gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Thermal Processing for c-Si Solar Cell Manufacturing (2010)

Thermal processing is an integral part of crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cell manufacturing technology. It is often applied to achieve diffusion, annealing, oxidation, deposition, or reaction process steps in a production environment. This paper reports recent developments in thermal process technology that enable the industry to improve cell efficiency and manufacturing productivity for the standard c-Si cell technology. Especially, continuous inline thermal equipment is adopted in many critical c-Si cell fabrication stages, from emitter formation by dopant diffusion, contact formation by rapid thermal sintering of metallic pastes, to hydrogen annealing to rescue low-efficiency cells.
Algorithms for acoustic prosodic analysis (2005)

Algorithms have been implemented for finding voiced regions, estimating Fo on a perceptually-useful tone scale, detecting syllabic nuclei and delimiting the syllabic nucleus, smoothing Fo in either straightforward left-to-right form or by island-driven analysis centered on syllabic nuclei, detecting phrase boundaries from Fo valleys, and assigning stresses based on context-dependent combinations of acoustic cues. Experiments showed that island-driven smoothing of Fo contours yields more corrections and smoother, flatter contours than left-to-right smoothing yields, especially at onsets of voiced regions and in fast speech.
[A cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy pedigree: clinical pathology, neuroimaging and molecular genetics studies]. (2011)

The pedigree is diagnosed with CADASIL. The main cause can be attributed to a mutation of C144Y in the fourth exon of Notch 3 gene. The pedigree has enriched Chinese database of CADASIL.
Virtuality and reality: a video/graphics environment for teleoperation (2002)

Visual feedback for teleoperation ranges from simple video to pure model-based graphics (virtual environments). An optimal approach may be a hybrid of the two, designed to meet task requirements. A set of requirements for operator graphics aids to be used in space teleoperation tasks and a number of working concepts to be tested in the Goddard Space Flight Center robotics laboratory have been developed. A description is presented of the problem domain, the generated graphics aid requirements, and the concepts.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Copy Number Analysis Identifies Novel Interactions Between Genomic Loci in Ovarian Cancer (2010)

Ovarian cancer is a heterogeneous disease displaying complex genomic alterations, and consequently, it has been difficult to determine the most relevant copy number alterations with the scale of studies to date. We obtained genome-wide copy number alteration (CNA) data from four different SNP array platforms, with a final data set of 398 ovarian tumours, mostly of the serous histological subtype. Frequent CNA aberrations targeted many thousands of genes. However, high-level amplicons and homozygous deletions enabled filtering of this list to the most relevant. The large data set enabled refinement of minimal regions and identification of rare amplicons such as at 1p34 and 20q11. We performed a novel co-occurrence analysis to assess cooperation and exclusivity of CNAs and analysed their relationship to patient outcome. Positive associations were identified between gains on 19 and 20q, gain of 20q and loss of X, and between several regions of loss, particularly 17q. We found weak correlations of CNA at genomic loci such as 19q12 with clinical outcome. We also assessed genomic instability measures and found a correlation of the number of higher amplitude gains with poorer overall survival. By assembling the largest collection of ovarian copy number data to date, we have been able to identify the most frequent aberrations and their interactions.
Sorption-induced static bending of microcantilevers coated with viscoelastic material (2008)

Absorption of a chemical analyte into a polymer coating results in an expansion governed by the concentration and type of analyte that has diffused into the bulk of the coating. When the coating is attached to a microcantilever, this expansion results in bending of the device. Assuming that absorption (i.e., diffusion across the surface barrier into the bulk of the coating) is Fickian, with a rate of absorption that is proportional to the difference between the absorbed concentration and the equilibrium concentration, and the coating is elastic, the bending response of the coated device should exhibit a first-order behavior. However, for polymer coatings, complex behaviors exhibiting an overshoot that slowly decays to the steady-state value have been observed. A theoretical model of absorption-induced static bending of a microcantilever coated with a viscoelastic material is presented, starting from the general stress/strain relationship for a viscoelastic material. The model accounts for viscoelastic stress relaxation and possible coating plasticization. Calculated responses show that the model is capable of reproducing the same transient behavior exhibited in the experimental data. The theory presented can also be used for extracting viscoelastic properties of the coating from the measured bending data.
Cholesterol lowering effect of spirulina. (1988)

