gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transport properties of CoSb/sub 3/ doped with magnetic impurities Fe and Ni (2003)

Effects of doping with magnetic impurities (Fe and Ni) on the thermal conductivity of CoSb/sub 3/ have been investigated to make clear the origin of the scattering of phonons by magnetic ions. Samples with different impurity concentration x=3, 5, and 10 at.% were prepared by hot pressing. The effects of doping on the electronic transport properties are explained in terms of a Kane model, in agreement with a result of the band calculation. Our analysis of the magnetic susceptibility on the basis of the crystal field theory suggests that the magnetic ions in CoSb, have trivalent paramagnetic states (mainly Fe/sup 3+/ S=5/2 and Ni/sup 3+/ S=1/2). The lattice thermal conductivity /spl kappa/L decreases to about 0.04 Wcm/sup -1/ K/sup -1/ with increasing x. The consideration of the electronic states of Fe and Ni in CoSb, and the theoretical calculations of /spl kappa/L based on the Debye model lead to a conclusion that the magnetic Fe and Ni ions probably ad as strong scattering centers of phonons (a model proposed by Slack and Galginaitis) and play an important role in reducing the lattice thermal conductivity of not only CoSb/sub 3/ but also filled skutterudites.
Measurement of all ten second-order moments of an astigmatic beam by the use of rotating simple astigmatic (anamorphic) optics (1994)

The propagation of any general astigmatic laser beam through any paraxial optical system can be characterized to second order by a 4 × 4 matrix of second moments in the transverse spatial and angular coordinates, with this matrix having at most ten independent elements. We show how to interpret the two existing beam invariants that contain these elements in terms of an overall beam quality factor Meff4 and an intrinsic antigmatism factor a. We describe a general procedure for determining all ten parameters for any arbitrary beam by measuring only second-order moments of the beam irradiance in a single transversal plane after the beam has passed through at most four simple astigmatic optical systems. A number of such systems containing, in particular, only one or two rotating cylindrical lenses and a CCD camera are proposed and analyzed in more detail.
Mapped infinite elements for exterior wave problems (1985)

Abstract Recently, a new type of infinite elements which uses r −1 decay was proposed. They were applied to exterior wave problems and good results were obtained. In two‐dimensional problems, however, it was necessary to move the origin of the r −1 decay in order to model the outgoing wave more accurately, because it decays roughly as r −1/2 . In this paper, the mapped infinite elements with r −1/2 decay and the necessary numerical integration procedure are presented. These elements do not require any artificial movement of the origin. Several example problems are solved. The results show that the infinite elements with r −1/2 decay here give much more accurate values than the infinite elements with exponential decay and any damper elements.
Further Characterization of the Long‐Term Effect of RU24722 on Tyrosine Hydroxylase in the Rat Locus Coeruleus (1993)

Recent data have indicated that the long-lasting increase in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein could be differently expressed in the anterior and posterior locus coeruleus (LC) after a single intraperitoneal injection of RU24722, which has been proposed as a potent activator of catecholaminergic systems. In the present study, we have evaluated the dose and time course responses and the effect of a repeated treatment with RU24722 at 3-day intervals on TH protein level in the anterior and posterior rat LC. The results showed that RU24722 induces a long-lasting increase of TH protein level in the anterior and posterior LC that was maximal 3 days following a single injection of 30 mg/kg. The increase in TH protein was maintained at a constant level after repeated administrations of RU24722 at 3-day intervals. Furthermore, we have investigated whether the effect of the drug on TH protein could be modulated via several hormonal systems. The long-term increase of TH steady-state content after RU24722 was still observed 15 days after castration, adrenalectomy, hypophysectomy, and thyroidectomy. The initial steady-state TH protein level was significantly higher in the anterior LC of thyroid- or hypophysectomized and in the posterior LC of hypophysectomized rats. However, this increase was reversed when animals were housed at 28 degrees C.
Improved model-order reduction by using spacial information in moments (2003)

