gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Third type interconnection architecture for the 3D MP-SoC design (2007)

This paper presents a method of design for three dimensional multi-processor system on chip (3D MP-SoC); specifically, we recommend a three dimension direct access multi-port memory (3D DA-MPM) architecture using wafer stack technology. First, we illustrate the data transfer process between multi-port memories with simulation waveforms. Next, we resolve the data transfer path routing problem using the solution of the master interface access. Then, we compare the interconnection area dissipation and analyze the character of DA-MPM based interconnection architecture for 3D MP-SoC design. And finally, we evaluate the 3D MP-SoC performance including interconnect area reduction, interconnect delay improvement, and yield improvement due to global wire shorting.
Vehicle Routing with Driver Learning for Real World CEP Problems (2012)

Despite the fact that the vehicle routing problem (VRP) with its variants has been widely explored in operations research, there is very little published research on the VRP concerning real world constraint combinations and large problem sizes. In this work a heuristic solution approach for the VRP with real world constraints is presented driven by the requirements defined by clients in the courier, express and parcel (CEP) delivery industry in order to support their routing plan decisions and driver assignments. The solution algorithm used combines several local-search-based heuristics with constructive elements to solve the VRP with driver learning (VRPDL). As conceptual proof large instances for the capacitated VRP (CVRP) including 560 to 1200 customers are tested and compared to known benchmark results. From those instances new sub-instances are created and sequentially tested adding the driver learning constraint. Finally, the solver is applied to real world CEP instances with driver learning.
(S)-emopamil, a novel calcium and serotonin antagonist for the treatment of cerebrovascular disorders. 1st communication: pharmacological profile. (1989)

(S)-Emopamil ((2S)-2-isopropyl-5-(methylphenethylamino)-2-phenylvaleronitril e hydrochloride) is a novel compound of the phenylalkylamine group of calcium antagonists. (S)-Emopamil was tested in comparison to verapamil and gallopamil for calcium and serotonin antagonism and for cerebroprotective activity in acute hypoxia/ischemia. In receptor binding studies with (S)-3H-devapamil, (S)-emopamil exhibited distinct affinity to the verapamil binding site of the calcium channel. In rat cerebrocortical membranes, its affinity (Ki = 38 nmol/l) equalled that of verapamil and gallopamil (Ki = 49 and 27 nmol/l, respectively), whereas it was somewhat weaker in guinea pig skeletal muscle membranes. Comparing (S)-emopamil to its (R)-enantiomer, there was no clear stereoselectivity. Additionally, (S)-emopamil showed very high affinity to the cerebral serotonin S2 receptor; its Ki value (4.4 nmol/l) for 3H-ketanserin displacement being substantially lower than that of verapamil and gallopamil (Ki = 177 and 242 nmol/l, respectively). This feature is clearly stereoselective; (S)-emopamil's affinity was distinctly higher than that of the (R)-enantiomer (Ki = 58 nmol/l). The functional significance of (S)-emopamil's receptor affinity was tested in rat aortic strips. (S)-Emopamil's serotonin antagonistic efficacy (EC50 = 4.5 nmol/l) was an order of magnitude higher than that of verapamil and gallopamil. (S)-Emopamil has a less potent calcium antagonistic effect (EC50 = 270 nmol/l) on the aorta than verapamil and gallopamil (EC50 = 35 and 14 nmol/l, respectively). In isolated electrically driven (1 Hz) left atria of guinea pigs, (S)-emopamil inhibited contractile force at a much higher concentration (EC50 = 29 mumol/l) than verapamil and gallopamil (EC50 = 1.1 and 0.19 mumol/l, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Two‐layer film as a laser soldering biomaterial (1999)

Background and Objectives A two-layer solder was developed to weld at low laser intensity and to provide a new method of measuring solder-tissue temperature. Study Design/Materials and Methods A film solder consisted of a white layer (bovine serum albumin (BSA) and distilled water) and a black layer (BSA, carbon black (CB), and distilled water). This two-layer solder was used with a diode laser to weld sections of dog small intestine (λ = 810 nm, power = 200 ± 20 mW, radiation dose = 18 ± 1 J/mg). Sections of intestine were welded only with one-layer black solders as control group. The temperature difference between the external solder surface and the tissue-solder interface was evaluated during welding. Results The two-layer solder performed welds as strong as the one-layer solder (∼0.12 N) but with less laser intensity on the black layer. The temperature difference between the external surface of the solder and the solder-tissue interface was significantly less for the two-layer solder than for the one-layer solder (∼6°C and ∼15°C, respectively; P < 0.05). Conclusions The two-layer solder appeared to be more efficient at soldering biomaterials than the one-layer solder. Furthermore, the heat diffusion from the black midplane of the two-layer solder decreased the difference in temperature recorded on the solder external surface and on the solder-tissue interface. Lasers Surg. Med. 25:250–256, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
High-Performance All-Software Distributed Shared Memory (1996)

