gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Green Fluorescent Protein Labeling of Primordial Germ Cells Using a Nontransgenic Method and Its Application for Germ Cell Transplantation in Salmonidae1 (2005)

Transplanting primordial germ cells (PGCs) has a number of potential applications in fish bioengineering. Previously, we established a system to visualize live PGCs in the rainbow trout by introducing the green fluorescent protein (Gfp) gene driven by rainbow trout vasa gene regulatory regions. However, for PGC transplantation to be practically useful in aquaculture, visualization of PGCs using a nontransgenic technique is required. In this study, we demonstrate a method for labeling PGCs from various fish species by introducing chimeric RNAs composed of the Gfp coding region and vasa gene 3'-untranslated regions (UTRs); these sequences play a critical role in stabilizing mRNA in zebrafish PGCs. The GFP chimeric RNAs, including vasa 3'-UTR RNAs from rainbow trout, Nibe croaker, and zebrafish, were microinjected into the cytoplasm of fertilized eggs of several Salmonidae species. All the resulting embryos showed specific labeling in PGCs after the somatogenesis stage, which continued to be visible for at least 50 days. To apply this technique to PGC transplantation, PGCs labeled with chimeric RNA were microinjected into the peritoneal cavity of newly hatched salmonid embryos. The GFP labeling was sufficiently long-lived for the initial stage of donor PGC behavior to be followed in the recipient embryos. Importantly, donor PGCs from brown trout and masu salmon were incorporated into xenogeneic genital ridges in recipient rainbow trout. This nontransgenic method for labeling fish PGCs should be extremely useful for applications of PGC transplantation where the resulting progeny are to be released into the environment, such as PGC cryopreservation for fish stocks and surrogate brood stock technology.
Neutrophil activation in sickle cell disease (1999)

Vascular occlusion is the main cause of the morbidity and mortality observed in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Increasing evidence indicates that (activated) neutrophils could play an important role in the initiation and propagation of vaso-occlusive processes in SCD. In this study, the activation state of neutrophils in sickle cell patients was analyzed by determining the level of expression of neutrophil antigens such as CD62L, CD11b, CD66b, CD63, and Fcgamma receptors. We also analyzed plasma levels of lactoferrin, elastase, soluble (s)CD16 (sFcgammaRIII), and serum levels of soluble (s)CD62L (sL-selectin) as neutrophil activation markers in these patients. Significant differences were observed in the activation state of neutrophils in non-symptomatic sickle cell patients compared to healthy HbAA controls as exemplified by significant decrease in L-selectin expression, enhanced expression of CD64, and increased levels of soluble markers like sL-selectin, elastase, and sCD16. During vaso-occlusive crisis the differences were even more pronounced. These results show neutrophils to be activated in sickle cell patients, suggesting a role of importance in the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease.
An Orientation based Image CAPTCHA (2009)

CAPTCHA is now almost a standard security technology, and has found widespread application in commercial websites.To date, almost all CAPTCHA designs are labeling based.Labeling based CAPTCHAs refer to those that make judgment based on whether the question "what is it?"has been correctly answered.Essentially in Artificial Intelligence (AI), this means judgment depends on whether the new label provided by the user side matches the label already known to the server.Labeling based CAPTCHA designs have some common weaknesses that can be taken advantage of attackers.First, the label set, i.e., the number of classes, is small and fixed.Due to deformation and noise in CAPTCHAs, the classes have to be further reduced to avoid confusion.Second, clean segmentation in current design, in particular character labeling based CAPTCHAs, is feasible.Sometimes, it is even trivial.The state of the art of CAPTCHA design suggests that the robustness of character labeling schemes should rely on the difficulty of finding where the character is (segmentation), rather than which character it is (recognition).However, the shapes of alphabet letters and numbers have very limited geometry characteristics that can be used by humans to tell them yet are also easy to be indistinct.The major contribution of this thesis is that we propose a new direction in CAPTCHA design by focusing on orientation rather than labeling.We introduce an orientation based image CAPTCHA which uses an image set which gets dynamically updated.By focusing on orientation we eliminate problems facing labeling based CAPTCHAs like limited iii label classes and object recognition.We built a CAPTCHA web application using Java Sever Pages technology and used AJAX techniques to make the user interface more interactive and user friendly.We deployed our application on a web server and tabulated the response time and success ratio results we got.
The Role of Hyaluronidase in the Treatment of Complications From Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Fillers (2013)

