gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigations of the nature of dehydrogenation of the .alpha.-carbon atom in the oxidation of amines coordinated to ruthenium (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInvestigations of the nature of dehydrogenation of the .alpha.-carbon atom in the oxidation of amines coordinated to rutheniumF. Richard Keene, Michael J. Ridd, and Michael R. SnowCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 24, 7075–7081Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00362a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00362a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views345Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A honey bee odorant receptor for the queen substance 9-oxo-2-decenoic acid (2007)

By using a functional genomics approach, we have identified a honey bee [Apis mellifera (Am)] odorant receptor (Or) for the queen substance 9-oxo-2-decenoic acid (9-ODA). Honey bees live in large eusocial colonies in which a single queen is responsible for reproduction, several thousand sterile female worker bees complete a myriad of tasks to maintain the colony, and several hundred male drones exist only to mate. The "queen substance" [also termed the queen retinue pheromone (QRP)] is an eight-component pheromone that maintains the queen's dominance in the colony. The main component, 9-ODA, acts as a releaser pheromone by attracting workers to the queen and as a primer pheromone by physiologically inhibiting worker ovary development; it also acts as a sex pheromone, attracting drones during mating flights. However, the extent to which social and sexual chemical messages are shared remains unresolved. By using a custom chemosensory-specific microarray and qPCR, we identified four candidate sex pheromone Ors (AmOr10, -11, -18, and -170) from the honey bee genome based on their biased expression in drone antennae. We assayed the pheromone responsiveness of these receptors by using Xenopus oocytes and electrophysiology. AmOr11 responded specifically to 9-ODA (EC50=280+/-31 nM) and not to any of the other seven QRP components, other social pheromones, or floral odors. We did not observe any responses of the other three Ors to any of the eight QRP pheromone components, suggesting 9-ODA is the only QRP component that also acts as a long-distance sex pheromone.
BRICK: A Novel Exact Active Statistics Counter Architecture (2011)

In this paper, we present an exact active statistics counter architecture called Bucketized Rank Indexed Counters (BRICK) that can efficiently store per-flow variable-width statistics counters entirely in SRAM while supporting both fast updates and lookups (e.g., 40-Gb/s line rates). BRICK exploits statistical multiplexing by randomly bundling counters into small fixed-size buckets and supports dynamic sizing of counters by employing an innovative indexing scheme called rank indexing. Experiments with Internet traces show that our solution can indeed maintain large arrays of exact active statistics counters with moderate amounts of SRAM.
Ordering accesses to improving transaction processing performance (2003)

The order of queries within a transaction and the order of access to granules within a query may sometimes be varied without changing the results of the transaction. The authors have improved performance by accessing granules in inverse order of their frequency of use. They call this inverse hotness ordering, or IHO. They have proposed several methods of estimation and storage of hotness information, and have simulated IHO in a variety of circumstances.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ovarian Cancer, Version 2.2013 (2013)

These NCCN Guidelines Insights focus on the major updates to the 2013 NCCN Guidelines for Ovarian Cancer. Four updates were selected based on recent important updates in the guidelines and on debate among panel members about recent clinical trials. The topics include 1) intraperitoneal chemotherapy, 2) CA-125 monitoring for ovarian cancer recurrence, 3) surveillance recommendations for less common ovarian histopathologies, and 4) recent changes in therapy for recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer. These NCCN Guidelines Insights also discuss why some recommendations were not made.
Bone marrow: An extra-pancreatic hideout for the elusive pancreatic stem cell? (2003)

Nonstandard abbreviations used: muscle LIM protein (MLP); phospholamban (PLN); cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ ATPase (SERCA2a); β-adrenergic receptor kinase-1 (βARK1); sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
Characteristics of corona stabilisers with hydrogen–helium fillings (1966)

Voltage/current curves, initial voltage drifts and voltage–temperature coefficients have been observed for helium–hydrogen-filled corona tubes with glass envelopes for a range of helium contents.
Link-time binary rewriting techniques for program compaction (2005)

Small program size is an important requirement for embedded systems with limited amounts of memory. We describe how link-time compaction through binary rewriting can achieve code size reductions of up to 62% for statically bound languages such as C, C++, and Fortran, without compromising on performance. We demonstrate how the limited amount of information about a program at link time can be exploited to overcome overhead resulting from separate compilation. This is done with scalable, cost-effective, whole-program analyses, optimizations, and duplicate code and data elimination techniques. The discussed techniques are evaluated and their cost-effectiveness is quantified with Squeeze++, a prototype link-time compactor.
Optimizing quantum heuristics with meta-learning (2021)

