gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neutralizing Antibodies Do Not Mediate Suppression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Elite Suppressors or Selection of Plasma Virus Variants in Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (2006)

Neutralizing antibodies (NAb) against autologous virus can reach high titers in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients with progressive disease. Less is known about the role of NAb in HIV-1-infected patients with viral loads of <50 copies/ml of plasma, including patients on effective highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and elite suppressors, who control HIV-1 replication without antiretroviral therapy. In this study, we analyzed full-length env sequences from plasma viruses and proviruses in resting CD4(+) T cells of HAART-treated patients, elite suppressors, and untreated HIV-1-infected patients with progressive disease. For each patient group, we assessed plasma virus neutralization by autologous, contemporaneous plasma. The degree of env diversity, the number of N-linked glycosylation sites, and the lengths of variable loops were all lower in elite suppressors than in HAART-treated and untreated viremic patients. Both elite suppressors and HAART-treated patients had lower titers of NAb against HIV-1 lab strains than those of untreated viremic patients. Surprisingly, titers of NAb against autologous, contemporaneous plasma viruses were similarly low in chronic progressors, elite suppressors, and HAART-treated patients. In elite suppressors and HAART-treated patients, titers of NAb against autologous plasma viruses also did not differ significantly from titers against autologous proviruses from resting CD4(+) T cells. These results suggest that high-titer NAb are not required for maintenance of viral suppression in elite suppressors and that NAb do not select plasma virus variants in most HAART-treated patients. Both drug-mediated and natural suppression of HIV-1 replication to levels below 50 copies/ml may limit the stimulation and maintenance of effective NAb responses.
The crested lizard hawk (Aviceda jerdoni) in the Philippines (1961)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
On-line measurement of texture and plastic strain ratio on steel sheets using laser-ultrasonics (1999)

Peer reviewed: Yes
Hyperglycemic Arterial Disturbed Flow Niche as an In Vitro Model of Atherosclerosis (2014)

Type 2 diabetes significantly elevates the risk of cardiovascular disease. This can be largely attributed to the adverse effects of hyperglycemic conditions on normal endothelial cell (EC) function. ECs in both large and small vessels are influenced by hyperglycemic conditions, which increase susceptibility to EC dysfunction and atherosclerotic lesion formation. Fluid shear stress and flow patterns play an essential role in atherogenesis: lesions form only at locations where fluid flow behavior can be classified as "disturbed flow" (i.e., low shear stress recirculation and/or retrograde flow). Since regions of disturbed flow are the focal points of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, we hypothesized that the combinatorial effects of high glucose and disturbed flow conditions elicit significantly different responses from ECs than high glucose alone. To validate our hypothesis, we used our endothelial cell culture model (ECCM) to establish vascular niches associated with "normal" and "disturbed" flow conditions typically seen in vivo along with physiological pressure and stretch. We subjected human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) to hyperglycemic conditions under both "normal" and "disturbed" flow. Our results confirm significant and quantifiable differences in phenotypic and functional markers between cells cultured under conditions of "normal" and "disturbed flow" under hyperglycemic conditions suggesting that elevated glucose in conjunction with "disturbed" flow conditions results in significantly higher level of EC dysfunction. The ECCM can therefore be used as a physiologically relevant model to study early stage hyperglycemia induced atherosclerosis for basic research, drug discovery, and screening and toxicity studies.
Demonstration of an Endo-glycosidase Acting on a Glycoprotein (1971)

Abstract Enzyme preparations from the culture fluid of Diplococcus pneumoniae released a radioactive oligosaccharide containing mannose and glucosamine from radiolabeled mouse myeloma γ-globulin and from its glycopeptide. Glucosaminitol was recovered from the released oligosaccharide after NaBH4 reduction and acid hydrolysis.
Study on organic acids and inorganic anions in tobacco by ion chromatography and cluster analysis. (2009)

