gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A CMOS Fish Freshness to Continuous-Time Incremental Sigma-Delta Modulator for Monitoring Fish Freshness in Fish Markets (2019)

In this paper, a CMOS fish freshness to continuous-time incremental sigma-delta modulator for monitoring fish freshness in fish market is proposed for Internet of Things (IoT) techniques. The chip is fabricated in the TSMC 0.35 μm 2P4M CMOS technology with 3.0 V power supply. Furthermore, by using MATLAB and SPICE programs, all the performance and functions of the proposed fish freshness to continuous-time incremental sigma-delta modulator have been correctly verified and proven in simulations. The chip size is 1.26 X 2.69 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The proposed chip is aimed to be applied in detecting fish freshness in fish markets.
Low-loss Compact Size Slotted Waveguide Mode Transformers (2007)

We present various waveguide transformers that are capable of converting Gaussian-like waveguide modes to non-Gaussian-like slotted waveguide modes. The devices can achieve complete mode transformation within tens of micrometers with insertion loss less than 0.04dB.
Study of an Automated Precise SEU Fault Injection Technique (2012)

SRAM-based FPGAs are susceptible to SEUs. To emulate the effects of SEUs, a variety of fault injection techniques have been studied. As FPGA logic density continues to increase, injecting faults into full bit stream is very time consuming. To further study the SEU effects and the mitigation techniques, an advanced precise SEU fault injection technique is studied in this paper. With this technique, a novel system named automated precise fault injection system (APFIS) is made to inject faults into certain resource of the circuit, instead into the whole bit stream. In this paper, this system will be proved to be faster and more efficient by the success of injecting faults into two sets of designs. Using this system will encourage the utilization of FPGAs for space-based applications.
IP-10 and Mig Production by Glomerular Cells in Human Proliferative Glomerulonephritis and Regulation by Nitric Oxide (2002)

High levels of expression of mRNA and protein for the chemokines interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-inducible protein of 10 kD (IP-10) (CXCL10) and the monokine induced by IFN-gamma (Mig) (CXCL9) were observed, by using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analyses, in kidney biopsy specimens from patients with glomerulonephritis (GN), particularly those with membranoproliferative or crescentic GN, but not in normal kidneys. Double-immunostaining or combined in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analyses for IP-10, Mig, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) or alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) revealed that IP-10 and Mig production by resident glomerular cells was a selective property of glomeruli in which mesangial cells demonstrated active proliferation. IP-10 and Mig mRNA and protein were also expressed by primary cultures of human mesangial cells and human visceral epithelial cells after stimulation with IFN- gamma or with IFN-gamma plus tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (which produced greater stimulation). The induction of IP-10 and Mig mRNA and protein expression by IFN-gamma plus TNF-alpha was strongly inhibited by nitric oxide (NO) donors, such as sodium nitroprusside or S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, but not by cGMP analogues. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that NO donors repressed IP-10 gene transcription induced by IFN-gamma plus TNF-alpha through the inhibition of NF-kappaB activation. These data demonstrate that resident glomerular cells in kidneys of patients with proliferative GN produce large amounts of IP-10 and Mig, which may play important pathogenic roles in this disease. These data also indicate that the production of IP-10 and Mig by human mesangial cells can be downregulated by NO donors through cGMP-independent inhibition of NF-kappaB activation.
GaAs thin film nanostructure arrays for III-V solar cell applications (2012)

State of art III-V multi-junction solar cells have demonstrated a record high efficiency of 43.5%. However, these cells are only applicable to high concentration systems due to their high cost of substrates and epitaxial growth. We demonstrate thin film flexible nanostructure arrays for III-V solar cell applications. Such nanostructure arrays allow substrate recycling and much thinner epitaxial layer thus could significantly reduce the cost of traditional III-V solar cells. We fabricate the GaAs thin film nanostructure arrays by conformally growing GaAs thin film on nanostructured template followed by epitaxial lift-off. We demonstrate broadband optical absorption enhancement of a film of GaAs nanostructure arrays over a planar thin film with equal thickness. The absorption enhancement is about 300% at long wavelengths due to significant light trapping effect and about 30% at short wavelengths due to antireflection effect from tapered geometry. Optical simulation shows the physical mechanisms of the absorption enhancement. Using thin film nanostructure arrays, the III-V solar system cost could be greatly reduced, leading to low $/W and high kW/kg flexible solar systems.
Analysis of short tandem repeat polymorphisms using infrared fluorescence with M18 tailed primers (1994)

