gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Developing an automatic assessment tool for children²s oral reading (2006)

Automation of oral reading assessment and of feedback in a reading tutor is a very challenging task.This paper describes our research aiming at developing such automated systems.First topic is the recording and annotation of CHOREC, the Flemish database of children's oral reading we develop in order to characterize oral reading processes statistically.Next, we propose a classification of both oral reading strategies and errors, which provides the basis of the envisaged assessment and feedback.Finally, experimental results show that our two-layered recognition system is able to provide high reading miscue detection rates, while only few correctly read words are erroneously tagged as miscue.
Interleukin-10 administration decreases survival in murine recipients of major histocompatibility complex disparate donor bone marrow grafts (1995)

Studies in mice and humans have indicated that the predominance of interleukin-4 (IL-4)- and IL-10-producing T-helper type 2 (Th2) cells may serve to downregulate acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) reactions, whereas IL-2-producing Th1 cells have been implicated in facilitating acute GVHD. We explored the possibility that the in vivo infusion of IL-10 would inhibit acute GVHD induced by fully allogeneic donor grafts. Unexpectedly, IL-10 infusions resulted in a dose-dependent increase in GVHD-induced mortality. The acceleration of lethal GVHD by IL-10 occurred in irradiated recipients of T-cell-depleted bone marrow (BM) plus 5, 15, or 25 x 10(6) splenocytes but did not influence the post-BM transplantation (post-BMT) survival rate of recipients of BM without splenocytes, suggesting that the IL-10 effects were not due to toxicity. Antimurine IL-10-neutralizing monoclonal antibody injections, administered to diminish endogenous IL-10, reduced GVHD-associated mortality and improved the clinical appearance of the recipients. For BM graft rejection studies, IL-10 was infused into sublethally irradiated recipients of anti-Thy 1.2 + C' T-cell-depleted, fully allogeneic BM grafts. In a short-term (day 7) in vivo assay, IL-10 infusions significantly inhibited allogeneic (but not syngeneic) BM proliferation in vivo, indicative of increased graft rejection. In long-term chimerism experiments, IL-10 infusions caused a significant increase in early post-BMT mortality caused by a profound anemia typically associated with graft rejection and aplasia. A slightly higher irradiation dose (650 cGy v 600 cGy) eliminated the anemia but did not reverse the graft rejection process associated with IL-10 administration. We conclude that the in vivo infusion of exogenous IL-10 in recipients of fully allogeneic donor grafts results in accelerated GVHD and graft rejection in the strain combinations tested to date.
<title>Status Of Research In Acoustic Imaging And Holography</title> (1976)

This paper reviews the results of research in imaging reported in the last two years approximately. The emphasis is placed on the high frequency applications of this subject and very little reference is made to sonar and none to geological applications. The subject is discussed under three main divisions, direct (pulse echo) imaging, holography and finally particular devices. Emphasis has been placed on the physical principles used. It is assumed the reader is conversant with the outlines of earlier work in the field.
Distributed power architecture demand characteristics (2004)

A demand characteristics survey was used to determine the implications of system design trends on distributed power architectures. The largest number of respondents came from the communications segment (28.6%), with military having the second-largest number of respondents (20.0%). Selected results from the survey indicate that within five years, engineers overall expect today's centralized power architectures will be replaced with distributed power architectures, spot power architectures and intermediate bus architectures (IBAs). But only a small percentage of respondents believe IBAs will be the "most often used" power system architecture in the future. The end-use segment expecting to use IBAs the most is the military segment.
Transposon mutagenesis and physiological analysis of strains containing inactivated form I and form II ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase genes in Rhodobacter sphaeroides (1988)

Strains of Rhodobacter sphaeroides (Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides) were constructed such that either the gene encoding form I ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPC-O) or the gene encoding form II RuBPC-O was inactivated. Both strains were capable of photoheterotrophic growth with malate as the electron donor, with only slight differences in growth rate and overall carboxylase specific activity compared with the wild-type strain. Photolithotrophic growth with 1.5% CO2 in hydrogen was also possible for R. sphaeroides strains containing only one of the two RuBPC-O enzyme forms, although the differences in growth rates between wild-type and carboxylase mutant strains were greater under these conditions. These results indicate that the two forms of RuBPC-O are independently regulated. In addition, the regulatory system governing RuBPC-O synthesis may, in some cases, compensate for the lack of the missing enzyme.
Woodpile Metallic Photonic Crystals Fabricated by Using Soft Lithography for Tailored Thermal Emission (2007)

