gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preclinical evaluation of the antitumor activity of bortezomib in combination with vitamin C or with epigallocatechin gallate, a component of green tea (2011)

No antagonism of bortezomib is seen in preclinical in vivo experiments, where EGCG or ascorbic acid plasma concentrations are commensurate with dietary or supplemental intake. The data suggest that patients receiving bortezomib treatment do not need to avoid normal dietary consumption of green tea, vitamin C-containing foods, or EGCG or vitamin C dietary supplements.
Implementation of the Generalized Complementary Flux Constraint for Low-Loss Magnetic Bearings (2005)

This paper explores the experimental issues associated with the implementation of the recently developed generalized complementary ∞ux constraint (GCFC) ∞ux-biasing scheme on a spacecraft reaction wheel that is magnetically suspended by a low-loss active magnetic bearing (AMB). Implementation of the GCFC depends fundamentally on the ability to estimate the electromagnet ∞ux. Once addressed, other fundamental issues including the synthesis of a (possibly time-varying) bias ∞ux and the realization of the state-dependent, voltage-switching rule that imposes the GCFC are studied. Signiflcant flltering is required to obtain clean ∞ux measurements and avoid spurious voltage switchings. Open-loop tests experimentally verify that the voltage-switching rule imposes the GCFC ∞ux constraints on the operation of the electromagnets. A passivity-based control algorithm is used to illustrate the closed-loop functioning of the GCFC in large-bias and zero-bias modes of operation to demonstrate the efiect of the bias ∞ux on the closed-loop bearing stifiness, damping, and ∞ux slew-rate.
Scheduled Mesh Access Mechanism for an IEEE 802.11 Mesh Network (2008)

One of the key issues for an IEEE 802.11-based mesh network is the effectiveness of its distributed listen-before-transmit media access control approach. In this paper we proposed one technique, called scheduled mesh access (SMA), for reducing the impact of interference on a mesh network. The SMA mechanism reserves time on the media for future transmissions, and then accesses the media at reserved times using the 802.11 channel access procedures. We study the ability of mesh network employing SMA to avoid non-mesh interference and schedule around self interference. Results indicate that SMA is more robust to interference than the enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) function (defined by in the IEEE 802.1 le amendment to the IEEE 802.11 standard), which does not includes a mesh-aware scheduling mechanism.
Protective Effect of Bendavia (SS-31) Against Oxygen/Glucose-Deprivation Stress-Induced Mitochondrial Damage in Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells (2017)

Mitochondria play a key role in cell survival by perfoming functions such as adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) synthesis, regulation of apoptotic cell death, calcium storage. Hypoxic conditions induce mitochondrial dysfunction, which leads to endothelial injury in cerebral ischemia. Functional disorders include the following: collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, reduction of ATP synthesis, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Bendavia, a novel tetra-peptide, has been reported to restrict the uncoupling of the mitochondrial membrane chain, protect the synthesis of ATP, and inhibit ROS generation. In the present study, we investigated whether bendavia protects mitochondria under hypoxic and starved conditions by using human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVECs). After pre-treatment with bendavia, we exposed HBMVECs to oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) for 6 h. We then assessed cell viability, the level of caspase-3/7 activity, ROS generation, mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP contents, and the number of mitochondria. Bendavia recovered cell viability and reduced the caspase-3/7 activity induced by OGDinduced damage. Bendavia also recovered mitochondrial functions. These results suggest that bendavia protects mitochondrial function against OGD-induced injury and inhibits apoptosis in HBMVECs. Consequently, our findings indicate that bendavia might become the new therapeutic drug of choice to target mitochondria in case of cerebral ischemia.
Phosphatoquinones A and B, Novel Tyrosine Phosphatase Inhibitors Produced by Streptomyces sp. (1999)

Phosphatoquinones A and B were isolated from the cultured broth of Streptomyces sp. TA-0363 and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. Phosphatoquinones A and B inhibited the protein tyrosine phosphatase activity prepared from human Ball-1 cells with IC50 of 28 microM and 2.9 microM, respectively.
Heterogeneous tissue-specific transcription of dopamine receptor subtype messenger RNA in rat brain (1994)

