gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Slow Electron Transfer Rates for Fluorinated Cobalt Porphyrins:  Electronic and Conformational Factors Modulating Metalloporphyrin ET (2003)

The electron transfer (ET) properties of a series of closely related cobalt porphyrins, [2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octafluoro-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrinato]cobalt, CoF(28)TPP, [2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octafluoro-5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl)porphyrinato]cobalt, CoF(8)TPP, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrinato]cobalt, CoF(20)TPP, and [5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato]cobalt, CoTPP, were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, cyclic voltammetric digital simulation, in situ UV-vis and IR spectroelectrochemistry, kinetic ET studies, bulk electrolysis, (19)F NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and molecular modeling. In benzonitrile containing 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate (TBAPF(6)) as supporting electrolyte, the ET rate constants for the Co(2+/3+) redox couples were found to be strongly substituent dependent; the heterogeneous ET rate constant (k(el)) varied by a factor of 10(4), and the ET self-exchange rate constants (k(ex)) varied over 7 orders of magnitude for the compounds studied. The remaining observed ring oxidation and metal and ring reduction events exhibited nearly identical k(el) values for all compounds. UV-vis and IR spectroelectrochemistry, bulk electrolysis, and (19)F NMR spectroscopic studies support attribution of different ET rates to widely varying inner sphere reorganization energies (lambda(i)) for these closely related compounds. Structural and semiempirical (PM3) studies indicate that the divergent kinetic behavior of CoTPP, CoF(8)TPP, CoF(20)TPP, and CoF(28)TPP first oxidations arises mainly from large nuclear reorganization energies primarily associated with core contraction and dilation. Taken together, these studies provide rational design principles for modulating ET rate constants in cobalt porphyrins over an even larger range and provide strategies for similar manipulation of ET rates in other porphyrin-based systems: substituents that lower C-C, C-N, and N-M vibrational frequencies or minimize porphyrin orbital overlap with the metal-centered orbital undergoing a change in electron population will increase k(ET). The heme ruffling apparent in electron transfer proteins such as cytochrome c is interpreted as nature's exploitation of this design strategy.
Balloon Pump with Floating Valves for Portable Liquid Delivery (2016)

In this paper, we propose a balloon pump with floating valves to control the discharge flow rates of sample solutions. Because the floating valves were made from a photoreactive resin, the shapes of the floating valves could be controlled by employing different exposure patterns without any change in the pump configurations. Owing to the simple preparation process of the pump, we succeeded in changing the discharge flow rates in accordance with the number and length of the floating valves. Because our methods could be used to easily prepare balloon pumps with arbitrary discharge properties, we achieved several microfluidic operations by the integration of the balloon pumps with microfluidic devices. Therefore, we believe that the balloon pump with floating valves will be a useful driving component for portable microfluidic systems.
Deriving and Validating User Experience Model for DASH Video Streaming (2015)

Ever since video compression and streaming techniques have been introduced, measurement of perceived video quality has been a non-trivial task. Dynamic adaptive streaming (DASH) over hypertext transfer protocol, is a new worldwide standard for adaptive streaming of video. DASH has introduced an additional level of complexity for measuring perceived video quality, as it varies the video bit rate and quality. In this paper, we study the perceived video quality using DASH. We investigate three factors which impact user perceived video quality: 1) initial delay; 2) stall (frame freezing); and 3) bit rate (frame quality) fluctuation. For each factor, we explore multiple dimensions that can have different effects on perceived quality. For example, in the case of the factor stall, while most previous research have studied how stall duration correlates with user experience, we also consider how the stalls are distributed together with the amount of motion in the video content, since we believe they may also impact user perceived quality. We conduct extensive subjective tests in which a group of subjects provide subjective evaluation while watching DASH videos with one or more artifacts occurring. Based on the subjective tests, we first derive impairment functions which can quantitatively measure the impairment of each factor, and then combine these impairment functions together to formulate an overall user experience model for any DASH video. We validate with high accuracy the user experience model, and demonstrate its applicability to long videos.
Marrow‐derived progenitor cell injections enhance new bone formation during distraction (1999)

