gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neural network implementation for an adaptive maximum-likelihood receiver (2003)

An artificial neural network is described for the detection of digital data symbols transmitted over a time-dispersive time-varying channel in the presence of Gaussian noise. The transmitter uses quadrature phase-shift keying modulation. The network computes a maximum-likelihood estimate of the transmitted sequence. Mapping of the maximum-likelihood sequence estimation function onto the artificial neural network structure is described. A neural-network-based receiver structure is presented which can be used for stationary or time-varying channels. Simulation results are presented which show promising error rates over a wide range of intersymbol-interference durations. Unlike the Viterbi algorithm implementation, the neural network does not require a vast amount of memory for storage and the computation time does not increase with increasing channel memory.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
FTIR Spectroscopy Revealing the Effects of Laser and Ionizing Radiation on Biological Hard Tissues (2015)

This work evaluated the influence of ionizing and non-ionizing irradiations on the chemical structure of hard tissues using the mid-infrared spectroscopy.Enamel, dentin and bone slabs were submitted to gamma irradiation, as well as to Nd:YAG (λ = 1064 nm) and Er,Cr:YSGG (λ = 2078 nm) laser irradiations.The composition of slabs were evaluated by the Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), considering the content of organic matrix (amides I, II and III), and inorganic matrix (phosphate and carbonate).Data were statistically analyzed (α = 5%).All irradiations altered the organic and inorganic content of enamel, dentin and bone, and the changes are dependent on the doses applied, as well as on the wavelength used considering the infrared lasers.In conclusion, the attenuated total reflection (ATR)-FTIR technique is an efficient tool to monitor the chemical changes on hard tissues due to ionizing and non-ionizing irradiations, which is important in order to choose safe parameters for a future clinical application.
Excavations of a Kiln Site at Tocra Libya in August 1974 (1974)

It has been known since 1954 that a pottery kiln site is situated about 100 metres to the North West of the West Gate of Roman Tocra, in the area known locally as ‘Howa El-Faquar’ (Area of Potsherds). While looking for tombs in the East face of the small quarry in this area (see Fig.l), Wright discovered in 1954 part of a wastage dump from a kiln. The general direction of the tip lines led him to consider that one of the kilns was situated on a ‘small but salient mound’ (see Pl.1) nearby. He published a selection of pottery from the dump and, after some discussion, based on lamp evidence, he placed the date of the group at around A.D.100. As this area is now outside the area controlled by the Department of Antiquities and is being ploughed by local farmers, it was thought expedient to examine the area through limited excavation for several reasons. A date of around A.D.100 seemed too early in the light of a study of the coarse pottery from the recent excavation at Sidi Krebish in Benghazi: a late second or early third century A.D. date seemed more appropriate. It was hoped that further excavation at Tocra would shed more light on this. In addition, few kilns have been excavated anywhere in North Africa to date and the potential of the Tocra site for structural and organisational information about the pottery industry is very great. It was also considered an excellent opportunity to study in detail a large group of contemporary pottery and to quantify the relative proportions of the different types. Permission was kindly granted by Mr. Masoud Shagluf, Controller of Antiquities for Western Cyrenaica, and a two week excavation took place in August 1974.
Assessment of penetrating thermal tissue damage/spread associated with PhotonBlade™, Valleylab™ Pencil, Valleylab™ EDGE™ Coated Pencil, PlasmaBlade® 3.0S and PlasmaBlade® 4.0 for intraoperative tissue dissection using the fresh extirpated porcine muscle model (2017)

Penetrating thermal tissue damage/spread is an important aspect of many electrosurgical devices and correlates with effective tissue cutting, hemostasis, preservation of adjacent critical structures and tissue healing. This study compared the thermal damage/spread associated with the PhotonBlade, Valleylab Pencil, Valleylab EDGE Coated Pencil, PlasmaBlade 3.0S and PlasmaBlade 4.0, when performing a single pass dynamic tissue cut in fresh extirpated porcine longissimus muscle. These devices were used in a fashion that emulated their use in the clinical setting. Each device’s thermal damage/spread, at Minimum, Median and Maximum power input settings, was assessed with nitroblue tetrazolium viability staining in the WVU Pathology Laboratory for Translational Medicine. The thermal damage/spread associated with the PhotonBlade was compared with the other devices tested based on the individual treatment results (n=179 cuts combined). In summary, the PhotonBlade overall demonstrated the least penetrating thermal tissue damage/spread, followed by the PlasmaBlade 4.0, then Valleylab Pencil and PlasmaBlade 3.0S and then Valleylab EDGE Coated Pencil in order of increasing thermal damage/spread depths.
<b>Opsonic human antibodies from an endemic population specific for a conserved epitope on the M protein of group A streptococci</b> (1996)

