gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic and prognostic significance of serum apolipoprotein C-I in triple-negative breast cancer based on mass spectrometry (2016)

Women with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) have poor prognosis because of the aggressive nature of the tumor, delayed diagnosis and non-specific symptoms in the early stages. Identification of novel specific TNBC serum biomarkers for screening and therapeutic purposes therefore remains an urgent clinical requirement.We obtained serum samples from a total of 380 recruited individuals split into mining and testing sets, with the aim of screening for reliable protein biomarkers from TNBC and non-TNBC (NTNBC) sera. Samples were assessed using mass spectrometry, followed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC), survival and hazard function curve as well as multivariate Cox regression analyses to ascertain the potential of the protein constituents as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for TNBC.We identified upregulated apolipoprotein C-I (apoC-I) with a validated positive effect on TNBC tumorigenesis, with confirmation in an independent test set and minimization of systematic bias by pre-analytical parameters. The apoC-I protein had superior diagnostic ability in distinguishing between TNBC and NTNBC cases. Moreover, the protein presented a more robust potential prognostic factor for TNBC than NTNBC. The apoC-I protein identified in this study presents an effective novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for TNBC, indicating that measurement of the peak intensity at 7785 Da in serum samples could facilitate improved early detection and estimation of postoperative survival prognosis for TNBC.
National Food Safety Standards Related to Microbiological Contaminants in China: Recent Progress and Challenges (2021)

Contamination of food by pathogenic microorganisms is considered to be the most important food safety issue in China. As important options of risk management, the National Food Safety Standards (NFSSs), including the criteria related to microbial pathogens, have been continuously revised over the past 10 years as required by China's Food Safety Law. This article presents an overview of current structure and roles of China's NFSSs related to microbiological contaminants throughout the whole food chain including microbiological criteria, codes of practice, and laboratory analytical methods. In addition, discussed are such challenges as the new microbiological requirements as a result of changes in eating habits and new knowledge discovered for foodborne diseases, coordination of risk surveillance, microbiological risk assessment (MRA), and development of standards, as well as the evolution of analytical technology. Future revision of NFSSs related to microbiological contaminants shall rely more on risk-based evidences from MRA and focus more on process control than mere inspections of end-product.
(<i>R</i>)- and (<i>S</i>)-4-TIPS-3-butyn-2-ol. Useful Precursors of Chiral Allenylzinc and Indium Reagents (2006)

A convenient route to the enantiomers of 4-TIPS-3-butyn-2-ol of >95% enantiomeric purity by reduction of the ynone precursor 4 with the Noyori N-tosyl-1,2-diphenylethylenediamineruthenium cymene catalyst is described. The mesylate derivative of the (S) enantiomer (1c) is converted in situ to an allenylzinc or indium reagent in the presence of a catalyst derived from Pd(OAc)2 and Ph3P and either Et2Zn or InI. A second in situ addition of these reagents to aldehydes leads to anti homopropargylic alcohol adducts. The additions proceed in generally high (60-90%) yield with modest to excellent diastereoselectivity and high enantioselectivity. Only slight mismatching (<5%) is observed with chiral alpha-methyl and alpha-silyloxy aldehydes. Additions to alpha-substituted enals are highly diastereoselective, while beta,beta-disubstituted enals afford ca. 2:1 mixtures of anti and syn adducts.
Introduction to GPU Programming with GLSL (2009)

One of the challenging advents in computer science in recent years was the fast evolution of parallel processors, specially the GPU - graphics processing unit. GPUs today play a major role in many computational environments, most notably those regarding real-time graphics applications, such as games. The digital game industry is one of the main driving forces behind GPUs, it persistently elevates the state-of-art in computer graphics, pushing outstanding realistic scenes to interactive levels. The evolution of photo realistic scenes consequently demands better graphics cards from the hardware industry. Over the last decade, the hardware has not only become a hundred times more powerful, but has also become increasingly customizable allowing programmers to alter some of previously fixed functionalities. This tutorial is an introduction to GPU programming using the OpenGL shading language - GLSL. It comprises an overview of graphics concepts and a walk-through the graphics card rendering pipeline. A thorough understanding of the graphics pipeline is extremely important when designing a program in GPU, known as a shader. Throughout this tutorial, the exposition of the GLSL language and GPU programming details are followed closely by examples ranging from very simple to more practical applications. It is aimed at an audience with no or little knowledge on the subject.
A framework for validating recognized results in understanding table-form document images (2002)

We address the knowledge representation for understanding table-form documents. In particular, we focus on the knowledge for establishing the correctness of recognized results in addition to the traditional syntactic/constructive-oriented understanding framework. In order to attain to this subject, we introduce the semantic information to specify domains and relationships among individual items definitely, which is complementary to the syntactic/constructive information available in the traditional framework.
A Diode Laser-Based Singlet Oxygen Monitor for Photodynamic Therapy; in- vitro and in- vivo Studies (2006)

