gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
What causes cell death in Parkinson's disease? (2009)

Currently, there is no proven neuroprotective or neurorestorative therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). Several advances in the genetics of PD have created an opportunity to develop mechanistic-based therapies that hold particular promise for identifying agents that slow and even halt the progression of PD, as well as restore function. Here we review many of the advances in the last decade regarding the identification of new targets for the treatment of PD based on understanding the molecular mechanisms of how mutations in genes linked to PD cause neurodegeneration.
Falsely Normal Value in Fluorometric Transferase Screening of Galactosemia Blood. A Cautionary Note (1981)

A blood sample from a galactosemic infant gave a normal result with the fluorescent screening test for galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase. The generation of fluorescence from this sample was found to be property of the plasma; the erythrocytes manifested no galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase activity. The plasma was found to contain a high level of isocitrate dehydrogenase, presumably a result of the infant's liver disease, and of isocitrate, presumably derived from citrate in the anticoagulant solution by action of aconitase derived from leukocytes which lysed during shipment. The oxidation of the isocitrate by the dehydrogenase apparently resulted in reduction of NADP to NADPH. False negative results have not been reported previously using the fluorescent transferase assay. They can be avoided in the future by using EDTA rather than citrate as an anticoagulant, particularly if blood samples are to be shipped at ambient temperature.
Active electrodes for EEG and evoked potential (2002)

This article reports the design, fabrication and evaluation results of active electrodes. The clinical results demonstrated their reliability and showed that they can be used for all types of biopotential measurements without conductive paste and abrasive skin preparation. A low noise amplifier is packaged on the back of the electrode disk. The laboratory measured performance of electrodes are: input bias current, 1 to 25 pA; input resistance, 1.8 to 3.6 giga-ohms; input capacitance 2 to 4 pF; gain, 0.9996; noise, (input grounded, 0.1 to 100 Hz), 2.4 to 3.4 /spl mu/V p-p or 0.8 to 1.2 /spl mu/V-rms; stability (input grounded), input bias stable within 5 /spl mu/V in 8 hours. These electrodes were evaluated clinically on volunteers at three medical institutions. The results showed that EEG recordings of active electrodes without skin preparation are the same as that of conventional gold cup electrodes with abrasive preparation. Due to the low lead impedance the 60 Hz and other interferences are smaller. Furthermore, because of the very low input bias current, the active electrode is stable with time. Recordings of two EEG electrodes at the time of application (no abrasion) and 48 hours later showed same signal quality. A multi-electrode attachment system is being developed for easy applications.
Microencapsulation of Limonene for Textile Application (2008)

Polyurethane−urea microcapsules with limonene oil as the active agent were produced by interfacial polymerization, and their suitability for textile applications was studied. Experimental conditions for the textile substrates impregnation were based on industrial requirements and set up at laboratory scale using a mini-foulard. The success of the polymerization reaction leading to the formation of the polyurethane−urea shell was checked by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Particle size distributions and morphology of the microcapsules were studied using a particle size analyzer (Coulter LS230), optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The effectiveness of the textiles impregnation and the durability of the impregnation effect were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and by headspace/GC/FID. Under the present research, a product was developed and its performance, in regard to industrial requirements, was successfully tested.
Adsorption of Ni(II) from Aqueous Solution Using Oxidized Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes (2006)

In this work, oxidized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were used as a novel adsorbent for removing Ni(II) from aqueous solution. The adsorption of Ni(II) onto oxidized MWCNTs was studied as a function of contact time, pH, ionic strength, MWCNT concentration, and temperature. The results showed that Ni(II) adsorption onto MWCNTs is strongly dependent on pH and oxidized MWCNT concentration and, to a lesser extent, ionic strength. Kinetic data indicated that the adsorption process achieved equilibrium within 40 min and follows a pseudo-second-order rate equation. The adsorption data fit the Langmuir model and its linearized form well, together with thermodynamic data indicating the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the process. Results of a desorption study showed that Ni(II) adsorbed onto oxidized MWCNTs could be easily desorbed at pH <2.0. Ion exchange may be the predominant mechanism of Ni(II) adsorption on oxidized MWCNTs. Oxidized MWCNTs may be a promising candidate for concentration of heavy metal ions from industrial wastewater.
Bone marrow monocyte/macrophages are an early cellular target of pathogenic and nonpathogenic isolates of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac) in rhesus macaques. (1995)

