gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Functional Proteomics Screen of Proteases In Colorectal Carcinoma (2000)

This analysis, surveying all major classes of proteases by assays of activity rather than immunolocalization or in situ hybridization alone, serves to identify proteases whose activity is not completely balanced by endogenous inhibitors and which may be essential for tumor progression. These proteases are logical targets for initial efforts to produce low molecular weight protease inhibitors as potential chemotherapy.
Space Colonies and Energy Supply to the Earth (1975)

It is pointed out that a space manufacturing facility may be economically more effective than alternative industries on the earth for the construction of products which are to be used in geosynchronous or higher orbits. The suggestion is made to construct solar power stations at a space colony and relocate them in geosynchronous orbit to supply energy to the earth. Attention is given to energy problems and approaches for solving them, taking into account environmental effects and economic factors. Economic aspects of space manufacturing are discussed in some detail.
The Restriction Factors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (2012)

Cellular proteins called "restriction factors" can serve as powerful blockades to HIV replication, but the virus possesses elaborate strategies to circumvent these barriers. First, we discuss general hallmarks of a restriction factor. Second, we review how the viral Vif protein protects the viral genome from lethal levels of cDNA deamination by promoting APOBEC3 protein degradation; how the viral Vpu, Env, and Nef proteins facilitate internalization and degradation of the virus-tethering protein BST-2/tetherin; and how the viral Vpx protein prevents the premature termination of reverse transcription by degrading the dNTPase SAMHD1. These HIV restriction and counter-restriction mechanisms suggest strategies for new therapeutic interventions.
Synthesis of Pregn-4-eno[3,2-c]pyrazoles Related to 9α-Fluoro-16α-methylcortisol<sup>1</sup> (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Pregn-4-eno[3,2-c]pyrazoles Related to 9α-Fluoro-16α-methylcortisol1Ralph Hirschmann, N. G. Steinberg, E. F. Schoenewaldt, W. J. Paleveda, and Max TishlerCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1964, 7, 3, 352–355Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00333a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00333a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views103Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Photometric Normalization Techniques for Illumination Invariance (2011)

Face recognition technology has come a long way since its beginnings in the previous century. Due to its countless application possibilities, it has attracted the interest of research groups from universities and companies around the world. Thanks to this enormous research effort, the recognition rates achievable with the state-of-the-art face recognition technology are steadily growing, even though some issues still pose major challenges to the technology. Amongst these challenges, coping with illumination-induced appearance variations is one of the biggest and still not satisfactorily solved. A number of techniques have been proposed in the literature to cope with the impact of illumination ranging from simple image enhancement techniques, such as histogram equalization, to more elaborate methods, such as anisotropic smoothing or the logarithmic total variation model. This chapter presents an overview of the most popular and efficient normalization techniques that try to solve the illumination variation problem at the preprocessing level. It assesses the techniques on the YaleB and XM2VTS databases and explores their strengths and weaknesses from the theoretical and implementation point of view.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
L3/Lhx8 is involved in the determination of cholinergic or GABAergic cell fate (2005)

The LIM homeobox family of transcription factors is involved in many processes during the development of the mammalian central nerves system. L3, also called Lhx8 (L3/Lhx8), is a recently identified member of the LIM homeobox gene family and is selectively expressed in the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE). Our previous study demonstrated that L3/Lhx8-null mice specifically lacked cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain. In this study, we reduced L3/Lhx8 function in the murine neuroblastoma cell line, Neuro2a (N2a), using L3/Lhx8-targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA) produced by H1.2 promoter-driven vector. The levels of cholinergic markers per cell were diminished without a reduction in the number of marker-positive cells. Intriguingly, GABAergic marker expression and the number of GABAergic cells were dramatically increased in the differentiating L3/Lhx8-knockdown N2a. These results suggest the possibility that L3/Lhx8 is involved in the determination of transmitter phenotypes (GABAergic or cholinergic cell fate) in a population of neurons during basal forebrain development.
Choosing a cloud DBMS (2019)

As analytic (OLAP) applications move to the cloud, DBMSs have shifted from employing a pure shared-nothing design with locally attached storage to a hybrid design that combines the use of shared-storage (e.g., AWS S3) with the use of shared-nothing query execution mechanisms. This paper sheds light on the resulting tradeoffs, which have not been properly identified in previous work. To this end, it evaluates the TPC-H benchmark across a variety of DBMS offerings running in a cloud environment (AWS) on fast 10Gb+ networks, specifically database-as-a-service offerings (Redshift, Athena), query engines (Presto, Hive), and a traditional cloud agnostic OLAP database (Vertica). While these comparisons cannot be apples-to-apples in all cases due to cloud configuration restrictions, we nonetheless identify patterns and design choices that are advantageous. These include prioritizing low-cost object stores like S3 for data storage, using system agnostic yet still performant columnar formats like ORC that allow easy switching to other systems for different workloads, and making features that benefit subsequent runs like query precompilation and caching remote data to faster storage optional rather than required because they disadvantage ad hoc queries.
A New Block Matching Algorithm for Motion Estimation (2003)

