gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exact realisation of 2-dimensional digital filters by separable filters (1976)

A scheme for the exact realisation of 2-dimensional digital filters by using separable filters is proposed. The desired impulse response is obtained by a process of successive corrections. The performance criterion in terms of computing speed is compared with that of another existing technique.
Identification of Genes with Differential Expression in Acquired Drug-Resistant Gastric Cancer Cells Using High-Density Oligonucleotide Microarrays (2004)

Our investigation provides comprehensive gene information associated with acquired resistance to anticancer drugs in gastric cancer cells and a basis for additional functional studies.
Preparation of (<i>S</i>,<i>S</i>)‐Fmoc‐<i>β</i><sup>2</sup>hIle‐OH, (<i>S</i>)‐Fmoc‐<i>β</i><sup>2</sup>hMet‐OH, and (<i>S</i>)‐Fmoc‐<i>β</i><sup>2</sup>hTyr(<sup><i>t</i></sup>Bu)‐OH for Solid‐Phase Syntheses of <i>β</i><sup>2</sup>‐ and <i>β</i><sup>2</sup>/<i>β</i><sup>3</sup>‐Peptides (2003)

Abstract The preparation of three new N ‐Fmoc‐protected (Fmoc=[(9 H ‐fluoren‐9‐yl)methoxy]carbonyl) β 2 ‐homoamino acids with proteinogenic side chains (from Ile, Tyr, and Met) is described, the key step being a diastereoselective amidomethylation of the corresponding Ti‐enolates of 3‐acyl‐4‐isopropyl‐5,5‐diphenyloxazolidin‐2‐ones with CbzNHCH 2 OMe/TiCl 4 (Cbz=(benzyloxy)carbonyl) in yields of 60–70% and with diastereoselectivities of >90%. Removal of the chiral auxiliary with LiOH or NaOH gives the N ‐Cbz‐protected β ‐amino acids, which were subjected to an N ‐Cbz/ N ‐Fmoc (Fmoc=[(9 H ‐fluoren‐9‐yl)methoxy]carbonyl) protective‐group exchange. The method is suitable for large‐scale preparation of Fmoc‐ β 2 hXaa‐OH for solid‐phase syntheses of β ‐peptides. The Fmoc‐amino acids and all compounds leading to them have been fully characterized by melting points, optical rotations, IR, 1 H‐ and 13 C‐NMR, and mass spectra, as well as by elemental analyses.
SGStudio: rapid semantic grammar development for spoken language understanding (2005)

SGStudio (Semantic Grammar Studio) is a grammar authoring tool that facilitates the development of spoken dialog systems and speech enabled applications. It enables regular software developers with little speech/linguistic background to rapidly create quality semantic grammars for automatic speech recognition (ASR) and spoken language understanding (SLU). This paper introduces the framework of the tool as well as the component technologies, including knowledge assisted example-based grammar learning, grammar controls and configurable grammar structures. Experimental results show that SGStudio not only greatly increases the productivity, but also improves the quality of the grammars developed.
Medicinal Natural Products A Biosynthetic Approach 3rd Edition (2009)

1. Abaout this Boook, and How to Use it
2. Secondary Metabolism: The Building Blocks and Construction Mechanisms
3. The acetate Pathway: Fatty Acids and Polyketides
4. The Shikimate Pathway: Aromatic Amino Acids and Phenylpropanoids
5. The mevalonate and Methylerythritol Phosphate Pathways: terpenoids and Stereoids
Posterior Vertebral Column Resection in Fixed Lumbosacral Deformity (2005)

PVCR is an effective procedure for the management of fixed lumbosacral deformity. It provides satisfactory correction and improved functional outcomes. However, it is a technically demanding and exhausting procedure with possible risks for complications.
Reissert compound studies. XLV. The phenanthridine reissert compound (1984)

Abstract A series of phenanthridine Reissert compounds and Reissert analogs have been prepared using the trimethylsilyl cyanide method. The reactions of the conjugate base and fluoroborate salt have been studied and found, generally, to be similar to those of the isoquinoline Reissert compounds.
Suppression of Breast Cancer Metastasis Using Stapled Peptides Targeting the WASF Regulatory Complex (2017)

