gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effects of ion implantation on the electrical properties of amorphous silicon (1980)

Abstract In this paper we present the results of a systematic study of ion implantation doping in glow-discharge a-Si films using the substitutional impurities, P, As, Sb, Bi, B, Al, Ga, In and Tl and the interstitial impurities Na, K, Rb and Cs. Implantation doping provides the same range of control of the electrical properties as gas phase doping, but at a lower doping efficiency. The compensation of pre-doped specimens by ion implantation has been investigated and found to be feasible and predictable. As an example the characteristics of an implanted a-Si p-n junction are shown. Results with F, Cl, Br and I implantations indicate that the halogens do not act as interstitial acceptors. The effect of implantation damage on electrical properties and its dependence on implantation temperature have been investigated in some detail. Photoconductivity measurements provide a useful approach to the problem and it is concluded that the density of gap states increases with ion dose, even for hot implantations. A simple model is proposed for the interpretation of the results and the basic reasons for the low doping efficiencies are discussed. Finally, the implantation results are used to determine an approximate density of state distribution for a-Si which is compared with the field effect data.
Residual Convolutional CTC Networks for Automatic Speech Recognition (2017)

Deep learning approaches have been widely used in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and they have achieved a significant accuracy improvement. Especially, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been revisited in ASR recently. However, most CNNs used in existing work have less than 10 layers which may not be deep enough to capture all human speech signal information. In this paper, we propose a novel deep and wide CNN architecture denoted as RCNN-CTC, which has residual connections and Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) loss function. RCNN-CTC is an end-to-end system which can exploit temporal and spectral structures of speech signals simultaneously. Furthermore, we introduce a CTC-based system combination, which is different from the conventional frame-wise senone-based one. The basic subsystems adopted in the combination are different types and thus mutually complementary to each other. Experimental results show that our proposed single system RCNN-CTC can achieve the lowest word error rate (WER) on WSJ and Tencent Chat data sets, compared to several widely used neural network systems in ASR. In addition, the proposed system combination can offer a further error reduction on these two data sets, resulting in relative WER reductions of $14.91\%$ and $6.52\%$ on WSJ dev93 and Tencent Chat data sets respectively.
Alleviation of acquired stuttering with human centremedian thalamic stimulation. (1989)

Despite many investigations, the cerebral mechanism for stuttering remains unknown. Recently, increased attention has been paid to acquired stuttering of adult onset in the hope that the events associated with it might provide clues to the biological mechanism underlying stuttering. This attention has focused exclusively on the cortical substrates. We present our observations of acquired dysfluency, presumably of subcortical origin in a neurosurgical subject with intractable pain. The stuttering was relieved by thalamic electric stimulation. The effect of thalamic stimulation on the stuttering suggests that the pathophysiology of transient asynchronisation in the balancing and sequencing of multiple impulses is amenable to a diffusely orchestrated functional tuning of the thalamic and brainstem implicated subcortical structures and pathways.
New nerve cuff electrode based on a shape memory alloy armature (2002)

The authors present a new nerve cuff electrode based on a shape memory alloy (SMA) armature. This device is dedicated to functional electrical stimulation of the bladder in spinal cord injured patients. The SMA armature performs the closing of the electrode, making its instillation around the nerve much easier, quicker and safer. Both remarkable mechanical properties of SMA materials namely shape memory effect and superelasticity, can be used to obtain the desired actuation of the electrode closing. The manufacturing procedure of this new electrode is described. It does not require any expensive or complex techniques. Bipolar and tripolar electrodes have been manufactured with an inner diameter of 1.6 mm and a cuff wall thickness of 0.8 mm. Acute studies in dogs are being carried out to validate the device and the implantation procedure. In order to test the electrical functionality of the electrode, a fully programmable biphasic stimuli generator has been designed and implemented using FPDs (Field Programmable Devices).
MEMS-Based Personal Navigator Equipped on the User's Body (2005)

The advances of MEMS (Micro Electromechanical\nStructures) technology have led the development of small-sized sensors (inertial sensors, magnetic compass\nsensors, etc.). For the synergistic effect, the integrated\nsystem of these systems has been adopted in many\nnavigation systems. In this paper, a MEMS-based\npersonal navigator equipped on the users waist is\nproposed. The key of the PNS (Personal Navigation\nSystem) is step detection. The step is detected using the\naccelerometer signals. The point of time for calculating of\nstep length is determined through the step detection. The\nstep length is computed using a simple linear combination.\nAlso the step length calibration algorithm is proposed\nusing GPS. And then the walking distance of the user is\ncalculated in real-time. The performance of the proposed\napproach is verified through the actual walking test.
MLI: An API for Distributed Machine Learning (2013)

