gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
VOS-GAN: Adversarial Learning of Visual-Temporal Dynamics for Unsupervised Dense Prediction in Videos. (2018)

Recent GAN-based video generation approaches model videos as the combination of a time-independent scene component and a time-varying motion component, thus factorizing the generation problem into generating background and foreground separately. One of the main limitations of current approaches is that both factors are learned by mapping one source latent space to videos, which complicates the generation task as a single data point must be informative of both background and foreground content. In this paper we propose a GAN framework for video generation that, instead, employs two latent spaces in order to structure the generative process in a more natural way: 1) a latent space to generate the static visual content of a scene (background), which remains the same for the whole video, and 2) a latent space where motion is encoded as a trajectory between sampled points and whose dynamics are modeled through an RNN encoder (jointly trained with the generator and the discriminator) and then mapped by the generator to visual objects' motion. Additionally, we extend current video discrimination approaches by incorporating in the learning procedure motion estimation and, leveraging the peculiarity of the generation process, unsupervised pixel-wise dense predictions. Extensive performance evaluation showed that our approach is able to a) synthesize more realistic videos than state-of-the-art methods, b) learn effectively both local and global video dynamics, as demonstrated by the results achieved on a video action recognition task over the UCF-101 dataset, and c) accurately perform unsupervised video object segmentation on standard video benchmarks, such as DAVIS, SegTrack and F4K-Fish.
F‐Säuren: Eine bisher unbekannte Komponente der Phospholipide des Humanblutes (1988)

Abstract Furancarbonsäuren (F‐Säuren) 1 wurden jetzt auch im Blutplasma von Mensch und Rind nachgewiesen, wo sie als Phospholipide vorliegen.
A Facile Microwave Avenue to Electrochemiluminescent Two‐Color Graphene Quantum Dots (2012)

Abstract With the assistance of microwave irradiation, greenish‐yellow luminescent graphene quantum dots (gGQDs) with a quantum yield (QY) up to 11.7% are successfully prepared via cleaving graphene oxide (GO) under acid conditions. The cleaving and reduction processes are accomplished simultaneously using microwave treatment without additional reducing agent. When the gGQDs are further reduced with NaBH 4 , bright blue luminescent graphene quantum dots (bGQDs) are obtained with a QY as high as 22.9%. Both GQDs show well‐known excitation‐dependent PL behavior, which could be ascribed to the transition from the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) to the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) with a carbene‐like triplet ground state. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is observed from the graphene quantum dots for the first time, suggesting promising applications in ECL biosensing and imaging. The ECL mechanism is investigated in detail. Furthermore, a novel sensor for Cd 2+ is proposed based on Cd 2+ induced ECL quenching with cysteine (Cys) as the masking agent.
The reliability of polarographic oxygen measurements across gas permeable contact lenses. (1991)

A polarographic method of oxygen determination across contact lenses has been developed. A custom designed polarographic cell, with a platinum cathode and a silver anode was used to measure a series of specially prepared contact lens samples made from four gas permeable contact lens materials currently commercially available. On a series of measurements the polarographic current was shown to be highly repeatable without the need for a wet membrane between the lens and the cathode. A layer of solution was adequate. The greatest variability was found with the thinnest sample of the highest oxygen permeable material. The results were plotted using the resistance (L/Dk) of the readings against sample thickness. Three of the four examples showed a curvilinear function and the other a linear relationship relative to sample thickness. From these graphs the reciprocal of the slope of the curve at zero thickness gave the measured oxygen permeability of the material. The significance of this system towards setting up a standard for the measurement of oxygen permeability of contact lens materials is discussed.
Rotary resonance recoupling of dipolar interactions in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1988)

