gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Examining the unmet need in adults with severe asthma (2007)

Asthma currently affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide and the number is expected to rise to 400 million by 2025. Asthma morbidity remains high and the economic burden is significant. Approximately 20% of patients have severe persistent asthma. As patients with severe asthma often have a variety of conditions that may coexist with or be mistaken for asthma, careful diagnosis and management are essential, and adhering to a protocol for investigations is helpful. For patients with severe persistent asthma, the Global Initiative for Asthma 2005 guidelines recommend the use of high-dose inhaled corticosteroids in combination with a long-acting β 2 -agonist, with one or more additional controller medications if required (step 4 therapy). However, recent studies have shown that asthma remains inadequately controlled in many patients with severe asthma, despite treatment in accordance with guidelines. Patients with severe asthma have the highest healthcare utilisation and mortality, and there is clearly an unmet need for the effective and safe treatment of patients with severe persistent allergic asthma who remain symptomatic despite optimised standard treatment. The latest guidelines suggest that omalizumab may address this unmet need.
Photodynamic therapy of actinic keratosis with topical 5-aminolevulinic acid. A pilot dose-ranging study. (1997)

Topical photodynamic therapy with ALA is an effective treatment of typical AKs. Complete clearing of nonhypertrophic AKs can be achieved with 10%, 20%, or 30% ALA that is easily tolerated by the patient. Lesions on the face and scalp are more effectively treated than lesions on the trunk and extremities. Hypertrophic AKs did not respond effectively.
Site—site Interactions in a Polymer Matrix. The Effect of Reaction Conditions on the Functionalization of Pyridine Rings in Crosslinked Poly(Styrene-4-Vinylpyridine) with 1,6-Dibromohexane (1989)

Abstract Functionalization of pyridine rings in crosslinked poly(styrene-4-vinyl-pyridine) containing 37–43% pyridine rings and crosslinked by 2% divinylbenzene with various alkylbromides depends on the structure of the alkylbromide, the swelling of the resins, the solvent polarity, the reaction temperature, and the molar ratio of the alkylbromide to the pyridine rings. 1,6-Dibromohexane is found to be much more reactive than 1-bromohexane. However, monofunctionalization is accompanied by additional crosslinking. The degree of additional crosslinking depends on the backbone swelling, the solvent polarity, the reaction temperature, and the molar ratio of pyridine rings to 1,6-dibromohexane.
An Overview of Current Research on Automated Essay Grading (2003)

An international association advancing the multidisciplinary study of informing systems. Founded in 1998, the Informing Science Institute (ISI) is a global community of academics shaping the future of informing science.
Use of sodium triacetoxyborohydride in the synthesis of nitroxide biradicals (2002)

A family of nitroxide biradicals was synthesized for the purpose of creating terminal groups with high relaxivity for linkage to dendrimers for use as targeted MR contrast agents for articular cartilage. The structure of the nitroxide biradicals strongly influenced their MR relaxivities. The addition of a carbon atom between the nitroxyl rings and the bridging nitrogen increased the relaxivity of the nitroxide biradical by ∼14% over what was expected by doubling the relaxivity of the monomeric nitroxide. Conversely in nitroxide biradicals without the additional carbon atoms, steric hindrance restricted the relaxivity to ∼35% below what was expected by doubling the relaxivity of the monomeric nitroxide. Nitroxide biradicals that have a carbon atom incorporated between the nitroxyl rings and the bridging nitrogen exhibit MR relaxivity values ∼223% greater than that of the corresponding monomeric nitroxide. By linking these nitroxide biradicals to a dendrimer, it should be possible to synthesize targeted magnetic resonance contrast agents with higher relaxivities than dendrimer-linked nitroxides with single nitroxyl rings as terminal groups. These dendrimer-linked dinitroxides should be capable of differentiating normal and abnormal articular cartilage on the basis of the glycosaminoglycan concentration.
Empirical observations regarding predictability in user access-behavior in a distributed digital library system (2002)

Document archives are today geographicallydistributed but often not replicated. This canpotentially result in a low quality of service interms of reduced availability and long user-perceivedaccess times, especially during peakhours. Indiscriminate replication is not feasible dueto the sheer size of the database and itsadministration. In an ongoing project, the goal is tostudy the effectiveness of caching techniques likeprefetching and selective preloading to improvequality of service of digital library systems.In this paper, we analyze whether user accessbehavior is predictable enough to use it to guesswhat articles to prefetch or to preload based on useraccess logs from DADS, a digital library systemdeveloped at the Technical Knowledge Center ofDenmark, DTV. We have found that once a literaturesearch has been narrowed down to less than tenarticles, there is a high likelihood that some ofthem will be eventually downloaded. This suggeststhat prefetching can be used to hide the articletransfer latency. We have also found that as many as80% of the article downloads are confined to lessthan 20% of the journals. This suggests thatpreloading a small fraction of the digital librarydatabase can significantly shorten the access latencyas well as improving the availability.
Polyimides in Microelectronics (1987)

