gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cholesteryl esters as a depot for very long chain fatty acids in human meibum (2008)

Human meibomian gland secretions (also known as meibum) were analyzed for the presence of cholesteryl esters (Chl-E) using HPLC in combination with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. A special procedure based on detection of the in-source generated ion m/z 369 was developed to monitor all Chl-E simultaneously. The structures of the detected compounds were studied using in-source and postsource fragmentation of the precursor (M+H)(+) ions. In concordance with previous studies, Chl-E were found in all of the tested samples and comprised approximately 31% of the entire lipid pool (w/w, dry weight). There were at least 20 different saturated and unsaturated Chl-E species observed, whose fatty acid residues ranged from C18 to C34. Monounsaturated fatty acids were the most visible components of the Chl-E pool. The eleven most prominent compounds were: C20:0-, C22:1-, C22:0-, C24:1-, C24:0, C25:0-, C26:1-, C26:0-, C28:1-, C28:0-, and C30:1-Chl-E. Other Chl-containing compounds were detected but not identified at the time. Therefore, Chl-E are a depot for very long chain saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in human meibum.
The Chemical Uncoupler 2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP) Protects against Diet-induced Obesity and Improves Energy Homeostasis in Mice at Thermoneutrality (2014)

The chemical uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) was an effective and widely used weight loss drug in the early 1930s. However, the physiology of DNP has not been studied in detail because toxicity, including hyperthermia and death, reduced interest in the clinical use of chemical uncouplers. To investigate DNP action, mice fed a high fat diet and housed at 30 °C (to minimize facultative thermogenesis) were treated with 800 mg/liter DNP in drinking water. DNP treatment increased energy expenditure by ∼ 17%, but did not change food intake. DNP-treated mice weighed 26% less than controls after 2 months of treatment due to decreased fat mass, without a change in lean mass. DNP improved glucose tolerance and reduced hepatic steatosis without observed toxicity. DNP treatment also reduced circulating T3 and T4 levels, Ucp1 expression, and brown adipose tissue activity, demonstrating that DNP-mediated heat generation substituted for brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. At 22 °C, a typical vivarium temperature that is below thermoneutrality, DNP treatment had no effect on body weight, adiposity, or glucose homeostasis. Thus, environmental temperature should be considered when assessing an anti-obesity drug in mice, particularly agents acting on energy expenditure. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of DNP suggest that chemical uncouplers deserve further investigation for the treatment of obesity and its comorbidities.
Centimeter- and Millimeter-Wave Thermography — A Survey on Tumor Detection<sup>*</sup> (1979)

Thermography at centimeter and millimeter wavelengths can measure subsurface temperatures of the human body. Radiative and bio-heat transfer influence the wavelength dependent subcutaneous temperature and spatial resolution. Recent clinical results in treatment monitoring of arthritis, detection of tumors in the neck and brain area, and breast cancer are reviewed.
Piezoelectric energy harvesting from traffic-induced bridge vibrations (2013)

This paper focuses on energy harvesting from traffic-induced vibrations in bridges. Using a pre-stressed concrete highway bridge as a case study, in situ vibration measurements are presented and analysed. From these results, a prototype of a cantilever piezoelectric harvester is designed, tested and modelled. Even though the considered bridge vibrations are characterized by small amplitude and a low frequency (i.e. below 15 Hz), it is shown that mean power of the order of 0.03 mW can be produced, with a controlled voltage between 1.8 and 3.6 V. A simple model is proposed for theoretical prediction of the delivered power in terms of traffic intensity. This model shows good agreement with the experimental results and leads to a simple but effective design rule for piezoelectric harvesters to be used on bridges.
Wax precipitation from North Sea crude oils: 1. Crystallization and dissolution temperatures, and Newtonian and non-Newtonian flow properties. [Erratum to document cited in CA115(22):235975d] (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleWax precipitation from North Sea crude oils: 1. Crystallization and dissolution temperatures, and Newtonian and non-Newtonian flow properties. [Erratum to document cited in CA115(22):235975d]Hans Petter Roenningsen, Brit Bjoerndal, Asger Baltzer Hansen, and Walther Batsberg PedersenCite this: Energy Fuels 1992, 6, 6, 870Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00036a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00036a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views112Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
GaNb<sub>11</sub>O<sub>29</sub> Nanowebs as High-Performance Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2017)

