gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Stability of Stable Isotopic Gases (2020)

Pure gases and mixtures containing stable isotopes are used in a wide variety of applications including health care, food authentication, geochemistry, and environmental monitoring. It is therefore important to understand the role of moisture, which is one of the most critical impurities in compressed gas mixtures and pure gases, in their stability. Gaseous carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) was used as a proxy for the evaluation of the effects of its isotopic composition, when in contact with moisture throughout the depletion of a cylinder's contents, as well as pressure regulation and long-term stability. To accentuate the detrimental effects of moisture on CO<sub>2</sub> isotopic stability, enriched <sup>18</sup>O-water was added to natural-abundance, gaseous carbon dioxide. The δ<sup>18</sup>O-CO<sub>2</sub> changed from -23.16‰ vs Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite (VPDB) to +109‰ vs VPDB. It was further demonstrated that with appropriate cylinder preparation to reduce residual moisture, source material purity with low moisture content, and pressure regulation (from 57.0 down to 0.5 bar), both δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>18</sup>O remained consistent within ±0.04 and ±0.06‰, respectively, throughout the entire cylinder contents. Pressure reduction using a dual-stage regulator yielded statistically consistent results at the 99% confidence level from delivered pressures of 0.1-0.8 bar. Furthermore, the isotopic values remained consistent during a 1 year shelf-life study, illustrating the ability to utilize and regulate pressurized gases as working reference standard gases.
Coproduction of Acetaldehyde and Hydrogen during Glucose Fermentation by Escherichia coli (2011)

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli K-12 strain MG1655 was engineered to coproduce acetaldehyde and hydrogen during glucose fermentation by the use of exogenous acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) reductase (for the conversion of acetyl-CoA to acetaldehyde) and the native formate hydrogen lyase. A putative acetaldehyde dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA reductase from Salmonella enterica (SeEutE) was cloned, produced at high levels, and purified by nickel affinity chromatography. In vitro assays showed that this enzyme had both acetaldehyde dehydrogenase activity (68.07 ± 1.63 μmol min −1 mg −1 ) and the desired acetyl-CoA reductase activity (49.23 ± 2.88 μmol min −1 mg −1 ). The eutE gene was engineered into an E. coli mutant lacking native glucose fermentation pathways (Δ adhE , Δ ackA - pta , Δ ldhA , and Δ frdC ). The engineered strain (ZH88) produced 4.91 ± 0.29 mM acetaldehyde while consuming 11.05 mM glucose but also produced 6.44 ± 0.26 mM ethanol. Studies showed that ethanol was produced by an unknown alcohol dehydrogenase(s) that converted the acetaldehyde produced by SeEutE to ethanol. Allyl alcohol was used to select for mutants with reduced alcohol dehydrogenase activity. Three allyl alcohol-resistant mutants were isolated; all produced more acetaldehyde and less ethanol than ZH88. It was also found that modifying the growth medium by adding 1 g of yeast extract/liter and lowering the pH to 6.0 further increased the coproduction of acetaldehyde and hydrogen. Under optimal conditions, strain ZH136 converted glucose to acetaldehyde and hydrogen in a 1:1 ratio with a specific acetaldehyde production rate of 0.68 ± 0.20 g h −1 g −1 dry cell weight and at 86% of the maximum theoretical yield. This specific production rate is the highest reported thus far and is promising for industrial application. The possibility of a more efficient “no-distill” ethanol fermentation procedure based on the coproduction of acetaldehyde and hydrogen is discussed.
Block-Coordinate Frank-Wolfe Optimization for Structural SVMs (2012)

We propose a randomized block-coordinate variant of the classic Frank-Wolfe algorithm for convex optimization with block-separable constraints. Despite its lower iteration cost, we show that it achieves a similar convergence rate in duality gap as the full Frank-Wolfe algorithm. We also show that, when applied to the dual structural support vector machine (SVM) objective, this yields an online algorithm that has the same low iteration complexity as primal stochastic subgradient methods. However, unlike stochastic subgradient methods, the block-coordinate Frank-Wolfe algorithm allows us to compute the optimal step-size and yields a computable duality gap guarantee. Our experiments indicate that this simple algorithm outperforms competing structural SVM solvers.
Mechanical properties of femoral cortical bone following cemented hip replacement (2007)