Abstract Variational quantum algorithms, a class of quantum heuristics, are promising candidates for the demonstration of useful quantum computation. Finding the best way to amplify the performance of these methods on hardware is an important task. Here, we evaluate the optimization of quantum heuristics with an existing class of techniques called “meta-learners.” We compare the performance of a meta-learner to evolutionary strategies, L-BFGS-B and Nelder-Mead approaches, for two quantum heuristics (quantum alternating operator ansatz and variational quantum eigensolver), on three problems, in three simulation environments. We show that the meta-learner comes near to the global optima more frequently than all other optimizers we tested in a noisy parameter setting environment. We also find that the meta-learner is generally more resistant to noise, for example, seeing a smaller reduction in performance in Noisy and Sampling environments, and performs better on average by a “gain” metric than its closest comparable competitor L-BFGS-B. Finally, we present evidence that indicates the meta-learner trained on small problems will generalize to larger problems. These results are an important indication that meta-learning and associated machine learning methods will be integral to the useful application of noisy near-term quantum computers.
Implementation and experimental evaluation of a Collision-Free MAC protocol for WLANs (2015)

Collisions are a main cause of throughput degradation in Wireless LANs. The current contention mechanism for these networks is based on a random backoff strategy to avoid collisions with other transmitters. Even though it can reduce the probability of collisions, the random backoff prevents users from achieving Collision-Free schedules, where the channel would be used more efficiently. Modifying the contention mechanism by waiting for a deterministic timer after successful transmissions, users would be able to construct a Collision-Free schedule among successful contenders. This work shows the experimental results of a Collision-Free MAC (CF-MAC) protocol for WLANs using commercial hardware and open firmware for wireless network cards which is able to support many users. Testbed results show that the proposed CF-MAC protocol leads to a better distribution of the available bandwidth among users, higher throughput and lower losses than the unmodified WLANs clients using a legacy firmware.
General Relativity and Flat Space. II (1940)

The possibility is considered of interpreting the formalism of the general theory of relativity in terms of flat space, the fundamental tensor ${g}_{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}}$ being regarded as describing the gravitational field but having no direct connection with geometry. The resulting theory in general leads to the same predictions as the Einstein theory, but there are cases where the predictions differ. The present theory may explain the principal results obtained by D. C. Miller in his "ether-drift" experiments. The implications of the theory for cosmology are briefly touched upon.
Loss of CRB2 in Müller glial cells modifies a CRB1-associated retinitis pigmentosa phenotype into a Leber congenital amaurosis phenotype (2018)

Variations in the human Crumbs homolog-1 (CRB1) gene lead to an array of retinal dystrophies including early onset of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) in children. To investigate the physiological roles of CRB1 and CRB2 in retinal Müller glial cells (MGCs), we analysed mouse retinas lacking both proteins in MGC. The peripheral retina showed a faster progression of dystrophy than the central retina. The central retina showed retinal folds, disruptions at the outer limiting membrane, protrusion of photoreceptor nuclei into the inner and outer segment layers and ingression of photoreceptor nuclei into the photoreceptor synaptic layer. The peripheral retina showed a complete loss of the photoreceptor synapse layer, intermingling of photoreceptor nuclei within the inner nuclear layer and ectopic photoreceptor cells in the ganglion cell layer. Electroretinography showed severe attenuation of the scotopic a-wave at 1 month of age with responses below detection levels at 3 months of age. The double knockout mouse retinas mimicked a phenotype equivalent to a clinical LCA phenotype due to loss of CRB1. Localization of CRB1 and CRB2 in non-human primate (NHP) retinas was analyzed at the ultrastructural level. We found that NHP CRB1 and CRB2 proteins localized to the subapical region adjacent to adherens junctions at the outer limiting membrane in MGC and photoreceptors. Our data suggest that loss of CRB2 in MGC aggravates the CRB1-associated RP-like phenotype towards an LCA-like phenotype.
Open‐label, investigator‐initiated, single‐site exploratory trial evaluating secukinumab, an anti‐interleukin‐17A monoclonal antibody, for patients with moderate‐to‐severe hidradenitis suppurativa (2019)

Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of the apocrine gland-rich intertriginous areas.(1) HS lesions have an elevated Th17 immune response, and it is often challenging to treat patients, with existing therapies having limited efficacy.(2,3) We sought to investigate the role of secukinumab, a human monoclonal antibody that inhibits Interleukin-17A, in HS treatment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Immunoglobulin complexes in sera of patients with malignancy (1977)