The new concept of multinode moment matching (MMM) is introduced in this paper. The MMM technique simultaneously matches the moments at several nodes of a circuit using explicit moment matching around s=0. As compared to the well known single-point moment matching (SMM) techniques (such as asymptotic waveform evaluation), MMM has several advantages. First, the number of moments required by MMM is significantly lower than SMM for a reduced-order model of the same accuracy, which directly translates into computational efficiency. This higher computational efficiency of MMM as compared to SMM increases with the number of inputs to the circuit. Second, MMM has much better numerical stability as compared to SMM. This characteristic allows MMM to calculate an arbitrarily high-order approximation of a linear system, achieving the required accuracy for systems with complex responses. Finally, MMM is highly suitable for parallel-processing techniques especially for higher order approximations while SMM has to calculate the moments sequentially and cannot be adapted to parallel processing techniques.
A Drop in the Bucket or a Pebble in a Pond: Commercial Building Partners' Replication of EEMs Across Their Portfolios (2014)

This study presents findings from questionnaire and interview data investigating replication efforts of Commercial Building Partnerships (CBP) partners that worked directly with the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL partnered with 12 organizations on new and retrofit construction projects as part of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) CBP program. PNNL and other national laboratories collaborate with industry leaders that own large portfolios of buildings to develop high performance projects for new construction and renovation. This project accelerates market adoption of commercially available energy saving technologies into the design process for new and upgraded commercial buildings. The labs provide assistance to the partners’ design teams and make a business case for energy investments. From the owner’s perspective, a sound investment results in energy savings based on corporate objectives and design. Through a feedback questionnaire, along with personal interviews, PNNL gathered qualitative and quantitative information relating to replication efforts by each organization. Data gathered through this process were analyzed to provide insight into two primary research areas: 1) CBP partners’ replication efforts of technologies and approaches used in the CBP project to the rest of the organization’s building portfolio (including replication verification), and 2) the market potential for technology diffusion into the total U.S. commercial building stock, as a direct result of the entire CBP program. Conclusions of this study indicate by 2030, a range of 2,957 to 97,101 buildings will be impacted by the CBP program through partner replication efforts, representing over 22% of all buildings in partner portfolios, and an energy savings potential between 2.3 and 77 trillion Btus annually.
The Formation Process of New High-T<sub>c</sub> Superconductors with Single-Layer Thallium-Oxide, TlBa<sub>2</sub>Ca<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>y</sub> and TlBa<sub>2</sub>Ca<sub>3</sub>Cu<sub>4</sub>O<sub>y</sub> (1988)

The formation process of new high- T c superconductors with a single Tl-O layer, TlBa 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O y (1223 phase) and TlBa 2 Ca 3 Cu 4 O y (1234 phase), was studied. The thallium content decreased continuously with increased sintering time. At the first sintering stage, the Tl 2 Ba 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O y phase (2223 phase) was formed. Next, the 1223 phase was formed with the demise of the 2223 phase. Then, after further sintering, the 1234 phase was formed with the disappearance of the 1223 phase. These results indicate that one Tl-O layer of the double Tl-O layers of the 2223 phase evaporated owing to the volatility of the thallium component, and the 1223 phase was formed. Then the 1223 phase with three Cu-O layers changed to the stable 1234 phase with four Cu-O layers.
Cyclic pentapeptides as models for reverse turns: Determination of the equilibrium distribution between type I and type II conformations of Pro‐Asn and Pro‐Ala β‐turns (1990)

