gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cyclophosphamide metabolites and their related compounds. 2. Preparation of an active species of cyclophosphamide and related compounds (1975)

A synthetic study was made on the active metabolite of cyclophosphamide. Ozonolysis of O-(3 butenyl)-N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)phosphorodiamidate, prepared by reaction of POC13 with 3-buten-1-ol followed by treatment with N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)amine (nor mustard) and NH3, afforded 2-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]-4-hydroperoxytetrahydro-2H-1, 3,2-oxazaphosphorine 2-oxide (4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide). Deoxygenation of 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide by triphenylphosphine yielded 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide in a pure crystalline state. These products exhibited high cytostatic activity in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. The results give confirmatory evidence for the hypothesis that C4-hydroxylation on the 1,3,2-oxazaphosphorinane ring of cyclophosphamide is necessary for its activation.
Shape-controlled synthesis of polyhedral 50-facet Cu2O microcrystals with high-index facets (2012)

Perfect polyhedral 50-facet Cu2O microcrystals enclosed by high ratio exposed high-index {211}, {522} or {311} facets were successfully synthesized by a facile wet-chemical route under mild temperature and normal pressure. The morphological evolution of 50-facet Cu2O polyhedra was studied carefully and in detail by adjusting reaction parameters such as reaction temperature, reaction time, the concentration and type of alkali metal hydroxides and copper salts, and the amount of the reduction agent glucose. On the basis of these results, a formation mechanism of these polyhedra was tentatively proposed. As compared with Cu2O cubes and octahedra with low-index {100} and {111} facets, respectively, the as-prepared 50-facet Cu2O polyhedra showed higher photocatalytic activities towards the decomposition of the organic dye methyl orange due to more catalytic active sites being held in the high-index facets.
Norwalk Virus Nonstructural Protein p48 Forms a Complex with the SNARE Regulator VAP-A and Prevents Cell Surface Expression of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus G Protein (2003)

Norwalk virus (NV), a reference strain of human calicivirus in the Norovirus genus of the family Caliciviridae, contains a positive-strand RNA genome with three open reading frames. ORF1 encodes a 1,789-amino-acid polyprotein that is processed into nonstructural proteins that include an NTPase, VPg, protease, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The N-terminal protein p48 of ORF1 shows no significant sequence similarity to viral or cellular proteins, and its function in the human calicivirus replication cycle is not known. The lack of sequence similarity to any protein in the public databases suggested that p48 may have a unique function in the NV replication cycle or, alternatively, may perform a characterized function in replication by a unique mechanism. In this report, it is shown that p48 displays a vesicular localization pattern in transfected cells when fused to the fluorescent reporter EYFP. A predicted transmembrane domain at the C terminus of p48 was not necessary for the observed localization pattern, but this domain was sufficient to redirect localization of EYFP to a fluorescent pattern consistent with the Golgi apparatus. A yeast two-hybrid screen identified the SNARE regulator vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein A (VAP-A) as a binding partner of p48. Biochemical assays confirmed that p48 and VAP-A interact and form a stable complex in mammalian cells. Furthermore, expression of the vesicular stomatitis virus G glcyoprotein on the cell surface was inhibited when cells coexpressed p48, suggesting that p48 disrupts intracellular protein trafficking.
Call for papers (1980)

Provides an overview of the technical articles and features presented in this issue.
Seven-hole cone probes for high angle flow measurement Theory and calibration (1983)

A non-nulling seven-hole conical pressure probe capable of measuring flow conditions at angles up to 75 deg relative to its axis is described. The theoretical rationale of the seven-hole probe is developed and the calibration procedure outlined. Three-variable third-order polynomial functions are used to represent local values of relative flow angles, total pressure, and total minus static pressure. These flow properties are determined explicitly from measured probe pressures. Flow angles are determined within 2.5 deg and Mach number within 0.05 with 95% certainty. The probe can be used in subsonic compressible and incompressible flows.
Analysis of ultraviolet photoconductivity in ZnO films prepared by unbalanced magnetron sputtering (2003)

