gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: The Weak Interaction Between C60 and Molecular Iodine in Solution. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
(E/Z) stereoisomer assignment by<sup>13</sup>C NMR in trifunctional phosphonate α-oximes and α-arylhdrazones (1994)

13 NMR 1JPC coupling constants have predictive value in determining (E)vs.(Z) isomerism in oxophosphonoacetate α-oximes and α-hydrazones, and in distinguishing syn from anti phosphorus atoms in carbonyldiphosphonate α-hydrazones.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Dimensional Optical Data Storage Using Photochromic Materials (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction involves arginase I (2011)

Arginase can cause vascular dysfunction by competing with nitric oxide synthase for l-arginine and by increasing cell proliferation and collagen formation, which promote vascular fibrosis/stiffening. We have shown that increased arginase expression/activity contribute to vascular endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction. Here, we examined the roles of the two arginase isoforms, arginase I and II (AI and AII, respectively), in this process. Experiments were performed using streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice: wild-type (WT) mice and knockout mice lacking the AII isoform alone (AI(+/+)AII(-/-)) or in combination with partial deletion of AI (AI(+/-)AII (-/-)). EC-dependent vasorelaxation of aortic rings and arterial fibrosis and stiffness were assessed in relation to arginase activity and expression. Diabetes reduced mean EC-dependent vasorelaxation markedly in diabetic WT and AI(+/+)AII(-/-) aortas (53% and 44% vs. controls, respectively) compared with a 27% decrease in AI(+/-)AII (-/-) vessels. Coronary fibrosis was also increased in diabetic WT and AI(+/+)AII(-/-) mice (1.9- and 1.7-fold vs. controls, respectively) but was not altered in AI(+/-)AII (-/-) diabetic mice. Carotid stiffness was increased by 142% in WT diabetic mice compared with 51% in AI(+/+)AII(-/-) mice and 19% in AI(+/-)AII (-/-) mice. In diabetic WT and AI(+/+)AII(-/-) mice, aortic arginase activity and AI expression were significantly increased compared with control mice, but neither parameter was altered in AI(+/-)AII (-/-) mice. In summary, AI(+/-)AII (-/-) mice exhibit better EC-dependent vasodilation and less vascular stiffness and coronary fibrosis compared with diabetic WT and AI(+/+)AII(-/-) mice. These data indicate a major involvement of AI in diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction.
Reversal of hepatitis B virus-induced immune tolerance by an immunostimulatory 3p-HBx-siRNAs in a retinoic acid inducible gene I–dependent manner (2011)

3p-HBx-siRNAs may not only directly inhibit HBV replication, but also stimulate innate immunity against HBV, which are both beneficial for the inversion of HBV-induced immune tolerance.
A fluorescent compound for glucose uptake measurements in isolated rat cardiomyocytes (2002)

A focus of current diabetes research is the development of insulinomimetic compounds for oral treatment of diabetes and its associated cardiac complications. Screening compounds for their potential insulinomimetic effects usually involves the use of radioactive isotopes. The focus of this study was to investigate a nonradioactive fluorescent compound for its use in screening insulinomimetic compounds. The indicator 2-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose (2-NBDG) has been used by some workers to measure glucose uptake in Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. We propose that 2-NBDG will also be a suitable indicator for mammalian cell lines, in particular rat cardiomyocytes. We found that the indicator could give a reliable reproducible standard curve following appropriate dilution and is taken up by isolated cardiomyocytes. The insulinomimetic compounds vanadyl sulfate and sodium molybdate showed rates of glucose uptake similar to that of insulin. Furthermore, the rate of uptake measured for insulin using this technique (0.04 +/- 0.003 nmol x min(-1) x 10(6) cells(-1) is comparable with previous literature using 2-deoxyglucose uptake measurements on isolated myocytes (0.040 nmol x min(-1) x 10(6) cells(-1), demonstrating the validity of this fluorescent compound for glucose uptake studies.
Highly Regio- and Stereoselective Cocyclotrimerization and Linear Cotrimerization of α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds with Alkynes Catalyzed by Nickel Complexes (1999)