The recent identification through molecular cloning techniques of multiple dopamine receptor subtypes has raised interest in the functional interactions between some of the newly described receptors and their classic counterparts. The dopamine D5 (D1B) receptor gene is of particular interest since there is some evidence that its transcriptional tissue distribution is different than that of the D1 and D2 receptor genes, possibly implying a unique role for the receptor that this gene encodes. This study compares the relative anatomical distribution of dopamine D1, D2, and D5 receptor mRNAs in the rat brain using Northern blot analysis. The results demonstrate that the patterns of expression for these three genes are quite different and tissue specific. Although levels of D1 and D2 mRNA are highest in the striatum, levels of D5 mRNA are proportionately much higher in the midbrain, hippocampus and hypothalamus. In addition two D5 mRNA transcripts were detected in the hippocampus, but not in other brain areas. There were tissue-specific differences in the size of D5 mRNA transcripts in human brain tissue as well. These data may suggest a more specialized role for the dopamine D5 receptor within the mammalian brain.
A new approach to developing and implementing eager database replication protocols (2000)

Database replication is traditionally seen as a way to increase the availability and performance of distributed databases. Although a large number of protocols providing data consistency and fault-tolerance have been proposed, few of these ideas have ever been used in commercial products due to their complexity and performance implications. Instead, current products allow inconsistencies and often resort to centralized approaches which eliminates some of the advantages of replication. As an alternative, we propose a suite of replication protocols that addresses the main problems related to database replication. On the one hand, our protocols maintain data consistency and the same transactional semantics found in centralized systems. On the other hand, they provide flexibility and reasonable performance. To do so, our protocols take advantage of the rich semantics of group communication primitives and the relaxed isolation guarantees provided by most databases. This allows us to eliminate the possibility of deadlocks, reduce the message overhead and increase performance. A detailed simulation study shows the feasibility of the approach and the flexibility with which different types of bottlenecks can be circumvented.
Anisotropic optical matrix elements in strained GaN‐quantum wells with various substrate orientations (2008)

Abstract Polarization properties in compressively strained III‐nitride quantum wells (QWs) with various substrate orientations are numerically calculated using the 6×6 k · p Hamiltonian. It is shown that in‐plane optical anisotropies strongly depend on substrate orientation, QW width, and strain components. In particular, quantum confinement and compressive strain have the opposite effects on the anisotropies, and the in‐plane polarization degree is determined by the competition of these two effects. These characteristics are also verified by analytical calculations. On the basis of the calculation results, the structural design of laser diodes on semipolar and nonpolar substrates is also discussed. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Low-rank plus diagonal adaptation for deep neural networks (2016)

In this paper, we propose a scalable adaptation technique that adapts the deep neural network (DNN) model through the low-rank plus diagonal (LRPD) decomposition. It is desired that an adaptation method can properly accommodate the available development data with a variable amount of adaptation parameters. Thus, the resulting models neither over-fit nor under-fit as the development data vary in size for different speakers. The technique developed in this paper is inspired by observing that adaptation matrices are very close to an identity matrix or diagonally dominant. The LRPD restructures the adaptation matrix as a superposition of a diagonal matrix and a low-rank matrix. By varying the low-rank values, the LRPD contains the full and the diagonal adaptation matrix as its special cases. Experimental results demonstrated that the LRPD adaptation of the full-size DNN obtains improved accuracy over the standard linear adaptation. The LRPD bottleneck adaptation can reduce the speaker-specific footprint by 82% over an already very compact SVD bottleneck adaptation, at an expense of 1% relative WER increase.
Synthesis and Solid‐State NMR Studies of <i>P</i>‐Vinylbenzylphosphonic Acid (2003)

