gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intrathecal IgM synthesis is a prognostic factor in multiple sclerosis (2002)

Intrathecal IgM synthesis (ITMS) predicts a worse evolution in the first stages of multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study was the follow-up of a group of relapsing-remitting MS patients for a longer time to evaluate whether the ITMS implies a poor prognosis. Oligoclonal IgM bands were performed in 29 MS patients followed up from 5 to 16 years. Time to conversion to secondary-progressive MS (SPMS), time elapsed to reach a disability of 6 in the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), percentage of patients with a benign MS, and changes in EDSS score were evaluated. During the follow-up, 70.8% of patients with ITMS converted to SPMS. None of the patients without ITMS did. At the end of the study, 63.6% of patients with ITMS had reached EDSS 6, whereas none of the patients lacking ITMS reached values above EDSS 3. When patients with benign MS were analyzed, 82% lacked ITMS. All patients with a nonbenign MS had ITMS. At the end of the study, the mean EDSS score was 4.64 in patients with ITMS and 1.31 in those without. The presence of oligoclonal IgM bands in cerebrospinal fluid is an unfavorable prognostic marker in MS.
Dimerization of Soluble HLA-G by IgG-Fc Fragment Augments ILT2-Mediated Inhibition of T-Cell Alloresponse (2009)

Background. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G, a nonclassical HLA class I molecule, induces a wide range of tolerogenic immunological effects by means of interaction with its inhibitory receptors. However, recent studies show that HLA-G dimer formation is essential to bind to its receptors and exhibit its effects. Methods. In this study, a soluble divalent HLA-G/IgG molecule (sHLA-G dimer) was constructed. Its inhibitory effect on T-cell alloresponse was studied with mixed lymphocyte reaction in vitro, which was set up by mixing inactivated T1 cells with HLA-mismatched peripheral blood lymphocytes in the presence or absence of the sHLA-G dimer. Results. The results show that sHLA-G dimer inhibits T-cell alloresponse by reducing proliferation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and suppressing generation of alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes at nanomole concentration. The inhibition of the sHLA-G dimer is observed to be more effective than that of sHLA-G monomer. Our results also indicate that sHLA-G dimer up-regulates inhibitory receptor ILT2 on alloreactive CD8+ T cells, which contributes to the significant inhibition on T-cell alloresponse. Conclusion. The sHLA-G dimer formed by IgG-Fc fragment shows more inhibitory effects on alloreactive T cells, which may have implications for allotransplantation.
THE DIAGNOSTIC PLUMAGE CHARACTERS OF THE REDHEADED BABBLERS STACHYRIS-RUFICEPS AND STACHYRIS-RUFIFRONS (1984)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Structural Analysis of Selected Failures Caused by the 27 February 2010 Chile Tsunami (2012)

Following the 2010 Chile earthquake and tsunami, the authors participated in the EERI reconnaissance team that traveled to Chile to document damage and structural performance. The authors focused on tsunami damage following the earthquake. A summary of tsunami damage to structures is given. Based on a series of well‐defined structural element failures at sites where inundation depth was measured, the team was able to evaluate the hydrodynamic loading required to cause these failures and derive estimated lower bound flow velocity overland during the event. It was estimated that the velocity exceeded 3.2 m/s in Talcahuano harbor and 4.3 m/s in the coastal town of Dichato. When found in proximity to damaged buildings and other larger structures of interest, these simple structures can serve as “flow surrogate instruments” to estimate the local flow velocity. Failure analysis of these simple structures indicated that the hydrodynamic loading estimates provided by FEMA P646 may be unconservative.
Interviews on AI and Education: John Anderson and Clotilde Pontecorvo (1992)

Dr. Anderson is Professor of Psychology at Carnegie-Mellon University. His research is centered on ACT*, a production system capable of simulating intelligent behaviour and on the development of Intelligent Tutoring Systems. We meet John Anderson in
Adjusting forward error correction with quality scaling for streaming MPEG (2005)

