gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The reconstitution of the thymus in immunosuppressed individuals restores CD4‐specific cellular and humoral immune responses (2011)

Infection with HIV-1 frequently results in the loss of specific cellular immune responses and an associated lack of antibodies. Recombinant growth hormone (rGH) administration reconstitutes thymic tissue and boosts the levels of peripheral T cells, so rGH therapy may be an effective adjuvant through promoting the recovery of lost cellular and T-cell-dependent humoral immune responses in immunosuppressed individuals. To test this concept, we administered rGH to a clinically defined group of HIV-1-infected subjects with defective cellular and serological immune responses to at least one of three commonly employed vaccines (hepatitis A, hepatitis B or tetanus toxoid). Of the original 278 HIV-1-infected patients entering the trial, only 20 conformed to these immunological criteria and were randomized into three groups: Group A (n = 8) receiving rGH and challenged with the same vaccine to which they were unresponsive and Groups B (n = 5) and C (n = 7) who received either rGH or vaccination alone, respectively. Of the eight subjects in Group A, five recovered CD4 cellular responses to vaccine antigen and four of these produced the corresponding antibodies. In the controls, three of the five in group B recovered cellular responses with two producing antibodies, whereas three of the seven in Group C recovered CD4 responses, with only two producing antibodies. Significantly, whereas seven of ten patients receiving rGH treatment in Group A (six patients) and B (one patient) recovered T-cell responses to HIVp24, only two of six in Group C responded similarly. In conclusion, reconstitution of the thymus in immunosuppressed adults through rGH hormone treatment restored both specific antibody and CD4 T-cell responses.
The measurement of small rates of heat-production by thermopile and galvanometer (1924)

The following notes do not refer to radiation experiments but to cases in which the direct heat-production in a small body in contact with the thermopile is to be measured, as for living muscle or in certain thermo-elastic experiments
Concentric supervision of security applications: a new security management paradigm (2002)

This paper questions the status quo regarding security management (SM) tools that function in an isolated, monolithic fashion. People work best by interacting with others and with their systems to see the "big picture" to interpret individual events. Our view of SM called concentric supervision of security applications (CSSA) is a continuous cycle of information flow. CSSA processing of status information and control of security features does not replace existing notions. It serves to enhance the existing ad hoc and segmented "engineered" solutions so that SM systems support "the way people work". We divide management functions into three phases: administration, operations, and assessment. Different skills, authority, and data are needed to perform tasks in each phase, but some information must flow for efficient and effective functionality. We give suggestions on some linkages by describing typical SM scenarios and how they might function. Parallels are drawn with related issues in network management systems and relationships to current management approaches are discussed.
Analysis of two digital adaptive pre-correctors for nonlinearity in OFDM systems (2003)

This paper deals with two innovative schemes of digital adaptive pre-correction for the high power amplifier (HPA) nonlinearity in OFDM transmission systems. In order to evaluate pre-correction performance in terms of BER, total degradation, and normalized power spectral density, a simulator has been implemented including actual solid state power amplifier (SSPA) and travelling wave tube amplifier (TWTA) characteristics. The results thus obtained are compared with limit performance achievable with the clipper (perfectly linear amplifier with saturation). Finally, based on the pre-correction gain parameter, the considerable performance improvement for the pre-corrected system comparing with the non-pre-corrected transmitter is pointed out.
The Substrate and Anomeric Specificity of Fructokinase (1973)

