gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enzymic synthesis and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance conformational studies of disaccharides containing .beta.-D-galactopyranosyl and .beta.-D-[1-13C]galactopyranosyl residues (1980)

Partially purified UDPgalactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.22) from bovine milk has been used to synthesize millimolar amounts of compounds such as Gal beta (1 leads to 4)Glc, Gal beta (1 leads to 4)GlcNAc-beta-hexanolamine, and Gal beta (1 leads to 4)GlcNAc beta (1 leads to 4)GlcNAc. The same method has been used to prepare similar compounds containing 13C-enriched galactopyranosyl moieties. Gal beta (1 leads to 4)GlcNAc-beta-hexanolamine was also synthesized in a solid-phase system in which the GlcNAc-beta-hexanolamine glycoside was covalently linked to agarose beads. At pH 7.0 and at 1--5 mM Mn2+ the yields of the galactosyl saccharides are greater than 90% by using 10% excess of UDPGal donor. The use of a 90% enriched [1-13C]galactosyl residue allowed the determination of the most abundant conformer about the galactopyranosyl--glycoside linkage by analysis of the carbon--carbon coupling constants from C1 of Gal to the C3', C4, and C5' of GlcNAc or Glc.
Heat Treatment Improves Olive Oil Extraction (2007)

Abstract To determine the effect of hot water pre‐treatment on olive oil extraction, six cultivars of olive fruit ( Olea europaea L. cvs. “Arbequina”, “Hojiblanca”, “Lechín”, “Manzanilla”, “Picual”, and “Verdial”) were heated at 50, 55, and 60 °C prior to laboratory scale oil extraction. Heat treatment resulted in higher oil extraction than unheated control samples. Quality parameters of the oils were not significantly ( P < 0.05) affected by these treatments; however, oil stability and bitterness intensity were reduced and pigment content was increased through pre‐heat treatment. This process may be incorporated economically into olive oil processing.
SA-REST: Semantically Interoperable and Easier-to-Use Services and Mashups (2007)

Services based on the representational state transfer (REST) paradigm, a lightweight implementation of a service-oriented architecture, have found even greater success than their heavyweight siblings, which are based on the Web Services Description Language (WSDL.) and SOAP. By using XML-based messaging, RESTful services can bring together discrete data from different services to create meaningful data sets; mashups such as these are extremely popular today.
An NMR marginal oscillator for measuring magnetic fields below 50 mT (1989)

A marginal oscillator, developed to measure or control magnetic fields in the flux-density range from 50 mT down to 1 mT by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), is described. This provides additional signal-dependent modulation of the feedback conductance, considerably increasing the signal-to-noise ratio. Observing proton resonance in an aqueous CuSO/sub 4/ solution, a sample volume of about 2 cm/sup 3/ has led to a signal-to-noise ratio of 50 dB obtained in a field with a flux density of 15 mT.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor (PPAR) γ Coactivator-1 Recruitment Regulates PPAR Subtype Specificity (2002)

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) alpha and gamma play key roles in the transcriptional control of contrasting metabolic pathways such as adipogenesis and fatty acid beta-oxidation. Both ligand-activated nuclear receptors bind to common target gene response elements and interact with distinct domains of the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1 to attain their full transcriptional potency. Thus, PPAR subtype specificity may be determined by ligand availability and transcription factor or coactivator expression levels. To identify other, perhaps more precise mechanisms contributing to PPAR subtype specificity, we studied PGC-1 recruitment by PPARs using a previously described hormone response element in the human UCP1 promoter and a human brown adipocyte cell line as our model system. As in rodents, PGC-1 is involved in the transcriptional regulation of the UCP1 gene in humans and mediates the effects of PPARalpha and PPARgamma agonists and retinoic acid. Interestingly, a previously postulated PGC-1 repressor selectively affects the PPARalpha-mediated activation of UCP1 gene expression. Furthermore, inhibition of p38 MAPK signaling, known to regulate the PGC-1/repressor interaction, decreases the stimulatory effect of PPARalpha agonist treatment without reducing the response to thiazolidinedione or retinoic acid. These data support a model whereby PPAR subtype specificity is regulated by recruitment of PGC-1.
Polymeric polarization-independent modulator incorporating twisted optic-axis waveguide polarization converters (1996)

