gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calcium channelopathies in inherited neurological disorders: relevance to drug screening for acquired channel disorders. (2010)

Mutations located in the human genes encoding voltage-gated calcium channels are responsible for a variety of diseases referred to as calcium channelopathies, including familial hemiplegic migraine, episodic ataxia type 2, spinocerebellar ataxia type 6, childhood absence epilepsy and autism spectrum disorder, all of which are rare inherited forms of common neurological disorders. The genetic basis of these calcium channelopathies provides a unique opportunity to investigate their underlying mechanisms from the molecular to whole-organism levels. Studies of channelopathies provide insight on the relationships between channel structure and function, and reveal diverse and unexpected physiological roles for the channels. Importantly, these studies may also lead to the identification of drugs for the treatment of genetically acquired channel disorders, as well as to novel therapeutic practices. In this feature review, recent findings regarding neurological calcium channelopathies are discussed.
Development of Pediatric Neurosurgery (2000)

Accessible online at: www.karger.com/journals/pne This issue of Pediatric Neurosurgery contains an essay by Ken R. Winston on the history of and arguments for subspecialization in pediatric neurosurgery. ‘Pediatric Neurosurgery: Pride and Prejudice’ makes a clear argument for the development of subspecialties within surgical practice and defines the role of societies and periodicals in its development. It also makes it clear that the beneficiary of this progress is the child. Pediatric Neurosurgery has published 3 Presidential Addresses on this same topic. It is important that we periodically revisit this issue. We must keep a clear eye on the prize, better care for children with surgical problems of the nervous system. Only with participation and advocacy by us pediatric neurosurgeons through research and publication will this evolutionary process move toward better care.
Genomic transcriptional profiling of the developmental cycle of <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> (2003)

Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the most common bacterial pathogens and is the etiological agent of debilitating sexually transmitted and ocular diseases in humans. The organism is an obligate intracellular prokaryote characterized by a highly specialized biphasic developmental cycle. We have performed genomic transcriptional analysis of the chlamydial developmental cycle. This approach has led to the identification of a small subset of genes that control the primary (immediate-early genes) and secondary (late genes) differentiation stages of the cycle. Immediate-early gene products initiate bacterial metabolism and potentially modify the bacterial phagosome to escape fusion with lysosomes. One immediate early gene (CT147) is a homolog of the human early endosomal antigen-1 that is localized to the chlamydial phagosome; suggesting a functional role for CT147 in establishing the parasitophorous vacuole in a nonfusogenic pathway. Late gene products terminate bacterial cell division and constitute structural components and remodeling activities involved in the formation of the highly disulfide cross-linked outer-membrane complex that functions in attachment and invasion of new host cells. Many of the genes expressed during the immediate-early and late differentiation stages are Chlamydia-specific and have evolutionary origins in eukaryotic lineages.
The Global Transcriptional Effects of the Human Papillomavirus E6 Protein in Cervical Carcinoma Cell Lines Are Mediated by the E6AP Ubiquitin Ligase (2005)

The function of the human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 protein that is most clearly linked to carcinogenesis is the targeted degradation of p53, which is dependent on the E6AP ubiquitin ligase. Additional functions have been attributed to E6, including the stimulation of telomerase activity and the targeted degradation of other cellular proteins, but in most cases it is unclear whether these activities are also E6AP dependent. While E6 clearly influences the transcriptional program of HPV-positive cell lines through the inactivation of p53, it has been shown that at least a subset of its p53-independent functions are also reflected in the transcriptional program. For this study, we have determined the extent to which E6AP is involved in mediating the set of E6 functions that impact on the global transcriptional program of HPV-positive cell lines. The transcriptional profiles of approximately 31,000 genes were characterized for three cell lines (HeLa, Caski, and SiHa cells) after small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated silencing of E6 or E6AP. We found that E6 and E6AP siRNAs elicited nearly identical alterations in the transcriptional profile of each cell line. Some of the expression alterations were apparent secondary effects of p53 stabilization, while the basis of most other changes was not reconcilable with previously proposed E6 functions. While expression changes of the TERT gene (telomerase catalytic subunit) were not revealed by the array, telomerase repeat amplification protocol assays showed that both E6 and E6AP knockouts resulted in a suppression of telomerase activity. Together, these results suggest that E6AP mediates a broad spectrum of E6 functions, including virtually all functions that impact on the transcriptional program of HPV-positive cell lines.
Customer loyalty and the role of relationship length (2012)