Polyimides are finding increased use in microelectronics [1-6]. There are four primary areas of application: 1) as fabrication aids; 2) as passivants and interlevel insulators; 3) as adhesives; and 4) as components of the substrate or circuit board. In each application, the requirements on properties and performance differ. This paper addresses primarily the first two applications. Polyimides for microelectronics use are of two basic types. The most commonly used commercial materials (for example, from Dupont and Hitachi) are condensation polyimides, formed from imidization of a spin-cast film of soluble polyamic acid precursor to create an intractable solid film. Fully imidized thermoplastic polyimides are also available for use as adhesives (for example, the LARC-TPI material), and when thermally or photo-crosslink able, also as passivants and interlevel insulators, and as matrix resins for fiber-reinforced-composites, such as in circuit boards. Flexible circuits are made from Kapton polyimide film laminated laminated with copper. The
A Biologically Inspired Hydrophobic Membrane for Application in Pervaporation (2013)

An artificial polydimethylsiloxane/polyphenylsulfone (PDMS/PPSU) membrane, which emulates the hydrophobic behavior of natural membranes, was synthesized. Hydrophobicity was achieved by coating the membrane surface sublayer using conventional silicon material, which imitates the character of epicuticular wax (EW) of Prunus laurocerasus L. leaves. It was then applied as a separation medium in pervaporation (PV) of diluted mixtures of ethyl acetate and aroma compounds. The membrane's biomimetic characteristics were evaluated using surface morphology analyses, that is, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), water contact angle measurements, and SEM imaging. A comparison of properties of the membranes synthesized in this work against selected hydrophobic plant leaves indicated a good agreement. PV using these biologically inspired artificial membranes demonstrated preference for the permeation of ethyl acetate. Besides intrinsic characteristics, it was also observed that the chemical potential is highly influential in activating sorption, diffusion, and desorption of a specific compound.
Anatomic distribution of autonomic neural tissue in the developing dog heart: I. Sympathetic innervation (1990)

We used immunocytochemical localization of tyrosine hydroxylase to trace the ontogenesis and anatomic distribution of sympathetic innervation in fetal, neonatal, and mature canine hearts. Sparse tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neural tissue first appeared in the atrium, including sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes, and the ventricular epicardium at midgestation and progressively increased in extent to reach the adult pattern by 2 months following birth. Sympathetic innervation of the atrioventricular bundle occurred relatively later, with no nerve processes in the neonate but a mature pattern by 2 months. At each developmental stage the atria contained more tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neural tissue than the ventricles. Thus, sympathetic nerve processes appear in the developing canine heart earlier than was previously recognized. The time course of sympathetic innervation as defined by this anatomic study is in accord with electrophysiologic studies indicating progressive neonatal development of sympathetic effect which achieves maturity by 2 months of age.
Hand Dermatitis (1991)

The wide range of problems that occur in association with occupational skin exposure has brought into focus the need to understand the role of allergens in skin disease. Their impact on health, their role in the causation of skin disease, and the measures that can be instituted to regulate, control, and prevent skin problems are receiving increased attention by OR managers because of the associated costs of skin reactions in OR nurses and the inherent dangers associated with latex allergy. Latex gloves have become a standard part of OR attire, and even though they serve as the primary form of hand protection in the OR, gloves also may serve as one of the key causes of contact or allergic dermatitis in OR personnel. The high frequency of latex glove allergy, especially in OR nurses and surgeons, focuses attention on the need to evaluate the type and quality of surgical latex gloves selected for use. When instances of new skin reactions appear in nursing personnel. OR managers should look for recent changes in glove brands, scrub products, or antimicrobial agents as possible trigger allergens. In such circumstances, managers may wish to use hypoallergenic products as a solution. Although hypoallergenic and/or powder-free gloves or scrub products may be more costly on a unit basis, when compared to the time lost from work, physical discomfort of the worker, and the expense of treatment, they are really quite a bargain.
Improved ECG compression method using discrete cosine transform (2011)

An improvement of a discrete cosine transform (DCT)-based method for electrocardiogram (ECG) compression is presented. The appropriate use of a block based DCT associated to a uniform scalar dead zone quantiser and arithmetic coding show very good results, confirming that the proposed strategy exhibits competitive performances compared with the most popular compressors used for ECG compression.
A Responsible Path (2016)

