gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accelerated hydrothermal weathering of silicone rubber, EPDM, and their blends (1994)

Abstract Hydrothermal weathering of the peroxide vulcanized specimens of silicone rubber, EPDM rubber, and their 50 : 50 blend carried out for various durations at different temperatures reveals that silicone is very susceptible to degradation. For example, the modulus, the strength, and the elongation at break consistently fall with aging period. For 72 h of aging at 210°C, it practically loses its rubberiness (elongation < 50%); while EPDM and the 50 : 50 blend maintain more than 100% elongation at break during the times and temperatures. While hydrolytic chain scission is the main degradation mechanism for silicone, EPDM undergoes a predominantly crosslinking reaction. The kinetics study reveals that the better retention of properties of the blends over silicone is due to an increase in the activation energy of degradation in the presence of EPDM rubber, and this protection effect is higher in liquid‐phase weathering than in steam‐phase weathering. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Realizing Efficient Wireless Power Transfer Using Small Folded Cylindrical Helix Dipoles (2010)

We demonstrate that electrically small antennas can be designed to approach the recently derived theoretical bounds for wireless power transfer. Short dipole coupling is first simulated to determine the antenna design specifications for efficient coupling beyond the coupled mode region. Electrically small (kr=0.31) but highly efficient folded cylindrical helix (FCH) dipoles with 50- input impedance are designed. The power transfer efficiency (PTE) between two such antennas is simulated for the colinear and parallel configurations. Two FCH dipoles are constructed, and the PTE between them is measured and compared to the simulation. The measured results show a PTE of 40% at a distance of 0.25 (0.39 m at 195 MHz) in the colinear configuration.
Autologous platelet rich plasma for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. A pilot study (2008)

No adverse events related to this application were noted during the procedure. The application of platelet rich plasma during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair is safe and effective, and produces results which seem to be stable with time. A prospective randomized investigation will be necessary to ascertain the efficacy of platelet rich plasma application to improve or expedite the surgical outcome following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.
Primary 1-Arylcyclopropylamines from Aryl Cyanides with Diethylzinc and Titanium Alkoxides (2003)

1-Aryl-substituted primary cyclopropylamines are conveniently prepared from aromatic nitriles and diethylzinc. The yields range from 40 to 56% for donor-substituted (five examples) to 62−82% for non- and acceptor-substituted substrates (nine examples).
Venereal trichomoniasis: role of men. (1987)

It has been suggested that high zinc concentrations found in men may prevent Trichomonas vaginalis from being established in the male reproductive tract. In this investigation T vaginalis was readily killed at concentrations of zinc that occur in the prostatic fluid of healthy men (minimum trichomonacidal concentration (MTC) of 6.4 mmol/l). T vaginalis was also shown to be killed by human prostatic extracts as well as by human seminal fluid, even when the zinc content was much lower than the MTC for T vaginalis. It seems likely, therefore, that there are at least two antitrichomonal mechanisms in the male reproductive tract, one being zinc dependent and the other not relating to zinc content. Tritrichomonas foetus, which causes venereal trichomoniasis in cattle, was unaffected by bovine seminal fluid and was killed by zinc only at concentrations far higher than those found in the prostatic fluid in the bull (MTC 200 mmol/l).
Crystal Structures. (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystal Structures.Harold P. KlugCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 4, 1011–1012Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01489a075https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01489a075research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views61Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of Volatile Methyl Jasmonate on the Oxylipin Pathway in Tobacco, Cucumber, and Arabidopsis (1995)

The effect of atmospheric methyl jasmonate on the oxylipin pathway was investigated in leaves of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativa L.), and Arabidopsis thaliana (L.). Differential sensitivities of test plants to methyl jasmonate were observed. Thus, different concentrations of methyl jasmonate were required for induction of changes in the oxylipin pathway. Arabidopsis was the least and cucumber the most sensitive to methyl jasmonate. Methyl jasmonate induced the accumulation of lipoxygenase protein and a corresponding increase in extractable lipoxygenase activity. Atmospheric methyl jasmonate additionally induced hydroperoxide lyase activity and the enhanced production of several volatile six-carbon products. It is interesting that lipid hydroperoxidase activity, which is a measure of hydroperoxide lyase plus allene oxide synthase plus possibly other lipid hydroperoxide-metabolizing activities, was not changed by methyl jasmonate treatment. Methyl jasmonate selectively altered the activity of certain enzymes of the oxylipin pathway (lipoxygenase and hydroperoxide lyase) and increased the potential of leaves for greatly enhanced six-carbon-volatile production.
Pulsed antennas (1974)

