gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tenascin‐C and SF/HGF produced by myofibroblasts in vitro provide convergent proinvasive signals to human colon cancer cells through RhoA and Rac (2004)

Myofibroblasts are present at the invasion front in colon cancer. In an attempt to understand their putative proinvasive activity, we have developed an in vitro model. Myofibroblasts isolated from colon cancer tissue or obtained through transdifferentiation of colon fibroblasts by transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta stimulate invasion of colon cancer cells into collagen type I and Matrigel. We identified two convergent proinvasive agents secreted by myofibroblasts: namely scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor (SF/HGF) and the TGF-beta-upregulated extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin-C (TNC), each of which is necessary though not sufficient for invasion. Myofibroblast-stimulated invasion into collagen type I is characterized by a change from a round, nonmigratory morphotype with high RhoA and low Rac activity to an elongated, migratory morphotype with low RhoA and high Rac activity. RhoA inactivation is determined by the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeats of TNC through EGF-receptor signaling that confers a permissive and priming signal for the proinvasive activity of SF/HGF that activates Rac via c-Met. We confirmed the validity of this mechanism by using pharmacological modulators and dominant negative or constitutive active mutants that interfere with RhoA-Rho kinase and Rac signaling. Our in vitro results point to a new putative proinvasive signal for colon cancer cells provided by myofibroblasts in the tumor stroma.
Integrated drug profiling and CRISPR screening identify essential pathways for CAR T-cell cytotoxicity (2019)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has proven effective in relapsed and refractory B-cell malignancies, but resistance and relapses still occur. Better understanding of mechanisms influencing CAR T-cell cytotoxicity and the potential for modulation using small-molecule drugs could improve current immunotherapies. Here, we systematically investigated druggable mechanisms of CAR T-cell cytotoxicity using >500 small-molecule drugs and genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function screens. We identified several tyrosine kinase inhibitors that inhibit CAR T-cell cytotoxicity by impairing T-cell signaling transcriptional activity. In contrast, the apoptotic modulator drugs SMAC mimetics sensitized B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells to anti-CD19 CAR T cells. CRISPR screens identified death receptor signaling through FADD and TNFRSF10B (TRAIL-R2) as a key mediator of CAR T-cell cytotoxicity and elucidated the RIPK1-dependent mechanism of sensitization by SMAC mimetics. Death receptor expression varied across genetic subtypes of B-cell malignancies, suggesting a link between mechanisms of CAR T-cell cytotoxicity and cancer genetics. These results implicate death receptor signaling as an important mediator of cancer cell sensitivity to CAR T-cell cytotoxicity, with potential for pharmacological targeting to enhance cancer immunotherapy. The screening data provide a resource of immunomodulatory properties of cancer drugs and genetic mechanisms influencing CAR T-cell cytotoxicity.
Structural modification of S-trityl-L-cysteine. Preparation of some S-(substituted trityl)-L-cysteines and dipeptides of S-trityl-L-cysteine (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructural modification of S-trityl-L-cysteine. Preparation of some S-(substituted trityl)-L-cysteines and dipeptides of S-trityl-L-cysteineKwang Yuen Zee-Cheng and C. C. ChengCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1972, 15, 1, 13–16Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00271a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00271a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views329Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>Recent advancements in the electromechanical (E/M) impedance method for structural health monitoring and NDE</title> (1998)

