gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antibodies specific for <i>N</i><sup>6</sup>‐methyladenosine react with intact snRNPs U2 and U4/U6 (1987)

Antibodies specific for N6-methyladenosine (m6A) were elicited in rabbits and used to study the accessibility in intact snRNPs of the m6A residues present in the snRNAs U2, U4 and U6. The antibody quantitatively precipitates snRNPs U2 and U4/U6 from total nucleoplasmic snRNPs U1-U6 isolated from HeLa cells, which demonstrates that the m6A residues of the respective snRNAs are not protected by snRNP proteins in the snRNP particles. While the anti-m6A IgG does not react at all with U5 RNPs lacking m6A, a significant amount of U1 RNPs was co-precipitated despite the fact that U1 RNA does not contain m6A either. Since anti-m6A IgG does not react with purified U1 RNPs and co-precipitation of U1 RNPs is dependent on the presence of U2 RNPs but not of U4/U6 RNPs, these data indicate an interaction between snRNPs U1 and U2 in vitro. The anti-m6A precipitation pattern described above was also observed with snRNPs isolation from mouse Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, indicating similar three-dimensional arrangements of snRNAs in homologous snRNP particles from different organisms.
Multi-channel digital sonobuoy receiver (2002)

The design and development of an all-digital sonobuoy receiver capable of receiving multiple RF channels, processing the signals, and distributing the information for acoustic signal processing in a suitable format are discussed. The multichannel digital sonobuoy receiver consists of an analog RF/IF conversion stage, analog-to-digital (A/D) converter, polyphase filter section, frequency demodulators, and digital audio filters, plus the overall receiver controller. The dynamic range of a digital receiver is limited primarily by the speed, resolution, and linearity of the A/D converter. The architecture and design of the receiver are flexible enough to be useful in other applications where a large number of channels have to be monitored simultaneously, such as surveillance receivers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Antihypertensive Effects of Fasidotril, a Dual Inhibitor of Neprilysin and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme, in Rats and Humans (2000)

The aim of this study was to assess the antihypertensive activity of fasidotril, a dual inhibitor of neprilysin (NEP) and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE), in various models of hypertension in rats (spontaneously hypertensive rats [SHR]; renovascular Goldblatt 2-kidney, 1-clip rats; and deoxycorticosterone acetate [DOCA]-salt hypertensive rats) and in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. Fasidotril treatment (100 mg/kg PO twice daily for 3 weeks) resulted in a progressive and sustained decrease in systolic blood pressure (-20 to -30 mm Hg) in SHR and Goldblatt rats compared with vehicle-treated rats and prevented the progressive rise in blood pressure in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. After a 4-week placebo run-in period, 57 patients with essential hypertension were included in a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study and received orally either fasidotril (100 mg twice daily) or placebo for 6 weeks. Blood pressure was measured during the 6 hours after the first intake and then at trough (12 hours after the last intake) on days 7, 28, and 42. The first dose of fasidotril had no significant effect on blood pressure. After 42 days, compared with placebo, fasidotril lowered supine systolic and diastolic blood pressures by 7.4/5.4 mm Hg and standing blood pressure by 7.6/6.8 mm Hg. Fasidotril, a dual NEP/ACE inhibitor, was an effective oral antihypertensive agent during chronic treatment in high-renin renovascular rats, normal-renin SHR, and low-renin DOCA-salt hypertensive rats and in patients with essential hypertension.
Expression of Hedgehog Proteins in the Human Thymus (2003)

The Hedgehog (Hh) family of secreted proteins includes intercellular signaling molecules that specify cell fate and patterning during the development of many tissues. In this study we show that the different components of the Hh signaling pathway are expressed in human thymus. The three mammalian Hh proteins, Sonic (Shh), Indian (Ihh), and Desert (Dhh) hedgehog, are produced by thymic epithelial cells. Shh-expressing epithelial cells are restricted to the thymic subcapsula and medulla, whereas Ihh- and Dhh-producing epithelial cells are distributed throughout the thymus. The requisite Hh receptors, Patched 1(Ptc1) and Smoothened (Smo), and the Gli transcription factors are expressed by thymocytes and also by epithelial cells. Ptc1 is expressed in most thymocyte subsets, whereas Smo expression is mainly associated with immature thymocytes. The isoform of the Ptc receptor, Ptc2, is expressed only by intrathymic progenitor cells and epithelial cells. Other Hh-binding proteins with modulating functions, such as Hedgehog-interacting protein (Hip) and growth arrest-specific gene-1 (Gas-1), are also expressed in human thymus. Our study shows that the intrathymic expression pattern of the Hh signaling pathway components is complex and suggests that Hh proteins may regulate human thymocyte differentiation from the earliest developmental stages, as well as thymic epithelial cell function.
澳大利亚两院院士Y.W. Mai教授做客“应用化学系列讲座” (2010)

