gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of Alzheimer's disease using a convolutional neural network model based on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (2020)

The classification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) using deep learning methods has shown promising results, but successful application in clinical settings requires a combination of high accuracy, short processing time, and generalizability to various populations. In this study, we developed a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based AD classification algorithm using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from AD patients and age/gender-matched cognitively normal controls from two populations that differ in ethnicity and education level. These populations come from the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (SNUBH) and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). For each population, we trained CNNs on five subsets using coronal slices of T1-weighted images that cover the medial temporal lobe. We evaluated the models on validation subsets from both the same population (within-dataset validation) and other population (between-dataset validation). Our models achieved average areas under the curves of 0.91-0.94 for within-dataset validation and 0.88-0.89 for between-dataset validation. The mean processing time per person was 23-24 s. The within-dataset and between-dataset performances were comparable between the ADNI-derived and SNUBH-derived models. These results demonstrate the generalizability of our models to different patients with different ethnicities and education levels, as well as their potential for deployment as fast and accurate diagnostic support tools for AD.
Primary Structures of Somatostatins from the Islet Organ of the Hagfish Suggest an Anomalous Pathway of Posttranslational Processing of Prosomatostatin-1* (1988)

The cyclostomes represent the first class of vertebrate in evolution to develop an endocrine pancreas. Two peptides with somatostatin-like immunoreactivity were isolated from the islet organ of one such cyclostome, the Atlantic hagfish (Myxine glutinosa). The primary structure of the more abundant peptide was established as: Ala-Val-Glu-Arg-Pro5-Arg-Gln-Asp-Gly-Gln10-Val-His-Glu-Pro- Pro15-Gly-Arg-Glu-Arg-Lys20-Ala-Gly-Cys-Lys-Asn25-Phe- Phe-Trp-Lys-Thr30-Phe-Thr-Ser-Cys. The second peptide, comprising 27% of the total immunoreactivity in the islet extract, was identical to mammalian somatostatin-14. The pathway of posttranslational processing of prosomatostatin in the hagfish islet differs markedly from the pathway in the higher vertebrates. In the mammalian pancreas, prosomatostatin is cleaved at the site of the single arginyl residue (corresponding to position 6 in hagfish somatostatin-34) and at the arginine-lysine site (corresponding to positions 19 and 20 in the hagfish peptide) to generate somatostatin-14 and somatostatin-28(1-12)-peptide. In the hagfish islet, Arg6 is not used as a cleavage site and cleavage at Arg19-Lys20 represents only a minor pathway of processing. The data provide further evidence of the strong evolutionary pressure to conserve the complete amino acid sequence of somatostatin-14.
Resettable, Multi‐Readout Logic Gates Based on Controllably Reversible Aggregation of Gold Nanoparticles (2011)

A resettable logic system based on spiropyran-modified gold nanoparticles that is capable of AND, OR, and INHIBIT logic operations has been constructed. Several methods can record the output of this process, including the naked eye, UV/Vis spectroscopy, determination of the ζ potential, and dynamic light scattering. These logic gates can also detect copper(II) ions in aqueous media. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Strong sampled Bragg gratings for WDM applications (1998)

Strong sampled Bragg gratings are UV induced in planar low-loss silica waveguides. Using such gratings, multichannel wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) components can be manufactured with high precision. An ASE filter and multichannel add/drop multiplexer have been demonstrated and characterized using sampled gratings and optical circulators. The add/drop multiplexer exhibits an intraband crosstalk of -30 dB and an interband crosstalk of -20 dB when used with a 200-GHz channel spacing. Simulations using a matrix method are performed showing that the use of uniform sampled gratings is limited by interband crosstalk to channel spacings of around 100 GHz. Propagation losses induced by the amplitude modulated superstructure of sampled gratings are investigated.
Sequence homology between cloned caprine arthritis encephalitis virus and visna virus, two neurotropic lentiviruses (1986)

Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) is an exogenous, nononcogenic retrovirus which causes neurological disease and crippling arthritis in goats. A complete CAEV genome was cloned from unintegrated viral DNA in two fragments of 9.4 and 0.4 kilobases in length, respectively. The biological activity of these clones was tested by ligation of the fragments followed by transfection onto goat synovial membrane cells; infectious virus was recovered. Cloned CAEV and visna virus, a related neurotropic virus of sheep, were compared by heteroduplex and molecular hybridization analyses. These data demonstrated that the greatest overall conservation of nucleotide sequences occurred in the gag and pol gene regions and two smaller regions, sor and the putative tat gene. The region of greatest divergence occurred in the env gene and, in particular, was localized primarily in the region coding for the glycosylated outer membrane protein. These findings and the recently demonstrated genetic relationship of visna virus, CAEV, and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III, the etiologic agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome, may have important implications concerning the biological properties of these related viruses for human and veterinary medicine.
The Role of the Nerve Growth Factor Carboxyl Terminus in Receptor Binding and Conformational Stability (1997)

