gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[A study on the relationship between women's employment and fertility]. (1988)

The Korean Family Life Cycle Survey data on women's employment are used to explore variations in women's employment patterns and the relationship between women's employment and fertility. In general, employment rates increase with women's age. Women in rural areas are more likely to work than those in urban areas. These patterns are clearly linked to different work opportunity structures. As a rule, the most educated and the least educated are more likely to work, whereas respondents in the middle educational categories were least likely. It has already been recognized that the employment period during the life course may be related to fertility in various ways. 1 is delay of marriage among women who work before they marry. The relatively better financial situation of unmarried working women contributes to the desire to extend single life compared with non-working women. In addition, particular types of work may provide exposure to ideas and norms that discourage early marriage. It may also be true that single working women who contribute to household income have some influence on women's decision to postpone marriage. The results show that women who work before marriage marry somewhat later than women who never work before marriage. For example, women who were in professional and clerical occupations married about 3 years later than women who had not worked before marriage. Among women who had been employed before marriage, age at marriage differed according to different occupations. For example, women with working experience in professional and clerical occupations had the highest mean age at marriage. An analysis of the relationship between women's employment and fertility shows that women in professional and clerical work bear somewhat fewer children on average than women with no recorded economic activity. In domestic household employee and agricultural work, however, no such relationship is observed. The relationship between occupation and fertility is strongly linked to the level of socioeconomic development. While a strong and consistent negative relationship was observed between professional occupations and fertility in the more urbanized areas, that was not the case among the poorer rural areas. In contrast, women with agricultural jobs generally show remarkably similar fertility patterns to women with no recorded economic activity. The measured work-fertility relationship may be partially explained through the influence of fertility experience on subsequent work patterns.
Frontispiece: Investigation into the Sensing Process of High‐Performance H<sub>2</sub>S Sensors Based on Polymer Transistors (2016)

H2S Sensors High performance H2S sensors were successfully fabricated through the use of polymer field-effect transistors (FETs). Film thickness is strongly related with achievement of optimal sensitivity. Mechanism investigation shows that desorption increases faster than absorption for analyte molecules in the polymer film while both speed rise with decreasing film thickness. More information can be found in the Communication by L. Chi et al. on page 3654 ff.
Clinical Epidemiological Study of 171 Cases of Cryptococcosis (1994)

We retrospectively studied 171 patients with cryptococcosis who were divided into three groups according to their associated predisposing conditions (if any): group 1 comprised nonimmunosuppressed patients, group 2 comprised patients with AIDS, and group 3 comprised those patients with other conditions and/or who were users of immunosuppressive drugs. Analysis and correlation of the behavior of the mycosis among the three groups showed differences in the demographic data, clinical forms and manifestations of cryptococcosis, laboratory results, morbidity and mortality rates, and histopathologic aspects. Study of the clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans from 83 patients with cryptococcosis showed that 75 were characterized as C. neoformans variety neoformans and eight as C. neoformans var. gatti. Comparison of the distribution of the gattii and neoformans varieties between the nonimmunosuppressed (group 1) and immunosuppressed (groups 2 and 3) patients showed a significant statistical difference (P < .01).
Oral carbohydrate loading with 18% carbohydrate beverage alleviates insulin resistance. (2013)

Preoperative 12.6% oral carbohydrate loading is an element of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol aimed at alleviating postoperative insulin resistance; however, in Japan, beverages with 18% carbohydrate content are generally used for preoperative carbohydrate loading. We investigated the effect of 18% carbohydrate loading on alleviating insulin resistance. Six healthy volunteers participated in this crossover-randomized study and were segregated into 2 groups: volunteers in the carbohydrate-loading group (group A) who fasted from after 9 pm and ingested 375 mL of a beverage containing 18% carbohydrate (ArginaidWaterTM; Nestle, Tokyo, Japan) between 9 pm and 12 pm, and 250 mL of the same liquid at 6:30 am. Volunteers in control group (group B) drank only water. At 8:30 am, a hyperinsulinemic normoglycemic clamp was initiated. Glucose infusion rate (GIR) and levels of ketone bodies and cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) before clamping were evaluated. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Levels of blood glucose, insulin, and cytokines at the start of the clamp were similar in both the groups. The GIR in group A was significantly higher than that in group B (11.5±2.4 vs 6.2±2.2 mg/kg/min, p=0.005), while blood ketone body levels were significantly lower in group A (22±4 vs 124±119 μmol/L, p=0.04). Preoperative 18% carbohydrate loading could prevent the decrease in insulin sensitivity and suppress catabolism in healthy volunteers. Thus, carbohydrate loading with a beverage with 18% carbohydrate content might contribute to improvements in perioperative management.
The environments of z < 0.3 QSOs (1995)

