gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coupling and interface effects in magnetic oxide superlattices (2002)

Magnetic oxide superlattices are attractive model systems in which to study coupling and interface effects. After briefly summarizing synthesis and characterization methods, this review describes recent experimental results obtained in investigating epitaxial oxide multilayers comprised primarily of ferromagnetic/paramagnetic, ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic, and antiferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic materials. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for exchange coupling, exchange biasing, and novel magnetic structures.
Radiation-pressure induced mechanical oscillation of an optical microcavity (2006)

Microcavities can enter a regime where radiation pressure causes oscillation of mechanical cavity eigenmodes. We present a detailed experimental and theoretical understanding of this effect, and report direct scanning probe spectroscopy of the micro-mechanical modes.
The Discriminant Analysis Used by the IRS to Predict Profitable Individual Tax Return Audits (2008)

This paper discusses past and current methods the IRS uses to determine which individual income tax returns to audit. The IRS currently uses the discriminant function to give all individual tax returns two scores; one based on whether it should be audited or not and one based on if the return is likely to have unreported income. The discriminant function is determined by the IRS’s National Research Program, which takes a sample of returns and ensures their accuracy. Previously, the function was determined by the IRS’s Taxpayer Compliance Measurement Program. However, this was too burdensome and time consuming for taxpayers. The data mining techniques of decision trees, regression, and neural networks were researched to determine if the IRS should change its method. Unfortunately IRS tax data were not obtainable due to their confidentiality; therefore credit data from a German bank was used to compare discriminant analysis results to the three new methods. All of the methods were run to predict creditworthiness and were compared based on misclassification rates. The neural network had the best classification rate closely followed by regression, the decision tree, and then discriminant analysis. Since this comparison is not based on IRS tax data, no conclusion can be made whether the IRS should change its method or not, but because all methods had very close classification rates, it would be worthwhile for the IRS to look into them.
Sidelobe Suppression in NC-OFDM Systems using Phase Shift (2008)

High sidelobe power could cause strong interference to primary users in the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based cognitive radio systems, i. e. non-contiguous (NC) OFDM systems. In this paper, a phase shift method for sidelobe suppression for NC-OFDM systems is proposed and investigated. Instead of multiplying the phase shift sequences with all the active subcarriers, we consider applying these sequences to the subcarriers on the border of cognitive user's band since they affect the primary users most. Simulation results show that significant gain is achieved in sidelobe suppression and little change is introduced to the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in the proposed algorithm.
Directional wavelet transforms for prediction residuals in video coding (2009)

Various directional transforms have been developed recently to improve image compression. In video compression, however, prediction residuals of image intensities, such as the motion compensation residual or the resolution enhancement residual, are transformed. The applicability of the directional transforms on prediction residuals have not been carefully investigated. In this paper, we briefly discuss differing characteristics of prediction residuals and images, and propose directional transforms specifically designed for prediction residuals. We compare these transforms with the directional transforms proposed for images using prediction residuals. The results of the comparison indicate that our proposed directional transforms can provide better compression of prediction residuals than the directional transforms proposed for images.
Relation of endocrine‐paracrine cells to cell proliferation in normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic human prostate (1991)

The relative distribution pattern of the pan-endocrine marker Chromogranin A (Chr A) and the proliferation-associated Ki-67 antigen was investigated in 20 prospectively sampled prostatectomy specimens. In cryostat sections, the Chr A immunoreactivity showed evidence of endocrine differentiation in all 15 prostatic adenocarcinomas. Nine tumors displayed a weak, 5 a moderate, and 1 adenocarcinoma a strong endocrine differentiation. These findings highlight the importance of endocrine differentiation in prostate malignancy that histologically resembles ordinary adenocarcinomas. The simultaneous demonstration of Ki-67 and Chr A revealed that in normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic prostate tissue Chr A-positive cells were preferentially situated in proximity to Ki-67-labeled cells. This relative distribution pattern of both markers may indicate that endocrine cells are involved in controlling cell proliferation through a paracrine hormonal mechanism. However, an obvious correlation was not found between the degree of endocrine differentiation and proliferative activity in prostatic adenocarcinomas. Furthermore, a coexpression of Ki-67 and Chr A in the same (tumor) cells was not observed suggesting that the endocrine phenotype is only expressed in the G0 phase of the cell cycle as well as in normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic conditions.
Successive Transitions in Electrohydrodynamic Instabilities of Nematics (1978)

As well known with increase of the applied stress the flow state changes successively from rest state to turbulent flow. In the case of the electrohydrodynamics the similar phenomenon is observed. The result of various paterns observed was arranged in the phase diagram. It is very similar to Krishnamurti's phase diagram. At these bifurcations, many anomalies were observed, for examples increase of the fluctuations of light transmitted and the similar phenomena to the critical slowing down.
Efficient Synthesis of <i>N</i>-2-Aryl-1,2,3-Triazole Fluorophores via Post-Triazole Arylation (2008)

