gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of contact angles and solid surface tensions of poly(4-X-styrene) films (1998)

Low-rate dynamic contact angles of water, glycerol and methylene iodide on polystyrene and poly(4-(X = CH3, (CH3)3, Cl, OH)-styrene) films were measured by axisymmetric drop shape analysis-profile (ADSA-P) for sessile drops. It was found that glycerol in the case of poly(4-chlorostyrene) and methylene iodide on all investigated surfaces did not yield constant contact angles: dissolving of the polymer during the contact with the liquid, penetration effects and stick/slip behavior were found. Water and glycerol yielded meaningful constant contact angles (except for glycerol on poly(4-chlorostyrene), for which we used formamide additionally). From these meaningful contact angles the solid surface tensions of the modified polymers were calculated using the equation of state approach [6]. The following values of γsv were determined: polystyrene γsv = 28.3 mJ/m2, poly(4-methylstyrene) γsv = 25.8 mJ/m2, poly(4-tert-butylstyrene) γsv = 22.0 mJ/m2, poly(4-hydroxystyrene) γsv = 44.1 mJ/m2, poly(4-chlorostyrene) γsv = 27.2 mJ/m2.
Urinary monitoring of saccharin and acesulfame-K as biomarkers of exposure to these additives (1999)

A method was developed to determine the levels of two intense sweeteners, saccharin and acesulfame-K, in human urine. Measurement of these two analytes in urine allowed an assessment to be made of dietary exposure to the sweeteners using intake/excretion curves. This paper describes an intake/excretion study in which 22 volunteers consumed known amounts of saccharin and acesulfame-K at five different levels ranging between 1.4 and 70 mg of saccharin (0.7-30% of the ADI for a 60 kg person) and 2.2-102 mg of acesulfame-K (0.4-19% of the ADI for a 60 kg person). Urine collections were then carried out by the volunteers for 24 h after each dose. The data obtained from this study were used to construct intake/excretion curves for both sweeteners. To test the methodology developed, 188 volunteers aged between 3 and 74 years were asked to carry out a 24-h urine collection whilst keeping a 48-h food diary. Comparison of the intake data obtained using the biomarker approach with the questionnaire-based results was generally good, although discrepancies due to the format and assessment of the questionnaire data were noticed.
Three-Dimensional Ordering of Molecules:  <i>p</i>-Nitroaniline in Aligned ZSM-5 Single Crystals (1997)

Single-crystal zeolites can be aligned in silicon grooves with a surface coverage of more than 50%. The crystals are fixed to the substrate with tetramethoxysilane. Access to the microporous system is checked with N2 adsorption measurements. Two different types of ZSM-5 zeolites are used to realize a three-dimensional ordering of p-nitroaniline (PNA). Coupled thermogravimetry/FTIR reveals a loading of PNA in ZSM-5 of 8 wt %, which amounts to almost four molecules/unit cell. FTIR spectra of PNA adsorbed into ZSM-5 zeolites best resemble single-crystal PNA. Polarization dependent photoluminescence experiments at 4.5 K reveal a high degree of orientation of the molecules. Slight differences in the synthesis condition of the two types are responsible for the different peaks at 522 and 560 nm in the emission spectrum.
Optimal selection of households for direct marketing by joint modeling of the probability and quantity of response (2006)

We present several methods for the maximization of expected profits when households are selected from a mailing list for a direct mail campaign. The response elicited from the campaign can vary over households, as is the case with fund raising or mail order selling. The decisions taken by the household are (a) whether to respond and, in the case of response, (b) the quantity of response, e.g. the sum donated or the monetary amount of the order. We jointly model both decisions and derive a number of profit maximizing selection methods. We empirically illustrate the methods using a data set from a charitable foundation. It appears that modeling both aspects of the response yields considerably higher profits relative to selection methods that are based on solely modeling the response probability.
Diagnostic Tools for Multivariable Model-Based Control Systems (1997)

