gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Speaker adaptation for word-based speech recognition systems (1981)

This work is aimed at enhancing the speaker-independent performance of word-based speech recognition systems by rapidly and automatically deducing general characteristics of the current speaker and using them to derive speaker-normalizing transforms. DP matching is used to align and compare corresponding frames of the incoming speech and reference vocabulary. A single transform is then computed for all voiced speech and another for all unvoiced speech. The transform consist of a linear filtering component and, optionally, a constrained frequency shift. Experiments have been carried out with twenty male and female, native and non-native English speakers each producing 150 digits. Adaptation on all 150 digits reduces recognition errors by a factor of three (4.5% to 1.5%). With adaptation on just three randomly selected digits, the reduction factor is two. Frequency shifting is useful only when the amount of adaptation material is large and the reference speech is not exclusively from the same sex as the current speaker. Best performance is obtained using a transform without frequency shifting and with all input and reference speech from the same sex. [Work supported by DCIEM, Department of National Defence, Canada.]
Webmap - A Graphical Hypertext Navigation Tool (1994)

WebMap is intended to help avoiding the well known &quot;lost in hyperspace&quot; situation. It does this by creating and updating a two-dimensional graphical map of a user&apos;s &quot;journey through hyperspace &quot; by dynamically analyzing the navigation actions. WebMap communicates with the WWW browser Mosaic, so user interactions with Mosaic are immediately reflected in WebMap&apos;s graphics window. On the other hand, WebMap may be used to control Mosaic, e.g., to cause it to load a new document into one of its windows or store a document in PostScript format. 1 Introduction This article presents an extension to the well known hypertext navigation techniques such as linear history and hotlists (often called &quot;bookmarks &quot;). Some of the commonly used hypertext browsers record the complete navigation history, others optimize the history by cutting branches originating from `backsteps&apos;. However, history mechanisms are not very useful for retrieval of documents visited a long time ago. Hotlists, on the other han...
Risk and hazards (2010)

Many controversial issues revolve around complex scientific arguments which can be better understood with at least a minimal knowledge and understanding of the chemical reactions and processes going on in the world around us.This textbook offers an accessible introduction to chemical principles and concepts, and applies them to relevant environmental situations and issues. Written for students who have not taken A' level chemistry, this book bridges the gap between GSCE chemistry and first year undergraduate level.
Case Studies of SCADA Firewall Configurations and the Implications for Best Practices (2016)

Firewall configuration is an important activity for any modern day business. It is particularly a critical task for the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) networks that control power stations, water distribution, factory automation, etc. Lack of automation tools to assist with this critical task has resulted in unoptimised, error prone configurations that expose these networks to cyber attacks. Automation can make designing firewall configurations more reliable and their deployment increasingly cost-effective. Best practices have been proposed by the industry for developing high-level security policy (e.g., ANSI/ISA 62443-1-1). But these best practices lack specification in several key aspects needed to allow a firewall to be automatically configured. For instance, the standards are vague on how firewall management policies should be captured at a high-level using its specifications. In this paper, we uncover these missing pieces and propose extensions. We apply our extended best-practice specification to real-world firewall case studies to achieve multiple objectives: 1) to evaluate the usefulness of the refined best-practice in the automated specification of firewalls and 2) to illustrate that even in simple cases, SCADA networks are often insecure due to their misconfigured firewalls.
Localization of the MEN1 gene to a small region within chromosome 11q13 by deletion mapping in tumors. (1990)

The gene for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), an inherited predisposition to neuroendocrine neoplasm of the parathyroid glands, the pancreatic islet parenchyma, and the anterior pituitary gland, was recently mapped to chromosome 11q13 based on genetic linkage in families. We now show that the pathogenesis of MEN1-associated parathyroid lesions involves unmasking of a recessive mutation at the disease locus and that sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism shares the same mechanisms. By examination of allele losses in MEN1-associated lesions, we could define deletions of chromosome 11 and map the MEN1 locus to a small region within chromosome band 11q13, telomeric to the PYGM locus. In contrast, a low incidence of deletions involving the MEN1 gene was found in sporadic pituitary adenomas.
Use of Formalin-Fixed, Propidium Iodide-Stained Human Leukocytes as a Standard for Enumerating CD4 <sup>+</sup> T Lymphocytes in a Single-Platform Assay (2001)

A new, inexpensive method is described that enables lymphocytes to be enumerated very precisely. Normal leukocytes were simultaneously stained and fixed with a propidium iodide-paraformaldehyde solution. The preparation obtained (CellBeads) was used as an internal standard for cell enumeration by flow cytometry and was stable at 4 degrees C for at least 60 days. Unlike synthetic beads, the CellBeads behaved similarly to normal cells during red blood cell lysis and cell washing procedures. When known numbers of CellBeads were added to whole-blood samples and the numbers of CellBeads and lymphocytes were determined, highly reproducible and accurate enumerations were obtained-far more so than when synthetic beads were used. This inexpensive method is suitable for routine use.
Potentiation of clobazam's anticonvulsant activity by etifoxine, a non-benzodiazepine tranquilizer, in mice. Comparison studies with sodium valproate. (1986)