A new resonance effect in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is described. The effect involves a combination of magic-angle sample rotation with irradiation of a heteronuclear spin system at the Larmor frequency of one of the spin species. If the irradiation intensity is such as to establish a match between spin nutation and sample rotation, it is shown that the heteronuclear dipolar spin interaction is selectively reintroduced into the spectrum. This allows small dipolar coupling constants to be measured in the presence of large shielding anisotropies. Applications are anticipated for determination of internuclear distances in materials lacking long-range order, such as polycrystalline materials, polymers, and surfaces.
The Putative Zinc Finger of the Human Cytomegalovirus IE2 86-Kilodalton Protein Is Dispensable for DNA Binding and Autorepression, Thereby Demarcating a Concise Core Domain in the C Terminus of the Protein (2004)

The IE2 86-kDa gene product is an essential regulatory protein of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) with several functions, including transactivation, negative autoregulation, and cell cycle regulation. In order to understand the physiological significance of each of the IE2 functions, discriminating mutants of IE2 are required that can be tested in a viral background. However, no such mutants of IE2 are available, possibly reflecting structural peculiarities of the large and ill-defined C-terminal domain of IE2. Here, we revisited the C-terminal domain by analyzing IE2 mutants for transactivation, DNA binding, autoregulation, and cell cycle regulation in parallel. We found it to contain an unexpectedly concise core domain (amino acids 450 to 544) that is defined by its absolute sensitivity to any kind of mutation. In contrast, the region adjacent to the core (amino acids 290 to 449) generally tolerates mutations much better. Although it contributes more specific sequence information to distinct IE2 activities, none of the mutations analyzed abolished any particular function. The core is demarcated from the adjacent region by the putative zinc finger region (amino acids 428 to 452). Surprisingly, the deletion of the putative zinc finger region from IE2 revealed that this region is entirely dispensable for any of the IE2 functions tested here in transfection assays. Our work supports the view that the 100 amino acids of the core domain hold the key to most functions of IE2. A systematic, high-density mutational analysis of this region may identify informative mutants discriminating between various IE2 functions that can then be tested in a viral background.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) based on surface plasmon resonance coupling techniques (2011)

Surface plasmon resonance(SPR) can provide aremarkably enhanced electromagetic field aroundmetal surface.It is one of the enhancement models forexplaining surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)phonomenon.With the development of SERS theories and techniques,more and more studies referred to the configurations of the optical devices for coupling the excitation and radiation of SERS,including the prism-coupling,waveguide-coupling,and grating-couplingmodes.In this review,we will summarize the recent experimental improvements on the surface plasmon-coupled SERS.
Vertically-coupled MEMS microdisks for tunable optical delays and dynamic dispersion compensation (2005)

Rapidly tunable chromatic dispersion is realized by vertically-coupled microdisk resonators with MEMS-actuated deformable waveguides. Group delays (27 to 65 ps) and dispersions (185 to 1200 ps/nm) are continuously tuned by voltage (<35 V)
Effect of a selective aldosterone receptor antagonist in myocardial infarction (2001)

Myocardial infarction (MI) initiates adaptive tissue remodeling, which is essential for heart function (such as infarct healing) but is also important for maladaptive remodeling (for example, reactive fibrosis and left ventricular dilation). The effect of aldosterone receptor antagonism on these processes was evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rats using eplerenone, a selective aldosterone receptor antagonist. Infarct healing and left ventricular remodeling were evaluated at 3, 7, and 28 days after MI by determination of the diastolic pressure-volume relationship of the left ventricle, the infarct-thinning ratio, and the collagen-volume fraction. Eplerenone did not affect reparative collagen deposition as was evidenced by a similar collagen volume fraction in the infarcted myocardium between eplerenone and vehicle-treated groups at 7 and 28 days post-MI. In addition, the thinning ratio, which is an index of infarct expansion, was comparable between the eplerenone and vehicle-treated animals at 7 and 28 days post-MI. A protective effect of eplerenone was demonstrated at 28 days post-MI, where reactive fibrosis in the viable myocardium was reduced in eplerenone-treated animals compared with vehicle-treated animals. Thus aldosterone receptor antagonism does not retard infarct healing but rather protects against maladaptive responses after MI.
Surface Analysis of Carbon–Hydrogen Bonds in Diamondlike Carbon Films by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (2009)

