gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glycoproteomic Comparison of Clinical Triple-Negative and Luminal Breast Tumors (2015)

Triple-negative (TN) breast cancer accounts for ∼ 15% of breast cancers and is characterized by a high likelihood of relapse and a lack of targeted therapies. In contrast, luminal-type tumors that express the estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER+/PR+) and lack expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2-) are treated with targeted hormonal therapy and carry a better prognosis. To identify potential targets for the development of future therapeutics aimed specifically at TN breast cancers, we have used a hydrazide-based glycoproteomic workflow to compare protein expression in clinical tumors from nine TN (Her2-/ER-/PR-) and nine luminal (Her2-/ER+/PR+) patients. Using a label-free LC-MS based approach, we identified and quantified 2264 proteins. Of these, 90 proteins were more highly expressed and 86 proteins were underexpressed in the TN tumors relative to the luminal tumors. The expression level of four of these potential targets was verified in the original set of tumors by Western blot and correlated well with our mass-spectrometry-based quantification. Furthermore, 30% of the proteins differentially expressed between luminal and TN tumors were validated in a larger cohort of 406 TN and 469 luminal tumors through corresponding differences in their mRNA expression in publically available microarray data. A group of 29 of these differentially expressed proteins was shown to correctly classify 88% of TN and luminal tumors using microarray data of their associated mRNA levels. Interestingly, even within a group of TN breast cancer patients, the expression levels of these same mRNAs were able to significantly predict patient survival, suggesting that these proteins play a role in the aggressiveness seen in TN tumors. This study provides a comprehensive list of potential targets for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic agents specifically aimed at treating TN breast cancer and demonstrates the utility of using publicly available microarray data to further prioritize potential targets.
Hydrogen Peroxide Renovation of Clogged Wastewater Soil Absorption Systems in Sands (1989)

ABSTRACT Sandy soil columns with and without wastewater-induced biological clogging mats were treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to determine the effect on infiltration. Eight soil textures ranging from loamy sand to coarse sand were treated with different H2O2 mass and hydraulic loadings and concentrations. In general, infiltration rates were more reduced in unclogged sands containing the highest percentage of silt and clay, while the washed sands and sand separates were less impacted. The infiltration rate for the loamy sand was reduced to about 25% of the initial infiltration rate with the high mass loading. For the coarse sand with a minimum amount of silt and clay, the infiltration rate was reduced to about 70% to 75% of the initial when using the higher mass loadings. Lower mass loadings gave less reduction in infiltration rates for all sands as these loadings did not disturb the sand as much as the higher loadings. The H2O2 was successful in renovating the clogged sand columns to near initial rates. After reclogging and treating a second time, infiltration rate recoveries were only slight. It appears a washed coarse sand with a minimum amount of fines can be renovated one time with 0.3 cm to 0.5 cm of 50% concentrated hydrogen peroxide..
Integrating global wireless systems with IP (2001)

Abstract We propose several algorithms for a total IP‐based wireless networks. This includes any cellular system from TDMA and GSM to CDMA. Solutions for associated improvements that come with the new architecture are also discussed. One area is the IP inter‐networking among different cellular systems (GSM to GSM, GSM to CDMA, TDMA to GSM). First, an easy and fast means of establishing a total wireless IP network (including backhaul and core) is presented. Our solution is technology independent (TDMA, GSM, CDMA) and has minimal impact on the existing network. With this proposal, the signaling will be carried out through existing PLMN and limited IP‐based standard protocols. This is a pure packet‐based network and can support both data and voice. The mapping of PLMN and IP‐based addressing will be done through HLR to translate phone number‐based address (MIN) to IP‐based address. The PLMN provides services, such as an ISP, to support dynamic IP. For VPN application, the HLR and HLR can do the first‐level authentication. The e2e authentication will be done between the mobile terminal and the server. Second, the wireless vocoding‐based IP vocoder standards are discussed to further integrate the wireless network with the IP network. Third, the solution for wireless IP networks for single technology global markets (European GSM) is presented. Fourth, the solution for wireless IP networks for multiple technologies global markets is presented. Fifth, the one step vocoding conversion for inter systems (GSM to/from CDMA) is discussed. There is no vocoding and IP/PLMN/PSTN conversion needed for pure IP‐based intra‐GSM (or CDMA or TDMA) systems. In the inter‐system scenario (GSM to CDMA), a one‐step vocoding conversion can be performed through the intermobile systems vocoder gateway. This gateway or service bureau will be responsible for converting GSM to CDMA voice in one step. The delay and system resources can be drastically reduced. This definitely will increase the momentum for the wireless IP migration. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of the Magnetization Method Suitable for Fractional-Slot Concentrated-Winding Variable Magnetomotive-Force Memory Motor (2014)

