gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tumoricidal effector mechanisms of murine Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-activated macrophages: mediation of cytolysis, mitochondrial respiration inhibition, and release of intracellular iron by distinct mechanisms. (1987)

Murine Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-activated macrophages mediate discrete cytotoxic effects in cocultured tumor target cells in vitro. These effects include: the loss of intracellular iron, in part associated with reversible inhibition of the Kreb's cycle enzyme, aconitase; cytostasis, associated with reversible lesions inflicted in the electron transport chain (ETC) of the mitochondria resulting in reversible loss of proliferative capacity; and cytolysis, manifested by eventual gross perturbation of the integrity of the plasma membrane. We demonstrate that these manifestations of cytotoxicity are the result of three independent mechanisms employing apparently distinct macromolecules for their commission. Analysis of target cells that are highly susceptible (L-929), highly resistant (L-1210), or have incomplete resistance (EMT-6) to the cytolytic effects of cocultured activated macrophages indicates that there is no consistent relationship between the release of intracellular 59Fe and 51Cr. Thus, perturbation of intracellular iron pools did not appear to be an obligatory step on the pathway to cytolysis. Further evidence for this dissociation was obtained by employing a specific heteroantiserum reactive with cytolytic molecule(s). This antiserum could block the cytolytic response (51Cr release of cocultured L-929 and EMT-6 targets) but had no effect on the extent of iron release from viable EMT-6 or L-1210 targets. Furthermore, the cytolytic factor itself was incapable of mediating effects on the ETC or in causing release of intracellular iron. Two lines of evidence suggested that effects on the ETC are not linked with loss of intracellular iron. First, the monokine respiration inhibitory factor was incapable of causing release of intracellular iron from target cells in which the mitochondria were strongly suppressed. Second, the kinetics of release of respiration inhibitory factor from endotoxin-triggered Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-activated macrophages indicate a retarded appearance compared to the time at which a factor mediating release of intracellular iron was detectable. Our results strongly suggest that these three distinct cytotoxic reactions are under differential control by the effector cell.
A language for construction of belief networks (1993)

A method for incrementally constructing belief networks, which are directed acyclic graph representations for probability distributions, is described. A network-construction language, FRAIL3, which is similar to a forward-chaining language using data dependencies but has additional features for specifying distributions, was developed. A particularly important feature of this language is that is allows the user to conveniently specify conditional probability matrices using stereotyped models of intercausal interaction. Using FRAIL3, one can define parmeterized classes of probabilistic models. These parameterized models make it possible to apply probabilistic reasoning to problems for which it is impractical to have a single large, static model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Outlier Detection in the Framework of Dimensionality Reduction (2015)

We propose an effective outlier detection algorithm for high-dimensional data. We consider manifold models of data as is typically assumed in dimensionality reduction/manifold learning. Namely, we consider a noisy data set sampled from a low-dimensional manifold in a high-dimensional data space. Our algorithm uses local geometric structure to determine inliers, from which the outliers are identified. The algorithm is applicable to both linear and nonlinear models of data. We also discuss various implementation issues and we present several examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new approach.
Progression of coronary endothelial dysfunction in man and its potential clinical significance (1991)

