gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of electric field assisted diffusedpotassium ion planar optical waveguides (1996)

A simple drift transport model is used to predict the depth of planar optical waveguides produced by the electric field assisted ion exchange of potassium ions into soda-lime glass. The guide depth can be represented by a simple universal function of the voltage-process time product. The model is fitted to experimental data over a wide range of applied potentials and times. Joule heating effects limit the accuracy of the model at large current densities.
After Quinlan: The Dilemma of the Persistent Vegetative State (1994)

In 1968 an ad hoc committee of Harvard Medical School recommended that death be defined as cessation of all brain function1. Before that time, a patient was not pronounced dead until heart and lung function had ceased. One by one, the states accepted brain death as the legal definition of death -- a movement that was accelerated when the President's Commission formulated the Uniform Determination of Death Act in 19812. All 50 states and the District of Columbia now accept this standard3. It is remarkable how rapidly the concept of brain death attracted an ethical, social, and . . .
Screening obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome by home videotape recording in children (1996)

Overnight polysomnography (PSG) has been used to diagnose and assess the severity of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) in children. The aim of this study was to determine whether home video-recording of children during sleep may be used for screening OSAS. In 58 children suspected of having OSAS, PSG results were compared with the corresponding analyses of 30 min video-recordings of each child sleeping at home. The video-recordings were evaluated by: 1) overall investigator's clinical judgement; and 2) a scoring system based on noisy breathing, movements, walking episodes, apnoea, chest retractions and mouth breathing. PSG results were highly correlated with the video test results, with agreement in 49 out of 58 (84%). In 36 of the 58 children, the PSG was abnormal compared with 41 out of 58 abnormal video tests. The sensitivity of the overall investigator judgement of video test was 94% (34 out of 36) and the specificity 68% (15 out of 22). Video scores > 10 were highly predictive of OSAS, whilst scores < 5 were associated with normality. Using a stepwise logistic regression analysis, each of the scoring variables was tested against the PSG results and an equation was formulated for predicting PSG by the video test. The equation predicted PSG results in 49 out of 58 (84%) cases. Thirty minutes of home video-recordings during sleep is a reliable screening method for obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in children. This technique may, thus, improve patient selection for polysomnography.
Gliadin stimulates human monocytes to production of IL‐8 and TNF‐α through a mechanism involving NF‐κB (2004)

Wheat gliadin is the triggering agent in coeliac disease. In this study, we documented that proteolytic fragments of gliadin, in contrast to other food antigens, induced interleukin (IL)-8 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production and significantly increased interferon (IFN)-gamma-induced cytokine secretion in human monocytic line THP-1 cells. Stimulation with gliadin resulted in elevated phosphorylation of the IkappaBalpha molecule and increased NF-kappaB/DNA binding activity that was inhibited by sulfasalazine, l-1-tosylamido-2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC). The activation pathway was shown to be independent of the CD14 molecule. Less mature U-937 monocytes responded to gliadin stimulation by low IL-8 secretion, TNF-alpha production was not detectable. We propose that gliadin-induced activation of monocytes/macrophages can participate in mechanisms leading to the impairment of intestinal mucosa in coeliac patients.
Narrow-Spectral-Linewidth Wavelength-Tunable Laser Diode with Si Wire Waveguide Ring Resonators (2012)

We fabricated wavelength-tunable laser diodes with Si wire waveguide ring resonators as an external optical cavity. The footprint of the optical cavity including the semiconductor optical amplifier is as small as 2.73×0.89 mm2, which is about 1/5 of those made of silicon oxinitride material. About 44-nm-wavelength tuning operation, which covers the entire L-band of the optical communication wavelength range, was obtained. Furthermore, spectral linewidth narrower than 100 kHz was obtained by optimizing the design of the external optical cavity. The tunable laser diodes with narrow spectral linewidth are suitable as light sources for digital coherent optical transmission systems.
Reconfigurable wireless platforms for spectrally agile coexistence (2014)

