gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estrone Sulfatase:  Probing Structural Requirements for Substrate and Inhibitor Recognition (1997)

The enzyme-catalyzed desulfation of steroids is a transformation that plays an important role in steroid biosynthesis. Conversion of steroid sulfates to unconjugated steroids may provide a source of steroids for processes such as steroid transport and the growth and proliferation of breast cancer. Steroid sulfatase catalyzes the hydrolysis of 3beta-hydroxysteroid sulfates. To identify structural features important in enzyme-inhibitor interaction, a variety of steroidal and non-steroidal phosphate esters were synthesized and tested as inhibitors of steroid sulfatase activity. We report that the basic structure for enzyme-inhibitor binding does not include the steroid nucleus. Furthermore, the hydrophobicity of the non-steroidal phosphates was determined to be an important factor for optimal inhibition. The monoanionic form of the phosphorylated compounds was found to be the inhibitory species. The best non-steroidal inhibitor of steroid sulfatase activity was n-lauroyl tryamine phosphate with a Ki of 3.6 microM and 520 nM at pH 7.5 and 7.0. The poorest non-steroidal based inhibitor of sulfatase activity was tetrahydronaphthyl phosphate with a Ki of 870 and 360 microM at pH 7.5 and 7.0.
Efficient Collision Detection for Brittle Fracture (2012)

In complex scenes with many objects, collision detection plays a key role in the simulation performance. This is particularly true for fracture simulation, where multiple new objects are dynamically created. In this paper, we present novel algorithms and data structures for collision detection in real-time brittle fracture simulations. We build on a combination of well-known efficient data structures, namely distance fields and sphere trees, making our algorithm easy to integrate on existing simulation engines. We propose novel methods to construct these data structures, such that they can be efficiently updated upon fracture events and integrated in a simple yet effective self-adapting contact selection algorithm. Altogether, we drastically reduce the cost of both collision detection and collision response. We have evaluated our global solution for collision detection on challenging scenarios, achieving high frame rates suited for hard real-time applications such as video games or haptics. Our solution opens promising perspectives for complex brittle fracture simulations involving many dynamically created objects.
Reversible Chemical Patterning on Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Film:  Environment-Responsive Lithography (2003)

We report on a novel type of chemical patterning based on thin stimuli-responsive polymer films. The basic concept is the permanent storage (writing) of a pattern, which is reversibly developed and erased upon exposure to appropriate environment, e.g., solvent, pH, and temperature. The smart surface is fabricated from the mixed brush of poly(2-vinylpyridine) and polyisoprene. The mixed brush demonstrates switching behavior upon exposure to different solvents. Cross-linking of polyisoprene via illumination through a photomask results in formation of patterns with suppressed switching. Due to the contrast in switching between illuminated and dark areas, exposure of the smart surface to different solvents causes either reversible formation or erasing of chemical contrast between the illuminated and dark areas. Thus, the pattern surface can very locally attract colloidal particles or can be wetted by water only upon exposure to the special solvent which introduces the contrast between the illuminated and dark areas. Appearance of the patterns indicates particular environment and can be used for local switching of adsorption.
On the Use of Mobile Phones and Biometrics for Accessing Restricted Web Services (2011)

In this study, an application that allows a mobile phone to be used as a biometric-capture device is shown. The main contribution of our proposal is that this capture, and later recognition, can be performed during a standard web session, using the same architecture that is used in a personal computer (PC), thus allowing a multiplatform (PC, personal digital assistant (PDA), mobile phone, etc.) biometric web access. The review, which is from both an academic and commercial point of view, of the biometry and mobile device state of the art shows that in other related works, the biometric capture and recognition is either performed locally in the mobile or remotely but using special communication protocols and/or connection ports with the server. The second main contribution of this study is an in-depth analysis of the present mobile web-browser limitations; thus, it is concluded that, in general, it is impossible to use the same technologies that can be used to capture biometrics in PC platforms (i.e., Applet Java, ActiveX Control, JavaScript, or Flash); therefore, new solutions, as shown here, are needed.
Simulation of Third Generation CDMA Systems (1999)

