gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic cropping of images under projective transformation (2019)

The paper considers the problem of images cropping obtained by projective transformation of source images. The problem is highly relevant to analysis of projective distorted images. We propose two cropping algorithms based on estimation of pixel stretching under the transformation. The algorithms use the ratio of pixel neighborhood areas and the ratio of their chord lengths. The methods comparison is conducted by estimation of cropped background relative areas. The experiment uses real dataset containing projective distorted images of the pages of Russian civil passports. The method based on chord lengths ratio shows better results on highly distorted images.
Evaluation of the air caloric test as a routine examination procedure (1973)

Abstract The nystagmus responses of normal subjects to air and water caloric irrigations of comparable temperatures were compared. Irrigations of 0° air for 60 sec were found to produce nystagmus responses equal in amplitude, frequency and eye‐speed to those evoked by irrigations of 5 cc of ice water. Ice water produced significantly longer responses than did 0° air (mean difference = 11.6 sec). Responses to bithermal air stimuli of 24° C and 50° C were compared to those produced by 30°C and 44° C water. No significant differences were found between the cool stimuli for any of the measures. The warm stimuli produced responses of equal eye‐speed, but the water responses were significantly greater than those of air when the measures of total amplitude, frequency and duration were compared; thus, air stimulation was the preferred method of performing the standard caloric test, since the air responses were equal in reliability to those of water and because of the advantages of the use of air, which include greater convenience, patient tolerance, applicability, and flexibility.
The Structure and Infrared Absorption Spectra of Polynitrophenylmethylnitramines and Polynitroanilines<sup>1</sup> (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Structure and Infrared Absorption Spectra of Polynitrophenylmethylnitramines and Polynitroanilines1W. C. Lothrop, G. R. Handrick, and R. M. HainerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 8, 3581–3584Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1951https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01152a010RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views272Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (514 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Evidence of seasonality and effects of psychrometry in dry eye disease (2016)

Our study confirmed high prevalence of both seasonal and weather-related enhancement of dry eye sensations and symptoms.
Using the graphics processor unit to realize data streaming operations (2009)

Software development kits (SDKs) and supporting tools for Graphics Processor Units (GPUs) have matured and they now enable the implementation of complex middleware that takes advantage of the additional processing power. Working in synergy with CPUs, GPUs are suitable for executing highly parallelized tasks on streams of data. In this paper, we investigate the realization of effective operations on streams of data using GPU resources. We suggest a model for computing basic SQL-like queries that include unary/binary logical operators, membership queries as well as joins based on nested-loops. We also propose a framework that exploits the above core operations to offer a generalized computing environment for managing streams of data. Through experimentation with the NVIDIA CUDA SDK, we show sizable benefits in obtaining shorter response times not only for simple operations but also for more complex queries on streams.
<i>Eg</i>MYB2, a new transcriptional activator from <i>Eucalyptus</i> xylem, regulates secondary cell wall formation and lignin biosynthesis (2005)

Summary EgMYB2, a member of a new subgroup of the R2R3 MYB family of transcription factors, was cloned from a library consisting of RNA from differentiating Eucalyptus xylem. EgMYB2 maps to a unique locus on the Eucalyptus grandis linkage map and co-localizes with a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for lignin content. Recombinant EgMYB2 protein was able to bind specifically the cis-regulatory regions of the promoters of two lignin biosynthetic genes, cinnamoyl-coenzyme A reductase (CCR) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), which contain MYB consensus binding sites. EgMYB2 was also able to regulate their transcription in both transient and stable expression assays. Transgenic tobacco plants over-expressing EgMYB2 displayed phenotypic changes relative to wild-type plants, among which were a dramatic increase in secondary cell wall thickness, and an alteration of the lignin profiles. Transcript abundance of genes encoding enzymes specific to lignin biosynthesis was increased to varying extents according to the position of individual genes in the pathway, whereas core phenylpropanoid genes were not significantly affected. Together these results suggest a role for EgMYB2 in the co-ordinated control of genes belonging to the monolignol-specific pathway, and therefore in the biosynthesis of lignin and the regulation of secondary cell wall formation.
A new method to express functional permissibilities for LUT based FPGAs and its applications (1996)

This paper presents a new method to express functional permissibilities for look-up table (LUT) based field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The method represents functional permissibilities by using sets of pairs of functions, not by incompletely specified functions. It makes good use of the properties of LUTs such that their internal logics can be freely changed. The permissibilities expressed by the proposed method have the desired property that at many points of a network they can be simultaneously treated. Applications of the proposed method are also presented; a method to optimize networks and a method to remove connections that are obstacles at the routing step. Preliminary experimental results are given to show the effectiveness of our proposed method.
A Peptide Representing the Carboxyl-terminal Tail of the Met Receptor Inhibits Kinase Activity and Invasive Growth (1999)

