gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Voxel-based structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of patients with early onset schizophrenia (2008)

Our findings of regional volume alterations of GM and WM in EOS patients coincide with those of previous studies of adult onset schizophrenia patients. However, in brain regions that had no overall structural differences between EOS patients and controls (that is, the bilateral posterior cingulate gyrus, the right thalamus, the cerebellum, and the pons), within-subject analysis of EOS patients alone revealed that there were significant associations of the volume in these areas and the symptom severity. These findings suggest that at an early stage of the illness, especially for those with onset before brain maturation, a wide range of disturbed neural circuits, including these brain regions that show no apparent morphological changes, may contribute to the formation of the symptomatology.
100 MHz to 20 GHz monolithic single-pole, two-, three-, and four-throw GaAs PIN diode switches (2002)

Monolithic GaAs p-i-n diode single-pole, two-, three-, and four-throw switch circuits provide low noise figure and insertion loss performance over a two-decade+one-octave bandwidth. From 100 MHz to 20 GHz, the measured noise figure and insertion loss for the three switch types are less than 1 dB in the through path, with greater than 45 dB of isolation in the off paths. These state-of-the-art results are obtained using a vertical p-i-n diode process on metallorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) material. Each of the three p-i-n diode switch types has been designed with and without on-chip bias networks. The authors compare the performance demonstrated by this family of six single-pole, two-, three-, and four-throw switch circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Design of surface-acoustic-wave filters by taking account of electrical terminations and matching circuits (1976)

This letter describes a method of determining overlap width for interdigital electrodes of s.a.w. filters by taking account of electrical terminations and matching circuits. A filter with 22.5% bandwidth is designed by use of damped least squares. Since the amplitude response in the passband can be considerably improved compared with that designed by a Fourier analysis, this method may be useful when the required passband shape is strictly specified.
Fast Gas Chromatography of Explosive Compounds Using a Pulsed‐Discharge Electron Capture Detector<sup>*</sup> (2006)

The detection of a mixture of nine explosive compounds, including nitrate esters, nitroaromatics, and a nitramine in less than 140 sec is described. The new method employs a commercially available pulsed-discharge electron capture detector (PDECD) coupled with a microbore capillary gas chromatography (GC) column in a standard GC oven to achieve on-column detection limits between 5 and 72 fg for the nine explosives studied. The PDECD has the benefit that it uses a pulsed plasma to generate the standing electron current instead of a radioactive source. The fast separation time limits on-column degradation of the thermally labile compounds and decreases the peak widths, which results in larger peak intensities and a concomitant improvement in detection limits. The combination of short analysis time and low detection limits make this method a potential candidate for screening large numbers of samples that have been prepared using techniques such as liquid-liquid extraction or solid-phase microextraction.
Are we any closer to beating the biofilm: novel methods of biofilm control (2010)

Biofilms are inherently difficult to treat, and mechanical disruption is the mainstay of clinical management. With scientific progress in molecular microbiology, there is an abundance of newly discovered molecules and pathways, providing novel therapeutic and prophylactic targets.
Simplified protocol for flow cytometry analysis of fluorescently labeled exosomes and microvesicles using dedicated flow cytometer (2015)

Flow cytometry is a powerful method, which is widely used for high-throughput quantitative and qualitative analysis of cells. However, its straightforward applicability for extracellular vesicles (EVs) and mainly exosomes is hampered by several challenges, reflecting mostly the small size of these vesicles (exosomes: ~80-200 nm, microvesicles: ~200-1,000 nm), their polydispersity, and low refractive index. The current best and most widely used protocol for beads-free flow cytometry of exosomes uses ultracentrifugation (UC) coupled with floatation in sucrose gradient for their isolation, labeling with lipophilic dye PKH67 and antibodies, and an optimized version of commercial high-end cytometer for analysis. However, this approach requires an experienced flow cytometer operator capable of manual hardware adjustments and calibration of the cytometer. Here, we provide a novel and fast approach for quantification and characterization of both exosomes and microvesicles isolated from cell culture media as well as from more complex human samples (ascites of ovarian cancer patients) suitable for multiuser labs by using a flow cytometer especially designed for small particles, which can be used without adjustments prior to data acquisition. EVs can be fluorescently labeled with protein-(Carboxyfluoresceinsuccinimidyl ester, CFSE) and/or lipid- (FM) specific dyes, without the necessity of removing the unbound fluorescent dye by UC, which further facilitates and speeds up the characterization of microvesicles and exosomes using flow cytometry. In addition, double labeling with protein- and lipid-specific dyes enables separation of EVs from common contaminants of EV preparations, such as protein aggregates or micelles formed by unbound lipophilic styryl dyes, thus not leading to overestimation of EV numbers. Moreover, our protocol is compatible with antibody labeling using fluorescently conjugated primary antibodies. The presented methodology opens the possibility for routine quantification and characterization of EVs from various sources. Finally, it has the potential to bring a desired level of control into routine experiments and non-specialized labs, thanks to its simple bead-based standardization.
Optimization of carbohydrate fatty acid ester synthesis in organic media by a lipase from <i>Candida antarctica</i> (2001)

