gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 1 Mbps Underwater Communications System using LEDs and Photodiodes with Signal Processing Capability (2008)

The inability of radio frequency electromagnetic waves to propagate without attenuation in seawater has traditionally limited underwater communications to acoustics or tethered systems. High bandwidth optical communication systems have been demonstrated for terrestrial and space applications. There is growing interest to see if short range high bandwidth optical wireless systems can be made for the underwater environment. In this thesis we demonstrate a 1 Mbps optical wireless system using LEDs and PIN photodiodes that also incorporates capabilities for signal processing of the received data to be performed.\n\nLasers and Photomultiplier tubes offer high performance, and are generally used in most underwater optical communication systems. However, these components are relatively expensive and can have large form factors. As an alternative solution the much cheaper and more compact LEDs and photodiodes are used as transmitters and receiver components. However, compared to a laser and PMT based system, such a system would be strongly disadvantaged in photon limited environments. If one assumes that photons actually reach the receiver, using signal processing techniques, optimized modulation formats, and error-correction coding, one expects that the range of the system can be extended. The development of a prototype system for the experimentation and verification of this proposition is the main motivation of this thesis. \n\nSmall, compact transmitters using High Power LEDs and receivers using Si Photodiodes where the data can be digitally sampled such that signal processing techniques can be applied were constructed and demonstrated using a 12 foot, 1200 gallon tank that was also constructed for the project. It was shown that the LED and photodiode based system works well for short ranges, and that advantages can be obtained using digital signal processing. The applicability of this strategy to use digital signal processing techniques can be easily extended to higher performance Laser/PMT based systems.
Relationship between bacteria and ciliate protozoa in the rumen of sheep fed on a purified diet (1978)

Summary Two sheep, with and without ciliate protozoa, were fed on a wood-pulp cellulose, corn starch, soya-bean protein diet and the microbiological and chemical characteristics of the rumen ingesta of both sheep were studied. The purified diet led to a simplified rumen flora enabling some deductions to be made about the interactions of the principal bacterial species and their interactions with the protozoa in relationship to the biochemical analysis of the rumen. Ammonia concentrations were similarly low in each animal. Total volatile fatty acid concentrations were higher in the faunated sheep though the proportion of propionic acid was highest in the unfaunated sheep. Cellulose digestion in the faunated rumen was about twice that in the unfaunated one. Total bacterial concentrations in the unfaunated rumen were over twice those in the faunated rumen, but the numbers of cellulolytic bacteria were higher in the latter while the numbers of amylolytic bacteria were higher in the unfaunated rumen. The principal species of bacteria differed in the two rumens.
A root's ability to retain K+ correlates with salt tolerance in wheat (2008)

Most work on wheat breeding for salt tolerance has focused mainly on excluding Na(+) from uptake and transport to the shoot. However, some recent findings have reported no apparent correlation between leaf Na(+) content and wheat salt tolerance. Thus, it appears that excluding Na(+) by itself is not always sufficient to increase plant salt tolerance and other physiological traits should also be considered. In this work, it was investigated whether a root's ability to retain K(+) may be such a trait, and whether our previous findings for barley can be extrapolated to species following a 'salt exclusion' strategy. NaCl-induced kinetics of K(+) flux from roots of two bread and two durum wheat genotypes, contrasting in their salt tolerance, were measured under laboratory conditions using non-invasive ion flux measuring (the MIFE) technique. These measurements were compared with whole-plant physiological characteristics and yield responses from plants grown under greenhouse conditions. The results show that K(+) flux from the root surface of 6-d-old wheat seedlings in response to salt treatment was highly correlated with major plant physiological characteristics and yield of greenhouse-grown plants. This emphasizes the critical role of K(+) homeostasis in plant salt tolerance and suggests that using NaCl-induced K(+) flux measurements as a physiological 'marker' for salt tolerance may benefit wheat-breeding programmes.
The Design of High-Performance Analog Circuits on Digital CMOS Chips (1985)

