gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Saturn's FUV aurora observed with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (2004)

We analyze a set of 15 FUV images obtained between October 1997 and January 2001 with the Hubble Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS), providing a good view of Saturn's south auroral oval. It is found that the morphology and brightness distribution of the aurora are dynamical with variations occurring on time scales of hours or less. The dayside main oval lies between 70° and 80° and is generally brighter and thinner in the morning than in the afternoon sector. The afternoon sector is characterized by more diffuse emission at higher latitudes. Weak emission is also observed poleward of the main oval up to the pole. A spot of enhanced auroral precipitation, tentatively identified as the optical signature of the dayside cusp, is sometimes observed poleward of the main oval in the noon sector, especially during periods when the morning arc is not fully developed. A spiral structure of the main oval with arcs at two latitudes in the same sector is occasionally observed. The brightness of the main oval ranges from below the STIS threshold of 1 kR of H 2 emission up to ∼75 kR. The total electron precipitated power varies between 20 and 140 GW, that is, comparable to the Earth's active aurora but about two orders of magnitude less than on Jupiter. An increasing trend of the precipitated power between the 1997 and the 2000–2001 observations may be related to the rising solar activity. Six spectra of the aurora in the noon sector covering the 1200–1700 Å range are dominated by emissions of the Lyman‐α line and H 2 Werner and Lyman bands. Their comparison with a synthetic model of electron excited H 2 emissions indicates the presence of a weak absorption below 1400 Å by a column of methane ranging between 7 × 10 15 and 2 × 10 16 cm −2 . The corresponding energy of the primary auroral electrons is estimated 12 ± 3 keV, using a low‐latitude model atmosphere based on Voyager occultation measurements. The main oval brightness and the characteristic electron energy are generally consistent with recent models of Saturn's aurora, which colocate the main oval with the narrow upward field‐aligned current system associated with departure from plasma corotation near the open‐closed field line boundary. The latitude of the bright morning arc is somewhat lower than model predictions based on the plasma flow velocity measured by Voyager in the middle magnetosphere.
Rho-dependent terminators and transcription termination (2006)

Rho-dependent transcription terminators participate in sophisticated genetic regulatory mechanisms, in both bacteria and phages; they occur in regulatory regions preceding the coding sequences of genes and within coding sequences, as well as at the end of transcriptional units, to prevent readthrough transcription. Most Rho-dependent terminators have been found in enteric bacteria, but they also occur in Gram-positive bacteria and may be widespread among bacteria. Rho-dependent termination requires both cis-acting elements, on the mRNA, and trans-acting factors. The only cis-acting element common to Rho-dependent terminators is richness in rC residues. Additional sequence elements have been observed at different Rho termination sites. These 'auxiliary elements' may assist in the termination process; they differ among terminators, their occurrence possibly depending on the function and sequence context of the terminator. Specific nucleotides required for termination have also been identified at Rho sites. Rho is the main factor required for termination; it is a ring-shaped hexameric protein with ATPase and helicase activities. NusG, NusA and NusB are additional factors participating in the termination process. Rho-dependent termination occurs by binding of Rho to ribosome-free mRNA, C-rich sites being good candidates for binding. Rho's ATPase is activated by Rho-mRNA binding, and provides the energy for Rho translocation along the mRNA; translocation requires sliding of the message into the central hole of the hexamer. When a polymerase pause site is encountered, the actual termination occurs, and the transcript is released by Rho's helicase activity. Many aspects of this process are still being studied. The isolation of mutants suppressing termination, site-directed mutagenesis of cis-acting elements in Rho-dependent termination, and biochemistry, are and will be contributing to unravelling the still undefined aspects of the Rho termination machinery. Analysis of the more sophisticated regulatory mechanisms relying on Rho-dependent termination may be crucial in identifying new essential elements for termination.
An acoustic wave equation for anisotropic media (1998)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1998An acoustic wave equation for anisotropic mediaAuthors: Tariq AlkhalifahTariq AlkhalifahStanford Universityhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820311 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820311FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByReverse time migrations in transversely isotropic media: A comparison between acoustic and elastic wave equations with two wave mode separation algorithmsWenlong Wang, Biaolong Hua, George A. McMechan, and Paul Williamson13 February 2019 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 84, No. 2P- and S-decomposition in anisotropic media with localized low-rank approximationsWenlong Wang, Biaolong Hua, George A. McMechan, and Bertrand Duquet13 November 2017 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 83, No. 1 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1998ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1998 Pages: 2092 publication data© 1998 Copyright © 1998 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 06 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Tariq Alkhalifah, (1998), "An acoustic wave equation for anisotropic media," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1913-1916. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820311 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
High-level secretory production of intact, biologically active staphylokinase fromBacillus subtilis (1999)

