gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust Large Margin Deep Neural Networks (2017)

The generalization error of deep neural networks via their classification margin is studied in this paper. Our approach is based on the Jacobian matrix of a deep neural network and can be applied to networks with arbitrary nonlinearities and pooling layers, and to networks with different architectures such as feed forward networks and residual networks. Our analysis leads to the conclusion that a bounded spectral norm of the network's Jacobian matrix in the neighbourhood of the training samples is crucial for a deep neural network of arbitrary depth and width to generalize well. This is a significant improvement over the current bounds in the literature, which imply that the generalization error grows with either the width or the depth of the network. Moreover, it shows that the recently proposed batch normalization and weight normalization reparametrizations enjoy good generalization properties, and leads to a novel network regularizer based on the network's Jacobian matrix. The analysis is supported with experimental results on the MNIST, CIFAR-10, LaRED, and ImageNet datasets.
Application-aware industrial ethernet based on an SDN-supported TDMA approach (2016)

In industrial automation environments, networks providing a reliable and timely data delivery are required. Fulfilling this need, Industrial Ethernet (IE) systems have established as an important networking technology in many application areas. Although there are several IE solutions on the market, all of these systems have notable drawbacks, like limited scalability or the introduction of a Single Point of Failure (SPoF). Therefore, we propose a novel IE system that is based on Software Defined Networking (SDN). Originally meant for data center and IT networks, the SDN concept offers features like central network management functions and a fine-grained traffic control that allows to support many applications with diverse requirements even in the same network. Thereby, SDN is also perfectly suited for complex automation environments. To guarantee RT data transmission as well as scalability and an efficient resource usage, our IE system uses a Medium Access Control (MAC) scheme that is based on a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) mechanism that is extended by simultaneous data transmissions on physically separate links. The enhanced TDMA mechanism is configured by a joint routing and scheduling algorithm that takes application requirements into account. Our theoretical analysis as well as results achieved with a prototype implementation of the system confirm the applicability of our concept in demanding automation environments with applications that require a worst case communication latency below 1 ms.
Non-invasive assessment of tumor hypoxia with the 2-nitroimidazole 18F-EF1 and PET. (1999)

peer reviewed
Design and Analysis of a Segmental Rotor Type 12/8 Switched Reluctance Motor (2014)

In this paper, a novel 12/8 segmental rotor type switched reluctance motor (SRM) is proposed for cooling fan applications. Unlike conventional structures, the rotor of the proposed structure is constructed from a series of discrete segments, and the stator is constructed from two types of stator poles: exciting and auxiliary poles. Moreover, in this structure, short flux paths are taken and no flux reversion exists in the stator. While the auxiliary poles are not wound by the windings, which only provide the flux return path. When compared with the conventional SRM, the proposed structure increases the electrical utilization of the machine and decreases the core losses, which may lead to a higher efficiency. To verify the proposed structure, the finite element method (FEM) and Matlab-Simulink are employed to get the static and dynamic characteristics of the proposed SRM. Finally, a prototype of the proposed motor was tested for characteristic comparisons.
Biologically Active, Synthetic Ion Transporters (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A basic proactive system model for the self-adaptive systems of systems approach (2011)

We describe systems basically composed of simply reactive elements in the intention of representing system's proactive components. Then we introduce the basic proactive system notion and unify those proactive components to organize an auto-adaptive meta-system. The proposed approach allows going up from proactive components to a self-adaptive system thanks to the basic proactive systems.
Ammonolysis of Peptides: A Method of Determining C-Terminal Amino Acids<sup>1,2</sup> (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmmonolysis of Peptides: A Method of Determining C-Terminal Amino Acids1,2Robert Warner Chambers and Frederick H. CarpenterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 6, 1527–1531Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01611a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01611a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views179Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of a New Hydrogel, Based on Guar Gum, for Controlled Drug Release (2008)

Abstract Summary: Guar gum (GG) polymer was crosslinked in order to obtain a new hydrogel. The GG hydrogel has been characterized by means of FT‐IR spectroscopy, the determination of the water content, at different pH values, rheological measurements and in vitro release studies. The GG hydrogel shows a maximum water uptake at acid and basic pH values. The mechanical properties are investigated in order to verify the thixotropic behaviour of the material. In vitro release studies are conducted to evaluate the application of the GG hydrogel as a matrix for controlled drug release.
Photolysis of triarylsulfonium salts in alcohol (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotolysis of triarylsulfonium salts in alcoholJerome W. Knapczyk and William E. McEwenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 8, 2539–2543Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00833a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00833a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views308Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Transmission of endoplasmic reticulum stress and pro-inflammation from tumor cells to myeloid cells (2011)

