gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impaired production of <i>gamma</i>-interferon by newborn cells in vitro is due to a functionally immature macrophage. (1985)

The decreased production of gamma-(PHA-induced) interferon (IFN) by leukocytes of normal newborns could be due to functionally immature T cells, macrophages, or both. We studied gamma-IFN production by macrophages and T cells, alone and in combination, obtained from 50 cord blood samples and 14 adult blood samples in a series of experiments. Adherent macrophages were cultivated for 7 days before the addition of T cells. After 48 hr, PHA-stimulated macrophage-T cell supernatants were harvested and assayed for IFN by a microassay. Macrophage-T cell cultures of autologous and nonautologous cells in 14 adults showed enhanced IFN production (GMT 121 +/- 5 IU) as compared with Ficoll-Hypaque mononuclear cells (GMT 42 +/- 5 IU). No IFN was detected in supernatants from PHA-stimulated Ficoll-Hypaque cord cells alone or macrophage-T cord combined cultures. Combined cord macrophages and adult T cells produced minimal IFN (GMT 13 +/- 3 IU); however, cord T cells combined with adult macrophages showed enhanced IFN production (GMT 195 +/- 47 IU). This cord macrophage dysfunction was not due to an inhibitor and improved with the time of in vitro cultivation. These results indicate that the neonatal macrophage is primarily responsible for the impaired gamma-IFN response by the newborn cells.
Molecular Switching in the Near Infrared (NIR) with a Functionalized Boron–Dipyrromethene Dye (2001)

The highly fluorescent, unsymmetrically substituted boron–dipyrromethene dye 1 shows emission features that are strongly dependent on the solvent polarity. Thus, 1 can be used for highly sensitive fluorometric probing of solvent polarity and acidity and furthermore can be switched chemically or electrochemically in the near infrared.
Fine-grained vehicle type recognition based on deep convolution neural networks (2017)

Public security and traffic department put forward higher requirements for real-time performance and accuracy of vehicle type recognition in complex traffic scenes. Aiming at the problems of great plice forces occupation, low retrieval efficiency, and lacking of intelligence for dealing with false license, fake plate vehicles and vehicles without plates, this paper proposes a vehicle type fine-grained recognition method based GoogleNet deep convolution neural networks. The filter size and numbers of convolution neural network are designed, the activation function and vehicle type classifier are optimally selected, and a new network framework is constructed for vehicle type fine-grained recognition. The experimental results show that the proposed method has 97% accuracy for vehicle type fine-grained recognition and has greater improvement than the original GoogleNet model. Moreover, the new model effectively reduces the number of training parameters, and saves computer memory. Fine-grained vehicle type recognition can be used in intelligent traffic management area, and has important theoretical research value and practical significance.
Innovative Drone Selfie System and Implementation (2017)

This paper proposes an innovative and first system in the world for the drone to conduct the assigned selfie-mission in a fully autonomous manner. In this system, the users can select a number of photo-templates on the APP and then the drone will autonomously fly to required positions to take the photos. In the selfie-photo templates, human stays in varied position, viewing angles, and distances to the drone inside the images. Human selects a preferable template, and then the drone will fly and shoot one photo that matches all parameters to the template without any manual control. The selfie drone system transforms the selected photo template into parameters which are subsequently used to perform the image-based visual servoing based control to enable the drone to fly to necessary position to shoot the requested selfie-photo in a fully autonomous manner. The innovative drone selfie system has been proven effective in a number of experiments.
Characterization techniques for nanoparticles: comparison and complementarity upon studying nanoparticle properties (2018)

Nanostructures have attracted huge interest as a rapidly growing class of materials for many applications. Several techniques have been used to characterize the size, crystal structure, elemental composition and a variety of other physical properties of nanoparticles. In several cases, there are physical properties that can be evaluated by more than one technique. Different strengths and limitations of each technique complicate the choice of the most suitable method, while often a combinatorial characterization approach is needed. In addition, given that the significance of nanoparticles in basic research and applications is constantly increasing, it is necessary that researchers from separate fields overcome the challenges in the reproducible and reliable characterization of nanomaterials, after their synthesis and further process (e.g. annealing) stages. The principal objective of this review is to summarize the present knowledge on the use, advances, advantages and weaknesses of a large number of experimental techniques that are available for the characterization of nanoparticles. Different characterization techniques are classified according to the concept/group of the technique used, the information they can provide, or the materials that they are destined for. We describe the main characteristics of the techniques and their operation principles and we give various examples of their use, presenting them in a comparative mode, when possible, in relation to the property studied in each case.
Molecular Modeling (1994)