The effect of solvents and solvent mixtures on the synthesis of myristic acid esters of different carbohydrates with an immobilized lipase from C. antarctica was investigated. The rate of myristyl glucose synthesized by the enzyme was increased from 3.7 to 20.2 micromol min(-1) g(-1) by changing the solvent from pure tert-butanol to a mixture of tert-butanol:pyridine (55:45 v/v), by increasing the temperature from 45 degrees C to 60 degrees C, and by optimizing the relative amounts of glucose, myristic acid, and the enzyme preparation. Addition of more than 2% DMSO to the tert-butanol:pyridine system resulted in a reduction of enzyme activity. Lowering the water content of the enzyme preparation below 0.85% (w/w) resulted in significant decreases in enzyme activity, while increasing the water content up to 2.17% (w/w) did not significantly affect the enzyme activity. The highest yields of myristyl glucose were obtained when an excess of unsolubilized glucose was present in the reaction system. In this case, all of the initially solubilized and a significant amount of the initially unsolubilized glucose was converted to the ester within 24 h of incubation, resulting in a myristyl glucose concentration of 34 mg/mL(-1). Myristic acid esters of fructose (22.3 micromol min(-1) g(-1)), alpha-D-methyl-glucopyranoside (26.9 micromol min(-1) g(-1)) and maltose (1.9 micromol min(-1) g(-1)) could also be prepared using the tert-butanol:pyridine solvent system. No synthesis activity was observed with maltotriose, cellobiose, sucrose, and lactose as substrate.
Using visual tags to bypass Bluetooth device discovery (2005)

One factor that has limited the use of Bluetooth as a networking technology for publicly accessible mobile services is the way in which it handles Device Discovery. Establishing a Bluetooth connection between two devices that have not seen each other before is slow and, from a usability perspective, often awkward. In this paper we present the implementation of an end-to-end Bluetooth-based mobile service framework designed specifically to address this issue. Rather than using the standard Bluetooth Device Discovery model to detect nearby mobile services, our system relies on machine-readable visual tags for out-of-band device and service selection. Our work is motivated by the recent proliferation of cameraphones and PDAs with built-in cameras. We have implemented the described framework completely for Nokia Series 60 cameraphones and demonstrated that our tag-based connection-establishment technique (i) offers order of magnitude time improvements over the standard Bluetooth Device Discovery model; and (ii) is significantly easier to use in a variety of realistic scenarios. Our implementation is available for free download.
Carbon–Silicon Schottky Barrier Diodes (2012)

The simple fabrication of high-performance Schottky barrier diodes between silicon and conductive carbon films (C-Films) is reported. By optimizing the interface, ideality factors as low as n = 1.22 for pyrolytic photoresist films (PPF) have been obtained. These remarkable values, which are not far away from those of commercial products are obtained repeatedly on non-optimized substrates with fully scalable processes.
Compact ultrafast reflective Fabry-Perot tunable lasers for OCT imaging applications (2010)

We demonstrate a novel reflective Fabry-Perot tunable laser (RFPTL) for high speed swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging applications. This external cavity semiconductor laser uses a silicon MEMS tunable Fabry- Perot filter in a novel reflective mode of operation. The laser is packaged in a compact 25x15 mm fiber-pigtailed butterfly package. Lasers at 1060 and 1300 nm wavelengths have been demonstrated with tuning ranges up to 140 nm, fast scan rates of 100 kHz, and coherence lengths greater than 13 mm. We also describe OCT imaging with these lasers. RFPTL lasers with 1-2 μm wavelengths and tuning ranges of 250 nm have also been demonstrated for a wide range of applications.
Synthesis of symmetric functions for path-delay fault testability (2000)

A new technique of synthesizing totally symmetric Boolean functions is presented that achieves complete robust path-delay fault testability. We show that every consecutive symmetric function can be expressed as a logical composition (e.g., AND, NOR) of two unate symmetric functions, and the resulting composite circuit can be made robustly path-delay fault testable, if the constituent unate functions are synthesized as two-level irredundant circuits. Nonconsecutive symmetric functions can also be synthesized by decomposing them into a set of consecutive symmetric functions. The circuit cost of the proposed design can further be reduced by a novel algebraic factorization technique based on some combinatorial clues. The overall synthesis guarantees complete robust path-delay fault testability, and can be completed in linear time. The results shows that the proposed method ensures a significant reduction in hardware, as well as in the number of paths, which in turn, reduces testing time, as compared to those of the best-known earlier methods.
Synthesis and Characterization of Cs<sub>2</sub>Mo<sub>6</sub>X<sub>14</sub> (X = Br or I) Hexamolybdenum Cluster Halides: Efficient Mo<sub>6</sub> Cluster Precursors for Solution Chemistry Syntheses (2005)