Endothelial injury represents an important factor in the initiation of atherosclerosis and is associated with abnormal vasomotor responses (= dysfunctional endothelium) to a variety of stimuli. Therefore, the evaluation of endothelial function may provide a means to detect early vascular alteration preceding overt atherosclerotic lesions. To test this clinically important hypothesis, we studied the coronary vasomotor responses to three different endothelium-dependent stimuli in patients with different early stages of coronary artery disease: first, increasing doses of intracoronary infusion of acetylcholine (ACH) (10(-8), 10(-7), 10(-6) M); second, transient increases in coronary flow causing flow-dependent dilation by injection of papaverine into the midportion of the left descending artery (exposing the proximal segment of this vessel to increased flow, but not to papaverine); and third, sympathetic stimulation by cold pressor test. Coronary diameters were assessed by repeated coronary angiography and quantitative angiography, blood flow velocity (and subsequent calculation of blood flow) was obtained by intracoronary Doppler. In normal individuals, all three stimuli elicited epicardial artery dilation. In patients with smooth coronary arteries, but hypercholesterolemia, a substantial vasoconstriction was observed in response to ACH, whereas the response to cold pressor test and increases in flow was normal, that is, vasodilation occurred. In patients with angiographically visible atherosclerosis, acetylcholine and cold pressor test exerted coronary vasoconstriction. Moreover, flow-dependent, endothelium-mediated dilation was attenuated in those patients demonstrating visible luminal irregularities in the vessel under study. In patients with hypercholesterolemia, substantial endothelial dysfunction (as assessed by attenuated blood-flow increase in response to acetylcholine) was demonstrated in the coronary microcirculation. Thus, progression of endothelial dysfunction occurs during the early course of development of coronary atherosclerosis. Utilizing quantitative coronary angiography and the intracoronary Doppler technique, these early functional alterations can be identified safely at a stage when atherosclerotic lesions are not detectable by angiography. This may be useful in designing early effective interventions which restore endothelial function and prevent the occurrence of overt atherosclerosis.
The speech-to-song illusion. (2008)

This paper reports the first formal investigation of a surprising illusion: A particular spoken phrase is made to be heard convincingly as sung rather than spoken, simply by repeating it several times over. Three groups of 18 subjects each listened to the spoken phrase repeated ten times, and they judged after each repetition whether, and how strongly, they heard the phrase as spoken or as sung. For all groups, the first and last repetitions were identical. For the first group, the intervening repetitions were also identical. For the second group, the intervening repetitions were transposed upward and downward slightly (by 2/3 semitone and 1 1/3 semitone), so that the pitches differed but the pitch relationships were preserved. For the third group, the intervening repetitions consisted of the untransposed syllables presented in jumbled orders. Comparing the first with the last repetition, a clear and highly significant transition from perceived speech to perceived song occurred when the intervening repetitions were exact, but not when the intervening repetitions were transformed. This indicates that both the exact pitches and the exact pitch contours need to be repeated for the illusion to occur. This paper is accompanied by sound demonstrations of the illusion.
Giant Pulse Laser Direct Spectrochemical Analysis of C, Si, Mn in Liquid Iron (1982)

For the purpose of the process control in continuous steelmaking, a new method of G. P. (giant pulse) laser direct spectrochemical analysis of C, Si, Mn in liquid iron has been developped. This method is characterized by coincidence of optical axis of laser and spectrometer. In this study, fundamental conditions for the analysis of C, Si, Mn, especially taking a serious view of C, has been studied. The following results have been obtained:(1) Influence of variations in the level of liquid iron surface on spectral intensities and intensity ratios has been evaluated. It has been shown that, for the purpose of minimization of these influences, intensity ratio should be used.(2) Si and Mn analysis are possible with the use of cylinder type and cone type atmosphere controlling apparatus.(3) In C analysis, it has been shown that CO gas generated in the surface of liquid iron have effects upon spectral intensity of C I 193.1nm, and these effects can be eliminated by using cone type atmosphere controlling apparatus. C analysis is possible with the use of this apparatus.
Bovine serum albumin interactions with metal complexes (2014)

The continuous search for new molecules with therapeutic abilities has led to the synthesis and characterization of a large number of metal complexes, proven to exhibit potential as pharmacological agents through their antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and antineoplastic properties. As serum albumins play a key role in drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, the study of coordination compounds affinity towards this class of proteins, as well as understanding the mechanism through which they interact is crucial. The aim of this review is to focus on the structure and biological functions of bovine serum albumin, the design of metal complexes that are able to bind to the biomolecule, as well as the experimental techniques employed in the study and evaluation of these interactions.
Determination of Pesticides in Soy-Based Infant Formula Using Liquid Chromatography with Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2006)

