gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dissolution and scanning electron microscopic studies of Ca,P particle‐containing bioactive glasses (1993)

Calcium phosphate (Ca,P) precipitation behavior on the surface of two bioactive glasses and four bioactive glass composites--two with hydroxylapatite (Ca10(PO4)6 (OH)2) and two with rhenanite (CaNaPO4)--were studied in simulated body fluid (SBF) and in Tris-Buffer at 5, 8, 16, 24, 48, 72, and 144 h. The weight loss of the materials was measured and the amount of precipitation was estimated using scanning electron microscopy with electrochemical detection (SEM-EDX) analysis. The test was repeated for one glass and its respective rhenanite composite every 3 h until 60 h and thereafter every 10 h until 150 h in SBF. Atomic absorption spectroscopy, spectrophotometry, SEM-EDX analysis, and pH measurements were performed on these samples. It is shown that in vitro the composite materials have a higher capacity for Ca,P precipitation than the glasses. Weight losses of the materials correlate well with their composition. Both the glass and Ca,P phases influence the precipitation mechanism and rate. Precipitation begins preferably from the glass phase. Ca,P particles clearly influence the time of onset and rate of precipitation. Cross-sectional EDX analysis of the samples revealed an absence of a clear Si-rich layer in glass A0B0 (SiO2 53.9 mol %, Na2O 27.5, CaO 12.4, P2O5 6.2, Al2O3 0.0 and B2O3 0.0) composites. This was attributed to the presence of extra calcium and phosphate ions on the surface of the material. The ion-concentration and pH change curves offered insight into the mechanism of precipitation. A connection was established between SEM-EDX results and the release curves. Formation of an Si,Ca,Na film was observed that seemed to initiate the Ca,P precipitation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Intravenous indomethacin and changes of renal function in premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus. (1984)

Selected parameters of renal function were studied in premature infants with a significant patent ductus arteriosus who were treated with intravenous indomethacin according to a specific protocol. Urine volume, glomerular filtration rate, urine sodium, and the fractional excretion of sodium were analyzed in 17; osmolar, sodium, and free water clearances in 8; and indomethacin pharmacokinetics in 7 premature infants. All renal function parameters analyzed decreased during indomethacin therapy: urine volume and glomerular filtration rate returned to normal, while urine sodium, fractional excretion of sodium, and the osmolar, sodium, and free water clearances remained low 24 hours after cessation of therapy. The water retention, shown by the reduced free water clearance, had no apparent deleterious effects, probably because of the infants' low fluid intake. Indomethacin pharmacokinetic parameters (clearance, area under the curve) may account in part for the variability of the fractional excretion of sodium, glomerular filtration, and urine flow rate.
Ice Nucleation Inhibition (2003)

The effect of antifreeze protein type III (one type of fish antifreeze protein) on ice crystallization was examined quantitatively based on a "micro-sized ice nucleation" technique. It was found for the first time that antifreeze proteins can inhibit the ice nucleation process by adsorbing onto both the surfaces of ice nuclei and dust particles. This leads to an increase of the ice nucleation barrier and the desolvation kink kinetics barrier, respectively. Based on the latest nucleation model, the increases in the ice nucleation barrier and the kink kinetics barrier were measured. This enables us to quantitatively examine the antifreeze mechanism of antifreeze proteins for the first time.
A fully automated synthesis for the preparation of 68Ga-labelled peptides (2007)

The system described allows the fully automated, efficient and rapid preparation of Ga-DOTA-derivatized peptides. It has been used successfully and reliably for routine preparations in clinical studies.
GC–MS libraries for the rapid identification of metabolites in complex biological samples (2005)

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry based metabolite profiling of biological samples is rapidly becoming one of the cornerstones of functional genomics and systems biology. Thus, the technology needs to be available to many laboratories and open exchange of information is required such as those achieved for transcript and protein data. The key-step in metabolite profiling is the unambiguous identification of metabolites in highly complex metabolite preparations with composite structure. Collections of mass spectra, which comprise frequently observed identified and non-identified metabolites, represent the most effective means to pool the identification efforts currently performed in many laboratories around the world. Here, we describe a platform for mass spectral and retention time index libraries that will enable this process (MSRI; www.csbdb.mpimp-golm.mpg.de/gmd.html). This resource should ameliorate many of the problems that each laboratory will face both for the initial establishment of metabolome analysis and for its maintenance at a constant sample throughput.
C‐terminal sequencing method for proteins in polyacrylamide gel by the reaction of acetic anhydride (2006)