Based on a cross-correlation analysis of X-ray selected QSOs with faint (B<20.5) galaxies, we find a 5sigma galaxy excess around low-redshift (z<0.3) QSOs with an amplitude identical to that of the galaxy angular correlation function. The similarity between QSO-galaxy clustering and galaxy-galaxy clustering suggests that QSOs are unbiased with respect to galaxies and make useful tracers of large-scale structure in the Universe.
Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation Algorithm for Multimedia Services over Ethernet PONs (2002)

Ethernet passive optical networks (PONs) are an emerging access network technology that provides a low-cost method of deploying optical access lines between a carrier's central office and a customer site. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm of dynamic bandwidth allocation for multimedia services over Ethernet PONs. To implement the suggested dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm, we present control message formats that handle classified bandwidths in a multi-point control protocol of Ethernet PONs.
A Compact Disk Type Plasma Propulsion System with Modulated Magnetic Field for Nanoscale Space Vehicles (2008)

A compact 5 mm disk type plasma thruster simply composed of only a set of antenna windings and bias field coil which produces significant thrust of 0.74 mN with rotating magnetic field has been proposed and successfully developed for future applications to low altitude nanosatellites. The key technology issue is that the rotating speed is set above the ion plasma frequency but far below the electron plasma frequency, in order to produce the electron drag current and axial electric field as a consequence of the interaction with the bias field. The formation of axial electric field was confirmed and the produced plasma density was >6×1018 m−3, whereas the power consumption is 500 W in the inductively coupled mode of operation. The anticipated thrust density and specific thrust could potentially be extended to 7.64 Nm−2 and 850 s, respectively, which is comparable to conventional Hall effect thrusters.
Visual and Quantitative Evaluation of Selected Image Combination Schemes in Ultrasound Spatial Compound Scanning (2004)

Multi-angle spatial compound images are normally generated by averaging the recorded single-angle images (SAIs). To exploit possible advantages associated with alternative combination schemes, this paper investigates both the effect of number of angles (Ntheta) as well as operator (mean, median, mean-excluding-maximum (mem), root-mean-square (rms), geometric mean and maximum) on image quality (tissue delineation and artifacts), speckle signal-to-noise ratio (SNRs) and contrast. The evaluation is based on in vitro SAI (+/-21 degrees in steps of delta theta = 7 degrees) of formalin fixed porcine tissue containing adipose, connective and muscular tissue. Image quality increased with number of angles up to +/-14 degrees after which the improvements became debatable. The mem and median operators, which try to render the images more quantitatively correct by suppressing strong echoes from specular reflectors, provide some improvement in this regard. When combining the SAI with the mean operator, the SNR, increases--in general--with Ntheta. For Ntheta = 2, the SNRs increases with delta theta as expected. When Ntheta = 7, the highest SNRs is obtained for the mem, rms, and geometric mean operators, while the lowest SNRs is obtained for the maximum operator. When comparing SNRs for adipose and fibrous tissue, the level is close to 1.91 for adipose tissue but only 1.7 for fibrous tissue which contain relatively few organized scattering structures.
Packing of large‐scale chromatography columns with irregularly shaped glass based resins using a stop‐flow method (2014)

