gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Results of Endoscopic Resection in Early Gastric Cancer (2009)

OBJECTIVES: In the West, neither acute nor long-term results of endoscopic resection (ER) for early gastric cancer (EGC) have been reported in large studies. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of ER in patients with EGC in a long-term follow-up (FU). METHODS: From May 1995 to October 2004, 179 patients were referred to our department for endoscopic therapy (ET) of gastric cancer (GC). Of these, 43 patients had intramucosal GC with a diameter of up to 30 mm and underwent ER with curative intent. All patients underwent a strict FU protocol at regular intervals. RESULTS: Of the 43 patients, 42 fulfilled our low-risk criteria for ET of EGC: gross tumor type I/II, intramucosal GC, diameter up to 30 mm, tumor differentiation G1/G2, and no infiltration into lymph vessels/veins. Two patients were not available for FU (remission status not evaluated). In another patient, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma was detected simultaneously, and he was referred for surgery. 38 (97%) of the remaining 39 patients who underwent definitive ET (23 males (59%); mean age 69±10 years) achieved complete remission (CR) after a mean of 1.3±0.6 ER sessions. Minor complications (not Hb-relevant bleeding) occurred in 7 of the 39 patients (18%) and major complications (5 Hb-relevant bleeds, 1 covered perforation; all managed conservatively) in 6 patients (15%). During FUs (mean 57 months; range 5-137), recurrent or metachronous lesions were observed in 11 patients (29%). All lesions were successfully treated by repeated ET. No tumor-related deaths occurred during FU. CONCLUSIONS: Although ER for EGC in Western countries is effective, it is associated with a relevant risk of complications. In view of the possibility of recurrent or metachronous neoplasia, a strict FU protocol is mandatory.
New Phase-Lock Loop Circuit Providing Very Fast Acquisition Time (1985)

We present a new circuit configuration for second-order phase-lock loops that provides, for large initial frequency offsets, acquisition times several orders of magnitude shorter than those achieved using conventional phase-lock loops. This new circuit also provides frequency locking almost instantaneously when the time delay around the loop is small. Furthermore, it can, without losing lock, sustain frequency changes several hundred times faster than those which can be sustained by a conventional circuit.
Impact modifiers for PVC (1993)

Abstract With the exception of most PVC pressure pipe and a few profile applications where high modulus is the major consideration, most rigid and semirigid PVC compounds have impact performance requirements that can be met only through the use of impact modifiers. We present an overview of the mechanisms of impact modification and the effects of impact modifier type and concentration, interaction with other formulation ingredients, and PVC morphology as they are influenced by processing conditions. Typical end use formulations are given to illustrate the selection and use of impact modifiers for various applications.
Surface segregation energies in transition-metal alloys (1999)

We present a database of $24\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}24$ surface segregation energies of single transition metal impurities in transition-metal hosts obtained by a Green's-function linear-muffin-tin-orbitals method in conjunction with the coherent potential and atomic sphere approximations including a multipole correction to the electrostatic potential and energy. We use the database to establish the major factors which govern surface segregation in transition metal alloys. We find that the calculated trends are well described by Friedel's rectangular state density model and that the few but significant deviations from the simple trends are caused by crystal structure effects.
Forecasting Field Defect Rates Using a Combined Time-Based and Metrics-Based Approach: A Case Study of OpenBSD (2006)

Open source software systems are critical infrastructure for many applications; however, little has been precisely measured about their quality. Forecasting the field defect-occurrence rate over the entire lifespan of a release before deployment for open source software systems may enable informed decision-making. In this paper, we present an empirical case study often releases of OpenBSD. We use the novel approach of predicting model parameters of software reliability growth models (SRGMs) using metrics-based modeling methods. We consider three SRGMs, seven metrics-based prediction methods, and two different sets of predictors. Our results show that accurate field defect-occurrence rate forecasts are possible for OpenBSD, as measured by the Theil forecasting statistic. We identify the SRGM that produces the most accurate forecasts and subjectively determine the preferred metrics-based prediction method and set of predictors. Our findings are steps towards managing the risks associated with field defects
Ethanol Oxidase Respiratory Chain of Acetic Acid Bacteria. Reactivity with Ubiquinone of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone-dependent Alcohol Dehydrogenases Purified from Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter suboxydans (1992)

