gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Saturated Fatty Acid-induced Apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells (2003)

Little is known about the biochemical basis of the action of free fatty acids (FFA) on breast cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. Here we report that unsaturated FFAs stimulated the proliferation of human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, whereas saturated FFAs inhibited it and caused apoptosis. Saturated FFA palmitate decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and caused cytochrome c release. Palmitate-induced apoptosis was enhanced by the fat oxidation inhibitor etomoxir, whereas it was reduced by fatty-acyl CoA synthase inhibitor triacsin C. The non-metabolizable analog 2-bromopalmitate was not cytotoxic. This indicates that palmitate must be metabolized to exert its toxic effect but that its action does not involve fat oxidation. Pharmacological studies showed that the action of palmitate is not mediated via ceramides, reactive oxygen species, or changes in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity. Palmitate caused early enhancement of cardiolipin turnover and decreased the levels of this mitochondrial phospholipid, which is necessary for cytochrome c retention. Cosupplementation of oleate, or increasing beta-oxidation with the AMP-activated protein kinase activator, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribonucleoside, both restored cardiolipin levels and blocked palmitate-induced apoptosis. Oleate was preferentially metabolized to triglycerides, and oleate cosupplementation channeled palmitate esterification processes to triglycerides. Overexpression of Bcl-2 family members blocked palmitate-induced apoptosis. The results provide evidence that a decrease in cardiolipin levels and altered mitochondrial function are involved in palmitate-induced breast cancer cell death. They also suggest that the antiapoptotic action of oleate on palmitate-induced cell death involves both restoration of cardiolipin levels and redirection of palmitate esterification processes to triglycerides.
Novel Macrocyclic Inhibitors of Hepatitis C NS3/4A Protease Featuring a 2-Amino-1,3-thiazole as a P4 Carbamate Replacement (2009)

Our laboratories recently reported the discovery of P2-P4 macrocyclic inhibitors of HCV NS3/4A protease, characterized by high levels of potency and liver exposure. Within this novel class of inhibitors, we here describe the identification of a structurally diverse series of compounds featuring a 2-amino-1,3-thiazole as replacement of the carbamate in P4. Optimization studies focused on structural modifications in the P3, P2, and P1 regions of the macrocycle as well as on the linker chain and resulted in the discovery of several analogues characterized by excellent levels of enzyme and cellular activity. Among these, compound 59 displayed an attractive pharmacokinetic profile in preclinical species and showed sustained liver levels following oral administration in rats.
Chip-scale integration of VCSEL, photodetector, and microlens arrays (2002)

New generations of network application continue to demand component solutions of higher speed (10 Gbps and beyond) with good reliability and affordability. The potential of VCSEL arrays technology in meeting those demands has long been recognized and is being actively explored by many in the field. In this paper we present a few examples of VCSEL array based technology developments including monolithic integration of VCSELs and photodetector (PD) in both 1D and 2D arrays, and their hybrid integration with micro-lens array and electronic integrated circuits for optical interconnects. As we explore to achieve more functionality through integration, we also emphasize on the merits of usability of the electrical and optical interfaces of the new components, and producibility and manufacturability aspects of the new technologies.
Study of Structural stability and formation mechanisms in DSPC and DPSM liposomes: A coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation (2020)

Liposomes or biological vesicles can be created from cholesterol, phospholipid, and water. Their stability is affected by their phospholipid composition which can influence disease treatment and drug delivery efficacy. In this study, the effect of phospholipid type on the formation and stability of liposomes using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations is investigated. For this purpose, the simulation study of the DSPC (1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) and DPSM (Egg sphingomyelin) lipids were considered. All simulations were carried out using the Gromacs software and Martini force field 2.2. Energy minimization (3000 steps) model, equilibrium at constant volume to adjust the temperature at 400 Kelvin and equilibrium at constant pressure to adjust the pressure, at atmospheric pressure (1 bar) have been validated. Microsecond simulations, as well as formation analysis including density, radial distribution function, and solvent accessible surface area, demonstrated spherical nanodisc structures for the DPSM and DSPC liposomes. The results revealed that due to the cylindrical geometric structure and small-size head group, the DSPC lipid maintained its perfectly spherical structure. However, the DPSM lipid showed a conical geometric structure with larger head group than other lipids, which allows the liposome to form a micelle structure. Although the DSPC and DPSM lipids used in the laboratory tests exhibit liposome and micelle behaviors, the simulation results revealed their nanodisc structures. Energy analysis including overall energy, Van der Waals interaction energy, and electrostatic interaction energy showed that DPSM liposome is more stable than DSPC liposome.
Partial least squares solutions for multicomponent analysis (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPartial least squares solutions for multicomponent analysisIldiko E. Frank, John H. Kalivas, and Bruce R. KowalskiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1983, 55, 11, 1800–1804Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00261a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00261a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views249Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Flame atomic absorption spectrometry determination of zinc and ferrum in enamel]. (1997)