Abstract There are many barriers—political, diplomatic, and economic—to the full participation and ambitious emissions reductions from all countries that are necessary for climate stabilization. In this non-ideal situation, the responsible path is to relinquish the insistence that climate negotiations should aim to establish only a single, legally binding, top-down treaty modelled after the Kyoto Protocol. This chapter proposes that an enhanced focus on mitigating short-lived climate pollutants—such as methane, black carbon, and HFCs—in a variety of multilateral forums can help overcome several barriers to adequate climate action and allow us to move toward a modern climate regime that includes meaningful mitigation from all of the world’s major emitters both inside and outside the UN climate negotiations.
Tranexamic Acid Reduces Blood Loss in Total Hip Replacement Surgery (2000)

In a prospective, double-blinded study of 40 patients undergoing total hip replacement, the preoperative administration of tranexamic acid reduced bleeding by 35%, probably by decreasing induced fibrinolysis. Whether tranexamic acid therapy can replace predonation of autologous blood or intraoperative autotransfusion requires further study.
Clique (2006)

The purpose of the Clique project is to explore a new way of adapting applications with graphical user interfaces (GUIs) for use in audio. Existing adaptation methods retain the components and metaphors of visual interfaces in the audio displays they produce. Clique, on the other hand, presents the user with a conversational audio display based on the tasks supported by programs, not their visual representations. The user interacts solely with this audio display while Clique takes charge of inspecting and controlling the underlying programs via their GUIs. In effect, the graphical nature of program interfaces is hidden from the listening user who is free to concentrate on his or her tasks in audio. We hypothesize that audio displays produced in this manner will prove more effective and satisfying for common tasks than current solutions.
Talking Face Generation by Adversarially Disentangled Audio-Visual Representation (2019)

Talking face generation aims to synthesize a sequence of face images that correspond to a clip of speech. This is a challenging task because face appearance variation and semantics of speech are coupled together in the subtle movements of the talking face regions. Existing works either construct specific face appearance model on specific subjects or model the transformation between lip motion and speech. In this work, we integrate both aspects and enable arbitrary-subject talking face generation by learning disentangled audio-visual representation. We find that the talking face sequence is actually a composition of both subject-related information and speech-related information. These two spaces are then explicitly disentangled through a novel associative-and-adversarial training process. This disentangled representation has an advantage where both audio and video can serve as inputs for generation. Extensive experiments show that the proposed approach generates realistic talking face sequences on arbitrary subjects with much clearer lip motion patterns than previous work. We also demonstrate the learned audio-visual representation is extremely useful for the tasks of automatic lip reading and audio-video retrieval.
[Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of vaccination of newborn infants with BCG and BCG-M vaccines]. (1990)

A comparative effectiveness of the newborn BCG- and BCG-M vaccination was analysed as to the indices of primary infection, morbidity and its structure. The rate of postvaccination complications in 1,645,360 children, aged under 3 years, and living in the areas with different epidemiological situations for tuberculosis was studied too. 2,142,292 and 799486 healthy newborns were BCG- and BCG-M-vaccinated, respectively. The studies were carried out in Moscow, Kiev, Vilnius++ and Tashkent. The obtained results indicate that the number of complications in the form of regional lymphadenitis induced by BCG-M vaccine is 5 times less frequent than those caused by BCG. Under favourable epidemiological conditions, the primary infection and morbidity are alike, while under unfavourable ones the former is higher, particularly in infants in their first year as compared to the BCG-vaccinated. On the basis of the available data BCG-M can be recommended for the vaccination of all the newborns living in the areas with a favourable epidemiological situation for tuberculosis, thus increasing the newborn vaccination coverage and bringing the morbidity down.
Self-Assembled Spin-Coated and Bulk Films of a Novel Poly(diacetylene) as Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Polymers (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelf-Assembled Spin-Coated and Bulk Films of a Novel Poly(diacetylene) as Second-Order Nonlinear Optical PolymersW. H. Kim, B. Bihari, R. Moody, N. B. Kodali, J. Kumar, and S. K. TripathyCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 2, 642–647Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00106a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00106a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views172Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Studies of Alicyclic α-Amino Acids. III. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 3-Amino-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydrocarbazole-3-carboxylic Acids (1973)

3-Amino-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydrocarbazole-3-carboxylic acid (IIa) and its 6-methoxy, benzyloxy and hydroxy derivatives (IIb-d), a new type of cyclic tryptophan analogue, were prepared. The optical resolution of acetamido-(-)-menthyl ester of IIa (XIIc) was achieved. It was found that IIa inhibited α-chymotrypsin competitively and trypsin noncompetitively.
Electromagnetically coupled coaxial dipole array antenna (1999)

