gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immune-stimulating effects of lactic acid bacteria <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> (2010)

The health-promoting effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are well recognised, making them a popular functional food ingredient. Commercially available probiotic products are often promoted as capable of improving immune defences also in healthy subjects. However, while strain-specific differences exist in the effects of LAB, conventional yoghurt bacteria have proved beneficial as well. For comparing the immunological effects of conventional and probiotic LAB, young healthy women received either a commercially available probiotic fermented milk product or a conventional yoghurt for four weeks. Both treatments showed comparable effects resulting in a stronger immunological reaction to stimuli (natural cytotoxicity against cancer cells, mitogen-induced T-lymphocyte activation and stimulated cytokine production). To study the mechanisms behind these effects, conventional (Lactobacillus delbrueckii) and probiotic (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG), LAB were compared in vitro at the cellular level. Interestingly, L. rhamnosus GG was more potent in inducing maturation of dendritic cells (DC) that play a substantial role in directing the immune response to stimuli. In turn, L. delbrueckii provoked a higher secretion of proinflammatory cytokines as well as IL-10. These effects were, however, observed only after direct incubation of DC and LAB, not when both were separated by a layer of enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells. LAB also induced cytokine secretion in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a similar manner and this effect was reduced in a Caco-2 cell model, suggesting a modulating influence of gut epithelial cells. While both conventional and probiotic strains modulate the immune response, specific properties may offer therapeutic options in the treatment of certain diseases.
Hybrid Carbon Nanotube Networks as Efficient Hole Extraction Layers for Organic Photovoltaics (2012)

Transparent, highly percolated networks of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (rr-P3HT)-wrapped semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWNTs) are deposited, and the charge transfer processes of these nanohybrids are studied using spectroscopic and electrical measurements. The data disclose hole doping of s-SWNTs by the polymer, challenging the prevalent electron-doping hypothesis. Through controlled fabrication, high- to low-density nanohybrid networks are achieved, with low-density hybrid carbon nanotube networks tested as hole transport layers (HTLs) for bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaics (OPV). OPVs incorporating these rr-P3HT/s-SWNT networks as the HTL demonstrate the best large area (70 mm(2)) carbon nanotube incorporated organic solar cells to date with a power conversion efficiency of 7.6%. This signifies the strong capability of nanohybrids as an efficient hole extraction layer, and we believe that dense nanohybrid networks have the potential to replace expensive and material scarce inorganic transparent electrodes in large area electronics toward the realization of low-cost flexible electronics.
A flexible software character generator (1985)

Abstract This paper describes a general and flexible character generator which is capable of producing virtually an unlimited number of character founts. To demonstrate this flexibility, eight different founts, ranging from Roman letters and symbols, double line letters, APL characters etc. to a Devanagari script have been generated. These founts have been chosen to see how characters with wide ranging requirements can be generated. Each of the founts can be manipulated in a variety of different ways. The user can display a desired character string, with specified height and width, anywhere on the display device with any inclination, each character in the string having a desired orientation. Moreover, various other transformations, such as stretch, fall and skew, can be applied to the string. Mathematical formulae for all the transformations are included. The system is described both from the user's as well as system programmer's point of view. Several examples illustrating the ease of use and the flexibility of the system are given.
Photonic switch using surface-emitting laser diode and APD (2003)

A very sensitive photonic switch is proposed by integrating vertically an avalanche photodiode (APD) and a surface-emitting laser diode (VCSEL). The switch requires a very low input optical power of /spl sim/1 nW, and emits a large output of several milliwatts. Both optical and electrical feedback from the VCSEL to the APD are taken into account. A closed-form expression for the switching characteristics is obtained. The dynamics of optical switching is analyzed using a small-signal stability analysis.
The Synthesis of 3-Substituted Pyrroles from Pyrrole (1985)