Abstract A successive C‐terminal amino acid truncation reaction with acetic anhydride was applied on proteins in polyacrylamide gel. Protein bands separated by conventional SDS‐PAGE were excised, partially fixed in the gel with glutaraldehyde ethanol solution, dehydrated with ACN and subjected to the truncation reaction with acetic anhydride formamide solution. Pre‐treatment of the gel with pyridine aqueous solution was found to enhance the truncation reaction yields. After the truncation reaction, the products were treated with an aqueous solution of dimethylaminoethanol to hydrolyze oxazolone rings at the C termini of the truncated products and O ‐acetylated products of serine, threonine and/or tyrosine. Several commercially available proteins of 10–40 kDa, as determined by SDS‐PAGE, such as myoglobin, trypsin inhibitor, α‐hemolysin, cytochrome c , chymotrypsin C chain, elastase, acylase and histone H4, were subjected to the C‐terminal analysis. The truncated proteins were in‐gel digested with trypsin and the extracted peptides were analyzed by MALDI‐TOF MS, giving rise to a series of molecular mass ions of the C‐terminal truncated fragments corresponding to the C‐terminal amino acid sequence of the relevant protein.
Efficient CABAC Rate Estimation for H.264/AVC Mode Decision (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In H.264/AVC coders, the optimal mode decision for each coding unit is achieved based on a calculation of the rate-distortion (R-D) cost for each candidate mode. In this letter, we propose a context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC)-based rate estimation scheme that reduces the computational complexity of the R-D cost function evaluation. The complex and time-consuming calculation of the arithmetic coding is replaced by a table lookup based on the proposed CABAC rate model for fast rate estimation. The context modeling part of CABAC is also simplified to accelerate the rate estimation process. The experimental results show that the proposed estimator follows the actual rate with the coefficient of determination <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$R^2 = 0.9997$</tex></formula>. The proposed estimator yields about a 30% reduction in the computational complexity of the R-D optimized mode decision, thereby accelerating the entire encoder by about 17% to 25% with almost no degradation in the R-D performance. </para>
A Wide Band Injection Locked Frequency Divider With Variable Inductor Load (2007)

This letter proposes a new wide band CMOS injection locked frequency divider (ILFD). The circuit is made of a two-stage differential CMOS ring oscillator and is based on MOS switches directly coupled to the differential outputs of the ring oscillator. A tuning circuit composed of inductors in series with a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor is used to extend the locking range. The divide-by-two ILFD can provide wide locking range and the measured results show that at the supply voltage of 1.8 V, the free-running frequency of the ILFD is operating from 0.92 to 3.6 GHz while the Vtune is tuned from 0 to 1.8 V. At the incident power of 0 dBm, this ILFD has a wide locking range from 1.15 to 7.4 GHz
The Emerging Protumor Role of γδ T Lymphocytes: Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy (2015)

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are key mediators of tumor immune surveillance and are important prognostic indicators in cancer progression. Among the various lymphocyte subsets implicated in protection against cancer are γδ T lymphocytes, which can kill tumor cells and secrete potent antitumor cytokines. By contrast, recent reports have revealed an unexpected series of protumor functions of γδ T cells in mouse models and human patients. In particular, specific γδ T-cell subsets are capable of recruiting immunosuppressive myeloid populations, inhibiting antitumor responses, and enhancing angiogenesis, thus promoting cancer progression. A common mediator of such functions appears to be the cytokine IL17, whose pathogenic effects can override the antitumor immune response orchestrated by IFNγ. Here, we review these studies and discuss their implications for the manipulation of γδ T cells in cancer immunotherapy.
Legal Issues Surrounding Monitoring During Network Research (Invited Paper) (2007)