We conclude that bone marrow monocyte/macrophages are an important early cellular target in SIV infection regardless of viral pathogenicity and in vitro cellular tropism. SIV-infected bone marrow monocyte/macrophages may play a key role in the pathogenesis of bone marrow lesions and further dissemination and persistence of virus infection.
Planing Characteristics of Fast-Water Buoys (1973)

Results of an experimental study of the planning of fast-water buoy shapes show that a buoy with a chine that is close to the bottom of the hull will attain a lower planing angle than a buoy for which the bottom-to-chine distance is large. A chine is an edge formed by the intersection of a vertical side and a slanted surface which passes through the water. The planing angle is found to reach a maximum value at an intermediate speed and then decreases as the speed increases, for the buoy with the optimum chine configuration. The planing angle in this case is the counterclockwise angle between the bottom of the buoy and the direction of motion in the vertical plane. A study of the effects of the depth of the mooring cable attachment to the buoy shows that the planing angle decreases with the attachment depth at a given speed. The speed at which the peak value of the planing angle occurs is found to decrease as the attachment depth increases.
Drug Discovery of New Anti-Inflammatory Compounds by Targeting Cyclooxygenases (2022)

The goal of achieving anti-inflammatory efficacy with the fewest possible adverse effects through selective COX-2 inhibition is still being investigated in order to develop drugs with safe profiles. This work shows the efficacy and safety profile of two novel benzimidazole piperidine and phenoxy pyridine derivatives in reaching this goal, which would be considered a major achievement in inflammatory therapy. The compounds were evaluated by virtual screening campaign, in vitro cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (COX-1 and COX-2) inhibition, in vivo carrageenan-induced rat paw edema assay, cytotoxicity against Raw264.7 cells, and histopathological examination of rat paw and stomach. Two new compounds, compound <b>1</b> ([(2-{[3-(4-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl]carbonyl}phenyl)amino]acetic acid) and compound <b>2</b> (ethyl 1-(5-cyano-2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-5-phenoxy-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate) showed high selectivity against COX-2, favourable drug-likeness and ADME descriptors, a lack of cytotoxicity, relived paw edema, and inflammation without noticeable side effects on the stomach. These two compounds are promising new NSAIDs.
Elements of Induction Heating: Design Control and Applications (1988)

This book provides an excellent overview of the range of applications of induction heating with methods by which conventional as well as special heating jobs can be designed around the capabilities of the process. The book discusses the theory of induction heating, tuning of induction heating circuits and load matching and summarizes major equipment considerations in designing induction heating systems. Design procedures are thoroughly covered for heat treating. Includes a detailed discussion on fundamentals of process control for a variety of induction heating issues. Contents includes: Introduction Theory of Induction Heating Tuning of Induction Heating Circuits and Load Matching Induction Heating Power Supplies Auxiliary Equipment for Induction Heating Process Design for Specific Applications Fundamentals of Process Control Coil Design and Fabrication Flux Concentrators, Shields, and Susceptors Materials Handling Special Applications of Induction Heating Economics Index
Stress classification by separation of respiratory modulations in heart rate variability using orthogonal subspace projection (2013)

The influence of respiration on the heart rate is a phenomenon known as respiratory sinus arrhythmia. However, effects of respiration are often ignored in studies of heart rate variability. In this paper, we take respiratory influences into account by separating the tachogram in two components, one related to respiration and one residual component, using orthogonal subspace projection. We demonstrate that it is important to remove respiratory influences during classification of rest and mental stress. Using merely the original tachogram, the classification accuracy is 57.13%, while the use of the residual tachogram results in an almost perfect classification (accuracy = 97.88%).
Induction of DNA synthesis in dog thyrocytes in primary culture: Synergistic effects of thyrotropin and cyclic AMP with epidermal growth factor and insulin (1987)