The goal for the next generation of mobile communications system is to seamlessly integrate a wide variety of communication services such as high speed data, video and multimedia traffic as well as voice signals. The technology needed to tackle the challenges to make these services available is popularly known as the Third Generation (3G) Cellular Systems. One of the most promising approaches to 3G is to combine a Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) air interface with the fixed network of Global System for Mobile communications (GSM). In this thesis a signal simulator was implemented according to the physical layer specification of the IMT-2000 WCDMA system. The data is transmitted in a frame by frame basis through a time varying channel. The transmitted signal is corrupted by multiple access interference which is generated in a structured way rather than treating it as Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN). The signal is further corrupted by AWGN at the front end of the receiver. Simple rake diversity combining is employed at the receiver. We investigate the bit error rate at both uplink and downlink for different channel conditions. Performance improvement due to error correction coding scheme is shown. The simulator developed can be an invaluable tool for investigating the design and implementation of WCDMA systems.
Reducing Execution Waste in Priority Scheduling: a Hybrid Approach (2016)

Guaranteeing quality for differentiated services while ensuring resource efficiency is an important and yet challenging problem in large computing clusters. Priority scheduling is commonly adopted in production systems to minimize the response time of high-priority workload by means of preempting the execution of low-priority workload when faced with limited resources. As a result, the system performance may not only suffer from the long queueing time of low-priority workload due to resource starvation, but also non-negligible execution waste owing to repetitive evictions. In this paper, we propose a scheduler, HYBRID, which allows the scheduler to switch between being preemptive and non-preemptive by providing a fixed number of computing resources – sticky slots providing uninterruptible task executions. In addition, to preserve performance advantages of highpriority workload by conventional preemptive priority scheduling, HYBRID also aims to reduce repetitive evictions, response times, and wasted executions caused by the low-priority workload. Trace driven simulation analysis shows that our proposed HYBRID scheduler outperforms conventional preemptive priority scheduling by improving response time of low-priority workload by 15% and reducing wasted executions by 85%.
Rapid isolation and characterization of 118 novel C2H2-type zinc finger cDNAs expressed in human brain (1995)

C2H2-type zinc finger genes comprise one of the largest gene families in the human genome. These proteins are involved in genetic regulation and development and are quite conserved throughout evolution. The finger domains commonly contain the small linker peptide TGEKP between some finger units. Here, we report the isolation of 133 human zinc finger cDNAs, of which 118 are novel. These clones were isolated from human brain cDNA libraries using oligonucleotide hybridization followed by expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis, sequencing from the conserved linker region using degenerate oligonucleotide primers. This directed partial sequencing approach to cDNA isolation and characterization, signature sequencing, combines the speed of EST automatic sequencing with the focus of specific cDNA family analysis. Signature sequencing minimizes the generation of less informative random EST sequences and provides a unique relative position for sequence comparison. We also show that there is an even distribution of these RNAs from this brain cDNA library, and that these cDNAs contain N-terminal domains found in other zinc finger genes. This rapid focused sequencing approach should be applicable to any family of cDNAs containing short conserved signature peptide sequences.
Purification and partial characterization of the major allergen, Cav p 1, from guinea pig <i>Cavia porcellus</i> (2002)

Although the physicochemical characteristics of isolated Cav p 1 are very similar to those for other rodent allergens and furthermore partial sequence identity with Mus m 1 was found, it is clearly shown here to be an immunologically independent major allergen.
Remote Patient Monitoring via Non-Invasive Digital Technologies: A Systematic Review (2016)

This review will help decision makers develop a better understanding of the current landscape of peer-reviewed literature, demonstrating the utility of noninvasive RPM in various patient populations. Future research is needed to determine the effectiveness of RPM via noninvasive digital technologies in delivering patient healthcare benefits and the feasibility of large-scale implementation.
Validation of Neutrophil CD64 Blood Biomarkers to Detect Mucosal Inflammation in Pediatric Crohn’s Disease (2017)

