gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heteroepitaxial Growth of Rutile TiO<sub>2</sub> on GaN(0001) by Pulsed Laser Deposition (2005)

Rutile TiO 2 (100) thin films have been grown on GaN(0001) surfaces by using the pulsed laser deposition method. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) measurements during the deposition clearly revealed the layer-by-layer growth of TiO 2 at a substrate temperature of 400°C under an oxygen pressure of 1×10 -5 Torr. X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy confirmed that the obtained films have high crystallinity with atomically flat surfaces. Pole figure measurements revealed the epitaxial relationship between TiO 2 and GaN, namely that the in-plane TiO 2 <010> axis aligns parallel to the GaN<1010>.
DE QUERVAIN'S DISEASE (1951)

1. In patients who develop de Quervain's disease variations from the standard pattern of tendons at the wrist are the rule rather than the exception. 2. Conservative treatment is of no value. 3. Adequate exposure, allowing full recognition of all anatomical structures in the region, is advisable, but branches of the radial nerve must be treated with respect. 4. The extensor pollicis brevis tendon is normally small and may pass through a separate osteofibrous canal. 5. Though incision only of the stenosing tendon sheaths may be sufficient, thorough excision is more certain and does no harm.
Dual-in-line laser diode module for fiber-optic transmission up to 4 Gbit/s (1987)

A very high-speed laser diode (LD) module, having a "butterfly" type dual-in-line structure is developed. This LD module consists of a laser diode, a p-i-n-photodiode for monitoring the laser power, a thermoelectric cooler, and a thermistor. The power emitted from the LD is coupled into a single-mode fiber using a hemispherical tapered fiber technique. The microwave design of the LD module employing high frequency equivalent circuit and scattering ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</tex> ) parameters is shown. Parasitic inductances and capacitances in the LD module degrade the high frequency characteristics. This is a very serious problem in gigabit fiber-optic transmission systems. The microwave impedance, small signal high frequency characteristics, and high-speed pulse response of the fabricated module with low parasitics are also shown. Electrical resonance frequency is 4.8 GHz and well opened eye patterns up to 4 Gbit/s are obtained in the experiments.
Optical and photoelectrical studies of charge-transfer processes in YAl<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>:Ti crystals (1996)

The donor and acceptor charge-transfer transitions in YAl${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$:${\mathrm{Ti}}^{3+}$/${\mathrm{Ti}}^{4+}$ were investigated through absorption, emission, excitation, one-photon and two-photon photoconductivities, excited-state absorption, and thermoluminescence. The results are contrasted to similar studies previously made on ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$:${\mathrm{Ti}}^{3+}$/${\mathrm{Ti}}^{4+}$. The dominant ${\mathrm{Ti}}^{3+}$ population has a photoionization threshold at 37 000 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The lowest energy ${\mathrm{Ti}}^{4+}$ charge-transfer transition has its zero-phonon energy near to 33 900 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The sum of these two quantities agrees with the reported band-gap energy of YAl${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. The position of the ${\mathrm{Ti}}^{3+}$/${\mathrm{Ti}}^{4+}$ level in the band gap of YAl${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ is determined by these measurements. Stimulated emission from the $^{2}E$ state of ${\mathrm{Ti}}^{3+}$ is limited by photoionization from this state.
Development of High-Lift Wing Modifications for an Advanced Capability EA-6B Aircraft (1990)

NASA-Langley has been in a development program aimed at improvements of the EA-6B electronic countermeasures aircraft's maneuvering capabilities; one objective of this effort is the investigation of relatively simple wing design modifications which could yield improved low speed high lift performance with minimum degradation of higher-speed performance. Various two- and three-dimensional low speed and transonic CFD techniques have accordingly been used during the design effort, which involved leading-edge slat and trailing-edge flap contour evaluations by both computation and wind tunnel experiment. Significant low-speed maximum-lift enhancements were obtained without cruise-speed deterioration.
GC-MS Characterization of the Compounds in Some Essential Oils (1970)

