gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Separation of aqueous isopropanol by reactive extractive distillation (2002)

Abstract A new separation method of reactive extractive distillation is proposed for the separation of isopropanol and water, using the mixture of ethylene glycol (C 2 H 6 O 2 ) and glycollic potassium (C 2 H 5 O 2 K) as an entrainer. Vapor–liquid‐equilibrium (VLE) measurements confirmed that the entrainer was effective for this separation. Using a feed/solvent volume ratio of 1:1, isopropanol with a concentration over 96.0% weight fraction was obtained by the reactive extractive distillation process and the azeotropic point was eliminated. A novel process of separating isopropanol and water is designed on the basis of reactive extractive distillation to obtain the product with different concentrations, which may have a lasting value in industry. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Fabrication of a low-noise beam-leaded microwave bipolar transistor by electron- and photolithography (1978)

A low-noise beam-leaded microwave bipolar transistor was fabricated with a combination of electron- and photolithography. Four of the eleven levels which were related to the patterning of the active region were patterned directly on the silicon wafers by the Bell Laboratories Electron Beam Exposure System (EBES). The registration tolerance of the 1-µm emitter stripes to the thin-gold metallization fingers was ± ¼-µm. This was routinely achieved on the 2-in wafers for all the levels written on EBES. The device processing employed a modified self-aligned emitter process which allows very highly doped inactive base and emitters without the problem of soft emitter-base junction. RF measurements of typical transistors show a minimum noise figure of 1.8 dB and an available gain of 12 dB at 1.7 GHz.
SmallBlue: People Mining for Expertise Search (2008)

This issue introduces a SmallBlue. SmallBlue finds experts, communities, and personal networks in large organizations through data mining, information retrieval, and artificial intelligence. By analyzing data from communication sources (emails, instant messages, and calendars) and Web 2.0 sources (blogs, wikis, social bookmarking systems, online profiles, and so on), the system answers questions about who knows what and who knows whom. SmallBlue-like services and system should continue attracting both researchers and industry developers to exploit the potential value in business intelligence.
Peptide redesign for inhibition of the complement system: Targeting age-related macular degeneration. (2016)

We have designed a new peptide analog of compstatin that combines N-terminal polar amino acid extensions and C-terminal PEGylation extensions. This peptide demonstrates significantly improved aqueous solubility and complement inhibitory efficacy, compared to the parent peptide. The new peptide overcomes the aggregation limitation for clinical translation of previous compstatin analogs and is a candidate to become a therapeutic for the treatment of AMD.
The Weapon Dances of Europe (1962)

From the ancient times Europe possesses a great deal of information n weapo -da ces, most of it from Greece. Xenophon alone describes six different kinds of weapon-dances in his Anabasis. Tacitus tells us about dances among swords and lances, performed by the Germanic tribes. In today's folk-dances, Europe differs from the rest of the world insofar as it has not only dances imitating battles, but also dances in which the weapons represent equipment for the dance rather than instruments of war. In the most important non-fighting weapon-dance swords or sabres are held hilt and point, as a connecting link from man to man, so that the dancers form a chain. Without breaking the connection, this chain or circle forms complicated figures and attains an unrivaled artistic perfection in the NorthEnglish short-sword dances. Many of these figures probably have symbolic character; but the mock-killing, the resurrection, and the lifting of a dancer on intertwined swords definitely are symbolic. In the English sword-dances the crossed swords alone are lifted up and shown. If half-hoops, decorated with green are used instead of swords, we have the famous garland-dances, which are so popular with the guilds. Most of the figures in these garlanddances are the same as those in the chain-sword-dance (Kettenschwerttanz). Both dance forms are found only in part of Europe, (England, Sweden, the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Spain, three examples in southern France, three in northern Italy, two in the Dalmatian Islands)not in eastern Europe. The Slavs-except for Dalmatia-do perform these dances, but only in the neighborhood of German-speaking settlements in the Carpathians, which is where they probably obtained them. The Spanish and Portuguese brought these dances also to South America. Historically the Kettenschwerttanz appears in the 14th century. Everywhere it is connected with men's societies (guilds, Zuenften, miners' and young farmers' societies) and is part of their rituals, especially their initiation ceremonies. From this we suspect them to be much older than the earliest written documents which mention them.
Electrical Characteristics of the Silicon Nitride-Gallium Arsenide Interface (1970)

