gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OSIRIS Payload for DLR's BiROS Satellite (2014)

Direct optical communication links might offer a solution for the increasing demand of transmission capacity in satellite missions. Although direct space-to-ground links suffer from limited availability due to cloud coverage, the achievable data rates can be higher by orders of magnitude compared to traditional RF communication systems. DLR’s Institute for Communication and Navigation is currently developing an experimental communication payload for DLR’s BiROS satellite. The OSIRIS payload consists of a tracking sensor for a precise alignment between satellite and groundstation, an optical uplink channel, the two different and independent laser sources and the optical bench with the transmission optics. This paper will give an overview about the BiROS satellite, the OSIRIS payload and the performance of the system, including space-qualification of the hardware and transmission tests.
Coupled VCSEL arrays: a model system for two-dimensional photonic crystals (2003)

Coupled arrays of VCSELs are employed as a model for two-dimensional photonic crystals, making possible the investigation of optical disorder, strain and photonic heterostructure confinement experimentally and theoretically.
Soft Error-Tolerant Design of MRAM-Based Nonvolatile Latches for Sequential Logics (2014)

Magnetoresistive memories, such as spin-transfer torque random access memory and magnetic latches (M-latch), are emerging memory technologies that offer attractive features, such as high density, low leakage, and nonvolatility as compared with conventional static memory. In this paper, we have proposed two single-event upset tolerant M-latch circuits in which their CMOS peripheral circuits are robust against radiation effects. Similar to the conventional M-latch circuit, our proposed M-latches employ two magnetic tunnel junction elements. Therefore, they consume almost the same energy consumption in comparison with nonprotected M-latch circuit. The simulation results of comparison with previous work show that our proposed radiation hardened M-latches consume less energy, occupy less area, and in case of a particle strike, offer lower restoring time. Furthermore, we have thoroughly investigated the robustness of our proposed radiation-hardened M-latches against single-event multiple effects and also in the presence of process variation as serious reliability challenges in emerging nanometer scale technologies.
Removal of Nonspecifically Bound Proteins on Microarrays Using Surface Acoustic Waves (2008)

Nonspecific binding of proteins is an ongoing problem that dramatically reduces the sensitivity and selectivity of biosensors. We demonstrate that ultrasonic waves generated by surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices remove nonspecifically bound proteins from the sensing and nonsensing regions of the microarrays. We demonstrate our approach for controllably and nondestructively cleaning the microarray interface. In this work, SAWs were generated using 128 YX lithium niobate, chosen for its high coupling coefficient and efficient power transfer to mechanical motion. These waves propagating along the surface were coupled into specifically bound and nonspecifically bound proteins on a patterned surface of 40 mum feature size. Fluorescence intensity was used to quantify cleaning efficacy of the microarrays. Our results have shown that excess protein layers and aggregates are removed leaving highly uniform films as evidenced by fluorescence intensity profiles. Selected antigen-receptor interactions remained bound during the acoustic cleaning process when subjected to 11.25 mW of power and retained their efficacy for subsequent antigen capture. Results demonstrate near-complete fluorescence signal recovery for both the sensing and nonsensing regions of the microarrays. Of significance is that our approach can be integrated into existing array technologies where sensing and nonsensing regions are extensively fouled. We believe that this technology will be pivotal in the development and advancement of microsensors and their biological applications.
Spectral and dose dependence of ultraviolet radiation-induced immunosuppression (2006)

Ultraviolet radiation (UV) wavelength and dose dependence has been demonstrated for a number of cutaneous endpoints such as erythema, pigment darkening, DNA damage, and photocarcinogenesis. More recently, a number of in-vitro and in-vivo models of UV immunosuppression have implicated UVA (320-400 nm) in immune protection as well as immune suppression. While the wavelength dependencies for immunosuppression within UVB have been well established in mice, the exact role of specific UVA wavelengths has been less clear. Moreover, in humans, the spectral dependence of UV immunosuppression is even less well established. This review firstly outlines the established UV action spectra for a variety of cutaneous effects. The waveband and dose dependence of UV immunosuppression and its mechanisms are explored with a focus on in-vivo models. Finally, since UV immunosuppression along with DNA damage is thought to play a central role in the development of skin cancer, a clearer understanding of the immunosuppressive potential of discrete UV wavebands will allow a more rational approach to our understanding and prevention of skin cancer.
Synthesis, Pharmacological and Biophysical Characterization, and Membrane-Interaction QSAR Analysis of Cationic Amphiphilic Model Compounds (1999)

