gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Fully-Implicit Model for Electrically Enhanced Oil Recovery (1986)

Abstract A fully-implicit, three-dimensional reservoir simulator has been developed to model the electrically-enhanced oil recovery process (EEOR). The EEOR process is based orí the concept that by passing an electrical current through a conductive oil bearing formation, resistive heating of the oil will occur with corresponding reduction in oil viscosity. Over the past decade several attempts have been made to model this process with limited success because of simplifying assumptions in either the numerical formulation or the physics of the process. The formulation presented here rigorously models the physical phenomena important to the process with the additional feature of a fully-implicit treatment for added stability. Features of the model include the following: Rigorous treatment of formation resistivity as a function of temperature, water resistivity, and salinityAbility to simulate DC or multiphase AC electrical powerCapability of handling vaporization of connate water with resultant effects on resistance and power levelsCurvilinear, radial, or cartesian grid systemsCapability for horizontal electrodes and conductive fractures Solution of the multiphase alternating current case is accomplished by solving for both the real and imaginary portions of the complex electrical potential field. Through the use of the complex field it is necessary to solve only two equations for the electrical potential regardless of the number of phase differences in the power source. Since the model is based on the combustion formulation of Coats9, it includes many of the general features of that formulation. Examples include a validation of the simulator using both laboratory data available in the literature and an analytical model. Grid orientation effects for the EEOR process are shown to be somewhat less than those for a conventional waterflood of a viscous oil. The importance of detailed modeling of nearwell phenomena is demonstrated. A unique feature of the model is demonstrated with a simulation involving the vaporization of connate water. Application of the EEOR process to a forty acre five spot waterflood shows the rate acceleration effect that is available with the process. Hypothetical simulations of novel electrode configurations involving horizontal electrodes and conductive well fractures show the advantages of these completion/electrode schemes. Finally, a comparison of direct current and three phase alternating current indicates an advantage for three phase power in a nine-spot pattern.
NKp46 defines a subset of bovine leukocytes with natural killer cell characteristics (2004)

Natural killer (NK) cells have not previously been precisely identified or characterized in cattle or any other ruminant species. We have generated a monoclonal antibody against bovine NKp46, which is expressed exclusively by NK cells in man. NKp46+ cells comprised 1-10% of blood mononuclear cells in cattle, and did not stain with antibodies against CD3, CD4, TCR1, B cell or granulocyte markers. The majority of the NKp46+ cells expressed CD2, and a variable fraction also expressed CD8. The tissue distribution of NKp46+ cells in cattle was compatible with the tissue distribution of NK cells in other species. Bovine NKp46+ cells had typical, large granular lymphocyte morphology, and proliferated vigorously in response to bovine IL-2 for a limited number of cell divisions. IL-2-activated NKp46+ cells killed the bovine kidney cell line MDBK. This cytotoxicity was inhibited by preincubation with antibody against NKp46. In a redirected lysis assay, IL-2-activated NKp46+ cells killed the FcgammaR+ target cell line P815 after preincubation with antibody against NKp46. Together, these data indicate that bovine NKp46 is anactivating receptor and demonstrate the existence of a subset of leukocytes in cattle that, in terms of surface markers, morphology and function, represent NK cells.
Vehicle interconnection metric and clustering protocol for improved connectivity in vehicular ad hoc networks (2014)

