5, confirming heterogeneities. Methanol extraction of the cardiac amyloid fibril material prior to the purification steps reveals a methanol-soluble substance amounting to about 10% (by mass dry material) of the amyloid fibril material. A yellow substance in this fraction shows absorbance maxima (270, 280 and 430 nm) similar to those observed for transthyretin in normal serum. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of the methanol extract revealed the presence of saturated fatty acids (C14:0, C16:0 and C18:0 in the corresponding ratio 2:8:5) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (C16:1, C18:1, C18:2 and C20:4 in the corresponding ratio of 1:2:1:1) as further constituents of the amyloid fibril material.
Genetic diversity and relationships among Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus field isolates from Colombia and Venezuela. (2001)

During field studies of enzootic Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) viruses associated with epizootic emergence, a large number of virus isolates were made in sylvatic foci of Venezuela and Colombia. To rapidly characterize these isolates, antigenic subtypes were determined by means of immunofluorescence and by single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis by use of an 856-bp fragment from the P62 gene, which we used to distinguish genetic variants. Representative isolates were sequenced to assess the sensitivity of SSCP to detect genetic differences. The SSCP analysis distinguished isolates differing by as little as 1 nucleotide; overall, differences of > or = 1 nucleotide were recognized 89% of the time, and the sensitivity to distinguish strains that differed by only 1 or 4 nucleotides was 17 and 57%, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses of representative sequences showed that all recent isolates from the Catatumbo region of western Venezuela and the middle Magdalena Valley of Colombia were closely related to epizootic subtype IAB and IC strains; strains from Yaracuy and Miranda States were more distantly related. Cocirculation of the same virus genotype in both Colombian and Venezuelan foci indicated that these viruses are readily transported between enzootic regions separated by > 300 km. The SSCP analysis appears to be a simple, fast, and relatively efficient method of screening VEE virus isolates to identify meaningful genetic variants.
Effect of maternal dietary fats with variable n−3/n−6 ratios on tissue fatty acid composition in suckling mice (1992)

This report examines the distribution of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids in heart, kidney and liver phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine of suckling mice from dams fed a fat-supplemented diet with variable n-3/n-6 ratios. After conception and throughout the pregnancy and lactation period, dams were fed a fat-free liquid diet supplemented with 20% by energy of oil mixtures (fish oil concentrate, rich in 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3, and safflower oil concentrate, rich in 18:2n-6). The diets contained similar amounts of combined n-3 and n-6 fatty acids but variable ratios of n-3 to n-6 fatty acids (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4). In 12-day-old suckling mice, as the n-3/n-6 ratio in the maternal diet increased (up to approx. 0.5), the tissue levels of 20:5n-3, 22:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 increased, whereas those of 18:2n-6 and 20:4n-6 decreased. The responses were similar in both phospholipid subclasses, but varied between different tissues. Generally, the n-3/n-6 ratios were significantly greater in pup tissues than in milk fat, indicating preferential incorporation of n-3 over n-6 fatty acids into phospholipids during growth. However, the incorporation of n-3 fatty acids in pups was significantly suppressed whereas that of n-6 fatty acids was increased when 18:2n-6 was replaced by its delta 6-desaturation product, 18:3n-6 (concentrated from evening primrose oil), as the source of n-6 fatty acid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Preamble Design in Ultra Mobile Broadband Communication Systems (2007)

The preamble design for a highly flexible wireless communication system can be challenging. This paper describes a preamble design for ultra mobile broadband (UMB) communication systems that allows flexible deployment, such as flexible bandwidth allocation, synchronous/asynchronous modes, FDD/TDD, full/half duplex, and configurable cyclic prefix duration, etc. The UMB preamble design facilitates the flexibility and yet has low overhead, low acquisition latency, and low complexity.
Antidepressants for neuropathic pain (2007)

This update has provided additional confirmation on the effectiveness of antidepressants for neuropathic pain and has provided new information on another antidepressant - venlafaxine. There is still limited evidence for the role of SSRIs. Whether antidepressants prevent the development of neuropathic pain (pre-emptive use) is still unclear. Both TCAs and venlafaxine have NNTs of approximately three. This means that for approximately every three patients with neuropathic pain who are treated with either of these antidepressants, one will get at least moderate pain relief. There is evidence to suggest that other antidepressants may be effective but numbers of participants are insufficient to calculate robust NNTs. SSRIs are generally better tolerated by patients and more high quality studies are required.
Preclinical evaluation of the AR inhibitor enzalutamide in triple-negative breast cancer cells (2016)