Packet loss can severely impact streaming video quality. Repair techniques protect streaming video from packet loss but at the price of a reduced effective transmission rate when streaming a flow in a capacity constrained situation. This paper proposes an algorithm that optimizes the choice of Forward Error Correction (FEC) to repair packet loss for streaming MPEG videos under a capacity constraint with quality scaling. An analytic model is developed to estimate the video quality of streaming MPEG given a quality scaling level and a specific FEC strength. Given network conditions in terms of packet loss rate, the model searches the total variable space to find the combination of FEC and scaling that yields the optimal quality under the capacity constraint. Analysis over a range of network conditions indicates that adjusting FEC with quality scaling provides significant performance improvement.
A Green and Straightforward Synthesis of 4′-Substituted Terpyridines (2006)

Corrected by: A Green and Straightforward Synthesis of 4′-Substituted TerpyridinesSynthesis 2007; 2007(04): 0642-0642DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-965903
Fast and efficient searches for effective optimization-phase sequences (2005)

It has long been known that a fixed ordering of optimization phases will not produce the best code for every application. One approach for addressing this phase-ordering problem is to use an evolutionary algorithm to search for a specific sequence of phases for each module or function. While such searches have been shown to produce more efficient code, the approach can be extremely slow because the application is compiled and possibly executed to evaluate each sequence's effectiveness. Consequently, evolutionary or iterative compilation schemes have been promoted for compilation systems targeting embedded applications where meeting strict constraints on execution time, code size, and power consumption is paramount and longer compilation times may be tolerated in the final stage of development, when an application is compiled one last time and embedded in a product. Unfortunately, even for small embedded applications, the search process can take many hours or even days making the approach less attractive to developers. In this paper, we describe two complementary general approaches for achieving faster searches for effective optimization sequences when using a genetic algorithm. The first approach reduces the search time by avoiding unnecessary executions of the application when possible. Results indicate search time reductions of 62%, on average, often reducing searches from hours to minutes. The second approach modifies the search so fewer generations are required to achieve the same results. Measurements show this approach decreases the average number of required generations by 59%. These improvements have the potential for making evolutionary compilation a viable choice for tuning embedded applications.
Clinical Outcomes Following Manual Physical Therapy and Exercise for Hip Osteoarthritis: A Case Series (2006)

All patients exhibited reductions in pain and increases in passive range of motion, as well as a clinically meaningful improvement in function. Although we can not infer a cause and effect relationship from a case series, the outcomes with these patients are similar to others reported in the literature that have demonstrated superior clinical outcomes associated with manual physical therapy and exercise for hip osteoarthritis compared to exercise alone.
Comparison of cytotoxicity and wound healing effect of carboxymethylcellulose and hyaluronic acid on human corneal epithelial cells. (2015)

CMC and HA, used in artificial tear formulation, could be utilized without any significant toxic effect on HCECs. Both significantly stimulated HCEC reepithelialization of corneal wounds.
Barrier Polymers and Structures: Overview (1990)

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the papers presented at the symposium on Barrier Polymers and Barrier Structures that was sponsored by the Polymer Chemistry Division of the American Chemical Society at the Spring 1989 meeting. A total of nineteen papers from the symposium are included in this volume. Topics covered include barrier transport fundamentals, advanced composite structures, reactive surface treatments and the effects of orientation on barrier properties. Relationships between polymer molecular structure and barrier efficacy are also treated in detail. Time and history dependent phenomena associated with retorting of barrier laminates are discussed from the standpoint of theoretical modeling and experimental characterization of the barrier layers. The effects of concentration dependent diffusion, flavor scalping and nonFickian transport phenomena are also discussed. The coverage, therefore, is broad while providing sufficient depth to provide a state-of-the-art update on the major technical issues facing the barrier packaging field.
Introduction of bis-discotic and bis-calamitic mesogenic addends to C 60 (2002)

