gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CREAM: combined register and module assignment with floorplanning for low power datapath synthesis (2002)

This paper proposes a new technique for power optimization during high level synthesis. Specifically, we present a floorplan based combined register and module assignment algorithm, CREAM, for synthesizing low power datapath circuits. The algorithm accepts a scheduled data flow graph and assigns operations to functional units and variables to registers. The operations which have common inputs and are capable of reducing power by mapping to the same functional unit are identified. Further, variables are assigned to registers in such a manner that the unwanted or spurious computations are minimized. During variable assignment, that particular register is selected (based on the floor plan) which has a smaller interconnect length between itself and the functional unit. This optimizes the interconnect power. CREAM has been applied to some high level synthesis benchmarks and the results obtained indicate that power savings up to 43% with an area increase of up to 5.0% can be achieved.
Membrane traffic between secretory compartments is differentially affected during mitosis. (1990)

Membrane traffic has been shown to be regulated during cell division. In particular, with the use of viral membrane proteins as markers, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi transport in mitotic cells has been shown to be essentially blocked. However, the effect of mitosis on other steps in the secretory pathway is less clear, because an early block makes examination of following steps difficult. Here, we report studies on the functional characteristics of secretory pathways in mitotic mammalian tissue culture cells by the use of a variety of markers. Chinese hamster ovary cells were transfected with cDNAs encoding secretory proteins. Consistent with earlier results following viral membrane proteins, we found that the overall secretory pathway is nonfunctional in mitotic cells, and a major block to secretion is at the step between ER and Golgi: the overall rate of secretion of human growth hormone is reduced at least 10-fold in mitotic cells, and export of truncated vesicular stomatitis virus G protein from the ER is inhibited to about the same extent, as judged by acquisition of endoglycosidase H resistance. To ascertain the integrity of transport from the trans-Golgi to plasma membrane, we followed the secretion of sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains, which are synthesized in the Golgi and thus are not subject to the earlier ER-to-Golgi block. GAG chains are valid markers for the pathway taken by constitutive secretory proteins; both protein secretion and GAG chain secretion are sensitive to treatment with n-ethyl-maleimide and monensin and are blocked at 19 degrees C. We found that the extent of GAG-chain secretion is not altered during mitosis, although the initial rate of secretion is reduced about twofold in mitotic compared with interphase cells. Thus, during mitosis, transport from the trans-Golgi to plasma membrane is much less hindered than ER-to-Golgi traffic. We conclude that transport steps are not affected to the same extent during mitosis.
Oxidants induce phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6. (1988)

We have investigated the phosphorylation of the ribosomal S6 protein which may be on the pathway of mitogenic stimulation in response to oxidants. Mouse epidermal cells JB6 (clone 41) were exposed to active oxygen generated extracellularly by glucose/glucose oxidase (producing H2O2) or xanthine oxidase (producing H2O2 plus superoxide) or active oxygen produced intracellularly by the metabolism of menadione (producing mostly superoxide). All three sources of active oxygen induced rapidly a protein kinase activity which phosphorylated S6 in cellular extracts prepared in the presence of the phosphatase inhibitor beta-glycerophosphate. Maximal activity was reached within 15 min of exposure, and phosphorylation occurred specifically at serine residues. Strong activation of the protein kinase activity was also observed by diamide which selectively oxidizes SH functions. The following observations characterize the reaction: 1) Extracellular addition of catalase but not Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase was inhibitory, implicating H2O2 rather than superoxide as the active species. 2) Exposure of JB6 cells to reagent H2O2 or H2O2 released by glucose/glucose oxidase resulted in a measurable increase in intracellular free Ca2+. 3) The intracellular Ca2+ complexer quin 2 suppressed the reaction. 4) The calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine prevented the activation of the protein kinase. 5) Exposure of cells to Mn2+ and La3+, which stimulate calmodulin-dependent activities, potently increased the S6 kinase activity of the cell extracts. 6) Desalted extracts strictly required the addition of Mg2+ and their activity was inhibited by Mn2+. In contrast, the phosphorylation of a 95-kDa protein was strongly stimulated by Mn2+. 7) For several agonists, i.e. active oxygen, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, and serum, tryptic peptide analysis yielded the same phosphopeptides, suggesting that a common S6 kinase is involved in these reactions. From these data we propose that oxidants induce an increase in intracellular free Ca2+ which activates a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase and, as a consequence, an S6 kinase.
Hysteretic, high <i>T</i> <i>c</i> Josephson junctions using heterostructure trilayer films grown by molecular beam epitaxy (1992)