This work was motivated by a discussion that two of the coauthors (computer science professors) had with the other coauthor (a law professor and a former computer crime Trial Attorney at the U.S. Department of Justice), in which it was pointed out that some of the network measurements that the computer scientists were thinking of making might potentially violate Federal laws. Several Federal laws prohibit or restrict network monitoring and the sharing of records of network activity. These laws are designed to protect online privacy. They apply both to private parties and government agents, although the details vary depending on who is doing the monitoring. The most important thing to note is that none of these laws contain any specific exceptions or safe harbors for scientific or academic research. The laws are complex, but they follow a basic pattern. First, certain types of network monitoring and data access are prohibited. People who violate the prohibitions may be sued by the people whose privacy they invade and potentially prosecuted and convicted of federal crimes (i.e., misdemeanor and felony convictions). In this paper, we will examine these laws and consider what they might mean for the network measurement community. Although we focus on U.S. Federal Law, we also highlight general trends and approaches in state and international laws that impact network researchers. We will examine the steps commonly taken in prior research in network measurement to respect user privacy, and we will compare those approaches to the evolving legal rules. We will also consider whether legislative reform is needed, describe steps that researchers might take when pursuing such work in light of the legal rules, and propose future technical and policy-related steps the community can take to focus more attention on user privacy.
Brucella ribosomal protein L7/L12 is a major component in the antigenicity of brucellin INRA for delayed-type hypersensitivity in brucella-sensitized guinea pigs (1994)

A delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction in the course of brucellosis in humans and animals can be revealed by the brucellin INRA (Brucellergen) skin test. Brucellergen is composed of more than 20 proteins of different molecular weights. A 12-kDa protein eliciting DTH in Brucella melitensis Rev1-sensitized guinea pigs was found to be a significant component for the allergenic properties of Brucellergen. Sequencing of the gene encoding this protein identified it as the L7/L12 ribosomal protein. The L7/L12 gene of B. melitensis was amplified by PCR and subcloned in the Escherichia coli pQE30 plasmid. The resulting recombinant protein did not produce a DTH reaction in sensitized animals. It was used to raise specific antibodies in a rabbit. Affinity chromatography with these antibodies was used to isolate a single protein from Brucellergen and from B. melitensis cytosol preparations which produced a DTH reaction in guinea pigs sensitized with B. melitensis Rev1. N-terminal amino acid sequencing of the protein confirmed that it was the L7/L12 ribosomal protein. This is the first complete report on the involvement of a defined bacterial ribosomal protein in the DTH response of animals infected with intracellularly multiplying bacteria.
On the semantics for spreadsheets with sheet-defined functions (2020)

We give an operational semantics for the evaluation of spreadsheets, including sheet-defined and built-in numeric functions in the Funcalc spreadsheet platform. The semantics allows for different implementations and we discuss sheet-defined functions implemented using both interpretation and run-time code generation. The semantics specifies the expected result of a computation, also considering non-deterministic functions, independently of an evaluation mechanism. It can be extended to include the cost of formula evaluation for a cost analysis e.g. for use in parallelization of computations. An interesting future direction is to investigate experimentally how close our semantics is to that of major spreadsheet implementations.
Roles of Reproductive Corticotropin‐Releasing Hormone (2003)

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), the principal regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, as well as its receptors, have been identified in most female reproductive tissues, including the uterus, placenta, and ovary. Endometrial CRH may participate in decidualization, implantation, and early maternal tolerance; placental CRH may participate in the physiology of pregnancy and the onset of parturition, and ovarian CRH may participate in follicular maturation, ovulation, and luteolysis. The hypercortisolism of the latter half of pregnancy can be explained by increased levels of placental CRH in plasma. This hypercortisolism is followed by a transient suppression of hypothalamic CRH secretion in the postpartum period, which may explain the blues or depression and autoimmune phenomena frequently observed during this period.
SAXS analysis of single- and multi-core iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (2017)

