gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Jersey low contact stress knee replacement system. Ten-year evaluation of meniscal bearings. (1989)

A metal-backed, interchangeable, meniscal bearing knee replacement system has been designed to combine low constraint forces with low contact stresses (LCS) to allow nearly normal joint articulation and loading as well as long-term wear resistance of the implants. System components allow unicompartmental, bicompartmental, tricompartmental, and revision knee arthroplasties. In this prospective comparison study, the early series of cases used methyl methacrylate for prosthesis-to-bone fixation, whereas the more recent series of knee replacements used sintered-bead porous coating to allow tissue ingrowth stabilization of all implants. Overall results in the first 149 cemented cases with 2- to 10-year follow-up (mean 7.6 years) were good to excellent in 85.2 per cent, fair in 3.4 per cent, and poor in 11.4 per cent using a strict knee scoring scale. Fair and poor results were seen predominantly in multiply operated and implant revision cases. The best cemented results were noted in primary cases, 95.1 per cent of which had good to excellent results. Overall results in the first 208 cementless cases with 2- to 7-year follow-up (mean 4.4 years) were good to excellent in 91.8 per cent, fair in 2.4 per cent, and poor in 5.8 per cent. Fair and poor results were also seen predominantly in multiply operated and implant revision cases. The best cementless results were noted in primary cases, 98.2 per cent of which had good to excellent results. Of 140 meniscal bearing implants in the entire series, one dislocation occurred (0.7 per cent) which required open bearing replacement. Of 217 rotating platform bearing implants in the entire series, 7 dislocations occurred (3.2 per cent), which required open bearing replacement or revision of components for malposition. These dislocations were seen predominantly in revision cases involving insufficient flexion stability; 6 of the 7 cases were revisions. This study demonstrates the efficacy of mobile bearing elements for use in knee replacement arthroplasty. It is essential that flexion and extension gaps be controlled to maintain contact pressure on such bearings to avoid problems of subluxation or dislocation.
Spur gear vibration mitigation by means of energy pumping (2009)

The dynamic behaviour of a spur gear pair can be studied in terms of transmission error considering a single degree of freedom system. Thus, a mechanical system exhibiting combined parametric excitation and clearance type nonlinearity is examined by means of numerical integrations and continuation methods in an effort to explain its complex behaviour, as it is commonly observed in the steady state forced response of rotating machines. The specific case of a preloaded mechanical oscillator having a periodically time varying stiffness function and subject to a symmetric backlash condition is considered. Even if such an oscillator represents the simplest model able to analyze a single spur gear pair, it exhibits a complex dynamic scenario, namely jumps, superharmonics, subharmonics resonances and dynamic bifurcations. In order to reduce the vibration of the system, a nonlinear absorber is applied. Unlike common linear and weakly nonlinear systems, systems with strongly nonlinear elements are able to react efficiently on the amplitude characteristics of the external forcing in a wide range of frequencies. A strongly and essentially nonlinear, lightweight, with cubic stiffness oscillator is then attached to the main nonlinear system under periodic parametric forcing and the feasibility of a possible application of this nonlinear energy sink (NES) for vibration absorption and mitigation is checked.
The quickhull algorithm for convex hulls (1996)

The convex hull of a set of points is the smallest convex set that contains the points. This article presents a practical convex hull algorithm that combines the two-dimensional Quickhull algorithm with the general-dimension Beneath-Beyond Algorithm. It is similar to the randomized, incremental algorithms for convex hull and delaunay triangulation. We provide empirical evidence that the algorithm runs faster when the input contains nonextreme points and that it used less memory. computational geometry algorithms have traditionally assumed that input sets are well behaved. When an algorithm is implemented with floating-point arithmetic, this assumption can lead to serous errors. We briefly describe a solution to this problem when computing the convex hull in two, three, or four dimensions. The output is a set of “thick” facets that contain all possible exact convex hulls of the input. A variation is effective in five or more dimensions.
Release of initiation control by a mutational alteration in the R6K pi protein required for plasmid DNA replication. (1983)

