gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solubility of Hydrogen in Creosote Oil at High Temperatures and Pressures (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolubility of Hydrogen in Creosote Oil at High Temperatures and PressuresJohn W. Prather, Abdul M. Ahangar, Wallace S. Pitts, John P. Henley, Arthur R. Tarrer, and James A. GuinCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Dev. 1977, 16, 3, 267–270Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i260063a002https://doi.org/10.1021/i260063a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views190Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Quantum-Confined Gallium Nitride in MCM-41 (1999)

Filling the pores of molecular sieves is a way to achieve regular nanoscale arrays of materials at drastically reduced production costs. The loading of zeolite MCM-41with semiconductor GaN is reported here for the first time using the triazidogallium precursor shown in the Figure. The loading process and the subsequent conversion into GaN are thus possible in a non-aqueous medium and can be conveniently followed by IR.
Automatic retrieval of visual continuity errors in movies (2009)

Continuity errors occur in many movies and television series, in spite of careful checking by those employed to minimise them. In this work we develop a scheme for automatically detecting these errors and producing a ranked list of the most likely inconsistencies, working from a commercial DVD release. We use the editing structure of the movie to detect pairs of shots within a scene that might have arisen from different takes, and thus are possible candidates for continuity errors. These pairs are then registered and examined for differences that lack an obvious cause -- suppressing changes arising from humans and other moving objects by using upper body detectors and trackers. The result is a ranked list of possible continuity errors for the movie.
Fiscal Aspects of Metropolitan Regional Development (1957)

Metropolis is a figure of speech.It is not a unit of government, but a concept that is foggy in spots and fuzzy around the edges.Definitions have been offered and are being utilized currently, but they are not completely satisfactory.Nevertheless, while we grope for satisfactory definitions and interpretations, an acute problem exists which we variously designate as metropolitanism, urbanization or decentralization.It challenges the best thinking of our time in many different branches of learning.It is the underlying thesis of this paper that there is no reasonable expectation that the problems of adequate financing for local government services can be either fully or permanently solved through governmental reorganization, whether that takes the form of annexation, consolidation or a new super unit of local government imposed on a metropolitan or regional basis.Progress can, and undoubtedly will, be made along all of these lines, so that here and there, and for temporary periods, the situation will be considerably ameliorated.But the current and potential forces of technological, economic and sociological change are so dynamic that the governmental scientists and reformers will not be able to devise and bring into existence new patterns of government that will be comparable in stability and permanence to those that have existed in the past.There has been a great increase in the rate of depreciation and obsolescence on governmental structures as well as on industrial machines and business techniques.This will be particularly true if those who are trying to devise the new patterns simplify the current metamorphosis merely in terms of increasing urbanization.The so-called urbanization appears paradoxically to be resulting partly from the outward push of the population away from congested urban centers, and even from smaller centers, and partly from the tremendous spurt in population growth.As the city residents push out from the center of the city they tend to engulf
Improving Open-Domain Dialogue Systems via Multi-Turn Incomplete Utterance Restoration (2019)

Zhufeng Pan, Kun Bai, Yan Wang, Lianqiang Zhou, Xiaojiang Liu. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP). 2019.
Dielectric, Piezoelectric, and Pyroelectric Properties of Lead Zirconate—Lead Zinc Niobate Ceramics (1989)

New piezoelectric and pyroelectric ceramics consisting of antiferroelectric lead zirconate (PZ) and relaxor ferroelectric lead zinc niobate (PZN) are studied from an application view‐point of the field‐induced antiferroelectric‐to‐ferroelectric phase transition. An antiferroelectric‐ferroelectric phase boundary exists in PbZr x (Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) 1−x O 3 (PZZN‐1000x) close to x = 0.93 to 0.94 at room temperature. A new ferroelectric rhombohedral phase change, F α –F′ α , at low temperature is found and studied by the temperature dependence of the pyroelectric coefficient. Electrical poling in these ceramics is easy, and the coercive field E c ∼8 to kV/cm is rather low. Samples with compositions in the range PZZN‐86 to PZZN‐92 have a large electromechanical coupling constant, k (k t and k 15 ∼50% to 60%), and a low dielectric constant, ɛ s (ɛ T 33 /ɛ 0 = 260 to 320, ɛ T 11 /ɛ 0 = 380). PZZN ceramics appear to be potential candidates for high‐frequency ultrasonic transducers used in the thickness shear mode. The pyroelectric figure of merit (F v ) of these ceramics is comparable to the values published for the PZT‐based or PbTiO 3 ‐based materials.
Ultra‐Low‐<i>k</i>by CVD: Deposition and Curing (2012)

