gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solution-Processed Flexible ITO-Free Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Using Patterned Polymeric Anodes (2010)

We discuss a thin-film spin-coating and patterning process of a conductive polymer electrode for flexible organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). For the polymeric anode, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) has been spin coated on a non-ionic surfactant layer that was pre-coated on the polyethersulfone (PES) substrate. A peel-off method has then been employed to pattern the conductive polymer anode without UV irradiation or heat treatment involved. A peel-off pattern is induced by different adhesion energy among a hydrophobic flexible substrate, a hydrophilic polymeric anode layer, and an adhesive film peeler that is in contact with the polymer anode. With this process technology, we have successfully fabricated solution-processed flexible green OLEDs, showing a peak luminescence of 6000 and a maximum current efficiency of 16.2 cd/A.
Simultaneous analysis of c‐<i>erb</i>B‐2 expression and DNA content in breast cancer using flow cytometry (1994)

The c-erbB-2 oncogene is frequently amplified and overexpressed in human breast cancer. We have studied the c-erbB-2 protein in conjunction with DNA content in frozen samples from breast cancers using flow cytometry. The cell suspensions were obtained by mechanical disaggregation followed by a short fixation in 1% paraformaldehyde. The level of c-erbB-2 expression was calculated as a fluorescence index, taking into account the relative amount of total cellular fluorescence compared to nonspecific fluorescence. The flow cytometric value correlated with immunohistochemical results obtained with the same monoclonal antibody (c-neu, clone 9G6). Overexpression of c-erbB-2 was significantly more frequent in DNA aneuploid tumors than in DNA diploid ones and correlated with increasing S-phase fraction and estrogen receptor negativity. In 10 DNA multiploid tumors, the different aneuploid stemlines uniformly expressed c-erbB-2, supporting the hypothesis that overexpression is an early event in breast cancer. Of the 172 tumors, the 37 (22%) judged as positive with immunohistochemistry showed a somewhat higher rate of distant recurrence than others (P = 0.14). The fluorescence index was significantly associated with prognosis (P = 0.0012), as it was also among the immunohistochemically positive cases. If the degree of overexpression is important, then flow cytometry could be a feasible technique for classification.
The Phospholipase Cγ1-dependent Pathway of FcϵRI-mediated Mast Cell Activation Is Regulated Independently of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (2003)

Mast cell degranulation following Fc epsilon RI aggregation is generally believed to be dependent on phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase)-mediated phospholipase C (PLC)gamma activation. Here we report evidence that the PLC gamma 1-dependent pathway of Fc epsilon RI-mediated activation of mast cells is independent of PI 3-kinase activation. In primary cultures of human mast cells, Fc epsilon RI aggregation induced a rapid translocation and phosphorylation of PLC gamma 1, and subsequent inositol trisphosphate (IP3) production, which preceded PI 3-kinase-related signals. In addition, although PI 3-kinase-mediated responses were completely inhibited by wortmannin, even at high concentrations, this PI 3-kinase inhibitor had no effect on parameters of Fc epsilon RI-mediated PLC gamma activation, and had little effect on the initial increase in intracellular calcium levels that correlated with PLC gamma activation. Wortmannin, however, did produce a partial (approximately 50%) concentration-dependent inhibition of Fc epsilon RI-mediated degranulation in human mast cells and a partial inhibition of the later calcium response at higher concentrations. Further studies, conducted in mast cells derived from the bone marrow of mice deficient in the p85 alpha and p85 beta subunits of PI 3-kinase, also revealed no defects in Fc epsilon RI-mediated PLC gamma 1 activation. These data are consistent with the conclusion that the PLC gamma-dependent component of Fc epsilon RI-mediated calcium flux leading to degranulation of mast cells is independent of PI 3-kinase. However, PI 3-kinase may contribute to the later phase of Fc epsilon RI-mediated degranulation in human mast cells.
Displays for HDTV: direct-view CRT's and projection systems (1994)