The problem of pulsed antennas has two complementary parts: i) analysis of the radiation field when the driving voltage is given and ii) synthesis of the driven voltage when the radiation field is given. In this paper a number of heuristic procedures are presented, relating to the computation of transient radiation from elementary sources, coaxial apertures, infinitely long cylindrical antennas, finite cylindrical antennas, and loop antennas. Comparison with available rigorous solutions and experiments is also provided.
Interaction of Protein C Inhibitor with the Type II Transmembrane Serine Protease Enteropeptidase (2012)

The serine protease inhibitor protein C inhibitor (PCI) is expressed in many human tissues and exhibits broad protease reactivity. PCI binds glycosaminoglycans and certain phospholipids, which modulate its inhibitory activity. Enteropeptidase (EP) is a type II transmembrane serine protease mainly found on the brush border membrane of epithelial cells in the duodenum, where it activates trypsinogen to initiate the digestion of food proteins. Some active EP is also present in duodenal fluid and has been made responsible for causing pancreatitis in case of duodeno-pancreatic reflux. Together with its substrate trypsinogen, EP is furthermore present in the epidermis and in some cancer cells. In this report, we show that PCI inhibited EP with an apparent 2nd order rate constant of 4.48 × 10(4) M(-1) s(-1). Low molecular weight (LMWH) and unfractionated heparin (UFH) slightly reduced the inhibitory effect of PCI. The SI (stoichiometry of inhibition) value for the inhibition of EP by PCI was 10.8 in the absence and 17.9 in the presence of UFH (10 U/ml). By inhibiting trypsin, chymotrypsin, and additionally EP, PCI might play a role in the protection of the pancreas from autodigestion. Furthermore the interaction of PCI with EP may influence the regulation of epithelial differentiation.
Database support for engineering CAD and simulation (2003)

An integrated database architecture is presented to support the diverse requirements of a CAD environment. The resulting CAD system consists of a design representation database, an existing-design database, and a parts catalog database. The design representation database stores and manages designs currently being developed. The existing-design database and the parts catalog database serve as suggestion systems. The first suggestion system helps the designer by recommending an existing design that closely satisfies the input specifications. In the second suggestion system, the user provides an incomplete component specification and the system suggests a set of standard components that fit these descriptions. A structure-function CAD modeling paradigm is used to represent designs, to perform simulations, and to let designs evolve over time. The structural information represents the physical or the logical aspects of the design, whereas the functional information represents the behavioral aspects of the design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Use of Stuck Pipe Statistics To Reduce the Occurrence of Stuck Pipe (1990)

ABSTRACT The occurrence of stuck pipe can significantly increase the cost of drilling, decrease, if not eliminate, the success in reaching objectives, and negate attempts to retrieve valuable formation evaluation data. We have developed many tools and techniques in the oil field to solve problems such as stuck pipe after they occur, but the real key to savings and success is in the avoidance of the problem to begin with. Approximately 600 wells were analyzed throughout the Gulf Coast and this survey included trouble free wells and those which had experienced differential and mechanical sticking as well. From this data, we are able to predict the environments which are likely to have a high risk of stuck pipe occurrence. Once knowing the risk factors, we are able to either design the well to avoid the high risk situations or to plan for it accordingly. The results of this statistical analysis will be presented in a simple format which enables one to estimate the risk of occurrence for a given well. Use of the information for both well planning and the successful execution phase will be explained and demonstrated. Examples of the occurrence of problems when entering the high risk areas will also be illustrated. During the course of drilling some 100 wells, with attention to the guide lines to be presented, only eight incidences of stuck pipe were encountered.
PHOTOCATALYTIC HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM WATER BY THE DECOMPOSITION OF POLY-VINYLCHLORIDE, PROTEIN, ALGAE, DEAD INSECTS, AND EXCREMENT (1981)

Abstract Xe-lamp irradiation of a platinized TiO2 photocatalyst in the presence of water and chlorine or nitrogen containing organic molecules, synthetic or natural, leads to the production of hydrogen at room temperature without the release of halogen or nitrogen compounds in the gas phase.
Wide-Plate Testing of Weldments: Part II—Wide-Plate Evaluation of Notch Toughness (1990)

This paper, which is Part II of this series on wide-plate testing of weldments, reviews various wide-plate test specimen designs in relation to their intended uses. In addition, some specimen designs are discussed which are recommended for particular structural details that cannot be modeled by means of a flat uniaxial wide-plate test. Further, the preparation and testing of wide-plate specimens are reviewed. Finally, consideration is given to certain aspects of the weldment test procedure and to the interpretation and significance of wide-plate test results.
Dispatching Petroleum Products (1995)

Petroleum products are distributed worldwide from refineries and lube plants to retail outlets and industrial customers. Proper dispatching of shipments of such products, packaged and in bulk, may result in significant transportation and inventory cost savings. This work examines the variety of operational environments which exist in dispatching petroleum products, and the operations research tools used by oil companies to dispatch such products. In addition, it identifies gaps where additional research is needed.
Genetic synthesis and characterization of pH‐ and temperature‐sensitive silk‐elastinlike protein block copolymers (2002)