The C Region Library (CRL) is a new all-software distributed shared memory (DSM) system. CRL requires no special compiler, hardware, or operating system support beyond the ability to send and receive messages between processing nodes. It provides a simple, portable, region-based shared address space programming model that is capable of delivering good performance on a wide range of multiprocessor and distributed system architectures. Each region is an arbitrarily sized, contiguous area of memory. The programmer defines regions and delimits accesses to them using annotations. CRL implementations have been developed for two platforms: the Thinking Machines CM5, a commercial multicomputer, and the MIT Alewife machine, an experimental multiprocessor offering efficient hardware support for both message passing and shared memory. Results are presented for up to 128 processors on the CM-5 and up to 32 processors on Alewife. Using Alewife as a vehicle, this thesis presents results from the fir...
XML digital signature and its role in information system security (2012)

XML signature is form of digital signature designed for use in XML transactions. The XML Digital Signature standard defines a schema that is used for storing the result of a digital signature operation applied to (in most cases) XML data. Like non-XML digital signatures, XML signatures add authentication, data integrity, and support for non-repudiation to the data that is object of XML digital signing process. However, unlike non-XML digital signature standards, XML signature has been designed to both account for and take advantage of the Internet and XML. A fundamental feature of XML Signature is the ability to sign only specific portions of the XML content rather than the complete document. This is relevant when a single XML document may have a long history in which the different components are authored at different times by different parties, each signing only those elements relevant to it. This flexibility will also be critical in situations where it is important to ensure the integrity of certain portions of an XML document, while leaving open the possibility for other portions of the document to change. Since data security - in form of data verification and authorization - represents an important part of information system security paradigm this article is addressing the questions and possibilities of XMLDigSig usage in everyday information system security procedures.
Beam profile reflectometry: A new technique for dielectric film measurements (1992)

We describe a new technique for measuring the thickness and optical constants of dielectric, semiconducting, and thin metal films. Beam profile reflectometry provides excellent precision for films as thin as 30 Å and as thick as 20 000 Å. The technique is also capable of simultaneous 2 and 3 parameter measurements and it performs all measurements with a submicron spot size.
Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Fungi Causing Decayin Luotian Chestnut during Late Storage Period and Research on Pathogenicity (2013)

In order to explore moldy mechanism of chestnut from Luotian County in storage process,the strains of pathogenic fungi were isolated from chestnuts after storage at room temperature for 70d.Six genera of fungi were found in chestnut through experimental identification,which were Ozoniumsp.,Fusarium sp.,Aspergillus sp.,Penicilliumsp.,Rhiopus sp.and Stachybotrys sp.,respectively.The re-inoculation tests had been conducted on pathogenic fungi whose isolating rate was greater than 10%.The result showed that the rest genera of fungi generally had no pathogenicity except Penicilliumsp.could infect non-injured chestnut with a lower moldy rate and lighter symptoms;but the moldy rate of strains was above 60% in injured inoculation and they showed heavy symptoms,among which the moldy rate of Ozoniumsp.and Aspergillus sp.were higher than 80%.The experimental results showed that injured chestnut were more likely to decay.Ozoniumsp.and Aspergillus sp.were important pathogenic fungi causing decay during storage process of chestnut.
[Value of the oral glucose tolerance test for diagnosis of intrauterine fetal retardation]. (1986)

Oral glucose tolerance test using 50 g glucose has been done in 76 pregnant women. The newborns were subdivided in 3 groups: under the 5., under the 10. and above the 10. weight percentile. The glucose tolerance test had no predictive value for the diagnosis of intrauterine growth retardation.
Elementorganische Verbindungen mit o-Phenylenresten, XV [1]. Hexamethoxy-tetrachalcogena-tetrahydropentacene / Organometallic Compounds with o-Phenylene Substituents, Part XV [1]. Hexamethoxy-tetrachaleogena-tetrahydropentacenes (1988)

The title compounds 4 and 5 were prepared by reaction of 1,4-dimethoxy-2,5-bis(3,4-dimethoxyphenylthio) benzene (8) with sulfur dichloride and selenium dioxide, resp., and characterized by 1 H NMR and MS spectra. An X-ray analysis of 4 shows the compound to have a chair form, i.e. each of its two thianthrene units are folded at their SS axes in such a way that the two peripheral rings are found at different sites of the central ring plane (angles of fold 130.5°). The methoxy groups of the peripheral rings are coplanar, those of the central ring perpendicular to the corresponding ring planes. Bond distances and angles of 4 are in the normal range (CS 177.5 pm, CSC 100.2°).
Selective Hydrogenation of Halogenated Nitroaromatics to Haloanilines in Batch and Flow (2015)

