gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solid-state optical refrigeration to sub-100 Kelvin regime (2016)

Since the first demonstration of net cooling twenty years ago, optical refrigeration of solids has progressed to outperform all other solid-state cooling processes. It has become the first and only solid-state refrigerator capable of reaching cryogenic temperatures, and now the first solid-state cooling below 100 K. Such substantial progress required a multi-disciplinary approach of pump laser absorption enhancement, material characterization and purification, and thermal management. Here we present the culmination of two decades of progress, the record cooling to ≈ 91 K from room temperature.
Sperm output of older men (2004)

While neither study group may be representative of the general male population, these findings suggest that sperm production, reflected in sperm output but not sperm density, as well as sperm morphology and viability are diminished in this population of healthy, non-infertile older men.
Thermocatalytic conversion of food processing wastes: Topical report, FY 1988 (1989)

The efficient utilization of waste produced during food processing operations is a topic of growing importance to the industry. While incineration is an attractive option for wastes with relatively low ash and moisture contents (i.e., under about 50 wt % moisture), it is not suitable for wastes with high moisture contents. Cheese whey, brewer's spent grain, and fruit pomace are examples of food processing wastes that are generally too wet to burn efficiently and cleanly. Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) is developing a thermocatalytic conversion process that can convert high-moisture wastes (up to 98 wt % moisture) to a medium-Btu fuel gas consisting primarily of methane and carbon dioxide. At the same time, the COD of these waste streams is reduced by 90% to 99%, Organic wastes are converted by thermocatalytic treatment at 350/degree/C to 400/degree/C and 3000 to 4000 psig. The process offers a relatively simple solution to waste treatment while providing net energy production from wastes containing as little as 2 wt % organic solids (this is equivalent to a COD of approximately 25,000 mg/L). This report describes continuous reactor system (CRS) experiments that have been conducted with food processing wastes. The purpose of the CRS experiments was to provide kinetic and catalyst lifetime data, which could not be obtained with the batch reactor tests. These data are needed for commercial scaleup of the process.
Goodley Polyaxial Cervical Traction (1986)

A cervical traction system is discussed that offers advantages over traditional methods of applying cervical traction. The major advantage of this system is that it allows precise application of traction to only the restricted spinal segments. Because of this specificity, traction may be applied at reduced force, decreasing the risk of injury. The traction apparatus is adjusted easily to the individual and may be used in the clinic or at home. My experience with the apparatus has shown greater patient compliance, resulting in increased treatment effectiveness, when compared with traditional traction methods. Four representative case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of this traction system. Closely controlled studies are needed to substantiate the effectiveness and safety of this traction system.
Pervaporation separation of water/ethanol mixtures through polysaccharide membranes. IV. The relationships between the permselectivity of alginic acid membrane and its solid state structure (1990)

Abstract Membranes composed of alginic acid, which is one of the anionic polysaccharides, were investigated as pervaporation membranes for the separation of water/alcohol mixtures. The selectivity of the alginic acid membrane increased markedly by more than 10,000 when the carboxyl group of alginic acid was neutralized by bases. The counter cation (Li + , Na + , K + , Rb + , and Cs + ) influenced the permeation rate for the alginate membranes, which varied from 0.1 kg/m 2 h for the Li version to 1.0 kg/m 2 h for the Cs version, but the counterion had hardly any effect on the selectivity. The behavior could not be explained simply by the affinity of the alginate membranes toward water, but could be explained well by the conformation change and mobility of alginate molecules investigated by CP/MAS 13 C‐NMR, water mobility within the alginate membrane, and crystallinity of the membrane.
Tendon to Bone Healing: Differences in Biomechanical, Structural, and Compositional Properties Due to a Range of Activity Levels (2003)

Little knowledge exists about the healing process of the tendon to bone insertion, and hence little can be done to improve tissue healing. The goal of this study is to describe the healing of the supraspinatus tendon to its bony insertion under a variety of loading conditions. Tendons were surgically detached and repaired in rats. Rat shoulders were then immobilized, allowed cage activity, or exercised. Shoulders that were immobilized demonstrated superior structural (significantly higher collagen orientation), compositional (expression of extracellular matrix genes similar to the uninjured insertion), and quasilinear viscoelastic properties (A = 0.30 +/- 0.10 MPa vs. 0.16 +/- 0.08 MPa, B = 17.4 +/- 2.9 vs. 15.1 +/- 0.9, and tau 2 = 344 +/- 161 s vs. 233 +/- 40 s) compared to those that were exercised, contrary to expectations. With this knowledge of the healing response, treatment modalities for rotator cuff tears can be developed.
Efficient Low Delay Filtering For Residual Echo Suppression (2010)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Aalborg, Denmark, 2010
Comparison of H–Cr single layer and Ni–P/H–Cr duplex coating (2015)

