gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The relationship between abused adolescents and their pets (2019)

The purpose of the current research was to investigate the relationship between abused adolescents and their pets as reported on the Child-Pet Relationship Questionnaire. Specifically, the differences in the human-animal and human-human relationships among abused adolescents and non-abused ("normal") adolescents were investigated. Additionally, for both types of relationships, differences among owners of abused and non-abused pets were analyzed. Subjects consisted of 47 identified victims of maltreatment and 55 "normal" teenagers. All subjects were 13 to 17 years of age and currently owned a pet. Results show that abused adolescents differed significantly from non-abused adolescents in both child-pet and human-human relationships. Non-abused owners of non-abused pets reported a weaker child-pet bond and stronger human-human bond than either of two abused owner groups; however, the abused owner groups did not significantly differ from each other in either type of relationship.
Spontaneous and Fast Growth of Large‐Area Graphene Nanofilms Facilitated by Oil/Water Interfaces (2012)

An efficient wet-chemical method based on soft interfacial self-assembly is developed for spontaneous, fast growth of large-area graphene nanofilms on various substrates. The graphene nanofilms produced show tunable optical properties and a highly reversible optoelectronic response. Complementary to chemical vapor deposition, this method could offer a fast, simple, and low-cost chemical strategy to produce graphene nanofilms.
Computational Power in Query Languages (1982)

Primitive recursion, recursion and partial recursion are defined for languages which query a relational data base. Necessary and sufficient conditions for a language to satisfy these properties are given. The computational power of several extensions of the relational algebra is considered.
Metabolic Fluxes during Strong Carbon Catabolite Repression by Malate in Bacillus subtilis (2009)

Commonly glucose is considered to be the only preferred substrate in Bacillus subtilis whose presence represses utilization of other alternative substrates. Because recent data indicate that malate might be an exception, we quantify here the carbon source utilization hierarchy. Based on physiology and transcriptional data during co-utilization experiments with eight carbon substrates, we demonstrate that malate is a second preferred carbon source for B. subtilis, which is rapidly co-utilized with glucose and strongly represses the uptake of alternative substrates. From the different hierarchy and degree of catabolite repression exerted by glucose and malate, we conclude that both substrates might act through different molecular mechanisms. To obtain a quantitative and functional network view of how malate is (co)metabolized, we developed a novel approach to metabolic flux analysis that avoids error-prone, intuitive, and ad hoc decisions on (13)C rearrangements. In particular, we developed a rigorous approach for deriving reaction reversibilities by combining in vivo intracellular metabolite concentrations with a thermodynamic feasibility analysis. The thus-obtained analytical model of metabolism was then used for network-wide isotopologue balancing to estimate the intracellular fluxes. These (13)C-flux data revealed an extraordinarily high malate influx that is primarily catabolized via the gluconeogenic reactions and toward overflow metabolism. Furthermore, a considerable NADPH-producing malic enzyme flux is required to supply the biosynthetically required NADPH in the presence of malate. Co-utilization of glucose and malate resulted in a synergistic decrease of the respiratory tricarboxylic acid cycle flux.
Code‐expanded radio access protocol for machine‐to‐machine communications (2013)

ABSTRACT The random access methods used for support of machine‐to‐machine, also referred to as Machine‐Type Communications, in current cellular standards are derivatives of traditional framed slotted ALOHA and therefore do not support high user loads efficiently. We propose an approach that is motivated by the random access method employed in LTE, which significantly increases the amount of contention resources without increasing the system resources, such as contention subframes and preambles. This is accomplished by a logical, rather than physical, extension of the access method in which the available system resources are interpreted in a novel manner. Specifically, in the proposed scheme, users perform random access by transmitting orthogonal preambles in multiple random access subframes, in this way creating access codewords that are used for contention. We show that, for the same number of random access subframes and orthogonal preambles, the amount of available contention resources is drastically increased, enabling the massive support of Machine‐Type Communication users that is beyond the reach of current systems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid, efficient method for multiplex amplification from filter paper (1998)

