gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Methionine-dependence and combination chemotherapy on human gastric cancer cells<i>in vitro</i> (2002)

Human primary gastric cancer cells in vitro are Met-dependent; however, gastric mucosal cells have not shown the same characteristics. Met(-)Hcy(+) environment may strengthen the killing effect of chemotherapy on human primary gastric cancer cells.
Hypericins as Potential Leads for New Therapeutics (2010)

70 years have passed since the first isolation of the naphthodianthrones hypericin and pseudohypericin from Hypericum perforatum L. Today, they continue to be one of the most promising group of polyphenols, as they fascinate with their physical, chemical and important biological properties which derive from their unique chemical structure. Hypericins and their derivatives have been extensively studied mainly for their antitumor, antiviral and antidepressant properties. Notably, hypericin is one of the most potent naturally occurring photodynamic agents. It is able to generate the superoxide anion and a high quantum yield of singlet oxygen that are considered to be primarily responsible for its biological effects. The prooxidant photodynamic properties of hypericin have been exploited for the photodynamic therapy of cancer (PDT), as hypericin, in combination with light, very effectively induces apoptosis and/or necrosis of cancer cells. The mechanism by which these activities are expressed continues to be a main topic of discussion, but according to scientific data, different modes of action (generation of ROS & singlet oxygen species, antiangiogenesis, immune responces) and multiple molecular pathways (intrinsic/extrinsic apoptotic pathway, ERK inhibition) possibly interrelating are implicated. The aim of this review is to analyse the most recent advances (from 2005 and thereof) in the chemistry and biological activities (in vitro and in vivo) of the pure naphthodianthrones, hypericin and pseudohypericin from H. perforatum. Extracts from H. perforatum were not considered, nor pharmakokinetic or clinical data. Computerised literature searches were performed using the Medline (PubMed), ChemSciFinder and Scirus Library databases. No language restrictions were imposed.
Assessment of trabecular bone microarchitecture by two different x‐ray microcomputed tomographs: A comparative study of the rat distal tibia using Skyscan and Scanco devices (2009)

Important aspects of modern skeletal research depend on the phenotypical characterization of trabecular bone microarchitecture as assessed by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Until now, however, there have been no studies which compare the two most commonly utilized micro-CT devices, namely, Skyscan and Scanco. The purpose of the current study was to examine the reproducibility and accuracy of these two micro-CT devices in comparison to traditional histomorphometry in ovariectomized rats treated with either propranolol, salbutamol, or vehicle. 6 month old female Wistar rats were ovariectomized (n = 48) or sham operated (n = 12). OVX rats were divided into four groups and then subcutaneously injected with propranolol 0.1 mg/kg/day, propranolol 20 mg/kg/day, salbutamol 3 mg/kg/day, or vehicle for 10 weeks. At sacrifice, the left tibial trabecular bone microarchitecture was analyzed using both the micro-CT Skyscan 1072 (ex vivo) and Scanco vivaCT40 (in vivo). Histomorphometric analysis was performed on the right proximal tibia. Comparisons between the different methods were performed using regression analysis, Bland-Altman, Passing-Bablock, and Mountain plots. Correlations were highly significant for all parameters measured between the two micro-CT instruments and were less significant between histomorphometry and micro-CT measurements taken from either the Skyscan or Scanco apparatus. Micro-CT overestimated bone volume compared to histomorphometry. In the ovariectomized rat model, the two micro-CT instruments revealed the same difference between groups whereas histomorphometry revealed only the difference which displayed the largest disparity between groups. In regards to the comparison between the two micro-CT devices, Mountain plot methods indicated that BV/TV, BS/BV, and TbSp were equivalent, whereas a systematic bias was observed for TbN and TbTh. The authors were also able to describe the routine method used to determine the threshold between the two micro-CT devices, which may help explain these differences. While some minor differences in the absolute values of the morphometry parameters exist between the micro-CT measurements from the Skyscan and Scanco instruments, both of these devices display a high degree of accuracy and reproducibility.
Proliferative and cytotoxic effects of mildly oxidized low-density lipoproteins on vascular smooth-muscle cells (1995)

