gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of sensitivity gain and frequency tuning by coupling of active hair bundles (2008)

The vertebrate inner ear possesses an active process that provides nonlinear amplification of mechanical stimuli. A candidate for this process is active hair bundle mechanics observed, for instance, for hair cells of the bullfrog's sacculus. Hair bundles in various inner ear organs are coupled by overlying membranes. Using a stochastic description of active hair bundle dynamics, we study the consequences of an elastic coupling on the properties of amplification. We report that collective effects in arrays of hair bundles can enhance the amplification gain and the sharpness of frequency tuning as compared with the performance of an isolated hair bundle. We also discuss the transient response elicited by the sudden onset of a periodic stimulus and its relation to temporal integration curves. Simulations of systems with a gradient of intrinsic frequencies show an enhanced amplification gain while preserving a frequency gradient, provided the coupling strength is similar to the hair bundle stiffness. We relate our findings to the situation in the bullfrog's sacculus and the mammalian cochlea.
What the Catholic employers are saying (2014)

More than three months ago the Catholic Commission for Employment Relations (CCER) delivered a proposed Enterprise Agreement on behalf of Catholic diocesan employers to the IEU and posted the EA on the CCER's Foundations for Excellence website.
Enforcing Access Control Models in System Applications by Using Aspect-Oriented Programming: A Literature Review (2017)

Although software developers look to the security concept as a non-functional side of application systems deny that this side represents one of the main pillars used to support the functional side of the applications, thus, increasing the recommendations of the application systems after achievement of user satisfaction. Unauthorized access to information represents one of the most important challenges faced by application systems developers. The privacy-preserving and security concepts have arisen from the usage of data resources, which sometimes leads to the sharing of personal identifying information (PII). Access control is one widely accepted security solution, by restricting the accessing of the data only to authorized users. Adding or updating access control concerns in system applications represents a difficult task for system developers because they need to track all program codes to detect where restriction methods should be inserted. At the same time, they have to define which piece of code needs to be applied for different access control policies. All of these concerns are accumulated in the problem of scattering and tangling of system software. A widely suggested but under-used solution to these problems is that of Aspect Oriented Programming (AOP). AOP is an effective technique for modularizing concerns and changing the execution behavior of existing codes with only the minimal need to change existing software implementations. In this paper we present a literature review in access control methods which used AOP to apply security concepts into application systems. Through our narration of the methods, we show the advantage of using AOP to modularize the access control policies and security concerns, and therefore increase the clarity, maintainability and reusability of system software.
United States Bureau of Mines Bulletin 226 (1925)

Report presenting studies regarding the treatment of manganese-silver ores.
Dietary phytochemicals, HDAC inhibition, and DNA damage/repair defects in cancer cells (2011)

Genomic instability is a common feature of cancer etiology. This provides an avenue for therapeutic intervention, since cancer cells are more susceptible than normal cells to DNA damaging agents. However, there is growing evidence that the epigenetic mechanisms that impact DNA methylation and histone status also contribute to genomic instability. The DNA damage response, for example, is modulated by the acetylation status of histone and non-histone proteins, and by the opposing activities of histone acetyltransferase and histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes. Many HDACs overexpressed in cancer cells have been implicated in protecting such cells from genotoxic insults. Thus, HDAC inhibitors, in addition to unsilencing tumor suppressor genes, also can silence DNA repair pathways, inactivate non-histone proteins that are required for DNA stability, and induce reactive oxygen species and DNA double-strand breaks. This review summarizes how dietary phytochemicals that affect the epigenome also can trigger DNA damage and repair mechanisms. Where such data is available, examples are cited from studies in vitro and in vivo of polyphenols, organosulfur/organoselenium compounds, indoles, sesquiterpene lactones, and miscellaneous agents such as anacardic acid. Finally, by virtue of their genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, cancer chemopreventive agents are being redefined as chemo- or radio-sensitizers. A sustained DNA damage response coupled with insufficient repair may be a pivotal mechanism for apoptosis induction in cancer cells exposed to dietary phytochemicals. Future research, including appropriate clinical investigation, should clarify these emerging concepts in the context of both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms dysregulated in cancer, and the pros and cons of specific dietary intervention strategies.
Improved Chain-Block Algorithm to RVM on Large Scale Problems (2009)

RVM enables sparse classification and regression functions to be obtained by linearly-weighting a small number of fixed basis functions from a large dictionary of potential candidates.TOA on RVM has O(M <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ) time and O(M <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) space complexity, where M is the training set size. It is thus computationally infeasible on very large data sets. We propose I-CBA based on CBA, I-CBA set iteration initial center as the iteration solution last time,reduce the time complexitiy further more with keeping high accuracy and sparsity simultaneously. Regression experiments with synthetical large benchmark data set demonstrates I-CBA yields state-of-the-art performance.
Binding of β2–glycoprotein I to anionic phospholipids facilitates processing and presentation of a cryptic epitope that activates pathogenic autoreactive T cells (2004)