Hysteretic Josephson junctions have been fabricated by growing c-axis oriented trilayer Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8/Bi2Sr2(Ca,Bi, Sr)7Cu8O20/Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 single-crystal thin films and patterning them into devices. To our knowledge, these are the first cuprate superconductor junctions to exhibit current-voltage characteristics with substantial hysteresis. Current flow in the devices is in the vertical (c axis) direction, through an ultrathin (∼30 Å) barrier layer. The current-voltage response shows large, sharp Shapiro steps under microwave illumination.
Generation of Terahertz Radiation in Magnetic Junctions Based on Nanowires (2019)

A system of spin-injection emitters employing magnetic junctions based on an array of parallel nanodimensional wires has been studied. Manufacturing technology and possible variants of the nanowire structure are discussed. Conditions of the formation of a new type of spin-injection emitters of terahertz radiation on this basis are considered. The design of the experimental setup is described, and the results of experiments are analyzed. It is established that signals in a 16–18 THz range can be generated by passing high-density current through the proposed nanowire array.
Fabrication and Testing of a Doped Lanthanum Gallate Electrolyte Thin-Film Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (2002)

A supported lanthanum gallate (LSGM) electrolyte thin-film solid oxide fuel cell with Ni-YSZ cermet anode and strontium-doped lanthanum manganite (LSM)-yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) composite cathode was, for the first time, fabricated and tested. The cell was prepared by an unconventional approach, in which an LSGM thin film (about 15 mum thick) was first deposited on a porous substrate such as a porous YSZ disk by a wet process and sintered at a high temperature (above 1400degrees C). NiO was then incorporated into the porous substrate by a carefully controlled impregnation process and fired at a much lower temperature. In this way, the severe reaction between LSGM and NiO at a high temperature, which is required for the full densification of LSGM film, can be avoided. A strontium-doped LaMnO3 (LSM)-YSZ composite cathode was screen printed on the surface of the LSGM film and then fired at 1250degrees C. The electrolyte resistances of the SOFC single cells fabricated by this approach are much lower compared to those of thick LSGM film supported cells. A maximum output power density of over 0.85 W/cm(2) at 800degreesC with H-2 as fuel and air as oxidant for a fabricated cell was achieved. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society.
Disrupted expression of matrix genes in the growth plate of the mouse cartilage matrix deficiency (cmd) mutant (1998)

Chondrodysplasia in the autosomal recessive cartilage matrix deficiency (cmd) mutant is caused by lack of the proteoglycan aggrecan arising from a mutation in the gene. Homozygous cmd/cmd mice are characterized by disorganisation of chondrocytes in the growth plate, disproportionate dwarfism, cleft palate, and perinatal lethality. We have studied the impact of the aggrecan deficiency on the expression of other matrix genes during the differentiation of chondrocytes in the growth plate of cmd/cmd 18.5 day fetuses. Compared with the wild-type, there are significant differences in the growth plates of cmd mutants in the combinations of co-expression of genes encoding the glycoprotein link protein, proteoglycan syndecan 3, collagens alpha 1 (X) [Col10a1], alpha 2(XI) [Col11a2], and the alternative transcripts of alpha 1 (II) [Col2a1 type IIA form], and alpha 1 (IX) [Col9a1 long and short forms]. The discordance of gene expression in cmd chondrocytes may be additional factors contributing to the disrupted cellular architecture of the growth plate resulting from the primary absence of aggrecan.
MAP Kinase Signaling Specificity (2002)

Mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are components of signaling pathways that control how cells respond to their environment. There are many different MAPKs and to keep pathways distinct, particular MAPKs must bind their ligands with high specificity. In their Perspective,
 Weston
 et al .
 discuss the structural basis for the signaling specificity of MAPKs.
Candidate reference methods for hemoglobin A1c based on peptide mapping (1997)

A reference method that specifically measures hemoglobin (Hb) A1c is an essential part of the reference system for the international standardization of Hb A1c/glycohemoglobin. We have developed a new method for quantification, based on the specific N-terminal residue of the hemoglobin beta-chains. Enzymatic cleavage of the intact hemoglobin molecule with endoproteinase Glu-C has been optimized to obtain the beta-N-terminal hexapeptides of Hb A1c and Hb A0. These peptides have been separated by reversed-phase HPLC and quantitated by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (method A) or by capillary electrophoresis (method B). With these peptides and hyphenated separation techniques, it has been possible to overcome the insufficient resolution of currently used protein separation systems for Hb A1c.
Analysis of microcavity VCSEL lasing modes using a full-vector weighted index method (1998)

