gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Treatment of wrinkles with botulinum toxin (1999)

Botulinum toxin (Botox) is a neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum and has been used for medical treatment since 1978. The treatment of expression lines with Botox described in 1992 is effective and widely used, but needs good training to avoid the few possible complications. Our experience (2 years, 130 patients treated) has shown that it is a safe and very reproducible procedure with no complications if the technique is good. We can predict the movement of the brows in relation to the site of injection. Botox is one of the best treatments for expression lines of the glabella, forehead and periorbital area.
Design and application of CMOS bulk input scheme (2004)

This work presents CMOS bulk input differential logic (BIDL) circuits. The bulk input scheme is applied to enable bulk terminals to receive signals. A boost circuit is employed to the bulk terminal of an input device. A multiple-input boost circuit is also developed to improve the flexibility of logic design. A current latch sense amplifier is used to generate a pair of full-swing output signals without dc power dissipation. The devices in the differential logic network are connected in parallel, leading to a low parasitic resistive and capacitive load. The BIDL has better speed and power performance than conventional differential logic circuits. The flexibility of the logic design is greatly improved. The BIDL is applied to a divide-by-128/129 frequency synthesizer using a 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS process. Measurement results of the test chip indicate that the operating frequency is 2 GHz at a supply voltage of 2.5 V.
High-gain rare-earth-doped fiber amplifier at 1.54 μm (1987)

Optical amplifiers are of interest as wideband In-line repeaters tor telecommunications and as signal regenerators for a variety of sensor applications. Much current research has concentrated on semiconductor laser amplifiers1 which are difficult to splice to fiber systems. It is clear that an amplifier consisting of a special optical fiber which is compatible with telecommunication fiber would overcome this problem. This paper describes the first results of an optical fiber amplifier based on an Er3+-doped fiber2 which has a maximum gain at a wavelength of 1.536 μm. A single-pass gain of 26 dB and a maximum output of 13 dBm at 140 MHz has been demonstrated.
Purification of Recombinant Human Serum Albumin (rHSA) Produced by Genetically Modified<i>Pichia Pastoris</i> (2008)

Recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA) was produced by genetically transformed Pichia pastoris yeast. The cell-culture supernatant (CCS) contained 8–12 g/l rHSA that was purified in a three-step procedureinvolving (1) a capture step using the newly developed cation exchanger CaptoTM MMC; (2) an intermediate step using Phenyl SepharoseTM and, (3) a polishingstep using Aminobutyl SepharoseTM 6 FF. The total recovery was 25–35% and the product fulfils the purity criteria of the European Pharmacopeia. Purified rHSA and plasma-derived HSA were essentially identical judging bySDS- or native-PAGE, and the pigment level (expressed as A 350/A280) in the rHSA was 0.03 or less and was strongly dependent on the quality of the CCS.Dimers and polymers in the final product were less than that found in purified plasma-derived HSA. The molar mass of the purified rHSA, as well as of its natural counterpart, is 67 000 Daltons by MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry, while the iso-electric points of both recombinant and natural HSA ranged between pH 5.42–5.55 when determined in 8M urea. The stability profiles of both proteins after heat treatment were identical as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results obtained here suggest the purified rHSA to be a homogeneous protein identical to its natural counterpart.
CHEMISTRY OF HUMIC SUBSTANCES EXTRACTED FROM AN ARCTIC SOIL (1975)

A humic and a fulvic acid, extracted from the Ahb horizon of an earth hummock occurring on an Alpine Tundra (Brunic Turbic Cryosol) in the northern part of the Mackenzie river in the Northwest Territories, were characterized by elementary and functional group analyses and by optical measurements. To obtain more detailed structural information, the humic acid, the major organic fraction in the soil extract, was degraded by alkaline permanganate and alkaline cupric oxide oxidation. The degradation products were identified on a gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric–computer system. The analytical characteristics of the Arctic humic and fulvic acids were similar to those reported in the literature for humic and fulvic acids from more moderate climates. However, effects of near-surface permafrost and harsh Arctic climatic conditions manifested themselves in the degradation data. Compared to humic acids from warmer climates, the Arctic humic acid appeared to be poorly developed, exhibiting a low degree of condensation and aromaticity, a low resistance to mild chemical oxidants, yielding only very small amounts of benzenepolycarboxylic acids higher than the di-forms, but relatively large quantities of aliphatic carboxylic acids, especially the n-C 16 and n-C 18 fatty acids.
UWB IMAGING FOR BREASTR CANCER DETECTION USING NEURAL NETWORK (2009)

