gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scattering from a moving spherical particle by two crossed coherent plane waves (1977)

The Mie scattering properties of a homogeneous, isotropic spherical particle, moving at a constant velocity and illuminated by two intersecting coherent plane waves having the same polarization direction, have been analyzed based upon an exact solution to Maxwell's equations. The solutions are in a form suitable for the calculation of the time varying scattered signal integrated across a detector aperture of variable size that is centered on either the forward or backward scattering direction. This problem is of importance in defining the scattered signal in a cross beam laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV). Results obtained from calculating the integrated scattered signal indicate a strong dependence upon the following physical parameters: particle size, index of refraction, cross beam angle, and collection solid angle.
Purification and characterization of a thermostable beta-xylosidase from Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus (1992)

A highly thermostable beta-xylosidase, exhibiting similarly high activities for arylxylose and arylarabinose, was purified (72-fold) to gel electrophoretic homogeneity from the ethanologenic thermophilic anaerobe Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus. The isoelectric point is pH 4.6; the apparent molecular weight is around 165,000 for the native enzyme (gel filtration and gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) and 85,000 for the two subunits (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). The enzyme exhibited the highest affinity towards p-NO2-phenyl xyloside (pNPX) (substrate concentration for half-maximal activity = 0.018 mM at 82 degrees C and pH 5.0) but the highest specific activity with p-NO2-phenylarabinofuranoside. T(opt), 5 min, the temperature for the maximum initial activity in a 5-min assay of the purified enzyme, was observed around pH 5.9 and 93 degrees C; however at 65 and 82 degrees C, the pH optimum was 5.0 to 5.2, and at this pH the maximal initial activity was observed at 82 degrees C (pH 5.0 to 5.5). The pH curves and temperature curves for arylxylosides as substrates differed significantly from those for arylarabinosides as substrates. An incubation for 3 h at 82 degrees C in the absence of substrate reduced the activity to around 75%. At 86 degrees C the half-life was around 15 min. With pNPX as the substrate, an Arrhenius energy of 69 kJ/mol was determined. The N-terminal sequence did not reveal a high similarity to those from other published enzyme sequences.
Estimating the predominant number of clusters in a dataset (2013)

In cluster analysis, finding the number of clusters, K, for a given dataset is an important yet very tricky task, simply for the facts that there is no universally accepted correct or wrong answer for most real world problems and it all depends on th
In Vivo Delivery of Nucleic Acids via Glycopolymer Vehicles Affords Therapeutic Infarct Size Reduction In Vivo (2011)

Using a new class of nontoxic and degradable glycopolymer-based vehicles termed poly(glycoamidoamine)s, we demonstrate virus-like delivery efficacy of oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) decoys to cardiomyoblasts (H9c2), primary cardiomyocytes, and the mouse heart. These glycopolymers bind and compact ODN decoys into nanoparticle complexes that are internalized by the cell membrane and mediate nuclear uptake of DNA in 90+% of cultured primary cardiomyocytes and 87% of the mouse myocardium. Experimental results reveal that decoys delivered via these glycopolymers block the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB, a major contributor to ischemia/reperfusion injury. Decoy complexes formed with glycopolymer T4 significantly blocked downstream gene expression of Cox-2 and limited myocardial infarction in vivo, phenocopying a transgenic mouse model. These promising delivery vehicles may facilitate high-throughput genetic approaches in animal models. Additionally, the low toxicity, biodegradation, and outstanding delivery efficacy suggest that these nanomedicines may be clinically applicable for gene regulatory therapy.
Total administered dose of ibandronate determines its effects on bone mass and architecture in ovariectomized aged rats. (2002)

There were no differences between the various regimens, suggesting that it is the total dose of ibandronate rather than the treatment schedule that is important for efficacy, at least within the tested dosing intervals.
KIR and HLA Loci Are Associated with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Case-Control Study (2011)

In conclusion, this study has identified significant associations that suggest an important role for NK cells in HCC incidence in HBV-infected patients. Our study is useful for HCC surveillance and has implications for novel personalized therapy strategy development aiming at HCC prevention in HBV-infected patients.
Neuropathology of the vegetative state after head injury (2005)

