gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phantom models for antenna design and exposure assessment (1997)

Phantom is the rather esoteric name given to models that mimic the response of a subject to an external agent under investigation. For the purpose of this paper the subject is man, the agent electromagnetic (EM) radiation and the purpose of the investigation is to quantify the interaction between them. Such studies are essential in the assessment of human exposure for, among others, health and safety considerations and biomedical applications. Such studies became part of the design of antennas of hand-held transceivers used for mobile communication. Devices such as the antenna of cellular phones are required to operate optimally near the head, hence the need to account for the interaction with the body. Phantoms can be physical or numerical entities depending on the nature of the intended study. Bioelectromagnetic studies are rather complex and often treated both experimentally and numerically in order to cross validate the result and increase confidence in the outcome. This led to the need for and development of increasingly realistic physical and numerical phantoms. This paper deals, albeit briefly, with the use of phantoms in mobile communication for human exposure assessment and antenna design. A physical model developed in our laboratories is used to illustrate the basic principles involved.
Mitochondrial DNA and two perspectives on evolutionary genetics (1985)

Journal Article Mitochondrial DNA and two perspectives on evolutionary genetics Get access ALLAN C. WILSON, ALLAN C. WILSON 1Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar REBECCA L. CANN, REBECCA L. CANN 1Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A2Howard Hughes Medical Institute, U426, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar STEVEN M. CARR, STEVEN M. CARR 1Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A3Wildlife Genetics Laboraiory, Department of Wildlge and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77843, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar MATTHEW GEORGE, MATTHEW GEORGE 1Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A4Department of Biochemistry, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ULF B. GYLLENSTEN, ULF B. GYLLENSTEN 1Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A5Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska Hospital, Box 60500, S-104 01 Stockholm, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar KATHLEEN M. HELM-BYCHOWSKI, KATHLEEN M. HELM-BYCHOWSKI 1Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar RUSSELL G. HIGUCHI, RUSSELL G. HIGUCHI 1Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar STEPHEN R. PALUMBI, STEPHEN R. PALUMBI 1Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A6Department of Zoology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ELLEN M. PRAGER, ELLEN M. PRAGER 1Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar RICHARD D. SAGE, RICHARD D. SAGE 1Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A7Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ... Show more MARK STONEKING MARK STONEKING 1Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 26, Issue 4, December 1985, Pages 375–400, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1985.tb02048.x Published: 28 June 2008 Article history Accepted: 01 July 1985 Published: 28 June 2008
The Methylome of Soybean Roots during the Compatible Interaction with the Soybean Cyst Nematode (2015)

The soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines) induces the formation of a multinucleated feeding site, or syncytium, whose etiology includes massive gene expression changes. Nevertheless, the genetic networks underlying gene expression control in the syncytium are poorly understood. DNA methylation is a critical epigenetic mark that plays a key role in regulating gene expression. To determine the extent to which DNA methylation is altered in soybean (Glycine max) roots during the susceptible interaction with SCN, we generated whole-genome cytosine methylation maps at single-nucleotide resolution. The methylome analysis revealed that SCN induces hypomethylation to a much higher extent than hypermethylation. We identified 2,465 differentially hypermethylated regions and 4,692 hypomethylated regions in the infected roots compared with the noninfected control. In addition, 703 and 1,346 unique genes were identified as overlapping with hyper- or hypomethylated regions, respectively. The differential methylation in genes apparently occurs independently of gene size and GC content but exhibits strong preference for recently duplicated paralogs. Furthermore, a set of 278 genes was identified as specifically syncytium differentially methylated genes. Of these, we found genes associated with epigenetic regulation, phytohormone signaling, cell wall architecture, signal transduction, and ubiquitination. This study provides, to our knowledge, new evidence that differential methylation is part of the regulatory mechanisms controlling gene expression changes in the nematode-induced syncytium.
Variability in tendon and knee joint biomechanics among inbred mouse strains (2006)

