gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence of Uncultivated Bacteria in the Adult Female Bladder (2012)

Clinical urine specimens are usually considered to be sterile when they do not yield uropathogens using standard clinical cultivation procedures. Our aim was to test if the adult female bladder might contain bacteria that are not identified by these routine procedures. An additional aim was to identify and recommend the appropriate urine collection method for the study of bacterial communities in the female bladder. Consenting participants who were free of known urinary tract infection provided urine samples by voided, transurethral, and/or suprapubic collection methods. The presence of bacteria in these samples was assessed by bacterial culture, light microscopy, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Bacteria that are not or cannot be routinely cultivated (hereinafter called uncultivated bacteria) were common in voided urine, urine collected by transurethral catheter (TUC), and urine collected by suprapubic aspirate (SPA), regardless of whether the subjects had urinary symptoms. Voided urine samples contained mixtures of urinary and genital tract bacteria. Communities identified in parallel urine samples collected by TUC and SPA were similar. Uncultivated bacteria are clearly present in the bladders of some women. It remains unclear if these bacteria are viable and/or if their presence is relevant to idiopathic urinary tract conditions.
Effect of Cobalt Promoter on Structure and Properties of Lean-Burn NO_x Trap Pt/Ba-Al-O (2002)

Under lean-burn conditions, the NO, trap Pt/Ba-Al-O can store NO, as nitrates or nitrites. Successive sequences of lean and rich operating periods provide a high efficiency for NO, reduction. On addition of the Co promoter, the NO, storage capacity of the trap is improved remarkably. In this paper, the NO, trap Pt/Co-Ba-Al-O with an Al:Ba:Co molar ratio of 32:2: 1 and a Pt:Co-Ba-Al-O mass ratio of 1.0% was prepared by the coprecipitation-impregnation method. X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption near edge structure and extended Xray absorption fine structure were used to characterize the microstructure of the samples. After calcination at 800degreesC I cobalt species react with alumina to form CoAl2O4, in which cobalt is present in the form of tetrahedrally-coordinated Co2+ ions. The well-dispersed CoAl2O4 phase can promote the conversion of NO to NO2 through reactions of 2Co(2) + 1/2O(2) --> 2Co(3) + [O2-] and 2Co(3+) + [O2-] + NO --> 2Co(2+) + NO2 under lean-burn conditions. This results in an enhancement of the NO, storage capacity. Pt species mainly exist as well-dispersed small atomic clusters. Compared with the sample Pt/Ba-Al-O, Pt/Co-Ba-Al-O shows a higher alumina dispersion and the strung interaction between Pt species and supports is inhibited. This leads to the adequate distribution of fine-grained platinum species over the NO, trap and is favorable for NO, storage. A NO, storage capacity of 372 mumol/g is obtained over Pt/Co-Ba-Al-O at 200 degreesC, which is about 21.6% higher than that over Pt/Ba-Al-O.
Eutectic potassium-sodium-aluminum chloride as a mild catalyst for ene reactions: simple synthesis of the sex pheromone from Douglas fir tussock moth (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEutectic potassium-sodium-aluminum chloride as a mild catalyst for ene reactions: simple synthesis of the sex pheromone from Douglas fir tussock mothBjorn Akermark and Anders LjungqvistCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 22, 4387–4388Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00416a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00416a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views147Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of feeding diets containing endophyte-infected fescue seed on luteinizing hormone secretion in postpartum beef cows and in cyclic heifers and cows (1992)

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of feeding endophyte (Acremonium coenophialum)-infected fescue (Festuca arundinacea Shreb.) seed on LH secretion in postpartum beef cows and in cycling heifers and cows. In Exp. 1, spring-calving primiparous Angus cows (n = 16) were pair-fed for 75 d diets that contained endophyte-free or endophyte-infected (95%) fescue seed that contained 1.3 micrograms/g of ergovaline and 5.2 mg/g of saturated pyrrolizidines. Serial blood samples for basal and GnRH-stimulated serum LH analysis were obtained on d 7, 28, 42, and 56 of the study. The endophyte had no effect on LH secretion (basal, pulse frequency, and amplitude) or milk production. Average daily gain was decreased (P < .05) in cows that consumed infected fescue seed compared with controls (-.20 vs -.01 kg, respectively). Basal serum prolactin concentrations were reduced (P < .01) in treated compared with control cows (8.9 vs 25.4 ng/mL, respectively) on d 70. In Exp. 2, cycling Angus heifers (n = 8; age = 2 yr) and cows (n = 8; age = 4 yr) stratified by age were pair-fed for 40 d diets that contained the noninfected or the highly infected fescue seed. Estrus was synchronized by prostaglandin F2 alpha (d 18 and 28). Serial blood samples for serum LH analysis were obtained on d 28 (luteal phase) and d 30 (follicular phase). The endophyte did not affect LH (P > .28) or prolactin (P > .16) secretion, whereas ADG was decreased (P < .05) in treated compared with control animals (.32 vs .70 kg/d, respectively).
Giant magnetoimpedance sensors (2001)