A detailed neuropathological study of patients identified clinically after head injury as either severely disabled (SD, n = 30) or vegetative (VS, n = 35) has been carried out to determine the nature and frequency of the various pathologies that form the basis of these clinical states. Patients who were SD were older (SD median 49.5 yrs vs. VS median 38 yrs, p = .04), more likely to have a lucid interval (SD 31% vs. VS 9%, p = .03), and to have had an acute intracranial haematoma (SD 70% vs. VS 26%, p < .001). SD patients less often had severe, Grades (2 or 3) of traumatic diffuse axonal injury (SD 30% vs. VS 71%, p = .001) and less often had thalamic damage (SD 37% vs. VS 80%, p < .001). Similar features of both focal and diffuse damage were present in some SD and VS cases with both groups having considerable damage to white matter and to the thalamus. It is concluded that the principal structural basis of both SD and VS is diffuse traumatic axonal injury (DAI) with widespread damage to white matter and changes in the thalami. However, both ischaemic brain damage and the vascular complications of raised intracranial pressure contributed to the clinical signs and symptoms.
Concurrent Programming: Principles and Practice (1991)

I. BASIC CONCEPTS. Sequential Programming. Language Notation. Logic, Propositions, and Predicates. A Programming Logic. Proofs in Programming Logic. Program Derivation. Historical Notes and References. Exercises. Concurrency and Synchronization. Specifying Concurrent Execution. Atomic Actions and Synchronization. Semantics of Concurrent Execution. Techniques for Avoiding Interference. Auxiliary Variables. Safety and Liveness Properties. Historical Notes and References. Exercises. II. SHARED VARIABLES. Fine-Grained Synchronization. The Critical Section Problem. Critical Sections: Tie-Breaker Algorithm. Critical Sections: Ticket Algorithm. Critical Sections: Bakery Algorithm. Barrier Synchronization. Data Parallel Algorithms. On-The-Fly Garbage Collection. Implementing Processes. Historical Notes and References. Exercises. Semaphores. Notation and Semantics. Basic Uses and Programming Techniques. Selective Mutual Exclusion. General Condition Synchronization. Resource Allocation. Implementation. Historical Notes and References. Exercises. Conditional Critical Regions. Notation and Semantics. Dining Philosophers Revisited. Reader/Writers Revisited. Interprocess Communication. Scheduling and Resource Allocation. Implementations. Historical Notes and References. Exercises. Monitors. Programming Notation. Formal Semantics and Program Proofs. Synchronization Techniques. Disk Scheduling: Program Structures. Alternative Approaches to Synchronization. Implementations. Historical Notes and References. Exercises. III. MESSAGE PASSING. Asynchronous Message Passing. Programming Notation. Formal Semantics. Filters: A Sorting Network. Clients and Servers. Heartbeat Algorithms. Probe/Echo Algorithms. Broadcast Algorithms. Token-Passing Algorithms. Replicated Servers. Implementations. Historical Notes and References. Exercises. Synchronous Message Passing. Programming Notation. Formal Semantics. Networks of Filters. Interacting Parallel Processes. Clients and Servers. Implementations. Historical Notes and References. Exercises. RPC and Rendezvous. Remote Procedure Call. Rendezvous. A Multiple Primitives Notation. Clients and Servers. Parallel Algorithms. Implementation. Historical Notes and References. Exercises. IV. PRACTICE. Language Overviews. Turing Plus: Monitors. Occam: Synchronous Message Passing. Ada: Rendezvous. SR: Multiple Primitives. Linda: Distributed Data Structures. Comparison and Performance. Historical Notes and References. Exercises. Glossary. Bibliography. Index. 0805300864T04062001
RNA-mediated neurodegeneration in repeat expansion disorders (2010)

