gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduction of Pertechnetate by Ferrous Iron in Solution: Influence of Sorbed and Precipitated Fe(II) (1996)

The reduction of TcO4- to TcO2·nH2O by Fe(II) in slightly acid to basic solution has been investigated in an all-glass reaction vessel with a hydrophobic inner surface. The three-electron reduction process, although thermodynamically feasible, was found to proceed very slowly if at all. Fe(II) sorbed on the wall of untreated reaction vessels or precipitated as Fe(OH)2(s) or FeCO3(s) was found to reduce TcO4-, the observed rates being proportional to the amount of sorbed or precipitated Fe(II). The experimental results are discussed in light of the standard redox potentials and possible reaction paths leading from TcO4- to TcO2·nH2O.
Cross-Layer Network Survivability Under Multiple Cross-Layer Metrics (2015)

Given a cross-layer network with logical and physical topologies, the survivable logical topology routing problem is to route each link in the logical layer with a path in the physical topology between the end nodes of a logical link such that the logical topology remains connected after a physical link fails. The mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) formulation to determine such a routing has been considered in a recent paper. Using this formulation as a basic building block, in this paper we present unified MILP formulations to determine a survivable logical topology routing that also satisfies one of four cross-layer metrics: 1) minimizing the number of logical links to be added to guarantee the existence of survivable logical topology routing, 2) maximizing the capacity of the logical topology, 3) maximizing the connectivity of the logical topology after a physical link failure, and 4) maximizing the minimum cross-layer cut. We also provide heuristics for these problems and compare the performance of these heuristics and MILPs using extensive simulations.
Temporal symmetry constraints in block matching (2009)

Video processing applications such as picture rate conversion depend on accurate and consistent motion estimation. Most motion estimation and optical flow algorithms use some form of spatial regularization to improve consistency, but few perform a temporal regularization based on the symmetry between successive vector fields. Methods that do improve temporal symmetry are often computationally complex. This paper describes a simple implementation of symmetry constraints in a real-time block matching motion estimation algorithm and shows the effect on related occlusion detection methods that are based on forward-backward consistency checks.
Multimodal retinal image registration using a fast principal component analysis hybrid-based similarity measure (2013)

Multimodal retinal images (RI) are extensively used for analysing various eye diseases and conditions such as myopia and diabetic retinopathy. The incorporation of either two or more RI modalities provides complementary structure information in the presence of non-uniform illumination and low-contrast homogeneous regions. It also presents significant challenges for retinal image registration (RIR). This paper investigates how the Expectation Maximization for Principal Component Analysis with Mutual Information (EMPCA-MI) algorithm can effectively achieve multimodal RIR. This iterative hybrid-based similarity measure combines spatial features with mutual information to provide enhanced registration without recourse to either segmentation or feature extraction. Experimental results for clinical multimodal RI datasets comprising colour fundus and scanning laser ophthalmoscope images confirm EMPCA-MI is able to consistently afford superior numerical and qualitative registration performance compared with existing RIR techniques, such as the bifurcation structures method.
Platelet amyloid precursor protein abnormalities in mild cognitive impairment predict conversion to dementia of Alzheimer type: a 2-year follow-up study. (2003)

Mild cognitive impairment is a major risk factor for DAT, and Alzheimer disease-related pathological changes can be identified in patients converting to DAT within a 2-year follow-up.
Transistor Circuit Analysis and Design (1961)

Transistor circuit analysis and design , Transistor circuit analysis and design , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Antiviral effect of compound of ulmus macrocarpa on herpes simplex virus-Ι in vitro (2006)

