gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RESEARCHES ON AMINES. IV.<sup>1</sup> THE ALKYLATION AND HYDROLYSIS OF ALIPHATIC SULFONAMIDES. A NEW SYNTHESIS OF SARCOSINE.<sup>2</sup> (1914)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRESEARCHES ON AMINES. IV.1 THE ALKYLATION AND HYDROLYSIS OF ALIPHATIC SULFONAMIDES. A NEW SYNTHESIS OF SARCOSINE.2Treat B. Johnson and Joseph A. AmblerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1914, 36, 2, 372–385Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1914Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1914https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja02179a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02179a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views233Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structural Definition of the H-2Kd Peptide-binding Motif (2006)

Classic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins associate with antigen- and self-derived peptides in an allele-specific manner. Herein we present the crystal structure of the MHC class I protein H-2K(d) (K(d)) expressed by BALB/c mice in complex with an antigenic peptide derived from influenza A/PR/8/34 nucleoprotein (Flu, residues 147-155, TYQRTRALV). Analysis of our structure in conjunction with the sequences of naturally processed epitopes provides a comprehensive understanding of the dominant K(d) peptide-binding motif. We find that Flu residues Tyr(P2), Thr(P5), and Val(P9) are sequestered into the B, C, and F pockets of the K(d) groove, respectively. The shape and chemistry of the polymorphic B pocket make it an optimal binding site for the side chain of Tyr(P2) as the dominant anchoring residue of nonameric peptides. The non-polar F pocket limits the amino acid repertoire at P9 to hydrophobic residues such as Ile, Leu, or Val, whereas the C pocket restricts the size of the P5-anchoring side chain. We also show that Flu is accommodated in the complex through an unfavorable kink in the otherwise extended peptide backbone due to the presence of a prominent ridge in the K(d) groove. Surprisingly, this backbone conformation is strikingly similar to D(b)-presented peptides despite the fact that these proteins employ distinct motif-anchoring strategies. The results presented in this study provide a solid foundation for the understanding of K(d)-restricted antigen presentation and recognition events.
Metabolic studies on Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing fused citrate synthase/malate dehydrogenase (1994)

We have constructed two different fusion proteins consisting of the C-terminal end of CS1 fused in-frame to the N-terminal end of MDH1 and HSA, respectively. The fusion proteins were expressed in mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in which CS1 and MDH1 had been deleted and the phenotypes of the transformants characterized. The results show that the fusion proteins are transported into the mitochondria and that they restore the ability for the yeast mutants CS1-, MDH1-, and CS1-/MDH1- to grow on acetate. Determination of CS1 activity in isolated mitochondria showed a 10-fold increase for the strain that expressed native CS1, relative to the parental. In the transformant with CS1/MDH1 fusion protein, parental levels of CS1 were observed, while one-fifth this amount was observed for the strain expressing the CS1/HSA conjugate. Oxygen consumption studies on isolated mitochondria did not show any significant differences between parental-type yeast and the strains expressing the different fusion proteins or native CS1. [3(-13)C]Propionate was used to study the Krebs TCA cycle metabolism of yeast cells containing CS1/MDH1 fusion constructs. The 13C NMR study was performed in respiratory-competent parental yeast cells and using the genetically engineered yeast cells consisting of CS1- mutants expressing native CS1 and the fusion proteins CS1/MDH1 and CS1/HSA, respectively. [3(-13)C]Propionate is believed to be metabolized to [2(-13)C]succinyl-CoA before it enters the TCA cycle in the mitochondria. This metabolite is then oxidized through two symmetrical intermediates, succinate and fumarate, followed by conversion to malate, oxalacetate, and other metabolites such as alanine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Fundamental processes in ion plating (1980)

Ion plating is a generic term applied to film deposition processes in which the substrate surface and/or the depositing film is subjected to a flux of high energy particles sufficient to cause changes in the interfacial region of film properties compared to a nonbombarded deposition. Ion plating is being accepted as an alternative coating technique to sputter deposition, vacuum evaporation and electroplating. In order to intelligently choose between the various deposition techniques, the fundamental mechanisms, relating to ion plating, must be understood. This paper reviews the effects of low energy ion bombardment on surfaces, interface formation and film development as they apply to ion plating and the implementation and applications of the ion plating process.
Diploidization failure and apomixis in Orobanchaceae (1998)

