gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Recruitment of NF-Y and Histone Acetyltransferases on Cell-cycle Promoters (2003)

Regulation of transcription during the cell-cycle is under the control of E2 factors (E2Fs), often in cooperation with nuclear factor Y (NF-Y), a histone-like CCAAT-binding trimer. NF-Y is paradigmatic of a constitutive, ubiquitous factor that pre-sets the promoter architecture for other regulatory proteins to access it. We analyzed the recruitment of NF-Y, E2F1/4/6, histone acetyltransferases, and histone deacetylase (HDAC) 1/3/4 to several cell-cycle promoters by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays in serum-starved and restimulated NIH3T3 cells. NF-Y binding is not constitutive but timely regulated in all promoters tested, being displaced when promoters are repressed. p300 association correlates with activation, and it is never found in the absence of NF-Y, whereas PCAF/hGCN5 is often found before NF-Y association. E2F4 and E2F6, together with HDACs, are bound to repressed promoters, including the G2/M Cyclin B2. As expected, an inverse relationship between HDACs association and histones H3/H4 acetylation is observed. Blocking cells in G1 with the cyclin-dependent kinase 2 inhibitor R-roscovitine confirms that NF-Y is bound to G1/S but not to G2/M promoters in G1. These data indicate that following the release of E2Fs/HDACs, a hierarchy of PCAF-NF-Y-p300 interactions and H3-H4 acetylations are required for activation of cell-cycle promoters.
Accurate Wireless Location/Communication System With 22-cm Error Using UWB-IR (2007)

We propose a high-accuracy, low-cost UWB-IR wireless location system based on the quasi TDOA method. The system consists of anchor nodes, a synch node and a location server. The anchor nodes synchronize each other as regulated by the synch node so that synchronization is always precise in the location process. To make the anchor node simple, the location system uses acquisition and tracking functions that can measure the time when a signal is received as accurately as pulse signal width. In addition, we performed a wireless location experiment indoors and the average error of the location measurement was 22-cm
Chemical Modification of Polysulfones: A Facile Method of Preparing Azide Derivatives from Lithiated Polysulfone Intermediates (1995)

Peer reviewed: Yes
Treatment of Patients with Factor VIII and Factor IX Inhibitors with Special Focus on the Use of Recombinant Factor VIIa (1999)

Introduction In caring for patients with hemophilia, the development of inhibitors against the missing coagulation protein remains a significant problem. Such inhibitors occur in about 15% of patients with severe hemophilia1 and are directed against the procoagulant part of the factor VIII or factor IX molecules. The goal in the treatment of patients with hemophilia is to achieve high enough levels of the missing factor to induce hemostasis in case of bleeding or to prevent bleeding during surgery. Patients with a low inhibitor titer, and especially those with a low anamnestic response, can be given high doses of the coagulation factor concentrate to induce hemostasis. However, for patients with high inhibitor levels, or high-responders, other treatments must be used, including procedures to decrease the antibody titers. To minimize the booster effect of high doses of antigen, immunosuppressive treatment may be added. Because such treatment procedures are complicated and associated with a number of potential side effects, they are not often used to treat mild-to-moderate bleeding episodes or to cover elective, less urgent surgery for inhibitor patients. As a result, a great deal of effort has been devoted to finding more convenient treatment modalities and to inducing immunologic tolerance to permanently eradicate the inhibitors.
Characterization of a <i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i> Lactate Utilization Operon Induced during Temperature-Triggered Glutamate Production (2005)

Gene expression changes of glutamate-producing Corynebacterium glutamicum were identified in transcriptome comparisons by DNA microarray analysis. During glutamate production induced by a temperature shift, C. glutamicum strain 2262 showed significantly higher mRNA levels of the NCgl2816 and NCgl2817 genes than its non-glutamate-producing derivative 2262NP. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis showed that the two genes together constitute an operon. NCgl2816 putatively codes for a lactate permease, while NCgl2817 was demonstrated to encode quinone-dependent l-lactate dehydrogenase, which was named LldD. C. glutamicum LldD displayed Michaelis-Menten kinetics for the substrate l-lactate with a K(m) of about 0.51 mM. The specific activity of LldD was about 10-fold higher during growth on l-lactate or on an l-lactate-glucose mixture than during growth on glucose, d-lactate, or pyruvate, while the specific activity of quinone-dependent d-lactate dehydrogenase differed little with the carbon source. RNA levels of NCgl2816 and lldD were about 18-fold higher during growth on l-lactate than on pyruvate. Disruption of the NCgl2816-lldD operon resulted in loss of the ability to utilize l-lactate as the sole carbon source. Expression of lldD restored l-lactate utilization, indicating that the function of the permease gene NCgl2816 is dispensable, while LldD is essential, for growth of C. glutamicum on l-lactate.
Inverse Method for Turbomachine Blades Using Existing Time-Marching Techniques (1994)

