gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IFN- <i>gamma</i> regulates the isotypes of Ig secreted during in vivo humoral immune responses. (1988)

The lymphokine IFN-gamma has been shown in vitro to stimulate IgG2a secretion and inhibit IgG1 and IgE secretion by LPS-activated B lymphocytes. To determine whether IFN-gamma has a similar isotype regulatory role in vivo, we studied the abilities of rIFN-gamma and a mAb to IFN-gamma to modify the isotypes of Ig secreted in mice injected with a goat antibody to mouse IgD, which by itself induces large increases in levels of serum IgG1 and IgE and a relatively small increase in serum IgG2a. Multiple injections of IFN-gamma substantially inhibited production of IgG1 and IgE, and stimulated production of IgG2a in affinity purified goat antibody specific for mouse IgD-treated mice; anti-IFN-gamma antibody blocked the effects of IFN-gamma and in fact enhanced IgG1 and IgE secretion and inhibited the IgG2a response in these mice. The role of IFN-gamma in the selection of isotypes of Ig produced in response to injection of mice with the bacterium Brucella abortus (BA) was also studied, because killed, fixed BA are known to stimulate IFN secretion and a predominantly IgG2a antibody response. Anti-IFN-gamma antibody strongly suppressed IgG2a secretion and stimulated IgG1, but not IgE, secretion in BA-immunized mice. BA suppressed IgG1 and IgE secretion and enhanced IgG2a secretion in affinity purified goat antibody specific for mouse IgD-injected mice; treatment of these mice with anti-IFN-gamma antibody reversed the effects of BA on IgG1 and IgG2a secretion, but not the suppressive effect of BA on IgE secretion. These observations demonstrate that IFN-gamma has an important and perhaps unique physiologic role in the stimulation of IgG2a secretion and in the suppression of secretion of IgG1, whereas bacterial antigens can suppress IgE secretion by other mechanisms in addition to IFN-gamma secretion.
What and how children search on the web (2011)

The Internet has become an important part of the daily life of children as a source of information and leisure activities. Nonetheless, given that most of the content available on the web is aimed at the general public, children are constantly exposed to inappropriate content, either because the language goes beyond their reading skills, their attention span differs from grown-ups or simple because the content is not targeted at children as is the case of ads and adult content. In this work we employed a large query log sample from a commercial web search engine to identify the struggles and search behavior of children of the age of 6 to young adults of the age of 18. Concretely we hypothesized that the large and complex volume of information to which children are exposed leads to ill-defined searches and to disorientation during the search process. For this purpose, we quantified their search difficulties based on query metrics (e.g. fraction of queries posed in natural language), session metrics (e.g. fraction of abandoned sessions) and click activity (e.g. fraction of ad clicks). We also used the search logs to retrace stages of child development. Concretely we looked for changes in the user interests (e.g. distribution of topics searched), language development (e.g. readability of the content accessed) and cognitive development (e.g. sentiment expressed in the queries) among children and adults. We observed that these metrics clearly demonstrate an increased level of confusion and unsuccessful search sessions among children. We also found a clear relation between the reading level of the clicked pages and the demographics characteristics of the users such as age and average educational attainment of the zone in which the user is located.
Unified multiple media interface for robot teleoperation (2002)

The power of multimedia in communicating with lay users has not been fully exploited in controlling real devices (C.J. Weinstien, 1995; 1991). The authors develop a unified interface using multiple media modalities (speech, gesture (image) and video) for controlling a diverse set of devices. The same instruction effects different behaviors in different contexts (e.g. "left" to a robot arm causes a different motion than "left" to a camera). This captures the context sensitivity in natural communication, which overloads symbols with multiple meanings applicable in different contexts. This also provides for an approach to unify several interfaces into one by using context sensitivity as a tool for disambiguation. Results are shown for implementations based on a common unified direct telephone interface for speech, and a single camera visual interface for gestures for three different devices. Audio and video are also used as a feedback for naturalistic interaction between the operator and the device.
Dysprosium nanoparticles synthesized by alkalide reduction (2003)