The use of short tandem repeat polymorphisms (STRPs) are becoming increasingly important as markers for linkage analysis due to their large numbers of the human genome and their high degree of polymorphism. Fluorescence based detection of the STRP pattern using the LI-COR model 4000S automated DNA sequencer eliminates the need for radioactivity and produces a digitized image that can be used for the analysis of the polymorphisms. In an effort to reduce the cost of STRP analysis, we have synthesized primers with a 19 bp extension complementary to the sequence of the M13 primer on the 5{prime} end of one of the two primers used in the amplification of the STRP instead of using primers with direct conjugation of the infrared fluorescent dye. Up to 5 primer pairs can be multiplexed together with the M13 primer-dye conjugate as the sole primer conjugated to the fluorescent dye. Comparisons between primers that have been directly conjugated to the fluor with those having the M13 sequence extension show no difference in the ability to determine the STRP pattern. At present, the entire Weber 4A set of STRP markers is available with the M13 5{prime} extension. We are currently using this technique for linkagemore » analysis of familial breast cancer and asthma. The combination of STRP analysis using fluorescence detection will allow this technique to be fully automated for allele scoring and linkage analysis.« less
Fabrication and characteristics of ion beam etched cavity InP/InGaAsP BH lasers (1987)

A low temperature ion beam etching (IBE) process is successfully applied to facet mirror fabrication of 1.3 μm InGaAsP/InP buried heterostructure (BH) lasers. Ar ion beam etching characteristics of InP are studied and masking conditions are optimized for obtaining low-damage, vertical, and smooth etched facets. Lasers fabricated by this technique have threshold currents and quantum efficiencies comparable to those of lasers with conventionally cleaved mirrors. CW operation at room temperature has been achieved. Initial experimental results of preliminary aging tests are also presented.
Separation of conductivity and distance measurements for eddy current nondestructive inspection ofgraphite composite materials (1993)

This article deals with the study of a process based on the principle of eddy current sensors for the nondestructive evaluation of graphite composite plates. This research has been carried out in the Laboratoire d'Electricitd Signaux et Robotique by the team working on datacollecting sensors for robotics in collaboration with Aerospatiale. Eddy current sensors are characterized by their impedance, which varies when a conducting material is approached in their sensitive area. For a given sensor, the output signal depends directly on the electrical and geometrical properties of the object. In the case discussed here, the interesting data are the distance between the sensor and the object, and its local conductivity. In order to invert the relationships between the sensor signal and the properties of the material, an external parametrical model has been developed. A scanning of the surface with a sensor designed for good spatial resolution measurements gives two accurate maps of the useful data.
Rapid, Sensitive, Iron-Based Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Peroxide Values of Food Lipids (1994)

The official International Dairy Federation method for determination of the peroxide value of anhydrous milk fat was extended to poultry, meat, fish, and vegetable oils. The ferrous oxidation-xylenol orange method for determination of peroxide values of liposomes and lipoproteins was modified to make it simpler and more rapid. These 2 spectrophotometric methods were used successfully to determine the peroxide values of beef, chicken, butter, fish, and vegetable products. The results in most cases were consistent with those obtained by using the AOAC Official Method. The spectrophotometric methods have an assay time of less than 10 min, require < or = 0.3 g fat, and are capable of determining peroxide values as low as 0.1 mequiv/kg of sample.
Quenching of pyrochlorophyll fluorescence by nitro compounds (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuenching of pyrochlorophyll fluorescence by nitro compoundsGilbert R. SeelyCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1969, 73, 1, 125–129Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100721a021https://doi.org/10.1021/j100721a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views285Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Mechanisms of c-Myc Degradation by Nickel Compounds and Hypoxia (2009)

Nickel (Ni) compounds have been found to cause cancer in humans and animal models and to transform cells in culture. At least part of this effect is mediated by stabilization of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF1a) and activating its downstream signaling. Recent studies reported that hypoxia signaling might either antagonize or enhance c-myc activity depending on cell context. We investigated the effect of nickel on c-myc levels, and demonstrated that nickel, hypoxia, and other hypoxia mimetics degraded c-myc protein in a number of cancer cells (A549, MCF-7, MDA-453, and BT-474). The degradation of the c-Myc protein was mediated by the 26S proteosome. Interestingly, knockdown of both HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha attenuated c-Myc degradation induced by Nickel and hypoxia, suggesting the functional HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha was required for c-myc degradation. Further studies revealed two potential pathways mediated nickel and hypoxia induced c-myc degradation. Phosphorylation of c-myc at T58 was significantly increased in cells exposed to nickel or hypoxia, leading to increased ubiquitination through Fbw7 ubiquitin ligase. In addition, nickel and hypoxia exposure decreased USP28, a c-myc de-ubiquitinating enzyme, contributing to a higher steady state level of c-myc ubiquitination and promoting c-myc degradation. Furthermore, the reduction of USP28 protein by hypoxia signaling is due to both protein degradation and transcriptional repression. Nickel and hypoxia exposure significantly increased the levels of dimethylated H3 lysine 9 at the USP28 promoter and repressed its expression. Our study demonstrated that Nickel and hypoxia exposure increased c-myc T58 phosphorylation and decreased USP28 protein levels in cancer cells, which both lead to enhanced c-myc ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation.
Stochastic Claims Reserving in General Insurance (2002)