Woodpile metallic photonic crystals are fabricated by using soft lithography and electrodeposition (see figure) for tailored thermal emission. This method produces a highly layered full-metallic structure with excellent structural fidelity. By adding a homogeneous monolithic backplane to the conventional woodpile structure, the difficulty of alignment in layer-by-layer fabrication is alleviated, while preserving characteristic enhanced thermal emission.
Properties of artificial casein micelles (1979)

A survey is given of the relationships between various properties of artificial casein micelle systems and their composition with respect to alphas1-, beta and kappa-casein, colloidal phosphate and citrate. Properties investigated were: the amount of colloidal phosphate, the micellar size, and the stability of the micelle towards dialysis, pressure, ethanol and heat.
Effective loss design of double-passband filters (1978)

Two methods, valid for antimetric and symmetric (or ametric) networks, respectively, are developed for the insertion-loss synthesis of the double-passband filters having an equiripple amplitude response in the passbands. One unfavorable relation connects limit frequencies of the passbands to the frequencies of the attenuation poles, but this relation might disappear with parametric and ametric filters and that gives a great interest to these filter types.
A control algorithm for hybrid compensation of Fast Varying Loads (2007)

A control algorithm for hybrid compensation of fast varying loads (FVLs) is presented in this paper. Compensators of FVLs should reduce the variation of power in distribution systems and should reduce bursts of waveform distortion. These two requirements are substantially different. Thus it should have a hybrid structure. Therefore compensator of FVLs should be built of two separate compensators; one for the compensation of power variation and the other for compensation of the distorted component. The compensator for the power variation (CPV) can use a Flywheel Energy Storage System (FESS). In the compensator discussed in this paper a Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor/Generator is used as the driving machine. The FESS is supplied from a PWM-based Inverter. A PWM inverter-based switching compensator is used for compensation of waveform distortion. A complete model of the integrated control of the compensator is discussed in this paper. The Current Physical Components (CPC) theory is used as the basis for generating reference signals for the hybrid compensator under discussion.
Darzens condensation of .alpha.-halolactones. Glycidic lactones as intermediates in acetogenin synthesis (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDarzens condensation of .alpha.-halolactones. Glycidic lactones as intermediates in acetogenin synthesisJames David White, J. B. Bremner, M. J. Dimsdale, and Robert L. GarceaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 1, 281–282Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00730a064https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00730a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views187Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mechanism by which ethanol inhibits phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in human leukemic monocyte‐like U937 cells (1994)

A previous study showing that ethanol (ETOH) blocked [3H]choline incorporation into phosphatidylcholine (PC) suggested an inhibition of PC biosynthesis in human leukemic monocyte-like U937 cells. The mechanism of the inhibitory action of ETOH was investigated. Cells were pulsed with [3H]choline for 30 min and chased in the presence or absence of ETOH for up to 6 h. PC biosynthesis was inhibited drastically within 1 h after exposure to ETOH which increased intracellular cAMP appreciably. After a 3-h treatment, ETOH significantly inhibited both choline kinase (CK) and the cytosolic CTP: cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase (CT). The inactivated CT was no longer stimulated by exogenous phosphatidylglycerol (PG). There was no evidence for redistribution of CT activity between cytosol and microsomes. When cells were exposed to 8-Bromo-cAMP ranging from 100 to 300 microM, PC biosynthesis remained unaffected despite the drastically elevated cAMP. These results seem to suggest that the raised cAMP is not a prerequisite for the inhibition of PC biosynthesis in U937 cells. Following pretreatment with protein kinase inhibitors (H-89 and K-252a), PC biosynthesis was decreased significantly and the inhibitory effect of ETOH was potentiated. Taken together, our results suggest that the inhibition of PC biosynthesis and the inhibitory effect of ETOH are independent of the activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Unlike protein kinase inhibitors, pretreatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (erbstatin, genistein and tyrphostin 25) resulted in differential effects on PC biosynthesis and on the inhibitory action of ETOH. Genistein stimulated PC biosynthesis by 30 per cent as well as partially preventing/reversing the ETOH action, while tyrphostin 25 produced a synergistic inhibition. The relevance of tyrosine phosphorylation/dephosphorylation to the regulation of PC biosynthesis and ETOH action remains to be established.
Development and Characterization of Ultrafiltration TiO<sub>2</sub> Magnéli Phase Reactive Electrochemical Membranes (2016)

