gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sluice: Secure Dissemination of Code Updates in Sensor Networks (2006)

Existing network reprogramming protocols target the efficient, reliable, multi-hop dissemination of application updates in sensor networks, but assume correct or fail-stop behavior from participating sensors. Compromised nodes can subvert such protocols to result in the propagation and remote installation of malicious code. Sluice aims for the progressive, resource-sensitive verification of updates in sensor networks to ensure that malicious updates are not disseminated or installed, while trusted updates continue to be efficiently disseminated. Our verification mechanism provides authenticity and integrity through a hash-chain construction that amortizes the cost of a single digital signature over an entire update. We integrate Sluice with an existing network reprogramming protocol and empirically evaluate its effectiveness both in a real sensor testbed and through simulation.
Directions of Drug Discovery in Osteoporosis (2002)

Osteoporosis is a condition of increasing importance and prevalence in all parts of the world and particularly in Asia. Recent advances have led to the introduction of effective drugs that decrease bone resorption and stabilize bone mass. However, these drugs have been identified by serendipity rather than rational drug design and are not ideal because of limited bioavailability, mode of administration, or other unwanted effects. There is still a place for even more suitable and effective resorption inhibitors than those currently available. The more compelling need in this field is an acceptable drug that is anabolic for bone, that safely and acceptably increases bone mass and improves the disturbances in bone microarchitecture that characterize established and advanced osteoporosis. Possible approaches to identifying more effective resorption inhibitors and new anabolic agents are discussed.
Integration host factor amplifies the induction of the aceBAK operon of Escherichia coli by relieving IclR repression (1996)

A binding site for integration host factor (IHF) was identified upstream of the aceBAK promoter. Under inducing conditions, IHF activates aceB::lacZ expression by opposing IclR repression. In contrast, IHF has little effect on aceB::lacZ expression under repressing conditions. The ability of IHF to relieve repression under inducing but not repressing conditions allows this protein to amplify the induction of aceBAK.
A Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry Method for Methane Diffusivity and Permeability Evaluation in Coals: A Comparative Analysis (2018)

Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) has been utilized for decades to obtain the pore size, pore volume and pore structure of variable porous media including inorganic rocks and organic rock (e.g., shales and coals). Diffusivity and permeability are the two crucial parameters that control gas transport in coals. The main purpose of this work is to derive the CH4 effective gas diffusivity and permeability in different rank coals with vitrinite reflectance of 0.46–2.79% Ro,m by MIP. Furthermore, regular CH4 diffusivity and permeability measurements are conducted to compare with the results of the derived CH4 diffusivity and permeability with MIP data. In this work, CH4 diffusivity and permeability of different rank coals are acquired with established equations, which are basically in accordance with the experimental values. However, the coal rank (maximum vitrinitere flectance, Ro,m) exhibits no significant relation to the effective diffusion coefficient (De) and gas diffusivity (D′). The cementation factor (m values) varies from 2.03 to 2.46, which tends to exhibit a semi-consolidated structure for coals compared with other rocks (e.g., dolomite, limestone, sandstone and red brick). The results show that the cementation factor could be an important factor for gas flow in coals. The correlation of CH4 diffusivity to porosity and permeability of 12 coal samples were explored, and it appears that CH4 diffusivity exhibits an increasing trend with an increase of permeability, and two different exponential relationships respectively exist in diffusivity versus porosity and permeability versus porosity. Therefore, this study could be conducive to gas sequestration or gas production during enhanced coalbed methane (CBM) recovery.
Optics of Reflective Videodisc Players (1976)

The commercial motivation for storage of 30 minutes of high-quality video on 30-cm-diameter discs has pressed the technology of surface scanning beyond the practical limits of stylus use. Replacement of the stylus by a focused spot of light gives increased resolution, freedom from wear, and the possibility of excellent protection against handling and environmental effects. It also requires the use of servomechanisms to register the light spot with the track both transversely (radial tracking) and longitudinally (focusing), and these in turn require optical error detectors.
Simultaneous Actuation and Force Estimation Using Piezoelectric Actuators (2007)

