gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discovery of 5‐(2‐(Phenylamino)pyrimidin‐4‐yl)thiazol‐2(3<i>H</i>)‐one Derivatives as Potent Mnk2 Inhibitors: Synthesis, SAR Analysis and Biological Evaluation (2014)

Phosphorylation of eIF4E by human mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-interacting kinases (Mnks) is crucial for human tumourigenesis and development. Targeting Mnks may provide a novel anticancer therapeutic strategy. However, the lack of selective Mnk inhibitors has so far hampered pharmacological target validation and clinical drug development. Herein, we report, for the first time, the discovery of a series of 5-(2-(phenylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl)thiazole-2(3H)-one derivatives as Mnk inhibitors. Several derivatives demonstrate very potent Mnk2 inhibitory activity. The most active and selective compounds were tested against a panel of cancer cell lines, and the results confirm the cell-type-specific effect of these Mnk inhibitors. Detailed cellular mechanistic studies reveal that Mnk inhibitors are capable of reducing the expression level of anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1, and of promoting apoptosis in MV4-11 acute myeloid leukaemia cells.
Localization using Cooperative AOA Approach (2007)

In this paper, A Cooperative AOA (Co-AOA) approach associated with either TDoA or the signal propagation model of RSSI is proposed. In the approach, sensor nodes within certain range are made into a group (Super-Node), cooperating to estimate the AOA with respect to the Super-Node. Theoretically deduction has been done to prove that the Super-Node is a virtual AOA capable node, while simulation done to show that the AOA estimation error of the RSSI case is acceptable. Therefore, the Co-AOA approach is feasible, since the RSSI case is proved feasible and the feasibility of TDoA case is self-evident. Then, two kinds of localization schemes using Co-AOA are proposed. Of which, The Co-AOA localization scheme (CALS) is a direct extension from the AOA scheme, and is as precise as the AOA scheme, while the m-DV-Hop schemes is a modified version of the DV-Hop scheme, considering the details of the hop-by-hop path through estimating the AOA using Co-AOA approach.
A standard target decoder model for MPEG-4 FlexMux streams (2003)

MPEG-4, like other MPEG standards is generic and universal in the sense that it specifies compressed bitstream syntax. This, in effect, unambiguously defines the decompression process and the decoder architecture. Further, to ensure interoperability between encoders and decoders, it is essential that a standard target decoder model (STD) be well defined. Since STD is a hypothetical model in the encoder architecture, multiplexors can create compliant streams without having to base their design around any particular decoder. At the same time, compliant decoders should have the minimum buffers as mandated by the STD and hence should be able to decode compliant streams. This paper proposes an STD model for MPEG-4 FlexMux framework.
High-affinity myo-inositol transport in Candida albicans: substrate specificity and pharmacology (2003)

Inositol is considered a growth factor in yeast cells and it plays an important role in Candida as an essential precursor for phospholipomannan, a glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored glycolipid on the cell surface of Candida which is involved in the pathogenicity of this opportunistic fungus and which binds to and stimulates human macrophages. In addition, inositol plays an essential role in the phosphatidylinositol signal transduction pathway, which controls many cell cycle events. Here, high-affinity myo-inositol uptake in Candida albicans has been characterized, with an apparent K(m) value of 240 +/- 15 microM, which appears to be active and energy-dependent as revealed by inhibition with azide and protonophores (FCCP, dinitrophenol). Candida myo-inositol transport was sodium-independent but proton-coupled with an apparent K(m) value of 11.0 +/- 1.1 nM for H(+), equal pH 7.96 +/- 0.05, suggesting that the C. albicans myo-inositol-H(+) transporter is fully activated at physiological pH. C. albicans inositol transport was not affected by cytochalasin B, phloretin or phlorizin, an inhibitor of mammalian sodium-dependent inositol transport. Furthermore, myo-inositol transport showed high substrate specificity for inositol and was not significantly affected by hexose or pentose sugars as competitors, despite their structural similarity. Transport kinetics in the presence of eight different inositol isomers as competitors revealed that proton bonds between the C-2, C-3 and C-4 hydroxyl groups of myo-inositol and the transporter protein play a critical role for substrate recognition and binding. It is concluded that C. albicans myo-inositol-H(+) transport differs kinetically and pharmacologically from the human sodium-dependent myo-inositol transport system and constitutes an attractive target for delivery of cytotoxic inositol analogues in this pathogenic fungus.
A high-efficiency, miniaturized sensor node with machined-substrate antennas for embedded wireless monitoring (2013)

