gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interaction between longitudinal-optical-phonon modes of a rectangular quantum wire and charge carriers of a one-dimensional electron gas (1989)

The Fr\"ohlich Hamiltonian describing the interaction of longitudinal-optical (LO) phonons and charge carriers in a three-dimensional polar semiconductor is generalized to the case where phonon modes are confined in two of the three spatial dimensions. The generalized Fr\"ohlich Hamiltonian is used to calculate the total scattering rate for electron--LO-phonon scattering of electrons traversing a one-dimensional quantum wire with a rectangular cross section.
Unraveling a Multifactorial Late-Onset Disease: From Genetic Susceptibility to Disease Mechanisms for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2009)

Aging-associated neurodegenerative diseases significantly influence the quality of life of affected individuals. Genetic approaches, combined with genomic technology, have provided powerful insights into common late-onset diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Here, we discuss current findings on the genetics of AMD to highlight areas of rapid progress and new challenges. We also attempt to integrate available genetic and biochemical data with cellular pathways involved in aging to formulate an integrated model of AMD pathogenesis.
Clinical evaluation of propofol as an intravenous anaesthetic agent in cats and dogs (1989)

The clinical efficacy and safety of an emulsion containing 10 mg/ml of the intravenous anaesthetic propofol were evaluated in cats and dogs by veterinary surgeons in eight practices in the United Kingdom. A total of 290 dogs and 207 cats were anaesthetised with propofol either as a single injection for procedures of short duration, or as an induction agent with maintenance provided by further incremental injections or as an induction agent with maintenance by gaseous agents. The mean induction doses of propofol for unpremedicated dogs and cats were respectively 6.55 mg/kg and 8.03 mg/kg. The mean induction doses after premedication with a tranquilliser were 4.5 mg/kg and 5.97 mg/kg for dogs and cats, respectively. Mean recovery times ranged, depending on the method of anaesthesia, from 23 to 40 minutes in dogs and from 27 to 38 minutes in cats; recovery was defined as the time at which the animals were alert and able to stand. Adverse side effects were infrequent, apnoea during induction being the commonest. Acepromazine and atropine were most often used as premedicants although in a few cases diazepam, xylazine and other agents were employed. No clinical incompatibility was observed between propofol and any of the other agents administered during the study. The rapid and usually excitement-free recovery of the animals was a valuable feature of anaesthesia with propofol.
Synthesis and characterization of graft copolymers of poly(vinyl chloride) with styrene and (meth)acrylates by atom transfer radical polymerization (1998)

Graft copolymers of poly(vinyl chloride) with styrene and (meth)acrylates were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization. Poly(vinyl chloride) containing small amount of pendent chloroacetate units was used as a macroinitiator. The formation of the graft copolymer was confirmed with size exclusion chromatography (SEC), 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy. The graft copolymers with increasing incorporation of butyl acrylate result in an increase of molecular weight. One glass transition temperature (Tg) was observed for all copolymers. Tg of the copolymer with butyl acrylate decreases with increasing content of butyl acrylate.
Novel algorithm for continuous decoding of turbo codes (1999)

A novel type of recursive algorithm for decoding turbo codes with a convolutional interleaver is proposed, based on a symbol-by-symbol maximum a posteriori probability algorithm. It requires only a forward recursion which can be performed in parallel, and the number of variables to be stored does not increase with decoding delay. This algorithm can be used in continuous decoding for both recursive and nonrecursive encoders. Simulation results of demonstrating its performance are presented.
Passive Immunization with a Multicomponent Vaccine against Conserved Domains of Apical Membrane Antigen 1 and 235-Kilodalton Rhoptry Proteins Protects Mice against<i>Plasmodium yoelii</i>Blood-Stage Challenge Infection (2006)

During malaria parasite invasion of red blood cells, merozoite proteins bind receptors on the surface of the erythrocyte. Two candidate Plasmodium yoelii adhesion proteins are apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) and the 235-kDa rhoptry proteins (P235). Previously, we have demonstrated that passive immunization with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) 45B1 and 25.77 against AMA1 and P235, respectively, protects against a lethal challenge infection with P. yoelii YM. We show that MAb 45B1 recognizes an epitope located on a conserved surface of PyAMA1, as determined by phage display and analysis of the three-dimensional structure of AMA1, in a region similar to that bound by the P. falciparum AMA1-specific inhibitory antibody 4G2. The epitope recognized by 25.77 could not be assigned. We report here that MAbs 45B1 and 25.77 also protect against challenge with the nonlethal parasite line 17X, in which PyAMA1 has a significantly different amino acid sequence from that in YM. When administered together, the two MAbs acted at least additively in providing protection against challenge with the virulent YM parasite. These results support the concept of developing a multicomponent blood-stage vaccine and the inclusion of polymorphic targets such as AMA1, which these results suggest contain conserved domains recognized by inhibitory antibodies.
InP-based short cavity lasers with 2D photoniccrystal mirror (2001)

