gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification and measurement of molecular variants of cholecystokinin in duodenal mucosa and plasma. Diminished concentrations in patients with celiac disease. (1982)

The amount and type of cholecystokinin (CCK) in duodenal extracts and plasma of celiac patients and normal subjects was studied by radioimmunoassay and gel filtration. In both groups there were similar patterns of molecular forms in extracts of duodenal biopsies, but concentrations in celiac disease were significantly depressed. In boiling water extracts of duodenal mucosa from both groups a factor with the properties of the COOH-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin predominated, but there were also significant amounts of a larger molecular weight form. In acid extracts of mucosa a factor with the properties of the 33 or 39 residue form was identified in amounts that were approximately 25% those of CCK8; there were also similar amounts of an acid-soluble form that had an apparent molecular weight higher than CCK39. Plasma immunoreactive cholecystokinin was studied after concentration by immunoaffinity adsorption and fractionation by gel filtration. In normal subjects fasting CCK-like immunoreactivity was less than 0.8 pmol/liter, and after a light breakfast increased to 2.0 +/- 0.7 (range 1.0 to 4.8) pmol/liter; CCK8-like activity accounted for all the increased immunoreactivity. In five of six celiac patients the concentrations of both fasting and postprandial CCK-like immunoreactivity in plasma were undetectable (less than 0.8 pmol/liter). We conclude that diminished production and release of CCK could account for the impaired pancreatic and gall bladder responses to intraluminal stimuli in celiac disease.
Metathese schwefelhaltiger Olefine mit einem metallacyclischen Aryloxo(chloro)neopentyliden‐wolfram‐Komplex (1993)

Selbstmetathesen und Cometathesen acyclischer und ungespannter cyclischer Olefine mit Schwefelsubstituenten werden durch den Wolframkomplex 1 katalysiert. Daß hier keine Katalysatorvergiftung durch die Schwefelgruppen eintritt, dürfte in der sterischen Abschirmung des Wolframatoms und der Starrheit der Koordinationssphäre begründet sein. Die intramolekulare, durch 1 katalysierte Metathese von Diallylsulfid liefert beispielsweise in 80‐90% Ausbeute 2,5‐Dihydrothiophen sowie Ethylen. magnified image
Scanning force microscopy - With Applications to Electric, Magnetic and Atomic Forces (1991)

PART ONE: LEVERS AND NOISE 1. Mechanical properties of levers 2. Resonance enhancement 3. Sources of noise PART TWO: SCANNING FORCE MICROSCOPES 4. Tunneling detection systems 5. Capacitance detection systems 6. Homodyne detection systems 7. Heterodyne detection systems 8. Laser-Diode feedback detection systems 9. Polarization detection systems 10. Deflection detection systems PART THREE: SCANNING FORCE MICROSCOPY 11. Electric force microscopy 12. Magnetic force microscopy 13. Atomic force microscopy References Index
LVAD-DT: Culture of Rescue and Liminal Experience in the Treatment of Heart Failure (2017)

The purpose of this article is to investigate how cultural meanings associated with the left ventricular assist device (LVAD) inform acceptance and experience of this innovative technology when it is used as a destination therapy. We conducted open-ended, semistructured interviews with family caregivers and patients who had undergone LVAD-DT procedures at six U.S. hospitals. A grounded theory approach was used for the analysis. Thirty-nine patients and 42 caregivers participated. Participants described a sense of obligation to undergo the procedure because of its promise for salvation. However, once the device was implanted, patients described being placed into a liminal state of being neither sick nor healthy, with no culturally scripted role. Consideration of end-of-life decisions was complicated by the uncertainties about how patients with LVADs die. Pre-implantation communications among patient, family, and clinicians should take into account the impact of the technology on meaning, identity, and patient experience.
Design and implementation of Maruti-II (1993)

this report are those of the author(s) and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Advanced Research Projects Agency, PL, or the U.S. government. References
POSTTRAUMATIC FAT EMBOLISM IN CHILDREN (1973)

WEISZ, GEORGE M. M.D.; RANG, MERCER M.D., F.R.C.S. (Eng.), F.R.C.S. (C); SALTER, ROBERT B. M.D., M.S., F.R.C.S. (C), F.A.C.S. Author Information
Adaptive Temporal Encoding Network for Video Instance-level Human Parsing (2018)

