gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic alignment of large-scale aerial rasters to road-maps (2007)

This paper introduces a practical approach to register large-scale GIS imagery to a database of road vectors automatically. The proposed approach breaks the global alignment problem into a set of localized domains (tiles). Within each tile, the displacement between imagery and vectors is approximated by a translation. Finally, a global thin-plate-spline warp based on these local approximations is applied to register the imagery to the vector data.
Towards optimal imaging with PET: an<i>in silico</i>feasibility study (2014)

The efficacy of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging relies fundamentally on the ability of the system to accurately identify true coincidence events. With existing systems, this is currently accomplished with an energy acceptance criterion followed by correction techniques to remove suspected false coincidence events. These corrections generally result in signal and contrast loss and thus limit the PET system's ability to achieve optimum image quality. A key property of annihilation radiation is that the photons are polarised with respect to each other. This polarisation correlation offers a potentially powerful discriminator, independent of energy, to accurately identify true events. In this proof of concept study, we investigate how photon polarisation information can be exploited in PET imaging by developing a method to discriminate true coincidences using the polarisation correlation of annihilation pairs. We implement this method using a Geant4 PET simulation of a GE Advance/Discovery LS system and demonstrate the potential advantages of the polarisation coincidence selection method over a standard energy criterion method. Current PET ring detectors are not capable of exploiting the polarisation correlation of the photon pairs. Compton PET systems, however are promising candidates for this application. We demonstrate the feasibility of a two-component Compton camera system in identifying true coincidences with Monte Carlo simulations. Our study demonstrates the potential of improving signal gain using polarisation, particularly for high photon emission rates. We also demonstrate the ability of the Compton camera at exploiting this polarisation correlation in PET.
Transistors and their circuits in the 4A toll crossbar switching system (1953)

NATION-WIDE dialing is one of the more recent advances in the telephone art and has been the subject of papers presented before the AIEE.1 The heart of nation-wide dialing is the new no. 4A toll crossbar switching system. It is this system which, at the various control switching points, receives the digits dialed by the toll operators or by the subscribers. It then automatically determines the routing of the call to any destination in the United States, as well as in Canada, and proceeds to establish the connection to succeeding control switching points or to the local office. In this system it is necessary to translate the digits received into information as to the location of trunks on the switches, the kind of outpulsing required, the number of digits to send forward, and other such instructions.
Reciprocal regulation of lymphocyte activation by tyrosine kinases and phosphatases (2002)

The dynamic regulation of protein tyrosine phosphorylation is crucial for a number of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, migration, and death. It thus represents a powerful control point for integration of environmental signals into cellular responses. Regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation is determined by the balance between protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). In the immune system, precise and coordinated regulation of this equilibrium allows for rapid responses to foreign antigens, whereas an imbalance between PTKs and PTPs can have pathologic consequences, including autoimmunity, immunodeficiency, and malignancy (1). In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of key PTKs and PTPs that play critical roles in modulating cellular levels of phosphotyrosine in resting T cells, during T cell activation, and during downregulation of an immune response.
Improving Blending and Solid Suspension by Retro-fitting with the Chemplant RTF4 Impeller (1996)

Existing agitator drives are often limited by the available torque of the gearbox. Changes in duty requiring increased agitation and hence increased torque, can often not be done using the same gearbox. This would mean that a replacement agitator is required when the drive system can still be relatively new and in good condition. Torque efficient impellers such as the RTF4 offer a solution to this problem by allowing a substantial increase in agitation for both blending and solids suspension problems. Various theoretical equations are analysed to show the validity of retro-fitting, and site installations discussed to show practical, on site experiences.
Fast Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles in Large-Area 2D Nanogrids Using a One-Step, Near-Infrared Radiation-Assisted Evaporation Process (2016)