Femoral bone remodeling following total hip replacement is a big concern and has never been examined mechanically. In this study, six goats underwent unilateral cemented hip hemiarthroplasty with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement. Nine months later animals were sacrificed, and the femoral cortical bone slices at different levels were analysed using microhardness testing and microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) scanning. Implanted femurs were compared to contralateral nonimplanted femurs. Extensive bone remodeling was demonstrated at both the proximal and middle levels, but not at the distal level. Compared with the nonimplanted side, significant decreases were found in the implanted femur in cortical bone area, bone mineral density, and cortical bone hardness at the proximal level, as well as in bone mineral density and bone hardness at the middle level. However, no significant difference was observed in either variable for the distal level. In addition, similar proximal-to-distal gradient changes were revealed both in cortical bone microhardness and bone mineral density. From the mechanical point of view, the results of the present study suggested that stress shielding is an important mechanical factor associated with bone adaptation following total hip replacement.
A 7.4 ps FPGA-Based TDC with a 1024-Unit Measurement Matrix (2017)

In this paper, a high-resolution time-to-digital converter (TDC) based on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) device is proposed and tested. During the implementation, a new architecture of TDC is proposed which consists of a measurement matrix with 1024 units. The utilization of routing resources as the delay elements distinguishes the proposed design from other existing designs, which contributes most to the device insensitivity to variations of temperature and voltage. Experimental results suggest that the measurement resolution is 7.4 ps, and the INL (integral nonlinearity) and DNL (differential nonlinearity) are 11.6 ps and 5.5 ps, which indicates that the proposed TDC offers high performance among the available TDCs. Benefitting from the FPGA platform, the proposed TDC has superiorities in easy implementation, low cost, and short development time.
Mathematical requirements for physical chemistry (1929)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMathematical requirements for physical chemistryFarrington Daniels Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1929, 6, 2, 254Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1929Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 February 1929Published inissue 1 February 1929https://doi.org/10.1021/ed006p254RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views105Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Secretion of recombinant ribonuclease T<sub>1</sub> into the periplasmic space of <i>Escherichia coli</i> with the aid of the signal peptide of alkaline phosphatase (1990)

The ribonuclease T1 (RNase T1) gene was ligated to a synthetic gene for the signal peptide of Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase. When this fusion gene was expressed in E. coli under the control of the trp promoter, active RNase T1 having the correct N-terminal sequence was secreted into the periplasmic space, indicating that the heterologous signal peptide had been cleaved off correctly. The enzyme could be readily purified from the periplasmic fraction with a yield of 1.8 mg from 1 liter culture. Adopting the same strategy, it was possible to produce a labile mutant of RNase T1 (Glu-58----Ala mutant) in E. coli, the yield of the purified mutant enzyme being 2.0 mg from 1 liter culture.
Preparation of ZnO/Au Nanocomposite Thin Films by Electrodeposition (1996)

ZnO/Au nanocomposite thin films were fabricated by electrodepositon from an aqueous solution of Zn(NO 3 ) 2 and KAuCl 4 . The composite film contained small particles of Au, the average diameter of which was in the range of 18 to 25 nm. The composite films were transparent and were red due to surface plasmon absorption of small Au particles deposited without subsequent heat treatment.
Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers II (1994)

As in the first symposium volume (1), the term "inorganic and organometallic polymers" is primarily used to describe macromolecules that contain inorganic elements in the polymer backbone with either organic or inorganic side-groups. In addition to linear polymers with repeating monomer units, macromolecules consisting of complex rings or with highly branched, crosslinked structures (e.g., see oxopolymers) are included in this definition.
ESPAÇO RÍTMICO: Provocações da escuta (2016)

