gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Outpatient management of minor burns. (1977)

The overwhelming majority of burns are minor and can be treated on an ambulatory basis if hospitalization is not indicated. Recommended are topical antimicrobial agents in the acute phase and pressure garments after wound healing. Sound principles of burn wound management determine the ultimate outcome of treatment, the degree of function and the cosmetic appearance of the healed wound.
Integration of surface-based tomographic models for zonation and multimodel guided extrapolation of sparsely known petrophysical parameters (2013)

ABSTRACT We integrate the information of multiple tomographic models acquired from the earth’s surface by modifying a statistical approach recently developed for the integration of cross-borehole tomographic models. In doing so, we introduce spectral cluster analysis as the new core of the model integration procedure to capture the spatial heterogeneity present in all considered tomographic models and describe this heterogeneity in a fuzzy sense. Because spectral cluster algorithms analyze model structure locally, they are considered relatively robust with regard to systematically and spatially varying imaging capabilities typical for geophysical tomographic surveys conducted on the earth’s surface. Using a synthetic aquifer example, a fuzzy spectral cluster algorithm can be used to integrate the information provided by 2D tomographic refraction seismic and DC resistivity surveys. The integrated information in the fuzzy membership domain is then used to derive an integrated zonal geophysical model outlining the major structural units present in both input models. We also explain how the fuzzy membership information can be used to identify optimal locations for sparse logging of additional target parameters, i.e., porosity information in our synthetic example. We demonstrate how this sparse porosity information can be extrapolated based on all tomographic input models. The resultant 2D porosity model matches the original porosity distribution reasonably well within the spatial resolution limits of the underlying tomographic models. Consecutively, we apply this approach to a field data base acquired over a former river channel. Sparse information about natural gamma radiation is available and extrapolated on the basis of the fuzzy membership information obtained by spectral cluster analysis of 2D P-wave velocity and electrical resistivity models. This field data shows that the presented parameter extrapolation procedure is robust, even if the locations of target parameter acquisition have not been optimized with regard to the fuzzy membership information.
The South and the Concurrent Majority (1973)

The South and the Concurrent Majority. By David M. Potter. Ed. by Don E. Fehrenbacher and Carl N. Degler. (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1972. viii + 89 pp. Notes. $4.95.) Get access C. Vann Woodward C. Vann Woodward Yale University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 60, Issue 1, June 1973, Pages 123–124, https://doi.org/10.2307/2936352 Published: 01 June 1973
Adsorption of alkali chloride and ammonium halide on halloysite (1958)

Abstract It is generally accepted that broken bonds are the major cause of cation exchange in kaolin minerals, although the studies of a “fireclay” type of kaolin mineral (8) and hydrated halloysite (12, 15) seem to indicate that lattice substitutions, such as that found for 2 : 1 type of clay minerals, account for the fairly large parts of the cation-exchange capacities of some kaolin clays, particularly with poor crystallinity.
Classifying and detecting group behaviour from visual surveillance data (2002)

We outline an approach to classifying and detecting behaviours from surveillance data. Simple pairwise movement patterns are learned and used as building blocks to describe behaviour over a temporal sequence, or compared with other pairs to detect group behaviour. As the pair primitives are easy to redefine and learn, and complex behaviour over time is specified by the user as a sequence of pair primitives, this approach provides a flexible yet robust method of detecting complex movement in a wide variety of domains.
Inhibitory effects of autologous γ-irradiated cell conditioned medium on osteoblasts in vitro (2012)

Skeletal complications from radiation therapy have been reported in patients with breast, brain and pelvic cancer, and types of blood cancer. However, it remains to be elucidated whether localized radiotherapy may result in systemic adverse effects on the unirradiated skeleton through an abscopal mechanism. The present study investigated the abscopal effect of radiation on osteoblasts mediated by autologous γ-irradiated cell conditioned medium. Osteoblasts obtained from calvarial bones were incubated with irradiated cell conditioned medium (ICCM) and changes in cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization ability, cell apoptosis and the gene expression levels of ALP, osteocalcin (BGP), osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and caspase 3 were observed. Notably, ICCM regulated osteoblast function, inhibiting viability and differentiation, resulting in apoptosis or cell death. ICCM at 10 or 20%, from osteoblasts irradiated with 10 Gy γ-rays, significantly inhibited the proliferation of osteoblastic cells (P<0.001). In addition, an increase in apoptosis was noted in the osteoblasts incubated with ICCM at 40% with increasing doses of radiation, accompanied by an upregulation in the mRNA expression of caspase 3. In addition, ICCM at 20% inhibited the ALP activity in the 5 and 10 Gy groups and osteoblast mineralization, particularly at 10 Gy ICCM. Additionally, the mRNA expression levels of ALP, BGP, OPG and RANKL of the cells treated with ICCM at 20% were downregulated significantly compared with those treated with medium from unirradiated cells. The present study provided novel evidence to elucidate radiation-therapy-associated side effects on the skeleton.
A simple linear precoder for selection-type cooperative MIMO systems (2010)

