gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasmin(ogen) Promotes Renal Interstitial Fibrosis by Promoting Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (2007)

Plasminogen (Plg) activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is an important fibrosis-promoting molecule. Whether this effect can be attributed to PAI-1's activity as an inhibitor of plasmin generation is debated. This study was designed to investigate the role of Plg in renal fibrosis using in vivo and in vitro approaches. Plg-deficient (Plg-/-) and wild-type (Plg+/+) C57BL/6 mice were subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction or sham surgery (n = 8/group; sham, days 3, 7, 14, and 21). Plg deficiency was confirmed by the absence of Plg mRNA, protein, and plasmin activity. After 21 d of unilateral ureteral obstruction, total kidney collagen was significantly reduced by 35% in the Plg-/- mice. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as typified by tubular loss of E-cadherin and acquisition of alpha-smooth muscle actin, was also significantly reduced in Plg-/- mice, 76% and 50%, respectively. Attenuation of EMT and fibrosis severity in the Plg-/- mice was associated with significantly lower levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and active TGF-beta. In vitro, addition of plasmin (20 microg/ml) to cultures of murine tubular epithelial cells initiated ERK phosphorylation within minutes, followed by phenotypic transition to fibroblast-specific protein-1+, alpha-smooth muscle actin+, fibronectin-producing fibroblast-like cells. Both plasmin-induced ERK activation and EMT were significantly blocked in vitro by the protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) silencing RNA; by pepducin, a specific anti-PAR-1 signaling peptide; and by the ERK kinase inhibitor UO126. Plasmin-induced ERK phosphorylation was enhanced in PAR-1-overexpressing tubular cells. These findings support important profibrotic roles for plasmin that include PAR-1-dependent ERK signaling and EMT induction.
Swelling Kinetics of Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide) Minigels (2006)

We synthesize poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) gels with different sizes in the micrometer scale by a slight variation of a recent emulsion polymerization method (ref 1). The procedure is different than that typically used for obtaining macroscopic PNIPAM hydrogels. The resultant minigel suspension is polydisperse thus allowing the swelling kinetics for different gel sizes to be studied; we do so at temperatures below the volume-transition temperature by wetting with water previously dried particles. The resultant swelling is followed by optical video microscopy. We find that the characteristic swelling time scales with the inverse of the particle dimension squared, in agreement with theoretical predictions (ref 2). The proportionality constant is the network diffusion coefficient D, which for the minigels under consideration appears to be in between that of PNIPAM macrogels and the self-diffusion coefficient of water.
Diffusion and Localization in a Dissipative Quantum System (1983)

The motion of a quantum mechanical particle is studied in the presence of a periodic potential and frictional forces. Depending on the parameters, the behavior changes from diffusion to localization.Received 1 August 1983DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.51.1506©1983 American Physical Society
An unsupervised method for word sense tagging using parallel corpora (2001)

We present an unsupervised method for word sense disambiguation that exploits translation correspondences in parallel corpora. The technique takes advantage of the fact that cross-language lexicalizations of the same concept tend to be consistent, preserving some core element of its semantics, and yet also variable, reflecting differing translator preferences and the influence of context. Working with parallel corpora introduces an extra complication for evaluation, since it is difficult to find a corpus that is both sense tagged and parallel with another language; therefore we use pseudo-translations, created by machine translation systems, in order to make possible the evaluation of the approach against a standard test set. The results demonstrate that word-level translation correspondences are a valuable source of information for sense disambiguation.
Recombinant mite allergens (1997)

