gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Political Theory of Decentralization Dynamics. (2009)

Abstract The literature on decentralization has traditionally focused on the study of its origins and consequences, leaving the analysis of its dynamics much further behind. We aim to fill this gap by creating a new theoretical framework in which the evolution of decentralization is contingent upon national incumbent’s strategies of political survival. Our argument conceives decentralization as a national incumbent’s choice that results from the interaction between national and subnational politicians’ relative powers and goals. Two dimensions define it: the degree of vertical integration of statewide parties (intraparty competition) and the blackmail role played by regional parties (interparty competition). We claim that, apart from structural factors, decentralization happens when it helps the national politician to survive in office. In our framework, the decision to implement further decentralization depends on, first, the degree of vertical integration of statewide parties - defined by the level of electoral independence between national and subnational copartisans and the degree of autonomy of regional branches within the organization. This will determine subnational incentive s to push for a downward transfer of power and resources and national incumbent's capacity to oppose it. Secondly, the existence of regional parties with strong presence in national legislatures will determine the extent to which national incumbent is willing to surrender power in exchange for regional parties' parliamentary support. The national incumbent faces a “Faustian” dilemma when decentralizing serves to preserve his power today but ties his future reelection down to additional surrenders of power.
Quartz: a material for microdevices (1991)

One of the ways to reduce cost and dimensions of mechanical devices, while improving their reliability, is to manufacture them in the same way as integrated circuits. This gives rise to the concept of micromachining. As this technology has been developed by people from microelectronics fields, most of the reported devices are made of silicon. This article deals with another material suitable for micromachining: monocrystalline quartz. The crystal and its technologies are described and practical considerations and realizations are given.
Elevated KiSS‐1 Expression in the Arcuate Nucleus Prior to the Cyclic Preovulatory Gonadotrophin‐Releasing Hormone/Lutenising Hormone Surge in the Ewe Suggests a Stimulatory Role for Kisspeptin in Oestrogen‐Positive Feedback (2006)

Kisspeptins are encoded by the gene KiSS-1 and regulate gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophin secretion in various species, including humans. Here, we quantify gene expression of KiSS-1 in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) across the ovine oestrous cycle and demonstrate an increase in the caudal division of the ARC during the preovulatory period. These data strongly suggest that kisspeptins are involved in the generation of the preovulatory GnRH and luteinising hormone surge.
Introduction of amine groups on poly(ethylene) by plasma immobilization of a preadsorbed layer of decylamine hydrochloride (1993)

In order to introduce amine groups on poly(ethylene) (PE) surface, PE surfaces were preadsorbed with decylamine hydrochloride (DA.HCl) and subsequently treated with an argon plasma. It was shown by XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy), that approximately half of the preadsorbed (mono)layer was immobilized and that a substantial part (60-70%) of the incorporated nitrogen containing groups were amine groups. The availability of the surface amine groups for reactions was investigated by applying a gas phase reaction with 4-trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde and by a reductive methylation reaction in aqueous solution with 14C formaldehyde. A maximal number of reactive amine groups was found after a plasma treatment time of 2 s. The reductive methylation reaction was used to estimate the surface concentration of amine groups resulting in a typical surface concentration of 1 x 10(-6) mol/m2 after a plasma treatment time of 2 s.
A cDNA clone encoding a product of activated human T lymphocytes. (1984)

A cDNA cloning approach was used to study the regulation of gene expression in human T lymphocytes upon mitogen stimulation. Poly(A)+ mRNA was prepared from phytohemagglutinin A (PHA) and 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) activated human T cells and a cDNA clone library was constructed. After screening by colony hybridization with [32P]cDNA probes made from resting and activated T cell mRNA, several clones whose mRNA increased at least 10 to 20-fold upon stimulation were isolated. Northern blot analysis of the mRNA from various cell types using these cDNA clones as probes revealed that one of the cDNA clones, pNC5A, encoded a gene expressed only in PHA and TPA-stimulated human T lymphocytes and in a human neoplastic T cell line HUT102-SH9. Less than 20 copies of this mRNA species per cell was detected in resting human T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and monocytes and in two other T cell lymphoma lines (CEM and MOLT4), two B lymphoblastoid cell lines (WIL2-729-HF2 and HFB-1), a myeloid cell line (HL60) and a human embryonic lung fibroblast cell line (MRC-5). Hybrid selection translation and sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of the translated product indicated that a polypeptide of 30,000 to 32,000 Mr is encoded by this particular cDNA clone. Thus, this cDNA clone may define a novel gene that is expressed only in activated human T cells.
Performance Evaluation of New York Stock Exchange Specialists (1974)

