gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biochemical characterization and microsequencing of a 205-kDa synovial protein stimulatory for T cells and reactive with rheumatoid factor containing sera (1996)

Synovial fluid (SF) was found to possess stimulatory capacity for the proliferation of T cell clones derived from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) when cultured together with IL-2. Using chromatography technique and gel electrophoresis, a synovial fluid protein with an apparent m.w. of 205 kDa (p205) was isolated that demonstrated a bioactivity analogous to that obtained with native synovial fluid. After electroelution, p205 dissociated into 70-kDa fragment(s). Upon IEF, it appeared as a single band with an isoelectric point of 6.5, suggesting a noncovalently bound trimer complex. Amino acid sequences of the whole protein and of tryptic peptides were determined by N terminal sequencing. The N terminal amino acid sequence of the 70-kDa fragment and of the tryptic peptides showed no identity to recently described protein sequences. One peptide matched, in 11 amino acid residues, with the human IgG1-4 constant heavy chain and rheumatoid factor (RF) binding region. The p205 induced the proliferation of peripheral blood T cells and long term T cell cultures that had been raised by alternate stimulation with IL-2 and p205. In a similar approach, synovial lining cells were shown to release a protein with biochemical characteristics similar to the synovial fluid-derived p205. Western blot analysis revealed the binding of RF-containing sera to p205, which was diminished by absorption with an RF reagent. These observations suggest that p205 is expressed by synovial cells and may be a target for T and B cells in RA.
Effect of tumor cells on the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro (1977)

In agreement with previous reports, the primary in vitro response to alloantigens has been shown to be dependent on the presence of macrophages (Mphs). Splenocytes extensively depleted of adherent phagocytic cells did not generate cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and this activity could be completely restored by small numbers of adherent peritoneal cells (accessory cells). Either P388D1 (Mph-like tumor), P388 ("null" tumor) or P815 (mastocytoma) tumor cells, or 2-mercaptoethanol, could completely replace the accessory function normally mediated by accessory cells. These tumor cells did not non-specifically "enhance" the cytotoxic activity generated with normal nondepleted spleen cells. The restored cultures maintained killing specificity to H-2 targets which was mediated by effector T cells as shown by sensitivity to anti-theta and complement. Therefore, Mphs seem not to be the sole cells capable of mediating an accessory function in a primary response to alloantigens in vitro.
Modeling Torque Converter Clutch Viscous Damper Performance (1985)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A viscous damper is used as part of the automatic transaxle torque converter in some new passenger cars for improved driveability and fuel economy. A viscous silicone fluid is a critical component of the damper. Fluid viscosity-shear rate characteristics were determined in the laboratory for temperatures of 25 to 150 °C at shear rates from 400 to over 6000 reciprocal seconds. Using these data, and the dimensions of the viscous damper, a mathematical model was developed which predicts viscous damper output torque. Correlation between model predictions and actual measured torques from dynamometer tests was excellent. As a result, the mathematical model is useful for predicting viscous damper performance from measured fluid viscosity-shear rate characteristics. Also, since the model includes the critical viscous damper dimensions, it can be used for determining effects of damper design modifications on damper performance.</div>
Inward looking projections (2003)

This paper presents a technique for rendering inward looking projections. We call these projections anti-perpsective because they run counter to normal perspective projection and converge to a point in front of the image plane. A real world analog for this type of projection is the reflection seen on a spherically concave mirror. In fact the technique can be used to render reflections on perfectly spherically curved mirrors. Our implementation builds on environment mapping work that captures a sample of the light coming into a point; we propose an inward looking spherical camera that captures a view from all around an object. The aim of this research is to provide a visualisation technique capable of viewing multiple sides of an object in a single image.
<i>In Vivo</i> Bioimaging of Silver Nanoparticle Dissolution in the Gut Environment of Zooplankton (2018)

Release of silver ions (Ag<sup>+</sup>) is often regarded as the major cause for silver nanoparticle (AgNP) toxicity toward aquatic organisms. Nevertheless, differentiating AgNPs and Ag<sup>+</sup> in a complicated biological matrix and their dissolution remains a bottleneck in our understanding of AgNP behavior in living organisms. Here, we directly visualized and quantified the time-dependent release of Ag<sup>+</sup> from different sized AgNPs in an in vivo model zooplankton ( Daphnia magna). A fluorogenic Ag<sup>+</sup> sensor was used to selectively detect and localize the released Ag<sup>+</sup> in daphnids. We demonstrated that the ingested AgNPs were dissoluted to Ag<sup>+</sup>, which was heterogeneously distributed in daphnids with much higher concentration in the anterior gut. At dissolution equilibrium, a total of 8.3-9.7% of ingested AgNPs was released as Ag<sup>+</sup> for 20 and 60 nm AgNPs. By applying a pH sensor, we further showed that the dissolution of AgNPs was partially related to the heterogeneous distribution of pH in different gut sections of daphnids. Further, Ag<sup>+</sup> was found to cross the gills and enter the daphnids, which may be a potential pathway leading to AgNP toxicity. Our findings provided fundamental knowledge about the transformation of AgNPs and distribution of Ag<sup>+</sup> in daphnids.
Ferroine, Cuproine, and Terroine Reacting Organic Analytical Reagents (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFerroine, Cuproine, and Terroine Reacting Organic Analytical ReagentsG. F. SmithCite this: Anal. Chem. 1954, 26, 10, 1534–1538Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60094a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60094a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views145Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
IL-8-mediated angiogenic responses of endothelial cells to lipid antigen activation of iNKT cells depend on EGFR transactivation (2011)

