gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning to Personalize in Appearance-Based Gaze Tracking (2019)

Personal variations severely limit the performance of appearance-based gaze tracking. Adapting to these variations using standard neural network model-adaption methods is difficult. The problems range from overfitting, due to small amounts of training data, to underfitting, due to restrictive model architectures. We tackle these problems by introducing SPatial Adaptive GaZe Estimator (SPAZE ). By modeling personal variations as a low-dimensional latent parameter space, SPAZE provides just enough adaptability to capture the range of personal variations without being prone to overfitting. Calibrating SPAZE for a new person reduces to solving a small and simple optimization problem. SPAZE achieves an error of 2.70 degrees on the MPIIGaze dataset, improving on the state-of-the-art by 14 %. We contribute to gaze tracking research by empirically showing that personal variations are well-modeled as a 3-dimensional latent parameter space for each eye. We show that this low-dimensionality is expected by examining model-based approaches to gaze tracking.
Excitonic transitions in strained-layer<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">In</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ga</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>As/InP quantum wells (1989)

A study of the excitonic transitions in pseudomorphic quantum wells of ${\mathrm{In}}_{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$As grown intentionally non-lattice-matched on InP is presented. Photoluminescence and photocurrent excitation techniques were employed to monitor the optical transition energies. A model based on phenomenological deformation-potential theory, which includes nonlinear strain, band nonparabolicity, and strain-induced valence-band mixing terms, is used to calculate the optical transition energies. Good agreement with the experimental data over a wide range of strain is obtained for the first time.
Isolation of lysosomes from brain tissue. A separation method by means of alteration of mitochondrial and synaptosomal sedimentation properties (1979)

1. A crude mitochondrial-lysosomal preparation from brain tissue was layered on a sucrose gradient containing 20mm-succinate, 10mm-Tris and 1mm-disodium EDTA at pH7.4. The lysosomes were separated from the mitochondria and synaptosomes by means of a twosteps centrifugation procedure. In a first low-speed step (40min at 5300g at 15 degrees C) the sedimentation rate of mitochondria and mitochondria-containing synaptosomes was enlarged due to passage of these subcellular structures through the sucrose gradient with the above-mentioned chemicals (called ;chemical field'). That part of the gradient which contained the mitochondria and synaptosomes was removed and substituted by a gradient suitable for isopycnic isolation of lysosomes in a second centrifugation step. The achieved purification for bovine brain lysosomes was 5-8-fold, for rat brain lysosomes 7-10-fold, over the homogenate. 2. The enlargement of the sedimentation rate of mitochondria and synaptosomes was brought about by the presence of succinate, but also by one of the following salts in the chemical field: malonate, fumarate, pyruvate, phosphate and chloride. 3. Comparison of the chemical-field method with other methods for the isolation of lysosomes showed that (a) with the chemical-field method a 2-3-times higher purification of the rat and bovine brain lysosomal fraction can be achieved than with the procedure described by Koenig, Gaines, McDonald, Gray & Scott [(1964) J. Neurochem.11, 729-743], and that (b) similar purification results for rat liver lysosomes were obtained when the chemical-field method and the procedure described by van Dijk, Roholl, Reijngoud & Tager [(1976) FEBS Lett.62, 177-181] were compared.
Naphthenate Scale Formation – Examination of Molecular Controls in Idealised Systems (2003)

Abstract The formation of calcium naphthenate precipitates and emulsions during oil production is becoming an increasing problem to the oil industry. Naphthenic acids, R-CO2H, are present in many crude oils and the hydrophilic nature of the carboxylic acid group means that they congregate at the oil-water interface. As the pressure drops during production and carbon dioxide is lost from solution, the pH of the brine increases, which in turn leads to dissociation of the naphthenic acid (RCO2H –&gt; RCO2–). The naphthenates can then act as natural surfactants leading either to stabilised emulsions or solid deposits following complexation with calcium cations present in the aqueous phase. The naphthenate deposits collect predominantly in oil / water separators and de-salters but can also deposit in the tubing and pipelines. This study has looked at a variety of conditions to determine when certain carboxylic acids will form naphthenate deposits under idealised laboratory conditions. A range of naphthenic acids of different molecular structure were dissolved in an organic phase (toluene) and mixed with synthetic brines containing a range of calcium concentrations typical of oilfield production waters. These tests have determined that as the size of straight chain carboxylic acids increases so does the amount of naphthenate deposit. Increases in brine pH also increased the amount of deposit. However, the effects of changes in calcium concentration and molecular structure on the formation of naphthenate deposits were more difficult to quantify. The work assists in increasing our understanding of the factors controlling the precipitation of naphthenate solids under controlled conditions and forms the basis for future studies in real oilfield fluids.
Measuring PET scanner sensitivity: relating countrates to image signal-to-noise ratios using noise equivalents counts (1990)