The WASF3 gene facilitates the metastatic phenotype, and its inactivation leads to suppression of invasion and metastasis regardless of the genetic background of the cancer cell. This reliance on WASF3 to facilitate metastasis suggests that targeting its function could serve as an effective strategy to suppress metastasis. WASF3 stability and function are regulated by the WASF Regulatory Complex (WRC) of proteins, particularly CYFIP1 and NCKAP1. Knockdown of these proteins in vitro leads to disruption of the WRC and suppression of invasion. We have used mouse xenograft models of breast cancer metastasis to assess whether targeting the WRC complex suppresses metastasis in vivo. Stapled peptides targeting the WASF3-CYFIP1 interface (WAHM1) and the CYFIP1-NCKAP1 interface (WANT3) suppress the development of lung and liver metastases. Targeting these critical protein-protein interactions, therefore, could potentially be developed into a therapeutic strategy to control cancer cell invasion and metastasis.
Ensuring fault-tolerance of phase-locked clocks (1984)

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/6073/5/bac6457.0001.001.pdf
Characterization of Codon-Optimized Recombinant <i>Candida rugosa</i> Lipase 5 (LIP5) (2011)

Recombinant Candida rugosa lipase 5 (LIP5) has been functionally expressed along with other isoforms in our laboratory. However, the characterization and codon optimization of LIP5 have not been done. In this work, we characterized, codon-optimized and compared LIP5 with commercial lipase. LIP5 activity on hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl (p-NP) butyrate was optimal at 55 °C as compared with 37 °C of the commercial lipase. Several assays were also performed to determine the substrate specificity of LIP5. p-NP butyrate (C(4)), butyryl-CoA (C(4)), cholesteryl laurate (C(12)), and N-carbobenzoxy-l-tyrosine-p-nitrophenyl ester (l-NBTNPE) were found as preferred substrates of LIP5. Interestingly, LIP5 specificity on hydrolysis of amino acid-derivative substrates was shown to be the highest among any lipase isoforms, but it had very weak preference on hydrolyzing triacylglycerol substrates. LIP5 also displays a pH-dependent maximum activity of a lipase but an esterase substrate preference in general. The characterization of LIP5 along with that of LIP1-LIP4 previously identified shows that each lipase isoform has a distinct substrate preference and catalytic activity.
Nasal continuous positive airway pressure and outcomes of preterm infants (2001)

A CPAP-based approach to respiratory support of the preterm infant may decrease the invasiveness and duration of respiratory support and may decrease respiratory and some non-respiratory adverse outcomes without an associated increase in neurosonographic or other morbidity outcomes. Further prospective trials are warranted.
Identification of Recurrent <i>FGFR3–TACC3</i> Fusion Oncogenes from Lung Adenocarcinoma (2014)

FGFR3-TACC3 rearrangements occur in a subset of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Such patients should be considered for clinical trials featuring FGFR inhibitors.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention (2009)

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a common virus that infects children and adults; however, children younger than two years of age tend to develop more serious respiratory symptoms. RSV is responsible for thousands of outpatient visits (e.g., emergency room/primary care physician), hospitalizations and can result in death. Treatment is primarily supportive care and the illness resolves without complications in most children. RSV prophylaxis with palivizumab is an option for high-risk infants and children, which can decrease hospitalization and length of stay. Immunocompromised patients are a special population of which ribavirin and palivizumab may be used for treatment. Currently, no medication or vaccine available has been able to show a reduction in mortality from RSV. Future vaccines are in the developmental stage and will hopefully decrease the symptomatic and economic burden of this disease.
Gigantic resistivity and band gap changes in GdOyHx thin films (2000)

In this letter we show that GdOyHx thin films allow one to tailor the electric and the optical properties by controlling the hydrogen and oxygen content. By changing the O/H ratio, one can shift the optical band gap from 2.4 eV in the trihydride to 5.4 eV in the pure oxide. The GdOxHy (x&lt;1.5, y&lt;2) thin films are insulating, and a resistivity as high as 1010 Ω cm, as compared to 10−4 Ω cm in the metallic state, is obtained. The thermal stability of the films depends strongly on the oxygen concentration. Samples with low oxygen content can be switched between the insulating and conducting state by reducing the hydrogen content. A reversible resistivity change of 106 Ω cm is demonstrated.
Side information generation with constrained relaxation for distributed multi-view video coding (2008)

