gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fate of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans during the Thermal Treatment of Electric Arc Furnace Fly Ash (2011)

Thermal treatment is often employed to recover the metals contained in electric arc furnace (EAF) fly ash, which is considered a major source of PCDD/Fs. After the present treatment, the mass and volume of untreated material (EAF fly ash + cullet) were significantly reduced by 44.2 and 89.2%, respectively; meanwhile the density increased significantly by 476%. These results indicate that the mass and volume of EAF fly ash can be effectively reduced to benefit the further disposal in landfill. Additionally, this study also investigated the fate of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) during the thermal treatment. For the EAF fly ash with an original PCDD/F content of 1414 ng I-TEQ/kg, 99.58% solid destruction efficiency (SDE) was achieved with thermal treatment at 1450°C. The total PCDD/F I-TEQ contents in ingot and slag were thus reduced to 9.83 and 6.44 ng I-TEQ/kg, respectively. The residual PCDD/F I-TEQ content in slag was far below the soil disposal limit in Taiwan (1000 ng I-TEQ/kg). After PCDD/Fs were decomposed in a secondary combustion chamber at 1200°C, the thermal treatment without air pollution control devices (APCDs) displayed an overall 91.28% destruction removal efficiency (DREW/OAPCD). Furthermore, the total PCDD/F I-TEQ concentrations in the cooling unit, filter and PUF cartridge were reduced to 1340, 131 and 383 pg I-TEQ/Nm3, respectively. Notably, their total amount, 1736 pg I-TEQ/Nm3, exceeded the emission limit in Taiwan (400 or 1000 pg I-TEQ/Nm3). The cooling unit and filter used as APCDs in this study could significantly lower the PCDD/F I-TEQ. The amount of residual PCDD/Fs captured in the PUF cartridge, was low enough (< 400 pg I-TEQ/Nm3) to be directly emitted into the atmosphere. Consequently, the thermal treatment with APCDs in this study was able to effectively reduce the PCDD/F contents in EAF fly ash, while the metal contents were recovered as the ingot.
A2B Adenosine Receptor Promotes Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation to Osteoblasts and Bone Formation in Vivo (2012)

The differentiation of osteoblasts from their precursors, mesenchymal stem cells, is an important component of bone homeostasis as well as fracture healing. The A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) is a Gα(s)/α(q)-protein-coupled receptor that signals via cAMP. cAMP-mediated signaling has been demonstrated to regulate the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into various skeletal tissue lineages. Here, we studied the role of this receptor in the differentiation of MSCs to osteoblasts. In vitro differentiation of bone marrow-derived MSCs from A2BAR KO mice resulted in lower expression of osteoblast differentiation transcription factors and the development of fewer mineralized nodules, as compared with WT mice. The mechanism of effect involves, at least partially, cAMP as indicated by experiments involving activation of the A2BAR or addition of a cAMP analog during differentiation. Intriguingly, in vivo, microcomputed tomography analysis of adult femurs showed lower bone density in A2BAR KO mice as compared with WT. Furthermore, A2BAR KO mice display a delay in normal fracture physiology with lower expression of osteoblast differentiation genes. Thus, our study identified the A2BAR as a new regulator of osteoblast differentiation, bone formation, and fracture repair.
Dendritic Physical Gel:  Hierarchical Self-Organization of a Peptide-Core Dendrimer to Form a Micrometer-Scale Fibrous Assembly (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTDendritic Physical Gel: Hierarchical Self-Organization of a Peptide-Core Dendrimer to Form a Micrometer-Scale Fibrous AssemblyWoo-Dong Jang, Dong-Lin Jiang, and Takuzo AidaView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 13, 3232–3233Publication Date (Web):March 17, 2000Publication History Received3 December 1999Published online17 March 2000Published inissue 1 April 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja994232dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja994232drapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1624Altmetric-Citations184LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Dendrons,Gelation,Hydrocarbons,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Design and implementation of reciprocal unit using table look-up and Newton-Raphson iteration (2004)