This paper describes a variable magnetomotive-force memory motor with a fractional-slot concentrated winding. We propose a method for optimal control of magnetization suitable for a fractional-slot concentrated winding. Our result shows that variable magnetized magnets are more highly magnetized when a fractional-slot concentrated winding is used than those using the conventional method.
Differentiation Inducing Activities of Isocoumarins from Hydrangea Dulcis Folium. (2000)

In the course of searching for differentiation inducers against leukemic cells from plants, we have recognized the differentiation inducing activities of the methanolic extract of Hydrangea Dulcis Folium. Activity guided separation of the extract was carried out using M1 cells, and seven isocoumarins were isolated as active substances. These isocoumarins showed the activities at the concentration of 100 microM and non-cytotoxic effects even at 300 microM.
THE ANALYSIS OF GEAR NOISE EXCITATION (1984)

This paper discusses the main forms of gear analysis which can be used to study transmission noise and ways in which they can be related to gear errors. Frequency analysis is a powerful tool in the study of gear noise problems. In order to understand fully the resulting spectra it is necessary to understand the nature of gear noise and its sideband structure. In many cases a simple Fourier analyser can give good results if used with care and with attention to speed variations. Signature analysis is a more complicated form of frequency analysis available on some sophisticated analysis systems. It gives a concise representation of the noise over any speed range of interest. It relies on speed variations during test runs. Because the speed is increasing (or decreasing) during runs, the data sample times are restricted. This is to ensure that speed changes by only a small amount during capture of each data block. The consequence of this is that frequency resolution is limited and precise identification of sidebands is sometimes impossible. Cepstrum analysis is a method of resolving particular gear meshes but may not always be related directly to subjective assessment of the noise problem. Probably the most useful form of analysis is the order locked spectrum. This can be performed using several of the relatively inexpensive portable analysers currently available with the provision of a suitable external sampling signal. This may cause difficulties depending on the frequency range and/or the resolution required. The sampling rate must be at least 2.5 times the maximum frequency of interest which, when higher harmonics are required, can be over 200 samples per revolution. (TRRL)
Electron temperature measurement by a helium line intensity ratio method in helicon plasmas (2001)

Electron temperature measurements in helicon plasmas are difficult. The presence of intense rf fields in the plasma complicates the interpretation of Langmuir probe measurements. Furthermore, the non-negligible ion temperature in the plasma considerably shortens the lifetime of conventional Langmuir probes. A spectroscopic technique based on the relative intensities of neutral helium lines is used to measure the electron temperature in the HELIX (Hot hELicon eXperiment) plasma [P. A. Keiter et al., Phys. Plasmas 4, 2741 (1997)]. This nonintrusive diagnostic is based on the fact that electron impact excitation rate coefficients for helium singlet and triplet states differ as a function of the electron temperature. The different aspects related to the validity of this technique to measure the electron temperature in rf generated plasmas are discussed in this paper. At low plasma density (ne⩽1011 cm−3), this diagnostic is believed to be very reliable since the population of the emitting level can be easily estimated with reasonable accuracy by assuming that all excitation originates from the ground state (steady-state corona model). At higher density, secondary processes (excitation transfer, excitation from metastable, cascading) become more important and a more complex collisional radiative model must be used to predict the electron temperature. In this work, different helium transitions are examined and a suitable transition pair is identified. For an electron temperature of 10 eV, the line ratio is measured as a function of plasma density and compared to values predicted by models. The measured line ratio function is in good agreement with theory and the data suggest that the excitation transfer is the dominant secondary process in high-density plasmas.
Failure mechanism of the interturn insulation of low voltage electric machines fed by pulse controlled inverters (2002)

