gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Load Shedding Scheme with Deep Reinforcement Learning to Improve Short-term Voltage Stability (2018)

In this paper, a novel load shedding scheme against voltage instability with deep reinforcement learning (DRL). The convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are chosen to automatically learn the features and exploit the local spatial correlations from TS data of voltages. The DRL load shedding controller interacts with system dynamics through a sequence of observations, actions and rewards with two convolutional neural networks, namely critic and actor networks. The critic network is used to evaluate the quality of the load shedding actions and the actor network to determine the time, location and amounts of load shedding (LS). A global reward function is defined considering the recovery characteristics of voltages and total load shedding amounts to guarantee the coordination of under voltage load shedding (UVLS). The simulation is performed on the modified New England 39-bus system, and the results validate the voltage recovery performance and load shedding amount of the proposed scheme under different scenario.
Polymyxin acylase : A new enzyme for preparing starting materials for semisynthetic polymyxin antibiotics. (1987)

An enzyme useful for preparing semisynthetic polymyxins was found to be produced by a Pseudomonas sp. strain, M-6-3 (closely related to Ps. acidovorans). This enzyme, tentatively named polymyxin acylase, is the first enzyme known which can remove the acyl moiety from an acyl peptide without affecting the peptide moiety. It can be produced in a cell-bound form in excellent yield in a medium containing citric acid as the sole source of carbon. The activity of the acetonedried cell powder of the bacterium was optimum at pH 7.5 and remained stable up to about 50°C for 30min. The apparent Vmax and Km values for colistin (polymyxin E) were 8.7 nmol/min/mg and 2.8mM, respectively. The suspension of the cell-bound enzyme in colistin solution gave a good yield of deacyl colistin and fatty acid(s), and no chemical change occurred in the peptide moiety during the enzyme reaction. This enzyme deacylated not only polymyxins B, M, and P, but also several other fatty acyl peptides. It should be valuable as a tool for the deacylation of various acyl peptides.
Laboratory Evolution of Fast-Folding Green Fluorescent Protein Using Secretory Pathway Quality Control (2008)

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) has undergone a long history of optimization to become one of the most popular proteins in all of cell biology. It is thermally and chemically robust and produces a pronounced fluorescent phenotype when expressed in cells of all types. Recently, a superfolder GFP was engineered with increased resistance to denaturation and improved folding kinetics. Here we report that unlike other well-folded variants of GFP (e.g., GFPmut2), superfolder GFP was spared from elimination when targeted for secretion via the SecYEG translocase. This prompted us to hypothesize that the folding quality control inherent to this secretory pathway could be used as a platform for engineering similar 'superfolded' proteins. To test this, we targeted a combinatorial library of GFPmut2 variants to the SecYEG translocase and isolated several superfolded variants that accumulated in the cytoplasm due to their enhanced folding properties. Each of these GFP variants exhibited much faster folding kinetics than the parental GFPmut2 protein and one of these, designated superfast GFP, folded at a rate that even exceeded superfolder GFP. Remarkably, these GFP variants exhibited little to no loss in specific fluorescence activity relative to GFPmut2, suggesting that the process of superfolding can be accomplished without altering the proteins' normal function. Overall, we demonstrate that laboratory evolution combined with secretory pathway quality control enables sampling of largely unexplored amino-acid sequences for the discovery of artificial, high-performance proteins with properties that are unparalleled in their naturally occurring analogues.
Bluetooth and NFC Enabled Contactless Access Control System (2015)

Technology has transformed the world in all walks of human life. However, lock and key based conventional locking systems have not been completely replaced by smart access control systems due to higher costs and complexity. So, the goal is to create a smart, user-friendly locking system which uses widespread and evolving wireless technologies. Bluetooth&Nfc Enabled Contactless Access Control System focuses on exploiting the full potentials of NFC (Near Field Communication) and Bluetooth for implementing an automated door locking/unlocking System, which can be locked or unlocked by holding tiny NFC tags near it. Additionally, the proposed access control system can be controlled by an android app, which is also to be developed. Such an access control system will be a boon not only to the common man, but also for differently-abled people.
Generation of Thyroid Follicular Cells from Pluripotent Stem Cells: Potential for Regenerative Medicine (2014)

Nearly 12% of the population in the United States will be afflicted with a thyroid related disorder during their lifetime. Common treatment approaches are tailored to the specific disorder and include surgery, radioactive iodine ablation, antithyroid drugs, thyroid hormone replacement, external beam radiation, and chemotherapy. Regenerative medicine endeavors to combat disease by replacing or regenerating damaged, diseased, or dysfunctional body parts. A series of achievements in pluripotent stem cell research have transformed regenerative medicine in many ways by demonstrating "repair" of a number of body parts in mice, of which, the thyroid has now been inducted into this special group. Seminal work in pluripotent cells, namely embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, have made possible their path to becoming key tools and biological building blocks for cell-based regenerative medicine to combat the gamut of human diseases, including those affecting the thyroid.
Metal salts of beta-diketones as charging additives: a mechanistic study (1990)

