gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reservoir geochemistry: methods, applications and opportunities (1995)

Abstract Petroleum reservoirs often contain compositionally heterogeneous petroleum, water and sometimes gas columns which can be interpreted in geologically useful ways. Kilometre-scale lateral compositional heterogeneities in fluid columns suggest petroleum emplacement directions, directions of water flow in biodegraded oilfields and the presence of major barriers to fluid flow within reservoirs. Vertical fluid column heterogeneities on a 10 m scale suggest that reservoirs are vertically compartmentalized. These data can be used as a tool in reservoir description and are thus relevant to many aspects of reservoir appraisal and development. The data supplement those generated by reservoir geologists and engineers, and can be obtained immediately after drilling, at reasonable cost. Much recent work has focused on polar nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) containing compounds such as quinolines, carbazoles and phenols. These compounds interact relatively strongly with water, rock minerals and each other, and may significantly influence the viscosity and pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) properties of petroleum, and also reservoir wettability. There are obvious links here between reservoir geochemistry and the more traditional disciplines of petroleum and reservoir engineering which we expect to be exploited in the coming years. In the absence of phase changes during migration, the composition of reservoired oil reflects the expelled oil plus changes induced by adsorption, especially of polar compounds, onto solid phases or by partitioning into porewaters along secondary migration pathways. The extent of change, as measured by the relative abundances of selected compounds in reservoired oil and associated water, is potentially a direct measure of migration volume and thus of the relative amounts of water, oil and rock on a migration pathway. We present a simplified, equilibrium model which may allow one to assess migration volumes, and use n -hexane/benzene ratios of some North Sea oils to suggest that these oils have contacted fewer than one hundred volumes of water on their migration pathways. Future work should aim to quantify the interactions of migrating and reservoired petroleum with rock and water, and should yield a more quantitative assessment of both migration volumes and the controls of reservoir wettability.
Lack of the ventral anterior homeodomain transcription factor VAX1 leads to induction of a second pituitary (2011)

The pituitary gland is an endocrine organ that is developmentally derived from a fold in the oral ectoderm and a juxtaposed fold in the neural ectoderm. Here, we show that the absence of Vax1, a homeodomain transcription factor known for its role in eye and optic chiasm development, causes the rostral oral ectoderm to form an ectopic fold that eventually develops into a separate second pituitary with all the pituitary cell types and neuronal fibers characteristic of the normal pituitary. The induction of the second pituitary is associated with a localized ectopic expression of Fgf10, a gene encoding a growth factor known to recruit oral ectodermal cells into the pituitary. Interestingly, there are rare cases of pituitary duplications in humans that are also associated with optic nerve dysplasia, suggesting that VAX1 might be involved in the pathogenesis of this disorder.
A Systematic Approach to Monitoring and Management of Annulus Pressures (2018)

Abstract Annuli pressure if not controlled and managed may result in uncontrolled release of high-pressure hydrocarbon fluids from reservoir to the surface. This may cause loss of life, damage to environment, and tarnish the reputation of the company. In this paper, two potential pathways for reservoir fluid to reach the surface through annuli have been examined, and recommendations were provided to diagnose and manage annulus pressures within safe operating limits. Integrated well integrity assessment to diagnose the root-cause of annulus pressure involved using various tools to measure key parameters needed to make an accurate assessment of root-cause of annulus pressure. For example, thermal numerical models and lab tests were conducted to simulate thermal effects in the well and analyze annulus fluid samples, respectively. Furthermore, echometer was used to measure fluid-level in the annuli, whereas logging tools such as spectral noise, high-precision temperature etc. were used to identify source of any reservoir fluid ingress. Multiple diagnostic, surveillance and management workflows for outer and inner annuli have been developed. Experiences in implementing these workflows for hundreds of wells in the field have been described and lessons learned have been discussed. Special attention has been paid to the cases with confirmed or suspected lost barriers. Appropriate, cost-efficient levels of diagnostics have been selected and employed to ensure safe operations. Decision trees on how to manage wells with annulus pressures have been discussed, in particular related to planning and execution of pressure bleed-offs, annulus top-ups with heavier fluids, etc. Based on decision trees, cost-efficient levels of diagnostics have been selected and employed to ensure safe operations. This work provides insights on various tools to diagnose and cost-effectively manage the pressure in the annulus by combining the available tools and software. Company-specific annulus pressure management strategies have been developed and successfully employed to safely operate wells with annulus pressure.
First principles calculation of ELNES by LCAO methods (2002)