Purpose The objective of this study is to examine the effect of corporate image, perceived value, and switching costs on customer loyalty in customer/provider relationships of different length. Design/methodology/approach Five key constructs, namely: corporate image, perceived value, switching costs, customer loyalty, and length of relationship, were employed. Using a systematic sampling technique, student interviewers randomly approached customers exiting hair salons. The final survey sample consisted of 279 respondents. Findings This paper supports a contingency model with regard to customer loyalty and its antecedents. The results suggest that corporate image impacts customer loyalty in both newer and older relationships. Whereas in newer relationships, corporate image has a cardinal influence on switching costs, in more‐established relationships switching costs are influenced primarily by perceived value. In both cases, switching costs influence customer loyalty. Research limitations/implications As extant research claims that relationship quality, and not length, moderates the relationship between loyalty/repurchase behavior and their antecedents, future research could adopt relationship quality as a moderator to test the model of the present study. Practical implications The results support the importance of enhancing corporate image to retain newer customers. In longer‐established relationships, corporate image remains a determinant of repurchase decisions. However, customer value also has a significant influence on switching costs and loyalty. Originality/value The current study moves beyond customer‐perceived value, switching costs, and corporate image to demonstrate that relationship length has a significant influence on customer loyalty.
Cyclic lipopeptide profile of the plant-beneficial endophytic bacterium Bacillus subtilis HC8 (2012)

In a previous study (Malfanova et al. in Microbial Biotech 4:523-532, 2011), we described the isolation and partial characterization of the biocontrol endophytic bacterium B. subtilis HC8. Using thin-layer chromatography, we have detected several bioactive antifungal compounds in the methanolic extract from the acid-precipitated supernatant of HC8. In the present study, we have further analyzed this methanolic extract using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Based on the comparison of retention times and molecular masses with those of known antifungal compounds, we identified three families of lipopeptide antibiotics. These include four iturins A having fatty acyl chain lengths of C14 to C17, eight fengycins A (from C14 to C18 and from C15 to C17 containing a double bond in the acyl chain), four fengycins B (C15 to C18), and five surfactins (C12 to C16). Evaluation of the antifungal activity of the isolated lipopeptides showed that fengycins are the most active ones. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an endophytic Bacillus subtilis producing all three major families of lipopeptide antibiotics containing a very heterogeneous mixture of homologues. The questions remain open which of these lipopeptides (1) are being produced during interaction with the plant and (2) are contributing to the biocontrol activity of HC8.
Intraperitoneal Injection of Mice (1969)

Steward, Ornellas, Beernink, and Northway (2) reported a 14% error in the placement of intraperitoneal injections of mice. They considered this error inherent in the technique and not simply correctable. We similarly found an error in the intraperitoneal injection of mice and attempted to identify the cause of error by varying such technical procedures as size of needle, site of penetration (through lower left versus lower right quadrant), investigator, angle of needle to the abdominal wall, and speed of injection. None of these technical modifications consistently eliminated or reduced the error of placement.
A Family of Dunces: Trivial RFID Identification and Authentication Protocols. (2006)

Abstract. Security and privacy in RFID systems is an important and active research area. A number of challenges arise due to the extremely limited computational, storage and communication abilities of a typical RFID tag. This paper describes a step-by-step construction of a family of simple protocols for inexpensive untraceable identification and authentication of RFID tags. This work is aimed primarily at RFID tags that are capable of performing a small number of inexpensive conventional (as opposed to public key) cryptographic operations. It also represents the first result geared for so-called batch mode of RFID scanning whereby the identification (and/or authentication) of tags is delayed. Proposed protocols involve minimal interaction between a tag and a reader and place very low computational burden on the tag. Notably, they also impose low computational load on back-end servers. 1
A low-jitter guaranteed-rate scheduling algorithm for packet-switched ip routers (2009)

A guaranteed-rate scheduling algorithm for packet-switched IP routers with rate, delay and jitter guarantees is proposed. The algorithm can be used to schedule traffic with 100% throughput in Input-Queued IP routers with unity speedup. The traffic is scheduled according to transmission frames of duration F time-slots. An N x N doubly stochastic traffic rate matrix specifies a traffic rate between each pair of IO ports. The matrix is quantized and recursively decomposed into a sequence of F permutations. Each permutation is used to configure the crossbar switch for one time-slot without requiring additional scheduling. The recursive fair stochastic matrix decomposition is based upon the routing of a permutation through a binary rearrangeable network. In the resulting transmission schedule, the expected Inter-Departure Time (IDT) of a cell equals the Ideal IDT (IIDT), and the maximum IDT and service lag of a cell are bounded by an integer number of IIDTs. The delay and delay jitter experienced along an end-to-end path in a packet-switched IP/MPLS network are therefore small and bounded by an integer number of IIDTs, and the buffer sizes within the IP routers are small and bounded. The proposed algorithm can be used to schedule Guaranteed-Rate traffic in packet-switched IP/MPLS networks, to provide near-optimal queueing delays and essentially-zero delay jitter along end-toend paths when playback buffers are employed.
Roles of different coli surface antigens of colonization factor antigen II in colonization by and protective immunogenicity of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in rabbits (1990)