Rigid chromatography resins, such as controlled pore glass based adsorbents, offer the advantage of high permeability and a linear pressure-flow relationship irrespective of column diameter which improves process time and maximizes productivity. However, the rigidity and irregularly shaped nature of these resins often present challenges in achieving consistent and uniform packed beds as formation of bridges between resin particles can hinder bed consolidation. The standard flow-pack method when applied to irregularly shaped particles does not yield well-consolidated packed beds, resulting in formation of a head space and increased band broadening during operation. Vibration packing methods requiring the use of pneumatically driven vibrators are recommended to achieve full packed bed consolidation but limitations in manufacturing facilities and equipment may prevent the implementation of such devices. The stop-flow packing method was developed as an improvement over the flow-pack method to overcome these limitations and to improve bed consolidation without the use of vibrating devices. Transition analysis of large-scale columns packed using the stop-flow method over multiple cycles has shown a two- to three-fold reduction of change in bed integrity values as compared to a flow-packed bed demonstrating an improvement in packed bed stability in terms of the height equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP) and peak asymmetry (As ).
BEGAIN (Brain-enriched Guanylate Kinase-associated Protein), a Novel Neuronal PSD-95/SAP90-binding Protein (1998)

PSD-95/SAP90 is a synaptic membrane-associated guanylate kinase with three PDZ, one SH3, and one guanylate kinase (GK) domain. PSD-95/SAP90 binds various proteins through the PDZ domains and organizes synaptic junctions. PSD-95/SAP90 also interacts with the postsynaptic density (PSD) fraction-enriched protein, named SAPAP (also called GKAP and DAP), through the GK domain. SAPAP is Triton X-100-insoluble and recruits PSD-95/SAP90 into the Triton X-100-insoluble fraction in the transfected cells, suggesting that SAPAP may fix PSD-95/SAP90 to the PSD. Here we report a novel protein interacting with the GK domain of PSD-95/SAP90, BEGAIN. BEGAIN is specifically expressed in brain and enriched in the PSD fraction. BEGAIN is Triton X-100-soluble in the transfected cells but is recruited to the Triton X-100-insoluble fraction by SAPAP when coexpressed with PSD-95/SAP90. BEGAIN may be a novel PSD component associated with the core complex of PSD-95/SAP90 and SAPAP.
Radiating Shape-Shifting Surface Based on a Planar Hoberman Mechanism (2013)

In this communication a new approach for realizing a reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna is proposed on the basis of radially-foldable linkage kinematic theory. Using a Hoberman's planar foldable linkage, in which rotation in the φ-direction provides translation in the radial direction, a radiating shape-shifting surface (RSSS) can be developed. To demonstrate the interesting characteristics of the approach, two resonant frequency-tunable antennas were prototyped. The antennas incorporate parasitic patches, which are repositioned over a fixed circular microstrip patch antenna. The mechanical movement results in tunability of the antenna resonant frequency without degrading the return loss bandwidth or radiation pattern. Experimental results for a design with electromagnetically-coupled parasitic patches demonstrate tuning of the resonant frequency by > 10% over the 2.7-3 GHz frequency range with essentially constant gain and return loss bandwidth. Greater than 26% tuning bandwidth is achieved with the second design in which the parasitic patches make electrical contact with the primary antenna element.
A Pt–Fe Carbon Nitride Nano‐electrocatalyst for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells and Direct‐Methanol Fuel Cells: Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical Studies (2007)