Precise synapsis is an essential condition for maintaining regular meiosis. Many permanent hybrids and polyploids in which meiosis is unbalanced rely on alternative reproductive systems. In Orobanchaceae, irregular meiosis seems to be the rule, and alternative means of reproduction are suggested, involving parthenogenesis and pseudogamy.
Hole drift mobility and chemical structure of charge-transporting hydrazone compounds (1991)

The hole drift mobility of several hydrazone compounds dispersed in a polymer binder was correlated with their chemical structure. The mobility of hydrazone compounds having the same basic skeleton, i.e., aminophenylhydrazone, varied over about two orders of magnitude by systematic change of the substituents on the N atoms. The variety of the hole mobility was discussed on the basis of the concept of polyfunctionality and intramolecular mobility. From molecular orbital calculations, the importance of the positive charge distribution on a molecule in the cation radical state was emphasized for the molecular design of high-mobility charge-transporting compounds.
Prediction for Traffic Accident Severity: Comparing the Bayesian Network and Regression Models (2013)

The paper presents a comparison between two modeling techniques, Bayesian network and Regression models, by employing them in accident severity analysis. Three severity indicators, that is, number of fatalities, number of injuries and property damage, are investigated with the two methods, and the major contribution factors and their effects are identified. The results indicate that the goodness of fit of Bayesian network is higher than that of Regression models in accident severity modeling. This finding facilitates the improvement of accuracy for accident severity prediction. Study results can be applied to the prediction of accident severity, which is one of the essential steps in accident management process. By recognizing the key influences, this research also provides suggestions for government to take effective measures to reduce accident impacts and improve traffic safety.
Bio-inspired flapping UAV design: a university perspective (2009)

Bio-inspired design to make artificial flappers fly does not just imitate biological systems as closely as possible, but also transferring the flappers' own functionalities to engineering solutions. This paper summarizes some key technical issues and the states-of-art of bio-inspired design of flapping UAVs with an introduction to authors' recent research results in this field.
Underpotential Deposition of Lithium on Polycrystalline Gold from a LiClO4/Poly(ethylene oxide) Solid Polymer Electrolyte in Ultrahigh Vacuum (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUnderpotential Deposition of Lithium on Polycrystalline Gold from a LiClO4/Poly(ethylene oxide) Solid Polymer Electrolyte in Ultrahigh VacuumYosef Gofer, Rachael Barbour, Yuyan Luo, Donald Tryk, Daniel A. Scherson, Jillanne Jayne, and Gary ChottinerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 30, 11739–11741Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100030a018https://doi.org/10.1021/j100030a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views332Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
AM-FM-Cellular Mobile Telephone Tri Band Antenna for Vehicles (1989)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Recently, mobile telephones have become very popular in many countries. At present, however, many users mount one antenna for the mobile telephone and another antenna for AM/FM B.C. bands on their cars, which tends distract from the beauty of the cars. Ordinary mobile telephone antennas are fixed-type and can be easily damaged. We often hear that cars with a mobile telephone antenna ore more likely to be stolen or broken-into.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">To solve these problems, Fujitsu Ten has developed an AM-FM-Cellular mobile telephone tri band antenna. Users can shorten or extend this new antenna with its dedicated motor, and store the antenna inside the fender of the car when not in use. Like ordinary antennas, this new antenna is a rod with three connection points. When the antenna is fully extended, the users can use a radio and a mobile telephone at the same time. In addition, we have provided almost the same electrical performance as each single-purpose antenna.</div>
ACOUSTIC AND ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSION FROM CRACK CREATED IN ROCK SAMPLE UNDER DEFORMATION (2009)

