gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear absorption in silicon and the prospects of mid‐infrared silicon Raman lasers (2006)

Abstract We present the first experimental results of nonlinear absorption in silicon at the mid infrared wavelengths. Nonlinear losses due to two‐photon and free‐carrier absorption that are found to degrade near infrared silicon Raman devices become negligible at photon energies less than half the bandgap (i.e., λ > 2.2 µm in wavelength). Moreover, the low loss window for linear absorption in silicon extends from 1.2 to 6.5 µm. These factors along with the excellent thermal conductivity and high optical damage threshold renders silicon an ideal material for building Raman lasers and amplifiers that operate in the mid infrared wavelengths. This new technology will expand the application space of silicon photonics beyond data communication and into biochemical sensing, laser medicine, and LIDAR. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Systematic temperature sensor allocation and placement for microprocessors (2006)

Modern high performance processors employ advanced techniques for thermal management, which rely on accurate readings of on-die thermal sensors. As the importance of thermal effects on reliability and performance of integrated circuits increases careful planning and embedding of thermal monitoring mechanisms into these systems will be crucial. Systematic tools for analysis of thermal behavior and determination of best allocation and placement of thermal sensing elements is therefore a highly relevant problem. In this paper, we propose novel optimization techniques for determining the optimal locations and allocations for thermal sensors to provide a high fidelity thermal profile of a complex microprocessor system. Our algorithm identifies an optimal physical location for each sensor such that the sensor's the attraction towards steep thermal gradient is maximized. We also present a hybrid allocation and placement strategy showing the trade-offs associated with number of sensors used and expected accuracy. Our results show that our tool is able to create a sensor distribution for a given microprocessor architecture providing thermal measurements with maximum error of 3.18°C and average maximum error of 1.63°C across a wide set of applications.
Common SNP in <i>pre-miR-146a</i> decreases mature miR expression and predisposes to papillary thyroid carcinoma (2008)

Although papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) displays strong heritability, no predisposing germ-line mutations have been found. We show that a common G/C polymorphism (rs2910164) within the pre-miR-146a sequence reduced the amount of pre- and mature miR-146a from the C allele 1.9- and 1.8-fold, respectively, compared with the G allele. This is matched by a similar decrease in the amount of each pre-miR generated from the corresponding pri-miR-146a in an in vitro processing reaction. The C allele also interfered with the binding of a nuclear factor to pre-miR-146a. The reduction in miR-146a led to less efficient inhibition of target genes involved in the Toll-like receptor and cytokine signaling pathway (TRAF6, IRAK1), and PTC1 (also known as CCDC6 or H4), a gene frequently rearranged with RET proto-oncogene in PTC. In an association study of 608 PTC patients and 901 controls, we found marked differences in genotype distribution of rs2910164 (P = 0.000002), the GC heterozygous state being associated with an increased risk of acquiring PTC (odds ratio = 1.62, P = 0.000007), and both homozygous states protective with odds ratio = 0.42 for the CC genotype (P = 0.003) and odds ratio = 0.69 for the GG genotype (P = 0.0006). Moreover, 4.7% of tumors had undergone somatic mutations of the SNP sequence. Thus, our data suggest that a common polymorphism in pre-miR-146a affects the miR expression, contributes to the genetic predisposition to PTC, and plays a role in the tumorigenesis through somatic mutation. Preliminary evidence suggests that these effects are mediated through target genes whose expression is affected by the SNP status.
Virtual try-on of footwear in augmented reality using RGB-D cameras (2015)

This paper presents a novel system for personalized design of footwear using commercial depth-sensing technologies. The system allows users to virtually try on 3D shoe models in a live video stream. A two-stage object tracking algorithm was developed to correctly align shoe models to moving feet during the try-on process. Tracking was driven by an iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm that superimposed the captured depth data and predefined reference foot models. Test data showed that the two-stage approach produced increased positional accuracy compared with tracking using only surface registration. Trimming the reference model using the instant view angle improved the computational efficiency of the ICP algorithm. The developed virtual try-on function is an effective tool for realizing human-centered design. This study also showed a new application of RGB-D Cameras to product design.
The Ron/STK receptor tyrosine kinase is essential for peri-implantation development in the mouse (1999)