Objectives:To study the antiviral effects of water and alcohol extracts of compound of ulmus macrocarpa Hance(CUMH)on herpes simplex virus-Ι in vitro.Methods:The inhibitory effect of water and alcohol extraction of CUMH on cytopathogenic effect(CPE)induced by HSV-Ι in vitro,the preventive effect on infection and the direct lethal effect on HSV-Ι were observed with the methods of CPE and MTT dye.Results: The water and alcohol extracts of CUMH had the inhibitory effect on CPE induced by HSV-Ι in vitro.The inhibitory percentages of 31.25 mg/ml water extract were 69.69% and 69.79% respectively after incubating for 24h and 72h;The inhibitory percentages of 15.625 mg/ml alcohol extract was 50.26% and 52.73% respectively after incubating for 24h and 72h.The inhibitory effect of water extract of CUMH was stronger than that of alcohol extract.But both of the direct lethal action on HSV-Ι and the preventive effect on infection by the water extract and the alcohol extraction of CUMH are weak.Conclusion:The water and alcohol extracts of CUMH had the effect of antivirus of HSV-Ι in vitro.
Dynamic Feedback Linearization for Electrohydraulically Actuated Control Systems (1995)

Using the dynamic inversion principal, a globally linearizing feedback control law is developed for an electrohydraulic servo system. The proposed control law is implemented on a rotational joint driven by a linear actuator. The results from experiments indicate that better uniformity of response is achieved across a wider range of operating conditions than would otherwise be possible. Improved symmetry is obtained for the extension and retraction phases of motion for an asymmetric actuator under various loading conditions and actuator positions. As a result of the improvements in linearity, significantly better performance is achieved when using linear controllers. To incorporate the effects of parametric uncertainties on the feedback linearization, a state space linear fractional representation of the parametrically uncertain linearized system is also developed. This uncertainty model is specifically suited for the design of robust control systems using the μ-synthesis and H∞ based approach.
Polymeric Nanoreactors for Hydrophilic Reagents Synthesized by Interfacial Polycondensation on Miniemulsion Droplets (2007)

We describe a versatile method to obtain functional hollow nanoreactors with a hydrophilic liquid core. The synthesis of hollow polyurea, polythiourea, and polyurethane nanocapsules was performed by interfacial polycondensation or cross-linking reactions in inverse miniemulsion. The miniemulsions were built upon emulsification of a solution of amines or alcohols in a polar solvent with cyclohexane as the nonpolar continuous phase. The addition of suitable hydrophobic diisocyanate or diisothiocyanate monomers to the continuous phase allows the polycondensation or the cross-linking reactions to occur at the interface of the droplets. The wall thickness of the capsules can be directly tuned by the quantity of the reactants. The nature of the monomers and the continuous phase are the critical factors for the formation of the hollow capsules, which is explained by the interfacial properties of the system. The resulting polymer nanocapsules could be subsequently dispersed in water. The capsules were found to be spherical when formamide was used as the liquid core, whereas elongated capsules were obtained with water. Finally, we used these hollow nanoreactors as a model system for the preparation of silver nanoparticles by reducing silver nitrate solutions encapsulated by the polyurea shell. These syntheses are the first that allow the encapsulation of hydrophilic compounds in miniemulsion in a hollow structure.
The predictive value of sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) parameters for the outcome of intrauterine insemination, IVF and ICSI (2004)

SCSA is a useful method for prediction of the outcome of assisted reproduction.
Prediction of pre‐eclampsia, low birthweight for gestation and prematurity by uterine artery blood flow velocity waveforms analysis in low risk nulliparous women (1998)

Uterine artery Doppler velocimetry waveform analysis does not qualify as a reliable screening test for pre-eclampsia or low birthweight for gestation in low risk pregnancies but may be useful in selected high risk populations.
A New Class of Highly Fault Tolerant Erasure Code for the Disk Array (2008)

We present a new class of erasure codes of size n×n (n is a prime number) called T-code, a new family of simple, highly fault tolerant XOR-based erasure codes for storage systems (with fault tolerance up to 15). T-code is not maximum distance separable (MDS), but has many other advantages, such as high fault tolerance, simple computability, and high efficiency of coding and decoding. Because of its superior quantity over many other erasure codes for the storage system, this new coding technology is more suited in RAID or dRAID systems.
Highly oriented 3D-hexagonal silica thin films produced with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (2000)