Staphylokinase is a promising blood-clot dissolving agent for the treatment of patients suffering from a heart attack. It would be desirable to produce this protein in large quantities for biochemical characterization and clinical trials. Production of intact, biologically active staphylokinase from bacterial expression systems has been a challenge because of N-terminal microheterogeneity, plasmid instability, or low-production yield. By using a seven-extracellular-protease deficient Bacillus subtilis strain, WB700, intact staphylokinase can be produced via secretion. However, native staphylokinase gene (sak) in a high-copy number plasmid was found to be unstable in B. subtilis. To optimize the production and the stability of the expression vectors, both the promoter and the signal sequence of sak were replaced by B. subtilis promoters (P43, a constitutively expressed promoter; Pamy, a stationary-phase promoter; and PsacB, a sucrose-inducible promoter) and the levansucrase-signal sequence, respectively. This overcame the plasmid instability problem. To enhance transcription from the sacB promoter, degQ encoding a transcriptional activator for sacB and other protease genes was also installed in the expression vector. The use of WB700 as the expression host allowed enhanced production of staphylokinase from the sucrose-inducible plasmid without causing any obvious degradation of staphylokinase. Both the P43 and PsacB (with DegQ) promoters worked well. Over 90% of staphylokinase synthesized can be secreted effectively. With the optimization of both the culture media and the fermentation conditions, production of staphylokinase reached a level of 337 mg/L, and staphylokinase could be purified to homogeneity by a simple three-step purification scheme. Secreted staphylokinase did not show any N-terminal heterogeneity. This presents an attractive system for the production of staphylokinase in both high quality and quantity.
Polarization studies in the UWB radar target response using joint Time-Frequency analysis (2007)

The polarization dependent nature of Ultra Wideband (UWB) scattering from a radar target is studied using Time-Frequency (TF) Analysis. The UWB frequency responses of the target under linear and circular polarization incidence are studied. The results demonstrate that the Q-factor of the resonant peaks vary as the incident polarization changes, indicating that different layer SEM poles are extracted for different polarization incident states.
Orally administered  -lactamase enzymes represent a novel strategy to prevent colonization by Clostridium difficile (2008)

Administration of oral recombinant beta-lactamase preserved the colonic microbiota of mice during parenteral beta-lactam antibiotic treatment and prevented the overgrowth of and toxin production by C. difficile in caecal contents. Oral beta-lactamase therapy may represent a novel approach towards preventing C. difficile infections in healthcare settings.
Reliable packaging for parylene-based flexible retinal implant (2013)

MEMS technology has been used more and more in biomedical application for neural prosthetic implantation [1, 2]. These devices, however, will have to endure harsh and corrosive body fluids [3]. Therefore, biostable and hermetic-like packaging is needed to protect the implant. This work reports the package reliability of parylene-based retinal implant using active (i.e., with electrical signals applied) and accelerated lifetime soaking test in saline. Commercial amplifier chips, dummy conduction chips, and discrete components are tested and the failure modes are examined. It is found that the proposed parylene-metal-parylene flexible composite sandwich layers indeed have longer lifetime than traditional inflexible silicone-parylene combination. In addition, the chip size effect on lifetime is observed that smaller chips have longer lifetime under the same protection.
Medea: a tool for workload characterization of parallel systems (1995)

The Medea (MEasurements Description, Evaluation and Analysis) software tool provides a user-friendly environment for systematically applying workload characterization techniques to raw data produced by monitoring parallel programs. Medea's models are especially useful for program tuning and performance debugging, for testing alternative system configurations and for supporting benchmarking studies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Full duplex communications in 5G small cells (2017)

Full duplex communication promises system performance improvement over conventional half duplex communication by allowing simultaneous transmission and reception. However, such concurrent communication results in strong self interference and an increase in the overall network interference, and can only be exploited when traffic is available in both directions. The potential throughput gains of full duplex communication over conventional half duplex transmission in a small cell network with asymmetric traffic conditions is investigated in this contribution. The throughput performance gains are analysed using tools from stochastic geometry, and further confirmed through extensive system level simulations. Our findings explicitly quantify how the gains from full duplex communication depend on the traffic profile and the inter-cell interference coupling. The demonstrated throughput gains and delay reduction make full duplex communication an attractive potential technology component for the fifth generation dense small cell cellular system.
Control of Gallium Oxide Growth on Liquid Metal Eutectic Gallium/Indium Nanoparticles via Thiolation (2017)