MLI is an Application Programming Interface designed to address the challenges of building Machine Learning algorithms in a distributed setting based on data-centric computing. Its primary goal is to simplify the development of high-performance, scalable, distributed algorithms. Our initial results show that, relative to existing systems, this interface can be used to build distributed implementations of a wide variety of common Machine Learning algorithms with minimal complexity and highly competitive performance and scalability.
Chronic intravenous cannulas for rats (1964)

The intravascular portion was made of silicone rubber, passed down the external jugular vein into the right heart. The remainder was made of polyethylene, brought subcutaneously to the back of the neck. Most cannulas remained functional for many weeks. silicone rubber cannulas Submitted on October 3, 1963
Enumeration and biomass estimation of planktonic bacteria and viruses by transmission electron microscopy (1990)

Bacteria and virus particles were harvested from water samples by ultracentrifugation directly onto Formvar-coated electron microscopy grids and counted in a transmission electron microscope. With this technique, we have counted and sized bacteria and viruses in marine water samples and during laboratory incubations. By X-ray microanalysis, we could determine the elemental composition and dry-matter content of individual bacteria. The dry weight/volume ratio for the bacteria was 600 fg of dry weight microns-3. The potassium content of the bacteria was normal compared with previous estimates from other bacterial assemblages; thus, this harvesting procedure did not disrupt the bacterial cells. Virus particles were, by an order of magnitude, more abundant than bacteria in marine coastal waters. During the first 5 to 7 days of incubation, the total number of viruses increased exponentially at a rate of 0.4 day-1 and thereafter declined. The high proliferation rate suggests that viral parasitism may affect mortality of bacteria in aquatic environments.
Breaking the H <sub>2</sub> Marriage and Reuniting the Couple (2006)

A nonmetal compound enables the reversible splitting of dihydrogen. Related compounds may find use in chemical transformations and in hydrogen activation or storage.
Musculoskeletal health considerations for the transgender athlete (2022)

This article provides an overview of the current accepted nomenclature, common gender-affirming medical and surgical treatments, unique musculoskeletal health considerations, and participation policies for transgender athletes.
Aurora kinases as novel drug targets in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor disease: Antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of ZM 447439, a new aurora kinase inhibitor, in BON and QGP-1 cells (2008)

22023 Background: The serine/threonine protein kinases aurora A and B, key regulators of mitosis, are emerging as novel drug targets for cancer treatment. Aurora B overexpression has been previously documented by immunohistochemistry in several types of human tumors. In gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) the therapeutic possibilities are still not satisfactory. Therefore, we assessed aurora B expression in a series of well-differentiated GEP-NETs and studied the effects of a novel aurora kinase A and B inhibitor (ZM 447439) in our well-differentiated human GEP-NET cell lines BON and QGP-1. Materials and Methods: Tumor specimens from 102 patients (40 foregut, 55 midgut, 7 hindgut) were studied immunohistochemically for aurora kinase expression. The cell lines BON and QGP-1 were treated with increasing concentrations of ZM 447439 (Tocris) with or without coincubation with Streptozocin, Doxorubicin, Octreotide and SOM-230. Growth inhibition was measured with crystal violet assays, apoptosis induction with caspase 3/7 activation and DNA fragmentation. Cell cycle analysis was evaluated by performing FACS analysis. Results: The immunohistochemical analysis of aurora B in our patient collective demonstrated an overexpression in a significant portion of tumors, compared with normal epithelium. Moreover, we demonstrate that ZM 447439 inhibited dose-dependently proliferation of BON and QGP-1 cells. Treatment with ZM 447439 induced apoptosis and dose-dependently led to a cell cycle arrest. In addition, combined treatment with the somatostatin analogues Octreotide and SOM-230 in BON cells and with Streptozocin and Doxorubicin in QGP-1 cells, ZM 447439 augmented significantly the antiproliferative effects of Octreotide, Streptozocin and Doxorubicin, but not in combination with SOM-230. Conclusion: Our results suggest that aurora B may represent a valid target in well differentiated GEP- NETs, since aurora B is overexpressed in these tumors, and aurora kinase inhibition by ZM 447439 seems to be a promising new therapeutic approach, which should be evaluated in further clinical trials. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Geostatistics Applied to Gas Reservoirs (1989)

Summary The spatial distribution of many of the physical parameters connected with a gas reservoir is of primary interest to both engineers and geologists throughout the study, development, and operation of a field. It is therefore desirable for the distribution to be capable of statistical interpretation, to have a simple graphical representation, and to allow data to be entered from either two- or three-dimensional grids. To satisfy these needs while dealing with the geographical variables, new methods have been developed under the name "geostatistics." This paper describes briefly the theory of geostatistics and its most recent improvements for the specific problem of subsurface description. The external-drift technique has been emphasized in particular, and in addition, four case studies related to gas reservoirs are presented to show the wide range of geostatistics application.
Overview of Optical Monitoring in Next Generation Optical Access Networks (2011)

