gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Path Planning of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles in Current Fields with Complex Spatial Variability: an A* Approach (2006)

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) operate in ocean environments characterized by complex spatial variability which can jeopardize their missions. To avoid this, planning safety routes with minimum energy cost is of primary importance. This work explores the benefits, in terms of energy cost, of path planning in marine environments showing certain spatial variability. Extensive computations have been carried out to calculate, by means of an A* search procedure, optimal paths on ocean environments with different length scale of eddies and different current intensities. To get statistical confidence, different realizations of the eddy field and starting-ending points of the path have been considered for each environment. Unlike previous works, the more realistic and applied case of constant thrust power navigation is considered. Results indicate that substantial energy savings of planned paths compared to straight line trajectories are obtained when the current intensity of the eddy structures and the vehicle speed are comparable. Conversely, the straight line path between starting and ending points can be considered an optimum path when the current speed does not exceed half of the vehicle velocity. In both situations, benefits of path planning seem dependent of the spatial structure of the eddy field.
Novel and cost-efficient single metallic silicide integration solution with dual Schottky-barrier achieved by aluminum inter-diffusion for FinFET CMOS technology with enhanced performance (2008)

We have developed a novel and cost-efficient silicide integration solution to achieve a hole barrier height of 215 meV and electron barrier height of 665 meV simultaneously with a single metallic silicide based on aluminum inter-diffusion. It is proposed that aluminum diffuses into PtSi and forms an alloy, which lowers the electron barrier height of PtSi due to a change in the intrinsic PtSi workfunction. Additionally, we have integrated platinum germanosilicide with an ultra-low hole barrier height of 215 meV in P-FinFETs to provide a 21% enhancement in drive current performance, which is attributed to the 20% reduction in series resistance. We have also ascertained the compatibility of PtSiGe with laser thermal annealing for further performance enhancement.
Approximate Calculation of Window Aggregate Functions via Global Random Sample (2018)

Window functions have been a part of the SQL standard since 2003 and have been studied extensively during the past decade. They are widely used in data analysis; almost all the current mainstream commercial databases support window functions. However, in recent years the size of datasets is growing steeply; the existing window function implementations are not efficient enough. Recently, some sampling-based algorithms (e.g., online aggregation) are proposed to deal with large and complex data in relational databases, which offer us a flexible trade-off between accuracy and efficiency. However, few sampling techniques has been considered for window functions in databases. In this paper, we extend our previous work (Song et al. in Asia-Pacific web and web-age information management joint conference on web and big data, Springer, pp 229–244, 2017) and proposed two new algorithms: range-based global sampling algorithm and row-labeled sampling algorithm. The proposed algorithms use global sampling rather than local sampling and are more efficient than other existing algorithms. And we find our proposed algorithms out performed the baseline method over the TPC-H benchmark dataset.
Purification and characterization of a cytosolic broad specificity beta-glucosidase from human liver. (1981)

A cytoplasmic beta-glucosidase has been isolated and purified 9,000-fold to homogeneity from the liver of a case of type 1 Gaucher's disease to a specific activity of 400,000 nmol/h/mg of protein. Although markedly elevated above control levels in this case of adult Gaucher's disease, the activity of this cytosolic liver enzyme was found to be markedly deficient in two cases of neurologic Gaucher's disease. The purification scheme employs QAE-Sephadex, DE52 cellulose, CM-Sephadex, hydroxylapatite, and Cibacron blue-Sepharose chromatography, and preparative isoelectric focusing. The beta-glucosidase preparations isolated from the liver of the case of adult Gaucher's disease and control liver have similar physical properties. Both enzymes have a molecular weight of approximately 53,000, sw,20 of 4.3, pI of 4.5-4.6, a pH optimum between 5 and 6, and a high affinity for 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (Km = 0.06-0.07 mM). The enzymes from both sources also have a broad specificity and will hydrolyze the 4-methylumbelliferyl derivatives of beta-D-galactose, beta-D-fucose, beta-D-xylose, and alpha-L-arabinose in addition to several aryl-galactosides and steroid-glucosides. The cytoplasmic beta-glucosidase will not hydrolyze glucocerebroside and shows no cross-reactivity with antibodies prepared against lysosomal glucocerebrosidase. Both cytoplasmic beta-glucosidase and glucocerebrosidase will hydrolyze 17 beta-estradiol-17'-beta-D-glucose, and the activity of both enzymes on this substrate is increased more than 15-fold in the presence of the Gaucher spleen heat-stable factor. The role of this cytoplasmic beta-glucosidase in the etiology of Gaucher's disease and its possible relationship to lysosomal glucocerebrosidase are discussed.
Antibacterial and Anticancer activity of <i>ε</i> ‐poly‐L‐lysine (<i>ε</i> ‐PL) produced by a marine <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> sp. (2012)