Hyaluronidases, a family of enzymes that are able to degrade hyaluronic acid (HA), are employed in medicine to increase drug diffusion and reverse the effects of HA filler injections. Hyaluronidases are able to dissolve subcutaneous nodules or to correct excessive quantities of injected filler. Knowledge of the use, methods of application, and adverse effects of hyaluronidases is essential for the aesthetic practitioner. Therefore, we performed an extensive review of the available literature from 1928 to 2011 and compared the different enzymes available, recording each author's indications regarding usage and side effects.
High-accuracy positioning for indoor applications: RFID, UWB, 5G, and beyond (2016)

Highly accurate and reliable indoor positioning - at accuracy levels in the 10 cm range - will enable a large a number of innovative location-based applications because such accuracy levels essentially allow for a useful real-time interaction of humans and cyber-physical systems. Activity recognition, navigation at "shelf" level, geofencing, process monitoring and process control are among the envisioned services that will yield numerous applications in various domains. This paper reviews the difficulties faced by indoor positioning systems, motivating the requirement for a large signal bandwidth and how a lack of bandwidth can be compensated by multi-antenna systems. The potential capabilities of upcoming generations of wireless systems will increasingly make high-accuracy positioning available in near future.
Processing and Characterization of Ultrathin Carbon Coatings on Glass (2009)

Ultrathin carbon layers, on the order of 3-6 nm in thickness, were formed on glass substrates by spin coating and pyrolysis of polymer precursors. The organic precursors used were poly(furfuryl alcohol), coal tar pitch, and a photoresist. The carbon coatings were characterized by ellipsometry, optical profilometry, water contact angle, confocal Raman spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. We also report the transparency, hydrophobicity, friction, weathering resistance, and electrical conductivity of the carbon-coated glass. The results reveal that up to 97% transparent, ultrathin carbon films could be formed on glass substrates with a root-mean-square roughness of less than approximately 0.3 nm. This carbon layer modified the otherwise hydrophilic surface of the glass to yield a water contact angle of 85 degrees . The coatings were also found to provide a water barrier against weathering under hot and humid conditions. A 4.5-nm-thick carbon film on glass had a sheet resistance of 55.6 kOmega m and a conductivity of 40 S/cm.
Federated security management for dynamic coalitions (2004)

The Smart Firewalls project within the DARPA Dynamic Coalitions program has developed technologies to (i) specify high-level network-wide security policy, (ii) monitor and check network policy compliance from low-level configuration settings of network devices, and (iii) generate new device configurations to bring the system to a policy-compliant state. Our previous demonstration showed a single "smart firewalls" policy engine managing the security policy of a dynamic coalition of networks. In a coalition of networks, each network is expected to have its own policy enforcement mechanism, or policy engine. When networks form a coalition they agree on a coalition policy. The policy engines of different coalition members will be expected to share information in order to enable cross-network access as dictated by coalition policy. The current paper features a coalition of networks, each with its internal policy upheld by its own policy engine. We show that the federated policy engines uphold the coalition policy, while also upholding their internal policies. We demonstrate how the federated policy engines (a) check configurations for policy compliance, and (b) generate configurations to remedy policy violations when feasible, and raise an alarm otherwise.
Urethane Elastomers Based on Hydroxyl Terminated Polybutadienes (1971)

