gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Game optimal sensor management strategies for tracking elusive space objects (2017)

This paper presents a pursuit-evasion (PE) orbital game approach for space situational awareness (SSA), where imperfect measurements and/or informational uncertainties are addressed. Whether deliberate or unintentional, some of space objects may cause confusion to observers (satellites) by performing orbital maneuvers. Generally, the space-object tracking problem can be modeled as a one-sided optimization (optimal control) setup or a two-sided optimization (game) problem. In the optimal control setup, the states (positions and velocities) of space objects are computed (filtered) based on the sensor measurements. However, the optimal control approach does not consider the intelligence of the space objects that may change their orbits intentionally to make it difficult for the observer to track it. The proposed PE approach provides a method to solve the SSA problem, where the evader will exploit the sensing and tracking model to confuse the pursuer by corrupting their tracking estimates, while the pursuer wants to decrease the tracking uncertainties. The uncertainties are modeled based on the tracking entropy. For the applied consensus-based filters, the entropy is simplified as the product of eigenvalues of error covariance matrices. The fictitious play framework has been exploited to solve the non-linear PE games. Examples are presented for different maneuvering scenarios with optical tracking used space-based optical (SBO) sensors.
Extending the depth of field with chromatic aberration for dual-wavelength iris imaging (2017)

We propose a method of extending the depth of field to twice that achievable by conventional lenses for the purpose of a low cost iris recognition front-facing camera in mobile phones. By introducing intrinsic primary chromatic aberration in the lens, the depth of field is doubled by means of dual wavelength illumination. The lens parameters (radius of curvature, optical power) can be found analytically by using paraxial raytracing. The effective range of distances covered increases with dispersion of the glass chosen and with larger distance for the near object point.
Photocyclization of pyrrole analogues of stilbene: an expedient approach to antitumour agent CC-1065 (1984)

Described are the preliminary results of a photochemical cyclization based approach to CC-1065; readily available heterocycles are converted into pyrrole analogues of stilbene which are cyclized to give the tricyclic ring structure necessary for CC-1065 and its analogues.
Vehicle Inertia Impact on Fuel Consumption of Conventional and Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using Acceleration and Coast Driving Strategy (2009)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In the past few years, the price of petroleum based fuels, especially vehicle fuels such as gasoline and diesel, have been increasing at a significant rate. Consequently, there is much more consumer interest related to reducing fuel consumption of conventional and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs).</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The “pulse and glide” (PnG) driving strategy is first applied to a conventional vehicle to quantify the fuel consumption benefits when compared to steady state speed (cruising) conditions over the same time and distance. Then an HEV is modeled and tested to investigate if a hybrid system can further reduce fuel consumption with the proposed strategy. Note that the HEV used in this study has the advantage that the engine can be automatically shut off below a certain speed (∼40 mph, 64 kph) at low loads, however a driver must shut off the engine manually in a conventional vehicle to apply this driving strategy.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A general analysis of a pulse and glide (PnG) driving strategy is presented and the fuel energy benefit ratio is proposed. Simulation results of a Ford Focus show 33 - 77 % fuel economy improvement by the PnG driving strategy depending on different speed ranges and acceleration times. The fuel economy results of a 2004 Toyota Prius from simulation and testing show 24 - 90 % fuel economy improvement with PnG drive cycles compared to steady speed results. However, the fuel economy can vary in HEVs by electric only drive mode fraction during one short cycle, especially for steady speed cases. The change in battery SOC should be small to compare fuel use results correctly for HEVs.</div>
Analysis of factors influencing the performance of CMS membranes for gas separation (2006)

Carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membranes represent the most attractive pure component materials to compete against polymer membranes for high performance gas separations. CMS membranes are formed from the thermal decomposition of polymer precursors and can therefore be formed into continuous defect free membranes with excellent gas separation performance. Over the last 20 years, CMS membranes have been produced in a variety of geometries and have a wide range of separation performance applicable to several important gas separations.\n \nThough research into CMS membrane formation is quite extensive, the relationship between synthesis factors and separation performance is still not well understood. The goal of this study was to elucidate the effect of two different synthesis factors on the separation performance of CMS membranes to allow more control over separation performance. The foci of this study were to clarify (1) the effect of pyrolysis atmosphere and (2) the effect of polymer precursor composition.\n\nDense flat CMS membranes were synthesized from 6FDA:BPDA-DAM precursor at 550 oC using several pyrolysis atmospheres including vacuum pyrolysis (<0.05 torr), helium and argon flowing at atmospheric pressure, and helium and argon flowing at reduced pressures. The separation performance of CMS membranes produced under different pyrolysis atmospheres suggests that the amount of oxygen available during pyrolysis has a significant affect on the microstructure of membrane.\n \nCMS membranes were produced from 6FDA:BPDA(1:1)-DAM and 6FDA:BPDA(1:1)-DAM under identical pyrolysis conditions to determine the utility of polymer precursor composition as an engineering tool to fine-tune the performance of CMS membranes. In a second study utilizing 6FDA-6FpDA and 6FDA-6FmDA precursors, the separation performance of CMS membranes was shown to be dependent on the intrinsic precursor free volume. These studies have shown that two factors to be considered when choosing a polymer precursor are the intrinsic free volume of the polymer and the composition of the by-products evolved during pyrolysis.
A generalized diffraction tomography algorithm (1991)

