gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Technologies in Spine (2001)

Study Design Literature review Objectives To describe new treatments for painful osteoporotic compression fractures in light of available scientific literature and clinical experience. Summary of Background Data. Painful vertebral osteoporotic compression fractures lead to significant morbidity and mortality. This relates to pulmonary dysfunction, eating disorders (nutritional deficits), pain, loss of independence, and mental status change (related to pain and medications). Medications to treat osteoporosis (primarily antiresorptive) do not effectively treat the pain or the fracture, and require over 1 year to reduce the degree of osteoporosis. Kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty are new techniques that help decrease the pain and improve function in fractured vertebrae. Methods. This is a descriptive review of the background leading to vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty, a description of the techniques, a review of the literature, as well as current ongoing studies evaluating kyphoplasty. Results Both techniques have had a very high acceptance and use rate. There is 95% improvement in pain and significant improvement in function following treatment by either of these percutaneous techniques. Kyphoplasty improves height of the fractured vertebra, and improves kyphosis by over 50%, if performed within 3 months from the onset of the fracture (onset of pain). There is some height improvement, though not as marked, along with 95% clinical improvement, if the procedure is performed after 3 months. Complications occur with both and relate to cement leakage in both, and cement emboli with vertebroplasty. Conclusion Kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty are safe and effective, and have a useful role in the treatment of painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures that do not respond to conventional treatments. Kyphoplasty offers the additional advantage of realigning the spinal column and regaining height of the fractured vertebra, which may help decrease the pulmonary, GI, and early morbidity consequences related to these fractures. Both procedures are technically demanding.
The Cerec 3--a quantum leap for computer-aided restorations: initial clinical results. (2001)

The Cerec 3 system simplifies and accelerates the fabrication of ceramic inlays, onlays, veneers, and quarter, half, and complete crowns for anterior and posterior teeth. Cerec 3 software simplifies occlusal and functional registration. Proper occlusion is established accurately and quickly; manual adjustment is reduced to a minimum. The separate grinding device, working true to morphologic detail and with fine surface quality, is connected to the optical unit by radio control. Equipped with a laser scanner, it can also be used for indirect application through a standard personal computer. The Cerec 3 system is network and multimedia ready and, in combination with an intraoral color videocamera or a digital radiography unit, can be used for patient education and for user training. The Cerec 3 system thus is a diagnostic, restorative, training, and documentation center for the dental practice.
Acute renal failure related to intravenous immunoglobulin infusion in an elderly woman. (2005)

Intravenous immunoglobulin infusion induces acute renal failure via a mechanism of osmotic nephrosis. Most reported cases are related to the use of sucrose-based intravenous immunoglobulin. Maltose-based intravenous immunoglobulin is thought to be a safer alternative and have a lower risk of renal toxicity than sucrose-based preparations. Maltase, but not sucrase, is present in the brush border of proximal convoluted renal tubules, where the maltose is metabolised. We report a case of maltose-based intravenous immunoglobulin-induced acute renal failure in an elderly diabetic woman. In this case, the risk factors included advanced age, hypovolaemia, sepsis, diabetes mellitus, and the high infusion rate of the intravenous immunoglobulin. Maltase is readily inhibited by hyperglycaemia; therefore, poor glycaemic control may predispose patients to develop acute renal failure even with the better-tolerated maltose-based intravenous immunoglobulin.
Accelerating Rabin Karp on a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) using Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) (2014)

String matching or pattern matching algorithms are used in various applications. They are used to find the occurrences of a pattern in a given text or a pool of strings. They are widely used in text editors in computing machines, database queries, bio-informatics, chem-informatics, search engines and many more applications. String matching algorithms can be of two ways: single pattern matching and multiple pattern matching. Rabin Karp is a string searching algorithm that can act in both ways. Since these algorithms are working on large pool of data, achieving higher throughput on the implementation of the algorithm has always been a major concern. Parallel implementation of such algorithms can achieve the concerned objective. Parallelism could be achieved easily with the rapid development of GPU architectures. In this research, Rabin Karp algorithm is implemented in CUDA C. We have compared CUDA implementation of this algorithm against both its serial CPU implementation and parallel Pthread implementation on multi-core CPUs. Eventually, using the empirical results, we could conclude that the CUDA C implementation of Rabin Karp on the GPU can achieve much high throughput for a large pool of data in string matching.
Comparison of Spray‐drying, Drum‐drying and Freeze‐drying for β‐Carotene Encapsulation and Preservation (1997)