The results of an investigation of the electrical characteristics of the silicon nitride‐gallium arsenide interface as determined by capacitance‐voltage (C‐V) curves is presented and discussed. The was pyrolytically deposited from and in the range 650°–750°C on n‐ and p‐type, , . A hysteresis of the C‐V curve is noted; the amount of curve shift is shown to be heavily process dependent. Times involved in curve shift both with and without applied bias are given. Surface state density for the best p sample is in the 1012 range.
The Effect of Antibiotics on the Intestine of the Chick (1955)

During work on the effect of penicillin on vitamin A metabolism in the chick A further investigation was therefore undertaken to study the importance of this phenomenon in the mechanism of antibiotic growth promotion.
Granulocytosis associated with tumor cell production of colony- stimulating activity (1983)

A patient with metastatic soft tissue sarcoma presented with a leukemoid reaction. The elevated white blood cell count was due to an increase in bands and mature segmented neutrophils. The degree of granulocytosis correlated with the tumor burden. There was no evidence of superimposed infection and the degree of bone marrow involvement by metastatic tumor was minimal. A cell line derived from the sarcoma produces granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity (CSA) in vitro. Although CSA could not be detected in serum, the findings in this patient suggest that the leukemoid reaction was due to tumor production of CSA.
Fault-Tolerant Transformerless Power Flow Controller Based-On ETO Light Converter (2008)

Static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) is one of the solid state flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices which is effective to control the active power flow across the transmission lines by altering or changing the characteristic impedance of the power line. However its widespread application is still limited by higher cost, series protection requirements, and low reliability. Attention is drawn to the issues of fault-tolerance and distributed design of the SSSC to achieve high reliability and lower cost. In this paper, a new 1-2 MVA modular ETO Light converter with low cost and high power density is introduced. Combined with modular air-cooled heat-pipe, modular digital interface, this modular converter has self-sensor, self-power and self-protection functions. The high voltage/current rating and control power self-generation enable the transformerless connection. Two fault-tolerant power flow controllers based on ETO Light converter are proposed. The SSSC operating principle and control strategies are introduced and discussed. The proposed protection scheme and SSSC controller operation is validated by simulation results. Full scale hardware demonstration is underway and experimental results will be presented in the final paper. Some experimental test results of ETO Light converter are also presented.
Mutual information based visual feature selection for lipreading (2004)

Image transforms, such as the discrete cosine, are widely used to extract visual features from the speaker’s mouth region to be used in automatic speechreading and audio-visual speech recognition. Typically, the spatial frequency components with the highest energy in the transform space are retained for recognition. This paper proposes an alternative technique for selecting such features, by utilizing the mutual information criterion instead. Mutual information between each individual spatial frequency component and the speech classes of interest is employed as a measure of its appropriateness for speech classification. The highest mutual information components are then selected as visual speech features. Extensions to this scheme by using joint mutual information between candidate feature pairs and classes are also considered. The algorithm is tested on visual-only speech recognition of connected-digit strings, using an appropriate audio-visual database. For low-dimensional visual feature vectors, the proposed method significantly outperforms features selected by means of energy, reducing word error rate by as much as 20% relative. These gains however diminish as higher feature dimensionalities are allowed.
ADP-ribosyl Cyclase and Cyclic ADP-ribose Hydrolase Act as a Redox Sensor (2001)

Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is unique to pulmonary arteries and serves to match lung perfusion to ventilation. However, in disease states this process can promote hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is associated with increased NADH levels in pulmonary artery smooth muscle and with intracellular Ca(2+) release from ryanodine-sensitive stores. Because cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) regulates ryanodine receptors and is synthesized from beta-NAD(+), we investigated the regulation by beta-NADH of cADPR synthesis and metabolism and the role of cADPR in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Significantly higher rates of cADPR synthesis occurred in smooth muscle homogenates of pulmonary arteries, compared with homogenates of systemic arteries. When the beta-NAD(+):beta-NADH ratio was reduced, the net amount of cADPR accumulated increased. This was due, at least in part, to the inhibition of cADPR hydrolase by beta-NADH. Furthermore, hypoxia induced a 10-fold increase in cADPR levels in pulmonary artery smooth muscle, and a membrane-permeant cADPR antagonist, 8-bromo-cADPR, abolished hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in pulmonary artery rings. We propose that the cellular redox state may be coupled via an increase in beta-NADH levels to enhanced cADPR synthesis, activation of ryanodine receptors, and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) release. This redox-sensing pathway may offer new therapeutic targets for hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.
The Eye's Mechanisms for Autocalibration (2002)

As those of us who build optical instruments are all too aware, changes in the environment surrounding an instrument or changes within the instrument itself can quickly throw it out of calibration. This usually requires someone to intervene and restore the device to its calibrated state. The human visual system, on the other hand, does not enjoy the luxury of such a caretaker, and must calibrate itself continuously. Evolution has created ingenious mechanisms that maintain optimal visual performance over the three-quarters of a century that corresponds to a typical human lifespan.
On Measuring the Power of Communications (2004)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> This article builds a framework for a new approach to copy testing, based on a theoretical model of advertising that brings affective measures to the forefront. It points the way to a complete rethinking of some new and old tools for measuring the effects of advertising and makes specific suggestions for how copy testing should change.
Development of wire-driven laparoscopic surgical robotic system, &#x201C;MU-LapaRobot&#x201D; (2011)

This paper describes the design and development of a new wire-driven laparoscopic surgical robotic system. The aim of our design is to develop a surgical robotic system to work with traditional surgical tools to reduce the surgeon's learning curve in using our robotic system. The overall design is strictly based on surgical requirements which our specific workspace analysis also plays an important role. The motion of laparoscopic tool creates a unique constraint which is a remote-fulcrum point away from the robot at the small incision on abdominal wall. Our robot consists of 3 sections; 1) 2-link passive planar manipulator with level adjuster for locating the fulcrum point in 3D-space, 2) 2-DOF distant-parallel mechanical linkage for generating a cone-shape workspace, and 3) tool's quick release for switching tool during the surgery. Our current study and mechanical design is based on our first design of “A Passive Laparoscopic Tool Holder with Electromagnetic Brake System” in full motion constraint. The new design is a wire-driven and motorized system. The design, implementation, experiment and results are discussed here. The ultimate goal of this project is to develop an interchangeable surgical robots which capable of human-robot collaboration and tele-operation.
Single-channel, 1.25-GS/s, 6-bit, loop-unrolled asynchronous SAR-ADC in 40nm-CMOS (2010)

A single channel, loop-unrolled, asynchronous successive approximation (SAR) ADC fabricated in 40nm CMOS is presented. Compared with a conventional SAR structure that exhibits significant delay in the digital feedback logic, the proposed 6b SAR-ADC employs a different comparator for each bit of conversion, with an asynchronous ripple clock generated after each quantization. With the sample rate limited only by the six delays of the C-DAC settling and comparator quantizations, the 40nm-CMOS SAR-ADC achieves a peak SNDR of 32.9dB and 30.5dB at 1GS/s and 1.25GS/s, respectively, consuming 5.28mW and 6.08mW in a core area less than 170um × 85um.
Effect of Crystallinity of Polyethylene with Different Densities on Breakdown Strength and Conductance Property (2019)

In order to study the effects of the crystallinity of polyethylene with different densities on breakdown strength and conductance properties, this paper mainly tests the X-ray diffraction (XRD), different scanning calorimeter (DSC), direct current (DC) breakdown and conductance properties of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), medium density polyethylene (MDPE), and high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and further analyzes the experimental results separately. The results show that an increase in the density of polyethylene leads to the continuous improvement of crystallinity, and an increase in crystallinity causes a significant decrease in the conduction current at the same field strength. The field strength corresponding to the two turning points in the conductance characteristic curve increases simultaneously.
Treatment of Oil-Contaminated Drill Cuttings by Microwave Heating in a High-Power Single-Mode Cavity (2005)