Pyrrole is a "π-excessive" heteroaromatic that electrophiles substitute preferentially in the 1- or 2-position, making the synthesis of 3-substituted pyrroles very difficult. New procedures are available whereby 3-substituted pyrroles may be prepared in synthetically useful amounts in two or three steps from pyrrole. Initially substituents are introduced onto the 1- or 2-position of the pyrrole ring, which then direct further substitution to a β-position or which may themselves be rearranged to the desired 3-substituted pyrroles. A final step removes any remaining undesired substituents. 1. Introduction 2. Direction by a Removable 2-Substituent 3. Direction by a Removable 1-Substituent 4. Group Migration to Position-3 5. Directed Metallation to Position-3
Involvement of Jasmonic Acid/Ethylene Signaling Pathway in the Systemic Resistance Induced in Cucumber by <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i> T203 (2005)

ABSTRACT Trichoderma spp. are effective biocontrol agents for a number of soilborne plant pathogens, and some are also known for their ability to enhance plant growth. It was recently suggested that Trichoderma also affects induced systemic resistance (ISR) mechanism in plants. Analysis of signal molecules involved in defense mechanisms and application of specific inhibitors indicated the involvement of jasmonic acid and ethylene in the protective effect conferred by Trichoderma spp. against the leaf pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans. Moreover, examination of local and systemic gene expression by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that T. asperellum (T203) modulates the expression of genes involved in the jasmonate/ethylene signaling pathways of ISR (Lox1, Pal1, ETR1, and CTR1) in cucumber plants. We further showed that a subsequent challenge of Trichoderma-preinoculated plants with the leaf pathogen P. syringae pv. lachrymans resulted in higher systemic expression of the pathogenesisrelated genes encoding for chitinase 1, beta-1,3-glucanase, and peroxidase relative to noninoculated, challenged plants. This indicates that Trichoderma induced a potentiated state in the plant enabling it to be more resistant to subsequent pathogen infection.
Mathematical modeling of the drying process of corn ears (2011)

The objective of this work was to study and model the drying process of corn ears at different air temperatures. Thermodynamic properties associated with the drying process of this product were also determined. Corn ears with initial moisture content of 0.45 dry basis (kgw kgdm-1) were dried until they reached a final moisture content of 0.12 (kgw kgdm-1) at temperatures of 45, 55 and 65°C. Traditional models used to describe the drying process of several agricultural products were employed to fit the observed data of the drying process of corn ears. The effective diffusion coefficient (Def) was determined by means of an analytical solution of Fick’s second law. It was concluded that the Logarithmic model was the one that best fit the observed data representing the drying process. Def values increased with temperature increases, ranging from 5.490 x 10-10 to 1.163 x 10-9 m2 s-1. Based on the dependence of the drying constant of the Logarithmic model with temperature, thermodynamic properties were determined, concluding that the drying kinetics variation is dependent on the energy contributions of the surrounding environment.
Nuclear Proto-Oncogenes <i>Fos</i> and <i>Jun</i> (1990)

Cells organize many of their biochemical reactions in non-membrane compartments. Recent evidence has shown that many of these compartments are liquids that form by phase separation from the cytoplasm. Here we discuss the basic physical concepts necessary ...Read More
Inhibitory effect of curcumin on 12-<i>O</i>-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced increase in ornithine decarboxylase mRNA in mouse epidermis (1993)

Application of 5 nmol 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) to the skin of female CD-1 mice led to a rapid increase in the concentration of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) mRNA from an undetectable level in control mice to a high maximum level at 4-5 h after TPA administration. The concentration of epidermal ODC mRNA then decreased rapidly during the next 5 h. The time course for TPA-induced increases in epidermal ODC enzyme activity paralleled very closely the time course for TPA-induced increases in ODC mRNA. Topical administration of 1, 3 or 10 mumol curcumin together with 5 nmol TPA inhibited by 66, 81 and 91% respectively TPA-induced increases in epidermal ODC enzyme activity measured 5 h later. In a parallel study, TPA-induced increases in the concentration of epidermal ODC mRNA was inhibited by 54, 85 and 82% respectively. Intraperitoneal injection of 10 or 30 mumol curcumin 1h before topical application of 5 nmol TPA inhibited TPA-induced increases in epidermal ODC enzyme activity by 75 or 89% respectively. In a parallel study, the induction of epidermal ODC mRNA was inhibited by 53 and 65% respectively. The results indicate that curcumin inhibits TPA-induced increases in epidermal ODC enzyme activity by inhibiting the synthesis and/or enhancing the breakdown of ODC mRNA.
Modeling the impact of the components of long work hours on injuries and “accidents” (2006)

