gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photographing rock‐walls and casings of boreholes (1939)

Whether or not a camera should be classed as a geophysical instrument may be open to question. When it is adapted to making stratigraphic studies, however, there is some reason for including it at least as an adjunct to geophysical techniques, such as electrical logging, designed for investigating deep‐lying strata. The next best thing to a visual inspection of such deeply hidden beds is to take a photograph of the horizons under investigation. Naturally, such a photograph is not a substitute for a core, but where cores or records have been lost, or in the case of drilling techniques where cores are not taken, pictures of the wall‐rocks in place may yield valuable information, and also on occasion serve to augment data obtained by thermal, electrical resistivity, and radioactive measurements.
Small-capacitance nondissipative ripple filters for DC supplies (1970)

Two configurations of ripple filters, one passive and one active, used to filter the output ripple of dc-to-dc converters and other power supplies are discussed. The passive one uses a small-microfarad capacitor and a mutual inductor; the active one uses these same components and, in addition, an operational amplifier. These filters have potential for spacecraft applications to enable the designer to use more reliable types of capacitors such as ceramic or mica instead of tantalum capacitors now commonly used in the conventional <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</tex> -section or pure-capacitance filters requiring large-microfarad capacitance. The passive filter has achieved attenuation greater than 40 dB and the active filter greater than 50 dB. Both of these filters accomplished significant capacitance reduction when compared with an <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</tex> -section filter for the same application.
A substrate etch geometry for near ideal breakdown voltage in p-n junction devices (1977)

A new junction-termination geometry is proposed which can be achieved by a simple etch. This etch effectively lowers peak surface fields in both plane and planar p-n junction devices without increasing peak bulk electric fields. This insures an ideal, or near-ideal, avalanche breakdown voltage. The further advantages of the proposed technique lie in a relative insensitivity to etch depth, a minimal loss in device area, and compatibility with planar technology. Theoretical and experimental results are given to illustrate the substrate-etch technique.
Integrating calendar dates and qualitative temporal constraints in the treatment of periodic events (1997)

The paper describes a framework for representing and reasoning with periodic events. In particular, it proposes a temporal formalism which deals with both (1) quantitative information concerning the frame of time (e.g., between 1990 and 1993) and the user-defined calendar-dates (e.g., on the first Mondays of April) in which periodic events are located and (2) the qualitative relations between periodic events (e.g., Sam visits the branch office XO1 before going to his office). The meaning of the temporal specifications in our formalism is described in logical terms. The paper defines the basic operations of inversion, intersection and composition of temporal specifications. These operations are correct (with respect to the logical definition of the specifications) and do not lose information. Finally, the paper also describes a correct algorithm which takes advantage of these operations for performing temporal reasoning, and analyses its complexity. An application of the temporal framework to the scheduling in an office is shown in an example.
ChemInform Abstract: DEAMINATION REACTIONS. 36. DECOMPOSITION OF METHYLNORBORNANE‐2‐DIAZONIUM IONS (1981)

Abstract Bei der Photolyse der entsprechenden Methyl‐2‐norbornanon‐tosylhydrazone (I) bis (V) in wäßriger Natronlauge (0.5‐l h bei 25°C) entstehen über intermediäre exo/ endo‐Gemische von 3‐, 5‐, 6‐ und 7‐Methylnorbornan‐2‐diazonium‐Ionen Methyl‐2‐exonorbomanole, deren Zusammensetzung auf eine vollständige Wagner‐Meerwein‐Äquilibrierung der kationischen Zwischenstufen hinweist.
"To associate ourselves with the men of Ulster:" A Gendered History of Ulster's Solemn League and Covenant and the Ulster Women's Declaration, 1910-1920 (2012)

This paper explores the gendered constitution of Ulster's Solemn League and Covenant and the Ulster Women's Declaration, two documents that were instrumental in the Ulster unionist campaign against Irish Home Rule. Composed and circulated in 1912, these documents elucidated the Unionist platform while exposing the differences in gender roles inherent in Ulster's political and social spheres. Additionally, the two documents provided the basis for a Unionist militia that included both men and women, albeit in distinctive capacities. By examining the Covenant and Declaration, a more comprehensive understanding of the anti-Home Rule campaign can be fully realized.
Use of canine small intestinal submucosa allograft for treating perineal hernias in two dogs (2012)

