gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Evaluation of Drug Solubility and Gamma Irradiation on the Release of Betamethasone under Simulated In Vivo Conditions (2007)

In situ—forming biodegradable polymeric systems loaded with betamethasone (BTM) and betamethasone acetate (BTMA) (5, 7, and 10% (w/w)) were prepared using poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (33% (w/w)), ethyl heptanoate (5% (w/w)), and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as biodegradable material, additive, and solvent, respectively. The effects of gamma irradiation, drug loading, and solvent removal on release profiles were evaluated. The drug release in phosphate-buffered solution (pH = 7.4, 37°C) was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. The release profiles of irradiated and nonirradiated formulations based on BTMA showed a three-phase release pattern, whereas the pattern for BTM was biphasic. Gamma irradiation had no significant effect on the BTMA release profiles ( p>0.05). Unexpectedly, irradiation had a significant effect on release behavior of BTM ( p<0.05); also, the rate of BTM release was decreased with an increase in drug loading up to 10%. The amount of BTM that was released in the burst phase decreased by about 1.4 and 1.5 times for 7 and 10% BTM loading, respectively. The duration of BTM release was more than that of BTMA. Changes in hydrophobicity and hydrogen bonding had a strong effect on the release behavior of the two forms of BTM from the in situ—forming systems.
Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 Predicts Cancer-Free Survival in Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma Patients (2006)

VCAM1 expression levels were found to be histologically subtype specific in renal tumors. Determination of the VCAM1 expression level as a biomarker can provide useful prognostic information for patients with clear cell RCC.
A novel affinity-based method for the isolation of highly purified extracellular vesicles (2016)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes and microvesicles serve as messengers of intercellular network, allowing exchange of cellular components between cells. EVs carry lipids, proteins, and RNAs derived from their producing cells, and have potential as biomarkers specific to cell types and even cellular states. However, conventional methods (such as ultracentrifugation or polymeric precipitation) for isolating EVs have disadvantages regarding purity and feasibility. Here, we have developed a novel method for EV purification by using Tim4 protein, which specifically binds the phosphatidylserine displayed on the surface of EVs. Because the binding is Ca<sup>2+</sup>-dependent, intact EVs can be easily released from Tim4 by adding Ca<sup>2+</sup> chelators. Tim4 purification, which we have applied to cell conditioned media and biofluids, is capable of yielding EVs of a higher purity than those obtained using conventional methods. The lower contamination found in Tim4-purified EV preparations allows more EV-specific proteins to be detected by mass spectrometry, enabling better characterization and quantification of different EV populations' proteomes. Tim4 protein can also be used as a powerful tool for quantification of EVs in both ELISA and flow cytometry formats. Thus, the affinity of Tim4 for EVs will find abundant applications in EV studies.
ABSENCE OF GERMLINE PROHIBITIN MUTATIONS IN EARLY-ONSET BREAST-CANCER (1993)

The prohibitin gene, mapped to chromosome 17q21 is a candidate tumor suppressor gene. Because several somatic mutations of prohibitin were detected in breast tumors, we sought to identify potential carriers of prohibitin gene mutations in selected patients with early onset breast cancer. Seventy-six patients who developed breast cancer at or before the age of 40 were examined for mutations of prohibitin within the most conserved regions of the gene. Additionally, all exons of the prohibitin gene were examined in a subgroup of patients with a history of first-degree relatives with primary breast cancer. While several polymorphisms were noted, no inherited mutations of prohibitin were identified. This study suggests that prohibitin is not an early onset breast cancer susceptibility gene and additional studies will be necessary to understand its role in sporadic breast cancer progression.
Influence of the reactor environment on the selective area thermal etching of GaN nanohole arrays (2020)