RESUMO:
Este trabalho pretende abordar o conceito de “espaco ritmico” idealizado por Adolphe Appia (1862-1928) no inicio do seculo XX. Appia propoe o espaco ritmico como meio de expandir a presenca do ator, quebrando a imobilidade do palco a partir da utilizacao de estimulos como plataformas, cubos e blocos. Ao se movimentar por estes “obstaculos” fisicos, o ator ritmaria o espaco cenico e a sua propria expressividade, valorizando e ampliando as possiblidades criativas tanto do espaco quanto do ator. Como meio de aprofundamento deste conceito encontrou-se nos termos “escuta extraordinaria” (extraordinary listening) e viewpoints de Anne Bogart (1951) possibilidades de dialogos. Para a diretora o ator sensibilizado corporalmente e em estado de escuta e de percepcao, dialoga diretamente com a profusao de ritmos e elementos disponiveis nos espacos mesmo estes vazios, ampliando sua expressividade. Portanto, assim como Appia, propoe um dialogo com o espaco teatral que dilata a presenca do ator.

Palavras-chave: Espaco ritmico; Escuta Extraordinaria; Viewpoints; Adolphe Appia; Anne Bogart.

ABSTRACT:
This paper aims to expand the concept of rhythmic space designed by Adolphe Appia (1862-1928) in the early twentieth century. Appia proposes the “rhythmic space” to expand the presence of the actor, breaking the stillness of the stage. Appia suggests to building platforms, cubes and blocks for the actor to move rhythmically and expanding the expressive possibilities of both the space and the actor. The concept of “extraordinary listening” and “viewpoints” of the American director Anne Bogart (1951) dialogues possibilities to expand the concept of the “rhythmic space”. The “extraordinary listening” is an state of the perception that the actor seeks to develop all their senses, so that they are sensitized, mobilized and aware. Anne Bogart believes that the actor needs to be deeply moved bodily, be in listening state, dilated perception, acute sensitivity to carry out their work, to perceive space, to the profusion of rhythms and all the elements that are available in space. Therefore, it is possible to revisit the concept the Appia’s “rhythmic space” and the concept the Bogart’s “extraordinary listening” for exceed the developed expressiveness at work the actor.

Keywords: Rhythmic Space; Extraordinary Listening; Viewpoints; Adolphe Appia; Anne Bogart
未来的路：金融危机重塑中国与世界的关系——乔治·索罗斯在匈牙利布达佩斯中欧大学的演讲 (2009)

当下所处的时刻．不定因素的范围异常广泛。我们刚刚渡过了二次大战以来最严重的金融危机。这个危机在量上大得多，质上也与以往的危机很不相同。可作相关比较的。是1991年日本发生的房地产泡沫破灭，至今尚未恢复：还有就是30年代美国的大萧条。与日本情况不同的是，
Space suits and life support systems for the exploration of Mars (1990)

The requirements and technologies needed for a viable space suit, or Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU), to be worn under conditions of Martian gravity field and environment are examined and alternative concepts for space suits and portable life support systems for the exploration of Mars are proposed. The challenge is illustrated by a comparison of the Martian surface with previous and current manned space environments, such as the low earth orbit, the lunar surface, and the surface of the earth. A summary of relevant data collected from Mariner and Viking probes is presented and it is pointed out that this information must be used to create an EMU which provides temperature regulation; humidity control; a regulated oxygen supply; pressure regulation; metabolic and toxic waste removal; contaminant control; thermal and cosmic radiation protection; biological isolation of the human and the Mars environment from each other; tear, dust, and puncture protection; water; and communication.
Design, Synthesis and Characterization of Cationic Peptide and Steroid Antibiotics (2002)