In a large Crohn's disease cohort, we found that neutrophil CD64 index and soluble CD64 were significantly elevated during active gastrointestinal inflammation.
Design and testing of a nondestructive friction bolt tester. (2004)

The Spokane Research Laboratory of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and Thiessen Team USA, Spokane, WA, have developed a pull claw that can be attached to any accessible friction bolt ring to test bolt performance.
Combining information extraction and human computing for crowdsourced knowledge acquisition (2014)

Automatic information extraction (IE) enables the construction of very large knowledge bases (KBs), with relational facts on millions of entities from text corpora and Web sources. However, such KBs contain errors and they are far from being complete. This motivates the need for exploiting human intelligence and knowledge using crowd-based human computing (HC) for assessing the validity of facts and for gathering additional knowledge. This paper presents a novel system architecture, called Higgins, which shows how to effectively integrate an IE engine and a HC engine. Higgins generates game questions where players choose or fill in missing relations for subject-relation-object triples. For generating multiple-choice answer candidates, we have constructed a large dictionary of entity names and relational phrases, and have developed specifically designed statistical language models for phrase relatedness. To this end, we combine semantic resources like WordNet, ConceptNet, and others with statistics derived from a large Web corpus. We demonstrate the effectiveness of Higgins for knowledge acquisition by crowdsourced gathering of relationships between characters in narrative descriptions of movies and books.
Front Cover: Removal of Organic Pollutants from Water Using Superwetting Materials (Chem. Rec. 2/2018) (2018)

The cover picture shows removal of insoluble (floating, underwater and emulsified) and soluble organic pollutants from water using bioinspired superwetting materials. The superwetting materials are in the forms of 2D porous materials, 3D porous materials and particles, etc. See the Personal Account by J. Zhang et al. (DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201700029).
Continuous liquid–liquid extraction with on-line monitoring for the determination of anionic surfactants in waters (1994)

A continuous liquid–liquid extraction method for controlled preconcentration of anionic surfactants and their determination in water samples is proposed. The methodology is characterized by its automated performance and simultaneous extraction, reaction and photometric detection, simplifying previous approaches. An organic plug (volume ∼200 µl) containing the reagent is placed and retained at the detection point while a large volume of sample (aqueous phase) is passed through it. The gradual enrichment of the organic phase with the analyte is continuously monitored. The ion pair reaction between the anionic surfactants and Methylene Blue in chloroform was used. A determination limit of 20 ng ml–1, a relative standard deviation of 6.7% and a sample throughput of 20 h–1 were achieved. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of surfactants both in synthetic and real water samples.
An Overview on Pixel-Level Image Fusion in Remote Sensing (2007)

Pixel-level image fusion is an important part of image fusion algorithms which can combine spectral information of coarse resolution imagery with finer spatial resolution imagery. The objective of this paper is to present an overview of pixel-level image fusion algorithms used for effective information interpretation of remotely sensed imagery of various spatial and spectral characteristics. According to their different characteristics, these algorithms are categorized into four types, i.e., color space model algorithms, statistical/numerical algorithms, multiresolution decomposition algorithms and radiometric/spectral algorithms. They are investigated respectively and comparative analysis on the performance of these algorithms is conducted on a set of multispectral(MS) images and a Systeme Pour l'Observation de la Terre (SPOT) Panchromatic(PAN) image of the same scene. The effectiveness of these algorithms is evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively. Experimental results indicate that multiresolution decomposition based algorithms especially the discrete wavelet transform shows a comparative better performance on the test data than the other three types of fusion algorithms. However the suitable selection of a proper pixel-level fusion algorithm depends on the merits of each method, relevant applied situations and the characteristics of the source data.
Chicken riboflavin-binding protein. cDNA sequence and homology with milk folate-binding protein. (1988)

