gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance enhancement of the tunnel field effect transistor using a SiGe source (2007)

Due to extremely low off state current (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> ) and excellent sub-threshold characteristics, the tunnel field effect transistor (TFET) has attracted a lot of attention for low standby power applications. In this work, we aim to increase the on state current (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> ) of the device. A novel device architecture with a SiGe source is proposed. The proposed structure shows an order of improvement in I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> compared to the conventional Si structure. A process flow adaptable to conventional CMOS technology is also addressed.
VoiceXML and the W3C speech interface framework (2003)

VoiceXML is a markup language for creating voice-user interfaces. It uses speech and telephone touchtone recognition for input and prerecorded audio and text-to-speech synthesis (TTS) for output. It's based on the World Wide Web Consortium's (W3C's) Extensible Markup Language (XML) and leverages the Web paradigm for application development and deployment. By having a common language, application developers, platform vendors, and tool providers all can benefit from code portability and reuse. The paper discusses VoiceXML and the W3C speech interface framework.
Dynamic Prioritization in Regression Testing (2011)

Although used extensively in industry, regression testing is challenging from both a process management as well as a resource management perspective. In literature, proposed test case prioritization techniques assume a constant pool of test cases with non-changing coverage during the regression testing process, and therefore they work with a fixed, prioritized test suite. However, in practice, test cases and their coverage metrics may change during regression testing due to modifications of software artefacts (e.g. due to bug fixing). For example, modifying obsolete test cases or source code may change the coverage metrics during the process. This may lead to some changes in test case priorities. Dealing with manual tests cases, scheduling test case execution in shared environments and other constraints in practice may cause the same effect. In this paper, we highlight these challenges in industrial regression testing and propose a paradigm called Dynamic Prioritization, which uses in-process events and the most up-to-date test suite to re-order test cases.
Perturbation analysis of database queries (2016)

We present a system, Perada , for parallel perturbation analysis of database queries. Perturbation analysis considers the results of a query evaluated with (a typically large number of) different parameter settings, to help discover leads and evaluate claims from data. Perada simplifies the development of general, ad hoc perturbation analysis by providing a flexible API to support a variety of optimizations such as grouping, memoization, and pruning; by automatically optimizing performance through run-time observation, learning, and adaptation; and by hiding the complexity of concurrency and failures from its developers. We demonstrate Perada's efficacy and efficiency with real workloads applying perturbation analysis to computational journalism.
Chemical Analysis of Synthetic Fibers (1973)

Abstract The analytical characterization of synthetic fibers has not kept pace with their development and production. Whereas the “second‐generation” fibers have already conquered the market, the chemical investigation methods used until now for the three classical fiber polymers of the polyester, polyamide, and polyacrylonitrile types are still frequently unsatisfactory. Though they satisfy the requirements of production supervision and quality control, they do not supply enough information to enable us to understand and to explain the degradation of and damage to the polymers under hydrolytic, thermal, or thermooxidative influences. This report presents methods of chemical analysis that open up new possibilities for investigations of this nature on synthetic fibers. The results reported for commercial products must not be taken as an assessment of quality. They are simply intended to show the diversity to be expected in the chemical properties and to emphasize the practical basis of the chemical analysis of synthetic fibers.
Antisense Repression of Hexokinase 1 Leads to an Overaccumulation of Starch in Leaves of Transgenic Potato Plants But Not to Significant Changes in Tuber Carbohydrate Metabolism (1999)

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants transformed with sense and antisense constructs of a cDNA encoding the potato hexokinase 1 (StHK1) exhibited altered enzyme activities and expression of StHK1 mRNA. Measurements of the maximum catalytic activity of hexokinase revealed a 22-fold variation in leaves (from 22% of the wild-type activity in antisense transformants to 485% activity in sense transformants) and a 7-fold variation in developing tubers (from 32% of the wild-type activity in antisense transformants to 222% activity in sense transformants). Despite the wide range of hexokinase activities, no change was found in the fresh weight yield, starch, sugar, or metabolite levels of transgenic tubers. However, there was a 3-fold increase in the starch content of leaves from the antisense transformants after the dark period. Starch accumulation at the end of the night period was correlated with a 2-fold increase of glucose and a decrease of sucrose content. These results provide strong support for the hypothesis that glucose is a primary product of transitory starch degradation and is the sugar that is exported to the cytosol at night to support sucrose biosynthesis.
Assessing the Efficacy of Mdm2/Mdm4-Inhibiting Stapled Peptides Using Cellular Thermal Shift Assays (2015)