Our recent works to reproduce and interpret experimental electron energy‐loss near‐edge structures (ELNES) are reviewed. Wave functions are significantly localized at the final state of the excitation to make the ELNES. Inclusion of core‐hole effects is, therefore, mandatory to calculate ELNES. The molecular orbital approach using small clusters can reproduce the spectral features qualitatively well, since wave functions are forced to be localized by the cluster method. The linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO)‐based cluster method has the advantage of interpreting the origin of the spectral features in a simple manner, especially when combined with overlap population diagrams. Quantitative reproduction of ELNES at edges of normal sp‐elements can be made by LCAO‐based band‐structure calculations when sufficiently large supercells are chosen and the dipole matrix elements are computed. Contrary to these ‘normal’ edges, the L2,3 edge of the 3d‐transition metal elements cannot be reproduced in these ways, because the interactions between 2p‐hole and 3d electrons as well as the spin‐orbit coupling are not negligible. The need for relativistic many‐electrons calculations is, therefore, emphasized.
Near and Far (1994)

In this paper we distinguish between two measures of contact between children and their non-residential fathers: whether or not the children have seen their father in the previous year, and how many weeks the children stayed with their father. The distinction between the two is important because there are many aspects of a parent-child relationship, some of which may be met during shorter contacts, and others which may be nurtured during an extended visit at the father's house. Using data from the 1987-88 National Survey of Families and Households we find that having a legal agreement regarding joint custody is positively related to the number of weeks that a child stays with his/her father. Children are more likely to see their fathers if there is a legal child support agreement and the father pays child support, which indicates that paying child support and seeing the child are complementary activities. This pattern is reversed for the number of weeks the child stays with the father, which gives support to the hypothesis that non-residential fathers substitute one activity for another. This research highlights the need for careful consideration of different measurements of contact between non-residential parents and children in order to understand more fully the dynamics of families following divorce.
Integrating deformations between bodies and clothes (2001)

Abstract In this paper, we present a framework for both skin and cloth deformation. Traditionally, skin and cloth deformations are managed by a non‐unified strategy although the skin interacts on clothes and vice versa. In general, the skin is considered as a rigid surface on which the clothes have no effect. We propose in this paper a unified approach for cloth and body deformation. Our system is able to handle both skin and cloth deformation with collision response. These deformations are managed with a particle system. The skin deformation model is a hybrid model, where deformation due to the skeleton motion is controlled geometrically, and where the collision response is handled by a physical‐based model. In case of collision among skin and clothes, a reaction and friction forces are applied on both skin and cloth to avoid penetration. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Insights into the Complexities of Shell Growth and the Strong Influence of Particle Volume in Nonblinking “Giant” Core/Shell Nanocrystal Quantum Dots (2012)