This study demonstrates the presence of epitope-specific opsonic human antibodies in a population living in an area endemic for group A streptococci (GAS) infection. Antibodies recognizing a conserved C-terminal region epitope (p145, sequence in single letter amino acids: LRRDLDASREAKKQVEKALE) of the M protein of GAS were isolated from human patients by affinity chromatography and were shown to be of the immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG3 subclasses. These antibodies could reduce the number of colonies of serotype 5 GAS in an in vitro opsonization assay by 71-92%, compared with an equal amount of IgG from control adult donors living in non-endemic areas and without antibodies to p145. Addition of the peptide, p145, completely inhibited this opsonization. Indirect immunofluorescence showed that p145-specific antibodies were capable of binding to the surface of M5 GAS whereas control IgG did not. Using chimeric peptides, which contain overlapping segments of p145, each 12 amino acids in length, inserted into a known helical peptide derived from the DNA binding protein of yeast, GCN4, we have been able to further define two minimal regions within p145, referred to as pJ2 and pJ7. These peptides, pJ2 and pJ7, were able to inhibit opsonization by p145 specific antibodies. Finally, we have observed an association between the age-related development of immunity to GAS and the acquisition of antibodies to the conserved epitope, p145, raising the possibility of using this epitope as a target in a prophylactic vaccine administered during early childhood.
Cadherin‐dependent cell aggregation is affected by decapeptide derived from rat extracellular super‐oxide dismutase (1995)

A synthetic HAV-containing decapeptide homologous to the amino acid sequence 44R-Q53 in rat extracellular superoxide dismutase B affects cadherin-dependent cell aggregation. Cell lines, some of them transfected, expressing different types of cadherins were tested using in vitro cell aggregation and cell dissociation assays. A concentration-dependent inhibition of aggregation by the EC-SOD-derived HAV-containing peptide was detected only in N-cadherin expressing cells. These results suggest the localisation and possible protective role of EC-SOD B for cells expressing N-cadherin.
Empirical Equations for Estimating Drying Times of Thick Rotary-Cut Veneer in Press and Jet Dryers. (1985)

This paper describes the use of empirical equations for the analytical correlation of the drying variables-time, temperature, green thickness, and moisture content-for drying southern pine and Douglas-fir thick-cut veneers in two dryer types. The author describes a method of fitting veneer drying data to an empirical equation of a form applicable to both jet and press drying for veneers 1/8 to 1/2 inch thick across a wide range of temperatures. With drying rate data represented by an empirical equation, it is possible to interpolate drying times with some certainty and to extrapolate beyond experimental observations for a limited range. If the basic form of the equations developed in this paper are found to be applicable to other species, the amount of experimentation necessary to characterize a given dryer/species system would be reduced, making cost analysis more efficient. Additional keywords: Tables(data), Charts, and Experimental data.
Trusted Device along with Trusted Location and Biometry based Authentication Method (2016)

Now a days wireless networks and smart devices are getting popularity day by day. With the growing availability of the internet, these facilities have made our life much easier by providing a lot of automated services. Hence to make the user experience much convenient, service providers allow accessing these services through a variety of devices in many ways. Although these technological inventions are blessings to us, client authentication is of the critical issues as intruders may acquire unauthorized access and use their advanced knowledge to impersonate the actual user and steal valuable information. Single factor authentication, e.g. password, being the first authentication approach is no longer considered as secure whereas two factor authentication provides a bit higher protection level by extending a factor. Apart from these, a new concept called multi factor authentication is the most secured approach that requires a combination of two or more different factors. In this paper, a multi factor authentication method is proposed that includes knowledge, possession, location and inherence which can add a new dimension in the security area of user authentication in a hassle free manner.
High performance Hi-K + metal gate strain enhanced transistors on (110) silicon (2008)

