gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR NEXT-GENERATION OF SURGICAL ENVIRONMENTS (2006)

Minimally invasive surgeries (MIS) are fundamentally constrained by image quality,access to the operative field, and the visualization environment on which thesurgeon relies for real-time information. Although invasive access benefits the patient,it also leads to more challenging procedures, which require better skills andtraining. Endoscopic surgeries rely heavily on 2D interfaces, introducing additionalchallenges due to the loss of depth perception, the lack of 3-Dimensional imaging,and the reduction of degrees of freedom.By using state-of-the-art technology within a distributed computational architecture,it is possible to incorporate multiple sensors, hybrid display devices, and3D visualization algorithms within a exible surgical environment. Such environmentscan assist the surgeon with valuable information that goes far beyond what iscurrently available. In this thesis, we will discuss how 3D visualization and reconstruction,stereo displays, high-resolution display devices, and tracking techniques arekey elements in the next-generation of surgical environments.
Fusion of decisions transmitted over Rayleigh fading channels in wireless sensor networks (2006)

In this paper, we revisit the problem of fusing decisions transmitted over fading channels in a wireless sensor network. Previous development relies on instantaneous channel state information (CSI). However, acquiring channel information may be too costly for resource constrained sensor networks. In this paper, we propose a new likelihood ratio (LR)-based fusion rule which requires only the knowledge of channel statistics instead of instantaneous CSI. Based on the assumption that all the sensors have the same detection performance and the same channel signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), we show that when the channel SNR is low, this fusion rule reduces to a statistic in the form of an equal gain combiner (EGC), which explains why EGC is a very good choice with low or medium SNR; at high-channel SNR, it is equivalent to the Chair-Varshney fusion rule. Performance evaluation shows that the new fusion rule exhibits only slight performance degradation compared with the optimal LR-based fusion rule using instantaneous CSI.
Development and testing of wavelet modulation for three-phase three-level inverter (2017)

This paper presents the development and implementation of a wavelet modulation (WM) technique for the three-phase three-level voltage source inverter. The WM technique is based on constructing a nondyadic-type multiresolution analysis (MRA), which supports sampling continuous time sinusoidal signals in a nonuniform recurrent manner, then reconstructing it using inverter switching actions. The simulated and experimental performances of the three-phase three-level inverter, which is realized by the WM technique, are investigated. To compare the performances of WM technique, those of PWM and SVPWM techniques are obtained. The results show that the high magnitude of fundamental components and significantly reduced harmonic contents of the inverter outputs can be achieved by using WM in the three-phase three-level inverters and it can be easily realized.
Identification of a human CD8 <sup>+</sup> regulatory T cell subset that mediates suppression through the chemokine CC chemokine ligand 4 (2007)

Regulatory T cells (Treg) comprise multiple subsets and are important in controlling immunity and inflammation. However, the induction and mode of action of the various distinct Treg subsets remain ill defined, particularly in humans. Here, we describe a human CD8+ lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3)+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg subset, which suppresses T cells partly through the secretion of CC chemokine ligand 4 (CCL4), which can inhibit T cell activation by interfering with T cell receptor signaling. CD8+ Tregs are expanded by antigen in in vivo-primed donors, and can be detected in pathogen-infected human tissue. This CD8+LAG-3+CD25+FoxP3+CCL4+ Treg subset thus may play a role in immunoregulation in humans, including infectious diseases.
Influence of calcium ions on the mechanical properties of a model biofilm of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2001)

The mechanical properties of biofilms and in particular their mechanical strength is of great importance for both biofilm reactors and for the removal of undesired biofilms as in cases of biofouling and biocorrosion. By uniaxial compression measurements, it is possible to determine the apparent elastic or Young's modulus and the yield stress as parameters for mechanical stability. This was performed with a recently developed device, using model biofilms of mucoid strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa SG81. The biofilms were grown on membrane filters placed on nutrient agar medium with different concentrations of calcium ions. The compressive stress-strain behaviour up to failure was recorded at a compression speed of 1 micron s-1. The apparent Young's modulus, representing the stiffness of the biofilm, and the yield stress obtained from the stress--strain diagram were used for the description of mechanical properties of biofilms. A certain critical concentration of calcium ions was found where the Young's modulus of the P. aeruginosa biofilms increases strongly and subsequently remains constant for higher calcium concentrations. This behaviour is explained by the presence of calcium ions crosslinking alginate, which is the major component of the extracellular polymeric substances produced by the mucoid P. aeruginosa strain used in this investigation.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activities of Novel C(7)-Catechol-substituted Cephalosporins (II). (1996)

In the previous paper,r) we described the synthesis and antibacterial activities of cephalosporins which possess both catechol moiety at the 7-position and pyrimidiniumthiomethyl, pyrimidinothiomethyl, or pyrimidiniummethyl group at the 3-position of cephem nucleus.
Effect of Cl2- and HBr-based inductively coupled plasma etching on InP surface composition analyzed using <i>in situ</i> x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (2012)

