gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differences in two <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa cbb<sub>3</sub></i> cytochrome oxidases (2004)

Bacterial cytochrome cbb3 oxidases are members of the haeme-copper oxidase superfamily that are important for energy conservation by a variety of proteobacteria under oxygen-limiting conditions. The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is unusual in possessing two operons that each potentially encode a cbb3 oxidase (cbb3-1 or cbb3-2). Our results demonstrate that, unlike typical enzymes of this class, the cbb3-1 oxidase has an important metabolic function at high oxygen tensions. In highly aerated cultures, cbb3-1 abundance and expression were greater than that of cbb3-2, and only loss of cbb3-1 influenced growth. Also, the activity of cbb3-1, not cbb3-2, inhibited expression of the alternative oxidase CioAB and thus influenced a signal transduction pathway much like that found in the alpha-proteobacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Cbb3-2 appeared to play a more significant role under oxygen limitation by nature of its increased abundance and expression compared to highly aerated cultures, and the regulation of the cbb3-2 operon by the putative iron-sulphur protein Anr. These results indicate that each of the two P. aeruginosa cbb3 isoforms have assumed specialized energetic and regulatory roles.
Automatic Detection of Learner Engagement Using Machine Learning and Wearable Sensors (2020)

Training can now be delivered on a large scale through mobile and web-based platforms in which the learner is often distanced from the instructor and their peers. In order to optimize learner engagement and maximize learning in these contexts, instructional content and strategies must be engaging. Key to the development and study of such content and strategies, and adaptation of instructional techniques when learners become disengaged, is the ability to objectively assess engagement in real-time. Previous self-reported metrics, or expensive EEG-based engagement measures are not appropriate for large-scale platforms due to their complexity and cost. Here we describe the development and testing of a measurement and classification technique that utilizes non-invasive physiological and behavioral monitoring technology to directly assess engagement in classroom, simulation, and live training environments. An experimental study was conducted with 45 students and first responders in a unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) training program to assess the ability to accurately assess learner engagement and discriminate between levels of learner engagement within classroom, simulation and live environments via physiological and behavioral inputs. A series of engagement classifiers were developed using cardiovascular, respiratory, electrodermal, movement, and eye-tracking features that were able to successfully classify engagement levels at an accuracy level of 85% with eye-tracking features included or 81% without eye-tracking features. This approach is capable of monitoring, assessing, and tracking learner engagement across learning situations and contexts, and providing real-time and after action feedback to support instructors in modulating learner engagement.
Formaldehyde degradation filter via recombinant E.coli enzyme (2004)

In order to develop a bioremediation process to degrade formaldehyde gas from house interiors, a formaldehyde degradation filter using immobilized recombinant FDH protein was fabricated. As the results, we have successfully cloned the FDH gene into E.coli and extracted highly purified recombinant FDH protein of 12.4 kU/L. Using the extracted recombinant FDH protein and immobilizing it on a filter we have experimentally verified the degradation capability of such a filter for formaldehyde gas for bioremediation.
Party MIB for version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2) (1993)

The Administrative Model for SNMPv2 document [3] defines the
properties associated with SNMPv2 parties, SNMPv2 contexts, and access
control policies. It is the purpose of this document, the Party MIB
for SNMPv2, to define managed objects which correspond to these
properties. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
Report on Cost-Effectiveness and Energy Svaings from Application of Low-Cost Wireless Sensing (2004)

This report characterizes commercially available wireless technologies that are already being used in building applications or that are suitable for use in commercial buildings. The discussion provides an overview of fundamental concepts of radial broadcasting systems, as well as mesh networks, and will highlight the opportunities and challenges in their integration into existing wired control networks. This report describes two demonstration projects of wireless sensors and their integration into existing control networks and discusses their cost per sensor, their ease of installation, and their reliability. It also describes the load control strategies implemented as a consequence of having the additional data provided by the wireless sensors and provides estimates of the resulting energy and cost savings. The report concludes with presentation of some general future prospects for wireless technologies in buildings applications.
Identification of sex-specific transcripts of the<i>Anopheles gambiae doublesex</i>gene (2005)

