gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The pathogenic equine streptococci (2004)

Streptococci pathogenic for the horse include S. equi (S. equi subsp. equi), S. zooepidemicus (S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus), S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis and S. pneumoniae capsule Type III. S. equi is a clonal descendent or biovar of an ancestral S. zooepidemicus strain with which it shares greater than 98% DNA homology and therefore expresses many of the same proteins and virulence factors. Rapid progress has been made in identification of virulence factors and proteins uniquely expressed by S. equi. Most of these are expressed either on the bacterial surface or are secreted. Notable examples include the antiphagocytic SeM and the secreted pyrogenic superantigens SePE-I and H. The genomic DNA sequence of S. equi will greatly accelerate identification and characterization of additional virulence factors and vaccine targets. Although it is the most frequently isolated opportunist pyogen of the horse, S. zooepidemicus has been the subject of few contemporary research studies. Variation in the protectively immunogenic SzP proteins has, however, been well characterized. Given its opportunist behavior, studies are urgently needed on regulation of virulence factors such as capsule and proteases. Likewise, information is also very limited on virulence factors and associated gene regulation of S. dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis. It has recently been shown that equine isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae are clonal, a feature shared with S. equi. All equine isolates express capsule Type III, are genetically similar, and have deletions in the genes for autolysin and pneumolysin. In summary, the evolving picture of the interaction of the equine pathogenic streptococci and their host is that of multiple virulence factors active at different stages of pathogenesis. The inherent complexity of this interaction suggests that discovery of effective combinations of immunogens from potential targets identified in genomic sequence will be laborious.
New Production Logging Tool for Inflow Profiling of Low-Rate Oil and Water Horizontal Wells: Case Studies of Field Testing an Experimental Prototype (2017)

Abstract The current results of development of a new production logging (PL) tool based on an azimuthally distributed array of thermal anemometers and aimed at determination of inflow profiles beyond the limits of common mechanical sensors in horizontal wells producing oil and water at low rates are described in this paper. Theoretical background, implementation technique, and experimental prototype (EXP) were developed for the PL tool using azimuthally distributed thermo-anemometer (TA) sensors to obtain a dataset characterizing the production regime in low-rate (below 150 m3/d) oil and water horizontal wells. The new PL tool's TA sensors record overheating profiles along a well that depend on the local velocity of the fluid and its phase composition. The periodic heating regime of the TA sensors enabled measuring the undisturbed fluid temperature for determination of overheating and acquiring high-resolution temperature profiles, thus providing a valuable additional dataset of diagnostic attributes for characterization of the inflow. Laboratory testing allowed determination of calibration dependencies of TA signals versus velocities of single-phase water and oil flows. The calibrations were used for interpretation of data obtained with the PL tool and evaluation of the distribution of fluid phases for cross sections along a well and profiles of phase velocities. These results indicated the new tool's potential for implementation with a standard PL toolstring in low-rate oil and water horizontal wells. Interpretation of the EXP data together with that from standard PL tools enhanced the reliability of the determination of inflow zone intervals, phase composition of an inflowing fluid, and phase distribution of producing fluid along a well. Analysis of the field data established that effective resolution of temperature measurements by the new PL tool is approximately 0.015 K to enable registration of the effective fluid velocity in range of 0.5 to 15 m/min with corresponding resolution of 0.01 to 0.3 m/min to result in a spatial resolution of 1 to 20 m of the recorded parameters for uniform inflow along a horizontal wellbore. The evaluated values of spatial resolution are based on optimized logging speed, taking into account TA measurement specifics, well construction design, and total production rate. In this first field test of the innovative EXP in two horizontal wells producing water and oil at low rates, the tool was conveyed on coiled tubing and tractor. Joint interpretation of data recorded with the EXP and standard PL tools confirmed that the inflow profiles for each well along with profiles of phase velocities and water inflow zones were reliably established.
High levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) in crevicular fluid of periodontitis patients with plaque (1998)

The intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is a membrane-bound molecule involved in cell-cell adhesive interactions which is upregulated on inflammatory epithelial cells. The levels of soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) shed into the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were studied in healthy patients and patients with gingivitis, adult periodontitis or rapidly progressive periodontitis, using an ELISA technique. Clinical parameters including plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, and bleeding on probing were recorded following careful sampling of GCF with standardised filter strips. In GCF, sICAM-1 levels were higher for patients with plaque (p=0.04) and for patients with inflammation (p=0.02), but did not correlate with disease classifications. These results suggest that elevated GCF sICAM-1 levels may represent increased shedding of this molecule in the interstitial fluid as a result of membrane-bound ICAM-1 upregulation on ICAM-1 gingival-bearing cells in relation with plaque accumulation and inflammation.
Inhibition of rabies virus transcription in rat cortical neurons with the dissociative anesthetic ketamine (1992)

In a previous study (B. P. Lockhart, H. Tsiang, P. E. Ceccaldi, and S. Guillemer, Antiviral Chem. Chemother. 2:9-15, 1991), we demonstrated an antiviral effect of the general anesthetic ketamine for rabies virus in neuronal cultures and in rat brain. This report describes an attempt to determine at what level ketamine acts on the rabies virus cycle in rat cortical neuron cultures. Immunofluorescence and [35S]methionine labelling of infected neurons showed that ketamine (1 to 1.5 mM) inhibited viral nucleoprotein and glycoprotein syntheses. Northern (RNA) blots of total RNA from drug-treated neurons, hybridized with 32P-labelled oligonucleotide probes for rabies virus nucleoprotein, matrix protein, and glycoprotein genes, showed a marked reduction (5- to 11-fold) in the levels of rabies virus mRNAs, relative to those in untreated neurons. No significant change in the levels of cellular beta-actin mRNA were detected in ketamine-treated cells. A similar antiviral effect was observed with MK-801; however, no inhibition of rabies virus synthesis was observed with the general anesthetic chloral hydrate. The antiviral effect was not complete; a time-dependent recovery of viral transcription and rabies virus protein synthesis was observed, but no infectious virus was released into the culture supernatant. The lack of any modification of cellular protein or mRNA synthesis by ketamine suggests an antiviral mechanism acting at the level of rabies virus genome transcription.
<i>Standard X-ray diffraction powder patterns. Section 11</i>by H. E. Swanson, H. F. McMurdie, M. C. Morris, E. H. Evans and B. Paretzkin (1974)

Determination of electronic charge distribution, comparison of experimental electron densities and quantum chemical calculations, accuracy in structure factor determination, TDS and lattice dynamics, Compton scattering.
Optimization of Order Allocation to In-Stock Slabs by Genetic Algorithm (1997)

In the order allocation to in-stock slabs problem, it is necessary to optimize both the selection thick and flat pieces of steel plate, that is called in-stock slabs, for each orders and the order arrangement in hot rolling plates. The optimum solution in this problem is to produce as many high priority orders as possible while using the slabs as efficiently as possible, i.e. reducing waste material as much as possible.We have approached this in-stock allocation problem as a combinatorial optimization problem and have successfully applied a combinatorial optimization method known as the genetic algorithms (GA) to achieve an optimal allocation and arrangement. We present the GA based system in this paper.As the in-stock allocation problem became more complicated (number of constraints included, number of orders, number of slabs, etc.) the calculation time began to exceed the allocated production planning time. In this system we divided the problem into sub problems while maintaining solution quality. By allocating the given calculation time among the small problems we were able to obtain a good solution in a feasible calculation time.In general, it is difficult to solve the problem which includes a vast of array of solution constraints and restrictions using GA. The order allocation problem has many these constraints such as order/slab material composition restriction, machine dictated order arrangement constraints and so on. In the proposed system, by introducing a new coding and decoding method which considers these constraints, it is possible to enable the application of GA.Furthermore, in this problem it is necessary to satisfy the two objectives of order priority and yield rate. By the construction of the evaluation function and the tuning of the weighting coefficients we were able to develop a system which satisfies two objectives.
A Scalable Synthesis of (<i>R</i>)-3,5-Dihydro-4<i>H</i>-dinaphth[2,1-<i>c</i>:1‘2‘-<i>e</i>]azepine (2003)

