gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diet and risk of gastric cancer. A population‐based case‐control study in Sweden (1993)

A case-control study to evaluate risk factors of gastric cancer was carried out in areas with contrasting incidence rates in Sweden. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 338 of 456 eligible histologically confirmed gastric-cancer cases and 669 of 880 eligible control subjects, sampled from population registers and frequency-matched by age and gender. We focused on 2 periods, adolescence and 20 years prior to interview. The association of gastric-cancer risk with dietary habits during adolescence were similar to that found for the period 20 years before interview; high consumption of wholemeal bread, fruit and vegetables was associated with reduced gastric-cancer risk. In addition, cheese, fish and tea had a protective effect during adolescence. Increased gastric-cancer risk was related to whole-milk consumption, but this association decreased substantially in a multivariate analysis including vegetables. There was a positive relationship between gastric-cancer risk and the age at which the interviewees started using refrigerators. This population-based study confirmed the protective effect of a high consumption of vegetables and fruit in the development of gastric cancer, but failed to find any association between intake of meat, sausage, cold cuts, liver, salt, coffee, the habit of frying, smoking or grilling foods, and risk of gastric cancer.
U.S. chemical industry backs free trade with Mexico (1991)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTU.S. chemical industry backs free trade with MexicoEARL V. ANDERSONView Author Information C&EN Northeast News BureauCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1991, 69, 9, 11–12Publication Date (Print):March 4, 1991Publication History Published online10 November 2010Published inissue 4 March 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v069n009.p011https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v069n009.p011newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1991 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views6Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Agriculture,Atmospheric chemistry,Industrial manufacturing Get e-Alerts
Restricted Diffusion of Dopamine in the Rat Dorsal Striatum (2013)

Recent evidence has shown that the dorsal striatum of the rat is arranged as a patchwork of domains that exhibit distinct dopamine kinetics and concentrations. This raises the pressing question of how these distinct domains are maintained, especially if dopamine is able to diffuse through the extracellular space. Diffusion between the domains would eliminate the concentration differences and, thereby, the domains themselves. The present study is a closer examination of dopamine's ability to diffuse in the extracellular space. We used voltammetry to record dopamine overflow in dorsal striatum while stimulating the medial forebrain bundle over a range of stimulus currents and frequencies. We also examined the effects of drugs that modulated the dopamine release (raclopride and quinpirole) and uptake (nomifensine). Examining the details of the temporal features of the evoked profiles reveals no clear evidence for long-distance diffusion of dopamine between fast and slow domains, even though uptake inhibition by nomifensine clearly prolongs the time that dopamine resides in the extracellular space. Our observations support the conclusion that striatal tissue has the capacity to retain dopamine molecules, thereby limiting its tendency to diffuse through the extracellular space.
Pancreatic cancer serum biomarker PC-594: Diagnostic performance and comparison to CA19-9 (2015)

PC-594 biomarker levels are significantly reduced in North American PaC patients, and showed superior diagnostic performance compared to CA19-9.
Role of Primate Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata in Reward-Oriented Saccadic Eye Movement (2002)

To test the hypothesis that the basal ganglia are related to reward-oriented saccades, we examined activity of substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) neurons by using a one-direction-rewarded version of the memory-guided saccade task (1DR). Many SNr neurons changed (decreased or increased) their activity after and before a visual cue (post-cue and pre-cue activity). Post-cue decreases or increases tended to be larger to a contralateral cue. They were often modulated prospectively by the presence or absence of reward, either positively (enhanced in the rewarded condition) or negatively (enhanced in the nonrewarded condition). The positive reward modulation was more common among decreasing type neurons, whereas no such preference was observed among increasing type neurons. The reward-contingent decrease in SNr neuronal activity would facilitate rewarded saccades by inducing disinhibition in superior colliculus (SC) neurons. In contrast, the increase in SNr activity would suppress a saccade less selectively (rewarded or nonrewarded) by augmenting inhibition of SC neurons. The post-cue activity was often preceded by anticipatory pre-cue activity. Most typically, post-cue decrease was preceded by pre-cue decrease, selectively when the contralateral side was rewarded. This would reinforce the reward-oriented nature of SNr neuronal activity. The decreases and increases in SNr activity may be derived directly and indirectly, respectively, from the caudate (CD), where neurons show reward-contingent pre-cue and post-cue activity. These results suggest that the CD-SNr-SC mechanism would promote saccades oriented to reward.
Exendin-4 Modulates Diabetes Onset in Nonobese Diabetic Mice (2007)