Next generation optical access networks are considered as key technology for future optical networks to generally cover the emerging high demand for bandwidth and data rates. As the reliance to the physical infrastructure of the network grows, a powerful monitoring and maintenance system forms the basis of an efficient network management to guarantee reliability and to meet a certain service level agreement. The increase of splitting ratio and transmission distance of next generation optical access networks is leading to novel requirements for monitoring systems. This paper gives a general overview of optical monitoring systems based on optical time domain reflectometry. Different monitoring solutions are compared and their suitability for next generation optical access networks is discussed. Specific limitations and challenges for monitoring in next generation optical networks are emphasized.
Secret Key Capacity for Optimally Correlated Sources Under Sampling Attack (2006)

The capacity for secret key agreement for permutation-invariant and symmetric sources under a sampling attack is investigated. The supremum of the normalized secret key capacity is introduced, where the supremum is taken over all permutation-invariant sources or all symmetric sources and the normalized secret key capacity is the secret key capacity divided by the description length of the symbol. It is proved that the supremum of the normalized secret key capacity bound under a sampling attack is close to 1/m for permutation-invariant sources and O(1/m) for symmetric sources, where and m is the number of Eve's sources
An artificial neural network model for optimization of finished goods inventory (2011)

In this paper, an artificial neural network (ANN) model is developed to determine the optimum level of finished goods inventory as a function of product demand, setup, holding, and material costs. The model selects a feed-forward back-propagation ANN with four inputs, ten hidden neurons and one output as the optimum network. The model is tested with a manufacturing industry data and the results indicate that the model can be used to forecast finished goods inventory level in response to the model parameters. Overall, the model can be applied for optimization of finished goods inventory for any manufacturing enterprise in a competitive business environment.
First order gain-coupled GaInAs/GaAs distributed feedback laser diodes patterned by focused ion beam implantation (1996)

Electrically pumped gain-coupled distributed feedback lasers with first order gratings have been fabricated on a (Ga,In)As/(Al,Ga)As separate confinement heterostructure by focused ion beam implantation and epitaxial overgrowth. The lasers are operating at room temperature at wavelengths around 950 nm. All investigated devices show single longitudinal mode emission at all operating conditions.
Borane-Induced Dehydration of Silica and the Ensuing Water-Catalyzed Grafting of B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub> To Give a Supported, Single-Site Lewis Acid, ≡SiOB(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub> (2011)

A supported, single-site Lewis acid, ≡SiOB(C(6)F(5))(2), was prepared by water-catalyzed grafting of B(C(6)F(5))(3) onto the surface of amorphous silica, and its subsequent use as a cocatalyst for heterogeneous olefin polymerization was explored. Although B(C(6)F(5))(3) has been reported to be unreactive toward silica in the absence of a Brønsted base, we find that it can be grafted even at room temperature, albeit slowly. The mechanism was investigated by (1)H and (19)F NMR, in both the solution and solid states. In the presence of a trace amount of H(2)O, either added intentionally or formed in situ by borane-induced dehydration of silanol pairs, the adduct (C(6)F(5))(3)B·OH(2) hydrolyzes to afford C(6)F(5)H and (C(6)F(5))(2)BOH. The latter reacts with the surface hydroxyl groups of silica to yield ≡SiOB(C(6)F(5))(2) sites and regenerate H(2)O. When B(C(6)F(5))(3) is present in excess, the resulting grafted boranes appear to be completely dry, due to the eventual formation of [(C(6)F(5))(2)B](2)O. The immobilized, tri-coordinate Lewis acid sites were characterized by solid-state (11)B and (19)F NMR, IR, elemental analysis, and C(5)H(5)N-TPD. Their ability to activate two molecular C(2)H(4) polymerization catalysts, Cp(2)ZrMe(2) and an (α-iminocarboxamidato)nickel(II) complex, was explored.
Preparation and chromatographic applications of an amide resin (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and chromatographic applications of an amide resinGene M. Orf and James S. FritzCite this: Anal. Chem. 1978, 50, 9, 1328–1330Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50031a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50031a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Microscopic DNA Flexibility Analysis (1996)

