gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SATzilla: Portfolio-based Algorithm Selection for SAT (2008)

It has been widely observed that there is no single "dominant" SAT solver; instead, different solvers perform best on different instances. Rather than following the traditional approach of choosing the best solver for a given class of instances, we advocate making this decision online on a per-instance basis. Building on previous work, we describe SATzilla, an automated approach for constructing per-instance algorithm portfolios for SAT that use so-called empirical hardness models to choose among their constituent solvers. This approach takes as input a distribution of problem instances and a set of component solvers, and constructs a portfolio optimizing a given objective function (such as mean runtime, percent of instances solved, or score in a competition). The excellent performance of SATzilla was independently verified in the 2007 SAT Competition, where our SATzilla07 solvers won three gold, one silver and one bronze medal. In this article, we go well beyond SATzilla07 by making the portfolio construction scalable and completely automated, and improving it by integrating local search solvers as candidate solvers, by predicting performance score instead of runtime, and by using hierarchical hardness models that take into account different types of SAT instances. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these new techniques in extensive experimental results on data sets including instances from the most recent SAT competition.
A Paradoxical Role for Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Sepsis and Trauma (2010)

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogenous population of immature myeloid cells whose numbers dramatically increase in chronic and acute inflammatory diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disease, trauma, burns and sepsis. Studied originally in cancer, these cells are potently immunosuppressive, particularly in their ability to suppress antigen-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-cell activation through multiple mechanisms, including depletion of extracellular arginine, nitrosylation of regulatory proteins, and secretion of interleukin 10, prostaglandins and other immunosuppressive mediators. However, additional properties of these cells, including increased reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cytokine production, as well as their universal expansion in nearly all inflammatory conditions, suggest that MDSCs may be more of a normal component of the inflammatory response ("emergency myelopoiesis") than simply a pathological response to a growing tumor. Recent evocative data even suggest that the expansion of MDSCs in acute inflammatory processes, such as burns and sepsis, plays a beneficial role in the host by increasing immune surveillance and innate immune responses. Although clinical efforts are currently underway to suppress MDSC numbers and function in cancer to improve antineoplastic responses, such approaches may not be desirable or beneficial in other clinical conditions in which immune surveillance and antimicrobial activities are required.
A sample-and-hold circuit for 10-bit 100MS/s pipelined ADC (2011)

In this paper a fully differential sample-and-hold (S/H) circuit for the pipelined analog-to-digital converter (ADC) was presented. The S/H circuit is based on capacitor flip-around S/H architecture with gain-boosted differential folded cascode operational transconductance amplifier (OTA), which can achieve high DC gain and large bandwidth. Bootstrapped switch and bottom plate sampling techniques are used to reduce the nonlinear distortion. The entire S/H circuit was designed in CSMC 1.8V/3.3V 0.18μm 1P6M CMOS technology. Simulation results show the S/H circuit achieves SNDR of 84dB, ENOB of 13.7, THD of -85dB, and SFDR of 85.4dB at the input frequency 9.86328125M Hz, which is suitable for a 10bit 100MS/s pipelined ADC.
Purines, pyrimidines and imidazoles. Part 66. New syntheses of some uridine and N-alkoxycarbonyl 5-carboxamides, N-carbamoyl 5-carboxamides and 5-carboxamides (1991)

