gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ISO transport services on top of the TCP: Version 3 (1987)

This memo specifies a standard for the Internet community. Hosts on
the Internet that choose to implement ISO transport services on top of
the TCP are expected to adopt and implement this standard. TCP port
102 is reserved for hosts which implement this standard. This memo
specifies version 3 of the protocol and supersedes RFC-983. Changes
between the protocol is described in RFC-983 and this memo are minor,
but unfortunately incompatible.
<title>Blue noise and model-based halftoning</title> (1994)

`Model-based' halftoning techniques use models of visual perception and printing to produce high quality images using standard laser printers. Blue-noise screening is a dispersed-dot ordered dither technique that attempts to approximate the performance of error diffusion with much faster execution time. We use printer and visual system models to improve the design of blue-noise screens using the `void-and-cluster' method. We show that, even with these improvements, the performance of blue-noise screens does not match that of the model-based techniques. We show that using blue-noise screened images as the starting point of the least- squares model-based (LSMB) algorithm results in halftones inferior to those obtained with modified error diffusion (MED) starting points. We also use simulated annealing to try to find the global optimum of the least-squares problem. Images found this way do not have significantly lower error than those resulting from the simple iterative LSMB technique starting with MED. This result indicates that the simple iterative LSMB algorithm with a MED starting point yields a solution close to the globally optimal solution of the least-squares problem.
Growth‐dependent bacterial susceptibility to ribosome‐targeting antibiotics (2015)

Bacterial growth environment strongly influences the efficacy of antibiotic treatment, with slow growth often being associated with decreased susceptibility. Yet in many cases, the connection between antibiotic susceptibility and pathogen physiology remains unclear. We show that for ribosome-targeting antibiotics acting on Escherichia coli, a complex interplay exists between physiology and antibiotic action; for some antibiotics within this class, faster growth indeed increases susceptibility, but for other antibiotics, the opposite is true. Remarkably, these observations can be explained by a simple mathematical model that combines drug transport and binding with physiological constraints. Our model reveals that growth-dependent susceptibility is controlled by a single parameter characterizing the ‘reversibility’ of ribosome-targeting antibiotic transport and binding. This parameter provides a spectrum classification of antibiotic growth-dependent efficacy that appears to correspond at its extremes to existing binary classification schemes. In these limits, the model predicts universal, parameter-free limiting forms for growth inhibition curves. The model also leads to nontrivial predictions for the drug susceptibility of a translation mutant strain of E. coli, which we verify experimentally. Drug action and bacterial metabolism are mechanistically complex; nevertheless, this study illustrates how coarse-grained models can be used to integrate pathogen physiology into drug design and treatment strategies.
Low-Dose Iloprost Infusion Improves Insulin Action in Aged Healthy Subjects and NIDDM Patients (1995)

Iloprost infusion improves insulin action in healthy subjects and NIDDM patients.
Phase Transformation of Binder Metal in Cemented Carbides (1967)

The binder phase (γ) of WC-Co type sintered alloys has been accepted as fcc metal. However, it was found that under the external stresses the binder phase of the alloys in particular with high carbon content transforms easily into ε phase (hcp) at low temperatures. The signficant influences of the transformation on the low temperature properties such as elastic and plastic behaviors, strength, ductility, as well as various physical properties including lattice defects have been suggested.
Immunologic evidence for the in situ deposition of a cytoplasmic streptococcal antigen (endostreptosin) on the glomerular basement membrane in rats. (1990)

