gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stator Flux Based Space-Vector Modulation and Closed Loop Control of the Stator Flux Vector in Overmodulation Into Six-Step Mode (2004)

This paper presents closed loop control of stator flux vector in a wide operating range that can be used in torque control. A predictive control achieves zero phase error at constant switching frequency. Space vector modulation based on stator flux error vector is used to achieve control of stator flux over the entire range including overmodulation and six-step. During dynamics the fastest possible flux vector change is employed similar to the direct torque control. Experimental results are provided for a wide speed range and effect of parameter variation is studied.
Fluorescence cryo-microscopy: current challenges and prospects (2014)

Studying biological structures with fine details does not only require a microscope with high resolution, but also a sample preparation process that preserves the structures in a near-native state. Live-cell imaging is restricted mostly to the field of light microscopy. For studies requiring much higher resolution, fast freezing techniques (vitrification) are successfully used to immobilize the sample in a near-native state for imaging with electron and X-ray cryo-microscopy. Fluorescence cryo-microscopy combines imaging of vitrified samples with the advantages of fluorescence labeling of biological structures. Technical considerations as well as the behavior of fluorophores at low temperatures have to be taken into account for developing or adapting super-resolution methods under cryo conditions to exploit the full potential of this technique.
Determination of affinities of murine and chimeric anti alpha/beta-T-cell receptor antibodies by flow cytometry. (1990)

In this report we describe the use of a calibrated flow cytometer to quantify the expression of the human alpha/beta-T-cell-receptor on peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy human blood donors and on the T-cell line HPB-ALL. To calculate the maximum of antibodies which are needed to obtain antigen saturation per cell and to determine the affinity of murine and chimeric anti-TCR antibodies, we applied Scatchard-plot and double reciprocal Klotz-plot analyses.
Progressive skyline computation in database systems (2005)

The skyline of a d -dimensional dataset contains the points that are not dominated by any other point on all dimensions. Skyline computation has recently received considerable attention in the database community, especially for progressive methods that can quickly return the initial results without reading the entire database. All the existing algorithms, however, have some serious shortcomings which limit their applicability in practice. In this article we develop branch-and-bound skyline (BBS), an algorithm based on nearest-neighbor search, which is I/O optimal, that is, it performs a single access only to those nodes that may contain skyline points. BBS is simple to implement and supports all types of progressive processing (e.g., user preferences, arbitrary dimensionality, etc). Furthermore, we propose several interesting variations of skyline computation, and show how BBS can be applied for their efficient processing.
High-Performance P2-Na<sub>0.70</sub>Mn<sub>0.80</sub>Co<sub>0.15</sub>Zr<sub>0.05</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Cathode for Sodium-Ion Batteries (2018)

Room-temperature sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) using a manganese-based layered cathode have been considered promising candidates for grid-scale energy storage applications. However, manganese-based materials suffer from serious Jahn-Teller distortion, phase transition, and unstable interface, resulting in severe structure degradation, sluggish sodium diffusion kinetics, and poor cycle, respectively. Herein, we demonstrate a Zr-doped Na<sub>0.70</sub>Mn<sub>0.80</sub>Co<sub>0.15</sub>Zr<sub>0.05</sub>O<sub>2</sub> material with much improved specific capacity and rate capability compared with Zr-free Na<sub>0.70</sub>Mn<sub>0.85</sub>Co<sub>0.15</sub>O<sub>2</sub> when used as cathode materials for NIBs. The material delivers a reversible capacity of 173 mA h g<sup>-1</sup> at 0.1 C rate, corresponding to approximately 72% of the theoretical capacity (239 mA h g<sup>-1</sup>) based on a single-electron redox process, and a capacity retention of 88% after 50 cycles was obtained. Additionally, a homogenous solid-state interphase (SEI) film was revealed directly by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy in Zr-doped material after battery cycling. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy proves that the formation of SEI films provides the Zr-doped material with special chemical/electrochemical stability. These results here give clear evidence of the utility of Zr-doping to improve the surface and environmental stability, sodium diffusion kinetics, and electrochemical performance of P2-type layered structure, promising advanced sodium-ion batteries with higher energy density, higher surface stability, and longer cycle life compared with the commonly used magnesiumdoping method in electrode materials.
Directional radiation of Babinet-inverted optical nanoantenna integrated with plasmonic waveguide (2015)