ABSTRACT This paper considers a wide range of stochastic reserving models for use in general insurance, beginning with stochastic models which reproduce the traditional chain-ladder reserve estimates. The models are extended to consider parametric curves and smoothing models for the shape of the development run-off, which allow extrapolation for the estimation of tail factors. The Bornhuetter-Ferguson technique is also considered, within a Bayesian framework, which allows expert opinion to be used to provide prior estimates of ultimate claims. The primary advantage of stochastic reserving models is the availability of measures of precision of reserve estimates, and in this respect, attention is focused on the root mean squared error of prediction (prediction error). Of greater interest is a full predictive distribution of possible reserve outcomes, and different methods of obtaining that distribution are described. The techniques are illustrated with examples throughout, and the wider issues discussed, in particular, the concept of a ‘best estimate’; reporting the variability of claims reserves; and use in dynamic financial analysis models.
Probenecid and <i>N</i> -Acetylcysteine Prevent Loss of Intracellular Glutathione and Inhibit Neuronal Death after Mechanical Stretch Injury <i>In Vitro</i> (2016)

Probenecid and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can preserve intracellular levels of the vital antioxidant glutathione (GSH) via two distinct biochemical pathways. Probenecid inhibits transporter-mediated GSH efflux and NAC serves as a cysteine donor for GSH synthesis. We hypothesized that probenecid and NAC alone would maintain intracellular GSH concentrations and inhibit neuronal death after traumatic stretch injury, and that the drugs in combination would produce additive effects. Sex-segregated rat primary cortical neurons were treated with probenecid (100 μM) and NAC (50 μM), alone and in combination (Pro-NAC), then subjected to mechanical stretch (10s<sup>-1</sup> strain rate, 50% membrane deformation). At 24 h, both probenecid and NAC inhibited trauma-induced intracellular GSH depletion, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and propidium iodide (PI) uptake in both XY- and XX-neurons. Combined Pro-NAC treatment was superior to probenecid or NAC alone in maintenance of intracellular GSH and neuronal death assessed by PI uptake. Interestingly, caspase 3 activity 24 h after mechanical trauma was more prominent in XX-neurons, and treatment effects (probenecid, NAC, and Pro-NAC) were observed in XX- but not XY-neurons; however, XY-neurons were ultimately more vulnerable to mechanical stretch-induced injury than their XX counterparts, as was evidenced by more neuronal death detected by LDH release and PI uptake. In addition, after stretch injury in HT22 hippocampal cells, both NAC and probenecid were highly effective at reducing oxidative stress detected by dichlorofluorescein fluorescence. These in vitro data support further testing of this drug combination in models of traumatic neuronal injury in vivo.
Persistence of Benefits from New Building Commissioning (2003)

The commissioning process is gaining increasing recognition as a cost-effective strategy for reducing commercial building energy use. Although the success and costeffectiveness of commissioning activities depend on how well the benefits of commissioning persist over time, this aspect of commissioning is not well understood. The persistence of the benefits of commissioning new construction was recently studied as a part of the California Energy Commission Public Interest Energy Research program. Ten buildings that were commissioned as new buildings at least two years ago were evaluated. The commissioning reports, control algorithms, EMCS point measurements, and energy use data were examined to determine the persistence of selected items that were fixed during commissioning. Operator, owner, and commissioning provider interviews were conducted to help determine reasons for persistence and methods of improving persistence. The majority of the commissioning fixes that were studied persisted. The items that did not persist were typically changes in occupancy scheduling and cooling plant control strategies. The persistence of commissioning benefits was found to be highly dependent on the working environment for building engineers and maintenance staff. Through this investigation, we identified three main reasons that benefits of commissioning did not persist: limited operator support and high operator turnover rates, poor information transfer from the commissioning process, and a lack of systems put in place to help operators track performance. Four methods for improving persistence are proposed, focusing on operator training and system documentation.
Feature-based design evaluation through constraint structure unification (2002)

Constraint structures are presented as a new knowledge structure to encode both engineering part designs and constraints on those designs. Using a common representational form for both designs and constraints results in a number of practical advantages for a design evaluation system grounded on constraint structures. First, a graph unification algorithm generalized to operate on constraint structures is used as a mathematically elegant means of applying constraints to designs. As a side-effect of constraint structure unification, constraints are attached to design representations. Once the constraints become a part of the design representation, a part is able automatically to reevaluate relevant constraints following interactive changes to design parameters without re-invoking the unification algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Redefining Place: Femes Covert in the Stories of Mary Wilkins Freeman (1996)