Sera frour 146 patients with malignancy, 59 normal controls and 42 patients hospitalized with non-malignant diseases were examined by a precipitin test with monoclonal rheumatoid factor (mRF) for the presence of circulating immune complexes containing IgG. Forty-two (29%) of the sera from cancer patients but only two of the sera from patients in each of the control groups contained such material. Similar results were obtained with a radioimmunoassay for immune complexes based on the same mRF. Sera from 23 of 65 patients with metastatic malignancy (35%) had elevated levels of immune complexes by this latter test. The presence of the material was not related to the source of malignancy, presence of carcinoembryonic or hepatitis antigens or of such autoantibodies as rheumatoid factor or anti-DNA. By density gradient ultracentrifugation the reacting material was identified as being of molecular size 19s or greater. It has not yet been further characterized with regard to the nature of any antigens present.
Syntheseversuche in der Emetinreihe. 9. Mitteilung. Die absolute Konfiguration von (−)‐2‐Dehydro‐emetin (1962)

Abstract The synthesis of the four possible optically active 2‐dehydro‐emetines is described and their absolute configuration established. Only one of these isomers, namely (−)‐2‐dehydro‐emetine (IIIa) which has at the two asymmetric centres 11b and 1′ the same absolute configuration as the natural alkaloid (−)‐emetine, shows in vitro and in vivo high amoebicidal activity.
Evaluation of the protective effect of Nigella sativa extract and its primary active component thymoquinone against DMBA-induced breast cancer in female rats (2013)

The results suggest that TQ and BCS oil exert a protective effect against breast carcinogens. The antioxidant property of TQ and BCS oil is mediated by their actions and investigating other underlying mechanisms merits further studies.
Mechanisms of hypoxic and aerobic cytotoxicity of mitomycin C in Chinese hamster V79 cells. (1991)

Mitomycin C (MMC) induced aerobic and hypoxic cytotoxicity in Chinese hamster V79 cells was studied to evaluate the role of the 1-electron versus 2-electron reductive bioactivation. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and desferal had no protective effects on the aerobic or hypoxic cytotoxicity of MMC, whereas Tempol and Tempol-H, which are known to interrupt and terminate radical reactions, provided partial protection under aerobic conditions. However, under hypoxic conditions, Tempol provided complete protection whereas Tempol-H was ineffective. Electron paramagnetic resonance and spin-trapping investigations, designed to study the mechanisms of such protective effects, confirmed that MMC is activated by the human NADPH:cytochrome P-450 oxidoreductase to its semiquinone radical and that, under aerobic conditions, the semiquinone radical reduces molecular oxygen. Under hypoxic conditions, the semiquinone of MMC reduces H2O2 to produce OH radicals as detected by electron paramagnetic resonance-spin trapping with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide. The 1-electron reduced product of MMC was also found to reduce Tempol to the hydroxylamine, Tempol-H, whereas oxidation of Tempol-H by MMC-. was negligible. Cell survival studies and electron paramagnetic resonance observations indicate that the hypoxic cytotoxicity of MMC is mediated by 1-electron activation to its semiquinone intermediate. Under aerobic conditions, the steady state concentration of this intermediate is low due to the facile autooxidation of the semiquinone producing O2-. and H2O2 which are capable of causing oxidative cytotoxicity. Tempol, which can accept an electron from reducing radical species, completely inhibited the hypoxic cytotoxicity of MMC indicating MMC-., the semiquinone of MMC as the species responsible for DNA alkylation and selective hypoxic cytotoxicity of MMC. Our results also indicate that the aerobic cytotoxicity is mediated by other processes in addition to the 1-electron mediated activation.
Engineering microbial consortia for controllable outputs (2016)

Much research has been invested into engineering microorganisms to perform desired biotransformations; nonetheless, these efforts frequently fall short of expected results due to the unforeseen effects of biofeedback regulation and functional incompatibility. In nature, metabolic function is compartmentalized into diverse organisms assembled into robust consortia, in which the division of labor is thought to lead to increased community efficiency and productivity. Here we consider whether and how consortia can be designed to perform bioprocesses of interest beyond the metabolic flexibility limitations of a single organism. Advances in post-genomic analysis of microbial consortia and application of high-resolution global measurements now offer the promise of systems-level understanding of how microbial consortia adapt to changes in environmental variables and inputs of carbon and energy. We argue that, when combined with appropriate modeling frameworks, systems-level knowledge can markedly improve our ability to predict the fate and functioning of consortia. Here we articulate our collective perspective on the current and future state of microbial community engineering and control while placing specific emphasis on ecological principles that promote control over community function and emergent properties.
A pulse driving function generator for LPC synthesis of voiced segments of speech (1981)

