gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Science of measurements in wound healing (1999)

Wounds that are slow to heal are poorly understood. Clinicians and researchers have attempted to predict treatment outcomes from simple physical measurements without, as yet, understanding the pathogenesis or the role of complications on chronic wounds. Laboratory studies on tissues from biopsies and wound fluids are essential. These must be associated with carefully conducted physiological measurements before, the significance of measurements in wound healing is established.
Development of Thermally Conductive Polymer Materials and their Investigation (2012)

In the recent years a remarkable development can be observed in the electronics. New products of electronic industry generate more and more heat. To dissipate this heat, thermally conductive polymers offer new possibilities. The goal of this work was to develop a novel polymer based material, which has a good thermal conduction. The main purpose during the development was that this material can be processed easily with injection molding. To eliminate the weaknesses of the traditional conductive composites low-melting-point alloy was applied as filler. Furthermore in this work the effect of the filler content on thermal conductivity, on structure and on mechanical properties was investigated.
Treatment of Tuberculosis (2015)

Tuberculosis is often a difficult infection to treat. This review article summarizes the many manifestations of the disease and the major treatment options in the various contexts in which the disease occurs.
Double coated optical fibers undergoing temperature variations: The influence of the mechanical behavior on the added transmission losses (1994)

Abstract A model to predict the temperature‐induced added loss in dual‐coated optical fibers is presented. Longitudinal and lateral temperature‐induced forces, originating from fiber irregularities and from the mismatch among the expansion coefficients of the glass fiber and of the coatings, are consistently included in the model. Both the bendings of the glass fiber and of the coating are considered. Transmission losses are explicity computed according to Petermann's theory on the microbending of single‐mode fibers.
The Szilard–Chalmers effect in macrocyclic ligands to increase the specific activity of reactor-produced radiolanthanides: Experiments and explanations (2012)

Abstract Successful utilization of medical isotopes in the radiolabeling reactions to a significant degree depends on the technically achievable specific activity. In this respect, the Szilard-Chalmers effect is considered in detail as a radiochemical tool to increase the specific activity of radionuclides produced by direct nuclear reactions. In the present study, a physico-chemical model is described utilizing the specific aspects of thermodynamically and kinetically stabilised metal-ligand complexes. The approach is applied as a proofof- principle study to increase the specific activity of 166 Ho, produced via the (n, γ) nuclear reaction. As a target material, 165 Ho-DOTA is used. In this case, 166 Ho, the product nucleus of the neutron capture reaction, is obtained chemically as non-complexed cationic 166 Ho III species in situ. Consequently, it can effectively and quantitatively be separated from the inactive 165 Ho-DOTA target material by means of fast and simple chromatographic, column-based methods. We were able to verify the physico-chemical model by the experimentally obtained data. For the first time we quantitatively describe the interaction of the ligand-framework of the target material (e.g. the Ho-DOTA complex) with the radiation field of the nuclear reactor. The analysis of the experimental data allows to assume that radionuclides with half-lives of T 1/2 < 64 h can be produced at a TRIGA II nuclear reactor via the Szilard-Chalmers effect with specific activities higher than in the case of direct irradiation of common target materials such as oxides.
Synthesis and oxidation of aminoalkyl-onium compounds by pig kidney diamine oxidase (1971)

1. The preparation of a series of compounds derived from diamines by replacing one amino group by a dimethylsulphonium, isothiuronium, trimethylammonium, NN'-dimethylimidazolium or N-methylpyridinium species is described. 2. The behaviour of these compounds as substrates of pig kidney diamine oxidase is reported. All but the trimethylammonium compounds proved to be substrates. 3. Many of these compounds showed potent inhibition at high substrate concentration and this was studied. 4. On the basis of these and other observations a scheme for enzyme-substrate interaction is suggested.
Concept Assignment as a Debugging Technique for Code Generators (2006)

Code generators are notoriously difficult to debug, yet their correctness is crucial. This paper demonstrates that concept assignment can be performed in an entirely syntax-directed manner for code generators and other highly structured program modules. Anomalies in this concept assignment indicate the possible existence of bugs. These insights enable the formulation of a new debugging technique for code generators. This paper describes the procedure, a practical implementation, and results from the application of this debugging technique to an experimental code generator.
Toward a New Consumer Protection (1979)

Consumer protection is everywhere in retreat.Congress has rejected the Food and Drug Administration's proposed ban on saccharin,' and several courts and state legislatures have attempted to block the FDA's attack on Laetrile. 2 The Consumer Product Safety Commission's recent ruling that swimming pool slides must carry danger warnings 3 has elicited widespread ridicule, brought a reversal in the federal courts, 4 and contributed to rumors that the Commission itself will be abolished.Congress has rescinded the
Towards an Enterprise Location Service (2006)

Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology has a lot of potential to automate business processes and improve visibility across the supply chain. To realize the full potential of RFID, an IT infrastructure is required that manages readers, filters and aggregates raw RFID data, but also facilitates data exchange among the supply chain partners. In this paper we first provide an overview of the EPC network, an architecture developed by the Auto-ID center and its successor organisation EPCglobal, that addresses the above requirements. We then propose the concept of an enterprise location service that captures all location information about products and assets within the enterprise to enable what we call business process debugging.
Bio)Crystallography at the turn of the Millennium (2001)

This review is focused on the present status of X-ray crystallography and its impact on chemistry and the life sciences. The discovery of the DNA double-helix structure from a fibre X-ray diagram in 1953 marked the last century, whereas the human genome project (to be completed in the year 2003, the 50-th anniversary of Crick's and Watson's discovery) and the proteomics will open the new millennium. The crystal structure determinations of very complex biological assemblies such as viruses and ribosomes illustrate the power of contemporary X-ray structure analysis. The historical background is given, which touches on some of the important steps from the early days of the discovery of X-rays. The advanced and new methods and technologies of the modern era, such as third-generation synchrotrons, sensitive area detectors, up-to date computer technologies with computer graphics, cryo-techniques, micro-crystallization methods, and genetic engineering, all contributing to the development of X-ray crystallography, are evaluated in separate paragraphs. Some examples that illustrate the power of the methods are selected from the contemporary research in the field. Systematics of known crystal structures of small molecules and macromolecules and their assemblies collected over the years has developed our perception of the nature of the chemical bond, and the interactions between atoms and molecules, which determine the chemical, physical, and biological properties. This fundamental knowledge enables structure and property predictions, useful in many branches of science and technology. A method, starting with the structure of table salt, has developed into a very fine tool for looking into complex living systems. Time-resolved crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy are capable of recording biological events and they inform us about the dynamics of enzymes and living cell activities. In combination with bioinformatics, very fast events, recorded experimentally or proposed theoretically, can be interpreted by the methods of molecular dynamics simulations. The vivid interplay of ideas coming from different scientific fields and technologies has led to capital discoveries, which have opened roads to new disciplines, such as molecular genetics and molecular medicine. These two branches, in particular, enriched by findings on DNA and protein structures, can provide efficient therapies for many diseases, health prevention, and reduce ageing problems. Our views on the nature of the chemical bond have been revised and our horizons will be extended and clearer in the years to come. Applying an ethical approach in science, humanity will learn how to improve the quality of life all over the world.
[Effect of NAD and ADP on glycolysis in the kidneys and liver of rats during ischemia]. (1984)

Experiments on albino rats have shown that kidney ischemia and its simulation by the anaerobic incubation of postmitochondrial kidney homogenate fraction without a substrate induce a considerable damage of the glycolytic system at the stage of the glucoso-6-phosphate transformation into fructoso-1.6-diphosphate and a less pronounced damage in the fructoso-1.6-diphosphate transformation into lactate. Administration of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) to rats before kidney vessel occlusion or their addition to the postmitochondrial fraction before the anaerobic incubation without a substrate decreased a degree of the glycolytic system damage. The damage of the glycolytic system and protective action of NAD are also detected under simulation of liver ischemia. Possible mechanisms of the ischemic damage in the glycolytic liver and kidney tissue system are discussed.
Escherichia coli sepsis from contaminated platelet transfusion (1986)

• Transfusion of pooled platelet concentrate (PC) caused a septic reaction characterized by sustained hypotension, high cardiac output, and low systemic vascular resistance. Investigation demonstrated the same strain of<i>Escherichia coli</i>in the patient's blood, the transfused pooled PC, and recalled packed red blood cells separated from the same unit of whole blood as one of the platelet units in the contaminated pool. Five hundred other units of PC from the same supplier were cultured prospectively, and 7% were bacterially contaminated. The level of contamination was 20 or fewer colony-forming units per milliliter in all except one unit, the only one associated with a febrile transfusion reaction. This episode illustrates the continuing importance of sepsis as a cause of platelet transfusion reactions and demonstrates the usefulness of appropriate cultures and epidemiologic information in assessing the source. (<i>Arch Intern Med</i>1986;146:321-324)
Evaporation Rate of Drop Arrays within a Digital Microsystem (2012)

One essential advantage of digital lab-on-chips (LOC) is based on massive parallelization of biochemical functions achieved from moving drops by surfaces acoustic waves or electrowetting (EW). This paper aims at characterizing the evaporation rate of a population of drops in EW-based microsystems due to their relevant applications. Up to now, and despite its importance for end-users, the evaporation rate of one target drop selected among a population of drops has never been measured. This is essentially due to the difficulty of developing imaging of a time-dependent drop size under evaporation in confined microsystems. Interferometry, jointly used with EW in the oscillating regime [1], is proposed as a new (non-imaging) evaporation rate measurement method fully compatible with EW-based LOCs and easy to be integrated into closed or open geometries. In this paper, we investigate the impact on drop evaporation of different arrangements of drops and different degrees of confinement.
Efficient Id-Based Threshold Signature in P2P and MANETs (2008)