Combination of initial approximation through a table look-up and Newton-Raphson iteration is an effective way to compute reciprocal, which may replace the division operation. This paper presents the design and implementation of reciprocal unit, which computes the reciprocal of double precision of floating-point number in eleven clock cycles. The presented design utilizes a 2/sup 10/ /spl times/ 20 bits ROM followed by two Newton-Raphson iterations. The design is implemented in VHDL and synthesized to estimate the area and the worst case delay. Simulation results show that the least significand bit of the result cannot be guaranteed to be correct for all cases.
Design and analysis of digital data recovery circuits using oversampling (2007)

A performance evaluation and circuit architecture for all-digital data recovery using an oversampling method is proposed. The architecture is very regular and hence very suitable for standard-cell implementation flow. Due to its feedforward architecture, the required bit-rate can be achieved through proper pipelining. These properties make the proposed architecture very suitable as soft silicon intellectual property. Analysis of BER due to the combined effects of the key design parameters like data jitter, clock jitter and oversampling ratio in the oversampling technique are carried out. Thus different specifications of data recovery can be designed with different design parameters. A module generator that can estimate the design parameters automatically is established. Design implementation shows the proposed all-digital data recovery circuit can achieve 3.07 Gbit/s (post-layout) with 0.25 µm 2.5 V CMOS technology standard-cell design and occupies 380×390 µm2 chip area.
Tumor cell adhesive mechanisms and their relationship to metastasis. (1991)

Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and therapy of many forms of cancer, metastasis remains the major cause of death in cancer patients. As tumors progress they become increasingly heterogeneous, giving rise to aggressive subpopulations of tumor cells that subsequently invade local tissues, the lymphatics, and the circulatory system. This invasive behavior can ultimately lead to the widespread dissemination and metastasis of the primary tumor. In hematogenous metastasis, emboli consisting of tumor cells, host cells, platelets, and fibrin are transported to distant sites where they arrest in the microvasculature prior to extravasation. It is well accepted that tumor cell adhesion plays a fundamental role in many of the stages of the metastatic process. Tumor cell interactions with extracellular matrix components of tissue, tissue boundaries (basement membranes), or cell adhesion-promoting components of plasma; influence tumor cell motility, invasiveness, and many other important aspects of the metastatic tumor cell phenotype. Tumor cell adhesion also has a rate-limiting influence at various stages within the metastatic process, such as tumor cell arrest and extravasation. In addition, the ability of the immune system to recognize and successfully eradicated tumors is also highly dependent on the adhesion of activated lymphocytes to target tumor cells. Despite the rapid accumulation of information on the molecular basis of cell adhesion, our understanding of the relationship between tumor cell adhesion and hematogenous metastasis per se is fragmented and incomplete. Nevertheless, clear progress has been made, both in understanding the molecular basis of tumor cell adhesion and its relationship to the biology of tumor metastasis. New and exciting directions have been identified that are likely to yield direct benefits in developing new therapeutic or diagnostic approaches for malignant neoplasms. Our purpose is to briefly review the molecular basis of tumor cell adhesion from the standpoint of many of the receptors involved as well as their putative ligands. The relationship between specific tumor cell adhesion events and the formation of metastatic lesions is also addressed.
Signal Analysis in Back Bias Speed Sensor Systems (2013)

Wheel speed sensors determine the angular velocity of rotating axes and are widely used in modern industry with a variety of applications. This paper provides a general introduction to back bias speed sensor systems, presenting and discussing the numerous parameters of a general 3D model. The underlying physical mechanisms of the back bias principle are explained with the help of 2D FEM magneto-static simulations. While 2D simulations do not perfectly reflect the magnetic field dynamics of the real problem, they provide an excellent qualitative understanding of the signal behavior concerning model parameter variations. Based on the previous discussions, a representative cogwheel geometry is proposed and analyzed in detail, featuring a study of the influences of the model parameters on the speed sensor signal. As an outcome of the parameter sensitivity analysis, it was possible to determine the degree of influence of the different model parameters on the quality of the speed sensor signal. In conclusion, this study aims to advance the general understanding of the speed sensor signal in back bias systems for manufacturers and to form a solid basis for future work in this field.
Wolf Pack Algorithm for Unconstrained Global Optimization (2014)