We have investigated the role of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation in the proliferative effect of LDLs on cultured bovine aortic smooth-muscle cells and compared it with their effect on bovine aortic endothelial cells. The following conclusions were reached. (1) Non-toxic doses of mildly oxidized LDLs elicit a proliferative effect on smooth-muscle cells significantly higher than that of native LDLs or lipoprotein-depleted serum. The proliferative effect is dependent on time (relatively slow), dose (high doses are cytotoxic) and the level of LDL oxidation. (2) The proliferative effect on smooth-muscle cells is counterbalanced at high concentrations of mildly oxidized LDLs (or at high oxidation levels) by their cytotoxic effect. (3) The same dose of mildly oxidized LDLs exhibits no proliferative effect on endothelial cells but rather a cytotoxic one. Endothelial cells may therefore be intrinsically more susceptible to the cytotoxic effect of mildly oxidized LDLs than are smooth-muscle cells. (4) The proliferative effect of native LDLs on smooth-muscle cells results (at least in part) from cell-induced LDL oxidation during cell culture as suggested by (i) the progressive LDL oxidation over the 3 days of contact between LDLs and smooth-muscle cells and (ii) the concomitant inhibition of LDL oxidation and proliferative effect by butylated hydroxytoluene. The hypothetical mechanisms and potential involvement in atherogenesis are discussed.
N-acetylcysteine and sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate as sources of urinary thiol groups in the rat. (1984)

Increasing the urinary output of free thiol groups protects against cyclophosphamide-induced bladder toxicity. In the present study, intact rats, isolated perfused kidneys, and freshly isolated cells from various rat organs are used to compare the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine and sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate (mesna) as sources of urinary thiols. In intact rats given a single i.v. dose of mesna, urinary thiol output is approximately 10-fold higher than in rats given an equimolar dose of N-acetylcysteine. this is partly due to the fact that N-acetylcysteine is rapidly absorbed by various types of cells, whereas mesna is transported selectively to the kidney, and partly to different renal handling of the two compounds. The results suggest that mesna is a more favorable drug than N-acetylcysteine for increasing urinary thiol excretion.
Reappraisal of solid selective emitters (2002)

A simple model was used to calculate the efficiency of rare earth oxide emitters. Results indicate that the emission band of the selective emitter must be at relatively low energy (<or=0.52 eV) to obtain maximum efficiency at moderate emitter temperatures (<or=1500 K). Thus, low-bandgap-energy PV (photovoltaic) materials are required to obtain an efficient thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system. Of the four specific rare earths (Nd, Ho, Er, Yb) studied, Ho has the largest efficiency at moderate temperatures (72% at 1500 K). A comparison was made between a selective emitter TPV system and a TPV system that uses a thermal emitter plus a bandpass filter to make the thermal emitter behave like a selective emitter. Results of the comparison indicate that only for very optimistic filter and thermal emitter properties will the filter TPV system have a greater efficiency than the selective emitter system.<<ETX>>
ecp: An R Package for Nonparametric Multiple Change Point Analysis of Multivariate Data (2013)

There are many different ways in which change point analysis can be performed, from purely parametric methods to those that are distribution free. The ecp package is designed to perform multiple change point analysis while making as few assumptions as possible. While many other change point methods are applicable only for univariate data, this R package is suitable for both univariate and multivariate observations. Estimation can be based upon either a hierarchical divisive or agglomerative algorithm. Divisive estimation sequentially identifies change points via a bisection algorithm. The agglomerative algorithm estimates change point locations by determining an optimal segmentation. Both approaches are able to detect any type of distributional change within the data. This provides an advantage over many existing change point algorithms which are only able to detect changes within the marginal distributions.
Integrated geophysical‐petrological modeling of the lithosphere and sublithospheric upper mantle: Methodology and applications (2008)

