gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence and Other Urological Symptoms in the Noninstitutionalized Elderly (1986)

The prevalences of urinary incontinence, difficulty in bladder emptying and irritative bladder symptoms are not known in the noninstitutionalized elderly in this country. A survey, consisting of a multi-stage probability sample of 13,912 households, was done in Washtenaw County, Michigan to estimate these prevalences. A total of 1,955 senior citizens 60 or more years old was interviewed. The prevalences of urinary incontinence, difficult bladder emptying and irritative bladder symptoms were 18.9, 22.1 and 11.8 per cent, respectively, in men, and 37.7, 10.8 and 17.4 per cent, respectively, in women. Urinary incontinence was significantly more prevalent among all respondents with bladder emptying and irritative symptoms than those without such symptoms (p less than 0.001). The frequency of voiding was significantly increased among respondents with incontinence, or emptying or irritative symptoms compared to asymptomatic respondents (p less than 0.001). These survey data are of importance to senior citizens, care providers and governmental agencies.
A three-level MOSFET inverter for low power drives (2003)

This paper proposes operating a three-level neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter using a two-level PWM method. This allows for the clamping diodes to be rated at a fraction of the main switches due to their low average current requirement. The use of a charge pump as a low cost method to obtain the isolated gate drive power supplies is extended for use with the NPC topology. Using this control method and circuits, an inverter based on high volume, low-cost, low-voltage power MOSFETs is experimentally demonstrated as a possible economic alternative to an IGBT based drive for 120 Vrms-supplied systems.
Serum uric acid and hypertension: the Olivetti heart study. (1994)

The association between serum uric acid and hypertension was evaluated in a sample of male workers in southern Italy enrolled in the Olivetti Heart Study, an ongoing longitudinal epidemiological investigation on risk factors for coronary heart disease carried out at the Olivetti factory in the suburban area of Naples. Participants were screened at baseline (1975) and at five year (1980) and 12 year (1987) follow-up examinations. The present report focuses on 619 male workers for whom information on coronary heart disease risk factors was available both at baseline and 12 year follow-up examination. At baseline, after excluding hypertensive participants (systolic blood pressure (SBP) > or = 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP), > or = 90 mmHg and/or on antihypertensive therapy; n = 72), serum uric acid was positively and significantly related to age, SBP, DBP, body mass index (BMI), serum total cholesterol (CHOL) and serum triglycerides (TG) in 547 normotensive participants. At 12 year follow-up examination, hypertension was defined by SBP > or = 140 mmHg and/or DBP > or = 90 mmHg and/or being on antihypertensive therapy. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed an independent positive association between serum uric acid levels and development of hypertension (RR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.07-1.39; p = 0.011) after adjustment for age, BMI, CHOL and TG. Furthermore, according to more severe degrees of hypertension (SBP > or = 160 mmHg and/or DBP > or = 95 mmHg and/or being on antihypertensive therapy), the relative risk to develop hypertension was still significant (RR = 1.19; CI = 1.01-1.38; p = 0.051).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Comparison of quantitative acid-elution technique and flow cytometry for detecting fetomaternal hemorrhage. (1987)

A study of the Kleihauer-Betke acid-elution technique for quantitating fetomaternal hemorrhage was performed to assess intra- and inter-technologist accuracy and precision as well as to delineate the statistically valid domain of the test as usually performed. The results were then compared to a parallel study quantitating fetomaternal hemorrhage by flow cytometry. Additionally, a statistical model for estimating efficacy of treatment with Rh immune globulin in the prevention of pregnancy-associated Rh(D) isoimmunization was developed. The results indicate that the acid-elution technique can be performed in a reproducible manner with acceptable accuracy and precision with whole blood fetomaternal hemorrhages 25 ml and higher if a background correction for false positive identification of fetal cells is included. Flow cytometric determination reveals significantly increased accuracy in comparison to the corresponding Kleihauer-Betke results.
20世紀を理解するための世界史学習の教材開発 : 授業「20世紀アメリカ合衆国における人種差別」 (2000)

20世紀を理解するための世界史学習の教材開発の一環として, 従来の世界史学習における20世紀のアメリカ合衆国像が, 「国際社会における指導的な役割」というもっぱら対外的なものである点を指摘し, 国内の社会の動きを明らかにすることで改善する教材開発を行う。教材開発のための視角を「多民族・多文化」化に定め, 20世紀アメリカ合衆国社会の最大の問題である黒人に対する人種差別問題を教材に用いる。学習計画では, まず, 現在まで黒人に対する人種差別が続いている現実を認識させ, それが20世紀初頭より行われた合法的な人種分離に起因し, キング牧師らが指導した黒人解放運動とその成果である公民権法の制定によっても人種差別は根本的に解消されず, これに対応して起ったブラック・ナショナリズム運動によって白人との断絶が深まったことを理解させる。
Polymer-coated gelatin capsules as oral delivery devices and their gastrointestinal tract behaviour in humans (1996)

