gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large-signal 2T, 1C DRAM cell: signal and layout analysis (1994)

This paper presents a general signal and layout analysis for the two-transistor, one-capacitor DRAM cell. The 2T, 1C configuration enables significantly larger, typically /spl gsim/3x, raw sense-signal than is achievable in conventional 1T, 1C cells. In general, stray capacitances at the capacitor nodes further increase the signal level; an exact analytic formula is derived in this case, including the dependence upon bitline precharge level. With trench technology, the 2T, 1C cell occupies 25-30% more area than a corresponding folded-bitline 1T, 1C cell; an implementation employing a buried strap is proposed. Maximization of array density requires multiplexing bitlines to sense amps.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CMOS RF receiver system design: a systematic approach (2006)

A unified system-level design methodology for highly integrated CMOS radio frequency receiver design is introduced. This complete system-level design methodology is targeted to minimize the total power consumption of the receiver. System-level design techniques which can be used to derive the overall receiver radio specifications and study noise and linearity performance of receivers are presented. Then, a few circuit examples of building blocks in receiver signal chain are analyzed to show a linear relationship between power and dynamic range of the blocks. The result is then used to derive the optimal system specification distribution among receiver signal chain building blocks yielding the minimum total receiver power consumption for a given system performance. The theory and an actual CMOS Bluetooth receiver design are compared showing very good agreement.
Visualizing multivariate functions, data, and distributions (1991)

The problem of visualizing a scalar-dependent variable that is a function of many independent variables is addressed, focusing on cases with three or more independent variables. A hierarchical axis using different metrics for each independent variable is used, as are hierarchical data symbols. The technique is described for the case in which each independent variable is sampled in a regular grid or lattice-like fashion (that is, in equal increments), but it can be generalized to a variety of less restrictive domains. Rather than presenting a formal mathematical description, the authors use a visual means of describing the technique for a simple three-dimensional data case, and then demonstrate by example how to extend it to higher dimensions. It is demonstrated that these techniques for plotting scalar fields on an N-dimensional lattice work for such data visualization tasks as the location of maxima, minima, saddle points, and other features, as well as for visually fitting multivariate data and the visual determination of dominant and weak or irrelevant variables.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of ergocornine and ergocryptine on growth of 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene-induced mammary tumors in rats. (1971)

Summary The effects of ergocornine and ergocryptine on growth of 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene-induced mammary tumors were investigated in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Sixty-eight rats with tumors were divided into 5 groups, and 3 groups were given s.c. injections every day for 4 weeks with ergocornine or ergocryptine; 1 intact and 1 ovariectomized group served as controls. The intact controls showed a significant increase in number and size of tumors throughout the treatment period, whereas ergocornine produced a significant reduction in number and size of tumors, paralleling the effects seen in the ovariectomized controls. Ergocryptine suppressed mammary tumor growth throughout the treatment period but produced no significant decrease in number and size of tumors. When ergocornine treatment was terminated at the end of 4 weeks, prompt renewal of mammary tumor growth was observed. Inhibition of mammary tumor growth in rats by these drugs is believed to be due to their demonstrated suppression of pituitary prolactin secretion.
The insulin receptor substrate-1-related 4PS substrate but not the interleukin-2R gamma chain is involved in interleukin-13-mediated signal transduction (1995)

