gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Umbrella-Assisted Transport of a Hydrophilic Peptide Across a Phospholipid Membrane (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTMolecular Umbrella-Assisted Transport of a Hydrophilic Peptide Across a Phospholipid MembraneVaclav Janout, Christophe Di Giorgio, and Steven L. RegenView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Zettlemoyer Center for Surface Studies Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 11, 2671–2672Publication Date (Web):March 2, 2000Publication History Received3 January 2000Published online2 March 2000Published inissue 1 March 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja000007ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja000007grapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views662Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Chemical reactions,Hydrophilicity,Membranes,Peptides and proteins,Vesicles Get e-Alerts
E-Commerce Education in China (2005)

With an explosive growth of e-businesses worldwide, e-commerce in China is booming, leading to the development of e-commerce education. This paper is intended to investigate whether the education system in China accords well with the market demand and the status of e-commerce programs in China in order to seek strategies for China to cope with the challenges of global e-commerce empowered by fast updated information technologies. First, we construct a four-layer conceptual model to describe the relevant factors influencing e-commerce and e-commerce education. We then present the status of China’s e-commerce education in different educational categories. Although we find that current problems in China’s e-commerce education can be resorted in quantity and quality aspects, it generally is on the right track. Finally, we propose several main strategies for promoting the development of e-commerce education, in which the education system reformation is top priority and in which the government will play a critical role.
Palliation of dysphagia. (2000)

This article discusses the diagnosis and interventional options apart from surgical resection for carcinoma of the esophagus. Other topics discussed are methods of inserting plastic and self-expanding metal stents in conjunction with their complications, and neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet photodynamic therapy, cryoablation, and BICAP (bipolar cautery probe) options. Clinical scenarios illustrate the pros and cons of these approaches.
Monte Carlo Simulation in Statistical Physics (1993)

CHAOS DEMONSTRATIONS presents an inviting environment for exploring chaotic dynamics.The program has a broad range of uses, from learning to research.The program offers 22 colorful, interactive demonstrations that include the driven pendulum, three-body problem, Lorenz attractor, logistic map, Henon map, Mandelbrot set, diffusion, fractals, game of life, anaglyphs, and more!
Autophagy modulation for cancer therapy (2011)

Autophagy is a homeostatic and catabolic process that enables the sequestration and lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic organelles and proteins that is important for the maintenance of genomic stability and cell survival. Beclin 1 (+/- ) gene knockout mice are tumor prone, indicating a tumor suppressor role for autophagy. Autophagy is also mechanism of stress tolerance that maintains cell viability and can lead to tumor dormancy, progression, and therapeutic resistance. Many anticancer drugs induce cytotoxic stress that can activate pro-survival autophagy. In some contexts, excessive or prolonged autophagy can lead to tumor cell death. Inhibition of cytoprotective autophagy by genetic or pharmacological means has been shown to enhance anticancer drug-induced cell death, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy. Studies are ongoing to define optimal strategies to modulate autophagy for cancer prevention and therapy, and to exploit it as a target for anticancer drug discovery.
Extensive reorganization of the somatosensory cortex in adult humans after nervous system injury (1994)

Magnetic source imaging revealed that the topographic representation in the somatosensory cortex of the face area in upper extremity amputees was shifted an average of 1.5 cm toward the area that would normally receive input from the now absent nerves supplying the hand and fingers. Observed alterations provide evidence for extensive plastic reorganization in the adult human cortex following nervous system injury, but they are not a sufficient cause of the phantom phenomenon termed 'facial remapping'.
True to the Model or True to the Data? (2020)

A variety of recent papers discuss the application of Shapley values, a concept for explaining coalitional games, for feature attribution in machine learning. However, the correct way to connect a machine learning model to a coalitional game has been a source of controversy. The two main approaches that have been proposed differ in the way that they condition on known features, using either (1) an interventional or (2) an observational conditional expectation. While previous work has argued that one of the two approaches is preferable in general, we argue that the choice is application dependent. Furthermore, we argue that the choice comes down to whether it is desirable to be true to the model or true to the data. We use linear models to investigate this choice. After deriving an efficient method for calculating observational conditional expectation Shapley values for linear models, we investigate how correlation in simulated data impacts the convergence of observational conditional expectation Shapley values. Finally, we present two real data examples that we consider to be representative of possible use cases for feature attribution -- (1) credit risk modeling and (2) biological discovery. We show how a different choice of value function performs better in each scenario, and how possible attributions are impacted by modeling choices.
Bevacizumab (B) plus erlotinib (E) for patients (pts) with recurrent ovarian (OC) and fallopian tube (FT) cancer: Preliminary results of a multi-center phase II trial (2006)