This study's purpose was to construct a performance criterion for New York Stock Exchange specialists which relates to their ability to affect price variability. It was emphasized that the price-setting behavior of the specialists, at times when trading imbalances prevail in the market, is the most important aspect of their performance. Their performance in this dimension may or may not be associated with their willingness to supply immediacy services to small orders. While the bid-ask spread is the correct variable to measure when the latter is considered, price variability or, more precisely, the functional relationship between price changes and trading imbalances is the variable to be measured when the price-setting behavior is of interest. While the experiment to evaluate the price-setting behavior of NYSE specialists using publicly available data may be considered a pioneer study, other studies have estimated the determinants of the bid-ask spread. The contributions of this study to the analysis of the spread can be summarized as follows: (a) observing an independent “specialist effect” on the size of the spread, (b) estimating the spread-volume relationships using a simultaneous system, and (c) estimating the association between the specialists' performance on both spread and price dimensions of their activity. The finding of this study is that there is a positive correlation between the quality measure of performance on both dimensions.
Multilayer Systems: Antireflecting Systems, High-Reflecting Stacks and Interference Filters (1956)

AbstractThe properties of three multilayer systems which are of potential importance in scientific photography are examined. Antireflecting systems of one and two layers are considered and the conditions under which single layer blooming is likely to be inadequate are mentioned. The use of multilayer stacks of quarter-wave layers as an alternative to the semi-transparent metal filmis discussed. Finally the properties of interference filters are compared with those of dye filters. Both silver + dielectric and all-dielectric interference filters are considered.
Evidence for a dominant gene that suppresses hypercholesterolemia in a family with defective low density lipoprotein receptors. (1989)

This paper describes an unusual kindred with familial hypercholesterolemia in which one-third of the relatives with a mutant LDL receptor gene have normal plasma cholesterol concentrations. The proband, a 9-yr-old boy with a plasma cholesterol value greater than 500 mg/dl, is homozygous for a point mutation that changes Ser156 to Leu in the LDL receptor. This substitution in the fourth repeat of the ligand binding domain slows the transport of the protein to the cell surface. The defective receptor cannot bind LDL, which contains apo B-100, but it does bind beta-migrating VLDL, which contains apo E in addition to apo B-100. Although the mother is heterozygous for this mutation, her LDL-cholesterol concentration is consistently in the 28th percentile for the population. Through direct examination of genomic DNA, we identified the mutant gene in heterozygous form in 17 of the mother's relatives, five of whom had normal LDL-cholesterol values. The pedigree was consistent with dominant transmission of a single gene that ameliorates or suppresses the hypercholesterolemic effect of the LDL receptor mutation. Through linkage analysis, we excluded the possibility that this suppressor gene was an allele at the LDL receptor locus. We also excluded the genes for the two ligands for the LDL receptor, apo B-100 and apo E. The existence of this putative suppressor gene may explain the occasional observation of normal LDL-cholesterol concentrations in heterozygotes for LDL receptor mutations.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW ANALGESIC‐ANTI‐INFLAMMATORY DRUGS, 1‐OXO‐2‐SUBSTITUTED ISOINDOLINE DERIVATIVES (1973)

Abstract Auf den in den Formeln wiedergegebenen Wegen wurden nach bekannten Verfahren die l‐Oxo‐isoindolin‐Derivate (XIV), (XX), (XXI) und (XXII) sowie davon abgeleitete Carbonamide, ‐ester, ‐hydrazide und ‐oxime synthetisiert, deren entzündungshemmende und analgetische Eigenschaften untersucht wurden.
Radiation Induced Electrical Current and Voltage in Dielectric Structures (1974)

Abstract : A computational technique has been developed in one dimension for prediction of radiation-induced electrical currents and electrostatic fields in metal-dielectric slab structures. High energy radiation transport effects produce divergent electron currents, time-dependent electrostatic fields, and time-dependent conduction electron currents. These effects are considered and the computational technique predicts electric fields approaching breakdown intensity and time-dependent electrode currents which may even change sign. Brief comments on application of the technique to field effect electronic devices are included. Results are given for several metal-dielectric slab combinations under 200 keV and 1.25 MeV photon irradiations.
Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy of DNA Monolayers Modified with Nile Blue (2008)

Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is used to probe long-range charge transport (CT) through DNA monolayers containing the redox-active Nile Blue (NB) intercalator covalently affixed at a specific location in the DNA film. At substrate potentials negative of the formal potential of covalently attached NB, the electrocatalytic reduction of Fe(CN)6(3-) generated at the SECM tip is observed only when NB is located at the DNA/solution interface; for DNA films containing NB in close proximity to the DNA/electrode interface, the electrocatalytic effect is absent. This behavior is consistent with both rapid DNA-mediated CT between the NB intercalator and the gold electrode as well as a rate-limiting electron transfer between NB and the solution phase Fe(CN)6(3-). The DNA-mediated nature of the catalytic cycle is confirmed through sequence-specific and localized detection of attomoles of TATA-binding protein, a transcription factor that severely distorts DNA upon binding. Importantly, the strategy outlined here is general and allows for the local investigation of the surface characteristics of DNA monolayers both in the absence and in the presence of DNA binding proteins. These experiments highlight the utility of DNA-modified electrodes as versatile platforms for SECM detection schemes that take advantage of CT mediated by the DNA base pair stack.
Analytical Stability Prediction and Design of Variable Pitch Cutters (1999)

An analytical prediction of stability lobes for milling cutters with variable pitch angles is presented. The method requires cutting constants, number of teeth, and transfer function of cutter mounted on the machine tool as inputs to a chatter stability expression. The stability is formulated by transforming time varying directional cutting constants into time invariant constants. Constant regenerative time delay in uniform cutters is transformed into nonuniform multiple regenerative time delay for variable pitch cutters. The chatter free axial depth of cut is solved from the eigenvalues of stability expression, whereas the spindle speed is identified from regenerative phase delays. The proposed technique has been verified with extensive cutting tests and time domain simulations. The practical use of the analytical solution is demonstrated by an optimal tooth spacing design application which increases the chatter free depth of cuts significantly.
Coherent X-Ray Raman Spectroscopy: A Nonlinear Local Probe for Electronic Excitations (2002)

Nonlinear x-ray four-wave mixing experiments are becoming feasible due to rapid advances in high harmonic generation and synchrotron radiation coherent x-ray sources. By tuning the difference of two x-ray frequencies across the valence excitations, it is possible to probe the entire manifold of molecular electronic excitations. We show that the wave vector and frequency profiles of this x-ray analogue of coherent Raman spectroscopy provide an excellent real-space probe that carries most valuable structural and dynamical information, not available from spontaneous Raman techniques.
Four-quadrant sensorless SRM drive with high accuracy at all speeds (1999)

This paper describes a sensorless, four-quadrant switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive with high position resolution and accuracy at all operating speeds. In order to achieve sensorless control, a modified amplitude modulation scheme is used. Using this method, very high position resolution and accuracy comparable to that of a 14-bit resolver has been achieved. Detailed simulation of the drive system has been carried out using Matlab-Simulink in order to understand the dynamics of the system. For validation purposes, comprehensive set of experiments were performed on a 500 W, 100 V, 3000 RPM, 6/4, three-phase drive system and results are presented. The desired operations of a typical 4-quadrant drive, viz., motoring and generating in the forward and reverse directions have been achieved experimentally and the results are included. A brief analysis on the resolution, accuracy, speed range and transient stability of the sensorless method, which are very essential for practical design of any drive system is also presented. Some of the practical constraints in implementing the modulation scheme like the effect of high frequency signal injection on the sensitivity, effect of mutual coupling on the performance of the sensorless scheme are also discussed.
Close Split of Sorghum and Maize Genome Progenitors (2004)

It is generally believed that maize (Zea mays L. ssp. mays) arose as a tetraploid; however, the two progenitor genomes cannot be unequivocally traced within the genome of modern maize. We have taken a new approach to investigate the origin of the maize genome. We isolated and sequenced large genomic fragments from the regions surrounding five duplicated loci from the maize genome and their orthologous loci in sorghum, and then we compared these sequences with the orthologous regions in the rice genome. Within the studied segments, we identified 11 genes that were conserved in location, order, and orientation. We performed phylogenetic and distance analyses and examined the patterns of estimated times of divergence for sorghum and maize gene orthologs and also the time of divergence for maize orthologs. Our results support a tetraploid origin of maize. This analysis also indicates contemporaneous divergence of the ancestral sorghum genome and the two maize progenitor genomes about 11.9 million years ago (Mya). On the basis of a putative conversion event detected for one of the genes, tetraploidization must have occurred before 4.8 Mya, and therefore, preceded the major maize genome expansion by gene amplification and retrotransposition.
Post-traumatic stress disorder and serotonin: new directions for research and treatment. (1997)