Plasmid pRK419, a derivative of the naturally occurring antibiotic resistance plasmid R6K, contains the pir gene that codes for the pi initiation protein and the beta and gamma replication origins of R6K. A mutation in plasmid pRK419, designated cos405, results in an elevated plasmid copy number in Escherichia coli growing at 42 degrees C and an even greater increase in copy number when the cells are shifted to 30 degrees C. This mutation was assigned to the structural gene for the pi protein on the basis of suppression of the mutant phenotype in E. coli when the wild-type pi protein is supplied in trans. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the cos405 mutant confirmed the pir gene location of the mutation and showed that this mutation results in a single amino acid substitution (glycine to aspartic acid) at the 81st position of the 305-amino acid pi protein. The properties of this mutant suggest that the pi protein plays a role in the negative control of the frequency of R6K initiation in addition to its requirement for the initiation of plasmid replication.
Three-reflection halfwave and quarterwave retarders using dielectric-coated metallic mirrors (1984)

A design procedure is described to determine the thicknesses of single-layer coatings of a given dielectric on a given metallic substrate so that a specified net phase retardance (and/or a net relative amplitude attenuation) between the p and s polarizations is achieved after three reflections from a symmetrical arrangement of three mirrors that maintain collinearity of the input and output beams. Examples are presented of halfwave and quarterwave retarders (HWR and QWR) that use a ZnS–Ag film–substrate system at the CO2-laser wavelength λ = 10.6 μm. The equal net reflectances for the p and s polarizations are computed and found to be high (above 90%) for most designs. Sensitivity of the designs (deviation of the magnitude and phase of the ratio of net complex p and s reflection coefficients from design specifications) to small film-thickness and angle-of-incidence errors is examined, and useful operation over a small wavelength range (10–11 μm) is demonstrated.
De novo KCNQ1 mutation responsible for atrial fibrillation and short QT syndrome in utero (2005)

The description of a novel, de novo gain of function mutation in KCNQ1, responsible for atrial fibrillation and short QT syndrome in utero indicates that some of these cases may have a genetic basis and confirms a previous hypothesis that gain of function mutations in KCNQ1 channels can shorten the duration of ventricular and atrial action potentials.
Systematic Comparison of Dendritic Cell-based Immunotherapeutic Strategies for Malignant Gliomas: In Vitro Induction of Cytolytic and Natural Killer-like T Cells (2004)

Apoptotic tumor cells may be an optimal source of whole-tumor-cell antigen for immunotherapy of gliomas. The study also demonstrates for the first time that both CTLs and NK-like T cells are expanded and stimulated by mature, tumor-pulsed DCs.
Photo-induced electrical switching through a mainchain polymer (2006)

A copolymer of diarylethene and trimethylsilyl-substituted p-phenylene vinylene (TPV) was synthesized to achieve photo-induced electrical change in a solid medium. The photo-isomerization of the polymer was induced by incorporating a 2,3-bis(2-methylbenzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)hexafluorocyclopentene (BTF) unit, while TPV units directly connected to BTF allowed the extension of π-electron delocalization. The conductivity of the polymer was significantly increased when the BTF unit was converted to a closed form (colored) using UV light. The conductivity switching was reversible by using UV and visible-light sources. The neat polymer film showed higher conductivity, while the doped polymer film with a BTF-TPV content of 10 wt% showed conductivity that was 10 times smaller than that of the neat polymer film, as estimated by the I–V plot on a photocell structured as Au/polymer/ITO. This shows the importance of π-electron connectivity through a mainchain polymer.
invis: Exploring high-dimensional RNA sequences from in vitro selection (2013)

