gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EARLY-RESPONSE BIOLOGICAL DOSIMETRY???RECOMMENDED COUNTERMEASURE ENHANCEMENTS FOR MASS-CASUALTY RADIOLOGICAL INCIDENTS AND TERRORISM (2005)

The effective medical management of a suspected acute radiation overexposure incident necessitates recording dynamic medical data, measuring appropriate radiation bioassays, and estimating dose from dosimeters and radioactivity assessments in order to provide diagnostic information to the treating physician and a dose assessment for personnel radiation protection records. The accepted generic multiparameter and early-response approach includes measuring radioactivity and monitoring the exposed individual; observing and recording prodromal signs/symptoms and erythema; obtaining complete blood counts with white blood cell differential; sampling blood for the chromosome-aberration cytogenetic bioassay using the "gold standard" dicentric assay (translocation assay for long times after exposure) for dose assessment; bioassay sampling, if appropriate, to determine radioactivity contamination; and using other available dosimetry approaches. In the event of a radiological mass-casualty incident, current national resources need to be enhanced to provide suitable dose assessment and medical triage and diagnoses. This capability should be broadly based and include stockpiling reagents and devices; establishing deployable (i.e., hematology and biodosimetry) laboratories and reference (i.e., cytogenetic biodosimetry, radiation bioassay) laboratories; networking qualified reference radioactivity-counting bioassay laboratories, cytogenetic biodosimetry, and deployable hematology laboratories with the medical responder community and national radiation protection program; and researching efforts to identify novel radiation biomarkers and develop applied biological dosimetry assays monitored with clinical, deployable, and hand-held analytical systems. These research and applied science efforts should ultimately contribute towards approved, regulated biodosimetry devices or diagnostic tests integrated into a national radioprotection program.
Role of Dietary Sphingolipids and Inhibitors of Sphingolipid Metabolism in Cancer and Other Diseases (1995)

Sphingolipids are found in all eukaryotic and some prokaryotic organisms and participate in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and diverse cell functions including cell-cell communication, cell-substratum interactions and intracellular signal transduction. Nonetheless, the field of nutrition has given scant attention to these compounds so that little is known about the following fundamental questions: What is the fate of sphingolipids that are consumed in food? Does consumption of dietary sphingolipids affect the behavior of cells in the gastrointestinal tract or other organs? How do other factors in the diet affect sphingolipid metabolism? Several recent findings underscore the importance of these questions, for examples: 1) Sphingolipids are digested throughout the GI tract to ceramide and sphingosine, which are highly bioactive compounds that affect cellular regulatory pathways; 2) addition of sphingomyelin to a standard AIN diet (which is essentially devoid of sphingolipids) reduces the appearance of aberrant colonic crypts, and perhaps the number of tumors, in mice treated with a colon carcinogen; and 3) an enzyme of sphingolipid metabolism has been discovered to be the target of a class of toxic and carcinogenic mycotoxins called fumonisins. Given these recent findings, it is possible that some of the confusion that has arisen regarding the relationships between dietary fat and disease might be due to the lack of consideration of the sphingolipids that are also present.
Application-dependent dynamic monitoring of distributed and parallel systems (1993)

Achieving high performance for parallel or distributed programs often requires substantial amounts of information about the programs themselves, about the systems on which they are executing, and about specific program runs. The monitoring system that collects, analyzes, and makes application-dependent monitoring information available to the programmer and to the executing program is presented. The system may be used for off-line program analysis, for on-line debugging, and for making on-line, dynamic changes to parallel or distributed programs to enhance their performance. The authors use a high-level, uniform data model for the representation of program information and monitoring data. They show how this model may be used for the specification of program views and attributes for monitoring, and demonstrate how such specifications can be translated into efficient, program-specific monitoring code that uses alternative mechanisms for the distributed analysis and collection to be performed for the specified views. The model's utility has been demonstrated on a wide variety of parallel machines.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Endometrial arteriogenesis: Vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and differentiation during the menstrual cycle and changes associated with endometrial bleeding disorders (2003)

