gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular, biochemical and cellular biology of PTH anabolic action. (2005)

PTH is a single chain polypeptide with 84 amino acids. The N-terminal region, 1-34, is a biologically active fragment. PTH has both anabolic and catabolic actions on bone. Bauer et al. demonstrated that PTH extract increased trabecular bone in some animals and Selye et al. provided histology evidence that parathyroid extract, when administered in very small doses to rat pups, stimulated osteoblasts and increased bone apposition. The first clinical trial conducted with PTH was performed in 21 patients with osteoporosis treated with human PTH (1-34) [hPTH (1-34)]. In this study, the [hPTH (1-34)] was given as once-daily subcutaneous injections with an increase of 70% above mean baseline values of trabecular bone. Intermittent treatment with PTH increases osteoblast number and bone formation. The skeletal effects of PTH depend upon the pattern of systemic exposure. Once-daily administration of PTH stimulates new bone formation on trabecular and cortical bone surfaces by preferential stimulation of osteoblastic activity over osteoclastic activity. By increasing new bone formation, PTH improves bone mass and bone strength, and thereby reduces the risk of fracture. PTH (1-34) is currently being safely and effectively used in osteoporosis, and together with novel PTH derivates agent provides more tools for the clinicians in their armamentarium for the fight against osteoporosis.
Activation of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling by a Gemini Vitamin D3 Analogue Is Mediated by Ras/Protein Kinase Cα (2007)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily, and they play an important role for embryonic development, for bone and cartilage formation, and during carcinogenesis. We have previously shown that the novel Gemini vitamin D(3) analogue, Ro-438-3582 [Ro3582; 1 alpha,25-dihydroxy-20S,21(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-23-yne-26,27-hexafluorocholecalciferol], inhibited cell proliferation and activated the BMP/Smad signaling pathway in MCF10AT1 breast epithelial cells. In this report, we investigated the upstream signaling pathways responsible for the activation of BMP/Smad signaling by Ro3582. Among seven different serine/threonine kinase inhibitors that we tested, protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors blocked the effects of Ro3582 on the phosphorylation of Smad1/5, mRNA synthesis for BMP-2 and BMP-6, and cell growth in MCF10AT1 cells. Overexpression of PKC alpha, but not PKC epsilon, PKC delta or PKC zeta isoforms, increased Ro3582-induced phosphorylation of Smad1/5, suggesting that PKC alpha mediates the activation of Smad signaling and inhibition of cell proliferation. Interestingly, the activation of Smad signaling by Ro3582 was shown in Ha-ras-transfected MCF10AT1 cells, but not in the parent cell line (MCF10A without Ras). Inhibiting Ras activity blocked the translocation of PKC alpha to the plasma membrane and the phosphorylation of Smad1/5 induced by Ro3582, indicating that Ras is necessary for the activation of PKC alpha and Smad signaling. In conclusion, Ro3582 inhibits cell proliferation and activates BMP/Smad signaling via a Ras and PKC alpha pathway in breast epithelial cells.
Meta-analysis of recombinant versus urinary-derived FSH: an update (2003)

There is no evidence of clinical superiority in clinical pregnancy rate for rFSH over different urinary-derived FSH gonadotrophins. Additional factors should be considered when choosing a gonadotrophin regimen, including the cost, patient acceptability, safety and drug availability.
VisIt: An End-User Tool for Visualizing and Analyzing Very (2012)

Tech-X Corporation, Swiss National Supercomputing Center, Texas Advanced Computing Center16.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358 16.2 Focal Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35916.2.1 Enable Data Understanding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 16.2.2 Support for Large Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 16.2.3 Provide a Robust and Usable Product for End Users . . 360. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.3.1 Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 16.3.2 Parallelism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 16.3.3 User Interface Concepts and Extensibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 16.3.4 The Size and Breadth of VisIt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36416.4 Successes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 16.4.1 Scalability Successes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 16.4.2 A Repository for Large Data Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 16.4.3 Supercomputing Research Performed with VisIt . . . . . . . . 366 16.4.4 User Successes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36616.5 Future Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368 16.6 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369VisIt is a popular open source tool for visualizing and analyzing data. It owes its success to its foci of increasing data understanding, large data support, and providing a robust and usable product, as well as its underlying design that ﬁts today’s supercomputing landscape. This chapter, which draws heavily from a publication at the SciDAC Conference in 2011 by Childs et al. [2], describes the VisIt project and its accomplishments.
In Vitro Propagation of Miscanthus sinensis (1990)

Immature inflorescences of Miscanthus sinensis Andress. `Gracillimus', `Variegatus', and `Zebrinus' were cultured on modified MS medium with 9.0 μ m 2,4-D, 20 g sucrose/liter, 2.0 g Gelrite/liter, and 0.75 g MgCl 2 /liter. Organogenesis was observed 8 to 12 weeks after callus initiation. Shoots were rooted on half-strength MS medium without growth regulators. After rooting, tillers were initiated. When transferred to soil, plants matured to flowering quickly and retained their variegation patterns. Propagation through in vitro tillering is suggested. Chemical name used: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D).
A genetically engineered single-gene-encoded anti-TAG72 chimeric antibody secreted from myeloma cells (1995)

