gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transparent in Situ Data Transformations in ADIOS (2014)

Though an abundance of novel "data transformation" technologies have been developed (such as compression, level-of-detail, layout optimization, and indexing), there remains a notable gap in the adoption of such services by scientific applications. In response, we develop an in situ data transformation framework in the ADIOS I/O middleware with a "plug in" interface, thus greatly simplifying both the deployment and use of data transform services in scientific applications. Our approach ensures user-transparency, runtime-configurability, compatibility with existing I/O optimizations, and the potential for exploiting read-optimizing transforms (such as level-of-detail) to achieve I/O reduction. We demonstrate use of our framework with the QLG simulation at up to 8,192 cores on the leadership-class Titan supercomputer, showing negligible overhead. We also explore the read performance implications of data transforms with respect to parameters such as chunk size, access pattern, and the "opacity" of different transform methods including compression and level-of-detail.
Overvoltage phenomena in offshore wind farms following blocking of the HVDC converter (2016)

This paper presents measurement and simulation results in offshore wind farms following blocking of the HVDC converter used for connecting the wind farm to the main onshore grid. It is shown that the voltage will rise by approximately 30% within 50-100 ms in the ensuing island operation. The process is superimposed by transients caused by short but repetitive periods of saturation of the transformer resulting in excitation of the resonance frequency between transformer and cable capacitance predominantly in the zero sequence. It is demonstrated that in EMT type simulation the phenomena can be reproduced provided that the wind turbine control and the saturation of the transformer are properly modelled. A simulation tool has been used to demonstrate the effect of the level of wind farm loading at the instant of islanding on the observed phenomena.
Requesting Answering Modes for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) (2008)

This document extends SIP with two header fields and associated option tags that can be used in INVITE requests to convey the requester's preference for user-interface handling related to answering of that request.The first header, "Answer-Mode", expresses a preference as to whether the target node's user interface waits for user input before accepting the request or, instead, accepts the request without waiting on user input.The second header, "Priv-Answer-Mode", is similar to the first, except that it requests administrative-level access and has consequent additional authentication and authorization requirements.These behaviors have applicability to applications such as push-to-talk and to diagnostics like loop-back.Usage of each header field in a response to indicate how the request was handled is also defined.
TGF- 1 causes airway fibrosis and increased collagen I and III mRNA in mice (2003)

This new model should facilitate detailed study of airway remodelling that occurs in the absence of detectable cellular inflammation, and allow examination of the functional consequences of a major structural alteration in the conducting airways uncomplicated by inflammatory cell influx.
Control of Aerodynamic Flows. Delivery Order 0051: Transition Prediction Method Review Summary for the Rapid Assessment Tool for Transition Prediction (RATTraP) (2005)

Abstract : The purpose of this report is to review available methods for predicting the transition of boundary layers. The emphasis will be on methods for transition mechanisms which are relevant to the flight conditions and geometric configurations of high altitude, long endurance aircraft, although the methods themselves may be much more general than this specific case. Each method will be evaluated according to certain criteria which are appropriate to the development of a computationally efficient, accurate and robust transition prediction module which is fully integrated into a general purpose CFD code. For each particular transition mechanism, a method will be selected which best satisfies all of the criteria.
Low complexity stopping criteria for UMTS turbo-decoders (2004)

Turbo-codes are part of the third generation wireless communications system (UMTS). A turbo-decoder consists of two soft-in soft-out component decoders, which exchange information (soft-values) in an iterative process. The number of iterations for decoding strongly depends on the channel characteristic which can change from block to block due to fading. In this paper, we present two new stopping criteria which can be implemented on dedicated hardware or DSP with negligible overhead. The new criteria operate on the sum of the absolute soft output values, calculated after each component decoder and is referred to as sum reliability. We compare the communications performance and average number of iterations of our proposed criteria to other criteria in literature using a fixed-point 8-state turbo-decoder implementation in an UMTS FDD-downlink chain. An analysis of the arithmetic complexity and memory demand yields minimal overhead with excellent performance compared to other stopping criteria.
Thermal and electrical conductivity of approximately 100-nm permalloy, Ni, Co, Al, and Cu films and examination of the Wiedemann-Franz Law (2015)

