gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antifungal proteins from plants. Purification, molecular cloning, and antifungal properties of chitinases from maize seed. (1992)

We have purified two 28-kDa chitinases, designated Chitinase A (Chit A) and Chitinase B (Chit B), from maize seeds to homogeneity and isolated cDNA clones encoding these two enzymes using an oligonucleotide probe based on an amino acid sequence of a peptide derived from Chit A. Although these two enzymes share 87% homology in their amino acid sequences, which were deduced from the nucleotide sequences of the isolated cDNA clones, they are significantly different in their biochemical and in vitro antifungal activities. When tested in vitro for antifungal activity against the growth of Trichoderma reesei, Alternaria solani, and Fusarium oxysporum, Chit A showed greater antifungal activity than Chit B. The specific activity of Chit A was determined to be 3-fold higher than that of Chit B. Chit A also had a 10-fold lower binding constant (Kd) against the substrate analogue N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetyl chitotetrose than Chit B, indicating that the two enzyme may differ in their affinities for binding to the substrate chitin. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of maize seed chitinases with those of previously published chitinases from monocot and dicot plants indicates that maize seed chitinases have diverged significantly from other chitinases.
Generalized averaging method for power-conversion circuits. Technical report (1990)

The method of state-space averaging has been successfully applied to pulse-width modulated power converters, but has its limitations with switched circuits that do not satisfy a small ripple condition. This work considers a more general averaging procedure that encompasses state-space averaging and is potentially applicable to a much broader class of circuits and systems. In particular, the technique is shown to be effective on a number of examples including resonant type converters.
Preparation of Saxagliptin, a Novel DPP-IV Inhibitor (2009)

The commercial-scale synthesis of the DPP-IV inhibitor, saxagliptin (1), is described from the two unnatural amino acid derivatives 2 and 3. After the deprotection of 3, the core of 1 is formed by the amide coupling of amino acid 2 and methanoprolinamide 4. Subsequent dehydration of the primary amide and deprotection of the amine affords saxagliptin, 1. While acid salts of saxagliptin have proven to be stable in solution, synthesis of the desired free base monohydrate was challenging due to the thermodynamically favorable conversion of the free amine to the six-membered cyclic amidine 9. Significant process modifications were made late in development to enhance process robustness in preparation for the transition to commercial manufacturing. The impetus and rationale for those changes are explained herein.
Unsupervised Forward Selection:  A Method for Eliminating Redundant Variables (2000)

An unsupervised learning method is proposed for variable selection and its performance assessed using three typical QSAR data sets. The aims of this procedure are to generate a subset of descriptors from any given data set in which the resultant variables are relevant, redundancy is eliminated, and multicollinearity is reduced. Continuum regression, an algorithm encompassing ordinary least squares regression, regression on principal components, and partial least squares regression, was used to construct models from the selected variables. The variable selection routine is shown to produce simple, robust, and easily interpreted models for the chosen data sets.
Higher valent manganese chemistry. [Mn(biguanide)3]+, a structurally characterized Mn IV complex with all-nitrogen coordination (1992)

R. O. C. Hart, S. G. Bott, J. L. Atwood and S. R. Cooper, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1992, 894 DOI: 10.1039/C39920000894
The Morphology of Chinese (2000)

This ground breaking study dispels the common belief that Chinese 'doesn't have words' but instead 'has characters'. Jerome Packard's book provides a comprehensive discussion of the linguistic and cognitive nature of Chinese words. It shows that Chinese, far from being 'morphologically impoverished', has a different morphological system because it selects different 'settings' on parameters shared by all languages. The analysis of Chinese word formation therefore enhances our understanding of word universals. Packard describes the intimate relationship between words and their components, including how the identities of Chinese morphemes are word-driven, and offers new insights into the evolution of morphemes based on Chinese data. Models are offered for how Chinese words are stored in the mental lexicon and processed in natural speech, showing that much of what native speakers know about words occurs innately in the form of a hard-wired, specifically linguistic 'program' in the brain.
Assured Cloud Computing (2018)