Magnetoinductance and giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) sensors have greatly benefited from the development of amorphous wires. These soft ferromagnetic substances exhibit exquisite sensitivity (in the nT range) and wide bandwidth (MHz) in thin film structures. Combining these properties with surface wave technology produces passive, wireless sensors.
Preservation of Native Aortic Valve Flow and Full Hemodynamic Support with the TORVAD Using a Computational Model of the Cardiovascular System (2014)

This article describes the stroke volume selection and operational design for the toroidal ventricular assist device (TORVAD), a synchronous, positive-displacement ventricular assist device (VAD). A lumped parameter model was used to simulate hemodynamics with the TORVAD compared with those under continuous-flow VAD support. Results from the simulation demonstrated that a TORVAD with a 30 ml stroke volume ejecting with an early diastolic counterpulse provides comparable systemic support to the HeartMate II (HMII) (cardiac output 5.7 L/min up from 3.1 L/min in simulated heart failure). By taking the advantage of synchronous pulsatility, the TORVAD delivers full hemodynamic support with nearly half the VAD flow rate (2.7 L/min compared with 5.3 L/min for the HMII) by allowing the left ventricle to eject during systole and thus preserving native aortic valve flow (3.0 L/min compared with 0.4 L/min for the HMII, down from 3.1 L/min at baseline). The TORVAD also preserves pulse pressure (26.7 mm Hg compared with 12.8 mm Hg for the HMII, down from 29.1 mm Hg at baseline). Preservation of aortic valve flow with synchronous pulsatile support could reduce the high incidence of aortic insufficiency and valve cusp fusion reported in patients supported with continuous-flow VADs.
Sulwon Lecture 2009: The Search for Genetic Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2011)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is caused by complex interplay between multiple genetic and environmental factors. The three major approaches used to identify the genetic susceptibility include candidate gene approach, familial linkage analysis and genome- wide association analysis. Recent advance in genome-wide association studies have greatly improved our understanding of the pathophysiology of T2DM. As of the end of 2010, there are more than 40 confirmed T2DM-associated genetic loci. Most of the T2DM susceptibility genes were implicated in decreased β-cell function. However, these genetic variations have a modest effect and their combination only explains less than 10% of the T2DM heritability. With the advent of the next-generation sequencing technology, we will soon identify rare variants of larger effect as well as causal variants. These advances in understanding the genetics of T2DM will lead to the development of new therapeutic and preventive strategies and individualized medicine.
QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENT OF THE ABILITY OF DIFFERENT MUTAGENS TO INDUCE AN INHERITED CHANGE IN PHENOTYPE TO ALLOW MALTOSE UTILIZATION IN SUSPENSION CULTURES OF THE SOYBEAN, <i>GLYCINE MAX</i> (L.) MERR (1980)

USING A NEWLY DEVELOPED PLATING SYSTEM, WE HAVE MEASURED CELL SURVIVAL AND THE FREQUENCIES OF VARIATION IN AN INHERITED TRAIT AFTER TREATMENT OF SOYBEAN CELL SUSPENSIONS WITH DIFFERENT MUTAGENS: ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso-guanidine (MNNG), hycanthone (1-{[2-(diethylamino) ethyl] amino}-4-(hydroxymethyl)-9H-thioxanthen-9-one and ultraviolet light (UV).-The heritable variation selected for displays a phenotype of rapid growth on maltose as carbon source. The marker is stable in the absence of maltose, and prolonged growth of variant cells on sucrose has not shown reversions to slow growth. Doubling time in suspension cultures is decreased from 100 hr to ca. 30 hr by the mutation. Both wild-type and variant cells grow on sucrose with a 24-hr doubling time. Thus, lethality after mutagen treatment can be estimated rapidly by growth on sucrose, whereas variants are scored on maltose medium. The spontaneous frequency of variants was 1.2 x 10(-7); induced frequencies ranged from a low of 3.6 x 10(-5) for EMS to a high of 10(-3) for hycanthone. The high frequency of variants induced by hycanthone, a frame-shift mutagen, and the observation that UV induces variants in haploid cells with much higher frequency than in diploid cells suggests a recessive mutation.
Camera-based lane border detection in arbitrarily structured environments (2014)