Available diffraction tomography algorithms are based on Fourier transform techniques and require either plane-wave illumination in a uniform background medium or far-field illumination combined with paraxial approximations. In this paper a generalized diffraction tomography algorithm is introduced that can handle both irregularly spaced measurement data, nonuniform background models, and general aquisition geometries. Using data from water tank experiments, the method’s ability to yield high-quality reconstructions of geometry and velocity, as long as the weak-scattering assumption is satisfied, is demonstrated.
Robust Visual Recognition Using Multilayer Generative Neural Networks (2010)

Deep generative neural networks such as the Deep Belief Network and Deep Boltzmann Machines have been used successfully to model high dimensional visual data. However, they are not robust to common variations such as occlusion and random noise. In this thesis, we explore two strategies for improving the robustness of DBNs. First, we show that a DBN with sparse connections in the first layer is more robust to variations that are not in the training set. Second, we develop a probabilistic denoising algorithm to determine a subset of the hidden layer nodes to unclamp. We show that this can be applied to any feedforward network classifier with localized first layer connections. By utilizing the already available generative model for denoising prior to recognition, we show significantly better performance over the standard DBN implementations for various sources of noise on the standard and Variations MNIST databases.
Early amniocentesis: Experience of 222 consecutive patients, 1987–1988 (1990)

Early amniocentesis from 9 to 14 weeks' gestation provides a safe and accurate method of prenatal diagnosis of cytogenetic and biochemical disorders. There was a 100 per cent success rate in culturing the amniotic cells from 222 samples obtained between 9 and 14 weeks' gestation. Follow-up of the patients to delivery revealed an abortion rate of 1.4 per cent. Among the 207 live- and stillborn infants, only one had a congenital abnormality (bilateral talipes equino-varus) and no infant had respiratory distress syndrome or pneumonia. Eleven pregnancies were terminated following the detection of a chromosomal, biochemical, or congenital abnormality (5.0 per cent). However, before the procedure of early amniocentesis becomes routine clinical practice, it requires appraisal by a randomized clinical trial.
On-chip structures for timing measurement and test (2004)

This paper describes the use of digitally set delay lines in conjunction with MUTEX time comparison circuits, to measure on-chip signal path timing differences to accuracies of better than 10ps. Three methods of time measurement are described. The first, which uses parallel MUTEXs with a tapped delay line, is analogous to a flash AID converter. The second one is similar to a successive approximation method. Both are fast, and efficient, but the second requires less hardware for a large number of bits. The third technique uses a MUTEX to amplify small time differences to a measurable size. Applications for these techniques include adaptive synchronization and input tests, such as data set-up time conditions that currently require the use of very expensive test hardware. We describe an on-chip method of testing these conditions, using uncorrelated signals whose statistics are known, and accurately selecting the conditions to be tested on-chip.
Influence of FOXP3 on CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup>regulatory T cells (2006)

FOXP3, a member of the forkhead family of transcriptional regulatory proteins, is expressed predominantly in CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells. These cells are vital for maintaining peripheral tolerance. A lack of FOXP3 results in severe lymphoproliferative disease and autoimmunity in both mouse and humans, which is the result of an absence of CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) regulatory cells. This review discusses the role that this protein plays in the commitment and function of regulatory T cells and its characteristics of FOXP3. We then discuss how, in humans, the induction of FOXP3 in nonregulatory CD4(+) T cells can result in the generation of regulatory T cells in the periphery. A finding that has implications on both how autoimmunity is regulated in vivo as well an impact on the development of therapeutic interventions for the treatment of autoimmunity.
Sequence Diversity in the Coat Protein Coding Region of Wheat Yellow Mosaic Bymovirus Isolates from China (2000)

