gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal Design of Cellular Material Systems for Crashworthiness (2016)

This work proposes a new method to design crashworthiness structures that made of functionally graded cellular (porous) material. The proposed method consists of three stages: The first stage is to generate a conceptual design using a topology optimization algorithm so that a variable density is distributed within the structure minimizing its compliance. The second stage is to cluster the variable density using a machine-learning algorithm to reduce the dimension of the design space. The third stage is to maximize structural crashworthiness indicators (e.g., internal energy absorption) and minimize mass using a metamodel-based multi-objective genetic algorithm. The final structure is synthesized by optimally selecting cellular material phases from a predefined material library. In this work, the Hashin-Shtrikman bounds are derived for the two-phase cellular material, and the structure performances are compared to the optimized structures derived by our proposed framework. In comparison to traditional structures that made of a single cellular phase, the results demonstrate the improved performance when multiple cellular phases are used.
Neuroleptic-induced supersensitivity psychosis (1978)

drops from neurologic disease, pilocarpine, a parasympathomimetic agent, is safe and reliable. It causes ·constriction of the iris sphincter unless atropine or an·other postsynaptic blocker, such as tropicamide, the substance involved in this case, has been used. Physostigmine salicylate (Antilirium) was not used, · but it is effective in treating anticholinergic intoxica.' tion when administered intramuscularly (l mg repeated in 15-20 minutes if necessary). In Ms. A's case, the anticholinergic effects of chlorpromazine, amitriptyline, scopolamine (Sominex) (0), and tropicamide were probably additive. Although her disorientation cleared rapidly, Ms. A maintained that her hallucinations persisted during her 2-week hospitalization. However, it is difficult to know : whether this was actually the case. Given the previous diagnosis of Munch~lUsen syndrome and her unusual willingness to assume the psychiatric patient role as well as the medical-surgical patient role, it is not unlikely that she was attempting to prolong her hospitalization.
Specific Enzymic Cleavage of Polypeptides at Cysteine Residues (1975)

A method has been developed for specific enzymic cleavage of polypeptides at the N-terminal side of modified cysteine residues. Lysine residues are blocked by trifluoroacetylation and cysteine residues subsequently converted to the 2-aminoethyl derivatives. Digestion of the modified polypeptide with the lysine-specific protease from Armillaria mellea (patented by Walton et al., 1972) occurs only at 2-aminoethylcysteine residues. With the beta chain of human haemoglobin, which contains 2 cysteine and 11 lysine residues, cleavage was observed at both modified cysteines but at none of the lysines. In the case of a polypeptide from bee venom which contains 4 half-cystine and 5 lysine residues, cleavage occurred at only 2 of the modified cysteines and also at 2 lysine residues. The pattern of cleavage in the latter case can be interpreted in terms of the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide.
Force and Motion Analysis of the Normal, Diseased, and Prosthetic Ankle Joint (1977)

A 2-dimensional motion and force study of the ankle joint during gait has been carried out on normal subjects and patients with ankle joint disease, before and 1 year following total ankle replacemetn. The methods employed involved the use of high-speed motion picture film, force plate and foot-switch data. The Achilles and anterior tibial tendon forces, the compressive and tangential (shear) forces across the ankle during stance phase of gait were determined, based on a quasi-static analysis. During stance phase of gait normal subjects used a mean of 24.4 degree of sagittal plane ankle motion. Patients with ankle joint disease showed reduced motion which returned to near normal values 1 year following total ankle replacement. Compressive force across the ankle joint rose to about 5 times body weight during the latter part of stance phase. Backward, or aft, shear forces or nearly full body weight were demonstrated during all but the last 20% of stance phase. Patients with ankle joint disease apparently altered their gait to markedly reduce these forces. Following total ankle replacement, shear forces returned toward more normal values, but compressive forces were not significantly changed.
High density space division multiple access: double reuse of frequency channels (2002)

