gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control of Spermidine and Spermine Levels in Rat Tissues by trans-4-Methylcyclohexylamine, a Spermidine-Synthase Inhibitor (2005)

In rat tissues, a decrease in spermidine, accompanied by an increase in spermine was induced by the oral administration (once daily for either 1 week or 1 month) of trans-4-methylcyclohexylamine (4MCHA), a spermidine synthase inhibitor. This is similar to the changes observed in polyamine content when cell growth is arrested. The body-weight gain of the rats tended to decrease with increasing doses of 4MCHA. A decrease in spermidine, combined with a moderate increase in spermine, was observed dose-dependently in all of the tissues tested, with a relatively fast clearance of 4MCHA. Manipulating the polyamine content of tissues, by daily administration of 100 mumol 4MCHA for 1 week, made it possible to estimate the effects of simultaneously added spermidine or spermine on endogenous polyamine contents. The altered polyamine levels, obtained after daily administration for 1 week, were maintained during the extended 1-month period, with growth-dependent alteration. The results show it is possible to produce experimental rats with a higher spermine:spermidine ratio than control rats to investigate the physiological significance of spermidine downregulation and spermine upregulation in vivo.
Adaptations for the Oxidation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Exhibited by the Structure of Human P450 1A2 (2007)

Microsomal cytochrome P450 family 1 enzymes play prominent roles in xenobiotic detoxication and procarcinogen activation. P450 1A2 is the principal cytochrome P450 family 1 enzyme expressed in human liver and participates extensively in drug oxidations. This enzyme is also of great importance in the bioactivation of mutagens, including the N-hydroxylation of arylamines. P450-catalyzed reactions involve a wide range of substrates, and this versatility is reflected in a structural diversity evident in the active sites of available P450 structures. Here, we present the structure of human P450 1A2 in complex with the inhibitor alpha-naphthoflavone, determined to a resolution of 1.95 A. alpha-Naphthoflavone is bound in the active site above the distal surface of the heme prosthetic group. The structure reveals a compact, closed active site cavity that is highly adapted for the positioning and oxidation of relatively large, planar substrates. This unique topology is clearly distinct from known active site architectures of P450 family 2 and 3 enzymes and demonstrates how P450 family 1 enzymes have evolved to catalyze efficiently polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon oxidation. This report provides the first structure of a microsomal P450 from family 1 and offers a template to study further structure-function relationships of alternative substrates and other cytochrome P450 family 1 members.
Gabriel H. Cohn : Das Buch Jona im Lichte der biblischen Erzählkunst — Studia Semitica Neerlandica 12, 1969 (1971)

Jacob Edmond. Gabriel H. Cohn : Das Buch Jona im Lichte der biblischen Erzählkunst — Studia Semitica Neerlandica 12, 1969. In: Revue d'histoire et de philosophie religieuses, 51e année n°3-4,1971. pp. 379-380.
ACTIVATION FUNCTIONS IN NEURAL NETWORKS (2020)

Artificial Neural Networks are inspired from the human brain and the network of neurons present in the brain. The information is processed and passed on from one neuron to another through neuro synaptic junctions. Similarly, in artificial neural networks there are different layers of cells arranged and connected to each other. The output/information from the inner layers of the neural network are passed on to the next layers and finally to the outermost layer which gives the output. The input to the outer layer is provided nonlinearity to inner layers' output so that it can be further processed. In an Artificial Neural Network, activation functions are very important as they help in learning and making sense of non-linear and complicated mappings between the inputs and corresponding outputs.
Specific Sorting of Single Bacterial Cells with Microfabricated Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting and Tyramide Signal Amplification Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (2011)