Bilateral femoral distraction was performed in rats to investigate whether injections of marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells could be used to facilitate new bone formation. The cells were isolated from whole marrow of 2-6-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats. One-year-old recipient Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five experimental groups. Rats in groups I, II, and III received injections of mesenchymal progenitor cells on days 6 (beginning), 12 (middle), and 18 (end of distraction) after surgery, respectively. Those in group IV received injections of serum and carrier gel alone, and those in group V received no injections. Distraction zones were harvested at 36 days and analyzed for new bone volume within the distraction gap by three-dimensional microcomputed tomography. Significant increases in new bone volume were observed for femora injected with marrow-derived progenitor cells compared with contralateral femora and controls (no injection). The timing of the cell injections appeared to have no effect on the experimental outcome. Histologic analyses demonstrated active formation of new trabecular bone with marked osteoblastic activity and osteoid production. No qualitative differences in histologic appearances of new bone among rats in any of the five groups were seen. The results of in vitro lysis assays indicated that donor and recipient rats were not completely syngenic, leaving some doubt as to the reasons for observed increases in new bone formation. Future work will focus on attempting to repeat these experiments in a fully syngenic rat model. This rat distraction model can be used to explore the molecular and cellular behavior of these progenitor cells in a clinically relevant in vivo environment.
Chemical and Bioactivity Evaluation of<i>Eryngium planum</i>and<i>Cnicus benedictus</i>Polyphenolic-Rich Extracts (2019)

This study evaluated the biological activities of <i>Eryngium planum</i> and <i>of Cnicus benedictus</i> extracts enriched in polyphenols obtained by nanofiltration. The HPLC-MS analysis showed that <i>E. planum</i> contains mainly flavonoids, especially rutin, while in <i>C. benedictus</i> extracts show the high concentration of the phenolic acids, principally the chlorogenic acid and sinapic acid. Herein, there is the first report of ursolic acid, genistin, and isorhamnetin in <i>E. planum</i> and <i>C. benedictus. C. benedictus</i> polyphenolic-rich extract showed high scavenging activity (IC<sub>50</sub>=0.0081 mg/mL) comparable to that of standard compound (ascorbic acid) and a higher reducing power (IC<sub>50</sub>= 0.082 mg/mL), with IC<sub>50</sub> having a significantly lower value than IC<sub>50</sub> for ascorbic acid. Both extracts were nontoxic to NCTC cell line. Among the investigated herbs, <i>E. planum</i> polyphenolic-rich extract showed the highest inhibitory activities with the IC<sub>50</sub> value of 31.3 <i>μ</i>g/mL for lipoxygenase and 24.6 <i>μ</i>g/mL for hyaluronidase. Both polyphenolic-rich extracts had a higher inhibitory effect on <i>α</i>-amylase and <i>α</i>-glucosidase than that of the acarbose. The synergistic effect of ursolic acid, rutin, chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid, genistin, and daidzein identified in polyphenolic-rich extracts could be mainly responsible for the pharmacological potentials of the studied extracts used in managing inflammation and diabetes.
Marine natural products (2005)

This review covers the literature published in 2003 for marine natural products, with 619 citations (413 for the period January to December 2003) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green algae, brown algae, red algae, sponges, coelenterates, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates and echinoderms. The emphasis is on new compounds (656 for 2003), together with their relevant biological activities, source organisms and country or origin. Biosynthetic studies or syntheses that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries have been included (78), including any first total syntheses of a marine natural product.
Dynamic tuning of the contention window minimum (CW/sub min/) for enhanced service differentiation in IEEE 802.11 wireless ad-hoc networks (2005)

The proposed IEEE 802.11e draft standard defines new MAC protocols for QoS in wireless networks, mainly HCF (hybrid coordination function) and EDCF (enhanced distributed coordination function). EDCF is a contention-based channel access scheme and is part of HCF for infrastructure networks and may be used as a separate coordination function for wireless ad-hoc networks. We propose to extend EDCF with a dynamic adaptation algorithm for the minimum contention window (CW/sub min/) that enables each station to tune the size of the CW/sub min/ used in its back-off algorithm at run time. The purpose of our scheme is to reduce delay and jitter and increase the efficiency of the transmission channel. Priorities between access categories are provisioned by tuning the size of the CW/sub min/ according to application requirements and channel conditions. The performances of the IEEE 802.11e EDCF, enhanced with our adaptation algorithm, are extensively investigated by simulation. Results obtained indicate that the CW/sub min/ adaptation scheme outperforms the 802.11e EDCF standard in terms of channel utilization, throughput, and packet delay. Indeed, the delay for the high priority access category decreases by up to 30%, total throughput increases by up to 18%, and channel capacity is at least 15% higher.
New Compound in the System SrO‐Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> (1986)

A new compound, 12SrO·7Al 2 O 3 , is formed from an amorphous material prepared by the simultaneous hydrolysis of strontium and aluminum alkoxides. It has a cubic unit cell with a =1.2325 nm. The structure contains tetrahedral AlO 4 groups and octahedral AlO 6 groups. This compound decomposes into 3SrO·Al 2 O 3 and SrO·Al 2 O 3 at higher temperatures.
DNA Microarray Assay Helps to Identify Functional Genes Specific for Leukemia Stem Cells (2013)