SP2/0Ag14 murine myeloma cells transfected with the expression vector mpSV2neo-EP-FV-CH2-3-PA containing the single gene FV-CH2-3 secreted a single-gene-encoded chimeric antibody molecule FV/M4. This single-chain protein consisted of the heavy- and light-chain variable (VH and VL) domains covalently joined through a flexible linker peptide, while the carboxyl end of VL domain was connected to the amino terminus of hinge region of the ccM4 heavy-chain. Our data showed that the FV/M4 retained both its immunoreactivity for tumor-associated TAG72 antigen and its cytolytic activity to tumor cells as did the parental ccM4 antibody. Therefore, this single-gene-construct approach circumvents inefficiencies inherent in delivering two genes into a mammalian cell for assembly of a functional chimeric antibody and provides an alternative for construction of chimeric antibodies. It is particularly attractive for ex vivo transfection of cells from patients for certain gene-therapy modalities not only for cancer but also for a range of diseases in which immunotherapeutic approaches are used.
Derivatives of Piperazine. XXI. Synthesis of Piperazine and C-Substituted Piperazines (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDerivatives of Piperazine. XXI. Synthesis of Piperazine and C-Substituted PiperazinesLeland J. Kitchen and C. B. PollardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 4, 854–855Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1947https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01196a034Request reuse permissionsArticle Views485Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (287 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design and use of guided mode resonance filters for refractive index sensing (2015)

This Ph.D. thesis is concerned with the design and use of guided mode resonance filters (GMRF) for applications in refractive index sensing. GMRFs are optical nanostructures capable of efficiently and resonantly reflecting a narrow wavelength interval of incident broad band light. They combine a diffractive element with a waveguiding element, and it is the coupling between diffracted light and quasi guided modes that gives rise to the resonant response. The linewidth of the resonance can be tuned by the material and geometrical configuration of the device. The resonance wavelength is highly sensitive to changes in refractive index that occur within the region overlapped by the quasi guided mode, and GMRFs are thus well suited for optical sensing and tunable filter applications. They produce a polarization dependent response and can be optically characterized in both reflection and transmission. The structures investigated in this thesis were fabricated in a process based on nanoreplication, in which the surface of a polymer was patterned with a structured master, cured with ultra-violet light and coated with a high refractive index material. The masters were defined using electron beam lithography, a lift-off process, and reactive ion etching. After an introduction to the history and principles of GMRFs, the thesis describes the state-of-the-art of relevant research in the field, covers the necessary theoretical background required to understand their operation, and discusses the fabrication and characterization methods used. The thesis furthermore includes three journal articles. The first concerns an iterative computational model for the analytical prediction of the wavelengths at which resonances will occur, which is beneficial for e.g. device sensitivity optimization. The second paper discusses an all-polymer GMRF, which exhibits narrow resonance linewidths and a low detection limit, made by rapid and inexpensive fabrication methods. The third paper presents a novel method for measuring the refractive index dispersion of liquids using an array of GMRFs of different periods.
Stachybotrins A and B: novel bioactive metabolites from a brackish water isolate of the fungus Stachybotrys sp (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStachybotrins A and B: novel bioactive metabolites from a brackish water isolate of the fungus Stachybotrys spXuemin Xu, Florecita S. De Guzman, James B. Gloer, and Carol A. ShearerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 25, 6700–6703Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00051a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00051a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views333Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
RADAR PARAMETER GENERATION TO IDENTIFY THE TARGET (2011)

Due to the popularity of radar, receivers often “hear” a great number of other transmitters inaddition to their own return merely in noise. The dealing with the problem of identifying and/orseparating a sum of tens of such pulse trains from a number of different sources are often received onthe one communication channel. It is then of interest to identify which pulses are from which source,based on the assumption that the different sources have different characteristics. This search deals with agraphical user interface (GUI) to generate the radar pulse in order to use the required radar signal in anyspecified location.
A Branch Search Algorithm for the Knapsack Problem (1970)

This paper presents an algorithm for the solution of the knapsack problem. The method involves searching the nodes of a tree along a single branch at a time. The algorithm eliminates the computational drawbacks inherent in the usual branch and bound schemes.
Analysis of the Energetics of Gas-Phase Immunophilin-Ligand Complexes by Ion Spray Mass Spectrometry (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalysis of the Energetics of Gas-Phase Immunophilin-Ligand Complexes by Ion Spray Mass SpectrometryYu-Tsyr Li, Yin-Liang Hsieh, Jack D. Henion, Timothy D. Ocain, Guy A. Schiehser, and Bruce GanemCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 17, 7487–7493Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00096a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00096a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views107Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Recovery of sensorimotor function after distal middle cerebral artery photothrombotic occlusion in rats. (1994)

The present study suggests that a battery of tests is necessary to fully characterize the pattern of behavioral deficits after focal cerebral ischemia. Location of infarct damage and associated degree of hemispheric atrophy were important variables in determining behavioral outcome. The present results are compared with those of the more traditional model of electrocoagulation of the proximal middle cerebral artery.
Femtosecond soliton propagation in fibers with slowly decreasing dispersion (1991)

