gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abnormal fMRI Response of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognitively Intact Siblings of Patients With Schizophrenia (2003)

These fMRI data provide direct evidence of a primary physiological abnormality in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex function in individuals at greater genetic risk for schizophrenia, even in the absence of a manifest cognitive abnormality. This exaggerated fMRI response implicates inefficient processing of memory information at the level of intrinsic prefrontal circuitry, similar to earlier findings in patients with schizophrenia. These data predict that inheritance of alleles that contribute to inefficient prefrontal information processing will increase risk for schizophrenia.
Unusual complications of ballooned feeding tubes. (2002)

Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) and Feeding Jejunostomy (FJ) with a Foley catheter are well-established techniques for providing long-term nutritional support. Mechanical complications of these procedures are well recognised. We report two unusual complications of feeding tubes related to the balloon. Patient 1: A 23 years old female cerebral palsy patient had a PEG tube changed to a ballooned gastrostomy tube. Following this she developed abdominal cramps, vomiting and later on haematemesis. Contrast study showed migration of the balloon causing pyloric obstruction and a small prepyloric ulcer. Partially deflating the balloon and pulling it back to the original position corrected this. Patient 2: A 39 years old male cerebral palsy patient with a Foley catheter feeding jejunostomy developed obstructive symptoms within 48 hours of surgery. The balloon was deflated repeatedly without resolution. The catheter was impossible to withdraw and irrigate. Contrast instilled via the balloon channel demonstrated that the catheter was significantly stretched and the balloon was in terminal ileum. The balloon was fully deflated and easily withdrawn to be replaced with uninflated Foley catheter. Enteral feeding was easily reestablished. If a patient with a ballooned feeding tube develops intestinal symptoms balloon complications should be suspected. Contrast study through the feeding channel or balloon inflation channel is useful in diagnosing tube related complication. The threshold for imaging should be low, particularly in patients who are difficult to assess clinically.
NONLINEAR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF KTaO3 NEAR ITS CURIE POINT (1963)

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Brain activity and language assessment using event-related potentials: development of a clinical protocol (1999)

To test the validity of a new computerized task to assess children's receptive vocabulary, event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 56 typically developing children ranging in age from 5 to 12 years. This ERP-computerized vocabulary task does not require a child to give a verbal or motor (i.e. pointing) response. Single pictures, from an existing standardized test of receptive vocabulary, were presented on a computer screen and simultaneously named either correctly (congruent) or incorrectly (incongruent) via a computer. As predicted, the N400 amplitude was found to be significantly higher to the incongruent picture-word pair (i.e. the child knew it was an incorrect pairing) than to the congruent picture-word pair (i.e. the child knew it was a correct pairing). This effect was found for each of the four age groups (5 to 6 years, 7 to 8 years, 9 to 10 years, 11 to 12 years). This task accurately estimated current receptive vocabulary in typically developing children. Although still in the development stage, it may eventually serve as an adjunct to a thorough neurological and neurodevelopmental assessment of some children presenting with moderate to severe cerebral palsy.
AITVS: Advanced Interactive Traffic Visualization System (2006)

Transportation and the highway network form the backbone of the total public infrastructure system. As such, planning and monitoring for an effective transportation system is crucial in the building and maintenance of a region’s economy and safety. However, demand for road travel continues to expand as population increases (particularly in the metropolitan areas) while new constructions have not kept pace. According to the Federal Highway Administration, it is forecasted that the volume of freight movement alone is to nearly double by 2020 [1]. Congestion and looming gridlock crises seriously threaten any region’s mobility, safety and economic vitality. A crucial component in addressing these concerns is the development of specific technologies to monitor, model, and optimize traffic flow.
Differential role of CD133 and CXCR4 in renal cell carcinoma (2010)

