gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Allylindation of 6-Substituted 2-Hydroxy-1-tetralones in Aqueous and Organic Media. Stereochemistry and Competition Studies (1998)

A systematic investigation of the stereoselectivity associated with coupling reactions involving the allylindium reagent and 6-substituted 2-hydroxy-1-tetralones is presented. In each instance, the allylations were carried out in water, 50% aqueous THF, and dry THF. The extent of 1,2-induction was found to be highest in THF-H(2)O (1:1) and to favor the trans diol isomer. Somewhat lower levels of stereochemical bias in the same direction were observed in pure water. However, further erosion of this trend was noted for those reactions performed in THF, such that a modest crossover in product distribution became apparent in certain examples. On the basis of competition experiments, both reaction trajectories give evidence of proceeding via chelated intermediates. The extent of stereoinduction was found to be in line with the normal predilection of 2-cyclohexenones for axial attack, which is the process believed to be beset with minimal torsional effects. The substituents situated para to the ketone carbonyl do not exert a very large influence on product distribution, although electronic effects are evident in the context of the competition studies. A mechanistic model which integrates these findings is offered.
Improved growth of bifidobacteria by cocultivation with Lactococcus lactis subspecies lactis (2010)

Cultivation of bifidobacteria in milk is a difficult and industrially valuable task. In this paper, we report the finding of a novel technique to improve the growth of bifidobacteria in dairy products and the results of mechanism studies. The growth of bifidobacteria in skim milk medium was found to be stimulated upon cocultivation with certain strains of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis. Bifidobacterium growth-stimulating (BGS) activity was observed on a wide range of bifidobacterial species. Bifidobacterium growth-stimulating activity was associated with the ability to grow in skim milk medium and the presence of a cell wall-anchored proteinase (PrtP) in Lc. lactis ssp. lactis. Studies on one strain, Lc. lactis ssp. lactis MCC857, showed that crude PrtP extracts and casein hydrolysates exhibited BGS activity. The casein hydrolysate BGS activity was found in the low molecular weight fraction by HPLC separation. A combination of 2 AA, Met and Leu, was found to account for a large portion of the casein hydrolysate BGS activity. In conclusion, this cocultivation system is highly efficient and industrially applicable for the production of fermented milk with high cell counts of bifidobacteria.
Gene dosage-dependent secretion of yeast vacuolar carboxypeptidase Y. (1986)

The structural gene for yeast vacuolar carboxypeptidase Y (PRC1) has been cloned by complementation of the prc1-1 mutation. As much as an eightfold elevation in the level of carboxypeptidase Y (CPY) results when a multiple-copy plasmid containing the PRC1 gene is introduced into yeast. Unlike the situation with a single copy of PRC1 in which newly synthesized CPY is efficiently localized to the vacuole, plasmid-directed overproduction results in secretion of greater than 50% of the protein as the precursor form. Secretion is blocked in a mutant that is defective at a late stage in the transport of periplasmic proteins. Unlike normal cell surface glycoproteins, secreted CPY precursor acquires no additional oligosaccharide modifications beyond those that accompany normal transport to the vacuole. In the periplasm, the CPY precursor is proteolytically activated to an enzymatically active form by an enzyme that is unrelated to the vacuolar processing enzyme. These findings suggest that proper sorting and transport of CPY is saturable. This may reflect limiting amounts of a CPY-sorting receptor, or of CPY-modifying machinery that is essential for recognition by such a receptor.
MEMS for Thermogravimetry: Fully Integrated Device for Inspection of Nanomasses (2011)

This paper presents a microelectromechanical-systems device for thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) with integrated thermal actuators. It consists of a sensing cantilever paddle connected to two separated thermal actuators, one at each side of the cantilever. An integrated thermocouple allows to measure directly the temperature difference between the heater at the tip of the cantilever paddle and the device silicon frame. The cantilever paddle vibration amplitude (frequency) is measured with an integrated piezoresistor. The temperature dependence of the resonance frequency on local heating with the integrated heater is investigated. Mass and temperature calibrations are performed from 0 to 6 ng and from 300 K to 823 K, respectively. To demonstrate the device performance, TGA of polyamide 6 and paraffin samples is carried out. TGA can be performed with the presented device in the temperature range from 298 K up to 920 K for sample masses as small as 0.8 ng. The mass sensitivity is about 164 Hz/ng at ambient temperature.
Magnetostructural correlations and catecholase-like activities of μ-alkoxo-bridged dinuclear copper(II) complexes with 1-diethylaminopropan-2-ol, N3−, NCO− and NO2− ligands (1997)