Eutectic gallium-indium alloy (EGaIn, a room-temperature liquid metal) nanoparticles are of interest for their unique potential uses in self-healing and flexible electronic devices. One reason for their interest is due to a passivating oxide skin that develops spontaneously on exposure to ambient atmosphere which resists deformation and rupture of the resultant liquid particles. It is then of interest to develop methods for control of this oxide growth process. It is hypothesized here that functionalization of EGaIn nanoparticles with thiolated molecules could moderate oxide growth based on insights from the Cabrera-Mott oxidation model. To test this, the oxidation dynamics of several thiolated nanoparticle systems were tracked over time with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. These results demonstrate the ability to suppress gallium oxide growth by up to 30%. The oxide progressively matures over a 28 day period, terminating in different final thicknesses as a function of thiol selection. These results indicate not only that thiols moderate gallium oxide growth via competition with oxygen for surface sites but also that different thiols alter the thermodynamics of oxide growth through modification of the EGaIn work function.
수도권(首都圈) 여대생(女大生)의 기초(期初) 피부(皮膚) 색조(色調) 화장품(化粧品) 사용(使用) 실태(實態)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (2005)

The purpose of this research is to analyze the patterns on consuming basic skin makeup products of female college students, and to provide basic information to understand the patterns of ordinary consumers. The survey was included 283 female students from 5 colleges located in metropolitan area of Seoul. The survey data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Duncan test, T-test, chi-square-test methods. The results are as follows : 1. 60% of the college students of metropolitan area are doing basic skin makeup for aesthetic reasons in most cases, eye makeup is regarded the most important part, so 92% students have experienced to buy imported cosmetic products because of it`s better absorption to skin. 2. Significant correlations were found between the skin types and dissatisfaction about foundation after using. 3. According to demographic variables, significant correlations were found between grade and makeup extent, grade and the reasons why they use imported products. 4. According to demographic variables, significant correlations were found between grade and foundation types used, monthly average living expense and purchasing channels, grade and purchasing channels, price level of the currently using face powder and monthly average living expense, monthly average spending for cosmetic products and level of wealth, price level of the currently using foundation and monthly average living expense. 5. According to demographic variables, significant differences were found in monthly average living expense, monthly average spending for cosmetic product, mother`s job, grade.
A Bridged Azobenzene Derivative as a Reversible, Light‐Induced Chirality Switch (2010)

A new trick for an old dog: The azobenzene derivative 1 was used to demonstrate the light-induced spatially directed (unidirectional) trans→cis isomerization for the first time. This important effect expands the range of applications for azobenzene derivatives. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
[Histamine receptor-bearing lymphocytes. III. Suppression of immune reactions by killing of histamine receptor-bearing lymphocytes with a conjugate of histamine and the A chain of mistletoe lectin I]. (1985)

Conjugates of the A-chain of the mistletoe lectin I and histamine but not A-chain per se inhibit the capacity of spleen cells of the mouse to induce antibody response or graft-versus-host reaction by 90%. The conjugates killed 27% of the spleen cells, 60% of the T-, and 15% of the B-lymphocytes. The receptors for histamine could be shown to be of the H2-type, because only H2-antagonists inhibited the toxic influence of the conjugates. The results suggest the hypothesis that not only suppressor cells but at least the majority of the immunocompetent cells bear receptors for histamine. The A-chain-histamine conjugate represents an "affinotoxin" which is cytotoxic only after affinity binding on receptors of the target cell.
Oxidized, deaminated cytosines are a source of C → T transitions <i>in vivo</i> (1998)

The most common base substitution arising from oxidative damage of DNA is a GC --> AT transition. In an effort to determine the oxidized lesion(s) that gives rise to this mutation, the mutagenicity of three oxidized cytosines, 5-hydroxycytosine, 5-hydroxyuracil, and uracil glycol, were investigated in Escherichia coli. An M13 viral genome was constructed to contain a single oxidized cytosine at a specific site. Replication in vivo of the single-stranded genomes yielded mutation frequencies of 0.05%, 83%, and 80% for 5-hydroxycytosine, 5-hydroxyuracil, and uracil glycol, respectively. The predominant mutation observed was C --> T. A model for C --> T oxidative mutagenesis is suggested in which initial cytosine oxidation is followed by deamination to a poorly repaired uracil derivative that is strongly miscoding during replication.
Design and characterization of a compact nano-positioning system for a portable transmission x-ray microscope (2013)

We have designed and constructed a compact nano-positioning system for a Portable Transmission X-ray Microscope (PTXM). We introduce a concept of PTXM and adopt modular approach which implements identical nano-motion platforms to perform manipulation of PTXM components. Modular design provides higher stiffness of the system and allows for reduction of relative thermal drifts between individual constituents of the PTXM apparatus, ensuring a high degree of stability for nanoscale x-ray imaging. We have measured relative thermal drifts between two identical modules to be as low as 15 nm/h, sufficient to perform nanoscale imaging by TXM. Spatial resolution achieved by developed linear piezo stages was measured to be 3 nm with repeatability of 20 nm over 1 mm travel range.
Severe dyslipidaemia, atherosclerosis, and sudden cardiac death in mice lacking all NO synthases fed a high-fat diet (2010)

