gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Graphical Method for Choosing Optimized Conditions Given a Pump Pressure and a Particle Diameter in Liquid Chromatography (2016)

The general limitations on liquid chromatographic performance in isocratic and gradient elution are now well understood. Many workers have contributed to this understanding and to developing graphical methods, or plots, to illustrate the capabilities of chromatographic systems over a wide range of values of operational parameters. These have been invaluable in getting a picture, in broad strokes, about the value of changing an operational parameter or the value of one separation approach over another. Here we present a plotting approach more appropriate for determining how to use chromatography most efficiently in one's own laboratory. The axes are linear: column length vertical and mobile phase velocity horizontal. In this coordinate system, straight lines with intercept zero correspond to different values of t<sub>0</sub>. Hyperbolas correspond to values of pressure as the product of length and velocity is proportional to pressure. For a given relationship between theoretical plate height and velocity (e.g., van Deemter), the number of theoretical plates as a function of column length and mobile phase velocity is a surface (z direction) to the x and y of velocity and length. By representing the surface as contours, a two-dimensional plot results. Any point along a constant pressure hyperbola represents the best one can do given the particle diameter, solute diffusion coefficient, and temperature. The user can quickly see how to use the pressure for speed or for more theoretical plates. Sets of such plots allow for comparisons among particle diameters or temperatures. Analogous plots of peak capacity for gradient elution are equally revealing. The plots lead instantly to understanding liquid chromatographic optimization at a practical level. They neatly illustrate the value (or not) of changing pump pressure, particle diameter, or temperature for fast or slow separations in either isocratic or gradient elution. They are illustrated with a focus on maximizing plate count with a given analysis time (isocratic), the effect of volume overload (isocratic), and separations of a limited number of peptides with a peak capacity coming from statistical peak overlap theory (gradient).
Tourniquet use in combat-injured service members: a link with heterotopic ossification? (2014)

Abstract: Tourniquet use during Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) has contributed to the high survival rate of combat-injured service members. While preservation of a life – even at the potential expense of a limb – should always take precedence, delayed perfusion in traumatized residual limbs may alter the proliferation, differentiation, and function of endothelial and osteoprogenitor cells. Given the synergistic relationship between angiogenesis and osteogenesis, and the influence of environmental conditions on bone formation, hypoxic conditions from tourniquets may in part explain the higher frequency of heterotopic ossification (HO) present during OIF/OEF. Determining a correlation between tourniquet usage/duration on subsequent HO formation remains challenging. Long-term retrospective investigations have been limited, since the United States Army's Institute of Surgical Research did not standardized tourniquet issuance until July 2004. Thus, associating tourniquet-induced HO in previous military conflicts is not feasible, since poor medical documentation and inadequate application of these medical devices prevent large-scale meta-analyses. Therefore, this article focuses on the basics of bone biology and how tourniquet usage following combat trauma may impact osteogenesis, and subsequently, ectopic bone formation. Keywords: heterotopic ossification, osteogenesis, combat, trauma, ectopic bone, osteoprogenitor cells, Operation Iraqi Freedom, Operation Enduring Freedom
Selective path profiling (2002)

Recording dynamic information for only a subset of program entities can reduce monitoring overhead and can facilitate efficient monitoring of deployed software. Program entities, such as statements, can be monitored using probes that track the execution of those entities. Monitoring more complicated entities, such as paths or definition-use associations, requires more sophisticated techniques that track not only the execution of the desired entities but also the execution of other entities with which they interact. This paper presents an approach for monitoring subsets of one such program entity---acyclic paths in procedures. Our selective path profiling algorithm computes values for probes that guarantee that the sum of the assigned value along each acyclic path (path sum) in the subset is unique; acyclic paths not in the subset may or may not have unique path sums. The paper also presents the results of studies that compare the number of probes required for subsets of various sizes with the number of probes required for profiling all paths, computed using Ball and Larus' path profiling algorithm. Our results indicate that the algorithm performs well on many procedures by requiring only a small percentage of probes for monitoring the subset.
Temperature monitoring options available at the Idaho national laboratory advanced test reactor (2013)

As part of the Advanced Test Reactor National Scientific User Facility (ATR-NSUF) program, the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has developed in-house capabilities to fabricate, test, and qualify new and enhanced temperature sensors for irradiation testing. Clearly, temperature sensor selection for irradiation tests will be determined based on the irradiation environment and budget. However, temperature sensors now offered by INL include a wide array of melt wires in small capsules, silicon carbide monitors, commercially available thermocouples, and specialized high temperature irradiation resistant thermocouples containing doped molybdenum and niobium alloy thermoelements. In addition, efforts have been initiated to develop and evaluate ultrasonic thermometers for irradiation testing. This array of temperature monitoring options now available to ATR and other Material and Test Reactor (MTR) users fulfills recent customer requests.
Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Genotyping Identifies a Locally Endemic Clone of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (2012)