This paper introduces a force estimation method that enables simultaneous actuation and force estimation using piezoelectric actuators. The method combines an actuator input voltage and a current together with a displacement measurement to a force estimator. The force estimator contains a nonlinear actuator model to approximate the present external force without the use of force sensors. The measured displacement can simultaneously be utilized in feedback control to enable precise microrobotic operations. The results show that the method enables estimation of both static and varying forces under simultaneous position feedback control. Experimented displacement trajectories contain both stationary and mobile phases. The achieved accuracy in force estimation according to experiments is better than 10% of the full force scale. Therefore force sensing without the use of separate force sensors is feasible, which opens new applications for force sensing in microrobotics.
Determination and Kinetics of Producing Glucosamine Using Fungi (2007)

This work used three fungi, Rhizopus oligosorus BCRC 31996, Monascus pilosus BCRC31527, and Aspergillus sp. BCRC31742, to produce glucosamine by using submerged fermentation and flask cultures. The reaction of glucosamine with 1-naphthyl isothiocyanate as derivatizing agent was carried out in pyridine at 50 degrees C for 1 h. The derivative was accurately analyzed and quantified by using high performance liquid chromatography. The relative standard deviation of glucosamine determined between experimental and real values were less than 2%. The kinetic and strategy of producing glucosamine in a flask culture was investigated to achieve an optimum yield of glucosamine under different conditions including three kinds of fungi, medium, and pH values. The descending ability of producing glucosamine for the three fungi was Aspergillus sp. BCRC31742 > Monascus pilosus BCRC31527 > Rhizopus oligosorus BCRC 31996 under the conditions studied. The experimental result shows that the glucosamine concentration had an optimum value and was 3430 mg/L by using Aspergillus sp. BCRC31742 culture in glucose and peptone (GP) medium, the yield of which was the best amount using wild-type microorganisms in the past. The generation culture of fungi and the pH control played important roles in enhancing the yield of glucosamine. The specific growth rate of the microorganism and the biomass, content, yield, and productivity of glucosamine were calculated as well.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of Transitions in Polymers (1951)

Nuclear magnetic resonance absorption line widths have been studied for several high polymers. The proton line widths were studied in a field of 7000 gauss and at a frequency of about 30 mc. Line widths obtained for Hevea and GR-S were very narrow, indicating a large degree of ``quasi-free rotation'' in these materials. Vulcanization, carbon loading, co-polymerization, and crystallization produced a broadening of the lines as expected from the hindrance to internal motion introduced by these factors. Line width transitions as a function of temperature were observed for several polymers. Linear thermal expansion coefficients and specific heat vs temperature curves have breaks in the region of line transitions for the polymers studied. Swelling of polymers with benzene produced a narrowing of the absorption line throughout the line transition and lowered the transition temperature. Vulcanization broadened the transition range and shifted it to higher temperatures. Of two closely cut fractions of polystyrene, the larger molecular weight sample exhibited a line transition range at a higher temperature. The styrene monomer as well as the two fractions exhibited the same low temperature line width of about 8 gauss. The line width transitions were also studied for three butadiene styrene co-polymers at temperatures where anomalous behavior was found in dynamic measurements. The theoretical implications of these experimental results, together with a survey of other pertinent work, indicate the possibilities of the nuclear resonance method as applied to the study of high polymers in conjunction with other methods.
A Simple Method for Measuring Phosphatidylcholine as Its Hydrophobic Complex with Tetrathiocyanatocobaltate (1979)

A sensitive colorimetric method for quantitative determination of phosphatidylcholine is described. The procedure is very simple, not involving lipid extraction or acid digestion, and can be used for direct estimation of phosphatidylcholine in blood plasma. The method depends on the formation of a stable hydrophobic complex of phosphatidylcholine with tetrathiocyanatocobaltate. Similar complexes are formed by other species of diacylglycerophosphoryl esters, but the absorbance coefficients of these complexes are only 10 to 20% of that of the phosphatidylcholine complex. Phospholipids without unsaturated fatty acids, such as dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, do not form hydrophobic complexes. Lysophosphatidylcholine and sphingolipids also do not form similar complexes.
Modulation of gene expression through chromosomal positioning in Escherichia coli (1997)

