gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Haematological changes following systemic injection of purified carrageenans (kappa, lambda and iota). (1981)

Kappa, lambda and iota carrageenans were administered i.p. (125 mg/kg) to groups of Sprague-Dawley rats. Each carrageenan (but especially kappa and lambda) caused thrombocytopenia and red-cell damage, particularly burring, within 2 days. This was followed by rebound thrombocytosis and persistent anaemia, accompanied by a reticulocytosis. A 2-fold increase in fibrinogen was observed at 24 or 48 h. All groups showed a leucopenia at 1 h, then a progressive leucocytosis, maximal at 48 h (kappa and lambda) or Day 7 (iota). Between 1 and 24 h there was a significant lymphopenia, followed by lymphocytosis (kappa and lambda) including Turk cells and pronounced neutrophilia in all groups. Monocytosis occurred in response to each carrageenan on Days 2-4 (kappa) or Day 7 (lambda and iota). Injection of kappa carrageenan was characterized by the presence (up to Day 7) of carrageenan-positive material, in the form of floccules, within the peripheral blood, and by Day 7 the appearance of histiocyte-type macrophages which exhibited haemo-phagocytosis. In the lambda group, carrageenan-positive granules were observed in the cytoplasm of mononuclear cells throughout the experimental period. No intracellular carrageenan was demonstrable in peripheral blood in the iota group or within neutrophils of any of the injected animals. Overall marrow cellularity was not altered by carrageenan, but small numbers of kappa- and lambda-containing macrophages were identified. Splenomegaly was consistently observed and in histological section carrageenan-positive macrophages were detected in the red pulp, particularly in the lambda group.
Chiral Selective Transmembrane Transport of Amino Acids through Artificial Channels (2013)

Peptide-appended pillar[n]arene (n = 5, 6) derivatives have been synthesized. (1)H NMR and IR studies revealed that the molecules adopt a tubular conformation in solution and lipid bilayer membranes. Kinetic measurements using the fluorescent labeling method with lipid vesicles revealed that these molecules can efficiently mediate the transport of amino acids across lipid membranes at a very low channel-to-lipid ratio (EC(50) = 0.002 mol %). In several cases, chiral selectivity for amino acid enantiomers was achieved, which is one of the key functions of natural amino acid channels.
Photonic band gap effect and dye-encapsulated cucurbituril-triggered enhanced fluorescence using monolithic colloidal photonic crystals (2019)

Enhanced fluorescence was achieved by tuning the photonic band gaps in colloidal photonic crystals and host–guest chemistry.
Polarographic Oxygen Electrode1 (1959)

A method has been developed for the continuous monitoring of oxygen tension in solutions and gases. The oxygen is reduced at a platinum surface which is covered with a plastic membrane. The silver‐silver oxide reference electrode is also included under the membrane. Drift is less than 10 per cent for a period of days, and temperature compensation is possible. A number of uses to which it has been put are described.
An Annotated Listing of Host Plants of Lygus hesperus Knight (1977)

For many years, species of the Mirid genus Lygus (Hahn) have been known as destructive pests of many crops. Of these species, L. hesperus Knight is probably the most important in the western regions of the United States and Canada. It attacks the reproductive parts—buds, flowers and developing seed—of many crop plants, as well as sucking sap from leaves and stems. However, the attacks on the flowers and seeds are the most important. According to Butler, L. hesperus must feed on these plant parts, or have a sugar source, for reproduction. Also, Bryan et al. report that, in the laboratory, the species will reproduce faster when supplied with a source of animal protein.
An investigation of residual stress gradient effects in FIB-DIC micro-ring-core analysis (2015)