Mesoporous silica thin films have been produced by sol–gel chemistry in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) template. The films were deposited on silicon or glass substrates by dip-coating and underwent different treatments to eliminate the CTAB and create porosity. As-prepared and treated coatings exhibit good optical quality. Their structures were fully characterised by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) performed on film cross-sections and by X-ray diffraction (XRD) in θ–2θ scan mode, as well as in transmission mode using two different scattering geometries. The films exhibit large and homogeneous domains organised in a 3D-hexagonal (P63/mmc) structure with the c axis normal to the surface throughout their whole thickness. Numerical analysis of the TEM pictures confirms the space group deduced from the XRD measurements. To our knowledge, these are the first reported thin films obtained by dip-coating in the presence of CTAB which show such extended and highly mono-oriented 3D-hexagonal (P63/mmc) domains. The film thickness, porosity and refractive index were evaluated by ellipsometry for the various treated films.
Sequence analysis of the DNA encoding the Eco RI endonuclease and methylase. (1981)

The Eco RI endonuclease and methylase recognize the same hexanucleotide substrate sequence. We have determined the sequence of a fragment of DNA which encodes these enzymes using the chain-termination method of Sanger (Sanger, F., Nicklen, S., and Coulson, A. R. (1977) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 74, 5463-5467). The amino acid sequences of both enzymes were derived from the DNA sequence. The coding regions selected include the only open translational frames of sufficient length to accommodate the enzymes. They coincide with previously established gene boundaries and orientation. The predicted amino acid sequences correlate well with analyses of the purified protein. Comparison of the nucleotide and protein sequences reveals no homology between the endonuclease and methylase which might provide insight into the origin of the restriction-modification system or the mechanism of common substrate recognition. Based on secondary structure predictions, the two enzymes also have grossly different molecular architecture. The base composition of the sequence is 65% A + T, and the codon usage is significantly different from that observed in several Escherichia coli chromosomal genes. In some cases, frequently selected codons are recognized by minor tRNA species. A spontaneous mutation in the endonuclease gene was isolated. Serine replaces arginine at residue 187. In crude extracts, Eco RI specific cleavage is approximately 0.3% wild type.
Linkage Map and Properties of a Bacillus subtilis Strain Carrying a Non-tandem Duplication of the purB-tre Region of the Chromosome (1981)

Transfer of the ‘trpE26 mutation’ of Bacillus subtilis into 168-type strains does not always lead to simultaneous induction of both chromosomal aberrations (translocation and inversion) of the strains carrying it. A strain was isolated (GSY1835) which possessed new rearrangements. It has some characteristics of the donor parent-a mutation in the trpE locus (trpE30) which does not revert, a similar effect on tryptophan biosynthesis and loss of linkage between the markers flanking the trp operon. Unlike the ‘trpE26 strains’, GSY1835 yielded haploid Trp+ transformants and transductants. Merodiploid Trp+ clones were also produced, but in a fairly low proportion (about 10%). The genetic structure of GSY1835 was found to differ considerably from that of a ‘trpE26 strain’. The strain carries a non-tandem duplication of part of segment I of the chromosome (segment Ib: purB-tre), with the two copies in inverted position. This duplication is very stable. Recombination may occur betweeen the two copies. The results fit two configurations for the genetic map of the strain and its derivatives. Map 1 differs from that of strain 168 by the insertion of the second copy of Ib inside the trpE locus. In map 2, introduction of this second copy at the same site is accompanied by an inversion of the lower part of the chromosome (segments C-D-II). The haploid Trp+ clones have the genetic map of strain 168. Models are proposed to interpret the formation of strain GSY1835 (trpE30) and the production of the haploid Trp+ transformants and transductants.
[The role of C-reactive protein and other acute phase markers in atherosclerosis]. (2006)

Presently, atherosclerosis is considered to be not only a disease caused by dysmetabolism and lipid transport disturbances, but also a lingering chronic vascular wall inflammation. This causes researchers to carry out active studies of inflammation mediators, among which acute phase markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), serum fibrinogen, and leucocytes, form an individual group. The data from numerous epidemiologic studies evidence that some of the inflammation markers present additional and independent cardiovascular risk factors. However, considering possibilities provided by them, and possibilities of their routine use to detect lingering chronic vascular inflammation, CRP is the optimal marker. Presently, new techniques that allow detection of the so called high sensitive CRP (hsCRP) have been developed and are in use. Nowadays, detection of hsCRP, due to its high information value, plays a leading role in evaluation of the risk of future thrombovascular events.
Ionic Permeability of Thin Lipid Membranes (1970)

