gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatial Regulation of RhoA Activity during Pancreatic Cancer Cell Invasion Driven by Mutant p53 (2011)

The ability to observe changes in molecular behavior during cancer cell invasion in vivo remains a major challenge to our understanding of the metastatic process. Here, we demonstrate for the first time, an analysis of RhoA activity at a subcellular level using FLIM-FRET (fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy-fluorescence resonance energy transfer) imaging in a live animal model of pancreatic cancer. In invasive mouse pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells driven by mutant p53 (p53(R172H)), we observed a discrete fraction of high RhoA activity at both the leading edge and rear of cells in vivo which was absent in two-dimensional in vitro cultures. Notably, this pool of active RhoA was absent in noninvasive p53(fl) knockout PDAC cells, correlating with their poor invasive potential in vivo. We used dasatanib, a clinically approved anti-invasive agent that is active in this model, to illustrate the functional importance of spatially regulated RhoA. Dasatanib inhibited the activity of RhoA at the poles of p53(R172H) cells in vivo and this effect was independent of basal RhoA activity within the cell body. Taken together, quantitative in vivo fluorescence lifetime imaging illustrated that RhoA is not only necessary for invasion, but also that subcellular spatial regulation of RhoA activity, as opposed to its global activity, is likely to govern invasion efficiency in vivo. Our findings reveal the utility of FLIM-FRET in analyzing dynamic biomarkers during drug treatment in living animals, and they also show how discrete intracellular molecular pools might be differentially manipulated by future anti-invasive therapies.
Towards a Spatial Sound Description Interchange Format (SpatDIF) (2007)

The need for a Spatial Sound Description Interchange Format (SpatDIF) to create, store, and share information for 3D audio applications, is presented. A review of several spatialization algorithms and their implementations includes Vector Based Amplitude Panning, Ambisonics, Spatialisateur, and Virtual Microphone Control. The properties of SpatDIF include platform independence, easily understandable syntax, extendibility, free and open source, easy to connect, and use of existing standards. SpatDlF builds on the Open Sound Control (OSC) address space standard for real-time audio purposes while SpatDIF OSC stream is stored as streams in audio sequencer programs. Position of virtual sound sources is controllable parameter including perspective, coordinate system, absolute or relative parameter values used by SpatDIF.
Capacitive Resistivity Imaging With Towed Arrays (2003)

Capacitive resistivity (CR) is an emerging technique which can extend the scope of DC<br>resistivity to environments where galvanic measurements tend to fail, for example on engineered<br>structures (roads, pavements), dry soil or frozen ground. Low frequencies (say 1 to 25 kHz) allow for<br>capacitive coupling between sensors and the ground, but theoretical equivalence with the DC case is<br>only achieved in a low-induction number mode of operation associated with quasi-stationary fields.<br>Under such conditions, conventional DC interpretation schemes are applicable to CR data.<br>In general, the transfer impedance across a four-point capacitive array is a complex function<br>of frequency and geometry. For standard geometries with plate-wire sensors on the surface, typical<br>survey parameters and moderate electrical properties of the subsurface, responses are strongly inphase.<br>However, there are circumstances under which the quadrature component is non-negligible so<br>that significant phase-shifts are observed and a phase-sensitive expression for apparent resistivity is<br>more adequate. We have validated these fundamental properties of CR by measuring the fully<br>complex voltage (magnitude and phase) with a prototype CR instrument developed by BGS.<br>The nature of the CR technique facilitates dynamic measurements with towed multi-offset<br>arrays, which we have employed for the collection of low-noise, highly repeatable apparent<br>resistivity data at centimeter intervals. Such data allow near-surface electrical tomographic imaging<br>at resolutions that would be impractical to achieve with conventional DC resistivity. We conclude<br>that capacitive resistivity imaging (CRI) has the potential to become a key tool for environmental<br>and engineering site investigation surveys in the built environment.
Looking inside the box: using Raman microspectroscopy to deconstruct microbial biomass stoichiometry one cell at a time (2010)

Stoichiometry of microbial biomass is a key determinant of nutrient recycling in a wide variety of ecosystems. However, little is known about the underlying causes of variance in microbial biomass stoichiometry. This is primarily because of technological constraints limiting the analysis of macromolecular composition to large quantities of microbial biomass. Here, we use Raman microspectroscopy (MS), to analyze the macromolecular composition of single cells of two species of bacteria grown on minimal media over a wide range of resource stoichiometry. We show that macromolecular composition, determined from a subset of identified peaks within the Raman spectra, was consistent with macromolecular composition determined using traditional analytical methods. In addition, macromolecular composition determined by Raman MS correlated with total biomass stoichiometry, indicating that analysis with Raman MS included a large proportion of a cell's total macromolecular composition. Growth phase (logarithmic or stationary), resource stoichiometry and species identity each influenced each organism's macromolecular composition and thus biomass stoichiometry. Interestingly, the least variable peaks in the Raman spectra were those responsible for differentiation between species, suggesting a phylogenetically specific cellular architecture. As Raman MS has been previously shown to be applicable to cells sampled directly from complex environments, our results suggest Raman MS is an extremely useful application for evaluating the biomass stoichiometry of environmental microorganisms. This includes the ability to partition microbial biomass into its constituent macromolecules and increase our understanding of how microorganisms in the environment respond to resource heterogeneity.
Cutaneous cysticercosis treated with metrifonate (1981)

