gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impedance Studies for Separators in Rechargeable Lithium Batteries (1993)

Melting of separators, causing closure of separator pores, will result in a strong reduction in current flow. When this process is initiated at the appropriate time it can prevent thermal runaway of lithium batteries during electrical abuse. For this reason, a separator can act as an internal safety device. The effectiveness depends on a number of separator parameters such as melting temperature, rate of pore fusion, and dimensional stability temperature. Measurement of the electrical impedance of electrolyte‐filled separators and separator combinations in the temperature range from room temperature to 200°C can be used to determine these parameters.
Reciprocal and dynamic control of CD8 T cell homing by dendritic cells from skin- and gut-associated lymphoid tissues (2005)

T cell activation by intestinal dendritic cells (DC) induces gut-tropism. We show that, reciprocally, DC from peripheral lymph nodes (PLN-DC) induce homing receptors promoting CD8 T cell accumulation in inflamed skin, particularly ligands for P- and E-selectin. Differential imprinting of tissue-tropism was independent of Th1/Th2 cytokines and not restricted to particular DC subsets. Fixed PLN-DC retained the capacity to induce selectin ligands on T cells, which was suppressed by addition of live intestinal DC. By contrast, fixed intestinal DC failed to promote gut-tropism and instead induced skin-homing receptors. Moreover, the induction of selectin ligands driven by antigen-pulsed PLN-DC could be suppressed "in trans" by adding live intestinal DC, but PLN-DC did not suppress gut-homing receptors induced by intestinal DC. Reactivation of tissue-committed memory cells modified their tissue-tropism according to the last activating DC's origin. Thus, CD8 T cells activated by DC acquire selectin ligands by default unless they encounter fixation-sensitive signal(s) for gut-tropism from intestinal DC. Memory T cells remain responsive to these signals, allowing for dynamic migratory reprogramming by skin- and gut-associated DC.
Vascular Remodeling versus Amyloid β-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Cerebrovascular Dysfunctions Associated with Alzheimer's Disease (2005)

The roles of oxidative stress and structural alterations in the cerebrovascular dysfunctions associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) were investigated in transgenic mice overexpressing amyloid precusor protein (APP+) or transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF+). Age-related impairments and their in vitro reversibility were evaluated, and underlying pathogenic mechanisms were assessed and compared with those seen in AD brains. Vasoconstrictions to 5-HT and endothelin-1 were preserved, except in the oldest (18-21 months of age) TGF+ mice. Despite unaltered relaxations to sodium nitroprusside, acetylcholine (ACh) and calcitonin gene-related peptide-mediated dilatations were impaired, and there was an age-related deficit in the basal availability of nitric oxide (NO) that progressed more gradually in TGF+ mice. The expression and progression of these deficits were unrelated to the onset or extent of thioflavin-S-positive vessels. Manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) was upregulated in pial vessels and around brain microvessels of APP+ mice, pointing to a role of superoxide in the dysfunctions elicited by amyloidosis. In contrast, vascular wall remodeling associated with decreased levels of endothelial NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 and increased contents of vascular endothelial growth factor and collagen-I and -IV characterized TGF+ mice. Exogenous SOD or catalase normalized ACh dilatations and NO availability in vessels from aged APP+ mice but had no effect in those of TGF+ mice. Increased perivascular oxidative stress was not evidenced in AD brains, but vascular wall alterations compared well with those seen in TGF+ mice. We conclude that brain vessel remodeling and associated alterations in levels of vasoactive signaling molecules are key contributors to AD cerebrovascular dysfunctions.
Design of a pitch synchronous innovation CELP coder for mobile communications (1995)

