gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geometrically-Controlled and Site-Specifically-Functionalized Phenylacetylene Macrocycles (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGeometrically-Controlled and Site-Specifically-Functionalized Phenylacetylene MacrocyclesJinshan Zhang, Douglas J. Pesak, James L. Ludwick, and Jeffrey S. MooreCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 10, 4227–4239Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00089a012RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2010Altmetric-Citations153LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A General Strategy for the Synthesis of Cyclic <i>N</i>-Aryl Hydroxamic Acids via Partial Nitro Group Reduction (2011)

We describe a generalized approach to stereocontrolled synthesis of substituted cyclic hydroxamic acids (3-amino-1-hydroxy-3,4-dihydroquinolinones) by selective reduction of substituted 2-nitrophenylalanine substrates. Compounds in this series have antibacterial properties and have also recently been reported as KAT II inhibitors. The key nitrophenyl alanine intermediates are prepared enantioselectively in excellent yield by phase transfer catalyzed alkylation of the corresponding nitrobenzyl bromides. The scope and limitations of the reductive cyclization transformation have been explored with attention to the effects of substitution pattern and electronics on reaction efficiency and byproduct formation. In addition, a novel activated trifluoroethyl ester cyclization strategy has been developed as an alternate approach to the most sterically demanding systems in this series.
Selective-area growth and controlled substrate coupling of transition metal dichalcogenides (2017)

Developing a means for true bottom-up, selective-area growth of two-dimensional (2D) materials on device-ready substrates will enable synthesis in regions only where they are needed. Here, we demonstrate seed-free, site-specific nucleation of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with precise control over lateral growth by utilizing an ultra-thin polymeric surface functionalization capable of precluding nucleation and growth. This polymer functional layer (PFL) is derived from conventional photoresists and lithographic processing, and is compatible with multiple growth techniques, precursors (metal organics, solid-source) and TMDs. Additionally, we demonstrate that the substrate can play a major role in TMD transport properties. With proper TMD/substrate decoupling, top-gated field-effect transistors (FETs) fabricated with selectively-grown monolayer MoS2 channels are competitive with current reported MoS2 FETs. The work presented here demonstrates that substrate surface engineering is key to realizing precisely located and geometrically-defined 2D layers via unseeded chemical vapor deposition techniques.
Hebbian and Anti-Hebbian Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity of Human Cortico-Cortical Connections (2013)

Learning of new skills may occur through Hebbian associative changes in the synaptic strength of cortical connections [spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP)], but how the precise temporal relationship of the presynaptic and postsynaptic inputs determines the STDP effects in humans is poorly understood. We used a novel paired associative stimulation protocol to repeatedly activate the short-latency connection between the posterior parietal cortex and the primary motor cortex (M1) of the left-dominant hemisphere. In different experiments, we systematically varied the temporal relationships between the stimuli and the preferential activation of different M1 neuronal populations by applying transcranial magnetic stimulation over M1 with different coil orientations and in different states of cortical excitability (rest vs muscular contraction). We found evidence for the existence of both Hebbian and anti-Hebbian STDP in human long-range connections. The induction of bidirectional long-term potentiation or depression in M1 depended not only on the relative timing between the stimuli but, crucially, on the stimulation of specific neuronal populations and the activity state of the cortex. Our findings demonstrate that these mechanisms are not fixed but susceptible to rapid adaptations. This sudden transition from anti-Hebbian to Hebbian plasticity likely involves local dynamics of interaction with different populations of postsynaptic neurons.
Requirements for Intracellular Accumulation and Release of Clarithromycin and Azithromycin by Human Phagocytes (1997)

Determination of clarithromycin (CL) and azithromycin (AZ) uptake by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), monocytes and alveolar macrophages showed that AZ achieved higher levels than CL. The uptake kinetics of AZ were time-dependent over an 18 h period, while those of CL were similar to erythromycin (ER) kinetics, with a maximum level of incorporation being obtained after a 60 min incubation. The accumulation of both drugs was influenced by extracellular antibiotic-concentrations, PMN viability, extracellular calcium, physiological environmental temperature and pH. The uptake was not modified by inhibitors of cell metabolism or activators of cell membranes. After removal of extracellular antibiotic, the release of AZ from PMNs was very slow: nearly 50% of the drug remained cell-associated after 24 h incubation. The efflux of this derivative was significantly enhanced when drug-loaded PMNs were stimulated by phorbol-myristate acetate (PMA). The kinetics of CL release indicated that this macrolide behaved like ER. Nevertheless, about 10% of the initial cell-associated antibiotic showed a prolonged retention. On the whole, these data suggest that diffusion through cell membranes and trapping into acidic compartments of PMNs are important events in CL and AZ uptake.
Testing for Structural Change in the Presence of Auxiliary Models (2001)