When fabricating photonic crystals from suspensions in volatile liquids using the horizontal deposition method, the conventional approach is to evaporate slowly to increase the time for particles to settle in an ordered, periodic close-packed structure. Here, we show that the greatest ordering of 10 nm aqueous gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in a template of larger spherical polymer particles (mean diameter of 338 nm) is achieved with very fast water evaporation rates obtained with near-infrared radiative heating. Fabrication of arrays over areas of a few cm(2) takes only 7 min. The assembly process requires that the evaporation rate is fast relative to the particles' Brownian diffusion. Then a two-dimensional colloidal crystal forms at the falling surface, which acts as a sieve through which the AuNPs pass, according to our Langevin dynamics computer simulations. With sufficiently fast evaporation rates, we create a hybrid structure consisting of a two-dimensional AuNP nanoarray (or "nanogrid") on top of a three-dimensional polymer opal. The process is simple, fast, and one-step. The interplay between the optical response of the plasmonic Au nanoarray and the microstructuring of the photonic opal results in unusual optical spectra with two extinction peaks, which are analyzed via finite-difference time-domain method simulations. Comparison between experimental and modeling results reveals a strong interplay of plasmonic modes and collective photonic effects, including the formation of a high-order stopband and slow-light-enhanced plasmonic absorption. The structures, and hence their optical signatures, are tuned by adjusting the evaporation rate via the infrared power density.
Perspectives of survivors, families and researchers on key outcomes for research in acute respiratory failure (2017)

Patient, family and researcher groups supported inclusion of outcome domains that fit within the PICS framework. Patients and family members also supported many additional domains, emphasising the importance of including patients/family, along with researchers, in consensus processes to select core outcome domains for future research studies.
Molecular cloning, functional expression, and signal transduction of the GIP‐receptor cloned from a human insulinoma (1995)

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) plays an important role in the regulation of postprandial insulin secretion and proinsulin gene expression of pancreatic beta-cells. This study demonstrates the molecular cloning of a cDNA for the GIP-receptor from a human insulinoma lambda gt11 cDNA library. The cloned cDNA encoded a seven transmembrane domain protein of 466 amino acids which showed high homology (41%) to the human glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor. Homology to the GIP receptor from rat or hamster was 79% and 81%, respectively. When transfected stably into fibroblast CHL-cells a high affinity receptor was expressed which coupled to the adenylate cyclase with normal basal cAMP and increasing intracellular cAMP levels under stimulation with human GIP-1-42 (EC50 = 1.29 x 10(-13) M). The receptor accepted only human GIP 1-42 (Kd = 1.93 +/- 0.2 x 10(-8) M) and porcine truncated GIP 1-30 (Kd = 1.13 +/- 0.1 x 10(-8) M) as high affinity ligands. At 1 microM, exendin-4 and (9-39)amide weakly reduced GIP-binding (25%) whereas secretin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, peptide histidine-isoleucine, and pituitary adenylyl cyclase activating peptide were without effect. In transfected CHL cells, GIP-1-42 did not increase intracellular calcium. Northern analysis revealed one transcript of human GIP receptor mRNA with an apparent size of 5.5 kb. The exact understanding of GIP receptor regulation and signal transduction will aid in the understanding of the incretin hormone's failure to exert its biological action at the pancreatic B-cell in type II diabetes mellitus.
A silent chemokine receptor regulates steady-state leukocyte homing <i>in vivo</i> (2007)

The location of leukocytes in different microenvironments is intimately connected to their function and, in the case of leukocyte precursors, to the executed differentiation and maturation program. Leukocyte migration within lymphoid organs has been shown to be mediated by constitutively expressed chemokines, but how the bioavailability of these homeostatic chemokines is regulated remains unknown. Here, we report in vivo evidence for the role of a nonsignaling chemokine receptor in the migration of leukocytes under physiological, i.e., noninflammatory, conditions. We have studied the in vivo role of the silent chemokine receptor CCX-CKR1 by both loss- and gain-of-function approaches. CCX-CKR1 binds the constitutively expressed chemokines CC chemokine ligand (CCL)19, CCL21, and CCL25. We find that CCX-CKR1 is involved in the steady-state homing of CD11c(+)MHCII(high) dendritic cells to skin-draining lymph nodes, and it affects the homing of embryonic thymic precursors to the thymic anlage. These observations indicate that the silent chemokine receptor CCX-CKR1, which is exclusively expressed by stroma cells, but not hematopoietic cells themselves, regulates homeostatic leukocyte migration by controlling the availability of chemokines in the extracellular space. This finding adds another level of complexity to our understanding of leukocyte homeostatic migration.
Coamplified and overexpressed genes at <i>ERBB2</i> locus in gastric cancer (2004)