Environmentally benign scalable procedures are developed to supply enantiomerically pure (R)-3,5-dihydro-4H-dinaphth[2,1-c:1‘2‘-e]azepine 1 as its hydrogen oxalate salt in a five-step overall yield of 41%, which consist of the following: (1) bis O-triflation of (R)-1,1‘-bi-2-naphthol 8 [(CF3SO2)2O, pyridine, PhMe; quantitative yield]; (2) Kumada's cross-coupling [MeMgI, NiCl2(dppp), tert-BuOMe; 96% yield]; (3) radical bromination [N-bromosuccinimide, 2,2‘-azobisisobutyronitrile, cyclohexane; 54% yield]; (4) cyclization [allylamine, Et3N, THF, 86%]; (5) N-deallylation [1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid, Pd(OAc)2, Ph3P, PhMe] followed by crystalline salt formation with oxalic acid (overall 92% yield).
Longitudinal sero‐reactivity to human herpesvirus 8 (KSHV) in the Swiss HIV Cohort 4.7 years before KS (2001)

The relationship between viral infection with Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and the onset of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) in AIDS patients is incompletely understood. This study investigates the use of three serological assays to predict the development of KS in HIV-positive patients. Serially collected serum samples from 36 patients with KS and matched controls in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) were analyzed in a case control study. Three serologic assays to detect antibodies against KSHV (nuclear and membrane antigen immunofluorescence assay, N-IFA, M-IFA and ORF 65.2 ELISA) were used to determine the predictive value of KSHV-seropositivity. Serial samples from the cases were also analyzed to determine longitudinal patterns of seroreactivity and identify cases of seroconversion. Assay sensitivity for detection of KSHV antibodies was highest for M-IFA (83%), followed by N-IFA (74%) and 65.2 ELISA (52%). At the time of initial serum sampling (median 4.7 years before KS), only the N-IFA distinguished case and control sera (61% vs. 32%) and no assay was clearly predictive of subsequent onset of clinical KS. Moreover, an unexpectedly high rate of reversions to seronegativity were observed by N-IFA (27/33) as well as by 65.2 ELISA (11/26) in the longitudinal analysis. Analysis of the ORF65.2 ELISA index indicated that these reversions before the clinical onset of KS were associated with antibody levels that frequently hovered around the level of detectability. A marked increase in ORF 65.2 antibody titer occurred in a third of the patients at the time of KS diagnosis. Only two seroconversions were documented. KSHV infection within the SHCS is likely to have preceded HIV infection. KSHV infection alone is not highly predictive of KS development in this cohort of HIV-infected homosexual men as compared with matched controls. Three KSHV serologic assays, though sensitive at the time of clinical KS are inconsistently positive before the development of AIDS-related KS.
[Keratoconus and familial topographic corneal anomalies]. (1994)

Pedigree analysis in these families suggests, in 50% of them, an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. However, it is impossible to conclude for the other families, because of an insufficient number of cases.
GPU-based Multi-Volume Rendering for the Visualization of Functional Brain Images. (2006)

Nowadays, medical imaging procedures provide a great variety of data obtained with different modalities. To offer a deeper insight into this data the simultaneous visualization of these images, not regarding their source, must be provided. One example is the field of functional brain imaging, where the activation of brain regions during cognitive tasks is measured. This data has to be visualized whitin its anatomical context- the brain- in order to have an spatial impression of the position of the activation. To that end, multi-volume visualization must be supported. In this paper we describe a flexible framework for GPU-based multi-volume rendering, which provides a correct overlaying of an arbitrary number of volumes and allows the visual output for each volume to be controlled independently. We also present, a visualization tool specific for the rendering of functional brain images, we built on top of this framework. This tool includes different GPU-based volume rendering techniques, on the one hand for the interactive visual exploration of the data, and on the other hand for the generation of high-quality visual representations. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our tool with data gathered from a cognitive study, in regard to performance and quality results.
Chemostatic Concentrated Cultures of Heteroploid Mammalian Cell Suspensions in Dialyzing Fermentors (1965)

