gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microstructure and Tribological Properties of WC/Ni Clad Layers Produced with a Pulsed Nd:YAG Laser and Optical Fibres (1998)

WC/Ni clad layers were produced on H13 tool steel substrates with a pulsed Nd:YAG laser and optical fibres using the injected powder technique. The effects of parameters, such as laser beam profile, WC particle shape and substrate pre-heat temperature on the clad layer micro-structure and wear properties were investigated. The micro-hardness of the clad layers was measured using a Vickers micro-hardness tester. The micro-structure of the clad layers was assessed by optical and scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with x-ray diffraction. The results show that up to 1 mm thick, fully dense and crack-free clad layers of WC/Ni can be formed on H13 substrates. The results further show that the higher the micro-hardness of the clad layer, the higher its wear resistance. Average surface micro-hardness values of the coatings were as high as 650 HV{0.5} and their abrasive wear resistance was a factor of 5-10 times higher than that of heat-treated H13 tool steel.
Optical barcoding of colloidal suspensions: applications in genomics, proteomics and drug discovery (2002)

The enormous amount of information generated through sequencing of the human genome has increased demands for more economical and flexible alternatives in genomics, proteomics and drug discovery. Many companies and institutions have recognised the potential of increasing the size and complexity of chemical libraries by producing large chemical libraries on colloidal support beads. Since colloid-based compounds in a suspension are randomly located, an encoding system such as optical barcoding is required to permit rapid elucidation of the compound structures. We describe in this article innovative methods for optical barcoding of colloids for use as support beads in both combinatorial and non-combinatorial libraries. We focus in particular on the difficult problem of barcoding extremely large libraries, which if solved, will transform the manner in which genomics, proteomics and drug discovery research is currently performed.
Review Article: Anatomic Double Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (2007)

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) consists of 2 bundles: a slightly larger anteromedial bundle and a posterolateral bundle, named according to their relative tibial insertion sites. Both bundles are crucial to knee stability. Although it is more technically demanding, a double bundle ACL reconstruction restores the knee biomechanics better and provides more rotational stability than a single bundle ACL reconstruction. Intermediate and long-term clinical investigation including the measurement of rotational laxity and the evaluation of osteoarthritic change is needed to confirm biomechanical and short-term clinical outcomes.
Sequence Analysis of Tn <i>10</i> Insertion Sites in a Collection of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Strains Used for Genetic Mapping and Strain Construction (1998)

The chromosomal insertion sites of Tn10-containing Escherichia coli strains were amplified by inverse PCR, and the nucleotide sequences of the junctions were determined. In 95 strains analyzed, 88 unique Tn10 positions were determined and matched to the E. coli chromosome sequence. Two gaps in insertion site positions were noted, one including the terminus of DNA replication and another bounded by recombination hot spots RhsA and RhsB.
Security requirements for cooperative work (1994)

Applications involving cooperation between several users are often expressed in terms of operations on shared objects. The challenge is to provide adequate access to shared objects for cooperating principals while maintaining the required level of integrity and privacy for objects. We assume an open system environment populated with distributed and potentially shareable and persistent objects. Security mechanisms should be independent of application programs, ensuring the security of data objects regardless of the programs that are used to access them. In general, we need the ability to control access at the level of each of the operations of an object.We present a security model that reflects the structure of cooperative work, enabling users' security policies and other task requirements to be translated directly into access rights for those shared objects whose protection must be guaranteed for the successful outcome of cooperative tasks. Our model is derived from a study of some cooperative tasks in the real world [5]. The model is based on notions of group tasks, organisational roles and delegation. We consider briefly the implications of our security model for operating system design in the context of a shared object system based on a distributed shared memory model [1].
Distributing semantic constraints between heterogeneous databases (2002)

