gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and properties of soluble copolysulfoneimide and performance of solvent‐resistant ultrafiltration membrane (2002)

Abstract Soluble copolysulfoneimides were synthesized by thermal two‐step method in solution of N ‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone. The used aromatic diamines were bis[4‐(3‐aminophenoxy)phenyl]sulfone (BAPS‐m) and 3,3′‐diaminosulfone, and dianhydrides were pyromellitic dianhydride, 4,4′‐oxyphthalic anhydride, and 3,3′,4,4′‐diphenylsulfone tetracarboxylic dianhydride. The molar ratio of diamines was changed to reduce the content of BAPS‐m. The thermal and mechanical properties of polyimides were investigated. The polyimide ultrafiltration membrane with molecular weight cut‐off of 10 kDa could be successfully prepared by phase‐inversion method. Various solvent (water, alcohols, acetone, and hexane) fluxes were measured to investigate solvent‐resistance and membrane behavior during solvent permeation. The activation energy relationship between hexane flux and viscosity with temperature was also studied. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1024–1030, 2002
Vibrational Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy: A New Tool for the Stereochemical Characterization of Chiral Molecules (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
<i>Candida</i>infections in the intensive care unit: epidemiology, risk factors and therapeutic strategies (2006)

This article reviews the epidemiology, predisposing risk factors and outcome of systemic Candida spp. infections in the intensive care unit setting. Incidence of systemic Candida infections in patients requiring intensive care has increased substantially in recent years; while diagnosis of serious Candida infection may be difficult, the clinical conditions which predispose patients to these infections are now better understood and effective antifungal therapies are becoming increasingly available. Severe fungal infections are generally associated with poor outcomes in these patients. Patients at highest risk for Candida infection may be potential candidates for early, presumptive therapy. In this article we review antifungal treatment, including the use of polyenes, azoles and echinocandines, and the role of prophylaxis.
The <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Quorum-Sensing Signal Molecule <i>N</i> -(3-Oxododecanoyl)- <scp>l</scp> -Homoserine Lactone Has Immunomodulatory Activity (1998)

Diverse gram-negative bacterial cells communicate with each other by using diffusible N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) signal molecules to coordinate gene expression with cell population density. Accumulation of AHLs above a threshold concentration renders the population "quorate," and the appropriate target gene is activated. In pathogenic bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, AHL-mediated quorum sensing is involved in the regulation of multiple virulence determinants. We therefore sought to determine whether the immune system is capable of responding to these bacterial signal molecules. Consequently the immunomodulatory properties of the AHLs N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (OdDHL) and N-(3-oxohexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (OHHL) were evaluated in murine and human leukocyte immunoassays in vitro. OdDHL, but not OHHL, inhibited lymphocyte proliferation and tumor necrosis factor alpha production by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. Furthermore, OdDHL simultaneously and potently down-regulated the production of IL-12, a Th-1-supportive cytokine. At high concentrations (>7 x 10(-5) M) OdDHL inhibited antibody production by keyhole limpet hemocyanin-stimulated spleen cells, but at lower concentrations (<7 x 10(-5) M), antibody production was stimulated, apparently by increasing the proportion of the immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) isotype. OdDHL also promoted IgE production by interleukin-4-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These data indicate that OdDHL may influence the Th-1-Th-2 balance in the infected host and suggest that, in addition to regulating the expression of virulence determinants, OdDHL may contribute to the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa infections by functioning as a virulence determinant per se.
Sandia National Laboratories 8. 8 metre (29-foot) and 10. 7-metre (35-foot) centrifuge facilities (1980)

This report outlines the capabilities and limitations of the two centrifuges and gives other details which must be considered in preparing test specifications and designing fixtures, gives the theory and terminology of centrifuge testing, and describes the layout, operating principles, support functions, and reference material for each facility.
Tactile gloves for autonomous grasping with the NASA/DARPA Robonaut (2004)