Concentrated chemostatic cultures of HeLa S3-1, KB, and HEp # 2 cells have been grown in a dialysis fermentor. Stationary cell concentrations of approximately 1.2 x 10(6) cells per ml have been produced at rates of 15 x 10(-3) to 20 x 10(-3) cells per hour for as long as 40 days. The dialysis fermentor appears to be useful in controlling the effects of nutrients on the growth rate of the cultures. Theoretical considerations are offered.
Slug-Test Analysis in Double-Porosity Reservoirs (1988)

Summary The pressure response of a double-porosity reservoir to a slug test in a fully penetrating well with wellbore storage and skin is presented. Pseudosteady-state matrix flow and transient matrix flow with and without matrix skin are considered. Three kinds of type curves are discussed: early-time log-log, intermediate-time semilog, and late-time log-log. Pressure distribution around the active well and the prospects of interference slug testing are considered. The early-time response of the slug test depends on the presence of wellbore skin; hence, two kinds of early-time type curves are presented. When the active well has wellbore skin, the early-time correlating parameter is the product of the skin and the dimensionless storage, resulting in a new log-log type curve. When wellbore skin is not present, the early-time response is proportional to the square root of time with dimensionless storage as the correlating parameter. The intermediate-time semilog type curves are applicable when wellbore skin is not present, or CDe2S&gt;104. The double-porosity effects are significant in the late-time log-log format, but the flat portion of the pressure response occurs at dimensionless pressures less than 0.01. The radius of investigation of the slug test in a double-porosity system is also examined with and without wellbore skin at the active well. Interference responses and pressure profiles are presented. Although the presence of wellbore skin reduces the magnitude of the dimensionless pressure responses at observation wells, the detectable radius of investigation does not significantly depend on wellbore skin. Interference slug testing in a double-porosity system requires high-precision pressure-recording tools in the observation wells because the double-porosity effects occur at small dimensionless pressures. Transient matrix flow without matrix skin reduces the double-porosity effects and limits the use of type curves for determining λ and ω. The slug-test double-porosity effects in a reservoir with transient matrix flow with fracture skin and pseudosteady-state matrix flow are similar.
Nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of C-ABL tyrosine kinase (1998)

The ubiquitously expressed nonreceptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl contains three nuclear localization signals, however, it is found in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of proliferating fibroblasts. A rapid and transient loss of c-Abl from the nucleus is observed upon the initial adhesion of fibroblasts onto a fibronectin matrix, suggesting the possibility of nuclear export [Lewis, J., Baskaran, R. , Taagepera, S., Schwartz, M. & Wang, J. (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 15174-15179]. Here we show that the C terminus of c-Abl does indeed contain a functional nuclear export signal (NES) with the characteristic leucine-rich motif. The c-Abl NES can functionally complement an NES-defective HIV Rev protein (RevDelta3NI) and can mediate the nuclear export of glutathione-S-transferase. The c-Abl NES function is sensitive to the nuclear export inhibitor leptomycin B. Mutation of a single leucine (L1064A) in the c-Abl NES abrogates export function. The NES-mutated c-Abl, termed c-Abl NES(-), is localized exclusively to the nucleus. Treatment of cells with leptomycin B also leads to the nuclear accumulation of wild-type c-Abl protein. The c-Abl NES(-) is not lost from the nucleus when detached fibroblasts are replated onto fibronectin matrix. Taken together, these results demonstrate that c-Abl shuttles continuously between the nucleus and the cytoplasm and that the rate of nuclear import and export can be modulated by the adherence status of fibroblastic cells.
Prospects for the Future (1999)