The androgen receptor (AR) is present in approximately 80% of invasive breast cancer patients and in up to 30% of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Therefore, our aim was to investigate the targeting of AR as a possible hormonal approach to the treatment of TNBC. Analysis of 2091 patients revealed an association between AR expression and poor overall survival, selectively in patients with the basal subtype of breast cancer, the vast majority of which are TNBC. IC50 values for the second-generation anti-androgen enzalutamide across 11 breast cancer cell lines varied from 4 µM to >50 µM. The activity of enzalutamide was similar in TN and non-TN cell lines but was dependent on the presence of AR. Enzalutamide reduced clonogenic potential and cell growth in a 3D matrix in AR-positive cells. In addition, enzalutamide also inhibited cell migration and invasion in an AR-dependent manner. Enzalutamide appeared to mediate these processes through down-regulation of the transcription factors AP-1 and SP-1. The first-generation anti-androgen flutamide similarly blocked cell growth, migration and invasion. AR-positive TNBC cells clustered separately from AR-negative cells based on an androgen-related gene expression signature, independently of TNBC subtype. We conclude that targeting of the AR with drugs such as enzalutamide may provide an alternative treatment strategy for patients with AR-positive TNBC.
[Level of placental alpha1-microglobulin in maternal serum as a marker of intrauterine fetal pathology]. (2000)

Serum levels of placental alpha 1-microglobulin (PAMG) were measured during the third trimester in 21 women with normal pregnancy, 24 with extragenital diseases, and 57 with gestosis. Abnormally high levels of PAMG were detected in 23 women, 4 of these with clinically uneventful pregnancy. All pregnancies in the group with high concentrations of PAMG had unfavorable outcomes with the following diagnoses at birth: intrauterine hypoxia (14 cases), low-weight babies (5 cases), small-for-date fetuses (2 cases), preterm delivery (1 case), and asphyxia (1 case). Therefore, a high level of PAMG is an indicator of intrauterine disease even in cases when there are no clinical symptoms of pregnancy abnormalities.
Volume and acidity of residual gastric fluid after oral fluid ingestion before elective ambulatory surgery. (1989)

We studied 211 unselected, healthy, adult patients scheduled to undergo elective ambulatory surgery to determine whether the volume or pH of gastric fluid at induction of anesthesia is correlated with the duration of the preoperative fluid fast. Patients were instructed that they must not eat any solid food after midnight but that they were permitted to drink 150 ml of tea, coffee, apple juice or water until 3 hours before their scheduled time of surgery. Patients with gastric disorders and those taking medications that affect gastric motility or secretion were excluded. No premedicant drugs were given. Following induction of general anesthesia the gastric fluid was aspirated through an orogastric tube, its volume recorded and its pH measured with a calibrated pH meter. The patients were retrospectively assigned to one of four groups according to the interval from last fluid ingestion until induction of anesthesia (less than 3 hours, 3 to 4.9 hours, 5 to 8 hours and nothing after midnight). The mean values and extremes for gastric fluid volume and pH were similar in the four groups. We conclude that healthy patients should be allowed to ingest fluid until 3 hours before elective ambulatory surgery.
Speech classification using SIFT features on spectrogram images (2016)

Classification of speech is one of the most vital problems in speech processing. Although there have been many studies on the classification of speech, the results are still limited. Firstly, most of the speech classification approaches requiring input data have the same dimension. Secondly, all traditional methods must be trained before classifying speech signal and must be retrained when having more training data or new class. In this paper, we propose an approach for speech classification using Scale-invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) features on spectrogram images of speech signal combination with Local naïve Bayes nearest neighbor. The proposed approach allows using feature vectors to have different sizes. With this approach, the achieved classification results are satisfactory. They are 73, 96, 95, 97 %, and 97 % on the ISOLET, English Isolated Digits, Vietnamese Places, Vietnamese Digits, JVPD databases, respectively. Especially, in a subset of the TMW database, the accuracy is 100 %. In addition, in our proposed approach, non-retraining is needed for additional training data after the training phase. The experiment shows that the more features are added to the model, the more is the accuracy in performance.
Streaming architectures and technology trends (2005)

Modern technology allows the designers of today's processors to incorporate enormous computation resources into their latest chips. The challenge for these architects is to translate the increase in capability to an increase in performance. The last decade of graphics processor development shows that GPU designers have succeeded spectacularly at this task. In this chapter, we analyze the technology and architectural trends that motivate the way GPUs are built today and what we might expect in the future.
Polyethyleneglycol based micelles as carriers of therapeutic and diagnostic agents (1996)

