gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A SON-Based Algorithm for the Optimization of Inter-RAT Handover Parameters (2013)

First, the deployment of the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) system will be concentrated on areas with high user traffic overlaying with the legacy second-generation (2G) or third-generation (3G) mobile system. Consequently, the limited LTE coverage will result in many inter-radio access technology (RAT) handovers from LTE to 3G systems and vice versa. Trouble-free operation of inter-RAT handovers requires the optimization of the handover parameters of each cell in both RATs. The current network planning and optimization methods provide a fixed network-wide setting for all the handover parameters of the cells. Cells that later show considerable mobility problems in operation mode are manually optimized with the aid of drive tests and expert knowledge. This manual optimization of the handover parameters requires permanent human intervention and increases the operational expenditure (OPEX) of the mobile operators. Moreover, the interoperability of several RATs increases further the parameter space of the handover parameters, which makes the manual optimization difficult and almost impracticable. To reduce OPEX and to achieve a better network performance, we propose in this paper a self-optimizing algorithm where each cell in a RAT updates its handover parameters in an autonomous and automated manner depending on its traffic and mobility conditions. The proposed algorithm uses a feedback controller to update the handover parameters as a means to providing a steady improvement in the network performance. In the context of control theory, the feedback controller consists of a proportional control block, which regulates the change in the magnitude of each handover parameter, and a gain scheduler, which modifies the parameters of the proportional control block depending on the mobility conditions in each cell. To benchmark the design of the proposed algorithm, we apply two general and nonself-optimization algorithms: Taguchi's method and simulated annealing to optimize the handover parameters. Simulation results show that the proposed self-optimizing algorithm reaches a stable optimized operation point with cell-specific handover parameter settings, which considerably reduce the number of mobility failure events in the network, compared with three fixed settings for the handover parameters. Moreover, it is presented that the proposed self-optimizing algorithm outperforms Taguchi's method and simulated annealing when applied to a mobility robustness optimization (MRO) problem.
Logic Synthesis of Ternary Quantum Circuits with Minimal Qutrits (2013)

This paper investigates a universal approach of synthesizing arbitrary ternary logic circuits in quantum computation based on the truth table technology. It takes into account of the relationship of classical logic and quan-tum logic circuits. By adding inputs with constant value and garbage outputs, the classical non-reversible logic can be transformed into reversible logic. Combined with group theory, it provides an algorithm using the ternary Swap gate, ternary NOT gate and ternary Toffoli gate library. Simultaneously, the main result shows that the numbers of qutrits we use are minimal compared to other methods. We also illustrate with two examples to test our approach.
The Mt Kembla Mining Disaster (song) (2003)

A winter sun bathed old Mt. Kembla And miner’s clothes hang on the line And bush sounds made a gentle background To grinding winches at the mime...
Measurement of fat/water ratios in rat liver using 3D three‐point dixon MRI (2004)

Hepatic steatosis, or fatty liver, is commonly observed during the animal phase of drug safety studies. A noninvasive three-dimensional (3D) three-point Dixon method was used to quantitatively evaluate the fatty livers of rats induced by an experimental microsomal transfer protein (MTP) inhibitor, in an effort to develop a safety biomarker that could be translated to human studies. The method was implemented at 2.0 T for in vivo studies, and at 7.1 T for higher-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) histologic studies. In three separate protocols to study dose response and longitudinal evolution, intrahepatic fatty accumulation was detected by this method and confirmed by chemical and histologic assessments. Consistent with the pathologic changes, the fat/water ratios estimated by the MR technique increased significantly at doses of 1 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg of MTP inhibitor after 14 days of continuous administration. Among the more important findings were: 1). with the 3D three-point Dixon method, in vivo longitudinal studies of liver fat distribution can be conducted at significantly higher resolution than has previously been reported; 2). MR histology allows delineation of distribution at the microscopic scale of 0.0024 mm(3) resolution; and 3). the 3D three-point Dixon technique provides relative estimates of liver fat content and distribution at a high confidence level. This technique will be applicable in future studies in which fatty liver is a potential safety issue.
Reducing the effects of infeasible paths in branch testing (1989)

Branch testing, which is one of the most widely used methods for program testing, see White [1] for example, involves executing a selected set of program paths in an attempt to exercise all program branches. Criteria for selecting such paths have, to date, received scant attention in the literature and it is the issue of developing a suitable path selection strategy to which this paper is addressed. Specifically, a selection strategy, which aims at reducing the number of infeasible paths generated during the branch testing exercise is proposed. The strategy is founded on an assertion concerning the likely feasibility of program paths. Statistical evidence in support of the assertion is provided, a method implementing the strategy is described, and the results obtained from applying the method to a set of program units are reported and analysed.
Urban legends: pemphigus vulgaris (2011)