Cationic amphiphilic drugs have a propensity to interact with biological interphases. This study was designed to gain more insight into the molecular properties of catamphiphilic drugs which govern this type of interaction. A series of phenylpropylamine model compounds were synthesized in which modifications were incorporated at the aromatic part of the molecule. The replacement of 45Ca2+ from phosphatidylserine monolayers served to monitor drug binding to the phospholipid. The influence on the phase-transition temperature of liposomes of dipalmitoylphosphatidic acid was measured to assess the perturbing action of the drugs on the structural organization of phospholipid assemblies. The antiarrhythmic activity of the compounds was determined in Langendorff preparations of guinea pig hearts to assess the membrane-stabilizing action. Quantitative structure−activity relationship (QSAR) models for these endpoints were developed using both intra- and intermolecular QSAR descriptors. Intermolecular membrane-interaction descriptors were derived from molecular dynamics simulations of the compounds in a model phospholipid monolayer. QSAR models were derived for all endpoints using partial least-squares regression (PLS) and a genetic algorithm tool, the genetic function approximation (GFA). Membrane-interaction descriptors appear to be of a particular importance in explaining the influence of the compounds on the phase-transition temperature of DPPA liposomes, while the other endpoints can be adequately modeled by intramolecular descriptors. The calcium-displacing activity at phosphatidylserine monolayers is governed by the electrostatic properties of the compounds. Measures of lipophilicity and molecular size are of particular importance for antiarrhythmic activity. Possible improvements to both the molecular modeling and the applied computational protocol of membrane-solute systems are identified and discussed.
Introduction Preparing the Materials: Prolegomenon for a Study of Prosaic Religion (2006)

When I arrived in Bhaktapur, Nepal, in June 1995 to begin fieldwork, one of the first questions I was asked was, "So, just what is (a) god?" It was the early afternoon on June 26. I was drinking a Coke and writing down some scratch field notes in Taumadhi, the city's central square. A city of approximately 80,000 inhabitants, Bhaktapur lies seven miles east of Kathmandu, Nepal, and is one of the three "royal" centers of the Kathmandu Valley that attained prominence during the Malla dynasty (A.D. 1482–1769) (Grieve 2002). Often called Nepal's cultural capital, Bhaktapur, known for its imposing medieval sacred architecture, is a "must see" for visitors to the country and, in what at first may seem idiosyncratic, it is also the center for the Nepal Workers and Peasants Party (NWPP), a communist group whose ideology stems form North Korea (Bijukchhe n.d.: Gellner 2001, 276–92; Grieve 2003).KeywordsGenerative MatrixReligious PracticeReligious ExperienceRough SketchReligious PhenomenonThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Bone regeneration: the stem/progenitor cells point of view (2009)

After bone injuries, several molecular mechanisms establish bone repair from stem/progenitor cells. Inflammation factors attract regenerative cells which expand and differentiate in order to build up a bone highly similar to that before injury. Bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as skeletal stem cells and endothelial progenitors (EPCs) are at the origin of such reparation mechanisms. However, discrepancies exist about their identities. Although cultured MSCs are extensively described, their in vivo native forms are poorly known. In addition, recent experiments show that several types of EPC exist. We therefore review up-to-date data on the characterization of such stem/progenitor cells and propose a new point of view of their function in bone regeneration.
Multi-Adversarial Domain Adaptation (2018)