Membrane-bound, pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent, alcohol dehydrogenase functions as the primary dehydrogenase in the respiratory chain of acetic acid bacteria. In this study, an ability of the enzyme to directly react with ubiquinone was investigated in alcohol dehydrogenases purified from both Acetobacter aceti and Gluconobacter suboxydans by two different approaches. First, it was shown that the enzymes are able to reduce natural ubiquinones, ubiquinone-9 or -t0, in a detergent solution as well as a soluble short-chain homologue, ubiquinone-I. In order to show the reactivity of the enzyme with natural ubiquinone in a native membrane environment, furthermore, alcohol dehydrogenase was reconstituted into proteoliposomes together with natural ubiquinone and a terminal ubiquinol oxidase. The reconstitution was done by binding the detergent-free dehydrogenase at room temperature to proteoliposomes that had been prepared in advance from a ubiquinol oxidase and phospholipids containing ubiquinone by deterge...
Adrenal cortical carcinoma. Epidemiology and treatment with mitotane and a review of the literature (1993)

Adrenal cortical carcinomas are diagnosed most often in children because of functionality and older men because of mass effect. Most tumors are discovered too late for curative resection. Treatment of metastatic disease with mitotane has limited success.
Brain, cognition and grief (1988)

Abstract The emotional problems following brain injury have been a much neglected area, both in terms of research and clinical input. In part, the difficulties of investigating these phenomena empirically and the complexity of possible etiologies may be to blame for the apparent lack of effort directed at their investigation. Drs Tanner and Gerstenberger have outlined the influence of one likely factor to the emotional changes following brain injury, namely the grief response. A basic tenet of their formulation is that the person who has suffered a speech or language disorder due to neuropathology undergoes a grief reaction equivalent to that encountered by those who have suffered the death of a loved one. Thus, their analyses of the affective consequences of brain injury are interpreted in terms of a reaction to a loss. Undoubtedly, there are similarities between the loss of a function and the loss of someone close. However, Tanner and Gerstenberger make little reference to the differences between the two types of loss. It is also possible that factors other than those related to loss may play a significant, if not a primary, role in determining the emotional problems following brain injury.
APUNTES DE INVESTIGACIÓN (2016)

Reconocer los principales aspectos teoricos en cuanto a metodos tipos y tecnicas de investigacion.
Examples (2007)

Presented in this appendix are four examples showing in various degrees of detail how the present method can be applied to programs written in C++.
The immunology of multiple sclerosis: disease mechanisms and therapeutic targets. (2008)

The disease mechanism of multiple sclerosis (MS) involves inflammation, demyelination and neurodegeneration. The relation between these components is not completely understood, but recent experiences with aggressive anti-inflammatory treatment suggest that inflammation drives neuronal damage in patients with relapsing remitting MS. Although infiltration of lymphocytes into the brain parenchyma was recognized as a key event in the pathogenesis of MS more than 120 years ago, important aspects of the mechanisms triggering and sustaining this immune response remain unknown. Furthermore, studies of MS lesions and evidence from therapeutic trials suggest that the disease mechanism may vary both throughout the disease course and between patients. The understanding of MS as an autoimmune disease targeting myelin proteins is shaped by the animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), but translation from EAE to MS has proven to be difficult. Although both the EAE model and the prominent association to HLA class II molecules suggest a key role for CD4+ T helper cells, it is not known if or how their tolerance to myelin proteins or other putative autoantigens are broken in MS. This paper reviews some important concepts and controversies in the understanding of the immunological basis for MS and its treatment.
Utilization of stochastic automata for neural network learning (2005)

Backpropagation method has been applied to various pattern classification problems. However, one of the most important limitations of this method is that it often fails to find a global minimum of total error function of neural networks. In order to overcome this limitation, me have recently proposed a hybrid algorithm which combines the random optimization method with the modified backpropagation method. This hybrid algorithm has been successfully applied to several actual problems, such as air pollution density forecasting, stock price forecasting, etc. In this paper, the learning performance of stochastic automaton is utilized to accelerate the convergence of this hybrid algorithm. Several computer simulation results confirm our ideas.
Refined three-dimensional structure of the Fab fragment of a murine IgGl,λ antibody (1994)

We report the cDNA sequence determination and the crystal structure of the Fab fragment of a murine IgG1,lambda antibody (HC19), specific for an influenza virus hemagglutinin. The HC19 Fab-fragment structure has been refined; the crystallographic R-factor is 19.5% at 2.3 A resolution. We have compared the conformation of HC19 complementarity determining regions (CDRs) with those of CDR loops of Fab structures available from the Protein Data Bank. These loops were chosen based on the identity of key residues, following the canonical-structure approach; four CDRs have a main-chain conformation very similar to the canonical structure that had been identified. HC19 L1 CDR adopts a conformation clearly distinct from all L1 CDRs that belong to a chain of a different class or origin; this is determined by the nature of a few residues at positions in the sequence different from those of key residues in other light chains. This canonical structure should be representative of most murine lambda-class light chains, as inferred from the very high sequence homologies of these polypeptides.
Emotional dysfunction, child-family relationships and childhood atopic dermatitis (1999)

