gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetite/Polymer Composite Particles Prepared by Molecular Assembling Followed by In‐Situ Magnetite Formation (2006)

Abstract Magnetic nano‐particles composed of superparamagnetic iron oxide in the core and hydrophilic polymer in the shell were prepared for the use of MRI contrast agents. Ferric and ferrous ions were added to an aqueous solution of block copolymer, poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(glycelol methacrylate‐co‐acrylic acid), which was prepared by living radical polymerization using iniferter. After iron ions‐polymer complex formation, the pH of the solution was raised to 11 to get magnetite nanoparticles which were encapsulated with polymer. Use of the polymer having the molecular weight of ca. 10,000 and the 100 × AAc/GLM of 1–10 and incubation of the mixture of iron ions and water‐soluble polymers at a moderate temperature resulted in the formation of favorable composite particles of 10–20 nm in diameter. The saturation magnetization and other instrumental analysis of composite particles suggested that the iron oxide formed in the above‐mentioned procedure was magnetite.
Does optical burst switching have a role in the core network (2006)

Optical Fiber Communication Conference and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference (OFC/NFOEC)
Derivation and validation of QRISK, a new cardiovascular disease risk score for the United Kingdom: prospective open cohort study (2007)

QRISK performed at least as well as the Framingham model for discrimination and was better calibrated to the UK population than either the Framingham model or ASSIGN. QRISK is likely to provide more appropriate risk estimates to help identify high risk patients on the basis of age, sex, and social deprivation. It is therefore likely to be a more equitable tool to inform management decisions and help ensure treatments are directed towards those most likely to benefit. It includes additional variables which improve risk estimates for patients with a positive family history or those on antihypertensive treatment. However, since the validation was performed in a similar population to the population from which the algorithm was derived, it potentially has a "home advantage." Further validation in other populations is therefore required.
Chemoselectivity and stereoselectivity of cyclisation of α-diazocarbonyls leading to oxygen and sulfur heterocycles catalysed by chiral rhodium and copper catalysts (1995)

Good levels of enantioselectivity have been achieved in intramolecular C–H insertion reactions of α-diazocarbonyl compounds leading to six-membered oxygen heterocycles (chromanones) through the use of chiral rhodium(II) carboxylates as catalysts. Competition between C–H insertion and sigmatropic rearrangement, the latter leading to five-membered oxygen heterocycles (furanones), was observed with precursors containing a proximal O-allyl side chain. Whereas rhodium carboxylates produced C-H insertion products predominantly, a copper catalyst produced sigmatropic rearrangement products exclusively. A precursor with an S-allyl side chain exhibited cyclisation via sigmatropic rearrangement with both copper and rhodium catalysts.
The Influence of Bacteriophage on Streptococcus pyogenes (1955)

SUMMARY:By the selective action of certain bacteriophages on cultures of susceptible streptococci it is possible to alter or enhance certain of their characteristics. The extractable M antigen may be greatly increased; non-mucoid strains may become completely mucoid with or without the increase in M antigen. Some phage-selected cultures have shown a marked increase in mouse virulence and some an ability to survive in normal human blood not possessed by the parent strain.
Polarization dependent distortion in AM-SCM video transmission systems (1994)

The second-order intermodulation distortion product, namely composite second-order (CSO) distortion, of an AM-SCM video transmission system can be caused by the optical isolators, cascaded fiber amplifiers, or the fiber transmission cable employed. Moreover, the absolute distortion value depends on the polarization angle of light input to the optical isolators, cascaded fiber amplifiers, and fiber transmission line. The degraded distortion values are measured and their mechanisms are clarified.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A system for genetic analysis in gene lamB: first results with lambda-resistant tight mutants. (1982)

We describe a system for genetic analysis in gene lamb. It consists of a phage which allows mapping, complementation and sequencing studies of lamB mutations and of the sequence of gene lamB. We present results obtained with this system for a set of mutations conferring tight resistant to phage lambda. This leads to a first identification of three residues in the LamB protein which are important for adsorption of phage lambda h+. Residues 151 and 382 are important for reversible adsorption while residues 401 is important for irreversible adsorption. We briefly review other tight mutations affecting gene lamB and discuss some implications of the results on phage receptor interactions, LamB-protein structure and membrane insertion.
Surface Relief Grating Formation Using a Novel Azobenzene-based Photochromic Amorphous Molecular Material, Tris[4-(phenylazo)phenyl]amine (2005)

ABSTRACT A novel azobenzene-based photochromic amorphous molecular material, tris[4-(phenylazo)phenyl]amine (TPAPA), was designed and synthesized. TPAPA was found to readily form an amorphous glass with a glass-transition temperature of 67°C and to exhibit photochromism as amorphous film. Irradiation of amorphous film of TPAPA with two coherent Ar+ laser beams led to the formation of surface relief grating with a diffraction efficiency of 2 ≈ 3% and a modulation depth of ca. 100 nm.
Investigations on hydrogen contamination of superconducting cavities (2002)