Ethoxymethylene-N,N′-(methoxy-, ethoxy- and benzyloxy-carbonyl)malonamides have been prepared from the corresponding N,N′-alkoxycarbonylmalonamides with triethyl orthoformate and acetic anhydride. The three ethoxymethylene derivatives with primary alkyl- or aryl-amines including 2,3-O-isopropylidene-D-ribofuranosylamine gave 1 -substituted -N-alkoxycarbonyluracil - 5-carboxamides. The three isopropylidene nucleosides were isolated as β-anomers but in one example (benzyloxy) the α-anomer was also produced in small yield. The four isopropylidene nucleosides were deblocked with 50% aqueous trifluoroacetic acid to afford N-methoxy-, ethoxy- and benzyloxy-carbonyluridine-5-carboxamides and N-benzyloxycarbonyl-1-α-D-ribofuranosyluracil-5-carboxamide. Hydrolysis of each of the three β-anomeric isopropylidene nucleosides with sodium hydroxide produced 1-(2,3-O-isopropylidene)uridine-5-carboxamide which with aqueous trifluoroacetic acid gave uridine-5-carboxamide. Benzyloxycarbonyluridine-5-carboxamide however with aqueous ammonia (d 0.88) at room temperature soon gave N-carbamoyluridine-5-carboxamide in good yield. N-Carbamoyluridine-5-carboxamide was obtained directly from N,N′-ethoxycarbonylethoxymethylenemalonamide and aqueous ammonia. N-Benzyloxycarbonyluridine-5-carboxamide was converted into N-benzyloxycarbonyl-2′-deoxyuridine-5-carboxamide by successive reaction with 1,3-dichloro-1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxane, p-tolyl chlorothioformate and tributyltin hydride followed by deblocking with tetrabutylammonium fluoride. The deoxyuridine with aqueous ammonia (d 0.88) at room temperature gave N-carbamoyl-2′-deoxyuridine 5-carboxamide in high yield. Structures were confirmed by elemental analysis, and FAB mass and 1H NMR spectroscopy.
A flexible processor architecture for MPEG-4 image compositing (2002)

This paper proposes a new array architecture for MPEG-4 image compositing. The emerging MPEG4 standard for multimedia applications allows script-based compositing of audiovisual scenes from multiple audio and visual objects. MPEG-4 supports both, natural (video) and synthetic (3D) visual objects or a combination of both. Objects can be manipulated, e.g. positioned, rotated, warped or duplicated by user interaction. A coprocessor architecture is presented, that works in parallel to an MPEG-4 video- and audio-decoder, and performs computation and bandwidth intensive low-level tasks for image compositing. The processor consists of an SIMD array of 16 DSPs to reach the required processing power for real-time image warping, alpha-blending and 3D rendering tasks. A programmable architecture allows one to adapt the processing resources to the specific needs of different tasks and applications. The processor has an object-oriented cache architecture with 2D virtual address space (e.g. textures), that allows concurrent and conflict-free access to shared data objects for all 16 DSPs. Especially I/O intensive tasks like texture-mapping, alpha-blending, image warping, z-buffer and shading algorithms benefit from shared memory caches and the possibility to preload data before it is accessed.
The phosducin-like protein PhLP1 impacts regulation of glycoside hydrolases and light response in Trichoderma reesei (2011)

The heterotrimeric G-protein pathway is crucial for the interconnection of nutrient signaling and light response of T. reesei, with the class I phosducin-like protein PhLP1, GNB1 and GNG1 acting as important nodes, which influence light responsiveness, glycoside hydrolase gene transcription and sexual development.
Short Takes: State and local governments curtail spending (2008)

Budget; Federal Reserve District, 5th; Cities and towns
1911-12 bulb catalog / (1911)

Yon will note, by comparing the prices in this catalog with, those in former editions, that we now offer Dutch Bulbs from twenty-five to fifty per cent lower. This is because we are now selling such quantities as to enable us to import from Holland in full carload lots, thereby saving much in freight charges. We are giving our customers benefit of this. You can now afford to buy by the hundred or thousand, whereas, heretofore, you bought only by the dozen.
Non-GPS navigation with the personal dead-reckoning system (2007)