Cyclic pentapeptides are excellent models for reverse turns and have been used extensively in our laboratory to explore the influence of different amino acid sequences on turn preference. This paper is divided into two parts: In the first, we review our previous studies of cyclic pentapeptides. We summarize work that demonstrates the range of conformations possible within the cyclic pentapeptide backbone, the importance of sequence chirality in determining the backbone fold, and the utility of these cyclic pentapeptides as models for various turns. In the second, we present new results on two cyclic pentapeptides that contain beta-turns with Pro-Ala or Pro-Asn sequences in the i + 1 and i + 2 positions. By stereochemical criteria, a type I beta-turn is expected to be preferred by such L-L sequences. On the other hand, in proteins Asn occurs frequently in the i + 2 position of type II turns. We asked whether the same propensity would be manifest in an isolated model peptide, and if so, what the interactions were that influenced the relative stability of the type I and type II turns. To address these questions we have compared the conformational behavior of two peptides: cyclo(Gly-Pro-Ala-D-Phe-Pro) and cyclo(D-Ala-Pro-Asn-Gly-Pro). From previous studies, we anticipated that both peptides would contain an inverse gamma-turn and a beta-turn which consisted of either Gly-Pro-Ala-D-Phe or D-Ala-Pro-Asn-Gly in positions i to i + 3, respectively. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis confirms this overall backbone conformation. Furthermore, quantitative nuclear Overhauser effect measurements in combination with molecular dynamics simulations and torsionally-forced energy minimizations have enabled us to determine that both type I and type II beta-turns are present in equilibrium in these peptides. The introduction of Asn in position i + 2 shifts this equilibrium significantly towards type II. We have done preliminary assessment of the possible side-chain/backbone conformations that contribute to the shift in populations.
The Mitochondrial Alcohol Dehydrogenase Adh3p Is Involved in a Redox Shuttle in<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2000)

NDI1 is the unique gene encoding the internal mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The enzyme catalyzes the transfer of electrons from intramitochondrial NADH to ubiquinone. Surprisingly, NDI1 is not essential for respiratory growth. Here we demonstrate that this is due to in vivo activity of an ethanol-acetaldehyde redox shuttle, which transfers the redox equivalents from the mitochondria to the cytosol. Cytosolic NADH can be oxidized by the external NADH dehydrogenases. Deletion of ADH3, encoding mitochondrial alcohol dehydrogenase, did not affect respiratory growth in aerobic, glucose-limited chemostat cultures. Also, an ndi1Delta mutant was capable of respiratory growth under these conditions. However, when both ADH3 and NDI1 were deleted, metabolism became respirofermentative, indicating that the ethanol-acetaldehyde shuttle is essential for respiratory growth of the ndi1 delta mutant. In anaerobic batch cultures, the maximum specific growth rate of the adh3 delta mutant (0.22 h(-1)) was substantially reduced compared to that of the wild-type strain (0.33 h(-1)). This is consistent with the hypothesis that the ethanol-acetaldehyde shuttle is also involved in maintenance of the mitochondrial redox balance under anaerobic conditions. Finally, it is shown that another mitochondrial alcohol dehydrogenase is active in the adh3 delta ndi1 delta mutant, contributing to residual redox-shuttle activity in this strain.
A Cytomorphic Chip for Quantitative Modeling of Fundamental Bio-Molecular Circuits (2015)

We describe a 0.35 μm BiCMOS silicon chip that quantitatively models fundamental molecular circuits via efficient log-domain cytomorphic transistor equivalents. These circuits include those for biochemical binding with automatic representation of non-modular and loading behavior, e.g., in cascade and fan-out topologies; for representing variable Hill-coefficient operation and cooperative binding; for representing inducer, transcription-factor, and DNA binding; for probabilistic gene transcription with analogic representations of log-linear and saturating operation; for gain, degradation, and dynamics of mRNA and protein variables in transcription and translation; and, for faithfully representing biological noise via tunable stochastic transistor circuits. The use of on-chip DACs and ADCs enables multiple chips to interact via incoming and outgoing molecular digital data packets and thus create scalable biochemical reaction networks. The use of off-chip digital processors and on-chip digital memory enables programmable connectivity and parameter storage. We show that published static and dynamic MATLAB models of synthetic biological circuits including repressilators, feed-forward loops, and feedback oscillators are in excellent quantitative agreement with those from transistor circuits on the chip. Computationally intensive stochastic Gillespie simulations of molecular production are also rapidly reproduced by the chip and can be reliably tuned over the range of signal-to-noise ratios observed in biological cells.
High-temperature sapphire optical sensor fiber coatings (1990)