This paper reviews the display requirements of consumer HDTV and four display technologies that are expected to have significant roles in the initial phases of the evolving HDTV service. These four are: direct-view CRT's and projectors based on CRT's, LCD's, and DMD's. A systems overview is provided for each technology and the discussion is focused on the primary advantages and disadvantages of each, based on their fundamental physical characteristics and key operating principles.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Relationship-Embedded Representation Learning for Grounding Referring Expressions (2019)

Grounding referring expressions in images aims to locate the object instance in an image described by a referring expression. It involves a joint understanding of natural language and image content, and is essential for a range of visual tasks related to human-computer interaction. As a language-to-vision matching task, the core of this problem is to not only extract all the necessary information (i.e., objects and the relationships among them) in both the image and referring expression, but also make full use of context information to align cross-modal semantic concepts in the extracted information. Unfortunately, existing work on grounding referring expressions fails to accurately extract multi-order relationships from the referring expression and associate them with the objects and their related contexts in the image. In this paper, we propose a Cross-Modal Relationship Extractor (CMRE) to adaptively highlight objects and relationships (spatial and semantic relations) related to the given expression with a cross-modal attention mechanism, and represent the extracted information as a language-guided visual relation graph. In addition, we propose a Gated Graph Convolutional Network (GGCN) to compute multimodal semantic contexts by fusing information from different modes and propagating multimodal information in the structured relation graph. Experimental results on three common benchmark datasets show that our Cross-Modal Relationship Inference Network, which consists of CMRE and GGCN, significantly surpasses all existing state-of-the-art methods. Code is available at https://github.com/sibeiyang/sgmn/tree/master/lib/cmrin_models
The Law and Labour Relations : A Reaction to the Rand Report (2005)

After having recalled some basic principles in the field of labour relations, the author, a practician with more than thirty years of experience, deals with subjects such as the right to strike, the need for law and industrial unrest in Canada.
Long Time Isothermal Embrittlement in 3.5Ni, 1.75Cr, 0.50Mo, 0.20C Steel (1968)

Eighteen commercial heats of Ni-Cr-Mo-V steel have been subjected to both step-cooling embrittling heat treatments and isothermal exposures at 750, 850, 950, and 1050 F for times up to 40,000 h. Embrittlement was measured in the as-heat treated condition on both rotor forgings and bucket wheel forgings, as well as in a deembrittled condition after water quenching from 1100 F. The steels were heat treated to a bainitic structure and tempered for a minimum of 24 h at 1100 F. The composition, including antimony, arsenic, and tin, along with the mechanical properties of each steel in the specimen, are included in the data. The temper embrittlement was measured as a shift in transition temperature as determined by the conventional V-notch Charpy test. The materials studied include both silicon and vacuumcarbon deoxidized steels, and a difference in rate of isothermal embrittlement is noted. The silicon deoxidized steels show a greater rate of embrittlement, and total embrittlement, at 850 F than at 750 F; vacuum-carbon deoxidized heats do not show this difference. The maximum amount of embrittlement during isothermal exposure is shown to decrease with increasing exposure temperature, with embrittlement very small at 1050 F exposures. The reversibility of the embrittling reaction is demonstrated using material that had been isothermally embrittled for 4800 h at 850 F. Removal of most of the embrittlement was accomplished by 20-h exposure at 1050 F, and embrittlement was measured again after isothermal exposure for 100, 1000, and 2800 h at 850 F. The reaction is shown to be fully reversible, but little insight into the mechanism is gained. In addition, it is demonstrated that exposures of both embrittlement and nonembrittled steels at higher temperatures in the embrittling temperature range (1000 to 1100 F) cause the transition temperature to shift to a common value; the nonembrittled steel demonstrating rapid embrittlement, while the embrittled steel de-embrittles to the same transition temperature which is apparently characteristic of the final exposure temperature. It can be shown that temper embrittlement, measured as an increase in transition temperature by the conventional V-notch Charpy test, can be suppressed by avoiding long exposure in the temperature range 750 to 1000 F during heat treatment. However, if long exposures in the 750 to 1000 F temperature range do occur either during heat treatment, fabrication, or subsequent service, it appears that temper embrittlement of present commercial Ni-Cr-Mo-V steels is unavoidable.
Using quick response codes for student interaction during lectures (2012)