The growth of ultra-thick inorganic CdS shells over CdSe nanocrystal quantum dot (NQD) cores gives rise to a distinct class of NQD called the "giant" NQD (g-NQD). g-NQDs are characterized by unique photophysical properties compared to their conventional core/shell NQD counterparts, including suppressed fluorescence intermittency (blinking), photobleaching, and nonradiative Auger recombination. Here, we report new insights into the numerous synthetic conditions that influence the complex process of thick-shell growth. We show the individual and collective effects of multiple reaction parameters (noncoordinating solvent and coordinating-ligand identities and concentrations, precursor/NQD ratios, precursor reaction times, etc.) on determining g-NQD shape and crystalline phase, and the relationship between these structural features and optical properties. We find that hexagonally faceted wurzite g-NQDs afford the highest ensemble quantum yields in emission and the most complete suppression of blinking. Significantly, we also reveal a clear correlation between g-NQD particle volume and blinking suppression, such that larger cores afford blinking-suppressed behavior at relatively thinner shells compared to smaller starting core sizes, which require application of thicker shells to realize the same level of blinking suppression. We show that there is a common, threshold g-NQD volume (~750 nm(3)) that is required to observe blinking suppression and that this particle volume corresponds to an NQD radiative lifetime of ~65 ns regardless of starting core size. Combining new understanding of key synthetic parameters with optimized core/shell particle volumes, we demonstrate effectively complete suppression of blinking even for long observation times of ~1 h.
Design of a smart grid for an isolated village supplied with renewable energies (2013)

In this paper an intelligent power distribution system for an isolated village supplied with renewable energies is proposed. The system different components are described. The control and management algorithms have been implemented in a PIC microcontroller. The measurement and control unit has been realized. Measurements and tests have been carried out at different points in the unit. Control and faults situations have also been simulated on the setup. Satisfying results in terms of consumer's energy/power measuring and display have been obtained. Command tests from a computer playing the role of the central management unit have also been performed. Limited capacity and fault situations have also been tested. The corresponding loads were instantaneously disconnected.
Comparison of method-related reference intervals for thyroid hormones: studies from a prospective reference population and a literature review (2017)

Introduction Reference intervals are dependent on the reference population, the analytical methods and the way the data are handled statistically. Individual method-related differences have been studied but the comparative differences in reference intervals have not. Methods We studied a reference population of healthy adult subjects and measured free thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone by the four most commonly used analytical platforms used in the UK. Subjects were excluded if they were > 65 years or had positive thyroid peroxidase antibodies. We also performed a systematic literature review of thyroid hormone reference interval studies in non-pregnant adults. Results In total, 303 subjects were recruited and 42 excluded. The central 95th centile values for thyroid-stimulating hormone (mIU/L) were Abbott Architect (0.51-3.67); Beckman Unicel DxI (0.57-3.60); Roche Cobas (0.60-4.31) and Siemens Advia Centaur XP (0.63-4.29). The 95th centile values for thyroxine (pmol/L) were Abbott Architect (10.6-15.5); Beckman Unicel DxI (7.9-13.0); Roche Cobas (12.5-19.6) and Siemens Advia Centaur XP (11.8-19.0). We identified 55 papers describing thyroid reference intervals in male and non-pregnant female adults. The values for upper and lower reference intervals by manufacturer varied but were not significantly different for thyroid-stimulating hormone but were for thyroxine. Discussion Our study demonstrates clearly that there are marked variations in the reference intervals for thyroid hormones between analytical platforms. There is an urgent need for standardization of thyroid hormone assays to permit transferability of results. Until then, guidelines will need to reflect this method-related difference.
Isolation and Culture of Mouse Primary Pancreatic Acinar Cells (2013)

This protocol permits rapid isolation (in less than 1 hr) of murine pancreatic acini, making it possible to maintain them in culture for more than one week. More than 20 x 10(6) acinar cells can be obtained from a single murine pancreas. This protocol offers the possibility to independently process as many as 10 pancreases in parallel. Because it preserves acinar architecture, this model is well suited for studying the physiology of the exocrine pancreas in vitro in contrast to cell lines established from pancreatic tumors, which display many genetic alterations resulting in partial or total loss of their acinar differentiation.
Activation of MDL-1 (CLEC5A) on immature myeloid cells triggers lethal shock in mice (2011)

