gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exceptionally High Glucose Current on a Hierarchically Structured Porous Carbon Electrode with “Wired” Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide-Dependent Glucose Dehydrogenase (2014)

This article introduces a carbon electrode designed to achieve efficient enzymatic electrolysis by exploiting a hierarchical pore structure based on macropores for efficient mass transfer and mesopores for high enzyme loading. Magnesium oxide-templated mesoporous carbon (MgOC, mean pore diameter 38 nm) was used to increase the effective specific surface area for enzyme immobilization. MgOC particles were deposited on a current collector by an electrophoretic deposition method to generate micrometer-scale macropores to improve the mass transfer of glucose and electrolyte (buffer) ions. To create a glucose bioanode, the porous-carbon-modified electrode was further coated with a biocatalytic hydrogel composed of a conductive redox polymer, deglycosylated flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (d-FAD-GDH), and a cross-linker. Carbohydrate chains on the peripheral surfaces of the FAD-GDH molecules were removed by periodate oxidation before cross-linking. The current density for the oxidation of glucose was 100 mA cm(-2) at 25 °C and pH 7, with a hydrogel loading of 1.0 mg cm(-2). For the same hydrogel composition and loading, the current density on the MgOC-modified electrode was more than 30 times higher than that on a flat carbon electrode. On increasing the solution temperature to 45 °C, the catalytic current increased to 300 mA cm(-2), with a hydrogel loading of 1.6 mg cm(-2). Furthermore, the stability of the hydrogel electrode was improved by using the mesoporous carbon materials; more than 95% of the initial catalytic current remained after a 220-day storage test in 4 °C phosphate buffer, and 80% was observed after 7 days of continuous operation at 25 °C.
Novel Neurostimulation-Based Haptic Feedback Platform for Grasp Interactions With Virtual Objects (2022)

Haptic perception is a vital part of the human experience that enriches our engagement with the world, but the ability to provide haptic information in virtual reality (VR) environments is limited. Neurostimulation-based sensory feedback has the potential to enhance the immersive experience within VR environments by supplying relevant and intuitive haptic feedback related to interactions with virtual objects. Such feedback may contribute to an increase in the sense of presence and realism in VR and may contribute to the improvement of virtual reality simulations for future VR applications. This work developed and evaluated xTouch, a neuro-haptic platform that extends the sense of touch to virtual environments. xTouch is capable of tracking a user’s grasp and manipulation interactions with virtual objects and delivering haptic feedback based on the resulting grasp forces. Seven study participants received haptic feedback delivered via multi-channel transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the median nerve at the wrist to receive the haptic feedback. xTouch delivered different percept intensity profiles designed to emulate grasp forces during manipulation of objects of different sizes and compliance. The results of a virtual object classification task showed that the participants were able to use the active haptic feedback to discriminate the size and compliance of six virtual objects with success rates significantly better than the chance of guessing it correctly (63.9 ± 11.5%, chance = 16.7%, p &lt; 0.001). We demonstrate that the platform can reliably convey interpretable information about the physical characteristics of virtual objects without the use of hand-mounted devices that would restrict finger mobility. Thus, by offering an immersive virtual experience, xTouch may facilitate a greater sense of belonging in virtual worlds.
The Use of Computer Modeling in Room Acoustics (2000)

: After decades of development room acoustical computer models have matured. Hybrid methods combine the best features from image source models and ray tracing methods and have led to significantly reduced calculation times. Due to the wave nature of sound it has been necessary to simulate scattering effects in the models. Today&apos;s room acoustical computer models have several advantages compared to scale models. They have become reliable and efficient design tools for the acoustic consultants, and the results of a simulation can be presented not only for the eyes but also for the ears with new techniques for auralisation. Keywords: room acoustics, computer models, scattering, auralisation NOTATION c speed of sound in air i reflection order n number of surfaces s scattering coefficient of a surface t time A area of a surface in a room N number of rays N refl number of reflections N sou number of image sources V volume of room 1. INTRODUCTION In acoustics as in many other ar...
Degradation of collagen substrates by a trypsin-like serine protease from the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator (1983)