The understanding of the molecular mechanisms of sex differentiation in the mosquito Anopheles gambiae could identify important candidate genes for inducing selective male sterility in transgenic lines or for sex-controlled expression of lethal genes. In many insects, doublesex (dsx) is the double-switch gene at the bottom of the somatic sex-determination cascade that determines the differentiation of sexually dimorphic traits. We report here on the identification of the dsx homologue in A. gambiae and on the characterization of its sex-specific transcripts. Agdsx consists of seven exons, distributed over an 85 kb region on chromosome 2R, which are sex-specifically spliced to produce the female and male AgdsxF and AgdsxM transcripts. AgdsxF contains a 795 bp ORF, coding for a protein of 265 amino acids, while AgdsxM comprises a much longer (1866 bp) ORF, coding for a 622 aa protein. Differences in the exon/intron organization suggest that Agdsx sex-specific splicing results from a different mechanism from Drosophila melanogaster dsx. These findings represent an important step towards the understanding of sex differentiation in Anopheles and will facilitate the use of gene transfer technologies to manipulate sex ratios for vector control programs based on the sterile insect technique.
Identification of a new mouse beta-chemokine, thymus-derived chemotactic agent 4, with activity on T lymphocytes and mesangial cells (1997)

Thymus-derived chemotactic agent 4 (TCA4), a new member of the beta-chemokine family, was cloned from a mouse thymic cDNA library. High levels of TCA4 mRNA are expressed in thymus; lower levels of message are found in spleen, heart, and kidney. Anti-TCA4 antibodies were used to localize sites of TCA4 expression within lymphoid tissues. In the thymus, UEA-1+ medullary epithelial cells, some endothelial cells, and additional undefined stromal elements were stained with anti-TCA4. TCA4 was also expressed as a meshlike network in splenic white pulp and in the medullary region of the lymph nodes. In addition, some lymph node and splenic blood vessels stained with anti-TCA4 antibodies. Rel B NFkappaB-deficient mice lack a transcription factor required for the generation of dendritic cells and the development of an organized thymic medulla. Rel B-deficient animals express very low levels of TCA4 in the thymus and little or no TCA4 in the periphery. At subnanomolar concentrations, TCA4 is a chemoattractant of mature T cells; the potential role of this novel chemokine in facilitating normal lymphocyte traffic is discussed. TCA4 is also a chemoattractant of cultured mesangial cells. Neutralizing anti-TCA4 mAb was used to demonstrate the specificity of TCA4-mediated cell migration. Finally, competitive binding studies with a SV40-transformed mouse mesangial cell line demonstrated that other murine beta-chemokines (monocyte chemotactic protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta, and thymus-derived chemotactic agent 3) do not compete for TCA4 binding.
The stereochemical course of the reaction mechanism of trehalose phosphorylase from <i>Schizophyllum commune</i> (1998)

Phosphorolysis of alpha,alpha-trehalose catalyzed by trehalose phosphorylase from the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune proceeds via net retention of anomeric configuration and yields alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate and alpha-D-glucose as the products. In reverse reaction, only the alpha-anomers of D-glucose 1-phosphate and D-glucose are utilized as glucosyl donor and acceptor, respectively, and give exclusively the alpha,alpha-product. Trehalose phosphorylase converts alpha-D-glucose 1-fluoride and phosphate into alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate, a reaction requiring the stereospecific protonation of the glucosyl fluoride by a Brønsted acid. The results are discussed with regard to a plausible reaction mechanism of fungal trehalose phosphorylase.
FastCloning: a highly simplified, purification-free, sequence- and ligation-independent PCR cloning method (2011)

