gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acidity of hydrocarbons. XXXIX. H- Acidity function for methanolic sodium methoxide (HM) based on ionization of a hydrocarbon acid (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcidity of hydrocarbons. XXXIX. H- Acidity function for methanolic sodium methoxide (HM) based on ionization of a hydrocarbon acidA. Streitwieser Jr., C. J. Chang, and A. T. YoungCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 14, 4888–4891Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00769a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00769a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views172Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Parallel programming of an ionic floating-gate memory array for scalable neuromorphic computing (2019)

Neuromorphic computers could overcome efficiency bottlenecks inherent to conventional computing through parallel programming and readout of artificial neural network weights in a crossbar memory array. However, selective and linear weight updates and <10-nanoampere read currents are required for learning that surpasses conventional computing efficiency. We introduce an ionic floating-gate memory array based on a polymer redox transistor connected to a conductive-bridge memory (CBM). Selective and linear programming of a redox transistor array is executed in parallel by overcoming the bridging threshold voltage of the CBMs. Synaptic weight readout with currents <10 nanoamperes is achieved by diluting the conductive polymer with an insulator to decrease the conductance. The redox transistors endure >1 billion write-read operations and support >1-megahertz write-read frequencies.
Neutron-Encoded Protein Quantification by Peptide Carbamylation (2013)

We describe a chemical tag for duplex proteome quantification using neutron encoding (NeuCode). The method utilizes the straightforward, efficient, and inexpensive carbamylation reaction. We demonstrate the utility of NeuCode carbamylation by accurately measuring quantitative ratios from tagged yeast lysates mixed in known ratios and by applying this method to quantify differential protein expression in mice fed a either control or high-fat diet.
Identification and Characterization of Inhibitors of Bacterial Enoyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase (2004)

Bacterial enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (ENR) catalyzes an essential step in fatty acid biosynthesis. ENR is an attractive target for narrow-spectrum antibacterial drug discovery because of its essential role in metabolism and its sequence conservation across many bacterial species. In addition, the bacterial ENR sequence and structural organization are distinctly different from those of mammalian fatty acid biosynthesis enzymes. High-throughput screening to identify inhibitors of Escherichia coli ENR yielded four structurally distinct classes of hits. Several members of one of these, the 2-(alkylthio)-4,6-diphenylpyridine-3-carbonitriles ("thiopyridines"), inhibited both purified ENR (50% inhibitory concentration [IC(50)] = 3 to 25 micro M) and the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis (MIC = 1 to 64 micro g/ml). The effect on cell growth is due in part to inhibition of fatty acid biosynthesis as judged by inhibition of incorporation of [(14)C]acetate into fatty acids and by the increased sensitivity of cells that underexpress an ENR-encoding gene (four- to eightfold MIC shift). Synthesis of a variety of compounds in this chemical series revealed a correlation between IC(50) and MIC, and the results provided initial structure-activity relationships. Preliminary structure-activity relationships, potency on purified ENR, and activity on bacterial cells indicate that members of the thiopyridine chemical series are effective fatty acid biosynthesis inhibitors suitable for further antibacterial development.
Pi transport and metabolism in mammalian skeletal muscle (1990)

Conference Article| August 01 1990 Pi transport and metabolism in mammalian skeletal muscle GRAHAM J. KEMP; GRAHAM J. KEMP 1Department of Biochemistry, Univesity of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar KIM E. POLGREEN; KIM E. POLGREEN 1Department of Biochemistry, Univesity of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar GEORGE K. RADDA GEORGE K. RADDA 1Department of Biochemistry, Univesity of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1990) 18 (4): 625–626. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0180625a Article history Received: November 24 1989 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation GRAHAM J. KEMP, KIM E. POLGREEN, GEORGE K. RADDA; Pi transport and metabolism in mammalian skeletal muscle. Biochem Soc Trans 1 August 1990; 18 (4): 625–626. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0180625a Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: MEM, modified Eagle's medium, FCS, fetal calf serum, HS, horse serum, TR, Tris-buffered Ringer This content is only available as a PDF. © 1990 Biochemical Society1990 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Ethical and Scientific Issues of Nanotechnology in the Workplace (2006)

