gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OSTEOLYSIS AFTER TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY (2005)

Background: Debris displaced from the articular and backside surfaces of the polyethylene inserts of modular tibial components is considered a chief cause of osteolysis at the sites of total knee arthroplasties. One design of total knee replacement featured changes, over time, in the proximal surface roughness of the tibial baseplate and the method of sterilization of the polyethylene insert. We hypothesized that polishing the baseplate surface and sterilizing the insert with means other than gamma radiation in air had reduced the prevalence of osteolysis. Methods: Three hundred and sixty-five posterior cruciate ligament-retaining Anatomic Modular Knee primary total knee arthroplasties were performed in 300 patients from 1987 to 1998. Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the knees were made within a five to ten-year postoperative interval. Two arthroplasty specialists independently examined the radiographs for evidence of osteolysis (defined as any nonlinear region of cancellous bone loss with delineable margins). Results: Osteolysis was identified in 34% (eighty-two) of 242 knees treated with an insert that had been gamma-irradiated in air and affixed to a rough baseplate surface, and it was identified in 9% (nine) of ninety-eight knees treated with an insert that had been gamma-irradiated in an inert gas, or had not been irradiated, and joined to a polished surface. Osteolysis was associated with six factors, including one related to the patient (male gender), one related to the tibial baseplate (the proximal surface finish), three related to the polyethylene insert (the material from which it was machined, the sterilization method, and the shelf age), and one related to the technique (hyperextension of the femoral component relative to the tibial component). Conclusions: In this design of a total knee prosthesis, polishing the tibial baseplate counterface and implementing a more contemporary sterilization practice (as opposed to gamma radiation in air) noticeably diminished but did not eliminate osteolysis. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Invited Review: Spray-Dried Dairy and Dairy-Like Emulsions—Compositional Considerations (2006)

Milk constituents [caseins, whey proteins (WP), lactose, and anhydrous milk fat] are used widely in the manufacture of dehydrated dairy and dairy-like emulsions. When sodium caseinate- (NaCas) and WP-stabilized emulsions with an oil-to-protein ratio ranging from 0.25 to 5 are dehydrated, NaCas is a more effective encapsulant than WP because of its superior emulsifying properties and resistance to heat denaturation. Denaturation degree of WP during drying has been associated with increased powder surface fat and larger droplet size after reconstitution. Encapsulation of NaCas-stabilized emulsions improves in the presence of lactose; powder surface fat was reduced from 30 to <5% when lactose was added at a 1:1 ratio to NaCas in an emulsion containing 30% (wt/wt) oil. This has been related to the ability of lactose to form solid-like (or glassy) capsules during sudden dehydration. Encapsulation of WP-stabilized emulsions is not improved by addition of lactose, although there are conflicting reports in the literature. Storage stability of dehydrated dairy-like emulsions is strongly linked to lactose crystallization as release of encapsulated material occurs during storage at high relative humidities (e.g., 75%). The use of alternative carbohydrates as "matrix-forming" materials (such as maltodextrins or gum arabic) improves storage stability but compromises the emulsion droplet size after reconstitution. The composition of the powder surface has been recognized as a key parameter in dehydrated emulsion quality. It is the chemical composition of the powder surface that dictates the behavior of the bulk in terms of wettability, flowability, and stability. Analyses, using electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis of the surface of industrial milk powders and dehydrated emulsions that mimicked the composition of milk, showed that powder surface is covered mainly by fat, even when the fat content is very low (18 and 99% surface fat coverage for skim milk and whole milk powders, respectively). The functional properties of milk constituents during emulsion dehydration are far from being thoroughly understood; future research needs include a) the encapsulation properties of pure micellar casein; b) a deeper understanding of colloidal phenomena (such as changes in the oil-water and air-oil interfaces) that occur before, during, and after dehydration, which ultimately define emulsion stability after drying; and c) reconciliation of the current different views on powder surface composition.
<title>Dynamic light scattering particle-size measurements in turbid media</title> (1998)