In this paper we present a new approach for monocular image based lane border detection in situations where the characteristics of the pavement and the lane border are unknown. To achieve real time performance on standard hardware we analyze statistical characteristics of 1D signals on certain profile lines to find different types of features which belong to the lane border. These features are used for fitting a border model in. The proposed method shows good results in complex situations. It was evaluated in different scenarios with cobblestone pavement, lowered curbs, lane markers, parking cars defining the lane border as well as disturbances on the road like shadows, dirt and asphalt damages. The method was successfully used within the Volkswagen research vehicle ‘eT’ (electronic Transporter).
Alkylation Studies with Aminotetrazoles<sup>1</sup> (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkylation Studies with Aminotetrazoles1KENNETH R. WILSON, ROBERT M. HERBST, and WILLARD J. HAAKCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1959, 24, 8, 1046–1051Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01090a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01090a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views150Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Aromatase Activity in Cultured Human Genital Skin Fibroblasts* (1984)

Aromatase activity of human genital skin fibroblasts grown in cell culture was studied using both [1,2,6,7-3H] androstenedione (A) and [1-3H]A as substrates. With the former substrate the generation of [3H]estrogens was determined, whereas with the latter substrate, the formation of [3H]H2O was measured. Our results showed that the release of [3H]H2O from [1-3H]A provides an accurate and sensitive method for determining aromatase activity in cultured human skin fibroblasts. Because genital skin fibroblasts also possess marked 5 alpha-reductase activity, we found that addition of an alternate substrate for 5 alpha-reductase was necessary to prevent shunting of A from the aromatase pathway. Hence, all aromatase assays were carried out in the presence of 5 microM progesterone. Under these experimental conditions, no correlation was found between levels of 5 alpha-reductase and aromatase activities. The Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of the aromatase in cultured genital skin fibroblasts measured in the presence of A and added progesterone ranged between 10 and 39 nM, and the maximum velocity (Vmax) ranged between 0.14 and 1.46 pmol product/mg protein/h. These values are in good agreement with those previously described for adipose tissue stromal-vascular cells, suggesting that the aromatase complexes are similar in skin and adipose tissue. We conclude that skin may be an important site for aromatization of androgens to estrogens in men.
Observing the oxidation state turnover in heterogeneous iridium-based water oxidation catalysts (2014)

In this work the oxidation states assumed by Ir in oxide systems used as heterogeneous catalysts for water oxidation are determined by means of in situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS). Using a highly hydrated iridium oxide film allows the maximum number of Ir sites to be involved in the electrochemical processes occurring at the catalysts during water oxidation (oxygen evolution reaction, OER). X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) spectra clearly indicate the co-existence of Ir(III) and Ir(V) at the electrode potentials where OER occurs. This represents a fundamental step both in the understanding of the water oxidation mechanism catalysed by heterogeneous Ir oxide systems, and in the possible tailoring of electrocatalysts for OER.
Nitrous oxide and occupational exposure: it's time to stop laughing. (1991)

Although nitrous oxide (N(2)O) has been widely used since 1844, in recent years it has been implicated in a number of serious health hazards such as reproductive, nerve, liver, and kidney disorders. The National Institute of Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommends a limit of 25 ppm for chronic exposure to N(2)O in the dental office. Our study monitored ambient N(2)O levels in the dental office. N(2)O levels were compared for procedures performed in open clinics and private operatories as well as with and without a gas-scavenging system. Measurements were taken in the Dental Breathing Zone (DBZ) and Dental Chair Foot (DCF) at regular intervals. A four- to eightfold increase in average N(2)O levels was noted in the DBZ for unscavenged versus scavenged procedures. A three- to fourfold increase for unscavenged versus scavenged procedures was similarly noted in the DCF. N(2)O were significantly higher in private operatories than in open clinics, due to limited room volumes and in the DBZ over the DCF, due to mask leakage and increased oral exhalation. Scavenged N(2)O levels for both operatory types did not meet NIOSH guidelines. In contrast to previous studies using any form of gas removal, our study shows a significant decrease in N(2)O level achieved with an adequate scavenger system. With only four states regulating the use of N(2)O, and with concern over its deleterious effects growing, additional states and the federal government are expected to enact legislation regulating the use of N(2)O in the near future.
Reinforcement Learning for Partially Observable Dynamic Processes: Adaptive Dynamic Programming Using Measured Output Data (2010)