Plusieurs méthodes d'estimation nécessitent un modèle instrumental et un modèle d'intérêt. On retrouve parmi ces méthodes la méthode des moments efficace de Gallant et Tauchen (1996) et l'Inférence Indirecte proposée par Gouriéroux, Monfort et Renault (1993). La présence de ces deux modèles procure de nouvelles occasions d'inférence. Dans cet article, on présente et dérive la loi asymptotique de différents tests de changement structurel. Certaines procédures sont des extensions de tests standards tandis que d'autres sont spécifiquement adaptées à la présence des deux modèles.
CD80 Binding Polyproline Helical Peptide Inhibits T Cell Activation (2004)

The critical role played by the CD28/CD152-CD80/CD86 costimulatory molecules in mediating T cell activation and suppression provides attractive targets for therapeutic strategies. CD28 and CD152 share a conserved polyproline motif in the ligand-binding region. Similar proline-rich regions in globular domains preferentially adopt a polyproline type II (PP) helical conformation and are involved in transient (II)protein-protein interactions. Interestingly, in the human CD80-CD152 complex, Pro(102) of CD152 restricts the preceding proline to PP(II) helix in the binding orientation in relation to the shallow binding pocket of CD80. Peptide agents derived from binding sites of receptors that mimic the bioactive conformation have been shown to block receptor-ligand interactions. Contact preferences of the interface amino acids at the protein-protein interaction sites and the propensity of each residue to form PP(II) helix were integrated in the design of novel peptide agents referred to as CD80 competitive antagonist peptides. Structural and functional studies suggest potential therapeutic value for select CD80 competitive antagonist peptides.
Corrective tuning by applying LVQ for continuous density and semi-continuous Markov models (2002)

In this work the objective is to increase the accuracy of speaker dependent phonetic transcription of spoken utterances using continuous density and semi-continuous HMMs. Experiments with LVQ based corrective tuning indicate that the average recognition error rate can be made to decrease about 5%-10%. Experiments are also made to increase the efficiency of the Viterbi decoding by a discriminative approximation of the output probabilities of the states in the Markov models. Using only a few nearest components of the mixture density functions instead of every component decreases both the recognition error rate (5%-10% for CDHMMs) and the execution time (about 50% for SCHMMs). The lowest average error rates achieved were about 5.6%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Internal fixation compared with total hip replacement for displaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly (2003)

The treatment algorithms for displaced fractures of the femoral neck need to be improved if we are to reduce the need for secondary surgery. We have studied 102 patients of mean age 80 years, with an acute displaced fracture of the femoral neck. They were randomly placed into two groups, treated either by internal fixation (IF) with two cannulated screws or total hip replacement (THR). None showed severe cognitive dysfunction, all were able to walk independently, and all lived in their own home. They were reviewed at four, 12 and 24 months after surgery. Outcome measurements included hip complications, revision surgery, hip function according to Charnley and the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) according to EuroQol (EQ-5D). The failure rate after 24 months was higher in the IF group than in the THR group with regard to hip complications (36% and 4%, respectively; p < 0.001), and the number of revision procedures (42% and 4%, p < 0.001). Hip function was significantly better in the THR group at all follow-up reviews regarding pain (p < 0.005), movement (p < 0.05 except at 4 months) and walking (p < 0.05). The reduction in HRQoL (EQ-5D index score) was also significantly lower in the THR group than in the IF group, comparing the pre-fracture situation with that at all follow-up reviews (p < 0.05). The results of our study strongly suggest that THR provides a better outcome than IF for elderly, relatively healthy, lucid patients with a displaced fracture of the femoral neck.
Pyran copolymer as an effective adjuvant to chemotherapy against a murine leukemia and solid tumor. (1975)