We present a Babinet-inverted optical nanoantenna integrated with a plasmonic waveguide. Using an integrated nanoantenna, we can couple the plasmon guide mode in a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure into the resonant antenna feed directly. The resonantly excited feed slot then radiates to free space and generates a magnetic dipole-like far-field pattern. The coupling efficiency of the integrated nanoantenna is calculated as being approximately 19% using a three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (3D FDTD) simulation. By adding an auxiliary groove structure along with the feed, the radiation direction can be controlled similar to an optical Yagi-Uda antenna. We also determine, both theoretically and experimentally, that groove depth plays a significant role to function groove structure as a reflector or a director. The demonstrated Babinet-inverted optical nanoantenna integrated with a plasmonic waveguide can be used as a "plasmonic via" in plasmonic nanocircuits.
Establishment of ascitic tumor of human pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia in nonconditioned nude mice. (1989)

In the present study, an ascitic tumor of NALM-6, a human pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line, was established in nude mice which had not been subjected to any preconditioning such as X-irradiation and/or splenectomy. The ascitic tumor was also established in X-irradiated mice. Under various conditions, the tumor transplantability was 100%. NALM-6 cells were initially inoculated i.p. into 8-day-old nude mice after being admixed with X-irradiated HT-1080, a human fibrosarcoma cell line. Then, the in vivo grown (for 10 wk) tumor cells were serially transplanted i.p. into X-irradiated adult (10 to 12 wk old) nude mice. After the serial passages, we succeeded in establishing a highly transplantable NALM-6 ascitic tumor in nonpreconditioned as well as X-irradiated nude mice without the addition of HT-1080 cells. The ascitic tumor cells do not lose transplantability after in vitro culture for 20 days. Cellular radioimmunoassay and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis indicated that the in vivo established NALM-6 tumor cells retained the antigenic phenotype of the parental NALM-6 cells. Titration experiments revealed a reciprocal relationship between survival time of the mice and the number of tumor cells inoculated. When appropriate numbers of tumor cells (e.g., 4 x 10(6) cells) were used for the inoculation, survival times of individual mice fell within a relatively narrow range; this narrow range will facilitate the experiments where the present tumor model is used for evaluating the in vivo efficacy of antitumor agents. The present ascitic tumor models, particularly the one established in nonpreconditioned nude mice, will be useful for evaluating the in vivo efficacy of anti-human leukemia agents as well as for studying the in vivo biological behavior of the transplanted leukemia cells.
X-Ray Tomographic Microscopy (XTM) Using Synchrotron Radiation (1992)

The response of a material to an applied load is inherently three-dimen­ sional. Heterogeneous networks of second phases, reinforcing particles, and fibers act to redistribute applied loads into complex, three-dimensional distributions of stresses and strains. Mechanical properties measurements, however, traditionally rely upon oneand two-dimensional analytical tech­ niques to explain what are, in reality, three-dimensional responses. A load­ displacement curve is an example of a one-dimensional measurement, which is often used to measure global deformation in a sample, and to infer micro mechanical mechanisms that might be operating during deformation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are examples of essentially two-dimensional techniques that can be used to provide evidence for the origin of failure and whether
<i>SPG3A</i> (2002)

The authors report on a novel frameshift mutation (c.1688insA) in the SPG3A gene resulting in premature translation termination of the gene product atlastin. These data add a new variant to the second disease gene in autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia (ADHSP) and lend definitive support to its causative role. By combining direct testing of SPAST and SPG3A, at least 50% of ADHSP families can now receive appropriate genetic diagnosis.
Artefact reduction for cell migration visualization using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (2011)

Visualization of cell migration during chemotaxis using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) requires non-standard processing techniques. Stripe artefacts and camera noise floor present in OCT data prevent detailed computer-assisted reconstruction and quantification of cell locomotion. Furthermore, imaging artefacts lead to unreliable results in automated texture based cell analysis. Here we characterize three pronounced artefacts that become visible when imaging sample structures with high dynamic range, e.g. cultured cells: (i) time-varying fixed-pattern noise; (ii) stripe artefacts generated by background estimation using tomogram averaging; (iii) image modulations due to spectral shaping. We evaluate techniques to minimize the above mentioned artefacts using an 800 nm optical coherence microscope. Effect of artefact reduction is shown exemplarily on two cell cultures, i.e. Dictyostelium on nitrocellulose substrate, and retinal ganglion cells (RGC-5) cultured on a glass coverslip. Retinal imaging also profits from the proposed processing techniques.
Fast Measurement Technique for Phased Array Calibration (2008)