Guthrie cards derived from the New York State Newborn Screening Program were utilized to develop a rapid, economical method for amplifying multiple genes to detect mutations that impact public health. These specimens are untraceable to the donor because identifiers are removed and discarded; therefore, these pilot studies were carried out anonymously. The sample preparation requires minimal manipulation, is amenable to automation, and is useful in laboratories which routinely process large numbers of samples, such as those in typical newborn screening laboratories. Multiple gene fragments may be amplified from a 1 mm punch which contains less than 1 microl of whole blood. The blood spots used in these studies contain sufficient material for up to 25 amplification reactions which multiplex at least four different gene fragments each. Since sufficient material remains on the card after the routine testing is complete, this simple assay can greatly expand the efficacy of current newborn screening programs by permitting DNA diagnosis of some disorders when indicated, particularly those in which genotype-phenotype correlations are useful. In addition to newborn screening specimens, this method is also applicable to whole blood from adults after phlebotomy and from lymphoblastoid cell lines. Use of filter paper for DNA analysis is particularly useful for shipped specimens or for population studies whose subjects are refractory to phlebotomy.
Regional cerebral blood volume measured by dynamic susceptibility contrast MR imaging in alzheimer's disease: A principal components analysis (1997)

Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI is an alternative to positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for the evaluation of cerebral hemodynamics in patients with Alzheimer's disease. DSC MRI allows the construction of high resolution images of cerebral blood volume (CBV) without the use of radionuclides or ionizing radiation. In this study, DSC MRI data were collected from 16 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease and 16 age-matched control subjects. Characteristic patterns of regional CBV variation were found using principal component analysis. Three such patterns were identified: a global variation pattern, an anterior-to-posterior CBV gradient, and a temporoparietal pattern. Group differences in the principal component scores associated with the global and temporoparietal patterns (P = .08 and P = .007, respectively) suggest that these deficits reflect characteristic CBV abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease. Using only these two scores, the Alzheimer's disease group was classified with a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 88%. Additionally, disease severity, as measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), was correlated significantly with the third principal component score (Pearson's r = .50, P = .05).
Hematopoetic and mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in the treatment of refractory systemic lupus erythematosus — Where are we now? (2013)

Cell based therapies are of increasing interest in the treatment of systemic lupus due to their potential for long term suppression or cure of disease. Two methods for stem cell transplantation are currently being investigated/performed for treatment of lupus. Autologous hematopoetic stem cell transplantation is used in patients refractory to standard therapy. The morbidity and mortality of the procedure limit its use to select patients. Results indicate 50% long term disease free survival. The technical difficulty of the procedure requires it to be performed only in experienced centers. Mesenchymal stem cell transplants are a new emerging therapy for the treatment of lupus. Studies in murine models of lupus provide evidence of efficacy with safety. Limited uncontrolled trials in humans provide evidence of efficacy as well. Controlled trials are needed to assess the efficacy of both these therapies compared to standard therapy.
Systemic Insecticide Injections for Control of Cone and Seed Insects in Loblolly Pine Seed Orchards—2 Year Results (2002)

Abstract Three systemic insecticide treatments, emamectin benzoate alone, imidacloprid alone, and a combination of emamectin benzoate and thiamethoxam, were injected one or two times into loblolly pine,Pinus taeda L., during a 2 yr period in a seed orchard in east Texas. Single injections of treatments containing emamectin benzoate reduced coneworm (Dioryctria spp.) damage by 94–97% during the study period. A second injection after 1 yr did not improve protection. Imidacloprid also significantly reduced coneworm damage in 1999, but not in 2000. Significant reductions in damage from pine seed bugs (Tetyra bipunctata Say andLeptoglossus corculus Herrich-Schaffer) and an increase in the number of full seeds per cone resulted from imidacloprid and thiamethoxam treatments and to a lesser extent from emamectin benzoate. Yearly injections of imidacloprid or thiamethoxam were required to maintain protection against seed bugs. The best overall treatment, two injections of emamectin benzoate plus thiamethoxam, reduced cone and seed losses from insects by 86%. South. J. Appl. For. 26(3):146–152.
Classification of C2C12 cells at differentiation by convolutional neural network of deep learning using phase contrast images (2017)