This paper describes the design of a speech coder called pitch synchronous innovation CELP (PSI-CELP) for low hit-rate mobile communications. PSI-CELP is based on CELP, but has more adaptive excitation structures. In voiced frames, instead of conventional random excitation vectors, PSI-CELP converts even the random excitation vectors to have pitch periodicity by repeating stored random vectors as well as by using an adaptive codebook, in silent, unvoiced, and transient frames, the coder stops using the adaptive codebook and switches to fixed random codebooks. The PSI-CELP coder also implements novel structures and techniques: an FIR-type perceptual weighting filter using unquantized LPC parameters, a random codebook with a conjugate structure trained to be robust against channel errors, codebook search with delayed decision, a gain quantization with sloped amplitude, and a moving average prediction coding of LSP parameters, Our speech coder is implemented by DSP chips. Its coded speech quality at 3.6 kb/s with 2.0 kb/s redundancy is comparable to that of the Japanese full-rate VSELP coder at 6.7 kb/s with 4.5 kb/s redundancy. The basic structure of this PSI-CELP coder has been chosen as the Japanese half-rate speech codec for digital cellular telecommunications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Einführung (1990)

Uberfremdungsangst, Ausländerfeindlichkeit, Anwerbestopp und finanzielle Rückkehrhilfen sind Stichworte aus der öffentlichen und politischen Diskussion, die, so bleibt zu hoffen, weniger bekannt sind als Integration oder Eingliederung. Gleichwohl, optimistische Prognosen im Hinblick auf die künftigen Aufenthalts- und Beschäftigungs-möglichkeiten für Ausländer in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland sind fehl am Platz. Folgt man KERN/SCHUMANN (1984), die sich seit Mitte der 60iger Jahre kontinuierlich mit arbeitspolitischen Fragen im industriellen Bereich befassen, so sind auch die Zukunftsaussichten für ausländische Industriearbeiter vor dem Hintergrund aktueller Technologieentwicklungen pessimistisch zu beurteilen. Ausgehend von Feldbeobachtungen in verschiedenen Branchen (Automobilindustrie, Werkzeugmaschinenbau und chemische Industrie) sprechen die Autoren von 'neuen Produktionskonzepten'.
Macro-encapsulation of heat storage phase-change materials for use in residential buildings. Second quarterly progress report, December 29, 1976--March 29, 1977 (1977)

Objectives of the work are to assess the feasibility of macro-encapsulated phase change materials (PCM's) for residential solar systems and to develop and evaluate such materials. Encapsulant materials under consideration are multilayer flexible plastic films, steel cans, and plastic bottles. PCM's under study are Mg(NO/sub 3/)/sub 2/.6H/sub 2/O, naphthalene-benzoic acid eutectic, stearic acid, Mg(NO/sub 3/)/sub 2/.6H/sub 2/O-NH/sub 4/NO/sub 3/ eutectic, and CaCl/sub 2/.6H/sub 2/O. Compatibility studies between the PCM's and encapsulant materials are underway. A test device has been designed and is under construction.
A NEURAL NET FOR 2D-SLOPE AND SINUSOIDAL SHAPE DETECTION (2014)

2D-slope and sinusoidal shape detection are application specific tasks which are widely discussed in the literature. A neural network is presented which is able to learn a set of different slopes or a set of sinusoids of different frequencies and to detect test patterns after the training stage. The neural net is composed of input neurons, delay neurons and output neurons. The delay neurons form a set of tapped delay lines. Each delay line adapts to its specific signal propagation velocity. The signal propagation velocity vector field of the delay lines is learned by collectively tuning the signal propagation velocities. The neural net is fed with a set of spatiotemporal training patterns, such as bars of different slopes or sinusoids of different frequencies. After training, the net is tested with a random set of 2D- patterns. Unsupervised learning with a Boltzmann temperature term is assumed.
Recent Advances in Catalytic Conversion of Ethanol to Chemicals (2014)

With increased availability and decreased cost, ethanol is potentially a promising platform molecule for the production of a variety of value-added chemicals. In this review, we provide a detailed summary of recent advances in catalytic conversion of ethanol to a wide range of chemicals and fuels. We particularly focus on catalyst advances and fundamental understanding of reaction mechanisms involved in ethanol steam reforming (ESR) to produce hydrogen, ethanol conversion to hydrocarbons ranging from light olefins to longer chain alkenes/alkanes and aromatics, and ethanol conversion to other oxygenates including 1-butanol, acetaldehyde, acetone, diethyl ether, and ethyl acetate.
Comparison of laser triangulation, phase shift triangulation and swept source optical coherence Tomography for nondestructive inspection of objects with micrometric accuracy (2019)