Approximate dynamic programming (ADP) is a class of reinforcement learning methods that have shown their importance in a variety of applications, including feedback control of dynamical systems. ADP generally requires full information about the system internal states, which is usually not available in practical situations. In this paper, we show how to implement ADP methods using only measured input/output data from the system. Linear dynamical systems with deterministic behavior are considered herein, which are systems of great interest in the control system community. In control system theory, these types of methods are referred to as output feedback (OPFB). The stochastic equivalent of the systems dealt with in this paper is a class of partially observable Markov decision processes. We develop both policy iteration and value iteration algorithms that converge to an optimal controller that requires only OPFB. It is shown that, similar to Q -learning, the new methods have the important advantage that knowledge of the system dynamics is not needed for the implementation of these learning algorithms or for the OPFB control. Only the order of the system, as well as an upper bound on its "observability index," must be known. The learned OPFB controller is in the form of a polynomial autoregressive moving-average controller that has equivalent performance with the optimal state variable feedback gain.
A 3-to-40V V<inf>IN</inf> 10-to-50MHz 12W isolated GaN driver with self-excited t<inf>dead</inf> minimizer achieving 0.2ns/0.3ns t<inf>dead</inf>, 7.9% minimum duty ratio and 50V/ns CMTI (2018)

High-frequency (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SW</sub> ), wide-input (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IN</sub> ) power converters have gained increasing popularity in automotive applications due to the heightening demand for low profile, high power density and fast dynamic response [1]. To implement such converters, it is widely believed that Gallium Nitride (GaN) technology would replace conventional silicon technology in the future due to far-superior figures of merit (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DSON</sub> ×Q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</sub> ) [2,3]. Hence, there are urgent needs in developing compatible GaN driving techniques and circuits that enable high efficiency, high conversion ratio (CR) and high reliability power conversion at high f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SW</sub> . Among many challenges in accomplishing these goals, gate driver dead-time (t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dead</sub> ) control and ground-interference isolation require the most immediate attention.
Antibody validation (2010)

Antibodies are among the most frequently used tools in basic science research and in clinical assays, but there are no universally accepted guidelines or standardized methods for determining the validity of these reagents. Furthermore, for commercially available antibodies, it is clear that what is on the label does not necessarily correspond to what is in the tube. To validate an antibody, it must be shown to be specific, selective, and reproducible in the context for which it is to be used. In this review, we highlight the common pitfalls when working with antibodies, common practices for validating antibodies, and levels of commercial antibody validation for seven vendors. Finally, we share our algorithm for antibody validation for immunohistochemistry and quantitative immunofluorescence.
Si 3 N 4 /SiO 2 /Si waveguide grating for fluorescent biosensors (1999)

The simulation of the coupling efficiency of fluorescence sources immobilized in the evanescent field of a waveguide mode has allowed the dimensioning of a sensing waveguide platform based on a silicon substrate exhibiting maximum fluorescence efficiency. The incoupling of the excitation light and the outcoupling of the fluorescence signal are performed by means of a corrugation grating. The presence of the highly reflective silicon surface under the waveguide grating causes interferences in the fluorescence output signal which depend on the wavelength and on the radiation angle. A theoretical modeling of the grating coupling under these conditions has led to the achievement of high incoupling efficiency at the excitation wavelength, and simultaneously to high outcoupling efficiency at the wavelength of the fluorescence peak. An experiment was performed with fluorescein at the surface of a 160 nm thick silicon nitride waveguide film on a silicon substrate with a 2100 nm thick buffer layer of silica. The measured outcoupled spectra fit well with the calculated spectra taking into account the output grating coupling, the fluorescence spectrum, and fluorescence coupling. These waveguide grating structures are applied to the detection of immunological reactions.
NaIO<sub>4</sub>/LiBr-mediated Diastereoselective Dihydroxylation of Olefins:  A Catalytic Approach to the Prevost−Woodward Reaction (2005)

[reaction: see text] LiBr catalyzes efficiently the dihydroxylation of alkenes to afford syn and anti diols with excellent diastereoselectivity depending upon the use of NaIO(4) (30 mol %) or PhI(OAc)(2) (1 equiv), respectively, as the oxidants. The oxidation of non-benzylic halides has been achieved for the first time to afford the corresponding diols in excellent yields.
Regulatory T Cells as Targets for Immunotherapy of Autoimmunity and Inflammation (2008)

Regulatory T (Treg) cells are emerging as key players in the regulation of different immune responses, thereby representing potential candidates for therapeutic interventions in a broad variety of immunological disorders. While the reduction or loss in function would be of benefit during the treatment of cancer, induction and/or expansion of Treg cell function might be helpful to interfere with unwanted immune responses in transplantation medicine, during autoimmunity, allergy and inflammation. However, a better understanding of Treg cell biology is a prerequisite to specifically modulate its function during immune responses in vivo. In the present review we will discuss current concepts on different cell types, components and some novel surface receptors expressed by Treg cells, namely Neuropilin-1, CD83 and G protein-coupled receptor 83 which might represent promising targets for the modulation of Treg cell function in human disease.