A combined geophysical‐petrological methodology to study the thermal, compositional, density, and seismological structure of lithospheric/sublithospheric domains is presented. A new finite‐element code (LitMod) is used to produce 2‐D forward models from the surface to the 410‐km discontinuity. The code combines data from petrology, mineral physics, and geophysical observables within a self‐consistent framework. The final result is a lithospheric/sublithospheric model that simultaneously fits all geophysical observables and consequently reduces the uncertainties associated with the modeling of these observables alone or in pairs, as is commonly done. The method is illustrated by applying it to both oceanic and continental domains. We show that anelastic attenuation and uncertainties in seismic data make it unfeasible to identify compositional variations in the lithospheric mantle from seismic studies only. In the case of oceanic lithosphere, plates with thermal thicknesses of 105 ± 5 km satisfy geophysical and petrological constraints. We find that Vp are more sensitive to phase transitions than Vs, particularly in the case of the spinel‐garnet transition. A low‐velocity zone with absolute velocities and gradients comparable to those observed below ocean basins is an invariable output of our oceanic models, even when no melt effects are included. In the case of the Archean subcontinental lithospheric mantle, we show that “typical” depleted compositions (and their spatial distribution) previously thought to be representative of these mantle sections are compatible neither with geophysical nor with petrological data. A cratonic keel model consisting of (1) strongly depleted material (i.e., dunitic/harzburgitic) in the first 100–160 km depth and (2) less depleted (approximately isopycnic) lower section extending down to 220–300 km depth is necessary to satisfy elevation, geoid, SHF, seismic velocities, and petrological constraints. This highly depleted (viscous) upper layer, and its chemical isolation, may play a key role in the longevity and stability of cratons.
The Determination of Iron in Terphenyl by X-Ray Emission Spectroscopy (1962)

A rapid, simple method using x-ray emission spectroscopy has been developed for the determination of iron in terphenyl with a limit of detection of 2 μg Fe/g of terphenyl. Terphenyl is an organic compound being considered for use in nuclear reactors. In the pure state it is solid at room temperature. Samples as received for analysis usually contain tars with the result that the sample is a very viscous liquid at room temperature. Chemical analysis involves careful ashing of large amounts of sample requiring several hrs. The major problem in developing an x-ray method was the preparation of satisfactory, homogeneous standards to be used in producing a calibration curve. This was solved by dissolving the cupferron complex of iron in the terphenyl and then determining the iron in the solution by x-ray spectroscopy.
Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 regulates human glioma cell growth via prostaglandin E2–dependent activation of type II protein kinase A (2006)

Dysregulation of enzymes involved in prostaglandin biosynthesis plays a critical role in influencing the biological behavior and clinical outcome of several tumors. In human gliomas, overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 has been linked to increased aggressiveness and poor prognosis. In contrast, the role of prostaglandin E synthase in influencing the biological behavior of human gliomas has not been established. We report that constitutive expression of the microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) is associated with increased prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production and stimulation of growth in the human astroglioma cell line U87-MG compared with human primary astrocytes. Consistently, pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of mPGES-1 activity and expression blocked the release of PGE(2) from U87-MG cells and decreased their proliferation. Conversely, exogenous PGE(2) partially overcame the antiproliferative effects of mPGES-1 inhibition and stimulated U87-MG cell proliferation in the absence of mPGES-1 inhibitors. The EP2/EP4 subtype PGE(2) receptors, which are linked to stimulation of adenylate cyclase, were expressed in U87-MG cells to a greater extent than in human astrocytes. PGE(2) increased cyclic AMP levels and stimulated protein kinase A (PKA) activity in U87-MG cells. Treatment with a selective type II PKA inhibitor decreased PGE(2)-induced U87-MG cell proliferation, whereas a selective type I PKA inhibitor had no effect. Taken together, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that mPGES-1 plays a critical role in promoting astroglioma cell growth via PGE(2)-dependent activation of type II PKA.
Alternative Splicing Regulated by Butyrate in Bovine Epithelial Cells (2012)