We compare the performance of laser triangulation, phase shift triangulation and swept source optical coherence tomography (SSOCT) for quantitative nondestructive inspection. Measurement accuracies of these three optical 3D imaging techniques can be reduced to a few tens of micrometers or less, making it possible to locate and geometrically characterize defects at the micrometric scale. We consider surfaces with different optical properties and we discuss the ability of these techniques to reconstruct the surface profiles. For opaque surfaces, the three techniques provide very similar results. For semi-transparent and transparent surfaces, the accuracy achieved by SSOCT relies on the capability of detecting, selecting and classifying peaks in each axial scan (A-scan), while the performance of triangulation techniques depend on several parameters including the sensitivity and the exposition time of the camera, the positioning of the system in relation to the surface, etc. Based on these facts, a prospective discussion is attempted on the possibility to combine SSOCT and phase shift triangulation for quantitative surface inspection of objects as well as for internal geometrical characterization of semi-transparent and transparent objects.
Adjuvant narrow band UVB improves the efficacy of oral azithromycin for the treatment of moderate to severe inflammatory facial acne vulgaris (2014)

NBUVB plus oral azithromycin is more effective than oral azithromycin alone for treating papular lesions of inflammatory AV. NBUVB is certainly a viable adjunct in acne therapy.
Detection of Fimbrial and Toxin Genes in<i>Escherichia coli</i>and their Prevalence in Piglets with Diarrhoea. The Application of Colony Hybridization Assay, Polymerase Chain Reaction and Phenotypic Assays (1994)

Two different genotypic methods, colony hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), were applied to detect enterotoxin, verotoxin and fimbrial genes in 708 Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains from piglets with diarrhoea. The results were compared with those obtained by phenotypic methods. DNA fragments specific for each of the enterotoxins LT, STa and STb, the verotoxins VT1, VT2 and VT2v, and for each of the fimbrial genes K88 (F4), K99 (F5), 987P (F6), F41 and F107, respectively, were used as probes in a colony hybridization assay of the E. coli strains. A PCR assay was used as genotypic test for the verotoxin gene. An Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using monoclonal antibodies was performed to test for the presence of K88 and K99 fimbriae, and a Vero cell test was performed to test for verotoxin production. Toxin detection kits were applied to detect the E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) and the heat-stable (STa) enterotoxin. The correlation between the results obtained by genotypic and phenotypic methods was 97.7-100%. The prevalence of the different fimbrial and toxin genes in E. coli strains from piglets with neonatal and postweaning diarrhoea were recorded. The verotoxin and the fimbrial F107 genes were found to be more frequent in postweaning E. coli strains than in neonatal E. coli strains.
A study of chemical structure of soft and hardwood and wood polymers by FTIR spectroscopy (1999)

Hard and softwood and wood constituent polymers (cellulose and lignin) were studied using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The hollocellulose-to-lignin ratio was estimated for some of the timber species. The structural difference between Klason lignin isolated from softwood (Pinus roxberghii and cupressus lusitanica) and hard wood (Acacia auriculaeformis and Eucalyptus tereticornis) species was studied. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 71: 1969–1975, 1999
Remarkable Formation of N<sub>2</sub> from a Chinese Lignite during Coal Pyrolysis (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTRemarkable Formation of N2 from a Chinese Lignite during Coal PyrolysisZhiheng Wu and Yasuo OhtsukaView Author Information Research Center for Carbonaceous Resources, Institute for Chemical Reaction Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-77, Japan Cite this: Energy Fuels 1996, 10, 6, 1280–1281Publication Date (Web):November 20, 1996Publication History Received25 March 1996Revised20 August 1996Published online20 November 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef960050ihttps://doi.org/10.1021/ef960050irapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views238Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Coal,Minerals,Nitrogen,Pyrolysis,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
Differences in phosphorylation of formylpeptide and C5a chemoattractant receptors correlate with differences in desensitization. (1993)