This paper presents a compact, energy efficient sensor node for narrow-band embedded wireless monitoring. The communication system is based on the RF interrogation approach that employs a passive frequency doubler to return the second harmonic of the interrogation signal. The compactness and high efficiency of the node were achieved by employing 3-D, machined-substrate small antennas on the transceiver design. The node operates by receiving a signal at 2.4 GHz and re-radiating an amplitude-modulated signal at 4.8 GHz, and is optimized for an RF input power level range between -30 and -20 dBm. The node fits within a 21 mm diameter sphere (λ/6 at 2.4 GHz) and its measured efficiency is 10% at -20 dBm input power. The voltage generated by a commercial piezoelectric vibration sensor is used to modulate the return signal.
Empirical cupping correction: A first‐order raw data precorrection for cone‐beam computed tomography (2006)

We propose an empirical cupping correction (ECC) algorithm to correct for CT cupping artifacts that are induced by nonlinearities in the projection data. The method is raw data based, empirical, and requires neither knowledge of the x-ray spectrum nor of the attenuation coefficients. It aims at linearizing the attenuation data using a precorrection function of polynomial form. The coefficients of the polynomial are determined once using a calibration scan of a homogeneous phantom. Computing the coefficients is done in image domain by fitting a series of basis images to a template image. The template image is obtained directly from the uncorrected phantom image and no assumptions on the phantom size or of its positioning are made. Raw data are precorrected by passing them through the once-determined polynomial. As an example we demonstrate how ECC can be used to perform water precorrection for an in vivo micro-CT scanner (TomoScope 30 s, VAMP GmbH, Erlangen, Germany). For this particular case, practical considerations regarding the definition of the template image are given. ECC strives to remove the cupping artifacts and to obtain well-calibrated CT values. Although ECC is a first-order correction and cannot compete with iterative higher-order beam hardening or scatter correction algorithms, our in vivo mouse images show a significant reduction of bone-induced artifacts as well. A combination of ECC with analytical techniques yielding a hybrid cupping correction method is possible and allows for channel-dependent correction functions.
Can eicosapentaenoic acid maintain the original ribavirin dose or affect the response during the treatment course of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients? (2015)

EPA can decrease the rate of RBV dose reduction and RBV-induced hemolysis during the course of combination treatment. Further trials are required to investigate the role of EPA in the current regimens of HCV treatment that include ribavirin.
<title>Visualization of high-frequency surface acoustic wave propagation using stroboscopic phase-shift interferometry</title> (1997)

A stroboscopic phase-shift interferometry is applied to visualize the high-frequency microvibration of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices quantitatively. The Fizeau-type interferometry is realized with a multi-mode semiconductor laser diode and an optical isolator. With the laser light illuminating stroboscopically, observed interference intensity gives information about average displacements of the vibrations. Distribution of the 50 MHz SAW propagation along the propagation path has been observed. The measured amplitude of the vibration is 3 nm. Repetition accuracy evaluated with the root mean square method is 1.2500 of the laser wavelength. This method is useful for estimating and improving performances of microdevices.
Automated method for fundus image registration and analysis (1988)