The Ron/STK receptor tyrosine kinase is a member of the c-Met family of receptors and is activated by hepatocyte growth factor-like protein (HGFL). Ron activation results in a variety of cellular responses in vitro, such as activation of macrophages, proliferation, migration, and invasion, suggesting a broad biologic role in vivo. Nevertheless, HGFL-deficient mice grow to adulthood with few appreciable phenotypic abnormalities. We report here that in striking contrast to the loss of its only known ligand, complete loss of Ron leads to early embryonic death. Embryos that are devoid of Ron (Ron-/-) are viable through the blastocyst stage of development but fail to survive past the peri-implantation period. In situ hybridization analysis demonstrates that Ron is expressed in the trophectoderm at embryonic day (E) 3.5 and is maintained in extraembryonic tissue through E7.5, compatible with an essential function at this stage of development. Hemizygous mice (Ron+/-) grow to adulthood; however, these mice are highly susceptible to endotoxic shock and appear to be compromised in their ability to downregulate nitric oxide production. These results demonstrate a novel role for Ron in early mouse development and suggest that Ron plays a limiting role in the inflammatory response.
PCLR: Phase‐constrained low‐rank model for compressive diffusion‐weighted MRI (2013)

The PCLR is developed and demonstrated for compressive DW MRI. A four-fold reduction in k-space sampling could be readily achieved without substantial degradation of reconstructed images and diffusion tensor measures, making it possible to significantly reduce the data acquisition in DW MRI and/or improve spatial and angular resolutions.
A Logarithmic Voltage Quantizer (1955)

This paper describes an analog to digital converter which converts voltage into a number which is proportional to the logarithm of the voltage. The device is completely automatic. It can handle input data at the rate of 10,000 voltage samples per second. The accuracy of conversion or quantization is determined by the designer's selection of the circuit parameters. The Radiation Laboratory quantizer has a maximum quantization error of 5 per cent. Samples of duration greater than .5 microsecond can be quantized.
Transparent ROP exploit mitigation using indirect branch tracing (2013)

Return-oriented programming (ROP) has become the primary exploitation technique for system compromise in the presence of non-executable page protections. ROP exploits are facilitated mainly by the lack of complete address space randomization coverage or the presence of memory disclosure vulnerabilities, necessitating additional ROP-specific mitigations.

In this paper we present a practical runtime ROP exploit prevention technique for the protection of third-party applications. Our approach is based on the detection of abnormal control transfers that take place during ROP code execution. This is achieved using hardware features of commodity processors, which incur negligible runtime overhead and allow for completely transparent operation without requiring any modifications to the protected applications. Our implementation for Windows 7, named kBouncer, can be selectively enabled for installed programs in the same fashion as user-friendly mitigation toolkits like Microsoft's EMET. The results of our evaluation demonstrate that kBouncer has low runtime overhead of up to 4%, when stressed with specially crafted workloads that continuously trigger its core detection component, while it has negligible overhead for actual user applications. In our experiments with in-the-wild ROP exploits, kBouncer successfully protected all tested applications, including Internet Explorer, Adobe Flash Player, and Adobe Reader.
In-vitro effect of oncostatin M on the release by endothelial cells of von Willebrand factor, tissue-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (1998)

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that levels of plasma fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor (vWf), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) are associated with the incidence of vascular disease. Since oncostatin M dramatically induces fibrinogen biosynthesis by hepatocytes and could be implicated in vascular injury leading to atherosclerosis, we have analyzed the effect of oncostatin M on PAI-1, vWf and tPA secretion by endothelial cells. A 2-h incubation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells with oncostatin M increases thrombin-induced secretion of vWf to the same extent as tumour necrosis factor-alpha or interleukin-1 (137+/-26% of control for 5 ng/ml oncostatin M, P < 0.001, n=5). The effects on tPA and PAI-1 secretion were different depending on the type of endothelial cells tested. On human umbilical vein endothelial cells, oncostatin M induced an increase in PAI-1 and a decrease in tPA secretion, which could explain the thrombogenicity of oncostatin M on large vessels. On a human microvasculature endothelial cell line, oncostatin M did not modify PAI-1 but induced an increase in tPA secretion. This observation of the effects of oncostatin M on both macro- and microvasculature could explain the increased levels of vWf, PAI-1 and tPA in the plasma of atherosclerotic subjects identified in epidemiological studies, suggesting that oncostatin M could play a key role in the development of atherosclerotic lesions.
Plasticized microporous poly(vinylidene fluoride) separators for lithium‐ion batteries. I. Swelling behavior of dense membranes with respect to a liquid electrolyte—Characterization of the swelling equilibrium (2003)