Dynamic light scattering (DLS) particle size measurments are reported for turbid systems. These include particulate dispersions and suspensions of macromolecules in a wide (7 nm - 800 nm) particle size (diameter) range which look as transparent as water and as turbid as milk (turbidity approximately 6 - 7 orders of magnitude higher than water) and samples of lenticular and skin tissues. Our results indicate a significant improvement in achieving non-invasive, compact, robust, and remotely operated DLS probes which are able to push the envelope of DLS utilization to extremely turbid samples of a variety of particle type and size of macromolecules which were hitherto not possible.
Short Efficient Syntheses of 2,2-Dimethyl-2H-Pyranopyridines (1988)

Abstract Syntheses of [3,2-c]-,[3,2-b]-,and [2,3-c]-2,2-dimethyl-2H-pyranopyridines via Claisen rearrangement of propargyl ethers are described. An alternative approach to the [2,3-b]-isomer is reported.
Monocular Vision- and IMU-Based System for Prosthesis Pose Estimation During Total Hip Replacement Surgery (2017)

The average age of population increases worldwide, so does the number of total hip replacement surgeries. Total hip replacement, however, often involves a risk of dislocation and prosthetic impingement. To minimize the risk after surgery, we propose an instrumented hip prosthesis that estimates the relative pose between prostheses intraoperatively and ensures the placement of prostheses within a safe zone. We create a model of the hip prosthesis as a ball and socket joint, which has four degrees of freedom (DOFs), including 3-DOF rotation and 1-DOF translation. We mount a camera and an inertial measurement unit (IMU) inside the hollow ball, or "femoral head prosthesis," while printing customized patterns on the internal surface of the socket, or "acetabular cup." Since the sensors were rigidly fixed to the femoral head prosthesis, measuring its motions poses a sensor ego-motion estimation problem. By matching feature points in images of the reference patterns, we propose a monocular vision based method with a relative error of less than 7% in the 3-DOF rotation and 8% in the 1-DOF translation. Further, to reduce system power consumption, we apply the IMU with its data fused by an extended Kalman filter to replace the camera in the 3-DOF rotation estimation, which yields a less than 4.8% relative error and a 21.6% decrease in power consumption. Experimental results show that the best approach to prosthesis pose estimation is a combination of monocular vision-based translation estimation and IMU-based rotation estimation, and we have verified the feasibility and validity of this system in prosthesis pose estimation.
Considerations for Optimum Fracture Geometry Design (1988)

Summary This paper gives production forecasts for (1) various equal-proppant-volume fracture geometries with various formation permeabilities, (2) equal fracture lengths with different proppant volumes, and (3) equal fracture lengths and proppant volumes with various proppant distributions. It shows conditions when Prats' relationship for maximum productivity is true and when higher values of dimensionless fracture conductivity are beneficial. These should give the design engineer useful tools when optimizing fracture design.
Biochemical Aspects of 2-Keto-<scp>l</scp>-gulonate Accumulation from 2,5-Diketo-<scp>d</scp>-gluconate by<i>Corynebacterium</i>sp. and Its Mutants (1987)

Corynebacterium sp. SHS 0007 accumulated 2-keto-l-gulonate and 2-keto-d-gluconate simultaneously with 2,5-diketo-d-gluconate utilization. This strain, however, possibly metabolized 2,5- diketo-d-gluconate through two pathways leading to d-gluconate as a common intermediate: via 2- keto-d-gluconate, and via 2-keto-l-gulonate, l-idonate and 5-keto-d-gluconate. A polysaccharide- negative, 2-keto-l-gulonate-negative and 5-keto-d-gluconate-negative mutant produced only calcium 2-keto-l-gulonate from calcium 2,5-diketo-d-gluconate, in a 90.5 mol% yield. The addition of a hydrogen donor such as d-glucose was essential for its production. This mutant possessed the direct oxidation route of d-glucose to d-gluconate, the pentose cycle pathway and a possible Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway, indicating that d-glucose was metabolized through these three pathways and provided NADPH for the reduction of 2,5-diketo-d-gluconate.
A brief introduction to liberty (2002)