A marine Bacillus subtilis SDNS was isolated from sea water in Alexandria and identified using 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The bacterium produced a compound active against a number of gram negativeve bacteria. Moreover, the anticancer activity of this bacterium was tested against three different human cell lines (Hela S3, HepG2 and CaCo). The highest inhibition activity was recorded against Hela S3 cell line (77.2%), while almost no activity was recorded towards CaCo cell line. HPLC and TLC analyses supported evidence that Bacillus subtilis SDNS product is ε-poly-L-lysine. To achieve maximum production, Plackett-Burman experimental design was applied. A 1.5 fold increase was observed when Bacillus subtilis SDNS was grown in optimized medium composed of g/l: (NH(4))(2) SO(4), 15; K(2)HPO(4), 0.3; KH(2)PO(4), 2; MgSO(4) · 7 H(2)O, 1; ZnSO(4) · 7 H(2)O, 0; FeSO(4) · 7 H(2)O, 0.03; glucose, 25; yeast extract, 1, pH 6.8. Under optimized culture condition, a product value of 76.3 mg/l could be obtained. According to available literature, this is the first announcement for the production of ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) by a member of genus Bacillus.
High efficiency diffractive grating coupler based on transferred silicon nanomembrane overlay on photonic waveguide (2009)

We report here the design of a new type of high efficiency grating coupler, based on single crystalline Si nanomembrane overlay and stacking. Such high efficiency diffractive grating couplers are designed for the purpose of coupling light between single mode fibres and nanophotonic waveguides, and for the coupling between multiple photonic interconnect layers for compact three-dimensional vertical integration. Two-dimensional model simulation based on eigenmode expansion shows a diffractive power-up efficiency of 81% and a fibre coupling efficiency of 64%. With nanomembrane stacking, it is feasible to integrate the side-distributed Bragg reflector and bottom reflector, which can lead to the diffractive power-up efficiency and the fibre coupling efficiency of 97% and 73.5%, respectively. For a negatively detuned coupler, the bottom reflector is not needed, and the diffractive power-up efficiency can reach 98% over a large spectral range. The device is extremely tolerant to fabrication errors.
Stress Memorization Technique—Fundamental Understanding and Low-Cost Integration for Advanced CMOS Technology Using a Nonselective Process (2009)

In this paper, a comprehensive work toward the understanding of the stress memorization technique (SMT) is presented. The effects of the SMT upon PMOS and NMOS device performance are investigated and explained. A novel low-cost solution for a maskless SMT integration into advanced CMOS technologies is proposed, and additional device results examining the compatibility of SMT with fully silicided and metal inserted polysilicon gates are presented.
Multiple Functions of the Leucine-Rich Repeat Protein LrrA of <i>Treponema denticola</i> (2004)

The gene lrrA, encoding a leucine-rich repeat protein, LrrA, that contains eight consensus tandem repeats of 23 amino acid residues, has been identified in Treponema denticola ATCC 35405. A leucine-rich repeat is a generally useful protein-binding motif, and proteins containing this repeat are typically involved in protein-protein interactions. Southern blot analysis demonstrated that T. denticola ATCC 35405 expresses the lrrA gene, but the gene was not identified in T. denticola ATCC 33520. In order to analyze the functions of LrrA in T. denticola, an lrrA-inactivated mutant of strain ATCC 35405 and an lrrA gene expression transformant of strain ATCC 33520 were constructed. Characterization of the mutant and transformant demonstrated that LrrA is associated with the extracytoplasmic fraction of T. denticola and expresses multifunctional properties. It was demonstrated that the attachment of strain ATCC 35405 to HEp-2 cell cultures and coaggregation with Tannerella forsythensis were attenuated by the lrrA mutation. In addition, an in vitro binding assay demonstrated specific binding of LrrA to a portion of the Tannerella forsythensis leucine-rich repeat protein, BspA, which is mediated by the N-terminal region of LrrA. It was also observed that the lrrA mutation caused a reduction of swarming in T. denticola ATCC 35405 and consequently attenuated tissue penetration. These results suggest that the leucine-rich repeat protein LrrA plays a role in the attachment and penetration of human epithelial cells and coaggregation with Tannerella forsythensis. These properties may play important roles in the virulence of T. denticola.
Model-based development of an on-column PEGylation process (2015)