The cyclical regrowth of the human endometrial vasculature every 28 days following menstruation provides an excellent opportunity for studying arteriogenesis in a human tissue. Despite this, very little has been published to date about temporal or spatial changes in endometrial arteriolar structure or function. Immunohistochemical studies using vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) differentiation markers have identified spatially organised differences in VSMC phenotype. However, these have not significantly increased our understanding of how or when arteriogenesis occurs. Endometrial VSMC proliferation continues at a steady rate throughout the cycle, increasing in the specialised spiral arterioles in the mid and late secretory phases. Although estrogen and progesterone play a dominant role in regulating endometrial growth and regression, their direct involvement in arteriogenesis is less clear. Estrogen and progesterone receptors have been reported in endometrial VSMC, although heterogeneity of expression occurs. The angiopoietin/Tie axis has been investigated in endometrium, although the results of 3 studies published to date are contradictory, making conclusions about a role in arteriogenesis problematic. Abnormalities of arteriogenesis may play a role in disorders such as menorrhagia and breakthrough bleeding in contraceptive and hormone replacement therapy users. There is evidence that VSMC proliferation is reduced in spiral arterioles of women with menorrhagia, along with reduced pulsatility index of the uterine artery as shown by Doppler ultrasound. In women taking progestin-only contraception, endometrial perivascular alpha smooth muscle actin is reduced in those who suffer from breakthrough bleeding compared to those that don't. Considerable work is still required to elucidate when in the cycle, where in the tissue, and what mechanisms regulate endometrial arteriogenesis.
Contribution of natural anticoagulant and fibrinolytic factors in modulating the clinical severity of haemophilia patients (2007)

The role of natural anticoagulants, fibrinolytic cascade factors and common prothrombotic gene polymorphisms in modulating disease severity were studied in 35 'clinically mild' and 37 'clinically severe' haemophilia patients with severe factor VIII or IX deficiency (<0.01 IU/ml). Strong association of deficiencies of proteins C and S, antithrombin III, tissue factor pathway inhibitor and tissue plasminogen activator, together with factor V Leiden and endothelial protein C receptor 23 bp insertion polymorphisms were observed in the 'clinically milder' group as compared with the 'clinically severe' group. These results indicate a synergistic modulation of bleeding tendency in haemophilia patients by factors in the anticoagulant and fibrinolytic systems.
Current and advancing treatments for metastatic colorectal cancer (2015)

Drugs targeting signaling pathways involved in tumorigenesis improve patient outcomes over chemotherapy alone. Determining the most suitable combination and sequence should be carefully selected, with studies yet to provide a definitive solution to this unknown. Molecular mechanisms of colorectal cancer are at the forefront of research. Knowledge in this domain will help overcome resistance to therapies and introduce new drugs in the personalized CRC therapeutic scenario.
Microfluidic devices for cell based high throughput screening (2009)

Cell based screening assays are increasingly used in drug discovery due to the physiological significance of the results and high content information obtained from them. Miniaturization of this format, currently carried out in microwell plates, is at its limit due to increased unnatural interaction of cells with walls inside micro-wells. In order to overcome this limitation, we present a new format for dynamically controlled, precise, spatial and temporal dosing of a continuous cell culture layer, using microfluidics. The device consists of a micropatterned nanoporous membrane layer that allows specific spatial locations in the continuous gel layer above, to be chemically addressed by external electric field through a microfluidic network below it. We demonstrate that the control of electric field across the nanoporous membrane leads to extremely precise dosing (approximately 50 microg accuracy). Spot sizes of 200 microm to 6 mm in diameter and inter-spot distances of 0.4-10 mm have been obtained. Microarray spot densities of 156 spots/cm(2) were obtained, which is five times higher than the densities used in current cell based assays. The capability of this method in handling small molecules, proteins and drugs is also demonstrated. This format of spatial dosing of continuous cell culture will enable further miniaturization of cell based assays and aid in high-throughput high-content screening.
High-Voltage Technology Based on Thin Layer SOI for Driving Plasma Display Panels (2008)