The chapter is an in-depth overview of organosilicate (OSG)-based porous low-k materials deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Various aspects of OSG low-k film formation, including choice of the matrix and porogen precursors and the films deposition, UV-assisted thermal curing, the impact of the curing conditions on porosity, chemical composition and mechanical properties of low-k films, are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the analysis of current limitations of the porogen-based PECVD approach. These limitations are related to the percolation of rigidity of low-k matrix at high porogen concentration and porogen residue formation. It is shown that the porogen residue is mainly sp2 carbon, which defines degradation of electrical characteristics. The last part the chapter considers new approaches that can be used for future generations of PECVD low-k materials.
Differential expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in hematopoietic and fatty bone marrow: evidence that neuropilin-1 is produced by fat cells. (2005)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), its receptors (VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2) and neuropillin-1 (NRP-1) are expressed at variable levels in bone marrow. NRP-1expression is higher in fatty bone marrow than in hematopoietic marrow. Adipocytes are responsible for NRP-1 expression suggesting that they may play a role in hematopoiesis by producing NRP-1 or that NRP-1 may regulate adipocyte activity.
NANOSUSPENSION: RECENT TRENDS AND TECHNOLOGIES (2013)

With the advent of modern technologies, a large number of drugs have been discovered which have a better efficiency but their clinical application is restricted due to poor water solubility. Nearly 40 % of the drugs in the pipeline and around 60 % of compounds coming directly from synthesis have poor solubility.
The C‐terminal region of the <i>Barley stripe mosaic virus</i> γb protein participates in homologous interactions and is required for suppression of RNA silencing (2004)

SUMMARY The 17-kDa, cysteine-rich gammab protein of Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) is a major contributor to viral pathogenesis, although it is dispensable for replication and movement in the ND 18 strain of the virus. Within the C-terminal region of gammab, six coiled-coil heptad repeats, structures known to mediate protein-protein interactions, are predicted between amino acids 95 and 140. In this study, we have demonstrated that gammab engages in homologous interactions and that the C-terminal 67 amino acids of the protein are required for these interactions. The gammab homologous interactions were abrogated by mutations designed to disrupt the coiled-coil motifs with substitutions of glycine residues for hydrophobic residues in the a and d positions of the heptads (gammabNC). Mutations within the gammabNC derivative were also found to destroy the silencing suppression activity of gammab in an Agrobacterium-mediated transient assay. Infectivity experiments to evaluate the gammabNC derivative revealed that this mutant developed symptoms 2 days earlier than the wild-type strain in Chenopodium amaranticolor. In barley, gammabNC elicited more severe bleaching and striping symptoms, similar to those of the previously described 'bleached' phenotype that is observed when mutations are introduced into the C1 and BM motifs. These findings collectively show that gammab interactions mediated by the coiled-coil motif are critical for the virulence and counter defence activities of BSMV in both monocot and dicot hosts.
Vascular endothelial growth factor stimulates prostacyclin production and activation of cytosolic phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> in endothelial cells via p42/p44 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (1997)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulated a time- and concentration-dependent increase in PGI2 synthesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells with a mean maximum increase of 2-fold above basal levels at 25 ng/ml after 60 min. VEGF also rapidly stimulated the release of arachidonic acid and phosphorylation and activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2). The VEGF-related factor, placenta growth factor (PIGF), had little effect on PGI2 synthesis, arachidonic acid release or cPLA2 activation. PD98059, a selective inhibitor of MAP kinase kinase, caused complete inhibition of VEGF-stimulated MAP kinase activity, PGI2 synthesis and cPLA2 gel retardation, but had no effect on VEGF-induced vWF secretion. These findings provide the first evidence that VEGF can stimulate PGI2 synthesis via cPLA2-mediated arachidonic acid release and indicate that VEGF stimulation of this biosynthetic pathway may occur, at least in part, via activation of p42/p44 MAP kinases.
Cocrystallization for successful drug delivery (2012)

The most effective cocrystal research relies on both in-depth understanding of structure-property relationship and efficient preparation of desired cocrystals. The future cocrystal research will see growth in the areas of designing ternary and higher-order structures, cocrystals between neutral and ionic species, cocrystal polymorphism, cocrystal glasses and thermodynamics of cocrystallization.
Neural control of goblet cell secretion in guinea pig airways (1990)