Endostreptosin (ESS) is an antigen derived from the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane of nephritogenic group A and to a lesser extent group C and G streptococci. It is immunologically not related to streptococcal exoenzymes or the streptococcal cell wall and can be detected on the endothelial side of the glomerular basement membrane of kidney biopsies of patients with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (ASGN) during the early phase of the disease. Highest and most persistent antibody titers to this antigen are found in patients with ASGN. Immunoaffinity isolated ESS was injected i.v. into the tail vein of Wistar Furth (W/FU) rats for up to five successive days. The animals were sacrificed on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. Frozen sections of the rat kidneys were tested by immunofluorescence against rabbit anti-ESS-antibody and against sera from patients who had recently recovered from ASGN as well as against anti-rat-IgG and C3. The basement membranes of rat kidneys were positive for ESS deposition starting from day one on, but were negative for anti-rat IgG and C3 during the first four days. Rats sacrificed on days 8-12 showed increasing deposition of IgG and C3 with decreased staining for ESS. The sera of rats sacrificed on days 1-3 had no detectable anti-ESS antibodies; whereas animals from day 4 on had low levels of anti-ESS antibodies as determined by microcomplement fixation. Control animals showed no staining for ESS, IgG, C3 as well as no detectable anti-ESS antibodies.
A positive feedback loop bi-stably activates fibroblasts (2018)

Although fibroblasts are dormant in normal tissue, they exhibit explosive activation during wound healing and perpetual activation in pathologic fibrosis and cancer stroma. The key regulatory network controlling these fibroblast dynamics is still unknown. Here, we report that Twist1, a key regulator of cancer-associated fibroblasts, directly upregulates Prrx1, which, in turn, increases the expression of Tenascin-C (TNC). TNC also increases Twist1 expression, consequently forming a Twist1-Prrx1-TNC positive feedback loop (PFL). Systems biology studies reveal that the Twist1-Prrx1-TNC PFL can function as a bistable ON/OFF switch and regulates fibroblast activation. This PFL can be irreversibly activated under pathologic conditions, leading to perpetual fibroblast activation. Sustained activation of the Twist1-Prrx1-TNC PFL reproduces fibrotic nodules similar to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in vivo and is implicated in fibrotic disease and cancer stroma. Considering that this PFL is specific to activated fibroblasts, Twist1-Prrx1-TNC PFL may be a fibroblast-specific therapeutic target to deprogram perpetually activated fibroblasts.
Expression and Characterization of a cDNA Clone Encoding an Immunodominant Surface Glycoprotein of Pneumocystis carinii (1992)

Most studies of antigens of Pneumocystis carinii have focused on an abundant, immunogenic 95- to 140-kDa surface glycoprotein referred to as gpA. Expression cloning of gpA from P. carinii obtained from ferrets resulted in isolation of colinear fragments of gpA cDNA encoding approximately 87 kDa of the core protein. Northern hybridization detected an abundant, single species of gpA-specific mRNA of 3600 nucleotides. Southern hybridization revealed gpA-specific bands only in P. carinii-infected lung genomic DNA, suggesting that gpA cDNA did not result from induction of a host lung gene. Antiserum raised against a fragment of recombinant gpA detected P. carinii cysts and isolated native P. carinii gpA, indicating retention of epitopes between the nonglycosylated recombinant gpA and glycosylated native gpA. The deduced amino acid sequence is hydrophilic and contains 12 potential N-linked glycosylation sites and 47 cysteine residues, consistent with the surface orientation of gpA on the organism and other known characteristics of the native molecule.
Effect of Ti Addition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of SiC Matrix Composites Infiltrated by Al–Si (10 wt.%)–xTi Alloy (2019)

This paper proposes a simple reactive melt infiltration process to improve the mechanical properties of silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics. SiC matrix composites were infiltrated by Al⁻Si (10 wt.%)⁻xTi melts at 900 °C for 4 h. The effects of Ti addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. The results showed that the three-point bending strength, fracture toughness (by single-edge notched beam test), and fracture toughness (by Vickers indentation method) of the SiC ceramics increased most by 34.3%, 48.5%, and 128.5%, respectively, following an infiltration with the Al⁻Si (10 wt.%)⁻Ti (15 wt.%) melt. A distinct white reaction layer mainly containing a Ti₃Si(Al)C₂ phase was formed on the surface of the composites infiltrated by Al alloys containing Ti. Ti⁻Al intermetallic compounds were scattered in the inner regions of the composites. With the increase in the Ti content (from 0 to 15 wt.%) in the Al alloy, the relative contents of Ti₃Si(Al)C₂ and Ti⁻Al intermetallic compounds increased. Compared with the fabricated composite infiltrated by an Al alloy without Ti, the fabricated composites infiltrated by Al alloys containing Ti showed improved overall mechanical properties owing to formation of higher relative content Ti₃Si(Al)C₂ phase and small amounts of Ti⁻Al intermetallic compounds.
Role of Graphite Oxide (GO) and Polyaniline (PANI) in NO<sub>2</sub> Reduction on GO-PANI Composites (2007)

