gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flight mishap prevention for UAVs (2002)

For Uninhabited Air Vehicles (UAVs) to achieve operational levels of flight safety comparable to those of piloted aircraft, it is important to replicate the critical skills and predictive capabilities of the pilot to ensure proper flight mode selection and prioritization of tasking. Each individual combination of modes must be able to accommodate both predetermined as well as unanticipated causes of uncertainty. The system must adapt to these changes based on sensory inputs, as well as be robust against uncertainties that have not been sensed or directly measured by the system. The purpose of Technologies for Reliable Autonomous Control (TRAC), a joint Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company/General Electric/Jet Propulsion Laboratory mission management architecture, is to autonomously accomplish this complex mission and subsystem management task. To do this, it is desirable to provide "outer-loop" compensation for larger sources of disturbances that may require corrective maneuvers, mode switching, or changes to the command inputs to the flight control system. Flight Envelope Protection is one such feature. Based on our analysis of recent UAV data, emergency procedures account for about 26% of mishaps, while errors in operating procedures account for about 10% of mishaps. Thus, Flight Envelope Protection could prevent up to about 36% of mishaps. While there are many points of similarity between UAV Flight Envelope Protection (FEP) and FEP for manned aircraft, a number of new issues arise in the UAV case. Hence, this is not straightforward extension of existing techniques.
Once-daily initiation with biphasic insulin aspart 30 versus insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with oral drugs: an open-label, multinational RCT (2009)

With respect to HbA(1c), BIAsp 30 fulfilled the statistical criteria for non-inferiority and superiority to insulin glargine and, according to pre-defined criteria, the improvements in HbA(1c) are considered clinically equivalent. Subjects had an increased risk of minor nocturnal hypoglycemia with BIAsp 30. There were no differences in treatment satisfaction between the two groups.
Rapamycin-induced glucose intolerance: Hunger or starvation diabetes (2011)

Rapamycin prolongs healthy lifespan in yeast, flies and mammals and delays age-related diseases, including cancer and atherosclerosis. Rapamycin is considered for prevention of diabetic complications, such as retinopathy and nephropathy, and acute treatment with rapamycin decreases insulin resistance. However, under certain conditions, chronic administration of rapamycin may cause glucose intolerance and even provoke type II diabetes. This does not fit logically with its potential effects against diabetic complications. This also seems puzzling, because calorie restriction (CR) can prevent type II diabetes and its complications, and rapamycin mimics CR. It was somehow forgotten that almost two centuries ago, Claude Bernard discovered "starvation diabetes," as shown later, characterized by glucose intolerance, decreased insulin, increased lipoproteins and ketones, gluconeogenesis and hepatic resistance to insulin. This reversible condition is not true diabetes: it does not lead to diabetic complications, and CR extends healthy lifespan. If rapamycin is a CR-mimetic, no wonder it may, in certain models, induce "hunger diabetes." But will rapamycin prevent true type II diabetes? Here are some answers.
A Synthesis System for Analog Circuits Based on Evolutionary Search and Topological Reuse (2005)

We present a method for automated synthesis of analog circuits using evolutionary search and a set of circuit design rules based on topological reuse. The system requires only moderate expert knowledge on part of the user. It allows circuit size, circuit topology, and device values to evolve. The circuit representation scheme employs a topological reuse-based approach-it uses commonly used subcircuits for analog design as inputs and utilizes these to create the final circuit. The connectivity between these blocks is governed by a well-defined set of rules and the scheme is capable of representing most standard analog circuit topologies. The system operation consists of two phases-in the first phase, the circuit size and topology are evolved. A limited amount of device sizing also occurs in this phase. The second phase consists entirely of device value optimization. The design of the evaluation function-which evaluates each generated circuit using SPICE simulations-has also been automated to a great extent. The evaluation function is generated automatically depending on a behavioral description of the circuit. We present several experimental results obtained using this scheme, including two types of comparators, two types of oscillators, and an XOR logic gate. The generated circuits closely resemble hand designed circuits. The computational needs of the system are modest.
Ribosomal Protein Insufficiency and the Minute Syndrome in Drosophila: A Dose-Response Relationship (1998)

