gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A high-speed dynamic instruction scheduling scheme for superscalar processors (2001)

The wakeup logic is a part of the issuing window and is responsible to manage the ready flags of the operands for dynamic instruction scheduling. The conventional wakeup logic is based on association, and composed of a RAM and a CAM. Since the logic is not pipelinable and the delays of these memories are dominated by the wire delays, the logic will be more critical with deeper pipelines and smaller feature sizes. This paper describes a new scheduling scheme not based on the association but on matrices which represent the dependences between instructions. Since the update logic of the matrices detects the dependencies between instructions as the register renaming logic does, the wakeup operation is realized by just reading the matrices. This paper also describes a technique to reduce the effective size of the matrices for small IPC penalties. We designed the layouts of the logics guided by a 0.18µm CMOS design rule provided by Fujitsu Limited, and calculated the delays. We also evaluated the penalties by cycle-level simulation. The results show that our scheme achieves 2.7GHz clock speed for the IPC degradation of about 1%.
Visible light communication using OFDM (2006)

In this paper wireless communication using white, high brightness LEDs (light emitting diodes) is considered. In particular, the use of OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) for intensity modulation is investigated. The high peak-to-average ratio (PAR) in OFDM is usually considered a disadvantage in radio frequency transmission systems due to non-linearities of the power amplifier. It is demonstrated theoretically and by means of an experimental system that the high PAR in OFDM can be exploited constructively in visible light communication to intensity modulate LEDs. It is shown that the theoretical and the experimental results match very closely, and that it is possible to cover a distance of up to one meter using a single LED
<i>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</i> mhp379 Is a Ca <sup>2+</sup> -Dependent, Sugar-Nonspecific Exonuclease Exposed on the Cell Surface (2007)

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae mhp379 is a putative lipoprotein that shares significant amino acid sequence similarity with a family of bacterial thermostable nucleases. To examine the nuclease activity of mhp379, the gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli following the deletion of the amino-terminal signal sequence and prokaryotic lipoprotein cleavage site and mutagenesis of the mycoplasma TGA tryptophan codons to TGG. The recombinant fusion protein yielded a 33-kDa thrombin cleavage product, corresponding in size to the mature mhp379 protein. Exonuclease activity was indicated by agarose gel electrophoresis analysis of the reaction products that were released when different nucleic acid substrates were used. Endonuclease activity was also indicated by the digestion of closed circular plasmid DNA. The recombinant mhp379 fusion protein completely digested single-stranded DNA, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), and RNA. The optimal reaction conditions were determined with a novel nuclease assay based on the enhancement of fluorescence of SYBR green I bound to dsDNA. Optimal activity was observed in the presence of calcium ions at a concentration of 15 mM and a pH of 9.5. No nuclease activity was observed in the absence of calcium ions. Mycoplasmas do not have the ability to synthesize nucleic acid precursors, and thus, nucleases are likely to be important in the acquisition of precursors for the synthesis of nucleic acids. Homologs of an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transport system were identified immediately downstream of the gene encoding mhp379, and two homologs of M. pneumoniae lipoprotein multigene family 2 were also identified immediately upstream. Homologs of mhp379 were identified in the sequenced genomes of a number of mycoplasma species, and in most cases the homologous ABC transport system was identified immediately downstream of the homologous gene; in several cases a homolog of M. pneumoniae lipoprotein multigene family 2 was also identified immediately upstream. These observations suggest that mhp379 comprises part of a conserved ABC transport operon in mycoplasmas and that the exonuclease activity of mhp379 may be associated with the conserved function of the ABC transport system in the import of nucleic acid precursors. This is the first study to identify the gene and characterize the activity of a mycoplasma exonuclease.
Use of ibuprofen sustained release for treating osteoarthritic pain: findings from 15 general medical practices in Egypt (2014)

The combined treatment provided effective relief of pain in patients with osteoarthritis in a large real-life general medical practice setting in Egypt. Owing to its convenient once-daily dosing regimen, ibuprofen SR may enhance patient compliance.
3,4-Propylenedioxypyrrole-Based Conjugated Oligomers <i>via</i> Pd-Mediated Decarboxylative Cross Coupling (2010)

An effective decarboxylative cross-coupling involving a 3,4-dioxypyrrole is reported. Several conjugated oligomers were synthesized in high yields using various aryl bromides. No copper salt or other transmetalating agent was required. The reaction conditions employed displayed relatively low sensitivity toward the presence of water.
Test-retest reproducibility of extrastriatal dopamine D2 receptor imaging with [123I]epidepride SPECT in humans. (2000)