The emerging electro-mechanical impedance technology has high potential for in-situ health monitoring and NDE of structural systems and complex machinery. At first, the fundamental principles of the electro-mechanical impedance method are briefly reviewed and ways for practical implementation are highlighted. The equations of piezo- electric material response are given, and the coupled electro-mechanical impedance of a piezo-electric wafer transducer as affixed to the monitored structure is discussed. Due to the high frequency operation of this NDE method, wave propagation phenomena are identified as the primary coupling method between the structural substrate and the piezo-electric wafer transducer. Attention is then focused on several recent advancements that have extended the electro-mechanical impedance method into new areas of applications and/or have developed its underlying principles. US Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory used the electro-mechanical impedance method to monitor damage development in composite overlaid civil infrastructure specimens under full-scale static testing. A simplified E/M impedance measuring technique was employed at the Polytechnic University of Madrid, Spain, to detect damage in GFRP composite specimens. The development of miniaturized `bare-bones' impedance analyzer equipment that could be easily packaged into transponder-size dimensions is being studied at the University of South Carolina. US Army Research Laboratory developed novel piezo-composite film transducers for embedment into composite structures. Disbond gauges for monitoring the structural joints of adhesively bonded rotor blades have been studies in the Mechanical Engineering Department at the University of South Carolina. These recent developments accentuate the importance and benefits of using the electro-mechanical impedance method for on-line health monitoring and damage detection in a variety of applications. Further investigation of the electro-mechanical impedance method is warranted. A further examination of the complex interaction between wave propagation, drive-point impedance, structural damage and electro-mechanical impedance of the piezo-electric wafer transducer is needed. Once these aspects are better understood, the E/M impedance method has the potential to become a widely used NDE technique with large applicability in diverse engineering fields (aerospace, automotive, infrastructure and biomedical implants).
DDQ-mediated synthesis of functionalized unsymmetrical disulfanes (2015)

We developed a simple and efficient method for the synthesis of functionalized unsymmetrical disulfanes under mild conditions in good yields.
Endothelial Cell Inflammatory Responses to Tumor Necrosis Factor α (1996)

Ceramide generation by stimulated sphingomyelinase activity has been implicated in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) signaling of apoptosis and differentiation. We examined the role of ceramide in a major action of TNF: the initiation of inflammatory events. Sphingomyelinase C at high levels induced inflammatory protein expression in endothelial cells resulting in leukocyte adhesion, but the pattern of induction of adhesion molecules (E-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1) and cytokines (interleukins 6 and 8) differed from that induced by TNF. TNF induced only a small increase in ceramide: using lower doses of sphingomyelinase to mimic this we found that small amounts of ceramide did not induce protein expression, but still rapidly activated Raf-1, mitogen-activated protein/extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK) and ERKs. TNF additionally caused rapid p38 and JNK-1 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and efficient NF-kappaB translocation, which could not be achieved even by high levels of ceramide. Thus activation of the ERK cascade alone is an incomplete endothelial cell stimulus, and the TNF receptor generates at least two signals: Raf-1 activation, which could be ceramide-dependent; and ceramide-independent efficient NF-kappaB translocation and activation of p38 and JNK-1 mitogen-activated kinases.
Clinical Importance of Lymphoblasts with T Markers in Childhood Acute Leukemia (1975)

Of 48 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia 11 had blast cells with receptors for sheep erythrocytes in their initial bone-marrow aspirates and 37 did not. A comparison of selected clinical features indicated striking differences between the two groups. Leukemia with the receptors was associated with a high proportion of older children, predominantly boys, a thymic mass, and a high white-cell count at diagnosis. In contrast, the 37 children with leukemia without the receptors were generally less than five years of age, with a nearly equal distribution of boys and girls; all but one had normal chest roentgenograms, and only one had a white-cell count greater than 100,000. Thus, the presence or absence of lymphoblasts with sheep erythrocyte receptors--a T-cell marker--distinguishes two forms of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia, each with a distinct distribution of age and sex as well as other characteristic clinical features.
A Novel Spread Spectrum Clock Generation Technique: Always-On Boundary Spread SSCG (2019)