We conclude that placing a limit on the risk associated with a particular work schedule is likely more effective than setting daily, weekly or monthly work hour regulations in keeping workplace safety within acceptable limits.
Vision based human-machine interface via hand gestures (2007)

There is a great need for alternative human-machine interfaces in several application areas. In the current paper we present the first stage of a hand gesture recognition system with the primary purpose of replacing classical input peripherals like the mouse and the keyboard. The system works by visual input and the processing has been implemented on the cellular neural/nonlinear network paradigm based Bi-i visual processing architecture. Its properties, most notably the real-time performance, allows it to be used for security, military, medical, surgery and public media applications as well.
Critical Considerations for Analysis of RF-Thermal Recovery of Heavy Petroleum (2018)

Abstract Recently, coupled electromagnetic-reservoir simulators based on full numerical schemes have been developed using commercial software packages. However, simplified analytical and semi-analytical models can provide useful and quick insight of the complicated coupling between radio wave propagation and transport phenomena in heavy oil reservoirs. In this study, we developed simplified coupled EM-thermal models to emphasize on two important aspects of radio frequency heating process, near-field analysis and insulated antenna setups. It will be shown how much thermal error can be introduced when a proper full-wave analysis is not taken into account. We will also demonstrate the thermal advantage of applying an insulated antenna over a bare antenna when radio waves are used for heating purposes. Another key aspect of radio-frequency heating process is to consider dependency of electrical properties to thermal and water saturation conditions. This one is more difficult to verify analytically and it will be done in the second part of this study.
Wide gm adjustment range highly linear OTA with programmable mirrors operating in triode mode (2005)

A new very compact and highly linear CMOS OTA, with very wide gain tuning range, is presented. It uses a fixed gain linear V-I converter input stage and electronically programmable current mirrors working in triode which are very compact and continuously adjustable. Programmability is achieved by tuning VDS of the mirroring transistors. The OTA input range and bandwidth is approximately independent of gain adjustment. Simulation results in 0.5/spl mu/m CMOS technology verify the characteristics of the proposed OTA with distortion less than 0.5% over the entire tuning range.
No Effect of 1 or 7 d of Green Tea Extract Ingestion on Fat Oxidation during Exercise (2013)

There was no effect of 1 d of GTE ingestion on markers of lipolysis or fat oxidation during exercise. Seven days of GTE ingestion increased lipolysis, indicated by increased plasma FA and glycerol concentrations, but did not result in significant changes in fat oxidation.
NIST Cloud Computing Reference Architecture (2011)

This paper presents the first version of the NIST Cloud Computing Reference Architecture (RA). This is a vendor neutral conceptual model that concentrates on the role and interactions of the identified actors in the cloud computing sphere. Five primary actors were identified - Cloud Service Consumer, Cloud Service Provider, Cloud Broker, Cloud Auditor and Cloud Carrier. Their roles and activities are discussed in this report. A primary goal for generating this model was to give the United States Government (USG) a method for understanding and communicating the components of a cloud computing system for Federal IT executives, Program Managers and IT procurement officials.
Effective Intercalation and Exfoliation of Nanoplatelets in Epoxy via Creation of Porous Pathways (2007)

A new surface modification approach for improving intercalation and exfoliation efficiency of layered nanoplatelets is introduced on the basis of α-zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP) nanoplatelets. The intercalation of α-ZrP nanoplatelets was carried out using a number of different organic surface modifiers and their combinations. It is found that porous pathways, which can be created by incorporating a combination of a linear long-chain amine and a bulky, short-chain amine as intercalating agents, can lead to speedier and more effective intercalation. Consequently, fully exfoliated polymer nanocomposites can be more easily prepared. The intercalation/exfoliation mechanisms accounting for the observed effectiveness are discussed.
Face Recognition with Discrete Cosine Transform (2012)