Cyclic enones 2-cyclohexen-1-one (1a), 4,4-dimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one (1b), 2-cyclopenten-1-one (1c), and 2-cyclohepten-1-one (1d) react with octa-1,7-diyne (2) in THF in the presence of Ni(PPh(3))(2)I(2), ZnI(2), and Zn powder at 62 degrees C to give [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition-dehydrogenation products 3a-d in 32-80% yields. alpha,beta-Unsaturated lactone 5a (5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one) undergoes [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition with 2 to give both the corresponding cyclohexadiene product 6 (29%) and dehydrogenation product 7 (39%). Under similar reaction conditions, 3-buten-2-one reacts with 2 and various substituted hepta-1,6-diynes 9a-c to give [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition-dehydrogenation products 11a-d in 68-80% yields. Diphenylacetylene also reacts with 1a-d, 5a, and 2(5H)-furanone (5b) to afford the corresponding [2 + 2 + 2] cocyclotrimerization products 13a-d and 14a-b. No dehydrogenation of products 13 and 14 was observed under the reaction and workup conditions. The reactions of acrylates with alkynes catalyzed by nickel complexes give products that depend greatly on the reaction conditions. Treating ethyl acrylate (15a) with 1-phenyl-1-propyne (16) in the presence of Ni(PPh(3))(2)Cl(2) and Zn at 90 degrees C in toluene affords cocyclotrimerization product 19aas the major product (54% yield). However, treatment of CH(2)CHCOOR (R = Et and t-Bu) with mono alkynes 16 and 12 in the presence of Ni(PPh(3))(2)X(2) (X = Cl and I) and Zn powder in toluene at 60 degrees C affords the corresponding conjugated trienes 17a-c in 82-92% yields. The MS data of 17firmly support an adduct of two molecules of alkyne and a molecule of acrylate. Similarly, the reaction of 15a with octa-1,7-diyne in the presence of Ni(PPh(3))(2)I(2), ZnI(2), and zinc gives triene derivative 21 in 68% yield. NOE and X-ray results indicate that in these trienes the substituents from each alkyne and alkene moiety are cis to each other. The unique stereoselectivity can be attributed to the exclusive formation of seven-membered nickelacycloheptadiene intermediate 25during the catalytic reaction.
Straight to the Tree: Constituency Parsing with Neural Syntactic Distance (2018)

Yikang Shen, Zhouhan Lin, Athul Paul Jacob, Alessandro Sordoni, Aaron Courville, Yoshua Bengio. Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). 2018.
THE SOLUBILITY OF MAGNESIUM CARBONATE (NESQUEHONITE) IN WATER AT 25° AND PRESSURES OF CARBON DIOXIDE UP TO ONE ATMOSPHERE<sup>1</sup> (1929)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE SOLUBILITY OF MAGNESIUM CARBONATE (NESQUEHONITE) IN WATER AT 25° AND PRESSURES OF CARBON DIOXIDE UP TO ONE ATMOSPHERE1Walter D. KlineCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1929, 51, 7, 2093–2097Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1929Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1929https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01382a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01382a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views893Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cycloaddition Functionalizations to Preserve or Control the Conductance of Carbon Nanotubes (2006)

We identify a class of covalent functionalizations that preserve or control the conductance of single-walled metallic carbon nanotubes. [2+1] cycloadditions can induce bond cleaving between adjacent sidewall carbons, recovering in the process the sp;{2} hybridization and the ideal conductance of the pristine tubes. This is radically at variance with the damage permanently induced by other common ligands, where a single covalent bond is formed with a sidewall carbon. Chirality, curvature, and chemistry determine bond cleaving, and in turn the electrical transport properties of a functionalized tube. A well-defined range of diameters can be found for which certain addends exhibit a bistable state, where the opening or closing of the sidewall bond, accompanied by a switch in the conductance, could be directed with chemical, optical, or thermal means.
Control of ZnO Crystallization by a PEO-<i>b</i>-PMAA Diblock Copolymer (1998)