The chemokine receptor CXCR4 and CD133, putative stem cell markers, were previously described in renal cancer (RCC). To evaluate the biological and prognostic role of CD133 and CXCR4 in RCC the expression was evaluated through qPCR and immunoblotting in human renal cancer cell lines (786-O, A498, ACHN, CAKI-1, SN12C, TK10, UO31) and patients biopsies. Renal cancer cells and surgical biopsies expressed functional CXCR4 while CD133 was not detectable. CXCR4 and CD133 expression was then evaluated in 240 renal cancer patients through immunohistochemistry. CXCR4 and CD133 were low in 19.1% and 59.6%; intermediate in 20% and 17.9%; high in 60.8% and 22.5% of the cases, respectively. CXCR4 was overexpressed in tumours (p= 0.02), while CD133 was over expressed in healthy tissues (p= 0.04). Disease free survival Kaplan Meier plots suggest that prognosis is unfavourable for patients whose primary tumours express CXCR4 (p= 0.0199) but nor CD133 (p= 0.151) neither the concomitant CXCR4-CD133 (p=0.848) high expression affected prognosis. Analysis of prognostic factors suggests that age, clinical presentation, AJCC stage and CXCR4 had a significant prognostic value at the univariate analysis. The CXCR4 predictive ability was confirmed at the multivariate analysis while no prognostic role was identified for CD133.Thus concomitant CD133 and CXCR4 evaluation is not worth in RCC patient while the CXCR4 prognostic role encourage CXCR4 antagonists as promising therapeutic option.
Changes in the glutathione content and breadmaking performance of white wheat flour during short-term storage. (1996)

White flour milled from grain of the hard bread wheat cv. Mercia was stored at 20°C and used to monitor changes in the contents of free reduced glutathione (GSH), free oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and protein-glutathione mixed disulphides (PSSG). GSH levels fell from 149 to 85 nmol/g of flour during the first 10 days of storage, and they remained constant thereafter up to 40 days of storage. The breadmaking performance of the flour increased concomitantly with the fall in GSH content during the first 10 days of storage and again remained constant up to 40 days. The fall in GSH levels could not be accounted for in terms of either simple oxidation to GSSG or the formation of PSSG because glutathione levels in these two pools also fell during the initial 10-day period. The results indicate that the changes in glutathione levels in all three pools are closely related temporally to changes in breadmaking performance during the short-term storage of white flour. The nature of the reactions that lead to the drop in glutathione levels remains to be elucidated.
Highly-reliable ultra-thin oxide formation using hydrogen-radical-balanced steam oxidation technology (1994)

A new oxide formation technology featuring oxidation in a strongly reductive ambient followed by an Ar gas annealing has been developed. We call this oxidation method H/sup */-H/sub 2/O oxidation. In this oxidation process, only the strong Si-O bond which is perfectly resistant even to the strongly reductive ambient survives and a high integrity oxide film can be grown. From the results of the breakdown tests by stepped voltage (E/sub BD/) and constant current stress (Q/sub BD/), the gate voltage shift (Vg shift) measurement under constant current stress, and the stress induced leakage current test, it has been revealed that the thin oxide film featuring high-integrity in breakdown and strong immunity from electrical stress is obtained by H/sup */-H/sub 2/O oxidation with post-oxidation-annealing in Ar ambient. This oxidation method is effective to form the thin oxide used under high electric field condition such as a tunnel oxide for flash memories.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A multiparameter approach to monitor disease activity in collagen-induced arthritis (2010)

Our analyses revealed that clinical scoring, combined with serum MMP-3, anti-collagen IgG2a measurement and scoring of X-ray and micro-CT images, yields a comprehensive insight into the different aspects of disease activity in CIA.
Extracranial Vascular Responses to Sublingual Nitroglycerin and Oxygen Inhalation in Cluster Headache Patients (1985)

SYNOPSIS Photoplethysmography was used to record pulsations from the superficial temporal artery and supraorbital region in 23 patients suffering from cluster headaches, in 10 patients between bouts of headache, and in 10 control subjects. Pulsations were measured before and after the administration of 0.9 mg nitroglycerin sublingually, at the onset and height of cluster attacks and after inhalation of 100% oxygen for 10 minutes. Following nitroglycerin administration, increases in superficial temporal artery pulsations were greater on the symptomatic than on the nonsymptomatic side in patients who later developed headache. This persisted during cluster headache. By contrast, the increase in superficial temporal artery pulsations was greater on the nonsymptomatic side in patients who did not develop headache. The cause of this paradoxical response is unclear. Inhalation of oxygen produced significantly greater reduction of supraorbital pulsations on the symptomatic side in patients with headache. Decreases in both arterial territories following oxygen inhalation were significantly greater during cluster headache than between bouts or than in control subjects.
Geminal Phosphorus/Aluminum‐Based Frustrated Lewis Pairs: CH versus CC Activation and CO<sub>2</sub> Fixation (2011)

