gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxygen radical-induced erythrocyte hemolysis by neutrophils. Critical role of iron and lactoferrin. (1985)

Human neutrophils (PMN), when stimulated with such chemotaxins as phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), destroy erythrocytes and other targets. Cytotoxicity depends on PMN-generated reactive oxygen metabolites, yet the exact toxic specie and its mode of production is a matter of some dispute. Using 51Cr-labeled erythrocytes as targets, we compared various reactive-O2 generating systems for their abilities to lyse erythrocytes as well as to oxidize hemoglobin to methemoglobin. PMA-activated PMNs or xanthine oxidase plus acetaldehyde were added to target erythrocytes in amounts that provided similar levels of superoxide. PMNs lysed 68.3 +/- 2.9% (SEM) of targets, whereas the xanthine oxidase system was virtually impotent (2.3 +/- 0.8%). In contrast, methemoglobin formation by xanthine oxidase plus acetaldehyde was significantly greater than that caused by stimulated PMNs (P less than 0.001). A similar dichotomy was noted with added reagent H2O2 or the H2O2-generating system, glucose plus glucose oxidase; neither of these caused 51Cr release, but induced 10-70% methemoglobin formation. Thus, although O2- and H2O2 can cross the erythrocyte membrane and rapidly oxidize hemoglobin, they do so evidently without damaging the cell membrane. That a granule constituent of PMNs is required to promote target cell lysis was suggested by the fact that agranular PMN cytoplasts (neutroplasts), although added to generate equal amounts of O2- as intact PMNs, were significantly less lytic to target erythrocytes (P less than 0.01). Iron was shown to be directly involved in lytic efficiency by supplementation studies with 2 microM iron citrate; such supplementation increased PMN cytotoxicity by approximately 30%, but had much less effect on erythrocyte lysis by neutroplasts (approximately 3% increase), and no effect on lysis in the enzymatic oxygen radical-generating systems. These results suggest a critical role for an iron-liganding moiety that is abundantly present in PMN, marginally so in neutroplasts, and not at all in purified enzymatic systems--a moiety that we presume catalyzes very toxic O2 specie generation in the vicinity of juxtaposed erythrocyte targets. The obvious candidate is lactoferrin (LF), and indeed, antilactoferrin IgG, but not nonspecific IgG, reduced PMN cytotoxicity by greater than 85%. Re-adding 10(-8) M pure LF to neutroplasts increased their ability to promote hemolysis by 48.4 +/- 0.9%--to a level near that of intact PMNs. We conclude that O-2 and H2O2 are not sufficient to mediate target cell lysis, but require iron bound to LF, which, in turn, probably generates and focuses toxic O2 radicals, such as OH, to target membrane sites.
Spin-label determination of enzyme symmetry (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpin-label determination of enzyme symmetryHarden M. McConnell and Jan C. A. BoeyensCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1967, 71, 1, 12–14Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100860a002https://doi.org/10.1021/j100860a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views65Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus‐2 Spike Protein Nanogel as a Pro‐Antigen Strategy with Enhanced Protective Immune Responses (2020)

Prevention and intervention methods are urgently needed to curb the global pandemic of coronavirus disease-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Herein, a general pro-antigen strategy for subunit vaccine development based on the reversibly formulated receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S-RBD) is reported. Since the poor lymph node targeting and uptake of S-RBD by antigen-presenting cells prevent effective immune responses, S-RBD protein is formulated into a reversible nanogel (S-RBD-NG), which serves as a pro-antigen with enhanced lymph node targeting and dendritic cell and macrophage accumulation. Synchronized release of S-RBD monomers from the internalized S-RBD-NG pro-antigen triggers more potent immune responses in vivo. In addition, by optimizing the adjuvant used, the potency of S-RBD-NG is further improved, which may provide a generally applicable, safer, and more effective strategy for subunit vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2 as well as other viruses.
Design and development of ankle-foot prosthesis with delayed release of plantarflexion (2013)