We have used an artificial DNA bending agent to monitor the local flexibility of the DNA helix as a function of Mg2+ cation concentration, sequence, and temperature. A DNA bending agent was constructed from a pair of triple helix-forming oligonucleotides connected by a flexible polymeric linker, which, when the linker is short enough, causes a bend in a minor groove region separating the two sites of triple helix formation. The unique aspect of this system is that, since the bent region is not in direct contact with the linker or the triple helix-forming oligonucleotides, the free energy reflecting the bendability of the minor helix groove can be estimated from a comparison of binding affinity between the bent and unbent triple helices. A binding competition experiment and association and dissociation kinetic assays executed at 37 degrees C in the presence of 10 mM Mg2+ have revealed an extremely small difference in binding affinity between bent (50 degrees ) and straight triple helices, suggesting that DNA flexibility with respect to minor groove compression is extremely high and virtually independent of the sequence of the distorted duplex. This unexpectedly small difference in binding affinity was detected over the temperature range from 25 to 65 degrees C, and over a Mg2+ concentration range from 0.3 to 10 mM. Thus, these findings provide evidence that DNA bendability for minor groove compression is inherently high and independent of DNA sequence, temperature, or a 30-fold variation of Mg2+ ion concentration.
Perpendicular reading of single confined magnetic skyrmions (2015)

Thin-film sub-5 nm magnetic skyrmions constitute an ultimate scaling alternative for future digital data storage. Skyrmions are robust noncollinear spin textures that can be moved and manipulated by small electrical currents. Here we show here a technique to detect isolated nanoskyrmions with a current perpendicular-to-plane geometry, which has immediate implications for device concepts. We explore the physics behind such a mechanism by studying the atomistic electronic structure of the magnetic quasiparticles. We investigate from first principles how the isolated skyrmion local-density-of-states which tunnels into the vacuum, when compared with the ferromagnetic background, is modified by the site-dependent spin mixing of electronic states with different relative canting angles. Local transport properties are sensitive to this effect, as we report an atomistic conductance anisotropy of up to ∼20% for magnetic skyrmions in Pd/Fe/Ir(111) thin films. In single skyrmions, engineering this spin-mixing magnetoresistance could possibly be incorporated in future magnetic storage technologies.
Lubrication of a Melting Slider Under Nonisothermal Conditions (1981)

A theoretical model is developed for a slider lubricated by its own surface melting. Heat for melting is assumed to be supplied both from viscous dissipation in the liquid film and by conduction from the track at a temperature higher than the melting temperature of the slider. The analysis allows prediction of film thickness and the friction coefficient. The overall behavior results to be clearly dependent on which of the two heat sources is prevailing. In particular, thermal conduction appears to be the cause for a generally much lower friction coefficient with respect to an isothermal case.
Tumor necrosis factor α blockers and malignancy in children: Forty‐eight cases reported to the food and drug administration (2010)

There is evidence that treatment with TNF blockers in children may increase the risk of malignancy. However, the cases were confounded by the potential risk of malignancy associated with underlying illnesses and the use of concomitant immunosuppressants; therefore, a clear causal relationship could not be established.
The V5 Domain of Protein Kinase C Plays a Critical Role in Determining the Isoform-Specific Localization, Translocation, and Biological Function of Protein Kinase C-δ and -ε (2004)

Abstract The catalytic domain of overexpressed protein kinase C (PKC)-δ mediates phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced differentiation or apoptosis in appropriate model cell lines. To define the portions of the catalytic domain that are critical for these isozyme-specific functions, we constructed reciprocal chimeras, PKC-δ/εV5 and -ε/δV5, by swapping the V5 domains of PKC-δ and -ε. PKC-δ/εV5 failed to mediate PMA-induced differentiation of 32D cells, showing the essential nature of the V5 domain for PKC-δ's functionality. The other chimera, PKC-ε/δV5, endowed inactive PKC-ε with nearly all PKC-δ's apoptotic ability, confirming the importance of PKC-δ in this function. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged PKC-δV5 and -ε/δV5 in A7r5 cells showed substantial basal nuclear localization, while GFP-tagged PKC-ε and -δ/εV5 showed significantly less, indicating that the V5 region of PKC-δ contains determinants critical to its nuclear distribution. PKC-ε/δV5-GFP showed much slower kinetics of translocation to membranes in response to PMA than parental PKC-ε, implicating the PKC-εV5 domain in membrane targeting. Thus, the V5 domain is critical in several of the isozyme-specific functions of PKC-δ and -ε.
Testicular Dysfunction in the Adjuvant‐Induced Arthritic Rat (1989)

Adjuvant-induced arthritis, an autoimmune disease similar to rheumatoid arthritis, was used to investigate possible mechanisms of immune system modulation of the reproductive system. This laboratory previously reported that arthritic male rats have reduced serum testosterone and elevated serum LH concentrations. In the experiments described here, serum prolactin levels were not significantly different in arthritic animals compared with non-injected control animals. Neither reduced food consumption of arthritic rats nor the injection vehicle appear to cause a reduction of serum testosterone. Serum corticosterone was significantly elevated in the arthritic group compared with both the non-injected or the vehicle-injected control animals. Testicular cells from arthritic animals secrete significantly less testosterone in vitro compared with cells from non-injected control animals, both basally and in response to dbcAMP and hCG. In summary, the reduced serum testosterone of arthritic animals appears to be the result of a testicular dysfunction.