In this study, the Ni–P/H–Cr coating from substrate to surface was deposited on copper by electroless plating (Ni–P) and electrodeposition (H–Cr). The surface morphology and cross- section observations were analysed using scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy. The results showed that the use of Ni–P layer as an undercoat before H–Cr coating the surface morphology has changed from a non-smooth state to a smooth state. In addition, the microcracks on the surface layer of H–Cr can be reduced. The loss of mass diagram and the worn surfaces indicated that using an Ni–P layer underneath the H–Cr layer increased the wear resistance.
New Aminocoumarin Antibiotics from Genetically Engineered Streptomyces Strains (2005)

The aminocoumarin antibiotics novobiocin, clorobiocin and coumermycin A(1) are produced by different Streptomyces strains and are potent inhibitors of DNA gyrase. The biosynthetic gene clusters of all three antibiotics have been cloned and sequenced, and the function of most genes contained therein has been elucidated. In the last years, a number of "unnatural" aminocoumarins could be generated using the genetic information for the biosynthesis of these antibiotics. The investigated enzymes of aminocoumarin biosynthesis have less-than-perfect substrate specificity, facilitating the production of new antibiotics by various methods. Several new aminocoumarins could be produced by targeted genetic manipulation in the natural producers, but also in heterologous host Streptomyces coelicolor after expression of the respective gene cluster. Mutasynthesis experiments, i. e. generation of a cloQ-defective mutant of the clorobiocin producer and feeding of 13 different structural analogs of 3-dimethylallyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid to this mutant, allowed the isolation of 32 new aminocoumarins. These compounds contained, instead of the genuine 3-dimethylallyl-4-hydroxybenzoyl moiety, the externally added analogs as the acyl components in their structures. Production of new aminocoumarins was also achieved by chemoenzymatic synthesis in vitro. Several biosynthetic enzymes have been heterologously expressed, purified und used for chemoenzymatic synthesis. The structures of the new aminocoumarins were elucidated by NMR and mass spectroscopy. Their inhibitory activity on gyrase in vitro as well as their antibacterial activity was determined. These results give further insight into the structure-activity relationships of aminocoumarins.
The effect of process conditions on the ?-amylolytic hydrolysis of amylopectin potato starch: An experimental design approach (1999)

The hydrolysis of amylopectin potato starch with Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase (Maxamyl) was studied under industrially relevant conditions (i.e. high dry-weight concentrations). The following ranges of process conditions were chosen and investigated by means of an experimental design: pH [5.6-7.6]; calcium addition [0-120 microg/g]; temperature [63-97 degrees C]; dry-weight concentration [3-37% [w/w]]; enzyme dosage [27.6-372.4 microL/kg] and stirring [0-200 rpm]. The rate of hydrolysis was followed as a function of the theoretical dextrose equivalent. The highest rate (at a dextrose equivalent of 10) was observed at high temperature (90 degrees C) and low pH (6). At a higher pH (7.2), the maximum temperature of hydrolysis shifted to a lower value. Also, high levels of calcium resulted in a decrease of the maximum temperature of hydrolysis. The pH, temperature, and the amount of enzyme added showed interactive effects on the observed rate of hydrolysis. No product or substrate inhibition was observed. Stirring did not effect the rate of hydrolysis. The oligosaccharide composition after hydrolysis (at a certain dextrose equivalent) did depend on the reaction temperature. The level of maltopentaose [15-24% [w/w]], a major product of starch hydrolysis by B. licheniformis alpha-amylase, was influenced mostly by temperature.
Isolation of <i>dnaJ, dnaK</i>, and <i>grpE</i> homologues from <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> and complementation of <i>Escherichia coli</i> mutants (1993)

The heat-shock proteins DnaJ, DnaK, and GrpE are involved in the replication of various species of DNA in Escherichia coli, in addition to their roles in other processes, including protein disaggregation and export. We have cloned the Borrelia burgdorferi homologues of these genes. DNA sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame encoding a protein that is 62% identical to the E. coli DnaK protein. Genes homologous to the E. coli grpE and dnaJ genes, encoding products 28% and 39% identical to their homologues, are located up- and downstream, respectively, of the B. burgdorferi dnaK gene. No obvious promoters were detected in the sequenced DNA, although a potential transcription terminator was found downstream of the dnaJ gene, so these three genes may form an operon, perhaps with a fourth gene located upstream of the grpE gene. The grpE homologue complemented an E. coli grpE mutant and the dnaJ homologue complemented an E. coli dnaJ mutant, whereas the B. burgdorferi dnaK gene did not complement dnaK mutants.
RECOVERING FACADE TEXTURE AND MICROSTRUCTURE FROM REAL-WORLD IMAGES (2002)

