gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prostaglandins and reproduction. (1972)

Evidence of the roles of prostaglandins (PGs) in reproductive events is accumulating. PGs have been implicated in sperm and ovum transport demise of corpus luteum function and initiation of parturition. Major species differences have been documented. Relative potencies of PGE and PGF types and sensitivity of the corpus luteum to PG-induced luteolysis have been shown to differ by species. For example rhesus monkeys show a luteolytic effect when PGF2 alpha is administered in late luteal phase of nonpregnant animals. PG treatment was associated with decreased ovarian and uterine blood flow as well indicating vascular involvement may be associated with PG mechanism of action. These results along with results of studies measuring uterine contractility and rates of metabolism in peripheral circulation indicate preferential uptake and retention of PGs by different tissues in vivo; recent research has reported the presence of PG receptors in tissues supporting the theory of preferential uptake and retention.
Melatonin in Antinociception: Its Therapeutic Applications (2012)

The intensity of pain sensation exhibits marked day and night variations. Since the intensity of pain perception is low during dark hours of the night when melatonin levels are high, this hormone has been implicated as one of the prime antinociceptive substances. A number of studies have examined the antinociceptive role of melatonin in acute, inflammatory and neuropathic pain animal models. It has been demonstrated that melatonin exerts antinociceptive actions by acting at both spinal cord and supraspinal levels. The mechanism of antinociceptive actions of melatonin involves opioid, benzodiazepine, α(1)- and α(2)-adrenergic, serotonergic and cholinergic receptors. Most importantly however, the involvement of MT(1)/MT(2) melatonergic receptors in the spinal cord has been well documented as an antinociceptive mechanism in a number of animal models of pain perception. Exogenous melatonin has been used effectively in the management of pain in medical conditions such as fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome and migraine and cluster headache. Melatonin has been tried during surgical operating conditions and has been shown to enhance both preoperative and post-operative analgesia. The present review discusses the available evidence indicating that melatonin, acting through MT(1)/MT(2) melatonin receptors, plays an important role in the pathophysiological mechanism of pain.
A transmission oscillator ultrasonic spectrometer (1974)

A continuous wave ultrasonic instrument capable of measuring very small changes in acoustic attenuation and phase velocity is described. This transmission oscillator ultrasonic spectrometer (TOUS) exhibits high sensitivity because it oscillates marginally. In spite of this high sensitivity, the TOUS system is relatively simple, compact, and inexpensive. These features suggest that the TOUS is suitable not only for precise laboratory measurements of the physical properties of materials, but also for field applications in nondestructive testing.
A Cementitious Compound with Composition 3CaO.Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>.CaCO<sub>3</sub>.11H<sub>2</sub>O (1998)

The tetracalcium dialuminum hydroxide carbonate pentahydrate Ca4Al2(OH)12CO3.5H2O is a layered compound constituted by positively charged [Ca4Al2(OH)12]2+ main layers and negatively charged [CO3, 5H2O]2− interlayers. The Al3+ and Ca2+ ions are six- and sevenfold coordinated by O atoms, respectively. Water molecules occupy the seventh coordination site of three Ca ions among the four contained in the main layer. Thus, among the five water molecules contained in the inter­layer, two of them can be considered as slightly bonded. One O atom of the carbonate group occupies the seventh coordination site of the remaining Ca ion. Moreover, every O atom of the carbonate groups contributes to the formation of relatively strong hydrogen bonds with water molecules, providing cohesion of the interlayer. The planar CO32− groups are tilted by 21.8 (9)° from the planes formed by the layers.
Liver transplantation for colorectal liver metastasis: Survival without recurrence can be achieved (2017)

Toso, Christian M.D., Ph.D.; Pinto Marques, Hugo M.D.; Andres, Axel M.D.; Castro Sousa, Francisco M.D., Ph.D.; Adam, René M.D., Ph.D.; Kalil, Antonio M.D., Ph.D.; Clavien, Pierre‐Alain M.D., Ph.D.; Furtado, Emanuel M.D.; Barroso, Eduardo M.D.; Bismuth, Henri M.D.; on behalf of the Compagnons Hépato‐Biliaires Group Author Information
[Effect of citicoline on spatial learning and memory of rats after focal cerebral ischemia]. (2006)