Abstract This report describes the preparation of a new nano‐electrocatalyst for applications in polymer electrolyte fuel cells operating with H 2 and methanol. The nano‐electrocatalyst, having the composition K 0.12 [Pt 1 Fe 1.6 C 55 N 0.12 ], consists of a distribution of Pt and Fe bimetallic clusters supported on carbon nitride nanoparticles. This material was synthesized by thermal treatment of a zeolitic inorganic–organic polymer electrolyte‐like (Z‐IOPE) precursor, prepared by reacting H 2 PtCl 6 and K 3 Fe(CN) 6 in the presence of sucrose, as organic binder, in a water solution. This reaction allows the desired material to be prepared by means of a sol→gel process followed by a gel→plastic transition. The morphology and surface properties of K 0.12 [Pt 1 Fe 1.6 C 55 N 0.12 ] were studied via scanning and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopies and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Far‐infrared, mid‐infrared, and micro‐Raman‐laser spectroscopies, as well as X‐ray diffraction studies, together with detailed compositional data reveal the structural information and describe the interactions characterizing the mass activity of the K 0.12 [Pt 1 Fe 1.6 C 55 N 0.12 ] system. This material has structural and morphological features that are very different to those usually found in commercially available electrocatalysts for application in H 2 polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). K 0.12 [Pt 1 Fe 1.6 C 55 N 0.12 ] consists of active bimetallic catalytic sites supported on a mixture of α and graphitic carbon nitride‐like nanoparticles. The studies performed by cyclic voltammetry with the thin‐film rotating‐disk electrode indicate that the performance of K 0.12 [Pt 1 Fe 1.6 C 55 N 0.12 ] and of the EC‐20 reference material is a) equal to –255 and –216 A g –1 Pt, respectively, in the oxygen‐reduction reaction at 0.75 V; and b) equal to 967 and 533 A g –1 Pt, respectively, in the hydrogen‐oxidation reaction at potentials lower than 0.2 V. The activation potential of K 0.12 [Pt 1 Fe 1.6 C 55 N 0.12 ] is about 15 mV higher than that of the EC‐20 reference. In conclusion, the proposed synthesis route is general and promising for the development of new, improved nano‐electrocatalysts for low‐temperature fuel cells such as PEMFCs and DMFCs.
Functionalizing Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Networks:  Effect on Electrical and Electrochemical Properties (2007)

Chemical functionalization is an important aspect of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) research, of interest to many proposed applications of SWNTs, including electrical and electrochemical sensing. In this study, the effects of two common in situ treatments on the electrochemical and solution conductance properties of SWNTs are assessed. The first is acid reflux, used for the purification of SWNTs and a common first step toward chemical functionalization of SWNTs. The second is an air plasma treatment, compatible with microfabrication processing. Rather than studying bulk quantities and using bulk analysis techniques, we investigate two-dimensional networks of individual SWNTs grown on an insulating substrate, enabling the effects of the treatments to be investigated at the level of individual SWNTs, as well as ensemble average behavior. The SWNTs are grown using catalyzed chemical vapor deposition, and electrical, electrochemical, atomic force microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and micro-Raman analysis are performed before and after applying the treatments. It is found that the major effect of the acid treatment is cutting of the SWNTs followed by gradual etching at the cut ends. Micro-Raman spectroscopy indicates preferential oxidative attack at the metallic SWNTs and minimal damage to the sidewalls. In contrast, plasma treatment does not affect the morphology of the SWNTs. Raman microscopy indicates a dramatic change in SWNT electronic structure, with a possible increase in sp3-hybridized carbon. Both treatments have a negligible effect on the voltammetric response of a simple outer-sphere electron-transfer redox process, Ru(NH3)63+/2+. However, both acid reflux and air plasma treatment enhance the electron-transfer kinetics for the oxidation of inner-sphere dopamine. In both cases this is likely due to the creation of defect sites. A key result of these studies is the strong correlation between increasing functionalization (with a view to increasing chemical sensitivity) and decreasing conductivity, which is an important consideration for electrical and electrochemical applications. It is clear that a balance must be struck between the two to enhance the performance of a SWNT device.
RF Device Integration on Glass Interposer toward 3D-IPAC Packages (2013)

3D Integrated Passive and Actives Component (IPAC) is a new concept of ultra-miniaturized and highly functional sub-systems, which enables one to achieve higher RF functionality in a single module. As the first step, this paper demonstrates the concept of integrating passive components using 100μm ultra-thin glass and small Through Package Vias (TPVs) by ArF excimer laser. Passive low pass filters (LPF) for WLAN in thin dielectrics on glass were designed using circuit simulator and EM solver. The LPFs were fabricated using low-cost panel based processes, and then assembled onto the Printed Wiring Board (PWB). The filters on either side of the glass interposer were measured at the board level, and the results corroborated well with EM simulations. The measurement results showed low insertion loss (about −1dB) and high rejection (&lt;−20dB). The integration of passive components using double-side and ultra-thin glass interposers with small TPVs, enables one to shrink RF module size.
Immunobiomarkers in Small Cell Lung Cancer: Potential Early Cancer Signals (2010)