The collagenolytic properties of a trypsin-like protease from the hepatopancreas of the fiddler crab Uca pugilator have been examined. All collagen types, I-V, were attacked by this enzyme. Types III and IV were degraded much more rapidly than types I, II, and V. Crab protease produced multiple cleavages in the triple helix of each collagen at 25 degrees C; only in the case of type III collagen, however, was a major cleavage observed at a 3/4:1/4 locus that corresponded to the region of collagen susceptibility to mammalian collagenase action. Additionally, both the affinity and the specific activity of the crab protease for native collagen were lower than those which characterize mammalian collagenase. The results of this study, in conjunction with a previous report on the collagenolytic activity of another serine protease from the fiddler crab [Welgus, H. G., Grant, G. A., Jeffrey, J. J., & Eisen, A. Z. (1982) Biochemistry 21, 5183], suggest that the following properties distinguish the action of these invertebrate collagenolytic enzymes from the metalloenzyme collagenases of mammals: (1) broad substrate specificity, including both noncollagenous proteins and collagen types I-V; (2) ability to cleave the native triple helix of collagen at multiple loci; (3) reduced affinity or higher Km for collagen; and (4) lower specific activity on collagen fibrils.
Reactivity of the Dicationic Ruthenium–Alkylidene Complex [Ru(DMF)<sub>3</sub>(IMesH<sub>2</sub>)(=CH—2—(2—PrO)—C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>)],<sup>2+</sup>(BF<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup>)<sub>2</sub>] in Ring‐Opening Metathesis and Cyclopolymerization (2012)

Abstract The reactivity of the dicationic Ru–alkylidene complex [Ru(DMF) 3 (IMesH 2 )(—CH—2—(2—PrO)—C 6 H 4 )] 2+ (BF 4 − ) 2 ] ( 1 , IMesH 2 = 1,3‐dimesitylimidazolin‐2‐ylidene) in the ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of various functional norborn‐2‐enes as well as in the cyclopolymerization of different 1,6‐heptadiynes is reported. Due to its dicationic character, complex 1 is highly electrophilic and possesses high reactivity towards alkenes and 1,6‐heptadiynes. Generally, a pronounced difference in reactivity between monomers bearing coordinating groups and those that lack such moieties is observed. In the presence of ionic monomers containing coordinating anions such as Br − and I − , a rapid change in the nature of the propagating alkylidene from a dicationic to a neutral one is observed.
Examining the patterns of communication and connections among engineering professional skills in group discussion: A network analysis approach (2016)

In this study, we examine the student-group discussion processes in a scenario-based assessment of engineering professional skills (EPSs). In the assessment, each group of students was evaluated through a discussion on a scenario related to a modern engineering problem with no clear solution. Using social network analysis techniques, we construct two types of networks to model the patterns of the communication and connections among EPSs during the discussion process. For the two groups of students investigated as a case study, we find drastic differences between the high-performing group and the low-performing group. For instance, the high-performing group tends to show denser and more balanced network connections in both the communication and EPS networks. Limitations of this study and practical implications of the results are also discussed.
Ecosystem Response to Solar Ultraviolet-B Radiation: Influence of Trophic-Level Interactions (1994)

Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) can reduce the photosynthesis and growth of benthic diatom communities in shallow freshwater. Nevertheless, greater amounts of algae accumulate in UVR-exposed habitats than in UVR-protected environments. Near-ultraviolet (UVA wavelengths of 320 to 400 nanometers) and mid-ultraviolet (UVB, wavelengths of 280 to 320 nanometers) radiation also inhibit algal consumers (Diptera: Chironomidae). Larval chironomids are more sensitive to UVB than sympatric algae. Differential sensitivity to UVB between algae and herbivores contributes to counterintuitive increases in algae in habitats exposed to UVB. These mesocosm experiments illustrate that predictions of the response of entire ecosystems to elevated UVB cannot be made on single trophic-level assessments.
Stable dispersions of ferromagnetic carbon-coated metal nanoparticles: preparation via surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (2012)

