gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition as a potential antiepileptogenic therapy: From tuberous sclerosis to common acquired epilepsies (2009)

Most current treatments for epilepsy are symptomatic therapies that suppress seizures but do not affect the underlying course or prognosis of epilepsy. The need for disease-modifying or "antiepileptogenic" treatments for epilepsy is widely recognized, but no such preventive therapies have yet been established for clinical use. A rational strategy for preventing epilepsy is to target primary signaling pathways that initially trigger the numerous downstream mechanisms mediating epileptogenesis. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway represents a logical candidate, because mTOR regulates multiple cellular functions that may contribute to epileptogenesis, including protein synthesis, cell growth and proliferation, and synaptic plasticity. The importance of the mTOR pathway in epileptogenesis is best illustrated by tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), one of the most common genetic causes of epilepsy. In mouse models of TSC, mTOR inhibitors prevent the development of epilepsy and underlying brain abnormalities associated with epileptogenesis. Accumulating evidence suggests that mTOR also participates in epileptogenesis due to a variety of other causes, including focal cortical dysplasia and acquired brain injuries, such as in animal models following status epilepticus or traumatic brain injury. Therefore, mTOR inhibition may represent a potential antiepileptogenic therapy for diverse types of epilepsy, including both genetic and acquired epilepsies.
Permission-combination-based scheme for Android mobile malware detection (2014)

With the increase use of Android mobile phones, more Android malwares are being developed. Android malware detection becomes a crucial task. In this paper, we present a permission-combination-based scheme for Android malware detection. The Android malware detection scheme is based on permission combinations declared in the application manifest file. We obtain the permission combinations that are requested frequently by malwares but rarely by benign applications. We generate rule sets based on the permission combinations. Our experimental results show that the malware detection rate is up to 96%, and the benign application recognition rate is up to 88%. Our experimental results with real malwares show that the Android malware detection scheme is very efficient and effective.
Fieldwork education as evidence of CPD (1999)

This article continues the series on continuing professional development. It highlights fieldwork education as a forum for collecting evidence of professional growth. Methods of collecting evidence are suggested to enable occupational therapists and physiotherapists involved in the clinical supervision of students to develop their professional development portfolios.
Sorting and Intracellular Trafficking of a Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored Protein and Two Hybrid Transmembrane Proteins with the Same Ectodomain in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Epithelial Cells (1995)

We compared the trafficking of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) and two chimeric transmembrane proteins containing the PLAP ectodomain in stably transfected Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells to determine whether different mechanisms might be used in apical sorting of GPI-anchored and transmembrane proteins. PLAP-G, which contained the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein, was delivered directly to the basolateral surface. PLAP-HA contained the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of influenza hemagglutinin. Both PLAP and PLAP-HA were delivered directly to the apical membrane. PLAP becomes insoluble in Triton X-100 during biosynthetic transport, as it associates with detergent-resistant membranes. Neither hybrid protein was detergent insoluble, though the small amount of PLAP that was missorted to the basolateral surface was insoluble. We examined the effects of three drugs known to interfere with membrane trafficking on sorting and delivery of PLAP and the hybrid proteins. Monensin had no effect on sorting or surface expression of any of the proteins. Nocodazole affected the sorting of both PLAP and PLAP-HA but not of PLAP-G. Brefeldin A appeared to disrupt the sorting of PLAP and PLAP-HA but not of PLAP-G. This conclusion was tempered by the observation that this drug affected the distribution of proteins at the cell surface. Thus, sorting and transport of GPI-anchored and apical transmembrane proteins are similar in a number of respects.
Antimalarial Activity of New Dihydroartemisinin Derivatives. 7. 4-(<i>p</i>-Substituted phenyl)-4(<i>R</i> or <i>S</i>)-[10(α or β)-dihydroartemisininoxy]butyric Acids<sup>1-6</sup> (1997)