Citicoline can improve the spatial learning and memory function of rats after focal cerebral ischemia.
A Topic Modeling Toolbox Using Belief Propagation (2012)

Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) is an important hierarchical Bayesian model for probabilistic topic modeling, which attracts worldwide interests and touches on many important applications in text mining, computer vision and computational biology. This paper introduces a topic modeling toolbox (TMBP) based on the belief propagation (BP) algorithms. TMBP toolbox is implemented by MEX C++/Matlab/Octave for either Windows 7 or Linux. Compared with existing topic modeling packages, the novelty of this toolbox lies in the BP algorithms for learning LDA-based topic models. The current version includes BP algorithms for latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), author-topic models (ATM), relational topic models (RTM), and labeled LDA (LaLDA). This toolbox is an ongoing project and more BP-based algorithms for various topic models will be added in the near future. Interested users may also extend BP algorithms for learning more complicated topic models. The source codes are freely available under the GNU General Public Licence, Version 1.0 at https://mloss.org/software/view/399/.
Neuroprotection via matrix-trophic coupling between cerebral endothelial cells and neurons (2008)

The neurovascular unit is an emerging concept that emphasizes homeostatic interactions between endothelium and cerebral parenchyma. Here, we show that cerebral endothelium are not just inert tubes for delivering blood, but they also secrete trophic factors that can be directly neuroprotective. Conditioned media from cerebral endothelial cells broadly protects neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation, oxidative damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, hypoxia, and amyloid neurotoxicity. This phenomenon is largely mediated by endothelial-produced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) because filtering endothelial-conditioned media with TrkB-Fc eliminates the neuroprotective effect. Endothelial production of BDNF is sustained by beta-1 integrin and integrin-linked kinase (ILK) signaling. Noncytotoxic levels of oxidative stress disrupts ILK signaling and reduces endothelial levels of neuroprotective BDNF. These data suggest that cerebral endothelium provides a critical source of homeostatic support for neurons. Targeting these signals of matrix and trophic coupling between endothelium and neurons may provide new therapeutic opportunities for stroke and other CNS disorders.
An Improved Method for the Extraction and Thin-Layer Chromatography of Chlorophyll a and b from Spinach (2004)

A direct method of extracting plant pigments from spinach leaves into a dry organic solvent is presented. A powder is obtained by grinding a mixture of raw spinach, drying agent, and sand (1:1:2) that can be extracted directly into acetone in 10 minutes to provide a sample suitable for chromatographic analysis. This method avoids liquid–liquid extractions and subsequent drying as is found in previously reported methods. Removal of the magnesium ion from chlorophyll pigments was observed by treating the acetone extract with a strong ion-exchange resin for three minutes. The loss of magnesium ion is often observed as a degradation product of chlorophyll samples. An improved solvent system consisting of petroleum ether, cyclohexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol in 60%, 16%, 10%, 10%, and 4% quantities, respectively, is also reported. TLC separation using this extraction method and solvent system allows for the clear separation of chlorophyll a and b from all other extracted pigments.
Decomposition of Land Applied Oily Food Waste and Associated Changes in Soil Aggregate Stability (1998)

Abstract Since traditional methods of disposing of oily food wastes have recently lost favor, there is a current search for alternatives. Field‐and laboratory‐scale experiments examined the decomposition of oily food wastes applied to agricultural lands to examine this disposal option and potential agronomic benefits. Treatment rates of oily food waste equivalent to 3 to 11.3 g of C kg −1 increased soil microbial biomass C in the field by up to five times control levels. Wet aggregate stability also increased with waste addition and was maintained over the course of the growing season. Laboratory incubation studies examining the biodegradation of canola oil and oily food waste showed that the oily fraction of the waste was not rate limiting, and that both substrates degraded rapidly with initial decomposition half‐lives of 40 to 45 h and 70 to 94 h for canola oil and waste treatments, respectively. The extents of mineralization over 4 wk were up to 84 and 40% for canola oil and oily food waste, respectively. Similar to the field, increases in aggregate stability were measured in the canola oil incubation. Examination of the biodegradation data indicates two substrate pools are being sequentially decomposed, and that the added substrate is not directly responsible for improved structural properties. The longer lasting binding abilities of microbial products and bodies are the major contributing factors for the increased soil aggregation. It is concluded that the land application of oily food waste is agronomically beneficial by increasing soil microbial activity, and in turn improving soil structure through increased aggregate stability.
Impact of RFID Technology on Tracking of Export Goods in Kenya (2010)