Graphite oxide−polyaniline (GO-PANI) composites were obtained by mixing graphite oxide with a polyaniline salt. The extent of surface reduction of the GO and polyanline (emeraldine) was increased by calcination at 350 °C. The surface characterization was done using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal analysis, potentiometric titration, elemental analysis, and adsorption of nitrogen at its boiling point. The materials were exposed to NO2 to evaluate their activity for NO2 retention/reduction on the surface. On all samples with the reduced form of polyaniline (emeraldine), a high efficiency for NO2 reduction was observed. This efficiency was governed by the presence of PANI. Moreover, the presence of N-methylformamide solvent in the composite was determined to be an increasing factor for NO retention on the surface via its hydrogen bonding to the solvent that is interacting with the surface functional groups of graphite oxide. The calcination of GO-PANI at 350 °C reduced the GO surface, resulting in a physical mixture of graphite particles and reduced polyaniline (emeraldine). This happened because of the low thermal stability of compounds formed via the reactions of emeraldine with epoxy and carboxylic groups.
Cytochimie des leucocytes leukergiques (1957)

Summary The authors investigated leukergic leukocytes originating from the blood of rabbits. They applied cytochemical methods and have found a distinct correlation existing between glycogen, alkaline phosphatase and leukergy. Leukocytes appearing in the course of leukergic leukopoiesis are rich in glycogen and alkaline phosphatase. Glycogen constitutes an energetic material, and alkaline phosphatase is a factor determining the degree of intensity of metabolic processes of the said leukocytes. The authors consider that the results obtained by them are to be attributed to an increased immunological activity of the leukergic leukocytes. Résumé Les auteurs ont étudié, en utilisant la méthode cytochimique, les leucocytes leukergiques des lapins. Ils ont constaté une interdépendance prononcée entre le contenu de glycogêne et de phosphatase alcaline d'une part, et la leukergie d'autre part. Les leucocytes leukergiques sont abondamment pourvus de glycogène comme matière énergétique, et de phosphatase alcal i ne. Ce phénomène est en étroite liaison avec la capacité de défense antibactérienne accrue des leucocytes leukergiques. Zusammenfassung Die Autoren untersuchten mit zytochemischen Methoden leukergische Leukozyten von Kaninchen. Dabei fanden sie eine Beziehung zwischen der Leukergie und dem Gehalt der Zellen an Glykogen und Alkaliphosphatase. Bei gesteigerter Leukopoese enthalten die Leukozyten reichlich Glykogen und Alkaliphosphatase. Das Glykogen dient als Energiequelle, während die Alkaliphosphatase die Stoffwechselintensität reguliert. Die zytochemischen Befunde stehen offenbar in enger Beziehung zur erhöhten immunologischen Aktivität leukergischer Leukozyten.
Inhibition of protein synthesis <i>in vitro</i> by proteins from the seeds of <i>Momordica charantia</i> (bitter pear melon) (1980)

1. A haemagglutinating lectin was purified from the seeds of Momordica charantia by affinity chromatography on Sepharose 4B and on acid-treated Sepharose 6B. It has mol.wt. 115 000 and consists of four subunits, of mol.wts. 30 500, 29 000, 28 500 and 27 000. 2. The lectin inhibits protein synthesis by a rabbit reticulocyte lysate with an ID50 (concentration giving 50% inhibition) of approx. 5 micrograms/ml. Protein synthesis by Yoshida ascites cells is partially inhibited by the lectin at a concentration of 100 micrograms/ml. 3. From the same seeds another protein was purified which has mol.wt. 23 000 and is a very potent inhibitor of protein synthesis in the lysate system, with an ID50 of 1.8 ng/ml. This inhibitor has no effect on protein synthesis by Yoshida cells, and has no haemagglutinating properties. 4. Artemia salina ribosomes preincubated with the lectin or with the inhibitor lose their capacity to perform protein synthesis. The proteins seem to act catalytically, since they inactivate a molar excess of ribosomes. 5. The lectin and the inhibitor are somewhat toxic to mice, the LD50 being 316 and 340 micrograms/100 g body wt. respectively.
Newborn screening for congenital heart defects: a systematic review and cost-effectiveness analysis (2005)