We have investigated the growth effects of thyrotropin (TSH) (mimicked by forskolin and acting through cyclic AMP), epidermal growth factor (EGF), serum (10%) and insulin on quiescent dog thyroid epithelial cells in primary culture in a serum-free defined medium. These cells were previously shown to retain the capacity to express major thyroid differentiation markers. In the presence of insulin and after a similar prereplicative phase of 18 +/- 2h, TSH, EGF, and serum promoted DNA synthesis in such quiescent cells only a minority of which had proliferated in vitro before stimulation. The combination of these factors induced more than 90% of the cells to enter S phase within 48 h and near exponetial proliferation. Analysis of the cell cycle parameters of the stimulated cells revealed that the G1 period duration was similar to the length of the prereplicative phase of quiescent thyroid cells; this might indicate that they were in fact in an early G1 stage rather than in G0 prior to stimulation. TSH and EGF action depended on or was potentiated by insulin. Strikingly, nanomolar concentrations of insulin were sufficient to support stimulation of DNA synthesis by TSH, while micromolar concentrations of insulin were required for the action of EGF. This suggests that insulin supported the action of TSH by acting on its own high affinity receptors, whereas its effect on EGF action would be related to its somatomedinlike effects at high supraphysiological concentrations. Insulin stimulated the progression in the prereplicative phase initiated by TSH or forskolin. In addition, in some primary cultures TSH must act together with insulin to stimulate early events of the prereplicative phase. In the presence of insulin, EGF, and forskolin, an adenylate cyclase activator, markedly synergized to induce DNA synthesis. Addition of forskolin 24 h after EGF or EGF 24 h after forskolin also resulted in amplification of the growth response but with a lag equal to the prereplicative period observed with the single compound. This indicates that events induced by the second factor can no longer be integrated during the prereplicative phase set by the first factor. These findings demonstrate the importance of synergistic cooperation between hormones and growth factors for the induction of DNA synthesis in epithelial thyroid cells and support the proposal that essentially different mitogenic pathways--cyclic AMP-dependent or independent--may coexist in one cell.
MICROBIOLOGICAL DEGRADATION OF BILE ACIDS (1958)

Journal Article MICROBIOLOGICAL DEGRADATION OF BILE ACIDS: XVI. FORMATION OF 7α-HYDROXY-3,12-DIOXO-Δ4-CHOLENIC ACID FROM DEHYDROCHOLIC ACID BY CORYNEBACTERIUM SP. Get access KEIZO TAMAKI KEIZO TAMAKI Department of Biochemistry, Okayama University Medical SchoolOkayama Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Biochemistry, Volume 45, Issue 9, September 1958, Pages 693–698, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a126914 Published: 01 September 1958 Article history Received: 03 December 1957 Published: 01 September 1958
Artificial neural network electronic nose for volatile organic compounds (2002)

Advanced microsystems that include, sensors, interface-circuits, and pattern-recognition integrated monolithically or in a hybrid module are needed for civilian, military, and space applications. These include: automotive, medical applications, environmental engineering, and manufacturing automation. ASICs with Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are considered in this paper, with the objective of recognizing air-borne volatile organic compounds, especially alcohols, ethers, esters, halocarbons, NH/sub 3/, NO/sub 2/, and other warfare agent simulants. The ASIC inputs are connected to the outputs from array-distributed sensors which measure three-features for identifying each of four chemicals. A Specialized Reinforcement Neural Network (RNN) learning approach is chosen for the chemicals classification problem. Hardware implementation of the RNN is presented for 2 /spl mu/m CMOS process, MOSIS chip. Design implementation and evaluation are also presented.
Beurteilung fester Adsorbentien in offenen Sorptionssystemen für energetische Anwendungen (2002)