Extract: The effect of Spirulina on serum lipids was studied in 30 healthy male volunteers who had mild hyperlipidemia or mild hypertension through the screening test of applicants. Subjects were divided into two groups (A and B); group A subjects were given 4.2 grams of Spirulina per day for eight weeks and group B subjects were given the same amount of Spirulina for the first four weeks and for the next four weeks, they were observed without giving the agent. Total serum cholesterol was reduced significantly by giving Spirulina and when medication was discontinued in group B, it returned to baseline. The reduction was more marked in hypercholesterolemic subjects and the subjects who were taking higher amount of cholesterol. While HDL-cholesterol showed no significant changes, a slight increasing tendency was observed. There were no changes in serum triglyceride and body weight. No adverse effects were observed. Spirulina, which is at present used as a highly nutritious food, has been proven through this experiment to have serum cholesterol reduction effect.
Comparative Evaluation between a Modified CFP Separator and All Other Available Oil-Water Separation Techniques (1998)

Abstract Oily water treating equipment are categorized as 1) primary treatment equipment to remove bulk oil and to protect the downstream facilities from surges and upset conditions, 2) secondary treatment equipment to refine the water, or 3) tertiary treatment equipment to polish the water. The mission of this paper had been tailored to make a comparative evaluation between the operation/effectiveness of a developed CFP (Cross Flow Pack) separator and all other available oil-water separation techniques. Data obtained from this study revealed that economics, size of equipment and simplicity of operation favored only traditional oil-water separation facility to do the essential primary treatment. The CFP separator is one of the facilities which could be used effectively for oil-water separation process because it is 1) inexpensive, 2) occupies a small area and 3) has low operating cost, has the potential to recover all oil droplets bigger than 30 micron. Therefore, to meet environmental regulations while using these facilities, it is necessary to continue the study and research to improve its effectiveness.
Dithering and ΣΔ modulation in mono-bit digital receivers for ultra-wideband communications (2004)

Ultra-wideband (UWB) systems employ short, low power pulses. Analog receiver designs can accommodate the required bandwidths, but come at a cost of reduced flexibility. Digital approaches, on the other hand, provide flexibility in receiver signal processing but are limited by analog-to-digital (ADC) resolution and power consumption. In this paper we consider reduced complexity digital receivers, in which the ADC is limited to a single bit per sample. We study three one-bit ADC schemes: fixed reference, stochastic reference, and sigma-delta modulation (SDM). These are compared for two types of receivers based on (i) matched filtering, and (ii) a transmitted-reference. Bit error rate (BER) expressions are developed for these systems, and compared to full resolution implementations with negligible quantization error. The analysis includes the impact of quantization noise, filtering, and oversampling. In particular, for an additive white Gaussian noise channel, we show that the SDM scheme with oversampling can achieve the BER performance of a full resolution digital receiver.
Measurement of induced electric fields in a phantom model of man (1982)

An implantable electric field probe with an interference‐free lead wire system was constructed at a nominal cost for the purpose of measuring the induced electric fields in a phantom model of man irradiated by waves of various frequencies. The probe consisted of a short dipole loaded with a zero‐bias microwave diode, and the interference‐free lead wires were constructed with two series of lumped resistors of 3 k Ω. Characteristics of the probe were checked first by measuring the induced electric fields in irradiated, electrically small cubes filled with phantom material. The measured results were in good agreement with theoretical results obtained from the tensor integral equation method. A phantom model of man was constructed with thin Plexiglas filled with phantom material. The model was irradiated by 500‐ to 3000‐MHz em waves in a microwave anechoic chamber. Induced electric fields were probed over 28 locations in one side of the model. The distribution of the measured electric fields was compared with the distribution of theoretical results obtained numerically from the tensor integral equation methods. A qualitative agreement was obtained between experiment and theory. It was found that the agreement between experiment and theory tended to deteriorate at lower frequencies. The reason for this discrepancy is explained.
Karpas (1915)

DID^p) Dl^^p hergestellt wird.
Optical transitions and frequency upconversion emission of Er3+ ions in Ga2S3–GeS2–La2S3 glasses (1998)

Spectroscopic properties of Er3+ in Ga2S3–GeS2–La2S3 glasses are investigated on the basis of the spontaneous emission probabilities calculated by the use of the Judd–Ofelt theory and lifetime data. Frequency upconversion spectra are also measured with excitation at 800 and 980 nm. The spontaneous emission probabilities are much larger than those of the other glass systems such as oxides and fluorides. This is mainly attributed to the large refractive indices of the sulfide glasses. The quantum efficiencies of I11/24 and F9/24 levels are comparable or larger than the typical values of Er3+ in a fluoride glass. This is a consequence of the large spontaneous emission probabilities and low phonon energies of the sulfide glasses. However, the quantum efficiency of the S3/24 level is less than one-half of the value in the fluoride glass. The nonradiative transition probability of the S3/24 level is much larger than the value which is evaluated from the multiphonon relaxation theory. This suggests the presence of the other nonradiative relaxation process in addition to the multiphonon relaxation. This process is considered to be the energy transfer from the excited Er3+ to the band-gap excitation of the matrix glass. In upconversion spectra, the 497 nm emission from the F7/24 level is observed in addition to the red (665 nm) and the green (533 and 552 nm) emission bands.
A Case of Bronchial Papilloma (2002)

