gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ZD4054, a selective endothelin A receptor antagonist, reduces breast cancer cell migration and invasion and exhibits additive effects with aromatase inhibitors and fulvestrant (2007)

A275 Purpose: The endothelin axis with endothelin-1 (ET-1), endothelin A receptor (ETAR), and ET-1 synthesizing endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1) is of major importance in the development and progression of breast carcinomas. Overexpression of ET-1, ETAR, and ECE-1 is associated with aggressive disease, metastasis, and decreased survival. Binding of ET-1 to ETAR induces cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and anti-apoptosis. Therefore, selective antagonism of ETAR may represent an innovatively targeted therapy for breast cancer.  Experimental design: In this study, we characterized the effects of the selective ETAR antagonist ZD4054 on breast cancer cell gene expression, proliferation, migration, and invasion. Changes in gene expression were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. Proliferation was analyzed using bromodeoxyuridine and alamarBlue® assays. Migration and invasion assays were performed using modified Boyden chambers, which were coated with a Matrigel™ membrane for the latter assays, to simulate the physiological basement membrane barrier.  Results: Using real-time PCR, to quantify the influence on the expression of the ET axis, we found that ZD4054 significantly reduced ET-1, ETAR, and ECE-1 mRNA expression in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of ZD4054 on breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. As expected from previous studies, proliferation of breast cancer cells was not affected by ZD4054. However, ZD4054 significantly reduced cellular migration by up to 26.7% (MDA-MB-468; P
On the Evolution of the Skull and Teeth in the Erinaceidae, with Special Reference to Fossil Material in the British Museum (1948)

Summary. A comparative study is made of external features of the skull in the recent genera of Erinaceidae. An account of the dentition and occlusal relations is also given, including some characteristic features of the root‐pattern, hitherto undescribed. A description is given of the Oligoccne and Miocene Erinaceid material in the British Museum (Natural History). This includes a well‐preserved cranium of Neurogymnurus cayluxi which shows the structure of the tympanic cavity, the orbitotemporal region and the ethmoturbinals. Neurogymnurus minor Lydekker is transferred to the genus Galerix . A new genus (Mioechinus) is created for Erinaceus oeningensis Lydekker, and Erinaceus sansaniensis Lartet is provisionally placed in this genus. The name Amphechinus Aymard is substituted for Palaeoerinaceus Filhol on grounds of priority, and certain differences between specimens from the L. Oligocene, U. Oligocene and L. Miocene are noted. The inter‐relationships of the genera of Erinaceidae are discussed, and the conclusions reached differ in some respects from those of Leche (1902). Echinosorex (Gynmura) is rather closely related to Hylomys, but specialized in various characters, though showing a more primitive arrangement of the anterior teeth. Galerix, which appears to resemble Hylomys in its skull, is probably not far from the ancestry of the recent Echinosoricinae. Lanthanotherium shares with the recent Echinosoricinae a characteristic type of M 3 . Tupaiodon, which possesses the most primitive upper molar pattern known in the family, is probably related to Galerix. Neurogymnurus is placed in a new subfamily, Neurogymnurinae, on account of the structure of the mastoid region of the skull. The North American genera Brachyerix and Metechinus are not closely related to the Erinaceinae, but should probably be placed in the Neurogymnurinae. The recent Erinaceinae are probably derived from Amphechinus, the enlarged incisors of that genus becoming secondarily reduced. Mioechinus is in a number of respects intermediate between Amphechinus and the recent Erinaceinae. Amphechinus approaches the Echinosoricinae in many cranial characters. The following tribal names are proposed: Galericini, Echinosoricini, Neurogymnurini, Brachyericini, Protericini, Erinaceini. The hypothetical Eocene Erinaceidae probably had skulls like Hylomys, and dentitions like Galerix except that the molar pattern resembled Tupaiodon. It is most likely that they were mainly Old World in distribution. The North American genera Entomolestes, Xenacodon and Nyctitherium are considered as possible early Erinaceidae, though probably not ancestral types. A new family, Metacodontidae, is created for Metacodon, Plesiosorex and Meterix, which are of very doubtful affinities. The arrangement of turbinal bones in Neurogymnurus is very similar to that of Erinaceus. A scheme of homologies between the ethmoturbinals of Insectivores and Marsupials is put forward, and a new nomenclature suggested.
Nylon 12-Poly(oxybutylene) Block Copolymers (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNylon 12-Poly(oxybutylene) Block CopolymersShalaby W. Shalaby, Eli M. Pearce, and Herbert K. ReimschuesselCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1973, 12, 2, 128–132Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360046a006https://doi.org/10.1021/i360046a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views103Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Cyclizations: More than Just Olefin Metathesis! (2003)