• Cutaneous cysticercosis in humans is an uncommon parasitic infestation. When few nodules are present, surgical excision is effective therapy. For multiple nodules, diverse forms of treatment have been employed. We describe herein a patient with myriad nodules of cysticercosis who showed dramatic improvement after two six-day courses of metrifonate (an organophosphorous compound) administered one month apart. These encouraging results could be of help to other patients, especially those with CNS involvement, although the use of this compound is not without risk. (<i>Arch Dermatol</i>1981;117:507-509)
Correcting engine tests for humidity (1929)

Data obtained on a 6-cylinder automobile engine indicate a loss of engine power with increasing humidity proportional to the volumetric loss of oxygen content of the atmosphere. It is shown that power and fuel consumption may be cor- rected by subtracting observed water vapor pressure from atmospheric pressure and using the result in place of barometric pressure in the usual correction formula.
A randomized trial to evaluate the effect of a trace mineral premix on the incidence of active digital dermatitis lesions in cattle (2014)

A balanced, parallel-group, single-blinded randomized efficacy study divided into 2 periods was conducted to evaluate the effect of a premix containing higher than typically recommended levels of organic trace minerals and iodine (HOTMI) in reducing the incidence of active digital dermatitis (DD) lesions acquired naturally and induced by an experimental infection challenge model. For the natural exposure phase of the study, 120 healthy Holstein steers 5 to 7 mo of age without signs of hoof disease were randomized into 2 groups of 60 animals. The control group was fed a standard trace mineral supplement and the treatment group was fed the HOTMI premix, both for a period of 60 d. On d 60, 15 steers free of macroscopic DD lesions were randomly selected from each group for the challenge phase and transported to an experimental facility, where they were acclimated and then challenged within a DD infection model. The same diet group allocation was maintained during the 60 d of the challenge phase. The primary outcome measured was the development of an active DD lesion greater than 20mm in diameter across its largest dimension. No lesions were identified during the natural exposure phase. During the challenge phase, 55% (11/20) and 30% (6/20) of feet were diagnosed with an active DD lesion in the control and treatment groups, respectively. Diagnosis of DD was confirmed by histopathologic demonstration of invasive Treponema spp. within eroded and hyperplastic epidermis and ulcerated papillary dermis. All DD confirmed lesions had dark-field microscopic features compatible with DD and were positive for Treponema spp. by PCR. As a secondary outcome, the average DD lesion size observed in all feet was also evaluated. Overall mean (standard deviation) lesion size was 17.1 (2.36) mm and 11.1 (3.33) mm for the control and treatment groups, respectively, with this difference being driven by acute DD lesions >20mm. A trend existed for the HOTMI premix to reduce the total DD infection rate and the average size of the experimentally induced lesions. Further research is needed to validate the effect of this intervention strategy in the field and to generate prevention and control measures aimed at optimizing claw health based on nutritional programs.
New Techniques and Applications for 3D-Brake Vibration Analysis (2000)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The measurement of brake squeal vibrations is a difficult problem, because the rotating disc does not allow any physical contact with the sample during measurement. The use of accelerometers is difficult and very time consuming. Non-contact scanning techniques (e.g. vibrometers) are widely used for these applications, and although they provide a very high temporal resolution is available, still problems occur if non steady vibrations are present. Furthermore, the recent interest of researchers has focused not only on the one-dimensional out-of plane deformation, but on the determination of the three-dimensional vibration behavior, especially the analysis of the in-plane component of the vibration.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) using pulsed lasers has already been presented as a non-contact and full field measuring technique of brake squeal, which provides complete maps of the vibration of any component of the brake during test. Brake discs, drums, calipers, pads have been measured with this technique. The component under investigation -a rotating brake disc with engaged caliper - is illuminated by two very short laser pulses with a predetermined time separation. The images at these two laser illuminations are recorded with a special high speed camera and analyzed in a computer. The calculated result is a deformation map of each point of the brake disc and caliper which describes the movement of the individual points of the brake between these two laser pulses. Therefore, this technique literally freezes two moments of the movement of the brake and gives an instantaneous view of the overall deformation. Recent developments have produced 3D systems, which provide the complete three-dimensional vibration map of the brake. Special algorithms are used in order to separate the rotation component of the brake disc from the in-plane vibrations.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Using this technique completely automatic brake squeal inspection systems have been designed, which capture the squealing signal, automatically fire the laser and provide the complete deformation map of the component under test. In this paper, we describe this promising new technique and give examples of recent applications in the field of brake squeal analysis.</div>
Preventing ascorbate interference in ion-chromatographic determinations of urinary oxalate: four methods compared (1990)

