gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative Susceptibility of Latin American and United States Students to Enteric Pathogens (1976)

This study was designed to verify the importance of toxigenic Escherichia coli and other etiologic agents in diarrhea of travelers. In particular, we sought data to compare the relative importance of enteric pathogens in persons from different geographic locations exposed to a common environment where diarrhea could be anticipated. Therefore, our study was undertaken at a Mexican university where students from various countries congregate.MethodsA clinic and microbiology laboratory were established at Universidad de las Americas, Cholula, Puebla, Mexico, June through August, 1975, for the study of acute diarrhea. A student was defined as having diarrhea if he or . . .
A concise stereocontrolled formal total synthesis of (±)-podophyllotoxin using sulfoxide chemistry (2004)

A short stereoselective formal total synthesis of (+/-)-podophyllotoxin has been carried out from a sulfoxide, using a one-pot tandem conjugate addition/aldol/electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction to form a tetralin, which was converted into picropodophyllin in two steps.
An Immature Myeloid/Myeloid-Suppressor Cell Response Associated with Necrotizing Inflammation Mediates Lethal Pulmonary Tularemia (2016)

Inhalation of Francisella tularensis (Ft) causes acute and fatal pneumonia. The lung cytokine milieu favors exponential Ft replication, but the mechanisms underlying acute pathogenesis and death remain unknown. Evaluation of the sequential and systemic host immune response in pulmonary tularemia reveals that in contrast to overwhelming bacterial burden or cytokine production, an overt innate cellular response to Ft drives tissue pathology and host mortality. Lethal infection with Ft elicits medullary and extra-medullary myelopoiesis supporting recruitment of large numbers of immature myeloid cells and MDSC to the lungs. These cells fail to mature and die, leading to subsequent necrotic lung damage, loss of pulmonary function, and host death that is partially dependent upon immature Ly6G+ cells. Acceleration of this process may account for the rapid lethality seen with Ft SchuS4. In contrast, during sub-lethal infection with Ft LVS the pulmonary cellular response is characterized by a predominance of mature neutrophils and monocytes required for protection, suggesting a required threshold for lethal bacterial infection. Further, eliciting a mature phagocyte response provides transient, but dramatic, innate protection against Ft SchuS4. This study reveals that the nature of the myeloid cell response may be the primary determinant of host mortality versus survival following Francisella infection.
Passage of Classical Swine Fever Virus in Cultured Swine Kidney Cells Selects Virus Variants That Bind to Heparan Sulfate due to a Single Amino Acid Change in Envelope Protein E <sup>rns</sup> (2000)

Infection of cells with Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is mediated by the interaction of envelope glycoprotein E(rns) and E2 with the cell surface. In this report we studied the role of the cell surface glycoaminoglycans (GAGs), chondroitin sulfates A, B, and C (CS-A, -B, and -C), and heparan sulfate (HS) in the initial binding of CSFV strain Brescia to cells. Removal of HS from the surface of swine kidney cells (SK6) by heparinase I treatment almost completely abolished infection of these cells with virus that was extensively passaged in swine kidney cells before it was cloned (clone C1.1.1). Infection with C1.1.1 was inhibited completely by heparin (a GAG chemically related to HS but sulfated to a higher extent) and by dextran sulfate (an artificial highly sulfated polysaccharide), whereas HS and CS-A, -B, and -C were unable to inhibit infection. Bound C1.1.1 virus particles were released from the cell surface by treatment with heparin. Furthermore, C1.1.1 virus particles and CSFV E(rns) purified from insect cells bound to immobilized heparin, whereas purified CSFV E2 did not. These results indicate that initial binding of this virus clone is accomplished by the interaction of E(rns) with cell surface HS. In contrast, infection of SK6 cells with virus clones isolated from the blood of an infected pig and minimally passaged in SK6 cells was not affected by heparinase I treatment of cells and the addition of heparin to the medium. However, after one additional round of amplification in SK6 cells, infection with these virus clones was affected by heparinase I treatment and heparin. Sequence analysis of the E(rns) genes of these virus clones before and after amplification in SK6 cells showed that passage in SK6 cells resulted in a change of an Ser residue to an Arg residue in the C terminus of E(rns) (amino acid 476 in the polyprotein of CSFV). Replacement of the E(rns) gene of an infectious DNA copy of C1.1.1 with the E(rns) genes of these virus variants proved that acquisition of this Arg was sufficient to alter an HS-independent virus to a virus that uses HS as an E(rns) receptor.
Long‐term urinary catheter users self‐care practices and problems (2013)