A computer-controlled mechanism that fits a standard ankle-foot prosthesis was designed to capture the absorbed energy in the ankle and delay its release until specific times in the gait cycle. This mechanism used a direct current motor to take up and hold the compression of a carbon-fiber ankle joint. Based on the timing of the contact forces between the foot and the ground, a microprocessor released the spring at preset times later in the gait cycle. This mechanism was added to a Talux prosthetic foot and was employed by a user of a conventional energy-storage ankle-foot prosthesis. His gait was recorded using a motion analysis system. Five settings: 0, 55, 65, 75, and 85 ms delay were tested on separate days, and the standard kinematic and kinetic gait data were recorded. The user reported some settings were more comfortable than others. When these preferences were tested with a randomized double-blind trial, the preferences were not consistent. A second user showed a preference for the 55 ms delay. The modifications to the device resulted in changes to the gait of the subjects, including increased cadence and kinematics of the unaffected joints and a longer, slower push from the ankle, which was noticed by both of the subjects.
Analysis of a Rolling-Element Idler Gear Bearing Having a Deformable Outer-Race Structure (1963)

Conventional calculations of ball and roller bearing carrying capacity and fatigue life assume that the raceway bodies are rigid structures and that all elastic deformation occurs at the rolling elements’ contact with the raceways. In many instances, and particularly with aircraft applications, the bearing rings and their supports cannot be considered rigid. One such application is the planet gear in a transmission. This report develops a theory whereby the effects of the elastic distortions of the outer race of a rolling-element bearing on the internal load distribution and fatigue life of the bearing can be considered. The theory has been programmed for a high-speed, digital computer. An example of calculation for a planet gear roller bearing whose outer race is integral with the gear and of relatively thin section is given. The distortions of the flexible outer ring cause a significantly lower bearing fatigue life (L10) than would occur if the outer ring were rigid and considering a practical range of bearing diametral clearances. Mr. Jones developed the theoretical analysis for this paper and Mr. Harris provided the programming and the experimental data.
Frame-Level Speaker Embeddings for Text-Independent Speaker Recognition and Analysis of End-to-End Model (2018)

In this paper, we propose a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based speaker recognition model for extracting robust speaker embeddings. The embedding can be extracted efficiently with linear activation in the embedding layer. To understand how the speaker recognition model operates with text-independent input, we modify the structure to extract frame-level speaker embeddings from each hidden layer. We feed utterances from the TIMIT dataset to the trained network and use several proxy tasks to study the networks ability to represent speech input and differentiate voice identity. We found that the networks are better at discriminating broad phonetic classes than individual phonemes. In particular, frame-level embeddings that belong to the same phonetic classes are similar (based on cosine distance) for the same speaker. The frame level representation also allows us to analyze the networks at the frame level, and has the potential for other analyses to improve speaker recognition.
Hydrazones as Productive Dienophiles in the Inverse Electron Demand Diels–Alder Reactions of 1,3,5‐Triazines (2015)

Abstract Enamines, ynamines and amidines are common dienophiles for inverse electron demand Diels–Alder (IEDDA) reactions of 1,3,5‐triazines, however, their wide utilization may be limited due to their poor stability to conventional purification methods such as silica gel chromatography. To address this limitation, oximes and hydrazones are envisioned as potential alternative dienophiles, even though they are primarily used as protecting groups due to their excellent stability or lack of reactivity. Through investigation of substituent effects and optimization of reaction conditions, oximes and hydrazones were developed as productive dienophiles for 1,3,5‐triazine IEDDA reactions, leading to the desired IEDDA products in moderate (for oximes) to excellent (for hydrazones) yields. Hydrazones are air‐stable and can be conveniently purified by conventional methods, therefore the introduction of hydrazones as productive dienophiles further expanded the scope of 1,3,5‐triazine IEDDA reactions.
Recrystallization in Single Crystals of Nickel Base Superalloys (2000)

The recrystallization behavior of some monocrystalline superalloys was investigated both in the temperature regime of solutioning as well as at lower temperatures in the y+y' field. At very high temperatures new grains already form after a small plastic deformation of about 1 %. They only nucleate at the surface in single-phase y areas if the degree of cold work is not too high. Grain boundary motion is stopped by interdendritic y/y' areas but is barely retarded by carbides and residual eutectic islands. Even very extended recovery annealing procedures are not able to prevent recrystallization during subsequent full solutioning. For the process of cellular recrystallization in the y+y' field higher degrees of cold work are necessary. In this case a y' free zone must be absent to initiate new grains. Along the moving grain boundary the y' phase is taken into solution and reprecipitated immediately behind it. A thin recrystallized surface "jacket" leads to a higher crack density under LCF conditions but for the chosen parameters in this work the number of cycles to crack initiation is not affected.
A Fiber-Optic Fluorescence Immunosensor (1987)