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze the carbon–hydrogen bonds near the surfaces of two types of diamondlike carbon (DLC) film with different hydrogen distribution, which were prepared by the unbalanced magnetron sputtering (UBMS) and ionized deposition (ID) methods, respectively. Elastic recoil detection (ERD) analysis revealed that, in the UBMS films, hydrogen is distributed homogeneously along the depth axis, while in the ID film it is distributed inhomogeneously and concentrated at the surface. The C 1s spectra of the UBMS films with different hydrogen concentrations suggested that the spectra are decomposed into four components, corresponding to the carbon–hydrogen and carbon–carbon bonds of the sp2 and sp3 carbons. A correlation between the hydrogen concentrations obtained by the XPS and ERD analyses was observed. The C 1s spectrum of the ID film depended on the emission angle, suggesting that the carbon–hydrogen bonds concentrate at the surface. This result agreed with the ERD result. Both correlations suggested that XPS can analyze hydrogen as an atom bound to a carbon atom and be a comprehensive surface analytical tool for DLC films.
Impact of Surface-Active Compounds on Physicochemical and Oxidative Properties of Edible Oil (2007)

The physical properties of lipids can have a major influence on lipid oxidation reactions. Edible oils contain surface-active compounds and water that can form physical structures such as reverse micelles. This study used the fluorescence probe, 5-dodecanoylaminofluorescein (DAF), to study both the physical and the chemical properties of stripped corn oil containing oleic acid and phosphatidylcholine. The fluorescence intensity of DAF increased with increasing water concentration in the edible oil. The addition of oleic acid decreased DAF fluorescence due to the ability of the free fatty acid to decrease the pH of the aqueous phase of the bulk oil. Phosphatidylcholine increased DAF fluorescence due to its ability to increase DAF exposure to the aqueous phase. Oleic acid had no impact on interactions between DAF and water-soluble peroxyl radicals, while phosphatidylcholine decreased peroxyl radical degradation of DAF. These results suggest that DAF could be a useful analytical tool to study the impact of the aqueous environment of bulk oil on lipid oxidation.
Scheduling techniques for variable voltage low power designs (1997)

This paper presents an integer linear programming (ILP) model and a heuristic for the variable voltage scheduling problem. We present the variable voltage scheduling techniques that consider in turn timing constraints alone, resource constraints alone, and timing and resource constraints together for design space exploration. Experimental results show that our heuristic produces results competitive with those of the ILP method in a fraction of the run-time. The results also show that a wide range of design alternatives can be generated using our design space exploration method. Using different cost/delay combinations, power consumption in a single design can differ by as much as a factor of 6 when using mixed 3.3V and 5V supply voltages.
A solid-state arteriovenous oxygen difference analyzer for flowing whole blood (1977)

This communication describes a spectrophotometric device which determines the arteriovenous oxygen difference (a-v O2) on whole blood flowing through optical cuvettes. The instrument consists entirely of commercially available solid-state components, including the light sources, light-emitting diodes. When calibrated against conventional determinations of blood oxygen content, the output of the a-v O2 analyzer was shown to be highly linear and to be independent of total hemoglobin concentration. The electronic circuit, the theory of the measurement, and sources of error are described in detail.
Design of a Privacy-Preserving Decentralized File Storage with Financial Incentives (2017)

Surveys indicate that users are often afraid to entrust data to cloud storage providers, because these do not offer sufficient privacy. On the other hand, peer-2-peer-based privacy-preserving storage systems like Freenet suffer from a lack of contribution and storage capacity, since there is basically no incentive to contribute own storage capacity to other participants in the network. We address these contradicting requirements by a design which combines a distributed storage with a privacy-preserving blockchain-based payment system to create incentives for participation while maintaining user privacy. By following a Privacy-by-Design strategy integrating privacy throughout the whole system life cycle, we show that it is possible to achieve levels of privacy comparable to state-of-the-art distributed storage technologies, despite integrating a payment mechanism. Our results show that it is possible to combine storage contracts and payments in a privacy-preserving way. Further, our system design may serve as an inspiration for future similar architectures.
A hybrid GP/GA approach for co-evolving controllers and robot bodies to achieve fitness-specified tasks (2002)

