gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FileTrust: Reputation Management for Reliable Resource Sharing in Structured Peer-to-Peer Networks (2007)

In peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, reputation is used to estimate the trustworthiness of servents** and to help prevent untrustworthy resources from spreading by malicious servents. However, in dynamic scenarios with arrivals and departures of servents and resources, servent reputation is not enough to reduce the impacts of malicious behaviors such as lying, whitewashing, etc. In this paper, we propose a new reputation management model using both servent and resource reputation and demonstrate detail protocols to implement our model in structured P2P networks. Simulation results show that our model can reduce the rate of downloading untrustworthy resources more rapidly than the previous models even in dynamic scenarios where servents can rejoin with new identities, introduce new untrustworthy resources, and send wrong feedbacks. Also, we show that the proposed model and protocol can effectively share the load between servents.
Simultaneous Analysis of Pesticide Priority Pollutants in Soil (1995)

The simultaneous analysis of 16 organic pesticides, which are listed as a part of 129 priority pollutants by EPA(Environmental Protection Agency), was performed by GC-ECD(electron capture detector) and GC/MS-SIM(selected ion monitoring). Two extraction procedures from SW-846, sonication extraction and Soxhlet extraction, were somewhat modified and compared as an extraction and concentration method for the analysis of priority pollutants in soil. Accuracy and precision of the methods were reported from the calculation of mean recovery, mean relative standard deviation, and method detection limit.
Is functional hypertrophy and specific force coupled with the addition of myonuclei at the single muscle fiber level? (2011)

Muscle force is typically proportional to muscle size, resulting in constant force normalized to muscle fiber cross-sectional area (specific force). Mice overexpressing insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) exhibit a proportional gain in muscle force and size, but not the myostatin-deficient mice. In an attempt to explore the role of the cytoplasmic volume supported by individual myonuclei [myonuclear domain (MND) size] on functional capacity of skeletal muscle, we have investigated specific force in relation to MND and the content of the molecular motor protein, myosin, at the single muscle fiber level from myostatin-knockout (Mstn(-/-)) and IGF-1-overexpressing (mIgf1(+/+)) mice. We hypothesize that the addition of extra myonuclei is a prerequisite for maintenance of specific force during muscle hypertrophy. A novel algorithm was used to measure individual MNDs in 3 dimensions along the length of single muscle fibers from the fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus and the slow-twitch soleus muscle. A significant effect of the size of individual MNDs in hypertrophic muscle fibers on both specific force and myosin content was observed. This effect was muscle cell type specific and suggested there is a critical volume individual myonuclei can support efficiently. The large MNDs found in fast muscles of Mstn(-/-) mice were correlated with the decrement in specific force and myosin content in Mstn(-/-) muscles. Thus, myostatin inhibition may not be able to maintain the appropriate MND for optimal function.
Laser beam waist determination by means of multiphoton ionization (1975)

The two−photon ionization process in Cs at λ = 4545 Å is used as a tool for accurate measurement of an Ar−ion laser beam waist. The method is based on the variation of the relative multiphoton ionization yield with the position of a lens between laser and ionization region; it does not require knowledge of any parameter other than the type of intensity profile of the laser beam and the wavelength of the light.
Arabidopsis CBF3/DREB1A and ABF3 in Transgenic Rice Increased Tolerance to Abiotic Stress without Stunting Growth  (2005)