Hereditary factors are thought to be responsible for impaired tendon function and joint laxity. The present study investigated the genotypic variability of knee laxity and stiffness and tendon mechanical and geometric properties among 16-week-old female A/J, C57BL/6J (B6), and C3H/HeJ (C3H) inbred mice. In one group of mice, knee mechanics were quantified using a custom loading apparatus enabling translation of the tibia against a stationary femur. In a second group, flexor digitorum longus and Achilles tendons from the left hind limb underwent biomechanical testing, while those of the contralateral limb were analyzed histologically for determination of cross-sectional area. Our results demonstrate that tendon and joint mechanics varied significantly among the inbred mouse strains, indicating that biomechanical properties are genetically determined. A/J mouse knees exhibited greater laxity (p < 0.001) and lower stiffness (p < 0.001) compared to those of the B6 and C3H mice. The genotypic differences in whole joint properties were similar to those of the tendons' structural biomechanical traits. Although body mass did not differ (p > 0.2) among the three strains, significant genotypic differences were found at the whole tendon, material quality, and morphological levels of the tissue hierarchy. Furthermore, genetic regulation of tendon mechanical properties varied with anatomic site. Patterns of genotypic differences in tendon size were not consistent with those of biomechanical properties, suggesting that unique combinations of structural and compositional factors contribute to tendon growth, adaptation, and development. Therefore, the three inbred strains constitute a useful experimental model to elucidate genetic control of structure-function relationships in normal and healing tendons and ligaments.
Purification and Some Properties of Sarcosine Oxidase from Corynebacterium sp. U-96 (1981)

During the course of studies on creatinine metabolism by bacteria, a newly isolated bacterial strain, Corynebacterium sp. U-96, showed the highest potency in the production of sarcosine oxidase. The enzyme was purified from the cell-free extract to a homogeneous state by successive procedures involving polyethyleneimine treatment and chromatographies on DEAE-cellulose, QAE-Sephadex A-50, DEAE-Sephadex A-50, Ultrogel AcA34, and creatine-AH-Sepharose 4B. The absorption spectrum of the enzyme had maxima at 276, 369, and 451 nm, being characteristic of a flavoprotein. This enzyme contains both 1 mol of non-covalently bound FAD and 1 mol of covalently bound FAD per mol of enzyme. Sedimentation experiments gave an s20,W0 value of 9.35 and the molecular weight was calculated to be 174,000 by the meniscus depletion method. The enzyme was shown to be composed of one each of four non-identical subunits; subunit A 110,000; B 44,000; C 21,000; D 10,000. One molecule of FAD is covalently bound to subunit B. The enzyme acted preferentially on sarcosine rather than on N -methyl-L-alanine or N -ethyl-glycine, but did not act at all on other N -methyl-L-amino acids tested. The Km and kcat values of the enzyme were estimated to be 3.4 mM and 5.8 s −1 for sarcosine at pH 8.3 and 37°C, 8.7 mM 2.1 s −1 for N -methyl-L-alanine at pH 8.3 and 37°C, and 11.4 mM and 2.2 s −1 for N -ethyl-glycine at pH 7.0 and 37°C, respectively. The Km and Vmax values for oxygen as a hydrogen acceptor were found to be 0.13 mM and 12.81 μmol/min/mg of enzyme. Oxygen can be replaced by 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate, ferricyanide, but not by methylene blue or cytochrome c . The enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by Zn 2+ , Cu 2+ , Cd 2+ , Hg 2+ , Ag + , iodoacetamide, p -chloromercuribenzoate, or N -ethylmaleimide. Acetate, propionate, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde also had inhibitory effects on the enzyme activity. The stoichiometry data showed that oxygen consumption was accompanied by the formation of equimolar amounts of formaldehyde, glycine, and hydrogen peroxide from sarcosine.
Growth and characterization of ultrahigh vacuum/chemical vapor deposition SiGe epitaxial layers on bulk single-crystal SiGe and Si substrates (2002)

High-quality SiGe epitaxial layers have been grown on low-defect-density bulk single-crystal SiGe substrates using low-temperature ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition (UHV/CVD). The layers were simultaneously grown on Si substrates for comparison. Various techniques, including high-resolution x-ray diffraction (HRXRD), photoluminescence (PL), Auger electron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) were used to characterize the structural quality of the materials. There is good agreement between different techniques for the determination of the composition and thickness of the layers. HRXRD, PL, and XTEM results confirm that the materials deposited are high-quality single-crystal epilayers. The surface root-mean-square roughness measured by AFM is less than 0.4 nm, indicating very smooth surfaces. A thin undoped Si buffer layer was found to improve the structural quality of the layers. The bulk crystal SiGe substrates are useful for the growth of thick lattice-matched and strained SiGe epilayers.
Green Fluorescent Protein as a Quantitative Reporter of Relative Promoter Activity in <i>E. coli</i> (2000)