This document gives an introduction to the Liberty Version 1 specifications. It briefly discusses some of the underlying technologies, including HTTP, the establishment of web connections, and SSL. Liberty version 1 technologies are presented in overview, along with a brief discussion of Liberty security characteristics, including a review of the risks in single sign-on systems.
Characterization of Olive‐Leaf Phenolics by ESI‐MS and Evaluation of their Antioxidant Capacities by the CAT Assay (2009)

Abstract Olive leaves are a very abundant vegetable material containing various phenolic compounds, such as secoiridoids and flavonoids, that are expected to exert strong antioxidant capacity. However, little is known about the variation of olive‐leaf phenolic composition during maturation and its influence on antioxidant capacity. To answer this question, young and mature Olea Europaea L. leaves were submitted to successive extraction with dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol, then characterized by ESI‐MS. It appeared that mature olive‐leaf extracts contained higher levels of verbascoside isomers and glucosylated forms of luteolin, while young ones presented higher contents of oleuropein, ligstroside, and flavonoid aglycones. Moreover, antioxidant capacity evaluation using our newly developed conjugated autoxidizable triene assay showed that, in a lipid‐based emulsified system, this phenolic composition variation leads to a change in the ability of extracts to counteract lipid oxidation. Mature olive‐leaf extracts exhibit higher antioxidant capacity than young olive‐leaf extracts. This result enables us to hypothesize that two main bioconversion scenarios may occur during maturation of olive leaves, which could explain changes observed in antioxidant capacity: (1) a bioconversion of oleuropein and ligstroside into verbascoside isomers and oleuroside, and (2) a bioconversion of flavonoid aglycones into glucosylated forms of luteolin. Finally, this study leads to a better understanding of the relationship between phenolic profile and antioxidant capacity of olive leaves.
Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure (<i>S</i>)-Methanocarbaribo Uracil Nucleoside Derivatives for Use as Antiviral Agents and P2Y Receptor Ligands (2008)

We have developed an approach toward enantiomerically pure (S)-methanocarba ribonucleosides based on several functional group transformations on a sensitive bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane system. D-ribose was transformed into methanocarba alcohol 3 followed by conversion of the OH group to a nitrile with inversion of configuration at C4. The nitrile group was subsequently reduced in two stages to the 5'-hydroxymethyl group. An ester group appended to a tertiary carbon (C1) was transformed to an amino group as a nucleobase precursor.
Cultivation and characterisation of avian lymphocytes with natural killer cell activity (1986)

Conditioned medium (CM), as a presumed source of lymphokines including interleukin-2, was prepared from chicken spleen cell cultures stimulated with concanavalin A (con A). When CM was used to cultivate spleen cells from 6- to 8-week-old P-2 chickens, eight of nine spleens yielded cell lines which grew continuously for at least 50 days. Six of the cultures were tested for natural killer (NK) cell activity against LSCC-RP9, a lymphoblastoid cell known to be susceptible to NK cells, and against several Marek's disease lymphoblastoid cell lines (MDCC-CU2, -CU36 and -MSB-1). All six cultures lysed the RP9 cells in a chromium release assay with high levels of specific release (30 to 50%) at effector cell to target cell ratios of 5:1 or 10:1. CU2 and CU36, which are NK-cell resistant, were not lysed, while there was a low level of specific activity against MSB-1. The cells were characterised for surface and internal antigens with monoclonal antibodies and were negative for thymocyte antigen, IgM, a T cell antigen also present on granulocytes and red blood cells, and two antigens found in macrophages. Two of the six lines examined had a low number of cells expressing la antigen, while the other four were negative. An antigen present on circulating T cells and a macrophage (sub)population was present on all lines. The majority of the cells had the morphological appearance of mammalian large granular lymphocytes (LGL) with a rather small kidney-shaped nucleus. Granules and vacuoles were present in the cytoplasm. However, there was a variable percentage of lymphoblastoid (LB) cells also present. Cell lines established with CM from con A-stimulated spleen lymphocytes in other studies were also shown to have high levels of NK activity regardless of the relative proportions of cells with the morphological appearance of LGLs or LBs, or the relative frequency of expression of the two T cell markers or la antigen, all of which varied markedly.
The ChemCam Instrument Suite on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Rover: Body Unit and Combined System Tests (2012)

