gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Text-based measures of document diversity (2013)

Quantitative notions of diversity have been explored across a variety of disciplines ranging from conservation biology to economics. However, there has been relatively little work on measuring the diversity of text documents via their content. In this paper we present a text-based framework for quantifying how diverse a document is in terms of its content. The proposed approach learns a topic model over a corpus of documents, and computes a distance matrix between pairs of topics using measures such as topic co-occurrence. These pairwise distance measures are then combined with the distribution of topics within a document to estimate each document's diversity relative to the rest of the corpus. The method provides several advantages over existing methods. It is fully data-driven, requiring only the text from a corpus of documents as input, it produces human-readable explanations, and it can be generalized to score diversity of other entities such as authors, academic departments, or journals. We describe experimental results on several large data sets which suggest that the approach is effective and accurate in quantifying how diverse a document is relative to other documents in a corpus.
Motion-blur-free Camera System Using Multi-exposed Images (2008)

In this paper, we present a motion-blur-free camera system using multi-exposed images. The proposed camera system captures three frames successively from the same scene at long-short-long exposure times. In the proposed system, the high-quality image is obtained by combining the shape information of the object in an under-exposed image captured at the short exposure time and the color information from two blurred images taken at the long exposure time. Simulation results show that the proposed multi-exposure camera system can provide a high-quality image without motion blur.
Waste bark - a furnace fuel? (1974)

The problem of finding an environmentally acceptable and commercially viable method of bark disposal has led to an increasing research effort in recent years. This paper reports on a trial to assess the feasibility of using bark as a furnace fuel.
On Epidemiology and Geographic Information Systems: A Review and Discussion of Future Directions (1996)

Geographic information systems are powerful automated systems for the capture, storage, retrieval, analysis, and display of spatial data. While the systems have been in development for more than 20 years, recent software has made them substantially easier to use for those outside the field. The systems offer new and expanding opportunities for epidemiology because they allow an informed user to choose between options when geographic distributions are part of the problem. Even when used minimally, these systems allow a spatial perspective on disease. Used to their optimum level, as tools for analysis and decision making, they are indeed a new information management vehicle with a rich potential for public health and epidemiology.
Potential use of pathogenic fungi in baits to control the Formosan subterranean termite (Isopt., Rhinotermitidae) (1995)

Abstract A laboratory choice test was developed to assess the efficacy and acceptability of sporulating strains of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin to foraging Formosan subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. Filter paper disks were saturated with agar media and inoculated with either B. bassiana strain 787 or 3041, or M. anisopliae strain 346, 472 or 2162. Filter papers containing eight‐day‐old cultures were rolled into cylinders with the sporulating culture on the inside of the cylinder, and placed in one of two plastic jars, connected by a glass tube. Termites were placed in the other jar (refugia), and allowed to forage throughout both jars. This apparatus simulates the use of a fungal bait for subterranean termite control in the field. Termites did not avoid contact with the fungal baits, and fed upon the agar‐treated filter papers. Exposure to M. anisopliae strains 346 and 2162 resulted in rapid termite mortality while exposure to the B. bassiana strains caused slower, but escalating, mortality. Efficacy of the fungi was not affected by the degree of sterility of the termite tunnelling medium. Living cultures of entomopathogenic fungi hold promise for further development as baits for subterranean termite control.
Modulation of Adhesion Molecule Expression on Rat Cortical Astrocytes During Maturation (1993)