DNA copy number amplification at the chromosomal region of 17q is frequent in gastric cancer. Recently 17q21 was identified as the critical region for the amplicon formation because this region harbors the ERBB2 oncogene and several other targets, such as TOP2A and DARPP32. In our study, we characterized the amplification (52 cases) and expression (29 cases) levels of ERBB2, TOP2A and DARPP32 in gastric cancer samples. These 3 genes were concomitantly amplified in 17% of the intestinal type of gastric adenocarcinoma. However, the expression levels were independent, showing overexpression of DARPP32 (48%), TOP2A (17%) and ERBB2 (3%) studied by quantitative real-time PCR. The most frequently overexpressed gene, DARPP32, exhibited strong protein overexpression in 45% (30/66) of the cases in immunohistochemical study of gastric cancer tumor tissue array. Additional studies are required to thoroughly understand the biological significance of these genes in gastric cancer.
Linear and Nonlinear Current Density Reconstructions (1999)

Minimum norm algorithms for EEG source reconstruction are studied in view of their spatial resolution, regularization, and lead-field normalization properties, and their computational efforts. Two classes of minimum norm solutions are examined: linear least squares methods and nonlinear L1-norm approaches. Two special cases of linear algorithms, the well known Minimum Norm Least Squares and an implementation with Laplacian smoothness constraints, are compared to two nonlinear algorithms comprising sparse and standard L1-norm methods. In a signal-to-noise-ratio framework, two of the methods allow automatic determination of the optimum regularization parameter. Compensation methods for the different depth dependencies of all approaches by lead-field normalization are discussed. Simulations with tangentially and radially oriented test dipoles at two different noise levels are performed to reveal and compare the properties of all approaches. Finally, cortically constrained versions of the algorithms are applied to two epileptic spike data sets and compared to results of single equivalent dipole fits and spatiotemporal source models.
Algorithms for discrete function manipulation (2002)

An investigation was made of the analogous graph structure for representing and manipulating discrete variable problems. The authors define the multi-valued decision diagram (MDD), analyze its properties (in particular prove a strong canonical form) and provide algorithms for combining and manipulating MDDs. They give a method for mapping an MDD into an equivalent BDD (binary decision diagram) which allows them to provide a highly efficient implementation using the previously developed BDD packages. A direct implementation of the MDD structure has also been carried out, but this initial implementation has not yet been tuned to the same extent as the BDDs to allow a reasonable comparison to be made. The authors have used the mapping to BDDs to provide an initial understanding of the limits on the sizes of real problems that can be executed. The results are encouraging.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Practical power gating and dynamic voltage/frequency scaling (2011)

This article consists of a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation on practical power gating and dynamic voltage and frequency scaling. Some of the specific topics discussed include: the motivation for DVFS and power gating; technology and cost trends for serving spending; dynamic voltage/frequency scaling techniques; power gating facilities; applications for use on mobile and desktop systems; the special features of the LLANO accelerated processing unit; design considerations; core voltage power capabilities; and methods for integrated voltage regulation.
Une Ambassade mongole à Paris en 1262 (1979)

Richard Jean. Une Ambassade mongole à Paris en 1262. In: Journal des savants, 1979, n°4. pp. 295-303.
Permeability Reduction Induced by a Nonhydrostatic Stress Field (1990)