Catch it! Geminal phosphorus/aluminum-based frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) are easily obtained by hydroalumination of alkynylphosphines. These FLPs can activate terminal acetylenes by two competitive pathways, which were analyzed by DFT calculations, and they can bind carbon dioxide reversibly. Therefore, alongside polyfluorinated boranes, alanes are also ideal Lewis acids for FLP chemistry. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
p38 MAPK-Mediated Bmi-1 Down-Regulation and Defective Proliferation in ATM-Deficient Neural Stem Cells Can Be Restored by Akt Activation (2011)

A-T (ataxia telangiectasia) is a genetic disease caused by a mutation in the Atm (A-T mutated) gene that leads to neurodegeneration. Despite an increase in the numbers of studies in this area in recent years, the mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in human A-T are still poorly understood. Previous studies demonstrated that neural stem cells (NSCs) isolated from the subventricular zone (SVZ) of Atm(-/-) mouse brains show defective self-renewal and proliferation, which is accompanied by activation of chronic p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and a lower level of the polycomb protein Bmi-1. However, the mechanism underlying Bmi-1 down-regulation and its relevance to defective proliferation in Atm(-/-) NSCs remained unclear. Here, we show that over-expression of Bmi-1 increases self-renewal and proliferation of Atm(-/-) NSCs to normal, indicating that defective proliferation in Atm(-/-) NSCs is a consequence of down-regulation of Bmi-1. We also demonstrate that epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced Akt phosphorylation renders Bmi-1 resistant to the proteasomal degradation, leading to its stabilization and accumulation in the nucleus. However, inhibition of the Akt-dependent Bmi-1 stabilizing process by p38 MAPK signaling reduces the levels of Bmi-1. Treatment of the Atm(-/-) NSCs with a specific p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 extended Bmi-1 posttranscriptional turnover and H2A ubiquitination in Atm(-/-) NSCs. Our observations demonstrate the molecular basis underlying the impairment of self-renewal and proliferation in Atm(-/-) NSCs through the p38 MAPK-Akt-Bmi-1-p21 signaling pathway.
Two genome sequences of the same bacterial strain, Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAl 5, suggest a new standard in genome sequence submission (2010)

Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAl 5 is of agricultural significance due to its ability to provide fixed nitrogen to plants. Consequently, its genome sequence has been eagerly anticipated to enhance understanding of endophytic nitrogen fixation. Two groups have sequenced the PAl 5 genome from the same source (ATCC 49037), though the resulting sequences contain a surprisingly high number of differences. Therefore, an optical map of PAl 5 was constructed in order to determine which genome assembly more closely resembles the chromosomal DNA by aligning each sequence against a physical map of the genome. While one sequence aligned very well, over 98% of the second sequence contained numerous rearrangements. The many differences observed between these two genome sequences could be owing to either assembly errors or rapid evolutionary divergence. The extent of the differences derived from sequence assembly errors could be assessed if the raw sequencing reads were provided by both genome centers at the time of genome sequence submission. Hence, a new genome sequence standard is proposed whereby the investigator supplies the raw reads along with the closed sequence so that the community can make more accurate judgments on whether differences observed in a single stain may be of biological origin or are simply caused by differences in genome assembly procedures.
Delay Time Analysis of AlGaN/GaN Heterojunction Field-Effect Transistors with AlN or SiN Surface Passivation (2009)