The purpose of this work was to synthesize and characterize a pH- and temperature-sensitive block copolymer containing repeating sequences from silk (Gly-Ala-Gly-Ala-Gly-Ser) and elastin (Gly-Val-Gly-Val-Pro) protein. The monomer contained one repeat of silk and eight repeat units of elastin, with the first valine in one of the elastin repeats being replaced by glutamic acid. The copolymer was synthesized using genetic engineering techniques. The sensitivity of the copolymer to pH and temperature was examined at various polymer concentrations and ionic strengths. Turbidity measurements were carried out over a temperature range of 20 to 100 degrees C at various pH, concentration, and ionic strength values. The introduction of an ionizable residue (glutamic acid) rendered the copolymer sensitive to changes in pH. The transition termperature (T(t)), the temperature at which the polymer became insoluble upon increase in temperature, was modulated by changing the pH. In general, the T(t) value, was found: (1) to increase with an increase in pH, (2) to decrease with increasing ionic strength, and (3) to decrease with increasing concentration. Results of these studies suggest that by strategic placement of charged amino acids in genetically engineered silk-elastinlike protein block copolymers it is possible to precisely control sensitivity to stimuli such as pH and temperature.
Radiometallated peptides for molecular imaging and targeted therapy (2011)

In developed countries, cancer is the second leading cause of death, being only surpassed by cardiovascular diseases. To develop tumor-targeted tools to localize and treat cancer at an early stage is a multidisciplinary area fuelled by the convergence of biology, medicine, chemistry, physics and engineering. Chemists, in particular, play a critical role in this effort, as they are continuously challenged to use innovative chemical strategies to develop 'smart drugs'. The in vitro observation that peptide receptors are overexpressed in certain tumors, as compared to endogenous expression levels, has prompted the use of such receptors as targets and the design of radiolabelled peptide-based tools for targeted nuclear molecular imaging and therapy. Such approach has gained increased interest over the last two decades, driven in particular by the success of OctreoScan(®) and by the increasing knowledge concerning overexpression of regulatory peptide receptors in tumor tissues. Selected peptides that target a variety of disease related receptors are in place and have been labeled with different radiometals, using mainly the bifunctional approach. This review begins by summarizing some relevant aspects of the coordination chemistry of the metals studied for labeling peptides. Then, we provide an overview of the chemical strategies explored to improve the biological performance of different families of radiometallated peptides for nuclear molecular imaging and/or targeted radionuclide tumor therapy.
Vaginal spermicides and congenital disorders (1981)

Among 763 liveborn infants of white women who had obtained a vaginal spermicide in the ten months before conception, the prevalence of certain major congenital anomalies was 2.2%. The prevalence of such anomalies in a comparison group of 3,902 infants was 1.0%. The difference between these groups was due to an excess of limb-reduction deformities, neoplasms, syndromes associated with chromosomal abnormalities, and hypospadias in the infants whose mothers are presumed to have used vaginal spermicides. Pregnancies in women who had used vaginal spermicides ended in spontaneous abortion requiring hospitalization 1.8 times more commonly than did pregnancies in those who had not. Since a well-defined syndrome among babies with congenital disorders whose mothers used spermicides was not present, these results should be considered tentative until confirmed by other data. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;245:1329-1332)
Crossed Wires (2016)

Considerable research has focused on the problems that end users face when programming software, in order to help them overcome their difficulties, but there is little research into the problems that arise in physical computing when end users construct circuits and program them. In an empirical study, we observed end-user developers as they connected a temperature sensor to an Arduino microcontroller and visualized its readings using LEDs. We investigated how many problems participants encountered, the problem locations, and whether they were overcome. We show that most fatal faults were due to incorrect circuit construction, and that often problems were wrongly diagnosed as program bugs. Whereas there are development environments that help end users create and debug software, there is currently little analogous support for physical computing tasks. Our work is a first step towards building appropriate tools that support end-user developers in overcoming obstacles when constructing physical computing artifacts.
Cross-level protection of circuits against faults and malicious attacks (2012)

Nanoscale electronics is increasingly affected by disturbances caused by radiation, noise and effects of statistical process variations. Moreover, deliberate injection of faults into cryptographic circuits is used by malicious attackers to perform cryptanalysis and gain access to sensitive information. Error-detecting codes are employed to protect circuits against such disturbances, and new advanced codes specifically designed to counter malicious attacks have recently been introduced. However, a number of logic gates in the circuit are not adequately protected by the error-detecting code, as faults affecting these gates escape detection with a relatively high probability. We introduce a cross-level protection solution, where a light-weight error-detecting code is combined with hardening of insufficiently protected gates using transistor resizing. Such gates are determined by FPGA-supported fault injection. A thorough electrical analysis is performed in order to modify the electrical parameters of these gates such that faults are highly unlikely. We report area and power overhead for a number of error-detecting codes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work which co-optimizes fault handling by information redundancy based on error-detecting codes and by hardening individual circuit elements.
Kinetic Dissection of the Catalytic Mechanism of Taurine:α-Ketoglutarate Dioxygenase (TauD) from <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2005)