Metabolic, infectious, and tumor cell-intrinsic noxae can all evoke the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response in tumor cells, which is critical for tumor cell growth and cancer progression. Evidence exists that the ER stress response can drive a proinflammatory program in tumor cells and macrophages but, to our knowledge, a role for the tumor ER stress response in influencing macrophages and inflammation in the tumor microenvironment has not been suggested. Here we show that macrophages cultured in conditioned medium from ER-stressed tumor cells become activated, and themselves undergo ER stress with the up-regulation of Grp78, Gadd34, Chop, and Xbp-1 splicing, suggesting a general activation of the ER stress-signaling pathways. Furthermore, these macrophages recapitulate, amplify and expand the proinflammatory response of tumor cells. We term this phenomenon "transmissible" ER stress. Although neither Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 nor interleukin 6 receptor (IL6R) signaling is involved, a reduction was observed in the transmission of ER stress to TLR4 KO macrophages, consistent with the fact that a second signal through TLR4 combined with exposure to tumor ER stress-conditioned medium results in a faster ER stress response and an enhancement of proinflammatory cytokine production in macrophages. The injection of tumor ER stress-conditioned medium into WT mice elicited a generalized ER stress response in the liver. We suggest that transmissible ER stress is a mechanism through which tumor cells can control myeloid cells by directing them toward a proinflammatory phenotype, thus facilitating tumor progression.
Extremely Conserved ATP- or ADP-dependent Enzymatic System for Nicotinamide Nucleotide Repair (2011)

The reduced forms of NAD and NADP, two major nucleotides playing a central role in metabolism, are continuously damaged by enzymatic or heat-dependent hydration. We report the molecular identification of the eukaryotic dehydratase that repairs these nucleotides and show that this enzyme (Carkd in mammals, YKL151C in yeast) catalyzes the dehydration of the S form of NADHX and NADPHX, at the expense of ATP, which is converted to ADP. Surprisingly, the Escherichia coli homolog, YjeF, a bidomain protein, catalyzes a similar reaction, but using ADP instead of ATP. The latter reaction is ascribable to the C-terminal domain of YjeF. This represents an unprecedented example of orthologous enzymes using either ADP or ATP as phosphoryl donor. We also show that eukaryotic proteins homologous to the N-terminal domain of YjeF (apolipoprotein A-1-binding protein (AIBP) in mammals, YNL200C in yeast) catalyze the epimerization of the S and R forms of NAD(P)HX, thereby allowing, in conjunction with the energy-dependent dehydratase, the repair of both epimers of NAD(P)HX. Both enzymes are very widespread in eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and archaea, which together with the ADP dependence of the dehydratase in some species indicates the ancient origin of this repair system. The reduced forms of NAD and NADP, two major nucleotides playing a central role in metabolism, are continuously damaged by enzymatic or heat-dependent hydration. We report the molecular identification of the eukaryotic dehydratase that repairs these nucleotides and show that this enzyme (Carkd in mammals, YKL151C in yeast) catalyzes the dehydration of the S form of NADHX and NADPHX, at the expense of ATP, which is converted to ADP. Surprisingly, the Escherichia coli homolog, YjeF, a bidomain protein, catalyzes a similar reaction, but using ADP instead of ATP. The latter reaction is ascribable to the C-terminal domain of YjeF. This represents an unprecedented example of orthologous enzymes using either ADP or ATP as phosphoryl donor. We also show that eukaryotic proteins homologous to the N-terminal domain of YjeF (apolipoprotein A-1-binding protein (AIBP) in mammals, YNL200C in yeast) catalyze the epimerization of the S and R forms of NAD(P)HX, thereby allowing, in conjunction with the energy-dependent dehydratase, the repair of both epimers of NAD(P)HX. Both enzymes are very widespread in eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and archaea, which together with the ADP dependence of the dehydratase in some species indicates the ancient origin of this repair system.
Performances and Limits of a Parallel Oscillator for Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalances (2002)

This paper describes a driving circuit for an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) adapted to a wide range of applications. The oscillator is a Miller-type parallel oscillator using an operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). A theoretical study of the oscillating circuit led to the analytical expression of the microbalance frequency as well as to an overestimation of the error on the mass measurement. The reliability of the EQCM was then experimentally verified through electrochemical copper deposition and dissolution. The limit of operation of the EQCM was also investigated, both analytically and experimentally. This work shows that parallel oscillators using few electronic components allow a very reliable EQCM to be obtained for mass measurements on metallic films, even if they are highly damped.
Introduction (2016)