The roles of the subcomponents of colonization factor antigen II, the coli surface antigens CS1, CS2, and CS3, as colonization factors and protective antigens was studied in a nonligated rabbit intestine model (RITARD). Infection with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) carrying CS3 alone or CS1 plus CS3 induced diarrhea in most (80%) of the rabbits, whereas nonenterotoxigenic strains expressing CS1 or CS2 rarely induced diarrhea. Strains carrying CS1, CS2, or CS3 alone were all shed in stools for a significantly longer period than normal fecal flora-type E. coli. Initial infection with ETEC positive for CS1 plus CS3 induced significant protection against disease caused by reinfection with a highly diarrheagenic dose of the homologous strain; rabbits previously infected with serotype-heterologous, nontoxigenic bacteria carrying CS1 only were also protected against this challenge, whereas no such protection was induced by serogroup-homologous E. coli carrying CS2 only. Animals previously infected with CS1-, CS3-, or CS1-plus-CS3-positive bacteria excreted the CS1-plus-CS3 challenge strain for a significantly shorter period than did "nonimmunized" rabbits, whereas initial infection with bacteria carrying CS2 only did not result in such reduced shedding. Monoclonal antibodies against CS1, CS2, or CS3 all protected against experimental infection with ETEC carrying the corresponding CS factor. These results suggest that all the subcomponents of colonization factor antigen II are colonization factors and may induce anticolonization immunity.
Customers' perceptions on the importance of hotel web site dimensions and attributes (2005)

Purpose Hotels at present have largely adopted e‐commerce to achieve different business goals. The existing hospitality literature, however, rarely investigates the importance of specific dimensions and attributes of hotel web sites from the perspective of web site users. In other words, what should be included on their branded hotel web sites remains unknown to hotel managers. This paper aims to report an exploratory study that investigated the perceived importance of dimensions and attributes on hotel web sites from the perspective of travellers. Design/methodology/approach Through personal interviews with 304 travellers who had previously visited hotel web sites in the past year, the extent to which various hotel web site dimensions and attributes were perceived as important was examined. Findings Empirical results indicated that respondents viewed reservation information as the most important dimension, and room rates as the most important attribute. In addition, respondents viewed that the included dimensions and attributes were more important on web sites of up‐scale hotels than on web sites of economy hotels. Research limitations/implications A limitation of this research is the non‐random sample used. Originality/value Findings of this study would benefit hotel managers in better understanding of the preferences of their customers on specific hotel web site dimensions and attributes, and assist hotel managers with the allocation of their efforts on e‐commerce development accordingly.
Multicast and self-routing in ATM radix trees and banyan networks (2002)

Considers methods that perform all point-to-multipoint permutations in ATM radix tree and banyan networks. The authors investigate the relationship between the structure of the routing tab and the ease of performing multicasting. They first consider a simple explicit addressing scheme that requires (N-1)(log/sub 2/N+1) routing bits. They then present an addressing filtering scheme that requires N routing bits. Next they propose a new method, the vertex isolation addressing (VIA) scheme, which requires r(N-1)/(r-1) bits for radix-r tree networks. Thus for binary trees the routing tab i 2(N-1) bits long and as r approaches N the routing tab approaches N bits. The authors demonstrate that the "excess" bits in the VIA routing tab provide certain error detection capabilities. Encoding and decoding algorithms and hardware implementations for the VIA method are presented. Modified VIA schemes are then investigated for large tree networks. Finally the authors show that the VIA scheme and its modifications are applicable to banyan networks.
A Cepstrum-based technique for disparity detection in a stereo vision system (2002)

Recovery of depth information for 3-D modeling of surfaces and objects is a central problem in low-level computer vision. A number of applications related to reconstruction, representation, and recognition of scenes and objects in the three-dimensional geometry of the real world rely on the correct estimation of range data. In stereo vision, depth information is obtained from triangulation of corresponding points in a pair of stereo images. The automatic determination of local similarity between two data sets or collections of pixels is fundamental in a depth-algorithm from stereo algorithm for numerical evaluation of disparities. In this paper, the use of the Cepstrum transformation as a disparity measurement technique between corresponding windows of different block sizes is described. This measurement process is embedded within a coarse to fine stereopsis algorithm, providing an initial depth map with the depth information encoded as gray levels. In real stereo imagery the features to be used as information in the matching procedure are usually sparsely and irregularly distributed over the images. For that reason, obtention of a dense array of depth data is a difficult task in passive methods. This paper makes emphasis in surface recovery of smooth curved surfaces with application to depth estimation of medical images. Examples and experimental results using random dot stereograms and real imagery are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reproducibility of measurements of upper airway area by acoustic reflection (1989)