The composition of different essential oils (menthe, basil, lavender, rose) was investigated by gas chromatographic–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method to identify those compounds responsible for the characteristic, pleasant floral or aroma odour or taste of some valuable oils. Three different rose oils presented monoterpenes as fragrance target compounds and some aliphatic hydrocarbons with fixative effects responsible for a longer-lasting odour impression. Chromatography was performed on a 5% phenyl methylpolysiloxane column (15 or 30 m x 0.25 mm I.D., 0.25 µm) operated in suitable temperature programs.
The JUNGFRAU Detector for Applications at Synchrotron Light Sources and XFELs (2018)

JUNGFRAU is the pixel detector developed at PSI for SwissFEL [1]. Although the detector development was driven by the SwissFEL requirements, it was soon realized that such a detector could also be of interest for synchrotron light source applications since it would, when operated at high frame rates, significantly extend the count rate capabilities of current-generation single photon counting detectors.<br /> In this article, we begin with a basic description of the detector working principle, together with a summary of the detector characterization results. Next, we describe the different JUNGFRAU detector configurations available and their geometries, followed by a description of the detector deployment and operation at SwissFEL. Then, the challenges of using a charge integrating detector at synchrotron light sources are explained, followed by a few examples of the possibilities opened by this kind of detector in such an environment. The last section offers an outlook for the project.
Commercial-Scale Demonstration of the Liquid Phase methanol (LPMEOH) Process A DOE Assessment (2003)

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Clean Coal Technology (CCT) Program seeks to offer the energy marketplace more efficient and environmentally benign coal utilization technology options by demonstrating them in industrial settings. This document is a DOE post-project assessment (PPA) of one of the projects selected in Round III of the CCT Program, the commercial-scale demonstration of the Liquid Phase Methanol (LPMEOH{trademark}) Process, initially described in a Report to Congress by DOE in 1992. Methanol is an important, large-volume chemical with many uses. The desire to demonstrate a new process for the production of methanol from coal, prompted Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. (Air Products) to submit a proposal to DOE. In October 1992, DOE awarded a cooperative agreement to Air Products to conduct this project. In March 1995, this cooperative agreement was transferred to Air Products Liquid Phase Conversion Company, L.P. (the Partnership), a partnership between Air Products and Eastman Chemical Company (Eastman). DOE provided 43 percent of the total project funding of $213.7 million. Operation of the LPMEOH Demonstration Unit, which is sited at Eastman's chemicals-from-coal complex in Kingsport, Tennessee, commenced in April 1997. Although operation of the CCT project was completed in December 2002, Eastman continues to operate the LPMEOH Demonstration Unit for the production of methanol. The independent evaluation contained herein is based primarily on information from Volume 2 of the project's Final Report (Air Products Liquid Phase Conversion Co., L.P. 2003), as well as other references cited.
Intracranial chemical-shift artifacts on MR images of the brain: observations and relation to sampling bandwidth. (1990)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of chemical-shift artifacts on cranial MR and to illustrate the interrelationship among chemical-shift artifacts, variable acquisition parameters, and field strength. Measurements of chemical-shift artifacts were performed on scans obtained from a volunteer imaged in a 1.5-T General Electric system at bandwidths of 8, 16, and 32 kHz, using a 24-cm field of view and an 8-kHz bandwidth with a 48-cm field of view. Chemical-shift displacements at 8 kHz were 6.6 and 14.2 mm at the respective fields of view. Retrospective review was also performed in 77 cases of cranial MR performed on a 1.4-T Technicare unit for the presence and source of chemical-shift artifact on spin-density and T2-weighted images. Most data reviewed showed no significant interference of chemical-shift artifacts on cranial images. An artifactual subdural fluid collection was a common artifact (n = 30/77). When present, this was due to shift of fat signal from subcutaneous tissues onto the brain in patients younger than 10 years old (n = 4/10) and correlated with the distance between brain and subcutaneous fat of less than the linear value of the chemical shift. When this artifact was present in adults (n = 25/67), it was due to shift of the medullary fat signal across the inner table of the skull. The latter also occurred in one child under 10. Apparent location shifts, consistent with the displacement expected from the chemical-shift artifact, were noted in five of five cases of intracranial lipoma. In one of these, the chemical-shift artifact disguised the presence of a large associated vessel. The method of calculating the linear displacement of chemical-shift artifact is reviewed, and the interrelationship of machine parameters and chemical-shift artifact is illustrated. Chemical-shift artifact increases proportionally with field strength and field of view. Increasing the bandwidth to decrease chemical-shift artifact has a resultant penalty in signal to noise but allows a lower time to echo. A lower time to echo can also be accomplished without increasing the bandwidth if asymmetric sampling is used. Awareness of the relationships among chemical-shift artifacts, acquisition parameters, and field strengths can result in a more tailored examination when the chemical-shift artifact is going to be a significant factor. In addition, interpreter error can be avoided by awareness of these relationships when reviewing images from outside institutions.
Welcoming to International Conference on Sustainable Agriculture, Food, and Energy (SAFE 2015) (2015)

