gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Loss of Lactose Metabolism in Lactic Streptococci (1972)

Lactose-negative mutants occurred spontaneously in broth cultures of Streptococcus lactis C(2)F. Instability of lactose metabolism was noted in other strains of S. lactis, in strains of S. cremoris, and in S. diacetilactis. Colonies of S. lactis C(2)F grown with lactose as the carbohydrate source also possessed lac(-) cells. Treatment of lactic streptococci with the mutagen acriflavine (AF) increased the number of non-lactose-fermenting variants. The effect of AF on growth and on loss of lactose-fermenting ability in S. lactis C(2)F was consequently further examined. The presence of AF appears to favor competitively the growth of spontaneously occurring lactose-negative cells and appears to act in the conversion of lactose-positive to non-lactose-fermenting cells. The lactose-negative mutants partially revert to lactose-positive variants which remain defective in lactose metabolism and remain unable to coagulate milk. The lactose-negative cells become dominant in continuous culture growth and provide evidence that alterations in the characteristics of starter strains can be produced by continuous culture, in this case, the complete loss in ability to ferment lactose.
A METHODOLOGY FOR FINDING UNIFORM REGIONS IN SPATIAL DATA AND ITS APPLICATION TO ANALYZING THE COMPOSITION OF CITIES (2013)

Cities all around the world are in constant evolution due to numerous factors, such as fast urbanization and new ways of communication and transportation. However, the evolution of the composition of a city is difficult to follow and analyze. Since understanding the evolution of cities is the key to intelligent urbanization, there is a growing need to develop urban planning and analysis tools to guide the orderly development of cities, as well as to enhance their smooth and beneficial evolution. Urban patches which represent uniform areas of a city play a key role in studying the composition of a city, as different types of urban patches typically are associated with different functions, such as recreational areas and commercial areas. In order to analyze the changes of the composition of cities, a polygon-based spatial clustering and analysis framework for studying urban evolution is proposed in this thesis. A spatial clustering algorithm named CLEVER is used to identify urban patches that are clusters of polygons representing different elements of the city based on a domain expert’s notion of uniformity, which has to be captured in a plug-in interestingness function. The analysis methodology uses polygons as models for spatial clusters and histogram-type distribution signatures to describe their characteristics. Finally, popular signatures are introduced that describe distribution characteristics, which occur frequently in contiguous sub-regions of a spatial dataset, and an approach is presented that identifies and annotates urban patches with popular signatures. Experiments on datasets of the city of Strasbourg, France serve as an example to highlight the usefulness of the methodology.
Characterization of Te precipitates in CdTe crystals (1983)

Te precipitates in CdTe have been characterized by Auger spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. The x-ray results show that the precipitated Te in Bridgman-grown CeTe crystals has the same structural phase as observed in elemental Te under high pressure. Auger and Raman microprobe spectroscopy were carried out to confirm Te precipitates in CdTe and identify the symmetry of the Te precipitates.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome complicating Plasmodium vivax malaria (2001)

Malaria is one of the most common infectious diseases in the world, and severe respiratory complications have been described mainly in association with Plasmodium falciparum. We describe a case of acute respiratory distress syndrome complicating infection with P. vivax in the setting of relatively low parasitemia in a 47-yr-old woman after a brief trip to Papua New Guinea. A review of the literature shows that pulmonary complications of P. vivax are rare but occur more frequently than generally acknowledged. Pathogenic mechanisms of these complications are discussed.
A Glycoside Flavonoid in Kudzu (Pueraria lobata) (2005)

Kudzu (Pueraria lobata) foliage has been touted as a possible energy crop. High-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis of the methanolic kudzu foliage extracts confirmed the presence of robinin (kaempferol-3-O-robinoside-7-O-rhamnoside). Robinin accounted for 0.65 ± 0.16% (dry basis) of kudzu biomass. Fast performance liquid chromatography (FPLC) was employed to fractionate robinin from the crude extract. The antioxidant capacity of robinin was evaluated by an oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. The ORAC values of pure standard were compared with those of the extract fractions. One milligram of the FPLC-fractionated robinin generated an ORAC value of 5.15 ± 2.00 umol/mg of Trolox, whereas 1 mg of pure robinin generated an ORAC value of 12.34 ± 0.45 µmol/mg of Trolox. Because of its antioxidant properties, robinin may be a flavonoid worth extracting prior to energy production.
Monomode fibre optic interferometric techniques in flow velocity measurement (1985)