Previous publications on stapled peptide inhibitors against Mdm2/Mdm4-p53 interactions have established that this new class of drugs have the potential to be easily optimised to attain high binding affinity and specificity, but the mechanisms controlling their cellular uptake and target engagement remain elusive and controversial. To aid in understanding the rules of peptide and staple design, and to enable rapid optimisation, we employed the newly-developed cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA). CETSA was able to validate stapled peptide binding to Mdm2 and Mdm4, and the method was also used to determine the extent of cellular uptake, cellular availability, and intracellular binding of the endogenous target proteins in its native environment. Our data suggest that while the stapled peptides engage their targets intracellularly, more work is needed to improve their cellular entry and target engagement efficiency in vivo. CETSA now provides a valuable tool to optimize such in vivo properties of stapled peptides.
Shelf-Life Evaluation of Bilayered Human Skin Equivalent, MyDerm™ (2012)

Skin plays an important role in defense against infection and other harmful biological agents. Due to its fragile structure, skin can be easily damaged by heat, chemicals, traumatic injuries and diseases. An autologous bilayered human skin equivalent, MyDerm™, was engineered to provide a living skin substitute to treat critical skin loss. However, one of the disadvantages of living skin substitute is its short shelf-life, hence limiting its distribution worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the shelf-life of MyDerm™ through assessment of cell morphology, cell viability, population doubling time and functional gene expression levels before transplantation. Skin samples were digested with 0.6% Collagenase Type I followed by epithelial cells dissociation with TrypLE Select. Dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes were culture-expanded to obtain sufficient cells for MyDerm™ construction. MyDerm™ was constructed with plasma-fibrin as temporary biomaterial and evaluated at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours after storage at 4°C for its shelf-life determination. The morphology of skin cells derived from MyDerm™ remained unchanged across storage times. Cells harvested from MyDerm™ after storage appeared in good viability (90.5%±2.7% to 94.9%±1.6%) and had short population doubling time (58.4±8.7 to 76.9±19 hours). The modest drop in cell viability and increased in population doubling time at longer storage duration did not demonstrate a significant difference. Gene expression for CK10, CK14 and COL III were also comparable between different storage times. In conclusion, MyDerm™ can be stored in basal medium at 4°C for at least 72 hours before transplantation without compromising its functionality.
Resistance Strip Magnetic Electron Multiplier (1961)

A magnetic electron multiplier which utilizes a strip of semiconductor material rather than a conventional multielement dynode structure is described. Especially suitable for use in demountable vacuum systems, it amplifies and detects the electrons which result from bombardment of the cathode with ions, neutral molecules, photons, etc. Gains over 107, and dark currents lower than 0.1 electron per second referred to the cathode have been obtained. The addition of crossed field gates to rapidly direct the output beam to any one of several output anodes is discussed. Theory of operation and results of experimental measurements are reported.
Performance Analysis of IEEE 802.11 WLANs With Saturated and Unsaturated Sources (2011)

This paper proposes a comprehensive but tractable model of IEEE 802.11 carrying traffic from a mixture of saturated and unsaturated (Poisson) sources, with potentially different quality-of-service (QoS) parameters, i.e., TXOP limit, <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CW</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> , and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CW</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> . The model is used to investigate the interaction between these two types of sources, which is particularly useful for systems seeking to achieve load-independent “fair” service differentiation. We show that, when the TXOP limit for unsaturated sources is greater than one packet, batches are distributed as a geometric random variable clipped to TXOP limit. Furthermore, we present asymptotic results for access delay distribution, which indicates that it is infeasible to obtain real-time service in the presence of eight or more saturated sources, regardless of the real-time traffic load, given that all stations use a <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CW</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> of 32.
Kinematics and internal force in grasping multiple objects (2002)

Discusses the analysis of kinematics and internal force under the gravitational field in grasping multiple objects. We first provide a general, mathematical formulation on the kinematic relationships for multiple objects grasped by a multifingered hand. We show a sufficient condition for lifting up two objects toward the palm. An experimental result verifies that the sufficient condition can be easily satisfied. We also analyze the internal forces for grasped objects, and introduce an index for evaluating the degrees of freedom of internal forces. Finally, we show a couple of examples to explain the physical interpretation of internal forces in connection with the index.
PATHALIAS, or, The Care and Feeding of Relative Addresses (1986)

Pathalias computes electronic mail routes in environments that mix explicit and implicit routing, as well as syntax styles. We describe the history of pathalias, its algorithms and data structures, and our design decisions and compromises. Pathalias is guided by a simple philosophy: get the mail through, reliably and efficiently. We discuss the principles of routing in heterogeneous environments necessary to make this philosophy a reality.
FTY720 does not protect from traumatic brain injury in mice despite reducing posttraumatic inflammation (2014)

