gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pathogenic Events during Haemophilus influenzae Type b Infection of Human Nasopharyngeal Mucos (1992)

Journal Article Pathogenic Events during Haemophilus influenzae Type b Infection of Human Nasopharyngeal Mucos Get access M. M. Farley, M. M. Farley Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, and VA Medical Center,, Atlanta, Georgia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. S. Stephens D. S. Stephens Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, and VA Medical Center,, Atlanta, Georgia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 165, Issue Supplement_1, June 1992, Pages S109–S110, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/165-Supplement_1-S109 Published: 01 June 1992
Ultrashort Echo Time for Improved Positive-Contrast Manganese-Enhanced MRI of Cancer (2013)

UTE and SubUTE allow more sensitive and specific positive-contrast detection of Mn enhancement. This imaging capability can potentially open many new doors for Mn-enhanced MRI in vascular, cellular, and molecular imaging.
Soluble NKG2D ligands: prevalence, release, and functional impact (2008)

Natural Killer (NK) cells are capable to recognize and eliminate malignant cells. Anti-tumor responses of NK cells are promoted by the tumor-associated expression of cell stress-inducible ligands of the activating NK receptor NKG2D. Current evidence suggests that established tumors subvert NKG2D-mediated tumor immunosurveillance by releasing NKG2D ligands (NKG2DL). Release of NKG2DL has been observed in a broad variety of human tumor entities and is thought to interfere with NKG2D-mediated tumor immunity in several ways. Further, levels of soluble NKG2DL (sNKG2DL) were also found to be elevated under various non-malignant conditions, although the functional implications remain largely unclear. Here we review and discuss the available data on the prevalence, release, functional impact, and potential clinical value of sNKG2DL.
Personnel Dosimetry Using LiF:Mg,Cu,P (1999)

Journal Article Personnel Dosimetry Using LiF:Mg,Cu,P Get access M. Moscovitch (INVITED) M. Moscovitch (INVITED) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 85, Issue 1-4, 1 September 1999, Pages 49–56, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a032904 Published: 01 September 1999
The effect of smoking on endothelial vasodilatory function evaluated by local infusion of metacholine in the forearm is dependent on the duration of smoking (2003)

Journal Article The effect of smoking on endothelial vasodilatory function evaluated by local infusion of metacholine in the forearm is dependent on the duration of smoking Get access Lars Lind, Lars Lind Department of Internal Medicine, University HospitalUppsala, Sweden Correspondence: Lars Lind, MD, Department of Medicine, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden. Tel: + 46 18 66 30 00 ; fax: + 46 18 54 04 12 ; e-mail: lars.lind@medsci.uu.se Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mahziar Sarabi, Mahziar Sarabi Department of Internal Medicine, University HospitalUppsala, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jonas Millgård Jonas Millgård Department of Internal Medicine, University HospitalUppsala, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nicotine & Tobacco Research, Volume 5, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 125–130, https://doi.org/10.1080/1462220031000070516 Published: 01 February 2003 Article history Received: 22 June 2001 Accepted: 22 August 2001 Published: 01 February 2003
Nitrate removal by entrapped zero-valent iron nanoparticles in calcium alginate (2008)

Zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) were successfully entrapped in calcium alginate beads. The potential use of this technique in environmental remediation using nitrate as a model contaminant was investigated. Kinetics of nitrate degradation using bare nZVI (approximately 35 nm dia) and entrapped nZVI were compared. Calcium alginate beads show promise as the entrapment medium for nZVI for possible use in permeable reactive barriers for groundwater remediation. Based on scanning electron microscopy images it can be inferred that the alginate gel cluster acts as a bridge that binds the nZVI particles together. Kinetic experiments with 100, 60, and 20 mg NO3--N L(-1) indicate that 50-73% nitrate-N removal was achieved with entrapped nZVI as compared to 55-73% with bare nZVI over a 2 h period. The controls ran simultaneously show little or no NO3--N removal. Statistical analysis indicates that there was no significant difference between the reaction rates of bare and entrapped nZVI. The authors have shown for the first time that nZVI can be effectively entrapped in Ca-alginate beads and no significant decrease in the reactivity of nZVI toward the model contaminant (nitrate here) was observed after the entrapment.
Calcium Coordination and the Calmodulin Fold: Divergent versus Convergent Evolution (1987)