ABSTRACT Pure β‐carotene was encapsulated in 25 Dextrose Equivalent maltodextrin by three drying processes (spray, freeze and drum). Stability was studied at 11% and 32% RH and 25°C, 35°C and 45°C. No significant influence of %RH was observed on the retention of β‐carotene. Oxidation followed first order kinetics with an initial fast first order reaction followed by a second much slower first order reaction period. Although drum‐drying caused more initial loss in drying, the lower surface carotenoids and larger particle size resulted in greater stability as compared to the other methods. The chromametric measurements of “L” and “a” corresponded to the other kinetics and indicated that the first period rapid loss corresponded to the oxidation of surface carotenoids.
Storage of mushrooms in pre‐packs: The effect of changes in carbon dioxide and oxygen on quality (1973)

Abstract Mushrooms ( Agaricus bisporus ) were picked at the “button” stage (velum differentiated but unbroken) and stored for 3 to 5 days at 2 or 18 °C in styrene punnets (pre‐packs) overwrapped with one of a range of plastic films. Concentrations of carbon dioxide and oxygen were measured inside the pre‐packs at intervals. When the packs were opened, internal and external browning, loss of weight and diameter of the mushrooms were measured and subjective assessments of quality were made. These parameters were compared with those of mushrooms stored in unwrapped punnets. As a result of the mushroom respiration, the internal atmosphere of the prepack was rapidly modified until, after about 24 h, a rough equilibrium concentration of CO 2 and O 2 was established in the range 4 to 10% CO 2 and 11 to 17% O 2 at 2 °C or 8 to 15% CO 2 and 1 to 2% O 2 at 18 °C; the mean concentration was dependent on the type of film. An equation, applicable to five out of six films that were tested, is proposed to describe the relationship between the equilibrium CO 2 concentrations at 18 °C and the permeability data of the film. At 18 °C, the gas changes inside the pre‐packs prevented opening of the pileus and, in combination with prevention of water loss by the film, slowed down deterioration of the mushrooms. However, concentrations of CO 2 much above or below 10 to 12% were associated with increased internal browning. At 2 °C overwrapping generally caused slight external browning of the pileus. The relevance of the results are discussed in relation to the commercial marketing of pre‐packed mushrooms.
On the inverse kinematics and statics of cable-suspended robots (2002)

The paper examines some issues concerning the inverse kinematics and statics of cable suspended robots and studies some of the inherent workspace limitations that result from the fact that the robot is cable actuated. The paper presents a necessary and sufficient condition for a cable suspended robot to be capable of achieving static equilibrium at a given configuration. This condition is based on the left null space of an augmented manipulator Jacobian and is easily implemented as an algorithm for testing configurations. To illustrate the efficacy of the results, planar and fully spatial examples are presented.
Down-regulation of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor and insulin receptor substrate-1 expression in advanced human breast cancer (2000)

The ligands, receptors and related signaling proteins of the insulin-like growth factor family are involved in the regulation of breast-cancer cell growth. We investigated the expression pattern of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR), insulin receptor (IR) and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), a core downstream signaling protein, in 69 primary breast-cancer specimens of different grades and in 21 control tissues by immunohistochemistry. In addition, cell proliferation (percentage of Ki67(+) nuclei) and estrogen receptor (ER) expression were determined. IGF-IR, IRS-1 and IR were expressed mainly in epithelial cells. IRS-1 and IGF-IR were expressed at high levels in control tissues and in well and moderately differentiated carcinomas but at low levels in poorly differentiated breast cancers. IR expression did not show a significant correlation with the differentiation grade of the tissues investigated. Statistical analysis (ROC analysis for tumor grade) demonstrated that down-regulation of IGF-IR and IRS-1 correlated better with tumor progression than reduction of ER expression or increase in cell proliferation, IGF-IR showing the best correlation, followed by IRS-1 and, less significant, ER and Ki67. Our findings clearly show that progression of breast cancer is accompanied by a reduction of IGF-IR/IRS-1 expression and that IGF-IR/IRS-1 expression inversely correlates with high proliferation rate in dedifferentiated breast cancers. The strong correlation of IGF-IR and IRS-1 down-regulation with tumor progression suggests the use of IGF-IR and IRS-1 as a novel set of marker proteins for tumor grading.
Experimental and Numerical Validation of Digital, Electromechanical, Parametrically Excited Amplifiers (2016)