The introduction of molecular cloning techniques has led to advances in allergen identification and sequencing, production of recombinant allergens, identification of B-cell and T-cell epitopes, and tertiary structural analysis of allergen molecules. Over 10 groups of mite allergens have been cloned from Dermatophagoides spp., as well as several homologous allergens from Euroglyphus maynei, Lepidoglyphus destructor, and Blomia tropicalis. The availability of these allergens has made it feasible to consider their use for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Several recombinant Dermatophagoides allergens show comparable reactivity on skin testing and in serologic assays to natural allergens, and cocktails of the recombinant proteins could be used as diagnostic reagents. New technologies have been developed for detection of allergen-specific IgE and for environmental allergen detection using rapid diagnostic tests. Novel approaches to immunotherapy are also being investigated, including T-cell-peptide based vaccines, allergen variants which lack IgE reactivity, and naked DNA vaccines. The application of allergen biotechnology should lead to improvements in the management of mite-allergic patients with asthma and represents a logical step toward reducing asthma mortality and morbidity.
Verification of palpation-guided intra-articular injections using glucocorticoid-air-saline mixture and ultrasound imaging (GAS-graphy). (2006)

The GAS-graphy method for the verification of palpation-guided injections is a simple procedure performable to any joint site and the result can be seen immediately on the monitor after the injection. The reliability of the method is good and it can be used in developing injection techniques as well as in medical or nurse education. The method can be used as an alternative for the radiographic contrast medium method in verifying successful palpation-guided intra-articular injections.
A survey of cloud-based network intrusion detection analysis (2016)

Abstract As network traffic grows and attacks become more prevalent and complex, we must find creative new ways to enhance intrusion detection systems (IDSes). Recently, researchers have begun to harness both machine learning and cloud computing technology to better identify threats and speed up computation times. This paper explores current research at the intersection of these two fields by examining cloud-based network intrusion detection approaches that utilize machine learning algorithms (MLAs). Specifically, we consider clustering and classification MLAs, their applicability to modern intrusion detection, and feature selection algorithms, in order to underline prominent implementations from recent research. We offer a current overview of this growing body of research, highlighting successes, challenges, and future directions for MLA-usage in cloud-based network intrusion detection approaches.
Trastuzumab As the Lead Monoclonal Antibody In Advanced Breast Cancer: Choosing Which Patient and When (2008)

Trastuzumab is the first of the monoclonal antibodies to be used in the treatment of those patients who have HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. It is most effective when combined with cytotoxics, such as the taxanes and vinorelbine. It is well-tolerated but associated cardiotoxicity makes use with anthracyclines and in patients with cardiac dysfunction problematic. A further adverse observation is that the rate of development of cerebral metastases is 2.8-times higher in patients who have received trastuzumab as part of their treatment regimens. Trastuzumab has been combined with cytotoxics, hormones, other monoclonal antibodies, such a pertuzumab and bevacizumab, and targeted small molecules such as lapatinib, and it can be conjugated with cytotoxics to deliver them to cancer cells. The dosage, duration of therapy and optimal combinations in advanced and early stage breast cancer and use after relapse are still being defined.
EEG Biofeedback: A New Treatment Option for ADD/ADHD (1995)

The causes of ADD and ADHD have a neurological basis. There is evidence that, in some ADD/ADHD children, there might be decreased levels of metabolism of catecholamine, brain chemicals related to adrenalin (epinephrine) and noradrenalin (norepinephrine) (Lubar, hand-out). Because of this, stimulant medications are often effective treatments for these children, especially in reducing hyperactivity. Children on the medication often show improved attentiveness and decreased impulsivity. However, a significant problem with the pharmacological treatment of ADD children is the statedependent and shortlived effects. For example, the frequently prescribed medication Ritalin (Methylphenidate) lasts only for 3 or 4 hours in the nervous system. As soon as the medication wears off, full blown symptoms of ADD and ADHD appear (Lubar, hand-out). Furthermore, Ritalin has numerous undesirable side-effects such as insomnia, loss of appetite, inhibited growth, and depression.
Unconventional Microfabrication Using Polymers (2006)