The wolf pack unites and cooperates closely to hunt for the prey in the Tibetan Plateau, which shows wonderful skills and amazing strategies. Inspired by their prey hunting behaviors and distribution mode, we abstracted three intelligent behaviors, scouting, calling, and besieging, and two intelligent rules, winner‐take‐all generation rule of lead wolf and stronger‐survive renewing rule of wolf pack. Then we proposed a new heuristic swarm intelligent method, named wolf pack algorithm (WPA). Experiments are conducted on a suit of benchmark functions with different characteristics, unimodal/multimodal, separable/nonseparable, and the impact of several distance measurements and parameters on WPA is discussed. What is more, the compared simulation experiments with other five typical intelligent algorithms, genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization algorithm, artificial fish swarm algorithm, artificial bee colony algorithm, and firefly algorithm, show that WPA has better convergence and robustness, especially for high‐dimensional functions.
Transdifferentiation of retinal pigment epithelial cells from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype. (1995)

Results indicate that RPE transdifferentiate in culture and that this transition is accompanied by a shift in biologic activities. Therefore, morphologic and behavioral transdifferentiation of these cells in culture are influencing factors in experimental pathology. The potential relevance of these extensive changes to the biology of proliferative vitreoretinal disorders is discussed.
Prolate-binary sequences for SLM based papr reduction in OFDM systems (2015)

To reduce the occurrence of high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), this paper introduces prolate-binary sequences, and their application in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems that implement selected mapping (SLM). Through computer simulation, it is shown that the proposed prolate-binary sequences offer combined improved PAPR reduction performance, and reduced computational complexity compared with Riemann-binary sequences.
Depolarized source for high-power operation of a remote waveguide modulator (1994)

Remote operation of integrated-optical modulators requires a definite polarization input to the device, usually at the end of a long fiber run. This problem has been dealt with by the use of polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF), polarization-control devices, or a depolarized source1-3 followed by ordinary fiber and a polarizer. The motivation for the latter technique is its ability to replace expensive PMF with ordinary fiber. In this study we demonstrate a depolarized source using a guided- wave device to achieve phase modulation between orthogonal states. This approach simultaneously increases the threshold for stimulated Brillouin scattering4 (SBS), providing a distinct advantage over alternative schemes2,3 and making it useful for high-power operation over long fiber runs.
Deciphering mechanisms of brain metastasis in melanoma - the gist of the matter (2018)

Metastasis to distant organs and particularly the brain still represents the most serious obstacle in melanoma therapies. Melanoma cells acquire a phenotype to metastasize to the brain and successfully grow there through complex mechanisms determined by microenvironmental than rather genetic cues. There do appear to be some prerequisites, including the presence of oncogenic BRAF or NRAS mutations and a loss of PTEN. Further mediators of the brain metastatic phenotype appear to be the high activation of the PI3K/AKT or STAT3 pathway or high levels of PLEKHA5 and MMP2 in metastatic cells. A yet undefined subset of brain metastases exhibit a high level of expression of CD271 that is associated with stemness, migration and survival. Hence, CD271 expression may determine specific properties of brain metastatic melanoma cells. Environmental cues - in particular those provided by brain parenchymal cells such as astrocytes - seem to help specifically guide melanoma cells that express CCR4 or CD271, potential "homing receptors". Upon entering the brain, these cells interact with brain parenchyma cells and are thereby reprogrammed to adopt a neurological phenotype. Several lines of evidence suggest that current therapies may have a negative effect by activating a program that drives tumor cells toward stemness and metastasis. Yet significant improvements have expanded the therapeutic options for treating brain metastases from melanoma, by combining potent BRAF inhibitors such as dabrafenib with checkpoint inhibitors or stereotactic surgery. Further progress toward developing new therapeutic strategies will require a more profound understanding of the mechanisms that underlie brain metastasis in melanoma.
Nigericin (1967)