A newly-developed inverse method for the design of turbomachine blades using existing time-marching techniques for the numerical solutions of the unsteady Euler equations is proposed. In this inverse method, the pitch-averaged tangential velocity (or the blade loading) is the specified quantity, and the corresponding blade geometry is Iteratively sought after. The presence of the blades are represented by a periodic array of discrete body forces which are included in the equations of motion. A four-stage Runge-Kutta time-stepping scheme is used to march a finite-volume formulation, of the unsteady Euler equations to a steady-state solution. Modification of the blade geometry during this time marching process is achieved using the slip boundary conditions on the blade surfaces. This method is demonstrated for the design of infinitely-thin cascaded blades in the subsonic, transonic, and supersonic flow regimes. Results are validated using an Euler analysis method and are compared against those obtained using a similar inverse method. Excellent agreement in the results are obtained between these different approaches.
Ray-optics analysis of inhomogeneous biaxially anisotropic media (2009)

Firm evidence of the biaxial nematic phase in liquid crystals, not induced by a magnetic or electric field, has been established only recently. The discovery of these biaxially anisotropic liquid crystals has opened up new areas of both fundamental and applied research. The advances in biaxial liquid-crystal-related topics call for a good overview on the propagation of waves through biaxially anisotropic media. Although the literature sporadically discusses biaxial interfaces, the propagation of waves through inhomogeneous biaxially anisotropic bulk materials has never been fully addressed. For this reason, we present a novel ray-tracing method for inhomogeneous biaxially anisotropic media. In the geometrical-optics approach, we clearly show how to assess the optical properties of inhomogeneous biaxially anisotropic media in three dimensions.
Absolute in flight calibration of airborne multichannel mm-wave imaging radiometer (2002)

In microwave radiometry, hot and cold black body targets of known brightness temperature are used to calibrate microwave radiometer. This paper discusses the procedure of absolute in-flight calibration of airborne multichannel mm-wave radiometer, based on measuring of two scenes known (calculated) brightness temperature-radiohorizon and cold sky, during aircraft bank over a water surface.
Encapsulation of embryonic axes of<i>Camellia sinensis</i>(L.) O. Kuntze (tea) and subsequent<i>in vitro</i>germination (2005)

SummaryZygotic embryonic axes of Camellia sinensis were coated with 3% and 4% sodium alginate matrices to select the best alginate concentration for the production of synthetic seeds. Germinability and plantlet development of encapsulated and non-encapsulated embryonic axes were evaluated under in vitro conditions. The results revealed that 3% (w/v) sodium alginate with 100 mM calcium chloride dihydrate provided the most suitable matrix of those tested, for encapsulation of embryonic axes. Naked and coated axes, cultured on Murashige and Skoog basal medium alone (MS1) or with 3 mg l–1 benzyl amino purine (BAP) and 0.5 mg l–1 indole butyric acid (IBA), (MS2), gave high rates of survival (100%) and germination (93–100%). However, they responded differently during germination and plant conversion. Somatic embryogenesis was observed in the hypocotyl region of coated and uncoated axes cultured on MS1 medium. Efficient plant recovery from non-encapsulated (73.3%) and encapsulated (42.2%) axes was achieved on MS2 medium. Further, shoot length and the number of leaves were significantly higher for non-encapsulated than for encapsulated embryonic axes after 8 weeks incubation. In this experiment, coating materials were prepared in distilled water alone. Therefore, plant recovery rate and shoot growth were statistically similar to those of nonembryonic axes cultured on MS1 medium. This study showed that incorporation of plant growth regulators into the culture medium is required for efficient conversion of normal plantlets from embryonic axes. This protocol is important for storing tea embryonic axes as synthetic seeds, to extend seed viability, and for germplasm exchange.
Stereospecificity of (+)-pinoresinol and (+)-lariciresinol reductases from Forsythia intermedia. (1993)