ou non, manant des tablissements d'enseignement et de recherche franais ou trangers, des laboratoires publics ou privs.
Isometric Tensions Developed During the Hydrothermal Swelling of Rat Skin (1980)

Isometric tensions developed in connective tissue under the influence of temperature have previously been measured by their effect on a "shrinkage" phenomenon observed along the main axis of the collagen fibers. A new device, built and tested in our laboratory enabled us to obtain isometric tension curves by measuring a "swelling" phenomenon observed in other directions. Curves recorded in the two systems have been compared. Shapes were unchanged and the parameters chosen to define these morphologies showed the same values in both types of experiments. The parameters, which are independent of maximal tension, were also found to be independent of the total collagen content of the sample. Interpretation of the results suggests that these parameters depend not only on the nature but also on the density of the collagen crosslinks. The new device is applicable to minute tissue samples, whatever their fragility and fiber orientation.
Anisotropic nanocrystalline MnBi with high coercivity at high temperature (2011)

Magnetic hard nanocrystalline MnBi has been prepared by melt spinning and subsequent low temperature annealing. A coercivity of 2.5 T can be achieved at 540 K for MnBi with an average grain size of about 20-30 nm. The coercivity iHc, mainly controlled by the coherent magnetization rotation, shows a strong dependence on the time of grinding and exhibits a positive temperature coefficient from 100 up to 540 K. The unique temperature dependent behavior of the coercivity (magnetocrystalline anisotropy) has a relationship with the variations in the crystal lattice ratio of c/a with temperatures. In addition, discontinuity can not be found in the lattice parameters of a, c, and c/a ratio at the magnetostructural transition temperature. The nanocrystalline MnBi powder fixed in an epoxy resin and under an applied magnetic field of 24 kOe shows a maximum energy product of 7.1 MGOe at room temperature and shows anisotropic characteristics with high Mr/Ms ratio up to 560 K.
Application of line-sampling multiframe stroboscopy for dynamic observation of magnetic domains in Si steels (1985)

A line-sampling multiframe stroboscopic observation system was attached to a commercial-type 200-kV scanning electron microscope for dynamic observation of ferromagnetic domains in grain-oriented 3% silicon steels with orientation near (110) [001]. This technique has enabled the individual stroboscopic image, at different phases of drive field, to be observed on a display tube simultaneously, leading to a more comprehensive understanding of core-loss characteristics of the silicon steels magnetized at commercial frequency in practical use. The observation has clearly revealed that uniform displacement of domain walls according to the alternating magnetization at commercial frequency leads to lower core losses during operation.
Incorporation of system resolution compensation (RC) in the ordered-subset transmission (OSTR) algorithm for transmission imaging in SPECT (2006)