In this paper we propose a set of diagnostic tools that can be used for detecting and estimating the causes for performance degradation in multivariable model-based control systems. Two simple diagnostic tests are proposed, on the basis of prediction error analysis, to detect the performance degradation and bifurcate the potential causes for the degradation. These tests are useful for narrowing down the list of potential causes for performance degradation. For detailed fault estimation, we propose to use a stochastic model based on Gaussian-sum statistics. The optimal estimation for this model requires a bank of a growing number of filters and is computationally intractable. To propose a practical solution, we combine the different suboptimal approaches in the literature. The results of the diagnosis can be used for alerting the operators about the potential faults and for adapting the controllers.
A Transmission-Line Based Technique for De-Embedding Noise Parameters (2007)

A transmission line-based de-embedding technique for on-wafer S-parameter measurements is extended to the noise parameters of MOSFETs and HBTs. Since it accounts for the distributed effects of interconnect lines and for the pad-interconnect discontinuity, it is expected to yield more accurate results at high frequencies than existing approaches. Furthermore, by requiring only two transmission line test structures to de-embed all test structures in a (Bi)CMOS process, it is one of the most area-efficient. Experimental validation is provided on SiGe HBTs and on 90 nm and 130 nm n-MOSFETs and its accuracy is compared with that of other lumped or distributed de-embedding techniques.
Organic Chemistry of Ferrocene. II. The Preparation of Ferrocenyl Aliphatic (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganic Chemistry of Ferrocene. II. The Preparation of Ferrocenyl AliphaticKenneth J. Rinehart Jr., Ronald J. Curby Jr., and Phillip E. SokolCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 13, 3420–3424Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01570a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01570a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views993Altmetric-Citations107LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High level expression of the HMGI (Y) gene during embryonic development. (1996)

The HMGI protein family includes three proteins, named HMG-I, HMG-Y and HMGI-C. The first two proteins are coded for by the same gene, HMGI (Y), through an alternative splicing mechanism. Their expression is elevated in neoplastic tissues and cells and this overexpression has a causal role in the process of cellular neoplastic transformation. We demonstrate that the HMGI (Y) gene is expressed at very low levels in normal adult tissues, whereas in embryonic tissues it is expressed at high levels comparable to those detected in neoplastic tissues. Specifically, a very high expression of the HMGI (Y) gene was detected in all embryonic tissues at 8.5 dpc. Then in the following days, even though the gene is expressed essentially in all tissues, an abundant gene expression was restricted to some tissues. These results indicate an important role of the HMGI (Y) gene in development.
Le milieu baptiste de Jean le Précurseur (1973)

La communauté de Qumrân a connu divers stades de son évolution doctrinale auxquels correspondent divers strates de ses écrits. Tout au long de cette transformation l'accent s'est déplacé d'un des grands points de doctrine : dualisme, eschatologie, messianisme sur un autre. Jean-Baptiste est contemporain de la période II de la Secte. Cette période est caractérisée par un afflux pharisien et zélote tendant à situation pose au groupe des impératifs infléchir les aspirations sadocites. La nouveaux : 1) besoin de préciser les conditions avant tout morales et cultuelles de la sainteté sadocite à rencontre d'une tendance au formalisme ; 2) nécessité d'accorder la doctrine de purification à la pensée dualiste ; 3) souci d'harmoniser le patrimoine pharisien et les exigences du rite essénien librement accepté. Aussi tout jugement conclusif sur Jean-Baptiste et l'essénisme contemporain demeure prématuré. Malgré les apparences profondes et le voisinage de Qumrân et le lieu de prédication du Précurseur, la doctrine de ce dernier n'est pas celle d'un épigone, et elle se rapproche davantage de l'ancien essénisme sacerdotal.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Novel Series of Thieno[3,2‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐(3H)‐ones. (2010)

Abstract The title heterocycles can serve as scaffolds for new biologically active substances including the free amino group for further derivatization.
Integrated antennas on Si, proton-implanted Si and Si-on-quartz (2002)