Explores themes that drive individual contributions, including design correctness, support for big data and analytics, monitoring and detection, network considerations, and performance - Synthesizes highly cited earlier work (on topics including DARE, trust mechanisms, and elastic graphs) as well as newer research findings on topics including R-Storm, and RAMP transactions - Addresses assured cloud computing concerns such as game theory, stream processing, storage, algorithms, workflow, scheduling, access control, formal analysis of safety, and streaming Marketing Description: IEEE Computer Society, the IEEE Reliability Society, and the IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society--
High performance step-down AR coatings for high refractive-index IR materials (1982)

A numerical thin film synthesis program has been used to design high performance antireflection coatings of the step-down type for a number of IR window materials. In the calculations, the dispersion of the optical constants of all the materials is accounted for. Various trade offs between the width of the AR region and the maximum reflection within that width are possible. For example, an AR coating for germanium has been found in which the reflectance is <0.1% over a 1.4:1 range of wavelengths. Similar designs have been developed for silicon, cadmium telluride, zinc selenide, and zinc sulfide substrates. The experimentally measured performance of several coatings will be given.
Efficient Implementation of Wireless Applications on Multi-core Platforms Based on Dynamically Reconfigurable Processors (2008)

Wireless internet access technologies such as WiMAX have significant market potential. The high demand for embedded high performance WiMAX solutions is forcing designers to seek multi-core systems which offer competitive advantages in terms of all performance metrics. By providing the flexibility of a DSP with performance and power consumption approaching that of an ASIC, emerging dynamically reconfigurable processors are proving to be stronger candidates than conventional general-purpose processors or DSPs for future multi-core systems. This paper presents several multi-core solutions, based on newly emerging dynamically reconfigurable processor cores targeting WiMAX based applications. Coming with a SystemC trace-driven multi-core simulator, a simulation platform has been proposed in order to explore and implement various multi-core solutions combining different task partitioning strategies and inter-process communication methods.
Highly active template-specific RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from barley leaves infected with brome mosaic virus. (1979)

The extraction of a template-dependent and template-specific RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (nucleosidetriphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.6) from a eukaryotic source is described. The enzyme, extracted from barley leaves infected with brome mosaic virus (BMV), is capable of incorporating high levels of radioactivity into trichloroacetic acid-insoluble products. The purification procedure included solubilization with nonionic detergent and precipitation with polyethylene glycol. The enzyme was more than 50 times more active than was a comparable preparation from mock-inoculated leaves and was stimulated more than 15-fold by the addition of BMV RNA to the reaction. Other viral RNA templates were less than 25% as efficient as was BMV RNA in stimulating UMP incorporation; poly(A), tRNA, and mRNA gave little stimulation and rRNA was inactive. Autoradiographic analysis after electrophoretic separation of the radioactive products from reaction mixtures containing BMV RNA template revealed prominent bands that coelectrophoresed with replicative forms of BMV RNAs. When BMV RNA template was enriched in RNA3 or RNA4, larger proportions of the products were replicative forms of RNA3 or RNA4, respectively.
Properties of Vector Embeddings in Social Networks (2017)

Embedding social network data into a low-dimensional vector space has shown promising performance for many real-world applications, such as node classification, node clustering, link prediction and network visualization. However, the information contained in these vector embeddings remains abstract and hard to interpret. Methods for inspecting embeddings usually rely on visualization methods, which do not work on a larger scale and do not give concrete interpretations of vector embeddings in terms of preserved network properties (e.g., centrality or betweenness measures). In this paper, we study and investigate network properties preserved by recent random walk-based embedding procedures like node2vec, DeepWalk or LINE. We propose a method that applies learning to rank in order to relate embeddings to network centralities. We evaluate our approach with extensive experiments on real-world and artificial social networks. Experiments show that each embedding method learns different network properties. In addition, we show that our graph embeddings in combination with neural networks provide a computationally efficient way to approximate the Closeness Centrality measure in social networks.
A TWO PROCESS MODEL OF BURNOUT: THEIR RELEVANCE TO SPANISH AND CANADIAN NURSES (2008)