Dy nanoparticles have been produced at subambient temperature by alkalide reduction. In the bulk, Dy is ferromagnetic below 89 K. In contrast, the nanoparticles’ magnetization is blocked below ∼9 and ∼20 K for unheated and samples annealed at 1000 °C for 4 h, respectively. This behavior is consistent with a reduction in Tc due to finite size effects. Magnetization is linearly dependent on field at temperatures higher than ∼6 times TB and shows remanence-free hysteresis at lower temperature. Magnetic entropy curves generated from magnetization data are consistent with that expected for a paramagnet, yielding large values at low temperature due to the high effective moment of Dy.
The Effect of an Angiotensin Receptor Blocker on Arterial Stiffness in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Hypertension (2011)

Short-term treatment with valsartan improves arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension, and the glucose status at baseline was associated with this effect.
Implantation of a reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene vascular graft for treatment of obstructions of the teat and mammary gland cisternae in cattle (1998)

Implantation of this vascular graft is a useful technique to restore teat patency for 6 months. A longer period of passive drainage of milk appears necessary for sufficient ingrowth of the graft. Lesions that extend to the distal most aspect of the teat cistern have a poor prognosis, because this area cannot be sufficiently overlapped by the graft.
Neural Representation of Space Using Sinusoidal Arrays (1993)

O'Keefe (1991) has proposed that spatial information in rats might be represented as phasors: phase and amplitude of a sine wave encoding angle and distance to a landmark. We describe computer simulations showing that operations on phasors can be efficiently realized by arrays of spiking neurons that recode the temporal dimension of the sine wave spatially. Some cells in motor and parietal cortex exhibit response properties compatible with this proposal.
Foreign Body Response Investigated With an Implanted Biosensor by <i>In Situ</i> Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (2008)

One of the principal challenges for the long-term implantation of biosensors is that the normal physiological response of the body creates a fibrotic capsule of scar tissue surrounding the implanted sensor (the foreign body response). This dense, collagenous capsule isolates the device from the local environment, causing a time-dependent degradation of the signal. We utilize this degradation or change to an electrical signal as an indicator of the physiological responses to the implantation of the biomaterial device. We thus track the foreign body response electronically, an important analytical method for our program that aims to reduce the foreign body response. We applied electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to track changes of the electrical signal behavior over time between micro-electrode arrays. We have performed experiments both in vitro and ex ova. In vitro, we used a reservoir of phosphate buffered saline into which selected proteins were introduced that adsorb onto the electrode surface. Three proteins were studied and each was found to affect the EIS results differently. We have investigated the foreign body response ex ova using the chick chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM) model. Following implantation of the electrode array the chick CAM exhibited a response similar to the mammalian foreign body response. We report that the electrical signal degrades with tissue growth during the healing and remodeling following the traumatic implantation of the electrode needle through the ectoderm side of the CAM tissue.
The advantages of a cross-session web workspace (2005)

Conducting research using the web is often an iterative process of collecting, comparing and contrasting information. Not surprisingly, web-based research tasks habitually span multiple web sessions and involve considerable web page revisitation. Such tasks are not only carried out by researchers, but also by casual web users who, for example, plan vacations and large purchases. Despite the prominence of this activity among web users, existing tools support it poorly. We propose an alternative approach, whereby web-based research tasks are facilitated by a web workspace which represents collected URLs with web page thumbnails. A prototype of our design was developed and studied in an evaluation with 12 participants. Each of the participants adopted the workspace approach instinctively: the workspace was used for web page revisitation, web page comparison, collection overview, cross-session task continuation, and continuous task focus.
Transparent conducting films of ZnO–ZrO2: Structure and properties (2000)