Beyond the existing single-person and multiple-person human parsing tasks in static images, this paper makes the first attempt to investigate a more realistic video instance-level human parsing that simultaneously segments out each person instance and parses each instance into more fine-grained parts (\eg, head, leg, dress). We introduce a novel Adaptive Temporal Encoding Network (ATEN) that alternatively performs temporal encoding among key frames and flow-guided feature propagation from other consecutive frames between two key frames. Specifically, ATEN first incorporates a Parsing-RCNN to produce the instance-level parsing result for each key frame, which integrates both the global human parsing and instance-level human segmentation into a unified model. To balance between accuracy and efficiency, the flow-guided feature propagation is used to directly parse consecutive frames according to their identified temporal consistency with key frames. On the other hand, ATEN leverages the convolution gated recurrent units (convGRU) to exploit temporal changes over a series of key frames, which are further used to facilitate the frame-level instance-level parsing. By alternatively performing direct feature propagation between consistent frames and temporal encoding network among key frames, our ATEN achieves a good balance between frame-level accuracy and time efficiency, which is a common crucial problem in video object segmentation research. To demonstrate the superiority of our ATEN, extensive experiments are conducted on the most popular video segmentation benchmark (DAVIS) and a newly collected Video Instance-level Parsing (VIP) dataset, which is the first video instance-level human parsing dataset comprised of 404 sequences and over 20k frames with instance-level and pixel-wise annotations.
Evidence for HL-A-linked genes in "juvenile" diabetes mellitus. (1975)

HL-A typing of 150 patients who had developed diabetes mellitus by the age of 30 years showed a significant association with HL-A 8 and W 15. The HL-A genotypes were determined in 17 families in which two or more siblings had this type of diabetes. The zygotic assortment of HL-A haplotypes was found to be significantly disturbed from the expected random pattern, with a reduction in the number of siblings showing no identical haplotypes and an appreciable increase in the number with both haplotypes identical. This appears to be most consistent with the presence of a gene or genes pre-disposing to this type of diabetes at a locus closely linked to the HL-A chromosomal loci. This locus appears to have a fundamental role in the susceptibility to juvenile diabetes.
Induction of collagenase production in Vibrio B-30 (1978)

The inducible nature of an extracellular collagenase produced by a marine Vibrio (Vibrio B-30, ATCC 21250) was demonstrated by observing the increase in extracellular collagenase activity after the addition of collagen to cell cultures in the latter part of the exponential growth phase. When collagenase-hydrolyzed collagen was added, the lag time required before collagenase production was detected decreased significantly compared with cultures receiving collagen. Cells preinduced to synthesize collagenase did not produce the enzyme when collagen was removed from the culture medium. Incorporation of penicillin G had no effect on final collagenase activity levels in suspensions of Vibrio B-30 in complete medium supplemented with collagen. However, chloramphenicol and tetracycline inhibited collagenase production, indicating that de novo protein synthesis was necessary for the appearance of activity. Attempts to isolate the inducing substance(s) involved filtering hydrolyzed collagen through a series of ultrafiltration membranes. The lowest-molecular-weight fraction of collagen hydrolysate with inducing ability was between 1,000 and 10,000. Gel filtration of this fraction on Sephadex G-50 resulted in the appearance of three protein peaks, two of which were capable of inducing collagenase production. Results from amino acid composition and N-terminal amino acid analysis suggest that the inducing substance originates from the polar helical portion of the collagen molecule.
Structural characteristics of camel-bone gelatin by demineralization and extraction (2016)

Camel bone was demineralized through HCl acidulation process at different concentrations (0.0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, and 6.0%) over 1–5 days. The level of demineralization was acid concentration and soaking time dependent. Highest demineralization (62.0%) was recorded in bone sample treated with 6.0% dilute acid for 5 days. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) elemental analysis revealed reduction in Ca and increase in N and H, while O remains unaffected. Particulate characteristics by scanning electron microscope showed an increased surface roughness of bone after demineralization. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis of ossein depicted the presence of functional group similar to that of bone protein (collagen). Statistical optimization by central composite design (CCD) revealed a significant quadratic model for optimum values of extraction temperature, pH, and extraction time. The highest gelatin yield from camel bone was 23.66% at optimum extraction condition (71.87°C, pH 5.26, and 2.58 h) and the bloom was 205.74 g. Camel bone is suitable for production of gelatin with good potentials in food and nonfood applications.
Human myeloma IgG [immunoglobulin] half-molecules. Structural and antigenic analyses (1975)