Nurses from Spain (N = 834) and Canada (N = 725) completed surveys assessing burnout and their perceptions of worklife. The study explored a two-process model of burnout. First, work overload exhausts nurses by exerting excessive demands and interfering with their capacity to recover energy. Second, enduring conflicts of personal and organizational values have a diverse relationship with burnout. A series of multiple regression analyses examined the relative contributions of these two processes. One process was evident in the contribution of workload to predicting exhaustion that in turn predicted cynicism that predicted efficacy. In parallel, value congruence contributed significantly to the regressions on each of the three aspects of burnout in addition to the workload-exhaustion-cynicism-efficacy process. Further, multiple regression analyses demonstrated that other areas of worklife-control, reward, community, and fairness-were strongly associated with value congruence in a manner distinct from the relationship of values with manageable workload. The two samples showed evidence of both processes, but that the workload/exhaustion process was dominant for the Canadian sample while the values/burnout process was more relevant for the Spanish sample. Implications for a comprehensive model of burnout are discussed.
Regulation of LH Receptor mRNA Binding Protein by miR-122 in Rat Ovaries (2013)

LH receptor (LHR) expression in the ovary is regulated by the RNA binding protein, (LHR mRNA binding protein [LRBP]), which has been identified as being mevalonate kinase. This study examined the role of microRNA miR-122 in LRBP-mediated LHR mRNA expression. Real-time PCR analysis of ovaries from pregnant mare serum gonadotropin/human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-primed female rats treated with hCG to down-regulate LHR expression showed that an increase in miR-122 expression preceded LHR mRNA down-regulation. The expression of miR-122 and its regulation was confirmed using fluorescent in situ hybridization of the frozen ovary sections using 5'-fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled miR-122 locked nucleic acid probe. The increased expression of miR-122 preceded increased expression of LRBP mRNA and protein, and these increases were followed by LHR mRNA down-regulation. Inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA) and ERK1/2 signaling pathways by H89 and UO126, respectively, attenuated the hCG-mediated up-regulation of miR-122 levels. This was also confirmed in vitro using human granulosa cells. These results suggest the possibility that hCG-mediated miR-122 expression is mediated by the activation of cAMP/PKA/ERK signaling pathways. Inhibition of miR-122 by injection of the locked nucleic acid-conjugated antagomir of miR-122 abrogated the hCG-mediated increases in LRBP protein expression. Because it has been previously shown that miR-122 regulates sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) and SREBPs, in turn, regulate LRBP expression, the role of SREBPs in miR-122-mediated increase in LRBP expression was then examined. The levels of active forms of both SREBP-1a and SREBP-2 were increased in response to hCG treatment, and the stimulatory effect was sustained up to 4 hours. Taken together, our results suggest that hCG-induced down-regulation of LHR mRNA expression is mediated by activation of cAMP/PKA/ERK pathways to increase miR-122 expression, which then increases LRBP expression through the activation of SREBPs.
Section Review: Oncologic, Endocrine & Metabolic: Gastrin antagonists and gastrointestinal tumours (1995)

The role of gastrin in the growth of gastrointestinal tumours is complex, involving both endocrine and autocrine/paracrine pathways. Receptor subtypes, distinct from the classical gastrin/CCK-B receptors which mediate the normal physiological functions of gastrin, are now being identified. These appear to have potential roles in gastrin-associated proliferative pathways in malignant cells. Due to the recent expansion of knowledge in this area, the role of the classical anti-gastrin agents remains unclear. This is especially so for the gastrin/CCK-B receptor antagonists, due to the multiple receptor types now in evidence. However, certain agents may potentially overcome the problem of the different gastrin-mediated mitogenic pathways and the receptor isoforms involved. Although agents which block gastrin secretion, such as somatostatin analogues, might have been expected to be successful at targeting the autocrine/paracrine pathway, clinically, in gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas, they have proven disappoi...
Performance evaluation of a hierarchical hybrid adaptive routing algorithm for large scale computer communication networks (2003)