An ultrasonic wave extraction combined with ion chromatography(IC) method for determination of 5 organic acids and 4 inorganic anions in tobacco was developed.Oxalic acids in tobacco mainly existed in the form of calcium salts that were difficult to dissolve in water,so they were extracted by 60 mL 0.15 mol/L HCl.Formic acid,acetic acid,malic acid,water-soluble Oxalic acid,citric acid,Cl-,NO-3,SO2-4 and PO3-4 in tobacco were extracted by ultrasonic wave with deionized water at 60℃ for 20 minutes,separated on a Dionex AS11-HC column,with IonPac AG11-HC as guard column and ASRS-ULTRAⅡas regenerative depressor.KOH solution was used as eluent.The analytes were detected by a conductivity detector.It was found that the recoveries of the method were between90.33% and 100.1%,the relative standard deviation was equal or less than 4.2%,the correlation coefficients of linear regression equations were from 0.9990 to 0.9999,and the detection limits in the range of 0.048~0.334 mg/L.The content of 5 organic acids in 23 tobacco samples were determined with this method,and the data were processed with cluster analysis.Results showed that the method can be used in comparison and classification of tobacco of different varieties,and the proportion distribution of 5 organic acids reflected clearly the characteristics of different cut tobaccos,which can be served as a reference in tobacco classification.
Utilization of a portable microchip gas chromatograph to identify and reduce fugitive emissions at a pharmaceutical manufacturing plant (1997)

Eli Lilly and Company utilizes a mass balance procedure to track solvent usage at its manufacturing and pilot plant locations. Although the mass balance procedure provides accurate usage information, it is not useful as a tool for rapid identification and quantitation of fugitive volatile organic compounds (VOCs). As government regulations and permitting requirements demanded more specific information, it became obvious that a system was needed for rapid identification and quantitation of fugitive VOCs. In 1991, Eli Lilly and Company investigated both technology and methodology which would identify and quantitate specific VOCs. The objective was to reduce fugitive VOC emissions by understanding both the sources of emissions and the operating parameters that allowed their occurrence. After reviewing existing technologies such as FT-IR, mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography, the company purchased five portable microchip gas chromatographs. These instruments were incorporated into a routine monitoring program that profiled various production facilities and tank farms for specific VOC emissions. Once baseline emissions were established, the instruments were strategically located to monitor the effect of various improvement activities. The result of using portable gas chromatographs to establish an emission profile was an 86% reduction in fugitive VOC emissions over a 2-year period. This article presents a portable gas chromatograph and sample interface that quantitates methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, acetone, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, methylene chloride, and toluene in 2 minutes. A typical linear range for these compounds is 5 ppm to 1%. The philosophy of incorporating this technology into routine manufacturing processes will also be discussed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Field Analyt Chem Technol 1:367–374, 1997
Translational pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of monoclonal antibodies (2016)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are an important therapeutic class with complex pharmacology and interdependent pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) properties. Understanding the PK and PD of mAbs and their biological and mechanistic underpinnings are crucial in enabling their design and selection, designing appropriate efficacy and toxicity studies, translating PK/PD parameters to humans, and optimizing dose and regimen to maximize success in the clinic. Significant progress has been made in this field however many critical questions still remain. This article gives a brief overview of the PK and PD of mAbs, factors that influence them, and areas of ongoing inquiry. Current tools and translational approaches to predict the PK/PD of mAbs in humans are also discussed.
Study on the inhibition of extract of bamboo leaves on micro-organism (2000)

The ethanol-acetic acid extract of bamboo leaves has wide inhibition on common pathogenil bacteria such as eacoli, bacillus subilis, staphylococcus and bacillus thuringiensis. What^s more, bacteriostasis effect will be heightened with action time lasting and extract concentration going up. But it has no inhibition on Rkizopus nigriccans and Aspergiuus niger.
Inhibition of Epoxide Derivatives on Chicken Calcium-Activated Neutral Protease (CANP) In Vitro and In Vivo1 (1980)