The interaction of two tranquilizers, the 1,5-benzodiazepine clobazam (CBZ, Frisium) and the non-benzodiazepine etifoxin (Hoe-36,801) hydrochloride (EFX, 6-chloro-2-ethylamino-4-methyl-4-phenyl-4H-3,1-benzoxazine HCl) was investigated for anticonvulsant activity in mice. Corresponding experiments were performed with the antiepileptic drug sodium valproate (VPA). Tonic-clonic (maximal) seizures were induced by maximal electroshock (MES; 12 mA, 200 ms) and clonic (threshold) seizures by pentetrazol (PTZ; 85 mg/kg s.c.). The addition of an anticonvulsant threshold dose of EFX (50 mg/kg p.o.) led to an increase of CBZ's potency against both MES- and PTZ-seizures by 410 or 450%, respectively. Under the same conditions, EFX enhanced the potency of VPA only by 20 or 80% and a threshold dose of VPA (100 mg/kg p.o.) enhanced the potency of CBZ by 110 or 0%, respectively. It is concluded that this potentiation of CBZ's anticonvulsant activity by EFX may be beneficially used in epileptic patients either to increase CBZ's antiepileptic effects or to reduce CBZ's therapeutic doses in order to prevent or delay the development of resistance.
A Novel Method for High‐Level Production of TEV Protease by Superfolder GFP Tag (2009)

Because of its stringent sequence specificity, tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease is widely used to remove fusion tags from recombinant proteins. Due to the poor solubility of TEV protease, many strategies have been employed to increase the expression level of this enzyme. In our work, we introduced a novel method to produce TEV protease by using visible superfolder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP) as the fusion tag. The soluble production and catalytic activity of six variants of sfGFP-TEV was examined, and then the best variant was selected for large-scale production. After purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and Q anion exchange chromatography, the best variant of sfGFP-TEV fusion protease was obtained with purity of over 98% and yield of over 320 mg per liter culture. The sfGFP-TEV had a similar catalytic activity to that of the original TEV protease. Our research showed a novel method of large-scale production of visible and functional TEV protease for structural genomics research and other applications.
Human acidic ribosomal phosphoproteins P0, P1, and P2: analysis of cDNA clones, in vitro synthesis, and assembly. (1987)

cDNA clones encoding three antigenically related human ribosomal phosphoproteins (P-proteins) P0, P1, and P2 were isolated and sequenced. P1 and P2 are analogous to Escherichia coli ribosomal protein L7/L12, and P0 is likely to be an analog of L10. The three proteins have a nearly identical carboxy-terminal 17-amino-acid sequence (KEESEESD(D/E)DMGFGLFD-COOH) that is the basis of their immunological cross-reactivity. The identities of the P1 and P2 cDNAs were confirmed by the strong similarities of their encoded amino acid sequences to published primary structures of the homologous rat, brine shrimp, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins. The P0 cDNA was initially identified by translation of hybrid-selected mRNA and immunoprecipitation of the products. To demonstrate that the coding sequences are full length, the P0, P1, and P2 cDNAs were transcribed in vitro by bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase and the resulting mRNAs were translated in vitro. The synthetic P0, P1, and P2 proteins were serologically and electrophoretically identical to P-proteins extracted from HeLa cells. These synthetic P-proteins were incorporated into 60S but not 40S ribosomes and also assembled into a complex similar to that described for E. coli L7/L12 and L10.
Electrical theory of tornadoes (1960)

Modern theory and observations appear to support the very old and almost forgotten idea that tornadoes are a manifestation of thunderstorm electricity. It is suggested that there is sufficient electrical energy in an intense thunderstorm to power a tornado and that the electrification could cause extraordinarily intense winds by electrically heating air or by accelerating charged air in an electric field.
Completely discontinuous organic/ inorganic hybrid nanocomposites by self‐curing of nanobuilding blocks constructed from reactions of [HMe<sub>2</sub>SiOSiO<sub>1.5</sub>]<sub>8</sub> with vinylcyclohexene (2007)