Magnetic nanoparticle dispersions are traditionally made from superparamagnetic materials since the absence of magnetic particle–particle attraction under normal conditions (no external field) easily allows preparation of stable dispersions. For inductive heating in medicinal chemistry or material science, however, the much higher magnetization of ferromagnetic metals over the currently used oxides is attractive. Traditional attempts to prepare stable dispersions of ferromagnetic particles, however, failed since the strong magnetic particle–particle attraction usually overcomes repulsive effects from surfactants or steric stabilizers (typically polymers). In the present work, we demonstrate how the direct, covalent attachment of highly charged polymers can circumvent stabilizer detachment and loss, and permits preparation of stable dispersions of ferromagnetic particles. More specifically, carbon-coated metal nanoparticles were covalently functionalized with positively charged polymer brushes via surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). Particle size distributions with an average diameter of 24 nm provided a ferromagnetic liquid with unprecedented stability in water over several months. The stability was discussed by comparison of the potentials of non-functionalized and modified nanomagnets within a modified Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) theory. Measurements for inductive heating at different frequencies and various field strengths showed an average specific absorption rate of 360 W g−1. Altogether, this suggests that efficiently stabilized dispersions of ferromagnetic nanoparticles could be an alternative to superparamagnetic iron oxide particles in a number of applications.
Multicasting optical cross connects employing splitter-and-delivery switch (1998)

A new splitter-and-delivery (SAD) switch having multicasting capability is proposed. It is best implemented in a single silicon board using planar silica waveguide technology. Less than -40-dB crosstalk is achievable by an auxiliary action of the optical gate. Three optical cross-connect architectures employing the SAD switch are proposed. They are strictly nonblocking and have multicasting capability. Furthermore, they have wavelength or fiber modular structures and are expandable when the number of the fibers and the wavelengths increase a few or by a few times. The expanding method and other important issues are discussed in detail.
How the Cucumber Tendril Coils and Overwinds (2012)

The helical coiling of plant tendrils has fascinated scientists for centuries, yet the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Moreover, despite Darwin's widely accepted interpretation of coiled tendrils as soft springs, their mechanical behavior remains unknown. Our experiments on cucumber tendrils demonstrate that tendril coiling occurs via asymmetric contraction of an internal fiber ribbon of specialized cells. Under tension, both extracted fiber ribbons and old tendrils exhibit twistless overwinding rather than unwinding, with an initially soft response followed by strong strain-stiffening at large extensions. We explain this behavior using physical models of prestrained rubber strips, geometric arguments, and mathematical models of elastic filaments. Collectively, our study illuminates the origin of tendril coiling, quantifies Darwin's original proposal, and suggests designs for biomimetic twistless springs with tunable mechanical responses.
Dissent in numbers: making strong anonymity scale (2012)

Current anonymous communication systems make a trade-off between weak anonymity among many nodes, via onion routing, and strong anonymity among few nodes, via DC-nets. We develop novel techniques in Dissent, a practical group anonymity system, to increase by over two orders of magnitude the scalability of strong, traffic analysis resistant approaches. Dissent derives its scalability from a client/server architecture, in which many unreliable clients depend on a smaller and more robust, but administratively decentralized, set of servers. Clients trust only that at least one server in the set is honest, but need not know or choose which server to trust. Unlike the quadratic costs of prior peer-to-peer DC-nets schemes, Dissent's client/server design makes communication and processing costs linear in the number of clients, and hence in anonymity set size. Further, Dissent's servers can unilaterally ensure progress, even if clients respond slowly or disconnect at arbitrary times, ensuring robustness against client churn, tail latencies, and DoS attacks. On DeterLab, Dissent scales to 5,000 online participants with latencies as low as 600 milliseconds for 600-client groups. An anonymous Web browsing application also shows that Dissent's performance suffices for interactive communication within smaller local-area groups.
Differential DNA-binding abilites of estrogen receptor occupied with two classes of antiestrogens: studies using human estrogen receptor overexpressed in mammalian cells (1991)

