gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controlled subperiosteal tissue expansion to facilitate GBR for the placement of endosseous dental implants. (1999)

The success of endosseous dental implants is enhanced when sufficient bone is present to stabilize the implant. If adequate bone for full coverage of the implant is not possible, then the use of guided bone regeneration to regenerate the missing bone has been shown to be a predictable solution. Defect size can often limit the amount of soft tissue available for coverage of the membrane, which is essential in obtaining an optimal result when using regenerative and osseointegrative principles. The treatment philosophy demonstrated in this case report uses controlled subperiosteal tissue expansion to facilitate the incorporation of guided bone regeneration with the subsequent placement of endosseous dental implants. This treatment modality provided a successful treatment for an otherwise compromised case.
18S rRNA Gene Variation among Common Airborne Fungi, and Development of Specific Oligonucleotide Probes for the Detection of Fungal Isolates (2003)

In this study, we sequenced 18S rRNA genes (rDNA) from 49 fungal strains representing 31 species from 15 genera. Most of these species are common airborne fungi and pathogens that may cause various public health concerns. Sequence analysis revealed distinct divergence between Zygomycota and Ascomycota. Within Ascomycota, several strongly supported clades were identified that facilitate the taxonomic placement of several little-studied fungi. Wallemia appeared as the group most diverged from all the other Ascomycota species. Based on the 18S rDNA sequence variation, 108 oligonucleotide probes were designed for each genus and species included in this study. After homology searches and DNA hybridization evaluations, 33 probes were verified as genus or species specific. The optimal hybridization temperatures to achieve the best specificity for these 33 probes were determined. These new probes can contribute to the molecular diagnostic research for environmental monitoring.
Regulatory T cell-like activity of Foxp3+ adult T cell leukemia cells (2005)

Adult T cell leukemia (ATL) is an aggressive neoplastic disease, in which a quarter of the patients develop opportunistic infections due to cellular immunodeficiency. However, the underlying mechanism responsible for the immunosuppression has remained unclear. Recent studies have demonstrated that the leukemia cells from a subset of patients with ATL express Foxp3, a specific marker for CD25+CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells, which regulate the immune response by suppressing CD4+ T cell functions. However, whether there is a functional resemblance between ATL cells that have Foxp3 expression and Treg cells is still unknown. In this report, we confirmed the high expression of Foxp3 in leukemia cells from 5 of 12 ATL patients and demonstrated that ATL cells from 3 patients suppressed the proliferation of CD4+ T cells. Similarly, one of six HTLV-I-infected cell lines showed both high Foxp3 expression and suppressive activity. Like Treg cells, the suppression induced by the ATL cells from two patients and the HTLV-infected cell line appeared to be mediated by a cell-cell contact-dependent mechanism. Nevertheless, among the ATL cells that strongly expressed Foxp3, those from two of the five patients showed no apparent suppressive activity. Furthermore, retroviral transfection of Foxp3 did not confer any suppressive function on low Foxp3-expressing HTLV-I-infected cell lines. These results indicate that Foxp3 may be essential but is not sufficient for the Treg-cell-like suppressive activity of ATL cells and HTLV-I-infected cell lines.
Experimental Study on Thickness and Surface Roughness of Co-Sputtered Titanium and Alumina Films (2019)

Titanium (Ti) and Alumina (Al2O3) thin films have been coated using co-sputtering technique on SS304, Copper substrates. Magnetron sputtering technique has been employed, in this Direct current and Radio Frequency powers have been used in the presence of argon gas to sputter Ti and Al2O3 respectively. Experimental runs are planned by Design of Experiments (DOE) approach. Investigations have been conducted to determine optimize conditions for thickness and surface roughness of the thin films. It is vital to have a precise knowledge of film thickness and its roughness. Both of these have been measured in terms of nanometer using surface profilometer and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) respectively
Laser to single-mode fiber assembly using an electroforming technique (1991)