In the absence of scientific clarity about the potential health effects of occupational exposure to nanoparticles, a need exists for guidance in decisionmaking about hazards, risks, and controls. An identification of the ethical issues involved may be useful to decision makers, particularly employers, workers, investors, and health authorities. Because the goal of occupational safety and health is the prevention of disease in workers, the situations that have ethical implications that most affect workers have been identified. These situations include the a) identification and communication of hazards and risks by scientists, authorities, and employers; b) workers' acceptance of risk; c) selection and implementation of controls; d) establishment of medical screening programs; and e) investment in toxicologic and control research. The ethical issues involve the unbiased determination of hazards and risks, nonmaleficence (doing no harm), autonomy, justice, privacy, and promoting respect for persons. As the ethical issues are identified and explored, options for decision makers can be developed. Additionally, societal deliberations about workplace risks of nanotechnologies may be enhanced by special emphasis on small businesses and adoption of a global perspective.
Spinal muscular atrophy: Development and implementation of potential treatments (2013)

In neurodegenerative disorders, effective treatments are urgently needed, along with methods to determine whether treatment worked. In this review, we discuss the rapid progress in the understanding of recessive proximal spinal muscular atrophy and how this is leading to exciting potential treatments of the disease. Spinal muscular atrophy is caused by loss of the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene and reduced levels of SMN protein. The critical downstream targets of SMN deficiency that result in motor neuron loss are not known. However, increasing SMN levels has a marked impact in mouse models, and these therapeutics are rapidly moving toward clinical trials. Promising preclinical therapies, the varying degree of impact on the mouse models, and potential measures of treatment effect are reviewed. One key issue discussed is the variable outcome of increasing SMN at different stages of disease progression.
CT image registration-based lung mechanics In COPD (2016)

<p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a growing health concern associated with high morbidity and mortality, and is currently the third-ranked cause of death in the United States. COPD is characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible and includes chronic bronchitis, functional small airway disease, and emphysema. The interrelationship between emphysema and airway disease in COPD makes it a highly complex and heterogeneous disorder. Appropriate diagnosis of COPD is vital to administer targeted therapy strategies that can improve patient’s quality of life and reduce the frequency of COPD associated exacerbations. Although spirometry or pulmonary function tests are currently the gold standard for the diagnosis and staging of the disease, their lack of reproducibility and minimal information on regional characterization of the lung tissue destruction makes it hard to rely on to phenotype COPD population and predict disease progression. Quantification of COPD, as done by computed tomography (CT) methods has seen significant advancements, helping us understand the complex pathophysiology of this disease. The prospective and established techniques that are derived from CT imaging such as densitometry, texture, airway, and pulmonary vasculature-based analyses have been successful in regional characterization of emphysema related lung tissue destruction and airway disease related morphological changes in COPD patients. Although, these measures enriched our diagnostic and treating capability of COPD, they lack information on patient specific alterations in lung mechanics and regional parenchymal stresses. This valuable information can be achieved through the use of image registration protocols. Our main goal of this research work is to examine and evaluate the role of lung mechanical measures derived from CT image registration techniques in COPD diagnosis, phenotyping, and progression.</p>
Handbook of linear integrated electronics for research (1977)

Handbook of linear integrated electronics for research , Handbook of linear integrated electronics for research , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Quantifying the sequence–function relation in gene silencing by bacterial small RNAs (2011)

Sequence-function relations for small RNA (sRNA)-mediated gene silencing were quantified for the sRNA RyhB and some of its mRNA targets in Escherichia coli. Numerous mutants of RyhB and its targets were generated and their in vivo functions characterized at various levels of target and RyhB expression. Although a core complementary region is required for repression by RyhB, variations in the complementary sequences of the core region gave rise to a continuum of repression strengths, correlated exponentially with the computed free energy of RyhB-target duplex formation. Moreover, sequence variations in the linker region known to interact with the RNA chaperone Hfq also gave rise to a continuum of repression strengths, correlated exponentially with the computed energy cost of keeping the linker region open. These results support the applicability of the thermodynamic model in predicting sRNA-mRNA interaction and suggest that sequences at these locations may be used to fine-tune the degree of repression. Surprisingly, a truncated RyhB without the Hfq-binding region is found to repress multiple targets of the wild-type RyhB effectively, both in the presence and absence of Hfq, even though the former is required for the activity of wild-type RyhB itself. These findings challenge the commonly accepted model concerning the function of Hfq in gene silencing-both in providing stability to the sRNAs and in catalyzing the target mRNAs to take on active conformations-and raise the intriguing question of why many endogenous sRNAs subject their functions to Hfq-dependences.
The Effects of Temperature and Predators on the Abundance of the Soft-Shell Clam, Mya Arenaria, in New England (1955)