More research is needed in how to minimise catheter-associated problems in long-term catheter users. Information from this study could help inform the development of interventions in this population.
The computation of the expected improvement in dominated hypervolume of Pareto front approximations (2008)

The hypervolume measure is used frequently in the design and performance assessment of multiobjective optimization algorithms. Especially in the context of metamodel (or surrogate) assisted optimization [1, 2] it is interesting to look at the following problem. Given an approximation set for the Pareto front and a new candidate solution x that has not yet been evaluated precisely but for which a prediction with uncertainty measure in the form of an independent multivariate Gaussian distribution with mean vector ~ and standard deviation vector ~ exists (Figure 1): What is the expected improvement of the hypervolume when x is being added to the population? For multiple objectives up til now only a Monte Carlo method has been reported. This contribution provides a direct computation procedure for the integral expression. This will be useful to enhance both accuracy and speed of computation for this important measure.
LED Display Screen Monitoring Platform Based on Identity Authentication with USB Key (2012)

Identity authentication is one of the important methods to solve the security problem of industrial monitoring and controlling system under the mode of the Internet of Things (IOT). Based on regarding the function framework of LED display screen monitoring platform, the general technique scheme of the platform is introduced, the database of the platform is designed and the transmission realization method of important monitoring data and controlling information is provided. Based on the analyzed of mechanism of USB Key identity authentication, this paper is focused on the design of identity authentication module. The testing results show that this platform can satisfy the basic requirements of LED display screen monitoring under the mode of the Internet of Things, and achieve the USB Key identity authentication to its users.
The random parking of spheres on spheres (1996)

Given a ‘‘target’’ sphere of radius r1 and ‘‘probe’’ spheres of radius r2, we consider, as a function of r2/r1, how many probe spheres, on average, can be attached to the target sphere if (1) the attachment sites are chosen at random, (2) the probe spheres are not permitted to overlap, and (3) each attachment is irreversible. We also consider two separate extremes for selecting new attachment sites: Each probe sphere is either permitted to diffuse into place from a large distance, or the attachment site is chosen completely at random. Diffusion-controlled attachment produces a slightly higher packing density than completely random attachment.
Agile administrative choreographies for multimode education at the University of Pretoria (2018)

This paper responds in part to a special edition of this journal (39/2) on dual-mode provision. We were concerned that contact providers might drift into distance education provision through extending campus-based online learning without first thinking through the underpinning implications of its administrative systems, an issue that was not addressed in the special edition. Proceeding from a pragmatic and constructivist perspective, while adopting a transactional orientation drawing on systems theory and hermeneutics, this paper focuses on the challenge for administrative staff and systems of the changing nature of provision in terms of both the underpinning learning and business models. Based on experience and reflection, we conclude that the move into dual- and multimode provision is inevitable and that this requires agility on the part of both administrative staff and systems that is often overlooked in planning and review processes.
Topological modeling of human anatomy using medical data (2002)

Medical imaging can provide data for useful views of the interior details of human anatomy. In addition to visualization, which in general has been the primary reason for obtaining these data, many other uses are possible. These include modeling of different elements and their inter-relationships-topological modeling, simulation of physical processes, analysis of movements and validation of models. Here, we describe some of the modeling issues from medical imaging. The issues are particularly related to topological modeling of different anatomical elements: bones, muscles, articulations, etc. A 3D topological modeler is presented with which anatomists and other users can build a topological data base containing structural, topological, and mechanical information of anatomical elements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Two-crystal, synchronously pumped, femtosecond optical parametric oscillator (2015)