Variations in expression of the nah genes of the NAH7 (naphthalene biodegradation) plasmid of Pseudomonas putida when placed in different chromosomal locations in Escherichia coli have been studied by employing a collection of hybrid mini-T5 transposons bearing lacZ fusions to the Psal promoter, along with the cognate regulatory gene nahR. Insertions of Psal-lacZ reporters in the proximity of the chromosomal origin of replication, oriC, increased accumulation of beta-galactosidase in vivo. Position-dependent changes in expression of the reporter product could not be associated with local variations of the supercoiling in the DNA region, as revealed by probing the chromosome with mobile gyrB-lacZ elements. Such variations in beta-galactosidase activity (and, therefore, the expression of catabolic genes) seemed, instead, to be linked to the increase in gene dosage associated with regions close to oriC, and not to local variations in chromosome structure. The tolerance of strains to the selection markers borne by the transposons also varied in parallel with the changes in LacZ levels. The role of chromosomal positioning as a mechanism for the outcome of adaptation phenotypes is discussed.
Evidence for a Role of the Epithelial Glycoprotein 40 (Ep-CAM) in Epithelial Cell-Cell Adhesion (1994)

Recently we have demonstrated that a 40kD human epithelium-specific glycoprotein exhibit the features of a homophilic cell-cell adhesion molecule, when expressed in transfected murine cells. We suggested the name Ep-CAM for this molecule (Litvinov et al., J. Cell Biol., 125: 437-446). Here we investigate the possible biological function of Ep-CAM in its natural environment--cells of epithelial origin. Immunolocalization of Ep-CAM in tissues and in cultures of epithelial/carcinoma cells showed that the majority of the Ep-CAM molecules are localized at cell-cell boundaries, predominantly along the whole lateral domain of polarized cells. In vitro, on single cells in suspension, the Ep-CAM molecules are present on the entire cell surface, and when the single cells grow attached, Ep-CAM is present at their pseudo-apical domain. During formation of intercellular contacts by such single cells, the majority of the Ep-CAM molecules are redistributed from the pseudoapical to the lateral domain of the cell membrane. Attachment of cells to the substrate does not cause redistribution of the molecules to the site of substrate attachment irrespective of the adhesive substrate (fibronectin, collagens, laminin, EHS-matrigel were tested). The monoclonal antibody 323/A3, reactive with the extracellular domain of the Ep-CAM molecule, has a strong negative effect on the aggregating behavior of COV362 ovarian carcinoma cells and RC-6 immortalized mammary epithelial cells. The mAb affected cell aggregation in both cell lines in the presence of Ca++, but with RC-6 cells the effect was more pronounced in low-calcium medium. The effects of the 323/A3 mAb on the already established intercellular contacts was not significant. The data presented demonstrate that the Ep-CAM molecules are functionally active in the epithelial and carcinoma cells tested, are capable of mediating Ca(++)-independent intercellular adhesions, and are not likely to be involved in cell-substrate adhesion.
Investigation of guardring-free planar AlInAs avalanche photodiodes (2006)

We analyze the operation principle and the characteristics of a guardring-free planar AlInAs avalanche photodiode (APD) by computational simulation and experimental results. The simple planar structure is based on a novel epitaxy-junction diode concept and its practical performance for 10-Gb/s optical receivers was successfully demonstrated. Electric field simulations clarified how edge multiplication, which is an inherent problem in APDs, is suppressed in the guardring-free structure. The experimental results, which are current-voltage, capacitance-voltage, and wide-range line scans of responsivity, support the simulation results, and the simulation explains the peculiar characteristics of the experimental results. The computational and the experimental analysis are consistent with one another
Use of phase-stepping automatic fringe analysis in moire interferometry (1987)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Małgorzata Kujawinska, "Use of phase-stepping automatic fringe analysis in moire interferometry," Appl. Opt. 26, 4712-4714 (1987) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Species adaptation in a protein molecule. (1984)