Brain radioactivity was the main source of variability for quantification of extrastriatal D2 receptors with [123I]epidepride. The reproducibility of outcome measures in extrastriatal regions was good. However, because receptor density was lower in extrastriatal regions than in the striatum, the counting statistics in these regions were low and reproducibility was affected by the higher test-retest variability of brain-specific radioactivity. Compared with V3 and V3', RT showed less test-retest variability in the thalamus and temporal cortex but lower reliability. Moreover, measurement of RT may be affected by the presence of potential lipophilic metabolites entering the brain.
REACTIONS OF RABBITS TO INTRACUTANEOUS INJECTIONS OF PNEUMOCOCCI AND THEIR PRODUCTS (1930)

1. Injection of suspensions of heat-killed pneumococci into the skin of rabbits is followed by an active immunity which is effective against intravenous infection by homologous and heterologous types of Pneumococcus. 2. This form of active immunity may be induced by the injection of S or R strains of Pneumococcus. 3. Intracutaneous immunization with soluble derivatives of Pneumococcus does not induce active immunity to infection. 4. The sera of seventy-nine per cent of the rabbits immunized to Type I Pneumococcus by intracutaneous injections afforded no protection to mice against infection with pneumococci. 5. None of the sera of rabbits intracutaneously immunized to the type-specific Type III (S) pneumococci, to R cells, or to soluble derivatives of Pneumococcus protected white mice against infection. 6. The sera of rabbits immunized first intracutaneously and subsequently intravenously possess a high titre of protective antibodies. 7. It may be concluded that when type-specific pneumococci are injected into the skin they lose the property of stimulating an active immunity of a specific type and of stimulating the production of type-specific antibodies, but they act just as do the degraded or R forms, causing the animals to become resistant to infection with pneumococci of all types without the development of any type-specific antibodies in the serum.
Antimicrobial activity of metal oxide nanoparticles against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria: a comparative study (2012)

Among the three metal oxide nanomaterials, ZnO showed greatest antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria used in this study. It was observed that ZnO nanoparticles have excellent bactericidal potential, while Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticles exhibited the least bactericidal activity. The order of antibacterial activity was demonstrated to be the following: ZnO > CuO > Fe(2)O(3).
Tetranortriterpenes from Melia volkensii (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTetranortriterpenes from Melia volkensiiMohamed S. Rajab and Michael D. BentleyCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1988, 51, 5, 840–844Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 September 1988https://doi.org/10.1021/np50059a004RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views184Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (260 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Light and Color (1982)

The Physical Nature of Light. The Origin of Color. Colorimetry -- Describing and Measuring Color. Color Vision. The Appearance of Objects. Geometric Optics. Applied Geometrical Optics. Wave Optics. Light and Color in Nature. Appendixes.
Intelligent Data Engineering for Migration to NoSQL Based Secure Environments (2019)

In an era of super computing, data is increasing exponentially requiring more proficiency from the available technologies of data storage, data processing, and analysis. Such continuous massive growth of structured and unstructured data is referred to as a “Big data”. The processing and storage of big data through a conventional technique is not possible. Due to improved proficiency of Big Data solution in handling data, such as NoSQL caused the developers in the previous decade to start preferring big data databases, such as Apache Cassandra, Oracle, and NoSQL. NoSQL is a modern database technology that is designed to provide scalability to support voluminous data, leading to the rise of NoSQL as the most viable database solution. These modern databases aim to overcome the limitations of relational databases such as unlimited scalability, high performance, data modeling, data distribution, and continuous availability. These days, the larger enterprises need to shift NoSQL databases due to their more flexible models. It is a great challenge for business organizations and enterprises to transform their existing databases to NoSQL databases considering heterogeneity and complexity in relational data. In addition, with the emergence of big data, data cleansing has become a great challenge. In this paper, we proposed an approach that has two modules: data transformation and data cleansing module. The first phase is the transformation of a relational database to Oracle NoSQL database through model transformation. The second phase provides data cleansing ability to improve data quality and prepare it for big data analytics. The experiments show the proposed approach successfully transforms the relational database to a big data database and improve data quality.
Exchange of an Imido Ligand in Bis(imido) Complexes of Uranium (2006)

Addition of B(C6H5)3.H2O to U(NtBu)2I2(THF)2 provides U(NtBu)(O)I2(THF)2, a complex with a trans arrangement of the oxo and imido ligands. A DFT study on the Ph3PO adduct, U(NtBu)(O)I2(Ph3PO)2, reveals that there are six bonding orbitals in the O=U=N interaction, much like the bis(imido) N=U=N interaction. However, the calculations suggest that the multiple bonding in the oxo imido complexes is less covalent than that in the bis(imido) analogues.
The effects of an armor-based sift environment on the performance and dependability of user applications (2004)

