gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Redundant Roles for <i>Sox7</i> and <i>Sox18</i> in Arteriovenous Specification in Zebrafish (2007)

The specification of arteries and veins is an essential process in establishing and maintaining a functional blood vessel system. Incorrect arteriovenous specification disrupts embryonic development but has also been diagnosed in human syndromes such as hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia, characterized by defects in blood and lymphatic vessels and associated with mutations in SOX18. Here we characterize the role of sox7 and sox18 during zebrafish vasculogenesis. Sox7 and sox18 are specifically expressed in the developing vasculature, and simultaneous loss of their function results in a severe loss of the arterial identity of the presumptive aorta which instead expresses venous markers, followed by dramatic arteriovenous shunt formations. Our study identifies members of the Sox family as key factors in specifying arteriovenous identity and will help to better understand hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia and other diseases.
Novel use of polymerase chain reaction to amplify cellular DNA adjacent to an integrated provirus (1989)

We describe a modification of the polymerase chain reaction technique which allows amplification of cellular DNA adjacent to an integrated provirus given sequence information for the provirus only. The modified technique should be generally useful for studies of insertional mutagenesis and other situations in which one wishes to isolate DNA adjacent to a region of known sequence.
Connective Tissue Growth Factor Gene Regulation (2003)

In skin, the profibrotic protein connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is not normally expressed. However, when skin cells are exposed to transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), CTGF is induced in fibroblasts but not in epithelial cells. We have begun to investigate the requirements for the fibroblast-selective induction of CTGF by TGF-beta. Previously we found that this response was Smad-dependent. Now we show that protein kinase C and Ras/MEK/ERK are necessary for the TGF-beta induction of the CTGF promoter but not of a generic Smad-responsive promoter (SBE-lux). Induction of the CTGF promoter is antagonized by c-Jun or by MEKK1, suggesting that a proper balance between the Ras/MEK/ERK and JNK MAPK cascades is necessary for TGF-beta induction of CTGF. We identify the minimal CTGF promoter element necessary and sufficient to confer TGF-beta responsiveness to a heterologous promoter and show that a tandem repeat of a consensus transcription enhancer factor binding element, 5'-GAGGAATGG-3', is necessary for this induction. This element has not been previously shown to play a role in TGF-beta induction of gene expression in fibroblasts. Gel shift analysis shows that this sequence binds nuclear factors that are greatly enriched in fibroblasts relative to epithelial cells. Thus Smads, Ras/MEK/ERK, protein kinase C, and fibroblast-enriched factors that bind GAGGAATGG act together to drive the TGF-beta-mediated induction of CTGF in fibroblasts.
The Effect of Oxygen on the Photoconductivity of Anthracene. II (1954)

The photoconductivity in the surface layers of crystalline anthracene has been found to increase considerably over its vacuum level when it is measured in the presence of oxygen or air. Replacing the oxygen by nitrogen or argon causes no such increase. The increased photoconductivity is attributed to the photooxidation of the surface, both the light and the oxygen being necessary to produce the effect. No reaction takes place in the dark. The oxide formed is fairly unstable and dissociates in the dark. Its rate of dissociation is considerably increased when the crystal is illuminated in the absence of oxygen. The experiments indicate that the peroxide is formed by a two-stage process, the highly unstable intermediate product being formed very rapidly while the final peroxide is formed much more slowly. The nature of the intermediate product is not known for certain. The end product is very likely the oxide formed by an oxygen bridge across the 9, 10 carbon atoms of the anthracene molecule. Apparently, both the oxidation products modulate the photocurrent solely by their effect on the mean free path of the carriers; the intermediate product producing a relatively large increase while the end product produces a smaller decrease in the mean free path. It is suggested that the technique of photoconductivity measurements might prove to be useful in the study of the kinetics of certain photochemical reactions.
Particle swarm optimization of corro-factor and bilingual learning mechanism (2013)

To overcome the disadvantages of particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm such as premature,bad convergence rate,this paper presented an improved algorithm(CBMPSO).The algorithm first made the initial population in the searching space evenly distributed,then calculated the initial and the opposite ones' fitness value,chose the better ones as the initial population.Added global poorest position to the update of particle position and started corro-factor and bilingual learning Mechanism randomly.The numeric experiments indicate that the new strategy can not only speed up the convergence but also can avoid the premature convergence problem effectively.
Significance of timing of angiotensin AT1 receptor blockade in rats with myocardial infarction-induced heart failure (2001)