We present measurements of thermal and electrical conductivity of polycrystalline permalloy (Ni-Fe), aluminum, copper, cobalt, and nickel thin films with thickness $<200$ nm. A micromachined silicon-nitride membrane thermal-isolation platform allows measurements of both transport properties on a single film and an accurate probe of the Wiedemann--Franz (WF) law expected to relate the two. Through careful elimination of possible effects of surface scattering of phonons in the supporting membrane, we find excellent agreement with WF in a thin Ni-Fe film over nearly the entire temperature range from 77 to 325 K. All other materials studied here deviate somewhat from the WF prediction of electronic thermal conductivity with a Lorenz number, $L$, suppressed from the free-electron value by $10%\phantom{\rule{4.pt}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{4.pt}{0ex}}20%$. For Al and Cu we compare the results to predictions of the theoretical expression for the Lorenz number as a function of $T$. This comparison indicates two different types of deviation from expected behavior. In the Cu film, a higher than expected $L$ at lower $T$ indicates an additional thermal conduction mechanism, while at higher $T$ lower than expected values suggests an additional inelastic scattering mechanism for electrons. We suggest the additional low-$T\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}L$ indicates a phonon contribution to thermal conductivity and consider increased electron-phonon scattering at grain boundaries or surfaces to explain the high-$T$ reduction in $L$.
Hormone Replacement Therapy or Prophylaxis in Postmenopausal Women with Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection (2001)

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common bacterial infection in women, and it occurs with much greater frequency among elderly than among younger women and with increasing frequency among postmenopausal women. In young to middleage women, the prevalence of UTI is !5%, rising considerably with advancing age. Epidemiologic studies have shown that »15%‐20% of 65- to 70-year old women have bacteriuria, compared with »20%‐50% of women 180 years old [1]. Despite the high prevalence of bacteriuria among postmenopausal women, the factors predisposing such women to UTI have not been explored adequately as compared with those for premenopausal women. However, it has been shown in an epidemiologic and clinical case-control study that nonsecretory status and urologic factors, such as residual volume, reduced urinary flow, previous urogenital surgery, incontinence, and cystocele, are strongly associated with recurrent UTIs in postmenopausal women [2]. Another important factor related to recurrent UTIs is the lack of estrogen, which occurs during menopause, the period starting 1 year after the last menstruation and a time that is expected to encompass one-third of a woman’s life.
Androgen receptor YAC transgenic mice carrying CAG 45 alleles show trinucleotide repeat instability (1998)

X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the first exon of the androgen receptor (AR) gene. Disease-associated alleles (37-66 CAGs) change in length when transmitted from parents to offspring, with a significantly greater tendency to shift size when inherited paternally. As transgenic mice carrying human AR cDNAs with 45 and 66 CAG repeats do not display repeat instability, we attempted to model trinucleotide repeat instability by generating transgenic mice with yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) carrying AR CAG repeat expansions in their genomic context. Studies of independent lines of AR YAC transgenic mice with CAG 45 alleles reveal intergenerational instability at an overall rate of approximately 10%. We also find that the 45 CAG repeat tracts are significantly more unstable with maternal transmission and as the transmitting mother ages. Of all the CAG/CTG repeat transgenic mice produced to date the AR YAC CAG 45 mice are unstable with the smallest trinucleotide repeat mutations, suggesting that the length threshold for repeat instability in the mouse may be lowered by including the appropriate flanking human DNA sequences. By sequence-tagged site content analysis and long range mapping we determined that one unstable transgenic line has integrated an approximately 70 kb segment of the AR locus due to fragmentation of the AR YAC. Identification of the cis -acting elements that permit CAG tract instability and the trans -acting factors that modulate repeat instability in the AR YAC CAG 45 mice may provide insights into the molecular basis of trinucleotide repeat instability in humans.
Cardiotrophin 1 (CT-1) Inhibition of Cardiac Myocyte Apoptosis via a Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase-dependent Pathway (1997)