Here, we describe two dogs in which canine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) was implanted as a biomaterial scaffold during perineal herniorrhaphy. Both dogs had developed severe muscle weakness, unilaterally herniated rectal protrusions, and heart problems with potential anesthetic risks. Areas affected by the perineal hernia (PH) located between the internal obturator and external anal sphincter muscles were reconstructed with naïve canine SIS sheets. In 12 months, post-operative complications such as wound infections, sciatic paralysis, rectal prolapse, or recurrence of the hernia were not observed. Symptoms of defecatory tenesmus also improved. Neither case showed any signs of rejection or specific immune responses as determined by complete and differential cell counts. Our findings demonstrate that canine SIS can be used as a biomaterial scaffold for PH repair in dogs.
Collection and processing of multibeam and side-scan data to hydrographic standards (2002)

Modern hydrographic surveying for the production of navigation-quality charts requires the collection and processing of large volumes of data while maintaining complete traceability of the processing steps and the origin of the data points. To meet this need, Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) developed the Integrated Hydrographic Survey System (IHSS), a complete hydrographic survey package that allows efficient planning, data acquisition, and processing; it also provides the ability to simultaneously collect large volumes of multibeam and side-scan sonar data and to fully track the processing steps, all the way through to the find data products. As an integrated system, the IHSS facilitates communication among the planning, acquisition, and processing functions to ensure that any change made in one function will be immediately recognized by the entire system, with the appropriate actions taken. Survey layout can be planned prior to commencing field operations or modified while surveying. Data processing may begin immediately after the data are acquired; therefore, the data can be evaluated for quality and completeness during ongoing survey operations. Any potential data gaps can be immediately identified and additional lines added to the survey plan, so that complete coverage is assured prior to departing the area. Data products such as track plots, coverage plots, contour plots, sonar contact plots and hydrographic smooth sheets can be created at any point during processing. The first survey to utilize this system was conducted under contract to the NOAA for surveys in Long Island Sound and Vineyard Sound.
State of the Art High Performance Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyst Beds (2004)

In the last decade, many parties have become in terested in Hydrogen Peroxide for monopropellant applications. This has increasing lead to the need to decrease the mass of the catalyst bed. Hence this has led to a desire to drive the catalyst beds to higher mass fluxes than the prior state of the art . This paper examines an effort which methodically increase d the flux level to more than three times that of the prior state of the art in the 1950 -1970s. Test data showing catalyst bed performance (Cat bed pressure drop, decomposition efficiency and roughness) versus flux are provided for design purposes.
Abnormal expression of TIP30 and arrested nucleocytoplasmic transport within oligodendrocyte precursor cells in multiple sclerosis (2008)

Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) persist near the demyelinated axons arising in MS but inefficiently differentiate into oligodendrocytes and remyelinate these axons. The pathogenesis of differentiation failure remains elusive. We initially hypothesized that injured axons fail to present Contactin, a positive ligand for the oligodendroglial Notch1 receptor to induce myelination, and thus tracked axoglial Contactin/Notch1 signaling in situ, using immunohistochemistry in brain tissue from MS patients containing chronic demyelinated lesions. Instead, we found that Contactin was saturated on demyelinated axons, Notch1-positive OPCs accumulated in Contactin-positive lesions, and the receptor was engaged, as demonstrated by cleavage to Notch1-intracellular domain (NICD). However, nuclear translocalization of NICD, required for myelinogenesis, was virtually absent in these cells. NICD and related proteins carrying nuclear localization signals were associated with the nuclear transporter Importin but were trapped in the cytoplasm. Abnormal expression of TIP30, a direct inhibitor of Importin, was observed in these OPCs. Overexpression of TIP30 in a rat OPC cell line resulted in cytoplasmic entrapment of NICD and arrest of differentiation upon stimulation with Contactin-Fc. Our results suggest that extracellular inhibitory factors as well as an intrinsic nucleocytoplasmic transport blockade within OPCs may be involved in the pathogenesis of remyelination failure in MS.
<title>Spatiotemporal model for the contrast sensitivity of the human eye and its temporal aspects</title> (1993)

