gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clustered DNA damages induced in isolated DNA and in human cells by low doses of ionizing radiation (2000)

Clustered DNA damages-two or more closely spaced damages (strand breaks, abasic sites, or oxidized bases) on opposing strands-are suspects as critical lesions producing lethal and mutagenic effects of ionizing radiation. However, as a result of the lack of methods for measuring damage clusters induced by ionizing radiation in genomic DNA, neither the frequencies of their production by physiological doses of radiation, nor their repairability, nor their biological effects are known. On the basis of methods that we developed for quantitating damages in large DNAs, we have devised and validated a way of measuring ionizing radiation-induced clustered lesions in genomic DNA, including DNA from human cells. DNA is treated with an endonuclease that induces a single-strand cleavage at an oxidized base or abasic site. If there are two closely spaced damages on opposing strands, such cleavage will reduce the size of the DNA on a nondenaturing gel. We show that ionizing radiation does induce clustered DNA damages containing abasic sites, oxidized purines, or oxidized pyrimidines. Further, the frequency of each of these cluster classes is comparable to that of frank double-strand breaks; among all complex damages induced by ionizing radiation, double-strand breaks are only about 20%, with other clustered damage constituting some 80%. We also show that even low doses (0.1-1 Gy) of high linear energy transfer ionizing radiation induce clustered damages in human cells.
Core Concepts in Supramolecular Chemistry and Nanochemistry (2007)

Preface. About the authors. 1 Introduction. 1.1 What is supramolecular chemistry? 1.2 Selectivity. 1.3 Supramolecular interactions. 1.4 Supramolecular design. References. Suggested further reading. 2 Solution host-guest chemistry. 2.1 Introduction: guests in solution. 2.2 Macrocyclic versus acyclic hosts. 2.3 Cation binding. 2.4 Anion binding. 2.5 Metal-containing receptors. 2.6 Simultaneous cation and anion receptors. 2.7 Neutral-molecule binding. 2.8 Supramolecular catalysis and enzyme mimics. References. 3 Self-assembly. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Biological self-assembly. 3.3 Ladders, polygons and helices . 3.4 Rotaxanes, catenanes and knots. 3.5 Self-assembling capsules. References. 4 Solid-state supramolecular chemistry. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Zeolites. 4.3 Clathrates. 4.4 Clathrate hydrates. 4.5 Crystal engineering. 4.6 Coordination polymers. References. 5 Nanochemistry. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Nanomanipulation. 5.3 Molecular devices. 5.4 Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). 5.5 Soft lithography. 5.6 Nanoparticles. 5.7 Fullerenes and nanotubes. 5.8 Dendrimers. 5.9 Fibres, gels and polymers. 5.10 Nanobiology and biomimetic chemistry. References. Index.
One‐pot synthesis of polyfunctionally substituted 2,3‐dihydrothiazoles and thiazolidinones (1990)

Abstract The reaction of phenyl isothiocyanate with the active methylene reagents 1a – e gives the nonisolable 1:1 adducts 2a – e . The latter react with α‐halogenated compounds, e.g. phenacyl bromide, bromoacetyl bromide, chloroacetone, chloroacetonitrile and some hydrazonoyl halides to give the corresponding polyfunctionally substituted 2,3‐dihydrothiazoles or thiazolidinone ring systems.
Evaluación clínico-radiográfica del éxito y supervivencia de implantes dentales con tratamiento de superficie e implantes con superficie torneada (2012)