One of the most difficult problems in coupling laser diodes to single-mode fibers is maintaining alignment while the two components are locked into place. The authors report a novel approach to the lockup process that uses electroforming. This technique solves the isolation and train relief problem by locking the laser and fiber into a single structure rather than by mounting both to a common base. With this novel technique and simple butt coupling, coupling efficiencies as high as 14% have been achieved with very little alignment shift during lockup. The completed structure is at least 100 times smaller in volume than conventional packages and provides strain relief and isolation from mechanical disturbances.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of a Twin-Screw D<sub>2</sub>Extruder for the ITER Pellet Injection System (2009)

A twin-screw extruder for the ITER pellet injection system is under development at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The extruder will provide a stream of solid hydrogen isotopes to a secondary section, where pellets are cut and accelerated with single-stage gas gun into the plasma. A one-fifth ITER scale prototype extruder has been built to produce a continuous solid deuterium extrusion.Deuterium gas is precooled and liquefied before being introduced into the extruder. The precooler consists of a copper vessel containing liquid nitrogen surrounded by a deuterium gas filled copper coil. The liquefier is comprised of a copper cylinder connected to a Cryomech AL330 cryocooler, which is surrounded by a copper coil that the precooled deuterium flows through. The lower extruder barrel is connected to a Cryomech GB-37 cryocooler to solidify the deuterium (at 15 K) before it is forced through the extruder nozzle.A viewport located below the extruder nozzle provides a direct view of the extrusion. A camera is used to document the extrusion quality and duration. A data acquisition system records the extruder temperatures, torque, and speed, upstream, and downstream pressures. This paper will describe the prototype twin-screw extruder and initial extrusion results.
Seed-Mediated Growth Technique for the Preparation of a Silver Nanoshell on a Silica Sphere (2003)

Silver−silica composite particles with a core−shell structure were been obtained. The thickness of the silver nanoshell could be easily tailored by varying the number of deposition cycles. The method for fabricating such particles was based on a seed-mediated growth technique, where metal silver nanoparticles tethered on a silica sphere served as nucleation sites for the growth of a silver nanoshell overlayer. The approach using seeds of the same materials as the shell metal could avoid effects caused by additional metals. Such seeding enlargement of the tethered nanoparticles helped to plant a complete and a more close-packed silver shell layer. The optical properties of core−shell particles had been investigated. By changing the thickness of the silver nanoshell, the optical properties could be tailored as expected.
Detection of the von Hippel-Lindau gene deletion in cytologic specimens using microdissection and the polymerase chain reaction. (1994)

Previous studies have demonstrated von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene abnormalities in renal cell carcinoma. Archival cytologic samples of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) from two patients were evaluated for allelic loss of the VHL gene. Small clusters of renal carcinoma cells were dissected from cytocentrifuge preparations under direct microscopic visualization followed by single-step DNA extraction and subsequent polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Amplification of DNA from the harvested tumor cells demonstrated a loss of heterozygosity at the VHL gene in five RCC specimens obtained from two patients. The combination of microdissection and PCR enabled DNA studies to be performed on a pure population of tumor cells isolated from heterogeneous samples containing admixed normal cellular elements. Selected genetic studies performed on microscopically targeted cells will help to further the biologic and cytomorphologic characterization of the targeted cell population.
High-level expression of Egr-1 and Egr-1–inducible genes in mouse and human atherosclerosis (2000)

To understand the mRNA transcript profile in the human atherosclerotic lesion, RNA was prepared from the fibrous cap versus adjacent media of 13 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. cDNA expression arrays bearing 588 known genes indicated that lesions express unexpectedly high levels of the early growth response gene, Egr-1 (NGFI-A), a zinc-finger transcription factor that modulates a cluster of stress-responsive genes including PDGF and TGF-beta. Expression of Egr-1 was an average of 5-fold higher in the lesion than in the adjacent media, a result confirmed by RT-PCR, and many Egr-1-inducible genes were also strongly elevated in the lesion. Time-course analyses revealed that Egr-1 was not induced ex vivo. Immunocytochemistry indicated that Egr-1 was expressed prominently in the smooth muscle-actin positive cells, particularly in areas of macrophage infiltration, and in other cell types, including endothelial cells. Induction of atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-null mice by feeding them a high-fat diet resulted in a progressive increase in Egr-1 expression in the aorta. Thus, induction of Egr-1 by atherogenic factors may be a key step in coordinating the cellular events that result in vascular lesions.
Self Tuning Inductive Powering For Implantable Telemetric Monitoring Systems (2005)