A fiber-optic evanescent wave type fluorescence immunosensor was constructed. It is indicated which parameters determine the optical response to an immunoreaction. Furthermore, we discuss how this sensor in principle can be used to determine antigen-concentrations without relying on calibration-procedures.
Analysis of EM wave propagation characteristics in plasma sheath of hypersonic reentry blunted cone (2016)

The model of the blunted cone based on the real scale is presented in this paper. Based on the EM model of the plasma sheath obtained from the results of the hypersonic flow over blunted cone, the propagation characteristics of EM waves interacting with the plasma sheath are calculated by using both the PMM method and the FDTD method. The results show that the propagation characteristics present positive correlation with the incident angle and the reentry height while present negative correlation with the reentry speed simultaneity.
Apparent Weakening in SDOF Yielding Structures Using a Negative Stiffness Device: Experimental and Analytical Study (2014)

The peak deformation, acceleration, and the base shear experienced by the structures can be reduced by simulating yielding in an elastic system—also referred as apparent weakening. The negative stiffness device (NSD), used in this study, exhibits nonlinear-elastic negative stiffness behavior; by adding NSD to the elastic structure (primary structure), the resulting structure-device assembly behaves like a bilinear-elastic structure. In an elastic structure, the acceleration and base shear experienced by the structure can be reduced by adding the negative stiffness device, and the additional deformations caused from the reduced stiffness can be contained by adding viscous dampers. Previously, the authors have carried out experimental studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of apparent weakening in elastic structures, but little is known about the behavior of these systems when the primary structure itself yields. This paper focuses on the issues that may emanate with the addition of NSD to the systems prone to yielding while highlighting the response reduction achieved by proper design of the NSD. Shake-table studies of a three-story fixed-base structure (3SFS) braced in top two stories, that is acting as a single degree of freedom system (SDOF) are presented in this paper. Two NSDs and a viscous damper are installed in the first story of the SDOF-3SFS. The structure is subjected to strong ground motions, with and without the NSDs, so that the columns of the SDOF-3SFS in the first story yield. Analytical models for all the components, that can capture the observed experimental behavior, are also presented in this paper. To demonstrate the advantages of apparent-weakening in yielding SDOF structures, experimental and analytical responses of four different systems, (1) 3SFS, (2) 3SFS with damper, (3) 3SFS with NSD, and (4) 3SFS with NSD and damper, are compared for a suite of ground motions. Shake-table tests on SDOF-3SFS have confirmed that by adding the NSD and damper, the acceleration and base shear and deformation of the bilinear inelastic structure and NSD assembly will be reduced by more than 20% for moderate ground motions, and the collapse of structure can be prevented for severe ground motions.
Functional analysis of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> merozoite antigens: implications for erythrocyte invasion and vaccine development (2002)

Malaria is a major human health problem and is responsible for over 2 million deaths per year. It is caused by a number of species of the genus Plasmodium, and Plasmodium falciparum is the causative agent of the most lethal form. Consequently, the development of a vaccine against this parasite is a priority. There are a number of stages of the parasite life cycle that are being targeted for the development of vaccines. Important candidate antigens include proteins on the surface of the asexual merozoite stage, the form that invades the host erythrocyte. The development of methods to manipulate the genome of Plasmodium species has enabled the construction of gain-of-function and loss-of-function mutants and provided new strategies to analyse the role of parasite proteins. This has provided new information on the role of merozoite antigens in erythrocyte invasion and also allows new approaches to address their potential as vaccine candidates.
Within‐ and Among‐Cultivar Genetic Variation in Alfalfa: Forage Quality, Morphology, and Yield (2000)

Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) cultivars are synthetic populations formed from 8 to 200 parents and thus have a broad genetic base. Within‐cultivar variation was compared with among‐cultivar variation for energy value traits, morphological traits, and dry matter yield. Eleven cultivars, each represented by 15 clones of 7 to 20 genotypes, were evaluated in field plots simulating a dense canopy at INRA (National Institute of Agronomic Research), Lusignan in France. Six harvests spanning 3 yr were analyzed. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), enzymatic digestibility, leaf‐to‐stem ratio (LSR), number of stems, stem height, and dry matter yield were measured. Within‐cultivar variance accounted for 31 to 70% of the genetic variance for LSR and quality traits and 57 to 100% for morphological traits and dry matter yield. Large within‐cultivar variation for yield‐related traits could impart yield stability across environments, as a result of competition in alfalfa canopies. Phenotypic and genetic correlations were relatively low in each harvest for dry matter yield and NDF content, but high for NDF content and LSR. Within‐cultivar variation could be exploited as an additional source of genetic variation in breeding programs for quality traits to achieve a higher genetic gain per breeding cycle.
Compiler design for fuzzy classifier systems (2005)