Activation of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is associated with expansion of beta-cell mass due to stimulation of cell proliferation and induction of antiapoptotic pathways coupled to beta-cell survival. Although the GLP-1R agonist Exenatide (exendin-4) is currently being evaluated in subjects with type 1 diabetes, there is little information available about the efficacy of GLP-1R activation for prevention of experimental type 1 diabetes. We examined the consequences of exendin-4 (Ex-4) administration (100 ng once daily and 2 microg twice daily) on diabetes onset in nonobese diabetic mice beginning at either 4 or 9 wk of age prior to the onset of diabetes. Ex-4 treatment for 26 wk (2 microg twice daily) initiated at 4 wk of age delayed the onset of diabetes (P = 0.007). Ex-4-treated mice also exhibited a significant reduction in insulitis scores, enhanced beta-cell mass, and improved glucose tolerance. Although GLP-1R mRNA transcripts were detected in spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes from nonobese diabetic mice, Ex-4 treatment was not associated with significant changes in the numbers of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells or B cells in the spleen. However, Ex-4 treatment resulted in an increase in the number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the lymph nodes and a reduction in the numbers of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the thymus but not in lymph nodes. These findings demonstrate that sustained GLP-1R activation in the absence of concomitant immune intervention may be associated with modest but significant delay in diabetes onset in a murine model of type 1 diabetes.
The Implications of Sortilin/Vps10p Domain Receptors in Neurological and Human Diseases (2014)

The neurotensin receptor-3 also known as sortilin is part of the new receptor family of vacuolar protein sorting 10 protein domain. Growing evidence show that the vacuolar protein sorting 10 protein domain family is implicated as a genetic risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, and Parkinson's disease, in addition to links associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, lysosomal disorders, cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. In fact, sortilin expression is elevated in many human cell lines controlling the trafficking and release of neurotrophins. Hence, not surprisingly the imbalance of neurotrophin signaling is implicated in several human diseases. The fine regulation of the growth factor, brain derived nerve factor by sortilin mediates both neuronal and tumor cell survival, whereas in Alzheimer's disease sortilin mediated beta secretase-1 trafficking increases the cleavage of the beta-amyloid precursor protein. Perturbation of the autocrine/paracrine loop of neurotrophins in combination with the cell surface interaction of sortilin with neurotensin receptor 1 or 2 or tyrosine kinase receptor A or B are dramatically upregulated in both neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. In cardiovascular diseases, the circulatory low-density lipoprotein is closely correlated with sortilin expression in hepatocytes. Herein, this review discusses the multifaceted role played by sortilin and its interacting partners in human disease which could be interesting novel target(s) in drug discovery. Nevertheless, completely challenging the function of sortilin could prove unfavorable given the important universal role of sortilin plays in the body. Hence, metabolism disorders could be relieved with specific targeted therapeutic challenge of sortilin function.
The Role of Sulfhydryl Reactivity of Small Molecules for the Activation of the KEAP1/NRF2 Pathway and the Heat Shock Response (2012)

The KEAP1/NRF2 pathway and the heat shock response are two essential cytoprotective mechanisms that allow adaptation and survival under conditions of oxidative, electrophilic, and thermal stress by regulating the expression of elaborate networks of genes with versatile protective functions. The two pathways are independently regulated by the transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2) and heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), respectively. The activity of these transcriptional master regulators increases during conditions of stress and also upon encounter of small molecules (inducers), both naturally occurring as well as synthetically produced. Inducers have a common chemical property: the ability to react with sulfhydryl groups. The protein targets of such sulfhydryl-reactive compounds are equipped with highly reactive cysteine residues, which serve as sensors for inducers. The initial cysteine-sensed signal is further relayed to affect the expression of large networks of genes, which in turn can ultimately influence complex cell fate decisions such as life and death. The paper summarizes the multiple lines of experimental evidence demonstrating that the reactivity with sulfhydryl groups is a major determinant of the mechanism of action of small molecule dual activators of the KEAP1/NRF2 pathway and the heat shock response.
Demonstration of microfluidics for synthesis of sol-gel feedstocks (2019)

This report details the design and processing conditions for producing hydrous cerium oxide surrogate microspheres using a microfluidics-based approach. Variables such as microfluidic chip design, exit tubing diameter, temperature, and flow rate continue to be investigated. A washing and drying procedure to remove gelation media, unreacted starting material, and unwanted reaction byproducts is under development. Samples are imaged and characterized for analysis.
A CRISPR with Roles in Myxococcus xanthus Development and Exopolysaccharide Production (2014)