Advanced coal-fired power generation systems, such as pressurized fluidized-bed combustors and integrated gasifier-combined cycles, may provide cost effective future alternatives for power generation, improve our utilization of coal resources, and decrease our dependence upon oil and gas. When coal is burned or converted to combustible gas to produce energy, mineral matter and chemical compounds are released as solid and gaseous contaminants. The control of contaminants is mandatory to prevent pollution as well as degradation of equipment in advanced power generation. To eliminate the need for expensive heat recovery equipment and to avoid efficiency losses it is desirable to develop a technology capable of cleaning the hot gas. For this technology the removal of particle contaminants is of major concern. Several prototype high temperature particle filters have been developed, including ceramic candle filters, ceramic bag filters, and ceramic cross-flow (CXF) filters. Ceramic candle filters are rigid, tubular filters typically made by bonding silicon carbide or alumina-silica grains with clay bonding materials and perhaps including alumina-silica fibers. Ceramic bag filters are flexible and are made from long ceramic fibers such as alumina-silica. CXF filters are rigid filters made of stacks of individual lamina through which the dirty and clean gases flow in cross-wise directions. CXF filters are advantageous for hot gas cleanup applications since they offer a large effective filter surface per unit volume. The relatively small size of the filters allows the pressurized vessel containing them to be small, thus reducing potential equipment costs. CXF filters have shown promise but have experienced degradation at normal operational high temperatures (close to 1173K) and high pressures (up to 24 bars). Observed degradation modes include delamination of the individual tile layers, cracking at either the tile-torid interface or at the mounting flange, or plugging of the filter. These modes may be attributed to a number of material degradation mechanisms, such as thermal shock, oxidation corrosion of the material, mechanical loads, or phase changes in the filter material. Development of high temperature optical fiber (sapphire) sensors embedded in the CXF filters would be very valuable for both monitoring the integrity of the filter during its use and understanding the mechanisms of degradation such that durable filter development will be facilitated. Since the filter operating environment is very harsh, the high temperature sapphire optical fibers need to be protected and for some sensing techniques the fiber must also be coated with low refractive index film (cladding). The objective of the present study is to identify materials and develop process technologies for the application of claddings and protective coatings that are stable and compatible with sapphire fibers at both high temperatures and pressures.
Half-micron CMOS on ultra-thin silicon on insulator (2003)

A 0.5- mu m CMOS technology on ultrathin SIMOX SOI (silicon-on-insulator) material with silicon film thickness of 80 nm is studied. When compared with bulk devices the SOI NMOS devices showed a slightly reduced current-drive-capability, a small negative differential output conductance at high gate bias, and a strongly reduced breakdown voltage. Floating-substrate effects remain significant even for SOI devices on ultrathin material. The hot-carrier degradation of the SOI NMOS devices was significantly enhanced by electron injection in the buried oxide layer. The performance of ring oscillators on SOI material was excellent. Furthermore, fully functional 2K SRAM circuits were fabricated. The main advantages of ultrathin-film SOI seem to be the improved circuit properties and the simplified fabrication technology. The reduction of the floating-body effects in the devices on ultrathin-film SOI is required to make SOI a competitor to bulk material for future deep submicron CMOS.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
SketchNode (2010)

The primary motivation for building SketchNode is to provide an environment for exploring how people use tools to create, arrange, edit and interpret graph diagrams. It has two equivalent interfaces: sketching and diagramming, so that the functional requirements and advantages and disadvantages of the differences can be studied. In this paper we describe two iterations of SketchNode, in particular the computational intelligence required to maintain a sketch that appears hand-drawn and the complexity of providing two interfaces that are equivalent in terms of interaction and visualization. The development and usability tests presented here contribute to the understanding of what intelligent sketch diagramming tools can support and the interaction paradigm of dual visualization tools.
TRENDS AND INTERANNUAL VARIATIONS IN ERYTHEMAL SUNLIGHT,1978–1993 (1995)

