gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photosensitizing activity of water- and lipid-soluble phthalocyanines on prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial cells. (1992)

The photosensitizing activity of lipophilic zinc-phthalocyanine (Zn-Pc) and its water-soluble sulphonated derivative (Zn-PcS) towards Streptococcus faecium and Candida albicans was studied and correlated with the amount of cell-bound photosensitizer. With both micro-organisms Zn-PcS was more tightly bound in larger amounts than Zn-Pc in the protoplasts of the cytoplasmic membrane. As a consequence, the photoinduced damage in S. faecium initially involved membrane proteins, while DNA was modified only upon prolonged irradiation. For C. albicans only Zn-PcS showed a preferential affinity for the spheroplasts and the decrease in cell survival was not accompanied by detectable modifications of the electrophoretic pattern of membrane proteins. The photoinduced ultrastructural alteration of both micro-organisms suggests damage at membrane level. This would indicate the involvement of different targets in bacteria and yeast for phthalocyanine photosensitization.
Solvent Extraction of Humic Acids from Nitric Acid-Treated Bituminous Coal (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolvent Extraction of Humic Acids from Nitric Acid-Treated Bituminous CoalTheodore S. Polansky and Corliss R. KinneyCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1947, 39, 7, 925–929Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50451a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50451a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views78Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Simplified Digital Control for Three Phase Induction Motor Drive (1992)

The generation of well balanced three phase sine waves to control induction motor normally requires complex control circuitry. The introduction of variable speed induction motor into large volume appliances (100 W – 1 kW) requires the design of cost effective solutions. The simplified solution proposed in this paper uses a standard microcontroller including an internal Direct Memory Access (DMA). This solution spares the use of dedicated IC (hardware being replaced by software), and saves over 50% of CPU time to perform any control and supervision tasks. A practical solution to quantize three phase sinewaves, and to create the corresponding DMA table is presented. Motor voltage and motor frequency can be chosen independently. A dead time avoiding cross conduction through the bridge is also created by software. Each of the six digital outputs sets directly the state of the six power MOSFETs (or IGBTs) of the bridge via insulated interface. This interface is described in the second part of the paper. A new fully isolated pulse controlled gate driver is used. No floating auxiliary supply is needed and safety standards are met. Large dV/dt immunity is achieved. Results of practical examples are given.
Efficient Retroviral-Mediated Gene Transfer to Human Cord Blood Stem Cells With In Vivo Repopulating Potential (1998)

Recent studies have shown efficient gene transfer to primitive progenitors in human cord blood (CB) when the cells are incubated in retrovirus-containing supernatants on fibronectin-coated dishes. We have now used this approach to achieve efficient gene transfer to human CB cells with the capacity to regenerate lymphoid and myeloid progeny in nonobese diabetic (NOD)/severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. CD34+ cell-enriched populations were first cultured for 3 days in serum-free medium containing interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-6, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, Flt3-ligand, and Steel factor followed by two 24-hour incubations with a MSCV-NEO virus-containing medium obtained under either serum-free or serum-replete conditions. The presence of serum during the latter 2 days made no consistent difference to the total number of cells, colony-forming cells (CFC), or long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-IC) recovered at the end of the 5-day culture period, and the cells infected under either condition regenerated similar numbers of human CD34+ (myeloid) CFC and human CD19+ (B lymphoid) cells for up to 20 weeks in NOD/SCID recipients. However, the presence of serum increased the viral titer in the producer cell-conditioned medium and this was correlated with a twofold to threefold higher efficiency of gene transfer to all progenitor types. With the higher titer viral supernatant, 17% ± 3% and 17% ± 8%, G418-resistant in vivo repopulating cells and LTC-IC were obtained. As expected, the proportion of NEO + repopulating cells determined by polymerase chain reaction analysis of in vivo generated CFC was even higher (32% ± 10%). There was no correlation between the frequency of gene transfer to LTC-IC and colony-forming unit–granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM), or to NOD/SCID repopulating cells and CFU-GM (r2 = 0.16 and 0.17, respectively), whereas values for LTC-IC and NOD/SCID repopulating cells were highly and significantly correlated (r2 = 0.85). These findings provide further evidence of a close relationship between human LTC-IC and NOD/SCID repopulating cells (assessed using a ≥ 6-week CFC output endpoint) and indicate the predictive value of gene transfer measurements to such LTC-IC for the design of clinical gene therapy protocols.
Formation of Nickel Silicide Layer on Strained-Si<sub>0.83</sub>Ge<sub>0.17</sub>/Si(001) using a Sacrificial Si Layer and its Morphological Instability (2005)

