gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimation of raindrop size distribution using multiple wavelength radar systems (1974)

The possible use of multiple wavelength radar systems to determine raindrop size distributions is examined. Pairs of radars at 1, 3, and 10 cm, respectively, are considered; the method involves measurements of rain reflectivities at two wavelength and at two range intervals separated by about one km. Assuming a general exponential form for the drop distribution, equations are derived relating the distribution parameters to the measurements. From these analytical forms the sensitivities of these parameters to radar inaccuracies are examined. The results show that one needs combined 2‐radar accuracies of 1 dB to get even marginal drop distribution accuracies. Such accuracies are considered impractical at present. Other impractical constraints implicit in the results are the assumed uniformity of reflectivity over distances of approximately 1 km, and the requirement to average as many as 10 4 independent power samples.
Remote detection of nitroaromatic explosives in soil using distributed sensor particles (2001)

Environmental fate and transport studies of explosives in soil indicate that 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and similar products such as dinitrotoluene (DNT) are major contributors to the trace chemical signature emanating from buried landmines. Chemical analysis methods are under development that have great potential to detect mines, or to rapidly classify electromagnetically detected anomalies as mines vs. 'mine-like objects'. However, these chemical methods are currently confined to point sensors. In contrast, we have developed a method that can remotely determine the presence of nitroaromatic explosives in surface soil. This method utilizes a novel distributed granular sensor approach in combination with uv-visible fluorescence LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology. We have produced prototype sensor particles that combine sample preconcentration, explosives sensing, signal amplification, and optical signal output functions. These particles can be sprayed onto soil areas that are suspected of explosives contamination. By design, the fluorescence emission spectrum of the distributed particles is strongly affected by absorption of nitroaromatic explosives from the surrounding environment. Using ~1mg/cm2 coverage of the sensor particles on natural soil, we have observed significant spectral changes due to TNT concentrations in the ppm range (mg TNT/kg soil) on 2-inch diameter targets at a standoff distance of 0.5 km.
Off-axis electric field of a ring of charge (2006)

We consider the electric field produced by a charged ring and develop analytical expressions for the electric field based on intuition developed from numerical experiments. Our solution involves the approximation of elliptic integrals. Problems are suggested for an arbitrarily charged ring.
Low Complexity Two Classes Gauss Weighting Filter For Noise Reduction In Mobile Received Analog Tv Signals (2005)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Antalya, Turkey, 2005
Reminiscing Psychotherapy with Aging People (1982)

Reminiscing is the process of remembering one's past, either verbally or internally. Time and the individual's selective processes influence what it remembered and how the memories are evoked. Although reminiscing starts around age 10 and persists throughout life, when aging people reflect on the past the behavior often is regarded as a sign of increasing mental deterioration. Some older people avoid reflecting on the past to prevent being labeled "senile." However, some clinical investigators have found reminiscing beneficial. In 1963 Butler wrote that the elderly psychiatric patients he observed engaged spontaneously in reminiscing and what he termed the "life review." He assumed the life review to be a normal, developmental phenomenon triggered by the person's realization of impending personal death. Potential benefits included resolution of old conflicts, personality reorganization, and restoration of meaning in the individual's life. Studying reminiscenses of aging persons who came from various settings, clinical investigators examined Butler's original ideas and noted other findings. Descriptions of the memories of older people without psychiatric illness demonstrate that some reminiscing is simple story-telling and glorification of the past in addition to life review. However, most investigators believed that remembering the past helped aging people personally and socially. Relationships between the content of memories and present conflicts were explored, and individual and group therapeutic approaches with aging people were designed to encourage reminiscing. Reminiscence provides unique opportunities for clients and therapists to have positive growth experiences.
Cloning and functional expression of cDNAs encoding human and rat pancreatic polypeptide receptors. (1996)