In the field of regenerative medicine, tremendous numbers of cells are necessary for tissue/organ regeneration. Today automatic cell-culturing system has been developed. The next step is constructing a non-invasive method to monitor the conditions of cells automatically. As an image analysis method, convolutional neural network (CNN), one of the deep learning method, is approaching human recognition level. We constructed and applied the CNN algorithm for automatic cellular differentiation recognition of myogenic C2C12 cell line. Phase-contrast images of cultured C2C12 are prepared as input dataset. In differentiation process from myoblasts to myotubes, cellular morphology changes from round shape to elongated tubular shape due to fusion of the cells. CNN abstract the features of the shape of the cells and classify the cells depending on the culturing days from when differentiation is induced. Changes in cellular shape depending on the number of days of culture (Day 0, Day 3, Day 6) are classified with 91.3% accuracy. Image analysis with CNN has a potential to realize regenerative medicine industry.
An Analysis of Perceptual Confusions Among Some English Consonants (1955)

Sixteen English consonants were spoken over voice communication systems with frequency distortion and with random masking noise. The listeners were forced to guess at every sound and a count was made of all the different errors that resulted when one sound was confused with another. With noise or low-pass filtering the confusions fall into consistent patterns, but with high-pass filtering the errors are scattered quite randomly. An articulatory analysis of these 16 consonants provides a system of five articulatory features or “dimensions” that serve to characterize and distinguish the different phonemes: voicing, nasality, affrication, duration, and place of articulation. The data indicate that voicing and nasality are little affected and that place is severely affected by low-pass and noisy systems. The indications are that the perception of any one of these five features is relatively independent of the perception of the others, so that it is as if five separate, simple channels were involved rather than a single complex channel.
Altered Atrial Electrical Restitution and Heterogeneous Sympathetic Hyperinnervation in Hearts With Chronic Left Ventricular Myocardial Infarction (2003)

Chronic ventricular MI with no atrial involvement causes heterogeneous alteration of atrial electrical restitution and atrial sympathetic hyperinnervation that might provide important substrates for the observed increased AF vulnerability.
Cancer Cells Regulate Biomechanical Properties of Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells (2011)

Metastasis is a key event of malignant tumor progression. The capability to metastasize depends on the ability of the cancer cell to migrate into connective tissue, adhere, and possibly transmigrate through the endothelium. Previously we reported that the endothelium does not generally act as barrier for cancer cells to migrate in three-dimensional extracellular matrices (3D-ECMs). Instead, the endothelium acts as an enhancer or a promoter for the invasiveness of certain cancer cells. How invasive cancer cells diminish the endothelial barrier function still remains elusive. Therefore, this study investigates whether invasive cancer cells can decrease the endothelial barrier function through alterations of endothelial biomechanical properties. To address this, MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were used that invade deeper and more numerous into 3D-ECMs when co-cultured with microvascular endothelial cells. Using magnetic tweezer measurements, MDA-MB-231 cells were found to alter the mechanical properties of endothelial cells by reducing endothelial cell stiffness. Using spontaneous bead diffusion, actin cytoskeletal remodeling dynamics were shown to be increased in endothelial cells co-cultured with MDA-MB-231 cells compared with mono-cultured endothelial cells. In addition, knockdown of the α5 integrin subunit in highly transmigrating α5β1(high) cells derived from breast, bladder, and kidney cancer cells abolished the endothelial invasion-enhancing effect comparable with the inhibition of myosin light chain kinase. These results indicate that the endothelial invasion-enhancing effect is α5β1 integrin-dependent. Moreover, inhibition of Rac-1, Rho kinase, MEK kinase, and PI3K reduced the endothelial invasion-enhancing effect, indicating that signaling via small GTPases may play a role in the endothelial facilitated increased invasiveness of cancer cells. In conclusion, decreased stiffness and increased cytoskeletal remodeling dynamics of endothelial cells may account for the breakdown of endothelial barrier function, suggesting that biomechanical alterations are sufficient to facilitate the transmigration and invasion of invasive cancer cells into 3D-ECMs.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐1,2,2,2‐TETRACHLOROETHYL‐N′,N′‐DIMETHYLSULFAMIDE (1977)