Journal Article Inhibition of Epoxide Derivatives on Chicken Calcium-Activated Neutral Protease (CANP) In Vitro and In Vivo Get access Hideo SUGITA, Hideo SUGITA *Division of Neuromuscular Research, National Center for Nervous, Mental and Muscular DisordersKodaira, Tokyo 187***Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of TokyoTokyo 113 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Shoichi ISHIURA, Shoichi ISHIURA *Division of Neuromuscular Research, National Center for Nervous, Mental and Muscular DisordersKodaira, Tokyo 187 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Koichi SUZUKI, Koichi SUZUKI Faculty of Medicine **Department of Biochemistry, The University of TokyoTokyo 113 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kazutomo IMAHORI Kazutomo IMAHORI **Department of Biochemistry, The University of TokyoTokyo 113 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Biochemistry, Volume 87, Issue 1, January 1980, Pages 339–341, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a132742 Published: 01 January 1980 Article history Received: 19 September 1979 Published: 01 January 1980
The generalized spectral kurtosis estimator (2010)

Abstract Due to its conceptual simplicity and its proven effectiveness in real-time detection and removal of radio frequency interference (RFI) from radio astronomy data, the spectral kurtosis (SK) estimator is likely to become a standard tool of a new generation of radio telescopes. However, the SK estimator in its original form must be developed from instantaneous power spectral density estimates, and hence cannot be employed as an RFI excision tool downstream of the data pipeline in existing instruments where any time averaging is performed. In this Letter, we develop a generalized estimator with wider applicability for both instantaneous and averaged spectral data, which extends its practical use to a much larger pool of radio instruments.
Beneficial effects of adding propranolol to multidose potassium cardioplegia. (1981)

The use of propranolol with multidose potassium cardioplegia was studied in 32 in situ canine hearts subjected to 90 minutes of global ischemia at 15 degrees C and 60 minutes of reperfusion at 37 degrees C. All hearts received potassium (37 mEq/l) every 30 minutes during ischemia. There were four groups of equal size: group 1 received no propranolol, group 2 received low-dose propranolol and group 3 received high-dose propranolol. Group 4 received high-dose propranolol only with the initial potassium infusion. Myocardial CO2 (PmCO2) was monitored by mass spectrometry as an indicator of metabolic activity. An intraventricular balloon was used to measure isovolumic developed pressure, maximal dP/dt and end-diastolic pressure (EDP) before and after ischemia. During ischemia, peak PmCO2 was significantly higher in group 1 (45.6 +/- 2.8 mm Hg) than in groups 2, 3 and 4 (35.2 +/- 2.8 mm Hg, 33.4 +/- 2.8 mm Hg and 30.4 +/0 2.8 mm Hg, respectively) (p less than 0.05). There were no differences between the four groups in systolic ventricular function assessed by developed pressure and dP/dt. Hearts that received high-dose propranolol had significantly lower EDP after 60 minutes of reperfusion (group 3 13.3 +/- 1.5 mm Hg, group 4 10.4 +/0 1.5 mm Hg) compared with group 1 hearts (25.3 +/- 3.8 mm Hg, p less than 0.05). Hearts in groups 3 and 4 exhibited less ischemic injury as assessed by electron microscopy than hearts in groups 1 and 2. These data show that propranolol added to multidose potassium cardioplegia reduced metabolic activity during ischemia and improved ventricular compliance during reperfusion without depressing systolic function. Because left ventricular compliance and morphologic preservation were similar in groups 3 and 4, it appears that a single high dose of propranolol is sufficient and that subsequent doses do not further enhance the beneficial effects.
INTEGRATION, AT <i>HAG</i> OR ELSEWHERE, OF <i>H2</i> (PHASE-2 FLAGELLIN) GENES TRANSDUCED FROM SALMONELLA TO <i>ESCHERICHIA COLI</i> (1975)