In this paper, we present a novel and practical filtering approach for mitigating the effects of out-of-band (OOB) emissions produced by spectrally agile waveforms based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-type modulation schemes. As opposed to OOB filtering approaches presented in the open literature, which are based on filters employing a finite impulse response (FIR), the approach proposed in this paper employs infinite impulse response (IIR) filters to mitigate OOB emissions while avoiding the issues associated with FIR filters. In order to realize the proposed approach in a programmable wireless system, such as those based on field programmable gate array (FPGA) technology, fixed-point realizations of a family of IIR filters were implemented such that the appropriate filter can be used in real time given a specific transmission scenario and spectral characteristics. Results show that the bit error rate performance of the proposed approach is significantly better than the performance offered by other techniques.
Learning Type-Aware Embeddings for Fashion Compatibility (2018)

Outfits in online fashion data are composed of items of many different types (e.g. top, bottom, shoes) that share some stylistic relationship with one another. A representation for building outfits requires a method that can learn both notions of similarity (for example, when two tops are interchangeable) and compatibility (items of possibly different type that can go together in an outfit). This paper presents an approach to learning an image embedding that respects item type, and jointly learns notions of item similarity and compatibility in an end-to-end model. To evaluate the learned representation, we crawled 68,306 outfits created by users on the Polyvore website. Our approach obtains 3-5% improvement over the state-of-the-art on outfit compatibility prediction and fill-in-the-blank tasks using our dataset, as well as an established smaller dataset, while supporting a variety of useful queries.
Carbon nanotube and conducting polymer composites for supercapacitors (2008)

Composites of carbon nanotubes and conducting polymers can be prepared via chemical synthesis, electrochemical deposition on preformed carbon nanotube electrodes, or by electrochemical co-deposition. The composites combine the large pseudocapacitance of the conducting polymers with the fast charging/discharging double-layer capacitance and excellent mechanical properties of the carbon nanotubes. The electrochemically co-deposited composites are the most homogeneous and show an unusual interaction between the polymer and nanotubes, giving rise to a strengthened electron delocalisation and conjugation along the polymer chains. As a result they exhibit excellent electrochemical charge storage properties and fast charge/discharge switching, making them promising electrode materials for high power supercapacitors.
Specificities of autoinhibitory domain peptides for four protein kinases. Implications for intact cell studies of protein kinase function. (1990)

Synthetic peptides corresponding to the autoinhibitory domains of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK-(281-309)), smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase (MLCK-(480-501)), and protein kinase C (PKC-(19-36)) as well as a peptide derived from the heat-stable inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKI-tide) were tested for their inhibitory specificities. The inhibitory potencies of the four peptides were determined for each of the four protein kinases using both peptide substrates (at approximate Km concentrations) and protein substrates (at concentrations less than Km). In agreement with previous studies PKI-tide was a specific and potent inhibitor of only cAMP kinase, and none of the other inhibitory peptides gave significant inhibition of cAMP kinase at concentrations of less than 100 microM. With synthetic peptide substrates, PKC-(19-36) strongly inhibited native PKC (IC50 less than 1 microM) but also significantly inhibited autophosphorylated CaMK-II (IC50 = 30 microM) and proteolytically activated MLCK (IC50 = 35 microM). MLCK-(480-501) potently inhibited MLCK (IC50 = 0.25 microM) and also strongly inhibited both PKC and CaMK-II (IC50 = 1.4 and 1.7 microM, respectively). CaMK-(281-309) inhibited autophosphorylated CaMK-II, PKC, and proteolyzed MLCK almost equally (IC50 = 10, 38, and 48 microM, respectively). Qualitatively similar results were obtained with protein substrates. These studies validate the use of PKI-tide as a specific inhibitor of cAMP kinase in intact cell studies and suggest that PKC-(19-36) can also be used but only within a narrow concentration range. However, the autoinhibitory domain peptides from MLCK and CaMK-II are not sufficiently specific to be used in similar investigations.
Managing Miracles in the Commonwealth (2007)

Abstract Some of the most salient religious dramas that unfolded in Cuba and Puerto Rico in the twentieth century, including Marian apparitions in the southwestern corner of the island, involved journalists and publicists. Indeed, the press had a role in the performance of miracles. This chapter examines consumption–production processes that resorted to exogenous inputs and addressed themselves not only to local and island-wide audiences but also to the international stage, paying particular attention to the miracles associated with the apparition of the Virgin Mary in Sabana Grande in Puerto Rico. It also looks at the complex relationship between suspect religious practices and the state, and how the authorities tried to manage the Sabana Grande shrine, transforming the so-called “place of memory” into a showcase of good administration and therefore redefining the standards for judging the island's progress.
A high resolving power ion selector for post-source decay measurements in a reflecting time-of-flight mass spectrometer (1998)