PCR was used to isolate nucleotide sequences that may encode novel members of the neuropeptide Y receptor family. By use of a PCR product as a hybridization probe, a full-length human cDNA was isolated that encodes a 375-aa protein with a predicted membrane topology identifying it as a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily. After stable transfection of the cDNA into human embryonic kidney 293 cells, the receptor exhibited high affinity (Kd = 2.8 nM) for 125I-labeled human pancreatic polypeptide (PP). Competition binding studies in whole cells indicated the following rank order of potency: human PP = bovine PP > or = human [Pro34]peptide YY > rat PP > human peptide YY = human neuropeptide Y. Northern blot analysis revealed that human PP receptor mRNA is most abundantly expressed in skeletal muscle and, to a lesser extent, in lung and brain tissue. A rat cDNA clone encoding a high-affinity PP receptor that is 74% identical to the human PP receptor at the amino acid level was also isolated. These receptor clones will be useful in elucidating the functional role of PP and designing selective PP receptor agonists and antagonists.
Biologic pathways associated with relapse in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a Children's Oncology Group study (2006)

Outcome for children with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who relapse is poor. To gain insight into the mechanisms of relapse, we analyzed gene-expression profiles in 35 matched diagnosis/relapse pairs as well as 60 uniformly treated children at relapse using the Affymetrix platform. Matched-pair analyses revealed significant differences in the expression of genes involved in cell-cycle regulation, DNA repair, and apoptosis between diagnostic and early-relapse samples. Many of these pathways have been implicated in tumorigenesis previously and are attractive targets for intervention strategies. In contrast, no common pattern of changes was observed among late-relapse pairs. Early-relapse samples were more likely to be similar to their respective diagnostic sample while we noted greater divergence in gene-expression patterns among late-relapse pairs. Comparison of expression profiles of early- versus late-relapse samples indicated that early-relapse clones were characterized by overexpression of biologic pathways associated with cell-cycle regulation. These results suggest that early-relapse results from the emergence of a related clone, characterized by the up-regulation of genes mediating cell proliferation. In contrast, late relapse appears to be mediated by diverse pathways.
PERSPECTIVAS DE COLABORAÇÃO DA ENGENHARIA DE SOFTWARE PARA A GESTÃO DA INFORMAÇÃO E DO CONHECIMENTO (2005)

Modernas disciplinas gerenciais têm importantes perspectivas no atendimento às demandas das organizações. Dentre estas, pelas perspectivas de colaboração, são avaliadas a engenharia de software e a gestão de informação e do conhecimento, buscando-se nas definições conceituais e na observância de suas ações cotidianas e resultados possíveis, perspectivas de cooperação ao tratarem de acervos ou conteúdos estrategicamente importantes para as empresas.
A processor architecture for 3D graphics (1992)

The DLX/3DCP architecture that uses a method of parallel processing on 3-D vectors to overcome the problem of the large number of floating-point operations required in 3-D graphics which limits the performance of graphics systems is described. The architecture's design offers general-purpose programmability from the high-level object-oriented language C++ and generates performance expected only from dedicated special-purpose hardware. Results that show the architecture's performance on graphics operations are presented and compared to the performance of other RISC processors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characteristics of Polarized Electroluminescence from m-plane InGaN-based Light Emitting Diodes (2007)

Polarized electroluminescence (EL) from m-plane InGaN-based blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) has been investigated. These LEDs comprised a ZnO transparent electrode as an anode, polished mirror-like sidewalls, and a polished backside with the reflective mirror to remove the light scattering due to the surface roughness. The polarization ratio at room temperature was 0.80, which was relatively high compared to known values and was considered to be close to the true value. The reduction of the light scattering is essential for the accurate measurement of the polarized emission. The EL spectra from different three planes, i.e., m-, c-, and a-planes, have been measured. The peak energies of spectra polarized parallel to m-plane, emitted from a- and c-plane sidewalls, agree with the values of the two components emitted from top m-plane surface. The strongest component was E⊥c while the second strongest was E∥c. The E∥m component was extremely low compared with E∥c.
Expression of integrin alpha 10 is transcriptionally activated by pRb in mouse osteoblasts and is downregulated in multiple solid tumors (2013)