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disease derived from an abnormal hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) and is consistently associated with the formation of Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are highly effective in treating chronic phase CML but do not eliminate leukemia stem cells (LSCs), which are believed to be related to disease relapse. Therefore, one major challenge in the current CML research is to understand the biology of LSCs and to identify the molecular difference between LSCs and its normal stem cell counterparts. Comparing the gene expression profiles between LSCs and normal HSCs by DNA microarray assay is a systematic and unbiased approach to address this issue. In this paper, we present a DNA microarray dataset for CML LSCs and normal HSCs to show that the microarray assay will benefit the current and future studies of the biology of CML stem cells.
Surgical Treatment of Adenocarcinoma of the Rectum (1998)

Complete resection of the envelope of supporting tissues about the rectum during APR, CAA, and AR when tumors were low in the rectum is associated with low mortality, low morbidity, low local recurrence, and good 5-year survival rates. Appropriate "tumor-specific" mesorectal excision during AR when the tumor is high in the rectum is likewise consistent with a low rate of local recurrence and good long-term survival. However, the overall failure rate of 40% in stage III disease (which is independent of surgical technique) means that surgical approaches alone are not sufficient to achieve better long-term survival rates.
Surface Tension and surface Transition of Dilute Aqueous Solutions of Lauryl Alcohol in Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSurface Tension and surface Transition of Dilute Aqueous Solutions of Lauryl Alcohol in Sodium Lauryl SulfateJohn Ross and M. B. EpsteinCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1958, 62, 5, 533–535Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150563a005https://doi.org/10.1021/j150563a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views261Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A method for determining high-resolution activation time delays in unipolar cardiac mapping (2002)

A method is presented for determining activation time delays in unipolar cardiac mapping data to resolutions considerably smaller than the sample interval. The method involves taking two filtered, differentiated electrograms and computing the Hilbert transform of their cross correlation, which exhibits a negative-to-positive zero crossing at the delay time between the signals. We applied this method to estimate transmural activation time delays in the swine right atrium during sinus rhythm. We were able to calculate very precise time delay measurements, which exhibited much less variability than time delays calculated with more traditional methods. This method was also used to create an activation map of the swine right atrial epicardium during sinus rhythm, which was compared to an activation map calculated in the traditional manner.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Effective Knowledge Management Environment Based on Knowledge Grid in Business Organizations (2015)

Ongoing transition of most of business enterprises to knowledge-based ones is a watershed event in the evolution of the global knowledge economies. This transition marks a paradigmatic shift from energy- based economies with traditional factors of production to information-based economies based upon knowledge assets. Accordingly, the objective of this paper is to develop a theoretical and pragmatic architecture of knowledge management system based on Knowledge Grid for better implementing knowledge management (KM) in business organizations to facilitate their vision of sustainable growth and development. This paper objectively analyzes the environmental problems that most of those enterprises, especially those knowledge-based ones have to face up in such a distributed, increasingly changing environment. Also the critical situations of knowledge management in those business organizations are outlined. Then a new theory about knowledge management, namely, knowledge systems engineering in introduced, which paves the way for better understanding knowledge management and lays the groundwork for constructing a more valid architecture of knowledge management system. And a new architecture of knowledge management system based on knowledge grid is proposed to solve those problems mentioned above, which may provide not only a friendly user interface for end-users to easily access and manage many kinds of Web resources but also a platform for those business organizations to successfully implementing knowledge management.
Surface Analysis of LiNiO2-based Positive Electrode of Lithium-Ion Cells after Degradation Tests (2007)

Abstract not Available.
Voltage unbalance measurement in three-phase smart meter applied to AMI systems (2013)

Recently, renewable energy and distributed generation (DG) are of interest for electricity grid. Besides the benefit of DG, the power qualities generated by DG have to be carefully managed and monitored because, otherwise, the unmanaged DG would cause the reliability and efficiency issues to the grid. A three-phase voltage unbalance factor (VUF) is a basic power quality in the smart grid and micro grid, which are monitored and managed by the advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) system by using metering devices such as a smart meter. In this paper, the VUF measurement in the three-phase smart meter is investigated by using a single chip solution from ADE7878 Analog Devices. The three-phase voltage unbalance is calculated and compared based on the definition of VUF defined by NEMA, IEEE and IEC standards. From experimental results, the voltage unbalance measurement in the three-phase meter is highly accurate, flexible, and low cost. Therefore, the studied VUF measurement is well applicable to the three-phase smart meter in order to monitor and manage the power quality in the smart grid and microgrid.
Epitope mapping of four monoclonal antibodies recognizing the hexose core domain of Salmonella lipopolysaccharide. (1991)

