gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SC-type single-mode optical fiber connectors (1989)

SC-type single-mode optical fiber connectors specifically developed for subscriber loop networks are discussed. The properties and design of precision zirconia ceramic ferrules which have been found to be ideal for high-performance, low-cost single-mode optical fiber connectors are described. A design approach featuring a plastic-molded rectangular connector housing using a push-pull coupling mechanism which has also been found to be suitable for durable, compact, and low-cost connectors is presented. SC connectors used with 10/125 single-mode fibers exhibit insertion loss of 0.06 dB and return loss of 38.6 dB, with no degradation during and after mechanical and environmental tests. To realize higher packaging density, duplex-ferrule connectors, quadruple-ferrule connectors and optical attenuators have also been developed on the basis of the SC connector design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characteristics of Externally Pressurized Journal Bearings with Membrane-Type Variable-Flow Restrictors as Compensating Elements (1974)

The characteristics of externally pressurized journal bearings with four recesses and with membrane-type variable-flow restrictors as compensating elements are analytically investigated by using the bearing model of Raimondi and Boyd. The effects of the ratio of the recess pressure at zero eccentricity to the supply pressure (pressure ratio), the eccentricity ratio, the compliance of the membrane and the shaft rotation on the lubricant flow rate, the load capacity and the stiffness of these bearings are presented for a given aspect ratio and inter-recess*** land width-to-diameter ratio. For a non-rotating shaft, it is shown that when the bearing operates at zero eccentricity there is a pressure ratio that gives an optimum bearing stiffness. This pressure ratio is a function of the aspect ratio of the bearing only. Using this pressure ratio, data for the load capacity and stiffness of the bearing are presented for an eccentricity ratio that varies from 0 to 0·1. For these data, the membrane compliances used are those that would give an infinite bearing stiffness if the bearing were operating at zero eccentricity.
Determination of the catalytic pathway of C<sub>4</sub>‐leaf pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase from maize (1990)

The mechanism of the maize pyruvate, phosphate dikinase-catalyzed conversion of adenosine 5'-triphosphate, orthophosphate and pyruvate to adenosine 5'-monophosphate, inorganic pyrophosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate, respectively, was determined by using transient kinetic techniques. The data obtained demonstrate that catalysis in the maize pyruvate, phosphate dikinase active site involves initial transfer of the P beta P-unit from adenosine 5'-trisphosphate to the enzyme to form a pyrophosphorylenzyme intermediate, followed by sequential phosphoryl group transfer to orthophosphate (to form pyrophosphate and a phosphoenzyme intermediate) and pyruvate (to form phosphoenolpyruvate and free enzyme).
New laser illumination method for Kerr microscopy (2000)

Many useful materials such as Permalloy exhibiting a very small magneto-optic Kerr-effect (MOKE), are in a class called weak phase objects (WPOs). Polarized light microscopy converts a WPO’s phase distribution into a viewable and recordable intensity map. Nearly crossing the polars is necessary to convert a WPO to an amplitude image. Therefore, digital image processing procedures are usually necessary to enhance MOKE images. In order to increase efficiency and throughput, three methods to increase light intensity are described and demonstrated. All three methods conduct laser light to the conventional source spot in the microscope by imaging the output face of a multimode optical fiber onto the objective’s rear focal plane. Dithering the fiber or its image more rapidly than video scan rates, average illumination nonuniformities caused by fiber modes and diminishes short-range artifacts due to laser coherence. With a third method the long-range nonuniformity is avoided by dithering the location of the fiber-face image. Time-averaged distributions of fiber-face output and corresponding patterns of illumination on the air bearing surface of a recording head, are presented together with polar Kerr contrast images as evidence of the quality, resolution, and stability of the improved method. A combination of all three methods synchronized at a multiple of the video scan rate, produced the most uniform, steady and incoherent source, making it suitable for efficient, real-time, Kerr-effect video microscopy of magnetic materials and devices.
IoT-based Software Update Proposal for Next Generation Automotive Middleware Stacks (2018)