This article describes the preparation and properties of urethane elastomers based on hydroxyl-terminated polybutadienes. The liquid nature of these polybutadiene systems allows easy reaction with isocyanates even at ambient temperatures. Properties of elastomers produced can be easily improved by either chemical modification of the polymer backbone of the polybutadiene or the addition of solid reinforcing fillers, such as carbon black or clay. This article further describes the preparation of stable prepolymers of poly butadiene which can then be reacted with various diol or diamine chain extenders. Conceptually, the elastomers resulting from this technology would combine the properties of rubbers in having the ability to be oil extended or filler reinforced as well as having the high performance of cast urethane systems.
The Akt-regulated Forkhead Transcription Factor FOXO3a Controls Endothelial Cell Viability through Modulation of the Caspase-8 Inhibitor FLIP (2004)

FLICE-inhibitory protein (FLIP) is a homolog of caspase-8 that lacks catalytic activity and has been shown to be important in protecting endothelial cells from apoptosis. The serine/threonine kinase Akt/PKB was recently reported to promote FLIP expression in endothelial and tumor cells. Here we examined the role of the forkhead transcription factor FOXO3a, a downstream target of Akt, in controlling FLIP regulation in endothelial cells. FOXO3a nuclear translocation was regulated by Akt in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Transduction of a nonphosphorylatable, constitutively active mutant of FOXO3a (TM-FOXO3a) led to the down-regulation of FLIP levels. Transduction with TM-FOXO3a also increased caspase-8 activity and promoted apoptosis in endothelial cells. Conversely, transduction of a dominant-negative mutant of FOXO3a up-regulated FLIP levels and protected endothelial cells from apoptosis under serum deprivation conditions. Restoration of intracellular FLIP blocked caspase-8 activation and inhibited apoptosis in TM-FOXO3a-transduced cells. These data suggest that FOXO3a is a downstream target of Akt in endothelial cells that can promote apoptosis via FLIP down-regulation and activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway.
Hierarchical Clustering Based Network Traffic Data Reduction for Improving Suspicious Flow Detection (2018)

Attacks like APT have lasted for a long time which need suspicious flow detection on long-time data. However, the challenge of effectively analyzing massive data source for suspicious flow diagnosis is unmet yet. Consequently, flow data reduction should be adopted, which refers to abstract the most relevant information from the massive dataset. Existing approaches to sampling flow data are inherently inaccurate unless running at high sampling rate. In this paper, we proposed HCBS (Hierarchical Clustering Based Sampling), a flow data reduction scheme, to alleviate such problems. We study the characteristics of flow data relating malicious activities and employ hierarchical clustering to sample data for further deep detection. Experiments on 1999 DARPA dataset demonstrates that HCBS reduces the size of the flow data by 40% with only a small loss in accuracy and significantly outperforms the compared state-of-the-art.
Altering Reservoir Wettability to Improve Production from Single Wells (2006)

Many carbonate reservoirs are naturally fractured and typically produce less than 10% original oil in place during primary recovery. Spontaneous imbibition has proven an important mechanism for oil recovery from fractured reservoirs, which are usually weak waterflood candidates. In some situations, chemical stimulation can promote imbibition of water to alter the reservoir wettability toward water-wetness such that oil is produced at an economic rate from the rock matrix into fractures. In this project, cores and fluids from five reservoirs were used in laboratory tests: the San Andres formation (Fuhrman Masho and Eagle Creek fields) in the Permian Basin of Texas and New Mexico; and the Interlake, Stony Mountain, and Red River formations from the Cedar Creek Anticline in Montana and South Dakota. Solutions of nonionic, anionic, and amphoteric surfactants with formation water were used to promote waterwetness. Some Fuhrman Masho cores soaked in surfactant solution had improved oil recovery up to 38%. Most Eagle Creek cores did not respond to any of the tested surfactants. Some Cedar Creek anticline cores had good response to two anionic surfactants (CD 128 and A246L). The results indicate that cores with higher permeability responded better to the surfactants. The increased recovery is mainly ascribed to increased water-wetness. It is suspected that rock mineralogy is also an important factor. The laboratory work generated three field tests of the surfactant soak process in the West Fuhrman Masho San Andres Unit. The flawlessly designed tests included mechanical well clean out, installation of new pumps, and daily well tests before and after the treatments. Treatments were designed using artificial intelligence (AI) correlations developed from 23 previous surfactant soak treatments. The treatments were conducted during the last quarter of 2006. One of the wells produced a marginal volume of incremental oil through October. It is interesting to note that the field tests were conducted in an area of the field that has not met production expectations. The dataset on the 23 Phosphoria well surfactant soaks was updated. An analysis of the oil decline curves indicted that 4.5 lb of chemical produced a barrel of incremental oil. The AI analysis supports the adage 'good wells are the best candidates.' The generally better performance of surfactant in the high permeability core laboratory tests supports this observation. AI correlations were developed to predict the response to water-frac stimulations in a tight San Andres reservoir. The correlations maybe useful in the design of Cedar Creek Anticline surfactant soak treatments planned for next year. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance scans of dolomite cores to measure porosity and saturation during the high temperature laboratory work were acquired. The scans could not be correlated with physical measurement using either conventional or AI methods.
Cancer Chemoprevention: Successes and Failures (2012)

