gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dental utilization by children in Hispanic agricultural worker families in California. (2014)

Children were more likely to have a past year dental visit if they had a usual source of dental care (OR =4.78, CI=2.51-9.08), and if the caregiver had a past year dental visit (OR=1.88, CI=1.04-3.38). Emphasis should be placed on these two modifiable factors to increase children's dental utilization.
Evaluation of polyaryl adhesives in elastomer-stainless steel joints (1992)

Polyaryl thermoplastic adhesives (polyetheretherketone, PEEK, polyphenylene sulfide PPS, polyphenylethersulfone, PES) were evaluated for ability to bond elastomer to metal for use in geothermal environments. Strength of elastomer-to-metal joints adhesives blends (such as in drill pipe or casing protectors) were determined using peel tests. Parameters involved in making the joints were temperature, time and atmosphere, in addition to type of adhesive. Physical chemical analyses have aided endeavors to determine the cause of adhesion failure in the joint: differential thermal analyses, thermal gravimetric analyses, infrared spectroscopy and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. Tests showed that joints made of adhesive blends which contained greater than 50% PES survived simulated geothermal conditions (200C, water vapor pressure 200 psi) for weeks without significant decrease in peel strength. Chemical components of the adhesive appear to be highly stable under the conditions required to make the joints and in subsequent exposure to the simulated geothermal environment.
Full-Genome Sequence Analysis of a Variant Strain of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus in South Korea (2014)

In March of 2014, a variant of novel porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) was first identified in South Korea and found to be most closely related to the U.S. variant strain OH851. The complete genome of the KOR/KNU-1406/2014 strain was sequenced and analyzed to investigate the U.S.-strain-like variant circulating in South Korea.
The relation between amylase and lactic acid formation in muscle (1931)

Research Article| January 01 1931 The relation between amylase and lactic acid formation in muscle Edwin Martin Case Edwin Martin Case 1The Biochemical Laboratory, Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1931) 25 (2): 561–569. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0250561 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Edwin Martin Case; The relation between amylase and lactic acid formation in muscle. Biochem J 1 January 1931; 25 (2): 561–569. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0250561 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1931 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1931 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Immunization against tetanus (1961)

1. A study of the various aspects of passive tetanus immunization and combined active and passive immunization in different animal species has been undertaken. 2. The criteria on which conclusions have been based consisted of titration of antitoxin serum levels and mouse and guinea-pig protection tests using a challenge of 20 M.L.D. of tetanus toxin. 3. A study of the rate of elimination of heterologous tetanus antitoxin in normal and sensitized animals showed that the latter eliminated antitoxin more rapidly from circulation after subcutaneous injection but no difference could be detected following intravenous administration. More important is the profound loss of serum antitoxin in both animal groups from the seventh day onwards. 4. The rate of elimination in humans receiving 1500 units of horse antitoxin subcutaneously was approximately the same in normal subjects and those who had been previously exposed to horse serum. 5. The interference of an active primary immune response by the simultaneous injection of antitoxin in rabbits was consistently more marked with fluid toxoid than with adsorbed toxoid. Thus, combined active and passive immunization of persons who have never been actively immunized, is not recommended, especially with fluid toxoid. 6. Administration of adsorbed toxoid 7 days or more after passive immunization with heterologous antitoxin does not interfere with the primary immune response. 7. Comparison of the immunizing potency in rabbits of fluid and adsorbed toxoids showed that the latter was far superior. 8. Homologous antitoxin was demonstrated in man and animals to be immunologically superior to the heterologous type in every respect. It persisted unchanged in a therapeutically active concentration for at least 3 weeks in humans and its protective action in guinea-pigs was at least 100 times greater than heterologous antitoxin. Since homologous antitoxin can be used in low doses it will not interfere with the primary immune response in combined immunization. 9. A recommended prophylactic dose of homologous antitoxin for man would be 200–250 units.
Rab32 Modulates Apoptosis Onset and Mitochondria-associated Membrane (MAM) Properties (2010)

The mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) has emerged as an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) signaling hub that accommodates ER chaperones, including the lectin calnexin. At the MAM, these chaperones control ER homeostasis but also play a role in the onset of ER stress-mediated apoptosis, likely through the modulation of ER calcium signaling. These opposing roles of MAM-localized chaperones suggest the existence of mechanisms that regulate the composition and the properties of ER membrane domains. Our results now show that the GTPase Rab32 localizes to the ER and mitochondria, and we identify this protein as a regulator of MAM properties. Consistent with such a role, Rab32 modulates ER calcium handling and disrupts the specific enrichment of calnexin on the MAM, while not affecting the ER distribution of protein-disulfide isomerase and mitofusin-2. Furthermore, Rab32 determines the targeting of PKA to mitochondrial and ER membranes and through its overexpression or inactivation increases the phosphorylation of Bad and of Drp1. Through a combination of its functions as a PKA-anchoring protein and a regulator of MAM properties, the activity and expression level of Rab32 determine the speed of apoptosis onset.
Pyrene-POSS nanohybrid as a dispersant for carbon nanotubes in solvents of various polarities: its synthesis and application in the preparation of a composite membrane (2012)