Our FastCloning technique provides a very simple, effective, reliable, and versatile tool for molecular cloning, chimera construction, insertion of any DNA sequences of interest and also for multiple mutations in a short stretch of a cDNA.
Confidence Interval Calculation for Binomial Proportions (2008)

The most common method for calculating the confidence interval is sometimes called the Wald method, and is presented in nearly all statistics textbooks. It is so widely accepted and applied, that for many it is the only method they have used. For most others it is the technique of first choice. Careful study however reveals that it is flawed and inaccurate for a large range of n and p, to such a degree that it is ill-advised as a general method 1,2 . Because of this many statisticians have reverted to the exact Clopper-Pearson method, which is based on the exact binomial distribution, and not a large sample normal approximation (as is the Wald method). Studies have shown however that this confidence interval is very conservative, having coverage levels as high as 99% for a 95% CI, and requiring significantly larger sample sizes for the same level of precision 1,2,3 . An alternate method, called the Wilson Score method is often suggested as a compromise. It has been shown to be accurate for most parameter values and does not suffer from being over-conservative, having coverage levels closer to the nominal level of 95% for a 95% CI. In this discussion a brief review of the Wald, Wilson-Score, and exact Clopper Pearson methods of calculating confidence intervals for binomial proportions will be presented, focusing on differences between the Wald and Wilson Score methods. Sample size calculations for the Wald and Wilson Score methods will also be discussed. SAS programs for these formulas will be also presented and applied to a worked out example, which can be readily modified for other data. Finally the differences between the methods will be discussed in general.
Microlens tipped on a single-mode fibre end for InGaAsP laser coupling improvement (1980)

A new fabrication method for a hemispherical microlens on optical fibre ends is proposed, to achieve high coupling efficiency between an InGaAsP laser with a buried heterostructure geometry and a single-mode fibre. The microlens is fabricated by attaching silica glass to the fibre end, which is then heated to form the desired shape by electric discharge. The lowest coupling loss of 2.9 dB has been achieved by selecting the optimum lens radius at 8.5 μm. Effects of misalignment are also reported.
Use of the aromatase inhibitor 4-hydroxyandrostenedione in postmenopausal breast cancer: optimization of therapeutic dose and route. (1987)

4-Hydroxyandrostenedione (4-OHA) is a potent inhibitor of estrogen production by aromatase and causes suppression of plasma estradiol levels and disease regression in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Groups of patients were given p.o. or parenteral 4-OHA, and plasma estradiol and 4-OHA levels were measured to enable the delineation of the minimal effective dose and optimal therapeutic regimen. A single injection of 500 mg i.m. suppressed estradiol levels to a mean 36.3 +/- 3.3% (SE) (n = 14) of base line after 4 to 7 days and maintained this suppression in six of seven patients for greater than 14 days. The half-life of 4-OHA was approximately 8 days, and when the level had fallen to less than 3 ng/ml, estradiol levels began to rise. Similar suppression was achieved by a single i.m. injection of 125 mg of 4-OHA and by 500 mg of 4-OHA p.o. daily after 1 wk, but escape from suppression was more rapid.
A New Look at Oxygen Enrichment 1) The Diesel Engine (1990)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">New concepts in oxygen enrichment of the inlet air have been examined in tests on two direct injection diesel engines, showing: significant reduction in particulate emissions (nearly 80% at full load), increased thermal efficiency if injection timing control is employed, substantial reductions in exhaust smoke under most conditions, ability to burn inferior quality fuels which is economically very attractive and achivement of turbo-charged levels of output with consequential benefits of increased power/mass and improved thermal efficiency. The replacement of an engine's turbocharger and intercooling system with a smaller turbocharger and polymeric membrane elements to supply the oxygen enriched stream should allow improved transient response. NOx emission remain a problem and can only be reduced to normally aspirated engine levels at some efficiency penalty.</div>
Video composition based on robust estimation of camera parameters from image sequence (2002)