This paper introduces a positioning system for walking persons, called "Personal Dead-reckoning" (PDR) system. The PDR system does not require GPS, beacons, or landmarks. The system is therefore useful in GPS-denied environments, such as inside buildings, tunnels, or dense forests. Potential users of the system are military and security personnel as well as emergency responders. The PDR system uses a small 6-DOF inertial measurement unit (IMU) attached to the user's boot. The IMU provides rate-of-rotation and acceleration measurements that are used in real-time to estimate the location of the user relative to a known starting point. In order to reduce the most significant errors of this IMU-based system−caused by the bias drift of the accelerometers−we implemented a technique known as "Zero Velocity Update" (ZUPT). With the ZUPT technique and related signal processing algorithms, typical errors of our system are about 2% of distance traveled. This typical PDR system error is largely independent of the gait or speed of the user. When walking continuously for several minutes, the error increases gradually beyond 2%. The PDR system works in both 2-dimensional (2-D) and 3-D environments, although errors in Z-direction are usually larger than 2% of distance traveled. Earlier versions of our system used an impractically large IMU. In the most recent version we implemented a much smaller IMU. This paper discussed specific problems of this small IMU, our measures for eliminating these problems, and our first experimental results with the small IMU under different conditions.
New 9β-Lanostane-Type Triterpenic and 13,14-<i>seco</i>-Steroidal Esters from the Roots of <i>Artemisia scoparia</i> (1996)

Phytochemical studies on the roots of Artemisia scoparia, collected from the Kullu Valley region of Himachal Pradesh, India, resulted in the isolation of one lanostane-type triterpenoid 1 and two 13,14-seco-steroids 4 and 8. Their structures have been established as 9β-lanosta-5-ene-3α,27-diol 3α-palmitoleate, 13,14-seco-cholest-7-ene-3,6α,27-triol 3,27-diocta-8‘,6‘-dienoate, and 13,14-seco-cholest-5-ene-3β,27-diol 27-methanoate 3β-hexadeca-11‘,13‘,15‘-trien-1‘-oate on the basis of the spectroscopic techniques and chemical means.
Integrated high-voltage video amplifier for color TV (1981)

A 220V dc supply voltage IC to drive the red, green and blue TV cathode elements using multilayer bipolar DMOS technology will be described. A video output peak-to-peak voltage of 120V has been obtained.
Opening and refolding of simian virus 40 and in vitro packaging of foreign DNA (1993)

Simian virus 40 (SV40) can be disassembled under mild conditions by reducing disulfide bonds in the capsid and removing calcium ions. The nucleoprotein complexes formed, analyzed by electron microscopy, were circular and made up of 59 +/- 4 subunits, each with a diameter of about 10 nm. The complexes contained the viral DNA, histones, and the viral capsid proteins. The complexes had much-reduced infectivities compared with intact SV40. Addition of calcium ions to the disrupted virus caused the nucleoprotein complexes to refold into virus-like structures which sedimented at the same rate as intact SV40 and regained infectivity. Treatment of the disrupted SV40 with a high concentration of salt dissociated the viral proteins from the DNA. Lowering stepwise the salt concentration, removing the reducing agent, and adding calcium ions allowed structures to be reformed, and these structures sedimented, like SV40, at 240S and were infectious. The plaque-forming ability of the reconstituted particles was between that of the dissociated components and that of intact SV40. The addition of purified DNA of polyomavirus to the dissociated SV40 before the lowering of the salt concentration showed that virus-like structures could be formed from SV40 proteins and a foreign DNA.
Leaning on the boundaries (1997)

A report on nurse practitioner schemes around the country gave them a distinct thumbs-up. Daniel Allen talked to Shaun Speed about the set-up in the Wirral and considers the uncertainty of such nurses' future
Effect of Carboxylic Functional Group Functionalized on Carbon Nanotubes Surface on the Removal of Lead from Water (2010)

The adsorption mechanism of the removal of lead from water by using carboxylic functional group (COOH) functionalized on the surface of carbon nanotubes was investigated. Four independent variables including pH, CNTs dosage, contact time, and agitation speed were carried out to determine the influence of these parameters on the adsorption capacity of the lead from water. The morphology of the synthesized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was characterized by using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in order to measure the diameter and the length of the CNTs. The diameters of the carbon nanotubes were varied from 20 to 40 nm with average diameter at 24 nm and 10 micrometer in length. Results of the study showed that 100% of lead was removed by using COOH-MCNTs at pH 7, 150 rpm, and 2 hours. These high removal efficiencies were likely attributed to the strong affinity of lead to the physical and chemical properties of the CNTs. The adsorption isotherms plots were well fitted with experimental data.
Calorimetry and Thermodynamics in Drug Design (2008)

