gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Allelic Variation of the<i>Tas1r3</i>Taste Receptor Gene Selectively Affects Behavioral and Neural Taste Responses to Sweeteners in the F<sub>2</sub>Hybrids between C57BL/6ByJ and 129P3/J Mice (2004)

Recent studies have shown that the T1R3 receptor protein encoded by the Tas1r3 gene is involved in transduction of sweet taste. To assess ligand specificity of the T1R3 receptor, we analyzed the association of Tas1r3 allelic variants with taste responses in mice. In the F2 hybrids between the C57BL/6ByJ (B6) and 129P3/J (129) inbred mouse strains, we determined genotypes of markers on chromosome 4, where Tas1r3 resides, measured consumption of taste solutions presented in two-bottle preference tests, and recorded integrated responses of the chorda tympani gustatory nerve to lingual application of taste stimuli. For intakes and preferences, significant linkages to Tas1r3 were found for the sweeteners sucrose, saccharin, and D-phenylalanine but not glycine. For chorda tympani responses, significant linkages to Tas1r3 were found for the sweeteners sucrose, saccharin, D-phenylalanine, D-tryptophan, and SC-45647 but not glycine, L-proline, L-alanine, or L-glutamine. No linkages to distal chromosome 4 were detected for behavioral or neural responses to non-sweet quinine, citric acid, HCl, NaCl, KCl, monosodium glutamate, inosine 5'-monophosphate, or ammonium glutamate. These results demonstrate that allelic variation of the Tas1r3 gene affects gustatory neural and behavioral responses to some, but not all, sweeteners. This study describes the range of ligand sensitivity of the T1R3 receptor using an in vivo approach and, to our knowledge, is the first genetic mapping study of activity in gustatory nerves.
A survey on semantic document clustering (2015)

Clustering is the process of partitioning a set of data objects into subsets. It is commonly used technique in data mining, information retrieval, and knowledge discovery for finding hidden patterns or objects from a data of different category. Text clustering process deals with grouping of an unstructured collection of documents into semantically related groups. A document is considered as a bag of words in traditional document clustering methods; however, semantic meaning of word is not considered. Thus, more informative features like concept weight are important to achieve accurate document clustering and this can be achieved through semantic document clustering because it takes meaningful relationship into account. This paper highlights major challenges in traditional document clustering and semantic document clustering along with brief discussion. This paper identifies five major areas under semantic clustering and presents a survey of 17 papers that has studied, covering major significant works. Moreover, this paper also provides a survey of tools, ontology databases, and algorithms, which help in applying and evaluating document clustering. The presented survey is used in preparing the proposed work in the same direction. This proposed work uses the concept weight for text clustering system which is to be developed based on a Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering, Bisecting k-means algorithm, and Self Organized Map Neural Network in accordance with the principles of WordNet ontology as a background knowledge.
A Kalman-Based Coordination for Hierarchical State Estimation:  Agorithm and Analysis (2008)

Hierarchical state estimation algorithms are usually employed in large-scale interconnected power systems, where state estimation usually involves very tedious communications and computations. This paper presents 1) a modified coordination technique that is based on Kalman filtering, derived from hierarchical state estimation; and 2) a time complexity analysis and experimental implementation to compare central, distributed, and hierarchical state estimation algorithms in terms of computation power and communication bandwidth requirements. Analytical and experimental results on the IEEE 118-bus test bed show that the presented approach, i.e., hierarchical Kalman filtering (HKF), needs about 34% communication bandwidth and O(1/N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ) computation power in subsystems compared to central state estimation, while giving approximately the same level of estimation precision.
A Binary Coded Decimal Converter (1956)

Of the many different coding schemes possible, the 8-4-2-1 binary decimal code was felt to be the most useful for data handling systems. A transducer wes developed for converting shaft positions to digital numbers in this code. The converter is small, light weight, and produces 10,000 binary coded decimal numbers in 100 revolutions of the input shaft. No ambiguity of number presentations is possible due to the unique configuration of the commutating discs and the brush contacts.
Improving optical measurement accuracy using multi-technique nested uncertainties (2009)