Transparent conducting films comprised of ZnO and ZrO2, with ZrO2 content varying between 0 and 10 wt %, have been deposited using pulsed-laser deposition. These films have resistivities ranging between 5.4×10−4 and 5.6×10−2 Ω cm with an optical transparency of more than 85% for the 250–900-nm-wavelength range. For films with ZrO2 content of less than 5 wt %, the hexagonal ZnO structure is observed with Zr substituting at the Zn site. The structural, optical, and electrical properties of these films make them suitable for high-temperature electronic applications.
TUBERCULOUS INFECTION IN THE LIGHT OF TUBERCULIN MATRICULATION12 (1952)

Journal Article TUBERCULOUS INFECTION IN THE LIGHT OF TUBERCULIN MATRICULATION Get access TOBIAS GEDDE-DAHL TOBIAS GEDDE-DAHL 3I wish to express my warmest acknowledgments to Dr. Philip Sartwell for his interest in, and invaluable assistance with, the condensation of the material; to Dr. Arvid Evjen for making my book known to the group at the Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health; and to Dr. Claude Lillings-ton for the translation Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 56, Issue 2, September 1952, Pages 139–214, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a119547 Published: 01 September 1952 Article history Received: 06 December 1951 Published: 01 September 1952
Synthesen mit Nitrilen, XXXV. Reaktionen von Tetracyanäthylen mit Heterocyclen (1973)

Abstract Bei der Umsetzung von Tetracyanäthylen mit Barbitursäuren werden in Abhängigkeit von der Reaktionstemperatur Tetrahydro‐2 H ‐pyrano[2.3‐ d ]pyrimidine ( 2a, b ) oder Dipyrimidinylmalodinitrile ( 3a, b ) erhalten. 1,3‐Disubstituierte 5‐Pyrazolone reagieren in ähnlicher Weise. Aus 3‐Aminopyrazolen und Tetracyanäthylen entstehen unter Eliminierung von HCN (Tricyanvinyl)pyrazole ( 12a, b ), welche zu Pyrazolo[3.4‐ b ]pyridinen ( 13a–c ) cyclisiert werden können.
A Simple and Effective NDA Carrier Frequency Estimation Method for MPSK Signals in Unknown Fading Channel (2011)

The problem of the frequency estimation of MPSK signal in unknown fading channel is too complicated and there is no research result for this problem at present, while we often meet these problems in practice. The method mentioned in this paper compensates the channel effects before the estimation the carrier frequency. This method is more simple and efficient than the method which uses frequency and channel impulse response for the joint estimation, and it is more convenient to remove modulation for MPSK signal. Compared with the frequency estimation research of non-fading channel, the estimation performance falls only about 3dB. So, this method can satisfy most application needs.
Compact modeling of nonlinear distortion in analog communication circuits (2000)

Article Compact modeling of nonlinear distortion in analog communication circuits Share on Authors: Piet Wambacq IMEC, Heverlee, Belgium IMEC, Heverlee, BelgiumView Profile , Petr Dobrovolný IMEC, Heverlee, Belgium IMEC, Heverlee, BelgiumView Profile , Stéphane Donnay IMEC, Heverlee, Belgium IMEC, Heverlee, BelgiumView Profile , Marc Engles IMEC, Heverlee, Belgium IMEC, Heverlee, BelgiumView Profile , Ivo Bolsens IMEC, Heverlee, Belgium IMEC, Heverlee, BelgiumView Profile Authors Info & Claims DATE '00: Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in EuropeJanuary 2000 Pages 350–355https://doi.org/10.1145/343647.343795Online:01 January 2000Publication History 25citation298DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations25Total Downloads298Last 12 Months1Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Effect of Microstructure on the Properties of TiB <sub>2</sub> Ceramics (1983)

Samples of a TiB 2 ceramic containing 0 to 10 wt% Ni were fabricated by hot‐pressing. Several properties, including fracture strength, indentation fracture toughness, and thermal expansion (between 25° and 1000°C) were measured. Resulting data were correlated with sample microstructure and composition.
Related mechanism of transparency in MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>nano-ceramics prepared by sintering under high pressure and low temperature (2009)