During development of the vertebrate CNS the functional properties of astrocytes change significantly. Many of these functional changes result from modifications in the expression of cell surface adhesion molecules on astrocytes that mediate the interactions of astrocytes with other astrocytes, neurons, and growing axons. In this study we have compared the cell surface expression of HNK-1, NCAM, and laminin on rat cortical type-I-like astrocytes during maturation in vitro and in vivo. Both the proportion of immunoreactive cells and the relative levels of expression of these antigens on different aged astrocyte populations were assayed by flow cytometry. At birth, most cortical type-I astrocytes express high levels of HNK-1 and NCAM, while approximately 50% of the cells express laminin. During maturation in vitro, the proportion of cortical astrocytes that expressed these surface molecules decreased over a period of 28 days, even though cell size and glial fibrillary acidic protein content increased. During maturation in vivo, a qualitatively and temporally similar decrease in antigen expression on astrocytes was observed. This reduction in the expression of specific cell surface molecules on maturing astrocytes results from maturation of a single population of astrocytes and not differential proliferation of a nonexpressing subpopulation of astrocytes, as shown by cell cycle analysis of both immunoreactive and nonimmunoreactive cell populations. These data indicate that during maturation of rat cortical type-I-like astrocytes, the expression of cell surface adhesion molecules is regulated. Furthermore, this regulation appears to be cell autonomous and not dependent on environmental factors. Such regulation of adhesion molecule expression may have profound consequences for the functional properties of astrocytes during CNS maturation.
Legal Responses to the Challenges of Sports Patents (2005)

A METHOD OF PUTTING FEATURES THE GOLFER’S DOMINANT HAND SO THAT THE GOLFER CAN IMPROVE CONTROL OVER PUTTING SPEED AND DIRECTION. THE GOLFER’S NON-DOMINANT HAND STABILIZES THE DOMINANT HAND AND THE ORIENTATION OF THE PUTTER BLADE, BUT DOES NOT OTHERWISE SUBSTANTIALLY INTERFERE WITH THE PUTTING STROKE. IN PARTICULAR, A RIGHT-HANDED GOLFER GRIPS THE PUTTER GRIP WITH THEIR [SIC] RIGHT HAND IN A CONVENTIONAL MANNER SO THAT THE THUMB ON THE RIGHT HAND IS PLACED STRAIGHT DOWN THE TOP SURFACE OF THE PUTTER GRIP. . . . THE GOLFER THEN TAKES A FULL PUTTING STROKE WITH THE ABOVE DESCRIBED GRIP.
Improve Image Annotation by Combining Multiple Models (2007)

Automatic image annotation is a promising methodology for image retrieval. However most current annotation models are not yet sophisticated enough to produce high quality annotations. Given an image, some irrelevant keywords to image contents are produced, which are a primary obstacle to getting high-quality image retrieval. In this paper an approach is proposed to improve automatic image annotation two directions. One is to combine annotation keywords produced by underlying three classic image annotation models of translation model, continuous-space relevance model and multiple Bernoulli relevance models, hoping to increase the number of potential correctly annotated keywords. Another is to remove irrelevant keywords to image semantics based on semantic similarity calculation using WordNet. To verify the proposed hybrid annotation model, we carried out the experiments on the widely used Corel image data set, and the reported experimental results showed that the proposed approach improved image annotation to some extent.
Parameter-Efficient Transfer Learning for NLP (2019)

Fine-tuning large pre-trained models is an effective transfer mechanism in NLP. However, in the presence of many downstream tasks, fine-tuning is parameter inefficient: an entire new model is required for every task. As an alternative, we propose transfer with adapter modules. Adapter modules yield a compact and extensible model; they add only a few trainable parameters per task, and new tasks can be added without revisiting previous ones. The parameters of the original network remain fixed, yielding a high degree of parameter sharing. To demonstrate adapter's effectiveness, we transfer the recently proposed BERT Transformer model to 26 diverse text classification tasks, including the GLUE benchmark. Adapters attain near state-of-the-art performance, whilst adding only a few parameters per task. On GLUE, we attain within 0.4% of the performance of full fine-tuning, adding only 3.6% parameters per task. By contrast, fine-tuning trains 100% of the parameters per task.
The Property and the Vendor Client (1988)

The profession of the auctioneer is one which requires not only the exercise of skill on the rostrum but also the application of knowledge. An oft repeated old adage of working auctioneers is: ‘You are only as good as your last auction.’ How true!
Securing Opensource Code via Static Analysis (2012)