To search for water soluble dihydroartemisinin derivatives with higher efficacy and longer plasma half-life than artesunic or artelinic acid, a series of new stereoisomers of 4-(p-substituted phenyl)-4(R or S)-[10(α or β)-dihydroartemisininoxy]butyric acids were synthesized as new potential antimalarial agents. Two approaches were taken in the design of these new molecules in an attempt to (a) increase the lipophilicity of the molecule and (b) decrease the rate of oxidative dealkylation of the target compounds. The new compounds showed a 2−10-fold increase in in vitro antimalarial activity against D-6 and W-2 clones of Plasmodium falciparum than artemisinin or artelinic acid. R-diastereomers are, in general, more potent than the corresponding S-diastereomers. p-Chlorophenyl and p-bromophenyl derivatives showed in vivo oral antimalarial activity against P. berghei (with 3/8 cured) superior to that of artelinic acid (1/8 cured), whereas p-fluorophenyl and p-methoxyphenyl analogs demonstrated activity only comparable (1/8 cured) to that of artelinic acid at the same dosage level (64 mg/kg twice a day). The in vivo antimalarial activity of these new compounds correlates with their SD50 (50% parasitemia suppression dose). The biological results suggested that an electronic effect, besides the lipophylicity, may play a role in determining the efficacy of this class of compounds.
A role for the sensory neuropeptide calcitonin gene‐related peptide in endothelial cell proliferation<i>in vivo</i> (2012)

These data support the hypothesis that CGRP stimulates angiogenesis in vivo directly by activating CGRP receptors. Capsaicin-induced endothelial cell proliferation was completely blocked by coadministration of CGRP and NK₁ receptor antagonists, indicating that both CGRP and substance P may contribute to angiogenesis in this model of synovitis.
Direct interaction of CREB protein with 21 bp Tax-response elements of HTLV-ILTR. (1992)

The three 21-bp repeats (Tax-responsive elements) of the long terminal repeat (LTR) of the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-I) mediates the response of the Tax protein. All three Tax-responsive elements (TREs) contain a TGACG motif, reminiscent of the CREB/ATF-binding site TGACGTCA. DNA-affinity chromatography with the 5'-TRE resulted in a previous study in proteins of about 32, 36 to 42, 50 and 110 kDa. Here we demonstrate that the 42 kDa protein is the cAMP-response element-binding (CREB) protein. This is shown by phosphorylation of the proteins eluted from the DNA-affinity column with protein kinase A (PKA) in vitro and subsequent indirect immunoprecipitation with a CREB-specific antiserum raised against an internal CREB-specific peptide. This method allows detection of phosphorylated proteins by autoradiography with high sensitivity and is superior to metabolic labeling. One of the phosphorylated proteins co-migrates with immuno-affinity-purified CREB protein--also phosphorylated in vitro--and competes with the peptide antigen, which proves the specificity of the reaction. The purified CREB protein leads to specific DNA-protein complexes in DNA mobility-shift analyses with all three TREs. Comparison of these TRE-CREB complexes with those formed by nuclear extracts from the HTLV-I-transformed T-cell line C81-66-45 indicates that additional cellular factors contribute to the complexes, especially to the middle TRE. This is also shown by using CREB-depleted instead of complete nuclear extracts for DNA mobility-shift assays. Antibodies against CREB but not Tax affect the mobility of the DNA-protein complex.
Pharmacologic manipulation of the peripheral vasculature in shock: clinical and experimental approaches. (1986)

An improved understanding of the patho-physiological and biochemical changes that occur in shock states has led to new and innovative pharmacologic approaches to shock reversal. In this article, we review the actions of several pharmaceutical agents on the peripheral vasculature in shock states. Agents with known efficacy, probable utility, and possible usefulness are each discussed. A model of factors modulating alpha-1 adrenergic receptor action is presented.
Priority Inheritance during Remote Procedure Calls in Real-Time Android using Extended Binder Framework (2015)

