gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Homing of Liposomes to Target Cells (1975)

Conference Article| October 01 1975 Homing of Liposomes to Target Cells GREGORY GREGORIADIS GREGORY GREGORIADIS 1Clinical Research Centre, Watford Road, Harrow, Middx. HA1 3UJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1975) 3 (5): 613–618. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0030613 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation GREGORY GREGORIADIS; Homing of Liposomes to Target Cells. Biochem Soc Trans 1 October 1975; 3 (5): 613–618. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0030613 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1975 Biochemical Society1975 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Contrast-noise-ratio (CNR) analysis and optimisation of breast-specific gamma imaging (BSGI) acquisition protocols (2013)

We believe that the results of our phantom study are relevant for clinical practice and that further dose reduction cannot be recommended for the BSGI exams at our hospital and that an increase of the administered activity should be considered.
Cancer vaccines entering Phase III clinical trials (2003)

The last 10 years have seen a growth in the number of tumour antigens identified from immune responses raised in patients. The discovery that tumours can be recognised by the immune system stimulated a great deal of work characterising the molecular mechanisms underlying immune recognition. This in turn has led to an impressive array of immunological approaches to the generation of cancer vaccines; these range from molecularly defined T cell epitopes, antibody-based vaccines, cytokine therapies, immune modulators and DNA vaccines, to whole cell vaccines and, more recently, combinations of these methods. Many of these approaches have entered Phase I/II trials and have shown interesting clinical results. Moreover, they have extended our knowledge of the immune system and our understanding of the mechanisms required to design a successful cancer vaccine. This review outlines some of the approaches that have led to some of these vaccines entering Phase III clinical trials, discusses their modes of action and reports on their current status in trial.
CDK4/6 and IGF1 Receptor Inhibitors Synergize to Suppress the Growth of p16INK4A-Deficient Pancreatic Cancers (2014)

Loss-of-function mutations in p16(INK4A) (CDKN2A) occur in approximately 80% of sporadic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), contributing to its early progression. Although this loss activates the cell-cycle-dependent kinases CDK4/6, which have been considered as drug targets for many years, p16(INK4A)-deficient PDAC cells are inherently resistant to CDK4/6 inhibitors. This study searched for targeted therapies that might synergize with CDK4/6 inhibition in this setting. We report that the IGF1R/IR inhibitor BMS-754807 cooperated with the CDK4/6 inhibitor PD-0332991 to strongly block proliferation of p16(INK4A)-deficient PDAC cells in vitro and in vivo. Sensitivity to this drug combination correlated with reduced activity of the master cell growth regulator mTORC1. Accordingly, replacing the IGF1R/IR inhibitor with the rapalog inhibitor temsirolimus broadened the sensitivity of PDAC cells to CDK4/6 inhibition. Our results establish targeted therapy combinations with robust cytostatic activity in p16(INK4A)-deficient PDAC cells and possible implications for improving treatment of a broad spectrum of human cancers characterized by p16(INK4A) loss.
The origin of hydrogen bonding. An energy decomposition study (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe origin of hydrogen bonding. An energy decomposition studyHideaki Umeyama and Keiji MorokumaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 5, 1316–1332Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00447a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00447a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2123Altmetric-Citations577LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Determination of Chinese hamster ovary cell line stability and recombinant antibody expression during long‐term culture (2012)