Selective area thermal etching (SATE) of gallium nitride is a simple subtractive process for creating novel device architectures and improving the structural and optical quality of III-nitride-based devices. In contrast to plasma etching, it allows, for example, the creation of enclosed features with extremely high aspect ratios without introducing ion-related etch damage. We report how SATE can create uniform and organized GaN nanohole arrays from c-plane and (11-22) semi-polar GaN in a conventional MOVPE reactor. The morphology, etching anisotropy and etch depth of the nanoholes were investigated by scanning electron microscopy for a broad range of etching parameters, including the temperature, the pressure, the NH<sub>3</sub> flow rate and the carrier gas mixture. The supply of NH<sub>3</sub> during SATE plays a crucial role in obtaining a highly anisotropic thermal etching process with the formation of hexagonal non-polar-faceted nanoholes. Changing other parameters affects the formation, or not, of non-polar sidewalls, the uniformity of the nanohole diameter, and the etch rate, which reaches 6 µm per hour. Finally, the paper discusses the SATE mechanism within a MOVPE environment, which can be applied to other mask configurations, such as dots, rings or lines, along with other crystallographic orientations.
Radio-frequency sputtered indium tin oxide thin films (1983)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Michael Russak, Jerome De Carlo; Radio‐frequency sputtered indium tin oxide thin films. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 1 July 1983; 1 (3): 1563–1564. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.572263 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAVS: Science & Technology of Materials Interfaces and ProcessingJournal of Vacuum Science & Technology A Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Correlation maps: A compressed access method for exploiting soft functional dependencies (2009)

In relational query processing, there are generally two choices for access paths when performing a predicate lookup for which no clustered index is available. One option is to use an unclustered index. Another is to perform a complete sequential scan of the table. Many analytical workloads do not benefit from the availability of unclustered indexes; the cost of random disk I/O becomes prohibitive for all but the most selective queries. It has been observed that a secondary index on an unclustered attribute can perform well under certain conditions if the unclustered attribute is correlated with a clustered index attribute [4]. The clustered index will co-locate values and the correlation will localize access through the unclustered attribute to a subset of the pages. In this paper, we show that in a real application (SDSS) and widely used benchmark (TPC-H), there exist many cases of attribute correlation that can be exploited to accelerate queries. We also discuss a tool that can automatically suggest useful pairs of correlated attributes. It does so using an analytical cost model that we developed, which is novel in its awareness of the effects of clustering and correlation. Furthermore, we propose a data structure called a Correlation Map (CM) that expresses the mapping between the correlated attributes, acting much like a secondary index. The paper also discusses how bucketing on the domains of both attributes in the correlated attribute pair can dramatically reduce the size of the CM to be potentially orders of magnitude smaller than that of a secondary B+Tree index. This reduction in size allows us to create a large number of CMs that improve performance for a wide range of queries. The small size also reduces maintenance costs as we demonstrate experimentally. 1.
Control applications of TORO &#x2014; A Torque controlled humanoid robot (2014)

Summary form only given: This video presents an overview of the hardware and control applications of the TOrque-controlled humanoid RObot TORO developed at DLR. The self-contained robot was developed as a research platform for walking and whole-body control. It is based on the drive units of the DLR-KUKA Lightweight Robot Arm (LBR) III, has a total of 39 DoF, and it can be operated both in position and torque control modes. The internal state of the robot can be measured by the motor position and torque sensors, plus two IMUs in the trunk and head. Force/torque sensors at the ankles provide measurements to evaluate the stability of the robot, and stereo cameras plus one RGB-D sensor are integrated in the head for research on autonomous navigation and manipulation. The integrated joint torque sensors allow a highly sensitive inner loop joint torque control. Based on torque control different impedance behaviors can be easily realized, which is demonstrated by an energy-based limit cycle controller used in a simple hand-shaking demonstration. The walking controller is based on the Divergent Component of Motion (DCM), also known as Capture Point. Reference trajectories for the DCM, which correspond to ZMP trajectories on the robot feet, are generated and tracked by a feedback control. The high level walking commands for the robot can be autonomously generated or can be introduced via a proportional velocity input from a gaming console remote control. A multi-contact whole-body controller for balancing and posture stabilization is implemented using optimization of contact wrenches and is tested in different contact situations.
Development and Characterization of a 9-mm Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma (ICP) Source for Atomic Emission Spectrometry. (1980)