We have carried out delay time analysis for the high-frequency characteristics of AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field-effect transistors (HFETs) on sapphire substrates, focusing on a comparison between the effects of AlN and SiN surface passivation. HFETs with AlN passivation, in comparison with those with SiN passivation, exhibit high current gain cut-off frequencies fT with good flatness, in accordance with high intrinsic transconductance due to the self-heating reduction effect of AlN. From the delay time analysis, we find that the effective saturation electron velocity for AlN and SiN passivation is similar, while the electron mobility under the gate for AlN passivation is higher. This implies that the higher fT is mainly due to the higher electron mobility under the gate owing to the self-heating reduction by AlN passivation. This is consistent with the fact that the saturation velocity has a weak temperature dependence, while the mobility has a strong dependence.
The role of tonicity in human isohemagglutination (1907)

As was shown by Landsteiner and others, human bloods fall into three rather definite groups as regards isohemagglutination. The serum of members of group I agglutinate the corpuscles of groups II and III, but the corpuscles of group I are not agglutinated by any foreign human serum; members of group II agglutinate group III and are agglutinated by them; serum of members of group III agglutinate corpuscles of group II. Individuals in groups II and III, respectively, do not interagglutinate. It was found that constant relative differences in tonicity were present between these isoagglutinating groups, as was determined by the varying resistance, to hypotonic salt solutions, by the corpuscles of members of the respective groups, and by testing the tonicity of the various corresponding sera. Thus the tonicity of bloods of group I is found uniformly higher than that of bloods of groups II and III; bloods belonging to group II are higher in tonicity than those of group III. Simple hypertonic solutions of CaCl2, but more particularly solutions hypertonic both in respect to NaCl and CaCl2, produce a cohesion of human blood after several hours, that suggests isohemagglutination. It is evident that hypertonicity alone, as regards total molecular concentration of all the substances present in serum, cannot account entirely for human isohemagglutination; although group II sera would agglutinate group III corpuscles, group III sera could not agglutinate group II corpuscles, as is the case. Relative differences in concentration of one or several salts or colloids could account for all the phenomena, as a given blood might be of higher molecular concentration in respect, say, to CaCl2, and yet in total concentration be inferior to another blood, which it agglutinates. It may be shown that when a serum of group I agglutinates a member of group 11, and another of group 111, the agglutinating power is apparently specific for each, as may be proved not only by ordinary absorption methods, but also by working with an “agglutinin” bound to the cells and then split off by heat to 50° C. (Landsteiner).
Mass-Produced Nanogap Sensor Arrays for Ultrasensitive Detection of DNA (2009)

In this report, an electrical detection scheme for the quantification of DNA using a nanogap sensor array is detailed. The prime objective is to develop a novel sensing procedure, based on the electronic transduction mechanism, which would mitigate the problems intrinsic to nanostructure-based biosensing devices. Design considerations of the sensor array take into account the feasibility of mass production in a cost-effective way by using standard silicon microfabrication technologies. The sensing mechanism relies on bridging the nanogap upon hybridization of the two termini of a target DNA with two different surface-bound capture probes, followed by a simple metallization step. About 2 orders of magnitude enhancement in conductance, as referred to a clean background (<1.0 pS) observed at a control sensor, was obtained in the presence of as little as 1.0 fM target DNA. This sensitivity is comparable to the best of electrochemical/electrical biosensors. A linear relationship between the conductance and the DNA concentration was obtained from 1.0 fM to 1.0 pM with an exceptional signal intensity of 2.1 x 10(4)% change per unit concentration. This change in conductivity is so large that it can unambiguously detect the concentration of DNA quantitatively and may obviate the need for target amplification used in current DNA tests. Moreover, the sensor array exhibited excellent single-base mismatch discrimination due to its unique vertically aligned nanostructure and the two-probe configuration.
Synthesis and characterization of new light‐emitting copolymers in polymeric‐light‐emitting‐diode device fabrications (2004)