The role of the nerve growth factor (NGF) carboxyl terminus in the function of NGF is not well understood. Previous work showed that deletion of residues 112-120 abolished NGF bioactivity. Several mutagenesis studies, however, have localized the binding sites of the two NGF receptors, p75 and TrkA, to other regions of the NGF molecule. To investigate the role of the NGF COOH terminus, we performed a detailed structure-function analysis of this region by deleting stepwise each of the nine COOH-terminal residues as well as constructing six point mutants. We found that point mutations within the 111-115 region, but not deletion of residues 116-120, significantly decreased NGF bioactivity, as determined by TrkA tyrosine phosphorylation and neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells. Mutation of the absolutely conserved Leu112 led to severely disrupted p75 binding on A875 cells but had only a modest effect on TrkA binding to MG87-TrkA fibroblasts. This suggests that the p75 binding surface is more extended than previously believed and includes not only charged residues within loops 1 and 5 but also spatially discontinuous, uncharged residues in a region where the NH2 and COOH termini are in close proximity. Unexpectedly, deletion of COOH-terminal residues beyond Ala116 led to significantly decreased stability. These results demonstrate that residues 111-115, but not residues 116-120, are important for both the structural stability and biological activity of NGF.
The genus‐specific lipopolysaccharide epitope of <i>Chlamydia</i> is assembled in <i>C. psittaci</i> and <i>C. trachomatis</i> by glycosyltransferases of low homology (1993)

Summary Chlamydiae possess a genus‐specific epitope that is located on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and is composed of a 3‐deoxy‐ d ‐ manno ‐octulosonic acid (Kdo) trisaccharide of the sequence αKdo‐(2→8)–αKdo–(2→4)‐αKdo. In Chlamydia trachomatis , this trisaccharide is biosynthetically generated through the action of a multi‐functional Kdo‐transferase encoded by the gene gseA. gseA of Chlamydia psittaci 6BC was cloned and expressed in a rough mutant (Re chemotype) of Escherichia coli (strain F515) that contains an LPS with only two α2→4‐linked Kdo residues. Recombinant strains were able to add the immunodominant Kdo residue in a α2→8‐linkage to the parental LPS, as determined by SDS–PAGE and Western blot analysis using a monoclonal antibody against the genus‐specific epitope. The DNA sequence of gseA was determined and aligned to that published recently for C. trachomatis serovar L2. Most surprisingly, the two deduced amino acid sequences shared only an overall homology of 67%. Thus, gseA exhibits species specificity at the DNA level, whereas its gene product results in the synthesis of a carbohydrate antigen with genus specificity.
Beat-by-beat modulation of AV conduction. II. Autonomic neural mechanisms (1986)

We examined the mechanism by which autonomic neural activity associated with respiration and blood pressure modulates atrioventricular (AV) conduction in conscious dogs. Mongrel dogs were anesthetized and instrumented under sterile conditions to record atrial and ventricular electrograms and blood pressure. In the conscious state, electrocardiogram (ECG), respiration, blood pressure, and electrograms were recorded continuously, and heart rate and AV interval were plotted graphically as a function of time. To delineate the role(s) of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, AV conduction was studied during abrupt and linear changes in heart rate after administration of atropine, propranolol, or both. In the basal state and after propranolol, AV interval oscillated with respiration both in the absence of atrial pacing and at pacing rates 10-100 beats/min above control. Following atropine, oscillations in AV interval associated with respiration were abolished; however, linear and abrupt heart rate increases resulted in AV conduction changes that were associated with fluctuations in blood pressure. In contrast, after both atropine and propranolol, alterations in blood pressure or respiration did not influence AV conduction and rate-dependent prolongation of AV conduction occurred. We conclude that in the basal state, AV conduction is influenced predominately by changes in parasympathetic activity which is the major determinant of respiratory-related AV interval oscillations; after atropine, sympathetic activity produces fluctuations in both AV conduction and blood pressure; and intrinsic rate-dependent properties of the AV node are modulated continually by both divisions of the autonomic nervous system.
Haspin: A Mitotic Histone Kinase Required for Metaphase Chromosome Alignment (2005)

