gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Evaluation of Gd<sup>III</sup>‐Based Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agents for Molecular Imaging of Prostate‐Specific Membrane Antigen (2015)

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is advantageous because it concurrently provides anatomic, functional, and molecular information. MR molecular imaging can combine the high spatial resolution of this established clinical modality with molecular profiling in vivo. However, as a result of the intrinsically low sensitivity of MR imaging, high local concentrations of biological targets are required to generate discernable MR contrast. We hypothesize that the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), an attractive target for imaging and therapy of prostate cancer, could serve as a suitable biomarker for MR-based molecular imaging. We have synthesized three new high-affinity, low-molecular-weight Gd(III) -based PSMA-targeted contrast agents containing one to three Gd(III) chelates per molecule. We evaluated the relaxometric properties of these agents in solution, in prostate cancer cells, and in an in vivo experimental model to demonstrate the feasibility of PSMA-based MR molecular imaging.
A Study on the Thin Plate with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Composite (1977)

In this paper we describe an experimental study, this article is\n\tto report fundamental data of constructions attained by carbon fiber\n\treinforced hybrid composite of O.9mm in thickness whose resin base\n\twas reinforced. As a result of this series of test and experiments,\n\tit was found that; it is possible to attain reinforced resin base of\n\thybrid composite of C.F.R.P. 16 times as much in rigidity against\n\tbending load as compared with that of single construction was observed\n\twith composite of O.9mm lamina. It was found that sandwich construction\n\tof C.F.R.P. is superior, while, in the case of canape construction,\n\tit was found necessary to have C.F.R.P. on the tension\n\tside. G.F.R.P. has possibility to be reinforced composite material,\n\talthough it is considerably less superior to C.F.R.P.
The Creation of Motherhood (2000)

Abstract This paper explores the experiences of lesbian co-mothers who have had children with their partners through the use of alternative insemination. It attempts to demonstrate what factors, environmental, interpersonal and intrapersonal, contribute to the co-mothers' concepts and the development of themselves as mothers. A narrative approach was used to best create a forum for lesbian co-mothers to tell their stories as they saw them and as they chose, in an attempt to make their “invisible” experiences visible. These findings support, contradict, and add to previous research and conceptualizations of lesbian co-mothers.
Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis: clinical features and their influence on survival (1980)

A retrospective analysis of 220 cases fulfilling criteria for cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA) attending the Brompton Hospital between 1955 and 1973 has been carried out and patients have been followed for between four and 21 years. The frequency of various clinical features confirms previous reports. The 2: 1 male preponderance was similar in all age groups. The mean age at presentation was 54 years ± 12 SD; 202 (92%) of the patients presented with dyspnoea, the severity of which was related to the reduction in vital capacity (p<0·003) and to the radiographic profusion score (p<0·01) but not to its duration. Twenty-one per cent of the 220 had joint symptoms, 10% having clinical rheumatoid arthritis. Eleven per cent had other types of connective tissue disorder. In all, 30% had polyarthritis or other immunological disorders and 70% lone CFA. Apart from an increase in rheumatoid factor in those with polyarthritis, there were no other clinical or survival differences between those with and without associated immunological disease. Forty-five per cent of 205 subjects had antinuclear antibody, and this occurred equally in those with and without associated connective tissue disorders. One hundred and forty-seven initial radiographs were available for reclassification using the ILO/UC system and only three were normal. Small rounded opacities were seen in 16% and small irregular opacities in 84%. Pleural changes were uncommon. Histological confirmation had been obtained in 118 patients and material was still available for review using a semiquantitative analysis in 68 (biopsy 42 and necropsy 26). Of the biopsies one could be classified as desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP) and 17 as endstage fibrosis; the other 24 showed a mixed cellular and fibrotic pattern. The necropsy material showed much greater fibrosis and less acute inflammatory cellularity in spite of an interval between onset of symptoms and death of less than four years in 21 of 26 patients. One hundred and fifty-six patients have died (mean survival 3·2 years). Eleven (5%) are believed to be alive but have been lost to follow-up. Fifty-five per cent of deaths were attributable directly or indirectly to CFA. There was also an excess of deaths from cardiovascular disease and lung cancer. Using a life-table analysis and a log rank test, longer survival was seen in younger patients (p<0·001) and women (p<0·01). After correction for age and sex, lesser grades of dyspnoea (p<0·03) and lesser radiographic abnormality (p<0·001), absence of right axis deviation (p<0·001), and a higher Pao<sub>2</sub> (p<0·01) also related to longer survival. Subjects with more cellular histology also survived longer (p<0·02). Factors having no influence on survival included duration of dyspnoea before presentation, degree of reduction of FEV<sub>1</sub>, FVC, and TLC, the presence of “connective tissue” disorders, autoantibodies, smoking history, cough, sputum, crackles, clubbing, ESR, or immunoglobulins.
Model-Based Planar Contour Following in the Presence of Pose and Model Errors (1997)

