gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Different Patterns of Mast Cells Distinguish Diffuse from Encapsulated Neurofibromas in Patients with Neurofibromatosis 1 (2011)

Multiple neurofibromas are cardinal features of neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1). Several different types of NF1-associated neurofibromas occur, each distinct in terms of pathological details, clinical presentation, and natural history. Mast cells are present in most neurofibromas and have been shown to be critical to the origin and progression of neurofibromas in both human NF1 and relevant mouse models. In this investigation, the authors determined whether mast cell involvement is the same for all types of NF1-associated neurofibromas. They examined the density and distribution of mast cells within 49 NF1-associated neurofibromas classified histopathologically as diffuse or encapsulated on the basis of the presence or absence of the perineurium or its constituent cells. They made two observations: (1) Diffuse neurofibromas had significantly higher densities of mast cells than did encapsulated neurofibromas, and (2) mast cells were evenly distributed throughout diffuse neurofibromas but were primarily restricted to the periphery of encapsulated neurofibromas. The differences in mast cell density and distribution differentiate the two basic types of NF1-associated neurofibromas, suggesting that the pathogenesis of diffuse and encapsulated neurofibromas may be significantly different.
Designing an electrode for EDM (2014)

This thesis is about designing an electrode for an Electric Discharge Machine. EDM is one of the most used methods for machining. It is a process of eroding material from the work piece with the help of series of sparks to bring out the desired shape. It is very useful for machining hard metals. There are various kinds of EMD, like, Wire EDM, electrode EDM. This thesis is based on Electrode EDM. Graphite is one of the most suitable materials for electrode in use. It will be shaped on Arcada’s logo for it shall be used to produce a sensor key for Arcada University of Applied Sciences. The process starts with a design in Solid Edge. Then MasterCAM is used to create a tool path so that CNC machine will produce electrode for EDM. This electrode will be used to carve a mould for injection moulding machine available in Arcada’s Lab.
Operations on Quadtree Encoded Images (1983)

A quadtree is a form of picture encoding which is compact and easily handled. It is based on a description of the recursive subdivision of those parts of the image where there is detail until some desired resolution is reached. This paper proposes a method of storing quadtrees and operating on images by manipulating their quadtree encodings.
The role of basement membrane in colorectal cancer invasion and liver metastasis (1994)

BM is a functional substance that appears to accompany cancer rather than function as a structural barrier against cancer invasion and liver metastasis.
Intraocular pressure measurements throughout the 24 h (2009)

Antiglaucoma therapies differ in their ability to lower IOP throughout the 24 h day. The 24 h IOP pattern is independent of central corneal thickness, corneal hysteresis and corneal resistance factor.
Mutagenicity and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons analysis of airborne particulate matters from Taipei City. (1988)

The mutagenic activity of dichloromethane extracts of 147 air particulate samples collected from 8 stations during December 1986-June 1987 in Taipei city was consistently higher in S. typhimurium strain TA 98 than in strain TA 100 in the presence of S9 mixture. Among the 8 stations, Nan Kang Police Station, Fu Hsing Elementary School, and Chung Hsing University which were located in the industrial district, downtown area, and heavy traffic zone, respectively, had significantly higher levels of PAHs than the other stations. In contrast, the levels of PAHs were much lower in the suburban station, near Pei Tou Elementary School. However, PAH contents of the air particulate samples collected from these stations did not show good correlation with their mutagenicity. The air particulates collected at some stations on Sunday when the traffic changed from heavy to light showed lower mutagenicity and PAH contents as compared with the other weekdays at the same stations. On the contrary, the samples collected at Pei Tou station in a suburban area where the traffic changed from light to heavy on Sunday showed higher mutagenicity and PAH contents. The monthly average of PAHs of air particulate samples collected over a 7-month period from 8 stations in Taipei city was lower than the average in 1980. Moreover, when compared with other countries, such as U.S.A., the Netherlands, West Germany, Italy, Norway, and Japan, the levels of PAHs and mutagenicity of air particulate matters in Taipei city were similar or slightly lower. The mutagenicity and contents of PAHs of air particulates collected from burnt ABS were significantly higher than those of burnt PVC. One sample PT-6-3 was collected while a nearby garbage collection area was on fire. The mutagenicity of that sample increased 3 to 16 fold and contained an 11 to 33 times higher content of the six PAHs (BaP, BeP, BbF, BaA, Chr, and DbA) as compared with the other samples collected at the same location at a different time. The higher mutagenicity and PAH contents of that sample might be due to the pollution of the air from combustion of the garbage containing products made of ABS.
Effects of Feeding an Infant Formula Containing Lactobacillus GG on the Colonization of the Intestine (2005)

A 2-week oral administration of 10 to 10 cfu/day LGG was well tolerated; all levels successfully colonized the intestinal tract of healthy, term infants.
Approximating the statistical distribution of color histogram for content-based image retrieval (2002)

