gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of Continuous Blood Volume Monitoring to Detect Inadequately High Dry Weight (1996)

A continuous blood volume monitoring (CBVM) device (Inline Diagnostics, Riverdale, USA) was used to study response to prescribed ultrafiltration during haemodialysis (HD) in 66 stabilised HD patients. Fifty percent of patients showed the expected linear decrease in BV right from the beginning of HD (group 1), 32% exhibited no decrease at all (group 2), while eighteen percent formed the transient group 3 which showed a plateau of varying length after which a decrease occurred. The correct setting of dry weight was verified through evaluation of the ratio of extracellular fluid volume to total body water (VEC/TBW) in 26 patients by means of whole body multifrequency impedometry MFI (Xitron Tech., San Diego, USA) and through measurement of the Vena Cava Inferior diameter (VCID) pre and post HD (in 6 and 5 patients from groups 1 and 3 and from group 2, respectively). The mean VEC/TBW in groups 1 and 3 was 0.56 pre and 0.51 post HD as compared to 0.583 and 0.551 in group 2. VCID decreased on average by 14.1% in groups 1 and 3 but remained stable in group 2. Both findings thus confirmed inadequately high estimation of dry weight. Since CBVM is extremely easy to perform it can be used as a method of choice in detecting inadequately high prescribed dry weight. The status of the cardiovascular system must always be considered before final judgement is made.
PorA types in Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B isolated in Argentina from 2001 to 2003: implications for the design of an outer membrane protein-based vaccine (2008)

Identification of Neisseria meningitidis PorA types remains important, as the PorA protein is a major immunogenic component of several meningococcal vaccines under development. In this study, 191 N. meningitidis serogroup B isolates collected in Argentina through active laboratory-based surveillance from 2001 to 2003 were serosubtyped. Nucleotide sequences of the porA variable region 1 (VR1) and VR2 regions were determined in 52 non-serosubtypeable isolates. A substantial number of distinct VR types were identified, and a new VR2 variant from the P1.16 family was described. This is the first report describing PorA types in N. meningitidis serogroup B isolates in Argentina. Furthermore, the wide diversity of subtypes detected by serosubtyping and genosubtyping reveals the difficulty in designing a useful outer-membrane vaccine applicable in this country. A possible mechanism responsible for altered PorA expression was analysed in two PorA types.
Ultra-long-distance (>160  km) distributed optic fiber vibration sensing system without an in-line repeater (2019)

We proposed a distributed optic fiber vibration sensing system that can realize a sensing distance of more than 160 km without a repeater. The system's optical structure is based on the Mach-Zehnder and Sagnac hybrid interference technique. To increase the monitoring distance, we used a reflective erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) instead of a traditional reflector at the end of the sensing system. In addition, a phase-generated carrier was applied to eliminate the parasitic interferometric effects of Rayleigh scattering.
A Deep Learning Based Model for Driving Risk Assessment (2019)

In this paper a novel multilayer model is proposed for assessing driving risk. Studying aggressive behavior via massive driving data is essential for protecting road traffic safety and reducing losses of human life and property in smart city context. In particular, identifying aggressive behavior and driving risk are multi-factors combined evaluation process, which must be processed with time and environment. For instance, improper time and environment may facilitate abnormal driving behavior. The proposed Dynamic Multilayer Model consists of identifying instant aggressive driving behavior that can be visited within specific time windows and calculating individual driving risk via Deep Neural Networks based classification algorithms. Validation results show that the proposed methods are particularly effective for identifying driving aggressiveness and risk level via real dataset of 2129 drivers’ driving behavior.
Intramolecularly Sensitized Precipitons:  A Model System for Application to Metal Sequestration (2005)