Current microfabrication materials include silicon, a wide variety of metals, dielectrics, and some polymers. Because of the low cost and high processing flexibility that polymers generally have, expanding the use of polymers in microfabrication would benefit the microfabrication community, enabling new routes towards goals such as low-cost 3D microfabrication. \n\nThis work describes two main unconventional uses of polymers in microfabrication. The first unconventional use is as a carrier material in the self-assembly (SA) of millimeter-scale parts in which functional electronic components and electrical interconnects were cast into 5 mm cubes of Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). The second unconventional use is as a non-flat micromold for an alumina ceramic and as transfer material for multiple layers of micropatterned carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Both of these uses demonstrate 3D low-cost microfabrication routes.\n\nIn the SA chapter, surface forces induced both gross and fine alignment of the PMMA cubes. The cubes were bonded using low-melting temperature solder, resulting in a self-assembled 3D circuit of LEDs and capacitors. The PMMA-encasulated parts were immersed in methyl methacrylate (MMA) to dissolve the PMMA, showing the possibility of using MEMS devices with moving parts such as mechanical actuators or resonators. This technique could be expanded for assembly of systems having more than 104 components. The ultimate goal is to combine a large number of diverse active components to allow the manufacture of systems having dense integrated functionality.\nThe ceramic micromolding chapter explores micromolding fabrication of alumina ceramic microstructures on flat and curved surfaces, transfer of carbon nanotube (CNT) micropatterns into the ceramic, and oxidation inhibition of these CNTs through ceramic encapsulation. Microstructured master mold templates were fabricated from etched silicon, embossed thermally sacrificial polymer, and flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The polymer templates were themselves made from silicon masters. Thus, once the master is produced, no further access to a microfabrication facility is required. Using the flexible PDMS molds, ceramic structures with mm-scale curvature were fabricated having microstructures on either the inside or outside of the curved macrostructure. It was possible to embed CNTs into the ceramic microstructures. To do this, micropatterned CNTs on silicon were transferred to ceramic via vacuum molding. Multilayered micropatterned CNT-ceramic devices were fabricated, and CNT electrical traces were encapsulated with ceramic to inhibit oxidation. During oxidation trials, encapsulated CNT traces showed an increase in resistance that was 62% less than those that were not encapsulated.
Interstitial cystitis (1999)

Interstitial cystitis is a complex inflammatory condition of the bladder. The pathophysiology of interstitial cystitis is incompletely understood, although altered epithelial permeability, mast cell activation and sensory afferent nerve upregulation play critical roles. A unified understanding of the pathogenesis of interstitial cystitis is emerging and this will hopefully lead to the introduction of novel therapies for pain and irritative voiding symptoms. Interstitial cystitis is a common disease among women and is frequently misdiagnosed as prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia among men.
Illumination‐driven Mesh Reduction for Accelerating Light Transport Simulations (2015)

Abstract Progressive light transport simulations aspire a physically‐based, consistent rendering to obtain visually appealing illumination effects, depth and realism. Thereby, the handling of large scenes is a difficult problem, as in typical scene subdivision approaches the parallel processing requires frequent synchronization due to the bouncing of light throughout the scene. In practice, however, only few object parts noticeably contribute to the radiance observable in the image, whereas large areas play only a minor role. In fact, a mesh simplification of the latter can go unnoticed by the human eye. This particular importance to the visible radiance in the image calls for an output‐sensitive mesh reduction that allows to render originally out‐of‐core scenes on a single machine without swapping of memory. Thus, in this paper, we present a preprocessing step that reduces the scene size under the constraint of radiance preservation with focus on high‐frequency effects such as caustics. For this, we perform a small number of preliminary light transport simulation iterations. Thereby, we identify mesh parts that contribute significantly to the visible radiance in the scene, and which we thus preserve during mesh reduction.
Imaging, Virtual Planning, Design, and Production of Patient-Specific Implants and Clinical Validation in Craniomaxillofacial Surgery (2012)

