gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A preliminary study of the effect of probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 on oral malodour parameters (2006)

The outcome of this preliminary study indicates that the replacement of bacteria implicated in halitosis by colonization with competitive bacteria such as S. salivarius K12 may provide an effective strategy to reduce the severity of halitosis.
Penumbra (2003)

Eclipse is a full-featured and easily extensible integrated development environment. As such, it has grown to include a large degree of functionality that may be overwhelming to the novice programmer. Nevertheless, we believe Eclipse is an environment that students of programming will come to find useful and empowering once they become familiar with it. The trick is easing them into using Eclipse without them feeling overwhelmed at the outset. Penumbra is an Eclipse plug-in developed at Purdue University for use in our introductory programming classes. It is intended to ease the transition to use of the full-featured functionality of Eclipse. Penumbra presents an Eclipse perspective that hides all but the basic actions of Eclipse's existing Java perspective, while packaging elements of other perspectives (e.g., the CVS perspective) into simpler actions that ease the downloading and turn-in of programming assignments, and adding new code views inspired by other environments for introductory programmers. Our experiences using Eclipse with a small group of introductory programming students in the Spring of 2003 have guided the development of Penumbra, which is now being rolled out for general use by the full class of 230 students in the Fall of 2003.
Automatic generation of short answer questions for reading comprehension assessment (2016)

Abstract Writing items for reading comprehension assessment is time-consuming. Automating part of the process can help test-designers to develop assessments more efficiently and consistently. This paper presents an approach to automatically generating short answer questions for reading comprehension assessment. Our major contribution is to introduce Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) as the linguistic framework for question generation, which enables systematic utilization of semantic and syntactic information. The approach can efficiently generate questions of better quality than previous high-performing question generation systems, and uses paraphrasing and sentence selection to improve the cognitive complexity and effectiveness of questions.
Heterogeneity of estrogen binding sites in the cytosol of the rat uterus (1978)

Saturation analysis over a wide range of [3H]estradiol concentrations (0.05 to 80 IBM) yields data indicative of two distinct types of binding sites in cytosol prepared from uteri of mature or immature rats. Type I sites have a dissociation constant (&) of 0.8 nM and constitute approximately 1.0 pmol of the sites present in an immature rat uterus (wet weight, 35 mg; DNA, 300 pg). The affinity of type II sites for estradiol is considerably lower than type I sites (Kd, 30 IBM); however, the numbers of sites are 4-fold greater than type I. Type I sites represent the classical estrogen receptor which has a sedimentation coefficient of 8 S on low salt sucrose density gradients and will undergo translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. In contrast, type II sites do not translocate to the nucleus and [3H]estradiol dissociates from these sites when cytosol is labeled prior to sucrose density gradient centrifugation. However, type II sites are readily measured as a 4 S macromolecule by the hydroxylapatite adsorption assay of postlabeled gradient fractions. This technique permits the measurement of both 8 and 4 S sites under equilibrium conditions and thus avoids underestimates due to dissociation of C3H]estradiol from both sites during the centrifugation period. This postlabeled hydroxylapatite-gradient method should be of value in the accurate determination of the quantities of both 8 and 4 S binding sites in all receptor systems and should be particularly valuable for measuring these sites in biopsy samples of mammary cancer tissue. Type II sites are found predominantly in estrogen-sensitive tissues and only low levels occur in nontarget tissues. Estradiol, estrone, estriol, and diethylstilbestrol compete equally well for binding to type II sites while progesterone and testosterone have no effect on [3H]estradiol binding. These characteristics, plus the presence of these sites in adult tissues, exclude the possibility that they represent a-fetoprotein. The presence of type II sites complicates the accurate measurement and differentiation of type I sites. Valid estimates of binding parameters of both sites can be obtained by saturation analysis over a wide range of [3H]estradiol concentrations and resolution of the two binding components by the methods of Scatchard and Rosenthal (Scatchard, G. (1949) Ann. N. Y. Acud Sci. 51, 660-672; Rosenthal, H. E. (1967) Anal. Biochem. 48,317-338). The function of this second
EWS/Fli-1 chimeric protein is a transcriptional activator. (1993)

