gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE STABILITY AND HYDROLYSIS OF S-ADENOSYL-METHIONINE; ISOLATION OF S-RIBOSYLMETHIONINE (1958)

Recent improvements in the methods for biosynthesis and isolation of S-adenosylmethionine (1, 2) have stimulated extensive experimentation with this compound.Detailed information upon its stability under various conditions is a prerequisite to microbiological, nutritional, and enzymatic research involving this substance.Not only is it desirable to have an estimate of the residual amount of X-adenosylmethionine at any given time during an experiment, but in many instances it is necessary also to know what fragments may accrue.Erroneous results may be surmised, especially in microbiological studies with mutants, if the response to hydrolytic products is mistaken for an effect of the parent substance.Experiments were carried out, therefore, on the stability of X-adenosylmethionine under the conditions of biological experimentation.Our study soon revealed that several hydrolytic processes occur simultaneously.To gain insight into the conditions which favor individual reactions, extremes of pH and temperature were included in this investigation.The latter phase of our work revealed conditions for splitting methionine from the molecule and for hydrolysis to adenine and a hitherto unknown fragment, S-ribosylmethionine.Directions for preparation and a description of some of the properties of this new compound are given.Our data extend the earlier observations of Cantoni, (3) and of Baddiley, Cantoni, and Jamieson (3, 4) on the hydrolysis of S-adenosylmethionine; they observed the formation of adenine by acid hydrolysis and of methylthioadenosine and homoserine by heating in neutral solution. Materials and MethodsThe preparation of S-adenosylmethionine from yeast, as well as suitable analytical techniques, has been described in our earlier reports (1, 2).Minor details and modifications will be noted in connection with the experiments.
The Role of a Cell Surface Inhibitor in Early Signal Transduction Associated with the Regulation of Cell Division and Differentiation (1992)

Serum stimulation of quiescent human fibroblast cultures resulted in a hyperphosphorylation of the nuclear retinoblastoma gene susceptibility product (RB). However, serum stimulation in the presence of 9 x 10(-8) M of a purified bovine sialoglycopeptide (SGP) cell surface inhibitor abrogated the hyperphosphorylation of the RB protein and the subsequent progression of cells through the mitotic cycle. The experimental results suggest that the SGP mediated its cell cycle arrest at a site in the cell cycle that was at the time of RB phosphorylation or somewhat upstream of the modification of this regulatory protein of cell division. Both cells serum-deprived and serum stimulated in the presence of the SGP displayed only a hypophosphorylated RB protein, consistent with the SGP-mediated cell cycle arrest point being near the G1/S interface.
Safety and Usability of Hemostats, Sealants, and Adhesives (2014)

Hemostats, sealants, and adhesives are an integral part of surgical patient care. Nurses who have knowledge about these agents can better help ensure safe, efficient surgical patient care. As a caregiver and patient advocate, the perioperative nurse must understand the most current information about these agents and be prepared to facilitate the transfer of this knowledge to all caregivers. Information about these agents, including the contraindications, warnings, and precautions associated with their use as well as their preparation and application, is provided here. Algorithms designed to clarify the best options for using hemostats, sealants, and adhesives are included as well.
A Time Domain Artificial Intelligence Radar System Using 33-GHz Direct Sampling for Hand Gesture Recognition (2020)

This article introduces a time-domain-based artificial intelligence (AI) radar system for gesture recognition using 33-GS/s direct sampling technique. High-speed sampling using a time-extension method allows AI learning to be applied to a time-domain radar signal reflecting information on both dynamic and static gestures, and thus can recognize not only dynamic but also static gestures. The Vernier clock generators and high-speed active samplers applied with the time-extension technique makes sampling at 33 GS/s possible. A 1-D convolutional neural network and long short-term memory are employed for both static and dynamic gestures and recognition rates of 93.2% and 90.5% are obtained, respectively. The radar system is implemented using a 65-nm CMOS process with a power consumption of 95 mW.
Convenient asymmetric synthesis of 1,3,4,6-tetrasubstituted 2,5-diketopiperazines (2016)