We developed, tested, and applied a TaqMan real-time PCR assay for interrogation of three single-nucleotide polymorphisms that differentiate a clade (termed 't003-X') within the radiation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ST225. The TaqMan assay achieved 98% typeability and results were fully concordant with DNA sequencing. By applying this assay to 305 ST225 isolates from an international collection, we demonstrate that clade t003-X is endemic in a single acute-care hospital in Germany at least since 2006, where it has caused a substantial proportion of infections. The strain was also detected in another hospital located 16 kilometers away. Strikingly, however, clade t003-X was not found in 62 other hospitals throughout Germany nor among isolates from other countries, and, hence, displayed a very restricted geographical distribution. Consequently, our results show that SNP-typing may be useful to identify and track MRSA clones that are specific to individual healthcare institutions. In contrast, the spatial dissemination pattern observed here had not been resolved by other typing procedures, including multilocus sequence typing (MLST), spa typing, DNA macrorestriction, and multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA).
RenderMan Companion: A Programmer's Guide to Realistic Computer Graphics (1989)

From the Publisher:
RenderMan is a powerful 3-D scene description interface designed by Pixar for use in computer graphics. RenderMan provides widespread access to the technology for creating world-class synthetic imagery, originally developed for movies and special effects. This is the guidebook on RenderMan, authored by its developers.
Controlling the microstructure of poly(vinylidene-fluoride) (PVDF) thin films for microelectronics (2013)

PVDF thin films prepared under standard processing conditions have a cloudy appearance and are notoriously rough, which prevent microelectronic and photonic applications. On the other hand, high optical quality, smooth films can be prepared either at low relative humidity or at high substrate temperature. Here we systematically investigate the morphology of PVDF thin films by varying the processing conditions. Films are characterized by SEM and AFM and by measurements of clarity, haze and absorption. We show that the cloudy appearance is due to vapor-induced phase separation (VIPS) as is well-documented for the formation of PVDF membranes. Formation of opaque thin films is a general problem of any ternary polymer/solvent/non-solvent system where a high boiling point solvent is used that is fully miscible with a non-solvent, here water from the ambient.
GPs: Principles and Practice (1994)

Defines the role of GPs and explores their possible involvement in practice management and planning, which authorities are trying to encourage. Suggests that there would be a conflict of interest between management and doctors' relationships with patients, and that they could risk becoming public scapegoats as they are in the most exposed position. Raises points to consider, such as should GPs contemplate becoming involved in practice planning.
Assessment of multiple markers for association with response rate (RR) and failure-free survival (FFS) in patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) treated with chemotherapy in the MRC CR08 (FOCUS) randomized trial (2004)

9506 Background: We have assessed potential prognostic and predictive markers of response to fluorouracil (FU) in advanced CRC patients randomized 4:1:1 to FU alone, FU+oxaliplatin, or FU+irinotecan. Methods: Pathology specimens were retrieved from 846 patients in the FOCUS trial. 85% were from the primary site. Normal and tumor DNA and RNA were extracted and tissue microarrays were made for immunohistochemistry (IHC). The following factors were assessed for effect on FFS and RR to first-line therapy: age; performance status; primary site; liver metastases; serum ALP; grade; mucoid status; IHC for hMLH1, hMSH2, P53, SMAD4, dUTPase, DPD, thymidine phosphorylase (TP), thymidylate synthase (TS); TS mRNA expression; DNA polymorphisms in TS (TSER, TS1494), hMLH1 (–93 G→A), MTHFR (677 C→T). Results: Overall RR and median FFS to first-line therapy were 42% and 8 months respectively. The table shows markers with significant relationships to RR and FFS. Together markers explained 6% of the variability in outcome, with the IHC/histology markers contributing most. DNA polymorphisms showed no clear association with outcomes. Similar associations of marker status were found for patients treated with FU alone or FU+oxaliplatin/irinotecan. Using logistic regression, a predictive algorithm could separate tumors into groups with RR from 15% to 50% for treatment with FU alone and 25% to 70% for treatment with FU+oxaliplatin/irinotecan. Conclusions: Significant differences in RR have been identified for mucoid status, TS IHC and dUTPase IHC scores allowing development of a predictive algorithm for response to FU-containing chemotherapy. Associations with modest differences in FFS were also identified. Ongoing work is looking at markers specific for oxaliplatin or irinotecan benefit. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Aventis
Design and implementation of a simulator based on a cross-layer protocol between MAC and PHY layers in a WiBro Compatible.IEEE 802.16e OFDMA system (2005)

