gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Room-Temperature Ferromagnetism in a II-VI Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Z</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">n</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">r</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">T</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi></mml:math> (2003)

The magnetic and magneto-optical properties of a Cr-doped II-VI semiconductor ZnTe were investigated. Magnetic circular dichroism measurements showed a strong interaction between the sp carriers and localized d spins, indicating that Zn(1-x)Cr(x)Te is a diluted magnetic semiconductor. The Curie temperature of the film with x=0.20 was estimated to be 300+/-10 K, which is the highest value ever reported for a diluted magnetic semiconductor in which sp-d interactions were confirmed. In spite of its high Curie temperature, Zn(1-x)Cr(x)Te film shows semiconducting electrical transport properties.
Apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment with aligners? A retrospective radiometric study (2013)

The present study is the first analyzing ARR in patients with a fully implemented orthodontic treatment with aligners (i.e. resolving anterior crowding). The variety was high and no clinical relevant influence factor could be detected. A minimum of two teeth with a root length reduction was found in every patient. On average, 7.36 teeth per patient were affected.
Ferroelectricity in undoped hafnium oxide (2015)

We report the observation of ferroelectric characteristics in undoped hafnium oxide thin films in a thickness range of 4–20 nm. The undoped films were fabricated using atomic layer deposition (ALD) and embedded into titanium nitride based metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors for electrical evaluation. Structural as well as electrical evidence for the appearance of a ferroelectric phase in pure hafnium oxide was collected with respect to film thickness and thermal budget applied during titanium nitride electrode formation. Using grazing incidence X-Ray diffraction (GIXRD) analysis, we observed an enhanced suppression of the monoclinic phase fraction in favor of an orthorhombic, potentially, ferroelectric phase with decreasing thickness/grain size and for a titanium nitride electrode formation below crystallization temperature. The electrical presence of ferroelectricity was confirmed using polarization measurements. A remanent polarization Pr of up to 10 μC cm−2 as well as a read/write endurance of 1.6 × 105 cycles was measured for the pure oxide. The experimental results reported here strongly support the intrinsic nature of the ferroelectric phase in hafnium oxide and expand its applicability beyond the doped systems.
High-throughput virtual screening and docking studies of matrix protein vp40 of ebola virus (2013)

Ebolavirus, a member of the Filoviridae family of negative-sense RNA viruses, causes severe haemorrhagic fever leading up to 90% lethality. Ebolavirus matrix protein VP40 is involved in the virus assembly and budding process. The RNA binding pocket of VP40 is considered as the drug target site for structure based drug design. High Throughput Virtual Screening and molecular docking studies were employed to find the suitable inhibitors against VP40. Ten compounds showing good glide score and glide energy as well as interaction with specific amino acid residues were short listed as drug leads. These small molecule inhibitors could be potent inhibitors for VP40 matrix protein by blocking virus assembly and budding process.
Rapid continuous synthesis of spherical reduced graphene ball-nickel oxide composite for lithium ion batteries (2014)

In this study, we synthesized a powder consisting of core-shell-structured Ni/NiO nanocluster-decorated graphene (Ni/NiO-graphene) by a simple process for use as an anodic material for lithium-ion batteries. First, a crumpled graphene powder consisting of uniformly distributed Ni nanoclusters was prepared by one-pot spray pyrolysis. This powder was subsequently transformed into the Ni/NiO-graphene composite by annealing at 300 °C in air. The Ni/NiO-graphene composite powder exhibited better electrochemical properties than those of the hollow-structured NiO-Ni composite and pure NiO powders. The initial discharge and charge capacities of the Ni/NiO-graphene composite powder were 1156 and 845 mA h g(-1), respectively, and the corresponding initial coulombic efficiency was 73%. The discharge capacities of the Ni/NiO-graphene, NiO-Ni, and pure NiO powders after 300 cycles were 863, 647, and 439 mA h g(-1), respectively. The high stability of the Ni/NiO-graphene composite powder, attributable to the unique structure of its particles, resulted in it exhibiting long-term cycling stability even at a current density of 1500 mA g(-1), as well as good rate performance. The structural stability of the Ni/NiO-graphene composite powder particles during cycling lowered the charge transfer resistance and improved the Li-ion diffusion rate.
Improved Classification of Orthosiphon stamineus by Data Fusion of Electronic Nose and Tongue Sensors (2010)