A link between atopic dermatitis (AD) and emotional dysfunction is now well established but consideration of this has yet to be widely incorporated into clinical management. A biopsychosocial model of the mind-body interaction is considered in conjunction with the theory of childhood emotional development and the impact of a diseased skin, for its effect on a child growing up with AD. AD inevitably adds to the difficulties of parenting, so that parents and children may become locked into dysfunctional relationships. This adds to the stresses for all concerned, and may contribute to the deterioration of the child's skin condition as part of a psychosomatic vicious cycle. There is a strong indication that the psychological dimensions of AD should be taken into account as part of routine management. Further research will be needed to establish the effectiveness of any psychological intervention.
Surfactant‐Free, Melt‐Processable Metal–Polymer Hybrid Materials: Use of Graphene as a Dispersing Agent (2008)

Graphene coatings on metal nanoparticles work as lubricants and dispersing agents and can fully replace currently used surfactants. These high-temperature-stable metal–polymer hybrid materials can be shaped by injection molding, enabling rapid manufacturing of electrical engines, actuators, and micromachines. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2008/adma200800026_s.html or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Parallel architectures for wavelet transforms (2002)

Discrete wavelet transforms have been shown to be a viable tool for multiscale image processing. However, their implementations on a sequential machine hinders their potential use for many applications because of their computational intensive nature. A parallelization of a 2D discrete wavelet transforms has been implemented on two novel parallel architectures: an array of processors with pipelined optical buses, and a 3D mesh architecture. The implementation of the DWTs on these architectures are analyzed. Then, their performance are shown to be optimal or near-optimal, and compare favorably with other related parallel architectures. The important consideration of implementing a DWT are shown to be the convolution and the multiscale processing. An array of processors with pipelined optical buses a 3-D mesh are shown to be quite suitable for these parallel data movement operations, and hence, seem to be promising architectures for DWTs applications.
MRI of Retinal Free Radical Production With Laminar Resolution In Vivo (2016)

Quench-assisted MRI has the laminar resolution and detection sensitivity to evaluate normal and pathologic production of free radicals in vivo.
Origin of Enhancement in Open-Circuit Voltage by Adding ZnO to Nanocrystalline SnO<sub>2</sub> in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2005)

SnO2 + ZnO working electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells were made by mixing a nanocrystalline SnO2 colloidal dispersion with ZnO or Zn(CH3COO)2. Addition of ZnO or Zn(CH3COO)2 enhanced the open-circuit voltage (V(oc)) of the cells with respect to cells containing only SnO2. Dependence of the electron lifetime in the electrodes on short-circuit photocurrent density (J(sc)) gave evidence against the assumption that the suppression of back electron transfer to the electrolyte is the origin for the V(oc) enhancement by addition of Zn. V(oc) dependence on temperatures indicated a decrease in the combined capacitance of the mixed electrode. The slope of the V(oc) dependence versus the logarithm of J(sc) indicated that the contribution of unpinning of the band to the enhancement of V(oc) could be neglected. From the cyclic voltammograms of the electrodes, the combined capacitance of the mixed electrode was 1 order of magnitude smaller than that of SnO2. The decrease in the combined capacitance in the mixed electrode could be explained by the decrease in the chemical capacitance of SnO2, thus the shift of the conduction band position toward the vacuum level. X-ray photoelectron spectra of Sn 3d(5/2) peaks showed a shift toward lower binding energy with an increasing amount of added Zn. This was attributed to an increase in the surface potential toward the negative direction, which might have resulted from a dipole moment formed by Zn on the surface of SnO2.
Isolated zeta converter: principle of operation and design in continuous conduction mode (2010)

The principle of operation of the zeta converter is explained in the article. Small-signal and steady-state models of the converter are presented. The design formulas for the continuous conduction mode (CCM) are given together with some design examples and simulation results. The power factor and harmonic issues are also addressed.
System R: An architectural overview (1981)

We have described the architecture of System R, including the Relational Data System and the Research Storage System. The RDS supports a flexible spectrum of binding times, ranging from precompilation of “canned transactions” to on-line execution of ad hoc queries. The advantages of this approach may be summarized as follows: 1. For repetitive transactions, all the work of parsing, name binding, and access path selection is done once at precompilation time and need not be repeated. 2. Ad hoc queries are compiled on line into small machine-language routines that execute more efficiently than an interpreter. 3. Users are given a single language, SQL, for use in ad hoc queries as well as in writing PL/I and COBOL transaction programs. 4. The SQL parser, access path selection routines, and machine language code generator are used in common between query processing and precompilation of transaction programs. 5. When an index used by a transaction program is dropped, a new access path is automatically selected for the transaction without user intervention.
Adaptive Health Monitoring Concepts for Spot-Welded and Weld-Bonded Structural Joints (1997)