Efficient post-triazole regioselective N-2 arylation was developed from C-4, C-5 disubstituted-1,2,3-NH-triazoles. Three different approaches had been investigated, including S(N)Ar, Cu(I) catalyzed aryl amidation and Cu(II) mediated boronic acid coupling. The N-2-aryl triazoles were successfully synthesized with excellent yields. The structures were characterized by X-ray crystallography and some N-2-triazole products gave strong fluorescence with various emission controlled by the C-5 groups.
Zinc Compounds (2000)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Zinc Halides 1.1. Zinc Fluoride 1.2. Zinc Chloride 1.3. Zinc Bromide 1.4. Zinc Iodide 2. Zinc Sulfate 3. Toxicology and Occupational Health
Electrophysiologic transition from physiologic tremor to essential tremor (2005)

We electrophysiologically examined the transition from physiologic tremor to essential tremor in people at risk for familial essential tremor. Two healthy people from different families with hereditary essential tremor were studied on multiple occasions. A 23-year-old man was studied in 1995, 1997, and 2004, and a 44-year-old woman was studied in 1993, 1995, 1997, and 2003. Hand acceleration and forearm electromyographic readings were measured with and without 300-g loading to determine the characteristic frequency-invariant motor unit entrainment of essential tremor. Clinically and electrophysiologically, the man and woman had normal tremor until the last examination, when both exhibited a fine tremulousness in the outstretched hands and frequency-invariant motor unit entrainment at 7.5 and 6.5 Hz, respectively. At no time did either patient exhibit a prominent 8-12 Hz component of physiologic tremor. Essential tremor in young adults may begin at frequencies less than 8-12 Hz, and this electrophysiologic abnormality is detectable when clinical examinations reveal only questionably abnormal tremor. More young adults at risk for essential tremor must be studied to determine whether initial frequencies less than 8 Hz are the rule or the exception. Nevertheless, the data from our 2 patients demonstrate that a prominent 8-12 Hz component of physiologic tremor does not always precede the development of essential tremor; therefore, the origins of essential tremor and the 8-12 Hz component of physiologic tremor may be different.
Learning Semantic Maps from Natural Language Descriptions (2013)

This paper proposes an algorithm that enables robots to efficiently learn human-centric models of their environment from natural language descriptions. Typical semantic mapping approaches augment metric maps with higher-level properties of the robot's surroundings (e.g., place type, object locations), but do not use this information to improve the metric map. The novelty of our algorithm lies in fusing high-level knowledge, conveyed by speech, with metric information from the robot's low-level sensor streams. Our method jointly estimates a hybrid metric, topological, and semantic representation of the environment. This semantic graph provides a common framework in which we integrate concepts from natural language descriptions (e.g., labels and spatial relations) with metric observations from low-level sensors. Our algorithm efficiently maintains a factored distribution over semantic graphs based upon the stream of natural language and low-level sensor information. We evaluate the algorithm's performance and demonstrate that the incorporation of information from natural language increases the metric, topological and semantic accuracy of the recovered environment model.
Analysis of molybdenum-99 production capability in the materials test station (2009)

The United States of America currently relies on foreign suppliers to meet all of it needs for molybdenum-99 (Mo-99) used in medical diagnostic procedures. The current US demand is at least 5000 six-day curies per week. Neutronics calculations have been performed to assess whether the proposed Materials Test Station (MTS) could potentially generate Mo-99. Two target material options have been explored for Mo-99 production in the MTS: low enriched uranium (LEU) and Tc-99. For LEU, scoping calculations indicate that MTS can supply nearly half of the current US demand with only minor neutronic impact on the MTS primary mission. For the Tc-99 option, the MTS could produce about one-tenth of the US demand.
Aging-Postponing Effects of Orcadian Melatonin: Experimental Evidence, Significance and Possible Mechanisms (1990)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKey Words: agingepiphysismelatoninthyrotropin releasing hormone
Longitudinal Modeling of Age-Related Memory Decline and the<i>APOE</i>ε4 Effect (2009)

Age-related memory decline in APOE epsilon4 carriers diverges from that of noncarriers before the age of 60 years, despite ongoing normal clinical status.
Induction of differentiation of the human histiocytic lymphoma cell line U-937 by 1 alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. (1983)