Objective: Blockade of angiotensin AT1 receptors has been shown to prevent cardiac remodeling and improve left ventricular function and survival after myocardial infarction (MI). However, the timing of initiation of treatment has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of very early (30 min after MI), early (3 and 24 h after MI) and delayed (7 days after MI) treatments with the angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonist fonsartan (HR 720) on cardiac morphological and hemodynamic parameters in a rat model of MI-induced heart failure and to establish the therapeutic window for the start of treatment. Methods: Male Wistar rats underwent coronary ligation and were randomized fonsartan (HR720) treatment starting 30 min, 3 h, 24 h and 7 days after MI or no treatment. Treatment was continued up to 6 weeks post MI. Results: Fonsartan (HR720) treatment attenuated cardiac hypertrophy when treatment started 30 min or later after MI, limited infarct size when treatment initiated 3 and 24 h after MI, decreased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure when treatment started 3 h to 7 days after MI, and improved dP/dtmax when treatment commenced 24 h and 7 days after MI compared to untreated infarct group. Conclusion: Our results show that angiotensin AT1 receptor blockade with fonsartan (HR720) produced the best cardioprotective effects when treatment was started 3 to 24 h after MI although a start of treatment 7 days following MI still could improve functional parameters. These results suggest an optimal time window for the start of treatment with angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonists seems to be between 3 and 24 h post MI.
The Pulp Mill of the Future—Environmental and Raw Material Considerations (1977)

The founding of the American Chemical Society in 1876 coincides almost exactly with the birth of the modern pulp and paper industry. Before the 1870's, most paper was made on a relatively small scale from an expensive and increasingly scarce raw material, cotton rags. Then, during a very short time span, the picture changed drastically with the advent of a number of processes for the production of a new raw material, wood pulp. The first of these was the so-called groundwood process, a mechanical process which was invented in 1844 but introduced to the U.S. in 1867. This development rapidly increased the production of newsprint, as indicated by the fact that the price dropped from 14¢ to 2¢/lb in less than 25 years. Nevertheless, it can be argued that the so-called chemical pulping processes had the greatest impetus in making the pulp and paper industry the giant it is today.
Micellar structure and mechanical properties of block copolymer‐modified epoxies (2001)

Abstract Amphiphilic block copolymers provide a unique means for toughening epoxy resins because they can self‐assemble into different inclusion shapes before epoxy curing. The two examples reported here are spherical micelles and vesicles, which form in blends containing epoxy and symmetric or asymmetric poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(ethylene‐ alt ‐propylene) (PEO–PEP) block copolymer with PEO volume fractions of 0.5 and 0.26, respectively. The vesicles and spherical micelles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), respectively. SAXS data from the spherical micelles were fit to the Percus–Yevick model for a liquid‐like packing of spheres with hard‐core interactions. Mechanical properties of spherical‐micelle‐modified and vesicle‐modified epoxies in the dilute limit are compared. The glass‐transition temperature and Young's (storage) modulus were tested with dynamic mechanical spectroscopy, and compact‐tension experiments were performed to determine the critical plane‐strain energy release rate for fracture. Vesicles were most effective in improving the epoxy fracture resistance. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 39: 2996–3010, 2001
Angiogenesis in P‐ and E‐Selectin‐Deficient Mice (1998)

The endothelial selectins are not essential in experimentally induced angiogenesis in vivo.
Perceptual Masking in Multiple Sound Backgrounds (1969)

Shifts in masked spondee thresholds during several conditions of listening (monaural, homophasic, antiphasic, and with interaural time disparity) in the presence of one to four competing maskers were measured. The maskers used were white noise, white noise modulated four times per second by 10 dB with a 50% duty cycle, the same noise with 75% duty cycle, connected speech by one male talker, and connected speech by a second male talker. Results from three experiments that employed various permutations of the aforementioned conditions are reported. The findings, after equating conditions to equivalent masker levels, were four. First, the modulated noise with 50% duty cycle produced about 3.5 dB less masking than that produced by unmodulated white noise. Second, the modulated noise with 75% duty cycle allowed only about 1 dB less shift than did the unmodulated noise. Third, mixing one speech train with noise (either modulated or unmodulated) induced about 3.2 dB excess masking. This excess is here termed perceptual masking. Fourth, perceptual masking rose to 6.6 dB when two speech trains were included in the masker complex, irrespective of whether or not noise was also part of the complex. The findings support the hypothesis that successive stages of perceptual masking arise as the task of signal sorting becomes more exacting for the listener. Related studies are discussed in this connection.
Tailored-Pulse Fracturing in Cased and Perforated Boreholes (1986)