The authors have successfully fabricated in-plane emitting InP-based microlasers with cavity lengths of 600–100 µm. The required high reflectivity mirrors consist of a 2D ΓM-oriented triangular photonic crystal of air rods with a lattice constant of 350 nm. The lasers operate CW at room temperature with a threshold current of 29 mA and output power up to 4 mW for the shortest devices.
Simultaneous analysis of cell cycle kinetics at two different DNA ploidy levels based on DNA content and cyclin B measurements. (1993)

The methods of cell cycle analysis that rely on DNA content measurements cannot discriminate between cells at different phases of the cycle if these cells have similar DNA content. This limitation can be circumvented by measurement of another cell cycle phase-specific cell constituent in addition to DNA content, followed by bivariate analysis of the correlated data. The aim of the present study was to explore the utility of a monoclonal antibody against the G2- and M phase-specific regulatory protein cyclin B for discrimination of cell populations with overlapping DNA content. This analysis, which was based on correlated DNA/cyclin B content measurements by flow cytometry, was applied to human lymphocytic leukemic MOLT-4 cells. The onset of cyclin B synthesis was observed in the last one third of S phase with its maximum accumulation in G2 and M phases; cells in G1 and early- and mid-S phases were negative. Cells arrested in metaphase by vinblastine expressed high levels of this protein, although not as high as in cells arrested in G2 by the DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor m-AMSA. Disruption of cytokinesis by the protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine led to DNA rereplication, cell progression through the chromatin cycle at higher DNA ploidy, and induction of polyploidy. It was possible, utilizing the cyclin B antibody, to discriminate between G2 + M cells with a 2C level of DNA and G1 cells with 4C DNA, as well as to distinguish doublets of G1 cells with a 2C DNA level. Thus, the rate of cell entrance to G1 at the 4C DNA level and the rates of progression through the cycle at both the 2C and 4C DNA levels could be simultaneously estimated. The data indicate that, in the presence of 0.1 microM staurosporine, cytokinesis of all MOLT-4 cells is impaired and the cells enter to and progress through the chromosome cycle at 4C DNA at the same rates as at 2C DNA. This approach can be helpful in the analysis of DNA ploidy and the cell cycle of human tumors when there is an overlap in DNA content values between normal stromal or infiltrating cells and aneuploid tumor cell population and may be the method of choice to investigate the activity of antitumor drugs which impair cytokinesis but do not interfere with progression of cells through the chromatin cycle.
Automated Parallel Synthesis of MADIX (Co)Polymers (2003)

Abstract An automated parallel synthetic approach has been developed for synthesizing polymer libraries by the Macromolecular Design via the Interchange of Xanthates (MADIX) process. The experimental set‐up, parallel polymerizations, characterization, and reproducibility tests are detailed. Examples of acrylic diblock copolymers synthesized in this way are given. Automated MADIX polymerizations of BA in the presence of a X 1 ‐capped PEA. magnified image Automated MADIX polymerizations of BA in the presence of a X 1 ‐capped PEA.
Cross-conjugated and pseudo-cross-conjugated mesomeric betaines. 1. Synthesis and characterization (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCross-conjugated and pseudo-cross-conjugated mesomeric betaines. 1. Synthesis and characterizationKevin T. Potts, Peter M. Murphy, and William R. KuehnlingCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 13, 2889–2898Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00248a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00248a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views513Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rac1/Pak1/p38/MMP-2 Axis Regulates Angiogenesis in Ovarian Cancer (2015)

Zoledronic acid has robust antitumor and antiangiogenic activity and merits further clinical development as ovarian cancer treatment.
Le droit de la concurrence à l'épreuve de l'économie numérique (2017)

