gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ethylene‐promoted ascorbate peroxidase activity protects plants against hydrogen peroxide, ozone and paraquat (1990)

Abstract. In experiments where mung beans ( Vigna radiata L.) and peas ( Pisum sativum L.) have been pre‐exposed to ethylene and afterwards treated with ozone, it has been shown that such ethylenepretreated plants may become more resistant to ozone. Further experiments with hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and the herbicide paraquat suggest that this increased resistance against ozone depends on the stimulation of ascorbate peroxidase activity which provides cells with increased resistance against the formation of H 2 O 2 which is also formed when plants are fumigated with ozone. These results explain why increased production of ethylene can be observed in plants exposed with ozone or other oxidative stress and clearly demonstrate that in plants, as well as animals, peroxidases protect cells against harmful concentrations of hydroperoxides.
Management control en finance bij FCDF (1999)

This article summarizes the findings of an interview with the CFO and group controller of internationally operating dairy company Friesland Coberco Dairy Foods (FCDF) soon after the merger (of FDF and Coberco).
A Phase 2 Study of Vinorelbine, Mitomycin C and Cisplatin Chemotherapy for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (2002)

The regimen of mitomycin C, vinorelbine and cisplatin for non-small cell lung cancer is active against advanced NSCLC with tolerable toxicities.
Transcriptional and posttranscriptional modulation of myeloid colony-stimulating factor expression by tumor necrosis factor and other agents. (1988)

Granulocyte (G) and granulocyte-macrophage (GM) colony-stimulating factors (CSF) are necessary for proliferation and differentiation of myeloid hematopoietic cells. Fibroblasts stimulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and several other agents are a rich source of these CSF. The GM-CSF synthesized by these cells had the same molecular weight and glycosylation pattern as that produced by activated T lymphocytes, as shown by [35S]methionine labeling studies. Northern (RNA) blot analysis showed that the fibroblasts had trace levels of G- and GM-CSF mRNA. Both G- and GM-CSF mRNA concentrations coordinately increased after exposure of the cells to TNF alpha (greater than or equal to 5 ng/ml), 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) (greater than or equal to 5 x 10(-10) M), or cycloheximide (20 micrograms/ml). Both TNF alpha and TPA increased levels of G- and GM-CSF mRNA in the absence of new protein synthesis. Transcriptional run-on studies demonstrated that fibroblasts constitutively transcribed GM-CSF, and transcription was enhanced 3.0-fold by TNF alpha and 2.5-fold by TPA and was unchanged by cycloheximide. The stability of G- and GM-CSF transcripts was determined after exposure of the cells to actinomycin D; the half-lives of G- and GM-CSF mRNA in unstimulated cells were less than 0.25 h and were increased 2- to 16-fold in cells cultured with TNF, TPA, or cycloheximide. In summary, both transcriptional and posttranscriptional signals acted coordinately to modulate the levels of G- and GM-CSF mRNAs in fibroblasts.
Direct lithographic top contacts for pentacene organic thin-film transistors (2009)

We report a process to fabricate metallic source and drain contacts on pentacene thin films with channel resolution less than 10μm. Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) made by this method can have field-effect mobility of 0.3cm2/V−s. Contact resistance extracted from these OTFTs is about (5×107)–(5×108)Ωμm which is lower than that typical for bottom contact devices. Such performance in OTFTs demonstrates this method’s value for fabricating organic electronics.
Cloning, expression and characterization of CYP102D1, a self‐sufficient P450 monooxygenase from <i>Streptomyces avermitilis</i> (2011)