Recent studies on taurine:alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase (TauD) from Escherichia coli have provided evidence for a three-step, minimal kinetic mechanism involving the quaternary TauD.Fe(II).alpha-ketoglutarate.taurine complex, the taurine-hydroxylating Fe(IV)-oxo intermediate (J) that forms upon reaction of the quaternary complex with O(2), and a poorly defined, Fe(II)-containing intermediate state that converts in the rate-limiting step back to the quaternary complex [Price, J. C., Barr, E. W., Tirupati, B., Bollinger, J. M., Jr., and Krebs, C. (2003) Biochemistry 42, 7497-7508]. The mapping of this kinetic mechanism onto the consensus chemical mechanism for the Fe(II)- and alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent engendered several predictions and additional questions that have been experimentally addressed in the present study. The results demonstrate (1) that postulated intermediates between the quaternary complex and J accumulate very little or not at all; (2) that decarboxylation of alpha-ketoglutarate occurs prior to or concomitantly with formation of J; (3) that the second intermediate state comprises one or more product complex with Mossbauer features that are partially resolved from those of the binary TauD.Fe(II), ternary TauD.Fe(II).alpha-ketoglutarate, and quaternary TauD.Fe(II).alpha-ketoglutarate.taurine complexes; and (4) that the rate-determining step in the catalytic cycle is release of product(s) prior to the rapid, ordered binding of alpha-ketoglutarate and then taurine to regenerate the O(2)-reactive quaternary complex. The results thus integrate the previously proposed kinetic and chemical mechanisms and indicate which of the postulated intermediates in the latter will be detectable only upon perturbation of the kinetics by changes in reaction conditions (e.g., temperature), protein mutagenesis, the use of substrate analogues, or some combination of these.
Rapid impairment of skeletal muscle glucose transport/phosphorylation by free fatty acids in humans. (1999)

The initial effects of free fatty acids (FFAs) on glucose transport/phosphorylation were studied in seven healthy men in the presence of elevated (1.44 +/- 0.16 mmol/l), basal (0.35 +/- 0.06 mmol/l), and low (<0.01 mmol/l; control) plasma FFA concentrations (P < 0.05 between all groups) during euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps. Concentrations of glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P), inorganic phosphate (Pi), phosphocreatine, ADP, and pH in calf muscle were measured every 3.2 min for 180 min by using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Rates of whole-body glucose uptake increased similarly until 140 min but thereafter declined by approximately 20% in the presence of basal and high FFAs (42.8 +/- 3.6 and 41.6 +/- 3.3 vs. control: 52.7 +/- 3.3 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1), P < 0.05). The rise of intramuscular G-6-P concentrations was already blunted at 45 min of high FFA exposure (184 +/- 17 vs. control: 238 +/- 17 micromol/l, P = 0.008). At 180 min, G-6-P was lower in the presence of both high and basal FFAs (197 +/- 21 and 213 +/- 18 vs. control: 286 +/- 19 micromol/l, P < 0.05). Intramuscular pH decreased by -0.013 +/- 0.001 (P < 0.005) during control but increased by +0.008 +/- 0.002 (P < 0.05) during high FFA exposure, while Pi rose by approximately 0.39 mmol/l (P < 0.005) within 70 min and then slowly decreased in all studies. In conclusion, the lack of an initial peak and the early decline of muscle G-6-P concentrations suggest that even at physiological concentrations, FFAs primarily inhibit glucose transport/phosphorylation, preceding the reduction of whole-body glucose disposal by up to 120 min in humans.
<title>Voltage to frequency converter for DAC test</title> (2005)

In this paper a modified relaxation oscillator is proposed as the core of an analog to digital modulator for on chip signal extraction for test.The architecture uses digital current source generation and digital switching in place of active circuitry.The resulting design allows for high input sensitivity, robustness to component variation while occupying little silicon area.This paper provides solutions on the main challenges in implementing this modulator and how it may be integrated with a digital based tester.
Joseph Eotvos and the Modernization of Hungary, 1840-1870. A Study of Ideas of Individuality and Social Pluralism in Modern Politics (1972)

Joseph Eötvös and the Modernization of Hungary, 1840-1870. A Study of Ideas of Individuality and Social Pluralism in Modern Politics, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 62, No. 2 (1972), pp. 1-134