Metal salts of B-diketones such as aluminum acetylacetonate (Al(acac)3) have been found to be potent negative charging additives for liquid electrostatic toners when used in conjunction with surfactant "charge directors". This paper describes the use of these additives and efforts to uncover the mechanism of charging for toners when these salts are used in conjunction with acidic resins. Although pigment interactions were not studied, when pigments were included in the toners the charging results were comparable. Charging of particles in liquid electrostatic toners is not yet fully understood. Fowkes and coworkers have demonstrated that proton exchange is the operative mechanism in charging of carbon black particles in hydrocarbon 1 Results are presented here for a system which does not appear to be charging by an acid/base mechanism. Charging in this system was found to be dependent on the presence of surface ionic species. The chemical nature of these species suggests that charging may be taking place by partitioning of surface ions into surfactant inverse micelles.
Spinal cord injury. Review of basic and applied research. (1981)

This review examines, in a condensed manner, many of the major achievements related to spinal cord injury research during the last quarter century. Most of the advances have been made within the past 10 years. They include such basic and clinical tools as evoked potentials, regional and local spinal blood flows, neurophysiologic monitoring systems, and methods that detail the morphology and contents of cord tissue. Much of the experimentation conducted within the last 25 years has provided a better understanding and clinical therapeutic approach to the injured spinal cord than at any time before. Such work has exposed significant aspects in the biochemistry and vascular mechanics associated with trauma to the cord. A growing and intriguing area of spinal injury research lies in probing the factors related to neuronal plasticity and regeneration of the cord tissue. This review also examines the role of experimental animal models as well as the clinical and experimental therapies available for acute and chronic spinal cord injury.
Applicability of four-dimensional modulations to digital satellites: a simulation study (2002)

We examine four-dimensional modulation schemes in view of their application to digital satellite communications systems. Equal-energy signal sets, signals carved from lattices, convolutionally-encoded, and trellis-encoded schemes are compared by evaluating their performance over a channel that includes linear filters, nonlinear amplifiers, and carrier and timing recovery circuits. Among the schemes considered here, trellis-coded modulation seems to offer the best tradeoff between performance and complexity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Clean Energy Water Disinfection for Small, Remote Rural Communities (2011)

Access to drinking water is essential to all life, yet in many developing and remote communities, it is often contaminated with disease causing pathogens. This project was created in response to the annual WERC Environmental Design Competition. This year’s specific challenge was to develop human powered, stand-alone, effective, easily implemented, and economical water disinfection systems. Many technologies were evaluated; however, bleach and ultraviolet (UV) light treatments were determined to be most applicable to remote and impoverished communities. The Razorback Microcide WERC Crew designed and demonstrated two systems independently featuring bleach and UV disinfection technology. Both systems include a high capacity, human powered treadle pump which sustainably operates at 15 gpm. The bleach system, which operates using only human power, treats 3,000 gallons of water in five hours. The UV system treats 3,000 gallons of water in 9 hours using solar power. Both systems can be assembled in remote locations, can be operable in five days, and are portable via light truck. The first cost of the UV system is $1,485 and the operating cost is $0.002 per gallon. The first cost of the bleach system is $550 and the operating cost is $0.001 per gallon. The bleach system is advantageous because it has lower costs, uses only human energy, and requires fewer specialized parts, while still delivering an EPA recommended disinfection. The UV technology is a feasible alternative that does not add chemicals to the water. The Razorback Crew made arrangements to implement the project in Haiti, but were prevented from doing so because of government travel restrictions.
New insights on the role of CD8<sup>+</sup>CD57<sup>+</sup>T-cells in cancer (2012)

Incomplete differentiation of CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) in the tumor microenvironment is associated with cancer progression. We describe a new type of tumor-infiltrating CD8+CD57+ T cell in cancer with hybrid phenotypic and functional properties of both an early effector-memory cell and a terminally-differentiated effector cell. These cells behave as incompletely-differentiated CTLs.
Cardiac performance and mass in adults with hypopituitarism: effects of one year of growth hormone treatment. (1995)

