gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel CBRAM integration using subtractive dry-etching process of Cu enabling high-performance memory scaling down to 10nm node (2015)

We introduce for the first time a novel integration scheme of CBRAM cells, where the Cu electrode is patterned using a subtractive dry-etching process. We demonstrate excellent performances of 30nm-size cells (1μs-write at ≤50μA, >10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> endurance, excellent retention at 150°C) as well as scaling potential of CBRAM down to 10nm-node using 5nm-thick Cu electrodes.
The Pockels Effect of Hexamethylenetetramine (1963)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Richard W. McQuaid, "The Pockels Effect of Hexamethylenetetramine," Appl. Opt. 2, 320-321 (1963) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Photochemistry of Dianthrylsilanes:  A Study of σ,π*-Interaction (2003)

In this article, we demonstrated by the application of time-resolved spectroscopy, X-ray structural analysis and other spectroscopic techniques that 9-Anthrylsilanes exhibits sigma,pi-interaction between 9-anthryl group and the Si-Si linkage in anthryl-disilanes, ASi(2), ASi(2)A, and ASi(3)A which does not occur in the analogous alkyl derivatives as well as the pyrenylsilane derivatives, in spite of the fact that the 0,0-band of PSi(2) is about 12.8 KJ more energetic than that of ASi(2) (Figure 1). More interestingly, the X-ray structural studies reveal that ASi(3)A exists in a butterfly-like structure in agreement with other spectroscopic analyses that the two anthryl groups do not interact in their excited states, while those in ASi(2)A do. This is in contrast to the analogous pyrenylsilanes; the trisilanes exhibits a stronger excimer interaction than that of disilane.(10b) Our results show that the sigma,pi-interactions in ASi(3)A has imparted rigidity to the tri-silyl linkage. Potential applications of anthrylsilanes in material sciences will be explored.(5) This work provides evidence that sigma,pi-interaction between the 9-anthryl group and disilyl linkage does play an important role in the properties of disilanes. We attribute this enhanced sigma,pi-interaction to the nature of the lowest excited state (S(1) state) of anthracenes, the L(a) transition, which has a much higher oscillator strength than the S(1)L(b)-transition of pyrenes (Figure 1). We define the interaction in anthracene as a sigma,pi(S(1,)L(a)) interaction. This interaction lends a substantial barrier to the Si-Si bond with the excited anthryl nucleus in anthrylsilanes. The scope and potential applications of this phenomenon are discussed.
The Solubility of Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide in Aqueous Salt Solutions (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Solubility of Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide in Aqueous Salt SolutionsAaron E. Markham and Kenneth A. KobeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 2, 449–454Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01847a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01847a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1075Altmetric-Citations143LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A critical evaluation of several global optimization algorithms for the purpose of molecular docking (1999)

Several global optimization algorithms were applied to the problem of molecular docking: random walk and Metropolis Monte Carlo Simulated Annealing as references, and Stochastic Approximation with Smoothing (SAS), and Terminal Repeller Unconstrained Subenergy Tunneling (TRUST) as new methodologies. Of particular interest is whether any of these algorithms could be used to dock a database of typical small molecules in a reasonable amount of time. To address this question, each algorithm was used to dock four small molecules presenting a wide range of sizes, degrees of flexibility, and types of interactions. Of the algorithms tested, only stochastic approximation with smoothing appeared to be sufficiently fast and reliable to be useful for database searches. This algorithm can reliably dock relatively small and fairly rigid molecules in a few seconds, and larger and more flexible molecules in a few minutes. The remaining algorithms tested were able to reliably dock the small and fairly rigid molecules, but showed little or no reliability when docking large or flexible molecules. In addition, to decrease the error in the typical grid-based energy evaluations a new form of interpolation, logarithmic interpolation, is proposed. This interpolation scheme is shown to both quantitatively reduce the numerical error and practically to improve the docking results. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 20: 1740–1751, 1999
Improving the Efficacy of Chemoradiation with Targeted Agents (2014)

Chemoradiation is the standard therapy for the majority of inoperable, locally advanced cancers. Although there is a need to improve chemoradiation efficacy, normal-tissue toxicity limits our ability to give additional chemotherapy or higher doses of radiation. Thus, there is excitement about the addition of molecularly targeted agents, which tend to be less toxic than chemotherapy, to chemoradiation regimens. Unfortunately, initial empiric attempts have not been successful. This review will focus on the evidence that supports rational combinations of targeted agents with chemoradiation, with an emphasis on agents that target the DNA damage response and radiation-induced membrane signaling.
A non-contact piezoelectric torque sensor (2002)

