gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vivo and in vitro effects of lead on vascular reactivity in rats (1981)

The effects of lead on vascular responsiveness were examined in rats. Adult rats, which had received levels of lead acetate in their drinking water to produce blood levels similar to those seen in some urban human populations, consistently had higher systolic blood pressures compared to age-matched controls. Helical strips of tail arteries from the lead-treated rats displayed a greater force-generating ability in response to the cumulative addition of methoxamine to the muscle bath. There were no differences in ED50 between the two groups. Similar results were obtained when norepinephrine was used. The calcium-entry blocker, D 600, was less effective in reducing in reducing contractions induced by methoxamine in lead-treated rats than in controls. There were no differences between the two groups in responses to KCl or electrical stimulation of nerve endings. Contractile responses to norepinephrine, methoxamine, KCl, and nerve stimulation in arteries from untreated rats were unaltered by addition of lead acetate to the muscle bath. These results demonstrate that hypertension induced by moderate levels of lead intake is associated with an increased vascular responsiveness to alpha-adrenergic agonists.
Das Fette Oel der Samen von Canarium Commune L (1940)

Abstract Verschiedene Forscher berichten über die Eigenschaften und die Zusammensetzung des “Canari‐Öls”. Ihre Angaben stimmen aber nicht überein. Hier wird gezeigt, dass das Öl nur aus Glyceriden der Palmitin‐, der Stearin‐, der Öl‐, der Linol‐ und der Linolensäure zusammengesetzt ist.
Protein Kinase D Signaling: Multiple Biological Functions in Health and Disease (2011)

Protein kinase D (PKD) is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase family with structural, enzymological, and regulatory properties different from the PKC family members. Signaling through PKD is induced by a remarkable number of stimuli, including G-protein-coupled receptor agonists and polypeptide growth factors. PKD1, the most studied member of the family, is increasingly implicated in the regulation of a complex array of fundamental biological processes, including signal transduction, cell proliferation and differentiation, membrane trafficking, secretion, immune regulation, cardiac hypertrophy and contraction, angiogenesis, and cancer. PKD mediates such a diverse array of normal and abnormal biological functions via dynamic changes in its spatial and temporal localization, combined with its distinct substrate specificity. Studies on PKD thus far indicate a striking diversity of both its signal generation and distribution and its potential for complex regulatory interactions with multiple downstream pathways, often regulating the subcellular localization of its targets.
Eye-gaze interfaces using electro-oculography (EOG) (2010)

Using electro-oculography (EOG), two types of eye-gaze interfaces have been developed; "EOG Pointer" and "EOG Switch". The former enables a user to move a computer cursor or to control a machine using only eye-gaze, regardless of drifting signal and blinking artifacts. In contrast, the latter output an ON/OFF signal only. Although it has the least simple function, it enables every user easily to turn ON/OFF a nurse-call device or to send one bit signal to a personal computer with high stability and reliability. Since the EOG Switch was commercialized in 2003, it has been widely used among amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients in Japan.
Modelling and Smoothing Parameter Estimation With Multiple Quadratic Penalties (2000)

Summary Penalized likelihood methods provide a range of practical modelling tools, including spline smoothing, generalized additive models and variants of ridge regression. Selecting the correct weights for penalties is a critical part of using these methods and in the single-penalty case the analyst has several well-founded techniques to choose from. However, many modelling problems suggest a formulation employing multiple penalties, and here general methodology is lacking. A wide family of models with multiple penalties can be fitted to data by iterative solution of the generalized ridge regression problem minimize ||W 1/2 (Xp−y) ||2ρ+Σi=1 m θi p′S i p (p is a parameter vector, X a design matrix, S i a non-negative definite coefficient matrix defining the ith penalty with associated smoothing parameter θi, W a diagonal weight matrix, y a vector of data or pseudodata and ρ an ‘overall’ smoothing parameter included for computational efficiency). This paper shows how smoothing parameter selection can be performed efficiently by applying generalized cross-validation to this problem and how this allows non-linear, generalized linear and linear models to be fitted using multiple penalties, substantially increasing the scope of penalized modelling methods. Examples of non-linear modelling, generalized additive modelling and anisotropic smoothing are given.
An overview of the engineered graphene nanostructures and nanocomposites (2013)