Interleukin-13 (IL-13) induced a potent mitogenic response in IL-3-dependent TF-1 cells and DNA synthesis to a lesser extent in MO7E and FDC-P1 cells. IL-13 stimulation of these lines, like IL-4 and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), resulted in tyrosine phosphorylation of a 170-kD substrate. The tyrosine-phosphorylated 170-kD substrate strongly associated with the 85-kD subunit of phosphoinositol-3 (PI-3) kinase and with Grb-2. Anti-4PS serum readily detected the 170-kD substrate in lysates from both TF-1 and FDC-P1 cells stimulated with IL-13 or IL-4. These data provide evidence that IL-13 induces tyrosine phosphorylation of the 4PS substrate, providing an essential interface between the IL-13 receptor and signaling molecules containing SH2 domains. IL-13 and IL-4 stimulation of murine L cell fibroblasts, which endogenously express the IL-4 receptor (IL-4R alpha) and lack expression of the IL-2 receptor gamma subunit (IL-2R gamma), resulted in tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1)/4PS. Enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1/4PS was observed in response to IL-4, but not IL-13 treatment of L cells transfected with the IL-2R gamma chain. These results indicate that IL-13 does not use the IL-2R gamma subunit in its receptor complex and that expression of IL-2R gamma enhances, but is not absolutely required for mediating IL-4-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1/4PS.
Supersonic laminar flow control on commercial transports (1990)

This paper provides an overview of the status of supersonic laminar flow control. Existing research into the aerodynamic problems of subsonic and supersonic laminar flow control is first reviewed to provide a prospective for subsequent discussions of recent studies to evaluate the potential performance benefits of the application of laminar flow control to supersonic transports. A flight research program to provide a realistic assessment of the technical feasibility is then described.
The Pittsburgh Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) Registry: The Incidence of Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania (1965–1976) (1981)

An insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus Registry has been developed in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, through hospital record review and surveillance of pediatric practices. The yearly incidence ranged from 10/100,000 for nonwhite males to 16/100,000 for white males. There were no temporal trends in incidence for 1965-1976 nor major sex differences. Nonwhites had a slightly lower incidence, primarily in the younger age groups.
A compressed classical description of quantum states (2018)

We show how to approximately represent a quantum state using the square root of the usual amount of classical memory. The classical representation of an $n$-qubit state $ψ$ consists of its inner products with $O(\sqrt{2^n})$ stabilizer states. A quantum state initially specified by its $2^n$ entries in the computational basis can be compressed to this form in time $O(2^n \mathrm{poly}(n))$, and, subsequently, the compressed description can be used to additively approximate the expectation value of an arbitrary observable. Our compression scheme directly gives a new protocol for the vector in subspace problem with randomized one-way communication complexity that matches (up to polylogarithmic factors) the optimal upper bound, due to Raz. We obtain an exponential improvement over Raz's protocol in terms of computational efficiency.
Technical note: Minimal conditions for venturi aeration of water flows (2005)

Air vacuum processes with venturi, simple in design and easy to operate, have been used in a wide variety of industrial and water/waste water treatment applications in environmental engineering. The air vacuum process occurs when a minimal amount of differential pressure exists between the inlet and outlet regions of a venturi device. This paper introduces an air vacuum process within a venturi device and its relationship with the Reynolds number. In this case study, air vacuum characteristics such as volumetric air flowrate were studied, depending on water flowrate. An empirical correlation for air vacuum with a venturi device is presented to predict the volumetric air flowrate (Q a ) as a function of water flowrate (Q w ), diameter of throat (d 2 ), diameter of air vent or suction port (d h ) and Reynolds number (Re). A minimal Reynolds number for absorption of air is observed in the transition flow region for the inlet of a venturi device (Re ≥ 1900) and in the turbulent flow region for the throat of a venturi (Re ≥ 3900).
<title>Symmetrical segmentation-based image coding</title> (1993)

An image coding technique based on symmetry extraction and Binary Space Partitioning (BSP) tree representation for still pictures is presented. Axes of symmetry, detected through a principal axis of inertia approach and a coefficient of symmetry measure, are used to divide recursively an input image into a finite number of convex regions. This recursive partitioning results in the BSP tree representation of the image data. The iterative partition occurs whenever the current left/right node of the tree cannot be represented `symmetrically' by its counterpart, i.e., the right/left node. This splitting process may also end whenever the region associated with a given node has homogeneous characteristics or its size falls below a certain threshold. Given a BSP tree partition for a given input image, and the `seed' leaf nodes (i.e., those that cannot be generated by mirroring their counterparts), the remaining leaf nodes of the tree are reconstructed using a predictive scheme with respect to the `seed' leaf nodes.
Transgenic mice overexpressing human KvLQT1 dominant-negative isoform Part I: Phenotypic characterisation (2001)