When attempting to probe the genetic makeup of diverse bacterial communities that elude cell culturing, researchers face two primary challenges: isolation of rare bacteria from microbial samples and removal of contaminating cell-free DNA. We report a compact, low-cost, and high-performance microfabricated fluorescence-activated cell sorting (μFACS) technology in combination with a tyramide signal amplification fluorescence in situ hybridization (TSA-FISH) to address these two challenges. The TSA-FISH protocol that was adapted for flow cytometry yields a 10-30-fold enhancement in fluorescence intensity over standard FISH methods. The μFACS technology, capable of enhancing its sensitivity by ~18 dB through signal processing, was able to enrich TSA-FISH-labeled E. coli cells by 223-fold. The μFACS technology was also used to remove contaminating cell-free DNA. After two rounds of sorting on E. coli mixed with λ-phage DNA (10 ng/μL), we demonstrated over 100,000-fold reduction in λ-DNA concentration. The integrated μFACS and TSA-FISH technologies provide a highly effective and low-cost solution for research on the genomic complexity of bacteria as well as single-cell genomic analysis of other sample types.
Crystals of luciferase from Vibrio harveyi. A preliminary characterization. (1985)

Bacterial luciferase from Vibrio harveyi, the 77,000-dalton light-emitting enzyme of the marine bacterium, has been crystallized into a two million cubic Angstrom cell with P212121 symmetry. The cell constants are a = 59.6 +/- 0.4 A, b = 112 +/- 0.7 A, and c = 302 +/- 2 A. The reflections corresponding to the 302-A cell edge can be resolved by suitable collimation of the incident beam, without resorting to focusing mirrors. The crystals diffract to better than 3-A resolution and are large enough (0.7 mm) for data collection. The crystallization conditions are presented and general crystallization characteristics are discussed.
Reactivity of Methacrylates in Insertion Polymerization (2010)

Polymerization of ethylene by complexes [{(P^O)PdMe(L)}] (P^O = κ(2)-(P,O)-2-(2-MeOC(6)H(4))(2)PC(6)H(4)SO(3))) affords homopolyethylene free of any methyl methacrylate (MMA)-derived units, even in the presence of substantial concentrations of MMA. In stoichiometric studies, reactive {(P^O)Pd(Me)L} fragments generated by halide abstraction from [({(P^O)Pd(Me)Cl}μ-Na)(2)] insert MMA in a 1,2- as well as 2,1-mode. The 1,2-insertion product forms a stable five-membered chelate by coordination of the carbonyl group. Thermodynamic parameters for MMA insertion are ΔH(++) = 69.0(3.1) kJ mol(-1) and ΔS(++) = -103(10) J mol(-1) K(-1) (total average for 1,2- and 2,1-insertion), in comparison to ΔH(++) = 48.5(3.0) kJ mol(-1) and ΔS(++) = -138(7) J mol(-1) K(-1) for methyl acrylate (MA) insertion. These data agree with an observed at least 10(2)-fold preference for MA incorporation vs MMA incorporation (not detected) under polymerization conditions. Copolymerization of ethylene with a bifunctional acrylate-methacrylate monomer yields linear polyethylenes with intact methacrylate substituents. Post-polymerization modification of the latter was exemplified by free-radical thiol addition and by cross-metathesis.
A General Treatment of Solvent Effects Based on Screened Coulomb Potentials (2000)

A new implicit solvent model for Monte Carlo simulations of peptides and proteins is presented. The important features of the model are: electrostatics of polar solvation described by nonlinear, distance-dependent screened Coulomb potentials that are formally connected to classical dielectric theory of polar solvation; the self-energy is derived from the integral form of the Born equation; and the introduction of the Born radius of an atom embedded in a protein modeled as a dielectric continuum. The model was parametrized in the context of the CHARMM PAR22 force field by fitting to experimental solvation free energies of amino acid side chain analogues. Introduction of an intrinsic vacuum screening constant for each amino acid was required to obtain the correct screening behavior in solution. Solvation energies of several peptides in different conformations were calculated and compared with the corresponding quantities calculated with the Poisson−Boltzmann equation. The comparative results were highly correlated in all cases, and the correlation was independent of peptide length and charge. Moreover, the self-energy terms and the electrostatic interaction energies, separately calculated from the two methods, were also highly correlated. The computing time required for the model is about 5 times the vacuum calculation for small systems (∼100 atoms), but decreases to a factor of 3 as the system size increases. The development of a new hydrogen-bonding algorithm as well as initial results of using the new model for sequence-to-structure calculations on peptides is presented in the accompanying paper. The combination results in a complete continuum solvation model.
AUTOMATED DETECTION OF INTERNAL INSECT INFESTATIONS IN WHOLE WHEAT KERNELS USING A PERTEN SKCS 4100 (2003)