This paper compares and contrasts different combinations of scatterfield and scatterometry optical configurations as well as introduces a new approach to embedding atomic force microscopy (AFM) or other reference metrology results directly in the uncertainty analysis and library-fitting process to reduce parametric uncertainties. We present both simulation results and experimental data demonstrating this new method, which is based on the application of a Bayesian analysis to library-based regression fitting of optical critical dimension (OCD) data. We develop the statistical methods to implement this approach of nested uncertainty analysis and give several examples, which demonstrate reduced uncertainties in the final combined measurements. The approach is also demonstrated through a combined reference metrology application using several independent measurement methods.
Replication of flock house virus RNAs from primary transcripts made in cells by RNA polymerase II (1997)

To develop vector systems that combine high transcription activity with biologically safe delivery vehicles, we have explored the use of RNA replication to amplify mRNAs, by using flock house virus (FHV) as a model system. The FHV RNA replicase is encoded in the larger of the two segments that comprise the viral positive-sense RNA genome. A cDNA copy of this self-replicating RNA was precisely positioned between a promoter site for cellular RNA polymerase II and a cDNA encoding a self-cleaving ribozyme from hepatitis delta virus. Transfection of this plasmid into cultured BHK cells resulted in prolonged, autonomous FHV RNA replication in the cytoplasm and substantial amplification of the RNA replicon. The replicase also amplified RNA transcribed from a second plasmid of similar design that contained a cDNA copy of the other FHV genome segment. These results constitute a significant step toward the harnessing of nodaviral RNA replication as the basis of a versatile vector system.
Purification and Properties of <scp>d</scp>‐Gluconate Dehydratase from <i>Clostridium pasteurianum</i> (1973)

d ‐Gluconate dehydratase from Clostridium pasteurianum has been purified by heat treatment, chromatography on DEAE‐Sephadex and gel filtration to about 80% homogeneity. The overall procedure resulted in a 33‐fold purification with a yield of 16%. Further purification by electrophoresis yielded preparations homogeneous by electrophoretic and ultracentrifugal criteria. Analysis of the enzyme by sedimentation equilibrium experiments, gel‐filtration and sucrosegradient centrifugation gave a molecular weight of 131 000, 130 000 and 118 000, respectively. Treatment with sodium dodecylsulfate and mercaptoethanol dissociated the enzyme into two subunits ( M r = 64000). The enzyme is inactivated by exposure to oxygen and the activity can be restored by incubation with sulfhydryl compounds such as mercaptoethanol, dithiothreitol, reduced glutathione and cysteine in conjunction with ferrous ions for 2 h at 35°C. The reactivated enzyme dehydrates gluconate in the presence of divalent metal ions only. Ferrous ions (2 mM) are most effective but can be partially replaced by Mn 2+ , Co 2+ and Mg 2+ . EDTA inhibits the reaction completely. d ‐Gluconate dehydratase exhibits maximum activity in the pH region of 7.3 to 7.8 Among several compounds tested only d ‐gluconate is dehydrated ( K m value = 5.5 mM).
Robust Kalman filtering for uncertain discrete-time systems (1994)

This paper is concerned with the problem of a Kalman filter design for uncertain discrete-time systems. The system under consideration is subjected to time-varying norm-bounded parameter uncertainty in both the state and output matrices. The problem addressed is the design of a linear filter such that the variance of the filtering error is guaranteed to be within a certain bound for all admissible uncertainties. Furthermore, the guaranteed cost can be optimized by appropriately searching a scaling design parameter.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electrochemistry of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polyaniline/Prussian blue electrochromic devices containing an ionic liquid based gel electrolyte film (2009)