Abstract The reaction of 4‐vinyl‐1‐cylcohexene with [HMe 2 SiOSiO 1.5 ] 8 provides tetra‐ and octa‐2‐cyclohexenylethyloctasilsesquioxanes. The tetrabifunctional [cyclohexenylethylMe 2 SiOSiO 1.5 ] 4 ‐[HMe 2 SiOSiO 1.5 ] 4 (average degree of functionalization) melts near 80 °C and can be cast and then cured (by thermal hydrosilylation) into transparent nanocomposite shapes. These materials, while not nanoporous, offer dielectric constants of 2.8–2.9 at 100 kHz to 3 MHz, and are air stable to temperatures ≥ 400 °C. The resulting materials appear (by X‐ray diffraction) to be partially ordered after curing. The octafunctional material also melts at low temperatures ( ca 120 °C) and can be copolymerized with hydridosiloxanes to give similar materials with lower thermal stability. The synthesis and characterization of the starting materials is described, as well as thermal curing studies and properties characterization of the resultant nanocomposites. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Case 9-1969 (1969)

Presentation of Case First admission. A fifty-six-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of fever.She had been well until a month previously, when there was the onset of daily chills and sweats, with elevation of the temperature to between 102 and 104°F. She had had no cough, pain in the chest or abdomen, dysuria or urinary frequency. She had been taking exercises for stiffness of the thigh muscles but had experienced no articular discomfort. On physical examination in another hospital there were no abnormal physical findings. Urinalysis was negative; the hematocrit was 37 per cent, and the . . .
Klystrons for UHF television (1982)

The history of television klystrons is described, as are the features of modern television klystrons. Advantages of internal-cavity and external-cavity klystrons are compared. Bandwidth theory and the theory of klystron efficiency, which are matters of particular importance in this application, are also reviewed.
An Blood Smear Image Based Aneima Recognition System (2013)

Anemia diseases have become a worldwide disease. In today's medical technology in diagnose for Red Blood Cells (RBC), medical personnel take the blood sample of patients and through the microscope to observe the blood smear. Blood cell images play an important role in helping diagnosis of the anemia. According to the quantity, size and the contour of the RBC and RBC's disc, the medical can diagnose whether the patient have the symptoms. The Genetic Algorithm Based Parameter Detector (GABPD) helps decide each feature optimal parameter value to recognize the RBC. The research using different 45 blood smear test images and the total number of the RBC is about 1150. The experimental illustrates the RBC can be correctly segmented by the proposed method and the RBC recognition rate can reach 90%. The conclusion is that the sleep quality of the college students seems poor, and going to PE class turns out to be the main way of doing exercise.
The Early Response to Acid Shock in<i>Lactobacillus reuteri</i>Involves the ClpL Chaperone and a Putative Cell Wall-Altering Esterase (2007)

To be able to function as a probiotic, bacteria have to survive the passage through the gastrointestinal tract. We have examined survival and gene expression of Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55730 after a sudden shift in environmental acidity to a pH close to the conditions in the human stomach. More than 80% of the L. reuteri cells survived at pH 2.7 for 1 h. A genomewide expression analysis experiment using microarrays displayed 72 differentially expressed genes at this pH. The early response to severe acid shock in L. reuteri differed from long-term acid adaptation to milder acid stress studied in other lactic acid bacteria. The genes induced included the following: clpL, genes putatively involved in alterations of the cell membrane and the cell wall; genes encoding transcriptional regulators; phage genes; and genes of unknown function. Two genes, clpL, encoding an ATPase with chaperone activity, and lr1516, encoding a putative esterase, were selected for mutation analyses. The mutants were significantly more sensitive to acid than the wild type was. Thus, these genes could contribute to the survival of L. reuteri in the gastrointestinal tract.
Fiber Structure Study by Polarized Infrared Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopy (1990)

Attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy has been shown to eliminate many of the difficulties encountered in the past with the sample presentation for infrared analysis. Yarn orientation behavior at different draw ratios was studied by analysis of polarized infrared spectra. The data demonstrate that the α conformation increases with drawing for nylon 6,6 fibers. The chain conformation and crystallite orientation which occur during drawing of nylon 6,6 fibers are also demonstrated. The structural changes observed by the present technique seem to agree well with x-ray diffraction data.
Calculating Optimal Modulation Periods to Maximize the Peak Capacity in Two-Dimensional HPLC (2007)

Theoretical calculations are presented to optimize modulation period for maximum total peak capacity in comprehensive two-dimensional HPLC (2D-HPLC) taking into account the effect of modulation on the apparent peak capacity of the first-dimension (1D) separation. Results indicate that modulation periods are most favorable when they are adjusted to approximately 2.2-4 times the standard deviation of a 1D peak in order to avoid excessively short run times at the second dimension (2D). Data are presented that effective peak capacities of several thousand in 60 min can be expected for practical 2D-HPLC conditions, utilizing 1D gradient elution followed by 2D isocratic elution, that remain at approximately 50-70% of the theoretical maximum peak capacity. This work suggests that lower modulation frequencies and longer 2D separation times than previously proposed are favorable under realistic chromatographic conditions, alleviating some practical problems associated with 2D-HPLC.
Multi-layer Optical Data Storage Based on Two-photon Recordable Fluorescent Disk Media (2001)