Most neurodegenerative disorders are thought to result primarily from the accumulation of misfolded proteins, which interfere with protein homeostasis in neurons. For a subset of diseases, however, noncoding regions of RNAs assume a primary toxic gain-of-function, leading to degeneration in many tissues, including the nervous system. Here we review a series of proposed mechanisms by which noncoding repeat expansions give rise to nervous system degeneration and dysfunction. These mechanisms include transcriptional alterations and the gen-eration of antisense transcripts, sequestration of mRNA-associated protein complexes that lead to aberrant mRNA splicing and processing, and alterations in cellular processes, including activation of abnormal signaling cascades and failure of protein quality control pathways. We place these potential mechanisms in the context of known RNA-mediated disorders, including the myotonic dystrophies and fragile X tremor ataxia syndrome, and discuss recent results suggesting that mRNA toxicity may also play a role in some presumably protein-mediated neuro-degenerative disorders. Lastly, we comment on recent progress in therapeutic development for these RNA-dominant diseases. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:291–300 Nucleotide repeat expansion disorders comprise a het-erogeneous group of diseases that result from expan-sion of specific repetitive DNA microsatellite sequences.
Direct mass spectrometric analysis of Bacillus spores (1999)

Spores from the Bacillus species, B. cereus, B. anthracis, B. thuringensis, B. lichenformis, B. globigi, and B. subtilis, were examined by direct probe mass spectrometry using electron ionization (EI) and positive and negative chemical ionization (CI). Molecular ions from free fatty acids and nucleic acids were observed in the 70eV spectra as were fragments from glycerides. Spectra obtained with isobutane positive chemical ionization (CI(+)) were dominated by ions associated with pyranose compounds such as N-acetylglucosamine (NAG). Unlike the positive ion spectra, the negative ion spectra of the spores were very simple and contained few peaks. The M(-.) ion from dipicolinic acid (DPA) was the base peak in the negative ion spectra of all spore species except those from B. lichenformis. The negative ion of DPA produced such a strong signal that 10(8) colony forming units (CFUs) of B. cereus spores could be detected directly in 0.5 g of ground rice. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the spectra revealed that only CI(+) spectra contained differences that could be used to identify the spectra by species. Differentiation of the CI(+) spectra by PCA was attributed to variances in the peaks associated with the bacterial polymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and NAG. Similar differences in PHB and NAG peaks were detected in the CI(+) spectra of a suite of vegetative Bacillus stains grown with various media.
A Passive Nonlinear Damping Design for a Road Race Car Application (2006)

A suspension system does not merely isolate a vehicle from the shocks and vibrations induced by the road surface. It also keeps the wheels in contact with the road, ensuring vehicle stability and control. In order to properly determine the stiffness and damping parameters of a Formula SAE, models for a quarter car and a seven degree-of-freedom car (DOF-7) were developed based upon Newton’s second law. These were built using MatLab/Simulink. The quarter car model was taken first, to study the effect of four (4) suspension parameters on the tires’ vertical load fluctuations. The results were then used to optimize suspension parameters for the 7-DOF model, taking the bounce, roll and pitch motions of the chassis into account in addition to its four-wheel hops. Track data was acquired and used as input to the model. Nonlinear damping was implemented in the 7-DOF model to study the car’s behavior. The simulation results show that very high damping helps control the slow motions of the chassis, while at higher wheel hop speeds, a low damping ratio minimizes the tires’ vertical load fluctuations.
Heparin-Coated Stents (2000)

Stenting has revolutionized the field of interventional cardiology. However, early studies revealed a high incidence of thrombotic occlusion of the stent and significant bleeding complications resulting from the use of intensive anticoagulation after implantation. One of the strategies used to reduce stent thrombosis and hemorrhagic complications has been to decrease the thrombogenicity of the stent surface. For this purpose, a unique heparin surface patented by Carmeda AB (Stockholm, Sweden)--the Carmeda BioActive Surface (CBAS)--has been coated onto Cordis (Johnson & Johnson) stents. Preclinical evaluations of the thromboresistance of heparin-coated stents and clinical studies of heparin-coated stents in a variety of clinical settings are discussed.
A traveling-wave-based waveform approximation technique for the timing verification of single transmission lines (2002)

