gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic studies on non-heme iron monooxygenase catalysis: epoxidation, aldehyde formation and demethylation by the .omega.-hydroxylation system of Pseudomonas oleovorans (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanistic studies on non-heme iron monooxygenase catalysis: epoxidation, aldehyde formation and demethylation by the .omega.-hydroxylation system of Pseudomonas oleovoransAndreas G. Katopodis, Kandatege Wimalasena, Joseph Lee, and Sheldon W. MayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 25, 7928–7935Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00337a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00337a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views431Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tetramethylenetrinitramine Trifluoroacetates (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTetramethylenetrinitramine TrifluoroacetatesRussell Reed Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 4, 801–804Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01585a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01585a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views102Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fetal Hypothalamic Neuroprogenitor Cell Culture: Preferential Differentiation Paths Induced by Leptin and Insulin (2011)

In response to temporally orchestrated growth factor stimulation, developing neural stem/progenitor cells undergo extensive self-renewal and then generate neurons and astrocytes. Fetal neonatal leptin and insulin deficiency results in reduced hypothalamic axonal pathways regulating appetite, which may predispose to offspring hyperphagia and obesity. Neural development of the arcuate nucleus, a key target of adiposity signals, leptin and insulin, is immature at birth. Hence, to explore proximate effects of leptin/insulin on hypothalamic development, we determined trophic and differentiation effects on neural stem/progenitor cells using a model of fetal hypothalamic neurospheres (NS). NS cultures were produced from embryonic d 20 fetal rats and passage 1 and passage 2 cells examined for proliferation and differentiation into neurons (neuronal nuclei, class IIIβ-tubulin, and doublecortin) and astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein). Leptin-induced NS proliferation was significantly greater than that induced by insulin, although both effects were blocked by Notch, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, or signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 inhibition. Leptin preferentially induced neuronal, whereas insulin promoted astrocyte differentiation. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibition suppressed both leptin and insulin-mediated differentiation, whereas signal transducer and activator of transcription inhibition only affected leptin-mediated responses. These findings demonstrate preferential and disparate differentiation paths induced by leptin and insulin. Altered fetal exposure to leptin or insulin, resulting from fetal growth restriction, macrosomia, or maternal diabetes, may potentially have marked effects on fetal brain development.
Design and synthesis of an IEEE-754 exponential function (2003)

We have designed a floating-point exponential function using the table-driven method. The algorithm was first implemented using sequential VHDL and later translated to Concurrent Verilog. The main part of the work consisted of creating modules that would handle basic IEEE-754 single-precision number manipulation routines, such as addition, multiplication and rounding to the nearest integer. Using these routines, a model was implemented based on the table-driven algorithm. The VHDL design as well as the Verilog design were estimated, and the results proved to be satisfactory. Synthesis was performed using CMOSIS5 technology on the VHDL code and yielded a fairly large result.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Optimization and Structural Limitations of the Nitrile Aldol Reaction. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Physiological roles of the DnaK and GroE stress proteins: catalysts of protein folding or macromolecular sponges? (1991)

When organisms ranging from microbes to man are subjected to certain environmental stresses a characteristic 'heat shock' response is observed. In Escherichia coli this response is characterized by the induction of several proteins, three of which are the 70 kilodalton product of the dnaK gene, the 60 kilodalton product of the groEL (mopA) gene and the 15 kilodalton product of the groES (mopB) gene. In this review, utilizing enteric bacteria as model organisms, we focus on the role of these proteins within the context provided by well-established functions of other heat shock products. These facts serve as a starting point from which to speculate upon the in vivo role of these proteins during steady-state growth.
The Parathyroid Hormone 1 Receptor Directly Binds to the FERM Domain of Ezrin, an Interaction that Supports Apical Receptor Localization and Signaling in LLC-PK1 Cells (2009)