The selective hydrogenation of functionalized nitroaromatics poses a major challenge from both academic as well as industrial viewpoints. As part of the CHEM21 initiative (www.chem21.eu), we are interested in highly selective, catalytic hydrogenations of halogenated nitroaromatics. Initially, the catalytic reduction of 1-iodo-4-nitrobenzene to 4-iodoaniline served as a model system to investigate commercial heterogeneous catalysts. After determining optimal hydrogenation conditions and profiling performances of the best catalysts, hydrogenations were transferred from batch to continuous flow. Finally, the optimized flow conditions were applied to transformations which represent important steps in the syntheses of the active pharmaceutical ingredients clofazimine and vismodegib.
An investigation of particle trajectories in two-phase flow systems (1972)

This paper describes a theoretical investigation into (i) the response of a spherical particle to a one-dimensional fluid flow, (ii) the motion of a spherical particle in a uniform two-dimensional fluid flow about a circular cylinder and (iii) the motion of a particle about a lifting aerofoil section. In all three cases the drag of the particle is allowed to vary with (instantaneous) Reynolds number by using an analytical approximation to the standard experimental drag-Reynolds-number relationship for spherical particles.
HYDROGENASE, ELECTRON-TRANSFER PROTEINS, AND ENERGY COUPLING IN THE SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA <i>DESULFOVIBRIO</i> (1984)

Human coronavirus (HCoV) infection causes respiratory diseases with mild to severe outcomes. In the last 15 years, we have witnessed the emergence of two zoonotic, highly pathogenic HCoVs: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and ...Read More
Antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress adaptation to exercise training: Comparison of endurance, resistance, and concurrent training in untrained males (2014)

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of endurance training (ET), resistance training (RT), and concurrent training (CT) on circulating antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress. For this purpose, 30 men aged 21.7 ± 2.4 years were assigned to the following three training groups: ET, which included continuous running with incremental intensity that was increased up to 80% of maximal heart rate (n = 10); RT, which included a beginning load of 50% of one repetition maximum (1RM) that was increased up to 80% of 1RM (n = 10); and CT, which included ET and RT programs every other day during the week (n = 10). Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in erythrocytes and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in plasma were measured. The results showed that SOD significantly increased by 21.85% (p = 0.020), 9.54% (p = 0.032), and 14.55% (p = 0.038) in the ET, RT, and CT groups, respectively. Furthermore, the activity of erythrocyte GPx significantly increased in the ET (p = 0.018) and CT (p = 0.042) groups. The TAC increased significantly in the ET (p = 0.040) and CT (p = 0.049) groups compared with the pretest values. The MDA level significantly decreased in the ET group by 32.7% (p = 0.028), by 32% in the RT group (p = 0.025), and by 29.1% (p = 0.047) in the CT group. However, there was no significant difference in the interaction of time and group between variables of SOD and GPx enzymes and TAC of plasma and MDA in the ET, RT, and CT groups (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that all three training types induced the same changes in redox state (increased SOD activity and reduction in MDA levels), but at different rates.
Hybrid Dataflow/von-Neumann Architectures (2013)

General purpose hybrid dataflow/von-Neumann architectures are gaining attraction as effective parallel platforms. Although different implementations differ in the way they merge the conceptually different computational models, they all follow similar principles: they harness the parallelism and data synchronization inherent to the dataflow model, yet maintain the programmability of the von-Neumann model. In this paper, we classify hybrid dataflow/von-Neumann models according to two different taxonomies: one based on the execution model used for inter- and intrablock execution, and the other based on the integration level of both control and dataflow execution models. The paper reviews the basic concepts of von-Neumann and dataflow computing models, highlights their inherent advantages and limitations, and motivates the exploration of a synergistic hybrid computing model. Finally, we compare a representative set of recent general purpose hybrid dataflow/von-Neumann architectures, discuss their different approaches, and explore the evolution of these hybrid processors.
Adsorption of Proteins on Colloidal Lignin Particles for Advanced Biomaterials (2017)

Coating of colloidal lignin particles (CLPs), or lignin nanoparticles (LNPs), with proteins was evaluated in order to establish a safe, self-assembly mediated modification technique to tune their surface chemistry. Gelatin and poly- l-lysine formed the most pronounced protein corona on the CLP surface, as determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential measurements. Spherical morphology of individual protein coated CLPs was confirmed by transmission electron (TEM) and atomic force (AFM) microscopy. A mechanistic adsorption study with several random coiled and globular model proteins was carried out using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). The three-dimensional (3D) protein fold structure and certain amino acid interactions were decisive for the protein adsorption on the lignin surface. The main driving forces for protein adsorption were electrostatic, hydrophobic, and van der Waals interactions, and hydrogen bonding. The relative contributions of these interactions were highly dependent on the ionic strength of the surrounding medium. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) provided further evidence of the adsorption-enhancing role of specific amino acid residues such as serine and proline. These results have high impact on the utilization of lignin as colloidal particles in biomedicine and biodegradable materials, as the protein corona enables tailoring of the CLP surface chemistry for intended applications.
ASLAN: Synthesis of approximate sequential circuits (2014)