Some clones of the human histiocytic lymphoma line, U-937, were induced to differentiate into monocyte-like cells with loss of plating efficiency in agar by incubation with 0.1 to 10 nM 1 alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3]. At 1 nM, 40% of the cells of one sensitive clone exhibited differentiation after 2 days of incubation judging from assays for phagocytosis and capacity to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium. Induction appeared to occur by binding of the cholecalciferol to a specific cytoplasmic and/or nuclear receptor for 1,25(OH)2D3. However, the presence of this receptor was not sufficient for differentiation, since one clone which contained the receptor did not respond with differentiation upon addition of 1,25(OH)2D3. Differentiation induction did not require DNA synthesis but was blocked by agents which inhibit RNA or protein synthesis. It was also blocked by the calcium ionophore A 23187. A synergistic inducing effect was seen between 1,25(OH)2D3 and retinoic acid. In addition, the U-937 cells could be primed by a short incubation with 1,25(OH)2D3 to respond, with maturation, to the addition of agents which increase the intracellular level of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate, such as prostaglandin E2, cholera toxin, and N6,O2'-dibutyryl adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate and which alone did not induce differentiation. Priming does not depend on the normal rate of RNA or protein synthesis, since it was not significantly inhibited by actinomycin D, cordycepin, or cycloheximide. It remains to be determined if unoccupied receptors for 1,25(OH)2D3 are present in fresh leukemia cells and if such cells can sometimes be induced to differentiate upon addition of cholecalciferol.
The Src Kinase Lck Facilitates Assembly of HIV-1 at the Plasma Membrane (2008)

HIV type 1 (HIV-1) assembly and egress are driven by the viral protein Gag and occur at the plasma membrane in T cells. Recent evidence indicates that secretory vesicles and machinery are essential components of virus packaging in both T cells and macrophages. However, the pathways and cellular mediators of Gag targeting to the plasma membrane are not well characterized. Lck, a lymphoid specific Src kinase critical for T cell activation, is found in the plasma membrane as well as various intracellular compartments and it has been suggested to influence HIV-1 replication. To investigate Lck as a potential regulator of Gag targeting, we assessed HIV-1 replication and Gag-induced virus-like particle release in the presence and absence of Lck. Release of HIV-1 and virus-like particles was reduced in the absence of Lck. This decrease in replication was not due to altered HIV-1 infection, transcription or protein translation. However, in T cells lacking Lck, HIV-1 accumulated intracellularly. In addition, expressing Lck in HeLa cells promoted HIV-1 Gag plasma membrane localization. Palmitoylation of the Lck unique domain, which is essential for directing Lck to the plasma membrane, was critical for its effect on HIV-1 replication. Furthermore, HIV-1 Gag directly interacted with the Lck unique domain in the context of infected cells. These results indicate that Lck plays a key role in targeting HIV-1 Gag to the plasma membrane in T cells.
Chemical Reactions of Caprolactam (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical Reactions of CaprolactamRichard E. Benson and Theodore L. CairnsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 6, 2115–2118Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1948https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01186a035Request reuse permissionsArticle Views1323Altmetric-Citations126LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (511 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Non-biased distribution of tomato genes with no counterparts in Arabidopsis thaliana in expression patterns during fruit maturation (2006)

We prepared DNA array nylon filters using 10,905 cDNA clones selected from fruit and leaf cDNA libraries of the miniature tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivar, Micro-Tom, as being representative of non-redundant sequences of 37,972 Micro-Tom expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Tomato gene expression during fruit maturation was analyzed using the array filters. Graphs of gene expression patterns were arranged into a 4×4 array using a self-organizing map algorithm. Using non-redundant sequences generated from 188,024 tomato ESTs, we assigned the cDNA clones on the array filters to 1151 genes that had no counterparts in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome using stringent conditions for e-values of BLAST searching. We found that the expression patterns of these non-Arabidopsis genes were evenly distributed in the self-organizing map, with no statistically significant difference with the distributions of whole genes. These findings suggested that the non-Arabidopsis genes participate in a wide variety of diverse functions during fruit maturation.
Loss Reduction of GeO<sub>2</sub>-Doped Silica Waveguide with High Refractive Index Difference by High-Temperature Annealing (2000)

The effect of a GeO 2 -doped core on high-temperature annealing has been investigated to reduce the propagation loss of a waveguide device with high refractive index difference (Δ). A SiO 2 –GeO 2 waveguide core was prepared on a fused silica substrate by rf magnetron sputtering and reactive ion etching. With increasing the annealing temperature, the roughness of the core side-wall gradually disappears and the rectangular core gradually becomes rounded. The effect of smoothing and rounding the cores was a significant reduction of the scattering loss, and moreover, it enabled the complete embedding of narrow gaps between cores in cladding glass using conventional plasma chemical vapor deposition. The propagation loss of the waveguide with a Δ of 1.5% was 0.07 dB/cm at 1.55 µm wavelength, the effect of which was demonstrated in the fabrication of an arrayed-waveguide grating demultiplexer.
Isolation from an Ant Myrmecia gulosa of Two Inducible O-Glycosylated Proline-rich Antibacterial Peptides (1998)