Explanation of the recent decrease in production of the soft-shell clam in New England is the objective of the Fish and Wildlife Service Clam Investigations. Experimental clam farms failed unless protected from green crabs, Carcinides maenas. Laboratory experiments proved that Carcinides is a serious predator. Clam abundance decreased 50 percent in 4 years in study areas even though fishing intensity was very low and reproduction was adequate. Population decrease occurred principally in places where green crabs had become abundant, and in size groups which are attacked by crabs. Clam population on commercial flats decreased from 1949 to 1954 and recent year classes are scarce or absent. Green crabs became abundant during this period. Scientific records and interviews of fishermen indicate a northeastward extension of the range of the green crab since 1940 and great increase in abundance in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Maine. This extension was accompanied by decrease in clam production. An increase in the abundance of green crab in the northern part of its present range is correlated with the current warm cycle. Winter temperatures are important to survival of green crabs since they and their eggs are reported to be killed by a combination of low temperature and low salinity. Warm winters allow more crabs to survive. Predation was accepted as the principal reason for the decrease in soft clams in Massachusetts and Maine. The future of the soft clam industry depends on the temperature cycle or on development of measures for controlling green crabs.
Isolation of <i>Y</i> Chromosome-Specific Sequences From <i>Silene latifolia</i> and Mapping of Male Sex-Determining Genes Using Representational Difference Analysis (1996)

The genomic subtraction method representational difference analysis (RDA) was used to identify male-specific restriction fragments in the dioecious plant Silene latifolia. Male-specific restriction fragments are linked to the male sex chromosome (the Y chromosome). Four RDA-derived male-specific restriction fragments were used to identify polymorphisms in a collection of X-ray-generated mutant plants with either hermaphroditic or asexual flowers. Some of the mutants have cytologically detectable deletions in the Y chromosome that were correlated with loss of male-specific restriction fragments. One RDA-derived probe detected a restriction fragment present in all mutants, indicating that each has retained Y chromosomal DNA. The other three probes detected genomic fragments that were linked in a region deleted in some hermaphroditic and some asexual mutants. Based on the mutant phenotypes and the correlation of cytologically visible deletions with loss of male-specific restriction fragments, these markers were assigned to positions on the Y chromosome close to the carpel suppression locus. This RDA mapping also revealed a Y-linked locus, not previously described, which is responsible for early stamen development.
The Presentation of Gold in the Reliefs of the Eastern Staircase of the Apadana in Persepolis (2013)

Delegations of the various satrapies of the Achaemenid Empire are depicted bringing presents to the king on the reliefs of the Apadana in the palace of Persepolis. Among these presents are two which most likely contained gold. One of the members of the Indian delegation carries a pole over his shoulders from which two baskets are hanging filled with two bags each. From the degree of bending of the pole and the size of the bags it can be concluded that the latter contained a granular material with a bulk density of about 6.25 kg/liters. Because of this weight, the material can only have been fine-grained gold, probably the gold “stolen” by the Indians from the Giant Ants to the north of India as reported by Herodotus. The Ethiopian delegation consists of three young boys before the age of puberty. The middle one carries a cylindrical vessel with a volume of about 1.1 litters, equivalent to approximately one choinix, an Attic measure for e.g. grain. It is suggested here that the vessel must have contained something very valuable, most probably granular gold. The choinix would then represent half of the quantity presented by Ethiopian tribes to the king every three years according to Herodotus
Camera-typing interface for ubiquitous information services (2004)

We propose a new technology called the camera-typing interface, which can read printed characters such as URLs with a low-resolution camera. It realizes a type of ubiquitous information service using smart phones with cameras. This method includes two main advantages: automatic concatenation of sequential shots and automatic error correction by re-shooting. The automatic concatenation enables a user to take segmented images of a character string, thus a low-resolution camera can be used as the interface device. The automatic error correction enables the user to correct misrecognized characters just by retaking images around them, providing an easy and natural way of error correction. We present two experimental results to prove effectiveness of our method. Both results indicate that our proposed method is helpful.
Production of Granulocyte-Macrophage (GM-CSF) and Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) by Rat Clonal Osteoblastic Cell Population CRP 10/30 and the Immortalized Cell Line IRC10/30-mycl Stimulated by Tumor Necrosis Factor α* (1991)

Previously, we have shown that primary cultures of murine calvarial cells produce both granulocyte macrophage (GM) and granulocyte (G) colony stimulating factor (CSF). Because of the heterogeneity of cell types in these cultures the osseous origin of these cytokines was not certain. Thus a non-transformed rat clonal osteoblastic cell population CRP 10/30 and the immortalized cell line IRC10/30-myc1 derived from it, which both express the osteoblastic phenotype, were now investigated. Both produced hemopoietic growth activity after treatment with recombinant murine tumor necrosis factor alpha. This activity eluted from diethylaminoethyl Sephacel at 0.2-0.3 M NaCl, and migrated on Sephacryl S-200 at a mol wt of around 30 k, as described for murine GM- and G-CSF. On a Phenyl Sepharose CL-4B column, it was separated into two peaks appearing at position where GM (peak I) and G-CSF (peak II) are expected to be eluted. Antisera against GM-CSF inhibited the activity of peak I. In the colony assay in semisolid medium, peak I induced colonies of the GM-type and peak II of the G-type. These data indicate that cloned osteoblasts produce GM- and G-CSF. Through CSF production, osteoblasts might regulate osteoclast formation, influence hemopoiesis and/or participate in local inflammatory reactions of bone.
Short Notices (1920)