PTH 1 receptor (PTH1R) regulates mineral ion homeostasis. Both apical and basolateral PTH1R subpopulations exist within the renal proximal tubule. The purpose of this research was to examine determinants within the PTH1R that direct apical localization. When expressed in LLC-PK1 cells, a proximal tubule cell model, the PTH1R localizes to both apical and basolateral membranes. The C terminus of the PTH1R contains a psd-95, discs large, ZO-1 domain interaction motif that binds the sodium-hydrogen exchanger regulatory factor 1 (NHERF-1), a renal tubule scaffold protein. Receptors lacking the psd-95, discs large, ZO-1 domain interaction motif (PTH1R-CDelta4) partly localize to apical membranes, suggesting that additional factors may be involved. Ezrin, a membrane-cytoskeleton linking protein, directly binds NHERF-1 and thus links assembled complexes to actin. In vitro, subdomain C of the ezrin band 4.1, ezrin, radixin, domain interacts with the C-terminal tail of the PTH1R on a site that is mutually exclusive from the NHERF-1 interaction domain, suggesting the presence of a ternary complex. Mutating the lysine-arginine-lysine motif within the juxtamembrane region of the PTH1R C-terminal tail to alanines markedly disrupts interactions with the band 4.1, ezrin, radixin, domain of ezrin both in vitro and within cells. Inclusion of these mutations in the context of the full-length PTH1R disrupts apical localization with no effect on basolateral expression. Expression of a dominant-negative ezrin selectively disrupts apical expression and signaling of the PTH1R. However, dominant-negative ezrin does not affect expression or signaling of the basolateral PTH1R subpopulation. These findings reveal that direct ezrin interactions promote PTH1R apical localization and signaling in LLC-PK1 cells.
Of mice and men: the host response to influenza virus infection (2018)

Influenza virus (IV) infections represent a very serious public health problem. At present, no established biomarkers exist to support diagnosis for respiratory viral infections and more importantly for severe IV disease. Studies in animal models are extremely important to understand the biological, genetic, and environmental factors that contribute to severe IV disease and to validate biomarker candidates from human studies. However, mouse human cross-species comparisons are often compromised by the fact that animal studies concentrate on the infected lungs, whereas in humans almost all studies use peripheral blood from patients. In addition, human studies do not consider genetic background as variable although human populations are genetically very diverse. Therefore, in this study, we performed a cross-species gene expression study of the peripheral blood from human patients and from the highly genetically diverse Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse population after IV infection. Our results demonstrate that changes of gene expression in individual genes are highly similar in mice and humans. The top-regulated genes in humans were also differentially regulated in mice. We conclude that the mouse is a highly valuable in vivo model system to validate and to discover gene candidates which can be used as biomarkers in humans. Furthermore, mouse studies allow confirmation of findings in humans in a well-controlled experimental system adding enormous value to the understanding of expression and function of human candidate genes.
Symmetry and asymmetry in the human brain (2005)

Structural and functional asymmetry in the human brain and nervous system is reviewed in a historical perspective, focusing on the pioneering work of Broca, Wernicke, Sperry, and Geschwind. Structural and functional asymmetry is exemplified from work done in our laboratory on auditory laterality using an empirical procedure called dichotic listening . This also involves different ways of validating the dichotic listening procedure against both invasive and non-invasive techniques, including PET and fMRI blood flow recordings. A major argument is that the human brain shows a substantial interaction between structurally, or ‘bottom-up’ asymmetry and cognitively, or ‘top-down’ modulation, through a focus of attention to the right or left side in auditory space. These results open up a more dynamic and interactive view of functional brain asymmetry than the traditional static view that the brain is lateralized, or asymmetric, only for specific stimuli and stimulus properties.
The Prion Protein Has RNA Binding and Chaperoning Properties Characteristic of Nucleocapsid Protein NCp7 of HIV-1 (2001)