Recent advances in deep domain adaptation reveal that adversarial learning can be embedded into deep networks to learn transferable features that reduce distribution discrepancy between the source and target domains. Existing domain adversarial adaptation methods based on single domain discriminator only align the source and target data distributions without exploiting the complex multimode structures. In this paper, we present a multi-adversarial domain adaptation (MADA) approach, which captures multimode structures to enable fine-grained alignment of different data distributions based on multiple domain discriminators. The adaptation can be achieved by stochastic gradient descent with the gradients computed by back-propagation in linear-time. Empirical evidence demonstrates that the proposed model outperforms state of the art methods on standard domain adaptation datasets.
Amphotericin B: Time for a New "Gold Standard" (2003)

When introduced in 1959, amphotericin B deoxycholate (AmBD) was clearly a life-saving drug. Randomized studies demonstrating its efficacy were not thought to be necessary, and it was granted indications for many invasive fungal infections. Despite its formidable toxicities, AmBD is thus often used as the primary comparator in studies of invasive fungal infections. Safer lipid-based versions of amphotericin B (AmB) have been introduced, but difficulties with studying these agents generally led to licensure for salvage therapy, not primary therapy. However, the cumulative clinical experience to date with the lipid-based preparations is now adequate to demonstrate that these agents are no less active than AmBD, and, for some infections, it can now be stated that specific lipid-based preparations of AmB are superior to AmBD. Given their superior safety profiles, these preparations can now be considered suitable replacements for AmBD for primary therapy for many invasive fungal infections in clinical practice and research.
Promoters for the Human β-Hexosaminidase Genes, <i>HEXA</i> and <i>HEXB</i> (1996)

Human lysosomal beta-hexosaminidases are encoded by two genes, HEXA and HEXB, specifying an alpha- and a beta-subunit, respectively. The subunits dimerize to form beta-hexosaminidase A (alpha beta), beta-hexosaminidase B (beta beta), and beta-hexosaminidase S (alpha alpha). This enzyme system has the capacity to degrade a variety of cellular substrates: oligosaccharides, glycosaminoglycans, and glycolipids containing beta-linked N-acetylglucosaminyl or N-galactosaminyl residues. Mutations in either the HEXA gene or HEXB gene lead to an accumulation of GM2 ganglioside in neurons, resulting in the severe neurodegenerative disorders termed the GM2 gangliosidoses. To identify the DNA elements responsible for hexosaminidase expression, we ligated the 5'-flanking sequences of both the human and mouse hexosaminidase genes to a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. The resulting plasmids were transfected into NIH-3T3 cells and CAT activity was determined as a measure of promoter strength. By 5' deletion analysis, it was found that essential sequences for HEXA expression resided within a 40-bp region between 100 bp and 60 bp upstream of the ATG initiation codon. This area contained two potential estrogen response element half-sites as well as potential binding sites for transcription factors NF-E1 and AP-2. Similarly, important HEXB promoter sequences were localized to a 60-bp region between 150 bp and 90 bp upstream of the ATG codon. By performing scanning mutagenesis on a 60-bp region within the 150-bp HEXB construct, we defined an essential promoter element of 12 bp that contained two potential AP-1 sites. The mouse Hexa and Hexb 5'-flanking sequences were found to contain regions similar in sequence, location, and activity to the essential promoter elements defined in the cognate human genes. No sequence similarity was found, however, between 5'-flanking regions of the HEXA and HEXB genes. These essential promoter elements represent potential sites for HEXA and HEXB mutations that could alter enzyme expression in Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff diseases, respectively.
Dopaminergic Dynamics Contributing to Social Behavior (2014)

Social interaction is a complex behavior that is essential for the survival of many species, and it is impaired in a broad range of neuropsychiatric disorders. Several cortical and subcortical brain regions have been implicated in a variety of sociosexual behaviors, with pharmacological studies pointing to a key role of the neurotransmitter dopamine. However, little is understood about the real-time circuit dynamics causally underlying social interaction. Here, we consider current knowledge on the role of brain reward circuitry in same-sex social behavior and describe findings from new methods for probing how this circuitry governs social motivation in health and disease.
Fluoxetine Potentiation by Buspirone: Three Case Histories (1991)