Abstract Der α‐ständige Cl‐Rest der Titelverbindung (II) ist außerordentlich beweglich und wird bei Reaktionen mit NaN 3 , AgNCO, KSCN, MeOH (+NEt3), Triäthylphosphit und Anilin (+NEt3) glatt durch N3‐, OCN‐, SCN‐, MeO‐, (EtO),PO‐ bzw. PhNH‐Gruppen substituiert.
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus in the Neural Circuitry for the Circadian Elevation of Intraocular Pressure in Rabbits (1995)

Intraocular pressure (IOP) in light-dark entrained rabbits changes in a circadian pattern. Previous studies indicate that signals for the circadian IOP elevation in the early dark phase come from the central nervous system (CNS) via the ocular sympathetic nerves. Its neural circuitry in the CNS was totally unclear. In the present study, the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the circuitry was investigated. Adult New Zealand albino rabbits were entrained in a daily 12 hr/12 hr light-dark cycle, and their circadian IOP elevations around the onset of dark were determined. Bilateral lesions of the suprachiasmatic nuclei were made by heat probe and verified by histology. Change in the circadian IOP elevation was monitored for up to 3 months. After the lesion, there was a significant reduction of the circadian IOP elevation for 2 weeks. Elevations in the plasma concentration of melatonin and the aqueous humor concentration of norepinephrine (NE) in the early dark phase were significantly reduced. When exposed to constant light, the residual circadian IOP elevation in the postoperative rabbits was further reduced to the level seen in intact rabbits exposed to constant light. In postoperative weeks 6-10, the circadian IOP elevation returned to the initial value. A full, inhibitory effect of constant light on the circadian IOP elevation was observed. In postoperative months 2-3, concentrations of plasma melatonin and aqueous humor NE regained the circadian pattern. These results indicate that the suprachiasmatic nucleus is in the neural circuitry which propagates the circadian elevation of IOP in rabbits.
Endothelin-induced Vasoconstriction in Rabbit Nasal Mucosa (1994)

Nasal blood flow is finely regulated by local release of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides and other bioactive molecules acting via paracrine mechanisms. We have investigated the effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor peptide, on the blood perfusion of rabbit nasal mucosa by laser Doppler flowmetry. After injection with ET-1, a potent and prolonged nasal vasoconstriction was observed. ET-immunoreactivity has previously been detected in nasal tissues and it is therefore suggested that ET-1 may participate in the regulation of nasal blood flow via paracrine mechanisms.
Heme oxygenase-1 expression protects melanocytes from stress-induced cell death: implications for vitiligo (2011)

To study protection of melanocytes from stress-induced cell death by heme oxygenases during depigmentation and repigmentation in vitiligo, expression of isoforms 1 and 2 was studied in cultured control and patient melanocytes and normal skin explants exposed to UV or bleaching agent 4-TBP. Similarly, expression of heme oxygenases was followed in skin from vitiligo patients before and after PUVA treatment. Single and double immunostainings were used in combination with light and confocal microscopic analysis and Western blotting. Melanocyte expression of heme oxygenase 1 is upregulated, whereas heme oxygenase 2 is reduced in response to UV and 4-TBP. Upregulation of inducible heme oxygenase 1 was also observed in UV-treated explant cultures, in skin of successfully PUVA-treated patients and in melanocytes cultured from vitiligo non-lesional skin. Heme oxygenase encoding genes were subsequently cloned to study consequences of either gene product on cell viability, demonstrating that HO-1 but not HO-2 overexpression offers protection from stress-induced cell death in MTT assays. HO-1 expression by melanocytes may contribute to beneficial effects of UV treatment for vitiligo patients.
Cip/Kip cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors: brakes of the cell cycle engine during development (1999)