pRb is known as a classic cell cycle regulator whose inactivation is an important initiator of tumorigenesis. However, more recently, it has also been linked to tumor progression. This study defines a role for pRb as a suppressor of the progression to metastasis by upregulating integrin α10. Transcription of this integrin subunit is herein found to be pRb dependent in mouse osteoblasts. Classic pRb partners in cell cycle control, E2F1 and E2F3, do not repress transcription of integrin α10 and phosphorylation of pRb is not necessary for activation of the integrin α10 promoter. Promoter deletion revealed a pRb-responsive region between -108 bp to -55 bp upstream of the start of the site of transcription. pRb activation of transcription also leads to increased levels of integrin α10 protein and a greater concentration of the integrin α10 protein at the cell membrane of mouse osteoblasts. These higher levels of integrin α10 correspond to increased binding to collagen substrate. Consistent with our findings in mouse osteoblasts, we found that integrin α10 is significantly underexpressed in multiple solid tumors that have frequent inactivation of the pRb pathway. Bioinformatically, we identified data consistent with an 'integrin switch' that occurs in multiple solid tumors consisting of underexpression of integrins α7, α8, and α10 with concurrent overexpression of integrin β4. pRb promotes cell adhesion by inducing expression of integrins necessary for cell adhesion to a substrate. We propose that pRb loss in solid tumors exacerbates aggressiveness by debilitating cellular adhesion, which in turn facilitates tumor cell detachment and metastasis.
Ejaculation‐retarding properties of paroxetine in patients with primary premature ejaculation: a double‐blind, randomized, dose‐response study (1997)

The daily use of 20 mg paroxetine may be considered as an adequate treatment for primary premature ejaculation. Increasing the dose may lead to a further increase in ejaculation latency.
Lifetime sedentary living accelerates some aspects of secondary aging (2011)

Lifetime physical inactivity interacts with secondary aging (i.e., aging caused by diseases and environmental factors) in three patterns of response. First, lifetime physical inactivity confers no apparent effects on a given set of physiological functions. Second, lifetime physical inactivity accelerates secondary aging (e.g., speeding the reduction in bone mineral density, maximal oxygen consumption, and skeletal muscle strength and power), but does not alter the primary aging of these systems. Third, a lifetime of physical activity to the age of ∼60-70 yr old totally prevents decrements in some age-associated risk factors for major chronic diseases, such as endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance. The present review provides ample and compelling evidence that physical inactivity has a large impact in shortening average life expectancy. In summary, physical inactivity plays a major role in the secondary aging of many essential physiological functions, and this aging can be prevented through a lifetime of physical activity.
A Survey on Knowledge Graph-Based Recommender Systems (2020)

To solve the information explosion problem and enhance user experience in various online applications, recommender systems have been developed to model users preferences. Although numerous efforts have been made toward more personalized recommendations, recommender systems still suffer from several challenges, such as data sparsity and cold start. In recent years, generating recommendations with the knowledge graph as side information has attracted considerable interest. Such an approach can not only alleviate the abovementioned issues for a more accurate recommendation, but also provide explanations for recommended items. In this paper, we conduct a systematical survey of knowledge graph-based recommender systems. We collect recently published papers in this field and summarize them from two perspectives. On the one hand, we investigate the proposed algorithms by focusing on how the papers utilize the knowledge graph for accurate and explainable recommendation. On the other hand, we introduce datasets used in these works. Finally, we propose several potential research directions in this field.
3D simulation of wind turbine rotors at full scale. Part II: Fluid–structure interaction modeling with composite blades (2010)