In 1975 I presented "Hypothesis: Calcium-modulated proteins contain EF-hands" as part of a general summary of the function of calcium within the cytosol. In brief review, the general theory consists of five summary ideas or hypotheses.
Characteristics of the Brillouin spectra in Erbium-Ytterbium fibers (2008)

This paper reports the main characteristics of the Stokes spectra for typical pumped and unpumped Erbium-Ytterbium doped fibers. Doped fibers show shorter Brillouin shifts and their spectra are up to 1.6 times broader than undoped fibers. Those spectra are composed of several peaks originating from several longitudinal acoustic modes. The effective Brillouin gain of the secondary modes can be as large as 20% of the main peak gain. They can merge into a more complex structure for the largest cores. Simulations allow to relate these characteristics to the influence of codoping and index profile inhomogeneity. An additional broadening of the Stokes spectrum in pumped fibers is reported and attributed to thermal effects.
Effects of glucocorticoid excess on the sensitivity of glucose transport and metabolism to insulin in rat skeletal muscle (1997)

GENBANK/dy examines the mechanisms of glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance in rat soleus muscle. Glucocorticoid excess was induced by administration of dexamethasone to rats for 5 days. Dexamethasone decreased the sensitivity of 3-O-methylglucose transport, 2-deoxyglucose phosphorylation, glycogen synthesis and glucose oxidation to insulin. The total content of GLUT4 glucose transporters was not decreased by dexamethasone; however, the increase in these transporters in the plasma membrane in response to insulin (100 m-units/litre) was lessened. In contrast, the sensitivity of lactate formation to insulin was normal. The content of 2-deoxyglucose in the dexamethasone-treated muscle was decreased at 100 m-units/litre insulin, while the contents of glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate were normal at all concentrations of insulin studied. The maximal activity of hexokinase in the soleus muscle was not affected by dexamethasone; however, inhibition of this enzyme by glucose 6-phosphate was decreased. These results suggest the following. (1) Glucocorticoid excess causes insulin resistance in skeletal muscle by directly inhibiting the translocation of the GLUT4 glucose transporters to the plasma membrane in response to insulin; since the activity of hexokinase is not affected, the changes in the sensitivity of glucose phosphorylation to insulin seen under these conditions are secondary to those in glucose transport. (2) The sensitivity of glycogen synthesis and glucose oxidation to insulin is decreased, but that of glycolysis is not affected: a redistribution of glucose away from the pathway of glycogen synthesis and glucose oxidation could maintain a normal rate of lactate formation although the rate of glucose transport is decreased.
Light powered molecular machines (2009)

The bottom-up construction and operation of mechanical machines of molecular size is a topic of high interest for nanoscience, and a fascinating challenge of nanotechnology. Like their macroscopic counterparts, nanoscale machines need energy to operate. Although most molecular motors of the biological world are fueled by chemical reactions, light is a very good choice to power artificial molecular machines because it can also be used to monitor the state of the machine, and makes it possible to obtain systems that show autonomous operation and do not generate waste products. By adopting an incrementally staged design strategy, photoinduced processes can be engineered within multicomponent (supramolecular) species with the purpose of obtaining light-powered molecular machines. Such an approach is illustrated in this tutorial review by describing some examples based on rotaxanes investigated in our laboratories.
Automated short tandem repeat (STR) analysis in forensic casework — a strategy for the future (1995)

Short tandem repeat (STR) loci are routinely analysed for forensic purposes in the UK. Because small regions of DNa are amplified, successful results are more likely to be obtained from highly degraded material where the DNA fragment length may be < 500 bp. The method is superceeding conventional analysis with single locus probes (SLPs). Dimeric STR loci display stutter artefacts, hence STRs used in casework are restricted to tri or tetrameric loci. Some STRs are complex repeats and have more alleles than simple repeats - for example the locus D21S11 has 21 alleles which differ in size by 2 bp because of the presence/absence of a hexanucleotide within the block of tetrameric repeats. These loci are of great potential interest because they combine increased discriminating power with reduced potential to stutter. Multiplexing 4 different loci with different dye labelled primers (i.e. carrying out polymerase chain reaction of 4 loci simultaneously) using the ABD 373A automated sequencer enables a large numbers of samples to be processed. In addition data aquisition and manipulation is automated so that minimum postelectrophoresis operator input is required. It is our aim to develop a system equivalent in power to that of 4 single locus probes. To achieve this we have developed an octoplex system consisting of 7 loci and a sex test (amelogenin locus) which has a probability of chance of association of 10(-9); the power of this system is equivalent to that achieved by 4 conventional SLPs.
Electrical Induction of Ventricular Fibrillation for Resuscitation From Postcountershock Pulseless and Asystolic Cardiac Arrests (2001)

