gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rare sugar D-allose induces specific up-regulation of TXNIP and subsequent G1 cell cycle arrest in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by stabilization of p27kip1 (2008)

'Rare sugars' are defined as monosaccharides that exist in nature but are only present in limited quantities. The development of mass production method of rare sugars revealed some interesting physiological effects of these on animal cells, but the mechanisms have not been well studied. We examined the effect of D-allose on the proliferation of cancer cells and the underlying molecular mechanism of the action. The HuH-7 hepatocellular carcinoma cells were treated with various monosaccharides for 48 h and D-allose was shown to inhibit cell growth by 40% in a dose-dependent manner. D-allose induced G1 cell cycle arrest but not apoptosis. The microarray analysis revealed that D-allose significantly up-regulated thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) gene expression, which is often suppressed in tumor cells and western blot analysis confirmed its increase at protein level. The overexpression of TXNIP also induced G1 cell cycle arrest. Analysis of cell cycle regulatory genes showed p27kip1, a key regulator of G1/S cell cycle transition, to be increased at the protein but not the transcriptional level. Protein interaction between TXNIP and jab1, and p27kip1 and jab1, was observed, suggesting stabilization of p27kip1 protein by the competitive inhibition of jab1-mediated nuclear export of p27kip1 by TXNIP. In addition, increased interaction and nuclear localization of TXNIP and p27kip1 were apparent after D-allose treatment. Our findings surprisingly suggest that D-allose, a simple monosaccharide, may act as a novel anticancer agent via unique TXNIP induction and p27kip1 protein stabilization.
A mechanical battery for powering wireless sensor nodes in harsh environments (2010)

An ability to non-intrusively monitor remote and sealed underground nuclear repositories, using wireless sensor nodes, will be beneficial to the nuclear community and would help alleviate the nuclear waste legacy. The paper will introduce an alternative energy source to a chemical battery that would supply energy to a wireless sensor node such that it can acquire and transmit data about its environment, after a long duration of time. The presented energy source is a 'mechanical battery' which stores mechanical energy and comprises a compressed magnetic suspension mechanism. When this energy is released some of it is converted to electrical energy via electromagnetic induction. The presented model will predict the amount of electrical energy that is generated and stored in an intermediate energy storage medium, a capacitor, before it is supplied to a wireless sensor node. The model is validated against measurements and the supply and operation of a commercial wireless sensor node using a complete prototype system is demonstrated. The complete system comprises the mechanical battery and associated electronics.
Applying new software technologies to solve key system integration issues (2002)

This paper introduces a new concept and model for building complex ATE systems. The underlying principles were discovered over several years but were driven home by the difficulty found in modernizing a legacy test system. The result of this effort produced a solution that provided answers to the following three questions: (1) How to achieve asset interchangeability in complex test and measurement systems; (2) How to place test system software in a modular component form that can be reused in different ATE or desk top environments, and (3) How to apply new software technologies in distributed computing to ATE systems.
Transdermal drug delivery and cutaneous metabolism (1987)

The delivery of drugs via the skin to achieve systemic therapeutic effect is currently under intense investigation. The skin offers unique advantages and limitations for drug input into the body. For example, while hepatic first pass may be circumvented, the excellent barrier function of the stratum corneum (the thin outermost layer of skin) precludes, at present, all but the most potent drugs from this route of administration. Examples of approved transdermally delivered drugs are scopolamine, nitroglycerin, clonidine and estradiol. The delivery systems which have been formulated for these agents have been designed to provide essentially zero-order input kinetics for between 1 and 7 days. The impact of cutaneous metabolism on transdermal drug delivery has not yet been evaluated rigorously. Limited in vivo data for nitroglycerin suggest a cutaneous first pass effect of between 10 and 20%. More work has been directed towards the use of topical prodrugs and the design of molecules better able to transport across the stratum corneum and then undergo local enzymatic activation. Further research in this area will require a more specific quantitative understanding of the metabolic capabilities of human skin in vivo.
Ο 'Αγαθός As ΌΔυνατός in the <i>Hippias Minor</i> (1981)