Bronchial papilloma is a rare disease which most commonly manifests as an epithelial tumor consisting of polypoid interstitial tissues and epithelioid cells. This benign tumor comprises 2-5 % of primary lung tumors and papilloma derived from the bronchial epithelium, and is a rare benign tumor in adults. Bronchial papilloma has a poor prognosis with a high risk of developing a malignancy.We report a case of a bronchial papilloma in a 62-year-old female patient, presenting with hemoptysis and an endobronchial lesion with a brief review of the relevant literature.
From Dietary Glucose To Liver Glycogen: The Full Circle Round (1987)

The objective of this review is to provide an overview of intermittent fasting regimens, summarize the evidence on the health benefits of intermittent fasting, and discuss physiological mechanisms by which intermittent fasting might lead to improved ...Read More
Expression and localization of transforming growth factor-beta receptors type I and type II in the rat ventral prostate during regression (1996)

Of the three ubiquitously expressed transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) receptors, only type I and type II receptors contain serine/threonine kinase activity and have a direct role in TGF beta signal transduction. In the prostate, it has been reported that the level of type III receptor expression increases transiently after castration. However, the relationship between the TGF beta signaling receptors, type I and type II, and androgen is currently unclear. Thus, in the present study, we made an initial attempt to elucidate the effect of androgen on type I and type II receptor expression in the rat ventral prostate by measuring the levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein at specific time points after castration up to 10 days. Within 3 days after castration, an increase in type II receptor mRNA was observed in the prostate, and the level continued to rise until 7 days postcastration (approximately 8-fold increase). Between days 7-10 postcastration, no significant change in the level of type II receptor mRNA was observed. Testosterone administration immediately after castration abolished the induction of type II receptor mRNA during the same 10-day period. Western blot analysis performed for type II receptor showed a similar result, in that the level of type II receptor protein increased approximately 5-fold by day 10 postcastration. In a similar manner to the expression of type II receptor mRNA, the level of type I receptor mRNA increased steadily until day 7 postcastration (approximately 6-fold increase). Between days 7-10 postcastration, the level of type I receptor mRNA did not change significantly. As with type II receptor mRNA, the induction of type I receptor mRNA was suppressed when testosterone was administered immediately after castration. To localize the expression of TGF beta receptor type II, immunohistochemical studies were performed. The results of these studies demonstrated a preferential localization of type II receptor in the prostatic epithelial cells and an increased staining intensity for the receptor after castration. Taken together, these data indicate that TGF beta signaling receptors, type I and type II, are under negative androgenic regulation at the transcriptional level and that TGF beta may be an important regulator of a stromal-epithelial interaction in the rat ventral prostate.
Power Optimization with Performance Assurance for Multi-tier Applications in Virtualized Data Centers (2010)

Modern data centers must provide performance assurance for complex system software such as multi-tier web applications. In addition, the power consumption of data centers needs to be minimized to reduce operating costs and avoid system overheating. Various power-efficient performance management strategies have been proposed based on dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS). Virtualization technologies have also made it possible to consolidate multiple virtual machines (VMs) onto a smaller number of active physical servers for even greater power savings, but at the cost of a higher overhead. This paper proposes a performance-controlled power optimization solution for virtualized data centers with multi-tier applications. While existing work relies on either DVFS or server consolidation in a separate manner, our solution utilizes both strategies for maximized power savings by integrating feedback control with optimization strategies. At the application level, a multi-input-multi-output controller is designed to achieve the desired performance for applications spanning multiple VMs, on a short time scale, by reallocating the CPU resources and DVFS. At the data center level, a power optimizer is proposed to incrementally consolidate VMs onto the most power-efficient servers on a longer time scale. Empirical results on a hardware testbed demonstrate that our solution can effectively achieve performance-assured power savings. Extensive simulation results, based on a trace file of 5,415 real servers, demonstrate the efficacy of our solution in large-scale data centers.
Studies on Campodea (Diplura) : the anatomy of the glands and sense-organs of the head (1963)