We studied the effects of GH administration on myocardial structure and function in 20 patients with hypopituitarism (14 males and 6 females; mean +/- SE age, 47.2 +/- 2.6 yr; range, 31-59 yr) developed in adulthood because of pituitary or parapituitary tumors. All patients had GH deficiency (GHD), as assessed by a GH response of less than 4 micrograms/L to a standard insulin tolerance test (0.05 U kg, iv) and the combined pyridostigmine (120 mg, orally, at -60 min) plus GHRH (1 microgram/kg, iv, at 0 min) test. Patients received either placebo (n = 10) or GH substitution therapy (n = 10; 0.05 U/kg.day GH for 1 yr; 0.03 U/kg.day during the first month). M- and B-mode echocardiography and pulsed Doppler examination of transmitral flow were performed before treatment, 6 months and 1 yr after starting GH or placebo administration, and 15 days and 3 months after GH or placebo withdrawal. Twenty healthy subjects, matched for age, sex, body mass index, and physical activity, served as controls. Left ventricular dimensions, mass, and systolic function were normal in patients with adult-onset GHD; however, diastolic function, specifically E wave deceleration time, was altered. GH administration markedly increased left ventricular performance and reversed diastolic abnormalities at 6 and even more so at 12 months. On the other hand, a clear increase in left ventricular mass was seen after 12, but not after 6, months of GH administration (P < 0.01 vs. pretreatment values). In addition, although all changes induced by GH treatment disappeared within 3 months after GH withdrawal, at that time the increase in left ventricular mass was still detectable (P < 0.05 vs. pretreatment values). These data indicate that augmented left ventricular contractility is not strictly related to cardiac muscle growth, supporting the hypothesis that GH treatment increases the inotropic activity of myocardial fibers. In conclusion, GH treatment enhances cardiac function, increases cardiac mass, and reverses diastolic abnormalities in adults with hypopituitarism and GHD. However, long term studies are required to demonstrate that GH replacement therapy reduces cardiac death rate in these patients.
Tube bending with axial pull and internal pressure (2004)

Tube bending is a widely used manufacturing process in the aerospace, automotive, and other industries. During tube bending, considerable in-plane distortion and thickness variation occurs. The thickness increases at the intrados (surface of tube in contact with the die) and it reduces at the extrados (outer surface of the tube). In some cases, when the bend die radius is small, wrinkling occurs at the intrados. In industry a mandrel is used to eliminate wrinkling and reduce distortion. However, in the case of a close bend die radius, use of a mandrel should be avoided as bending with the mandrel increases the thinning of the wall at the extrados, which is undesirable in the manufacturing operation. The present research focuses on additional loadings such as axial force and internal pressure which can be used to achieve better shape control and thickness distribution of the tube. Based on plasticity theories, an analytical model is developed to predict cross section distortion and thickness change of tubes under various loading conditions. Results from both the FEA and analytical model indicated that at the intrados the increase in thickness for bending with internal pressure and bending with combined axial pull and internal pressure was nearly the same. But in the case of bending with the combination of axial pull and internal pressure there was a significant reduction of thickness at the extrados. A parametric study was conducted for the case of bending with combined internal pressure and axial pull and it was seen that with proper selection of the pressure and axial pull wrinkling can be eliminated, thickness distribution around the tube can be optimized, and cross section distortion of the tube can be reduced. Predictions of the analytical model are in good agreement with finite element simulations and published experimental results. The model can be used to evaluate tooling and process design in tube bending.
Equal rate multilevel coding for the awgn channel (2005)

We examine the use of layered modulation to form multilevel codes with unequal power allocations across the codewords. This departs from traditional coded modulation in that we do not enforce any particular constellation structure on the transmitted signals, but rather let the power allocations together with the sub-layered constellation determine the overall signal structure. We argue that the scheme can achieve the Gaussian capacity of the AWGN channel as the number of layers grows large, with each layer employing QPSK modulation with very low rate codes. A practical advantage of our scheme over traditional multilayered approaches is that the same coding rate is employed at each stage, allowing a single encoder and decoder; which removes the practical constraints of rate compatible code structures.
Aluminized alloy boosts turbine blade life (1974)

Description of an aluminized alloy coating technique that involves first the application of a ductile, oxidation-resistant overlay, such as NiCrAl, which is then partially aluminized. The duplex protective system has performance advantages over conventional aluminide coatings in that it provides higher-temperature hot corrosion resistance over a longer service life.
Incremental call graph reanalysis for object-oriented software maintenance (2002)

A program's call graph is an essential underlying structure for performing the various interprocedural analyses used in software development tools for object-oriented software systems. For interactive software development tools and software maintenance activities, the call graph needs to remain fairly precise and be updated quickly in response to software changes. The paper presents incremental algorithms for updating a call graph that has been initially constructed using the Cartesian Product Algorithm, which computes a highly precise call graph in the presence of dynamically dispatched message sends. Templates are exploited to reduce unnecessary reanalysis as software component changes occur. The preliminary empirical results from our implementation within a Java environment are encouraging. Significant time savings were observed for the incremental algorithm in comparison with an exhaustive analysis, with no loss in precision.
Coordination of membrane phospholipid synthesis with the cell cycle. (1994)