In this paper, an efficient block matching algorithm which is based on the Block Sum Pyramid Algorithm (BSPA) is presented. The cost of BSPA[1] was reduced in the proposed algorithm by using l2 norm and partial distortion elimination technique. Motion estimation accuracy of the proposed algorithm is equal to that of BSPA. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm was verified by experimental results.
The case for generating URIs by hashing RDF content (2002)

In this paper we argue for using hashed URIs to represent RDF content. These URIs are generated by serializing the RDF facts which describe an Object, computing the hash of that serialization, and then using the computed hash as the Object’s URI. In this way, the hashed URI serves both as a short-hand notation for all the facts which describe it and as proof that the facts have not changed. This is particularly advantageous for distributed systems since it guarantees consistency while removing any need to trust the underlying storage. If you receive a URI, and later ask for the facts about that URI, you can prove that the returned facts exactly match those which existed at the time the URI was created.
α-DNA I. Synthesis, characterization by high field<sup>1</sup>H-NMR, and base-pairing properties of the unnatural hexadeoxyribonudeotide α-[d(CpCpTpTpCpC)] with its complement β-[d(GpGpApApGpG)] (1986)

The novel deoxyribonucleotide alpha-[d(CpCpTpTpCpC)] and its complement beta-[d(GpGpApApGpG)] were synthesized by the phosphotriester method. 1H-NMR-NOE examination of the alpha-hexamer revealed that the cytosine and thymine bases appear to adopt anti conformations in this strand. In addition the deoxyribose of the thymidine moieties may adopt average conformations approximating to C3'-endo while the cytidine furanose groups are close to C2'-endo conformations. Both hyperchromicity in thermal melting and detection of base paired imino protons in 1H-NMR studies in H2O provide evidence for the annealing of alpha-d[CCTTCC] with its complement beta-d[GGAAGG] in potassium phosphate buffer pH 7.1 containing 10 mM magnesium chloride. Under these conditions thermal melting begins at 38 degrees C and its complete at approximately 45 degrees C. NOE experiments do not permit a decision on the polarity of annealing (predicted to be parallel) for this particular pair of sequences.
Functional shRNA expression system with reduced off-target effects (2009)

The capability to induce off-target effects by small interfering RNA (siRNA) is highly correlated with the calculated melting temperature (T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> ) of the protein-free seed-target duplex, indicating that its thermodynamic stability is a major factor in determining the degree of the off-target effect. In this study, we analyzed changes in microarray expression profiles following transfection of short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs). In a similar manner to siRNA, no or little off-target effects were observed by shRNA with a low T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> value in the seed-target duplex, whereas a high degree of off-target effect was induced by shRNA with a high T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> . Furthermore, shRNAs were often cleaved by Drosha and/or Dicer at the shifted sites in their primary transcripts, resulting in unexpected siRNA products with shifted sequences. Based on these results, the following conditions should be satisfied to ensure a functional shRNA with reduced off-target effects: the presence of A/U residues at nucleo tide positions 1 and -1 from the 5' end of the guide strand, three to six A/Us in nucleotide positions 2-7, G/C at positions 19 and 18, and no GC stretch of more than nine nucleotides. In addition, the T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> values of the seed regions in both strands should be low.
PACAP and VIP receptors in rat liver membranes (1991)

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP) tested as PACAP-(1-38)NH2 and PACAP-(1-27)NH2 and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) were compared for their capacity to discriminate between high- and low-affinity VIP-preferring receptors that coexist in rat liver plasma membranes. This capacity was evaluated by the ability to 1) inhibit 125I-labeled-PACAP-(1-27)NH2, 125I-labeled-VIP, and 125I-labeled-helodermin binding and 2) to activate adenylate cyclase. PACAP-(1-27)NH2 bound specifically and reversibly to three classes of binding sites, as revealed by analysis of binding curves. On high-affinity VIP receptors (tested specifically by [125I]-helodermin binding), PACAP-(1-38)NH2 showed lower affinity than PACAP-(1-27)NH2 and VIP itself. On low-affinity VIP receptors, PACAP-(1-27)NH2 and -(1-38)NH2 showed similar modest affinity that was slightly higher however than that of VIP. For a third specific class of PACAP receptors (20% of PACAP receptors not recognized by VIP), PACAP-(1-38)NH2 showed higher affinity than PACAP-(1-27)NH2. Both PACAPs stimulated rat liver adenylate cyclase with the same low efficacy as VIP but with an affinity even greater [half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) 0.02 nM] than that of VIP (EC50 0.05 nM).
Extraction and Refining of High Purity Terbium Metal From Rare Earth Resources (1990)