Pinoresinol/lariciresinol reductase catalyzes the first known example of a highly unusual benzylic ether reduction in plants; its mechanism of hydride transfer is described. The enzyme was found in Forsythia intermedia and catalyzes the presumed regulatory branch-points in the pathway leading to benzylaryltetrahydrofuran, dibenzylbutane, dibenzylbutyrolactone, and aryltetrahydronaphthalene lignans. Using [7,7'-2H2]-pinoresinol and [7,7'-2H3]lariciresinol as substrates, the hydride transfers of the highly unusual reductase were demonstrated to be completely stereospecific (> 99%). The incoming hydrides were found to take up the pro-R position at C-7' (and/or C-7) in lariciresinol and secoisolariciresinol, thereby eliminating the possibility of random hydride delivery to a planar quinone methide intermediate. As might be expected, the mode of hydride abstraction from NADPH was also stereospecific: using [4R-3H] and [4S-3H]NADPH, it was found that only the 4 pro-R hydrogen was abstracted for enzymatic hydride transfer.
Location-dependent content-based image retrieval system based on a P2P mobile agent framework (2013)

In this article, we propose a geoconscious content-based image retrieval system based on a P2P mobile agent framework. This system retrieves similar photographs from an image database of location-dependent photographs (e.g., photos of buildings, landmarks, etc.), which use GPS positions for geo-tagging. The P2P mobile agent framework supports intelligent agents. This agent searches similar content image using a query photograph by traversing the P2P network, instead of the mobile device issuing the query. In this paper, we describe the design of the proposed system and a portion of its implementation. This prototype system produces a new peer and rearranges the placement of image agents among peers for workload balancing. Furthermore, we provide the experimental results of our implementation for managing location-dependent image agents, which are clustered with peers in a distributed Delaunay network.
Optically Active Polymer Synthesis by Diels−Alder Polymerization with Chirally Modified Lewis Acid Catalyst (1999)

A series of copolymers have been synthesized by Diels−Alder polymerization of bisdienophile monomer with bisdiene monomer. Bismaleimides (1) and bis(α,β-unsaturated ester)s (4) were prepared and used as bisdienophile monomer. Furfuryl and butadienyl moieties were chosen as the diene part of the bisdiene monomers (2, 5). Repetitive Diels−Alder reactions between these monomers in the presence of Lewis acid catalyst yielded alternative Diels−Alder polymers (6, 12, 13, 15). On the basis of these results, asymmetric Diels−Alder polymerization was investigated. The use of enantiopure Lewis acid catalysts (7−10) in the Diels−Alder polymerization of above monomers resulted in the formation of optically active polymers having the asymmetric carbons in their main chain.
A 60-GHz RF IQ DAC transceiver with on-die at-speed loopback (2011)

A radio transceiver with direct 5.3-Gb/s carrier modulation using a 60-GHz 2-bit IQ DAC, a zero-IF IQ receiver, a PLL with a single- 60-GHz VCO and an integrated crystal oscillator, was designed and fabricated in a 130-nm SiGe BiCMOS technology. It covers the entire 57-66 GHz band with digitally-programmable 0-to-10 dBm output power and -15 to 60 dB receiver gain, and 5 dB noise figure. Depending on the receive-path gain, the IP1 varies between -55 dBm and 0 dBm. The chip consumes 350mW/225mW in TX/RX mode.
AUTOMATED DETECTION OF SINGLE WHEAT KERNELS CONTAINING LIVE OR DEAD INSECTS USING NEARINFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY (2003)