Nickel silicide was formed on strained-Si 0.83 Ge 0.17 /Si(001) using a sacrificial Si capping (cap-Si) layer and its morphological characteristics were investigated. Nickel silicide layers were grown by rapid thermal annealing of the samples with the structure of Ni (\cong14 nm)/cap-Si (\cong26 nm)/Si 0.83 Ge 0.17 /Si(001) at the annealing temperature ( T A ) range of 400–800°C. The phase formation, surface and interfacial morphologies, and electrical properties of the resulting samples were characterized by various measurement techniques, including X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, and the four-point probe method. The results showed the formation of a uniform layer nickel monosilicide (NiSi) with a thickness of \cong30 nm at 400–550°C and sheet resistance values of 6.5–7.9 Ω/□. The sheet resistance values of the samples annealed at T A ≥600°C were found to be increased, however, and this is attributed to the agglomeration of nickel monosilicide leading to discrete large-size NiSi grains. Microstructural and chemical analyses of the samples annealed at elevated temperature, T A ≥750°C, indicated the formation of large agglomerated NiSi grains penetrating into the Si 0.83 Ge 0.17 /Si(001) structure and the conversion of the cap-Si layer situated in between the nickel silicide grains into an Si l- u Ge u layer ( u \cong0.01–0.03), due to the out-diffusion of Ge from the SiGe layer during agglomeration. However, no NiSi 2 phase was observed at these elevated annealing temperatures.
Gold‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 3‐Acylimidazo[1,2‐<i>a</i>]pyridines <i>via</i> Carbene Oxidation (2014)

Abstract A convenient gold‐catalyzed strategy for the synthesis of imidazo[1,2‐ a ]pyridine derivatives has been developed via gold carbene complexes. This transformation opens a new synthetic route to a variety of 3‐carbonyl‐substituted imidazo[1,2‐ a ]pyridines using air as oxidant affording the products in good yields. magnified image
Applied Time Series and Box-Jenkins Models (1983)

Introduction. Stationarity. Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Models. Identification. Estimations and Diagnostic Checking. Forecasting. United States Residential Construction. United States Unemployment. The Clorox Company Case. Transfer Function Models. Indentification of Transfer Function Models. Estimation and Diagnostic Checking of Transfer Function Models. Forecasting with Transfer Function. Intervention Analysis. Data Bases. Mathematical Expectations. Time Series Programs.
Design and Implementation of a Direct AC–DC Boost Converter for Low-Voltage Energy Harvesting (2010)

In this paper, a direct ac-dc power electronic converter topology is proposed for efficient and optimum energy harvesting from low-voltage microgenerators. The converter utilizes the bidirectional current-conduction capability of MOSFETs to avoid the use of a front-end bridge rectifier. It is operated in discontinuous conduction mode and offers a resistive load to the microgenerator. Detailed analysis and modeling of the converter is presented. In such low-power applications, the power consumption of gate drive and control circuits should be minimal. In this paper, they are specifically designed to consume very low power. A suitable startup circuit and auxiliary dc supply circuit is proposed for the implementation of the converter. A low-voltage microgenerator is used to verify the performance and operation of the converter and the gate drive circuits.
<title>Assessment of image quality to predict readability of documents</title> (1996)

Determining the readability of documents is an important task. Human readability pertains to the scenario when a document image is ultimately presented to a human to read. Machine readability pertains to the scenario when the document is subjected to an OCR process. In either case, poor image quality might render a document un-readable. A document image which is human readable is often not machine readable. It is often advisable to filter out documents of poor image quality before sending them to either machine or human for reading. This paper is about the design of such a filter. We describe various factors which affect document image quality and the accuracy of predicting the extent of human and machine readability possible using metrics based on document image quality. We illustrate the interdependence of image quality measurement and enhancement by means of two applications that have been implemented: (1) reading handwritten addresses on mailpieces and (2) reading handwritten U.S. Census forms. We also illustrate the degradation of OCR performance as a function of image quality. On an experimental test set of 517 document images, the image quality metric (measuring fragmentation due to poor binarization) correctly predicted 90% of the time that certain documents were of poor quality (fragmented characters) and hence not machine readable.
Cultivation of Leishmania braziliensis in an Economical Serum-Free Medium Containing Human Urine (1994)

Timothy C. Armstrong, Jean L. Patterson, Cultivation of Leishmania braziliensis in an Economical Serum-Free Medium Containing Human Urine, The Journal of Parasitology, Vol. 80, No. 6 (Dec., 1994), pp. 1030-1032
Nanocrystalline Ge Flash Memories: Electrical Characterization and Trap Engineering (2005)