Communication is the main driving force behind the emerging intelligent transportation systems, which are expected to make traveling safer, more ecological, and faster. The most challenging among all the different communication technologies that will be used are the direct vehicle-to-vehicle communications, because vehicles move with high speeds and in different directions. Apart from that, it is expected that vehicles should be able to organize themselves in an ad hoc network without any assistance from outside entities, such as road side units. To make the ad hoc network less dynamic and communications more reliable, vehicles with similar movement patterns can be grouped together in clusters. Clustering is a well-known method for organizing ad hoc networks and is used in mobile and wireless sensor networks, but with different constraints and goals, so new clustering solutions for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) have to be developed. In recent years, this has been a hot topic among researchers and many different clustering algorithms for VANET have been proposed. In this paper, we propose a new clustering metric for VANET, named vehicle interconnection metric, which is based on sending periodic beacons among vehicles and reflects the communication abilities between them. We also propose a new clustering algorithm whose primary goal is increased connectivity and lower number of disconnects. The working principle of this algorithm is also inverted compared to others and uses unneeded cluster head elimination instead of cluster head election. Mathematical analysis of memory usage and communication overhead are provided, predicting low-resource usage. Simulation results, obtained with the ns-3 network simulator and the SUMO vehicle movement simulator, have confirmed the analysis and expected performance in terms of cluster head duration, number of connectivity losses and role switches.
Core formation in accreting planetesimals (2011)

We have studied the influence of melting, melt migration and the associated redistribution of radioactive heat sources on the thermo-chemical evolution of planetesimals. Our work provides constraints on the timing and duration of the core formation and the internal structure for planetesimals that did not experience partial melting larger than ~50%, i.e., an internal magma ocean is absent.
Style-content separation by anisotropic part scales (2010)

We perform co-analysis of a set of man-made 3D objects to allow the creation of novel instances derived from the set. We analyze the objects at the part level and treat the anisotropic part scales as a shape style. The co-analysis then allows style transfer to synthesize new objects. The key to co-analysis is part correspondence, where a major challenge is the handling of large style variations and diverse geometric content in the shape set. We propose style-content separation as a means to address this challenge. Specifically, we define a correspondence-free style signature for style clustering. We show that confining analysis to within a style cluster facilitates tasks such as co-segmentation, content classification, and deformation-driven part correspondence. With part correspondence between each pair of shapes in the set, style transfer can be easily performed. We demonstrate our analysis and synthesis results on several sets of man-made objects with style and content variations.
Real-time flight altitude estimation using phase correlation with Gram polynomial decimation (2017)

The paper presents a passive technique for real-time altitude above ground level estimation for aerial vehicles using a monocular camera, a GPS receiver and an inertial measurement unit. The paper discusses a robust method for featureless registration of successive images through phase correlation using Gram polynomial decimation. Altitude is estimated by formulating the shift in pixels between the images in terms of distance travelled, calculated using corresponding GPS latitudes and longitudes. Resultant value is compensated for changes in pitch before being passed through Savitzky-Golay filter. The system can generate results every 300ms on a lowcost commercial digital signal processor with mean error of 2m and standard deviation of 13m. The proposed system is suitable for speeds up to 300m/s and altitudes up to 3000m.
Near Real-Time Retroflexion Detection in Colonoscopy (2012)

Colonoscopy is the most popular screening tool for colorectal cancer. Recent studies reported that retroflexion during colonoscopy helped to detect more polyps. Retroflexion is an endoscope maneuver that enables visualization of internal mucosa along the shaft of the endoscope, enabling visualization of the mucosa area that is difficult to see with typical forward viewing. This paper describes our new method that detects the retroflexion during colonoscopy. We propose region shape and location (RSL) features and edgeless edge cross-section profile (ECSP) features that encapsulate important properties of endoscope appearance and edge information during retroflexion. Our experimental results on 50 colonoscopy test videos show that a simple ensemble classifier using both ECSP and RSL features can effectively identify retroflexion in terms of analysis time and detection rate.
Ultrasonic Attenuation and Speed in phantoms made of PVCP and Evaluation of acoustic and thermal properties of ultrasonic phantoms made of polyvinyl chloride-plastisol (PVCP). (2013)