Photoresponse characteristics of polycrystalline ZnO films prepared by the unbalanced magnetron sputtering technique have been analyzed for ultraviolet photodetector applications. Changes in the crystallographic orientation and the microstructure of the films due to in situ bombardment effects during film growth have been studied. Variations in photoresponse are correlated with the observed changes in the optical properties and the defect concentration in the films. ZnO films with (100) and (101) orientation possessing a small grain size exhibited a slow response with a rise time=1.99 s, whereas porous ZnO films with a mixed orientation (100), (002), and (101) and a larger grain size exhibited a fast response speed with a rise time=792 ms. The influence of trap levels on the slow and fast rising components of the photoresponse characteristics and the origin for a fast and a stable response have been identified. A slow rise in the photocurrent directly relates to the adsorption and desorption of oxygen on the film surface, and the fast rise is due to a bulk-related phenomena involving embedded oxygen. The magnitude of the photocurrent and the rise time are found to decrease considerably with increasing number of trap levels.
Formation and suppression of hydrogen blisters in tunnelling oxide passivating contact for crystalline silicon solar cells (2020)

The formation of hydrogen blisters in the fabrication of tunnelling oxide passivating contact (TOPCon) solar cells critically degrades passivation. In this study, we investigated the formation mechanism of blisters during the fabrication of TOPCons for crystalline silicon solar cells and the suppression of such blisters. We tested the effects of annealing temperature and duration, surface roughness, and deposition temperature on the blister formation, which was suppressed in two ways. First, TOPCon fabrication on a rough surface enhanced adhesion force, resulting in reduced blister formation after thermal annealing. Second, deposition or annealing at higher temperatures resulted in the reduction of hydrogen in the film. A sample fabricated through low-pressure chemical vapor deposition at 580 °C was free from silicon-hydrogen bonds and blisters after the TOPCon structure was annealed. Remarkably, samples after plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition at 300, 370, and 450 °C were already blistered in the as-deposited state, despite low hydrogen contents. Analysis of the hydrogen incorporation, microstructure, and deposition mechanism indicate that in plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) deposition, although the increase of substrate temperature reduces the hydrogen content, it risks the increase of porosity and molecular-hydrogen trapping, resulting in even more severe blistering.
Production of collagenase and prostaglandins by isolated adherent rheumatoid synovial cells. (1976)

We have studied cells dispersed with proteolytic enzymes from rheumatoid arthritic synovectomy specimens to determine the cell type(s) responsible for joint destruction. Initially 10-50% of these cells adhered to culture dishes within 24 hr and were of two main types: small, round cells and larger, stellate cells. During 1-4 days of culture, 5-25% had Fc receptors and 25-50% showed brisk phagocytosis. Daily producition, per 10(6) cells of collagenase (EC 3.4.24.3) (after trypsin pretreatment) was up to 70 mug of collagen fibrils lysed per min at 37 degrees (70 units), of prostaglandin (PGE2), up to about 1200 ng, and of lysozyme, up to about 100 mug. Under identical conditions of assay, fibroblasts grown from explants of synovium produced no detectable collagenase or lysozyme, and PGE2 was only 2-4 ng. With the dispersed cell preparations, macrophage markers (Fc receptors and lysozyme) were undetectable after 4 days and PGE2 decreased rapidly after about 7 more days. However, collagenase production continued for 3-25 weeks, and in some cultures, after cell passage. At these later stages, large, slow-growing stellate cells were predominant and could phagocytose carbon particles if incubated for greater than 6-8 hr. Indomethacin (14 muM) inhibited PGE2 but stimulated collagenase production whereas dexamethasone (10 nM) inhibited both. Production of PGE2 and collagenase in large amounts in vitro by these cells suggests that they may be involved in joint destruction in vivo. The precise origin of these synovial cells and the mechanisms responsible for the sustained production of collagenase at a high rate remain unidentified.
Evaluation of alignment accuracy on chip-to-wafer self-assembly and mechanism on the direct chip bonding at room temperature (2010)