Evolutionary approaches have been advocated to automate robot design. Some research work has shown the success of evolving controllers for the robots by genetic approaches. As we can observe, however, not only the controller but also the robot body itself can affect the behavior of the robot in a robot system. We develop a hybrid GP/GA approach to evolve both controllers and robot bodies to achieve behavior-specified tasks. In order to assess the performance of the developed approach, it is used to evolve a simulated agent, with its own controller and body, to do obstacle avoidance in the simulated environment. Experimental results show the promise of this work. In addition, the importance of co-evolving controllers and robot bodies is analyzed and discussed.
Theory of an efficient N*N passive optical star coupler (1991)

A method for configuring an efficient N*N optical passive star coupler is introduced. It makes the construction of a one-piece coupler possible and thus eliminates the excess loss problem associated with cascade couplers and reduces the structural complexity. The authors show that a 100% efficiency figure can be achieved through the entire array by using a properly designed space-varying refractive-index slab. The authors give a mathematical analysis of the space-varying refractive-index slab and examine spatial frequencies of the required refractive-index pattern. The authors demonstrate how the wave-mixing method can be utilized as one possible method of configuring such a slab, using a constant temporal optical frequency involving nonlinear media such as photorefractive crystals.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Rate-adaptive compressed-sensing and sparsity variance of biomedical signals (2015)

Biomedical signals exhibit substantial variance in their sparsity, preventing conventional a-priori open-loop setting of the compressed sensing (CS) compression factor. In this work, we propose, analyze, and experimentally verify a rate-adaptive compressed-sensing system where the compression factor is modified automatically, based upon the sparsity of the input signal. Experimental results based on an embedded sensor platform exhibit a 16.2% improvement in power consumption for the proposed rate-adaptive CS versus traditional CS with a fixed compression factor. We also demonstrate the potential to improve this number to 24% through the use of an ultra low power processor in our embedded system.
Novel Electron-Beam Molecular Resists with High Resolution and High Sensitivity for Nanometer Lithography (2004)

Abstract A novel class of chemically-amplified, electron-beam molecular resists for nanometer lithography were created. These molecular resists functioned as positive resists in the presence of an acid generator, exhibiting a high sensitivity of ≈2 μC cm−2 and enabling the fabrication of ≈25 nm line patterns.
Achievement of Targeted Saturation Values in Extremely Low Gestational Age Neonates Resuscitated With Low or High Oxygen Concentrations: A Prospective, Randomized Trial (2008)

Resuscitation can be safely initiated for extremely low gestational age neonates with a low fraction of inspired oxygen (approximately 30%), which then should be adjusted to the infant's needs, reducing the oxygen load to the neonate.
Parathyroid hormone and hydrochlorothiazide increase calcium transport by the luminal membrane of rabbit distal nephron segments through different pathways. (1994)

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of PTH on calcium (Ca2+) transport through the luminal membrane of proximal and distal rabbit tubule segments. Proximal tubule and distal tubule segment suspensions were incubated with the hormone, and the luminal membranes were subsequently purified. Incubation with 10(-8) M human PTH(1-34) strongly increased initial Ca2+ uptake by the distal membranes. The effect of PTH was dose dependent, with an apparent ED50 of 8.2 +/- 1.0 nM. We recently reported the presence of two kinetics of Ca2+ uptake by the distal luminal membranes. PTH affected exclusively the high affinity component, increasing the maximum velocity from 0.31 +/- 0.02 to 0.76 +/- 0.07 pmol/micrograms.10 sec (P < 0.001), and leaving the Michaelis-Menten constant Ca2+ unchanged. The addition of 500 microM hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) to the luminal membranes of distal tubules incubated with PTH further enhanced Ca2+ uptake. The effect of HCTZ was on the low affinity system. HCTZ (100 microM) enhanced the maximum velocity from 2.5 +/- 0.3 to 3.7 +/- 0.6 pmol/micrograms protein.10 sec (P < 0.01) without affecting the Michaelis-Menten constant. Whereas 1 microM nitrendipine alone did not affect Ca2+ transport by the distal tubule luminal membranes, the Ca2+ channel inhibitor completely abolished the effect of PTH. Conversely, 1 microM Bay K 8644 increased Ca2+ uptake by membranes from PTH-treated distal tubules but was ineffective in membranes from control tubules. Neither PTH nor nitrendipine nor Bay K 8644 had any effect on the luminal membranes from proximal tubules. These results suggest that: 1) the high affinity, low velocity Ca2+ transport system in the luminal membrane from distal cortical segments is sensitive to PTH; 2) the effects of nitrendipine and Bay K 8644 on Ca2+ uptake were observed only in membranes from tubules incubated with PTH; 3) this uptake is distinct from the thiazide-sensitive Ca2+ transport system; and 4) PTH does not influence Ca2+ transport by the luminal membrane of proximal tubules.
They Call It 'Teleological' (2012)

