gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Circulating Permeability Factors in Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome and Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (2010)

Circulating permeability factors may be important in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and in recurrence after renal transplantation. Evidence for plasma factors includes posttransplant recurrence of proteinuria and its response to plasmapheresis or immunoadsorption and induction of proteinuria in experimental animals by infusion of patient plasma or its fractions. The authors and other investigators have used proteomic techniques to seek pathogenic molecules. The authors have recently proposed cardiotrophin-like cytokine-1 (CLC-1) as an active factor in FSGS. Other potential permeability factors include hemopexin and vascular permeability factor in minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) and soluble urokinase receptor in FSGS. In the authors' studies, in vitro plasma permeability activity is blocked by diverse substances that may decrease levels of active molecules or block the effects of circulating permeability factors. It has been shown that the simple sugar galactose blocks the effect of FSGS serum on albumin permeability in vitro and decreases permeability activity when administered to patients. Because identities of permeability factors and their mechanisms of action are not well defined, therapy of INS/FSGS is empiric. Corticosteroids are the mainstay of initial therapy whereas calcineurin inhibitors such as cyclosporine A (CsA) and immunosuppressive medications provide adjunctive therapy. Nonspecific therapies such as blocking the renin-angiotensin system and controlling blood pressure and plasma lipids may also diminish proteinuria and slow progression. Identification of molecules that initiate proteinuria and application of findings from in vitro studies may lead to development of new treatments to arrest progression and prevent recurrence after transplantation.
Theory of regular M-band wavelet bases (1993)

Orthonormal M-band wavelet bases have been constructed and applied by several authors. This paper makes three main contributions. First, it generalizes the minimal length K-regular 2-band wavelets of Daubechies (1988) to the M-band case by deriving explicit formulas for K-regular M-band scaling filters. Several equivalent characterizations of K-regularity are given and their significance explained. Second, two approaches to the construction of the (M-1) wavelet filters and associated wavelet bases are described; one relies on a state-space characterization with a novel technique to obtain the unitary wavelet filters; the other uses a factorization approach. Third, this paper gives a set of necessary and sufficient condition on the M-band scaling filter for it to generate an orthonormal wavelet basis. The conditions are very similar to those obtained by Cohen (1990) and Lawton (1990) for 2-band wavelets.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
NOVEL WAY OF CAPPING mRNA TRIMER AND STUDIES OF ITS INTERACTION WITH HUMAN NUCLEAR CAP-BINDING COMPLEX (2005)

Binding of mRNA 5' cap by the nuclear cap-binding complex (CBC) is crucial for a wide variety of mRNA metabolic events. The interaction involving the CBP20 subunit of CBC is mediated by numerous hydrogen bonds and by stacking of the tyrosine sidechains with two first bases of the capped mRNA. To examine a possible role of a longer mRNA chain in the CBC-cap recognition, we have synthesized an mRNA tetramer using a novel way of capping an RNA trimer and determined its affinity for CBC by fluorescence titration.
Monozygotic twins with facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD): implications for genotype/phenotype correlation. (1995)

Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD) is an autosomal-dominant disorder with a characteristic and distinctive distribution of weakness but a high degree of variation in the age of onset and rate of progression. Monozygotic twins provide the opportunity to assess the relative importance of genetic as opposed to nongenetic influences on the course of disease. We have studied three sets of monozygotic twins with FSHD and compared the similarity of their degree of involvement using quantitative studies of individual muscle function. Similar quantitative studies of 59 other subjects with FSHD served as a reference population for contrast with the twin studies. One set of twins was discordant for FSHD, presumably as a reflection of a postzygotic mutation in the affected twin. The other two sets were concordant and both had evidence of autosomal dominantly inherited gene rearrangements. Both sets were similarly affected in terms of age of onset, overall degree of disability, and quantitative tests of muscle, but there were major differences in the symmetry of involvement of specific muscles. Cerebral dominance was not related to asymmetries of involvement. These data suggest age of onset and severity are determined by the gene lesion in FSHD. Other factors may influence the frequently encountered asymmetries in FSHD.
Detection of pseudorabies virus transcripts in trigeminal ganglia of latently infected swine (1989)

Two pseudorabies virus (PRV) poly(A)+ RNAs, 2.0 and 0.95 kilobases, were detected in the trigeminal ganglia of latently infected pigs. These RNAs were partially colinear at the 3' end. They were located in the BamHI J fragment (0.706 to 0.737 map units), 3' of the PRV immediate-early gene. A potential polyadenylation signal was also identified in BamHI-J. The direction of transcription of the latency-associated RNAs was antiparallel (i.e., opposite in polarity) to that of the PRV immediate-early mRNA.
Absolute electron impact ionization cross-sections for CO, CO<sub>2</sub>, OCS and CS<sub>2</sub> (2003)