High performance antennas have been realized on proton-implanted Si with 10/sup 6/ /spl Omega/-cm resistivity. Sharp antenna resonance and low loss up to 20 GHz are observed indicating excellent antenna quality. In contrast, very poor antenna characteristics are found on conventional oxide-isolated Si because of the lossy substrate.
The Role of the Popes in the Invention of Complementarity and the Vatican’s Anathematization of Gender (2016)

This article examines the origins and uses by the Vatican of the theological anthropology of complementarity, arguing that the doctrine of complementarity, under which the sexes are essentially different though not unequal, is an invention of the twentieth century untraceable in earlier centuries, but developed by, among others, the Popes from Pius XII through Benedict XVI, in part as a response to feminist claims, including those recently anathematized by the Vatican under the term ‘gender.’ After exploring some difficulties with the application of the doctrine of complementarity as Catholic orthodoxy, the article concludes by compiling preliminary evidence as to the extent Pope Francis will continue his predecessors’ approach to complementarity.
An artificial neural network-based real time maximum power tracking controller for connecting a PV system to the grid (2002)

This work deals with the application of a neural network-based controller for tracking the point of maximum power of a photovoltaic (PV) system interconnected to the utility grid. The neural network is used to identify, in real time, the voltage for maximum output power of the system. The controller, through the information supplied by the neural network, generates a control signal that will be applied to a DC/DC (boost) converter in such a way to take the voltage of the system to a value which guarantees the operation of the PV system at maximum power. The boost converter duty-cycle is generated by a PI controller based on the information supplied by the neural network. In order to connect the PV system to the electric distribution system a three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) is used operating with optimized sinusoidal PWM strategy with harmonics elimination at the output voltage up to the 17/sup th/ harmonic. The inverter uses IGBT as power switches, and is microcontroller operated.
NorM, a Putative Multidrug Efflux Protein, of <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> and Its Homolog in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1998)

We found that cells of Vibrio parahaemolyticus possess an energy-dependent efflux system for norfloxacin. We cloned a gene for a putative norfloxacin efflux protein from the chromosomal DNA of V. parahaemolyticus by using an Escherichia coli mutant lacking the major multidrug efflux system AcrAB as the host and sequenced the gene (norM). Cells of E. coli transformed with a plasmid carrying the norM gene showed elevated energy-dependent efflux of norfloxacin. The transformants showed elevated resistance not only to norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin but also to the structurally unrelated compounds ethidium, kanamycin, and streptomycin. These results suggest that this is a multidrug efflux system. The hydropathy pattern of the deduced amino acid sequence of NorM suggested the presence of 12 transmembrane domains. The deduced primary structure of NorM showed 57% identity and 88% similarity with that of a hypothetical E. coli membrane protein, YdhE. No reported drug efflux protein in the sequence databases showed significant sequence similarity with NorM. Thus, NorM seems to be a novel type of multidrug efflux protein. We cloned the ydhE gene from E. coli. Cells of E. coli transformed with the cloned ydhE gene showed elevated resistance to norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, acriflavine, and tetraphenylphosphonium ion, but not to ethidium, when MICs were measured. Thus, it seems that NorM and YdhE differ somehow in substrate specificity.
Virtual keyboard BCI using Eye blinks in EEG (2010)

A Brain Computer Interface (BCI) provides a new communication channel between human brain and the computer. This paper is concentrated on developing a BCI system, a Virtual Keyboard using the LabVIEW platform. The Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal contains the technical artifacts (noise from the electric power source, amplitude artifact, etc.) and biological artifacts (eye artifacts, ECG and EMG artifacts). Eye blink is one of the main artifacts in the EEG signal. But in this context the Eye blinks are not artifacts and are control signals to select the blocks/characters in the Virtual Keyboard. The kurtosis coefficient and amplitude characteristics of the eye blink signals are used to detect the control signals.
Paper-Based RNA Extraction, <i>in Situ</i> Isothermal Amplification, and Lateral Flow Detection for Low-Cost, Rapid Diagnosis of Influenza A (H1N1) from Clinical Specimens (2015)

