gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
T Cell Receptor Biochemistry, Repertoire Selection and General Features of TCR and Ig Structure (2007)

T cell recognition is a central event in the development of most immune responses, whether appropriate or inappropriate (i.e. autoimmune). We are interested in reducing T cell recognition to its most elemental components and relating this to biological outcome. In a model system involving a cytochrome c-specific I-Ek restricted T cell receptor (TCR) derived from the 2B4 hybridoma, we have studied the interaction of soluble TCR and soluble peptide-MHC complexes using surface plasmon resonance. We find a striking continuum in which biological activity correlates best with the dissociation rate of the TCR from the peptide-MHC complex. In particular, we have found that weak agonists have significantly faster off-rates than strong agonists and that antagonists have even faster off-rates. This suggests that the stability of TCR binding to a given ligand is critically important with respect to whether the T cell is stimulated, inhibited or remains indifferent. It also suggests that the phenomenon of peptide antagonists might be explained purely by kinetic models and that conformation, either inter- or intramolecular, may not be a factor. We have also studied TCR repertoire selection during the establishment of a cytochrome c response, initially using an anti-TCR antibody strategy, but more recently using peptide-MHC tetramers as antigen-specific staining reagents. These tetramers work well with either class I or class II MHC-specific TCRs and have many possible applications. Lastly, we have also tried to correlate the structural and genetic features of TCRs with their function. Recent data on TCR structure as well as previous findings with antibodies suggest that both molecules are highly dependent on CDR3 length and sequence variation to form specific contacts with antigens. This suggests a general "logic' behind TCR and Ig genetics as it relates to structure and function that helps to explain certain anomalous findings and makes a number of clear predictions.
Improvements of dipole, helix, spiral, microstrip patch and aperture antennas with ground planes by using corrugated soft surfaces (1996)

The paper presents a study of some elementary antennas, such as a dipole, a waveguide aperture, a microstrip patch, a spiral and a helix, when they are mounted on a ground plane with circular corrugations acting as a soft surface. The results of both experiments and calculations are described. The latter have been done either by the uniform geometrical theory of diffraction (UTD) or by the moment method (MM), and are in good agreement with the measurements. It is found that the corrugated soft ground plane makes the radiation patterns of all the antennas more rotationally symmetric with lower sidelobe levels and lower crosspolarisation when compared to using a smooth conducting ground plane.
Sub-100 nm Cu Films Deposited by Electroless on SAMs (2006)

Abstract not Available.
Credit Card Fraud Detection Using AdaBoost and Majority Voting (2018)

Credit card fraud is a serious problem in financial services. Billions of dollars are lost due to credit card fraud every year. There is a lack of research studies on analyzing real-world credit card data owing to confidentiality issues. In this paper, machine learning algorithms are used to detect credit card fraud. Standard models are first used. Then, hybrid methods which use AdaBoost and majority voting methods are applied. To evaluate the model efficacy, a publicly available credit card data set is used. Then, a real-world credit card data set from a financial institution is analyzed. In addition, noise is added to the data samples to further assess the robustness of the algorithms. The experimental results positively indicate that the majority voting method achieves good accuracy rates in detecting fraud cases in credit cards.
On the Analysis of Using 802.16e WiMAX for Point-to-Point Wireless Backhaul (2007)

This paper analyzes the capacity and overhead of using the IEEE 802.16e worldwide interoperability for microwave access ("WiMAX") for last mile wireless backhaul transport. It first analyzes the WiMAX overhead size using 802.16e WiMAX as backhaul. Second, both WiMAX backhaul downlink and uplink capacity analysis are presented. Lastly, an EVRC VoIP bearer traffic efficiency analysis in an 802.16e WiMAX backhaul is considered
Fuel Savings and Aerodynamic Drag Reduction from Rail Car Covers (2008)