Inflammation is a pathological hallmark of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Recent evidence suggests that immune cells such as lymphocytes are of particular relevance for lesion development after TBI. FTY720, a sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator, sequesters T lymphocytes in lymphoid organs and has been shown to improve outcome in a variety of neurological disease models. We investigated the mode of FTY720 action in models of TBI. Focal cortical cryolesion was induced in C57BL/6 mice treated with FTY720 (1 mg/kg) or vehicle immediately before injury. Lesion size was assessed 24 h later. Immune cells in the blood and brain were counted by flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. The integrity of the blood–brain barrier was analyzed using Evans Blue dye. To validate the findings in a diffuse brain trauma model, FTY720-treated mice and controls were subjected to weight drop contusion injury and neurological deficits were assessed until day 7. As expected FTY720 significantly lowered the numbers of circulating lymphocytes and attenuated the invasion of immune cells into the damaged brain parenchyma. However, FTY720 was unable to improve lesion size or functional outcome in both trauma models at either stage, i.e. acute vs chronic. Accordingly, the extent of blood–brain barrier disruption and neuronal apoptosis was similar between FTY720-treated mice and controls. We conclude that pharmacological S1P receptor modulation is an unfavorable strategy to combat TBI. Moreover, our findings put into perspective the pathophysiological relevance of inflammatory cells in traumatic neurodegeneration.
An efficient reconciliation algorithm for social networks (2014)

People today typically use multiple online social networks (Facebook, Twitter, Google+, LinkedIn, etc.). Each online network represents a subset of their "real" ego-networks. An interesting and challenging problem is to reconcile these online networks, that is, to identify all the accounts belonging to the same individual. Besides providing a richer understanding of social dynamics, the problem has a number of practical applications. At first sight, this problem appears algorithmically challenging. Fortunately, a small fraction of individuals explicitly link their accounts across multiple networks; our work leverages these connections to identify a very large fraction of the network. Our main contributions are to mathematically formalize the problem for the first time, and to design a simple, local, and efficient parallel algorithm to solve it. We are able to prove strong theoretical guarantees on the algorithm's performance on well-established network models (Random Graphs, Preferential Attachment). We also experimentally confirm the effectiveness of the algorithm on synthetic and real social network data sets.
What are the common anthracnose pathogens of tropical fruits? (2013)

Species of Colletotrichum are associated with anthracnose of a wide range of host plants including cultivated and wild tropical fruits. The genetic and ecological diversity of species associated with wild fruits are poorly explored, as compared to those associated with pre and postharvest diseases of cultivated fruits. In the present study, isolates of Colletotrichum were obtained from commercially available cultivated fruits, wild fruits (from native trees in natural habitats) and a few herbaceous hosts collected in northern Thailand. These isolates were initially characterized based on analysis of complete sequences of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), into the genetically defined species complexes of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, C. acutatum, C. boninense and C. truncatum. The isolates were primarily identified in the C. gloeosporioides species complex, based on a strongly supported clade within the ITS gene tree and were further characterized using multi-gene phylogenetic analyses and morphology. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS, partial sequences of actin (ACT), calmodulin (CAL), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), glutamine synthetase (GS) and β-tubulin (TUB2) genetic markers were performed individually and in combination. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu stricto was identified from lime (Citrus aurantifolia) and rose apple (Syzygium samarangense). Colletotrichum fructicola was isolated from dragon fruit (Hylocerous undatus) and jujube (Ziziphus sp.). Colletotrichum endophytica was found only from an unknown wild fruit. We observed a considerable genetic and host diversity of species occurring on tropical fruits within the clade previously known as Colletotrichum siamense sensu lato. The clade consists of isolates identified as pre and postharvest pathogens on a wide range of fruits, including coffee (Coffea arabica), custard apple (Annona reticulata), Cerbera sp., figs (Ficus racemosa) mango (Mangifera indica), neem (Azadirachta indica) and papaya (Carica papaya) and was the dominant group of species among most wild fruits studied. With the exception of one isolate from banana, which grouped in the C. siamense clade, all the other isolates were identified as Colletotrichum musae. A new species, Colletotrichum syzygicola, associated with Syzygium samarangense in Thailand, is introduced with descriptions and illustrations. This study highlights the need to re-assess the evolutionary relationships of Colletotrichum species occurring on cultivated and wild fruits with emphasis on their ecology and cryptic diversification including sampling at regional and global scales.
Purification and Characterization of Proteasomes from <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2001)