A Cl2-HBr-O2/Ar inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching process has been adapted for the processing of InP-based heterostructures in a 300-mm diameter CMOS etching tool. Smooth and anisotropic InP etching is obtained at moderate etch rate (∼600 nm/min). Ex situ x-ray energy dispersive analysis of the etched sidewalls shows that the etching anisotropy is obtained through a SiOx passivation mechanism. The stoichiometry of the etched surface is analyzed in situ using angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It is observed that Cl2-based ICP etching results in a significantly P-rich surface. The phosphorous layer identified on the top surface is estimated to be ∼1–1.3-nm thick. On the other hand InP etching in HBr/Ar plasma results in a more stoichiometric surface. In contrast to the etched sidewalls, the etched surface is free from oxides with negligible traces of silicon. Exposure to ambient air of the samples submitted to Cl2-based chemistry results in the complete oxidation of the P-rich top layer. It is concluded that a post-etch treatment or a pure HBr plasma step may be necessary after Cl2-based ICP etching for the recovery of the InP material.
Adsorption and desorption of natural organic matter on iron oxide: mechanisms and models (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdsorption and desorption of natural organic matter on iron oxide: mechanisms and modelsBaohua. Gu, Juergen. Schmitt, Zhihong. Chen, Liyuan. Liang, and John F. McCarthyCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1994, 28, 1, 38–46Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00050a007https://doi.org/10.1021/es00050a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views9587Altmetric-Citations1194LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Surface modified CF<sub>x</sub> cathode material for ultrafast discharge and high energy density (2014)

An effective de-fluorination method is developed to modify CF<sub>x</sub> cathodes through a hydrothermal process and it greatly improves the capacity performance and rate capability of CF<sub>x</sub> by removal of surface ionic transport barriers. A capacity of 500 mA h g<sup>−1</sup> and a maximum power density of 48 400 W kg<sup>−1</sup> were achieved at an ultrafast rate of 30 C.
A strategy for determining arterial blood gases on the summit of Mt. Everest (2006)

We conclude that automatic arterial blood sampling at high altitude is technically feasible and that the changes in the blood gases over a period of several hours are acceptably small.
A formal sales development system with performance tracking leads to success (2000)

Vince Russomagno, a licensed hearing aid professional, is founder and CEO of American Hearing Aid Associates (AHAA), a national network of independent hearing healthcare professionals. AHAA offers its associates a range of services, including business and marketing planning support. Correspondence to the author at AHAA, Box 889, Concordville, PA 19355, 800/984–3272, e-mail: www.ahaanet.com.
The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) E6* Proteins from High-Risk, Mucosal HPVs Can Direct Degradation of Cellular Proteins in the Absence of Full-Length E6 Protein (2009)

The E6 oncoproteins from high-risk mucosotrophic human papillomaviruses (HPVs) target a range of cellular proteins for proteasome-mediated degradation. Apart from the tumor suppressor p53 and proapoptotic Bcl-2 family member Bak, many targets contain class 1 PDZ domains and are involved in cell junction stability and signaling. The targeting mechanism is considered to function by the E6 protein acting as an adaptor molecule linking a cellular ubiquitin ligase to the target protein. In each case, whether the target is the p53 tumor suppressor or a member of the group of PDZ domain-containing targets, this mechanism relies on a direct interaction between E6 and its cellular target. This study focuses on the impact of the HPV type 18 (HPV-18) E6*I protein on the stability of Akt, Dlg, MAGI-1, MAGI-2, and Scribble. We show that HPV-18 E6* expression can downregulate the expression levels of Akt, Dlg, and Scribble in the absence of full-length HPV-18 E6 protein. The reduction in Dlg levels by E6* is independent of transcription and does not require a direct interaction between the two proteins although the proteasome pathway is involved. Further, we provide evidence that activation of certain signal transduction pathways has a profound effect on the targeting of Dlg by E6* and suggest that high-risk HPV E6 oncoproteins can target certain substrates both directly and indirectly through the E6* proteins and may cooperate in their degradation.
Intensive Insulin Therapy Reduces Infections in Patients on Parenteral Nutrition: A Randomized Clinical Trial (2012)