Automotive software in modern vehicles is becoming very complex and various new features and opportunities are offered. Main problem for manufacturers is to ensure that new features, bug fixes and improvements are quickly applied to vehicles, as today's methods of software updates in repair shops are unpractical. Over-the-Air (OTA) updates as a faster way of suppling new software without driver interruption are considered instead. This requires the development of a platform with possibility of dynamic deployment and update of applications which is Adaptive AUTOSAR. These procedures shall not violate proper work of safety critical ECUs, and shall keep the system safe from external intrusions. In this paper, we present a solution for vehicle update that includes integration of IoT technologies with Adaptive AUTOSAR platform, usage of access policies, and installation flow.
The Purification and Characterisation of the Human‐Serum Binding Protein for the 25‐Hydroxycholecalciferol (Transcalciferin) Identity with Group‐Specific Component (1976)

The binding protein for 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 has been isolated from human serum by monitoring the recovery of 3H-labeled 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. After a 500-fold purification a pure protein was obtained as judged from the constant specific activity (ratio of absorbance versus radioactivity) on agarose and DEAE-Sephadex chromatography and on the presence of a single band on both cellulose acetate and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the purified protein was measured by gel filtration on agarose (56000), Sephadex G-75 (58000) and dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (56000). On sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation a sedimentation coefficient of 4.1 S was found. The isoelectric point was 4.89 S on isoelectric focusing. The stability of the protein at 60 degrees C was enhanced by the presence of excess 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. On tandem crossed immunoelectrophoresis the purified binding protein was found to be identical to the one present in whole serum. The activity of the isolated protein was demonstrated by a Ka at 4 degrees C of 1.2 X 10(10) l-mol-1. A binding capacity of 0.8 binding site/molecule was measured on a Sephadex G-25 column. During immunological studies with this protein it became evident that the binding protein is identical with another serum protein known as group-specific component (Gc). In analogy to other serum binding proteins we propose to call this group-specific component/25-hydroxyvitamin-D3-binding protein transcalciferin.
Purification characterization of the inhibitory subunit (δ) of the ATP‐synthase from <i>Micrococcus luteus</i> (1994)

Subunit delta was isolated from the ATP-synthase from Micrococcus luteus strain (ATCC 4698). delta, in the case of M. luteus F0F1-ATPase, acts as an inhibitor of ATP hydrolysis and thus resembles subunits in E. coli and chloroplast ATP-synthase. After treatment with 1.5 M LiCl the ATP-synthase dissociated, and subsequently subunit delta (27 kDa) was purified by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Inhibition of ATP-synthase lacking delta by addition of delta showed non-competitive kinetics with a Ki of approximately 5.9 nM. Subunit epsilon from chloroplast F1, which corresponds functionally to the M. luteus F0F1-delta, and chloroplast delta were tested for ATPase inhibitory activity by addition to the partially delta-depleted ATP-synthase from M. luteus. CF1-epsilon inhibited M. luteus ATP-synthase up to 80%, whereas CF1-delta did not show any influence.
Optical Properties and the Electro-optic and Photoelastic Effects in Crystals Expressed in Tensor Form (1950)

The electro-optic and photoelastic effects in crystals were first investigated by Pöckels, <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> who developed a phenomenological theory for these effects and measured the constants for a number of crystals. Since then not much work has been done on the subject till the very large electro-optic effects were discovered in two tetragonal crystals ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP). With these crystals light modulators can be obtained which work on voltages of 2000 volts or less. Their use has been suggested <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in such equipment as light valves for sound on film recording and in television systems. Furthermore, since the electro-optic effect depends on a change in the dielectric constant with voltage, and the dielectric constant is known to follow the field up to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sup> cycles, it is obvious that this effect can be used to produce very short light pulses which may be of interest for physical investigations and for stroboscope instruments of very high resolution. Hence these crystals renew an interest in the electro-optic effect.
Repression of Nitrogen Starvation Responses by Members of the Arabidopsis GARP-Type Transcription Factor NIGT1/HRS1 Subfamily (2018)

