gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial effect of 2% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine tested by different methods (2003)

The objective of this study was to analyze the antimicrobial effect of 2% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) by agar diffusion test and by direct exposure test. Five microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aernginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, and one mixture of these were used. These strains were inoculated in brain heart infusion (BHI) and incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 h. For the agar diffusion test (ADT), 18 Petri plates with 20 ml of BHI agar were inoculated with 0.1 ml of the microbial suspensions, using sterile swabs that were spread on the medium, obtaining growth injunction. Fifty-four paper disks (9 mm in diameter) were immersed in the experimental solutions for 1 min. Subsequently, three papers disks containing one of the substances were placed on the BHI agar surface in each agar plate. The plates were maintained for 1 h at room temperature, and then incubated at 37 degrees C for 48 h. The diameter of microbial inhibition was measured around the papers disks containing the substances. For the direct exposure test, 162#50 sterile absorbent paper points were immersed in the experimental suspensions for 5 min, and were then placed on Petri plates and covered with one of the irrigant solutions, or with sterile distilled water (control group). After intervals of 5, 1 0 and 30 min, the paper points were removed from contact with the solutions and individually immersed in 7 ml of Letheen Broth, followed by incubation at 37 degrees C for 48 h. Microbial growth was evaluated by turbidity of the culture medium. A 0.1 ml inoculum obtained from the Letheen Broth was transferred to 7 ml of BHI, and incubated at 37 degrees C for 48 h. Bacterial growth was again evaluated by turbidity of the culture medium. Gram stain of BHI cultures was used for verification of contamination and growth was determined by macroscopic and microscopic examination. The best performance of antimicrobial effectiveness of NaOCI was observed in the direct exposure test, and of CHX was observed in the agar diffusion test. The magnitude of antimicrobial effect was influenced by the experimental methods, biological indicators and exposure time.
Mass, charge, and radius of droplets in a linear quadrupole electrodynamic balance (2019)

Single particle levitation is a key tool in the analysis of the physicochemical properties of aerosol particles. Central to these techniques is the ability to determine the size of the confined particle or droplet, usually achieved via optical methods. While some of these methods are extremely accurate, they are not suitable for all applications and sample types, such as solid or optically absorbing particles. In this work, measurements of the radius, mass, and charge of droplets in a linear quadrupole electrodynamic balance (LQ-EDB) are reported. Using the elastic light scattering pattern produced by laser illumination, a method to determine the radius is described, with an accuracy of as good as ±60 nm and a sensitivity to changes on the order of 10 nm. The effect of refractive index on these measurements is explored by application of the technique to simulated data using Mie theory. In addition to radius, the relative and absolute mass and charge of droplets in the trap is measured from the voltage required to stabilize their vertical position. These measurements are facilitated by stacking multiple droplets in the LQ-EDB and solving the force balance equations to yield both parameters. These approaches are demonstrated through measurements of the evaporation of pure ethylene glycol and pure water droplets, the change in density of an aqueous glycerol solution as water evaporates, and the mass and charge of pure glycerol droplets.Copyright © 2019 American Association for Aerosol Research
Shedding of transferrin receptor from rat reticulocytes during maturation in vitro: soluble transferrin receptor is derived from receptor shed in vesicles (1991)

Measurements of circulating transferrin (Tf) receptor are useful in assessing erythropoiesis; however, steps involved in the generation of soluble Tf receptor from cellular receptor are incompletely understood. To obtain a better understanding of this process, we investigated the loss of Tf receptor during terminal maturation of rat reticulocytes in vitro. Previous studies have identified Tf receptor-containing vesicles in the culture medium of maturing reticulocytes. In the present study, vesicle-free reticulocyte culture medium was found to contain functional and immunoreactive soluble Tf receptor, which increased over time. During a 44-hour incubation, Tf receptor on reticulocytes decreased by approximately 69%, while, of the Tf receptor shed to the medium, 65% was present in vesicles and 35% was in a soluble form. Isolated vesicles reincubated in fresh medium released soluble Tf receptor to the medium. On sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), the isolated soluble receptor protein was mainly 190 Kd and 95 Kd under nonreducing and reducing conditions, respectively, similar in size to the vesicular and cellular receptor. Our studies show that loss of Tf receptor from rat reticulocytes during maturation in vitro involves shedding of cellular Tf receptor in vesicles and release of soluble receptor from these vesicles.
A set of ligation-independent in vitro translation vectors for eukaryotic protein production (2008)

Four newly designed in vitro translation vectors have been constructed which allow fast and parallel cloning and protein purification, thus representing useful molecular tools for high-throughput production of eukaryotic proteins.
TRIM: testability range by ignoring the memory (1988)