The structure and antigenic characteristics of a human k, IgG myeloma protein that formed half-molecules were analyzed. Most of the myeloma protein found in the patient's serum and urine consisted to two chain 4.3S half-molecules. A small amount of four chain 7S myeloma protein was, however, found in the serum and was apparently formed by the same clone of tumor cells. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 8 M urea and 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate and analytical ultracentrifugation in 6 M guanidine of the fully reduced and alkylated half-molecule indicated that this myeloma protein had a heavy chain of a smaller molecular weight (approximately 45,000) than that of normal gamma chains, Except for this apparent deletion, the heavy chain resembled gamma1 chains. The amino acid composition of the peptides containing the half-cysteine residues forming the interchain disulfide bonds, the glycopeptide of the Fc fragment and the COOH-terminal structure were similar if not identical with the analogous structures of gamma1 chains. No Fc fragment could be prepared because the Fc portion of the heavy chain of the myeloma protein was extremely susceptible to degradation with papain. After mild reduction and alkylation, the 7S myeloma protein dissociated into half-molecules, indicating a lack of noncovalent interactions in the Fc fragment that are present in all classes of human immunoglogulins and are responsible for the formation ofFc dimers. The half-molecule was antigenically deficient in the Fc fragment. It failed to precipitate with anti-Fc fragment antisera in double gel diffusion tests and inhibited a Fc-anti-Fc fragment binding reaction weakly and incompletely. The half-molecule and the 7S protein had the same genetic markers on the first and second homology region of the gamma chain. The half-molecule lacked, however, the corresponding markers on the third homology region, These findings suggest that this myeloma protein had a deletion in the gamma chain which was probably located in third homology region and was likely the structural abnormality responsible for the lack of noncovalent interaction in the Fc fragment and absence of most of the antigenic determinants characteristic of gamma chains.
On the magnetic field of an infinitely long helical line current (1994)

This paper presents the calculation of the low-frequency magnetic field of an infinitely long helical solenoid. Helical solenoids can be applied, e.g., to investigate superconducting coils, twisted wires and the levitation of molten metals. With the aid of a series expansion of the reciprocal distance between the observation point and a variable point of the line current, which is a substitute for the spatial current distribution, the magnetic vector potential is calculated. This approach makes is possible to express also the magnetic field in the form of a series. Explicit formulas for the magnetic field inside and outside the solenoid are developed which include modified Bessel functions and their derivatives. Some properties of the magnetic field are shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Prognostics, a new look at statistical life prediction for condition-based maintenance (2004)

Abstracf- The experience-based. statistical approach to prognostics is the simplest to implement when repair and failure histories are available. Furthermore this may he the preferred approach for classes of systems that are noncritical, too complex to model, or highly susceptible to variation due to the operating regimes or environment, such as with industrial motors for example. Today industry and military databases are becoming available that describe the histories of inspections. repairs. and failures for many types of systems. In this paper. a systematic approach is described for deriving and maintaining accurate Weibull distributions used to determine when maintenance actions should be performed. The approach starts by data mining the maintenance database through discovery of subpopulations of related systems so as to derive mnre accurate probability distributions. The power of the approach arises from the flexibility to simultaneously analyze and inspect the data through an interactive graphical interface. Related subpopulations of systems in the database are discovered through a graphical tree representation of the data according to arbitrarily definable sets of factors affecting the failure rates in the population under study. Once the subpopulations are identified then an approach to realtime data mining of sensor data is applied to account for variations in the operating environment. For illustration, a case study describes this approach as deployed for condition-based maintenance of critical industrial motors in steel and aluminum manufacturing plants. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Short Term Interactions with Long Term Consequences: Modulation of Chimeric Vessels by Neural Progenitors (2012)

Vessels are a critical and necessary component of most tissues, and there has been substantial research investigating vessel formation and stabilization. Several groups have investigated coculturing endothelial cells with a second cell type to promote formation and stabilization of vessels. Some have noted that long-term vessels derived from implanted cocultures are often chimeric consisting of both host and donor cells. The questions arise as to whether the coculture cell might impact the chimeric nature of the microvessels and can modulate the density of donor cells over time. If long-term engineered microvessels are primarily of host origin, any impairment of the host's angiogenic ability has significant implications for the long-term success of the implant. If one can modulate the host versus donor response, one may be able to overcome a host's angiogenic impairment. Furthermore, if one can modulate the donor contribution, one may be able to engineer microvascular networks to deliver molecules a patient lacks systemically for long times. To investigate the impact of the cocultured cell on the host versus donor contributions of endothelial cells in engineered microvascular networks, we varied the ratio of the neural progenitors to endothelial cells in subcutaneously implanted poly(ethylene glycol)/poly-L-lysine hydrogels. We found that the coculture of neural progenitors with endothelial cells led to the formation of chimeric host-donor vessels, and the ratio of neural progenitors has a significant impact on the long term residence of donor endothelial cells in engineered microvascular networks in vivo even though the neural progenitors are only present transiently in the system. We attribute this to the short term paracrine signaling between the two cell types. This suggests that one can modulate the host versus donor contributions using short-term paracrine signaling which has broad implications for the application of engineered microvascular networks and cellular therapy more broadly.
The Role of Rheology in the Tectonic History of the Colorado Plateau (2001)