When induction machines are fed by fast switching inverters, their interturn insulation is electrically more stressed than in the conventional feed. When inverters are used steep voltage pulses of high repetition frequency occur. This can cause partial discharges (PDs) leading to insulation failure. The PD inception voltage and velocity of the resulting electrical ageing depend on the voltage characteristic, insulation design and temperature. These relations were investigated using laboratory models of interturn insulation, semiconductor-based pulse generator and as PD detector an UV-sensitive photo multiplier tube.
Neural dynamics of motion grouping: from aperture ambiguity to object speed and direction (1997)

A neural network model of visual motion perception and speed discrimination is developed to simulate data concerning the conditions under which components of moving stimuli cohere or not into a global direction of motion, as in barberpole and plaid patterns (both type 1 and type 2). The model also simulates how the perceived speed of lines moving in a prescribed direction depends on their orientation, length, duration, and contrast. Motion direction and speed both emerge as part of an interactive motion grouping or segmentation process. The model proposes a solution to the global aperture problem by showing how information from feature tracking points, namely, locations from which unambiguous motion directions can be computed, can propagate to ambiguous motion direction points and capture the motion signals there. The model does this without computing intersections of constraints or parallel Fourier and non-Fourier pathways. Instead, the model uses orientationally unselective cell responses to activate directionally tuned transient cells. These transient cells, in turn, activate spatially short-range filters and competitive mechanisms over multiple spatial scales to generate speed-tuned and directionally tuned cells. Spatially long-range filters and top–down feedback from grouping cells are then used to track motion of featural points and to select and propagate correct motion directions to ambiguous motion points. Top–down grouping can also prime the system to attend a particular motion direction. The model hereby links low-level automatic motion processing with attention-based motion processing. Homologs of model mechanisms have been used in models of other brain systems to simulate data about visual grouping, figure–ground separation, and speech perception. Earlier versions of the model have simulated data about short-range and long-range apparent motion, second-order motion, and the effects of parvocellular and magnocellular lateral geniculate nucleus lesions on motion perception.
Structure exploration in high-level language description for logic synthesis (2002)

This paper presents a new idea in handling the information flow between high-level RTL description and logic synthesis besides the logic functionality. The objective of this approach is to optimally synthesize a circuit by dynamically changing the logic synthesis script based on the high-level description implication,The technique used here is to explore the degree of the regularity which is more visible in high-level language description than in low level logic design and circuit structure. This degree of tie regularity will trigger different logic synthesis script dynamically. The experimental results show that this approach can save as much as 30% total area than using single synthesis script in several real design cases.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Microcavity organic light emitting diodes with double sided light emission of different colors (2004)

An organic light emitting diode was fabricated using a thin semitransparent Mg:Ag metal film (30 nm) and a distributed Bragg reflector with a reflectance of 99.5% as a microcavity. Double-sided electroluminescence was observed: green from the metal side and red from the glass side, both in directions normal to the surface. A maximum luminance of 2523 cd/m2 was obtained from the metal side, where most light was coupled out of the cavity.
Safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of low dose Haemophilus Influenzae type B conjugated to the outer membrane protein complex of Neisseria Meningitidis group B (2002)