Rice (Oryza sativa), a monocotyledonous plant that does not cold acclimate, has evolved differently from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), which cold acclimates. To understand the stress response of rice in comparison with that of Arabidopsis, we developed transgenic rice plants that constitutively expressed CBF3/DREB1A (CBF3) and ABF3, Arabidopsis genes that function in abscisic acid-independent and abscisic acid-dependent stress-response pathways, respectively. CBF3 in transgenic rice elevated tolerance to drought and high salinity, and produced relatively low levels of tolerance to low-temperature exposure. These data were in direct contrast to CBF3 in Arabidopsis, which is known to function primarily to enhance freezing tolerance. ABF3 in transgenic rice increased tolerance to drought stress alone. By using the 60 K Rice Whole Genome Microarray and RNA gel-blot analyses, we identified 12 and 7 target genes that were activated in transgenic rice plants by CBF3 and ABF3, respectively, which appear to render the corresponding plants acclimated for stress conditions. The target genes together with 13 and 27 additional genes are induced further upon exposure to drought stress, consequently making the transgenic plants more tolerant to stress conditions. Interestingly, our transgenic plants exhibited neither growth inhibition nor visible phenotypic alterations despite constitutive expression of the CBF3 or ABF3, unlike the results previously obtained from Arabidopsis where transgenic plants were stunted.
X-ray Phase Imaging and Tomography Using a Fresnel Zone Plate and a Transmission Grating (2011)

We report hard x-ray phase imaging and tomography consisting of an objective lens and a transmission grating. Our simple microscopy system provides a quantitative phase image even for a strong phase object, and it works by partially coherent illumination on the objective lens. We successfully performed phase imaging and tomography using our method. Our approach may prove to be a powerful way for biologists and material scientists to quantitatively visualize internal structures even in relatively thick samples with high spatial resolution and high sensitivity.
Rose Bengal and Non-Polar Derivatives: The Birth of Dye Sensitizers for Photooxidation<sup>+</sup> (1984)

The synthesis of a new rose bengal derivative, 6-O-acetyl rose bengal ethyl ester is reported. The spectral properties of various new rose bengal derivatives are discussed in relation to their structures and compared with results found for the other fluorescein dyes in the literature. A concise historical review of the chemistry of fluorescein dyes and of their current applications is given.
Bringing Live AIS Information on the Web Sea Charts by Using Ajax (2007)

Besides collision avoidance and traffic monitoring, ship AIS (automatic identification system) information is very valuable in other fields of shipping industry. However, it's very hard for people in these fields to access ship AIS information directly. To satisfy their demands, several live AIS Web systems have been developed. Most of them, however, could be further improved in the aspect of user friendliness. By using Ajax technology, we tried to develop a new live AIS Web system to publish the real time AIS information to the public. The architecture and several key technologies of the system, such as AIS information database construction and accessing, sea chart tiling and rendering, AIS information rendering and so on, are introduced. The system shows that Ajax can enable users to view AIS information smoothly. Compared to the legacy systems, more natural user interact behaviors are supported by this system.
Protein Kinase C Regulates Pleckstrin by Phosphorylation of Sites Adjacent to the N-terminal Pleckstrin Homology Domain (1995)

Pleckstrin is a substrate for protein kinase C in activated platelets that contains at its N and C termini two of the pleckstrin homology (PH) domains that have been proposed to mediate protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions. We have recently shown that pleckstrin can inhibit agonist-induced phosphoinositide hydrolysis and that this inhibition requires an intact N-terminal PH domain (residues 6 to 99). In the present studies, we have identified the sites of phosphorylation in pleckstrin and examined their contribution to pleckstrin function. In human platelets activated with thrombin or phorbol esters, and in COS-1 cells expressing pleckstrin, a combination of phosphopeptide analysis and site-directed mutagenesis shows that three residues in the intervening sequence between the two pleckstrin PH domains become phosphorylated: Ser113, Thr114, and Ser117. Replacing all three of these sites with glycine decreased phosphorylation by > 90% and reduced pleckstrin's ability to inhibit phosphoinositide hydrolysis by as much as 80%. Replacing the phosphorylation sites with alanine residues had a similar effect, while substitution with aspartate, glutamate, or lysine residues produced pleckstrin variants that were fully active even in the absence of phosphorylation. These results suggest that phosphorylation enhances pleckstrin's activity by introducing a cluster of charges into a region adjacent to, but not within, the N-terminal PH domain. This may have an allosteric effect on the N-terminal PH domain, regulating its interaction with other molecules necessary for the inhibition of phosphoinositide hydrolysis.
Political Change and Nationalism in Uganda (1969)

