gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of traditional and newly proposed features for recognition of speech under stress (2000)

It is well known that the performance of speech recognition algorithms degrade in the presence of adverse environments where a speaker is under stress, emotion, or Lombard (1911) effect. This study evaluates the effectiveness of traditional features in recognition of speech under stress and formulates new features which are shown to improve stressed speech recognition. The focus is on formulating robust features which are less dependent on the speaking conditions rather than applying compensation or adaptation techniques. The stressed speaking styles considered are simulated angry and loud. Lombard effect speech, and noisy actual stressed speech from the SUSAS database which is available on a CD-ROM through the NATO IST/TG-01 research group and LDC. In addition, this study investigates the immunity of the linear prediction power spectrum and fast Fourier transform power spectrum to the presence of stress. Our results show that unlike fast Fourier transform's (FFT) immunity to noise, the linear prediction power spectrum is more immune than FFT to stress as well as to a combination of a noisy and stressful environment. Finally, the effect of various parameter processing such as fixed versus variable preemphasis, liftering, and fixed versus cepstral mean normalization are studied. Two alternative frequency partitioning methods are proposed and compared with traditional mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) features for stressed speech recognition. It is shown that the alternate filterbank frequency partitions are more effective for recognition of speech under both simulated and actual stressed conditions.
A Demand-Based FTL Scheme Using Dualistic Approach on Data Blocks and Translation Blocks (2011)

Using NAND flash memory as a storage device is in the limelight due to its many attractive features, but it also has vulnerable points. Specifically, as NAND flash memory does not allow the overwrite of data in the same place, it performs out-place-update, which requires the address translation table between logical and physical addresses. Due to the ever growing size of NAND flash memory, keeping the whole address translation table in SRAM is becoming increasingly a serious problem. In this paper, we present three management schemes to reduce the SRAM space in address translation but also guarantee the performance. First, we store data in NAND flash memory by using a page level mapping scheme. A page level mapping scheme allows NAND flash memory to store data in any place, and thus we can improve the storage efficiency. Second, we keep only a small amount of address translation entries in the page address translation cache (PATC) to reduce the size of SRAM. The other address translation entries that are in NAND flash memory will be loaded in SRAM on demand. Furthermore, we manage an address translation table in NAND flash memory by using a hybrid mapping scheme to reduce the size of translation block mapping directory (TBMD). Third, we take advantage of PATC to identify data whether they are hot or cold. By separating hot data from cold data using PATC, we prolong NAND flash memory's lifespan and reduce garbage collection time without any additional cost. Integrating these three schemes leads to the improved read response time compared to the state-of-the-art FTL algorithm, DFTL, by up to 56.9% though it uses only 10% of SRAM. Moreover, if the proposed scheme uses the same amount of SRAM, the response time is improved and the average number of valid pages in a victim block also decreases by up to 67% by efficiently separating hot data from cold data.
Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition of InAlP Using Tertiarybutylphosphine (1991)

The InAlP growth by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using tertiarybutylphosphine is reported for the first time. Films with mirrorlike surface morphology were obtained at 650°C. In comparision with phosphine, tertiarybutylphosphine is more suitable for growth at lower temperature.
Environmental Analysis (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTEnvironmental AnalysisRay E. Clement, Paul W. Yang, and Carolyn J. KoesterView Author Information Laboratory Services Branch, Ontario Ministry of Environment, 125 Resources Road, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada M9P 3V6 Analytical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551 Cite this: Anal. Chem. 1999, 71, 12, 257–292Publication Date (Web):May 13, 1999Publication History Published online13 May 1999Published inissue 1 June 1999https://doi.org/10.1021/a1990012wCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2214Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (278 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Computer simulations,Extraction,Pest control,Soils,Volatile organic compounds Get e-Alerts
Key Management for protection of health care Data of Multi-user using Access control in Cloud Environment (2019)

Storing an organization's database at an external service provider has become extremely common. This popular practice is called as Database Outsourcing, in which, data encryption, crypto key, and access control are very important security issues, especially if the data owner wishes to publish his data for external use. In this paper, implementation & present performance of statistical analysis of approaches for encrypting/decrypting data using FPE, FF1 with less computation and resource time, implementation of access control through selective encryption and providing secure access and sharing services for multi user's data using key distribution in the client side and access control lists is discussed. The primary goal of this paper is no requirement of re-distribution of keys or re-encryption of data for any administrative actions (updating access rights or adding/deleting users).
Unbalanced magnetron ion-assisted deposition and property modification of thin films (1986)