Terbium metal finds applications in the phosphor industry such as in fluorescent lighting and television tubes, and in the electronic industry for the production of magneto-optical recording media for computer storage discs, and in the production of specialty alloys. There are no direct high grade ores of terbium, rather it occurs as a very minor constituent in ores of the rare-earth minerals. For example, terbium oxide constitutes only 0.01% of California's bastnaesite. 0.05-0.16% of Florida' s monazite. and in the order of 1.00% in the Malaysian xenotime. Currently, the chief rare-earth bearing minerals of commercial importance are bastnaesite (California), monazite (Florida, Australia. India and China) and xenotime( Malaysia). Extraction of high purity terbium metal involves several major steps. These are (1) Recovery of rare earth minerals from ores into (REO)concentrates (2)Leaching of rare earth metals (REM) into leach solutions. This step is often preceded by a roasting step and a mild leaching to remove associated carbonates (3)Separation or concentration of the rare earth metals into groups or individual metal solutions by either solvent extraction and/ or ion-exchange. Terbium is precipitated out from the solvent extraction solution as oxalate or carbonate compounds, which are converted to terbium oxide upon heating in air (4)Production and refining of terbium from terbium oxide. These involve conversion of terbium oxide to terbium fluoride, followed by a metallothermic reduction step to the terbium metal, using calcium metal reductant. 3N (99.9%) and 4N (99.99%) purity terbium metal can be obtained by vacuum remelting and sublimation (distillation) of the crude metal, respectively. In this article, modern practices for extraction and refining of high purity terbium metal is reviewed and reported.
Oxide solubility and Raman spectra of NdF3–LiF–KF–MgF2–Nd2O3 melts (2002)

The solubility of Nd2O3 in NdF3–LiF–MgF2 melts is about 0.08–0.38 mol% when the NdF3 concentration varies from 15 to 30 mol% at 900 °C. The solubility increases from 0.13 mol% at 750 °C to 0.22 mol% at 900 °C in the NdF3–LiF eutectic. When MgF2 is added to NdF3–LiF binary melts saturated with Nd2O3, the Nd2O3 solubility seems to decrease slightly at 30 mol% NdF3, while a slight increase was observed with 15 mol% NdF3 in the binary. When dissolving Nd2O3 in the NdF3–LiF eutectic Raman spectroscopy showed that the complex ions NdOF(x − 1)−x and Nd2OF(x − 1)−x + 3 may form in the melt. The most reasonable candidates seem to be: NdOF43− and NdOF54− among the mononuclear compounds and Nd2OF106−, Nd2OF84− among the binuclear complexes.
Protein-fluoroacid interaction. Bovines serum albuminperfluoro-octanoic acid (1954)

H. B. Klevens and E. Ellenbogen, Discuss. Faraday Soc., 1954, 18, 277 DOI: 10.1039/DF9541800277
Escherichia coli 987P pilus: purification and partial characterization (1981)

The Escherichia coli somatic pilus, 987P, has been purified after removal by homogenization from a 987P+ enterotoxigenic E. coli. Cell-free pili were precipitated by the addition of MgCl2, collected, and dissolved in MgCl2-free buffer. Five cycles of precipitation and dissolving resulted in a preparation of 987P that was judged to be homogeneous based on electron microscopy and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the electron microscope, 987P was rod shaped, having a diameter of 7 nm and an apparent axial hole. Cells and membrane vesicles were not observed in the purified pilus preparation. Electrophoresis of 987P through sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels resulted in a single band when the sample was denatured in the absence of mercaptoethanol and in two bands when the sample was denatured in the presence of mercaptoethanol. The calculated molecular weight of 987 was variable, depending upon the polyacrylamide concentration and whether mercaptoethanol was included in the denaturing solution. Chemically, 987P is composed primarily of protein but also contains an unidentified amino sugar. The amino terminal amino acid of 987P is alanine and its isoelectric point is pH 3.7. 987P possesses no detectable hemagglutinating activity.
The synthesis and ionisation constants of some fluorenamines (1967)

3-Fluorenamine and certain of its homologues may be conveniently obtained from the corresponding tetrahydrofluorenones by the Semmler–Wolff aromatisation. The ionisation constants of the fluorenamines have been determined and are discussed in terms of possible steric effects.
Nomadic Virtual Reality (2016)