Our transgenic mouse model suggests a role for KvLQT1 channels not only in the mouse cardiac repolarisation but also in the sinus node automaticity and in the propagation of the impulse through the AV node.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Recycled Aggregate Concrete in Seawater Environment (2013)

This study aims to conduct research about the microstructure and basic properties of recycled aggregate concrete under seawater corrosion. Concrete specimens were fabricated and tested with different replacement percentages of 0%, 30%, and 60% after immersing in seawater for 4, 8, 12, and 16 months, respectively. The basic properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) including the compressive strength, the elastic modulus, and chloride penetration depth were explicitly investigated. And the microstructure of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) was revealed to find the seawater corrosion by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that higher amount of the RCA means more porosity and less strength, which could lower both the compressive strength and resistance to chloride penetration. This research could be a guide in theoretical and numerical analysis for the design of RAC structures.
Synthesis of platinum(II) complexes of 4-substituted o-phenylenediamine derivatives and determination of their antitumor activity. (1979)

Pt (II) complexes of 4-substituted o-phenylenediamine (opda-R ; R=CH3, OCH3, H, Cl, COOH, NO2, and SO3H), PtX2 (opda-R), were synthesized and tested for antitumor activity against P-388 leukemia. The infrared spectra of those complexes were analyzed to assign the Pt-N stretching vibrations on the basis of the halogeno trans effect and Hammett's σ values. The assigned Pt-N strectching vibrations were related to the antitumor activities of the opda-R Pt (II) complexes.
Polymer nano-dielectrics for high density energy storage (2014)

Military and commercial users require next-generation polymer dielectric materials for pulse power and power conditioning applications with rise times less than 1 ms and AC power at frequencies ranging from kHz to MHz. These power density and rate capability requirements necessitate the use of dielectric capacitors that store energy via polarization of electrons in molecular scale dipoles. Multiphase polymer composites and all-polymer dielectrics could be new kinds of materials to meet this acute need for capacitors with compact size and high rate capability. The polymer nanocomposite (PNC) approach to achieve high energy density employed a “colossal” dielectric constant material, calcium copper titanate, CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) as filler, and high dielectric breakdown strength and low loss polycarbonate (PC) as the polymer matrix. This work systematically analyzes CCTO/PC composites, starting with low field dielectric properties (dielectric constant, dielectric loss) and extending to (for the first time) high field D-E polarization behavior. Our findings suggest that CCTO/PC composites are promising for applications requiring high dielectric constant at low field strength, but not as dielectrics for high density, pulse power energy storage. “Multiphase all-polymer dielectric” materials is a novel approach to meet the high rate capability demand in dielectric capacitors. Our chemistry collaborators synthesized variety of new homopolymers and copolymers that are hypothesized to form phase-separated, interfacially-dominated structures capable of storing energy through electronic conduction and interfacial polarization. The polymer architecture features a combination of conducting and insulating segments hypothesized to form phase-segregated domains with high electronic conductivity, surrounded by insulating domains that prevent percolation and inter-domain conduction. It is hoped that this method will circumvent shortcomings in existing polymeric dielectric materials for high density energy storage applications. The main result is a terthiophene-containing (PTTEMA) polymer that can store energy density up to 1.54 J/cm3, higher than commercially available biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) at 200 MV/m applied electric field. In addition, different approaches, such as PTTEMA grafted onto barium titanate/PTTEMA composites and PTTEMA/PS polymer blends, have been employed to optimize PTTEMA polymers to make them suitable for pulse power applications. Finally, COMSOLTM simulations were used to understand how polymer composites microstructure affects material polarization.
Political education (1976)