Absolute total electron impact ionization cross-sections have been measured for CO, CO2, OCS and CS2 from near threshold to 250 eV. Experimental data are compared with previously reported measurements and with calculations using the additivity method of Margreiter, Deutsch and Märk (DM) and the binary encounter Bethe method (BEB). Bond components to the total cross-section, previously deduced from systematic studies of perfluorocarbons, mixed halocarbons, nitriles, chlorocarbons and alcohols, have been shown to reproduce and predict maximum electron impact cross-sections to a high level of confidence. C = O and C = S bond cross-sections are now reported from the maximum cross-sections for CO2 and CS2, and shown to predict the measured maximum ionization cross-section for OCS to within 4%. The data for OCS and CS2 are shown to be in good accord with the expectations of previously derived relationships between the maximum ionization cross-section, the molecular volume polarizability and the molecular ion appearance energy (ionization threshold energy).
Signal analysis and representation for speech recognition (1993)

The acoustic front end that converts the signal waveform into a parsimonious representation is a critical component of a speech recognizer. Traditionally, this front end conversion process has relied on the short time spectral analysis framework in which power spectra of speech segments, on the order of 10 ms, are successively and independently estimated, via all-pole modeling or bank of filters. In this paper, several key considerations in front end design are elaborated, ranging from the computational structure to the associated dissimilarity measures, in the context of prevalent short time spectral representations and the strengths as well as weaknesses of various speech analysis models are discussed, with an attempt to point out possible ways to improve the existing methods. It is further suggested how auditory modeling may help enhance the robustness of a speech recognizer by providing perceptually reliable measurements of speech.
BRD7, a Subunit of SWI/SNF Complexes, Binds Directly to BRCA1 and Regulates BRCA1-Dependent Transcription (2010)

We carried out a yeast two-hybrid screen using a BRCA1 bait composed of amino acids 1 to 1142 and identified BRD7 as a novel binding partner of BRCA1. This interaction was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation of endogenous BRCA1 and BRD7 in T47D and HEK-293 cells. BRD7 is a bromodomain containing protein, which is a subunit of PBAF-specific Swi/Snf chromatin remodeling complexes. To determine the functional consequences of the BRCA1-BRD7 interaction, we investigated the role of BRD7 in BRCA1-dependent transcription using microarray-based expression profiling. We found that a variety of targets were coordinately regulated by BRCA1 and BRD7, such as estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha). Depletion of BRD7 or BRCA1 in either T47D or MCF7 cells resulted in loss of expression of ERalpha at both the mRNA and protein level, and this loss of ERalpha was reflected in resistance to the antiestrogen drug fulvestrant. We show that BRD7 is present, along with BRCA1 and Oct-1, on the ESR1 promoter (the gene which encodes ERalpha). Depletion of BRD7 prevented the recruitment of BRCA1 and Oct-1 to the ESR1 promoter; however, it had no effect on the recruitment of the other Swi/Snf subunits BRG1, BAF155, and BAF57 or on RNA polymerase II recruitment. These results support a model whereby the regulation of ERalpha transcription by BRD7 is mediated by its recruitment of BRCA1 and Oct-1 to the ESR1 promoter.
Learning theory and anxiety (2003)

Abstract The chapter reviews two-process theories of learning, and justifies the equation of reward with punishment omission and of punishment with reward omission. Learning is presented as a means of endowing neutral stimuli with the properties of associated innate stimuli and, whether innate or learned, inputs to the behavioural inhibition system are defined as stimuli that elicit conflicting (particularly approach-avoidance) tendencies. As with the innate behaviours of Chapter 2, a key point is that behaviours attributed to the behavioural inhibition system are sensitive to anti-anxiety drugs.
THE REACTION BETWEEN QUINONES AND METALLIC ENOLATES. XXIII. AMINOTRIMETHYLQUINONE AND SODIOMALONIC ESTER (1)<sup>1</sup> (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE REACTION BETWEEN QUINONES AND METALLIC ENOLATES. XXIII. AMINOTRIMETHYLQUINONE AND SODIOMALONIC ESTER (1)1LEE IRVIN SMITH and FRANK A. CUTLER JR.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1949, 14, 5, 740–746Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01157a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01157a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views100Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Differential regulation of SP-A1 and SP-A2 genes by cAMP, glucocorticoids, and insulin (1998)