This chapter discusses how doctors in key European countries develop and maintain professional standards of clinical knowledge in their specialism, rheumatology, with particular reference to how they are assessed in the workplace. The authors discuss key educational theories related to learning and assessment, including experiential learning, reflective practice, how formative and summative assessments drive experiential learning and the essential principles of reliability and validity. This chapter also considers the challenge of ensuring that professional attitudes towards assessment and reflective practice are developed alongside cognitive and practical skills, with reference to current frameworks, including the UK and North America. The chapter lists, describes and explains the main summative assessments used in postgraduate medicine in the UK. We advocate the development of the professional reflective-practitioner attitude as the best way of approaching the range of work-based assessments that trainees need to engage in. Our account concludes by briefly discussing the barriers that may impede professional approaches to assessing competence in rheumatology. A summary states how individual practitioners may contribute to a more effective process in their roles as assessors and trainees.
Amantadine and guanidine are ineffective in ALS (1981)

Amantadine and guanidine were evaluated in two groups of 10 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients each. In a double-blind, crossover design lasting 1 year, neither drug showed therapeutic benefit as compared to placebo.
Modification of aluminum chips for LDI mass spectrometry of proteins (2007)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI TOFMS) combined with affinity chromatography on immobilized phenylboronic acid agarose gels was used for selective enrichment and detection of specifically modified proteins such as glycated proteins in complex biological samples. Physicochemical grafting of hydrophilic polymers on aluminum surface was developed to reduce nonspecific protein sorption and to create a proper support layer for a three-dimensional affinity hydrogel. Grafted agarose allowed the fixation of three-dimensional agarose hydrogel on the chip surface. Both pinched polymers and hydrogels were effectively derivatized. 3-Aminophenylboronic acid (mPBA) was covalently immobilized as an affinity ligand to achieve specific binding of glycated plasma proteins. Alternatively, the affinity sorbent was immersed into the hydrogel to increase binding capacity. MALDI TOFMS was used to evaluate binding efficiency and molecular mass changes of human serum albumin due to glycation. Glycated proteins were captured directly on the chip with high selectivity and efficacy, and low nonspecific binding. Thus they could easily be characterized by MALDI TOFMS.
A SYSTEMATIC INTEGRATIVE REVIEW OF INFANT PAIN ASSESSMENT TOOLS (2004)

When choosing a pain assessment tool, one must also consider the infant population and setting, and the type of pain experienced. The decision should be made after carefully considering the existing published options. Confidence that the instrument will assess pain in a reproducible way is essential, and must be demonstrated with validity and reliability testing. Using an untested instrument is not recommended, and should only occur within a research protocol, with appropriate ethics and parental approval. Because pain is a multidimensional phenomenon, well-tested multidimensional instruments may be preferable.
Analysis of electromigration-induced failures in multilayered interconnects (1993)

The authors studied electromigration-induced failures in multilayered interconnects with overlayer TiN in conjunction with the overlayer-TiN/Al heterointerface evaluation. The electrical contact resistance between Al and TiN changes with fabrication processes. The contact between Al and underlayer TiN shows almost the same resistance as Al/Al direct contact. On the other hand, the contact between overlayer TiN and Al shows higher resistance compared with that of Al/Al direct contact; its value varies with the deposition processes. That is, overlayer-TiN/Al structure successively deposited without breaking vacuum shows one order of magnitude higher contact resistance, while overlayer-TiN/Al structure deposited after Al was exposed to air shows two orders of magnitude higher contact resistance compared with Al/Al direct contact. The high contact resistance between overlayer TiN and Al suppresses the current bypass flow even when it is one order of magnitude higher compared with that of Al/Al direct contact. The simple multilayered structure of overlayered TiN/Ti/Al exhibits high reliability for submicrometer-level interconnects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reduction in the diabetogenic effect of alloxan in mice by treatment with the antineoplastic agent ICRF-187. (1981)

Blood glucose concentrations were markedly elevated in CD-1 mice 48 hr after iv administration of alloxan (75 mg/kg). Treatment with three doses of ICRF-187 (96 to 345 mg/kg) given 60 min before and 4 and 8 hr after alloxan significantly attenuated the increase in blood glucose. Pretreatment with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a known free radical scavenger, at doses of 3.5 to 7.3 g/kg also protected against the alloxan diabetogenic action. When the lowest doses of ICRF-187 (96 mg/kg) and DMSO (3.5 g/kg) were combined, alloxan exerted no hyperglycemic effect. The protective effects of ICRF-187 and DMSO were confirmed morphologically. In alloxan-treated animals, beta cell granules were absent. In contrast, the degree of granulation showed only a mild to moderate reduction in those alloxan-treated animals given ICRF-187 alone, DMSO alone, or the combination of ICRF-187 and DMSO. These results suggest that ICRF-187 may alter the mechanism of free radical generation thought to be responsible for the production of alloxan diabetes.
Role of fibronectin in diagnosis of malignant ascites. (1997)