True coincidence count (TCC) and noise equivalent count (NEC) curves were measured with a standardized 20-cm-diameter nylon cylinder for five different CTI/Siemens PET (positron emission tomography) scanners with several scanner-collimator combinations: (1) 831/08-12 with 1-mm collimator septa; (2) 933/08-12 and 933/08-16 with 3 to 1-mm tapered collimator septa; and (3) 931/08-12 with 3 to 1-mm tapered and a 1-mm collimator septa and the 931/08-16 with 3 to 1-mm tapered collimator septa. In addition, TCC and NEC curves on the 933/08-12 were compared with those from an Alderson brain phantom. In general, it is found that the TCC curves indicated peak count rates and activity levels that were as much as 50% higher than the corresponding values from NEC curves. The primary factor causing this difference is the noise effect of the randoms component. It is demonstrated that, compared to the Alderson brain phantom, the standard 20-cm cylinder is a poor predictor of count rate performance for PET brain imaging.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Endogenous Digitalis-Like Activity in the Newborn (1993)

Elevated levels of endogenous digoxin-like immunoreactivity have been reported in the body fluids of premature and full-term infants as well as in term pregnancy, in the amniotic fluid, and in human milk. Several lines of evidence suggest that these factors could also have biological properties in common with digitalis: i.e., they could represent truly endogenous digitalis-like factor(s). In recent years we succeeded in partially purifying this factor from umbilical cord blood, which represents an easily available source of this factor. The inhibitory activity of this factor on 86Rb uptake could be neutralized by antidigoxin antibodies (Fab fragments) and provided, for the first time, direct evidence of an association between digoxin-like immunoreactivity and biological digitalis-like activity. In addition, these antibodies could be used for immunoaffine chromatography as a purification step before separation by high-performance liquid chromatography. Preliminary experiments suggest that this endogenous compound has both a tissue and an isoenzyme selectivity and is not a well-known steroid (testosterone, progesterone, 17-OH progesterone, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and estradiol).
Comparative Genomics of<i>esx</i>Genes from Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Provides Evidence for Gene Conversion and Epitope Variation (2011)

The 23-membered Esx protein family is involved in the host-pathogen interactions of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These secreted proteins are among the most immunodominant antigens recognized by the human immune system and have thus been used to develop vaccines and immunodiagnostic tests for tuberculosis (TB). Gene pairs for 10 Esx proteins are contained in the ESX-1 to ESX-5 loci, encoding type VII secretion systems. A subset of Esx proteins can be further classified into the Mtb9.9, QILSS, and TB10.4 subfamilies. To survey genetic diversity in the Esx family and its potential for antigenic variation, we sequenced all esx genes from 108 clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis from different clades by using a targeted approach. A total of 109 unique single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were observed, and 59 of these were nonsynonymous. Some of the resultant amino acid substitutions affect known Esx epitopes, including two in the EsxB (CFP-10) and EsxH (TB10.4) antigens. Assessment of the SNP distribution across the Esx proteins revealed high genetic variability, especially in the Mtb9.9 and QILSS subfamilies, and more conservation in the ESX-1 to ESX-4 loci. Comparison of the DNA sequences of variable esx genes provided clear evidence for recombination events between different genes in the same strain, some of which are predicted to truncate the corresponding protein. Many of these polymorphisms escape detection by ultrahigh-throughput sequencing using short sequence reads, as such approaches cannot distinguish between closely related genes. The esx gene family is dynamic, and sequence changes likely lead to immune variation.
Architectural mismatch: why reuse is so hard (1995)

Why isn't there more progress toward building systems from existing parts? One answer is that the assumptions of the parts about their intended environment are implicit and either don't match the actual environment or conflict with those of other parts. The authors explore these problems in the context of their own experience with a compositional approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
GMR Magnetic Sensor Arrays for NDE Eddy-Current Testing (2003)

Magnetic sensors based on Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) and Spin‐Dependent Tunneling (SDT) effects have high, frequency‐independent sensitivity. The small size and low power consumption of these sensors allow them to be used in multiple‐sensor arrays facilitating rapid scanning of an area in a single pass rather than raster scanning. This paper discusses the use of GMR and SDT sensors in NDE testing of surface cracks and features, deep cracks, and hole‐edge cracks as well as progress in X‐Y GMR sensors and multiple‐sensor arrays.
Two-axis control of a coupled quantum dot - donor qubit in Si-MOS (2017)