In this paper, we propose a video composition method based on a robust estimation of camera parameters from image sequence. The proposed method is based on an investigation that any camera operation containing a change of scale and a pure 3D rotation can be represented by a 2D geometric transformation. The transformation can explain all the video composition procedure consisting of locating, synchronizing, and operating images. The parameters in the image transformation are estimated from image sequence. The estimation scheme consists of first establishing correspondence and then estimating the parameters by fitting the correspondence data to the transformation model. A robust algorithm based on rejection of outliers is proposed for reliable parameter estimation. Experimental results support the validity of the estimation method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Coding in a Discrete Multitone Modulation System (1996)

Discrete Multitone (DMT) modulation is a multicarrier technique which makes efficient use of the channel, maximizing the htroughput by sending different numbers of bits on different subchannels. The number of bits on each subchannel depends in the Signal-to-Noise Ratio of the subchannel. The performance of a DMT system can be further increased by using powerful coding techniques. This thesis investigates an implementation of coding for a DMT system. The coding techniques considered are Ree-Solomon coding combined with interleaving, and Trellis Coded Modulation. Wei's 4-dimensional 16-state coder combined with trellis shaping is the suggested trellis code. A single encoder is used which codes across the tones of each DMT-symbol. At a bit error probability of 10 -7 the suggested codes gain 3-6 dB over uncoded transmission. Hardware complexity and algorithmic aspects of coding are covered, as well as simulations to verify it.
Modification of Fluorescent Photoinduced Electron Transfer (PET) Sensors/Switches To Produce Molecular Photo‐Ionic Triode Action (2014)

The fluorophore-spacer1-receptor1-spacer2-receptor2 system (where receptor2 alone is photoredox-inactive) shows ionically tunable proton-induced fluorescence off-on switching, which is reminiscent of thermionic triode behavior. This also represents a new extension to modular switch systems based on photoinduced electron transfer (PET) towards the emulation of analogue electronic devices.
RAPID ESTIMATION OF WATER FLOODING PERFORMANCE AND OPTIMIZATION IN EOR BY USING CAPACITANCE RESISTIVE MODEL (2012)

Water flooding, the oldest and most common EOR method, increases the displacement efficiency in a reservoir and also maintains the reservoir pressure for a long period of time. In Iran, water injection is widely used as a method to enhance recovery from oil reservoirs. Defining the optimized injection rates and injection patterns ,dependent on thegeological structure of the reservoir ,isessential in operational and economic al decisions for reservoir management. In this paper, theCapacitance-Resistive Modelis usedto find interwell connectivity, and optimized injection rates in a synthetic field. In this approach, the reservoir receives injector rate variations as an input signal, while the producer responses determine the injector/producer pair connectivity quantitatively. This model is used to predict oil prod uction for a specific reservoir, ifthe production/injection rate and bottomhole pressure data are available. The results show thatthe CapacitanceResistive model has the capability to beusedfor theproductionhistory matching and to optimize the injection rate in different wells of a reservoirduring the immiscible floodingto maximize the oil production. Moreover , they show that any change in oil and water prices can significantly influence the optimized water injection rates.
Nanoparticles: Implication of Ligand Choice on Surface Properties, Crystal Structure, and Magnetic Properties of Iron Nanoparticles (Part. Part. Syst. Charact. 3/2013) (2013)

X-ray absorption fine structure experiments reveal the interaction between iron nanoparticles synthesized with both 2,4-pentanedione and hexaethylene glycol monododecylether ligands, and are presented by Todd Monson and co-workers on page 258. Oxidized species of iron exist at the nanoparticles' surface and can be attributed to iron/ligand interactions. These oxidized species can play a significant role in the nanoparticles' magnetic properties.
The Effect of Bacterial Spot on Yield and Quality of Fresh Market Tomatoes1 (1983)