The 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) pandemic disproportionately affected the developing world and highlighted the key inadequacies of traditional diagnostic methods that make them unsuitable for use in resource-limited settings, from expensive equipment and infrastructure requirements to unacceptably long turnaround times. While rapid immunoassay diagnostic tests were much less costly and more context-appropriate, they suffered from drastically low sensitivities and high false negative rates. An accurate, sensitive, and specific molecular diagnostic that is also rapid, low-cost, and independent of laboratory infrastructure is needed for effective point-of-care detection and epidemiological control in these developing regions. We developed a paper-based assay that allows for the extraction and purification of RNA directly from human clinical nasopharyngeal specimens through a poly(ether sulfone) paper matrix, H1N1-specific in situ isothermal amplification directly within the same paper matrix, and immediate visual detection on lateral flow strips. The complete sample-to-answer assay can be performed at the point-of-care in just 45 min, without the need for expensive equipment or laboratory infrastructure, and it has a clinically relevant viral load detection limit of 10(6) copies/mL, offering a 10-fold improvement over current rapid immunoassays.
Creatine kinase isoenzyme MB in myocardial infarction: methods compared. (1977)

Several methods are available for specifically identifying and assessing the activity of MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase in serum. We compared two electrophoretic techniques with three column-chromatographic ones for efficacy in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. No technique was considered absolute, but we found surprisingly large errors of diagnosis in the column-chromatographic techniques, attributable to incomplete elution.
Cohort Comparison of Event Sequences with Balanced Integration of Visual Analytics and Statistics (2015)

Finding the differences and similarities between two datasets is a common analytics task. With temporal event sequence data, this task is complex because of the many ways single events and event sequences can differ between the two datasets (or cohorts) of records: the structure of the event sequences (e.g., event order, co-occurring events, or event frequencies), the attributes of events and records (e.g., patient gender), or metrics about the timestamps themselves (e.g., event duration). In exploratory analyses, running statistical tests to cover all cases is time-consuming and determining which results are significant becomes cumbersome. Current analytics tools for comparing groups of event sequences emphasize a purely statistical or purely visual approach for comparison. This paper presents a taxonomy of metrics for comparing cohorts of temporal event sequences, showing that the problem-space is bounded. We also present a visual analytics tool, CoCo (for "Cohort Comparison"), which implements balanced integration of automated statistics with an intelligent user interface to guide users to significant, distinguishing features between the cohorts. Lastly, we describe two early case studies: the first with a research team studying medical team performance in the emergency department and the second with pharmacy researchers.
Survival differences related to estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) polymorphism and age in female patients with metastatic colon cancer (2004)

3618 Background: Estrogen replacement therapy decreases the risk of colon cancer in postmenopausal women. ERβ, not ERα, is expressed in the colon. ERβ function in colon tissue has been linked with tumor development, apoptosis and prognostic markers. ERβ gene contains a polymorphic dinucleotide CA repeat in the 3' noncoding region which is associated with hormone levels in females. Analysis was done on metastatic colon cancer patients to determine: 1) Whether ERβ polymorphism are associated with survival 2) if a difference in survival between young (pre-menopausal) and old (post-menopausal) patients exists. Methods: A population of 388 patients with metastatic colon cancer collected from 1997 to 2003 was selected for by age. The age extremes were selected because estrogen levels were important for this study and menopause will affect hormone levels. 29 patients of young age (<40 years) were identified, 17 pre-menopausal females and 12 males. In the older population (>65 years) there were 82 patients, 33 post-menopausal females and 49 males. Genomic DNA from blood or paraffin embedded tissue was analyzed by 5'-end 33P-rATP labeled PCR to assess the number of CA repeats in the ERβ gene. Results: 1) Women with one or more alleles containing ≤ 18 CA repeats had a 32.1 month median survival while those with both alleles >18 CA repeats had a 19.4 month median survival (p=0.007). Women with both alleles >18 CA repeats had a relative risk of dying 3.12 times that of the other group. 2) There was a significant difference in overall survival among women less than 40 years of age (median survival, 18.7 months) compared with women over 65 years of age (median survival, 30.7 months) (p=0.014), suggesting that younger women have a more aggressive form of disease. Conclusion: Women with metastatic colon cancer that have at least one allele with ≤ 18 CA repeats have better overall survival than those with both alleles >18 CA repeats. Women with metastatic colon cancer under age 40 had a lower overall survival than women with metastatic colon cancer over age 65. This data supports a role for ERβ and estrogens as prognostic markers in colon cancer development. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Chiron
<i>Escherichia coli</i>strain Nissle 1917—from bench to bedside and back: history of a special<i>Escherichia coli</i>strain with probiotic properties (2016)