Biological phantoms are commonly used on biomedical ultrasound research, but they have some limitation. We have been studying the acoustic and thermal properties of polyvinyl chloride-plastisol (PVCP) that have longer time stability. We estimated thermal conductivity in steady-state methods and specific heat with Method of Mixture. PVCP blocks were made with different graphite and PVC powders concentrations. US speed and attenuation presented the expected behavior as a function of powder concentration, that is, they tend to have growing values. US speed values are between 1400 and 1470 m/s, while attenuation is in the range 0.14 -1.16 dB/cm. Specific heat values ranged from 1.16 - 2.65 J/(kg°C) and thermal conductivity values range from 0.0603 - 0.1243 J (s oC m) -1 . The thermal conductivity and acoustic attenuation values are similar to fat tissue and can be adjusted to other types of tissue by mixing, for instance, graphite or PVC powder.
Grazing-incidence ellipsoidal reflector for longitudinally pumping short-wavelength lasers (1987)

We propose using a prolate ellipsoid for collecting and focusing soft-x-ray radiation from a laser-produced plasma to longitudinally pump short-wavelength lasers. Total collection efficiencies greater than 20% at 10 nm into gain regions with aspect ratios of 25 are possible. This geometry offers several advantages with respect to present transverse multiple-spot geometries.
On the entropy of keys derived from laser speckle; statistical properties of Gabor-transformed speckle (2008)

Laser speckle has been proposed in a number of papers as a high entropy source of unpredictable bits for use in security applications. Bit strings derived from speckle can be used for a variety of security purposes such as in identification, authentication, anti-counterfeiting, secure key storage, random number generation and tamper protection. The choice of laser speckle as a source of random keys is quite natural, given the chaotic properties of speckle. However, this same chaotic behaviour also causes reproducibility problems. Cryptographic protocols require either zero noise or very low noise in their inputs; hence the issue of error rates is critical to applications of laser speckle in cryptography. Most of the literature uses an error reduction method based on Gabor filtering. Though the method is successful, it has not been thoroughly analysed. In this paper we present a statistical analysis of Gabor-filtered speckle patterns. We introduce a model in which perturbations are described as random phase changes in the source plane. Using this model we compute the second- and fourth-order statistics of Gabor coefficients. We determine the mutual information of perturbed and unperturbed Gabor coefficients and the bit error rate in the derived bit string. The mutual information provides an absolute upper bound on the number of secure bits that can be reproducibly extracted from noisy measurements.
Towards the Semantic Interpretation of Personal Health Messages from Social Media (2015)

Recent attempts have been made to utilise social media platforms, such as Twitter, to provide early warning and monitoring of health threats in populations (i.e. Internet bio-surveillance). It has been shown in the literature that a system based on keyword matching that exploits social media messages could report flu surveillance well ahead of the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). However, we argue that a simple keyword matching may not capture semantic interpretation of social media messages that would enable healthcare experts or machines to extract and leverage medical knowledge from social media messages. In this paper, we motivate and describe a new task that aims to tackle this technology gap by extracting semantic interpretation of medical terms mentioned in social media messages, which are typically written in layman's language. Achieving such a task would enable an automatic integration between the data about direct patient experiences extracted from social media and existing knowledge from clinical databases, which leads to advances in the use of community health experiences in healthcare services.
Bioremediation of Heavy Metals from Soil and Aquatic Environment: An Overview of Principles and Criteria of Fundamental Processes (2015)

Heavy metals are natural constituents of the environment, but indiscriminate use for human purposes has altered their geochemical cycles and biochemical balance. This results in excess release of heavy metals such as cadmium, copper, lead, nickel, zinc etc. into natural resources like the soil and aquatic environments. Prolonged exposure and higher accumulation of such heavy metals can have deleterious health effects on human life and aquatic biota. The role of microorganisms and plants in biotransformation of heavy metals into nontoxic forms is well-documented, and understanding the molecular mechanism of metal accumulation has numerous biotechnological implications for bioremediation of metal-contaminated sites. In view of this, the present review investigates the abilities of microorganisms and plants in terms of tolerance and degradation of heavy metals. Also, advances in bioremediation technologies and strategies to explore these immense and valuable biological resources for bioremediation are discussed. An assessment of the current status of technology deployment and suggestions for future bioremediation research has also been included. Finally, there is a discussion of the genetic and molecular basis of metal tolerance in microbes, with special reference to the genomics of heavy metal accumulator plants and the identification of functional genes involved in tolerance and detoxification.
Glucan particles for selective delivery of siRNA to phagocytic cells in mice (2011)