Inductive powering of implantable monitoring devices is a widely accepted solution to replace implanted batteries. However, this method demands technically skilled operators to constantly tune the power link parameters. This becomes particularly important when the entire system must be portable. Acceptable battery lifetimes can only be obtained by a precise optimisation of the power efficiency. In this paper, a technique is presented to render the system fully compatible with a hospital environment. Multiple automatic tuning loops are incorporated to handle component tolerances and coil movements, and to optimise the power efficiency on a continuous basis. The problem of mechanical strain sensing in femoral nailplates, is shown as an example.
Use of Small Animal Models for Screening Immunoisolation Approaches to Cellular Transplantation (2001)

It has been recognized for many years that immunoisolation strategies form an attractive approach to preventing the rejection of cellular allografts and xenografts. Although immunoisolation has proven dramatically successful in some cases, the results have tended to be somewhat variable. Although many advances have been made in the development of biocompatible materials for separating host immune cells from the transplanted tissues, much of the experimentation in this area has been outcome driven. That is, the nature of host reactivity and/or biomaterial design resulting in the failure of some immunoisolation strategies has mostly been undefined. A first premise of this discussion is that immunoisolation is primarily cell isolation and not antigen isolation, per se. That is, although varied membrane barriers are designed to prevent cell-cell contact between host and donor cells, soluble antigens derived from the transplant are likely to gain access to the host immune system. A key question centers on the degree and consequence of this type of antigen presentation in the host to the immunoisolated transplant. To address this and related concerns, this overview presents a simple paradigm for using defined rodent (mouse) models for systematically screening the efficacy of immunoisolated cellular transplants. The proposition is made that understanding the basis of graft failure will aid in the design of future immunoisolation technologies.
Endothelium-Derived Nitric Oxide, Endothelin, and Platelet Vessel Wall Interaction: Alterations in Hypercholesterolemia and Atherosclerosis (1993)

The endothelium modulates vascular tone by releasing NO, which is a potent vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Thus, the endogenous nitrate has an important protective role in preventing vasospasm and thrombus formation. In addition, the endothelium is a source of contracting factors, such as endothelin-1. Due to its strategical anatomic position, the endothelium is a primary target for injurious stimuli and cardiovascular risk factors. Oxidized LDL reduce the endothelial production of NO and enhance that of endothelin-1. The same pattern of endothelial dysfunction occurs in hypercholesterolemia and in part in atherosclerosis. These alterations of endothelial function may contribute to vasospasm and thrombus formation, which are common events in patients with atherosclerosis.
Constrained Shape Optimization of Airfoil Cascades Using a Navier-Stokes Solver and a Genetic/SQP Algorithm (1999)

The objective in this aerodynamic shape design effort is to minimize total pressure loss across the two-dimensional linear airfoil cascade row while satisfying a number of constraints. They included fixed axial chord, total torque, inlet and exit flow angles, and blade cross-section area, while maintaining thickness distribution greater than a minimum specified value. The aerodynamic shape optimization can be performed by using any available flow-field analysis code. For the analysis of the performance of intermediate cascade shapes we used an unstructured grid based compressible Navier-Stokes flow-field analysis code with k-e turbulence model. A robust genetic optimization algorithm was used for optimization and a constrained sequential quadratic programming was used enforcement of certain constraints. The airfoil geometry was parameterized using conic section parameters and B-splines thus keeping the number of geometric design variables to a minimum while achieving a high degree of geometric flexibility and robustness. Significant reductions of the total pressure loss were achieved using this constrained method for a supersonic exit flow axial turbine cascade.
AR-Weapon: Live Augmented Reality Based First-Person Shooting System (2015)