Singlet oxygen is believed to be the active species in photodynamic therapy. We describe a real-time singlet oxygen monitor and its application to in-vivo studies on tumor-loaded rats and healthy human skin with ALA photosensitizer.
Cellulose Acetate Impressions of the Ocular Surface (1983)

Cellulose acetate impressions of the ocular surface were obtained for normal eyes, eyes with blepharoconjunctivitis, eyes with keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and eyes with primary ocular surface disease. Normal eyes and eyes with blepharoconjunctivitis had morphologically normal epithelium and goblet cells on the bulbar and palpebral ocular surfaces. Eyes with primary ocular surface disease had abnormal ocular surface impressions (decreased, abnormal, or absent goblet cells with abnormal epithelial cells) on both the bulbar and palpebral ocular surfaces. Conversely, eyes with keratoconjunctivitis sicca had substantial abnormalities of the epithelium and goblet cells only on the bulbar ocular surface, suggesting an environmental role in this disease process.
Orientation lightmaps for photon tracing in complex environments (2002)

We present a method that makes the use of photon tracing methods feasible for complex scenes when a totally accurate solution is not essential. This is accomplished by using orientation lightmaps, which average the illumination of complex objects depending on the surface normal. Through this averaging, they considerably reduce the variance of the stochastic solution. In order to use these specialised lightmaps, which consume comparatively small amounts of memory, no changes have to be made to the basic photon tracing algorithm. Also, they can be freely mixed with normal lightmaps. This gives the user good control over the amount of inaccuracy he introduces by their application. The area computations necessary for their insertion are performed using a stochastic sampling method that performs well for highly complex objects.
A Ta<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf> solid-electrolyte switch with improved reliability (2007)

We present a novel solid-electrolyte switch ("NanoBridge") promising for application to field programmable gate array (FPGA). We replace a former solid electrolyte of Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> S with Ta <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> , which has a Si-process compatibility, . As a result, we successfully control the turn-on voltage to adapt to CMOS operation. The Ta <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> -NanoBridge exhibits a high reliability of cycling endurance (>10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> ) and a stability against EM (>10 years at 2.6 mA at RT). Furthermore, we demonstrate that the conducting path of the switch is a Cu precipitate with 30 nm in diameter, which possibly enables to scale down the switch.
Hochdruckflüssigkeitschromatographie (HPLC) von Proteinen (1986)

In den letzten Jahren hat die Hochdruckflüssigkeitschromatographie (high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC) von Proteinen einen geradezu dramatischen Aufschwung genommen. Sie ergänzt heute mit einer Vielzahl von Varianten das dem Proteinchemiker zur Verfügung stehende Repertoire an leistungsfähigen Trennmethoden, bei dem auf dem analytischen Sektor vorher elektrophoretische Verfahren dominierten. Zudem beschert die Gentechnik der Proteinbiochemie gegenwärtig eine Renaissance. Dabei sind neue analytische und präparative Trennprobleme aufgetaucht, zu deren Lösung sich HPLC-Verfahren ideal eignen. Die HPLC ist längst keine reine Laboratoriumsmethode mehr, es werden inzwischen auch technische HPLC-Systeme zur Trennung von Proteinen—vor allem solchen von hohem pharmazeutischem Interesse — im 100g—Maßstab entwickelt. An zwei Beispielen aus der pharmazeutisch-chemischen Praxis — Insulin und Interleukin 2 — soll die Anwendungsbreite der analytischen und präparativen HPLC demonstriert werden.
The drain current asymmetry of 130 nm MOSFETs due to extension implant shadowing originated by mechanical angle error in high current implanter (2002)

The drain current asymmetry of 130 nm n-MOSFETs due to extension and source/drain ion implantation shadowing at the edge of gate electrode has been investigated. The ion implantation angle error is occurred even the tilt and twist angles are mechanically set as 0 degree. This ion implantation angle error is remarkable at periphery area of 200 mm wafer. This angle error originated in wheel design and scanning method of a high current ion implanter. Those are structural limitation of a high current batch type ion implanter. The drain current asymmetry can be dramatically reduced by using 4-step (Tilt/Twist=0/0, 0/90, 0/180, 0/270 deg.) ion implantation for extension implant similar to pocket implant. Therefore, even the low energy, high current ion implantation such as extension and source/drain implant, 4-step ion implantation is indispensable to reduce the drain current asymmetry.
Best-first search for treewidth (2007)