If this superstitious fear of spirits were taken away, and with it, prognostics from dreams, false prophecies, and many other things depending thereon, by which crafty ambitious persons abuse the simple people, men would be much more fitted than they are for civil obedience. And this ought to be the work of the schools [Thomas HObbes 1 ]
A Practical and Convenient Protocol for the Synthesis of (<i>E</i>)-α,β-Unsaturated Acids (2013)

α,β-Unsaturated acids are very useful and versatile reagents in organic synthesis. A novel, practical, and convenient catalytic protocol comprising FeCl3·6H2O (0.5 mol %) and H2O (1 equiv) in CH3NO2 is described for the rapid synthesis of α,β-unsaturated acids with high E-stereoselectivity under both microwave and conventional heating conditions with high TON and TOF values. This powerful approach efficiently demonstrated the utility of biomass derived aldehydes to build chemical agents used as fuel additives. The method proved to be scalable to gram scale synthesis.
Effect of Butanol Challenge and Temperature on Lipid Composition and Membrane Fluidity of Butanol-Tolerant <i>Clostridium acetobutylicum</i> (1987)

The effect of butanol challenge (0, 1.0, 1.5% [vol/vol]) and growth temperature (22, 37, 42 degrees C) on the membrane composition and fluidity of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 and a butanol-tolerant mutant, SA-2, was examined in chemically defined medium. Growth of strain ATCC 824 into the stationary phase coincided with a gradual increase in the percent saturated to percent unsaturated (SU) fatty acid ratio. When challenged with butanol at 22 and 37 degrees C, ATCC 824 demonstrated an immediate (within 30 min) dose-response increase in the SU ratio. This strain showed little additional change over a 48-h fermentation. Compared with ATCC 824, growth of SA-2 into the late stationary phase at 22 or 37 degrees C resulted in an overall greater increase in the SU ratio for both unchallenged and challenged cells. This effect was minimized when SA-2 was challenged at 42 degrees C, probably due to the combination of the membrane fluidizing effect of butanol and the elevated temperature. Growth at 42 degrees C resulted in an increase in longer acyl chain fatty acids at the expense of shorter acyl chains for both strains. The membrane fluidity exhibited by SA-2 remained essentially constant at various butanol challenge and temperature combinations, while that for the ATCC 824 strain increased with increasing butanol challenge. By synthesizing an increased amount of saturated fatty acids, the butanol-tolerant SA-2 strain has apparently developed a mechanism for maintaining a more stable membrane environment. Growth of the microorganism is necessary for butanol to fluidize the membrane. Incorporation of exogenous fatty acids (18:1) did not significantly improve the butanol tolerance of either strain. Since SA-2 was able to produce only trace amounts of either butanol or acetone, increased tolerance to butanol does not necessarily coincide with greater solvent yields in this strain.
Clinical experience with cerebral oximetry in stroke and cardiac arrest (2000)

Objective: To address the ability and reliability of the INVOS 3100A (Somanetics, Troy, MI) cerebral oximeter to detect cerebral desaturation in patients and the interpretation of cerebral oximetry measurements using the INVOS 3100A in stroke and cardiac arrest. Design: Case reports of two patients. Setting: Neurologic Intensive Care Unit of a University Hospital. Patients: Two patients suffering occlusive strokes of the middle cerebral artery. One later suffered a cardiac arrest. Results: The first case, a patient who suffered cardiac arrest while undergoing continuous cerebral oximetry, clearly demonstrated the ability of the INVOS 3100A to detect rapid tissue vascular oxyhemoglobin desaturation in the brain during circulatory arrest. In the second case, oximetry readings were obtained in a patient with a right internal carotid artery occlusion and an infarct in the middle cerebral artery territory. The circulation of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) territory was intact. Stable xenon-computed tomography of local cerebral blood flow showed no perfusion in the infarct, and oximetry readings were between 60 and 65. In the border zone between the middle cerebral artery and the ACA, readings of 35 to 40 were obtained, and over the ACA territory, the readings were in the 60s. Conclusions: Oximetry by near infrared spectroscopy reflects the balance between regional oxygen supply and demand. In dead or infarcted nonmetabolizing brain, saturation may be near normal because of sequestered cerebral venous blood in capillaries and venous capacitance vessels and contribution from overlying tissue. In regionally or globally ischemic, but metabolizing brain, saturation decreases because oxygen supply is insufficient to meet metabolic demand. These observations are supported by previously reported "normal" readings in unperfused or dead brains.
Economic Contributions of the Florida Citrus Industry in 2015-16 (2018)