An improved classification of Orthosiphon stamineus using a data fusion technique is presented. Five different commercial sources along with freshly prepared samples were discriminated using an electronic nose (e-nose) and an electronic tongue (e-tongue). Samples from the different commercial brands were evaluated by the e-tongue and then followed by the e-nose. Applying Principal Component Analysis (PCA) separately on the respective e-tongue and e-nose data, only five distinct groups were projected. However, by employing a low level data fusion technique, six distinct groupings were achieved. Hence, this technique can enhance the ability of PCA to analyze the complex samples of Orthosiphon stamineus. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) was then used to further validate and classify the samples. It was found that the LDA performance was also improved when the responses from the e-nose and e-tongue were fused together.
Multiple sclerosis and neurofibromatosis type 1: report of seven patients from Iran (2009)

The findings of this study suggest a possible casual relationship between MS and NF1, indicating higher risk of MS among patients with NF1.
A novel method of screening for immunomodulating substances, establishment of an assay system and its application to culture broths of microorganisms. (1986)

A novel method of screening for immunomodulating substances is developed employing lymphocytes and three mitogens. Concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) are applied as T cell specific stimulants and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a B cell specific stimulant respectively. The lymphocytes obtained from mouse spleen are cultured with an antibiotic or a sample extract in the presence or absence of mitogen for three days and pulsed with [3H]thymidine for five hours before harvest. Differential effects of a sample compound on [3H]thymidine incorporation by the activated and quiescent lymphocytes are scored. In this procedure most of the tested antibiotics or chemical compounds with different mode of actions show non-specific effects. Cyclosporin A, a potent immunosuppressive substance, suppresses both Con A and PHA responses more extensively than LPS response and quiescent cell growth, and two cytochrome bc1 complex inhibitors, funiculosin and antimycin A3, are less suppressive to PHA response than to the others. The present system was also applied to the methanol extracts of the culture broths prepared from the type strains of Actinomycetes and Penicillium.
Quantitative In Vitro Assay for “Corncob” Formation (1980)

The interaction of Bacterionema matruchotii with strains of Streptococcus sanguis produces a structure which morphologically resembles a corncob. To determine the specific bacterial surface receptors involved in the interaction, we developed a quantitative assay. The assay consisted of mixing saline suspensions of [CH(3)-(3)H]thymidine-labeled streptococci and B. matruchotii, incubating at 37 degrees C for 2 h, and filtering the mixture through a 5-mum polycarbonate membrane filter. The free cocci and filaments passed through the filter, but the corncobs were retained. Estimates of the number of corncobs formed were obtained by quantitating the radioactivity retained on the membranes relative to that of controls of streptococci alone. Although saturation of the Bacterionema occurred at a ratio of streptococci to Bacterionema of 10:1 (Klett units), a 2:1 ratio was chosen because of the increased sensitivity of the assay at this ratio. The percentage of streptococci binding at this ratio was 18.6 +/- 8.1 (standard deviation). All five Bacterionema strains tested formed corncobs; in contrast, only three strains of S. sanguis were positive. These were serotype 1 strains which had localized surface "fuzz." Although scanning electron microscopic observations revealed an almost random distribution of cocci along the filament surface, transmission electron microscopy revealed that the streptococci were attached to the Bacterionema by the surface fuzz. No differences in corncob formation were observed in sodium phosphate buffer, pH 6 to 8, at phosphate concentrations ranging from 0.005 to 0.05 M. Concentrations of NaCl or KCl up to 0.25 M did not affect corncob formation, and low concentrations of CaCl(2) increased corncob formation slightly, whereas MgCl(2), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and citrate buffers reduced the number of streptococci binding to the filaments. These results suggest that divalent cations may play a role in this process.
Pull-out behavior of oxidized copper leadframes from epoxy molding compounds (2002)