Different approaches for improving process scheduling, memory management and generic message passing have been introduced to Android in the past, in order to extend it with support for real-time applications. One of Android's most important security features is sandboxing and strict isolation of running processes. Through its highly modular application framework, an RPC-based interprocess communication using the Binder driver plays a crucial role in the Android platform. This paper presents an extended Binder module for preserving the priority of the calling thread across process boundaries. Introduced modifications affect the low level Linux driver as well as its Java / C++ wrapper in the Android framework. Instead of the invocation of the call with the default priority, an additional pool of real-time threads is created on the remote side and automatically used to handle high priority requests. Empirical evaluation results provide experimental evidence of the effectiveness and scalability of the proposed approach and show bounded execution time in different test configurations. Furthermore, the improved Android platform remains fully backward compatible with existing components and third-party applications.
Synthesis and Rietveld crystal structure refinement of mackinawite, tetragonal FeS (1995)

Abstract Mackinawite, tetragonal FeS, has been synthesised by reacting iron with Na 2 S solutions. A Rietveld structure refinement of X-ray powder diffraction data, recorded using X-rays monochromated from synchrotron radiation with a wavelength of 0.6023 Å, has been performed. The structure has been refined in the tetragonal space group, P 4/ nmm , and has the following cell parameters: a = 3.6735(4), c = 5.0328(7) Å, V = 67.914(24) Å 3 . Our refinement shows that the FeS 4 tetrahedron in mackinawite is almost perfectly regular, with a much smaller distortion than has been previously reported. An improved X-ray diffraction data set is provided.
Photocapacitance study of deep levels due to nonstoichiometry in nitrogen-free GaP light-emitting diodes (1982)

Photocapacitance spectra of the excitation probability of electrons (or holes) occupied in deep levels have been measured for S- and Te-doped nitrogen-free GaP light-emitting diodes grown by temperature difference method of liquid phase epitaxy under various phosphorus pressures in the vicinity of the optimum pressure (Popt ). A band at 2.00 eV observed for the diodes grown under phosphorus pressures higher than Popt is attributed to interstitial phosphorus atoms. On the other hand, bands at 2.10 and 2.20 eV which were observed, respectively, in the spectra of S- and Te-doped diodes grown under phosphorus pressure lower than Popt are attributed to complex centers of phosphorus vacancies and donors.
An improved window for ring imaging Cerenkov detectors (1990)

Calcium fluoride crystal is used as a window in RICH (ring imaging Cerenkov) detectors because of its vacuum ultraviolet transmission down to 125.7 nm. This permits triethylamine (TEA) photosensitive gas to be used in the detector. The crystal would be more useful if larger, single crystals could be achieved. A crystal growing furnace was designed, based upon the concepts of a vertical slab geometry, to produce large, single crystals. These concepts are embodied in a furnace which produces calcium fluoride crystals 35 cm square by 7.5 cm thick. These ingots are an optimal geometry for the fabrication of RICH detector windows. Surface strengthening experiments indicate that large-area calcium fluoride windows can be made much more reliable than historic, nominal stress-at-failure values would predict. It is noted that maximum transmission of Cerenkov radiation in the vacuum ultraviolet spectral region can be ensured with special purification technology. Very pure calcium fluoride crystals show increased resistance to forming color centers after exposure to several megarads of ionizing radiation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Silver enhancement of Nanogold particles during freeze substitution for electron microscopy (2008)

Recent advances in rapid freezing and fixation by freeze substitution have allowed structural cell biologists to apply these reliable modes of sample preparation to a wide range of specimens and scientific problems. Progress in electron tomography has produced cellular images with resolution approaching 4 nm in 3D, but our ability to localize macromolecules in these well-fixed, well-resolved samples has remained limited. When light fixation and low temperature embedding are employed with appropriate resins, immuno-localizations can recognize antigens at a section's surface, but labelling is therefore confined, not throughout the section's depth. Small, electron-dense markers, like Nanogold(R), will often enter a living cell, serving as reliable tracers for endocytic activity, but these markers are usually too small to be visible in the context of a cell. We have developed a method for the silver enhancement of Nanogold particles that works during freeze substitution in organic solvents at low temperature. Here, we describe the development of this method, based on in vitro tests of reagents and conditions. We then show results from application of the method to an in vivo system, using Nanogold to track the internalization of immunoglobulin by neonatal murine intestinal epithelium, a specific example of receptor-mediated membrane traffic.
Blockchain and Health IT: Algorithms, Privacy and Data (2016)