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is the most common type of pemphigus. PV pathogenesis is still debated, and treatment remains challenging. We investigated five controversial topics: (1) What are the target antigens in PV? (2) Do desmogleins adequately address PV pathophysiology? (3) How does acantholysis occur in PV? (4) Is PV still a lethal disease? (5) What is the role of rituximab (RTX) in PV treatment? Results from extensive literature searches suggested the following: (1) Target antigens of PV include a variety of molecules and receptors that are not physically compartmentalized within the epidermis. (2) PV is caused by a variety of autoantibodies to keratinocyte self-antigens, which concur to cause blistering by acting synergistically. (3) The concept of apoptolysis distinguishes the unique mechanism of autoantibody-induced keratinocyte damage in PV from other known forms of cell death. (4) PV remains potentially life-threatening largely because of treatment side effects, but it is uncertain which therapies carry the highest likelihood of lethal risk. (5) RTX is a very promising treatment option in patients with widespread recalcitrant or life-threatening PV. RTX's cost is an issue, its long-term side effects are still unknown, and randomized controlled trials are needed to establish the optimal dosing regimen.
[Differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid gland in an area of endemic goiter. Clinical study and prognostic correlation]. (1996)

In our area, papillary is the most common type, but follicular proportion is higher than reported from non endemic goitre areas. PC is a small tumor detected in stage I, whereas FC is large and detected in stage IV. Tumor stage is an independent prognostic factor. Frequent presence of multinodular goitre in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma suggests that in zones of endemic goitre, clinical attitude in multinodular goitre and solitary nodule must be similar.
Modeling of a Deepwater Turbidite Reservoir Conditional to Seismic Data Using Multiple-Point Geostatistics (2002)

Abstract Geological interpretation and seismic data analysis provide two complementary sources of information to model reservoir architecture. Seismic data affords the opportunity to identify geologic patterns and features at a resolution on the order of 10's of feet, while well logs and conceptual geologic models provide information at a resolution on the order of one foot. Both the large-scale distribution of geologic features and their internal fine-scale architecture influence reservoir performance. Development and application of modeling techniques that incorporate both large-scale information derived from seismic and fine-scale information derived from well logs, cores, and analog studies represents a significant opportunity to improve reservoir performance predictions. In this paper we present a practical new geostatistical approach for solving this difficult data integration problem and apply it to an actual, prominent reservoir. Traditional geostatistics relies upon a variogram to describe geologic continuity. However, a variogram, which is a two-point measure of spatial variability, cannot describe realistic, curvilinear or geometrically complex patterns. Multiple-point geostatistics uses a training image instead of a variogram to account for geological information. The training image provides a conceptual description of the subsurface geological heterogeneity, containing possibly complex multiple-point patterns of geological heterogeneity. Multiple-point statistics simulation then consists of anchoring these patterns to well data and seismic-derived information. This work introduces a novel alternative approach to traditional Bayesian modeling to incorporate seismic. The focus in this paper lies in demonstrating the practicality, flexibility and CPU-advantage of this new approach by applying it to an actual deep-water turbidite reservoir. Based on well log interpretation and a global geological understanding of the reservoir architecture, a training image depicting sinuous sand bodies is generated using a non-conditional object-based simulation algorithm. Disconnected sand bodies are interpreted from seismic amplitude data using a principal component cluster analysis technique. In addition, a map of local sand probabilities obtained from a principal component proximity transform of the same seismic is generated. Multiple-point geostatistics then simulates multiple realizations of channel bodies constrained to the local sand probabilities, partially interpreted sand bodies and well-log data. The CPU-time is comparable to traditional geostatistical methods.
Automatic aortic vessel tree extraction and thrombus detection in multislice CT (2003)

The abdominal aorta is the most common site for an aneurysm, which may lead to hemorrhage and death, to develop. The aim of this study was to develop a semi-automated method to de-lineate the blood flow and thrombus region, subsequently detect the centerline of these vessels to make measurements necessary for stent design from computed tomograms. We developed a robust method of tracking the aortic vessel tree from a user selected seed point using series of image processing such as fast marching method to delineate the blood flow, morphological and distance transforms methods to extract centerlines, and finally by reinitializing the fast marching in a blood filled region subtracted CT volume to obtain the thrombus borders. Fifteen patients were scanned with contrast on Mx8000 CT scanner (Philips Medical Systems), with a 1.3 mm thickness, 1.0 mm slice spacing, and a stack of 512x512x380 volume data sets were reconstructed. The automated image processing took approximately 30 to 90 seconds to compute the centerline and borders of the aortic vessel tree. We compared our results with manual and 3D volume rendering methods and found automatic method is superior in accuracy of spatial localization (0.94-0.97 ANOVA K) and accuracy of diameter determination (0.88-0.98).
InP-to-Si wafer heterobonding for optical MEMs (2002)