Abstract Because of their high electrical and thermal conductivities, copper-based alloys have recently experienced increased demand for use in leadframes. There is, however, a concern about the adhesion of copper-based leadframes to epoxy molding compounds (EMCs), as poor adhesion has been partly responsible for delamination and cracking in plastic packages during reflow soldering. In this study, copper-based leadframe sheets were oxidized in a brown-oxide and/or a black-oxide forming solution to improve the adhesion strength between the copper and the epoxy resin. The effects of the formation of oxides on the adhesion strength of leadframe to EMC were studied using pull-out specimens. After the pull-out tests, fracture surfaces were analyzed by various techniques to find out the failure paths. Each oxidation treatment showed different adhesion behavior and failure paths according to oxidation time. Keywords:
Review of betavoltaic energy conversion (1993)

Betavoltaic energy conversion refers to the generation of power by coupling a beta source to a semiconductor junction device. The theory of betavoltaic energy conversion and some past studies of the subject are briefly reviewed. Calculations of limiting efficiencies for semiconductor cells versus bandgap are presented along with specific studies for Pm-147 and Ni-63 fueled devices. The approach used for fabricating Pm-147 fueled batteries by the author in the early 1970's is reviewed. Finally, the potential performance of advanced betavoltaic power sources is considered.
Dyeing of Acetylated Wood with Disperse Dyes (2014)

In this study, fir powder and acetylated fir powder were dyed using a series of disperse dyes under high temperature and pressure and were compared with the dyeing of polyester under the same condition.Acetylated oak and poplar veneer were also dyed as a reference.Unmodified fir powder, acetylated fir powder, and dyed acetylated fir powder were characterized by IR spectra and scanning electron microscope.The effect of pH value and dye concentration on the dyeing properties and fastness was evaluated and compared.Disperse dyes exhibited better dyeability and fastness on acetylated fir powder than on unmodified fir powder.This was because of the differences in the structures of the two fir powders.
Suppression by an RAR-γ Agonist of Collagen Degradation Mediated by Corneal Fibroblasts (2017)

The RAR-γ agonist R667 suppressed MMP production and thereby inhibited collagen degradation by corneal fibroblasts exposed to the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β. These effects of R667 may be mediated by the NF-κB signaling pathway.
Amplitude preservation for Kirchhoff dip moveout (1994)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1994Amplitude preservation for Kirchhoff dip moveoutAuthors: Patrick BlondelPatrick BlondelTotal, Francehttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822829 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822829FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1994ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1994 Pages: 1679 publication data© 1994 Copyright © 1994 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Patrick Blondel, (1994), "Amplitude preservation for Kirchhoff dip moveout," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1529-1532. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822829 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Identification of a synthetic muramyl peptide derivative with enhanced Nod2 stimulatory capacity (2013)

Muramyl peptides (MPs) represent the building blocks of bacterial peptidoglycan, a critical component of bacterial cell walls. MPs are well characterized for their immunomodulatory properties, and numerous studies have delineated the role of MPs or synthetic MP analogs in host defense, adjuvanticity and inflammation. More recently, Nod1 and Nod2 have been identified as the host sensors for specific MPs, and, in particular, Nod2 was shown to detect muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a MP found in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cell walls. Because mutations in Nod2 are associated with the etiology of Crohn's disease, there is a need to identify synthetic MP analogs that could potentiate Nod2-dependent immunity. Here, we analyzed the Nod2-activating property of 36 MP analogs that had been tested previously for their adjuvanticity and anti-infectious activity. Using a luciferase-based screen, we demonstrate that addition of a methyl group to the second amino acid of MDP generates a MDP derivative with enhanced Nod2-activating capacity. We further validated these results in murine macrophages, human dendritic cells and in vivo. These results offer a basis for the rational development of synthetic MPs that could be used in the treatment of inflammatory disorders that have been associated with Nod2 dysfunction, such as Crohn's disease.
d-β-Hydroxybutyric Dehydrogenase of Mitochondria (1960)

hydroxybutyricdehydrogenases of rat liver mitochondria, which are in consonance with the data reported here.Also, G. D. Greville and
Temperature Dependence of Electric‐induced Light Scattering Performance for <scp>PLZT</scp> Ceramics (2014)