Ultrathin (black) lipid membranes were made from sheep red cell lipids dissolved in n-decane. The presence of aliphatic alcohols in the aqueous solutions bathing these membranes produced reversible changes in the ionic permeability, but not the osomotic permeability. Heptanol (8 mM), for example, caused the membrane resistance (R(m)) to decrease from >10(8) to about 10(5) ohm-cm(2) and caused a marked increase in the permeability to cations, especially potassium. In terms of ionic transference numbers, deduced from measurements of the membrane potential at zero current, T(cat)/T(Cl) increased from about 6 to 21 and T(K)/T(Na) increased from about 3 to 21. The addition of long-chain (C(8)ndash;C(10)) alcohols to the lipid solutions from which membranes were made produced similar effects on the ionic permeability. A plot of log R(m) vs. log alcohol concentration was linear over the range of maximum change in R(m), and the slope was -3 to -5 for C(2) through C(7) alcohols, suggesting that a complex of several alcohol molecules is responsible for the increase in ionic permeability. Membrane permselectivity changed from cationic to anionic when thorium or ferric iron (10(-4)M) was present in the aqueous phase or when a secondary amine (Amberlite LA-2) was added to the lipid solutions from which membranes were made. When membranes containing the secondary amine were exposed to heptanol, R(m) became very low (10(3)-10(4) ohm-cm(2)) and the membranes became perfectly anion-selective, developing chloride diffusion potentials up to 150 mv.
Cementing technique and the effects of bleeding (1987)

We report the results of simple laboratory experiments which showed that bleeding pressures known to occur at the bone surface during total hip arthroplasty may compromise the integrity of the bone-cement interface and the cement itself. Such undesirable effects can be prevented by maintaining adequate pressure on the cement until its increased viscosity can resist displacement caused by the bleeding pressure.
Variant Forms of DNA Polymerase beta in Primary Lung Carcinomas (1999)

DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) provides most of the gap-filling synthesis at apurinic/apyrimidine sites of damaged DNA in the base excision repair pathway. A truncated form of the pol beta protein is expressed in colon and breast cancers. However, the role of the pol beta gene in lung cancer is not known. Thus, we investigated a possible occurrence of pol beta variants in primary lung tumors. The entire cDNA of pol beta obtained by RT-PCR amplification was analyzed for nucleotide sequencing in lung tumor and matched normal lung tissue of the same patient. Three types of variants were detected in squamous, non-small, or large cell carcinomas. The most common variant was a deletion of 87 bp from pol beta cDNA at a site corresponding to exon 11. In addition, a variant exhibiting deletions of 87 and 140 bp together with an insertion of 105 bp was identified in three lung tumors. This is the first report of the occurrence of pol beta variants, possibly splicing variants, in lung cancer. A truncated pol beta protein resulting from variant forms of the gene may impact the function of the enzyme and increase susceptibility to carcinogenesis.
Packing hyperspheres in high-dimensional Euclidean spaces (2006)