Abstract In this two‐part paper, we present a collection of numerical methods combined into a single framework, which has the potential for a successful application to wind turbine rotor modeling and simulation. In Part 1 of this paper we focus on: 1. The basics of geometry modeling and analysis‐suitable geometry construction for wind turbine rotors; 2. The fluid mechanics formulation and its suitability and accuracy for rotating turbulent flows; 3. The coupling of air flow and a rotating rigid body. In Part 2, we focus on the structural discretization for wind turbine blades and the details of the fluid–structure interaction computational procedures. The methods developed are applied to the simulation of the NREL 5MW offshore baseline wind turbine rotor. The simulations are performed at realistic wind velocity and rotor speed conditions and at full spatial scale. Validation against published data is presented and possibilities of the newly developed computational framework are illustrated on several examples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prescribing cascade. A proposed new way to evaluate it. (2017)

Prescribing cascade is defined as the situation in which a first drug administered to a patient causes adverse event signs and symptoms, that are misinterpreted as a new condition, resulting in a new medication being prescribed. The cascade may have multiple steps and differ in complexity and severity. Despite being well identified, prescribing cascade is an increasingly common problem in medical practice. It constitutes a warning about irrational use of medicines that puts health at risk and increases treatment costs if it is not taken into account. In this article, representative cases taken from Hospital General de Agudos Dr. Cosme Argerich pharmacovigilance database were selected to assess a proper score and an algorithm that define the probable prescribing cascade.
Detection of amplitude-phase modulated signals over frequency nonselective Rayleigh fading channels with adaptive symbol-aided channel estimation (2002)

Narrowband terrestrial mobile communications can be modelled as signalling through frequency nonselective Rayleigh fading channels. Conventional differential detection of both M-ary differential phase shift keying (DPSK) and differential quadrature amplitude modulation (DQAM) signals results in an irreducible bit error floor. This error floor can be greatly reduced or even eliminated if coherent detection is employed through some means of channel estimation. In this paper, a maximum likelihood sequence estimation receiver for DPSK and DQAM is derived heuristically. Adaptive symbol-aided channel estimation that requires no a priori information about either the channel impulse response or the strength of the additive white Gaussian noise is used in reduced complexity receivers. An approximate method to evaluate the bit error performance is given for the simplest receiver, namely, the decision feedback receiver. Error performance is also evaluated by computer simulation for both the decision feedback receiver and the trellis search receivers using the Viterbi algorithm.
Age‐ and Infection Intensity–Dependent Cytokine and Antibody Production in Human Trichuriasis: The Importance of IgE (2002)

The cytokine and antibody response to Trichuris trichiura infection was determined for 96 persons living in an area where the parasite is highly endemic and infection exhibits a convex age intensity profile. In response to stimulation with T. trichiura antigen, a small proportion of the study group produced interleukin (IL)-4 (7%), IL-9 (5%), and IL-13 (17%). A larger proportion produced IL-10 (97%), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha (93%), and interferon (IFN)-gamma (32%). The levels of TNF-alpha (P =.016) and IFN-gamma (P =.012) significantly increased with age, suggesting a switch to a more chronic infection phenotype. The predominant parasite-specific antibodies produced were IgG1, IgG4, IgA, and IgE. Unlike the IgG subclasses and IgA, parasite-specific IgE correlated negatively with infection intensity, as defined by egg output (P =.008), and positively with host age (P =.010). These findings suggest a mixed cytokine response in trichuriasis and an IgE-associated level of protection.
Developing inhaled protein therapeutics for lung diseases (2020)

Biologic therapeutics such as protein/polypeptide drugs are conventionally administered systemically via intravenous injection for the treatment of diseases including lung diseases, although this approach leads to low target site accumulation and the potential risk for systemic side effects. In comparison, topical delivery of protein drugs to the lung via inhalation is deemed to be a more effective approach for lung diseases, as proteins would directly reach the target in the lung while exhibiting poor diffusion into the systemic circulation, leading to higher lung drug retention and efficacy while minimising toxicity to other organs. This review examines the important considerations and challenges in designing an inhaled protein therapeutics for local lung delivery: the choice of inhalation device, structural changes affecting drug deposition in diseased lungs, clearance mechanisms affecting an inhaled protein drug's lung accumulation, protein stability, and immunogenicity. Possible approaches to overcoming these issues will also be discussed.
Factors affecting the hatching of human pinworm ova. (2002)

