gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fate in Model Ecosystems of Microbial Species of Potential Use in Genetic Engineering (1982)

The changes in populations of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Rhizobium meliloti, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were measured after their introduction into samples of sewage, lake water, and soil. Enumeration of small populations was possible because the strains used were resistant to antibiotics in concentrations and combinations such that few species native to these ecosystems were able to grow on agar containing the inhibitors. Fewer than 2 cells per ml of sewage or lake water and 25 cells per g of soil could be detected. A. tumefaciens and R. meliloti persisted in significant numbers with little decline, but S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, S. typhimurium, S. cerevisiae, and vegetative cells of B. subtilis failed to survive in samples of sewage and lake water. In sterile sewage, however, K. pneumoniae, B. subtilis, S. typhimurium, A. tumefaciens, and R. meliloti grew; S. cerevisiae populations were maintained at the levels used for inoculation; and S. aureus died rapidly. In sterile lake water, the population of S. aureus and K. pneumoniae and the number of vegetative cells of B. subtilis declined rapidly, R. meliloti grew, and the other species maintained significant numbers with little or a slow decline. The populations of S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, A. tumefaciens, B. subtilis, and S. typhimurium declined in soil, but the first four species grew in sterile soil. It is suggested that some species persist in environments in which they are not indigenous because they tolerate abiotic stresses, do not lose viability readily when starved, and coexist with antagonists. The species that fails to survive need only be affected by one of these factors.
Effect of a corticotropin releasing hormone receptor antagonist on colonic sensory and motor function in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (2004)

Peripheral administration of alphahCRH improves gastrointestinal motility, visceral perception, and negative mood in response to gut stimulation, without affecting the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in IBS patients.
How Successful Are Recent Immigrants to the United States and Their Children? (2006)

Recent immigrants and their children are a growing component of the United States population, but how well they are adjusting is not well known. In this article I synthesize research regarding the main features of the immigrants' economic status and, because most of their U.S.-born children are still in school, those children's educational status. Immigrants themselves take various paths toward economic advancement, including opening businesses or working in particular occupations or niches found useful by their ethnic group. Better-educated immigrants tend to have higher incomes, but after a 10- or 20-year adjustment period most immigrants attain economic success. The children of immigrants become proficient in English by late in high school and are generally successful in school. They do better in school when their U.S. education builds upon their ethnic heritage and when they avoid detrimental aspects of American culture, but students who do not complete high school run a much greater risk of spending time in jail or prison. I explain how educational achievement varies by ethnic group, gender, race identity, and neighborhood character; the low percentage of college graduates among Mexican-Americans is an especially significant and not easily explained finding.
Resources for coloproctology (2001)

Introduction from the Editor The Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland undertook a project to define the resources required for Colorectal surgical practice in the UK. This was carried out by the Clinical Services Committee chaired by Professor Christopher Marks. A summary of the Report is published below.
End-to-End Architecture for Adaptive Communication Systems (2006)

Reconfigurability is considered the collection of software and cognitive radio technologies that aim to differentiate user perception in volatile radio conditions while optimizing the use of network resources. The realization of equipment reconfiguration through software download and the efficient utilisation of spectrum require coordinated distribution of functionality among the user, control, and management planes. This contribution presents the end-to-end architecture of future adaptive communication systems based on the Reconfiguration Management Plane model, which includes intelligence for policy-based context-aware decision making, negotiation control, software download, and dynamic spectrum management. The paper presents the RMP functional model, describes the dependencies and associations of the constituent context management module, and delineates the end-to-end quality of service negotiation information flow when introducing dynamic spectrum access in user-to-user communication scenarios.
Skype Hacks: Tips & Tools for Cheap, Fun, Innovative Phone Service (Hacks) (2005)