Cardiac myocyte survival is of central importance in the maintenance of the function of heart, as well as in the development of a variety of cardiac diseases. To understand the molecular mechanisms that govern this function, we characterized apoptosis in cardiac muscle cells following serum deprivation. Cardiotrophin 1 (CT-1), a potent cardiac survival factor (Sheng, Z., Pennica, D., Wood, W. I., and Chien, K. R. (1996) Development (Camb.) 122, 419-428), is capable of inhibiting apoptosis in cardiac myocytes. To explore the potential downstream pathways that might be responsible for this effect, we documented that CT-1 activated both signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)- and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase-dependent pathways. The transfection of a MAP kinase kinase 1 (MEK1) dominant negative mutant cDNA into myocardial cells blocked the antiapoptotic effects of CT-1, indicating a requirement of the MAP kinase pathway for the survival effect of CT-1. A MEK-specific inhibitor (PD098059) (Dudley, D. T., Pang, L., Decker, S.-J., Bridges, A. J., and Saltiel, A. R. (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 7686-7689) is capable of blocking the activation of MAP kinase, as well as the survival effect of CT-1. In contrast, this inhibitor did not block the activation of STAT3, nor did it have any effect on the hypertrophic response elicited following stimulation of CT-1. Therefore, CT-1 promotes cardiac myocyte survival via the activation of an antiapoptotic signaling pathway that requires MAP kinases, whereas the hypertrophy induced by CT-1 may be mediated by alternative pathways, e.g. Janus kinase/STAT or MEK kinase/c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinase.
The Application of Chiral Oxazolidinethiones and Thiazolidinethiones in Asymmetric Synthesis (2002)

Oxazolidinethiones and thiazolidinethiones constitute a class of versatile chiral auxiliaries for asymmetric synthesis. Their easy preparation from readily available β-amino-alcohols and the high levels of asymmetric induction they provide make them excellent chiral auxiliaries useful for the preparation of chiral intermediates in the synthesis of natural products. These chiral auxiliaries have been utilized in a wide variety of synthetic transformations such as asymmetric aldol condensation, stereoselective alkylation of different electrophiles, stereoselective differentiation of enantiotopic groups in molecules bearing prochiral centers, and other interesting applications. This review attempts to summarize the preparation, synthetic applications, and cleavage of oxazolidinethiones and thiazolidinethiones, as well as the manipulation of chiral intermediates obtained in asymmetric transformations involving these chiral auxiliaries.
Immune stimulatory and anti-tumor properties of anti-CD3 and BAT monoclonal antibodies: A comparative study (1997)

A novel monoclonal antibody raised to Daudi cell membranes was found to exhibit immune stimulatory and anti-tumor properties. The activity of this antibody (BAT) which also binds T cells was compared to that of anti-CD3. Anti-CD3 reacts with the T cell receptor complex, induces cell proliferation, and cytolytic activity in vitro and also manifests in vivo anti-tumor effect against murine tumors. Comparison of the two antibodies demonstrates similar induction in vitro of splenocyte proliferation and cytolytic activity. Both BAT and anti-CD3 antibodies manifest anti-tumor activity in mice bearing B16 melanoma. They differ however in the timing of antibody administration post-tumor inoculation which is most effective in eliciting the anti-tumor effect. Whereas BAT is most effective when administered 10 to 14 days post-tumor inoculation, anti-CD3 is effective at an early time. Data also indicate that BAT synergises with tumor cells in eliciting cell proliferation in vitro. In contrast, this effect could not be demonstrated with anti-CD3. The properties of BAT may be of advantage in its potential clinical use.
Hot Spot Effects in Hybrid Circuits (1988)