As a signaling molecule and an inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs), butyrate exerts its impact on a broad range of biological processes, such as apoptosis and cell proliferation, in addition to its critical role in energy metabolism in ruminants. This study examined the effect of butyrate on alternative splicing in bovine epithelial cells using RNA-seq technology. Junction reads account for 11.28 and 12.32% of total mapped reads between the butyrate-treated (BT) and control (CT) groups. 201,326 potential splicing junctions detected were supported by ≥ 3 junction reads. Approximately 94% of these junctions conformed to the consensus sequence (GT/AG) while ~3% were GC/AG junctions. No AT/AC junctions were observed. A total of 2,834 exon skipping events, supported by a minimum of 3 junction reads, were detected. At least 7 genes, their mRNA expression significantly affected by butyrate, also had exon skipping events differentially regulated by butyrate. Furthermore, COL5A3, which was induced 310-fold by butyrate (FDR <0.001) at the gene level, had a significantly higher number of junction reads mapped to Exon#8 (Donor) and Exon#11 (Acceptor) in BT. This event had the potential to result in the formation of a COL5A3 mRNA isoform with 2 of the 69 exons missing. In addition, 216 differentially expressed transcript isoforms regulated by butyrate were detected. For example, Isoform 1 of ORC1 was strongly repressed by butyrate while Isoform 2 remained unchanged. Butyrate physically binds to and inhibits all zinc-dependent HDACs except HDAC6 and HDAC10. Our results provided evidence that butyrate also regulated deacetylase activities of classical HDACs via its transcriptional control. Moreover, thirteen gene fusion events differentially affected by butyrate were identified. Our results provided a snapshot into complex transcriptome dynamics regulated by butyrate, which will facilitate our understanding of the biological effects of butyrate and other HDAC inhibitors.
Polyethylene oxide film coating enhances lithium cycling efficiency of an anode-free lithium-metal battery (2018)

The practical implementation of an anode-free lithium-metal battery with promising high capacity is hampered by dendrite formation and low coulombic efficiency. Most notably, these challenges stem from non-uniform lithium plating and unstable SEI layer formation on the bare copper electrode. Herein, we revealed the homogeneous deposition of lithium and effective suppression of dendrite formation using a copper electrode coated with a polyethylene oxide (PEO) film in an electrolyte comprising 1 M LiTFSI, DME/DOL (1/1, v/v) and 2 wt% LiNO3. More importantly, the PEO film coating promoted the formation of a thin and robust SEI layer film by hosting lithium and regulating the inevitable reaction of lithium with the electrolyte. The modified electrode exhibited stable cycling of lithium with an average coulombic efficiency of ∼100% over 200 cycles and low voltage hysteresis (∼30 mV) at a current density of 0.5 mA cm-2. Moreover, we tested the anode-free battery experimentally by integrating it with an LiFePO4 cathode into a full-cell configuration (Cu@PEO/LiFePO4). The new cell demonstrated stable cycling with an average coulombic efficiency of 98.6% and capacity retention of 30% in the 200th cycle at a rate of 0.2C. These impressive enhancements in cycle life and capacity retention result from the synergy of the PEO film coating, high electrode-electrolyte interface compatibility, stable polar oligomer formation from the reduction of 1,3-dioxolane and the generation of SEI-stabilizing nitrite and nitride upon lithium nitrate reduction. Our result opens up a new route to realize anode-free batteries by modifying the copper anode with PEO to achieve ever more demanding yet safe interfacial chemistry and control of dendrite formation.
Scaling down: applying large vocabulary hybrid HMM-MLP methods to telephone recognition of digits and natural numbers (2002)

