gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of 16-unsaturated steroids by elimination of 17.alpha.-acyloxyl (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of 16-unsaturated steroids by elimination of 17.alpha.-acyloxylLudwig Salce, George G. Hazen, and Erwin F. SchoenewaldtCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 5, 1681–1682Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00830a095https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00830a095research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views166Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
GUARDS: a generic upgradable architecture for real-time dependable systems (1999)

The development and validation of fault-tolerant computers for critical real-time applications are currently both costly and time consuming. Often, the underlying technology is out-of-date by the time the computers are ready for deployment. Obsolescence can become a chronic problem when the systems in which they are embedded have lifetimes of several decades. This paper gives an overview of the work carried out in a project that is tackling the issues of cost and rapid obsolescence by defining a generic fault-tolerant computer architecture based essentially on commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components (both processor hardware boards and real-time operating systems). The architecture uses a limited number of specific, but generic, hardware and software components to implement an architecture that can be configured along three dimensions: redundant channels, redundant lanes, and integrity levels. The two dimensions of physical redundancy allow the definition of a wide variety of instances with different fault tolerance strategies. The integrity level dimension allows application components of different levels of criticality to coexist in the same instance. The paper describes the main concepts of the architecture, the supporting environments for development and validation, and the prototypes currently being implemented.
A Review of Plant Embryo Culture (1994)

Departme Tusa, N., J.W. Grosser, and F.G. Gmitter, Jr. 1990. Plant regeneration of ‘Valencia’ sweet orange, ‘Femminello’ lemon, and the interspecific somatic hybrid following protoplast fusion. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 115:1043– 1046. Vardi, A., P. Arzee-Gonen, A. Frydman-Shani, and S. Bleichman. 1989. Protoplast fusion mediated transfer of organelles from Microcitrus and Citrus and regeneration of novel alloplasmic trees. Theor. Applied Genet. 78:741–747. Vardi, A., A. Breiman, and E. Galun. 1987. Citrus cybrids: Production by donor–recipient protoplast-fusion and verification by mitochondrial-DNA restriction profiles. Theor. Applied Genet. 75:51–58. Vardi, A. and E. Galun. 1988. Recent advances in protoplast culture of horticultural crops: Citrus. Scientia Hort. 37:217–230. Vardi, A., P. Spiegel-Roy, and E. Galun. 1982. Plant regeneration from Citrus protoplasts: Variability in methodological requirements among cultivars and species. Theor. Applied Genet. 62:171–176.
Furin Is the Major Processing Enzyme of the Cardiac-specific Growth Factor Bone Morphogenetic Protein 10 (2011)

Bone morphogenetic protein 10 (BMP10) is a member of the TGF-β superfamily and plays a critical role in heart development. In the postnatal heart, BMP10 is restricted to the right atrium. The inactive pro-BMP10 (∼60 kDa) is processed into active BMP10 (∼14 kDa) by an unknown protease. Proteolytic cleavage occurs at the RIRR(316)↓ site (human), suggesting the involvement of proprotein convertase(s) (PCs). In vitro digestion of a 12-mer peptide encompassing the predicted cleavage site with furin, PACE4, PC5/6, and PC7, showed that furin cleaves the best, whereas PC7 is inactive on this peptide. Ex vivo studies in COS-1 cells, a cell line lacking PC5/6, revealed efficient processing of pro-BMP10 by endogenous PCs other than PC5/6. The lack of processing of overexpressed pro-BMP10 in the furin- and PACE4-deficient cell line, CHO-FD11, and in furin-deficient LoVo cells, was restored by stable (CHO-FD11/Fur cells) or transient (LoVo cells) expression of furin. Use of cell-permeable and cell surface inhibitors suggested that endogenous PCs process pro-BMP10 mostly intracellularly, but also at the cell surface. Ex vivo experiments in mouse primary hepatocytes (wild type, PC5/6 knock-out, and furin knock-out) corroborated the above findings that pro-BMP10 is a substrate for endogenous furin. Western blot analyses of heart right atria extracts from wild type and PACE4 knock-out adult mice showed no significant difference in the processing of pro-BMP10, implying no in vivo role of PACE4. Overall, our in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo data suggest that furin is the major convertase responsible for the generation of BMP10.
Up-regulation of Expression of the <i>Ubiquitin Carboxyl-Terminal Hydrolase L1</i> Gene in Human Airway Epithelium of Cigarette Smokers (2006)