A general and efficient method was developed for the asymmetric synthesis of 1,3,4,6tetrasubstituted 2,5-diketopiperazines. The asymmetric nucleophilic substitution of L-amino acid-derived -bromo tertiary amides with aliphatic primary amines followed by spontaneous cyclization provides a rapid access to diverse 1,3,4,6-tetrasubstituted-2,5-diketopiperazines with high diastereoselectivities of up to 99:1 dr.
Ensemble Projection for Semi-supervised Image Classification (2013)

This paper investigates the problem of semi-supervised classification. Unlike previous methods to regularize classifying boundaries with unlabeled data, our method learns a new image representation from all available data (labeled and unlabeled) and performs plain supervised learning with the new feature. In particular, an ensemble of image prototype sets are sampled automatically from the available data, to represent a rich set of visual categories/attributes. Discriminative functions are then learned on these prototype sets, and image are represented by the concatenation of their projected values onto the prototypes (similarities to them) for further classification. Experiments on four standard datasets show three interesting phenomena: (1) our method consistently outperforms previous methods for semi-supervised image classification, (2) our method lets itself combine well with these methods, and (3) our method works well for self-taught image classification where unlabeled data are not coming from the same distribution as labeled ones, but rather from a random collection of images.
Modelling of phosphorus precipitation in wastewater treatment plants with enhanced biological phosphorus removal (1999)

Research Article| January 01 1999 Modelling of phosphorus precipitation in wastewater treatment plants with enhanced biological phosphorus removal M. Maurer; M. Maurer Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar M. Boller M. Boller Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Water Sci Technol (1999) 39 (1): 147–163. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0033 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Cite Icon Cite Permissions Search Site Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsThis Journal Search Advanced Search Citation M. Maurer, M. Boller; Modelling of phosphorus precipitation in wastewater treatment plants with enhanced biological phosphorus removal. Water Sci Technol 1 January 1999; 39 (1): 147–163. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0033 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex Solubility equilibrium models and/or adsorption models enable the prediction of phosphorus residuals in an effluent of a wastewater treatment plant over a wide range of operating conditions. A generally valid model cannot be given because the model parameters depend on wastewater composition, e.g. on dissolved and particulate water constituents, above all on phosphorus speciation.Chemical precipitation is able to bind ortho-phosphates proportionally to added chemicals and polyphosphates to a great extent. The P-residuals consist mainly of organically bound phosphorus and some residual polyphosphate. In wastewater treatment plants with enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR), an extensive use of precipitation chemicals could suppress the EBPR-ability of the sludge.In EBPR-plants a part of the phosphorus can also be eliminated by chemical precipitation without added chemicals. In experiments with inactivated sludge derived from a wastewater treatment pilot plant, a pH-sensitive and partly reversible precipitation of calcium phosphates was observed at pH values below 8.0.A dynamic model was formulated on the basis of these observations. It contains the following reactions:– Fully reversible precipitation of hydroxydicalcium phosphate (Ca2HPO4(OH)2, HDP) as an intermediate, with a solubility product of 10−22.6 (kmole m−3)5 (20°C).– Formation of hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3OH, HAP) from HDP. HAP is regarded as a kinetically stable endproduct.If the solubility of HDP is exceeded, then 15.5 gpm−3d−1 of inorganic calcium phosphate (HAP) is fixated irreversibly in the sludge. Activated sludge model, biologically induced precipitation, chemical precipitation, dynamic simulation, enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR), polyphosphate, wastewater treatment This content is only available as a PDF. © IWA Publishing 1999 You do not currently have access to this content.
Methimazole prevents induction of experimental systemic lupus erythematosus in mice. (1994)