An automated nearinfrared (NIR) reflectance system was used over a twomonth storage period to detect singlewheat kernels that contained live or dead internal rice weevils at various stages of growth. Correct classification of soundkernels plus kernels containing live pupae, large larvae, mediumsized larvae, and small larvae averaged 94%, 93%, 84%,and 63%, respectively. Pupae + large larvae calibrations were developed for live (day 1) and dead (days 7, 14, 28, 42, and56) internal insects. Validation results showed that the live pupae +live large larvae calibration correctly classified 86% to96% of dead pupae + dead large larvae validation samples. The dead pupae + dead large larvae calibration correctly detectedthe presence of live pupae + live large larvae with an accuracy of 92% to 93%. Thus, wheat kernels containing either liveor dead insects can be used to develop calibrations for detecting both live and dead insects in wheat. These findings willimpact how calibration sample sets can be handled. Results indicated that immediate sample processing for creatingcalibrations may no longer be necessary; internal insects can be killed and calibrations created at a later time withoutsacrificing accuracy. Additionally, laboratories can share these same calibration samples to save time and resources.
Regulation and targeting of recombination in extrachromosomal substrates carrying immunoglobulin switch region sequences. (1994)

We have used extrachromosomal substrates carrying immunoglobulin heavy-chain S mu and S gamma 3 switch region sequences to study activation and targeting of recombination by a transcriptional enhancer element. Substrates are transiently introduced into activated primary murine B cells, in which recombination involving S-region sequences deletes a conditionally lethal marker, and recombination is measured by transformation of Escherichia coli in the second step of the assay. Previously we found that as many as 25% of replicated substrates recombined during 40-h transfection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated primary cells and that efficient recombination was dependent on the presence of S-region sequences as well as a transcriptional activator region in the constructs (H. Leung and N. Maizels, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:4154-4158, 1992). Here we show that recombination of the switch substrates is threefold more efficient in LPS-cultured primary B cells than in the T-cell line EL4; the activities responsible for switch substrate recombination thus appear to be more abundant or more active in cells which can carry out chromosomal switch recombination. We test the role of the transcriptional activator region and show that the immunoglobulin heavy-chain intron enhancer (E mu) alone stimulates recombination as well as E mu combined with a heavy-chain promoter and that mutations that diminish enhancer-dependent transcription 500-fold diminish recombinational activation less than 2-fold. These observations suggest that the enhancer stimulates recombination by a mechanism that does not depend on transcript production or that is insensitive to the level of transcript production over a very broad range. Furthermore, we find that E mu stimulates recombination when located either upstream or downstream of S mu but that the position of the recombinational activator does affect the targeting of recombination junctions, suggesting that the relatively imprecise targeting of switch junctions in vivo may reflect the availability of many potential activator sites within each switch region.
Synthetic chimeric nucleases function for efficient genome editing (2019)

CRISPR-Cas systems have revolutionized genome editing across a broad range of biotechnological endeavors. Many CRISPR-Cas nucleases have been identified and engineered for improved capabilities. Given the modular structure of such enzymes, we hypothesized that engineering chimeric sequences would generate non-natural variants that span the kinetic parameter landscape, and thus provide for the rapid selection of nucleases fit for a particular editing system. Here, we design a chimeric Cas12a-type library with approximately 560 synthetic chimeras, and select several functional variants. We demonstrate that certain nuclease domains can be recombined across distantly related nuclease templates to produce variants that function in bacteria, yeast, and human cell lines. We further characterize selected chimeric nucleases and find that they have different protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) preferences and the M44 chimera has higher specificity relative to wild-type (WT) sequences. This demonstration opens up the possibility of generating nuclease sequences with implications across biotechnology.
Green One Pot Solvent-Free Synthesis of Pyrano[2,3-c]-Pyrazoles and Pyrazolo[1,5-a]Pyrimidines (2010)

Pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles are obtained via mixing ethyl acetoacetate, hydrazine hydrate, aldehydes or ketones and malononitrile in the absence of solvent. These same products were also obtained by reacting arylidenemalononitriles 3 with 3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-ones. NOE difference experiments confirmed that these products exist solely in the 2H form. Similar treatments of 3-amino-2-pyrazolin-5-one with arylidene-malononitrile afforded adduct 6. Similarly mixing ethyl cyanoacetate, hydrazine hydrate, aldehydes, with malononitrile gave the same product 6. A novel synthesis of 4-oxo-4H-pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole (8) could be achieved via reacting 3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one with a mixture of cyanoacetic acid and acetic anhydride. Similar treatment of 3-aminopyrazole 11 with the benzylidene-malononitrile produced the pyrazolo[2,3-a]pyrimidines 12a,b.
Mutation in a structural gene for a beta-tubulin specific to testis in Drosophila melanogaster. (1979)