In order to characterize the generations of electromagnetic emission (EME) and cracks created inside the materials in detail, we measured EME under monotonously increasing and repeated compressive loading of the granite sample. In the loading tests, AE signals were simultaneously measured with the EME signals, so that the generation of EME could be directly compared with the entire fracture process of the rock sample estimated by AE. In the uniaxial compressive tests, the sample was loaded at different displacement speeds from 0.02 to 0.5 mm/min. In comparison with AE, the number of EME events discriminated is lower, because of a lower signal-to-noise ratio of EME channel. The relationship between signal amplitudes of EME and AE suggests the existence of the correlation between AE and EME. The EME signals with the larger amplitude are associated with the AE signals of larger amplitude. Dispersion observed in the EME vs. AE signal amplitude plots is related to crack orientation with respect to EME electrodes. This paper also demonstrates that the simultaneous measurement of AE and EME would be useful for estimating the rock in-situ stress, as an example.
"InfoFrame Relational Store," a New Scale-Out Databas e for Big Data (2012)

Existing relational databases experience problems when used with big data because they cannot deal flexibly with increases in the amount of data and number of accesses (scaling out). On the other hand, key-value store is an advanced technology but it is also troubled by the problem of lacking data access with SQL and the transaction processing required for mission-critical operations. The InfoFrame Relationa l Store (IERS) is a scale-out-capable database software optimal for big data utilization equipped with 1) SQL interfacing, 2) transaction processing and 3) high reliability that makes it applicable to mission-critical operations. This paper introduces the features of the IERS and its architecture.
Liquid crystalline polymer laminates (1991)

Abstract On the basis of a poly(ethylene terephthalate) copolyester containing 60 mol % p ‐hydroxybenzoic acid, thin liquid crystalline films (160 μm thick) are obtained by melting the polymer at 300°C and chilling at 0°C. The undrawn films obtained have a high degree of orientation as evidenced by X‐ray measurements. Due to molecular orientation, these films are characterized by their excellent mechanical properties. In order to avoid losses in the mechanical strength due to increase in their thickness, laminates are prepared using thin liquid crystalline films. Lamination is carried out by annealing under pressure at 170°C for 6 h, resulting in samples with excellent mechanical properties regardless of their thickness. A method is proposed that makes it possible to combine the unique mechanical properties of thin films of liquid crystalline polymers with a lamination process in order to obtain thick and very strong materials.
The Prone Position Bicycle (2007)

In this paper we present a new design for a prone position triathlon bicycle frame that is light weight, ergonomically efficient, and requires minimal use of muscles that are used in swimming and running. The main idea is to place the cyclist in an aerodynamic position that is comfortable, supported by the human skeleton, and efficient. The design consists of an aero bar style handlebar, an adjustable noseless seat, crank, chainless drive and gearing system and skeletal support from a hip sling, and armrests
Properties and engineering of individual inorganic nanotubes in a transmission electron microscope (2009)

The unique possibilities of current–voltage and force-displacement curve recordings and delicate nanomanipulation of individual inorganic nanotubes under the ultimate spatial resolution typical of high-resolution transmission electron microscope are demonstrated. The examples include metal- or ceramic-filled and nitrogen-doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled boron nitride nanotubes, and gallium-filled magnesium oxide, and indium-filled silica nanotube “thermometers”.
Multi-Factor Authentication: A Survey (2018)

Today, digitalization decisively penetrates all the sides of the modern society. One of the key enablers to maintain this process secure is authentication. It covers many different areas of a hyper-connected world, including online payments, communications, access right management, etc. This work sheds light on the evolution of authentication systems towards Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) starting from Single-Factor Authentication (SFA) and through Two-Factor Authentication (2FA). Particularly, MFA is expected to be utilized for human-to-everything interactions by enabling fast, user-friendly, and reliable authentication when accessing a service. This paper surveys the already available and emerging sensors (factor providers) that allow for authenticating a user with the system directly or by involving the cloud. The corresponding challenges from the user as well as the service provider perspective are also reviewed. The MFA system based on reversed Lagrange polynomial within Shamir’s Secret Sharing (SSS) scheme is further proposed to enable more flexible authentication. This solution covers the cases of authenticating the user even if some of the factors are mismatched or absent. Our framework allows for qualifying the missing factors by authenticating the user without disclosing sensitive biometric data to the verification entity. Finally, a vision of the future trends in MFA is discussed.
Mutagenesis of specificity and toxicity regions of a Bacillus thuringiensis protoxin gene (1995)