With the rapid development of multimedia technologies, the problem of how to retrieve a specified image from a large amount of image databases becomes an important issue. We propose a new method by approximating the statistical distribution of color histogram for image indexing and comparison. It becomes simple to compute the distance measure of two images by the proposed method. Also, our proposed method tolerates the generally considered problems when retrieving images such as transition, scaling and rotation. The represented features of the approximated distribution of the color histogram can also be used as the indices for the image database. Experimental results show that our proposed method is quite effective not only for the performance but also better results for image indexing and retrieval.
The Role of Epstein-Barr Virus in Neoplastic Transformation (2001)

In this review, we focus on new data from basic, translational and clinical research relating to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Beside its well-known tropism for B lymphocytes and epithelial cells, EBV also infects T lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes. After primary infection, EBV persists throughout the life span in resting memory B cells, from where it is reactivated upon breakdown of cellular immunity. In the process of neoplastic transformation, the EBV-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) oncogene represents the major driving force. LMP1 acts like a constitutively activated receptor of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family and allows the amplification or bypassing of physiological regulatory signals through direct and indirect interactions with proteins of the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) family. TRAF2-mediated NF-kappaB activation, AP-1 induction and JAK3/STAT activation may result in sustained proliferation leading to lymphoma. The ability of LMP1 to suppress germinal center formation and its capacity to mediate its own transcriptional activation shed new light on the pathogenesis of EBV-associated latency type II lymphoproliferations like Hodgkin's disease and angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. The carboxy terminus of LMP1 is also a reliable marker for individual EBV strain identification and thus offers new possibilities in tracing the molecular events leading to posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs). Cytotoxic T lymphocytes directed against well-characterized epitopes of EBV latency genes represent an already successful and promising therapeutic approach to EBV-associated lymphomas, in particular PTLDs.
Growth‐Induced Anisotropy in Bubble Garnet Films Containing Calcium (1976)

The growth‐induced anisotropy, Ku measured on (111) LPE films of Eu3−xCaxSix Fe5−xO12 grown on Sm3Ga5O12 substrates is large and positive (Ku = 4.0 to 8.1×104 ergs/cm3 for x = 0.5). Many experiments have shown that Ku in Eu3−xYxFe5−yGayO12 films is also positive. In films of compositions (YSmCa)3 (GeFe)5O12, the effects of Ca and of Y on the growth‐induced anisotropy are the same in sign and similar in magnitude. Since Ca2+ is larger in ionic radius than Eu3+ or Sm3+, whereas Y3+ is smaller, the simple site selectivity model of growth‐induced anisotropy would predict opposite signs of Ku for the Ca and Y additions. This contradiction shows that ionic radius is not the only relevant parameter which determines growth‐induced anisotropy in garnets, although size differences have been shown to account for the observed effects within the rare earth series. The charge difference between the Ca2+ ions and the rare earth ions, or the pairing of Ca2+ and Ge4+ or Si4+ ions during crystal growth may influence the site preference of the Ca ions and the resulting anisotropy. The growth‐induced anisotropy of the Eu2.5Ca0.5Si0.5Fe4.5O12 film, grown at 835°C at a rate of 2 μm/min, annealed out after several hours at 900°C in oxygen. This temperature is much lower than the usual annealing temperatures of 1200°C to 1300°C in O2 which are required to reduce Ku in other bubble garnets. This is attributed to a high concentration of defects due to an imbalance in the Ca‐Si concentrations in films grown at low temperatures and large growth rates.
A generic genetic algorithm for generating beam weights (1996)

A genetic algorithm for generating beam weights is described. The algorithm improves an objective measure of the dose distribution while respecting dose volume constraints placed on critical structures. The algorithm was used to select beam weights for treatment of abdominal tumors. Weights were selected for up to 36 beams. Dose volume limits were placed on normal organs and a dose inhomogeneity limit was placed on tumor. Volumes were represented as sets of several hundred discrete points. The algorithm searched for the beam weights that would make the minimum tumor dose as high as the constraints would allow. The results were checked using dose volume histograms with standard sized grids. Nineteen trials were created using six patient cases by changing the required field margin or allowed beam position in each case. The sampling of points was sufficiently dense to yield solutions that strictly satisfied the constraints when the prescribed dose was renormalized by a factor of less than 6%. The genetic algorithm supplied solutions in 49 min on average, and in a maximum time of 87 min. The randomized search does not guarantee optimality, but high tumor doses were obtained. An example is shown for which the solution of the genetic algorithm gave a minimum tumor dose 7 Gy higher than the solution given by a simulated annealing algorithm under the same set of constraints. The genetic algorithm can be generalized to admit nonlinear functions of the beam intensities in the objective or in the constraints. These can include tumor control and normal tissue complication probabilities. The genetic algorithm is an attractive procedure for assigning beam weights in multifield plans. It improves the dose distribution while respecting specified rules for tissue tolerance.
Preparation and in vitro characterization of chitosan nanoparticles containing Mesobuthus eupeus scorpion venom as an antigen delivery system (2012)