This paper presents a simple feed-forward back- propagation Neural Network (NN) model to detect and locate early breast cancer/tumor efficiently through the investigation of Electro- magnetic (EM) waves. A spherical tumor of radius 0.25 cm was cre- ated and placed at arbitrary locations in a breast model using an EM simulator. Directional antennas were used to transmit and receive Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) signals in 4 to 8 GHz frequency range. Small training and validation sets were constructed to train and test the NN. The received signals were fed into the trained NN model to find the presence and location of tumor. Very optimistic results (about 100% and 94.4% presence and location detection rate of tumor respectively) have been observed for early received signal components with the NN model. Hence, the proposed model is very potential for early tumor detection to save human lives in the future.
First X‐Ray Structure Analyses of Rhodium(III) η<sup>1</sup>‐Allyl Complexes and a Mechanism for Allylic Isomerization Reactions (2009)

Metal-to-metal allyl transfer: Using the first structurally characterized rhodium eta(1)-allyl complexes it is shown that the sigma-bound allyl substituent can be transferred from the Rh(III) complex to a Rh(I) complex in a fast equilibrium. This process may account for the decrease in regioselectivity observed in allylic alkylation reactions in which complex 1 is used as a catalyst.
DNA Alignment at Cationic Lipid Monolayers at the Air/Water Interface (2004)

The interaction of DNA with other DNA and with charged interfaces is of utmost importance for understanding nonviral transfection and DNA diagnostics with optimized chips. This can be studied in detail using Langmuir monolayers of cationic lipids as soft surface of a DNA containing subphase. The positional order of the lipid and the DNA sublattices can be studied by synchrotron X-ray diffraction under continuous variation of parameters such as molecular density or surface pressure. It is shown that DNA binding condenses the membrane surface, and the resulting structure is determined by the interplay of DNA−lipid and DNA−DNA interactions.
Electron Teleportation via Majorana Bound States in a Mesoscopic Superconductor (2010)

Zero-energy Majorana bound states in superconductors have been proposed to be potential building blocks of a topological quantum computer, because quantum information can be encoded nonlocally in the fermion occupation of a pair of spatially separated Majorana bound states. However, despite intensive efforts, nonlocal signatures of Majorana bound states have not been found in charge transport. In this work, we predict a striking nonlocal phase-coherent electron transfer process by virtue of tunneling in and out of a pair of Majorana bound states. This teleportation phenomenon only exists in a mesoscopic superconductor because of an all-important but previously overlooked charging energy. We propose an experimental setup to detect this phenomenon in a superconductor-quantum-spin-Hall-insulator-magnetic-insulator hybrid system.
Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Lung Remodeling (2003)

Abstract Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 (Gelatinase B, 92-kD type IV collagenase, EC 3.4.24.35) is an MMP that is present in low quantities in the healthy adult lung, but much more abundant in several lung diseases, including asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Despite numerous reports of MMP-9 in these and other lung diseases, whether MMP-9 is causal in lung remodeling or part of the inflammatory and reparative response remains to be determined. Many intrinsic lung cells can be stimulated to produce MMP-9, but much of the information regarding MMP-9 in the lung deals with MMP-9 from inflammatory cells. The multiple locations and cell types producing MMP-9 are consistent with multiple functions in different microenvironments. In addition to digestion of structural proteins and antiproteases, MMP-9 can modify cellular function by regulation of cytokines and matrix-bound growth factors. Determining the role of MMP-9 in health and disease will be important, because broad spectrum and specific inhibitors will soon be available to enable conversion of the bench knowledge to bedside practice. This review addresses the current understanding of MMP-9 in human asthma, IPF, and COPD, and in animal models of these conditions.
The effects of ketamine on suicidality across various formulations and study settings (2019)