Neuroendocrine differentiation is a common feature of lung cancer and increased numbers of neuroendocrine cells and their peptides have been described in chronic smokers. To understand the effects of cigarette smoking on the gene expression profile of neuroendocrine cells, microarray analysis with TaqMan confirmation was used to assess airway epithelial samples obtained by fiberoptic bronchoscopy from 81 individuals [normal nonsmokers, normal smokers, smokers with early chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), and smokers with established COPD]. Of 11 genes considered to be neuroendocrine cell specific, only ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1), a member of the ubiquitin proteasome pathway, was consistently up-regulated in smokers compared with nonsmokers. Up-regulation of UCHL1 at the protein level was observed with immunohistochemical analysis of bronchial biopsies of smokers compared with nonsmokers. UCHL1 expression was evident only in neuroendocrine cells of the airway epithelium in nonsmokers; however, UCHL1 was also expressed in ciliated epithelial cells in smokers. This observation may add further weight to recent observations that ciliated cells are capable of transdifferentiating to other airway epithelial cells. In the context that UCHL1 is involved in the degradation of unwanted, misfolded, or damaged proteins within the cell and is overexpressed in >50% of lung cancers, its overexpression in chronic smokers may represent an early event in the complex transformation from normal epithelium to overt malignancy.
Activation of Human Pancreatic Lipase Activity by Calcium and Bile Salts (1982)

We examined the effects of calcium, bile salts and colipase, a protein cofactor, on pancreatic lipase purified from human duodenal juice. It was found that 10% gum acacia, used as a stabilizer of triglyceride emulsions, was contaminated with a high concentration of calcium—between 14 and 20 m m . Olive oil stabilized with gelatin was used as a substrate to decrease the calcium content in the reaction mixture. The activity of duodenal juice and pancreatic extracts was inhibited by 50% with 10 μM EGTA. Ca 2+ activated pancreatic lipase, irrespective of the presence of bile salts plus colipase. The apparent Ka for Ca 2+ was calculated to be 10 μm and this was not affected by colipase and bile salts. However, maximal activation by Ca 2+ required both bile salts and colipase. Ca 2+ increased Vmax of the reaction and decreased the apparent K m for the substrate in the presence of both colipase and bile salts. However, no binding of 45 Ca to colipase was demonstrated. High concentrations of bile salts inhibited the activity in the presence of either colipase or Ca 2+ , while in the presence of both colipase and Ca 2+ a marked activation by bile salts was observed. Colipase by itself also activated lipase. We conclude from the present experiments that the activity of human pancreatic lipase is regulated by three effectors; Ca 2+ , bile salts and colipase, which may enhance each other's efficiency in the enzyme activation. In addition, we suggest that an activation rather than an inhibition of pancreatic lipase by bile salts is more significant physiologically, because it is well-known that bile salts play an important role in fat absorption in the intestine.
Rapid, efficient regeneration of steroidal ketones from thioacetals by periodic acid (1980)

J. Cairns and R. T. Logan, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1980, 886 DOI: 10.1039/C39800000886
Health visitors' interprofessional working experiences: Implications for their collaborative public health role (2013)

Interprofessional working is key to delivering positive public health outcomes and reducing health inequalities, which requires a whole system effort. Health visitors are key public health practitioners who can make a significant contribution to interprofessional teams working with individuals, families and communities to improve public health. However, interprofessional relationships in a health visiting context are not well understood. This paper presents data from a larger grounded theory study reported elsewhere ( Machin et al, 2012 ), which included evidence of health visitors' interprofessional interactions. Theoretical sampling resulted in 20 interviews and 10 observations from 17 health visitors in different work roles, in 2 community health-care organisations. The category ‘interprofessional working’ emerged from constant comparative analysis as one of four key data categories. Lack of role awareness and role overlap were identified as factors affecting the health visitors' interprofessional working relationships with doctors, nurses, nursery nurses and in interagency working. Interprofessional learning in health visitors' education and a health visitor commitment to workplace interaction with others, may improve clarity and awareness of their role, their experience and outcomes of their interprofessional public health working.
Effects of Δ40p53, an isoform of p53 lacking the N-terminus, on transactivation capacity of the tumor suppressor protein p53 (2013)

Δ40p53 modulates transcriptional activity by interfering with the binding of Hdm2 to hetero-tetramers containing both Δ40p53 and p53. These results provide a basis for growth suppressive effects in animal models co-expressing roughly similar levels of p53 and Δ40p53.
NM goes to China:4. (1977)