The Rd gene is expressed in the livers and oviducts of laying hens and codes for the riboflavin-binding protein (RfBP) of egg yolk and egg white. A lambda gt11 cDNA library derived from chicken oviduct poly(A)+ RNA was screened with polyclonal rabbit antiserum to chicken RfBP. Positive clones were isolated and rescreened with a mixed oligonucleotide probe corresponding to residues 20-25 of the mature protein. The largest cDNA clone (969 base pairs) was subcloned into plasmid pIBI21, and the nucleotide sequence was determined by the dideoxynucleotide method. This clone contained the entire coding region for RfBP. The published amino acid sequence of the mature protein was confirmed. In addition, the following 17-residue signal peptide was deduced: Met-Leu-Arg-Phe-Ala-Ile-Thr-Leu-Phe-Ala-Val-Ile-Thr-Ser-Ser-Thr-Cys. Unexpectedly, the nucleotide sequence codes for 2 adjacent arginine residues at the carboxyl terminus that are not observed in the mature protein. The amino acid sequence of RfBP is homologous with bovine milk folate-binding protein. Eight of the nine pairs of cysteines involved in disulfide bonds in RfBP are conserved in folate-binding protein, as are all of the tryptophan residues. Sequence identity between homologous regions of these two vitamin-binding proteins is more than 30%.
[Experimental study on intramaxillary injection of fosfomycin. Effects of fosfomycin on experimental acute sinusitis in rabbits]. (1992)

We studied effects of intramaxillary injection of fosfomycin (FOM) on experimental sinusitis in rabbits. The experimental sinusitis was induced by intramaxillary injection of Staphylococcus aureus to rabbits for 3 successive days. 1. 0.5, 1, 3 or 5% FOM with saline as a control was instilled into the maxillary sinus and the maxillary sinus mucosa were examined macroscopically and light and electron microscopically. 3% and 5% FOM suppressed the damage of mucosa macroscopically and scanning electron microscopically. 2. After administration of 3% FOM and saline twice a week, the maxillary sinus mucosa was examined macroscopically and light and electron microscopically. The maxillary sinus injected with 3% FOM showed almost normal mucosa after 2 weeks while that injected with saline showed severe mucosal damage. S. aureus were decreased by 3% FOM injection and not found in the maxillary sinus in a week. The results indicate that intramaxillary injection of FOM is very effective in the treatment of sinusitis.
Special Purpose Hardware for Design Rule Checking (1981)

Special purpose hardware can significantly increase the speed of integrated circuit design rule checking. The architecture described in this paper uses four custom chips to implement a raster scan DRC algorithm. It allows the use of 45° angles and can be programmed to check a wide variety of design rules involving an arbitrary number of layers. A shrink/expand operation allows the use of rasterization grids that are small relative to the minimum feature size. Using the Mead/Conway NMOS design rules and assuming a grid size of 1/2λ or 1/4 the minimum transistor width, this hardware can completely check a 3000λx3000λ layout in under a minute, if the input data can be provided quickly enough.
A class of codes for a T active users out of N multiple-access communication system (1990)

A code construction for a T active users out of N multiple-access system (TANMAS) is discussed. The multiple-access channel (MAC) that is used in the TANMAS is a discrete-time noiseless real adder channel used without feedback with N real or binary inputs. Each input may be affected by an unknown, slowly varying channel gain and by an unknown, slowly varying channel offset. A set of N codes is constructed such that the sum of codewords of any known set of T or less active users is uniquely decodable. The sum rate of the codes approaches one from above if the input alphabet of the MAC is binary, and it approaches one from below if the input symbols are real numbers. For the case when the set of active users is unknown. For the case when the set of active users is unknown, it is shown that this set can be identified uniquely (in addition to unique decodability) provided that at most T/2 users are active simultaneously. The sum rate is then reduced to 1/2, which is approached from above and from below, respectively, for binary and for real channel inputs. A simple decoding algorithm which operates over the reals is given for the case when the set of active users is known. It is pointed out that one of the applications of the given codes is in hybrid multiple-access systems that use both multiple-access coding and collision resolution.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Effect of Temperature on the Metabolism of Baker's Yeast growing on Continuous Culture (1970)