The temperature field due to a hot spot is investigated using a two-dimensional, an improved two-dimensional, and a three-dimensional analysis. It is shown that if the dimensions of the heat source are less than a critical distance, a two-dimensional approach fails even for substrates with a high-thermal conductivity. A combined model involving a local zooming is proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The modelling of positron emitter production and PET imaging during carbon ion therapy (2004)

At the carbon ion therapy facility of GSI Darmstadt in-beam positron emission tomography (PET) is used for imaging the beta+-activity distributions which are produced via nuclear fragmentation reactions between the carbon ions and the atomic nuclei of the irradiated tissue. On the basis of these PET images the quality of the irradiation, i.e. the position of the field, the particle range in vivo and even local deviations between the planned and the applied dose distribution, can be evaluated. However, for such an evaluation the measured beta+-activity distributions have to be compared with those predicted from the treatment plan. The predictions are calculated as follows: a Monte Carlo event generator produces list mode data files of the same format as the PET scanner in order to be processed like the measured ones for tomographic reconstruction. The event generator models the whole chain from the interaction of the projectiles with the target, i.e. their stopping and nuclear reactions, the production and the decay of positron emitters, the motion of the positrons as well as the propagation and the detection of the annihilation photons. The steps of the modelling, the experimental validation and clinical implementation are presented.
Identification of Platelet Antigens by Monoclonal Antibodies Using Crossed Immunoelectrophoresis with Immunoblotting of the Monoclonal Antibody (1987)

A method is described for the identification of antigens by monoclonal antibodies. This is applicable whenever precipitating antibodies to the same antigens from a different species are available. The method is based upon: Separation and immunoprecipitation of cellular proteins with a polyspecific antiserum in crossed immunoelectrophoresis in the presence of the non-denaturing detergent Triton X-100 and the monoclonal antibody. Coprecipitation of the monoclonal antibody with its antigen. Subsequent passive transfer of the monoclonal antibody in the antibody-antigen complex onto a nitrocellulose membrane. Visualization of the blotted antibody using an enzyme-linked secondary antibody and a chromogenic substrate. Identification of the corresponding antigen by comparisons to the immunoprecipitate pattern of the original immunoplate. To test this method we have analyzed the detection of the antigens recognized by six previously described monoclonal antibodies against platelet membrane proteins and von Willebrand factor. Specific immunoblots were obtained in each case using small amounts of monoclonal antibodies. Thus, the technique provides an alternative when epitopes are denatured by SDS, and avoids the use of radioactively labelled monoclonal antibodies.
Assigning product ions from complex MS/MS spectra: The importance of mass uncertainty and resolving power (2004)

This study offers a unique insight into the mass accuracy and resolving power requirements in MS/MS analyses of complex product ion spectra. In the examples presented here, accurate mass assignments were often difficult because of multiple isobaric interferences and centroid mass shifts. The question then arose whether the resolving power of a medium-resolution quadrupole time-of flight (QqTOF) is sufficient or high-resolution Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) is required for unambiguous assignments of elemental compositions. For the comparison, two paralytic shellfish poisons (PSP), saxitoxin (STX) and neosaxitoxin (NEO), with molecular weights of 299 and 315 g x mol(-1), respectively, were chosen because of the high peak density in their MS/MS spectra. The assessment of QqTOF collision-induced dissociation spectra and FT-ICR infrared multiphoton dissociation spectra revealed that several intrinsic dissociation pathways leading to isobaric fragment ions could not be resolved with the QqTOF instrument and required FT-ICR to distinguish very close mass differences. The second major source of interferences was M + 1 species originating from coactivated 13C12Cc-1 ion contributions of the protonated molecules of the PSPs. The problem in QqTOF MS results from internal mass calibration when the MH+ ions of analyte and mass calibrant are activated at the same time in the collision or trapping cell. Although FT-ICR MS readily resolved these interfering species, the QqTOF did not provide resolving power >20,000 (full width at half maximum) required to separate most isobaric species. We were able to develop a semi-internal QqTOF calibration technique that activated only the isolated 12C isotope species of the protonated molecules, thus reducing the M + 1 interferences significantly. In terms of overall automated elemental formulas assignment, FT-ICR MS achieved the first formula hit for 100% of the product ions, whereas the QqTOF MS hit rate was only 56 and 65% for STX and NEO product ions, respectively. External mass calibration from commercial FT-ICR and QqTOF instruments gave similar results.
A Priority-Based 6T/8T Hybrid SRAM Architecture for Aggressive Voltage Scaling in Video Applications (2011)