A Rule Compiler design for Fuzzy Classifier Systems is described in this paper. The design of the compiler is based on the building of Grammars described like predicates, which represent the system rules. The ANTLR tool (Another Tool for Language Recognition) is used for the implementation of the compiler. We propose also an interface that makes easier to the user the task of writing, compiling and administering the rules stored in the Knowledge Base.
Saudi Aramco Eliminates Claus Catalyst Deactivation Caused by Aromatics Using Activated Carbon (2007)

Saudi Aramco, like other operators with lean feed acid gas<br>containing benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) has dealt for<br>years with chronic Claus catalyst deactivation, low sulphur<br>recovery and frequent shutdowns to replace catalyst. After<br>completing an exhaustive process selection study to identify<br>the most cost effective solution to the problem, the company<br>proceeded with installation of regenerable activated carbon<br>beds upstream of the sulphur recovery units (SRUs) to remove<br>aromatics contaminants before they reach the converter beds.
Electronic spectroscopy of diphosphine- and diarsine-bridged rhodium(I) dimers (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectronic spectroscopy of diphosphine- and diarsine-bridged rhodium(I) dimersW. A. Fordyce and G. A. CrosbyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 4, 985–988Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00368a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00368a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views86Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Magnesium deficiency in crops and its relevance to arable farming in New Zealand - a review. (2001)

Magnesium (Mg) losses from the soil include those from crop removal (of plant material and through animal grazing and resultant nutrient transfer), leaching, erosion and soil fixation. The predominant cropping soils of New Zealand, Southern and Central Yellow Grey Earths (or Pallic soils) and their associated Recent and Gley soils, have been developed under weak to moderate leaching. Most have medium or medium to high exchangeable Mg levels, 17me./100g and have medium to high reserves of Mg, 7-30me./100g, (Metson and Brooks 1975). Hence, historically Mg fertiliser has not been required for crop production. Canterbury is the major cropping area of New Zealand and most QTMg (MAF quick test) values range from 15-60 (0.7-3me./100g). Most of the Yellow Grey Earth’s of the Canterbury Plains tend to fall at the lower end of this range (QTMg 15-30 or 0.71.5me./100g), however in some areas such as near Methven these soils can have QTMg < 10 and some as low as 3-4 have been found (Craighead and Martin 2001). It is now common to see symptoms of Mg deficiency in cereal and brassica seed crops in some seasons.
A New RGB-D SLAM Method with Moving Object Detection for Dynamic Indoor Scenes (2019)

Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) methods based on an RGB-D camera have been studied and used in robot navigation and perception. So far, most such SLAM methods have been applied to a static environment. However, these methods are incapable of avoiding the drift errors caused by moving objects such as pedestrians, which limits their practical performance in real-world applications. In this paper, a new RGB-D SLAM with moving object detection for dynamic indoor scenes is proposed. The proposed detection method for moving objects is based on mathematical models and geometric constraints, and it can be incorporated into the SLAM process as a data filtering process. In order to verify the proposed method, we conducted sufficient experiments on the public TUM RGB-D dataset and a sequence image dataset from our Kinect V1 camera; both were acquired in common dynamic indoor scenes. The detailed experimental results of our improved RGB-D SLAM were summarized and demonstrate its effectiveness in dynamic indoor scenes.
A multi-sensor image registration approach based on long-edge-correlation (2010)

Some registration approaches can fail when percentage of outliers is too high in remote images. We introduce, in this paper, a new approach to improve the robustness of feature extration for automatic image registration. This method is based on long-edge correlation and consistency check. Long-edge correlation extracts a long edge as reference curve in order to increase the percentage of common feature in the edge maps, and consistent check reduce the number of outliers drastically. The proposed method based on comparison of HuiLi's correlation is a modified chain code correlation coefficient method. In addition, get more consistent-edge by improvement of Randrianarisoa method. The simulation experiments show the robust registration results of the method for images rich in long-edge. Another advantage of the method is rapid computational speed.