Isolates of wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) were collected from 11 sites in China and the 3′‐terminal portions of RNA1 (including the coat protein coding region) were amplified by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. No fragment could be amplified from one isolate although WYMV was shown to be present. The sequences of the remaining 10 isolates were compared with other published sequences. The isolates sequenced all had a coat protein coding region of 879 nucleotides and had 96.7–99.9% nucleotides identical to other isolates and between 0 and 11 amino acid differences between them. Unusually for a virus in the family Potyviridae , these differences were mostly in the central region. A consensus amino acid sequence for all bymoviruses was constructed. The 3′‐UTR sequences had from 255 to 259 nucleotides with 96.9‐100% identical nucleotides between them.
Distinguishing humans from robots in web search logs (2009)

The workload on web search engines is actually multiclass, being derived from the activities of both human users and automated robots. It is important to distinguish between these two classes in order to reliably characterize human web search behavior, and to study the effect of robot activity. We suggest an approach based on a multi-dimensional characterization of search sessions, and take first steps towards implementing it by studying the interaction between the query submittal rate and the minimal interval of time between different queries.
Direct Colorimetric Method for Phosphorus in All Types of Steel (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect Colorimetric Method for Phosphorus in All Types of SteelH. L. Katz and K. L. ProctorCite this: Anal. Chem. 1947, 19, 8, 612–614Publication Date (Print):August 19, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 19 August 1947https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60008a007RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views31Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (409 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
System-level power optimization: techniques and tools (2003)

This tutorial presents a cohesive view of power-conscious system-level design. We consider systems as consisting of a hardware platform executing software programs. We address the problems of power estimation and minimization for such systems. We consider the major constituents of systems: processors, memories and communication resources. We analyze power dissipation in these components and we survey computer-aided power reduction techniques. We also consider global system-level control schemes, such as dynamic power management. We conclude by pointing out further research problems which are still open in this domain.
A Specification-Based Approach For Retrieval Of Reusable Business Component For Software Reuse (2008)

Software reuse can be considered as the most realistic and promising way to improve software engineering productivity and quality. Automated assistance for software reuse involves the representation, classification, retrieval and adaptation of components. The representation and retrieval of components are important to software reuse in Component-Based on Software Development (CBSD). However, current industrial component models mainly focus on the implement techniques and ignore the semantic information about component, so it is difficult to retrieve the components that satisfy user-s requirements. This paper presents a method of business component retrieval based on specification matching to solve the software reuse of enterprise information system. First, a business component model oriented reuse is proposed. In our model, the business data type is represented as sign data type based on XML, which can express the variable business data type that can describe the variety of business operations. Based on this model, we propose specification match relationships in two levels: business operation level and business component level. In business operation level, we use input business data types, output business data types and the taxonomy of business operations evaluate the similarity between business operations. In the business component level, we propose five specification matches between business components. To retrieval reusable business components, we propose the measure of similarity degrees to calculate the similarities between business components. Finally, a business component retrieval command like SQL is proposed to help user to retrieve approximate business components from component repository.
Protein Kinase C-mediated Phosphorylation and Activation of PDE3A Regulate cAMP Levels in Human Platelets (2009)

The elevation of [cAMP](i) is an important mechanism of platelet inhibition and is regulated by the opposing activity of adenylyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase (PDE). In this study, we demonstrate that a variety of platelet agonists, including thrombin, significantly enhance the activity of PDE3A in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Stimulation of platelets with the PAR-1 agonist SFLLRN resulted in rapid and transient phosphorylation of PDE3A on Ser(312), Ser(428), Ser(438), Ser(465), and Ser(492), in parallel with the PKC (protein kinase C) substrate, pleckstrin. Furthermore, phosphorylation and activation of PDE3A required the activation of PKC, but not of PI3K/PKB, mTOR/p70S6K, or ERK/RSK. Activation of PKC by phorbol esters also resulted in phosphorylation of the same PDE3A sites in a PKC-dependent, PKB-independent manner. This was further supported by the finding that IGF-1, which strongly activates PI3K/PKB, but not PKC, did not regulate PDE3A. Platelet activation also led to a PKC-dependent association between PDE3A and 14-3-3 proteins. In contrast, cAMP-elevating agents such as PGE(1) and forskolin-induced phosphorylation of Ser(312) and increased PDE3A activity, but did not stimulate 14-3-3 binding. Finally, complete antagonism of PGE(1)-evoked cAMP accumulation by thrombin required both G(i) and PKC activation. Together, these results demonstrate that platelet activation stimulates PKC-dependent phosphorylation of PDE3A on Ser(312), Ser(428), Ser(438), Ser(465), and Ser(492) leading to a subsequent increase in cAMP hydrolysis and 14-3-3 binding.
GaN as a neutron detection material (2010)