Abstract The use of a monomode optical fibre sensing element in the measurement of flow velocities by an interferometric technique is described, in which the operating principle is the flow induced oscillation of the fibre caused by vortex shedding. A design based on an all-fibre Michelson interferometer is described and compared with a Fibre Fabry–Perot design; these both show a linear response with flow velocity over a large Reynolds number range.
Piezoelectric Constant in Oriented β-form Polypeptides (1971)

Piezoelectric constant and its temperature variation are determined in oriented films of poly-γ-methyl-L-glutamate with the β-form molecular conformation. Semi-quantitative calculation of piezoelectric constants is performed on the basis of a molecular model of pleated sheet structure. Shearing force in the plane of the sheet brings about slide between two adjacent extended polypeptides molecules. The plane of CONH dipole then rotates around the axis of the main chain, which produces an electric polarization. The estimated piezoelectric stress-constant for a single crystal of β-form poly-γ-methyl-L-glutamate is e 14 =-2.8×10 4 cgse.s.u.. If the degree of crystallinity X c =5%, the degree of orientation \varPi α =70% and the symmetry due to uniaxial orientation of the molecules are taken into consideration, e 14 =-5×10 2 cgse.s.u. is obtained for the present specimen, which agrees with the experimental observation.
Is Investment in Maize Research Balanced and Justified? An Empirical Study (2016)

The objective of this study was to investigate whether the investment in maize research was adequate and balanced in Nepalese context. Resource use in maize research was empirically studied with standard congruency analysis by using Full Time Equivalent (FTE) of researchers as a proxy measure of investment. The number of researchers involved in maize was 61 but it was only 21.25 on FTE basis, indicating that full time researchers were very few as compared to the cultivated area of maize in the country. Statistical analysis revealed that the investment in maize research was higher in Tarai and lower in the Hills. Congruency index on actual production basis was found low across the eco-zones and even lower across the geographical regions indicating that the investment in maize research was a mismatch and not justified. While adjusted with the equity factor and the research progress factor in the analysis substantial difference was not found in congruency index. This study recommends that substantial increase in investment in maize research is needed with balanced and justified manner across the eco-zones and the geographical regions. Hills need special attention to increase the investment as maize output value is higher in this eco-zone. Eastern and western regions also need increased investment in maize according to their contribution in the output value.
The Effect of Setting-Culture Interaction on the Vocational Education of American Indians. (1983)

The theme of the paper addresses the interaction of cultural beliefs, community needs and setting characteristics on the design and evaluation of vocational projects. The paper utilizes, as a case study completed by the authors, one of several evaluations of vocational projects on or near Indian reservations. Definite influences were found in these evaluations, and the effects of these influences suggest a new perspective in project design and evaluation. Implications for nature of goals, expectations of success, choice of evaluation criteria, and interpretation of evaluation results are discussed.
[Influence of glutamate and NMDA-receptor antagonist MK-801 on the electric activities of pain-excitation neurons in the nucleus accumbens of rats]. (2005)

The experiment explored the influence of glutamic acid (Glu) and the NMDA-receptor antagonist dizocilpine maleate (MK-801) on the pain-evoked responses of pain-excitation neurons (PEN) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of rats. The trains of electric impulses applied to the sciatic nerve were used as noxious stimulation. The discharges of PEN in NAc were recorded by glass microelectrode. We observed the influence of intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of Glu and microinjection of MK-801 into the NAc on the noxious stimulation-evoked activities of PEN in NAc. The results showed that the noxious stimulation potentiated the electric activities of PEN in NAc. Intracerebroventricular injection of Glu (10 nmol/10 microl) increased the frequency of the discharge of PEN evoked by the noxious stimulation in NAc, the Glu-induced response was blocked by the injection of MK-801 (1.0 nmol/0.5 microl) into NAc. MK-801 partly inhibited the response of PEN upon the noxious stimulation. It is therefore suggested that the facilitatory effect of Glu on PEN response in NAc to the noxious stimulation is mediated by NMDA receptors, and that Glu and NMDA receptors are involved in the modulation of nociceptive information transmission in the NAc.
Detection of α-thalassemia-1 Southeast Asian and Thai Type Deletions and β-thalassemia 3.5-kb Deletion by Single-tube Multiplex Real-time PCR with SYBR Green1 and High-resolution Melting Analysis (2011)

Single-tube multiplex real-time PCR with SYBR Green1 and HRM analysis is a potential alternative for routine clinical screening of the common types of α- and β-thalassemia large gene deletions, since it is simple, cost-effective, and highly accurate.
Field-dependent aberrations for misaligned reflective optical systems (2009)

