gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a fluorescent microsphere immunoassay for cystatin B (CSTB) in serum of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (2010)

We measured CSTB with both the FMI and an ELISA procedure and compared the two methods. The CSTB concentrations in serum specimens as measured with the FMI assay system were similar to those measured with ELISA. Thus, the new FMI using the Bio-Plex system may be useful for detection of CSTB in human serum.
ChemInform Abstract: POTENTIAL ANTICANCER AGENTS‐ SYNTHESIS OF CYTIDINE‐5‐CARBOXYLIC ACID AND CYTOSINE‐5‐CARBONYLAMINO ACIDS (1977)

Abstract Aus dem Cytosincarboxylat (I) wird das Hg‐Derivat (II) dargestellt und mit dem Tribenzoylribofuranosylchlorid (III) zu dem Nucleosid (IV) kondensiert, dessen Hydrolyse 5‐Carboxy‐cytidin (V) liefert.
ComiR: combinatorial microRNA target prediction tool (2013)

ComiR is a web tool for combinatorial microRNA (miRNA) target prediction. Given an messenger RNA (mRNA) in human, mouse, fly or worm genomes, ComiR computes the potential of being targeted by a set of miRNAs, each of which can have zero, one or more targets on its 3'untranslated region. In determining the regulatory potential of an mRNA from a set of miRNAs, ComiR uses user-provided miRNA expression levels in a combination of appropriate thermodynamic modeling and machine learning techniques to make more accurate predictions. For each gene, ComiR returns the probability of being a functional target of a set of miRNAs, which depends on the relative miRNA expression levels. The tool provides a user-friendly interface to input a miRNA expression table containing many sample information and filter out the most relevant miRNAs. ComiR results can be downloaded or visualized on a table, which can then be used to select the most relevant targets and to compare the results obtained with different miRNA expression input. ComiR is freely available for academic use at http://www.benoslab.pitt.edu/comir/.
Compressional sound velocity, equation of state, and constitutive response of shock‐compressed magnesium oxide (1995)

Wave profile and equation of state (EOS) data are reported for low‐porosity polycrystalline magnesium oxide under shock compression. The Hugoniot equation of state between 14 and 133 GPa is U S = 6.87(10) + 1.24(4) u p , where the numbers in parentheses are one standard deviation uncertainties in the last digit(s). Reverse‐impact wave profiles constrain the compressional sound velocity, V p , at 10–27 GPa to ±2%. Measured V p values are consistent with ultrasonic data extrapolated from 3 GPa. By combining the Hugoniot results with ultrasonic data, the adiabatic bulk modulus and its first and second pressure derivatives at constant entropy are 162.5(2) GPa, 4.09(9), and −0.019(4) GPa −1 . The shear modulus and its first and second pressure derivatives are 130.8(2) GPa, 2.5(1), −0.026(45) GPa −1 . Polycrystalline MgO has a compressive yield strength of 1–1.5 GPa at the elastic limit which increases to 2.7(8) GPa along the Hugoniot and is similar at unloading. Wave profiles for MgO at 10–39 GPa are described using a modified elastic‐plastic model. There are significant differences in the dynamic response of single‐crystal and polycrystalline MgO.
Delivery of the Immunosuppressive Antigen Salp15 to Antigen-Presenting Cells by<i>Salmonella enterica</i>Serovar Typhimurium<i>aroA</i>Mutants (2004)

A Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium aroA-deficient delivery system was used to target the immunosuppressive protein Salp15 to antigen-presenting cells. In vitro and in vivo infections with Salp15-containing Salmonella resulted in an impaired CD4(+)-T-cell activation, suggesting that the protein was produced by antigen-presenting cells in a physiologically active form.
Severe and mild mutations in cis for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, and description of five novel mutations in MTHFR. (1996)

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) catalyzes the synthesis of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, a methyl donor in the conversion of homocysteine to methionine. Patients with severe MTHFR deficiency have hyperhomocysteinemia, hypomethioninemia, and a range of neurological and vascular findings with a variable age at onset. We have previously described nine mutations in patients with severe MTHFR deficiency. A mild form of MTHFR deficiency, associated with a thermolabile enzyme, has been proposed as a genetic risk factor for cardiovascular disease and for neural tube defects. We have shown that a common missense mutation (an alanine-to-valine substitution) encodes this thermolabile variant. We now report an additional five mutations causing severe MTHFR deficiency and an analysis of genotype (alanine/valine status) and enzyme thermolability in 22 patients with this inborn error of metabolism. Six of these patients have four mutations in the MTHFR gene-two rare mutations causing severe deficiency and two mutations for the common alanine-to-valine mutation that results in thermolability. Even in severe MTHFR deficiency, the thermolabile variant is frequently observed, and there is a strong relationship between the presence of this variant and increased enzyme thermolability.
Environment likely to be factor in trade talks (1992)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTEnvironment likely to be factor in trade talksEARL ANDERSONCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1992, 70, 39, 28–31Publication Date (Print):September 28, 1992Publication History Published online10 November 2010Published inissue 28 September 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v070n039.p028https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v070n039.p028newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1992 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views4Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Full high-dynamic range images for dynamic scenes (2012)