ABSTRACT A propellant-based technology, High Energy Gas Fracturing (HEGF), has been applied to fracturing through perforations in cased boreholes. The use of propellants that deflagrate or burn, rather than high-order explosives that detonate, permits controlled buildup of pressure in the wellbore. The key to successful stimulation in cased and perforated wellbores is to control the pressure buildup of the combustion gases to maximize fracturing obtained, without destroying the casing. Eight experiments have been conducted in a tunnel complex at the Department of Energy's Nevada Test Site. This location provided a realistic in situ stress environment (7 MPa [1000 psi] overburden stress) and access for mineback to directly observe fracturing obtained. Primary variables in the experiments include propellant burn rate and amount of propellant used; presence or absence of liquid in the wellbore; in situ stress orientation; and perforation diameter, density, and phasing. Fracture surfaces propagate outward along lines of perforations, then gradually turn toward the hydraulicfracture direction. Fracture lengths of 3m (10 ft) or more are observed. It is shown that such fractures, with proper choice of propellant and perforation design, can be created with no attendant casing damage.
p53 modulation of the DNA damage response (2006)

The tumor suppressor p53 plays a central role in the DNA damage response. After exposure to genotoxic stress, p53 can both positively and negatively regulate cell fate. Initially, p53 promotes cell survival by inducing cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, and other pro-survival pathways. However, when cells accumulate DNA damage or demonstrate aberrant growth, p53 can direct the elimination of damaged cells. In this review, we will discuss the transcriptional-dependent and -independent roles of p53 in regulating the DNA damage response.
Very Strong Inhibition of Glucosidases byC(2)-Substituted Tetrahydroimidazopyridines (2000)

The C(2)-substituted imidazoles 11, 15 – 17, 19, 21, 23/24, 28 – 31, 37, and 38 have been prepared from the known 2,3-unsubstituted imidazole 7 via the iodoimidazole 10, and tested as inhibitors of β- and α-glucosidases. Introduction of hydrophobic and flexible substituents, such as in 28 and 29, led to a very strong inhibition of β-glucosidases, with Ki values for 29 of 1.2 and 0.11 nM against β-glucosidases from almonds and Caldocellum saccharolyticum, respectively. A slow onset of the inhibition was observed for the strongly inhibiting 16, 28 – 31, 37, and 38. While the introduction of a hydroxymethyl or a phenethyl substituent as in 17 and 30 led to stronger inhibition, the 1′-hydroxyphenethyl derivatives 37 and 38 were weaker inhibitors than 16 and 29. This result is interpreted in the light of a conformational change of the substrate on the way to the transition state. The substituent at C(2) has only a moderate influence on the selectivity of the inhibition of two β- and one α-glucosidases, increasing it by a maximal factor of ca. 10 (16), or decreasing it by a maximal factor of ca. 15 (37).
Digital Logic Simulation in a Time-Based, Table-Driven Environment (1975)

This paper is the first part of a two part sequence describing techniques and implementations for table-driven, time-based, parallel fault simulators for digital logic, Part 1 considers design verification simulation and Part 2 considers parallel fault simulation The major objective of these papers is to introduce basic simulation concepts and developmental considerations and to describe the storage and manipulation of data for these simulation environments. These aspects, from both a theoretical and practical viewpoint, represent the most critical considerations for both accurate and efficient digital logic simulation An adequate coverage of these topics will provide a basic understanding of the underlying consideration, both theoretical and practical, involved in the development of this type of simulator.
Next Generation GPS Ground Control Segment (OCX) Navigation Design (2010)

In February 2010, a Raytheon-led team was selected by The Air Force to develop, implement, and operate the next generation GPS ground control segment (OCX). To meet and exceed the demanding OCX navigation performance requirements, the Raytheon team partnered with ITT (Navigation lead) and JPL to adapt major elements of JPL's navigation technology, proven in the operations of the Global Differential GPS (GDGPS) System. Key design goals for the navigation subsystem include accurate ephemeris and clock accuracy (user range error), ease of model upgrades, and a smooth and safe transition from the legacy system to OCX.We will describe key elements of the innovative architecture of the OCX navigation subsystem,and demonstrate the anticipated performance of the system through high fidelity simulations withactual GPS measurements.
Refining Heavy Neutral Oil Paraffin by Catalytic Hydrotreatment over Ni−W/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>Catalysts (2005)