Among 33 cytochrome P450s (CYPs) of Streptomyces avermitilis, CYP102D1 encoded by the sav575 gene is naturally a unique and self-sufficient CYP. Since the native cyp102D1 gene could not be expressed well in Escherichia coli, its expression was attempted using codon-optimized synthetic DNA. The gene was successfully overexpressed and the recombinant CYP102D1 was functionally active, showing a Soret peak at 450 nm in the reduced CO difference spectrum. FMN/FAD isolated from the reductase domain showed the same fluorescence in thin layer chromatography separation as the authentic standards. Characterization of the substrate specificity of CYP102D1 based on NADPH oxidation rate revealed that it catalysed the oxidation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with very good regioselectivity, similar to other CYP102A families depending on NADPH supply. In particular, CYP102D1 catalysed the rapid oxidation of myristoleic acid with a k(cat)/K(m) value of 453.4 ± 181.5 μM(-1)·min(-1). Homology models of CYP102D1 based on other members of the CYP102A family allowed us to alter substrate specificity to aromatic compounds such as daidzein. Interestingly, replacement of F96V/M246I in the active site increased catalytic activity for daidzein with a k(cat)/K(m) value of 100.9 ± 10.4 μM(-1)·min(-1) (15-fold).
Continuous Alteration of the Internal Milieu of a Nerve-Guide Chamber Using an Osmotic Pump and Internal Exhaust System (1995)

The use of non-neural conduits to span gaps in regenerating peripheral nerves has been noted in the literature for many years. An intriguing addition to this so-called entubulation repair method is the continuous instillation of neuronotrophic or growth factors into the lumen of the guide to bathe the regenerating nerve. A model is presented which uses an osmotic pump that supplies a constant, reproducible amount of solution into the lumen of a nerve guide without disrupting the regeneration process.
High-Efficiency Power Conversion Using Silicon Carbide Power Electronics (2014)

The message of this paper is that the silicon carbide power transistors of today are good enough to design converters with efficiencies and switching speeds beyond comparison with corresponding technology in silicon. This is the time to act. Only in the highest power range the devices are missing. Another important step towards high powers is to find new solutions for multi-chip circuit designs that are adapted to the high possible switching speeds of unipolar silicon carbide power transistors.
High-temperature analog instrumentation system in thin-film fully-depleted SOI CMOS technology (2002)

The feasibility of single chip solutions fully integrating complete analog instrumentation system using thin-film fully-depleted SOI CMOS technology is demonstrated. The performance of our instrumentation amplifiers, continuous-time filters and sigma-delta modulators are compatible with actual specifications from oil drilling or aerospace applications and correct operation is extended up to more than 300/spl deg/C.
Direct compression of 170-fs 50-cycle pulses down to 1.5 cycles with 70% transmission (2018)

We present a straightforward route for extreme pulse compression, which relies on moderately driving self-phase modulation (SPM) over an extended propagation distance. This avoids that other detrimental nonlinear mechanisms take over and deteriorate the SPM process. The long propagation is obtained by means of a hollow-core fiber (HCF), up to 6 m in length. This concept is potentially scalable to TW pulse peak powers at kW average power level. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate 33-fold pulse compression of a 1 mJ, 6 kHz, 170 fs Yb laser down to 5.1 fs (1.5 cycles at 1030 nm), by employing a single HCF and subsequent chirped mirrors with an overall transmission of 70%.
Effect of Cinnamon on Glucose Control and Lipid Parameters (2007)

Cinnamon does not appear to improve A1C, FBG, or lipid parameters in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.
Liver Transplantation for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (2012)

We report the largest single institution experience of LT for NASH. Over a 10-year period, the frequency of LT for NASH has increased 5-fold. Although outcomes are comparable with LT for other indications, health care resources are stressed significantly by this new and increasing group of transplant candidates.
Digital ira (2013)

Video performance capture drives a facial blendshape model made from high-resolution facial scans, compressed and realistically rendered in a reproducible game-ready pipeline designed for current-generation PCs and next-generation consoles.
Studies on the chemistry of mitomycins. (1990)

The studies on the chemistry of mitomycins are described : i) identification and structural elucidation of mitomycins D, E, F, G, I, J, K, L, M, albomitomycin A, and isomitomycin A from the fermentation broth; ii) derivation of mitomycins structurally close to naturally occurring mitomycins; iii) mitomycin rearrangement, the interconversion between mitomycin A, albomitomycin A, and isomitomycin A;iv) chemical con-version of isomitomycin A from mitomycin A; v) 3α-alkoxymitomycins, unexpected by-products in decarbamoylation of mitomycins;vi) the configuration of mitiromycin.
A Near-Instantaneous Initialization Method for Attitude Determination (1990)