If you've heard about Skype--and who hasn't with all the recent media attention devoted to internet telephone services--chances are you've been mighty tempted to try it out. Skype Hacks tells you what all the Skype hype is about, explains the basics, and shows you more than 100 clever tips and tricks for tweaking and tuning Skype to make it do just what you want and more. Millions of people (48 million and counting, in fact) have opted for Skype, which uses peer-to-peer (P2P) technology to turn any PC, Mac, or Pocket PC into a telephone. Skype offers free calls between computers and extremely cheap calls to old-fashioned phone numbers (landlines and mobile phones). The sound quality is excellent, and end-to-end encryption means the connection is private and secure. But if you really know what you're doing, Skype can accomplish a whole lot more than that. Software developer and author Andrew Sheppard recently converted his entire house to Skype and uses it for all his personal and business calls, even when he's traveling. In Skype Hacks, he shows you how to do things with the technology that even the engineers at Skype probably never intended. Skype Hacks shows you how to: Get started with Skype Figure out how much money you're saving and maximize your savings Cut the ties to your old phone company Optimize your Skype configuration Integrate Skype with desktop tools like Microsoft Office and your web browser Set up a Skype-based call center The book offers ideas for creating and organizing a contacts list, using Skype to transfer files, taking advantage of chat and voicemail capabilities, turning a PDA into a mobile phone, and automating Skype for even greater efficiency. So whether you'd simply like to give Skype a trial run, you want new Skype ring tones and fun on-hold music, or you're considering wiring your home with Skype to get rid of regular phone service altogether, Skype Hacks is your ideal guide.
Structure-based analysis of VDAC1: N-terminus location, translocation, channel gating and association with anti-apoptotic proteins (2012)

Structural studies place the VDAC1 (voltage-dependent anion channel 1) N-terminal region within the channel pore. Biochemical and functional studies, however, reveal that the N-terminal domain is cytoplasmically exposed. In the present study, the location and translocation of the VDAC1 N-terminal domain, and its role in voltage-gating and as a target for anti-apoptotic proteins, were addressed. Site-directed mutagenesis and cysteine residue substitution, together with a thiol-specific cross-linker, served to show that the VDAC1 N-terminal region exists in a dynamic equilibrium, located within the pore or exposed outside the β-barrel. Using a single cysteine-residue-bearing VDAC1, we demonstrate that the N-terminal region lies inside the pore. However, the same region can be exposed outside the pore, where it dimerizes with the N-terminal domain of a second VDAC1 molecule. When the N-terminal region α-helix structure was perturbed, intra-molecular cross-linking was abolished and dimerization was enhanced. This mutant also displays reduced voltage-gating and reduced binding to hexokinase, but not to the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Replacing glycine residues in the N-terminal domain GRS (glycine-rich sequence) yielded less intra-molecular cross-linked product but more dimerization, suggesting that GRS provides the flexibility needed for N-terminal translocation from the internal pore to the channel face. N-terminal mobility may thus contribute to channel gating and interaction with anti-apoptotic proteins.
Role of TGFβ in skin inflammation and carcinogenesis (2006)

The functions of transforming growth factor beta-1(TGFbeta1) are cell-context specific. We have found that TGFbeta1 expression in human skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) samples has two distinct distribution patterns: (1) either predominantly in suprabasal layers or (2) throughout tumor epithelia including basal proliferative cells. To understand whether the spatial TGFbeta1 expression patterns affect its functions, we have generated several keratinocyte-specific transgenic mouse models in which TGFbeta1 overexpression can be induced either predominantly in the suprabasal epidermis or in the basal layer of the epidermis and hair follicles. Suprabasal TGFbeta1 overexpression inhibits keratinocyte proliferation, suppresses skin carcinogenesis at early stages, but promotes tumor invasion at later stages. In contrast, TGFbeta1 overexpression in the basal layer of the epidermis and hair follicles causes a severe inflammatory skin disorder and epidermal hyperproliferation. Given the importance of inflammation in cancer development, our data suggest that TGFbeta1-induced skin inflammation may override its tumor suppressive effect at early stages during skin carcinogenesis. This hypothesis is further suggested by our recent study that Smad3 knockout mice are resistant to skin chemical carcinogenesis at least in part via abrogation of endogenous TGFbeta1-induced inflammation. This review intends to summarize current insights into the role of TGFbeta1 in skin inflammation and carcinogenesis.
Mobile speed estimation for hierarchical wireless network (2005)