Fli-1, an ets related gene, was found to be rearranged in 75% of erythroleukemias induced by Friend murine leukemia virus. We have shown previously that the Fli-1 gene codes for a sequence specific transcriptional activator which contains two autonomous transcriptional activation domains, one at the amino terminal region and the other at the carboxy terminal region. Recently human Fli-1 gene was shown to be involved in Ewing's sarcoma and related subtypes of primitive neuroectodermal tumors which share t(11;22) (q24;q12) chromosome translocation. In these tumors the carboxyl terminal region of Fli-1 was found to be fused with the amino terminal region of a putative RNA binding protein, EWS. Because part of the amino terminal transcriptional activation domain of Fli-1 was replaced with the amino terminal domain of the EWS (NTD-EWS) which shares homology with RNA polymerase II, it was speculated that NTD-EWS may interfere with RNA pol II function. Alternatively, NTD-EWS could also contribute to the transcriptional activation function of EWS/Fli-1 chimeric protein by providing either a modulatory/regulatory domain or a novel transcriptional activation domain. Here we show that EWS/Fli-1 chimeric protein functions as a transcriptional activator. Deletion analysis reveals that the EWS domain functions as a modulatory/regulatory domain for the transcriptional activation properties of the carboxy terminal transcriptional activation domain of EWS/Fli-1. We therefore propose that replacement of the amino terminal transcriptional activation domain of the Fli-1 protein with the regulatory domain of NTD-EWS results in the activation of the carboxy terminal transcriptional activation domain of Fli-1 which may be the molecular mechanism involved in these human tumors.
The potato eelworm hatching factor. 5. Attempts to prepare artificial hatching agents. Part I. Some furan derivatives (1949)

Research Article| January 01 1949 The potato eelworm hatching factor. 5. Attempts to prepare artificial hatching agents. Part I. Some furan derivatives P. B. Russell; P. B. Russell 1Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar A. R. Todd; A. R. Todd 1Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar W. S. Waring W. S. Waring 1Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1949) 45 (5): 530–532. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0450530 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation P. B. Russell, A. R. Todd, W. S. Waring; The potato eelworm hatching factor. 5. Attempts to prepare artificial hatching agents. Part I. Some furan derivatives. Biochem J 1 January 1949; 45 (5): 530–532. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0450530 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search © 1949 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1949 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Application of Translation Knowledge Acquired by Hierarchical Phrase Alignment for Pattern-based MT (2002)

Hierarchical phrase alignment is a method for extracting equivalent phrases from bilingual sentences, even though they belong to different language families. The method automatically extracts transfer knowledge from about 125K English and Japanese bilingual sentences and then applies it to a pattern-based MT system. The translation quality is then evaluated. The knowledge needs to be cleaned, since the corpus contains various translations and the phrase alignment contains errors. Various cleaning methods are applied in this paper. The results indicate that when the best cleaning method is used, the knowledge acquired by hierarchical phrase alignment is comparable to manually acquired knowledge. 1
Vocoders: Analysis and synthesis of speech (1966)

Techniques for analysis and synthesis of speech signals are reviewed with emphasis on vocoders and related devices for more efficient transmission and storage of speech. Selected applications of speech coding methods as sensory aids to the handicapped are described.
Associated effects of bromocriptine on neoplastic progression of mouse mammary preneoplastic hyperplastic alveolar nodule line C4 and on hyperplastic alveolar nodule-infiltrating and splenic lymphocyte function. (1992)

Progression of the mouse mammary preneoplastic hyperplastic alveolar nodule (HAN) line C4 to carcinoma can be enhanced by stimulators and depressed by inhibitors of host lymphocyte function (W.Z. Wei et al., Cancer Res., 49: 2709-2715, 1989). The purpose of the present study was to ask whether prolactin (PRL), a regulator of both mammary epithelial and lymphoid cells, might be a factor in the association between lymphocytic function and HAN progression. Daily administration of bromocriptine, a suppressor of pituitary PRL secretion, increased the latency period and decreased the incidence of tumor development in HAN bearing mice. Bromocriptine treatment suppressed in vitro responsiveness of HAN-infiltrating lymphocytes and, to some extent, spleen cells, to T- and B-cell mitogens, without altering the relative proportion of lymphocytic subsets. Suppression could be partially reversed by PRL treatment. Natural killer cell activity of HAN-infiltrating lymphocytes was also reduced by bromocriptine. In vitro incubation with anti-PRL antisera inhibited both lymphocyte mitogen responsiveness and natural killer activity in a concentration-dependent manner. PRL reversed this inhibition also. Altogether, these results demonstrate a correlation among tumor development, PRL levels, and lymphocyte function and suggest that an immune-endocrine network involving PRL may play a role in C4 HAN progression.
Antibodies to Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type III Demonstrated by a Dot Immunobinding Assay (1985)

A dot immunobinding (DIB) technique was applied to the demonstration of antibodies to human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III). By this technique IgG antibodies to HTLV-III were demonstrated in six of six Swedish patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and in 37 of 39 (95%) Swedish homosexual men with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy but in none of 50 Swedish healthy blood donors. Findings obtained by this method showed complete concordance with those obtained by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All sera positive by DIB were also positive by Western blotting. The DIB assay is simple and well suited for screening of sera for HTLV-III antibodies.
LXXVII. A method for the measurement of the dielectric properties of liquids in the frequency range 600–3,200 Mc./sec. (50-9·4 cm.) (1946)