In the human fetal lung, surfactant protein A (SP-A) is encoded by two highly similar genes, SP-A1 and SP-A2, which are developmentally and hormonally regulated. Using primer extension analysis, we evaluated the levels of SP-A1 and SP-A2 mRNA transcripts in human fetal lung explants and in a human adult lung adenocarcinoma cell line (H441 cells) cultured in the absence or presence of either dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (DBcAMP, 1 mM), dexamethasone (10(-7) M), or insulin (2.5 micrograms/ml). In the human fetal lung explants, the content of SP-A1 mRNA was approximately four times that of SP-A2 mRNA. DBcAMP increased SP-A1 mRNA levels by 100% and SP-A2 mRNA levels by 500%, thus reducing the ratio of SP-A1 mRNA to SP-A2 mRNA to approximately 1:1. Dexamethasone inhibited all of the SP-A1 and SP-A2 mRNA transcripts to the same extent, by approximately 70%, whereas insulin inhibited all SP-A mRNA transcripts by approximately 60%. The ratio of SP-A1 to SP-A2 mRNA in dexamethasone- or insulin-treated explants was the same as the ratio observed in controls. In the H441 cells, SP-A1 mRNA levels were approximately 1.5 times that of SP-A2 mRNA levels. DBcAMP increased both SP-A1 and SP-A2 mRNA levels by 100%. Dexamethasone inhibited SP-A1 mRNA levels in the cell line by 60%, whereas SP-A2 mRNA levels were not significantly affected. Insulin inhibited SP-A1 mRNA levels in the cell line by 40% without affecting SP-A2 mRNA levels. These findings suggest that the two human SP-A genes are regulated differently in the two model systems.
Bridging the Semantic Gap in Image Retrieval (2002)

The emergence of multimedia technology and the rapidly expanding image and video collections on the Internet have attracted significant research efforts in providing tools for effective retrieval and management of visual data. Image retrieval is based on the availability of a representation scheme of image content. Image content descriptors may be visual features such as color, texture, shape, and spatial relationships, or semantic primitives. Conventional information retrieval was based solely on text, and those approaches to textual information retrieval have been transplanted into image retrieval in a variety of ways. However, “a picture is worth a thousand words.” Image content is much more versatile compared with text, and the amount of visual data is already enormous and still expanding very rapidly. Hoping to cope with these special characteristics of visual data, content-based image retrieval methods have been introduced. It has been widely recognized that the family of image retrieval techniques should become an integration of both low-level visual features addressing the more detailed perceptual aspects and high-level semantic features underlying the more general conceptual aspects of visual data. Neither of these two types of features is sufficient to retrieve or manage visual data in an effective or efficient way (Smeulders, et al., 2000). Although efforts have been devoted to combining these two aspects of visual data, the gap between them is still a huge barrier in front of researchers. Intuitive and heuristic approaches do not provide us with satisfactory performance. Therefore, there is an urgent need of finding the latent correlation between low-level features and high-level concepts and merging them from a different perspective. How to find this new perspective and bridge the gap between visual features and semantic features has been a major challenge in this research field. Our chapter addresses these issues.
Targeted Delivery of Saporin Toxin by Monoclonal Antibody to the Transcobalamin Receptor, TCblR/<i>CD320</i> (2010)

Cellular uptake of cobalamin (Cbl) occurs by endocytosis of transcobalamin saturated with Cbl by the transcobalamin receptor (TCblR/CD320). The cell cycle-associated overexpression of this receptor in many cancer cells provides a suitable target for delivering chemotherapeutic drugs and cytotoxic molecules to these cells while minimizing the effect on the normal cell population. We have used monoclonal antibodies to the extracellular domain of TCblR to deliver saporin-conjugated secondary antibody to various cell lines propagating in culture. A molar ratio of 2.5:10 nmol/L of primary:secondary antibody concentration was identified as the lowest concentration needed to produce the optimum cytotoxic effect. The effect was more pronounced when cells were seeded at lower density, suggesting lack of cell division in a fraction of the cells at higher density as the likely explanation. Cells in suspension culture, such as K562 and U266 cells, were more severely affected than adherent cultures, such as SW48 and KB cells. This differential effect of the anti-TCblR-saporin antibody conjugate and the ability of an anti-TCblR antibody to target proliferating cells were further evident by the virtual lack of any effect on primary skin fibroblasts and minimal effect on bone marrow cells. These results indicate that preferential targeting of some cancer cells could be accomplished through the TCblR.
The Development Of BACnet™ (1998)

This article provides insight into the challenges and complexities that were confronted in the development of BACnet. It also describes thesteps remaining to fully transition the industry to BACnet. Utimately this story will help the reader understand that the success of the standard can only be assured through patient participation by everyone in the building industry
Practical quantum key distribution with polarization entangled photons (2004)