Abstract Fructokinase from beef liver is shown to be specific for the β-furanose anomer of d-fructose (and the α anomer of l-sorbose) by showing that certain 2,5-anhydroalditols are substrates, while other 2,5-anhydro compounds, 2,6-anhydro-d-mannitol, and 2,6-anhydro-d-glucitol are not. Km and Vmax values relative to d-fructose at pH 7.5, 25°, 4 mm MgATP are 2,5-anhydro-d-mannitol (1.7 mm, 1.97); 2,5-anhydro-d-glucitol (5.9 mm, 1.33, phosphorylated in position 6); 2,5-anhydro-d-lyxitol (67 mm, 0.19); 2,5-anhydro-d-mannose (1.5 mm, 0.50). 2,5-Anhydro-d-xylitol inhibits (Ki, 40 mm), while 2,5-anhydro-l-iditol and cis 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran are neither inhibitors nor substrates. Based on these results and other published data, the substrate specificity of fructokinase is for a tetrahydrofuran ring with β-d-(or α-l-) configuration at position 2, l-configuration at postion 3, and either d- or l-configuration at positions 4 and 5. With yeast hexokinase the Km and Vmax values relative to d-fructose of several anhydro compounds at pH 7.5, 25°, 2 mm MgATP, are 2,5-anhydro-d-mannitol (6.3 mm, 0.52); 2,5-anhydro-d-glucitol (47 mm, 0.37); 2,5-anhydro-d-mannose (0.31 mm, 0.37).
Synthesis and biological activity of six monosubstituted analogs of a sea anemone polypeptide neurotoxin. (1992)

Monosubstituted analogs of Stichodactyla helianthus neurotoxin I (ShI), a sea anemone polypeptide, were synthesized by solid-phase methods. The analogs were selected to probe the importance of charged residues in the amino-terminal region; ionizable side chains were replaced with a corresponding neutral isosteric amino acid side chain. Following oxidation of the three disulfide bonds and refolding, the analogs were purified by gel, ion-exchange and reversed-phase chromatography. Circular dichroism and fluorescence spectral analyses indicate that the analogs have folded structures very similar to the native toxin. Crustacean paralytic bioassays and neuronal receptor binding assays of ShI analogs show that the anionic triad Asp 6-Asp 7-Glu 8 is essential for activity, as replacement of any of these side chains with the corresponding amide reduces toxicity and binding at least 1000-fold. Substitution at Lys 4 or Asp 11 reduces biological activity at least 10-fold; these residues are apparently not as critical as the polyanionic region. Replacing the N-terminal Ala residue with a Tyr residue has only a slight effect upon crab toxicity and axolemma binding. Our results suggest that several amino acid side chains near the N-terminus of this sea anemone neurotoxin are important for binding to crab neuronal sodium channels.
Conversion of a 1999 Silverado to Dedicated E85 with Emphasis on Cold Start and Cold Driveability (2000)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The University of Texas Ethanol Vehicle Challenge team focused upon cold start/driveability, fuel economy, and emissions reduction for our 1999 Ethanol Vehicle Challenge entry. We replaced or coated all fuel system components that were not ethanol compatible. We used the stock PCM for all control functions except control of a novel cold-start system our team designed. The primary modifications for improved emissions control involved ceramic coating of the exhaust manifolds, use of close-coupled ethanol-specific catalysts, increased EGR for the operating conditions of the five longest cruises on the FTP, and our cold-start system that eliminates the need to overfuel the engine at the beginning of the FTP. This EGR control scheme should also benefit urban fuel economy. Additionally, we eliminated EGR at high load to improve power density. Major modifications, such as increasing the compression ratio or pressure boosting, were eliminated from consideration due to cost, complexity, reliability, or emissions penalties. Our major effort was aimed at developing a unique solution to the cold start and cold driveability problems associated with E85.</div>
Permeability barrier function of skin exposed to ionizing radiation. (2001)

Skin changes caused by radiation dermatitis are associated with an increase in TEWL. The barrier impairment is comparable to the changes observed with UV radiation exposure but exhibits an even more delayed course. Our results suggest that preservation of the epidermal permeability barrier function by topical treatment may ameliorate radiation dermatitis.
Mathematical Programs with Equilibrium Constraints (1996)

This book provides a solid foundation and an extensive study for an important class of constrained optimization problems known as Mathematical Programs with Equilibrium Constraints (MPEC), which are extensions of bilevel optimization problems. The book begins with the description of many source problems arising from engineering and economics that are amenable to treatment by the MPEC methodology. Error bounds and parametric analysis are the main tools to establish a theory of exact penalisation, a set of MPEC constraint qualifications and the first-order and second-order optimality conditions. The book also describes several iterative algorithms such as a penalty-based interior point algorithm, an implicit programming algorithm and a piecewise sequential quadratic programming algorithm for MPECs. Results in the book are expected to have significant impacts in such disciplines as engineering design, economics and game equilibria, and transportation planning, within all of which MPEC has a central role to play in the modelling of many practical problems.
Draft Genome Sequences of 27 Staphylococcus aureus Strains and 3 <i>Staphylococcus</i> Species Strains Isolated from Bovine Intramammary Infections (2020)