This paper presents a novel piezoelectric torque sensor that operates in a non-contacting mode. This new torque sensor exhibits several advantages over existing torque sensors because of its small size, selectivity, sensitivity, and inexpensive manufacturability. An AT-cut quartz plate is used as the sensing element, which operates at its fundamental and third harmonic frequencies. Measurements were made that linearly correlate the applied torque to the sensor response. The applications of this technology are evident in the automotive industry for use in monitoring the torque, for example, on a steering wheel in a vehicle. Applications also extend to any other industrial or commercial setting where a measure of the torque on a rotating shaft is desired.
Structures of the Two Discophases of Rufigallol Hexa-<i>n</i>-Octanoate (1981)

Abstract X-ray diffraction experiments have been performed on the two mesophases DB and DC of the hexa-n-octanotate of rufigallol (RHO). The disk-like molecules form parallel columns, and the mean distance between two neighbouring cores has the largest value observed until now for a columnar mesophase. The structure of the D B phase is similar to that the mesophase of the hexa-n-octanoate of triphenylene, whereas the structure of the monotropic D C phase is a new one in which three different orientations of the molecular core are present.
The Swift X-ray Telescope (2005)

The Swift Gamma-Ray Explorer is designed to make prompt multiwavelength observations of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) and GRB afterglows. The X-ray Telescope (XRT) enables Swift to determine GRB positions with a few arcseconds accuracy within 100 seconds of the burst onset. The XRT utilizes a mirror set built for JET-X and an XMM/EPIC MOS CCD detector to provide a sensitive broad-band (0.2-10 keV) X-ray imager with effective area of > 120 cm^2 at 1.5 keV, field of view of 23.6 x 23.6 arcminutes, and angular resolution of 18 arcseconds (HPD). The detection sensitivity is 2x10^-14 erg cm^-2 s^-1 in 10^4 seconds. The instrument is designed to provide automated source detection and position reporting within 5 seconds of target acquisition. It can also measure the redshifts of GRBs with Fe line emission or other spectral features. The XRT operates in an auto-exposure mode, adjusting the CCD readout mode automatically to optimize the science return for each frame as the source intensity fades. The XRT will measure spectra and lightcurves of the GRB afterglow beginning about a minute after the burst and will follow each burst for days or weeks.
Bipolar Resistive Switching of Single Gold-in-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Nanowire (2012)

We have fabricated single nanowire chips on gold-in-Ga(2)O(3) core-shell nanowires using the electron-beam lithography techniques and realized bipolar resistive switching characteristics having invariable set and reset voltages. We attribute the unique property of invariance to the built-in conduction path of gold core. This invariance allows us to fabricate many resistive switching cells with the same operating voltage by simple depositing repetitive metal electrodes along a single nanowire. Other characteristics of these core-shell resistive switching nanowires include comparable driving electric field with other thin film and nanowire devices and a remarkable on/off ratio more than 3 orders of magnitude at a low driving voltage of 2 V. A smaller but still impressive on/off ratio of 10 can be obtained at an even lower bias of 0.2 V. These characteristics of gold-in-Ga(2)O(3) core-shell nanowires make fabrication of future high-density resistive memory devices possible.
Transition fault testing for sequential circuits (1993)

Addresses the problem of simulating and generating tests for transition faults in nonscan and partial scan synchronous sequential circuits. A transition fault model for sequential circuits is first proposed. In this fault model, a transition fault is characterized by the fault site, the fault type, and the fault size. The fault type is either slow-to-rise or slow-to-fall. The fault size is specified in units of clock cycles. Fault simulation and test generation algorithms for this fault model are presented. The fault simulation algorithm is a modification of PROOFS, a parallel, differential fault simulation algorithm for stuck faults. Experimental results show that neither a comprehensive functional verification sequence nor a test sequence generated by a sequential circuit test generator for stuck faults produces a high fault coverage for transition faults. Deterministic test generation for transition faults is required to raise the coverage to a reasonable level. With the use of a novel fault injection technique, tests for transition faults can be generated by using a stuck fault test generation algorithm with some modifications. Experimental results for ISCAS-89 benchmark circuits and some AT&T designs are presented. Modifications to test generation and fault simulation algorithms required for partial scan circuits are presented. Experimental results on large benchmark circuits show that a high transition fault coverage can be achieved for the partial scan circuits designed using the cycle breaking technique.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Signatures of natural selection on genetic variants affecting complex human traits (2013)