Three new µ-alkoxo-bridged dinuclear copper(II) complexes with µ-1-diethylaminopropan-2-olate, [Cu 2 {µ-Et 2 NCH 2 CH(Me)O } 2 X 2 ] (X = N 3 - 1, NCO - 2 or NO 2 - 3), have been prepared and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. The copper atoms have distorted square-planar environments bridged by two oxygen atoms of alkoxo groups. Magnetic susceptibility measurements in the temperature range 5–300 K indicated significant antiferromagnetic coupling for 3 and ferromagnetic coupling for 1 and 2 between the copper(II) atoms. The best least-squares-fitted coupling constants (2J) for 1, 2 and 3 were 81, 25 and -42 cm -1 respectively. By comparison to the known complex [Cu 2 {µ-Et 2 NCH 2 CH(Me)O } 2 (NCS) 2 ] 4 (2J = -86.0 cm -1 ), a linear correlation between the magnetic coupling constants and the mean Cu–O–Cu angle (ϕ) with a crossover point at ϕ 97.3° from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic coupling is obtained. The catecholase activity of these copper(II) complexes for the oxidation of 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol by O 2 was studied and shown to be in the order 1 < 2 < 3.
<i>Escherichia coli</i> HIyT protein, a transcriptional activator of haemolysin synthesis and secretion, is encoded by the <i>rfaH (sfrB)</i> locus required for expression of sex factor and lipopolysaccharide genes (1992)

Synthesis and secretion of the 110kDa haemolysin toxin of Escherichia coli and other pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria are governed by the four genes of the hly operon. We have identified, by transposon mutagenesis, an E. coli cellular locus, hlyT, required for the synthesis and secretion of haemolysin encoded in trans by intact hly operons carrying the hly upstream regulatory region. Mutation of the hlyT locus specifically reduced the level of hlyA structural gene transcript 20-100-fold and thus markedly lowered both intracellular and extracellular levels of the HlyA protein. Genetic and structural analysis of the hlyT locus mapped it at co-ordinate 3680 kbp (minute 87) on the chromosome adjacent to the fadBA operon, and identified it specifically as the rfaH (sfrB) locus which is required for transcription of the genes encoding synthesis of the sex pilus and also the lipopolysaccharide core for attachment of the O-antigen of E. coli and Salmonella. Expression of the hly operon in the E. coli hlyT mutant was restored in trans by both the hlyT and rfaH genes, suggesting that the rfaH gene is an important activator of regulon structures that are central to the fertility and virulence of these pathogenic bacteria. DNA sequencing of the hlyT locus identifies the HlyT/RfaH transcriptional activator as a protein of 162 amino acids (Mr 18325) which shows no identity to characterized transcription factors.
A Short and Productive Synthesis of Racemic α-Lipoic Acid (1999)

Racemic α-lipoic acid is synthesized in four steps from the base chemicals vinyl ethyl ether and cyclohexanone. The total yield is 40%.
Study on Transformer Ratio and Capacitance in Equivalent Circuit Model for SAW Transducer (1990)

The transformer ratio and capacitance in an equivalent circuit for an interdigital surface acoustic wave (SAW) transducer are proposed in general form The relation between these parameters and the input admittance for one periodic section of the equivalent circuit is calculated. Then, using calculated values for admittance by H. Engan, the parameters are finally determined as a function of metallized ratio, harmonic number and material-constants. The results are verified by experiments.
THE VARIETIES OF RECOVERY EXPERIENCE: A PRIMER FOR ADDICTION TREATMENT PROFESSIONALS AND RECOVERY ADVOCATES (2005)