On-column PEGylation appears as an interesting alternative to classical solution reaction for more selective synthesis of the targeted mono-PEGylated protein. Indeed, it has the potential to inhibit the formation of the multi-PEGylated species and provide site selectivity by restricting the coupling reaction to fewer reaction sites.
Effect of Fentanyl Addition to Local Anesthetic on Peribulbar Block in Keratoplasty Sugery (2016)

Background: Peribulbar block is becoming increasingly popular in ophthalmic practice because it is simple and safer. In this study , the addition of fentanyl to peribulbar anesthesia as regard the duration and intensity of ophthalmic block is evaluated and thus the possibility of performing lengthy surgeries without the need for top-up doses.
[Fluocinolone Acetonide Reference Standard (Control 981) of National Institute of Health Sciences]. (1999)

The raw material of triamcinolone acetonide was examined for preparation of the "Triamcinolone Acetonide Reference Standard (Control 981)". The analytical data obtained were: melting point, 289 degrees C (decomposition); UV spectrum, lambda max of 238 nm; IR spectrum, same as that of the Triamcinolone Acetonide Reference Standard (Control 834); optical rotation, [alpha]D20 = +106.8 degrees; thin-layer chromatography, no impurities detected; high-performance liquid chromatography, total amount of impurities less than 0.4%; loss on drying, 1.3%; assay by HPLC, 100.1%. Based on the above results, the raw material was authorized as the Triamcinolone Acetonide Reference Standard (Control 981) of the National Institute of Health Sciences.
Chemical Characterization of Individual, Airborne Sub-10-nm Particles and Molecules (2006)

A nanoaerosol mass spectrometer (NAMS) is described for real-time characterization of individual airborne nanoparticles. The NAMS includes an aerodynamic inlet, quadrupole ion guide, quadrupole ion trap, and time-of-flight mass analyzer. Charged particles in the aerosol are drawn through the aerodynamic inlet, focused through the ion guide, and captured in the ion trap. Trapped particles are irradiated with a high-energy laser pulse to reach the "complete ionization limit" where each particle is thought to be completely disintegrated into atomic ions. In this limit, the relative signal intensities of the atomic ions give the atomic composition. The method is first demonstrated with sucrose particles produced with an electrospray generator. Under the conditions used, the particle detection efficiency (fraction of charged particles entering the inlet that are subsequently analyzed) reaches a maximum of 10(-4) at 9.5 nm in diameter and the size distribution of trapped particles has a geometric standard deviation of 1.1 based on a log-normal distribution. A method to deconvolute overlapping multiply charged ions (e.g. C3+ and O4+) is presented. When applied to sucrose spectra, the measured C/O atomic ratio is 1.1, which matches the expected ratio from the molecular formula. The spectra of singly charged bovine serum albumin (BSA) molecules are also presented, and the measured and expected C/N/O atomic ratios are within 15% of the each other. Also observed in the BSA spectra are signals from 13C and 32S which arise from 40 and approximately 34 atoms per molecule (particle), respectively. Potential applications of NAMS to atmospheric chemistry and biotechnology are briefly discussed.
Deconjugation of Bile Acids with Immobilized Genetically Engineered <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> 80(pCBH1) (2005)

Bile acids are important to normal human physiology. However, bile acids can be toxic when produced in pathologically high concentrations in hepatobileary and other diseases. This study shows that immobilized genetically engineered Lactobacillus plantarum 80 (pCBH1) (LP80 (pCBH1)) can efficiently hydrolyze bile acids and establishes a basis for their use. Results show that immobilized LP80 (pCBH1) is able to effectively break down the conjugated bile acids into glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA) and taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) with bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activities of 0.17 and 0.07 μmol DCA/mg CDW/h, respectively. The deconjugation product, deoxycholic acid (DCA), was diminished by LP80 (pCBH1) within 4 h of initial BSH activity. This in-vitro study suggests that immobilized genetically engineered bacterial cells have important potential for deconjugation of bile acids for lowering of high levels of bile acids for therapy.
Relational Learning of Pattern-Match Rules for Information Extraction. (1997)