The amount of zinc and-ferrum in enanmel was determined by flame AAS. For twenty six healthy men, the average of zinc and ferrum were 325.6 +/- 84.8 and 34.7 +/- 9.1 microg/g, respectively. For fifty four patients with dental caries disease, the average of zinc and ferrum were 269.9 +/- 63.5 and 38.7 +/- 10.0 microg/g, respectively. The difference between healthy men and patients of zinc and ferrum rate was insignificant. As to the determination method, the rate of recovery varied from 97.0 to 101.5% for zinc and from 97.2 to 102.4% for ferrum. The RSDs fo Zn and Fe are less than 2.60 and 2.10% respectively.
Optical tracking of organically modified silica nanoparticles as DNA carriers: A nonviral, nanomedicine approach for gene delivery (2005)

This article reports a multidisciplinary approach to produce fluorescently labeled organically modified silica nanoparticles as a nonviral vector for gene delivery and biophotonics methods to optically monitor intracellular trafficking and gene transfection. Highly monodispersed, stable aqueous suspensions of organically modified silica nanoparticles, encapsulating fluorescent dyes and surface functionalized by cationic-amino groups, are produced by micellar nanochemistry. Gel-electrophoresis studies reveal that the particles efficiently complex with DNA and protect it from enzymatic digestion of DNase 1. The electrostatic binding of DNA onto the surface of the nanoparticles, due to positively charged amino groups, is also shown by intercalating an appropriate dye into the DNA and observing the Forster (fluorescence) resonance energy transfer between the dye (energy donor) intercalated in DNA on the surface of nanoparticles and a second dye (energy acceptor) inside the nanoparticles. Imaging by fluorescence confocal microscopy shows that cells efficiently take up the nanoparticles in vitro in the cytoplasm, and the nanoparticles deliver DNA to the nucleus. The use of plasmid encoding enhanced GFP allowed us to demonstrate the process of gene transfection in cultured cells. Our work shows that the nanomedicine approach, with nanoparticles acting as a drug-delivery platform combining multiple optical and other types of probes, provides a promising direction for targeted therapy with enhanced efficacy as well as for real-time monitoring of drug action.
French Baroque (1994)

French Baroque Get access Jean-Féry Rebel: Les Elémens ed. Catherine Cessac, Musica Gallica ( Salabert Editions, 1993) Jean-Joseph Cassanéa de Mondonville: De profundis ed. Sylvie Bouissou (Grands motets, i), Musica Gallica ( Salabert Editions, 1993) André Campra: Deus noster refugium ed. Bernadette Lespinard (Grands motets, i), Musica Gallica ( Salabert Editions, 1993) François Couperin: Les Nations [1726 edition: La Françoise–L'Espagnole–L'Impériale–La Piémontaise; Lyons Manuscript: La Pucelle–La Visionnaire–L'Astrée–La Steinkerque; Paris Manuscript: La Pucelle–La Visionnaire–L'Astrée–La Steinkerque] ( Fac-similé Jean-Marc Fuzeau, 1993) Richard Langham Smith Richard Langham Smith Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Early Music, Volume XXII, Issue 2, May 1994, Pages 333–334, https://doi.org/10.1093/earlyj/XXII.2.333 Published: 01 May 1994
Perovskite Solar Cells: Perovskite Solar Cells with Inorganic Electron‐ and Hole‐Transport Layers Exhibiting Long‐Term (≈500 h) Stability at 85 °C under Continuous 1 Sun Illumination in Ambient Air (Adv. Mater. 29/2018) (2018)

In article number 1801010, Nam-Gyu Park, Hyunjung Shin, and co-workers present a perovskite solar cell (PSC) composed of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)/NiO/perovskite/[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)/bathocuproine (BCP)/Al:ZnO/Ag. They find that the Al:ZnO layer grown via atomic layer deposition plays a significant role in improving the stability of the PSC. The unique role of the Al:ZnO, distinguished from other types of passivation, is its impermeability, which prevents moisture penetration, as well as interdiffusion at the perovskite/Ag interface when illuminated at higher temperature (≈85 °C).
Real time sensor for monitoring oxygen in radio–frequency plasma applications (2007)