One characteristic that is desirable for any real-time attitude
determination scheme using differential GPS carrier phase
measurements is quick initialization to resolve carrier cycle
ambiguities. Such a characteristic adds robustness to the
scheme particularly when interruptions in signal tracking oc-
cur by allowing for prompt resumption of operation when-
ever the signal is reacquired. Most schemes available today
attempt to resolve the initial integer (cycle) ambiguities by
way of searching a limited domain of integer combinations.
However, if the antenna separation stretches to the order of
many wavelengths, this domain can become quite sizeable
thereby requiring a longer span of observation data. On the
other side of the coin, it is also important to maintain a wide
separation of the antennas in order to obtain sufficiently
good angular accuracies.
A novel approach is proposed in this paper to resolve the
initial integer ambiguities with a scheme drawn from a tech-
nique that originated in kinematic surveying called the an-
tenna exchange. Here, that technique is modified for situa-
tions where a platform is never stationary but is continually
in motion, an example of which may be a ship at sea, or a
structure in space. The added dimension of motion necessi-
tates the use of additional information to solve the problem.
The integer ambiguities are resolved instantaneously upon
completing the exchange procedure. The antenna separation
can be as wide as the physical complexities of the antenna ex-
change mechanism will allow. Simulation results verifying
the operation of this scheme are presented together with is-
sues of the antenna array design that will need to be consid-
ered.
Novel Hydroxide-Conducting Polyelectrolyte Composed of an Poly(arylene ether sulfone) Containing Pendant Quaternary Guanidinium Groups for Alkaline Fuel Cell Applications (2010)

Poly(arylene ether sulfone)s were functionalized with quaternary guanidinium groups in order to investigate their properties as novel polymeric hydroxide exchange membrane materials. The quaternized polymers were synthesized via chloromethylation of poly(arylene ether sulfone)s, followed by reactions with pentamethylguanidine. The resulting quaternized polymers PSGCl-x (where x represents the number of the quaternary guanidinium groups/repeat units) presented an elevated molecular weight and exhibited an outstanding solubility in polar aprotic solvents. Consequently flexible and tough membranes of PSGCl-x with varying ionic content could be prepared by casting from the DMSO solution. Novel anion exchange membranes, PSGOH-x, were obtained by an anion exchange of PSGCl-x with 1 M NaOH at room temperature. The membranes displayed a high ionic conductivity and an excellent chemical stability. The obtained alkaline anion exchange membranes (AEMs) showed conductivities almost above 10−2 S cm−1 at room temperature; the hydroxide conductivity of PSGOH-1.4 was for instance found to be 6.7 × 10−2 S cm−1.
A secure and unclonable embedded system using instruction-level PUF authentication (2014)

In this paper we present a secure and unclonable embedded system design that can target either an FPGA or an ASIC technology. The premise of the security is that the executed machine code and the executing environment (the embedded processor) will authenticate each other at a per-instruction basis using Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) that are built into the processor. The PUFs ensure that the execution of the binary code may only proceed if the binary is compiled with the correct intrinsic knowledge of the PUFs, and that such intrinsic knowledge is virtually unique to each processor and therefore unclonable. We will explain how to implement and integrate the PUFs into the processor's execution environment such that each instruction is authenticated and de-obfuscated on-demand and how to transform an ordinary binary executable into PUF-aware, obfuscated binaries. We will also present a prototype system on a Xilinx Spartan6-based FPGA board.
Estrogen replacement therapy mitigates the loss of joint cartilage proteoglycans and bone mineral density induced by ovariectomy and osteoarthritis (2003)