A fla mutant of E. coli K12 was given fla+ and H1-i by phage P1kc cotransduction from S. typhimurium, then made Fla- by transduction of ah1 from S. typhimurium. Motile clones expressing a Salmonella phase-2 antigen, e,n,x or 1,2, were obtained from the K12 i ah1 (therefore Fla-) line by P1kc transduction of flagellin-specifying genes, H2-e,n,x or H2-1,2, from Salmonella donors. Of eighteen such transductants sixteen failed to show phase variation, and on transduction back to Salmonella each structural gene for a phase-2 flagellin (or at least for its antigenically determinant part) now behaved as an allele of H1, presumably in consequence of incorporation in the hag region of the K12 recipient, in place of H1-i ah1. The e,n,x- and 1,2-specifying genes were shown to have been integrated in the K12 chromosome without the linked H1-repressor gene or the adjacent vh2 gene (controlling rate of phase-variation) and they responded to the repressing activity of an H2 allele elsewhere in the cell, in this respect resembling H1 alleles of Salmonella or hag alleles of E. coli. Two K12 e,n,x transductants had flagellin-specifying genes which when transduced back to Salmonella were integrated at H2; they are inferred to have resulted from integration of H2-e,n,x in the K12 chromosome elsewhere than the hag region. These two clones showed phase variation, between a Fla+ phase, with antigen e,n,x, and a Fla- phase (with e,n,x determinant in the nonactive state and the determinant of antigen i inactivated by ah1). The two integrated e,n,x genes when in the "active" state retained the ability to repress expression of exogenote H1 alleles, which indicates that the closely linked H1-repressor gene also was integrated. One of the two exceptional transductants derived its e,n,x gene from a Salmonella donor with the linked vh2- gene, which in Salmonella almost entirely prevents change of phase, and transduction of this e,n,x gene back to Salmonella recipients proved that vh2- had been incorporated into the E. coli chromosome along with the e,n,x determinant and the H1-repressor gene. The high frequency of change of phase (Fla+ in equilibrium Fla-) in the K12 e,n,x vh2- transductant concerned suggests that vh2- fails to prevent frequent change of state of the phase-determined part of H2 when vh2- and H2 are incorporated in the E. coli chromosome.
Unidirectional frequency conversion in microring resonators for on-chip frequency-multiplexed single-photon sources (2019)

Microring resonators are attractive for low-power frequency conversion via Bragg-scattering fourwave-mixing due to their comb-like resonance spectrum, which allows resonant enhancement of all four waves while maintaining energy and momentum conservation. However, the symmetry of such mode structures limits the conversion efficiency to 50% due to the equal probability of up-and downconversion. Here, we demonstrate how two coupled microrings enable highly directional conversion between the spectral modes of one of the rings. An extinction between up-and down-conversion of more than 40 dB is experimentally observed. Based on this method, we propose a design for on-chip multiplexed single-photon sources that probabilistically generate photon pairs across many frequency modes of a ring resonator and subsequently convert them to a single frequency-thereby enabling quasi-deterministic photon emission. Our numerical analysis shows that once a photon is generated, it can be converted and emitted into a wave packet having a 90% overlap with a Gaussian with 99% efficiency for a ratio between intrinsic and coupling quality factors of 400.
Combining Amine Metabolomics and Quantitative Proteomics of Cancer Cells Using Derivatization with Isobaric Tags (2014)

Quantitative metabolomics and proteomics technologies are powerful approaches to explore cellular metabolic regulation. Unfortunately, combining the two technologies typically requires different LC-MS setups for sensitive measurement of metabolites and peptides. One approach to enhance the analysis of certain classes of metabolites is by derivatization with various types of tags to increase ionization and chromatographic efficiency. We demonstrate here that derivatization of amine metabolites with tandem mass tags (TMT), typically used in multiplexed peptide quantitation, facilitates amino acid analysis by standard nanoflow reversed-phase LC-MS setups used for proteomics. We demonstrate that this approach offers the potential to perform experiments at the MS1-level using duplex tags or at the MS2-level using novel 10-plex reporter ion-containing isobaric tags for multiplexed amine metabolite analysis. We also demonstrate absolute quantitative measurements of amino acids conducted in parallel with multiplexed quantitative proteomics, using similar LC-MS setups to explore cellular amino acid regulation. We further show that the approach can also be used to determine intracellular metabolic labeling of amino acids from glucose carbons.
Optimization of reovirus production from mouse L‐929 cells in suspension culture (2004)