The presence of an autoantibody to one or more cancer-associated antigens may provide an important addition to the armamentarium available to the clinician to aid early detection of SCLC in high-risk individuals.
Ferroelectric Thin Films II. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings Held in Boston, Massachusetts on December 2-4, 1991. Volume 243 (1992)

Optical Characterization Techniques and Integrated Sensors and Detectors: Electron microscopic studies of domains in relaxor ferroelectrics; Photoluminescence investigation of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films, Optical properties of PZT, PLZT, and PNZT thin films; Photovoltaic effect in thin ferroelectric films; Crystallization dynamics and rapid thermal processing of PZT thin films; Integrated piezoelectric and pyroelectric devices from thin film ferroelectrics; Piezoelectric thin film ultrasonic micromotors; Applications of PZT and related thin films in Piezoelectric microsensors; Pyroelectric microsensors by sol-gel derived PbTiO3 and La-PbTiO3 thin films; and Lead scandium tantalate thin films for thermal detectors.
Phase Transitions Induced by Nanoconfinement in Liquid Water (2009)

We present results from molecular dynamics simulations of water confined by two parallel atomically detailed hydrophobic walls. Simulations are performed at T = 300 K and wall-wall separation d = 0.6-1.6 nm. At 0.7 < or = d < or = 0.9 nm, a first order transition occurs between a bilayer liquid (BL) and a trilayer heterogeneous fluid (THF) as water density increases. The THF is characterized by a liquid (central) layer and two crystal-like layers next to the walls. The BL-THF transition involves freezing of the two surface layers in contact with the walls. At d = 0.6 nm, the THF transforms into a bilayer ice (BI) upon decompression. Both the BL-THF and BI-THF transitions are induced by the surface regular atomic-scale structure.
ChemInform Abstract: ALUMINUM HALIDE PROMOTED CARBONYLATION REACTIONS‐ FACILE SYNTHESIS OF BICYCLO(3.2.1)OCT‐2‐ENE‐4,8‐DIONE FROM CYCLOHEXADIENE(TRICARBONYL)IRON (1978)

Abstract Die strukturelle Zuordnung der blaßgelben Kristalle von (III) erfolgte nach IR‐ und NMR‐Daten.
Toward an Expert Aid for Tactical Air Targeting (1981)

Abstract : This Note describes our initial efforts to apply recent advances in knowledge engineering to the domain of tactical air targeting. Tactical targeting is a critical function in war requiring many complex, heuristic, and time stressed decisions by the targeteer. A knowledge engineering approach to providing and aid for this process suits the domain. First, knowledge employed by targeteers does not lend itself to straightforward computer implementation. Second, no standard approach exists for targeting. Third, by 'engineering' targeteers' knowledge, a basis is provided for experimentation and reformulation of targeting concepts and practices. Finally, the operational environment requires effective human interaction and ready program modification. Knowledge engineering has greater potential to meet these needs than other programming approaches. Our research tests the hypotheses that an expert system would improve tactical targeting and that knowledge engineering can be extended to meet the task. The paper describes the technical and targeting environments, early project experiments, the latest targeting program, TATR, written in ROSIE- I, and our current approach using ROSIE-II.
Evidence from the patent record on the development of cash dispensing technology (2008)

There are but a handful of systematic studies on the history of automated teller machines (ATMs) yet all fail to address the issue of paternity while perpetrating ‘common wisdom’ beliefs. This article looks at the birth of currency dispensing equipment, the immediate predecessor to the ATM. At the simplest level, at least four separate instance of innovation can reasonably claim to be the origin of the concept. However, the question as to who invented it is less illuminating than an understanding of the process of innovation itself and how these competing families developed into the modern conception of an ATM. Our research supports the view of user-driven innovation as surviving business records and oral histories tell of close involvement of bank staff in establishing requirements and choosing amongst alternative solutions in the implementation of first generation technology. This case thus shows greater understanding in the user’s role in shaping and directing technological development.