SUMMARY: Glucose-limited cultures of baker's yeast growing at 25° had a maximum growth rate, saturation constant and yield constant of 0.22 hr−1, 129 μg./ml. and 0.225, respectively, whereas when growing at 38° the corresponding values were 0.25 hr−1, 300 μg./ml. and 0.204. In continuous culture, with the dilution rate fixed at 0.1 hr−1 there were no differences observed in viability, incidence of respiratory deficient mutants, cytochrome spectra or mean cell dry weights, between cultures grown at 25 and 38°. The culture grown at 25° had a smaller mean cell volume, greater yield value and nitrogen utilization. Ethanol, pyruvate and α-ketoglutarate were secreted to a greater degree in cultures grown at 38°. Yeast grown at 25° had a smaller capacity to produce carbon dioxide but greater ability to take up oxygen. Enzymes associated with glycolysis, alcohol production, tricarboxylic acid cycle and respiratory chain in organisms cultured continuously at 25 and 38° showed few important differences. The most obvious ones were those involving α-ketoglutarate as a substrate, especially α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. There were only small differences in adenosine phosphates and nicotinamide nucleotides. At 25° the ratio NAD/NADH was 1.5 but for organisms grown at 38° the ratio was 1.1.
Life but Not Liberty? An Assessment of Noncapital Indigent Defendants' Rights to Expert Assistance Under the Ake v. Oklahoma Doctrine (2001)

stating statistics of various error rates in capital cases and the causes of those errors).However, note that wrongful conviction rates are extremely difficult to quantify.According to Professor Welsch S. White:Empirical research relating to miscarriages of justice cannot, however, provide a confident estimate of the magnitude of erroneous convictions for at least two reasons.First, many wrongful convictions may remain undetected because, in the absence of special circumstances, no extensive investigation into a conviction's factual accuracy is likely to occur.Second, as Leo and Ofshe's statement relating to the "ground truth" suggests, when such an investigation does occur, it will not invariably result in a shared view as to whether the conviction was accurate.Welsch S. White, What Is an Involuntary Confession Now?, 50 R UTGERS L. R EV. 2001, 2033-34 (1998).White explains that the first reason is primarily attributed to the fact that defendants who claim wrongful convictions generally do not have the resources to adequately research and present their claims.Id. at 2033 n.
Prosody and speech recognition (1988)

Abstract. The speech-to-speech translation system Verbmobil requires a multilingual setting. This consists of recognition engines in the three languages German, English and Japanese that run in one common framework together with a language identification component which is able to switch between these recognizers. This article describes the challenges of multilingual speech recognition and presents different solutions to the problem of the automatic language identification task. The combination of the described components results in a flexible and user-friendly multilingual spoken dialog system. 1
Permeability of Cellulose Polymers: Water Vapour Transmission Rates (1990)

The water vapour transmission rates (WVTR) through solvent cast polymer films prepared from cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate propionate, and cellulose acetate butyrate have been determined. They were influenced by the relative humidity, the substituent type and the extent of substitution. Increasing the relative humidity from 32 to 90% increased the WVTR 3 to 5 times depending on the polymer used. The WVTR increased in the order of butyrate less than propionate less than acetate. An increase in the extent of substitution with acetyl and/or butyryl groups resulted in an exponential decline in the WVTR.
Effect of Corticosteroid Therapy on Serum and CSF Malondialdehyde and Antioxidant Proteins in Multiple Sclerosis (2001)

These data revealed that lipid peroxidation was increased in serum and particulary in CSF of MS patients and was reduced with corticosteroid therapy.