This article shows how the use of a geometric model during planar contour following with a force-controlled robot results in a higher quality (i.e., faster and/or more accurate) task execution, even in the presence of pose and model errors. Neither the pose (i.e., position and orientation) of the contour nor the starting point on the contour have to be known in advance. The contour is described by curvature and/or orientation of the normal direction, as a function of arc length. The con tour is identified on-line from the sensor measurements, and matched on-line with its model. This yields an estimate of the point in the model that corresponds to the real contact point. The curvature from the model is then used to generate feed- forward velocity set points. The article compares a nonrecursive deterministic least- squares matching strategy with recursive stochastic matching strategies, based on the extended Kalman filter and the Page- Hinkley hypothesis test. Matching is preferably based on cur vature profiles, since these are Euclidean invariant and hence reduce the search space of the matching. On contours with piecewise constant curvature, however, the extended Kalman- filter strategy uses the orientation of the normal direction. Extensive experimental evaluation of these strategies is given, including shape matching based on data during a deburring task. 1. The definition of this tangent frame is based on the Frenet frame; see Section 2.1. 2. Curvature, arc length, and orientation of the normal are defined in Section 2.1.
Fabry-Pérot-Michelson interferometer using higher-order Laguerre-Gauss modes (2014)

One of the main noise sources for future interferometric gravitational wave detectors will be the thermal fluctuations of the mirrors used as test masses. To reduce the effect of this noise without changing the mirror material, size and temperature, the use of Laguerre-Gauss (LG) modes has been proposed. In this work we report the first experimental results obtained with a Fabry-P\'erot Michelson interferometer operated with Laguerre-Gauss ${\mathrm{LG}}_{33}$ as input mode and developed as a table-top prototype to test alignment and matching procedures, possible control issues and optical performances of the ${\mathrm{LG}}_{33}$. Among the results obtained, we have demonstrated the degradation of the interferometer contrast of the ${\mathrm{LG}}_{33}$ with respect to the Gaussian beam, predicted by several previous simulations works and due to the degeneracy of LG modes having the same order. In addition, the observed contrast degradation for the ${\mathrm{LG}}_{33}$ as well as the interferometer optical properties have been explained using a numerical simulation.
Adding quantitative muscle MRI to the FSHD clinical trial toolbox (2017)

We show a strong correlation between quantitative muscle MRI and clinical outcome measures. Muscle MRI is able to detect muscle pathology before clinical involvement of the leg muscles. This indicates that quantitative leg muscle MRI is a promising biomarker that captures disease severity and motor functioning and can thus be included in the FSHD trial toolbox.
A facile solvothermal growth of single crystal mixed halide perovskite CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>Pb(Br<sub>1−x</sub>Cl<sub>x</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (2015)

