gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The replication initiator protein of a geminivirus interacts with host monoubiquitination machinery and stimulates transcription of the viral genome (2017)

Geminiviruses constitute a group of plant viruses, with a ssDNA genome, whose replication in the nucleus of an infected cell requires the function of geminivirus-encoded replication initiator protein (Rep). Our results suggest that monoubiquitinated histone 2B (H2B-ub) promotes tri-methylation of histone 3 at lysine 4 (H3-K4me3) on the promoter of Chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV). We isolated homologues of two major components of the monoubiquitination machinery: UBIQUITIN-CONJUGATING ENZYME2 (NbUBC2) and HISTONE MONOUBIQUITINATION1 (NbHUB1) from N. benthamiana. ChiLCV failed to cause disease in NbUBC2-, and NbHUB1-silenced plants, at the same time, H2B-ub and H3-K4me3 modifications were decreased, and the occupancy of RNA polymerase II on the viral promoter was reduced as well. In further investigations, Rep protein of ChiLCV was found to re-localize NbUBC2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleoplasm, like NbHUB1, the cognate partner of NbUBC2. Rep was observed to interact and co-localize with NbHUB1 and NbUBC2 in the nuclei of the infected cells. In summary, the current study reveals that the ChiLCV Rep protein binds the viral genome and interacts with NbUBC2 and NbHUB1 for the monoubiquitination of histone 2B that subsequently promotes trimethylation of histone 3 at lysine 4 on ChiLCV mini-chromosomes and enhances transcription of the viral genes.
Wireless Network Intrusion Detection Based on Improved Convolutional Neural Network (2019)

The diversification of wireless network traffic attack characteristics has led to the problems what traditional intrusion detection technology with high false positive rate, low detection efficiency, and poor generalization ability. In order to enhance the security and improve the detection ability of malicious intrusion behavior in a wireless network, this paper proposes a wireless network intrusion detection method based on improved convolutional neural network (ICNN). First, the network traffic data is characterized and preprocessed, then modeled the network intrusion traffic data by ICNN. The low-level intrusion traffic data is abstractly represented as advanced features by CNN, which extracted autonomously the sample features, and optimizing network parameters by stochastic gradient descent algorithm to converge the model. Finally, we conducted a sample test to detect the intrusion behavior of the network. The simulation results show that the method proposed in our paper has higher detection accuracy and true positive rate together with a lower false positive rate. The test results on the test set KDDTest + in our paper show that compared with the traditional models, the detection accuracy is 8.82% and 0.51% higher than that of LeNet-5 and DBN, respectively, and the recall rate is 4.24% and 1.16% higher than that of LeNet-5 and RNN, respectively, while the false positive rate is lower than the other three types of models. It also has a big advantage compared to the IDABCNN and NIDMBCNN methods.
Extending Single-View Scalable Video Coding to Multi-View Based on H.264/AVC (2006)

An extension of single-view scalable video coding to multi-view is presented in this paper. Scalable video coding is recently developed in the Joint Video Team of ISO/IEC MPEG and ITU-T VCEG named Joint Scalable Video Model. The model includes temporal, spatial and quality scalability enhancing a H.264/AVC base layer. To remove redundancy between views a hierarchical decomposition in a similar way to the temporal direction is applied. The codec is based on this technology and supports open-loop as well as closed-loop controlled encoding. The advantage of this approach lies in its compatibility to the state of the art single-view video codec H.264/AVC and its simple decomposition structure. Encoding a base view using H.264/AVC syntax, any standard single-view decoder is able to decode the data. The hierarchical decomposition structure allows efficient access to all views and frames inside a view. This is especially important for video-based-rendering and multi-view displays, which have different requirements. The chosen decomposition structure also supports parallel processing. Gain in objective as well as subjective quality was achieved for some test sequences using a single layer. The results were compared to JSVM 5.1 (simulcast).
Allocating non-real-time and soft real-time jobs in multiclusters (2006)