Abstract A series of thiophene‐containing photoactive copolymers consisting of alternating conjugated and nonconjugated segments were synthesized. The 1 H NMR spectra corroborated the well‐defined structures, and the copolymers not only were soluble in common organic solvents but also had high glass‐transition temperatures (ca. 130 °C) and good thermal stability up to 390 °C. Introducing aliphatic functional groups, such as alkyl or alkoxyl, into chromophores of the copolymers redshifted the photoluminescence spectra and lowered the optical bandgaps. The electrochemical bandgaps calculated from cyclic voltammetry agreed with the optical bandgaps and thus indicated that electroluminescence and photoluminescence originated from the same excited state. The energy levels (highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) of all the copolymers were lower than those of poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(2′‐ethylhexyloxy)‐1.4‐phenylenevinylene] MEH–PPV, indicating balanced hole and electron injection, which led to improved performance in both single‐layer and double‐layer polymeric‐light‐emitting‐diode devices fabricated with these copolymers. All the copolymers emitted bluish‐green or green light above the threshold bias of 5.0 V under ambient conditions. At the maximum bias of 10 V, the electroluminescence of a device made of poly(2‐{4‐[2‐(3‐ethoxy phenyl)ethylene]phenyl}‐5‐{4‐[2‐(3‐ethoxy,4‐1,8‐octanedioxy phenyl)ethylene]phenyl}thiophene) was 5836 cd/m 2 . The external electroluminescence efficiency decreased with the lifetime as the polymer degraded. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 3954–3966, 2004
A versatile stacked storage capacitor on FLOTOX cell for megabit NVRAM's (1992)

A versatile stacked storage capacitor on FLOTOX (SCF) structure is proposed for a megabit nonvolatile DRAM (NV-DRAM) cell that has all the features required for NVRAMs. The SCF structure realizes a 30.94- mu m/sup 2/ NV-DRAM cell with 0.8- mu m design rules and allows an innovative flash store/recall (DRAM to EEPROM/EEPROM to DRAM) operation that does not disturb original data in DRAM or EEPROM. This store operation is completed in less than 10 ms. The single cell shows excellent reliability such as store endurance greater than 10/sup 6/ cycles and EEPROM data retention in excess of 10 years under high storage temperatures of 150 degrees C and DRAM write operation at 85 degrees C. The SCF cell has been successfully implemented into the 1 Mb NVRAM.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High-performance membrane dialyzers (2011)

Dialyzers today are developed with high permeability and biocompatibility in mind, even though the definition of these so-called high-flux dialyzers remains controversial. In the Japanese reimbursement system, dialyzers are divided into five types, ranging from I to V, in accordance with their clearance for beta2-microglobulin (beta2-MG). Classes IV and V (beta2-MG clearance greater or equal to 50 and 70 ml/min, respectively, at a blood flow rate of 200 ml/min) are the most common ones, used in more than 90% of Japanese dialysis patients. Membranes used in types IV and V dialyzers are called high-performance membranes (HPMs) and are characterized by an exceptionally high flux rate, permeability and biocompatibility. The book at hand covers all aspects of these HPM dialyzers, including their definitions and characteristics, clinical experiences and basic investigations. Moreover, historical HPMs and several membranes with special characteristics that are not categorized into classes IV or V are discussed.Providing a summary of commercially available HPM dialyzers, this publication not only serves as a textbook for those interested in state-of the-art dialysis treatment, but is also a concise database of the products available
Phase 1b study evaluating a triplet combination of ipatasertib (IPAT), atezolizumab (Atezo), and paclitaxel (PAC) or nab-PAC as first-line (1L) therapy for locally advanced/metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (aTNBC) (2020)

Purpose Randomized trials in aTNBC have demonstrated improved efficacy with addition of Atezo to 1L nab-PAC in patients (pts) with PD-L1+ tumors, and with addition of the AKT inhibitor IPAT to 1L PAC. We report first results from a multicenter phase 1b study (NCT03800836) evaluating a triplet of IPAT, Atezo, and PAC or nab-PAC.
Localized arterial wall drug delivery from a polymer-coated removable metallic stent. Kinetics, distribution, and bioactivity of forskolin. (1994)

A polymer-coated metallic stent can deliver forskolin to the local arterial wall in high concentrations relative to the blood or other tissues. High local drug concentrations are dependent on maintaining stent-to-tissue gradients. The delivered drug is biologically active, demonstrating vasodilating and antiplatelet properties.