Finding the exact treewidth of a graph is central to many operations in a variety of areas, including probabilistic reasoning and constraint satisfaction. Treewidth can be found by searching over the space of vertex elimination orders. This search space differs from those where best-first search is typically applied, because a solution path is evaluated by its maximum edge cost instead of the sum of its edge costs. We show how to make best-first search admissible on max-cost problem spaces. We also employ breadth-first heuristic search to reduce the memory requirement while still eliminating all duplicate nodes in the search space. Our empirical results show that our algorithms find the exact treewidth an order of magnitude faster than the previous state-of-the-art algorithm on hard benchmark graphs.
New Potent Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors in the Tetracyclic Triterpene Series (2007)

A new highly selective inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was discovered by high-throughput screening. Compound 1 was synthesized from a natural product, the N-3-isobutyrylcycloxobuxidine-F 2. A new extraction protocol of this compound is described. The hemisynthesis and optimization of 1 are reported. The analogs of 1 were tested in vitro for the inhibition of both cholinesterases (AChE and BuChE). These compounds selectively inhibited AChE. Extensive molecular docking studies were performed with 2 and AChE employing Discover Biosym software to rationalize the binding interaction. The results suggested that ligand 2 binds simultaneously to both catalytic and peripheral sites of AChE.
Genome Sequence of Human Adenovirus Type 55, a Re-Emergent Acute Respiratory Disease Pathogen in China (2012)

Human adenovirus type 55 (HAdV-B55) is an acute respiratory disease (ARD) pathogen first completely characterized in China (2006). This is a unique Trojan horse microbe with the virus neutralization attribute of a renal pathogen and the cell tropism and clinical attributes of a respiratory pathogen, bypassing herd immunity. It appeared to be an uncommon pathogen, with earlier putative, sporadic occurrences in Spain (1969) and Turkey (2004); these isolates were incompletely characterized using only two epitopes. Reported here is the genome of a second recent isolate (China, 2011), indicating that it may occur more frequently. The availability of this HAdV-B55 genome provides a foundation for studying adenovirus molecular evolution, the dynamics of epidemics, and patterns of pathogen emergence and re-emergence. These data facilitate studies to predict genome recombination between adenoviruses, as well as sequence divergence rates and hotspots, all of which are important for vaccine development and because HAdVs are used for epitope and/or gene delivery vectors.
Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and efficacy on pediatric tumors of the glioma radiosensitizer <scp>KU</scp> 60019 (2014)

We have recently reported that glioblastoma (GB)-initiating cells (GIC) with low expression and/or mutation of TP53 and high expression of PI3K ("responder" genetic profile) can be effectively and safely radiosensitized by the ATM inhibitor KU60019. We report here on drug's diffusion and elimination from the animal body and brain, its effects on orthotopic GB and efficacy toward pediatric GIC. Healthy mice were infused by convection enhanced delivery (CED) with KU60019 and the drug kinetics followed by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Already at the end of CED, KU60019 had diffused from the injection site to the ipsilateral and, to a lower extent, controlateral hemisphere. After 24 hr, no drug could be detected all over the brain or in other organs, indicating rapid draining and excretion. After intraperitoneal injection, traces only of KU60019 could be detected in the brain, indicating inability to cross the brain-blood barrier. Consistent with the induction of cell cycle progression previously observed in vitro, KU60019 stimulated proliferation of orthotopic GB cells with the highest effect observed 96 hr after drug delivery. Adult GIC with high expression of TP53 and low expression of PI3K could be radiosensitized by KU60019, although less promptly than GIC bearing the "responder" profile. Consistent with the kinetics of proliferation induction, the highest radiosensitizing effect was observed 96 hr after delivery of KU60019 to GIC. Pediatric GIC could be similarly radiosensitized after exposure to KU60019. The results indicate that ATM inhibition may allow to radiosensitize a wide range of adult and pediatric high-grade gliomas.
Recoil momentum at a solid surface during developed laser ablation (1993)

The recoil momentum from a laser light pulse in the intensity range 105–107 W/cm2 is experimentally investigated for dielectric and metallic targets as a function of the pressure of the surrounding medium and angle of illumination. An equation with empirical coefficients is obtained for the recoil momentum of illuminated targets. Effects of the screening properties of the erosion jet and the back pressure on the recoil momentum are analyzed as the external pressure is varied.
Traveling wave electrodes for 50 GHz operation of opto-electronic devices based on InP (2003)

We report on the design, fabrication and performance electro-optic switches based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with traveling wave electrodes. Our work aimed at increasing the bandwidth of such devices by reducing the loss parameter a of the electrodes. We realized an electrode configuration using electro-plated metallization layers and achieved a bandwidth of 50 GHz (6.4 dB electrical corresponding to 3 dB optical) suitable for the operation of optoelectronic devices up to 100 Gb/s.
FORTRAN PROGRAMS FOR CALCULATING CONNECTIVITY OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL MODELS AND FOR RANKING MULTIPLE REALIZATIONS (1998)