Early detection through newborn screening potentially can improve the outcome of congenital heart defects; however the current programme performs poorly, and lacks monitoring of quality assurance, performance management and longer term outcomes. Pulse oximetry is a promising alternative newborn screening strategy but further evaluation is needed to obtain more precise estimates of test performance and to inform optimal timing, diagnostic and management strategies. Although screening echocardiography is associated with the highest detection rate, it is the most costly strategy and has a 5% false-positive rate. Improving antenatal detection of congenital heart defects increases the cost per timely postnatal diagnosis afforded by any newborn screening strategy but does not alter the relative effects of the strategies. An improvement of timely management of screen positive infants is essential. Further research is required to refine the detection rate and other aspects of pulse oximetry, to evaluate antenatal screening strategies more directly, and to investigate the psychosocial effects of newborn screening for congenital heart defects.
A Time-Driven Scheduling Model for Real-Time Operating Systems. (1985)

Process scheduling in real-time systems has almost invariably used one or more of three algorithms: fixed priority, FIFO, or round robin. The reasons for these choices are simplicity and speed in the operating system, but the cost to the system in terms of reliability and maintainability have not generally been assessed. This paper originates from the notion that the primary distinguishing characteristic of a real-time system is the concept that completion of a process or a set of processes has a value to the system which can be expressed as a function of time. This notion is described in terms of a time-driven scheduling model for real-time operating systems and provides a tool for measuring the effectiveness of most of the currently used process schedulers in real-time systems. Applying this model, we have constructed a multiprocessor real-time system simulator with which we measure a number of well-known scheduling algorithms such as Shortest Process Time (SPT), Deadline, Shortest Slack Time, FIFO, and a fixed priority scheduler, with respect to the resulting total system values. This approach to measuring the process scheduling effectiveness is a first step in our longer term effort to produce a scheduler which will explicitly schedule real-time processes in such a way that their execution times maximize their collective value to the system, either in a shared memory multiprocessing environment or in multiple nodes of a distributed processing environment.
Heuristic extraction of fuzzy classification rules using data mining techniques: an empirical study on benchmark data sets (2005)

We examine the performance of compact fuzzy rule-based classification systems that consist of a small number of simple fuzzy rules with high comprehensibility. Those fuzzy systems are designed in a heuristic manner using rule selection criteria. We first describe fuzzy rule-based classification. Next we describe heuristic rule selection criteria using the terminology in data mining: confidence and support. A small number of fuzzy rules are extracted from numerical data based on each rule selection criterion. Then we examine the classification performance of extracted fuzzy rules through computational experiments on a number of benchmark data sets from the UCI ML Repository. Our results should be viewed as the lowest benchmark performance of fuzzy rule-based classification systems because fuzzy rules are extracted using a simple heuristic method with no optimization or tuning procedures. Nevertheless our results on some data sets are comparable to reported results by the C4.5 algorithm in the literature.
Estimation of the Speed of Ultrasound Propagation in Biological Tissues: A Beam-Tracking Method (1986)

A pulse-echo heam-tracking method for the estimation of the speed of sound in tissue is described. We have shown that precision on the order of k0.5 percent and accuracy on the order of l percent are obtainable in uniformly scattering foam phantoms using several echo-waveforms which are several centimeters long. The precision could he improved if 1) more uniform tissues or phantoms are used, 2) more uncorrelated echo-waveforms are examined, and 3) the length of each echo-waveform is extended. The potential effects due to refractive layers on the estimation are discussed.
Absence of mutations in the <i>HoxA10</i>, <i>HoxA11</i> and <i>HoxD11</i> nucleotide coding sequences in thrombocytopenia with absent radius syndrome (2002)

