gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of food components on physical properties of starch. Part 4. Gel strength of starch on the addition of soy protein and food oil. (1986)

食品素材である分離大豆蛋白と澱粉が共存して加熱糊化したときの物性変化を調べた. さらに, 分離大豆蛋白, 大豆油, 水の乳化ゲルに澱粉を添加して加熱処理したゲルについてもその物性を調べ次のことがわかった.1) 4%澱粉濃度のアミログラムでは, 馬鈴薯澱粉は, 分離大豆蛋白の添加により, 糊化, 膨潤が抑制され粘度は低下した. 一方, コーンスターチでは, その影響が少なかった.2) 澱粉濃度12%の懸濁液を80℃で加熱して調製したゲルでは, 分離大豆蛋白の限定的添加により, 馬鈴薯澱粉のゲル強度は低下したが, コーンスターチでは添加量とともに増加した. しかし, 90℃加熱処理では両澱粉とも同様な傾向で分離大豆蛋白添加に伴いゲル強度は増加した.3) 分離大豆蛋白, 大豆油, 水から構成した乳化物中に澱粉を添加した系 (澱粉濃度約30%) では, 澱粉は乳化ゲルの強度を補強することが認められた. また, コーンスターチ添加乳化ゲルでは, 80℃加熱処理よりも120℃加熱処理ゲルの強度は約10%高い値を示した.4) コーンスターチ添加乳化ゲルの120℃加熱処理ゲルの強度が高くなる現象を調べたところ, コーンスターチ単独の濃度とゲル強度の関係から, 澱粉濃度が25%以上になると, 120℃加熱処理ゲルの強度は80℃加熱処理ゲルよりも高くなることがわかった.また, 顕微鏡観察より, 30%濃度のコーンスターチ単独ゲルおよび乳化ゲルとも, 澱粉粒は120℃処理でも膨潤したまま崩壊せずに残っていた. 以上のことから, 糊化, 膨潤の遅れたコーンスターチが充填材として働き, ゲルを補強するものと推定される. この特性は, レトルト食品などの素材として利用しうる可能性を示唆している.
An adaptive reference frame re-ordering algorithm for H.264/AVC based multi-view video codec (2013)

This paper proposes an adaptive reference frame re-ordering for H.264/AVC based multi-view video codecs. The algorithm relies on statistical analysis of block matching among reference frames at low bitrate. The coded macroblocks are statistically analysed and the corresponding order for reference frames is then determined. The adaptive reference frame re-ordering algorithm is evaluated for two scenarios. In the first scenario, the multi-view videos are coded using a prediction structure with a number of reference frames. In the second scenario, a video sequence that contains several scene changes is coded. The proposed algorithm has been tested using two different prediction structures for both scenarios. The measurements were carried out on four standard multi-view datasets in addition to a sequence that contains several scenes changes. Results show that the application of the proposed reference frame re-ordering algorithm significantly saves up to 6.2% of the bitrate when coding a sequence with multiple scene changes and up to 0.2 dB when coding a sequence using multiple reference frames at low bitrate.
Strengths and Limitations of 16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Sequencing in Revealing Temporal Microbial Community Dynamics (2014)

This study explored the short-term planktonic microbial community structure and resilience in Lake Lanier (GA, USA) while simultaneously evaluating the technical aspects of identifying taxa via 16S rRNA gene amplicon and metagenomic sequence data. 16S rRNA gene amplicons generated from four temporally discrete samples were sequenced with 454 GS-FLX-Ti yielding ∼40,000 rRNA gene sequences from each sample and representing ∼300 observed OTUs. Replicates obtained from the same biological sample clustered together but several biases were observed, linked to either the PCR or sequencing-preparation steps. In comparisons with companion whole-community shotgun metagenome datasets, the estimated number of OTUs at each timepoint was concordant, but 1.5 times and ∼10 times as many phyla and genera, respectively, were identified in the metagenomes. Our analyses showed that the 16S rRNA gene captures broad shifts in community diversity over time, but with limited resolution and lower sensitivity compared to metagenomic data. We also identified OTUs that showed marked shifts in abundance over four close timepoints separated by perturbations and tracked these taxa in the metagenome vs. 16S rRNA amplicon data. A strong summer storm had less of an effect on community composition than did seasonal mixing, which revealed a distinct succession of organisms. This study provides insights into freshwater microbial communities and advances the approaches for assessing community diversity and dynamics in situ.
Online Camera LiDAR Fusion and Object Detection on Hybrid Data for Autonomous Driving (2018)