The most significant political change in Uganda is its colonization under the British Government. Despite the very rapid change in the political systems brought about by the British through their colonial policies, the traditional values that the people of Uganda possessed have changed very gradually.In this study, I intend to describe how the nature of the nationalism in Uganda is related to the conflict between traditional forces and modernizing forces which have been triggered by the pressures of British Colonialism. These tensions and conflicts were crystalized in the political actions of traditional chiefs in three stages, namely traditional society, colonial situation and in the rise of nationalism.On the eve of the invasion of British Colonialism, in the area now corresponding to the present Uganda there were four Kingdoms and many tribal territories. Among these kingdoms Buganda was the strongest and had a hierarchical political organization. The British selected Baganda as a major indegenous administrative force to assist them. Thus the British and the Baganda conquered other kingdoms, Bunyoro, Toro, Ankole and many other tribes, such as Busoga, Acholi, Teso, etc.The point that has to be considered here is that in the Colonial Uganda there consisted a dual relationship in rule, one between the colonial government and Buganda and another between Buganda and other kingdoms and tribes, former corresponded to the typical “indirect rule”, which was the characteristic of the British colonial policy. The latter was more complex, because outside Buganda the system of administration was nearly equal to “direct rule” by the British, using Baganda chiefs and the Ganda political system which had been adapted to suit the particular district.Bunyoro, one of the rival kingdoms of Buganda, had a part of its land annexed to Buganda Province, and consequently most of the Bunyoro people had an enmity towards the Baganda.Teso, the second largest tribe in Uganda, and traditionally organized on a segmentary basis, was also ruled by Baganda chiefs and their repulsions against Buganda were latent.Baganda chiefs were forced to work as colonial officials under the Protectorate Government but they still retained, in their spirit, their traditional values, namely their loyalty to their king, Kabaka. So once this traditional value was rejected, the chiefs protested furiously against the Colonial Government. Both the Bunyoro and Teso chiefs feared that the dictatorship of Buganda would affect them.From the facts mentioned above, the Uganda nationalist movement is characterized by a stuggle between the forces of Buganda and non-Buganda rather than a struggle against British Colonialism. The chiefs often took leadership of this movement, they joined political parties and pursued their tribal interests.After independence, Buganda separatism still remains, Uganda's future depends on how the people form a national consensus for unity.
Magnetic bead-based label-free electrochemical detection of DNA hybridization. (2001)

Magnetic bead capture has been used for eliminating non-specific adsorption effects hampering label-free detection of DNA hybridization based on stripping potentiometric measurements of the target guanine at graphite electrodes. In particular, the efficient magnetic separation has been extremely useful for discriminating against unwanted constituents, including a large excess of co-existing mismatched and non-complementary oligomers, chromosomal DNA, RNA and proteins. The new protocol involves the attachment of biotinylated oligonucleotide probes onto streptavidin-coated magnetic beads, followed by the hybridization event, dissociation of the DNA hybrid from the beads, and potentiometric stripping measurements at a renewable graphite pencil electrode. Such coupling of magnetic hybridization surfaces with renewable graphite electrode transducers and label-free electrical detection results in a greatly simplified protocol and offers great promise for centralized and decentralized genetic testing. A new magnetic carbon-paste transducer, combining the solution-phase magnetic separation with an instantaneous magnetic collection of the bead-captured hybrid, is also described. The characterization, optimization and advantages of the genomagnetic label-free electrical protocol are illustrated below for assays of DNA sequences related to the breast-cancer BRCA1 gene.
Biopolymer-Based Hydrogels As Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications: A Review (2011)