Information extraction is a form of shallow text processing which locates a specified set of relevant items in natural language documents. Such systems can be useful, but require domain-specific knowledge and rules, and are time-consuming and difficult to build by hand, making infomation extraction a good testbed for the application of machine learning techniques to natural language processing. This paper presents a system, Rapier, that takes pairs of documents and filled templates and induces pattern-match rules that directly extract fillers for the slots in the template. The learning algorithm incorporates techniques from several inductive logic programming systems and learns unbounded patterns that include constraints on the words and part-of-speech tags surrounding the filler. Encouraging results are presented on learning to extract information from computer job postings from the newsgroup misc.jobs.offered. Introduction Text understanding is a difficult and knowledge intensive t...
Ein Interferenzverfahren zur Absolutprüfung von Planflächennormalen. I (1966)

Es wird ein Interferenzverfahren beschrieben, welches die absolute Bestimmung der Abweichungen einer Plattenoberfläche von einer idealen Ebene gestattet, ohne eine solche Ebene materiell als Vergleichsebene zu benötigen. Die Bestimmung ist zunächst auf drei um 120° versetzten Durchmessern möglich (Erweiterungen im einzelnen in Teil II [23]). Das Verfahren arbeitet mit Interferenzen am reellen Keil zwischen den Oberflächen je zweier von insgesamt drei Platten, die photographiert und graphisch-rechnerisch ausgewertet werden. Mit Zweistrahlinterferenzen und Äquidensiten wurde bisher eine Genauigkeit von 3,5 nm erreicht. Das Verfahren ist geeignet zur Prüfung bei der Herstellung von Ebenheitsnormalen und z.B. von Interferometerplatten.
Dispersion and Cut-Off Phenomena in Rods and Beams (1978)

Abstract : This study was proposed to ONR Structural Mechanics Program as a result of in-house research which led to the conclusion that uniform structural waveguides of small transverse dimensions (1) display a vanishing impedance at every modal cut-off frequency; (2) that each cut-off frequency coincides with the natural frequency of the corresponding standing-wave mode of the cross section, the modal configuration being independent of the z-coordinate defined here as the coordinate along the waveguide axis. The preliminary study was restricted to homogeneous waveguides whose cross-section and material properties are z-independent. Furthermore, as already stated the analysis was limited to waveguides whose transverse dimension was small enough to eliminate thickness vibrations, e.g. Euler beams on distributed springs, simply-supported strips, and thin cylindrical shells.
Fine-grained traffic state estimation and visualisation (2014)

Tools for visualising the current traffic state are used by local authorities for strategic monitoring of the traffic network and by everyday users for planning their journey. Popular visualisations include those provided by Google Maps and by Inrix. Both employ a traffic lights colour-coding system, where roads on a map are coloured green if traffic is flowing normally and red or black if there is congestion. New sensor technology, especially from wireless sources, is allowing resolution down to lane level. A case study is reported in which a traffic micro-simulation test bed is used to generate high-resolution estimates. An interactive visualisation of the fine-grained traffic state is presented. The visualisation is demonstrated using Google Earth and affords the user a detailed three-dimensional view of the traffic state down to lane level in real time.
Integrated vacuum packaging for low-cost lightweight uncooled microbolometer arrays (2001)

Uncooled thermal infrared sensors require to be operated in an ambient gas pressure of about 50 mTorr or less to avoid sensitivity being reduced by thermal conduction through the gas. Although sealed packages have been developed which can retain a sufficiently low internal pressure for many years, the packaging process (cleaning, assembly, pumping, baking, getter firing, sealing) and materials add significant cost and weight. Lower cost it the major reason for the development of uncooled arrays, and low weight is essential for many applications (e.g. unmanned aerial vehicles, helmet mounted applications). In response to these needs, Honeywell has developed a silicon 'Integrated Vacuum Package' (IVP) process which produces a low-cost lightweight (0.2 gram) compact vacuum package by a wafer-scale process. The IVP process basically consists of bonding a silicon 'topcap' wafer to the array wafer, to produce a bonded double-wafer with multiple arrays protected in individual vacuum packages. The double- wafer may be easily handled without damage to the protected arrays, and diced into individual dies using normal silicon dicing techniques. It has been found helpful to use an etched evacuation via, which allows wafer bonding, pumping, baking and sealing to be performed in separate stages, at their different optimum times and temperatures. The IVP process will be described, and packages suitable for linear and two- dimensional uncooled arrays will be reported, with performance and lifetime measurements.
Interaction of Surfactant and Leaf Surface in Glyphosate Absorption (1993)