Nitrogen (N) is often a limiting nutrient whose availability determines plant growth and productivity. Because its availability is often low and/or not uniform over time and space in nature, plants respond to variations in N availability by altering uptake and recycling mechanisms, but the molecular mechanisms underlying how these responses are regulated are poorly understood. Here, we show that a group of GARP G2-like transcription factors, <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> NITRATE-INDUCIBLE, GARP-TYPE TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSOR1/HYPERSENSITIVE TO LOW Pi-ELICITED PRIMARY ROOT SHORTENING1 proteins (NIGT1/HRS1s), are factors that bind to the promoter of the N starvation marker <i>NRT2.4</i> and repress an array of N starvation-responsive genes under conditions of high N availability. Transient assays and expression analysis demonstrated that NIGT1/HRS1s are transcriptional repressors whose expression is regulated by N availability. We identified target genes of the NIGT1/HRS1s by genome-wide transcriptome analyses and found that they are significantly enriched in N starvation response-related genes, including N acquisition, recycling, remobilization, and signaling genes. Loss of <i>NIGT1/HRS1s</i> resulted in deregulation of N acquisition and accumulation. We propose that NIGT1/HRS1s are major regulators of N starvation responses that play an important role in optimizing N acquisition and utilization under fluctuating N conditions.
Gellan gum microgel-reinforced cell-laden gelatin hydrogels (2013)

The relatively weak mechanical properties of hydrogels remain a major drawback for their application as load-bearing tissue scaffolds. Previously, we developed cell-laden double-network (DN) hydrogels that were composed of photocrosslinkable gellan gum (GG) and gelatin. Further research into the materials as tissue scaffolds determined that the strength of the DN hydrogels decreased when they were prepared at cell-compatible conditions, and the encapsulated cells in the DN hydrogels did not function as well as they did in gelatin hydrogels. In this work, we developed microgel-reinforced (MR) hydrogels from the same two polymers, which have better mechanical strength and biological properties in comparison to the DN hydrogels. The MR hydrogels were prepared by incorporating stiff GG microgels into soft and ductile gelatin hydrogels. The MR hydrogels prepared at cell-compatible conditions exhibited higher strength than the DN hydrogels and the gelatin hydrogels, the highest strength being 2.8 times that of the gelatin hydrogels. MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts encapsulated in MR hydrogels exhibited as high metabolic activity as in gelatin hydrogels, which is significantly higher than that in the DN hydrogels. The measurement of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the amount of mineralization showed that osteogenic behavior of MC3T3-E1 cells was as much facilitated in the MR hydrogels as in the gelatin hydrogels, while it was not as much facilitated in the DN hydrogels. These results suggest that the MR hydrogels could be a better alternative to the DN hydrogels and have great potential as load-bearing tissue scaffolds.
Spectral focusing: High spectral resolution spectroscopy with broad-bandwidth laser pulses (2004)

In this work, we show how broad-bandwidth femtosecond pulses can be used to achieve high spectral resolution in nonlinear spectroscopy and microscopy. Our approach is based on chirping the excitation pulses in order to focus their entire bandwidth into a narrow spectral region. We show that spectral features which are 100 times narrower than the excitation light can be resolved with this simple spectral focusing. The gain in spectral selectivity and sensitivity makes its application to nonlinear microscopy very convenient. This is demonstrated with diffraction-limited coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy.
McGraw-Hill machining and metalworking handbook (1994)