In this paper the impact of RFID based tracking to address the challenges of diversion of export goods into the local market in Kenya is discussed. Goods would be moved out of the export factories on pretext that it was destined to foreign markets, however, along the way the goods would be dumped and documents falsified to indicate that goods had left the country, thus evading taxes and gaining unfair advantage. An RFID based In-Transit Visibility system was designed and piloted to address the challenges. The system was used to track export cargo from the factories to the port or frontier offices. The system design, workings and pilot results are discussed in this paper. Results from the pilot demonstrated that RFID based tracking has a great impact on curbing diversion and considerable benefits to transporters and other stakeholders through increased efficiency and reduced turn-around time.
A simple immunological detection method for the direct screening of genes from clone banks (1986)

A simple immunoassay has been developed which can be used in the isolation of particular gene(s) from a clone bank of recombinant plasmids. A clone bank of the DNA is constructed with a plasmid vector and maintained in Escherichia coli. The recombinant clones were filtered onto a hydrophobic grid membrane and grown up into individual colonies, and a replica was made onto nitrocellulose paper. The bacterial cells were then lysed with chloroform and the proteins were immobilized onto the nitrocellulose paper. The nitrocellulose paper is then reacted with a rabbit antibody preparation made against the particular antigenic product to detect the recombinant clone which carries the corresponding gene. The bound antibodies can be detected easily by a colorimetric assay using goat anti-rabbit antibodies conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. Positively reacting clones can be recovered from the master hydrophobic grid membrane filter for further characterization. We proposed to call this method "colony ELISA blot" and described the isolation of the genes coding for the soluble antigens of Pasteurella haemolytica using this method.
Loss of the O4 antigen moiety from the lipopolysaccharide of an extraintestinal isolate of Escherichia coli has only minor effects on serum sensitivity and virulence in vivo (1995)

The O-specific antigen in extraintestinal isolates of Escherichia coli is believed to be an important virulence factor. To assess its role in the pathogenic process, proven isogenic derivatives with either a complete (CP921) or nearly complete (CP920) deficiency of the O4 antigen were obtained by TnphoA'1-mediated transposon mutagenesis of an O4/K54/H5 blood isolate (CP9). By utilizing a previously reported isogenic K54 capsule-deficient derivative (CP9.137), additional isogenic derivatives deficient in both the K54 capsular antigen and either all (CP923) or nearly all (CP922) of the O4 antigen were also constructed. These strains and their wild-type parent were evaluated in vitro for serum sensitivity and in vivo by intraperitoneal challenge of outbred mice. The complete or nearly complete loss of the O4 antigen (CP920 and CP921) resulted in only a minor increase in serum sensitivity. In contrast, CP9.137 had a significant increase in serum sensitivity, and CP922 and CP923 were extremely serum sensitive. When tested in vivo, the complete or nearly complete loss of the O4 antigen resulted in a small but significant increase (P < or = 0.05), not the expected decrease, in virulence compared with its wild-type parent. In contrast, CP9.137 and CP922 were significantly less virulent (P < or = 0.05). These studies do not exclude a role for the O4 antigen moiety of lipopolysaccharide in the pathogenesis of extraintestinal E. coli infection; however, they demonstrate that the O4 antigen plays only a minor role in serum resistance in vitro and that its loss does not diminish and perhaps enhances the virulence of CP9 in vivo after intraperitoneal challenge.
Biosynthesis of collagen and other matrix proteins by articular cartilage in experimental osteoarthrosis (1980)