Tactile data from rugged gloves are providing the foundation for developing autonomous grasping skills for the NASA/DARPA Robonaut, a dexterous humanoid robot. These custom gloves compliment the human like dexterity available in the Robonaut hands. Multiple versions of the gloves are discussed, showing a progression in using advanced materials and construction techniques to enhance sensitivity and overall sensor coverage. The force data provided by the gloves can be used to improve dexterous, tool and power grasping primitives. Experiments with the latest gloves focus on the use of tools, specifically a power drill used to approximate an astronaut's torque tool.
Analysis of Distribution Locational Marginal Prices (2017)

Low-voltage distribution networks are emerging as an increasingly important component of power system operations due to the deployment of distributed renewable resources (e.g., rooftop solar supply) and the need to mobilize the flexibility of consumers that are connected to the low-voltage grid. The pricing of electric power at distribution nodes follows directly from the theory of spot pricing of electricity. However, in contrast to linearized lossless models of transmission networks, an intuitive understanding of prices at the distribution level presents challenges due to voltage limits, reactive power flows, and losses. In this paper, we present three approaches toward understanding distribution locational marginal prices by decomposing them: 1) through a duality analysis of the problem formulated with a global power balance constraint; 2) through a duality analysis of a second-order cone program relaxation; and 3) through an analysis of the impact of marginal losses on price. We discuss the relative strengths and weaknesses of each approach in terms of computation and physical intuition, and demonstrate the concepts on a 15-bus radial distribution network.
A location aware mobile tourist guide selecting and interpreting sights and services by context matching (2005)

Most tourists exploring a destination either join a guided tour or walk on their own using maps. Neither are their individual preferences nor the actual situation considered. These tours are strongly inflexible. The ideal is an intelligent guide taking care of the whole tour organisation and execution in time. This is the main objective of the dynamic tour guide (DTG). The DTG is a mobile agent that selects attractions, plans an individual tour, provides navigational guidance and offers location based interpretation. This kind of ambient intelligence is based on the analysis of all available context information to support the tourist in any possible way with the help of a mobile device.
MicroRNA-21: a therapeutic target for reversing drug resistance in cancer (2013)

The miR-21 may promote the drug resistance of various cancers. Inhibitors of miR-21 may function as effective approaches for reversing drug resistance in cancer cells. There is a tough way from discovering the function of miR-21 to clinical use. Further understanding of miR-21-mediated signaling pathways will help to promote the therapeutic-clinical use of miR-21 in cancer.
Muscle Contracture Induced by Exercise (1969)

An unusual disorder of muscle function, characterized by painless contractures occurring with exercise, was present in a patient since childhood. Muscle contraction was normal, but the relaxation phase became increasingly slow during exercise. Myotonia was ruled out by the absence of muscle action potentials during the slow relaxation. The most important biochemical finding was a marked decrease in the ability of the isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum to accumulate calcium ions. The concentration of muscle phosphorylase was normal, but the proportion of the active form was unusually high, and there was a high level of venous-blood lactate during rest. The slow relaxation of this patient's muscles may be due to the decreased uptake of calcium by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The persistently high level of free calcium expected from such a defect may explain the persistent activation of muscle phosphorylase and hence the increased production of lactate during rest. The disease is thus attributable to a selective defect of relaxing factor.
Investigations of platinized and rhodinized carbon electrodes for use in glucose sensors (1994)

Abstract Graphite electrodes were modified by the electrodeposition of either platinum or rhodium, using cyclic voltammetry. Following only brief periods of treatment, platinized carbon electrodes were able to directly oxidize glucose at a potential of +350 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl). By narrowing both the potential range of deposition (–450 to –500 mV) and cycling period (50 seconds at a scan rate of 10 mV s −1 ), the effects of direct glucose oxidation could be significantly reduced. Detection of H 2 O 2 at +400 mV was possible; glucose enzyme electrodes were constructed, with glucose oxidase immobilized in hydroxyethylcellulose, and operated at this potential. These sensors had a linear range of 0.1 to 25 mM glucose and a slope of 8 nA/mM. Other electrodes were prepared by the electrodeposition of rhodium. These base electrodes proved to be insensitive to glucose and produced‐higher currents (compared to low platinum electrodes) to H 2 O 2 . Glucose sensors were constructed using rhodinked electrodes. Again operating at + 400 mV, these sensors had a linear range from 0.1 to 20 mM and a slope of 21 nA/mM glucose.
Extracting Information Seeking Intentions for Web Search Sessions (2016)