The physical model for the spatial contrast sensitivity of the eye that we presented in a previous paper is extended to the temporal domain by making some assumptions about the temporal behavior of the photoreceptors and the lateral inhibition in the ganglion cells. In this way a complete spatio-temporal model is obtained that gives a simple explanation of the complicated spatio-temporal behavior of the eye. Spatio-temporal and temporal contrast sensitivity curves calculated with the model are compared with measurements published in literature.
The role of c-Myb in the up-regulation of methionine adenosyltransferase 2A expression in activated Jurkat cells (2000)

Methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) is a critical cellular enzyme which catalyses the formation of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), the principal methyl donor. In mammals, two different genes, MAT1A and MAT2A, encode liver-specific and non-liver-specific MATs, respectively. SAM level increases during T-lymphocyte activation and is required for proliferation. A major mechanism for the increase in SAM level is increased MAT2A transcription. In the current work we examined the molecular mechanism of increased MAT2A expression in activated Jurkat cells. Treatment of Jurkat cells with interleukin-2 (IL-2), PMA or PMA plus phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) resulted in a 2-fold increase in MAT2A mRNA levels and a 2-fold increase in luciferase activity driven by the transfected human MAT2A promoter construct -571/+60 but not -270/+60. The region -571 to -270 of the human MAT2A contains a c-Myb consensus binding site. c-Myb is known to be induced during T-lymphocyte activation and its mRNA level was increased after treatment of Jurkat cells with IL-2, PMA or PMA plus PHA. Increased nuclear binding to the MAT2A c-Myb site was confirmed on electrophoretic mobility-shift and supershift analyses. Mutation of the MAT2A c-Myb site abolished the stimulatory effect of these agents on c-Myb nuclear binding and MAT2A promoter activities. Overexpression of c-Myb increased MAT2A promoter activity by 2-fold. Dexamethasone, a known inhibitor of lymphocyte activation, blocked the effect of these agents on MAT2A expression by preventing the increase in c-Myb expression.
ChemInform Abstract: First Synthesis of a Dideoxydifluoro Nucleoside with a β‐D‐lyxo Configuration. An Unprecedented Effect of the cis‐Fluorines on the Reactivity of the Aglycon. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Development of an Adverse Drug Reaction Risk Assessment Score among Hospitalized Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (2014)

A score using routinely available patient data can be used to identify CKD patients who are at increased risk of ADRs.
Decreased Absorption of Orally Administered Ammonia by Clinoptilolite in Rats (1981)

Sprague-Dawley growing rats were used in four experiments to determine the effect of a natural zeolite mineral, clinoptilolite, on portal blood ammonia concentration following oral administration of (NH4), CO4. Stomach tubing rats with 315, 472.5, 630, or 945 mg clinoptilolite/100 g body wt reduced portal vein blood ammonia concentrations of rats orally administered, simultaneously, 45 or 90 mg (NH4)2CO3/100 g body wt. The reduction was greater at the higher clinoptilolite concentration at each level of (NH4)CO3 administration (i.e., 472.5 mg clinoptilolite was more effective than 315 mg at a dosage of 45 mg (NH4)2C03/100 mg body wt, and 945 mg clinoptilolite was more effective than 630 mg at a dosage of 90 mg (NH4)2CO3/100 mg body wt). Inclusion of 5% clinoptilolite in a diet containing 4% (NH4)2CO3 did not decrease portal blood ammonia after a 30-min meal, but it did reduce portal blood ammonia concentration compared with that of rats fed the basal diet not containing clinoptilolite. It is concluded that clinoptilolite has the capacity to bind free ammonia in the gastrointestinal tract and that the degree of binding is predictable from its known ion-exchange capacity. The ammonia binding may be related to the improved efficiency of feed utilization reported in animals fed diets containing clinoptilolite.
Genetic analysis of breeding-related traits in Brassica rapa (2009)