In this paper, we present a technology that can be used for random accessed mass optical data storage. The technology uses a two-photon recordable plastic disk medium that can fluoresce when recorded and that can support multiple stored data layers inside one disk. This technology is capable of achieving 200GB data capacity with a 120mm diameter, 10mm thick disk, and a data transfer rate of Gigabits/Sec by using parallel readout.
Gas-Well Testing in the Presence of Desorption for Coalbed Methane and Devonian Shale (1988)

Summary Very large potential gas reserves are present in both coalbeds and Devonian shales. In both formation types, long-term gas production is the result of gas desorption from the matrix. Experiments on core samples show that the desorption obeys a Langmuir isotherm. An approximate analytic solution is derived for single-phase gas flow when gas is present as both free gas and gas adsorbed on the matrix. The solution was verified against a finite-difference solution; the agreement between the two methods is excellent. The analysis of test data is simplest if the test is conducted at a constant mass flow rate. It is shown that the effect of desorption cannot be detected in production testing; therefore, analysis can be performed to obtain permeability as if the desorption effect is absent. The procedure to obtain desorption parameters is also given. The effect of desorption shows up in an increased compressibility, of the form cg +(αcm/ϕ)+[pscVLpLTz̅/ϕp̅gTsczsc(pL+pL+p̅g)2], which can be much larger than the gas compressibility. The effect of desorption on total production is substantial. When gases are adsorbed, total production over the life of a well can be an order of magnitude higher.
Increased Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure Is Associated With Altered Gut Microbiota Composition and Butyrate Production in Early Pregnancy (2016)

The risk of developing pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia is higher in obese pregnant women. In obesity, the composition of the gut microbiota is altered. Obesity is also associated with low-grade inflammation. Metabolites from the gut microbiota may contribute to both hypertension and inflammation. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the composition of the gut microbiota in overweight and obese pregnant women is associated with blood pressure and levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. The composition of the gut microbiota was determined with 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing in 205 women at 16 weeks gestation from the SPRING study (the Study of Probiotics in Gestational Diabetes). Expression of butyrate-producing genes in the gut microbiota was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels were measured in fasting serum of a subset of 70 women. Blood pressure was slightly but significantly higher in obese compared with overweight women. The abundance of the butyrate-producing genus Odoribacter was inversely correlated with systolic blood pressure. Butyrate production capacity was decreased, but plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 concentrations increased in obese pregnant women. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels were inversely correlated with expression of butyrate kinase and Odoribacter abundance. This study shows that in overweight and obese pregnant women at 16 weeks gestation, the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria and butyrate production in the gut microbiota is significantly negatively associated with blood pressure and with plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels. Increasing butyrate-producing capacity may contribute to maintenance of normal blood pressure in obese pregnant women.
Sistema fotoneuroendocrino y fotorrecepción no visual (1997)

Despite the volume of biomedical and psychosocial discourse surrounding both renal transplantation and the immune system, there is a limit to current understandings of immunosuppression in the context of kidney transplantation. For example, we do not know how the immunosuppressed renal transplant recipient experiences and understands their immune system and body. In addition, we do not know if the patient is as fixated on ;graft survival' as their healthcare team or whether other concerns are more relevant. What is missing is the discourse of those who actually 'live' the medically altered immune system in the context of renal transplantation. We propose that this gap in knowledge is bound to an acknowledged problem among renal transplant recipients and their healthcare teams--a lack of compliance with recommended medical regimens. Our argument here is that an exploration of patient intimacy with transplant-related immunosuppression might illuminate a different understanding of this experience that could enhance health professionals' understanding and their subsequent approach to treatment. We contend that the embodied and contextual experience of the patient needs to be equally valued in order to enhance patient outcomes.
PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN FROM METHANE AND METHANE/TEAM IN A MICROWAVE IRRADIATED CHAR-LOADED REACTOR (1996)

ABSTRACT The production of hydrogen by the decomposition of pure methane and methane/steam mixtures in a microwave -irradiated fixed bed reactor packed with devolatilized coal char was studied. Input power levels from 600–3500 W were used. Low conversions were obtained for pure methane as the feed, but 1:1 molar ratio mixtures of methane and steam gave high conversions. The effects of power level and feed flow rate were determined for the methane/steam case. Additionally, microwave heating and conventional heating were compared for the methane/steam case. Microwave heating was found to require temperatures 3050 °C lower to give the same methane conversions obtained with conventional heating, over a conversion range of 18-53%. Thus, it may be concluded that microwave heating promotes the methane/steam reaction in some type of unique manner.