Apart from the existing temporal and inter-view interpolation technique in distributed multi-view video coding (DMVC), this paper is dedicated to not only investigating multiple side information implication at the decoder, but also preserving the constrained relaxation with high-level features matching. We present a novel feature-based Wyner-Ziv coding framework (FWZC) for DMVC, which devotes scale-invariant features extraction and matching to generate inter-view correlated side information without knowing the camera parameters and has a more significant improvement rate-distortion performance. The scale-invariant local features are identified as the most resistant to image deformations and affine distortion between different views of an object or scene. The plausible filling-in from a priori distinctive feature constraints between neighboring views could make a promising compensation to inter-view side information generation for joint multi-view decoding. The experimental results show high precision for objects with high motion and quite significant improvement in the rate-distortion performance.
Simultaneous Floorplan and Buffer-Block Optimization (2004)

As technology advances and the number of interconnections among modules rapidly increases, timing closure, and design convergence are the most important concerns. Hence, it is desirable to consider interconnect optimization as early as possible. Previous work for this issue can be classified into two directions: wire planning and buffer-block planning for interconnect-driven floorplanning. Wire planning for interconnect-driven floorplanning does not consider buffer insertion, and buffer-block planning for interconnect-driven floorplanning cannot overcome the limitation of a bad initial floorplan. In this paper, we first address simultaneous floorplanning and buffer-block planning (i.e., integrating buffer-block planning into floorplanning) for interconnect optimization. We adopt simulated annealing to refine a floorplan so that buffers can be inserted more effectively. In each iteration, we construct a routing tree for each net, allocate buffers for all nets, introduce corresponding buffer blocks into the intermediate floorplan, and invoke Lagrangian relaxation to optimize area and satisfy timing requirements. Further, in order to reduce the problem size, we present supermodule partitioning which partitions modules into supermodules. Experimental results show that our method of integrating buffer-block planning into floorplanning can significantly improve the interconnect delay and reduce the number of buffers needed. Based on a set of MCNC benchmark circuits, our approach achieves an average success rate of 86.1% of nets meeting timing constraints, inserts only 272 buffers on average, and consumes an average extra area of only 0.28% over the given floorplan, compared with the average success rate of 62.6%, 1123 buffers, and extra area of 1.05% resulted from a famous recent work presented at ICCAD'99.
S-heterocyclic annelated perylene bisimide: synthesis and co-crystal with pyrene (2006)

An S-heterocyclic annelated perylene bisimide (PBI) has been prepared from readily available tetrachloro-PBI by a one-step palladium-catalyzed reaction; when co-crystallized with pyrene it gives a unique columnar arrangement of 1 : 2 complexes.
Effects of soft pellicle frame curvature and mounting process on pellicle-induced distortions in advanced photomasks (2003)

Lithography registration errors induced by the attachment of soft pellicles on reticles can significantly affect wafer overlay performance for sub-90 nm lithography chip manufacturing. Intel Corporation, Mitsui Chemicals, and the University of Wisconsin Computational Mechanics Center (UW-CMC) have conducted an extensive experimental study to quantify and minimize the pellicle-induced distortions in order to meet advanced mask manufacturing requirements. A comprehensive design of experiment was elaborated to evaluate the effects of frame curvature, adhesive gasket compliance, and mounting load on pellicle-induced distortions for soft pellicle systems. A frame curvature measurement tool was custom-made at the UW-CMC, employing an MTI Instruments capacitive sensor. A TA Instruments dynamic mechanical analyzer was used to determine the elastic modulus of the adhesive gasket materials. Registration measurements were conducted by Intel on test reticles on a 21 × 21 array of grid points, before and after pellicle attachment, to obtain pellicle-induced distortion results. Results characterize the influence of attachment process, type of adhesive gasket, frame curvature, reticle guiding plate configuration, and attachment load on pellicle-induced distortions.
Photo- and Electroluminescence from 2-(Dibenzo[<i>b</i>,<i>d</i>]furan-4-yl)pyridine-Based Heteroleptic Cyclometalated Platinum(II) Complexes: Excimer Formation Drastically Facilitated by an Aromatic Diketonate Ancillary Ligand (2012)