In many cases residually stresses surface layers that are obtained by surface treatment or coating deposition contain significant stress gradients. These gradients affect the performance of component surfaces under the conditions of contact loading in service, such as impact, scratch and abrasion, wear, erosion, fretting fatigue, etc. The determination of residual stress in the close vicinity of sample surfaces, at the depths ranging from sub-micron to a few microns, is a challenging task that cannot be accomplished routinely using existing techniques. A challenging aspect of the problem of stress evaluation concerns the nature of weighting of the contributions from different depths below the surface within the gauge volume. In the present study we focus our attention on this issue, specifically, on the effects of sub-surface stress gradients on the apparent stress value obtained by FIB-DIC micro-ring-core analysis. The implications of this investigation are discussed in the concluding section.
RT-PCR assay for detection of Lassa virus and related Old World arenaviruses targeting the L gene (2007)

This study describes an RT-PCR assay targeting the L RNA segment of arenaviruses. Conserved regions were identified in the polymerase domain of the L gene on the basis of published sequences for Lassa virus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), Pichinde virus and Tacaribe virus, as well as 15 novel sequences for Lassa virus, LCMV, Ippy virus, Mobala virus and Mopeia virus determined in this study. Using these regions as target sites, a PCR assay for detection of all known Old World arenaviruses was developed and optimized. The concentration that yields 95% positive results in a set of replicate tests (95% detection limit) was determined to be 4290 copies of Lassa virus L RNA per ml of serum, corresponding to 30 copies per reaction. The ability of the assay to detect various Old World arenaviruses was demonstrated with in vitro transcribed RNA, material from infected cell cultures and samples from patients with Lassa fever and monkeys with LCMV-associated callitrichid hepatitis. The L gene PCR assay may be applicable: (i) as a complementary diagnostic test for Lassa virus and LCMV; (ii) to identify unknown Old World arenaviruses suspected as aetiological agents of disease; and (iii) for screening of potential reservoir hosts for unknown Old World arenaviruses.
Rabbitpox Virus and Vaccinia Virus Infection of Rabbits as a Model for Human Smallpox (2007)

The threat of smallpox release and use as a bioweapon has encouraged the search for new vaccines and antiviral drugs, as well as development of new small-animal models in which their efficacy can be determined. Here, we reinvestigate a rabbit model in which the intradermal infection of rabbits with very low doses of either rabbitpox virus (RPV) or vaccinia virus Western Reserve (VV-WR) recapitulates many of the clinical features of human smallpox. Following intradermal inoculation with RPV, rabbits develop systemic disease characterized by extensive viremia, numerous secondary lesions on the skin and mucocutaneous tissues, severe respiratory disease, death by 9 days postinfection, and, importantly, natural aerosol transmission between animals. Contrary to previous reports, intradermal infection with VV-WR also resulted in a very similar lethal systemic disease in rabbits, again with natural aerosol transmission between animals. When sentinel and index animals were cohoused, transmission rates approached 100% with either virus, with sentinel animals exhibiting a similar, severe disease. Lower rates of transmission were observed when index and sentinel animals were housed in separate cages. Sentinel animals infected with RPV with one exception succumbed to the disease. However, the majority of VV-WR-infected sentinel animals, while becoming seriously ill, survived. Finally, we tested the efficacy of the drug 1-O-hexadecyloxypropyl-cidofovir in the RPV/rabbit model and found that an oral dose of 5 mg/kg twice a day for 5 days beginning 1 day before infection was able to completely protect rabbits from lethal disease.
Field experiment results using 2&#x00D7;2 and 4&#x00D7;4 MIMO precoding in E-UTRA downlink (2009)

We present field experiment results on multiple input multiple output (MIMO) precoding using orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) in the E-UTRA downlink. We measured the throughput performance of 4×4 MIMO precoding with 1- to 4-stream transmission. Time variation characteristics of throughput, SINR, and antenna correlations are compared to evaluate the selection criteria for the number of streams. The throughput performance of 2×2 MIMO precoding are also evaluated and compared with the results of the 4×4 MIMO case. Based on the evaluation of the field experiment results, we verify that the throughput is maximized using 3- or 4-stream transmission. Furthermore, we verify that 2-stream transmission is also effective for 4×4 MIMO in an actual propagation environment, since high antenna correlation sometimes happens on which the throughput performance of 3- or 4-stream transmission is severely degraded. Evaluation results also show that the estimated gain of rank adaptation is about 11.6% for 4×4 MIMO and about 6% for 2×2 MIMO.
Enhanced uplink multi-users scheduling for future 802.11ax networks: wait-to-pick-as-available enhanced (2016)