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune prothrombotic disorder in association with autoantibodies to phospholipid (PL)-binding plasma proteins, such as beta(2)-glycoprotein I (beta(2)GPI). We have recently found that CD4(+) T cells autoreactive to beta(2)GPI in patients with APS preferentially recognize a cryptic peptide encompassing amino acid residues 276-290 (p276-290), which contains the major PL-binding site, in the context of DR53. However, it is not clear how previously cryptic p276-290 becomes visible to the immune system and elicits a pathogenics autoimmune response to beta(2)GPI. Here we show that presentation of a disease-relevant cryptic T-cell determinant in beta(2)GPI is induced as a direct consequence of antigen processing from beta(2)GPI bound to anionic PL. Dendritic cells or macrophages pulsed with PL-bound beta(2)GPI induced a response of p276-290-specific CD4(+) T-cell lines generated from the patients in an HLA-DR-restricted and antigen-processing-dependent manner but those with beta(2)GPI or PL alone did not. In addition, the p276-290-reactive T-cell response was primed by stimulating peripheral blood T cells from DR53-carrying healthy individuals with dendritic cells bearing PL-bound beta(2)GPI in vitro. Our finding is the first demonstration of an in vitro mechanism eliciting pathogenic autoreactive T-cell responses to beta(2)GPI and should be useful in clarifying the pathogenesis of APS.
Lack of SIRT1 (Mammalian Sirtuin 1) Activity Leads to Liver Steatosis in the SIRT1+/− Mice: A Role of Lipid Mobilization and Inflammation (2010)

Mammalian sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) may control fatty acid homeostasis in liver. However, this possibility and underlying mechanism remain to be established. In this study, we addressed the issues by examining the metabolic phenotypes of SIRT1 heterozygous knockout (SIRT1(+/-)) mice. The study was conducted in the mice on three different diets including a low-fat diet (5% fat wt/wt), mediate-fat diet (11% fat wt/wt), and high-fat diet (HFD, 36% fat wt/wt). On low-fat diet, the mice did not exhibit any abnormality. On mediate-fat diet, the mice exhibited a significant increase in hepatic steatosis with elevated liver/body ratio, liver size, liver lipid (triglyceride, glycerol, and cholesterol) content, and liver inflammation. The hepatic steatosis was deteriorated in the mice by HFD. In the liver, lipogenesis was increased, fat export was reduced, and beta-oxidation was not significantly changed. Body weight and fat content were increased in response to the dietary fat. Fat was mainly increased in sc adipose tissue and liver. Inflammation was also elevated in epididymal fat. Whole body energy expenditure and substrate utilization were reduced. Food intake, locomotor activity, and fat absorption were not changed. These data suggest that a reduction in the SIRT1 activity increases the risk of fatty liver in response to dietary fat. The liver steatosis may be a result of increased lipogenesis and reduced liver fat export. The inflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis as well. A reduction in lipid mobilization may contribute to the hepatic steatosis and low energy expenditure.
Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Exposure and Ritual Prevention, Clomipramine, and Their Combination in the Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (2004)

Clomipramine, exposure and ritual prevention, and their combination are all efficacious treatments for OCD. Intensive exposure and ritual prevention may be superior to clomipramine and, by implication, to monotherapy with the other SRIs.
SurA assists the folding of Escherichia coli outer membrane proteins (1996)

Many proteins require enzymatic assistance in order to achieve a functional conformation. One rate-limiting step in protein folding is the cis-trans isomerization of prolyl residues, a reaction catalyzed by prolyl isomerases. SurA, a periplasmic protein of Escherichia coli, has sequence similarity with the prolyl isomerase parvulin. We tested whether SurA was involved in folding periplasmic and outer membrane proteins by using trypsin sensitivity as an assay for protein conformation. We determined that the efficient folding of three outer membrane proteins (OmpA, OmpF, and LamB) requires SurA in vivo, while the folding of four periplasmic proteins was independent of SurA. We conclude that SurA assists in the folding of certain secreted proteins.
A new approach to fully unstructured three-dimensional Delaunay mesh generation with improved element quality (2005)

Mesh generation is known to play a critical role in semiconductor device and process simulation. We present a new approach suitable for dealing with the increasing complexity of the device boundaries and interfaces as well as moving boundaries. It is recently understood that techniques which have worked well in the past (octree methods, intersection and bisection based methods, cartesian methods) are at their limits today. It is in this spirit that we developed a fully unstructured gridding method which we believe is the only potential way to deal with the complexity of future devices and to handle moving boundary situations. Our algorithm also incorporates local improvement of element quality by non-delaunay quality measures, while still maintaining the Delaunay property.
A high efficiency interface for a biphase incremental encoder with error detection (servomotor control) (1993)