L'emploi de derives amphiphiles des polyethylene glycols pour la preparation de vecteurs pharmaceutiques colloidaux est etudie. Les micelles preparees a partir de polymeres synthetiques amphiphiles peuvent etre utilisees pour une solubilisation et une stabilisation efficaces de produits amphiphiles therapeutiques ou de diagnostic. Les faibles valeurs de concentration micellaire critique de telles micelles permettent de maintenir ces produits en solution meme apres dilution dans le sang. Differentes caracteristiques des vecteurs micellaires a base de polyethylene glycol sont discutees telles que la taille, la stabilite dans les milieux biologiques ou la duree de circulation prolongee. A titre d'exemple, des applications pratiques de micelles polyethylene glycol-lipide, chargees de chelates d'un metal amphiphile afin de renforcer la visualisation en resonance magnetique et scintigraphique, sont etudiees.
Immunodetection of cathepsins b and l present in and secreted from human pre‐malignant and malignant colorectal tumour cell lines (1989)

Pre-malignant and malignant human colorectal tumour epithelial cell lines both secreted precursor forms of the 2 cysteine proteinases, cathepsins B and L. The amount of proteinases secreted by these cell lines varied according to the cell density. Comparison at similar cell densities showed that the pre-malignant, adenoma-derived cell line (PC/AA) secreted as much, or more, of both cathepsin B and L precursors as did the malignant, carcinoma-derived cell line (PC/JW/FI). However, mature forms of cathepsins B and L were detected in the culture media of only the carcinoma-derived cell line, thus indicating that the invasive potential of a tumour may be related to its ability to process extracellularly the secreted precursor enzyme to a mature and consequently active enzyme, rather than to the amount of proteinase synthesized and/or secreted. Similar results were obtained using 2 other epithelium-derived tumour cell lines, HT/29 (carcinoma) and SP/AN (adenoma). Immunolocation studies showed that cathepsin B was lysosomal while cathepsin L appeared to have a distribution more consistent with a plasma membrane association. Purified human cathepsins B and L (mature form) were capable of solubilizing an isolated basement membrane matrix (bovine anterior lens capsule) in vitro, thus indicating that the secreted mature enzymes and the membrane-associated cathepsin L could potentially degrade basal laminae or sub-endothelial basement membranes in vivo.
Scalability and modularity for transmon-based quantum processors (2018)

This thesis mainly summarizes two experiments that relate to building a quantum computer out of superconducting transmon qubits. Transmon qubits have emerged as one of the foremost solid state qubits, realizing processors with more than ten qubits and demonstrating small scale quantum algorithms as well as quantum error correction schemes. Right now, there is a race between different academic and industry research groups to scale up transmon qubit processors.<br/>The first experiment was a demonstration of qubit control by selective broadcasting in order to reduce the scaling of expensive electronics with the number of qubits for individual single-qubit control. We demonstrated that we can bring two transmon qubits to the same frequency (combining fabrication accuracy and in-situ fine tuning) and use the same hardware to control both, routing the pulses with a nanosecond-timescale vector switch matrix. Despite the compromises required by this technique, we show a scalable path to single qubit control beyond the threshold required for quantum error correction. In benchmarking, we take into account gate leakage due to the fact that transmons are fundamentally multi-level systems.<br/>In the second experiment we establish entanglement between two transmon qubits on different chips. We use an entanglement by measurement scheme and demonstrate that we can overcome minor fabrication imperfections by shaping our measurement pulses. Ultimately, performance is mainly limited by photon loss between the chips and up to the amplification chain. This entanglement mediated by traveling photons could be used to make a distributed transmon processor where computations are spread across several chip modules. This modularity could enable connectivities that cannot be realized on chip and ease fabrication requirements, as modules could be individually fabricated and selected.<br/>Thus, both of these experiments fit into the larger effort to converge on the hardware, control equipment and architecture of a future large-scale transmon quantum computer. Other experiments I contributed to are summarized in the conclusion chapter to show the diverse physics that can be studied in cQED experiments.<br/>
Specific and total IgE responses to antigenic stimuli in Brown-Norway, Lewis and Sprague-Dawley rats. (1980)

