gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-repetition-rate coherent femtosecond pulse amplification with an external passive optical cavity (2004)

We demonstrate a general technique for enhancement of femtosecond pulses from a pulse train through their coherent buildup inside a high-finesse cavity. Periodic extraction of the intracavity pulse by means of a fast switch provides a net energy gain of 42 to >70 times for 38-58-fs pulse durations. Starting with an actively stabilized but otherwise standard mode-locked laser system, we demonstrate pulses of >200-nJ energy.
On the deformational characteristics of porous polymeric tubes (1992)

Abstract The deformational behavior of the porous polymeric tube in the operational period has been studied. The tubes are prepared from a polymeric composition consisting of low‐density polyethylene and vulcanized rubber particles. It is established that during operation the tubes undergo only radial elastic deformation. A threshold pressure is necessary to initiate the radial deformation. At a constant pressure, the radial deformation increases with an increase in the polyethylene content in the tube material. The stress necessary to break the tubes during operation is much lower than the tensile strength.
Sparse representation based anomaly detection using HOMV in H.264 compressed videos (2014)

In this paper, we have proposed an anomaly detection algorithm based on Histogram of Oriented Motion Vectors (HOMV) [1] in sparse representation framework. Usual behavior is learned at each location by sparsely representing the HOMVs over learnt normal feature bases obtained using an online dictionary learning algorithm. In the end, anomaly is detected based on the likelihood of the occurrence of sparse coefficients at that location. The proposed approach is found to be robust compared to existing methods as demonstrated in the experiments on UCSD Ped1 and UCSD Ped2 datasets.
Atomic chlorine concentration measurements in a plasma etching reactor. II. A simple predictive model (1987)

Atomic chlorine concentrations in Cl2 plasmas have been measured using the technique of infrared absorption spectroscopy. A wide range of plasma conditions were examined, including power input densities of 0.05–0.5 W/cm−3, pressures of 200–800 mTorr, and excitation frequencies of 0.1–13.5 MHz. A simple kinetic model accurately predicts atomic chlorine concentrations as a function of discharge parameters. The primary source of atomic chlorine was assumed to be an electron-impact dissociation of Cl2, and the reaction rate coefficient was assumed to be independent of plasma conditions. The electron density was estimated from a plasma impedance analysis. The depletion of atomic chlorine was successfully modeled assuming second-order recombination on the electrode surfaces; depletion by gas-gas recombination and by flow from the reactor were insignificant over the range of plasma conditions studied. Because the diffusion of atomic chlorine is fast relative to the formation and depletion rates, the atomic chlorine concentration is fairly independent of interelectrode position. Atomic chlorine concentrations were accurately represented by the equation [Cl]=3.5×108 [e−]0.5P0.5, where [Cl] and [e−] are in cm−3 and P is in mTorr.
Heterocycles from N-ethoxycarbonylthioamides and dinucleophilic reagents. 1. Dihydro-1,2,4-triazolones and 1,2,4-oxadiazolones (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeterocycles from N-ethoxycarbonylthioamides and dinucleophilic reagents. 1. Dihydro-1,2,4-triazolones and 1,2,4-oxadiazolonesBabu George and Eleftherios P. PapadopoulosCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 20, 3233–3237Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00882a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00882a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views671Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The design and implementation of HoME (1992)

HoME is a version of Smalltalk which can be efficiently executed on a multiprocessor and can be executed in parallel by combining a Smalltalk process with a Mach thread and executing the process on the thread. HoME is nearly the same as ordinary Smalltalk except that multiple processes may execute in parallel. Thus, almost all applications running on ordinary Smalltalk can be executed on HoME without changes in their code.
Simian Virus 40 DNA Replication in Isolated Replicating Viral Chromosomes (1978)

