gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
STOCHASTIC MODELING AND TIME-TO-EVENT ANALYSIS OF VOIP TRAFFIC (2013)

Voice over IP (VoIP) systems are gaining increased popularity due to the cost effectiveness, ease of management, and enhanced features and capabilities. Both enterprises and carriers are deploying VoIP systems to replace their TDM-based legacy voice networks. However, the lack of engineering models for VoIP systems has been realized by many researchers, especially for large-scale networks. The purpose of traffic engineering is to minimize call blocking probability and maximize resource utilization. The current traffic engineering models are inherited from the legacy PSTN world, and these models fall short from capturing the characteristics of new traffic patterns. The objective of this research is to develop a traffic engineering model for modern VoIP networks. We studied the traffic on a large-scale VoIP network and collected several billions of call information. Our analysis shows that the traditional traffic engineering approach based on the Poisson call arrival process and exponential holding time fails to capture the modern telecommunication systems accurately. We developed a new framework for modeling call arrivals as a non-homogeneous Poisson process, and we further enhanced the model by providing a Gaussian approximation for the cases of heavy traffic condition on large-scale networks. In the second phase of the research, we followed a new time-to-event survival analysis approach to model call holding time as a generalized gamma distribution and we introduced a Call Cease Rate function to model the call durations. The modeling and statistical work of the Call Arrival model and the Call Holding Time model is constructed, verified and validated using hundreds of millions of real call information collected from an operational VoIP carrier network. The traffic data is a mixture of residential, business, and wireless traffic. Therefore, our proposed models can be applied to any modern telecommunication system. We also conducted sensitivity analysis of model parameters and performed statistical tests on the robustness of the models’ assumptions. We implemented the models in a new simulation-based traffic engineering system called VoIP Traffic Engineering Simulator (VSIM). Advanced statistical and stochastic techniques were used in building VSIM system. The core of VSIM is a simulation system that consists of two different simulation engines: the NHPP parametric simulation engine and the non-parametric simulation engine. In addition, VSIM provides several subsystems for traffic data collection, processing, statistical modeling, model parameter estimation, graph generation, and traffic prediction. VSIM is capable of extracting traffic data from a live VoIP network, processing and storing the extracted information, and then feeding it into one of the simulation engines which in turn provides resource optimization and quality of service reports.
UV Drinking Water Disinfection - Requirements, Testing and Surveillance: Exemplified by the Austrian National Standards M 5873-1 and M 5873-2 (2005)

The increased acceptance of UV drinking water disinfection is attributed, amongst other things, to the better understanding of the process and the higher quality assurance of the UV disinfection plants. Establishment of quality standards on the requirements, as well as validation testing and certification of commercial UV plants, have provided the basis for the safe application of drinking water disinfection by UV irradiation. Two different techniques of UV irradiation are used for water disinfection: low pressure lamps with quasi monochromatic emission at 253.7 nm and medium pressure lamps with polychromatic emission. Due to the differences in lamp emission and the consequences thereof, it is advisable to deal with these two techniques separately. To describe the requirements on UV disinfection of water a three-step approach has been proven to be useful: (1) the knowledge of the UV resistance of health related microorganisms transmittable by water; (2) an objective careful evaluation of commercial UV plants and (3) the surveillance during practical application by means of defined alarm points and a calibrated UV sensor, which allows checks against official specifications. The latter provides the possibility of an independent, objective inspection, as, for example, demanded by certain health authorities.
Modification of a switching strategy for asymmetric half-bridge converters for switched reluctance motor drives (2004)

This paper presents an improved switching scheme for asymmetric half-bridge converters, the standard inverters for switched reluctance machine drives. The modified switching strategy bases on the idea that every electrical cycle the two switches in each leg of the converter alternate their commutating and chopping functions. Consequently, the upper and lower transistors of the converter can balance their switching losses. Such method has been implemented in DS1102 digital signal processor (DSP) control environment driving a 1-hp 4-phase 8/6 switched reluctance motor (SRM) with a 4-phase IGBT asymmetric half-bridge converter. Measured switching losses of the proposed method are compared with those of a basic switching scheme. The experimental results have confirmed an acceptable performance of this proposed technique.
The particular vesicle appearing in barley root cells and its relation to mugineic acid secretion (1987)

Abstract The changes in the ultrastructure of barley root cells induced by Fe‐deficiency was investigated in relation to secretion of mugineic acid and its analogues (MAS). We found that the particular vesicles were present in barley root cells under both conditions of sufficient and deficient iron. These particular vesicles were increased in number and volume under Fe‐deficient condition. These vesicles contained fibrous materials. Their limiting membrane was thinner than that of Golgi vesicles, and they had ribosomes around their surface. Their structure suggests that they originated from rough endoplasmic reticulum. The vesicle volume was expanded especially before sunrise when MAs were enriched in Fe‐deficient barley roots. In the midday, after secretion of MAs, the volume of the vesicles decreased.
Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Stimulates Insulin Secretion in HIT-T 15 Cells and Mouse Islets. (2000)