This paper addresses workload allocation techniques for two types of sequential jobs that might be found in multicluster systems, namely, non-real-time jobs and soft real-time jobs. Two workload allocation strategies, the optimized mean response time (ORT) and the optimized mean miss rate (OMR), are developed by establishing and numerically solving two optimization equation sets. The ORT strategy achieves an optimized mean response time for non-real-time jobs, while the OMR strategy obtains an optimized mean miss rate for soft real-time jobs over multiple clusters. Both strategies take into account average system behaviors (such as the mean arrival rate of jobs) in calculating the workload proportions for individual clusters and the workload allocation is updated dynamically when the change in the mean arrival rate reaches a certain threshold. The effectiveness of both strategies is demonstrated through theoretical analysis. These strategies are also evaluated through extensive experimental studies and the results show that when compared with traditional strategies, the proposed workload allocation schemes significantly improve the performance of job scheduling in multiclusters, both in terms of the mean response time (for non-real-time jobs) and the mean miss rate (for soft real-time jobs).
Condition monitoring and fault diagnostics of wind turbines (2010)

Condition monitoring and fault diagnostics is important for wind turbines to ensure safety and reliability. However, the application in wind turbine is still in initial stage. This paper analyses the frequent faults in wind turbines and determines the sensor configuration of a wind turbine. Architecture of condition monitoring and fault diagnostics system is built to monitor a wind farm. Methodology and algorithms based on vibration, noise and acoustic emission signals have been discussed to diagnose the fault of wind turbines.
Cloning and Expression of a Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase in Centella asiatica (L.) Urban (2005)

A cDNA encoding farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPS; EC2.5.1.1/EC2.5.1.10) was isolated from Centella asiacita (L.) Urban, using degenerate primers based on two highly conserved domains. A full-length cDNA clone was subsequently isolated by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) PCR. The sequence of the CaFPS (C. asiatica farnesyl diphosphate synthase) cDNA contains an open reading frame of 1029 nucleotides encoding 343 amino acids with a molecular mass of 39.6 kDa. The deduced CaFPS amino acid sequence exhibits 84, 79, and 72%, identity to the FPSs of Artemisia annua, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Oryza sativa, respectively. Southern blot analysis suggested that the C. asiatica genome contains only one FPS gene. An artificially expressed soluble form of the CaFPS was identified by SDS-PAGE. It had high specific activity and produced farnesyl diphosphate as the major isoprenoid.
Concerning the radiation-induced surface conductivity in polymers (1984)

All aspects of the radiation-induced surface conductivity in polymers are discussed with specific emphasis on the role of the bulk processes during these measurements and possible side effects connected with low-energy secondary electrons. It is proved experimentally (single 0.3 ms pulses of 65 keV electrons in vacuum) that the conventional scheme of surface conductivity measurements is especially sensitive to secondary electrons and, in fact, is fully controlled by secondary emission. A four-probe technique proposed in this work totally eliminates both these factors (bulk contribution as well as secondary emission). Conformal mapping is used to predict the electric field distribution in this geometry and, in particular, across the gap between the source and drain electrodes. Alle Aspekte der strahlungsinduzierten Oberflächenleitfähigkeit in Polymeren werden unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Rolle der Volumenprozesse während dieser Messungen und möglichen mit niederenergetischen Sekundärelektronen verknüpften Nebeneffekten diskutiert. Es wird experimentell geprüft (Einzelimpulse (0,3 ms) von 65 keV-Elektronen im Vakuum), daß die konventionelle Methode der Oberflächenleitfähigkeitsmessungen besonders empfindlich gegenüber Sekundäreelektronen ist und tatsächlich vollständig von der Sekundäremission gesteuert wird. Eine Vierspitzenmethode, die vorgeschlagen wird, eleminiert diese beiden Faktoren vollständig (Volumenbeitrag und Sekundärelektronenemission). Konforme Abbildung wird benutzt, um die elektrische Feldverteilung in dieser Geometrie und speziell innerhalb des Bereichs der Quellen- und Senkenelektrode vorherzusagen.
[Role of Escherichia coli molecular chaperones in the protection of bacterial cells against irreversible aggregation induced by heat shock]. (2005)