PLZT (7.45/71/29) ceramics with fully dense microstructure and high transmittance were fabricated by a hot‐press sintering method. The effects of temperature on the phase structure, ferroelectric property, and electric‐induced light scattering performance of the PLZT ceramics were examined and analyzed. XRD patterns indicated that the PLZT sample tended to transform from rhombohedral phase to tetragonal phase with the temperature increasing. And the temperature‐dependent ferroelectric hysteresis behavior of the PLZT sample revealed the conversion of a saturated square hysteresis loop to a double‐loop‐like hysteresis loop, accompanied with the significant reduction in coercive field and remnant polarization. Depending on the temperature, the PLZT sample exhibited three different kinds of electric‐induced light scattering performance.
Spin-on organic hardmask for topo-patterned substrate (2014)

Carbon rich hard mask underlayer (UL) material deposition has become inevitable process in all advanced lithography applications. UL processes which include chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and spin-on UL play a very important role for pattern transfer from patterned thin photoresist to the substrate. UL materials must satisfy several requirements, which have become more demanding with device shrinkage and increasing device complexity (FinFET, 3D integration). The most important properties of next generation UL materials are superior wiggle resistance, etch controllability, thermal resistance, planarization, and gap filling performance. In particular, planarization and gap fill properties of UL material for application on topo-patterned substrate are receiving much attention recently. CVD processes generally give better wiggle performance and thermal resistance, but poorer planarization and gap filling performance than spin-on UL processes. In addition, Cost of Ownership (CoO) of CVD process is higher than that of a spin-on UL process. Therefore spin-on organic hard mask (OHM) process has been investigated as an attractive alternative to CVD processing. In this paper, we focus on an investigation of key properties of spin-on UL materials for achieving good planarity and gap filling performance on topo-patterned substrate. Various material properties such as solution viscosity, glass transition temperature (Tg), and film shrinkage ratio were evaluated and correlations between these properties and planarization were discussed.
LOS PAÍSES MARGINADOS, LOS MÁS INTERESADOS EN AVANZAR EN LA GLOBALIZACIÓN (2001)

LOS PAISES MARGINADOS SON LOS M S INTERESADOS EN AVANZAR EN EL PROCESO DE GLOBALIZACION, PARA ASI PODER COMPETIR EN CONDICIONES DE IGUALDAD CON LAS NACIONES DESARROLLADAS, AFIRMO LEOPOLDO ZEA, COORDINADOR DEL PROGRAMA UNIVERSITARIO DE ESTUDIOS LATINOAMERICANOS. INDICO QUE LATINOAMERICA SE ENCUENTRA EN UNA POSICION SIMILAR A LA QUE TUVO EL CONTINENTE ASI TICO ANTES DE ALCANZAR LOS ACTUALES NIVELES DE DESARROLLO ECONOMICO. LO QUE DEBEN HACER ESTAS NACIONES, EXPLICO, ES GENERAR EMPLEO Y NO CONDENAR A LA MARGINACION A LOS INDIGENAS O DEJAR QUE QUIENES CRUZAN LA FRONTERA HACIA ESTADOS UNIDOS PARA BUSCAR TRABAJO MUERAN EN LOS DESIERTOS. EN CONFERENCIA DE PRENSA, EN UNA DE LAS SALAS DE LOS CONSEJOS ACADEMICOS DE µREA, SOSTUVO QUE ES CRITICABLE LA POSICION ASUMIDA POR ALGUNOS INTELECTUALES EUROPEOS CON RESPECTO A AMERICAA LATINA, QUIENES COMO ALAIN TOURAINE SOSTIENEN QUE LOS INDIGENAS NO CONOCEN DE DEMOCRACIA. ANUNCIO TAMBIEN LA REALIZACION DEL DECIMO CONGRESO DE LA FEDERACION INTERNACIONAL DE ESTUDIOS DE AMERICA LATINA, QUE TENDR  LUGAR DEL 25 AL 29 DE JUNIO EN MOSCU, Y COMENTO QUE LA EXPECTATIVA PARA ESE ACTO ES POSITIVA. SENALO QUE SE CUENTA YA CON APROXIMADAMENTE DOS MIL PONENCIAS Y DOS MIL QUINIENTOS PARTICIPANTES, Y JAPON SOLICITO LA SEDE PARA EL PROXIMO CONGRESO, A REALIZARSE EN EL 2003. PRECISO QUE EL ESTABLECIMIENTO DE DICHOS CONGRESOS DERIVA DE LA INICIATIVA QUE EN 1977 PRESENTO LA UNESCO, CON EL PROPOSITO DE IMPULSAR LOS ESTUDIOS LATINOAMERICANOS PARA ASI FOMENTAR LA INTEGRACION REGIONAL SOBRE LABASE DE LA LIBERTAD Y LA NO DEPENDENCIA.
Glycoprotein detection on immobilon PVDF transfer membrane using the periodic acid/Schiff reagent. (1990)