Osteoarthrosis was induced in one knee joint of dogs by an established surgical procedure. Changes in the articular cartilage in the biosynthesis of collagen and other proteins were sought by radiochemical labelling in vivo, with the following findings. (1) Collagen synthesis was stimulated in all cartilage surfaces of the experimental joints at 2, 8 and 24 weeks after surgery. Systemic labelling with [3H]proline showed that over 10 times more collagen was being deposited per dry weight of experimental cartilage compared with control cartilage in the unoperated knee. (2) Type-II collagen was the radiolabelled product in all samples of experimental cartilage ranging in quality from undamaged to overtly fibrillated, and was the only collagen detected chemically in the matrix of osteoarthrotic cartilage from either dog or human joints. (3) Hydroxylysine glycosylation was examined in the newly synthesized cartilage collagen by labelling dog joints in vivo with [3H]lysine. In experimental knees the new collagen was less glycosylated than in controls. However, no difference in glycosylation of the total collagen in the tissues was observed by chemical analysis. (4) Over half the protein-bound tritium was extracted by 4 M-guanidinium chloride from control cartilage labelled with [3H]proline, compared with one-quarter or less from experimental cartilage. Two-thirds of the extracted tritium separated in the upper fraction on density-gradient centrifugation in CsCl under associative conditions. Much of this ran with a single protein band on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions. The identity of this protein was unknown, although it resembled serum albumin in mobility afte disulphide-bond cleavage.
Distributed Bragg Reflector Gunn Oscillators for Dielectric Millimeter-Wave Integrated Circuits (1979)

A new Gunn oscillator is proposed for microwave and millimeter-wave integrated circuits. The device consists of a Gunn diode placed in a dielectric waveguide in which grating structures are created. The gratings provide frequency-selective feedback to the diode enabling a stable oscillation. After the design principle is presented, observed oscillation characteristics of prototype oscillators are reported. Some problems as well as future directions for improvement are discussed. Potential applications as multiple-element high-power oscillators are also proposed.
Dynamics of molecular associations (1987)

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Enabling custom enhancements in digital sports broadcasts (2001)

Article Share on Enabling custom enhancements in digital sports broadcasts Authors: Richter A. Rafey Sony U.S. Research Laboratories, Distributed Systems Lab, 3300 Zanker Road, San Jose, California Sony U.S. Research Laboratories, Distributed Systems Lab, 3300 Zanker Road, San Jose, CaliforniaView Profile , Simon Gibbs Sony U.S. Research Laboratories, Distributed Systems Lab, 3300 Zanker Road, San Jose, California Sony U.S. Research Laboratories, Distributed Systems Lab, 3300 Zanker Road, San Jose, CaliforniaView Profile , Michael Hoch Sony U.S. Research Laboratories, Distributed Systems Lab, 3300 Zanker Road, San Jose, California Sony U.S. Research Laboratories, Distributed Systems Lab, 3300 Zanker Road, San Jose, CaliforniaView Profile , Hubert Le Van Gong Sony U.S. Research Laboratories, Distributed Systems Lab, 3300 Zanker Road, San Jose, California Sony U.S. Research Laboratories, Distributed Systems Lab, 3300 Zanker Road, San Jose, CaliforniaView Profile , Sidney Wang Sony U.S. Research Laboratories, Distributed Systems Lab, 3300 Zanker Road, San Jose, California Sony U.S. Research Laboratories, Distributed Systems Lab, 3300 Zanker Road, San Jose, CaliforniaView Profile Authors Info & Claims Web3D '01: Proceedings of the sixth international conference on 3D Web technologyFebruary 2001 Pages 101–107https://doi.org/10.1145/363361.363384Online:01 February 2001Publication History 5citation714DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations5Total Downloads714Last 12 Months13Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Interpretation of Natural-language Robot Instructions: Probabilistic Knowledge Representation, Learning, and Reasoning (2017)