Die Auswahl geeigneter Adsorbentien kann im Bereich energetischer Anwendungen offener Sorptionssysteme von großer Bedeutung sein. Als feste Adsorbentien werden Zeolithe und Silicagele betrachtet. In offenen Systemen wird ausschließlich Wasserdampf als Adsorptiv im Rahmen dieser Arbeit untersucht. Die Adsorptionsgleichgewichte der verschiedenen Adsorbentien wurden experimentell bestimmt. Dabei wurde auch das Gleichgewicht eines Zeolithen im geschlossenen und offenen System verglichen. Aus den gemessenen Adsorptionsgleichgewichten wurden die differentiellen Adsorptionsenthalpien berechnet. Als energetische Anwendungen werden eine Adsorptionswärmepumpe für die Heizung eines Einfamilienhauses, ein thermochemischer Wärmespeicher im Fernwärmenetz der Stadt München zur Beheizung eines Schulgebäudes und eine sorptive Klimaanlage zur Kühlung von Veranstaltungsräumen detailliert vorgestellt. Aus den realen Anwendungen werden die Anforderungen für die Adsorbentien abgeleitet. Feste Adsorbentien werden bezüglich der folgenden Kriterien beurteilt: · Der Temperaturhub beschreibt die mögliche Temperaturerhöhung (und gleichzeitige Entfeuchtung) des Trägergasstroms während der Adsorption. Er ist entscheidend für die Heizanwendungen (bzw. Kühlanwendungen) offener Sorptionssysteme. · Die Durchbruchskurven beschreiben das dynamische Verhalten von Temperatur und Wassergehalt des Trägergasstroms am Austritt des adiabaten Festbetts. · Das Wärmeverhältnis gibt Auskunft über das Verhältnis der nutzbaren Wärme zur aufgewandten Wärme für die jeweiligen Anwendungen. · Die Energiespeicherdichte ist von großer Bedeutung bei der Auslegung sorptiver Wärmespeichersysteme. Diese Kriterien lassen sich für die jeweilige Anwendung auf der Basis der Adsorptionsgleichgewichte vorhersagen. Damit kann das optimale Adsorbens identifiziert werden. Abschließend wird in der Arbeit auf die Stabilität fester Adsorbentien eingegangen. Experimentell wurden verschiedene Zeolithproben untersucht. Es wurde die hydrothermale Stabilität, bezüglich des Einflusses von Temperatur und Luftfeuchtigkeit, und die chemische Stabilität, bezüglich erhöhter Schadgaskonzentration (von CO, SO2 und NO2) in der Luft überprüft. Veränderungen an den Zeolithen wurden mit Röntgenkleinwinkelstreuung und Raster-Elektronen-Mikroskopie untersucht.
A comparison of Chinese document indexing strategies and retrieval models (2002)

With the advent of the Internet and intranets, substantial interest is being shown in Asian language information retrieval; especially in Chinese, which is a good example of an Asian ideographic language (other examples include Japanese and Korean). Since, in this type of language, spaces do not delimit words, an important issue is which index terms should be extracted from documents. This issue also has wider implications for indexing other languages such as agglutinating languages (e.g., Finnish and Turkish), archaic ideographic languages like Egyptian hieroglyphs, and other types of information such as data stored in genomic databases. Although comparisons of indexing strategies for Chinese documents have been made, almost all of them are based on a single retrieval model. This article compares the performance of various combinations of indexing strategies (i.e., character, word, short-word, bigram, and Pircs indexing) and retrieval models (i.e., vector space, 2-Poisson, logistic regression, and Pircs models). We determine which model (and its parameters) achieves the (near) best retrieval effectiveness without relevance feedback, and compare it with the open evaluations (i.e., TREC and NTCIR) for both long and title queries. In addition, we describe a more extensive investigation of retrieval efficiency. In particular, the storage cost of word indexing is only slightly more than character indexing, and bigram indexing is about double the storage cost of other indexing strategies. The retrieval time typically varies linearly with the number of unique terms in the query, which is supported by correlation values above 90%. The Pircs retrieval system achieves robust and good retrieval performance, but it appears to be the slowest method, whereas vector space models were not very effective in retrieval, but were able to respond quickly. For robust, near-best retrieval effectiveness, without considering storage overhead, the 2-Poisson model using bigram indexing appears to be a good compromise between retrieval effectiveness and efficiency for both long and title queries.
Sensory nerve induced inflammation contributes to heterotopic ossification (2011)