The study of alcohol and other drugs (AOD) is historically marked by three stages: 1) the investigation of AOD-related social and personal pathologies, 2) the development of personal and social interventions aimed at resolving AOD problems, and 3) a focus on the prevalence and patterns of long-term recovery from AOD problems. This essay honors this transition from addiction and treatment paradigms to a recovery paradigm by exploring the growing varieties of pathways and styles through which people are resolving serious and persistent AOD-related problems. A review of scientific and mutual aid literature is used to catalogue variations in:  scope of recovery (primary and secondary chemical health and global health)  depth of recovery (partial, full and enriched)  types of recovery (abstinence-based, moderation-based, medication-assisted)  context of recovery initiation (solo, peer-assisted, treatment
CloudOptimizer (2013)

Consolidation of multiple databases on the same server allows service providers to save significant resources because many production database servers are often under-utilized. Recent research investigates the problem of minimizing the number of servers required to host a set of tenants when the working sets of tenants are kept in main memory (e.g., in-memory OLAP workloads, or OLTP workloads), thus the memory assigned to each tenant, as well as the I/O bandwidth and CPU time, are all dictated by the working set size of the tenant. Other research investigates the reverse problem when the number of servers is fixed, but the amount of resources allocated to different tenants on the same server needs to be configured to optimize a cost function. In this paper we investigate the problem when neither the number of servers nor the amount of resources allocated to each tenant are fixed. This problem arises when consolidating OLAP workloads of tenants whose service-level agreements (SLAs) allow for queries to be answered from disk. We study the trade-off between the amount of memory and the I/O bandwidth assigned to OLAP workloads, and develop a principled approach for allocating resources to tenants in a manner that minimizes the total number of servers required to host all tenants while satisfying the SLA of each tenant. We then explain how we modified InnoDB, the storage engine of MySQL, to be able to change the amount of resources allocated to each tenant at runtime, so as to account for fluctuations in workloads. Finally, we evaluate our approach experimentally using the TPC-H benchmark to demonstrate its effectiveness and accuracy.
A New Technique for the Elemental Analysis of Thin Surface Layers of Solids (1971)

It is shown that the combination of rf glow-discharge sputtering and mass spectrometry provides a very sensitive method for determining the composition of thin surface layers of solids. The sample is immersed in an rf sputtering glow discharge and a fraction of those sputtered atoms which are ionized in the discharge by Penning ionization are monitored with a quadrupole mass filter. 1011 sputtered atom/sec can readily be detected and considerable improvement in sensitivity can easily be anticipated. The sensitivity is comparable for all elements except He, Ne, and F and is independent of the matrix in which the species are contained; i.e., standards are not required. The matrix can be electrically insulating or conducting.
Inward Pumping in Mechanical Face Seals (1969)

The hydrodynamic characteristics which produce inward pumping in mechanical face seals are studied. Solutions to Reynolds’ equation for hydrodynamic lubrication are obtained using both the short-bearing approximation and numerical iterative methods. It is found that pumping in face seals results from combined radial eccentricity and misalignment, or one circumferential surface wave. Experimental results confirm the theory.
Efficient production and enhanced tumor delivery of engineered extracellular vesicles (2016)

Extracellular vesicles (EV), including exosomes and microvesicles, are nano-sized intercellular communication vehicles that participate in a multitude of physiological processes. Due to their biological properties, they are also promising candidates for the systemic delivery of therapeutic compounds, such as cytokines, chemotherapeutic drugs, siRNAs and viral vectors. However, low EV production yield and rapid clearance of administered EV by liver macrophages limit their potential use as therapeutic vehicles. We have used a hollow-fiber bioreactor for the efficient production of bioactive EV bearing the heterodimeric cytokine complex Interleukin-15:Interleukin-15 receptor alpha. Bioreactor culture yielded ∼40-fold more EV per mL conditioned medium, as compared to conventional cell culture. Biophysical analysis and comparative proteomics suggested a more diverse population of EV in the bioreactor preparations, while serum protein contaminants were detectable only in conventional culture EV preparations. We also identified the Scavenger Receptor Class A family (SR-A) as a novel monocyte/macrophage uptake receptor for EV. In vivo blockade of SR-A with dextran sulfate dramatically decreased EV liver clearance in mice, while enhancing tumor accumulation. These findings facilitate development of EV therapeutic methods.
Spherical Harmonic Gradients for Mid-Range Illumination (2004)