From unexpected side products to new catalytic cyclizations: Numerous ruthenium-catalyzed cyclization reactions that probably proceed via five-membered ruthenium metallacycles and do not involve olefin metathesis have been described recently. The border between metathesis and nonmetathesis cyclization pathways is not always clearly defined. This phenomenon can lead to the discovery of new ruthenium-catalyzed reactions (see scheme; X=CR2, NR).
Centralization vs. decentralization of application software (2001)

article Share on Centralization vs. decentralization of application software Authors: David Schuff Temple Univ., Philadelphia, PA Temple Univ., Philadelphia, PAView Profile , Robert St. Louis Arizona State Univ., Tempe Arizona State Univ., TempeView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 44Issue 6June 2001pp 88–94https://doi.org/10.1145/376134.376177Published:01 June 2001Publication History 22citation4,986DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations22Total Downloads4,986Last 12 Months35Last 6 weeks5 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Hydrolysis of Retinyl Palmitate by Enzymes of Rat Pancreas and Liver (1989)

Previous studies have demonstrated that homogenates of the livers of rats contain a neutral retinyl ester hydrolase activity that requires millimolar concentrations of bile salts for maximal in vitro activity. The enzymatic properties of this neutral, bile salt-dependent retinyl ester hydrolase activity in liver homogenates are nearly identical to those observed in the present report for the in vitro hydrolysis of retinyl palmitate by purified rat pancreatic cholesteryl ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.13). Moreover, anti-rat pancreatic cholesteryl ester hydrolase IgG completely inhibits the bile salt-dependent retinyl ester hydrolase activity of rat liver homogenates whereas normal rabbit IgG does not. We also show that liver homogenates contain a neutral, bile salt-independent retinyl ester hydrolase activity that differs from the bile salt-dependent activity in that 1) its absolute activity does not vary markedly among individual rats, 2) it is not inhibited by antibodies to pancreatic cholesteryl ester hydrolase, and 3) it is localized in the microsomal fraction of liver homogenates. Subfractionation of microsomes demonstrates that the neutral, bile salt-independent retinyl ester hydrolase activity is associated with liver cell plasma membranes and thus may play a role in the hydrolysis of retinyl esters delivered to the liver by chylomicron remnants.
The AllScale Runtime Application Model (2018)

Contemporary state-of-the-art runtime systems underlying widely utilized general purpose parallel programming languages and libraries like OpenMP, MPI, or OpenCL provide the foundation for accessing the parallel capabilities of modern computing architectures. In the tradition of their respective imperative host languages those runtime systems' main focus is on providing means for the distribution and synchronization of operations - while the organization and management of manipulated data is left to application developers. Consequently, the distribution of data remains inaccessible to those runtime systems. However, many desirable system-level features depend on a runtime system's ability to exercise control on the distribution of data. Thus, program models underlying traditional systems lack the potential for the support of those features. In this paper, we present a novel application model granting parallel runtime systems system-wide control over the distribution of user-defined shared data structures. Our model utilizes the high-level nature of parallel programming languages, in particular, the usage of well-typed data structures and the associated hiding of implementation details from the application developers. By being based on a generalization of such data structures and extending the resulting abstraction with features facilitating the automated management of the distribution of those, our model enables runtime systems to dynamically influence the placement and replication of shared data. This paper covers a rigorous formal description of our application model, as well as details on our prototype implementation and experimental results demonstrating its ability to efficiently and scalably manage various data structures in real-world environments.
Alternate memory compression schemes for modular multiplication (1993)

A memory compression scheme which reduces the size of the lookup tables for modular multiplication by using a new symmetry property is presented. The compression ratio for a modulus p is equal to 4 and implies a 75% savings except if p is even and small. Although this compression ratio has been achieved before, the present scheme has the advantage of simpler peripheral hardware. A further benefit is that it lends itself to additional reduction of table size by a factor of about two, for a total savings of 87%. This additional reduction requires two stages of table lookup or more complicated addressing circuits. This modification, which achieves table compression by a factor of eight, is quite attractive in applications where long sequences of multiplications are performed. It is shown that by using a multiplication algorithm based on squaring, a compression ratio of roughly p/2 is achievable with moderate hardware complexity, and two lookup steps.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stereo vision system for car assembly (2002)

This paper presents a stereo vision system suitable for car assembly which requires recognition and localization of typical three dimensional industrial parts. The vision system should meet three requirements: fast processing, high accuracy and robustness. Both to reduce computational cost and to increase localization accuracy, videorate pipeline sub-pixel edge extractor, which can extract sub-pixel accurate edges from a 512/spl times/512 gray image with Canny edge finder (1986), has been developed. To recover a robust depth-map, the stereo algorithm which embodies several constraints, both to decide matching candidates and to calculate the strength of potential matches, uses information on 2D geometrical features recovered from edge segments. Experimental results show that this vision system can recognize complex industrial parts thus proving applicable for automation tasks.
The signature of somatic hypermutation appears to be written into the germline IgV segment repertoire (1998)

We present here a unifying hypothesis for the molecular mechanism of somatic hypermutation and somatic gene conversion in IgV genes involving reverse transcription using RNA templates from the V-gene loci to produce cDNA which undergoes homologous recombination with chromosomal V(D)J DNA. Experimental evidence produced over the last 20 years is essentially consistent with this hypothesis. We also review evidence suggesting that somatically generated IgV sequences from B lymphocytes have been fed back to germline DNA over evolutionary time.
Synthesis of Branched Polypropylene by a Reactive Extrusion Process (2002)

Polypropylenes with long chain branches were obtained using reactive extrusion in the presence of peroxide, a polyfunctional acrylate monomer and a co-reactant: a sulfide compound such as thiuram disulfide. By thermal decomposition, the thiuram disulfide gives two dithiocarbamate radicals. These radicals can be reacted with the macroradical PP, and this reaction is reversible. They induce a decrease in the instantaneous concentration of free radicals, favor the branching, and thus limit the effect of the β-scission. The long chain branches structure was confirmed by dynamic viscoelastic measurements and thermal analysis.
Intrinsic immune alterations in renal cell carcinoma and emerging immunotherapeutic approaches (2013)

As cure in advanced RCC cannot be accomplished with the current therapy standards such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, new treatment strategies are being sought. Enhancing the immune system represents an appealing avenue for kidney cancer therapy. Disappointingly, high-dose interleukin-2 and interferon-α cause severe toxicity and produce a questionable clinical benefit. The authors postulate that the 'durable responses' seen with these agents in only a handful of RCC patients represent spontaneous remissions. Promising immune strategies in RCC such as anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein antibodies, anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD1)/PD1 ligand and tumor vaccines may expand the existing options for kidney cancer in future years.
Nonlinear structure-reactivity correlations. Acyl transfer between sulfur and oxygen nucleophiles (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNonlinear structure-reactivity correlations. Acyl transfer between sulfur and oxygen nucleophilesD. J. Hupe and W. P. JencksCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 2, 451–464Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00444a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00444a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1187Altmetric-Citations205LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
An efficient broadcast query forwarding technique for wireless multipath routing (2005)

This paper introduces a new broadcast query (BQ) forwarding technique for multipath routing protocols that operate within wireless mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET). This technique increases the number of node disjoint routes created by up to 75% over standard broadcast forwarding strategies without causing any increase in the number of BQs forwarded.
STUDIES ON INTERMEDIATE CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (1960)

The possibility of a defect in pyruvate metabolism in multiple sclerosis was first investigated in detail by Jones, Jones, and Bunch (1950). These workers found that the mean fasting blood pyruvate level of 40 patients with multiple sclerosis in relapse was significantly greater than that of 30 control subjects and that there was also in these patients a rather greater rise after the ingestion of glucose. A group of 38 patients in remission showed only a slight elevation of the fasting blood pyruvate and a normal response to glucose ingestion. After glucose ingestion, however, Jeanes and Cumings (1958) found an abnormal rise in the blood pyruvate level in 15 of their 26 active and in two of their seven inactive cases.
Gluconobacter oxydans: its biotechnological applications. (2001)