This handbook aims to provide machinists, technicians and design engineers with accurate information on the modern techniques and procedures essential to achieving the highest quality in machining and metalworking. The Handbook is a compendium of the most up-to-date design data and calculation procedures available, with information arranged in a logical, user-friendly format. It covers practical topics - from safety procedures and the latest ANSI standards, to the latest metal-cutting practices and the newest polishing compounds. In addition, drawings, photographs and tables amplify the most currently used machinery, tools, parts and techniques. The Handbook offers machinists current information on modern equipment, processes, and tools, and the latest calculation techniques. It provides the formulas needed to calculate machining times and the procedures required to use high-speed manufacturing tools. Engineers should gain insight into new develoments in pneumatics and hydraulics and should benefit from extensive design data and coverage of fastening and joining techniques, plating procedures and other applications.
Millimeter-wave components and subsystems built using microstrip technology (1991)

The author describes the evaluation of microstrip as a transmission medium for components and subsystems operating in the millimeter wavebands. The manufacturing process for thin-film MICs on single-crystal quartz is described. The microwave integrated circuit (MIC) manufacturing process is suitable for high-value manufacturing of highly integrated subsystems since manufacturing costs for the circuits are almost independent of the number of circuit functions. Designs for various circuit elements are discussed, and an integrated subsystem is described in which MIC techniques are used to produce a miniature millimeter-wave distance-measuring sensor. Range measurement results for the miniature sensor are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Augmented reality for manufacturing planning (2003)

The shortening of development cycles demand for efficient methods and tools for the planning of complex production systems. Recently immersive Virtual Reality technologies have been introduced to the manufacturing planning functions. This has lead to a decrease in planning times as well as to the improvement of the quality of planning results. The introduction of various virtual planning tools is targeting the complete integration of all planning tasks and demands an intuitive interaction with complex computer models of machinery, factory-layouts etc. Known methods and tools are limited to a purely virtual representation of planning objects and thus require the complete modeling of the production system. The high costs reduce the possible benefits of these tools and this technology in general. New potential for the improvement of the industrial planning process are offered by the AR-technology. Using AR-techniques an physically existing production environment can be superimposed with virtual planning objects. Planning tasks can thus be validated without modeling the surrounding environment of the production site. In this contribution we discuss the support of manufacturing planning tasks with the Augmented Reality technology. We present potential benefits and describe the development of an prototypical AR-System for the support of planning tasks.
Climate change 2007: the physical science basis (2007)

This report is the first volume of the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report. It covers several topics including the extensive range of observations now available for the atmosphere and surface, changes in sea level, assesses the paleoclimatic perspective, climate change causes both natural and anthropogenic, and climate models for projections of global climate.
행정심판의 피청구인으로서 지방자치단체의 원고적격 (2007)

(1) 대법원은 97누15432판결에서 지방자치단체는 자신들이 행한 처분에 불복하여 제기되는 행정심판의 재결에서 인용재결이 있게 되면 행정소송을 제기할 수 없다고 하였다. 판결이유로 ① 심판청구의 대상이 된 행정청에 대하여 재결에 관한 항쟁수단을 별도로 인정하는 것은 행정상의 통제를 스스로 파괴하는 것이 된다는 점, ② 심판청구의 대상이 된 행정청에 대하여...
Imatinib Mesylate and AMN107 Inhibit PDGF-Signaling in Orbital Fibroblasts: A Potential Treatment for Graves’ Ophthalmopathy (2009)

Imatinib mesylate and AMN107 inhibit orbital fibroblast proliferation and hyaluronan production induced by PDGF-BB; a factor highly expressed in orbital tissue from patients with GO. The drugs, however, had no effect on TGF-beta(1)-induced HAS expression and hyaluronan production. Nevertheless, imatinib mesylate and AMN107 should be considered as treatment candidates for GO.
Efficacy of benfotiamine versus thiamine on function and glycation products of peripheral nerves in diabetic rats (2001)