Environment perception for autonomous driving traditionally uses sensor fusion to combine the object detections from various sensors mounted on the car into a single representation of the environment. Non-calibrated sensors result in artifacts and aberration in the environment model, which makes tasks like free-space detection more challenging. In this study, we improve the LiDAR and camera fusion approach of Levinson and Thrun. We rely on intensity discontinuities and erosion and dilation of the edge image for increased robustness against shadows and visual patterns, which is a recurring problem in point cloud related work. Furthermore, we use a gradientfree optimizer instead of an exhaustive grid search to find the extrinsic calibration. Hence, our fusion pipeline is lightweight and able to run in real-time on a computer in the car. For the detection task, we modify the Faster R-CNN architecture to accommodate hybrid LiDAR-camera data for improved object detection and classification. We test our algorithms on the KITTI data set and locally collected urban scenarios. We also give an outlook on how radar can be added to the fusion pipeline via velocity matching.
Genetic Variants of PXR (NR1I2) and CAR (NR1I3) and Their Implications in Drug Metabolism and Pharmacogenetics (2005)

The defense mechanisms responsible for protecting the body from endogenous toxins are also involved in the metabolism of drugs and are composed of phase I and phase II drug metabolizing enzymes, as well as drug transporters. Numerous drugs and chemicals have been shown to modulate the expression of the genes involved in these three drug-detoxifying processes. Induction of these genes contributes to both auto-induction of drug clearance and to drug-drug interactions in combination therapies. The orphan nuclear receptors PXR (pregnane X receptor) and CAR (Constitutive androstane receptor) are xenosensors that mediate drug-induced changes by increasing transcription of genes that are involved in drug clearance and disposition. Co-administration of drugs, one of which is a nuclear receptor agonist or antagonist, can either lead to altered clearance of the second drug and severe toxicity, or a loss of therapeutic efficacy or an imbalance in physiological substrate concentrations, providing a novel molecular mechanism for drug-drug interactions. Thus, genetic variability in these nuclear receptors will contribute to human variation in the magnitude of clinically significant drug-drug interactions. This review describes common PXR and CAR genetic variants that have been identified to date in the human population and the functional consequence of these variant alleles. In addition, alternatively spliced variants of PXR and CAR that may also contribute to individual variability as well as tissue specific expression of these receptors are also described. Identification of PXR and CAR genetic variants and alternatively spliced mRNAs may ultimately allow predictions of interindividual differences in target gene induction and drug-drug interactions.
Phase Singularities and Termination of Spiral Wave Reentry (2002)

Our results show for the first time that a computational model can account for the probabilistic nature of defibrillation as VEP interacts with the dynamics of an ongoing reentrant wavefront. Further, we demonstrate that success of a shock depends on the annihilation of the phase singularities that arise after any strong stimulus. Our findings imply that VEP completely overrides the preshock tissue state in shocks that are highly likely to defibrillate (ED95).
Preparation of a Ytterbium‐tagged Gunshot Residue Standard for Quality Control in the Forensic Analysis of <scp>GSR</scp> (2015)