To define the regulation of chemoattractant receptors, epitope-tagged human formyl peptide and C5a receptor cDNAs (ET-FR and ET-C5aR) were stably expressed in rat basophilic leukemia, RBL-2H3 cells. An antibody (12CA5) specific to "ET" was used to immunoprecipitate ET-FR and ET-C5aR. fMLP and C5a caused time- and dose-dependent phosphorylation of their respective receptors. Phosphorylated ET-FR migrated as a single broad band between 50 and 70 kDa on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, whereas ET-C5aR exhibited both fast (39-45 kDa) and broadly (39-52 kDa) migrating forms. Fast form phosphorylation alone was observed at low concentrations of C5a (0.001-0.01 microM), or at early times (5-30 s) with a higher concentration of C5a (0.1 microM). Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, thrombin, or antigen caused no phosphorylation of ET-FR but stimulated exclusively fast form phosphorylation of ET-C5aR. The protein kinase C inhibitor staurosporine did not inhibit phosphorylation of ET-FR but blocked the fast migrating component of phosphorylated ET-C5aR. Homologous desensitization correlated with ligand-induced phosphorylation of both receptors. Of note, ET-C5aR but not ET-FR underwent heterologous desensitization by antigen, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, and thrombin. The data suggest that protein kinase C mediates heterologous phosphorylation and desensitization of C5aR but not FR, yet, both receptors are homologously desensitized by a staurosporine-resistant kinase.
BIM-23A760, a chimeric molecule directed towards somatostatin and dopamine receptors, vs universal somatostatin receptors ligands in GH-secreting pituitary adenomas partial responders to octreotide. (2005)

We report the comparative efficacy of a somatostatin receptor 1 and 5 subtypes (SSTR2 and SSTR5), and dopamine D2 (DAD2) compound, BIM-23A760, in suppressing GH secretion, in cell culture from human GH-secreting tumors, from patients partially responsive to long-term treatments with octreotide or lanreotide. In 18 tumors tested, the SSTR2, SSTR5, and DAD2 mRNAs were coexpressed. The SSTR2-selective analog, BIM-23197, the SSTR5-selective analog, BIM-23268, and the dopamine (DA) analog, BIM-53097, produced a mean maximal suppression of GH secretion (24 +/- 3, 20 +/- 3, and 20 +/- 3%, respectively) that was similar to that obtained with octreotide (23 +/- 3%). Nevertheless, based on individual responses, 60% of the tumors were mostly sensitive to the SSTR2 analog while 19 and 21% of the tumors were mainly responsive to the SSTR5 analog and to the DA analog, respectively. Among a series of new chimeric compounds that bind the SSTR2, SSTR5, and DAD2 receptors with variable affinities, BIM-23A760 produced greater maximal suppression of GH secretion than octreotide (38 +/- 2 vs 24 +/- 2%; p<0.03). The EC50 for BIM-23A760 was 2 pmol/l. In the presence of sulpride, the dose response inhibition of GH secretion by the trihybrid molecule, BIM-23A760, was partially reversed. The trihybrid produced also a maximal suppression of PRL greater than octreotide (74 +/- 5 vs 46 +/- 11%). When SSTRs pan inhibitors such as BIM-23A779 (binding affinity for SSTR1, SSTR2, SSTR3, SSTR5, respectively: 2.5, 0.3, 0.6, 0.6 nmol/l) or SOM230 were tested for their suppressive effects on GH secretion, they were less potent than the previous dopastatin hybrid molecule. After a brief exposure to a SSTR2-selective analog, BIM-23197, or to a DA analog, BIM-53097, the maximal GH suppression was achieved during 12 h. Under exposure to BIM-23A760, in the same conditions, maximal suppression of GH secretion lasted for 24 h. Such a longer biological effect, yet not explained, probably participates in the higher efficacy of BIM-23A760. The higher efficacy of BIM-23A760 is, at least partially, linked to its high affinity for the SSTR2 receptor subtype (IC50: 3 pmol/l). As compared to the dopastatin compound, the lower efficacy of the universal somatostatin ligands in the inhibition of GH secretion of GH-secreting tumors argues for the use of drugs targeted, according to specific receptors expression and functionality which may vary among the various classes of tumors.
Brain- and Heart-Type Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins in the Brain: Tissue Distribution and Clinical Utility (2004)

B-FABP and H-FABP patterns differ among brain tissues, with the highest concentrations in the frontal lobe and pons, respectively. However, in each part of the brain, the H-FABP concentration was at least 10 times higher than that of B-FABP. Patient studies indicate that B-FABP and H-FABP are more sensitive markers for minor brain injury than the currently used markers S100B and NSE.
Phosphorus sorption capacity of alkaline Manitoba soils and its relationship to soil properties (2005)