We studied the neural control of goblet cell secretion in the lower airways of anesthetized guinea pigs using a semiquantitative morphometric technique. The magnitude of discharge of intracellular mucus was determined in histological sections of the trachea and main bronchi stained for mucus glycoproteins. Bilateral electrical stimulation of the cervical vagus nerves induced goblet cell secretion. The magnitude of the effect was dependent on the frequency, voltage, and pulse width of the stimulus, and the duration of stimulation. At 10 Hz, 5 V, and 5 ms for 3 min, there was a 62% decrease in the amount of intracellular mucus below that with sham stimulation. The secretion was blocked either by atropine or by pretreatment with capsaicin but was not significantly inhibited by idazoxan, an alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist. The magnitude of goblet cell discharge in animals pretreated with propranolol was intermediate between that in controls and that with nerve stimulation, although not significant to either. These results demonstrate that goblet cell secretion is under neural control in guinea pig airways and suggest that cholinergic, nonadrenergic-noncholinergic, and possibly adrenergic neural pathways, may contribute to the secretion.
Genetic Improvement of Poplar Feedstock Quality for Ethanol Production (2001)

Opportunities for matching chemical and physical properties of woody feedstocks to ethanol production process requirements via genetic improvement have long been recognized. Exploitation is now feasible owing to advances in trait measurement, breeding, and gene transfer technologies. Poplar genetic parameters are favorable largely for reducing lignin and increasing cellulose contents and specific gravity. Transgenic poplars with decreased lignin and increased cellulose contents, but otherwise normal growth and development, have been produced via genetic transformation. The long-standing debate on feasibility has thus become one of when, not if, designer varieties will become available.
Regulation of Cellular Protein Phosphatase-1 (PP1) by Phosphorylation of the CPI-17 Family, C-kinase-activated PP1 Inhibitors (2009)

The regulatory circuit controlling cellular protein phosphatase-1 (PP1), an abundant group of Ser/Thr phosphatases, involves phosphorylation of PP1-specific inhibitor proteins. Malfunctions of these inhibitor proteins have been linked to a variety of diseases, including cardiovascular disease and cancer. Upon phosphorylation at Thr(38), the 17-kDa PP1 inhibitor protein, CPI-17, selectively inhibits a specific form of PP1, myosin light chain phosphatase, which transduces multiple kinase signals into the phosphorylation of myosin II and other proteins. Here, the mechanisms underlying PP1 inhibition and the kinase/PP1 cross-talk mediated by CPI-17 and its related proteins, PHI, KEPI, and GBPI, are discussed.
Initial Characterization of small Proteoglycans Synthesized by Embryonic Chick Leg Muscle-Associated Connective Tissues (1988)

Muscle development in the embryonic chick involves the interfacing of two different cell types: myogenic cells forming the contractile network and connective tissue cells which wrap this network into discrete morphologies. Previous reports from this laboratory detailed the characterization of large extracellular matrix proteoglycans synthesized by skeletal muscle. This report describes the initial characterization of small muscle-associated connective tissue proteoglycans synthesized in embryonic chick leg in ovo and by embryonic leg muscle-associated secondary fibroblasts in vitro by CsCl equilibrium density gradient centrifugation. Analysis of the D1 gradient fractions from the in ovo and in vitro material revealed that the proteoglycans were of relatively small size. These molecules eluted from Sepharose CL-2B through a Kav range of 0.6-0.8. Analysis of alkaline borohydride-released glycosaminoglycan chains by Sepharose CL-6B, Sephadex G-25, and thin layer chromatography demonstrated a mixture of three proteoglycan families composed of chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans.
Extrinsic Auto-calibration of a Camera and Laser Range Finder (2003)

This paper describes theoretical and experimental results for the auto-calibration of sensor platform consisting of a camera and a laser range ﬁnder. Real-world use of autonomous sensor platforms often requires the recalibration of sensors without an explicit calibration object. The constraints are based upon data captured simultaneously from the camera and the laser range ﬁnder while the sensor plat-form undergoes an arbitrary motion. The rigid motions of both sensors are related, so these data constrain the relative position and orientation of the camera and laser range ﬁnder. We introduce the mathematical constraints for auto-calibration techniques based upon both discrete and differential motions, and present simulated experimental results, and results from a implementation on a B21rT M Mobile Robot from iRobot Corporation. This framework could also encompass extrinsic calibration with GPS, inertial, infrared, and ultrasonic sensors.
Hemicriconemoides Communis N. Sp. and H. Litchi N. Sp. (Nematoda: Criconematidae), From Uttar Pradesh, India (1963)

Two new species of Hemicriconemoides viz. H. communis and H. litchi are described. H. communis n. sp. associated with several hosts belonging to diverse families is distinguished from the close relative H. cocophillus (Loos) in having more than 110 body annules, vulva on the 8th-9th annule from terminus and in the presence of males. H. litchi n. sp. found in soils close to roots of Litchi chinensis is distinct from the closely related H. mangiferae Siddiqi, 1961 in having smaller number of body annules (128-133), shorter spear (59-65 μ), vulva and anus on eleventh-twelfth and seventh-eighth annules respectively from terminus, and in having males with lip region set-off and tail longer than the spicules.
OPERATION OF INDICATION AND METHODS OF TRAUMATIC CEREBRAL EXTERNAL FLUID ACCUMULATIVE (2000)