Short Notices Get access G. U. G. U. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume XXXV, Issue CXXXVIII, April 1920, Pages 305-c–306, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/XXXV.CXXXVIII.305-c Published: 01 April 1920
One‐pot Synthesis of CdS Nanocrystals Hybridized with Single‐Layer Transition‐Metal Dichalcogenide Nanosheets for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution (2014)

Exploration of low-cost and earth-abundant photocatalysts for highly efficient solar photocatalytic water splitting is of great importance. Although transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) showed outstanding performance as co-catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), designing TMD-hybridized photocatalysts with abundant active sites for the HER still remains challenge. Here, a facile one-pot wet-chemical method is developed to prepare MS2-CdS (M=W or Mo) nanohybrids. Surprisedly, in the obtained nanohybrids, single-layer MS2 nanosheets with lateral size of 4-10 nm selectively grow on the Cd-rich (0001) surface of wurtzite CdS nanocrystals. These MS2-CdS nanohybrids possess a large number of edge sites in the MS2 layers, which are active sites for the HER. The photocatalytic performances of WS2-CdS and MoS2-CdS nanohybrids towards the HER under visible light irradiation (>420 nm) are about 16 and 12 times that of pure CdS, respectively. Importantly, the MS2-CdS nanohybrids showed enhanced stability after a long-time test (16 h), and 70% of catalytic activity still remained.
A Convenient Synthesis of Aryl Silanes from Chlorobenzenes (1976)

Abstract The coupling of chlorobenzenes with trimethyl-chlorosilane and dimethyldichlorosilane using magnesium in refluxing THF to give trimethylarylsilanes and dimethyldiarylsilanes, respectively, is reported.
Flight Testing of the Capillary Pumped Loop 3 Experiment (2003)

The Capillary Pumped Loop 3 (CAPL 3) experiment was a multiple evaporator capillary pumped loop experiment that flew in the Space Shuttle payload bay in December 2001 (STS-108). The main objective of CAPL 3 was to demonstrate in micro-gravity a multiple evaporator capillary pumped loop system, capable of reliable start-up, reliable continuous operation, and heat load sharing, with hardware for a deployable radiator. Tests performed on orbit included start-ups, power cycles, low power tests (100 W total), high power tests (up to 1447 W total), heat load sharing, variable/fixed conductance transition tests, and saturation temperature change tests. The majority of the tests were completed successfully, although the experiment did exhibit an unexpected sensitivity to shuttle maneuvers. This paper describes the experiment, the tests performed during the mission, and the test results.
Systematic Investigation on Morphologies, Forming Mechanism, Photocatalytic and Photoluminescent Properties of ZnO Nanostructures Constructed in Ionic Liquids (2008)

In this contribution, a series of shape-controllable ZnO nanostructures were synthesized in ionic liquids by a simpler, only one-step, low-temperature route, and characterized by XRD, XPS, TEM, HRTEM, SAED, EDXA, SEM, FTIR, surface area measurement and photoluminescence. We mainly investigate the effect of cations of ionic liquids on the shape of ZnO nanostructures and the forming mechanism of ZnO nanostructures in ionic liquids, as well as the luminescent property and photocatalytic activity for the degradation of Rhodamine B. The results show that the longer alkyl chain at position-1 of the imidazole ring of the ionic liquid will hinder the ZnO nanostructures from growing longer, and the hydrogen bonds may play a crucial role for the directional growth of the 1D nanocrystals. The photoluminescent study shows that the as-obtained ZnO nanostructures exhibit a unique green emission, indicating the existence of oxygen vacancies in the ZnO nanostructures. Importantly, the as-obtained ZnO nanostructures prepared in different ionic liquids show strong size/shape-dependent photocatalysis activity for degradation of Rhodamine B, and the well-dispersed homogeneous ZnO nanoparticles and nanowires display high photocatalytic activity. The investigation of photodegradation kinetics of Rhodamine B indicates that the photodegradation process obeys the rule of a first-order kinetic equation ln( C(0)/ C) = kt. This is the first systematic investigation on the relationship between the structure of ionic liquids and the morphology of ZnO nanostructures.