We propose a simple linear precoder for selection-type cooperative multiple-input multiple-output communication systems. After a received symbol vector is detected at destination, the link which has the highest minimum receive substream signal-to-noise-ratio between the source-destination link and the source-relay-destination link is selected as a transmission link. Under the assumption that the full channel state information is available at every node, source and relay precodering scheme, which is suitable for zero-forcing detector, is proposed. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed relaying technique is comparable to that of the near-optimal linear protocol while offering lower computational complexity.
Tumors and their microenvironments: tilling the soil. Commentary re: A. M. Scott et al., A Phase I dose-escalation study of sibrotuzumab in patients with advanced or metastatic fibroblast activation protein-positive cancer. Clin. Cancer Res., 9: 1639-1647, 2003. (2003)

The conventional concept of tumor-host interactions is rooted in the realm of parasitology. A tumor invades an unsuspecting host, and in response to this assault, the host attempts to resist the advances of the tumor by calling on the armamentarium of the immune system. This implies a fundamental
Comparison of the hydrogenation techniques on polysilicon TFTs (1993)

Hydrogenation is a key technique to improve the electrical performances of the polysilicon thin film transistors (TFT). However, the modifications of the electrical properties strongly depend on the techniques of hydrogenation. Usually, hydrogen passivation of polysilicon films is performed using RF plasma of hydrogen (1) or by the use of silicon nitride films deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) on the polysilicon TFT (2). However, a new technique of hydrogenation based on the electron-cyclotron resonance plasma (ECR) is under investigation in several laboratories (3). In this paper, early electrical results on the hydrogenation of polysilicon TFTs using a new microwave plasma technique which does not use a magnetic field as the ECR technique is presented and compared with those obtained with the silicon nitride passivation technique.
Thermoresponsive Hydrogel of Diblock Methylcellulose: Formation of Ribbonlike Supramolecular Nanostructures by Self-Assembly (2012)

This article provides detailed insight into the thermoresponsive gelation mechanism of industrially produced methylcellulose (MC), highlighting the importance of diblock structure with a hydrophobic sequence of 2,3,6-tri-O-methyl-glucopyranosyl units for this physicochemical property. We show herein, for the first time, that well-defined diblock MC self-assembles thermoresponsively into ribbonlike nanostructures in water. A cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) technique was used to detect the ribbonlike nanostructures formed by the diblock copolymers consisting of hydrophilic glucosyl or cellobiosyl and hydrophobic 2,3,6-tri-O-methyl-cellulosyl blocks, methyl β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-2,3,6-tri-O-methyl-celluloside 1 (G-236MC, DP(n) = 10.7, DS = 2.65), and methyl β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-2,3,6-tri-O-methyl-celluloside 2 (GG-236MC, DP(n) = 28.2, DS = 2.75). Rheological measurements revealed that the gel strength of a dispersion of GG-236MC (2, 2.0 wt %) in water at 70 °C was 3.0 times stronger than that of commercial MC SM-8000, although the molecular weight of GG-236MC (2) having M(w) = 8 × 10(3) g/mol was 50 times smaller than that of SM-8000 having M(w) = 4 × 10(5) g/mol. Cryo-TEM observation suggested that the hydrogel formation of the diblock copolymers could be attributed to the entanglement of ribbonlike nanostructures self-assembled by the diblock copolymers in water. The cryo-TEM micrograph of GG-236MC (2) at 5 °C showed rectangularly shaped nanostructures having a thickness from 11 to 24 nm, although G-236MC (1) at 20 °C showed no distinct self-assembled nanostructures. The ribbonlike nanostructures of GG-236MC (2) having a length ranging from 91 to 864 nm and a thickness from 8.5 to 27.1 nm were detected above 20 °C. Small-angle X-ray scattering measurements suggested that the ribbonlike nanostructures of GG-236MC (2) consisted of a bilayer structure with a width of ca. 40 nm. It was likely that GG-236MC (2) molecules were oriented perpendicularly to the long axis of the ribbonlike nanostructure. In addition, wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements revealed that GG-236MC (2) in its hydrogel formed the same crystalline regions as 2,3,6-tri-O-methylcellulose. The influence of the DP of diblock MC with a DS of around 2.7 on the gelation behavior will be discussed.
Report on Cosmetics (1952)

Journal Article Report on Cosmetics Get access G Robert Clark G Robert Clark Referee Division of Cosmetics, Food and Drug Administration, Federal Security Agency, Washington, D. C Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Volume 35, Issue 2, 1 May 1952, Page 277, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/35.2.277 Published: 08 February 2020
Nonviral In Vivo Gene Therapy for Tissue Engineering of Articular Cartilage and Tendon Repair (2000)