A novel high-voltage thin layer SOI technology based on 1-mum-thick silicon layer and 2-mum-thick buried oxide layer for driving color plasma display panels (PDP) has been developed. High-voltage pLDMOS with thick gate oxide, high- voltage nLDMOS, and low-voltage CMOS are compatible with LOCOS isolation. The proposed technology includes two aspects: first, an implantation after field oxide (IFO) technology is developed for achieving shallow junction depth of p-field region to avoid punch-through breakdown induced by back-gate (BG) effect of pLDMOS; second, conforming technology of isolation and oxidation is adopted for forming thick gate oxide of high-voltage pLDMOS, field oxide isolation of low-voltage CMOS, and full dielectric isolation between high-voltage and low-voltage CMOS simultaneously without additional mask and process. Compared with conventional technology of junction or trench isolation, the new high-voltage thin layer SOI technology achieves better process compatibility with lower process complexity and lower parasitic capacitance. A PDP data driver IC using the developed technology shows that the rise and fall times of the output stages are about 230 ns and 160 ns respectively under the supply voltage of 80 V and load capacitance of 50 pF.
The Credit Granting Decision (1970)

A series of probabilistic models are formulated for the credit granting policy of a firm. First, a single-period analysis is presented for the two-action problem, “give credit or do not give credit.” Then a multi-period analysis for the same problem is presented, showing that the single-period analysis ignores important future benefits. The multi-period analysis contains a Bayesian approach to revisions of the probability of collection as collection experience is gained. The multi-period analysis is modified by adding discounting to reflect the time value of money and a probability that the customer will cease purchasing. Next, a dynamic programming formulation of the multi-period problem is presented, and this formulation is then adapted to include a decision on how much credit to offer. The paper closes with a series of remarks concerning the practical application of the analysis.
Response of relatively refractory canine myocardium to monophasic and biphasic shocks. (1991)

These results indicated that waveform selection for defibrillation should not be guided solely by the ability of the waveform to stimulate tissue, as these two properties can be discordant.
Phase Inversion in Polylactide/Soybean Oil Blends Compatibilized by Poly(isoprene-<i>b</i>-lactide) Block Copolymers (2009)

Renewable composites were prepared by melt blending of polylactide and soybean oil. The blend morphology was tuned by the addition of poly(isoprene-b-lactide) block copolymers. Due to the extreme difference in the viscosities of soybean oil and polylactide, a critical block copolymer composition was found to induce a phase inversion point at which the minor soybean oil phase became the matrix surrounding polylactide particles. This transition was due to the thermodynamic interactions between the block copolymer and the two phases and shear forces acting on the mixture during blending. The size of the soybean oil droplets in the polylactide matrix was also highly dependent on the block copolymer composition. In binary polylactide/soybean oil blends, there was a limiting concentration of soybean oil that could be incorporated into the polylactide matrix (6% of the total blend weight), which could be increased up to 20% by the addition of block copolymers.
Immunomodulatory drug FTY720 induces regulatory CD4+CD25+ T cells<i>in vitro</i> (2009)