A polarization-independent intensity modulator made of electrooptic polymer waveguides is proposed and its theoretical performance is discussed. The device includes twisted optic-axis waveguide polarization converters and phase modulators in the arms of Mach-Zehnder interferometer. For arbitrary input polarization states the extinction ratio of better than 30 dB is possible, and its half-wave voltage is 1.5 times that of the conventional Mach-Zehnder modulator.
Numerical model for fluid spin-up from rest in a partially-filled cylinder (1986)

A numerical investigation is presented for the axisymmetric spin-up of fluid in a partially filled cylindrical cavity. It is an extension of earlier analyses to those cases where the liquid free surface intersects one or both endwalls. Previous models of the laminar Ekman layer pumping are modified heuristically for situations where the layer(s) no longer covers the entire wall. Numerical results for a range of Reynolds number, Froude number, and fill ratio have been obtained. They clearly demonstrae that it is the bottom wall Ekman layer which is primarily responsible for spin-up.
Epithelial tumour cells in the lungs of sheep with pulmonary adenomatosis are major sites of replication for Jaagsiekte retrovirus (1995)

Sheep pulmonary adenomatosis (SPA) is a naturally occurring contagious lung tumour of sheep which has been associated aetiologically with a type D- and B-related retrovirus (Jaagsiekte retrovirus; JSRV). To improve understanding of the aetio-pathogenesis of SPA, the distribution and the sites of JSRV replication in sheep with naturally or experimentally induced SPA or in unaffected controls were identified. New immunological reagents were produced and a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (B-ELISA) and an immunohistochemical technique for the detection of JSRV major capsid protein at the tissue and cellular levels were developed. JSRV was detected only in the respiratory tract of sheep affected by pulmonary adenomatosis and specifically in the transformed epithelial cells of the alveoli of SPA-affected sheep.
Commercial Serological Antibody Detection Tests for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review (2007)

None of the commercial tests evaluated perform well enough to replace sputum smear microscopy. Thus, these tests have little or no role in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Lack of methodological rigor in these studies was identified as a concern. It will be important to review the basic science literature evaluating serological tests for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis to determine whether useful antigens have been described but their potential has not been fully exploited. Activities leading to the discovery of new antigens with immunodiagnostic potential need to be intensified.
Impact resistance of adhesive composites (2007)

A procedure is proposed for determining the impact resistance of composite materials based on glass-and carbon-reinforced plastics and adhesive materials used as binders. Characteristics of the impact resistance are determined using a pendulum tester upon impact by a spherical steel indenter. It is shown that the most informative characteristic for estimating the impact resistance of composites is the work absorbed by the material upon impact. For comparative estimation of the impact resistance of different materials, whose specimens may have different thicknesses, it is convenient to use relative rather than absolute values of impact resistance. The relative value is calculated by dividing the maximum contact force by the specimen thickness. Glass-fiber laminates based on adhesive prepregs 1.9 and 2.1 mm thick and three-layer honeycomb panels were tested. Materials based on KMKS 2.120.T10 adhesive prepreg possess the best impact resistance.
Antialiasing conditions in the delay‐time Radon transform (2002)

ABSTRACT The delay‐time Radon transform parametrizes coherent events in a seismic gather by the far‐offset trace delay time, instead of the conventional parabolic curvature or ray parameter. The reformulation may give a different physical insight into the aliasing effect in the Radon transformation and may also lead to a different algorithm. The delay‐time parametrization enables modelling of a seismic gather as the sum of coherent events with any form of moveout curve. For example, a parabolic curve can be used for traces within a moderate offset range and a linear moveout for far‐offset traces. When using this delay‐time Radon transform, it is the number of traces, rather than the spatial sampling, of the input gather that directly controls aliasing in the Radon transform image. A preconditioning operator that implicitly increases the number of input traces by spatial reconstruction (without physically performing the spatial resampling) may minimize aliasing noise in the Radon transform image.
Periosteum-Enveloping of the Tendon to Enhance Tendon-Bone Healing in the Bone Tunnel-Histologic Studies in Three Experimental Rabbit Models (2003)