This paper introduces a user-worn Augmented Reality (AR) based first-person weapon shooting system (AR-Weapon), suitable for both training and gaming. Different from existing AR-based first-person shooting systems, AR-Weapon does not use fiducial markers placed in the scene for tracking. Instead it uses natural scene features observed by the tracking camera from the live view of the world. The AR-Weapon system estimates 6-degrees of freedom orientation and location of the weapon and of the user operating it, thus allowing the weapon to fire simulated projectiles for both direct fire and non-line of sight during live runs. In addition, stereo cameras are used to compute depth and provide dynamic occlusion reasoning. Using the 6-DOF head and weapon tracking, dynamic occlusion reasoning and a terrain model of the environment, the fully virtual projectiles and synthetic avatars are displayed on the user's head mounted Optical-See-Through (OST) display overlaid over the live view of the real world. Since the projectiles, weapon characteristics and virtual enemy combatants are all simulated they can easily be changed to vary scenarios, new projectile types and future weapons. In this paper, we present the technical algorithms, system design and experiment results for a prototype AR-Weapon system.
An analytical approach to single scattering for anisotropic media and light distributions (2009)

Despite their numerous applications, efficiently rendering partici-pating media remains a challenging task due to the intricacy of the radiative transport equation. While numerical techniques remain the method of choice for addressing complex problems, a closed-form solution to the air-light integral in optically thin isotropic media was recently derived. In this paper, we extend this work and present a novel analytical approach to single scattering from point light sources in homogeneous media. We propose a combined formulation of the air-light integral which allows both anisotropic phase functions and light distributions to be adequately handled. The technique relies neither on precomputation nor on storage, and we provide a robust and efficient implementation allowing for an explicit control on the accuracy of the results. Finally, the per-formance characteristics of the method on graphics hardware are evaluated and demonstrate its suitability to real-time applications.
Self-adapting humanoid locomotion using a neural oscillator network (2007)

Stable and robust dynamic locomotion has been gaining increasing attention in humanoid research. This paper presents a neural oscillator network for the generation of periodic locomotion patterns adapting to changes in the slope of the terrain. Specifically, locomotion trajectories of individual limbs are predetermined in the trajectory generator as a periodic function of the gait. The phase of the periodic function is coordinated with the output of the neural oscillator network incorporating sensory signals detecting the state of the foot in contact with the unknown changing terrain. For stability to be maintained, the neural oscillator plays an important role by controlling the trajectory of the COM in phase with the trajectory of the ZMP. In order to verify the validity of the proposed scheme, we carry out simulations and experiments. A preliminary investigation has yielded promising results, indicating that it may be applied to humanoid locomotion through uneven and uncertain terrain.
Analysis of Format String Bugs (2001)

The exploitation of format string bugs represents a new technique for attacks that can be used locally or remotely. While publicly known since at least September 1999 [1] it has only obtained major attention after the public release of exploit code against wu-ftpd 2.6.0 in June 2000 [2, 3]. Exploits using this technique have probably been
Moving object detection using image registration for a moving camera platform (2012)

This paper proposes an accurate moving object detector from Unmanned Aerial Platform (UAV). Due to the distance of UAV to targets and the movement of the platform, object detection is a challenging task. In order to achieve the best result with low error, at first the camera motion has to be estimated; therefore, by using the Shi & Tomasi corner detector the corners are detected. Using image registration the motion is estimated and then compensated. After motion compensation, adaptive background subtraction is applied for detecting and extracting the moving objects. Experiments on different data sets show the accuracy of our approach on detecting moving objects from aerial platform with up to 85 % correct detection.
Effect of transition-metal elements on the superconductivity of Y-Ba-Cu-O (1987)