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a potentially lethal condition, as it can progress to shock, multi-organ failure, and death. It can be triggered by infection, tissue damage, or hemorrhage. The role of tissue injury in the progression from SIRS to shock is incompletely understood. Here, we show that treatment of mice with concanavalin A (ConA) to induce liver injury triggered a G-CSF-dependent hepatic infiltration of CD11b+Gr-1+Ly6G+Ly6C+ immature myeloid cells that expressed the orphan receptor myeloid DAP12-associated lectin-1 (MDL-1; also known as CLEC5A). Activation of MDL-1 using dengue virus or an agonist MDL-1-specific antibody in the ConA-treated mice resulted in shock. The MDL-1+ cells were pathogenic, and in vivo depletion of MDL-1+ cells provided protection. Triggering MDL-1 on these cells induced production of NO and TNF-α, which were found to be elevated in the serum of treated mice and required for MDL-1-induced shock. Surprisingly, MDL-1-induced NO and TNF-α production required eNOS but not iNOS. Activation of DAP12, DAP10, Syk, PI3K, and Akt was critical for MDL-1-induced shock. In addition, Akt physically interacted with and activated eNOS. Therefore, triggering of MDL-1 on immature myeloid cells and production of NO and TNF-α may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of shock. Targeting the MDL-1/Syk/PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway represents a potential new therapeutic strategy to prevent the progression of SIRS to shock.
Stereo vision correspondence using a multichannel graph matching technique (2003)

A multichannel feature-based stereo vision technique is described wherein curve segments are used as the feature primitives in the matching process. Curve segments are extracted by tracking the zero-crossings of the left and right images. The generalized Hough transform of each curve and the length of the segment in the left image are used as a local feature vector to represent the distinctive characteristics of the segment. The feature vector of each segment is used as a constraint to find an instance of the same segment in the right image. The epipolar constraint on the centroids of the curve segment is used to limit the searching space in the right image. A relational graph is formed from the left image by treating the centroids as the nodes of the graph. The local features of the segments are used to represent the local properties of the nodes, and the relationship between the nodes represents the structural properties of the object in the scene. A similar graph is formed from the right image curve segments. A graph isomorphism is then formed between the two graphs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An experimental method correcting for absorption flattening and scattering in suspensions of absorbing particles: circular dichroism and absorption spectra of hemoglobin in situ in red blood cells (1976)

An experimental approach to interpretation of the anomalous absorption and circular dichroism (CD) spectra of hemoglobin in situ in red blood cells is reported. Absorption flattening effects have been overcome by use of high cell concentratons in very short light path cuvettes. Differential scattering contributions to circular dichroism have been resolved using a CD instrument capable of variable detection geometry. Scattering effects have also been resolved using media of high refractive index to match that of the red blood cell. The results are in agreement with a parellel calculational analysis of red blood cell CD spectra, which predicted the relative magnitudes of the flattening and differential scattering CD contributions. An experimental absorption spectrum has been obtained for hemoglobin in the red blood cell with scattering and flattening eliminated. This quantitatively simulates the spectrum of a hemoglobin solution. The methods described should be widely applicable to conformational studies of macromolecules in their native environment.
μ-Slide Chemotaxis: A new chamber for long-term chemotaxis studies (2011)

Compared to the Boyden chamber assay, this innovative system allows for the generation of a stable gradient for a much longer time period as well as for the tracking of cell locomotion along this gradient and over long distances. Finally, random migration can be distinguished from primed and directed migration along chemotactic gradients in the same experiment, a feature, which can be qualified via cell morphology imaging.
In Situ Redox Flexibility of Fe<sup>II</sup><sup>-</sup><sup>III</sup> Oxyhydroxycarbonate Green Rust and Fougerite (2006)