Hydrogels are physically or chemically cross-linked polymer networks that are able to absorb large amounts of water. They can be classified into different categories depending on various parameters including the preparation method, the charge, and the mechanical and structural characteristics. The present review aims to give an overview of hydrogels based on natural polymers and their various applications in the field of tissue engineering. In a first part, relevant parameters describing different hydrogel properties and the strategies applied to finetune these characteristics will be described. In a second part, an important class of biopolymers that possess thermosensitive properties (UCST or LCST behavior) will be discussed. Another part of the review will be devoted to the application of cryogels. Finally, the most relevant biopolymer-based hydrogel systems, the different methods of preparation, as well as an in depth overview of the applications in the field of tissue engineering will be given.
A role for vesicular transport of macromolecules across cell walls in fungal pathogenesis (2008)

In our recent work, we have shown that fungal species from different phyla produce extracellular vesicles. The vesicles are heterogeneous and morphologically similar to mammalian exosomes, with intact bilayered membranes. Proteomic analyses reveal that the vesicles contain a broad array of macromolecules, many of which are associated with fungal virulence. Further, the biological import of the extracellular fungal vesicles is supported by their presence during murine cryptococcosis and the immunoreactivity of convalescent serum from patients with Cryptococcus neoformans or Histoplasma capsulatum vesicle protein extracts.In contrast to most eukaryotic cells, fungi have complex cell walls, that could in theory provide a significant barrier to the secretion of large molecules. The discovery of trans-cell wall vesicular transport in fungi provides a solution to the problem of extracellular transport of macromolecules. Identifying similar vesicles in ascomycetes and basidiomycetes suggest that the shuttle system is ancient, predating the divergence of these branches 0.5-1.0 billion years ago. Importantly, the discovery of this trans-cell wall vesicular transport system also poses new, interesting questions for future investigations.
Building up Trusted Identity Management in Mobile Heterogeneous Environment (2011)

Mobile Internet enables mobile users to access Internet services through mobile networks. Currently, cellular networks are converging with various wireless networks, e.g., WLAN, MANET, which forms a heterogeneous mobile environment. In such environment, it has been a big challenge for mobile operators and mobile service providers to offer seamless roaming and services among the networks. Previous work on solving the problem falls in specific network circumstance, which cannot be easily and widely applied in the heterogeneous environment. In this paper, we foresee the future of mobile networks into mobile cloud environment. Thus, we propose a generic and flexible solution based on cloud computing technology that can achieve various benefits, such as robustness, high availability, and so on. We present the architecture and procedures for building up the trusted identity management to achieve seamless roaming.
Purification and Characterization of Yeast Protein Disulfide Isomerase (1990)

Protein disulfide-isomerase (PDI), which reactivates inactive scrambled RNase, was purified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The enzyme was purified 1,850-fold to apparent homogeneity by five purification steps: 30-70% ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE Toyopearl-650S and Butyl Toyopearl-650S chromatographies, and differential Phenyl-5PW HPLC with or without cysteine. The native enzyme had an apparent Mr of 140,000 on gel filtration chromatography, and its NH2-terminal was blocked. The Mr of its subunits were estimated to be 70,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, indicating that the enzyme is probably composed of two identical subunits. The Mr of the subunits changed to 60,000 on endoglucosaminidase H treatment, indicating that the enzyme is transported into the endoplasmic reticulum. The enzyme has a pH optimum of 8.5, and pI of 4.02. Its enzymic properties were compared with those of purified bovine liver PDI. The Km values of yeast and bovine PDIs for scrambled RNase were 1 x 10(-5) and 2 x 10(-5) M, and their Vmax values were 6 and 7 units/mg protein, respectively. The two enzymes showed no significant differences in Km or Vmax values with respect to thiol compounds. Bacitracin inhibited both PDIs in the same fashion. These results indicate that this yeast PDI corresponds to mammalian PDI.
Blocking Coronavirus 19 Infection via the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein: Initial Steps (2020)

Recent crystal structure data for protein-protein interactions featuring the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein will inevitably trigger a new wave of research in this area that was not possible before. This <i>Viewpoint</i> outlines a few of the ways that it is already happening.
Electrical Properties of Organometallic Chemical Vapor Deposited GaAs Epitaxial Layers: Temperature Dependence (1984)