The proteasome plays a central role in eukaryotic cells since it is responsible for the degradation of specific proteins involved in a large range of cellular processes. Analysis of proteasome mechanisms of action, or in vitro reconstitution, or dissection of the complex biological pathways in which it partakes, requires a reliable source of pure active proteasome. Although the biologically relevant form of the proteasome is usually considered to be the 26S proteasome, this unit describes different methods for purification and study of both 26S and 20S proteasomes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells.
Studies on the absorption of sodium guaiazulene-3-sulfonate. I. (1985)

From the view points of safety and efficacy of sodium guaiazulene-3-sulfonate (GAS) after oral cavity administration, the absorption behavior of GAS was investigated in rats and rabbits and following results were obtained. 1) GAS was absorbed not from oral cavity but from nasal cavity in rats and rabbits. 2) The in situ perfusion experiments revealed the existence of dose-dependent specific absorption mechanism in the rat small intestine. 3) GAS was absorbed from neither the rat stomach nor the rectum. These facts reveal that GAS transfers into the systemic circulation only through the small intestine after the clinical application to the oral cavity. And these absorption characteristics of GAS are suited for its direct action on the inflamed oral mucosa. When GAS is administered into the oral cavity, the safety is at least the same as that obtained after oral administration.
VIII.—NEW BOOKS (1969)

VIII.—NEW BOOKS Get access Theory of Knowledge. By RODERICK M. CHISHOLM. Prentice Hall Inc.: New Jersey 1966. Pp. 117. £2 4s. 6d.Pb. 18s 6d. G. BIRD G. BIRD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mind, Volume LXXVIII, Issue 310, April 1969, Pages 305–307, https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/LXXVIII.310.305 Published: 01 April 1969
Genomewide Screening Reveals High Levels of Insertional Polymorphism in the Human Endogenous Retrovirus Family HERV-K(HML2): Implications for Present-Day Activity (2005)

The published human genome sequence contains many thousands of endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) but all are defective, containing nonsense mutations or major deletions. Only the HERV-K(HML2) family has been active since the divergence of humans and chimpanzees; it contains many members that are human specific, as well as several that are insertionally polymorphic (an inserted element present only in some human individuals). Here we perform a genomewide survey of insertional polymorphism levels in this family by using the published human genome sequence and a diverse sample of 19 humans. We find that there are 113 human-specific HERV-K(HML2) elements in the human genome sequence, 8 of which are insertionally polymorphic (11 if we extrapolate to those within regions of the genome that were not suitable for amplification). The average rate of accumulation since the divergence with chimpanzees is thus approximately 3.8 x 10(-4) per haploid genome per generation. Furthermore, we find that the number of polymorphic elements is not significantly different from that predicted by a standard population genetic model that assumes constant activity of the family until the present. This suggests to us that the HERV-K(HML2) family may be active in present-day humans. Active (replication-competent) elements are likely to have inserted very recently and to be present at low allele frequencies, and they may be causing disease in the individuals carrying them. This view of the family from a population perspective rather than a genome perspective will inform the current debate about a possible role of HERV-K(HML2) in human disease.
In Vitro Whole-Blood Analysis of Cellular Immunity in Patients with Active Coccidioidomycosis by Using the Antigen Preparation T27K (2002)

Measurement of cellular immunity in human coccidioidomycosis has important diagnostic and prognostic implications. The coccidioidin skin test has been the standard for the measurement of this, but it is not available in the United States. We examined the utility of measuring surface expression of CD69 on T lymphocytes in whole blood incubated with the coccidioidal antigen preparation T27K as an alternative to the skin test. Seventy donors with active coccidioidomycosis were studied. The mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of CD69 expression on CD3 lymphocytes in response to T27K was 28.61 +/- 1.77, significantly greater than the control response of 11.45 +/- 0.78 (P < 0.001). The MFI CD69 response to T27K above that for the control (MFI CD69 above control) was 6.35 +/- 2.18 for seven subjects with disseminated coccidioidomycosis who were studied within 5 months of diagnosis. This was significantly below the value of 20.17 +/- 3.17 for 18 subjects with pulmonary coccidioidomycosis studied within 5 months of diagnosis and the value of 19.58 +/- 2.91 for 27 subjects with disseminated coccidioidomycosis studied after 5 months of diagnosis (for both, P < 0.05). There was an inverse correlation between coccidioidal clinical score and MFI CD69 above control for all 34 subjects with disseminated coccidioidomycosis (r = 0.362; P = 0.036) but not for the 36 subjects with pulmonary disease (r < 0.001; P = 0.993). Among 30 subjects for whom data were available, there was a highly significant association between the MFI CD69 above control and the supernatant concentrations of gamma interferon, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (for all, P < 0.001), but not for IL-4, IL-5, or IL-10. These data indicate that in vitro assessment of CD69 expression on T lymphocytes by using T27K may be a useful measure of cellular immune response among subjects with active coccidioidomycosis.