The use of incremental instead of absolute encoders for servomotor control involves the design of an interface to feed bidirectional counters. A robust method that the authors have implemented with a minimum number of components is presented. The method is also suitable for an all-software version that could be used in microcontroller applications with low CPU overhead.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The dependence of stiction and friction on roughness in thin-film magnetic recording disks (1991)

The influence of surface roughness in determining the tribological behavior of carbon coated thin-film magnetic recording disks have been investigated. Contact start/stop and low-speed drag tests were performed on unlubricated disks as well as disks that were coated with different thickness of a perfluoropolyether lubricant. Measurements of stiction and friction were made on disks with different surface roughness and using Al2O3–TiC sliders. Experimental results show that both stiction and friction are reasonably independent of the surface roughness above a certain value but show a sharp increase for tests on the smoother disks. The experimental findings are explained on the basis of currently accepted models for stiction that considers surface tension and viscous properties of the surfaces and possible effects arising from contamination.
Pax3 regulates morphogenetic cell behavior in vitro coincident with activation of a PCP/non-canonical Wnt-signaling cascade (2002)

Mutations to Pax3 and other Pax family genes in both mice and humans result in numerous tissue-specific morphological defects. Little is known, however, about the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which Pax genes regulate morphogenesis. We previously showed that Pax3 induces cell aggregation and a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition in Saos-2 cells. We show here that Pax3-induced aggregates arise through the formation of distinct structures involving cell rearrangements and cell behaviors resembling those that occur during gastrulation and neurulation known as convergent extension. During these Pax3-induced processes, Dishevelled and Frizzled are localized to the actin cytoskeleton and both proteins coimmunoprecipitate focal adhesion components from detergent-insoluble cell fractions. We show further that these Pax3-induced cell movements are associated with activation of a Wnt-signaling cascade, resulting in induction and activation of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase/stress activated protein kinase (JNK/SAPK). All of these Wnt-signaling factors exhibit altered subcellular distribution in Pax3-expressing cells. In particular, we show the localization of JNK/SAPK to both the nucleus and to cytoplasmic multi-vesicular structures. These data show that Pax3 regulates morphogenetic cell behavior and that regulation of a conserved, planar cell polarity/noncanonical Wnt-signaling cascade entailing JNK activation is a function of Pax3 activity.
Phase transfer catalysis: Chemistry and engineering (1998)

Abstract Phase transfer catalysis (PTC) uses catalytic amounts of phase transfer agents which facilitate interphase transfer of species, making reactions between reagents in two immiscible phases possible. PTC is used widely in the synthesis of various organic chemicals in both liquid‐liquid and solid‐liquid systems. Existing literature on PTC is chemistry‐intensive and a mere handful of recent articles constitute the entire information on engineering analysis. This article reviews the field comprehensively by combining the existing knowledge from chemistry with insights into mechanistic and kinetic analysis and mathematical modeling of soluble and insoluble PTC. By its very nature, PTC involves a series of equilibrium and mass‐transfer steps, beside the two main reactions. Neglect of mass‐transfer effects can grossly overpredict the conversion of a PTC mediated reaction. A practical way of using PTC, which enables easy separation, is to immobilize the catalyst on a solid support. Mass‐transfer limitations and higher costs, however, have precluded its commercial use so far, requiring further analysis of mass‐transfer limitations in these complex three‐phase systems. The use of PTC, combined with other rate enhancement techniques like sonochemistry, microwaves, electroorganic synthesis, and photochemistry, is being increasingly explored. Applications in this area in the manufacture of organic intermediates and fine chemicals seem almost unlimited.
Edible Bioactive Fatty Acid−Cellulosic Derivative Composites Used in Food-Packaging Applications (2002)

To develop biodegradable packaging that both acts as a moisture barrier and as antimicrobial activity, nisin and stearic acid were incorporated into a hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) based film. Fifteen percent (w/w HPMC) of stearic acid improved film moisture barrier. However, film mechanical resistance and film antimicrobial activity on Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus pathogenic strains were both reduced. This lower film inhibitory activity was due to interactions between nisin and stearic acid. The molecular interaction was modeled, and an equation was developed to calculate the nisin concentration needed to be incorporated into the film matrix to obtain a desired residual antimicrobial activity. Because the molecular interactions were pH dependent, the impact of the pH of the film-forming solution on film inhibitory activity was investigated. Adjusting the pH to 3 totally avoided stearic acid and nisin interaction, inducing a high film inhibitory activity.
Thrombin Generation Capacity of Prothrombin Complex Concentrate in an In Vitro Dilutional Model (2013)