Reovirus serotype 3 Dearing (T3D) has shown potential as a novel cancer therapy. To support the increasing demand for reovirus, a two-stage perfusion mode scheme is proposed for cell growth and reovirus production. Mouse L-929 cells were used as the host for reovirus infection due to their ability to grow well in suspension culture. Several L-929 cell growth and reovirus infection characteristics were investigated and optimized in spinner flask batch cultures. For the growth of L-929 cells, a balanced nutrient-fortification of SMEM medium increased the maximum cell density by 30%, compared to normal SMEM; however, ammonia and lactate accumulations were found to inhibit further cell growth. For the production of reovirus, approximately 90% increase in viral yield resulted when the infection temperature was reduced from 37 to 33 degrees C. Infectious reovirus particles were shown to be stable in conditioned medium at 37 and 33 degrees C. The final virus titer was dependent on the multiplicity of infection (MOI) and the host cell density at the time of infection. A combination of an MOI of 0.1 pfu/cell and an initial host cell density of 1.0 x 10(6) cells/mL in fortified medium resulted in a maximum virus titer of (4.59 +/- 0.16) x 10(9) pfu/mL and a specific yield of (2.34 +/- 0.08) x 10(3) pfu/cell. At an optimal harvest time of the infection process, 99% of the virus was associated with the cellular debris. Finally, the presence of 5.0 mM ammonia in the culture medium was shown to seriously inhibit the reovirus yield, whereas lactate concentrations up to 20 mM had no effect.
CdTe and CdSe quantum dots: synthesis, characterizations and applications in agriculture (2012)

This paper highlights the results of the whole work including the synthesis of highly luminescent quantum dots (QDs), characterizations and testing applications of them in different kinds of sensors. Concretely, it presents: (i) the successful synthesis of colloidal CdTe and CdSe QDs, their core/shell structures with single- and/or double-shell made by CdS, ZnS or ZnSe/ZnS; (ii) morphology, structural and optical characterizations of the synthesized QDs; and (iii) testing examples of QDs as the fluorescence labels for agricultural-bio-medical objects (for tracing residual pesticide in agricultural products, residual clenbuterol in meat/milk and for detection of H5N1 avian influenza virus in breeding farms). Overall, the results show that the synthesized QDs have very good crystallinity, spherical shape and strongly emit at the desired wavelengths between ∼500 and 700 nm with the luminescence quantum yield (LQY) of 30–85%. These synthesized QDs were used in fabrication of the three testing fluorescence QD-based sensors for the detection of residual pesticides, clenbuterol and H5N1 avian influenza virus. The specific detection of parathion methyl (PM) pesticide at a content as low as 0.05 ppm has been realized with the biosensors made from CdTe/CdS and CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS QDs and the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzymes. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based nanosensors using CdTe/CdS QDs conjugated with 2-amino-8-naphthol-6-sulfonic acid were fabricated that enable detection of diazotized clenbuterol at a content as low as 10 pg ml−1. For detection of H5N1 avian influenza virus, fluorescence biosensors using CdTe/CdS QDs bound on the surface of chromatophores extracted and purified from bacteria Rhodospirillum rubrum were prepared and characterized. The specific detection of H5N1 avian influenza virus in the range of 3–50 ng μl−1 with a detection limit of 3 ng μL−1 has been performed based on the antibody-antigen recognition.
Measurement methods and properties of anisotropic flows excited by bulk force (2002)

This paper presents a potential-difference method for experimental measurement of velocity characteristics in stable (unstable) shear flows and vortex structures generated in liquid metal by electromagnetic force in an external uniform magnetic field. These include averaged velocity and stream-function distributions, perturbation intensities and spectra and relations allowing estimation of the relative error for the relevance of the method. Using in this work a magnetic method allows measurement of drag coefficient at overflow a body; experiments with a cylinder parallel to the field at no large MHD interaction parameter are in good agreement with known works on investigation of cylinder drag coefficient without magnetic field. The method discovers a considerable decrease of cylinder drag coefficient at moderate this parameter. In order to study the dynamics of large-scale geostrophic nature flows in MHD laboratory scale, we performed a correlation of governing parameters and compared their values in these both cases. The results confirm a possibility of modelling of these flows.
The Beer Brewing Process: Wort Production and Beer Fermentation (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Brewhouse Operations Beer Fermentation References