It has recently been hypothesized that polygenic adaptation, resulting in modest allele frequency changes at many loci, could be a major mechanism behind the adaptation of complex phenotypes in human populations. Here we leverage the large number of variants that have been identified through genome-wide association (GWA) studies to comprehensively study signatures of natural selection on genetic variants associated with complex traits. Using population differentiation based methods, such as <i>F</i><sub>ST</sub> and phylogenetic branch length analyses, we systematically examined nearly 1300 SNPs associated with 38 complex phenotypes. Instead of detecting selection signatures at individual variants, we aimed to identify combined evidence of natural selection by aggregating signals across many trait associated SNPs. Our results have revealed some general features of polygenic selection on complex traits associated variants. First, natural selection acting on standing variants associated with complex traits is a common phenomenon. Second, characteristics of selection for different polygenic traits vary both temporarily and geographically. Third, some studied traits (e.g. height and urate level) could have been the primary targets of selection, as indicated by the significant correlation between the effect sizes and the estimated strength of selection in the trait associated variants; however, for most traits, the allele frequency changes in trait associated variants might have been driven by the selection on other correlated phenotypes. Fourth, the changes in allele frequencies as a result of selection can be highly stochastic, such that, polygenic adaptation may accelerate differentiation in allele frequencies among populations, but generally does not produce predictable directional changes. Fifth, multiple mechanisms (pleiotropy, hitchhiking, etc) may act together to govern the changes in allele frequencies of genetic variants associated with complex traits.
Multiplex assay (Mikrogen recomBead) for detection of serum IgG and IgM antibodies to 13 recombinant antigens of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in patients with neuroborreliosis: the more the better? (2015)

A multiplex-bead-based assay for the detection of serum antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato was evaluated. The assay contained 13 different antigens in both the IgG and the IgM assay; thus, a total of 26 measurement results were available from each sample. A total of 49 Danish patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB), 218 Danish blood donor controls, a set of 61 Swedish patients with LNB and 139 Swedish non-LNB patients investigated for suspected LNB were used. There are four parts developed in this study: a characterization of the sero-epidemiological antibody-response pattern, the construction of a diagnostic score, evaluation of the scoring method using an independent dataset and an assessment of the analytical quality of the multiplex assay. The VlsE IgG had the highest diagnostic value with an AUC (area under the curve) of 96% on the receiver operating characteristic curve. The OspC IgM had AUCs just above 80%. All the other antigens had both low quantitative reactivity and lower contrast in the patients with LNB compared to controls. The diagnostic value of the assay may be improved by using a logistic model giving a sensitivity of 90 and 79% for the specificities at 92 and 98%, respectively. Overall, the patients with LNB had serum reactivity in IgG VlsE, but modest antibody reactivity in the remaining 12 IgG and 13 IgM antibody measurements. Using a logistic regression model with five IgG and two IgM antigens, the sensitivity and specificity of the assay was improved; but the IgG VlsE component alone contributed most of the diagnostic contrast.
Joseph Newbould Sanders (1963)

When J. N. Sanders died at the age of forty-eight, the Society lost a devoted officer and scholar. His name appears on the list of members invited to the conference which was to have been the first General Meeting in September 1939. Thus he followed the fortunes of the Society almost from the beginning. During his seven years as Treasurer, the Society trebled in size and made considerable demands upon him, yet he fulfilled the duties of his office with care, efficiency and foresight. His extensive knowledge of scholars and scholarship, his wise and incisive judgement put the Committee constantly in his debt. At the Eighth General Meeting he read a paper, subsequently published in volume 1 of New Testament Studies, on 'Those whom Jesus loved (John xi. 5)'. Other volumes of the Journal contain articles and reviews from his pen; and the present special part prints a brief study, ' St John on Patmos', which he delivered at the closing session of the Sixteenth General Meeting. Those who were present to hear him recall that he spoke with his customary learning, wit and good humour. Any member who knew him would wish to echo what has been said elsewhere, that he was
HIV-1 protease inhibitor induces growth arrest and apoptosis of human multiple myeloma cells via inactivation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (2004)

We previously showed that HIV-1 protease inhibitors slowed the proliferation of human myeloid leukemia cells and enhanced their differentiation in the presence of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). In this study, we found that protease inhibitors, including ritonavir, saquinavir, and nelfinavir, but not indinavir, induced growth arrest and apoptosis of U266, RPMI8226, and ARH77 human multiple myeloma (MM) cells in association with down-regulation of antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1. Also, protease inhibitors inhibited the survival of freshly isolated MM cells from patients. In contrast, these protease inhibitors did not affect survival of normal B cells and colony formation of myeloid committed stem cells (CFU-GM) from healthy volunteers. In addition, we found that all of the protease inhibitors, except for indinavir, blocked interleukin-6 (IL-6)-stimulated phosphorylation of both signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT 3) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in U266 and RPMI8226 MM cells. Moreover, the protease inhibitors inhibited both the basal and IL-6-stimulated STAT 3/DNA binding activity in U266 cells as measured by an ELISA-based assay. Furthermore, ritonavir inhibited production of vascular endothelial growth factor one of the targets of STAT 3, in U266 and RPMI8226 cells as measured by ELISA. Taken together, protease inhibitors might be useful for treatment of individuals with MM.
The effects on malaria of treatment of iron-deficiency anaemia with oral iron in Gambian children (1989)