Introduction: Hyperglycemia is a common problem encountered in hospitalized patients, especially in critically ill patients due to stress and using parenteral nutrition. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia may be associated with increased infection risk. The principal benefit of intensive insulin therapy is a decrease in infection-related complications and mortality. The aim of this study was the assessment of IIT effect on pathogen growth in ICU patients. Materials and Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial study where patients with brain trauma in grade 2 and 3 that received at least 50% of nutritional needs from parenteral nutrition. They randomly assigned to receive IIT or conventional glucose control. Pathogen growth, mortality, survival, APACHE II score, duration of hospital stay was assessed. Results: Of 29 patients randomized, 26 patients completed the study. Survival duration, ventilator dependency and pathogen growth was improved in tight control group but not significant between two groups due to low sample size. Conclusion: In our study, IIT reduced pathogen growth without hypoglycemic episodes in head trauma patients.[GMJ. 2012;1(1):2-7]
A role of ultrasonic frequency and power on oil mobilization in underground petroleum reservoirs (2012)

In oil industry, the reduction of oil production is of major concern as world’s necessity for oil increases. Therefore, developing and applying new techniques to mobilize residual oil left in the reservoir is important. Ultrasound technique is one of the unconventional methods to increase the productivity of oil wells, but in spite of many laboratory experiments on oil mobilization under ultrasound in porous media the precise mechanisms are weakly understood. Therefore, it is vital to perform basic experiments to achieve a good knowledge and deep insight into the mechanisms. To recognize the reason why ultrasound is able to mobilize residual oil left in pores, one must remember why oil droplet is trapped. Residual oil is left in pores because of insisting capillary forces. So, in this paper a mechanism related to capillary forces are developed to clarify the effect of ultrasound on mobilization of residual oil in porous media. In addition, some experiments are conducted with a 2D glass micro-model in which the mobilization of oil is observed using a digital microscope and camera. It was concluded from the result of experiments that the oil mobilization was proportional to ultrasound power and frequency.
Phosphorylation of α6-Tubulin by Protein Kinase Cα Activates Motility of Human Breast Cells (2009)

Engineered overexpression of protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) was previously shown to endow nonmotile MCF-10A human breast cells with aggressive motility. A traceable mutant of PKCalpha (Abeyweera, T. P., and Rotenberg, S. A. (2007) Biochemistry 46, 2364-2370) revealed that alpha6-tubulin is phosphorylated in cells expressing traceable PKCalpha and in vitro by wild type PKCalpha. Gain-of-function, single site mutations (Ser-->Asp) were constructed at each PKC consensus site in alpha6-tubulin (Ser158, Ser165, Ser241, and Thr337) to simulate phosphorylation. Following expression of each construct in MCF-10A cells, motility assays identified Ser165 as the only site in alpha6-tubulin whose pseudophosphorylation reproduced the motile behavior engendered by PKCalpha. Expression of a phosphorylation-resistant mutant (S165N-alpha6-tubulin) resulted in suppression of MCF-10A cell motility stimulated either by expression of PKCalpha or by treatment with PKCalpha-selective activator diacylglycerol-lactone. MCF-10A cells treated with diacylglycerol-lactone showed strong phosphorylation of endogenous alpha-tubulin that could be blocked when S165N-alpha6-tubulin was expressed. The S165N mutant also inhibited intrinsically motile human breast tumor cells that express high endogenous PKCalpha levels (MDA-MB-231 cells) or lack PKCalpha and other conventional isoforms (MDA-MB-468 cells). Comparison of Myc-tagged wild type alpha6-tubulin and S165N-alpha6-tubulin expressed in MDA-MB-468 cells demonstrated that Ser165 is also a major site of phosphorylation for endogenously active, nonconventional PKC isoforms. PKC-stimulated motility of MCF-10A cells was nocodazole-sensitive, thereby implicating microtubule elongation in the mechanism. These findings support a model in which PKC phosphorylates alpha-tubulin at Ser165, leading to microtubule elongation and motility.
Bank Financing of Secondary Recovery Projects (1957)

Abstract Normally, much of the investment requirements of the average independent oil operator desiring to develop a secondary recovery project will be sought from a lending institution. The criteria by which The Chase Manhattan Bank judges such an application are discussed detail. To satisfy itself that the undertaking is one which it may be proper to finance, the bank considers managerial competence of the operator, the engineering information and program, and an economic analysis of the project and proposed financing. The application of these principles to the case of a successful water flood in the Mid-Continent area is presented to illustrate the importance of the bank's standards in considering the financing of a secondary recovery project. Good management and competent, continuing engineering guidance are considered essential to a financeable secondary recovery project. The quality of the properties must be proven by comparison of laboratory data and engineering studies with pilot flood performance. The amount of financing the bank will be willing to undertake is determined by an economic analysis and valuation method described in the paper. Introduction During the next 10 years, according to recent predictions, petroleum production in the United States will fail by over 10 billion bbl to meet domestic demand. A recent study forecasts domestic crude oil requirements of 9,155,000 B/D during 1957, rising to 13,375,000 B/D in 1966, which will total approximately 40.63 billion bbl for the decade. Predicted production rates in the United States range from 7,600,000 B/D in 197 to 9,250,000 B/D in 1966, amounting to only 30.44 billion bbl. That the industry has assigned a major role to secondary recovery in meeting the future deficiency is apparent from recent reports. Several researchers have been working on in situ combustion and at least one field test of this method is now in progress. Bottom-hole heaters have been tested and the use of hot-injection water has been advocated for water flooding. There is current interest expressed in the use of light hydrocarbon fractions for the displacing fluid. The use of carbon dioxide and of wetting agents in injection water has been the subject of many excellent articles on net waterflood techniques. These are only a few examples of the intense interest manifested in secondary recovery.
Executive Summary (2019)