We demonstrate a facile synthetic approach for preparing mixed halide perovskite (CH3NH3)Pb(Br1-xClx)3 single crystals by the solvothermal growth of stoichiometric PbBr2 and [(1 - y)CH3NH3Br + yCH3NH3Cl] DMF precursor solutions. The band gap of (CH3NH3)Pb(Br1-xClx)3 single crystals increased and the unit cell dimensions decreased with an increase in Cl content x, consistent with previous theoretical predictions. Interestingly, the Cl/Br ratio in the (CH3NH3)Pb(Br1-xClx)3 single crystals is larger than that of the precursor solution, suggesting an unusual crystal growth mechanism.
Biosynthesis of Hibarimicins. III. Structures of New Hibarimicin-related Metabolites Produced by Blocked Mutants. (2002)

Structures of metabolites produced by blocked mutants of Microbispora rosea subsp. hibaria TP-A0121, hibarimicin-producer, were determined by spectroscopic analysis. HMP-Y6 is the dimer of the west half of hibarimicin B, the aglycon of which is the genuine biosynthetic intermediate. HMP-P1 is the shunt product arising from the release of a methanol molecule from hibarimicinone. HMP-P4, the glycoside of HMP-P1, is glycosylated with two amicetoses and two digitoxoses same as hibarimicin B. HMP-M1, M2, M3 and M4 are shunt products derived from the monomeric undecaketide intermediates.
Integrative genome‐wide analysis reveals a robust genomic glioblastoma signature associated with copy number driving changes in gene expression (2008)

Glioblastoma multiforme shows multiple chromosomal aberrations, the impact of which on gene expression remains unclear. To investigate this relationship and to identify putative initiating genomic events, we integrated a paired copy number and gene expression survey in glioblastoma using whole human genome arrays. Loci of recurrent copy number alterations were combined with gene expression profiles obtained on the same tumor samples. We identified a set of 406 "cis-acting DNA targeted genes" corresponding to genomic aberrations with direct copy-number-driving changes in gene expression, defined as genes with either significantly concordant or correlated changes in DNA copy number and expression. Functional annotation revealed that these genes participate in key processes of cancer cell biology, providing insights into the genetic mechanisms driving glioblastoma. The robustness of the gene selection was validated on an external microarray data set including 81 glioblastomas and 23 non-neoplastic brain samples. The integration of array CGH and gene expression data highlights a robust cis-acting DNA targeted genes signature that may be critical for glioblastoma progression, with two tumor suppressor genes PCDH9 and STARD13 that could be involved in tumor invasiveness and resistance to etoposide.
From medical imaging data to 3D printed anatomical models (2017)

Anatomical models are important training and teaching tools in the clinical environment and are routinely used in medical imaging research. Advances in segmentation algorithms and increased availability of three-dimensional (3D) printers have made it possible to create cost-efficient patient-specific models without expert knowledge. We introduce a general workflow that can be used to convert volumetric medical imaging data (as generated by Computer Tomography (CT)) to 3D printed physical models. This process is broken up into three steps: image segmentation, mesh refinement and 3D printing. To lower the barrier to entry and provide the best options when aiming to 3D print an anatomical model from medical images, we provide an overview of relevant free and open-source image segmentation tools as well as 3D printing technologies. We demonstrate the utility of this streamlined workflow by creating models of ribs, liver, and lung using a Fused Deposition Modelling 3D printer.
Gas Adsorption Characteristics of Metal–Organic Frameworks via Quartz Crystal Microbalance Techniques (2012)

We report an experimental investigation of the adsorption properties of two important small-pore metal–organic framework (MOF) materials recently identified for gas separation applications, through the development and use of a high-pressure/high-temperature quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) device. In particular, we characterize in detail the CO2, CH4, and N2 adsorption characteristics of the MOFs Cu(4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)bisbenzoate)1.5 (referred to as Cu–hfipbb) and zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 (ZIF-90). We first describe the construction of a QCM-based adsorption measurement apparatus. Single-component adsorption isotherms of CO2, CH4, and N2 in the two MOFs were then measured at temperatures ranging from 30 to 70 °C and pressures ranging from 0.3 to 110 psi. In both materials, the order of adsorption strength is CO2 > CH4 > N2. We find that adsorption in the 1-D channels of Cu–hfipbb can be well described by a single-site Langmuir model. On the other hand, adsorption in ZIF-90 follows a more complex behavior, commensurate with its pore structure consisting of large porous cages connected in three dimensions by small windows. The nongravimetric QCM-based measurement techniques are shown to be a valuable microanalytical tool for the study of molecular adsorption in MOFs.
Lewissäure‐katalysierte Umsetzung von aliphatischen Ketonen mit tert.‐Butyl‐isonitril (1968)