Summary Stress-dependent permeability was measured in a high-porosity/high-permeability sandstone with mechanical and fluid-flow parameters similar to those found in typical North Sea reservoirs, particularly the little-investigated effect of triaxial stress configurations. Hydrostatic loading from atmospheric conditions to stress levels comparable to those found in situ causes a slight permeability reduction. When the applied stress is nonhydrostatic, the permeability decrease is more pronounced. In particular, as failure is approached in triaxial loading or unloading, the permeability may be significantly reduced (in some cases to &lt; 10% of its initial value). This paper discusses the consequences of these results for interpretation of standard permeability measurements. An example quantifies the formation damage (skin) induced by the near-wellbore stress field.
MOCONT: a new system for container terminal monitoring and control (2002)

In many container terminals the set of operations played to store the containers in the yard are actually based on a low degree of automation. MOCONT is a new chance for those terminals to considerably increase the automation of identification and location operations.
<i>In Situ</i> Entry of Oligonucleotides into Brain Cells Can Occur through a Nucleic Acid Channel (2007)

Brain tissue has become a challenging therapeutic target, in part because of failure of conventional treatments of brain tumors and a gradually increasing number of neurodegenerative diseases. Because antisense oligonucleotides are readily internalized by neuronal cells in culture, these compounds could possibly serve as novel therapeutic agents to meet such a challenge. In previous in vitro work using cell culture systems, we have demonstrated that intracellular delivery requires a vector such as cationic liposomes since free oligonucleotides remain largely trapped in the endocytic pathway following cellular uptake. Here we studied the cellular uptake properties of oligonucleotides by explants of rat brain (brain slices), and by in vivo brain tissue after administration of oligonucleotides by bolus injection. In contrast to in vitro uptake, we show that in brain slices oligonucleotides were taken up by neuronal and nonneuronal cells, irrespective of their assembly with cationic liposomes. In either case, a diffuse distribution of oligonucleotides was seen in the cytosol and/or nucleus. Uptake of oligonucleotides by brain slices as a result of membrane damage, potentially arising from the isolation procedure, could be excluded. Interestingly, internalization was inhibited following treatment of the tissue with antibody GN-2640, directed against a nucleic acid channel, present in rat kidney cells. Our data support the view that an analogous channel is present in brain tissue, allowing entry of free oligonucleotides but not plasmids. Indeed, for delivery of the latter and accomplishment of effective transfection, cationic lipids were needed for gene translocation into both brain slices and brain tissue in vivo. These data imply that for antisense therapy to become effective in brain, cationic lipid-mediated delivery will only be needed for specific cell targeting but not necessarily for delivery per se to accomplish nuclear deposition of oligonucleotides into brain cells and subsequent down-regulation of disease-related targets.
Dopamine withdrawal elicits prolonged calcium rise to support prolactin rebound release (1996)

Dopamine (DA) acts directly on pituitary lactotropes to inhibit the release of PRL. Removal of DA elicits a pronounced transient rise in PRL release to values exceeding pre-DA rates (PRL rebound). Electrophysiological studies have shown that lactotropes exhibit a period of increased Ca2+ action potential activity after DA withdrawal, leading to the proposal that enhanced Ca2+ influx during this period may support the rebound secretion of PRL. In the present studies, we investigated the effect of DA application and removal on the cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) monitored by fura-2 in single rat lactotropes. Unchallenged lactotropes fell into two functionally distinct groups: those with stable [Ca2+]i that was not acutely sensitive to extracellular Ca2+, and those with spontaneous fluctuations in [Ca2+]i that were dependent upon influx of external Ca2+. There was striking variability in the [Ca2+]i patterns of the latter group, ranging from irregular, low amplitude fluctuations to rhythmic, repetitive oscillations with definable rise and decay kinetics. Application of DA resulted in a rapid decrease in [Ca2+]i concomitant with the cessation of these spontaneous [Ca2+]i fluctuations. After DA removal, these cells resumed oscillatory [Ca2+]i activities similar to those observed before DA application. In quiescent lactotropes, acute application of DA exerted no effect on resting [Ca2+]i, but quiescent cells could be activated to produce [Ca2+]i fluctuations by the application and withdrawal of DA. Again, the character of the induced [Ca2+] activity showed significant cell to cell variation. In contrast, the pattern of [Ca2+]i fluctuations was remarkably characteristic in a given cell in response to repeated challenges. A composite [Ca2+]i profile of 13 cells paralleled the PRL secretory rebound after application and removal of DA. The oscillatory rise in [Ca2+]i is functionally linked to the rebound release of PRL after DA removal, as both were immediately abolished by blockade of Ca2+ influx. These data demonstrate that the rebound secretion of PRL is dependent upon enhanced influx of extracellular Ca2+ after cells recover from DA-induced hyperpolarization and support the hypothesis that a population of inactivated Ca2+ channels has been recruited in response to application and withdrawal of DA.
Bexxar®: Novel Radioimmunotherapy for the Treatment of Low-Grade and Transformed Low-Grade Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (2004)