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) has become a valuable tool for the detection of gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. To evaluate its potential for quantitation of relative promoter activity in E. coli, we have compared GFP with the commonly used reporter gene lacZ, encoding beta-galactosidase. We cloned a series of previously characterized synthetic E. coli promoters into GFP and beta-galactosidase reporter vectors. Qualitative and quantitative assessments of these constructs show that (a) both reporters display similar sensitivities in cells grown on solid or liquid media and (b) GFP is especially well suited for quantitation of promoter activity in cells grown on agar. Thus, GFP provides a simple, rapid and sensitive tool for measuring relative promoter activity in intact E. coli cells.
Strain Relaxed SiGe Buffer Prepared by Means of Thermally Driven Relaxation and CMP (2005)

In this paper, we propose a new concept of thin SiGe virtual substrates in which the intermediate in situ annealing steps during graded SiGe layer growth play a key role. This annealing step increases misfit dislocation flow and relaxes the graded SiGe layer with a relaxation of 97.8%. Using thermally driven relaxation (TDR), it is possible to control the strain relief and the propagation of threading dislocations (TDs) to the top of buffer layers. In addition TDR, chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) helps to reduce surface roughness comparable to Si wafer. The regrowth of layer on the polished buffer was found to keep its surface roughness and TD density. Optimized thick buffer exhibited of surface roughness and threading dislocation density was less than .
A monolithic Cockcroft‐Walton voltage multiplier based on AlGaN/GaN HFET structure (2007)

Abstract A five‐stage monolithic Cockcroft‐Walton voltage multiplier is reported which uses metal‐insulator‐metal capacitor and Schottky diode based on AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field‐effect transistor (HFET) structure. The voltage multiplier includes 5 capacitors and 5 Schottky diodes. AlGaN/GaN HFET with L/W = 1 μm/10 μm is used as the Schottky diode, where the gate made of Ni/Au/Ti is used for the anode and the ohmic contact is used for the cathode. The size of the chip is 0.567 mm×0.445 mm. The breakdown voltage of the capacitor is around 40 V and the diode breakdown voltage in reverse direction is more than 100 V. At input AC peak to peak voltage of 20 V under frequency of 10 MHz, the measured output voltage is about 40 V with the output impedance less than 1 MΩ. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Isolation and characterization of a calendic acid producing (8,11)‐linoleoyl desaturase<sup>1</sup> (1999)

For the biosynthesis of calendic acid a (8,11)-linoleoyl desaturase activity has been proposed. To isolate this desaturase, PCR-based cloning was used. The open reading frame of the isolated full-length cDNA is a 1131 bp sequence encoding a protein of 377 amino acids. For functional identification the cDNA was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and formation of calendic acid was analyzed by RP-HPLC. The expression of the heterologous enzyme resulted in a significant amount of calendic acid presumably esterified within phospholipids. The results presented here identify a gene encoding a new type of (1,4)-acyl lipid desaturase.
In vivo NMR detection of diet-induced changes in adipose tissue composition (2011)

We introduce an in vivo spectroscopic method to assess the effects of diet on fatty acid composition of the predominant chemical constituent of adipocytes in mice. To do this, we make use of a nonlinear NMR signal that, unlike a standard NMR signal, is intrinsically insensitive to local magnetic field inhomogeneities and which naturally suppresses the large water signal from nonfatty tissues. Our method yields fat composition information from fat depots distributed over large sample volumes in a single experiment, without requiring the use of tedious shimming procedures, voxel selection, or water suppression. Our results suggest that this method can reveal clear differences in adipose tissue composition of mice fed a standard chow diet compared with mice fed a diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. With further developments this method could be used to obtain information on human lipid composition noninvasively and to track changes in lipid composition induced by diet intervention, pharmaceutical drugs, and exercise.
Morphology and Size Dependent Optical Properties of CdS Nanostructures (2006)

CdS nanoparticles with different sizes ranging from 2.5 nm to 300 nm and nanorods with aspect ratio -32 were synthesized by simple solvothermal process with a view to explore the effect of size and shape on the optical properties of these nanoforms. Solvent, temperature and the Cd source played important role in determining the morphologies and sizes of the nanocrystals. Comparative study of the optical properties of these nanoforms showed systematic changes in the optical absorption spectra with the reduction in particle size. Nanorods showed bulk like properties. Photoluminescence and Raman studies were carried out to explore the size and morphology dependent optical properties of the CdS nanoforms.
Paper‐Based Electrochemical Biosensors: From Test Strips to Paper‐Based Microfluidics (2014)

