gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Partial Left Ventriculectomy: Sunrise or Sunset? (1999)

Partial left ventriculectomy (PLV) was proposed as an alternative to cardiac transplantation for patients with advanced heart failure. Patients with dilated cardiomyopathy that were considered eligible candidates for cardiac transplantation were offered the option of surgical ventriculectomy or to continue waiting for a donor organ. Sixty-two patients underwent PLV between May 1996 and December 1998, mean age 54 years, 47 males, mean ejection fraction 13.5%, mean peak oxygen consumption 10.8 ml/kg/min, 39% NYHA class III and 61% NYHA IV. Perioperative mortality 3.2%, 10/62 (16%) required implant of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) due to shock, most in the early post-operative period. Survival at 1 and 2 years was 78% and 68%. Event free survival (freedom from death, LVAD, or return of NYHA class IV failure) was 50% and 37% at 1 and 2 years. Event free survivors experienced improvement in NYHA class (3.7 to 2.2) and increased oxygen consumption (11.7 to 16.0 ml/kg/min). Based on these data PLV has a significant early failure rate and a 2 year event free survival rate of only 37%. PLV does not yield outcomes equivalent to cardiac transplantation based on current selection criteria and requires further investigation to determine its role in the treatment of advanced heart failure.
Apatite formability of boron nitride nanotubes (2011)

This study investigates the ability of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) to induce apatite formation in a simulated body fluid environment for a period of 7, 14 and 28 days. BNNTs, when soaked in the simulated body fluid, are found to induce hydroxyapatite (HA) precipitation on their surface. The precipitation process has an initial incubation period of ∼ 4.6 days. The amount of HA precipitate increases gradually with the soaking time. High resolution TEM results indicated a hexagonal crystal structure of HA needles. No specific crystallographic orientation relationship is observed between BNNT and HA, which is due to the presence of a thin amorphous HA layer on the BNNT surface that disturbs a definite orientation relationship.
Image Reconstruction From Projections (1995)

This article covers the problem of reconstruction of structures from data collected based on transmitted or emitted radiation. The problem occurs in a wide range of areas, such as X-ray CT, emission tomography, photon migration imaging, electron microscopic reconstruction, etc. The article addresses the design, implementation, evaluation, and application of computer algorithms for solving the reconstruction problem in various biomedical areas and emphasizes the essential role of computers, which is due to the fact that the underlying biomedical problems result in mathematical problems in which the number of unknowns is in the millions.
Real‐time MRI guidance of cardiac interventions (2017)

1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 5 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:935-950.
NatureWatch: How you can help with grassland conservation (2011)

The VNPA's NatureWatch program has been coordinating a number of small-scale projects to monitor threatened grassland species over the past three years.
A smart driver monitoring system using android application and embedded system (2015)

This paper proposes a new integrated driver monitoring system. The system is combining a smartphone App and an embedded controller to build a smart controlling and monitoring system. Nowadays smartphones are equipped with many useful built-in sensors. Moreover, embedded controllers are able to be connected to various analogue and digital sensors. In the proposed system a Bluetooth module is used to exchange data between the smartphone, the embedded controller and the built-in and external sensors. The system is a comprehensive monitoring device for employee driver performance. Moreover, it guarantees full privacy protection. The system was tested in real modes.
La demanda de transporte de mercancías en España : factores determinantes y un análisis de la evolución de los flujos de tráfico en el ámbito de la Unión Europea (1999)

Teniendo como referente la creciente importancia que ha alcanzado en nuestros dias el transporte de mercancias, y la necesidad de un conocimiento detallado del comportamiento de su demanda, el trabajo se centra en la exploracion de tres aspectos basicos: en primer lugar, se estudian los factores, directos e indirectos, cjue afectan a la demanda de transporte de mercancias, en segundo lugar, se ofrece una panoramica relativa a la situacion y tendencias del sector de transporte de mercancias en nuestro pais, y despues se realiza una prediccion para el ano 2005 de los flujos de transporte terrestre (carretera y mercancias) entre los paises integrantes de la Union Europea. Las conclusiones obtenidas presentan un incremento anual acumulativo del 5% en el transporte por carretera y un descenso del 2% en el caso del ferrocarril. De cualquier forma debe tenerse en cuenta que la amplia gama de factores que afectan a la demanda son dificilmente medibles, por lo que la interpretacion de las predicciones ha de estar sujeta al entorno proporcionado por los datos.
Thiadiazoles and dihydrothiadiazoles. Part 5. Synthesis of 2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazoles by reaction of aldehydes or ketones with thioaroylhydrazines (1986)