Unbalanced magnetron (UM-gun) sputtering sources with the unique characteristic of a high deposition rate and concomitant high ion flux represent an exciting new development in ion-assisted deposition of thin films. We have used a UM-gun capable of producing ion current densities up to 5 mA cm−2 (ion flux 3×1016 cm−2 s−1) when operated at a power of 500 W to produce a variety of thin films of amorphous and crystalline materials by varying both the bombarding ion energy in the range 2–100 eV and the ion/atom arrival rate ratio in the range 0.4–10. The great flexibility and usefulness of UM-guns is demonstrated with examples which include (a) hard diamondlike a-C films prepared under very low ion energy (13–16 eV) bombardment which possess a metastable bonding configuration consisting of a mixture of tetrahedral and trigonal coordination that varies with ion energy, (b) hard and wear-resistant TiN films whose electrical and optical properties change dramatically with ion bombardment, and (c) Ni/Cr alloy films showing ion-induced structural modifications.
Securing IOT devices using SDN and edge computing (2016)

In the current technological perspective, we are witnessing a tremendous increase in the connection of heterogeneous devices and controlling them remotely. One of the latest technologies enabling this concept is “IoT” (Internet of Things). According to historical evidence, anything which is connected to a network is vulnerable to hacking and illegal monitoring. Since the devices which are being connected would be directly controlling human life, the security of these devices becomes paramount. Especially when IoT is turning “heterogeneous networks” into “super-heterogeneous networks” of intelligent devices, securing it becomes very complex. There are different methods of providing security to a network available today but none is infallible. SDN being an intelligent networking paradigm which can rapidly and automatically reconfigure network devices, reroute traffic and apply authentication and access rules can open up a way for better security and access control mechanisms. In this paper, an attempt has been made to devise a method of providing security to IoT using SDN (Software Defined Network) & Edge Computing.
A Tn3 derivative that can be used to make short in-frame insertions within genes. (1991)

A Tn3 derivative was constructed to make small in-frame insertions within genes. The transposon contains the URA3 gene, the tetA gene, a truncated lacZ, and phage P1 loxP recombination sites at either end. Insertions that have fused lacZ to an open reading frame are lac+ because they express the truncated lacZ. In the presence of the phage P1 cyclization recombinase cre, the transposon can delete the URA3, tetA, and lacZ genes between the two loxP sites. The remaining short imperfect palindrome contains the ends of Tn3 and a loxP site and does not contain a translational termination codon in the correct reading frame. We have analyzed several insertions within the yeast HO gene. Several insertions inactivate HO and prohibit initiation of mating-type switching. In contrast, an epitope inserted in the central portion encodes a functional HO endonuclease.
Development of multi-step filtering processor (2003)

Spatial query processing using a spatial access method (SAM) faces the problem of having to examine a large number of candidate objects during the CPU-time intensive refinement step. This is due to the minimum bounding rectangle (MBR) filter in the first step of query processing which is rough by nature. In order to overcome this problem, the multi-step filtering method that takes a series of spatial filters with higher filtering ratios than that of the MBR in a cascade fashion for the object set already filtered by an MBR has been introduced. Most of the spatial filters were only able to manage areal objects. In this paper, we propose the minimum maximum points (MMP) filter, a spatial filter that can manage not only areal objects but also linear objects. In addition, we propose a multi-step filtering processor using the MMP filter, which is designed for the well-known spatial operator respectively. We also show the superiority of our multistep filtering by extensive experiments.
Multiple Interactions between Pullulanase Secreton Components Involved in Stabilization and Cytoplasmic Membrane Association of PulE (2000)

We report attempts to analyze interactions between components of the pullulanase (Pul) secreton (type II secretion machinery) from Klebsiella oxytoca encoded by a multiple-copy-number plasmid in Escherichia coli. Three of the 15 Pul proteins (B, H, and N) were found to be dispensable for pullulanase secretion. The following evidence leads us to propose that PulE, PulL, and PulM form a subcomplex with which PulC and PulG interact. The integral cytoplasmic membrane protein PulL prevented proteolysis and/or aggregation of PulE and mediated its association with the cytoplasmic membrane. The cytoplasmic, N-terminal domain of PulL interacted directly with PulE, and both PulC and PulM were required to prevent proteolysis of PulL. PulM and PulL could be cross-linked as a heterodimer whose formation in a strain producing the secreton required PulG. However, PulL and PulM produced alone could also be cross-linked in a 52-kDa complex, indicating that the secreton exerts subtle effects on the interaction between PulE and PulL. Antibodies against PulM coimmunoprecipitated PulL, PulC, and PulE from detergent-solubilized cell extracts, confirming the existence of a complex containing these four proteins. Overproduction of PulG, which blocks secretion, drastically reduced the cellular levels of PulC, PulE, PulL, and PulM as well as PulD (secretin), which probably interacts with PulC. The Pul secreton components E, F, G, I, J, K, L, and M could all be replaced by the corresponding components of the Out secretons of Erwinia chrysanthemi and Erwinia carotovora, showing that they do not play a role in secretory protein recognition and secretion specificity.
Beamforming Versus Transmit Diversity in the Downlink of a Cellular Communications System (2004)