For the first time, the performance impact of (110) silicon substrates on high-k + metal gate strained 45nm node NMOS and PMOS devices is presented. Record PMOS drive currents of 1.2 mA/um at 1.0V and 100nA/um Ioff are reported. It will be demonstrated that 2D short channel effects strongly mitigate the negative impact of (110) substrates on NMOS performance. Narrow width (110) device performance is shown and compared to (100) for the first time. Device reliability is also reported showing no fundamental issue for (110) substrates.
Enhanced Delamination of Ultrathin Free-Standing Polymer Films via Self-Limiting Surface Modification (2014)

Free-standing polymer thin films are typically fabricated using a sacrificial underlayer (between the film and its deposition substrate) or overlayer (on top of the film to assist peeling) in order to facilitate removal of the thin film from its deposition substrate. We show the direct delamination of extraordinarily thin (as thin as 8 nm) films of poly(vinyl formal) (PVF), polystyrene, and poly(methyl methacrylate). Large (up to 13 cm diameter) films of PVF could be captured on wire supports to produce free-standing films. By modifying the substrate to lower the interfacial energy resisting film-substrate separation, the conditions for spontaneous delamination are satisfied even for very thin films. The substrate modification is based on the electrostatic adsorption of a cationic polyelectrolyte. Eliminating the use of sacrificial materials and instead relying on naturally self-limiting adsorption makes this method suitable for large areas. We have observed delamination of films with aspect ratios (ratio of lateral dimension between supports to thickness) of 10(7) and have captured dry, free-standing films with aspect ratios >10(6). Films with an aspect ratio of 10(5) can bear loads up to 10(6) times the mass of the film itself. The presence of the adsorbed layer can be observed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and this layer is persistent through multiple uses. In the system studied, elimination of sacrificial materials leads to an enhancement in the failure strength of the free-standing thin film. The robustness, persistence, and the self-optimizing nature distinguish this method from various fabrication methods utilizing sacrificial materials and make it a potentially scalable process for the fabrication of ultrathin free-standing or transferrable films for filtration, MEMS, or tissue engineering applications.
New Cucurbitacin Glycosides from<i>Picrorhiza kurrooa</i> (1989)

From the roots of Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle and Benth., seven cucurbitacin glycosides have been isolated and structurally elucidated mainly by NMR and mass spectroscopy. Four of them (4, 5, 6, 7) are new and two, the 2-O-glycoside of cucurbitacin B (25-acetoxy-2-beta-glucosyloxy-16,20-dihydroxy-9-methyl-19-norl anosta-5, 23-diene-3,11,22-trione) and the 2-O-glucoside of 23,24 didydrocucurbitacin B (25-acetoxy-2-beta-glucosyloxy-16,20-dihydroxy-9-methyl-19-norl anost-5-ene-3, 11-22-trione) were so far not reported as constituents of this plant. The four new cucurbitacins could be identified as 2-beta-glucosyloxy-3,16,20,25-tetrahydroxy-9-methyl-19-norlanos ta-5, 23-diene-22-one, 2-beta-glucosyloxy-3,16,20,25-tetrahydroxy-9-methyl-19-norlanos t-5-ene-22-one, the 2-O-glucoside of cucurbitacin Q (25-acetoxy-2-beta-glucosyloxy-3,16,20-trihydroxy-9-methyl-19-n orlanosta-5, 23-diene-11,22-dione), and the 2-O-glucoside of deacetoxycucurbitacin B (2-beta-glucosyloxy-16,20-dihydroxy-9-methyl-19-norlanosta-5 , 24-diene-3,11,22-trione).
Watching carbon nanotubes grow (2002)

The growth of carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is followed and characterized by performing field-emission microscopy directly in a modified CVD reactor, where the hydrocarbon gas is introduced at a partial pressure below 10−2 mbar and a high voltage is applied between the heated substrate and a phosphor screen. This allows us not only to detect a field-emission current that increases with the length of the nanotubes, but also to observe the growth of the individual emitters by following the evolution of their field-emission patterns on the phosphor screen. Nanotubes grow after an activation time of a few s and reach a length of 5–10 μm in typically 10 s. We deduce a growth rate in the range 1–10 μm/s that increases with the gas pressure.
Library Technical Assistant Programs (2000)