Summary form only given. We evaluate hydrophilic and hydrophobic surface pre-treatments in InP-to-Si direct wafer bonding. Surface roughness and surface chemistry was examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). After bonding, the bonded interfaces were evaluated using infrared transmission imaging, bond-strength and current-voltage (I-V) measurements.
Initial experience with a microwave imaging system for monitoring temperature change in an animal model (2005)

We are developing a microwave system for non-invasively monitoring temperature distributions in human tissue during thermal therapy. Central to our approach is a microwave antenna array and switching matrix which allows tomographic data collection over a wide range of frequencies (300 MHz-1 GHz). The measured field values are processed by a reconstruction algorithm that creates electrical property maps which vary with temperature and show changes in temperature as a function of time through difference imaging. Initial phantom investigations suggested that our imaging device was sufficiently sensitive to thermally induced electrical property changes to expand the studies to animal models. The results presented here are from our initial experiments conducted with a saline-coupled microwave imaging system on a 5-day old live piglet. The heating was accomplished using a heated tube of water surgically implanted in the piglet's abdomen. Fiber optic temperature sensors were inserted at various positions for comparison with recovered conductivity values and the entire experiment was performed in a CT scanner to facilitate localization of the probes with respect to the heating tube, piglet geometry and microwave antenna array.
I ecnner/um-Iron uXlae neacr/ons Under Anaerobic Conditions: A Fourier Transform Infrared, FTIR Study (1987)

The behaviour of technetium in the geosphere is important in nuclear fuel waste management studies because this man­ made element has a long half-life and, under ambient conditions in the laboratory, is not readily sorbed on geological materials. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies have shown conclusively that the reaction between TeO; and Fe304 at roorn temperature occurs via u surface reduction of TcOi to TcOz, the latter being precipitated at the Fe304 surface. These results confirm that technetium can be contained effectively by magnetite in the geosphere, provid­ ed reducing conditions can be maintained. Resume Le comportement du technetium dans la geosphere est d'une importance particuliere dans les etudes de gestion des dechets de combustible nucleaire du fait que cet element artificiel a une longue periode radioactive et que, dans les conditions ambiantes du laboratoire, il ne sorbe pas facile­ ment sur les materiaux geologiques. Les etudes de spectro­ scopie de I'infra-rouge a transformation de Fourier ont montre n'unp manipre concluante que !a reaction entre TC04 et Fe304
Self-organized chain of crystalline-silicon nanospheres (1998)

We have fabricated a self-organized chain of crystalline-silicon nanospheres via an extension of the vapor-liquid-solid mechanism. Transmission electron microscopy, electron energy-loss spectroscopy, and electron-induced x-ray fluorescence analyses have proved that the crystalline silicon nanospheres, of about 10 nm in diameter and at a nearly equal spacing, are supported in amorphous silica and carbon. The novel self-organized phenomenon is attributed to the periodic instability of catalysts and spontaneous oxidization during the growth of nanowhiskers.
Spinal Muscular Atrophy Therapeutics: Where do we Stand? (2015)

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an inherited neuromuscular disorder pathologically characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord and muscle atrophy. Motor neuron loss often results in severe muscle weakness causing affected infants to die before reaching 2 years of age. Patients with milder forms of SMA exhibit slowly progressive muscle weakness over many years. SMA is caused by the loss of SMN1 and the retention of at least 1 copy of a highly homologous SMN2. An alternative splicing event in the pre-mRNA arising from SMN2 results in the production of low levels of functional SMN protein. To date, there are no effective treatments available to treat patients with SMA. However, over the last 2 decades, the development of SMA mouse models and the identification of therapeutic targets have resulted in a promising drug pipeline for SMA. Here, we highlight some of the therapeutic strategies that have been developed to activate SMN2 expression, modulate splicing of the SMN2 pre-mRNA, or replace SMN1 by gene therapy. After 2 decades of translational research, we now stand within reach of a treatment for SMA.
Origin of low dielectric constant of carbon-incorporated silicon oxide film deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (2001)

Dielectric properties of carbon-incorporated silicon oxide (SiOC) films deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), using a bis-trimethylsilylmethane precursor, were compared with the dielectric properties of silicon oxide thermally grown in a furnace (thermal oxide) and also with oxide deposited by PECVD using a tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) precursor (PE-TEOS oxide). The electronic contribution to the dielectric constant of the three oxide films was calculated from their refractive indices measured at 632.8 nm by ellipsometry. Ionic contributions were computed from their IR reflection spectra, measured at 650–4000 cm−1, by using the Kramers–Kronig relation. The dipolar contribution was qualitatively analyzed from temperature dependence of the polarizability, on a per unit volume basis. The dielectric constant of the SiOC films, which was measured at 1 MHz, decreased from 4.2 to 2.3 as the carbon content increased from 0 to 19.6 at. %. Although there was a significant reduction of the dielectric constant, the electronic contribution was only slightly changed from 2.10 to 1.90, whereas the ionic polarization noticeably changed from 1.86 to 0.25. SiOC films showed considerable dipolar contribution when compared to thermal oxide and PE-TEOS oxide films, but the dipolar contribution in the SiOC films became negligible as the carbon content was increased. The variation of each contribution with the carbon content shows that carbon incorporation leads to a decrease in the electronic and ionic contributions. The reduction of the ionic contribution was the predominant factor leading to a decrease in the overall dielectric constant.
Donor leukocyte transfusions for leukemic relapse (1995)