Today's high-speed very large scale integration interconnects are becoming inductively dominated (moderate Q) resistance-inductance-capacitance (RLC) transmission lines. The time-domain system responses of RLC interconnect lines driving load capacitances cannot be accurately represented by using a finite number of poles with exception for a particular case of RC-time-constant-dominant (low Q) RLC systems. In this paper, a new traveling-wave-based waveform approximation technique is presented. The method suggests that a steady-state traveling wave is approximately determined by a three-pole approximation technique. Then the time-domain response of the system can be accurately determined by using the traveling waves that are modeled by multiple reflections. The signal delay models of the RLC interconnect lines are derived as a closed form. The technique is verified by varying the source resistance, load impedance, and transmission line circuit model parameters of several RLC lines. The results show excellent agreement with HSPICE simulation results. That is, approximately 5% error in a 50% delay calculation can be achieved.
p-Aminobenzoic acid (pABA) sensitization of LaF<sub>3</sub>:Tb<sup>3+</sup> nanoparticles and its applications in the detection of explosive materials (2015)

“A novel approach for detecting highly explosive aromatic nitro compounds utilizing pABA sensitised terbium (Tb<sup>3+</sup>) doped spherical LaF<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles.”
Socio-economic influences of dental-medical advance. (1979)

Photograph of road construction technical drawing for Cedar Canyon in an outdoor display case in the northern unit of the Roosevelt Recreational Demonstration Area in western North Dakota. Picture is part of a photograph collection in a binder kept by Chandler D. Fairbank, a foreman at the northern unit of the Roosevelt Recreational Demonstration Area in western North Dakota.
Adsorption and removal of oxo-anions of arsenic and selenium on the zirconium(iv) loaded polymer resin functionalized with diethylenetriamine-N,N,N′,N′-polyacetic acid (2000)

A polymer adsorbent in which a Zr(IV)–edta complex analogue is immobilized has been prepared and applied to the removal of oxo-anions of As(III), As(V) and Se(IV). Effective retention of these anions has been demonstrated with the proposed polymer complex system. The adsorption mechanism of oxo-anions onto the Zr(IV)-chelated polymer complex has been investigated using Zr(IV)–edta as the model compound. The formation of mixed complexes with oxo-anions has been exemplified by the isolation of the carbonato complex K2[Zr(CO3)edta]·3H2O, the structure of which has been confirmed by X-ray crystallography. NMR study suggests that oxo-anions that form weak or moderate conjugate acids, including those of As(III), As(V) and Se(IV), can form mixed complexes with Zr(IV)–edta using the unsaturated coordination site. However, oxo-anions of strong conjugate acids did not show any appreciable interaction with this complex. According to these observations, retention of oxo-anions on the Zr(IV)-chelated polymer complex has been interpreted by a ligand substitution reaction. The adsorption characteristics of As(III), As(V) and Se(IV) on the Zr(IV)-loaded resin have been examined with respect to the equilibrium adsorption, percentage extraction and the effect of co-existing ions. The adsorption and desorption cycles of the oxo-anions have been demonstrated using a column packed with the proposed resin without any loss of column performance, which indicates the possibility for repeated use.
Responses of Wild-Type and Resistant Strains of the Hyperthermophilic Bacterium<i>Thermotoga maritima</i>to Chloramphenicol Challenge (2007)

Transcriptomes and growth physiologies of the hyperthermophile Thermotoga maritima and an antibiotic-resistant spontaneous mutant were compared prior to and following exposure to chloramphenicol. While the wild-type response was similar to that of mesophilic bacteria, reduced susceptibility of the mutant was attributed to five mutations in 23S rRNA and phenotypic preconditioning to chloramphenicol.
The operation of a superconducting wiggler at TERAS (1998)

A superconducting wiggler has been successfully installed at the ETL 800 MeV electron storage ring facility (TERAS). The operation of the wiggler at magnetic field strengths of 5 T with electron beam energy of 750 MeV has been accomplished. The wiggler has been designed and constructed to produce synchrotron radiation with critical photon energy around 3 keV for scientific, industrial and medical applications. We report here experiments that demonstrate the possibility of stable operation of a superconducting wiggler in a small storage ring.
Immunologic and Biochemical Analysis of TNT-1 and TNT-2 Monoclonal Antibody Binding to Histones (1993)