Given a three-dimensional numerical geological model it is often useful to determine the geological modeling cells that are connected in three dimensions. These connected three-dimensional bodies are referred to as geo-objects; a program geo_obj is presented to calculate the geo-objects from three-dimensional lithofacies, porosity and permeability models. Relevant summary statistics such as the number of geo-objects, their sizes and their tortuosities are reported. The connected volumes may be used for ranking geostatistical realizations, e.g. establishing realizations with low, median, and high connectivity. A program rank_obj is presented for this purpose. It may also be useful to rank realizations according to the connectivity to one particular location (e.g. a well location) or between two locations (e.g. injector-producer pair); programs rank_loc and rank2loc are presented for these situations. The concept of three-dimensional connectivity and the topology of three-dimensional Cartesian grids are well understood; however, the programs presented here will be useful to anyone dealing with three-dimensional numerical geological models.
Azide-Free Synthesis of Oseltamivirfrom <scp>l</scp>-Methionine (2009)

Highly enantioselective synthesis of oseltamivir has been achieved starting from l-methionine, in which Staudinger ­reaction is utilized for the alignment of three contiguous chiral centers of oseltamivir. The present method would lead to an alternative synthesis of oseltamivir that avoids the use of hazardous azide reagents.
A novel process for recovery of phenol from alkaline wastewater: laboratory study and predesign cost estimate (1998)

A novel process for recovery of phenol from alkaline wastewater has been demonstrated at laboratory scale. The process is based on the polymer‐supported phase‐transfer‐catalyzed reaction of alkaline phenols with benzoyl chloride dissolved in toluene. The reaction conducted in a triphase system at room temperature generates phenyl benzoate, which is subsequently recovered as the product. Phosphonium ion immobilized on chloromethyl polystyrene crosslinked with divinylbenzene was used as the catalyst. Laboratory experiments were conducted in a batch slurry reactor and a fixed‐bed reactor to assess the suitability of a particular reactor type to practical applications. An aqueous phase to organic phase volume ratio of 1:2 was found to be suitable. The slurry reactor was found to be more attractive for the reaction. Based on the result of experiments in batch slurry reactors and other processing steps, a conceptual flow scheme was proposed for the process, and a predesign cost estimate was made. As such, the treatment cost of the proposed process is higher than that of the usual solvent extraction process, but the capital cost is comparable. However, the cost of the recovered phenyl benzoate will more than offset the higher treatment cost. This is reflected in a payback period of 1.5 years for the proposed process as compared to 2.5 years for the typical solvent extraction process. For industrial applications, a pilot‐plant study needs to be performed for a detailed cost analysis.
[Biochemical and immunological properties of the fractions of tubercle bacilli]. (1998)

In 1954, Dr. Yuichi Yamamura and his coassociates, National Sanatorium Toneyama Hospital, has reported the formation of experimental tuberculous cavity in rabbits. This work was a milestone of the researches in the field of cellular immunology. In 1960, I have started my scientific carrier in Kyushu University Medical School as the post-graduate student under the guidance of Prof. Yamamura. Since then, I have worked on the field of biochemical and immunological properties of tubercle bacilli. The arabinose mycolate, polysaccharides, cell-wall skeleton (CWS) and trehalose dimycolate (TDM) were purified from tubercle bacilli and their Chemical structures and biological activities were investigated in detail in our laboratory. In 1971, we have reported that adjuvant active principle of tubercle bacilli was a CWS fraction, and the details of chemical structure and adjuvantity of mycobacterial CWS were investigated in our research group. The application of BCG-CWS to cancer immunotherapy was also studied. In 1974, Prof. E. Lederer and his coworkers, University of Paris, have reported that N-acetyl muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP) was the minimum adjuvant-active structure of bacterial cell wall. We have synthesized several hundreds of MDP derivatives and selected, MDP-Lys(L18), romurtide, as the candidate of cytokine inducer for the clinical application. Romurtide is applied in cancer patients for the recovery of the number and functions of monocytes, neutrophils and platelets. These results suggest that the tubercle bacilli, especially, CWS and related synthetic MDP derivatives, are effective for the potentiation of host resistance against infectious diseases and cancer.
Adenine-Containing Block Copolymers via Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization:  Synthesis and Self-Assembly into Rod Morphologies (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUECommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTAdenine-Containing Block Copolymers via Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization: Synthesis and Self-Assembly into Rod MorphologiesHassan S. Bazzi and Hanadi F. SleimanView Author Information Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2K6 Canada Cite this: Macromolecules 2002, 35, 26, 9617–9620Publication Date (Web):November 15, 2002Publication History Received15 September 2002Revised23 October 2002Published online15 November 2002Published inissue 1 December 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma025676ohttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma025676orapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1453Altmetric-Citations86LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Adenine,Copolymers,Monomers,Noncovalent interactions,Polymers Get e-Alerts