The potential for energy savings by reducing the aerodynamic drag of rail cars is significant. A previous study of aerodynamic drag of coal cars suggests that a 25% reduction in drag of empty cars would correspond to a 5% fuel savings for a round trip [1]. Rail statistics for the United States [2] report that approximately 5.7 billion liters of diesel fuel were consumed for coal transportation in 2002, so a 5% fuel savings would total 284 million liters. This corresponds to 2% of Class I railroad fuel consumption nationwide. As part of a DOE-sponsored study, the aerodynamic drag of scale rail cars was measured in a wind tunnel. The goal of the study was to measure the drag reduction of various rail-car cover designs. The cover designs tested yielded an average drag reduction of 43% relative to empty cars corresponding to an estimated round-trip fuel savings of 9%.
Elephantiasis and music (1972)

Just over a year ago I received a letter from someone I had never heard of - Dr. B. R. Laurence, Reader in Entomology at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London - saying he would like to meet me to discuss his findings arising out of his recent research. The present essay is the result of our meeting
Local and systemic effects of an allogeneic tumor cell vaccine combining transgenic human lymphotactin with interleukin-2 in patients with advanced or refractory neuroblastoma (2003)

In murine models, transgenic chemokine-cytokine tumor vaccines overcome many of the limitations of single-agent immunotherapy by producing the sequence of T-cell attraction followed by proliferation. The safety and immunologic effects of this approach in humans were tested in 21 patients with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma. They received up to 8 subcutaneous injections of a vaccine combining lymphotactin (Lptn)- and interleukin-2 (IL-2)-secreting allogeneic neuroblastoma cells in a dose-escalating scheme. Severe adverse reactions were limited to reversible panniculitis in 5 patients and bone pain in 1 patient. Injection-site biopsies revealed increased cellularity caused by infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, eosinophils, and Langerhans cells. Systemically, the vaccine produced a 2-fold (P =.035) expansion of CD4+ T cells, a 3.5-fold (P =.039) expansion of natural killer (NK) cells, a 2.1-fold (P =.014) expansion of eosinophils, and a 1.6-fold (P =.049) increase in serum IL-5. When restimulated in vitro by the immunizing cell line, T cells collected after vaccination showed a 2.3-fold increase (P =.02) of T-helper (TH2)-type CD3+IL-4+ cells. Supernatant collected from restimulated cells showed increased amounts of IL-4 (11.4-fold; P =.021) and IL-5 (8.7-fold; P =.002). Six patients had significant increases in NK cytolytic activity. Fifteen patients made immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies that bound to the immunizing cell line. Measurable tumor responses included complete remission in 2 patients and partial response in 1 patient. Hence, allogeneic tumor cell vaccines combining transgenic Lptn with IL-2 appear to have little toxicity in humans and can induce an antitumor immune response.
High Speed Through Silicon Via Filling by Copper Electrodeposition (2010)

High speed copper electrodeposition is needed to achieve the through silicon via (TSV) process with a high throughput. To inhibit electrodeposition on the top surface of the TSV, octadecanthiol (ODT) was microcontact-printed on the top surface. The ODT microcontact-printing effectively inhibits copper electrodeposition on the top surface. With sulfonated diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride copolymer (SDDACC), V shapes were formed in the via cross section, and these shapes led to bottom-up via filling. We succeeded in filling diameter and deep vias within 37 min. This was achieved by shortening the off time to 100 ms, ODT microcontact-printing, and adding 1 mg/L SDDACC additive.
African swine fever virus NL gene is not required for virus virulence. (1998)

Previously, we described a highly conserved nonessential African swine fever virus (ASFV) right variable region gene, NL. Deletion of NL from the European pathogenic isolate E70 resulted in almost complete attenuation of the virus in domestic swine. To study gene function further, NL gene deletion mutants were constructed from two pathogenic African ASFV isolates, Malawi Lil-20/1 (Mal) and Pretoriuskop/96/4 (Pr4). Unexpectedly, both Mal (Mal-deltaNL) and PR4 (Pr4deltaNL) null mutants remained highly virulent when inoculated in swine. Mal-deltaNL exhibited a disease and virulence phenotype indistinguishable from its revertant, Mal-NLR, which caused 100% mortality. Mortality among Pr4deltaNL-infected animals was also high; however, a significant delay in onset of fever and viraemia and in time to death was observed. These data indicate that NL gene function is not required for ASFV virulence and that other yet-to-be identified viral determinants perform significant virulence functions in these African field isolates.
Robust color histogram descriptors for video segment retrieval and identification (2002)