A sensitive method using liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) was developed and validated to quantify and confirm 13 pesticides, including aldicarb sulfoxide, aldicarb sulfone, oxamyl, methomyl, formetanate, 3-hydroxycarbofuran, carbendazim, thiabendazole, aldicarb, propoxur, carbofuran, carbaryl, and methiocarb, in soy-based infant formula. Data acquisition under MS/MS was achieved by applying multiple reaction monitoring of 2 fragment ion transitions to provide a high degree of sensitivity and selectivity for both quantitation and confirmation. Different approaches to constructing calibration curves were compared and discussed to address issues of the extraction efficiency or recovery, and matrix effects. Matrix-matched standard calibration curves with the use of isoprocarb as an internal standard were finally used to achieve the best accuracy of the method. Under most circumstances, recoveries of 13 pesticides, spiked at 5.0, 25.0, and 45.0 microg/kg, were close to 100%. The method detection limits (signal-to-noise ratio > or =3:1; microg/kg) of 13 pesticides were 0.2 for thiabendazole and methiocarb, 0.6 for aldicarb, and 0.1 for the others.
Human monoclonal antibodies to neuroendocrine granules derived from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes isolated from a primitive neuroectodermal tumor (1990)

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were isolated from a primitive neuroectodermal tumor and fused with GM4672 cells, resulting in hybrids secreting human IgM-kappa antibody, which is reactive to olfactory neuroblastoma tumor cells. Hybridoma clones 4F and 9G produce human monoclonal antibodies reactive to autologous and allogeneic neuroblastoma tumor cells and subsets of pancreatic islet cells in formalin-fixed tissues. They react specifically with dense core granules of glucagon and insulin-producing islet cells, but not with those in cells producing somatostatin. Calcitonin granules are not recognized by these antibodies. The area of localization of the granules is distinct from the component labeled by murine monoclonal antibodies to chromogranin A. The clones have remained stable in culture for over two years and continue to secrete up to 60 micrograms/mL of human IgM. This study demonstrates the possibility of directly analyzing the antibody repertoire of tumor-infiltrating B cells, and this technique may allow the development of human monoclonal antibodies to other novel cellular antigens.
Secure wireless vehicle monitoring and control (2009)

The availability of real-time CAN-ECU data and the emerging vehicular networks are critical for advanced vehicle monitoring and control. This paper presents our integrated info-security scheme, real-time hardware/software solutions and their application scenarios. The core is the Integrated Info-Security Circuit Board to communicate with ECUs and sensors inside a vehicle through CAN Bus, LIN Bus, FlexRay and MOST Bus with wire interfaces, and to communicate with other vehicles, road-side infrastructure and mobile phones with wireless interfaces. We have built the first prototype with two circuit boards which communicate directly with CAN network and process CAN messages. One circuit board is used for monitoring and control Vehicle Functions via real-time CAN messages, while another circuit board is used to monitoring and control vehicle itself to against the theft. The demonstrations in the first prototype show that our solutions work very well.
Impact of Upstream Medical Image Processing on Downstream Performance of a Head CT Triage Neural Network (2021)

A CNN was developed to triage HCT studies, which may help streamline image evaluation, and the means by which upstream image acquisition, reconstruction, and preprocessing affect downstream CNN performance was investigated, bringing focus to this important part of the imaging chain.<b>Keywords</b> Head CT, Automated Triage, Deep Learning, Sinogram, Dataset<i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i>© RSNA, 2021.
Oxidized Low Density Lipoproteins in Atherogenesis: Role of Dietary Modification (1996)