This poster will describe an ongoing attempt to encourage student interaction during lectures through the use of quick response (QR) codes and Google forms to generate rapid response polls and quizzes.
Gene Expression Preferentially Regulated by Tamoxifen in Breast Cancer Cells and Correlations with Clinical Outcome (2006)

The beneficial effect of the selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator tamoxifen in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer is assumed to be through its ability to antagonize the stimulatory actions of estrogen, although tamoxifen can also have some estrogen-like agonist effects. Here, we report that, in addition to these mixed agonist/antagonist actions, tamoxifen can also selectively regulate a unique set of >60 genes, which are minimally regulated by estradiol (E2) or raloxifene in ERalpha-positive MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. This gene regulation by tamoxifen is mediated by ERalpha and reversed by E2 or ICI 182,780. Introduction of ERbeta into MCF-7 cells reverses tamoxifen action on approximately 75% of these genes. To examine whether these genes might serve as markers of tamoxifen sensitivity and/or the development of resistance, their expression level was examined in breast cancers of women who had received adjuvant therapy with tamoxifen. High expression of two of the tamoxifen-stimulated genes, YWHAZ/14-3-3z and LOC441453, was found to correlate significantly with disease recurrence following tamoxifen treatment in women with ER-positive cancers and hence seem to be markers of a poor prognosis. Our data indicate a new dimension in tamoxifen action, involving gene expression regulation that is tamoxifen preferential, and identify genes that might serve as markers of tumor responsiveness or resistance to tamoxifen therapy. This may have a potential effect on the choice of tamoxifen versus aromatase inhibitors as adjuvant endocrine therapy.
Restoration of continuously sampled band-limited signals from aliased data (1982)

A continuously sampled signal is obtained by periodically placing a signal to zero. A straightforward closed form method is presented for restoration of continuously sampled bandlimited signals-even when the data is aliased. The sampled signal is simply multiplied by a periodic function specified by the duty cycle of the degradation and the severity of aliasing. This product is then placed through a filter with bandwidth equal to that of the signal. The filter acts as an interpolator and the original signal is restored.
pH‐Metric log P. Part 1. Difference Plots for Determining Ion‐Pair Octanol‐Water Partition Coefficients of Multiprotic Substances (1992)

Abstract New potentiometrically‐based octanol‐water partition coefficient (log P) equations for di‐, tri‐ and tetraprotic weak acids are derived. These equations are valid when one or more species partition into the octanol phase as neutral or ion‐paired substances. Citric and phthalic acids were selected to demonstrate the log Pderivation procedure experimentally. Citric acid appears to participate in weak ion‐pair partitioning. Addition of tetra‐n‐butylammonium bromide to the solutions containing the weak acids, induces the hydrogen phthalate anion, the dihydrogen citrate anion and the hydrogen citrate dianinn to partition into octanol, presumably as ion‐pairs with the lipophilic cation. Extensive use is made of difference titration curves. The graphically derived models were refined by a general weighted nonlinear least squares procedure.
Half-life of nitric oxide in aqueous solutions with and without haemoglobin (1996)