Spread spectrum clock generation (SSCG) is an important technique for electromagnetic interference reduction. To achieve the goal of lowering peak power, clock signal is intentionally “jittered.” In circuit implementation, there are mainly three ways to carry out the task of jittering the clock: voltage-controlled oscillator modulation, phase-locked loop divider dithering, and clock-period direct manipulation. From the perspective of spread result, there are three types including down spread, central spread, and up spread. Being an effective solution for lowering the harmful electromagnetic peak power, SSCG is also faced with a challenge of preserving the integrity of the clock signal. In this paper, a novel approach of always-on boundary spread is presented. It is based on time-average-frequency concept. Its aim is to maximize frequency modulation depth while precisely controls clock's impact on system operation. Theoretical analysis is performed, experimental validation is provided through an implementation on field programmable gate array (FPGA). Furthermore, a commercial product is used to demonstrate the feature of “always on” enabled by this SSCG technology.
T1-2 림프절 음성 삼중음성유방암의 예후인자 (2011)

배경: 삼중음성유방암은 비삼중음성유방암군에 비해 조기라 해도 더 나쁜 예후를 보이는 걸로 알려져 있다. 따라서 삼중음성유방암의 초기 치료를 위해서 정확한 예후인자를 찾는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는, T1-2 림프절 음성인 삼중음성유방암의 나쁜 예후와 관련된 예후인자를 찾아 보고자 하였다. 방법: 1995년부터 2006년까지 고려대학교 의료원 안암병원에서 유방암으로 근치절제술을 시행받은 환자 중 림프절 전이나 원격전이가 없는 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 이 중에서 호르몬 수용체 및 HER2 수용체 여부에 대한 기록이 있는 환자들만을 포함시켰다. 의무기록의 후향적 분석을 통해 삼중음성유방암 및 비삼중음성유방암 환자들의 임상병리적 특징이 분석되었다. 결과: 79명 (22.9%) 의 환자들이 삼중음성유방암군으로 분류되었다. 삼중음성유방암군에서 p53 양성 환자군에서 p53 음성 환자군보다 더 낮은 무병생존율을 보였다 (p=0.028). 다변량 회귀분석에서는 35세 이하의 낮은 연령이 삼중음성유방암과 관련된 독립적인 예후인자로 나타났으며, Ki-67은 단변량 회귀분석에서 삼중음성유방암과 통계적으로 유의하게 관련성을 보였다. 결론: 본 연구에서, T1-2 림프절 음성인 삼중음성유방암에서 연령은 독립적인 예후인자이고 어릴수록 나쁜 예후와 연관됨을 알 수 있었고, Ki-67 은 통계적으로 증명되지는 않았지만, 삼중음성유방암의 예후인자가 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.
In situ hybridization reveals co-expression of embryonic and adult α globin genes in the earliest murine erythrocyte progenitors (1992)

Murine erythropoiesis begins with the formation of primitive red blood cells in the blood islands of the embryonic yolk sac on day 7.5 of gestation. By analogy to human erythropoiesis, it has been thought that there is a gradual switch from the exclusive expression of the embryonic alpha-like globin (zeta) to the mature adult form (alpha) in these early mouse cells. We have used in situ hybridization to assess expression of these two globin genes during embryonic development. In contrast to what might have been expected, we find that there is simultaneous expression of both zeta and alpha genes from the very onset of erythropoiesis in the yolk sac. At no time could we detect expression of embryonic zeta globin mRNA without concomitant expression of adult alpha globin mRNA. Indeed, adult alpha transcripts exceed those of embryonic zeta in the earliest red cell precursors. Moreover, the pattern of hybridization reveals co-expression of both genes within the same cells. Even in the fetal liver, which supersedes the yolk sac as the major site of murine fetal erythropoiesis, there is a brief co-expression of zeta and alpha genes followed by the exclusive expression of the adult alpha genes. These data indicate an important difference in hematopoietic ontogeny between mouse and that of human, where zeta expression precedes that of alpha. In addition to resolving the embryonic expression of these globin genes, our results suggest that the embryonic alpha-like globin gene zeta may be physiologically redundant, even during the earliest stages of embryonic development.
Device quality growth and characterization of (110) GaAs grown by molecular beam epitaxy (1987)

