gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of drought, salt stress and abscisic acid on the resistance of tomato to <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> and <i>Oidium neolycopersici</i> (2006)

Abiotic stress may affect plant response to pathogen attack through induced alterations in growth regulator and gene expression. Abscisic acid (ABA) mediates several plant responses to abiotic stress. The effects of drought, salt stress and ABA on the interaction of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum ) with the biotrophic fungus Oidium neolycopersici and the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea were investigated. Drought stress resulted in a twofold increase in endogenous ABA as well as a 50% reduction in B. cinerea infection and a significant suppression of O. neolycopersici on tomato cv. Moneymaker. Salt stress did not affect B. cinerea infection, but significantly reduced infection by O. neolycopersici , with no obvious increase in endogenous ABA. Compared with the wild type, the ABA‐deficient sitiens mutant was more resistant to O. neolycopersici and B. cinerea . Exogenous ABA resulted in increased susceptibility of sitiens to both pathogens, but did not increase the basal susceptibility of wild‐type plants. It is concluded that, in tomato, drought and salt stress stimulate different, but possibly overlapping, pathogen‐defence pathways which may not necessarily involve ABA. Meanwhile, basal endogenous ABA levels suppress the resistance of tomato to O. neolycopersici and B. cinerea , but an ABA increase above the basal level, resulting from exogenous application, does not increase susceptibility to these pathogens.
Dormant mechanisms reveal the clinical significance of tumor dormancy: a narrative review (2021)

Abstract: After successful treatment, there is still the possibility of recurrence and metastasis in patients with malignant tumor. The reason why malignant tumor can recur after years and even decades of successful treatment is attributed to a small amount of dormant tumor cells remained in host for years. The dormancy state is unstable and may re-enter the proliferating state under appropriate conditions, leading to tumor recurrence and metastasis. Compared with the primary tumors, recurrent tumors or metastatic tumors are insensitive to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This characteristic of malignant tumor has become the difficulty of treatment, and it is also the cause of death of most tumor patients. Tumor dormancy puts forward challenges for clinical control and opportunities for scientific discovery. With its current pictures of the mechanisms of tumor dormancy and reawakening remaining incomplete, it is unclear when and which dormant cells will resume proliferation causing late relapse, and which will remain asymptomatic and harmless to their hosts. Here, we will discuss the regulation of autophagy, angiogenesis and immunity on tumor dormancy, and briefly introduce the clinical implications of tumor dormancy from the perspective of the above mechanisms. With better understanding of tumor dormancy at the molecular level, novel cancer therapeutics could be provided, turning into effective treatments for cancer patients.
Design and Comparative Analysis of a Retrofitted Liquid Cooling System for High-Power Actuators (2015)

This paper presents an in-depth system-level experimental analysis comparing air-cooled and liquid-cooled commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) electric motors. Typically, liquid-cooled electric motors are reserved for large, expensive, high-end applications where the design of the motor’s electromagnetic components are closely coupled to its cooling system. By applying liquid cooling to a pre-existing motor design, this work helps bring the performance advantages of liquid cooling to smaller scale and lower cost applications. Prior work in this area gives little insight to designers of such systems. Conversely, this work aims to improve the understanding of liquid-cooled COTS motors by reporting empirically-observed factors of improvement for motor current, torque, output power and system efficiency. These measurements are obtained using a new liquid-cooled motor housing design that improves the ease of maintenance and component reuse compared to existing work. It is confirmed that datasheet motor thermal properties may serve as a reasonable guide for anticipating continuous torque performance, but may over-specify continuous power output. For the motor used in this test, continuous torque output is increased by a factor of 2.58, matching to within 9% of expected datasheet values. Continuous power output is increased by a factor of two with only 2.2% reduced efficiency compared to air-cooling.
Ligand binding and gene control characteristics of tandem riboswitches in <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> (2007)

Most riboswitches are composed of a single metabolite-binding aptamer and a single expression platform that function together to regulate genes in response to changing metabolite concentrations. In rare instances, two aptamers or sometimes two complete riboswitches reside adjacent to each other in untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNAs. We have examined an example of a tandem riboswitch in the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus anthracis that includes two complete riboswitches for thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). Unlike other complex riboswitch systems described recently, tandem TPP riboswitches do not exhibit cooperative ligand binding and do not detect two different types of metabolites. In contrast, both riboswitches respond independently to TPP and are predicted to function in concert to mimic the more "digital" gene control outcome observed when two aptamers bind ligands cooperatively. Our findings further demonstrate that simple gene control elements made only of RNA can be assembled in different architectures to yield more complex gene control outcomes.
ChemInform Abstract: PEPTIDES. XXXXV. SYNTHESIS OF THE 118‐129 FRAGMENT OF A LYSOZYME ANALOG (1981)