Abstract Library technical assistant (LTA) programs provide degrees, diplomas, certificates, and continuing education opportunities to current and prospective library support staff members. Mostly based in community colleges, these academic departments play a strong role in library education. The author examines the current status of LTA programs in North America, lists the programs, and describes their major features. Suggestions are made for future directions the programs should consider.
Study on the Design Method of the Urban Riverfront Space Using the Computer Graphics (1995)

本研究では, コンピュ-タグラフィックスを用いて, 都市河川の基本構造モデルと修景緑化モデルを作成し, モデル画像を刺激媒体とした心理実験を通じて今後のスーパー堤防化に伴う都市河川の空間整備に関する課題と方向性を探った。その結果, 都市河川の空間整備に際しては, 河川空間のみならず沿川の建物の高さとの関係を考慮した一体的空間として景観形成を図ることが重要であること, 流路線形が曲線線形で河川幅と沿川の建物の高さとの比率が3.0程度であることが望ましいスケール感を創出する可能性があることや高水敷, 堤体の両方に芝生緑化を導入し, 建物の前面に高木緑化を導入することが総合的な快適性を高めることが明らかとなった。
High density fluorocarbon etching of silicon in an inductively coupled plasma: Mechanism of etching through a thick steady state fluorocarbon layer (1998)

For various fluorocarbon processing chemistries in an inductively coupled plasma reactor, we have observed relatively thick (2–7 nm) fluorocarbon layers that exist on the surface during steady state etching of silicon. In steady state, the etch rate and the surface modifications of silicon do not change as a function of time. The surface modifications were characterized by in situ ellipsometry and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The contribution of direct ion impact on the silicon substrate to the etching mechanism is reduced with increasing fluorocarbon layer thickness. Therefore, we consider that the silicon etch rate is controlled by a neutral etchant flux through the layer. Our experimental data show, however, that ions play an import role in the transport of silicon etching precursors through the layer. A model is developed that describes the etch kinetics through a fluorocarbon layer based on a fluorine diffusion transport mechanism. The model is consistent with the data when one or two of the following roles of the ions on the etching process are assumed. The first role is an enhancement in the diffusivity of fluorine atoms through the fluorocarbon layer and an enhancement in the reaction probability of fluorine in the fluorocarbon layer. In this case the fluorine is assumed to originate from the gas phase. The second role includes ion fragmentation and dissociation of the fluorocarbon surface molecules.
Simulation‐based learning in nurse education: systematic review (2009)

Medium and/or high fidelity simulation using manikins is an effective teaching and learning method when best practice guidelines are adhered to. Simulation may have some advantage over other teaching methods, depending on the context, topic and method. Further exploration is needed to determine the effect of team size on learning and to develop a universal method of outcome measurement.
Analysis and preliminary design of optical sensors for propulsion control (1979)

A fiber-optic sensor concept screening study was performed. Twenty sensor subsystems were identified and evaluated. Two concepts selected for further study were the Fabry-Perot fiber-optic temperature sensor and the pulse-width-modulated phosphorescent temperature sensor. Various designs suitable for a Fabry-Perot temperature sensor to be used as a remote fiber-optic transducer were investigated. As a result, a particular design was selected and constructed. Tests on this device show that spectral peaks are produced from visible white light, and the change in wavelength of the spectral peaks produced by a change in temperature is consistent with theory and is 36 nm/C for the first order peak. A literature search to determine a suitable phosphor for implementing the pulse-width-modulated fiber optic temperature sensor was conducted. This search indicated that such a device could be made to function for temperatures up to approximately 200 C. Materials like ZnCdS and ZnSe activated with copper will be particularly applicable to temperature sensing in the cryogenic to room temperature region. While this sensing concept is probably not applicable to jet engines, the simplicity and potential reliability make the concept highly desirable for other applications.
Roles of Quinoidal Character and Regioregularity in Determining the Optoelectronic and Photovoltaic Properties of Conjugated Copolymers (2014)