Heretofore, nonviral methods have been used primarily for in vitro transfection of cultured cell lines. These methods were substantially less efficient when compared with the use of viruses, particularly when used in vivo. Herein a three-step, highly efficient method of nonviral gene delivery is presented. Using this method, genes have been delivered successfully into tissues of orthopaedic importance with high-efficiency by nonviral means. Transforming growth factor-beta 1, parathyroid hormone related protein, and a marker gene were transfected into primary perichondrium and cartilage cells with efficiencies in excess of 70%. They overexpressed their cognate gene products showing efficacy of expression in a rabbit model of osteochondral defect repair. Using the same method, a marker gene was delivered into a canine model for intrasynovial flexor tendon injury and repair. This was achieved by direct gene delivery during surgery. An estimated 5 additional minutes were required during surgery to complete the transfection steps. High efficiency gene delivery was achieved in the flexor tendons, tendon sheaths, tendon pulleys, surrounding tissues, and skin. The efficiency of transfection approached 100% in the exposed superficial tissue layers and transfected cells were found several layers below the exposed tissue surfaces. The data show the potential of direct nonviral gene therapy in orthopaedics for ex vivo and in vivo applications.
Fast Coherence Scanning Interferometry for Measuring Smooth, Rough and Spherical Surfaces (1995)

Abstract Coherence scanning interferometry is a useful instrument for measuring the geometry of a wide range of surfaces with high resolution. By introducing two objectives with a high numerical aperture in both arms of a Michelson interferometer it is possible to investigate spherical and aspherical surfaces. In addition to classical interferometry, the method can be applied to smooth, rough or separated surfaces.
Cyclic long‐term loading of a bilateral fixed‐angle plate in comparison with tension band wiring with K‐wires or cannulated screws in transverse patella fractures (2012)

The bilateral fixed-angle plate and cannulated lag screws with anterior tension wiring preserved a constantly reduced fracture gap over 10,000 tensile cycles in contrast to modified anterior tension wiring, which exhibited significant widening of the gap after initial loading. Results of in vitro testing indicate that bilateral fixed-angle plates provide sustainable fixation stability offering a promising new option in the treatment for transverse patella fractures.
Using Commercially Available Personal Glucose Meters for Portable Quantification of DNA (2012)

DNA detection is commonly used in molecular biology, pathogen analysis, genetic disorder diagnosis, and forensic tests. While traditional methods for DNA detection such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA microarrays have been well developed, they require sophisticated equipment and operations, and thus it is still challenging to develop a portable and quantitative DNA detection method for the public use at home or in the field. Although many other techniques and devices have been reported to make the DNA detection simple and portable, very few of them are currently accessible to the public for quantitative DNA detection because of either the requirement of laboratory-based instrument or lack of quantitative detection. Herein we report application of personal glucose meters (PGMs), which are widely available, low cost, and simple to use, for quantitative detection of DNA, including a hepatitis B virus DNA fragment. The quantification is based on target-dependent binding of cDNA-invertase conjugate with the analyte DNA, thereby transforming the concentration of DNA in the sample into glucose through invertase-catalyzed hydrolysis of sucrose. Instead of amplifying DNA strands through PCR, which is vulnerable to contaminations commonly encountered for home and field usage, we demonstrate here signal amplifications based on enzymatic turnovers, making it possible to detect 40 pM DNA using PGM that can detect glucose only at the mM level. The method also shows excellent selectivity toward single nucleotide mismatches.
An analog integrated speech front-end based on the auditory periphery (2002)

The authors present an analog CMOS integrated circuit realization of an auditory periphery model which includes the middle ear, the basilar membrane, and the hair cells/synapses. With speech input, the pattern of the multichannel outputs resembles the neurogram of the auditory nerve fibers, i.e. the time-varying instantaneous firing rates of fibers having different characteristic frequencies. This real-time low-power-dissipation speech preprocessor can be used as the front-end to practical speech processing and recognition systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Phytochrome Phosphorylation Modulates Light Signaling by Influencing the Protein–Protein Interaction[W] (2004)

Plant photoreceptor phytochromes are phosphoproteins, but the question as to the functional role of phytochrome phosphorylation has remained to be elucidated. We investigated the functional role of phytochrome phosphorylation in plant light signaling using a Pfr-specific phosphorylation site mutant, Ser598Ala of oat (Avena sativa) phytochrome A (phyA). The transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana (phyA-201 background) plants with this mutant phyA showed hypersensitivity to light, suggesting that phytochrome phosphorylation at Serine-598 (Ser598) in the hinge region is involved in an inhibitory mechanism. The phosphorylation at Ser598 prevented its interaction with putative signal transducers, Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase-2 and Phytochrome-Interacting Factor-3. These results suggest that phosphorylation in the hinge region of phytochromes serves as a signal-modulating site through the protein-protein interaction between phytochrome and its putative signal transducer proteins.
Tryptophan in hepatic coma. (1978)