Abstract Die Synthese des Titelfragments (VII) wird durch Kondensation der Komponenten (IIb), (IVb) und (VIb) erreicht, die durch Abspaltung der Schutzgruppen aus den ‐ schrittweise aufgebauten ‐ Teilpeptiden (IIa), (IVa) bzw. (VIa) erhältlich sind.
Synthesis of Benz[b]indolizinies and related compounds (1969)

Ethyl 2-pyridylacetate reacted with p-benzoquinone and p-toluoquinone in acetic acid to give 3-hydroxy- and 1-methyl-3-hydroxy-10- ethoxycarbonylbenz[b]-indolizine respectively, while 1,4-naphthoquinone yielded the known 12-ethoxy-carbonyl-6,11-dioxo-6,11-dihydronaphth[2,3- b]indolizine. Ethyl 2-pyridylacetate reacted with 2-chlorocyclohexanone and 2-bromocyclohexane-1,3-dione to give small yields of 10- ethoxycarbonyl- and 10-ethoxycarbonyl-4-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenz- [b]indolizine respectively.
Ultrafiltration of defatted whey: influence of some physicochemical characteristics (1992)

International audience
Engineered Bioretention for Removal of Nitrate from Stormwater Runoff (2003)

A bioretention unit is a simple, plant- and soil-based, low-impact treatment and infiltration facility for treating stormwater runoff in developed areas. Nitrate, however, is not attenuated in conventional bioretention facilities. Thus, this study systematically evaluated a reengineered concept of bioretention for nitrate removal via microbial denitrification, which incorporates a continuously submerged anoxic zone with an overdrain. Experimental studies were performed in four phases. In the first two phases, column studies demonstrated that, overall, newspaper is the best solid-phase electron-donor substrate for denitrification out of the set studied (alfalfa, leaf mulch compost, newspaper, sawdust, wheat straw, wood chips, and elemental sulfur) based on superior nitrate removal and effluent water quality. The nitrate loading and hydraulic loading studies in the second phase provided design information. In the third phase, system viability after 30- and 84-day dormant periods was evaluated in column studies, demonstrating that newspaper-supported biological denitrification should be effective under conditions of intermittent loadings. Finally, in the fourth phase, pilot-scale bioretention studies demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed design, showing nitrate plus nitrite mass removals of up to 80%. These results indicate that engineered bioretention for the removal of nitrogen from stormwater runoff has the potential for successful application as an urban stormwater treatment practice.
Hemin-Stimulated Docking of Cytochrome <i>c</i> to a Hemin−DNA Aptamer Complex (2002)

DNA aptamers were selected for their ability to bind simultaneously to the protein cytochrome c and to the metalloporphyrin hemin. Such aptamers each contained a conserved guanine-rich core, analogous to sequences shown previously to form a hemin-binding site when folded. The detailed study of CH6A, a deletion mutant of one clone, indicated that in the presence of hemin the guanine-rich core of the aptamer folded to form a guanine quadruplex. Both hemin and potassium ions were required for this folding. The binding of fully oxidized cytochrome c to this DNA-hemin complex resulted in an absorbance difference spectrum in the Soret region, which could be used as an indicator of binding behavior. It was found that cytochrome c bound more tightly to the folded CH6A DNA-hemin complex than to the folded CH6A DNA alone. A single hemin molecule and a single cytochrome c bound to each molecule of folded CH6A. Footprinting experiments showed the binding site of the cytochrome c to be a partial duplex element of the aptamer, immediately flanking its guanine-rich hemin-binding site. The order of addition of hemin and cytochrome c appeared not to affect either the formation rate or the structure of the final ternary complex. The ternary complex represents the docking of a nucleic acid-heme complex to cytochrome c (a protein-heme complex). Future experiments will focus on investigating the optimal electron-transfer path between the two iron centers through intervening protein and DNA.
Identifying novel genes contributing to asthma pathogenesis (2007)

While significant progress has been made in the identification of asthma susceptibility genes, it is clear that issues such as replication and functional characterization mean that considerably more research is required. This may enable us to realize benefits to patient treatment that studies of the genetic basis of asthma have the potential to deliver.
Miniaturized Continuous-Flow Digital PCR for Clinical-Level Serum Sample Based on the 3D Microfluidics and CMOS Imaging Device (2020)