In order to determine whether giving iron to iron-deficient children increases their susceptibility to malaria, 213 Gambian children aged between 6 months and 5 years with iron-deficiency anaemia were randomized to receive either oral iron or placebo during the rainy season when malaria transmission is maximal. Haematological and iron measurements improved significantly in the group given iron. Regular morbidity surveys showed that fever associated with parasitaemia occurred more frequently in the iron-treated group than in the placebo group. This difference was not significant for all parasitaemias grouped together, but became significant and progressively larger for parasitaemias of ten or more positive fields per 100 high power fields (P less than 0.025), and for parasitaemias of 50 or more positive fields per 100 high power fields (P less than 0.01). Three children in the iron-treated group but none in the placebo group had more than one episode of fever and parasitaemia. Splenomegaly rates rose appreciably during the study in both groups, but in children at age 2 years the splenomegaly rate at the end of the study was significantly greater in the iron-treated group. We concluded that there is a significantly increased risk of fever associated with severe malarial parasitaemia for children with iron-deficiency anaemia given iron during the season of maximal malaria transmission in this part of The Gambia.
QoS support in 4 (2001)

This paper addresses the problem of supporting real-time communications in a multihop mobile network using QoS routing, and presents evaluation results on the QoS routing model proposed by Aggelou (see Ph.D. Thesis, University of Surrey, 2001). In the performance experiments, we consider multimedia traffic flows with different QoS types and examine the system performance in various communication environments.
Real-time single airborne nanoparticle detection with nanomechanical resonant filter-fiber (2013)

Nanomechanical resonators have an unprecedented mass sensitivity sufficient to detect single molecules, viruses or nanoparticles. The challenge with nanomechanical mass sensors is the direction of nano-sized samples onto the resonator. In this work we present an efficient inertial sampling technique and gravimetric detection of airborne nanoparticles with a nanomechanical resonant filter-fiber. By increasing the nanoparticle momentum the dominant collection mechanism changes from diffusion to more efficient inertial impaction. In doing so we reach a single filter-fiber collection efficiency of 65 ± 31% for 28 nm silica nanoparticles. Finally, we show the detection of single 100 nm silver nanoparticles. The presented method is suitable for environmental or security applications where low-cost and portable monitors are demanded. It also constitutes a unique technique for the fundamental study of single filter-fiber behavior. We present the direct measurement of diffusive nanoparticle collection on a single filter-fiber qualitatively confirming Langmuir's model from 1942.
Report of Nine Cases (1979)

Nine cases of peliosis hepatis are reported: five of these were associated with the administration of androgen or anabolic androgenic steroids and a sixth with large doses of medroxy-progesterone acetate. In five instances, neoplasm was present as an underlying disease. Antemortem evidence of liver disease was detected in six of seven cases but was not severe and had not contributed to death. The pathogenesis of blood-filled cystic cavities is discussed and the literature reviewed. Angiopathy of hepatic sinusoids in patients with wasting diseases or in those receiving androgens in coexistence with passive congestion of the liver appear to be factors in the pathogenesis of pleiosis hepatis.
Air-mode photonic crystal ring resonator on silicon-on-insulator (2016)

In this report, we propose and demonstrate an air-mode photonic crystal ring resonator (PhCRR) on silicon-on-insulator platform. Air mode is utilized to confine the optical field into photonic crystal (PhC) air holes, which is confirmed by the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulation. PhCRR structure is employed to enhance the light-matter interaction through combining the whispering-gallery mode resonance of ring resonator with the slow-light effect in PhC waveguide. In the simulated and measured transmission spectra of air-mode PhCRR, nonuniform free spectral ranges are observed near the Brillouin zone edge of PhC, indicating the presence of the slow-light effect. A maximum group index of 27.3 and a highest quality factor of 14600 are experimentally obtained near the band edge. Benefiting from the strong optical confinement in the PhC holes and enhanced light-matter interaction in the resonator, the demonstrated air-mode PhCRR is expected to have potential applications in refractive index sensing, on-chip light emitting and nonlinear optics by integration with functional materials.