Pyran (divinyl ether-maleic anhydride) copolymer (NSC 46015) is a polyanion with interferon-inducing and macrophage-stimulating properties, and therefore it has been studied as a possible antitumor agent. Extensive studies using pyran as an adjuvant to chemotherapy against the LSTRA murine leukemia and the Lewis lung carcinoma were performed. Pyran was effective over a dose range of 0.1 to 100 mg/kg/day. Single and multiple dose schedules were both capable of producing significant numbers of cures or increasing life-span, but pyran was ineffective if used without remission inducing chemotherapy. Various molecular weights of pyran copolymer were compared against NSC 46015 for adjuvant activity as well. In general, NSC 46015 tended to be the most efficacious, but all the pyran sizes that were tested possessed significant activity.
Monomode-polarization-maintaining fiber directional couplers (1983)

The fabrication and experimental evaluation of monomode-fiber directional couplers having polarization-maintaining elliptical-cored fibers is described. The couplers have a polarization isolation of greater than 40 dB and insertion losses of less than 0.5 dB.
The preparation of dihydromyricetin and study on inhibitory of tyrosinase (2012)

The optimal technological conditions were determined by orthogonal experiments,and dihydromyricetin was separated from total flavones by the column chromatography-recrystallization.L-tyrosine and L-dopamine were chosen as substrate respectively,the inhibition of tyrosinase were investigated respectively.The results indicated that the optimal extraction conditions were as follows:volume fraction of ethanol was 60%,ratio of solid to solution was 1∶ 30(g/mL),extraction temperature was 40 ℃,time was 40 min,the ultimate yield of total flavones was 46.54%.The yield and purity of dihydromyricetin were obtained by the column chromatography-recrystallization were 41.12% and 99.12%,respectively.The activities of monophenolase and diphenonase were obviously inhibited by dihydromyricetin,and the inhibition rates were 95.87% and 69.01%,respectively.
Health-related quality of life and influencing factors among migrant children in Shaoxing, China (2017)

Migrant children scored lower on health-related quality of life, which was associated with parental rejection, mother's overprotection, less subjective support, badly getting along with classmates and that they cannot use social support well.
[Experience in treating the victims of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station and the immediate disease outcomes]. (1991)

The paper is concerned with the results of therapy of 115 patients with acute radiation syndrome after the Chernobyl accident. The chief methods of the effective therapy of bone marrow syndrome are antimicrobial drugs and fresh donor platelet mass transfusions. Hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (allogenic bone marrow or embryonic hepatocytes) is indicated and effective in a very limited number of patients in accident irradiation. Severe beta-burns of the skin remain an unsolved problem as a result of their spreading. Organizational principles of therapy of a great number of patients with acute radiation syndrome in a specialized hospital were described.
IFN-CSP Inhibiting Hepatitis B Virus in HepG2.2.15 Cells Involves JAK-STAT Signal Pathway (2015)

Frequent and high-dose administration of interferon to patients with viral hepatitis results in various side effects. In our previous study, a novel liver-targeting interferon (IFN-CSP) combining Plasmodium region I peptide with IFNα2b was successfully designed and expressed in the Escherichia coli expression systems. This targeting would target the IFNα2b specifically to the liver, thus reducing the adverse events. In the present study, we further investigated the anti-HBV effects and molecular mechanisms of recombinant IFN-CSP in HepG2.2.15 cell line. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBe antigen (HBeAg) in the culture supernatants were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HBV-DNA was measured by real-time quantitative PCR. HBV core protein was assayed by immunofluorescent and western blot analysis. The expressions of signal transducers and transactivator 1 (STAT1), STAT2, IFN regulatory factor 9 (IRF-9), and 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1) were investigated by the reverse transcription PCR and western blot analysis. Results indicate IFN-CSP efficiently inhibited HBsAg and HBeAg secretion, HBV-DNA replication, and HBV core protein expression in HepG2.2.15 cells. The anti-HBV mechanisms involve activation of JAK-STAT signaling and increase of the anti-HBV protein OAS expression. IFN-CSP could be a good substitute for IFNα2b for anti-HBV treatment.
[Inhibitory effect of green tea extract on promotion and related action of TPA]. (1989)

Polyphenol components isolated from green tea showed strong antioxidant activity. The green tea extract (GTE) significantly inhibited the promoting effect of TPA in BALB/3T3 cell transformation assays. In in vivo experiments, GTE inhibited edema induced by TPA in mouse ear. The inhibitory effect of GTE on the induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity was also found in mouse skin treated with TPA. GTE decreased the frequency of SCE induced by oxygen radical in IAR 20 liver cells treated with hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase. Mechanisms of the antipromoting effect of GTE are discussed. Our experimental results suggest that GTE may have some practical use in cancer prevention.
What's new in liver fibrosis? The origin of myofibroblasts in liver fibrosis (2012)

