gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Asymmetric Dearomatization by Visible‐Light‐Activated [2+2] Photocycloaddition (2018)

A novel method for the catalytic asymmetric dearomatization by visible-light-activated [2+2] photocycloaddition with benzofurans and one example of a benzothiophene is reported, thereby providing chiral tricyclic structures with up to four stereocenters including quaternary stereocenters. The benzofurans and the benzothiophene are functionalized at the 2-position with a chelating N-acylpyrazole moiety which permits the coordination of a visible-light-activatable chiral-at-rhodium Lewis acid catalyst. Computational molecular modeling revealed the origin of the unusual regioselectivity and identified the heteroatom in the heterocycle to be key for the regiocontrol.
III. Typing methods to approach Pneumocystis carinii genetic heterogeneity (1998)

The study of the genetic heterogeneity of P. carinii is complicated by the lack of an in vitro culture system, as well as by the likely occurrence of co-infections with several special forms or types in a single host. Karyotyping and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis are useful for studies at the evolutionary level. However, these methods require a large number of cells, which prevents their use for the special form infecting humans. DNA sequence analysis of genomic regions is useful to study P. carinii diversity, both at the evolutionary and epidemiological levels. To type the special form specific to humans, several methods are currently used to detect polymorphism in PCR products of polymorphic regions of the genome: DNA sequencing, type-specific hybridisations, and single-strand conformation polymorphism. All these methods still need evaluation. The frequency of potential co-infections in humans determined by these various methods is different. The differences could be due to methodological problems or to real variations between patient populations, geographical locations and/or prophylaxis regimens. In the future, elucidating the population structure of P. carinii and the frequency of potential co-infections is going to be crucial for a better understanding of its epidemiology, and thus for a better prevention of P. carinii pneumonia in humans.
A Negotiation Mechanism for Advance Resource Reservations Using the Alternate Offers Protocol (2008)

Service level agreements (SLAs) between grid users and providers have been proposed as mechanisms for ensuring that the users' quality of service (QoS) requirements are met, and that the provider is able to realise utility from its infrastructure. This paper presents a bilateral protocol for SLA negotiation using the alternate offers mechanism wherein a party is able to respond to an offer by modifying some of its terms to generate a counter offer. We apply this protocol to the negotiation between a resource broker and a provider for advance reservation of compute nodes, and implement and evaluate it on a real grid system.
Carp Insulin: Amino Acid Sequence, Biological Activity and Structural Properties (1982)

The amino acid sequence of insulin of carp (Cyprinus carpio) has been determined and correlated with its biological activity in a fat-cell test and its structural properties as measured by circular dichroism and sedimentation analysis. The amino acid sequence of carp insulin displays some unusual features: the B chain is longer at the N terminus by two residues as compared with mammalian insulins and there are substitutions of the charged residues, found in most insulins at positions B21 and B22, by proline and threonine respectively. On the other hand, all amino acid residues essential for biological activity and for the association of insulin monomers are the same in carp insulin. Accordingly, the half-maximal response in a fat-cell test is reached with carp insulin at concentrations which are only three times higher than with porcine insulin and the maximal response is the same. The circular dichroism spectrum of carp insulin resembles greatly that of bovine insulin indicating that it has a similar spatial structure. Despite amino acid substitutions in the dimer-dimer contact region, carp insulin is able to form hexamers.
Loss increase in deuterium-doped VAD fibres with heat treatment (1984)

The origin of the increase in the intensity of OH bands with heat treatment has been investigated using deuterium-containing VAD fibres. Remarkable loss increases only in the absorption peaks due to the OH ions have been observed after 200–500°C heat treatment applied to three kinds of fibre: drawn from a preform prepared by a D2-O2 flame, and OD-doped in the core and in the cladding. It was confirmed that the origin of the hydrogen causing the loss increase is not in the synthesised glass materials.
A RELATIVE HAZARD CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANIC PEROXIDES (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA RELATIVE HAZARD CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANIC PEROXIDESDavid Noller, Stanley Mazurowski, Gilbert Linden, Frederik De Leeuw, and Orville MageliCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1964, 56, 12, 18–27Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50660a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50660a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views347Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Odorranalectin Is a Small Peptide Lectin with Potential for Drug Delivery and Targeting (2008)

These findings identify the smallest lectin so far, and show the application potential of odorranalectin for drug delivery and targeting. It also disclosed a new strategy of amphibian anti-infection.
Retirement savings tips the industry doesn't want you to know : retirement planning (2013)