Interaction of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) with its receptor, the Met tyrosine kinase, results in invasive growth, a genetic program essential to embryonic development and implicated in tumor metastasis. Met-mediated invasive growth requires autophosphorylation of the receptor on tyrosines located in the kinase activation loop (Tyr(1234)-Tyr(1235)) and in the carboxyl-terminal tail (Tyr(1349)-Tyr(1356)). We report that peptides derived from the Met receptor tail, but not from the activation loop, bind the receptor and inhibit the kinase activity in vitro. Cell delivery of the tail receptor peptide impairs HGF-dependent Met phosphorylation and downstream signaling. In normal and transformed epithelial cells, the tail receptor peptide inhibits HGF-mediated invasive growth, as measured by cell migration, invasiveness, and branched morphogenesis. The Met tail peptide inhibits the closely related Ron receptor but does not significantly affect the epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, or vascular endothelial growth factor receptor activities. These experiments show that carboxyl-terminal sequences impair the catalytic properties of the Met receptor, thus suggesting that in the resting state the nonphosphorylated tail acts as an intramolecular modulator. Furthermore, they provide a strategy to selectively target the MET proto-oncogene by using small, cell-permeable, peptide derivatives.
The reptile eye (2019)

A wide range of genetic diversity gives rise to many differences between the eyes of different reptile species. This chapter covers anatomy and physiology, what and how reptiles see and ophthalmic examination, as well as the aetiology, diagnosis and management of a wide range of ocular diseases.
Aspergillus nidulans Infection in Chronic Granulomatous Disease (1998)

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare inherited disorder of the NADPH oxidase complex in which phagocytes are defective in generating reactive oxidants. As a result, patients with CGD suffer from recurrent bacterial and fungal infections. The most common fungal infections are caused by Aspergillus species. Aspergillus nidulans is a rare pathogen in most patient populations with quantitative or qualitative neutrophil defects. We have reviewed all cases in which A. nidulans was isolated from patients at the National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, MD) between 1976 and 1997. A. nidulans infection occurred in 6 patients with CGD, but was not a pathogen in any other patient group. Aspergillus fumigatus was a more common pathogen in CGD compared with A. nidulans, but A. nidulans was more virulent. A. nidulans was significantly more likely to result in death compared with A. fumigatus, to involve adjacent bone, and to cause disseminated disease. Patients with A. nidulans received longer courses of amphotericin B therapy than patients with A. fumigatus, and were treated with surgery more often. In contrast to A. fumigatus, A. nidulans was generally refractory to intensive antifungal therapy, suggesting that early surgery may be important. These data show that A. nidulans is a distinct pathogen in CGD and its isolation carries more severe implications than that of A. fumigatus.
Zeta Potential Mediated Reaction Monitoring on Nano and Microparticles (2011)

Nano and microparticles are widely used across the life science interface, with applications ranging from chemical probes of biological function to fluorescent particles for flow cytometry and cellular tracking. Increasingly, particles are modified with a variety of chemistries to boost their functionality and broaden their biological applicability. However, although particle modification has become standard laboratory practice, the ability to determine the extent and efficiency of chemical modification is often very limited and empirical in nature. Herein, we report the use of zeta potential analysis as a simple and rapid "direct-on-particle" approach allowing levels of bead modification and derivatization to be evaluated. As a proof-of-concept, aminomethyl-functionalized nano and microparticles were derivatized to display a variety of surface functionalities and their zeta potentials measured, allowing verification of the applicability of the approach for particle analysis. We demonstrate that zeta potential measurement is a convenient approach which allows multistep reaction sequences to be followed, and show that this method can be used to verify and validate successful particle modification.
Visual Enantiomeric Recognition Using Chiral Phenolphthalein Derivatives (2001)

[structure: see text] Optically active artificial host molecules 2-5 based on a phenolphthalein skeleton have been prepared for visual enantiomeric recognition of alanine derivatives 8 and 9. The receptor 3 discriminates (R)-8 and (R)-9 from (S)-8 and (S)-9, respectively, to develop a purple color.
A mathematical model of the Class D converter for compact fluorescent ballasts (1995)