Preparation of a ytterbium-tagged gunshot residue (GSR) reference standard for scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic (SEM-EDS) microanalysis is reported. Two different chemical markers, ytterbium and neodymium, were evaluated by spiking the primers of 38 Special ammunition cartridges (no propellant, no projectile) and discharging them onto 12.7 mm diameter aluminum SEM pin stubs. Following SEM-EDS microanalysis, the majority of tri-component particles containing lead, barium, and antimony (PbBaSb) were successfully tagged with the chemical marker. Results demonstrate a primer spiked with 0.75% weight percent of ytterbium nitrate affords PbBaSb particles characteristic of GSR with a ytterbium inclusion efficiency of between 77% and 100%. Reproducibility of the method was verified, and durability of the ytterbium-tagged tri-component particles under repeated SEM-EDS analysis was also tested. The ytterbium-tagged PbBaSb particles impart synthetic traceability to a GSR reference standard and are suitable for analysis alongside case work samples, as a positive control for quality assurance purposes.
Optimal algorithms for restricted single row routing problems (2002)

Some restricted single-row routing problem are considered. A graph-theoretic approach is used to obtain restricted classes of single-row routing problems. Optimal street congestion algorithms are proposed for single-row routing problems that have overlap graphs isomorphic to path, binary tree, and clique.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Left Atrial Appendage Closure in Atrial Fibrillation: A World without Anticoagulation? (2011)

Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia with an incidence that is as high as 10% in the elderly population. Given the large proportion of strokes caused by AF as well as the associated morbidity and mortality, reducing stroke burden is the most important part of AF management. While warfarin significantly reduces the risk of AF-related stroke, perceived bleeding risks and compliance limit its widespread use in the high-risk AF population. The left atrial appendage is believed to be the "culprit" for thrombogenesis in nonvalvular AF and is a new therapeutic target for stroke prevention. The purpose of this review is to explore the evolving field of percutaneous LAA occlusion. After briefly highlighting the risk of stroke with AF, problems with warfarin, and the role of the LAA in clot formation, this article discusses the feasibility and efficacy of various devices which have been developed for percutaneous LAA occlusion.
Syndication with JML (2000)

Article Syndication with JML Share on Authors: Robert Barta Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4229 Australia Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4229 AustraliaView Profile , Markus Schranz Ernst&Young Unternehmensberatungsges.m.b.H, Aspernbrückengasse 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria Ernst&Young Unternehmensberatungsges.m.b.H, Aspernbrückengasse 2, 1020 Vienna, AustriaView Profile Authors Info & Claims SAC '00: Proceedings of the 2000 ACM symposium on Applied computing - Volume 2March 2000 Pages 962–970https://doi.org/10.1145/338407.338706Online:01 March 2000Publication History 0citation279DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads279Last 12 Months1Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Implementing TLS with Verified Cryptographic Security (2013)

TLS is possibly the most used protocol for secure communications, with a 18-year history of flaws and fixes, ranging from its protocol logic to its cryptographic design, and from the Internet standard to its diverse implementations. We develop a verified reference implementation of TLS 1.2. Our code fully supports its wire formats, ciphersuites, sessions and connections, re-handshakes and resumptions, alerts and errors, and data fragmentation, as prescribed in the RFCs; it interoperates with mainstream web browsers and servers. At the same time, our code is carefully structured to enable its modular, automated verification, from its main API down to computational assumptions on its cryptographic algorithms. Our implementation is written in F# and specified in F7. We present security specifications for its main components, such as authenticated stream encryption for the record layer and key establishment for the handshake. We describe their verification using the F7 typechecker. To this end, we equip each cryptographic primitive and construction of TLS with a new typed interface that captures its security properties, and we gradually replace concrete implementations with ideal functionalities. We finally typecheck the protocol state machine, and obtain precise security theorems for TLS, as it is implemented and deployed. We also revisit classic attacks and report a few new ones.
Analysis and Design of a Novel $\times$4 Subharmonically Pumped Resistive HEMT Mixer (2008)