A hierarchical hybrid adaptive routing algorithm (HHARA) is presented for dynamic large-scale computer communication networks (LSCCN). The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated and compared to that of nonhierarchical routing algorithms by simulation experiments on a 50-node network model. The major evaluation criteria are reliability, communication overhead, computation overhead, and average packet delay. A fixed routing algorithm, the most recent ARPANET routing algorithm, and HHARA are compared using simulation experiments. The simulation study indicates that HHARA makes a good balance between the reduction of routing database maintenance overhead, and the global routing capability as well as the local adaptivity to the network changes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
REVIEWS (1921)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access The Early Christian Attitude to War: a contribution to the history of Christian Ethics, by C. JOHN CADOUX. ( Headley Bros., 1919. J. F. B-B J. F. B-B Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume os-XXII, Issue 3, April 1921, Pages 294–296, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/os-XXII.3.294 Published: 01 April 1921
Micro‐scale sequence analysis from the N‐terminus of peptides using the fluorogenic edman reagent 4‐<i>N, N</i>‐dimethylamino‐1‐naphthyl isothiocyanate (1987)

The fluorogenic Edman reagent 4-N,N-dimethylamino-1-naphthyl isothiocyanate (DNTC) was reacted with amino acids and peptides, cyclized by acid and the liberated 4-N,N-dimethylamino-1-naphthyl thiohydantoin (DNTH) amino acids were then separated and detected by HPLC. The fluorescence intensities of DNTH-amino acids except DNTH-proline and -serine were dramatically increased in the alkaline solution and organic solvent. Thus, the postcolumn reaction with alkaline acetonitrile solution was adopted in HPLC. The polar and aromatic amino acids afforded two DNTH-amino acids on derivatization with DNTC and cyclization with acids. These were suggested to be stereoisomers of DNTH-amino acids. The sequence analysis of 0.5 nmol Leu-enkephalin was achieved by the double coupling method with DNTC and phenyl isothiocyanate followed by the proposed HPLC system.
Alkene formation through condensation of phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride with carbonyl compounds (1991)

Arylmethanesulphonyl fluorides condense with aromatic, aliphatic and conjugated aldehydes and ketones in the presence of potassium carbonate and a crown ether to give aryl-substituted alkenes in satisfactory to modest yields.
Elevated soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels early after heart transplantation and long-term survival and development of coronary arteriopathy. (1991)

Rejection dynamics after heart transplantation might be characterized by soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels. To determine whether elevated levels early (measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay once weekly the first 3 weeks at time of heart biopsy) after transplantation predict mortality and development of coronary disease, the means of these three determinations and the endomyocardial biopsy scores (McAllister scale 0-10) were compared for survivors and nonsurvivors and patients who had coronary arteriopathy develop and those who did not. Fifty-five patients alive 30 days after heart transplantation were prospectively followed up. Overall, 47 patients were male (85%), and the median age was 51 years. Mean +/- SD follow-up was 26 +/- 15 months (range, 1 to 54 months). There were 38 survivors (69%), and coronary arteriopathy developed in 15 patients (27%). Whereas mean +/- SD heart biopsy scores for the early weeks were similar between survivors and nonsurvivors (3.6 +/- 1.4 vs 4.4 +/- 1.6; p greater than 0.05), the difference in soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels was significant (703 +/- 362 U/ml vs 1793 +/- 1070 U/ml; p less than 0.001). A mean level less than 1000 U/ml in any given patient predicted long-term survival with a 76% sensitivity, 79% specificity, and 88% negative predictive value. Mean receptor levels for those patients in whom coronary arteriopathy did not develop were 880 +/- 846 U/ml and for those with this difficulty, 1410 +/- 590 U/ml (p = 0.001). Late morbidity and mortality after heart transplantation seem predicted by early elevation of plasma soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Necrotizing (malignant) external otitis. (2003)