Novel cationic antibiotics have been developed to mimic the cationic, facial amphiphilic structures of naturally occurring peptide antibiotics. Several series of designed peptide antibiotics have been reported, as well as examples based on β-peptides and steroids. The antibacterial activities of these compounds are derived from the disruption and/or permeabilization of bacterial membranes, and many display potent antibacterial activity and selectivity for bacterial cells. These antibiotics may prove valuable in combating bacterial infections, especially those from drug-resistant organisms.
Comparison between Ramp Pulse Modulation (RPM) and constant frequency modulation for the beat frequency oscillation in voltage regulators (2010)

In the voltage regulator (VR) applications, the load frequency varies in a very wide range from several kHz to several MHz. When the load transient frequency approaches to the switching frequency of VR, there is a low frequency oscillation in the system, which is the beat frequency oscillation between the load transient frequency and the switching frequency of VR. When this low frequency oscillation becomes significant, the system may be hurt. The root cause of this beat frequency oscillation is constant frequency operation of the VR. In order to resolve this problem, Ramp Pulse Modulation (RPM) method is proposed. A Ramp Pulse Modulation control is one of the ripple based control methods, which is generally used in the single phase voltage regulators. In this paper, RPM method is reviewed and it is compared to the constant frequency control method with experiments.
Three‐dimensional volume reconstruction of extracellular matrix proteins in uveal melanoma from fluorescent confocal laser scanning microscope images (2006)

The distribution of looping patterns of laminin in uveal melanomas and other tumours has been associated with adverse outcome. Moreover, these patterns are generated by highly invasive tumour cells through the process of vasculogenic mimicry and are not therefore blood vessels. Nevertheless, these extravascular matrix patterns conduct plasma. The three-dimensional (3D) configuration of these laminin-rich patterns compared with blood vessels has been the subject of speculation and intensive investigation. We have developed a method for the 3D reconstruction of volume for these extravascular matrix proteins from serial paraffin sections cut at 4 microm thicknesses and stained with a fluorescently labelled antibody to laminin (Maniotis et al., 2002). Each section was examined via confocal laser-scanning focal microscopy (CLSM) and 13 images were recorded in the Z-dimension for each slide. The input CLSM imagery is composed of a set of 3D sub-volumes (stacks of 2D images) acquired at multiple confocal depths, from a sequence of consecutive slides. Steps for automated reconstruction included (1) unsupervised methods for selecting an image frame from a sub-volume based on entropy and contrast criteria, (2) a fully automated registration technique for image alignment and (3) an improved histogram equalization method that compensates for spatially varying image intensities in CLSM imagery due to photo-bleaching. We compared image alignment accuracy of a fully automated method with registration accuracy achieved by human subjects using a manual method. Automated 3D volume reconstruction was found to provide significant improvement in accuracy, consistency of results and performance time for CLSM images acquired from serial paraffin sections.
Metal–Organic Frameworks as Promising Photosensitizers for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting (2015)

<b>Ti-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are demonstrated as promising photosensitizers</b> for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Photocurrents of TiO<sub>2</sub> nano wire photoelectrodes can be improved under visible light through sensitization with aminated Ti-based MOFs. As a host, other sensitizers or catalysts such as Au nanoparticles can be incorporated into the MOF layer thus further improving the PEC water splitting efficiency.
Role of nanoparticles in wavelength selectivity of multilayered structures in the far-field and near-field regimes (2015)

Microscopic thin films have shown wavelength selectivity in the context of radiative heat transfer. We propose a methodology to shift the wavelength selectivity in the desired location. This work deals with the far-field and near-field radiation from thin films embedded with nanoparticles. The calculations of emission spectra are performed using the Fresnel equations in the far-field limit, and using the dyadic Green's function formalism for transmissivity between the closely spaced objects in the near-field regime. For the media doped with nanoparticles, an effective dielectric function using the Maxwell-Garnett-Mie theory is used to calculate emissivity and radiative heat transfer. It has been shown that the wavelength selectivity in the emission spectra can be influenced by varying the size and/or the volume fraction of nanoparticles. We characterize the wavelength selectivity using real and imaginary parts of the effective refractive index. We show that the influence of nanoparticles on wavelength selectivity is different depending on whether the particles are of polar materials or are metallic.
Dry Etching of Tapered Contact Holes Using Multilayer Resist (1985)