This critical review focuses on the property analysis of graphene and graphene nanocomposites (GNCs) and their demonstrated superior performances in energy storage and conversion, electrochemical- and bio-sensing, environmental remediation and flame retardant application and atomic thickness membrane separation. The performances of graphene and GNCs are strongly dependent on their chemical component, synthetic method, nanoscale morphology, and assembling structure of the hybrids. The current progress in supercapacitor energy storage density, solar cell power conversion efficiency, thermoelectric energy conversion efficiency, electrochemical sensing capability, biosensor sensitivity, heavy metal adsorption capacity and efficiency, photocatalytic degradation rate of organic dye, flame retardant polymer nanocomposites, graphene and porous graphene membranes is discussed with detailed examples through extensive analysis of the literature.
Role of liver ICAM-1 in metastasis (2017)

Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, is a transmembrane glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin (Ig)-like superfamily, consisting of five extracellular Ig-like domains, a transmembrane domain and a short cytoplasmic tail. ICAM-1 is expressed in various cell types, including endothelial cells and leukocytes, and is involved in several physiological processes. Furthermore, it has additionally been reported to be expressed in various cancer cells, including melanoma, colorectal cancer and lymphoma. The majority of studies to date have focused on the expression of the ICAM-1 on the surface of tumor cells, without research into ICAM-1 expression at sites of metastasis. Cancer cells frequently metastasize to the liver, due to its unique physiology and specialized liver sinusoid capillary network. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells constitutively express ICAM-1, which is upregulated under inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, liver ICAM-1 may be important during the development of liver metastasis. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the understanding of the mechanisms mediated by this adhesion molecule in order to develop host-directed anticancer therapies.
Sulfasalazine for ankylosing spondylitis (2005)

Across all AS patients, SSZ demonstrated some benefit in reducing ESR and easing morning stiffness, but no evidence of benefit in physical function, pain, spinal mobility, enthesitis, patient and physician global assessment. Patients at early disease stage, with higher level of ESR (or active disease) and peripheral arthritis might benefit from SSZ.
VOFTools <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="mml27" display="inline" overflow="scroll" altimg="si27.gif"><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:math> A software package of calculation tools for volume of fluid methods using general convex grids (2017)

The VOFTools library includes efficient analytical and geometrical routines for (1) area/volume computation, (2) truncation operations that typically arise in VOF (volume of fluid) methods, (3) area/volume conservation enforcement (VCE) in PLIC (piecewise linear interface calculation) reconstruction and(4) computation of the distance from a given point to the reconstructed interface. The computation of a polyhedron volume uses an efficient formula based on a quadrilateral decomposition and a 2D projection of each polyhedron face. The analytical VCE method is based on coupling an interpolation procedure to bracket the solution with an improved final calculation step based on the above volume computation formula. Although the library was originally created to help develop highly accurate advection and reconstruction schemes in the context of VOF methods, it may have more general applications. To assess the performance of the supplied routines, different tests, which are provided in FORTRAN and C, were implemented for several 2D and 3D geometries. Program Title: VOFTools Program Files doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/brrgt645bh.1 Licensing provisions: GNU General Public License, version 3 Programming language: FORTRAN and C, with C interfaces Nature of problem: The package of routines includes simple and efficient analytical and geometrical tools for area/volume computation, truncation operations that typically arise in VOF (volume of fluid) methods, area/volume conservation enforcement (VCE) in PLIC (piecewise linear interface calculation) reconstruction and computation of the distance from a given point to the reconstructed interface. Solution method: The volume (area in 2D) computation of a polyhedron (polygon in 2D) uses an efficient formula based on a quadrilateral decomposition and a 2D projection of each polyhedron face. The analytical VCE method is based on coupling an interpolation bracketing procedure with an improved final calculation step based on the above volume computation formula. Also, the exact distance from a given point to a reconstructed polygonal interface is calculated. Restrictions: Convex 2D and 3D polytopes.
Soft-decisions in multistage RAKE receiver in 3GPP implementation (2003)

This paper proposes a new two-stage reconstructive RAKE receiver for the mobile station with the objective to improve the BER performance. The proposed receiver will be compliant with the specifications issued by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). Using channel estimates derived from a least-squares algorithm based on the prior knowledge of the pilot bits, soft-decisions are made on the received signal. These soft-decisions are used to identify the weaker bits from the stronger ones, so that we may subsequently reconstruct a signal based on these stronger bits and remove this reconstructed signal from the original received signal. This effectively removes self-interference (as a result of the multipaths) in the second stage of RAKE processing. Simulations are carried out over a fast-fading mobile channel model, and results are indicative of an improved performance. Specifically, the receiver is able to achieve a performance as if there is one less interfering user as compared to the conventional receiver.
The thermostability of the Fe<sub>16</sub>N<sub>2</sub>phase deposited on a GaAs substrate by ion-beam-assisted deposition (1994)