目的:探讨外伤性脑外积液手术治疗的指征及术式选择.方法:总结采用不同方法手术治疗的27例患者临床症状与体征、CT及MRI等影像学特征、积液蛋白含量测定等临床资料.结果:行积液-腹腔分流术16例,钻孔外引流6例,囟门穿刺闭式外引流3例,囟门穿刺抽液2例.痊愈25例,放弃治疗2例.结论:手术指征主要取决于积液量及病人的临床症状与体征,方法则取决于质(积液的成分)、蛋白含量高或混有血液者,行外引流或经囟门抽吸;相反,则应行腹腔分流术.
Velocity Measurements in the Middle Cerebral Arteries of Healthy Volunteers Using 3D Radial Phase-Contrast HYPRFlow: Comparison with Transcranial Doppler Sonography and 2D Phase-Contrast MR Imaging (2010)

PC-VIPR is a technique capable of acquiring high-resolution MRA of diagnostic quality with velocity data comparable with TCD and 2D-PC. The combination of velocity information and fast high-resolution whole-brain morphologic angiograms makes PC HYPRFlow an attractive alternative to current MRA methods.
Serum hepatitis B virus RNA levels as an early predictor of hepatitis B envelope antigen seroconversion during treatment with polymerase inhibitors (2014)

Serum HBV RNA levels may serve as a novel tool for prediction of serological response during polymerase inhibitor treatment in HBeAg-positive patients.
Platelet-Inhibitor Drugs before and after Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery and Coronary Angioplasty: The Basis of Their Use, Data from Animal Studies, Clinical Trial Data, and Current Recommendations (1986)

The pathogenesis of aortocoronary vein-graft occlusion appears to be similar to the development of atherosclerosis, except that it is more accelerated, especially during the first postoperative year. Initiation of platelet-inhibitor therapy before operation is important especially in patients at high risk of bypass graft occlusion because platelet deposition starts during operation and initiates the process of occlusion. The largest and only placebo-controlled trial to start therapy before operation showed that dipyridamole (Persantine) plus aspirin markedly reduced occlusion (compared with placebo) in both high- and low-risk subgroups both early and at a median of 1 year after operation. Arterial balloon angioplasty often causes severe arterial wall injury, which is a potent stimulus for immediate platelet-thrombus deposition and is probably the main contributing factor in the process of restenosis. Animal studies suggest the potential value of antithrombotic therapy starting the day before the angioplasty procedure, but results from placebo-controlled trials in humans are needed before optimal therapy can be established.
Battery State-of-Charge Estimator Using the MARS Technique (2012)

State of charge (SOC) is the equivalent of a fuel gauge for a battery pack in an electric vehicle. Determining the state of charge is thus particularly important for electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid EVs, or portable devices. The aim of this innovative study is to estimate the SOC of a high-capacity lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> ) battery cell from an experimental dataset obtained in the University of Oviedo Battery Laboratory using the multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) technique. An accurate predictive model able to forecast the SOC in the short term is obtained and it is a first step using the MARS technique to estimate the SOC of batteries. The agreement of the MARS model with the experimental dataset confirmed the goodness of fit for a limited range of SOC (25-90% SOC) and for a simple dynamic data profile [constant-current (CC) constant-voltage charge-CC discharge].
Synthesis of ribose and of adenine nucleotides containing oxygen-18 (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of ribose and of adenine nucleotides containing oxygen-18Hartmut Follmann and H. P. C. HogenkampCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 3, 671–677Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00706a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00706a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views296Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Basic Science of Vascular Biology: Implications for the Practicing Surgeon (2010)

A thorough understanding of vascular biology will assist the reconstructive surgeon in both operative planning and development of novel surgical approaches to treat chronic wounds and tissue loss, and to optimize regenerative strategies for tissue reconstruction. In this review, several fundamental concepts of the basic science of vascular biology are discussed, with specific emphasis on the clinical implications most relevant to the reconstructive surgeon. Topics include the vascular physiology of tissue flaps and grafts, the principles of neovascularization including angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, and the basic concepts of bioengineering of vascularized tissue constructs for use in reconstruction. As basic science research increases our collective understanding of vascular physiology--specifically, in the areas of neovascularization and tissue engineering--reconstructive surgeons will be able to improve treatment of the sequelae of ischemic injuries, tissue loss, and chronic wounds.