Amphipolar diblock copolymers used as admixtures provide a unique effect on crystallization processes from solution. In an example given here, nucleation of ZnO crystals and growth of specific crystal faces is controlled by minute amounts of PEO-b-PMAA copolymers. A narrow crystal size distribution and retardation of growth parallel to [001] are observed in dependence on the concentration of the block copolymer, which is added in the ppm range.
Isolation and partial chemical characterization of a 64,000-dalton glycoprotein of human cytomegalovirus (1984)

A guanidinium chloride extract of [3H]glucosamine- and [35S]methionine-labeled virions plus dense bodies of human cytomegalovirus (Towne) was separated by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the eluate revealed the major peak to be a glycoprotein with a relative mass of 64,000. This glycoprotein (HCMVgp64) was characterized by amino acid analysis and a high-pressure liquid chromatographic map of its tryptic peptides.
Gene Array and Protein Expression Profiles Suggest Post-transcriptional Regulation during CD8+ T Cell Differentiation (2003)

Peripheral CD8(+) T cells circulate in a quiescent naive state until they are primed by specific antigen and differentiate into effector cells. In the effector state, CD8(+) T cells acquire cytolytic activity and produce increased levels of cytokines such as interferon-gamma. They also exhibit increased T cell receptor sensitivity, decreased CD28 dependence, and become inhibitable by CTLA-4 and other negative regulatory pathways. We hypothesized that one mechanism by which these two states are regulated is via differential expression of specific genes. To this end, basal gene expression profiles of naive and effector 2C TCR transgenic x RAG2(-/-) CD8(+) T cells were analyzed using Affymetrix arrays representing 11,000 genes. Of the 177 differentially expressed known genes, 68 were expressed at higher levels in effector cells, but 109 were more abundant in naive cells, supporting the notion that the naive state is not passive. Expression of genes related to metabolism, actin cytoskeletal dynamics, and effector function increased with priming, whereas expression of putative anti-proliferative genes decreased. Semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR was utilized as a secondary validation for selected transcripts, and Western blot analysis was used to examine protein expression for molecules of interest. Surprisingly, for 24 genes examined, 12 showed discordant protein versus mRNA expression. In summary, our study indicates that: 1) not only does the expression of some genes in naive CD8(+) T cells become up-regulated upon priming, but the expression of other genes is down-regulated as well and 2) the complexities of T cell differentiation include regulation at the post-transcriptional level.
Performance of TCP over UBR service in ATM networks with Per-VC early packet discard schemes (2002)

Both available bit rate (ABR) service and unspecified bit rate (UBR) service with early packet discard (EPD) schemes have been considered for supporting data applications in ATM networks. Since transmission control protocol (TCP) is perhaps the most widely used transport layer protocol in existing data networks, the performance of TCP over ATM using ABR service and UBR service with EPD schemes is of great interest to ATM equipment vendors and service providers. With regard to this interesting issue, we demonstrate in a companion paper [Li et al., 1996] some simulation results, which show that (1) with UBR, service and EPD schemes, TCP suffers significant performance degradation in terms of fairness and requires a relatively large switch buffer even with a small number of active virtual connections over a LAN configuration, and (2) for the same set of network configurations and with ABR service, TCP achieves good performance in terms of fairness and link utilization, and requires a relatively small switch buffer. In this paper, we extend our work in Li et al. by studying the performance of TCP over UBR service when EPD schemes are improved by using per-VC accounting and per-VC queueing techniques. In particular, our simulation results show that in a LAN environment, per-VC based EPD schemes can significantly improve the performance of TCP over UBR service in terms of fairness.
Osteoporosis Prevention, Screening, and Treatment: A Review (2014)

