gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Block remap with turnoff: a variation-tolerant cache design technique (2008)

With reducing feature size, the effects of process variations are becoming more and more predominant. Memory components such as on-chip caches are more susceptible to such variations because of high density and small sized transistors present in them. Process variations can result in high access latency and leakage energy dissipation. This may lead to a functionally correct chip being rejected, resulting in reduced chip yield. In this paper, by considering a process variation affected on-chip data cache, we first analyze performance loss due to worst-case design techniques such as accessing the entire cache with the worst-case access latency or turning off the process variation affected cache blocks, and show that the worst-case design techniques result in significant performance loss and/or high leakage energy. Then by exploiting the fact that not all applications require full associativity at set-level, we propose a variation-tolerant design technique, namely, block remap with turnoff (BRT), to minimize performance loss and leakage energy consumption. In BRT technique we selectively turnoff few blocks after rearranging them in such a way that all sets get almost equal number of process variation affected blocks. By turning off process variation affected blocks of a set, leakage energy can be minimized and the set can be accessed with low latency at the cost of reduced set associativity. We validate our technique by running SPEC2000 CPU benchmark-suite on Simplescalar simulator and show that our technique significantly reduces the performance loss and leakage energy consumption due to process variations.
Electroabsorption in AlGaAs/GaAs multiple quantum well structures grown on a GaP transparent substrate (1987)

The first measurements of electroabsorption in AlGaAs/GaAs multiple quantum wells grown on transparent GaP substrates are reported. High quality quantum well materials with sharp, well defined excitonic resonances are grown by employing a GaAsP intermediate layer between the quantum wells and the substrate. Good surface morphology and abrupt interfaces have been achieved with etch pit densities of 4×105 cm−2. A 7.5-meV shift of the absorption edge to lower energies is observed for field strengths of 8×104 V/cm. These structures are well suited for photonic switch array fabrication.
Effect of alpha-ketoglutarate and<i>N</i>-acetyl cysteine on cyanide-induced oxidative stress mediated cell death in PC12 cells (2010)

Cyanide is a mitochondrial poison, which is ubiquitously present in the environment. Cyanide-induced oxidative stress is known to play a key role in mediating the neurotoxicity and cell death in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. PC12 cells are widely used as a model for neurotoxicity assays in vitro. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of alpha-ketoglutarate (A-KG), a potential cyanide antidote, and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant against toxicity of cyanide in PC12 cells. Cells were treated with various concentrations (0.625-1.25 mM) of potassium cyanide (KCN) for 4 hours, in the presence or absence of simultaneous treatment of A-KG (0.5 mM) and NAC (0.25 mM). Cyanide caused marked decrease in the levels of cellular antioxidants like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR). Lipid peroxidation indicated by elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) was found to be accompanied by decreased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant status (TAS) of the cells. Cyanide-treated cells showed notable increase in caspase-3 activity and induction of apoptotic type of cell death after 24 hours. A-KG and NAC alone were very effective in restoring the levels of GSH and TAS, but together they significantly resolved the effects of cyanide on antioxidant enzymes, MDA levels, and caspase-3 activity. The present study reveals that combination of A-KG and NAC has critical role in abbrogating the oxidative stress-mediated toxicity of cyanide in PC12 cells. The results suggest potential role of A-KG and NAC in cyanide antagonism.
Incremental Maintenance for Materialized Views over Semistructured Data (1998)

Semistructured data is not strictly typed like relational or object-oriented data and may be irregular or incomplete. It often arises in practice, e.g., when heterogeneous data sources are integrated or data is taken from the World Wide Web. Views over semistructured data can be used to filter the data and to restructure (or provide structure to) it. To achieve fast query response time, these views are often materialized. This paper studies incremental maintenance techniques for materialized views over semistructured data. We use the graph-based data model OEM and the query language Lorel, developed at Stanford, as the framework for our work. We propose a new algorithm that produces a set of queries that compute the changes to the view based upon a change to the source. We develop an analytic cost model and compare the cost of executing our incremental maintenance algorithm to that of recomputing the view. We show that for nearly all types of database updates, it is more efficient to a...
Deficits in memory and hippocampal long-term potentiation in mice with reduced calbindin D28K expression. (1996)

The influx of calcium into the postsynaptic neuron is likely to be an important event in memory formation. Among the mechanisms that nerve cells may use to alter the time course or size of a spike of intracellular calcium are cytosolic calcium binding or "buffering" proteins. To consider the role in memory formation of one of these proteins, calbindin D28K, which is abundant in many neurons, including the CA1 pyramidal cells of the hippocampus, transgenic mice deficient in calbindin D28K have been created. These mice show selective impairments in spatial learning paradigms and fail to maintain long-term potentiation. These results suggest a role for calbindin D28K protein in temporally extending a neuronal calcium signal, allowing the activation of calcium-dependent intracellular signaling pathways underlying memory function.
Evaluation of a BIST Technique for CMOS Imagers (2007)

This paper evaluates a new Built-In-Self-Test (BIST) technique for CMOS imagers. The test stimuli are based on applying electrical pulses at the pixel photodiode anode in order to carry out a purely electrical test. The aim of this work is to eliminate some, if not all, optical tests of the pixel matrix to reduce time and cost during production testing at a wafer level. The quality of the BIST technique is evaluated by computing test metrics such as fault coverage for catastrophic and single parametric faults, and pixel fault acceptance and fault rejection under process deviations for two different pixel architectures.
Relativistic Positron Creation Using Ultraintense Short Pulse Lasers (2009)

We measure up to 2x10;{10} positrons per steradian ejected out the back of approximately mm thick gold targets when illuminated with short ( approximately 1 ps) ultraintense ( approximately 1x10;{20} W/cm;{2}) laser pulses. Positrons are produced predominately by the Bethe-Heitler process and have an effective temperature of 2-4 MeV, with the distribution peaking at 4-7 MeV. The angular distribution of the positrons is anisotropic. Modeling based on the measurements indicate the positron density to be approximately 10;{16} positrons/cm;{3}, the highest ever created in the laboratory.
Effective motion learning for a flexible-joint robot using motor babbling (2015)

We propose a method for realizing effective dynamic motion learning in a flexible-joint robot using motor babbling. Flexible-joint robots have recently attracted attention because of their adaptiveness, safety, and, in particular, dynamic motions. It is difficult to control robots that require dynamic motion. In past studies, attractors and oscillators were designed as motion primitives of an assumed task in advance. However, it is difficult to adapt to unintended environmental changes using such methods. To overcome this problem, we use a recurrent neural network (RNN) that does not require predetermined parameters. In this research, we propose a method for facilitating effective learning. First, a robot learns simple motions via motor babbling, acquiring body dynamics using a recurrent neural network (RNN). Motor babbling is the process of movement that infants use to acquire their own body dynamics during their early days. Next, the robot learns additional motions required for a target task using the acquired body dynamics. For acquiring these body dynamics, the robot uses motor babbling with its redundant flexible joints to learn motion primitives. This redundancy implies that there are numerous possible motion patterns. In comparison to a basic learning task, the motion primitives are simply modified to adjust to the task. Next, we focus on the types of motions used in motor babbling. We classify the motions into two motion types, passive motion and active motion. Passive motion involves inertia without any torque input, whereas active motion involves a torque input. The robot acquires body dynamics from the passive motion and a means of torque generation from the active motion. As a result, we demonstrate the importance of performing prior learning via motor babbling before learning a task. In addition, task learning is made more efficient by dividing the motion into two types of motor babbling patterns.
The Spectroscopic, Electrochemical and Structural Characterization of a Family of Ru Complexes Containing the <i>C</i><sub>2</sub>‐Symmetric Didentate Chiral 1,3‐Oxazoline Ligand and Their Catalytic Activity (2007)

Abstract The structural, spectroscopic, and electrochemical characterization and a preliminary catalytic investigation of a family of Ru II complexes with general formula [Ru(Y)(terpy)(phbox‐R)] n + [where terpy is 2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine, phbox‐R is a C 2 ‐symmetric bidentate oxazoline ligand (R = Et or i Pr), and Y is a monodentate ligand], are discussed. The X‐ray structure of [RuCl(terpy)(phbox‐ i Pr)] 2+ has been solved and confirms, as we described recently, the predicted generation of the less hindered atropisomer, which is determined by the conformation of the stereogenic centers in the bidentate ligand. The catalytic properties of the aquo complexes have been tested in epoxidation reactions, and moderate selectivity for the epoxides is obtained for styrene and trans ‐stilbene when using PhI(OAc) 2 as co‐oxidant. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Identification and characterization of human DIAPH3 gene in silico (2004)

Formin homology proteins with FH1 and FH2 domains are signaling effectors for assembly and polarization of actin filaments. FH1 is the binding domain for Profilin, SRC, EMS1/Cortactin, FNBP1, FNBP2, FNBP3, FNBP4 and WBP4/Fbp21, while FH2 is the actin-filament modification domain. Here, we identified and characterized a novel member of Formin-homology gene family, Diaphanous homology 3 (DIAPH3), by using bioinformatics. DIAPH3 isoform 1, corresponding to 3'-truncated FLJ34705 cDNA and 5'-divergent IMAGE5265490 cDNA, encodes full-length DIAPH3 protein (1112 aa), while DIAPH3 isoform 2, identical to NM_030932.2 cDNA, encodes N-terminally truncated DIAPH3 protein (849 aa). DIAPH3 isoform 1, consisting of exons 1-27, was expressed in lymph node, erythroid progenitor cells as well as in pancreatic cancer. DIAPH3 isoform 2, consisting of exons 1b and 8-27, was expressed in testis. DIAPH3 gene at human chromosome 13q21.2 was found to encode two isoforms due to alternative splicing of the alternative promoter type. Full-length human DIAPH3 protein, consisting of FDD, FH1 and FH2 domains, showed 51.3% total-amino-acid identity with DIAPH1, and 57.3% total-amino-acid identity with DIAPH2. FMNL1/FMNL, FMNL2/FHOD2, FMNL3/WBP3, DAAM1, DAAM2, DIAPH1, DIAPH2 and DIAPH3 were classified as the FDD-type Formin homology proteins, while GRID2IP/Delphilin, FHOD1, Fmn1 and Fmn2 were classified as the non-FDD-type Formin homology proteins. This is the first report on identification and characterization of human DIAPH3 gene.
Theoretical and experimental analyses of photovoltaic systems with voltageand current-based maximum power-point tracking (2002)

Detailed theoretical and experimental analyses are presented for the comparison of two simple, fast and reliable maximum power-point tracking (MPPT) techniques for photovoltaic (PV) systems: the voltage-based (VMPPT) and the current-based (CMPPT) approaches. A microprocessor-controlled tracker capable of online voltage and current measurements and programmed with VMPPT and CMPPT algorithms is constructed. The load of the solar system is either a water pump or resistance. "Simulink" facilities are used for simulation and modeling of the novel trackers. The main advantage of this new MPPT, compared with present trackers, is the elimination of reference (dummy) cells which results in a more efficient, less expensive, and more reliable PV system.
A dual frequency microstrip patch antenna for high-precision GPS applications (2004)

Since the Global Positioning System (GPS) was launched, significant progress has been made in GPS receiver technology but the multipath error remains an unsolved problem. As solutions based on signal processing are not adequate, the most effective approach to discriminate between direct and multipath waves is to specify new and more restrictive criteria in the design of the receiving antenna. An innovative low profile, lightweight dual band (L1+L2) GPS radiator with a high multipath-rejection capability is presented. The proposed solution has been realized by two stacked shorted annular elliptical patch antennas. In what follows, a detailed account of the design process and antenna performances is given, presenting both simulated and experimental results.
Adiabatic Pumping Mechanism for Ion Motive ATPases (2003)

An ion motive ATPase is a membrane protein that pumps ions across the membrane at the expense of the chemical energy of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis. Here we describe how an external electric field, by inducing transitions between several protein configurations, can also power this pump. The underlying mechanism may be very similar to that of a recently constructed adiabatic electron pump [Science 283, 1905 (1999)]].
High-order effective-medium theory of subwavelength gratings in classical mounting: application to volume holograms (1998)

We derive closed-form expressions for the effective index of subwavelength gratings up to the fourth and the second order for TE and TM polarization, respectively. These expressions are valid for arbitrary grating structures and are a generalization of previous results obtained for lamellar gratings with one groove per period (a structure often called a two-component layered medium). The effective-medium-theory predictions are carefully validated with exact electromagnetic theories for slanted and unslanted sinusoidally modulated volume gratings and for classical mounting. It is shown that, even for large period-to-wavelength ratios near the cutoff value, the form birefringence is accurately predicted at any angle of incidence.
Effects of annealing on carrier lifetime in 4H-SiC (2006)

We present results of a thermal anneal process that increases the minority carrier lifetime in SiC substrates to in excess of 3μs, compared to the starting as-grown substrates with lifetimes typically in the &lt;10ns range. Measurement of lifetimes was conducted using microwave-photoconductive decay. Electron beam induced current measurements exhibited minority carrier diffusion lengths of up to 65μm, confirming the enhanced carrier lifetime of the annealed substrate material. Additionally, positron annihilation spectroscopy and deep level transient spectroscopic (DLTS) analysis of samples subjected to this anneal process indicated that a significant reduction of deep level defects, particularly Z1∕Z2, may account for the significantly enhanced lifetimes. The enhanced lifetime is coincident with a transformation of the original as-grown crystal into a strained or disordered lattice configuration as a result of the high temperature anneal process. The operational performance of p-i-n diodes employing drift layers fabricated from the annealed high-lifetime substrates confirmed conductivity modulation in the diodes consistent with ambipolar carrier lifetimes in the microsecond range.
An open-source low-cost eye-tracking system for portable real-time and offline tracking (2011)

Open-source eye trackers have the potential to bring gaze-controlled applications to a wider audience or even the mass market due to their low cost, and their flexibility and tracking quality are continuously improving. We here present a new portable low-cost head-mounted eye-tracking system based on the open-source ITU Gaze Tracker software. The setup consists of a pair of self-built tracking glasses with attached cameras for eye and scene recording. The software was significantly extended and functionality was added for calibration in space, scene recording, synchronization for eye and scene videos, and offline tracking. Results of indoor and outdoor evaluations show that our system provides a useful tool for low-cost portable eye tracking; the software is publicly available.
Effects of Interferon on the Expression of Mouse Mammary Tumour Virus in GR Cells (1982)

The effects of interferon treatment on the expression of murine mammary tumour virus (MuMTV) by a continuous mammary tumour cell line of GR mouse were investigated. Interferon markedly inhibited the excretion of MuMTV particles in the culture media as measured by hybridization of virus-specific RNA and virus-associated reverse transcriptase activity. There was no inhibition of virus RNA and protein synthesis in those conditions. The steady-state level of intracellular virus RNA and its rate of synthesis were not modified by interferon treatment. The intracellular levels of the major virus envelope and core proteins as measured by immunoprecipitation techniques remained unchanged. Interferon failed to inhibit the synthesis and the processing of the gp52 glycoprotein and p27 core protein precursors. However, the rate of maturation of the glycoprotein precursor was slowed down. Surface labelling of intact cells did not reveal accumulation of virus proteins on the cell membrane upon interferon treatment. The intracellular level of MuMTV-characteristic reverse transcriptase activity was reduced in interferon treated cells, although to a lower extent than extracellular virion-associated enzyme activity. MuMTV particles released from interferon-treated cells revealed no difference in their protein composition. These results are consistent with an inhibition by interferon of a late step in the replication of MuMTV.
Organophosphatic stem group brachiopods: implications for the phylogeny of the subphylum Linguliformea (2008)

The recognition of potential organophosphatic-shelled stem group brachiopods has important implications for the understanding of brachiopod phylogeny. These groups fall outside the two currently recognized classes of the subphylum Linguliformea - the Lingulata and Paterinata. However, their organophosphatic shell structure and evidence of penetrative setae demonstrate that they are linked phylogenetically with the linguliforms. The proposed Early Cambrian stem-group brachiopods include the problematic, possibly vermiform, organophosphatic sclerite-bearing tannuolinids and the more brachiopod-like Mickwitzia and Heliomedusa. A columnar shell fabric, which was considered previously as a derived feature of acrotretids, is now known also from the tannuolinid Micrina as well as from Mickwitzia, thus indicating that this type of shell structure may be a plesiomorphic character; it was retained in acrotretids and some lingulids, like the Lingulellotretidae, which is here shown to include a wide variety of columnar fabrics. A columnar shell structure (sensu lato) is also identified here from the enigmatic South American Ordovician linguliform brachiopod Bistramia. The shells of Mickwitzia and Heliomedusa also have various types of thicker cylindrical columns (‘tubes’), some of which were clearly open to the exterior surface and can be inferred to have contained setal structures penetrating the shell. Identical perforations are present in Micrina, and a similar function can be inferred for both the columnar fabric of some recently discovered paterinids described here and possibly also of some siphonotretids, indicating that these groups may also be closer to the stem of the brachiopods.
Pentoxifylline and the proteasome inhibitor MG132 induce apoptosis in human leukemia U937 cells through a decrease in the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL and phosphorylation of p65 (2013)

The two drugs used induce apoptosis per se, this cytotoxicity was greater with combination of both drugs. These observations are related with the caspases -9, -3 cleavage and G1 phase cell cycle arrest, and a decrease in p65 phosphorylation and Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL proteins. As well as this combination of drugs promotes the upregulation of the proapoptotic genes and downregulation of antiapoptotic genes. These observations strongly confirm antileukemic potential.
Diurnal Rhythm Related to Standing Posture of a Man (1978)

Thepurposeofthisstudyistofindoutthediurnalrhythmrelatedtomansphysical abilitytostandPhysiologicalfunctiongroupsrelatedtostandingposturearesubjectto exercisereSt and abrupt changes ofcircumstances Someworksconcernedwithstandingposturehave beenreportedl284buttheywere usuallycarriedoutundersome external factors or with exerciseIn this paperWe discusstheexperimentmainlyperformedundertheconstantcircumstancesandwith no exerciseieunder noload situations On the other handdiurnal rhythms appearingin the change of some muscle Strengthhavebeenreported89buttoourknowledgethisisfirsttopresentsuchrhythms foundinmuscularactivitieswhicharemeasuredbyuseoftheelectromyogramanddigital Fouriertransformtechniques Fig1A block diagram of experiment
Platelet Factor XIII and Calpain Negatively Regulate Integrin αIIbβ3 Adhesive Function and Thrombus Growth (2004)

Excessive accumulation of platelets at sites of athero-sclerotic plaque rupture leads to the development of arterial thrombi, precipitating clinical events such as the acute coronary syndromes and ischemic stroke. The major platelet adhesion receptor glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa (integrin alpha(IIb)beta3) plays a central role in this process by promoting platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. We demonstrate here a novel mechanism down-regulating integrin alpha(IIb)beta3 adhesive function, involving platelet factor XIII (FXIII) and calpain, which serves to limit platelet aggregate formation and thrombus growth. This mechanism principally occurs in collagen-adherent platelets and is induced by prolonged elevations in cytosolic calcium, leading to dramatic changes in platelet morphology (membrane contraction, fragmentation, and microvesiculation) and a specific reduction in integrin alpha(IIb)beta3 adhesive function. Adhesion receptor signal transduction plays a major role in the process by sustaining cytosolic calcium flux necessary for calpain and FXIII activation. Analysis of thrombus formation on a type I fibrillar collagen substrate revealed an important role for FXIII and calpain in limiting platelet recruitment into developing aggregates, thereby leading to reduced thrombus formation. These studies define a previously unidentified role for platelet FXIII and calpain in regulating integrin alpha(IIb)beta3 adhesive function. Moreover, they demonstrate the existence of an autoregulatory feedback mechanism that serves to limit excessive platelet accumulation on highly reactive thrombogenic surfaces.