gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of in vitro differentiation on phorbol diester receptor number in human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells. (1986)

Phorbol diester (PDE) tumor promoters affect cells by interacting with specific receptors on the plasma membrane. Cells are known to regulate their receptor populations in response to many external and internal stimuli, including differentiation. The human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60, which can be induced by dimethyl sulfoxide to differentiate into mature granulocytes, was used as a model to examine whether PDE receptors are regulated as cells differentiate in vitro. PDE binding was measured using [20-3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate ([3H]PDBu). Specific binding of [3H]PDBu to the undifferentiated cells was rapid, reversible, and time and concentration related. One class of noncooperative binding sites was found with approximately 3.3 X 10(5) cells, having a Kd of 27.5 nM. [3H]PDBu could be displaced from the binding sites by a series of biologically active PDEs, but not by inactive ones. The characteristics of [3H]PDBu binding to the differentiated HL-60 cells were almost identical to those of the undifferentiated cells, except that there was an increase in the number of binding sites to 9.1 X 10(5) cells. Production of reactive oxygen metabolites by the cells, as monitored by chemiluminescence (CL) in response to PDEs, was examined before and after dimethyl sulfoxide differentiation, to determine if the change in receptor density was accompanied by a change in cell function. Only the differentiated HL-60 cells produced a quantifiable CL response when exposed to PDEs. The potency of the PDEs in causing CL generation was the same as that for displacing [3H]PDBu. The correlation between CL generation and affinity for the binding site suggests that the PDE binding sites mediate this effect of the PDEs and, therefore, are receptors. These studies indicate that HL-60 cells regulate their PDE receptors as they differentiate in vitro, with minimal extracellular influence. This may reflect a portion of an internal mechanism to enhance or change response to an endogenous ligand for the PDE receptor as cells mature.
Low-cost Volumetric Ultrasound by Augmentation of 2D Systems: Design and Prototype (2017)

Conventional two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound imaging is a powerful diagnostic tool in the hands of an experienced user, yet 2D ultrasound remains clinically underutilized and inherently incomplete, with output being very operator dependent. Volumetric ultrasound systems can more fully capture a three-dimensional (3D) region of interest, but current 3D systems require specialized transducers, are prohibitively expensive for many clinical departments, and do not register image orientation with respect to the patient; these systems are designed to provide improved workflow rather than operator independence. This work investigates whether it is possible to add volumetric 3D imaging capability to existing 2D ultrasound systems at minimal cost, providing a practical means of reducing operator dependence in ultrasound. In this paper, we present a low-cost method to make 2D ultrasound systems capable of quality volumetric image acquisition: we present the general system design and image acquisition method, including the use of a probe-mounted orientation sensor, a simple probe fixture prototype, and an offline volume reconstruction technique. We demonstrate initial results of the method, implemented using a Verasonics Vantage research scanner.
Factors Determining the Sound Attenuation Produced by Earphone Sockets (1955)

The factors that determine the sound attenuation provided by earphone sockets are analyzed on the basis of experimental evidence, and an attempt is made to determine the practical limit of sound attenuation attained by earphone sockets, when comfort and sound transmission from the earphone to the ear are taken into consideration. For frequencies below 700 cps the attenuation is limited by the mass of the system and the impedance of the flesh under the earphone cushion. For frequencies above 700 cps bone conduction is the determining factor.
Predicting unsteady blade loads of a wind turbine using RANS and vorticity transport methodologies (2010)