We have investigated light-triggered or catalytically activated precipitation agents and have proposed the name "precipiton" for such molecules or molecular fragments. A phase separation is induced when the precipiton isomerizes to a low-solubility form. In this paper we describe the first intramolecularly activated precipitons. The isomerization process is induced by intramolecular triplet energy transfer from a covalently attached metal complex. As expected, intramolecular sensitization leads to a more rapid isomerization than can be achieved by intermolecular sensitization at accessible concentrations. Two isomeric bichromophoric precipiton species, each containing [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+) and 1,2-bis(biphenyl)ethene units covalently linked together by an ether tether, have been synthesized and characterized, and their photochemical properties have been investigated. The rates of photoisomerization of these complexes, [((Z)-1,2-bis(biphenyl)ethene-bpy)Ru(bpy)(2)](PF(6))(2) (2Z) and [((E)-1,2-bis(biphenyl)ethene-bpy)Ru(bpy)(2)](PF(6))(2) (2E), were compared to those of their untethered analogues, (Z)-1,2-bis(biphenyl)ethene-OTBS (1Z) and (E)-1,2-bis(biphenyl)ethene-OTBS (1E), where ruthenium sensitization occurred through an intermolecular pathway. Upon irradiation with visible light (lambda > or = 400 nm) in degassed solution, 2Z/E and 1Z/E obeyed reversible first-order rate kinetics. The intramolecularly sensitized precipiton 2Z isomerized 250 times faster (k(2Z-->2E) = 1.0 x 10(-3) s(-1) with a 51% neutral density filter) than the intermolecular case 1Z (k(1Z-->1E) = 0.80 x 10(-5) s(-1)). For 1E and 2E, the isomerization rates were k(1E-->1Z) = 11.0 x 10(-5) s(-1) and k(2E-->2Z) = 1.6 x 10(-3) s(-1), respectively. The average Z/E mole ratio at the photostationary state was 62/38 for 2Z/E and 93/7 for 1Z/E. The impetus for this study was our desire to evaluate the possibility of using metal-binding precipitons that would precipitate only upon metal-to-precipiton binding and would be inert to visible light in the absence of metals.
Optical-fiber variable-attenuator arrays using polymer-network liquid crystal (2001)

This paper describes compact variable optical attenuator arrays made by using fiber splicers and polymer-network liquid crystal. Fibers are inserted into the splicers and the gaps between the ends of the fibers are filled with the polymer-network liquid crystal. The residual loss for each array element is low (about 0.8 dB), the attenuation of 1.55-μm light is about 8 dB and the driving voltage is 20 V/sub rms/. The polarization dependence is <2 dB. The power consumption is also very low (30 nW/ch). They are used for channel power equalizers for WDM systems.
Hypertriglyceridemia but not hypercholesterolemia induces endothelial dysfunction in the rat. (2005)

In humans, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia induce endothelial dysfunction and therefore lead to atherosclerosis. In contrast, rats are resistant to atherosclerosis. Here we analyze whether rats respond to hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia by developing of endothelial dysfunction. To induce hypercholesterolemiaWistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneous hypertensive (SHR) rats were fed for 12 weeks with AIN93 diet supplemented with cholesterol (1%) and butter (20%). To induce hypertriglyceridemiaWistar were fed for 8 weeks with AIN93 diet supplemented with 60% fructose. In all experimental groups nitric oxide (NO)-dependent and prostacyclin (PGI(2))-dependent function was assessed in the isolated aorta. Additionally in hypertriglyceridemic rats endothelial function in the isolated mesenteric resistance artery was analyzed. NO-dependent vasodilation induced by acetylcholine or histamine in aorta of SHR and WKY rats was modestly impaired. Hypercholesterolemic diet fed to WKY and SHR rats induced a rise in total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol by 2.5 and 4.5 fold, respectively, but did not further impair NO-dependent vasodilation. Although basal production of PGI(2) in aortic rings from SHR rats was five fold higher than in aortic rings from WKY rats, the hypercholesterolemic diet did not further affect aortic PGI(2) production in either rat strain. Endothelium-independent vasodilation induced by SNAP remained also unchanged. On the other hand, the hypertriglyceridemic diet given to Wistar rats led to a selective 1.5-2 fold elevation of triglycerides that was associated with the impairment of NO-dependent relaxation in aorta as well as in the mesenteric resistance artery. Interestingly, the basal production PGI(2) by aortic rings was not modified by hypertriglyceridemic diet. Again endothelium-independent relaxation induced by S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicilamine (SNAP) was not affected. In summary, although in humans both hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia are associated with endothelial dysfunction, in rats hypertriglyceridemia only led to the impairment of NO-dependent vasodilation. Hypercholesterolemia did not modify endothelial function even in hypertensive rats that display pre-existing alterations in vasodilator function.
Soluble novel optically active poly(amide–imide)s derived from <i>N,N</i>′‐(4,4′‐oxydiphthaloyl)‐bis‐<scp>L</scp>‐leucine diacid chloride and various aromatic diamines: Synthesis and characterization (2005)