<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is one of the most common etiological agents responsible for contagious bovine mastitis. Here, we report the draft whole-genome sequences, with annotations, of 27 <i>S. aureus</i> strains and 3 <i>Staphylococcus</i> species strains that were isolated from Holstein cows with intramammary infection in Canada.
Adaptive Streaming in P2P Live Video Systems: a Distributed Rate Control Approach (2016)

Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) is a recently proposed standard that offers different versions of the same media content to adapt the delivery process over the Internet to dynamic bandwidth fluctuations and different user device capabilities. The peer-to-peer (P2P) paradigm for video streaming allows to leverage the cooperation among peers, guaranteeing to serve video requests with increased scalability and reduced cost. We propose to combine these two approaches in a P2P-DASH architecture, exploiting the potentiality of both. The new platform is made of several swarms and a different DASH representation is streamed within each of them; unlike client-server DASH architectures, where each client autonomously selects which version to download according to current network conditions and to its device resources, we put forth a new rate control strategy implemented at peer site to maintain a good viewing quality to the local user and to simultaneously guarantee the successful operation of the P2P swarms. The effectiveness of the solution is demonstrated through simulation and it indicates that the P2P-DASH platform is able to warrant its users a very good performance, much more satisfying than in a conventional P2P environment where DASH is not employed. Through a comparison with a reference DASH system modeled via the Integer Linear Programming (ILP) approach, the new system is shown to outperform such reference architecture. To further validate the proposal, both in terms of robustness and scalability, system behavior is investigated in the critical condition of a flash crowd, showing that the strong upsurge of new users can be successfully revealed and gradually accommodated.
Two-dimensional and three-dimensional migration of model-experiment reflection profiles (1974)

Abstract A reflection profile represents an unfocused picture of the subsurface. In areas of rapid structural change, this unfocused picture may not reveal directly the true geometry of subsurface structures. Computer processing techniques, collectively called migration, have been used by many companies to focus 2-D reflection data. A description of the migration process can be given which allows immediate generalization to three-dimensions with arbitrary source and receiver positions.Reflection profiles digitally recorded in the laboratory over known acoustically semitransparent structural models establish the effectiveness of migration. Processed reflection data over 3-D models demonstrate that 3-D migration eliminates many of the lateral correlation ambiguities caused by 'sideswipes' and 'blind structures.'Structure maps developed from the results of 3-D migration of reflection data give a true and precise picture of 3-D models. When the same data are processed using 2-D migration, the mapped structures are distorted.In structurally complex areas it is desirable to collect 3-D reflection data. Single profiles cannot, and conventional grids may not, reveal adequate cross-dip information.
Volume Catheter Parallel Conductance Varies Between End-Systole and End-Diastole (2007)

In order for the conductance catheter system to accurately measure instantaneous cardiac blood volume, it is necessary to determine and remove the contribution from parallel myocardial tissue. In previous studies, the myocardium has been treated as either purely resistive or purely capacitive when developing methods to estimate the myocardial contribution. We propose that both the capacitive and the resistive properties of the myocardium are substantial, and neither should be ignored. Hence, the measured result should be labeled admittance rather than conductance. We have measured the admittance (magnitude and phase angle) of the left ventricle in the mouse, and have shown that it is measurable and increases with frequency. Further, this more accurate technique suggests that the myocardial contribution to measured admittance varies between end-systole and end-diastole, contrary to previous literature. We have tested these hypotheses both with numerical finite-element models for a mouse left ventricle constructed from magnetic resonance imaging images, and with in vivo admittance measurements in the murine left ventricle. Finally, we propose a new method to determine the instantaneous myocardial contribution to the measured left ventricular admittance that does not require saline injection or other intervention to calibrate.
RSN: Range Sparse Net for Efficient, Accurate LiDAR 3D Object Detection (2021)