Three subnuclear systems capable of continuing many aspects of simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA replication were characterized in an effort to define the minimum requirements for "normal" DNA replication in vitro. Nuclear extracts, prepared by incubating nuclei isolated from SV40-infected CV-1 cells in a hypotonic buffer to release both SV40 replicating and mature chromosomes, were either centrifuged to separate the total SV40 nucleoprotein complexes from the soluble nucleosol or fractionated on sucrose gradients to provide purified SV40 replicating chromosomes. With nuclear extracts, CV-1 cell cytosol stimulated total DNA synthesis, elongation of nascent DNA chains, maturation and joining of "Okazaki pieces," and the conversion of replicating viral DNA into covalently closed, superhelical DNA. Nucleoprotein complexes responded similarly, but frequently the response was reduced by 10 to 30%. In contrast, isolated replicating chromosomes in the presence of cytosol appeared only to complete and join Okazaki pieces already present on the template; without cytosol, Okazaki pieces incorporated alpha-(32)P-labeled deoxynucleoside triphosphates but failed to join. Consequently, replicating chromosomes failed to extensively continue nascent DNA chain growth, and the conversion of viral replicating DNA into mature DNA was seven to eight times less than that observed in nuclear extracts. Addition of neither cytosol nor nucleosol corrected this problem. In the presence of cytosol, nonspecific endonuclease activity was not a problem in any of the three in vitro systems. Extensive purification of replicating chromosomes was limited by three as yet irreversible phenomena. First, replicating chromosomes isolated in a low-ionic-strength medium had a limited capability to continue DNA synthesis. Second, diluting either nuclear extracts or replicating chromosomes before incubation in vitro stimulated total DNA synthesis but was accompanied by the simultaneous appearance of small-molecular-weight nascent DNA not associated with intact viral DNA templates and a decrease in the synthesis of covalently closed viral DNA. Although this second phenomenon appeared similar to the first, template concentration alone could not account for the failure of purified replicating chromosomes to yield covalently closed DNA. Finally, preparation of nucleoprotein complexes in increasing concentrations of NaCl progressively decreased their ability to continue DNA replication. Exposure to 0.3 M NaCl removed one or more factors required for DNA synthesis which could be replaced by addition of cytosol. However, higher NaCl concentrations yielded nucleoprotein complexes that had relatively no endogenous DNA synthesis activity and that no longer responded to cytosol. These data demonstrate that continuation of endogenous DNA replication in vitro requires both the soluble cytosol fraction and a complex nucleoprotein template whose ability to continue DNA synthesis depends on its concentration and ionic environment during its preparation.
A Comparative Study of the Morphology of 3C-SiC Grown at Different C/Si Ratios (2009)

A comparative study of the morphology of 3C-SiC films prepared with different C:Si ratios is presented. The silane precursor controls the growth rate at all values of C:Si ratio but combined of observations using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) indicates that the C:Si ratio is critical in determining the grain size and at values of C:Si close to 1 texturing and faceting become evident. Makyoh Topography reveals various surface defects, a slight mesoscale roughness and bending of the epiwafers.
An Operational Model and Language Support for Securing Web Services (2007)

In this paper, we propose an operational model to support the security of Web services. In addition to satisfying the basic security requirements, including authentication, confidentiality, data integrity, and nonrepudiation, the proposed model supports security mechanisms such as element-wise encryption and temporal-based element-wise digital signatures. Furthermore, the proposed model supports a flexible key specification scheme called explicit key definition, which can be used to define three different types of keys: static keys, dynamically selected keys, and keys applied to digital signatures. The service requester can determine the identity of the keys used without negotiating with the service provider. The implementation and experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed system.
Substrate properties of 25-nt parallel-stranded linear DNA duplexes (1989)