The purpose of this article was to describe the workflow from imaging, via virtual design, to manufacturing of patient-specific titanium reconstruction plates, cutting guide and mesh, and its utility in connection with surgical treatment of acquired bone defects in the mandible using additive manufacturing by electron beam melting (EBM). Based on computed tomography scans, polygon skulls were created. Following that virtual treatment plans entailing free microvascular transfer of fibula flaps using patient-specific reconstruction plates, mesh, and cutting guides were designed. The design was based on the specification of a Compact UniLOCK 2.4 Large (Synthes(®), Switzerland). The obtained polygon plates were bent virtually round the reconstructed mandibles. Next, the resections of the mandibles were planned virtually. A cutting guide was outlined to facilitate resection, as well as plates and titanium mesh for insertion of bone or bone substitutes. Polygon plates and meshes were converted to stereolithography format and used in the software Magics for preparation of input files for the successive step, additive manufacturing. EBM was used to manufacture the customized implants in a biocompatible titanium grade, Ti6Al4V ELI. The implants and the cutting guide were cleaned and sterilized, then transferred to the operating theater, and applied during surgery. Commercially available software programs are sufficient in order to virtually plan for production of patient-specific implants. Furthermore, EBM-produced implants are fully usable under clinical conditions in reconstruction of acquired defects in the mandible. A good compliance between the treatment plan and the fit was demonstrated during operation. Within the constraints of this article, the authors describe a workflow for production of patient-specific implants, using EBM manufacturing. Titanium cutting guides, reconstruction plates for fixation of microvascular transfer of osteomyocutaneous bone grafts, and mesh to replace resected bone that can function as a carrier for bone or bone substitutes were designed and tested during reconstructive maxillofacial surgery. A clinically fit, well within the requirements for what is needed and obtained using traditional free hand bending of commercially available devices, or even higher precision, was demonstrated in ablative surgery in four patients.
G protein-coupled receptor GPR160 is associated with apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of prostate cancer cells (2016)

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest membrane protein family implicated in the therapeutic intervention of a variety of diseases including cancer. Exploration of biological actions of orphan GPCRs may lead to the identification of new targets for drug discovery. This study investigates potential roles of GPR160, an orphan GPCR, in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. The transcription levels of GPR160 in the prostate cancer tissue samples and cell lines, such as PC-3, LNCaP, DU145 and 22Rv1 cells, were significantly higher than that seen in normal prostate tissue and cells. Knockdown of GPR160 by lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA constructs targeting human GPR160 gene (ShGPR160) resulted in prostate cancer cell apoptosis and growth arrest both in vitro and in athymic mice. Differential gene expression patterns in PC-3 cells infected with ShGPR160 or scramble lentivirus showed that 815 genes were activated and 1193 repressed. Functional annotation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed that microtubule cytoskeleton, cytokine activity, cell cycle phase and mitosis are the most evident functions enriched by the repressed genes, while regulation of programmed cell death, apoptosis and chemotaxis are enriched significantly by the activated genes. Treatment of cells with GPR160-targeting shRNA lentiviruses or duplex siRNA oligos increased the transcription of IL6 and CASP1 gene significantly. Our data suggest that the expression level of endogenous GPR160 is associated with the pathogenesis of prostate cancer.
The effect of DPD bandwidth limitation on EVM for a 28 nm WLAN 802.11ac transmitter (2017)

Digital predistortion (DPD) performance for an IEEE 802.11ac WLAN transmitter in 28 nm CMOS, using 20 and 80 MHz bandwidth with 256QAM modulation, is analyzed under different bandwidth limitations. Due to band-limited conditions in the transmitter chain, the DPD linearization performance may be reduced. For a minimum transmitter error vector magnitude (EVM) requirement of −32 dB (2.5%) for 256QAM modulation, a reduction in the maximum linear output power of 1.6 dB due to bandwidth limitations in the transmitter chain is estimated using simulations and measurement results.
The vertical hall-effect device (1984)