Infants vaccinated with three doses followed by a booster of either 1.0 microg of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugated to the outer membrane protein complex of Neisseria meningitidis group B or H. influenzae 10-microg oligosaccharide vaccine conjugated to 25 microg mutant toxin (CRM197) isolated from Corynebacterium diphtheriae had protective antipolyribosylribitol phosphate concentrations.
Functional <i>in vivo</i> interactions between JNK1 and JNK2 isoforms in obesity and insulin resistance (2006)

The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are key regulators of inflammation and interfere with insulin action in cultured cells and whole animals. Obesity increases total JNK activity, and JNK1, but not JNK2, deficiency results in reduced adiposity and improved insulin sensitivity. Interestingly, a higher-than-normal level of JNK activation is observed in Jnk2(-/-) mice, particularly in the liver, indicating an interaction between the isoforms that might have masked the metabolic activity of JNK2 in isolated mutant mice. To address the role of the JNK2 isoform in metabolic homeostasis, we intercrossed Jnk1(-/-) and Jnk2(-/-) mice and examined body weight and glucose metabolism in the resulting mutant allele combinations. Among all of the viable genotypes examined, we observed only reduced body weight and increased insulin sensitivity in Jnk1(-/-) and Jnk1(+/-)Jnk2(-/-) mice. These two groups of mice also exhibited reduced total JNK activity and cytokine expression in liver tissue compared with all other genotypes examined. These data indicate that the JNK2 isoform is also involved in metabolic regulation, but its function is not obvious when JNK1 is fully expressed because of regulatory crosstalk between the two isoforms.
Liquid‐Crystal Templates for Nanostructured Metals (1997)

Hexagonally structured, mesoporous platinum (see picture on the right) is obtained by reduction of platinum salts in lyotropic liquid-crystalline phases. The template can be removed from the nanostructured metal colloid without affecting its structure.
Show me the money: characterizing spam-advertised revenue (2011)

Modern spam is ultimately driven by product sales: goods purchased by customers online. However, while this model is easy to state in the abstract, our understanding of the concrete business environment—how many orders, of what kind, from which customers, for how much—is poor at best. This situation is unsurprising since such sellers typically operate under questionable legal footing, with “ground truth ” data rarely available to the public. However, absent quantifiable empirical data, “guesstimates ” operate unchecked and can distort both policy making and our choice of appropriate interventions. In this paper, we describe two inference techniques for peering inside the business operations of spam-advertised enterprises: purchase pair and basket inference. Using these, we provide informed estimates on order volumes, product sales distribution, customer makeup and total revenues for a range of spamadvertised programs. 1
Thermal-Expansion Coefficients and Grüneisen Parameters of bcc Li–Mg Alloys (1970)

The thermal expansion of eight Li–Mg alloys spanning the bcc solid-solution range (100–31-at.% Li) has been measured from 80° to 370°K using a fused silica dilatometer. The room-temperature linear thermal-expansion coefficients were determined for each alloy from cubic fits of the data between 250° and 370°K. It was found that the linear expansion coefficients of the alloys decreased from a value of 4.6±0.1×10−5 °K−1 for pure Li to 3.9±0.1×10−5 °K−1 for an alloy containing 31-at.% Li. The linear expansion coefficients for Mg-rich alloys are unusually high; the expansion coefficient decreases by only 15% over the solid-solution range, whereas the melting point increases by 190%. The unusual behavior of the thermal-expansion coefficients is in direct contrast with the compressibilities of the alloys which decrease rapidly with increasing Mg content. As a result, the room-temperature Grüneisen parameter increases from a value of about 0.95 for pure Li to 1.75 for the 31-at.% Li alloy.
Salmonella typhi bacteremia and HIV infection with common iliac artery occlusion. (1994)