Minutes comprise > 50 phenotypically similar mutations scattered throughout the genome of Drosophila, many of which are identified as mutations in ribosomal protein (rp) genes. Common traits of the Minute phenotype are short and thin bristles, slow development, and recessive lethality. By mobilizing a P element inserted in the 5' UTR of M(3)95A, the gene encoding ribosomal protein S3 (RPS3), we have generated two homozygous viable heteroalleles that are partial revertants with respect to the Minute phenotype. Molecular characterization revealed both alleles to be imprecise excisions, leaving 40 and 110 bp, respectively, at the P-element insertion site. The weaker allele (40 bp insert) is associated with a approximately 15% decrease in RPS3 mRNA abundance and displays a moderate Minute phenotype. In the stronger allele (110 bp insert) RPS3 mRNA levels are reduced by approximately 60%, resulting in an extreme Minute phenotype that includes many morphological abnormalities as well as sterility in both males and females due to disruption of early gametogenesis. The results show that there is a correlation between reduced RPS3 mRNA levels and the severity of the Minute phenotype, in which faulty differentiation of somatic tissues and arrest of gametogenesis represent the extreme case. That heteroalleles in M(3)95A can mimic the phenotypic variations that exist between different Minute/rp-gene mutations strongly suggests that all phenotypes primarily are caused by reductions in maximum protein synthesis rates, but that the sensitivity for reduced levels of the individual rp-gene products is different.
A robust-control-relevant model validation approach for continuously variable transmission control (2010)

High performance continuously variable transmission (CVT) operation requires a reliable control design for its actuation system. The aim of the present paper is to design a high performance robust controller for a range of operating conditions. High performance robust control is achieved by identifying a robust-control-relevant model set that represents the relevant dynamics of the actuation system for a range of operating conditions. Specifically, a new coordinate frame for representing model uncertainty is adopted that transparently connects the size of the model uncertainty and the control criterion, consequently a nonconservative control design can be obtained. Subsequent robust control synthesis reveals that robust performance has been significantly improved over the entire operating range, with respect to both the criterion value and relevant simulated and measured closed-loop step responses.
Altered Expression of Pdgfrα and Its Downstream Signalling Components May be Causal in the Development of Imatinib Induced Thrombocytopenia in CML Patients Receiving Imatinib Treatment (2017)

Abstract Background: The main regulators of most of the cellular signalling pathways are protein kinases. Among these the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play important roles in cellular growth and proliferation by transmitting extracellular messages to intracellular signalling circuits. An important component of the intracellular circuits is the (PDGFR/PI3K/Akt/mTOR) pathway. Aberrant functioning of this pathway is known to occur in a number of diseases through various mechanisms. We report here that expression of PDGFRα gene and its downstream signalling components viz. PI3K and AKT is down regulated after imatinib treatment in some CML patients on imatinib therapy and may be a causal in the development of imatinib induced thrombocytopenia in these patients. Methods: A cohort of 100 chronic phase CML patients admitted to the Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India were included in this study. After initiation of imatinib treatment, haematological response of CML patients was monitored regularly for two years, in which development of thrombocytopenia was the primary end point. Total RNA, from blood samples of CML patients, was extracted using Trizol method. RNA concentration was determined by measuring absorbance at 260 nm. A cDNA synthesis kit (ThermoFisher Scientific, USA) was used for cDNA synthesis according to the manufacturer's instructions. The mRNA expression of all the genes was evaluated by quantitative SYBR Green based real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and results were expressed as fold change (2-∆∆ct). Results: Expression of PDGFRα, PI3K and AKT1 genes was significantly downregulated after imatinib treatment with a fold change (Mean + SD) of (2.12 + 0.41, 2.38 + 0.53 and 4.78 + 0.38 respectively) in CML patients receiving imatinib therapy (p Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Linearization of Radio-Relay Transmitters by a Predistortion Upconverter (1981)