Abstract 4,4′‐Oxydiphthalic anhydride ( 1 ) was reacted with L ‐leucine ( 2 ) in acetic acid, and the resulting imide‐acid ( 3 ) was obtained in high yield. The diacid chloride ( 4 ) was obtained from diacid derivative ( 3 ) by reaction with thionyl chloride. The polycondensation reaction of diacid chloride ( 4 ) with several aromatic diamines, such as 4,4′‐sulfonyldianiline ( 5a ), 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl methane ( 5b ), 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylether ( 5c ), p ‐phenylenediamine ( 5d ), m‐phenylenediamine ( 5e ), and 4,4′‐diaminobiphenyl ( 5f ), was performed by two conventional methods: low temperature solution polycondensation and short period reflux conditions. To compare conventional solution polycondensation reaction methods with microwave‐assisted polycondensation, the reactions were also carried out under microwave conditions in the presence of a small amount of o ‐cresol that acts as a primary microwave absorber. The reaction mixture was irradiated for 6 min with 100% of radiation power. Several new optically active poly(amide–imide)s with inherent viscosity ranging from 0.25–0.52 dL/g were obtained with high yield. All of the above polymers were fully characterized by IR, elemental analyses, and specific rotation techniques. Some structural characterizations and physical properties of these new optically active poly(amide–imide)s are reported. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 435–442, 2005
Design and implementation of WATM interface card based on SOPC technology (2008)

A WATM interface card using SOPC technology is presented in this paper. WATM is an extension of fixed ATM networks, and provides users wireless access to broadband services. The SOPC technology, developed by Altera Corporation, consists of a FPGA (field programmable gate array) and a Nios embedded processor. This paper introduces a novel method for design and implementation of WATM lower protocol layers. The new architecture of the card and the WATM access IP (intellectual property) is the main contribution of this work presented. The WATM access IP core, which is designed in Verilog HDL(Hardware Description Language), executes the function of WATM cell formatter and deformatter and checkout. The Nios embedded processor manages the execution of components in the access IP core. As a result, the use of SOPC technology can make the WATM interface card more compact, high performance and cost down.
The Promise of Automatic Speech Recognition for Fostering Literacy Growth in Children and Adults (2015)

This Handbook provides a comprehensive and international representation of state-of-the art research, theory, and practice related to principal areas in which significant developments are occurring in the study of literacy and technology. It offers a glimpse of the commonalities faced by literacy educators around the world, together with specific challenges raised by unique circumstances.Volume I of this Handbook endeavored to lay essential groundwork for the study of literacy and technology; it retains an explanatory value that will not weaken over time. Volume II differs considerably in conception. It assumes for the most part a higher level of expertise on the part of readers, and the projects and applications described by the contributors are characterized by greater sophistication. The scope of technology use is broader, and the challenges that have emerged are in sharper focus. A powerful feature of this volume is the addition of commentaries from experts across the field on the potential of technology in key dimensions of literacy. The title of Volume II has changed slightly to reflect the inclusion of contributions on a broad geographic basis. It is now a truly international Handbook, with chapter authors from six countries and five continents.The International Handbook of Literacy and Technology: Volume II is organized in five sections:*The Role of Technology in the New Literacies;*Technology Applications with Specific Populations;*Literacy Software and the Internet;*Teacher Education and Professional Development; and*The Potential of Technology in Key Dimensions of Literacy.The effects of technology on literate activity have been both sweeping and subtle, marked by an increasing variety of changes that are difficult to evaluate and project. Perhaps the only prediction that can be offered with certainty is that the impact of technology is irreversible. Specific changes may come and go, but literacy and technology seem inextricably linked. This Handbook is dedicated to that linkage and to examining the intricacies that define it.International Handbook of Literacy and Technology: Volume II is an essential reference for researchers, professionals, and students in reading/literacy education, literacy and technology, educational technology, and related areas, and will serve well as a text for upper-level and graduate courses on these topics.
Q fever: still a mysterious disease (2002)