Transmit diversity and beamforming are two complementary techniques for using multiple antennas in the forward link of a cellular communication system. The first provides the benefit of diversity with no array gain, while the second provides array gain, but no diversity. Here, we present a comparative analysis of the two systems, using outage capacity and transmit power as performance measures. The effects of handoff, correlated fading, and power control are considered.
Joint Network Coding and Machine Learning for Error-prone Wireless Broadcast (2016)

Reliable broadcasting data to multiple receivers over lossy wireless channels is challenging due to the heterogeneity of the wireless link conditions. Automatic Repeat-reQuest (ARQ) based retransmission schemes are bandwidth inefficient due to data duplication at receivers. Network coding (NC) has been shown to be a promising technique for improving network bandwidth efficiency by combining multiple lost data packets for retransmission. However, it is challenging to accurately determine which lost packets should be combined together due to disrupted feedback channels. This paper proposes an adaptive data encoding scheme at the transmitter by joining network coding and machine learning (NCML) for retransmission of lost packets. Our proposed NCML extracts the important features from historical feedback signals received by the transmitter to train a classifier. The constructed classifier is then used to predict states of transmitted data packets at different receivers based on their corrupted feedback signals for effective data mixing. We have conducted extensive simulations to collaborate the efficiency of our proposed approach. The simulation results show that our machine learning algorithm can be trained efficiently and accurately. The simulation results show that on average the proposed NCML can correctly classify 90% of the states of transmitted data packets at different receivers. It achieves significant bandwidth gain compared with the ARQ and NC based schemes in different transmission terrains, power levels, and the distances between the transmitter and receivers.
Rheology of Star-Branched Polyisobutylene (1999)

The rheology of high molecular weight, six-arm-star polyisobutylenes (PIB) was measured and compared to the behavior of linear PIB. The polymers had equivalent plateau moduli and conformed well in the terminal zone to the time−temperature superposition principle. Moreover, the temperature coefficients of the terminal relaxation times were identical for the star and linear polymers. Since the trans and gauche conformations in PIB have virtually the same energy, this absence of enhanced temperature sensitivity in star PIB, as well as the thermorheological simplicity, is consistent with an interpretation of the rheology of branched polymers based on an arm retraction mechanism.
Identifying Skype Traffic by Random Forest (2007)

Despite of the great popularity, little is known about Skype network attributed to proprietary protocol. End-to-end encryption disables the traditional traffic detection methods. We presented genetic algorithm based Random Forest algorithm to identify Skype traffic using only transport layer statistics. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can immune to the encryption of the payload and be capable of detecting Skype traffic with accuracy over 95% while low computational complexity is required.
Antiviral effect of human recombinant interleukin-12 in patients infected with hepatitis C virus (2000)

The heterogeneity of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is due to the continuous and high replication rate, the low fidelity of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and the immune surveillance of the host. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) plays a central role in mounting an effective cellular immune response directed towards elimination of intracellular pathogens. The effect of IL-12 on hepatitis C viremia and the HCV quasispecies population is unknown. In this study, 12 patients (9 males, 3 females; mean age: 44 +/- 11 years), all virological non-responders to previous IFN-alpha treatment, received recombinant human IL-12 s.c. once weekly for 10 weeks stratified to three dose schedules (0.03 microg/kg, 0.1 microg/kg, and 0.5 microg/kg body weight, respectively). Fourteen IFN-alpha non-responders and 14 untreated patients served as age- and sex-matched controls. Serum HCV RNA concentrations and HCV quasispecies distribution were measured serially by quantitative reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction and single strand conformation polymorphism analysis of the hypervariable region of the second envelope gene, respectively. Serum ALT and median HCV RNA levels before treatment (52.7 +/- 21.7 U/L; 2.6 x 10(6) copies/mL) showed no significant changes during IL-12 treatment (57.3 +/- 58.8 U/L and 3.2 x 10(6) copies/mL, 50.3 +/- 46.2 U/L and 3.1 x 10(6) copies/mL, and 46.8 +/- 35.3 U/L and 3.9 x 10(6) copies/mL at weeks 1, 4, and 10, respectively). Similar results were observed in 14 IFN-alpha non-responders and 14 untreated patients. However, changes in HCV quasispecies occurred in 10/12 (83%) and 9/14 (64%) patients treated with interleukin-12 and interferon-alpha, respectively, but only in 3/14 (21%) untreated subjects (P < 0.003 and P < 0.03). These results imply that interleukin-12 exerts only limited antiviral activity against certain HCV quasispecies in vivo.
Barrier Disruption in the Major Cerebral Arteries during the Acute Stage after Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (1986)