Few, distributed software-implemented fault tolerance (SIFT) environments have been experimentally evaluated using substantial applications to show that they protect both themselves and the applications from errors. We present an experimental evaluation of a SIFT environment used to oversee spaceborne applications as part of the Remote Exploration and Experimentation (REE) program at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The SIFT environment is built around a set of self-checking ARMOR processes running on different machines that provide error detection and recovery services to themselves and to the REE applications. An evaluation methodology is presented in which over 28,000 errors were injected into both the SIFT processes and two representative REE applications. The experiments were split into three groups of error injections, with each group successively stressing the SIFT error detection and recovery more than the previous group. The results show that the SIFT environment added negligible overhead to the application's execution time during failure-free runs. Correlated failures affecting a SIFT process and application process are possible, but the division of detection and recovery responsibilities in the SIFT environment allows it to recover from these multiple failure scenarios. Only 28 cases were observed in which either the application failed to start or the SIFT environment failed to recognize that the application had completed. Further investigations showed that assertions within the SIFT processes-coupled with object-based incremental checkpointing-were effective in preventing system failures by protecting dynamic data within the SIFT processes.
Increased Cancer-Related Mortality for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Who Use Sulfonylureas or Insulin (2006)

Patients with type 2 diabetes exposed to sulfonylureas and exogenous insulin had a significantly increased risk of cancer-related mortality compared with patients exposed to metformin. It is uncertain whether this increased risk is related to a deleterious effect of sulfonylurea and insulin or a protective effect of metformin or due to some unmeasured effect related to both choice of therapy and cancer risk.
The Sterol Carrier Protein SCP-x/Pro-SCP-2 Gene Has Transcriptional Activity and Regulates the Alzheimer Disease γ-Secretase (2007)

The sterol carrier protein SCP-x/pro-SCP-2 gene is a fusion gene having two initiation sites that generate a long (SCP-x; 58.9-kDa) and a short (pro-SCP-2; 15.4-kDa) product, both containing the common SCP-2 module at the C terminus. Here, we show that SCP-x is processed on the peroxisomal surface to liberate a short C-terminal product of 12.9 kDa. This fragment has DNA binding activity in vivo and in vitro, as assessed by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis, DNA-protein pull-down, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and luciferase reporter activity. In addition, it is preferentially found in the nucleus where it regulates the transcription of CD147, the regulatory subunit of the Alzheimer disease gamma-secretase. Overexpression of SCP-x increased, whereas antisense oligonucleotides against scp-x decreased, the generation of the above transcription factor. Both biochemical and genetic approaches indicate that pro-SCP-2 acts as a competitive inhibitor of SCP-x processing, thereby controlling the release of the 12.9-kDa transcriptionally active fragment. The transcription regulatory function of pro-SCP-2 requires a peroxisomal targeting sequence at the C terminus and a 20-amino acid leading sequence at the N terminus. Finally, pro-SCP-2 has also cholesterol carrier activity, which is functionally separated from the transcription regulatory one. In conclusion, we have identified two novel functions (transcriptional and transcription regulatory) of the SCP-x/pro-SCP-2 gene that have impact on gamma-secretase activity.
ViraMiner: Deep Learning on Raw DNA Sequences for Identifying Viral Genomes in Human Samples (2019)

ABSTRACT Despite its clinical importance, detection of highly divergent or yet unknown viruses is a major challenge. When human samples are sequenced, conventional alignments classify many assembled contigs as “unknown” since many of the sequences are not similar to known genomes. In this work, we developed ViraMiner, a deep learning-based method to identify viruses in various human biospecimens. ViraMiner contains two branches of Convolutional Neural Networks designed to detect both patterns and pattern-frequencies on raw metagenomics contigs. The training dataset included sequences obtained from 19 metagenomic experiments which were analyzed and labeled by BLAST. The model achieves significantly improved accuracy compared to other machine learning methods for viral genome classification. Using 300 bp contigs ViraMiner achieves 0.923 area under the ROC curve. To our knowledge, this is the first machine learning methodology that can detect the presence of viral sequences among raw metagenomic contigs from diverse human samples. We suggest that the proposed model captures different types of information of genome composition, and can be used as a recommendation system to further investigate sequences labeled as “unknown” by conventional alignment methods. Exploring these highly-divergent viruses, in turn, can enhance our knowledge of infectious causes of diseases.
Single crystal Fe films grown on InAs(100) by molecular beam epitaxy (1998)