Chronic liver injury of many etiologies produces liver fibrosis and may eventually lead to the formation of cirrhosis. Fibrosis is part of a dynamic process associated with the continuous deposition and resorption of extracellular matrix, mainly fibrillar collagen. Studies of fibrogenesis conducted in many organs including the liver demonstrate that the primary source of the extracellular matrix in fibrosis is the myofibroblast. Hepatic myofibroblasts are not present in the normal liver but transdifferentiate from heterogeneous cell populations in response to a variety of fibrogenic stimuli. Debate still exists regarding the origin of hepatic myofibroblasts. It is considered that hepatic stellate cells and portal fibroblasts have fibrogenic potential and are the major origin of hepatic myofibroblasts. Depending on the primary site of injury the fibrosis may be present in the hepatic parenchyma as seen in chronic hepatitis or may be restricted to the portal areas as in most biliary diseases. It is suggested that hepatic injury of different etiology triggers the transdifferentiation to myofibroblasts from distinct cell populations. Here we discuss the origin and fate of myofibroblast in liver fibrosis.
Hemoglobin Richmond, a Human Hemoglobin Which Forms Asymmetric Hybrids with Other Hemoglobins (1969)

Abstract The discovery of an abnormal hemoglobin variant (hemoglobin Richmond) in several members of a Negro family is reported. Structural analyses indicated a replacement of asparaginyl residue G4(102)β by a lysyl residue, while no other abnormality has been found. Carriers of this hemoglobin abnormality are clinically and hematologically normal; oxygen dissociation curves of total blood and of red cell hemolysates from carriers do not differ significantly from those observed for normal individuals. Hb Richmond is able to form asymmetric hybrid hemoglobins of the αaαxβrβx type with various human hemoglobin variants; these hybrids are readily detectable by electrophoresis at pH 9.0. Formation of these hybrids was most pronounced at low temperature. The tetrameric hemoglobin dissociates readily into dimeric subunits in NaCl solutions of moderate ionic strength, at which hemoglobin A does not dissociate significantly. A similar phenomenon was also observed in buffers of both low and high pH.
An aldol condensation experiment using a number of aldehydes and ketones (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn aldol condensation experiment using a number of aldehydes and ketonesBruce A. Hathaway Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 4, 367Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1987Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 April 1987Published inissue 1 April 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/ed064p367RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views4970Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (917 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Wideband very fast set-on receiver (2002)

A very fast, high instantaneous bandwidth set-on receiver has been developed by replacing traditional silicon components with digital and monolithic GaAs components. It consists of an instantaneous frequency measurement module, a synthesizer module (serrodyne), and limiter filter modules. The receiver exhibits a 60-ns response time over a 180-MHz bandwidth while operating in the 7-11-GHz band. Very fast set-on receivers such as this one can track and jam frequency agile or phase agile radars.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Usability User Study Concerning Free-Hand Microgesture and Wrist-Worn Sensors (2014)

Wrist-worn sensors (microphones, time-of-flight cameras, etc) have gained the attention of Human Computer Interaction (HCI) and body sensor researchers for their potential ability to aid interaction with wearable devices. In this paper, we use wrist-worn sensor modalities to evaluate free-hand microgesture usability. Our goal was to determine which microgestures should be included in a potential universal microgesture language and identify any underlying microgestural usability principles. Through a brief pilot user study recording microgesture task time and user accuracy, we were able to explore trends in common usability aspects. Results of the user study showed that free-hand microgestures, even at small physical and temporal scale, have significant effects on task time and user accuracy. Further analysis through multiple comparisons identified which microgestures produce relatively more accurate and efficient interaction. Physical commonalities between such microgestures prompted theories concerning why certain microgestures produce more efficient results. Based on findings and proposed theories, we give suggestions concerning a universal microgestural language and microgestural application development.
Phase retrieval from double axially displaced holograms for dual-wavelength in-line holography (2014)

A phase retrieval method for dual-wavelength in-line digital holography is presented with double axially displaced holograms. A synthetic wavelength is used during iterative propagations to retrieve wrap-free phase distributions with a much extended measurement range. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate a better elimination of the twin image, a faster rate of convergence of the iterative routine and less number of wavelengths are compared with previously reported multiple-wavelength in-line holography.