In this study we report the preparation of nanohybrid dispersant molecules based on pyrene and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes for non-covalent functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The prepared dispersant improves the dispersion of MWCNTs in organic solvents with very different polarities such as tetrahydrofuran, toluene, and n-hexane. The functionalized MWCNTs were used to introduce conductivity into polydimethylsiloxane membranes which can be used for electrostatic discharge applications.
Self-Assembly of CdSe Nanoplatelets into Giant Micrometer-Scale Needles Emitting Polarized Light (2013)

We report on the self-assembly of colloidal CdSe nanoplatelets into micrometers long anisotropic needle-like superparticles (SPs), which are formed in solution upon addition of an antisolvent to a stable colloidal dispersion. Optical fluorescence microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering provide detailed structural characterization and show that each particle is composed of 10(6) nanoplatelets organized in highly aligned columns. Within the SPs, the nanoplatelets are stacked on each other to maximize the contact surface between the ligands. When deposited on a substrate, the planes of the platelets are oriented perpendicularly to its surface and the SPs exhibit polarized emission properties.
Vertical Transmission of Neospora caninum in BALB/c Mice Determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection (1999)

Vertical transmission of Neospora caninum was evaluated in BALB/c mice using an N. caninum-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay as a means of detecting parasite transmission to offspring. BALB/c mice were infected with the NC-1 isolate of N. caninum during pregnancy (days 8-15 gestation). Transmission of parasite, detected by PCR, was determined in 2- to 23-day-old offspring. When dams were infected on days 13-15 of gestation, transfer of parasites was detected in only a proportion of the litter. Infection between days 8 and 12 of gestation resulted in a high frequency of parasite transmission; every offspring from all litters was infected. The tissue locations of parasites in pups of different ages were determined. In young pups (2- to 4-days-old), the predominant sites of infection were the lungs and the brain. In older pups (7- and 23-days-old) the predominant site of infection was the brain. This study shows that PCR may be useful for evaluation of candidate vaccines against horizontal N. caninum infection, vertical transmission, or both.
RF local oscillator path for GSM direct conversion transceiver with true 50% duty cycle divide by three and active third harmonic cancellation (2003)

An RF local oscillator frequency path for a multi-band GSM direct conversion transceiver is described that makes use of a novel true 50% output duty cycle divide by 3 circuit and provides active third harmonic cancellation through means of phase recombination of the divider's outputs.
Calcium currents in rat thalamocortical relay neurones: kinetic properties of the transient, low‐threshold current. (1989)

1. Calcium currents were recorded with whole-cell voltage-clamp procedures in relay neurones of the rat thalamus which had been acutely isolated by an enzymatic dissociation procedure. 2. Low-threshold and high-threshold Ca2+ currents were elicited by depolarizing voltage steps from holding potentials more negative than -60 mV. A transient current, analogous to the T-current in sensory neurones, was activated at low threshold near -65 mV and was completely inactivating at command steps up to -35 mV. Voltage steps to more depolarized levels activated a high-threshold current that inactivated slowly and incompletely during a 200 ms step depolarization. 3. The high-threshold current contained both non-inactivating and slowly inactivating components which were insensitive and sensitive to holding potential, respectively. 4. A 'T-type' current was prominent in relay neurones, in both absolute terms (350 pA peak current average) and in relation to high-threshold currents. The average ratio of maximum transient to maximum sustained current was greater than 2. 5. T-current could be modelled in a manner analogous to that employed for the fast Na+ current underlying action potential generation, using the m3h format. The rate of activation of T-current was voltage dependent, with a time constant (tau m) varying between 8 and 2 ms at command potentials of -60 to -10 mV at 23 degrees C. The rate of inactivation was also voltage dependent, and the time constant tau h varied between 50 and 20 ms over the same voltage range. With command potentials more positive than -35 mV, the inactivation of Ca2+ current could no longer be fitted by a single exponential. 6. Steady-state inactivation of T-current could be well fitted by a Boltzman equation with slope factor of 6.3 and half-inactivated voltage of -83.5 mV. 7. Recovery from inactivation of T-current was not exponential. The major component of recovery (70-80% of total) was not very voltage sensitive at potentials more negative than -90 mV, with tau r of 251 ms at -92 mV and 23 degrees C, compared to 225 ms at -112 mV. A smaller, voltage-sensitive component accounted for the remainder of recovery. 8. All kinetic properties, including rates of activation, inactivation, and recovery from inactivation, as well as the amplitude of T-current, were temperature sensitive with Q10 (temperature coefficient) values of greater than 2.5.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Epitaxial growth of graphene on transition metal surfaces: chemical vapor deposition versus liquid phase deposition (2012)