Sphingosine is involved in the regulation of cellular processes as a second messenger in various kinds of cells. Since the possible involvement of sphingosine has not been investigated in pancreatic beta-cells, we determined the expression of putative sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptors and the effect of sphingosine on pancreatic beta-cell function using a clonal Hamster beta-cell line, HIT-T 15 cells and isolated mouse islets. We showed the expression of putative S1P receptors, Edg-3 and AGR16/H218 in HIT-T 15 cells. Ten and 20 microM S1P significantly stimulated insulin secretion for 10 minutes in HIT-T 15 cells. Ten microM S1P significantly increased insulin secretion from isolated mouse islets. Ten microM S1P obviously increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). Fifty nM nifedipine did not affect the S1P stimulation of insulin secretion in HIT-T 15 cells. Two microM U73122 (phospholipase C inhibitor) completely deleted 10 microM S1P-induced stimulation of insulin secretion for 10 minutes, but U73343 (an inactive analogue of U73122) did not. S1P dose-dependently inhibited intracellular cyclic AMP levels. Pretreatment with 100 ng/ml pertussis toxin (PTX) partially, but significantly attenuated an increase of insulin secretion by 10 microM S1P. These data suggested that PTX-sensitive G-protein-dependent pathway may, at least in part, be involved in an increase of non-glucose stimulated insulin secretion by S1P through the activation of phospholipase C-Ca2+ system.
Secure and fault-tolerant voting in distributed systems (2002)

Concerns about both security and fault-tolerance have had an important impact on the design and use of distributed information systems in the past. As such systems become more prevalent, as well as more pervasive, these concerns will become even more immediately relevant. We focus on integrating security and fault-tolerance into one, general-purpose protocol for secure distributed voting. Distributed voting is a well-known fault-tolerance technique. For the most part, however, security had not been a concern in systems that used voting. More recently, several protocols have been proposed to shore up this lack. These protocols, however, have limitations which make them particularly unsuitable for many aerospace applications, because those applications require very flexible voting schemes (e.g., voting among real-world sensor data). We present a new, more general voting protocol that reduces the vulnerability of the voting process to both attacks and faults. The algorithm is contrasted with the traditional 2-phase commit protocols typically used in distributed voting and with other proposed secure voting schemes. Our algorithm is applicable to exact and inexact voting in networks where atomic broadcast and predetermined message delays are present, such as local area networks. For wide area networks without these properties, we describe yet another approach that satisfies our goals of obtaining security and fault tolerance for a broad range of aerospace information systems.
Long Noncoding RNA pancEts-1 Promotes Neuroblastoma Progression through hnRNPK-Mediated β-Catenin Stabilization (2018)

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) play essential roles in tumor progression. However, the functions of lncRNAs in the tumorigenesis and aggressiveness of neuroblastoma still remain to be determined. Here, we report the identification of lncRNA <i>pancEts-1</i> as a novel driver of neuroblastoma progression by using a public microarray dataset. LncRNA <i>pancEts-1</i> promoted the growth, invasion, and metastasis of neuroblastoma cells <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> Mechanistically, <i>pancEts-1</i> bound to hnRNPK to facilitate its physical interaction with β-catenin, whereas hnRNPK stabilized the β-catenin by inhibiting proteasome-mediated degradation, resulting in transcriptional alteration of target genes associated with neuroblastoma progression. Both <i>pancEts-1</i> and <i>hnRNPK</i> were upregulated in clinical neuroblastoma tissues, and were associated with unfavorable outcome of patients. Overall, our results define an oncogenic role of <i>pancEts-1</i> in neuroblastoma progression through hnRNPK-mediated β-catenin stabilization, with potential implications for the clinical therapeutics of neuroblastoma.<b>Significance:</b> These findings reveal the oncogenic functions of a long noncoding RNA in neuroblastoma progression, offering a potential target for clinical therapeutics. <i>Cancer Res; 78(5); 1169-83. ©2018 AACR</i>.
A unified approach to the design of PWM-based sliding-mode voltage controllers for basic DC-DC converters in continuous conduction mode (2006)

This paper presents a simple unified approach to the design of fixed-frequency pulsewidth-modulation-based sliding-mode controllers for dc-dc converters operating in the continuous conduction mode. The design methodology is illustrated on the three primary dc-dc converters: buck, boost, and buck-boost converters. To illustrate the feasibility of the scheme, an experimental prototype of the derived boost controller/converter system is developed. Several tests are performed to validate the functionalities of the system
First Experimental Demonstration of Probabilistic Enumerative Sphere Shaping in Optical Fiber Communications (2019)