Abstract Cs 2 Mo 6 Br 14 (1) and Cs 2 Mo 6 I 14 (2) have been synthesized by solid state chemistry techniques and structurally characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. They crystallize in the P 3¯1 c space group (Nr. 163) with the following lattice parameters: a = 10.1925(1) Å, c = 15.0690(3) Å, Z = 2 for 1 ; a = 10.804(5) Å, c = 16.258(5) Å, Z = 2 for 2 . These clusters halides, whose structures are related to that of Cs 2 Mo 6 Cl 8 Br 6 , are built up from discrete [(Mo 6 X i 8 )X a 6 ] 2‐ anionic units (X = Br, I) stacked according to an hexagonal close‐packing arrangement. In the present work, the influence of the halogen on the cesium sites will be evidenced and discussed. Furthermore, a simple high yield preparation method of (TBA) 2 Mo 6 X i 8 X a 6 will be proposed starting from Cs 2 Mo 6 X 14 .
Polyacetylenverbindungen, 172 Struktur und Synthese eines aus <i>Bellis perennis</i> L. isolierten Diesters (1970)

Abstract Die Struktur des aus Bellis perennis L. isolierten Diesters ( 3 ) wird durch Synthese der beiden möglichen Isomeren 1 und 3 endgültig geklärt.
A Perspective on Nanowire Photodetectors: Current Status, Future Challenges, and Opportunities (2011)

One-dimensional semiconductor nanostructures (nanowires (NWs), nanotubes, nanopillars, nanorods, etc.) based photodetectors (PDs) have been gaining traction in the research community due to their ease of synthesis and unique optical, mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. Specifically, the physics and technology of NW PDs offer numerous insights and opportunities for nanoscale optoelectronics, photovoltaics, plasmonics, and emerging negative index metamaterials devices. The successful integration of these NW PDs on CMOS-compatible substrates and various low-cost substrates via direct growth and transfer-printing techniques would further enhance and facilitate the adaptation of this technology module in the semiconductor foundries. In this paper, we review the unique advantages of NW-based PDs, current device integration schemes and practical strategies, recent device demonstrations in lateral and vertical process integration with methods to incorporate NWs in PDs via direct growth (nanoepitaxy) methods and transfer-printing methods, and discuss the numerous technical design challenges. In particular, we present an ultrafast surface-illuminated PD with 11.4-ps full-width at half-maximum (FWHM), edge-illuminated novel waveguide PDs, and some novel concepts of light trapping to provide a full-length discussion on the topics of: 1) low-resistance contact and interfaces for NW integration; 2) high-speed design and impedance matching; and 3) CMOS-compatible mass-manufacturable device fabrication. Finally, we offer a brief outlook into the future opportunities of NW PDs for consumer and military application.
Deflection of spinal needles by the bevel (1980)

Bevelled spinal needles sizes 22 and 25 gauge were passed through tough meat to assess the influence of bevel orientation on the path of the needle. The needle bent away from the bevel surface by about 1 mm for each centimetre of needle travel through the tissue. With an introducer, the deviation was reduced by a reduction of the distance of unsupported travel. Pencil-point needles were less deviated.
Preparation of <i>tert</i>-Amyl Alcohol in a Reactive Distillation Column. 2. Experimental Demonstration and Simulation of Column Characteristics (1997)

Reactive distillation has been proposed as a means of enhancing the conversion for reactions whose progress is limited by chemical equilibrium. In the present work, reactive distillation tests were carried out for the hydration of isoamylene (2-methyl-2-butene) to 2-methyl-2-butanol (tert-amyl alcohol or TAA) in a 5.3-cm column using a bale-type catalytic packing. Acetone was used as a solvent to avoid formation of a second liquid phase and also to enhance the rate of reaction. The experimental results showed TAA yields approaching 100% when the distillate stream from the top of the column was essentially suppressed. This yield is more than double that possible thermodynamically in a separate reactor. It was also found that an excess of catalytic packing can generate operational problems. The column was simulated using an equilibrium stage model together with the kinetic expression developed for this reaction and reported in Part 1 of this paper. The simulation and the experimental results matched reasonably well. Model results indicate that the TAA yield can be greater than 95% (at a pressure of 240 kPa) when the weight hour space velocity is lower than 30 kg/(h·kg). A parametric study elucidated the effect of varying the feed composition and key operating variables.
Reverse-phase polystyrene column for purification and analysis of DNA oligomers (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReverse-phase polystyrene column for purification and analysis of DNA oligomersSatoshi. Ikuta, Rajagopal. Chattopadhyaya, and Richard E. DickersonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1984, 56, 12, 2253–2256Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00276a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00276a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views181Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inositol phosphates, G-proteins and <i>RAS</i> genes involved in chemotactic signal transduction of <i>Dictyostelium</i> (1988)