As a novel immunosuppressant, FTY720 (2-amino-2-(2-[4-octylphenyl] ethyl)-1, 3-propanediol hydrochloride) has been used to prevent the allograft rejection in organ transplantation. FTY720 can prolong markedly survival of the allograft by inducing apoptosis of reactive lymphocytes and by redirecting the homing of lymphocytes. However, as the archetype of a new class of immune modulators, the potential effect of FTY720 on the immune response needs to be elucidated further. In this study, FTY720 was added into the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) consisting of murine splenocytes from BALB/c and C57BL/6, to observe its direct effect on the induction of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells. It was demonstrated that the proportion of CD4(+)CD25(+) and CD4(+)CD25(+)forkhead box P3 (FoxP3)(+) T cells in MLR were increased significantly by FTY720 treatment, and the expression of FoxP3 mRNA in lymphocytes was also enhanced markedly by the drug. A synergetic effect was observed between FTY720 and co-stimulation blockades. Moreover, analysis of the function of FTY720-treated cells manifested an increased suppressive activity in an in vitro antigen-specific proliferation assay. In conclusion, FTY720 can increase the number and enhance the functional activity of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells in MLR, and these FTY720-treated cells possess the activity to down-regulate the alloreactivity of lymphocytes, indicating its potential use for therapeutic purposes.
Deformation estimation of an elastic object by partial observation using a neural network (2017)

Deformation estimation of elastic object assuming an internal organ is important for the computer navigation of surgery. The aim of this study is to estimate the deformation of an entire three-dimensional elastic object using displacement information of very few observation points. A learning approach with a neural network was introduced to estimate the entire deformation of an object. We applied our method to two elastic objects; a rectangular parallelepiped model, and a human liver model reconstructed from computed tomography data. The average estimation error for the human liver model was 0.041 mm when the object was deformed up to 66.4 mm, from only around 3 % observations. These results indicate that the deformation of an entire elastic object can be estimated with an acceptable level of error from limited observations by applying a trained neural network to a new deformation.
The White Nails of Old Age (1982)

Nail changes similar to those reported by Terry and Lindsay were defined in an elderly inpatient population. Two hundred fifty-eight patients were studied, and an overall incidence of 19 per cent was found. There was no significant difference between men and women. The only significant correlations in this study were with osteoporosis and thin skin. Eight men with nail changes were compared with seven men without such changes by calculating the metacarpal index of cortical bone mass. The index was much lower in patients with nail changes (t = 2.64; P less than 0.01). All patients with nail changes had thin skin. No correlations were found with serum albumin, liver function, or kidney function. These nail changes are less frequent in the "less frail" elderly living in the community. Changes of the Terry type are common in children but disappear by early adult life. It is suggested that the nail changes are age-related phenomena and that they may reflect an underlying disturbance of collagen being manifested as changes in the nail bed, skin, and bone.
Effects of tenascin-C on normal and diabetic retinal endothelial cells in culture. (2002)

TN-C was overexpressed in diabetic and DR REC cultures. TN-C enhanced the sprouting, migratory, and survival effects of angiogenic GFs, and had distinct proliferative, migratory, and protective capacities. The data suggest that TN-C may act as a proangiogenic mediator in DR and other pathologic conditions involving neovascularization.
A scalable switch architecture for ultra-large IP and lambda switch routers (2003)

Internet traffic growth and the growing variety of Internet applications require Internet backbone networks to be scalable and have sophisticated quality of service capabilities. Internet backbone routers have evolved to have sub-Tbps switching capacity in a single unit but their switch architectures have limited scalability, degrading their quality of service degrade, as the switches get bigger. This paper proposes a scalable switch architecture for ultra-large-scale switch routers. The system structure of the proposed backbone switch router is described and the requirements for the switching capabilities for near future demands are clarified. The new switch architecture using crossbar-based switching fabrics and optical interconnection devices allows a backbone switch router scale up to 82 Tbps, enabling light path switching as well as packet switching. The routing tag and its usage algorithm in the switch and the packaging issues, including the hardware quantities, are also discussed.
Private Two-Party Cluster Analysis Made Formal & Scalable (2019)