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are fatal neurodegenerative diseases associated with the accumulation of a protease-resistant form of the prion protein (PrP). Although PrP is conserved in vertebrates, its function remains to be identified. In vitro PrP binds large nucleic acids causing the formation of nucleoprotein complexes resembling human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) nucleocapsid-RNA complexes and in vivo MuLV replication accelerates the scrapie infectious process, suggesting possible interactions between retroviruses and PrP. Retroviruses, including HIV-1 encode a major nucleic acid binding protein (NC protein) found within the virus where 2000 NC protein molecules coat the dimeric genome. NC is required in virus assembly and infection to chaperone RNA dimerization and packaging and in proviral DNA synthesis by reverse transcriptase (RT). In HIV-1, 5'-leader RNA/NC interactions appear to control these viral processes. This prompted us to compare and contrast the interactions of human and ovine PrP and HIV-1 NCp7 with HIV-1 5'-leader RNA. Results show that PrP has properties characteristic of NCp7 with respect to viral RNA dimerization and proviral DNA synthesis by RT. The NC-like properties of huPrP map to the N-terminal region of huPrP. Interestingly, PrP localizes in the membrane and cytoplasm of PrP-expressing cells. These findings suggest that PrP is a multifunctional protein possibly participating in nucleic acid metabolism.
Preservation of steatotic livers in IGL-1 solution (2006)

A new Institut Georges Lopez (IGL-1) solution was used to preserve steatotic livers. Steatotic (obese [Ob]) and nonsteatotic (lean [Ln]) livers from Zücker rats (n = 16, 8 Ln and 8 Ob) were preserved for 24 hours at 4 degrees C in University of Wisconsin (UW) or IGL-1 solution, respectively, and then perfused ex vivo for 2 hours at 37 degrees C. Additionally, Ob and Ln livers (n = 16, 8 Ln and 8 Ob) were preserved in IGL-1 plus Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME). Hepatic injury and function (aminotransferases, bile production, bromosulfophthalein clearance), and factors potentially involved in the susceptibility of steatotic livers to ischemia-reperfusion injury, such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and vascular resistance, were studied. Nitric oxide (NO) production and constitutive and inducible NO synthase were also measured. Steatotic and nonsteatotic livers preserved in IGL-1 solution showed lower transaminases, malondialdehyde, glutamate dehydrogenase levels, and higher bile production than UW-solution-preserved livers. IGL-1 solution protected against oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage and the alterations in vascular resistance associated with cold ischemia-reperfusion. Thus, at the end of reperfusion period, aspartate aminotransferase levels in steatotic livers were 281 +/- 6 U/L in UW vs. 202 +/- 10 U/L in IGL-1 solution. Glutamate dehydrogenase was 463 +/- 75 U/L in UW vs. 111 +/- 4 U/L in IGL-1 solution, and oxidative stress was 3.0 +/- 0.1 nmol/mg prot in UW vs. 2.0 +/- 0.1 nmol/mg prot in IGL-1 solution. These beneficial effects of IGL-1 solution were abolished by the addition of L-NAME, which implicates NO in the benefits of IGL-1. In conclusion, IGL-1 solution provided steatotic livers with better protection against the deleterious effects of cold ischemia-reperfusion injury than did UW solution.
<i>Mycobacterium vaccae</i> (SRL172): a potential immunological adjuvant evaluated in rat prostate cancer (1998)

Mycobacterium vaccae deserves further evaluation as an adjuvant to whole tumour cell vaccination in a phase I clinical trial in patients with prostate cancer.
<i>Clostridium difficile</i> Toxin Biology (2017)

Clostridium difficile is the cause of antibiotics-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. The pathogen produces three protein toxins: C. difficile toxins A (TcdA) and B (TcdB), and C. difficile transferase toxin (CDT). The single-chain toxins TcdA and TcdB are the main virulence factors. They bind to cell membrane receptors and are internalized. The N-terminal glucosyltransferase and autoprotease domains of the toxins translocate from low-pH endosomes into the cytosol. After activation by inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6), the autoprotease cleaves and releases the glucosyltransferase domain into the cytosol, where GTP-binding proteins of the Rho/Ras family are mono-O-glucosylated and, thereby, inactivated. Inactivation of Rho proteins disturbs the organization of the cytoskeleton and affects multiple Rho-dependent cellular processes, including loss of epithelial barrier functions, induction of apoptosis, and inflammation. CDT, the third C. difficile toxin, is a binary actin-ADP-ribosylating toxin that causes depolymerization of actin, thereby inducing formation of the microtubule-based protrusions. Recent progress in understanding of the toxins' actions include insights into the toxin structures, their interaction with host cells, and functional consequences of their actions.
Computing rates of Markov models of voltage-gated ion channels by inverting partial differential equations governing the probability density functions of the conducting and non-conducting states (2016)