Electrochromic devices based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) as the cathodic coloring electrode and polyaniline (PANI) or Prussian blue (PB) as the counter electrode containing a highly conductive, self-supporting, distensible and transparent polymer-gel electrolyte film encapsulating an ionic liquid, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidiniumbis-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, have been fabricated. Polarization, charge transfer and diffusion processes control the electrochemistry of the functional electrodes during coloration and bleaching and these phenomena differ when PEDOT and PANI/PB were employed alternately as working electrodes. While the electrochemical impedance response shows good similitude for PEDOT and PANI electrodes, the responses of PEDOT and PB were significantly different in the PEDOT-PB device, especially during reduction of PB, wherein the overall amplitude of the impedance response is enormous. Large values of the coloration efficiency maxima of 281 cm2 C(-1) (lambda = 583 nm) and 274 cm2 C(-1) (lambda = 602 nm), achieved at -1.0 and -1.5 V for the PEDOT PANI and PEDOT-PB devices have been correlated to the particularly low magnitude of charge transfer resistance and high polarization capacitance operative at the PEDOT ionic liquid based electrolyte interface at these dc potentials, thus allowing facile ion-transport and consequently resulting in enhanced absorption modulation. Moderately fast switching kinetics and the ability of these devices to sustain about 2500 cycles of clear-to-dark and dark-to-clear without incurring major losses in the optical contrast, along with the ease of construction of these cells in terms of high scalability and reproducibility of the synthetic procedure for fabrication of the electrochromic films and the ionic liquid based gel electrolyte film, are indicators of the promise these devices hold for practical applications like electrochromic windows and displays.
Methods for Applying the Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Paradigm (2004)

There are several Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) methods to assist in the design of compounds for medicinal use. Owing to the different QSAR methodologies, deciding which QSAR method to use depends on the composition of system of interest and the desired results. The relationship between a compound’s binding affinity/activity to its structural properties was first noted in the 1930s by Hammett (,) and later refined by Hansch and Fujita () in the mid-1960s. In 1988 Cramer and coworkers () created Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) incorporating the three-dimensional (3D) aspects of the compounds, specifically the electrostatic fields of the compound, into the QSAR model. Hopfinger and coworkers () included an additional dimension to 3D-QSAR methodology in 1997 that eliminated the question of “Which conformation to use in a QSAR study?”, creating 4D-QSAR. In 1999 Chemical Computing Group Inc. () (CCG) developed the Binary-QSAR () methodology and added novel 3D-QSAR descriptors to the traditional QSAR model allowing the 3D properties of compounds to be incorporated into the traditional QSAR model. Recently CCG released Probabilistic Receptor Potentials () to calculate the substrate’s atomic preferences in the active site. These potentials are constructed by fitting analytical functions to experimental properties of the substrates using knowledge-based methods. An overview of these and other QSAR methods will be discussed along with an in-depth examination of the methodologies used to construct QSAR models. Also, included in this chapter is a case study of molecules used to create QSAR models utilizing different methodologies and QSAR programs.
Characteristics of an unclassified Mycobacterium species isolated from patients with Crohn's disease (1984)

The characteristics of an unclassified Mycobacterium sp. isolated from three patients with Crohn's disease are presented. The organism is extremely fastidious and mycobactin dependent and may require up to 18 months of incubation for primary isolation. Colony morphology is rough. Characteristics are unlike those of any presently defined species. The isolates produced postive niacin, catalase, and 2-week arylsulfatase reactions and were susceptible to neotetrazolium chloride (1:40,000), streptomycin (2 micrograms/ml), and rifampin (0.25 micrograms/ml). Chromogenicity, nitrate reduction, quantitative catalase, Tween hydrolysis, urease, tellurite reduction, pyrazinamidase, and 3-day arylsulfatase tests were negative, and the isolates were resistant to thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide (10 micrograms/ml) and isoniazid (10 micrograms/ml). Optimum growth in broth was determined to be in 7H9 medium with Dubos oleic albumin complex, Tween 80, and mycobactin J at 37 degrees C without CO2 or agitation and in low medium depth. This Mycobacterium sp. may be a subspecies or biovariant of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, or it may represent a new species of Mycobacterium. It is suggested that this Mycobacterium sp. may play an etiological role in some cases of Crohn's disease.
Immunomodulatory effect of synthetic branched polypeptides I. (1984)