In vitro selection and evolution is a powerful method for discovering RNA molecules based on their binding and catalysis properties. It has important applications to the study of genetic variation and molecular evolution. However, the resulting RNA sequences form a large, high-dimensional space and biologists lack adequate tools to explore and interpret these sequences. We present invis, the first visual analysis tool to facilitate exploration of in vitro selection sequence spaces. invis introduces a novel configuration of coordinated views that enables simultaneous inspection of global projections of sequence data alongside local regions of selected dimensions and sequence clusters. It allows scientists to isolate related sequences for further data analysis, compare sequence populations over varying conditions, filter sequences based on their similarities, and visualize likely pathways of genetic evolution. User feedback indicates that invis enables effective exploration of in vitro RNA selection sequences.
Ultrastructure and some biological properties of influenza A virus. IV. Effect of proteolytic enzymes on viral particle. (1988)

Influenza virus strain A/USSR/053/74/H3N2 was subjected to the effect of soluble and nonsoluble trypsin. Both enzymes appeared to affect the activity of neuraminidase. The viruses altered in this way did not induce interferon (IFN) in mice. Treatment of viral particles with soluble bromeline brought about almost complete inactivation of hemagglutinin and slight suppression of neuraminidase activity. This virus was capable of IFN induction. On the other hand, when nonsoluble bromeline was used as the treatment agent, complete inactivation of neuraminidase and reduction of hemagglutinin titer were observed. This virus was not capable of IFN induction. Viral preparations treated with pronase, trypsin and bromeline for a total extraction of the surface antigens, did not induce IFN. The viruses treated with these enzymes were examined under the electron microscope. Trypsin-treated viruses showed no changes on their surface while bromeline and pronase totally extracted the spikes of surface antigens.
Regulation of Involucrin Expression in Normal Human Corneal Epithelial Cells: A Role for Activator Protein One (2004)

These findings point to an important role for AP1 transcription factors in the regulation of human corneal epithelial cell involucrin gene expression.
Effect of 3.2%<i>vs</i>3.8% Sodium Citrate Concentration on Routine Coagulation Testing (1997)

The effects of 3.2% and 3.8% sodium citrate concentration on the results of routine coagulation assays (prothrombin time [PT] and activated partial thromboplastin time [aPTT]) were evaluated by means of two sets of reagents, one responsive and the other nonresponsive. Five groups were entered in the study: healthy volunteers; outpatients receiving stable oral anticoagulant therapy; and hospitalized patients receiving intravenous (i.v.) heparin therapy, both i.v. heparin and oral anticoagulant therapy, or no anticoagulant therapy. With use of nonresponsive PT and aPTT reagents, varying the citrate concentration has little clinical significance except in patients receiving i.v. heparin therapy. In contrast, when responsive PT and aPTT reagents are used, the concentration of sodium citrate anticoagulant has a significant effect on assay results. Eighteen percent of samples from patients receiving stable oral anticoagulant therapy demonstrated a change of less than 0.7 INR (International Normalized Ratio) units between citrate concentrations. Nineteen percent of patients receiving i.v. heparin therapy had a greater than 7-second difference when aPTT results were compared. These data demonstrate that citrate concentration affects the results of coagulation tests. On the basis of these data, it is recommended that 3.2% citrate be used for all coagulation tests.
Latent Lymphokines: Isolation of Guinea Pig Latent Lymphocyte-Derived Chemotactic Factor for Monocytes. Its Activation by Trypsin and a Soluble Factor from Macrophages (1979)

Guinea pig lymphocytes when depleted of macrophages and stimulated by the T cell mitogen phytohemagglutinin produce a latent form of lymphocyte-derived chemotactic factor for monocytes (LDCF-M). Latent LDCF-M is also produced when immune lymphocytes are stimulated in vitro with specific antigen, horseradish peroxidase. Latent LDCF-M from both sources can be activated and converted to "classical" LDCF-M by trypsin and by a soluble factor obtained from sonicated macrophages. These observations suggest that macrophages may modulate lymphokine activities in vivo by releasing soluble factors that convert inactive latent lymphokines to biologically active substances.
Searching a two key table under a single key (1987)

We present a method for arranging an arbitrary 2-key table as an n by 2 array such that a search can be performed under either key in O(lg2n lglg n) time. This is in sharp contrast with an Ω(√n) lower bound for the problem under a model in which all comparisons must involve the value being searched for.
Outsourcing decision support: a survey of benefits, risks, and decision factors (2006)