Numerical simulations of the NREL phase VI wind turbine operating in yawed conditions have been performed using two computational methods; one based on the solution of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS) using unstructured overset meshes and one known as the Vorticity Transport Model (VTM) that is based on the solution of the vorticity transport equation. Simulations with and without the instrumentation enclosure that was present during the NREL experiments were performed. It was found that the enclosure influenced the loading significantly at the inboard part of the blade when the blade passed through the wake that was developed by the enclosure. Both the RANS and VTM codes are able to predict well the unsteady and time-averaged aerodynamic loadings on the wind turbine blades at low wind speeds. At high wind speeds, leading-edge flow separation and strong radial flow are observed on the suction surface of the blades, when the blades are at the retreating side of the rotor. Both the RANS and VTM codes provide less accurate predictions of the blade loads. However, at the advancing side of the rotor, the flow is mostly attached to the surface of the blade, and both the RANS and VTM predictions of the blade loads are in good agreement with the measured data.
Learning Multiple Related Tasks using Latent Independent Component Analysis (2005)

We propose a probabilistic model based on Independent Component Analysis for learning multiple related tasks. In our model the task parameters are assumed to be generated from independent sources which account for the relatedness of the tasks. We use Laplace distributions to model hidden sources which makes it possible to identify the hidden, independent components instead of just modeling correlations. Furthermore, our model enjoys a sparsity property which makes it both parsimonious and robust. We also propose efficient algorithms for both empirical Bayes method and point estimation. Our experimental results on two multi-label text classification data sets show that the proposed approach is promising. 1
Refining Satellite Methods for Pitot-Static Calibration (2006)

Nomenclature Fi (x) = error from fit circle to i th data point f, g = generic functions H(x) = optimization cost function h p,c = calibrated pressure altitude h p,i = indicated pressure altitude J (x) = Jacobian matrix pa = ambient pressure ps = (sensed) static pressure Vc = calibrated airspeed Vi = indicated airspeed Vgps = measured groundspeed VT = estimated true airspeed Xi = east–west component of measured ground speed, i th data point Xw = east–west component of estimated wind speed x = estimate state vector Yi = north–south component of measured ground speed, i th data point Yw = north–south component of estimated wind speed hpos = altitude position error p = static source position error Vpos = airspeed position error ψgps = global positioning satellite ground-track azimuth angle ψwind = wind direction
Deep visual gravity vector detection for unmanned aircraft attitude estimation (2017)

This paper demonstrates a feasible method for using a deep neural network as a sensor to estimate the attitude of a flying vehicle using only flight video. A dataset of still images and associated gravity vectors was collected and used to perform supervised learning. The network builds on a previously trained network and was trained to be able to approximate the attitude of the camera with an average error of about 8 degrees. Flight test video was recorded and processed with a relatively simple visual odometry method. The aircraft attitude is then estimated with the visual odometry as the state propagation and network providing the attitude measurement in an extended Kalman filter. Results show that the proposed method of having the neural network provide a gravity vector attitude measurement from the flight imagery reduces the standard deviation of the attitude error by approximately 12 times compared to a baseline approach.
An approach of video VoIP communications using emulated network bandwidth control environment (2011)

The continuous expand of network communications has reached a great level in last years. Internet protocol (IP) has transformed the delivery of content and services over networks. The perspective of lower costs communications had determined a very fast development of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) technologies. Along with voice, VoIP communications channels can transport video streams also. This type of VoIP, known as videoconferencing communications, demands even a higher level of quality of services (QoS) assurance for network resources. The paper is centered on the essential role of basic network bandwidth control within VoIP communications, using as investigation subject IP video calls or videoconferencing communication.
Derivatives of 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone. Part II (1971)

Several 4-[β-(hydroxyaryloxy)ethyl] ethers (I; R1 or R3= OH) of 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone have been made by condensing 4-(β-bromoethoxy)-2-hydroxybenzophenone with monomethyl ethers of quinol or catechol derivatives and demethylating the products obtained. Alternatively, the monomethyl ethers of the dihydric phenols were β-bromoethylated, demethylated, and condensed with 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone. Further instances of polymorphism in dihydroxybenzophenone derivatives have been noted.
qian yi dang an guan li yu zhi shi guan li de guan xi (2011)