The changes which are being realized in the food and agricultural product areas suggest that the time is appropriate to consider transfer of technology to assist in the rational design of new products and assessment of potential benefit and risk. In this overview we present an introduction to where molecular modeling is today and where it's evolution is headed in terms of hardware and software capabilities. The difficult issues involved in complex problem-solving are identified in terms of relevant research goals to reveal value in identifying and solving the correct problem to reach these goals. The value in looking to new methodologies and applications is also described.
Retinoids. 6. Preparation of alkyl- and trimethylsilyl-substituted retinoids via conjugate addition of cuprates to acetylenic esters (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRetinoids. 6. Preparation of alkyl- and trimethylsilyl-substituted retinoids via conjugate addition of cuprates to acetylenic estersLudger Ernst, Henning Hopf, and Norbert KrauseCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 3, 398–405Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00379a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00379a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views278Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Output power levels from mobile phones in different geographical areas; implications for exposure assessment (2004)

In rural areas where base stations are sparse, the output power level used by mobile phones are on average considerably higher than in more densely populated areas. A quantitative assessment of individual exposure to radiofrequency fields is important for epidemiological studies of possible health effects for many reasons. Degree of urbanisation may be an important parameter to consider in the assessment of radiofrequency exposure from mobile phone use.
Immunodeficiency in the chicken. IV. An immunological study of infectious bursal disease. (1976)

Chickens inoculated orally with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) 1 day after hatching subsequently showed a 50% incidence of immunodeficiency but little mortality. Antibody responses against IBDV and to immunization with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) or human serum albumin (HSA) were suppressed. Serum IgG concentration was decreased while IgM occurred exclusively in its 7S monomeric form (mIgM). An allotypic marker of chicken IgM (Mla) was lacking in mIgM derived from IBDV-infected birds. The loss of Mla occurred gradually in several birds between 3 and 12 weeks after perinatal infection. Inoculation of IBDV into chickens 3 weeks after hatching resulted in 50% mortality level but little immunodeficiency. Paradoxically, the serum IgG concentration was elevated, in comparison with normal birds. Histology of the bursa showed permanent hypo- or aplasia of follicles irrespective of the age of infection. The results suggest that bursal but not peripheral B cells are targets for IBDV, and immunodeficiency results from impaired peripheral seeding of B cells in infected juvenile chickens.
Congregation of Orthopoxvirus Virions in Cytoplasmic A-Type Inclusions Is Mediated by Interactions of a Bridging Protein (A26p) with a Matrix Protein (ATIp) and a Virion Membrane-Associated Protein (A27p) (2010)

Some orthopoxviruses, e.g., the cowpox, ectromelia, and raccoonpox viruses, form large, discrete cytoplasmic inclusions within which mature virions (MVs) are embedded by a process called occlusion. These inclusions, which may protect occluded MVs in the environment, are composed of aggregates of the A-type inclusion protein (ATIp), which is truncated in orthopoxviruses such as vaccinia virus (VACV) and variola virus that fail to form inclusions. In addition to an intact ATIp, occlusion requires the A26 protein (A26p). Although VACV contains a functional A26p, determined by complementation of a cowpox virus occlusion-defective mutant, its role in occlusion was unknown. We found that restoration of the full-length ATI gene was sufficient for VACV inclusion formation and the ensuing occlusion of MVs. A26p was present in inclusions even when virion assembly was inhibited, suggesting a direct interaction of A26p with ATIp. Analysis of a panel of ATIp mutants indicated that the C-terminal repeat region was required for inclusion formation and the N-terminal domain for interaction with A26p and occlusion. A26p is tethered to MVs via interaction with the A27 protein (A27p); A27p was not required for association of A26p with ATIp but was necessary for occlusion. In addition, the C-terminal domain of A26p, which mediates A26p-A27p interactions, was necessary but insufficient for occlusion. Taken together, the data suggest a model for occlusion in which A26p has a bridging role between ATIp and A27p, and A27p provides a link to the MV membrane.
Hall carrier density and magnetoresistance measurements in thin-film vanadium dioxide across the metal-insulator transition (2009)