In recent years, the development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology has focused on digital PCR, which depends on the microfluidics. Based on continuous-flow microfluidic technology, this paper designed a miniaturized digital PCR amplification system, and greatly reduced the area required for microdroplet generation and reaction. The core rod. made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), was combined with the Teflon tube to form 3D microfluidics, which requires only one heating source to form the temperature difference required for gene amplification. Only two 34 g needles can form and transmit micro-droplets in a 4-fold tapered Teflon tube, which is the simplest method to generate digital PCR droplets as far as we know, which allows the microdroplet generation device to be free from dependence on expensive chips. A complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) camera was used as a detection tool to obtain fluorescence video for the entire loop area or a specified loop area. In addition, we developed a homebrew for automatic image acquisition and processing to realize the function of digital PCR. This technique realizes the analysis of clinical serum samples of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and obtained the same results as real-time quantitative PCR. This system has greatly reduced the size and cost of the entire system, while maintaining a stable response.
Molybdenum disulphide/titanium dioxide nanocomposite-poly 3-hexylthiophene bulk heterojunction solar cell (2012)

Demonstration of hybrid bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar photovoltaic cell employing molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)/titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocomposite (∼15 μm thick) and poly 3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) active layers is presented in this letter. The dominant Raman peak at 146 cm−1 confirmed TiO2, while two other peaks observed at 383 cm−1 and 407 cm−1 asserted MoS2 in the nanocomposite film. The demonstrated BHJ solar cell, having a stacked structure of indium tin oxide/TiO2/MoS2/P3HT/gold, exhibits a short circuit current density of 4.7 mA/cm2, open circuit voltage of 560 mV, and photoconversion efficiency of 1.3% under standard AM1.5 illumination condition. We observe that the quality of TiO2/MoS2/P3HT interfaces, as reflected in the dark saturation current in low- and medium-forward-bias region, plays a key role in impacting solar cell performance due to interfacial recombination effect.
When, Why, and How Controversy Causes Conversation (2013)

How does controversy affect conversation? Five studies using both field and laboratory data address this question. Contrary to popular belief, controversial things are not necessarily more likely to be discussed. Controversy increases likelihood of discussion at low levels, but beyond a moderate level of controversy, additional controversy actually decreases likelihood of discussion. The controversy-conversation relationship is driven by two countervailing processes. Controversy increases interest (which increases likelihood of discussion) but simultaneously increases discomfort (which decreases likelihood of discussion). Contextual factors such as anonymity and whether people are talking to friends or strangers moderate the controversy-conversation relationship by impacting these component processes. Our framework sheds light on how, when, and why controversy affects whether or not things are discussed.
Concurrent dielectric analysis-differential thermal analysis (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConcurrent dielectric analysis-differential thermal analysisRichard. Nottenburg, Mark. Freeman, Krishnan. Rajeshwar, and Joel. DuBowCite this: Anal. Chem. 1979, 51, 8, 1149–1155Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50044a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50044a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views67Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of PAMAM dendrimer-based fast cross-linking hydrogel for biofabrication (2015)

Hydrogels possess great potential in biofabrication because they allow cell encapsulation and proliferation in a highly hydrated three-dimensional environment, and they provide biologically relevant chemical and physical signals. However, development of hydrogel systems that mimic the complexity of natural extracellular matrix remains a challenge. In this study, we report the development of a binary hydrogel system containing a synthetic poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimer and a natural polymer, i.e., hyaluronic acid (HA), to form a fast cross-linking hydrogel. Live cell staining experiment and cell viability assay of bone marrow stem cells demonstrated that cells were viable and proliferating in the in situ formed PAMAM/HA hydrogel system. Furthermore, introduction of a Arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD) peptide into the hydrogel system significantly improved the cell viability, proliferation, and attachment. Therefore, this PAMAM/HA hydrogel system could be a promising platform for various applications in biofabrication.
Bacillus licheniformis APase I gene promoter: a strong well-regulated promoter in B. subtilis (1991)

The 5' regulatory region and the portion of the structural gene coding for the amino-terminal sequence of alkaline phosphatase I (APase I) were isolated from Bacillus licheniformis MC14 using a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide deduced from the amino acid sequence of the enzyme. The DNA sequence analysis of this region revealed an open reading frame of 129 amino acids containing the amino-terminal sequence of the mature APase protein. The protein sequence was preceded by a putative signal sequence of 32 amino acid residues. The predicted amino acid sequence of the partial APase clone as well as the experimentally determined amino acid sequence of the enzyme indicated that B. licheniformis APase retains the important features conserved among other APases of Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia colil Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and various human tissues. Heterologous expression studies of the promoter using a fusion with the lacZ gene indicated that it functions as a very strong inducible promoter in B. subtilis that is tightly regulated by phosphate concentration.
Optimization of a-SiGe:H Alloy Composition for Stable Solar Cells (1995)