We fabricate transparent MgAl2O4 nano-ceramics, which are composed of 40 nm grains, by sintering under high pressure and low temperatures. Analysis of the grain size, differential strains, yield strength and porosity obtained from transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction indicates that the pores at the grain boundary triple junctions can retard grain boundary migration and thus prevent grain growth. It is found that the relatively high density for MgAl2O4 nano-ceramics produced at low-temperature and high pressure is attributed mainly to the large energy in the grain exteriors. The decrease in the transparency with increasing temperature (>700 °C) is therefore a result of the light scattering at large pores. On the basis of these results, we propose a mechanism of transparency in MgAl2O4 nano-ceramics.
Preface for volume 25 number 1 (2006)

Journal Article Preface for volume 25 number 1 Get access Ken Houston Ken Houston Prof. S Kenneth Houston, CMath, FIMA, ILTM School of Computing and Mathematics, University of Ulster, Jordanstown, Newtownabbey, Co. Antrim, Northern Ireland BT37 0QB. E-mail: sk.houston@ulster.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Teaching Mathematics and its Applications: An International Journal of the IMA, Volume 25, Issue 2, June 2006, Pages 51–52, https://doi.org/10.1093/teamat/hrl010 Published: 01 June 2006
Protection against SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant in mRNA-1273 vaccine–boosted nonhuman primates (2021)

Neutralizing antibody responses gradually wane against several variants of concern (VOCs) after vaccination with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine messenger RNA-1273 (mRNA-1273). We evaluated the immune responses in nonhuman primates that received a primary vaccination series of mRNA-1273 and were boosted about 6 months later with either homologous mRNA-1273 or heterologous mRNA-1273.β, which encompasses the spike sequence of the B.1.351 Beta variant. After boost, animals had increased neutralizing antibody responses across all VOCs, which was sustained for at least 8 weeks after boost. Nine weeks after boost, animals were challenged with the SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant. Viral replication was low to undetectable in bronchoalveolar lavage and significantly reduced in nasal swabs in all boosted animals, suggesting that booster vaccinations may be required to sustain immunity and protection.
Residues specific for class III alcohol dehydrogenase. Site-directed mutagenesis of the human enzyme (1994)

Human class III alcohol dehydrogenase (with both glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase activities) was expressed, and studied by site-directed mutagenesis corresponding to three amino acid residues that are affecting the substrate-binding pocket of class I (with alcohol dehydrogenase activity only). A Thr48Ala exchange results in an enzyme essentially without alcohol dehydrogenase activity but with some glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity retained. This indicates that coordination to the enzyme of S-hydroxymethylglutathione is mediated by interactions additional to, or different from, those utilized for primary and secondary alcohols. An Asp57Leu mutation causes considerable loss of the formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity, showing that a negative charge at position 57 is a prerequisite for this class III-type of activity, in the same manner as a positive charge at position 115 has been previously demonstrated to be crucial. Therefore, Asp57 and Arg115 appear to contribute equally to the interactions with S-hydroxymethylglutathione, compatible with defining the class III-type of specificity and possibly explaining the dependence on glutathione. A Tyr93Phe mutant exhibits decreased kcat values for substrates in general and correlates with inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase activity by 4-methylpyrazole, a potent inhibitor of the class I enzymes. In a double mutant, Asp57Leu/Tyr93Phe, the effects of the two mutations are potentiating one another, yielding a fall in kcat/Km for hydroxymethylglutathione by a factor of 1250, i.e., a still further loss of class III-type activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Intraperitoneal Administration of Senegae Radix Extract and Its Main Component, Senegin-II, Affects Lipid Metabolism in Normal and Hyperlipidemic Mice. (1996)