We present a voltage-scalable and process-variation resilient, hybrid memory architecture, suitable for use in MPEG-4 video processors such that power dissipation can be traded for graceful degradation in “quality.” The key innovation in our proposed work is a hybrid memory array, which is a mixture of conventional 6T and 8T SRAM bit-cells. The fundamental premise of our approach lies in the fact that the human visual system is mostly sensitive to higher order bits of luminance pixels in video data. We implemented a preferential storage policy in which the higher order luma bits are stored in robust 8T bit-cells while the lower order bits are stored in conventional 6T bit-cells. This facilitates aggressive scaling of supply voltage in memory as the important luma bits, stored in 8T bit-cells, remain relatively unaffected by voltage scaling. The not-so-important lower order luma bits, stored in 6T bit-cells, if affected, contribute insignificantly to the overall degradation in output video quality. Simulation results show that under iso-area condition, we can obtain at least 32% power savings in the hybrid memory array compared to the conventional 6T SRAM array.
Liquid crystal engineering – new complex mesophase structures and their relations to polymer morphologies, nanoscale patterning and crystal engineering (2007)

This critical review focuses on recent progress in the field of T-shaped ternary amphiphiles. These molecules can self-assemble into a series of new liquid crystalline (LC) phases with polygonal cylinder structures, new lamellar phases and LC phases combining columns and layers. These structures are analyzed on the basis of symmetry, net topology and tiling pattern (Laves and Archimedean tilings) and discussed in relation to morphologies of multiblock copolymers, self organized DNA super-lattices, metal-organic frameworks, crystal-engineering and self-assembled periodic superstructures on surfaces (210 references).
Iron-binding Proteins in Milk and Resistance to Escherichia coli Infection in Infants (1972)

Human milk contains large quantities of iron-binding protein, of which the greater proportion is lactoferrin, though small amounts of transferrin are also present. Three samples of human milk with unsaturated iron-binding capacities of between 56 and 89% had a powerful bacteriostatic effect on Escherichia coli O111/B4. The bacteriostatic properties of milk were abolished if the iron-binding proteins were saturated with iron. Purified human lactoferrin, in combination with specific E. coli antibody, strongly inhibited the growth of E. coli, and this effect was also abolished by saturating the lactoferrin with iron.Guinea-pig milk also contains lactoferrin and transferrin. Newly born guinea-pigs fed on an artificial diet and dosed with E. coli O111 had higher counts of E. coli O111 in the intestine than suckled animals. The apparent suppressive effect of guinea-pig milk on E. coli in the intestine could be reversed by feeding the iron compound haematin. It seems that iron-binding proteins in milk may play an important part in resistance to infantile enteritis caused by E. coli.
Pyramidic Mesophases (1985)

Two series of mesogenic compounds consisting of a rigid pyramidal central core and six equal flexible side chains were synthesized and their mesomorphic properties studied by calorimetry and optical microscopy. The two series of compounds are: I-hexaalkyloxytribenzocyclononene and II-hexaalkanoyloxytribenzocyclononene. In series I, enantiotropic mesophases appear for homologues in which the number, n, of carbon atoms in each side chain is equal or larger than six, while for series II mesomorphism is exhibited for all the compounds studied (8- 15). Some of these exhibit dimorphism (i.e. I-11 and II-12 to II-14) and even trimorphism (II-11). In total Five different mesophases are identified in both series. Several of these are stable at room temperature. Optical measurements indicate that they are not layered, they appear to be columnar. Due to the pyramidal shape of the central core of the constituent molecules special molecular arrangements for these mesophases are possible. It is suggested to call them pyramidic mesophases.