The President’s Precision Medicine Initiative (PMI) is “enabling a new era of clinical care through research, technology, and policies that empower patients, researchers, and providers to work together toward the development of individualized care”. Its commitment to privacy and security in the setting of responsible data sharing and transparency is articulated in the “Privacy and Trust Principles” and the “Data Security Policy Principles and Framework”, developed by an interagency working groups including the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology in conjunction with multiple stakeholders. 
In this paper, we review the threats to the security, confidentiality, integrity, and availability of PMI data. PMI organizations can mitigate these challenges through a new system architecture in development at MIT -- the OPAL/Enigma project -- which creates a peer-to-peer network that enables parties to jointly store and analyze data with complete privacy, based on highly optimized version of multi-party computation with a secret-sharing. An auditable, tamper-proof distributed ledger (a permissioned blockchain) records and controls access through smart contracts and digital identities. We conclude with an initial use case of OPAL/Enigma that could empower precision medicine clinical trials and research. 
MIT’s OPAL/Enigma challenges traditional data security paradigms. Centralized databases cannot assure security and data integrity, regardless de-identification and controlled access requirements. Safe, vetted queries that are distributed to private, encrypted databases assure that organizations and participants can share health care data with cryptographic guarantees of privacy with various stakeholders, assuring momentum for a new era of medical research and practice.
Influence of divalent ions on the solubility of iturin and bacillomycin L, antifungal peptidolipids of Bacillus subtilis. (1991)

When calcium chloride was added to the culture medium of strains producing iturin or bacillomycin L, the antibiotic, normally excreted in the supernatant of the culture medium, was found in the cell pellet. This apparent inhibition of the antibiotic excretion was studied and it was demonstrated that CaCl2 precipitated the antibiotic after its excretion in the medium. The ability of various chloride salts to precipitate iturin and bacillomycin L was tested and the most effective salts were CaCl2 and MnCl2. Comparison of the compounds obtained by CaCl2 precipitation and by acid precipitation showed that, in the latter case, major antibiotics were accompanied by minor congeners resulting from modifications of genuine antibiotics.
Metal Hydride Storage Systems: State of the Art Analysis and Integration in FC-based Energy Systems (2007)

The technology of metal hydride hydrogen-storage systems has already reached a mature stage and several systems from different manufacturers around the world are now available for purchase. The main reasons for this development can be found in their intrinsic safety features, lower energy consumption and smaller size as compared to other more consolidated hydrogen storage technologies, such as hydrogen compression or liquefaction. However, metal hydride systems also present some drawbacks which limit their range of applications, above all their weight and poor kinetic performance.\nTherefore, in this paper metal hydride based hydrogen-storage technology is reviewed in order to assess its performance, and several commercial systems are surveyed and compared to other well-established technologies.\nParticular emphasis is given to the design constraints which must be taken into account when devising a proper layout for a FC-based energy system, with metal hydrides used to supply hydrogen to the FC. In order to achieve optimal efficiency, the thermal energy required by the storage system should be recovered from the system waste energy, and the most suitable accessories (batteries, supercapacitors) should be integrated in the system so as to extend its kinetic capabilities.\nThe authors have cooperated to the development of such an integrated system within two research programs (DEMAG, FEMAG) financed under the 6th EU Framework Programme. Details of the system layout implemented are given and discussed.
Expression of the Wnt signaling system in central nervous system axon guidance and regeneration (2012)

