gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Natural and Realistic Single Image Super-Resolution With Explicit Natural Manifold Discrimination (2019)

Recently, many convolutional neural networks for single image super-resolution (SISR) have been proposed, which focus on reconstructing the high-resolution images in terms of objective distortion measures. However, the networks trained with objective loss functions generally fail to reconstruct the realistic fine textures and details that are essential for better perceptual quality. Recovering the realistic details remains a challenging problem, and only a few works have been proposed which aim at increasing the perceptual quality by generating enhanced textures. However, the generated fake details often make undesirable artifacts and the overall image looks somewhat unnatural. Therefore, in this paper, we present a new approach to reconstructing realistic super-resolved images with high perceptual quality, while maintaining the naturalness of the result. In particular, we focus on the domain prior properties of SISR problem. Specifically, we define the naturalness prior in the low-level domain and constrain the output image in the natural manifold, which eventually generates more natural and realistic images. Our results show better naturalness compared to the recent super-resolution algorithms including perception-oriented ones.
Urban Velocity Fields (1970)

The city is not an undifferentiated terrain and travel does not occur along straight-line paths at constant velocities. Variations in travel velocities at different locations bend the minimum time paths away from regions of high congestion. This paper discusses a transformation of the urban plane into a time surface on which distance corresponds to travel time, and describes the construction of minimum paths and isochrones for various velocity fields. This view of the urban transportation system allows us to discover some of the important features which are often hidden in a network description of the system.
El estudio científico de los sueños lúcidos (2015)

Los seres humanos pasamos casi un tercio de nuestras vidas durmiendo. Sin embargo, aún desconocemos muchos aspectos de lo que sucede al dormir y soñar. Por ejemplo, algunas personas afirman que pueden estar conscientes durante el sueño, y que son capaces de controlar lo que sueñan. Pero… ¿es esto posible? ¿Podemos controlar realmente un sueño? Aunque parezca increíble, la respuesta a esta pregunta es afirmativa: sí, es posible estar consciente en un sueño y tomar decisiones que modifiquen su curso. Más aún, esto es conocido para la ciencia desde hace casi cuarenta años. A pesar de esto no es un resultado que haya tenido gran divulgación para el público en general. En este artículo voy a contar algunos estudios científicos sobre este tipo de sueños, llamados “sueños lúcidos”.
The political ecology of rice intensification in south India: Putting SRI in its places (2018)

Abstract The system of rice intensification (SRI) has been promoted across Asia as a means to improve rice yields while decreasing water use and external inputs. It is argued to be a generalisable means by which to revalidate smallholder livelihoods and improve food security across the region. Current debates about SRI, however, remain predominantly technical in scope, focusing on field‐level outcomes. To more adequately understand the potential of SRI for smallholder farmers, we argue that it is necessary to situate SRI within a political ecology framework that addresses how the adoption and practice of SRI is shaped by uneven access to key assets including labour, water, and extension networks. Fieldwork conducted in Mahabubnagar district in Telangana, south India—where SRI had been widely disadopted despite the achievement of higher yields—is used to illustrate why agronomic analysis must engage directly with the complex social contexts in which farmers operate.
Accumulation of hypointense lesions ("black holes") on T <sub>1</sub> spin-echo MRI correlates with disease progression in multiple sclerosis (1996)