All 16 cavities of the energy upgrading program for the HERA storage ring showed increased losses on the second or any successive cool down in contrast to superior values on the first cool down. The authors attributed this deterioration to hydrogen, which contaminates the niobium during chemical polishing. The low oxygen content of the new niobium material, which has a residual resistance ratio (RRR)=300, allows the hydrogen to diffuse to the surface and to produce NbH precipitation at low temperatures. The hydrogen degassing process at 800 degrees C cannot be applied to these cavities because of the complex construction. The authors investigated chemical polishing methods with respect to hydrogen contamination and tried to find a hydrogen cleaning procedure at room temperature.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Absorption of Microwaves by Gases (1946)

The absorption by ammonia of electromagnetic waves having a length in the one-centimeter range has been known for some years. An investigation has been made to determine whether other gases show similar absorption for microwaves and as a result fourteen additional gases have been found whose absorption is comparable to that of ammonia. Among these gases are dimethyl ether, a variety of amines and alkyl halides, and several others. Measurements on the absorption coefficient and dielectric constant of these gases taken at 1.25 cm at room temperature and a pressure of one atmosphere are given. The frequency at which the absorption coefficient attains its maximum value may be inferred from the curve: absorption coefficient vs. pressure. Data on the absorption of several gas mixtures are given. Possible molecular mechanisms adequate to account for the large absorptions observed are discussed together with the conclusions reached.
Egg production in the salmon louse [<i>Lepeophtheirus salmonis</i> (Krøyer)] in relation to origin and water temperature (2000)

Egg strings of salmon lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer 1837), collected from farmed and wild Atlantic salmon had similar length and number of eggs string−1. Egg production was investigated at water temperatures from 7.1 °C to 12.2 °C. A regression model indicated that at low temperatures egg strings were longer and had more eggs. Mean length of single eggs was significantly smaller and the percentage of non-viable eggs in the strings was higher at 7.1 °C than at 12.2 °C. Adult females survived for up to 191 days at 7.2 °C, and during this period 11 pairs of egg strings were produced.
Multi-User Computation Partitioning for Latency Sensitive Mobile Cloud Applications (2014)

Elastic partitioning of computations between mobile devices and cloud is an important and challenging research topic for mobile cloud computing. Existing works focus on the single-user computation partitioning, which aims to optimize the application completion time for one particular single user. These works assume that the cloud always has enough resources to execute the computations immediately when they are offloaded to the cloud. However, this assumption does not hold for large scale mobile cloud applications. In these applications, due to the competition for cloud resources among a large number of users, the offloaded computations may be executed with certain scheduling delay on the cloud. Single user partitioning that does not take into account the scheduling delay on the cloud may yield significant performance degradation. In this paper, we study, for the first time, multi-user computation partitioning problem (MCPP), which considers the partitioning of multiple users’ computations together with the scheduling of offloaded computations on the cloud resources. Instead of pursuing the minimum application completion time for every single user, we aim to achieve minimum average completion time for all the users, based on the number of provisioned resources on the cloud. We show that MCPP is different from and more difficult than the classical job scheduling problems. We design an offline heuristic algorithm, namely <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SearchAdjust</i> , to solve MCPP. We demonstrate through benchmarks that <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SearchAdjust</i> outperforms both the single user partitioning approaches and classical job scheduling approaches by 10 percent on average in terms of application delay. Based on <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SearchAdjust</i> , we also design an online algorithm for MCPP that can be easily deployed in practical systems. We validate the effectiveness of our online algorithm using real world load traces.
UV‐B radiation causes early ripening and reduction in size of fruits in two lines of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) (1999)

Summary An open‐air experiment was performed in Pistoia (Italy) to investigate the possible protective role played by different contents of UV‐B absorbing compounds to realistic UV‐B supplementation and to study its effect on plant fruit production. A mutant line and its normal counterpart of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, which differ in the content of UV‐B absorbing compounds, were used. Additional UV‐B radiation in the field was supplied to simulate a 20% stratospheric ozone depletion. Two groups of plants were grown: ‘control’, where plants received only natural solar UV‐B radiation, and ‘UV‐B’ treatment, where plants were grown under supplemental UV‐B. The results of the experiment showed that the content of UV‐B absorbing compounds of treated plants did not differ from that of the control in both lines. This indicates that natural sunlight, in Mediterranean areas, is saturating for synthesis of these compounds also in plants with normal content of UV‐B absorbing compounds. Consequently, plants are not able to produce significant additional amounts of them, in response to a realistic UV‐B supplementation, in order to protect the plant from additional UV‐B radiation. No different responses to the UV‐B supplementation were found between the two lines. The most significant UV‐B effect was an earlier reddening of fruits in comparison with the ‘control’ accompanied by a reduction in the size of mature fruits. No significant effects of UV‐B treatment were observed in biomass accumulation, leaf ontogeny, flowering or productivity.
Efficacy and Tolerability of Prostaglandin Analogs (2008)