Abstract not provided.
Inflammatory bowel disease: potential therapeutic strategies. (1997)

This review deals with potential and possibly primary therapeutics that, through insight into the inflammatory cascade, result in more rational treatment principles replacing the classical therapy of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), i.e. Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). These new therapies might be useful for IBD patients, especially since the 'classical therapy' with agents like glucocorticoids, sulfasalazine, mesalazine, azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, cyclosporin and methotrexate is often only moderately effective and may have important side-effects. Controlled trials of the novel agents mentioned in this review have not yet been performed, however.
Electrical design of signal lines for multilayer printed circuit boards (1988)

Key aspects of the electrical design of signal lines for multilayer printed circuit boards used in computers are examined. Illustrative calculations are carried out for several signal-line configurations, and associated means are presented for selecting design trade-offs regarding cross talk and skin-effect-induced delay.
Free Radical and Cytotoxic Effects of Chelators and Their Iron Complexes in the Hepatocyte (1987)

In a comparative screening study of chelators intended for clinical use eleven iron chelators have been tested for their ability to mobilize (59Fe) iron from 59Fe-labelled ferritin and from hepatocytes of rats labelled with 59Fe-transferrin. The toxic effects of the chelators were also studied using microsomal lipid peroxidation induced by Fe3+/ADP and NADPH. From these tests it was shown that 1,2-dimethyl 3-hydroxypyrid-4-one (L1) and mimosine were the most effective iron chelators in iron mobilization and did not catalyse lipid peroxidation. In conclusion it can be stated that besides to investigate the iron binding capacity of new chelators also their ability to catalyse lipid peroxidation has to be ruled out.
Confident Multi-Owner File Partaking For Vibrant Units in the Cloud (2014)

Cloud computing is an evolving computing archetype in which resources of the computing infrastructure are delivered as services above the Internet. As auspicious as it is, this archetype also conveys forth many new disputes for safekeeping the data and access control when users trustworthy against untrusted servers, prevailing solutions usually apply cryptographic methods by revealing data decoding keys only to authoritative users. One of the biggest concerns with cloud data storage is that of data reliability verification at untrusted servers. To conserve data privacy, a crucial solution is to encode data files, and then upload the encoded data into the cloud. To tenacity this problem newly the best efficient method MONA presented for secured multi owner data sharing in however we identified some drawbacks in the same approach in terms of reliability and accessibility. Hence in this paper we are further outspreading the basic MONA by adding the reliability as well as improving the scalability by increasing the number of group managers vibrantly.
Bio-electrospraying and droplet-based microfluidics: control of cell numbers within living residues (2010)

Bio-electrospraying (BES) has demonstrated great promise as a rapidly evolving strategy for tissue engineering and regenerative biology/medicine. Since its discovery in 2005, many studies have confirmed that cells (immortalized, primary and stem cells) and whole organisms (Danio rerio, Xenopus tropicalis, Caenorhabditis elegans to Drosophila) remain viable post-bio-electrospraying. Although this bio-protocol has achieved much, it suffers from one crucial problem, namely the ability to precisely control the number of cells within droplets and or encapsulations. If overcome, BES has the potential to become a high-efficiency biotechnique for controlled cell encapsulation, a technique most useful for a wide range of applications in biology and medicine ranging from the forming of three-dimensional cultures to an approach for treating diseases such as type I diabetes. In this communication, we address this issue by demonstrating the coupling of BES with droplet-based microfluidics for controlling live cell numbers within droplets and residues.
Highly Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Aromatic‐Heteroaromatic Ketones. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
<scp>TRPM</scp>8 has a key role in experimental colitis‐induced visceral hyperalgesia in mice (2014)

Increased expression of TRPM8 may contribute to the visceral hyperalgesia of experimental colitis.
Expression of <i>Cdx‐2</i> in the mouse embryo and placenta: Possible role in patterning of the extra‐embryonic membranes (1995)