Experimental SLE can be induced in mice by immunization with a human mAb to DNA (16/6Id). Immunized mice develop Abs to the 16/6Id immunogen, DNA, and nuclear Ags. Subsequently, clinical manifestations of disease develop, including leukopenia, proteinuria, and immune complex deposits in the kidney. MHC class I Ags play a critical role in the induction of experimental SLE, as demonstrated by the finding that class I-deficient mice are resistant to disease induction. This finding suggested that agents that reduce MHC class I expression might mitigate experimental SLE in normal mice. These studies report that methimazole, which has been shown to repress class I transcription in some cell lines, reduces class I expression on PBLs in vivo and prevents the development of clinical manifestations of SLE in 16/6Id-immunized mice. These data suggest that methimazole, which has been used in the treatment of Graves' disease, may be useful in the clinical treatment of SLE and other autoimmune diseases.
Infrared electric field sampled frequency comb spectroscopy (2019)

Probing matter with light in the mid-infrared provides unique insight into molecular composition, structure, and function with high sensitivity. However, laser spectroscopy in this spectral region lacks the broadband or tunable light sources and efficient detectors available in the visible or near-infrared. We overcome these challenges with an approach that unites a compact source of phase-stable, single-cycle, mid-infrared pulses with room temperature electric field-resolved detection at video rates. The ultrashort pulses correspond to laser frequency combs that span 3 to 27 μm (370 to 3333 cm<sup>-1</sup>), and are measured with dynamic range of >10<sup>6</sup> and spectral resolution as high as 0.003 cm<sup>-1</sup>. We highlight the brightness and coherence of our apparatus with gas-, liquid-, and solid-phase spectroscopy that extends over spectral bandwidths comparable to thermal or infrared synchrotron sources. This unique combination enables powerful avenues for rapid detection of biological, chemical, and physical properties of matter with molecular specificity.
Stability and Controllability of Euler-Bernoulli Beams With Intelligent Constrained Layer Treatments (1996)

This paper studies the stability and controllability of Euler-Bernoulli beams whose bending vibration is controlled through intelligent constrained layer (ICL) damping treatments proposed by Baz (1993) and Shen (1993, 1994). First of all, the homogeneous equation of motion is transformed into a first order matrix equation in the Laplace transform domain. According to the transfer function approach by Yang and Tan (1992), existence of nontrivial solutions of the matrix equation leads to a closed-form characteristic equation relating the control gain and closed-loop poles of the system. Evaluating the closed-form characteristic equation along the imaginary axis in the Laplace transform domain predicts a threshold control gain above which the system becomes unstable. In addition, the characteristic equation leads to a controllability criterion for ICL beams. Moreover, the mathematical structure of the characteristic equation facilitates a numerical algorithm to determine root loci of the system. Finally, the stability and controllability of Euler-Bernoulli beams with ICL are illustrated on three cantilever beams with displacement or slope feedback at the free end.
Can gas hydrate structures be described using classical simulations? (2010)

Quantum path-integral simulations of the hydrate solid structures have been performed using the recently proposed TIP4PQ/2005 model. By also performing classical simulations using this model, the impact of the nuclear quantum effects on the hydrates is highlighted; nuclear quantum effects significantly modify the structure, densities, and energies of the hydrates, leading to the conclusion that nuclear quantum effects are important not only when studying the solid phases of water but also when studying the hydrates. To analyze the validity of a classical description of hydrates, a comparison of the results of the TIP4P/2005 model (optimized for classical simulations) with those of TIP4PQ/2005 (optimized for path-integral simulations) was undertaken. A classical description of hydrates is able to correctly predict the densities at temperatures above 150 K and the relative stabilities between the hydrates and ice I(h). The inclusion of nuclear quantum effects does not significantly modify the sequence of phases found in the phase diagram of water at negative pressures, namely, I(h)-->sII-->sH. In fact the transition pressures are little affected by the inclusion of nuclear quantum effects; the phase diagram predictions for hydrates can be performed with reasonable accuracy using classical simulations. However, for a reliable calculation of the densities below 150 K, the sublimation energies, the constant pressure heat capacity, and the radial distribution functions, the incorporation of nuclear quantum effects is indeed required.
A highly divergent gene cluster in honey bees encodes a novel silk family (2006)