The time-harmonic analysis is often used to design the class D converter. Since the Q of the resonant network is often low, this analysis, in the form of the sinusoidal approximation, begins to lose accuracy. This paper explores an improved method of designing compact fluorescent ballasts via the square wave approximation (SWA), where the time domain equations are solved for the general case of arbitrary Q, duty ratio, and frequency. A precise mathematical model of the Class D converter is developed that predicts the currents and voltages of the converter and these solutions are compared with computer simulation. Nonlinear programming (NLP) is introduced as a means to design the ballast for the lowest conduction losses. The equations developed in the mathematical model are formulated into a NLP format that includes the self-oscillating case.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Behavior of Ash in the High Temperature Coal Gasification Reactor (1983)

The coal gasification for the synthetic gas needs high temperature reaction more than 1, 100°C. But at that high temperature, the ash in the coal is shown complicate behavior from soild phase to liquid phase.The authors are considered on the behavior of the ash at high temperature in this paper.As rising the ash temperature, first, the compounds in the ash which has low melting points, begin to melt and to show sticky property.Next, the ash is change to slurry, and last, melt all over the ash and change to liquid phase.When add some CaO to the ash, the melting point of the ash is more higher than the original ash. When add some Fe2O3, liquidus slag viscosity of the ash is down remarkably.
Oral insulin – a review of current status (2009)

Oral insulin is one of the most exciting areas of development in the treatment of diabetes because of its potential benefit in patient convenience, rapid insulinization of liver, adequate insulin delivery avoiding peripheral hyperinsulinaemia while potentially avoiding adverse effects of weight gain and hypoglycaemia. Growing evidence that earlier initiation of intensive insulin therapy produces sustained tight glycaemic control resulting in substantial delay in complications makes an effective oral insulin product even more vital for the management of patients with diabetes. Despite knowledge of this unmet medical need, oral delivery of insulin has been unsuccessful because of several barriers. For several decades, researchers have tried to develop oral insulin using various technologies without much clinical or commercial success. This review summarizes the development status of oral insulins which are publicly reported to be undergoing clinical studies. Currently, two oral insulin products are in an advanced stage of clinical development and first data from long-term therapy are expected to be available in the second half of 2010.
Bilinear signal processing using acoustic surface waves (1974)

Nonlinear interactions between noncollinear ASW with exact phase matching provide a special kind of convolution and correlation, according to the ratio ω1/ω2 of the input frequencies. It means that the time scale at the output port depending on this ratio, time compression or expansion can be achieved. The same device can be used for both correlation and convolution with equal NL conversion efficiency.
A Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe for Rapid Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide in Mitochondria (2013)

Quick: An exogenously induced quick increase of the H2S concentration (80 s) in MCF-7 cells can be visualized by ratiometric imaging using a new probe (CouMC) that can target mitochondria. CouMC was constructed by combining merocyanine and coumarin fluorophores. The selective nucleophilic addition of HS− to the merocyanine derivative at neutral pH is crucial for the rapid H2S detection. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A substrate-mode holographic collimating and beam shaping element for laser diodes (1997)

A new type of substrate-mode holographic collimating and beam shaping element for laser diodes is presented. Techniques and design considerations are described. A sample is fabricated and its function is demonstrated. It has many merits, such as easy fabrication, low cost, compactness of monolithic structure, and is easily used.
XDB - A Novel Database Architecture for Data Analytics as a Service (2014)

Parallel shared-nothing database systems are major platforms for efficiently analyzing large amounts of structured data. However, in order to offer SQL-like services for data analytics in the cloud, providers such as Amazon and Google do not use these systems as a basis. A major reason for this trend is that existing parallel shared-nothing database systems are expensive and that they do not fulfill many of the requirements such as elasticity and fault-tolerance needed for providing a service for data analytics in the cloud. In this paper, we present an overview of an elastic and fault-tolerant database system called XDB, which supports complex analytics. XDB builds on the following novel concepts: (1) a partitioning scheme that supports elasticity with regard to data and queries, (2) a cost-based fault-tolerance scheme that allows to recover from mid-query faults, and (3) adaptive parallelization techniques to better support complex analytical queries. XDB is implemented using a middleware approach on top of multiple nodes each hosting an instance of a single node database system (MySQL in our prototype). Initial experiments show that our novel concepts effectively support elasticity, fault-tolerance and complex analytics when compared to the traditional behavior of existing databases.
Quantum image control through polarization entanglement in parametric down-conversion (2003)

We demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally the manipulation of quantum entangled images, using the coupling between polarization entanglement and the entanglement for the transverse degrees of freedom. Starting from a two-crystal bright source of polarization-entangled photons, we arrive at a configuration in which we are able to prepare superposition states for the down-converted angular spectrum while the polarization superposition state is preserved. This scheme allows us to select the detected quantum image by performing projections onto polarization subspaces. We also demonstrate the potential of the system for applications to quantum cryptography of images.
Modeling and forecasting product returns: An industry case study (2015)

The paper presents an industry case study on modeling and forecasting product returns in remanufacturing industry. Based on return patterns of 36 products over 20 months, Holt's and ARIMA methods are identified as the appropriate methods to forecast the future returns of 36 products. To decide which method is more accurate for forecasting the future return of each product, we use MAE, MAPE, and RMSE to evaluate the forecasting accuracy. The accurate method is recommended for forecasting each product.
Relation between short-range order and crystallization behavior in Zr-based amorphous alloys (2000)

We have examined the effect of Ti and cooling rate on the crystallization of Zr62−xTixCu20Ni8Al10(0⩽x⩽10) amorphous alloys. Ti stabilizes an icosahedral phase in Zr62−xTixCu20Ni8Al10(0⩽x⩽10) alloys. Without Ti (x=0), crystallization produces cubic and tetragonal intermetallic phases, and the crystallization temperature shows no dependence on the cooling rate at which the amorphous alloy was produced. The alloys containing Ti (3⩽x⩽10) precipitate an icosahedral quasicrystalline phase upon annealing, and show a significant reduction of crystallization temperatures with decreasing cooling rates of casting. We propose that the undercooled melts and amorphous alloys have icosahedral short-range order. The degree of short-range order or medium-range order in the amorphous alloys increases with decreasing cooling rate. Crystallization is easier when the precipitating phase resembles the short-range order of the amorphous solid. Therefore, the crystallization temperature is reduced when the precipitates are icosahedral. The dissimilarity between the structures of the precipitates and the short-range order in amorphous Zr62Cu20Ni8Al10 may be one of the reasons for its very wide supercooled liquid region.
NADPH Oxidase 4-Derived H<sub><b>2</b></sub>O<sub><b>2</b></sub>Promotes Aberrant Retinal Neovascularization via Activation of VEGF Receptor 2 Pathway in Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy (2015)

NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) is a major isoform of NADPH oxidase in retinal endothelial cells. Our previous study suggests that upregulation of Nox4 in retinal endothelial cells contributes to retinal vascular leakage in diabetes. In the current study, we investigated the role and mechanism of Nox4 in regulation of retinal neovascularization (NV), a hallmark of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), using a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Our results confirmed that Nox4 was expressed predominantly in retinal vasculature of mouse retina. Retinal expression of Nox4 was markedly increased in OIR, in parallel with enhanced phosphorylation of ERK. In human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRECs), overexpression of Nox4 by adenovirus significantly increased extracellular H 2 O 2 generation, resulting in intensified VEGFR2 activation and exacerbated angiogenesis upon VEGF stimulation. In contrast, silencing Nox4 expression or scavenging H 2 O 2 by polyethylene glycol- (PEG-) conjugated catalase inhibited endothelial migration, tube formation, and VEGF-induced activation of VEGFR2 signaling. Importantly, knockdown of retinal Nox4 by adenovirus-delivered siRNA significantly reduced ERK activation and attenuated retinal NV formation in OIR. Taken together, our data indicate that Nox4 promotes retinal NV formation through H 2 O 2 /VEGFR2/ERK signaling pathway. Reducing retinal Nox4 expression may represent a promising therapeutic approach for neovascular retinal diseases such as PDR.
<scp>l</scp> -Kynurenine, an amino acid identified as a sex pheromone in the urine of ovulated female masu salmon (2006)

Many animals employ sex pheromones to find mating partners during their reproductive seasons. However, most sex pheromones of vertebrates remain to be identified. Over the past 20 years, steroids and prostaglandins have been identified as sex pheromones in several fishes. These pheromones are broadly termed "hormonal pheromones" because they or their precursors act as hormones in these fishes. Hitherto, no other type of sex pheromone has been unambiguously identified in teleost fish. Here we report the identification of a "nonhormonal pheromone" in teleost fish. The urine of the reproductively mature female masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) contains a male-attracting pheromone. Bioassay-guided fractionation yielded an active compound that was identical to L-kynurenine in spectral and chromatographic properties. L-Kynurenine is a major metabolite of L-tryptophan in vertebrates. This pheromone elicits a male-specific behavior at even picomolar concentrations; its electrophysiological threshold is 10(-14) M. L-Kynurenine is a reasonable substance for female masu salmon to advertise their readiness for mating.