This work describes an efficient synthetic method for creating ladder-type, oligomeric donor monomers with fused thienobenzothiophene structures. These monomers are copolymerized with fluorinated thieno[3,4-b]thiophene ester to form a series of polymers which are investigated as donor materials in polymer/fullerene solar cells. Photophysical and electrochemical characterizations are used in conjunction with quantum-chemical calculations to identify the interplay of quinoidal and charge transfer character in the optical gaps of conjugated copolymers, providing broadly applicable design rules for tuning the excitation character of conjugated copolymers. X-ray diffraction, mobility measurements, and solar cell device characterization are used to analyze neat films and bulk heterojunctions of these copolymers, demonstrating the importance of the spatial symmetry of the donor and acceptor unit in determining the charge transport characteristics of conjugated copolymers.
Evaluation and Prediction of Galvanic Corrosion in Oxidizing Solutions (1988)

Galvanic corrosion of several alloys has been examined before in simple acids or salt solutions, and good predictive capability has been achieved using numerical solution of appropriate Tafel equations. In this paper, more complex solutions, containing an acid and an oxidizing agent, are examined. Galvanic current measurements and gravimetric (weight-loss) corrosion measurements indicated that galvanic current measurement is not always a reliable method to determine the difference in corrosion rate of an alloy between the coupled and uncoupled conditions. Sometimes an alloy showing a cathodic current showed an increase in corrosion rate while another alloy showing an anodic current showed a decrease in corrosion rate. Graphical superposition of polarization curves in the oxidizing solutions did result in correct prediction of galvanic potential and current in most cases. However, in order to predict the change in corrosion rate of an alloy on coupling to another, polarization curves of the coupled alloys in both the oxidizing solution and the solution without the oxidizing agent have to be superimposed.
α‐Ureidoalkylierung von Phosphor(III)‐ Verbindungen (1973)

Abstract Durch Reaktion von α‐Hydroxyalkyl‐ oder α‐Alkoxyalkyl‐Verbindungen acyclischer oder cyclischer Harnstoffe und Thioharnstoffe entstehen in Gegenwart von äquivalenten Säuremengen über α‐Ureidoalkyl‐carbonium‐imonium‐Ionen ( A ) mit Triphenylphosphin α‐Ureidoalkyl‐triphenylphosphonium‐Salze vom Typ B . Entsprechende Umsetzungen mit Phosphortrihalogeniden führen zu α‐Ureidoalkyl‐phosphonsäuredihalogeniden vom Typ C . α‐Halogenalkyl‐harnstoffe reagieren mit Trialkylphosphiten unter Bildung von α‐Ureidoalkyl‐phosphonsäuredialkylestern des Typ D , die auch durch Kondensation von α‐Hydroxyalkyl‐oder α‐Alkoxyalkyl‐harnstoffen mit Dialkylphosphiten zugänglich sind.
Exploring Hypergraph Representation on Face Anti-spoofing Beyond 2D Attacks (2018)

Face anti-spoofing plays a crucial role in protecting face recognition systems from various attacks. Previous model-based and deep learning approaches achieve satisfactory performance for 2D face spoofs, but remain limited for more advanced 3D attacks such as vivid masks. In this paper, we address 3D face anti-spoofing via the proposed Hypergraph Convolutional Neural Networks (HGCNN). Firstly, we construct a computation-efficient and posture-invariant face representation with only a few key points on hypergraphs. The hypergraph representation is then fed into the designed HGCNN with hypergraph convolution for feature extraction, while the depth auxiliary is also exploited for 3D mask anti-spoofing. Further, we build a 3D face attack database with color, depth and infrared light information to overcome the deficiency of 3D face anti-spoofing data. Experiments show that our method achieves the state-of-the-art performance over widely used 3D and 2D databases as well as the proposed one under various tests.
Struktur und Eigenschaften von Maltodextrin‐Hydrogelen (1979)

Abstract Die von Kartoffelstärke‐Maltodextrinen mil niedrigem DE‐Wert gebildeten Hydrogele wurden hinsichtlich Feinstruktur sowie ihres thermischen und mechanischen Verhaltens mittels folgender Methoden charakterisiert: Durchlicht‐Elektronenmikroskopie, Schmelztemperaturbestimmung, Differentialkalorimetrie und Bestimmung des Kriechverhaltens. Die Ergebnisse führen zu der Schlußfolgerung, daß die schwachen, instabilen Strukturen der Maltodextrin‐Hydrogele durch Verknüpfung der Strukturelemente mittels sekundärer Bindungskräfte gebildet werden.