Temperature-dependent magnetotransport measurements in magnetic fields of up to 12 T were performed on thin-film vanadium dioxide $({\text{VO}}_{2})$ across the metal-insulator transition (MIT). The Hall carrier density increases by 4 orders of magnitude at the MIT and accounts almost entirely for the resistance change. The Hall mobility varies little across the MIT and remains low, $\ensuremath{\sim}0.1\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{2}/\text{V}\text{ }\text{sec}$. Electrons are found to be the major carriers on both sides of the MIT. Small positive magnetoresistance in the semiconducting phase is measured.
Galanin--a neuroendocrine peptide. (1993)

Galanin is a widely distributed 29/30 amino acid long neuropeptide with multiple biological effects. It inhibits glucose-induced insulin release, hippocampal acetylcholine release, hippocampal glutamate but not GABA release, and it lowers spinal excitability and firing of locus coeruleus neurons. It stimulates food (fat) intake and growth hormone release upon hypothalamic or i.c.v. injection. Galanin actions are mediated via high affinity Gi/G0 protein-coupled receptors--involving effector systems such as K(+)-, Ca(2+)-channels and adenylate cyclase. Galanin receptor agonists are thought to have therapeutic application in treatment of chronic pain and prevention of ischemic damage; galanin receptor antagonists have therapeutic potential in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, depression, and feeding disorders.
Changes of Intestinal Functions in Liver Cirrhosis (2016)

This review summarizes major achievements regarding intestinal dysfunction in cirrhosis for future gastroenterology research. The question of whether this intestinal barrier dysfunction is accompanied and/or at least partly caused by structural and functional changes in the epithelial tight junction proteins is as yet unsolved. Development of new strategies to modulate gut-liver interaction is urgently needed.
A simple procedure for optimising the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using modified Taguchi methods (1994)

Taguchi methods are used widely as the basis for development trials during industrial process design. Here, we describe their suitability for optimisation of the PCR. Unlike conventional strategies, these arrays revealed the effects and interactions of specific reaction components simultaneously using just a few reactions, negating the need for extensive experimental investigation. Reaction components which effected product yield were easily determined. In addition, this technique was applied to the qualitative investigation of RAPD-PCR profiles, where optimisation of the size and distribution of a number of products was determined.
Chemistry simulations and embodied cognition: Exploring design, model generation, and collaboration (2005)

The GEM cycle is a teaching approach with the objective of fostering understanding of unobservable phenomena in science, such as electricity, cellular respiration, or molecular structures. Simulations have enabled science students to experience and support the development of mental models. Traditionally, computer simulations have been used to support individual learning and inquiry, the cognitive advantages of paired and small group collaboration is becoming more apparent. Embodied cognition is a theoretical approach of relevance to learning contexts which defines cognition as embodied within one’s interaction with their environment. We have identified several objectives for enriched understanding in the research field of science education and student dyad collaboration. Our overall goal is to further understand how students develop conceptual understanding in the context of these interactions using a novel chemistry simulation designed by our research team. We have developed a number of research questions that study student collaboration and the possible emergence of shared understanding and mental model construction. Our preliminary research is designed to empirically evaluate our questions and facilitate the design of educational simulations for collaboration. Author Keywords Simulations, embodied cognition, Discourse, common
Cooperative activation of cardiac transcription through myocardin bridging of paired MEF2 sites (2017)

Enhancers frequently contain multiple binding sites for the same transcription factor. These homotypic binding sites often exhibit synergy, whereby the transcriptional output from two or more binding sites is greater than the sum of the contributions of the individual binding sites alone. Although this phenomenon is frequently observed, the mechanistic basis for homotypic binding site synergy is poorly understood. Here, we identify a bona fide cardiac-specific <i>Prkaa2</i> enhancer that is synergistically activated by homotypic MEF2 binding sites. We show that two MEF2 sites in the enhancer function cooperatively due to bridging of the MEF2C-bound sites by the SAP domain-containing co-activator protein myocardin, and we show that paired sites buffer the enhancer from integration site-dependent effects on transcription <i>in vivo</i> Paired MEF2 sites are prevalent in cardiac enhancers, suggesting that this might be a common mechanism underlying synergy in the control of cardiac gene expression <i>in vivo</i>.
Vinegar by Submerged Oxidative Fermentation (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVinegar by Submerged Oxidative FermentationOtto Hromatka and Heinrich EbnerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1959, 51, 10, 1279–1280Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50598a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50598a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views585Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Optimal power flow with distributed energy storage dynamics (2011)