An electrostatic deflector has been designed and constructed that can be used in a reflecting time-of-flight mass spectrometer for either single-deflector or dual-deflector velocity selection in post-source decay measurements. The deflector consists of an interleaved set of parallel deflection electrodes as in a Loeb/Cravath/Bradbury device, but thin metal ribbon instead of wire is used for the deflection electrodes. The time for reversing the electric field, which depends on various factors such as the electronics for pulsing the voltage and the time constant of a particular electrode geometry, is about 19 ns for the deflectors used in this study. By properly timing the reversal of the electric field, the time-window for ion transmission can be made substantially less than the switching time of each individual deflector. In conjunction with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, the single-deflector's resolving power and transmission are robust with respect to laser fluence, i.e. they remain high even when the fluence is raised well above threshold. By contrast the operational features of the dual-deflector gate offer more versatility in locating and sizing the selection window. Operating the ion selector in a single-deflector mode, we have achieved a resolving power of approximately 710 full width at half maximum (FWHM) for different isotopes of protonated, sodiated, and potassiated substance-P (m/z 1348.6, 1370.6 and 1386.6 respectively; 10.073 keV). Operating it in the dual-deflector mode under two different sets of conditions, we have succeeded in obtaining resolving powers of approximately 1100 (FWHM) for protonated substance-P (m/z 1348.6; 10.8 keV) and approximately 5200 (FWHM) for an isotopomer of PEG 6000 (approximately m/z 6000; 10.04 keV). This accomplishment implies that high-resolution ion selection can be coupled to post-source decay analyses.
Cloning and Characterization of RLPK, a Novel RSK-related Protein Kinase (1999)

A novel protein kinase whose activity can be stimulated by mitogen in vivo was cloned and characterized. The cDNA of this gene encodes an 802-amino acid protein (termed RLPK) with the highest homology (37% identity) to the two protein kinase families, p90(RSK) and p70(RSK). Like p90(RSR), but not p70(RSK), RLPK also contains two complete nonidentical protein kinase domains. RLPK mRNA is widely expressed in all human tissues examined and is enriched in the brain, heart, and placenta. In HeLa cells, transiently expressed epitope-tagged RLPK can be strongly induced by epidermal growth factor, serum, and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, but only moderately up-regulated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and other stress-related stimuli. The activity of RLPK stimulated by epidermal growth factor was not inhibited by several known protein kinase C inhibitors nor by rapamycin, a known specific inhibitor for p70(RSK), but could be inhibited by herbimycin A, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and partially inhibited by PD98059 or SB203580, inhibitors for the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Recombinant RLPK possesses high phosphorylation activity toward histone 2B and the S6 peptide, RRRLSSLRA. Although purified recombinant RLPK can be phosphorylated by ERK2 and p38alpha in vitro, its activity is not affected by this phosphorylation. Moreover, the treatment of RLPK with acid phosphatase did not reduce its in vitro kinase activity. These data suggest that RLPK is structurally similar to previously isolated RSKs, but its regulatory mechanism may be distinct from either p70(RSK) or p90(RSK)s.
Kinetic mechanism of a recombinant<i>Arabidopsis</i>glyoxylate reductase: studies of initial velocity, dead-end inhibition and product inhibition (2007)