The testability by random test patterns of faults in the logic surrounding embedded RAMs is studied. Upper and lower bounds on the probability that a fault is caught are obtained by analyzing a modified, purely combinational circuit without the RAM. This analysis can be done with standard testability analysis techniques. The analysis is applied to an embedded two-port RAM.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Letrozole inhibits tumor proliferation more effectively than tamoxifen independent of HER1/2 expression status. (2003)

Letrozole inhibited tumor proliferation to a greater extent than tamoxifen. The molecular basis for this advantage appears complex but includes possible tamoxifen agonist effects on the cell cycle in both HER1/2+ and HER1/2- tumors. A pattern of continued proliferation despite appropriate down-regulation of PgR expression with estrogen deprivation or tamoxifen was also documented. This observation suggests the estrogenic regulation of proliferation and PgR expression may be dissociated in endocrine therapy resistant cells.
Sustained human hematopoiesis in immunodeficient mice by cotransplantation of marrow stroma expressing human interleukin-3: analysis of gene transduction of long-lived progenitors (1994)

We have developed a novel cotransplantation system in which gene-transduced human CD34+ progenitor cells are transplanted into immunodeficient (bnx) mice together with primary human bone marrow (BM) stromal cells engineered to produce human interleukin-3 (IL-3). The IL-3-secreting stroma produced sustained circulating levels of human IL-3 for at least 4 months in the mice. The IL-3-secreting stroma, but not control stroma, supported human hematopoiesis from the cotransplanted human BM CD34+ progenitors for up to 9 months, such that an average of 6% of the hematopoietic cells removed from the mice were of human origin (human CD45+). Human multilineage progenitors were readily detected as colony-forming units from the mouse marrow over this time period. Retroviral-mediated transfer of the neomycin phosphotransferase gene or a human glucocerebrosidase cDNA into the human CD34+ progenitor cells was performed in vitro before cotransplantation. Human multilineage progenitors were recovered from the marrow of the mice 4 to 9 months later and were shown to contain the transduced genes. Mature human blood cells marked by vector DNA circulated in the murine peripheral blood throughout this time period. This xenograft system will be useful in the study of gene transduction of human hematopoietic stem cells, by tracing the development of individually marked BM stem cells into mature blood cells of different lineages.
Through container THz sensing: applications for explosives screening (2004)

The THz spectra of the high explosives, HMX, RDX, PETN, and TNT were measured using the technique of Time Domain THz (TD-THz) spectroscopy, and resonances attributed to phonon bands were observed. The TD-THz methods used to obtain these spectra are described and strategies for improved data collection methods are outlined. Concepts for through container DIfferential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) are outlined and the suitability of TD-THz methods for DIAL sensing is discussed.
Pathways in device lithography (1975)

A brief review is given of approaches to lithography for microdevice fabrication. Exposure systems in common use, as well as those in development, are described and assessed. These include contact and proximity printing, stationary and scanning projection printing, step-and-repeat reduction printing, scanning electron beam systems, electron imaging systems, and X-ray systems.
TNF-α Mediates Eosinophil Cationic Protein-induced Apoptosis in BEAS-2B Cells (2010)

In conclusion, our results have demonstrated that ECP increased TNF-alpha production in BEAS-2B cells and triggered apoptosis by caspase-8 activation through mitochondria-independent pathway.
Feline Behavior Problems: The Influence of Declawing (1989)

A survey of a computer group interested in pets was conducted to determine the incidence of behavior problems in cats and whether it varied with the sex of the cat, with declawing, or with the number of cats in the household. In addition, information on the brand of cat food and litter was obtained, along with details of litter hygiene. Sixty owners of a mean of two cats responded. The percentages of cats exhibiting behavior problems were: jumping on counters or tables, 60%; scratching furniture, 42%; eating house plants, 36%; acting aggressively toward other cats, 25%; stealing food, 25%; house soiling, 16%; inappropriate vocalizing, 16%; acting aggressively toward people, 12%; chewing fabric, 7%; hissing at people, 5%. A significantly greater percentage of declawed cats, as compared to intact cats, was reported to jump on counters or tables. There was significantly more meowing and also more jumping on counters among cats in single-cat homes than among those in multiple-cat homes. There was no difference between the sexes in the proportion exhibiting the various behaviors. This information can be used to advise owners as to the type of misbehaviors cats may display. It also indicates that declawed cats are not prone to have more problems than do clawed cats.
A Unified Framework for Kernelization: The Empirical Kernel Feature Space (2009)