Successful ligament reconstruction with tendon graft requires solid healing of the tendon graft in the bone tunnels. Periosteum contains multipotent mesodermal cells and has the capacity to form osteogenic tissue. In this study, we will present the effect of periosteum-enveloping tendon on the tendon-bone healing in 3 different experimental models in rabbits: 1) wrapping on a tendon surface; 2) inserted within an extra-articular tibial bone tunnel, and 3) reconstructed in the intra-articular femoral and tibial bone tunnels. Histology for the tendon-periosteum and tendon-bone interfaces were evaluated at 4, 8, 12 weeks after operation. In tendon surface groups, new bone formation was found on the tendon surface by passing through a cartilage state from transplanted periosteum. In extraarticular groups, an interface fibrous layer formed by periosteum between the tendon and the bone became progressive integrated during the healing process. The cancellous bone lining in the bone tunnel had been interdigitated with the fibrous interface tissue. Collagen fiber-bone anchorage and organization with fibrocartilage formation developed between tendon and bone. In intra-articular groups, a fibrovascular interface tissue formed by periosteum tissue between the tendon and bone with progressive mineralization and maturation. The interface fibrous layer became integrated and mixed together with tendon and bone lining and unable to identify the margin. Progressive collagen fiber growing into bone through fibrocartilage formation appeared at later period. Our results showed that where the cambium layer of periosteum was present, there was a definite tendency towards the neoformation of fibrocartilage and bone. Periosteum had the ability to augment bone ingrowth into tendon and to induce ossification, fibrocartilage and bone formation not only in the free tendon but also in the extra-articular and intra-articular bone tunnels.
Distinguishing between inner- and outer-sphere electrode reactions. Reactivity patterns for some chromium(III)-chromium(II) electron-transfer reactions at mercury electrodes (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDistinguishing between inner- and outer-sphere electrode reactions. Reactivity patterns for some chromium(III)-chromium(II) electron-transfer reactions at mercury electrodesMichael J. Weaver and Fred C. AnsonCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1976, 15, 8, 1871–1881Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50162a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50162a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views458Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Involvement of Proteasomes in Regulating Jak-STAT Pathways upon Interleukin-2 Stimulation (1997)

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) activates the receptor-associated Janus family tyrosine kinases, Jak1 and Jak3, which in turn phosphorylate and activate specific STAT proteins (signal transducers and activators of transcription), such as STAT5. Activation of Jak and STAT proteins by IL-2 is transient and the mechanism for the subsequent down-regulation of their activity is largely unknown. We report here that IL-2-induced DNA-binding activity and tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT5 are stabilized by a proteasome inhibitor MG132; however, no detectable ubiquitination of the STAT proteins is observed. This sustained STAT5 activation can be blocked by protein kinase inhibitors, which is consistent with the ability of the proteasome inhibitor to stabilize IL-2-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Jak1 and Jak3. These results suggest that proteasome-mediated protein degradation modulates protein-tyrosine phosphatase activity that negatively regulates the Jak-STAT signaling pathways.
Synthesis and Characterization of Cu(In<sub><i>x</i></sub>B<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>)Se<sub>2</sub> Nanocrystals for Low-Cost Thin Film Photovoltaics (2011)