To clarify the ancillary ligand effect on excimer formation of heteroleptic cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes, we investigated photo- and electroluminescence behavior for green-phosphorescent [(dibenzo[b,d]furan-4-yl)pyridinato-N,C3′]platinum(II) 1,3-diketonates Pt-1 and Pt-2 (1,3-diketonate ancillary ligands; 1,3-bis(3,4-dibutoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-dionate (bdbp) and dipivaloylmethanate (dpm) for Pt-1 and Pt-2, respectively). The X-ray crystallographic study reveals that both Pt-1 and Pt-2 form dimeric pairs in the solid states, indicating that they are likely to form the excimers. In PMMA films doped with Pt-1, red-shifted photoluminescence at >600 nm, assignable to the excimer emission, increasingly emerges along with the original monomer emission at 516 and 552 nm as the doping level of Pt-1 is increased to 44 wt %. Pt-2-doped films give quite modest excimer-based photoluminescence even when heavily doped to the same extent as Pt-1-doped films. This clearly indicates that the aromatic ancillary ligand (bdbp) effectively facilitates the excimer formation rather than the aliphatic (dpm). Similar efficient excimer formation is also observed for electroluminescent devices such as poly(9-vinylcarbazole)-based polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) doped with Pt-1. The Pt-1-doped PLEDs afford electroluminescence from green to orange when the doping level of Pt-1 is varied from 7.1 to 24 wt %. Thus, referring to the Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinate, the color tuning is available from CIE = (0.40, 0.57) to (0.56, 0.43) (@maximum luminance). We also found that the excimer-based luminescence of Pt-1 is enhanced in the PLEDs more than in polymer thin films upon photoexcitation. This result shows the difference in the mechanism of triplet excimer formation between photo- and electroluminescence and indicates that the efficient triplet excimer formation is caused by direct charge recombination of anion and cation radicals of Pt-1.
Ferroelectric size effects in multiferroic BiFeO3 thin films (2007)

Ferroelectric size effects in multiferroic BiFeO3 have been studied using a host of complementary measurements. The structure of such epitaxial films has been investigated using atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction. The crystal structure of the films has been identified as a monoclinic phase, which suggests that the polarization direction is close to ⟨111⟩. Such behavior has also been confirmed by piezoforce microscopy measurements. That also reveals that the ferroelectricity is down to at least 2nm.
User Interactions with Multimedia Repositories Using Natural Language Interfaces-OntoNL: An Architectural Framework and Its Implementation (2006)

We present a generalized architectural framework for constructing and using natural language interfaces for interactions with multimedia repositories. The framework can take advantage of user profiles to rank the re-sulting queries from the natural language expressions. This to avoid or reduce the disambiguation overhead, meaning the elimination of the possible senses that can be assigned to a word in the discourse in a particu-lar domain. The architecture for the disambiguation procedure is based on a combination of classical search techniques and a constrained spreading activation algorithm, an algorithm for searching information in net-works like ontologies. We calculate the strength of relations between concepts in ontologies by assigning a weight value. The constrained spreading activation algorithm used is controlled by heuristic rules that are obtained from the search mechanism applied in the ontology. We describe the implementation of this framework for supporting interactions with a multimedia repository, described with the MPEG-7 MDS (Multi-media Description Schemes) structures. 1.
Involvement of Cytokines in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Facilitation of CGRP Release from Capsaicin-Sensitive Nerves in the Trachea: Studies with Interleukin-1β and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (1996)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin, produces pain behavior, inflammation, and changes in immune function. Many of these effects are secondary to the production of cytokines. In the present study, we investigated the effect of LPS on the releasing function of afferent terminals as measured by calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release in ex vivo perfused rat trachea, and examined the possible role of the cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as intermediaries in this effect. Systemic injection of LPS (0.75 mg/kg, i.p.) in adult rats induced an increase in body temperature followed by hypothermia, indicating ongoing infection. We observed that capsaicin-induced (0.1 μ m ) tracheal CGRP release was significantly enhanced in the LPS-treated animals after 5 hr. This enhancement of the peptide release by LPS was blocked by IL-1β tripeptide antagonist Lys- d -Pro-Thr (10 μ m ) and mimicked by IL-1β and TNF-α (10–100 pg/ml), suggesting that the potentiating effect of LPS on CGRP release is mediated by generation of IL-1β and TNF-α. IL-1β-induced augmentation of CGRP release was blocked by Lys- d -Pro-Thr. Additionally, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor ketorolac (10 μ m ) significantly attenuated the facilitatory effects of LPS and IL-1β, indicating involvement of prostanoids. These findings suggest that endotoxin treatment generated cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α that regulated the peripheral releasing function of primary sensory afferents by sensitizing the terminals and facilitating peptide release. This effect is prostanoid dependent.
Identification of a Gammaherpesvirus Selective Chemokine Binding Protein That Inhibits Chemokine Action (2000)