The overlap in clinical phenomenology and morbidity between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and such conditions as major depression, anxiety disorders and aggression, in which a serotonin dysfunction is implicated, suggests a role for serotonin in the pathophysiology of PTSD. In this paper, we review current knowledge concerning the role of serotonergic mechanisms and interventions in PTSD. Since there is no clearly effective pharmacologic intervention for this disorder, the underlying neurochemical dysfunction needs to be carefully defined so that more effective treatment can be developed. Preclinical and clinical studies of the serotonergic mechanisms in the pathophysiology of PTSD and treatment trials involving serotonergic agents are limited, but indicate considerable promise. Further investigation of a serotonergic dysfunction in PTSD and of its treatment with serotonergic agents is warranted.
Adaptive blind channel identification (2002)

We present an adaptive blind channel equalizer, which is implemented by an adaptive blind channel estimator followed by a Viterbi detector. The adaptive blind channel estimator is realized by a temporal neural network which is globally convergent to the FIR channel response without any training signals. The adaptive blind channel estimator only requires either twice oversampling the received signals or signals from two antennas. Simulation shows that the adaptive blind channel equalizer without training signals performs equally well, if not better than, the decision feedback equalizer with training signals.
Risk of relapse phenotype recurrence in multiple sclerosis (2014)

Relapse phenotype was associated with demographic and clinical characteristics, with phenotypic recurrence significantly more common than expected by chance.
Modeling Dynamic 3D Environments by Means of The Stixel World (2011)

Correlation-based stereo vision has proven its power in commercially available driver assistance systems. Recently, real-time dense stereo matching algorithms have become available on inexpensive low-power FPGA hardware. In order to manage that huge amount of data, a medium-level representation named “Stixel World” has been proposed for further analysis. In this representation the free space in front of the vehicle is limited by adjacent rectangular sticks of a certain width. Distance and height of each so called Stixel are determined by those parts of the obstacle it represents. This Stixel World is a compact but flexible representation of the three-dimensional traffic situation. The underlying model assumption is that objects stand on the ground and have a vertical pose with a flat surface.
Analysis of the guarantee degree of irrigation water resources and its spatial difference in Northeast China (2005)

It is significant for rational and high effective utilization of agricultural water resources and the upgrade of agricultural production capacity. Based on the key factors that influence demand and supply of regional irrigation water resources, the model that is used to calculate the guarantee degree of regional irrigation water resources was developed. And then this model was applied to the area of Northeast China. The result showed that the state of demand and supply of regional irrigation water resources in Northeast China was in equilibrium on the whole and its value of P equaled to 95%. But the supply of irrigation water resources in Northeast China has been on the verge of deficiency. At the same time, a distinct spatial difference of the guarantee degrees of irrigation water resources in Northeast China was found by means of model and map analysis.
Tobacco Sucker Control, Inhibition of Tobacco Axillary Bud Growth with Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTobacco Sucker Control, Inhibition of Tobacco Axillary Bud Growth with Fatty Acid Methyl EstersT. C. Tso, G. L. Steffens, and M. E. EngelhauptCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1965, 13, 1, 78–81Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60137a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60137a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views104Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Complement "specificity" and interchangeability: measurement of hemolytic complement levels and use of the complement-fixation test with sera from common domesticated animals. (1977)

The results from studies to measure lytic complement (C') in sera of different animal species were reviewed. The traditional system, using sheep red blood cells (RBC) and rabbit antibody, was confirmed as the most sensitive to measure C' levels in man, monkey, dog, guinea pig, and rat serums. Sera C' from horse, cow, and sheep were found to be best assayed using rabbit RBC, whereas C' from goat, cat, and rabbit were best assayed with human RBC. Antibodies and C' from the same species usually mediated lysis of foreign RBC, but this lysis occurred more readily with some RBC targets than with others and may be associated with the presence of natural antibodies in the test sera. The effects of the species origin of a C' source in immunologic reactions in vitro and in vivo are discussed.