Static code analysis (SCA) is the analysis of computer programs that is performed without actually executing the programs, usually by using an automated tool. SCA has become an integral part of the software development life cycle and one of the first steps to detect and eliminate programming errors early in the software development stage. Although SCA tools are routinely used in proprietary software development environment to ensure software quality, application of such tools to the vast expanse of open source code presents a forbidding albeit interesting challenge, especially when open source code finds its way into commercial software. Although there have been recent efforts in this direction, in this paper, we address this challenge to some extent by applying static analysis on a popular open source project, i.e., Linux kernel, discuss the results of our analysis and based on our analysis, we propose an alternate workflow that can be adopted while incorporating open source software in a commercial software development process. Further, we discuss the benefits and the challenges faced while adopting the proposed alternate workflow.
Caractérisation de bactéries lactiques thermophiles isolées de yaourts artisanaux grecs. I. Souches de <i>Streptococcus salivarius </i>subsp <i>thermophilus</i> (1991)

Vingt souches de Streptococcus salivarius subsp thermophilus isoles de yaourts artisanaux grecs ont t compares sur la base des caractres suivants : acidit titrable, viscosit et quantit d'actaldhyde produites au cours de la croissance dans le lait; vitesse maximale d'acidification, pH et temps auxquels la vitesse d'acidification maximale est observe; activit urasique. Toutes les souches tudies ont une activit urasique et prsentent deux valeurs maximales de la vitesse d'acidification. Les deux derniers paramtres ne sont pas troitement corrls. Cependant,. une bonne corrlation est observe entre chacun de ceux-ci, et le temps pendant lequel les valeurs de la vitesse d'acidification sont suprieures la moiti de la vitesse d'acidification maximale. Les souches tudies ne produisent pas de viscosit notable dans le lait. La quantit d'actaldhyde produite varie entre 2,5 et 6,5 ppm. Aprs conservation 4 oC pendant 21 jours, la quantit d'actal-446 A Zourari et al son of their properties was facilitated by "stsr" graphies presenting ail properties of each strain simultaneously. A significant diversity between properties of different strains was revealed.
Development of the American Merchant Marine (1915)

Welding Ring, Development of the American Merchant Marine, Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science in the City of New York, Vol. 6, No. 1, The American Mercantile Marine (Oct., 1915), pp. 65-73
TH-C-T-6C-04: Estimation of Tumor Dose Enhancement Due to Gold Nanoparticles During Typical Radiation Treatments: A Preliminary Monte Carlo Study (2005)

Purpose: To computationally demonstrate possible tumor dose enhancement due to the use of gold nanoparticles and to provide quantitative estimates of this tumor dose enhancement during typical radiation treatments. Method and Materials: This investigation was conducted with several phantom test cases that simulated typical radiation treatments using orthovoltage x-rays, high energy photon beams from linear accelerators, and gamma rays from a brachytherapy source. Specifically, possible dose enhancement within a tumor loaded with gold nanoparticles was calculated by Monte Carlo calculations when the phantoms were irradiated by 140 kVp x-rays, 4 and 6 MV photon beams, and Ir gamma rays. Based on published mice studies, the current study considered three levels of gold concentration within the tumor: 7, 18, and 30 mg Au / g tumor. The Monte Carlo calculations were performed with the BEAMnrc/DOSXYZnrc code system for the external beam cases and with the MCNP5 code for the Ir cases, respectively. Results: The dose enhancement over the entire tumor volume considered for the 140 kVp x-ray case can be at least a factor of 2 at an achievable gold concentration of 7 mg Au /g tumor. The tumor dose enhancement for the cases involving the 4 and 6 MV photon beams ranged from about 18% to 60%, depending on the amount of gold within the tumor and photon beam qualities. For the Ir cases, the dose enhancement within the tumor region ranged from 5% to 31%, depending on radial distance and gold concentration level. Conclusion: The tumor dose can be enhanced significantly by using gold nanoparticles during typical radiation treatments, assuming that the findings from previous mice studies would be applicable in humans. Conflict of Interest: This investigation was supported in part by PHS Grant No. CA 10953 awarded by the National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services.
Heme and lipid peroxides in hemoglobin-modified low-density lipoprotein mediate cell survival and adaptation to oxidative stress (2003)