Abstract Aus Aceton bzw. Methyl‐äthyl‐keton und tert.‐Butyl‐isonitril bilden sich in Anwesenheit von Bortrifluorid Alken‐(1)‐yl‐(2)‐glyoxylsäure‐tert.‐butylamide ( 2 bzw. 3 ) sowie α‐Hydroxycarbonsäure‐tert.‐butylamide ( 7 bzw. 8 ).
Specific Binding of Cinnamycin (Ro 09-0198) to Phosphatidylethanolamine. Comparison between Micellar and Membrane Environments (2003)

Cinnamycin (Ro 09-0198) is a tetracyclic peptide antibiotic that binds specifically to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Formation of a complex with phosphatidylethanolamine follows a 1:1 stoichiometry. Using high-sensitivity isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), we have measured the thermodynamic parameters of complex formation for two different PE environments, namely, PE dissolved either in octyl glucoside (OG) micelles or in a 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) bilayer membrane. We have compared diacyl-PE with lyso-PE and have varied the carbon chain length from 6 to 18. Binding requires both a PE headgroup and at least one fatty acyl chain. The optimum chain length for complex formation (n) is eight. Longer chains do not enhance the binding affinity; for shorter chains, the interaction is weakened. The cinnamycin-PE complex has a binding constant K(0) of approximately 10(7)-10(8) M(-1) in the POPC membrane and only approximately 10(6) M(-1) in the octyl glucoside micelle. The difference can be attributed to the nonspecific hydrophobic interaction of cinnamycin with the lipid membrane. Complex formation is enthalpy-driven in OG micelles, whereas enthalpy and entropy make equal contributions in bilayer membranes. However, for the optimum chain length (n) of eight, the binding reaction is also completely enthalpy-driven for the bilayer membrane.
Treatment of Alzheimer-type dementia with intravenous mecobalamin. (1992)

The efficacy of intravenous mecobalamin in the treatment of Alzheimer-type dementia was evaluated in ten patients using several rating scales. Vitamin B12 levels and unsaturated binding capacities were also measured and compared to the evaluated intellectual function scores. Mecobalamin was shown to improve intellectual functions, such as memory, emotional functions, and communication with other people. Improvements in cognitive functions were relatively constant when the vitamin B12 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid were high. Improvements in communication functions were seen when a certain level of vitamin B12 was maintained for a longer period. There were no side effects attributable to mecobalamin. We conclude that mecobalamin is a safe and effective treatment for psychiatric disorders in patients with Alzheimer-type dementia.
[The use of the polymerase chain reaction method in studying the causative agents of diphtherial infection]. (1993)

A method for identification of genomic polymorphism of strains belonging to different biovars Corynebacterium diphtheriae has been described. The method is based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using universal inter-species oligonucleotide primer N 45. Using this method 17 strains of C. diphtheria, isolated in the western region of Ukraine during epidemic activity in 1992, were studied. The study has shown high similarity of PCR patterns of toxicogenic and non-toxicogenic strains of both mitis and gravis biovars. It is supposed that the method will be used in molecular epidemiology to identify new pathogenic isolates from different regions and countries.
Expression of p60v-src in Saccharomyces cerevisiae results in elevation of p34CDC28 kinase activity and release of the dependence of DNA replication on mitosis. (1993)