We have fabricated samples of the form ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$(${\mathrm{Cu}}_{0.9}$${\mathrm{A}}_{0.1}$${)}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{6+\mathrm{y}}$ where A=Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn. The superconducting state was investigated by both resistance and magnetization measurements. In addition, the magnetic susceptibility above ${T}_{c}$ has been measured. ${T}_{c}$ was found to be strongly correlated with the size of the paramagnetic moments, largely due to scattering from the magnetic sites. In the sample containing Zn, however, ${T}_{c}$ was dramatically reduced due to filling of the antibonding d band.
Nucleotides. Part XLII. The 2‐dansylethoxycarbonyl (= 2‐{[5‐(dimethylamino)naphthalen‐1‐yl]sulfonyl}ethoxycarbonyl; dnseoc) group for protection of the 5′‐hydroxy function in oligoribonucleotide synthesis (1994)

Abstract The 2‐dansylethoxycarbonyl (Dnseoc) group was employed for protection of the 5′‐hydroxy function in oligoribonucleotide synthesis by the phosphoramidite approach using the acid‐labile tetrahydro‐4‐methoxy‐2 H ‐pyran‐4‐yl (Thmp) group for 2′‐protection. The syntheses of monomeric building blocks, both phosphoramidites and nucleoside‐functionalized supports, are described for the four common nucleosides adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, and uridine, and for the two modified minor nucleosides ribothymidine (= ribosylthymine) and pseudouridine.
The thermal stability of SiGe films deposited by ultrahigh-vacuum chemical vapor deposition (1991)

The thermal stability of SiGe films deposited by ultrahigh-vacuum chemical vapor deposition was studied. Various Ge compositional profiles, including boxes, trapezoids, and triangles were examined. Planar-view transmission electron microscopy was performed following growth and after furnace annealing at 950 °C for 30 min to determine the presence and density of misfit dislocations. All profiles showed very similar stability behavior when expressed in terms of the total thickness of the film, heff, and the effective strain present in the layer, εeff. Following the anneal, misfit dislocations were observed when heff exceeded the critical thickness, as defined by Matthews and Blakeslee [J. Cryst. Growth 27, 118 (1974)], by a factor of ∼2.
The Good Lives Model (GLM) in theory and practice (2013)

The Good Lives Model (GLM) is a strengths-based rehabilitation theory that augments the risk, need, and responsivity principles of effective correctional intervention through its focus on assisting clients to develop and implement meaningful life plans that are incompatible with future offending. During the decade of its existence, the GLM has seen advances in its underlying theory and application, as well as in its popularity, although empirical support for its application in practice remains in its infancy. This article briefly reviews the evolution of the application of the GLM, describes new and more accessible terminology for key GLM constructs, and offers ideas for situating traditional treatment programme components within the GLM framework. This brief article is intended to provide a summary of recent developments from existing texts on the application of the GLM.
Fast selective black blood MR imaging. (1991)

To overcome the problems associated with gradient-echo (GRE) magnetic resonance (MR) angiography ("bright blood" imaging) and "black blood" imaging with presaturated spin-echo (SE) pulse sequences, the authors devised a new approach for black blood imaging. Their method, selective preinversion fast imaging with steady precession (turboFISP), uses a segmented GRE sequence for fast data acquisition. Nulling of vascular signal results, and stationary tissue appears bright. The method was compared with flow-compensated GRE imaging in a phantom and with GRE imaging and presaturated SE imaging in seven healthy volunteers and nine patients with various cardiac diseases. With phantoms, the selective preinversion turboFISP sequence produced better flow contrast than did GRE sequences. Selective preinversion turboFISP was often superior to SE imaging for depicting vessel lumina, particularly in patients with slowly flowing blood. Arteries appeared dark in selective black blood angiograms, but veins did not. Selective preinversion turboFISP can be used with bright blood GRE imaging to depict vessel lumina, and its capability for image acquisition within a breath hold and with cardiac gating minimizes artifacts from respiration and motion of the vessel wall.