The hypolipidemic effect of Senegae Radix, i.e. "Senega," was investigated in normal and hyperlipidemic mice. The n-butanol fraction of the methanol extract of Senegae Radix (SN) (5 mg/kg) significantly reduced the blood triglyceride level of normal mice 7 h after intraperitoneal administration (p < 0.05) and also significantly reduced the blood triglyceride level of cholesterol-fed mice under similar conditions (p < 0.05). SN (5 mg/kg) also reduced the blood triglyceride and cholesterol levels after repeated administration to cholesterol-fed mice. SN also decreased the blood triglyceride level in Triton-induced hyperlipidemia. It is suggested that this fraction contains one or more hypolipidemic components including the main triterpenoid glycoside, senegin-II, which significantly reduces the levels of blood triglycerides in normal mice.
<i>Penicillium bilaii</i> inoculation increases root-hair production in field pea (2000)

Under three levels of phosphorus availability, inoculation of pea plants with Penicillium bilaii in growth pouches had no effect on root length (excluding root hairs), mean root diameter, root-hair diameter, P accumulation or shoot growth. However, inoculation with P. bilaii resulted in a 22% increase in the proportion of root containing root hairs and a 33% increase in the mean root-hair length. Key words: Pea, Penicillium bilaii, Pisum sativum, phosphorus, root hairs, root morphology
Simple and accurate estimation of ancestral protein sequences (2006)

There are a variety of reasons to reconstruct the sequences of ancient proteins, but whatever the reason, the value of the reconstructed protein depends on the accuracy with which the ancient sequence is inferred. This study uses sequences simulated by a sequence-evolution simulation program that compares parsimony, maximum likelihood, and the Bayesian methods of inferring ancestral sequences and concludes that the Bayesian method, as implemented by MRBAYES 3.11, is preferred. Estimated ancestral sequences are of necessity the same length as the alignment on which the underlying phylogeny is based. A highly accurate method for correcting the estimated sequences is introduced, and it is shown that the correction permits inferring the sequences of ancient protein sequences with a very high degree of accuracy.
Si Oxidation and H<sub>2</sub> Gassing During Aqueous Slurry Preparation for Li-Ion Battery Anodes (2018)

Si has the possibility to greatly increase the energy density of Li-ion battery anodes, though it is not without its problems. One issue often overlooked is the decomposition of Si during large scale slurry formulation and battery fabrication. Here, we investigate the mechanism of H2 production to understand the role of different slurry components and their impact on the Si oxidation and surface chemistry. Mass spectrometry and in situ pressure monitoring identifies that carbon black plays a major role in promoting the oxidation of Si and generation of H2. Si oxidation also occurs through atmospheric O2 consumption. Both pathways, along with solvent choice, impact the surface silanol chemistry, as analyzed by 1H–29Si cross-polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FTIR). An understanding of the oxidation of Si, during slurry processing, provides a pathway toward improving the manufacturing of Si based anodes by maximizing its capacity and minimizing safety hazards.
Caspase-responsive smart gadolinium-based contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging of drug-induced apoptosis (2014)

Non-invasive detection of caspase-3/7 activity <i>in vivo</i> has provided invaluable predictive information regarding tumor therapeutic efficacy and anti-tumor drug selection. Although a number of caspase-3/7 targeted fluorescence and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging probes have been developed, there is still a lack of gadolinium (Gd)-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probes that enable high spatial resolution detection of caspase-3/7 activity <i>in vivo</i>. Here we employ a self-assembly approach and develop a caspase-3/7 activatable Gd-based MRI probe for monitoring tumor apoptosis in mice. Upon reduction and caspase-3/7 activation, the caspase-sensitive nano-aggregation MR probe (C-SNAM: <b>1</b>) undergoes biocompatible intramolecular cyclization and subsequent self-assembly into Gd-nanoparticles (GdNPs). This results in enhanced <i>r</i><sub>1</sub> relaxivity-19.0 (post-activation) vs. 10.2 mM<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> (pre-activation) at 1 T in solution-and prolonged accumulation in chemotherapy-induced apoptotic cells and tumors that express active caspase-3/7. We demonstrate that C-SNAM reports caspase-3/7 activity by generating a significantly brighter <i>T</i><sub>1</sub>-weighted MR signal compared to non-treated tumors following intravenous administration of C-SNAM, providing great potential for high-resolution imaging of tumor apoptosis <i>in vivo</i>.