Thin Fe films have been grown on InAs(100) by molecular beam epitaxy, and studied using in situ magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE), low energy electron diffraction (LEED), and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Despite the large lattice mismatch between Fe and InAs, the growth of Fe on InAs at 175 °C was found to be epitaxial with the orientation relationship Fe(100)〈001〉‖InAs(100)〈001〉, as evidenced by LEED. STM images indicate that growth proceeds via a 3D Volmer–Weber mode. The magnetic hysteresis loops measured using in situ MOKE show a distinct cubic anisotropy with the easy axis along 〈001〉, the easy axis of bulk bcc Fe, which further confirms that well ordered single crystal Fe films have been stabilized on the InAs(100) substrate. Current–voltage measurements in the temperature range of 2.5–304 K show that Fe forms an ohmic contact on InAs. We propose that Fe/InAs is a suitable heterostructure for magnetoelectronic devices as, unlike Fe/GaAs, there is no Schottky barrier to electron transport.
Current, experimental, and future treatments in inflammatory bowel disease: a clinical review (2018)

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) may result from dysregulated mucosal immune responses directed toward the resident intestinal microbiota. This review describes the hallmark immunobiology of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis as well as therapeutic targets and mechanisms of action for current, experimental, and future treatments in IBD. Conventional therapies include 5-aminosalicylic acid, glucocorticosteroids, thiopurines, and methotrexate. Since 1997, monoclonal antibodies have gained widespread use. These consist of antibodies directed against pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-12, and IL-23, or anti-homing antibodies directed against α4β7 integrin. Emerging oral therapies include modulators of intracellular signal transduction such as Janus kinase inhibitors. Vitamin D may help to regulate innate and adaptive immune responses. Modulation of the intestinal microbiota, using live microorganisms (probiotics), substrates for the colonic microbiota (prebiotics), or fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), is in development. Dietary supplements are in widespread use, but providing evidence for their benefit is challenging. Stem cell treatment and nervous stimulation are promising future treatments.
Identifying pioneer bacterial species responsible for biofouling membrane bioreactors (2005)

More effective control of membrane biofouling in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) lies in the fundamental understanding of the pioneer microorganisms responsible for surface colonization that leads to biofilm formation. In this study, the composition of the planktonic and sessile microbial communities inhabiting four laboratory-scale MBR systems were compared using amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) and 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequencing. The ARDRA results suggest that the microbial communities on membrane surfaces could be very different from the ones in the suspended biomass. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences provided a list of bacteria that might be the pioneers of surface colonization on microfiltration membranes. The results further suggested that research on the mechanisms of cell attachment in such an engineering environment could be critical for future development of appropriate biofouling control strategies.
Mercury‐Free Detection of Europium (III) at a Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Carbon Nanotubes by Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry (2006)

Abstract A multi‐wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and Nafion composite film‐modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is described for the detection of europium (III) by differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry. In pH 4.2 NaAc–HAc buffer solution, Eu3+ is first exchanged by Nafion and absorbed on the surface of MWCNTs film. The accumulated Eu3+ then undergoes a one‐electron reduction around −0.7 V during the potential sweep from −0.1 to −1.0 V. The MWCNTs–Nafion film significantly improves the sensitivity of Eu3+ determination compared with a bare GCE and a Nafion‐coated GCE. The differential pulse stripping voltammetric (DPSV) signal changes linearly with the concentration of Eu3+ in a wide range from 4.0×10−8 to 1.0×10−4 M. The detection limit is estimated to be 10 nM for 60 s accumulation at −0.1 V. Lots of inorganic ions and all of the other rare earth ions do not give characteristic voltammetric responses in the developed operation. The sensitivity and stability of this MWCNTs–Nafion GCE has demonstrated its application for a rapid and mercury‐free detection of trace Eu3+ in NIES CRM No. 8 vehicle exhaust particulates. Keywords: Carbon nanotubesNafioneuropiumchemically modified electrodedifferential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry The authors are grateful to the financial support from the National Science Foundation of China (Nos. 30370397 and 60571042).
Preparation of 4‐butylaniline‐bonded silica gel for the solid‐phase extraction of flavone glycosides (2015)

To extract flavone glycosides efficiently, a new extraction material based on 4-butylaniline-bonded silica gel was prepared using a two-step grafting method including a ring-opening reaction and synchronous hydrolysis. Preparation of the silica-based material was easily achieved under mild conditions, and the material was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The material was used in solid-phase extraction, and the extraction can be performed in neutral conditions without regard to ionic strength. Selectivity tests of 14 compounds on the extraction cartridge showed that the material has a high affinity to flavone glycosides in contrast to octadecyl silica, and the extraction yields for four flavone glycosides were found to be >93%. Selectivity tests further reveal that the adsorption on its surface is likely attributed to multiple interactions, including hydrophobic interactions, π-π interactions, and hydrogen bonding. To explore the applicability of 4-butylaniline-bonded silica gel, naringin and hesperidin from Simotang oral liquid were extracted, and the extraction yields were >90%, which is distinguished from <28% on octadecyl silica cartridge.