Threshold cryptography distributes the ability to provide a cryptographic service such as decryption or signing. It is an ideal choice to provide security services, such as authentication and access control, in MANETs or P2P systems. The paper proposes an ID- based threshold signature scheme, which has three attractive properties: (1) The user's co-signing key and signature share are all verifiable, which make the scheme robust. (2) The signature share ps <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> is constant and has small size; it does not lengthen with the increase of the group members. (3) The process of generating signature share pS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> is non-interactive, so it does not require a synchronous communications network. So the scheme can be efficiently used in providing security services in MANETs.
Developmental Neurogenetics and Neuro-Ophthalmology (2002)

The field of developmental neurogenetics has burgeoned over the past decade. Through the combined efforts of developmental biologists, geneticists, and clinicians, genetic defects resulting in neuro-ophthalmic disorders such as holoprosencephaly, microphthalmia, dominant optic atrophy, and optic nerve colobomas have been identified and characterized at the molecular level. Experimental studies in model organisms are continuing to identify novel genes critical for ocular and central nervous system development. Mutations in some of these genes have revealed a spectrum of pathology similar to that observed in septo-optic dysplasia, Möebius syndrome, and Duane retraction syndrome. This review examines our current knowledge of the molecular genetics of neuro-ophthalmic disease and focuses on several candidate genes for afferent and efferent visual system disorders.
Hospital and Societal Costs of Antimicrobial‐Resistant Infections in a Chicago Teaching Hospital: Implications for Antibiotic Stewardship (2009)

The attributable medical and societal costs of ARI are considerable. Data from this analysis could form the basis for a more comprehensive evaluation of the cost of resistance and the potential economic benefits of prevention programs.
Immobilization of Oligonucleotides with Homo-oligomer Tails onto Amine-Functionalized Solid Substrates and the Effects on Hybridization (2010)

Microarrays have become important tools for the detection and analysis of nucleic acid sequences. Photochemical (254 nm UV) DNA immobilization onto amine-functionalized substrates is often used in microarray fabrication and Southern blots, although details of this process and their effects on DNA functionality are not well understood. By using Cy5-labeled model oligonucleotides for UV immobilization and Cy3-labeled complementary sequences for hybridization, we measured independently the number of immobilized and hybridized oligonucleotides on the microarray surface. By using a two-color fluorescence LED setup and a novel method to compile the data, a full analysis has been made of the effects of oligonucleotide composition (length and sequence) on both immobilization and hybridization. Short homo-oligomer sequences (tails) of uracils, thymines, and, to a limited extent, guanines attached to a hybridization sequence improve immobilization. We propose a possible mechanism explaining the grafting of these nucleotides to amine-functionalized substrates, and we found evidence that the DNA backbone is possibly involved in the immobilization process. Hybridization, on the other hand, greatly improves as a function of tail length regardless of tail composition. On the basis of statistical arguments, the probes increasingly bind via their tail, with the hybridization sequence becoming more accessible to its complement. We conclude that all tails, sequence independent, improve hybridization signals, which is caused by either improved immobilization (especially thymine and uracil) or improved hybridization (most pronounced with guanine tails).
Organic Microelectronics:  Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of 6,12-Dimethylindolo[3,2-<i>b</i>]Carbazoles (2004)

6,12-Dimethylindolo[3,2-b]carbazoles were prepared by Cadogan ring closure using N-alkyl-2-substituted carbazole precursor. X-ray analyses on 5,11-dioctyl-6,12-dimethylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole have demonstrated a coplanar molecular structure with an interesting π-stacking of the molecules. Organic field-effect transistor using the same molecule as an active layer has revealed promising features.
Delivery of Antiplaque Agents from Dentifrices, Gels, and Mouthwashes (1992)

Antiplaque agents delivered from toothpastes, gels, or mouthrinses can augment mechanical oral hygiene procedures to control the formation of supragingival plaque and the development of early periodontal disease. Clinically effective antiplaque agents are characterized by a combination of intrinsic antibacterial activity and good oral retention properties. The overall oral retention of an antiplaque agent is determined by the strength and rate of association of the agent with its receptor sites and the accessibility of these sites. The substantivity of an antiplaque agent and its clearance from the oral cavity are determined by the rate of dissociation of the agent from the receptor sites and the salivary composition and flow rate. Positively charged and non-charged organic molecules, metal ions, enzymes, and surface-active agents have all been considered as antiplaque agents. To exert clinical antiplaque activity, an antimicrobial agent must be formulated in a chemically compatible delivery vehicle to give optimal release and uptake to the sites of action in a biologically active form during its time of application. In principle, antiplaque activity may be enhanced by combining antimicrobial agents with broadly similar, but complementary, modes of action. Alternatively, the activity of a single agent may be increased by use of a retention aid to enhance oral substantivity. Substantial evidence exists to demonstrate the validity of the first approach. However, there are few data, as yet, to support the effectiveness of the second. The oral mucosa is the bulk retention site for all clinically proven antiplaque agents. Plaque, the pellicle-coated tooth surface, and saliva are probably all sites of biological action. A detailed understanding of the interactions between agents and the various receptor sites, and of the importance of these receptor sites to biological activity, is generally lacking.
Magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy assessment of brain function in experimental animals and man (1999)