We are proud to invite you to join us at the International Conference on Sustainable Agriculture, Food, and Energy (SAFE2015): Fostering Multi-stakeholder collaboration on Sustainable Agriculture, Food and Energy which will be held from 17-20 November 2015 at Nong Lam University Ho Chi Minh City, VIETNAM. This conference is the third conference after the 1st International Conference on Sustainable Agriculture, Food, and Energy (SAFE2013) in Padang, Indonesia (12-14 May 2013) and the 2nd conference SAFE2014 in Bali, Indonesia (17-19 September 2014).
On Cohomology Automorphisms of Complex Flag Manifolds (1984)

We conjecture a classification of the automorphisms of the rational cohomology ring of $U\left ( n \right )/H$ for $H$ a closed connected subgroup of maximal rank in $U\left ( n \right )$, and prove a partial result.
Why Ethics Matters for Autonomous Cars (2016)

If motor vehicles are to be truly autonomous and able to operate responsibly on our roads, they will need to replicate—or do better than—the human decision-making process. But some decisions are more than just a mechanical application of traffic laws and plotting a safe path. They seem to require a sense of ethics, and this is a notoriously difficult capability to reduce into algorithms for a computer to follow.
EphA2-Dependent Molecular Targeting Therapy for Malignant Tumors (2011)

Clarification of the molecular mechanisms of oncogenesis and drug resistance is a prerequisite for the development of new treatment strategies like molecularly targeted therapies. Recent studies demonstrate that EphA2 is overexpressed in human cancers and that EphA2 increases tumor invasion and survival. Thus, an EphA2 receptor antagonist, such as a specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor (in the form of an antibody, small molecule, peptide, or siRNA) or an antibody-drug conjugate that targets the EphA2 receptor could be the basis for a novel targeted antineoplastic therapy. This review summarizes the role of EphA2 in tumorigenesis and the development of EphA2 receptor antagonists as candidate anti-cancer agents. We suggests that continued research into the function of EphA2 signaling in the pathobiology of neoplasia could lead to more rationally designed therapeutics targeting EphA2 in solid tumors.
Clinical Experience with Inflatable and Malleable Penile Implants in 104 Patients (1996)