The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file.
High-power 4H-SiC JBS rectifiers (2002)

This paper reports the detailed design, fabrication, and characterization of two sets of high-power 4H-silicon carbide (4H-SiC) junction barrier Schottky (JBS) diodes - one with a 1500-V, 4-A capability and another with 1410-V, 20-A capability. Two-dimensional (2-D) device simulations show that a grid spacing of 4 /spl mu/m results in the most optimum trade-off between the on-state and off-state characteristics for these device ratings. JBS diodes with linear and honeycombed p/sup +/ grids, Schottky diodes and implanted p-i-n diodes fabricated alongside show that while 4H-SiC JBS diodes behave similar to,Schottky diodes in the on-state and switching characteristics, they show reverse characteristics similar to p-i-n diodes. Measurements on 4H-SiC JBS diodes indicate that the reverse-recovery time (/spl tau//sub rr/) and associated losses are near-zero even at a high reverse dI/dt of 75 A//spl mu/s. A dc/dc converter efficiency improvement of 3-6% was obtained over the fastest, lower blocking voltage silicon (Si) diode when operated in the 100-200 kHz range.
Chronic Orthostatic Intolerance (1998)

COI is characterized by an overall enhancement of noradrenergic tone at rest and by a blunted postganglionic sympathetic response to standing, with a compensatory cardiac sympathetic overactivity. Baroreflex mechanisms maintain their functional responsiveness. These data suggest that in COI, the functional distribution of central sympathetic tone to the heart and vasculature is abnormal.
Map detection in noisy channels with synchronization errors (including the insertion/deletion channel) (2003)

In this paper, we consider the problem of mini- mizing the symbol error probability when detecting a sequence of symbols transmitted through channels with synchronization errors (or, timing uncertainties). The channels may also be cor- rupted by additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and intersym- bo1 interference (ISI). We build a special trellis to jointly charac- terize the IS1 channel and the timing uncertainty, then propose a soft-output detection algorithm that performs maximum a pos- tenon probability detection on each input symbol as well as the timing uncertainty of each received sample.
Scheduling and motion planning for autonomous grain carts (2015)

In this paper, we address the problem of motion planning for an autonomous grain cart. Contrary to prevailing practices in farming wherein one grain cart is allocated to each combine harvester, we envision a scenario in which one grain cart can serve multiple combine harvesters. This gives rise to challenging problems in scheduling and motion planning for the grain cart. In this work, we initially propose a scheduling scheme for a single grain cart to unload multiple combine harvesters without any interruption in the activity of the combines. The proposed algorithm can accommodate arbitrary number of combines. Based on the scheduling scheme, a planner is used to synthesize a feasible path for the grain cart. Finally, simulation results are presented to validate the feasibility of the proposed technique.
Long-Baseline Deep Ocean Acoustic Tracking and Telemetry System (1981)

A portable, long-baseline acoustic tracking system incorporating an acoustic data telemetry link has been developed for deep ocean applications. The system is capable of tracking a surface ship and a submerged object with respect to a bottom-mounted transponder array to an accuracy of better than 10 m. Position updates of the ship and object along with data from the object are obtained every 15 to 20 s. The acoustic communication range of the system is 10 km, which permits tracking of the surface ship in an area of approximately 150 square kilometers in water with a depth of 6 km. This paper describes the general characteristics of the system, including the components, tracking and surveying methods, tracking accuracy, and the results of field tests.
Endothelial-dependent procoagulant and anticoagulant mechanisms. Recent advances in understanding. (1994)