In recent years, research on distributing databases over networks has become increasingly important. In this paper, we concentrate on the issues of the interoperability of heterogeneous DBMSs and enforcing integrity across a multi-database made in this fashion. This has been done through a cooperative project between Aberdeen and Linko/spl uml/ping universities, with database modules distributed between the sites. In the process, we have shown the advantage of using DBMSs based on variants of the functional data model (FDM), which has made it remarkably straightforward to interoperate queries and schema definitions. Further, we have used the constraint transformation facilities of P/FDM (Prolog implementation of FDM) to compile global constraints into active rules installed locally on one or more AMOS (Active Mediators Object System) servers. We present the theory behind this, and the conditions for it to improve performance.
Development of Magnetic Microbubbles for Drug Delivery System (DDS) (2000)

The purpose of this study is to develop a new ultrasonic contrast agent for the drug delivery system (DDS). Ferromagnetic materials or magnetic carbons were placed on the surfaces of the surfactant microbubbles developed in our laboratory for the above purpose. Multivalent ions such as calcium ions were used to place the ferromagnetic materials or magnetic carbons on the surfaces of the microbubbles. It was confirmed that the developed magnetic microbubbles could be lead by a permanent magnet. Furthermore, the performance of the magnetic microbubbles was evaluated by measuring the time dependence of the attenuation constant as one of their acoustic properties.
Aortic arch malformations and ventricular septal defect in mice deficient in endothelin-1. (1995)

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a 21-amino acid peptide with various biological activities including vasoconstriction and cell proliferation. To clarify the physiological and pathophysiological role of ET-1, we disrupted the mouse Edn1 locus encoding ET-1 by gene targeting and demonstrated that ET-1 is essential to the normal development of pharyngeal arch-derived tissues and organs. In this study, we focused on the phenotypic manifestations of Edn1-/- homozygous mice in the cardiovascular system. Edn1-/- homozygotes display cardiovascular malformations including interrupted aortic arch (2.3%), tubular hypoplasia of the aortic arch (4.6%), aberrant right subclavian artery (12.9%), and ventricular septal defect with abnormalities of the outflow tract (48.4%). The frequency and extent of these abnormalities are increased by treatment with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies or a selective ETA receptor antagonist BQ123. At an earlier embryonic stage, formation of pharyngeal arch arteries and endocardial cushion is disturbed in Edn1-/- homozygotes. In situ hybridization confirmed ET-1 expression in the endothelium of the arch arteries and cardiac outflow tract and the endocardial cushion as well as in the epithelium of the pharyngeal arches. Thus, ET-1 is involved in the normal development of the heart and great vessels, and circulating ET-1 and/or other ET isoforms may cause a functional redundancy, at least partly, through the ETA receptor.
Precoder design in user-centric virtual cell networks (2017)

We consider the coordinated transmission in the downlink of user-centric virtual cell networks where a number of Remote Radio Heads (RRHs) form a virtual cell to serve every user equipment (UE). We introduce two cell formation schemes and design the precoders in order to optimize the sum data rate with fairness among users. The original non-convex weighted sum-rate maximization problem is converted into an equivalent matrix-weighted sum-mean square error (MSE) minimization problem, which is solved by a distributed precoding algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed weighted minimum mean square error (WMMSE) algorithm provides a substantial gain over existing algorithms in terms of sum data rates with moderate implementation cost.
Measuring Viral Load in the Clinical Setting (1995)