Among the gram-negative microorganisms with probiotic properties, Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (briefly EcN) is probably the most intensively investigated bacterial strain today. Since nearly 100 years, the EcN strain is used as the active pharmaceutical ingredient in a licensed medicinal product that is distributed in Germany and several other countries. Over the last few decades, novel probiotic activities have been detected, which taken together are specific of this versatile E. coli strain. This review gives a short overview on the discovery and history of the EcN strain.
Conformational changes of glucose/galactose‐binding protein illuminated by open, unliganded, and ultra‐high‐resolution ligand‐bound structures (2007)

D-Glucose/D-Galactose-binding protein (GGBP) mediates chemotaxis toward and active transport of glucose and galactose in a number of bacterial species. GGBP, like other periplasmic binding proteins, can exist in open (ligand-free) and closed (ligand-bound) states. We report a 0.92 angstroms resolution structure of GGBP from Escherichia coli in the glucose-bound state and the first structure of an open, unbound form of GGBP (at 1.55 angstroms resolution). These structures vary in the angle between the two structural domains; the observed difference of 31 degrees arises from torsion angle changes in a three-segment hinge. A comparison with the closely related periplasmic receptors, ribose- and allose-binding proteins, shows that the GGBP hinge residue positions that undergo the largest conformational changes are different. Furthermore, the high-quality data collected for the atomic resolution glucose-bound structure allow for the refinement of specific hydrogen atom positions, the assignment of alternate side chain conformations, the first description of CO(2) trapped after radiation-induced decarboxylation, and insight into the role of the exo-anomeric effect in sugar binding. Together, these structures provide insight into how the hinge-bending movement of GGBP facilitates ligand binding, transport, and signaling.
Hexagonal phase forming propensity detected in phospholipid bilayers with fluorescent probes (1992)

The fluorescence emission spectrum of N epsilon-dansyl-L-Lys undergoes a marked blue shift when incorporated from aqueous solution into phospholipid bilayers. This shift is greater for membranes composed of dipalmitoleoylphosphatidylcholine than for membranes of dipalmitoleoylphosphatidylethanolamine. With the latter but not the former lipid, the fluorescence emission from N epsilon-dansyl-L-Lys is markedly temperature-dependent. The marked temperature dependence of N epsilon-dansyl-L-Lys fluorescence in bilayers of dipalmitoleoylphosphatidylethanolamine is greatest as the sample is heated close to the bilayer to hexagonal phase transition temperature. The fluorescence emission properties of another probe of membrane surface hydrophobicity, Laurdan, also exhibit marked changes at temperatures just below the bilayer to hexagonal phase transition temperature. At these temperatures, the generalized polarization begins to increase rather than decrease with temperature, and the emission intensity decreases markedly. Such effects are not observed over the same temperature range with phosphatidylcholine. Thus, both dansyl-L-lysine and Laurdan provide probes to measure changes in the physical properties of membrane bilayers which occur when these bilayers are heated close to the temperature required for transition to the hexagonal phase.