Devices available in digital oriented CMOS processes are reviewed, with emphasis on the various modes of operation of a standard transistor and their respective merits, and on additional specifications required to apply devices in analog circuits. Some basic compatible analog circuit techniques and their related tradeoffs are then surveyed by means of typical examples. The noisy environment due to cohabitation on the chip with digital circuits is briefly evoked.
The Incidence of Awareness During Anesthesia: A Multicenter United States Study (2004)

Awareness with recall after general anesthesia is an infrequent, but well described, phenomenon that may result in posttraumatic stress disorder. There are no recent data on the incidence of this complication in the United States. We, therefore, undertook a prospective study to determine the incidence of awareness with recall during general anesthesia in the United States. This is a prospective, nonrandomized descriptive cohort study that was conducted at seven academic medical centers in the United States. Patients scheduled for surgery under general anesthesia were interviewed in the postoperative recovery room and at least a week after anesthesia and surgery by using a structured interview. Data from 19,575 patients are presented. A total of 25 awareness cases were identified (0.13% incidence). These occurred at a rate of 1-2 cases per 1000 patients at each site. Awareness was associated with increased ASA physical status (odds ratio, 2.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-5.60 for ASA status III-V compared with ASA status I-II). Age and sex did not influence the incidence of awareness. There were 46 additional cases (0.24%) of possible awareness and 1183 cases (6.04%) of possible intraoperative dreaming. The incidence of awareness during general anesthesia with recall in the United States is comparable to that described in other countries. Assuming that approximately 20 million anesthetics are administered in the United States annually, we can expect approximately 26,000 cases to occur each year.
Expression of chimeric genes by the light-regulated cabII-1 promoter in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: a cabII-1/nit1 gene functions as a dominant selectable marker in a nit1- nit2- strain. (1992)

In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, expression of the cabII-1 gene increases dramatically in response to light (cabII-1 encodes one of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins of photosystem II). We have used a region upstream of the cabII-1 gene in translational fusions to the bacterial uidA gene (encodes beta-glucuronidase) and transcriptional fusions to the Chlamydomonas nitrate reductase gene (nit1). Chlamydomonas transformants carrying intact copies of the chimeric uidA gene do not express beta-glucuronidase at the level of enzyme activity or mRNA accumulation. Methylation in the cabII-1 promoter region of the introduced gene is extensive in these strains, suggesting that newly introduced foreign genes may be recognized and silenced by a cellular mechanism that is correlated with increased methylation. Transformants that express the chimeric cabII-1/nit1 gene have been recovered. In contrast to the endogenous nit1 gene, the chimeric cabII-1/nit1 gene is expressed in ammonium-containing medium. Moreover, nit1 mRNA accumulation is dramatically stimulated by light, with a time course that is indistinguishable from that of the endogenous cabII-1 gene. The cabII-1/nit1 gene has been used to select transformants in a nit1- nit2- Chlamydomonas strain (CC400G) and should be useful for transformation of the large number of mutants in the Ebersold-Levine lineage, which carry the same mutations.
Behaviour of Embankment using Bottom Ash-Tire Shred Mixture (2009)

Based on the proven feasibility of bottom ash and tire shred-soil mixtures as lightweight fill materials, tire shred-bottom ash mixtures were suggested as a new lightweight fill material to replace the conventional construction material (soil) with bottom ash. Therefore, we carried out the field compaction test and performance test of large scale embankment in order to evaluate their suitability for the use of lightweight fill materials. In these tests, we could assess the settlement, earth pressure, stress-strain relation, vibration of large scale embankment which were made with tire shred-bottom ash mixture and the conventional fill material(weathered soil) respectively. The earthpressure and vibration transmission was decreased and the settlement behaviour of the 2 materials (tire shred mixture and weathered soil) was measured similarly under static/cyclic loading condition.
Lattice Long Short-Term Memory for Human Action Recognition (2017)