随着知识经济时代的形成与发展,知识管理作为一种全新的管理意识和形式,逐渐被人们所认识与关注.在现代档案管理工作中,相关部门和人员一定要深刻认识档案管理与知识管理之间的关系,并且不断加深对于知识管理理论的理解,逐步实现档案管理与知识管理的有机结合,进而有效推动我国档案事业的稳步、健康、持续发展.
<i>N</i>‐butyldeoxygalactonojirimycin reduces neonatal brain ganglioside content in a mouse model of GM1 gangliosidosis (2004)

GM1 gangliosidosis is a glycosphingolipid (GSL) lysosomal storage disease caused by a genetic deficiency of acid beta-galactosidase (beta-gal), the enzyme that catabolyzes GM1 within lysosomes. Accumulation of GM1 and its asialo form (GA1) occurs primarily in the brain, leading to progressive neurodegeneration and brain dysfunction. Substrate reduction therapy aims to decrease the rate of GSL biosynthesis to counterbalance the impaired rate of catabolism. The imino sugar N-butyldeoxygalactonojirimycin (NB-DGJ) is a competitive inhibitor of the ceramide-specific glucosyltransferase that catalyzes the first step in GSL biosynthesis. Neonatal C57BL/6J (B6) and beta-gal knockout (-/-) mice were injected daily from post-natal day 2 (p-2) to p-5 with either vehicle or NB-DGJ at 600 mg or 1200 mg/kg body weight. These drug concentrations significantly reduced total brain ganglioside and GM1 content in the B6 and the beta-gal (-/-) mice. Drug treatment had no significant effect on viability, body weight, brain weight, or brain water content in the B6 and beta-gal (-/-) mice. Significant elevations in neutral lipids (GA1, ceramide, and sphingomyelin) were observed in the NB-DGJ-treated beta-gal (-/-) mice, but were not associated with adverse effects. Also, NB-DGJ treatment of B6 and beta-gal (-/-) mice from p-2 to p-5 had no subsequent effect on brain ganglioside content at p-21. Our results show that NB-DGJ is effective in reducing total brain ganglioside and GM1 content at early neonatal ages. These findings suggest that substrate reduction therapy using NB-DGJ may be an effective early intervention for GM1 gangliosidosis and possibly other GSL lysosomal storage diseases.
A study of the physiology of Sporidesmium bakeri Syd. 1, Nutrition (1960)

The optimum temperature for growth of the fungus Sporidesmiun bakeri Syd., which causes facial eczema disease in sheep, was about 24°C and for spore production about 28°C. The fungus could grow over a wide pH range. The fungus had simple nutritional requirements. Its growth in a synthetic medium was stimulated by the addition of trace metals. Growth factors sometimes increased the rate of growth but did not affect maximum yields in synthetic media. The fungus could utilise pectin, hemicellulose, cellulose, simple carbohydrates and some aromatic acids but grew poorly with aliphatic acids as substrates. Nitrogen present in ammonium, nitrate, or organic compounds was readily utilised. Spores were produced more abundantly on non-defined than on defined media. ?-Amino-n-butyric acid and asparagine favoured spore production by a high-sporing strain in a synthetic medium.
Clemency in California Capital Cases (2009)

This article is a survey of procedures and reasoning involved in California clemency in the context of the death penalty. Though the article is principally descriptive in nature, our analysis includes some prescriptive recommendations. This article grew from a report that we prepared at the request of the California Commission on the Fair Administration of Justice. We undertook a study of clemency in capital cases throughout the years of California’s use of the death penalty. Our goal was to provide the Commission with as much information as possible about the procedures and reasons for granting or denying clemency in capital cases. In addition to researching documentary materials, we also interviewed many individuals who have been involved in capital clemency proceedings and policy.
Comparison of electrical, optical, structural, and interface properties of IZO-Ag-IZO and IZO-Au-IZO multilayer electrodes for organic photovoltaics (2010)