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines are frequently used as hosts for the production of recombinant therapeutics, such as monoclonal antibodies, due to their ability to perform correct post-translational modifications. A potential issue when utilizing CHO cells for therapeutic protein production is the selection of cell lines that do not retain stable protein expression during long-term culture (LTC). Instability of expression impairs process yields, effective usage of time and money, and regulatory approval for the desired therapeutic. In this study, we investigated a model unstable GS-CHO cell line over a continuous period of approximately 100 generations to determine markers of mechanisms that underlie instability. In this cell line, stability of expression was retained for 40-50 generations after which time a 40% loss in antibody production was detected. The instability observed within the cell line was not due to a loss in recombinant gene copy number or decreased expression of mRNA encoding for recombinant antibody H or L chain, but was associated with lower cumulative cell time values and an apparent increased sensitivity to cellular stress (exemplified by increased mRNA expression of the stress-inducible gene GADD153). Changes were also noted in cellular metabolism during LTC (alterations to extracellular alanine accumulation, and enhanced rates of glucose and lactate utilization, during the exponential and decline phase of batch culture, respectively). Our data indicates the breadth of changes that may occur to recombinant CHO cells during LTC ranging from instability of recombinant target production at a post-mRNA level to metabolic events. Definition of the mechanisms, regulatory events, and linkages underpinning cellular phenotype changes require further detailed analysis at a molecular level.
Computer-controlled monitoring and data reduction for multiple ion-selective electrodes in a flowing system (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComputer-controlled monitoring and data reduction for multiple ion-selective electrodes in a flowing systemJ. J. Zipper, Bernard. Fleet, and S. P. PeroneCite this: Anal. Chem. 1974, 46, 14, 2111–2118Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60350a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60350a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views46Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Blockchain-Based Proof of Delivery of Physical Assets With Single and Multiple Transporters (2018)

With the widespread of E-commerce, the need of a trusted system to ensure the delivery of traded items is crucial. Current proof of delivery (PoD) systems lacks transparency, traceability, and credibility. These systems are mostly centralized and rely on trusted third parties (TTPs) to complete the delivery between sellers and buyers. TTPs can be costly, a single point of failure, and subject to hacking, privacy evasion, and compromise. The blockchain is an immutable, trusted, and decentralized ledger with logs and events that can be used for transparency, traceability, and tracking. In this paper, we present a solution and a general framework using the popular permissionless Ethereum blockchain to create a trusted, decentralized PoD system that ensures accountability, auditability, and integrity. The solution uses Ethereum smart contracts to prove the delivery of a shipped item between a seller and a buyer irrespective of the number of intermediate transporters needed. In our proposed solution, all participating entities are incentivized to act honestly by using a double deposit collateral. Automated payment in ether is an integral part of a solution to ensure that every entity gets its intended share of ether upon successful delivery. An arbitration mechanism is also incorporated if a dispute arises during the shipping process. In this paper, we show how we implemented, verified, and tested the proper functionality of our PoD solution. We also provide security analysis and give estimates of the cost consumption in ether gas. We made the full code of the Ethereum smart contracts publicly available at Github.
A new series of blood group A and H antigens expressed in human erythrocytes and the incompatible A antigens expressed in tumours of blood group O and B individuals (1987)

Conference Article| August 01 1987 A new series of blood group A and H antigens expressed in human erythrocytes and the incompatible A antigens expressed in tumours of blood group O and B individuals SEN-ITIROH HAKOMORI; SEN-ITIROH HAKOMORI 1Biochemical Oncology/Membrane Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Departments of Pathobiology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar HENRIK CLAUSEN; HENRIK CLAUSEN 1Biochemical Oncology/Membrane Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Departments of Pathobiology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar STEVEN B. LEVERY STEVEN B. LEVERY 1Biochemical Oncology/Membrane Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Departments of Pathobiology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1987) 15 (4): 593–596. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0150593 Article history Received: February 09 1987 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation SEN-ITIROH HAKOMORI, HENRIK CLAUSEN, STEVEN B. LEVERY; A new series of blood group A and H antigens expressed in human erythrocytes and the incompatible A antigens expressed in tumours of blood group O and B individuals. Biochem Soc Trans 1 August 1987; 15 (4): 593–596. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0150593 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1987 Biochemical Society1987 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Modeling and Measuring Privacy Risks in QoS Web Services (2006)

The privacy issue for QoS Web services is considered. As more Web services are constructed and deployed, many of our personal needs may be served by more than one service providers regardless of their platforms and implementation technologies. Service selection is performed by comparing the QoS attributes of all candidate services. Releasing private data without due control may raise the risk of allowing potential adversaries to collect, reveal or utilize one's data in undesirable ways. We propose a QoS model that quantifies a user's privacy risk in order to make the service selection process manageable. The privacy risk is derived using the percentage of the private data set to be released, and user-defined context-oriented weights that quantify the potential damage of privacy leaking in a specific context. We have included privacy risk cost as one of the QoS parameters by extending the end-to-end QoS composition algorithms developed previously
Preparation and Properties of Ag Nanofilms for Organic Solar Cells (2014)