Machine Learning (ML) is widely used for predictive tasks in numerous important applications---most successfully, in the context of collaborative learning, where a plurality of entities contribute their own datasets to jointly deduce global ML models. Despite its efficacy, this new learning paradigm fails to encompass critical application domains, such as healthcare and security analytics, that involve learning over highly sensitive data, wherein privacy risks limit entities to individually deduce local models using solely their own datasets. 
In this work, we present the first comprehensive study for privacy-preserving collaborative hierarchical clustering, overall featuring scalable cryptographic protocols that allow two parties to safely perform cluster analysis over their combined sensitive datasets. For this problem at hand, we introduce a formal security notion that achieves the required balance between intended accuracy and privacy and presents a class of two-party hierarchical clustering protocols that guarantee strong privacy protection, provable in our new security model. Crucially, our solution employs modular design and judicious use of cryptography to achieve high degrees of efficiency and extensibility. Specifically, we extend our core protocol to obtain two secure variants that significantly improve performance, an optimized variant for single-linkage clustering and a scalable approximate variant. Finally, we provide a prototype implementation of our approach and experimentally evaluate its feasibility and efficiency on synthetic and real datasets, obtaining encouraging results. For example, end-to-end execution of our secure approximate protocol, over 1M 10-dimensional records, completes in 35 sec, transferring only 896KB and achieving 97.09% accuracy.
Pharmacokinetics of melatonin in human sexual maturation. (1996)

To determine whether melatonin pharmacokinetics change during puberty, we infused melatonin iv in 9 prepubertal, 8 pubertal, and 16 adult subjects and measured melatonin in serum and saliva, and 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate in urine. A pilot study of 3 adult males showed dose linearity, absence of saturation kinetics, and unaltered metabolism and urinary excretion for doses of 0.1, 0.5, and 5.0 micrograms/kg. All other subjects received 0.5 microgram/kg melatonin. The results of pharmacokinetic parameters calculated from serum melatonin showed no significant gender differences in adults. However, developmental differences were significant between prepubertal children and adults for terminal elimination rate constant (1.08 +/- 0.25 vs. 0.89 +/- 0.11 h-1), elimination half-life (0.67 +/- 0.12 vs. 0.79 +/- 0.10 h), and area under the concentration-time curve (250.9 +/- 91.8 vs. 376.9 +/- 154.3 (pg/mL).h, respectively). At all time points melatonin levels were higher in serum than in saliva, and the ratio between serum and salivary melatonin varied up to 55-fold within and between individuals. Results based on salivary melatonin showed significant differences between prepubertal children and adults for the terminal elimination rate constant (1.90 +/- 0.95 vs. 1.06 +/- 0.28 h-1). The described group differences in pharmacokinetic parameters suggest that prepubertal children metabolize melatonin faster than adults. The inconsistent ratio between serum and salivary melatonin calls for caution in the use of salivary melatonin for pharmacokinetic studies or to infer pineal function. The present findings, suggestive of faster melatonin metabolism in prepubertal children, combined with the known decline of serum melatonin with age and higher excretion rate of the metabolite in prepubertal children lead us to conclude that the prepubertal pineal gland has a higher melatonin secretion rate than the adult gland.
A biodegradable hydrogel extracted from okara: Potential in application as wearable sensor (2020)

A biodegradable and non-toxicity hydrogel derived from the extracted okara cellulose and its potential application as wearable sensor were evaluated. Physical properties, biodegradability, and cytotoxicity were determined to characterize the okara cellulose and okara cellulose hydrogels. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy shows the extracted cellulose is pure without protein, lipids, hemicellulose, and lignin. Porous structure can be found on the fracture surface of okara cellulose hydrogels from scanning electron microscope. The tensile strain at fracture of the okara cellulose hydrogel can reach to 98.2% in the case of 0.7 molar ratio of epichlorohydrin (ECH) to anhydroglucose units (AGU). No hydrogel residue can be found after burying in the soil for 28 days, indicating its good biodegradability. Three different dilutions of hydrogel extract expressed no cytotoxicity on NIH3T3 cells according to MTT assay. Application test shows that the resistance change ratio of okara cellulose hydrogel can be 20% when the finger and wrist bending to 90 degree as a wearable sensor, which implies the feasibility of new material made from okara. This research discloses its enlightenment to the comprehensive utilization of food by-products.