The synthesis and characterization of four C-60 Bingel cyclopropanation adducts incorporating bis-biphenylene (three adducts) and bis-triphenylene (one adduct) moieties are described. The thermal analysis (POM and DSC) of these materials reveals that they are not liquid crystalline. However, two of the precursor bis-biphenylene malonate esters possess monotropic mesophases. Furthermore, each of the corresponding C-60 adducts is miscible in the melts of the precursor malonate ester, and at low dopings, retains the liquid crystalline monotropic mesophases of the precursor.
Requirements of defined cultivation conditions for standard growth of "Leishmania" promastigotes in vitro (1988)

The growth characteristics of L. chagasi (MHOM/BR/79/LI01) and L. braziliensis (MHOM/BR/72/1670), the causative agents of visceral and muco-cutaneous leishmaniases, respectively, were compared. Inoculum size clearly influences the growth course of both Leishmania species, whatever the culture medium used (serum-supplemented media: GLSH or RPMI, and a chemically defined medium: LITR9). Cultures initiated with low concentrations failed to promote cell growth, while typical growth curves were obtained when higher promastigote inocula were used. For all the species tested, the higher the initial density of flagellates in the medium, the shorter were the periods covered by the latent and particularly by the logarithmic growth phases. In contrast, using constant inocula, variations in the volume of the incubation medium did not change the time-course of the different culture phases of either Leishmania species, provided that the ratio of incubation medium to total flask volume was comparable. Only cell division time significantly increased with the culture volume. We also determined whether or not the growth characteristics of the promastigotes of L. chagasi or L. braziliensis could be generalized to other members of the genus. Our results show that, whatever the culture medium used, L. infantum behaves in the same way as does L. chagasi, whereas L. panamensis, L. guyanensis, L. mexicana and L. amazonensis display growth patterns similar to that of L. braziliensis.
Plasma medicine: an introductory review (2009)

This article was published in the journal, New Journal of Physics, [© IOP Publishing Ltd and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft] and is also available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/11/11/115012
Relay Feedback Methods (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Conventional Relay Feedback Methods Relay Feedback Method to Reject Static Disturbances Relay Feedback Method under Nonlinearity and Static Disturbances Relay Feedback Method for a Large Range of Operation Problems References
The cortical neuritic pathology of Huntington's disease (1995)

We have studied the brains of 10 patients with clinically and pathologically defined Huntington's disease and graded the degree of striatal pathology according to the Vonsattel grading system. Sections from nine cerebral cortical areas (Brodmann areas 8, 10, 24, 33, 28, 38, 7, 39, 18), the cerebellum, hypothalamus, medulla and caudate nucleus were stained with antibodies to ubiquitin and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase (PGP 9.5). Dystrophic neurites, immunoreactive with ubiquitin and PGP 9.5 were detected in all cortical areas, in layers 3, 5 and 6, of all brains studied. No dystrophic neurites were found in subcortical areas or cerebellum. Sections from cortical areas 8 and 24 from the two brains with the most and least ubiquitin-immunoreactive neurites were stained with antibodies to beta-amyloid precursor protein, tau, glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilament protein, alpha B crystallin, GABA, cholecystokinin and somatostatin. The dystrophic neurites were found to also react with beta-amyloid precursor protein. Electron microscopy showed the abnormal neurites to contain granulofilamentous material. Granular deposits with a diameter of 40-100 nm were interspersed between randomly orientated 'fuzzy' or coated, straight or slightly curved filaments measuring 10-15 nm in diameter. These structures have not been seen in control brain and differ from age-related neuritic degeneration and neurites associated with amyloid. Immunohistochemically these structures most resemble CA 2/3 neurites seen in Lewy body disease, and, ultrastructurally, the intraneuronal filamentous inclusions in motor neuron disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Walkie-Talkie: An Effective and Efficient Defense against Website Fingerprinting (2015)