Abstract Some poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF) microporous separators for lithium‐ion batteries, used in liquid organic electrolytes based on a mixture of carbonate solvents and lithium salt LiPF 6 , were characterized by the study of the swelling phenomena on dense PVdF membranes. We were interested in the evolution of the swelling ratios with respect to different parameters, such as the temperature, swelling solution composition, and salt concentration. To understand PVdF behavior in microporous membranes and, therefore, to have a means of predicting its behavior with different solvent mixtures, we correlated the swelling ratios in pure solvents and in solvent mixtures to the solvent–polymer interaction parameters and solvent–solvent interaction parameters. We attempted a parametric identification of swelling curves with a very simple Flory–Huggins model with relative success. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 532–543, 2004
An oscillatory dynamic mode for a watt balance (2009)

A watt balance relates mechanical power to electrical power by comparing the gravitational force on a mass with the electromagnetic force on a current-carrying coil in a magnetic field. It is one of the favoured approaches to replacing the present artefact kilogram as it will allow the kilogram to be redefined in terms of the Planck constant. In this paper, we propose an oscillatory approach to the dynamic or moving mode of a watt balance experiment as an alternative to the traditional constant velocity approach. Features of an oscillatory dynamic mode include frequency selection and Fourier analysis to reduce noise due to vibration, the option of larger coil velocities (above 2 mm s−1) and smaller coil movement amplitudes (of order ±1 mm) than the constant velocity approach, and direct measurement at the weighing position of the factor γ relating coil current to the gravitational force on the mass. An oscillatory dynamic mode can be used with some of the existing watt balance experiments with the potential to measure γ faster and more precisely than the constant velocity approach.
Tensor field networks: Rotation- and translation-equivariant neural networks for 3D point clouds (2018)

We introduce tensor field neural networks, which are locally equivariant to 3D rotations, translations, and permutations of points at every layer. 3D rotation equivariance removes the need for data augmentation to identify features in arbitrary orientations. Our network uses filters built from spherical harmonics; due to the mathematical consequences of this filter choice, each layer accepts as input (and guarantees as output) scalars, vectors, and higher-order tensors, in the geometric sense of these terms. We demonstrate the capabilities of tensor field networks with tasks in geometry, physics, and chemistry.
A Chinese text-to-speech system based on part-of-speech analysis, prosodic modeling and non-uniform units (2002)

This paper presents a new Chinese text-to-speech system that produces very natural and intelligible synthetic Mandarin speech based on part-of-speech analysis, prosodic modeling and non-uniform units. The distinguishing features and key technology for the system can be summarized as follows. (1) A text analysis module for word identification and tagging was developed based on part-of-speech modeling and using heuristic rules to achieve very high accuracy. (2) The required prosodic parameters for the synthetic speech are derived from a two-stage procedure. The prosodic structures of the input texts are first derived from a statistical model trained by a large speech database, and the prosodic parameters are then determined according to the structures. (3) A specially designed speech segments inventory constructed with non-uniform and pitch dependent units is used to improve the fluency and intelligibility of the system.
Elaiomycin.<sup>1</sup> An Aliphatic α,β-Unsaturated Azoxy Compound (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElaiomycin.1 An Aliphatic α,β-Unsaturated Azoxy CompoundCalvin L. Stevens, Bernard T. Gillis, James C. French, and Theodore H. HaskellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 22, 6088–6092Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01555a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01555a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views134Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preparation of Isoselenocyanate and Synthesis of Carbodiimide by Oxidation of Selenourea (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTPreparation of Isoselenocyanate and Synthesis of Carbodiimide by Oxidation of SelenoureaMamoru Koketsu, Norihito Suzuki, and Hideharu IshiharaView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 17, 6473–6475Publication Date (Web):July 23, 1999Publication History Received20 January 1999Published online23 July 1999Published inissue 1 August 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo990096jhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo990096jbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1039Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Amines,Oxidation,Oxides,Solutions,Urea Get e-Alerts
Angiotensin II Inactivation Process in Cultured Mouse Spinal Cord Cells (1987)

The pattern of hydrolysis of [3H]angiotensin II ( [3H]AII; 20 nM) by intact cells was studied on cultured mouse spinal cord cells. Degradation products were identified by HPLC analysis after incubation for 2 h at 37 degrees C. In the absence of peptidase inhibitors, 70% of [3H]AII was degraded, and the main labeled metabolite was [3H]tyrosine (40% of total radioactivity). Minor quantities of [3H]AII1-5 and [3H]AII4-8 were formed. Results obtained in the presence of various inhibitors indicate that several enzymes were involved in the AII-hydrolyzing process. Dipeptidyl aminopeptidase III (EC 3.4.14.4) could play a critical role, as suggested by the formation of [3H]Val3-Tyr4 and [3H]-Tyr4-Ile5 in the presence of bestatin (2 X 10(-5) M). This hypothesis was confirmed by the potency of dipeptidyl amino-peptidase III inhibitors to inhibit both [3H]AII hydrolysis and formation of these 3H-labeled dipeptides. An arylamidase-like activity could also be participating in [3H]AII hydrolysis, because higher concentrations of bestatin (10(-4) M) in association with dipeptidyl aminopeptidase III inhibitors totally inhibited [3H]tyrosine formation, increased protection of [3H]AII and [3H]AII1-7 formed, and provoked a slight accumulation of [3H]AII2-8. These results suggest that the formation of [3H]AII2-8 is due to the action of a bestatin-insensitive acidic aminopeptidase and that the Pro7-Phe8 cleavage is also a step of AII hydrolysis, resulting from the action of an unidentified peptidase different from prolyl endopeptidase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Authenticated Algorithms for Byzantine Agreement (1983)