The fidelity of chromosome segregation during cell division is critical to maintain genomic stability and to prevent cancer and birth defects. A key set of kinases that regulates this process has been identified and characterized over the last few years, including the Aurora, Polo and Nek families. Recently we proposed that a little-studied kinase known as haspin is a new member of this important group. During mitosis haspin is phosphorylated, associates with the chromosomes, centrosomes and spindle, and is responsible for phosphorylation of histone H3 at threonine-3. Depletion of haspin using RNA interference prevents normal alignment of chromosomes at metaphase, suggesting that haspin plays a crucial role in chromosome segregation. Here we discuss possible mechanisms of haspin action and the function of histone phosphorylation in mitosis. We also outline some of the questions raised by these new findings and consider what role haspin might play in cancer.
Human Tracking Using Convolutional Neural Networks (2010)

In this paper, we treat tracking as a learning problem of estimating the location and the scale of an object given its previous location, scale, as well as current and previous image frames. Given a set of examples, we train convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to perform the above estimation task. Different from other learning methods, the CNNs learn both spatial and temporal features jointly from image pairs of two adjacent frames. We introduce multiple path ways in CNN to better fuse local and global information. A creative shift-variant CNN architecture is designed so as to alleviate the drift problem when the distracting objects are similar to the target in cluttered environment. Furthermore, we employ CNNs to estimate the scale through the accurate localization of some key points. These techniques are object-independent so that the proposed method can be applied to track other types of object. The capability of the tracker of handling complex situations is demonstrated in many testing sequences.
Biphenomycin C, a precursor of biphenomycin A in mixed culture. (1993)

A precursor of biphenomycin A in mixed culture of Streptomyces griseorubiginosus No. 43708 with Pseudomonas maltophilia No. 1928 was isolated and characterized. The structure of the precursor, designated biphenomycin C was determined to be a peptide which is composed of biphenomycin A and arginylserine residue (Fig. 1), on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence.
Pulmonary Function in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Referral for Lung Transplantation (2001)

Of patients awaiting lung transplantation, the death rates are highest in those with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), suggesting that many IPF patients are referred late for transplantation. Therefore this study was undertaken to evaluate baseline pulmonary function test (PFT) and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) fibrosis scores, and the relationship to survival in IPF patients younger than 65 yr of age. A total of 115 patients with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) were studied. At presentation to a tertiary referral center, PFT and HRCT data were collected and analyzed for prognostic significance: the primary outcome measure was patient death. Based on the length of the waiting list for transplantation, prediction of 2-yr survival was examined. DL(CO) percent predicted and HRCT-fibrosis score were found to be independent predictors of survival and in combination gave the best prognostic prediction. The optimal points on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for discriminating between survivors and nonsurvivors corresponded to 39% DL(CO) percent predicted, and to a HRCT-fibrosis score of 2.25. The combination of these parameters yielded an optimal point with a specificity and a sensitivity of 84% and 82%, respectively. A model based on a combination of DL(CO) percent predicted and HRCT-fibrosis score may optimize the timing of referral for transplantation.
Photothermal single particle microscopy using a single laser beam (2014)

We introduce a single-laser-beam photothermal microscopy scheme for the detection of single absorbing nano-objects. Here, a modulated incident laser beam with a constant intensity offset serves as pump and probe beam at the same time. Using the out-of-phase scattering response of the retarded thermorefractive wave field, the method provides a selective contrast for absorbers over a possible background of scatterers. The use of a single wavelength and a single beam, considerably simplifies the setup and integration of photothermal detection in existing microscopy schemes.
Chemical polishing of LSO crystals to increase light output (2000)

Surface treatment of scintillators is critical for light collection from narrow rectangular crystals. The authors investigated chemical polishing which is less labor intensive and expensive than hand and machine polishing. They used phosphoric acid to chemically polish LSO crystals at 110/spl deg/C, 150/spl deg/C and 190/spl deg/C, and compared these with unpolished and mechanically polished crystals. Groups of five 2/spl times/2/spl times/10 mm crystals were etched for different times at each temperature. Weight loss, light output and energy resolution were measured as a function of treatment time and temperature. The authors found that chemical polishing can increase light output by 250% relative to unpolished crystals and by 16% relative to mechanically polished crystals. The energy resolution was relatively independent of surface treatment, with values of between 14 and 16%. The rate of loss of LSO was 0.02%/min at 110/spl deg/C, 0.1%/min at 150/spl deg/C and 0.36%/min at 190/spl deg/C. Maximum light output occurred when 5-10% of the LSO was removed. The crystals were also imaged using scanning electron microscopy and the surface roughness quantitatively assessed by using a profilometer. These measurements helped to clarify the effect of acid polishing on the surface of the scintillator. In summary, chemical polishing appears to be a convenient and effective method for improving light output from small LSO crystals.
ChemInform Abstract: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Bowls, Baskets, Balls, and Tubes: Challenging Targets for Chemical Synthesis (2011)