iNKT cells are a unique T cell subset, which is CD1d-restricted and specific for glycolipid antigens. In advanced atherosclerotic plaques, focal collections of inflammatory cells correlate with areas of intraplaque neovascularization. We reported recently that iNKT cells might facilitate intraplaque neovascularization by enhancing EC migration and sprouting in an IL-8-dependent manner. This study investigated the participating effector mechanisms. In ECs, CM, derived from antigen-stimulated human iNKT cells (CM+), induced up-regulation of IL-8R CXCR2 and the phosphorylation of EGFR and of multiple intracellular signaling effectors, including FAK, Src, Erk, Jnk, p38-MAPK, and STAT1 and -3. We found that a cascade of events, which were IL-8-dependent and involved EGFR activation, was responsible for signaling through FAK and Src kinases and necessary for acquisition of angiogenic morphology, migration in a two-dimensional wound assay, and sprout outgrowth in a three-dimensional model of angiogenesis in vitro. The data support that IL-8-dependent activation of angiogenic behavior in ECs, in response to activated iNKT, involves CXCR2, transactivation of EGFR, and subsequent FAK/Src signaling. We found too that activated iNKT increased VEGFR2 expression in ECs. Functional studies confirmed that EGF is the motogenic-enhancing factor in CM+ and is necessary, together with an exogenous source of VEGF, for iNKT-promoted sprout formation. EGFR inhibition may represent a novel therapeutic modality aimed at plaque stabilization through control of neovascularization within developing atherosclerotic plaques.
Visual Communication Systems for the Deaf (1981)

The paper is in two parts. The first (Section II) describes six years' operating experience with an in-house switched videotelephone system installed in the headquarters of the Royal National Institute for the Deaf, London. The system, which has recently been extended to 10 terminals, has confirmed the usefulness and practicality of switched television for both deaf-to-hearing and deaf-to-deaf communication. Proper attention is required, however, to terminal design and maintenance procedures. In the second part (Sections III and IV) consideration is given to extending the system to permit communication over the public switched telephone network. This demands considerable data compression of the images. Experiments are reported using six deaf subjects in which the tolerance of signing, lip-reading, and fingerspelling to temporal, spatial, and contrast coding distortions was investigated. The results suggest that just-comfortable communication can be achieved at around 100 kbits/s and just-possible communication at around 5 kbits/s, with further reductions appearing feasible.
Dual-mode dual-band bandpass filter using defected ground waveguide (2010)

A novel dual-mode dual-band bandpass filter (BPF) design using a defected ground waveguide (DGW) with independently controlled centre frequencies is presented. This BPF consists of simple microstrip feedlines and embedded DGW resonators for single substrate configuration. Defected corner cut perturbation is applied to improve out-of-band performance and operating band selectivity. This filter has been designed, fabricated and measured. Good agreement between simulation and measurement verifies the validity of this design methodology.
Modelling, simulation, testing, and optimization of advanced hybrid vehicle powertrains (2008)

The internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle has dominated the transportation market for nearly 100 years. Numerous concerns with continued use of fossil fuels arise, however, and these concerns have created an impetus to develop more efficient vehicles that release fewer emissions. There are several powertrain technologies that could supplant conventional ICEs as the dominant technology, most notably electric and hybrid powertrains. In order to achieve the levels of performance and cost of conventional powertrains, electric and hybrid powertrain designers must use design techniques and tools such as computer modelling, simulation and optimization. These tools facilitate development of a virtual prototype that allows the designer to rapidly see the effects of design modifications and precludes the need to manufacture multiple expensive physical prototypes. A comprehensive survey of the state of the art of commercialized hybrid vehicle powertrains is conducted, and the term multi-regime in ICE hybrid vehicle (ICEHV) modelling is introduced to describe designs that allow for multiple configurations and operating regimes. A dynamic mathematical model of a power-split architecture with two modes (or configurations) introduced by General Motors Corporation is developed and a steady-state version is programmed into the ADvanced VehIcle SimulatOR (ADVISOR) simulation software package. This ADVISOR model is applied to a commercial delivery vehicle, and the fuel consumption of
Pivotal Role of Antibody and Subsidiary Contribution of CD8<sup>+</sup>T Cells to Recovery from Infection in a Murine Model of Japanese Encephalitis (2011)