Spherical harmonics are often used for compact description of incident radiance in low-frequency but distant lighting environments. For interaction with nearby emitters, computing the incident radiance at the center of an object only is not sufficient. Previous techniques then require expensive sampling of the incident radiance field at many points distributed over the object. Our technique alleviates this costly requirement using a first-order Taylor expansion of the spherical-harmonic lighting coefficients around a point. We propose an interpolation scheme based on these gradients requiring far fewer samples (one is often sufficient). We show that the gradient of the incident-radiance spherical harmonics can be computed for little additional cost compared to the coefficients alone. We introduce a semi-analytical formula to calculate this gradient at run-time and describe how a simple vertex shader can interpolate the shading. The interpolated representation of the incident radiance can be used with any low-frequency light-transfer technique.
InGaN multiple-quantum-well green light-emitting diodes on Si grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (2002)

We report the characteristics of InGaN multiple-quantum-well (MQW) green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on Si (111) substrates. The MQW LEDs were grown on Si by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using Al0.27Ga0.73N/AlN intermediate layers. The LED on Si showed an operating voltage of 7 V, a series resistance of 100 Ω, an optical output power of 20 μW, and a peak emission wavelength of 505 nm with a full width at half maximum of 33 nm at 20 mA drive current. The optical output power was half as compared to that of green LED on sapphire. The LED also exhibited a stable operation over 500 h under automatic current control (20 mA) condition at 27 °C.
Metabolism of aminotetralin analogues <i>in vivo</i> and by rat hepatocytes (1990)

Conference Article| December 01 1990 Metabolism of aminotetralin analogues in vivo and by rat hepatocytes J. NEIL DUNCAN; J. NEIL DUNCAN 1Drug Investigation and Clinical Research, Upjohn Ltd, Fleming Way, Crawley, W. Sussex RH10 2NJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar TED PARTON; TED PARTON 1Drug Investigation and Clinical Research, Upjohn Ltd, Fleming Way, Crawley, W. Sussex RH10 2NJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar TREVOR ENOS TREVOR ENOS 1Drug Investigation and Clinical Research, Upjohn Ltd, Fleming Way, Crawley, W. Sussex RH10 2NJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd Received: May 30 1990 Online ISSN: 1470-8752 Print ISSN: 0300-5127 © 1990 Biochemical Society1990 Biochem Soc Trans (1990) 18 (6): 1200–1201. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0181200 Article history Received: May 30 1990 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation J. NEIL DUNCAN, TED PARTON, TREVOR ENOS; Metabolism of aminotetralin analogues in vivo and by rat hepatocytes. Biochem Soc Trans 1 December 1990; 18 (6): 1200–1201. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0181200 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1990 Biochemical Society1990 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
The reaction of indole and the indole grignard reagent with phosgene. A facile synthesis of indole‐3‐carboxylic acid derivatives (1977)

Abstract Indole‐3‐carboxylic acid (as well as indole‐3‐glyoxylic acid) derivatives are readily prepared from indoles (including oxindoles) and phosgene (oxalyl chloride), respectively. The interaction of these reagents with the indole Grignard reagent afforded several products including the cyclo‐tetramers, 21 and 30 . Indolo‐fused heterocycles can be readily prepared from the reaction of phosgene (or oxalyl chloride) with suitable reactants. Thus e.g. , phosgene and 2‐(2‐hydroxy‐phenyl)‐ N ‐methylindole readily gave 5,6‐dihydro‐11‐methyl‐6‐oxobenzo[ a ]pyrano[4,3‐ b ] indole ( 33 ).
Blowing of oriented PET bottles: Predictions of free blown size and shape (1983)

Abstract A model of the blowing process for polyethylene terephthalate stretch blowmolded bottles is presented. This model uses a rubber constitutive relation. The free blown diameter and the stretch balance are derived from stress equilibrium. Free blow experiments show good agreement with the predictions.
Physiological inhibitors of the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase: effect of magnesium-ATP on protein-protein interactions (1993)