The development of atherosclerosis is a complex and multistep process. There are many determinants in the pathogenesis of this condition, with different factors presumably playing key roles at different times in the evolution of the atherosclerotic plaque. It has been suggested that oxidation of low density lipoproteins (LDL) by cells in the artery wall leads to a proatherogenic particle that may help initiate early lesion formation. For this reason, understanding the determinants of LDL susceptibility to oxidation is essential for developing therapeutic strategies to inhibit this process. Oxidation of LDL begins with the abstraction of hydrogen from polyunsaturated fatty acids; thus, LDL fatty acid composition undoubtedly contributes to the process of LDL oxidation. Since dietary fatty acids influence the fatty acid composition of LDL and cell membranes, the amount and type of fat in the diet may effect susceptibility of LDL and cells to oxidative damage. Additionally, since cell membrane fatty acid composition also influences cellular formation of reactive oxygen species, dietary fatty acids may help determine the prooxidant activity of artery wall cells. Both cells and lipoproteins contain a variety of antioxidants that provide protection against oxidative stress. A major source of these antioxidants is the diet. Enrichment of the diet with foods high in such antioxidants as vitamin E, beta-carotene, or vitamin C, or supplementation of the diet with antioxidant vitamins, may inhibit oxidation and the process of atherosclerosis.
Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer: Potential Role of Androgen and ErbB Receptor Signal Transduction Crosstalk (2003)

In prostate cancer (PC), increasing evidence suggests that androgen receptor (AR) signalling is functional under conditions of maximal androgen blockade. PC cells survive and proliferate in the altered hormonal environment possibly by interactions between growth factor-activated pathways and AR signalling. The present review article summarizes the current evidence of this crosstalk and focuses on the interactions among the ErbB receptor network, its downstream pathways, and the AR. The potential role of this crosstalk in the development of androgen independence and in relation to antiandrogen therapy is discussed. Such interactions provide insight into possible complementary or additional strategies in the management of PC.
Clustering with Outlier Removal (2018)

Cluster analysis and outlier detection are strongly coupled tasks in data mining area. Cluster structure can be easily destroyed by few outliers; on the contrary, outliers are defined by the concept of cluster, which are recognized as the points belonging to none of the clusters. Unfortunately, most existing studies do not notice the coupled relationship between these two task and handle them separately. In light of this, we consider the joint cluster analysis and outlier detection problem, and propose the Clustering with Outlier Removal (COR) algorithm. Generally speaking, the original space is transformed into the binary space via generating basic partitions in order to define clusters. Then an objective function based Holoentropy is designed to enhance the compactness of each cluster with a few outliers removed. With further analyses on the objective function, only partial of the problem can be handled by K-means optimization. To provide an integrated solution, an auxiliary binary matrix is nontrivally introduced so that COR completely and efficiently solves the challenging problem via a unified K-means-- with theoretical supports. Extensive experimental results on numerous data sets in various domains demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of COR significantly over state-of-the-art methods in terms of cluster validity and outlier detection. Some key factors in COR are further analyzed for practical use. Finally, an application on flight trajectory is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of COR in the real-world scenario.
Main Factors Determining the Slovak Tax System Performance (2016)

Abstract The main goal of this paper was to identify the main factors determining the performance of the Slovak tax system. For practical reasons, we decided to deal with all of the potentially relevant dimensions that can be included in the theme – from tax policy to tax administration. The paper is based on primary and secondary data; it combines qualitative and quantitative research methods. The primary data were collected in two rounds, with long-term research about the needs perceived by tax officials and with the “Delphi method”. The comparison of the opinions of tax officials and tax experts with the existing evidence serves as the basis for the paper’s conclusions and policy proposals. The research shows that the most important areas mentioned by tax officials and experts are relevant (to simplify tax collection, to decrease tax bureaucracy, to provide better information about the tax system to businesses and citizens and to improve tax administration services). However, the second most frequent answer by tax officials (to decrease the tax burden) is somewhat disputable – the research indicates the existence of some level of tax illusion, even at the level of tax administration professionals. The research also reveals the relatively low priority given to the need to increase the level of risk connected with tax evasion, which is surprising because the data clearly indicate a very high level of tax fraud in the country.
<title>Fourier transform profilometry for dynamic 3D shape</title> (2000)