Parasite life-history traits reflect past environmental and host selective pressure that act to produce strategies that maximize successful transmission. Pooled human pinworm eggs were pretreated with 0.9% NaCl, acid digestive enzyme, and alkaline solutions (pH 9.0) and then incubated in 0.9% NaCl at room temperature and 37 degrees C both with and without 5% CO2. Eggs pretreated with both acid and base had the same hatching pattern, which was markedly different to that of the untreated eggs. At room temperature (RT), hatching of the pretreated eggs occurred on the first day and reached its peak rate (>90%) on day 3; at 37 degrees C hatching occurred on the second day and was more than 80% by day 5. Hatching of the untreated eggs was evident on day 2 at RT and between days 3-5 at 37 degrees C although in smaller numbers (<20%). The CO2 did not affect the hatching of larvae. The larvae could survive after hatching in 0.9% NaCl for 2 and 4 days at 37 degrees C and 25 degrees C, respectively. The present investigation gives a different information that human pinworm ova can hatch into larvae with or without exposure to acid digestive enzyme or alkaline solutions.
Adaptive scale filtering: a general method for obtaining shape from texture (1995)

Introduces adaptive scale filtering, a general method for deriving shape from texture under perspective projection without recourse to prior segmentation of the image into geometric texture elements (texels), and without thresholding of filtered images. If texels on a given surface can be identified in an image then the orientation of that surface can be obtained. However, there is no general characterization of texels for arbitrary textures. Furthermore, even if the size and shape of texels on the surface is invariant with regard to position, perspective projection ensures that the size and shape of the corresponding image texels vary by orders of magnitude. Commencing with an initial set F/sub O/ of identical image filters, adaptive scale filtering iteratively derives a set F/sub N/ which contains a unique filter for each image position. Each element of F/sub N/ is tuned to the three-dimensional structure of the surface; that is, all image filters in F/sub N/ back-project to an identical shape and size on the surface. Thus image texels of various sizes, but associated with a single spatial scale on the surface, can be identified in different parts of the image. When combined with conventional shape from texture methods, edges derived using F/sub N/ provide accurate estimates of surface orientation. Results for planar surfaces are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Coatability of Diffusion Brazed CMSX-4 Single Crystal (1996)

Diffusion brazing is a joining process utilized both in the manufacture and repair of turbine blades and vanes. CMSX-4 is an investment cast, single crystal, Ni-based superalloy used for turbine blading and vanes, and has enhanced mechanical properties at elevated temperatures when compared to equiaxed, directionally solidified and first generation single crystal superalloys. The objective of this work was to develop a diffusion brazing procedure to achieve reliable joints in the manufacture of a hollow turbine blade (for a prototype engine in South Africa), and to verify the coatability of the diffusion brazed joints. Two commercially available brazing filler metals of composition Ni-15Cr-3.5B and Ni-7Cr-3Fe-4.5Si-3.2B-0.06C and a proprietary (wide gap) braze were utilized. With the aim of eliminating brittle centre-line boride phases, the effects of temperature and time on the joint microstructure were studied. Once the metallurgy of the joint was understood, tensile and stress rupture tests were undertaken, the latter being one of the severest tests to evaluate joint strength. The results demonstrated that the diffusion brazed joints could satisfy the specified stress rupture criterion of a minimum of 40 hrs life at 925 °C and 200 MPa. After mechanical property evaluations, an investigation into the effects of a low temperature high activity (LTHA) pack aluminide coating and a high temperature low activity (HTLA) pack aluminide coating on the braze joints was undertaken. The results showed that diffusion brazed joints could be readily coated.