A novel device, sensitive to the magnetic field parallel to the chip surface is described. The device has a form remeniscent of a semi circular plate placed perpendicularly to the chip plane. The operation principle is that of the conventional Hall-effect device. The unusual geometry principally does not affect sensitivity. The experimental samples are fabricated using a standard bulk CMOS technology, where the p-well deep diffusion is used to surround the active device volume. Sensitivity up to 450 V/AT is measured.
Fabrication of Ridge-and-Groove Servo Pattern Consisting of Self-Assembled Dots for 2.5 $\hbox{Tb/in}^{2}$ Bit Patterned Media (2011)

Bit patterned media (BPM) is fabricated by a directed self-assembled polymer mask. CoPt magnetic dots with 17 nm pitch (2.5 Tb/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) consists of ridge-and-groove servo patterns as well as circular data tracks. Distribution of dot size and dot pitch is 16% and 15%, respectively. The position error signal (PES) is estimated numerically employing a simulation model using estimated deviation of dot size and pitch. PES linearity was found to be fairly good in spite of large dot pitch deviation. Distribution of dot size and dot pitch causes distortion in the reproduced waveform, but it does not degrade the phase information of the servo signal. This result indicates that the ridge-and-groove servo has a high tolerance to the amplitude noise and is suitable for BPM. When the width of the read head is close to the dot pitch, the linearity error increases owing to the dot size and dot pitch deviation. Reduction of these distributions is necessary in order to apply BPM to hard disk drives.
Development of high power nickel-cadmium batteries for hybrid vehicles (2002)

A new high performance, long life, low cost, nickel cadmium battery has been developed for heavy hybrid vehicles. The Saft STX 600 offers the highest power to weight and longest life available with 500 W/kg peak power, 350 W/kg at 50% state of charge, and over 600 K cycles at 2% depth of discharge. Development work was funded through a cost share grant from the FTA to the New York State Consortium. The battery was developed to provide lighter weight, smaller size, lower cost energy storage for the series hybrid propulsion system on the Consortium's highly successful low floor demonstration bus. The battery was designed with durability to level peaks and valleys of propulsion power for 6 years on demanding New York City bus routes. Cell construction is based on Saft's time tested aviation battery technology and weighing only 2.0 kg offers users a lightweight alternative for their HEV application needs. In this paper, we focus on the specific design criteria of this cell, elements of the development program, and characterization test results.
Scientific Assessment of the Accuracy of Detection of Deception: A Reply to Lykken (1978)

ABSTRACT Criticisms by Lykken (1978) of the research reported by Raskin and Hare (1978) and other research and findings on the accuracy of detection of deception are examined. In light of the available data and evidence, Lykken's arguments are found to be deficient in terms of accuracy, consistency, and validity.
Isolation of a novel antimicrobial peptide gene (<i>Sp-AMP</i>) homologue from<i>Pinus sylvestris</i>(Scots pine) following infection with the root rot fungus<i>Heterobasidion annosum</i> (2003)

A new family of antimicrobial peptide homologues termed Sp-Amp has been discovered in Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine). This is the first report of such proteins to be characterized in a conifer species. Sp-AMP1 was identified in a substructured cDNA library of root tissue infected with the root rot fungus Heterobasidion annosum and encodes a mature peptide of 79 amino acid residues. Three additional members of the Sp-AMP family (Sp-AMPs 2-4) encode cysteine-rich proteins of 105 amino acids, each containing an N-terminal region with a probable cleavage signal sequence. Northern analysis confirmed that Sp-AMP expression is elevated in Scots pine roots upon infection with H. annosum. These peptides share 64% amino acid identity with a mature protein from Macadamia integrifolia (MiAMP1), which allowed us to build a homology model for preliminary analysis. Southern analyses further confirmed that several copies of the gene are present in the Scots pine genome. The potential significance of Sp-AMP in the H. annosum-conifer pathosystem is discussed.