To evaluate the extent and nature of the variability of measurements of upper airway area by acoustic reflection (AAAR), we made repeated measures of pharyngeal AAAR in 10 normal adult volunteers. We selected mean pharyngeal area as a better index of upper airway size than peak pharyngeal area or pharyngeal volume. Within-run variability of this measure was 8 +/- 4% (SD) (coeff of variation). This variability could not be explained by changes in lung volume or differences in phase of respiration. Five subjects had tracheal and pharyngeal area measured by using both the custom-made wax mouthpiece (W) and a commercial rubber pulmonary function mouthpiece (R). Reproducibility of pharyngeal AAAR was within 10% (coeff of variation) using R, but measurements of pharyngeal AAAR varied with the different types of mouthpiece, as W/R ranged from 0.72 to 1.70. In contrast, measurements of midtracheal area were similar for both mouthpiece types [mean W/R = 0.97 +/- 14 (SD)]. The acoustic reflection technique yields a reproducible index of pharyngeal size that does not vary with phase of respiration or modest changes in lung volume. Either W or R may be used to make clinical measurements, but the type of mouthpiece should be consistent and specified.
Dive times for foraging dugongs in the Northern Territory. (2001)

THERE are few published studies of dive times of dugongs (Dugong dugon). Direct observations are problematic because D. dugon are shy and difficult to observe in the wild from boats without creating observer effects. Time Depth Recorders (TDR’s) can record dive and surface times during dive behaviour, but there are no published data as yet for D. dugon using this technology. Although studies on dive times using Time Depth Recorders (TDR’s) result in larger data sets, their results are difficult to relate to particular behaviours such as foraging. This paper provides submergence and surface interval times for D. dugon obtained by direct observations in Darwin Harbour. Direct observations, although time consuming, can produce important information related to the ecology of D. dugon.
ANTIFERTILITY EFFECT OF ANORDRIN IN RABBITS WITH REFERENCE TO PROGESTERONE AND ESTROGEN LEVEL (1984)

1.A single dose of Anordrin(10.5 mg/kg)was orally administered on day 1post coitus,laparotomy was performed on day 11 to examine the number of implanta-tion sites.The number of implantation sites in the treated group was 0.4±0.4(mean±SEM),instead of 9.7±1.6 as in the control group.2.The rabbits were fed consecutively with 3 doses of Anordrin(5 mg/kg perday)on days 7,8,9 post coitus.On day 17 post coitus,laparotomy was performed toexamine the development of embryos.The number of fetuses in the control groupwas 7.5±1.1;in the treated group,surviving and dead fetuses were respectively0.3±0.3 and 7.0±0.5.3.Plasma concentration of progesterone started to decrease on the eleventhday after mating,but the plasma concentration of estrogen was not changed.
Electrochemical differentiation between aluminised and galvanised steels in aerated chloride environments (1993)

The potential measurements in NaCl solutions of varying concentrations carried out separately on galvanised steel and aluminised steel, each coupled galvanically with mild steel, have shown continuous rise of potential with increase in the concentration of NaCl in both the cases. For the aluminised steel-mild steel couple, the protective potential of −760 mV is reached close to the NaCl concentration of 2%, while the potential in the case of galvanised steel-mild steel couple has always been above the protective potential, right from the beginning, within the concentration range of NaCl (upto 3%) studied. The current and potential measurements in 0.1% NaCl solution have shown that the resistance of the surface film on aluminised steel grows from 1.037 ×103 ohm to 5.500×103 ohm within the test duration ranging from 20 hours to 100 hours and that on the galvanised steel increases from 0.90×103 ohm to 2.307×103 ohm within the test span ranging from 30 hours to 100 hours. The low current found to have been associated with the aluminised steel-mild steel couple is not sufficient to bring the potential at the required protective level for the protection, while about 4 times higher current measured in the galvanised-mild steel couple helps it in attaining the protective potential.
Automatic generation of Human Machine Interface screens from component-based reconfigurable virtual manufacturing cell (2013)

Increasing complexity and decreasing time-to-market require changes in the traditional way of building automation systems. The paper describes a novel approach to automatically generate the Human Machine Interface (HMI) screens for component-based manufacturing cells based on their corresponding virtual models. Manufacturing cells are first prototyped and commissioned within a virtual engineering environment to validate and optimise the control behaviour. A framework for reusing the embedded control information in the virtual models to automatically generate the HMI screens is proposed. Finally, for proof of concept, the proposed solution is implemented and tested on a test rig.
318. 4-Aminosalicylic acid and its derivatives (1949)

D. J. Drain, D. D. Martin, B. W. Mitchell, D. E. Seymour and F. S. Spring, J. Chem. Soc., 1949, 1498 DOI: 10.1039/JR9490001498