Abstract— Information on column ozone and the earth's reflectivity obtained from satellite‐based data allows estimates of the long‐term behavior in erythemal irradiance at any location, including the attenuation provided by clouds. Year‐to‐year changes in cloudiness over specific geographic regions make a major contribution to interannual variability in irradiance at the ground. Although the general decline in column ozone amounts acted to increase erythemal irradiance over the period November 1978 to April 1993, these changes tend to be obscured by the erratic variability associated with cloudiness. The noise introduced into a time series of erythemal irradiance by clouds effectively widens the error bars assigned to derived trends. This behavior could complicate attempts to establish links between any observed changes in the biosphere and measured changes in the ozone layer.
Synthesis and specific biodegradation of novel polyesteramides containing amino acid residues (2001)

Abstract Novel polyesteramides were synthesized from p ‐nitrophenyl esters of sebacic or adipic acids and diamines containing α‐amino acid ester groups. The optimal polymerization condition was 60 °C in N,N ‐dimethylformamide. The structures of these polymers were confirmed by IR and NMR. The number‐average molecular weights of these polyesteramides ranged from 2280 to 23,600 (except for the polymers containing glycine residues), depending on the nature of the amino acid used. The biodegradability of the polyesteramides was investigated by in vitro hydrolysis with proteases and a lipase as catalysts in borate buffer solutions. The results indicated that the polymers containing L ‐phenylalanine were hydrolyzed most effectively by α‐chymotrypsin, subtilisin Carlsberg, and subtilisin BPN′. The polyesteramides containing other amino acid residues also underwent hydrolysis to different extents, reflecting the substrate specificity of the proteases. Lipase had almost no effect on the hydrolytic degradation of these polyesteramides. The polymers containing glycine residues were hardly decomposed by any of the enzymes used. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 39: 1318–1328, 2001
Adaptive Control of Plants with Unknown Dead-zones (1992)

Model reference adaptive controllers are designed for plants with unknown dead-zones. Several control strategies are investigated in which two sets of adjustable parameters, one belonging to a dead-zone inverse and the other to a linear controller, are either kept fixed or adaptively updated. The developed adaptive control schemes ensure boundedness of all closed-loop signals and reduce the tracking error.
Association between genetic polymorphisms of the beta2-adrenoceptor and response to albuterol in children with and without a history of wheezing. (1997)

The beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2AR) agonists are the most widely used agents in the treatment of asthma, but the genetic determinants of responsiveness to these agents are unknown. Two polymorphic loci within the coding region of the beta2AR have been recently described at amino acids 16 and 27. It has been reported that glycine at codon 16 (Gly-16) is associated with increased agonist-promoted downregulation of the beta2AR as compared with arginine-16 (Arg-16). The form of the receptor with glutamic acid at codon 27 (Glu-27), on the other hand, has been shown to be resistant to downregulation when compared with glutamine-27 (Gln-27), but only when coexpressed with Arg-16. To assess if different genotypes of these two polymorphisms would show differential responses to inhaled beta2AR agonists, we genotyped 269 children who were participants in a longitudinal study of asthma. Spirometry was performed before and after administration of 180 microg of albuterol, and a positive response was considered an increase of >15.3% predicted FEV1. There was marked linkage disequilibrium between the two polymorphisms, with 97.8% of all chromosomes that carried Arg-16 also carrying Gln-27. When compared to homozygotes for Gly-16, homozygotes for Arg-16 were 5.3 times (95% confidence interval 1.6-17.7) and heterozygotes for beta2AR-16 were 2.3 times (1.3-4.2) more likely to respond to albuterol, respectively. Similar trends were observed for asthmatic and nonasthmatic children, and results were independent of baseline lung function, ethnic origin, and previous use of antiasthma medication. No association was found between the beta2AR-27 polymorphism and response to albuterol. These results may explain some of the variability in response to therapeutic doses of albuterol in children.