These data suggest that Bexxar will become an important new option in the treatment of indolent lymphoma.
Experiences of the Application of Hot Gas Filtration to Industrial Processes (2002)

Hot Gas Filtration (HGF) is defined as the dry scrubbing of gaseous process effluent above 250 degrees. The potential applications for this technology can be found in Atmospheric Pollution Control (APC) and In-Line Equipment Protection (ILETP). In recent years novel rigid refractory filter media have emerged with several advantages over conventional fabric bag filters and other particulate arrestment systems e.g. electrostatic precipitators. A study has been made of the effect of a wide range of operational conditions, including gas volume and velocity, temperature, particle size distribution, and organic/moisture content, in real process situations on filter elements performance and life expectancy.
Control of Electrical Appliances through Voice Commands (2014)

Voice recognition is an expanding trend nowadays for automation. As speech is the preferred mode of operation for human being, this paper highlights the importance of human voice that activates electrical appliances at home in wireless environment. The user makes use of voice commands to perform certain actions such as switching the lights ON/OFF and regulating the speed of appliances. This system plays an important role for the elderly and physically disables people to control their appliances in intuitive and flexible way. The graphical user interface (GUI) system is developed using LabVIEW. LabVIEW is a highly productive development environment that interacts with real-world data for creating custom applications. So the method of control of electrical appliances is implemented using LabVIEW. With this voice recognition technique accuracy of more than 90% is achieved.
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor and anti-FXa kinetic profiles of a new low-molecular-mass heparin, Bemiparin, at therapeutic subcutaneous doses (1998)

Low-molecular-mass heparins (LMMHs) exert an anti-FXa effect through antithrombin III (ATIII) and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) displaced from endothelium and lipoproteins. This global anti-FXa potency is specific for different compounds. Whether these effects have a similar kinetic and duration is a matter of interest. We compared the kinetic profile of the TFPI effect (total and free) to the anti-FXa amidolytic activity induced by therapeutic subcutaneous doses of a new LMMH, Bemiparin. The overall kinetics of the anti-FXa amidolytic activity and the TFPI effect were different, TFPI achieving a maximal effect earlier than the anti-FXa activity and completely disappearing before it. The anti-FXa amidolytic activity of Bemiparin followed a linear dose-response pattern. Neither total nor free TFPI was directly proportional to the dose. At therapeutic subcutaneous doses, Bemiparin exerted an anti-FXa effect through TFPI during the first 2 h, through both ATIII and TFPI during the following 8 h (range 2-10 h) and through ATIII during the last 8 h (range 10-18 h).
Analysis of the lateral insulated gate transistor (1985)

On-state characteristics of the Lateral Insulated Gate Transistor (LIGT) have been investigated and modeled with the aid of two-dimensional simulations. It is shown that the LIGT is characterized by several distinct on-state regimes: DMOS, bipolar, and thyristor-latchup; which are identified by the respective conduction mechanisms for each mode. Furthermore, the geometry of the shorted anode determines the transition from the DMOS regime to the bipolar regime, whereas the geometry of the p-well determines the transition to thyristor behavior. Devices have been fabricated with latchup currents greater than 2 A/cm.