ABSTRACT Recent studies of the cephalic glands of Campodea have shown previous descriptions to be misleading in several respects. The campodeid salivary glands lie in the posterolateral parts of the head capsule and each is composed of a much-coiled ‘labyrinth’ and a distal end-sac. The histology of the two regions differs greatly, and although a little secretory activity has been observed in the end-sac, the labyrinth appears to be responsible for secreting most of the definitive saliva. The latter is passed to the outside down a median duct which opens between the ‘setigerous plates’ of the labium. Although the salivary glands of Campodea have homologues in other apterygote insects and the myriapods, the homology of the second pair of cephalic organs, the lobulate glands, is obscure. These glands, which are situated in the head and the anterior part of the prothorax, are composed of cells arranged around a system of ducts opening into the cephalic haemocoel. The ducts contain acidophil material which is secreted by the gland cells and numerous small cells which are perhaps haemocytes. The size of the lobulate glands relative to the size of the body increases as the animal matures, and it is possible that they are responsible for secreting some form of growth hormone. The cheek glands are situated beneath the epidermis of the lateral part of the head capsule and are composed of two different types of cells ; their homology and function are unknown. The paired lateral sense-organs also lie beneath the cephalic epidermis, but each is a bowl-shaped structure composed of numerous bifid sensory cells. The latter are innervated and each contains a bifid sensory rod. The distal prolongations of the sensory cells are interpolated between accessory cells whose cytoplasm contains granules. The latter may be either proximally or distally situated in the cell but are not composed of pigment. The definitive structure of these senseorgans is only attained in the sexually mature insect and they are only represented by disorganized groups of cells in the nymphs. Preliminary experiments are described which indicate that the lateral sense-organs are not concerned with the perception of optical stimuli and their function and similarities to other insect sense-organs are discussed.
The Colortek Optical Stereophonic Sound Film System (1978)

Colortek is an optical sound system rendering four separate unilateral variable-area audio tracks and a central control track, all within the area of the present monophonic variable-area and variable-density soundtrack location as defined by American National Standard PH22.40–1967. The innovative design of the system employs, as a sound reader, a charge-coupled-device scanner (CCD scanner) and applies video technology to the read-out of soundtracks. It scans the four soundtracks transversally at 10 MHz, resulting in a CCD frame rate of 40 kHz, as the tracks pass longitudinally at the normal speed of 24 film frames/s (457.2 mm/s) through the sound reader. The electronic drive of a Westrex light valve has been modified to obtain the new soundtrack configuration. No ground-noise-reduction device or circuit has been incorporated, because the design of the CCD scanner suppresses ground noise almost completely. The soundtrack may also be reproduced on projectors with a normal optical soundhead. However, due to the use of electronic companding and to the lack of ground-noise suppression, the reproducing electronics should be modified to reproduce the four-track format correctly. This format can be reproduced monophonically as well as stereophonically. Both the frequency and dynamic ranges of the recording light valve have been extended to achieve faithful transfer from the magnetic to the photographic printing medium and faithful reproduction in the theater. By the use of matrix encoding, the system can be extended to accommodate six separate channels of sound for surround sound effects in 35mm theatrical presentation. The narrow center control track serves several purposes: (1) it enables the CCD scanner to recognize and compensate automatically for any side weave of the soundtrack; (2) it serves as an image-spread monitor for correcting, within limits, distortions caused by image spread; (3) it can be used to trigger special sound effects or auditorium speaker groups as encoded on the control track; (4) it also can be used for automatized general theater operation. A specially designed compander completes the system.
Effect of β-Hydroxybutyrate, a Cerebral Function Improving Agent, on Cerebral Hypoxia, Anoxia and Ischemia in Mice and Rats (2001)

Although improving energy metabolism in ischemic brain has been accepted for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases, administration of glucose, as an energy substrate, would aggravate ischemic brain damage via activating anaerobic glycolysis, which leads to lactate accumulation. Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is one of the ketone bodies that can be utilized as an energy source during starvation. The purpose of our study was to define the protective effects of BHB on brain damage induced by hypoxia, anoxia and ischemia. The isotonic solution of BHB administered 30 min before the induction of ischemia at doses over 50 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1) showed remarkable protective effects against hypoxia and anoxia. BHB administered immediately after a bilateral carotid artery ligation at a dose of 30 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1) significantly suppressed the elevation of cerebral water and sodium contents as well as maintaining high ATP and low lactate levels. In contrast, glycerin, a hypertonic agent, substantially reduced the water content but did not show any significant effect on other parameters. We demonstrated that BHB, unlike glycerin, when used as an energy substrate in ischemic brain, has protective effects on cerebral hypoxia, anoxia and ischemia-induced metabolic change.