We transmit probabilistic enumerative sphere shaped dual-polarization 64-QAM at 350Gbit/s/channel over 1610km SSMF using a short blocklength of 200. A reach increase of 15% over constant composition distribution matching with identical blocklength is demonstrated.
Delivery of MPEG video streams with constant perceptual quality of service (2003)

Constant levels of perceptual quality of service is what ideally users of multimedia services expect. In most cases, however, they receive time-varying levels of quality of service. This paper describes a technique to deliver nearly constant perceptual quality of service when transmitting video sequences over differentiated services IP networks. MPEG video packets are transmitted either as low-loss premium packets or as regular best-effort packets depending on their individual perceptual importance. On a frame-by-frame basis, allocation to the premium class is performed depending on the perceptual importance of each macroblock, the desired level of quality of service and the instantaneous network state. The resulting perceptually-based, time-varying use of premium and best-effort network resources delivers nearly constant quality of service to end users and it yields significant higher PSNR values compared to constant allocation of premium bandwidth.
Geometric comb waveforms for reverberation suppression (2002)

The major problem for sonar systems operating in shallow water is reverberation from the ocean bottom. A new class of waveforms is described which combines high range resolution with excellent Doppler properties for detecting moving targets in stationary reverberation. The waveforms consist of multiple simultaneously transmitted CW tone pulses. The tones are non-uniformly spaced in frequency to break up range ambiguities. A special subclass is the geometric comb in which the frequency spacing between the adjacent components follows a geometric progression. Analytic approximations can be used to obtain the important properties of this class, resulting in a practical design methodology. The resulting waveforms have excellent Doppler properties and an unambiguous high resolution range estimation capability. Techniques for reducing the peak-to-average power ratio are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Flow Cytometric Immunophenotype of Canine Lymph Node Aspirates (2004)

Increasing availability of reagents able to distinguish subtypes of lymphocytes and other leukocytes has enabled greater understanding of lymphocyte biology and pathology in the dog. Lymphocytes in circulation most commonly are subjected to immunophenotypic assessment by flow cytometry, but needle aspirates of lymph nodes can be similarly suitable for immunophenotypic examination. In this investigation, the feasibility of immunophenotyping samples obtained by needle aspiration of lymph nodes from 32 dogs with no physical abnormalities and 6 dogs with lymphoma was determined. In addition, samples from 6 dogs were stored overnight at 4 degrees C and reanalyzed 24 hours later. For each sample, stained smear preparations were examined microscopically for lymphocyte morphology, neoplasia, and the presence of inflammatory cells. Expression of antigens on a corresponding sample of aspirated cells was determined by flow cytometric detection of antibody binding on a minimum of 10,000 events. The distribution of data was determined with Anderson-Darling tests, and reference intervals incorporating the central 95% of values were established. Adequate samples were obtained from 30 of 32 clinically normal dogs. Immunophenotypic results after 24 hours of storage were consistent with those obtained immediately after sampling. Reference intervals for lymphocyte subsets from normal dog lymph nodes were similar to the proportions of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD21+ lymphocytes found in blood. Aspirates of enlarged lymph nodes from dogs with lymphoma were readily classified by this technique. Aspiration of lymph nodes from dogs for comprehensive analysis by flow cytometry is feasible and applicable to immunophenotyping of lymphoma.
[Psychosomatic aspects of idiopathic spasmodic torticollis. Results of a multicenter study]. (1998)

Idiopathic spasmodic torticollis (IST) is one of the most frequent dystonic movement disorders. Its classification as a focal dystonia, as well as its treatment with botulinum toxin resulted in groups of patients being regularly seen by neurologic specialists. In a multicentre study, we investigated psychosocial changes, coping and psychopathology, and their interrelations with signs, symptoms and course. 256 patients were included in the study (59.3% women, 40.7% men). The mean age was 49.1 years. Rotating torticollis occurred more often than latero-retrocollis and antero-retrocollis. A family history of IST was seen in 3.1% of the total sample. 34% of the patients had additional dystonic symptoms. Most frequently, these affected the upper extremities (13%), less often the legs. 19.1% of the patients had experienced a period of complete remission. The General Symptom Index of the SCL 90-R in 27% of the patients ranged above the double standard deviation of the normal controls, indicating a clinically significant psychopathology.
INVESTIGATION OF LASER AND ULTRASONIC RANGING SENSORS FOR MEASUREMENTS OF CITRUS CANOPY VOLUME (2002)

This study compared ultrasonic and laser measurements of citrus canopy volume with manual measurementmethods. Fifteen trees with different canopy heights and volumes were used. Manual and ultrasonic measurements provideddimensions for computing the canopy volume whereas laser measurements gave information that could be used to computea laser canopy volume index. Ultrasonic and laser methods agreed with manual methods (R 2 > 0.85, RMSE < 2.15 m 3 ). Lasershowed better prediction of canopy volume than the ultrasonic system because of the higher resolution. Ultrasonic or lasersensors can be used for automatic mapping and quantification of the canopy volumes of citrus trees.
Structural Health Monitoring Based on Electrical Impedance of a Carbon Nanotube Neuron (2006)