Abstract Aims: To investigate the effects of ovariectomy and estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) on the structural integrity and proteoglycan (PG) content of articular cartilage (AC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in an ovine model of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by meniscectomy. Method: Thirty aged ewes were used for the study. Six had ovariectomy alone (OVX), 6 meniscectomy alone (OA) and 12 ovariectomy and meniscectomy (OVX + OA). Six of the (OVX + OA) sheep received Femtran‐50 (3M) estrogen (50 µg/day) patches (OVX + OA + ERT). Six animals were used as non‐operated controls (NOC). Three months post‐surgery all animals were sacrificed, the stifle joints dissected through the site of lesions, and coronal sections of the lateral femoral condyle (LFC) and lateral tibial plateau (LTP) were cut which were each subdivided into inner (I), middle (M) and outer (O) zones. Toluidine blue stained sections were examined using a modified Mankin scoring system, and AC–PG content determined via computer image analysis. Results: There were no significant differences between lesion scores among the OA, OVX + OA and OVX + OA + ERT groups, yet all had significantly higher scores than NOC and OVX in each region ( P < 0.005). Computer image analysis of PG content in stained sections showed no difference between OVX and NOC. However, in LFC‐AC the loss of PG was highest in the OVX + OA group ( P < 0.005) compared to the NOC or OVX groups. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the LFC averaged for all zones was higher in the OVX + OA + ERT group than the OVX + OA group ( P < 0.02) with the most significant rise being in the I‐zone ( P < 0.002). Significantly in this same zone of the OVX + OA + ERT group the AC‐PG content was higher than in the corresponding zone of the OVX + OA group ( P < 0.05). Conclusions: While ERT did not reduce the focal AC lesions scores in the lateral compartment of this OA model it did mitigate the loss of PG from adjacent joint cartilage and increase the bone mineral density (BMD), especially in the I‐zone. These findings are consistent with epidemiological studies which suggest that ERT may slow the progression of OA in postmenopausal women.
Evidence that a point mutation in dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase confers resistance to pyrimethamine in falciparum malaria. (1988)

Analysis of a genetic cross of Plasmodium falciparum and of independent parasite isolates from Southeast Asia, Africa, and South America indicates that resistance to pyrimethamine, an antifolate used in the treatment of malaria, results from point mutations in the gene encoding dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (EC 1.5.1.3 and EC 2.1.1.45, respectively). Parasites having a mutation from Thr-108/Ser-108 to Asn-108 in DHFR-TS are resistant to the drug. The Asn-108 mutation occurs in a region analogous to the C alpha-helix bordering the active site cavity of bacterial, avian, and mammalian enzymes. Additional point mutations (Asn-51 to Ile-51 and Cys-59 to Arg-59) are associated with increased pyrimethamine resistance and also occur at sites expected to border the active site cavity. Analogies with known inhibitor/enzyme structures from other organisms suggest that the point mutations occur where pyrimethamine contacts the enzyme and may act by inhibiting binding of the drug.
An Environmental Solution to Help Reduce Freshwater Demands and Minimize Chemical Use (2012)

Abstract New technologies to reduce chemical exposure to personnel and the environment during fracturing operations are at the forefront of research and development efforts. Unconventional reservoir developments require large amounts of fresh water, sometimes up to 5 million gal to complete a well, leading to difficulty in water sourcing in remote locations or regions where droughts are persistent. Several new areas currently under consideration for shale exploration are in environmentally sensitive locations, making the water sourcing for fracturing operations even more critical. Freshwater use needs to be minimized, and a careful examination of current practices should be undertaken to reduce, eliminate, and recycle chemicals wherever possible. Furthermore, fracturing fluids essential for successful stimulation treatment should be comprised of chemicals adhering to environmentally acceptable standards. Recent developments have allowed one operator to minimize freshwater usage through recycling of their flowback and produced water using electrocoagulation (EC) technology. EC is a water-treatment process that removes colloidal solids through methods of coagulation, electroflotation, and settling. Unlike conventional water-treatment practices, such as reverse osmosis or distillation, EC generates relatively small quantities of waste, while leaving dissolved solids in the water. To ensure enough water was available for fracturing stimulation treatment, fresh make-up water was also used. This freshwater source was treated for bacteria using an ultraviolet (UV) trailer, which minimized the need for biocide on location. In addition, dry-blending technology was used to hydrate the gel without the aid of mineral oils. All of these processes were used to reduce the environmental impact on location. With increasing public scrutiny and concern over the practice of hydraulic fracturing in environmentally sensitive locations, fluid systems need to follow strict environmental guidelines. A new fluid system was developed with components from the US Code of Federal Regulations Title 21 (CFR 21), or the Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) affirmation process. While setting a high precedence by adhering to this environmental benchmark, the fluid performance was not compromised.
Nanoparticle-Containing Membranes for the Catalytic Reduction of Nitroaromatic Compounds (2009)