espanolEl objetivo principal del estudio fue evaluar la influencia del tratamiento de superficie del implante en el exito y supervivencia de estos. Se evaluaron 24 pacientes que presentaban un total de 74 implantes dentales oseointegrados, 19 con superficie torneada y 55 superficie RBM® (Lifecore® Biomedical, Chaska, Minn). Los resultados obtenidos fueron una tasa de supervivencia de 98.18% para los implantes de superficie RBM®, 100% para los de superficie lisa y para el total de implantes 98.65%. La tasa de exito para los implantes de superficie lisa fue 63.16%, para los de superficie RBM® 70.91% y para el total de implantes 68.92%; sin encontrar diferencias estadisticamente significativas entre estas. La perdida osea fue 1.82mm para los implantes de superficie torneada y 1.34mm para los de superficie RBM®, encontrandose esta diferencia estadisticamente significativa. Los resultados obtenidos indican que los implantes con superficie RBM® a comparacion de los implantes con superficie torneada, presentan ventajas con respecto a la perdida osea marginal. Tambien se observo que la variable que mayor influencia ejerce sobre la perdida osea marginal y el exito del implante es el momento de la carga. EnglishThe principal aim of our study was to evaluate the survival and success rate of implants with treated surface (RBM®) and machined surface implants. 24 patients treated with 74 dental implants were evaluated. 19 machined surface implants and 55 RBM® surface implants (Lifecore® Biomedical, Chaska, Minn). The results were a survival rate of 98.18 % for RBM® implants, 100% for machined or smooth surface and 98.65 % and for the whole of implants. The success rate for smooth implants was 63.16% for RBM® implants was 70.91% and for the whole of implants was 68.92%. These results were not significantly different. However, peri-implant bone loss was significantly different between smooth implants (1.82mm) and RBM® implants 1.34. The results indicate that implants RBM present advantages with regard to the marginal bone loss. Also was observed that the load time is the variable that major influence has on the marginal bone loss and the implant success.
Feedback strategies for white Gaussian interference networks (2002)

A white Gaussian interference network is a channel with T transmitters and R receivers where the received symbols are linear combinations of the transmitted symbols and white Gaussian noise. This paper considers the case where K messages are transmitted through the network in a point-to-point manner, i.e., each message is encoded by exactly one transmitter and is destined for exactly one receiver. It is further assumed that feedback is available so that each transmitter sees the outputs of the receivers to which it is sending messages. Communication strategies based on the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) are developed that perform well for such networks. For multiple-access channels (K=T, R=1) with equal transmitter powers the strategies achieve the feedback sum-rate capacity if the powers are beyond some threshold. For the same channels with fixed transmitter powers and large K, the achievable sum-rate is approximately (log log K)/2 larger than the sum-rate capacity without feedback. For broadcast channels (T=1, K=R) with strong symmetries, the strategies achieve a monotonically increasing sum-rate with K. For interference channels (K=T=R) with strong interference, the strategies significantly enlarge the no-feedback capacity region by "correlation routing.".
Tequila Processing and Flavor (2012)

The alcoholic beverage tequila has gained popularity all around the world, due to its disctinctive flavor and aorma. Such characteristics are the result of a process that has been developed over almost five hudred years. Not much is known on the formation of flavor during the different processing steps performed to obtain tequila in its different types, and much more research is needed in order to better understand, improve and control the flavor of tequila. This chapter discusses the knowledge to date on the volatile flavor compounds that are originated during tequila production.
Update on Alzheimer Drugs (Galantamine) (2003)

Galantamine is a valuable addition to agents available for the pharmacologic treatment of AD.
606. Molecular rearrangements. Part II. 2 : 6-Disubstituted N-chloroacetanilides (1958)

C. Beard and W. J. Hickinbottom, J. Chem. Soc., 1958, 2982 DOI: 10.1039/JR9580002982
Bacteremia Caused by Staphylococci with Inducible Vancomycin Heteroresistance (1999)

The clinical significance of bacteremia due to vancomycin-heteroresistant staphylococci and a rapid laboratory screening method were examined; 203 strains of staphylococci isolated from patients with clinically significant bacteremia were screened by the disk-agar method with use of vancomycin-salt agar to demonstrate satellitism around an aztreonam disk as well as by conventional population screening. Eighteen isolates (three Staphylococcus aureus and 15 coagulase-negative staphylococci) were shown to be heteroresistant to vancomycin. A case-control clinical study showed that the interval between admission and bacteremia, admission to the intensive care unit, prior use of vancomycin and/or beta-lactams, and isolation of methicillin-resistant staphylococci were significantly more common among patients with bacteremia due to staphylococci with heteroresistance to vancomycin; these patients had an overall mortality of 44.4%. The use of vancomycin and admission to the intensive care unit were independently significant risk factors on multivariate analysis. Vancomycin heteroresistance is inducible by salt and beta-lactams. Indiscriminate sequential use of beta-lactams and glycopeptides may facilitate the emergence of glycopeptide resistance.
The use of overlapped subarray techniques in simultaneous receive beam linear arrays (1984)