Purpose The purpose of this study is twofold. The first is to provide a structured review of the vast amount of outsourcing literature that has accumulated in the past two decades using a decision support framework. The second purpose is to statistically analyze the contents of the studies to identify commonalities as well as gaps, in order to suggest directions for future research. Design/methodology/approach The contents of more than 200 publications are analyzed using a variety of approaches. A decision support framework is used to first classify whether the studies address outsourcing benefits, risks, motivations or factors. Next, each classification is further described by the type of benefits, risks, etc. Additional relevant contents such as type of organization, and the location of the outsourcing practice are also considered. Multivariate analyses consisting of cross tabulations, chi‐square testing and cluster analysis are used for categorizing the studies with the aim of identifying relationships among the studies which are not apparent when they are considered individually. Findings A number of trends and relationships are identified. For example, most studies focus on US for‐profit organizations and are typically theoretical, discussing benefits, risks and motivators. On the other hand, the research on outsourcing practices of non‐profit organizations, where objectives for outsourcing are typically politically driven, is found to be scarce. Furthermore, the results of the cluster analysis indicate that the studies can be grouped into six clusters where the five small clusters are characterized by strong relationships with a few variables while the large cluster is characterized by variables that are not addressed in the studies. Practical implications Outsourcing has become commonplace in today's businesses. In addition to outsourcing in profit seeking organizations, there is considerable outsourcing effort in governmental and non‐profit organizations also. It is not easy for managers who are exploring outsourcing opportunities for the very first time and academicians who want to build upon existing studies to search the literature to find what they are looking for. This study addresses this difficulty by providing different classifications of the literature based on a variety of research criteria. Originality/value This study is a first attempt to organize the outsourcing literature using statistical as well as decision support tools. Using cluster analysis and discriminant analysis to explore the relationships among the contents of the studies is a new approach.
Sheet-scanned dual-axis confocal microscopy using Richardson–Lucy deconvolution (2014)

We have previously developed a line-scanned dual-axis confocal (LS-DAC) microscope with subcellular resolution suitable for high-frame-rate diagnostic imaging at shallow depths. Due to the loss of confocality along one dimension, the contrast (signal-to-background ratio) of a LS-DAC microscope is deteriorated compared to a point-scanned DAC microscope. However, by using a sCMOS camera for detection, a short oblique light-sheet is imaged at each scanned position. Therefore, by scanning the light sheet in only one dimension, a thin 3D volume is imaged. Both sequential two-dimensional deconvolution and three-dimensional deconvolution are performed on the thin image volume to improve the resolution and contrast of one en face confocal image section at the center of the volume, a technique we call sheet-scanned dual-axis confocal (SS-DAC) microscopy.
Integrated CMOS Polymerase Chain Reaction Lab-on-chip (2014)

Considerable effort has recently been directed toward the miniaturization of quantitative-polymerase-chain-reaction [QPCR] instrumentation in an effort to reduce both cost and form factor for point-of-care applications. Notable gains have been made in shrinking the required volumes of PCR reagents, but resultant prototypes retain their bench-top form factor either due to heavy heating plates or cumbersome optical sensing instrumentation. In this thesis, we describe the use of complementary-metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuit (IC) technology to produce a fully integrated qPCR lab-on-chip. Exploiting a 0.35-µm high-voltage CMOS process, the IC contains all of the key components for performing qPCR. Integrated resistive heaters and temperature sensors regulate the surface temperature of the chip to 0.45°C. Electrowetting-on-dielectric microfluidic pixels are actively driven from the chip surface, allowing for droplet generation and transport down to volumes of less than 1.2 nanoliters. Integrated single-photon avalanche diodes [SPAD] are used for fluorescent monitoring of the reaction, allowing for the quantification of target DNA with more than four-orders-of-magnitude of dynamic range with sensitivities down to a single copy per droplet. Using this device, reliable and sensitive real-time proof-of-concept detection of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is demonstrated.
Identification and Characterization of a Two-Component Sensor-Kinase and Response-Regulator System (DcuS-DcuR) Controlling Gene Expression in Response to C <sub>4</sub> -Dicarboxylates in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1999)