They Call It 'Teleological'
Characterization of a novel spermidine/spermine acetyltransferase, BltD, from Bacillus subtilis (1999)

Overexpression of the BltD gene in Bacillus subtilis causes acetylation of the polyamines spermidine and spermine. BltD is co-regulated with another gene, Blt, which encodes a multidrug export protein whose overexpression facilitates spermidine export [Woolridge, Vazquez-Laslop, Markham, Chevalier, Gerner and Neyfakh (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 8864-8866]. Here we show that BltD acetylates both spermidine and spermine at primary propyl amine moieties, with spermine being the preferred substrate. In the presence of saturating concentrations of acetyl CoA, BltD rapidly acetylates spermine at both the N1 and N12 positions. The Km (app) values for spermine, spermidine and N1-acetylspermine are ≤ 67, 200 and 1200 μM, respectively. Diamines ranging from 1,3-diaminopropane to 1,12-diaminododecane, monoacetylputrescine and N8-acetylspermidine were not substrates for BltD. Putrescine (1,4-diaminobutane) and N8-acetylspermidine were competitive inhibitors of spermidine acetylation by BltD, with Ki values of 0.25 and 5.76 mM, respectively. CoA competitively inhibited both spermidine and acetyl-CoA interactions with BltD. These data and other results indicate that the mechanism of spermidine and spermine acetylation by BltD is a random-order mechanism of bi-molecular kinetics.
Ensemble Semantics for Large-scale Unsupervised Relation Extraction (2012)

Venous thromboembolism has been associated with antipsychotic drugs, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Hypotheses that have been made include body weight gain, sedation, enhanced platelet aggregation, increased levels of antiphospholipid antibodies, hyperhomocysteinemia, whereas hyperprolactinemia has recently attracted attention as a potential contributing factor. The highest risk has been demonstrated for clozapine, olanzapine, and low-potency first-generation antipsychotics; however, presently there is no data for amisulpride. In the present paper we describe a case of pulmonary embolism in a female bipolar patient, receiving treatment with amisulpride, aripiprazole, and paroxetine. Although a contribution of aripiprazole and paroxetine cannot completely be ruled out, the most probable factor underlying the thromboembolic event seems to be hyperprolactinemia, which was caused by amisulpride treatment. Increased plasma levels of prolactin should probably be taken into account during the monitoring of antipsychotic treatment as well as in future research concerning venous thromboembolism in psychiatric settings.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Current Progress in Vaccine Development (2013)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the etiological agent for a serious lower respiratory tract disease responsible for close to 200,000 annual deaths worldwide. The first infection is generally most severe, while re-infections usually associate with a milder disease. This observation and the finding that re-infection risks are inversely associated with neutralizing antibody titers suggest that immune responses generated toward a first RSV exposure can significantly reduce morbidity and mortality throughout life. For more than half a century, researchers have endeavored to design a vaccine for RSV that can mimic or improve upon natural protective immunity without adverse events. The virus is herein described together with the hurdles that must be overcome to develop a vaccine and some current vaccine development approaches.