A linear array of antennas connected to an appropriate beam-forming matrix or having outputs processed digitally to yield a spatial Fourier analysis allows great flexibility for multiple-beam reception in a HF radar. However, for large numbers of elements the cost becomes unmanageable. Subarraying the elements reduces the degrees of freedom and hence the cost but introduces difficulties with grating lobe effects. A design approach is developed which uses steerable subarrays whose outputs are used to develop multiple simultaneous beams lying within the envelope of the subarray pattern. The combination of amplitude taper within the subarrays and overlap o the subarrays can be used in a systematic way to realise simultaneous beams having an equiripple sidelobe structure of specified level below the beam maximum. A design process is developed and illustrated by typical applications.
Relation of the baroreflex mechanism with the photoplethysmographic volume in healthy humans during orthostatism. (2015)

The sequence method showed a strong baroreflex effect upon peripheral blood volume that became more apparent during sympathetic stimulation with orthostatism. This approach could be clinically useful for the evaluation of blood volume regulation for many diseases such as diabetes mellitus and heart failure, and during therapeutic interventions such as hemodialysis.
Comparative Study of the Working Mechanisms of Different Cement Fluid Loss Polymers (2009)

Abstract Oil well cementing uses a variety of chemically different fluid loss polymers, depending on the specific well conditions. In this study, the working mechanisms of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene imine (PEI) and CaATBS-co-NNDMA cement fluid loss additives were investigated. These polymers were selected due to their distinctively different chemical structures. PVA works by reducing filter-cake permeability through coalescence of hydrated PVA microgel particles which then form a polymer film. At temperatures &gt; 38°C, non-crosslinked PVA starts to dissolve in water. Thus, above this temperature, film formation is no longer possible and fluid loss control is not achieved. Addition of AFS dispersant extends the temperature range at which PVA works from 38°C to about 60°C. The reason behind is that the more anionic and higher soluble AFS prevents PVA from dissolving. PEI, when used on its own, provides only poor fluid loss control. Its effectiveness is greatly enhanced by the addition of a minor amount of AFS dispersant. Charge titration experiments demonstrate that, when combined in the proper ratio, PEI and the AFS dispersant form a insoluble polyelectrolyte complex which effectively plugs the pores of the filter cake. To achieve optimum performance, PEI and AFS need to be pre-dissolved in the mixing water of the cement slurry to allow the complex to form quantitatively. In contrast to PVA and PEI, CaATBS-co-NNDMA works by adsorption onto the positively charged surfaces of cement hydrate phases, especially ettringite. Other anionic compounds, e.g. AFS dispersant or even sulfate released from the cement, can interfere with its adsorption and thus reduce its effectiveness through a competitive adsorption mechanism. Therefore, CaATBS-co-NNDMA should not be combined with admixtures which possess high anionic charge density.
Novel polycationic micelles for drug delivery and gene transfer (2008)

A series of amphiphilic cationic methoxy polyethylene glycol-b-poly{N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]methacrylamide-co-[2-hydroxylethylmethacrylate-poly(ε-caprolactone)]} {MPEG-b-P[NDAPM-co-(HEMA-PCL)]} polymers were synthesized by combining reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and the macromonomer method. The resulting polymers were able to self-assemble into micelles in water with a critical micellar concentration (CMC) in the range of 10–30 mg L−1 and the CMC increased with the decrease in the PCL block content. It was found that the resulting polymers were able to form electrostatic complexes with plasmid DNA. The polymer–DNA complexes did not show apparent cytotoxicity in 293T cells. Importantly, the complexes exhibited good transfection efficiency in 293T cells at certain N/P ratios, while doxorubicin-loaded polymeric micelles also displayed controlled drug release. Besides, confocal microscopy showed that the drug and gene simultaneously carried by the cationic micelles could be delivered into the same cells, suggesting great potential for achieving the synergistic effect of drug and gene therapies.
Identification of the gene encoding the activator of(<i>R</i>)‐2‐hydroxyglutaryl‐CoA dehydratase from <i>Acidaminococcus fermentans</i> by gene expression in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1993)