A new 9-mm (i.d.) inductively coupled plasma torch is described which supports a stable, analytically useful plasma at less than 500 watts of r.f. power and 7 L/min total argon gas flow. Detection limits, working curves and other analytical characteristics of the new device are compared with those of both a miniature (13-mm i.d.) and conventional (19-mm i.d.) ICP. Although temperatures of the new plasma are somewhat lower than those in the larger plasmas, the new system offers promise for future, miniaturized ICP instruments. (Author)
Carbon-based Fuel Cell (2005)

The direct use of coal in the solid oxide fuel cell to generate electricity is an innovative concept for power generation. The C-fuel cell (carbon-based fuel cell) could offer significant advantages: (1) minimization of NOx emissions due to its operating temperature range of 700-1000 C, (2) high overall efficiency because of the direct conversion of coal to CO{sub 2}, and (3) the production of a nearly pure CO{sub 2} exhaust stream for the direct CO{sub 2} sequestration. The objective of this project is to determine the technical feasibility of using a highly active anode catalyst in a solid oxide fuel for the direct electrochemical oxidation of coal to produce electricity. Results of this study showed that the electric power generation from Ohio No 5 coal (Lower Kittanning) Seam, Mahoning County, is higher than those of coal gas and pure methane on a solid oxide fuel cell assembly with a promoted metal anode catalyst at 950 C. Further study is needed to test the long term activity, selectivity, and stability of anode catalysts.
Kinetic simulation of a compact reactor system for hydrogen production by steam reforming of higher hydrocarbons (2008)

Abstract A bubbling fluidized bed membrane reactor for steam reforming of higher hydrocarbons is modelled, using n ‐heptane as a model component to represent steam reforming of naphtha. The reformer is modelled as a bubbling fluidized bed reactor, consisting of two pseudo phases, a dense phase and a bubble phase, both in plug flow. In situ H 2 permselective membranes remove H 2 continuously as a pure product, greatly enhancing the H 2 yield per mole of heptane fed. A fluidized bed membrane reformer for higher hydrocarbons could give a very compact reactor system combining all the units from the pre‐reformer to the hydrogen purification system in a traditional steam reforming plant into a single unit.
Current and Potential Applications of Clinical <sup>13</sup>C MR Spectroscopy (2008)

In this article, the current and potential clinical roles of (13)C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and (13)C magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging are presented, with a focus on applications to prostate cancer and hyperpolarized (13)C spectroscopic imaging. The advantages of (13)C MRS have been its chemical specificity and lack of background signal, with the major disadvantage being its inherently low sensitivity and the subsequent inability to acquire data at a high-enough spatial and temporal resolution to be routinely applicable in the clinic. The approaches to improving the sensitivity of (13)C spectroscopy have been to perform proton decoupling and to use endogenous (13)C-labeled or enhanced metabolic substrates. With these nominal increases in signal-to-noise ratio, (13)C MRS using labeled metabolic substrates has shown diagnostic promise in patients and has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. The development of technology that applies dynamic nuclear polarization to generate hyperpolarized (13)C-labeled metabolic substrates, and the development of a process for delivering them into living subjects, have totally changed the clinical potential of MRS of (13)C-labeled metabolic substrates. Preliminary preclinical studies in a model of prostate cancer have demonstrated the potential clinical utility of hyperpolarized (13)C MRS.
Rapid Renal Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Gene Induction in Experimental and Clinical Acute Kidney Injury (2014)

Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) is a hepatic stress protein with protease inhibitor activity. Recent evidence indicates that ischemic or toxic injury can evoke selective changes within kidney that resemble a hepatic phenotype. Hence, we tested the following: i) Does acute kidney injury (AKI) up-regulate the normally renal silent AAT gene? ii) Does rapid urinary AAT excretion result? And iii) Can AAT's anti-protease/anti-neutrophil elastase (NE) activity protect injured proximal tubule cells? CD-1 mice were subjected to ischemic or nephrotoxic (glycerol, maleate, cisplatin) AKI. Renal functional and biochemical assessments were made 4-72 hrs later. Rapidly following injury, 5-10 fold renal cortical and isolated proximal tubule AAT mRNA and protein increases occurred. These were paralleled by rapid (>100 fold) increases in urinary AAT excretion. AKI also induced marked increases in renal cortical/isolated proximal tubule NE mRNA. However, sharp NE protein levels declines resulted, which strikingly correlated (r, -0.94) with rising AAT protein levels (reflecting NE complexing by AAT/destruction). NE addition to HK-2 cells evoked ∼95% cell death. AAT completely blocked this NE toxicity, as well as Fe induced oxidant HK-2 cell attack. Translational relevance of experimental AAT gene induction was indicated by ∼100-1000 fold urinary AAT increases in 22 AKI patients (matching urine NGAL increases). We conclude: i) AKI rapidly up-regulates the renal cortical/proximal tubule AAT gene; ii) NE gene induction also results; iii) AAT can confer cytoprotection, potentially by blocking/reducing cytotoxic NE accumulation; and iv) marked increases in urinary AAT excretion in AKI patients implies clinical relevance of the AKI- AAT induction pathway.
Ancient Epigraphic Inscriptions as a Source for Research of the Oldest Past of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2020)

: Epigraphic inscriptions hundreds of which have been found in the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, are an authentic testimony of the people of the time about the political, cultural and social life of provinces Dalmatia, and the two Pannonia provinces (Pannonia Superior and Pannonia Inferior). Although a systematic research is lacking, the number of newly-found epigraphic monuments has significantly increased in Bosnia and Herzegovina and to that number four more will be added. Two monuments were found in the wider Trebinje area, while the other two are from the Crkvine near Makljenovac (Doboj) locality. Votive altar for Jupiter, Best and Greatest, from the soldier of Cohors prima Delmatarum milliaria is the first material evidence for which it can be certainly asserted that it is linked to the presence of the cohort in the area of Doboj. The cohort whose name is mentioned on the epigraphic monument from Doboj was probably made in the 80s CE, after the Roman legions retreated from the area of the province Dalmatia. It is considered that the cohort was stationed throughout the whole principate in its “birth” province Dalmatia and that it is, conditionally speaking, one of the autochthonous cohorts. The confirmation that the Cohors prima Delmatarum milliaria equitata was stationed in the castrum in Makljenovac is a good indicator that Romans accounted for the inter-provincial borders, not only for he limes.
Targeting Multiple Effector Pathways in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma with a G-Quadruplex-Binding Small Molecule (2018)

Human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) involves the dysregulation of multiple signaling pathways. A novel approach to the treatment of PDAC is described, involving the targeting of cancer genes in PDAC pathways having over-representation of G-quadruplexes, using the trisubstituted naphthalene diimide quadruplex-binding compound 2,7-bis(3-morpholinopropyl)-4-((2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl)amino)benzo[ lmn][3,8]phenanthroline-1,3,6,8(2 H,7 H)-tetraone (CM03). This compound has been designed by computer modeling, is a potent inhibitor of cell growth in PDAC cell lines, and has anticancer activity in PDAC models, with a superior profile compared to gemcitabine, a commonly used therapy. Whole-transcriptome RNA-seq methodology has been used to analyze the effects of this quadruplex-binding small molecule on global gene expression. This has revealed the down-regulation of a large number of genes, rich in putative quadruplex elements and involved in essential pathways of PDAC survival, metastasis, and drug resistance. The changes produced by CM03 represent a global response to the complexity of human PDAC and may be applicable to other currently hard-to-treat cancers.
THE USE OF HIGH REACTIVITY METAKAOLIN IN HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE (1999)