Chemopreventive studies have provided new insights into early disease pathogenesis, stimulated new risk assessments and models, fostered important research in end point biomarkers, and led to 13 approved agents. The development of safe and effective chemopreventive agents holds tremendous potential for reducing the burden of cancer.
An automatic approach for ontology-driven service composition (2009)

Current service composition techniques and tools are mainly designed for use by service oriented architecture (SOA) professionals to solve business problems. This focus on SOA professionals creates challenges for the non-expert users, with limited SOA knowledge, who try to integrate SOA solutions into their online experience. To shelter non-expert users from the complexity of service composition, we propose an approach which automatically composes a service on the fly to meet the situational needs of a user. We present a tag-based service description schema which allows non-expert users to easily understand the description of services and add their own descriptions using descriptive tags. Instead of specifying the detailed steps for composing a service, a non-expert user would specify the goal of their desired activities using a set of keywords then our approach can automatically identify the relevant services to achieve the goal at run-time. A prototype is developed as a proof of concept. We conduct a case study to compare the performance of our approach in automatic service composition with a baseline approach which consists of the manual process of searching for services using keywords. The case study shows that our approach can achieve higher precision and recall than the baseline approach.
A new altimeter for Mars land shape observations utilizing the ionospheric sounder system onboard the Planet-B spacecraft (2014)

A new altimeter has been developed for the observation of the land shape of a planet from an orbiting spacecraft by transmitting RF pulses. The present system utilizes an RF sounder for observing the electron density profile of the topside ionosphere by selecting a transmission frequency f higher than the local cutoff frequency of the ionosphere by adding upper and lower side band modulations with a frequency p; i.e. at frequencies f + p and f −p. The phase difference of the propagating signals at the upper and lower side band frequencies gives a fine delay time with a range resolution of 100 m for p = 50 kHz and 20 m for p = 250 kHz with f = 9 MHz corresponding to a resolution of 6 ° of the phase detector of the system onboard the spacecraft. Using 600 Watts transmitting power applied to a 52 m tip-to-tip dipole antenna, the altitude of the spacecraft and the land shape can be measured while the spacecraft is in the range below 300 km altitude at the planet.
Serum Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule Is Hyposialylated in Hereditary Inclusion Body Myopathy (2011)