Modern instrumentation for calorimetry permits direct determination of enthalpy values for binding reactions and conformational transitions in biomolecules. Complete thermodynamic profiles consisting of free energy, enthalpy, and entropy may be obtained for reactions of interest in a relatively straightforward manner. Such profiles are of enormous value in drug design because they provide information about the balance of driving forces that cannot be obtained from structural or computational methods alone. This perspective shows several examples of the insight provided by thermodynamic data in drug design.
Introducing a New Service from BUBL (1997)

No abstract available for this article.
On the Poulsen Arc and its Theory (1917)

The paper deals with an experimental investigation of the Poulsen arc carried out by means of: 1. The ordinary electrical methods of testing, 2. Gehrcke's oscillograph for taking oscillograms of arc voltage, 3. Photographic side views of the arc, 4. Photographs of the arc and craters viewed in a rotating mirror, i. e., crater oscillograms. The chief results of the investigation are: The experimental values of ratio between radio frequency current and the direct current are satisfactorily explained on the basis of the A-theory. This is not the case for the theory based on Barkhausen's simple characteristic. (B-theory.) The maximum voltage across the arc is very much smaller than required by the B-theory. For the normal Poulsen arc, the extinction voltage is almost as high as the ignition voltage. The most suitable intensity of the magnetic field H<R>o</R> is proportional to the density of the gas and to the frequency of the oscillations, approximately proportional to the feeding current and increases linearly with the r.f. resistance. The behavior of the arc in fields of different intensities is investigated.
Insight into Electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction on Surface-Molecule-Mediated Ag Nanoparticles (2016)

The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction to form valued hydrocarbon molecules is an attractive process, because it can be coupled with renewable energy resources for carbon recycling. For an efficient CO2 conversion, designing a catalyst with high activity and selectivity is crucial, because the CO2 reduction reaction in aqueous media competes with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) intensely. We have developed a strategy to tune CO2 reduction activity by modulating the binding energies of the intermediates on the electrocatalyst surfaces with the assistance of molecules that contain the functional group. We discovered that the amine functional group on Ag nanoparticle is highly effective in improving selective CO production (Faradaic efficiency to 94.2%) by selectively suppressing HER, while the thiol group rather increases HER activity. A density functional theory (DFT) calculation supports the theory that attaching amine molecules to Ag nanoparticles destabilizes the hydrogen binding, which effectively suppresses HER selectively, while an opposite tendency is found with thiol molecules. In addition, changes in the product selectivity, depending on the functional group, are also observed when the organic molecules are added after nanoparticle synthesis or nanoparticles are immobilized with an amine (or thiol)-containing anchoring agent. CO Faradaic efficiencies were consistently improved when the Ag nanoparticle was modified with amine groups, compared with that of its thiol counterpart.
Measurement of Alpha1-Antitrypsin in Serum, by Immunodiffusion and by Enzymatic Assay (1974)

Journal Article Measurement of Alpha1-Antitrypsin in Serum, by Immunodiffusion and by Enzymatic Assay Get access Albert A Dietz, Albert A Dietz Research and Medical Services, VA Hospital, Hines, Ill. 60141; and Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Ill. 60153 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Herbert M Rubinstein, Herbert M Rubinstein Research and Medical Services, VA Hospital, Hines, Ill. 60141; and Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Ill. 60153 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar LaVerne Hodges LaVerne Hodges Research and Medical Services, VA Hospital, Hines, Ill. 60141; and Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Ill. 60153 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 20, Issue 3, 1 March 1974, Pages 396–399, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/20.3.396 Published: 01 March 1974
New technology for early detection of health threats (2008)