We compared the electrical, optical, structural, and interface properties of indium zinc oxide (IZO)-Ag-IZO and IZO-Au-IZO multilayer electrodes, as well as the dependence of their electrical and optical properties on the thicknesses of the Ag and Au layers when used for organic solar cells (OSCs). Even though all deposition processes were carried out at room temperature, the IZO-Ag (14 nm)-IZO and IZO-Au (12 nm)-IZO multilayer electrodes exhibited extremely low sheet resistances of 4.15 and 5.49 Ω/sq, and resistivities of 3.9×10−5 and 5.5×10−5 Ω cm, respectively. In spite of its similar electrical properties, the optical transmittance of the IZO-Ag-IZO electrode is much higher than that of the IZO-Au-IZO electrode, due to the more effective antireflection effect of Ag than Au in the visible region. In addition, synchrotron x-ray scattering and scanning electron microscopy examinations showed that the structure and morphology of the Ag and Au layers critically depend on their thicknesses. Moreover, the bulk heterojunction OSC fabricated on the IZO-Ag (14 nm)-IZO multilayer electrode exhibited a higher power conversion efficiency than that fabricated on the IZO-Au-IZO layer, due to its higher transmittance in the 300–600 nm wavelength region corresponding to the absorption wavelength region of the organic active layer.
A physiologically-oriented model of tongue activity in speech production. (1974)

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Electrical Engineering. Thesis. 1974. Ph.D.
Polymer-diamond composites based on detonation nanodiamonds. Part 1 (2007)

The paper demonstrates the efficiency of using detonation nanodiamonds in polymer films and rubbers based on composite plastics (glass thread + epoxy resin ED-20), polyamide, fluoroplastic, polyfluorinated elastomers. Adding 1–5 wt % diamond containing mixture to the above-mentioned polymers is shown to provide a 1.5–3.0 times higher rupture strength, enhance attrition resistance and tearing strength by a factor of 2–3, and ensure 30–50% faster polymerization. The use of nanodiamonds has allowed practical implementation of the difficult-to-achieve effect of providing high strength characteristics, while retaining elasticity at the same level as in unfilled elastomers.
Effect of Fly Ash on the Microstructure and Durability of Concrete (1990)

The influence of fly ash on the microstructure and durability of concrete was investigated. It was found that the use of 50% fly ash in concrete reduced greatly its resistance to freezing-and-thawing even though the concrete was well cured and contained an adequate amount of air. On the other hand, the same concrete showed better resistance to sulfate attack. Results from the SEM examination indicated that the decrease in the resistance to freezing-and-thawing might be due to migration of the microcrystalline Ca(OH) 2 and fibrous ettringite from the dense C-S-H zone to the air voids during cycling. However, the improvement in the sulfate resistance might be due to the reduced amount of ettringite in fly ash concrete.
CCR2-Dependent Dendritic Cell Accumulation in the Central Nervous System during Early Effector Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Is Essential for Effector T Cell Restimulation In Situ and Disease Progression (2014)

Dendritic cells (DCs)--although absent from the healthy CNS parenchyma--rapidly accumulate within brain and spinal cord tissue during neuroinflammation associated with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE; a mouse model of multiple sclerosis). Yet, although DCs have been appreciated for their role in initiating adaptive immune responses in peripheral lymphoid organ tissues, how DCs infiltrate the CNS and contribute to ongoing neuroinflammation in situ is poorly understood. In this study, we report the following: 1) CD11c(+) bone marrow-derived DCs and CNS-infiltrating DCs express chemokine receptor CCR2; 2) compared with CCR2(+/+) cells, adoptively transferred CCR2(-/-) bone marrow-derived DCs or DC precursors do not accumulate in the CNS during EAE, despite abundance in blood; 3) CCR2(-/-) DCs show less accumulation in the inflamed CNS in mixed bone marrow chimeras, when compared with CCR2(+/+) DCs; and 4) ablation of CCR2(+/+) DCs during EAE clinical onset delays progression and attenuates cytokine production by infiltrating T cells. Whereas the role of CCR2 in monocyte migration into the CNS has been implicated previously, the role of CCR2 in DC infiltration into the CNS has never been directly addressed. Our data suggest that CCR2-dependent DC recruitment to the CNS during ongoing neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in effector T cell cytokine production and disease progression, and signify that CNS-DCs and circulating DC precursors might be key therapeutic targets for suppressing ongoing neuroinflammation in CNS autoimmune diseases.
Direct evidence that interferon-<i>beta</i> mediates enhanced HLA-class I expression in measles virus-infected cells. (1993)