Kinetic analysis of substrate specificity revealed that a recombinant Arabidopsis protein catalyzes the conversion of glyoxylate to glycolate (K m,glyoxylate = 4.5 μmol·L –1 ) and succinic semialdehyde (SSA) to γ-hydroxybutyrate (K m, SSA = 0.87 mmol·L –1 ) via an essentially irreversible, NADPH-based mechanism. In this report, the enzyme was further characterized via initial-velocity, dead-end inhibition and product inhibition studies. The kinetic mechanism was ordered Bi Bi, involving the complexation of NADPH to the enzyme before glyoxylate or SSA, and the release of NADP + before glycolate or γ-hydroxybutyrate, respectively. It can be concluded that the enzyme functions as a NADPH-dependent glyoxylate reductase (EC 1.1.1.79) or possibly an aldehyde reductase (EC 1.1.1.2), and the kinetic mechanism involved is consistent with that found in members of both the aldo-keto reductase and 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase-related superfamilies of enzymes. Since NADP + was an effective competitive inhibitor with respect to NADPH (K i = 1–3 µmol·L –1 ), it is proposed that the ratio of NADPH/NADP + regulates enzymatic activity in planta.
Direct DNA Hybridization at Disposable Graphite Electrodes Modified with Carbon Nanotubes (2006)

The performance of glassy carbon (GCE) and graphite pencil electrodes (PGE) modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are compared, based on the direct electrochemical detection of nucleic acids. This is accomplished by monitoring the differential pulse voltammetry changes of the guanine signal. CNT-modified PGE compares favorably to that of the commonly used CNT-modified GCE owing to the intrinsic improved performance of the supporting PGE. The better intrinsic characteristics of the PGE are related to its composite structure and higher level of porosity compared to GCE. The performance characteristics of the direct DNA hybridization on the disposable CNT-modified PGE are studied in terms of optimum analytical conditions such as probe concentration, target concentration, hybridization time, and selectivity. The new DNA biosensor described here has shown some important advantages such being inexpensive, sensitive, selective, and able to generate reproducible results using a simple and direct electrochemical protocol.
Enhanced Lycopene Productivity by Manipulation of Carbon Flow to Isopentenyl Diphosphate in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2005)

Lycopene is a useful phytochemical that holds great commercial value. In our study the lycopene production pathway in E. coli originating from the precursor isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) of the non-mevalonate pathway was reconstructed. This engineered strain of E. coli accumulated lycopene intracellularly under aerobic conditions. As a next step, the production of lycopene was enhanced through metabolic engineering methodologies. Various competing pathways at the pyruvate and acetyl-CoA nodes were inactivated to divert more carbon flux to IPP and subsequently to lycopene. It was found that the ackA-pta, nuo mutant produced a higher amount of lycopene compared to the parent strain. To further enhance lycopene production, a novel mevalonate pathway, in addition to the already existing non-mevalonate pathway, was engineered. This pathway utilizes acetyl-CoA as precursor, condensing it to form acetoacetyl-CoA and subsequently leading to formation of IPP. Upon the introduction of this new pathway, lycopene production increased by over 2-fold compared to the ackA-pta, nuo mutant strain.
Synthesis, Cytotoxicity, and COMPARE Analysis of Ferrocene and [3]Ferrocenophane Tetrasubstituted Olefin Derivatives against Human Cancer Cells (2010)

Herein we report the antiproliferative effects of a series of 28 compounds against the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line, including the synthesis of seven new [3]ferrocenophanyl and four new ferrocenyl compounds. For each p-R-phenyl substitution pattern investigated, the [3]ferrocenophanyl derivatives were more cytotoxic than the corresponding ferrocenyl derivative, with the highest activity found for compounds with protic substituents. Theoretical calculations of the HOMO-LUMO gap for the molecules in the Fe³(+) oxidation state suggest a higher reactivity for the [3]ferrocenophanyl derivatives. A lead compound from each series, a [3]ferrocenophanyl and a ferrocenyl compound, possessing two phenol groups, were screened against the NCI/DTP 60-cell-line panel. The mean activity over all cell lines was better than cisplatin for both compounds, and both compounds showed subpanel selectivity for leukemia, CNS cancer, and renal cancer. Low systemic toxicity and lack of interaction with DNA (when in the reduced form), suggest that the compounds may act as prodrugs.
Studies on the genus Paecilomyces in China IV. Two new species of Paecilomyces with monophialides (2006)

Two new monophialidic species of Paecilomyces, P. furcatus and P. cinereus, were isolated and discovered from soils of Shandong and Hebei Provinces, respectively, in China.Characters common to the two new species are as follows: [1] Optimum growth temperatures are 40C.[2] Conidiophores are absent or very simple.[3] Phialides arise solitarily from the aerial hyphae.Phylogenetic analysis of the rDNA ITS region suggest that both new species P._ furcatus and P. cinereus form a separate sub-clade within a clade also containing P inflatus, P. biformis and P. crassosporus.
Mechanochemistry-Based Synthesis of Highly Crystalline γ-Zirconium Phosphate for Selective Ion Exchange (2018)