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation mediated by a variety of catalysts in atherosclerotic lesions plays a crucial role in the genesis and evolution of atherosclerotic plaques. In this study we focused on oxidative properties of hemoglobin (Hb)-modified LDL because Hb is present in atherosclerotic lesions. Under low oxygen tensions Hb was previously found to modify apolipoprotein B100 with covalent binding of Hb fragments and formation of electronegative LDL particles (LDL-). Here we show that HbLDL is highly susceptible to oxidation, but is not cytotoxic to vascular cells, as was found for LDL- isolated from human plasma. HbLDL and LDL- have similar levels of oxidized lipid products and low uptake rates; however, the virtual absence of HbLDL-induced toxicity depends on a marked adaptive oxidative stress response. This was evidenced by a time- and dose-dependent induction of heme oxygenase (HO-1). Cell survival was significantly decreased in the presence of HO-1 inhibitor, tin protoporphyrin (SnPPIX). HO-1 induction by HbLDL increased resistance of cells to toxic doses of hemin or t-BuOOH. The high sensitivity to oxidation and HO-1 induction was largely dependent on lipid hydroperoxides and heme associated with HbLDL. Reduction of pre-existing lipid peroxides using ebselen delayed HbLDL kinetics and inhibited HO-1 induction. Moreover, heme inactivation or its degradation inhibited HO-1 induction and provided an additive inhibitory effect to ebselen. We conclude that Hb-catalyzed reactions may modulate vascular cell survival and oxidative stress adaptation due to the presence of peroxides and heme, thus providing a possible mechanism for the evolution of atherosclerotic and hemorrhagic lesions.
Highly selective and green aqueous–ionic liquid biphasic hydroxylation of benzene to phenol with hydrogen peroxideThis work was presented at the Green Solvents for Catalysis Meeting held in Bruchsal, Germany 13–16th October 2002. (2003)

With equal molar ratio of benzene and hydrogen peroxide and without any additional volatile organic solvent, a green aqueous–ionic liquid biphasic hydroxylation of benzene to phenol with hydrogen peroxide as oxidant and metal dodecanesulfonate salts such as ferric tri(dodecanesulfonate) as catalyst was conducted with excellent selectivity and enhanced conversion.
Studies of Solvent Dyeing (1981)

To improve the dyeing behavior of disperse dyes using organic solvents with respect to solubility parameter, a series of azo disperse dyes were synthesized from nitro phenylamines and amino anthraquinone by coupling with 2-amino-3-hydroxypyridine. These dyes have low solubility in organic solvents and high affinity for polyethylene terephthalate. The solubility parameter of each azo dye was determined by the Small's group molar constant method, using the determined value of three functional groups: i.e. —NH 2 (aromatic), —NO 2 (aromatic), and —N=N—(aromatic), and also confirmed by the solubility method.
Near infrared spectroscopy in animal science production: principles and applications (2009)

Near infrared (NIR) is one of the techniques belonging to vibrational spectroscopy. Its radiation (750 to 2500nm) interacts with organic matter, and the absorption spectrum is rich in chemical and physical information of organic molecules. In order to extract valuable information on the chemical properties of samples, it is necessary to mathematically process spectral data by chemometric tools. The most important part in the development of an NIR method is building the predicting model generally called calibration. NIR spectroscopy has several advantages over other analytical techniques: rapidity of analysis, no use of chemicals, minimal or no samples preparation, easily applicable in different work environments (on/in/at line applications). On the other hand, NIR spectroscopy has some disadvantages: low ability to predict compounds at low concentration (<0.1%), necessity of accurate analysis as reference, development of calibration models required high trained personnel, need of a large and up-to-date calibration data set (often difficult to obtain), difficulties to transfer calibration among instruments, initial high financial investments. In the feed industry, NIR spectroscopy is used for: feed composition, digestibility (in vivo, in vitro, in situ), traceability assessment (to avoid possible frauds). As far as animal products are concerned, NIR spectroscopy has been used to determine the main composition of meat, milk, fish, cheese, eggs. Furthermore, it was also used to predict some physical properties (tenderness, WHC (Water Holding Capacity), drip loss, colour and pH in meat; coagulation ability in milk; freshness, flavour and other sensorial parameters in cheese). Interesting applications of NIR spectroscopy regard issues like: determination of animal products’ authenticity and the detection of adulteration (in order to prevent frauds), discrimination PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) and PGI (Protected Geographical Indication) from other non traditional products, detect handling aspects (freezing, thawing or fresh). There is a growing interest in the evaluation of animal products’ quality directly on-line to have a continuous control of the production process. Furthermore, new portable instruments are becoming now available, which will allow to easily monitor some processes at the factory (i.e. ripening and ageing of sausages and cheeses).
Direct Electrolytic Reduction of Amorphous SiO<sub>2</sub> Powder Refined from Diatomaceous Earth (2010)