The limited dynamic range of digital images can be extended by composing photographs of the same scene taken with the same camera at the same view point at dierent exposure times. This is a standard procedure for static scenes but a challenging task for dynamic ones. Several methods have been presented but few recover high dynamic range within moving areas. We present a method to recover full high dynamic range (HDR) images from dynamic scenes, even in moving regions. Our method has 3 steps. Firstly, areas aected by motion are detected to generate a ghost mask. Secondly, we register dynamic objects over a reference image (the best exposed image in the input sequence). Thirdly, we combine the registered input photographs to recover HDR values in a whole image using a weighted average function. Once matching is found, the assembling step guarantees that all aligned pixels will contribute to the nal result, including dynamic content. Tests were made on more than 20 sets of sequences, with moving cars or pedestrians and dierent background. Our results show that Image Mapping Function approach detects best motion regions while Normalized Cross Correlation oers the best deal speed-accuracy for image registration. Results from our method oers better result when moving object are roughly rigid and their movement is mostly rigid. The nal composition is an HDR image with no ghosting and all dynamic content present in HDR values.
Biological Sensing and Interface Design in Gold Island Film Based Localized Plasmon Transducers (2008)

Discontinuous, island-type gold films (typically < or = 10 nm nominal thickness) prepared by evaporation of the metal on transparent substrates show a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) extinction in the visible-to-NIR range and can be used as optical transducers for monitoring local refractive index change. Such transducers, operated in the transmission configuration, provide an effective scheme for label-free biological sensing using basic spectrophotometric equipment. Optimization of the sensitivity of LPSR transducers requires consideration of the distance between the metal island surface and the bound analyte, strongly affecting the optical response due to the fast decay of the evanescent field of localized plasmons. In the present work Au island based LSPR transducers were used to monitor antibody-antigen interactions, demonstrating the effect of the biorecognition interface thickness. Evaporated Au island films derivatized with IgG or hCG antigens were used as biological recognition elements for selective sensing of antibody binding, distinguishing between specific and nonspecific interactions. The LSPR results are supported by XPS and ellipsometry data as well as by AFM and HRSEM imaging, the latter providing actual visualization of the two protein binding steps. Increase of the recognition interface thickness leads to a concomitant decrease in the extinction and wavelength sensitivity, generally conforming to a model of an exponentially decaying surface plasmon (SP) evanescent field.
Alterations in the Conserved SL1<i>trans</i>-Spliced Leader of <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> Demonstrate Flexibility in Length and Sequence Requirements In Vivo (1999)

Approximately 70% of mRNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans are trans spliced to conserved 21- to 23-nucleotide leader RNAs. While the function of SL1, the major C. elegans trans-spliced leader, is unknown, SL1 RNA, which contains this leader, is essential for embryogenesis. Efforts to characterize in vivo requirements of the SL1 leader sequence have been severely constrained by the essential role of the corresponding DNA sequences in SL1 RNA transcription. We devised a heterologous expression system that circumvents this problem, making it possible to probe the length and sequence requirements of the SL1 leader without interfering with its transcription. We report that expression of SL1 from a U2 snRNA promoter rescues mutants lacking the SL1-encoding genes and that the essential embryonic function of SL1 is retained when approximately one-third of the leader sequence and/or the length of the leader is significantly altered. In contrast, although all mutant SL1 RNAs were well expressed, more severe alterations eliminate this essential embryonic function. The one non-rescuing mutant leader tested was never detected on messages, demonstrating that part of the leader sequence is essential for trans splicing in vivo. Thus, in spite of the high degree of SL1 sequence conservation, its length, primary sequence, and composition are not critical parameters of its essential embryonic function. However, particular nucleotides in the leader are essential for the in vivo function of the SL1 RNA, perhaps for its assembly into a functional snRNP or for the trans-splicing reaction.
The Dissociation Pressures of Thorium Dihydride in the Thorium-Thorium Dihydride System<sup>1a</sup> (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Dissociation Pressures of Thorium Dihydride in the Thorium-Thorium Dihydride System1aManley W. Mallett and Ivor E. CampbellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 10, 4850–4852Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01154a112https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01154a112research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views49Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multiparameter two‐dimensional inversion of scattered teleseismic body waves 2. Numerical examples (2001)