Treatment of recurrent leukemia after bone marrow transplantation with the transfusion of lymphocytes from the marrow donor has been successful in a majority of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia and a minority of patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. It has been disappointing in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and in advanced stages of chronic myelogenous leukemia. In chronic-phase chronic myelogenous leukemia remissions were of good quality and the actuarial relapse rate was less than 20% at 3 years. In acute leukemias remissions were less durable. Graft-versus-host disease and marrow aplasia were the major complications of this form of treatment. In patients with marrow aplasia hematopoiesis could be restored by infusion of donor marrow without further conditioning treatment. Preceding or concomitant treatment with interferon alpha is not essential for a response, but the exact role of interferon alpha remains to be determined in a randomized study. Similarly, the best time for treatment remains to be defined. Treatment of cytogenetic and molecular recurrence of chronic myelogenous leukemia is most effective in preventing marrow aplasia, but a few patients may be treated unnecessarily, for some cytogenetic recurrences may remit spontaneously. The mechanism of the graft-versus-leukemia reaction is still not clear. Effector cells and target antigens remain to be defined. Observations are compatible with a graft-versus-host reaction directed against minor histocompatibility antigens presented at the cell surface of hematopoietic cells, but reactions against leukemia-specific antigens are possible. Future studies will focus on differences of reactions against possible leukemia-specific antigens and histocompatibility antigens on hematopoietic cells and cells of other organs.
Output-based speech quality evaluation by measuring perceptual spectral density distribution (2004)

A novel output-based speech quality evaluation algorithm is proposed. It is based on simultaneously characterising the statistical properties of speech spectral density distribution in the temporal and perceptual domains. Results show that the correlations of the proposed algorithm with subjective quality scores attain 0.897 for the training data set and 0.824 for the testing data set, respectively.
Analysis of Possible Applications of Dual ESPs—A Reservoir Engineering Perspective (2006)

Abstract Field installation of a dual Electric Submersible Pump (dESP) completion has been reported. The purpose of the second pump was to increase the pumping capacity and to act as a back-up to improve the reliability of the pumping system. However, dESPs can potentially address a much wider range of reservoir management challenges. This paper will analyse the performance of a dESP in a range of reservoir scenarios. It will show how dESP performance can be modelled using commercially available, coupled, well performance and reservoir simulation tools. Four dESP applications were analysed. Where possible, the robustness of the numerical modelling results will be compared with analytical predictions. dESPs gave improved oil production and recovery in reservoirs with strong aquifer support and became progressively more attractive in a layered reservoir scenario as the pressure difference between the production zones increased. However, while dESPs had no significant advantages in a long, horizontal well placed in a homogenuous resevoir, they can increase recovery in a tilted, layered resevoir. Preliminary results on a deep-sea well example where the combination of deep-set single ESP (sESP) and a second pump placed at the seabed are discussed. This work provides a comparison of the drivers for the choice of a sESP and a dESP in the scenarios studied. It illustrates a modelling methodology and provides dESP selection guidelines, thus aiding the increased application of this technology.
Combination Therapy with Methotrexate and Chloroquine in Rheumatoid Arthritis:<i>A Multicenter Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial</i> (1994)

To compare the efficacy of the combination therapy Methotrexate (MTX) and Chloroquine (CHLO) with MTX and Placebo (PLA) in the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. A total of 82 patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), diagnosed according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria, received orally either MTX 7.5 mg/week and CHLO 250 mg/day or MTX 7.5 mg/week and PLA 1 tablet/day. Adverse effects (AE) were monitored monthly and disease activity was assessed at 0, 2, 4 and 6 months. Sixty-eight patients completed the study. All outcome measures improved significantly in both treatment groups. Patients receiving MTX/CHLO ended the study with a significantly lower joint count, greater grip strength and better functional ability the patients in the MTX/PLA group, respectively; 4.5 vs 7.5 (P < 0.05), 113.3 vs 89.1 (P < 0.05) and 0.636 vs 0.811 (P < 0.05). Mild AE were more frequently observed in the MTX/CHLO, 17 events in 15 patients, compared to 9 events in 8 patients in the MTX/PLA group (NS). These data indicate that MTX/CHLO is slightly more efficacious and toxic than is MTX/PLA in the treatment of RA.