Chemokines are involved in recruitment and activation of hematopoietic cells at sites of infection and inflammation. The M3 gene of gammaHV68, a gamma-2 herpesvirus that infects and establishes a lifelong latent infection and chronic vasculitis in mice, encodes an abundant secreted protein during productive infection. The M3 gene is located in a region of the genome that is transcribed during latency. We report here that the M3 protein is a high-affinity broad-spectrum chemokine scavenger. The M3 protein bound the CC chemokines human regulated upon activation of normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), murine macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha (MIP-1alpha), and murine monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), as well as the human CXC chemokine interleukin-8, the murine C chemokine lymphotactin, and the murine CX(3)C chemokine fractalkine with high affinity (K(d) = 1. 6 to 18.7 nM). M3 protein chemokine binding was selective, since the protein did not bind seven other CXC chemokines (K(d) > 1 microM). Furthermore, the M3 protein abolished calcium signaling in response to murine MIP-1alpha and murine MCP-1 and not to murine KC or human stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), consistent with the binding data. The M3 protein was also capable of blocking the function of human CC and CXC chemokines, indicating the potential for therapeutic applications. Since the M3 protein lacks homology to known chemokines, chemokine receptors, or chemokine binding proteins, these studies suggest a novel herpesvirus mechanism of immune evasion.
Contribution of Cutinase Serine 42 Side Chain to the Stabilization of the Oxyanion Transition State<sup>,</sup> (1996)

Cutinase from the fungus Fusarium solani pisi is a lipolytic enzyme able to hydrolyze both aggregated and soluble substrates. It therefore provides a powerful tool for probing the mechanisms underlying lipid hydrolysis. Lipolytic enzymes have a catalytic machinery similar to those present in serine proteinases. It is characterized by the triad Ser, His, and Asp (Glu) residues, by an oxyanion binding site that stabilizes the transition state via hydrogen bonds with two main chain amide groups, and possibly by other determinants. It has been suggested on the basis of a covalently bond inhibitor that the cutinase oxyanion hole may consist not only of two main chain amide groups but also of the Ser42 O gamma side chain. Among the esterases and the serine and the cysteine proteases, only Streptomyces scabies esterase, subtilisin, and papain, respectively, have a side chain residue which is involved in the oxyanion hole formation. The position of the cutinase Ser42 side chain is structurally conserved in Rhizomucor miehei lipase with Ser82 O gamma, in Rhizopus delemar lipase with Thr83 O gamma 1, and in Candida antartica B lipase with Thr40 O gamma 1. To evaluate the increase in the tetrahedral intermediate stability provided by Ser42 O gamma, we mutated Ser42 into Ala. Furthermore, since the proper orientation of Ser42 O gamma is directed by Asn84, we mutated Asn84 into Ala, Leu, Asp, and Trp, respectively, to investigate the contribution of this indirect interaction to the stabilization of the oxyanion hole. The S42A mutation resulted in a drastic decrease in the activity (450-fold) without significantly perturbing the three-dimensional structure. The N84A and N84L mutations had milder kinetic effects and did not disrupt the structure of the active site, whereas the N84W and N84D mutations abolished the enzymatic activity due to drastic steric and electrostatic effects, respectively.
The Distribution of Radioiodinated Congo Red in Normal and Amyloidotic Animals (1962)

Summary The distribution of radioiodinated Congo Red has been studied in amyloidotic and normal animals. Greater deposition of the radioactive dye was found in the kidneys and spleens of mice with histologically demonstrable amyloid than in the controls. The effects of repeated injections of casein and RNA on total body and organ weights are presented. Amyloid present in the adrenals, kidneys, livers and spleens absorbed more of the labelled dye than their counterparts from the control animals. The half-time of disappearance of the radioiodinated dye from the blood was 50% faster in an amyloidotic rabbit than in a control. Repeated daily intramuscular injections of Liver Injection U.S.P. neither prevented nor enhanced the formation of amyloid in RNA-injected rabbits. The previous findings in scorbutic (amyloidotic) guinea pigs were corroborated in casein and RNA-injected rabbits. The urine always contained small quantities of radioactivity but no visible dye. The thyroid glands of the casein and RNA-injected rabbits usually contained more radioiodine than those of the controls.