The film properties and solar cell performance of amorphous SiGe:H (a-SiGe:H) samples have been systematically investigated, using constant optical gap and various compositions of hydrogen and germanium. It was found that the hydrogen content and bonding configurations play important roles in determining both the initial properties and stability. The optimum compositions were clarified for the minimum Urbach tail characteristic energy and defect density in the as-deposited film, and for the maximum conversion efficiency of the solar cells. The stability of a-SiGe single and a-Si/a-SiGe tandem solar cells becomes higher as the hydrogen content of the photovoltaic layer becomes lower. As a result, the optimum composition after light soaking shifts to the region of lower hydrogen content. Applying the above findings to the design of devices, the highest stabilized conversion efficiencies of 3.3% (initial 3.7%) under red light (λ>650 nm) for an a-SiGe single-junction solar cell and 10.6% (initial 11.6%) for an a-Si/a-SiGe tandem solar cell have been achieved (area: 1 cm 2 ).
Biologic and Molecular Characterization of Producer and Nonproducer Clones from HUT-78 Cells Infected with a Patient HIV Isolate (1989)

HUT-78 cells were infected with a reverse transcriptase (RT)-positive supernatant of a culture of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from an AIDS patient and then cloned. Of these clones, two have been isolated and characterized. Clone D10 is persistently and productively infected with an HIV variant. The clone F12, in spite of the presence of an integrated full-length HIV provirus, does not release virus particles in the medium. D10 and F12 clones substantially differ in terms of protein pattern; that is, D10 is super-imposable to infected HUT-78 cells, whereas F12 exhibits a decreased uncleaved p55 gag precursor and the presence of uncleaved gp160 and of a unique p19, although they do not show qualitative or quantitative differences in viral RNA synthesis. Restriction patterns of F12 proviral DNA do not show major genomic deletions. These results indicate that F12 clone cells carry an HIV genome with minor mutations that probably affect the correct production of viral proteins at a posttranscriptional level. In addition, the F12 clone is resistant to high-multiplicity superinfection with HIV-1 or HIV-2.
Predicting the implementation effort of ERP projects: empirical evidence on SAP/R3 (2001)

This paper investigates the impact of the technical size and organizational complexity of SAP/R3 projects on implementation effort. Traditional models for predicting software implementation effort tie measures of code size and programming complexity to development time. ERP projects shift a significant proportion of the implementation effort from code development to the parameterization of a pre-existing software package. At the same time, they move complexity from technical to organizational factors since they force companies to adapt to predefined work processes embedded in the software. This paper redefines the concepts of size and complexity for ERP projects and empirically verifies their impact on implementation effort. Specifically, project size is measured in terms of the number of SAP modules and submodules that are implemented, while complexity is defined as the organizational scope of the project in terms of users involved and overall company size. Hypotheses are tested on 43 SAP/R3 projects conducted in a cross-section of manufacturing companies. The findings show that both the technical size and organizational complexity of projects are relevant drivers of implementation effort. The results indicate that implementation effort not only grows with the number of modules and submodules that are selected for implementation, but that SAP is found to require increasing resources to be implemented in larger companies and for a higher number of users, thus indicating that, while there is a technical component of effort that is independent of the organizational breadth of the project, each user adds an organizational component of costs.
Molecular Logic Gates Using Surface-Enhanced Raman-Scattered Light (2011)

A voltage-activated molecular-plasmonics device was created to demonstrate molecular logic based on resonant surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). SERS output was achieved by a combination of chromophore-plasmon coupling and surface adsorption at the interface between a solution and a gold nanodisc array. The chromophore was created by the self-assembly of a supramolecular complex with a redox-active guest molecule. The guest was reversibly oxidized at the gold surface to the +1 and +2 oxidation states, revealing spectra that were reproduced by calculations. State-specific SERS features enabled the demonstration of a multigate logic device with electronic input and optical output.
Latent Class Analysis (1987)

Introduction The Logic of Latent Variables Latent Class Analysis Estimating Latent Categorical Variables Analyzing Scale Response Patterns Comparing Latent Structures Among Groups Conclusions
Fast collision detection based on projection parallel algorithm (2010)

This paper describes a fast collision detection algorithm based on projection and parallel. We make irregular three-dimensional objects project to be regular two-dimensional objects in two-dimensional plane and carry on collision detection by combining with spatial projection transformation method, This method improved Ming C. Jin algorithm and Lin-Canny algorithm, so that three-dimensional objects can be detected by the orthographic projection accurately. We distributed two-dimensional projection lists in different computer nodes to sort by combining with parallel, filtering, carrying on intersection collision detection, so accelerate the speed of collision detection.
New synchronisation scheme for communication-satellite time-division multiple-access systems (1973)

A time-division multiple-access synchronisation scheme is described that uses a minimal bandwidth of a satellite global beam transponder with most traffic being transmitted through a spot beam transponder. Such a scheme is ideally suited to the next generation of communication satellites in which extensive use is likely to be made of spot beam antennas to achieve ‘frequency reuse’.