In oral delivery of protein and peptide drugs there is a great need for suitable devices for delivering the therapeutic agent-incorporated microspheres selectively in the intestine. It is essential that the drug-loaded multiple unit carrier system should be protected from the harsh environment of the stomach and deliver the carrier system in the large intestine where drug action or absorption is desired. Gelatin capsules were coated with various concentrations of sodium alginate and cross-linked with appropriate concentrations of calcium chloride and tested in vitro for resistance to gastric and intestinal medium. Gelatin capsules coated with 20% w/v of the polymer which gave the most promising result in vitro were evaluated in human volunteers for their in vivo gastro intestinal tract behaviour. The radiographical studies show that while the uncoated gelatin capsules disintegrated in the stomach within 15 min of ingestion, the alginate coated gelatin capsules remained intact as long as they were retained in the stomach (up to 3 h) and then migrated to the ileocecal region of the intestine and disintegrated.
Fatigue and retention in ferroelectric Y-Ba-Cu-O/Pb-Zr-Ti-O/Y-Ba-Cu-O heterostructures (1992)

Fatigue and retention characteristics of ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate thin films grown with Y-Ba-Cu-O(YBCO) thin-film top and bottom electrodes are found to be far superior to those obtained with conventional Pt top electrodes. The heterostructures reported here have been grown in situ by pulsed laser deposition on yttria-stabilized ZrO2 buffer [100] Si and on [001] LaAlO3. Both the a- and c-axis orientations of the YBCO lattice have been used as electrodes. They were prepared using suitable changes in growth conditions.
The Effect of Penetration Rate on the Strength of Remolded Clay and Sand Samples (1975)

The penetration rate effect on the strength of clay and sand was studied by constant velocity penetration tests performed with various velocities up to 2.662 f.p.s. (81.14 cm/s). The clay and sand targets were of various strengths and moisture contents. The construction of the penetrometer is similar to that used in static tests, and in each test the cone resistance, sleeve friction, and penetration velocity were recorded.Experimental results indicated that for granular soils the effects of penetration velocity on cone and sleeve friction resistances are insignificant, whereas, for cohesive soils, the increase in penetration velocity causes an increase in the cone and friction resistances. It is found that for the cohesive soils the ratio of dynamic to static strength is directly proportional to the logarithm of the penetration velocity ratio. The proportionality constant of this relationship defined as soil viscosity coefficient depends on the physical properties of the soil and the soil strength and its value increases as the strength of the soil decreases. For the tested soils various values of the soil viscosity coefficient are proposed for different strength ranges. The validity of the analytical relationship is established for penetration velocities ranging from 0.0044 f.p.s. (0.13 cm/s) to 18 f.p.s. (550 cm/s).
DSB:Ce<sup>3+</sup>scintillation glass for future (2015)

One of the main challenges for detectors at future high-energy collider experiments is the high precision measurement of hadron and jet energy and momentum. One possibility to achieve this is the dual-readout technique, which allows recording simultaneously scintillation and Cherenkov light in an active medium in order to extract the electromagnetic fraction of the total shower energy on an event- by-event basis. Making use of this approach in the high luminosity LHC, however, puts stringent requirements on the active materials in terms of radiation hardness. Consequently, the R&D carried out on suitable scintillating materials focuses on the detector performance as well as on radiation tolerance. Among the different scintillating materials under study, scintillating glasses can be a suitable solution due to their relatively simple and cost effective production. Recently a new type of inorganic scintillating glass: Cerium doped DSB has been developed by Radiation Instruments and New Components LLC in Minsk for oil logging industry. This material can be produced either in form of bulk or fiber shape with diameter 0.3-2mm and length up to 2000 mm. It is obtained by standard glass production technology at temperature 1400°C with successive thermal annealing treatment at relatively low temperature. The production of large quantities is relatively easy and the production costs are significantly lower compared to crystal fibers. Therefore, this material is considered as an alternative and complementary solution to crystal fibers in view of a production at industrial scale, as required for a large dual readout calorimeter. In this paper, the first results on optical, scintillation properties as well as the radiation damage behaviour obtained on different samples made with different raw materials and various cerium concentrations will be presented.
Bovine Enteroviruses as Indicators of Fecal Contamination (2002)