We obtain the adiabatic compression of femtosecond solitons in fibers with slowly decreasing dispersion (FSDD’s) and discover the effect of soliton pulse-width stabilization in FSDD’s. A theoretical model for the description of femtosecond-pulse propagation in FSDD’s is presented. The model takes into account higher-order nonlinear and dispersive effects in fibers. We present numerical simulations of a generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation and the adiabatic soliton approximation theory as well. Good quantitative agreement between the theory and the experiments is seen. The effect of soliton pulse-width stabilization in FSDD’s is described as a result of the combined action of the third-order dispersion and Raman self-scattering effects. We also show the possibility of obtaining high-quality pulses with less than a 15-fs pulse width in the 1.6-μm spectral region by soliton compression in FSDD’s.
A corrected structure for pyrrolosine (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA corrected structure for pyrrolosineBrian A. Otter, Shirish A. Patil, Robert S. Klein, and Steven E. EalickCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 2, 668–671Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00028a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00028a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views141Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Transdermal delivery of levonorgestrel (1991)

This review of the research and development of transdermal delivery systems for levonorgestrel and combinations of levonorgestrel and estrogens also contains explanatory material on skin structure and absorption of drugs by diffusion and partition, permeability and use of enhancers to facilitate absorption, use of pro-drugs and derivatives, and cutaneous side effects. Drug absorption entails diffusion through the lipophilic stratum corneum and the hydrophilic epidermis, and between the two layers. Diffusion of levonorgestrel is driven by the saturated solution in the medium, such as ethanol, but the rate was insufficient. The target delivery rate for levonorgestrel used alone as a contraceptive is 35 mcg/day for transdermal use, which would require a delivery rate of 0.3 mcg/sq.cm. Ethyl acetate was found to be the best "penetration enhancer," speeding absorption 17-fold in rat skin. Levonorgestrel in ethyl acetate diffused through human cadaver skin at a rate requiring a patch of 7.5 sq. cm. Use of pro-drugs and derivatives is based on the theory that even though the derivative may diffuse more slowly because of its larger size, it is more soluble in both lipophilic and hydrophilic media. The best pro-drug was levonorgestrel-glycidol, with a 32-fold increase in penetration. Pro-drugs have the drawback of requiring complete FDA approval. They are hydrolyzed in skin to the native steroid, however. The type of transdermal delivery system needed for levonorgestrel is a membrane-based patch with a reservoir. Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer systems have been tested or rabbits and in Phase I clinical trials. The micro-reservoir systems has been marketed for estradiol in a 3.5-day patch. A similar system has been developed experimentally using levonorgestrel and estradiol combined. Most transdermal systems cause mild skin irritation in a high proportion of users, but the likelihood of contact allergy or urticaria with levonorgestrel is minimal. Development of a transderm system with levonorgestrel and ethyl acetate, which is generally recognized as safe (GRAS), would be feasible as soon as the stability of levonorgestrel in ethyl acetate is defined.
Gene dosage and stochastic effects determine the severity and direction of uniparental ribosomal RNA gene silencing (nucleolar dominance) in <i>Arabidopsis</i> allopolyploids (1998)

Nucleolar dominance is an epigenetic phenomenon in which one parental set of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes is silenced in an interspecific hybrid. In natural Arabidopsis suecica, an allotetraploid (amphidiploid) hybrid of Arabidopsis thaliana and Cardaminopsis arenosa, the A. thaliana rRNA genes are repressed. Interestingly, A. thaliana rRNA gene silencing is variable in synthetic Arabidopsis suecica F1 hybrids. Two generations are needed for A. thaliana rRNA genes to be silenced in all lines, revealing a species-biased direction but stochastic onset to nucleolar dominance. Backcrossing synthetic A. suecica to tetraploid A. thaliana yielded progeny with active A. thaliana rRNA genes and, in some cases, silenced C. arenosa rRNA genes, showing that the direction of dominance can be switched. The hypothesis that naturally dominant rRNA genes have a superior binding affinity for a limiting transcription factor is inconsistent with dominance switching. Inactivation of a species-specific transcription factor is argued against by showing that A. thaliana and C. arenosa rRNA genes can be expressed transiently in the other species. Transfected A. thaliana genes are also active in A. suecica protoplasts in which chromosomal A. thaliana genes are repressed. Collectively, these data suggest that nucleolar dominance is a chromosomal phenomenon that results in coordinate or cooperative silencing of rRNA genes.
Finite-Element Method for the Determination of Thermal Stresses in Anisotropic Solids of Revolution (1974)

This paper discusses stresses and deflections in anisotropic solid structures of revolution. It presents two methods based on finite-element techniques: one, a solid-of-revolution method in which material properties, applied forces, and temperatures are independent of angle, and two, a long-cylinder method in which these properties are independent of the longitudinal coordinate. These methods are postulated on uniform stress fields within the element, rather than on the usual functional displacement description within the element. A Fortran program has been written for both these methods, and ample test problems are presented to validate the methods. An application is presented for thermal stresses induced during the post-growth cooling stage of Czochralski-grown lithium tantalate crystals.