Markov models are ubiquitously used to represent the function of single ion channels. However, solving the inverse problem to construct a Markov model of single channel dynamics from bilayer or patch-clamp recordings remains challenging, particularly for channels involving complex gating processes. Methods for solving the inverse problem are generally based on data from voltage clamp measurements. Here, we describe an alternative approach to this problem based on measurements of voltage traces. The voltage traces define probability density functions of the functional states of an ion channel. These probability density functions can also be computed by solving a deterministic system of partial differential equations. The inversion is based on tuning the rates of the Markov models used in the deterministic system of partial differential equations such that the solution mimics the properties of the probability density function gathered from (pseudo) experimental data as well as possible. The optimization is done by defining a cost function to measure the difference between the deterministic solution and the solution based on experimental data. By evoking the properties of this function, it is possible to infer whether the rates of the Markov model are identifiable by our method. We present applications to Markov model well-known from the literature.
A General and Highly Efficient Solid Phase Synthesis of Oligosaccharides. Total Synthesis of a Heptasaccharide Phytoalexin Elicitor (HPE) (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA General and Highly Efficient Solid Phase Synthesis of Oligosaccharides. Total Synthesis of a Heptasaccharide Phytoalexin Elicitor (HPE)K. C. Nicolaou, Nicolas Winssinger, Joaquín Pastor, and Frederik DeRooseView Author Information Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla, California 92037 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 2, 449–450Publication Date (Web):January 15, 1997Publication History Received4 October 1996Published online15 January 1997Published inissue 1 January 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja963482ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja963482grapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2802Altmetric-Citations200LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Hydrocarbons,Oligosaccharides,Solid phase synthesis,Solids Get e-Alerts
Evolving Takagi‐Sugeno Fuzzy Systems from Streaming Data (eTS+) (2010)

It is a well-known fact that nowadays we are faced not only with large data sets that we need to process quickly, but with huge data streams. Special requirements are also placed by the fast-growing sector of autonomous systems, where systems that can retrain and adapt on-the-fly are needed. The author of this chapter started research work in this direction around the turn of the century, and this research culminated in proposing with Dr. D. Filev the so-called evolving Takagi-Sugeno (eTS) fuzzy system. eTS fuzzy systems can, in general, be of the multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) type. One effective online technique proposed in Angelov and Filev (2003) is based on partitioning the data space into overlapping local regions through recursive density estimation (RDE) and associating clusters to them. Once the structure of the evolving fuzzy system eTS+ is defined and established, the problem of parameter identification becomes important. Controlled Vocabulary Terms fuzzy systems; MIMO systems; Streaming media
Reactions of β-Pinene (1950)

It is shown that some of the compounds formerly reported to be electrolytic oxidation products of turpentine are not oxidation products but are products of isomerization and hydration. These latter reactions are due to the influence of the emulsifying agents used in the electrolytic process. Other reported products appear to have been present in the original substances used. The effect of electrolytic oxidation on α‐ and β‐pinenes and on cyclohexene under the stated conditions is presented.
Role of erythrocytes and serum proteins in the kinetic profile of total 9-amino-20(S)-camptothecin in humans (1999)

9-Amino-20(S)-camptothecin (9-AC) is a water-insoluble topoisomerase I inhibitor with evident schedule-dependent antitumor activity in preclinical studies. The pharmacokinetic behavior of 9-AC given as a bolus i.v. infusion (1.0 mg/m2 over 5 min) was recently characterized in 12 patients in a bioavailability study. Remarkable rebound concentrations of 9-AC total drug (i.e. lactone plus carboxylate forms) were observed at about 2-3 h after dosing. In vitro experiments indicated that this phenomenon was associated with a substantial uptake of 9-AC lactone by erythrocytes immediately after dosing and its subsequent release followed by accumulation of 9-AC carboxylate in the plasma compartment mediated by a pH-dependent hydrolysis of the lactone form, which is unable to diffuse across cell membranes. The preferential binding of 9-AC carboxylate to human serum albumin shifts the equilibrium between the lactone and carboxylate forms of 9-AC to the pharmacological inactive carboxylate form.