L’économie numérique bouleverse les marchés existants et en fait émerger de nouveaux. Des sociétés de ce secteur se sont développées au point d’être en mesure d’exercer une domination sur des pans entiers de l’économie mondiale : les fameux GAFA en sont les meilleurs exemples. Les caractéristiques de ces nouveaux business models font systématiquement intervenir les notions de marché multiface et de plateforme, de Big Data, mais également de course au monopole, sous la forme du winner takes all.<br>Ces business models leur permettent de s’extraire des contraintes des marchés sur lesquels ces sociétés interviennent, et ainsi d’être en mesure de gagner en efficacité et de baisser leurs prix, au détriment des acteurs conventionnels. Afin de répondre rapidement aux bouleversements engendrés par celles-ci, de nouvelles réglementations sont instaurées, bien souvent au détriment du consommateur qui est le premier bénéficiaire des innovations apportées par les sociétés numériques.<br>La question peut se poser de savoir si le droit de la concurrence est en mesure de réguler cette domination. De prime abord, les caractéristiques évoquées plus haut jouent en sa défaveur, les outils n’étant pas adaptés à ces modèles innovants. Néanmoins, une collaboration entre autorités de régulation se développe, préalable nécessaire à l’appréhension de phénomènes transfrontaliers, et dans le même temps, des évolutions jurisprudentielles ont permis de répondre à l’innovation technologique par l’innovation juridique.<br>Le droit de la concurrence, de par sa flexibilité, semble tout à fait en mesure d’appréhender les évolutions numériques et il apparaît opportun de ne pas vouloir créer ex nihilo des spécificités ou des réglementations sectorielles. La voie la plus pertinente sera celle de l’adaptation des autorités et des procédures de manière à appréhender les spécificités de l’économie numérique tout en poursuivant l’innovation juridique pour réussir à encadrer les effets de ces nouveaux marchés au bénéfice de tous.
Comparison of injection moulded, natural fibre-reinforced composites with PP and PLA as matrices (2011)

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and polypropylene (PP) were comparatively investigated as matrices for injection-moulded composites containing small (1–3 wt%) amounts of short sisal fibre. The morphology, thermal and dynamic mechanical properties, as well as degradation characteristics were investigated. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of the composites show more intimate contact and better interaction between the fibres and PLA, compared to PP. This improved interaction was confirmed by the Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy results which showed the presence of hydrogen bonding interaction between PLA and the fibres. The thermal stability (as determined through thermogravimetric analysis [TGA]) of both polymers increased with increasing fibre content, with a more significant improvement in the case of PP. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed a significant influence of the fibres on the cold crystallization and melting behaviour of PLA, even at the low fibre contents of 1–3%. The influence of the fibres on the melting characteristics of the PP was negligible, but it had a significant influence on the nonisothermal crystallization temperature range. Both the storage and loss moduli of the PLA decreased with increasing fibre content below the glass transition of PLA, but the influence on the loss modulus was more significant. The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results clearly show cold crystallization of PLA around 110°C, and the presence of fibres gave rise to higher modulus values between the cold crystallization and melting of the PLA. The presence of fibres also had an influence on the dynamic mechanical properties of PP. This article further describes basic biodegradation observations for the investigated samples.
Biocompatibility and biofunctionalization of mesoporous silicon particles (2012)

Several of the newly developed drug molecules experience poor biopharmaceutical behavior, which hinders their effective delivery at the proper site of action. Among the several strategies employed in order to overcome this obstacle, mesoporous silicon-based materials have emerged as promising drug carriers due to their ability to improve the dissolution behavior of several poorly water-soluble drugs compounds confined within their pores. In addition to improve the dissolution behavior of the drugs, we report that porous silicon (PSi) nanoparticles have a higher degree of biocompatibility than PSi microparticles in several cell lines studied. In addition, the degradation of the nanoparticles showed its potential to fast clearance in the body. After oral delivery, the PSi particles were also found to transit the intestines without being absorbed. These results constituted the first quantitative analysis of the behavior of orally administered PSi nanoparticles compared with other delivery routes in rats. \n\nThe self-assemble of a hydrophobin class II (HFBII) protein at the surface of hydrophobic PSi particles endowed the particles with greater biocompatibility in different cell lines, was found to reverse their hydrophobicity and also protected a drug loaded within its pores against premature release at low pH while enabling subsequent drug release as the pH increased. These results highlight the potential of HFBII-coating for PSi-based drug carriers in improving their hydrophilicity, biocompatibility and pH responsiveness in drug delivery applications. \n\nIn conclusion, mesoporous silicon particles have been shown to be a versatile platform for improving the dissolution behavior of poorly water-soluble drugs with high biocompatibility and easy surface modification. The results of this study also provide information regarding the biofunctionalization of the THCPSi particles with a fungal protein, leading to an improvement in their biocompatibility and endowing them with pH responsive and mucoadhesive properties.
Low-temperature H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf>-powered actuators for biorobotics: Thermodynamic and kinetic analysis (2010)