Precise control of cell-cycle progression is believed to be critical for normal development, while oncogenesis may be a direct result of its disturbance. Cell-cycle progression is regulated predominantly by a series of serine/threonine kinases, the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). The activities of the CDKs are controlled by a variety of mechanisms, and a group of molecules that inhibit CDK activity, CDK inhibitors (CKIs), has recently become the focus of interest, particularly in the fields of development and tumorigenesis. To date, seven CKIs have been identified in mammals and categorized into two families, the Cip/Kip and Ink4 families. The Cip/Kip family is well conserved phylogenetically, suggesting that it is biologically important. Despite the structural and biochemical similarities among the Cip/Kip members, the phenotypes of knockout mice of each Cip/Kip member are surprisingly different, which suggests that the Cip/Kip CKIs have a variety of physiological functions. In this review, the biological roles of Cip/Kip CKIs in development and tumor suppression are discussed.
Comparative Image Fusion Analysais (2006)

Image fusion is and will be an integral part of many existing and future surveillance systems. However, little or no systematic attempt has been made up to now on studying the relative merits of various fusion techniques and their effectiveness on real multi-sensor imagery. In this paper we provide a method for evaluating the performance of image fusion algorithms. We define a set of measures of effectiveness for comparative performance analysis and then use them on the output of a number of fusion algorithms that have been applied to a set of real passive infrared (IR) and visible band imagery.
Chip-Package Hybrid Clock Distribution Network and DLL for Low Jitter Clock Delivery (2006)

This paper presents a chip-package hybrid clock distribution network and delay-locked loop (DLL) with which to achieve extremely low jitter clock delivery. The proposed hybrid clock distribution network and DLL provide digital noise-free and low-jitter clock signals by utilizing lossless package layer interconnections instead of lossy on-chip global wires with cascaded repeaters. The lossless package layer interconnections become high-frequency waveguides and provide a repeater-free clock distribution network; thus, the clock signal becomes free of on-chip power supply noise. The proposed chip-package hybrid clock scheme has demonstrated a 78-ps peak-to-peak jitter at 500 MHz under a 240-mV on-chip simultaneous switching noise condition versus a conventional clock scheme, which produced a 172-ps peak-to-peak jitter under the same condition. Moreover, the proposed scheme has demonstrated an 80-ps long-term jitter with a 300-mV DC voltage drop test condition, contrasted with the 380-ps long-term jitter of a conventional clock scheme. Finally, the proposed hybrid clock scheme has a confirmed delay of 1.47 ns versus a conventional clock scheme delay of 2.85 ns.
Comparison of Three Commercial Amphetamine Immunoassays for Detection of Methamphetamine, Methylenedioxyamphetamine, Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and Methylenedioxyethylamphetamine* (1988)

Three commercial immunoassays for detection of amphetamines in urine, Abuscreen radioimmunoassay (RIA), enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT), and the TDx fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA), have been investigated for detection of methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDE). Blank urine was spiked with 0.1 to 3000 micrograms/mL amphetamine analog and used as sample in the assays. With the RIA and FPIA, MDA displayed a higher cross-reactivity to amphetamine than other analogs, but with EMIT, methamphetamine was relatively similar to amphetamine while MDA, MDMA, and MDE were less reactive. The high specificity RIA and the EMIT confirmation reagents for urine amphetamines produced significant, but relatively minor, reduction in the detectability of these analogs. The variation in cross-reactivity seen between the different assays suggests that RIA, EMIT, and FPIA antibodies have different recognition sites; however, all three immunoassays do detect the illicit amphetamine analogs to varying degrees.