The wheat industry is in need of an automated, economical, and rapid means of detecting whole wheat kernelswith internal insect infestation. The feasibility of the Perten Single Kernel Characterization System (SKCS) to detect internalinsect infestations was studied. The SKCS monitors compression force and electrical conductance as individual kernels arecrushed. Samples of hard red winter (HRW) wheat and soft red winter (SRW) wheat infested with rice weevil [Sitophilus oryzae(L.)] and lesser grain borer [Rhyzopertha dominica (F.)] were run through the SKCS and the conductance/force signals savedfor post-run processing. Algorithms were developed to detect kernels with live internal insects, kernels with dead internalinsects, and kernels from which insects have emerged. The conductance signal was used to detect live infestations and theforce signal for dead and emerged infestations. Live insect detection rates were 24.5% for small-sized larvae, 62.2% formedium-sized larvae, 87.5% for large-sized larvae, and 88.4% for pupae. The predicted, and observed, false positive (soundkernels classified as infested) rate was 0.01%. Dead insect detection rates were 60.7% for large-sized larvae, 65.1% forpupae, and 72.6% for kernels where the insect emerged. The false positive rate of the dead insect detection algorithm rangedfrom 0.2% for SRW to 0.5% for HRW. In all cases, insect detection rates were higher for rice weevil than lesser grain borer.The classification algorithms were robust for a wide range of moisture contents.
The Antilipolytic Action of Insulin on Adrenocorticotrophin-Stimulated Rat Adipocytes (2005)

The extent to which a fall in cellular cyclic AMP could account for the antilipolytic action in rat epididymal adipocytes incubated with adrenocorticotrophic hormone was studied. The antilipolytic effect, measured by suppression of glycerol release, was always associated with a decrease in cyclic AMP, but the magnitude of the fall was modified by several factors. For example, it was greater when the cAMP level was high, as when it is at its peak after hormone stimulation, or when cell concentrations are low. Glucose did not modify appreciably the insulin effect on the nucleotide level. The inhibitory effects of insulin on corticotrophin-stimulated lipolysis and cyclic AMP levels were detectable at the concentrations of 1 microU/ml and were biphasic, with maximal effects at 10-100 microU/ml. Protein kinase activity ratio was similarly affected. Activity of cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase conformed closely to the level of cyclic AMP. There was no indication that insulin modified the sensitivity of the kinase to cyclic AMP. Insulin did not alter the relationship of cellular cyclic AMP levels to glycerol when adipocytes were incubated with various concentrations of corticotrophin. This was true, irrespective of whether measurements were made when cyclic AMP was on the upward rise after hormone stimulation, or on the decline. The curves obtained with and without insulin were superimposable. It is concluded that the inhibitory action of insulin on lipolysis in fat cells can be fully accounted for by a decrease in cyclic AMP.
Investigation of coupled mode behaviour of electrically small meander antennas (2007)

The coupled mode behaviour of two electrically small meander antennas is investigated by simulation and measurement. Results of the modal resonant frequency, the power transfer efficiency and the input impedance as functions of the antenna separation are presented. It is found that high power transfer efficiency can be achieved in the coupled mode region. The input impedance is analysed in terms of the radiation resistance, loss resistance and load resistance. The effect of inductively loading the antennas on the power transfer efficiency is also studied.
Sensorineural deafness inherited as a tissue specific mitochondrial disorder. (1992)

We present here a large Israeli-Arab kindred with hereditary deafness. In this family 55 deaf subjects (29M, 26F), who are otherwise healthy, have been identified and traced back five generations to one common female ancestor. The deafness is progressive in nature, usually presenting in infancy and childhood. Audiometry on six deaf and seven unaffected subjects was consistent with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. Based on formal family segregation analysis, the inheritance of deafness in this family closely fits the expectation of a two locus model owing to the simultaneous mutation of a mitochondrial gene and an autosomal recessive gene. Thus, this disorder appears to have the unusual features of being an inherited tissue specific mitochondrial disease and apparently requiring the homozygous presence of a nuclear gene for clinical expression. Most importantly, this disorder presents a unique opportunity to investigate the molecular basis of hereditary non-syndromic deafness and normal hearing.
Conversion of fructose and inulin to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in sustainable betaine hydrochloride-based media (2011)