The immunological correlates for recovery from primary Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection in humans and experimental animals remain poorly defined. To investigate the relative importance of the adaptive immune responses, we have established a mouse model for Japanese encephalitis in which a low-dose virus inoculum was administered into the footpads of adult C57BL/6 mice. In this model, ~60% of the mice developed a fatal encephalitis and a virus burden in the central nervous system (CNS). Using mice lacking B cells (μMT(-/-) mice) and immune B cell transfer to wild-type mice, we show a critically important role for humoral immunity in preventing virus spread to the CNS. T cell help played an essential part in the maintenance of an effective antibody response necessary to combat the infection, since mice lacking major histocompatibility complex class II showed truncated IgM and blunted IgG responses and uniformly high lethality. JEV infection resulted in extensive CD8(+) T cell activation, judged by upregulation of surface markers CD69 and CD25 and cytokine production after stimulation with a JEV NS4B protein-derived H-2D(b)-binding peptide and trafficking of virus-immune CD8(+) T cells into the CNS. However, no significant effect of CD8(+) T cells on the survival phenotype was found, which was corroborated in knockout mice lacking key effector molecules (Fas receptor, perforin, or granzymes) of cytolytic pathways triggered by T lymphocytes. Accordingly, CD8(+) T cells are mostly dispensable for recovery from infection with JEV. This finding highlights the conflicting role that CD8(+) T cells play in the pathogenesis of JEV and closely related encephalitic flaviviruses such as West Nile virus.
Importance-aware Bloom Filter for managing set membership queries on streaming data (2013)

In this work <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> , we consider a set of networking applications which generate or process a continuous stream of data items, for example, a web-cache which processes a stream of web-objects. These applications often require to answer membership queries for duplicate detection on an unbounded set of data items. Two key challenges to answer such membership queries are the limited space to store the entire stream and the different importance-levels associated with different data items. For instance, a web-caches are of finite sizes and the cost of fetching objects into the cache is proportional to the size of objects. Motivated by such examples, our work focuses on developing a time and space efficient indexing and membership query scheme which takes into account importance levels of objects in a data stream. We propose Importance-aware Bloom Filter (IBF) which provides a set of insertion and deletion algorithms to handle membership queries on a data stream. Our evaluation of IBF for a synthetic as well as a real data set of a stream of Youtube videos, shows that IBF has close to 0% error in answering membership queries on important data items, and it results in 4-fold better performance in comparison to other importance-agnostic Bloom filter-based schemes. Importantly, we also find properties of IBF analytically via a Markov model based analysis. Thus, we believe, IBF provides a practical framework to balance the application-specific requirements to index and query data streams based on the data semantics.
Multiport swept-wavelength interferometer with laser phase noise mitigation employing a broadband ultra-weak FBG array (2020)

Optical vector network analyzers (OVNAs) based on swept-wavelength interferometry are applied widely in optical metrology and sensing to measure the complex transfer functions of optical components, devices, and fibers. Phase noise from laser sweep nonlinearities degrades the measurement quality as the distance increases and limits the usage of the OVNA in characterizing systems with long impulse responses as required in space-division multiplexing links with a high mode count or in the presence of large modal differential group delay (DGD). In this Letter, we use a densely distributed broadband ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating array to directly measure the distortion due to phase noise at a 5-m increment up to 400 m and use this measured data to directly eliminate the distortion. We experimentally extend the measurement range of the swept-wavelength OVNA over 400 m and successfully characterize a 2-km six-mode multimode fiber link with an accumulated impulse response as wide as 20 ns.
Fracture Toughness of 2‐D Woven SiC/SiC CVI‐Composites with Multilayered Interphases (1996)

Relations between fracture toughness and fiber/matrix interphases were examined on various SiC/SiC composites made by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) and reinforced with woven fiber bundles. Strong and weak fiber/matrix bondings were obtained using multilayered interphases consisting of various combinations of carbon and SiC layers of different thickness and using fibers which had been previously treated. Fracture toughness was estimated using the J ‐ integral and using strain energy release rate computed with a model taking into account the presence of a process zone of matrix microcracks. Both approaches evidenced similar trends. It appeared that higher toughness was obtained with those composites possessing strong interphases and subject to dense matrix microcracking.
Frequency analysis of electrical impedance tomography system (2000)