The effect of oxyethylene (OE) chain length of three homologous series of nonionic surfactants (allinol, nonoxynol, octoxynol) on glyphosate uptake was markedly affected by the leaf surface fine-structure of sugarbeet and kohlrabi. Adaxial leaf surfaces of sugarbeet were covered with a layer of amorphous wax, whereas the adaxial surface of kohlrabi leaves was covered with fine crystalline wax. Foliar uptake of glyphosate (1 mM glyphosate, 20 mM glycine, pH 3.2) averaged 4% for sugarbeet without surfactant, but droplets were not retained by kohlrabi leaves in the absence of a surfactant. Glyphosate absorption with octoxynol (9 to 10 OE units, 0.5 g L −1 ) was rapid initially (0 to 2 h) and leveled off about 2 h after application in both species. Absorption by sugarbeet decreased from 12 to 3% as OE content of octoxynol was increased from 5 to 30 OE units. In contrast, surfactants of intermediate OE content (octoxynol, 16 OE units) induced the greatest uptake (17%) on kohlrabi. Leaf wetting was markedly affected by surfactant and leaf surface. As OE content of octoxynol increased from 5 to 30 OE units, droplet/leaf interface areas of 1-μl droplets decreased from 4 to 3 mm 2 on the adaxial leaf surface of sugarbeet and from 61 to 2 mm 2 on kohlrabi. Concurrently, the rate of droplet evaporation (1 μl) decreased from 1.0 to 0.7 nl s −1 on sugarbeet and 4.2 to 0.5 nl s −1 on kohlrabi leaves. The effect of OE content on enhancement of glyphosate uptake and wetting characteristics of spray solutions was similar within species for different hydrophobic moieties but differed markedly between species.
Characterization of Staphylococci with Reduced Susceptibilities to Vancomycin and Other Glycopeptides (1998)

During the last several years a series of staphylococcal isolates that demonstrated reduced susceptibility to vancomycin or other glycopeptides have been reported. We selected 12 isolates of staphylococci for which the vancomycin MICs were > or =4 microg/ml or for which the teicoplanin MICs were > or =8 microg/ml and 24 control strains for which the vancomycin MICs were < or =2 microg/ml or for which the teicoplanin MICs were < or =4 microg/ml to determine the ability of commercial susceptibility testing procedures and vancomycin agar screening methods to detect isolates with reduced glycopeptide susceptibility. By PCR analysis, none of the isolates with decreased glycopeptide susceptibility contained known vancomycin resistance genes. Broth microdilution tests held a full 24 h were best at detecting strains with reduced glycopeptide susceptibility. Disk diffusion did not differentiate the strains inhibited by 8 microg of vancomycin per ml from more susceptible isolates. Most of the isolates with reduced glycopeptide susceptibility were recognized by MicroScan conventional panels and Etest vancomycin strips. Sensititre panels read visually were more variable, although with some of the panels MICs of 8 microg/ml were noted for these isolates. Vitek results were 4 microg/ml for all strains for which the vancomycin MICs were > or =4 microg/ml. Vancomycin MICs on Rapid MicroScan panels were not predictive, giving MICs of either < or =2 or > or =16 microg/ml for these isolates. Commercial brain heart infusion vancomycin agar screening plates containing 6 microg of vancomycin per ml consistently differentiated those strains inhibited by 8 microg/ml from more susceptible strains. Vancomycin-containing media prepared in-house showed occasional growth of susceptible strains, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, and on occasion, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. Thus, strains of staphylococci with reduced susceptibility to glycopeptides, such as vancomycin, are best detected in the laboratory by nonautomated quantitative tests incubated for a full 24 h. Furthermore, it appears that commercial vancomycin agar screening plates can be used to detect these isolates.