In order to reconstruct attenuation maps with improved spatial resolution and quantitative accuracy, we developed an approximate method of incorporating system resolution compensation (RC) in the ordered-subset transmission (OSTR) algorithm for transmission reconstruction. Our method approximately models the blur caused by the finite intrinsic detector resolution, the nonideal source collimation and detector collimation. We derived the formulation using the optimization transfer principle as in the derivation of the OSTR algorithm. The formulation includes one forward-blur step and one back-blur step, which do not severely slow down reconstruction. The formulation could be applicable to various transmission geometries, such as point-source, line-source, and sheet-source systems. Through computer simulations of the MCAT phantom and transmission measurements of the air-filled Data Spectrum Deluxe single photo emission computed tomography (SPECT) Phantom on a system which employed a cone-beam geometry and a system which employed a scanning-line-source geometry, we showed that incorporation of RC increased spatial resolution and improved the quantitative accuracy of reconstruction. In simulation studies, attenuation maps reconstructed with RC correction improved the quantitative accuracy of emission reconstruction.
AI in material design-an expert system for construction of composite material (2002)

An application of artificial intelligence to composite materials design is presented. An expert system for materials optimization is illustrated. This system has to process different types of knowledge: mathematical setups and models, finite element analysis (FEM), and heuristic and fuzzy knowledge. For proper operation and useful results the system contains links to databases and external systems like: materials databases, corrosion databases, and databases/systems with knowledge properties, compatibility, corrosion behavior, etc. A first prototype of the system was implemented using the expert system shell KEE. The system is under test and first results show that it can be used as an adequate tool for composite materials design and optimization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>Mechanical properties of a NiTi-Pd high-temperature shape memory alloy</title> (1994)

Mechanical tests have been conducted to characterize the shape memory effect and mechanical properties of a NiTi-20 at%Pd high temperature shape memory alloy. The experimental results show that the ratio of the Young's modulus of martensite to austenite is 0.58. The ratio of the yield stress of the martensite to austenite phase is 0.62 and the fully reversible strain is 3%. These values indicate that the shape memory properties of the NiTi-Pd alloys is not as good as those of the NiTi binary alloys. The mechanical properties of the alloy also demonstrate that the ductility of the alloy is significantly lower than that of the NiTi binary alloy. Further studies should be carried out to improve the shape memory effect and enhance the ductility of the alloy.
ZnO as transparent conducting oxide by Atomic Layer Deposition (2013)

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) films were deposited on SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Si and glass substrates by Atomic Layer Deposition using Diethylzinc (DEZ) as the metal precursor and Water (H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O) as the oxidant over a temperature range of 75°C to 225°C. Here we demonstrated self limiting behavior of the Atomic Layer Deposition and the linear growth of the deposited films by in-situ quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) study. The maximum growth rate was found to be ~1.8 to 2 Å per ALD cycle. The as deposited crystalline ZnO films were found to be c-axis preferentially oriented with dense microstructures, homogeneous grain sizes and low surface roughness. We developed ZnO as ~ 80% transparent conductor with carrier density ca. 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> and a controllable resistivity from the intrinsic level (highly insulating) to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> Ω-cm without any intentional doping.
Performance estimations of mobile terminal location with database correlation in UMTS networks (2003)

The most important cellular location application area is security service, where new terminals must support location within 50-150 meters. Only GPS or short-range systems provide the ultimate resolution below 10 m. The coarse-level location can rely on cell identification. More accurate methods are based on time or time difference of arrival, angle of arrival or signal strength measurements. Multipath propagation, the lack of a line-of-sight path and the hearability problem may hamper OTDOA-type performance in UMTS. The database correlation method (DCM) enables positioning with fewer measurements and avoids multipath problems. The idea is to use a previously collected signal database from the coverage area. The telephone measures the same parameter and sends it to the location server. Position is determined by correlation, which compares the measured and stored signal parameters. DCM can exploit the wide UMTS bandwidth by using the measured power delay profiles and location estimation is possible by using only one base station. Results imply a need of two different measurement layers: signal strength and power delay profile. Direction measurements can further narrow the possible physical area. The drawbacks are the unstandardized measurement procedure of the power delay profile, its reporting and initial field measurements. Our simulations with 24 sites and 57 cells indicate DCM accuracy within 25 meters (67 percent) and within 188 meters (95 percent).