This paper describes the concept of a novel approach for frequency reuse and proposes its practical use to personal communications services (PCS) in United States. The approach not only enhances the utility of enduser's handset, by using an advanced air interface between cordless telephone and urban cellular radio, but also enhances the efficiency of the frequency channels, when compared with the conventional method of frequency reuse. The novel approach doubly reuses (DR) the frequency channels in the micro and macrocellular systems, and it is an example of high density space division multiple access (SDMA), a new notation which explains frequency utilization per unit area. DR systems will offer many benefits to nations, endusers, network vendors, and manufacturers. Considerations for the practical use of DR systems are also described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
DMSP Dosimetry Data: A Space Measurement and Mapping of Upset Causing Phenomena (1987)

Data from the DMSP/F7 satellite dosimeter star event counters are presented. The DMSP dosimeter star event counters measure the number of pulses that exceed set energy deposition levels (40 MeV for three detectors and 75 MeV for the fourth detector) behind four different thicknesses of aluminum shielding. The term "star event" is used because linear energy transfer depositions above 40 MeV can be produced by high energy proton or heavy ion interactions with nuclei in the detector creating a star type release of energetic secondaries. The energy deposition that creates the high energy pulses in the detectors can come either directly from incident cosmic rays, directly from high energy protons that traverse long path lengths in the detector volume, indirectly from nuclear reactions in the detector created by incident high energy protons, or indirectly from nuclear reactions in the vicinity of the detector which create recoiling nuclei that deposit energy in the detector. These nuclear stars and direct energy pulses create single event upsets (SEUs) in microelectronic components in the near-Earth space environment. Here we will first describe the properties of the star channel of the dosimeter on DMSP/F7; then present the star count maps of the 840 km region of space; and finally discuss their relation to upset phenomena.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure—Activity Relations of Substituted, Deleted or Stereospecifically Altered Jasmonic Acid in Gene Expression of Barley Leaves. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Preparation of o-Vinylbenzyl d-sec-Butyl Sulfide.<sup>1</sup> An Attempted Asymmetric Polymer Synthesis (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of o-Vinylbenzyl d-sec-Butyl Sulfide.1 An Attempted Asymmetric Polymer SynthesisC. G. Overberger and Louis C. PalmerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 3, 666–669Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01584a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01584a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views101Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Iowa Goes All Out for Pasteurized Milk (1947)

Iowa's new pasteurization law means safer milk for the people of Iowa. Safer milk means less danger from the spread of infectious milk-borne diseases. As a result, fewer Iowa people will suffer from such diseases as typhoid fever, diptheria, scarlet fever, tuberculosis, and undulant fever.
Discrimination of phytoplankton via light‐scattering properties (1989)

Measurements of multiangle light scattering were made on individual phytoplankter cells in vitro by means of a commercial light#x2010;scattering photometer and in situ with a new instrument capable of measurements in an unconfined environment. Both instruments contain collimated detectors that measure light scattered from a small, defined#x2010;volume element of a detector#x2010;circumscribed, plane#x2010;polarized laser beam. As a single phytoplankter enters this volume, a scattering signal detected at a selected angle triggers repeated electronic scans of the particle as it moves through the volume. Data collected at up to 16 distinct angles are recorded 100 times during a period of a few hundred milliseconds. A subsequent analysis of data from 1,265 individual phytoplankters covering 12 distinct species confirms (for this group) the hypothesis that different species of phytoplankton produce distinctive scattering signals.
Algebraic optimization of outerjoin queries (1992)