Face recognition has been a hot issue of concern to people, existing algorithms mainly for how to improve face recognition accuracy, and reduce the use of the feature vector dimension. A face recognition method based on the discrete cosine transform and SVM-based feature classification is presented. Face Recognition on the DCT coefficients as feature vectors in the problem of effective choice. In the training process of SVM, the training sample is divided into two parts, one part of the training samples using the test results of feature selection, and use the resulting accuracy rate as the feature selection criteria, the proposed algorithm on ORL face image standard library of verified experiments, and achieved good results prove the effective and reliable.
Time‐resolved identification of individual mononucleotide molecules in aqueous solution with pulsed semiconductor lasers (1998)

We applied a short-pulse diode laser emitting at 640 nm with a repetition rate of 56 MHz in combination with a confocal microscope to study bursts of fluorescence photons from individual differently labeled mononucleotide molecules in water. Two newly synthesized dyes, an oxazine dye (MR121) and a rhodamine dye (JA53), and two commercially available dyes, a carbocyanine dye (Cy5) and a bora-diaza-indacene dye (Bodipy630/650), were used as fluorescent labels. The time-resolved fluorescence signals of individual mononucleotiode molecules in water were analyzed and identified by a maximum likelihood estimator (MLE). Taking only those single molecule transits which contain more than 30 collected photoelectrons, the two labeled mononucleotide molecules, Cy5-dCTP and Bodipy-dUTP, can be identified by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy with a probability of correct classification of greater than 99%. Our results show that at least three differently labeled mononucleotide molecules can be identified in a common aqueous solution. We obtain an overall classification probability of 90% for the time-resolved identification of Cy5-dCTP, MR121-dUTP and Bodipy-dUTP molecules via their characteristic fluorescence lifetimes of 1.05 ± 0.33 ns (Cy5-dCTP), 2.07 ± 0.59 ns (MR121-dUTP) and 3.88 ± 1.71 ns (Bodipy-dUTP).
Effects of the alkylamine functionalization of graphene oxide on the properties of polystyrene nanocomposites (2014)

Alkylamine-functionalized graphene oxides (FGOs) have superior dispersibility in low-polar solvents and, as a result, they interact with low-polar polymers such as polystyrene. In this work, the functionalization of graphene oxide using three types of alkylamines, octylamine (OA), dodecylamine (DDA), and hexadecylamine (HDA), was performed, and nanocomposites of polystyrene (PS) and FGOs were prepared via solution blending. Different dispersions of FGOs over PS were obtained for the three alkylamines, and the properties of the PS composites were influenced by the length of the alkylamine. A better thermal stability was observed with a longer chain length of the alkylamine. On the other hand, functionalization with the shortest chain length alkylamine resulted in the highest increase in the storage modulus (3,640 MPa, 140%) at a 10 wt.% loading of FGO.
Inhibitory Effects of Anti‐HLA‐A, B, C Heavy Chain and Anti‐β<sub>2</sub> Microglobulin Monoclonal Antibodies on Alloantigen and Microbial Antigen‐Induced Immune Responses in Vitro (1987)

The role of HLA class I subunits in class II-restricted immune responses was investigated by means of a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) recognizing HLA-A,B,C heavy chain and different beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2m) epitopes. MoAb against either class I subunit strongly inhibited mixed lymphocyte cultures, generation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte cultures, generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes or natural killer-like activity, and lymphoproliferation in response to soluble or particulate microbial antigens derived from Candida albicans. In general, anti-beta 2m MoAb were more efficient inhibitors than anti-HLA-A,B,C heavy chain MoAb. The inhibitory effects were specific, in that the parental myeloma ascitic fluid or a low-affinity MoAb against beta 2m, or MoAb directed against non-HLA surface structures did not affect any of the immune responses studied. The MoAb-induced inhibition could not be attributed to nonspecific toxic effects, since PHA-induced blastogenesis and IL-2-dependent proliferation of mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) blasts were not inhibited. Furthermore, exogenous IL-2 did not reverse the block of MLC and microbial antigen-induced proliferative responses by MoAb. Taken together, these data suggest an involvement of both subunits of class I antigens in class II-restricted immune responses.
Using SAR Data to Detect Wheat Irrigation Supply in an Irrigated Semi-arid Area (2018)