ABSTRACT Chemotaxis requires some form of signal transduction system (or systems) to convert extracellular messages into intracellular actions. In the amoebal organism Dictyostelium discoideum two pathways of signal transduction have been found to operate, one involves adenylate cyclase for signal relay, and the other, which forms the subject of this review, involves inositol phosphates (Fig. 1).
Enteral nutrition (1990)

Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
<title>Hardware object programming on the EVC1: a reconfigurable computer</title> (1995)

We define reconfigurable computing systems as those machines that use the reconfigurable aspects of field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to implement an algorithm. Researchers throughout the world have shown that computationally intensive software algorithms can be transposed directly into hardware design for extreme performance gain. Hardware objects are algorithms implemented as dynamically downloadable hardware designs. Hardware objects execute on reconfigurable computing systems based on SRAM-style FPGAs. A hardware object can be created via schematic and VHSIC hardware description language or Verilog hardware description language. To use a hardware design in a software program, it must be converted into a hardware object. The hardware object can be used over and over or in combination with other hardware objects. This hardware object technology method of programing reconfigurable computers is the subject of this paper.
A tutorial platform suitable for surgical simulator training (SimMentor). (2002)

The platform is designed for integrating the following features: 1) practical approach to handle interactivity events with flexible-objects 3D simulators, 2) methods for quantitative evaluations of performance, 3) didactic presentations, 4) effective ways of producing diversity of clinical and pathological training scenarios.
Automatically Identifying Groups Based on Content and Collective Behavioral Patterns of Group Members (2021)

Online communities, or groups, have largely been defined based on links, page rank, and eigenvalues. In this paper we explore identifying abstract groups, groups where member’s interests and online footprints are similar but they are not necessarily connected to one another explicitly. We use a combination of structural information and content information from posts and their comments to build a footprint for groups. We find that these variables do a good job at identifying groups, placing members within a group, and help determine the appropriate granularity for group boundaries.
Solid Solution of Cd<i><sub>y</sub></i>Zn<sub>1</sub><sub>-</sub><i><sub>y</sub></i>S Nanosized Particles:  Photophysical Properties (1997)

Optical properties of CdyZn1-yS nanoparticles differing by their size and composition are presented. The fluorescence quantum yield increases with increasing particle size and composition (y). The photoluminescence, PL, spectra are due to defect states and follow the quantum size effect. A red-shift in the fluorescence spectrum with increasing cadmium composition and particle size is observed which is attributed to a transition from the valence band to a deeply trapped hole. Both absorption and fluorescence spectra in various media and at temperatures from 77 to 300 K are presented.
Coal gasification in a process development unit (1981)

Results obtained from operation of a 40kg/h Process Development Unit (PDU) of the Exxon Catalytic Coal Gasification (CCG) process are reported. The unit was operated at commercial design conditions feeding bituminous Illinois No. 6 coal catalyzed with KOH. All reactions necessary to convert coal to methane and CO/sub 2/, the major reaction products, are carried out in a single reactor. Alkali metal catalysts increase the rate of these reactions so that the process can be carried out at 700/sup 0/C, considerably lower than usual coal gasification temperature of 925/sup 0/C. The PDU includes complete facilities for product gas separation, syngas recycle, and catalyst recovery and is completely automated with a programmable controller for sequencing and emergency shutdown operations. Long uninterrupted runs of up to 33 days have been achieved without buildup of solid deposits in the gasifier. Agglomeration and density problems in the gasifier have been controlled by increasing feedline velocities and preoxidizing the feed coal. 12 references. (BLM)
Sub-10 nm nano-gap device for single-cluster transport measurements (2014)

We present a versatile procedure for the fabrication of single electron transistor (SET) devices with nanometer-sized clusters and embedded back gate electrode. The process uses sputtering gas-aggregation for the growth of clusters and e-beam lithography with double angle shadow-edge deposition to obtain electrodes separated by nano-gaps with width below 10 nm. The nano-gap width is easily controlled only by geometrical factors such as deposited thin film thickness and evaporation angles. The usefulness of this technique is demonstrated by measuring the SET behavior of a device with a 4 nm cobalt cluster embedded in alumina, where the Coulomb blockade and incremental cluster charging can be readily identified without resorting to the differential conductivity.