The findings suggest a greater efficacy of bimatoprost compared with latanoprost and travoprost, although the incidence of hyperemia was lower with the latter 2 agents.
Manufacturing Economics of Plant-Made Biologics: Case Studies in Therapeutic and Industrial Enzymes (2014)

Production of recombinant biologics in plants has received considerable attention as an alternative platform to traditional microbial and animal cell culture. Industrially relevant features of plant systems include proper eukaryotic protein processing, inherent safety due to lack of adventitious agents, more facile scalability, faster production (transient systems), and potentially lower costs. Lower manufacturing cost has been widely claimed as an intuitive feature of the platform by the plant-made biologics community, even though cost information resides within a few private companies and studies accurately documenting such an advantage have been lacking. We present two technoeconomic case studies representing plant-made enzymes for diverse applications: human butyrylcholinesterase produced indoors for use as a medical countermeasure and cellulases produced in the field for the conversion of cellulosic biomass into ethanol as a fuel extender. Production economics were modeled based on results reported with the latest-generation expression technologies on Nicotiana host plants. We evaluated process unit operations and calculated bulk active and per-dose or per-unit costs using SuperPro Designer modeling software. Our analyses indicate that substantial cost advantages over alternative platforms can be achieved with plant systems, but these advantages are molecule/product-specific and depend on the relative cost-efficiencies of alternative sources of the same product.
Angiogenesis Is Enhanced in Ischemic Canine Myocardium by Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization (1998)

In this canine model of chronic ischemia, TMLR significantly enhances angiogenesis as evidenced by the increased number of vessels lined with smooth muscle cells, markedly increased vascular proliferation and increased blood flow capacity during stress.
A computationally efficient noise estimation algorithm for speech enhancement (2005)

We introduce a computationally efficient noise estimation algorithm for speech enhancement. The algorithm estimates the background noise during the pauses of the speech signal. However, unlike conventional voice activity detectors, the computational complexity and hardware requirement of the proposed algorithm are very low. In this algorithm, the ratio between the total energy and zero crossing rate over a block of data is used to detect the pauses. The pauses are detected after noise reduction and hence the performance is improved.
In Vitro Recognition of Specific DNA Targets by AlcR, a Zinc Binuclear Cluster Activator Different from the Other Proteins of This Class (1997)

AlcR is the transactivator mediating transcriptional induction of the alc gene cluster in Aspergillus nidulans. The AlcR DNA-binding domain consists of a zinc binuclear cluster different from the other members of the Zn2Cys6 family by several features. In particular, it is able to bind to symmetric and asymmetric sites with the same affinity, with both sites being functional in A. nidulans. Here, we show that unlike the other proteins of the Zn2Cys6 binuclear cluster family, AlcR binds most probably as a monomer to its cognate targets. Two molecules of the AlcR protein can simultaneously bind in a noncooperative manner to inverted repeats. The consensus core has been determined precisely (5'-CCGCN-3'), and the AlcR-binding site in the aldA promoter has been localized. The sequence downstream of the zinc cluster is necessary for high affinity binding. Furthermore, our data show that the use of the carrier protein glutathione S-transferase in AlcR binding experiments introduces an important bias in the recognition of DNA sites due to its tertiary dimeric structure.
An Inexpensive and Efficient Copper Catalyst for <i>N</i>‐Arylation of Amines, Amides and Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocycles (2006)

Abstract An inexpensive and efficient catalyst system has been developed for the N ‐arylation of nitrogen‐containing compounds including a variety of amines, amides, indole and imidazole. This simple protocol uses CuI as the catalyst, commercial available pipecolinic acid as the new ligand, K 2 CO 3 as the base and DMF as the solvent.
Influence of synthesis parameters on CCVD growth of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes over aluminum substrate (2017)

In the past two decades, important results have been achieved in the field of carbon nanotube (CNT) research, which revealed that carbon nanotubes have extremely good electrical and mechanical properties The range of applications widens more, if CNTs form a forest-like, vertically aligned structure (VACNT) Although, VACNT-conductive substrate structure could be very advantageous for various applications, to produce proper system without barrier films i.e. with good electrical contact is still a challenge. The aim of the current work is to develop a cheap and easy method for growing carbon nanotubes forests on conductive substrate with the CCVD (Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition) technique at 640 °C. The applied catalyst contained Fe and Co and was deposited via dip coating onto an aluminum substrate. In order to control the height of CNT forest several parameters were varied during the both catalyst layer fabrication (e.g. ink concentration, ink composition, dipping speed) and the CCVD synthesis (e.g. gas feeds, reaction time). As-prepared CNT forests were investigated with various methods such as scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. With such an easy process it was possible to tune both the height and the quality of carbon nanotube forests.
DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES FOR ON-LINE MONITORING OF HIGH SPEED DATA IN HIGH VOLTAGE PULSED POWER SYSTEM (2005)