We present a study of disordered jammed hard-sphere packings in four-, five-, and six-dimensional Euclidean spaces. Using a collision-driven packing generation algorithm, we obtain the first estimates for the packing fractions of the maximally random jammed (MRJ) states for space dimensions d=4, 5, and 6 to be phi(MRJ) approximately 0.46, 0.31, and 0.20, respectively. To a good approximation, the MRJ density obeys the scaling form phi(MRJ)=c1/2(d)+(c2d)/2d, where c1=-2.72 and c2=2.56, which appears to be consistent with the high-dimensional asymptotic limit, albeit with different coefficients. Calculations of the pair correlation function g2(r) and structure factor S(k) for these states show that short-range ordering appreciably decreases with increasing dimension, consistent with a recently proposed "decorrelation principle," which, among other things, states that unconstrained correlations diminish as the dimension increases and vanish entirely in the limit d-->infinity. As in three dimensions (where phi(MRJ) approximately 0.64), the packings show no signs of crystallization, are isostatic, and have a power-law divergence in g2(r) at contact with power-law exponent approximately 0.4. Across dimensions, the cumulative number of neighbors equals the kissing number of the conjectured densest packing close to where g2(r) has its first minimum. Additionally, we obtain estimates for the freezing and melting packing fractions for the equilibrium hard-sphere fluid-solid transition, phi(F) approximately 0.32 and phi(M) approximately 0.39, respectively, for d=4, and phi(F) approximately 0.20 and phi(M) approximately 0.25, respectively, for d=5. Although our results indicate the stable phase at high density is a crystalline solid, nucleation appears to be strongly suppressed with increasing dimension.
RNA-binding protein TIAR is essential for primordial germ cell development (1998)

Primordial germ cells (PGCs) give rise to both eggs and sperm via complex maturational processes that require both cell migration and proliferation. However, little is known about the genes controlling gamete formation during the early stages of PGC development. Although several mutations are known to severely reduce the number of PGCs reaching and populating the genital ridges, the molecular identity of only two of these genes is known: the c-kit receptor protein tyrosine kinase and the c-kit ligand (the steel factor). Herein, we report that mutant mice lacking TIAR, an RNA recognition motif/ribonucleoprotein-type RNA-binding protein highly expressed in PGCs, fail to develop spermatogonia or oogonia. This developmental defect is a consequence of reduced survival of PGCs that migrate to the genital ridge around embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5). The numbers of PGCs populating the genital ridge in TIAR-deficient embryos are severely reduced compared to wild-type embryos by E11.5 and in the mutants PGCs are completely absent at E13.5. Furthermore, TIAR-deficient embryonic stem cells do not proliferate in the absence of exogenous leukemia inhibitory factor in an in vitro methylcellulose culture assay, supporting a role for TIAR in regulating cell proliferation. Because the development of PGCs relies on the action of several growth factors, these results are consistent with a role for TIAR in the expression of a survival factor or survival factor receptor that is essential for PGC development. TIAR-deficient mice thus provide a model system to study molecular mechanisms of PGC development and possibly the basis for some forms of idiopathic infertility.
Metal complexes of a tetraazacyclophane: solution and molecular modelling studies (2003)

An alternative synthetic approach to yield the compound 2,3,5,6,8,9,11,14-octahydrobenzo[l][1,4,7,10]tetraazacyclotetradecine (bz[14]N4) is presented. The protonation constants of bz[14]N4 and the stability constants of its complexes with Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+ were determined in H2O at 25 °C with ionic strength 0.10 mol dm−3 in KNO3 and they were compared with structurally related macrocycles cyclam (1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) and cyclen (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane). These studies indicate that only 1 ∶ 1 (M ∶ L) species are formed in solution, and the ligand exhibits a high affinity for larger ions such as Cd2+ and Pb2+. The X-ray study of [bz[14]N4H3]3+ shows that an inclusion compound with a chloride counter-anion is formed through NH⋯Cl hydrogen bonds. Spectroscopic data in solution (electronic and NMR spectra) showed that the macrocycle adopts a planar arrangement upon metal complexation. Molecular mechanics calculations reveal that in spite of the presence of the benzene ring in the macrocyclic framework this ligand can encapsulate metal ions with different stereo-electronic sizes in square planar arrangements. Our results indicate that the presence of the benzene ring in the backbone of the bz[14]N4 confers a coordination behaviour intermediate between that of cyclam and cyclen.
Applying formal software synthesis (1993)

A software synthesis method that combines elements of graphical tools, specification writing, and code construction is discussed. Practical applications of the components and efforts to integrate them into a conceptually coherent prototype environment are described. The hallmarks of the approach are the use of formal methods and a general-purpose inference engine, supported by a comprehensive, interactive development environment. The development model is a formal method, but it differs from other formal approaches in that its notations are used primarily to represent programming knowledge and support automated code generation. The performance of the system is also described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>