Hereditary inclusion body myopathy (HIBM) is a young-adult onset autosomal recessive disorder caused by a hypomorphic rate limiting enzyme of sialic acid biosynthesis. The enzyme is UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase, and is encoded by the GNE gene. HIBM causes slowly progressive muscle weakness and atrophy. Patients are typically diagnosed at 20-30 years of age, and most patients are incapacitated and wheelchair-confined by 30-50 years of age. Some sialic acid containing glycoproteins, including neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), are hyposialylated in HIBM muscle biopsy samples. We developed a method to allow detection of serum NCAM sialylation using Western blot, and tested serum samples from several patients and a HIBM mouse model. Preliminary results showed a clear difference in polysialylated and hyposialylated forms of NCAM extracted from serum, and showed NCAM is hyposialylated in HIBM serum samples. This initial finding may prove useful in reducing the need for serial muscle biopsies in HIBM treatment trials. Additional studies are underway to further validate this finding and to evaluate the specificity, reliability, and robustness of this potential serum biomarker for HIBM.
Fluorescence Study of Chemical Modification of Phospho<i>enol</i>pyruvate Carboxylase from <i>Crassula argentea</i> (1991)

The chemical modification of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase purified from Crassula argentea leaves was studied using the fluorescence of the extrinsic probe 8-anilino-1-naphalenesulfonate. The effects of ligands on kinetic parameters of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity, and its response to pH and metal cations, were associated with the binding of the ligands to the enzyme as measured by fluorescence. Binding of the ligands phosphoenolpyruvate, malate, and glucose-6-phosphate revealed by fluorescence measurements corresponds to competitive phenomena observed in kinetic studies. The fluorescence measurements also suggest the involvement of specific amino acids in the binding of a given ligand. Arginyl residues modified by 2,3-butanedione appear to be directly involved in the binding of phosphoenolpyruvate and malate to the active and the inhibition sites, respectively. A histidyl residue was involved in the binding of malate, accounting for the lack of inhibition by malate in kinetic studies of the enzyme treated with diethylpyrocarbonate. Although activity was lost, there was no decrease in the ability of the treated enzyme to bind phosphoenolpyruvate, suggesting that additional histidyl residues are essential for activity although not directly involved in the binding of phosphoenolpyruvate. The lysine reagent trinitrobenzenesulfonate caused a loss of activity and a reduction in malate inhibition and glucose-6-phosphate activation, but these modifications were not related to changes in the ability of the enzyme to bind any of the three ligands. This suggests that lysine residues were not directly involved in the binding of these ligands.
Natural Cytotoxicity Receptors NKp30, NKp44 and NKp46 Bind to Different Heparan Sulfate/Heparin Sequences (2009)

Natural Killer (NK) cells recognize and destroy tumors and virus-infected cells in an antibody-independent manner. The regulation of NK cells is mediated by activating and inhibiting receptors on the NK cell surface. One important family of activating receptors is the natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs) which include NKp30, NKp44 and NKp46. The NCRs initiate tumor targeting by recognition of heparan sulfate on cancer cells. This study aims to elucidate heparan sulfate structural motifs that are important for NCR binding. Microarray and surface plasmon resonance experiments with a small library of heparan sulfate/heparin oligosaccharides helped to clarify the binding preferences of the three NCRs. We demonstrate that the NCRs interact with highly charged HS/heparin structures, but differ in preferred modification patterns and chain lengths. The affinity of NKp30 and NKp44 for synthetic HS/heparin is approximately one order of magnitude higher than the affinity of NKp46. We further show the relevance of synthetic HS/heparin for the binding of NCRs to tumor cells and for NCR-mediated activation of natural killer cells. In conclusion, NCRs recognize different microdomains on heparan sulfate with different affinities.
Complement Activation During Hemodialysis (1989)

Hemodialysis, as other extracorporeal circulation treatments, determines activation of the complement system. In this paper molecular mechanism of complement activation by different hemodialysis membranes are reviewed as well as the biological consequences and clinical relevance of the activation.
A self-aligned In<sub>0.53</sub>Ga<sub>0.47</sub>As junction field-effect transistor grown by molecular beam epitaxy (1984)

An In <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.53</inf> Ga <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.47</inf> As field-effect transistor has been fabricated on MBE-grown material, using a novel self-alignment technique. This device has a dc transconductance of 60 mS/mm for a 3-µm gate length, one of the highest reported figures for such a length, and a very low gate leakage of 100 nA at -3-V gate bias.