gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control issues in automated highway systems (1994)

This article describes vehicle control issues that must be faced in designing a fully automated highway system (AHS). In particular, requirements for a control system architecture as well as issues of lateral and longitudinal "platoon" control are addressed. Interest in AHS is clearly expanding at a rapid pace due to the ever-increasing problems of freeway congestion and the potential for a technological solution. The approach described is based on five years of research as part of the California PATH program.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Effectiveness of Two Anthelmintics, Vermox (mebendazole) and Povan (pyrvinium pamoate), on Thelastomatid Nematodes (Nematoda: Oxyuroidea) of the Cockroach, Gromphadorhina portentosa (1990)

The anthelmintics Vermox (mebendazole) and Povan (pyrvinium pamoate) were tested for their effectiveness against thelastomatid nematode, Leidynema portentosae and Hammerschtnidtiella diesingi, infections in the cockroach, Gromphadorhina portentosa. Vermox was tested in doses ranging from 0.2 mg to 5 nig and Povan was tested in doses ranging from 0.1 mg to 12.5 mg. Vermox was found much more effective in curing the thelastomatid infection of cockroaches than Povan. Although Povan was able to reduce markedly the infection rate of the adult nematodes, it was significantly less effective on the thelastomatid juveniles and on the adult H. diesingi. Host sex had no noticeable impact on the sensitivity of either nematode to either anthelmintic at all dose levels tested. The results obtained with the G. portentosa system were in agreement with studies in other host-parasite systems.
狗狗也爱“大耗子”[狗窝窝全集] (2007)

狗狗们的生活越来越好了,自然对于衣食住行的要求也提高了。起初,它们对于房子的概念仅停留在一个可以睡觉的小窝而已,而现在,狗狗的窝也成了狗狗们互相攀比的最要因素。所以,为了使自家的“孩子”在攀比中始终处于佼佼者的状态,《狗迷》决定支持这股攀比之风,让各位家长们开开眼,重磅推出狗窝窝全集。
Plasmon-induced enhancement of optical absorption in silicon thin films due to embedded silver nano-pillars (2014)

International audience
Synthesis of a Bifunctional Initiator for Controlled Kumada Catalyst-Transfer Polycondensation/Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization and Preparation of Poly(3-hexylthiophene)−Polystyrene Block Copolymer Therefrom (2009)

Herein, we present a new approach to synthesize rod−coil block copolymers via consecutive Kumada catalyst-transfer polycondensation (KCTP) and nitroxide-mediated free radical polymerization (NMP) performed from a bifunctional initiator, TIPNO−Ph−Ni(dppp)−Br (TIPNO = 2,2,5-trimethyl-4-phenyl-3-azahexane-3-nitroxide; dppp = propane-1,3-diylbis(diphenylphosphane). The utility of the method was exemplified in a preparation of a model block copolymer, poly(3-hexylthiophene)-block-polystyrene (P3HT-b-PS) with a relatively narrow molecular weight distribution of 1.33. Synthesis of the bifunctional initiator was accomplished by a reaction of diethylbipyridylnickel with a readily accessible precursor, TIPNO−Ph−Br, followed by in situ replacement of the bipyridyl ligand onto bidentate phosphorus one.
Hysterosalpingography for Assessing Efficacy of Essure Microinsert Permanent Birth Control Device (2006)

The Essure microinsert produced tubal blockage in all patients. As this device may become more widely used, radiologists should be aware of the device's appearance and be able to assess device position and presence of tubal occlusion on HSG.
An Analytical and Experimental Study on the Mechanical Behavior of Excavating Turnels beneath the Roadway (2012)

A turnelling work beneath roadways or railways in use is unsafe and dangerous. A turnelling method should be analytically and experimentally studied to verify stability and safety of excavating works by construction step. The conventionally analytical method was ineffective in computational time and cost, so the new analytical method named homogenuity method, was developed and verified compared with analytical results. That method was applied to parameterly study the effect of distance of steel supports and overburdening height of soil. It showed that the homogenuity method was very practical and effective in step-by-step analysis considering construction sequences. A measuring device was set at the construction field and mechanical behavior was monitored during construction. Measuring values are larger than analytical values because impact of inserting steel pipes, lowering level of underground water and vibration of passing vehicles affected soil density during construction, but those values were within allowable limits.
ACE-2/ANG1-7 ameliorates ER stress-induced apoptosis in seawater aspiration-induced acute lung injury (2018)