Chip-to-wafer bonding is a promising technology for 3D integration due to high production yield using known good dies (KGDs). However, conventional chip-to-wafer 3D integration lowers production throughput because pick-and-place chip assembly is employed. To overcome the problem, we proposed a new chip-to-wafer 3D integration using self-assembly by which many KGDs can be simultaneously, rapidly, and precisely aligned and tightly bonded on wafers. The driving force is liquid surface tension. Here, we used an aqueous solution including dilute HF. In this paper, we discuss the dependence of alignment accuracy on several parameters in self-assembly conditions. In addition, we describe mechanism on HF-assisted direct chip bonding to wafers without thermal compression.
A New Method for Precipitation of Various Glucosides with Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferase (1993)

Journal Article A New Method for Precipitation of Various Glucosides with Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferase Get access Takashi Kometani, Takashi Kometani Biochemical Research Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., Utajima 4–6–5, Nishiyodogawa, Osaka 555, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hidenori Tanimoto, Hidenori Tanimoto Biochemical Research Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., Utajima 4–6–5, Nishiyodogawa, Osaka 555, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Takahisa Nishimura, Takahisa Nishimura Biochemical Research Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., Utajima 4–6–5, Nishiyodogawa, Osaka 555, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shigetaka Okada Shigetaka Okada Biochemical Research Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., Utajima 4–6–5, Nishiyodogawa, Osaka 555, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, Volume 57, Issue 7, 1 January 1993, Pages 1185–1187, https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.57.1185 Published: 01 January 1993 Article history Received: 22 October 1992 Published: 01 January 1993
Diamond-turned lacquer-coated soft x-ray telescope mirrors (1988)

X-ray astronomy has reached sufficient maturity to demand at least moderate angular resolution lightgathering telescopes to accompany detector development. Keeping the cost of such telescopes within the budget of low-cost flight opportunities such as sounding rockets and SPARTAN missions is a substantial challenge. We have developed a program of precision diamond mirror turning, mechanical polishing, lacquer coating, and metal deposition which produces x-ray telescopes with minute of arc angular resolution at moderate cost. We describe the process and report calibration results for a 80 cm (31.4 in.) diam Wolter I telescope flown aboard an Aries sounding rocket.
BINAP/AgOTf/KF/18-Crown-6 as New Bifunctional Catalysts for Asymmetric Sakurai−Hosomi Allylation and Mukaiyama Aldol Reaction (2003)

A catalytic amount of KF.18-crown-6 complex is effective as a soluble fluoride source to activate an asymmetric Sakurai-Hosomi allylation with BINAP and silver(I) triflate catalyst. The allylation of a variety of aromatic, alpha,beta-unsaturated and aliphatic aldehydes with allylic trimethoxysilane resulted in high yields and remarkable enantioselectivities. In addition, the asymmetric Mukaiyama-type aldol reaction is achieved by using trimethoxysilyl enol ethers in the presence of the same catalysts. High anti selectivity is obtained from E-silyl enol ether, while Z-silyl enol ether gives syn selectivity.
A new comprehensive SRAM soft-effor simulation based on 3D device simulation incorporating neutron nuclear reactions (2003)

A new SRAM soft-error simulation tool has been developed and its accuracy was evaluated through both acceleration tests for /spl alpha/-particles and energetic neutron beam irradiations. This simulation was able to reproduce the measurement data for the soft-error rate of a 0.15-/spl mu/m SRAM (test-chip) within a factor of two, including the power supply voltage dependency. The simulation system consists of several sub-parts, and features a new data-set for neutron/silicon-atom nuclear reactions and the use of a three-dimensional device simulator for calculating precise charge collection amounts. This accurate simulation can be used for quantitative evaluation of competing effects by means of reduced critical charges and cell-area reduction, and have applications in developing future SRAM technology.
H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/Nitrite‐Induced Post‐translational Modifications of Human Hemoglobin Determined by Mass Spectrometry: Redox Regulation of Tyrosine Nitration and 3‐Nitrotyrosine Reduction by Antioxidants (2007)

