gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of bladder tumor-derived hyaluronidase: its similarity to HYAL1. (1999)

The glycosaminoglycan hyaluronic acid (HA) and its degrading enzyme, hyaluronidase, are intricately associated with tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. HA promotes tumor cell adhesion and migration, whereas its small fragments stimulate angiogenesis. Such small HA fragments are generated from the degradation of HA by hyaluronidase. We have previously shown (V. B. Lokeshwar et al., Cancer Res., 57: 773-777, 1997) that the HA levels are elevated in the urine and tumor tissues of bladder cancer patients regardless of the tumor grade (G). The hyaluronidase levels were found to be elevated in the urine and tumor tissues of G2 and G3 bladder cancer patients. Furthermore, angiogenic HA fragments were isolated from the urine of G2/G3 bladder cancer patients, which stimulated endothelial cell proliferation, a key event in angiogenesis. In this study, we characterized the bladder tumor-derived hyaluronidase. Analysis of hyaluronidase activity in the culture-conditioned media (CM) of 11 bladder cancer cell lines, using an ELISA-like assay and a substrate (HA)-gel technique, showed that the invasive bladder cancer cell lines secrete elevated levels of a Mr approximately 60,000 hyaluronidase. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, cloning, and sequence analyses revealed the expression of an HYAL1 transcript in bladder cancer lines. HYAL1 encodes for a hyaluronidase that is present in serum. Immunoblot analysis using an anti-HYAL1 peptide IgG confirmed the presence of a Mr approximately 60,000 HYAL1-related protein in the CM of bladder cancer cell lines, in the urine specimens from G2 and G3 bladder cancer patients, and in the partially purified preparations of bladder tumor-derived hyaluronidase. No HYAL1-related protein was detected in urine specimens from normal individuals, G1 bladder cancer patients, and patients with a history of bladder cancer but no disease at the time of testing. The bladder tumor-derived hyaluronidase present in CM and partially purified preparations was found to have maximum activity at a pH range of 4.1-4.3. The identification of bladder tumor-derived hyaluronidase should help in elucidating its role in bladder tumor progression.
Microsatellite instability (1999)

Genetic perturbation has been implicated in the development of tumours since the turn of the century. Indeed, genetic instability of one sort or another may be considered to be a hallmark of cancer itself, and the discovery of microsatellite instability (MSI) made it evident that there was more than one mechanism underlying this process. 1 2 As with most new discoveries, there was an initial flurry of excitement with raised hopes and exaggerated claims, followed by the realisation that MSI was not as simple, easy, or likely to give results as had first been thought. The understanding of MSI and its potential clinical utility has continued to develop, but it is only now that its real usefulness is becoming apparent.
Fabrication of organic light emitting display using inkjet printing technology (2009)

In this paper, we have investigated the characteristics of polymer inkjet printing and fabricated OLED (organic light emitting diode) display using inkjet printing technology. To control the wetting condition of the droplet to the substrate, UV/ozone treatment technique is used. To make the repeated pixels on a substrate, precise vision alignment and multi-layer printing is used. With the successive printing of PEDOT/PSS as a hole injection layer and MEH-PPV as a light emitting layer, we have successfully fabricated an OLED and demonstrated basic working of OLED.
Retrograde Jugular Catheter: Monitoring SjO2 (1994)

The use of the retrograde catheter in daily practice is still under investigation. Most promising is the use of continuous SjO2 monitoring. This catheter may help direct the treatment provided to patients, allowing individual needs to be met by matching perfusion to metabolism.
In vivo models of primary brain tumors: pitfalls and perspectives (2012)

Animal modeling for primary brain tumors has undergone constant development over the last 60 years, and significant improvements have been made recently with the establishment of highly invasive glioblastoma models. In this review we discuss the advantages and pitfalls of model development, focusing on chemically induced models, various xenogeneic grafts of human cell lines, including stem cell-like cell lines and biopsy spheroids. We then discuss the development of numerous genetically engineered models available to study mechanisms of tumor initiation and progression. At present it is clear that none of the current animal models fully reflects human gliomas. Yet, the various model systems have provided important insight into specific mechanisms of tumor development. In particular, it is anticipated that a combined comprehensive knowledge of the various models currently available will provide important new knowledge on target identification and the validation and development of new therapeutic strategies.
An ATM switch implementation - technique and technology (2005)

The future Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network, B-ISDX, will have to support a very wide variety of different services with very diverse characteristics. It is generally agreed, that the new Asynchronous Transfer Mode,ATM, currently under standardization in CCITT and other organizations, has the potential to become a widely used general transport mechanism supporting many of these services. Thus, ATM switches will be important network components in the B-ISDN. This paper describes the implementation of such a switch. First the requirements that can be put on a general B-ISDN ATM switch are discussed. Then some different switch topologies together with their overall characteristics are briefly treated. Finally, the implementation of a prototype switch with an architecture chosen to meet the requirements is described. The implementation of the prototype is currently taking place at Ellemtel Telecommunications system Laboratories. Part of this work is carried out within the RACE project ATMOSPHERIC.
Synthesis of tsetse fly attractants from a cashew nut shell extract by isomerising metathesis (2014)

Starting from a cashew nut shell extract, the tsetse fly attractants 3-ethyl- and 3-propylphenol were selectively synthesised <italic>via</italic> (isomerising) olefin cross-metathesis and hydrogenation steps.
C-Terminal Residue Optimization and Fragment Merging: Discovery of a Potent Peptide-Hybrid Inhibitor of Dengue Protease (2014)

Dengue virus protease is a promising target for the development of antiviral drugs. We describe here a two-step rational optimization that led to the discovery of the potent inhibitor 35 with nanomolar binding affinity at dengue protease serotype 2 (IC50 = 0.6 μM, K i = 0.4 μM). First, a large number of natural and non-natural amino acids were screened at the C-terminal position of the previously reported, canonical peptide sequence (Cap-Arg-Lys-Nle-NH2). Compared to the reference compound 1 (Bz-Arg-Lys-Nle-NH2, IC50 = 13.3 μM), a 4-fold higher inhibitory potential was observed with the incorporation of a C-terminal phenylglycine (compound 9, IC50 = 3.3 μM). Second, we applied fragment merging of 9 with the previously reported thiazolidinedione peptide hybrid 33 (IC50 = 2.5 μM). This approach led to the fusion of two inhibitor-fragments with micromolar affinity into a 20-fold more potent, competitive inhibitor of dengue protease.
Electroceutical Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms (2019)

Electroceutical wound dressings, especially those involving current flow with silver based electrodes, show promise for treating biofilm infections. However, their mechanism of action is poorly understood. We have developed an in vitro agar based model using a bioluminescent strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to measure loss of activity and killing when direct current was applied. Silver electrodes were overlaid with agar and lawn biofilms grown for 24 h. A 6 V battery with 1 kΩ ballast resistor was used to treat the biofilms for 1 h or 24 h. Loss of bioluminescence and a 4-log reduction in viable cells was achieved over the anode. Scanning electron microscopy showed damaged cells and disrupted biofilm architecture. The antimicrobial activity continued to spread from the anode for at least 2 days, even after turning off the current. Based on possible electrochemical ractions of silver electrodes in chlorine containing medium; pH measurements of the medium post treatment; the time delay between initiation of treatment and observed bactericidal effects; and the presence of chlorotyrosine in the cell lysates, hypochlorous acid is hypothesized to be the chemical agent responsible for the observed (destruction/killing/eradication) of these biofilm forming bacteria. Similar killing was obtained with gels containing only bovine synovial fluid or human serum. These results suggest that our in vitro model could serve as a platform for fundamental studies to explore the effects of electrochemical treatment on biofilms, complementing clinical studies with electroceutical dressings.
THE SYNTHESIS OF ι-NITROSTYRENES<sup>1</sup> (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE SYNTHESIS OF ι-NITROSTYRENES1CATHERINE B. GAIRAUD and GERALD R. LAPPINCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1953, 18, 1, 1–3Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1953https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01129a001Request reuse permissionsArticle Views1477Altmetric-Citations123LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (218 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A variant of the anti‐Purkinje cell antibody in a patient with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (1988)

An anti-Purkinje cell antibody was found in the serum and CSF of a man with adenocarcinoma of the lung and paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD). This antibody differed from the autoantibodies found in patients with gynecologic cancer and PCD in that it produced a different pattern of Purkinje cell cytoplasmic staining, did not react with PCD antigens in Purkinje cell Western blots, and the antigen had a different species distribution. Unlike the antinuclear antibody found in patients with PCD and small-cell lung carcinoma, the antigen was restricted to the cytoplasm of Purkinje cells. If autoantibodies are important in the pathogenesis of PCD, this case illustrates that they can recognize different antigenic epitopes in the nervous system, but cause similar clinicopathologic syndromes.
Protein stability induced by ligand binding correlates with changes in protein flexibility (2003)