A parametric amplifier having a tunable, dual-frequency pumping signal and a controlled cubic stiffness term is realized and investigated experimentally. This device can be tuned to amplify a desired, single frequency weak signal, well below resonance. The transition between a previously described theoretical model and a working prototype requires an additional effort in several areas: modeling, design, calibration, identification, verification, and adjustment of the theoretical model. The present paper describes these necessary steps and analyzes the results. Tunability is achieved here by adding a digitally controlled feedback, driving a linear mechanical oscillator with an electromechanical actuator. The main advantage of the present approach stems from the separation of the controlled parametric and nonlinear feedback terms which are linked to the resonating element. This separation allows for the realization of feedback in an electronic form where a digital implementation adds further advantages as the feedback coefficients can be tuned in situ. This arrangement benefits from the mechanical resonance of a structure and from the ability to set the parametric excitation such that it accommodates sinusoidal input signals over a wide range of frequencies. The importance of an in situ identification phase is made clear in this work, as the precise setting of model and feedback parameters was shown to be crucial for successful application of the amplifier. A detailed model-identification effort is described throughout this paper. It has been shown through identification that the approach is robust despite some modeling uncertainties and imperfections.
Ethylene to Propylene by One-Pot Catalytic Cascade Reactions (2015)

An original method for converting ethylene to propylene involving cascade oligomerization/isomerization/metathesis reactions over two robust and highly active heterogeneous catalysts is investigated. In a single flow reactor and under identical conditions, ethylene was first selectively dimerized/isomerized over Ni-AlSBA-15 catalyst to form 2-butenes, which reacted then with the excess of ethylene over MoO3–SiO2–Al2O3 to produce propylene. At 80 °C and 3 MPa, specific activities up to 48 mmol of propylene per gram of catalyst per hour were obtained.
Biomechanics of Scar Tissue and Uninjured Skin (2013)

Compared with uninjured skin, scar tissue demonstrates similar high-load stiffness, greatly reduced resistance to failure, reduced low-load compliance, and altered material directionality. These findings, identified through combined stress relaxation and failure testing, suggest morphological changes with injury that are consistent with the viscoelastic and directional changes observed biomechanically. A more complete understanding of the directional, physiologically relevant skin biomechanics can guide the design and critical functional assessment of wound treatments, scaffolds, and tissue-engineered skin replacements.
Combining logic minimization and folding for PLAs (1991)

The authors present an approach that combines logic minimization and folding for a programmable logic array (PLA). An efficient algorithm is proposed for optimal bipartite column folding. In the algorithm, the authors model the PLA personality matrix as a network and the bipartite PLA folding as a partitioning problem of that network. This folding algorithm is able to find optimal solutions for the benchmarks from the literature. The algorithm also substitutes product terms by their alternatives in order to find the one best suited for folding. The authors combine this algorithm and a logic minimization algorithm into a folding system. When comparing the results to those by a conventional approach, about one half of the benchmarks show area gain if product-term-alternatives exist.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Anticholesteremic Property of Lactobacillus Acidophilus Yogurt Fed to Mature Boars2 (1989)

Three strains of Lactobacilus acidophilus (LA) were isolated from the feces of mature boars that were not being fed antibiotics from the Nebraska Gene Pool (NGP). All three LA isolates were screened in vitro for anticholesteremic and antimicrobial activities. One strain, LA16, caused the greatest reduction in cholesterol and inhibited both Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli the most. LA16 was used to produce 16, 18.9-liter quantities of acidophilus yogurt (AY), over a period of 8 wk, for use as a feed ingredient in diets for the NGP boars. Colony forming units (cfu), pH, protein, energy, Ca and P were consistent across all 16 batches of yogurt. All of the 18 boars were fed a high-cholesterol diet for a period of 56 d at a rate of 2.268 kg/(hd.d) to furnish 6.661 g/(hd.d) of cholesterol. Nine of the boars then were fed 1.81 kg/(hd.d) of a second diet that was supplemented with .454 kg/(hd.d) of AY. The other nine boars were fed the original diet. Cholesterol intake was the same for the two dietary treatments. Blood samples were collected weekly from the brachial-jugular region and the sera were analyzed for lipids. Acidophilus yogurt reduced serum cholesterol (P less than .01) and low density lipoproteins (P less than .08), but it had no effect on serum triglycerides (P greater than .23) or on high density lipoproteins (P greater than .11).
Anti‐angiogenic effects of the tubulysin precursor pretubulysin and of simplified pretubulysin derivatives (2012)