An Fe-N film was deposited on a GaAs(100) substrate by ion-beam-assisted deposition at an N/Fe atomic arrival ratio of 0.12. The results from X-ray diffraction showed that the film consisted of the Fe16N2 phase. The results of an annealing experiment indicated that the Fe16N2 phase formed is stable after annealing at 150 degrees C. At 200 degrees C, the Fe16N2 started to decompose to alpha -Fe and gamma '-Fe4N. And it converted to alpha -Fe and gamma '-Fe4N completely at 300 degrees C. The magnetic properties of films annealed at different temperatures were also measured and the results are discussed.
The Uncertain Kingdom of Jordan (1974)

Essay| February 01 1974 The Uncertain Kingdom of Jordan Norman F. Howard Norman F. Howard United States Department of Commerce* Norman F. Howard lived in the Middle East from 1956 to 1960 and visited Jordan on several occasions. He has engaged in research on United States security interests and policies in the Middle East for many years. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Current History (1974) 66 (390): 62–65. https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1974.66.390.62 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Norman F. Howard; The Uncertain Kingdom of Jordan. Current History 1 February 1974; 66 (390): 62–65. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1974.66.390.62 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentCurrent History Search This content is only available via PDF. © 1974 by The Regents of the University of California1974 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated ester dienophiles with cyclopentadiene and the dependence on tether length (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated ester dienophiles with cyclopentadiene and the dependence on tether lengthJohn R. Stille and Robert H. GrubbsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 2, 434–444Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00263a034https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00263a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1376Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of Side Chain Alkyl Length on the Electroluminescence Characteristics of Carbazole-Based Light Emitting Polymers (2001)

Three carbazole-based copolymers with different long side chains were synthesized using the Wittig reaction. These three copolymers and model compound were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to determine the cis/trans ratio. The cis/trans ratios decrease with the side chain length due to the variation in the degree of steric hindrance in the Wittig reaction. They affect the electroluminescence (EL) characteristics of the carbazole-based light emitting polymers. As the length of the side chain increases the wavelength of the emitted light increases proportionally whereas a decrease in the threshold voltages, 5.2, 4.8, 2.5 V was observed. However, EL intensity at same applied voltage increases with the length of the side chain. The energy levels of these three copolymers were also investigated to account for the phenomenon. Key words: carbazole, cis-trans ratio and electroluminescence.
Genome-Wide Transcriptional Analysis of Aerobic and Anaerobic Chemostat Cultures of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1999)

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is unique among eukaryotes in exhibiting fast growth in both the presence and the complete absence of oxygen. Genome-wide transcriptional adaptation to aerobiosis and anaerobiosis was studied in assays using DNA microarrays. This technique was combined with chemostat cultivation, which allows controlled variation of a single growth parameter under defined conditions and at a fixed specific growth rate. Of the 6,171 open reading frames investigated, 5,738 (93%) yielded detectable transcript levels under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions; 140 genes showed a >3-fold-higher transcription level under anaerobic conditions. Under aerobic conditions, transcript levels of 219 genes were >3-fold higher than under anaerobic conditions.
P3‐166: Semi‐automatic analysis of spontaneous verbal descriptions given by adults with frontotemporal dementia (2008)