A robot that can be simply told in natural language what to do -- this has been one of the ultimate long-standing goals in both Artificial Intelligence and Robotics research. In near-future applications, robotic assistants and companions will have to understand and perform commands such as set the table for dinner'', make pancakes for breakfast'', or cut the pizza into 8 pieces.'' Although such instructions are only vaguely formulated, complex sequences of sophisticated and accurate manipulation activities need to be carried out in order to accomplish the respective tasks. The acquisition of knowledge about how to perform these activities from huge collections of natural-language instructions from the Internet has garnered a lot of attention within the last decade. However, natural language is typically massively unspecific, incomplete, ambiguous and vague and thus requires powerful means for interpretation. This work presents PRAC -- Probabilistic Action Cores -- an interpreter for natural-language instructions which is able to resolve vagueness and ambiguity in natural language and infer missing information pieces that are required to render an instruction executable by a robot. To this end, PRAC formulates the problem of instruction interpretation as a reasoning problem in first-order probabilistic knowledge bases. In particular, the system uses Markov logic networks as a carrier formalism for encoding uncertain knowledge. A novel framework for reasoning about unmodeled symbolic concepts is introduced, which incorporates ontological knowledge from taxonomies and exploits semantically similar relational structures in a domain of discourse. The resulting reasoning framework thus enables more compact representations of knowledge and exhibits strong generalization performance when being learnt from very sparse data. Furthermore, a novel approach for completing directives is presented, which applies semantic analogical reasoning to transfer knowledge collected from thousands of natural-language instruction sheets to new situations. In addition, a cohesive processing pipeline is described that transforms vague and incomplete task formulations into sequences of formally specified robot plans. The system is connected to a plan executive that is able to execute the computed plans in a simulator. Experiments conducted in a publicly accessible, browser-based web interface showcase that PRAC is capable of closing the loop from natural-language instructions to their execution by a robot.
Molecular mass, biochemical composition, and physicochemical behavior of the infectious form of the scrapie precursor protein monomer. (1990)

A highly purified fraction obtained from scrapie (263-K strain)-infected hamsters' brains by an alternative procedure without proteinase K treatment contained a protease-resistant form of the scrapie precursor protein (PrPSc) and infectivity of 9.9 +/- 0.7 log LD50/ml. Polyclonal antibodies produced against hamster scrapie amyloid protein (PrP27-30) and used in a neutralization test diminished infectivity of the PrPSc preparations by 1.6 log after intracerebral inoculation and by 1 log after intraperitoneal inoculation. PrPSc was subjected to size-exclusion HPLC; greater than or equal to 60% of the eluted infectious units were recovered from the peak with an apparent mass of 30.4 +/- 0.6 kDa. Characterization by UV absorption spectra, SDS/PAGE, immunoblots, N-terminal amino acid sequence, and neutral sugar and amino sugar analyses demonstrated homogeneity of the infectious units. The neutral sugar and amino sugar compositional analyses revealed high mannose, glucosamine, fucose, and sialic acid content. This demonstrated an extensive posttranslational modification by the complex type of N-linked glycosylation and glycane core of C-terminal glycolipid of PrPSc. The results correspond to the predicted size, composition, and sequence of PrPSc and indicate that this protein may be the only component of scrapie infectious unit or the infectious form of scrapie precursor.
From cotton to wearable pressure sensor (2014)

Based on raw cotton, a simple yet highly sensitive pressure sensor was developed.
Merging photoredox with nickel catalysis: Coupling of α-carboxyl sp <sup>3</sup> -carbons with aryl halides (2014)

Over the past 40 years, transition metal catalysis has enabled bond formation between aryl and olefinic (sp(2)) carbons in a selective and predictable manner with high functional group tolerance. Couplings involving alkyl (sp(3)) carbons have proven more challenging. Here, we demonstrate that the synergistic combination of photoredox catalysis and nickel catalysis provides an alternative cross-coupling paradigm, in which simple and readily available organic molecules can be systematically used as coupling partners. By using this photoredox-metal catalysis approach, we have achieved a direct decarboxylative sp(3)-sp(2) cross-coupling of amino acids, as well as α-O- or phenyl-substituted carboxylic acids, with aryl halides. Moreover, this mode of catalysis can be applied to direct cross-coupling of C(sp³)-H in dimethylaniline with aryl halides via C-H functionalization.