Summary The paper describes a method of measuring the dielectric properties of liquids in the frequency range 600–3,200 Mc./sec. by modification of a technique for the measurement of solid dielectrics using a cylindrical cavity resonator(1). The liquid is supported within the resonator in a thin-walled bottle, the effect of which is allowed for in the expressions for the permittivity and tan δ value of the liquid. By use of bottles of appropriate size measurements are possible over a wide range of permittivity and tan δ values.
Video Holographic Interferometry (1987)

A description is given of the history and principal developers of the technique of T.V. Holographic Interferometry. The principles of the method are next outlined and recent work involving the use of pulsed holographic lasers combined with a C.O.D. video holographic interferometer is described as applied to the study of automobile disk brakes rotor vibrations. Finally, an account is given of future trends and developments in this area of optical technology.
Bacterial desorption by commercial mouthwashes<i>vs</i>two‐phase oil: Water formulations (1991)

During the past eight years, various investigators have shown that oral microorganisms tend to have hydrophobic surface properties. Most oral microorganisms isolated directly from the oral cavity, as well as many oral laboratory strains, adhere to oil droplets. The authors have recently shown that certain concentrations of the cationic antibacterial agents, i.e. cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and chlorhexidine (CHX) promote binding of oral and other microorganisms to oil droplets. This has resulted in development of novel aqueous: oil two‐phase mouthwashes containing CPC and/or CHX. In the present manuscript, two such formulations were compared with other commercial mouthwashes for their ability to desorb microorganisms from a solid surface (polystyrene). Of the various mouthrinses tested, only the oil: water formulations efficiently removed the adherent bacterial layer. The data suggest that oil: water mouthwashes may have desorption properties superior to those of many commercial mouthwashes.
Patient-cooperative strategies for robot-aided treadmill training: first experimental results (2005)

Task-oriented repetitive movements can improve motor performance in patients with neurological or orthopaedic lesions. The application of robotics and automation technology can serve to assist, enhance, evaluate, and document neurological and orthopedic rehabilitation. This paper deals with the application of "patient-cooperative" techniques to robot-aided gait rehabilitation of neurological disorders. We define patient-cooperative to mean that, during movement, the technical system takes into account the patient's intention and voluntary efforts rather than imposing any predefined movements or inflexible strategies. It is hypothesized that such cooperative robotic approaches can improve the therapeutic outcome compared to classical rehabilitation strategies. New cooperative strategies are presented that detect the patient's voluntary efforts. First, this enables the patient increased freedom of movement by a certain amount of robot compliance. Second, the robot behavior adapts to the existing voluntary motor abilities. And third, the robotic system displays and improves the patient contribution by visual biofeedback. Initial experimental results are presented to evaluate the basic principle and technical function of proposed approaches. Further improvements of the technical design and additional clinical testing is required to prove whether the therapeutic outcome can be enhanced by such cooperative strategies.
<b>Reciprocal regulation of distinct asparagine synthetase genes by light and metabolites in</b><i><b>Arabidopsis thaliana</b></i> (1998)

In plants, the amino acid asparagine serves as an important nitrogen transport compound whose levels are dramatically regulated by light in many plant species, including Arabidopsis thaliana. To elucidate the mechanisms regulating the flux of assimilated nitrogen into asparagine, we examined the regulation of the gene family for asparagine synthetase in Arabidopsis. In addition to the previously identified ASN1 gene, we identified a novel class of asparagine synthetase genes in Arabidopsis (ASN2 and ASN3) by functional complementation of a yeast asparagine auxotroph. The proteins encoded by the ASN2/3 cDNAs contain a Pur-F type glutamine-binding triad suggesting that they, like ASN1, encode glutamine-dependent asparagine synthetase isoenzymes. However, the ASN2/3 isoenzymes form a novel dendritic group with monocot AS genes which is distinct from all other dicot AS genes including Arabidopsis ASN1. In addition to these distinctions in sequence, the ASN1 and ASN2 genes are reciprocally regulated by light and metabolites. Time-course experiments reveal that light induces levels of ASN2 mRNA while it represses levels of ASN1 mRNA in a kinetically reciprocal fashion. Moreover, the levels of ASN2 and ASN1 mRNA are also reciprocally regulated by carbon and nitrogen metabolites. The distinct regulation of ASN1 and ASN2 genes combined with their distinct encoded isoenzymes suggest that they may play different roles in nitrogen metabolism, as discussed in this paper.
Murine anti-human IL-6 monoclonal antibody prolongs the half-life in circulating blood and thus prolongs the bioactivity of human IL-6 in mice. (1991)