Optimum coverage of contact holes by sputtered metals typically requires sloping of the sidewalls. A number of different types of photoresists and dry etch techniques have been examined for this purpose. Two processes which will be discussed include (i) replication of a presloped single‐layer AZ‐type photoresist profile by anisotropically etching the resist and the silicon dioxide at comparable rates, and (ii) controlled lateral etching of a vertical‐walled poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) layer of a two‐layer resist, while etching silicon dioxide in the vertical direction. The latter process preserves the inherent accurate resolution of the vertical PMMA profile, while providing an opportunity for tailored and reproducible sidewall angles. The results of mass and emission spectroscopy suggest that atomic oxygen plays an important role in the lateral etching of the PMMA resist.
The impact of the absorbent products distribution system on family caregivers of older people with incontinence in Italy: perception of the support received (2019)

When family caregivers feel supported by a more customized service delivery system, their perception of the care-related burden is mitigated. Thus, it is important to consider the needs of both family caregivers and cared for older people, and not only of the latter for designing a more suitable distribution of absorbent products. The best solution could be leaving end-users the freedom to choose how they want to get products (e.g. voucher or personal budget). This requires a reorganization of the current pads delivery systems adopted by the Marche and by other Italian Regional Health Systems.
Role of interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme (ICE) in leukemia. (1996)

Interleukin (IL)-1 is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays a pivotal role in driving the in vitro proliferation of leukemic cells through autocrine or paracrine pathways. Both IL-1 genes, IL-1 alpha and the prominent IL-1 beta, produce 31 kDa proteins. Whereas the precursor (pro) 31 kDa form of IL-1 alpha is biologically active, pro-IL-1 beta is inactive unless cleaved to its mature form by a cytoplasmic cysteine protease termed IL-1 beta converting enzyme (ICE). Although ICE was first thought to be a unique enzyme with a single biologic activity, several investigators have demonstrated that ICE shares sequence homology with the protein product of ced-3, the gene for cell death of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, and can induce apoptosis in different cellular systems. However, recent data indicate that ICE is a member of an increasingly recognized family of ICE-related molecules whose other members, such as CPP32, do not cleave pro-IL-1 beta but rather are effective inducers of apoptotic cell death. We recently investigated the effect of ICE inhibition on acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) colony growth. We found that inhibition of ICE reduced the production of mature IL-1 beta and suppressed the proliferation of AML colony-forming units, confirming the central role of IL-1 beta in AML progenitor proliferation. These data suggest that the primary role of ICE in AML cells is cleavage of pro-IL-1 beta rather than induction of apoptosis and that the antileukemic activity of specific ICE inhibitors warrants further exploitation.
Markers of Thromboembolization in a Bovine Ex Vivo Left Ventricular Assist Device Model (1994)

The production of blood microemboli (BME) was studied using an ex vivo exteriorized left ventricular assist device (LVAD) model in calves. Each of eight calves received a series of three LVADs, each operating for 24 hr. Blood microemboli were measured directly by a laser (624 nm and 828 nm) light scattering microemboli detection (LSMD) system through the LVAD outflow cannula and by constant pressure filtration (CPF) of blood samples from the LVAD outflow cannula. Hematologic parameters were also measured. After LVAD removal, perivalvular thrombi were evaluated using polar coordinate mapping. The average LSMD and CPF results correlated. For example, in one series of three calves, one ventricle exhibited significantly greater thrombogenesis than did the other ventricles, as indicated by both the LSMD and CPF results. In a series of five calves, one calf developed an abnormally high activated thromboplastin time (APTT), even in the absence of heparin. For two of the three ventricles tested in that calf, microemboli concentration (CPF), Factor XII activity, level of fibrin degradation products (FDP), and accumulated thrombus were significantly lower than for the other calves. The whole blood viscosity (WBV, at 230 s-1) in this calf also decreased to lower values than were seen with the other calves.