General introduction 5Chinese cabbage, a vegetable crop of B. rapa, has been recorded in ancient China and Korea.Chinese cabbage types are as diverse as B. oleracea cabbage types.Heading versus nonheading, shape, size and storability of the head are important traits in breeding vegetable B. rapa types.Tightly heading Chinese cabbage is a relatively new crop, first recorded in China in the eighteenth century.This crop may have originated from either a non-heading or a loosely heading type and is now widely cultivated in China, Japan, and Korea (Hirai and Matsumoto, 2007).As Chinese cabbage is cultivated all year round, cultivars with various types of growth characters are bred and used.Early-maturing types can be harvested within 50 days after sowing, while late-maturing Chinese cabbage types require prolonged cultivation for as long as 120 days.Resistances to high and low temperatures are needed for summer and winter cultivation, respectively.Bolting resistance is required in cultivars for spring harvest.Chinese cabbage is susceptible to almost all the pathogens, pests and environmental stresses affecting B. oleracea (Dixon, 2007).Arabidopsis thaliana, another species of the Brassicaceae family, is the model system of choice for research in plant biology and genome analysis and the first flowering plant to have its entire genome sequenced (The Arabidopsis Genome Initiative, 2000).It has a small genome size (125 Mbp), a low amount of repetitive DNA and a high gene density (Meinke et al., 1998).The ancestral lineages of Arabidopsis and Brassica diverged between 12.2 and 19.2 million years ago and the two species share extensive co-linearity and 87% sequence identity between orthologous exons (Love et al., 2005;Yang et al., 2006; The Arabidopsis Genome Initiative, 2000).The genome size of B. rapa is about four times (550 Mbp) the size of the Arabidopsis genome (Park et al., 2005).Due to the close phylogenetic relationship of B. rapa with A. thaliana, many opportunities emerged in transferring knowledge from the model to B. rapa for further improvement.Some breeders are now also working with less well known Brassicaceae species, such as Brassica carinata, as a source of valuable genes for resistance to pathogens, pests and other characteristics of economic importance (Dixon, 2007). Genetics and genetic linkage mapAlthough B. rapa and A. thaliana share considerable DNA identity, the direct transfer of knowledge on gene function based on DNA sequence is not as straightforward as previously anticipated.This is largely due to extensive chromosomal duplications and subsequent deletions in these duplicated regions.The genomes of many flowering plants have undergone one or more rounds of duplication.Analysis of the genome sequence of A. thaliana shows large scale gene duplications (Blanc et al., 2003).Comparative genetic mapping often revealed six copies of each A. thaliana gene in Brassica species (Lagercrantz
[2,1-<i>c</i>] [1,4]Benzodiazepine (PBD)-Distamycin Hybrid Inhibits DNA Binding to Transcription Factor Sp1 (2000)

We designed and synthesized the hybrid 6, prepared combining the minor groove binders distamycin A and pyrrolo [2,1-c][1,4] benzodiazepine (PBD) 4, related to the natural occurring anthramycin (2) and DC-81 (3). In this paper, the effects of the compound 6 on molecular interactions between DNA and transcription factor Sp1 were studied. The results obtained demonstrate that PBD-distamycin hybrid is a powerful inhibitor of Sp1/DNA interactions.
Reduced angular sensitivity frequency selective surface (1993)

A new FSS geometry consisting of an open ring loaded with a square patch is proposed and analysed using a dyadic Green function method. It is shown that the square patch reduces the angular sensitivity of the reflection coefficient, which is further reduced by increasing the open circuit gap size.
Spreading sequence sets with zero correlation zone (2000)

A general class of sequences with zero correlation zone (ZCZ), based on mutually orthogonal complementary sets, is presented. The sequence sets can be used in quasi-synchronous CDMA systems to eliminate co-channel and multi-path interference.
Phosphorylation of Serine 392 Stabilizes the Tetramer Formation of Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 (1997)