Most of the pitch detection schemes for voiced segments of speech measure the pitch period as an integer multiple of the sampling period. Averaging techniques on more than one frame, for smoothing purposes, will result in pitch periods which are noninteger multiples of the sampling period. The same result is expected when interpolation takes place by changing the pitch several times within the same frame. Finally, a similar effect is observed, even without smoothing or interpolation, in those pitch detection schemes that use averaging of distances within the same frame to calculate the final pitch period for the frame. The algorithm described here permits the synthesis of male, female, and children's voices using noninteger pitches. The impact of this technique on current LPC implementations is marginal at low pitch frequencies while, at higher ones, the improvement is detectable. It is believed that as other sources of error in LPC systems are reduced, this technique will prove to be useful in improving synthetic speech quality. This paper deals with two items. It discusses the effects of truncation and rounding of noninteger pitch periods and describes the design of a pulse driving function generator, whose pitch period is a noninteger multiple of a fixed sampling period.
Fidelity-Weighted Learning (2017)

Training deep neural networks requires many training samples, but in practice training labels are expensive to obtain and may be of varying quality, as some may be from trusted expert labelers while others might be from heuristics or other sources of weak supervision such as crowd-sourcing. This creates a fundamental quality versus-quantity trade-off in the learning process. Do we learn from the small amount of high-quality data or the potentially large amount of weakly-labeled data? We argue that if the learner could somehow know and take the label-quality into account when learning the data representation, we could get the best of both worlds. To this end, we propose "fidelity-weighted learning" (FWL), a semi-supervised student-teacher approach for training deep neural networks using weakly-labeled data. FWL modulates the parameter updates to a student network (trained on the task we care about) on a per-sample basis according to the posterior confidence of its label-quality estimated by a teacher (who has access to the high-quality labels). Both student and teacher are learned from the data. We evaluate FWL on two tasks in information retrieval and natural language processing where we outperform state-of-the-art alternative semi-supervised methods, indicating that our approach makes better use of strong and weak labels, and leads to better task-dependent data representations.
Analysis of Serum Protein Glycosylation with Antibody–Lectin Microarray for High-Throughput Biomarker Screening (2011)

The complexity of carbohydrate structures and their derivatives makes the study of the glycome a challenging subset of proteomic research. The microarray platform has become an essential tool to characterize glycan structure and to study glycosylation-related biological interactions, by using probes as a means to interrogate the spotted or captured glycosylated molecules on the arrays. The high-throughput and reproducible nature of microarray platforms have been highlighted by their extensive applications in the field of biomarker validation, where a large number of samples must be analyzed multiple times. This chapter presents an antibody-lectin microarray approach, which allows the efficient, multiplexed study of the glycosylation of multiple individual proteins from complex mixtures with both fluorescence labeling detection and label-free detection based on mass spectrometry.
Functional Roles of Aromatic Residues and Helices of Papiliocin in its Antimicrobial and Anti-inflammatory Activities (2015)

A cecropin-like peptide, papiliocin, isolated from the swallowtail butterfly Papilio xuthus, possesses high selectivity against gram-negative bacteria. Since Trp(2) and Phe(5) are highly conserved residues in cecropin-like peptides, we investigated the role of Trp(2) and Phe(5) in antibacterial activity. Substitution of Trp(2) and Phe(5) in papiliocin with Ala (papiliocin-2A and papiliocin-5A) revealed that Trp(2) is a key residue in its antibacterial activities. In order to understand the structural requirements for papiliocin function and to design shorter, but more potent, peptide antibiotics, we designed papiliocin constructs, PapN (residues Arg(1)-Ala(22) from the N-terminal amphipathic helix). PapN exhibited significant broad-spectrum antibacterial activities without cytotoxicity. Bactericidal kinetics of peptides against E.coli showed that papiliocin completely and rapidly killed E.coli in less than 10 minutes at 2× MIC concentration, while papiliocin-2A and papiliocin-5A killed four times more slowly than papiliocin. The PapN series peptides permeabilized bacterial membranes less effectively than papiliocin, showing no antibacterial activities in an hour. The results imply that the Trp(2) and Phe(5) in the amphipathic N-terminal helix are important in the rapid permeabilization of the gram-negative bacterial membrane. The hydrophobic C-terminal residues permeabilize the hydrophobic bacterial cell membrane synergistically with these aromatic residues, providing selectivity against gram-negative bacteria.
The Spacistor, A New Class of High-Frequency Semiconductor Devices (1957)

New devices are considered in which electrons or holes are injected directly into space-charge regions of reversebiased junctions avoiding the diffusion of carriers through field-free regions. The case considered is one in which the junction is biased at a voltage such that the injected carriers are multiplied by the avalanche process. A device of this type shall be called a spacistor. It is shown that negative resistance devices and amplifying devices may be constructed. The difficulty is the accumulation of the generated carriers in front of the emitting contact. Experimentally, it has been found that this accumulation of carriers results in the spontaneous relaxation-type oscillations of a transistor-like structure operated at collector voltages greater than the punch-through voltage. It is suggested that the accumulation effect may be diminished by the use of small emitters and magnetic fields.