GaN is a promising material for neutron detection applications, with advantages over Si and GaAs. GaN films doped with Gd have been grown by MOCVD and investigated for their feasibility for neutron detection. The films were structurally and electrically characterized through HRXRD and Hall effect measurements. Alpha particle luminescence of both doped and undoped films was used to investigate gamma discrimination properties.
Morphology, Thermal, and Mechanical Behavior of Ethylene Octene Copolymer Toughened Polyamide 6/Polypropylene Nanocomposites (2006)

Polyamide 6/polypropylene (PA6/PP = 70/30 parts) blends containing 10 wt% of ethylene octene copolymer (POE) and different loading (2–6 wt%) of organophilic modified monmorillonite (MMT, organocaly) are prepared using a twin screw extruder followed by injection molding. Polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MAH) of 5 wt% is also incorporated as a compatibilizer. The mechanical properties of blended nanocomposites are studied through tensile, flexural, and impact tests. The morphology, essentially comprised of PP and POE particles dispersed in the PA6 matrix, is characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Wide angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used to characterize the formation of nanocomposites. The thermal properties are characterized by using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). The dynamic mechanical properties of the PA6/PP blend and PA6/PP/POE nanocomposites are analyzed by using a dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer (DMTA). The incorporation of organoclay does not influence the melting temperature or crystallinity of PA6 or PP. However, the thermal stability of the nanocomposites improved by about 20 C with the incorporation of 2–4 wt% organoclay. The PA6/PP nanocomposites containing 4 wt% of organoclay and 10 wt% of POE exhibit good toughness retention without significant loss of stiffness and strength properties.
SUBSTANTIAL BENEFITS OF TISSUE MATCHING IN RENAL TRANSPLANTATION (1987)

The purpose of this study was to perform a rigorous statistical analysis of the benefits of HLA-A,B and DR matching in renal transplantation. Graft survival in 2282 first cadaver kidney transplants, recorded and followed up by the United Kingdom Transplant Service (UKTS), was analyzed using the piecewise proportional hazards regression method. The results show that substantial improvements in graft survival are obtained when there is DR compatibility and at most one A or B mismatch, but that there is little advantage in tissue matching unless this degree of matching can be attained. So far, few graft recipients have benefited substantially through tissue matching (24% of kidneys exchanged through UKTS in 1984). This is partly attributable to unresolved technical problems in DR typing. However simulations show that under ideal conditions, with a pool of 3000 patients awaiting transplantation, considerable improvements in graft survival can be obtained in over 60% of recipients.
First commercial test is success for catalytic hydrogen sulfide oxidation process (1982)

This paper describes characteristics of LO-CAT catalytic hydrogen sulfide oxidation processes for sulfur recovery from refinery process off-gas streams. Details of application and experience gained during startup at the US Oil and Refining Co.'s Tacoma, Wash., refinery are given. Addition of sulfur recovery facilities was required to handle H/sub 2/S laden off-gas from the fuel oil hydrotreater and ultimately the fluid cat cracking complex. A diagram is presented showing the absorber/oxidizer circuit. Equipment maintenance requirements have been high due to the erosive/corrosive nature of the circulating liquid streams. Previous application of the LO-CAT process included aerobic operations as well as anaerobic, and gas streams treated ranged from carbon dioxide for commercial beverage use to contaminated air from a refinery waste water treating plant.
Xe-p9, a <i>Xenopus</i> Suc1/Cks protein, is essential for the Cdc2-dependent phosphorylation of the anaphase- promoting complex at mitosis (1998)

Degradation of mitotic cyclins on exit from M phase occurs by ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. The ubiquitination of mitotic cyclins is regulated by the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) or cyclosome. Xe-p9, the Xenopus homolog of the Suc1/Cks protein, is required for some step in mitotic cyclin destruction in Xenopus egg extracts. Specifically, if p9 is removed from interphase egg extracts, these p9-depleted extracts are unable to carry out the proteolysis of cyclin B after entry into mitosis and thus remain arrested in M phase. To explore the molecular basis of this defect, we depleted p9 from extracts that had already entered M phase and thus contained an active APC. We found that ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of cyclin B was not compromised under these circumstances, suggesting that p9 is not directly required for ubiquitination or proteolysis. Further analysis of extracts from which p9 had been removed during interphase showed that, at the beginning of mitosis, these extracts are unable to carry out the hyperphosphorylation of the Cdc27 component of the APC, which coincides with the initial activation of the APC. p9 can be found in a complex with a small fraction of the Cdc27 protein during M phase but not interphase. The phosphorylation of the Cdc27 protein (either associated with the APC or in an isolated, bacterially expressed form) by recombinant Cdc2/cyclin B is strongly enhanced by p9. Our results indicate that p9 directly regulates the phosphorylation of the APC by Cdc2/cyclin B. These studies indicate that the Suc1/Cks protein modulates substrate recognition by a cyclin-dependent kinase.