We present a method for extracting the self-reported intentions of users engaged in an information seeking episode. We recruited participants to conduct search sessions and subsequently asked them to self-report their intentions. A total of 27 users participated in a lab study, during which they worked on two search tasks. After each search session, participants indicated their intentions during that session while viewing a video replay. Results indicate that the set of search intentions provided to participants was sufficient to account for intentions in four journalism-related information seeking tasks: a copy editing task, interview preparation task, relationships task, and story pitch task. The results also suggest regular patterns in intentions that can be exploited for identification of task type as well as potential applications to personalization and recommendation during a search episode.
Subdivision of molecularly-classified groups by new gene signatures in breast cancer patients (2012)

Gene expression patterns as well as gene interactions are under investigation for their involvement in tumour heterogeneity. The molecular classification of breast cancer based on hormone receptor expression, grade and HER2 receptor levels, is indicative but not adequate enough to complete the prognostic data. The objectives of this study were to validate the prognostic value of 19 genes, solely, and as parts of classifiers (sets of genes), in breast cancer patients and to determine whether the expression of these genes and classifiers is correlated with breast cancer molecular classification. Gene expression was examined in the blood of 88 breast cancer patients and 50 healthy controls using multiplex quantitative real-time PCR. Patients with a second primary malignancy showed a statistically significant difference when compared with: i) patients with a single breast cancer, for an 8-gene classifier (p<0.02); and ii) healthy individuals (classifier FBX033, FLJ339115) (p<0.01), with respect to gene expression. The classifier ENY2, USP38 was associated with the development of primary breast cancer. A newly established classifier (ENY2, USP38, RPS7, Osbpl-1 and ETF1) indicated a statistically significant association with HER2 subtype patients, compared to patients with a different molecular classification (p<0.04). The gene FLJ33915 was differentially expressed in a subgroup of HER2-positive patients with infiltrated axillary lymph nodes (p<0.028). We validated the prognostic value of 4 classifiers for primary and second primary malignancy. Evidence of a classifier predicting the HER2 subtype and the gene FLJ33915 which subdivides HER2 subtype patients is also presented.
Fuel economy optimization of hybrid electric vehicles (2015)

Fuel economy optimization of hybrid vehicles is essentially solving the optimal energy management mode and shift schedule under specified system constraints so as to realize the optimal control of hybrid vehicles. However, the global optimal dynamic programming control strategy cannot use in the real-time control since the uncertainty of the driving environment, an optimization control strategy which can be used in the practice is proposed in this paper. Under knowing the running state information of the car on a predicted future time domain provided by the vehicles navigation system (GPS/GIS), this paper solve the optimal shift schedule and energy management mode which minimize the equivalent fuel consumption of the forecast time domain with the dynamic programming algorithm(DP), and then under the framework of model predictive control to realize the rolling optimization. Finally, the energy management mode and shift schedule of hybrid electric vehicles have been verified by the simulation, and the simulation results show the effectiveness of the optimization control strategy of the hybrid electric vehicles.
Thermosensitive Replication of a Kanamycin Resistance Factor (1967)