P-Vinylbenzylphosphonic acid (2) was synthesized and crystallized in two phases A and B. The latter phase was easily converted into the former. Both phases were investigated by IR and solid-state (31)P and (1)H NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography. The use of recently developed NMR methods has enabled us to increase the usually poor resolution of solid-state (1)H spectra. This gave additional insights on the proton environments. In particular, two dimensional 2D (1)H-(31)P heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) experiments, incorporating a Lee-Golburg homonuclear decoupling scheme, allowed description of the mixture of phase A and B.
A Selective Matrix Metalloprotease 12 Inhibitor for Potential Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Discovery of (<i>S</i>)-2-(8-(Methoxycarbonylamino)dibenzo[<i>b</i>,<i>d</i>]furan-3-sulfonamido)-3-methylbutanoic acid (MMP408) (2009)

Matrix metalloprotease 12 plays a significant role in airway inflammation and remodeling. Increased expression and production of MMP-12 have been found in the lung of human COPD patients. MMP408 (14), a potent and selective MMP-12 inhibitor, was derived from a potent matrix metalloprotease 2 and 13 inhibitor via lead optimization and has good physical properties and bioavailability. The compound blocks rhMMP-12-induced lung inflammation in a mouse model and was advanced for further development for the treatment of COPD.
Interleukin-8-Derived Peptide Has Antibacterial Activity (2005)

Chemokines are inflammatory mediators with effects on diverse processes associated with the immune response. Some of the proteins belonging to the CXC chemokine subfamily, one of four groups in the family, possess inherent antibacterial activity against a wide range of bacteria. The CXC chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) has not been ascribed any direct antibacterial activity, but the fact that several of the amino acids in the carboxy-terminal part of the protein are identical or similar to those in a bactericidal cecropin-like peptide [Hp(2-20)] from Helicobacter pylori suggests that processing of the cytokine might generate peptide fragments with antibacterial properties. Synthetic peptides representing the carboxy-terminal part of IL-8 were investigated for antibacterial activities. These fragments possessed an antibacterial activity absent in the full-length IL-8. The antibacterial effects were reduced at increasing salt concentrations whereas the activity was increased when the pH was lowered. The IL-8-derived peptide shared structural similarity with and was also functionally additive to the Hp(2-20) peptide. The IL-8-derived peptide lacked the proinflammatory effects of the full-length protein. We also showed that acid hydrolysis of IL-8 generated a major peptide fragment corresponding to the antibacterial carboxyl terminus of the protein. The results presented are of special interest when put in the context of the suggested importance of antimicrobial peptides for microbial colonization of the gastric mucosa.
Active Speaker Detection using audio-visual sensor array (2014)

Active Speaker Detection(ASD) in a noisy environment is a challenging problem. Audio modality does not help significantly when the level of noise is high, so usage of bimodal information like vision and speech together for ASD in a meeting room scenario is explored in this work. The method proposed in this work uses an audio-visual sensor array placed in circular geometry. Time difference of arrival(TDOA) is used to find the pivot mic corresponding to the active speaker, Directional of arrival(DOA) using audio modality is used to localise speaker and TDOA features are used in bimodal decision level fusion. In video modality active speaker is localised by lip activity detection method, followed by stereo triangulation. A pivot camera is also detected and used to extract correlation based video features. Multimodal active speaker detection is performed by the weighted fusion of audio and video modality decisions. A decision level fusion is used herein for improved ASD performance. Extensive experiments are performed on the M-MONC database and video recorded using lab testbed. The Multimodal approach proposed in this work for ASD indicates better performance than the existing clustering based method in terms of detection rate.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (2005)

The polycystic ovary syndrome is one of the most common hormonal disorders affecting women. It has multiple components — reproductive, metabolic, and cardiovascular — with health implications for the patient's entire life span. This review addresses current concepts regarding the diagnosis, cause, and treatment of the condition.
Molecular Cloning of Forebrain mRNAs which are Modulated by Sleep Deprivation (1990)