5018 Background: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are commonly over-expressed in OC and correlate with poor prognosis. The anti-VEGF antibody B and the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor E have each demonstrated activity in OC. Dual inhibition with BE may overcome mechanisms of resistance encountered with either agent alone. Methods: We are conducting a 2-stage phase II trial of BE in pts with recurrent OC, primary peritoneal, and FT cancer. Eligible pts had ≤ 2 prior chemo regimens for recurrent or refractory disease; no prior VEGF or EGFR inhibitors; ECOG performance status (PS) 0–2; measurable disease; normal organ function; no proteinuria (<1000 mg/24 hours). B 15 mg/kg was given IV on day 1 every 21 days and daily E 150 mg PO was given continuously. CT scans were obtained every 9 weeks. 2 responses are required in the first stage to justify accrual into a second stage. Results: 13 pts enrolled at 3 centers from 7/05 to 10/05. Median age: 56 (range 45–70). PS (N with 0/1/2): 6/4/3. Primary site (N): OC 11, FT 2. Primary platinum response (N): refractory 4, resistant (<12 mo PFS) 2, sensitive (≥12 mo) 7. Total prior chemo regimens (N with 1/2/3): 1/8/4. 55 cycles of BE have been delivered (median 4, range 1–8). 12 pts are evaluable for response (1 too early). There has been 1 major response (8%). 8 patients (67%) had stable disease (SD). 1 pt with SD met 75% CA-125 response criteria. 8 pts remain on study. Median PFS has not been reached (median f/u 2.2 months). Attributable toxicities (N with grade 1/2/3/4): rash 4/7/0/0, diarrhea 6/1/2/0, stomatitis 3/1/0/0, myalgias 4/0/0/0, proteinuria 3/0/0/0, bilirubin 0/2/0/0. There were 2 bowel perforations (grade 3/4): both had 2 prior regimens, peritoneal implants >1 cm, 3 doses of B (last was 10 and 42 days prior), and small bowel obstructions in the preceding 28 days. Conclusions: The first stage of accrual is complete and further enrollment is on hold pending continued efficacy evaluation. There appeared to be an increased rate of bowel perforation, and identification of potential risk factors for this event would be critical for further development of this combination. Updated results will be presented. Supported by NCI Grant N01-CM-17102. [Table: see text]
Recommending random walks (2007)

We improve on previous recommender systems by taking advantage of the layered structure of software. We use a random-walk approach, mimicking the more focused behavior of a developer, who browses the caller-callee links in the callgraph of a large program, seeking routines that are likely to be related to a function of interest. Inspired by Kleinberg's work [10], we approximate the steady-state of an infinite random walk on a subset of a callgraph in order to rank the functions by their steady-state probabilities. Surprisingly, this purely structural approach works quite well. Our approach, like that of Robillard's "Suade" algorithm [15], and earlier data mining approaches [13] relies solely on the always available current state of the code, rather than other sources such as comments, documentation or revision information. Using the Apache API documentation as an oracle, we perform a quantitative evaluation of our method, finding that our algorithm dramatically improves upon Suade in this setting. We also find that the performance of traditional data mining approaches is complementary to ours; this leads naturally to an evidence-based combination of the two, which shows excellent performance on this task.
Nitroxyls for scorch suppression, cure control, and functionalization in free‐radical crosslinking of polyethylene (2006)

Abstract This paper describes the use of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyl‐oxy (TEMPO) derivatives for scorch suppression, cure control, and functionalization in peroxide crosslinking of polyethylene. When 4‐hydroxy 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐oxyl was used for scorch suppression, there was often a loss in ultimate degree of crosslinking. In contrast, with bis(1‐oxyl‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐4‐yl)sebacate, both scorch suppression and ultimate degree of crosslinking were enhanced. A model study in hexadecane showed that TEMPO radicals terminate with carbon‐centered radicals formed as a consequence of peroxide homolysis and propagation steps. This termination occurs preferentially over peroxide‐initiated crosslinking and results in TEMPO‐grafted polymer. In addition to polymer radical formation, several additional reaction pathways are available following thermal homolysis of the peroxide, including unimolecular disassociation of the peroxy radical to yield a methyl radical and a ketone, and proton extraction from one of several substrates by the peroxy radical to yield an alkyl radical and an alcohol. This study reveals that the reaction rate is limited by the rate of peroxide homolysis, and proceeds to statistical products with little or no preference for any specific species. The implication is that choice of peroxide is a dominant controlling factor over whether the TEMPO derivatives are ultimately grafted to the polymer or are bound to small alkyl radicals. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:50–61, 2007. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers
Comparative study of stochastic algorithms for system optimization based on gradient approximations (1997)