Conventional floating gate non-volatile memories (NVMs) present critical issues for device scalability beyond the sub-90 nm node, such as gate length and tunnel oxide thickness reduction. Nanocrystalline germanium (nc-Ge) quantum dot flash memories are fully CMOS compatible technology based on discrete isolated charge storage nodules which have the potential of pushing further the scalability of conventional NVMs. Quantum dot memories offer lower operating voltages as compared to conventional floating-gate (FG) Flash memories due to thinner tunnel dielectrics which allow higher tunneling probabilities. The isolated charge nodules suppress charge loss through lateral paths, thereby achieving a superior charge retention time. Despite the considerable amount of efforts devoted to the study of nanocrystal Flash memories, the charge storage mechanism remains obscure. Interfacial defects of the nanocrystals seem to play a role in charge storage in recent studies, although storage in the nanocrystal conduction band by quantum confinement has been reported earlier. In this work, a single transistor memory structure with threshold voltage shift, Vth, exceeding ~1.5 V corresponding to interface charge trapping in nc-Ge, operating at 0.96 MV/cm, is presented. The trapping effect is eliminated when nc-Ge is synthesized in forming gas thus excluding the possibility of quantum confinement and Coulomb blockade effects. Through discharging kinetics, the model of deep level trap charge storage is confirmed. The trap energy level is dependent on the matrix which confines the nc-Ge.
Zinc, Insulin and Diabetes (1998)

The relationship between diabetes, insulin and zinc (Zn) is complex with no clear cause and effect relationships. In Type 1 diabetes there is a lack of insulin production, in Type 2 diabetes resistance to the effects of insulin are predominant. Both Type 1 and Type 2 have the same long-term complications. Diabetes effects zinc homeostasis in many ways, although it is most probably the hyperglycemia, rather than any primary lesion related to diabetes, which is responsible for the increased urinary loss and decreases in total body zinc. The role of Zn deficiency, which could, at least potentially, exacerbate the cytokine-induced damage in the autoimmune attack which destroys the islet cell in Type 1 diabetes, is unclear. Since Zn plays a clear role in the synthesis, storage and secretion of insulin as well as conformational integrity of insulin in the hexameric form, the decreased Zn, which affects the ability of the islet cell to produce and secrete insulin, might then compound the problem, particularly in Type 2 diabetes. Several of the complications of diabetes may be related to increased intracellular oxidants and free radicals associated with decreases in intracellular Zn and in Zn dependent antioxidant enzymes. There appears to be a complex interrelationship between Zn and both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. The role of Zn in the clinical management of diabetes, its complications, or in its prevention is, at best, unclear.
Side Airbag Sensor in Silicon Micromachining (1999)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">For side airbag systems it is necessary to measure the acceleration within a time of less than 3 ms in order to inflate the side airbag in time. A new generation of side airbag sensors that uses a linear accelerometer is presented. The evaluation circuit includes amplification, temperature coefficient compensation, two wire unidirectional current interface, and a zero-offset compensation. The sensing element for the measurement of acceleration is a surface micromachined accelerometer. In order to minimise the production costs the surface micromachined sensor element and the corresponding evaluation ASIC are packaged into a standard PLCC28 housing. For the entire function only few external components are necessary. During the power-on cycle an internal selftest is carried out and the result is transmitted to the airbag control unit. Most important results of the characterisation are presented.</div>
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in daily clinical practice – the Spanish <scp>ABPM</scp> Registry experience (2015)

Many patients are hypertensive at the medical settings but show normal blood pressure out of the doctor's office, and are classified as white-coat hypertensives. On the other hand, many patients with controlled hypertension at the clinic show ambulatory blood pressure levels above the thresholds considered for an adequate blood pressure control, known as having masked hypertension. Using data from the Spanish Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Registry (Spanish ABPM Registry), a national program developed to promote the use of the ambulatory technique for hypertension management in daily practice, we have reviewed the main strengths of this approach, that is the ability to detect discrepancies of blood pressure status with respect to office blood pressure measurement, and to better assess accurate rates of hypertension control. White-coat hypertension within patients with elevated office blood pressure, and masked hypertension within office-controlled patients affected one of three patients in each office status. On the other hand, rates of ambulatory blood pressure control (50%) doubled those of office blood pressure control (25%), still remaining half the patients uncontrolled. We think that a systematic use of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and strategies to improve blood pressure control constitute key priorities in hypertension management.
Nonneuronal isoforms of STOP protein are responsible for microtubule cold stability in mammalian fibroblasts (1998)

A number of cycling mammalian cells, such as NIH 3T3, contain abundant subsets of cold-stable microtubules. The origin of such microtubule stabilization in nonneuronal cells is unknown. We have previously described a neuronal protein, stable tubule-only polypeptide (STOP), that binds to microtubules and induces cold stability. We find that NIH 3T3 fibroblasts contain a major 42-kDa isoform of STOP (fibroblastic STOP, F-STOP). F-STOP contains the central repeats characteristic of brain STOP but shows extensive deletions of N- and C-terminal protein domains that are present in brain STOP. These deletions arise from differences in STOP RNA splicing. Despite such deletions, F-STOP has full microtubule stabilizing activity. F-STOP accumulates on cold-stable microtubules of interphase arrays and is present on stable microtubules within the mitotic spindle of NIH 3T3 cells. STOP inhibition by microinjection of affinity-purified STOP central repeat antibodies into NIH 3T3 cells abolishes both interphase and spindle microtubule cold stability. Similar results were obtained with Rat2 cells. These results show that STOP proteins have nonneuronal isoforms that are responsible for the microtubule cold stability observed in mammalian fibroblasts.
Biological tolerance of poly(N‐substituted acrylamides) (1973)