All living organisms respond to environmental stresses, such as heat or ethanol by increasing the synthesis of a specific group of proteins termed heat shock proteins (Hsps) or stress proteins. Major Hsps are molecular chaperones and proteases. Molecular chaperones facilitate the proper folding of polypeptides, protect other proteins from inactivation, and reactivate aggregated proteins. Heat shock proteases eliminate proteins irreversibly damaged by stress. This review describes the role of heat shock proteins of the model bacterial cell, E. coli in the protection of other proteins against aggregation and in the mechanism of removal of protein aggregates from the cell. This mechanism remains unclear and it is believed to involve substrate renaturation and proteolysis by molecular chaperones and heat shock proteases. Recently, many studies have been focused on the disaggregation and reactivation of proteins by a bi-chaperone system consisting of DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE and ClpB, an ATPase from the AAA superfamily of proteins.
Masseter muscle bite force in first bicuspid and collapsed occlusion cases. (2012)

The masseter muscle is the primary bite force generator for chewing and swallowing. Masseter muscle strength was recorded on 89 subjects using electromyography. Subject groups were separated into 4-bicuspid extraction cases, collapsed occlusions, and controls. Data was averaged and analyzed. The control group displayed the greatest strength.
Highly transparent and conductive ZnO:Al thin films prepared by vacuum arc plasma evaporation (2004)

A vacuum arc plasma evaporation (VAPE) method using both oxide fragments and gas sources as the source materials is demonstrated to be very effective for the preparation of multicomponent oxide thin films. Highly transparent and conductive Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin films were prepared by the VAPE method using a ZnO fragment target and a gas source Al dopant, aluminum acethylacetonate (Al(C5H7O2)3) contained in a stainless steel vessel. The Al content in the AZO films was altered by controlling the partial pressure (or flow rate) of the Al dopant gas. High deposition rates as well as uniform distributions of resistivity and thickness on the substrate surface were obtained on large area glass substrates. A low resistivity on the order of 10−4 Ω cm and an average transmittance above 80% in the visible range were obtained in AZO thin films deposited on glass substrates.
Model-based analysis of non-specific binding for background correction of high-density oligonucleotide microarrays (2008)

The software is implemented in the R language and can be downloaded from our website (http://www-shimizu.ist.osaka-u.ac.jp/shimizu_lab/MSNS/).
Common Anorectal Conditions (2001)

Patients with a wide variety of anorectal lesions present to family physicians. Most can be successfully managed in the office setting. A high index of suspicion for cancer should be maintained and all patients should be questioned about relevant family history or other indications for cancer screening. Patients with condylomata acuminata must be examined for human papillomavirus infection elsewhere after treatment of the presenting lesions. Their sexual partners should also be counseled and screened. Both surgical and nonsurgical treatments are available for the pain of anal fissure. Infection in the anorectal area may present as different types of abscesses, cryptitis, fistulae or perineal sepsis. Fistulae may result from localized infection or indicate inflammatory bowel disease. Protrusion of tissue through the anus may be due to hemorrhoids, mucosal prolapse, polyps or other lesions.
A Novel Size-Selective Airborne Particle Size Fractionating Instrument for Health Risk Evaluation (2009)

Health risks associated with the inhalation of airborne particles are known to be influenced by particle size. Studies have shown that certain nanoparticles, with diameters <100 nm, have increased toxicity relative to larger particles of the same substance. A reliable, size-resolving sampler able to collect a wide range of particle sizes, including particles with sizes in the nanometre range, would be beneficial in investigating health risks associated with the inhalation of airborne particles. A review of current aerosol samplers used for size-resolved collection of airborne particles highlighted a number of limitations. These could be overcome by combining an inertial deposition impactor with a diffusion collector in a single device. Verified theories of diffusion and inertial deposition suggested an optimal design and operational regime. The instrument was designed for analysing mass distribution functions. Calibration was carried out using a number of recognized techniques. The sampler was tested in the field by collecting sizeresolved samples of lead containing aerosols present at workplaces in factories producing crystal glass. The mass deposited on each screen proved sufficient to be detected and measured by an appropriate analytical technique. Mass concentration distribution functions of lead were produced. The nanofraction of lead in air varied from 10 to 70% by weight of total lead.
Respirator weaning (1974)