Previous studies have shown that apoptosis of alveolar cells can be regulated by autocrine of angiotensin (ANG)II and its counter regulatory ACE-2/ANG1-7 axis. Our earlier study has shown that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in response to seawater aspiration eventually led to apoptosis in lung tissue. In this study, we examined the hypothesis that ER stress-induced apoptosis in seawater aspiration-induced acute lung injury (ALI) might also be regulated by the ANGII/ANG1-7 system. ER stress was induced by seawater stimulation and proteasome inhibitor MG132 (an ER stress inductor). Moreover, ER stress in seawater-stimulated lung tissues and rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (RPMVECs) promoted ANGII expression and decreased ACE-2/ANG1-7 expression. ER stress induced by seawater stimulation also led to apoptosis. Apoptosis induced by seawater stimulation and MG132 were inhibited by ANGII receptor blocker and abrogated by the addition of ANG1-7. These results suggest that apoptosis induced by ER stress in seawater aspiration-induced ALI is regulated by ANG II/ANG1-7 in lung tissues and RPMVECs. In addition, the active form of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), spliced XBP1 (XBP1s), a transcription factor that regulates ER-associated degradation genes during ER stress was significantly activated in seawater stimulated cells. Based on this phenomenon we designed a tandem gene, Wfs1 promoter (a target gene promoter of XBP1s)- ACE2 and ANG1-7 and transfected this tandem gene into seawater-stimulated cells. ACE-2/ANG1-7 expression were significantly promoted and apoptosis was inhibited in cells transfected with the tandem gene. These results suggest that stimulation of ACE-2/ANG1-7 may be a therapeutic target of ER stress-induced apoptosis in seawater aspiration-induced ALI.
Effect of Aspect Ratio (Length:Diameter) on a Single Polypyrrole Nanowire FET Device (2010)

Effect of different aspect ratio (length to diameter ratio, L:D) on single polypyrrole (Ppy) nanowire based field effect transistor (FET) sensor for real time pH monitoring was studied. Ppy nanowires with diameters of ~60, ~80 and ~200 nm were synthesized using electrochemical deposition inside anodized aluminium oxide (AAO) template and were assembled using AC dielectrophoretic alignment followed by maskless anchoring on a pair of gold electrodes separated with different gap lengths. Microfabricated gold electrode patterns with gap size between 1 - 4 μm were developed by means of MEMS technique (photolithography). Using field effect transistor geometry with pair of microfabricated gold contact electrodes serving as a source and a drain, and a platinum (Pt) mesh (anchored in a microfluidic channel) was used as a gate electrode. When effect of different aspect ratio of the nanowire were compared, higher sensitivity was recorded for higher aspect ratio. The sensitivity was further improved by modulating the gate potential. These FET sensors based on single polypyrrole nanowire exhibited excellent and tunable sensitivity towards pH variations.
Global public computing (2021)