In this paper, we investigate the formal inversion of synthetic teleseismic P coda waves for subsurface elastic properties using a ray theoretic approach which assumes single scattering [ Bostock et al. , this issue]. We consider a model comprising an idealized lithospheric suture zone whose geometrical configuration is drawn from previous deep crustal seismic studies. Two‐dimensional, pseudospectral synthetic seismograms representing plane waves propagating through this model are preprocessed to extract an estimate of the scattered wave field generated by short‐wavelength structure. These data are employed in a series of numerical simulations which examine the dependence of multiparameter inversion results on a range of input parameters. In particular, we demonstrate (1) the contrasting sensitivity which forward and backscattered waves display to structural recovery, (2) the diminution of the problem null‐space accompanied by increased source coverage, (3) improvements in model reconstruction achieved through simultaneous treatment of multiple scattering modes, and (4) the robustness of the method for data sets with noise levels and receiver geometries that approach those of field experiments.
Research on Bio-microdissection System for Biomedicine technology (2006)

In the biomedicine research domain, some accurate molecular analysis methods are limited if the input DNA, RNA, or protein is not derived from pure population of cells or is contaminated by the wrong cells. A novel piezo-power microdissection system using ultrasonic vibration was proposed to procure pure population of targeted cells from tissue sections for subsequent analysis. The principle of the ultrasonic vibration cutting is analyzed, and the piezo-power microdissection tool and the vacuum gripper are designed. A multilayer piezoelectric actuator is used to actuate a sharp needle vibrating with high frequency and low amplitude (Approx. 16-50 kHz, and 0-3 mum) to cut the tissue. A vacuum-capture gripper was designed to collect and transport the isolated target cells/tissue by using a close-loop system to control the working pressure. Experimental results showed that the embedded tissue can be quickly and precisely cut. Contrast experiment was done to test the feasibility of this bio-microdissection system
Asymmetric Baeyer–Villiger Oxidation of 2,3‐ and 2,3,4‐Substituted Cyclobutanones Catalyzed by Chiral Phosphoric Acids with Aqueous H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> as the Oxidant (2010)

Abstract Catalytic asymmetric Baeyer–Villiger (B–V) oxidation of 2,3,4‐trisubstituted cyclobutanone ( 4 ) has been realized by the catalysis of a 1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol (BINOL)‐derived chiral phosphoric acid ( 1j ), which contains bulky 2,4,6‐triisopropyl phenyl groups at the 3,3′‐positions of the BINOL backbone, using 30 % aqueous H 2 O 2 as the oxidant, affording the corresponding γ‐lactone ( 5 ) in 99 % yield with 95 % ee . In a divergent kinetic resolution of racemic 2,3‐disubstituted bicyclic cyclobutanones ( 6 ) through asymmetric B–V oxidation, the chiral phosphoric acid 1p demonstrated excellent catalytic performance, giving a range of regioisomeric chiral lactones in a normal lactone ( nl )/abnormal lactone ( al ) ratio of up to 2.1:1, with up to 99 % ee in the al product. It was found that fine tuning of the stereoelectronic properties of the backbone in chiral phosphoric acids is critically important for attaining high levels of enantioselectivity in the catalysis of B–V reactions of different type of cyclobutanones. The present work has provided a convenient approach to the synthesis of a variety of optically active chiral γ‐lactones.
Laminin γ1 chain peptide, C-16 (KAFDITYVRLKF), promotes migration, MMP-9 secretion, and pulmonary metastasis of B16–F10 mouse melanoma cells (2002)

Laminin-1, a heterotrimer of alpha 1, beta 1, and gamma 1 chains specific to basement membrane, promotes cell adhesion and migration, proteinase secretion and metastases of tumour cells. Several active sites on the alpha 1 chain have been found to promote B16-F10 melanoma lung colonisation and here we have determined whether additional tumour promoting sites exist on the beta 1 and gamma 1 chains. Recently, we have identified novel cell adhesive peptides derived from laminin beta 1 and gamma 1 chains by systematic screening of synthetic peptides. Nine beta 1 peptides and seven gamma 1 peptides active for cell adhesion were tested for their effects on experimental pulmonary metastases of B16-F10 mouse melanoma cells in vivo. The most active adhesive peptide derived from the gamma 1 chain globular domain, C-16 (KAFDITYVRLKF), significantly enhanced pulmonary metastases of B16-F10 cells, whereas no other peptides showed enhancement. C-16 also stimulated migration of B16-F10 cells in the Boyden chamber assay in vitro. Furthermore, C-16 significantly induced the production of MMP-9 from B16-F10 cells. These results suggest that this specific laminin gamma 1 chain peptide has a metastasis-promoting activity and might be a new molecular target of anti-cancer treatment.
Anchoring zero valence single atoms of nickel and iron on graphdiyne for hydrogen evolution (2018)