In this paper, a novel topology of an HEMT-based subharmonically pumped resistive mixer (SHPRM) is presented, i.e., the times4SHPRM. The presented topology requires only a quarter of the local oscillator (LO) frequency compared to a fundamentally pumped mixer (e.g., 15 instead of 60 GHz in a 60-GHz system). This reduction in required LO frequency provides a significant reduction in complexity of the overall radio front-end and reduces the dc power consumption as well as the occupied chip area. Thus, the times4SHPRM provides a significant cost reduction for a millimeter-wave system. Furthermore, the times4SHPRM can be used for both up- and down-conversion and it can be implemented in any field-effect transistor technology. The principle of the times4SHPRM is presented and wave analysis is applied in order to investigate the fundamental limitations of this mixer topology. For an evaluation of the times4SHPRM topology, three different monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) were designed and manufactured in the same MMIC metamorphic HEMT technology. Besides measured performance of the times4SHPRM, a traditional times2SHPRM and a single-ended resistive mixer were implemented and their performances are presented and compared. All of these MMICs operate with a 60-GHz RF frequency and employ LO signals close to 15, 30, and 60 GHz, respectively.
Functionalized initiators for group transfer and metal‐free anionic polymerization for the synthesis of macromonomers: overview and new results (1995)

Abstract Vinylphenyloxy‐ and allyloxy‐substituted silyl ketene acetals are presented as new functionalized initiators for group transfer polymerization (GTP). All initiators initiated GTP of butyl acrylate in tetrahydrofuran with tetrabutylammonium cyanide as catalyst to yield butyl acrylate macromonomers with number‐average molecular weights somewhat lower than those calculated for an ideal living polymerization and with polydispersities of about 1,8–2,6. For the metal‐free anionic polymerization, functionalized initiators were obtained introducing allyloxy and vinylbenzyl groups into tetrabutylammonium diethyl malonate. Both compounds initiated a very rapid polymerization of butyl acrylate in tetrahydrofuran with high monomer conversion. The number‐average molecular weights of the macromonomers, produced in a semi‐batch procedure, reached nearly theoretical values, the polydispersities were about 1,2. In all macromonomers the functionality with respect to terminal vinyl and allyl groups was near one, so that they can be used with other monomers to form graft copolymers, e. g., in a free‐radical polymerization.
Treatment of human spermatozoa with seminal plasma inhibits protein tyrosine phosphorylation (1998)

It has long been known that seminal plasma contains factors that influence the fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa in many different ways. However, little is understood of the biochemical cascades triggered when spermatozoa and seminal plasma interact. In this study, we examined how incubation with seminal plasma affected protein tyrosine phosphorylation in human spermatozoa. Increased protein tyrosine phosphorylation is a hallmark of sperm capacitation in several mammalian species, including human. Seminal plasma blocks protein tyrosine phosphorylation when added to washed, non-capacitated spermatozoa. Removal of seminal plasma and incubation in capacitating medium led to partial recovery of the tyrosine phosphorylation cascade. Addition of seminal plasma to a suspension of spermatozoa previously incubated for 5 h under capacitating conditions decreased the level of tyrosine phosphorylation on all proteins in a dose-dependent manner. In this case, the phosphotyrosine signal did not increase upon removal of seminal plasma followed by overnight incubation in fresh capacitating media, indicating that removal of seminal plasma was necessary but not sufficient for protein tyrosine phosphorylation to occur. These results indicate that human seminal plasma contains factors that influence the tyrosine phosphorylation status of human spermatozoa.
Functional characterization of barley betaglucanless mutants demonstrates a unique role for CslF6 in (1,3;1,4)-β-D-glucan biosynthesis (2011)