nanoAg island thin films with different thickness have been prepared by vacuum vapor deposition method on ITO substrates for organic solar cells. UV-Vis absorption spectrum and surface morphology have been studied by UV-Vis scanning spectrophotometer and SEM. The influence of different thickness nanoAg has also been discussed. The results show that, when the nanoAg thickness is 3.0 nm, the surface plasmon response is most obvious, the resonance absorption peak appears red-shift, the surface plasmon response could enhance optical absorption, photocurrent, fill factor and power conversion efficiency obviously. The research results provide theoretical guidance to optimize the design and increase the performance of solar cells.
Architectures and protocols powering illegal content streaming over the Internet (2015)

Over recent years, a major shift has occurred in piracy of paid-for content services toward illegal redistribution of live content in real-time over the Internet. This paper will provide insight into pirate content platforms, covering the various architectures and protocols used, from peer-to-peer protocols adapted for live streaming to more traditional Web streaming protocols. More specifically, it will focus on the methods generally employed to set up and scale ad-based illegal services using some of the above-mentioned protocols with streaming media platforms, while securing streaming servers, enabling these sites to remain hidden. A thorough analysis of the used architectures and protocols makes it possible to measure the actual audience viewing illegal streams, typically leveraging peer-to-peer networks data. This enables content service providers to assess the piracy threat level of any content, while illustrating the need for a business intelligence tool that provides relevant information on viewers' behavior.
Crosslinking of unsaturated polyester resins by combinations of vinyl esters and methacrylates (1982)

Abstract The replacement of styrene by other crosslinking monomers in unsaturated polyester resins has been investigated because of the possible toxicity of this monomer and the strong smoke evolution of burning polyester materials. A theoretical study has been carried out to provide criteria for the applicability of classes of monomers in polyester curing. From this study it appeared that vinyl esters, vinyl ethers, N ‐vinyl lactams, and styrenes are suitable, whereas acrylic and methacrylic esters and allylic or olefinic compounds are not. Combinations of vinyl esters and (meth)acrylic esters of polyols should generate IPN‐like structures. Polyesters cured by this combination of monomers gave materials with increased stiffness and strength relative to those obtained with the separate monomers and on the same level as styrene‐cured polyesters.
Hypokalaemia induces Ca<sup>2+</sup> overload and Ca<sup>2+</sup> waves in ventricular myocytes by reducing Na<sup>+</sup>,K<sup>+</sup>‐ATPase α<sub>2</sub> activity (2014)

Hypokalaemia is a risk factor for development of ventricular arrhythmias. The aim of this study was to determine the cellular mechanisms leading to triggering of arrhythmias in ventricular myocytes exposed to low Ko. Low Ko, corresponding to moderate hypokalaemia, increased Ca(2+) transient amplitude, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) load, SR Ca(2+) leak and Ca(2+) wave probability in field stimulated rat ventricular myocytes. The mechanisms leading to Ca(2+) overload were examined. Low Ko reduced Na(+),K(+)-ATPase (NKA) currents, increased cytosolic Na(+) concentration and increased the Na(+) level sensed by the Na(+), Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX). Low Ko also hyperpolarized the resting membrane potential (RMP) without significant alterations in action potential duration. Experiments in voltage clamped and field stimulated ventricular myocytes, along with mathematical modelling, suggested that low Ko increases the Ca(2+) transient amplitude by reducing NKA activity despite hyperpolarization of the RMP. Selective inhibition of the NKA α2 isoform by low dose ouabain abolished the ability of low Ko to reduce NKA currents, to increase Na(+) levels sensed by NCX and to increase the Ca(2+) transient amplitude. We conclude that low Ko, within the range of moderate hypokalaemia, increases Ca(2+) levels in ventricular myocytes by reducing the pumping rate of the NKA α2 isoform with subsequent Na(+) accumulation sensed by the NCX. These data highlight reduced NKA α2 -mediated control of NCX activity as a possible mechanism underlying triggered ventricular arrhythmias in patients with hypokalaemia.
Real–Time Reverse Transcription–Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays for the Detection and Differentiation of North American Swine Influenza Viruses (2004)