The objective of this study was to use SAR (sensitivity of Synthetic Aperture Radar) data to detect the supply of irrigation water during the anthesis and grain-filling phenological stages of wheat in the irrigated Tadla perimeter of Morocco. Backscattering coefficients were derived from four ERS-1 (European Remote-Sensing Satellite-1) images acquired between 31 March and 12 April 2011 and were compared with the irrigation water invoices database. The analysis showed that there were significant changes in backscattering values caused by irrigation, with average values ranging between 0.11 and 3.11 dB. A reference level of 0.52 dB was established for differentiating between (recently; up to 4 days) irrigated and non-irrigated plots. We also set an interval of 5 days for the acquisition of SAR images in order to ensure continuous monitoring of the irrigated wheat plots over time. The study showed that radar data contain important information for the assessment of irrigation supplies during the cropping season, which could help regional decision-support systems to monitor and control irrigation supplies over large areas.
Precipitation of Trichoderma reesei commercial cellulase preparations under standard enzymatic hydrolysis conditions for lignocelluloses (2012)

Comparative studies between commercial Trichoderma reesei cellulase preparations show that, depending on the preparation and loading, total protein precipitation can be as high as 30 % under standard hydrolysis conditions used for lignocellulosic materials. ATR-IR and SDS-PAGE data verify precipitates are protein-based and contain key cell wall hydrolyzing enzymes. Precipitation increased considerably with incubation temperature; roughly 50-150 % increase from 40 to 50 °C and 800 % greater at 60 °C. All of the reported protein losses translated into significant, and often drastic, losses in activity on related 4-nitrophenyl substrates. In addition, supplementation with the non-ionic surfactant PEG 6,000 decreased precipitation up to 80 % in 24 h precipitation levels. Protein precipitation is potentially substantial during enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocelluloses and should be accounted for during lignocellulose conversion process design, particularly when enzyme recycling is considered.
Acute Moderate-Intensity Exercise Induces Vasodilation Through an Increase in Nitric Oxide Bioavailiability in Humans (2007)

These findings suggest that acute moderate-intensity exercise induces vasodilation through an increase in NO bioavailability in humans and that high-intensity exercise increases oxidative stress.
Radioimmunoassay for the Antigenic Determinants of Cholera Toxin and Its Components (1977)

A radioimmunoassay procedure is described for the detection of cholera toxin and its component polypeptide chains. Cholera toxin, A subunit, B subunit, alpha chain, and gamma chain were iodinated by the chloramine T procedure. Radiolabeling did not significantly alter the polyacrylamide electrophoretic migration patterns of the toxin or its components. Moreover, radiolabeled toxin, B subunit, and alpha chain preparations retained substantial ability to bind to intestinal mucosal homogenates. The minimal amount of antitoxin detectable with radiolabeled toxin was 0.04 antitoxin units/ml. Substitution of radiolabeled B subunit, A subunit, and alpha chain for radiolabeled toxin decreased the sensitivity of the test. Radiolabeled gamma chain did not bind to the antitoxin preparation. Competitive inhibition studies, with titrated anti-choleragen serum and radiolabeled toxin or components, indicated that the minimum concentration of toxin detectable was 7.0 x 10(-8) mumol/ml at a 90% inhibition level. The A subunit and alpha chain preparations inhibited the binding of the radiolabeled B subunit to antitoxin sites. Conversely, B subunit inhibited the binding of radiolabeled A subunit and alpha chain to antitoxin. The gamma chain did not show any reaction with antitoxin or cross-reaction with either whole toxin or its components. These results strongly suggest that the A subunit and the alpha chain contain antigenic determinant(s) that are common to the B subunit. The B subunit (beta chain) and the alpha chain of cholera toxin may therefore contain region(s) of chemical similarity.