Three mouse homologues of the Drosophila homeotic gene Caudal (Cad) have been described. They are currently designated Cdx-1, Cdx-2, and Cdx-4. Cdx-1 and 2 are both strongly expressed in the adult mid- and hindgut, while Cdx-1 and 4 have been shown to be activated in the embryonic primitive streak. Using a polyclonal antibody against a fusion protein containing the amino terminal 109 amino acids of murine Cdx-2, we here describe the topographical location of the gene product from early cleavage to 12.5 days of embryonic development. Cdx-2 expression begins at 3.5 days and is confined to the trophectoderm, being absent from the inner cell mass. Subsequently, staining is located in the extra-embryonic ectoderm adjacent to the epiblast, but sparing the more superficially placed polar, as well as the mural trophoblastic cells. Continuing expression in the fetal membranes involves the chorion, the allantoic bud, and, at even later stages, the spongiotrophoblast. From 8.5 days, Cdx-2 begins to be expressed in embryonic tissues, principally (unlike Cdx-1) in the posterior part of the gut from its earliest formation, as well as in the tail bud and in the caudal part of the neural tube. Cdx-2 is, therefore, transcribed well before any other membrane of the Cad homologue group and of the related Hox-C group; its expression in the extra-embryonic membranes and in the hindgut reflects the phylogenetic relationship between the cloaca and the chorio-allantois and suggests the possibility that homeobox genes may be involved in placental development and/or patterning.
Channel selection strategy for channel hopping in CDPD systems (2002)

Cellular digital packet data (CDPD) is a secondary packet-switched data service which uses radio channels from advanced mobile phone standard (AMPS) cellular networks. The CDPD service is completely invisible to the AMPS service which maintains priority. A large portion of the capacity of the AMPS system goes unused due to the necessity of providing low blockage rates to its customers. This unused capacity can be used for packet data transmissions which yield to voice traffic when necessary. The length of time that a CDPD transmission can occupy a channel is greatly influenced by the channel assignment strategies of both the AMPS and the CDPD systems. This paper investigates these channel assignment strategies and their effect-on the CDPD channel holding times. These times are then compared to the optimum channel holding time attainable when the CDPD and AMPS networks use the cooperative strategy during which they communicate with each other. It is shown that if the right strategy is chosen, channel holding times equal to those of the cooperative case can be attained without the need of communication between the two systems.
Multiple Fates of L1 Retrotransposition Intermediates in Cultured Human Cells (2005)

LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposons comprise approximately 17% of human DNA, yet little is known about L1 integration. Here, we characterized 100 retrotransposition events in HeLa cells and show that distinct DNA repair pathways can resolve L1 cDNA retrotransposition intermediates. L1 cDNA resolution can lead to various forms of genetic instability including the generation of chimeric L1s, intrachromosomal deletions, intrachromosomal duplications, and intra-L1 rearrangements as well as a possible interchromosomal translocation. The L1 retrotransposition machinery also can mobilize U6 snRNA to new genomic locations, increasing the repertoire of noncoding RNAs that are mobilized by L1s. Finally, we have determined that the L1 reverse transcriptase can faithfully replicate its own transcript and has a base misincorporation error rate of approximately 1/7,000 bases. These data indicate that L1 retrotransposition in transformed human cells can lead to a variety of genomic rearrangements and suggest that host processes act to restrict L1 integration in cultured human cells. Indeed, the initial steps in L1 retrotransposition may define a host/parasite battleground that serves to limit the number of active L1s in the genome.
The prevalence of heart failure and asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction in a typical regional pacemaker population (2003)

Heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction is common in the paced population. Only a minority of these had a pre-existing diagnosis and a smaller proportion were on 'optimal' therapy. Echocardiographic screening of this high-risk population is justified to improve rates of diagnosis and treatment of heart failure.
High-Performance Light-Emitting Diodes Encapsulated with Silica-Filled Epoxy Materials (2013)

Packaging materials have a great impact on the performance and reliability of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). In this study, we have prepared high performance LED devices through encapsulating LEDs by epoxy materials incorporated with filler powders. A set of evaluation methods have also been established to characterize the reliability of LED devices. No delamination or internal cracking between packaging materials and lead frames has been found for the encapsulated high performance LED devices after the package saturation with moisture and subsequent exposure to high-temperature solder reflow and thermal cycling. Four kinds of inorganic silica fillers, namely, quartz, fused silica, cristobalite, and spherical silica, and one kind of organic filler, that is, spherical silicone powder, were incorporated into the epoxy packaging materials to compare their effects on performance of LED devices. The properties of epoxy packaging materials and LED devices were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermomechanical analyzer (TMA), ultravioletvisible spectrophotometer (UV-vis), scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Except the spherical silicone powder filled epoxy materials, all the other filled systems showed lower equilibrium water sorption content and smaller water diffusion coefficient in both water sorption and moisture sorption tests. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) values were also decreased with the addition of fillers, and the systems filled with quartz, fused, and filled with spherical silica gave the best performance, which exhibited the reduced CTE values both below and above Tg. The results of TGA essentially showed no difference between filled and unfilled systems. The glass transition temperature changed little for all the filled systems, except the one incorporated with spherical silicone. The modulus at room temperature increased with the addition of fillers. The light transmittance of filled epoxy materials varied with fillers after UV and thermal aging.