This paper is an attempt so to construe the arguments of the Hippias Minor as to remove the justification for regarding it as unworthy of Plato either because of its alleged fallaciousness and Sophistic mode of argument or because of its alleged immorality. It focuses, therefore, only on the arguments and their conclusions, steering clear of the dialogue's dramatic and literary aspects. Whereas I do not wish to deny the importance of these aspects to a proper understanding of the dialogue – on the contrary, in a dialogue so heavily laden with irony and caricature, these aspects are necessarily more significant than they are in other dialogues – I do think there is something to be gained from concentrating on the arguments themselves. Although there can be little doubt that Socrates is up to something in the Hippias Minor , the task of determining just what he is up to can only be simplified by clarifying the arguments first . The Hippias Minor has traditionally been thought to contain two independent arguments, each having its own paradoxical conclusion. The first argument begins, it is said, when Hippias characterizes the two Homeric heroes Achilles and Odysseus as the true man ( ⋯ ⋯ληθ⋯ς ) and the false man ( ⋯ ψευδ⋯ς ) respectively. Through its discovery that both the false man and the true man have δύναμις , it results in the paradox that the false man and the true are identical. The second argument, on this view, leaves the subject of ⋯ ⋯ληθ⋯ς and ⋯ ψευδ⋯ς and compares instead all sorts of agents in intentional and unintentional action. Finding that the intentional agent is in every case better than the unintentional, the argument concludes that the intentional evil-doer is also better than the unintentional. Viewing the dialogue as thus containing two distinct topics treated in two self-sufficient arguments is perhaps not the best way to understand it.
The Influence of<i>Nrf2</i>on Cardiac Responses to Environmental Stressors (2013)

Nrf2 protects the lung from adverse responses to oxidants, including 100% oxygen (hyperoxia) and airborne pollutants like particulate matter (PM) exposure, but the role of Nrf2 on heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) responses is not known. We hypothesized that genetic disruption of Nrf2 would exacerbate murine HR and HRV responses to severe hyperoxia or moderate PM exposures. Nrf2(-/-) and Nrf2(+/+) mice were instrumented for continuous ECG recording to calculate HR and HRV (low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and total power (TP)). Mice were then either exposed to hyperoxia for up to 72 hrs or aspirated with ultrafine PM (UF-PM). Compared to respective controls, UF-PM induced significantly greater effects on HR (P < 0.001) and HF HRV (P < 0.001) in Nrf2(-/-) mice compared to Nrf2(+/+) mice. Nrf2(-/-) mice tolerated hyperoxia significantly less than Nrf2(+/+) mice (~22 hrs; P < 0.001). Reductions in HR, LF, HF, and TP HRV were also significantly greater in Nrf2(-/-) compared to Nrf2(+/+) mice (P < 0.01). Results demonstrate that Nrf2 deletion increases susceptibility to change in HR and HRV responses to environmental stressors and suggest potential therapeutic strategies to prevent cardiovascular alterations.
Acoustic Metacages for Omnidirectional Sound Shielding (2017)

Conventional sound shielding structures typically prevent fluid transport between the exterior and interior. A design of a two-dimensional acoustic metacage with subwavelength thickness which can shield acoustic waves from all directions while allowing steady fluid flow is presented in this paper. The structure is designed based on acoustic gradient-index metasurfaces composed of open channels and shunted Helmholtz resonators. The strong parallel momentum on the metacage surface rejects in-plane sound at an arbitrary angle of incidence which leads to low sound transmission through the metacage. The performance of the proposed metacage is verified by numerical simulations and measurements on a three-dimensional printed prototype. The acoustic metacage has potential applications in sound insulation where steady fluid flow is necessary or advantageous.
Hyper/highly-branched polymers by radical polymerisations (2010)

Hyper branched and highly branched polymers (HB polymers) can be prepared by a variety of radical polymerisations. Here we describe the various techniques that can be used and include hybrid polymerisations that involve both radical and ring opening polymerisations. Adaptations of established techniques that use transfer to monomer are described. Then controlled radical polymerisations are outlined. Finally, some of emergent applications are reviewed with a special emphasis on applications in the life sciences.
Spreadsheet-Based Program for the Analysis of DNA Methylation (2001)