5月13日，著名材料学和力学家，澳大利亚科学院和工程院院士、悉尼大学Y.W. Mai教授应邀做客中科院长春应用化学研究所应用化学系列讲座，做了题为 On fracture and fatigue of polymer nanocomposites: is there any nano and/or hybrid effect？的学术报告。Y.W. Mai教授在报告中简要介绍了悉尼大学的概况，重点介绍了纳米复合材料的研究和应用现状及其研究团队近年来在聚合物纳米复合材料的断裂和疲劳机理方面的研究工作，并与科研人员就报告内容进行了交流。Y.W. Mai教授，1969年在香港大学获学士学位，并获一级荣誉称号和Williamson Prizeman奖，1972年获博士学位，1999年获香港大学颁发的荣誉科学博士学位（DSc)，1999年获澳大利亚悉尼大学颁发的荣誉工程学博士学位(DEng)，1988年至今担任澳大利亚悉尼大学先进材料与技术中心（CAMT）主任。Y.W. Mai教授是澳大利亚科学院和工程院的两院院士，同时还是英国伦敦皇家学院和香港工程科学院院士。近年来主要从事聚合物共混物和纳米复合材料方面的研究。
Determination of Procyanidins Content in the Extracts from Grape Seeds (2011)

[Objective] The research aimed to discuss the determination method of procyanidins content in the extracts from grape seeds.[Method] Based on the principle that procyanidins was changed into anthocyanin with the strong acid,the content of procyanidins in the extracts from grape seeds was determined by using spectrophotometric method.The choices of standard samples,sample concentration and the reaction time were discussed.The determination method of procyanidins by hydrochloric acid-butanol method was confirmed.[Result] With procyanidins as standard substance,the results were stable and credible under the conditions of sample concentration range of 85~100 μg/ml,detection wavelength of 550 nm,reaction time of 65 min,reaction temperature of 100 ℃.RSD was 0.32%~0.79% and the addition recovery ratio was 97.6-98.8%,and the linear determination range was 0~200 μg/ml.[Conclusion] The content determination of procyanidins in grape seeds by hydrochloric acid-butanol method had higher precision and accuracy.
An Evaluation of an Integrative Care Approach for End-Stage Renal Disease Patients (2000)

Studies analyzing the outcome of integrative care of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, whereby patients are transferred from one renal replacement modality to another according to individual needs, are scant. In this study, we analyzed 417 files of 223 hemodialysis (HD) and 194 peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients starting renal replacement therapy between 1979 and 1996, to evaluate the effect of such an approach. Analysis was done for survival of patients on their first modality, for intention-to-treat survival (counting total time on renal replacement therapy, but with exclusion of time on transplantation), and for total survival. Log rank analysis was used and correction for risk factors was performed by Cox proportional hazards regression. Intention-to-treat survival and total survival were not different between PD and HD patients (log rank, P > 0.05). Technique success was higher in HD patients compared to PD patients (log rank, P = 0.01), with a success rate after 3 yr of 61 and 48%, respectively. Thirty-five patients were transferred from HD to PD and 32 from PD to HD. Transfer of PD patients to HD was accompanied by an increase in survival compared to those remaining on PD (log rank, P = 0.001), whereas, in contrast, transfer of patients from HD to PD was not (log rank, P = 0.17). Survival of patients remaining more than 48 mo on their initial modality was lower for PD patients (log rank, P < 0.01). A matched-pair analysis between patients who started on PD and who were transferred to HD later (by definition called integrative care patients), and patients who started and remained on HD, showed a survival advantage for the integrative care patients. These results indicate that patient outcome is not jeopardized by starting patients on PD, at least if patients are transferred in a timely manner to HD when PD-related problems arise.
MACRA and Medicare’s Elusive Quest for Fairness and Value with Physician Payment Policy: Speeding Up the Transition to “Big Med” (2018)