Four 25-nt oligonucleotides consisting of sequences of dA and dT (D1-4) have been synthesized. As shown in a companion paper (Rippe et al., 1989), the two combinations D1.D3 and D2.D4 form normal antiparallel duplexes, whereas the pairs D1.D2 and D3.D4 constitute duplexes with the same sequences, but with the two strands parallel to each other. The activities of the following DNA processing enzymes and chemical reagents on the parallel stranded (ps) and antiparallel stranded (aps) duplexes were tested. (i) The restriction endonucleases DraI, SspI, and MseI do not cut the ps duplexes. (ii) DNase I and exonuclease III exhibit a much lower activity with the ps duplexes. (iii) The nuclease activities of S 1 nuclease, micrococcal nuclease (S 7), phage lambda 5'-exonuclease, and the 3'-5' nuclease activity of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I and its large fragment are higher with the ps than with the aps substrates. (iv) Bal 31 nuclease and the chemical nuclease 1,10-phenanthroline-copper ion [(OP)2Cu+] degrade ps-DNA and aps-DNA at approximately the same rate but show preferred cutting sites only with the aps molecules. (v) The iron(II)-EDTA complex has equivalent nuclease activities with the ps and the aps molecules. (vi) The ps duplex is not a substrate for blunt-end ligation with phage T4 DNA ligase.
A Photoelectronic Counter for Colloidal Particles<sup>1</sup> (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Photoelectronic Counter for Colloidal Particles1Frank T. Gucker Jr., Chester T. O'Konski, Hugh B. Pickard, and James N. Pitts Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 10, 2422–2431Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01202a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01202a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views347Altmetric-Citations102LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Treatment of Hypertensive Diabetic Patients (1988)

This article briefly reviews the literature on the incidence of hypertension in the diabetic population, the risks associated with this combination of conditions, and the nonpharmacologic and other therapies available to lower blood pressure in these patients. Although several studies of nonpharmacologic therapies and diuretics are considered, the emphasis is on the reported advantages and disadvantages of beta-blockers, centrally acting agents, alpha-adrenergic-blocking agents, calcium-channel blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.
Miniaturized stripline dual-mode ring resonators and their application to oscillating devices (2002)

Novel structures of miniaturized stripline Dual-Mode Resonators (DMRs) have been proposed, and their fundamental properties related to orthogonal modes are analytically derived. DMRs have attractive features which will provide many distinctive oscillating circuits. Experimental oscillating devices such as oscipliers and low phase noise voltage controlled oscillators using miniaturized DMRs are expected to have a practical use for various kinds of radio equipment in the RF and microwave regions. Moreover, this design concept is applicable for millimeter wave oscillators or smaller.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Conformational plasticity of IgG during protein A affinity chromatography (2016)

Single step elution of a protein A column with 100mM acetate pH 3.5 produced a curvilinear gradient with pH dropping steeply at first then more gradually as it approached endpoint. IgG with a native hydrodynamic diameter of 11.5 nm began to elute at pH 6.0 with a size of 9.4 nm. IgG size continued to decrease across the peak, reaching a minimum of 2.2 nm at pH 3.9. Secondary structure of early eluting IgG was only mildly affected but later eluting fractions became increasingly non-native with the 2.2 nm population exhibiting the highest proportion of β-sheet and lowest random coil of all conformations. Size reduction and structural change of IgG through this portion of the elution peak were attributed dominantly to a pre-existing tendency of highly concentrated IgG to adopt reduced size conformations at low pH and conductivity, facilitated by the known conformational relaxation of IgG by its interaction with protein A. IgG size increased to 10.4 nm as elution pH approached 3.5 across the tailing fractions. Major loss of β-sheet and increase of α-helix and random coil were observed in parallel. Late elution of this population was attributed to it being eluted from interactions with 2 distinct protein A domains, one bound to each side of the Fc region, creating a higher dissociation constant than single-site Fc-protein A interactions, and requiring more severely disruptive conditions for elution. The high degree of conformational disruption was attributed to simultaneous interaction of both heavy chains with protein A.
D-Mannosan<1,5>β<1,6> or Levomannosan<sup>1</sup> (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTD-Mannosan<1,5>β<1,6> or Levomannosan1A. E. Knauf, Raymond M. Hann, and C. S. HudsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 5, 1447–1451Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01850a088https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01850a088research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views161Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Digital 3D Local Growth of Iron Oxide Micro- and Nanorods by Laser-Induced Photothermal Chemical Liquid Growth (2014)