A new principle for linearizing a radio-relay transmitter is described. The method operates according to predistortion principle and uses two parallel-connected upconverters whose operation points are set differently. One of the mixers has a high intercept-point, while the other works in the nonlinear region so that the output signal component is distorted. If the mixer configuration has nonlinear characteristics equivalent to those of the transmit amplifier, a cancellation of the distortion signals is possible. The principle has been tested in the 6-GHz band. A reduction of about 20 dB for 3rd-order IM products has been achieved. For an intermediate frequency of 70 MHz a bandwidth of about 30 ··· 40 MHz has been obtained.
Overflow handling in inner-product processors (2000)

In complemented coded arithmetic, overflow can occur and the final result could be incorrect. We present in this brief an extended precision technique to carry out chained additions without error using a datapath whose width is minimum, dictated only by the required precision, not the prevention of overflow. The technique is based on the use of an up/down counter that is controlled by overflow conditions after each add operation. The proposed technique is superior to traditional approaches of controlling overflow since it does not require extending the width of the datapath or limiting the dynamic range of data. We illustrate how the technique is used in three hardware structures that perform the inner-product operation.
Effect of biotherapeutics on cyclosporin‐induced<i>Clostridium difficile</i>infection in mice (2010)

Cyclosporin led to the development of mild to moderate CDAD in animals. Administration of biotherapeutics reduced the severity of CDAD. Future clinical trials are needed for further investigation of these potential biotherapeutic measures.
The perception of art and the science of perception (2012)

For many centuries, artists have studied the nature of visual experience and how to convincingly render what we see. The results of these investigations can be found in all the countless artworks deposited in museums and galleries around the world. Works of art represent a rich source of ideas and understanding about how the world appears to us, and only relatively recently have those interested in the science of vision started to appreciate the many discoveries made by artists in this field. In this paper I will discuss some key insights into vision and perception revealed by artists, and show how they can help current thinking in science and technology about how best to understand the process of seeing. In particular, I will suggest some artistic ideas continue to present fundamental challenges to conventional ideas about the nature of visual experience and how it is represented.
Predicting Floor-Level for 911 Calls with Neural Networks and Smartphone Sensor Data (2017)

In cities with tall buildings, emergency responders need an accurate floor level location to find 911 callers quickly. We introduce a system to estimate a victim's floor level via their mobile device's sensor data in a two-step process. First, we train a neural network to determine when a smartphone enters or exits a building via GPS signal changes. Second, we use a barometer equipped smartphone to measure the change in barometric pressure from the entrance of the building to the victim's indoor location. Unlike impractical previous approaches, our system is the first that does not require the use of beacons, prior knowledge of the building infrastructure, or knowledge of user behavior. We demonstrate real-world feasibility through 63 experiments across five different tall buildings throughout New York City where our system predicted the correct floor level with 100% accuracy.
Multicellular Compartmentation of <i>Catharanthus roseus</i> Alkaloid Biosynthesis Predicts Intercellular Translocation of a Pathway Intermediate (1999)

In situ RNA hybridization and immunocytochemistry were used to establish the cellular distribution of monoterpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis in Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus). Tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) and strictosidine synthase (STR1), which are involved in the biosynthesis of the central intermediate strictosidine, and desacetoxyvindoline 4-hydroxylase (D4H) and deacetylvindoline 4-O-acetyltransferase (DAT), which are involved in the terminal steps of vindoline biosynthesis, were localized. tdc and str1 mRNAs were present in the epidermis of stems, leaves, and flower buds, whereas they appeared in most protoderm and cortical cells around the apical meristem of root tips. In marked contrast, d4h and dat mRNAs were associated with the laticifer and idioblast cells of leaves, stems, and flower buds. Immunocytochemical localization for TDC, D4H, and DAT proteins confirmed the differential localization of early and late stages of vindoline biosynthesis. Therefore, we concluded that the elaboration of the major leaf alkaloids involves the participation of at least two cell types and requires the intercellular translocation of a pathway intermediate. A basipetal gradient of expression in maturing leaves also was shown for all four genes by in situ RNA hybridization studies and by complementary studies with dissected leaves, suggesting that expression of the vindoline pathway occurs transiently during early leaf development. These results partially explain why attempts to produce vindoline by cell culture technology have failed.
HBA: Distributed Metadata Management for Large Cluster-Based Storage Systems (2008)