In rats with streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes the effect of (watersoluble) thiamine nitrate and of (lipidsoluble) benfotiamine on peripheral nerve function (motor nerve conduction velocity) as well as on the formation of advanced glycation end-products in peripheral nerve tissue was studied. In one group of animals drug administration was started immediately after diabetes induction (prevention study) and in another group two months after diabetes induction (treatment study). Motor nerve conduction velocity (NCV) dropped by 10.5% in diabetic animals, carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) rose to a 3.5fold concentration, deoxyglucosone (3DG)-type AGE formation was increased 5.1fold compared with controls. After three months preventive administration of both vitamin B(1) preparations NCV had increased substantially compared with results in diabetic controls. It was nearly normal after six months with benfotiamine, while the administration of thiamine nitrate resulted in no further amelioration. NCV was nearly normalized after six months of benfotiamine application but not with thiamine. Furthermore, benfotiamine induced a major inhibition of neural imidazole-type AGE formation and completely prevented diabetes induced glycoxidation products (CML). Treatment with thiamine did not significantly affect AGE or cmL levels. Unlike treatment with water-soluble thiamine nitrate timely administration of liposoluble prodrug benfotiamine was effective in the prevention of functional damage and of AGE and cmL formation in nerves of diabetic rats.
Retinoid effects in purified cultures of chick embryo retina neurons and photoreceptors. (1993)

Retinol, 11-cis retinaldehyde, and retinoic acid can promote the survival (and possibly differentiation) of cultured embryonic retina neurons and photoreceptors in the absence of glia and retinal pigment epithelium. Although retinoic acid is likely to function by interacting with one of the known nuclear receptors for this retinoid, the effectiveness of retinol in the absence of metabolic transformation into retinoic acid suggests the possible existence of a distinct, yet undiscovered receptor.
Sodium benzoate attenuates iminodipropionitrile-induced behavioral syndrome in rats (2004)

This study reports the effects of the antioxidant sodium benzoate (SB) on iminodipropionitrile (IDPN)-induced excitation with choreiform and circling (ECC) syndrome in adult female Wistar rats. Rats in four different groups (n=8) received i.p. injections of SB (0, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) daily for 10 days. IDPN (100 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered daily 30 min before SB for the first 8 days. Two additional groups served as control (vehicle) and SB alone (200 mg/kg) groups. The animals were observed daily for neurobehavioral abnormalities, including dyskinetic head movements, circling, tail hanging, righting reflex and contact inhibition of the righting reflex, characterized as the ECC syndrome. In the IDPN-alone treated group, the onset of ECC syndrome occurred on day 9 (2 out of 8 rats), whereas none of the animals treated with IDPN plus SB (100 or 200 mg/kg) showed any signs of ECC syndrome on that day. All the animals in the IDPN-alone group developed severe dyskinesia on day 11. Treatment of rats with SB significantly and dose-dependently attenuated IDPN-induced behavioral deficits.
TiO<sub>2</sub>—a prototypical memristive material (2011)

Redox-based memristive switching has been observed in many binary transition metal oxides and related compounds. Since, on the one hand, many recent reports utilize TiO(2) for their studies of the memristive phenomenon and, on the other hand, there is a long history of the electronic structure and the crystallographic structure of TiO(2) under the impact of reduction and oxidation processes, we selected this material as a prototypical material to provide deeper insight into the mechanisms behind memristive switching. In part I, we briefly outline the results of the historical and recent studies of electroforming and resistive switching of TiO(2)-based cells. We describe the (tiny) stoichiometrical range for TiO(2 - x) as a homogeneous compound, the aggregation of point defects (oxygen vacancies) into extended defects, and the formation of the various Magnéli phases. Furthermore, we discuss the driving forces for these solid-state reactions from the thermodynamical point of view. In part II, we provide new experimental details about the hierarchical transformation of TiO(2) single crystals into Magnéli phases, and vice versa, under the influence of chemical, electrical and thermal gradients, on the basis of the macroscopic and nanoscopic measurements. Those include thermogravimetry, high-temperature x-ray diffraction (XRD), high-temperature conductivity measurements, as well as low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and LC-AFM (atomic force microscope equipped with a conducting tip) studies. Conclusions are drawn concerning the relevant parameters that need to be controlled in order to tailor the memristive properties.