Electrical characteristics are presented for unintentionally doped epitaxial films, grown by the pyrolysis of trimethylgallium (TMG) and arsine at atmospheric pressure. The depositions were carried out on (100) substrates, from 450° to 1050°C, for a wide variety of growth conditions. Growth rates and morphology have been presented elsewhere. Films grown at 1050°C were found to be p‐type, with the hole concentration falling at lower growth temperatures. Conversion to n‐type occurred for growth below 975°C, independent of the arsine overpressure. At still lower temperatures, the film became increasingly n‐type, with a peak in free electron concentration occurring at 850°C. Further reduction in growth temperature resulted in lower electron concentrations until eventually the films became p‐type at around 550°C, depending on the arsine overpressure. The electrical behavior of these films correlates well with predictions from the growth model and thus provides additional insight into the organometallic growth process.
Colchicine (1982)

Colchicine is an alkaloid found in the crocuslike plant,<i>Colchicum autumnale</i>, named for the land of Colchis at the eastern tip of the Black Sea. The first detailed descriptions and drawings of the plant, known then as "Colchicon," were recorded in the first century AD, by Dioscorides of Anazarbos, a botanist-pharmacologist. He warned that Colchicon was a dangerous poison, but recommended that Ephemeron (<i>Colchicum lingulatum</i>), now known to contain less potent concentrations of colchicine, be used for certain medical purposes. In the sixth century AD, Alexander of Tralles first advocated the use of<i>Colchicum</i>to alleviate pain of articular origin, and it was then used intermittently for various forms of arthritis until the 13th century. Its renewed use by Baron Anton von Storck of Vienna, in 1763, demonstrated the plant's specificity for gout and ushered in the modern era of<i>Colchicum</i>therapy. Von Storck's experimental studies of<i>Colchicum</i>'s effects
Subpopulations of striatal interneurons can be distinguished on the basis of neurotrophic factor expression (1999)

Substantial evidence supports a role for trophic activities in the function and survival of fully mature striatal neurons, but little is known regarding trophic factor expression in adult striatum. In situ hybridization was used to identify the distribution and the neurotransmitter phenotypes (i.e., cholinergic and gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA]-ergic) of cells expressing acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), or nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA in adult rat striatum. Each trophic factor mRNA was localized to large, sparsely scattered striatal cells that corresponded to interneurons. Double-labeling studies demonstrated that NGF mRNA was expressed by GABAergic and never by cholinergic cells, whereas aFGF and GDNF mRNAs were expressed by both cell types. Approximately 75% of aFGF+ and GDNF+ cells in dorsal striatum and 46% of aFGF+ and 61% of GDNF+ cells in ventral striatum were cholinergic. Conversely, about 32% of aFGF+ and 24% of GDNF+ cells in dorsal striatum and 55% of aFGF+ and 27% of GDNF+ cells in ventral striatum were GABAergic. A portion of aFGF+ and NGF+ cells was of the parvalbumin GABAergic subtype. The colocalization of trophic factor expression was also examined. Of aFGF+ cells, 20% and 41% were NGF+ and 67% and 83% were GDNF+ in dorsal and ventral striata, respectively. These findings demonstrate that aFGF, GDNF, and NGF are synthesized by discrete but overlapping populations of striatal interneurons. The expression of these survival factors may contribute to the resistance of striatal interneurons to various insults including excitotoxicity.
Integration of A Solid Oxide Fuel Cell into A 10 MW Gas Turbine Power Plant (2010)

Power generation using gas turbine power plants operating on the Brayton cycle suffers from low efficiencies. In this work, a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is proposed for integration into a 10 MW gas turbine power plant, operating at 30% efficiency. The SOFC system utilizes four heat exchangers for heat recovery from both the turbine outlet and the fuel cell outlet to ensure a sufficiently high SOFC temperature. The power output of the hybrid plant is 37 MW at 66.2% efficiency. A thermo-economic model predicts a payback period of less than four years, based on future projected SOFC cost estimates.