M–Nb–O compounds have been considered as promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of their high capacities, safety, and cyclic stability. However, very limited M–Nb–O anode materials have been developed thus far. Herein, GaNb11O29 with a shear ReO3 crystal structure and a high theoretical capacity of 379 mAh g–1 is intensively explored as a new member in the M–Nb–O family. GaNb11O29 nanowebs (GaNb11O29-N) are synthesized based on a facile single-spinneret electrospinning technique for the first time and are constructed by interconnected GaNb11O29 nanowires with an average diameter of ∼250 nm and a large specific surface area of 10.26 m2 g–1. This intriguing architecture affords good structural stability, restricted self-aggregation, a large electrochemical reaction area, and fast electron/Li+-ion transport, leading to a significant pseudocapacitive behavior and outstanding electrochemical properties of GaNb11O29–N. At 0.1 C, it shows a high specific capacity (264 mAh g–1) with a safe working potential (1.69 V vs Li/Li+) and the highest first-cycle Coulombic efficiency in all of the known M–Nb–O anode materials (96.5%). At 10 C, it exhibits a superior rate capability (a high capacity of 175 mAh g–1) and a durable cyclic stability (a high capacity retention of 87.4% after 1000 cycles). These impressive results indicate that GaNb11O29-N is a high-performance anode material for LIBs.
A 512 × 320 element silicon imaging device (1975)

CHARGE-COUPLED DEVICE (CCD) technology has been used to fabricate a high-resolution, low-blooming, 512 x 320 element silicon image device that generates standard 525-line TV pictures. The choice of this cell count has been described previously1. The device uses a unique single-layer doped polysilicon gate structure. This structure maintains the basic simplicity of the original single-layer devices (self alignment of gates, no steps in gate structure causing opens, and single mask level for all CCD gates), but avoids the gap charging problem. The individual gates are formed by doping Nt regions in a P-layer of polysilicon on top of the channel oxide. This results in low leakage between gates. Since there are no exposed gaps, a stable sealed channel structure results. The polysilicon layer is transparent to most wavelengths and there are no opaque areas to cause aliasing. Aluminum is used for a low resistance, double-ended gate-bus connection and to supply bonding pads.
Copper(i) complexes of 6,6′-disubstituted 2,2′-bipyridine dicarboxylic acids: new complexes for incorporation into copper-based dye sensitized solar cells (DSCs) (2009)

Synthetic approaches to 6,6'-disubstituted-2,2'-bipyridine ligands bearing carboxylic acid substituents at the 4,4' or 5,5'-positions are described. Copper(I) complexes with these ligands have been prepared for use in copper-based dye-sensitized solar cells. The single-crystal structures of 6,6'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid (H(2)4), [H(3)6][CF3CO2].2CF3CO2H (H(2)6 = 6,6'-diphenyl-2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid) and 4[Cu(H(2)2)(H2)].3H2O (H(2)2 = 6,6'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-dicarboxylic acid) are described, as well as those of the intermediates (1E,5E)-1,6-di(2-furyl)hexa-1,5-diene-3,4-dione and 4,4'-di(2-furyl)-6,6'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (3), and the copper(I) complex [Cu(3)(2)][PF6]. The roles that classical and non-classical hydrogen bonding and pi-stacking interactions play in determining the solid-state packing in these structures are discussed. Preliminary studies of DSCs with these complexes are reported.
Path planning using 3D Dubins Curve for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (2014)

We present a path planning algorithm based on 3D Dubins Curves [1] for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to avoid both static and moving obstacles. A variation of Rapidly-exploring Random Tree (RRT) [2] is used as the planner. In tree expansion, branches of the tree are generated by propagating along 3D Dubins Curves. The node sequence of shortest length together with Dubins curves connecting them is selected as the path. When the UAV executes the path, the path is checked for collision with updated obstacles' states. A new path is generated if the previous one is predicted to collide with obstacles. Such checking and replanning loop repeats until the UAV reaches the goal. The algorithm was validated through flight experiments using a small quadrotor UAV. In total, 6 flights to avoid static obstacles, 24 flights to avoid virtual moving obstacles and 20 flights to avoid real moving obstacles were performed. The efficacy of the algorithm was tested in office conditions and a parking structure. In all the situations our algorithm was able to reliably plan paths in real time and command the UAV to avoid obstacles.
Improved DOP-PCR (iDOP-PCR): A robust and simple WGA method for efficient amplification of low copy number genomic DNA (2017)