Covalent modifications of proteins by endogenous reactive nitrogen oxide species lead to cytotoxic effects that are implicated in diseases associated with chronic infections and inflammation. Tyrosine nitration is a major post-translational modification of proteins by reactive nitrogen oxide species. Recent studies suggest that nitrotyrosine is not a permanent protein modification. We previously demonstrated that lipoyl dehydrogenase is capable of converting 3-nitrotyrosine into 3-aminotyrosine in the presence of certain reducing agents. In this study, we compared the abilities of various hemoproteins, hemin, and the cobalt-containing cofactor cyanocobalamin to mediate H(2)O(2)/nitrite-dependent tyrosine nitration and found that these hemoproteins and metal-containing cofactors also catalyzed the reduction of 3-nitrotyrosine to various extents in the presence of thiol reducing agents or ascorbate. The H(2)O(2)/nitrite-induced post-translational modifications of human hemoglobin identified by nanoLC/nanospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric analysis of the tryptic digest include nitration of tyrosine and tryptophan, as well as oxidation of methionine and cysteine residues. Nitration of human hemoglobin by H(2)O(2)/nitrite was detected on Tyr24 and Tyr42 (alpha-chain) and on Tyr130 and Trp15 (beta-chain) in the alphabeta-dimer. Oxidation of methionine and cysteine residues was also observed. Furthermore, hemoglobin also catalyzed nitro reduction of 3-nitrotyrosine to form 3-aminotyrosine, at Tyr24 in the alpha-chain peptide of human Hb in the presence of ascorbate. The enhanced peroxidase activity of nitrated hemoglobin can be reversed by the antioxidant ascorbate. These results suggest a possible in vivo pathway for hemoglobin contributing to denitration of nitrated proteins through redox regulation.
Efficient Synthesis of 4-Aminoquinazoline and Thieno[3,2-<i>d</i>]pyrimidin-4-ylamine Derivatives by Microwave Irradiation (2004)

[reaction: see text] A simple, efficient, and high-yielding synthesis of quinazolin-4-ylamine and thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-ylamine derivatives is reported under microwave irradiation conditions. Reaction conditions including temperature, solvent, and reaction time have been studied. An efficient parallel workup procedure was developed to generate a small library (23 compounds) in a short time period.
Invited Review. The potential for gene therapy in duchenne muscular dystrophy and other genetic muscle diseases (1993)

Dystrophin cDNAs have been introduced into skeletal muscle fibers of dystrophin-deficient mice (mdx) through direct DNA injection in plasmid expression vectors and by replication-defective recombinant adenovirus vectors. The introduced genes appear to protect those muscle fibers from necrosis in which they become expressed. By direct injection of dystrophin cDNA in plasmid expression vector, only 1-2% of adult mdx muscle fibers of the injected muscle expressed dystrophin. On the other hand, by recombinant adenovirus injection into very young mdx muscle, a better efficiency has been reported. We have discussed several putative and proven factors that may contribute to the thus far demonstrated relatively low efficiency of dystrophin gene transfer. These include poor uptake of gene constructs by muscle fibers, degradation of the injected DNA, and poor access of gene constructs to the nuclear compartment. Neutralization or elimination of these factors could improve the efficiency of gene transfer so that it might, in the future, qualify as an effective therapy for DMD and some other genetic diseases of muscle.
DiBa: A Data-Driven Bayesian Algorithm for Sleep Spindle Detection (2011)