The allosteric properties of hemoglobins, especially their responses to ligands other than oxygen, vary widely in different classes of vertebrates. Knowing the stereochemistry of the cooperative effects in human hemoglobin, one can infer the stereochemical basis of these variations from the changes in amino acid sequence. The results indicate that the tertiary and quaternary structures of deoxy- and oxyhemoglobin have remained almost invariant during vertebrate evolution and that most of the amino acid replacements between species are functionally neutral. Adaptations leading to responses to new chemical stimuli have evolved by only a few (one to five) amino acid substitutions in key positions. Once such a response has become superfluous, it may be inactivated, not necessarily by a reversal of one of the original substitutions but by any other that happens to inhibit it.
Electron beam-assisted healing of nanopores in magnesium alloys (2013)

Nanopore-based sensing has emerged as a promising candidate for affordable and powerful DNA sequencing technologies. Herein, we demonstrate that nanopores can be successfully fabricated in Mg alloys via focused electron beam (e-beam) technology. Employing in situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy techniques, we obtained unambiguous evidence that layer-by-layer growth of atomic planes at the nanopore periphery occurs when the e-beam is spread out, leading to the shrinkage and eventual disappearance of nanopores. The proposed healing process was attributed to the e-beam-induced anisotropic diffusion of Mg atoms in the vicinity of nanopore edges. A plausible diffusion mechanism that describes the observed phenomena is discussed. Our results constitute the first experimental investigation of nanopores in Mg alloys. Direct evidence of the healing process has advanced our fundamental understanding of surface science, which is of great practical importance for many technological applications, including thin film deposition and surface nanopatterning.
Studies on the Preservation of Potato by Combination of Gamma-Radiation and Chemical (1975)

Present work was conducted to investigate the combined effects of gamma-radiation and chemical treatment on the inhibition of sprouting and decay of potato tubers. Irish Cobbler, Apollo and Shimabara potato tubers were immersed in 1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm solution of salicylic acid for 2 minutes, and then irradiated at doses of 5, 10, and 15 krad using an indoor gamma room of approximately 10,000 Ci of . Treated tubers were stored for 8 months at room temperature. The results of this work are summarized as follows: 1. Moisture content of irradiated potato tubers was changed less than the control, and decreased gradually along with an extended storage period. Ascorbic acid content was remarkably decreased by gamma-radiation and an extended storage period. 2. Reducing sugar content of irradiated potato tubers tended to increase greatly compared with unirradiated potato tubers, however, starch content of irradiated potato tubers decreased compared with the control. Reducing sugar and starch content of all groups also decreased gradually along with an extended storage period. 3. The storageability of Irish Cobbler variety was best among three varieties and Shimabara variety was worst among them when gamma-radiation is treated singly or in combination with the chemical. Sprouting of potato tubers was more suppressed in combination treatment than single treatment. 4. Decay of potato tubers was more reduced in combination treatment than single treatment. Chemical treatment or gamma-radiation followed by chemical treatment had no influence on decay or spronting of potato tubers. 5. Weight loss of potato tubers was considerably increased as storage period became extended. Shrinkage was, more serious in Shimabara than in rish Cobbler.
Protein-Protein Interactions Contributing to the Specificity of Intracellular Vesicular Trafficking (1994)

Intracellular vesicles destined to fuse with the plasma membrane and secrete their contents must have a mechanism for specifically interacting with the appropriate target membrane. Such a mechanism is now suggested by the demonstration of specific interaction between vesicular proteins and plasma membrane proteins. The vesicle-associated membrane proteins (VAMPs) 1 and 2 specifically bind the acceptor membrane proteins syntaxin 1A and 4 but not syntaxin 2 or 3. The binding site is within amino acids 194 to 267 of syntaxin 1A, and the approximate equilibrium dissociation constants is 4.7 x 10(-6) molar. These data suggest a physical basis for the specificity of intracellular vesicular transport.
Quaternary Ammonium “Tannate” for Antifouling Coatings (2012)