Abstract Interpretation of the geophysics, petrology, and structure of the Colorado Plateau indicates that it is a rheologically distinct element of the Cordillera. During the Phanerozoic Era, areas surrounding the Colorado Plateau have been subjected to repeated tectonism, including contraction, extension, and magmatism while the plateau has been little affected by these processes. Deformation and magmatism mostly wrap around the Colorado Plateau, suggesting the plateau is a rigid body that has often transmitted forces across itself. Compiled geophysical and petrologic evidence indicates that the lithosphere of the Colorado Plateau has a higher strength than regions to the east, south and west. Strength differences may be attributed to a mafic crustal composition and long-term lower crust and mantle geothermal gradients, especially relative to the Basin and Range Province. Estimates of crustal and lithospheric thickness indicate that the ratio of the thickness of mantle to crust in the northern Basin and Range Province ranges from 0.8 to 1, whereas the same value in the Colorado Plateau is about 1.2. Given that mantle rocks are stronger on average than crustal rocks, the ratio of crust to mantle and the greater total thickness of the Colorado Plateau lithosphere also make it inherently strong. Some evidence suggests that fertile or hydrated mantle may exist beneath the Colorado Plateau. Rock strength data show that mafic rocks in the crust and high pyroxene and amphibole contents in the upper mantle may enhance lithospheric strength, or, at a minimum, provide no reason to presuppose that a fertile, hydrated mantle should be weak. The Colorado Plateau, although inferred to be stronger than regions to the west, south, and east, may not be as strong as the Archean Wyoming Province to the north. Higher seismic velocities in the lower crust and upper mantle north of the Cheyenne belt imply a higher strength in the middle Rocky Mountains. In this context, the Uinta aulacogen, which separates the Wyoming Province and the Colorado Plateau, developed as a “pop up” structure during Mesozoic to early Tertiary contraction. Thus, in understanding the tectonic history of the western U.S., or any region for that matter, it is important to assess the relative compositional and thermal structure of the lower crust and upper mantle. These factors have exerted considerable control over the partitioning of strain and magmatism throughout the Cordillera in the Colorado Plateau region during the last 1 Ga. Similar factors play an important role in the architecture of mountain systems throughout the world.
The Presence of Ethanol in Radiopharmaceutical Injections (2008)

TO THE EDITOR: As ethanol is frequently used in radiopharmaceutical injections, we were interested in the effect of ethanol by injection. Several questions crossed our mind. What is the maximum concentration of ethanol that we can inject without side effects? What is the hemolytic potential of
Synergistic Actions of a Monooxygenase and Cyclases in Aromatic Polyketide Biosynthesis (2008)

Synergistic tailoring: Formation of the pentangular aglycon of pradimicin A requires the synergistic actions of the monooxygenase PdmH, which hydroxylates ring B, and the two cyclases PdmK and PdmL. Removal of any one of three enzymes resulted in the biosynthesis of shunt products that are not properly oxidized and cyclized. The concerted actions of the enzymes may serve as a mechanism to suppress spontaneous cyclization of the extended dodecaketide backbone.
Youth and environmental enrichment generate serum exosomes containing miR‐219 that promote CNS myelination (2013)

Although commonly considered a disease of white matter, gray matter demyelination is increasingly recognized as an important component of multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis, particularly in the secondary progressive disease phase. Extent of damage to gray matter is strongly correlated to decline in memory and cognitive dysfunction in MS patients. Aging likewise occurs with cognitive decline from myelin loss, and age‐associated failure to remyelinate significantly contributes to MS progression. However, recent evidence demonstrates that parabiotic exposure of aged animals to a youthful systemic milieu can promote oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation and improve remyelination. In the current study, we focus on this potential for stimulating remyelination, and show it involves serum exosomes that increase OPCs and their differentiation into mature myelin‐producing cells—both under control conditions and after acute demyelination. Environmental enrichment (EE) of aging animals produced exosomes that mimicked this promyelinating effect. Additionally, stimulating OPC differentiation via exosomes derived from environmentally enriched animals is unlikely to deplete progenitors, as EE itself promotes proliferation of neural stem cells. We found that both young and EE serum‐derived exosomes were enriched in miR‐219, which is necessary and sufficient for production of myelinating oligodendrocytes by reducing the expression of inhibitory regulators of differentiation. Accordingly, protein transcript levels of these miR‐219 target mRNAs decreased following exosome application to slice cultures. Finally, nasal administration of exosomes to aging rats also enhanced myelination. Thus, peripheral circulating cells in young or environmentally enriched animals produce exosomes that may be a useful therapy for remyelination. GLIA 2014;62:284–299