A strain of Proteus vulgaris isolated from the urinary tract of a patient with postoperative pyelonephritis and resistant to sulfonamide, streptomycin, tetracycline, and kanamycin (KM) was found to transfer only KM resistance by cell-to-cell conjugation. The genetic determinant controlling the transferable KM resistance was considered to be an R factor and was designated R (KM). Successive transfer of KM resistance was demonstrated also from Escherichia coli 20S0, which received the R (KM) factor, to other substrains of E. coli K-12 or Salmonella typhimurium LT-2. The transfer of the R (KM) factor was strongly affected by the temperature at which the mating culture was kept. The transfer frequency of R (KM) at 25 C was about 10(5) times higher than at 37 C. The R (KM) factor was spontaneously eliminated from the host bacterial cells when P. vulgaris was cultured at 42 C, but no elimination occurred at 25 C. This elimination of the R (KM) factor at elevated temperature was also observed when the R (KM) factor infected E. coli and S. typhimurium. On the other hand, a normal R factor could not be eliminated from the same E. coli host strain by cultivation at the higher temperature. We consider the thermosensitive transfer and the spontaneous elimination of the R (KM) factor at higher temperature to depend upon thermosensitive replication of the R (KM) factor.
<i>Ab initio</i>study of K adsorption on graphene and carbon nanotubes: Role of long-range ionic forces (2007)

We present a first-principles study of potassium atom adsorption on graphene and carbon nanotubes. Our calculations are carried out using density functional theory combined with the pseudopotential approximation. This study is, in part, inspired by inconsistent results reported for this system in literature. The adsorption energy of potassium atom on graphene obtained in previous studies ranges from $0.44\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}2.0\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$. We find that the reported disagreements can be explained by long-range electrostatic interactions between potassium and graphene. To illustrate this point, we present a simple classical model describing the interaction between the potassium atom and the graphene surface. The adsorption energies predicted by the model appear to be in good agreement with our first-principles calculations. In contrast, we find that the energy of potassium adsorption on carbon nanotubes depends on the nanotube surface curvature and chirality. This result suggests that the mechanism of interaction between potassium and carbon nanotubes may be different from that for the potassium-graphene system.
Protection Afforded by an HIV Vaccine Candidate in Macaques Depends on the Dose of SIV<sub>mac251</sub>at Challenge Exposure (2013)

We used the simian immunodeficiency virus mac251 (SIV(mac251)) macaque model to study the effect of the dose of mucosal exposure on vaccine efficacy. We immunized macaques with a DNA prime followed by SIV gp120 protein immunization with ALVAC-SIV and gp120 in alum, and we challenged them with SIV(mac251) at either a single high dose or at two repeated low-dose exposures to a 10-fold-lower dose. Infection was neither prevented nor modified following a single high-dose challenge of the immunized macaques. However, two exposures to a 10-fold-lower dose resulted in protection from SIV(mac251) acquisition in 3 out of 12 macaques. The remaining animals that were infected had a modulated pathogenesis, significant downregulation of interferon responsive genes, and upregulation of genes involved in B- and T-cell responses. Thus, the choice of the experimental model greatly influences the vaccine efficacy of vaccines for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
The roles of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E on the peroxidation of human low density lipoprotein subfractions. (1995)

The aim of our study was to investigate the relationships between the levels of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and vitamin E and the levels of hydroperoxide in three subfractions of low density lipoproteins (LDL) that were isolated from healthy donors. LDL3, the densest of the three subfractions, has shown statistically significant lower levels of CoQ10 and vitamin E, which were associated with higher hydroperoxide levels when compared with the lighter counterparts. After CoQ10 supplementation, all three LDL subfractions had significantly increased CoQ10 levels. In particular, LDL3 showed the highest CoQ10 increase when compared with LDL1 and LDL2 and was associated with a significant decrease in hydroperoxide level. These results support the hypothesis that the CoQ10 endowment in subfractions of LDL affects their oxidizability, and they have important implications for the treatment of disease.
Inauguration du buste du Professeur Наmу аu Musée d'Ethnographie du Trocadéro. (1910)

Rivet Paul. Inauguration du buste du Professeur Наmу аu Musée d'Ethnographie du Trocadéro. In: Journal de la Société des Américanistes. Tome 7, 1910. pp. 323-327.
Optimierung der Beatmung beim akuten Lungenversagen durch Identifikation physiologischer Kenngrößen (1998)