According to our Finance Minister, Pravin Gordhan, only about 10% of South Africans enjoy a decent retirement. Part of the reason for this situation is the retirement industry itself, which often follows practices that are not optimal in helping South Africans achieve their retirement savings goals.
The strategy of blocking the chemokine system to combat disease (2000)

One of the key characteristics of inflammation is the recruitment of leukocytes to the site of inflammation. Most anti-inflammatory strategies act intracellularly on the target cells, but after the cells have migrated to the site. We therefore propose that the prevention of cellular recruitment by blockade of the relevant chemokine receptor/ligand pair would present a novel therapy in that it would act upstream of the therapies currently in use. The chemokine system is a complex family of over 40 ligands and 18 receptors and as such may appear difficult to inhibit selectively. In the first part of the article we discuss the specificity mechanisms that are beginning to be unraveled which we believe occur at multiple levels. These levels of control of specificity include the temporal regulation of both the ligands and their receptors, which are under the control of pro-inflammatory cytokines; the localization of chemokines on cell surfaces through their interactions with glycosaminoglycans; differential receptor/ligand interactions; and different patterns of receptor trafficking, to name but a few. The chemokine system has been validated as providing good therapeutic targets by several approaches. In our laboratory, we have used a chemokine receptor antagonist in models of inflammation in vivo to demonstrate that this approach is successful in reducing inflammation. Chemokine receptors belong to the class of seven transmembrane spanning receptors, which have proven to be excellent targets by the pharmaceutical industry for many diseases. The number of small molecule inhibitors of chemokine receptors is rapidly growing in the patent literature, and reports both in the literature as well as conferences in the field have shown them to be effective in inflammatory disease models, as well as inhibiting HIV-1 infection. Since clinical trials will begin this year with some of these molecules, hopefully we will fairly soon have the answer of the efficacy of this therapeutic approach.
Separation of simultaneous voices (1987)

People with sensorineural hearing impairments find the task of separating speech from interfering noises particularly difficult. For this reason, the ideal hearing aid would selectively amplify a target voice while attenuating competing voices and other background noises. In exploring possible noise-reduction strategies for future aids, two algorithms for separating the voices of talkers who are speaking simultaneously, with periodic excitation at similar overall intensities, are evaluated. Both approaches are pitch based and exploit the regularity in the harmonic structure of voiced speech. The first involves attenuating the harmonics of the competing voice via a cepstrumlike representation. The second method is derived from the procedure for harmonic selection [T. W. Parsons, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 60, 911–918 (1976)]. Perceptual evaluation of the two processing methods, in a test involving the separation of concurrent vowel pairs synthesized on fixed fundamental frequencies, has demonstrated an increase in performance for both normal-hearing and hearing-impaired subjects. The results of experiments involving the separation of simultaneous sentences containing a high proportion of voiced excitation and varying fundamental frequencies will also be discussed.
Homeobox Protein Msx2 Acts as a Molecular Defense Mechanism for Preventing Ossification in Ligament Fibroblasts (2004)

Ligaments and tendons are comprised of tough yet flexible connective tissue. Little is known, however, about the precise characteristics of the cells in ligaments and tendons due to the absence of specific markers and cell lines. We recently reported a periodontal ligament cell line, PDL-L2, with suppressed Runx2/Osf2 transcriptional activity and an inability to form mineralized nodules. The present study demonstrates that the homeobox protein Msx2 is a key factor in suppressing those two functions. Msx2 colocalizes with Runx2/Osf2 and suppresses its activity cooperatively, acting with another corepressor, TLE1, as a complex to recruit histone deacetylase 1 activity. Reverse transcription-PCR and in situ hybridization demonstrated that Msx2 expression is higher in periodontal ligament and tendon cells than in osteoblasts. Stable reduction of Msx2 expression in PDL-L2 cells induces osteoblastic differentiation, thereby causing matrix mineralization. Conversely, stable, forced Msx2 expression in MC3T3-E1 cells prevented osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization. Msx2-induced suppression of osteoblast differentiation was repressed by bone morphogenetic protein 2. In addition, Msx2 was downregulated in a symptom- and calcification-dependent manner at the affected region in patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. Our findings indicate that Msx2 plays a central role in preventing ligaments and tendons from mineralizing.
Paradoxic inhibition of human natural interferon-producing cells by the activating receptor NKp44 (2005)

Natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity is triggered by multiple activating receptors associated with the signaling adaptor protein DNAX activation protein 12/killer cell-activating receptor-associated protein (DAP12/KARAP). Here, we show that one of these receptors, NKp44, is present on a subset of natural interferon-producing cells (IPCs) in tonsils. NKp44 expression can also be induced on blood IPCs after in vitro culture with interleukin 3 (IL-3). Crosslinking of NKp44 does not trigger IPC-mediated cytotoxicity but, paradoxically, inhibits interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) production by IPCs in response to cytosine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides. We find that IPCs in tonsils are in close contact with CD8+ T cells and demonstrate that a subset of memory CD8+ T cells produces IL-3. Therefore, IL-3-mediated induction of NKp44 on IPCs may be an important component of the ongoing crosstalk between the innate and adaptive immune response that allows memory CD8+ T cells to control the IPC response to virus.
A phosphopantetheinylating polyketide synthase producing a linear polyene to initiate enediyne antitumor antibiotic biosynthesis (2008)

The enediynes, unified by their unique molecular architecture and mode of action, represent some of the most potent anticancer drugs ever discovered. The biosynthesis of the enediyne core has been predicted to be initiated by a polyketide synthase (PKS) that is distinct from all known PKSs. Characterization of the enediyne PKS involved in C-1027 (SgcE) and neocarzinostatin (NcsE) biosynthesis has now revealed that (i) the PKSs contain a central acyl carrier protein domain and C-terminal phosphopantetheinyl transferase domain; (ii) the PKSs are functional in heterologous hosts, and coexpression with an enediyne thioesterase gene produces the first isolable compound, 1,3,5,7,9,11,13-pentadecaheptaene, in enediyne core biosynthesis; and (iii) the findings for SgcE and NcsE are likely shared among all nine-membered enediynes, thereby supporting a common mechanism to initiate enediyne biosynthesis.
Isolation and characterization of a family of porin proteins from Helicobacter pylori (1995)

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to identify heat-modifiable outer membrane proteins, which were candidates for porins, from Helicobacter pylori membrane preparations. Four such proteins with apparent molecular masses of 48, 49, 50, and 67 kDa were isolated. The four proteins copurified together after selective detergent solubilizations followed by anion-exchange chromatography, and each protein was ultimately purified to homogeneity by gel purification. These proteins were then tested for pore-forming ability with a planar lipid bilayer model membrane system. All four proteins appeared to be present as monomers, and they formed pores with low single-channel conductances in 1.0 M KCl of 0.36, 0.36, 0.30, and 0.25 nS, respectively, for the 48-, 49-, 50-, and 67-kDa proteins which we propose to designate HopA, HopB, HopC, and HopD. N-terminal amino acid sequence analyses showed a high degree of homology among all four proteins, and it appears that these proteins constitute a family of related porins in H. pylori.
Effect of Concomitant CYP2D6 Inhibitor Use and Tamoxifen Adherence on Breast Cancer Recurrence in Early-Stage Breast Cancer (2010)

This observational study did not show an association between concomitant CYP2D6 inhibitor use and breast cancer recurrence among patients treated with adjuvant tamoxifen despite the strong biologic rationale. This study shows, to the best of our knowledge for the first time, that poor tamoxifen adherence is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer events.
Process Tomography in the Oil Industry — State of the Art and Future Possibilities (1997)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
Abductive Logic Programs with Penalization: Semantics, Complexity and Implementation (2003)

Abduction, first proposed in the setting of classical logics, has been studied with growing interest in the logic programming area during the last years. In this paper we study abduction with penalization in the logic programming framework. This form of abductive reasoning, which has not been previously analyzed in logic programming, turns out to represent several relevant problems, including optimization problems, very naturally. We define a formal model for abduction with penalization over logic programs, which extends the abductive framework proposed by Kakas and Mancarella. We address knowledge representation issues, encoding a number of problems in our abductive framework. In particular, we consider some relevant problems, taken from different domains, ranging from optimization theory to diagnosis and planning; their encodings turn out to be simple and elegant in our formalism. We thoroughly analyze the computational complexity of the main problems arising in the context of abduction with penalization from logic programs. Finally, we implement a system supporting the proposed abductive framework on top of the DLV engine. To this end, we design a translation from abduction problems with penalties into logic programs with weak constraints. We prove that this approach is sound and complete.
User authentication with keystroke dynamics in long-text data (2016)

Keystroke dynamics is a form of behavioral biometrics that can be used for continuous authentication of users while working at a terminal. In this paper, we extend the use of support vector machine (SVM) for continuous authentication with long-text data, from one-time password based authentication using short text. In result, we show we can authenticate legitimate users and reject impostors with negligible error (close to 0% equal error rate) by setting a one-class SVM for each user using a dataset of 34 users in a controlled environment. Our results show that by standardizing the input and setting the correct kernel scale, one-class SVM can be utilized as a tool to continuously authenticate users, and recognize keystroke dynamics with a high accuracy.
AutoPlug: An automotive test-bed for electronic controller unit testing and verification (2011)