We show here that betaine hydrochloride (BHC), a co-product of the carbohydrate industry, can be used for the design of cheap and safe media capable of promoting the dehydration of fructose and inulin to HMF. In particular, in these BHC-based media, HMF was obtained with up to 84% yield, thus offering a competitive route to the traditional imidazolium-based ionic liquids.
Colocalization of Somatostatin Receptor sst5 and Insulin in Rat Pancreatic β-Cells* (1999)

Somatostatin, also known as somatotropin release-inhibiting factor (SRIF), is secreted by pancreatic delta-cells and inhibits the secretion of both insulin and glucagon. SRIF initiates its actions by binding to a family of six G protein-coupled receptors (sst1, -2A, -2B, -3, -4, and -5) encoded by five genes. Messenger RNA for both sst2 and sst5 have been reported in the rat pancreas, and the sst2A receptor protein has been localized to rat pancreatic alpha and pancreatic polypeptide-secreting cells in the islets as well as to pancreatic acinar cells. In this study we have used double immunostaining to show that the sst5 protein is expressed exclusively in the beta-cells of rat pancreatic islets and localizes with insulin-secreting alpha-cells. The sst5 receptor is not colocalized with sst2A. Thus, in the rat SRIF inhibits pancreatic insulin and glucagon secretion via different sst receptor subtypes.
Dust Control in Pig Houses by Spraying Rapeseed Oil (1995)

Airborne dust concentrations in pig houses were reduced by spraying with a mixture of water and rapeseed oil (1 to 4 treatments d1). The daily doses of oil (5 to 64 mL pig1 d1) were varied as the oil concentrations (5 to 20%) and the duration of the spraying time (5 to 90 s d1) were changed. The treatment did not cause an increase of the average concentration of vegetable oil in the air. No pathological lung change in the pigs related to the treatment with rapeseed oil was found, and no indication of oil resorption to lung tissues, lymph nodes, or upper respiratory systems in the pigs was seen.
Preclinical immunoprophylactic and immunotherapeutic efficacy of antisera to capsular polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccines of Vibrio vulnificus (1996)

Vibrio vulnificus is an oyster-associated bacterial pathogen that causes life-threatening fulminating septicemia and necrotizing wound infections in humans. The capsular polysaccharide of V. vulnificus (VvPS) is critical for virulence. Previously we showed that active immunization of mice with a VvPS-tetanus toxoid (VvPS-TTa) conjugate vaccine conferred significantly higher protection against subsequent lethal challenge than immunization with VvPS alone. In the current study, we examined the utility of immunoprophylaxis or immunotherapy with hyperimmune antisera elicited by VvPS-TTa and VvPS-TTb conjugate vaccines prepared by different synthetic schemes. First we demonstrated that the Ribi adjuvant significantly enhanced the murine antibody response (P < or = 0.02) to both conjugates. Subsequently, high-titered polyclonal antisera were raised to VvPS-TTa and VvPS-TTb conjugate vaccines by using Ribi adjuvant or Freund's adjuvants. Antisera were observed to have protective effects when administered before and after acute lethal infection. All animals receiving prophylactic antisera intraperitoneally 24 h before lethal challenge with homologous carbotype 1 were protected, while 73 to 100% of control mice succumbed. Immunotherapy was also effective, with survival rates of 60 to 73% seen among mice when antisera were administered 2 h after bacterial challenge, at a time when symptoms of infection were already apparent. The protective effect of capsular antiserum appeared to be serotype specific. Antisera to the, carbotype 1 VvPS-TTa vaccine did not confer cross-protection against lethal challenge with carbotype 2 V. vulnificus despite partial structural similarity and a weak serological cross-reaction between the two carbotypes. Immune globulins induced by a potential multivalent VvPS conjugate vaccine composed of clinically prevalent carbotypes may have utility in the management of V. vulnificus infections and deserve further evaluation.
Variability in mesophyll conductance between barley genotypes, and effects on transpiration efficiency and carbon isotope discrimination (2010)