MRI findings are increasingly used as outcome measures in therapeutic trials in MS. The discrepancy between the extent of the lesions on conventional T2 images and the clinical condition of the patient is one of the problems encountered in such studies. This clinical-radiological paradox prevents the use of MRI data as surrogate markers of disability in MS. A recent pilot study suggested a relationship between hypointense lesions on T1 MRI and disability. To assess in more detail the correlation of changes in hypointense lesion load on T1-weighted spin-echo MR images ("black holes") with changes in disability in MS, we studied 46 patients with clinically definite MS at baseline and after a median follow-up of 40 months. There was a significant correlation between baseline disability and hypointense lesion load (Spearman rank correlation coefficient [SRCC] = 0.46, p = 0.001). In secondary progressive patients, the rate of accumulation of these "black holes" was significantly related to progression rate (SRCC = 0.81, p < 0.0001). We speculate that the appearance of hypointense lesions is the MRI equivalent of a failure of remission. Overall, T1 lesion load measurements correlated better with clinical assessments than T2 lesion load measurements. Quantification of hypointense lesion load on T1-weighted spin-echo MRI helps to resolve the clinical-radiological paradox between disability and MRI and has the potential to be a surrogate marker of disability in MS.
Liquid-Specific Stimulus Properties Can Be Used for Haptic Perception of the Amount of Liquid in a Vessel Put in Motion (2006)

We investigated whether people can use haptic liquid-specific information made available by shaking the vessel containing the liquid. In experiment 1 we studied to what extent people can discriminate between liquid and solid substances and determine the amount of substance in the shaken vessel, as well as the effects of exploratory procedures on these abilities. Exploratory procedures including horizontal shaking of the vessel produced accurate identification of the content and more precise judgments for a liquid than for a solid, but vertical lifting produced an overestimation of the amount of liquid. In experiment 2 we demonstrated that people can discriminate between the amount of liquid and the amount of solid in the same vessel. Three theories of what liquid-specific stimulus properties are picked up by shaking the vessel are preliminarily examined.
Fluorescence spectroscopy and Franck–Condon-factor measurements of low-lying NO Rydberg states (1985)

Time- and frequency-selective excitation spectroscopy has been demonstrated on electronic transitions from the A, B, C, and D states of the NO molecule and has been used for separating overlapping electronic systems. Using a tunable, narrow-band, coherent VUV source, laser-induced fluorescence from individual rotational vibrational levels of the NO molecule has been measured and is shown to be in good agreement with theory.
Conformation-Dependent Photochemistry of 5-Halouracil-Containing DNA:  Stereospecific 2‘α-Hydroxylation of Deoxyribose in Z-form DNA (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTConformation-Dependent Photochemistry of 5-Halouracil-Containing DNA: Stereospecific 2'α-Hydroxylation of Deoxyribose in Z-form DNAKiyohiko Kawai, Isao Saito, and Hiroshi SugiyamaView Author Information Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto University CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation Yoshida, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan Institute for Medical and Dental Engineering Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Surugadai Kanda, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 6, 1391–1392Publication Date (Web):February 3, 1999Publication History Received31 July 1998Published online3 February 1999Published inissue 1 February 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9827200https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9827200rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views244Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Genetics,High-performance liquid chromatography,Hydrogen abstraction,Mixtures,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Are immunoglobulins with lupus anticoagulant activity specific for phospholipids? (1993)

Recent studies have suggested that the lupus anticoagulant (LA) may be specific for prothrombin, prothrombin-phospholipid complexes, or beta 2 glycoprotein 1 (beta 2GP1) rather than phospholipids. We performed a series of experiments to determine whether LA is indeed phospholipid specific. IgG was purified from sera of six patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and 10 healthy controls. The six IgG-APS preparations had both LA and anticardiolipin (aCL) activity. Incubation of the six IgG-APS preparations with cardiolipin (CL), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylcholine (PC), or PS/PC (20:80) liposomes in Tris-buffered saline, resulted in loss of LA activity from the supernatant. We postulated that loss of activity might have resulted from absorption of IgG LA antibodies by phospholipids, a dilutional effect, or the presence of phospholipids in the supernatant causing 'by-pass' of IgG LA inhibitory activity. To distinguish between these possibilities, we re-isolated IgG from the supernatants and re-tested them for LA activity. IgG re-isolated from the PS. CL and PS/PC supernatants had no LA activity, but LA activity remained in the PC supernatant. This suggested that IgG with LA activity was absorbed by negatively charged but not by zwitterionic phospholipids. In like manner, PS, CL and PS/PC, but not PC liposomes, absorbed IgG with aCL activity. Mixtures of the phospholipid liposomes with beta 2GP1 did not modify the absorption of IgG with LA or aCL activity. Finally, we demonstrated that IgG eluted from immunoglobulin-cardiolipin liposome complexes had LA activity. Based on these findings, we conclude that at least one population of antibodies with LA activity is phospholipid specific.
Indocyanine Green (1978)