This article traces the evolution of Medicare physician payment policy from the program’s beginning to the passage of the 2015 Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act (MACRA). Based on interviews, primary data sources, and an extensive review of the secondary literature, the authors provide an analysis of: (1) some of the most significant events, trends and factors that led to the Act’s passage, (2) MACRA’s basic design and the primary options it gives to physicians, and (3) the major concerns many physician representatives and health policy experts have about MACRA. As the majority of physicians will likely feel the need to join big medical groups in response to MACRA’s set of penalties and incentives, the authors conclude that MACRA essentially amounts to a massive gamble on the ability of large health care organizations and pay-for-performance schemes to improve the quality of patient care and restrain the overall rate of Medicare cost growth. MACRA’s contribution to the trend of increased vertical integration—physicians’ alignment with and employment in big health care systems that provide an entire continuum of care—raises concerns noted by many experts over: increased health care prices and total costs, excessive use of medical services, patients’ access to physicians, overall physician autonomy and morale, and decreased competition with the potential for monopolistic or oligopolistic exploitation of market share by larger and larger health care systems.
Solution-processed stacked TiO2 and Al2O3 dielectric layers for high mobility thin film transistor (2018)

In this paper, a TiO2/Al2O3/TiO2/Al2O3/TiO2 (TATAT) stacked structure was developed as a gate dielectric for amorphous ZnSnO (ZTO) thin-film transistor (TFT) applications. The TATAT insulator has a relative permittivity and leakage current density of 11 and 4.44 × 10-7 A/cm2 at 1 MV/cm, respectively. As compared with the AlTiO (ATO) compound dielectric, the ZTO TFT device with a TATAT stacked dielectric exhibited a lower threshold voltage of 0.56 V, a higher Ion/Ioff current ratio of 1.2x 10-8, a larger field-effect mobility of 86.6 cm2/Vs, and a smaller subthreshold swing of 0.2 V/decade. Furthermore, the positive shift of threshold voltage is less than 0.15 V under positive bias stress. The results suggest that stack TATAT films is a promising gate dielectric for solution-processed TFT devices with high mobility and stability.
Robust Processing of Nonstationary Signals (2010)

Techniques for processing signals corrupted by non-Gaussian noise are referred to as the robust techniques. They
Stereocontrolled and Efficient Total Synthesis of (−)-Stephanotic Acid Methyl Ester and (−)-Celogentin C (2010)

A highly stereocontrolled and efficient total synthesis of (-)-stephanotic acid methyl ester and (-)-celogentin C was accomplished in longest linear 14 steps (4.6% overall yield) and in 20 steps (1.6% overall yield) from l-tryptophan, respectively. Highlights of the synthesis include a tandem asymmetric Michael addition/bromination/azidation strategy for a ready access to the leucine-tryptophan moiety (Leu-Trp linkage) and an oxidative coupling reaction to form the indole-imidazole linkage.
Characterization and<i>In Vivo</i>Biological Performance of Biosilicate (2013)

After an introduction showing the growing interest in glasses and glass-ceramics as biomaterials used for bone healing, we describe a new biomaterial named Biosilicate. Biosilicate is the designation of a group of fully crystallized glass-ceramics of the Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂-P₂O₅ system. Several in vitro tests have shown that Biosilicate is a very active biomaterial and that the HCA layer is formed in less than 24 hours of exposure to "simulated body fluid" (SBF) solution. Also, in vitro studies with osteoblastic cells have shown that Biosilicate disks supported significantly larger areas of calcified matrix compared to 45S5 Bioglass, indicating that this bioactive glass-ceramic may promote enhancement of in vitro bone-like tissue formation in osteogenic cell cultures. Finally, due to its special characteristics, Biosilicate has also been successfully tested in several in vivo studies. These studies revealed that the material is biocompatible, presents excellent bioactive properties, and is effective to stimulate the deposition of newly formed bone in animal models. All these data highlight the huge potential of Biosilicate to be used in bone regeneration applications.
Firewalls (2004)