Effective and efficient representation of color features of multiple video frames or pictures is an important yet challenging task for visual information management systems. Key frame-based methods to represent the color features of a group of frames (GoF) are highly dependent on the selection criterion of the representative frame(s), and may lead to unreliable results. We present various histogram-based color descriptors to reliably capture and represent the color properties of multiple images or a GoF. One family of such descriptors, called alpha-trimmed average histograms, combine individual frame or image histograms using a specific filtering operation to generate robust color histograms that can eliminate the adverse effects of brightness/color variations, occlusion, and edit effects on the color representation. We show the efficacy of the alpha-trimmed average histograms for video segment retrieval applications, and illustrate how they consistently outperform key frame-based methods. Another color histogram descriptor that we introduce, called the intersection histogram, reflects the number of pixels of a given color that is common to all the frames in the GoF. We employ the intersection histogram to develop a fast and efficient algorithm for identification of the video segment to which a query frame belongs. The proposed color histogram descriptors have been included in the ISO standard MPEG-7 after extensive evaluation experiments.
Recent Patents in Fluid Dispensing Processes for Electronics Packaging (2009)

Fluid dispensing is a process to deliver fluid materials in a controlled manner. This method has been widely used in various processes/applications such as electronics assembly and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) packaging. With an increasing demanding for smaller size and higher density of components on boards, numerous efforts have been made in industry to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of the dispensing process and some of the techniques resulted have been patented. This paper presents an overview of the recent patents in the dispensing approaches, and the dispensing process measurements and control in electronic packaging. Keywords: Fluid dispensing, packaging, control, viscosity, measurements, volume or amount
Study of the Structure and Mechanism of Formation through Self-Assembly of Mesostructured Vanadium Oxide (1997)

The structure and mechanism of formation of a novel hexagonal mesostructured vanadium oxide−surfactant composite (HMVO), synthesized by acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of ethanolic cetyltrimethylammonium vanadate (CTAV) solution, has been studied by a variety of spectroscopic techniques. The poorly crystalline CTAV precursor used in the synthesis has been characterized and is shown to consist of pyrovanadate-like anions in which one oxygen atom is shared between vanadate tetrahedra. The HMVO formed from this precursor appears to feature a distorted octahedral vanadium coordination similar to that found in extended structures such as the two-dimensional vanadium pentoxide gel network. Information on the solution speciation during the synthesis is monitored by 51V NMR spectroscopy. Prior to acid addition, the ethanolic solution of CTAV shows a single narrow resonance at −556.7 ppm, assigned to a tetrahedral diester anion [VO2(OEt)2]-, undergoing fast reorientational averaging of the quadrupole interaction in solution. This behavior indicates that mesophases do not exist in solution prior to the initiation of acid-catalyzed polymerization. Progressive addition of aqueous acid results in a monotonic decrease in the diester concentration with concomitant formation of minor quantities of higher vanadate oligomers and an increasing proportion of mesophase not directly detectable by solution 51V NMR. The water in the aqueous acid plays an important role as an initiator in the hydrolysis of the diester, producing the higher oligomers, as well as a postulated transitory intermediate, which condenses rapidly through the action of the stronger acid, HCl, and directed by the surfactant to give the mesostructured material. The presence of the surfactant is seen to be crucial for inhibiting the formation of anionic decavanadate clusters, and VO2+ species, which are normally associated with the acidification of aqueous vanadate solutions. These observations are consistent with a formation mechanism in which the vanadium mesophase is generated by cooperative formation of micellar entities and higher vanadate oligomers.
Receptor-Mediated Monitoring of Tissue Well-Being Via Detection of Soluble Heparan Sulfate by Toll-Like Receptor 4 (2002)