By two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of tubulins prepared from tissues of Drosophila melanogaster we have identified a beta-tubulin subunit that is present only in the testis. Furthermore, we have isolated, as a male sterile, a third chromosome dominant mutation [ms(3)KKD] in the structural gene for this beta-tubulin. Males heterozygous for this mutation produce no motile spermatozoa. Beginning with meiosis, all processes in spermatogenesis are abnormal to some extent. Many microtubules (including both cytoplasmic microtubules and doublet tubules of the axoneme) show aberrant structure in cross section, and the overall morphology of the developing spermatids is disorganized. Testes from these males were shown, by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, to contain both the normal testis-specific beta-tubulin and an electrophoretic variant of this tubulin in equal amounts. Both wild-type and mutant testis-specific beta-tubulins were characterized by vinblastine sulfate precipitation, coassembly with purified Drosophila embryo tubulin, and peptide mapping.
Colorless polyimide nanocomposite films with pristine clay: Thermal behavior, mechanical property, morphology, and optical transparency (2009)

Abstract Polyimide (PI)/clay hybrids were synthesized using the in situ solution intercalation method via poly(amic acid). The Na ion‐exchanged clays Na + ‐saponite (SPT), Na + ‐mica (Mica), and Na + ‐montmorillonite (MMT) were used for the intercalation of PI polymer chains. Our dispersion results show that pristine SPT is more easily dispersed in a PI matrix than MMT or Mica. PI nanocomposites were prepared with various SPT contents to examine the variations with SPT content in the range 0–1 wt% of the thermomechanical properties, morphology, and optical transparency of the nanocomposites. The PI films have excellent optical transparencies, and are almost colorless. However, the optical transparency of the PI hybrid films decreases slightly with increases in the clay content. We also examined the relationship between the properties and clay content of the PI hybrid films using wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, electronic microscopy (SEM and TEM), and universal tensile machine (UTM). The color intensities of the PI films were evaluated with a spectrophotometer. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Hamiltonian Systems and Transformation in Hilbert Space (1931)

In recent years the theory of Hilbert space and its linear transformations has come into prominence.'It has been recognized to an increasing extent that many of the most important departments of mathematical physics can be subsumed under this theory.In classical physics, for example in those phenomena which are governed by linear conditions- linear differential or integral equations and the like, in those relating to harmonic analysis, and in many phenomena due to the operation of the laws of chance, the essential r6le is played by certain linear transformations in Hilbert space.And the importance of the theory in quantum me- chanics is known to all.It is the object of this note to outline certain investigations of our own in which the domain of this theory has been extended in such a way as to include classical Hamiltonian mechanics, or, more generally, systems defining a steady n-dimensional flow of a fluid of positive density.Consider the dynamical system of n degrees of freedom, the canonical equations of which are formed from the Hamiltonian H(q, p) = H(ql, * a qny ply .... ps), which we will assume to be single-valued, real, and analytic in a certain 2n-dimensional region R of the real qp-space.The solutions, or equations of motion, are qk = fk(q0, p0, t), Pk = gk(q0, po, t), (k = 1, ..., n), these functions being single-valued, real and analytic for all (q, p) in R and for t in a real interval containing t = 0 dependent on (q, p).It is shown that the transformation St: (q, po) > (q, p) defined by these equations for suitably restricted t has the formal proper- ties: St1S1, = Si, + ,, So = I.The system admits the "integral of energy"
Synthesis of a First-Row Transition Metal Parent Amido Complex and Carbon Monoxide Insertion into the Amide N−H Bond (2003)

The parent amido iron complex (dmpe)2Fe(H)(NH2) (dmpe = 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane), the first such first-row transition metal complex, has been synthesized and characterized spectroscopically and crystallographically. This complex has been found to insert carbon monoxide into the amide N-H bond (rather than the M-N bond) to give trans-(dmpe)2Fe(H)(NHCHO). The mechanism of this transformation has been studied and is believed to occur through an unusual mechanism in which CO behaves as an apparent electrophile.