The potentiation of fluoxetine by buspirone is described in three cases of treatment-resistant depression. All three patients improved markedly with very few side-effects from the medication. The possibility of synergy between drugs that affect serotonin reuptake inhibition, 5HT1A receptors and 5HT2 receptors is discussed.
Effects of elevated CO2 on a temperate forest soil ecosystem (2010)

Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations might indirectly influence soil ecosystem by stimulating plant photosynthesis, belowground allocation of carbon and root exudation. The changed structure and/or function of soil ecosystem are thought to modify the mineralization of organic matter and nutrient transformations, which potentially result in positive or negative feedback to CO2 enrichment. Microorganisms play a key role in the responseof soil ecosystems to the rising pCO2as they mineralize organic matter and drive nutrient cycling. To assess the impact of elevated CO2 concentrations on microbial community and activity in a temperate forest soil developed from old volcano ashes, we conducted an open top chamber (OTC) experiment for growing three species of trees, Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc), Changpai Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestriformis (Takenouchi) T. Wang ex Cheng) and oak (Quercus mongolica Fisch) in Changbai mountain forest ecosystems, northeastern China. Soils were collected after 7 years of treatment from elevated (500 μl l−1) and ambient (350 μl l−1) CO2 chambers at seven sampling dates from spring 2006 to autumn 2007.
Security enhancement for the "simple authentication key agreement algorithm" (2002)

The weaknesses of the simple authenticated key agreement (SAKA) protocol were shown by H. Sun (2000). These weaknesses include the following facts: (1) it cannot detect a masquerade, (2) it cannot withstand a dictionary attack, and (3) it cannot provide perfect forward secrecy. In this paper, we improve the SAKA algorithm to overcome these weaknesses. In addition, we show that the improved scheme is more simple and more secure than the original one.
Chronologic modeling of faulted and fractured reservoirs using geomechanically based restoration: Technique and industry applications (2006)

We have developed a geomechanically based restoration method to model reservoir deformation. The approach, founded on the finite-element method, simulates the physical behavior of the rock mass and considers heterogeneous material properties, bedding slip, and the mechanical interaction of faults. To demonstrate the method's potential, we analyze the deformation and fault growth in the hanging wall of a synsedimentary listric normal fault from a sand-box model, which provides an analog for evaluating complex faulted reservoirs. The numerical model results are then analyzed to investigate the chronology of faulting. The numerical model corresponds well to the physical model and provides additional insights about reservoir evolution and deformation. The approach is also tested on a natural example of folding using outcrop data to study contractional deformation. These examples illustrate how undetected faults and fractures, reservoir compartmentalization, hydrocarbon-migration pathways, and hydrocarbon traps can be understood in the context of tectonic processes and how this understanding can be exploited in decision making and reducing risk. We conclude that the geomechanically based restoration of faulted and fractured reservoirs has significant potential for industry applications compared to common geometric restoration techniques, which lack a mechanical basis.
Drying rate alters soluble carbohydrates, desiccation tolerance, and subsequent seedling growth of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) zygotic embryos during in vitro maturation (1998)

In vitro culture of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) seeds and zygotic embryos is used to study factors affecting seed growth, maturation, desiccation tolerance, and germination. While germination of in vitro matured zygotic embryos is usually greater than 80%, seedling growth is often lower than that of seeds matured in planta. Soluble carbohydrates in axis and cotyledon tissues of soybean zygotic embryos at 0–32 days of in vitro culture were assayed before drying, after fast drying, and after slow drying and related to changes in germination and axis growth of seedlings. Germinability was improved by slow drying. A low mass ratio of sucrose to raffinose plus stachyose was associated with germinability but was not sufficient for the maintenance of high seedling growth after prolonged culture in vitro. The loss of seedling growth as a function of days in culture correlated (r2=0.94) with a decline in stachyose concentration in axis tissues after slow drying. Total pinitol did not exceed that present in embryos before culture, and accumulation of galactopinitols and fagopyritol B1 was limited in embryos grown in vitro. Responses of zygotic embryos to in vitro culture may be useful in understanding problems associated with the conversion of soybean somatic embryos to plantlets and vigorous growth of plantlets.
Molecular Modeling of Ligand and Mutation Sites of the Type A Domains of Human von Willebrand Factor and Their Relevance to von Willebrand's Disease (1998)