Whole-genome amplification (WGA) techniques are used for non-specific amplification of low-copy number DNA, and especially for single-cell genome and transcriptome amplification. There are a number of WGA methods that have been developed over the years. One example is degenerate oligonucleotide-primed PCR (DOP-PCR), which is a very simple, fast and inexpensive WGA technique. Although DOP-PCR has been regarded as one of the pioneering methods for WGA, it only provides low genome coverage and a high allele dropout rate when compared to more modern techniques. Here we describe an improved DOP-PCR (iDOP-PCR). We have modified the classic DOP-PCR by using a new thermostable DNA polymerase (SD polymerase) with a strong strand-displacement activity and by adjustments in primers design. We compared iDOP-PCR, classic DOP-PCR and the well-established PicoPlex technique for whole genome amplification of both high- and low-copy number human genomic DNA. The amplified DNA libraries were evaluated by analysis of short tandem repeat genotypes and NGS data. In summary, iDOP-PCR provided a better quality of the amplified DNA libraries compared to the other WGA methods tested, especially when low amounts of genomic DNA were used as an input material.
Computer storage and retrieval of generic chemical structures in patents. 5. Algorithmic generation of fragment descriptors for generic structure screening (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComputer storage and retrieval of generic chemical structures in patents. 5. Algorithmic generation of fragment descriptors for generic structure screeningStephen M. Welford, Michael F. Lynch, and John M. BarnardCite this: J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1984, 24, 2, 57–66Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ci00042a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ci00042a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views35Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A 100-fps fluorescence lifetime imager in standard 0.13-µm CMOS (2013)

A wide-field fluorescence lifetime imager capable of up to 100 frames per second (fps) is presented. The imager consists of a 64-by-64 array of low-noise single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) in a standard 0.13-μm CMOS process, 4096 time-to-digital converters, and an application specific data path to enable continuous image acquisition at a total output data rate of 42 Gbps. These features combine to enable new lifetime-based diagnostic imaging.
Selective .gamma. alkylation of copper enolates derived from .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated acids: factors affecting scope and regio- and stereoselectivity (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective .gamma. alkylation of copper enolates derived from .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated acids: factors affecting scope and regio- and stereoselectivityPatricia M. Savu and John A. KatzenellenbogenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 2, 239–250Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00315a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00315a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1074Altmetric-Citations75LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
IgG subclasses responsible for immune clearance in mice infected with <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> (1989)

To examine the role of different immunoglobulin subclasses in the immune clearance of Trypanosoma cruzi, mice containing bloodstream trypomastigotes were injected intravenously with immune serum, IgG-depleted serum, or with the IgG1 or IgG2 fractions and the rate of removal of the parasites from circulation was determined. Using IgG concentrations similar to those found in the immune serum, the rate of clearance mediated by IgG2 was six-fold higher than that obtained with IgG1. This difference did not appear to be due to differences in antibody specificity, as Western blotting showed that each isotype recognized a similar set of antigens extracted from the parasite. However, the T. cruzi specific antibody content of the IgG2 was approximately five-fold higher than IgG1. When the dose of IgG was adjusted to equalize the antibody content, the clearance ability of the IgG1 and IgG2 was very similar. It is concluded that the two subclasses have a similar clearance ability.
A new approach to fabricating high density nanoarrays by nanocontact printing (2008)

We introduce a new scheme of nanocontact printing that fabricates nanoarrays using stamps generated by ultraviolet nanoimprint lithography. Array patterns can be generated by this printing technique in a high-density (number of features per unit area) fashion with a feature size as low as 30 nm and period of 100 nm. Sub-500 nm alignment accuracy for multilayer printing has been obtained using a traditional contact mask aligner. We also demonstrate that we can image a nanoarray labeled by streptavidin by atomic force microscope (AFM).
12.5-GHz-spaced super-dense WDM ring network handling 256 wavelengths with tapped-type OADMs (2002)