An equivalent four-terminal model of an impedance tomography sensor in the measuring channel is presented. The frequency dependence of the potential difference measured between voltage electrodes of the sensor is analyzed theoretically and compared with the results of experiments carried out in the range 10 Hz-20 kHz. A good agreement is found. Results of the analysis revealed the frequency range of the measuring signal (10 Hz-5 kHz in the considered case) for which the potential difference is constant or varies insignificantly. At higher frequencies (more than 5 kHz), however, an evident variability was found-the higher the frequency, the higher potential difference. This results from the impedance characteristic of the tomography system including interfacial layer impedances, parasitic capacitances (particularly between the electrodes of the sensor) as well as signal source and voltmeter parameters. Analysis of the frequency characteristic of any individual tomography system is suggested to select the appropriate frequency of measuring signal and hence to avoid variability in the measured potential difference.
Nordihydrocapsiate, a New Capsinoid from the Fruits of a Nonpungent Pepper, <i>Capsicum annuum</i> (1998)

A new capsiate-like substance, named nordihydrocapsiate (1), has been isolated from the fruits of a nonpungent cultivar, CH-19 Sweet, of pepper (Capsicum annuum). The structure of 1 was determined to be 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl 7-methyloctanoate by spectroscopic methods.
Randomized phase II trial of the nucleolin targeting aptamer AS1411 combined with high-dose cytarabine in relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (2009)

7019 Background: Aptamers are small synthetic oligonucleotides that form stable nuclease-resistant 3D structures and bind target proteins with specificity and affinity similar to antibodies. These “chemical antibodies” represent a new class of therapeutics. The AS1411 aptamer binds nucleolin on the surface of cancer cells and induces apoptosis. AS1411 has synergistic effects in combination with cytarabine on AML cell lines in vitro and in vivo. A phase I trial of AS1411 monotherapy in 30 patients with advanced cancer showed objective responses without serious toxicities. Methods: This open-label randomized phase II trial compared AS1411 plus high-dose cytarabine (HiDAC) with HiDAC alone in patients with primary refractory or relapsed AML who had received up to 3 previous lines of chemotherapy. Patients in cohort I were randomized 2:1 to receive AS1411 10 mg/kg/day as continuous IVI on days 1–7 + HiDAC 1.5 g/m 2 / twice daily on days 4–7 or HiDAC alone for 4 days. Following safety assessment, a second cohort was randomized in a similar manner, with AS1411 escalated to 40 mg/kg/day. Objectives were comparison of response rates (CR+CRp), safety and tolerability between treatment groups. Results: Accrual has been completed, with 71 patients randomized: 22 to AS1411 10 mg/kg/day + HiDAC (AS1411–10), 26 to AS1411 40 mg/kg/day + HiDAC (AS1411–40) and 23 to HiDAC alone (control). Safety findings are currently available for 44 patients (AS1411–10, 21; AS1411–40, 9; control, 14). The main grade 3/4 toxicities were hematologic, notably febrile neutropenia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia; and infections. Safety findings were similar across groups, except that grade 3 hypokalemia was more frequent with AS1411–40. Deaths within 28 days of treatment were: AS1411–10, 1/21; AS1411–40, 1/9; and control, 2/14. Response data are currently available for 39 patients; response rates were: AS1411–10, 16% (3/19); AS1411–40, 14% (1/7); and control, 0% (0/13). Conclusions: Data from this first phase II trial of an aptamer in oncology are encouraging. The combination of AS1411 at 10 or 40 mg/kg/day with HiDAC appears well tolerated and shows promising signs of activity in patients with relapsed/refractory AML. [Table: see text]
Obstructions Within or Immediately Adjacent to the Left Main Coronary Artery: an Indication for PTCA? (1986)

Since the introduction of balloon angioplasty for coronary obstructions by Dr. Andreas Grüntzig in 1977, the indications for this procedure have progressively enlarged. Today it is well accepted that single coronary lesions as well as complex situations with multiple obstructions can be treated successfully with this innovative method. However, it is still a matter of controversy, whether or not left main coronary artery lesions should be attempted by PTCA. The data of the NHLBI registry suggest that the presence of left main coronary disease bears an increased risk for PTCA [1]. On the other hand, it has been reported that left main stem lesions can be dilated without an increase in mortality or infarction rate in selected patients [2]. Similar controversial considerations apply to balloon dilatation of very proximal stenoses of the left anterior descending artery or the left circumflex artery when the lesion is located immediately distal to the branching of the left main coronary artery, since procedure-inherent complications such as local dissection and closure may involve the main stem and thus expose the patient to a considerably increased risk. We report in this context on our experience concerning PTCA procedures in patients with left main disease or obstructions at the origin of the LAD or left circumflex artery who underwent coronary angioplasty in our institution.