The epitaxial growth of graphene on transition metal surfaces by ex situ deposition of liquid precursors (LPD, liquid phase deposition) is compared to the standard method of chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The performance of LPD strongly depends on the particular transition metal surface. For Pt(111), Ir(111) and Rh(111), the formation of a graphene monolayer is hardly affected by the way the precursor is provided. In the case of Ni(111), the growth of graphene strongly depends on the applied synthesis method. For CVD of propene on Ni(111), a 1 × 1 structure as expected from the vanishing lattice mismatch is observed. However, in spite of the nearly perfect lattice match, a multi-domain structure with 1 × 1 and two additional rotated domains is obtained when an oxygen-containing precursor (acetone) is provided ex situ.
Market trends toward enhanced control of electronic power systems (2002)

Telecommunications and data processing systems are growing in complexity and more functionality is being demanded of the embedded power system for these products as well. These trends toward enhanced control are discussed, and the impact on both the system developer and the power system provider is explored.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Isolation of a mutant from <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> producing acyl‐deficient lipopolysaccharides (1988)

The present paper describes the isolation and characterization of a mutant (mutant Ts7) of Salmonella typhimurium that is conditionally defective in the incorporation of dodecanoic and tetradecanoic acid into lipopolysaccharide precursor structures. Enrichment of mutant Ts7 was achieved by free-flow electrophoresis and was based on a previous observation that at least some Salmonella mutants conditionally blocked in the synthesis of the 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid (dOc1A)-lipid-A region exhibit higher electrophoretic mobilities than cells with intact dOc1A-lipid-A regions. Under nonpermissive conditions (42 degrees C) mutant Ts7 accumulates at least two incomplete dOc1A-lipid-A structures. One is made up of glucosamine, phosphate, dOc1A, and 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid in a molar ratio 1.0:1.3:1.0:2.2 and is devoid of dodecanoic and tetradecanoic acid. The other structure has the same basic structure but contains hexadecanoic acid.
Hi-Rise: A High-Radix Switch for 3D Integration with Single-Cycle Arbitration (2014)

This paper proposes a novel 3D switch, called 'Hi-Rise', that employs high-radix switches to efficiently route data across multiple stacked layers of dies. The proposed interconnect is hierarchical and composed of two switches per silicon layer and a set of dedicated layer to layer channels. However, a hierarchical 3D switch can lead to unfair arbitration across different layers. To address this, the paper proposes a unique class-based arbitration scheme that is fully integrated into the switching fabric, and is easy to implement. It makes the 3D hierarchical switch's fairness comparable to that of a flat 2D switch with least recently granted arbitration. The 3D switch is evaluated for different radices, number of stacked layers, and different 3D integration technologies. A 64-radix, 128-bit width, 4-layer Hi-Rise evaluated in a 32nm technology has a throughput of 10.65 Tbps for uniform random traffic. Compared to a 2D design this corresponds to a 15% improvement in throughput, a 33% area reduction, a 20% latency reduction, and a 38% energy per transaction reduction.
Composition of Essential Oil of Costmary [<i>Balsamita </i><i>major</i> (L.) Desf.] at Different Growth Phases (2000)

The essential oils from leaves and flowers of costmary, Balsamita major (L.) Desf. (syn. Chrysanthemum balsamita L.), were analyzed at various phases of plant growth. The highest contents of oil both in leaves and in flowers were determined before full blooming, 1.15 and 1.34% (w/w), respectively. Seventy-eight volatile compounds have been identified in the oils of Balsamita major, of which 58 (19 tentatively, 39 positively) have not been reported in this plant previously. Carvone and alpha-thujone were found to be dominating compounds constituting from 51.8 to 68.0% and from 9.0 to 16.1% in the total oil, respectively. Seasonal variations in the oil compositions were not considerable except for the starting phase (May 25, 1995), when the content of carvone was lower and the content of alpha-thujone and sesquiterpenes higher. The content of sesquiterpenes was approximately 2 times higher in flowers than in the leaves. Absolute amount of most components was highest at the bud formation period.
Design Rules for High-Efficiency Quantum-Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells: A Multilayer Approach (2012)

The effect of multilayer sensitization in quantum-dot (QD)-sensitized solar cells is reported. A series of electrodes, consisting of multilayer CdSe QDs were assembled on a compact TiO2 layer. Photocurrent measurements along with internal quantum efficiency calculation reveal similar electron collection efficiency up to a 100 nm thickness of the QD layers. Moreover, the optical density and the internal quantum efficiency measurements reveal that the desired surface area of the TiO2 electrode should be increased only by a factor of 17 compared with a compact electrode. We show that the sensitization of low-surface-area TiO2 electrode with QD layers increases the performance of the solar cell, resulting in 3.86% efficiency. These results demonstrate a conceptual difference between the QD-sensitized solar cell and the dye-based system in which dye multilayer decreases the cell performance. The utilization of multilayer QDs opens new opportunities for a significant improvement of quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells via innovative cell design.
Viability of Milk Neutrophils and Severity of Bovine Coliform Mastitis (2004)