These results provide the first direct evidence that complete disruption of all NOS genes causes severe dyslipidaemia, atherosclerosis, and sudden cardiac death in response to a high-fat diet in mice in vivo through the down-regulation of the hepatic LDL receptor, demonstrating the critical role of the whole endogenous NOS system in maintaining lipid homeostasis.
Treatment of the post-mastectomy pain syndrome with topical capsaicin (1993)

Twenty-one patients with post-mastectomy pain syndrome (PMPS) were entered in an open-label trial of topical 0.025% capsaicin treatment (3 daily applications for 2 months). Out of 19 evaluable patients, 2 (10.5%) reported complete disappearance of all symptoms, and 11 (57.9%) had a reduction of pain which was never worse than mild at the end of treatment. Three months after cessation of treatment, 11 of 13 of the responding patients continued to have good pain relief, with only 1 continuing to use capsaicin. Treatment was well tolerated with no drop-out due to side effects. This is the first independent confirmation of the usefulness of capsaicin in the PMPS, following the recent publication of a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study showing significant pain relief with 0.075% capsaicin but not with vehicle cream. Further experimental and clinical research on the properties of capsaicin in other painful peripheral neuropathies is desirable.
Superhard material comparable in hardness to diamond (1988)

Superhard boron suboxides, with hardness close to that of diamond, were synthesized from boron/boron oxide mixtures. Such hardness is expected when a material’s molar volume approaches the value characteristic for diamond. These materials consist of boron-rich phases belonging to the boron-oxygen system. The phase which contains 4 at. % oxygen and a crystal structure related to β-rhombohedral boron can scratch diamond faces. During scratching of diamond the suboxide is worn also, and the wear debris is amorphized. Wear on the {100} diamond faces results from a cleavage mechanism which leaves a rough surface covered with cleaved {111} microfaces. The {100} faces are more easily abraded than the {111} diamond faces. Wear on {111} faces consumes much more energy and leaves grooves of plastically deformed diamond.
SSB Modulation of the Ultrasonic Carrier for a Parametric Loudspeaker (2009)

The parametric loudspeaker takes advantage of the non-linearity property of the air to create new frequency sound components, which can be used to reproduce audible sound from the ultrasonic waves generated by the transducer. Compared with the traditional loudspeaker, the audible sound from the transducer of the parametric loudspeaker has very sharp directivity pattern, which makes its possible to create a sound beam. The problem is also from the non-linearity interaction, which brings great harmonic distortion to the audible sound. As a result of that, many signal processing methods have been proposed to reduce THD (total harmonic distortion), including square-rooter method, DSB (double sideband) modulation, and SSB (single sideband) modulation etc. In this paper, the SSB modulation used in parametric loudspeaker has been analyzed in detail and its testing results are also included, which show that SSB modulation has great advantage over the other processing methods.
Neutrophil Emigration in the Lungs, Peritoneum, and Skin Does Not Require Gelatinase B (1999)

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) release gelatinase B in response to variable stimuli. Gelatinase B degrades basement membrane components in vitro, and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase activity blunts PMN migration through a prototype basement membrane (Matrigel) and amnionic membranes. Accordingly, it has been speculated that gelatinase B is necessary for PMN emigration. To test this hypothesis we induced acute inflammation in the lungs, peritoneum, and skin in mice with a null mutation of the gelatinase B gene (gelatinase B-/-) and littermate controls (gelatinase B+/+). At 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after intratracheal instillation of LPS, the emigration of PMN in the lung, as determined by PMN in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, was similar in gelatinase B-/- and gelatinase B+/+ mice. The number of PMN in the peritoneal cavity 4 h after thioglycollate-induced peritonitis was also comparable in gelatinase B-/- and gelatinase B+/+ mice. At 4 h after an intradermal injection of interleukin-8, numerous PMN were present extravascularly in the dermis in both gelatinase B-/- and gelatinase B+/+ mice and the myeloperoxidase activities of the skin at the injection sites were indistinguishable between the two types of mice. PMN from gelatinase B-/- mice migrated through Matrigel in response to zymosan-activated serum with the same efficiency as did PMN from gelatinase B+/+ mice. In vitro, gelatinase B-/- PMN killed Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae as effectively as did PMN from gelatinase B+/+ mice. These findings indicate that gelatinase B is not required for PMN emigration, and suggest that the antibacterial function of PMN is preserved despite gelatinase B deficiency.