Device quality (110)GaAs has been reproducibly grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) for the first time. Angling of the substrate to expose stable, Ga-rich ledges on the (110) surface has been shown to be the necessary condition for two-dimensional growth. The layers exhibit a room-temperature electron mobility of ∼5700 cm2/V s for NSi∼4×1015 and a strong exciton photoluminescence emission at 4 K. This breakthrough in MBE growth of III-V compounds allows for fabrication of (110) GaAs devices which will take advantage of the unique properties of this orientation.
GPS based road monitoring system (2010)

The evolution of mobile communication devices and communication technologies has fostered a growing interest in location-aware systems and services. The paper proposes a traffic monitoring system based on Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) technologies. The new system will provide more consistent data about the road traffic conditions but also will provide methods for integrating with other Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). For communication between de mobile device and central monitoring service it is used GSM technology.
Planar Lenses at Visible Wavelengths (2016)

Sub-wavelength resolution imaging requires high numerical aperture (NA) lenses, which are bulky and expensive. Metasurfaces allow the miniaturization of conventional refractive optics into planar structures. We show that high-aspect-ratio titanium dioxide metasurfaces can be fabricated and designed as meta-lenses with NA = 0.8. Diffraction-limited focusing is demonstrated at wavelengths of 405 nm, 532 nm, and 660 nm with corresponding efficiencies of 86%, 73%, and 66%. The meta-lenses can resolve nanoscale features separated by sub-wavelength distances and provide magnification as high as 170x with image qualities comparable to a state-of-the-art commercial objective. Our results firmly establish that meta-lenses can have widespread applications in laser-based microscopy, imaging, and spectroscopy.
A Swordless Knight: Epidemiology and Molecular Characteristics of the <i>bla</i> <sub>KPC</sub> -Negative Sequence Type 258 Klebsiella pneumoniae Clone (2012)

In June 2010, a bla(KPC)-negative, ertapenem-resistant ST-258 Klebsiella pneumoniae strain was isolated from a patient in the Laniado Medical Center (LMC). Our aims were (i) to describe its molecular characteristics and resistance mechanisms and (ii) to assess whether the bla(KPC)-negative ST-258 K. pneumoniae clone spreads as efficiently as its KPC-producing isogenic strain. In a prospective study, surveillance of all ertapenem-resistant, carbapenemase-negative K. pneumoniae (ERCNKP) isolates was conducted from June 2010 to May 2011 at LMC (314 beds) and from July 2008 to December 2010 at the Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center (TASMC) (1,200 beds). Molecular typing was done by arbitrarily primed PCR, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). A total of 8 of 42 (19%) ERCNKP isolates in LMC and 1 of 32 (3.1%) in TASMC belonged to the ST-258 clone. These strains carried the bla(CTX-M-2) or the bla(CTX-M-25) extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) gene. Sequencing of the ompK genes showed a frameshift mutation in the ompK35 gene. The fate of the bla(KPC)-carrying plasmid, pKpQIL, was determined by S1 analysis and by PCR of the Tn4401 transposon, repA, and the truncated bla(OXA-9). Plasmid analysis of the ERCNKP ST-258 isolates showed variability in plasmid composition and absence of the Tn4401 transposon and the pKpQIL plasmid. In addition, the ST-258 clone was identified in 35/35 (100%) of KPC-producing K. pneumoniae isolates but in none of 62 ertapenem-susceptible K. pneumoniae isolates collected in the two centers. Our results suggest that ERCNKP ST-258 evolved by loss of the bla(KPC)-carrying plasmid pKpQIL. ERCNKP ST-258 appears to have low epidemic potential.
Flat fan and air induction nozzles affect soybean herbicide efficacy (2008)