Human interleukin-6 (hIL-6) injected into mice increases antigen-specific antibody production. In the present study, we examined the possibility that anti-hIL-6 murine monoclonal antibody (MH-166) could neutralize this hIL-6 activity in vivo. Although MH166 completely neutralized hIL-6 activity in vitro, treatment in vivo with hIL-6 and MH166 combined unexpectedly increased both anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) and anti-sheep red blood cell (SRBC) antibody production more than treatment with IL-6 alone did. To explain this phenomenon, the serum hIL-6 level was monitored following the MH166 administration. The hIL-6 level was significantly higher in the mice treated with both hIL-6 and MH166 than in the mice treated with hIL-6 alone during the 24 hr following hIL-6 administration. These results indicate that MH166 prolongs half-life of a xenogeneic hIL-6.
ESTEROLYTIC ACTIVITY OF ELASTASE (1969)

The esters of L-alanine were found to be excellent substrates for elastase. The pH-dependence study using two methyl esters of this substrate showed the participation in the mechanism of an ionizing group with an apparent pK of 6.85 and a decrease of the activity at pH's greater than 10 (that could correspond to an apparent pK of 11.4).
Phase-matched second-harmonic generation in a four-layered polymeric waveguide (1994)

Phase-matched second-harmonic generation is demonstrated in a four-layered polymeric waveguide structure. The waveguide consists of a glass substrate, a nonlinear-optical active poled polymer with a passive polymer as the waveguide core, and an air cover. The study of the linear-optical properties of this waveguide structure shows the possibility of substantially reducing the waveguide propagation loss. Second-harmonic generation experiments in transmission format show no loss in second-order susceptibility for the poled polymer layer after addition of the passive polymer layer. The independent variation of the thickness of the two polymer layers allows for simultaneous phase matching and tailoring of the second-order nonlinear-optical susceptibility for the optimal overlap integral of the fundamental and the second-harmonic modal field in the waveguide.
Chiral Bis(oxazoline)copper(II) Complexes as Lewis Acid Catalysts for the Enantioselective Diels−Alder Reaction (1999)

Bis(oxazoline)copper(II) complexes are highly enantioselective catalysts in Diels−Alder reactions involving bidentate dienophiles. Cationic [Cu((S,S)-t-Bu-box)]X2 complexes with different counterions have been used as catalysts, revealing a profound influence of the counterion on the rate and stereoselectivity of the catalyst. A square-planar catalyst−substrate complex is proposed to account for the high diastereo- and enantioselectivities observed. Three bis(oxazoline)−Cu(II) X-ray structures have been obtained that support this model. Double-stereodifferentiating experiments, performed employing chiral dienophiles, afforded results that are fully consistent with the proposed square-planar transition-state assemblage. In addition to imide-based substrates, α,β-unsaturated thiazolidine-2-thiones have been introduced as a new class of dienophiles with enhanced reactivity. Kinetics experiments were performed to quantify the role that product inhibition plays in the course of the reaction. Rate and equilibrium binding constants of various catalyst inhibitors were also derived from the kinetic analysis. A comparative study was undertaken to elucidate the differences between the bis(oxazoline)−Cu(II) catalyst and the bis(oxazoline) catalysts derived from Fe(III), Mg(II), and Zn(II). Catalyst performance was found to be a function of a subtle relationship between bis(oxazoline) structure and transition metal.
Effects on growth performance, faecal microflora and plasma cholesterol after feeding with spraydried metabolite in postweaning rats. (2009)

A study was conducted to study the effects of feeding a spray-dried metabolite (SDM) produced by Lb. plantarum I-UL4 in the diets of postweaning rats on growth performance, faecal pH, Enterobacteriaceae bacterial and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts in the faeces and on plasma cholesterol concentrations. A total of 15 female 4-weeks-old Sprague dawley rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups of diets: basal diet (control), 0.25% SDM and 0.5% SDM diets. Daily feed intake, daily growth rate, blood plasma for total cholesterol concentration and faecal Enterobacteriaceae and LAB were measured. The growth rate, total feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and pH were not significantly different (P > 0.05) among all the treatment groups. The faecal Enterobacteriaceae counts in the 0.25% and 0.5% groups were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than in the control group. However, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the LAB counts among all the treatment groups. The plasma cholesterol concentration was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) following the feeding of the metabolite. The control had the highest concentration of cholesterol. However, the 0.5% SDM group had the lowest plasma cholesterol concentration, followed by the 0.25% SDM group.
The Laboratory School Protocol (2006)

The LSP can be modified to form either an Adult Workplace Environment or a Preschool Assessment Laboratory.