Kinetics of primary and booster-specific and total IgE responses to distinct antigenic stimuli were studied in two inbred rat strains, Brown-Norway (BN) and Lewis, and one outbred, Sprague-Dawley (SD). The rats were immunized three or four times at intervals varying between 15 and 22 days by subcutaneous injections of 10 microgram ovalbumin, keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) or bovine serum albumin (BSA) mixed with 10 mg aluminium hydroxide gel. IgE antibodies were measured in sera by PCA titres. High responses were obtained in BN rats (PCA titres about 10,000 after booster) and low responses in Lewis and SD rats. Positive booster responses were obtained in the three strains. Peritoneal mast cells collected from the three strains after immunization could degranulate on in vitro addition of specific antigen. In contrast, BN mast cells were bad receptors while Lewis and SD mast cells were good receptors for in vitro passive sensitization by mouse IgE antibodies. Total serum IgE was assayed by an in vitro competitive inhibition bioassay (CIB). The values before immunization were higher in BN (1-4 microgram/ml) than in Lewis (less than 0.25 microgram/ml) or SD rats (0.6 microgram/ml). After immunization, a striking increase could be observed in BN rats (up to 170 microgram/ml). There was no parallel between total IgE and IgE antibody levels at different times after immunization.
Balance Improvement Effects of Biofeedback Systems with State-of-the-Art Wearable Sensors: A Systematic Review (2016)

Falls and fall-induced injuries are major global public health problems. Balance and gait disorders have been the second leading cause of falls. Inertial motion sensors and force sensors have been widely used to monitor both static and dynamic balance performance. Based on the detected performance, instant visual, auditory, electrotactile and vibrotactile biofeedback could be provided to augment the somatosensory input and enhance balance control. This review aims to synthesize the research examining the effect of biofeedback systems, with wearable inertial motion sensors and force sensors, on balance performance. Randomized and non-randomized clinical trials were included in this review. All studies were evaluated based on the methodological quality. Sample characteristics, device design and study characteristics were summarized. Most previous studies suggested that biofeedback devices were effective in enhancing static and dynamic balance in healthy young and older adults, and patients with balance and gait disorders. Attention should be paid to the choice of appropriate types of sensors and biofeedback for different intended purposes. Maximizing the computing capacity of the micro-processer, while minimizing the size of the electronic components, appears to be the future direction of optimizing the devices. Wearable balance-improving devices have their potential of serving as balance aids in daily life, which can be used indoors and outdoors.
Polyamide-Imide Binder with Higher Adhesive Property and Thermal Stability as Positive Electrode of 4V-Class Lithium-Ion Batteries (2014)

Polyamide-imide (PAI) was used as the advanced binder for the 4V-class LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (LNCMO) electrode. The PAI binder showed a higher adhesive property and thermal stability than the polyvinylidene difluoride (PVdF) ones. The cycling stability at 60°C for the LNCMO electrodes was improved by using the PAI binder. The capacity retention ratio after 500 cycles at the 5C-rate was 23% for the electrode using the PVdF binder, whereas that increased to 80% for the electrode using the PAI one. A part of the LNCMO particle surface was coated by a thin layer of the PAI binder based on SEM observations, and EDS and XPS analyzes. The PAI layer was effective for suppressing the electrolyte decomposition on the particle surface and decreasing the generated total heat, thus showing the high thermal stability of the LNCMO electrode.
Nuclear matrix preparations from liver tissue and from cultured vertebrate cells: differences in major polypeptides. (1983)

The major polypeptides of nuclear matrix preparations from vertebrate tissues are rather similar. However, nuclear matrix fractions isolated from cultured vertebrate cells of different origin show variations in their major polypeptides. We demonstrate that cytoplasmic intermediate filaments copurify with nuclear matrices from these cells. Because of their abundance, their subunit proteins form major bands on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. The tissue specificity of the intermediate filament proteins then gives rise to the variations observed. To explain the differences in major proteins of nuclear matrices isolated from vertebrate cells grown in tissue and in culture we have analyzed the distribution of intermediate filaments during isolation of nuclei from liver tissue. We show that during homogenization of liver intermediate filaments are torn off and can be separated from the nuclei. Nuclear matrix preparations from these nuclei, therefore, do not contain intermediate filaments and true nuclear matrix proteins (e.g. lamins) are the major protein species. Our results suggest that the major nuclear matrix polypeptides (lamins) are similar in all vertebrate cells, since lamin like proteins were identified in cultured cells, too. Using antisera we demonstrate an immunological difference between lamins A/C and lamin B.