Penile prosthesis was implanted for erectile impotence of mainly organic origin in 104 patients. The AMS Dynaflex penile prosthesis was inserted in 39 cases, the AMS Malleable 600 prosthesis in 61 and the AMS Ultrex Plus prosthesis in 4. In 1 patient receiving a malleable prosthesis both rods had to be removed owing to erosion into the urethra and reimplantation was performed at the same operation. Only 1 patient who underwent implantation of the Dynaflex device had mechanical failure that necessitated surgical revision. After implantation of the new prosthesis both patients had satisfactory intercourse. One Dynaflex penile prosthesis, implanted into a juvenile-onset diabetic, became infected and required removal. Another complication was secondary to spontaneous erosion (noninfected) in 1 patient with malleable prosthesis who suffered loss of only one rod and who is still satisfied with the result. The overall complication rate in our series has been approximately 4%. The rest of the patients report satisfaction with the ability to move the penis voluntarily permitting normal sexual activities as well as normal appearance in the flaccid position. According to our experience, careful preoperative assessment from the views of both patient and device selection along with patient education, and strictly obeying the rules of sterility during implantation and applying systemic and local antimicrobial prophylaxis are essential in obtaining a successful result in prosthesis implantation for the individual patient.
Genomic Signatures of Human versus Avian Influenza A Viruses (2006)

Position-specific entropy profiles created from scanning 306 human and 95 avian influenza A viral genomes showed that 228 of 4591 amino acid residues yielded significant differences between these 2 viruses. We subsequently used 15,785 protein sequences from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) to assess the robustness of these signatures and obtained 52 "species-associated" positions. Specific mutations on those points may enable an avian influenza virus to become a human virus. Many of these signatures are found in NP, PA, and PB2 genes (viral ribonucleoproteins [RNPs]) and are mostly located in the functional domains related to RNP-RNP interactions that are important for viral replication. Upon inspecting 21 human-isolated avian influenza viral genomes from NCBI, we found 19 that exhibited > or =1 species-associated residue changes; 7 of them contained > or =2 substitutions. Histograms based on pairwise sequence comparison showed that NP disjointed most between human and avian influenza viruses, followed by PA and PB2.
Specific and Charge Interactions Mediate Collagen Recognition by Oral Lactobacilli (1995)

The mechanisms by which oral lactobacilli, one of the three major genera of cariogenic bacteria, attach to tooth surfaces are unknown. We hypothesize that recognition of collagen, the major component of dentin, may be a mechanism which localizes these bacteria to exposed root surfaces as well as to carious lesions which have penetrated the dentin. We found that the majority of oral Lactobacillus spp. strains recognize and bind collagen type I. Binding of 125I-labeled collagen type I to two strains of L. casei rhamnosus has been characterized in some detail. These strains were previously characterized with respect to their attachment to dentin (Switalski and Butcher, 1994). The process of 125I-collagen binding was mediated via specific as well as charge interactions. The putative adhesin-mediated (specific) interaction involved a limited number of bacterial surface components (2 x 10(3)/cell). Under conditions conducive for non-specific interactions (low ionic strength), the binding was higher by an order of magnitude. Collagen binding strains were found to adhere to collagen-coated surfaces, while strains unable to bind collagen adhered to a much lesser extent. Adherence of bacteria to collagen-coated surfaces could be competitively inhibited with collagen. These interactions may target collagen-binding strains of lactobacilli to dentin collagen in the oral cavity and thus play a role in the pathogenesis of root surface and/or coronal caries. Interference with this collagen-mediated attachment of lactobacilli may provide effective means of caries control, particularly in view of the fact that other oral acidogenic microbiota also interact with collagen.
Augmented Reality Hologram (2019)

This paper presents the development of a mobile application that enables the creation of holographic objects and displays holographic objects on mobile devices. This project aims to demonstrate how the functionalities are implemented, and testing would be conducted to ensure the accuracy of creation and exhibitions of the holographic objects. During the app testing, there would be two approaches, which were tested based on two different lightings conditions. Users would be able to create their holographic objects with minimum lighting changes based on the results of the two approaches.
Incorporation of adenovirus in calcium phosphate precipitates enhances gene transfer to airway epithelia in vitro and in vivo. (1998)