This research focused on the synthesis, characterization, and performance testing of a novel Magnéli phase (TinO2n-1), n = 4 to 6, reactive electrochemical membrane (REM) for water treatment. The REMs were synthesized from tubular asymmetric TiO2 ultrafiltration membranes, and optimal reactivity was achieved for REMs composed of high purity Ti4O7. Probe molecules were used to assess outer-sphere charge transfer (Fe(CN)6(4-)) and organic compound oxidation through both direct oxidation (oxalic acid) and formation of OH(•) (coumarin, terephthalic acid). High membrane fluxes (3208 L m(-2) h(-1) bar(-1) (LMH bar(-1))) were achieved and resulted in a convection-enhanced rate constant for Fe(CN)6(4-) oxidation of 1.4 × 10(-4) m s(-1), which is the highest reported in an electrochemical flow-through reactor and approached the kinetic limit. The optimal removal rate for oxalic acid was 401.5 ± 18.1 mmol h(-1) m(-2) at 793 LMH, with approximately 84% current efficiency. Experiments indicate OH(•) were produced only on the Ti4O7 REM and not on less reduced phases (e.g., Ti6O11). REMs were also tested for oxyanion separation. Approximately 67% removal of a 1 mM NO3(-) solution was achieved at 58 LMH, with energy consumption of 0.22 kWh m(-3). These results demonstrate the extreme promise of REMs for water treatment applications.
Application and Perspective of Ionic Liquids on Rare Earths Green Separation (2012)

Abstract This review summarizes recent applications of ionic liquids (ILs) as 'green' solvents and extractants in the extraction and separation of Rare Earths (REs), which are widely used in a variety of high-tech products in mining, separation, and smelting can greatly damage the environment. Conventional imidazolium-based ILs as diluents are more active than non-coordinating solvents such as kerosene and n-heptane in the extraction of REs including the co-existing thorium. Imidazolium cations can be involved in REs cation exchange or in forming new complexes with REs(III) ions. Quaternary ammonium- and phosphonium-based ILs with functional anions could be considered as bifunctional IL extractants (Bif-ILEs) for the separation of REs due to their following properties: the capacity to undergo facile synthesis route, high extraction ability and selectivity, low acid-base consumption, and easy stripping. The inner synergistic neutral complex extraction of Bif-ILEs will effectively avoid the production of ammonia-nitrogen or high content of Na+ or Ca2+ in wastewater, which is partly caused by the "saponification" of acidity extractant, such as P507, during the REs industrial separation process. The large amount of wastewater production must be prohibited because of "Emission Standards of Pollutants from Rare Earths Industry" promulgated by China's Ministry of Environment Protection (MOP) in 2011. Serving as extractants, additives, and templates, ILs are likewise used in the preparation of functionalized adsorption materials (i.e., sol-gel silica, Amberlite XAD series resins, IL modified Merrifield resin). These adsorption materials also show high efficiency in the enrichment of dilute leach liquor of the weathered crust elution-deposited REs ore and the enhanced separation of high-value adding heavy REs. The huge environmental challenges from highly polluted REs hydrometallurgy in China require the greener separation technique to solve these issues, and the novel ILs-based separation materials and techniques in both liquid/liquid and liquid/solid extraction and separation of various REs resources are expected to demonstrate the potential practical applications in the future. Keywords: Bif-ILEsextractionionic liquidsrare earths ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This project was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2012 CBA01202) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51174184).
Long-Term Results for Children With High-Risk Neuroblastoma Treated on a Randomized Trial of Myeloablative Therapy Followed by 13-<i>cis</i>-Retinoic Acid: A Children's Oncology Group Study (2009)

Myeloablative therapy and autologous hematopoietic cell rescue result in significantly better 5-year EFS than nonmyeloablative chemo therapy; neither myeloablative therapy with [corrected] autologous hematopoietic cell rescue nor cis-RA given after consolidation therapy significantly improved OS.
Impact of Various Body Weights and Serum Creatinine Concentrations on the Bias and Accuracy of the <scp>C</scp>ockcroft‐<scp>G</scp>ault Equation (2012)

An unbiased C-G Cl(c) (r) can be calculated using actual body weight in underweight patients and ideal body weight in patients of normal weight. Using ABW(0.4) for overweight, obese, and morbidly obese patients appears to be the least biased and most accurate method for calculating their C-G Cl(c) (r) . Rounding S(c) (r) in patients with low S(c) (r) did not improve accuracy or bias of the Cl(cr) calculations.
Design and experimental results of a new electron gun using a magnetic multipole plasma generator (1991)

A new electron gun utilizing a magnetic multipole plasma generator was designed and fabricated as the heat source of the high heat flux test facility, called JEBIS (JAERI electron beam irradiation stand). By changing the acceleration grids, this electron gun is able to produce a pencil to a sheetlike electron beams up to 4 A at 100 keV for 1 ms to continuous mode. In this electron gun, magnetic lens system is not adopted to focus the electron beam, but the space charge neutralization effect by the beam plasma produced downstream of the electron gun is utilized to prevent the blow-up of the electron beam. In addition, high permeability metal is embedded in the first and the second grids to magnetically shield the earth field and the stray field from the beam bending magnet. It was experimentally demonstrated that wide range of heat flux from 0.2 MW/m2 to over 2000 MW/m2 can be realized at the test sample position about 1.7 m downstream of the electron gun.
Clinical Importance of D-1 and D-2 Receptors (1987)