Surface waters frequently have been contaminated with human enteric viruses, and it is likely that animal enteric viruses have contaminated surface waters also. Bovine enteroviruses (BEV), found in cattle worldwide, usually cause asymptomatic infections and are excreted in the feces of infected animals in large numbers. In this study, the prevalence and genotype of BEV in a closed herd of cattle were evaluated and compared with BEV found in animals in the immediate environment and in environmental specimens. BEV was found in feces from 76% of cattle, 38% of white-tailed deer, and one of three Canada geese sharing the same pastures, as well as the water obtained from animal watering tanks, from the pasture, from streams running from the pasture to an adjacent river, and from the river, which emptied into the Chesapeake Bay. Furthermore, BEV was found in oysters collected from that river downstream from the farm. These findings suggest that BEV could be used as an indicator of fecal pollution originating from animals (cattle and/or deer). Partial sequence analysis of the viral genomes indicates that different viral variants coexist in the same area. The possibility of identifying the viral strains found in the animals and in the contaminated areas by sequencing the RNA genome, could provide a tool to find the origin of the contamination and should be useful for epidemiological and viral molecular evolution studies.
Automated alignment of a reconfigurable optical system using focal-plane sensing and Kalman filtering (2016)

Automation of alignment tasks can provide improved efficiency and greatly increase the flexibility of an optical system. Current optical systems with automated alignment capabilities are typically designed to include a dedicated wavefront sensor. Here, we demonstrate a self-aligning method for a reconfigurable system using only focal plane images. We define a two lens optical system with 8 degrees of freedom. Images are simulated given misalignment parameters using ZEMAX software. We perform a principal component analysis on the simulated data set to obtain Karhunen-Loève modes, which form the basis set whose weights are the system measurements. A model function, which maps the state to the measurement, is learned using nonlinear least-squares fitting and serves as the measurement function for the nonlinear estimator (extended and unscented Kalman filters) used to calculate control inputs to align the system. We present and discuss simulated and experimental results of the full system in operation.
Regioselective Synthesis of Fluorosulfonyl 1,2,3-Triazoles from Bromovinylsulfonyl Fluoride (2018)

A regioselective metal-free preparation of 4-fluorosulfonyl 1,2,3-triazoles from organic azides and a hitherto underexplored bromovinylsulfonyl fluoride building block is described. This reaction is very general and was extended to the synthesis of various sulfonates, sulfonamides, and sulfonic acid derivatives of triazoles and other azole heterocycles which would otherwise be difficult to access by existing methods.
Mechanical properties of natural and synthetic rubbers (1957)

Abstract The tensile creep behavior of natural rubber, high and low temperature GRS, polybutadiene, and a synthetic cis ‐polyisoprene have been investigated. By combining measurements over the temperature range −70 to +60°C., it has been possible to obtain a composite creep curve covering over 15 decades of time for each of these materials. In addition, similar curves have been obtained for most of these materials at several degrees of cure and containing various amounts of carbon black. All measurements were confined to elongations below about 5%. One can conclude from these data that the synthetic rubbers, except for the cis ‐polyisoprene, do not vulcanize to give a mechanically stable network. That is to say, these materials never reach equilibrium elongation under an applied load. It is concluded that the number‐average molecular weights of GRS is so low that excessive degrees of crosslinking are needed in order to form a stable network. Natural rubber and certain synthetic cis ‐polyisoprene, do not suffer from this defect. The excessive heat generation found in GRS upon flexure is attributed to the fact that an equilibrium extension is never achieved in these materials. A theoretical relation for the heat production in flexed rubbers is given. It is showed that the theory predicts the relative behavior of the various rubbers in respect to heat generation under flexure.
Monochromatic gating method by flow cytometry for high purity monocyte analysis (2013)

A monochromatic combination of CD45 and CD64 antibodies with scatter signals allows higher purity monocyte gating by flow cytometry (FC) compared to CD45/SSC gating. This approach allows for the development of a high resolution four-color assay, such as for detection of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, whereby a single four-color tube will allow simultaneous high purity monocyte (CD64+) and neutrophil (CD15+) analysis of both phosphatidylinositol (PI) linked protein expression and FLAER binding.
Alicyclic Syntheses. I. The Diels--Alder Reaction of 2-Phenylbutadiene with Citraconic Anhydride and 5-p-Tolylthiotoluquinone (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlicyclic Syntheses. I. The Diels--Alder Reaction of 2-Phenylbutadiene with Citraconic Anhydride and 5-p-TolylthiotoluquinoneV. Georgian and J. M.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 1, 40–44Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01024a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01024a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views133Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An Africa office is no magic door to deals (2016)