The traditional approach of assessing new treatments in clinical end-point studies is becoming less viable for ethical and practical reasons. As more antiretroviral options become available and as treatment is commenced at earlier, asymptomatic stages of infection, alternative methods of assessing the efficacy of antiretroviral regimens are necessary. Recently developed quantitative measures of viral nucleic acids are already proving invaluable in predicting which drugs and combinations are most promising for further investigation. These approaches have been used to evaluate the effect of antiretroviral drugs in clinical trials comparing zidovudine (AZT) monotherapy with combinations of AZT/didanosine (ddI), AZT/zalcitabine (ddC), and AZT/lamivudine (3TC). In one study (Trial BW 34,225-02), levels of HIV-1 RNA in serum fell by approximately 50% in antiretroviral-naive patients on commencement of AZT monotherapy. For patients treated with AZT/ddI and AZT/ddC, reductions in serum HIV-1 RNA levels were significantly greater (80-90%). Increases in CD4 cell count corresponded with these decreases with the decrease in viral load. A second study (Trial NUCB3001) comparing the effect of AZT monotherapy with AZT/3TC therapy in antiretroviral-naive individuals showed even more marked and sustained superiority of the combination regimen over monotherapy (>1.8 log RNA copies/ml vs. 0.7 log RNA copies/ml after 4 weeks). These studies showed that the reduction in viral load achieved with combination therapies were greater and were sustained for longer periods than with monotherapy. The most pronounced effect was achieved by the AZT/3TC combination. Assessment of viral load is a practical and promising approach to monitoring antiretroviral action.
Selective co growth on Cu for void-free via fill (2015)

We report for the first time a highly selective CVD Co deposition on Cu to fill a 45nm diameter 3:1 aspect ratio via in a Cu dual damascene structure. We have achieved void-free Co fill of the via, demonstrating that a selective bottom-up via fill with Co is a potentially viable approach. Defect formation and control in the process and device integration are discussed. This selective process provides an opportunity to reduce via resistance and shrink the minimum metal 1 (M1) area for aggressive standard cell size scaling as needed for 7nm technology.
Cluster Formation in Perfluoroheptane-<i>i</i>-Octane Systems near the Consolute Temperature (1960)

Small-angle x-ray measurements on the system C7F16-i-C8H18 at temperatures near the consolute temperature show that a large degree of clustering takes place. Starting with pure i-C8H18, which exhibits no scattering, the scattered intensity increases with increasing C7F16 concentration in a manner which indicates that the clusters are increasing in size. The maximum size is attained at a volume fraction of ∼0.50, at which point the clusters are made up of ∼140 C7F16 molecules. With a further increase in concentration, interaction peaks first appear in the intensity curves, indicating an approach to close packing, and then the slope of the curves begins to decrease, indicating that a phase reversal has taken place giving rise to smaller clusters of hydrocarbon in perfluorocarbon.
Review of carbon nanotubes production by thermal chemical vapor deposition technique (2016)

We have reviewed carbon nanotubes (CNTs) production on a silicon wafer by thermal chemical vapor deposition (TCVD) using acetylene as a carbon source, cobalt as a catalyst and ammonia as a reactive gas. The DC-sputtering system was used to prepare cobalt thin films on Si substrates. Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) measurements were used to investigate the elemental composition of the Co nanocatalyst deposited on Si substrates. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was used to characterize the surface topography of the Co nanocatalyst deposited on Si substrates. The as-grown CNTs were characterized under Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) to study the morphological properties of CNTs.
Replacement of the Intervening Amino Acid Sequence of a Syk-Binding Diphosphopeptide by a Nonpeptide Spacer with Preservation of High Affinity (2002)

Divalent peptidomimetic compounds can bind a signal transduction protein and provide an avenue towards uncovering compounds capable of influencing or interfering with protein–protein interactions in general. High-affinity binding was realized by linking two relatively weakly interacting monophosphorylated peptides with an oligoethylene glycol spacer (see structure) the length of which was tuned by design.
A Crane Scheduling Problem in a Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Environment (1991)

This paper addresses a crane scheduling and machine layout problem in a Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) Environment. A single crame is used to move all the Work-in-Process (WIP) in the system. The overall system objective is to maximize the yield rate subject to the flow time limit of the WIP. We formalize the problem, and analytically and empirically show that cyclic scheduling provides a near optimal solution, which is superior to dispatching rules. First, we illustrate the optimality and benefits of cyclic scheduling in a simple environment. Then, for multiple-product problems, we show that for a given sequence, finding the minimum cycle time becomes the maximum cost circular network flow problem in a graph. Based on the insights developed, a heuristic for sequencing product types in a cycle is derived that approximately minimizes the cycle time over all sequences. Finally, computational experiments are reported and various assertions made in the paper are empirically verified.
Quantitative X-Ray Powder Diffraction Method Using the Full Diffraction Pattern (1987)