This study demonstrates that oil-contaminated drill cuttings (OCDC) from North Sea platforms can be treated in a single-mode microwave cavity such that the residual oil levels can be reduced to below the current environmental discharge limits. A number of process parameters have been investigated, including microwave power, treatment time, sample mass, and moisture content. Although the discharge limits were not achieved in a number of cases, it is shown that enhancing the concentration of dielectric heaters or multistage processing are strategies which result in residual oil levels which are well below the environmental limit. For a sample mass of 100 g, it is shown that treatment times as low as 3 s can be sufficient to remove the required amount of oil; this is much faster than equivalent tests in multimode cavities.
Optimised patient transfer using an innovative multidisciplinary assessment in Kanton Aargau (OPTIMA I) – an observational survey in lower respiratory tract infections (2011)

BACKGROUND:Current medical scores have limited efficiency and safety profiles to enable assignment to the most appropriate treatment site in patients with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). We describe our current triage practice and assess the potential of a combination of CURB65 with proadrenomedullin (ProADM) levels for triage decisions. METHODS:Consecutive patients with LRTIs presenting to our emergency department were prospectively followed and retrospectively classified according to CURB65 and ProADM levels (CURB65-A). Low medical risk patients were further subgrouped according to biopsychosocial and functional risks. We compared the proportion of patients virtually allocated to triage sites with actual triage decisions and assessed the added impact of ProADM in a subgroup. RESULTS:Overall, 93% of 146 patients were hospitalised. Among the 138 patients with available CURB65-A, 17.4% had a low medical risk indicating possible treatment in an outpatient or non-acute medical setting; 34.1% had an intermediate medical risk (short-hospitalisation); and 48.6% had a high medical risk (hospitalisation). Fewer patients were in a low CURB65-A class (I) than a low CURB65 class (0,1) (17.4% vs. 46.3%, p <0.001). Mean length of hospitalisation was 9.8 days including 3.6 days after reaching medical stability. In 60.3% of patients, hospitalisation was prolonged after medical stability mainly for medical reasons. CONCLUSIONS:Current rates of hospitalisation are high in patients with LRTI and length of stay frequently extended beyond time of medical stabilization. The lower proportion of patients reclassified as low risk by adding ProADM to the CURB65 score might improve confidence in the triage algorithm. Trial registration ISRCTN76703125
<title>Pulsed laser holographic video</title> (1996)

A holographic video imaging system with acoustooptic media, operated by a pulsed laser is described. The use of a pulse laser allows to get rid of a rotating polygon or a galvano scanner. For angular multiplexing of AOM, a specially designed combination of an acoustooptic scanner and a stripe mirror set (`still polygon') is used. The loading time of CGH data to AOM is reduced with six small size AOMs mounted in line with minimal gap. The system is capable of producing a horizontal only parallax image which is composed of 256 interlaced holographic lines. Each holographic lines has 36,000 pixels. The image is optically demagnified to the size of 7.4 X 5 cm<SUP>2</SUP> and changed in the rate of 60 Hz field frequency.
Ions in Polymers (1980)

Metal sulfonate groups were introduced into an ethylene-propylene-diene monomer terpolymer (EPDM) via reaction of its residual unsaturation with acetyl sulfate, followed by neutralization of the resultant polymeric sulfonic acid with ometal acetates. The composition, structure, and molecular weight of the EPDM and the sulfonate content, cation borne by the sulfonate group, and metal acetate concentration of the ionomer were found to substantially affect the rheological and mechanical properties of the ionomer. Through the proper selection of EPDM backbone, EPDM molecular weight, and sulfonate content, and through the use of the zinc cation, it was possible to prepare EPDM-based ionomers with excellent mechanical properties and with the lowest possible melt viscosities. Although formulations derived from these zinc sulfonate-containing EPDM's possess melt viscosities that are higher than desirable for facile processability, in many respects they are truly thermoplastic elastomers.
Determination of the Presence of Composite Ions in Catalysts and Composite Ionic Liquids-Catalyzed Isobutane Alkylation (2011)