A new type of collinear antenna called electromagnetically coupled coaxial dipole array antenna is proposed. The antenna has an advantage of structural simplicity due to a novel use of an electromagnetically coupled feed structure for the radiating element. An analysis of the radiating element is presented and compared with experimental results. Fabrication and measurement of a prototype array antenna are also presented.
What is the right way to represent document images? (2016)

In this article we study the problem of document image representation based on visual features. We propose a comprehensive experimental study that compares three types of visual document image representations: (1) traditional so-called shallow features, such as the RunLength and the Fisher-Vector descriptors, (2) deep features based on Convolutional Neural Networks, and (3) features extracted from hybrid architectures that take inspiration from the two previous ones. We evaluate these features in several tasks (i.e. classification, clustering, and retrieval) and in different setups (e.g. domain transfer) using several public and in-house datasets. Our results show that deep features generally outperform other types of features when there is no domain shift and the new task is closely related to the one used to train the model. However, when a large domain or task shift is present, the Fisher-Vector shallow features generalize better and often obtain the best results.
A pipeline for extracting and deduplicating domain-specific knowledge bases (2015)

Building a knowledge base (KB) describing domain-specific entities is an important problem in industry, examples including KBs built over companies (e.g. Dun & Bradstreet), skills (LinkedIn, CareerBuilder) and people (inome). The task involves several engineering challenges, including devising effective procedures for data extraction, aggregation and deduplication. Data extraction involves processing multiple information sources in order to extract domain-specific data instances. The extracted instances must be aggregated and deduplicated; that is, instances referring to the same underlying entity must be identified and merged. This paper describes a pipeline developed at CareerBuilder LLC for building a KB describing employers, by first extracting entities from both global, publicly available data sources (Wikipedia and Freebase) and a proprietary source (Infogroup), and then deduplicating the instances to yield an employer-specific KB. We conduct a range of pilot experiments over three independently labeled datasets sampled from the extracted KB, and comment on some lessons learned.
Table of Contents (2018)

Conference Proceedings, OCG. 2018. “Table of Contents”. Central and Eastern European EDem and EGov Days 325 (February):7-11. https://doi.org/10.24989/ocg.v325.0.
Fast PET image reconstruction based on SVD decomposition of the system matrix (2002)

Data filtering based on matrix pseudo-inverse is a well known but not yet appreciated means of tomographic image reconstruction. Matrix pseudo-inversion step is very demanding in terms of numerical precision and necessary computing power. Ill conditioning of the system matrix in positron emission tomography (PET) results in solutions highly sensitive to noise in the experimental data. In the present work, the feasibility of image reconstruction based on singular value decomposition (SVD) of the system matrix for animal 2-D PET is demonstrated. Analytic detector response accounting for the non-invariant spatial system response is explicitly included into the system matrix. Regularization of the SVD-based solution with the singular spectrum truncation (TSVD solution) derived from spatial resolution analysis is proposed. TSVD reconstruction is fast except for the matrix decomposition step, which is performed once for a given scanner geometry. Reconstructed image quality and quantitation are compared to those obtained with filtered backprojection (FBP) and iterative maximum likelihood technique. TSVD image reconstruction may be a viable alternative to FBP for routine clinical applications.
Automated workload-aware elasticity of NoSQL clusters in the cloud (2014)

The use of cloud computing has gained extreme popularity. Through cloud platforms that provide infrastructure as a service (IaaS), users can elastically provision resources enabling automated application throttling. Usually, scaling is either manually performed or through a service that dynamically consolidates cloud resources based on a predefined policy. However, these policies are simplistic, threshold based and may not be able to capture specific application behaviors according to configuration parameters and applied workload type. In this work, we extend TIRAMOLA, a cloud-enabled framework that allows automated resizing of NoSQL clusters, in order to identify different workload types and apply the most beneficial scaling action according to user defined policies. We perform a thorough analysis of how different query types are handled by modern NoSQL systems and evaluate the performance of a NoSQL cluster of varying size, over mixed workload types and magnitudes. We utilize this knowledge to fine tune the extended TIRAMOLA's policies in order to take accurate scaling decisions. We perform an extensive experimental evaluation of workload aware and unaware versions on an HBase cluster and our analysis confirms that the former can operate successfully in any environment, behaving accordingly to any input load.
Acoustic imaging using a maximum likelihood approach (2008)

We develop a new method to exploit pairs of acoustic scans of the same image with the aim of enhancing the quality of acoustic imaging. Each image pair is assumed to be co-registered with 90deg separation between the two insonification directions. Using multi-channel image restoration, the proposed approach provides significant improvement in the quality of ultrasound imaging. Enhanced images are presented, and the advantages of this new approach over presently available methods are discussed.