Background: The use of PCC for the treatment of trauma-induced coagulopathy potentially increase the risk of thromboembolism and disseminated intravascular coagulation, which is addressed to an imbalance of both pro-and anticoagulants. As PCCs differ in composition, we used an in vitro dilutional approach to assess the overall thrombin generation of five different PCCs through various laboratory assays.
A 2 mW 89 dB DR continuous-time ΣΔ ADC with increased immunity to wide-band interferers (2004)

A continuous-time /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ ADC with merged channel filter and programmable-gain functionality is presented. Interferers above full-scale can be applied without jeopardizing reception of weak desired signals. The merged design occupies 0.14 mm/sup 2/ in 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS, consumes 2 mW, and achieves 89 dB of dynamic range (DR) in a 1 MHz bandwidth.
Detecting and Measuring Free Gadolinium in Nanoparticles for MRI Imaging (2010)

This chapter describes a method for the measurement of free gadolinium in nanoparticle samples. Conjugation of a gadolinium-chelate to a nanoparticle allows the particle's distribution to be imaged via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Free (unchelated) gadolinium is a known toxin, being a heavy metal, and may contribute towards total gadolinium concentration. Determining the amount of free gadolinium is therefore an important aspect of the preclinical characterization of gadolinium-chelate MRI imaging agent nanoparticles.
Biochemical and chemotherapeutic studies on 2,4-diamino-6-(2,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-5-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine (BW 301U), a novel lipid-soluble inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase. (1982)

The lipophilic diaminopyridopyrimidine BW 301U (2,4-diamino-6-(2,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-5-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine) is as active as methotrexate as an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase and mammalian cell growth. This compound was selected from among related pyridopyrimidines and other lipid-soluble diaminoheterocyclic compounds as having the most favorable combination of properties as a potent inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase with minimal effects on histamine metabolism. In contrast to methotrexate, entry of BW 301U into cells is rapid and is not temperature dependent, indicating passage across cell membranes by diffusion. There is no competition between BW 301U and leucovorin (folinic acid) for uptake into Sarcoma 180 cells in culture. When BW 301U is added to culture medium, deoxyuridine incorporation ceases within the first few min, and this inhibition persists when cells are transferred to drug-free medium. Both leucovorin and thymidine are required to protect cells in culture from the cytotoxicity of BW 301U. The effect on thymidine biosynthesis appears to be indirect since BW 301U is inactive as an inhibitor of thymidylate synthetase. Hypoxanthine and thymidine restore growth by only 50% in cultures containing BW 301U, and complete restoration of growth requires the further addition of adenosine and either uridine or cytidine to the medium. In vivo, BW 301U is active against Walker 256, L1210, P388, Sarcoma 180, and Ehrlich ascites tumors.
Molecular Profiling Uncovers a p53-Associated Role for MicroRNA-31 in Inhibiting the Proliferation of Serous Ovarian Carcinomas and Other Cancers (2010)

MicroRNAs (miRNA) regulate complex patterns of gene expression, and the relevance of altered miRNA expression to ovarian cancer remains to be elucidated. By comprehensively profiling expression of miRNAs and mRNAs in serous ovarian tumors and cell lines and normal ovarian surface epithelium, we identified hundreds of potential miRNA-mRNA targeting associations underlying cancer. Functional overexpression of miR-31, the most underexpressed miRNA in serous ovarian cancer, repressed predicted miR-31 gene targets including the cell cycle regulator E2F2. MIR31 and CDKN2A, which encode p14(ARF) and p16(INK4A), are located at 9p21.3, a genomic region commonly deleted in ovarian and other cancers. p14(ARF) promotes p53 activity, and E2F2 overexpression in p53 wild-type cells normally leads via p14(ARF) to an induction of p53-dependent apoptosis. In a number of serous cancer cell lines with a dysfunctional p53 pathway (i.e., OVCAR8, OVCA433, and SKOV3), miR-31 overexpression inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis; however, in other lines (i.e., HEY and OVSAYO) with functional p53, miR-31 had no effect. Additionally, the osteosarcoma cell line U2OS and the prostate cancer cell line PC3 (p14(ARF)-deficient and p53-deficient, respectively) were also sensitive to miR-31. Furthermore, miR-31 overexpression induced a global gene expression pattern in OVCAR8 associated with better prognosis in tumors from patients with advanced stage serous ovarian cancer, potentially affecting many genes underlying disease progression. Our findings reveal that loss of miR-31 is associated with defects in the p53 pathway and functions in serous ovarian cancer and other cancers, suggesting that patients with cancers deficient in p53 activity might benefit from therapeutic delivery of miR-31.