Methylation of DNA in CpG dense regions of gene promoters (CpG islands) is important for transcriptional inactivation of selective genes in normal and neoplastic cells. Here, we present a spreadsheet-based program adapted from Microsoft Excel that is useful for identifying CpG islands and for assisting in the laboratory analysis of DNA methylation of these regions. Upon execution of the program, a customized workbook analyzes an entered DNA sequence for the total number and percentage cytosine and guanine nucleotides, the total number and percentage of CpG sites, and a CpG:GpC ratio. The program also displays the distribution of CpG sites in a visual format as well as in two different graphical formats. Finally, the program assists in laboratory studies of DNA methylation that employ bisulfite modification of DNA by displaying methylation-dependent effects of bisulfite treatment on DNA sequences.
Structures of Metal-Substituted Human Histone Deacetylase 8 Provide Mechanistic Inferences on Biological Function, (2010)

The metal-dependent histone deacetylases (HDACs) adopt an alpha/beta protein fold first identified in rat liver arginase. Despite insignificant overall amino acid sequence identity, these enzymes share a strictly conserved metal binding site with divergent metal specificity and stoichiometry. HDAC8, originally thought to be a Zn(2+)-metallohydrolase, exhibits increased activity with Co(2+) and Fe(2+) cofactors based on k(cat)/K(M) (Gantt, S. L., Gattis, S. G., and Fierke, C. A. (2006) Biochemistry 45, 6170-6178). Here, we report the first X-ray crystal structures of metallo-substituted HDAC8, Co(2+)-HDAC8, D101L Co(2+)-HDAC8, D101L Mn(2+)-HDAC8, and D101L Fe(2+)-HDAC8, each complexed with the inhibitor M344. Metal content of protein samples in solution is confirmed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. For the crystalline enzymes, peaks in Bijvoet difference Fourier maps calculated from X-ray diffraction data collected near the respective elemental absorption edges confirm metal substitution. Additional solution studies confirm incorporation of Cu(2+); Fe(3+) and Ni(2+) do not bind under conditions tested. The metal dependence of the substrate K(M) values and the K(i) values of hydroxamate inhibitors that chelate the active site metal are consistent with substrate-metal coordination in the precatalytic Michaelis complex that enhances catalysis. Additionally, although HDAC8 binds Zn(2+) nearly 10(6)-fold more tightly than Fe(2+), the affinities for both metal ions are comparable to the readily exchangeable metal concentrations estimated in living cells, suggesting that HDAC8 could bind either or both Fe(2+) or Zn(2+) in vivo.
WIDE EYE helmet mounted display system for rotorcraft applications (2002)

This paper describes the Kaiser developed WIDE-EYE helmet mounted display system that uses a Kaiser unique Aircraft Retained Unit/Pilot Retained Unit (ARU/PRU) helmet display unit design. The overall system block diagram is presented and each major subsystem is described in detail. Extensions to the basic design to add full color capability are also described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pharmacokinetics, protein binding and metabolism of a quinoxaline urea analog as an NF‐<i>κ</i>B inhibitor in mice and rats by LC‐MS/MS (2013)

13-197 is a novel NF-κB inhibitor that shows promising in vitro efficacy data against pancreatic cancer. In this study, we characterized the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, protein binding and metabolism of 13-197 in mice and rats. A valid, sensitive and selective LC-MS/MS method was developed. This method was validated for the quantification of 13-197, in the range of 0.1 or 0.2-500 ng/mL in mouse plasma, liver, kidney, lung, heart, spleen, brain, urine and feces. 13-197 has low bioavailability of 3 and 16% in mice and rats, respectively. It has faster absorption in mice with 12-fold shorter Tmax than in rats. Tissue concentrations were 1.3-69.2-fold higher in mice than in rats at 72 h after intravenous administration. 13-197 is well distributed to the peripheral tissues and has relatively high tissue-plasma concentration ratios, ranging from 1.8 to 3634, in both mice and rats. It also demonstrated more than 99% binding to plasma proteins in both mice and rats. Finally, <1% of 13-197 is excreted unchanged in urine and feces, and metabolite profiling studies detected more than 20 metabolites in mouse and rat plasma, urine and feces, which indicates that 13-197 is extensively metabolized and primarily eliminated by metabolism rather than by excretion.
Evaluation of a rapid culture method for tuberculosis diagnosis: a Latin American multi-center study. (2006)