Indocyanine green selectively stains devitalized corneal endothelial cells. In addition, the dye has been found to be nontoxic to the function of living endothelial cells. Indocyanine green appears to be an ideal vital stain for use before penetrating keratoplasty.
Overlapping Specificities of Base Excision Repair, Nucleotide Excision Repair, Recombination, and Translesion Synthesis Pathways for DNA Base Damage in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1999)

The removal of oxidative damage from Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA is thought to be conducted primarily through the base excision repair pathway. The Escherichia coli endonuclease III homologs Ntg1p and Ntg2p are S. cerevisiae N-glycosylase-associated apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) lyases that recognize a wide variety of damaged pyrimidines (H. J. You, R. L. Swanson, and P. W. Doetsch, Biochemistry 37:6033-6040, 1998). The biological relevance of the N-glycosylase-associated AP lyase activity in the repair of abasic sites is not well understood, and the majority of AP sites in vivo are thought to be processed by Apn1p, the major AP endonuclease in yeast. We have found that yeast cells simultaneously lacking Ntg1p, Ntg2p, and Apn1p are hyperrecombinogenic (hyper-rec) and exhibit a mutator phenotype but are not sensitive to the oxidizing agents H2O2 and menadione. The additional disruption of the RAD52 gene in the ntg1 ntg2 apn1 triple mutant confers a high degree of sensitivity to these agents. The hyper-rec and mutator phenotypes of the ntg1 ntg2 apn1 triple mutant are further enhanced by the elimination of the nucleotide excision repair pathway. In addition, removal of either the lesion bypass (Rev3p-dependent) or recombination (Rad52p-dependent) pathway specifically enhances the hyper-rec or mutator phenotype, respectively. These data suggest that multiple pathways with overlapping specificities are involved in the removal of, or tolerance to, spontaneous DNA damage in S. cerevisiae. In addition, the fact that these responses to induced and spontaneous damage depend upon the simultaneous loss of Ntg1p, Ntg2p, and Apn1p suggests a physiological role for the AP lyase activity of Ntg1p and Ntg2p in vivo.
A zirconium methacrylate oxocluster as precursor for the low-temperature synthesis of porous zirconium(<scp>iv</scp>) dicarboxylates (2009)

The exchange of the monocarboxylate ligand of the zirconium methacrylate oxocluster Zr(6)O(4)(OH)(4)(OMc)(12) (OMc = CH(2)=CH(CH(3))COO) with dicarboxylic acids (trans,trans muconic acid and terephthalic acid) leads to porous zirconium dicarboxylates exhibiting the UiO-66 architecture; the mild reaction conditions allow the control of their particle size.
A Polymorphism in the <i>Cytidine Deaminase</i> Promoter Predicts Severe Capecitabine-Induced Hand-Foot Syndrome (2011)

The deleted allele of rs3215400 shows an increased allele-specific expression and is significantly associated with an increased risk of capecitabine-induced HFS.
User-defined Vascular Input Function Curves: Influence on Mean Perfusion Parameter Values and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (2004)

The authors reviewed 40 computed tomographic (CT) perfusion studies to determine the effect of arterial and venous input function properties on perfusion parameter values and tissue signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). A 10-subject subset was analyzed to evaluate the effect of varying venous region of interest (ROI) locations. Venous peak enhancement correlated significantly with mean tissue cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral blood volume (CBV); venous and arterial peak enhancement correlated significantly with SNR of perfusion maps. Different ROI locations within the same vein resulted in significantly different CBV and CBF values. Perfusion map parameters are related to peak enhancement within user-selected ROIs. Optimal ROI selection should limit variability and increase quality of CT perfusion images.
In vivo labeling of red blood cells with Tc-99m with stannous pyridoxylideneaminates. (1979)