The catalytic (C) subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase interacts with two classes of inhibitors. The regulatory (R) subunits, types I and II, associate to form an inactive holoenzyme complex that is activated in response to cAMP. The C-subunit is also inhibited by small heat-stable protein kinase inhibitors (PKI's). Inhibition by both PKI and RI-subunit requires the synergistic high-affinity binding of MgATP. The stabilizing effect of ATP was quantitated by using analytical gel chromatography. Both the type I holoenzyme and the C.PKI complex in the presence of MgATP show apparent Kd's for subunit association that are below 0.1 nM, while in the absence of MgATP the apparent Kd's are 125 nM and 2.3 microM, respectively, for the two complexes. In the absence of MgATP both complexes also can be dissociated readily and, hence, activated by salt-induced dissociation. Under physiological salt concentrations, salt-induced dissociation would be substantial in the absence of the high-affinity binding of MgATP. In both complexes, the ATPase activity of the free C-subunit is abolished. The off rates for MgATP also indicate that the type I holoenzyme is more stable than the C.PKI complex. The off rate (t1/2) for MgATP from the C.PKI complex is 17 min, while the off rate for the type I holoenzyme is 11.7 h. When the C.PKI complex is incubated with RI-subunit in the presence or absence of MgATP, the C-subunit preferentially reassociates with the RI-subunit, forming holoenzyme. In contrast, free PKI cannot compete for the C-subunit when it is part of a holoenzyme complex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Efficient Synthesis of Quaternary and P-Stereogenic Phosphonium Triflates (2010)

An efficient and general method for the preparation of achiral and chiral phosphonium salts is reported. This synthesis is based on the quaternization of phosphines and their derivatives with arynes generated in situ from 2-(trimethylsilyl)aryl triflates. This methodology is successfully applied to the synthesis of new valuable P-stereogenic phosphonium triflates.
Ultrathin organic transistors for chemical sensing (2007)

Ultrathin cobalt phthalocyanine transistors of 4 ML have been fabricated for chemical sensing. Compared to 50 ML devices, the ultrathin transistors show faster response times, higher base line stabilities, and sensitivity enhancements of 1.5–20 for the five analytes tested. The enhanced response for the ultrathin transistors provides insight into the device physics. The absorption of analytes changes the surface doping level and trap energies. The changes in surface trap energies perturb the charge transport properties of the ultrathin devices, thereby, making these devices more sensitive.
Salivary changes and dental caries as potential oral markers of autoimmune salivary gland dysfunction in primary Sjögren's syndrome (2005)

BACKGROUND: the classification criteria for primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) include a number of oral components. In this study we evaluated if salivary flow and composition as well as dental caries are oral markers of disease severity in pSS. METHODS: in 20 patients fulfilling the American-European Consensus criteria for pSS and 20 age-matched healthy controls whole and parotid saliva flow rates and composition, measures of oral dryness, scores of decayed, missing and filled tooth surfaces (DMFS), periodontal indices, oral hygiene, and dietary habits were examined. RESULTS: in pSS, salivary flow rates, pH, and buffer capacities were lower, and DMFS, salivary sodium and chloride concentrations higher than in the healthy controls. DMFS also correlated inversely to salivary flow rates and positively to oral dryness. Apart from slightly increased gingival index, and more frequent dental visits in pSS, the periodontal condition, oral hygiene or sugar intake did not differ between these two groups. In pSS, findings were correlated to labial salivary gland focus score (FS) and presence of serum-autoantibodies to SSA/SSB (AB). The patients having both presence of AB and the highest FS (>2) also had the highest salivary sodium and chloride concentrations, the lowest salivary phosphate concentrations, lowest salivary flow rates, and highest DMFS compared to those with normal salivary concentrations of sodium and chloride at a given flow rate. CONCLUSION: the salivary changes observed in some pSS patients reflect impaired ductal salt reabsorption, but unaffected acinar transport mechanisms, despite low salivary secretion. Our results suggest that changes in salivary flow and composition as well as dental caries may serve as potential markers of the extent of autoimmune-mediated salivary gland dysfunction in pSS. The study also indicates that the ductal epithelium is functionally affected in some pSS patients, which calls for future pathophysiological studies on the mechanisms underlying this impaired salt reabsorption.