In this paper, we propose a method for dynamic 3D shape measurement based on Fourier transform profilometry. We also study the algorithm of phase difference between two deformed fringes and 3D phase unwrapping method based on phase difference.
The Learnability of Mobile Application Interfaces Needs Improvement (2008)

devices have much potential to support older adults in their daily lives. However older adults have reported that they find mobile devices, such as existing mobile phones, difficult to learn to use. We argue that more research is needed to improve the learnability of mobile software applications for older adults. We present three different approaches for improving mobile device learnability: improving graphical icons, using multi- layered interfaces, and augmenting the mobile interface.
Cisplatin-resistant cells express increased levels of a factor that recognizes damaged DNA. (1990)

Cancer treatment with the drug cisplatin is often thwarted by the emergence of drug-resistant cells. To study this phenomenon, we identified two independent cellular factors that recognize cisplatin-damaged DNA. One of the two factors, designated XPE binding factor, is deficient in complementation group E of xeroderma pigmentosum, an inherited disease characterized by defective repair of DNA damaged by ultraviolet radiation, cisplatin, and other agents. Human tumor cell lines selected for resistance to cisplatin showed more efficient DNA repair and increased expression of XPE binding factor. These results suggest that XPE binding factor may be responsible, at least in part, for the development of cisplatin resistance in human tumors and that the mechanism may be increased DNA repair.
Increasing loyalty using predictive modeling in Business-to-Business Telecommunication (2015)

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is a key element of modern marketing strategies. One of the most practical way to build useful knowledge on customers in a CRM system to produce scores to forecast churn behavior, propensity to subscribe to a new service... In AMEA zone (Asia, Middle East and Africa zone), the context of fierce competition may represent a higher percentage, and particularly in B2B market. But by contrast, to our knowledge, no scientific papers were dedicated and published to detail the way to improve loyalty in B2B Telco market. If we can assume at low segments similarities between B2B and B2C, some research is required in order to model B2B user behavior versus B2C behavior. This problematic stands actual as "Bring Your own Device" (BYOD) becomes more and more trendy. Answering business requirements, our team applied some B2C predictive tools with adapting them to B2B in an AMEA country Orange affiliate.
The WPRE improves genetic engineering with site-specific nucleases (2017)

Abstract Inclusion of the woodchuck hepatitis virus post-transcriptional response element (WPRE) in the 3’ UTR of mRNA encoding zinc-finger or TALE nucleases results in up to a fifty-fold increase in nuclease expression and a several-fold increase in nuclease-modified chromosomes. Significantly, this increase is additive with the enhancement generated by transient hypothermic shock. The WPRE-mediated improvement is seen across several types of human and mouse primary and transformed cells and is translatable in vivo to the mouse liver.
Building and Testing Modular Programs for Programmable Data Planes (2020)

Programmable data planes, PDPs, enable an unprecedented level of flexibility and have emerged as a promising alternative to existing data planes. Despite the rapid development and prototyping cycles that PDPs promote, the existing PDP ecosystem lacks appropriate abstractions and algorithms to support these rapid testing and deployment life-cycles. In this paper, we propose P4Visor, a lightweight virtualization abstraction that provides testing primitives as a first-order citizen of the PDP ecosystem. P4Visor can efficiently support multiple PDP programs through a combination of compiler optimizations and program analysis-based algorithms. P4Visor's algorithm improves over state-of-the-art techniques by significantly reducing the resource overheads associated with embedding numerous versions of a PDP program into hardware. To demonstrate the efficiency and viability of P4Visor, we implemented and evaluated P4Visor on both a software switch and an FPGA-based hardware switch using fourteen of different PDP programs. Our results demonstrate that P4Visor introduces minimal overheads and is one order of magnitude more efficient than existing PDPs primitives for concurrently supporting multiple programs.