Article Optimierung der Beatmung beim akuten Lungenversagen durch Identifikation physiologischer Kenngrößen was published on November 1, 1998 in the journal at - Automatisierungstechnik (volume 46, issue 11).
Defect sampling methodology for yield learning during 22nm process development (2013)

During early semiconductor process development, the demand for wafer inspection and scanning electron microscope (SEM) review is very high. This is because learning from other metrics such as functional test and even in-line test structures is limited as they require good functionality from multiple modules. Therefore it is critical to be very efficient in the use of wafer inspection and SEM review resources. SEM review is necessary for determining the Pareto of defects detected with brightfield (BF) inspection because BF images are not sufficient for classification. Typically, a selection of defects from the BF inspection are sampled for SEM review and the SEM classifications of these defects are then used to infer the defect types from the entire data set in a progress called normalization. In this paper, a number of pitfalls in the defect selection and normalization processes are reviewed. Best practices based on a number of studies at IBM for how to select the review sample and how many defects to sample are recommended.
Open Source Intelligence (2002)

The Open Source movement has established over the last decade a new collaborative approach, uniquely adapted to the Internet, to developing high-quality informational products. Initially, its exclusive application was the development of software (GNU/Linux and Apache are among the most prominent projects), but increasingly we can observe this collaborative approach being applied to areas beyond the coding of software. One such area is the collaborative gathering and analysis of information, a practice we term "Open Source Intelligence". In this article, we use three case studies - the nettime mailing list, the Wikipedia project and the NoLogo Web site - to show some the breadth of contexts and analyze the variety of socio-technical approaches that make up this emerging phenomenon.
The glycerin glut: Options for the value‐added conversion of crude glycerol resulting from biodiesel production (2007)

Abstract Dramatic increases in the price of crude oil, and consequently, transportation fuels, coupled with increased environmental concerns have resulted in rapid growth in biodiesel production, both in the United States and worldwide. As biodiesel production increases, so does production of the primary coproduct, glycerol. Since the existing glycerol supply and demand market was tight, recent increases in glycerol production from biodiesel refining has created a glut in the glycerol market. As a result, the price of glycerol has fallen significantly and biodiesel refiners are faced with limited options for managing the glycerol by‐product, which in the biodiesel industry, has essentially become a waste stream. This article is a review of promising options for both the catalytic and biological conversion of glycerol into various value‐added products, many of which are bio‐based alternatives to petroleum‐derived chemicals. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 26: 338–348, 2007
Pre-clinical evaluation of advanced nerve guideconduits using a novel 3D in vitro testing model (2018)

Autografts are the current gold standard for large peripheral nerve defects in clinics despite the frequently occurring side effects like donor site morbidity. Hollow nerve guidance conduits (NGC) are proposed alternatives to autografts, but failed to bridge gaps exceeding 3 cm in humans. Internal NGC guidance cues like microfibres are believed to enhance hollow NGCs by giving additional physical support for directed regeneration of Schwann cells and axons. In this study, we report a new 3D <i>in vitro</i> model that allows the evaluation of different intraluminal fibre scaffolds inside a complete NGC. The performance of electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) microfibres inside 5 mm long polyethylene glycol (PEG) conduits were investigated in neuronal cell and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cultures <i>in vitro</i>. Z-stack confocal microscopy revealed the aligned orientation of neuronal cells along the fibres throughout the whole NGC length and depth. The number of living cells in the centre of the scaffold was not significantly different to the tissue culture plastic (TCP) control. For <i>ex vivo</i> analysis, DRGs were placed on top of fibre-filled NGCs to simulate the proximal nerve stump. In 21 days of culture, Schwann cells and axons infiltrated the conduits along the microfibres with 2.2 ± 0.37 mm and 2.1 ± 0.33 mm, respectively. We conclude that this <i>in vitro</i> model can help define internal NGC scaffolds in the future by comparing different fibre materials, composites and dimensions in one setup prior to animal testing.