Difference in the characteristics of the participating laboratories, the disease prevalence and the number and type of specimens processed did not affect the overall performance of TLA as compared to LJ, supporting the robustness of the method and its feasibility in different laboratory settings.
Fast dictionary learning from incomplete data (2018)

This paper extends the recently proposed and theoretically justified iterative thresholding and <i>K</i> residual means (ITKrM) algorithm to learning dictionaries from incomplete/masked training data (ITKrMM). It further adapts the algorithm to the presence of a low-rank component in the data and provides a strategy for recovering this low-rank component again from incomplete data. Several synthetic experiments show the advantages of incorporating information about the corruption into the algorithm. Further experiments on image data confirm the importance of considering a low-rank component in the data and show that the algorithm compares favourably to its closest dictionary learning counterparts, wKSVD and BPFA, either in terms of computational complexity or in terms of consistency between the dictionaries learned from corrupted and uncorrupted data. To further confirm the appropriateness of the learned dictionaries, we explore an application to sparsity-based image inpainting. There the ITKrMM dictionaries show a similar performance to other learned dictionaries like wKSVD and BPFA and a superior performance to other algorithms based on pre-defined/analytic dictionaries.
Static shunt compensation for voltage flicker reduction and power factor correction (1976)

Although the concurrent use of TAM with RT may theoretically render cancer cells less responsive to RT, this retrospective study suggests that in practical application, concurrent administration of TAM with RT does not compromise local control.
A Practical Attack on Mobile Data Network Using IP Spoofing (2013)

As the mobile Internet has become widespread in recent years, communication based on mobile networks is increasing. As a result, security threats have been posed with regard to the abnormal tra ffic of mobile networks, but mobile security has been handled with focus on threats posed by mobile malicious codes, and researches on security threats to the mobile network itself have not attracted much attention. In this paper, we analyzes security threats that occurred to mobile networks recently, and checks the security threats likely to occur in actual commercial service networks and their results. We propose a countermeasure that can respond to such security threats, present results that can be applied to actual commercial networ ks, and thus make it possible to proactively respond to security threats described in this paper.
Ticket-based service access scheme for mobile users (2002)

Security is one of the important issues in mobile computing, especially in mobile database systems since mobile environments are dynamic and traditional protection mechanisms do not work very well in such environments.For mobile database access across multiple service domains, the traditional access mechanisms rely on the concept of starting home location and cross domain authentication using roaming agreements.However, the cross domain authentications will involve many complicated authentication activities when the roam path is long.This limits the future mobile applications.This paper presents a global solution for all kinds of mobile services, by a ticket-based service access model that allows anonymous service usage in mobile application and access.The service provider can avoid roaming to multiple service domains, only contacting the Credential Centre to check the user's certification.The user can preserve anonymity and read a clear record of charges in the Credential Centre at anytime.Furthermore, the identity of misbehaving users can be revealed by a Trusted Centre.
High-Resolution Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography with Compression ("Positron Emission Mammography") is Highly Accurate in Depicting Primary Breast Cancer (2006)