The dcuB gene of Escherichia coli encodes an anaerobic C4-dicarboxylate transporter that is induced anaerobically by FNR, activated by the cyclic AMP receptor protein, and repressed in the presence of nitrate by NarL. In addition, dcuB expression is strongly induced by C4-dicarboxylates, suggesting the presence of a novel C4-dicarboxylate-responsive regulator in E. coli. This paper describes the isolation of a Tn10 mutant in which the 160-fold induction of dcuB expression by C4-dicarboxylates is absent. The corresponding Tn10 mutation resides in the yjdH gene, which is adjacent to the yjdG gene and close to the dcuB gene at approximately 93.5 min in the E. coli chromosome. The yjdHG genes (redesignated dcuSR) appear to constitute an operon encoding a two-component sensor-regulator system (DcuS-DcuR). A plasmid carrying the dcuSR operon restored the C4-dicarboxylate inducibility of dcuB expression in the dcuS mutant to levels exceeding those of the dcuS+ strain by approximately 1.8-fold. The dcuS mutation affected the expression of other genes with roles in C4-dicarboxylate transport or metabolism. Expression of the fumarate reductase (frdABCD) operon and the aerobic C4-dicarboxylate transporter (dctA) gene were induced 22- and 4-fold, respectively, by the DcuS-DcuR system in the presence of C4-dicarboxylates. Surprisingly, anaerobic fumarate respiratory growth of the dcuS mutant was normal. However, under aerobic conditions with C4-dicarboxylates as sole carbon sources, the mutant exhibited a growth defect resembling that of a dctA mutant. Studies employing a dcuA dcuB dcuC triple mutant unable to transport C4-dicarboxylates anaerobically revealed that C4-dicarboxylate transport is not required for C4-dicarboxylate-responsive gene regulation. This suggests that the DcuS-DcuR system responds to external substrates. Accordingly, topology studies using 14 DcuS-BlaM fusions showed that DcuS contains two putative transmembrane helices flanking a approximately 140-residue N-terminal domain apparently located in the periplasm. This topology strongly suggests that the periplasmic loop of DcuS serves as a C4-dicarboxylate sensor. The cytosolic region of DcuS (residues 203 to 543) contains two domains: a central PAS domain possibly acting as a second sensory domain and a C-terminal transmitter domain. Database searches showed that DcuS and DcuR are closely related to a subgroup of two-component sensor-regulators that includes the citrate-responsive CitA-CitB system of Klebsiella pneumoniae. DcuS is not closely related to the C4-dicarboxylate-sensing DctS or DctB protein of Rhodobacter capsulatus or rhizobial species, respectively. Although all three proteins have similar topologies and functions, and all are members of the two-component sensor-kinase family, their periplasmic domains appear to have evolved independently.
Quantified Traveler: Travel Feedback Meets the Cloud to Change Behavior (2013)

We describe the design and evaluation of a system named Quantified Traveler (QT). QT is a computational travel feedback system. Travel feedback is an established programmatic method whereby travelers record travel in diaries, and meet with a counselor who guides the user to alternate mode or trip decisions that are more sustainable or otherwise beneficial to society, while still meeting the subject's mobility needs. QT is a computation surrogate for the counselor. Since counselor costs can limit the size of travel feedback programs, a system such as QT at the low costs of cloud computing could dramatically increase scale, and thereby sustainable travel. QT uses an application (app) on the phone to collect travel data, a server in the cloud to process it into travel diaries, and then a personalized carbon, exercise, time, and cost footprint. The subject is able to see all of this information on the Web. We evaluate the system with 135 subjects to learn whether subjects will let us use their personal phones and data plans to build travel diaries, whether they actually use the website to look at their travel information, whether the design creates pro-environmental shifts in psychological variables measured by entry and exit surveys, and finally whether the revealed travel behavior records reduced driving. Before-and-after statistical analysis and the results from a structural equation model suggest that the results are a qualified success.