Abstract Review: 38 refs.
DB2 Universal Database V8 for Linux, UNIX, and Windows Database Certification Guide (2002)

DB2 Universal Database v8 builds on the world's #1 enterprise database to simplify anytime/anywhere information integration, streamline management, automate resource tuning,enhance business intelligence, and maximize performance, scalability, and reliability.Now, IBM offers complete, start-to-finish coverage of DB2 Universal Database v8 administration and development for UNIX, Linux, and Windows platforms... and authoritative preparation for IBM's newest DB2 certification exam.This definitive reference and self-study guide covers every aspect of deploying and managing DB2 Universal Database v8, including best practices for DB2 database design and development; day-to-day administration and backup; expert techniques for deploying networked, Internet-centered, and XML-based database applications; migrating to DB2 UDB v8; and much more.You'll also find an unparalleled collection of IBM tips and tricks for maximizing the performance, availability, and value of any database system. Coverage includes: Manageability and serviceability enhancements, including new tools for storagemanagement and monitoring database health Performance improvement withmultidimensional clustering, enhanced prefetching, threading of Java UDFs and storedprocedures, and materialized query tables New Setup wizards, configuration assistants, GUItools, and DB2 Administration Server (DAS) improvements Availability andscalability enhancements New DB2 v8 Replication and Data Warehouse Centers Major improvements for developers, including SQL, XML, JDBC, and CLIenhancementsWhether you're a DBA, a developer, a DB2 certification candidate, or all three, DB2Universal Database v8 for Linux, UNIX, and Windows Database AdministrationCertification Guide is the one book you can't afford to be without. Straight from IBM, the ultimate guide to running DB2 v8 and preparing for IBM's latest DB2certification exam! In-depth coverage of DB2 v8 database administration and development Covers new DB2 v8 enhancements in manageability, serviceability, reliability, availability, and performance Contains in-depth coverage of new DB2 v8 tools, including the Replication, Data Warehouse, and Development Centers Presents expert tips and best practices from IBM's own DB2 customer support organizationAbout the CDThe CD-ROM included with this book contains a complete trial version of DB2 UDB V8Personal Edition, plus the DB2DEMO program to help explore the many features of DB2.
Hydroforming Applications at Oak Ridge (1999)

Hydroforming technology is a robust forming process that produces components with high precision and complexity. The goal of this paper is to present a brief description of the sheet hydroforming process with respect to the authors' experience and capabilities. Following the authors' discussion of the sheet-metal forming application, the tubular hydroforming process is described in the context of one of our technology development programs with an automotive industrial partner. After that is a summary of the tubular hydroforming advisor (expert system) development activity, which was a significant part of this overall program based on previous experience in developing a design and manufacturing support hydroforming advisor for the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant's weapons-component manufacturing needs. Therefore, this paper is divided into three sections: (1) Hydroforming of Stainless Steel Parts, (2) Tubular Hydroforming, and (3) Components of a Tubular Hydroforming Advisor.
A Synthesis of 3-Alkylpiperidones (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Synthesis of 3-AlkylpiperidonesC. F. KoelschCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1943, 65, 12, 2458–2459Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01252a068https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01252a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views372Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Frequency-Tunable Josephson Junction Resonator for Quantum Computing (2007)

We have fabricated and measured a high-Q Josephson junction resonator with a tunable resonance frequency. A dc magnetic flux allows the resonance frequency to be changed by over 10%. Weak coupling to the environment allows a quality factor of ~7000 when on average less than one photon is stored in the resonator. At large photon numbers, the nonlinearity of the Josephson junction creates two stable oscillation states. This resonator can be used as a tool for investigating the quality of Josephson junctions in qubits below the single photon limit, and can be used as a microwave qubit readout at high photon numbers.
Innovative Metal Lift-off Process Using Dry Carbon Dioxide (2001)

The Eco-Snow ‘dry ’ carbon dioxide process is investigated as a replacement for conventional solvent and de-ionized water spray techniques for metal lift-off process steps. Results show wafer yield improved as a result of reduced electrical degradation and particle density. We also observe reduced contact resistance between the interconnect metal and ohmic metal layers of greater than 20%.
Field Emission Tip as a Nanometer Source of Free Electron Femtosecond Pulses (2006)

We report a source of free electron pulses based on a field emission tip irradiated by a low-power femtosecond laser. The electron pulses are shorter than 70 fs and originate from a tip with an emission area diameter down to 2 nm. Depending on the operating regime we observe either photofield emission or optical field emission with up to 200 electrons per pulse at a repetition rate of 1 GHz. This pulsed electron emitter, triggered by a femtosecond oscillator, could serve as an efficient source for time-resolved electron interferometry, for time-resolved nanometric imaging and for synchrotrons.