Expression of the oncogenic protein tyrosine kinase p60v-src in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been shown to result in rapid cell death (J. S. Brugge, G. Jarosik, J. Andersen, A. Queral-Lustig, M. Fedor-Chaiken, and J. R. Broach, Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:2180-2187, 1987). Work described here demonstrates that v-Src expression results in accumulation of large-budded cells and a nuclear division block without blocking cytokinesis. Flow-cytometric analysis indicates that the DNA content of these cells is elevated beyond the G2 DNA content, and genetic studies indicate that v-Src expression causes aneuploidy. The activity of Cdc28 kinase, which controls the G1/S and G2/M transitions in S. cerevisiae, increases during galactose induction in a Src+ strain but not in an isogenic Src- strain. These observations indicate that v-Src expression disrupts p34CDC28 kinase regulation, allowing DNA replication to proceed in the absence of a prior mitotic event.
Processing homonyms in the Kana-to-Kanji conversion (1996)

This paper proposes two new methods to identify the correct meaning of Japanese homonyms in text based on the noun-verb co-occurrence in a sentence which can be obtained easily from corpora. The first method uses the near co-occurrence data sets, which are constructed from the above co-occurrence relation, to select the most feasible word among homonyms in the scope of a sentence. The second uses the far co-occurrence data sets, which are constructed dynamically from the near co-occurrence data sets in the course of processing input sentences, to select the most feasible word among homonyms in the scope of a sequence of sentences. An experiment of kana-to-kanji (phonogram-to-ideograph) conversion has shown that the conversion is carried out at the accuracy rate of 79.6% per word by the first method. This accuracy rate of our method is 7.4% higher than that of the ordinary method based on the word occurrence frequency.
Insulin resistance in equine digital vessel rings: An <i>in vitro</i> model to study vascular dysfunction in equine laminitis (2011)

The study suggests that the induction of insulin resistance in equine palmar digital vessel rings is reliable and provides a good in vitro model for studying the vascular insulin resistance which may occur in equine laminitis.
System-level power-aware design techniques in real-time systems (2003)

Power and energy consumption has recently become an important issue and consequently, power-aware techniques are being devised at all levels of system design; from the circuit and device level, to the architectural, compiler, operating system, and networking layers. In this paper, we concentrate on power-aware design techniques for real-time systems. While the main focus is on hard real-time, soft real-time systems are considered as well. We start with the motivation for focusing on these systems and provide a brief discussion on power and energy objectives. We then follow with a survey of current research on a layer-by-layer basis. We conclude with illustrative examples and open research challenges. This paper provides an overview of power-aware techniques for the real-time system engineer as well as an up-to-date reference list for the researcher.
Metabolic shift analysis at high cell densities (1994)

In high cell density cultures it is virtually inevitable that the environment to which the cells are exposed is heterogeneous. Thus, with suspended cultures, individual cells are subject to temporal changes in their environment whereas with aggregated or immobilized cells, the culture can be considered as being formed by a number of subpopulations, each with its own environmental characteristics. In addition, in a high cell density environment, high concentrations of end products may negatively influence the growth rate. This may result in the selection of organisms with an altered metabolic behaviour or with a decreased sensitivity to the adverse effects of the product. We discuss the consequences of this heterogeneity with regard to carbon source metabolism in view of the ability of many bacterial species to adapt to environmental conditions. Selection of variant organisms was found to occur with Clostridium butyricum when grown for a prolonged time in a medium containing approx. I-50 mM glucose. In contrast to the original strain, these variants could sustain a high maximal growth rate in the presence of butyric acid. In addition, they had acquired the capacity to spontaneously form aggregates and were able to carry out a completely solventogenic fermentation. Heterogeneous metabolic activity in aggregated cells is demonstrated with cultures of Lactobacillus laevolacticus, an aggregateforming lactic acid bacterium that converts glucose completely to o-lactate. By using microelectrodes, we show that the fraction of metabolically active cells decreases with increasing aggregate size: in larger aggregates steep pH gradients occur with the effect that only the outer layer of the aggregate is metabolically active, i.e. contributes to lactic acid formation, whereas with smaller aggregates all cells remain active. As a result, the net specific lactic acid production rate of the population as a whole is not invariably increased with increased aggregate size.