The detection of 3D objects from LiDAR data is a critical component in most autonomous driving systems. Safe, high speed driving needs larger detection ranges, which are enabled by new LiDARs. These larger detection ranges require more efficient and accurate detection models. Towards this goal, we propose Range Sparse Net (RSN), a simple, efficient, and accurate 3D object detector in order to tackle real time 3D object detection in this extended detection regime. RSN predicts foreground points from range images and applies sparse convolutions on the selected foreground points to detect objects. The lightweight 2D convolutions on dense range images results in significantly fewer selected foreground points, thus enabling the later sparse convolutions in RSN to efficiently operate. Combining features from the range image further enhance detection accuracy. RSN runs at more than 60 frames per second on a 150m x 150m detection region on Waymo Open Dataset (WOD) while being more accurate than previously published detectors. As of 11/2020, RSN is ranked first in the WOD leaderboard based on the APH/LEVEL 1 metrics for LiDAR-based pedestrian and vehicle detection, while being several times faster than alternatives.
FLUCTUATING PATTERNS OF ARCHTECTURE FACADE AND THEIR AUTOMATIC CREATION (2009)

Today, buildings with monotonous façade fill the city. However, many buildings which the elements constituting their façade are changed, were seen in work designed by architects. This paper aims at examining the potentiality of automated fluctuating design creation focused on architecture façades, by analysing the design trend of architectural fluctuating designs and creating fluctuating façade automatically based on the analysis.
Synthesis and linear optical spectroscopy of thioflavylium near‐infrared absorbing dyes (1995)

Near‐infrared adsorbing dyes have potential applications in optical recording and printing technology which employs inexpensive semiconductor lasers that emit light around 800 nm. A convenient and high yield synthesis of thioflavylium chromophores is presented, materials which are found to act as a powerful acceptor for creating such near‐IR absorbing dyes.
The DNA Damage Road Map (2010)

Comparing maps of gene interactions offers insight into how yeast cells repair DNA damage.
Optimal regional consecutive leader election in mobile ad-hoc networks (2011)

The regional consecutive leader election (RCLE) problem requires mobile nodes to elect a leader within bounded time upon entering a specific region. We prove that any algorithm requires Ω(Dn) rounds for leader election, where D is the diameter of the network and n is the total number of nodes. We then present a fault-tolerant distributed algorithm that solves the RCLE problem and works even in settings where nodes do not have access to synchronized clocks. Since nodes set their leader variable within O(Dn) rounds, our algorithm is asymptotically optimal with respect to time complexity. Due to its low message bit complexity, we believe that our algorithm is of practical interest for mobile wireless ad-hoc networks. Finally, we present a novel and intuitive constraint on mobility that guarantees a bounded communication diameter among nodes within the region of interest.
Accumulation-Mode Pi-gate MOSFET (2003)

The electrical characteristics of accumulation-mode pi-gate SO1 MOSFETs are compared to those of inversion-mode devices. Similar characteristics are observed unless high channel doping concentration is used.
Energy cropping on derelict and waste land (1983)

The productivity of broadleaved and coniferous tree species has been determined on a range of derelict and waste land sites. Mean annual yields ranged from 0.54 t ha/sup -1/ for Betula pendula on railway land to 11.8 t ha/sup -1/ for Alnus glutinosa on pulverized fuel ash. Betula pendula, Pinus contorta and Populus robusta yielded more than 4 t ha/sup -1/ on a number of sites. Nutrient analyses show that harvesting a crop of 4 dry t ha/sup -1/ can remove up to 38 kg ha/sup -1/ nitrogen, 2 kg ha/sup -1/ phosphorus and 17 kg ha/sup -1/ potassium. However, 44-68% of the nitrogen, 46-49% of the potassium and 83-94% of the phosphorus in the standing crop at the end of the growing season occur in the foliage. Considerable conservation of nutrients can therefore be achieved by harvesting deciduous species after leaf fall, reducing total yield by about 18%. Nevertheless, in the absence of regular fertilizer additions, repeated harvesting will severely deplete the soil nutrient pool on many derelict sites. Of the total area of 339,000 ha of derelict and waste land, about 50% occurs in sites too small for the production of energy crops. A further 10% occurs inmore » urban areas. Of the remainder, about 5% will be too steep for cultivation and 20% will be unsuitable because of the substrate. Assuming yields equivalent to 4.5 dry t ha/sup -1/yr/sup -1/, the remaining 115,938 ha of derelict and waste land could yield 520,000 dry t yr/sup -1/, representing an energy yield of about 205,000 t oil equivalent, about 0.1% of the United Kingdom energy requirement for the year 2000. 27 references, 2 figures, 10 tables« less
Wideband coaxial balun for antenna application (2002)