As a result of UNSCOM’s sustained work, there is today relatively little that is unknown about Iraq’s retained proscribed weapons capabilities although there remain significant qualitative and quantitative mismatches. This is a major achievement for UNSCOM and its lessons need to be applied to other regimes for countering the proliferation of chemical and biological weapons. The fact that UNSCOM has achieved so much in the face of sustained and deliberate attempts by Iraq to conceal information and despite Iraq’s refusal throughout to cooperate with UNSCOM augurs well for arms control regimes between cooperating states such as that in the CWC and being negotiated for the BTWC.
A molecular dynamic study of water/methane/propane (2009)

We present a molecular dynamic simulation for water/methane/propane. The simulation is performed in a constant NPT ensemble at a temperature of 240 K and a pressure of 300 bar. The simulation is analysed to calculate the propensity for hydrogen bond formation, potential energy, number density profile and radial distribution function. Compared with the binary system (water/methane), relatively slight changes in hydrogen bond number and potential energy for the ternary system (water/methane/propane) indicate that the presence of propane retards the rate of hydrate growth. It is interesting to observe that propane, which is also of hydrophobic nature as methane, does not promote the formation of hydrate, but is rather driven out of the middle aqueous region. No hydrate formation was observed even after all of the propane had been driven out of the water film. We suggest that the size of water clusters and hydrogen bond network is likely to be disrupted by propane molecules, hindering the growth of the nuclei to the critical size required for sustained growth. The presence of the propane might also affect the net flux of methane into the aqueous phase, which is critical for hydrate formation.
Study of an EGR System for Downsizing Turbocharged Gasoline Engine to Improve Fuel Economy (2014)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents a study of a cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system applied to a turbocharged gasoline engine for improving fuel economy. The use of a higher compression ratio and further engine downsizing have been examined in recent years as ways of improving the fuel efficiency of turbocharged gasoline engines. It is particularly important to improve fuel economy under high load conditions, especially in the turbocharged region. The key points for improving fuel economy in this region are to suppress knocking, reduce the exhaust temperature and increase the specific heat ratio.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">There are several varieties of cooled EGR systems such as low-pressure loop EGR (LP-EGR), high-pressure loop EGR (HP-EGR) and other systems. The LP-EGR system was chosen for the following reasons. It is possible to supply sufficient EGR under a comparatively highly turbocharged condition at low engine speed. It is important for knocking suppression to remove nitrogen oxides (NOx) from the EGR gas, which means using EGR gas from the catalyst downstream.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">On the other hand, the lower differential pressure and longer EGR route that characterize the LP-EGR system make it necessary to apply more sophisticated EGR rate control. EGR flow is generated by the differential pressure at the EGR valve, which varies according to the air flow rate, so the EGR rate can be maintained with a constant EGR valve opening. Although this principle is usable only in a steady-state condition, we have developed a new compensation control that can maintain the EGR rate even under transient conditions by estimating the pressure delay at the point in the exhaust pipe where the EGR gas is extracted.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Test results showed that fuel economy was improved by as much as 5% with LP-EGR under a turbocharged condition, and the exhaust temperature was also reduced.</div></div>
Ca(Eu<SUB>1-x</SUB>La<SUB>x</SUB>)<SUB>4</SUB>Si<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>13</SUB> Red Phosphor and its Application to Tri-Chromatic White LEDs (2004)

To facilitate the application of tri-chromatic white LEDs, we developed a Ca(Eu1-xLax)4Si3O13 red phosphor that emits red light at a peak wavelength of 613 nm when it is excited by near-ultraviolet rays at a peak wavelength of 395 nm. The activator concentration dependence of the light conversion efficiency showed that the optimum composition of the red phosphor was at x=0.5 and that the conversion efficiency was 0.14. When a near-ultraviolet LED with an assumed external quantum efficiency of 0.40 was combined with Ca(Eu0.5La0.5)4Si3O13 red phosphor and existing green and blue phosphors, the calculated luminous efficacy and general color rendering index of the resultant white LED were 21.6 lm/W and 83.9, respectively.