“Weaning” a patient from ventilatory assistance ranges from a simple to an extremely complex process. Certain general factors should be optimized before weaning is initiated. Included would be the correction of anemia, low cardiac output, fluid imbalance, arrhythmias, fever, electrolyte abnormalities, infection, and acid-base disturbances. Specific respiratory physiologic parameters should be evaluated. Tests indicative of adequate mechanical capability to allow weaning include: vital capacity greater than 10–15 ml/kg; forced expiratory volume in one second of greater than 10 ml/kg; peak inspiratory pressure of −20 to −30 cm H2O; spontaneous resting minute ventilation less than 10 L/min (which can be doubled with a maximal voluntary ventilation maneuver). Tests indicative of adequate oxygenation capability include: an AaDo2 on 100% oxygen of less than 300–350 torr; a shunt of less than 10–20%; dead space to tidal volume ratio of less than .55 or .6. By following the guidelines reviewed in this discussion of techniques of respirator weaning, the majority of patients can readily be weaned from a respirator without complication.
NEW LIGHT ON WORDSWORTH'S AMERICAN FRIENDS THE POET'S RELATIONS WITH WILLIAM BRADFORD REED (1997)

NEW LIGHT ON WORDSWORTH'S AMERICAN FRIENDS THE POET'S RELATIONS WITH WILLIAM BRADFORD REED Get access ALAN G HILL ALAN G HILL Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of English Studies, Volume XLVIII, Issue 191, August 1997, Pages 332–344, https://doi.org/10.1093/res/XLVIII.191.332 Published: 01 August 1997
Space measurements of the gravitational constant using an artificial binary (1986)

The gravitational constant G can be measured to more than two orders of magnitude higher accuracy in space by finding the orbital period of an artificial binary composed of two self-gravitating objects of known mass and semimajor axis than is possible by traditional laboratory techniques. Such a binary would have to be placed in high Earth orbit, preferably at the Lagrangian L4 or L5 points or higher, to minimize the tidal effect of the Earth. In the absence of the recently proposed fifth force of nature, a definitive measurement of G can be made at modest cost by using a binary composed of low-mass tungsten balls in a near-contact orbit with a semimajor axis of a few centimeters. If the fifth force exists, some modifications of the experiment must be regarded.
The evolution of human influenza viruses (2001)

The evolution of influenza viruses results in (i) recurrent annual epidemics of disease that are caused by progressive antigenic drift of influenza A and B viruses due to the mutability of the RNA genome and (ii) infrequent but severe pandemics caused by the emergence of novel influenza A subtypes to which the population has little immunity. The latter characteristic is a consequence of the wide antigenic diversity and peculiar host range of influenza A viruses and the ability of their segmented RNA genomes to undergo frequent genetic reassortment (recombination) during mixed infections. Contrasting features of the evolution of recently circulating influenza AH1N1, AH3N2 and B viruses include the rapid drift of AH3N2 viruses as a single lineage, the slow replacement of successive antigenic variants of AH1N1 viruses and the co-circulation over some 25 years of antigenically and genetically distinct lineages of influenza B viruses. Constant monitoring of changes in the circulating viruses is important for maintaining the efficacy of influenza vaccines in combating disease.
Adding Value to Power Station Captured CO<sub>2</sub>: Tolerant Zn and Mg Homogeneous Catalysts for Polycarbonate Polyol Production (2015)

Using captured waste carbon dioxide (CCU) as a chemical reagent is an attractive means to add value to carbon capture and storage (CCS) and is a high-priority target for manufacturing. One promising route is to copolymerize carbon dioxide and epoxides, to prepare aliphatic polycarbonates. In this study, three homogeneous dinuclear Zn and Mg catalysts, previously reported by our group (see Kember, M. R.; Knight, P. D.; Reung, P. T. R.; Williams, C. K Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 931-933 and Kember, M. R.; Williams, C. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 15676-15679) have been investigated using captured and contaminated carbon dioxide, with cyclohexene oxide, to produce polymers. Carbon dioxide captured from the carbon capture demonstrator plant at Ferrybridge Power Station, U.K., is applied for the efficient production of poly(cyclohexylene carbonate). Remarkably, the dinuclear Zn and Mg catalysts display nearly equivalent turnover numbers (TON) and turnover frequencies (TOF) using captured CO<sub>2</sub> versus those using purified CO<sub>2</sub>. The tolerance of the catalysts to reactions contaminated with known quantities of exogenous water, nitrogen, SO<sub>2</sub>, amine, and octadecanethiol are reported. The catalyst activities, productivities, and selectivities are presented, together with the polymers number-average molecular weights (M<sub>n</sub>), dispersities ( D), and end-group analyses. The catalysts show high tolerance to protic impurities, including the addition of amine, thiol, and water. In particular, under certain conditions, efficient polymerization can be conducted in the presence of up to 400 equiv of water without compromising catalytic activity/productivity or selectivity. Furthermore, the catalysts can selectively produce polycarbonate polyols with molecular weights in the range of 600-9000 g/mol and disperities <1.10.
Analysis of technology options to reduce the fuel consumption of idling trucks (2000)