Several stannous pyridoxylideneaminates were evaluated as stannous ion sources for the in vivo labeling of red blood cells (RBCs) with Tc-99m. In spite of a considerable variety of stannous preparations, rapid and efficient RBC labeling was obtained with each stannous chelate. These results suggest that the role of the ligands is merely to stabilize the divalent state of the tin. The optimal time interval between Sn(II) and 99mTcO4- injections, and the best stannous-ion concentration, was found using stannous pyridoxylideneisoleucine (Sn-P.isoL). Maximal in vivo labeling of the RBCs was obtained with an i.v. dose of 10-20 micrograms Sn(II)/kg of Sn-P.isoL followed 15-30 min later by i.v. administration of pertechnetate.
Towards a Design-Based Analysis of Emotional Episodes (1996)

he design-based approach is a methodology for investigating mechanisms capable of generating mental phenomena, whether introspectively or externally observed, and whether they occur in humans, other animals or robots. The study of designs satisfying requirements for autonomous agency can provide new deep theoretical insights at the information processing level of description of mental mechanisms. Designs for working systems (whether on paper or implemented on computers) can systematically explicate old explanatory concepts and generate new concepts that allow new and richer interpretations of human phenomena. To illustrate this, some aspects of human grief are analysed in terms of a particular information processing architecture being explored in our research group. We do not claim that this architecture is part of the causal structure of the human mind; rather, it represents an early stage in the iterative search for a deeper and more general architecture, capable of explaining more phenomena. However even the current early design provides an interpretative ground for some familiar phenomena, including characteristic features of certain emotional episodes, particularly the phenomenon of perturbance (a partial or total loss of control of attention). The paper attempts to expound and illustrate the design-based approach to cognitive science and philosophy, to demonstrate the potential effectiveness of the approach in generating interpretative possibilities, and to provide first steps towards an information processing account of `perturbant', emotional episodes.
Improved three-dimensional optical model for thin-film silicon solar cells (2004)

We present an optical model for thin-film silicon solar cells (both single and multijunction) with nanorough surfaces/interfaces. For these cells, the optical absorptance within each layer and the total reflectance are computed taking into account roughness, angular distribution of scattered light, thicknesses, and optical constants of all layers. In the model, we combine coherent approach, scattering theory, and Monte Carlo tracing method. Results of the model are shown to be in good agreement with the experimentally measured spectral response and the total reflectance of solar cells. Some predictions of the ultimate solar cell performance based on the model are presented as well.
D3 Receptors Regulate Excitability in a Unique Class of Prefrontal Pyramidal Cells (2017)