An efficient and distributed scheme for file mapping or file lookup is critical in decentralizing metadata management within a group of metadata servers. This paper presents a novel technique called Hierarchical Bloom Filter Arrays (HBA) to map filenames to the metadata servers holding their metadata. Two levels of probabilistic arrays, namely, the Bloom filter arrays with different levels of accuracies, are used on each metadata server. One array, with lower accuracy and representing the distribution of the entire metadata, trades accuracy for significantly reduced memory overhead, whereas the other array, with higher accuracy, caches partial distribution information and exploits the temporal locality of file access patterns. Both arrays are replicated to all metadata servers to support fast local lookups. We evaluate HBA through extensive trace-driven simulations and implementation in Linux. Simulation results show our HBA design to be highly effective and efficient in improving the performance and scalability of file systems in clusters with 1,000 to 10,000 nodes (or superclusters) and with the amount of data in the petabyte scale or higher. Our implementation indicates that HBA can reduce the metadata operation time of a single-metadata-server architecture by a factor of up to 43.9 when the system is configured with 16 metadata servers.
Classification of the ultrasound liver images with the 2N×1-D wavelet transform (2002)

The authors propose a new separable extension of the 1-D wavelet transform to the 2-D case and describe its application to the texture characterization problem. Comparing to previous decompositions, with the same resolution levels for each subband in horizontal and vertical directions, the new method has different resolutions for different directions. The new algorithm is applied to 84 ultrasound liver images, to detect liver cirrhosis in it's early stage. The classification accuracy was 92%. The method was compared to other texture description methods (gray level cooccurrence, Laws filters, pyramid and tree structured wavelet decompositions). The proposed 2N/spl times/1-D wavelet decomposition, gave the highest classification rate, showing its applicability for the approach based analysis of the large class of natural textures.
Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of New Hetero-Bimetallic Complexes (1993)

Abstract Heterobimetallic complexes of the type [Cu(TETA) C12MCl2] where M = Si, Ge, Sn, Ti or Zr, TETA-H2 = (triethylene tetramine) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, EPR spectra, electronic spectra, IR spectra, far-IR spectra and conductivity measurements. The complex [Cu(TETA)Cl2 SnPh2] has also been prepared. The results indicate that the compound [Cu(TETA-H2)]Cl2 is square planar and ionic in nature, while its bimetallic complexes, [Cu(TETA)Cl MCl2] and [Cu(TETA)Cl2SnPh2], have an octahedral environment around the Cu(II) ion. Another series of compounds of the type [Cu(TETA)C12M(TMDTC)2] has been prepared by the direct interaction of [Cu(TETA)Cl MCl2] with tetramethylenedithiocarbamate (TMDTC) in a 1:2 ratio in methanol. In these complexes, an octahedral stereochemistry around the Group IV metal has been observed in which the TMDTC acts as a bidentate ligand.
The lichen symbiosis (1967)

The Mycobiont (Fungal Symbiont). The Photobiont (Photosynthetic Symbiont). Biont Interactions I--Development of Synthetic and Natural Lichens. Biont Interactions II--Carbohydrate Movement. Biont Interactions III--Physiology of Lichens. Lichens, Bionts, and Air Pollution. Molecular Biology of Lichens. Appendix. Literature Cited. Indexes.
Improvement of Atopic Dermatitis and Reduction of Skin Allergic Responses by Oral Intake of Konjac Ceramide (2006)