The effects of experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) on the blood-arterial wall barrier in the basilar arteries were studied during the acute stage after SAH. SAH was induced in rats by injecting fresh autologous blood into the cisterna magna. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was given intravenously before killing the animals to assess the integrity of the barrier. In the basilar arteries taken from the animals that were killed 30 minutes after the cisternal injection of either mock cerebrospinal fluid or arterial blood, HRP reaction products were diffusely observed in the subendothelial spaces and smooth muscle layers. At 5 hours after the blood injection, no permeation of HRP into the subendothelial space was observed. Endothelial cell transcytosis seemed to be the important mechanism for HRP permeation into the subendothelial space rather than the opening of interendothelial junctions. The disruption of the blood-arterial wall barrier in the major cerebral arteries after SAH may be involved in the pathogenesis of vasospasm.
Heterogeneity and Functional Properties of Subtypes of Sodium-Dependent Glutamate Transporters in the Mammalian Central Nervous System (1996)

In recent times, there has been a tremendous expansion in knowledge of Na+-dependent glutamate (Glu) transporters. A large family has been identified using pharmacological as well as molecular biological techniques. At present, the cloned transporters do not reconstitute all of the pharmacological subtypes observed in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the clones provide evidence for subtypes of transport activity that were not differentiated pharmacologically. The acidic amino acids, glutamate (Glu), and aspartate (Asp) are the predominant excitatory neurotransmitters in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Several types of transport activities for Glu and Asp have been differentiated in mammals. Although at least two families of these transporters are localized to the plasma membrane, other subtypes of transporters appear to be selectively localized to subcellular organelles. Only one of the families of transporters that is localized to the plasma membrane appears to be coupled to an electrochemical gradient that permits transport of the acidic amino acids against their concentration gradient. This family of active Na+-dependent transporters is the focus of this chapter. The pharmacological evidence to suggest that there are several subtypes of this transport system are presented here.
Kinetic and Mutational Studies of Three NifS Homologs from Escherichia coli: Mechanistic Difference between L-Cysteine Desulfurase and L-Selenocysteine Lyase Reactions (2000)

We have purified three NifS homologs from Escherichia coli, CSD, CsdB, and IscS, that appear to be involved in iron-sulfur cluster formation and/or the biosynthesis of selenophosphate. All three homologs catalyze the elimination of Se and S from L-selenocysteine and L-cysteine, respectively, to form L-alanine. These pyridoxal 5'-phosphate enzymes were inactivated by abortive transamination, yielding pyruvate and a pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate form of the enzyme. The enzymes showed non-Michaelis-Menten behavior for L-selenocysteine and L-cysteine. When pyruvate was added, they showed Michaelis-Menten behavior for L-selenocysteine but not for L-cysteine. Pyruvate significantly enhanced the activity of CSD toward L-selenocysteine. Surprisingly, the enzyme activity toward L-cysteine was not increased as much by pyruvate, suggesting the presence of different rate-limiting steps or reaction mechanisms for L-cysteine desulfurization and the degradation of L-selenocysteine. We substituted Ala for each of Cys358 in CSD, Cys364 in CsdB, and Cys328 in IscS, residues that correspond to the catalytically essential Cys325 of Azotobacter vinelandii NifS. The enzyme activity toward L-cysteine was almost completely abolished by the mutations, whereas the activity toward L-selenocysteine was much less affected. This indicates that the reaction mechanism of L-cysteine desulfurization is different from that of L-selenocysteine decomposition, and that the conserved cysteine residues play a critical role only in L-cysteine desulfurization.
Epithelialization and Blood Flow in Suction Blister Wounds on Healthy Volunteers (1991)

Epithelialization and blood flow in painlessly inflicted small suction blister wounds were studied in healthy volunteers (n = 26) using evaporimetry and laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), respectively. As expected, the evaporation rate normalized faster in wounds covered by an occlusive film than in wounds covered with gauze. The evaporimetry technique was found to be a simple alternative to the biopsy-based methods that have previously been used in humans. Blood flow was increased after 25 min of suctioning, and the hyperemia increased further after equalization to atmospheric pressure. This wound hyperemia (day 1) was more pronounced than that observed during heating of adjacent skin, and more pronounced at a pressure of 400 mm Hg below atmospheric pressure than at 200 mm Hg below. The hyperemic response lasted for some days and was similar on arm and foot. A mechanical LDF linear scanner was used to create a flow profile across the wound into the adjacent skin. Six months after inflicting the lesions there was no visible scar. The findings suggest that this blister wound model may be useful for studying epithelialization and microcirculatory events after trauma and during early wound healing in humans.