Hydrophilic nanoparticles have been widely investigated in recent years as delivery systems for therapeutic macromolecules such as antigens. In the present study Mesobuthus eupeus venom-loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared via ionic gelation of tripolyphosphate (TPP) and chitosan. The optimum encapsulation efficiency (91.1%) and loading capacity (76.3%) were obtained by a chitosan concentration of 2 mg/mL, chitosan-to-TPP mass ratio of 2 and M. eupeus venom concentration of 500 µg/mL. The average nanoparticle size at optimum conditions was determined by Zetasizer (Malvern Instruments, UK). The nanoparticle size was about 370 nm (polydispersity index: 0.429) while the zeta potential was positive. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) imaging showed a spherical, smooth and almost homogenous structure for nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed tripolyphosphoric groups of TPP linked with ammonium groups of chitosan in the nanoparticles. The in vitro release of nanoparticles showed an initial burst release of approximately 60% in the first ten hours, followed by a slow and much reduced additional release for about 60 hours. It is suggested that the chitosan nanoparticles fabricated in our study may provide a suitable alternative to traditional adjuvant systems.
SIBYL: a tool for managing group design rationale (1990)

We describe SIBYL, a system that supports group decision making by representing and managing the qualitative aspects of decision making processes: such as the alternatives, the goals to be satisfied, and the arguments evaluating the alternatives with respect to these goals. We use an example session with SIBYL to illustrate the language, called DRL, that SIBYL uses for representing these qualitative aspects, and the set of services that SIBYL provides using this language. We also compare SIBYL to other systems with similar objectives and discuss the additional benefits that SIBYL provides. In particular, we compare SIBYL to gIBIS, a well-known “tool for exploratory policy discussion”, and claim that SIBYL is mainly a knowledge-based system which uses a semi-formal representation, whereas gIBIS is mainly a hypertext system with semantic types. We conclude with a design heuristic, drawn from our experience with SIBYL, for systems whose goal includes eliciting knowledge from people.
UV-induced NF-κB activation and expression of IL-6 is attenuated by (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in cultured human keratinocytes in vitro (2005)

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is widely considered as a major cause of human skin photoaging and skin cancer. UV radiation-induced proinflammatory cytokines mediated by NF-kappaB reportedly play important roles in photoaging and cancer. NF-kappaB and cytokines have been thus perceived as molecular targets for pharmacological intervention. With an increasing amount of knowledge of the actions of green tea extracts at cellular and molecular levels, the beneficial effect of drinking green tea has become well recognized if not completely accepted. The components in green tea have even been added to skin-care products unregulated, while the molecular mechanisms of the actions of those components on human skin are being unraveled. Using cultured human keratinocytes, we investigated the effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major polyphenolic constituent in green tea, on UV-induced activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB and proinflammatory pathway by measuring nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB and IL-6 secretion in vitro. Immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis and ELISA indicated that both nuclear p65 and secreted IL-6 were significantly (p<0.05) induced by UVB (20, 30 mJ/cm2) and UVA irradiation (10, 20 J/cm2). NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and IL-6 secretion induced by UVB and UVA were dramatically inhibited by treatment of EGCG. FACS analysis showed that EGCG also inhibited UVB-induced apoptosis. EGCG recovered UV-induced loss of anti-apoptotic component, bcl-2, and inhibited UV-induced apoptotic component, Fas ligand, expression. Collectively, we conclude that EGCG inhibits UVB- and UVA-induced proinflammatory pathway and inhibits apoptosis in cultured human keratinocytes in vitro. Our data suggest that EGCG be added to cosmetic or skin-care products for prevention from UV-induced skin photoaging if this activity can be further confirmed and no cytotoxicity is reported in human skin in vivo.
An Efficient Synthesis of an α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> Antagonist (2004)

A practical preparation of an alpha(v)beta(3) antagonist is reported. The antagonist consists of three key components, a tetrahydronaphthyridine moiety, a beta-alanine moiety, and a central imidazolidone moiety. The tetrahydronaphthyridine component was prepared using two different methods, both of which relied on variations of the Friedländer reaction to establish the desired regiochemistry. The beta-alanine component was prepared using Davies' asymmetric 1,4-addition methodology as the key stereo-defining step. The central imidazolidone portion was created from these two components using an effective three-step cyclization protocol. Thus, a highly convergent process for the drug candidate was defined.
Real-Time Course of Action Analysis (2006)