Nitric oxide (NO) has been linked to many regulatory functions in mammalian cells. Studies of NO release are hampered by the short half-life of the molecule. In the blood, NO disappears within seconds because it binds avidly with haemoglobin (Hb). The relationship between Hb concentration and NO disappearance, however, has not been described. In this study we utilized an amperometric NO sensor (WPI, Sarasota, FL) to monitor continuously the disappearance of NO from an aqueous solution when Hb (free or as red blood cells) was added. The calibration and linearity of the NO sensor was checked frequently using a chemical reaction to generate a known concentration of NO. An aliquot of NO solution (prepared from authentic gas) was added to a glass beaker containing 20 ml saline to generate NO concentration of approximately 1200 nM. Under our experimental conditions (PO2 = 40 mmHg), NO concentration fell slowly over 20 min with a half-life of 445 s. However, when haemoglobin was added, NO disappeared rapidly in proportion to Hb concentration. The results suggest that rapid binding of NO to Hb occurs in a 4:1 ratio. The maximum rate constant of NO disappearance due to binding with Hb was 2 x 10(5) M-1 s-1. The 4:1 binding ratio between NO:Hb may be used as a tool to quantitate NO release in some biological assays. The study supports the notion that NO acts as an autocoid because it disappears rapidly in the presence of Hb and is not likely to act as a circulating humoral substance. The NO sensor was useful for monitoring of NO concentration in Hb free solutions, but its response time limits its use in blood.
Amino Acid Metabolism in Maize Earshoots. Implications for Assimilate Preconditioning and Nitrogen Signaling (2004)

Nitrogen (N) is an essential requirement for kernel growth in maize (Zea mays); however, little is known about how N assimilates are metabolized in young earshoots during seed development. The objective of this study was to assess amino acid metabolism in cob and spikelet tissues during the critical 2 weeks following silking. Two maize hybrids were grown in the field for 2 years at two levels of supplemental N fertilizer (0 and 168 kg N/ha). The effects of the reproductive sink on cob N metabolism were examined by comparing pollinated to unpollinated earshoots. Earshoots were sampled at 2, 8, 14, and 18 d after silking; dissected into cob, spikelet, and/or pedicel and kernel fractions; then analyzed for amino acid profiles and key enzyme activities associated with amino acid metabolism. Major amino acids in the cob were glutamine (Gln), aspartic acid (Asp), asparagine (Asn), glutamate, and alanine. Gln concentrations dropped dramatically from 2 to 14 d after silking in both pollinated and unpollinated cobs, whereas all other measured amino acids accumulated over time in unpollinated spikelets and cobs, especially Asn. N supply had a variable effect on individual amino acid levels in young cobs and spikelets, with Asn being the most notably enhanced. We found that the cob performs significant enzymatic interconversions among Gln, alanine, Asp, and Asn during early reproductive development, which may precondition the N assimilate supply for sustained kernel growth. The measured amino acid profiles and enzymatic activities suggest that the Asn to Gln ratio in cobs may be part of a signal transduction pathway involving aspartate aminotransferase, Gln synthetase, and Asn synthetase to indicate plant N status for kernel development.
2D-barcode for mobile devices (2005)

2D-barcodes were designed to carry significantly more data than its 1D counterpart. These codes are often used in industrial information tagging applications where high data capacity, mobility, and data robustness are required. Wireless mobile devices such as camera phones and Portable Digital Assistants (PDAs) have evolved from just a mobile voice communication device to what is now a mobile multimedia computing platform. Recent integration of these two mobile technologies has sparked some interesting applications where 2D-barcodes work as visual tags and/or information source and camera phones performs image processing tasks on the device itself. One of such applications is hyperlink establishment. The 2D symbol captured by a camera phone is decoded by the software installed in the phone. Then the web site indicated by the data encoded in a symbol is automatically accessed and shown in the display of the camera phone. Nonetheless, this new mobile applications area is still at its infancy. Each proposed mobile 2D-barcode application has its own choice of code, but no standard exists nor is there any study done on what are the criteria for setting a standard 2D-barcode for mobile phones. This study intends to address this void. The first phase of the study is qualitative examination. In order to select a best standard 2D-barcode, firstly, features desirable for a standard 2D-barcode that is optimized for the mobile phone platform are identified. The second step is to establish the criteria based on the features identified. These features are based on the operating limitations and attributes of camera phones in general use today. All published and accessible 2D-barcodes are thoroughly examined in terms of criteria set for the selection of a best 2D-barcode for camera phone applications. In the second phase, the 2D-barcodes that have higher potential to be chosen as a standard code are experimentally examined against the three criteria: light condition, distance, whether or not a 2D-barcode supports VGA resolution. Each sample 2D-barcode is captured by a camera phone with VGA resolution and the outcome is tested using an image analysis tool written in the scientific language called MATLAB. The outcome of this study is the selection of the most suitable 2D-barcode for applications where mobile devices such as camera phones are utilized.
Analysis of splicing patterns of human spumaretrovirus by polymerase chain reaction reveals complex RNA structures (1991)