Stochastic approximation (SA) algorithms can be used in system optimization problems for which only noisy measurements of the system are available and the gradient of the loss function is not. This type of problem can be found in adaptive control, neural network training, experimental design, stochastic optimization, and many other areas. This paper studies three types of SA algorithms in a multivariate Kiefer-Wolfowitz setting, which uses only noisy measurements of the loss function (i.e., no loss function gradient measurements). The algorithms considered are: the standard finite-difference SA (FDSA) and two accelerated algorithms, the random directions SA (RDSA) and the simultaneous-perturbation SA (SPSA). RDSA and SPSA use randomized gradient approximations based on (generally) far fewer function measurements than FDSA in each Iteration. This paper describes the asymptotic error distribution for a class of RDSA algorithms, and compares the RDSA, SPSA, and FDSA algorithms theoretically (using mean-square errors computed from asymptotic distributions) and numerically. Based on the theoretical and numerical results, SPSA is the preferable algorithm to use.
Metal–Organic Frameworks as Sensory Materials and Imaging Agents (2013)

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of hybrid materials self-assembled from organic bridging ligands and metal ion/cluster connecting points. The combination of a variety of organic linkers, metal ions/clusters, and structural motifs can lead to an infinite array of new materials with interesting properties for many applications. In this Forum Article, we discuss the design and applications of MOFs in chemical sensing and biological imaging. The first half of this article focuses on the development of MOFs as chemical sensors by highlighting how unique attributes of MOFs can be utilized to enhance sensitivity and selectivity. We also discuss some of the issues that need to be addressed in order to develop practically useful MOF sensors. The second half of this article focuses on the design and applications of nanoscale MOFs (NMOFs) as imaging contrast agents. NMOFs possess several interesting attributes, such as high cargo loading capacity, ease of postmodification, tunable size and shape, and intrinsic biodegradability, to make them excellent candidates as imaging contrast agents. We discuss the use of representative NMOFs in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-ray computed tomography (CT), and optical imaging. Although still in their infancy, we believe that the compositional tunability and mild synthetic conditions of NMOF imaging agents should greatly facilitate their further development for clinical translation.
Expression of eotaxin by human lung epithelial cells: induction by cytokines and inhibition by glucocorticoids. (1997)

Eotaxin is a potent and specific eosinophil chemoattractant that is mobilized in the respiratory epithelium after allergic stimulation. Pulmonary levels of eotaxin mRNA are known to increase after allergen exposure in sensitized animals. In this study we demonstrate that TNF alpha and IL-1beta induce the accumulation of eotaxin mRNA in the pulmonary epithelial cell lines A549 and BEAS 2B in a dose-dependent manner. Cytokine-induced A549 cell mRNA accumulation was maximal at 4 h and was significantly enhanced when the cells were costimulated with IFNgamma. TNFalpha- and IL-1beta-induced increases in eotaxin mRNA were diminished in a dose-dependent manner by the glucocorticoid dexamethasone and were augmented by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. Cytokine-induced increases in eotaxin mRNA expression correlated with increased eotaxin protein production and secretion, and dexamethasone inhibition of cytokine-induced eotaxin mRNA augmentation was associated with diminished eotaxin protein secretion. These findings, together with the known kinetics of TNF alpha and IL-1beta mobilization in asthmatic airways and the potent eosinophil chemotactic effects of eotaxin, define a mechanism linking inflammatory cytokine mobilization to eosinophil recruitment that may be relevant to the pathogenesis of asthma.
Effect of anchoring groups in zinc phthalocyanine on the dye-sensitized solar cell performance and stability (2011)

We have designed and developed an unsymmetrical zinc phthalocyanine (TT9) sensitizer that consists of three tert-butyl and two carboxylic acid groups that act as “push” and “pull”, respectively. The two carboxylic acid groups graft the sensitizer onto the semiconductor surface resulting in enhanced stability under heat and light compared to the similar unsymmetrical zinc phthalocyanine (TT1) sensitizer that consists of three tert-butyl and only one carboxylic acid groups. The solar cells containing the TT9 and TT1 sensitizers with non-volatile electrolyte were subjected to light soaking conditions at 60 °C. Under these conditions, the short circuit current of the TT1 sensitized solar cell after 1000 h decreases to half of its initial value where as the TT9 sensitized solar cell remained the same demonstrating the influence of number of anchoring groups on the stability of zinc phthalocyanine sensitized solar cells.
Organ-Specific Antigens of Liver, Testicle and Pituitary (1965)

Summary Fractions of bovine liver, testicle and anterior pituitary obtained by extraction at 100°C followed by ethanol precipitation were used as immunizing and in vitro antigens. By the use of rabbit immune sera, organ-specific antigens were demonstrated in these three organs. Liver- and testicle-specific antigens each gave one precipitation line, whereas two precipitation lines were formed with the preparation of anterior pituitary. Liver and testicle antigens were serologically unrelated, and neither of them was related to previously described organ-specific antigens of adrenal and brain which were encountered in similarly prepared organ fractions. Antisera to anterior pituitary combined with antigenic preparations of posterior pituitary, although this reaction was considerably weaker than the homologous reaction with the anterior pituitary antigen. Antisera to anterior pituitary cross-reacted with an adrenal preparation; the reaction pattern indicated that one of the two thermostable antigens characteristic for pituitary is shared by adrenal.
Strain-dependent variation in carbon source regulation of nucleus-encoded mitochondrial proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1995)

Nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins are regulated by carbon source with significant heterogeneity among four Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. This strain-dependent variation is seen both in respiratory capacity of the cells and in the expression of beta-galactosidase reporter fusions to the promoters of CYB2, CYC1, CYC3, MnSOD, and RPO41.
Design of 5G Full Dimension Massive MIMO Systems (2017)

This paper discusses full-dimension multiple-input-multiple-output (FD-MIMO) technology, which is currently an active area of research and standardization in wireless communications for evolution toward Fifth Generation (5G) cellular systems. FD-MIMO utilizes an active antenna system (AAS) with a 2-D planar array structure that not only allows a large number of antenna elements to be packed within feasible base station form factors, but also provides the ability of adaptive electronic beamforming in the 3-D space. However, the compact structure of large-scale planar arrays drastically increases the spatial correlation in FD-MIMO systems. In order to account for its effects, the generalized spatial correlation functions for channels constituted by individual elements and overall antenna ports in the AAS are derived. Exploiting the quasi-static channel covariance matrices of users, the problem of determining the optimal downtilt weight vector for antenna ports, which maximizes the minimum signal-to-interference ratio of a multi-user multiple-input-single-output system, is formulated as a fractional optimization problem. A quasi-optimal solution is obtained through the application of semi-definite relaxation and Dinkelbach's method. Finally, the user-group specific elevation beamforming scenario is devised, which offers significant performance gains as confirmed through simulations. These results have direct application in the analysis of 5G FD-MIMO systems.
Chemical occlusion of Rhesus Monkey oviducts with quinacrine. (1974)

Different doses of quinacrine in agar solution were instilled into the Fallopian tubes of healthy adult female rhesus monkeys in order to determine its effectiveness in producing tubal occlusion. The concentrations tested were 1% 10% 80% and 100%. The animals were sacrificed and checked for tubal blockade and histological changes at 7 15 30 60 and 100 days after treatment. Tubal blockade was noted at each time interval in all animals treated with 80% or 100% quinacrine.(AUTHORS MODIFIED)
Genomic aberration based molecular signatures efficiently characterize homologous recombination deficiency in prostate cancer (2019)

Abstract Background Prostate cancers with mutations in genes involved in homologous recombination (HR), most commonly BRCA2, respond favorably to PARP inhibition and platinum-based chemotherapy. It is not clear, however, whether other prostate tumors that do not harbor deleterious mutations in these particular genes can similarly be deficient in HR, rendering them sensitive to HR-directed therapies. To identify a more comprehensive set of prostate cancer cases with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) including those cases that do not harbor mutations in known HR genes. HRD levels can be estimated using various mutational signatures derived from next-generation sequencing data. We used this approach to determine whether prostate cancer cases display clear signs of HRD in somatic tumor biopsies. Whole genome (n=311) and whole exome sequencing data (n=498) of both primary and metastatic prostate adenocarcinomas (PRAD) were analyzed. Results Known BRCA-deficient samples showed robust signs of HR-deficiency associated mutational signatures. HRD-patterns were also detected in a subset of patients who did not harbor germline or somatic mutations in BRCA1/2 or other HR related genes. Patients with HRD signatures had a significantly worse prognosis than patients without signs of HRD. Conclusions These findings may expand the number of cases likely to respond to PARP-inhibitor treatment. Based on the HRD associated mutational signatures, 5-8 % of prostate cancer cases may be good candidates for PARP-inhibitor treatment (including those with BRCA1/2 mutations).
The Digital Front End: Bridge Between RF and Baseband Processing (2002)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The Front End of a Digital Transceiver Signal Characteristics Implementation Issues The Digital Front End Functionalities of the Digital Front End The Digital Front End in Mobile Terminals and Base Stations Digital Up- and Down-Conversion Initial Thoughts Theoretical Aspects Implementation Aspects The CORDIC Algorithm Digital Down-Conversion with the CORDIC Algorithm Digital Down-Conversion by Subsampling Channel Filtering Low-Pass Filtering after Digital Down-Conversion Band-Pass Filtering before Digital Down-Conversion Filterbank Channelizers Sample Rate Conversion Resampling after Reconstruction Rational Factor SRC Integer Factor SRC Concepts for SRC Systems for SRC Example Design Parameters Digital Down-Conversion Sample Rate Conversion Channel Filtering Summary Conclusion Acknowledgements References