The military planning process, which involves a series of complex decisions in an uncertain environment, is highly manpower intensive and is carried out continuously throughout a campaign. Plans and strategies, which result in courses of action (COAs), are evaluated to determine the necessary steps to meet the overall strategic objectives. Currently, COAs are evaluated by two techniques. One technique involves teams of individuals playing both sides of a campaign, while trying to predict the outcome based on each others actions. This technique is manpower intensive, and cannot be maintained at the speed of current operations. The second technique involves automated wargaming technologies. Automated techniques are faster; however, they are performed against a scripted adversary and focus on attrition based modeling. They are incapable of assessing effects and their contribution to the overall mission objectives, which is inherent in effects based operations (EBO). The focus of this research is to develop technologies to assist decision makers in assessing friendly effects-based COAs against an operational-level adversarial environment, faster than real-time.
Multicarrier synchronization with diversity (2002)

Recently multicarrier communications (MC), eg, OFDM systems, have received a lot of interest. Multicarrier schemes increase the efficiency and capacity of wireless networks, but are very sensitive to carrier frequency synchronization errors. We explore a framework to exploit temporal and spatial diversities to improve the performance of such schemes in the downlink or uplink by enhancing synchronization. The estimator developed here does not depend on the presence of repeated known symbols or pilot tones. Diversity modes are accessed via a common notation and this allows us to conveniently generalize to temporal or spatial diversity reception schemes. The acquisition limit of the proposed algorithm is not limited to half a subcarrier spacing as is the case with many other blind algorithms. Performance of the algorithm is carried out with simulation studies and a summary of our findings for temporal and spatial diversity are reported.
Penalty-free propagation over 600 km of non-dispersion-shifted fiber at 2.5 Gb/s using a directly laser modulated transmitter (2003)

Summary form only given. Long-haul DWDM systems require compact, low-chirp, transmitters with stabilized frequency. External modulation transmitters are expensive and require additional optics for wavelength stabilization. Directly modulated external-cavity fiber-grating lasers have frequency stability, but are limited to a penalty free propagation distance of /spl sim/117 km in non-dispersion-shifted (NDS) fiber at 2.5 Gb/s. We use a fiber-grating high-pass filter after a DFB laser transmitter and demonstrate propagation over 600 km of NDS fiber at 2.5 Gb/s with <1 GHz wavelength stability. To the best of our knowledge, this is the longest propagation distance at 2.5 Gb/s in NDS fiber using direct modulation.
Regulation of the heat stress response in <i>Arabidopsis</i> by MPK6-targeted phosphorylation of the heat stress factor HsfA2 (2013)

So far little is known on the functional role of phosphorylation in the heat stress response of plants. Here we present evidence that heat stress activates the Arabidopsis mitogen-activated protein kinase MPK6. In vitro and in vivo evidence is provided that MPK6 specifically targets the major heat stress transcription factor HsfA2. Activation of MPK6 results in complex formation with HsfA2. MPK6 phosphorylates HsfA2 on T249 and changes its intracellular localisation. Protein kinase and phosphatase inhibitor studies indicate that HsfA2 protein stability is regulated in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, but this mechanism is independent of MPK6. Overall, our data show that heat stress-induced targeting of HsfA2 by MPK6 participates in the complex regulatory mechanism how plants respond to heat stress.
Effect of 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine, Ovariectomy and Gonadal Steroids on Serotonin Receptor Binding in Rat Brain (1994)

Quantitative autoradiography was used to assess alterations in serotonin (5-HT) receptor binding in the hypothalamus and hippocampus following denervation with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT), ovariectomy (OVX) and gonadal steroid manipulation. Seven days after 5,7-DHT injection, 5-HT1a receptor density was significantly increased in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN) of intact but not OVX female rats. Under these conditions 5-HT1b receptor density was unchanged in any brain region examined and 5-HT transporter binding was decreased in all 5,7-DHT injected animals. In addition, there was a significant interaction between OVX and 5,7-DHT for both the 5-HT1a receptor and the 5-HT transporter in the VMN, such that OVX inhibited the 5,7-DHT-induced increase in 5-HT1a receptors and attenuated the 5,7-DHT-induced decrease in 5-HT transporter binding. In a separate experiment the effect of gonadal steroid manipulation on 5-HT receptor binding was assessed. In female OVX rats, 5-HT1a receptor density was unchanged by estrogen or estrogen and progesterone administration. In male rats, castration significantly decreased 5-HT1a receptor density in the medial preoptic area. Estrogen and progesterone administration to female OVX rats increased the density of 5-HT1b receptors in the VMN, as compared to estrogen alone. The relationship of these results to the role of 5-HT in mediating lordosis behavior is discussed.
The Configuration of 5-Hydroxypipecolic Acid from Dates (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Configuration of 5-Hydroxypipecolic Acid from DatesBernhard Witkop and Calvin M. FoltzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 1, 192–197Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01558a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01558a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views287Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts