gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transmit Subaperturing for MIMO Radars With Co-Located Antennas (2010)

We present a transmit subaperturing (TS) approach for MIMO radars. A TS-MIMO radar offers a continuum of operating modes from the phased-array radar, which achieves the maximum directional gain but least interference rejection ability, to the omni-directional transmission based MIMO radar, which can handle the largest number of interference sources but offers no directional gain. Tuning of the TS-MIMO system can be made by changing the configuration of the transmit subapertures, which provides a direct trade-off between the directional gain and interference rejection power. The output SINR of the TS-MIMO radar is examined in an interference and training limited environment.
Longitudinal Changes in Corneal Curvature in Keratoconus (2006)

CLEK patients exhibited a slow but clear increase in corneal curvature. Younger age and poorer high-contrast manifest refraction visual acuity at baseline predicted the rate of change in corneal curvature.
Asset Stock Accumulation and Sustainability of Competitive Advantage (1989)

Given incomplete factor markets, appropriate time paths of flow variables must be chosen to build required stocks of assets. That is, critical resources are accumulated rather than acquired in “strategic factor markets” (Barney [Barney, J. 1986. Strategic factor markets: Expectations, luck, and business strategy. Management Sci. (October) 1231–1241.]). Sustainability of a firm's asset position hinges on how easily assets can be substituted or imitated. Imitability is linked to the characteristics of the asset accumulation process: time compression diseconomies, asset mass efficiencies, inter-connectedness, asset erosion and causal ambiguity.
Synthesis of intensity patterns in few-mode optical fibers (1991)

Interference of selected modes in a fiber supporting few lower-order modes and the resulting intensity patterns are examined. It is shown that by properly choosing the amplitude, phase, and order of the interfering modes, intensity patterns with one or more lobes can be synthesized which exhibit rotational or oscillatory behavior in response to an external disturbance. Excitation of the modes required to generate such intensity patterns is discussed. Sensor application is addressed. An example describing the use of a dual-mode fiber as strain sensor is given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optimal caliper widths for propensity‐score matching when estimating differences in means and differences in proportions in observational studies (2010)

In a study comparing the effects of two treatments, the propensity score is the probability of assignment to one treatment conditional on a subject's measured baseline covariates. Propensity-score matching is increasingly being used to estimate the effects of exposures using observational data. In the most common implementation of propensity-score matching, pairs of treated and untreated subjects are formed whose propensity scores differ by at most a pre-specified amount (the caliper width). There has been a little research into the optimal caliper width. We conducted an extensive series of Monte Carlo simulations to determine the optimal caliper width for estimating differences in means (for continuous outcomes) and risk differences (for binary outcomes). When estimating differences in means or risk differences, we recommend that researchers match on the logit of the propensity score using calipers of width equal to 0.2 of the standard deviation of the logit of the propensity score. When at least some of the covariates were continuous, then either this value, or one close to it, minimized the mean square error of the resultant estimated treatment effect. It also eliminated at least 98% of the bias in the crude estimator, and it resulted in confidence intervals with approximately the correct coverage rates. Furthermore, the empirical type I error rate was approximately correct. When all of the covariates were binary, then the choice of caliper width had a much smaller impact on the performance of estimation of risk differences and differences in means.
Regulation of basal myocardial function by NO (1999)

The effects of exogenous and endogenous. NO on myocardial functions such as contraction, relaxation and heart rate have recently gained considerable scientific interest. .NO stimulates myocardial soluble guanylate cyclase to produce cGMP, which activates two major target proteins. A small increase in cGMP levels predominantly inhibits phosphodiesterase III, while high cGMP levels activate cGMP-dependent protein kinase. Accordingly, submicromolar .NO concentrations improve myocardial contraction, while submillimolar .NO concentrations decrease contractility. The latter action includes direct inhibitory .NO effects on ATP synthesis and voltage-gated calcium channels. Overall, the inotropic effects of exogenous .NO are small and probably of minor importance for myocardial contractility. Cardiomyocytes are capable of expressing eNOS and iNOS. Endogenous .NO has effects on myocardial contraction, similar to that of exogenous .NO. Various NOS inhibitors can substantially reduce myocardial contractility in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that basal endogenous .NO production supports myocardial contractility. There is also evidence for a .NO-dependent cardiodepressive effect of cytokines that is mediated by expression of iNOS. This is consistent with the negative inotropic effects of .NO at high concentrations. Cardiodepressive actions of endogenous .NO production may play a role in certain forms of heart failure. Finally, .NO also has an effect on heart rate. Physiologic .NO concentrations can stimulate heart rate by activating the hyperpolarization-activated inward current (If) and this effect decreases at submillimolar .NO concentrations. In summary, physiological concentrations of .NO increase contractility and heart rate under basal conditions, while high .NO concentrations induce the opposite effects.
Mouse Liver CYP2C39 Is a Novel Retinoic Acid 4-Hydroxylase (2004)

Livers of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)-null mice have high levels of retinoic acid (RA), retinol, and retinyl palmitate. Hepatic accumulation of RA in these mice may be responsible in part for the hepatic phenotype characterized by small liver size and fibrosis. The increased levels of hepatic RA may be due to decreased metabolism of RA to 4-hydroxyretinoic acid. To identify the P450 isoform(s) involved in RA metabolism, liver microsomes from AHR-null and wild-type mice were subjected to Western blotting and probed with antibodies to rat P450s that cross-react with murine forms. Signal intensity in Western blots probed with anti-rat CYP2C6 antibodies correlated with levels of RA 4-hydroxylation. Furthermore, this anti-rat CYP2C6 antibody inhibited RA 4-hydroxylase activity of wild-type mouse liver microsomes to the levels of AHR-null mouse liver. When used to screen a mouse liver cDNA expression library, this antibody exclusively recognized the murine P450 CYP2C39. Catalytic assays of five recombinant mouse CYP2Cs expressed in Escherichia coli revealed that only CYP2C39 was competent for RA 4-hydroxylation (K(m) = 812.3 nm and V(max) 47.85 (fmol/min/pmol P450)). Real time reverse transcriptase-PCR used to assess the Cyp2C39 mRNA expression showed decreased levels (30%) of this transcript in AHR-null compared with wild-type liver, consistent with decreased protein levels observed by Western blot analysis using an antibody to a CYP2C39-specific peptide. These data show that CYP2C39 catalyzes RA catabolism and thus possibly controls RA levels in mouse liver. Down-regulation of Cyp2C39 is hypothesized to be responsible for the liver phenotype in the AHR-null mouse.
Automatic Optimisation of Infinite Variable Control Valves (2005)

Abstract This paper discusses the application of an optimisation technique to manage a field consisting of wells with Intelligent Well Technology (IWT) completions that allow the operator to reconfigure well architecture without well intervention. There is currently no generally accepted, efficient, optimisation technique available to optimise the IWT operation so as to maximise well production. The Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) candidate technique has previously proved its value in small and large-scale optimisation problems involving large-scale (gas-lifted) well production networks. SQP's ability to solve this new non-linear problem in a relatively reasonable time will be explained in this paper. In the previous publications we used a reservoir simulator controlled by a manual optimisation procedure to develop a value-statement for IWT. This method has proved it could increase value during the plateau period, but efficient optimisation of the decline period was too demanding in terms of engineering time & computer power. This later requires an automatic optimisation tool to be cost effective. The Reservoir simulator has been linked to a (SQP based) Network optimiser so as to set the well and zone so that the production objectives are maximized, subject to the normal constraints (e.g. pressures, flow rates, water cuts etc. frequently imposed on the individual zonal or well production). The cumulative production increase achieved with manual optimisation (compared to the field level control) was doubled once automatic optimisation with zone-level control was implemented for the real-field based example studied previously. Automatic optimisation did significantly improve tail-end production, but delivered its greatest value by extending the plateau period. The results show that the use of automatic optimisation is valuable when building a "value statement" for the implementation of IWT within a particular field. Automatic Production optimisation (using conventional well) in reservoir simulation Production and Injection wells are usually connected together by a surface network contain pipes, chokes, pumps, etc. A number of studies have been performed in order to set the flow rate per well or per group of wells, different tools have been used to meet constraints inherent to this network of these facilities. Reservoir modellers may optimise rate allocation to optimally determine well rate setting so that network objectives and constraints are simultaneously satisfied.
Committee on Physical Limnology, 1939–40 (1940)

The members of this Committee are: Carl B. Brown, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D.C.; C. S. Howard, United States Geological Survey, Washington, D.C.; Tom C. Mead, United States Bureau of Reclamation, Boulder City, Nevada; M. R. Miller, Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada; Dr. A. H. Wiebe, Tennessee Valley Authority, Norris, Tennessee; Professor Joseph Kittredge, Jr., University of California, Berkeley, California; Dr. Thomas C. Adams (Chairman), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. Appointments to the Committee were made February 16, 1940. It was directed to handle non‐biological problems of limnology. Although much work has been done along this line, work which has very substantial scientific as well as immediately applicable value, the field of physical limnology has not been generally recognized as a separate one. Therefore, the Committee has been obliged to give more than usual consideration to its field of activity, and in the month intervening since its organization, has conducted correspondence between members with this in view.
Biomimetic Doxorubicin Loaded Polymersomes from Hyaluronan-<i>block</i>-Poly(γ-benzyl glutamate) Copolymers (2009)

Using "click chemistry" as an easy and versatile synthetic strategy to combine hyaluronan and polyglutamate blocks, we have prepared nanovesicles (polymersomes) that present a controlled size, excellent colloidal stability, and a high loading capacity for hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. The unique feature of our concept is the use of hyaluronan, a polysaccharide with known capacity for targeting cancer-related protein receptors, as the hydrophilic portion of a block copolymer system. The cytotoxicity and internalization mechanism of doxorubicin-loaded polymersomes have been evaluated in C6 glioma tumor cell lines. The dual purpose served by hyaluronan, as both a hydrophilic block critical to vesicle formation and a binding agent for biological targets, breaks new ground in terms of multifunctional nanomaterial design for drug delivery.
Interferon-α2a reduces MRI disease activity in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (1999)

IFN-alpha2a treatment significantly reduced disease activity as measured by MRI, but the efficacy disappeared within 6 months after discontinuation of treatment. A long-term study of more patients using disability as a primary outcome measure is needed to evaluate the clinical impact.
New types of nanomaterials: powders of gold nanospheres, nanorods, nanostars, and gold-silver nanocages (2013)

We describe a new strategy for the fabrication of plasmonic nanopowders (dried gold or composite nanoparticles) by using wet chemical nanoparticle synthesis, PEG-SH functionalization, and freeze drying. This strategy is illustrated by the successful production of four plasmonic nanopowders, including gold nanorods, nanostars, gold-silver nanocages, and gold nanospheres. The dried nanoparticles can be stored for a long time under ordinary conditions and then easily dissolved in water at a desired concentration without heating, intense sonication, or other harsh treatments. According to the MTT assay with SPEV-2 cells, gold nanorod powder is not toxic at concentrations up to 100 mg/L. Redispersed samples maintain the plasmonresonant properties of the parent colloids and do not form aggregates. These properties make pegylated freeze-dried gold nanoparticles (GNPs) applicable in various fields of biomedicine.
Polaronic trapping of electrons and holes by native defects in anatase<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>TiO</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2009)

We have investigated the formation of native defects in anatase ${\text{TiO}}_{2}$ using density functional theory (DFT) modified with on-site Coulomb terms $(\text{DFT}+U)$ applied to both $\text{Ti}\text{ }d$ and $\text{O}\text{ }p$ states. Oxygen vacancies and titanium interstitials are found to be deep donors that trap two and four electrons, with transition levels that explain the two features seen in deep level transient spectroscopy experiments. Titanium vacancies are deep acceptors accommodating four holes. Self-trapping of both electrons and holes is also predicted. In all cases both donor and acceptor trap states correspond to strongly localized small polarons, in agreement with experimental EPR data. Variation in defect formation energies with stoichiometry explains the poor hole-trapping of reduced ${\text{TiO}}_{2}$.
[Embolization of an arteriovenous fistula in the posterior fossa: report of a case]. (1991)

We report a case of posterior fossa arteriovenous fistula with a possible arterial aneurysm. The patient was a 15-year-old female. She was transferred to us because of a sudden onset of dyspnea, severe headaches, and loss of consciousness. The CT scan found an abnormal vascular lesion in the posterior fossa. Calcification was noted in the wall of the largest abnormal vascular structure. The angiogram showed a focal aneurysmal dilatation of the hemispheric branch of the right posterior inferior cerebellar artery, followed by an arteriovenous fistula, which drained to the right transverse sinus. Embolization was performed by implanting a detachable balloon into the proximal end of the aneurysm. These abnormal vascular structures disappeared completely on the angiogram after the embolization. CT scan one week after embolization showed increased density in these abnormal vascular structures, with no enhancement after contrast, indicating thrombosis or the formation of a blood clot in their lumen. The CT half a year after embolization showed reduction in size and a low density change in the largest vascular structure with calcification in the wall. All other abnormal vascular structures disappeared. An angiogram half a year after the embolization confirmed no recurrence of the aneurysm or arteriovenous fistula.
An environment for generating FPGA architectures for image algebra-based algorithms (2002)

FPGA technology offers the potential for low cost, high performance for certain applications, including image processing. However, the programming model which FPGAs typically present to application developers is prohibitively low level. This paper presents a software environment and architecture description approach which enable the dynamic generation of FPGA architectures for high level image processing operations based on image algebra. Scaleable, parameterised architectures can be described using a small set of Prolog constructors which specify an architecture as a parameterised composition of base level building blocks. The environment includes a rule-based generator which produces EDIF netlist files for each high level operation, targeted to Xilinx XC6200 series FPGAs.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES INVOLVING NITROGEN‐OXYGEN DONOR MACROCYCLIC LIGANDS. INTERACTION OF COPPER(II) WITH NEW O2N3‐DONOR MACROCYCLES AND THE X‐RAY ANALYSIS OF AQUA(1,12,16‐TRIAZA‐3,4:9,10‐DIBENZO‐5,8‐DIOXACYCLOOCTADECANE)COPPER(II) DIPERCHLORATE HYDRATE (1981)

Abstract Die makrocyclischen Liganden L′, L2 und L3 werden durch Kondensation der entsprechenden Triamine NHQ ‐2‐NH‐Y‐NH2 mit 1,4‐Bis‐[2‐formylphenyl]‐ 1,4‐dioxabutan und anschließende NaBH 4 ‐Hydrierung dargestellt.
Interferometry Based on the Lau Effect a Quasi-ray Description (1985)

Abstract There are two families of interferometric devices incorporating two gratings and an extended source that are based on the Lau effect. In this paper the ray-optics techniques made possible by using the Wigner distribution function are used to provide a simple description of these two families. Some new features of these devices are identified and experimental results are reported.
High frame rate doppler ultrasound bandwidth imaging for flow instability mapping (2019)

DUBI can detect unstable flow. This new technique can provide useful hemodynamic information that may aid clinical diagnosis of atherosclerosis.
Memcached DDoS Exploits: Operations, Vulnerabilities, Preventions and Mitigations (2018)

This paper focuses on Memcached security from DDoS attacks during all stages of attack life cycle. It identifies Memcached architecture flaws on the one hand (which are long been ignored by developers of Memcached) and preventions/mitigation of DDoS attacks through several techniques depending on the type of vulnerability being exploited by the attacker on the other hand. In this paper we have explained the Memcached operations and architecture to identify and show the possible flaws in both of them. We have also taken reference of largest DDoS attacks ever recorded in the history of computer networks and as a follow up to recent attacks on Memcached this paper presents a fresh and strong list of simple commands and configuration security steps that are capable to avoid or mitigate Memcached DDoS attacks.
900-nm Nd:Ti:LiNbO_3 waveguide laser (1997)

We report what is to our knowledge the first laser operation of Nd(3+) -doped LiNbO(3) near 900 nm. An absorbed power threshold of 26 mW was obtained when the device was pumped at 814 nm. The design of the waveguide geometry to favor laser operation at this wavelength is demonstrated.
Catalytic Asymmetric Addition of Alkylzinc and Functionalized Alkylzinc Reagents to Ketones (2004)

We describe our full report of the catalytic asymmetric addition of simple and functionalized dialkylzinc reagents to a broad range of saturated ketones and enones. The functionalized organozinc reagents contain esters, silyl ethers, alkyl chlorides, and alkyl bromides. In general, the resulting tertiary alcohol products are isolated with high ee's. With some substrates, yields are low as a result of the formation of aldol byproducts. Most substrates undergo additions with good yields reaching as high as 91%.
HLA (A*0201) Mimicry by Anti-Idiotypic Monoclonal Antibodies (1998)

Soluble MHC Ags and anti-Id (anti-anti-MHC) Abs have both been shown to inhibit MHC alloantigen-specific B cell responses in vivo. We hypothesized that some anti-idiotypic Abs function as divalent molecular mimics of soluble HLA alloantigen. To test this idea, we studied two well-defined anti-idiotypic mAbs, T10-505 and T10-938, elicited in syngeneic BALB/c mice by immunization with CRll-351, an HLA-A2,24,28-specific mAb. Each anti-Id induced "Ab-3" Abs in rabbits that cross-reacted with HLA-A2 but not with HLA-B Ags. Furthermore, each anti-Id could bind to and block Ag recognition by Ha5C2.A2, a human homologue of mAb CRll-351. Both anti-Id mAb displayed weak reactivity with the human mAb SN66E3, which recognized an overlapping but distinct determinant of HLA-A2 Ags; neither reacted with human mAb MBW1, which recognized a nonoverlapping HLA-A2 determinant. Amino acid sequence comparison of mAb CRII-351 heavy and light chain variable region complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) with those of mAb Ha5C2.A2 and SN66E3 revealed short regions of homology with both human mAb; a large insert in the light chain CDR1 of mAb SN66E3 distinguished it from both CRll-351 and Ha5C2.A2. The amino acid sequences of mAb T10-505 and T10-938, which differed markedly from each other, revealed no homology to the alpha2 domain sequence of HLA-A*0201 that contains the CRll-351 mAb-defined epitope. We conclude that structurally different anti-Id Abs can mimic a polymorphic conformational epitope of an HLA Ag. In the case of T10-505 and T10-938 mimicry was not based on exact replication of the epitope by the hypervariable loops of the anti-Id mAb.
Rapid Laser Induced Energy Transfer in Atomic Systems (1978)

Analytical and experimental studies of the rapid transfer of stored populations from metastable states to selected target states of a different species are reported. Both laser-induced or laser-switched collision and laser-induced two-photon spontaneous emission are described. It is shown that the laser-induced collision method is particularly useful in the visible and UV spectral regions. It has applications in photochemistry, gas-phase kinetics, and in high-power, high-energy gas-phase lasers. The anti-Stokes source is useful in the VUV and soft X-ray spectral regions.
Definitive localization of X-linked Kallman syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia) to Xp22.3: close linkage to the hypervariable repeat sequence CRI-S232. (1990)

Kallmann syndrome is a genetically heterogeneous disease characterized by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia. Six families in which the disorder followed an X-linked inheritance were investigated by linkage analysis. Diagnostic criteria were uniformly applied and included tests for hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia. Close linkage was found by using the hypervariable repeated sequence CRI-S232 (DXS278) previously mapped to Xp22.3. At a maximum lod score of 6.5, the recombination fraction was calculated as .03. Of 30 fully informative meioses, one recombination between the disease locus and the loci recognized by probe CRI-S232 was observed. When an independent approach is used, these results confirm the X-linked Kallmann syndrome assignment previously made by deletion mapping, and allow definitive localization of the syndrome assignment previously made by deletion mapping, and allow definitive localization of the syndrome to the Xp22.3 region. This opens the way to carrier detection and to the identification of a gene responsible for this disorder.