Perturbations to the well-being of tissues in plants and invertebrates generate fragments of endogenous molecules that are recognized by innate immune receptors. Vertebrates have homologous receptors on specialized cells such as dendritic cells, but whether these receptors respond to fragments of endogenous molecules is not known. We tested the idea that Toll-like receptors on dendritic cells might recognize polysaccharide fragments of heparan sulfate proteoglycan. Dendritic cells were found to mature in response to heparan sulfate as measured by costimulatory protein expression, morphology, and T lymphocyte stimulation, but this maturation was absent when Toll-like receptor 4 was mutated or inhibited. These findings suggest that Toll-like receptors in vertebrates may monitor tissue well-being by recognizing fragments of endogenous macromolecules.
New automatic-gain-control system for optical receivers (1979)

A device using liquid crystals can be readily inserted in existing optical communications to simplify receiver circuitry, allow planning flexibility and simplify maintenance.
Design of Dynamic Condenser Electrometers (1947)

The theory and design considerations for dynamic condenser electrometers are presented. The main features of such instruments are simple and dependable operation, extremely low drift and high sensitivity. (10,000 divisions/volt is easily obtainable.) Also included is the description and performance of two instruments specifically designed to measure d.c. currents of the order of 10−15 ampere.
Electron Transfer-Induced Hydrogenation of Anthracene Catalyzed by Gold and Silver Nanoparticles (2007)

Anthracene hydrogenation in aqueous micellar solutions is catalyzed at room temperature by ionic-surfactant-protected gold and silver nanoparticles (NPs) with well-controlled particle sizes. When sodium borohydride was used as the hydrogen source in the presence of these NPs, the only product obtained in the reaction is 9,10-dihydroanthracene. During the course of the reaction, a blue shift in the surface plasmon resonance band of silver NPs was more prominent and lasted longer than that of gold NPs. The difference in the optical property of metal NPs was related to the charging of their surfaces, indicating that the metal NPs play a role as the nanoelectrode storing electrons from hydrides. At the same time, a remarkable size-dependence of catalytic activity was found for both gold and silver NPs. Mechanism about the electron transfer-relaying effects of metal NPs is proposed for the hydrogenation reaction.
Electroless Plalladium Plating from Monoaminodicarboxylic Acid Complex Bath Using Formic Acid as a Reducing Agent. (1998)

An electroless Palladium plating aiming “no emission” were investigated using formic acid as the reducing agent, and monoaminodicarboxylic acid as the complexing agent. Stability constants of Pd2+ complexes are log K1=15, log K2=6 for L-glutamic acid (Glu), and log K1=15, log K2=7 for L-aspartic acid (Asp). The potential-pH equilibrium diagram for Pd2+-Glu (or Asp) and HCOO--HCO3- systems indicates that electroless palladium plating is thermodynamically possible when formic acid is used as the reducing agent. These complex baths exhibited good storage stability, and pure palladium films were deposited autocatalytically. Results of testing for solderability and for electrical contact resistance indicated that electroless pure palladium plating is suitable as an alternative to electrolytic and electroless gold plating of electronic parts.
Phase I/II dose escalation study of OncoVex<sup>GM-CSF</sup> and chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in untreated stage III/IV squamous cell cancer of the head and neck (SCCHN) (2009)