Modulation of endothelial cell coagulant function is one of a group of changes common to many cytokine-mediated events. Changes that 1) cause migration of leukocytes, 2) increase vascular permeability, and 3) increase the thrombotic potential occur at atherosclerotic arterial branch points, in tumor vasculature, and at sites of inflammation. Regulation of procoagulant activity on the luminal surface of the vessel is crucial and is achieved by presentation of a predominantly anticoagulant surface on the endothelium. Inflammatory mediators can cause a decrease in the expression of the anticoagulant mechanisms and up-regulation of the procoagulant tissue factor. However, under these conditions very little tissue factor is exposed to the blood; instead it is sequestered under the endothelium and presumably becomes exposed only when significant vascular damage is present. Inhibition of intravascular coagulation by factor IXai without impairment of extravascular hemostasis suggests that when tissue factor concentrations are low, the continued generation of factor Xa is dependent on the presence of factor IXa. The demonstration that the blockade of factor IXa is selective for prevention of intravascular thrombus formation suggests a new means for managing intravascular thrombosis without altering the normal hemostatic mechanisms.
Selective Loss of S-Cones in Diabetic Retinopathy (2000)

Selective loss of S-cones may contribute to the tritan-like color vision deficit seen in patients with diabetic retinopathy.
Sulfur–Carbon Nanocomposite Cathodes Improved by an Amphiphilic Block Copolymer for High-Rate Lithium–Sulfur Batteries (2012)

A sulfur-carbon nanocomposite consisting of a commercial high-surface-area carbon (i.e., Black Pearls 2000, BET surface area >1000 m² g⁻¹) and sulfur has been synthesized by an in situ deposition method. The nanocomposite is in the form of agglomerated nanoparticles, with the micropores within the carbon filled with sulfur and the mesopores on the carbon surface almost completely covered by sulfur. The BET surface area of the nanocomposite containing a sulfur content of 63.5 wt % is significantly reduced to only 40 m² g⁻¹. Cathodes containing the nanocomposite and Pluronic F-127 block copolymer, which partially replaces the polyvinylidene fluoride binder, were prepared and evaluated in lithium cells by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cycling. The nanocomposite cathodes with the copolymer show improved electrochemical stability and cyclability. The Pluronic copolymer helps retain a uniform nanocomposite structure within the electrodes, improving the electrochemical contact, which was manifested by scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The sulfur-Black Pearls nanocomposite with the Pluronic copolymer as an additive in the electrodes is promising for high-rate rechargeable lithium-sulfur batteries.
Countermeasures Against Branch Target Buffer Attacks (2007)

Branch Prediction Analysis has been recently proposed as an attack method to extract the key from software implementations of the RSA public key cryptographic algorithm. In this paper, we describe several solutions to protect against such an attack and analyze their impact on the execution time of the cryptographic algorithm. We show that the code transformations required for protection against branch target buffer attacks can be automated and impose only a negligible performance penalty.
Creation of Stepwise Concentration Gradient in Picoliter Droplets for Parallel Reactions of Matrix Metalloproteinase II and IX (2011)

We present a new methodology for generating a stepwise concentration gradient in a series of microdroplets by using monolithic micro valves that act as "faucets" in micrometer-scale. A distinct concentration gradient of a substrate was generated for the determination of the kinetic parameters of two different enzymes using only 10 picoliter-scale droplets. With a single experiment on a chip, we obtained K(M) and k(cat) values of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), and compared the catalytic competence of the two enzymes. The present system and method are highly suitable for applications where the reagents or samples are limited and precious.
InP-Based Mach–Zehnder Modulator With Capacitively Loaded Traveling-Wave Electrodes (2008)

InP-based Mach-Zehnder modulators with capacitively loaded traveling-wave electrodes (CL-TWEs), which have segmented structures along the optical waveguides, are presented. Devices with various structural parameters for gap length (the length between adjacent segmented phase modulators) and total active length were fabricated and investigated both optically and electrically. Excellent characteristics such as characteristic impedance matching to 50 Omega and low electrical propagation losses were obtained. Using the optimum structures, 40- and 10-Gb/s large signal operations were successfully performed with peak-to-peak driving voltages of 3.0 and 1.2 V, respectively. The effects of structural parameters, such as gap length and total active length on electrical and optical modulation properties, are discussed.
Review of diagnostic error in anatomical pathology and the role and value of second opinions in error prevention (2018)