A general method for the synthesis of 2,5- and 2,2,5-substituted 2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazoles is described, involving the condensation of aldehydes or ketones with thioaroylhydrazines. Evidence for the cyclic nature of the products is discussed. The reaction of 4-methoxythiobenzoylhydrazine with β-chloropropiophenone gives 1-(4-methoxythiobenzoyl)-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole, whereas the corresponding reaction with α-chloroacetophenone gives the known compound 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-6H-1,3,4-thiadiazine. 4-Methoxybenzoylhydrazine also reacts with pentane-2,4-dione to give a mixture of 5-hydroxy-1-(4-methoxythiobenzoyl)-3,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole and 2-acetonyl-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazole, and with 4-oxo- and 5-oxo-alkanoic acids to give 2-(2-carboxyethyl)- and 2-(3-carboxypropyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazoles which are readily cyclized to 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-4-thia-1,2-diazabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-2-en-8-one and 8-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-7-thia-1,9-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-8-en-2-one.
A deoxyribonucleotidase in mitochondria: Involvement in regulation of dNTP pools and possible link to genetic disease (2000)

Three cytosolic and one plasma membrane-bound 5'-nucleotidases have been cloned and characterized. Their various substrate specificities suggest widely different functions in nucleotide metabolism. We now describe a 5'-nucleotidase in mitochondria. The enzyme, named dNT-2, dephosphorylates specifically the 5'- and 2'(3')-phosphates of uracil and thymine deoxyribonucleotides. The cDNA of human dNT-2 codes for a 25.9-kDa polypeptide with a typical mitochondrial leader peptide, providing the structural basis for two-step processing during import into the mitochondrial matrix. The deduced amino acid sequence is 52% identical to that of a recently described cytosolic deoxyribonucleotidase (dNT-1). The two enzymes share many catalytic properties, but dNT-2 shows a narrower substrate specificity. Mitochondrial localization of dNT-2 was demonstrated by the mitochondrial fluorescence of 293 cells expressing a dNT-2-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein. 293 cells expressing fusion proteins without leader peptide or with dNT-1 showed a cytosolic fluorescence. During in vitro import into mitochondria, the preprotein lost the leader peptide. We suggest that dNT-2 protects mitochondrial DNA replication from overproduction of dTTP, in particular in resting cells. Mitochondrial toxicity of dTTP can be inferred from a severe inborn error of metabolism in which the loss of thymidine phosphorylase led to dTTP accumulation and aberrant mitochondrial DNA replication. We localized the gene for dNT-2 on chromosome 17p11.2 in the Smith-Magenis syndrome-critical region, raising the possibility that dNT-2 is involved in the etiology of this genetic disease.
System support for object groups (1998)

This paper draws several observations from our experiences in building support for object groups. These observations actually go beyond our experiences and may apply to many other developments of object based distributed systems.Our first experience aimed at building support for Smalltalk object replication using the Isis process group toolkit. It was quite easy to achieve group transparency but we were confronted with a strong mismatch between the rigidity of the process group model and the flexible nature of object interactions. Consequently, we decided to build our own object oriented protocol framework, specifically dedicated to support object groups (instead of using a process group toolkit). We built our framework in such a way that basic distributed protocols, such as failure detection and multicasts, are considered as first class entities, directly accessible to the programmers. To achieve flexible and dynamic protocol composition, we had to go beyond inheritance and objectify distributed algorithms.Our second experience consisted in building a CORBA service aimed at managing group of objects written on different languages and running on different platforms. This experience revealed a mismatch between the asynchrony of group protocols and the synchrony of standard CORBA interaction mechanisms, which limited the portability of our CORBA object group service. We restricted the impact of this mismatch by encapsulating asynchrony issues inside a specific messaging sub-service.We dissect the cost of object group transparency in our various implementations, and we point out the recurrent sources of overheads, namely message indirection, marshaling/unmarshaling and strong consistency.
Waste tire utilization (1987)

Waste tire accumulations have become an increasingly important problem in recent years. This is of interest to DOE because the scrapped tires represent a large energy resource, and many requests for information have been received. Therefore, this report has been prepared to help in implementing waste tire utilization technologies.
Improving Genome Assemblies by Sequencing PCR Products with PacBio (2012)

Advances in sequencing technologies have dramatically reduced costs in producing high-quality draft genomes. However, there are still many contigs and possible misassembled regions in those draft genomes. Improving the quality of these genomes requires an efficient and economical means to close gaps and resequence some regions. Sequencing pooled gap region PCR products with Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) provides a significantly less expensive means for this need. We have developed a genome improvement pipeline with this strategy after decreasing a loading bias against larger PCR products in the PacBio process. Compared with Sanger technology, this approach is not only cost-effective but also can close gaps greater than 2.5 kb in a single round of reactions, and sequence through high GC regions as well as difficult secondary structures such as small hairpin loops.
KAI1 suppresses HIF-1α and VEGF expression by blocking CDCP1-enhanced Src activation in prostate cancer (2012)