Abstract The Internet is the no‐man's‐land of global networking. Most users and organizations have no control over who is able to access the Internet or what actions they are able to take once they get there. At the same time, however, the Internet is a wonderful method to connect to anyone in the world relatively easily. As a result, it is usually essential for individuals and organizations that are connected to the Internet to protect their private or internal networks from unwanted effects of outsiders and potentially dangerous network traffic. Firewalls are a primary technology employed to protect private networks from the public nonsecure domain of the Internet. Firewalls vary widely in both makeup and purpose. This chapter outlines advantages and disadvantages of various firewalls, basic firewall functionality, the different types of firewalls, how those firewalls can be arranged in diverse enterprise architectures, and categories of firewall technology.
Plant use of the Maasai of Sekenani Valley, Maasai Mara, Kenya (2006)

Traditional plant use is of tremendous importance in many societies, including most rural African communities. This knowledge is however, rapidly dwindling due to changes towards a more Western lifestyle, and the influence of modern tourism.In case of the Sekenani Maasai, the recent change from a nomadic to a more sedentary lifestyle has not, thus far lead to a dramatic loss of traditional plant knowledge, when compared to other Maasai communities. However, in Sekenani, plants are used much less frequently for manufacturing tools, and for veterinary purposes, than in more remote areas. While the knowledge is still present, overgrazing and over-exploitation of plant resources have already led to a decline of the plant material available.This paper examines the plant use of the Maasai in the Sekenani Valley, North of the Masaai Mara National Reserve. The Maasai pastoralists of Kenya and Tanzania use a large part of the plants in their environment for many uses in daily life. The plant use and knowledge of the Sekenani Maasai is of particular interest, as their clan, the "Il-Purko", was moved from Central Kenya to this region by the British Colonial Administration in 1904.The results of this study indicate that despite their relocation 100 years ago, the local population has an extensive knowledge of the plants in their surroundings, and they ascribe uses to a large percentage of the plants found. One-hundred-fifty-five plant species were collected, identified and their Maa names and traditional uses recorded. Although fifty-one species were reported as of "no use", only eighteen of these had no Maasai name. Thirty-three were recognized by a distinctive Maa name. Thirty-nine species had a medicinal use, and 30 species served as fodder for livestock. Six species could not be identified. Of these plants five were addressed by the Maasai with distinct names. This exemplifies the Sekenani Maasai's in-depth knowledge of the plant resources.Traditionally, the Maasai attribute most illnesses to the effect of pollutants that block or inhibit digestion. These pollutants can include "polluted" food, contact with sick people and witchcraft. In most cases the treatment of illness involves herbal purgatives to cleanse the patient. There are also frequent indications of plant use for common problems like wounds, parasites, body aches and burns.
c-Cbl ubiquitinates the EGF receptor at the plasma membrane and remains receptor associated throughout the endocytic route (2001)

Cbl family members have an evolutionarily conserved role in attenuating receptor tyrosine kinase function. Their negative regulatory capacity depends on a Ring finger domain that interacts with ubiquitin conjugating enzymes. Cbl molecules constitute a novel type of E3 or ubiquitin ligase family that is recruited to phosphotyrosine motifs. Ubiquitination of the receptor system is coupled to its downregulation, but it is unclear at which point in the endocytic pathway Cbl molecules come into play. Using low temperature and a dynamin mutant, we find that c-Cbl associates with and ubiquitinates the activated epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor at the plasma membrane in the absence of endocytosis. With the aid of confocal microscopy and immunogold electron microscopy, we could demonstrate that c-Cbl associates with the EGF receptor at the plasma membrane prior to receptor recruitment into clathrin-coated pits and remains associated throughout the clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway. c-Cbl and the EGF receptor also colocalize in internal vesicles of multivesicular endosomes. Our data are consistent with a role for c-Cbl in clathrin-mediated endocytosis of tyrosine kinase receptors, as well as their intracellular sorting.
System design of <i>active basestations</i> based on dynamically reconfigurable hardware (2000)

Providing multiple modes to support dynamically changing environments, standards, and new services is prevalent in embedded systems, especially in mobile radio systems. Because such a system frequently contains time-constrained tasks, it is important to analyze the temporal requirements as well as the functional correctness. This paper presents a method to analyze temporal requirements imposed on an embedded real-time system supporting multiple modes. While most performance analysis methods focus only on testing the feasibility of a task or a system, our method goes further by addressing the problem of locating hot spots of a system thereby helping the designer to choose among alternative designs or architectures. We formally define the analysis problem and show that it is very unlikely to be solved efficiently. We present a heuristic algorithm, which is accurate and fast enough to be used in iterative processes in system-level analysis and design. The analysis problem is extended to accommodate probabilistic behavior exhibited by soft real-time tasks.
Delight: An Efficient Descriptor for Global Localisation Using LiDAR Intensities (2018)