Q fever: still a mysterious disease Q fever remains an incompletely understood disease (the Q is for Query). It is caused by a zoonotic agent, C. burnetii, that is widely distributed in animals. When infection occurs during pregnancy, abortion may result, and chronic uterine infection, associated with recurrent miscarriages, may follow acute infection. In patients with valvular lesions and those with cancer, Q fever can lead to chronic endocarditis within months to years. 3 Moreover, in animals that have recovered from C. burnetii, immunosuppression can induce a bacteraemic relapse. his demonstrates that any resistance to infection following recovery is non-immune, and chronic carriage may be common. Thus C. burnetii may be involved in the aetiology of chronic illnesses, such as chronic fatigue and artherosclerosis, where the causative agent is unknown.
Information extraction from legal documents (2009)

Legal TRUTHS (turning unstructured texts to helpful structure) is a system that extracts relevant information from Philippine Supreme Court decisions, specifically on criminal cases. We describe here the processes involved in the development of Legal TRUTHS focusing on the issues relating to the domain and the geographical setting of the source documents, and the performance evaluation results are also presented. Pertinent information to be extracted for criminal cases such as the crime, the date and time of commission, the plaintiff, and the penalty were determined from a sample set of documents. Sections of these documents were identified for initial segmentation of the data. Automatic filtering of the data was involved in drawing out relevant information from the texts. From 25 training documents and also the same set for testing, performance showed over-all precision at 91.7%, recall at 99.5%, and F-measure at 95.6%. Testing on another 50 documents showed over-all precision at 84.3%, recall at 95.8%, and F-measure at 91.0%.
Low cost implementation of pseudo arm by poly-finger tactual interface (2010)

This design presents a low cost implementation of an integrated polyfinger robotic arm equipped with a feedback sensor mechanism through strain gauge that is governed by discrete fuzzy algorithm. This work seeks to develop a robotic hand which can be combined with a high fidelity data glove interface to allow teleoperation tasks to be performed via wireless channel. So far we have successfully implemented our system on matlab and realized the position feedback of servo motor through NI labview for more accuracy. Since whole robotic arm “Chainfinger” is made from bike engine chain, simple dc motor and some feedback strain gauze and resistive sensor, it provide a low cost solution for disabled people and in hazardous environment as a commercial product.
Mechanism of inhibition of reverse transcriptase by quinone antibiotics. II. Dependence on putative quinone pocket on the enzyme molecule. (1988)

Inhibition of avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) reverse transcriptase by natural and synthetic quinones including antibiotics could be accounted for by an oxidation-reduction reaction. The quinones were shown to function as electron acceptors as revealed by the catalytic oxidation of NADH by Clostridium kluyveri diaphorase which was in excellent agreement with enzyme inhibition activity. The kinetics of inhibition of AMV reverse transcriptase by three synthetic quinones with different core structures, i.e., 6-methoxy-5,8-dihydroquinoline-5,8- dione, 5,8-dihydroisoquinoline-5,8-dione and 1,4-naphthoquinone, were studied. These quinones inhibited reverse transcriptase in the same manner as streptonigrin (STN) and were shown to act at a single class of reaction site(s) on the enzyme molecule. In contrast, the quinones with bulky substituents, i.e., 7-(2-nitrophenethylamino)-5,8-dihydroisoquinoline-5,8-dione and 7-methoxy-6-methyl-3-piperidino-5,8-dihydroisoquinoline-5,8-dione, were inactive as inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, whereas they retained competent catalytic activities in the oxidation of NADH by C. kluyveri diaphorase. Based on these observations, the existence of a specific site of interaction on the enzyme molecule, referred to as a quinone pocket, was proposed. The quinone pocket might play a crucial role in the early sequence of events leading to the inhibition of reverse transcriptase by quinones including STN and sakyomicin A (SKM). Access of SKM to a quinone pocket might be restricted due to its bulky structure in the vicinity of the quinone group. This is inferred from unsuccessful inhibition of reverse transcriptase by the quinones with bulky substituents, resulting in much poorer inhibition of reverse transcriptase in spite of more potent electron acceptor activity in the oxidation-reduction system as compared with those of STN.
4,4,4′,4′,5,5,5′,5′-Octamethyl-2,2′-bi-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (2003)