Abstract Papers based biosensors such as lateral flow test strips and paper‐based microfluidic devices are inexpensive, rapid, flexible, and easy‐to‐use analytical tools for point‐of‐care diagnosis. An apparent trend in their detection is to interpret sensing results from qualitative assessment to quantitative determination. Electrochemical (EC) detection plays an important role in quantifying test results. This review focuses on paper‐based biosensors with EC detection. The first part provides detailed examples in lateral flow test strips while the second part gives an overview of paper microfluidics. The outlook and recommendation of future directions of papers based EC biosensors are discussed in the end.
A 40 GHz Railway Communication System (1983)

The operation of modern railway systems requires a high degree of safety and reliability. This can be accomplished using millimeter waves for communication and control. A 40 GHz line-of-sight transmission system connects a traffic control center with all trains on the line. The construction and the performance of such a 40 GHz railway communication system is described in detail with respect to system aspects and millimeter wave component design.
[Assessment of carcinogenic activity of industrial toxicants in occupational epidemiological surveys]. (2009)

Evaluation of cancer morbidity and mortality from workplace exposure to industrial toxicants is a main avenue of research aimed to identify causes of human cancer. Many chemicals classified as carcinogens by International Agency for Cancer Research were first identified at workplaces. However, the value of these findings for the study of carcinogens in the occupational environment was compromised for a variety of reasons. A major methodological problem is to elucidate the cause-and effect relationship between inhomogeneous exposure to industrial pollution and cancer morbidity/mortality rates in different categories of workers. Another important problem in occupational epidemiology is the deficiency of data on the exposure level in women because reproductive organs are specific targets of certain chemicals and their carcinogenic effects are especially well apparent as gynecological diseases. Moreover gender-specific differences account for different risks and outcomes of apparently similar environmental exposure.
Cascaded feedforward sigma-delta modulator for wide bandwidth applications (2002)

In this paper, we propose a cascaded feedforward sigma-delta modulator for wide bandwidth applications. In our proposed approach, we use a 1.5-bit quantizer as feedback in the multi-bit sigma-delta modulator. The 1.5-bit feedback may cause coarse quantization errors, however the error can be canceled in the digital part. Here an adaptive filter with least mean square algorithm is used to reduce the nonlinear effect. The simulation results show that the SNDR of this architecture is very close to that of the ideal feedforward summation sigma-delta modulator with multi-bit DAC and can be used for the wide bandwidth application.
A new system for reliable pitch extraction of speech (2005)

The causes of errors in conventional pitch extraction methods can be classified into two categories: 1) extrinsic factors that come from the analysis methods, such as imperfect signal representation due to inappropriate shape, width, and placement of the analysis window, etc., and 2) intrinsic factors that reside in the speech signal itself, such as the occurrence of a strong harmonic component or a sub-harmonic component, etc. In fact, fixed frame size and frame shift, adopted in most of the conventional systems, are responsible for a considerable part of their gross pitch errors. In this paper we combine the use of running waveform analysis, an exponential analysis window, and a variable frame shift to cope with errors of the first category. Various new methods are also introduced to cope with causes of errors of the second category. The validity of the proposed methods is confirmed by experiments using speech materials from both male and female speakers.
Notes- An Attempt to Synthesize 3,5-Diphenylbenzocyclopentatriene, a Cyclic Allene (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes- An Attempt to Synthesize 3,5-Diphenylbenzocyclopentatriene, a Cyclic AlleneC KoelschCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 1, 130–131Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1960Publication History Published online11 March 2003Published inissue 1 January 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01071a600https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01071a600research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views65Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Atomic time scales TAI and TT(BIPM): present performances and prospects (2009)

Abstract We review the stability and accuracy achieved by the reference atomic time scales TAI and TT(BIPM). We show that they presently are at the level of a few 10 −16 in relative value, based on the performance of primary standards, of the ensemble time scale and of the time transfer techniques. We consider how the 1 × 10 −16 value could be reached or superseded and which are the present limitations to attain this goal.
A comparison of various methods to burst Foley catheter balloons and the risk of free‐fragment formation (1996)

Bursting the catheter balloons using a needle seems to be the most appropriate method, being efficient and having little risk of forming free fragments.