Four sulfided Ni−W/Al2O3 catalysts were tested in the hydrotreatment of microcrystalline raw paraffin from the dewaxing of heavy neutral oil to obtain high grade paraffin wax. The influence of both reaction conditions (temperature, hydrogen pressure, and space velocity) and catalyst characteristics (tungsten content and porosity) on the properties of the treated paraffins was studied. A similar influence of the operating variables was found for the four catalysts studied. In general, temperatures well above 300 °C are needed to obtain transparent and colorless paraffins (Saybolt color >+30); however, rising temperature results in a higher oil content due to cracking reactions. The reaction temperature required to achieve acceptable color values can be reduced by increasing hydrogen pressure, which also reduces paraffin cracking. The rise in the tungsten load of the catalysts from 16.2 to 24.2% (w, WO3 basis) results in higher Saybolt color values, although a simultaneous increase in the extent of cracking reactions takes place and a pressure above 140 kg/cm2 is required to reduce oil generation. The enhancement in the performance of the catalyst can also be successfully accomplished by increasing simultaneously the porosity and tungsten load of the catalyst, which enables operation at milder conditions of pressure and temperature (40 kg/cm2, 310 °C) while maintaining acceptable Saybolt color and a low content of oil and carbonizable substances.
FNAL-NICADD Extruded Scintillator (2005)

The possibility to produce a scintillator that satisfies the demands of physicists from different science areas has emerged with the installation of an extrusion line at FNAL (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory). The extruder is the product of the fruitful collaboration between FNAL and NICADD NIU (Northern Illinois Center for Accelerator and Detector Development at Northern Illinois University). The results from light output, light attenuation length and mechanical tolerance indicate that FNAL-NICADD scintillator is of high quality. Improvements in the extrusion die will yield better scintillator profiles and decrease the time needed for initial tuning. This paper will present the characteristics of the FNAL-NICADD scintillator based on the measurements performed. They include the response to MIPs from cosmic rays for individual extruded strips and irradiation studies where extruded samples were irradiated up to 1 Mrad. We will also discuss the results achieved with a new die design. The attractive perspective of using the extruded scintillator with MRS (metal resistive semiconductor) photodetector readout will also be shown.
New Polyphenols from a Deep Sea Spiromastix sp. Fungus, and Their Antibacterial Activities (2015)

Eleven new polyphenols namely spiromastols A–K (1–11) were isolated from the fermentation broth of a deep sea-derived fungus Spiromastix sp. MCCC 3A00308. Their structures were determined by extensive NMR data and mass spectroscopic analysis in association with chemical conversion. The structures are classified as diphenyl ethers, diphenyl esters and isocoumarin derivatives, while the n-propyl group in the analogues is rarely found in natural products. Compounds 1–3 exhibited potent inhibitory effects against a panel of bacterial strains, including Xanthomanes vesicatoria, Pseudomonas lachrymans, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Ralstonia solanacearum, Bacillus thuringensis, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.25 to 4 µg/mL. The structure-activity relationships are discussed, while the polychlorinated analogues 1–3 are assumed to be a promising structural model for further development as antibacterial agents.
The Plant Sulfolipid. II. Isolation and Properties of Sulfoglycosyl Glycerol<sup>1</sup> (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Plant Sulfolipid. II. Isolation and Properties of Sulfoglycosyl Glycerol1M. Lepage, H. Daniel, and A. A. BensonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 1, 157–159Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01462a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01462a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views99Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Increased Oxidative Stress in Rat Liver and Pancreas during Progression of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes (1998)

1. Oxygen free radicals have been suggested to be a contributory factor in complications of diabetes mellitus. There are many reports indicating the changes in parameters of oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus. In this study we aimed to identify whether oxidative stress occurs in the liver and pancreas in the initial stages of development of diabetes. 2. We therefore investigated the lipid peroxide level (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, TBARS) and activities of antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase] in liver and pancreas of control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats at various stages of development of diabetes. 3. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: group I, control (n = 42) and group II, diabetic (n = 42). Each group was further subdivided into seven groups consisting of six rats each. Rats in these subgroups were studied at weekly intervals (0 to 6 weeks). Plasma glucose levels, TBARS levels and activities of antioxidant enzymes were measured in liver and pancreas at various time intervals. 4. There was a significant (P < 0.05) and progressive increase in TBARS levels of liver and pancreas in the diabetic group. Total SOD and Cu-Zn-SOD activity increased (P < 0.05) with progression of diabetes while Mn-SOD activity showed no significant change in either tissue. Catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities increased significantly (P < 0.05) in liver and pancreas. 5. Immunohistochemical study of pancreatic islet revealed a decrease in the expression of insulin with progression of diabetes. However, glucagon and somatostatin showed an increase in immunoreactivity and a difference in their distribution pattern. 6. The findings of the present study suggest that oxidative stress starts at early onset of diabetes mellitus and increases progressively. In conclusion, the structural damage to these tissues or complications of diabetes mellitus may be due to oxidative stress.