Restructuring of the electric power industry along with mandates to integrate renewable energy sources is introducing new challenges for electric power systems and the power grid. Intermittent power sources in particular require mitigation strategies in order to maintain consistent power on the electric grid. We investigate distributed energy storage as one such strategy. Our model for optimal power flow consists of simple charge/discharge dynamics for energy storage collocated with load and/or generation buses cast as a finite-time optimal control problem. We illustrate the effects of energy storage using a modified version of the IEEE 14 bus benchmark example along with time-varying demand profiles. We use both time-invariant and demand based cost functions. The addition of energy storage along with demand based cost functions significantly reduces the generation costs and flattens the generation profiles.
The importance of adequate serum ferritin levels during oral cyproterone acetate and ethinyl oestradiol treatment of diffuse androgen‐dependent alopecia in women (1992)

Patients treated with the anti-androgen cyproterone acetate and ethinyl oestradiol respond best when serum ferritin is above 40 micrograms/l.
Concurrent genesis of color and electrical conductivity in leathers through <i>in‐situ</i> polymerization of aniline for smart product applications (2015)

We present a simple method to produce self‐colored and conducting leathers using in‐situ polymerization of aniline with ammonium persulfate as oxidant and hydrochloric acid as dopant. The structural and morphological features of treated leathers were examined using Fourier transformed infra‐red spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopic analyses. Results suggest the deposition of conducting emeraldine salt form of polyaniline on the leather substrate rather than other poorly conducting states. We also show that the treated leathers are bluish green through reflectance measurements thereby suggesting that the use of toxic and expensive dyes can be avoided for coloration process. Further, we demonstrate that a maximum electrical conductivity of 0.15 S/cm is obtained for the leather treated with optimal experimental conditions, which aids its application to operate touch‐screen devices. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prognosis of patients with core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia after first relapse (2013)

Core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia is known to have a favorable prognosis, however, there have been no detailed analyses on prognostic factors after first relapse. Using a nationwide database, we retrospectively analyzed core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia patients who relapsed after being treated with chemotherapy alone during their first complete remission. Of a total of 397 patients who were diagnosed with core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia, 208 experienced a first relapse, and analyses were performed in 139 patients for whom additional data were available. In the entire cohort, the overall survival rate after relapse was 48% at 3 years. By multivariate analysis, younger age at diagnosis, a longer interval before relapse, and inv(16) were shown to be independently associated with better survival after relapse. Although there was no significant difference in survival after relapse between patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation and those who did not in the overall series of relapsed patients, we found that transplantation significantly improved survival among patients who had t(8;21) (54% versus 26% at 3 years, P=0.002). In addition, among patients with t(8;21), those who had different cytogenetics at relapse had a significantly improved survival after transplantation, while those who had same cytogenetics did not. We showed that the prognosis differs significantly and optimal treatment strategies may vary between groups of patients with core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia with different cytogenetic profiles at relapse. These findings may help to guide therapeutic decisions after first relapse.
Modulating Photoluminescence of Monolayer Molybdenum Disulfide by Metal–Insulator Phase Transition in Active Substrates (2016)

The atomic thickness and flatness allow properties of 2D semiconductors to be modulated with influence from the substrate. Reversible modulation of these properties requires an "active," reconfigurable substrate, i.e., a substrate with switchable functionalities that interacts strongly with the 2D overlayer. In this work, the photoluminescence (PL) of monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2 ) is modulated by interfacing it with a phase transition material, vanadium dioxide (VO2 ). The MoS2 PL intensity is enhanced by a factor of up to three when the underlying VO2 undergoes the thermally driven phase transition from the insulating to metallic phase. A nonvolatile, reversible way to rewrite the PL pattern is also demonstrated. The enhancement effect is attributed to constructive optical interference when the VO2 turns metallic. This modulation method requires no chemical or mechanical processes, potentially finding applications in new switches and sensors.