Fifteen field experiments were conducted from 2002 to 2005 to determine the influence of the nozzle type, spray volume, spray pressure, and herbicide rate on herbicidal efficacy in soybean. There was no effect of the nozzle type on herbicidal efficacy with fomesafen, bentazon, glyphosate, and cloransulam‐methyl when applied at the manufacturer's recommended rate. The control of Echinochloa crus‐galli (barnyardgrass) with quizalofop‐ p ‐ethyl was improved when applied with flat fan (FF) nozzles compared with air induction (AI) nozzles. There was an increase in weed control with the FF nozzles compared with the AI nozzles in four of the 13 comparisons when the herbicides were applied at half the recommended rate, while in two situations, application with the AI nozzles resulted in improved weed control. With the FF nozzles, there was no effect of the water carrier volume on weed control with bentazon, glyphosate, and cloransulam‐methyl. The control of Abutilon theophrasti (velvetleaf) and Chenopodium album (common lambsquarters) with fomesafen and E. crus‐galli with quizalofop‐ p ‐ethyl was improved at the higher water carrier volume. With the AI nozzles, the control of A. theophrasti and Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) with fomesafen and E. crus‐galli with quizalofop‐ p ‐ethyl was improved at the higher water carrier volume, while the control of A. theophrasti and Polygonum persicaria (ladysthumb) was improved with glyphosate at the lower water carrier volume. With the AI nozzles, the control of C. album with bentazon and E. crus‐galli with quizalofop‐ p ‐ethyl was improved at the higher spray pressure. There was no effect of the nozzle type on the soybean yield with glyphosate, cloransulam‐methyl, and quizalofop‐ p ‐ethyl. The use of the FF nozzles compared with the AI nozzles to apply fomesafen and bentazon increased the soybean yield by 6 and 7%, respectively. Based on this study, the optimum nozzle type, water carrier volume, and spray pressure is herbicide‐ and weed species‐specific.
Evaluation of the RealArt Malaria LC Real-Time PCR Assay for Malaria Diagnosis (2004)

PCR-based methods have advantages over traditional microscopic methods for the diagnosis of malaria, especially in cases of low parasitemia and mixed infections. However, current PCR-based assays are often labor-intensive and not readily quantifiable and have the potential for contamination due to a requirement for postamplification sample handling. Real-time PCR can address these limitations. This study evaluated the performance characteristics of a commercial malaria real-time PCR assay (RealArt Malaria LC Assay; Artus GmbH, Hamburg, Germany) on the LightCycler platform for the detection of malaria parasites in 259 febrile returned travelers. Compared to nested PCR as the reference standard, the real-time assay had a sensitivity of 99.5%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100%, and negative predictive value of 99.6% for the detection of malaria. Our results indicate that the RealArt assay is a rapid (<45 min), sensitive, and specific method for the detection of malaria in returned travelers.
Many-to-Many Aggregation for Sensor Networks (2007)

Wireless sensor networks have enormous potential to aid data collection in a number of areas, such as environmental and wildlife research. In this paper, we address the challenges of supporting many-to-many aggregation in a sensor network. An application of many-to-many aggregation is in-network control of sensors. For expensive sensing tasks such as sap flux measurements and camera repositioning, we use low-cost information obtained at multiple other nodes in the network to control such tasks, e.g., decreasing sampling rates when readings are predictable or unimportant, while increasing sampling rates when there are interesting activities. In general, there is a many-to-many relationship between sources (nodes providing control inputs) and destinations (nodes requiring control outputs). We present a method for implementing many-to-many aggregation in a sensor network that minimizes the communication cost by optimally balancing a combination of multicast and in-network aggregation. Our optimization technique is efficient in finding the initial solution and handling dynamic updates.
Microbiological Transformations. V. 1α- and 2β-Hydroxylations of C<sub>19</sub>-Steroids (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicrobiological Transformations. V. 1α- and 2β-Hydroxylations of C19-SteroidsR. M. Dodson, Arthur H. Goldkamp, and R. D. MuirCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 15, 4026–4033Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01500a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01500a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views258Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Impaired neurotransmitter release from lacrimal and salivary gland nerves of a murine model of Sjögren's syndrome. (2001)

The results show that activation of nerves of lacrimal and salivary glands infiltrated with lymphocytes does not increase the release of neurotransmitters, which results in impaired secretion from these glands.