Phagocytic macrophages and dendritic cells are desirable targets for potential RNAi (RNA interference) therapeutics because they often mediate pathogenic inflammation and autoimmune responses. We recently engineered a complex 5 component glucan-based encapsulation system for siRNA (small interfering RNA) delivery to phagocytes. In experiments designed to simplify this original formulation, we discovered that the amphipathic peptide Endo-Porter forms stable nanocomplexes with siRNA that can mediate potent gene silencing in multiple cell types. In order to restrict such gene silencing to phagocytes, a method was developed to entrap siRNA-Endo-Porter complexes in glucan shells of 2-4 μm diameter in the absence of other components. The resulting glucan particles containing fluorescently labelled siRNA were readily internalized by macrophages, but not other cell types, and released the labelled siRNA into the macrophage cytoplasm. Intraperitoneal administration of such glucan particles containing siRNA-Endo-Porter complexes to mice caused gene silencing specifically in macrophages that internalized the particles. These results from the present study indicate that specific targeting to phagocytes is mediated by the glucan, whereas Endo-Porter peptide serves both to anchor siRNA within glucan particles and to catalyse escape of siRNA from phagosomes. Thus we have developed a simplified siRNA delivery system that effectively and specifically targets phagocytes in culture or in intact mice.
Single-phase Unidirectional Transducers for Low-loss Surface Acoustic Wave Devices (1988)

There has been an upsurge in interest recently in lower loss surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices for new signaI processing applications. In this thesis, a new generation of unidirectional transducers (UDTs) for the realization of low-loss SAW devices has been studied in which unidirectionaIity is effected by exploiting coherent internal reflections within a transducer. These single-phase UDTs (SPUDTs) offer many advantages and attractions that are unavaiIable in many previous UDT designs. CoupIed-mode theory is extensively used to analyze and characterize these structures. A general theory is proposed which will guide design and construction of all SPUDT devices. This includes specifications of the optimum conditions for achieving maximum directivity. An accurate and detailed model is also developed for SPUDTs with inter-IDT reflectors. The model accounts for all major electrode interaction effects and involves the cascade of transfer matrices of reflectors, transmission lines and transducers to realize the overall response. Experimental verifications have consistently shown that this model is very accurate in the analysis of SPUDTs. Based on a better understanding of the SPUDT concept, several new SPUDT designs have been developed. Special efforts are expended towards acquiring key properties never before obtained with SPUDTs, such as improved sidelobe suppression, wider bandwidths and higher operating frequencies. In these respects, the new designs represent a significant improvement over the earlier SPUDT designs. The final part of the thesis describes the theory and operation of a novel SPUDT-based multimode oscillator for frequency agile radar. An innovative injection-locking scheme involving FM chirp-mixing is also disclosed. Preliminary tests have indicated very encouraging results including low phase noise levels (120 dBc/Hz @ 10 kHz), wide tuning bandwidth (50%) and fast switching speeds (< 2 us).
Molecular analysis of the Smith-Magenis syndrome: a possible contiguous-gene syndrome associated with del(17)(p11.2). (1991)