(R)-2-Hydroxyglutaryl-CoA dehydratase (HGDA/B) from Acidaminococcus fermentans requires an activator protein for activity. This activator (HGDC) has not yet been purified from its natural source due to its low concentration combined with an extreme sensitivity towards oxygen. Gene expression in Escherichia coli identified an open reading frame (780 bp) as the gene encoding HGDC. Dehydratase activity was stimulated at least tenfold by cell-free extracts of E. coli cells transformed with a plasmid carrying hgdC. On the chromosome the hgdC gene is located just before hgdA and hgdB.
Characterization of lactococcal bacteriophages from Quebec cheese plants (1992)

This is the first study on the characterization of lactococcal phages isolated in Canada. Thirty lactococcal phages were isolated from Quebec cheese plants reporting partial loss of starter activity. Phages were characterized by electron microscopy, DNA homology, protein profile, and host range. All phages belonged to the Siphoviridae family. Seventeen phages (57%) has prolate heads (60 × 40 nm) and 100 nm long, noncontractile tails (morphotype B2, species c2). They showed strong DNA homology with other prolate-headed phages isolated from other countries (Australia, United States). In addition to normal prolate phages, most lysates contained pairs of empty heads (no DNA) connected by a small bridge. Thirteen phages (43%) had small isometric heads (55 nm in diameter) and long, noncontractile tails (morphotype B1). Based on DNA homology, 11 of these phages were found related to phage species 936 despite differences in tail length (140 to 200 nm). The two other small isometric phages, UL36 and UL39, hybridized with phage P335 DNA, and therefore belong to this species. No DNA homology was observed between prolate and small isometric phages. Phages with prolate heads showed a broader host range than small isometric-headed phages. The DNA of phage UL36, which has a relatively narrow host range, has more restriction endonuclease sites than other lactococcal bacteriophages. Key words: lactococci, bacteriophage, taxonomy, cheese, whey.
Disk read-write optimizations and data integrity in transaction systems using write-ahead logging (2002)

We discuss several disk read-write optimizations that are implemented in different transaction systems and disk hardware to improve performance. These include: (1) when multiple sectors are written to disk, the sectors may be written out of sequence (SCSI disk interfaces do this). (2) Avoiding initializing pages on disk when a file is extended. (3) Not accessing individual pages during a mass delete operation (e.g., dropping an index from a file which contains multiple indexes). (4) Permitting a previously deallocated page to be reallocated without the need to read the deallocated version of the page from disk during its reallocation. (5) Purging of file pages from the buffer pool during a file erase operation (e.g., a table drop). (6) Avoiding logging for bulk operations like index create. We consider a system which implements the above optimizations and in which a page consists of multiple disk sectors and recovery is based on write-ahead logging using a log sequence number on every page. For such a system, we present a simple method for guaranteeing the detection of the partial disk write of a page. Detecting partial writes is very important not only to ensure data integrity from the users' viewpoint but also to make the transaction system software work correctly. Once a partial write is detected, it is easy to recover such a page using media recovery techniques. Our method imposes minimal CPU and space overheads. It has been implemented in DB2/6000 and ADSM.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Rapid Pulsed Field Capillary Electrophoretic Separation of Megabase Nucleic Acids (1995)

Pulsed field capillary electrophoresis in ultradilute solutions of sieving polymers has been used to separate nucleic acid fragments as long as 1.6 million base pairs. Hydroxyethyl cellulose solutions are used for separations in the size range 8000-50,000 base pairs. Longer chain nucleic acids are separated in mixed hydroxyethyl cellulose/poly(ethylene oxide) solutions. Separations are rapid (12-13 min).
Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Linear β‐Amino Alcohols (2008)

Beta-amino alcohols derived from alpha-amino acids have been extensively used as a powerful source of chirality. Transforming the alcohol moiety into a good leaving group has allowed the rearrangement of these beta-amino alcohols and the introduction of a large number of nucleophiles through the anchimeric participation of the nitrogen atom. An overview on the recent progress realized on the rearrangement of these beta-amino alcohols in the presence of (CF(3)CO)(2)O and H(2)SO(4) is reported.
A Demonstration Project for Biomass Gasification and Power Generation in China (2001)

This chapter contains section titled: Introduction Design Scheme Budget Preliminary Results Cost-Benefit Analysis Discussion Summary Literature
A spontaneous hemadsorption-negative mutant of Mycoplasma pneumoniae exhibits a truncated adhesin-related 30-kilodalton protein and lacks the cytadherence-accessory protein HMW1 (1995)