A novel and efficient method was established to investigate isobutane/2-butene alkylation. In this method FT-IR spectroscopy was used to determine the presence of the composite ion (AlCuCl5-) in the composite ionic liquid (CIL). The trimethylpentane selectivity of the composite ionic liquid for isobutane/2-butene alkylation was also estimated by monitoring the shift of IR absorption bands in the range 1636–1685 cm-1. A detailed study of the alkylation of isobutane /2-butene in CIL media has been conducted using 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium halide/X aluminum chloride-y cuprous (I) chloride ([CnMIM]Cl/xAlCl3-yCuCl) encompassing various alkyl groups (n=4:B, butyl-, n=6:H, hexyl-, and n=8: O, octyl-)respectively. The ionic liquids showed higher selectivities of C8 as well as the TMP/DMH ratios in alkylates. The better catalytic performance of CIL can be attributed to the presence of the composite ion in it, and the catalytic performance of the chloroaluminate ionic liquid can be indicated by the 1685 cm -1 band of FT-IR spectroscopy.
Microbiological oxidation of long-chain aliphatic compounds. Part I. Alkanes and alk-1-enes (1968)

The yeast Torulopsis gropengiesseri converts long-chain alkanes into glycolipids which incorporate oxidised derivatives of the alkanes. Comparison of the lipid constituents of glycolipids derived from C12—C24 alkanes, a variety of oxygenated alkane derivatives, and a series of methyl β-alkoxypropionates has indicated that the major pathway of alkane metabolism involves the formation of alkan-1-ols which are subsequently dehydrogenated to the corresponding alkanoic acids. These acids are metabolised, either by β-oxidation, or by hydroxylation to give ω-hydroxy-acids (and subsequently αω-dicarboxylic acids) and, by a stereospecific hydroxylation, ω-1-hydroxy-acids. The oxidised alkanoic acids are protected from further degradation by incorporation into glycolipids. The chain-length of an alkanoic acid determines (i) whether β-oxidation or hydroxylation is the predominant reaction, and (ii) whether hydroxylation takes place mainly at the ω- or the ω-1-position. Both ω- and ω-1-hydroxylations of alkanoic acids are most efficient when the site of hydroxylation and the carboxy-group are separated by a chain of fourteen methylene groups. It is proposed that these hydroxylations may be brought about by a single enzyme. A minor pathway of alkane metabolism involves the formation of alkan-2-ols which are incorporated into glycolipids and not oxidatively metabolised. Fermentations of long-chain alk-1-enes yield glycolipids which incorporate ω-1-hydroxy-acids, ω-hydroxy-acids, and αω-dicarboxylic acids which are derived from the alk-1-enes both with and without loss of a carbon atom.
Co-administration of finasteride and the pure anti-oestrogen ICI 182,780 act synergistically in modulating the IGF system in rat prostate (2001)

Prostate cancer is the most diagnosed invasive malignancy in males. Androgens and oestrogens have been implicated in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. We report herein that the pure anti-oestrogen ICI 182,780 (ICI) reduces Ki-67 labelling index and IGF-I receptor levels in rat prostate. Increase of IGF-I mRNA and IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) accumulation occur without any effect on prostate weight. Finasteride significantly decreases prostate weight and inhibits IGF-I gene expression. IGFBP-3 mRNA, Akt and phospho-Akt are not affected by finasteride. Co-administration of ICI plus finasteride reduces prostate weight by approximately 50% and causes acinar dilation with decreased luminal epithelial cell thickness. The acinar epithelial cells became atrophic and inactive with minimal cytoplasm. We also demonstrate a synergistic effect of ICI and finasteride on induction of IGFBP-3 accumulation and inhibition of Akt phosphorylation. Because the IGF and IGFBP-3 system plays an important role in prostate epithelial cell proliferation, apoptosis and tumour progression, the inhibitory effects of finasteride and ICI on IGF system may contribute to their anti-proliferative activity. These observations support a potential use of ICI in conjunction with finasteride in the prevention and/or treatment of prostate cancer.