An advantage of relational database languages is that they allow "declarative" query specification: users pose queries as a set of conditions or properties on data to be retrieved, rather than by giving a procedure to obtain such data. The database system is then responsible for generating an efficient execution plan, depending on how information is physically stored. In this context, generation of efficient plans is known as database query optimization. Careful query analysis is justified during optimization, as it often brings considerable savings over the time that straightforward evaluation would take. These savings are sometimes of several orders of magnitude. Query optimization has been an active area of research since the introduction of the first relational databases, and important heuristics have been developed for specified classes of queries. In particular, when relational join is the operator used to combine tables, the problem is well understood and it has been solved with considerable success. Although joins cover a large number of common queries, database languages provide facilities that cannot be evaluated using joins only, and an increasing number of applications rely on these facilities. The approach taken by current query processors is to divide the query into various blocks that are optimized independently, but by discarding a global analysis of the query, many optimization opportunities are likely to be be missed. The purpose of this thesis is to extend join optimization techniques to queries that contain both joins and outerjoins. The benefits of query optimization are thus extended to a number of important database applications, such as federated databases, nested queries, and hierarchical views, for which outerjoin is a key component. Query optimization techniques are based on algebraic properties of relational operators, to find simplification rules and associativity identities. Our approach is comprehensive and includes, as special cases, some outerjoin optimization heuristics that have appeared in the literature. Second, we abstract the notion of feasible evaluation order for binary, join-like operators, considering associativity rules but not specific operator semantics. Combining these two parts, we show that a join/outerjoin query can be evaluated by combining relations in any given order--just as it is done on join queries, except that now we need to synthesize an operator to use at each step, rather than using always join. The purpose of changing the order of processing of relations is to reduce the size of intermediate results. Our theoretical results are converted into algorithms compatible with the architecture of conventional database optimizers. For optimizers that repeatedly transform feasible strategies, the outerjoin identities we have identified can be applied directly. Those identities are sufficient to obtain all possible orders of processing. For optimizers that generate join programs bottom-up, we give a rule to determine the operators to use at each step.
Fluorescence in situ hybridization in leukemias: 'the FISH are spawning!'. (1994)

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a powerful tool for the analysis of chromosomal abnormalities in metaphase and interphase cells. Interphase cytogenetics has become an important technique for the analysis of leukemias, since in many cases it may be difficult to obtain metaphase spreads representative for the malignant clone(s). Using suitable DNA probes, leukemia samples can be screened for the most relevant chromosomal abnormalities. Alternatively, chromosomal imbalances can be identified by applying the new approach of comparative genomic hybridization. In this review, recent advances in the analysis of leukemia made possible by FISH are presented and future prospects of molecular cytogenetics are discussed.
PanelComposer: A Web-Based Panel Construction Tool for Multivariate Analysis of Disease Biomarker Candidates (2012)

Measuring and evaluating diagnostic efficiency is important in biomarker discovery and validation. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is a graphical plot for assessing the performance of a classifier or predictor that can be used to test the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic biomarkers. In this study, we describe PanelComposer, a Web-based software tool that uses statistical results from proteomic expression data and validates biomarker candidates based on ROC curves and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) values using a logistic regression model and provides an ordered list that includes ROC graphs and AUC values for proteins (individually or in combination). This tool allows users to easily compare and assess the effectiveness and diagnostic efficiency of single or multiprotein biomarker candidates. PanelComposer is available publicly at http://panelcomposer.proteomix.org/ and is compatible with major Web browsers.
Higuchi fractal dimension of the electroencephalogram as a biomarker for early detection of Alzheimer's disease (2017)

It is widely accepted that early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) makes it possible for patients to gain access to appropriate health care services and would facilitate the development of new therapies. AD starts many years before its clinical manifestations and a biomarker that provides a measure of changes in the brain in this period would be useful for early diagnosis of AD. Given the rapid increase in the number of older people suffering from AD, there is a need for an accurate, low-cost and easy to use biomarkers that could be used to detect AD in its early stages. Potentially, the electroencephalogram (EEG) can play a vital role in this but at present, no reliable EEG biomarker exists for early diagnosis of AD. The gradual slowing of brain activity caused by AD starts from the back of the brain and spreads out towards other parts. Consequently, determining the brain regions that are first affected by AD may be useful in its early diagnosis. Higuchi fractal dimension (HFD) has characteristics which make it suited to capturing region-specific neural changes due to AD. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of HFD of the EEG as a biomarker which is associated with the brain region first affected by AD. Mean HFD value was calculated for all channels of EEG signals recorded from 52 subjects (20-AD and 32-normal). Then, p-values were calculated between the two groups (AD and normal) to detect EEG channels that have a significant association with AD. k-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm was used to compute the distance between AD patients and normal subjects in the classification. Our results show that AD patients have significantly lower HFD values in the parietal areas. HFD values for channels in these areas were used to discriminate between AD and normal subjects with a sensitivity and specificity values of 100% and 80%, respectively.
Analytical Chemistry and Semiconductor Materials (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalytical Chemistry and Semiconductor MaterialsPaul W. Bohn and Timothy D. HarrisCite this: Anal. Chem. 1990, 62, 14, 767A–777APublication Date (Print):July 15, 1990Publication History Published online30 May 2012Published inissue 15 July 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00213a715RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views44Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (10 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Regulation of Ribosome Detachment from the Mammalian Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane (2000)