This 2-page fact sheet written by Christa D. Court, Alan W. Hodges, Mohammad Rahmani, and Thomas H. Spreen and published by the UF/IFAS Food and Resource Economics Department describes the economic contributions of the citrus industry to the state of Florida in fiscal year 2015/16, updating previous studies for 2012/13 and 2014/15 and previous estimates for the economic impacts of citrus greening disease. edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fe1021
Low-flow active and passive sampling of VOCs using thermal desorption tubes: theory and application at an offset printing facility (2002)

While air sampling techniques using adsorbent-based collection, thermal desorption and chromatographic analysis have found a niche in ambient air sampling, occupational applications have been more limited. This paper evaluates the use of thermal desorption techniques for low flow active and passive sampling configurations which allow conveniently long duration sampling in occupational settings and other high concentration environments. The use of an orifice enables flows as low as 0.5 ml min(-1) and sampling periods up to several days without significant biases. A model is used to predict sampling rates of a passive sampler encompassing an orifice, a void space, glass wool, and the adsorbent. Laboratory and field tests conducted at a commercial offset printing facility, which contained a variety of volatile organic compounds (primarily aromatic but also a few chlorinated and terpene compounds at levels from 1 to 67,000 microg m(-3)), are used to evaluate the approach. Tenax GR and Carbosieve SIII, both singly and together, were employed as adsorbents. Side-by-side tests comparing high flow, low flow and passive samplers show excellent agreement and high linearity (r = 0.95) for concentrations spanning nearly five orders of magnitude. Active samplers were tested at flows as low as 0.5 ml min(-1), compared to typical flows up to 40 ml min(-1). Passive samplers demonstrated a linear range and agreement with predictions for adsorbate loadings from approximately 1 ng to nearly 10 microg. Using a chemical mass balance receptor model, concentrations in the facility were apportioned to solvents, inks and other indoor and outdoor sources. Overall, the use of low flow active and passive sampling approaches employing thermal desorption techniques provides good performance and tremendous flexibility that facilitates use in many applications, including workplace settings.
Ultracentrifugation-free chromatography-mediated large-scale purification of recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 1 (rAAV1) (2016)

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) is an attractive tool for gene transfer and shows potential for use in human gene therapies. The current methods for the production and purification of rAAV from the transfected cell lysate are mainly based on cesium chloride and iodixanol density ultracentrifugation, although those are not scalable. Meanwhile, chromatography-based systems are more scalable. Therefore, in this study, we developed a novel method for the production and purification of rAAV serotype 1 (rAAV1) from serum-free culture supernatant based on ion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography to obtain highly purified products with an ultracentrifugation-free technique towards Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) production. The purified rAAV1 displayed three clear and sharp bands (VP1, VP2, and VP3) following sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and more than 90% of rAAV1 particles contained fully packaged viral genomes according to negative-stain electron micrographic analysis. Consequently, the resultant genomic titer of the purified rAAV1 was 3.63 × 10(13) v.g./ml (the total titer was 4.17 × 10(13) v.g.) from the 4 × 10(9) HEK293 cells. This novel chromatography-based method will facilitate scale-up of manufacturing for clinical applications in gene therapy.
Microwave imaging of cerebral edema (1982)

A microwave-transmission technique for detection and monitoring of cerebral edema is presented. It is shown by use of a head model that the microwave signal correlates with variable quantities of excess water. The technique is capable of detecting fluid-volume changes as low as 1 percent.