The need for novel, high performance actuators felt in several fields of robotics, such as assistive or rehabilitative robotics, is not fully satisfied by current actuation means. This fosters an intense research on novel energy transduction methods. In particular, propellant-based chemical actuators, able to directly convert chemical energy into mechanical energy, appear very promising, although their potential in robotics has not yet been deeply investigated. This work focuses on H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , used as propellant for actuators. This chemical was first used in robotics, with excellent results, by Goldfarb and collaborators, in 2003. H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> dissociation is strongly exothermic, which generates important design issues when the actuated machine operates in close proximity to the human body. In this paper it is shown that: 1) is possible to operate the decomposition process at acceptable temperature, by means of basic solutions of hydrogen peroxide; 2) for basic pH solutions, tin becomes an effective catalyst for H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> dissociation. A kinetic model of H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> dissociation in basic solutions is provided, that is in good agreement with experimental data. We show how the model can be used to gather the necessary information for the dimensioning of H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -based actuators.
Regular array of Si nanopillars fabricated using metal clusters (1998)

We have developed a fabrication process of Si nanopillars using metal clusters arranged by electron beam (e-beam) lithography. This process forms nanopillars by taking advantage of the fact that metal clusters deposited on Si substrates act as nuclei for self-formation of etch masks during electron cyclotron plasma etching with SF6 if the substrate is kept at ∼−135 °C. The clusters are placed on the substrate by an e-beam lift-off technique following a small amount of deposition of metal vapors. Arrays of Si pillars with a regular spacing of 100 nm were actually fabricated using Au, Ag, and Fe clusters. Au clusters yielded 70 nm high pillars with an average diameter of 10 nm and a standard deviation of 1.3 nm, which is exceedingly better than the resolution of the lithography used (∼30 nm). Ag and Fe clusters produced pillars 20 nm in diameter. These results demonstrate that the pillar size is controlled by species of the metal clusters, whereas the position is defined by the e-beam lithography. We have also found that Fe clusters are very durable in the etching process and can produce pillars with a very high aspect ratio: 280 nm high and 20 nm in diameter.
[Cross reactions of HLA A and B antigens in 63 patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. (1984)

Cross reactions are very frequently observed when HLA A and B antigens are determined by a routine lymphocytotoxicity method. Such cross reactions are probably due to biochemical structural similarities shared by several HLA antigens. In this work, we studied the cross reactions which occurred during HLA A and B typing of 63 patients with classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis (RA) according to the ARA criteria. No association was found between RA and any single HLA A or B antigen. In contrast, when cross reactions were taken into account, the B8 B14 cross reactant group frequency was increased in RA patients (34,9 p. cent) as compared to controls (20 p. cent, p less than 0,004) and was even more clearly elevated in the 42 seropositive RA patients (40,5 p. cent, p less than 0,002). No relation was found between HLA phenotype and Sjögren's syndrome even when cross reactions were considered. The B8 DR3 haplotype has been shown to be associated with drug intolerance . The B8 B14 cross reactant group was present in 22 out of our 63 RA patients, 16 of whom were B8+. Among the latter, 6 patients exhibited poor tolerance to gold salts and 6 other patients did not respond to gold therapy, suggesting that the B8 antigen could predict not only a poor tolerance but also a poor response to disease modifying drugs.
Functions (1970)

One of the most interesting and important unifying concepts in school mathematics is the function concept.1 One often hears such expressions as “the function of the brain is to enable a person to make rational decisions” or “the function of a lamp is to give light.” However, the mathematical use of the word “function” is linked to the historical use of the word by mathematicians and scientists. Historically, mathematicians and scientists have used the word “function” to illustrate how one condition or “state” affects another. For example, they use such phrases as “distance is a function of time,” “water pressure is a function of depth,” and “the area of a circle is a function of its radius.” You will note that these expressions suggest pairs—distance and time, pressure and depth, area and radius. In the following discussion we will first review the mathematical definition of function, and then present some practical uses of functions. Part 2 of this article give examples of functions that can be used to describe some real life situations.