An important association between non-typhoidal salmonella bacteremia and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been demonstrated in both industrialized and developing countries. In spite of the prevalence and public health importance of Salmonella typhi in developing countries, an association between HIV and S. typhi has not been well documented. This report describes the co-occurrence of HIV and S. typhi infections in a young Zimbabwean woman. Her presenting feature was a large artery occlusion, previously reported very rarely in association with typhoid fever and never with HIV infection.
Interferon-γ-Mediated Site-Specific Clearance of Alphavirus from CNS Neurons (2001)

Recovery from viral encephalomyelitis requires immune-mediated noncytolytic clearance from neurons by mechanisms assumed to be the same for all neurons. In alphavirus encephalomyelitis, antibody clears infectious virus from neurons in all regions of the central nervous system (CNS), but CD8 T cells contribute to elimination of viral RNA. To understand the role of T cells in clearance, we infected antibody knockout mice with Sindbis virus. Virus was cleared from spinal cord and brain stem neurons, but not from cortical neurons, and required both CD4 and CD8 T cells. Infection with cytokine-expressing recombinant viruses suggested that T cells used interferon-gamma, but not tumor necrosis factor alpha, in clearing virus and that populations of neurons differ in responsiveness to this effector pathway.
Silicon Carbide Powder Synthesis from Silicon Monoxide and Methane (1997)

SiC was synthesized via the gas‐phase reaction between SiO and CH 4 at 1500° and 1560°C in a tubular flow reactor. SiO vapor was generated from equimolar powder mixtures of Si and SiO 2 in the reactor while CH 4 was externally supplied. Products of different morphologies were collected at different longitudinal locations: whiskers, crystal aggregates, scale, and powder. The total yield of SiC, based on the amount of SiO generated, reached as high as 99%, of which 25–46% by mass was fine powder with sizes ranging from 60 to 300 nm.
Extractive Desulfurization of Fuel Oil Using Alkylimidazole and Its Mixture with Dialkylphosphate Ionic Liquids (2007)

The sulfur partition coefficient KN is usually used to characterize the ability of extractive desulfurization (EDS). In this work, several KN values are measured at 298.15 K, which are between straight-run fuel oil and N-ethylimidazole (EIM), N-methylimidazole (MIM), and its mixture with a dialkylphosphate ionic liquid (IL), viz. N-ethyl-N-methylimidazolium diethylphosphate ([EMIM][DEP]) or N-butyl-N-methylimidazolium dibutylphosphate ([BMIM][DBP]). KN values between the oil and solvent at varying water content are also measured at 298.15 K. The results indicate that both EIM and MIM have excellent EDS performance with KN above 3.1 for dibenzothiophene. They have some solubility in fuel oil, but their solubility decreases with addition of IL. The EDS ability of the solvents for a specified sulfur compound followed the order alkylimidazole (EIM > MIM) > mixed solvent (MIM + IL) > IL ([BMIM][DBP] > [EMIM][DEP]); the extractive selectivity of sulfur for a specified solvent followed the order dibenzothiophene (DBT) > benzothiophene (BT) > 3-methylthiophene (3-MT). The used sulfur-containing solvent can be regenerated via a water diluting process followed by a simple distillation process; therefore, the solvent can be reclaimed in a cost-effective way. This work shows that the alkylimidazole solvent and/or its mixture with an IL can be used as a potential extractant for the EDS of fuel oils.
Pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass. A review. (1982)

Pulsatile perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass has recently been introduced into clinical practice. In this paper the experimental basis for the superiority of pulsatile perfusion is reviewed. In particular, the haemodynamic and metabolic superiority of pulsatile perfusion is outlined. In addition, more practical aspects of pulsatile pump systems are discussed. The mechanism of pulsatile flow generation and the type of arterial wave form produced, are considered in relation to the pulsatile systems presently available for clinical use. Studies on haemolysis during pulsatile perfusion are also discussed and the overall suitability of current systems for routine clinical use is assessed. The author concludes that presently available pulsatile pump systems may confidently be incorporated into routine open-heart surgical practice without compromising the reliability or the safety of the perfusion credit.