These novel observations may indicate that KAI1 exerts profound metastasis-suppressor activity in the tumor malignancy process via inhibition of CDCP1-mediated Src activation, followed by VHL-induced HIF-1α degradation and, ultimately, decreased VEGF expression.
Advances in Modelling A-Pillar Water Overflow (2015)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Driving when it is raining can be a stressful experience. Having a clear unobstructed view of the vehicles and road around you under these conditions is especially important. Heavy rain conditions can however overwhelm water management devices resulting in water rivulets flowing over the vehicle's side glass. These rivulets can significantly impair the driver's ability to see the door mirror, and laterally onto junctions.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Designing water management features for vehicles is a challenging venture as testing is not normally possible until late in the design phase. Additionally traditional water management features such as grooves and channels have both undesirable design and wind noise implications. Having the ability to detect water management issues such as A-pillar overflow earlier in the design cycle is desirable to minimize the negative impact of water management features. Numerical simulation of windscreen water management is desirable for this reason.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper focuses on recent advances towards the goal of simulating A-pillar overflow. This includes a validation study on a Jaguar saloon, including both numerical simulations using Exa PowerFLOW™, a commercially available LatticeBoltzmann (LBM) CFD solver and experimental testing in a thermal wind tunnel. The experimental procedure, which is based on the use of UV dye and a surface release point, is described. The results at two difference vehicle speeds are then compared with those of simulation. The CFD results are then used to further investigate the mechanisms determining the point at which the A-pillar is breached. This includes a detailed investigation of the flow structures around the A-pillar and their effect on water management.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Overall the study explores the mechanism of A-pillar overflow onto the side glass and provides much-needed validation of the CFD technique for simulating this mechanism.</div></div>
An Automotive Security System for Anti-theft (2009)

Automotive theft has been a persisting problem around the world and greater challenge comes from professional thieves. In this paper, we present an automotive security system to disable an automobile and its key auto systems through remote control when it is stolen. It hence deters thieves from committing the theft. It also effectively prevents stealing of key auto systems for re-selling by introducing four layers of security features written in the form of firmware and embedded on the electronic control units (ECUs). The details of system design and implementation are described in the paper. The experimental results show that our system is feasible and the owner can securely control his vehicle within a few seconds.
[Angiotensin II regulates klotho gene expression]. (2002)

Regulation of the expression of the klotho gene, which suppresses the expression of multiple aging-associated phenotypes, by angiotensin II was investigated. Continuous infusion of angiotensin II downregulated renal klotho gene expression, which was an AT1 receptor-dependent, but pressor-independent event. In some experiments, adenovirus harboring mouse klotho gene(ad-klotho, 3.3 x 10(10) pfu) was intravenously administered immediately before starting angiotensin II infusion, and this resulted in an improvement of creatinine clearance, decrease in urinary protein excretion, and amelioration of tubulointerstitial damage induced by this octapeptitde. Downregulation of the renal klotho gene may have a role in the development of angiotensin II-induced end organ damage.
The chemistry of o-phenylene di-isothiocyanate. Part 1. Some reactions with N-nucleophiles (1980)

Reactions of o-phenylene di-isothiocyanate are described with a variety of nitrogen nucleophiles. Primary and secondary amines and also substituted hydrazines give 1 :1 reaction products, 1-substituted thiocarbamoyl benzimidazoline-2-thiones. Hydrazine gives a 2 : 1 reaction product, to be regarded as a hydrazine salt. The products from primary amines are relatively unstable, yielding isothiocyanates and benzimidazoline-2-thione. Some Schiff bases and derivatives of isoquinoline give rise to thiadiazinobenzimidazoles.
Using the Ubiquitin-modified Proteome to Monitor Protein Homeostasis Function (2013)

The ubiquitin system is essential for the maintenance of proper protein homeostasis function across eukaryotic species. Although the general enzymatic architecture for adding and removing ubiquitin from substrates is well defined, methods for the comprehensive investigation of cellular ubiquitylation targets have just started to emerge. Recent advances in ubiquitin-modified peptide enrichment have greatly increased the number of identified endogenous ubiquitylation targets, as well as the number of sites of ubiquitin attachment within these substrates. Herein we evaluate current strategies using mass-spectrometry-based proteomics to characterize ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like modifications. Using existing data, we describe the characteristics of the ubiquitin-modified proteome and discuss strategies for the biological interpretation of existing and future ubiquitin-based proteomic studies.
Lithium Insertion into Anatase Nanotubes (2012)