Reported here is the isolation and characterization of two antibacterial peptides synthesized in an ant Myrmecia gulosa in response to bacterial challenge. The peptides were purified by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography and characterized by peptide sequencing and mass spectrometry. Both peptides were formed from 16 amino acids, were rich in proline ( approximately 30%), and had N-acetylgalactosamine O-linked to a conserved threonine. The activity of a synthetic non-glycosylated isoform was markedly reduced demonstrating that glycosylation was necessary for maximum activity. The peptides were active only against growing Escherichia coli. They were inactive against stationary cells, Gram-positive bacteria, the yeast Candida albicans, two species of mammalian cells, and bovine pestivirus.
CHUA’S CIRCUIT: AN OVERVIEW TEN YEARS LATER (1994)

More than 200 papers, two special issues (Journal of Circuits, Systems, and Computers, March, June, 1993, and IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems, vol. 40, no. 10, October, 1993), an International Workshop on Chua’s Circuit: chaotic phenomena and applica tions at NOLTA’93, and a book (edited by R.N. Madan, World Scientific, 1993) on Chua’s circuit have been published since its inception a decade ago. This review paper attempts to present an overview of these timely publications, almost all within the last six months, and to identify four milestones of this very active research area. An important milestone is the recent fabrication of a monolithic Chua’s circuit. The robustness of this IC chip demonstrates that an array of Chua’s circuits can also be fabricated into a monolithic chip, thereby opening the floodgate to many unconventional applications in information technology, synergetics, and even music. The second milestone is the recent global unfolding of Chua’s circuit, obtained by adding a linear resistor in series with the inductor to obtain a canonical Chua’s circuit— now generally referred to as Chua’s oscillator. This circuit is most significant because it is structurally the simplest (it contains only 6 circuit elements) but dynamically the most complex among all nonlinear circuits and systems described by a 21-parameter family of continuous odd-symmetric piecewise-linear vector fields. The third milestone is the recent discovery of several important new phenomena in Chua’s circuits, e.g., stochastic resonance, chaos-chaos type intermittency, 1/f noise spectrum, etc. These new phenomena could have far-reaching theoretical and practical significance. The fourth milestone is the theoretical and experimental demonstration that Chua’s circuit can be easily controlled from a chaotic regime to a prescribed periodic or constant orbit, or it can be synchronized with 2 or more identical Chua’s circuits, operating in an oscillatory, or a chaotic regime. These recent breakthroughs have ushered in a new era where chaos is deliberately created and exploited for unconventional applications, e.g. secure communication.
Neonatal Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection May Aggravate Adulthood Allergic Airways Disease in Association with IL-17A (2015)

Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that some bacteria colonization or infections in early-life increased the risk for subsequent asthma development. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which early-life bacterial infection increases this risk. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of neonatal Streptococcus pneumoniae infection on the development of adulthood asthma, and to explore the possible mechanism. A non-lethal S. pneumoniae lung infection was established by intranasal inoculation of neonatal (1-week-old) female mice with D39. Mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin in adulthood to induce allergic airways disease (AAD). Twenty-four hours later, the lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected to assess AAD. Neonatal S. pneumoniae infection exacerbated adulthood hallmark features of AAD, with enhanced airway hyperresponsiveness and increased neutrophil recruitment into the airways, increased Th17 cells and interleukin (IL)-17A productions. Depletion of IL-17A by i.p. injection of a neutralizing monoclonal antibody reduced neutrophil recruitment into the airways, alleviated airway inflammation and decreased airway hyperresponsiveness. Furthermore, IL-17A depletion partially restored levels of inteferon-γ, but had no effect on the release of IL-5 or IL-13. Our data suggest that neonatal S. pneumoniae infection may promote the development of adulthood asthma in association with increased IL-17A production.
Proteomic comparison between human young and old brains by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and identification of proteins (2003)

To investigate molecular mechanisms of human brain aging, brain proteins were isolated from postmortem human young and old brains and profiled by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). With the help of special software, five down-regulated protein spots in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis gels of old brains were found compared with young brains, four of which was identified as a protein similar to peroxiredoxin 2 (accession-numbered as gi | 13631440), two of stathmin (phosphoprotein p19) and apolipoprotein A-I precursor (apo-AI) by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Eight common proteins, whose expressions were not altered between young and old brains, were also identified. The possible relevance of changes was analyzed. This study shows that the contribution of proteomics could be valuable in experimental gerontology field.