High-bandwidth networking and cheap computing hardware are leading to a world in which the resources of one machine are available to groups of users beyond their immediate owner. This trend is visible in many different settings. Distributed computing, where applications are divided into parts that run on different machines for load distribution, geographical dispersion, or robustness, has recently found new fertile ground. Grid computing promises to provide a common framework for scheduling scientific computation and managing the associated large data sets. Proposals for utility computing envision a world in which businesses rent computing bandwidth in server farms on-demand instead of purchasing and maintaining servers themselves. All such architectures target particular user and application groups or deployment scenarios, where simplifying assumptions can be made. They expect centralised ownership of resources, cooperative users, and applications that are well-behaved and compliant to a specific API or middleware. Members of the public who are not involved in Grid communities or wish to deploy out-of-the-box distributed services, such as game servers, have no means to acquire resources on large numbers of machines around the world to launch their tasks. This dissertation proposes a new distributed computing paradigm, termed global public computing, which allows any user to run any code anywhere. Such platforms price computing resources, and ultimately charge users for resources consumed. This dissertation presents the design and implementation of the XenoServer Open Platform, putting this vision into practice. The efficiency and scalability of the developed mechanisms are demonstrated by experimental evaluation; the prototype platform allows the global-scale deployment of complex services in less than 45 seconds, and could scale to millions of concurrent sessions without presenting performance bottlenecks. To facilitate global public computing, this work addresses several research challenges. It introduces reusable mechanisms for representing, advertising, and supporting the discovery of resources. To allow flexible and federated control of resource allocation by all stakeholders involved, it proposes a novel role-based resource management framework for expressing and combining distributed management policies. Furthermore, it implements effective service deployment models for launching distributed services on large numbers of machines around the world easily, quickly, and efficiently. To keep track of resource consumption and pass charges on to consumers, it devises an accounting and charging infrastructure.
Development and performance characterizations of a QFN/HMT package (2008)

In this paper, application advantages, development, and fabrication process of aQFN/HMT is introduced. Identical functions are intentionally designed in both CSP- BGA and aQFN/HMT packaging structures so that thermal and electrical performances of these two structures can be reasonably compared and demonstrated. Our calculations indicate that thermal and electrical performances of aQFN/HMT are much better than CSP-BGA, when the same functions are designed in.
Methylation-mediated Silencing of TMS1/ASC Is Accompanied by Histone Hypoacetylation and CpG Island-localized Changes in Chromatin Architecture (2002)

Aberrant methylation of CpG-dense islands in the promoter regions of genes is an acquired epigenetic alteration associated with the silencing of tumor suppressor genes in human cancers. In a screen for endogenous targets of methylation-mediated gene silencing, we identified a novel CpG island-associated gene, TMS1, which is aberrantly methylated and silenced in response to the ectopic expression of DNA methyltransferase-1. TMS1 functions in the regulation of apoptosis and is frequently methylated and silenced in human breast cancers. In this study, we characterized the methylation pattern and chromatin architecture of the TMS1 locus in normal fibroblasts and determined the changes associated with its progressive methylation. In normal fibroblasts expressing TMS1, the CpG island is defined by an unmethylated domain that is separated from densely methylated flanking DNA by distinct 5' and 3' boundaries. Analysis of the nucleoprotein architecture of the locus in intact nuclei revealed three DNase I-hypersensitive sites that map within the CpG island. Strikingly, two of these sites coincided with the 5'- and 3'-methylation boundaries. Methylation of the TMS1 CpG island was accompanied by loss of hypersensitive site formation, hypoacetylation of histones H3 and H4, and gene silencing. This altered chromatin structure was confined to the CpG island and occurred without significant changes in methylation, histone acetylation, or hypersensitive site formation at a fourth DNase I-hypersensitive site 2 kb downstream of the TMS1 CpG island. The data indicate that there are sites of protein binding and/or structural transitions that define the boundaries of the unmethylated CpG island in normal cells and that aberrant methylation overcomes these boundaries to direct a local change in chromatin structure, resulting in gene silencing.
Molecular mechanisms in cervical carcinogenesis : studies of clonality, somatic genetic alterations and human papillomavirus variants in cervical pre-invasive and invasive cancer (2000)

Cervical cancer derives from a series of pre-invasive cervical neoplastic lesions termed CIN I-III (Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia) via typical multiple-step processes. In contrast to premalign ...
Deep trench capacitor based step-up and step-down DC/DC converters in 32nm SOI with opportunistic current borrowing and fast DVFS capabilities (2013)

A switched capacitor step-down converter fabricated in 32nm CMOS achieves a 5X improvement in response time for fast dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS). We also present a step-up converter based on a bi-directional voltage doubler, which is capable of reducing supply noise up to 45% by opportunistically borrowing current from adjacent idle power domains. Using ultra-high density deep trench capacitors, we are able to achieve an output power density of 2.78W/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at a peak efficiency of 85% from the step-down converter and 0.9W/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at a peak efficiency of 82% from the voltage doubler.
Electrochemical formation of self-assembled nanopore arrays as templates for MBE growth of InP-based quantum wires and dots (2002)