The pupal cocoon of the domesticated silk moth Bombyx mori is the best known and most extensively studied insect silk. It is not widely known that Apis mellifera larvae also produce silk. We have used a combination of genomic and proteomic techniques to identify four honey bee fiber genes (AmelFibroin1-4) and two silk-associated genes (AmelSA1 and 2). The four fiber genes are small, comprise a single exon each, and are clustered on a short genomic region where the open reading frames are GC-rich amid low GC intergenic regions. The genes encode similar proteins that are highly helical and predicted to form unusually tight coiled coils. Despite the similarity in size, structure, and composition of the encoded proteins, the genes have low primary sequence identity. We propose that the four fiber genes have arisen from gene duplication events but have subsequently diverged significantly. The silk-associated genes encode proteins likely to act as a glue (AmelSA1) and involved in silk processing (AmelSA2). Although the silks of honey bees and silkmoths both originate in larval labial glands, the silk proteins are completely different in their primary, secondary, and tertiary structures as well as the genomic arrangement of the genes encoding them. This implies independent evolutionary origins for these functionally related proteins.
Headache in the elderly (1998)

Aging is accompanied by a decline in the incidence of most primary headache disorders and an increase in the incidence of organic causes of headache. Headaches that begin after age 55 are more often due to serious conditions, or are exacerbated by comorbid disorders. When evaluating the older patient with new onset headache or a change in headache pattern, one must rule out serious secondary causes of headache, such as tumor, subdural hematoma, stroke, transient ischemic attack, and temporal arteritis. When older patients present with headache, a lowered threshold for ordering tests is justified, particularly if the headaches are of recent onset, are atypical, or are associated with neurologic findings. This article discusses the secondary causes of headache in the elderly and the symptoms and appropriate testing and treatment of these headaches. The epidemiology and treatment of the primary headache disorders in the elderly are reviewed.
Handling borders in systolic architectures for the 1-D discrete wavelet transform for perfect reconstruction (2000)

We propose a modified systolic architecture that implements the 1-D discrete wavelet transform (DWT) on the basis of the recursive pyramid algorithm (RPA) while correctly managing the border problem and obtaining perfect reconstruction. All the architectures so far described in the literature do not explicitly address the handling of borders and usually assume a zero-padding extension. The RPA makes heavy use of this assumption, which produces very efficient systolic architectures. It is, however, well known that the zero-padding extension does not allow perfect recovery of the original signal, if we compute exactly N coefficients. More coefficients are required either in the forward or in the inverse transform, and their production within the RPA scheme lowers the efficiency of the systolic architecture to a minimum. We introduce a modified RPA working on an extended transform with a compressed schedule that restores good values of efficiency (EC-RPA). We also propose a second version of RPA based on a periodic extension of the signal and of the transform (PE-RPA) that achieves perfect reconstruction by computing exactly N DWT coefficients. A reduced version of the second algorithm (R-PE-RPA) is tailored to the efficient computations of a fixed number of levels in the transform. The VLSI complexity of the management of borders is analyzed through synthesis from a VHDL description of the three algorithms. Synthesis results show that the controller required for PE-RPA can be as large as a ten-tap array. R-PE-RPA instead requires half this area. In both cases, the controller complexity scales sublinearly with the length of the input.
Adaptive real-time pattern recognition using a liquid crystal TV based joint transform correlator (1987)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Francis T. S. Yu, Suganda Jutamulia, Tsongneng W. Lin, and Don A. Gregory, "Adaptive real-time pattern recognition using a liquid crystal TV based joint transform correlator," Appl. Opt. 26, 1370-1372 (1987) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
The system-identification cycle (2007)

explain that the identification of an LTI model making use of real-life measurements is more then just estimating parameters in a user-defined model structure
Hydrosilylation on photoactivated catalysts (2011)