In an attempt to decrease ascorbate interference on the ion-chromatographic determination of urinary oxalate, we compared the effectiveness of four different methods for ascorbate elimination by analyzing a representative urine pool supplemented with successive ascorbate additions. Two of the methods--treatment with ferric ions or boric acid--have been described elsewhere; treatments with nitrites or ascorbate oxidase (EC 1.10.3.3) are investigated here as possible alternatives. Consideration of the main features, advantages, and drawbacks of the four procedures leads us to conclude that boric acid dilution is a good routine method and that pre-incubation with ascorbate oxidase reliably prevents ascorbate interference in assays of urinary oxalate.
PHARMACOKINETIC STEREOSELECTIVITY OF TROGLITAZONE, AN ANTIDIABETIC AGENT, IN THE KK MOUSE (1997)

Troglitazone, an oral antidiabetic agent, is an equal mixture of four stereoisomers involving two asymmetric centres. In the present study, the stereoselectivity of in vitro epimerization in plasma and organ homogenate and in vivo plasma disposition in the KK mouse, an animal model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes, was examined. In the incubation experiments at 37 degrees C, there was a fivefold to eightfold acceleration of epimerization at the 5 position of the thiazolidine ring in KK mouse plasma compared with that in buffer. However, no inversion at the 2 position of the chroman ring was observed. In addition, there was an approximately 1.3-fold difference in the epimerization rates among stereoisomers at the 2 position of the chroman ring. However, there were no differences in the values of the equilibrium constants of epimerization, and the ratio of epimerization among stereoisomers at the 5 position of thiazolidine ring was almost unity. The acceleration of epimerization is thought to be due to the high degree of protein binding because of the relationship between the initial epimerization rate and the dilution ratio of the plasma. Although acceleration of epimerization was also observed in the 20% homogenates of liver, kidney, and intestine of the KK mouse, the degree of stereoselectivity was lower than in plasma. The analysis of the plasma disposition after intravenous administration of troglitazone stereoisomers, using a kinetic model, indicated that the metabolic clearance in the liver showed a 2.5-fold maximum difference among stereoisomers and that the stereoselectivity of epimerization was low.
Fluorometer and tapered fiber optic probes for sensing in the evanscent wave (1992)

To develop an improved fiber optic biosensor both the optical component selection and the signal coupling efficiency were investigated. The emission filter and fiber connectors were carefully chosen to reduce their contribution to noise in the system. We used long, fused silica fibers that had several centimeters of cladding removed along the distal end. This exposed core is coated with the recognition molecules that bind analyte-fluorophore complexes from the sample solution. A fluorescent signal generated in the evanescent wave region of the unclad, immersed portion of the probe is lost as it enters the cladded portion of the fiber because of a <i>V</i>-number mismatch. To minimize the mismatch, the core radius is reduced along the uncladded region to form a continuous taper. An assay using the tapered fiber and the described optical configuration is presented that demonstrates instantaneous signal generation in response to nanogram amounts of a toxic material.
Sensitivity of the MC-CDMA access scheme to carrier phase noise and frequency offset (1999)

The combination of multicarrier (MC) modulation and code-division multiple access (CDMA) is seen as a very promising technique for the development of high-capacity wireless local communications. On the other hand, this scheme is very sensitive to the signal distortion generated by the imperfect frequency down conversion at the receiver due to the local oscillator phase noise and frequency offset. In this work, we consider the MC-CDMA architecture that was independently proposed in Yee et al. (1993) and Falsafi et al. (1996), and, in particular, we evaluate the impact of both the carrier frequency offset and the phase noise on the system performance. The results are given in terms of symbol error rate (SER) obtained by means of an analytical approach for the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. However, the procedure can be applied to the performance evaluation in the presence of a multipath fading channel as part of a semianalytical approach. This approach offers a realistic means of performance evaluation when the target error probability values are of the order of 10/sup -6/ or lower.
<i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> properties of a dimeric bispecific single‐chain antibody IgG‐fusion protein for depletion of CCR2<sup>+</sup> target cells in mice (2005)