Osteoporosis, defined as low bone mass leading to increased fracture risk, is a major health problem that affects approximately 10 million Americans. The aging U.S. population is predicted to contribute to as much as a 50% increase in prevalence by 2025. Although common, osteoporosis can be clinically silent, and without prevention and screening, the costs of osteoporotic fracture-related morbidity and mortality will burden the U.S. healthcare system. This is a particularly relevant concern in the context of diminishing health care resources. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is the most widely used, validated technique for measuring bone mineral density (BMD) and diagnosing osteoporosis. Cost-effectiveness analyses support early detection and treatment of high-risk patients with antiresorptive medications such as bisphosphonates. Moreover, optimization of bone health throughout life can help prevent osteoporosis. Current guidelines recommend screening women by age 65 years, but because no guidelines for screening intervals exist, decisions are made on the basis of clinical judgment alone. Although the recent literature provides some guidance, this review further explores current recommendations in light of newer evidence to provide more clarity on prevention, screening, and management strategies for patients with osteoporosis in the primary care setting.
Substrate Connectivity Effects in the Transition State for Cytidine Deaminase (1998)

The binding properties of substrates and competitive inhibitors of Escherichia coli cytidine deaminase are compared with those of the fragments obtained by cutting these ligands at several positions including the glycosidic bond. In contrast with the normal substrate cytidine (kcat/Km = 2.6 x 10(6) M-1 s-1), cytosine is found to serve as an extremely slow substrate (kcat/Km = 1.8 x 10(-3) M-1 s-1), despite the ability of cytosine to enter any active site that can accommodate the normal substrate cytidine. Spontaneous nonenzymatic deamination proceeds at similar rates for cytosine and cytidine at pH 7 and 25 degrees C, indicating that substituent ribose exerts little effect on the intrinsic reactivity of cytidine in solution. Dividing knon by kcat/Km, the maximal Kd value of the enzyme's complex with the altered substrate in the transition state is estimated as 6.1 x 10(-8) M for cytosine, very much higher than the value (1.2 x 10(-16) M) estimated for cytidine. The Kd value of ribofuranose, the missing substituent, is roughly 1.8 x 10(-2) M, as indicated by the Ki values of D-ribose and 1-methyl-D-ribofuranoside as competitive inhibitors. Thus, the free energy of binding of the altered substrate in the transition state is 9.5 kcal/mol more favorable for the whole molecule cytidine than for the sum of those of its parts, cytosine plus ribofuranose. As a separate molecule, however, ribose shows no detectable effect on the enzyme's activity on cytosine. Connectivity effects of similar magnitude are indicated by the equilibrium binding affinities of inhibitors. Thus, the Ki value of the transition state analogue inhibitor zebularine hydrate (1.2 x 10(-12) M) is very much lower than the combined affinities of N-ribofuranosylurea (1.6 x 10(-4) M) and allyl alcohol (0.14 M), indicating that the glycoside bond, by its presence, exerts a connectivity effect of 9.9 kcal/mol on the observed free energy of binding.
Studies on Regeneration of Diesel Exhaust Particulate Filters by Microwave Energy (1994)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">It is a new idea and beneficial attempt that the microwave heating technology is applied to regenerate the Diesel Exhaust Particulate Filters (DEPF). In this paper, the microwave regenerating mechanism of DEPF is studied and some laws in the process of microwave regeneration are found by experimental and theoretical analyses. Some basic measurements and calculations of microwave characteristic factors of three kinds of selected DEPF and the pure particulate are presented. A Microwave Regenerating Test System (MRTS) is set and the microwave regeneration of DEPF is tested. A mathametical model of two dimensional axi-symmetrical non-steady temperature field is set up which is suitable for microwave regenerating process of ceramic foam filters. The numerical calculation and practical analyses are stated. It is proved by these studies that the particulate in DEPF is selectively heated by microwave energy and moreover the microwave energy is less absorbed by the pure ceramic filters. The microwave regeneration of DEPF is feasible from the point of economic effects, social benefit and technology. The power of MRTS which makes DEPF safely and effectively regenerated can be controlled under 1000W, even around 600W.</div>
A Guide to Human Gene Therapy (2010)