Heterotopic ossification (HO), or bone formation in soft tissues, is often the result of traumatic injury. Much evidence has linked the release of BMPs (bone morphogenetic proteins) upon injury to this process. HO was once thought to be a rare occurrence, but recent statistics from the military suggest that as many as 60% of traumatic injuries, resulting from bomb blasts, have associated HO. In this study, we attempt to define the role of peripheral nerves in this process. Since BMP2 has been shown previously to induce release of the neuroinflammatory molecules, substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), from peripheral, sensory neurons, we examined this process in vivo. SP and CGRP are rapidly expressed upon delivery of BMP2 and remain elevated throughout bone formation. In animals lacking functional sensory neurons (TRPV1(-/-) ), BMP2-mediated increases in SP and CGRP were suppressed as compared to the normal animals, and HO was dramatically inhibited in these deficient mice, suggesting that neuroinflammation plays a functional role. Mast cells, known to be recruited by SP and CGRP, were elevated after BMP2 induction. These mast cells were localized to the nerve structures and underwent degranulation. When degranulation was inhibited using cromolyn, HO was again reduced significantly. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed nerves expressing the stem cell markers nanog and Klf4, as well as the osteoblast marker osterix, after BMP2 induction, in mice treated with cromolyn. The data collectively suggest that BMP2 can act directly on sensory neurons to induce neurogenic inflammation, resulting in nerve remodeling and the migration/release of osteogenic and other stem cells from the nerve. Further, blocking this process significantly reduces HO, suggesting that the stem cell population contributes to bone formation.
Design of a projector headlamp without using a screen (2009)

A design for a projector headlamp that does not use a screen for low-beam lighting is proposed in this paper. The design not only enhances the light source utilization rate but also the elimination of the screen element prevents heat accumulation. The surface of the headlamp reflector is partitioned into six zones and, since there are no steps between reflectors, the zones are smoothly connected. A design equation for the reflector that combines varied lengths for both the circumference and optical axis is proposed and utilized for the surface design of each zone. Thus the reflector has the built-in ability to control light distribution in both the circumference and optical axis directions; consequently, it is able to create a very flexible light pattern, and is able to control all light rays to be below the cut-off line. As a result, the proposed projector headlamp can create a light distribution that meets the low-beam requirements of the ECE R112 standard.
<i>Parmelia Pastillifera</i> (Harm.) Schub. & Klem. and <i>P. Tiliacea</i> (Hoffm.) Ach. in the British Isles (1976)

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Protozoan grazing and its impact upon population dynamics in biofilm communities (2004)

The current study dispels the popular opinion that biofilms are protected against predation by protozoa. A. castellanii clearly has the capacity to graze mixed biofilm communities and to become integrally associated with them, whereas the ciliate C. maupasi reduced biofilm thickness by up to 60%.
A QoS-aware dynamic bandwidth allocation scheme for multi-hop WiFi-based long distance networks (2015)

In this paper, we propose a QoS-aware dynamic bandwidth allocation scheme to mitigate congestion problem in gateway-based multi-hop WiFi-based long distance networks and thereby enhance QoS guarantees for real-time traffic. It presents a dynamic slot scheduling scheme which efficiently distributes the unused TDMA time slots among the needy nodes. The distribution process is carried out in a hierarchical manner through the use of parent-child relationship of a tree topology. By doing so, end-to-end performance of real-time traffic is enhanced manifold. Furthermore, the proposed protocol provides assured packet forwarding for already admitted flows by allowing transmission of nodes according to the capacity of ancestral links. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol achieves a significant performance improvement in terms of throughput and delay of real-time traffic.
Computerized analysis of cellular features and biomarkers for cytologic diagnosis of early lung cancer. (2007)

The presented algorithms and CACD system for cellular feature enhancement, segmentation and classification are very important in distinguishing benign and malignant lesions.