The concentrations of tryptophan in serum and CSF, as well as that of 5-HIAA in CSF were investigated in various group of patients. Those with hepatic cirrhosis have normal total serum tryptophan. However, because of the low concentration of serum albumin the percentage of nonalbumin-bound tryptophan is elevated about 50 percent above the mean control value. By contrast tryptophan in the CSF was increased by 50 to over 800 percent. This suggests that there is also an increase in brain tryptophan and serotonin in the cirrhotic patients. No significant difference was found for the concentrations of tryptophan in CSF of patients in coma and those not in coma. Patients with hepatic coma had an elevated concentration of 5-HIAA in the lumbar CSF which may reflect the increase in this compound and in serotonin reported by Jellinger and Riederer (1977). However, following treatment with probenecid in order to block the egress of 5-HIAA from the CSF, the concentration of 5-HIAA in relation to that of probenecid was not significantly different for the group with hepatic coma as compared with the control group.
High-nitrogen explosives (2002)

The syntheses and characterization of various tetrazine and furazan compounds offer a different approach to explosives development. Traditional explosives - such as TNT or RDX - rely on the oxidation of the carbon and hydrogen atoms by the oxygen carrying nitro group to produce the explosive energy. High-nitrogen compounds rely instead on large positive heats of formation for that energy. Some of these high-nitrogen compounds have been shown to be less sensitive to initiation (e.g. by impact) when compared to traditional nitro-containing explosives of similar performances. Using the precursor, 3,6-bis-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-s-tetrazine (BDT), several useful energetic compounds based on the s-tetrazine system have been synthesized and studied. The compound, 3,3{prime}-azobis(6-amino-s-tetrazine) or DAAT, detonates as a half inch rate stick despite having no oxygen in the molecule. Using perfluoroacetic acid, DAAT can be oxidized to give mixtures of N-oxide isomers (DAAT03.5) with an average oxygen content of about 3.5. This energetic mixture burns at extremely high rates and with low dependency on pressure. Another tetrazine compound of interest is 3,6-diguanidino-s-tetrazine(DGT) and its dinitrate and diperchlorate salts. DGT is easily synthesized by reacting BDT with guanidine in methanol. Using Caro's acid, DGT can be further oxidized to give 3,6-diguanidino-s-tetrazine-1,4-di-N-oxide (DGT-DO). Like DGT, the di-N-oxide can react with nitric acid or perchloric acid to give the dinitrate and the diperchlorate salts. The compounds, 4,4{prime}-diamino-3,3{prime}-azoxyfurazan (DAAF) and 4,4{prime}-diamino-3,3{prime}-azofurazan (DAAzF), may have important future roles in insensitive explosive applications. Neither DAAF nor DAAzF can be initiated by laboratory impact drop tests, yet both have in some aspects better explosive performances than 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene TATB - the standard of insensitive high explosives. The thermal stability of DAAzF is equal to that of hexanitrostilbene (HNS), yet it has a greater CJ pressure and detonation velocity. In an effort to reduce the critical diameter of TATB without sacrificing its insensitivity, we have studied the explosive performances of TATB mixed with DAAzlF (X-0561) and TATB mixed with DAAF (X-0563).
Synthesis of Fluorescent Metallic Nanoclusters toward Biomedical Application: Recent Progress and Present Challenges (2009)

Recent advances in nanomaterials have produced a new class of fluorescent labels by biocognition molecules to fluorescent noble-metal nanoclusters such as Au and Ag. In particular, the emission wavelength of metallic nanoclusters can be tuned by changing the capping molecules, and a single light source is needed for simultaneous excitation of all different-emissive nanoclusters, which is similar to semiconductor quantum dots. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in synthesis approaches, biomolecular conjugation and its biomedical application. Fabricating the color-emitting metal nanoclusters using the template-based synthesis (i.e., dendrimer, oligonucleotide, proteins, polyelectrolyte, and polymer) and monolayer-protected nanocluster (MPC) synthesis (i.e., dihydrogen lipoic acid and mercaptoundecanoic acid) are described. High-quality nanoclusters are also more biocompatible and stable against photobleaching compared with organic dyes. These novel optical properties render the fluorescent noble-metal nanoclusters ideal fluorophores for multicolor and multiplexing applications in biomedical engineering and molecular biotechnology.
The Phosphazenes (Phosphonitrilic Compounds). (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleThe Phosphazenes (Phosphonitrilic Compounds).R. A. Shaw, B. W. Fitzsimmons, and B. C. SmithCite this: Chem. Rev. 1962, 62, 3, 247–281Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60217a004https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60217a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1480Altmetric-Citations153LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts