gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variation in False-Negative Rate of Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction–Based SARS-CoV-2 Tests by Time Since Exposure (2020)

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins Health System, and U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Weighting Factor Design in Model Predictive Control of Power Electronic Converters: An Artificial Neural Network Approach (2018)

This paper proposes the use of an artificial neural network (ANN) for solving one of the ongoing research challenges in finite set-model predictive control (FSMPC) of power electronics converters, i.e., the automated selection of weighting factors in cost function. The first step in this approach is to simulate a detailed converter circuit model or run experiments numerous times using different weighting factor combinations. The key performance metrics [e.g., average switching frequency (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sw</sub> ) of the converter, total harmonic distortion, etc.] are extracted from each simulation. This data is then used to train the ANN, which serves as a surrogate model of the converter that can provide fast and accurate estimates of the performance metrics for any weighting factor combination. Consequently, any arbitrary user-defined fitness function that combines the output metrics can be defined and the weighting factor combinations that optimize the given function can be explicitly found. The proposed methodology was verified on a practical weighting factor design problem in FS-MPC regulated voltage source converter for uninterruptible power supply system. Designed weighting factors for two exemplary fitness functions turned out to be robust to load variations and to yield close to expected performance when applied both to detailed simulation model (less than 3% error) and to experimental test bed (less than 10% error).
Tracking a MIMO Channel Singular Value Decomposition via Projection Approximation (2006)

A bidirectional multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) time varying channel is considered. The projection approximation subspace tracking (PAST) algorithm is used on both terminals in order to track the singular value decomposition of the channel matrix. Simulations using an autoregressive channel model and also a sampled MIMO indoor channel are performed, and the expected capacity degradation due to the estimation error is evaluated.
The level of mannan-binding protein regulates the binding of complement-derived opsonins to mannan and zymosan at low serum concentrations (1990)

When sera diluted to 5% in a buffer containing calcium and magnesium were incubated with mannan-coated ELISA plates, C4 fragments, properdin and factor B were bound to the plates as well as the expected opsonic C3 fragments, C3b and C3bi. The calcium-dependent lectin mannan-binding protein, which is structurally similar to C1q, was also shown to bind in this assay and analysis of sera from 179 healthy blood donors revealed that the binding levels of all these proteins were highly significantly correlated. Results obtained with a previously described C3b opsonic assay using zymosan also correlated with the mannan-binding levels. When the sera were diluted to 5% in the presence of Mg-EGTA there was no detectable binding of complement proteins to the mannan surface, confirming that no alternative pathway activation occurred at this serum concentration. When sera were diluted to 5% in a buffer containing EDTA in order to study immunoglobulin binding in the absence of complement activation, the levels of bound IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgA and IgM antibodies were found to be completely unrelated to the C3bi binding levels previously observed. The results suggest that in this experimental system using low concentrations of serum, mannan-binding protein initiates an antibody-independent mechanism of cleavage of the classical pathway component C4, which subsequently regulates the degree of cleavage of C3 and recruitment of alternative pathway proteins.
The glycocalyx and its significance in human medicine (2016)

Cells are covered by a surface layer of glycans that is referred to as the 'glycocalyx'. In this review, we focus on the role of the glycocalyx in vascular diseases (atherosclerosis, stroke, hypertension, kidney disease and sepsis) and cancer. The glycocalyx and its principal glycosaminoglycans [heparan sulphate (HS) and hyaluronic acid (HA)] and core proteins (syndecans and glypicans) are degraded in vascular diseases, leading to a breakdown of the vascular permeability barrier, enhanced access of leucocytes to the arterial intima that propagate inflammation and alteration of endothelial mechanotransduction mechanisms that protect against disease. By contrast, the glycocalyx on cancer cells is generally robust, promoting integrin clustering and growth factor signalling, and mechanotransduction of interstitial flow shear stress that is elevated in tumours to upregulate matrix metalloproteinase release which enhances cell motility and metastasis. HS and HA are consistently elevated on cancer cells and are associated with tumour growth and metastasis. Later, we will review the agents that might be used to enhance or protect the glycocalyx to combat vascular disease, as well as a different set of compounds that can degrade the cancer cell glycocalyx to suppress cell growth and metastasis. It is clear that what is beneficial for either vascular disease or cancer will not be so for the other. The overarching conclusions are that (i) the importance of the glycocalyx in human medicine is only beginning to be recognized, and (ii) more detailed studies of glycocalyx involvement in vascular diseases and cancer will lead to novel treatment modalities.
Astemizole and an analogue promote fungicidal activity of fluconazole against<i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>var.<i>grubii</i>and<i>Cryptococcus gattii</i> (2010)

Cryptococcus neoformans is the leading cause of fungal meningitis, a life-threatening infection that occurs predominately in immuocompromised patients. Current drug therapies are limited to amphotericin B, flucytosine and the azoles since the echinocandins have no demonstrated activity against yeast like pathogens. Fluconazole, a drug belonging to the azole class and often the only available antifungal in the developing world, is fungistatic and therefore not effective in clearing cryptococcal infections in immunosuppressed individuals. Here we report that astemizole and a closely related analog (A2) promoted in vitro fungicidal activity of fluconazole against Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii and Cryptococcus gattii. Astemizole, a second-generation antihistamine drug used as an H1 antagonist, has also been found to have antimalarial activity. Disk diffusion assays and MIC and MFC analysis confirmed that the inhibitory concentrations of these drug combinations were fungicidal. When tested in vivo, astemizole or A2 in combination with fluconazole significantly improved the survival of Galleria mellonella (wax moth caterpillar) that had been previously challenged with C. neoformans but not when caterpillars were challenged with a fluconazole-resistant strain. The findings reported here suggest that fungicidal combinations between azoles and other existing drugs may represent an alternative strategy for improving treatments for fungal infections.
Arsenic in Ground Water of the United States: Occurrence and Geochemistry (2000)

Abstract Concentrations of naturally occurring arsenic in ground water vary regionally due to a combination of climate and geology. Although slightly less than half of 30,000 arsenic analyses of ground water in the United States were 1 μg/L, about 10% exceeded 10 μg/L. At a broad regional scale, arsenic concentrations exceeding 10 μg/L appear to be more frequently observed in the western United States than in the eastern half. Arsenic concentrations in ground water of the Appalachian Highlands and the Atlantic Plain generally are very low ( 1 μg/L). Concentrations are somewhat greater in the Interior Plains and the Rocky Mountain System. Investigations of ground water in New England, Michigan, Minnesota, South Dakota, Oklahoma, and Wisconsin within the last decade suggest that arsenic concentrations exceeding 10 μg/L are more widespread and common than previously recognized. Arsenic release from iron oxide appears to be the most common cause of widespread arsenic concentrations exceeding 10 μg/L in ground water. This can occur in response to different geochemical conditions, including release of arsenic to ground water through reaction of iron oxide with either natural or anthropogenic (i.e., petroleum products) organic carbon. Iron oxide also can release arsenic to alkaline ground water, such as that found in some felsic volcanic rocks and alkaline aquifers of the western United States. Sulfide minerals are both a source and sink for arsenic. Geothermal water and high evaporation rates also are associated with arsenic concentrations 10g/L in ground and surface water, particularly in the west.
Deadline-guaranteed scheduling algorithm with improved resource utilization for cloud computing (2015)

Cloud computing is computing in which large groups of remote servers are networked to allow centralized data storage and on-line access to computer services. Cloud computing providers install and operate application software in the cloud through Software as a Service (SaaS) model. Cloud users access the software and utilizes the services by cloning tasks onto multiple virtual machines (VMs). In recent years, offering high-performance computing capacity reminds cloud providers to utilize resources fully due to limitation of resource. Enhancing resource utilization is also essential for achieving cost effectiveness. In addition, SaaS applications support various services such as email, FTP, and multimedia services with different delay requirement. Among these application multimedia service has relatively low delay requirements. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a scheduling algorithm to enhance both deadline guarantee and resource utilization. We modified the conservative backfilling algorithm by utilizing the earliest deadline first (EDF) algorithm and the largest weight first (LWF) algorithm. The proposed algorithm first score all the jobs arrived at the data center(DC) and sort the jobs in ascending order to serve high priority job first. The proposed algorithm then select the largest possible backfill job as guaranteeing deadline. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm significantly improve the performance in terms of resource utilization and deadline guarantee.
A segment of the MHC class II β chain plays a critical role in targeting class II molecules to the endocytic pathway (1994)

The ability of MHC class II molecules to sort into the endocytic pathway has generally been attributed to the invariant chain glycoprotein. In this paper, we present evidence suggesting that lumenal sequences in the MHC class II molecule itself control the post-Golgi entry of class II into endosomes. Single amino acid changes have been introduced into a highly conserved region of the class II beta chain (amino acids 80-83). Mutant class II beta chain genes and wild-type alpha chain genes have been transfected into cells that lack both class II and invariant chain expression. Immunofluorescent staining of transfected cells indicates that single amino acid changes in this region of beta can positively or negatively modulate expression of class II in endocytic vesicles independently of invariant chain. Mutation at residue 80 leads to prominent localization in vesicular structures typical of late endocytic compartments, while a change at position 82 leads to arrest in the Golgi. These data argue in favor of the possibility that MHC class II molecules bear a sorting signal that allows access to MHC class II molecules into the endocytic pathway of antigen presenting cells.
La motivación y el inconsciente (2007)

Embryogenesis of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is a complex process involving the formation and regression of several anastomoses, thus, various anomalies may occur. We report a case of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) accompanied by a double inferior vena cava (DIVC). A 76-year-old-man was admitted because of right leg edema and pain. Venography revealed two IVC and massive venous thrombus. To avoid massive pulmonary embolism (PE), it was necessary to block both the right and the left IVC. However, the right IVC was too small to implant the filter, so we placed a temporary IVC filter (Antheor filter) in the suprarenal portion of the IVC, after the confluence of the two IVC, and started thrombolytic and anticoagulant therapy. Venography, performed 6 days after filter implantation, showed a considerable amount of remaining thrombus. We replaced the Antheor filter with a Gunther retrievable filter because the former has a catheter and is not suited for long-term use, whereas the latter can be used permanently. Two weeks after filter exchange, thrombus had decreased but remained. We therefore did not remove the Gunther filter. The patient's symptoms gradually improved in response to anticoagulant therapy, and he was discharged with no complications. The present case illustrates the importance of a correct understanding of anatomy and demonstrates the effectiveness of using a suprarenal IVC filter in DVT.
The Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment (JADE) on the Juno Mission to Jupiter (2013)

The Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment (JADE) on Juno provides the critical in situ measurements of electrons and ions needed to understand the plasma energy particles and processes that fill the Jovian magnetosphere and ultimately produce its strong aurora. JADE is an instrument suite that includes three essentially identical electron sensors (JADE-Es), a single ion sensor (JADE-I), and a highly capable Electronics Box (EBox) that resides in the Juno Radiation Vault and provides all necessary control, low and high voltages, and computing support for the four sensors. The three JADE-Es are arrayed 120 apart around the Juno spacecraft to measure complete electron distributions from 0.1 to 100 keV and provide detailed electron pitch-angle distributions at a 1 s cadence, independent of spacecraft spin phase.
Gold nanorods as multifunctional probes in a liquid crystalline DNA matrix (2013)

We show how a single gold nanorod can serve as a multifunctional probe in an organized DNA matrix. Polarization analysis of two-photon luminescence excited with a femtosecond laser enables imaging of the orientation of a single nanorod, which reports the orientation of DNA strands. Carefully controlled photoinduced heating by the same laser is able to degrade the DNA matrix in a highly localized volume.
The “Map of Metlatoyuca” – A Mexican Manuscript in the Collection of the British Museum (1996)

This study investigates the Map of Metlatoyuca, a Mexican pictorial manuscript of early Colonial time, in the collection of the British Museum. The map, which is painted on cloth, demonstrates a road and river system, place signs and genealogical records. The historical and geographical content is studied and compared with available iconographic and written historical sources. Using these ancient sources and analysing the pictograms of the place signs, the region represented on the map is identified as being located in the far northern part of the state of Puebla adjacent to Vera Cruz and Hidalgo. This assessment is confirmed by redrawing the ancient map utilising modern standards of cartography.
WE-E-330D-01: The Production of Ultrafast Bright K-Alpha X-Rays From Laser Produced Plasmas for Medical Imaging (2006)

Purpose: To show the potential of improving image quality with a cleaner, brighter, quasi-monochromatic X-ray micro-source via laser produced plasmas (LPP). Method and Materials: First generation targets consisting of ten micron thick gold formed into free-standing pyramids have been built. PIC (Particle-In-Cell) simulations have been performed in order to validate this target geometry. Preliminary experiments with a Ti-Sapphire CPA laser have been achieved with these targets. Second generation parabolic cone targets with an optimal angle for electron transport have also been built. This new nano-fabricated target could optimize X-ray source characteristics. Results: PIC (Particle-In-Cell) simulations show that conical targets optically guide laser light resulting in a higher density of hot electrons at the apex These simulations show a possible ten times augmentation in hot electron density and a three times increase in electron temperature with a conical verses flat target. This increase in collimated suprathermal electrons boosts total photon yield as well as possibly enhancing line emission verses the bremsstrahlung continuum. Preliminary experiments demonstrate a three-fold higher X-ray yield and a two-fold reduction in focal spot with the pyramidal verses the flat target. Furthermore, the geometry of the conical targets not only reduces focal spot size to a few microns and pulse duration to a couple picoseconds, but allows the particles to escape the target perpendicular to the surface resulting in a particle-free, ultra-short X-ray micro-beam. Conclusion: Comparing LPP X-ray source parameters to that of a standard X-ray tube shows substantial improvements in focal spot size, photon flux, spectral range and emission duration. Focusing on target design can provide a cleaner, brighter, quasi-monochromatic X-ray source that could improve image quality in any medical diagnostic regime. Such advancements show promising applications in mammography and angiography. Conflict of Interest: Research sponsored by DOE/NNSA under University of Nevada Reno grant #DE-FC52-01NV14050.
All-fiber dispersive transmission filters based on fiber grating reflectors (1995)

A novel, low-insertion-loss transmission f ilter with the implementation of linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating reflectors and polarization-splitting fiber fusion couplers is reported. Pulse chirping, chromatic dispersion compensation, and pulse compression are demonstrated. Cascading of dispersive filters, including application to a low-loss pulse stretchery/recompressor of femtosecond pulses, is also demonstrated.
DeepTriage (2020)

As cloud services are growing and generating high revenues, the cost of downtime in these services is becoming significantly expensive. To reduce loss and service downtime, a critical primary step is to execute incident triage, the process of assigning a service incident to the correct responsible team, in a timely manner. An incorrect assignment risks additional incident reroutings and increases its time to mitigate by 10x. However, automated incident triage in large cloud services faces many challenges: (1) a highly imbalanced incident distribution from a large number of teams, (2) wide variety in formats of input data or data sources, (3) scaling to meet production-grade requirements, and (4) gaining engineers' trust in using machine learning recommendations. To address these challenges, we introduce DeepTriage, an intelligent incident transfer service combining multiple machine learning techniques - gradient boosted classifiers, clustering methods, and deep neural networks - in an ensemble to recommend the responsible team to triage an incident. Experimental results on real incidents in Microsoft Azure show that our service achieves 82.9% F1 score. For highly impacted incidents, DeepTriage achieves F1 score from 76.3% -- 91.3%. We have applied best practices and state-of-the-art frameworks to scale DeepTriage to handle incident routing for all cloud services. DeepTriage has been deployed in Azure since October 2017 and is used by thousands of teams daily.
On geo-social network services (2009)

A social network service focuses on building and maintaining of social networks for communities. Although geographic information plays an important role in daily life, it is not widely used in current social network services. Some geographic information websites ignore the social network building mechanism, while some social network sites with geographic features make little use of geographic information except for display. As a result, we propose a geo-social network service for individuals building and managing social network online. Users can define geographic information, such as location, with a place name and a corresponding coordinate-based object, which can be called a geo-Tag. The system can help users find appropriate persons to make friends with, according to the similarity among geo-Tags from different users. Furthermore, information from World Wide Web related to a geo-Tag can be provided to each user with the help of geographic information retrieval techniques.
Synthesis of cationic polysaccharide derivatives and their hypocholesterolaemic capacity (2002)

High-capacity bile acid-sequestering biopolymers with cationic polysaccharide derivatives have been developed. Cholestyramine, the bile acid sequestrant most widely used for treating hypercholesterolaemia, has unpleasant side effects because of the hydrophobic nature of its backbone. Methylan, a high-viscosity polysaccharide produced by Methylobacterium organophilum, was selected as a model polysaccharide for derivatization. Methylan was aminated to add dialkylaminoalkyl and free amino groups at hydroxyl sites in the methylan backbone, and these derivatives were quaternized to produce pH-independent cationic polyelectrolytes. The in vitro bile acid-binding capacity of quaternized DEAE-methylan was approximately 50% higher than that of cholestyramine. The bile acid-binding capacity of methylan derivatives increased with the number of carbons in the alkyl groups, indicating that hydrophobic interaction is a secondary factor for the sequestration of bile acids.
A Low Phase Noise Microwave Sapphire Loop Oscillator (2006)

A tuneable 10.24 GHz microwave oscillator based on a sapphire-loaded cavity (SLQ resonator operating in a "whispering gallery"-mode has been built. Extremely low phase noise of -130 dBc/Hz @ 1 kHz and -179 dBc/Hz floor has been measured, without the need for any form of noise reduction. This level of performance is made possible by the high Q factor of the SLC resonator, together with the low phase noise of a commercially-available sustaining amplifier based on a parallel combination of heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs). This paper presents the results for the performance of this low phase noise, sapphire resonator based loop (SLOOP) oscillator. The SLOOP has an SLC resonator with a significantly improved start-up time over previous sapphire-based resonators, coming to temperature lock within 2 minutes over the operating temperature range 0 to +55degC
Cultural formations in text-based virtual realities (1994)

Beginning with an understanding of virtual reality as an imaginative experience and thus a cultural construct rather than a technical construction, this thesis discusses cultural and social issues raised by interaction on'MUDs', which are text-based virtual reality systems run on the international computer network known as the Internet. MUD usage forces users to deconstruct many of the cultural tools and understandings that form the basis of more conventional systems of interaction. Unable to rely on physical cues as a channel of meaning, users of MUDs have developed ways of substituting for or by-passing them, resulting in novel methods of textualising the non- verbal. The nature of the body and sexuality are problematised in these virtual environments, since the physical is never fixed and gender is a self-selected attribute. In coming to terms with these aspects of virtual interaction, new systems of significance have been developed by users, along with methods of enforcing that cultural hegemony through power structures dependent upon manipulation of the virtual environment. These new systems of meaning and social control define those who use MUDs as constituting a distinct cultural group.