Nigericin was isolated from an unidentified streptomycete by Harned et al. (1951). Subsequently the producing organism was reported to be Streptomyces "Nig-1" (Benedict, 1953). The antibiotic has the empirical formula C39H69O11. It forms a monosodium salt and has one —OCH3 group. Nigericin inhibits grampositive bacteria at levels below 0.5 µg/ml, but levels above 60 µg/ml are required to inhibit gram- negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli (Harned et al., 1951). Mycobacterium smegmatis and Candida albicans are inhibited at 2 µg/ml, and fungi are inhibited at somewhat higher concentrations. The antibiotic is not active against bacteriophages at 500 µg/ml (Hall et al., 1951). The LD50 (intraperitoneally) is 2.5 mg/kg in mice.
Is There an Ideal Animal Model to Study Hypertrophic Scarring? (2008)

Wound healing in hypertrophic scarring and keloid animal models presents significant differences when compared with humans. A brief review is presented about hypertrophic scarring in animal models during the last 5 years. Models were described by animals and scientific artifices to cause hypertrophic scarring. They were divided into 1) heterologous hypertrophic scarring or keloid implants in immunodeficient animals (athymic mice and rats); 2) heterologous hypertrophic scarring or keloid implant in immune privileged site (hamster cheek pouch); 3) hypertrophic scarring or keloid induction via chemically mediated injury (guinea pigs); 4) hypertrophic scarring or keloid induction in anatomic specific site (rabbit ear); and the 5) porcine model. The ideal model would allow to research pathophysiology, histology, and molecular events during time and to test prophylactic and therapeutic treatments for humans. Some of these animals were useful to study specific steps of the scarring process and better understand abnormal wound healing, but none of them have a widespread use. Most recently, the female red Duroc pigs were validated as a new model, demonstrating its similarity to human conditions in different ways. Full-thickness human skin grafts in nude mice also represent improvement in the search of an ideal hypertrophic scarring animal model.
[4+2] Cycloaddition of 2(1<i>H</i>)‐pyrazinones and 1,2,4‐triazoline‐3,5‐diones (1998)

Abstract The reaction of 2(1 H )‐pyrazinones 1 and 1,2,4‐triazoline‐3,5‐diones 3 was investigated by comparing that of 1 with singlet oxygen. 2(1 H )‐Pyrazinones 1 reacted in Diels‐Alder fashion with 1,2,4‐triazoline‐3,5‐diones 3 to afford [4+2]‐adducts 4–17 in high yields.
Identification and Biosynthesis of an Aggregation Pheromone of the Storage Mite <i>Chortoglyphus arcuatus</i> (2004)

In an effort to identify new pheromones from mites, the headspace of undisturbed colonies of the storage mite Chortoglyphus arcuatus was analyzed by GC-MS by use of a closed-loop stripping apparatus (CLSA) or solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The major compound emitted from the mites is (4R,6R,8R)-4,6,8-trimethyldecan-2-one (4R,6R,8R-8). The structure was elucidated by analysis of the mass spectrum, synthesis of authentic samples, and gas chromatography on a chiral phase. Bioassays show that this compound, for which we propose the trivial name chortolure, is an aggregation pheromone for both sexes of this species. Several related compounds are released in smaller amounts by the mites. The alarm pheromones of these mites, neral and geranial, can only be found in total extracts of the mites, in which 8 occurs only in minute amounts. The method of sampling is therefore crucial for pheromone identification. Feeding experiments with deuterated propionate showed that chortolure is a polyketide, formed by successive addition of four propionate units to an acetate starter.
<title>Application studies on quadratic Bezier curves</title> (1996)