Abstract The biological tolerance of poly(N‐substituted acrylamides) implanted subcutaneously to rats and pigs was investigated. Besides a macro‐ and microscopical evaluation of the implant and its surroundings, the surface changes of the implants were determined by means of a Stereoscan electron‐optical microscope;the results obtained confirmed the very good in vivo stability of the polymers used. The histological analysis showed that all the polymers under investigation are very well tolerated by the organism and do not provoke any unfavorable reaction. The implants become surrounded with a granulation tissue which is gradually replaced by fibrocytes and collagen fibers situated in the basic substance staining positively with the alcian blue and PAS. In contrast with some authors we did not find a thicker capsule surrounding the implant on the sharp edges but on the flat planes. No calcification could be observed within the intervals investigated. The surface changes, which were studied electronoptically, were insignificant and connected with the way in which the implant was treated. No indications of malignant growth were observed.
The effect of I,Q mismatch errors on adaptive cancellation (1992)

The effects of in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) amplitude errors and low-pass-filter (LPF) errors on adaptive cancellers are investigated. I,Q errors occur because of errors in the synthesis process of the mixers and LPFs designed to be identical for each input channel. These I,Q errors among the channels result in cancellation degradation. Tapped delay line transversal filters have been proposed as a way to compensate for these errors and thus improve cancellation performance. However, it is shown that if there is any LPF mismatch, then transversal filtering has a small effect on improving canceler performance. The use of individual I,Q adaptive transversal filter weighting is suggested as a means of completely eliminating the phase amplitude errors, and making the canceler performance responsive to transversal filter compensation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
VisualBERT: A Simple and Performant Baseline for Vision and Language (2019)

We propose VisualBERT, a simple and flexible framework for modeling a broad range of vision-and-language tasks. VisualBERT consists of a stack of Transformer layers that implicitly align elements of an input text and regions in an associated input image with self-attention. We further propose two visually-grounded language model objectives for pre-training VisualBERT on image caption data. Experiments on four vision-and-language tasks including VQA, VCR, NLVR2, and Flickr30K show that VisualBERT outperforms or rivals with state-of-the-art models while being significantly simpler. Further analysis demonstrates that VisualBERT can ground elements of language to image regions without any explicit supervision and is even sensitive to syntactic relationships, tracking, for example, associations between verbs and image regions corresponding to their arguments.
Performance tools (1990)

Performance tools are a way of making systematic the work needed to carry out performance studies so that several studies can be carried out more easily and be compared in a consistent way. After a brief overview by K. Nichols, 11 selected tools are introduced, in separate presentations, by their originating organizations. Four are strictly commercial products; most of the rest are available for a small distribution fee. They cover algorithms, architectures, their interactions, and testing of programs to meet real-time constraints. They target a range of systems: communications, computers, manufacturing, control, and embedded systems. Subjects included in the descriptions include Ada program tuning, real-time monitoring of N-cube programs, animated and analytical solution of queueing-system models, real-time and postmortem event-trace display, instrumented systems, and discrete-event simulation. The tools covered are: Network Architecture Simulation System; Q+, PM; Perspective; Axe; Hyperview; Simple/Care; Poker; Triplex; Arts; and Jed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (2000)

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 1.1. Properties of X-Rays 1.2. Scattering and Diffraction 1.3. Absorption of X-Rays 1.4. X-ray Fluorescence 2. Historical Development of X-ray Spectrometry 3. Relationship Between Wavelength and Atomic Number 3.1. Characteristic Radiation 3.2. Selection Rules 3.3. Nomenclature for X-ray Wavelengths 4. Instrumentation 4.1. Sources 4.2. Detectors 4.3. Types of Spectrometer 4.4. Wavelength Dispersive Systems 4.5. Energy Dispersive Systems 5. Accuracy 5.1. Counting Statistical Errors 5.2. Matrix Effects 6. Quantitative Analysis 6.1. Internal Standards 6.2. Type Standardization 6.3. Influence Correction Methods 6.4. Fundamental Methods 7. Trace Analysis 7.1. Analysis of Low Concentrations 7.2. Analysis of Small Amounts of Sample 8. New developments in Instrumentation and Techniques 8.1. Total Reflection Spectrometry 8.2. Spectrometers with Capillary Optics 8.3. Applications of the Synchrotron