One of the key enablers of the upcoming IEEE 802.11ax standard is the inclusion of uplink multi-users (UL MU) transmission model, which is performed using multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and beamforming techniques. So far, UL MU-MIMO has not been standardized in any of IEEE 802.11 amendments, because of technical issues facing its definition. One of these significant issues is the scheduling of UL MU-MIMO transmissions, which refers to selection rules and resource allocation procedures performed before simultaneous data transmissions. Indeed, simultaneous transmitters and receiver should exchange some information to correctly transmit the parallel data frames. However, this information exchange adds overheads, leading to reduce network performance. In this regard, we have proposed, in a previous work, a novel 802.11ax medium access control protocol aiming at reducing elapsed time in managing the establishment of an UL -MU communication called Wait-to-Pick-As-Available (W2PAA). Our contribution in this paper is twofold. First, we introduce an analytical model based on semi-Markov Chains to evaluate the performance of W2PAA; taking into a detailed behavior of the backoff counter (i.e. freezing period). Second, we propose an enhanced version of W2PAA aiming at improving both system and user-oriented performances. Aiming at validating the analytical model and comparing the performance of both versions of W2PAA, we used computer simulation. Obtained results, validate the analytical model in one hand, and clearly indicated the gain of both W2PAA versions by report to the basic UL-Single User on the other hand. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aclacinomycin A and Behenoyl Arabinofuranosylcytosine Combination Chemotherapy for Previously Untreated Acute Leukemia (1986)

Twenty-one patients with previously untreated acute leukemia were treated with a combination chemotherapy of 120–200 mg/m2 of aclacinomycin A (ACM-A) in five divided daily doses and behenoyl-arabinofuranosylcytosine (BH-AC) 200–250 mg/m2 for 7 days at Saitama Cancer Center between April 1980 and July 1983. Complete remission was obtained in 12 of 21 patients (57.1%; M1 0/1, M2 10/10, M3 0/2, M4 1/3, leukemic transformation from sideroblastic anemia 0/1, refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation 1/2, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia 0/1). Seven of 9 patients who failed to have complete remission were crossed over to a combination chemotherapy of daunorubicin (DNR) plus BH-AC or cytosine arabinoside (ara-C), or single DNR for patients with M3, yielding complete remission in 5 patients. Seven patients received a total cumulative dose of more than 600 mg/m2 of ACM-A. The maximum dose given was 2,000 mg/m2. No congestive heart failure has yet been experienced. The median survival time was 12 months. These results have demonstrated that a combination of ACM-A and BH-AC shows almost equivalent activity with that of a standard induction therapy consisting of DNR plus ara-C. In addition, it was suggested that ACM-A plus BH-AC could be incorporated into reinforcement therapy because of supposedly less cardiac toxicity.
The mesothelium under the siege of dialysis solutions: old glucose, new glucose, and glucose-free osmotic agents. (2009)