Gluconobacter oxydans is a gram-negative bacterium belonging to the family Acetobacteraceae. G. oxydans is an obligate aerobe, having a respiratory type of metabolism using oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. Gluconobacter strains flourish in sugary niches e.g. ripe grapes, apples, dates, garden soil, baker's soil, honeybees, fruit, cider, beer, wine. Gluconobacter strains are non-pathogenic towards man and other animals but are capable of causing bacterial rot of apples and pears accompanied by various shades of browning. Several soluble and particulate polyol dehydrogenases have been described. The organism brings about the incomplete oxidation of sugars, alcohols and acids. Incomplete oxidation leads to nearly quantitative yields of the oxidation products making G. oxydans important for industrial use. Gluconobacter strains can be used industrially to produce L-sorbose from D-sorbitol; D-gluconic acid, 5-keto- and 2-ketogluconic acids from D-glucose; and dihydroxyacetone from glycerol. It is primarily known as a ketogenic bacterium due to 2,5-diketogluconic acid formation from D-glucose. Extensive fermentation studies have been performed to characterize its direct glucose oxidation, sorbitol oxidation, and glycerol oxidation. The enzymes involved have been purified and characterized, and molecular studies have been performed to understand these processes at the molecular level. Its possible application in biosensor technology has also been worked out. Several workers have explained its basic and applied aspects. In the present paper, its different biotechnological applications, basic biochemistry and molecular biology studies are reviewed.
Thermoplastic Compression Molded Horizontal Automotive Panels (1992)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A long glass reinforced thermoplastic horizontal “Class A” panel technology is discussed, based on compression molding of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) based stampable sheet. Molded panels can withstand temperatures up to 200°C for 30 minutes making them paintable on-line along with steel panels. Class A surface characteristics have been demonstrated in actual assembly plant paint trials. The panels also show mechanical properties competitive with thermoset sheet molding compounds (SMC), but at significantly reduced weight. Recyclability via remelt processing or depolymerization is discussed as a key advantage for PET-based exterior panel systems.</div>
Building robust wavelet estimators for multicomponent images using Stein's principle (2005)

Multichannel imaging systems provide several observations of the same scene which are often corrupted by noise. In this paper, we are interested in multispectral image denoising in the wavelet domain. We adopt a multivariate statistical approach in order to exploit the correlations existing between the different spectral components. Our main contribution is the application of Stein's principle to build a new estimator for arbitrary multichannel images embedded in additive Gaussian noise. Simulation tests carried out on optical satellite images show that the proposed method outperforms conventional wavelet shrinkage techniques.
Conditions for designing single-mode air-core waveguides in three-dimensional photonic crystals (2006)

The authors present a general procedure that allows the design of single-mode air-core waveguides in three-dimensional photonic crystals. The procedure involves analyzing the modal profile of the band edge mode in the perfect crystal, identifying the regions of maximal electric-field intensity, and placing the air defects to enclose these regions. As an illustration, they present a detailed design of air-core waveguides in a recently proposed silicon body-center-cubic crystal structure that possesses a 25% complete band gap.
Adrenal Size Is Increased in Multiple Sclerosis (1994)

The increased adrenal size in patients with MS may allow excessive glucocorticoid secretion in response to stress and affect immune regulation.
Effect of DPC4 Gene on Invasion and Metastasis of Colorectal Carcinoma Cells (2006)

To investigate the effect of DPC4 gene on invasion and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma cells,the expression of DPC4 was detected in sixty-three samples of colorectal tumors and seven cases of colorectal mucosa.The biological behavior of tumors expressing DPC4 was evaluated (including tumor staging,differentiation degree and metastasis).pcDNA3.1-DPC4 plasmid was constructed and transferred into HCT116 cells not expressing DPC4.The cell models (DPC4~+-HCT116) steadily expressing DPC4 were obtained.Compared with HCT116 and pcDNA3.1-HCT116 cells,the doubling time of DPC4~+-HCT116 cells was lengthened obviously (P0.01),the apoptosis rate of DPC4~+-HCT 116 cells was significantly increased (P0.01),the cloning efficiency,cell adherency,migration and invasion ability of DPC4~+-HCT116 cells were dropped obviously (P0.01).The number of cancer nodules was decreased significantly in abdominal cavity and liver of the nude mice inoculated with DPC4~+-HCT116 cells.The activity of MMP-9 and MMP-2 was detected by gelatin zymography.In comparison with HCT116 and pcDNA3.1-HCT116 cells,the activity of MMP-9 was decreased in DPC4~+-HCT116 cells.Therefore,the down-regulation of DPC4 expression may be associated with the carcinogenesis of colorectal carcinoma.DPC4 may inhibit the proliferation of colon cancer cell by restraining growth and inducing apoptosis,and the invasion and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma cells.MMP-9 may be one of the downstream target genes regulated by DPC4.