The modelling and design of a coaxial balun with a balanced-to-unbalanced impedance ratio of 4:1, resulting in a VSWR below 2.0:1 for 4:1 bandwidth, is presented. A modified model is proposed for the coaxial Marchand balun, which takes into account technological discontinuities. The results of simulations are compared with measurement data showing satisfactory agreement between theory and experiment.
High Moment Materials and Fabrication Processes for Shielded Perpendicular Write Head Beyond 200 Gb/in$^{2}$ (2007)

Commercial hard-drive products utilizing perpendicular magnetic recording technology have recently been announced and introduced. In this paper, we review key magnetic materials characteristics and wafer process attributes in fabricating perpendicular write heads. It becomes increasingly important for write-head materials to possess not only high magnetic moment, but also optimal coercivity, remanence, anisotropy Hk, magnetostriction, and stress in order to meet head performance and reliability requirements. Advanced materials and film architectures discussed in this paper resulted in a significantly improved performance margin, including reduced pole erasure; hence enabling higher recording densities. Novel wafer-processing techniques are required for fabrication of 3-D pole features with controlled shape, and with critical dimensions of less than 150 nm. The advance in wafer process has been driven by rapidly decreasing trackwidth, as well as by the evolving head architecture from unshielded rectangular pole to shielded trapezoidal pole
Design, Fabrication, and Testing of Prosthetic Blood Vessels (1974)

Composite materials technology is applied to the design, fabrication, and testing of a mechanically anisotropic vascular prosthesis. A 4-ply laminated tube made from a segmented polyetherurethane is described and the effect of various environments on the laminate integrity is discussed.
Raleigh, Hariot, and Atheism in Elizabethan and Early Stuart England (1969)

It has long been accepted as fact that Raleigh was an important figure in a coterie of maverick intellectuals, generally referred to as the School of Night. The assumptions are that this coterie was a structured group; that it concerned itself with iconoclastic attitudes toward religion and philosophy, politics, literature, and the sciences; and that the Raleigh coterie was in active opposition to a rival group, the members of which included the Earl of Essex, the Earl of Southampton, and William Shakespeare. However, two concerns need clarification to evaluate the evidence that Raleigh was a member of such a group: were the attacks on him as an atheist justified, and what were his attitudes toward intellectual pursuits ? It would then be most practical to ascertain on what evidence the School of Night theory is based, how it is presented and interpreted by twentieth century scholars, and whether or not earlier accounts of Raleigh ascribe to such theories, examining along the way what Raleigh's beliefs were as can be determined by his writings and what contemporary attitudes were toward Raleigh and his associates. It may then be possible to judge if there is justification for asserting that Raleigh was a leader--or even a member--of such a group, and indeed, if any such group is likely to have existed. In 1592, in answer to Elizabeth's proclamation against the Jesuits, Father Robert Parsons published his Responsio in which he deplored the notion that Raleigh might become a privy councilor and thus introduce an atheistic policy into England, through the agency of his conjurer, usually taken to be Thomas Hariot. An Advertisment , the English summary of the Responsio , repeated the charge but did not speculate on Raleigh's appointment to the Privy Council. “Of Sir Walter Raleigh's school of atheism by the way, and of the conjurer that is M[aster] thereof, and of the diligence used to get young gentlemen to this school, wherein both Moses and our Savior, the Old and New Testament are jested at, and the scholars taught among other things to spell God backward”.