Presents a semi-analytic full-vector method for calculating the spatial profile, optical confinement factor resonant frequency, absorption loss, and mirror loss of lasing modes in cylindrically symmetric microcavity vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL's). It can be shown that this method gives the best separable approximation for the electric and magnetic vector potentials. Our technique can model the entire VCSEL structure and can treat complex media. We apply the method to etched-post and oxide-apertured VCSEL's designed for 980-nm emission and find a blueshift in cavity resonance as the cavity radius shrinks. We also find a minimum optical cavity radius below which radially bound lasing modes cannot be supported. This radius depends on the device geometry and lies between 0.5 and 1 /spl mu/m for the devices studied. Once this model is augmented to include diffraction losses-the dominant loss mechanism for conventional small aperture lasers-it will provide a complete picture of lasing eigenmodes in microcavity VCSEL's.
Beyond Movie Recommendations: Solving the Continuous Cold Start Problem in E-commerce Recommendations (2016)

Many e-commerce websites use recommender systems or personalized rankers to personalize search results based on their previous interactions. However, a large fraction of users has no prior inter-actions, making it impossible to use collaborative filtering or rely on user history for personalization. Even the most active users mayvisit only a few times a year and may have volatile needs or different personas, making their personal history a sparse and noisy signal at best. This paper investigates how, when we cannot rely on the user history, the large scale availability of other user interactions still allows us to build meaningful profiles from the contextual data and whether such contextual profiles are useful to customize the ranking, exemplified by data from a major online travel agentBooking.com.Our main findings are threefold: First, we characterize the Continuous Cold Start Problem(CoCoS) from the viewpoint of typical e-commerce applications. Second, as explicit situational con-text is not available in typical real world applications, implicit cues from transaction logs used at scale can capture essential features of situational context. Third, contextual user profiles can be created offline, resulting in a set of smaller models compared to a single huge non-contextual model, making contextual ranking available with negligible CPU and memory footprint. Finally we conclude that, in an online A/B test on live users, our contextual ranker in-creased user engagement substantially over a non-contextual base-line, with click-through-rate (CTR) increased by 20%. This clearly demonstrates the value of contextual user profiles in a real world application.
Evaluation of in Vitro Reporter Gene Induction Assays for Use in a Rapid Prescreen for Compound Selection to Test Specificity in the Tg.AC Mouse Short-Term Carcinogenicity Assay (2000)

Under ICH guidelines, short-term carcinogenicity assays such as the Tg.AC assay are allowed alternatives for one species in the 2-year rodent bioassay. The Tg.AC transgenic mouse, which carries the v-Ha-ras oncogene under control of the zeta-globin promoter, develops skin papillomas in response to dermal application of carcinogens and tumor promoters. The appropriate specificity of the Tg.AC model for testing pharmaceuticals has not been systematically evaluated. The selection of candidate test compounds among noncarcinogenic pharmaceuticals would be aided by a high-throughput in vitro prescreen correlative of activity in the in vivo Tg.AC assay. Here we describe the development of a prescreen based on correct response to 24 compounds tested previously in Tg.AC mice. The in vitro prescreens, chosen to reflect molecular pathways possibly involved in Tg.AC papilloma formation, consisted of a zeta-globin promoter-luciferase construct stably expressed in K562 cells (Zeta-Luc) and three of the stress-response element-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) fusion constructs stably expressed in HepG2 cells that are part of the CAT-Tox (L)iver assay. The stress response elements chosen were the c-fos promoter, the gadd153 promoter, and p53 response element repeats. Of the four assays, the gadd153-CAT assay showed the strongest concordance with activity in the Tg.AC assay, correctly classifying 78% of Tg.AC positive and 83% of Tg.AC negative compounds. The correlation was further improved by adding the Zeta-Luc assay as a second-stage screen. These cell-based assays will be used in a novel approach to selecting candidate compounds that challenge the specificity of the Tg.AC assay toward pharmaceuticals.
Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions of Protons in Host Metals at Picometre Distance (2000)

A review is given for the explanation of the measurements of Miley et al. of a fully reproducible generation of nuclei of the whole periodic table by protons in host metals during a several-weeks reaction. Similar low-energy nuclear reactions (LENR) were observed by other groups. The fact that the heavy nuclides are not due to pollution can be seen from the fact that such very rare elements as thulium and terbium were detected by unique K-shell X-ray spectra. The nuclear reaction energy goes into the heavy nuclei as measured from much bigger traces in CR39 than from alphas. The fact that any reaction of the protons results in stable daughter nuclei is confirmed by the fact that the highest energy gain is resulting with stable reaction products. This has been explained in Ref. 2, and the energy gain for the heavy element generation by a compound reaction was discussed. The explanation is based on the model of the authors from 1989 to assume free motion of the protons contrary to localized crystalline states. A relation of the reaction time U on distance d of the reacting nuclei by a power law with an exponent 34.8 was derived. Based on fewmore » reproducible D-D reactions, a reaction time near the range of megaseconds and a reaction distance of nanometers was concluded. A splendid confirmation of the picometre-megasecond reactions was achieved by Li et al. from his direct quantum mechanical calculations of the hot fusion D-T reactions based on a one-step selective resonance tunneling model. Li et al. were able for the first time to derive the cross sections of the hot fusion. Li's application to picometre distance showed megasecond reaction times with no neutron or gamma emission. Because of the imaginary part in the Schroedinger potential, the problem of the level width is reduced by damping.« less
Nonlinear Discriminant Analysis Using Kernel Functions and the Generalized Singular Value Decomposition (2005)

Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) has been widely used for linear dimension reduction. However, LDA has limitations in that one of the scatter matrices is required to be nonsingular and the nonlinearly clustered structure is not easily captured. In order to overcome the problems caused by the singularity of the scatter matrices, a generalization of LDA based on the generalized singular value decomposition (GSVD) was recently developed. In this paper, we propose a nonlinear discriminant analysis based on the kernel method and the GSVD. The GSVD is applied to solve the generalized eigenvalue problem which is formulated in the feature space defined by a nonlinear mapping through kernel functions. Our GSVD-based kernel discriminant analysis is theoretically compared with other kernel-based nonlinear discriminant analysis algorithms. The experimental results show that our method is an effective nonlinear dimension reduction method.
[Evaluation of serum sialic acid concentration in chronic renal failure children on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis]. (2000)

In various pathological conditions elevated serum sialic acid level, as the result of increased metabolism of glycoproteins and glycolipids, is observed. The study aimed at the evaluation of sialic acid concentration in serum of children on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and maintenance haemodialysis (HD). Examination was performed in 27 end-stage renal disease (ESRD) children including 11 on CAPD, 16 on HD treatment. Ten healthy children served as the control group (K). In CAPD group assessment was carried out during the routine monthly check up, in HD group--before (HD-1) and after (HD-2) dialysis session. Sialic acid concentration was determined using method of Shamberger. In CAPD children we obtained significantly increased serum sialic acid concentration comparing to controls and HD children. Increased serum sialic acid concentration was also found in HD children comparing to controls. There was no significant difference between the sialic acid concentrations before and after dialysis session. Analysis of correlation revealed positive correlation of sialic acid concentration with haemoglobin concentration and hematocrit in CAPD group. In children on HD treatment we showed positive correlation of sialic acid level with renal replacement therapy duration and creatinine concentration after HD. Elevated serum sialic acid concentration in dialysed children could be the result of non-specific organism response, characterised by tissue and organ damage, towards the materials of extracorporeal circulation (HD) or the presence of dialysis solution in peritoneal cavity (CAPD).
Antiplasticization and abrasion resistance of polycarbonates in the charge-transport layer of an organic photoconductor (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntiplasticization and abrasion resistance of polycarbonates in the charge-transport layer of an organic photoconductorR. E. Cais, M. Nozomi, M. Kawai, and A. MiyakeCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 18, 4588–4596Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00044a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00044a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views234Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mapping of nidogen binding sites for collagen type IV, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, and zinc (1993)

Recombinant nidogen fragments comprising the globular domains G1 plus G2, the rod-like domain, and the rod connected to the globe G3 were prepared from the culture media of transfected human cell clones. In addition, domains G1 and G2 were separated from each other after cleavage with chymotrypsin. The purified fragments were characterized by N-terminal sequences, electrophoresis, electron microscopy, and radioimmunoassays and the cell clones by Northern hybridization. Transfection with a construct comprising a large part of domain G3 showed high mRNA levels but no secreted protein, indicating a protein folding problem. All these fragments were used as soluble and/or immobilized ligands in binding assays. This demonstrated major binding sites on domain G2 for collagen IV and heparan sulfate proteoglycan. Affinity chromatography on zinc- and cobalt-loaded columns showed binding of domains G2 and G3 and the rod. Protein binding, but not metal binding, was abolished by reduction and alkylation of nidogen. This allowed for the isolation of several zinc-binding tryptic peptides, four from G2, two from the rod, and one from the G3 domain. Most of these short peptides contained several histidines that are likely to mediate binding. Zinc inhibited efficiently G3-mediated nidogen binding to laminin at 4 degrees C (IC50 approximately 5 microM) but less at higher temperatures. Similarly, zinc inhibited binding to collagen IV and proteoglycan at low temperatures but not at high (37 degrees C) temperatures. This indicates a complex modulation of nidogen binding to other basement membrane proteins by some, but not all, transition metals. Whether the particularly striking effects shown for zinc are of biological relevance remains to be established.