The proportional division property of quadratic Bezier curves is presented and proved in the paper. Based on that property, a new computer graphic algorithm to generate quadratic Bezier curves are derived. Discussed in the paper also are the approach to plot cubic Bezier curves with the derived algorithm and two inverse fitting methods for quadratic Bezier curves under certain boundary conditions.
Three-dimensional superresolution in metamaterial slab lenses: Experiment and theory (2005)

This paper presents a theoretical and experimental study on the viability of obtaining two- and three-dimensional superresolution (i.e., resolution overcoming the diffraction limit for all directions in space) by means of metamaterial slab lenses. Although the source field cannot be actually reproduced at the back side of the lens with superresolution in all space directions, the matching capabilities of metamaterial slabs does make possible the detection of images with three-dimensional superresolution. This imaging takes place because of the coupling between the evanescent space harmonic components of the field generated at both the source and the detector.
Soybean Growth and Yield as Affected by Surface and Suboil Compaction (1990)

Abstract Axle loads from wheel traffic on farmland ranges from less than 4.5 Mg axle −1 to over 20 Mg axle −1 . Loads of <4.5 Mg axle −1 generally cause compaction only in the upper 0.3 m of the soil (surface compaction), while higher loads have caused soil compaction below this surface layer (subsoil compaction). A replicated field study was conducted on a Webster clay loam (fine‐loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Haplaquoll) in southern Minnesota and on two Ves clay loams (fine‐loamy, mixed, mesic Udic Haplustoll) in southwestern Minnesota to assess the effect of surface and subsoil compaction on the growth and yield of soybean ( Glycine max L. Merr.). Surface compaction treatments consisted of no interrow traffic on either side of the row at any time during the experiment and annually applied interrow wheel traffic on both sides of the row from an axle load <4.5 Mg. Subsoil compaction treatments consisted of control (no subsoil compaction), 9 and 18 Mg axle −1 loads applied once at the beginning of the experiment. Surface compaction, when averaged over years on both Ves sites, decreased yield by 15% overall and up to 27% in a single year. Yield response to surface compaction on the Webster site was climate dependent, in general, decreasing yield during a wet year but increasing yield during a dry year. Subsoil compaction from the 18 Mg axle −1 treatment reduced plant height and integrated leaf area index on the Webster site each year of the experiment, and tended to decrease yield. The response to the 18 Mg axle −1 load on the Ves was inconsistent. Yield was increased significantly in 5 out of 14 location‐years by the 9 Mg axle −1 treatment when compared with the control treatment. Soybean growth parameters and yield were affected more by annual surface compaction than by a one‐time application of subsoil compaction. A decrease in vegetative growth did not necessarily result in a comparable decrease in seed yield.
The role of cysteine and serine proteases in colorectal carcinoma (1999)

The simultaneous up-regulation of cysteine and serine proteases in CRC confirms their role in colorectal tumor biology and particularly in the process of invasion and metastasis. Together with Dukes stage, determinations of CATL, UPA, and PAI-1 have a major prognostic impact in patients with CRC.
Continuous wavelength tuning of two-electrode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (1991)

Vertical-cavity surface-emitting (VC-SE) lasers are promising for numerous applications in optical communications and optical signal processing. For system applications using wavelength- or frequency-division multiplexing, it is desirable to have wavelength-tunable lasers. Previously, we reported a tunable VC-SE laser that used a three-mirror coupled cavity.1 However, in that case the tuning was discrete, thus limiting the applications. In this work we report the first continuous wavelength tuning in a two-electrode VC-SE laser with a full tuning range of 18 Å (540 GHz). The laser power remains nearly constant as the tuning current is varied for most of the tuning range.