Automated detection of subtle changes in sequential images requires development of procedures that ensure true subtraction of two images by proper registration and normalization of illumination. The difference image can then be further processed to analyze the spectral components and the gray level variations. An innovative and generalized approach to accurate image subtraction incorporating illumination normalization and correction for translation, rotation, and scale difference in two sequential images is considered. The entire procedure yielding true image subtraction has been implemented in a PC-based image processing system and can be executed by menu-driven operations. The effectiveness of this approach is illustrated through subtraction of registered sequential fundus images and analysis of the spectral and gray-level variations of the difference images.
Information fusion for spoken document retrieval (2002)

Investigates the fusion of different information sources, with the goal of improving performance on spoken document retrieval (SDR) tasks. In particular, we explore the use of multiple transcriptions from different automatic speech recognizers, the combination of different types of subword unit indexing terms, and the combination of word- and subword-based units. To perform the retrieval, we use a novel probabilistic information retrieval model which retrieves documents based on maximum likelihood ratio scores. Experiments on the 1998 TREC-7 SDR task show that the use of these different information fusion approaches can result in significantly improved retrieval performance.
A New Joint Fingerprinting and Decryption Scheme based on a Lattice Problem. (2010)

Abstract. We propose a new encryption scheme that supports joint fingerprinting and decryption. The scheme is remarkably resistant to known-plaintext attack and collusion attack (e.g. average attack or other linear combination attack) on keys. Interestingly, the security of our scheme is relied on a lattice problem: Given a collection of random lattice points generated from a short basis of a lattice, find the short basis. The scheme can be used as a traitor-tracing scheme or a buyer-seller watermarking scheme. 1
Semi-Lagrangian Integration Schemes for Atmospheric Models—A Review (1991)

Abstract The semi-Lagrangian methodology is described for a hierarchy of applications (passive advection, forced advection, and coupled sets of equations) of increasing complexity, in one, two, and three dimensions. Attention is focused on its accuracy, stability, and efficiency properties. Recent developments in applying semi-Lagrangian methods to 2D and 3D atmospheric flows in both Cartesian and spherical geometries are then reviewed. Finally, the current status of development is summarized, followed by a short discussion of future perspectives.
Hybridization of diploid and tetraploid cottons through in-ovulo embryo culture (1978)

The Old World diploid cottons are incompatible with the New World tetraploid cottons. This incompatibility was circumvented when cross-fertilized ovules were cul tured in an in vitro system. Cultured Gossypium hirsutum ovules gave a high yield of hybrid embryos without phytohormones but G. barbadense, G. arboreum, and G. herbaceum required auxin in the culture medium to obtain adequate embryo yields. The in ovulo embryo culture technique provides a means to obtain interspecific cotton hybrids in quantity, thereby making the Asiatic cotton germplasm readily accessible to breeders of tetraploid cotton. The technique can be used also to hybridize cultivated cotton with wild Gossypium species.
[Lys40(Ahx-DTPA-111In)NH2]exendin-4, a very promising ligand for glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor targeting. (2006)

The high density of GLP-1 receptors in insulinomas as well as the high specific uptake of [Lys(40)(Ahx-DTPA-(111)In)NH(2)]exendin-4 in the tumor of Rip1Tag2 mice indicate that targeting of GLP-1 receptors in insulinomas may become a useful imaging method to localize insulinomas in patients, either preoperatively or intraoperatively. In addition, Rip1Tag2 transgenic mice represent a suitable animal tumor model for GLP-1 receptor targeting.
Structure and electrical properties of CdS and CdTe thick films for solar cell applications (1975)

CdTe/CdS heterojunction solar cells show particular promise for large-scale terrestrial use. To evaluate these cells, thick films of CdTe and CdS have been grown and their structure and electrical properties determined. These films have been deposited on both single-crystal and fused-quartz substrates and on each other by close-spaced vapor deposition in H2 and by two-source vacuum evaporation. The influence of growth parameters on epitaxy and crystallite size was determined by scanning electron microscopy, and the electrical transport properties were investigated by conductivity and thermoelectric power measurements. The electrical mobility of the CdTe films on fused quartz shows an exponential dependence on E/kT, indicating that grain boundaries dominate the bulk mobility in the film. To achieve large crystallite sizes and high conductivity in reasonable deposition times, temperature/time profiles have been used to control nucleation and growth of the CdTe films. Post-deposition heat treatments in H2 have been used to increase the conductivity of the CdS films.
Electronic structure of super-honeycomb systems: A peculiar realization of semimetal/semiconductor classes and ferromagnetism (1993)