Participants in a Nursing Mirror sponsored tour of China spent a day at the Tsinan Hospital and Medical College. They were permitted to watch 3 operations performed under traditional anesthesia. A thyroidictomy and removal of an ovarian cyst were performed under herbal anesthesia, and an operation for cancer of the esophagus was performed with acupuncture anesthesia. The patients were conscious throughout the procedures and appeared to be confortable. The herbal anesthesia was made by combining a substance derived from thorn apple flowers with a muscle relaxant. These traditional methods of anesthesia permitted the patients to cooperate with the surgeon during the operation. The patients suffered no after effects from the anesthesia, and the group was told that recovery time was shorter than when Western forms of anesthesia were used. The tour group also visited the nurses' training school and were informed that 1) there were 200 students currently enrolled in the school and 2) nursing training consisted of 1 1/2 years of academic work followed by 1/2 year of on the job training. The group discussed family planning services with hospital personnel and learned 1) IUD insertions were performed by trained midwives; 2) midwives conducted childbirth classes for pregnant women; 3) labor was induced primarily with herbal medicines; and 4) women were prepared to cope with labor pain through ideological education although acupuncture and pethidine were sometimes used to reduce pain.
Study of the RAFT Polymerization of a Water-Soluble Bisubstituted Acrylamide Derivative. 1. Influence of the Dithioester Structure (2002)

Homopolymers of N-acryloylmorpholine (NAM), a water-soluble bisubstituted acrylamide derivative, have been synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT). Several dithioesters were used as chain transfer agents: carboxymethyl dithiobenzoate (CMDB), tert-butyl dithiobenzoate (tBDB), menthonyl dithiobenzoate (MDB), and a bifunctional dithiobenzoate, 1,3-bis(2-(thiobenzoylthio)prop-2-yl)benzene (TPB). Whereas CMDB is a commercial reagent, tBDB and MDB were synthesized by a novel biphasic process based on a thioacylation reaction and leading to very high yields. The performances of the four dithiobenzoates were compared in term of kinetics and molecular weight distribution control. Very good control of NAM polymerization was obtained with tBDB and MDB, with a linear increase of Mn vs conversion over the whole conversion range and with polydispersity indices (PDI) below 1.1, as determined by aqueous size exclusion chromatography with on-line light scattering detection. In addition, a degradation phenomenon of the dithioester functions was evidenced during the course of the polymerization, correlated with a Mn vs conversion curve leveling off and even sometimes decreasing above 80% conversion. Such observations were assumed to be the consequence of the formation of side products in the polymerization media, subsequently acting as nondegradative irreversible transfer agents.
Inhibitory Effect of Antineoplaston A10 and AS2-1 on Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. (1996)

Antineoplastons, first described by Burzynski, are naturally occurring peptides and amino acid derivatives which control neoplastic growth. Antineoplaston A10 (3-pehnylacetylamino-2,6-piperidinedion) is the first chemically identified antineoplastons and when it is administered orally it is hydrolysed in pancreatic juice to phenylactylglutamine and phenylacetylisoglutamine in the ration of 4 to 1. These metabolites are water soluble and have antitumor effect, they are further degraded to pehnylacetic acid. The mixture of phenylacetylglutamine and phenylacetylisoglutamine in the ratio of 4 to 1 was formulated as Antineoplaston A10 injectable formulation. The mixture of phenylacetylglutamine and phenylacetic acid in the ratio of 1 to 4 was also shown to have antitumor effect in tissue culture study, then formulated as Antineoplaston AS2-1. The reported cytostatic inhibitory effect of A10 on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and differentiation inducing effect of AS2-1 on various tumor cells suggest potential benefit for the treatment of human hepatocellular carcinoma since this tumor recurs frequently despite initial successful treatment. We report here the effects of Antineoplaston A10 and AS2-1 on cell proliferation, cell morphology, cell cycle, and DNA in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Both agents inhibited cell proliferation and increased the number of cells in G0 and G1 phases and Antineoplaston AS2-1 induced apoptosis, we also describe our clinical experience of a hepatocellula carcinoma (HCC) patient whose tumor, after incomplete trancathere arterial embolization (TAE) for a 7cm 7cm HCC, has been stable for more than 15 months during which time he has been taking Antineoplaston AS2-1 continuously without any serious adverse effects.
An Entity-centric Approach for Overcoming Knowledge Graph Sparsity (2015)

Automatic construction of knowledge graphs (KGs) from unstructured text has received considerable attention in recent research, resulting in the construction of several KGs with millions of entities (nodes) and facts (edges) among them. Unfortunately, such KGs tend to be severely sparse in terms of number of facts known for a given entity, i.e., have low knowledge density. For example, the NELL KG consists of only 1.34 facts per entity. Unfortunately, such low knowledge density makes it challenging to use such KGs in real-world applications. In contrast to best-effort extraction paradigms followed in the construction of such KGs, in this paper we argue in favor of ENTIty Centric Expansion (ENTICE), an entity-centric KG population framework, to alleviate the low knowledge density problem in existing KGs. By using ENTICE, we are able to increase NELL's knowledge density by a factor of 7.7 at 75.5% accuracy. Additionally, we are also able to extend the ontology discovering new relations and entities.
Decision Directed Estimation of Threshold Voltage Distribution in NAND Flash Memory (2014)