Ketamine may be an effective option for the treatment of suicidal ideation in patients across inpatient, outpatient, or emergent settings. At this time, more research is needed on the efficacy of ketamine across all formulations being used in clinical practice.
Parallel support for source code analysis and modification (2003)

Tools that analyze and enhance large-scale software systems using symbolic reasoning are computationally expensive, and yet processors are cheap. We believe that enabling tools with parallel foundations will lead to qualitatively more useful tools. We have implemented a large-scale industrial-strength program transformation system, the DMS Software Reengineering Toolkit, entirely in PARLANSE, a new parallel language. PARLANSE provides support for irregular fine-grain parallelism with zero-cost exception handling. This paper sketches the motivation for PARLANSE, its parallelism support and how it is used in a number of DMS-based applications, including parallel rewriting and attribute evaluation.
Optical Nonlinearity in Ar and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">N</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>near the Ionization Threshold (2011)

We directly measure the nonlinear optical response in argon and nitrogen in a thin gas target to laser intensities near the ionization threshold. No instantaneous negative nonlinear refractive index is observed, nor is saturation, in contrast with a previous measurement [Opt. Express 17, 13429 (2009)] and calculations [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 183902 (2011)]. In addition, we are able to cleanly separate the instantaneous and rotational components of the nonlinear response in nitrogen. In both Ar and N2, the peak instantaneous index response scales linearly with the laser intensity until the point of ionization, whereupon the response turns abruptly negative and ∼constant, consistent with plasma generation.
Reference Intervals for Fetal Ear Length Between 19 and 24 Weeks of Pregnancy on 3-Dimensional Sonography (2011)

Reference intervals for fetal ear length using 3-dimensional sonography in the rendering mode from 19 weeks to 23 weeks 6 days of pregnancy were determined and proved reproducible.
Glomerular dysfunction and associated risk factors through four years following initiation of ART in adults with HIV Infection in Africa in the DART trial (2008)

n=16 0.5% (0.3-0.8%) n=93 2.9% (2.3-3.5%) n=162 5.0% (4.3-5.8%) n=94 2.9% (2.4-3.5%) n=20 0.6% (0.4-1.0%) n=30 0.9% (0.7-1.3%) 0.8% (0.5-1.2%) 0.2% (0-1.3%) 0 p=0.11 1.0% (0.7-1.5%) 1.0% (0.4-2.3%) 0 p=0.23 By tenofovir DF † : never taken TDF on TDF now or previously 0 0.6% (0.4-1.0%) 0.6% (0.2-1.7%) 1.0% (0.7-1.5%) 0.3% (0.1-0.7%) 0.7% (0.4-1.2%) p=0.13 2.3% (1.7-3.1%) 3.4% (2.7-4.5%) p=0.05 5.0% (4.0-6.2%) 5.0% (4.0-6.2%) p=0.99 2.7% (2.0-3.6%) 3.1% (2.3-4.1%) p=0.54 0.7% (0.4-1.2%) 0.6% (0.3-1.1%) p=0.65 0.8% (0.5-1.4%) 1.1% (0.7-1.7%) p=0.47 Cumulative incidence of renal outcomes and fractures
A New Process for Improved Oil Recovery from Water Injection by a Functional Molecule at 100 ppm Concentration (2019)