Technical progress and miniaturization enables virtual reality (VR) head-mounted displays (HMDs) now to be solely operated using a smartphone as a display, processing unit and sensor unit. These mobile VR HMDs (e.g. Samsung GearVR) allow for a whole new interaction scenario, where users can bring their HMD with them wherever they want and immerse themselves anytime at any place (nomadic VR). However, most of the early research on interaction with VR HMDs focused around stationary setups. My research revolves around enabling new forms of interaction for these nomadic VR scenarios. In my research I choose a user-centered design approach where I build research prototypes to solve potential problems of nomadic VR and evaluate those prototypes in user studies. I am going to present three prototypes revolving around current challenges of nomadic VR (input and feedback).
Wavefield extrapolation using the wavelet transform (1994)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1994Wavefield extrapolation using the wavelet transformAuthors: Frank J. DessingC. P. A. WapenaarFrank J. DessingDelft University of Technology, The Netherlands and C. P. A. WapenaarDelft University of Technology, The Netherlandshttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822781 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822781FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byMultiscale solution of a wave equation using stable finite differencesRoman Kazinnik and Vladimir Bashkardin21 October 2010Wavelet‐transform‐based prestack multiscale Kirchhoff migrationZhou Yu, George A. McMechan, Phil D. Anno, and John F. Ferguson14 December 2004 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 69, No. 6Multiscale edge detection by means of multiscale migrationF. J. Dessing, E. V. Hoekstra, F. J. Herrmann, and C. P. A. Wapenaar10 February 2005 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1994ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1994 Pages: 1679 publication data© 1994 Copyright © 1994 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Frank J. Dessing and C. P. A. Wapenaar, (1994), "Wavefield extrapolation using the wavelet transform," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1355-1358. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822781 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Novel antimonene tunneling field-effect transistors using an abrupt transition from semiconductor to metal in monolayer and multilayer antimonene heterostructures (2018)

Recently, a mono-elemental two-dimensional (2-D) material, namely antimonene, with a large band gap, decent mobility and ambient stability has been extensively researched. Interestingly, although antimonene is a semiconductor with a sizable band gap in the monolayer, it is transformed to a metal in the multilayer. Inspired by this thickness dependent semiconductor to metal transition, we propose novel antimonene tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs) based on the lateral monolayer (semiconducting)/multilayer (metallic)/monolayer (semiconducting) heterostructure. Our antimonene TFETs consist of a semiconducting monolayer source, channel and a drain and a small metallic multilayer region between the source and the channel. The local multilayer region introduces gapless metallic states which dramatically enhance the tunneling probability and hence result in a large current. To investigate the effect of a metallic multilayer on device performances, we carried out ab-initio electronic structure and quantum transport calculations for several antimonene TFETs based on different monolayer/multilayer/monolayer heterostructures. Simulation shows that even ∼1 nm scale nanostructured multilayer significantly boosts the current and enables abrupt device switching. More extensive evaluation is performed through benchmarking with phosphorene TFETs which have been identified as the best 2-D material based TFETs so far. In terms of the main figures of merit for FETs such as the intrinsic delay time and the power delay product, antimonene heterostructure TFETs outperform phosphorene TFETs, primarily due to the elimination of the tunneling barrier by the locally constructed multilayer antimonene.
Cryopreservation of human adult hepatocytes for use in drug metabolism and toxicity studies (1993)

1. Human hepatocytes were cryopreserved for up to 14 days at -80 degrees C and the cryoprotection offered by different media investigated in terms of post-thaw cell viability and function. 2. Optimal cryoprotection was offered by a solution containing dimethylsulphoxide, propylene glycol, acetamide and polyethylene glycol 8000 in Leibowitz L15 medium. 3. The cytochrome P450 content and activities of the microsomal P450 dependent mixed function oxidase system were well maintained at above 70% of fresh cell values throughout the cryopreservation period. However, the activities of the cytosolic enzymes studied, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase, were not well maintained; they declined to < 40% of fresh cell values after storage of cells for 14 days at -80 degrees C. The membrane environment may protect microsomal enzymes from denaturation by freeze-thaw damage. 4. After cryopreservation, viability of human hepatocytes was higher than that of rat hepatocytes preserved under identical conditions. For human cells maximum post-cryopreservation viability was 67% after 24 h at -80 degrees C; this declined to 49% after 14 days storage at -80 degrees C. In addition post-cryopreservation human hepatocytes remained > 70% viable when incubated at 37 degrees C in suspension compared with only 46% of rat hepatocytes. This indicates that human hepatocytes can withstand freeze-thaw damage better than those from rat. 5. The results of this study define optimal conditions for cryopreserving human hepatocytes. Although microsomal enzyme activities are retained post-cryopreservation, the decrease in viability of thawed cells upon incubation at 37 degrees C suggests that caution should be exercized when using cryopreserved cells to study integrated drug metabolizing pathways in man in vitro.