The undesirable accumulation of a wide variety of marine organisms (biofouling) on ship hulls can lead to significantly increased costs, principally by increased fuel consumption to maintain cruising speed. Generally, these coatings have bioactive compounds, called biocides. In this sense, this paper deals with the assessment of the antifouling properties of a natural product derivative obtained from “quebracho” tannin and a quaternary ammonium salt (hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide ([CH3(CH2)15N(CH3)3]Br) . Two derivatives were obtained depending on the precipitation pH (4 and 8). The bioactivity of these derivatives was assessed by means of the Artemia test. Furthermore, soluble matrix paints were prepared with two different binders: rosin/oleic acid and rosin/styrene–acrylate copolymer. The leaching of “quebracho” tannin derivatives from coatings in artificial seawater was monitored until constant values were obtained, previous to the immersion in natural environments. Finally, the antifouling activity of coatings pigmented with the “quebracho” tannin derivative was evaluated in Mar del Plata harbor (38°08′17″S–57°31′18″W). The coating obtained with the derivative obtained at pH 4 and rosin/oleic acid as binder proved to have an acceptable efficiency for 10 months.
Characterization of the Carboxyl-terminal Domain of the Rat Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) Receptor (1999)

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is a gastrointestinal hormone involved in the regulation of insulin secretion. In non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus insulin responses to GIP are blunted, possibly due to altered signal transduction or reduced receptor number. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to construct truncated GIP receptors to study the importance of the carboxyl-terminal tail (CT) in binding, signaling, and receptor internalization. Receptors truncated at amino acids 425, 418, and 405, expressed in COS-7 or CHO-K1 cells, exhibited similar binding to wild type receptors. GIP-dependent cAMP production with the 405 mutant was decreased in COS-7 cells. Maximal cAMP production in CHO-K1 cells was reduced with all truncated forms. Binding was undetectable with a receptor truncated at amino acid 400; increasing tail length by adding 5 alanines restored binding and signaling. Mutants produced by alanine scanning of residues 394-401, adjacent to transmembrane domain 7, were all functional. CT truncation by 30 or more amino acids, mutation of serines 426/427, singly or combined, or complete CT serine knockout all reduced receptor internalization rate. The majority of the GIP receptor CT is therefore not required for signaling, a minimum chain length of approximately 405 amino acids is needed for receptor expression, and serines 426 and 427 are important for regulating rate of receptor internalization.
Discovery of 2-(6-{[(6-Fluoroquinolin-2-yl)methyl]amino}bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl)-<i>N</i>-hydroxypyrimidine-5-carboxamide (CHR-3996), a Class I Selective Orally Active Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor (2010)

A novel series of HDAC inhibitors demonstrating class I subtype selectivity and good oral bioavailability is described. The compounds are potent enzyme inhibitors (IC₅₀ values less than 100 nM), and improved activity in cell proliferation assays was achieved by modulation of polar surface area (PSA) through the introduction of novel linking groups. Employing oral pharmacokinetic studies in mice, comparing drug levels in spleen to plasma, we selected compounds that were tested for efficacy in human tumor xenograft studies based on their potential to distribute into tumor. One compound, 21r (CHR-3996), showed good oral activity in these models, including dose-related activity in a LoVo xenograft. In addition 21r showed good activity in combination with other anticancer agents in in vitro studies. On the basis of these results, 21r was nominated for clinical development.
Diazepines. Part IV. Dihydrodiazepinium salts from the condensation reaction between NN′-disubstituted ethylenediamines and β-dicarbonyl compounds (1966)

β-Diketones as well as β-dialdehydes react with 1,2-dianilinoethane to form 2,3-dihydro-1,4-diphenyl-1,4-diazepinium salts. Other NN′-disubstituted ethylenediamines react similarly. The NN′-dihydrodiphenyl-diazepinium salts are stable in acid but not in alkali. Substitution of the diazepinium cation by bromine has been effected.