Explores the mining industry’s role in green growth development, discussing the current policy and private sector investment mismatch and possible solutions. A sustainable path to development has profound consequences for all economic activities and related policies, and the mining industry, which provides input to almost every product and service in the world, has great relevance to achieving sustainable development in mineral-rich countries and the economy at large. Environmental sustainability remains critical for mining companies, whose opportunities for growth prove increasingly affected by climate change, particularly as it affects energy and water, both critical to mine operation. A collaborative and intentional effort by industry and government to generate opportunities for green growth could succeed if (1) industry focused on high-value-adding climate-sensitive investments that drive operational sustainability and profitability; (2) policymakers focused on building policies that incentivize such investment; and (3) both parties allowed their thought processes around such activities and policies to inform each other’s behavior.
Redox Processes at the Manganese Dioxide Electrode: I. Constant‐Current Intermittent Discharge (1997)

The reduction of electrodeposited manganese dioxide (EMD), birnessite, and Bi‐birnessite electrodes was investigated using a constant‐current intermittent discharge technique under conditions where major kinetic effects had been minimized. The results suggested that each type of manganese dioxide underwent a homogeneous reduction followed by a heterogeneous reduction stage. The transition between these reaction mechanisms occurred at a composition that was dependent on the manganese dioxide used. The homogeneous reduction of each electrode was a complex process involving the reduction of ions within the various manganese dioxide structures. The heterogeneous reduction of the electrodeposited manganese dioxide and Bi‐birnessite electrodes resulted in formation of , whereas heterogeneous reduction of the birnessite electrode resulted in formation of .
Flavonoids as Inhibitors of NADP-Malic Enzyme and PEP Carboxylase from C<sub>4</sub>Plants (1996)

The inhibitory effects of flavonoids on the activity of two photosynthetic enzymes such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase) and NADP-dependent malic enzyme (NADP-ME) were evaluated. The glycosylation of hydroxyl groups on the flavonoids resulted in compounds that behaved as gradually weaker inhibitors with increased size of the substituent. Quercetin and baicalein showed a competitive inhibition pattern vs. NADP+ for NADP-ME, and a similar model for both flavonoids vs. phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) was observed when tested on PEPCase. K(i) for NADP-ME inhibition at pH 7.0 were 0.83 microM and 1.54 microM for quercetin and baicalein, respectively. K(i) for PEPCase inhibition were 0.17 microM and 0.79 microM (quercetin and baicalein, respectively), indicating that these compounds are the most potent inhibitors described for this carboxylase. I50 values for these and other flavonoids were in the micromolar range. A tentative physiological role for the inhibitory effects observed on PEPCase is discussed.
State of art: Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) (2011)

Persons, who are paralysed due to accidents, use mechanical devices for their rehabilitation, as drugs really do not cure them. These devices could be passive or active having their own disadvantages of size, weight and overall complexity and providing limited degrees of freedom. As such, none of the available orthotic devices aid the patients with long term rehabilitation. This has led to a new area of studies, wherein a combination of the available body energy with sophisticated electronic devices, called Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) is used for rehabilitation. FES is a rehabilitation technique that applies electrical currents to activate nerves innervating extremities affected by paralysis resulting from Spinal Cord Injury (SCI), head injury, stroke or other neurological disorders, restoring function in people with disabilities. The paper highlights the role played by FES in the rehabilitation of patients affected by paralysis of muscles like hemiplegia, paraplegia or quadriplegia. It focuses on its growth, applications, limitations and current status. The paper provides useful insight to those who want to work in the field of rehabilitation.
A New Real-Time Eye Tracking for Driver Fatigue Detection (2006)

Driver fatigue is one of the important factors that cause traffic accidents. The vision-based facial expression recognition technique is the most prospective method to detect driver fatigue. In this paper, we present a new driver fatigue detection based on unscented Kalman filter and eye tracking in this paper. The face is located using Haar algorithm firstly, which has good robustness in terms of head motions, variable lighting conditions, the change of hair and having glasses, etc. Secondly, the geometric properties and projection technique are used for eye location. Thirdly, we propose a new real time eye tracking method based on unscented Kalman Filter. Finally, driver fatigue can be detected whether the eyes are closed over 5 consecutive frames using vertical projection matching. The experimental results show validity of our method for driver fatigue detection under variable realistic conditions