Abstract Fruit yield and quality were determined in field plots of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum , Mill.) inoculated with Xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria (Doidge) Dye at the 3-4 true leaf stage (early inoculation), or 10 days after first fruit set (late inoculation), and in uninoculated control plots. Early inoculation reduced yields, especially of large-sized fruit. In one of 2 experiments, yield of large-sized fruit was also reduced by late inoculation. Bacterial spot on fruit was responsible for some marketable yield loss in both experiments. Sunscald was significantly increased in early inoculation plots in one of the experiments. No disease effects on crop maturity or total number of fruit harvested were found. Yield losses were more severe than could be accounted for by lost and diseased foliage alone.
Channel Estimation Based on Delay-Subspace Filter for Uplink of CDM-OFDMA System (2006)

In this paper, an uplink channel estimation scheme based on subspace filter is proposed for B3G CDM-OFDMA systems. This algorithm utilizes the slow varying multi-path delay sub-space to decrease the noise of LS estimation It requires fewer pilot sub-carriers than other algorithms and is practical because of its low complexity. So this scheme is very suitable for B3G system uplink since there are too many user channel parameters needed to estimate. Simulation results demonstrate that it Is an effective scheme for the multi-carrier system in the uplink.
A high voltage bulk MESFET using in-situ junctions (2002)

A bulk MESFET based on semiconductor-metal eutectic (SME) composite materials is described, and its application to pulsed power switching is discussed. Numerical modeling of these transistors has shown that is should be possible to design them to hold off very large voltages, and device and materials parameters which should optimize their performance have been identified. Experimental Si-TaSi/sub 2/ SME devices have shown breakdown voltages more than three times that expected for conventional semiconductor junctions of the same carrier concentration, in agreement with the model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: An Easy Procedure for the Highly Regioselective Conversion of Epoxides to Halohydrins. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Der skandinavische Lemming (Lemmus lemmus) als Überrest einer interglazialen skandinavischen Fauna (1920)

Der skandinavische Lemming (Lemmus lemmus) als Uberrest einer interglazialen skandinavischen Fauna
Structure and Properties of Homogeneous Copolymers of Propylene and 1-Hexene (2005)

The solid state structure and properties of homogeneous copolymers of propylene and 1-hexene were studied by examining melting behavior, dynamic mechanical response, and morphology primarily with atomic force microscopy, wide- (WAXS) and small-angle X-ray scattering, and tensile deformation. Chain microstructure was analyzed by 13C NMR. The results indicate that copolymers used in this study have an essentially random distribution of comonomer. For copolymers with less than 10 mol% hexane, crystallinity decreases with increasing comonomer content, as expected for exclusion of comonomer from the polypropylene crystal. The peak melting and crystallization temperatures also decrease with increasing hexene content. Copolymers with more than 10 mol% hexane crystallize with a new crystal structure that permits incorporation of hexene units. This is inferred from a higher level of crystallinity than would be expected if comonomer were excluded from the crystal and better development of the crystals as the hexene content increases. Copolymers with the new crystal structure crystallize slowly. After an incubation period, long fibrous lamellae form sheaf-like arrays that develop into small spherulites. The corresponding enthalpy change as a function of time assumes an S-shape characteristic of a phase transition described by the Avrami process. The new crystallographic form has not been reported for either polypropylene or for poly(1-hexene). It follows from WAXS studies of highly oriented films that the crystallographic unit cell has orthorhombic symmetry with a = 1.9860 nm, b = 1.7176 nm, and c = 0.6458 nm. The most intense diffracting planes are identified as the (210) plane reflecting at 2θ = 10.30°, the (230) plane reflecting at 2θ = 17.65°, the (040) plane reflecting at 2θ = 20.60°, the (031) plane reflecting at 2θ = 20.73°, and the (112) plane reflecting at 2θ = 28.52° for Cu Kα radiation. On the basis of pole figures, it is evident that the easiest slip during plastic deformation of the new crystal form occurs along (0k0) planes.