Website fingerprinting is a traffic analysis attack that allows an eavesdropper to determine the web activity of a client, even if the client is using privacy technologies such as proxies, VPNs, or Tor. Effective defenses against website fingerprinting hamper user experience due to their large bandwidth overhead and time overhead, requiring more than a half minute to load a page on average. In this work we propose a new defense against website fingerprinting, Walkie-Talkie, with a small overhead that can confuse even a perfectly classifying attacker. Walkie-Talkie modifies the browser to communicate in half-duplex mode rather than the usual full-duplex mode, thus restricting the feature set available to the attacker. We then add random padding to further confuse the attacker. With Walkie-Talkie, at a bandwidth overhead of 32% and time overhead of 9%, the perfect attacker’s false positive rate exceeds 5%; at a bandwidth overhead of 55%, the perfect attacker’s false positive rate exceeds 10%. Our defense therefore allows webbrowsing clients to defend their privacy against website fingerprinting both effectively and efficiently.
Insertional Inactivation of<i>pac</i>and<i>rmlB</i>Genes Reduces the Release of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, Interleukin-6, and Interleukin-8 Induced by<i>Streptococcus mutans</i>in Monocytic, Dental Pulp, and Periodontal Ligament Cells (2003)

Streptococcus mutans possesses different cell wall molecules, such as protein of the I/II family, the serotype f polysaccharide rhamnose glucose polymer (RGP), and lipoteichoic acid (LTA), which act as adhesins and modulins, allowing S. mutans to colonize teeth and cause dental caries and pulpitis. We tested several isogenic mutants of S. mutans defective in protein I/II and/or RGP, as well as purified modulins such as protein I/II, RGP, and LTA, for their binding and activation abilities on monocytic, dental pulp (DP), and periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. Our results demonstrate that both protein I/II and RGP play important roles in streptococcal adherence to human monocytic and fibroblastic cells, whereas LTA is only a minor adhesin. In the activation process, the cytokine response elicited is polarized toward a Th1 response which seems principally due to protein I/II and RGP. Even if protein I/II seems to be more efficient in its purified form in triggering cells to release interleukin-8 (IL-8), RGP is the most efficient cytokine-stimulating component in intact bacteria, while LTA plays only a minor role. In cell activation, we showed, by using either cytochalasin D or coated ligands, that internalization of either S. mutans, S. mutans isogenic mutants, or purified ligands is not necessary to trigger cells to release IL-8. We also showed that, besides the implication of monocytes in pulpal inflammation, fibroblast-like cells such as DP and PDL cells are also actively implicated in local inflammation and in the generation of a Th1 response after stimulation with S. mutans cells or antigens.
Emotive captioning (2007)

Television and film have become important equalization mechanisms for the dissemination and distribution of cultural materials. Closed captioning has allowed people who are deaf and hard of hearing to be included as audience members. However, some of the audio information such as music, sound effects, and speech prosody are not generally provided for in captioning. To include some of this information in closed captions, we generated graphical representations of the emotive information that is normally represented with nondialog sound. Eleven deaf and hard of hearing viewers watched two different video clips containing static and dynamic enhanced captions and compared them with conventional closed captions of the same clips. These viewers then provided verbal and written feedback regarding positive and negative aspects of the various captions. We found that hard of hearing viewers were significantly more positive about this style of captioning than deaf viewers and that some viewers believed that these augmentations were useful and enhanced their viewing experience.
Joint wavelet compression and authentication watermarking (2002)

A blind watermarking technique embedding a digital image signature for authentication is developed. The signature algorithm is first implemented in the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) domain and is later coupled within the SPIHT compression algorithm. The capacity of the watermarking method is determined by the upper bound on the attainable information bit rate that can be hidden in the image using two methods: binary engraving and multi-bit engraving.
Realization of a 33 GHz phononic crystal fabricated in a freestanding membrane (2011)