A novel measurement method is proposed in order to measure the active electric fields of the individual antenna elements in a phased array antenna. Fast and accurate measurements can be realized by the proposed method because the electric fields of multiple elements can be obtained simultaneously and no phase measurements are required. Hence, it can be easily applied to the on-board diagnostics and re-calibration in the operating phased array antenna systems. In the first step with this method, the phases of multiple antenna elements are successively shifted with the specified phase intervals while the array power variations are measured. Next, the measured power variation is expanded into a Fourier series and the terms are rearranged to put them into the form of the rotating element electric field vector (REV) method. Finally, the REV solution is used to identify the electric fields of the individual elements. Additionally, a theoretical study is carried out on the accuracy of the proposed measurement method. Simple, closed-form equations have been successfully derived for the measurement errors and the calibration accuracy is theoretically estimated. The proposed measurement method is validated with experimental results and the measurement accuracy is compared with the theoretical prediction.
The Metabolism of Carcinoma Cells (1925)

When the problem of carcinoma is approached from the metabolic aspect, the first question which arises is: how does the metabolism of growing tissue differ from that of resting? The prospects of finding an answer to this question are good. Whether the mass of a given tissue is to remain constant, or, within a short period to increase many-fold, must be determined by the velocity of those processes which supply the driving forces for growth. Our task is to search for such processes and to compare their velocities in resting tissues and growing tissues. If this question is solved, then the further inquiry must be made as to whether the manner of arrangement of growing cells is manifested in their metabolism. Does the metabolism of tumors, growing in a disorganized manner, differ from the metabolism of orderly cells growing at the same rate. The hope of solving this question must be considered slight in general, and rightly so, if it is only the form-building forces which tumors lack. For of all problems of physiology, that of form is the least approachable. Yet it seems doubtful that only minute and unimportant differences should exist between the growth of young cells and those of tumors, instead of considerable physico-chemical differences. Progress in the carcinoma problem implies the adoption of the point of view involved by the latter alternative. This has been done and I shall try to show that it is the correct point of view.
Kinetics and mechanism of cobalt-catalyzed oxidation of p-xylene in the presence of water (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics and mechanism of cobalt-catalyzed oxidation of p-xylene in the presence of waterMilan Hronec, Zuzana Cvengrosova, and Jan IlavskyCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1985, 24, 3, 787–794Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i200030a045https://doi.org/10.1021/i200030a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views412Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Ductility of Ultra High Purity Copper (1995)

The ductility of ultra-high purity copper at elevated temperatures was investigated : purity 99.9999% (6N) and 99.999999% (8N). Tensile tests were conducted at temperatures ranging from 293K to 1073K at strain rates of 4.2x10-5 s-1 in a high vacuum. The results are discussed in comparison with those for 99.9% (3N) copper. Ductility at intermediate temperatures was improved by an increase in purity. The temperature at which ductility dropped decreased with increases in purity. Even at the ultra-high purity of 8N, a small ductility drop was observed at 423K. A small number of micro voids were observed on the grain boundaries of 8N specimens after the test at 423K. 6N and 8N copper have nearly same sulphur content of about 0.015 ppm. The intermediate temperature embrittlement of these coppers might be affected not only by sulphur content, but also by total impurity content.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Method for the Synthesis of N<sup>3</sup>‐Alkylated Analogues of 5‐Fluorouracil. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Top-down Proteomics: Technology Advancements and Applications to Heart Diseases (2016)

Altered protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) and protein isoform switching are increasingly recognized as important disease mechanisms. Top-down high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics has emerged as the most powerful method for the comprehensive analysis of PTMs and protein isoforms. Here, we will review recent technology developments in the field of top-down proteomics, as well as highlight recent studies utilizing top-down proteomics to decipher the cardiac proteome for the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying diseases of the heart. Expert commentary: Top-down proteomics is a premier method for the global and comprehensive study of protein isoforms and their PTMs, enabling the identification of novel protein isoforms and PTMs, characterization of sequence variations, and quantification of disease-associated alterations. Despite significant challenges, continuous development of top-down proteomics technology will greatly aid the dissection of the molecular mechanisms underlying diseases of the hearts for the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
RhoB Is Stabilized by Transforming Growth Factor β and Antagonizes Transcriptional Activation (1998)