Viral infection results in enhancement of HLA-class I expression in a number of cell types, including glial cells, which normally do not express these molecules. This enhancement may occur through a direct interaction between a viral component and the HLA-class I gene or indirectly through virus-induced soluble factors produced by infected cells. These include cytokines such as IFN-gamma, IFN-alpha/beta, and TNF-alpha, known to enhance class I expression. Measles virus (MV) infection of a human glioma cell line (U-105 MG) and of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells enhances the expression of HLA-class I molecules on these cells. The enhancement of HLA-class I is dependent on infectious virus, as antibody-neutralized MV has no effect on class I expression. In this study, we demonstrate the presence of an HLA-class I-enhancing factor in supernatants from MV-infected cells. The supernatant class I-enhancing factor is not IFN-gamma, IFN-alpha, or TNF-alpha because MV-infected cells did not produce measurable levels of these cytokines as detected by immunoassay or polymerase chain reaction. In contrast, IFN-beta is produced by the infected cells and the supernatant class I-enhancing factor could be entirely neutralized by antibodies to IFN-beta, but not antibodies to IFN-alpha, TNF-alpha, or non-immune sera. Furthermore, preincubation of cells with neutralizing antibodies to IFN-beta prior to infection blocked MV enhancement of HLA-class I completely in the U-105 MG cells and by as much as 74% in the umbilical vein endothelial cells. The results of these experiments provide direct evidence that enhanced HLA-class I expression in MV-infected cells is mediated primarily by IFN-beta.
Relaxometry, animal biodistribution, and magnetic resonance imaging studies of some new gadolinium (III) macrocyclic phosphinate and phosphonate monoester complexes (1993)

The Gd3+ complexes of three new phosphorus containing tetraaza macrocycles (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrakis (methylene ethylphosphonic acid), H4DOTEP; 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrakis (methylene phosphonic acid monoethylester), H4DOTPME; and the corresponding n-butyl ester, H4DOTPMB) were prepared and examined for possible use as MRI contrast agents. Although thermodynamically and kinetically less stable than Gd(DOTA)- in saline and HSA solution, the stability of these new macrocyclic complexes appears to be sufficiently high for in vivo applications. NMRD relaxivity profiles of the three complexes indicate that the number of inner sphere water molecules for these chelates is < or = 1 and that the more hydrophobic chelate, Gd(DOTPMB), binds to human serum albumin (HSA). Biodistribution studies of the radioactive 153Sm or 159Gd chelates in rats, gamma imaging of the 153Sm chelates in rats, and proton MRI studies of the nonradioactive Gd3+ chelates in rabbits all indicate that the DOTPMB complexes accumulate preferentially in the liver, spleen, and small intestines while the more hydrophilic DOTEP and DOTPME complexes appear to display renal clearances similar to other low molecular weight contrast agents.
Synthesis of an isosteric phosphonate analog of cytidine 5'-monophospho-3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of an isosteric phosphonate analog of cytidine 5'-monophospho-3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acidDaniel W. Norbeck, James B. Kramer, and Paul A. LarteyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 11, 2174–2179Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00387a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00387a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views402Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Highly stable fiber Bragg gratings written in hydrogen-loaded fiber (2000)

We demonstrated that the thermal stability of fiber Bragg gratings written in hydrogen-loaded standard fibers can be significantly enhanced by preirradiating the fiber with UV beam before writing gratings. Our experimental result shows that these gratings maintained more than 60% of their initial index modulation after 10 hours at 605/spl deg/C.