Use of one bag of glucose peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) results in the development of a dose-related senescent mesothelial cell phenotype not linked to acidic pH or the presence of lactate buffer. This complication derives mostly from oxidative stress induced both by glucose itself and by glucose degradation products (GDPs). New glucose formulations are offered in dual- or three-chambered bags, keeping the glucose at a low pH. The result is a reduced presence but not complete elimination of GDPs. These formulations have the potential to slow injury to the peritoneal membrane. Icodextrin and amino-acid PDFs, used for one exchange daily, have advantages and drawbacks alike. Icodextrin offers excellent ultrafiltration, but on the other hand, mesothelial cells incubated with this osmotic agent show reduced viability and proliferation and DNA damage. These unwanted effects appear to result from a substantial degree of oxidative stress. An amino-acid-based PDF offers a positive nutritional effect; however its ultrafiltration capability is not higher than an equimolar 1.5% glucose solution. Amino-acid solution appears to be more biocompatible than glucose-based fluid. So far glucose PDF offered in a single-compartment bag is not a biocompatible solution for long-term peritoneal dialysis. Icodextrin does not appear to be more biocompatible than glucose. Amino-acid-based solution is less harmful to the mesothelium, but its usefulness is still limited.
Targeting Cysteine Residues of Biomolecules: New Approaches for the Design of Antiviral and Anticancer Drugs (2002)

Modification of cysteine (Cys) residues in proteins, due to (i) the participation of the thiol moiety of this amino acid in oxido-reductions reactions; (ii) its ability to strongly coordinate transition metal ions; or (iii) its nucleophilic nature and facile reaction with electrophiles, may be of critical importance for the design of novel types of pharmacological agents. Application of such procedures, recently led to the design of novel antivirals, mainly based on the reaction of zinc finger proteins with disulfides and related derivatives. This approach was particularly successful for developing novel anti-HIV and anti-HPV agents. Several new anticancer therapeutic approaches, mainly targeting tubulin, Ras and fanesyl transferase among others, have also been reported. Miscellaneous other agents/procedures which found less applications for the moment, and which are based on Cys modification reactions, are reviewed. This unique amino acid offers very interesting possibilities to develop particularly useful pharmacological agents, which generally possess a completely different mechanism of action as compared to classical agents in clinical use, avoiding their major problems such as multidrug-resistance of antivirals or antitumor agents or high toxicity associated with classical such chemotherapeutic agents.
Metal organic frameworks as precursors for the manufacture of advanced catalytic materials (2017)

Metal organic frameworks are thoroughly reviewed as exemplary precursors for the manufacture of highly catalytically active materials.
The Circular Dichroism Spectra of the β-Cyclodextrin Complex with Naphthalene Derivatives (1975)

Abstract The circular dichroism spectra of β-cyclodextrin complexes with naphthalene derivatives were investigated. A remarkable difference in the spectra was observed between the 1-substituted naphthalene complex and the 2-substituted naphthalene complex, indicating that the steric effect of substituents on the formation of the complex is so strong that the structures may be different for these complexes. The calculation of the rotational strength by the method of Kirkwood-Tinoco revealed that the structure of the 2-substituted naphthalene complex is an axial inclusion.
Optimal Design of Magnetostrictive Transducers For Power Harvesting From Vibrations (2011)

Methodology is proposed for designing of magnetostrictive electric generator having maximal mean power output for a given amount of active material in a transducer and a prescribed vibration excitation. The methodology is based on dimensional analysis of constitutive linear equations of magnetostriction and numerical solution of constrained optimization problem in transducer’s dimensionless design parameters space by using Sequential Quadratic Programming algorithm. The methodology has been used to design optimal Terfenol-D based transducer for power harvesting from vibrations. It was shown that for steady state operations there exists possibility to choose only 4 new design parameters being the functions of dimensionless parameters of the transducer. Magnetostrictive strain derivative, Young’s modulus and magnetic permeability were determined as functions of magnetic bias and prestress by using experimental data of Terfenol-D. Contour plots and numerical analysis of design parameters show that within the considered concept of magnetostrictive electric generator there exists a set of structural parameters of the transducer that lead to its optimal performance with given amount of active material and prescribed vibration excitation. Examples of solution of optimal design problem demonstrate that for harmonic kinematic excitation with amplitude 0,0002m and frequency 100Hz it is possible to design a magnetostrictive electric generator with 3,2W mean power output having mass of active material 0,01kg.
Fault-tolerant quantum computation with cluster states (2005)