Abstract Low salinity water injection when effective in increasing oil recovery is often thought to be through increase in water wetting. Recently, oil-water interfacial rheology has been suggested to be related to oil recovery from low salinity water flooding. We have also discovered that addition of a very small amount of a functional molecule in the injection brine increases oil recovery significantly. Quantitative effect of interfacial elasticity and the effect of rock on oil recovery is investigated at 100 ppm concentration in this work for the first time. A light crude oil is used in four sets of waterflooding experiments in a carbonate rock. The injection brine is modified by adding 100 ppm of a non-ionic surfactant. To understand the recovery performances, interfacial viscoelasticity, interfacial tension and contact angle measurements are performed using brines of varying salinities. In interfacial rheology the effect of equilibration of the aqueous phase with the rock is also investigated. Additionally, adsorption of the surfactant in the carbonate rock is investigated for various aqueous phases via UVvis spectrometry. Crude oil, calcite and reservoir brine show moderate oil-wetting behavior. Addition of surfactant molecules makes the system more water-wet, however, the change is not pronounced. From coreflooding experiments, addition of surfactant in high salinity brine increases recovery by over 20% which we interpret to be due increase in interface elasticity. The phase angle which is a direct measure of interface elasticity decreases by 70% in an aqueous phase at about 4 wt% salt due to the surfactant. High interface elasticity reduces oil snap off and increases oil recovery. An effective molecule dissolved in water can increase the interface elasticity significantly. In relation to low salinity water injection we have established that there is an optimum salt concentration for high oil recovery. The injection of an aqueous phase without salt gives a lower recovery than injection of say 0.1 wt% salt in the injected water. We have introduced a new IOR process based on interface elasticity which requires a very low concentration of a non-ionic surfactant. The process is neither through wettability alteration nor through significant change in IFT. The chemical we have used is environmentally friendly and of low cost. It has very low adsorption onto the rock surface.
Electrical surface conductivity in quartz induced by ion implantation (1992)

Quartz was implanted with titanium ions at high doses (up to 3.3×1017 cm−2). At low energy (40 keV), a highly conductive layer was formed near the surface. The measured sheet resistance was less than 100 Ω/⧠. The implantation-induced changes in quartz were characterized using various methods such as cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). As a result of ion implantation, SiO2 was dissociated. Metallic titanium and new chemical compounds between Si, O, and Ti were observed by XPS. However, no conductivity was observed with other metallic ions, such as Fe and Cu, which are known not to react chemically with SiO2. This suggests a correlation between the induced surface conductivity and the chemical reactivity of the implanted species with SiO2. The ion beam synthesis of such a near-surface conductive layer was then applied during the fabrication of miniaturized pressure sensors based on piezoelectric quartz. This technique is proposed to replace the more conventional approach, i.e., deposition of a thin metallic layer, and to resolve problems related to the hermetic seal made by field-assisted bonding between glass and quartz plate.
A New Question Answering System for Chinese Restricted Domain (2006)

In this paper, we propose the construction of a web-based Question Answering (QA) system for restricted domain, which combines three resource information databases for the retrieval mechanism, including a Question&Answer database, a special domain documents database and the web resource retrieved by Google search engine. We describe a new retrieval technique of integrating a probabilistic technique based on OkapiBM25 and a semantic analysis which based on the ontology of HowNet knowledge base and a special domain HowNet created for the restricted domain. Furthermore, we provide a method of question expansion by computing word semantic similarity. The system is first developed for a middle-size domain of sightseeing information. The experiments proved the efficiency of our method for restricted domain and it is feasible to transfer to other domains expediently using the proposed method.
Investigation of Unsteady Pressure-Sensitive Paint (uPSP) and a Dynamic Loads Balance to Predict Launch Vehicle Buffet Environments (2016)

This NESC assessment examined the accuracy of estimating buffet loads on in-line launch vehicles without booster attachments using sparse unsteady pressure measurements. The buffet loads computed using sparse sensor data were compared with estimates derived using measurements with much higher spatial resolution. The current method for estimating launch vehicle buffet loads is through wind tunnel testing of models with approximately 400 unsteady pressure transducers. Even with this relatively large number of sensors, the coverage can be insufficient to provide reliable integrated unsteady loads on vehicles. In general, sparse sensor spacing requires the use of coherence-length-based corrections in the azimuthal and axial directions to integrate the unsteady pressures and obtain reasonable estimates of the buffet loads. Coherence corrections have been used to estimate buffet loads for a variety of launch vehicles with the assumption methodology results in reasonably conservative loads. For the Space Launch System (SLS), the first estimates of buffet loads exceeded the limits of the vehicle structure, so additional tests with higher sensor density were conducted to better define the buffet loads and possibly avoid expensive modifications to the vehicle design. Without the additional tests and improvements to the coherence-length analysis methods, there would have been significant impacts to the vehicle weight, cost, and schedule. If the load estimates turn out to be too low, there is significant risk of structural failure of the vehicle. This assessment used a combination of unsteady pressure-sensitive paint (uPSP), unsteady pressure transducers, and a dynamic force and moment balance to investigate the integration schemes used with limited unsteady pressure data by comparing them with direct integration of extremely dense fluctuating pressure measurements. An outfall of the assessment was to evaluate the potential of using the emerging uPSP technique in a production test environment for future launch vehicles. The results show that modifications to the current technique can improve the accuracy of buffet estimates. More importantly, the uPSP worked remarkably well and, with improvements to the frequency response, sensitivity, and productivity, will provide an enhanced method for measuring wind tunnel buffet forcing functions (BFFs).
Effective preservation techniques to prolong the shelf life of ready‐to‐eat oysters (2014)