Swine influenza is an acute respiratory disease of swine caused by type A influenza viruses. Before 1998, mainly "classical" HIN1 swine influenza viruses (SIVs) were isolated from swine in the United States. Since then, antigenically distinct reassortant H3 and H1 SIVs have been identified as causative agents of respiratory disease in pigs on US farms. Improvement in SIV diagnostics is needed in light of the recently observed rapid evolution of H1 and H3 SIVs and their zoonotic potential. To address this need, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays for the detection of SIVs were developed. A highly sensitive matrix (M) gene-based RT-PCR assay that is able to detect both the H1 and H3 subtypes of SIVs, with a sensitivity per reaction of approximately 2 copies of in vitro-generated M-specific negative-sense RNA molecules and approximately 0.05 TCID50 in lung lavage of experimentally SIV-infected pigs, was established. This RT-PCR assay can be performed within a few hours and showed a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 85% when compared with virus isolation. In addition, H1-, H3-, N1-, and N2-specific primer and probe sets were designed for use in the differentiation of different SIV subtypes. The hemagglutinin (H)- and neuraminidase (N)-specific primer and probe sets were less sensitive than the M-specific assay, although they were found to be specific for their respective viral genes and able to distinguish between their respective SIV subtypes.
CRISPR-Cas9 for in vivo Gene Therapy: Promise and Hurdles (2016)

Owing to its easy-to-use and multiplexing nature, the genome editing tool CRISPR-Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) associated nuclease 9) is revolutionizing many areas of medical research and one of the most amazing areas is its gene therapy potentials. Previous explorations into the therapeutic potentials of CRISPR-Cas9 were mainly conducted in vitro or in animal germlines, the translatability of which, however, is either limited (to tissues with adult stem cells amenable to culture and manipulation) or currently impermissible (due to ethic concerns). Recently, important progresses have been made on this regard. Several studies have demonstrated the ability of CRISPR-Cas9 for in vivo gene therapy in adult rodent models of human genetic diseases delivered by methods that are potentially translatable to human use. Although these recent advances represent a significant step forward to the eventual application of CRISPR-Cas9 to the clinic, there are still many hurdles to overcome, such as the off-target effects of CRISPR-Cas9, efficacy of homology-directed repair, fitness of edited cells, immunogenicity of therapeutic CRISPR-Cas9 components, as well as efficiency, specificity, and translatability of in vivo delivery methods. In this article, we introduce the mechanisms and merits of CRISPR-Cas9 in genome editing, briefly retrospect the applications of CRISPR-Cas9 in gene therapy explorations and highlight recent advances, later we discuss in detail the challenges lying ahead in the way of its translatability, propose possible solutions, and future research directions.
Soluble Decoy Receptor 3 Induces Angiogenesis by Neutralization of TL1A, a Cytokine Belonging to Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily and Exhibiting Angiostatic Action (2004)

TL1A is a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily and plays an important role in regulating endothelial cell apoptosis. A previous study shows TL1A is able to interact with death receptor 3 and decoy receptor 3 (DcR3). Here, we demonstrate that DcR3 is able to induce angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). DcR3 promotes HUVEC proliferation and migration and up-regulates matrix metalloproteinase-2 mRNA expression and enzyme activity. Furthermore, DcR3 enhances EC differentiation into cord vascular-like structures in vitro, as well as neovascularization in vivo. The effects of DcR3 on HUVECs are also mimicked by anti-TL1A and antideath receptor 3 antibodies. In contrast, human aortic endothelial cells, which do not express TL1A, are not responsive to DcR3 treatment, including cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenic differentiation. These data demonstrate DcR3 might not only help tumor cells to escape immune surveillance but also induce angiogenesis by blocking TL1A action in endothelial cells. The pathological role of DcR3 in promoting cancer progress raises the possibility to target DcR3 for antiangiogenic therapy in the future.
Female pelvic floor anatomy: the pelvic floor, supporting structures, and pelvic organs. (2004)

The development of novel, less invasive therapies for stress urinary incontinence in women requires a thorough knowledge of the relationship between the pathophysiology of incontinence and anatomy. This article provides a review of the anatomy of the pelvic floor and lower urinary tract. Also discussed is the hammock hypothesis, which describes urethral support within the pelvis and provides an explanation of the continence mechanism.