Wnt signaling is essential for axon wiring throughout the development of the nervous system in vertebrates and invertebrates. In rodents, Wnts are expressed in gradients that span the entire anterior-posterior (A-P) axis in the spinal cord and the medial-lateral axis in the superior colliculus. In the brainstem, Wnts are expressed in more complex gradients along the A-P axis. These gradients provide directional information for axon pathfinding and positional information for topographic mapping and are detected by cell polarity signaling pathways in the growth cone. The gradient expression of Wnts and the coordinated expression of Wnt signaling systems are regulated by mechanisms which are currently unknown. Injury to the adult spinal cord results in the re-induction of Wnts in multiple cell types around the lesion site and their signaling system in injured axons. The re-induced Wnts form gradients around the lesion site, with the lesion site being the peak. The re-inducedWnts may be responsible for the well-known retraction of descending motor axons through the receptor Ryk (related receptor tyrosine kinases). Wnt signaling is an appealing new therapeutic target for CNS repair. The mechanisms regulating the re-induction are unknown but will be informative for therapeutic design.
Web services QoS: external SLAs and internal policies or: how do we deliver what we promise? (2004)

With Web services starting to be deployed within organizations and being offered as paid services across organizational boundaries, quality of service (QoS) has become one of the key issues to be addressed by providers and clients. While methods to describe and advertise QoS properties have been developed, the main outstanding issue remains how to implement a service that lives up to promised QoS properties. This keynote speech revisits the current state of the art of QoS management applied today to Web services and raises a set of research issues that originate in the visualization aspect of services and are specific to QoS management in a services environment - beyond what is addressed so far by work in the areas of distributed systems and performance management.
Acute‐Phase Serum Amyloid A as a Marker of Insulin Resistance in Mice (2008)

Acute‐phase serum amyloid A (A‐SAA) was shown recently to correlate with obesity and insulin resistance in humans. However, the mechanisms linking obesity‐associated inflammation and elevated plasma A‐SAA to insulin resistance are poorly understood. Using high‐fat diet‐ (HFD‐) fed mice, we found that plasma A‐SAA was increased early upon HFD feeding and was tightly associated with systemic insulin resistance. Plasma A‐SAA elevation was due to induction of Saa1 and Saa2 expression in liver but not in adipose tissue. In adipose tissue Saa3 was the predominant isoform and the earliest inflammatory marker induced, suggesting it is important for initiation of adipose tissue inflammation. To assess the potential impact of A‐SAA on adipose tissue insulin resistance, we treated 3T3‐L1 adipocytes with recombinant A‐SAA. Intriguingly, physiological levels of A‐SAA caused alterations in gene expression closely resembling those observed in HFD‐fed mice. Proinflammatory genes ( Ccl2, Saa3 ) were induced while genes critical for insulin sensitivity ( Irs1, Adipoq, Glut4 ) were down‐regulated. Our data identify HFD‐fed mice as a suitable model to study A‐SAA as a biomarker and a novel possible mediator of insulin resistance.
Advantages of a TDMA based, energy-efficient, self-organizing MAC protocol for WSNs (2005)

The paper presents EMACs, a medium access protocol especially designed for wireless sensor networks. The medium access protocol consists of a fully distributed and self-organizing TDMA scheme, in which each active node periodically listens to the channel and broadcasts a short control message. This control message is needed for medium access operation and is also used to piggy back various types of information at low energy costs. Information in the control message is used to create a maximal independent set of nodes. This set of nodes creates a connected network and nodes in the set are active, while other nodes are passive and save energy by exploiting the infrastructure created by the connected network. The presented approach is compared in simulation with the SMAC protocol (a medium access protocol with coordinated adaptive sleeping) in a realistic multi-hop network setup where sensor readings are transported to a specific node and routes are established using the dynamic source routing protocol. The EMACs protocol is able to extend the network lifetime by 30% to 55% compared to SMAC in a static network topology, and in a dynamic network topology, EMACs prolongs the network lifetime by a factor of 2.9 to 4.2.