Leaf internal, or mesophyll, conductance to CO(2) (g(m)) is a significant and variable limitation of photosynthesis that also affects leaf transpiration efficiency (TE). Genotypic variation in g(m) and the effect of g(m) on TE were assessed in six barley genotypes (four Hordeum vulgare and two H. bulbosum). Significant variation in g(m) was found between genotypes, and was correlated with photosynthetic rate. The genotype with the highest g(m) also had the highest TE and the lowest carbon isotope discrimination as recorded in leaf tissue (Delta(p)). These results suggest g(m) has unexplored potential to provide TE improvement within crop breeding programmes.
Ultra-Low Doses of Chirality Sorted (6,5) Carbon Nanotubes for Simultaneous Tumor Imaging and Photothermal Therapy (2013)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) exhibit intrinsic fluorescence and strong optical absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) biological window (0.7-1.4 μm), rendering them ideal for in vivo imaging and photothermal therapy. Advances in SWCNT sorting have led to improved nanoelectronics and are promising for nanomedicine. To date, SWCNTs used in vivo consist of heterogeneous mixtures of nanotubes and only a small subset of chirality nanotubes fluoresces or heats under a NIR laser. Here, we demonstrate that separated (6,5) SWCNTs exchanged into a biocompatible surfactant, C18-PMH-mPEG, are more than 6-fold brighter in photoluminescence on the per mass basis, afford clear tumor imaging, and reach requisite photothermal tumor ablation temperatures with a >10-fold lower injected dose than as-synthesized SWCNT mixtures while exhibiting relatively low (6,5) accumulation in the reticuloendothelial system. The intravenous injection of ∼4 μg of (6,5) SWCNTs per mouse (0.254 mg/kg) for dual imaging/photothermal therapy is, by far, the lowest reported dose for nanoparticle-based in vivo therapeutics.
Relevance of translocation type in myxoid liposarcoma and identification of a novel <i>EWSR1‐DDIT3</i> fusion (2007)

The clinical course of myxoid/round cell liposarcoma (MRCL) is characterized by frequent local recurrences and metastases at unusual sites. MRCLs carry specific translocations, t(12;16) or rarely t(12;22), linking the FUS or the EWSR1 gene with the DDIT3 gene, respectively. Nine FUS/DDIT3 and three EWSR1/DDIT3 variants of fusion transcripts have been described thus far. In search of prognostic markers for MRCL, we analyzed the translocation types of 31 patients and related them to the event free and overall survival. Using break-apart FISH and RT-PCR combined with DNA sequencing, we detected FUS/DDIT3 fusions in 30 sarcomas, while an EWSR1/DDIT3 translocation was identified in one tumor. FUS/DDIT3 type II (exons 5-2) was most commonly detected (20 cases), followed by type I (7-2) (7 cases) and type III (8-2) (3 cases). A single tumor carrying a t(12;22) translocation expressed a hitherto unknown EWSR1-DDIT3 fusion transcript (13-3) linking the complete RNA-binding domain of EWSR1 with a short piece of the 5'-UTR and the entire open reading frame of the DDIT3 gene. Interestingly, five of six patients with type I (7-2) FUS/DDIT3 fusions displayed local recurrences and/or metastatic spread within the first 3 years, generally requiring chemotherapeutical treatment (median disease-free survival 17 months). In contrast, 9 of 13 patients with type II FUS/DDIT3 translocations remained at 3 years disease-free (median disease-free survival 75 months). Since the total number of patients is still limited, further studies are required to verify a putative association of type I FUS/DDIT3-fusion transcripts with a prognosis of MRCL.
Integrated design of linear alternator/engine system for HEV auxiliary power unit (2002)

For a cleaner environment and efficient operation, vehicles rely more and more heavily on electrical power generation for success, and the advent of the hybrid electric vehicle has emphasized the need to re-examine efficient, compact generators for use in vehicle propulsion. Crankless linear engines coupled to linear alternators have gained recent visibility and West Virginia University (WVU) has already enjoyed success in the research of spark-ignited and compression ignition linear engines coupled to permanent magnet alternators. This research will provide an integrated design approach for the alternator which accounts for the characteristics of the engine used as the prime mover and the interactions between the engine and the alternator.