In this paper, we propose to kernelize linear learning machines, e.g., PCA and LDA, in the empirical kernel feature space, a finite-dimensional embedding space, in which the distances of the data in the kernel feature space are preserved. The empirical kernel feature space provides a unified framework for the kernelization of all kinds of linear machines: performing a linear machine in the finite-dimensional empirical feature space, its nonlinear kernel machine is then established in the original input data space. This method is different from the conventional kernel-trick based kernelization, and more importantly, the final nonlinear kernel machines, called empirical kernel machines, are shown to be more efficient in many real-world applications, such as face recognition and facial expression recognition, than the kernel-trick based kernel machines.
Catalytic activity is retained in the<i>Tetrahymena</i>group I intron despite removal of the large extension of element P5 (1989)

We have made sizeable internal deletions within the self-splicing group I intron of Tetrahymena thermophila. Deletions were made in a piecewise manner in order to remove secondary structural elements thought to be extraneous to the catalytic center of the molecule. The resulting deletion mutants retain self-splicing activity, albeit under modified reaction conditions that enhance duplex stability. Considering those portions of the molecule that can be deleted without a loss of catalytic activity, one is left with a catalytic center of approximately 130 nucleotides that is solely responsible for the molecule's activity.
The vegetation of the alkali granite and bordering quartzite in the Vredefort Dome north-west of Parys (1988)

An investigation was made to determine the influence of alkali granite and bordering rocks on the distribution of plant species and plant communities. Six plant communities were successfully distinguished in the study area by using the TWINSPAN numerical classification technique, followed by refinement using the Braun-Blanquet technique. The plant communities could easily be correlated with specific habitat types. The results show that rock type as well as aspect (north and south facing slopes) influence the distribution of plant communities strongly. Groups of species which are reliable indicators for specific habitat conditions were also identified.
An Analysis on the Tooth Passing Frequency using End-milling Force (2011)

The mode analysis of end-milling was introduced using recursive parametric modeling. Also, a numerical mode analysis of FRF in end-milling at different conditions was performed systematically. In this regard, a REIVM(recursive extended instrumental variable method) modeling algorithm was adopted and natural modes of real and imaginary part were discussed. This recursive approach can be used for the on-line system identification and monitoring of an end-milling for this purpose. For acquiring a cutting force, an experimental practice was performed. And these end-milling forces were used for the calculation of FRF(Frequency response function) and its mode analysis. Also, the FRF was analysed for the prediction of end-milling system. As a results, this algorithm was successful in each condition for the detection of natural modes of end-milling. After numerical analysis of the FRF, the tooth passing frequency was discriminated in their FRF, power spectrum and mode calculation.
A low-power Gm-C-based CT-&#x0394;&#x03A3; audio-band ADC in 1.1V 65nm CMOS (2015)

A low power CT-ΔΣ is presented which achieves 92dBA of dynamic range while consuming only 110μA from a 1.1V supply in 65nm. The ADC exploits the inherent virtual ground of the ΔΣ loop to enable low power Gm-C integrators, and a simplified excess loop-delay compensation scheme. A common-mode feedback circuit which enables low voltage operation is also presented.
The transcription factor Foxg1 regulates the competence of telencephalic cells to adopt subpallial fates in mice (2010)

Foxg1 is required for development of the ventral telencephalon in the embryonic mammalian forebrain. Although one existing hypothesis suggests that failed ventral telencephalic development in the absence of Foxg1 is due to reduced production of the morphogens sonic hedgehog (Shh) and fibroblast growth factor 8 (Fgf8), the possibility that telencephalic cells lacking Foxg1 are intrinsically incompetent to generate the ventral telencephalon has remained untested. We examined the ability of Foxg1(-/-) telencephalic cells to respond to Shh and Fgf8 by examining the expression of genes whose activation requires Shh or Fgf8 in vivo and by testing their responses to Shh and Fgf8 in culture. We found that many elements of the Shh and Fgf8 signalling pathways continue to function in the absence of Foxg1 but, nevertheless, we were unable to elicit normal responses of key ventral telencephalic marker genes in Foxg1(-/-) telencephalic tissue following a range of in vivo and in vitro manipulations. We explored the development of Foxg1(-/-) cells in Foxg1(-/-) Foxg1(+/+) chimeric embryos that contained ventral telencephalon created by normally patterned wild-type cells. We found that Foxg1(-/-) cells contributed to the chimeric ventral telencephalon, but that they retained abnormal specification, expressing dorsal rather than ventral telencephalic markers. These findings indicate that, in addition to regulating the production of ventralising signals, Foxg1 acts cell-autonomously in the telencephalon to ensure that cells develop the competence to adopt ventral identities.
Ribbon Reinforcement of Composites (1968)