Chalcopyrite quaternary semiconductor Cu(In(x)B(1-x))Se(2) nanocrystals have been successfully prepared via a relatively simple and convenient solvothermal route. The effect of different solvents on the formation of the product also indicates that diethylenetriamine is the optimal solvent for this reaction. The device parameters for a single junction Cu(In(x)B(1-x))Se(2) solar cell under AM1.5G are as follows: an open circuit voltage of 265 mV, a short-circuit current of 25.90 mA/cm(2), a fill factor of 34%, and a power conversion efficiency of 2.34%. Based on a series of comparative experiments under different reaction conditions, the probable formation mechanism of crystal Cu(In(x)B(1-x))Se(2) nanorods is proposed.
Isolation of a Sialogogic Peptide from Bovine Hypothalamic Tissue and Its Characterization as Substance P (1970)

A sialogogic peptide has been isolated from bovine hypothalami by gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography, and high voltage paper electrophoresis. The purity of this peptide was established by showing that the molar ratios of the constituent amino acids remained constant after high voltage paper electrophoresis at pH 1.9, 3.5, and 6.5. Its molecular weight (estimated by gel filtration) and its amino acid composition show that the peptide is an undecapeptide composed of Lys1, Arg1, Glx2, Pro2, Gly1, Leu1, Met1, and Phe2. The NH2-terminal residue is arginine. Further biological testing showed that the sialogogic peptide isolated is indistinguishable from Substance P; i.e. it stimulates contraction of the guinea pig ileum and the rat duodenum and is a potent vasodepressor. These effects are not inhibited by prior treatment of the test preparation with atropine. This report is believed to present the first complete purification of Substance P.
Power factor correction using merged flyback-forward converters (2000)

A single stage isolated PFC converter is obtained merging flyback and forward topologies. Thus, the flyback section allows power transfer while the line rectified voltage is not high enough to enable the forward stage operation. By this way, optimal correction is feasible. Also, this approach allows sharing of the transformer and the power transistor.
<i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i> Infection and Early Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis (1999)

We found no evidence that serological evidence of C. pneumoniae infection is associated with early atherosclerosis. It is possible that IgA seropositivity is associated with more advanced disease but this hypothesis needs to be examined in a population with a higher prevalence of advanced atherosclerosis. We found no evidence that C. pneumoniae results in a chronic systemic inflammatory state.
Exploratory study of vortex-generating devices for turbulent flow separation control (1991)

Flow phenomena and the relative performance associated with several devices for controlling turbulent separated flow were investigated at low speeds. Vortex-generating devices examined included: submerged vortex generators (Wheeler doublet and wishbone types), spanwise cylinders, large-eddy breakup devices (LEBU) at small angle of attack (alpha), and vortex-generator jets (VGJ). Dye flow visualization tests in a water tunnel indicated that wishbone vortex generators in the forward orientation shed horseshoe vortices; wishbone vortex generators oriented in the reverse direction and doublet vortex generators shed streamwise counterrotating vortices; a spanwise cylinder located near the wall and LEBUs at alpha = -10 deg produced eddies which rotated with the same sign as the mean vorticity in a turbulent boundary layer; and the most effective VGJs produced streamwise corotating vortices. Comparative wind tunnel tests conducted on a curved backward-facing ramp indicated that transferring momentum from the outer region of a turbulent boundary layer by embedded streamwise vortices is more effective than by transverse vortices for separation control applications.
The New Frenchay Artificial Cervical Joint (2002)

Cervical intervertebral motion can be maintained with the new device, which is clinically stable. Meticulous attention must be paid to the surgical technique to maximize the chances of a good result. The pilot study was successful, although it has yet to be determined what conditions will benefit most from this technology.
Cytotoxic and cytokinetic effects of thymidine, 5-fluorouracil, and deoxycytidine on HeLa cells in culture. (1981)