(1,3;1,4)-β-D-glucans (mixed-linkage glucans) are found in tissues of members of the Poaceae (grasses), and are particularly high in barley (Hordeum vulgare) grains. The present study describes the isolation of three independent (1,3;1,4)-β-D-glucanless (betaglucanless; bgl) mutants of barley which completely lack (1,3;1,4)-β-D-glucan in all the tissues tested. The bgl phenotype cosegregates with the cellulose synthase like HvCslF6 gene on chromosome arm 7HL. Each of the bgl mutants has a single nucleotide substitution in the coding region of the HvCslF6 gene resulting in a change of a highly conserved amino acid residue of the HvCslF6 protein. Microsomal membranes isolated from developing endosperm of the bgl mutants lack detectable (1,3;1,4)-β-D-glucan synthase activity indicating that the HvCslF6 protein is inactive. This was confirmed by transient expression of the HvCslF6 cDNAs in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. The wild-type HvCslF6 gene directed the synthesis of high levels of (1,3;1,4)-β-D-glucans, whereas the mutant HvCslF6 proteins completely lack the ability to synthesize (1,3;1,4)-β-D-glucans. The fine structure of the (1,3;1,4)-β-D-glucan produced in the tobacco leaf was also very different from that found in cereals having an extremely low DP3/DP4 ratio. These results demonstrate that, among the seven CslF and one CslH genes present in the barley genome, HvCslF6 has a unique role and is the key determinant controlling the biosynthesis of (1,3;1,4)-β-D-glucans. Natural allelic variation in the HvCslF6 gene was found predominantly within introns among 29 barley accessions studied. Genetic manipulation of the HvCslF6 gene could enable control of (1,3;1,4)-β-D-glucans in accordance with the purposes of use.
High Refractive Index Inorganic–Organic Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN) Hydrogel Nanocomposite toward Artificial Cornea Implants (2012)

The use of artificial cornea implants has received increasing attention for treating cornea-related diseases and vision errors due to the low side effects. To achieve long-term successful vision correction, stable and biocompatible materials of high refractive index (RI) need to be developed. Herein, we developed an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel containing well-dispersed ZnS nanoparticles (∼3 nm) covalently linked to the first polymer network, poly(2-hydroethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA). The second polymer network used was poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). The resultant ZnS/PHEMA/PAA IPN nanocomposite is clear and transparent at both dry and hydrated states with their RIs measured to be as high as 1.65 and 1.49, respectively. The equilibrium water content of the hydrogel nanocomposite reached 60.2% which is reasonably near to that of cornea. The material exerted minimal cytotoxicity toward primary epidermal keratinocyte cells. The high RI IPN hydrogel nanocomposite developed here might be an excellent candidate for artificial cornea implants.
Mechanisms in the Hydrolysis of Phosphorodiamidic Chlorides<sup>1</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanisms in the Hydrolysis of Phosphorodiamidic Chlorides1Patricia S. Traylor and F. H. WestheimerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 3, 553–559Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1965https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01081a029RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views153Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (744 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Technological value of SPECT/CT fusion imaging for the diagnosis of lower gastrointestinal bleeding (2015)

The aim of this study was to assess the clinical value of diagnosing and locating lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) fusion imaging with 99mTc labeled red blood cells ((99m)Tc-RBC). Fifty-six patients with suspected lower GI bleeding received a preoperative intravenous injection of (99m)Tc-RBC and each underwent planar, SPECT/CT imaging of the lower abdominal region. The location and path of lower GI bleeding were diagnosed by contrastive analysis of planar and SPECT/CT fusion imaging. Among the 56 patients selected, there were abnormalities in concentrated radionuclide activity with planar imaging in 50 patients and in SPECT/CT fusion imaging in 52 patients. Moreover, bleeding points that were coincident with the surgical results were evident with planar imaging in 31 patients and with SPECT/CT fusion imaging in 48 patients. The diagnostic sensitivity of planar imaging and SPECT/CT fusion imaging were 89.3% (50/56) and 92.9% (52/56), respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (χ(2) = 0.11, P > 0.05). The corresponding positional accuracy values were 73.8% (31/42) and 92.3% (48/52), and the difference was statistically significant (χ(2) = 4.63, P < 0.05). (99m)Tc- RBC SPECT/CT fusion imaging is an effective, simple, and accurate method that can be used for diagnosing and locating lower GI bleeding.
The Dortmund region (1985)

(1985). The Dortmund region. Scandinavian Housing and Planning Research: Vol. 2, Dynamics in Metropolitan Processes and Policies, pp. 225-230.