In this article we propose cross-layer design frameworks for 802.16e OFDMA systems that are compatible with WiBro based on various kinds of cross-layer protocols for performance improvement: a cross-layer adaptation framework and a design example of primitives for cross-layer operation between its MAC and PHY layers. In addition, we provide a simulation framework for cross-layer analysis between the MAC and PHY layers in 802.16e systems. Through this cross-layer simulator, we show that average cell throughput can be improved by 25-60 percent by applying careful cross-layer adaptation schemes.
La historia del medio. Interrogantes metodológicos en el estudio de publicaciones periódicas (2021)

Este trabajo pretende dar cuenta de algunos enfasis observados en los abordajes teorico-metodologicos que proponen distintas investigaciones sobre publicaciones periodicas. Las preguntas por el tipo de temporalidad que estas despliegan, y el modo en que su estudio reconfigura o no una historia de la literatura han sido una constante en muchas de las reflexiones sobre el tema. Nos detenemos entonces en los problemas que suscita la pregunta por la relacion de una revista con el tiempo en que se inscribe y aquel en el que es leida desde las historias literarias. Siguiendo ese mismo interrogante, proponemos, como exemplum, un corpus de revistas vinculadas a los movimientos de vanguardia de mediados de siglo en Argentina, principalmente el surrealismo, invencionismo y el arte concreto, en torno al cual puede plantearse un abordaje propio que atienda a lo que Jean-Louis Deotte denomino una “historia del medio”, como lo que hay entre dos puntos del acontecimiento.
Near-infrared dyes. An air-stable radical anion (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNear-infrared dyes. An air-stable radical anionLarry L. Miller and Charles A. LiberkoCite this: Chem. Mater. 1990, 2, 4, 339–340Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00010a002https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00010a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views387Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
iACT - An interactive mHealth monitoring system to enhance psychotherapy for adolescents with sickle cell disease (2013)

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common inherited disease, and SCD symptoms impact functioning and well-being. For example, adolescents with SCD have a higher tendency of psychological problems than the general population. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), a cognitive-behavioral therapy, is an effective intervention to promote quality of life and functioning in adolescents with chronic illness. However, traditional visit-based therapy sessions are restrained by challenges, such as limited follow-up, insufficient data collection, low treatment adherence, and delayed intervention. In this paper, we present Instant Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (iACT), a system designed to enhance the quality of pediatric ACT. iACT utilizes text messaging technology, which is the most popular cell phone activity among adolescents, to conduct real-time psychotherapy interventions. The system is built on cloud computing technologies, which provides a convenient and cost-effective monitoring environment. To evaluate iACT, a trial with 60 adolescents with SCD is being conducted in conjunction with the Georgia Institute of Technology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, and Georgia State University.
Mode of action of glycoside hydrolase family 5 glucuronoxylan xylanohydrolase from <i>Erwinia chrysanthemi</i> (2007)

The mode of action of xylanase A from a phytopathogenic bacterium, Erwinia chrysanthemi, classified in glycoside hydrolase family 5, was investigated on xylooligosaccharides and polysaccharides using TLC, MALDI-TOF MS and enzyme treatment with exoglycosidases. The hydrolytic action of xylanase A was found to be absolutely dependent on the presence of 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronosyl (MeGlcA) side residues in both oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. Neutral linear beta-1,4-xylooligosaccharides and esterified aldouronic acids were resistant towards enzymatic action. Aldouronic acids of the structure MeGlcA(3)Xyl(3) (aldotetraouronic acid), MeGlcA(3)Xyl(4) (aldopentaouronic acid) and MeGlcA(3)Xyl(5) (aldohexaouronic acid) were cleaved with the enzyme to give xylose from the reducing end and products shorter by one xylopyranosyl residue: MeGlcA(2)Xyl(2), MeGlcA(2)Xyl(3) and MeGlcA(2)Xyl(4). As a rule, the enzyme attacked the second glycosidic linkage following the MeGlcA branch towards the reducing end. Depending on the distribution of MeGlcA residues on the glucuronoxylan main chain, the enzyme generated series of shorter and longer aldouronic acids of backbone polymerization degree 3-14, in which the MeGlcA is linked exclusively to the second xylopyranosyl residue from the reducing end. Upon incubation with beta-xylosidase, all acidic hydrolysis products of acidic oligosaccharides and hardwood glucuronoxylans were converted to aldotriouronic acid, MeGlcA(2)Xyl(2). In agreement with this mode of action, xylose and unsubstituted oligosaccharides were essentially absent in the hydrolysates. The E. chrysanthemi xylanase A thus appears to be an excellent biocatalyst for the production of large acidic oligosaccharides from glucuronoxylans as well as an invaluable tool for determination of the distribution of MeGlcA residues along the main chain of this major plant hemicellulose.
[Flavonoids and pycnogenols]. (1979)