We demonstrate a femtosecond optical parametric oscillator based on two nonlinear crystals synchronously pumped by a single ultrafast laser for efficient intracavity signal amplification and output power enhancement. By deploying two identical MgO:PPLN crystals in a single standing-wave cavity, and two pump pulse trains of similar average power from the same Kerr-lens-mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser, a minimum enhancement of 56% in the extracted signal power is achieved, with un-optimized output coupling, when temporal synchronization between the two intracavity signal pulse trains is established, resulting in a corresponding enhancement of 49% in pump depletion. Using intracavity dispersion control, near-transform-limited signal pulses with clean spectrum are obtained.
Study on genetic variation of inbred families of Wuzhishan Miniature pig using microsatellite DNA Loci (2009)

To assess the level and pattern of genetic variation of three inbred families of Wuzhishan Miniature pig(WZSP) from the 13th to the 18th generations,14 microsatellite DNA markers were used to estimate their genetic heterozygosity(H),polymorphic information content(PIC) and number of alleles(N).The results showed that there were a total of 38 alleles at the 14 loci and the estimates of average H,PIC and N in the pooled samples were 0.42,0.37 and 2.71,respectively.The average H and N in three families ranged from 0.41 to 0.45,and from 2.29 to 2.50,respectively.In addition,the average H and N from the 13th to the 18th generations were 0.31,0.42,0.36,0.41,0.37 and 0.20,and 2.21,2.57,2.43,2.57,2.36 and 1.64,respectively.It was noted that three microsatellites(Sw71,Sw510 and Sw2409) had been fixed in all three families at the 13th generation,however,some loci like Sw205,Sw874 and Sw936 among others still demonstrated high levels of heterozygosity,though very low N from 2 to 4,in all three families across all generations.In conclusion,this study revealed the pattern of genetic variation at microsatellite loci in the inbred families of WZSP with one of the most important findings to be the high level of unexpected heterozygosity at some loci,e.g.Sw874 and Sw936 that could be part of the unique genetics of these families.Whether functional genes linked with such microsatellite loci were involved in the maintenance of viability of these inbred families of WZSP remains for further investigation.
Morphologic and Molecular Characterization of New <i>Cyclospora</i> Species from Ethiopian Monkeys: <i>C. cercopitheci</i> sp.n., <i>C. colobi</i> sp.n., and <i>C. papionis</i> sp.n. (1999)

In recent years, human cyclosporiasis has emerged as an important infection, with large outbreaks in the United States and Canada. Understanding the biology and epidemiology of Cyclospora has been difficult and slow and has been complicated by not knowing the pathogen s origins, animal reservoirs (if any), and relationship to other coccidian parasites. This report provides morphologic and molecular characterization of three parasites isolated from primates and names each isolate: Cyclospora cercopitheci sp.n. for a species recovered from green monkeys, C. colobi sp.n. for a parasite from colobus monkeys, and C. papionis sp.n. for a species infecting baboons. These species, plus C. cayetanensis, which infects humans, increase to four the recognized species of Cyclospora infecting primates. These four species group homogeneously as a single branch intermediate between avian and mammalian Eimeria. Results of our analysis contribute toward clarification of the taxonomic position of Cyclospora and its relationship to other coccidian parasites.
The effect of arsenic on urethan-induced adenoma formation in Swiss mice. (1987)

Female Swiss mice were exposed to sodium arsenite or sodium aresenate in the drinking water for 15 weeks at concentrations ranging from 0 to 100 micrograms/mL arsenic content. After three weeks of the 15 week exposure period, the mice were administered urethan (1.5 mg/g) intraperitoneally. Pulmonary adenoma formation was evaluated 12 weeks later. Arsenic exposure produced a protective effect with respect to tumor development. Both forms of arsenic reduced the size and number of pulmonary adenomas observed per mouse. In addition, urethan-induced sleeping times which reflect the rate of urethan metabolism or excretion remained unchanged. This suggests that arsenic exposure does not alter urethan excretion and is not a factor influencing subsequent adenoma formation of these levels of exposure.
Advanced Multicast and Broadcast Content Distribution in Mobile Cellular Networks (2007)