Exponentially growing HeLa cells were exposed to thymidine (dThd), 5-fluorouracil (FUra), and deoxycytidine (dCyd) singly and in combination for up to 3 days. Survivals were measured using a colony forming assay, and cytokinetic effects of the drugs were evaluated by flow cytometry and by determination of population growth rates. Increasing concentrations of dThd alone (up to 4 mM) progressively slowed the movement of cells through the cycle; dThd was toxic above 1 mM. Nontoxic levels of FUra (10(-5) M) inhibited cell progression, but this was abolished by very low concentrations (3 microM) of dThd. The cytotoxic effects of FUra were not reversed by dThd; in fact, the lethality of FUra was enhanced in some cases. dCyd alone had neither cytotoxic nor cytokinetic effects on HeLa cells up to 4 mM, but low concentrations reversed the cytotoxic effects of 4 mM dThd and high concentrations reversed its cytokinetic effects. When dCyd was added to the combination of dThd and FUra, synergistic lethality resulted even at 10(-5) M FUra. The mechanism by which this synergism was achieved was not simply increased incorporation of FUra into RNA since, while dThd did enhance this incorporation, dCyd did not further increase it. Our results suggest instead that dCyd either directly or indirectly inhibited the repair of FUra-associated damage or else enabled the cells to progress into a more sensitive phase of the cell cycle during exposure.
Major coexpression of κ‐opioid receptors and the dopamine transporter in nucleus accumbens axonal profiles (2001)

The behavioral effects of psychostimulants, which are produced at least in part through inhibition of the dopamine transporter (DAT), are modulated by kappa-opioid receptors (KOR) in the nucleus accumbens (Acb). Using electron microscopic immunocytochemistry, we reveal that in the Acb KOR labeling is mainly, and DAT immunoreactivity is exclusively, presynaptic. From 400 KOR-labeled presynaptic structures, including axon terminals, intervaricosities, and small axons, 51% expressed DAT and 29% contacted another population of terminals exclusively labeled for DAT. Within axonal profiles that contained both antigens, DAT and KOR were prominently localized to plasma membrane segments that showed overlapping distributions of the respective immunogold-silver and immunoperoxidase markers. KOR labeling was also localized to membranes of small synaptic vesicles in terminals with or without DAT immunoreactivity. In addition, from 24 KOR-immunoreactive dendritic spines 42% received convergent input from DAT-containing varicosities and unlabeled terminals forming asymmetric, excitatory-type synapses. Our results provide the first ultrastructural evidence that in the Acb, KOR is localized to strategic sites for involvement in the direct presynaptic release and/or reuptake of dopamine. These data also suggest a role for KOR in the presynaptic modulation of other neurotransmitters and in the postsynaptic excitatory responses of single spiny neurons in the Acb. Dual actions on dopamine terminals and their targets in the Acb may account for KOR-mediated attenuation of drug reinforcement and sensitization.
Demonstration of a protective immune response in infectious salmon anaemia (ISA)-infected Atlantic salmon Salmo salar (1995)

A protective immune response in intectious salmon anaemia (1SA)-infected Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. was demonstrated. Atlantic salmon that had survived a n ISA infection 75 d previously were less susceptible to reinfection. Fish passively immunized with serum from fish that had recovered from ISA were found to be partly protected against ISA. Neutralizing activity of ISAconvalescent antiserum was demonstrated by mixing convalescent antiserum w ~t h ISA-infective tissue homogenate and injecting this preparation into Atlantic salmon.
Peptide Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase (MsrA) Is a Virulence Determinant in <i>Mycoplasma genitalium</i> (2001)

Mycoplasma genitalium is the smallest self-replicating microorganism and is implicated in human diseases, including urogenital and respiratory infections and arthritides. M. genitalium colonizes host cells primarily through adherence mechanisms mediated by a network of surface-associated membrane proteins, including adhesins and cytadherence-related proteins. In this paper, we show that cytadherence in M. genitalium is affected by an unrelated protein known as peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase (MsrA), an antioxidant repair enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of methionine sulfoxide [Met(O)] residues in proteins to methionine. An msrA disruption mutant of M. genitalium, constructed through homologous recombination, displayed markedly reduced adherence to sheep erythrocytes. In addition, the msrA mutant was incapable of growing in hamsters and exhibited hypersensitivity to hydrogen peroxide when compared to wild-type virulent M. genitalium. These results indicate that MsrA plays an important role in M. genitalium pathogenicity, possibly by protecting mycoplasma protein structures from oxidative damage or through alternate virulence-related pathways.