This article reports on the characterization of four superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles stabilized with dimercaptosuccinic acid, which are suitable candidates for reference materials for magnetic properties. Particles p<sub>1</sub> and p<sub>2</sub> are single-core particles, while p<sub>3</sub> and p<sub>4</sub> are multi-core particles. Small-angle X-ray scattering analysis reveals a lognormal type of size distribution for the iron oxide cores of the particles. Their mean radii are 6.9 nm (p<sub>1</sub>), 10.6 nm (p<sub>2</sub>), 5.5 nm (p<sub>3</sub>) and 4.1 nm (p<sub>4</sub>), with narrow relative distribution widths of 0.08, 0.13, 0.08 and 0.12. The cores are arranged as a clustered network in the form of dense mass fractals with a fractal dimension of 2.9 in the multi-core particles p<sub>3</sub> and p<sub>4</sub>, but the cores are well separated from each other by a protecting organic shell. The radii of gyration of the mass fractals are 48 and 44 nm, and each network contains 117 and 186 primary particles, respectively. The radius distributions of the primary particle were confirmed with transmission electron microscopy. All particles contain purely maghemite, as shown by X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy.
Positive Control of Enzyme Synthesis by Gene C in the <scp>l</scp> -Arabinose System (1965)

Englesberg, Ellis (University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa.), Joseph Irr, Joseph Power, and Nancy Lee . Positive control of enzyme synthesis by gene C in the l -arabinose system. J. Bacteriol 90: 946–957. 1965.—The l -arabinose gene complex consists of genes D, A, B, and C, linked in that order between the markers thr and leu , and an unlinked gene E. Genes D, A, B, and E are the structural genes for three inducible enzymes and permease, respectively. Gene C, with two mutant alleles, C − and C c , is the regulatory gene exhibiting positive and negative control. C − mutants are deficient and C c mutants are constitutive for all three enzymes and permease. Complementation analysis, employing sexual merozygotes (A − C + × A + C − ), with six different C − mutants, demonstrates that C − is recessive to C + (positive control). A total of 61 C c mutants, isolated as clones resistant to d -fucose inhibition, are linked to the leu ara region of the chromosome, and the 22 C c mutants that were analyzed in detail mapped within the C gene among the C − mutant sites. C c mutants produce various but coordinate levels of the two enzymes measured, and permease. Complementation analysis (A − C c × A + C − , A − C c × A + C + ) shows that C c is dominant to C − (positive control) and recessive to C + (negative control). Deletion mutants that extend into the C gene are l -arabinose permease-negative, thus supporting the positive regulatory role of the C gene. The name “activator gene” is proposed for genes of the C type to accentuate their positive role in gene expression. A working model consistent with these results is presented.
Traffic grooming for survivable WDM networks-shared protection (2003)

We investigate the survivable traffic-grooming problem for optical mesh networks employing wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM). In the dynamic provisioning context, a typical connection request may require bandwidth less than that of a wavelength channel, and it may also require protection from network failures, typically fiber cuts. Based on a generic grooming-node architecture, we propose three approaches for grooming a connection request with shared protection: protection-at-lightpath level (PAL); mixed protection-at-connection level (MPAC); separate protection-at-connection level (SPAC). In shared-mesh protection, backup paths can share resources as long as their corresponding working paths are unlikely to fail simultaneously. These three schemes explore different ways of backup sharing, and they trade-off between wavelengths and grooming ports. Since the existing version of the problem for provisioning one connection request with shared protection is NP-complete, we propose effective heuristics. Under today's typical connection-bandwidth distribution where lower bandwidth connections outnumber higher bandwidth connections, we find the following: 1) it is beneficial to groom working paths and backup paths separately, as in PAL and SPAC; 2) separately protecting each individual connection, i.e., SPAC, yields the best performance when the number of grooming ports is sufficient; 3) protecting each specific lightpath, i.e., PAL, achieves the best performance when the number of grooming ports is moderate or small.
Lentivector-mediated RNAi efficiently suppresses prion protein and prolongs survival of scrapie-infected mice (2006)

Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the accumulation of PrP(Sc), the infectious and protease-resistant form of the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)). We generated lentivectors expressing PrP(C)-specific short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) that efficiently silenced expression of the prion protein gene (Prnp) in primary neuronal cells. Treatment of scrapie-infected neuronal cells with these lentivectors resulted in an efficient and stable suppression of PrP(Sc) accumulation. After intracranial injection, lentiviral shRNA reduced PrP(C) expression in transgenic mice carrying multiple copies of Prnp. To test the therapeutic potential of lentiviral shRNA, we used what we believe to be a novel approach in which the clinical situation was mimicked. We generated chimeric mice derived from lentivector-transduced embryonic stem cells. Depending on the degree of chimerism, these animals carried the lentiviral shRNAs in a certain percentage of brain cells and expressed reduced levels of PrP(C). Importantly, in highly chimeric mice, survival after scrapie infection was significantly extended. Taken together, these data suggest that lentivector-mediated RNA interference could be an approach for the treatment of prion disease.
Histologic and Ultrastructural Findings in Human Corneas After Successful Laser In Situ Keratomileusis (2002)

These findings show that changes caused by wound repair that are present at 3 months are minor 20 months after LASIK.
Transcriptional Regulator of Oxidative Stress-Inducible Genes: Direct Activation by Oxidation (1990)

The oxyR gene positively regulates genes induced by oxidative stress in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. Purification of the OxyR protein showed that oxidized but not reduced OxyR activates transcription of oxidative stress-inducible genes in vitro. Conversion between the two forms of OxyR is rapid and reversible. Both the oxidized and the reduced forms of the OxyR protein are capable of binding to three diverse sequences upstream of OxyR-regulated promoters, but the interactions of the two forms of OxyR with the promoter regions are different. The results suggest that direct oxidation of the OxyR protein brings about a conformational change by which OxyR transduces an oxidative stress signal to RNA polymerase.
DEPENDENCE OF SPRAYING PERFORMANCE ON THE INTERNAL FLOW PATTERN IN EFFERVESCENT ATOMIZERS (2001)

The effect of the flow patterns inside the mixing chamber on the atomization performance of largeorifice (> 1.2 mm) effervescent atomizers for the low injection pressure range (< 4 bar) was examined experimentally. The transparent mixing chamber has a rectangular cross section (8 mm × 2 mm). The parameters tested were the air/liquid ratio (ALR), injection pressure, and the nozzle orifice diameter. Three different flow regimes were observed: bubbly, annular, and intermittent flows. In the bubbly flow regime, the discharged air/liquid mixture disintegrates into drops through the processes of bubble expansion and ligament breakup. On the other hand, in the annular flow regime, the liquid annulus disintegrates into fine drops by aerodynamic interaction due to high relative velocity between the core gas and the liquid film. In the intermittent flow regime, the bubble expansion/ligament disintegration and the annulus disintegration modes appear alternately. Transition criteria between the two-phase flow patterns within the mixing chamber are proposed based on the drift flux model. Finally, a drop size correlation encompassing all those flow regimes is proposed.
Anticancer Chemosensitization and Radiosensitization by the Novel Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 Inhibitor AG14361 (2004)

AG14361 is, to our knowledge, the first high-potency PARP-1 inhibitor with the specificity and in vivo activity to enhance chemotherapy and radiation therapy of human cancer.
Prospective Study of the Frequency and Size Distribution of Polyps Missed by Colonoscopy (1990)

An important determinant in interpreting the results of colorectal polyp chemoprevention trials is the rate of polyps missed during colonscopic examination. We prospectively examined 90 patients by tandem colonoscopy performed by two alternating examiners. In 69 (76.7%) patients, 221 neoplastic lesions were documented histologically. Of a total of 58 lesions detected in 31 patients, no neoplastic lesion greater than or equal to 10 mm in size was missed; 16% of diminutive (less than or equal to 5 mm) neoplastic polyps and 12.3% of medium-sized (6-9 mm) neoplastic polyps were missed by the first examiner. We conclude that an experienced colonoscopist will miss about 15% of colorectal neoplastic polyps less than 10 mm in size in the setting of adequate bowel preparation. Large (greater than or equal to 10 mm) polyps were rarely missed, however, with the "miss" rate in our study equal to 0, with a 95% confidence limit of 4.64%.