In current models, protein translocation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) occurs in the context of two cycles, the signal recognition particle (SRP) cycle and the ribosome cycle. Both SRP and ribosomes bind to the ER membrane as a consequence of the targeting process of translocation. Whereas SRP release from the ER membrane is regulated by the GTPase activities of SRP and the SRP receptor, ribosome release from the ER membrane is thought to occur in response to the termination of protein synthesis. We report that ER-bound ribosomes remain membrane-bound following the termination of protein synthesis and in the bound state can initiate the translation of secretory and cytoplasmic proteins. Two principal observations are reported. 1) Membrane-bound ribosomes engaged in the synthesis of proteins lacking a signal sequence are released from the ER membrane as ribosome-nascent polypeptide complexes. 2) Membrane-bound ribosomes translating secretory proteins can access the translocon in an SRP receptor-independent manner. We propose that ribosome release from the ER membrane occurs in the context of protein translation, with release occurring by default in the absence of productive nascent polypeptide-membrane interactions.
Characterization on the Bench of an Amikacin Aerosol Before Clinical Studies (1997)

It has been suggested that nebulized antipseudomonas therapy may be of benefit in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Amikacin is effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and does not contain sulfites. As a prelude to clinical studies that will use gamma camera techniques to quantify amikacin aerosol deposition, we present the characteristics of the amikacin aerosol and demonstrate that labeling it does not change its dynamics. Human serum albumin (HSA) was labeled with 99mTc and was added to an amikacin solution (1 g per 8 mL and 1.5 g per 12 mL). Amikacin mixed with this tracer was charged in an ultrasonic nebulizer (Syst'Am LS; Villeneuve sur Lot, France). Low-resistance filters were connected between the nebulizer mouthpiece and a piston pump. The filters were changed after each 3-minute period during the 18-minute nebulization process. The mass of radiolabeled amikacin collected from each filter was measured by fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) and estimated from 99mTc countings. Particle size distribution, mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD), and geometric standard deviation σg) of the un labeled and radiolabeled aerosols were measured by inserting a 10-stage cascade impactor between the nebulizer and the piston pump. The mass of amikacin that impacted on each stage was measured by FPIA for both unlabeled and radiolabeled aerosols. There was a close correlation between FPIA and 99mTc countings to measure the mass of radiolabeled amikacin deposited on filters (y = 1.32 x − 1.91, r = 0.97, P < 0.0001). Maximum inhaled mass reached 30% of the nebulizer charge with the 1 g per 8 mL solution and 55% with the 1.5 g per 12 mL solution. There was also a close correlation between distribution of the unlabeled and radiolabeled aerosols (y = 0.92 x + 0.74, r = 0.95, P < 0.0001). MMAD (σg) was 3.0 (1.7) μm. We conclude that it is possible to produce an aerosol of amikacin that may deposit peripherally in the lungs. Labeling the drug does not alter the dynamic characteristics of the aerosol.
Asymmetric synthesis of chiral sulfoxides via microbial oxidation of sulfides. (1984)

L'incubation de sulfures d'alkyle aryle et d'allyle aryle avec des cellules en culture de corynebacterium equi IFO 3730, aboutit a la formation de sulfoxydes optiquement actifs
Global Optimization with Exploration/Selection Algorithms and Simulated Annealing (2002)

This article studies a stochastic model of an evolutionary algorithm that evolves a “population” of potential solutions to a minimization problem. The minimization process is based on two operators. First, each solution is regarded as an individual that attempts a random search on a graph, involving a probabilistic operator called exploration. The second operator is called selection. This deterministic operator creates interaction between individuals. The convergence of the evolutionary process is described within the framework of simulated annealing. It can be quantified by means of two quantities called the critical height and the optimal convergence exponent, which both measure the difficulty of the algorithm to deal with the minimization problem. This work describes the critical height for large enough population sizes. Explicit bounds are given for the optimal convergence exponent, using a few geometric quantities. As an application, this work allows comparisons of the evolutionary strategy with independent parallel runs of the simulated annealing algorithm, and it helps deciding when one method should be preferred to the other.