Two novel murine monoclonal antibodies that bind to intracellular antigens, designated TNT-1 and TNT-2, have been generated by immunizing mice with nuclear extracts from human lymphoma cells. The monoclonal antibodies were initially identified by indirect immunofluorescence on lymphoma cell lines and subsequently were found to stain the nucleus of all cell types from several species including plants by indirect immunofluorescence techniques. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that TNT-1 bound to a protein of 22 kD and TNT-2 bound to two proteins of 15 and 22 kD, consistent with the known molecular weight of histones. To characterize their immunoreactivity, competition radioimmunoassays were performed using purified histone fractions H1, H2a, H2b and H3. By these assays, TNT-1 was found to bind to histone fraction H1 and TNT-2 to an epitope common to histone fractions H1 and H3. Histones are found in abundance in the nucleus of the cell and are known to play a major role in chromosome structure and gene expression. Upon cell death, histones remain tightly bound to DNA and consequently provide an abundant intracellular antigen that can be exploited in targeting necrotic cells, such as those found in tumors.
Ultra-high resolution AMOLED (2011)

AMOLED microdisplays continue to show improvement in resolution and optical performance, enhancing their appeal for a broad range of near-eye applications such as night vision, simulation and training, situational awareness, augmented reality, medical imaging, and mobile video entertainment and gaming. eMagin's latest development of an HDTV+ resolution technology integrates an OLED pixel of 3.2 × 9.6 microns in size on a 0.18 micron CMOS backplane to deliver significant new functionality as well as the capability to implement a 1920×1200 microdisplay in a 0.86" diagonal area. In addition to the conventional matrix addressing circuitry, the HDTV+ display includes a very lowpower, low-voltage-differential-signaling (LVDS) serialized interface to minimize cable and connector size as well as electromagnetic emissions (EMI), an on-chip set of look-up-tables for digital gamma correction, and a novel pulsewidth- modulation (PWM) scheme that together with the standard analog control provides a total dimming range of 0.05cd/m<sup>2</sup> to 2000cd/m<sup>2</sup> in the monochrome version. The PWM function also enables an impulse drive mode of operation that significantly reduces motion artifacts in high speed scene changes. An internal 10-bit DAC ensures that a full 256 gamma-corrected gray levels are available across the entire dimming range, resulting in a measured dynamic range exceeding 20-bits. This device has been successfully tested for operation at frame rates ranging from 30Hz up to 85Hz. This paper describes the operational features and detailed optical and electrical test results for the new AMOLED WUXGA resolution microdisplay.
Characterization of a Staphylococcal Plasmid Related to pUB110 and Carrying Two Novel Genes, <i>vatC</i> and <i>vgbB</i> , Encoding Resistance to Streptogramins A and B and Similar Antibiotics (1998)

We isolated and sequenced a plasmid, named pIP1714 (4,978 bp), which specifies resistance to streptogramins A and B and the mixture of these compounds. pIP1714 was isolated from a Staphylococcus cohnii subsp. cohnii strain found in the environment of a hospital where pristinamycin was extensively used. Resistance to both compounds and related antibiotics is encoded by two novel, probably cotranscribed genes, (i) vatC, encoding a 212-amino-acid (aa) acetyltransferase that inactivates streptogramin A and that exhibits 58.2 to 69.8% aa identity with the Vat, VatB, and SatA proteins, and (ii) vgbB, encoding a 295-aa lactonase that inactivates streptogramin B and that shows 67% aa identity with the Vgb lactonase. pIP1714 includes a 2,985-bp fragment also found in two rolling-circle replication and mobilizable plasmids, pUB110 and pBC16, from gram-positive bacteria. In all three plasmids, the common fragment was delimited by two direct repeats of four nucleotides (GGGC) and included (i) putative genes closely related to repB, which encodes a replication protein, and to pre(mob), which encodes a protein required for conjugative mobilization and site-specific recombination, and (ii) sequences very similar to the double- and single-strand origins (dso, ssoU) and the recombination site, RSA. The antibiotic resistance genes repB and pre(mob) carried by each of these plasmids were found in the same transcriptional orientation.