[73183-34-3] C12H24B2O4 (MW 253.94) (versatile reagent for syntheses of organoboron compounds) Alternate Name: bis(pinacolato)diboron; B2pin2. Physical Data: mp 135–140 °C. Solubility: soluble in most organic solvents. Form Supplied in: colorless, stable crystalline solid; commercially available. Analysis of Reagent Purity: 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 1.25 (s, 24 H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 24.9, 83.4; 11B NMR (toluene, BF3·OEt2) δ 30.6. Preparative Methods commercially available but expensive; prepared from boron tribromide.2 Purification: can be purified by recrystallization from pentane. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: easy to handle in air without special precautions; nevertheless, storage in a tightly closed bottle and in a refrigerator is recommended; causes eye, skin, and respiratory tract irritation.
Seismic footstep signal characterization (2003)

Seismic footstep detection based systems for homeland security applications are an important additional layer to perimeter protection and other security systems. This article reports seismic footstep signal characterization for different signal to noise ratios. Various footstep signal spectra are analyzed for different distances between a walking person and a seismic sensor. We also investigated kurtosis of the real footstep signals under various environmental and modeled noises. We also report on the results of seismic signal summation from separate geophones. A seismic signal sum spectrum obtained was broader than that obtained from a single sensor. The peak of the seismic signal sum was broader than that from the footstep signal of the single sensor. The signal and noise spectra have a greater overlap for a seismic signal sum than that from a single sensor. Generally, it is more difficult to filter out the noise from the sum of the seismic signals. We show that the use of the traditional approach of spectrum technology and/or the statistical characteristics of signal to noise of reliable footstep detection systems is not practical.
Modes of a laser resonator containing tilted birefringent plates* (1974)

Optical resonators containing tilted birefringent plates as tuning devices have been studied on the assumption that the resonator modes are eigenfunctions of an assembly of retardation plates interspersed with partial polarizers. The bandwidth is narrower than that of an equivalent filter using perfect polarizers, but the extinction coefficient does not go to zero. Stacks of plates whose thicknesses are in integer ratios have bandwidths much narrower than those of equivalent Lyot filters, but the secondary maxima do not correspond to those of Lyot filters. Application to the organic-dye laser is discussed. A device analogous to the Šolc filter is also considered.
USE OF ASSIGNMENT ATTACHMENTS IN ASSESSMENT (1979)

ABSTRACT Assignment attachments consist of a list of criteria according to which assignments are assessed. Both students and teachers have found them useful, and guidelines are provided for their effective use.
High-Frequency Network Activity, Global Increase in Neuronal Activity, and Synchrony Expansion Precede Epileptic Seizures<i>In Vitro</i> (2010)

How seizures start is a major question in epilepsy research. Preictal EEG changes occur in both human patients and animal models, but their underlying mechanisms and relationship with seizure initiation remain unknown. Here we demonstrate the existence, in the hippocampal CA1 region, of a preictal state characterized by the progressive and global increase in neuronal activity associated with a widespread buildup of low-amplitude high-frequency activity (HFA) (>100 Hz) and reduction in system complexity. HFA is generated by the firing of neurons, mainly pyramidal cells, at much lower frequencies. Individual cycles of HFA are generated by the near-synchronous (within approximately 5 ms) firing of small numbers of pyramidal cells. The presence of HFA in the low-calcium model implicates nonsynaptic synchronization; the presence of very similar HFA in the high-potassium model shows that it does not depend on an absence of synaptic transmission. Immediately before seizure onset, CA1 is in a state of high sensitivity in which weak depolarizing or synchronizing perturbations can trigger seizures. Transition to seizure is characterized by a rapid expansion and fusion of the neuronal populations responsible for HFA, associated with a progressive slowing of HFA, leading to a single, massive, hypersynchronous cluster generating the high-amplitude low-frequency activity of the seizure.