The one-way quantum computing model introduced by Raussendorf and Briegel [Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5188 (2001)] shows that it is possible to quantum compute using only a fixed entangled resource known as a cluster state, and adaptive single-qubit measurements. This model is the basis for several practical proposals for quantum computation, including a promising proposal for optical quantum computation based on cluster states [M. A. Nielsen, Phys. Rev. Lett. (to be published), quant-ph/0402005]. A significant open question is whether such proposals are scalable in the presence of physically realistic noise. In this paper we prove two threshold theorems which show that scalable fault-tolerant quantum computation may be achieved in implementations based on cluster states, provided the noise in the implementations is below some constant threshold value. Our first threshold theorem applies to a class of implementations in which entangling gates are applied deterministically, but with a small amount of noise. We expect this threshold to be applicable in a wide variety of physical systems. Our second threshold theorem is specifically adapted to proposals such as the optical cluster-state proposal, in which nondeterministic entangling gates are used. A critical technical component of our proofs is two powerful theorems which relate the properties of noisy unitary operations restricted to act on a subspace of state space to extensions of those operations acting on the entire state space. We expect these theorems to have a variety of applications in other areas of quantum-information science.
Hypoxia upregulates VEGF expression in alveolar epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo (2002)

We investigated regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression by hypoxia in cultured and freshly isolated rat alveolar epithelial cells (AEC). In vitro, hypoxia increased VEGF mRNA and protein levels, with maximal stimulation at 0% O2 for 18 h. A similar upregulation of VEGF expression was found in alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cells freshly isolated from rats exposed to 8% O2 for 24 h. In vitro, hypoxia-induced upregulation of VEGF mRNA was due to an increase in transcription, rather than an increase in RNA stability, inasmuch as the half-life of VEGF mRNA was unchanged. Upregulation of VEGF mRNA by hypoxia was mimicked by CoCl2 and desferrioxamine in normoxic AEC and was not prevented by inhibitors of reactive oxygen species, suggesting that hypoxic VEGF regulation involved an O2-dependent protein that requires ferrous ions but is independent of reactive oxygen species generation. In polarized ATII cells, VEGF protein was secreted at the apical and basolateral sides. Similarly, in rats, VEGF was secreted in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Hypoxia induced a twofold increase in VEGF protein at the apical side of ATII cells in culture and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. These findings suggest that release of VEGF synthesized by AEC may target not only endothelial cells but also other alveolar cells, including macrophages and epithelial cells.
Imaging modalities in x-ray computerized tomography and in selected volume tomography (1999)

This review of different principles used in x-ray computerized tomography (CT) starts with attenuation (transmission) CT. The pros and cons of different geometrical solutions, single-ray, fan-beam and cone-beam, are discussed. Attenuation CT measures the spatial distribution of the linear attenuation coefficient, mu. The contributions of different interaction processes to mu have also been used for CT. Fluorescence CT is based on measurements of the contribution, cZtauZ/rho, from an element Z with concentration cZ, to the linear attenuation coefficient. Diffraction CT measures the differential coherent cross section d sigma (theta)(coh)/d omega, Compton CT the incoherent scatter cross section sigma. The usefulness of these modalities is illustrated. CT methods based on secondary photons have a competitor in selected volume tomography. These two tomography methods are compared. A proposal to perform Compton profile tomography is also discussed, as is the promising method of phase-contrast x-ray CT.
The Toxinology of Sea Snake Venoms (1998)

AbstractSea snakes are widely distributed in the warmer regions of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Their venoms are much higher toxic than those of terrestrial snakes. The main lethal factor is postsynaptic neurotoxins which are small basic proteins consisting of 60 - 74 amino acid residues. They bind almost irreversibly to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and block the neuromuscular junction. Besides neurotoxins, myotoxic phospholipases A2 are present in the venoms of some species of sea snakes. In the sea snake envenomation, the causes of death are respiratory failure which occures when the respiratory muscles are affected, or the acute renal failure as Soc. iated with myoglobinuria caused by myotoxic effects.