Phononic crystals (PnCs) are man-made structures with periodically varying material properties such as density, ρ, and elastic modulus, E. Periodic variations of the material properties with nanoscale characteristic dimensions yield PnCs that operate at frequencies above 10 GHz, allowing for the manipulation of thermal properties. In this article, a 2D simple cubic lattice PnC operating at 33 GHz is reported. The PnC is created by nanofabrication with a focused ion beam. A freestanding membrane of silicon is ion milled to create a simple cubic array of 32 nm diameter holes that are subsequently backfilled with tungsten to create inclusions at a spacing of 100 nm. Simulations are used to predict the operating frequency of the PnC. Additional modeling shows that milling a freestanding membrane has a unique characteristic; the exit via has a conical shape, or trumpet-like appearance.
<title>SAR feature representation and matching using the probablistic distance transform</title> (2000)

In this paper we present a method of fusing evidence of targets in an observed SAR image. We have selected three simple feature types to perform these initial experiments. Fusion is performed by straightforward addition of log likelihoods over feature match types. In all cases among the three feature types tested it is observed that the probability of identification improves as feature types are added. The method of recognition is based on the probabilistic distance transform (PDT). This approach derives from traditional distance transform (DT) methods of matching target predictions (based either on training or model based predictions) to observed features. The PDT method retains the basic DT matching structure, including the advantages of fast processing and non-unique correspondences between predicted and observed features, while interpreting 'distance' in terms of spatial probability densities of predicted and observed features. The PDT matching approach then results in a statistic that can be treated as a likelihood of match between an observed set of features and a predicted target signature.
Vaccines in the treatment of invasive candidiasis (2015)

Candida albicans is the most common cause of hematogenously disseminated candidiasis, and this disease is particularly prevalent in immunocompromised patients. The mortality of invasive candidiasis remains 40% to 50% even with the proper treatment with current antifungal drugs. Recently, with the better understanding of host-fungus interactions, notable progress has been made in antifungal vaccine research. Most antifungal vaccines exert protection by inducing either (or both) B-cell and T-cell responses. Here we summarize the current available information on C. albicans vaccines, highlight the obstacles that researchers identified, and offer several suggestions.
Modelling of nutrient partitioning in growing pigs to predict their anatomical body composition. 2. Model evaluation (2004)

The objective of the present paper was to evaluate a dynamic mechanistic model for growing and fattening pigs presented in a companion paper. The model predicted the rate of protein and fat deposition (chemical composition), rate of tissue deposition (anatomical composition) and performance of pigs depending on nutrient intake. In the model evaluation, the predicted response of the pig to changes in model parameters and to changes in nutrient intakes is presented. As a result of the sensitivity analysis, changes in the maintenance energy requirements and the fractional degradation rate of muscle protein had the greatest impact on tissue deposition rates. The model was also highly sensitive to changes in the maximum velocity and steepness parameter of the lysine utilisation for muscle protein synthesis. The model was further tested by independent published results. The model successfully predicted the response of pigs to a wide range of variation in nutrient composition. Consequently, the model can be applied to develop feeding strategies to optimise pig production. It also enables prediction of the slaughter performance and the meat quality.
Monodisperse Antimony Nanocrystals for High-Rate Li-ion and Na-ion Battery Anodes: Nano versus Bulk (2014)

We report colloidal synthesis of antimony (Sb) nanocrystals with mean size tunable in the 10-20 nm range and with narrow size distributions of 7-11%. In comparison to microcrystalline Sb, 10 and 20 nm Sb nanocrystals exhibit enhanced rate-capability and higher cycling stability as anode materials in rechargeable Li-ion and Na-ion batteries. All three particle sizes of Sb possess high and similar Li-ion and Na-ion charge storage capacities of 580-640 mAh g(-1) at moderate charging/discharging current densities of 0.5-1C (1C-rate is 660 mA g(-1)). At all C-rates (0.5-20C, e.g. current densities of 0.33-13.2 Ag(1-)), capacities of 20 nm Sb particles are systematically better than for both 10 nm and bulk Sb. At 20C-rates, retention of charge storage capacities by 10 and 20 nm Sb nanocrystals can reach 78-85% of the low-rate value, indicating that rate capability of Sb nanostructures can be comparable to the best Li-ion intercalation anodes and is so far unprecedented for Na-ion storage.