Electrocatalysis by atomic catalysts is a major focus of chemical and energy conversion effort. Although transition-metal-based bulk electrocatalysts for electrochemical application on energy conversion processes have been reported frequently, anchoring the stable transition-metal atoms (e.g. nickel and iron) still remains a practical challenge. Here we report a strategy for fabrication of ACs comprising only isolated nickel/iron atoms anchored on graphdiyne. Our findings identify the very narrow size distributions of both nickel (1.23 Å) and iron (1.02 Å), typical sizes of single-atom nickel and iron. The precision of this method motivates us to develop a general approach in the field of single-atom transition-metal catalysis. Such atomic catalysts have high catalytic activity and stability for hydrogen evolution reactions.
A syntactical approach to diagnosing multiple bugs in an intelligent tutoring system (1996)

This paper develops a buggy model-based intelligent tutoring system (ITS) capable of diagnosing multiple bugs, pinpointing not only their types but also their exact locations involved. The procedural grammar of context free type is used not only to decompose a complicated procedure involving possible steps of both correct and incorrect arithmetic into simplest, 'primitive' procedures but also to express control knowledge essential to implementing an efficient parser. An efficient parser is implemented by narrowing down the search space, exploiting the control knowledge, the selection and consistency conditions in selecting rules in parsing. Parsing of superficial symptoms such as a student's errors in arithmetic essentially reveals the deep structure of the buggy knowledge of the student so that teachers may now devise and offer a more effective means of instructions for acquiring the correct skill of arithmetic.
Solar cell efficiency tables (version 37) (2010)

Abstract Consolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined and new entries since June 2010 are reviewed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
σ<sup>2</sup> <sub> <i>R</i> </sub>, a reciprocal-space measure of the quality of macromolecular electron-density maps (1999)

It has previously been shown that the presence of distinct regions of solvent and protein in macromolecular crystals leads to a high value of the standard deviation of local r.m.s. electron density and that this can in turn be used as a reliable measure of the quality of macromolecular electron-density maps [Terwilliger & Berendzen (1999a). Acta Cryst. D55, 501-505]. Here, it is demonstrated that a similar measure, sigmaR2, the variance of the local roughness of the electron density, can be calculated in reciprocal space. The formulation is suitable for rapid evaluation of macromolecular crystallographic phases, for phase improvement and for ab initio phasing procedures.
Developments on the Toroid Ion Trap Analyzer (1999)

Investigations into several areas of research have been undertaken to address the performance limitations of the toroid analyzer. The Simion 3D6 (2) ion optics simulation program was used to determine whether the potential well minimum of the toroid trapping field is in the physical center of the trap electrode structure. The results (Figures 1) indicate that the minimum of the potential well is shifted towards the inner ring electrode by an amount approximately equal to 10% of the r0 dimension. A simulation of the standard 3D ion trap under similar conditions was performed as a control. In this case, the ions settle to the minimum of the potential well at a point that is coincident with the physical center (both radial and axial) of the trapping electrodes. It is proposed that by using simulation programs, a set of new analyzer electrodes can be fashioned that will correct for the non- linear fields introduced by curving the substantially quadrupolar field about the toroid axis in order to provide a trapping field similar to the 3D ion trap cross- section. A new toroid electrode geometry has been devised to allow the use of channel- tron style detectors in place of the more expensive multichannel plate detector. Two different versions have been designed and constructed - one using the current ion trap cross- section (Figure 2) and another using the linear quedrupole cross- section design first reported by Bier and Syka (3).
Silicon dioxide fine patterning by reactive fast atom beam etching (1988)

A fast atom beam technique is applied to silicon dioxide substrate pattern fabrication. A modified Mcllraith (saddle field) fast atom source having a charge exchange cell in front of the cathode grid is studied under several discharge conditions. High pressure in the source is shown to increase the proportion of high-energy neutral particles in the beam. The tendencies of the neutralizations are in accordance with calculations based on resonance charge transfer. Maximum etch rates for Si and SiO2 using a CF4 +O2 gas mixture are achieved at a relative CF4 gas flow rate of 0.76, and the etch rate for SiO2, unlike that for Si, is found to depend linearly on the discharge current. The etched sidewalls at a discharge voltage of 1.2 kV were nearly perpendicular. Reactive fast atom beam etching proved capable of producing highly accurate 0.2-μm-wide pattern formations.