Abstract A new quantitative X-ray powder diffraction (QXRPD) method has been developed to analyze polyphase crystalline mixtures. The unique approach employed in this method is the utilization of the full diffraction pattern of a mixture and its reconstruction as a weighted sum of diffraction patterns of the component phases. To facilitate the use of the new method, menu-driven interactive computer programs with graphics have been developed for the VAX series of computers. The analyst builds a reference database of component diffraction patterns, corrects the patterns for background effects, and determines the appropriate reference intensity ratios. This database is used to calculate the weight fraction of each phase in a mixture by fitting its diffraction pattern with a least-squares best-fit weighted sum of selected database reference patterns. The new QXRPD method was evaluated using oxides found in ceramics, corrosion products, and other materials encountered in the laboratory. Experimental procedures have been developed for sample preparation and data collection for reference samples and unknowns. Prepared mixtures have been used to demonstrate the very good results that can be obtained with this method.
Requirements of bipolar switching ReRAM for 1T1R type high density memory array (2011)

ReRAM has been researched as a promising candidate for diverse NVM application [1]. Still switching mechanism and classification are not clear, there are simply two kinds of switching polarity: unipolar and bipolar. Considering distribution, operation margin and so on, bipolar switching looks much attractive than unipolar. Along with a selective device, polarity of switching could make the architecture of cell array different. The Crossbar array structure has been considered an attractive solution for unipolar switching with diode. To make the crossbar array with bipolar switching devices, research on a new selective device such as MIEC [2] is much necessary to meet the requirements of current drivability and on/off properties. In addition, self-rectifying device [3-4] could be an alternative for a high density crossbar array. Recently, several research groups have shown very fast and high reliable device. It could be a good signal that ReRAM could have speed and endurance for DRAM or embedded applications. In case of those applications, 1T1R structure could be an effective and it could be used to check the feasibility by changing ReRAM cell with capacitor or MTJ. From now on, transistor has been mainly considered as a controller for the compliance current in set process. But the bipolar 1T1R structure for a high density array, there are several things to be considered, because a transistor would be acting as a changeable resistance at a set and reset process and its resistance goes up as the technology shrinks. So in this paper, we tried to figure out the requirements of bipolar ReRAM switching for the high density 1T1R memory array by changing reset current and symmetry of ReRAM devices.
Ester Synthesis by a Recombinant Cutinase in Reversed Micelles of a Natural Phospholipid (1994)

Fusarium solani pisi recombinant cutinase solubilized in reversed micelles of a nonionic surfactant (phosphatidylcholine) in isooctane was used to catalyze the esterification of fatty acids with 2-butanol. Various parameters affecting the catalytic activity of the microencapsulated cutinase, such as pH, wo (molar ratio water/surfactant), temperature and substrate concentration were investigated. Maximal specific activity were obtained with wo=13, at pH 10.7 and 35d`C. The cutinase showed a higher specific activity for short length fatty acids, namely butyric acid. Calculation of the apparent kinetic parameters (km and Vmax) for the synthesis of butyl butyrate, showed a low apparent affinity of the cutinase in phosphatidylcholine reversed micelles for both substrates.
A Double-Tail Latch-Type Voltage Sense Amplifier with 18ps Setup+Hold Time (2007)