Recently 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) has standardised MBMS (Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services) enabling broadcast and multicast transmissions over GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) and UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System). Hence it makes an efficient usage of radio resources possible. 3GPP and 3GPP2 introduced the specification of IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) and MMD (Multimedia Domain), receptively, which both are responsible for resource, admission and charging control. It allows for cost efficient and flexible provision of enriched multimedia services over IP networks. Up to now the controlling IMS and MBMS are separated subsystems sharing no common interfaces. This paper introduces both systems and depicts ongoing standardisation activities regarding their interworking. Finally, it proposes a service provision architecture and describes required signalling flows which enable the provision of multicast streaming using the MBMS specifications not only as access bearer technology. Thus, we present a step towards the evolution of IMS enabling it with multicast and broadcast capabilities.
Placement of Permanent Downhole Pressure Sensors in Reservoir Surveillance (2007)

Abstract This paper probes the gauge placement issue with regard to yielding quality formation parameters, unaffected by wellbore effects. Non-physical or biased results may result if the wellbore effects go unaccounted for. We used a wellbore/reservoir simulator, which conserves mass, momentum, and energy to develop a comprehensive understanding of the gauge-placement issue. First, we reproduced a field example from a deepwater asset to demonstrate the simulator's capabilities. In this example, we matched the bottomhole pressure, and pressure/temperature monitored about midpoint of the flow string during a multirate test sequence lasting some 60 hours. Calculations show that thermal effects are exacerbated by increasing flow rate and increasing gauge distance from the perforations. Second, we performed a detailed uncertainty analysis with experimental design. Variables included in this analysis were perforation-to-gauge distance, permeability, geothermal gradient, flow rate, fluid viscosity, thermal conductivity of annular fluid and formation, and mechanical skin. This analysis sheds light on relative importance of these variables on our ability to extract formation parameters. Simple correlations are developed for designing gauge placement in many environments.
Computer-Aided Diagnosis Scheme Using a Filter Bank for Detection of Microcalcification Clusters in Mammograms (2006)

Mammography is considered the most effective method for early detection of breast cancers. However, it is difficult for radiologists to detect microcalcification clusters. Therefore, we have developed a computerized scheme for detecting early-stage microcalcification clusters in mammograms. We first developed a novel filter bank based on the concept of the Hessian matrix for classifying nodular structures and linear structures. The mammogram images were decomposed into several subimages for second difference at scales from 1 to 4 by this filter bank. The subimages for the nodular component (NC) and the subimages for the nodular and linear component (NLC) were then obtained from analysis of the Hessian matrix. Many regions of interest (ROIs) were selected from the mammogram image. In each ROI, eight features were determined from the subimages for NC at scales from 1 to 4 and the subimages for NLC at scales from 1 to 4. The Bayes discriminant function was employed for distinguishing among abnormal ROIs with a microcalcification cluster and two different types of normal ROIs without a microcalcification cluster. We evaluated the detection performance by using 600 mammograms. Our computerized scheme was shown to have the potential to detect microcalcification clusters with a clinically acceptable sensitivity and low false positives.
Ultra-wideband radar measurements over bare and snow-covered saline ice (2002)