Anatase nanotubes were synthesized by a hydrothermal route and characterized by FE-SEM, TEM, XRD, and N2 adsorption. The optimized synthesis route permits careful control of the crystal structure and morphology of the final product, thus giving the highest phase and morphological purities (>90%) of any anatase nanotubes reported to date. The anatase nanotubes were tested in lithium cells at various current rates and their performances compared with bulk and nanoparticulate anatase. The Li uptake of the nanotubes in lithium cells reaches 0.98 per formula unit. Moreover the nanotubes show better reversibility and cyclability compared to both bulk and nanoparticulate anatase. The excellent rate performance is comparable with the best literature values reported for mesostructured anatase nanopowders. By combining experimental data from neutron diffraction and Raman microscopy the lithium insertion mechanism into the anatase nanotubes was investigated. Ex situ neutron diffraction experiments were carried out on pristine, partially lithiated, and fully lithiated anatase nanotubes. In parallel, the structural changes associated with electrochemical lithium insertion were investigated by in situ Raman microscopy. This analysis suggests a Li-poor tetragonal/orthorhombic/Li-rich tetragonal double phase transition mechanism analogous to that previously observed by Wagemaker et al. for anatase nanoparticles smaller than 7 nm.
ASPECTS OF PRECISION TIMING SYSTEMS, (1969)

Various factors that are pertinent to the implementation and operation of precision timing systems are identified and evaluated. These factors include basic concepts associated with timekeeping, time scales, stable clocks and establishment and maintenance of time synchronization between remotely located clocks. As an example of the application of these factors, the precision timing system recently implemented in the United States Air Force (USAF) Satellite Control Facility (SCF) is described. (Author)
Molecular cloning of a rat <i>κ</i> opioid receptor reveals sequence similarities to the <i>μ</i> and <i>δ</i> opioid receptors (1993)

By screening a rat brain cDNA library using a cloned mu opioid receptor cDNA as probe, a clone was identified that is very similar to both the mu and delta opioid receptor sequences. Transient expression of this clone in COS-7 cells showed that it encodes a kappa opioid receptor, designated KOR-1, which is capable of high-affinity binding to kappa-selective ligands. Treatment of transfected cell membranes with bremazocine, a kappa-selective agonist, resulted in a 53% decrease in adenylate cyclase activity, indicating that this kappa opioid receptor displays inhibitory coupling to adenylate cyclase. Thus, one member from each of the three opioid receptor types, mu, kappa and delta, has been molecularly cloned. Analysis of sequence similarities among these opioid receptors, as well as between opioid receptors and other G-protein-coupled receptors, revealed regions of sequence conservation that may underlie the ligand-binding and functional specificities of opioid receptors.
Stereoselective Cyclization Reactions of IBX-Generated Alkoxyamidyl Radicals (2005)

In this paper, a method for the generation of alkoxyamidyl radicals is presented. These N-centered radicals can efficiently be formed starting from the corresponding acylated alkoxyamines using IBX as an oxidant. Stereoselective 5-exo and 6-exo reactions with these N-heteroatom-centered radicals leading to isoxazolidines and [1,2]oxazinanes are discussed. The N-O bond in the heterocycles can readily be cleaved with SmI(2) to provide N-acylated 1,3-amino alcohols.
THE SURVEY OF INDIA HEIGHT INDICATOR (1935)

The Handbook of the Survey of India appears to be the only textbook on Topographic Surveying which describes this very useful accessory to the plane-table for fixing heights or sketching contours; a brief description and illustration of the indicator may therefore be of use to topographical surveyors.
Recent Trends in Breast Cancer Among Younger Women in the United States (2008)

Increases in the incidence of postmenopausal breast cancers have been linked to screening and menopausal hormone use, but younger women have received less attention. Thus, we analyzed trends in breast cancer incidence (N = 387 231) using the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program 13-Registry database (1992-2004). Whites had higher incidence rates than blacks after age 40 years, but the reverse was true among younger women (black-white crossover). Among younger women, the rate per 100,000 woman-years was 16.8 for black vs 15.1 for white women; the highest black-white incidence rate ratio (IRR) was seen among women younger than 30 years (IRR = 1.52, 95% confidence interval = 1.34 to 1.73). This risk pattern was not observed in other ethnic groups. The black-white crossover among younger women was largely restricted to breast cancers with favorable tumor characteristics. The annual percentage change in the incidence of invasive breast cancers decreased modestly among older women but increased among younger (<40 years) white women. Continued surveillance of trends is needed, particularly for molecular subtypes that preferentially occur among young women.