Although topical application of ceramide is effective in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, its effect is transient. Thus, the effect of oral intake of ceramide on atopic dermatitis was studied. Two groups of 25 children with moderate atopic dermatitis, who were allergic to house dust mite took either milk sugar (control group) or 1.8 mg/day of konjac ceramide in milk sugar (ceramide group) once a day for 2 weeks. Before and after 2 weeks, skin symptoms were assessed using the SCORAD index, while allergic skin responses to house dust mite were assessed by skin prick test. Moreover, production of allergen-specific IgE and various cytokines by mononuclear cells was measured. After 2 weeks, SCORAD index score, allergic skin responses to house dust mite and house dust mite-specific IgE production were significantly reduced in the ceramide group, but not in the control group. Moreover, house dust mite-induced cytokine production was skewed towards the Th1 type, since production of Th1 cytokine, IFN-gamma, and IL-12, was increased, while production of Th2 cytokine, IL-4, and IL-13, was decreased. In contrast, no change of these parameters was found in control group. Collectively, oral intake of konjac ceramide improved skin symptoms and reduced allergic responses with concomitant skewing of the cytokine pattern towards the Th1 type.
A framework of service oriented semantic search engine (2011)

A service oriented semantic search engine framework is proposed to extract automatically and accurately information on service provider on the Internet. Domain knowledge on theme and abstract service provider are modeled by ontology to guide information extraction. Theme identification for each web page is executed after the page is fetched by search engine. A page or a part of content of a page is assigned a theme. Concrete service provider entity and attributes are extracted from content of web pages based on themes of the pages. Several algorithms are developed. Computational experiments demonstrate that service oriented semantic search engine shows high recall rate and precision. Highest recall rate of concrete service provider entity exceeds 97% on tested web sites. Precision of concrete service provider entity reaches up to 100% on two tested web sites. It also shows good recall rate and precision of concrete service provider attributes.
New Paradigm for Allosteric Regulation of Escherichia coli Aspartate Transcarbamoylase (2013)

For nearly 60 years, the ATP activation and the CTP inhibition of Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase) has been the textbook example of allosteric regulation. We present kinetic data and five X-ray structures determined in the absence and presence of a Mg(2+) concentration within the physiological range. In the presence of 2 mM divalent cations (Mg(2+), Ca(2+), Zn(2+)), CTP does not significantly inhibit the enzyme, while the allosteric activation by ATP is enhanced. The data suggest that the actual allosteric inhibitor of ATCase in vivo is the combination of CTP, UTP, and a divalent cation, and the actual allosteric activator is a divalent cation with ATP or ATP and GTP. The structural data reveals that two NTPs can bind to each allosteric site with a divalent cation acting as a bridge between the triphosphates. Thus, the regulation of ATCase is far more complex than previously believed and calls many previous studies into question. The X-ray structures reveal that the catalytic chains undergo essentially no alternations; however, several regions of the regulatory chains undergo significant structural changes. Most significant is that the N-terminal region of the regulatory chains exists in different conformations in the allosterically activated and inhibited forms of the enzyme. Here, a new model of allosteric regulation is proposed.
Quantitation of anterior descending vs. circumflex venous drainage in the canine great cardiac vein and coronary sinus (1978)

The fractions of left anterior descending (LAD) and circumflex (LC) inflow drainage into the canine great cardiac vein (GCV) and coronary sinus (CS) have been quantitated by use of a right heart bypass preparation in which GCV outflow was isolated from the remainder of CS outflow. Following direct LAD injection of indocyanine green dye (ICG), 63 +/- 8% (SD) of the total amount of dye recovered appeared in GCV outflow and the remainder in CS outflow. CS recovery of ICG was decreased appreciably by ligation of epicardial venous connections between the LAD and LC beds, but was not affected by selective reductions of LAD or LC inflow. Only 3 +/- 3% of ICG injected into the LC was recovered in GVC outflow under basal conditions, and these low values were not affected measurably by selective reductions of LAD or LC inflow. CS drainage of LAD inflow could be augmented by selective increments of GCV pressure exceeding 7-10 mmHg. Increments of LC drainage in GCV outflow required CS pressures that exceeded GCV pressures by greater than 10 mmHg.