Real time closed loop control of plasma assisted semiconductor manufacturing processes has received significant attention in recent years. Therefore we have developed and tested a customized optical sensor based on buffer gas (argon) actinometry which has been used to determine relative densities of atomic and molecular oxygen in an Ar/O(2) radio-frequency ICP chamber. The operation and accuracy of our optical sensor compared favorably with a high resolution commercial spectrometer but at lower cost and exhibited improved actinometric performance over a low resolution commercial spectrometer. Furthermore, threshold tests have been performed on the validity of buffer gas based actinometry in Ar/O(2) ICP plasmas where Ar is no longer a trace gas through Xe actinometry. The plasma conditions for which this customized optical sensor can be used for closed loop control have been established.
A color vision system for microelectronics: Application to oxide thickness measurements (1986)

We present a new method of automated inspection of microelectronic structures. The method is based on color rather than black and white vision, and is a first such application of color vision to inspection for microelectronics fabrication. We describe the general method and demonstrate its practical implementation in the measurement of oxide thicknesses. A key result of this work is to have established sensitivity criteria for color detection in microelectronic structures. The resolution achieved allows us to measure differences in oxide thickness to approximately 30 Angstroms or better. By using the Ohta coordinates, our system can discrimimate between cyclically repeating hues. This determination can be done very rapidly (approximately 100 milliseconds) and does not require a complex (and thus expensive) computer system. An additional advantage of our method is the possibility of more easily and flexibly performing oxide thickness measurements in situ, than can be accomplished with standard techniques, such as ellipsometry.
Indoor wideband time/angle of arrival multipath propagation results (2002)

Most current indoor propagation experiments measure the time of arrival of characteristics of multipath reflections without regard to the angle of arrival. Because of the increasing number of systems that are used indoors and which use multiple antenna systems to combat multipath interference, a need exists for indoor propagation data which takes the angle of arrival into account. A system is described which was used to collect simultaneous time and angle of arrival data in two indoor environments. A total of 65 data sets were taken in two buildings of different construction. The (7 GHz) data confirmed the temporal model proposed by Saleh and Valenzuela (1987), and showed a unique clustering pattern in angle, which consisted of clusters uniformly distributed in angle, with members of the clusters following a Laplacian distribution.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of 4-Hydroxytetralones via a Cascade Stetter−Aldol Reaction Catalyzed by <i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbenes (2009)

A cascade Stetter-aldol reaction of phthalaldehyde and Michael acceptors catalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbenes was developed. The corresponding 3-substituted-4-hydroxytetralones were obtained in moderate to good yields with good trans-selectivities. On the contrary, the separated Stetter reaction followed by aldol reaction gave 3-substituted-4-hydroxytetralones with good cis-selectivity. Oxidation or dehydration of the resulted 4-hydroxytetralone gave the corresponding naphthalenediol or naphthol derivative, respectively, in good yield.
Lower troposphere refractivity bias in GPS occultation retrievals (2003)

Analysis of atmospheric occultation data from the GPS Meteorology experiment has revealed that the refractivity retrievals in the lower troposphere were systematically smaller than those obtained with numerical weather prediction models. It has been suggested that the bias was due to a combination of atmospheric multipath, critical refraction, and receiver tracking errors. In this paper, we show that a similar bias exists in the CHAMP and SAC‐C data and describe the characteristics of the bias based on over 6700 soundings from October 2001. Retrievals obtained using the recently introduced canonical transform method are shown to markedly reduce the refractivity bias; however, a significant bias still remains below 2 km altitude. To better understand the underlying causes of the bias, we perform an end‐to‐end simulation study that incorporates full‐wave signal propagation and realistic receiver tracking effects using an ensemble of atmospheric profiles. We find that atmospheric ducting effects associated with the top of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) at 1–2 km altitude would cause retrieval errors at and below the PBL even in the absence of the receiver errors. Furthermore, current implementation of the receiver tracking algorithm based on an enhanced version of the phase‐locked loop could introduce additional errors under the low signal‐to‐noise ratio conditions that are often encountered in the lower troposphere. The latter problem is expected to be resolved in the near future through the adoption of open‐loop tracking and the removal of the navigation modulation from the GPS signal.
Probing the Influence of Thermally Induced Structural Changes on the Microstructural Evolution in Shale using Multiscale X-ray Scattering Measurements (2018)