Lateral superstructures with honeycomb symmetry are shown to be classified, with a simple criterion, into semimetals with gapless k-linear dispersions, semiconductors, and metals. In some of the classes, the symmetry enforces flat bands to exist, which implies the occurrence of ferromagnetism when the electron correlation is turned on. These provide a unique opportunity for band structure engineering.
A comparison between the gastric and salivary concentration of iodide, pertechnetate, and bromide in man (1969)

The concentration of iodide (I(-)) and pertechnetate (TcO(4) (-)) and bromide (Br(-)) has been measured simultaneously in gastric juice and parotid saliva. The combined gastric and salivary clearance for iodide and pertechnetate is more than twice the clearance of these ions by the thyroid gland. The concentration of the ions was in the order I(-)>TcO(4) (-)>Br(-) in both gastric juice and saliva. Differences exist between the secretion of iodide, pertechnetate, and bromide. Bromide, in contrast to iodide and pertechnetate, was found to be more concentrated in gastric juice than in saliva. The ratio of the iodide to pertechnetate clearance was greater in gastric juice than in saliva.
Evaluation of the Strength and Creep–Fatigue Behavior of Hot Isostatically Pressed Silicon Nitride (1992)

The strength of a commericially available hot isostatically pressed silicon nitride was measured as a function of temperature. To evaluate long‐term mechanical reliability of this material, the tensile creep and fatigue behavior was measured at 1150°, 1260°, and 1370°C. The stress and temperature sensitivities of the secondary (or minimum) creep strain rate were used to estimate the stress exponent and activation energy associated with the dominant creep mechanism. The fatigue characteristics were evaluated by allowing individual creep tests to continue until specimen failure. The applicability of the four‐point load geometry to the study of strength and creep behavior was also determined by conducting a limited number of flexural creep tests. The tensile fatigue data revealed two distinct failure mechanisms. At 1150°C, failure was controlled by a slow crack growth mechanism. At 1260° and 1370°C, the accumulation of creep damage in the form of grain boundary cavities and cracks dominated the fatigue behavior. In this temperature regime, the fatigue life was controlled by the secondary (or minimum) creep strain rate in accordance with the Monkman–Grant relation.
CRIMINAL SANCTIONS FOR DRUG ABUSE DURING PREGNANCY: THE ANTITHESIS OF FETAL HEALTH (1991)

Two recent cases have brought to the public's attention a growing trend in criminal lawthe imposition of criminal sanctions against pregnant women whose drug abuse during pregnancy has resulted in the injury or death of their fetuses or newborns.'In 1988, Brenda Vaughn pleaded guilty in Washington D.C. to forgery charges.As a first offender she could have received probation, but because she was pregnant and drug tests showed evidence of cocaine use, the judge sent her to jail until her due date, saying he wanted to protect the fetus. 2 And on August 25, 1989, Jennifer Johnson was sentenced to one year in a rehabilitation program and fourteen years probation following her conviction in Florida stemming from her drug abuse during pregnancy.'Increasing public awareness of the proliferation of drug abuse and its resultant problems has drawn a wide base of support for public action on drug abuse.'Coupled with the fact that the most innocent and vulnerable victims, the developing fetuses, are at considerable risk as a result of their mothers' addictions, many jurisdictions are addressing the problem of drug abuse during pregnancy with criminal sanctions. 5While this evidences an awareness 1991
Object capabilities for security (2006)