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Use of Fibrin-Based Sealants and Gelatin-Matrix Hemostats in Laparoscopic Liver Surgery (2011)

On the basis of current evidence of using hemostats and sealants in open liver surgery, there is potential of developing these strategies in laparoscopic liver surgery.
Reduction of Sulfonic Acids and Related Organosulfur Compounds with Triphenylphosphine–Iodine System (1983)

Abstract Arenesulfonic acids, their sodium salts, and alkyl arenesulfonates can be reduced readily to the corresponding arenethiols quantitatively by treatment with a mixture of triphenylphosphine and a catalytic amount of iodine, while alkanesulfonic acids, sulfinic acids, disulfides, thiosulfonic testers, and sulfonates are also readily reduced to the corresponding thiols similarly. Upon treatment with a mixture of triphenylphosphine and excess iodine, however, these aliphatic sulfur compounds are converted eventually to the corresponding alkyl iodides. The relative reactivities of these sulfonyl derivatives in the reaction with the triphenylphosphine–iodine system are the following. Aromatic series: ArSO2Cl, ArSO2SAr′&gt;ArSO2H&gt;ArSO3R&gt;ArSO3−HNBu3+ (or PyH+)&gt;ArSO3H&gt;ArSO2SO2Ar&gt;&gt;ArSO2CH2C(CH3)3, ArSO3Ar′. Aliphatic series: RSO2Cl, RSO2SR′, RSO2−HNBu3+&gt;RSO3−HNBu3+&gt;RSSR, RSO2H&gt;RSO3H&gt;RSH&gt;RSO3R′. In these reactions, the arenesulfonic acids bearing electron-donating substituents can be reduced more readily than those having electron-withdrawing substituents.
Preparation and characterization of vanadium oxides on carbon fiber paper as electrodes for pseudocapacitors (2013)

Supercapacitors are important electrochemical energy storage devices for microelectronic and telecommunication systems, electric cars, and smart grids. However, the energy densities of existing supercapacitors are still inadequate for many applications. Vanadium oxides have been studied as viable supercapacitor alternatives, with varying results. Methods are often complicated or time-consuming, and electrode fabrication often includes carbon powder and binder. The objective of this work was to study the effect of processing conditions on specific capacitance of supercapacitors based on vanadium oxides coated on carbon fiber papers. \n\nThis study was conducted to form easily-fabricated compounds of vanadium oxides which could offer promise as pseudocapacitor material, and to nucleate these compounds directly onto inexpensive carbon fiber without binder. The incipient wetness impregnation technique was used to fabricate the electrodes. Electrochemical performance of the resulting electrodes was tested in a Swagelok-type electrochemical two-electrode cell, and the electrodes were characterized by XRD and SEM. Interesting nanofeatures were formed and the vanadium oxides exhibited pseudocapacitance at a respectable level.
Nuclear analogs of β-lactam antibiotics. VII. Synthesis of 2-isocephems (1977)

The synthesis of 7-β-phenoxyacetamido-3-methyl-Δ 3 -2-isocephem-4-carboxylic acid 14b and its corresponding α-sulfoxide 15 and sulfone 17 is described. Treatment of the bismesylates 4a, 4b, and 10 with hydrogen sulfide triethylamine gave the corresponding 7-β-amino-Δ 3 -2-isocephems 12a–c which were coupled with phenoxyacetic acid to yield the amides 13a–c. Hydrogenolysis of 13b and c gave the acids 14a–b which were active as antibiotics. Compound 14b was oxidized to its sulfoxide 15 with sodium metaperiodate and to its sulfone 17 with m-chloroperbenzoic acid. Conversion of 13c to its sulfoxide 16b followed by halogenation gave the 1α-chloro sulfoxide 18 which was converted to the acid 19. The stereochemical assignments in the 2-isocephem series are discussed.
Biology of the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Tumor Suppressor (2000)