von Willebrand factor (vWF) is a large multimeric, multidomain glycoprotein found in platelets, endothelial cells and plasma. The A1, A2, and A3 domains in vWF mediate binding to glycoprotein Ib, ristocetin, botrocetin, collagen, sulphatides, and heparin and provide a protease cleavage site. Mutations causing types 2B, 2M, and 2A von Willebrand's disease (vWD) are located in the A1 and A2 domains. Homology modeling was performed to provide a molecular interpretation of vWF function and mutation sites. This was based on our previous alignment of 75 vWF-A sequences, the doubly wound alpha/beta fold seen in recent vWF-A crystal structures from complement receptor type 3 and lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1, and our new alignment of 28 vWF A1 and A2 sequences from different species. The active site in doubly-wound alpha/beta folds forms a crevice that is located at the switch point between the two halves of the central beta-sheet, and usually contains two metal-binding Asp residues in the vWF-A superfamily. Although one of these Asp residues is absent from the A1, A2, and A3 domains, this crevice is shown to correspond to the ristocetin binding site in the A1 domain and the protease cleavage site in the A2 domain. The residues R571-K572-R578-R579-K585 are found to be conserved in 28 A1 sequences and are predicted to constitute the heparin binding site in the A1 domain. Inspection of the type 2M vWD mutation sites that are involved in downregulation of glycoprotein Ib (GpIb) binding to vWF shows that these are spatially clustered at the carboxyl-edge of the beta-sheet and above it in the A1 domain and may directly perturb GpIb binding. In contrast, the type 2B vWD mutation sites that are involved in upregulation of GpIb binding to vWF are spatially clustered at the amino edge of this beta-sheet and below it and are located on the opposite side of the A1 domain from the type 2M mutation sites. The type 2B mutations are located between the heparin and GpIb binding sites. Because heparin binding inhibits the interaction with GpIb, this provides an explanation of vWF upregulation. The type 2A vWD mutation sites in the A2 domain correspond to buried residues that are otherwise 100% conserved across all 28 species, and are likely to be important for the correct folding of the A2 domain and its physiologically important protease site.
Clinical efficacy of home-use blue-light therapy for mild-to moderate acne (2011)

The results support the effectiveness of using blue-light LED therapy on a daily basis for better improvement and faster resolution of inflammatory acne lesions.
ChemInform Abstract: FLUORINATED ELEMENT‐ORGANICS‐ OXIDATIVE LIQUID PHASE DIRECT FLUORINATION. 3. . DIFLUOROARSORANES AND HOMOLOGOUS COMPOUNDS R′R2EF2 (E = ARSENIC, ANTIMONY, BISMUTH) BY OXIDATIVE DIRECT FLUORINATION OF ORGANOARSINES, ‐STIBINES, AND ‐BISMUTHINES (1978)

Abstract Die direkte Gas‐ fluorierung der Verbindungen (I) in wasserfreiem CFCl 3 führt zu Element(V)‐di‐ fluoriden (II).
Real time UNIX in embedded control-a case study within the context of LynxOS (1996)

Intelligent communication controllers for a layered protocol profile are a typical example of an embedded control application, where the classical approach for the software development is based on a proprietary real-time operating system kernel under which the individual layers are implemented as tasks. Based on the exemplary implementation of a derivative of MAP 3.0, an unusual and innovative approach is presented, where the protocol software is implemented under the UNIX-compatible real-time operating system LynxOS. The overall design of the embedded control application is presented under a more general view and economical implications as well as aspects of the development environment and performance are discussed.