Amorphous SiO 2 powder refined from diatomaceous earth (DESiO 2 ) was pressed into pellets, and the electrolytic reduction of them has been investigated in molten CaCl 2 at 1123 K. The DESiO 2 pellets were successfully reduced to Si by electrolysis at 1.00 and 1.20 V vs. Ca 2+ /Ca. Observations with a scanning electron microscope revealed that the reduced Si has the rodlike nanostructure, and that the reduction rate for the DESiO 2 pellet is higher at more negative electrode potential. Furthermore, the reduction rate for the DESiO 2 pellet is higher than that for the fumedSiO 2 pellet. The high reduction rate of the DESiO 2 pellet and the evolution of rodlike nanostructure are probably derived from its peculiar porous structure. DESiO 2 will be one of the most promising Si sources in the industrialscale electrolytic reduction in both aspects of the reduction rate and the abundance of the resources.
Cell Type-specific Transactivation of the VCAM-1 Promoter through an NF-κB Enhancer Motif (1995)

Cytokine activation of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) gene expression by endothelial cells is an important feature in a variety of vascular inflammatory responses. Cytokines transcriptionally activate the VCAM-1 promoter in endothelial cells at least in part through two closely linked NF-kappa B enhancer motifs, kappa L-kappa R (positions -77 and -63). However, cytokine activation of the dimeric NF-kappa B transcriptional factor (p50+p65 subunits) occurs in almost all cell types, whereas VCAM-1 gene expression exhibits a cell type-specific pattern of expression. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha markedly transactivated a transiently transfected minimal kappa L-kappa R motif-driven VCAM-1 promoter, p85VCAMCAT, in passaged human vascular endothelial cells but not in the human epithelial cell line, HeLa suggesting that cell type-specific factors may function through the kappa L-kappa R motif. Both cell types exhibited similar inductions of NF-kappa DNA binding activity and transcriptional activity. However, co-transfection of HeLa cells with p65 and p50 expression vectors demonstrated that the minimal VCAM-1 promoter was effectively transactivated by p65 alone but that additional co-expression of p50 blocked this activity. Furthermore, cytokine activation of the minimal VCAM-1 promoter in HeLa cells was recovered by inhibition of p50 expression using antisense oligonucleotide. These studies suggest that the NF-kappa B(p50+p65 heterodimer) does not support transactivation of the VCAM-1 promoter with the p50 subunit potentially playing a significant inhibitory role in suppressing cytokine activation of VCAM-1. In addition, p65 associated transcriptional factors other than NF-kappa B may serve as positive, cytokine-inducible, cell type-specific regulators of VCAM-1 gene expression.
Effects of Variable Doses of Permethrin on Heliothis zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Growth and Development (1990)

Heliothis zea (Boddie) larvae reared on artificial diet were treated with permethrin using a topical or dip bioassay at 3, 5, and 7 days post-hatch. Forty-eight-hour survival and weight gain in survivors, percent pupation, and percent adult eclosion were measured in one experiment. Generally, larval weight gain after 48 hours among survivors decreased with increasing dose. A high proportion of individuals surviving after 48 hours went on to pupate and emerge as adults regardless of dose, age, and reduction in growth at 48 hours post-treatment. In a second experiment, pupal and adult weights and development times of larve and pupae were measured after topical treatment of larvae with permethrin. Pupal weights of survivors decreased with increasing dose in all age classes. Adult weights decreased with increasing dose only in the 7-day-old treatment. Development times were protracted with increasing dose in the 5-day-old and 7-day-old treatments, but not the 3-day-old treatment. In both experiments, smaller larvae were more tolerant of permethrin than larger larvae per unit body weight.