In 2010, over 20.3 million vehicles were recalled. Software issues related to automotive controls such as cruise control, anti-lock braking system, traction control and stability control, account for an increasingly large percentage of the overall vehicles recalled. There is a need for new and scalable methods to evaluate automotive controls in a realistic and open setting. We have developed AutoPlug, an automotive Electronic Controller Unit (ECU) test-bed to diagnose, test, update and verify controls software. AutoPlug consists of multiple ECUs interconnected by a CAN bus, a race car driving simulator which behaves as the plant model and a vehicle controls monitor in Matlab. As the ECUs drive the simulated vehicle, the physics-based simulation provides feedback to the controllers in terms of acceleration, yaw, friction and vehicle stability. This closed-loop platform is then used to evaluate multiple vehicle control software modules such as traction, stability and cruise control. With this test-bed we highlight approaches for runtime ECU software diagnosis and testing of the stability and performance of the vehicle. Code updates can be executed via a smart phone so drivers may remotely “patch” their vehicle. This closed-loop automotive control test-bed allows the automotive research community to explore the capabilities and challenges of safe and secure remote code updates for vehicle recalls management.
[Prevention and treatment of posthemorrhagic disorders in surgical treatment of scoliosis]. (1997)

The measures of the blood loss prophylaxis and compensation, occurred at the time of 4350 surgical interventions on vertebral column conduction in 2697 patients with scoliosis, are analyzed. While performing osteoplastic fixation of vertebral column the blood loss have constituted 1200-2600 ml. The lowering of the blood loss down to 200-120 ml while conducting of complex correcting interventions was permitted by application of the governed hypotension together with general anesthesia.
A Collection and Marking System Suitable for Epidemiological Studies on Whitefly-Borne Viruses (1989)

A vacuum collector, based on a small, cordless, rechargeable vacuum cleaner, was modified to collect insects directly into clear plastic sleeve cages. The cages can be used directly as inoculation chambers in the field, as a direct measure of population density, and as a means of monitoring insect movement with tracer fluorescent dyes. Seedlings inoculated in the collection cages are carried or shipped to the greenhouse and observed for symptoms, eliminating the need for growing bait plants in the field
Cloning of Beneckea genes in Escherichia coli (1978)

Genes from Beneckea harveyi, a luminescent marine bacterium, were cloned in Escherichia coli. This was done by producing randomly sheared fragments of Beneckea DNA and inserting them into the EcoRI site of plasmid pMB9 by the adenine-thymine joining procedure. The hybrid plasmids were used to transform E. coli C600 SF8. Among the transformants selected for tetracycline resistance, one clone that appeared to complement a leucine tb mutation was identified. The transformants were screened for the presence of Beneckea 5S genes. Four of these clones were analyzed in detail by hybridization with 16S, 23S, and 4S Beneckea RNA. The observations suggest that the ribosomal genes in Beneckea are linked, but are present in a different order than those in E. coli.
Synthesis of three potential inhibitors of leukotriene biosynthesis (1983)

The syntheses of 7,7-dimethyl- (1), 10,10-dimethyl- (2), and 5,6-benzoarachidonic acid (3), potential substrate analogue inhibitors of leukotriene biosynthesis, are described. Two of these compounds (1 and 2) apparently stimulated, while 3 inhibited, the activity of lipoxygenase from intact human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro when stimulated with Ca2+ and calcium ionophore A23187 in the presence of BSA and arachidonic acid.
Finite element analysis of strains in a Blaberus cockroach leg during climbing (2002)

The legs of animals and walking vehicles are subject to substantial changes in loading in climbing over obstacles. Sense organs (campaniform sensilla) on cockroach legs detect these loads through strains in the exoskeleton. Signals that might be sent by the sense organs during climbing were predicted by applying forces to a finite element model of the leg in directions determined from kinematic studies. The model included an accurate, three-dimensional reconstruction of the leg segment (trochanter) that contains an array of these sensors. Calculated strains generated at different phases of climbing suggest that some groups of sensors in the front leg, that show little activity in walking, are strongly activated in climbing. These groups could provide signals to aid in adapting walking patterns to the changing forces encountered in climbing.
Summer Science Exhibition 2011 - Invisibility science (2011)

Na teto prestižni výstavě v londýnske Kralovske spolecnosti jsme prezentovali sve výsledky výzkumu neviditelnosti ve formě dostupne siroke veřejnosti. Nas stanek na výstavě navstivilo asi 10000 divaků.