The periodic acid/Schiff (PAS) stain is a popular method for the detection of glycoproteins in polyacrylamide gels. The use of this stain after Western transfer of glycoproteins to PVDF membrane eliminates the need for extensive fixation steps, as well as shortening the time needed for washing steps. An example of the usefulness of this technique is demonstrated in the staining of a partially purified high molecular weight human tumor-associated glycoprotein antigen from the ascitic fluid of an ovarian cancer patient
Effect of Particle Size of Chemical Mechanical Polishing Slurries for Enhanced Polishing with Minimal Defects (2000)

In this study the effects of oversize particle contamination in chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) slurries were investigated on the silica CMP process. The limits of light scattering technique were established in detecting coarse particles in a commercial silica CMP slurry using two different methods. The detection limits were set by observing the shift in particle size distribution curve or by the appearance of an additional peak in the particle size distribution curve of the baseline slurry when a known amount of coarser particles were added to it. Simultaneously, polishing tests were conducted by spiking the base slurry with coarser sol‐gel silica particles at the established detection limits. It was observed that the contamination of larger particles not only created surface damage but also changed the material removal rate. The mechanism of polishing in the presence of larger size particles is discussed as a function of particle size and concentration. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Zwei Fallstudien zur politischen Kultur (1998)

'Dem auf kognitive Bestände und Wertorientierungen abzielenden Konzept von politischer Kultur steht entgegen, daß Einstellungen zur Politik oft nur geringe Stabilität besitzen. Die Studie von Einzelfällen zeigt zudem ein Bild der lebensweltlichen Einbettung von Politik, das die simple Bewertung politischer Objekte problematisch erscheinen läßt. Es wird vorgeschlagen, sich bei der Erkundung demokratischer Kultur in verstärktem Maß auf die Suche nach demokratischen Prinzipien der Problemlösung im Alltag zu begeben.' (Autorenreferat)
Sequence Analysis of the <i>actA</i> Gene of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Isolated from Human (1998)

The region encoding proline-rich units of actA genes was amplified from 24 strains of Listeria monocytogenes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR products of 13 strains showed the expected size of 623 bp, whereas those of 11 strains showed a short size of 518 bp. The shortening of these PCR products resulted from the deletion of one proline-rich unit. These results indicate that ActA proteins are divided into at least two different types which are unrelated to bacterial serotypes.
Characteristics of Skin Wrinkling and Dermal Changes Induced by Repeated Application of Squalene Monohydroperoxide to Hairless Mouse Skin (2003)

We have studied the effect of squalene monohydroperoxides (Sq-OOH), initial products of UV-peroxidated squalene, on the skin of hairless mice. Repeated topical application of 10 mM Sq-OOH to hairless mice for 15 weeks induced definite skin wrinkling. When image analysis was used to compare wrinkle formation induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation and Sq-OOH treatment, the degree of wrinkling in exposed skin was seen to be similar. However, the characteristics of wrinkles induced by either method differed markedly with regard to direction and distribution. Biochemical analysis revealed a significant decrease in collagen content per unit area and mass in Sq-OOH-treated skin, whereas no changes per unit area and decrease in collagen per unit mass were observed in UVB-irradiated skin. As for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content per unit area, significant increases were observed in both Sq-OOH-treated skin and UVB-irradiated skin. These changes were not induced by organic hydroperoxides such as TERT-butylhydroperoxide or cumene hydroperoxide treatment. Histological observation revealed epidermal hyperplasia and dermal alterations such as collagen degradation and GAG increases in Sq-OOH-treated skin. Histological changes induced by Sq-OOH were not as pronounced as those induced by UVB irradiation. These results clearly suggest that the wrinkling and changes in dermal collagen content induced by Sq-OOH are qualitatively different to those induced by UVB exposure. This may provide a useful model for the study of skin aging, particularly with regard to collagen content.