We have developed a transient transfection system using the Cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter to express the human estrogen receptor (ER) at very high levels in COS-1 cells and have used it to study the interaction of agonist and antagonist receptor complexes with estrogen response element (ERE) DNA. ER can be expressed to levels of 20-40 pmol/mg or 0.2-0.3% of total soluble protein and all of the soluble receptor is capable of binding hormone. The ER binds estradiol with high affinity (Kd 0.2 nM), and is indistinguishable from native ER in that the receptor is capable of recognizing its cognate DNA response element with high affinity, and of transactivating a transgene in an estradiol-dependent manner. Gel mobility shift assays reveal interesting ligand-dependent differences in the binding of receptor complexes to ERE DNA. Receptors occupied by estradiol or the type I antiestrogen transhydroxytamoxifen bind to DNA response elements when exposed to the ligand in vitro or in vivo. Likewise, receptors exposed to the type II antiestrogen ICI 164,384 in vitro bind to ERE DNA. However, when receptor exposure to ICI 164,384 is carried out in vivo, the ER-ICI 164,384 complexes do not bind to ERE DNA, or do so only weakly. This effect is not reversed by subsequent incubation with estradiol in vitro, but is rapidly reversible by in vivo estradiol exposure of intact COS-1 cells. This suggests there may be some cellular process involved in the mechanism of antagonism by the pure antiestrogen ICI 164,384, which is not observed in cell-free extracts.
On-the-fly learning for visual search of large-scale image and video datasets (2015)

The objective of this work is to visually search large-scale video datasets for semantic entities specified by a text query. The paradigm we explore is constructing visual models for such semantic entities <i>on-the-fly</i>, i.e. at run time, by using an image search engine to source visual training data for the text query. The approach combines fast and accurate learning and retrieval, and enables videos to be returned within seconds of specifying a query. We describe three classes of queries, each with its associated visual search method: object instances (using a bag of visual words approach for matching); object categories (using a discriminative classifier for ranking key frames); and faces (using a discriminative classifier for ranking face tracks). We discuss the features suitable for each class of query, for example Fisher vectors or features derived from convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and how these choices impact on the trade-off between three important performance measures for a real-time system of this kind, namely: (1) accuracy, (2) memory footprint, and (3) speed. We also discuss and compare a number of important implementation issues, such as how to remove 'outliers' in the downloaded images efficiently, and how to best obtain a single descriptor for a face track. We also sketch the architecture of the real-time on-the-fly system. Quantitative results are given on a number of large-scale image and video benchmarks (e.g. TRECVID INS, MIRFLICKR-1M), and we further demonstrate the performance and real-world applicability of our methods over a dataset sourced from 10,000 h of unedited footage from BBC News, comprising 5M+ key frames.
Vision Intelligence guided strawberry decalyx machine --automatic vision-guided intelligent decalyxing network (AVIDnet) (2019)

<b><sc>Abstract.</sc></b> <b>The 2<sup>nd</sup> generation strawberry decalyx machine (AVID2) was designed and built. The new machine utilized a convolutional neural network (AVIDnet) to replace manually defined standards to decide whether the berry can be cut or not, which can effectively improve the machine`s production capacity. To maximum the yield of the machine, the new machine also included rapid robotic movements that enabled a curved cut along strawberry calyx curvatures. To guide the waterjet movement following the ideal cut trajectory, a regression deep neural network was integrated into the above discrimination network. Though a network embedding design, we successfully avoided the ground truth contradiction resulting from data labelling and augmentation. Meanwhile, low-level, middle-level and high-level deep features were fused to ensure the network regression accuracy. Lab test results showed the great advantages of the new machine compared to the first generation prototype, and now the new machine is ready for production.</b>
A touch sensitive X-Y position encoder for computer input (1969)