The D3 dopamine receptor, a member of the G<sub>i</sub>-coupled D2 family of dopamine receptors, is expressed throughout limbic circuits affected in neuropsychiatric disorders, including prefrontal cortex (PFC). These receptors are important for prefrontal executive function because pharmacological and genetic manipulations that affect prefrontal D3 receptors alter anxiety, social interaction, and reversal learning. However, the mechanisms by which D3 receptors regulate prefrontal circuits and whether D3 receptors regulate specific prefrontal subnetworks remains unknown. Here, we combine dopamine receptor reporter lines, anatomical tracing techniques, and electrophysiology to show that D3 receptor expression defines a novel subclass of layer 5 glutamatergic pyramidal cell in mouse PFC (either sex). D3-receptor-expressing pyramidal neurons are electrophysiologically and anatomically separable from neighboring neurons expressing D1 or D2 receptors based on their dendritic morphology and subthreshold and suprathreshold intrinsic excitability. D3-receptor-expressing neurons send axonal projections to intratelencephalic (IT) targets, including contralateral cortex, nucleus accumbens, and basolateral amygdala. Within these neurons, D3 receptor activation was found to regulate low-voltage-activated Ca<sub>V</sub>3.2 calcium channels localized to the axon initial segment, which suppressed action potential (AP) excitability, particularly when APs occurred at high frequency. Therefore, these data indicate that D3 receptors regulate the excitability of a unique, IT prefrontal cell population, thereby defining novel circuitry and cellular actions for D3 receptors in PFC.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> The D3 dopamine receptor, a member of the G<sub>i</sub>-coupled D2 family of dopamine receptors, are expressed throughout limbic circuits, including prefrontal cortex (PFC). They are of broad interest as a site for therapeutic intervention in serious mental illness, yet we know very little about their distribution or function within PFC. Here, we show that D3 receptors define a unique population of glutamatergic principal cells in mouse PFC that largely lack expression of D1 or D2 receptors. Within these cells, we find that D3 receptors regulate the ability to generate high-frequency action potential bursts through mechanisms not supported by other dopamine receptors. These results define unique circuitry and cellular actions for D3 receptors in regulating PFC networks.
Subharmonic Components in Cochlear-Microphonic Potentials (1966)

Microphonic potentials were recorded from the cochleas of guinea pigs and chinchillas. It was observed that with intense pure-tone stimuli, subharmonic potentials could be detected in the microphonic. These potentials possess high threshold (between 110 and 130 dB SPL), above which they immediately assume magnitudes that are commensurate with that of the fundamental. Increase in stimulus intensity above the threshold results in some increase in the magnitude of the undertones, but saturation and rapid decline follow within a 10- 15-dB range. The most frequent subharmonic appears at one half the driving frequency, but the quarter-frequency component is also common.
Robust logitboost and adaptive base class (ABC) logitboost (2010)

Logitboost is an influential boosting algorithm for classification. In this paper, we develop robust logitboost to provide an explicit formulation of tree-split criterion for building weak learners (regression trees) for logitboost. This formulation leads to a numerically stable implementation of logitboost. We then propose abc-logitboost for multi-class classification, by combining robust logitboost with the prior work of abc-boost. Previously, abc-boost was implemented as abc-mart using the mart algorithm. Our extensive experiments on multi-class classification compare four algorithms: mart, abcmart, (robust) logitboost, and abc-logitboost, and demonstrate the superiority of abc-logitboost. Comparisons with other learning methods including SVM and deep learning are also available through prior publications.
Synthesis of Six-link, Slider-crank and Four-link Mechanisms for Function, Path and Motion Generation Using Homotopy with m-homogenization (1994)

This paper presents solutions to the function, motion and path generation problems of Watt’s and Stephenson six-link, slider-crank and four-link mechanisms using homotopy methods with m-homogenization. It is shown that using the matrix method for synthesis, applying m-homogeneous group theory, and by defining auxiliary equations in addition to the synthesis equations, the number of homotopy paths to be tracked is drastically reduced. To synthesize a Watt’s six-link function generator for 6 through 11 precision positions, the number of homotopy paths to be tracked to obtain all possible solutions range from 640 to 55,050,240. For Stephenson-II and -III mechanisms these numbers vary from 640 to 412,876,800. It is shown that slider-crank path generation problems with 6, 7 and 8 prescribed positions require 320, 3840 and 17,920 paths to be tracked, respectively, whereas for four-link path generators with 6 through 8 specified positions, these numbers range from 640 to 71, 680. The number of homotopy paths to be tracked to body guidance problems of slider-crank and four-link mechanisms is exactly the same as the maximum number of possible solutions given by Burmester-Ball theories. Numerical examples dealing with the synthesis of slider-crank path generators for 8 precision positions, and six-link Watt and Stephenson-III function generators for 9 prescribed positions are also presented.