The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene was first identified as the gene mutated in an inherited syndrome of colon cancer predisposition known as familial adenomatous polyposis coli (FAP). Mutation of APC is also found in 80% of all colorectal adenomas and carcinomas and is one of the earliest mutations in colon cancer progression. Similar to other tumor suppressor genes, both APC alleles are inactivated by mutation in colon tumors, resulting in the loss of full-length protein in tumor cells. The functional significance of altering APC is the dysregulation of several physiologic processes that govern colonic epithelial cell homeostasis, which include cell cycle progression, migration, differentiation, and apoptosis. Roles for APC in some of these processes are in large part attributable to its ability to regulate cytosolic levels of the signaling molecule beta-catenin and to affect the transcriptional profile in cells. This article summarizes numerous genetic, biochemical, and cell biologic studies on the mechanisms of APC-mediated tumor suppression. Mouse models of FAP, in which the APC gene has been genetically inactivated, have been particularly useful in testing therapeutic and chemopreventive strategies. These data have significant implications for colorectal cancer treatment approaches as well as for understanding other disease genes and cancers of other tissue types.
Experimental and Thermodynamic Modeling of the MnO-SiO<sub>2</sub>-TiO<sub>2</sub>-Ti<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> System (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Real-time MALDI for TOF MS analysis of biological aerosols and contaminated paper dust with the BioSparQ™ detector (2010)

A bioaerosol detector based upon single particle MALDI TOF MS, BiosparQ™, is described. The functioning of the system is illustrated by an example for a civil and a military context. In the civil context a particulate paper sample, spiked with Bacillus atropheus spores, is successfully analysed. The paper sample is a representative sample for dust collected at post sorting machines. In a military context a demonstrator of the system is evaluated in a bio-aerosol test chamber. In the chamber the detector is exposed to the type of challenges as can be expected in realistic field trials. The result show the single particle approach offers the possibility to detect biological agents in a complex biological background.
Robust classification and tracking of vehicles in traffic video streams (2006)

The widespread use of cameras for traffic monitoring coupled with the availability of robust tracking algorithms has led to volumes of data. It is necessary to process this data for higher level tasks. One of these processing tasks is vehicle type classification, which can be used in a query based management system. This paper presents a tracking system with the ability to classify vehicles into three classes {sedan, semi, truck+SUV+van}. This system was developed after comparing classification schemes using both vehicle images and measurements. The most accurate of these learned classifiers was integrated into tracking software. This merging of classification and tracking greatly improved the accuracy on low resolution traffic video
Propagation and Primary Isolation of Mumps Virus in Tissue Culture. (1955)

SummaryStrains of mumps virus, which had been isolated in the chick embryo and maintained by up to 6 serial amniotic passages, were readily passed in series in cultures of human cancer cells (strain HeLa) and of monkey kidney epithelium. The lesions observed were dominantly cytolytic in nature. Primary isolations of mumps virus from the saliva of patients with acute parotitis have been achieved in both types of cultures with an efficiency and speed not matched by the chick embryo technic.
Resource Allocation for NOMA based Heterogeneous IoT with Imperfect SIC: A Deep Learning Method (2018)

In this paper, an energy efficient resource allocation (RA) problem is introduced for a NOMA based heterogeneous IoT. Particularly, the successive interference cancelation (SIC) is assumed imperfect for implementations. Accordingly, a stepwise scheme is presented with the mutual interference management. Specifically, a deep learning based algorithm is proposed to solve the problem optimally and rapidly. The simulation results verify that the proposed RA scheme provides the optimal results for the NOMA based heterogeneous IoT with fast convergence and low computational complexity. Compared with the OFDMA scheme, the NOMA based scheme yields better performance on the spectrum efficiency (SE) and the scale of connectivity, at the cost of high power consumption and low energy efficiency (EE).
Pyrimidine Type Enzyme Inhibitors: I. Design of Active Pyrimidines of Virostatic Value (1970)

Alkenyl groups were attached to heterocyclic nitrogens of uracil ring assuming that the adjacent carbonyl groups might potentiate their (Nitrogen atoms) inductive effect to an extent enough to polarise the unsaturated double bond. The resulting N-alkenyl uracil derivatives react at room temperature with mercapto ethanol in an anti- Markownikoff’s manner yielding abnormal thioethers. The increased reactivity of the alkenyl group of the uracil compounds towards the SH group of mercapto ethanol led to the examination of their effect on the SH enzyme alcohol-dehydrogenase activity. Results with the virostatic l-allyl-3,5-di-ethyl-6-chlorouracil (Acluracil®) have now shown that it inhibits the enzyme activity to ∼70% at concentration of 2.98 ×10-3 mol/l; the 50% inhibition being achieved at 1.14×10-3 mol/l of the inhibitor concentration. Despite the fact that in vitro the alkenyluracils react with SH groups and the enzyme alcohol-dehydrogenase being an SH enzyme, the present studies do not afford evidence for the involvement of the prosthetic or other sulfhydryl groups of the enzyme protein in inhibition of the enzyme activity.