A spontaneous, hemadsorption-negative mutant of Mycoplasma pneumoniae lacks the cytoskeleton-forming HMW1 protein and exhibits a truncated adhesin-related 30-kDa protein. Genetic analyses revealed deletion of one nucleotide in the hmw1 gene and loss of eight repeated sequences comprising 144 nucleotides in the gene for the adhesin-related 30-kDa protein.
Commercial Application of Novel FDFCC Grid Packing Type Stripper (2007)

包装剥离器的新奇 FDFCC 格子被用来提高设备的脱衣的效率。这种技术试图增加煤气固体的接触区域并且改进煤气固体的接触效率。这种技术被使用了在 1.05 Mt/a 号码 1 FCC 在西诺佩克·昌灵·布朗奇公司联合起来修理。这台设备的申请上的结果表明了剥离器的使液化是结合的马厩光滑的操作。在 FCC 单位的重组在设备重组前与盒子相比在 8.1% 减少了以后，在剥去花的催化剂有的不到 50% 设计价值的负担的一口蒸气，更低的 H/C 比率，和氢在焦炭满足。花的催化剂与超过 0.5% 减少的干燥气体和焦炭收益举办了更高的活动，导致好经济好处。
Aromatic electron donor-acceptor interactions in novel supramolecular assemblies (2006)

I would like to thank my advisor, Professor Brent Iverson, for his years of guidance, patience, and support.The lessons he has taught, often by example, in chemistry, teaching, communication, thinking, perseverance, priorities, and the power of a positive attitude have made me a better scientist and a
Interleukin-23–Expressing Bone Marrow–Derived Neural Stem-Like Cells Exhibit Antitumor Activity against Intracranial Glioma (2006)

Neural progenitor-like cells have been isolated from bone marrow and the cells have the ability of tracking intracranial tumor. However, the capacity of the cells to deliver molecules for activating immune response against intracranial tumor and the identity of cellular and molecular factors that are involved in such immune responses have yet to be elucidated. Here, we isolated neural stem-like cells from the bone marrow of adult mice. The isolated cells were capable of producing progenies of three lineages, neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, in vitro and tracking glioma in vivo. By genetically manipulating bone marrow-derived neural stem-like cells (BM-NSC) to express a recently discovered cytokine, interleukin (IL)-23, the cells showed protective effects in intracranial tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice. Depletion of subpopulation lymphocytes showed that CD8(+) T cells were critical for the antitumor immunity of IL-23-expressing BM-NSCs and that CD4(+) T cells and natural killer (NK) cells participated in the activity. Furthermore, the IL-23-expressing BM-NSC-treated survivors were resistant to the same tumor rechallenge associated with enhanced IFN-gamma, but not IL-17, expression in the brain tissue. Taken together, these data suggest that IL-23-expressing BM-NSCs can effectively induce antitumor immunity against intracranial gliomas. CD8(+) T cells are critical for such antitumor activity; in addition, CD4(+) T cells and NK cells are also involved.
Application of a hardface coating with CO2 and CW Nd:YAG lasers (1991)

The ability of a laser to generate and develop high energy densities has been useful in the application of hardface coatings. Compared to conventional welding processes, the laser process has superior control over dilution, coating thickness, and placement accuracy. The industrial laser used has typically been the CO2. The economics of its acquisition and operation made laser-applied coatings economically feasible for production application in a number of situations.The long wavelength light from the CO2 laser is not efficiently coupled into the molten hardface metal, however. A shorter wavelength light laser would be expected to be more efficient in this respect. Nd:YAG lasers have light output that is one order of magnitude shorter than the CO2, although the typical Nd:YAG laser is designed for a pulsed output of high peak power but low average power, making them impractical for this application. Recently, however, high power CW Nd:YAG equipment has become available. The CW output is in the realm of the CO2 and the economics of acquisition and operation are comparable as well. A comparison of coating efficiency can now be made between the two laser types.Parameters that were effective in producing a quality hardface coating with a CO2 laser were performed with a CW Nd:YAG laser. It was found that substantially less YAG laser power was required to produce identical hardface coating results.