The Gram-negative soil bacterium Myxococcus xanthus utilizes its social (S) gliding motility to move on surfaces during its vegetative and developmental cycles. It is known that S motility requires the type IV pilus (T4P) and the exopolysaccharide (EPS) to function. The T4P is the S motility motor, and it powers cell movement by retraction. As the key regulator of the S motor, EPS is proposed to be the anchor and trigger for T4P retraction. The production of EPS is regulated in turn by the T4P in M. xanthus, and T4P(-) mutants are S(-) and EPS(-). In this study, a ΔpilA strain (T4P(-) and EPS(-)) was mutagenized by a transposon and screened for EPS(+) mutants. A pilA suppressor isolated as such harbored an insertion in the 3rd clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR3) in M. xanthus. Evidence indicates that this transposon insertion, designated CRISPR3*, is a gain-of-function (GOF) mutation. Moreover, CRISPR3* eliminated developmental aggregation in both the wild-type and the pilA mutant backgrounds. Upstream of CRISPR3 are genes encoding the repeat-associated mysterious proteins (RAMPs). These RAMP genes are indispensable for CRISPR3* to affect development and EPS in M. xanthus. Analysis by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR suggested that CRISPR3* led to an increase in the processing of the RNA transcribed from CRISPR3. We propose that certain CRISPR3 transcripts, once expressed and processed, target genes critical for M. xanthus fruiting body development and EPS production in a RAMP-dependent manner.
Detection of IgA and IgM antibodies to HIV-1 in neonates by radioimmune western blotting. (1992)

Although the technique should be tested on more patients, radioimmune western blotting seems to be a valuable tool for serological diagnosis of congenital HIV-1 infection at birth in neonates born to seropositive mothers.
All-Hex Meshing of Multiple-Region Domains without Cleanup (2016)

In this paper, we present a new algorithm for all-hex meshing of domains with multiple regions without post-processing cleanup. Our method starts with a strongly balanced octree. In contrast to snapping the grid points onto the geometric boundaries, we move points a slight distance away from the common boundaries. Then we intersect the moved grid with the geometry. This allows us to avoid creating any flat angles, and we are able to handle two-sided regions and more complex topologies than prior methods. The algorithm is robust and cleanup-free; without the use of any pillowing, swapping, or smoothing. Thus, our simple algorithm is also more predictable than prior art.
On the Role of Liver X Receptors in Lipid Accumulation in Adipocytes (2003)

The pivotal role of liver X receptors (LXRs) in the metabolic conversion of cholesterol to bile acids in mice is well established. More recently, the LXRalpha promoter has been shown to be under tight regulation by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), implying a role for LXRalpha in mediating the interplay between cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism. We have studied the role of LXR in fat cells and demonstrate that LXR is regulated during adipogenesis and augments fat accumulation in mature adipocytes. LXRalpha expression in murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes as well as in human adipocytes was up-regulated in response to PPARgamma agonists. Administration of a PPARgamma agonist to obese Zucker rats also led to increased LXRalpha mRNA expression in adipose tissue in vivo. LXR agonist treatment of differentiating adipocytes led to increased lipid accumulation. An increase of the expression of the LXR target genes, sterol regulatory binding protein-1 and fatty acid synthase, was observed both in vivo and in vitro after treatment with LXR agonists for 24 h. Finally, we demonstrate that fat depots in LXRalpha/beta-deficient mice are smaller than in age-matched wild-type littermates. These findings imply a role for LXR in controlling lipid storage capacity in mature adipocytes and point to an intriguing physiological interplay between LXR and PPARgamma in controlling pathways in lipid handling.
Utilizing VIN for improved vehicular sensing (2016)

The wealth of sensor data generated by advanced vehicular sensors that are fitted in new, connected vehicles enables new applications for driver behavior, road health monitoring, and incident reporting. However, standard access mechanisms to the data restricts the services and insights that can be provided by vehicular applications. For those applications to have full access to all of the vehicular sensory data, custom hardware fitted with proprietary automaker software is needed to process raw sensor values. This limits rapid deployment at scale because of the time and costs needed for mass development across proprietary platforms. In this paper, we propose a system to provide access to the raw sensory data using the vehicle's identification number in order to retrieve the vehicles sensors identification numbers, their description, and their related software libraries that house the data processing algorithms specific to the vehicle's make and model. Smartphones can collect raw sensory data through the vehicle's CAN-Bus interface, and use those software libraries to transform raw data into standard formats that can be used by vehicular applications. This way, many applications can be developed without having to worry about customization of hardware to process the data produced by each automaker's sensor platforms.
Synthesis of diarylheptanoids and assessment of their pungency. (1983)

With the aim of correlating pungency with substituent groups on one benzene ring, various analogues of yakuchinones were synthesized by means of the Claisen-Schmidt reaction. Their pungencies were assessed by direct comparison of the threshold concentrations obtained in taste experiments. The presence of a phenolic hydroxyl group was indispensable for high pungency, while that of a 1, 2-double bond of the heptanone part tended to decrease the pungency.
New BPSK, BOC and MBOC Tracking Structures (2009)

Future GPS, Glonass, Compass and Galileo signals will
use basically five modulations: BPSK, BOC, CBOC,
TMBOC and AltBOC. This is the reason why future
precise and robust GNSS receivers have to implement
new tracking architecture compatible with all these
signals.