The performance of optical imaging systems relies on control of aberrations that can arise from limitations in the design, manufacture, or alignment. This dissertation addresses the form of aberrations that occur for misaligned reflective systems, such as telescopes. The relationship between a characteristic set of field-dependent aberrations and the misalignments that cause them is systematically explored. A comprehensive technique that quantifies field performance for a 5-mirror system is given, using Monte Carlo analysis to provide confidence levels of image quality as functions of manufacturing and alignment errors. This analysis is an example of the "forward problem"— determining optical performance of a system if the errors are assumed. The inverse problem — determining the state of alignment based on measurements of performance — is more difficult. The solution to the inverse problem for a multiple mirror system requires an understanding of the complex coupling between many degrees of freedom (tilt, decenter, despace, shape error) of the optical elements and field-dependent aberrations.This work builds on previous treatment of field dependent optical aberrations from Tessieres, Thompson, Shack, Buchroeder and others. A basis set of field-dependent aberrations orthogonal over both field and pupil are developed here and used to describe systems with misaligned and misshapen optics. This description allows complete representation of high order and non-linear effects. The functional form of aberrations that are characteristic of mirror tilt, shift, and deformation show some useful patterns that provide insight to the fundamental effects of misalignment.The use of singular value decomposition to create orthogonal combinations of the field dependent aberrations provides a powerful tool for evaluating a system and for estimating the state of alignment using wavefront measurements. The following optical systems are evaluated to investigate the linear coupling between misalignment and the resulting field dependent aberrations:* 2-mirror telescopes, evaluating well-understood effects for an axisymmetric system and developing the relationships for an unobscured system.* 4-mirror correctors for a spherical primary telescope.The tools and methods are applied to reflective optical systems for astronomical telescopes, but the methods are general and can be useful for any optical imaging system.
A data path layout assembler for high performance DSP circuits (1990)

A system is presented which automatically generates layout of bit-sliced data paths in high performance DSP circuits. The system consists of a linear placement tool, a track assignment tool and detailed layout tools. In this paper we will present algorithms for linear placement of modules and routing track assignment across the modules. By taking advantage of the inherent structure of the circuits an A* based linear placement algorithm has produced better results compared to a simulated annealing based approach.
Steric Factors in Thermochromism of Spiropyrans and in Reactivities of Certain Methylene Groups (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSteric Factors in Thermochromism of Spiropyrans and in Reactivities of Certain Methylene GroupsC. F. KoelschCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1951, 16, 9, 1362–1370Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1951https://doi.org/10.1021/jo50003a005RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views410Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (605 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
EXPERIMENTAL HIGH ACCURACY MEASUREMENT IN ULTRASONIC COMPASS (2003)

A procedure to identify useful echoes\nparameters pre-estimation in an ultrasonic signal, to allow\nthe application off line of a Modified Maximum Likelihood\nEstimator (M.L.E.) [1] as been faced. An experimental\napplication, utilizing an ultrasonic medical scanner,\nsampled by an acquisition board is also presented.
<sup>131</sup>Xe, a New NMR Probe of Void Space in Solids (2001)

NRC publication: Yes
Long‐Term Experience with Biocompatible Ossicular Implants (1986)

The senior author's 8-year personal experience with biocompatible ossicular implants is reviewed. Four hundred sixty-one consecutive operations, in which high-density polyethylene sponge ossicular replacement prostheses were used, are grouped according to the Bellucci classification of chronic otitis media. The prostheses used were the drum-to-footplate prosthesis (TORP, total) and the drum-to-stapes prosthesis (PORP, partial). Each group's short- and long-term hearing results are compared. Prosthesis extrusion and persistent or recurrent conductive hearing loss are the most common causes of operation failure. Failures within each group are analyzed, and techniques to prevent these complications are outlined.
Systematic review of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome:virology, epidemiology, and clinical characteristics (2013)

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) was firstly discovered in China in 2010, followed by several reports from many other countries worldwide. SFTS virus (SFTSV) has been identified as the causative agent of the disease and has been recognized as a public health threat. This novel Bunyavirus belongs to the Phlebovirus genus in the family Bunyaviridae. This review also describes the different aspects of virology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, and clinical symptoms on the basis of the published article surveillance data and phylogenetic analyses of viral sequences of large, medium, and small segments retrieved from database using mega 5.05, simplot 3.5.1, network 4.611, and epi information system 3.5.3 software. SFTS presents with fever, thrombocytopenia, leukocytopenia, and considerable changes in several serum biomarkers. The disease has 10~15% mortality rate, commonly because of multiorgan dysfunction. SFTSV is mainly reported in the rural areas of Central and North-Eastern China, with seasonal occurrence from May to September, mainly targeting those of ≥50 years of age. A wide range of domesticated animals, including sheep, goats, cattle, pigs, dogs, and chickens have been proven seropositive for SFTSV. Ticks, especially Haemaphysalis longicornis, are suspected to be the potential vector, which have a broad animal host range in the world. More studies are needed to elucidate the vector-animal-human ecological cycle, the pathogenic mechanisms in high level animal models and vaccine development.
Donor-derived hematopoietic cells in organ transplantation: a major step toward allograft tolerance? (2003)