Mapping of transcripts of the human foamy virus genome was carried out in permissive human embryonic fibroblast cells by Northern blot hybridization and S1 nuclease analysis. Since several splice sites that are localized within a relatively narrow genomic region were detected, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed, and cloning and sequencing of the splice site junctions of the corresponding viral cDNAs were subsequently performed. All spumavirus transcripts have a common but relatively short leader RNA. Genomic, singly spliced env mRNAs and several singly and multiply spliced subgenomic transcripts were identified. The multiply spliced viral mRNAs consist of various exons located in the central or 3' part of the viral genome. At least four novel gene products, termed Bet, Bes, Beo, and Bel3, are predicted to exist. The poly(A) addition site that defines the boundary of the R and U5 region in the 3' long terminal repeat was determined. The pattern of spumavirus splicing is more complex than that of oncoviruses and more similar to that of lentiviruses. One of the characteristic features of spumavirus transcription is the existence of singly spliced bel1 and bel2 mRNAs that alternatively are multiply spliced, thereby generating a complexity comparable to, but different from, that of lentiviruses and from that of other known retroviruses. The complex spumavirus transcriptional pattern of human spumavirus and the coding potential of the 10 exons identified are discussed.
A Mechanism of the Sidewall Process Induced Junction Leakage Current of LDD Structure (1991)

In MOSFETs with lightly doped drain (LDD) sidewall spacers, drain‐to‐substrate leakage is caused by the crystalline defects at the sidewall edge. To clarify the mechanism of the defect generation, the recrystallization process after high‐concentration As+ implantation was observed by means of cross‐sectional TEM with in situ annealing. During the heating process, solid phase epitaxial regrowth did not proceed in the lateral direction at the Si surface of the sidewall edge and the defects were pinning there. However, during a subsequent quick cooling period, the crystalline defects grew to a high degree in the (111) direction at the sidewall edge. When the recrystallization was performed without the sidewall, the defects are not generated. From these results, it was determined that the stress from the sidewall contributes greatly to the defects growth. The crystalline defects at the sidewall edge can be suppressed by fabricating a smoothly shaped sidewall that decreases stress, so that stable drain‐to‐substrate properties can be obtained.
Role of the Streptococcus mutans gtf genes in caries induction in the specific-pathogen-free rat model (1993)

The role of each of the Streptococcus mutans gtf genes coding for glucan synthesis in cariogenesis was evaluated by using strain UA130 in the specific-pathogen-free (SPF) rat model system. Mutants defective in either or both of the genes required for insoluble glucan synthesis, the gtfB and gtfC genes, exhibited markedly reduced levels of smooth-surface carious lesions relative to that of the parental organism. Likewise, the mutant defective in the gtfD gene coding for the glucosyltransferase-S enzyme synthesizing water-soluble glucans also produced significantly fewer smooth-surface lesions than strain UA130. None of these mutations markedly altered the rate of sulcal caries induction relative to that of the parental organism. In addition, a mutant of strain UA130 defective in the gtfA gene was reexamined in the SPF rat model. In contrast to previous results from a gnotobiotic rat system, these mutants also induced significantly fewer smooth-surface carious lesions compared with that by strain UA130. These results suggest that all four genes are important for smooth-surface caries formation. Furthermore, these results are discussed relative to the differences in the diets utilized in the SPF and gnotobiotic rat model systems for assessing the virulence factors of S. mutans.