Place recognition is a key element of mobile robotics. It can assist with the “wake-up” and “kidnapped robot” problems, where the robot position needs to be estimated without prior information. Among the different sensors that can be used for the task (e.g., camera, GPS, LiDAR), LiDAR has the advantage of operating in the dark and in GPS-denied areas. We propose a new method that uses solely the LiDAR data and that can be performed without robot motion. In contrast to other methods, our system leverages intensity information (as opposed to only range information) which is encoded into a novel descriptor of LiDAR intensities as a group of histograms, named DELIGHT. The descriptor encodes the distributed histograms of intensity of the surroundings which are compared using chi-squared tests. Our pipeline is a two-stage solution consisting of an intensity-based prior estimation and a geometry-based verification. For a map of 220k square meters, the method achieves localisation in around 3s with a success rate of 97%, illustrating the applicability of the method in real environments.
Process Characteristics for Subatmospheric Chemical Vapor Deposited Borophosphosilicate Glass and Effect of Carrier Gas (1997)

Borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG) has been widely used as a premetal dielectric to achieve excellent gap fill and planarization due to its reflow capability. In this paper, we present some characterizations of subatmospheric chemically vapor deposited BPSG, aiming at developing a mechanistic understanding of this process. By comparing the effect of controlling variables on the film properties of BPSG and undoped silicon oxide, we conclude that this deposition process is controlled by the gas‐phase diffusion of the reaction intermediates on the Si substrate. Therefore, chamber pressure and susceptor spacing are the two major process variables other than the reactant flows. The helium carrier gas process shows better film properties in terms of high deposition rate, smooth film, and good reflow capability.
The effect of the boron doping level on the thermal behavior of end-of-range defects in silicon (1997)

The effect of the doping level on the formation and growth of end-of-range (EOR) defects is studied. Transmission electron microscopy observations have been performed on boron doped Si wafers (from 1015 to 1020 atom3) preamorphized with germanium and subjected to rapid thermal annealing. When increasing the doping level up to a few 1018 atom3, a delay in the coarsening process encountered by the loops is observed while above this threshold the EOR defects quickly disappear. These results are interpreted by considering three possibly concomitant phenomena: the formation of boron/Si-interstitial clusters, the gettering of boron at the loop periphery, and a change from the intrinsic to the extrinsic regime for self-diffusion. Moreover, an estimate of the effective trapping efficiency of boron is reached and gives about 1±0.3 Si interstitial per boron atom, a value consistent with the one obtained from studies of B transient enhanced diffusion.
Inhibition of immunoglobulin E response to Japanese cedar pollen allergen (Cry j 1) in mice by DNA immunization: different outcomes dependent on the plasmid DNA inoculation method (2000)

To develop a new immunotherapy for Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica; CJ) pollinosis, we evaluated the use of DNA immunization by inoculating mice with plasmid DNA encoding Cry j 1 as a CJ pollen major allergen (pCACJ1). Repeated intramuscular (i.m.) inoculation of BALB/c mice with pCACJ1 produced anti-Cry j 1 antibody responses, which were predominately of the immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) type. Furthermore, this inoculation suppressed immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IgG1 antibody responses to subsequent alum-precipitated Cry j 1 injections. Splenic T cells isolated from mice inoculated with pCACJ1 i.m. secreted interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), but not interleukin (IL)-4, in vitro upon stimulation with Cry j 1 as well as with p277-288, a peptide corresponding to the T-cell epitope of Cry j 1. In contrast, inoculation of BALB/c mice with pCACJ1 by gene gun injection caused response predominantly of the IgG1 type, and enhanced production of anti-Cry j 1 IgE antibodies to subsequent alum-precipitated Cry j 1 injections. Splenic T cells isolated from pCACJ1-innoculated mice by gene gun injection secreted both IFN-gamma and IL-4 in vitro, upon stimulation with Cry j 1 as well as with p277-288. These findings suggest that i.m. inoculation with pCACJ1 effectively elicits Cry j 1-specific T helper 1 (Th1)-type immune responses, resulting in inhibition of the IgE response to Cry j 1.