Existing systems often do a poor job of meeting the principle of least privilege. I will discuss how object capability systems and language-based methods can help address this shortcoming. In language-based object capability systems, an object reference is treated as a capability; unforgeability of references ensures unforgeability of capabilities; and all privileges are expressed as capabilities in this way. This makes it possible to decompose the system into distrusting "privilege-separated" components, providing each component with the least privilege it needs to do its job; to reason about the privileges and powers available to various program elements, often in a local (modular) way; and to avoid common pitfalls, such as confused deputy and TOCTTOU vulnerabilities. I will attempt to introduce the audience to some work in this area that is perhaps not so widely known, and I will describe some work in progress to construct a subset of Java, called Joe-E, that is intended to enable capability-style programming using a programming syntax that is familiar to Java programmers.
Temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectra and decay dynamics of MAPbBr3 and MAPbI3 thin films (2018)

The steady-state spectra and fluorescence lifetimes are investigated under vacuum for methylammonium lead bromide and iodide (CH3NH3PbBr3 or MAPbBr3, and CH3NH3PbI3 or MAPbI3) thin films by stably controlling the sample temperature in the range of 78 K to 320 K. The transformation of spectrum features and lifetime components are proved to be quite sensitive to the temperatures in accordance with the phase transition of structures. Our work demonstrates that the halide anions I- and Br- lead to remarkable differences on optical characteristics. Due to the distinct behaviors of excitons, electron-hole pairs and free carriers in decay channels, MAPbI3 has much longer lifetime and higher low-temperature fluorescence efficiency than those of MAPbBr3. The findings provide possible choices for certain perovskites under various ambient temperature conditions to display photovoltaic or luminescent advantage.
Contribution of adipose tissue and de novo lipogenesis to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (2005)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a component of the metabolic syndrome, with a clinical spectrum ranging from simple fatty liver to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The primary event of NAFLD is the accumulation of triacylglycerols (TAGs) in hepatocytes. In this issue of the JCI, Donnelly et al. report on their use of stable isotope methodology to show that fatty acids stored in adipose tissue and fatty acids newly made within the liver through de novo lipogenesis are the major sources of TAGs in the liver and are secreted as lipoproteins in NAFLD.
Intelligent information fusion approach in cooperative multiagent systems (2003)

Benefits of, and needs for, developing multiagent systems could be easily noticed in solving problems that are unfeasibly solved by any individual agent. Such systems are expected to exempt intelligent collaboration and coordination behaviour. The challenge of having a fully cooperative agent society relies mainly on deriving a consensus decisions made by these autonomous, and goal directed entities. In many cases, these decisions encompass uncertainties caused by different design and environment factors. Thus, aggregating agents' decisions with respect to their uncertainty factors is deemed to be the key to attain reliable delivery performance. In this article we present the use of an intelligent approach, the team consensus approach, to model the interaction and to bring team into a consensus. Agents engage in an uncertainty estimation stage whenever a group decision is required. This process allows each agent to assess its self-uncertainty and the conditional uncertainties of other agents. The process facilitates the computation of a weighting scheme that operates recursively on information collected by these agents until the group reaches a consensus. Whenever a new task is received, the uncertainty estimates of agents are updated and used to compute a new weighting scheme.
Biodegradation of Nonionic Surfactants and Effects of Oxidative Pretreatment (1996)

The aerobic biodegradability of nonionic, ethoxylated surfactants and model compounds, and the effect of advanced oxidation pretreatment on the biodegradability of the biorefractory surfactants were examined. Bioassays conducted using a mixed microbial seed showed that the linear primary alcohol ethoxylates, the fatty acid ethoxylates, and also polyethylene glycol were all degradable. The biomineralization of the linear secondary alcohol ethoxylate, ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer, and alkylphenol ethoxylate was observed to be inhibited to varying degrees. Additional bioassays were conducted on model compounds to examine the effect of specific structural components on biodegradability. Advanced oxidation pretreatment using hydrogen peroxide in combination with ozone was highly effective at enhancing the biodegradability of both the linear secondary alcohol ethoxylate and the ethylene oxide/propylene oxide surfactants. Advanced oxidation was not effective, however, at enhancing the biodegradability of alkylphenol ethoxylate with the oxidant dosages used.