Although the spontaneous brain rhythms of sleep have commanded much recent interest, their detection and analysis remains suboptimal. In this paper, we develop a data-driven Bayesian algorithm for sleep spindle detection on the electroencephalography (EEG). The algorithm exploits the Karhunen-Loève transform and Bayesian hypothesis testing to produce the instantaneous probability of a spindle's presence with maximal resolution. In addition to possessing flexibility, transparency, and scalability, this algorithm could perform at levels superior to standard methods for EEG event detection.
Noninvasive biomarkers for the screening of fibrosis, steatosis and steatohepatitis in patients with metabolic risk factors: FibroTest-FibroMax experience. (2008)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by hepatic steatosis occurring in those who do not consume high amounts of alcohol. The prevalence of NAFLD is high in the general population with metabolic risk factors and insulin resistance being mainly associated with overweight, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and hypertension [1, 2]. Two histological patterns of NAFLD have been described: fatty liver alone and, in a minority of patients, necroinflammatory form of NAFLD known as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) that may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma [1]. Although confirmation of the diagnosis of NAFLD can be achieved by imaging methods, they do not provide dataon staging the disease (steatohepatitis and fibrosis), which until recently required a liver biopsy for confirmation. Due to the high prevalence of NAFLD in at risk populations [1], the limitations of biopsy [3, 4] and the developing of reliable noninvasive blood tests [5-8], liver biopsy should no longer be considered mandatory as first-intention screening of liver lesions [9, 10].
Issue #21 - April 11, 1973 (1973)

Apr. 11, 1973. 4 pgs.
Mostly ads and cartoons.
Editorial: Evaluations should be taken seriously.
Residence rates to rise.
Business Manager: Robert Carson
Ads Manager: Sarah Francis
Entertainment Editor: Ricky Ley
Photographers: Dave Fuller
Cartoonist: Sherry Crowe
Sports Editor: Brock Phillips
Features Editor: Paul Weinberg
Production: Sherry Crowe, Paul Dowling, Richard Hunt, Maude Renfrow, Eleanor Paul, Dianne Travell
Retirements are in the air
Belles soeurs superb
Explanation
Have faith
Registration
Scholarships
RSFQ time digitizing system (2001)

We have developed a high-performance time digitizer system using a superconductor technology for high-energy and nuclear physics detector instrumentation, CMOS chip diagnostics, and military applications. The system consists of an 8-channel, RSFQ multi-hit Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) integrated into a single system with a semiconductor VXI interface and control modules. The Digitizer operation and output digital data analysis are performed and fully controlled using custom PC-based LabVIEW/sup TM/ software. This all-digital TDC contains eight 9-hit, 14-bit, 20-GHz TDC channels on a 1 cm /spl times/1 cm chip. The TDC chip is capable of operation in Common Start and Common Stop modes. The VXI digitizer part comprises a 200 MS/s, 8-channel data receiver module, a TDC control module, and a commercial VXI-PCI link. The data receiver module converts data into ECL format. The TDC control module based on Xilinx CPLD technology sorts this data and also controls the superconductive RSFQ chip operation by producing all necessary control and readout signals. We present results of operation and experimental performance evaluation of this system.
The mast cell tumor necrosis factor α response to FimH-expressing<i>Escherichia coli</i>is mediated by the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored molecule CD48 (1999)

Mast cells are well known for their harmful role in IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions, but their physiological role remains a mystery. Several recent studies have reported that mast cells play a critical role in innate immunity in mice by releasing tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) to recruit neutrophils to sites of enterobacterial infection. In some cases, the mast cell TNF-alpha response was triggered when these cells directly bound FimH on the surface of Escherichia coli. We have identified CD48, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored molecule, to be the complementary FimH-binding moiety in rodent mast cell membrane fractions. We showed that (i) pretreatment of mast cell membranes with antibodies to CD48 or phospholipase C inhibited binding of FimH+ E. coli, (ii) FimH+ E. coli but not a FimH- derivative bound isolated CD48 in a mannose-inhibitable manner, (iii) binding of FimH+ bacteria to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was markedly increased when these cells were transfected with CD48 cDNA, and (iv) antibodies to CD48 specifically blocked the mast cell TNF-alpha response to FimH+ E. coli. Thus, CD48 is a functionally relevant microbial receptor on mast cells that plays a role in triggering inflammation.
Randomized Secondary Prevention Trial of Azithromycin in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease (2000)

This study suggests that antibiotic therapy with azithromycin is not associated with marked early reductions (>/=50%) in ischemic events as suggested by an initial published report. However, a clinically worthwhile benefit (ie, 20% to 30%) is still possible, although it may be delayed. Larger (several thousand patient), longer-term (>/=3 to 5 years) antibiotic studies are therefore indicated.