Any input device used in conjunction with a computer controlled display for interactive information exchange between man and computer must function as a position encoder. Input devices for handling two dimensional positional information can be grouped into two general types, one type encoding absolute positions and the other encoding changes in position.
BrightView: Increasing Perceived Brightness of Optical See-Through Head-Mounted Displays Through Unnoticeable Incident Light Reduction (2018)

Optical See-Through Head-Mounted Displays (OST-HMDs) lose the visibility of virtual contents under bright environment illumination due to their see-through nature. We demonstrate how a liquid crystal (LC) filter attached to an OST-HMD can be used to dynamically increase the perceived brightness of virtual content without impacting the perceived brightness of the real scene. We present a prototype OST-HMD that continuously adjusts the opacity of the LC filter to attenuate the environment light without users becoming aware of the change. Consequently, virtual content appears to be brighter. The proposed approach is evaluated in psychophysical experiments in three scenes, with 16, 31, and 31 participants, respectively. The participants were asked to compare the magnitude of brightness changes of both real and virtual objects, before and after dimming the LC filter over a period of 5, 10, and 20 seconds. The results showed that the participants felt increases in the brightness of virtual objects while they were less conscious of reductions of the real scene luminance. These results provide evidence for the effectiveness of our display design. Our design can be applied to a wide range of OST-HMDs to improve the brightness and hence realism of virtual content in augmented reality applications.
A critical evaluation of the available methods for the determination of factor VIII von Willebrand. (1986)

Von Willebrand factor (vWf) is the major component of the circulating factor VIII complex. The von Willebrand molecule includes factor VIII related antigen (VIIIR: Ag) which represents the molecular substrate of the von Willebrand activity expressed as Ristocetin cofactor (VIIIR:RCoF) activity. Several methods have been developed for VIIIR: Ag evaluation, among the first being the rocket-immunoelectrophoresis method of LAURELL. Radial immunodiffusion (MANCINI's method) was also used. Subsequently, radioimmunological assays, either as radioimmunoassay (RIA) or immunoradiometric assay (IRMA), were developed with improvements in sensitivity, so that levels of VIIIR: Ag lower than 0.1% of normal can be detected. More recently, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), characterized by the use of enzyme-conjugated antibody was proposed. This method shows a sensitivity similar to immunoradiometric methods but without using any dangerous reagent. Finally, a nephelometric method was proposed for factor VIII antigen evaluation. For a qualitative evaluation of von Willebrand factor crossed-immunoelectrophoresis and multimeric analysis can be used. In the first case, the use of precipiting antibodies against von Willebrand factor may demonstrate a peak with different characteristics related to the biochemical property of von Willebrand. Multimeric analysis in SDS-agarose gel electrophoresis followed by staining with labelled antifactor VIII antibodies gives information about different polymeric forms of circulating VIII/vW factor. Von Willebrand factor activity, expressed as its ability to induce platelet aggregation in the presence of the antibiotic Ristocetin, can be carried out using normal formalin fixed platelets, either with aggregometer or visual methods (glass slide test or tubes test and microtritation plate). The corrected evaluation of factor VIII complex by all these techniques together with the clotting activity assay allows a satisfactory study of factor VIII properties.
Recent studies on the decomposition and strategies of smoke and toxicity suppression for polyurethane based materials (2016)

This review provides insight into recent studies related to thermal degradation, smoke and toxicity production and their reduction strategies for polyurethane-based materials.
Using Kano with Revised Ipa Model Explore Tourist Satisfaction in Airport Terminal (2020)

This study integrates the Kano with revised IPA model to explore Tourist Satisfaction Improvement Strategy in Airport Terminal. It is not only avoid without considering weakness of service attribute is two-dimensional when apply IPA to analyze solely, and avoid without considering to weakness of service factor importance when apply Kano model to analyze solely. Taking Xiamen airport T4 terminal building as case study, the result found five items which need to be improved and five items which need to be maintained.