Human actions captured in video sequences are three-dimensional signals characterizing visual appearance and motion dynamics. To learn action patterns, existing methods adopt Convolutional and/or Recurrent Neural Networks (CNNs and RNNs). CNN based methods are effective in learning spatial appearances, but are limited in modeling long-term motion dynamics. RNNs, especially Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), are able to learn temporal motion dynamics. However, naively applying RNNs to video sequences in a convolutional manner implicitly assumes that motions in videos are stationary across different spatial locations. This assumption is valid for short-term motions but invalid when the duration of the motion is long. In this work, we propose Lattice-LSTM (L2STM), which extends LSTM by learning independent hidden state transitions of memory cells for individual spatial locations. This method effectively enhances the ability to model dynamics across time and addresses the non-stationary issue of long-term motion dynamics without significantly increasing the model complexity. Additionally, we introduce a novel multi-modal training procedure for training our network. Unlike traditional two-stream architectures which use RGB and optical flow information as input, our two-stream model leverages both modalities to jointly train both input gates and both forget gates in the network rather than treating the two streams as separate entities with no information about the other. We apply this end-to-end system to benchmark datasets (UCF-101 and HMDB-51) of human action recognition. Experiments show that on both datasets, our proposed method outperforms all existing ones that are based on LSTM and/or CNNs of similar model complexities.
Making Progressive Transmission Adaptive (1986)

Progressive transmission hierarchically reorganizes the information in an image with the aim of increasing transmission efficiency on a low bandwidth channel. We have developed methods for adaptively choosing initial and successive approximations to be sent when the end user is a human telebrowsing through a database to find particular desired images. Because of progressive transmission overhead, it is desirable to send in one step the approximation which is just good enough to allow a user to make a positive decision (e.g., want/don't want). During past and present sessions of telebrowsing, positive response times are recorded and used to estimate the actual positive response time probability mass function. This estimate is used with a previously calculated overhead function to choose the best initial and successive approximations. We discuss the application of two-channel coding to progressive transmission and conclude that little is gained by further coding of the initial lowresolution approximation. However, the interpretation of these lowresolution images is enhanced if the displayed size is a function of image resolution. We present a method for determination of the best displayed image size which is based on the modulation transfer function of the human visual system.
Predicting Car Collisions Using RSSI (2015)

The periodic broadcast of a safety message (SM) containing vehicle position and motion data is the salient mechanism for providing drivers pre-crash alerts in Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) networks. However, if SMs are compromised or contain erroneous information, drivers may be unaware of impending danger. Even if vehicles were also equipped with active sensors, awareness may not be achievable in severe non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions where collision avoidance is needed most. In this work, a novel system for providing collision avoidance using the Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) in V2V networks is presented. Experimental observations of RSSI during collision and no-collision outcomes are analyzed to develop the system's prediction methodology, which is then rigorously tested through a simulation environment to assess the detection performance. The proposed system does not use traditional (Received Signal Strength) RSS distance estimation, fingerprinting, or cooperative methods, which depend heavily on a priori knowledge of path loss conditions. Instead, the decentralized system identifies specific trends in RSSI indicative of a collision. In comparison to RSS distance estimation methods, the proposed system is shown to detect over 35% more collisions in a variety of channel conditions, including NLOS.
Synthesis and Optical Properties of Colloidal Tungsten Oxide Nanorods (2003)

Thermal decomposition of W(CO)6 in oleylamine in the presence of mild oxidant Me3NO·2H2O produces tungsten oxide nanorods with diameters ranging from 3 to 6 nm. The size of nanorods can be easily varied by the employed surfactant ratio or reaction temperature. The prepared tungsten oxide nanorods exhibit strong photoluminescence (PL) peaks in 300−500 nm, which show a weak size dependency.
Lipoic Acid Biosynthesis:  LipA Is an Iron−Sulfur Protein (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTLipoic Acid Biosynthesis: LipA Is an Iron−Sulfur ProteinRobert W. Busby, Johannes P. M. Schelvis, Dannie S. Yu, Gerald T. Babcock, and Michael A. MarlettaView Author Information Department of Biological Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Division of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0606 Department of Chemistry and LASER Laboratory Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan 48824-13220 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 19, 4706–4707Publication Date (Web):May 1, 1999Publication History Received14 January 1999Published online1 May 1999Published inissue 1 May 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja990134ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja990134grapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views548Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Biosynthesis,Cluster chemistry,Electronic absorption,Oscillation,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Toward a generalized theory of uncertainty (GTU) - an outline (2005)

It is a deep-seated tradition in science to view uncertainty as a province of probability theory. The generalized theory of uncertainty (GTU), which is outlined in this paper, breaks with this tradition and views uncertainty in a broader perspective. Uncertainty is an attribute of information. A fundamental premise of GTU is that information, whatever its form, may be represented as what is called a generalized constraint. The concept of a generalized constraint is the centerpiece of GTU.
Anthocyanin, Carotenoid, and Chlorophyll Changes in the Peel of Cox’s Orange Pippin Apples during Ripening on and off the Tree (1972)

Journal Article Anthocyanin, Carotenoid, and Chlorophyll Changes in the Peel of Cox's Orange Pippin Apples during Ripening on and off the Tree Get access M. KNEE M. KNEE East Mailing Research StationEast Mailing, Maidstone, Kent Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Experimental Botany, Volume 23, Issue 1, February 1972, Pages 184–196, https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/23.1.184 Published: 01 February 1972 Article history Received: 01 June 1971 Published: 01 February 1972
Extraction (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExtractionL. C. CraigCite this: Anal. Chem. 1951, 23, 1, 41–44Publication Date (Print):January 17, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 17 January 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60049a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60049a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Flexible Ray Traversal with an Extended Programming Model (2019)

The availability of hardware-accelerated ray tracing in GPUs and standardized APIs has led to a rapid adoption of ray tracing in games. While these APIs allow programmable surface shading and intersections, most of the ray traversal is assumed to be fixed-function. As a result, the implementation of per-instance Level-of-Detail (LOD) techniques is very limited. In this paper, we propose an extended programming model for ray tracing which includes an additional programmable stage called the traversal shader that enables procedural selection of acceleration structures for instances. Using this programming model, we demonstrate multiple applications such as procedural multi-level instancing and stochastic LOD selection that can significantly reduce the bandwidth and memory footprint of ray tracing with no perceptible loss in image quality.
Partial rescue of MeCP2 deficiency by postnatal activation of MeCP2 (2007)

In humans, mutations in the X-linked MECP2 gene, are the cause of Rett syndrome (RTT), a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects mainly girls. MeCP2 binds to methylated CpGs and is thought to act as a transcriptional repressor. In male mice, deletion or targeted mutation of Mecp2 leads to lethality and causes a neuronal phenotype. Selective mutation of Mecp2 in postnatal neurons results in a similar, although delayed, phenotype, suggesting that the symptoms are caused by MeCP2 deficiency in postmitotic neurons. In agreement with this idea, expression of a Mecp2 transgene in postmitotic neurons of Mecp2-null mutant mice resulted in the phenotypical rescue of the symptoms. To assess whether postnatal activation of MeCP2 in mutant animals could also affect the progression of the disorder, we constructed a conditionally active Mecp2 "rescue transgene" that was activated between P0 and P30. The Mecp2 transgene was under the control of the CAGGS promoter and was activated by using brain specific Cre-mediated recombination. Our results indicate that postnatal, neuron-specific activation of MeCP2 as late as 2-4 weeks of age significantly prolonged the lifespan of mutant animals and delayed the onset of neurologic symptoms.
Immunogenicity of a polyvalent HIV-1 candidate vaccine based on fourteen wild type gp120 proteins in golden hamsters (2006)

We amplified and characterized 14 different gp120s from primary subtype B isolates with both syncytium and non-syncytium inducing properties, and expressed the proteins in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell lines. Purified proteins were used either alone or in combinations of four or fourteen different gp120s to vaccinate golden hamsters. The polyvalent vaccine showed higher antibody titers to HIV-1 subtype B isolates MN and SF162 compared to the groups that received one or four gp120 proteins. However, the polyvalent vaccine was not able to show higher neutralizing antibody responses against HIV-1 primary isolates. Interestingly, the polyvalent vaccine group had the highest proliferative immune responses and showed a substantial proportion of cross-subtype CD4 reactivity to HIV-1 subtypes B, C, and A/E CONCLUSION: Although the polyvalent approach achieved only a modest increase in the breadth of humoral and cellular immunity, the qualitative change in the vaccine (14 vs. 1 gp120) resulted in a quantitative improvement in vaccine-induced immunity.