We sought to prospectively assess the diagnostic performance of a high-resolution positron emission tomography (PET) scanner using mild breast compression (positron emission mammography [PEM]). Data were collected on concomitant medical conditions to assess potential confounding factors. At four centers, 94 consecutive women with known breast cancer or suspicious breast lesions received 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) intravenously, followed by PEM scans. Readers were provided clinical histories and x-ray mammograms (when available). After excluding inevaluable cases and two cases of lymphoma, PEM readings were correlated with histopathology for 92 lesions in 77 women: 77 index lesions (42 malignant), 3 ipsilateral lesions (3 malignant), and 12 contralateral lesions (3 malignant). Of 48 cancers, 16 (33%) were clinically evident; 11 (23%) were ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and 37 (77%) were invasive (30 ductal, 4 lobular, and 3 mixed; median size 21 mm). PEM depicted 10 of 11 (91%) DCIS and 33 of 37 (89%) invasive cancers. PEM was positive in 1 of 2 T1a tumors, 4 of 6 T1b tumors, 7 of 7 T1c tumors, and 4 of 4 cases where tumor size was not available (e.g., no surgical follow-up). PEM sensitivity for detecting cancer was 90%, specificity 86%, positive predictive value (PPV) 88%, negative predictive value (NPV) 88%, accuracy 88%, and area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (Az) 0.918. In three patients, cancer foci were identified only on PEM, significantly changing patient management. Excluding eight diabetic subjects and eight subjects whose lesions were characterized as clearly benign with conventional imaging, PEM sensitivity was 91%, specificity 93%, PPV 95%, NPV 88%, accuracy 92%, and Az 0.949 when interpreted with mammographic and clinical findings. FDG PEM has high diagnostic accuracy for breast lesions, including DCIS.
The MAP kinase‐activated protein kinase 2 contains a proline‐rich SH3‐binding domain (1993)

The protein sequence of MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAP kinase 2) deduced from mouse cDNA sequence reveals structural features of the enzyme, which could be of importance for its function: a proline-rich SH3-binding domain N-terminal to the catalytic region, a MAP kinase phosphorylation site and a bipartite nuclear targeting sequence located C-terminal to the catalytic region. The catalytic domain itself has the strongest homology to calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Northern blot analysis demonstrates a 3.5 kb MAPKAP kinase 2 transcript which is ubiquitously expressed and, hence, co-expressed with the mRNA of the recently identified substrate Hsp25 in all tissues analysed. However, the functional consequences of the nuclear targeting sequence present in MAPKAP kinase 2 suggest the existence of further substrates for the enzyme in the nucleus.
Comparison of Deep Foundation Performance in Improved and Non-Improved Ground Using Blast-Induced Liquefaction (2000)

The results presented in this paper were developed as part of a larger project analyzing the behavior of full-scale laterally loaded piles in liquefied soil, the first full-scale testing of its kind. This paper presents the results of a series of full-scale tests performed on deep foundations in liquefiable sand, both before and after ground improvement, where controlled blasting was used to liquefy the soil surrounding the foundations. Data were collected showing the behavior of laterally loaded piles before and after liquefaction. After the installation of stone columns, the tests were repeated. Based on the results of these tests, it can be concluded that the installation of stone columns can significantly increase the density of the improved ground as indicated by the cone penetration test. The stone columns were found to significantly increase the stiffness of the foundation system, by more than 2.5 to 3.5 times that in the liquefied soil. However, in non-liquefied ground, the improvement from stone columns could be more than compensated for by increasing the piles. In liquefied soil, however, more than doubling the number of piles or increasing shafts diameters by 50 percent did not nearly match the improved performance of the treated ground. This study provides some of the first full-scale quantitative results on the improvement of foundation performance due to stone columns in a liquefiable deposit.
Fiber Debonding in Residually Stressed Brittle Matrix Composites (1990)

The competition between initial fiber debonding versus fiber failure marks a crucial event of the microstructural failure process in fiber‐reinforced brittle matrix composites. In this study, the role of a thermal residual stress field on the debonding conditions is examined theoretically and analytically. The analysis is based on two critical observations, the first being that the mechanics at the tip of a kink crack are driven only by the singularity at the main crack tip. Following from the first is the second observation that any thermal stress effects on the debonding criteria should enter only through the phase angle ψ T of the total stress intensity factor at the main crack tip. In general, this stress intensity factor has a thermal as well as a mechanical load contribution. It is shown that when the thermal and mechanical stress intensities, K R and K t , respectively, are in phase , i.e., ψ R =ψ t , the existing debonding conditions are universal and can be used even in the presence of thermal loads. On the contrary, when K R and K t are out of phase , i.e., ψ R ≠ψ t , events such as the delamination of thick films or debonding of inclined aligned fibers in brittle matrix composites become sensitive to the presence of the thermal stresses.