Highly crystalline γ-zirconium phosphate has been synthesized by a novel minimalistic approach and investigated as a selective ion exchanger for cesium, ammonium and potassium. In contrast to current solution-based preparations, the mechanochemistry-based synthesis provides easy access to γ-zirconium phosphate with short synthesis times and low crystallization temperature. The addition of NaF as a mineralizer increases the crystallinity of γ-zirconium phosphate, which forms micrometer-sized uniformly shaped rectangular platelets. The crystalline material has extremely high selectivity to cesium even in the presence of 1000- or 500-fold excess Na<sup>+</sup> or Ca<sup>2+</sup>, respectively. The removal efficiency was >98% in the pH range of 2-5.5. As an ion exchanger for purification of dialysate, crystalline γ-zirconium phosphate shows higher uptake of ammonium and potassium ions than the amorphous gel compound currently used in sorbent cartridges. This sustainable protocol opens up opportunities for many practical applications of γ-zirconium phosphate.
Novel optical wavelength interleaver based on symmetrically parallel-coupled and apodized ring resonator arrays (2003)

Optical ring-resonators could be used to synthesize filters with low crosstalk and flat passbands. Their application to DWDM interleaving has been proposed and investigated previously. However, a number of important factors related to this topic have not yet been considered and appropriately addressed. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme of a symmetrically parallel-coupled ring resonator array with coupling apodisation. We show that it can be used to construct a wavelength interleaver with remarkably improved performance. Various design factors have been considered. An optimization procedure was developed based on minimizing the channel crosstalk in the through and drop ports simultaneously by adjusting the ring-bus coupling coefficients. We show that apodisation in coupling could suppress channel crosstalk effectively, by choosing the optimal coupling coefficients. We also introduced the equalization of both the input and output coupling coefficients to minimise passband ripple. For a 50 - 100 GHz DWDM applications, four rings is found to be the best choice for array size. A four-ring filter achieves crosstalk -24 dB, insertion loss at resonance <1 dB, and good passband flatness (shape factor >0.6).
Properties of Phosphate Glasses - $BaO-Nd_{2}O_3-TiO_2$ Ceramic Composites for Using Dielectric Materials Having Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic(LTCC) (2004)

In this study, BNT() and glass-ceramic composites were fabricated and investigated in order to apply for low temperature cofired ceramic. The prepared BNT based glass-ceramic composites were sintered at with the glass fit contents ranging from 10 to . The properties such as sintering and dielectric property were investigated in the ceramic compositions according to the phosphate glass frit. The dielectric constant was varied between 10 to 40 and shrinkage rate was increased according to increasing glass frit.
Influence of Serum Albumin on the Fertilizing Ability In Vitro of Rat Spermatozoa (1976)

Under defined conditions, in the presence of 10 mg/ml of bovine serum albumin, cauda epididymal rat spermatozoa displayed vigorous motility, and a high proportion (81%) of eggs were fertilized. In contrast, no fertilization was observed after omission of albumin, or replacement of the protein by 10 mg/ml of cytochrome c, beta-globulin, gamma-globulin, hemoglobin, lysozyme, and polyvinylpyrrolidone, and 5 mg/ml of ribonuclease. However, high motility occurred in suspensions containing 3 x 10(6) spermatozoa/0.1 ml of medium with cytochrome c, beta-globulin, or gamma-globulin. In medium with 1 mg/ml of ovalbumin, 7% (2/29) eggs were fertilized. Use of defatted albumin resulted in a higher rate of fertilization than unmodified albumin (87 vs 70%), and this difference approached statistical significance. No fertilization was obtained in the presence of albumin presaturated with cholesterol. These results suggest that: (a) rat sperm cells failed to capacitate in the absence of albumin; (b) the protein exerted more than a nonspecific macromolecular effect; and (c) lipids associated with albumin may modify its ability to promote sperm capacitation.