This paper introduces the basic principles and techniques of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and spectroscopy (MRS). Examples are given of single event human fMRI studies on control subjects, and a graded activation protocol applied to Parkinsonian patients. Possibilities are discussed for using fMRI techniques to study the neural substrate of various pharmacological agents, including drugs of abuse. The application of these pharmacological MRI (phMRI) studies to animal models and the associated technical issues are also addressed. The use of MRS in studying brain status and function is reviewed, with particular emphasis on 13C isotopic labelling studies.
Access to heterogeneous directory services (2002)

A description is given of the directory access service (DAS), which automates the process of searching multiple directories. DAS is directory service user interface that integrates the various directories into a single, uniform directory service. In response to a user query, DAS forwards queries to multiple directories. The responses are collected and formatted by DAS into a standard format for presentation to the user. The design of DAS is flexible and extensible, allowing convenient integration of new directories into DAS as they become available.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Detection of Treponema pallidum by a sensitive reverse transcriptase PCR (1997)

Syphilis is diagnosed by serologic testing or by identification of the causative agent, Treponema pallidum. The bacterium has historically been detected in clinical specimens by dark-field microscopy, immunostaining with polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies, or the rabbit inoculation test (RIT). RIT is considered to be very sensitive and specific, although it is available only in research settings and is not clinically useful due to the length of time required to obtain a result. In recent years, several PCR methods have been developed for the detection of T. pallidum, but none of these has shown a clear advantage in sensitivity over RIT. We have developed a specific and highly sensitive reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) that targets a 366 bp region of the 16S rRNA of T. pallidum. This RT-PCR can detect a single organism by Southern analysis when whole organisms are diluted and 10(-2) to 10(-3) T. pallidum organisms when RNA equivalents are used to make cDNA. The test was demonstrated to detect 10(-2) T. pallidum RNA equivalents in cerebrospinal fluid. Twenty different strains of T. pallidum, isolated from cerebrospinal fluids, aqueous humor, blood, and chancres, were shown to be detectable by this test. This efficient and sensitive technique could be more useful than existing methods for detecting very low numbers of organisms in clinical samples.
THE HSV-2 LA-1 ONCOPROTEIN IS A MEMBER OF A NOVEL FAMILY OF SERINE THREONINE RECEPTOR KINASES (1995)

The large subunit of the herpes simplex virus type 2 ribonucleotide reductase (RR) (ICP10) is a chimera consisting of a serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) protein kinase (PK) domain preceded by a transmembrane (TM) segment at the amino terminus (LA-I oncoprotein) and the RR domain at the carboxy terminus. Human cells transformed by the LA-I oncogene constitutively express the oncoprotein on the cell surface and internalize it by the endocytic pathway as determined by immunogold staining and electron microscopy. The TM segment of the oncoprotein is required for cell surface localization, consistent with the interpretation that the oncoprotein is a growth factor receptor. Amino acid sequence alignment and comparative computer-assisted phylogenetic analyses of the LA-1 oncoprotein indicate that it is a member of the superfamily of growth factor receptor Ser/Thr kinases. However, many structural differences, including the presence of two SH3-binding motifs located within the PK catalytic domain suggest that the LA-I oncoprotein is a member of a novel subfamily.
FORCED DRAUGHT POSSIBILITIES IN BREWING COPPERS (1924)

means of the soda ash and lime treatment. A valuable section deals with the choice and operation of softening plant, and we are glad to note particular stress is laid on the necessity of installing a plant of sufficient capacity so as to allow the precipitated sludge ample time to settle. Much trouble has been caused by the failure to realise the importance of this point.
Effect of ArginMax on sexual functioning and quality of life among female cancer survivors: results of the WFU CCOP Research Base Protocol 97106 (2015)

ArginMax had no significant impact on sexual functioning, but patient quality of life was significantly better at 12 weeks in participants who received ArginMax.
No infrastructure, no economic development : transport corridors (2011)

To dream is wonderful. To watch is entertaining. To do is the real thing. Without the doers, we would have nothing. Fortunately, NEPAD is a doer.