The establishment of the P retention capacity of soil in Manitoba is essential for effective management of P in the region. However, the methods for determining the P retention capacity for neutral to calcareous soils in the Eastern Prairies are not well developed. The objectives of this study were to determine the P retention capacity of Manitoba soils and to generate equations that relate these capacities to other soil properties. One hundred and fifteen archived surface soils were selected and their physico-chemical properties were measured. These soils were used to generate a single-point P adsorption index by equilibrating 2 g of soil in 20 mL of 0.01 M KCl solution containing either 150 (P 150 ) or 400 (P 400 ) mg P L -1 . A subset of 26 of these soils was used for multipoint isotherms with P concentrations in the range of 0–1000 mg P L -1 . The data obtained were fitted to the Langmuir isotherm and the adsorption indices were correlated with the various soil properties that were then used to developed predictive equations of the P retention capacity of the soil. The values of the adsorption index, P 150 , obtained from the single point adsorption study using 150 mg P L -1 , ranged between 88 and 891 mg P kg -1 , while that of P 400 ranged between 100 and 1250 mg P kg -1 . A better correlation was obtained between P 150 and soil properties compared with P 400 . For the 26 soil subset, the adsorption indices, S max1 to S max 6 , obtained from the Langmuir isotherm, ranged from 300 to 1330 mg kg -1 . A good correlation was obtained between the single point index and the multipoint isotherm (r = 0.93). Hence, S max for the 115 soils was estimated from the relationship between P 150 and S max 3 of the 26 soils. The best relationships between the adsorption parameters, P 150 and S max , and the soil properties were obtained with the sum of Mehlich-3 extractable Ca and Mg (R2= 0.66) and the sum of exchangeable Ca and Mg (R 2 = 0.64). Mehlich-3-Ca and -Mg each explained 56% of the variation, while clay content explained 40% of the variation in the P retention capacity of these soils. Unlike the widely reported influence of Al and Fe in acid soils, our study showed that the retention of P in Manitoba soils was influenced more by Ca and Mg and soil texture. Key words: Phosphorus, phosphorus retention capacity, phosphorus adsorption capacity, phosphorus sorption, single-point index
An ultra-laminar tetrode gun for high duty cycle applications (1979)

This paper describes a high convergence Pierce gun having beam laminarity essentially equal to that of ungridded guns and which is capable of duty cycles well in excess of triode intercepting gridded guns. Since current is drawn more uniformly from 100% of the open area between the grid wires in the tetrode gun, cathode loading is significantly less per total unit area than either standard or contiguous shadow gridded guns. Theoretical and beam analyzer studies, and hot testing of a high power pulsed IJ band helix TWT have confirmed that there is a profound performance improvement as the two control grid voltages in the tetrode gun are trimmed. The adjustable grid wire lens elements enable optimization of beam diameter and laminarity, and account for variations in tolerances. A simple self-biasing network can be included within the tube package for operation by a conventional grid pulse modulator.
Departure from Navier-Stokes hydrodynamics in confined liquids (1997)

In this work we use nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) to simulate an atomic liquid undergoing gravity-fed flow down a narrow channel. We compare the simulation results against the predictions of classical Navier-Stokes theory for two different channel widths. For a channel width of 5.1 molecular diameters, we find that the velocity profile deviates significantly from the hydrodynamic prediction. The shape of this velocity profile is found to be independent of the applied field (pressure gradient). We find that the heat flux profile does not agree with the cubic profile predicted by Navier-Stokes hydrodynamics, but shows significant oscillations located about one molecular diameter from the walls. This result differs from the earlier work of Todd and Evans [B. D. Todd and D. J. Evans, J. Chem. Phys. 103, 9804 (1995)], in which an assumption of a purely quadratic velocity profile resulted in very weak oscillations in the heat flux. We find that in narrow channels the viscosity cannot be described by a linear, local constitutive relation. However, classical Navier-Stokes behavior is approached for a channel width of >\ensuremath{\sim}10 molecular diameters.