The interaction between ligands and proteins usually induces changes in protein thermal stability with modifications in the midpoint denaturation temperature, enthalpy of unfolding, and heat capacity. These modifications are due to the coupling of unfolding with binding equilibrium. Furthermore, they can be attained by changes in protein structure and conformational flexibility induced by ligand interaction. To study these effects we have used bovine serum albumin (BSA) interacting with three different anilinonaphthalene sulfonate derivatives (ANS). These ligands have different effects on protein stability, conformation, and dynamics. Protein stability was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and fluorescence spectroscopy, whereas conformational changes were detected by circular dichroism and infrared spectroscopy including kinetics of hydrogen/deuterium exchange. The order of calorimetric midpoint of denaturation was: 1,8-ANS-BSA > 2,6-ANS-BSA > free BSA >> (nondetected) bis-ANS-BSA. Both 1,8-ANS and 2,6-ANS did not substantially modify the secondary structure of BSA, whereas bis-ANS induced a distorted alpha-helix conformation with an increase of disordered structure. Protein flexibility followed the order: 1,8-ANS-BSA < 2,6-ANS-BSA < free BSA << bis-ANS-BSA, indicating a clear correlation between stability and conformational flexibility. The structure induced by an excess of bis-ANS to BSA is compatible with a molten globule-like state. Within the context of the binding landscape model, we have distinguished five conformers (identified by subscript): BSA(1,8-ANS), BSA(2,6-ANS), BSA(free), BSA(bis-ANS), and BSA(unfolded) among the large number of possible states of the conformational dynamic ensemble. The relative population of each distinguishable conformer depends on the type and concentration of ligand and the temperature of the system.
Surface-controlled growth of magnesium oxide thin films by atomic layer epitaxy (1999)

Magnesium oxide thin films were deposited on soda lime and Si(100) substrates by atomic layer epitaxy from Mg(thd) 2 and ozone. The depositions were carried out at 180–450 °C, where the growth parameters were studied in detail. A narrow temperature range of 225–250 °C was found where the growth was surface- controlled with growth rates of 0.27 and 0.22 Å cycle –1 on glass and silicon, respectively. MgO films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rutherford backscattering (RBS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM).
The change in the electronic character upon cisplatin binding to guanine nucleotide is transmitted to drive the conformation of the local sugar-phosphate backbone—a quantitative study (1999)

The microstructure alteration as a result of cisplatin binding to N7 of guanines in DNA has been herein assessed through the multinuclear temperature-, pH*- and concentration-dependent NMR study of the effect of Pt2+ complexation to 2′-deoxyguanosine 3′,5′-bis(ethyl hydrogen phosphate) 1 and its ribo analogue 3 which mimic the central nucleotide moiety in a trinucleoside diphosphate in the complete absence of intramolecular base–base stacking interactions. The N S pseudorotational equilibrium shifts towards N-type conformers by 17 and 21 percentage points at 298 K, respectively, thereby showing that free energy of platination is transmitted to drive the sugar conformation. The increase in the population of N-type conformers was rationalized with the strengthening of the anomeric effect in both 2′-deoxy and ribo nucleotides upon the formation of the Pt–N7 bond which promotes nO4′ → σ*C1′-N9 orbital interactions due to the reduction of π-electron density in the imidazole part of guanine. The additional stabilization of N-type conformers in Pt2+ complexes of ribonucleotides is due to the tuning of the gauche effect of the [N9–C1′–C2′–O2′] fragment, which is absent in 2′–deoxy-ribo counterparts. The platination of N7 favours N1 deprotonation in 2 and 4 by ΔpKa of 0.7 and 0.9 units in comparison with parent nucleotides 1 and 3, respectively. The N S pseudorotational equilibrium in 1–4 showed classical sigmoidal dependence as a function of pH with pKa-values at the inflection points. The population of S-type conformers has increased upon N1 deprotonation in 1–4 because the anomeric effect weakened due to the increased π-electron density in the imidazole part of the guanine moiety. The formation of the Pt–N7 bond in bifunctional complexes 2 and 4 simultaneously causes a shift of the syn anti equilibrium towards anti by 43 and 63 percentage points, and the increase in the population of εt,N conformers by 20 and 32 percentage points at 278 K, respectively. Only a minor conformational redistribution along β, γ, β+1 and ε–1 torsion angles has been observed, which suggests their weak conformational cooperativity with the N S pseudorotational equilibrium as a result of platination to guanine. In comparison with nucleotide phosphodiesters, apurinic 3′,5′-bis(ethyl hydrogen phosphate) sugars 5 and 6 showed no interaction with Pt2+ and therefore no conformational changes.
A neuromuscular-like model for robotic compliance control (2002)

The muscle-reflex mechanisms of private limbs are studied and modeled so that robotic controls may benefit from the findings. An extensive body of experimental evidence indictates that velocity-dependent force responses of the neuromuscular system have a nonlinear damping effect proportional to a fractional power of velocity. This highly nonlinear viscosity may help limbs adapt to different loads and bring movements to graceful terminations. To explore the characteristics of this nonlinear damping property, a theoretical study using the phase-plane approach is presented. The effects of different loads, damping constants, and stiffnesses are analyzed and simulated. From the results of this phase-plane analysis, a muscle-reflex model is developed and proposed for robotic compliance control.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Regulation of metallothionein gene expression. (1990)