Tumor suppressor protein p53 is a tetrameric phosphoprotein that activates transcription from several cell cycle regulating genes in response to DNA damage. Tetramer formation is critical to p53's ability to activate transcription; however, posttranslational modifications and protein stabilization also contribute to p53's ability to activate transcription. To determine if phosphorylation affects tetramer formation, we synthesized phosphopeptides corresponding to residues 303-393 of human p53, which includes the domain responsible for tetramer formation. Phosphate was chemically incorporated at Ser315, Ser378, or Ser392 and also at both Ser315 and Ser392. Equilibrium ultracentrifugal analyses showed that phosphorylation at Ser392 increased the association constant for reversible tetramer formation nearly 10-fold. Phosphorylation of either Ser315 or Ser378 had little effect on tetramer formation, but phosphorylation of Ser315 largely reversed the effect of phosphorylation at Ser392. Analyses by calorimetry demonstrated that phosphorylation may influence subunit affinity (and, in turn, DNA binding) by an enthalpy-driven process, possibly between the C-terminal residues and the region immediately adjacent to Ser315. The Kd for the tetramer-monomer transition of the unphosphorylated p53 C-terminal domain was determined to be approximately 1-10 microM. Thus, in normal, undamaged cells p53 may be largely monomeric. Enhancement of tetramer formation through phosphorylation of Ser392, coupled with a DNA-damage-induced increase in its nuclear concentration, could provide a switch that activates p53 as a transcription factor in response to DNA damage.
Cytoplasmic Localization of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Kinase Directed by Its NH2-terminal, Leucine-rich Short Amino Acid Sequence, Which Acts as a Nuclear Export Signal (1996)

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is activated in cytoplasm in response to extracellular signals and then is translocated to nucleus. A directed activator for MAPK, MAPK kinase (MAPKK), stays in cytoplasm to transmit the signal from the plasma membrane to MAPK. Here we show that MAPKK contains a short amino acid sequence in the N-terminal region (residues 32-44), which acts as a nuclear export signal (NES) and thus is required for cytoplasmic localization of MAPKK. This NES sequence of MAPKK, like that of protein kinase inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase or Rev, is rich in leucine residues, which are crucial for the NES activity. Furthermore, the NES peptide of protein kinase inhibitor, as well as the NES peptide of MAPKK, inhibited the nuclear export of ovalbumin conjugated to the NES peptide of MAPKK. These results may suggest a common mechanism of nuclear export using a general leucine-rich NES.
Field and Greenhouse Analysis of Variation for Disease Resistance in Tobacco Somaclones (1989)

Daub, M. E., and Jenns, A. E. 1989. Field and greenhouse analysis of variation for disease resistance in tobacco somaclones. Phytopathology 79:600-605. A total of 854 somaclones of two flue-cured tobacco cultivars were parent cultivar in black shank resistance, but many had greater resistance generated from protoplast cultures, and their progeny analyzed in to bacterial wilt than did NC2326. Most cultivar Coker 319 somaclones greenhouse and field tests for yield, leaf chemistry, and resistance to black were more susceptible than the parent cultivar to black shank but had shank, bacterial wilt, tobacco mosaic virus, and root knot (Meloidogyne bacterial wilt resistance similar to that of Coker 319. Variation in black incognita). Under the culture conditions established in this study, shank and bacterial wilt resistance was slight, and few somaclones had approximately 55% of the somaclones were not self-fertile. Progeny of the responses equivalent to those of the susceptible and resistant control somaclones had normal phenotype and did not differ significantly from the cultivars. However, conditions used in this study reduced the amount of parent cultivars in yield and leaf chemistry. Significant variation was found potential variation. No somaclones were identified with resistance to in resistance to black shank and bacterial wilt, two diseases for which the tobacco mosaic virus or M. incognita. We conclude that genetic variation parent cultivars have low levels of resistance. The variation that was occurred in the somaclones, that the magnitude of variation was slight, and observed in response to these diseases depended on the disease as well as the that the variation depended on both the genotype of the parent cultivar and genotype of the parent. Somaclones of cultivar NC2326 were similar to the the trait. Additional keywords: Nicotiana tabacum, Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae, Pseudomonas solanacearum, tissue culture.