Abstract The health monitoring of structural joints is a major concern of the engineering community and needs to be addressed with the proper consideration. Among joining techniques, the spot welding and weld-bonding (spot weld + adhesive bonding) methods are of great interest in a number of industries. Spot welding is the traditional assembly method for steel-based automotive structures, while weld-bonding is a novel technique that combines the stiffness and productivity benefits of adhesive bonding with the proven-technology attributes of spot welding. Future trends in the design and construction of vehicular structures indicate a strong diversification of material usage, with aluminum and polymeric composites projected to play a major role. While aluminum is amenable to both spot welding and adhesive bonding, composites will, most likely, be entirely adhesive bonded. Hence, the trends towards weld-bonding and adhesive bonding are clearly visible. The paper first presents a short review of the present trends in joining techniques with special emphasis on those in present and future use in the automotive industry. This will be followed by a short review of the existing non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques that may be applicable to the health monitoring of spot welded and weld-bonded structures. Next, novel concepts of health monitoring utilizing an adaptive structures approach are presented. Laser ultrasound techniques; tagged adhesive methods; dielectric response techniques; electric potential methods, etc. are briefly mentioned. Particular emphasis is placed on the electro-mechanical impedance method. This novel method is described in some detail. The electro-mechanical impedance method utilizes the coupled electro-mechanical response of piezo-electric interrogators (sensor-actuator crystals) intimately bonded to the monitored structure. An array of such structural interrogators can be envisaged to monitor the incipient local damage and crack growth in spot-welded and weld-bonded structures. Preliminary proof-of-concept demonstration tests performed with this method have shown remarkable features and ease of utilization.
Sensing Technologies and the Player-Middleware for Context-Awareness in Kitchen Environments (2007)

In this paper we report on a use case of networked sensing technologies in the context of smart homes and specifically the kitchen as scenario for our research. We adapt, use and extend an existing middleware originating from robotics for pervasive computing. We report on initial results towards context recognition in this sensor enriched environment.
Sams Teach Yourself Microsoft FrontPage 2000 in 21 Days (1999)

From the Publisher:
In just 21 days you'll have all the skills you need to design, create, publish, and enhance professional-quality Web sites with Microsoft FrontPage 2000. After completing the first seven days of lessons you'll have a fully functional Web page, complete with images, links, and tables. In the second week of lessons you'll get your fingernails dirty with detailed information on how to enhance your pages with style sheets and eye-catching special effects. And in week three you'll find out how to exploit the full power of FrontPage with forms, custom HTML, and advanced Web technologies.
Mode selection between antenna grouping and beamforming for MIMO communication systems (2009)

Antenna grouping algorithms are hybrids of beamforming and spatial multiplexing. With antenna grouping, we can achieve diversity gain through beamforming, and high spectral efficiency through spatial multiplexing simultaneously. In an IID channel, at a fixed transmission rate, we can get better BER performance by antenna grouping compared with beamforming. But if the channel is ill-conditioned or there is some correlation between transmit or receive antennas, the BER performance of antenna grouping is significantly degraded. In that case, beamforming is better than antenna grouping algorithm. We introduced existing antenna grouping algorithms and proposed our new simple antenna grouping algorithms in our previous paper. In this paper, we investigate mode selection algorithms which select antenna grouping or beamforming mode. By selecting a suitable mode for instantaneous channel, we can prevent fluctuation of BER performance caused by channel variation and antenna correlation. We introduce some existing mode selection criteria and also propose a new criterion which is derived from the simple antenna grouping algorithm in the previous paper. This proposed mode selection criterion requires little additional calculations. By comparing with existing mode selection criteria, we verify the performance of our criterion.
Thermal lensing measurements in line-focus end-pumped neodymium yttrium aluminium garnet using holographic lateral shearing interferometry (1998)

Thermal lensing in compact neodymium yttrium aluminium garnet slabs and rods end pumped with a beam brought to a line focus has been measured using holographic lateral shearing interferometry. This powerful technique enabled us to directly measure thermal lenses with focal lengths in the range 0.02–12 m with an accuracy of 12% and good spatial resolution. It was found that the line focused pump beam resulted in severe astigmatic thermal lensing. The measured thermal lens strongly deviated from the ideal parabolic profile along both axes, introducing an important additional consideration for laser-diode end-pumped laser resonator design. The degree of longitudinal heat flow was found to strongly influence thermal lens power. It is anticipated that results obtained from the measurement technique presented here will enable optimal design of high-power end-pumped solid-state laser cavities.