6018 Background: OncoVEX GM-CSF is a gene deleted (ICP34.5-/ICP47) oncolytic HSV-1 that encodes human GM-CSF. OncoVEX GM-CSF causes direct oncolytic tumour cell destruction and immune activation by releasing tumour antigens and GM-CSF, effects that may co-operate with CRT to increase loco-regional control in SCCHN. Methods: Patients (pts): Stage III/IVA SCCHN, N1-N3, ECOG 0–1, normal haematologic, biochemical, immune function. Pts received CRT (70 Gy/35 fractions with concomitant cisplatin 100 mg/m 2 (d 1, 22, 43) and dose-escalating (10 6 , 10 6 , 10 6 , 10 6 pfu/mL [cohort 1]; 10 6 , 10 7 , 10 7 , 10 7 [cohort 2]; 10 6 , 10 8 , 10 8 , 10 8 [cohort 3]) OncoVEX GM-CSF by intratumoral injection (d 1, 22, 43, 64). Pts underwent neck dissection 6–10 weeks after CRT. Primary endpoints were safety and recommended dose/schedule for future study. Secondary endpoints were anti-tumor activity, viral replication and HSV antibody levels. Results: 17 pts were treated, 9 at the top dose (15 males, median 58 years). DLT and MTD were not reached. There were no delays to CRT delivery. 13 pts had PR or CR by CT, 5 pts achieving rapid CR following only 2 or 3 viral doses. Pathological CR was observed in 94% of pts at neck dissection. Transient low level injection site viral shedding was seen in 3 pts. HSV was detected in injected and adjacent uninjected tumors by qPCR and immunohistochemistry, including at levels higher than the input dose, indicating replication. All seronegative pts seroconverted. 11 of 17 (65%) pts remain in remission at median follow-up of 23 months. No pts had local relapse, 1 pt had a new primary tumor, 3 pts distant metastatic disease, 1 pt intercurrent disease, 1 pt lost to follow up. Conclusions: OncoVEX GM-CSF combined with cisplatin-based CRT is well tolerated in pts with SCCHN. Viral replication was confirmed. Long-term locoregional control was achieved in 100% of pts, 65% of pts remaining in complete remission. Further study is warranted. [Table: see text]
Comparison of oxidative and reductive methods for the microcoulometric determinations of sulfur in hydrocarbons (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComparison of oxidative and reductive methods for the microcoulometric determinations of sulfur in hydrocarbonsL. D. Wallace, D. W. Kohlenberger, R. J. Joyce, Robert Taylor. Moore, M. E. Riddle, and James A. McNultyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1970, 42, 3, 387–394Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60285a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60285a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views26Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>Low-cost alternative to gyroscopes for tracking-system stabilization</title> (1990)

By optimally combining the tracking sensor's output with that from a magnetohydrodynamic angular motion sensor (MHD AMS), a tracking system platform can be stabilized to high bandwidths. The MHD AMS performs the same function as a gyroscope at high frequencies, but currently lacks capability to measure very low frequency inertial angular rates. The basic characteristics and testbed capabilities of the MHD AMS are presented. Using the predicted MHD AMS noise and that expected from the tracking sensor, the pointing performance is estimated for several different applications. Cost and performance information is compared with those of typical gyroscopes used in a tracking system line-of-sight stabilization application.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Ventricular asystole due to atrial oversensing by a VVI pacemaker: VVT mode as a simple solution (2012)

Abstract We report a rare case of atrial oversensing by a VVI pacemaker that caused ventricular asystole. Changing the programming to VVT mode not only eliminated the problem but also provided atrioventricular synchrony and rate responsiveness.
Buffer and I/O resource pre-allocation for implementing batching and buffering techniques for Video-on-Demand systems (2002)

To design a cost effective VOD server, it is important to carefully manage the system resources so that the number of concurrent viewers can be maximized. Previous research results use data sharing techniques, such as batching, buffering, and piggybacking, to reduce the demand for I/O resources In a VOD system. However, these techniques still suffer from the problem that additional I/O resources are needed in the system for providing VCR functionality-without careful resource management, the benefits of these data sharing techniques can be lost. In this paper, we first introduce a model for determining the amount of resources required for supporting both normal playback and VCR functionality to satisfy predefined performance characteristics. Consequently, this model allows us to maximize the benefits of data sharing techniques. Furthermore, one important application of this model is its use in making system sizing decisions. Proper system sizing will result in a more cost-effective VOD system.