The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of ascitic fluid fibronectin in the diagnosis of malignant ascites. Fibronectin is a glycoprotein which plays an important role in regulating the organisation of the cell cytoskeleton and cell morphology. Ascitic fluid samples from 35 patients, 20 with portal hypertension (Group-I) and 15 with malignant ascites (Group-II) were analysed for proteins, cell counts, fibronectin levels and malignant cell cytology. Mean ascitic fluid fibronectin level was found to be significantly higher in malignant ascites as compared to portal hypertension (p < 0.001). At a cut off value of 94.67 microg/ml, the sensitivity, specificity, positive accuracy, negative accuracy and overall diagnostic accuracy was found to be 100%, 95%, 93.8%, 100% and 97.1% respectively.
Thermal Analysis and Operational Characteristics of an AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistor with Copper-Filled Structures: A Simulation Study (2019)

In this study, we investigated the operational characteristics of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) by applying the copper-filled trench and via structures for improved heat dissipation. Therefore, we used a basic T-gate HEMT device to construct the thermal structures. To identify the heat flow across the device structure, a thermal conductivity model and the heat transfer properties corresponding to the GaN, SiC, and Cu materials were applied. Initially, we simulated the direct current (DC) characteristics of a basic GaN on SiC HEMT to confirm the self-heating effect on AlGaN/GaN HEMT. Then, to verify the heat sink effect of the copper-filled thermal structures, we compared the DC characteristics such as the threshold voltage, transconductance, saturation current, and breakdown voltage. Finally, we estimated and compared the lattice temperature of a two-dimensional electron gas channel, the vertical lattice temperature near the drain-side gate head edge, and the transient thermal analysis for the copper-filled thermal trench and via structures. Through this study, we could optimize the operational characteristics of the device by applying an effective heat dissipation structure to the AlGaN/GaN HEMT.
Toward a Reformulation of Community Theory (1956)

Few students of the community are satisfied with current theoretical approaches to this perplexing social group. Little advance has been made in the decades since MacIver gave theoretical formulation to the concept of the community; since Park, Burgess, and others of the Chicago school made their rich strike of valuable ore in the veins of the ecological approach; or since Wilson, Galpin, and Sanderson devised ways for operationally defining, delineating, and describing the rural community in a way which lent itself to useful research.
Gate model networks for minimization of multiple-valued logic functions (2002)

The use of gate model networks as a logic minimization method for multiple-valued logic functions is proposed. The gate model network is a kind of neural network constructed like and AND-OR two-level circuits using two gate models: an AND type gate model and an OR type gate model. The backpropagation (BP) method is used to train the network until it realizes the minimal solution. A solution is derived from the weights and thresholds. The gate model networks are applied to binary AND-OR circuit minimization and to the multiple-value max-of-min's expression minimization. It is shown that the gate model network is also applicable to minimize multiple-valued sum-of-products expressions, where sum refers to TSUM.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ECCLESIASTICAL CONTROVERSY IN GEORGE HERBERT'S ‘PEACE’ (1971)

Journal Article ECCLESIASTICAL CONTROVERSY IN GEORGE HERBERT'S ‘PEACE’ Get access MICHAEL WEST MICHAEL WEST Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of English Studies, Volume XXII, Issue 88, November 1971, Pages 445–451, https://doi.org/10.1093/res/XXII.88.445 Published: 01 November 1971
Rearrangement of arylhydrazones of .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carbonyl compounds in polyphosphoric acid. 6 (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRearrangement of arylhydrazones of .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carbonyl compounds in polyphosphoric acid. 6Raffaello Fusco and Franco SannicoloCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 23, 4374–4378Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00197a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00197a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views690Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Acyltransferases in Protease’s Clothing (2000)

One of the most intriguing questions in plant secondary metabolism concerns the evolution of the genes required for the rapid diversification of plant chemistry. In particular, the mechanisms are beginning to be understood by which evolution recruits primary and intermediary metabolism genes to
Capillary GC of triglycerides in fats and oils using a high temperature phenylmethylsilicone stationary phase. Part II. The analysis of chocolate fats (1987)

Abstract The analyses of the fats and oils used in the chocolate industry are reported. Triglyceride mixtures are directly injected on an FSOT column coated with a phenylmethylsilicone gum stationary phase. On phenylmethylsilicone phase, besides a carbon number separation, the triglycerides are separated according to the different combinations of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in the triglycerides. Cocoa butters of different origin were analyzed and their POP:POS:SOS ternary diagram is discussed. The profiles of the non‐cocoa butter fats such as butter oil, oils originating from nuts (e.g., hazelnut, almond, Brazil nut, walnut) and cocoa butter equivalents are presented. The elucidation of a complex chocolate fat mixture is shown and discussed in view of the recognition of the different constituents (pattern recognition) and in view of the detection and quantification of adulterations.