Results are presented from laboratory investigations on the durability of concrete containing high-reactivity metakaolin (HRM), a pozzolan manufactured by processing purified kaolinitic clay. Expansion tests on concrete prisms and mortar bars containing reactive aggregates indicated that up to 15% HRM may be required to prevent deleterious expansion due to alkali-silica reactivity. The efficacy of HRM in this role is likely linked to the substantial reduction in pore solution alkalinity determined for pastes with 20% HRM compared to control specimens. Bulk diffusion testing indicated that HRM substantially reduced chloride ion penetration in concrete with W/CM = 0.30 and 0.40. Reductions in diffusion coefficients compared to control specimens were of the order of 50% and 60% for concrete with 8% and 12% HRM, respectively. Such reductions can be expected to have a substantial impact on the service life of reinforced concrete in chloride environments. Chloride binding tests indicated that 8% HRM increases the binding capacity of hydrated pastes cast with a moderate C3A cement.
Colorectal Cancer With Mutation in <i>BRAF</i>, <i>KRAS</i>, and Wild-Type With Respect to Both Oncogenes Showing Different Patterns of DNA Methylation (2004)

In CRC, the methylation status of multiple promoters can be predicted through knowledge of BRAF and, to a lesser extent, KRAS activating mutations, indicating that these mutations are closely associated with different patterns of DNA hypermethylation. These changes may be important events in colorectal tumorigenesis.
Stress-activated Genomic Expression Changes Serve a Preparative Role for Impending Stress in Yeast (2008)

Yeast cells respond to stress by mediating condition-specific gene expression changes and by mounting a common response to many stresses, called the environmental stress response (ESR). Giaever et al. previously revealed poor correlation between genes whose expression changes in response to acute stress and genes required to survive that stress, raising question about the role of stress-activated gene expression. Here we show that gene expression changes triggered by a single dose of stress are not required to survive that stimulus but rather serve a protective role against future stress. We characterized the increased resistance to severe stress in yeast preexposed to mild stress. This acquired stress resistance is dependent on protein synthesis during mild-stress treatment and requires the "general-stress" transcription factors Msn2p and/or Msn4p that regulate induction of many ESR genes. However, neither protein synthesis nor Msn2/4p is required for basal tolerance of a single dose of stress, despite the substantial expression changes triggered by each condition. Using microarrays, we show that Msn2p and Msn4p play nonredundant and condition-specific roles in gene-expression regulation, arguing against a generic general-stress function. This work highlights the importance of condition-specific responses in acquired stress resistance and provides new insights into the role of the ESR.
Dissolution and Solubility Enhancement of the Highly Lipophilic Drug Phenytoin via Interaction with Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide-<i>co</i>-vinylpyrrolidone) Excipients (2015)

Excipients of natural or synthetic origin play an important role in pharmaceutical performance to enhance the solubility, bioavailability, release, and stability of insoluble drugs. Herein, a series of seven excipient models was prepared by both homopolymerization and copolymerization of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (VP) and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) by free radical polymerization yielding two homopolymers poly(VP) and poly(NIPAAm) and five copolymers of poly(NIPAAm-co-VP) at difference compositions. While the VP monomer provided aqueous solubility at a variety of conditions to the excipient, the incorporation of NIPAAm into the copolymer offered additional hydrogen bond donating sites to optimize the drug-polymer interactions in the system. Due to the presence of NIPAAm, the copolymers were sensitive to temperature as well. It was found that as the proportion of VP was increased (from 0 to 100%), the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and the water solubility of the polymer models increased. To examine the role of specific drug-polymer interactions during dissolution on drug solubility and bioavailability, the polymers were formulated with the anticonvulsant drug phenytoin, which is a poorly water-soluble BCS class II drug where oral absorption is limited by the drug solubility. Amorphous solid dispersions (ASD) were prepared via spray drying of phenytoin with the polymer excipient models to contain 10% and 25% by weight drug loading. Physical characterization of the ASDs by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed that the polymers held the drug in a high-energy amorphous phase in all the formulations prepared. All ASDs exhibited improved in vitro dissolution rates compared to drug only and physical mixtures of the polymers and the drug. Drug solubility was the highest with the ASDs containing poly(NIPAAm-co-VP) 60:40 and 50:50, which showed a solubility enhancement of near 14-fold increase compared to pure drug, indicating the significance of copolymer composition to improve drug-polymer interactions toward increasing bioavailability.