Four murine monoclonal antibodies reactive with distinctive regions of the hexose core domain of Salmonella lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were generated and their epitope specificities were delineated. MAST 56 (IgG1) and MAST 50 (IgG3) antibodies elicited by immunizations with Salmonella typhimurium Rb1 and Rb2 mutants, reacted selectively in enzyme immunoassay with the LPS from rough mutants. In contrast, MATy 1 (IgM) and MATy 2 (IgG2b) antibodies raised by an attenuated Salmonella typhi 620 Ty strain were reactive with LPS from both smooth and rough Salmonellae. Immunoblotting analysis showed that MATy 1 distinguished only the bottom bands (naked LPS core) among the heterogeneous LPS populations, whereas MATy 2 gave a ladder pattern (reactive with both naked and O-chain-substituted LPS cores). Differential binding specificities of MATy 1 and MATy 2 antibodies to the naked and capped LPS cores were further analyzed utilizing S. typhimurium polysaccharide fractions with different O-chain:core ratios which were obtained after separation by Sephacryl S-200 chromatography. Steric effects on the antibody reactivity by the bulky O-polysaccharide chain were detected. The use of chemically defined native and synthetic saccharides as inhibitors, in combination with the conformation of the Salmonella core oligosaccharide, permitted the definition of antigenic determinants carried in the core domain recognized by each antibody: (i) the branches I and VIII are essential for MATy 1 recognition, (ii) the backbone III-IV-V for MATy 2, (iii) the backbone II-III-IV-V for MAST 56, and (iv) the backbone plus the branch III-IV-V-VIII for MAST 50. (formula; see text)
The Isolation and Characterization of the VH Domain from Rabbit Heavy Chains of Different a Locus Allotype (1975)

The Fd fragment of rabbit gamma-chains was split by papain to yield a smaller fragment with a molecular weight of approximately 14,000 and dialyzable small peptides and amino acids. The domain size fragment was identified as intact variable region from its amino acid content, its blocked amino-terminus, and two characteristic cysteine-containing peptides, while the small peptides and amino acids were accounted for by the degradation of the C-H1 region. The variable regions isolated from Aa1 and Aa3 Fd fragments not only reacted quantitatively with immunoadsorbents conjugated with the homologous anti-a allotype antibody, but also completely inhibited the binding of the parent Fd fragment to the homologous antibody as measured by radioimmune assay. These data provide direct evidence that the group a allotypic determinants are contained entirely in the variable portion and are independent of the constant portion of rabbit heavy chains.
Growth and properties of nanocrystalline germanium films (2005)

We report on the growth characteristics and structure of nanocrystalline germanium films using low-pressure plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition process in a remote electron-cyclotron-resonance reactor. The films were grown from mixtures of germane and hydrogen at deposition temperatures varying between 130°C and 310°C. The films were measured for structure using Raman and x-ray spectroscopy. It is shown that the orientation of the film depends strongly upon the deposition conditions. Low-temperature growth leads to both ⟨111⟩ and ⟨220⟩ orientations, whereas at higher temperatures, the ⟨220⟩ grain strongly dominates. The Raman spectrum reveals a sharp crystalline peak at 300cm−1 and a high ratio between crystalline and amorphous peak that is at 285cm−1. The grain size in the films is a strong function of hydrogen dilution, with higher dilutions leading to smaller grain sizes. Growth temperature also has a strong influence on grain size, with higher temperatures yielding larger grain sizes. From these results, which are seen to be compatible with the growth of nanocrystalline Si films, it is seen that the natural growth direction for the film is ⟨220⟩, and that bonded hydrogen interferes with the growth of ⟨220⟩ grains. High hydrogen dilutions lead to more random nucleation.
Atmospheric-Pressure Pulsed CO2 Laser Utilizing Preionization by High-Energy Electrons (1971)

An atmospheric-pressure pulsed CO2 laser is described in which the gas is preionized by the injection of high-energy electrons into the laser volume. These electrons are derived from a high-voltage (120-kV) glow discharge surrounding the laser. The preionization achieved has allowed 300 J to be delivered to 1. 7 liter of gas in a single discharge without the development of arcs, irrespective of whether the gas contained helium. The highest output energy (20 J) was obtained with a mixture of CO2, N2, and He in the proportions 3 : 3 : 4 by volume.
The Atom Economy—A Search for Synthetic Efficiency (1991)

Efficient synthetic methods required to assemble complex molecular arrays include reactions that are both selective (chemo-, regio-, diastereo-, and enantio-) and economical in atom count (maximum number of atoms of reactants appearing in the products). Methods that involve simply combining two or more building blocks with any other reactant needed only catalytically constitute the highest degree of atom economy. Transition metal-catalyzed methods that are both selective and economical for formation of cyclic structures, of great interest for biological purposes, represent an important starting point for this long-term goal. The limited availability of raw materials, combined with environmental concerns, require the highlighting of these goals.