A latch-type voltage sense amplifier in 90nm CMOS is designed with a separated input and cross-coupled stage. This separation enables fast operation over a wide common-mode and supply voltage range. With a 1-sigma offset of 8mV, the circuit consumes 92fJ/decision with a 1.2V supply. It has an input equivalent noise of 1.5mV and requires 18ps setup-plus-hold time
Two <i>dcm</i> Gene Clusters Essential for the Degradation of Diclofop-methyl in a Microbial Consortium of <i>Rhodococcus</i> sp. JT-3 and <i>Brevundimonas</i> sp. JT-9 (2018)

The metabolism of widely used aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides has been extensively studied in microbes. However, the information on the degradation of diclofop-methyl (DCM) is limited, with no genetic and biochemical investigation reported. The consortium L1 of Rhodococcus sp. JT-3 and Brevundimonas sp. JT-9 was able to degrade DCM through a synergistic metabolism. To elaborate the molecular mechanism of DCM degradation, the metabolic pathway for DCM was first investigated. DCM was initially transformed by strain JT-3 to diclofop acid and then by strain JT-9 to 2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy) propionic acid as well as 2,4-dichlorophenol. Subsequently, the two dcm gene clusters, dcmAE and dcmB1B2CD, involved in further degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol, were successfully cloned from strain JT-3, and the functions of each gene product were identified. DcmA, a glutathione-dependent dehalogenase, was responsible for catalyzing the reductive dehalogenation of 2,4-dichlorophenol to 4-chlorophenol, which was then converted by the two-component monooxygenase DcmB1B2 to 4-chlorocatechol as the ring cleavage substrate of the dioxygenase DcmC. In this study, the overall DCM degradation pathway of the consortium L1 was proposed and, particularly, the lower part on the DCP degradation was characterized at the genetic and biochemical levels.
An Electrothermomechanical Lumped Element Model of an Electrothermal Bimorph Actuator (2008)

This paper reports a simple electrothermomechanical lumped element model (ETM-LEM) that describes the behavior of an electrothermal bimorph actuator. The ETM-LEM is developed by integrating an electrothermal LEM of a heater with a thermomechanical LEM of a bimorph actuator. This new LEM uses only one power source in both the electrical and thermal domains. The LEM provides a simple and accurate way of relating the output mechanical response of a bimorph actuator to the electrical inputs. The model shows that the tip angular rotation of the bimorph actuator is linearly proportional to its average temperature change. The LEM predicts a linear relationship between both the average temperature change and bimorph tip angular rotation versus voltage when operated above a certain voltage. The LEM is used to predict the rotation angle of a fabricated electrothermal bimorph micromirror in response to the electrical inputs and produces results that agree with finite element model simulations and experimental data within 15% for all measured parameters.
Acid-Based Synthesis of Monodisperse Rare-Earth-Doped Colloidal SiO<sub>2</sub> Spheres (2002)

Rare-earth-doped SiO2 colloids can be grown in a wet chemical procedure by adding the appropriate rare earth chloride to a solution of tetraethoxysilane, glacial acetic acid, and water. The size polydispersity of the particles can be controlled in a seeded growth process, and monodisperse Er3+-doped particles were grown by covering 183-nm-diameter seed particles with a 5−6-nm-thick (Er-doped) shell. After annealing, typical Er luminescence is observed with long luminescence lifetimes.
Low-overhead, digital offset compensated, SRAM sense amplifiers (2009)

Device variability in modern processes has become a major concern in SRAM design, degrading performance, yield, power, and reliability. While low-swing bitlines can reduce power consumption and increase performance, offset in the sense amplifiers due to device variability hinders the scalability of this technique. A promising method for decreasing the offset is post-silicon tuning using digitally controlled offset compensation. Thus, we have designed and implemented low-overhead, digital offset compensated, SRAM sense amplifiers using both the latch-style and StrongARM topologies. Measured results from a 4 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> testchip design in a 45 nm bulk CMOS process containing 3000 sense amplifier instances per chip show that we can reduce the standard deviation of offset (sigma <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFFSET</sub> ) by over 5x.