Various pathways to accelerate the recovery of hydrocarbons from unconventional subsurface environments have been proposed, including the use of high-temperature fluids. However, the influence of temperature on the structural and microstructural changes in complex subsurface materials characterized by compositional and morphological heterogeneity are not very well understood. In this study, in operando ultrasmall angle, small angle, and wide-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS/SAXS/WAXS) measurements were performed to link the structural and morphological changes in shale when heated from 30 to 1150 °C. The structural changes observed from the wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements were complemented by the changes in the porosity, particle size, and surface morphology. Overall, the combined USAXS/SAXS measurements showed enhanced smoothness in the pore–solid interface on heating. The dehydroxylation of illite and calcination of calcium carbonate were noted prior to the formation of denser and sintered silicate and alumino-silicate phases such as Mg2SiO4 (forsterite), Fe0.3Mg0.7(SiO3) (enstatite), and Al2.35Si0.64O4.82 (mullite).
On global biodiversity estimates (2003)

All measurements and estimates have meaning, if consistent with peer-reviewed data and gifted with heuristic value. In pure science, we judge measures and estimation techniques by their importance to theory. We devise them for maximum relevance, and advance their reliability and precision by successive approximations. If better measures and estimation techniques come along, either by shifts in theoretical context or advances in technology, we discard the old and use the new.
Use of Complex Impedance To Monitor the Progress of Reactions in Epoxy/Amine Model Systems (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUse of Complex Impedance To Monitor the Progress of Reactions in Epoxy/Amine Model SystemsJovan Mijovic and C. F. Winnie YeeCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 25, 7287–7293Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00103a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00103a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views253Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Linking computers and consumer electronics (1997)

The capabilities of our personal computers have increased dramatically over the past 15 years, and so has the number of connectors on the back of our systems. Originally, we needed a serial port for a modem and a parallel port for a printer. Now we also need ports for a mouse, audio input, audio output, video input, video output, Ethernet, and a camera. Enter the IEEE 1394 standard known as Firewire. This standard proposes to provide a single port on the back of our computers that can handle nearly all of the communication for which we now need eight to 10 ports. Along with connecting standard peripherals to computers, Firewire is designed for use with consumer audio, video, and television equipment.
Animal and plant proteins as precursors of peptides with ACE inhibitory activity - an in silico strategy of protein evaluation. (2009)

This paper presents a modern in silico approach useful in the evaluation of proteins as a source of ACE inhibitors. All protein sequences analyzed were derived from the BIOPEP database. To determine the protein value, the following criteria of evaluation were applied: the profile of potential biological (ACE inhibitory) activity of a protein, the frequency of the occurrence of fragments with ACE inhibitory activity (A) and the potential biological activity of a protein (B). The results, based on a statistical analysis, indicate that milk proteins can be a better source of ACE inhibitors than wheat gliadins. Moreover, all analyzed gliadins possessed more potent ACE inhibitors than chicken meat proteins. No significant differences were observed when comparing A values between soy globulins and β-lactoglobulins. Although criteria such as the profile of potential biological activity of protein, as well as parameters A and B, can be suitable tools in protein evaluation, the proteolytic digestion of protein needs to be considered. Moreover, computerised methods of classifying proteins according to different algorithms are often subjective due to discretion in interpretation of the results.
Tribological Evaluation of a UHMWPE Hybrid Nanocomposite Coating Reinforced With Nanoclay and Carbon Nanotubes Under Dry Conditions (2018)

A novel hybrid polymer nanocomposite coating of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) reinforced with nanoclay (C15A) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been developed to protect metallic mating surfaces in tribological applications. The hybrid nanocomposite coatings were deposited on aluminum substrates using an electrostatic spraying technique. Ball-on-disk wear tests using a 440C stainless steel ball as the counterface were conducted on the coatings under dry conditions to determine the optimum amount of the loadings of the nanofillers and evaluate their tribological performance at different normal loads and linear velocities. Micro-indentation, raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical profilometry techniques were used to characterize the coatings in terms of hardness, dispersion of the nanofillers, morphology, and wear mechanisms, respectively. Results showed that the UHMWPE hybrid nanocomposite coating reinforced with 1.5 wt % of C15A nanoclay and 1.5 wt % of CNTs did not fail even until 100,000 cycles at a normal load of 12 N and a linear speed of 0.1 m/s showing a significant improvement in wear resistance as compared to all other coatings evaluated in this study.