To study the host-pathogen interactions during Escherichia coli mastitis, we first determined whether E. coli infection would change blood and milk polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) chemiluminescence (CL) and viability. We then hypothesized that when E. coli invade the mammary gland, the viable PMN in milk would efficiently phagocytose and destroy E. coli before establishment of infection. We observed that the phagocytosis-dependent and independent CL were closely linked to PMN viability and were crucial to the outcome of mastitis. Maximal PMN influx and colony-forming units in infected quarters appeared at postinfection hours (PIH) 6 to 24. This further boosted PMN recruitment through bone marrow-blood barrier as well as blood-milk barrier. The survival of recruited PMN in the E. coli-infected quarters was much higher than that of noninfected quarters. Chemiluminescence activity of PMN from the infected quarters significantly increased following E. coli infection, even exceeding that of blood at PIH 6, 12, and 18 to 24; no such increase was observed in noninfected quarters, suggesting that the various responses of milk PMN to stimuli resulted largely from PMN viability. The highest CL intensity and durability was observed in milk PMN from infected quarters at PIH 12. Whereas an increased viability of PMN in the noninfected quarters was only significant at PIH 6, the viability of PMN in infected quarters was long lasting and significantly higher at PIH 6 to 72. Importantly, higher preinfection milk PMN viability correlated with bacterial clearance, which was accompanied by faster recovery. Our study strongly supports the hypothesis that boosting milk PMN viability could be a strategy with which to prevent or reduce the severity of coliform mastitis in dairy cows. This strategy might be achieved through strengthening bone marrow functionality.
Frequency upconversion of multiple RF signals using optical carrier suppression for radio over fiber downlinks (2007)

We propose and analyze a technique of an optical carrier transmitting two RF signals using optical carrier suppression. A single optical Mach-Zehnder modulator is used for both optical carrier suppression and signal modulation, and optical carrier suppression modulation is also used for frequency conversion of RF signals. This work shows that in contrary to the case of an optical carrier transmitting a single RF signal with optical carrier suppression where stronger optical carrier suppression improves the upconverted RF signal, weaker optical carrier suppression is preferred for an optical carrier transmitting two RF signals due to nonlinear distortion because the nonlinear distortion is reduced by using weaker optical carrier suppression. We find that the usable range of optical carrier suppression ratio is from 10 to 18 dB for RF signal upconverted to 20 GHz and beyond, and the best optical carrier suppression ratio is around 10 dB. We verify the concept and analysis with experiment. In experiment, we used two RFs at 6 and 18 GHz transmitting two 750 Mb/s signals. The experiment for the first time demonstrated that an optical carrier can transmit two RF signals using optical carrier suppression and showed that upconverted RF signals are degraded by nonlinear distortion, particularly for upconverted RF signal at 12 GHz, i.e. the RF signal at the lower frequency.
A Putrescine-Inducible Pathway Comprising PuuE-YneI in Which γ-Aminobutyrate Is Degraded into Succinate in <i>Escherichia coli</i> K-12 (2010)

Gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) is metabolized to succinic semialdehyde by GABA aminotransferase (GABA-AT), and the succinic semialdehyde is subsequently oxidized to succinate by succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH). In Escherichia coli, there are duplicate GABA-ATs (GabT and PuuE) and duplicate SSADHs (GabD and YneI). While GabT and GabD have been well studied previously, the characterization and expression analysis of PuuE and YneI are yet to be investigated. By analyzing the amino acid profiles in cells of DeltapuuE and/or DeltagabT mutants, this study demonstrated that PuuE plays an important role in GABA metabolism in E. coli cells. The similarity of the amino acid sequences of PuuE and GabT is 67.4%, and it was biochemically demonstrated that the catalytic center of GabT is conserved as an amino acid residue important for the enzymatic activity in PuuE as Lys-247. However, the regulation of expression of PuuE is significantly different from that of GabT. PuuE is induced by the addition of putrescine to the medium and is repressed by succinate and low aeration conditions; in contrast, GabT is almost constitutive. Similarly, YneI is induced by putrescine, while GabD is not. For E. coli, PuuE is important for utilization of putrescine as a sole nitrogen source and both PuuE and YneI are important for utilization of putrescine as a sole carbon source. The results demonstrate that the PuuE-YneI pathway was a putrescine-inducible GABA degradation pathway for utilizing putrescine as a nutrient source.