Two different 30-nucleotide regions of the cryIAc insecticidal protoxin gene from Bacillus thuringiensis were randomly mutagenized. One region was within one of seven amphipathic helices believed to be important for the formation of ion channels. There was no loss of toxicity for three test insects by any of 27 mutants, a result similar to that obtained previously for mutations within another such helix. Only mutations within a region encoding the central helix have resulted in a substantial number of mutants with low or no toxicity. A second mutagenized region encodes amino acids which are unique to this toxin and are within one of the loops in a portion of the toxin important for specificity. Among 21 different mutations of these 10 residues, only changes of two adjacent serine residues resulted in decreased toxicity which was greater for Manduca sexta than for Heliothis virescens larvae. These mutant toxins bound poorly to the single M. sexta CryIAc vesicle-binding protein and to several of the multiple H. virescens-binding proteins. The loop containing these serines must be involved in the formation of a specific toxin recognition domain.
Integration of GPS and vision measurements for navigation in GPS challenged environments (2010)

This paper investigates into the feasibility of a combined use of Global Positioning System (GPS) and vision-based measurements for navigation in challenged GPS environments such as urban canyons and indoors. In these environments, a GPS-only navigation solution fix is generally not feasible. However, limited GPS measurements (for example, for two or three satellites) may still be available. These limited measurements can be exploited to enhance the efficacy of alternative navigation aids such as vision-aided inertial. This paper presents a method for the combination of limited GPS carrier phase measurements with features that are extracted from images of a monocular video camera. An integrated GPS/vision solution estimates position changes and orientation of the camera's body-frame; and, initializes ranges to vision-based features. Simulation results and initial experimental results are presented to validate the proposed integration method and demonstrate its performance.
A probabilistic approach to distribution system reliability assessment (1991)

The Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PGE), together with California Polytechnic State University in San Luis Obispo, has developed a personal computer program for evaluating the reliability levels of their electric distribution circuits. The program, called the Distribution Reliability Assessment Model (DREAM), incorporates historical outage information with circuit component failure rates and estimates of fault response and component repair times to compute expected levels of customer outage frequency and duration. The authors highlight recent enhancements to DREAM which allow for the evaluation of both overhead and underground circuits. The authors also describe their efforts to measure the accuracy of the DREAM calculations and the application of the program in predicting the reliabilities of 180 feeders. >
Mobility of Impurity Ions in Germanium and Silicon (1954)

Lithium has been shown to migrate as a singly-charged positive ion in single crystals of both Ge and Si in temperature ranges of 150-600\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C and 360-860\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, respectively. The mobility of the ${\mathrm{Li}}^{+}$ in crystalline Ge and Si has been measured as a function of temperature. Through the use of the Einstein relation between diffusion constant and mobility, values of the diffusion constants in ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/sec of ${\mathrm{Li}}^{+}$ in Ge and Si are obtained as follows: $D=25\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}\mathrm{exp}{\frac{(\ensuremath{-}11800)}{\mathrm{RT}}}$ for Ge and $D=23\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}\mathrm{exp}{\frac{(\ensuremath{-}15200)}{\mathrm{RT}}}$ for Si, in satisfactory agreement with previously published results on the thermal diffusion of ${\mathrm{Li}}^{+}$. A curious reversion of conductivity type of solid solutions of Li in Ge is discussed. Copper has likewise been found to move as a positive ion in germanium in the temperature range 800\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}-900\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C leading to diffusivities in agreement with previously published results.
Przyczynek do badań nad twórczą postawą studentów podczas rozwiązywania zadań matematycznych (2017)

In this paper, we understand the term ''creative attitude'' to denote an action of the learner which consists in undertaking creative activity. This activity can take different forms, such as: discovery, invention, a creative act, etc. We understand  ''discovery'' to denote a fact which already exists but was unknown to the discoverer. While teaching mathematics, we deal with such an understanding of  ''discovery'' e.g. when we use the problem method. Thence, subjectively new theorems can emerge during the solving of a mathematical problem by a student. Analyzing the collected research material, we try to determine the ability of students to find various regularities, which arise while solving mathematical problems, and to formulate these regularities in the form of theorems. We also pay attention to errors made by the respondents. The results of these observations may be helpful in assessing various aspects of mathematical activity of the examined individuals.