Recent studies have suggested the HoxA10, HoxA11 and HoxD11 homeobox genes as candidate loci for the thrombocytopenia with absent radius (TAR) syndrome. For example, targeted disruptions of these Hox genes result in abnormal development of the mouse radius, while overexpression of HoxA10 stimulates mouse megakaryocyte (MK) development in vitro. To examine the expression of Hox genes in human MK cells, we utilized reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with degenerate oligonucleotides to study megakaryocytic cell lines (MEG-01, DAMI), and primary human MK purified from adult and cord blood. Using this approach, 13 out of 40 clones isolated from cell lines, 10 out of 21 from cord MK, and 11 out of 21 from adult MK were identified as HoxA10, while HoxA11 and HoxD11 sequences were not detected. The normal genomic sequences for the human HoxA10, -A11, and -D11 genes were then determined and sequenced in 10 unrelated individuals with TAR syndrome. In all patients the derived amino acid sequence for the three Hox genes was identical to normal controls. Southern blotting did not reveal genomic rearrangements or deletions at these loci, and in two patients intact HoxA10 transcripts were detected by amplification in myeloid cells. Although these studies cannot completely exclude the possibility that the TAR syndrome results from non-coding mutations that affect the level of Hox gene expression in megakaryocytes, mutations in the coding sequence of the Hox genes known to affect radial development are not a common cause of TAR syndrome.
Seed protein, oil, and yield of soybean genotypes with high and normal oleic acid concentration (2013)

Soybeans with seed oil high in oleic acid content have been developed and are desired by oil processors because of improved oxidative stability for broader use in food, fuel and other products. Conventional soybean lines with 80% oleic acid content were generated by combining two mutant genes, mutant S117N FAD2-1A allele from 17D and mutant P137R FAD2-1B allele from PI283327. Thirty five F4:7 high oleic lines with these mutant FAD2-1A and FAD2-1B genes were compared to thirty five F4:7 normal or wild type oleic acid lines for seed contents of the five fatty acids common to soybean, total oil content, total protein content, and seed yield from five crosses grown in six environments. The high oleic genotypes averaged >75% oleic acid content and concentrations of palmitic and linolenic acids were significantly lower (30% lower) than their normal oleic acid counterparts in each environment. When averaged across all locations and populations, seed yield of the high oleic lines were within 2% of the normal oleic lines. Because of the negative correlation of protein with oil content and seed yield shown in many other studies, it was surprising that these high oleic lines averaged significantly higher in protein and oil with similar yield compared to normal oleic lines. These results provided evidence that high oleic soybeans can have comparable yields with the potential to generate more oil with greater functionality and higher protein meal for improved feed and food value compared to soybeans with normal oleic acid content from the same cross.
A Heterometallo‐Supramolecular Polymer with Cu<sup>I</sup> and Fe<sup>II</sup> Ions Introduced Alternately (2014)

Abstract A new heterometallo‐supramolecular polymer with alternating Cu I and Fe II ions (polyCuFe) was synthesized by simple 0.5:0.5:1 complexation of Cu I and Fe II salts with an unsymmetrical ditopic ligand ( L1 ) bearing phenanthroline and terpyridine moieties as the metal coordination sites. Selective complexation was confirmed by UV/Vis spectroscopic titration experiments, and the alternate alignment of the two metal ions in polyCuFe was supported by ESI‐MS data. Cyclic voltammetry of a polyCuFe film showed two reversible redox waves at 0.29 and 0.78 V vs. Ag/Ag + based on the redox of Cu I /Cu II and Fe II /Fe III , respectively. Each oxidation state was successfully observed by acquisition of XPS spectra. A solid‐state display device was fabricated using the polymer film and a gel electrolyte. The device showed multi‐colour electrochromic behaviour by changing an applied potential, based on the different redox potentials of the two metal ions.