We present an entangled-state quantum cryptography system that operated for the first time in a real-world application scenario. The full key generation protocol was performed in real-time between two distributed embedded hardware devices, which were connected by 1.45 km of optical fiber, installed for this experiment in the Vienna sewage system. The generated quantum key was immediately handed over and used by a secure communication application.
Mechanism of Action of a 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitor on Apolipoprotein B-100 Kinetics in Visceral Obesity (2002)

We examined the effect of atorvastatin, an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, on the kinetics of apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB) metabolism in 25 viscerally obese men in a placebo-controlled study. Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apoB kinetics were measured using an iv bolus injection of [(2)H(3)]leucine. ApoB isotopic enrichment was measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Kinetic parameters were derived by using a multicompartmental model (SAAM-II). Compared with the placebo group, atorvastatin treatment resulted in significant (P < 0.001) decreases in total cholesterol (-34%), triglyceride (-19%), LDL cholesterol (-42%), total apoB (-39%), and lathosterol (-86%); VLDL-apoB, IDL-apoB, and LDL-apoB pool sizes also fell significantly (P < 0.002) by -27%, -22%, and -41%, respectively. This was associated with an increase in the fractional catabolic rates of VLDL-apoB (+58%, P = 0.019), IDL-apoB (+40%, P = 0.049), and LDL-apoB (+111%, P = 0.001). However, atorvastatin did not significantly alter the production and conversion rates of apoB in all lipoproteins. We conclude that in obese subjects, atorvastatin decreases the plasma concentration of all apoB-containing lipoproteins chiefly by increasing their catabolism and not by decreasing their production or secretion. This may be owing to up-regulation of hepatic receptors as a consequence of inhibition of cholesterogenesis.
The NCI Drug Information System. 3. The DIS chemistry module (1986)

The Chemistry Module of the Drug Information System (DIS) handles a database of 400,000 structures. New or modified records are created in this database on a daily basis and are merged into the file promptly. The Chemistry database is searchable in a wide variety of ways and provides novel methods for both input and output of chemical structures.
Multi-Core Embedded Systems (2010)

Details a real-world product that applies a cutting-edge multi-core architecture Increasingly demanding modern applicationssuch as those used in telecommunications networking and real-time processing of audio, video, and multimedia streamsrequire multiple processors to achieve computational performance at the rate of a few giga-operations per second. This necessity for speed and manageable power consumption makes it likely that the next generation of embedded processing systems will include hundreds of cores, while being increasingly programmable, blending processors and configurable hardware in a power-efficient manner. Multi-Core Embedded Systems presents a variety of perspectives that elucidate the technical challenges associated with such increased integration of homogeneous (processors) and heterogeneous multiple cores. It offers an analysis that industry engineers and professionals will need to understand the physical details of both software and hardware in embedded architectures, as well as their limitations and potential for future growth. Discusses the available programming models spread across different abstraction levels The book begins with an overview of the evolution of multiprocessor architectures for embedded applications and discusses techniques for autonomous power management of system-level parameters. It addresses the use of existing open-source (and free) tools originating from several application domainssuch as traffic modeling, graph theory, parallel computing and network simulation. In addition, the authors cover other important topics associated with multi-core embedded systems, such as: Architectures and interconnects Embedded design methodologies Mapping of applications Programming paradigms and models of computation Power optimization and reliability issues Performance tools and benchmarks Resource management Multithreading Multi-core programming challenges Compiler and operating system support This is a detailed discussion of research on the interaction between multi-core systems, applications and software views, and processor configuration and extension, which add a new dimension to the problem space. The text offers a useful overview of the most widespread industrial and domain-specific solutions, providing several examples of working implementations.
Computational Structure of the N-Body Problem (1989)

This work considers tree algorithms for the N-body problem where the number of particles is on the order of a million. The main concern of this work is the organization and performance of these computations on parallel computers. This work introduces a formulation of the N-body problem as a set of recursive equations based on a few elementary functions. It is shown that both the algorithm of Barnes–Hut and that of Greengard–Rokhlin satisfy these equations using different elementary functions. The recursive formulation leads directly to a computational structure in the form of a pyramid-like graph, where each vertex is a process, and each arc a communication link. The pyramid is mapped to three different processor configurations: (1) a pyramid of processors corresponding to the processes pyramid graph; (2) a hypercube of processors, e.g., a connection-machine-like architecture; and (3) a rather small array, e.g., $2 \times 2 \times 2$, of processors faster than the ones considered in (1) and (2) above. The main conclusion is that simulations of this size can be performed on any of the three architectures in reasonable time. Approximately 24 seconds per timestep is the estimate for a million equally distributed particles using the Greengard-Rokhlin algorithm on the CM-2 connection machine. The smaller array of processors is quite competitive in performance.