Infusion of donor-derived cells can improve organ allograft survival in animal models. Under certain conditions, it can even induce tolerance (i.e., unlimited organ survival without any maintenance immunosuppressive therapy). Use of nonmyeloablative regimens allows engraftment of donor-derived bone marrow cells, induction of mixed chimerism, and tolerance in rodents. High doses of bone marrow cells together with anti-T-cell antibodies can even result in mixed chimerism without cytoablative host conditioning. Cultured donor-derived CD34+ cells or donor-derived immature (or even mature) dendritic cells associated with monoclonal antibodies directed against co-stimulatory molecules might also induce tolerance. Among the numerous experimental protocols leading to tolerance of solid organs in animal models, how can we find our bearings in human transplantation? Numerous problems have yet to be solved: the type and amount of donor-derived cells (including stromal cells) to be used, the timing for infusion of donor cells in keeping with organ transplantation, the route of infusion (should it be intravenous, into the portal vein?), and the conditioning regimen. The first clinical trials would appear to indicate that tolerance induction in humans using donor-derived cells is a relatively safe solution that is both promising and realistic.
How users associate wireless devices (2011)

In a wireless world, users can establish connections between devices spontaneously, and unhampered by cables. However, in the absence of cables, what is the natural interaction to connect one device with another? A wide range of device association techniques have been demonstrated, but it has remained an open question what actions users would spontaneously choose for device association. We contribute a study eliciting device association actions from non-technical users without premeditation. Over 700 user-defined actions were collected for 37 different device combinations. We present a classification of user-defined actions, and observations of the users' rationale. Our findings indicate that there is no single most spontaneous action; instead five prominent categories of user-defined actions were found.
Dual Inductor Hybrid Converter for Point-of-Load Voltage Regulator Modules (2019)

Achieving high-efficiency power conversion with high power density for a large conversion ratio is crucially needed yet challenging in point-of-load applications because of increasing demands of loads. This article presents a new hybrid converter to address this need. The converter uses two interleaved inductors for complete soft charging of flying capacitors to provide high output currents with no capacitor hard-charge loss. This dual inductor hybrid (DIH) converter features a smaller number of switches and more effective switch utilization than a recently reported hybrid Dickson converter, yielding substantially less switch losses represented by smaller volt-ampere products and smaller equivalent output resistance. Converter operation principle is analyzed in detail to confirm the feasibility and benefits, and design considerations are provided to identify a practical design process. Experimental results verify the converter's operation principles and advantages with a 300-kHz 20-W prototype achieving 95.02% peak efficiency and 225-W/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> power density. The converter's advantages and performance make the point-of-load converter architecture a good candidate for demanding applications, such as in data centers, telecommunications, and high-performance digital systems.
Terrorism, Economics Of (2008)

This article provides a comprehensive study of the economic determinants of domestic and transnational terrorism and the role that the economy plays in fostering a more peaceful world. We describe the research associated with the microfoundations of terrorist groups and how they organize. We also analyse models of conflict resolution to investigate the relative importance of macroeconomic factors for domestic and transnational terrorism. We describe a number of data-sets employed by researchers in the field and end by describing the most recent research which investigates the linkages between terrorism, democratization, globalization and development.
The Vwa+ Virulence Factor of Yersiniae: The Molecular Basis of the Attendant Nutritional Requirement for Ca++ (1983)

The plague V antigen is a cytoplasmic 90,000-dalton peptide, and the W antigen is a primarily extracellular 145,000-dalton lipoprotein of unknown origin. Wild-type yersiniae undergo restriction of cell division when producing these plasmid-mediated virulence antigens (Vwa+) during cultivation at 37 C in Ca++-deficient media. In Yersinia pestis both restriction and synthesis of V and W antigens are potentiated in this environment by elevated Mg++ and prevented by Ca++ or exogenous nucleoside triphosphates. Restriction occurs by mechanisms that also are involved in nutritional stepdown (shutoff of stable RNA synthesis with reduction of nucleotide pools). Attendant regulatory mechanisms remain undefined; they are independent of MS nucleotides but may involve V antigen. Restriction is similar in Vwa+ Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia enterocolitica, which, unlike Y. pestis, produce ancillary outer membrane peptides. Synthesis of these activities is dependent on elevated temperature but may not be influenced by Ca++; their presence is associated with spontaneous autoagglutination in vitro.