This paper introduces a new sensor design based on a carbon nanotube structural neuron for structural health monitoring applications. The carbon nanotube neuron is a thin and narrow polymer film sensor that is bonded or deposited onto a structure. The electrochemical impedance (resistance and capacitance) of the neuron changes due to deterioration of the structure where the neuron is located. A network of the long carbon nanotube neurons can form a structural neural system to provide large area coverage and an assurance of the operational health of a structure without the need for actuators and complex wave propagation analyses that are used with other SHM methods. The neural system can also reduce the cost of health monitoring by using biomimetic signal processing to minimize the number of channels of data acquisition needed to detect damage. The carbon nanotube neuron is lightweight and easily applied to the structural surface, and there is no stress concentration, no piezoelectrics, no amplifier, and no storage of high frequency waveforms. The carbon nanotube neuron is expected to find applications in detecting damage and corrosion in large complex structures including composite and metallic aircraft and rotorcraft, bridges, and almost any type of structure with almost no penalty to the structure.
Charge-recovery power clock generators for adiabatic logic circuits (2005)

To get maximum energy efficiency from adiabatic logic circuits several charge-recovery power clock generators (PCGs) have been published in recent years. This paper compares and analyzes the performance and energy efficiency of various PCGs in a uniform test environment. The test benches are laid out in a standard 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology and the results are mainly based on post layout simulations.
Identification of editing positions in the<i>ndh</i>B transcript from maize chloroplasts reveals sequence similarities between editing sites of chloroplasts and plant mitochondria (1992)

A comparison of the nucleotide sequences from genomic DNA and cDNA of the ndhB gene from maize chloroplasts shows that the ndhB transcript is edited by C-to-U transitions at six positions which appear to exist as editing sites also in the chloroplast ndhB genes from rice and tobacco but not from liverwort. In order to identify possible sequence determinants necessary for editing, the sequences surrounding the newly identified ndhB and previously identified ndhA editing sites were compared with each other and with editing sites observed in plant mitochondrial transcripts. Among the chloroplast editing sites two closely positioned ndhB sites show similarity by sharing a common octanucleotide. The existence of the identical octanucleotide in the ndhJ gene whose transcript is not edited at the respective position, shows, however, that this octanucleotide is not sufficient to elicit the editing process. On the other hand, several of the chloroplast editing sites show sequence similarities with certain sets of consensus sequences reported earlier for editing sites of plant mitochondria. This supports the view that the editing processes of both plant organelles share common components and/or mechanistic steps and that the consensus sequences are part of the determinants necessary for editing.
Optimal Stop Points for Data Gathering in Sensor Networks with Mobile Sinks (2012)

Given a wireless sensor network (WSN) in which a mobile sink is used to collect data from the sensor nodes, this paper addresses the problem of selecting a set of stop points that results in low energy usage by the sensor nodes. This paper assumes an approach in which a mobile sink travels along a fixed path and uses a stop-and-collect protocol since this has previously been shown to be an efficient WSN data collection method. The problem of selecting an optimal set of stop points is shown to be an NP-hard problem. Then, an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation is used to derive an optimal algorithm that can be used for small problem instances. Next, a polynomial-time Tabu-search-based heuristic algorithm is proposed. Simulations are used to compare the energy consumption values, computation times and expected network lifetimes when using the optimal ILP algorithm, the proposed heuristic algorithm and several other possible heuristic algorithms. The results show that the proposed heuristic algorithm results in near-optimal energy usage values with low computation times, thereby making it suitable for large-sized WSNs.
Laser Forming for Flexible Fabrication (2000)

A 36-month program supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) was conducted to demonstrate the feasibility to predictably laser form a variety of ferrous and non-ferrous metals of different thickness. Laser forming provides a method of producing complex shapes in sheet, plate, and tubing without the use of tooling, molds, or dies. By heating a localized area with a laser beam, it is possible to create stress states that result in predictable deformation. This research program has developed, refined and demonstrated constitutive and empirical, and neural network models to predict deformation as a function of critical parametric variables and established an understanding of the effect of laser forming on some metallurgical properties of materials. The program was organized into two, time-phased tasks. The first task involved forming flat plates to one-dimensional (I -D) shapes, such as, hinge bends in various materials including low-carbon steel, high-strength steels, nickel-based super alloys, and aluminum alloys. The second task expanded the work conducted in the first task to investigate three-dimensional (3-D) configurations. The models were updated, 3-D specimens fabricated and evaluated, and cost benefit analyses were performed.