Dipping in sodium acetate (10 g L⁻¹), coating with sodium alginate (40 g L⁻¹) and packaging under MAP (0:75 O₂:CO₂) represent the best conditions to guarantee a significant shelf life extension to about 160 h compared with 57 h for unpackaged oysters.
Interactions between sea lice and their hosts (2004)

Although most people think of copepods as primarily free-living animals this is not the case as over half of all the known species of copepods live in association with other organisms (Huys and Boxshall, 1991). Of these species the nature of their associations ranges from being symbiotic to truly parasitic during some or all of their life history stages. For the purpose of this chapter we are defining sea lice as those species that are in the genera Lepeophtheirus (Nordmann, 1832) and Caligus (Müller, 1785). These genera belong to the order Siphonostomatoida and family Caligidae. Species within these genera are ectoparasites of a wide variety of species of fish in marine and brackish waters.
Photocurrent multiplication at organic/metal interface and surface morphology of organic films (2000)

Photocurrent multiplication occurring at an organic pigment/metal interface was revealed to be strongly dependent on the surface morphology of the organic film. The polycrystalline pigment film having a microscopically rough surface showed large photocurrent multiplication reaching the gain of more than 104-fold, while amorphous pigment film having a smooth surface and Au film showed little multiplication. Because of imperfect contact with an Au electrode deposited on a bumpy film surface, there exists a large number of blind alleys (structural trap) which can hold off photogenerated holes. The accumulation of hole carriers builds up high electric field at organic/metal interface and triggers the tunneling injection of electrons from the Au electrode. Emergence of the photocurrent multiplication phenomenon was successfully demonstrated to be controllable through changing the organic film morphology. The present results also pointed out the existence of a large number of blind alleys acting as structural traps at organic/metal interface.
An ultra low power and high efficiency UWB transmitter for WPAN applications (2008)

This paper presents a single-chip transmitter for ultra wide band (UWB) wireless communication system based on impulse radio technology. It is implemented in a CMOS 0.18-mum technology with 3.3 V voltage supply. The transmitter can generate UWB pulse with 2 GHz bandwidth with 20-dB side-lobe rejection. The differential output swing is 7.2 V under 100 Omega loads. The average current consumption of the transmitter is 224 muA at 1 Mbps with the highest energy efficiency of 10.5%.
Protein-electroblotting and -microsequencing strategies in generating protein data bases from two-dimensional gels. (1989)

Coomassie blue-stained, heat-dried, and computer-imaged two-dimensional gels used to develop comprehensive human protein data bases served as the protein source to generate partial amino acid sequences. The protein spots were collected from multiple gels, rehydrated, concentrated by stacking into a new gel, electroblotted onto inert membranes, and in situ-digested with trypsin. Peptides eluting from the membranes were separated by HPLC and sequenced. Using this procedure, it was possible to generate partial sequences from 13 human proteins recorded in the amnion cell protein data base. Eight of these sequences matched those of proteins stored in data bases, demonstrating that a systematic analysis of proteins by computerized two-dimensional gel electrophoresis can be directly linked to protein microsequencing methods. The latter technique offers a unique opportunity to link information contained in protein data bases derived from the analysis of two-dimensional gels with forthcoming DNA sequence data on the human genome.