A clear demonstration of the potential of ribbon shaped rein forcements in composite materials applications is presented. From a micromechanics analysis, supported by experimental results, we find that ribbon reinforcement offers superior stiffness properties in the plane of the lamina. The macromechanics analysis intro duces the concept of a hybrid composite in which the engineer may combine the outstanding strength properties of fibers with the superior stiffness properties offered by ribbon reinforcements. It is pointed out that the low strength observed for glass-ribbon com posites is a consequence of fabrication procedures and does not correspond to the theoretical limiting strength of ribbon rein forcements.
Purification and properties of alpha-galactosidase from Klebsiella Sp. No. PG-2. (1990)

alpha-Galactosidase has been purified from Klebsiella Sp. No. PG-2, a bacterium isolated from rat small intestine, using calcium phosphate gel, DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and gel filtration technique. About 130-fold increase in specific activity was observed, the pH optimum of 6.5-7.0 characterizes the enzyme as neutral alpha-galactosidase. The optimum temperature was 37 degrees C and the energy of activation was 11,856 cal/mole. Km values obtained for raffinose, mellibose, stachyose and p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside were 20.0, 6.6 33.3 and 4.0 mM respectively. The activity was inhibited by p-CMB; iodoacetate, Ag2+, Hg2+, Cu2+, Pb2+ and galactose. Examination of the enzyme activity indicated that the enzyme is cytosolic and is inducible in nature.
Tumor osteolysis in osteopetrotic mice (1995)

Details of the cellular and biochemical mechanisms involved in focal destruction of bone at sites of tumor osteolysis are unknown. It has been shown that tumors from sarcoma (2472) cell lines induce focal osteolysis in mice by stimulating formation and activation of osteoclasts. In this report, the influence of 2472 tumors on the skeletons of osteoclast-deficient animals (op/op) was studied. After op/op femora had been inoculated with 2472 cells, tumors developed and focal osteolysis occurred. There were more osteoclasts per histologic section in sham-injected femora (19 +/- 5) than in tumor-bearing femora (412 +/- 129) (p < 0.05). The size of the osteoclasts also increased from 304 +/- 81 microns 2 in sham-injected limbs to 407 +/- 62 microns 2 in tumor-bearing limbs (p < 0.001). Conditioned media from 2472 op/op tumor explants contained macrophage colony-stimulating factor. A deficiency of osteoclasts in op/op mice is the result of the absence of this factor; therefore, these data introduce the possibility that macrophage colony-stimulating factor derived from 2472 tumor may be responsible for directing osteoclast-mediated osteolysis at sites of the tumor.
THE MECHANISM OF THE REACTIONS OF HYDROCARBONS WITH SULFUR<sup>1</sup> (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE MECHANISM OF THE REACTIONS OF HYDROCARBONS WITH SULFUR1A. WESLEY HORTONCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1949, 14, 5, 761–770Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01157a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01157a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views294Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Second-Sphere Ligand-Field Effects in Solid Solutions of Anhydrous Transition-Metal Phosphates (2007)

Powders of the solid solutions In1-xCrxPO4 (0 < or = x < or = 1), In1-xCrx(PO3)3 (0 < or = x < or = 1), (In1-xCrx)4(P2O7)3 (0 < or = x < or = 0.7), and In1-xMnx(PO3)3 (0 < or = x < or = 0.8) have been synthesized by solid-state reactions. Depending on the dopant concentration, these materials show striking variations in color [In1-xCrxPO4, light pink to green-brown; (In1-xCrx)4(P2O7)3, light pink to red-brown; In1-xCrx(PO3)3, pale green to green; In1-xMnx(PO3)3, light blue to purple). Powder reflectance spectra of the solid solutions were measured in the UV/vis/NIR region (5500-35000 cm(-1)). Observed d-d electronic transition energies and results of calculations within the framework of the angular overlap model (AOM) for the low-symmetry chromophores [M(III)O6] (M = Cr, Mn) are in good agreement. In the case of the mixed In/Cr phosphates, the observed color changes can be related to second-sphere ligand-field effects. Clear evidence for differences in the pi-bonding of oxygen toward Cr(3+) (d(3) ion) and In(3+) (d(10) ion) are observed. For In1-xMnx(PO3)3, the variation in color is attributed to a slightly increasing elongation of the [Mn(III)O6] chromophore with increasing dopant concentration.
Calculation of the shape of a towed underwater acoustic array (1992)

An important area of towed underwater acoustic research is the determination of the 3D positions of all hydrophones in the array. Although there are a number of methods available that provide position information at a small number of locations along the array, an interpolation scheme is needed that will permit the estimation of the position of all hydrophones so that further processing of acoustic data may proceed. An interpolation technique based on a twisted quartic spline approximation to a space curve is presented. This technique provides the advantages of numerical stability, necessary smoothness, and satisfaction of physical boundary conditions. Most importantly, it permits the estimation of the positions of all hydrophones in an array.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>