In this study, attempts were made to optimize the parameters of the electrochemical process to form uniform nanopore arrays in order to utilize them as templates for MBE growth of InP-based quantum wires and quantum dots. Template parameters such as the pore depth, diameter and period were strongly dependent on anodization conditions. Especially, in the pulsed anodization mode, the pore depth could be well controlled in the nanometer range by changing the number of applied pulses. InGaAs MBE growth was attempted using the nanopore templates. Growth of InGaAs in pores took place to a substantial depth of about 100-200 nm. The measured PL spectrum had a new peak at about 1.2 eV in addition to the PL emission from the InP substrate and that of the InGaAs top layer. The new peak was tentatively assigned to be from InGaAs quantum wire arrays embedded in InP pores with a possible alloy composition change.
Traceability inthe food animal industry and supermarket chains (2001)

Since the 1950s, consumers in the United Kingdom (UK) have learned to expect cheap, but safe food. A number of incidents in the 1980s and 1990s caused public alarm and loss of confidence in the role of producers and the Government in the food supply. This review examines the impact of recent food scares in the UK, where scrutiny of the food industry has led to the introduction of new controls at all stages of production. Animal feed manufacture, livestock production, slaughter and the use or disposal of animal by-products are now controlled in ways unimagined prior to the identification of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in the late 1980s. Traceability has become an important issue for consumers and, by proxy, for the multiple retailers that service consumer needs. Retailers have increasingly managed the food chain to ensure high standards that can be proven by audit. The retailers have also found that a commercial advantage can be gained from certain aspects of source verification. In order to maximise sales in a depressed market, producer groups have themselves developed a multiplicity of assurance schemes.
Large-Scale Production of Nanographite by Tube-Shear Exfoliation in Water (2016)

The number of applications based on graphene, few-layer graphene, and nanographite is rapidly increasing. A large-scale process for production of these materials is critically needed to achieve cost-effective commercial products. Here, we present a novel process to mechanically exfoliate industrial quantities of nanographite from graphite in an aqueous environment with low energy consumption and at controlled shear conditions. This process, based on hydrodynamic tube shearing, produced nanometer-thick and micrometer-wide flakes of nanographite with a production rate exceeding 500 gh-1 with an energy consumption about 10 Whg-1. In addition, to facilitate large-area coating, we show that the nanographite can be mixed with nanofibrillated cellulose in the process to form highly conductive, robust and environmentally friendly composites. This composite has a sheet resistance below 1.75 Ω/sq and an electrical resistivity of 1.39×10-4 Ωm and may find use in several applications, from supercapacitors and batteries to printed electronics and solar cells. A batch of 100 liter was processed in less than 4 hours. The design of the process allow scaling to even larger volumes and the low energy consumption indicates a low-cost process.
L’hypertension chez les diabétiques de type 2: Mise à jour sur le traitement pharmacologique (2011)