Many applications produce acceptable results when their underlying computations are executed in an approximate manner. For such applications, approximate circuits enable hardware implementations that exhibit improved efficiency for a given quality. Previous efforts have largely focused on the design of approximate combinational logic blocks such as adders and multipliers. In practice, however, designers are concerned with the quality of outputs generated by a sequential circuit after several cycles of computation, rather than an embedded combinational block. We propose ASLAN (Automatic methodology for Sequential Logic ApproximatioN), the first effort towards the synthesis of approximate sequential circuits. Given a sequential circuit and an output quality constraint, ASLAN creates an approximate version of the circuit that consumes lower energy, while meeting the specified quality bound. The key challenges in approximating sequential circuits are (i) to model how errors due to approximations are generated, re-circulate through the combinational logic over multiple cycles of operation, and eventually impact quality of the final output, and (ii) to select the most beneficial approximations, i.e., those that result in higher energy savings for smaller impact on quality. ASLAN addresses the first challenge by constructing a virtual Sequential Quality Constraint Circuit (SQCC) and utilizing formal verification techniques to ensure that the selected approximations meet the quality constraint. To address the second challenge, ASLAN identifies combinational blocks in the sequential circuit that are amenable to approximation, generates local quality-energy trade-off curves for them, and uses a gradient-descent approach to iteratively approximate the entire sequential circuit. We used ASLAN to automatically synthesize approximate versions of ten sequential benchmarks, resulting in energy reductions of 1.20X-2.44X for tight quality constraints, and 1.32X-4.42X for moderate quality constraints. We present case studies of using the approximate circuits generated by ASLAN in two popular applications - MPEG Encoding and K-Means Clustering - obtaining 1.32X energy savings with 0.5% PSNR degradation, and 1.26X energy savings with 0.8% increase in mean cluster radius, respectively.
Intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (2008)

Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has found widespread use in the treatment of head and neck cancers. This technology allows for conformal dose distributions around a tumor target while a rapid dose fall-off spares surrounding critical structures. The properties of IMRT are particularly suited for treating head and neck cancers due to the close proximity of dose-limiting normal tissues allowing for potential dose escalation. Further studies are ongoing to investigate long-term clinical outcomes and toxicity.
Metal-Imprinted Microsphere Prepared by suriace Template Polymerization with W/O/W Emulsions. (1999)

A Zn(II)-imprinted microsphere is prepared by surface template polymerization with W/O/W emulsions. Dioleyl phosphoric acid, which has two long alkyl chains in the hydrophobic moiety, and divinylbenzene were employed as a functional host and a cross-linking agent, respectively. In order to create a spherical imprinted polymer, composition of the external aqueous phase in the W/O/W emulsion is a key factor: the value of the ionic strength to prevent shrinking of emulsions during polymerization and the choice of the water-soluble surfactant for stabilizing the spherical W/O emulsion are important. The metal-imprinted beads exhibit a high selectivity towards target zinc ions over copper ions. The novel preparation technique is very useful for an industrial application because it can easily control the particle size between 10 and 100 μm.
Automated Detection Framework of the Calcified Plaque with Acoustic Shadowing in IVUS Images (2014)

Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) is one ultrasonic imaging technology to acquire vascular cross-sectional images for the visualization of the inner vessel structure. This technique has been widely used for the diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery diseases. The detection of the calcified plaque with acoustic shadowing in IVUS images plays a vital role in the quantitative analysis of atheromatous plaques. The conventional method of the calcium detection is manual drawing by the doctors. However, it is very time-consuming, and with high inter-observer and intra-observer variability between different doctors. Therefore, the computer-aided detection of the calcified plaque is highly desired. In this paper, an automated method is proposed to detect the calcified plaque with acoustic shadowing in IVUS images by the Rayleigh mixture model, the Markov random field, the graph searching method and the prior knowledge about the calcified plaque. The performance of our method was evaluated over 996 in-vivo IVUS images acquired from eight patients, and the detected calcified plaques are compared with manually detected calcified plaques by one cardiology doctor. The experimental results are quantitatively analyzed separately by three evaluation methods, the test of the sensitivity and specificity, the linear regression and the Bland-Altman analysis. The first method is used to evaluate the ability to distinguish between IVUS images with and without the calcified plaque, and the latter two methods can respectively measure the correlation and the agreement between our results and manual drawing results for locating the calcified plaque in the IVUS image. High sensitivity (94.68%) and specificity (95.82%), good correlation and agreement (>96.82% results fall within the 95% confidence interval in the Student t-test) demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in the detection of the calcified plaque with acoustic shadowing in IVUS images.