A comparative investigation of various polypeptides was carried out in order to elucidate structure-activity correlations. The immunoadjuvant properties of the chemically well-characterized branched polypeptides, poly[Lys-(DL-Alam)] (Lys:Ala = 1:2.95) (AK), poly[Lys-(D-Leui-DL-Alam)] (Lys:Ala:Leu = 1:3.0:0.95) (D-LAK), and poly[Lys-Hisi-DL-Alam)] (Lys:Ala:His = 1:2.95:0.85) (HAK), were investigated. D-LAK and HAK were able to augment the antibody response of BDF inbred mice to immunization with sheep red blood cells (SRBC), as assessed by the hemolytic plaque-forming cell assay, whereas AK had no similar effect. The stimulating effect of D-LAK and HAK was dependent on dose and timing of treatment relative to SRBC immunization. However, the optimal dose levels were lower and the effective dose interval more restricted as compared to the previously described poly[Lys-(Leui-DL-Alam)] (LAK). Like LAK, both HAK and D-LAK were able to compensate for the immunosuppressive effect of the cytotoxic drugs dianhydrogalactitol, vincristine, and 5-fluorouracil, which all have different mechanisms of action, provided that combined treatment by polypeptide and drug was applied repeatedly before the SRBC immunization.
Site-specific cleavage of RNA by Fe(II).bleomycin. (1990)

Bleomycin is an antitumor agent whose activity has long been thought to derive from its ability to degrade DNA. Recent findings suggest that cellular RNA may be a therapeutically relevant locus. At micromolar concentrations, Fe(II)-bleomycin readily cleaved a Bacillus subtilis tRNAHis precursor in a highly selective fashion, but Escherichia coli tRNA(Tyr) precursor was largely unaffected even under more forcing conditions. Other substrates included an RNA transcript encoding a large segment of the reverse transcriptase from human immunodeficiency virus 1. RNA cleavage was oxidative, approximately 10-fold more selective than DNA cleavage, and largely unaffected by nonsubstrate RNAs. RNA sequence analysis suggested recognition of RNA tertiary structure, rather than recognition of specific sequences; subsets of nucleotides at the junction of single- and double-stranded regions were especially susceptible to cleavage. The ready accessibility of cellular RNAs to xenobiotic agents, the high selectivity of bleomycin action on RNAs, and the paucity of mechanisms for RNA repair suggest that RNA may be a therapeutically relevant target for bleomycin.
Preparation and properties of uniformly coated inorganic colloidal particles. 2. Chromium hydrous oxide on hematite (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and properties of uniformly coated inorganic colloidal particles. 2. Chromium hydrous oxide on hematiteAjay Garg and Egon MatijevicCite this: Langmuir 1988, 4, 1, 38–44Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00079a006https://doi.org/10.1021/la00079a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views395Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fitness Features Involved in the Biocontrol Interaction of Pseudomonas chlororaphis With Host Plants: The Case Study of PcPCL1606 (2019)

The goal of this mini review is to summarize the relevant contribution of some beneficial traits to the behavior of the species <i>Pseudomonas chlororaphis</i>, and using that information, to give a practical point of view using the model biocontrol strain <i>P. chlororaphis</i> PCL1606 (PcPCL1606). Among the group of plant-beneficial rhizobacteria, <i>P. chlororaphis</i> has emerged as a plant- and soil-related bacterium that is mainly known because of its biological control of phytopathogenic fungi. Many traits have been reported to be crucial during the multitrophic interaction involving the plant, the fungal pathogen and the soil environment. To explore the different biocontrol-related traits, the biocontrol rhizobacterium PcPCL1606 has been used as a model in recent studies. This bacterium is antagonistic to many phytopathogenic fungi and displays effective biocontrol against fungal phytopathogens. Antagonistic and biocontrol activities are directly related to the production of the compound 2-hexyl, 5-propyl resorcinol (HPR), despite the production of other antifungal compounds. Furthermore, PcPCL1606 has displayed additional traits regarding its fitness in soil and plant root environments such as soil survival, efficient plant root colonization, cell-to-cell interaction or promotion of plant growth.
Rifabutin absorption in humans: Relative bioavailability and food effect (1992)