Neuropsychological assessment of spontaneous verbal descriptions by adults with frontotemporal degeneration is currently performed manually along several dimensions of aphasia including prosody, fluency, grammar and articulation. Manual assessments are limited due to their subjectivity and the difficulty of capturing prosodic and temporal characteristics of human speech. We developed a semi-automated mechanism for objective measurement of prosodic and grammatical characteristics of the patients' speech. Spontaneous verbal descriptions from 13 patients with frontotemporal dementia were elicited using the Cookie Theft Story stimulus. The audio recordings were manually transcribed verbatim and time-aligned using automatic speech recognition. The audio and the transcripts were automatically analyzed to count filled and silent pauses, false starts, repetitions; to compare word and part-of-speech sequences to general English patterns; and to determine speech spectral characteristics such as the variance in the fundamental frequency possibly indicative of intonation. Standardized manual assessments along a 5 point Likert scale of 4 expert reviewers were merged into a single reference standard by using the majority vote. The measurements obtained with the automatic analysis were correlated with manual assessments using Spearman rank correlation (SPSS 13.0). The overall manual rating of non-fluent aphasia correlated with the number of disfluencies (false starts, repetitions, filled pauses) (r=0.57, p=0.04), pause count (r=0.57, p=0.04), number of verbs (r=-0.57, p=0.04) and part-of-speech perplexity (r=0.63, p=0.02). Significant correlations were observed among the following pairs of items (automatic vs. manual): pause duration immediately prior to the first utterance and the rating of aphasia (r=-0.76, p=0.003); pause-to-word count ratio and the rating of hesitancy (r=0.76, p=0.003); the variance in the fundamental frequency and the rating of perseveration (r=-0.74, p=0.004); number of disfluencies and manual rating of telegraphic speech (r=0.76, p=0.003); part-of-speech perplexity (a measure of discordance between the sequences of parts-of-speech in the patient's speech and those in general English) and the rating of phonemic paraphasia (r=0.78, p=0.002). We identified several quantitative features that were abnormal in patients with progressive aphasia. The semi-automated techniques were correlated with manual assessments. The standardized approach offered by the semi-automated technique might be useful for clinical trials and longitudinal studies.
Relative motion parallax and the perception of structure from motion (2003)

Empirical findings are reported that delineate properties of the process underlying the perception of structure from motion (SfM). First, it is shown that the usual rotating kinetic depth displays generally involve at least two sources of information: relative motion parallax and changes in the projected envelope of the rotating object. Then, evidence is presented that even when variations in projected envelope are minimized, altering the 3-D motion of an object can greatly affect its perceived shape in ways that hint at properties of the underlying process. It is also shown that circular patterns of relative motion parallax not associated with a rigidly moving object can elicit the perception of depth variation, and that added image rotations which by themselves do not elicit apparent depth variation can nevertheless influence the apparent shape of such circular patterns.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Combating Fusarium Infection Using Bacillus-Based Antimicrobials (2017)

Despite efforts to control toxigenic <i>Fusarium</i> species, wilt and head-blight infections are destructive and economically damaging diseases that have global effects. The utilization of biological control agents in disease management programs has provided an effective, safe, and sustainable means to control <i>Fusarium</i>-induced plant diseases. Among the most widely used microbes for biocontrol agents are members of the genus <i>Bacillus</i>. These species influence plant and fungal pathogen interactions by a number of mechanisms such as competing for essential nutrients, antagonizing pathogens by producing fungitoxic metabolites, or inducing systemic resistance in plants. The multivariate interactions among plant-biocontrol agent-pathogen are the subject of this study, in which we survey the advances made regarding the research on the <i>Bacillus-Fusarium</i> interaction and focus on the principles and mechanisms of action among plant-growth promoting <i>Bacillus</i> species. In particular, we highlight their use in limiting and controlling <i>Fusarium</i> spread and infestations of economically important crops. This knowledge will be useful to define strategies for exploiting this group of beneficial bacteria for use as inoculants by themselves or in combination with other microbes for enhanced crop protection.
GaAs Radical Etching with a Cl<sub>2</sub> Plasma in a Reactive Ion Beam Etching System (1984)

GaAs radical etching, similar to that reported with a Br 2 plasma in a reactive ion etching system, has been confirmed in a Cl 2 gas reactive ion beam etching system for the first time. Ion bombardment was completely suppressed with a sample faced opposite to the ion source. Etching rates at substrate temperatures of 300 to 400°C were 30 Å/min to 10µm/min. The etched surface was very smooth and showed crystallographic orientation to expose the {111} A facet. Apparent activation energy was about 500 kcal/mol. It is expected that a damage- and contamination-free surface can be obtained by this radical etching technique.
STANDARDIZATION IN DOCUMENTATION (1950)

The first meeting of the 1948/49 session of Aslib winter meetings was devoted to a discussion of various aspects of standardization in documentation. Mr. F. C. Francis, of the British Museum, took the chair, and in his opening speech referred to the growing importance of the subjects covered by the term ‘documentation’ as shown by the many references made to them during the Scientific Information Conference held by the Royal Society in June and July, 1948.