The metallothioneins are small, cysteine-rich proteins that have the capacity for high affinity binding of heavy metal ions, and whose synthesis is regulated by metal ion concentrations. These properties suggest that they play pivotal roles in the metabolism of the relatively nontoxic essential metals (zinc and copper), as well as toxic heavy metals (cadmium), a concept supported by a variety of studies of cells in culture, as well as in intact animals. Expression of the metallothionein genes may have important implications in the nutritional status of the animal, in its response to stresses (inflammation, heavy metal toxicity), and in embryonic, fetal and neonatal development. The complementary DNAs and genes that encode the metallothioneins have been cloned and analyzed from a wide variety of eukaryotes. Striking features of the metallothioneins include: their high degree of amino acid sequence similarity (including conservation in the placement of cysteine residues in the molecule reflecting their function in metal binding); a conserved tripartite gene structure; and their transcriptional induction by metal ions, as well as other hormonal and environmental stimuli. The precise mechanisms and biochemical pathways by which cells transduce environmental signals into transcriptional induction of the metallothionein genes are beginning to be defined. Recent studies indicate that metal effects are exerted via positive trans-acting factors induced to interact with cis-acting DNA sequences in the promoter, in turn leading to transcriptional induction. However, the metallothionein gene promoter is structurally complex, and contains binding sites for a variety of nuclear proteins that likely regulate basal as well as induced levels of expression of these genes. Recent studies also suggest the possible involvement of post-transcriptional processes in the regulation of metallothionein levels in the cell. Furthermore, evidence of striking differences in the levels of metallothionein gene expression among various cell types in vivo have recently been documented. Although several detailed reviews of the metallothioneins have been published recently, this review will focus, in large part, on the molecular biology of the metallothioneins, with particular emphasis on recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms regulating expression of these interesting and important genes. Given the large volume of literature on the metallothioneins and the space limitations of this review, it is impossible to comprehensively cite the studies of each of my colleagues who have contributed so much to this field. Instead the reader is often directed to reviews of this subject for much of the earlier literature, and emphasis is placed on more current publications in this field.
Tolerance: Of mice and men (2003)

Little is known about the effect of an individual's immune history on his or her response to an allogeneic tissue transplant. An important study now reveals that individuals harboring virally-induced memory T cells that are cross reactive with donor alloantigen are resistant to conventional strategies designed to induce transplant tolerance.
Features of Cortically Evoked Swallowing in the Awake Primate (<i>Macaca fascicularis</i>) (1999)

Although the cerebral cortex has been implicated in the control of swallowing, the output organization of the cortical swallowing representation, and features of cortically evoked swallowing, remain unclear. The present study defined the output features of the primate "cortical swallowing representation" with intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) applied within the lateral sensorimotor cortex. In four hemispheres of two awake monkeys, microelectrode penetrations were made at </=1-mm intervals, initially within the face primary motor cortex (face-MI), and subsequently within the cortical regions immediately rostral, lateral, and caudal to MI. Two ICMS pulse trains [35-ms train, 0.2-ms pulses at 333 Hz, </=30 microA (short train stimulus, T/S); 3- to 4-s train, 0.2-ms pulses at 50 Hz, </=60 microA (continuous stimulus, C/S)] were applied at </=500-micron intervals along each microelectrode penetration to a depth of 8-10 mm, and electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded simultaneously from various orofacial and laryngeal muscles. Evoked orofacial movements, including swallowing, were verified by EMG analysis, and T/S and C/S movement thresholds were determined. Effects of varying ICMS intensity on swallow-related EMG properties were examined by applying suprathreshold C/S at selected intracortical sites. EMG patterns of swallows evoked from various cortical regions were compared with those of natural swallows recorded as the monkeys swallowed liquid and solid material. Results indicated that swallowing was evoked by C/S at approximately 20% of 1,569 intracortical sites where ICMS elicited an orofacial motor response in both hemispheres of the two monkeys, typically at C/S intensities </=30 microA. In contrast, swallowing was not evoked by T/S in either monkey. Swallowing was evoked from four cortical regions: the ICMS-defined face-MI, the face primary somatosensory cortex (face-SI), the region lateral and anterior to face-MI corresponding to the cortical masticatory area (CMA), and an area >5 mm deep to the cortical surface corresponding to both the white matter underlying the CMA and the frontal operculum; EMG patterns of swallows elicited from these four cortical regions showed some statistically significant differences. Whereas swallowing ONLY was evoked at some sites, particularly within the deep cortical area, swallowing was more frequently evoked together with other orofacial responses including rhythmic jaw movements. Increasing ICMS intensity increased the magnitude, and decreased the latency, of the swallow-related EMG burst in the genioglossus muscle at some sites. These findings suggest that a number of distinct cortical foci may participate in the initiation and modulation of the swallowing synergy as well as in integrating the swallow within the masticatory sequence.