Governmental agencies charged with protecting the health of the population and agriculture have several main strategic objectives including the detection of harmful agents, the identification of vulnerable biological targets, the prediction of health outcomes and the development of countermeasures. New technologies are urgently needed in several critical areas of bio-chemical defense: economical and minimally invasive biosensors for field use in humans and other species important for agriculture and infrastructure, universal analytical platforms for broad-based, early warnings of threats and technologies guiding the development of countermeasures. A new technology called Stress Response Profiling (SRP) was recently developed by the Gaia Medical Institute. SRP provides a universal analytical platform for monitoring health status based on measurements of physiological stress. The platform is implemented through handheld devices that can be used for noninvasive detection of early-stage health problems. This paper summarizes SRP features, advantages and potential benefits for critical areas of homeland defense.
Social language use in parents of autistic individuals (1992)

Social language use (pragmatics) in parents of autistic individuals and controls was compared. Autism parents displayed atypical pragmatic behaviours more often than controls. Preliminary factor analysis suggested three parsimonious groupings of pragmatic abnormalities: Disinhibited Social Communication, Awkward/Inadequate Expression, and Odd Verbal Interaction. The pragmatic features observed in some autism parents are milder but conceptually similar to the social language deficits of autism. Possible reasons for familial aggregation of pragmatic language deficits are discussed.
An approach to automatic phonetic baseform generation based on Bayesian networks (2001)

To improve the performance and the usability of the speech recognition devices, It is necessary for most applications to allow users to enter new words or personalize words to the system vocabulary. Voice-tagging technique is a simple example that use speaker dependent spoken sample to generate baseform transcriptions of the spoken words. More sophisticated techniques can use both spoken samples and texts of the new words to generate baseform transcriptions. In this paper, we propose a new approach to the problem. We use Bayesian networks to model the letter-to-sound rule probabilities. Compared to the common decision tree based method, This new approach shows a definite advantage.
Joint Estimation and Correction of Geometric Distortions for EPI Functional MRI Using Harmonic Retrieval (2008)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses applied spatial variations in the magnetic field to encode spatial position. Therefore, nonuniformities in the main magnetic field can cause image distortions. In order to correct the image distortions, it is desirable to simultaneously acquire data with a field map in registration. We propose a joint estimation (JE) framework with a fast, noniterative approach using harmonic retrieval (HR) methods, combined with a multi-echo echo-planar imaging (EPI) acquisition. The connection with HR establishes an elegant framework to solve the JE problem through a sequence of 1-D HR problems in which efficient solutions are available. We also derive the condition on the smoothness of the field map in order for HR techniques to recover the image with high signal-to-noise ratio. Compared to other dynamic field mapping methods, this method is not constrained by the absolute level of the field inhomogeneity over the slice, but relies on a generous pixel-to-pixel smoothness. Moreover, this method can recover image, field map, and T2* map simultaneously.
Bioethanol from corn meal hydrolyzates (2005)

The two-step enzymatic hydrolysis of corn meal by commercially available ?-amylase and amyloglycosidase and the subsequent or simultaneous ethanol fermentation of the hydrolyzates by Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast were studied. The conditions of starch hydrolysis, such as substrate and enzyme concentration and the time required for enzymatic action, were optimized taking into account both the effects of hydrolysis and ethanol fermentation. The corn meal hydrolyzates obtained were good substrates for ethanol fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A yield of ethanol of more than 80% of the theoretical one was achieved with a satisfactory product to substrate yield Yp/s (g/g) and good ethanol volumetric productivity P (g/lh). No shortage of fermentable sugars was observed during simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation. Savings in time and energy could be realized by such a process.
A Multilinear (Tensor) Framework for HRTF Analysis and Synthesis (2007)

This paper introduces a multilinear (tensor) framework for the analysis and synthesis of the head-related transfer function (HRTF). The HRTF is the result of the confluence of two factors, sound location and person (anatomy). Our multilinear modeling technique employs a tensor extension of the conventional matrix singular value decomposition (SVD), known as the TV-mode SVD which explicitly represents the HRTF in terms of its constituent factors. Anatomical data is mapped to our multilinear HRTF model using regression. This mapping defines a data-driven model capable of producing different personalized HRTFs from easily obtained anatomical measurements. We show that our approach yields objectively superior results to those of a mapping based on principle components analysis (PCA).