Sleep deprivation (SD) experiments have suggested that specific endogenous substances mediate the control of sleep and waking. However, such 'sleep substances' have not yet been unambiguously identified. The isolation of specific molecular markers would make it possible to obtain new insights into the regulatory mechanism underlying sleep and waking. For this purpose, we have used a molecular genetical approach based on subtractive cDNA cloning. Using these techniques, we were able to detect and isolate in rat forebrain four cDNA clones whose corresponding transcripts are expressed at a lower level after 24 h of SD, and six cDNA clones whose corresponding transcripts are expressed at a higher level. For two of the former transcripts, the level showed a significant reduction of approximately 50% after 24 h of SD and a non-significant reduction after 12 h of SD. A significant reduction was also observed after 12 h of cold exposure. A regional analysis of their level under baseline conditions revealed variation during the 24-h cycle. The highest levels tended to occur at the onset of darkness, the beginning of the rat's activity period. Our results are compatible with the hypothesis that the cloned transcripts are associated with the regulation of the sleep-waking cycle. Analysis of their primary structure indicated that these mRNAs have not yet been characterized. The in vivo distribution of these transcripts in the forebrain shows some correspondence to that of receptors of excitatory amino acids, suggesting an association between the functional role of the cloned sequences and this neurotransmission system.
Mutational analysis of the tuberous sclerosis gene<i>TSC2</i> in patients with pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (2000)

Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare disorder limited almost exclusively to women of reproductive age. LAM affects about 5% of women with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). LAM also occurs in women who do not have TSC (sporadic LAM). TSC is a tumour suppressor gene syndrome characterised by seizures, mental retardation, and tumours in the brain, heart, and kidney. Angiomyolipomas, which are benign tumours with smooth muscle, fat, and dysplastic vascular components, are the most common renal tumour in TSC. Renal angiomyolipomas also occur in 63% of sporadic LAM patients. We recently found that 54% of these angiomyolipomas have TSC2 loss of heterozygosity, leading to the hypothesis that sporadic LAM is genetically related to TSC. In this study, we screened DNA from 21 women with sporadic LAM for mutations in all 41 exons of TSC2. Twelve of the patients had known renal angiomyolipomas. No TSC2 mutations were detected. We did find three silent TSC2 polymorphisms. We conclude that patients with sporadic LAM, including those with renal angiomyolipomas, do not have a high frequency of germline mutations in the coding region of TSC2.
DnaA Boxes Are Important Elements in Setting the Initiation Mass of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1999)

ABSTRACT The binding of DnaA protein to its DNA binding sites—DnaA boxes—in the chromosomal oriC region is essential for initiation of chromosome replication. In this report, we show that additional DnaA boxes affect chromosome initiation control, i.e., increase the initiation mass. The cellular DnaA box concentration was increased by introducing pBR322-derived plasmids carrying DnaA boxes from the oriC region into Escherichia coli and by growing the strains at different generation times to obtain different plasmid copy numbers. In fast-growing cells, where the DnaA box plasmid copy number per oriC locus was low, the presence of extra DnaA boxes caused only a moderate increase in the initiation mass. In slowly growing cells, where the DnaA box plasmid copy number per oriC locus was higher, we observed more pronounced increases in the initiation mass. Our data clearly show that the presence of extra DnaA boxes increases the initiation mass, supporting the idea that the initiation mass is determined by the normal complement of DnaA protein binding sites in E. coli cells.
Efficient Construction of Neighborhood Graphs by the Multiple Sorting Method (2009)

Neighborhood graphs are gaining popularity as a concise data representation in machine learning. However, naive graph construction by pairwise distance calculation takes $O(n^2)$ runtime for $n$ data points and this is prohibitively slow for millions of data points. For strings of equal length, the multiple sorting method (Uno, 2008) can construct an $ε$-neighbor graph in $O(n+m)$ time, where $m$ is the number of $ε$-neighbor pairs in the data. To introduce this remarkably efficient algorithm to continuous domains such as images, signals and texts, we employ a random projection method to convert vectors to strings. Theoretical results are presented to elucidate the trade-off between approximation quality and computation time. Empirical results show the efficiency of our method in comparison to fast nearest neighbor alternatives.
Western Immunoblot Analysis for Distinguishing Vaccination and Infection Status with<i>Borrelia Burgdorferi</i>(Lyme Disease) in Dogs (1999)