The existence of subtypes of dopamine receptors as defined by Kebabian and Calne is now well accepted. The D1 receptor is typically associated with stimulation of adenylate cyclase, while the D2 receptor is either independent of adenylate cyclase or mediates its inhibition. Considerable interest has been generated by the potential physiological and clinical roles of these receptor subtypes. Availability of agonists and antagonists specifically acting at the D1 or D2 receptor site has stimulated research to characterize the functional effects of each receptor subtype. This might facilitate the development of effective compounds to control the signs and symptoms of Parkinson's disease and perhaps prevent the induction of debilitating side effects. Recent evidence indicates that D1 receptor stimulation is required to obtain full expression of the D2 receptor site, which has typically been associated with the clinical benefits of dopaminergic therapy. Both pre- and postsynaptic location of the receptors must also be taken into consideration as well as involvement of other neuronal systems. It appears that in PD, progressive involvement of the dopaminergic pathways is the principal pathological course, however, noradrenergic and serotonergic pathways are likewise involved. This multineuronal involvement suggests that drugs acting specifically at receptor sites, located on both pre- and postsynaptic neurons, might be required at different times during the course of the disease process to control its symptoms and/or the complications occurring after long-term treatment with a given drug.
Very-high rate space-time coding (2004)

A space-time coding method with low decoding complexity suitable for large numbers of antennas and high data rates is presented. High dimensionality is accommodated through use of a sub-optimal receiver that efficiently locates short vectors in a high-dimensional lattice. These vectors are used to approximate the transmitted symbol a-posteriori probabilities, which are refined by an outer serially concatenated code. We show that the codes can achieve hundreds of bits per channel use at low signal-to-noise ratios.
Purification and characterization of a novel nucleoside phosphorylase from a Klebsiella sp. and its use in the enzymatic production of adenine arabinoside (1990)

An adenosine-assimilating bacterium, Klebsiella sp. strain LF1202, inducibly formed a novel nucleoside phosphorylase which acted on both purine and pyrimidine nucleosides when the cells were cultured in medium containing adenosine as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen. The enzyme was purified (approximately 83-fold, with a 17% activity yield) to the homogeneous state by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was calculated to be 125,000 by gel filtration of Sephadex G-200 column chromatography, although the enzyme migrated as a single protein band with a molecular weight of 25,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; thus, it was thought to consist of five identical subunits. Besides purine nucleosides (adenosine, inosine, and guanosine), the purified enzyme also acted on pyrimidine nucleosides such as uridine, 2'-deoxyuridine, and thymidine. The purified enzyme catalyzed the synthesis of adenine arabinoside, a selective antiviral pharmaceutic agent, from uridine arabinoside and adenine.
Low-resource Languages: A Review of Past Work and Future Challenges (2020)

A current problem in NLP is massaging and processing low-resource languages which lack useful training attributes such as supervised data, number of native speakers or experts, etc. This review paper concisely summarizes previous groundbreaking achievements made towards resolving this problem, and analyzes potential improvements in the context of the overall future research direction.
Design of dual-band cavity-backed slot antennas using lumped elements (2007)

In this paper we present a new technique for designing dual-band cavity-backed slot antennas using chip inductors. Presence of the cavity behind the antenna aperture increases the front-to-back ratio of the antenna and decreases its sensitivity to the presence of large metallic objects underneath it. In what follows, the design procedure of the antenna as well as its measurement results are presented and discussed.
Effects of emphasizing transitional or stationary parts of the speech signal in a discrete utterance recognition system (2005)

A dynamic programming pattern matching isolated word recognition system has been modified in order to emphasize the transient parts of speech in the similarity measure. The technique is to weight the word distances with a normalized spectral change function. A small positive effect is measured. Emphasizing the stationary parts is shown to substantially decrease the performance. Adding the time derivative of the speech parameters to the word patterns improves performance significantly. This is probably a consequence of an improvement in the description of the transient segments.
The Spiritual Genogram in Training and Supervision (2001)

Religious and spiritual issues often surface in couple and family counseling. In this article, the author describes the spiritual genogram, which is a blueprint of family members’ multigenerational religious and spiritual affiliations, events, and conflicts. Used as a tool in both training and supervision, the spiritual genogram enables students and supervisees to make sense of their own religious and spiritual heritage and to explore the ways in which their experiences may affect their work with clients.