Necrotizing (malignant) external otitis, an infection involving the temporal and adjacent bones, is a relatively rare complication of external otitis. It occurs primarily in immunocompromised persons, especially older persons with diabetes mellitus, and is often initiated by self-inflicted or iatrogenic trauma to the external auditory canal. The most frequent pathogen is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Patients with necrotizing external otitis complain of severe otalgia that worsens at night, and otorrhea. Clinical findings include granulation tissue in the external auditory canal, especially at the bone-cartilage junction. Facial and other cranial nerve palsies indicate a poor prognosis; intracranial complications are the most frequent cause of death. Diagnosis requires culture of ear secretions and pathologic examination of granulation tissue from the infection site. Imaging studies may include computed tomographic scanning, technetium Tc 99m medronate bone scanning, and gallium citrate Ga 67 scintigraphy. Treatment includes correction of immunosuppression (when possible), local treatment of the auditory canal, long-term systemic antibiotic therapy and, in selected patients, surgery. Family physicians and others who provide medical care for immunocompromised patients should be alert to the possibility of necrotizing external otitis in patients who complain of otalgia, particularly if they have diabetes mellitus and external otitis that has been refractory to standard therapy. Susceptible patients should be educated to avoid manipulation of the ear canal (i.e., they should not use cotton swabs to clean their ears) and to minimize exposure of the ear canal to water with a high chloride concentration. Appropriate patients should be referred to an otolaryngologist.
Ultracapacitor-Based Auxiliary Energy System for an Electric Vehicle: Implementation and Evaluation (2007)

In the search for better efficiency, an auxiliary energy system (AES) for electric vehicles (EVs) was designed, implemented, and tested. The system, which is composed of an ultracapacitor bank and a buck-boost converter, was installed in an EV, which is powered by a lead-acid battery pack and a 54-kW brushless dc motor. Two control strategies where developed: one based on heuristics and the other based on an optimization model using neural networks. These strategies were translated to algorithms and implemented in a digital signal processor, and their performance was evaluated in urban driving. The results were incorporated to an economic evaluation of the system, which shows that the reduction in costs would only justify the inclusion of this type of system in a lead-acid battery-powered vehicle if the battery life is extended by 50% or more, which is unlikely. The same results were extrapolated to a case in which the lead-acid batteries are replaced by a fuel cell. In this case, the costs of different power support systems were evaluated, such as ultracapacitors and high-specific-power lithium-based batteries. The results showed a significant cost reduction when AES configurations are included in contrast to a system powered by fuel cells only. Also, the cost reduction was higher when using ultracapacitors for this purpose.
Recent advances in diagnosis, molecular pathology and therapy of chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (2011)

The clinical, morphological, and genetic heterogeneity of chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML), has made it difficult to clearly assign this entity to a distinct haematological category. In 2001, the World Health Organization transferred CMML to a new category of mixed myeloproliferative/myelodysplastic disorders, which was maintained in the last revision in 2008. Considering the rare occurrence of CMML, most pharmacotherapeutic and transplant studies combined CMML with myelodysplastic syndrome cases, but some clinical trials specifically investigated the use of demethylating agents in CMML and demonstrated stabilization of the haematological situation or even complete remission in subsets of patients. Information on the significance of other drugs is very limited. Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains the only curative option for patients with CMML. Molecular studies revealed various novel genetic alterations in CMML - notably of the JAK2, TET2, CBL, IDH, or RUNX1 and RAS genes. This review summarizes the current status of pharmacotherapy and transplantation in CMML and outlines recent results of molecular research for diagnosis of this heterogeneous entity.