In this article, the author discusses the rising of interest of international law firms to established their offices in Africa such as Norton Rose took over South Africa's Deneys Reitz in 2011, operations of the Allen & Overy, Baker & McKenzie and Clifford Chance has begun in Africa.
Widespread Overexpression of Epitope-Tagged Mdm4 Does Not Accelerate Tumor Formation <i>In Vi</i><i>vo</i> (2010)

Mdm2 and Mdm4 are critical negative regulators of p53. A large body of evidence indicates that elevated expression of either Mdm2 or Mdm4 may favor tumor formation by inhibiting p53 tumor suppression function. To explore this possibility in vivo, we generated conditional Mdm2 and Mdm4 transgenic mice. We show that although both transgenes are designed to be expressed ubiquitously and at comparable levels, only the Mdm4 transgenic protein is produced at high levels in vivo. In contrast, exogenous Mdm2 is constitutively degraded in a proteasome-dependent manner, indicating that cells are equipped with efficient mechanisms that prevent Mdm2 accumulation in vivo. Mice that are homozygous for the Mdm4 transgene die during embryogenesis owing to severe vascular maturation defects. Importantly, this lethality is not rescued on a p53-null background, indicating that high levels of Mdm4 impact on a pathway(s) other than p53 that controls vascular and embryonic development. Mice expressing a single copy of the Mdm4 transgene are viable and, surprisingly, are not prone to spontaneous, radiation-induced or Eμ-myc-induced tumor formation. The findings have clear implications for cancer etiology as well as for cancer therapy.
New Advanced Electron Microscopy to Discover New Quantum Materials (2019)

The discovery of extraordinary new quantum materials with striking properties has caused great excitement, and promises to transform signal processing and computation. We have performed integrated research on three materials (1) Graphene (G) -electrons that move as massless particles at a constant speed; (2) Topological Insulators (TI) -mobile surface electrons with spins fixed to the direction of motion; and (3) Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) Centers in Diamond -a single spin stores a bit of quantum information. Remarkably, the quantum phenomena displayed by these materials persists at room temperature, changing the rules for signal processing and computation and opening the way for quantum electronics.
The Chemistry of Antimycin A. VII. Synthesis of Antimycic Acid and its Analogs (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Chemistry of Antimycin A. VII. Synthesis of Antimycic Acid and its AnalogsF. Shigeo Okumura, Mitsuo Masumura, and Tokunaru HorieCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 19, 5215–5217Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01528a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01528a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views109Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chlamydial infections : proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Human Chlamydial Infections, Harrison Hot Springs, British Columbia, Canada, 24-29 June 1990 (1990)

1. Introduction 2. Cell biology 3. Genetics 4. Ocular infection 5. Infection in women 6. Infection in men 7. Rheumatology 8. Paediatrics 9. Veterinary infections 10. Animal models 11. Immunology 12. Epidemiology 13. Chemotherapy 14. Laboratory diagnosis 15. Index.
대본을 이용한 소생팀 훈련이 소생술의 질에 미치는 영향 (2012)

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the quality of simulated resuscitation between the conventional simulation training group and the script based training group. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of video clips from a previous study of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) team simulation training. A total of eighty-four video clips were analyzed. Each video clip belonged to either the conventional group or the script group, of either pre-training or post-training. One of the authors analyzed all the video clips. The qualities of resuscitation team plays were compared in terms of the hands-on compression time, the interval to meaningful measures and the number of utterances of the team leader and members. Results: The hands-on time of the conventional group improved after training whereas that of the script group deteriorated (22.2 vs －7.0 sec, p = 0.009). The time to defibrillation also improved in the conventional group whereas that of the script group deteriorated (－24.0 vs 33.0 sec, p = 0.002). There were no differences in the utterances of team leaders and members between groups and between pre-and post-training. Conclusions: This study suggested that the effect of script-based training on quality of CPR was less useful than that of conventional training using simulation and debriefing. Therefore, CPR team training using a script alone should not be recommended.
Problems with achieving saturation using methods based on bursts of rf pulses with spoilers in magnetic resonance imaging (1989)

Attempts at saturation by nonselective rf pulses, followed by gradient spoiler pulses, are sometimes used as the basis of a method of measuring T1 in magnetic resonance imaging, because a method of this type is perceived as being less affected by slice shape artifact than partial saturation methods. This note suggests that, unless care is taken, this assumption can be quite erroneous.