The chemokine receptor CCR2 is highly expressed on leukocytes in several inflammatory diseases of both mice and men. Apart from blockade of CCR2 to prevent chemokine-dependent cell migration, depletion of CCR2(+) cells might be a promising strategy for treatment of inflammatory diseases. We therefore designed a bispecific antibody construct with the ability to deplete CCR2(+) target cells in vitro and in vivo. The bispecific antibody construct consists of two single-chain antibody variable fragments (scFv) - one recognizing murine CD3epsilon and the other recognizing murine CCR2 - joined by a short linker and fused to a modified hinge region and the C(H)2 and C(H)3 domains of murine IgG1 for dimerization. The protein was expressed in mammalian cells and purified via its C-terminal histidine tail. In vitro this construct leads to efficient antigen-specific and costimulation-independent activation of T cells and strong lysis of CCR2(+) target cells. In vivo the construct induces an almost complete depletion of CCR2(+)CD11b(+) monocytes from the peripheral blood and spleens of BALB/c mice within 24 h. This recombinant protein construct is a dimeric, bispecific antibody with markedly improved serum levels compared to conventional bispecific single-chain antibodies and the ability to deplete CCR2(+)CD11b(+) monocytes in vivo.
Full-Information Item Factor Analysis: Applications of EAP Scores (1985)

The full-information item factor analysis model pro posed by Bock and Aitkin (1981) is described, and some of the characteristics of expected a posteriori (EAP) scores are illustrated. Three simulation studies were conducted to illustrate the model, and an appli cation of full-information item factor analysis to a set of real data is described.
Coupled Nd and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mi>B</mml:mi><mml:mo>′</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math>spin ordering in the double perovskites Nd<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>Na<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mi>B</mml:mi><mml:mo>′</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math>O<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>6</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>(<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mi>B</mml:mi><mml:mo>′</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mtext>Ru</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:math>, Os) (2013)

We present a neutron powder-diffraction study of the monoclinic double perovskite systems Nd${}_{2}$Na${B}^{\ensuremath{'}}$O${}_{6}$ (${B}^{\ensuremath{'}}=\text{Ru}$, Os), with magnetic atoms occupying both the $A$ and ${B}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ sites of the ${A}_{2}B{B}^{\ensuremath{'}}{\text{O}}_{6}$ structure. Our measurements reveal coupled spin ordering between the Nd and ${B}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ atoms with magnetic transition temperatures of 14.3(1) K for Nd${}_{2}$NaRuO${}_{6}$ and 16.2(2) K for Nd${}_{2}$NaOsO${}_{6}$. There is a type-I antiferromagnetic structure associated with the Ru and Os sublattices, with the ferromagnetic planes stacked along the $c$ axis and [110] direction respectively, while the Nd sublattices exhibit complex, canted antiferromagnetism with different spin arrangements in each system.
Molecular Identification of I<sub>1</sub><sup>PP2A</sup>, a Novel Potent Heat-Stable Inhibitor Protein of Protein Phosphatase 2A (1996)

The amino acid sequences of two tryptic peptides derived from purified preparations of I1PP2A indicated that this potent heat-stable protein inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) may be equivalent to putative histocompatibility leukocyte antigens class II-associated protein I (PHAP-I). Experiments using purified preparations of recombinant human PHAP-I confirmed that this protein inhibited PP2A. Half-maximal inhibition of the phosphatase occurred at about 4 nM PHAP-I, similar to the half-maximal inhibition obtained with purified preparations of bovine kidney I1PP2A. In addition, PHAP-I did not affect the activities of protein phosphatase 1, 2B, and 2C in a manner analogous to that of I1PP2A. Together, the results establish the identity of I1PP2A on a firm basis.
PURLs: statins for patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver? (2011)

Although physicians often avoid prescribing statins for patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver, their use has been found to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality- and to lower liver enzymes.
The Intestinal Microbiome in Bariatric Surgery Patients (2015)

With nearly 39% of the worldwide adult population classified as obese, much of the globe is facing a serious public health challenge. Increasing rates of obesity, coupled with the failure of many behavioural and pharmacological interventions, have contributed to a rise in popularity of bariatric surgery as a treatment for obesity. Surgery-mediated weight loss was initially thought to be a direct result of mechanical alterations causing restriction and calorie malabsorption. However, the mounting evidence suggests that indirect factors influence the accumulation and storage of fat in patients that have undergone this procedure. Given the established impact the intestinal microbiota has on adiposity, it is likely that this complex enteric microbial community contributes to surgery-mediated weight loss and maintenance of weight loss postsurgery. In this review, we discuss the physiological and psychological traits exhibited by bariatric surgery candidates that can be influenced by the intestinal microbiota. Additionally, we detail the studies that investigated the impact of bariatric surgery on the intestinal microbiota in humans and mouse models of this procedure.