Non-Viral Vectors (S Sullivan) Adenoviral Vectors (A Baker) Retroviral Vectors and Integration Analysis (C von Kalle) Lentiviral Vectors (T VandenDriessche & M Chuah) Herpes Virus Vectors (J Glorioso) Adeno-Associated Viral (AAV) Vectors (N Muzyczka) Regulatory RNAs (Ribozymes, RNAi and miRNA) (A Lewin) Integrating Vectors (Transposon, Phage Integrase) (M Calos) Gene Correction Strategies/Zinc Fingers (M Porteus) Gene Switches (P Moullier) Gene Therapy for Disorders of the CNS (D Young) Hemoglobinopathies (A Srivastava) Severe Immune Deficiencies (A Aiuti) Hemophilia (R Herzog) Obesity and Diabetes (S Zolotukhin & C Wasserfall) Musculoskeletal Disorders (S Takeda) Cancer Gene Therapy (K Weigel-Van Aiken) Autoimmune Disorders (P Robbins) Lysosomal Storage Diseases (C Mah) Retinal Diseases (B Hauswirth) Pulmonary Diseases (T Flotte) Cardiovascular Diseases (B Byrne).
Long Term Liver Preservation Using Artificial Blood Substitutes (1988)

Twenty-four hour hypothermic perfusion preservation of the liver was aimed using an artificial blood substitutes. A canine liver was harvested and preserved using originally designed perfusates. In group 1, Perfluorotributylamine solution (Oxypherol solution) was used. In group 2, (Pyridoxylated hemoglobin)-(Polyoxyethylene) conjugate solution (Stabilized Hemoglobin, PHP-1). In group 3 and in group 4, modified Stabilized hemoglobin, PHP-3 and PHP-4 was used. After the preservation, each liver was transplanted orthotopically. Postoperative graft function was estimated the following parameter, such as bile excretion, consciousness level, activated clotting time, and survival rate. In group 1 and group 2, improvement of such factors were not fully observed. On the contrary, in group 3 and 4, complete recovery of the function was seen and in group 4, longer survival was obtained. PHP solution was considered suitable perfusate for liver preservation.
A literature review for space planning optimization using an evolutionary algorithm approach: 1992-2014 (2015)

Space planning in architecture is a field of research in which the process of arranging a set of space elements is the main concern. This paper presents a survey of 31 papers among applications and reviews of space planning method using evolutionary algorithms. The objective of this work was to organize, classify and discuss about twenty-two years of SP based on an evolutionary approach to orient future research in the field.
A widget framework for augmented interaction in SCAPE (2003)

We have previously developed a collaborative infrastructure called SCAPE - an acronym for Stereoscopic Collaboration in Augmented and Projective Environments - that integrates the traditionally separate paradigms of virtual and augmented reality. In this paper, we extend SCAPE by formalizing its underlying mathematical framework and detailing three augmented Widgets constructed via this framework: CoCylinder, Magnifier, and CoCube. These devices promote intuitive ways of selecting, examining, and sharing synthetic objects, and retrieving associated documentary text. Finally we present a testbed application to showcase SCAPE's capabilities for interaction in large, augmented virtual environments.
LTCC ceramic components on printed wiring boards: The issues and potential solutions (2000)

The reliable attachment of LTCC (low temperature co-fired ceramics) components to various types of organic boards through solder balls does in most cases require precautionary solutions of cost effectiveness. This paper addresses the issues associated with such structures. It is particularly focused on those derived from the poor TCE (temperature coefficient of expansion) mismatch between the ceramic body (4-7 ppm °C 1 ) and the organic (14-20 ppm °C 1 ) motherboard. It leads to the shear stresses and finally to electrical failures, which developed in the solder joints or in the ceramic interior during high-low temperature duty cycles. As a potential solution to overcoming the thermal mismatch, a new Green Tape having a high TCE is introduced in this paper. This ceramic substrate has a TCE of 11 ppm °C 1 and good compatibility with silver-based conductors. The high TCE tape is far superior to lower TCE materials in terms of their survival when mounted on PWB's (printed wiring boards) and subjected to thermal cycling conditions. The functional performance of this tape and its associated conductors, its mechanical strength and its microwave dielectric properties at frequencies in the 1-10 GHz range are compared and contrasted with the benchmark 951 system. The conclusion is that the high TCE tape performs comparably to the 951 system in most aspects but as mentioned above significantly outperforms it in BGA on PWB applications.