Resume Objectif Resumer les donnees qui rappellent la necessite d’ameliorer le traitement pharmacologique de l’hypertension chez les diabetiques de type 2 et de fournir des conseils d’experts sur la facon d’ameliorer le traitement de la tension arterielle (TA) en contexte de soins primaires. Source de l’information A partir d’etudes recueillies grâce a une revue systematique de la litterature sur l’hypertension et le diabete, on a elabore et revise des recommandations et on les a soumises au vote d’un groupe d’experts du Programme educatif canadien sur l’hypertension et de l’Association canadienne du diabete; on a egalement tenu compte de l’opinion avisee des auteurs sur le traitement pharmacologique optimal. Principal message La pathogenie de l’hypertension chez les diabetiques est complexe et fait intervenir plusieurs facteurs biologiques et environnementaux, ainsi qu’une predisposition genetique; par consequent, l’hypertension du diabetique presente un plus grand danger de problemes et de complications. Les diabetiques qui n’obtiennent pas un controle de la TA (c’est-a-dire une valeur cible de moins de 130/80 mm Hg) ont un taux de mortalite et de morbidite plus eleve. De vastes essais cliniques randomises et des meta-analyses d’essais cliniques randomises ont montre qu’a elle seule, une reduction pharmacologique de la TA est la facon la plus efficace de reduire les taux de deces et d’incapacite chez le diabetique, notamment le risque de problemes cardiovasculaires. Pour que le traitement soit efficace, il est souvent necessaire d’utiliser deux medicaments ou plus (diuretiques, inhibiteurs de l’enzyme de conversion de l’angiotensine, β–bloqueurs, bloqueurs des recepteurs de l’angiotensine, bloqueurs des canaux calciques, spironolactone, etc.), en particulier chez les patients dont la TA est difficile a controler. Toutefois, les couts de sante engendres par une reduction importante de la TA sont considerablement moindres que ceux associes au traitement des complications qui peuvent etre prevenues par l’abaissement de la TA. Conclusion La detection et le traitement de l’hypertension chez le diabetique sont parmi les mesures les plus efficaces pour prevenir les complications tandis que la pharmacotherapie est une des facons les plus efficaces pour maintenir des niveaux cibles de TA en contexte de soins primaires.
Encapsulating drugs in biodegradable ultrafine fibers through co‐axial electrospinning (2006)

This article describes an electrospinning process to fabricate double-layered ultrafine fibers. A bioabsorbable polymer, Polycaprolactone (PCL), was used as the outer layer or the shell and two medically pure drugs, Resveratrol (RT, a kind of antioxidant) and Gentamycin Sulfate (GS, an antibiotic), were used as the inner layers or the cores. Morphology and microstructure of the ultrafine fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), whereas mechanical performance of them was understood through tensile test. In vitro degradation rates of the nanofibrous membranes were determined by measuring their weight loss when immersed in pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) mixed with certain amount of Pseudomonas lipase for a maximum of 7 days. The drug release behaviors of the RT and GS were measured using a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, respectively. It has been found that the drug solutions without any fiber-forming additive could be encapsulated in the PCL ultrafine fibers, although they alone cannot be made into a fiber form. Beads on the fiber surface influenced the tensile behavior of the ultrafine fibers remarkably. When the core solvent was miscible with the shell solvent, higher drug concentration decreased the bead formation and thus favored the mechanical performance. The situation, however, became different if the two solvents were immiscible with each other. The degradation rate was closely related to hydrophilicity of the drugs in the cores. Higher hydrophilicity apparently led to faster degradation. The release profiles of the RT and GS exhibited a sustained release characteristic, with no burst release phenomenon.
Seropositivity for HIV and the development of AIDS or AIDS related condition: three year follow up of the San Francisco General Hospital cohort (1988)

The three year actuarial progression rate to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in a cohort of men in San Francisco who were seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was 22%. An additional 26 (19%) developed AIDS related conditions. Beta 2 Microglobulin concentration, packed cell volume, HIV p24 antigenaemia, and the proportion and number of T4 lymphocytes each independently predicted progression to AIDS. Beta 2 Microglobulin was the most powerful predictor. The 111 subjects tested who were normal by all predictors (40%) had a three year progression of 7%, and the 68 subjects who were abnormal by two or more predictors (24%) had a progression rate of 57%. Two thirds of all men who progressed to AIDS were in the last group. The median T4 lymphocyte count in subjects who did not progress to AIDS fell from 626 x 10(6) to 327 x 10(6)/l. HIV p24 antigenaemia developed in 7% of the subjects per year. The proportion who were abnormal by two or more predictive variables rose to 41%. At three years an estimated two thirds of the seropositive subjects showed clinical AIDS, an AIDS related condition, or laboratory results that were highly predictive of AIDS. It is concluded from the observed rates and the distribution of predictive variables at three years that half of the men who were seropositive for HIV will develop AIDS by six years after the start of the study, and three quarters will develop AIDS or an AIDS related condition.