The review considers hydrosilylation of C=C, C≡C, and C=O bonds in the presence of photoactivated catalysts.
Tuning Resistive Switching Characteristics of Tantalum Oxide Memristors through Si Doping (2014)

An oxide memristor device changes its internal state according to the history of the applied voltage and current. The principle of resistive switching (RS) is based on ion transport (e.g., oxygen vacancy redistribution). To date, devices with bi-, triple-, or even quadruple-layered structures have been studied to achieve the desired switching behavior through device structure optimization. In contrast, the device performance can also be tuned through fundamental atomic-level design of the switching materials, which can directly affect the dynamic transport of ions and lead to optimized switching characteristics. Here, we show that doping tantalum oxide memristors with silicon atoms can facilitate oxygen vacancy formation and transport in the switching layer with adjustable ion hopping distance and drift velocity. The devices show larger dynamic ranges with easier access to the intermediate states while maintaining the extremely high cycling endurance (>10(10) set and reset) and are well-suited for neuromorphic computing applications. As an example, we demonstrate different flavors of spike-timing-dependent plasticity in this memristor system. We further provide a characterization methodology to quantitatively estimate the effective hopping distance of the oxygen vacancies. The experimental results are confirmed through detailed ab initio calculations which reveal the roles of dopants and provide design methodology for further optimization of the RS behavior.
Experimental study of electrical breakdown in MEMS devices with micrometer scale gaps (2008)

We present an experimental study of the DC breakdown voltage of MEMS interdigitated aluminum electrodes with gaps ranging from 10 to 500 μm. Unlike most research on MEMS electrodes, that was done at atmospheric pressure, our work has focused on the effect of gas pressure and gas type on the breakdown voltage. A main goal was to identify geometries that favor the creation of low-voltage discharges. Helium, argon and nitrogen pressure was varied from 10<sup>2</sup> to 8.10<sup>4</sup> Pa (1 to 800 mbar). The breakdown voltage was plotted as a function of the Paschen reduced variable P<sub>red</sub> = p·g. For higher values of pressure, p or gap, d (high P<sub>red</sub>), classical Paschen scaling was observed. For lower values of P<sub>red</sub> however, significant deviations were seen, particularly at low pressures. We attribute these differences not to field emission, but to the scale of the mean free path (which explains the higher than predicted voltages), and to the many length scales effectively present in our planar geometry (on-chip and even off-chip, that lead to the superposition of several Paschen curves). Guidelines are proposed for low-pressure operation of MEMS to avoid or to encourage breakdown.
TRAX: real-world tracking of moving objects (2007)

A range of mobile services rely on knowing the current positions of populations of so-called moving objects. In the ideal setting, the positions of all objects are known always and exactly. While this is not possible in practice, it is possible to know each object’s position with a certain guaranteed accuracy. This paper presents the TRAX tracking system that supports several techniques capable of tracking the current positions of moving objects with guaranteed accuracies at low update and communication costs in real-world settings. The techniques are readily relevant for practical applications, but they also have implications for continued research. The tracking techniques offer a realistic setting for existing query processing techniques that assume that it is possible to always know the exact positions of moving objects. The techniques enable studies of trade-offs between querying and update, and the accuracy guarantees they offer may be exploited by query processing techniques to offer perfect recall. 1.
The Role of Astrocyte Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease Pathogenesis (2017)

Astrocytes are the most populous glial subtype and are critical for brain function. Despite this, historically there have been few studies into the role that they may have in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, however, several studies have determined that genes known to have a causative role in the development of PD are expressed in astrocytes and have important roles in astrocyte function. Here, we review these recent developments and discuss their impact on our understanding of the pathophysiology of PD, and the implications that this might have for its treatment.