Prt, a chemically accessible precursor of some tubulysins is a highly attractive anti-angiogenic compound both in vitro and in vivo. Even more simplified derivatives of this compound still retain high anti-angiogenic efficacy.
Coplanar Electrode Layout Optimized for Increased Sensitivity for Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (2014)

This work describes an improvement in the layout of coplanar electrodes for electrical impedance spectroscopy. We have developed, fabricated, and tested an improved electrode layout, which improves the sensitivity of an impedance flow cytometry chip. The improved chip was experimentally tested and compared to a chip with a conventional electrode layout. The improved chip was able to discriminate 0.5 μm beads from 1 μm as opposed to the conventional chip. Furthermore, finite element modeling was used to simulate the improvements in electrical field density and uniformity between the electrodes of the new electrode layout. Good agreement was observed between the model and the obtained experimental results.
The Anodic Polarization Behavior of Copper (1970)

The anodic polarization characteristics of copper have been studied under a variety of environmental conditions. In dilute acid solutions at room temperature, copper may dissolve at rates limited by a diffusion‐controlled current; increasing the acid concentration results in an increased tendency for passivation. Lowering the temperature promotes the establishment of passivity. A passivation reaction was observed in all the alkaline solutions studied. Galvanostatic charging and decay curves show the existence of several potential plateaus which have been correlated with probable potential‐dependent surface reactions.
Indium segregation in InGaN quantum-well structures (2000)

Direct evidence for In-segregation in InGaN/GaN quantum-well structures is given via highly spatially resolved energy dispersive x-ray analysis performed in a dedicated scanning transmission electron microscope. The In fluctuations become increasingly pronounced in the vicinity of dislocations. The latter assist In diffusion and cause severe Ga/In intermixing.
Highly Efficient Polymeric Electrophosphorescent Diodes (2006)

Polymeric electrophosphorescent LEDs with internal quantum efficiencies approaching unity have been fabricated. Such performance levels are previously unknown for OLEDs. The key to this success is redox chemically doped oxetane-crosslinkable hole-transporting layers with multilayer capability (see figure). They improve hole injection and act as electron-blocking layers, without the need to include exciton- or hole-blocking layers.
RECEIVER NOISE TEMPERATURE, THE QUANTUM NOISE LIMIT, AND THE ROLE OF THE ZERO-POINT FLUCTUATIONS (1997)

There are in use at present three different ways of deducing the receiver noise temperature TR from the measured Y-factor, each resulting in a different value of TR . The methods differ in the way the physical of the hot and cold loads, T h and Tc (usually room temperature and liquid nitrogen), are converted into radiated power temperatures to deduce T R from Y. Only one of these methods is consistent with Tucker's quantum mixer theory and the constraints of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. The paper also examines the minimum system noise achievable with single- and double-sideband receivers.
Organic chemistry of calcium. Formation and pyrolysis of hydroxycalcium phenoxides (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganic chemistry of calcium. Formation and pyrolysis of hydroxycalcium phenoxidesRichard H. Schlosberg and Charles G. ScoutenCite this: Energy Fuels 1988, 2, 4, 582–585Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00010a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00010a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views415Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A neuromorphic VLSI device for implementing 2D selective attention systems (2001)

Selective attention is a mechanism used to sequentially select and process salient subregions of the input space, while suppressing inputs arriving from nonsalient regions. By processing small amounts of sensory information in a serial fashion, rather than attempting to process all the sensory data in parallel, this mechanism overcomes the problem of flooding limited processing capacity systems with sensory inputs. It is found in many biological systems and can be a useful engineering tool for developing artificial systems that need to process in real-time sensory data. In this paper we present a neuromorphic hardware model of a selective attention mechanism implemented on a very large scale integration (VLSI) chip, using analog circuits. The chip makes use of a spike-based representation for receiving input signals, transmitting output signals and for shifting the selection of the attended input stimulus over time. It can be interfaced to neuromorphic sensors and actuators, for implementing multichip selective attention systems. We describe the characteristics of the circuits used in the architecture and present experimental data measured from the system.
Modular Bosonic Subsystem Codes (2020)

We introduce a framework to decompose a bosonic mode into two virtual subsystems-a logical qubit and a gauge mode. This framework allows the entire toolkit of qubit-based quantum information to be applied in the continuous-variable setting. We give a detailed example based on a modular decomposition of the position basis and apply it in two situations. First, we decompose Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill grid states and find that the encoded logical state can be damaged due to entanglement with the gauge mode. Second, we identify and disentangle qubit cluster states hidden inside of Gaussian continuous-variable cluster states.