Most of the BPSK and BOC tracking architectures which
have been widely studied up to now rely on well-known
tracking techniques developed for BPSK modulations.

Prompt, early and late replicas of the baseband signal are
generated and correlated with the incoming signal.
Correlation products are then used to compute for
example noncoherent early-late processing (NELP) or
dot-product (DP) discriminators. Some new techniques
are focused on BOC tracking with subcarriers in phase
and in quadrature.

In this paper we present a different approach which
consists in a tracking structure appropriate for BPSK as
well as for BOC modulations. For this, prompt, early and
late replicas of code are multiplied by in-phase and
quadrature (I&Q) binary subcarrier replicas. The resulting
tracking structure consists in 6 local replicas which are
generated and then correlated with the incoming signal.
This tracking structure enables to perform precise and
robust measurement. For BOC modulations, the accuracy
is given by the subcarrier processing and the robustness
by the parallel code processing. This parallel code without
subcarrier processing is unambiguous and performed
continuously to detect any subacrrier cycle slip. Two
numerically controlled oscillators (NCO) are sufficient for
this technique.

In this paper impressive code tracking performances of
these new structures are presented based on analytical
expressions and simulations in time-domain that account
for additive white Gaussian noise and multi-paths.
Impact of Liquid/Vapor Maldistribution on the Performance of a Plate Heat Exchanger Evaporator for Pure and Mixed Refrigerants (2018)

This paper presents an estimation of the degradation in heat transfer performance in plate heat exchanger (PHE) evaporators due to flow maldistribution. A booster heat pump system integrated in a district heating network is used as a case study. Butane and two zeotropic mixtures, namely Propylene/Butane (0.5/0.5) and R1234yf/R1233zdE (0.5/0.5) were evaluated as working fluids. The PHE was preliminarily sized for all the refrigerants by considering a fixed plate geometry from a commercial manufacturer. A two-dimensional (2D) numerical model was developed for the evaluation of the total heat flow rate degradation due to the imposed uneven liquid/vapor distribution at the inlet of the PHE channels. Butane showed the most sensitivity to both the effect of end plates and maldistribution, with an overall reduction of the heat flow rate equal to -11.2 %. Both the zeotropic mixtures were insignificantly affected by the uneven quality distribution at the inlet, and suffered a slight reduction of the overall heat flow rate of -0.861 % and -0.779 %, due to effect of end plates. Last, the sensitivity to the boundary conditions of the case study was assessed for the mixture Propylene/Butane (0.5/0.5), evaluating the dependence of the obtained results from superheat and number of channels, since both parameters impact the degradation of heat transfer performance
A R<sub>2</sub>/R<sub>1</sub> Ratiometric Procedure for a Concentration-Independent, pH-Responsive, Gd(III)-Based MRI Agent (2006)

A novel procedure for making the pH responsiveness of a Gd-based probe independent of its concentration has been developed. The method is based on a ratiometric approach and requires the measurement, at magnetic fields higher than 1 T, of the paramagnetic contribution to the longitudinal and the transverse NMR relaxation rates of water protons in the presence of a Gd-based probe with a rotational mobility in the nanosecond time scale. The method has been tested and validated in vitro by using a macromolecular adduct based on the polyornithine backbone, whose rotational mobility is pH dependent. The results reported in this communication improve substantially the diagnostic potential of MRI responsive agents.
Sputtered Schottky barrier solar cells on <i>p</i>-type GaAs (1983)

Schottky barrier solar cells have been produced on single crystal p-type GaAs by sputtering gold to form the barrier. The rectifying action for the gold sputtered p-type device is unique to the method since normal thermal evaporated gold onto p-type produced Ohmic contacts. The opposite behavior was observed for n-type GaAs. Barrier heights have been measured for both p-type (sputtered) and n-type (thermal) diodes using current-voltage and capacitance-voltage methods and are 0.90 and 0.95 eV, respectively. The power conversion efficiencies without AR coatings have values of 6.56% (p) and 5.58% (n). Deep level transient spectroscopy has been used to identify the trap center concentrations and energy levels for both diodes to account for the relatively large dark currents in the p-type (sputtered) diodes.
Electromagnetic-acoustic-transducer (1984)

The National Bureau of Standards' was established by an act of Congress on March 3, 1901. The Bureau's overall goal is