We introduce laser growth of iron oxide micro and nanorods by the photothermal chemical liquid growth method at low temperature, ambient pressure, and solution environment. By focusing a 532 nm continuous-wave laser on a Pt substrate immersed in iron oxide precursor solution, vertically aligned iron oxide micro- and nanorods are successfully fabricated with the length up to >100 μm, whereas the length can be easily controlled by changing the laser power or the illumination time. It is also found that the direction of the laser ray determines the growth direction of the iron oxide micro- and nanorods, which is the property that makes this process suitable for the fabrication of complex 3D structures as confirmed by making an iron oxide junction and kinked iron oxide microrod structure. Moreover, the resultant iron oxide microrod is applied as a microtemplate for the growth of nanostructure to show that this process can be further integrated to other 3D structures to achieve trans-scale hierarchical structures.
Sex, drugs, and driving (2007)

This dissertation abstract describes research on the effects of marijuana on automobile drivers, focusing on the differences between men and women under the influence of marijuana. Although previous research has shown that many drugs affect men and women differently, fewer than 25% of the studies exploring the effects of marijuana use on driving performance have included women. This doctoral study examined gender differences in the acute effects of marijuana on cognition and driving performance. The study found no gender differences. Participants under the influence of marijuana performed comparably to those participants who received a placebo cigarette on the driving assessment. Marijuana use was found to impair tasks of selective and divided attention, time estimation, and executive function.
A comprehensive review of microbial electrolysis cells (MEC) reactor designs and configurations for sustainable hydrogen gas production (2015)

Hydrogen gas has tremendous potential as an environmentally acceptable energy carrier for vehicles. A cutting edge technology called a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) can achieve sustainable and clean hydrogen production from a wide range of renewable biomass and wastewaters. Enhancing the hydrogen production rate and lowering the energy input are the main challenges of MEC technology. MEC reactor design is one of the crucial factors which directly influence on hydrogen and current production rate in MECs. The rector design is also a key factor to up-scaling. Traditional MEC designs incorporated membranes, but it was recently shown that membrane-free designs can lead to both high hydrogen recoveries and production rates. Since then multiple studies have developed reactors that operate without membranes. This review provides a brief overview of recent advances in research on scalable MEC reactor design and configurations.
EZH2 promotes angiogenesis through inhibition of miR-1/Endothelin-1 axis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (2014)

Emerging evidence clearly indicates that EZH2 plays a crucial role in tumor angiogenesis. However, the role of EZH2 in angiogenesis is still unknown in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We here showed that the elevated EZH2 level was closely associated with an aggressive and poor prognostic phenotype, and was positively correlated with microvessel density (MVD) in NPC tissues. Functional studies showed that EZH2 upregulation promoted cell proliferation, migration and tubule formation of endothelial cells, and knockdown of EZH2 suppressed tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis in vivo. Mechanistic investigations revealed that EZH2 inhibited miR-1 transcription via promoter binding activity, leading to enhanced expression of Endothelin-1 (ET-1) which is suppressed by miR-1 targeting of ET-1 3'UTR. Furthermore, knockdown of EZH2 or overexpression of miR-1 exerted anti-angiogenic effect on NPC cells. More importantly, the neutralizing antibody against ET-1 significantly abrogated the pro-angiogenic effect of EZH2, and forced expression of ET-1 rescued the anti-angiogenic effect induced by EZH2 knockdown. In clinical specimens, ET-1 was widely overexpressed and associated with clinical stage and MVD. Taken together, our results identify a novel signaling pathway involved in NPC angiogenesis, and also suggest that EZH2-miR-1-ET-1 axis represents multiple potential therapeutic targets for NPC.
The current state of eukaryotic DNA base damage and repair (2015)

DNA damage is a natural hazard of life. The most common DNA lesions are base, sugar, and single-strand break damage resulting from oxidation, alkylation, deamination, and spontaneous hydrolysis. If left unrepaired, such lesions can become fixed in the genome as permanent mutations. Thus, evolution has led to the creation of several highly conserved, partially redundant pathways to repair or mitigate the effects of DNA base damage. The biochemical mechanisms of these pathways have been well characterized and the impact of this work was recently highlighted by the selection of Tomas Lindahl, Aziz Sancar and Paul Modrich as the recipients of the 2015 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their seminal work in defining DNA repair pathways. However, how these repair pathways are regulated and interconnected is still being elucidated. This review focuses on the classical base excision repair and strand incision pathways in eukaryotes, considering both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and humans, and extends to some important questions and challenges facing the field of DNA base damage repair.