Long-haul trucks idling overnight consume more than 838 million gallons (20 million barrels) of fuel annually. Idling also emits pollutants. Truck drivers idle their engines primarily to (1) heat or cool the cab and/or sleeper, (2) keep the fuel warm in winter, and (3) keep the engine warm in the winter so that the engine is easier to start. Alternatives to overnight idling could save much of this fuel, reduce emissions, and cut operating costs. Several fuel-efficient alternatives to idling are available to provide heating and cooling: (1) direct-fired heater for cab/sleeper heating, with or without storage cooling; (2) auxiliary power units; and (3) truck stop electrification. Many of these technologies have drawbacks that limit market acceptance. Options that supply electricity are economically viable for trucks that are idled for 1,000--3,000 or more hours a year, while heater units could be used across the board. Payback times for fleets, which would receive quantity discounts on the prices, would be somewhat shorter.
Resonant switched capacitor stacked topology enabling high DC-DC voltage conversion ratios and efficient wide range regulation (2016)

This paper presents a stacked-topology resonant switched-capacitor (ResSC) dc-dc converter to achieve a high voltage conversion ratio. The topology can be generalized to any N-to-1 dc-dc conversion application with only a single inductor. Multiphase interleaving can be further employed to improve the ripple cancellation and reduce requirement for bypass capacitors. To enable a wide output range while maintaining high efficiency, a phase shift operation is adopted. The regulation is maintained with frequency modulation. The controller is designed with the aid of current phase compensation in addition to voltage mode control. A prototype of a nominal 4-to-1 two phase interleaved resonant switched capacitor converter has been built and tested. The control and regulation of the output voltage are verified through the experiment. Burst mode is further introduced to improve efficiency at the light load condition.
Molecular beam epitaxy growth of InSb films on GaAs (1989)

InSb films have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs substrates. The procedure incorporated a low-temperature (300 °C) growth of a thin (300 Å) InSb interface layer prior to the InSb active layer growth at 380 °C. A beam equivalent pressure ratio of Sb4 to In of 4 led to samples with the highest 77 K Hall mobilities. Hall mobilities in excess of 35 000 cm2 /V s at 77 K and x-ray rocking curve widths less than 250 arcsec are routinely achieved in films 2–5 μm thick. The 77 K Hall electron mobilities are a factor of 4 greater than recently reported results. The x-ray rocking curve widths are also substantially less. Possible explanations for the improved film properties are discussed.
Enhancing the Photovoltage of Polymer Solar Cells by Using a Modified Cathode (2007)

A method to increase the open-circuit voltage (Voc) up to 200 mV and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) by 50%, by using a thin layer of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) to modify the cathode in polymer solar cells, was reported. An enhanced photocurrent of polymer solar cells by bending a small amount of PEO and LiCF3SO3 into the active layer was also demonstrated. The results show that the value of open-circuit voltage increases in all diodes with PEO by 150 to 200 mV while the fill factor (FF) increases with a decrease of the thickness of PEO. The thickness of the PEO layers on Si wafers measured by using ellipsometry shows that the thickness are 3.8 nm for 1000 rmp, 2.1 nm for 3000 rmp, and 1.4 nm for 5000 rmp. The quantitative similarity of the J-V characteristics in the dark between the diodes containing PEO and LiF shows that PEO has an analogous function in the device as LiF.