Pycnogenols is the term put forward by the authors to designate flavan-3-ol derivatives, so as to distinguish these substances, upon chemical and pharmacological grounds, from the heterogeneous group of flavonoid compounds.
Lead-tin telluride photodiode arrays for detection in the 8–14 μm band (1972)

This paper describes the lead-tin telluride system and its application to the fabrication of fast sensitive infra-red detectors both as single elements and arrays. The electrical and optical properties are discussed with emphasis on the sensitivity of the single elements, and the uniformity in both spectral response and sensitivity for the arrays. (12.1 μm, 800, 1) values up to 2.9 × 1010 cm Hz½ watt−1 have been achieved for unbiased single detectors and 14×1 element arrays have been measured with a spread in D*λ values as good as 2.2 : 1.
Permanent Magnet Demagnetization Characteristics Analysis of a Variable Flux Memory Motor Using Coupled Preisach Modeling and FEM (2007)

This paper deals with the PM performance evaluations in a variable flux memory motor (VFMM) using a coupled finite element method (FEM) and Preisach modeling, which is presented to analyze the magnetic characteristics of permanent magnets. The focus of this paper is the operation characteristics evaluation relative to magnetizing direction and quantity of permanent magnets on re-, demagnetization condition in a variable flux memory motor(VFMM).
Low latency handoff for wireless IP QoS with NeighborCasting (2003)

This paper introduces a fast handoff mechanism, NeighborCasting, for use in wireless IP networks that utilize neighboring foreign agent (FA) information. NeighborCasting is based on the policy of utilizing, or perhaps even wasting, wired bandwidth between foreign agents, while minimizing RF (radio frequency) bandwidth exchanges, so that handoff latency is minimized. We demonstrate that the handoff latency is substantially reduced, while the typical overhead is minimally increased. Handoff latency is minimized by initiating data forwarding to the possible new foreign agent candidates (i.e., the neighbor foreign agents) at the time that the mobile node initiates the link-layer handoff procedure. NeighborCasting builds upon the Mobile IP handoff procedure by adding a small number of additional message types. The handoff mechanism is a unified procedure for inter-domain, intra-domain and inter-technology (e.g., LAN to WAN or TDMA to CDMA) handoffs and provides flexible choices to the network, while maintaining transparency to the mobile node. The neighbor FA discovery process is a distributed and dynamic mechanism, and the fast handoff schemes are scalable and reliable.
Local monitoring by low cost devices and free and open sources softwares (2015)

The purpose of local monitoring is to closely model displacements, evolution and deformations of civil engineering structures and model local phenomena like landslides. For certain applications, latency of the monitoring results is not a crucial point. In other cases a small latency is fundamental: for example, a suspected Alpine landslide that insists on villages. In these cases, contiunous quasi real time monitoring by permanent stations is required. Here, a typical monitoring configuration is given by a GNSS reference permanent station, outside the monitored area, in a stable site and several permanent stations in the monitored area. Data can be processed and the results can be monitored in a quasi continuous way by automated procedures. In these situations, the use of low cost GNSS receivers could be interesting because it can significantly increase the number of monitored points without notably increasing the network cost. This investigation is the scope of our work and several experiments have been set up and performed to assess them. To reach our goals, geodetic and low cost receivers are teamed up: Leica GR10 as reference station and several single frequency u-blox 7P receivers. Once the aquisition phase is completed data are processed with commercial (Leica GeoOffice), academic (Bernese) and free and open source softwares (goGPS and RTKLIB). The results are compared in the final step of the project, accuracy and reliability of solutions are discussed. Their results will be described in the presentation and the full paper.
Backside-Illuminated Lateral PIN Photodiode for CMOS Image Sensor on SOS Substrate (2005)

In this paper, we propose a method to design charge-sensing elements for CMOS image sensor pixels on a silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) substrate. To address the low quantum efficiency problem due to very thin active film used, a backside illuminated lateral PIN photodiode on an SOS substrate is proposed and developed. It has the advantages of higher photo response with a PIN structure and improved optical transmission with a backside illumination through a transparent sapphire substrate. An active pixel sensor (APS) based on the PIN and backside illumination has been implemented in a commercially available SOS CMOS process. Acceptable sensitivity in optical conversion from the APS can be achieved, even with the ultrathin silicon film. The APS is demonstrated to function at 1.2 V, giving a dynamic range of 51 dB.