Reaching agreement in a distributed system in the presence of faulty processors is a central issue for reliable computer systems. Using an authentication protocol, one can limit the undetected behavior of faulty processors to a simple failure to relay messages to all intended targets. In this paper we show that, in spite of such an ability to limit faulty behavior, and no matter what message types or protocols are allowed, reaching (Byzantine) agreement requires at least $t + 1$ phases or rounds of information exchange, where t is an upper bound on the number of faulty processors. We present algorithms for reaching agreement based on authentication that require a total number of messages sent by correctly operating processors that is polynomial in both t and the number of processors, n. The best algorithm uses only $t + 1$ phases and $O(nt)$ messages.
A scattering phase function for blood with physiological haematocrit (2001)

Though the optics of red blood cells as well as whole blood has been studied extensively, an effective scattering phase function for whole blood is still needed. The interference of waves scattered by neighbouring cells cannot be neglected in highly concentrated suspensions such as whole blood. As a result, the phase function valid for single erythrocytes may fail to describe a single scattering process in whole blood with physiological haematocrit (Hct approximately 0.4). In this study we compared the results obtained in goniophotometric measurements of blood samples with the results of angle-resolved Monte Carlo simulations. The results show that a Henyey-Greenstein phase function with an anisotropy factor of 0.972 is an adequate approximation for the effective scattering phase function of whole blood with high haematocrit at a wavelength of 514 nm.
지질학적 선구조 분석을 위한 SAR 영상에서의 방향편차에 대한 정량적 분석 (2000)

SAR 영상에 나타나는 지질학적 선구조는 안테나의 관측방향에 따라 증가 혹은 감소하여 나타난다. 본 연구에서는 지질학적 선구조 추출시 관측방향에 따라 발생하는 방향편차를 정량적으로 분석하였다. SAR 영상에 나타나는 방향편차의 정량적인 분석을 위해 Landsat TM 영상과 JERS-1 SAR 영상에서 각각 선구조를 추출하였으며 기본 선구조의 판단을 위해 TM 영상에서 추출된 선구조와 야외 조사자료 및 지질도상에 나타나는 단층선과의 연관성 분석을 실시하였다. 연구지역내의 SAR 영상에 나타나는 선구조는 관측방향에 평행할 때 최소를, 수직일 때 최대를 보이나 관측방향에 평행한 선구조일지라도 지형적인 특성에 따라 어느 정도 선구조의 추출이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. SAR 영상에 나타나는 선구조의 상대적 증감비율에 대한 분석 결과 길이는 33%~159%, 빈도수는 28%~187%의 증감을 보였으며 방향별 증감비율을 cosine 함수로 최적화하여 표현한 경우 관측방향에 수직인 방향을 기준으로 약 ±50˚이내 방향에서 TM에 비해 SAR 영상에서의 선구조 추출이 용이한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 길이가 짧은 선구조의 추출 여부는 관측방향에 따라 더 많은 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.
Reflections on how designers design with data (2014)

In recent years many popular data visualizations have emerged that are created largely by designers whose main area of expertise is not computer science. Designers generate these visualizations using a handful of design tools and environments. To better inform the development of tools intended for designers working with data, we set out to understand designers' challenges and perspectives. We interviewed professional designers, conducted observations of designers working with data in the lab, and observed designers working with data in team settings in the wild. A set of patterns emerged from these observations from which we extract a number of themes that provide a new perspective on design considerations for visualization tool creators, as well as on known engineering problems.
Energy-efficient area monitoring for sensor networks (2004)

The nodes in sensor networks must self-organize to monitor the target area as long as possible. Researchers at the Fundamental Computer Science Laboratory of Lille are developing strategies for selecting and updating an energy-efficient connected active sensor set that extends the network lifetime. We report on their work to optimize energy consumption in three separate problems: area coverage, request spreading, and data aggregation.