Bacterial activity is commonly thought to be directly responsible for denitrification in soils and groundwater. However, nitrate reduction in low organic sediments occurs abiotically by FeII ions within the fougerite mineral (IMA 2003-057), giving the bluish-green color of gleysols. Fougerite, the mineral counterpart of FeII-III oxyhydroxycarbonate, FeII6(1-x)FeIII6xO12H2(7-3x)CO3, provides a unique in situ redox flexibility, which can adapt x = {[FeIII]/[Fetotal]} between 1/3 and 2/3 as shown using Mössbauer spectroscopy. Chemical potential and Eh-pH diagrams for this system were determined from electrode potential monitored during deprotonation of hydroxycarbonate FeII4FeIII2(OH)12CO3 to assess the possibility of reducing pollutants in the field. Bioreduction of ferric oxyhydroxides in anoxic groundwater yields dissolved FeII, whereas HCO3- anions produced from organic matter are incorporated into fougerite layered double oxyhydroxide structure. Thus, fougerite is the solid-state redox mediator acting as electron shuttle that helps bacterial activity for reducing nitrate by coupling dissimilatory FeIII reduction and oxidation of FeII with reduction of NO3-. It is proposed that this system could be used in the remediation of soils and nitrified waters.
Age-Related Cataracts in α3Cx46-Knockout Mice Are Dependent on a Calpain 3 Isoform (2007)

The present study shows for the first time that calpain 3 is necessary for the formation of age-dependent nuclear cataracts in alpha3Cx46-/- mice. Evidence that the calpain 3 gene is directly involved in, or part of the pathway that leads to, gamma-crystallin cleavage is presented. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the loss of alpha3Cx46 leads to increased levels of Ca2+ ions, and this increase activates the CAPN3 isoform, Lp82/85, which results in the formation of a nuclear cataract.
Splinted Ligation Method to Detect Small RNAs (2013)

In any cell, the number of RNA species is remarkably complex. The sizes of RNAs can vary from 20 nucleotides to several kilobases, and abundances can vary from a few to hundreds of thousands of molecules per cell. It is of obvious interest to determine the abundance and integrity of specific RNA species within these complex mixtures. This protocol describes the splinted ligation method to detect small RNAs. It relies on the ability of T4 DNA ligase to covalently join the terminal 3'-hydroxyl group of an RNA molecule to the labeled 5'-phosphate group of a DNA chain in the presence of a DNA "splint" or "bridge" oligonucleotide that is complementary to both. After ligation, the labeled small RNA, lengthened by the covalent addition of the (32)P-labeled oligonucleotide probe, is visualized by denaturing gel electrophoresis and phosphorimaging. This approach is recommended for the routine detection and quantification of specific small RNAs (e.g., microRNAs [miRNAs] and piwi-associated RNAs [piRNAs]).
WebVoice: A Toolkit for Perceptual Insights into Speech Processing (2009)

Feature extraction and modeling techniques for speech processing are often complex. Understanding a new technique theoretically can be difficult for a novice, just as it is difficult for a practitioner to find the best parameter settings and/or combination of methods for a new task or data. In this paper, a novel approach and a corresponding software toolkit for facilitating both education and experimentation in speech processing is presented: listening to the results of feature extraction and modeling is made possible via resynthesis of intermediate pattern recognition results. The software is made publicly available as a Web service called WebVoice with accompanying user interfaces for ease of use.
Object-Oriented Type Inference (1991)

We present a new approach to inferring types in untyped object-oriented programs with inheritance, assignments, and late binding. It guarantees that all messages are understood, annotates the program with type information, allows polymorphic methods, and can be used as the basis of an optimizing compiler. Types are finite sets of classes and subtyping is set inclusion. Using a trace graph, our algorithm constructs a set of conditional type constraints and computes the least solution by least fixed-point derivation.
SPAM: a data forwarding model for multipoint-to-multipoint connection support in ATM networks (2002)

Many distributed multimedia applications involve data delivery from a source to multiple destinations, the participating nodes forming a multicast group. In the naive solution, separate connections can be established from each source to other group members. However a tree can be established for each source with the participants as the leaf nodes or just have one tree spanning all the participants. In this paper, we introduce the data forwarding model to support such shared multicast trees over the ATM networks called SPAM (a Simple Protocol for ATM Multicast). The authors work allow the wide area multicast protocols (like CBT and PIM) to be supported in ATM networks. Further, SPAM improves the error detection and allows for leaf initiated join of UNI 4.0.