Layer-by-layer deposition of polyelectrolyte/metal nanoparticle films in porous alumina, track-etched polycarbonate, and nylon substrates yields catalytic membranes. With all three substrates, scanning electron microcopy images demonstrate a high density of well-separated nanoparticles in the membrane pores. These nanoparticles catalyze the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds by sodium borohydride with rate constants that are the same as those for nanoparticles immobilized on alumina powder. Moreover, the membranes selectively catalyze the reduction of nitro groups in compounds containing other reducible functionalities such as cyano, chloro, and styrenyl moieties. With nitrophenols and nitroanilines, the only reduction product is the corresponding amine. In contrast, nitrobenzene, nitrotoluenes, nitrobenzonitriles, chloronitrobenzenes, and m-nitrostyrene also form a nitroso product. Membrane catalysts are particularly attractive for controlling product distributions through variation of solution fluxes, as demonstrated by the formation of increased levels of nitroso compounds at high flux.
The Chemistry of Dichloromethane Destruction in Atmospheric-Pressure Gas Streams by a Dielectric Packed-Bed Plasma Reactor (2000)

The destruction of dichloromethane by a nonthermal plasma in atmospheric-pressure gas streams of nitrogen with variable amounts of added oxygen has been investigated. The identities and concentrations of the end products are determined by on-line FTIR spectroscopy, and the plasma chemistry is interpreted using a kinetic modeling scheme. Peak destructions of 20% are found for a deposited energy of 66 J L-1. The maximum dissociation is found for a carrier gas that contains 1−3% O2, and the dissociation is greater in pure nitrogen than in an air stream. The major end products of the processing are HCN, Cl2, and HCl in pure nitrogen and CO, COCl2, HCl, and Cl2 for gas streams containing oxygen. The plasma processing in streams containing oxygen also produces significant yields of nitrogen oxides. The mechanism of dichloromethane destruction in the plasma is predominantly oxidation initiated by atomic chlorine that is produced by collisions of dichloromethane with electronically excited nitrogen atoms and molecules. Because of low cross sections, electron attachment does not play a role in the destruction of dichloromethane. The addition of oxygen to the gas streams initially causes additional destruction from O and OH reactions, but further increase in the oxygen concentration causes inhibition of both the atomic chlorine cycle and the formation of NOx and a consequent reduction in dichloromethane destruction.
Bioinspired Total Synthesis and Human Proteasome Inhibitory Activity of (−)-Salinosporamide A, (−)-Homosalinosporamide A, and Derivatives Obtained via Organonucleophile Promoted Bis-cyclizations (2010)

A full account of concise, enantioselective syntheses of the anticancer agent (-)-salinosporamide A and derivatives, including (-)-homosalinosporamide, that was inspired by biosynthetic considerations is described. The brevity of the synthetic strategy stems from a key bis-cyclization of a β-keto tertiary amide, which retains optical purity enabled by A(1,3)-strain rendering slow epimerization relative to the rate of bis-cyclization. Optimization studies of the key bis-cyclization, enabled through byproduct isolation and characterization, are described that ultimately allowed for a gram scale synthesis of a versatile bicyclic core structure with a high degree of stereoretention. An optimized procedure for zincate generation by the method of Knochel, generally useful for the synthesis of salino A derivatives, led to dramatic improvements in side-chain attachment and a novel diastereomer of salino A. The versatility of the described strategy is demonstrated by the synthesis of designed derivatives including (-)-homosalinosporamide A. Inhibition of the human 20S and 26S proteasome by these derivatives using an enzymatic assay are also reported. The described total synthesis of salino A raises interesting questions regarding how biosynthetic enzymes leading to the salinosporamides proceeding via optically active β-keto secondary amides, are able to maintain the stereochemical integrity at the labile C2 stereocenter or if a dynamic kinetic resolution is operative.