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is the prototype for an evolutionarily conserved superfamily of secreted factors implicated in diverse biological phenomena. The pleiotropic responses to TGF-beta are initiated by a heteromeric receptor complex that binds and phosphorylates downstream effectors. Among these, the Smads have been extensively studied. However, less attention has been directed toward alternative downstream effectors and their participation in TGF-beta signal transduction. We show that TGF-beta promotes accumulation of the labile monomeric GTPase RhoB by antagonizing its normal proteolytic destruction, presumably via the 26 S proteasome. RhoB accumulates in its isoprenylated form. Transient overexpression of wild type RhoB but not its dominant negative mutant RhoB-N19 antagonizes TGF-beta-mediated transcriptional activation. These results suggest a novel mechanism of regulation by TGF-beta and implicate RhoB as a negative regulator of TGF-beta signal transduction.
<title>Accurate and ergonomic method of registration for image-guided neurosurgery</title> (1994)

There has been considerable interest in the development of frameless stereotaxy based upon scalp mounted fiducials. In practice we have experienced difficulty in relating markers to the image data sets in our series of 25 frameless cases, as well as inaccuracy due to scalp movement and the size of the markers. We have developed an alternative system for accurately and conveniently achieving surgical registration for image-guided neurosurgery based on alignment and matching of patient forehead contours. The system consists of a laser contour digitizer which is used in the operating room to acquire forehead contours, editing software for extracting contours from patient image data sets, and a contour-match algorithm for aligning the two contours and performing data set registration. The contour digitizer is tracked by a camera array which relates its position with respect to light emitting diodes placed on the head clamp. Once registered, surgical instrument can be tracked throughout the procedure. Contours can be extracted from either CT or MRI image datasets. The system has proven to be robust in the laboratory setting. Overall error of registration is 1 - 2 millimeters in routine use. Image to patient registration can therefore be achieved quite easily and accurately, without the need for fixation of external markers to the skull, or manually finding markers on the scalp and image datasets. The system is unobtrusive and imposes little additional effort on the neurosurgeon, broadening the appeal of image-guided surgery.
The Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones and the Hydrogenation of Nitriles: Mechanistic Aspects and Selectivity Control (2002)

This review deals with two of the most commonly used methods for the preparation of amines: the reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones and the hydrogenation of nitriles. There is a great similarity between these two methods, since both have the imine as intermediate. However, due to the high reactivity of this intermediate, primary, secondary and/or tertiary amines are obtained (often simultaneously). The relation of the selectivity to different substrate structures and reaction conditions is briefly summarised, the main focus being on the catalyst as it is the most significant factor that governs the selectivity. Different mechanisms are discussed with the view to correlate the structure of the catalyst and, more particularly, the nature of the metal and the support with selectivity. The crucial point is the presumed location of the condensation and hydrogenation steps.
An examination of selection criteria for salt tolerance in wheat, barley and triticale genotypes (1988)

This study of 20 genotypes of barley, wheat, durum wheat and triticale had three aims: (1) To determine whether simple measurements on plants grown in salinity tanks in a glasshouse would reflect the documented reputations for salinity tolerance of the genotypes; (2) to test whether rapid development, commonly associated with barleys, is linked with salinity tolerance; (3) to assess several types of measurements as screening tools for salinity tolerance. Measurements of whole-plant leaf area expansion rates were well correlated with biomass production and ranked the genotypes largely in accord with their documented reputations. There was no evidence, either from experimental manipulation of rate of development, or from regression analysis amongst genotypes, that rapid development was linked with salinity tolerance. The origins of tolerance were twofold, deriving from (1) a physiological tolerance - this was defined as a small relative reduction in growth due to salinity, and (2) an absolute tolerance - this was shown as an intrinsic high growth rate of the genotype, i.e. apparent both in and out of salinity. A good indicator of high absolute tolerance, and of potential for screening purposes, was large area of seedling leaves. Regression analysis indicated that absolute tolerance contributed more to productivity in saline conditions than physiological tolerance. Indeed, in one study the latter failed to correlate significantly with productivity. Cl- concentration also was a poor general indicator of productivity in salinity, as was extension rate of single leaves during 10 days after NaCl was applied. It is proposed that screening for intrinsic high growth rate and physiological tolerance should go hand in hand, with more emphasis on the former. This is the reverse of the usual situation.