We undertook clinical evaluation (32 cases) and molecular evaluation (31 cases) of unrelated patients affected with Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) associated with an interstitial deletion of band p11.2 of chromosome 17. Patients were evaluated both clinically and electrophysiologically for peripheral neuropathy, since markers showing close linkage to one form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT1A) map to this chromosomal region. The common clinical findings were broad flat midface with brachycephaly, broad nasal bridge, brachydactyly, speech delay, and hoarse, deep voice. Fifty-five percent of the patients showed clinical signs (e.g., decreased or absent deep tendon reflexes, pes planus or pes cavus, decreased sensitivity to pain, and decreased leg muscle mass) suggestive of peripheral neuropathy. However, unlike patients with CMT1A, these patients demonstrated normal nerve conduction velocities. Self-destructive behaviors, primarily onychotillomania and polyembolokoilamania, were observed in 67% of the patients, and significant symptoms of sleep disturbance were observed in 62%. The absence of REM sleep was demonstrated by polysomnography in two patients. Southern analysis indicated that most patients were deleted for five 17p11.2 markers--FG1 (D17S446), 1516 (D17S258), pYNM67-R5 (D17S29), pA10-41 (D17S71), and pS6.1-HB2 (D17S445)--thus defining a region which appears to be critical to SMS. The deletion was determined to be of paternal origin in nine patients and of maternal origin in six patients. The apparent random parental origin of deletion documented in 15 patients suggests that genomic imprinting does not play a role in the expression of the SMS clinical phenotype. Our findings suggest that SMS is likely a contiguous-gene deletion syndrome which comprises characteristic clinical features, developmental delay, clinical signs of peripheral neuropathy, abnormal sleep function, and specific behavioral anomalies.
Goldmann applanation tonometry compared with corneal-compensated intraocular pressure in the evaluation of primary open-angle Glaucoma (2012)

IOPcc may account for measurement error induced by corneal biomechanics. Compared to GAT, IOPcc may be a superior test in the evaluation of glaucoma but is unlikely to represent an effective diagnostic test.
Toxicologic Testing of Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols (1993)

This paper reviews technical issues related to the toxicologic testing of inhaled pharmaceuticals. Although there are commonalities between approaches to general and inhalation toxicity testing, there also are specific challenges in the toxicity testing of inhaled pharmaceuticals. A major issue is that of dose; inhaled dose is more difficult to determine than intravenous or oral doses. Also, it is harder to relate dose in laboratory animals to that in man for inhalation exposure than for other routes of administration. Additionally, in the case of inhaled pharmaceuticals, people generally inhale through the mouth, whereas most laboratory animals inhale primarily through the nose. This presents significant challenges in exposure methodology and technology that often need innovative approaches involving alteration to particle size of the agent or dosing procedure. Because the respiratory tract is the site of deposition, local respiratory toxicity and possible damage to lung cells need to be assessed. Systemic toxicity also needs to be evaluated and may be an issue in some cases. Special studies on pulmonary function, mucociliary clearance, or immune response may be needed, depending on the nature of the inhaled pharmaceutical. This review explores the main issues involved in toxicity testing of inhaled pharmaceuticals, the approaches that have been used, and the current and future challenges.
Adaptive dispersion slope equalizer using a nonlinearly chirped fiber Bragg grating pair with a novel dispersion detection technique (2002)

We realized the first adaptive-dispersion equalizer that equalizes dispersion over a wide wavelength range (6 nm) in the zero-dispersion wavelength region of a dispersion-shifted fiber (DSF). The equalizer is based on a pair of nonlinearly chirped fiber Bragg gratings, which are designed to equalize exactly the dispersion profile of a DSF. The dispersion changes were tracked using a technique that employs opposite dispersion fibers to identify the sign of the dispersion change. Unlike previous approaches, no additional sources or changes in the source wavelength are required. We demonstrate the adaptive equalization of the dispersion changes in an 83-km DSF, induced by temperature changes between -10/spl deg/C and 60/spl deg/C.
Hydantoin Derivatives. A New Class of Inhibitors of Human Leukocyte Elastase (1990)

Derivatives of hydantoin have been found to inactivate human leukocyte elastase irreversibly. Chymotrypsin and cathepsin G are also inhibited by these compounds.