Diagnostic technique and their associated hardware play an important role in evaluating high voltage /current pulsed power systems like present day Radar Transmitters, which operate at high voltages/currents. These diagnostic techniques can be used for on-line monitoring of important parameters of Radar Transmitter to ascertain its health during operation on pulse to pulse basis. In this paper, a typical radar transmitter is discussed in the light of these techniques. In radar transmitter, the most commonly used final power amplif- iers like Travelling Wave Tube (TWT), Klystron, Cross Field Amplifier (CFA) etc., operate at very high volta- ges, of the order of 50 KV and above. The tube paramet- ers such as filament voltage/current, beam voltage/ cu- rrent, tube bias voltages etc. are to be continuously monitored on pulse to pulse basis to ascertain that the tube is working at proper operating point. The techniques adopted for parameters (voltage/current) which are floating with respect to ground, bringing down these parametric values referenced to ground level for monitoring, comparison and to take a suitable action for fail-safe operation, are described and analysed. The effectiveness of these techniques are evaluated at higher Pulse Repetition Frequencies (PRF's) and at the operating voltage beyond 50 KV.
Reconstruction of the Anterior Laryngeal Wall with a Composite Graft of Demineralized Bovine Bone Matrix and Autogenous Perichondrium (1994)

In this study the feasibility to reconstruct the anterior laryngeal wall in adult rabbits with a composite graft of demineralized bovine bone matrix and autogenous perichondrium was investigated. It is demonstrated that demineralized bovine bone, which is a porous biomaterial, is completely transformed into autologous cartilage, once it is implanted in a vascularized perichondrial pocket. It appeared to be possible to reconstruct the anterior laryngeal wall in adult rabbits with this newly formed cartilage. As the biomaterial has been transformed into autologous tissue it is entirely incorporated at the recipient site giving rise to solid connections (cartilaginous and/or fibrous) with the surrounding tissues.
Implementation of RFID Technology in Parking Lot Access Control System (2007)

Parking plays an important role in the traffic system since all vehicles require a storage location when they are not being used to transport passengers. Whether it is a parking lot or on-street parking there is a problem of parking revenue convenience. Implementation of the RFID technology could be a good solution for this problem.
Preparation and Gas Sensing Properties of In2O3/Au Nanorods for Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds in Exhaled Breath (2015)

A series of In2O3/Au nanorods (NRs) were fabricated and characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The length to diameter ratios of In2O3/Au NRs was periodically modulated in the range of 2.9-4.5 through controlling the initial content of indium salt and reaction time. Their gas sensing properties to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were carefully studied and then applied in exhaled breath detection. The results demonstrate that In2O3/Au NRs gas sensor can effectively detect acetone at 250 °C and ethanol at 400 °C. The corresponding actual detection limit is as low as 0.1 ppm to acetone and 0.05 ppm to ethanol, respectively. Moreover, by using humidity compensation method, In2O3/Au NRs gas sensor can clearly distinguish the acetone and ethanol biomarkers in human breath. The main reason of the enhanced gas sensing properties was attributed to the "spillover effects" between Au and In2O3 NRs. The excellent sensing performance indicates that In2O3/Au NRs is a promising functional material to actual application in monitoring and detecting diabetes and safe driving area in a noninvasive and more accurate way.
Проблема Дирака, часть 2. Электромагнитное взаимодействие как прямое следствие законов механики (2014)

It is shown that electromagnetic interaction is not a special kind of interaction between material particles. Electromagnetic field equations are obtained as a direct consequence of the laws of mechanics. They are derived from consideration of the curvilinear motion of a classical particle by inertia, without resorting to the hypothesis of the existence of electrical charges that can generate the Coulomb field. At the specified motion, both the electric and magnetic charges are induced by particle. The peculiarity of the induced charges is that they are not localized on the particle generating electromagnetic field, but are «smeared out» in the space region in which the particle motion by inertia takes place. The presence of the induced magnetic charge means that the magnetic field generated by moving particle contains the unusual scalar (potential) component, in addition to the usual vortex one. The existence of scalar component of the magnetic field was first discovered by G. V. Nikolaev [1-3]. According to his results, taking into account the scalar component of the magnetic field allows one to remove a lot of difficulties of standard electrodynamics and to explain a number of experimental facts that can not be explained, while remaining within the rooted ideas of electrodynamics.