It was possible to ascertain that gynaecology, dermatopathology and gastrointestinal specimens had presented the greatest diagnostic challenge to the participant pathologists, determined as highest rate of diagnostic inaccuracy, that is, major discordance with respective case target diagnoses.Through a combination of routine second opinions, directed retrospective peer review and participation in appropriate external quality assurance schemes, the risk associated with these diagnoses can be minimised.
Expression of Concern: Optimizing the Design of Tunable Spiral Inductors for On-Chip Wireless Applications (2006)

In this paper, we develop an optimization methodology for tunable spiral inductors in fully integrated wireless systems. The methodology simultaneously maximizes the inductor's performance for multiple inductance values and operating frequencies. We utilize multi-level optimization techniques to efficiently design the geometry of the tunable inductor structure. The methodology can produce designs with significantly better quality factors than those obtained by optimizing the inductor design for a single inductance value and operating frequency. The methodology will enable the realization of high quality tunable inductors for fully integrated multi-band and wideband wireless systems
[Measurement of coronary flow reserve by pressure/temperature sensor guide wire-based thermodilution in experimental models]. (2002)

Temperature of the injected water, and the position of the sensor, the side branch and the stenotic lesion may influence measurements of CFR-thermo. These effects should be considered when CFR is measured by the thermodilution method.
Structure from stereo-a review (1989)

The authors review major recent developments in establishing stereo correspondence for the extraction of the 3D structure of a scene. Broad categories of stereo algorithms are identified on the basis of differences in imaging geometry, matching primitives, and the computational structure used. The performance of these stereo techniques on various classes of test images is reviewed, and possible directions of future research are indicated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>In vivo</i> evaluation of <sup>188</sup>Re‐labeled alpha‐melanocyte stimulating hormone peptide analogs for melanoma therapy (2002)

The purpose of our study was to optimize melanoma tumor uptake of 188Re-CCMSH and reduce its nonspecific kidney retention. Nephrotoxicity is often a serious problem associated with targeted radiotherapy, therefore, increasing the tumor/kidney uptake ratio of 188Re-CCMSH is crucial for optimizing its therapeutic efficacy. Structural modification of the peptide and amino acid co-infusion were investigated as strategies to improve the tumor/kidney uptake ratio of 188Re-CCMSH. The substitution of Lys11 with Arg11 was examined to determine if removal of lysine from the peptide would improve kidney clearance without sacrificing tumor uptake. The pharmacokinetics of 188Re-CCMSH and 188Re-(Arg(11))CCMSH were determined in B16/F1 murine melanoma-bearing C57 mice. Tumor uptake values of (188)Re-CCMSH and 188Re-(Arg(11))CCMSH were 15.03 +/- 5.20% ID/g and 20.44 +/- 1.91% ID/g at 1 hr postinjection and 1.94 +/- 0.47% ID/g and 3.50 +/- 2.32% ID/g at 24 hr postinjection. Renal retention of 188Re-(Arg(11))CCMSH was 11.79 +/- 1.29 ID/g and 3.67 +/- 0.51 ID/g at 1 hr and 4 hr postinjection, which was a greater than 50% reduction compared to 188Re-CCMSH. The Arg for Lys substitution in 188Re-(Arg(11))CCMSH resulted in improved tumor uptake and reduced kidney retention. Renal retention of both 188Re-CCMSH and 188Re-(Arg(11))CCMSH were significantly reduced by co-injection of 20 mg of L-lysine, L-arginine and a combination of L-lysine:L-arginine. Tumor/kidney uptake values for 188Re-CCMSH and 188Re-(Arg(11))CCMSH were maximally reduced by 52.9% and 46.3%, respectively. However, even with amino acid co-injection, the tumor/kidney ratio of 188Re-CCMSH was lower than that of 188Re-(Arg(11))CCMSH. Improved tumor uptake and reduced kidney retention of 188Re-(Arg(11))CCMSH will facilitate targeted irradiation of melanoma tumors while minimizing the dose to the kidneys.