The authors developed an ultra-wideband radar operating over frequencies from 500 MHz to 18 GHz and used it in conjunction with a plane-wave illuminator to perform radar backscatter measurements over pancake, bare and snow-covered saline ice. The ice was grown in an outdoor pond at the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH. Data were acquired over incidence angles from 0/spl deg/ to 50/spl deg/ with VV and HH polarizations. Data were also collected on surface roughness, snow properties and ice structure. The combination of wide bandwidth and plane-wave illumination allowed the authors uniquely to identify returns from air-snow and snow-ice interfaces. Returns from the snow-ice interface were about 10 dB higher than those from the snow-air interface. At 0/spl deg/ incidence scattering from bare saline ice varied little with frequency over the frequency range from 5 to 18 GHz, whereas scattering from pancake ice increased from about 16 dB at 5 GHz to 27 dB at 18 GHz. In contrast scattering from snow-covered ice decreased by about 10 dB over the same frequency range. For both bare and snow-covered saline ice, the scattering coefficient decreased by more than 40 dB with over the angular region from 0/spl deg/ and 30/spl deg/. The rapid decay of the scattering coefficient is indicative of the presence of a coherent component near vertical and of the dominance of surface scattering over this angular region.
Highly Efficient Inverted Polymer Solar Cells Based on an Alcohol Soluble Fullerene Derivative Interfacial Modification Material (2012)

A phosphate group-containing bisadducts fullerene derivative bis-[6,6]-phenyl-C60-pentyl phosphoric diethyl ester (B-PCPO) has been developed as an indium tin oxide (ITO) interlayer material in inverted polymer solar cells. The B-PCPO possessed good alcohol solubility, n-type nature, good electron transporting ability, and ITO modification function simultaneously, and it was utilized as an ITO interlayer in solution-processed multilayer inverted bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells to improve the electron transporting and collection. It was found that the B-PCPO interlayer could effectively decrease the work function of ITO and thereby enhance the electron collection of ITO electrode. The device studies showed that the resulting solar cells' efficiencies were significantly increased from 4.83% to 6.20% by using a B-PCPO interlayer, benefiting from the dramatic enhancement in open circuit voltage and moderate increase in fill factor. Our results provide a promising approach to improve the performance of inverted polymer solar cells.
Demonstration and Genotyping of Pestivirus RNA from Mammalian Cell Lines (1995)

We examined 20 cell lines of various animal origins for the presence of pestivirus contamination by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and found 15 (75%) cell lines were positive. The RT-PCR products of the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of pestivirus genome were sequenced and subjected to genotyping. Stem-loop structures at three variable regions in the 5' UTR render genotyping of the contaminated pestiviruses. Bovine cell lines tested were all contaminated with genotypes I, II, or III of bovine diarrhea virus (BVDV). Cell lines of canine, feline, and primate origin were contaminated with genotype II of BVDV. Cell line Ch1Es of caprine origin was contaminated with border disease virus (BDV).
Thermal pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass (2009)

Abstract Torrefaction is a process to convert diverse lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks into an energy dense homogeneous solid, a pretreatment for subsequent thermochemical conversion. Loblolly pine was treated by wet torrefaction (hot compressed water, 200–260°C) and dry torrefaction (nitrogen, 250–300°C), with mass yield of solid product ranging between 57 and 89%, and energy densification to 108–136% of the original feedstock. The solid product has been characterized, including proximate analysis, fiber analysis, ultimate analysis, and equilibrium moisture. In both dry and wet torrefaction, increasing temperature results in decreased mass yield and increased energy densification, and results in a solid with increased carbon content, decreased oxygen content, and decreased volatiles. The biomass is transformed into a fuel similar to a low‐rank coal. Generally, the wet torrefaction process produces a solid with greater energy density than dry torrefaction, with the same mass yield. The fiber analysis indicates that hemicellulose is quickly removed during wet torrefaction, and the solid product contains substantial quantities of aqueous soluble compounds. The equilibrium moisture content of solids produced by both processes is somewhat decreased from that of the biomass feedstock, indicating a hydrophobic solid suitable for storage and transportation. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2009
Status of SOFC Development in U.S.A. (1993)

Solid oxide oxide fuel cells represent a highly efficient power generation/cogeneration source in the United States and worldwide. Currently, the U.S. is a leader in this technology in the tubular, monolithic and planar solid oxide fuel cell areas. In addition, research is being conducted in intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells. An overview of the status of these technologies, research, and critical issues is presented.