Long-term survival of cultured rat cerebellar granule neurons requires depolarizing concentrations of potassium (high potassium; 25 mM KCl). A high-potassium culturing condition has been reported to increase the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which in turn induces the expression of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) in these neurons. We therefore examined the neurotrophic effect of these two neurotrophins in low-potassium (5 mM) cultures and their neuroprotective capabilities against sodium nitroprusside-induced neurotoxicity in both low- and high-potassium cultures. Neuronal survival and neurotrophic effects were monitored by [3H]ouabain binding and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays. In low-potassium cultures, the neurotrophic effect of BDNF approached that found in high-potassium cultures but was much more robust than that of NT-3. In contrast, undifferentiated neurons cultured in high-potassium medium were much less responsive to BDNF and not responsive at all to NT-3. Induction of nitroprusside neurotoxicity occurred more readily in low- than in high-potassium cultures. BDNF, NT-3, and a high potassium concentration, alone or in combination, were unable to protect neurons treated with nitroprusside at 50 or 100 microM. However, the neurotoxicity of a lower dose of nitroprusside (10 microM) was reversed by the combined actions of these two neurotrophins in low-potassium cultures and by BDNF alone in high-potassium cultures. Because nitroprusside neurotoxicity is less robust in high-potassium cultures, high-potassium-induced BDNF expression and subsequent NT-3 expression may participate in its neuroprotection and neurotrophism in these cultures. Also, we found that toxic doses of nitroprusside antagonized KCl- and NMDA-induced rises in [Ca2+]i, suggesting that this effect is related to nitroprusside-induced neurotoxicity.
Automated and Robust PERCIST-based Thresholding framework for whole body PET-CT studies (2012)

Positron emission tomography (PET) is unique for quantitatively assessing treatment response before marked morphological changes are detectable by Computed Tomography (CT). PET response criterion (PERCIST) is a widely accepted approach of assessing metabolic response of malignant lesions by using Standardized uptake value (SUV) normalized by lean body mass (LBM) with a volume of interest (VOI) reference defined in the right lobe of liver. However, the operator-dependent delineation of VOI reference is a time consuming and subjective task. Although the VOI reference can be estimated from the co-aligned CT, the low-dose CT data in PET-CT poses challenge in liver segmentation. In this study, we propose a fully automatic framework to calculate the PERCIST-based thresholding for whole-body PET-CT studies. The framework consists of multi-atlas registration and voxel classification for CT data to segment liver structure and delineate the VOI reference, which is then mapped to the PET data to derive the value of SUVLBM thresholding for PET to select regions of high metabolism. We evaluated our framework with 28 clinical studies diagnosed with lung cancer or lymphoma, and demonstrated both reliability and efficiency in depicting lesions using PERCIST thresholding.
Diabetes in non‐obese diabetic mice is not associated with quantitative changes in CD4<sup>+</sup> CD25<sup>+</sup> Foxp3<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells (2007)

The role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in maintaining self tolerance has been intensively researched and there is a growing consensus that a decline in Treg function is an important step towards the development of autoimmune diseases, including diabetes. Although we show here that CD25+ cells delay diabetes onset in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, we found, in contrast to previous reports, neither an age-related decline nor a decline following onset of diabetes in the frequency of CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that CD4+ CD25+ cells from both the spleen and pancreatic draining lymph nodes of diabetic and non-diabetic NOD mice are able to suppress the proliferation of CD4+ CD25- cells to a similar extent in vitro. We also found that pretreatment of NOD mice with anti-CD25 antibody allowed T cells with a known reactivity to islet antigen to proliferate more in the pancreatic draining lymph nodes of NOD mice, regardless of age. In addition, we demonstrated that onset of diabetes in NOD.scid mice is faster when recipients are co-administered splenocytes from diabetic NOD donors and anti-CD25. Finally, we found that although diabetic CD4+ CD25+ T cells are not as suppressive in cotransfers with effectors into NOD.scid recipients, this may not indicate a decline in Treg function in diabetic mice because over 10% of CD4+ CD25+ T cells are non-Foxp3 and the phenotype of the CD25- contaminating population significantly differs in non-diabetic and diabetic mice. This work questions whether onset of diabetes in NOD mice is associated with a decline in Treg function.
The action on certain insects of fabrics impregnated with D.D.T. (1945)

Abstract The reaction of certain insects to fabrics treated with D.D.T. is the basis of this paper. The results of the investigation show that infestation by insects can be controlled by the use of sacks impregnated with D.D.T. The tests were carried out on Calandra oryzae, Tribolium confusum and Ptinus tectus .