We demonstrated a two-fiber WDM ring network that handles 12.5-GHz-spaced 256 wavelengths using a tapped-type optical add drop multiplexer (OADM) consisting of small-scale 12.5-GHz-spaced arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs) and BPFs. The feasibility of the network employing the prototype OCSM was shown by transmission experiments.
High-power broad-band superluminescent diode with low spectral modulation at 1.5-/spl mu/m wavelength (2000)

A 1.5-μm wavelength superluminescent light source operating at a heat sink temperature of 13/spl deg/C with the following properties was realized: 20-mW continuous wave output power, 130-nm spectral bandwidth, and 0.2-dB spectral modulation. This light source consists of an angled facet single-mode waveguide with a rear absorption region. These results were obtained by optimizing the epitaxial design, the waveguide design, and the device mounting.
Estimation of interval anisotropic attenuation from reflection data (2009)

Abstract Knowledge of interval attenuation can be highly beneficial in reservoir characterization and lithology discrimination. We combine the spectral-ratio method with velocity-independent layer stripping to develop a technique for the estimation of the interval attenuation coefficient from reflection seismic data. The layer-stripping procedure is based on identifying the reflections from the top and bottom of the target layer that share the same ray segments in the overburden. The algorithm is designed for heterogeneous, arbitrarily anisotropic target layers, but the overburden is assumed to be laterally homogeneous with a horizontal symmetry plane. Although no velocity information about the overburden is needed, interpretation of the computed anisotropic attenuation coefficient involves the phase angle in the target layer. Tests on synthetic P-wave data from layered transversely isotropic and orthorhombic media confirm the high accuracy of 2D and 3D versions of the algorithm. We also demonstrate that the interval attenuation estimates are independent of the inhomogeneity angle of the incident and reflected waves.
Fetal fibronectin as a predictor of preterm birth (2000)

Preterm delivery remains the leading cause of perinatal mortality and occurs in approximately 7-9% of pregnancies. The main problem for the obstetrician is the inability to detect women at risk from this complication. The presence of fetal fibronectin (fFN) in cervicovaginal secretions has been proposed as a specific predictor of preterm delivery. Immunohistochemical studies suggest that fFN is present in the extracellular matrix of the decidua basalis next to the intervillus space. It has been studied intensively in symptomatic patients and has a positive predictive value of 43-79%. It has also a negative predictive value of 99.7% for birth within 7 days and 93% for delivery before 37 weeks. Similarly, in high-risk asymptomatic women, it has been proved a useful screening tool for the prediction of preterm delivery, yielding a sensitivity of 43-92%, a specificity of 52-93%, a positive predictive value of 43-85% and a negative predictive value of 86-99%. In low-risk asymptomatic women, fFN has a sensitivity of 63-73%, a specificity of 80-98%, a positive predictive value of 13-36% and a negative predictive value of 95-97%. In women presenting with preterm contractions, a negative test may make one withhold potentially dangerous tocolytic therapy. In asymptomatic women this test can identify patients who have a very high risk for early delivery. Women identified as being high-risk can be offered steroid injections in order to improve lung maturity in preterm babies. Additionally, they can be counselled about the signs and symptoms of preterm labour, so that they can seek medical advice before labour is actually established. However, extensive research is still needed, as no clear benefit in preventing preterm birth using this test, has been shown so far.
Optimization of Morphology of Polyimide–Silica Hybrids in the Production of Matrices for Carbon Fibre Composites (2001)

Hybrids of polyimide and silica have been produced from solutions via the sol–gel process. Compatibilization of the organic phase, originating from a polyamic acid and the inorganic phase, based on alkoxysilane solutions of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), was achieved through the use of an epoxy-functional trialkoxysilane coupling agent, γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GOTMS). The use of GOTMS brings about the intimate inter-dispersion of the two phases, which results in the formation of nano-sized co-continuous domains. The materials were evaluated by a variety of techniques, including differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, electron microscopy and dynamic mechanical tests. The gelation characteristics of the precursor solutions, the mechanical and thermal properties of the resulting hybrids as matrices for carbon fibre composites were used as parameters to assess the compatibilization efficiency. The results show notable improvements in the thermal stability and mechanical properties of hybrids over those of the base polymer. Above the optimum concentration of the coupling agent, however, properties were found to deteriorate owing to a diluting effect by the aliphatic component in its structure, as well as to the reduction in the degree of imidization of the polymeric component.