Serodiagnosis of Lyme borreliosis in dogs is complicated by the use of commercially available Lyme disease vaccines that may cross-react with certain diagnostic assays. Western immunoblotting may be used to distinguish between dogs naturally exposed and those vaccinated against Borrelia burgdorferi. Because current vaccines are not 100% efficacious and dogs may be vaccinated after natural exposure, certain dogs may show serum antibody responses against both natural and vaccine exposure (dual status). In this study, samples from 17 nonexposed, 17 B. burgdorferi-bacterin vaccinated, 13 naturally exposed, and 8 dual-status dogs were tested by western immunoblot to determine if dual-status dogs could be reliably differentiated from naturally infected or vaccinated dogs. Reaction to outer surface protein A antigen of B. burgdorferi (31 kD) was a consistent marker for vaccination, appearing in all samples from vaccinate and dual-status dogs and in no samples from single-status naturally exposed dogs. Antibodies to 4 bands, at 80, 39, 29, and 28 kD, were present in all naturally infected and dual-status dogs. No samples from vaccinated or nonexposed dogs were reactive to all 4 of these bands simultaneously. Thus, vaccine and natural exposure produce differing antibody responses, whereas dual-status dogs produced the full antibody response of both types of exposure.
Tacky Dots/sup TM/ technology for flip chip and BGA solder bumping (2002)

As the electronics market moves toward higher performance Integrated Circuits (ICs), each IC requires larger numbers of Inputs and Outputs (I/Os). This has resulted in a strong need in the marketplace for a low cost, high resolution method for placing controlled volumes of solder (or other metal alloys) on bond pads of ICs and area array semiconductor packages, such as Ball Grid Arrays (BGAs), and Chip Scale Packages (CSPs). To satisfy this need, DuPont has developed the concept of Tacky Dots/sup TM/, which utilizes proprietary technology in photoimageable adhesives to form a pattern of tacky areas, which are subsequently populated with conductive particles and then transferred to ICs or packages. DuPont's expertise and effort have been focused on developing a systems approach to the front end population process, while working closely with Texas Instruments who has developed technology to enable the effective transfer of the conductive particles. This paper contains details of the imaging and population technology as well as a discussion of the overall progress of this new wafer bumping process.
Dried blood spots as a source of anti-malarial antibodies for epidemiological studies (2008)

This study has demonstrated the suitability of filter paper blood spots paper for collection of serum antibodies, and provided clear guidelines for the treatment and storage of filter papers which emphasize the importance of desiccation and minimisation of time spent at ambient temperatures. A recommended protocol for collecting, storing and assaying blood spots is provided.
Role of the 2-Amino Group of Purines during dNTP Polymerization by Human DNA Polymerase α (2008)

We used a series of dNTP analogues in conjunction with templates containing modified bases to elucidate the role that N(2) of a purine plays during dNTP polymerization by human DNA polymerase alpha. Removing N(2) from dGTP had small effects during correct incorporation opposite C but specifically increased misincorporation opposite A. Adding N(2) to dATP and related analogues had small and variable effects on the efficiency of polymerization opposite T. However, the presence of N(2) greatly enhanced polymerization of these dATP analogues opposite a template C. The ability of N(2) to enhance polymerization opposite C likely results from formation of a hydrogen bond between the purine N(2) and pyrimidine O(2). Even in those cases where formation of a wobble base pair, tautomerization, and/or protonation of the base pair between the incoming dNTP and template base cannot occur (e.g., 2-pyridone.purine (or purine analogue) base pairs), N(2) enhanced formation of the base pair. Importantly, N(2) had similar effects on dNTP polymerization both when added to the incoming purine dNTP and when added to the template base being replicated. The mechanistic implications of these results regarding how pol alpha discriminates between right and wrong dNTPs are discussed.