High-density NAND flash memory suffers from the data retention problem because even small charge leakage incurs a large threshold voltage shift as the transistor size shrinks. In this paper, we develop a decision directed estimation (DDE) algorithm to know the effects of charge leakage in NAND flash memory using the error pattern of the accessed data. While the conventional sensing directed estimation (SDE) method demands extra memory sensing to know the signal distribution, the proposed DDE algorithm induces no sensing overheads. The proposed algorithm approximates the threshold voltage distribution as a Gaussian mixture and also assumes that the increase of standard deviation is linearly proportional to the amount of mean shift. Since the threshold voltage distribution in real devices is not a perfect Gaussian mixture, we conduct error analysis of the proposed algorithm to examine the sources of estimation errors and quantify their impact on the estimation accuracy. We also present a combined estimation scheme that employs the DDE and the SDE algorithms to minimize the number of memory sensing operations while maintaining high estimation accuracy. The developed algorithm is applied to both simulated and real NAND flash memory, and the estimation errors are measured.
Cell contact and positional communication in hydra (1979)

Positional communication and the functional coupling of muscular reflexes were examined in grafted hydra. A head and distal gastric region inhibited head regeneration by a host sub-hypostome within 4--5 h of grafting. Functionally coupled pathways which indicated the presence of gap junctions also formed between graft and host during this time. It is suggested that gap junctions provide a channel for positional communication.
ABACUS: An Auction-Based Approach to Cloud Service Differentiation (2013)

The emergence of the cloud computing paradigm has greatly enabled innovative service models, such as Platform as a Service (PaaS), and distributed computing frameworks, such as Map Reduce. However, most existing cloud systems fail to distinguish users with different preferences, or jobs of different natures. Consequently, they are unable to provide service differentiation, leading to inefficient allocations of cloud resources. Moreover, contentions on the resources exacerbate this inefficiency, when prioritizing crucial jobs is necessary, but impossible. Motivated by this, we propose Abacus, a generic resource management framework addressing this problem. Abacus interacts with users through an auction mechanism, which allows users to specify their priorities using budgets, and job characteristics via utility functions. Based on this information, Abacus computes the optimal allocation and scheduling of resources. Meanwhile, the auction mechanism in Abacus possesses important properties including incentive compatibility (i.e., the users' best strategy is to simply bid their true budgets and job utilities) and monotonicity (i.e., users are motivated to increase their budgets in order to receive better services). In addition, when the user is unclear about her utility function, Abacus automatically learns this function based on statistics of her previous jobs. An extensive set of experiments, running on Hadoop, demonstrate the high performance and other desirable properties of Abacus.
Angiogenesis is controlled by miR-27b associated with endothelial tip cells (2012)

In this issue of Blood , Biyashev and colleagues report their findings about the critical role of miR-27b in controlling endothelial tip cell fate, branching and venous specification through down-regulation of the newly described miR-27b targets, Spry2 and Dll4.[1][1]

Angiogenesis is a fundamental
Changes in properties of GaN blue light-emitting diodes over time (1986)

Electrical conduction tests of metal-insulator-semiconductor(MIS)-structure GaN blue light-emitting diodes have been performed. Samples in which the emission intensity improved over time and samples in which the emission intensity degraded with time were observed. The pattern of change in both types was studied by measuring the device properties. Degradation of emission intensity was seen to be caused by changes in the emission and electron injection mechanism. Reference was made to the action of Zn in the I-S region.
Multisensor data fusion for impact-echo testing of concrete structures (2012)

Based on the investigation of spatial variations of impact-echo signals for different source and receiver locations, a simple multisensor data fusion strategy is proposed to increase the accuracy of nondestructive evaluation of concrete structures using the impact-echo test. The data fusion strategy fuses the ratios between spectral amplitudes of the delamination and concrete bottom echo signals (D/B ratios) from multiple source–receiver arrays. The fused D/B ratios demonstrate different characteristics for test locations above the delamination, above the sound concrete, and across the delamination boundary. These characteristics can be used to accurately locate the delamination and its boundaries without increasing testing time. The applicability of the multisensor data fusion for impact-echo testing is validated using both numerical simulation and experimental testings.
Low-effort high-performance viterbi-based receiver for Bluetooth LE applications (2013)

This paper presents a novel demodulator architecture which significantly improves the receiver performance for continuous phase modulation (CPM) signals with low-effort and low-complexity design. A Viterbi algorithm (VA) based soft decision is implemented with multiple bits differential discriminator to fully utilize the dynamical range. The whole digital circuit is verified and synthesized in ASICs, and its BER performance against channel noise is measured through FPGA with the Bluetooth receiver chip. Compared to hard-decision and decision feedback equalizer (DFE) methods, measurement results show that the proposed demodulator gains a large advantage in Bluetooth Low Energy (LE) communications where power efficiency and implementation complexity are of primary concern.