Adenovirus (Ad)-mediated gene transfer to airway epithelia is inefficient because the apical membrane lacks the receptor activity to bind adenovirus fiber protein. Calcium phosphate (CaPi) precipitates have been used to deliver plasmid DNA to cultured cell lines. However, such precipitates are not effective in many primary cultures or in vivo. Here we show that incorporating recombinant adenovirus into a CaPi coprecipitate markedly enhances transgene expression in cells that are resistant to adenovirus infection. Enhancement requires that the virus be contained in the precipitate and viral proteins are required to increase expression. Ad: CaPi coprecipitates increase gene transfer by increasing fiber-independent binding of virus to cells. With differentiated cystic fibrosis (CF) airway epithelia in vitro, a 20-min application of Ad:CaPi coprecipitates that encode CF transmembrane conductance regulator produced as much CF transmembrane conductance regulator Cl- current as a 24-h application of adenovirus alone. We found that Ad:CaPi coprecipitates also increased transgene expression in mouse lung in vivo; importantly, expression was particularly prominent in airway epithelia. These results suggest a new mechanism for gene transfer that may be applicable to a number of different gene transfer applications and could be of value in gene transfer to CF airway epithelia in vivo.
Investigating resource interference and scaling on multitenant PaaS clouds (2016)

Platform as a Service (PaaS) clouds are capable of both transparently allocating computing resources as well as providing part of the software stack and related services to tenant applications that execute on a subset of available cloud VMs. To deal with increased load, PaaS clouds enable applications to scale out, by creating extra instances, or scale up, by adding resources to the existing instances. However, good scalability is not necessarily attainable; in this paper we investigate the reasons for this. In particular, we propose a mathematical model that describes CPU allocation per tenant depending on interference from other tenants on the same VM, which we use to make predictions and confirm them in a variety of experimental situations. Furthermore, using a set of cloud tenants that target specific resources, we propose and evaluate a methodology for profiling the resource-intensiveness of cloud applications that uses slowdown in the presence of a resource-intensive cloud burner.
Visual Disturbances Caused by Labyrinthine Disease (1986)

The eye-head coordination during lateral gaze was examined in normal subjects and patients with unilateral and bilateral labyrinthine lesions. Eye movements were recorded by d. c. electro-oculography, and head rotation was measured using a newly devised apparatus equipped with two terrestrial magnetic sensors. This apparatus made it possible to record head rotation without mechanical restraint. From the results thus obtained it was clarified that the illusory motion of the surroundings in unilateral labyrinthine lesion occurs exclusively when the head moves to the involved side, and its direction is opposite to that of the head movement.
The association of oxidant–antioxidant status in patients with chronic renal failure (2015)

Oxidative stress has been linked to disease progression, including chronic renal failure (CRF). The aim of the present study was to determine malondialdehyde (MDA) as a sign of lipid peroxidation, and to investigate the association between antioxidant activities and three trace elements, in 49 patients with CRF. The erythrocyte and plasma trace elements [selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu)] and antioxidant defense levels were determined: glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), vitamins E and C. The obtained values were compared with 42 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. There were significantly lower mean values of plasma Se, GPx, vitamins E and C, erythrocyte Se, SOD and CAT levels in the patient group compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Plasma MDA showed a significant increase in all CRF patients in comparison with controls. No significant difference was found in plasma Cu, Zn, and erythrocyte GPx, Cu and Zn levels between patient and control groups. These findings indicate oxidative stress is present in patients of CRF, and may serve to establish a simple protocol for evaluation of renal function.
Clinton Oats Arrive (1945)

A variety of oats that promises to turn the poor oats years into good ones will be grown by a few farmers in every county of Iowa in 1946, and if the carefully laid plan of producing seed works out satisfactorily, then it should be in many Iowa farmers’ fields by 1947.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies of the Influence of Zn and Sn on the Chemoselectivity and Activity of Hydrogenation Catalysts for the Activation of Carbonyl Groups. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Advertising and recruiting (2008)

Much is said these days regarding low enrollments in computer science, reports indicate significant difficulties in recruiting women and other underrepresented groups to the field, and many studies discuss difficulties with the public image of computing. Clearly many deep societal and cultural issues underlie much of the problem, and many organizations (including ACM, ACM-W, CSTA, and SIGCSE) are considering ways to address these systemic issues.