The relative bioavailability of the capsule dose form (150 mg) and the effect of high-fat food were assessed in a randomized, three-way crossover trial of rifabutin in 12 healthy male volunteers. Each subject received a single 150 mg dose as a solution (treatment A, fasted) or a capsule with food (treatment B) and without food (treatment C), with a 2-week washout period. Serial plasma and urine samples were obtained for 168 and 48 hours, respectively, and rifabutin and its active metabolite, 25-O-deacetyl-rifabutin, quantitated by a validated HPLC procedure. The mean +/- SD maximum concentration for rifabutin in plasma was 238 +/- 65, 156 +/- 52, and 188 +/- 50 ng/ml, time to reach peak concentration was 2.5 +/- 0.4, 5.4 +/- 1.6, and 3.0 +/- 1.1 hours, and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to infinity [AUC(0-infinity)] was 2989 +/- 726, 2640 +/- 891, and 2516 +/- 601 ng.hr/ml for the solution and the capsule during the fed and fasted states, respectively. Percentage of dose excreted in the urine as unchanged rifabutin was 11.0% +/- 2.4%, 11.4% +/- 4.9%, and 9.1% +/- 2.1% for treatments A, B, and C, respectively. The corresponding AUC(0-infinity) values for the equiactive metabolite 25-O-deacetyl-rifabutin, were 400 +/- 184, 361 +/- 187, and 298 +/- 102 ng.hr/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Initial experience with high-dose radioimmunotherapy of metastatic medullary thyroid cancer using 131I-MN-14 F(ab)2 anti-carcinoembryonic antigen MAb and AHSCR. (2000)

The results show the safety of administering high myeloablative doses of 131I-MN-14 F(ab)2 with AHSCR in patients with metastatic medullary thyroid cancer. The antitumor responses in patients with aggressive, rapidly progressing disease are encouraging and warrant further research to optimize the effectiveness of this new treatment.
Design of CMOS inverter-based output buffers adapting the cherry-hooper broadbanding technique (2009)

A methodology for designing CMOS inverter-based output buffers considering speed, gain, jitter, and drivability requirements is presented. In this methodology, the band-broadening technique of the classic Cherry-Hooper amplifier is adapted for CMOS inverters. A buffer designed in this manner offers higher speed than a commonly used simple chain of inverters with exponentially increasing gate widths. The buffer is implemented by making minor modifications to a 4-stage CMOS inverter chain. The proposed design is suitable for output buffers for high-speed CMOS logic circuits.
Cyclohexanecarbaldehyde in multicomponent syntheses of functionalized cyclohexyl-substituted acrylonitriles, 4H-chalcogenopyrans, 1,4-dihydropyridines, and pyridines (2006)

Multicomponent condensations of cyclohexanecarbaldehyde with CH acids, malonodinitrile, cyanothio(seleno)acetamide, ethyl cyanoacetate, ethyl acetoacetate, thiobarbituric acid, dimedone, resorcinol, and 3-aminophenol, afforded functionalized cyclohexyl-substituted acrylonitriles, 4H-pyrans, 4H-thio(seleno)-pyrans, 1-benzopyrans, 1,4-dihydropyridines, and pyridines.
D-OSKIL: A New Mechanism for Controlling Stick-Slip Oscillations in Oil Well Drillstrings (2008)

Limit cycles occurring in oil well drillstrings result from the interaction between the drill bit and the rock during drilling operations. In this paper, we propose to use the weight on the bit (WoB) force as an additional control variable to extinguish limit cycles when they occur. An approximate analysis based on the bias describing function and completed with some simulations, provides good evidence that the rotational dynamics of the oil well drillstring displays such a behavior. In particular, we propose an adaptation law for the WoB named D-OSKIL mechanisms, which results from a variant of the oscillation killer (OSKIL) mechanism studied in detail in [6]. In opposition to the heuristic control structure proposed in [7], we show that the new WoB (W <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oB</sub> ) control law results in a globally asymptotically stable closed-loop system. Simulations applying the D-OSKIL mechanism show that the stick-slip oscillations can be eliminated without requiring a redesign of the velocity rotary table control.