The formation of membrane phospholipid is coordinated with the cell cycle in a colony-stimulating factor 1-dependent macrophage cell line. Net phospholipid accumulation occurs as cells enter S phase and results from an interaction between cell cycle-dependent oscillations in the rates of phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) biosynthesis and degradation. CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CT) is the rate-controlling step in PtdCho biosynthesis, and its activity is inhibited by cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation. CT phosphorylation is low in early G1, begins to rise in late G1, increases steadily through S and G2/M, and then declines precipitously as cells exit mitosis and reenter G1. CT activity increases in early G1 and then decreases steadily as the cells progress through late G1, S, and G2/M, reflecting the elevated phosphorylation state of the protein. Membrane phospholipid degradation is also periodic: the rate is rapid in G1, slows significantly during S phase, and accelerates again as cells reenter G1. The data support the hypothesis that CT dephosphorylation accelerates PtdCho synthesis in response to the increased membrane phospholipid degradation to maintain membrane phospholipid mass during G1 and that the periodic cessation of phospholipid degradation during S phase accounts for the transition to net membrane phospholipid accumulation. Inactivation of CT associated with hyperphosphorylation of the protein during G2/M likely plays a determining role in the cessation of net membrane accumulation prior to cell division.
Prognostic Factors in Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease (2007)

Several variables were significantly associated with a shorter renal survival time in cats with CKD.
Effects of Redox Potential and Hydroxide Inhibition on the pH Activity Profile of Fungal Laccases (1997)

The electronic absorption spectrum, susceptibility to fluoride inhibition, redox potential, and substrate turnover of several fungal laccases have been explored as a function of pH. The laccases showed a single spectrally detectable acid-base transition at pH 6-9 and a fluoride inhibition that diminished by increased pH (indicating a competition with hydroxide inhibition). Relatively small changes in the redox potentials (< or = 0.1 V) of laccase were observed over the pH 2.7-11. Under the catalysis of laccase, the apparent oxidation rates (kcat and kcat/Km) of two nonphenolic substrates, potassium ferrocyanide and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), decreased monotonically as the pH increased. In contrast, the apparent oxidation rates (kcat and kcat/Km) of three 2,6-dimethoxyphenols (whose pKa values range from 7.0 to 8.7) exhibited bell-shaped pH profiles whose maxima were distinct for each laccase but independent of the substrate. By correlating these pH dependences, it is proposed that the balance of two opposing effects, one generated by the redox potential difference between a reducing substrate and the type 1 copper of laccase (which correlates to the electron transfer rate and is favored for a phenolic substrate by higher pH) and another generated by the binding of a hydroxide anion to the type 2/type 3 coppers of laccase (which inhibits the activity at higher pH), contributes to the pH activity profile of the fungal laccases.
High volume naked DNA tail‐vein injection restores liver function in Fah‐knock out mice (2009)

Naked plasmid DNA transfection offers a promising alternative treatment for HT1. Minimizing side-effects makes this approach especially appealing.
BER Evaluation System for a Handset Antenna in a Multipath Environment Using a Spatial Fading Emulator (2005)

Tsutomu Sakata, Atsushi Yamamoto, Hiroshi Iwai, Koichi Ogawa, Jun-ichi Takada*, Kei Sakaguchi*, and Kiyomichi Araki* Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Communication Devices Development Center 1006, Kadoma, Osaka, 571-8501 Japan, Tel : +81-6-6900-9613 E-mail : sakata.tsutomu@jp.panasonic.com * Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1, Ohokayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550 Japan
Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction as a diagnostic aid for synovial sarcoma. (1996)

Identification of the t(X;18)(p11.2;q11.2) that is associated with a high proportion of synovial sarcoma can be a useful diagnostic aid. The translocation results infusion of the SYT gene on chromosome 18 to either the SSX1 or the SSX2 gene, two homologous genes within Xp11.2. Two-color interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were assessed as approaches to identify the rearrangement in well characterized cases. The presence of the translocation, and the specific chromosome X gene disrupted, were inferred from the configuration of signals from chromosome-specific centromere probes, paints, and markers flanking each gene in preparations of interphase nuclei. Rearrangement was found in two cell lines and eight of nine tumor samples, including analysis of five touch imprints. This was consistent with cytogenetic data in four cases and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis using primers known to amplify both SYT-SSX1 and SYT-SSX2 transcripts. The transcripts were distinguished by restriction with LspI and SmaI. Contrary to previous suggestions, there was no obvious correlation between histological subtype and involvement of the SSX1 or SSX2 gene. These approaches could also be applied to the identification of tumor-free margins and metastatic disease.
Is early surgery for congenital cataract a risk factor for glaucoma? (2004)

Bilateral lensectomy during the first month of life is associated with a higher risk of subsequent glaucoma than with surgery performed later. The reason for this is unclear but it may be prudent, in bilateral cases, to consider delaying surgery until the infant is 4 weeks old. As the incidence of glaucoma is similar for each year after surgery, long term glaucoma surveillance is mandatory.