The hybrid hidden Markov model (HMM)/neural network (NN) speech recognition system at the International Computer Science Institute (ICSI) uses a single hidden layer multilayer perceptron (MLP) to compute emission probabilities of HMM states. This phoneme-based recognition approach was developed for large vocabulary size continuous speech recognition. In this paper, however, such a recognition scheme is applied directly to much smaller vocabulary size corpora, such as the Spoken Language Understanding Numbers'93 database and the TI connected digits. The authors report on the development of small baseline systems to facilitate all future research experiments, and also on the use of these systems for experiments in context-dependent hybrid HMM-MLP systems.
Design of robust control for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems (2001)

The stabilization of a class of uncertain nonlinear systems is considered in this paper. When assuming that the system had robust relative degree n, there exists a diffeomorphism that transforms the system into the controllability canonical form. On assumption of the existence of boundedness of uncertainties in the system, a robust control scheme is proposed, which guarantees the closed loop system to converge exponentially with a prescribed degree toward a residual ball abound the equilibrium. A simulation for cart pendulum system illustrating described is carriedout.
Improving cache locality by a combination of loop and data transformations (1999)

Exploiting locality of reference is key to realizing high levels of performance on modern processors. This paper describes a compiler algorithm for optimizing cache locality in scientific codes on uniprocessor and multiprocessor machines. A distinctive characteristic of our algorithm is that it considers loop and data layout transformations in a unified framework. Our approach is very effective at reducing cache misses and can optimize some nests for which optimization techniques based on loop transformations alone are not successful. An important special case is one in which data layouts of some arrays are fixed and cannot be changed. We show how our algorithm can accommodate this case and demonstrate how it can be used to optimize multiple loop nests. Experiments on several benchmarks show that the techniques presented in this paper result in substantial improvement in cache performance.
Human Metapneumovirus Infection in Young Children Hospitalized With Respiratory Tract Disease (2006)

hMPV is a frequent cause of RTD in young children. hMPV/RSV coinfection is frequent and could be more severe than a single hMPV or RSV infection.
Frequency distributions of periodontal attachment loss Clinical and microbiological features (1986)

The present investigation attempted to determine if the pattern of past periodontal destruction could be concisely summarized, and related to other clinical and microbiological parameters. 61 subjects between the ages of 12 and 61 years with destructive periodontal disease were evaluated at 6 sites per tooth for redness, plaque, suppuration, bleeding on probing, pocket depth, and attachment level. The frequency distribution of baseline attachment level measurements was computed for each individual. A curve fitting algorithm was used to fit the frequency distribution to 1-, 2-, and 3-term normal distributions. The parameters of the fit could be used to summarize concisely all of the frequency distributions. 3 major patterns of attachment loss could be distinguished. Pattern I required a two-term distribution with localized destruction at less than 34% of sites and was further divided into 3 groups, depending on average attachment loss at diseased sites. The means of the second peak for the subgroups were 2.7, 5.3, and 8.6 mm, respectively. Pattern II exhibited more widespread disease (greater than 33% of sites affected) with multiple peaks in the frequency distribution requiring a 3-term distribution for satisfactory fit. However, a significant proportion of sites was not affected. Pattern III exhibited a single-peaked normal distribution in which virtually all sites were affected. Mean attachment levels of the peaks in this group ranged from 2.7 to 8.4 mm. 23 of the 61 subjects showed significant attachment loss at 1 or more sites during the course of bi-monthly monitoring, as determined by the tolerance method of analysis. Subgingival plaque samples were taken from these active sites and matched with control sites prior to therapy. The proportions of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus intermedius, and Eikenella corrodens were significantly elevated in active and control sites of subjects in groups II and III combined (the widespread disease groups), and proportions of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Propionibacterium acnes were elevated in active and control sites of the more localized disease group I subjects. Group I subjects showed a 13- to 15-fold decrease in hazard rates of periodontal sites after Widman flap surgery and systemic tetracycline, whereas groups II and III subjects showed 2-to 6-fold decreases.