Precountershock CPR during VF appears more conducive to resuscitation than CPR during postcountershock PEA or asystole. The intentional induction of VF may prove useful in the management of PEA and asystolic arrests.
Struktur und Eigenschaften einer neuen Polyesterfaser (1962)

Abstract Poly‐[1.4‐bis‐(hydroxymethyl)‐cyclohexan‐terephthalat] kann das cis‐ und das trans‐Isomer der Cyclohexan‐Komponente enthalten. Die Abhängigkeit der Eigenschaften des Polymeren vom cis/trans‐Verhältnis wird untersucht. Die Kristallgitter der Polymeren mit nur einem Isomeren in der Kette gehen bei Änderung des cis/trans‐Verhältnisses kontinuierlich ineinander über. Ein eutektisches Gemisch tritt nicht auf. Gegenwärtig werden Fasern mit einem cis/trans‐Verhältnis von etwa 1:2 hergestellt. Sie sind gegen Wasser nur sehr wenig empfindlich, ihre Arbeitsrückgabe ist groß.
Active Desiccant Dehumidification Module Integration with Rooftop Packaged HVAC (2002)

This report summarizes a research and development program that produced a stand-alone active desiccant module (ADM) that can be easily integrated with new or existing packaged cooling equipment. The program also produced a fully integrated hybrid system, combining the active desiccant section with a conventional direct expansion air-conditioning unit, that resulted in a compact, low-cost, energy-efficient end product. Based upon the results of this investigation, both systems were determined to be highly viable products for commercialization. Major challenges--including wheel development, compact packaging, regeneration burner development, control optimization, and low-cost design--were all successfully addressed by the final prototypes produced and tested as part of this program. Extensive laboratory testing was completed in the SEMCO laboratory for each of the two ADM system approaches. This testing confirmed the performance of the ADM systems to be attractive compared with that of alternate approaches currently used to precondition outdoor air, where a return air path is not readily available for passive desiccant recovery or where first cost is the primary design criterion. Photographs, schematics, and performance maps are provided for the ADM systems that were developed; and many of the control advantages are discussed. Based upon the positive results of this research and development program, field tests are under way for fully instrumented pilot installations of ADM systems in both a hotel/motel and a restaurant.
A–Z (2008)

Advanced Reference: The abdomen is separated from the chest by the diaphragm. The contents of the abdomen include stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum, liver spleen, pancreas, appendix, gall bladder.
3-4: Switchable Lens for 3D Display, Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality (2016)

A switchable lens based on a twisted nematic liquid crystal cell and a polarization dependent component is demonstrated. This switchable lens has advantages in fast response time, low chromatic aberration, and low operation voltage. Its potential applications include wearable virtual reality, augmented reality, and other head mounted display devices.
Narrow beamwidth satellite antenna pointing and tracking (2011)

High data rate communication to users having limited performance resources requires narrow beamwidth, high gain antennas to meet link closure requirements. When users are distributed over relatively wide coverage areas, an appropriate design approach may use array antenna technology to obtain adequate link performance. When high gain satellite antennas are used, two challenges must be addressed. The first challenge is to compensate for satellite attitude and stationkeeping variations so that the overall array coverage area remains registered to the intended geographical area. The second challenge is to acquire users that are sparsely distributed over the broad coverage area and for mobile users, track their motion over the communication time with adequate accuracy to avoid excessive antenna pointing loss. In addition, when such systems are used for military applications, these challenges must also be satisfied when interference is present. Techniques to meet such requirements are discussed.
Potential of “Lure and Kill” in Long-Term Pest Management and Eradication of Invasive Species (2009)

"Lure and kill" technology has been used for several decades in pest management and eradication of invasive species. In lure and kill, the insect pest attracted by a semiochemical lure is not "entrapped" at the source of the attractant as in mass trapping, but instead the insect is subjected to a killing agent, which eliminates affected individuals from the population after a short period. In past decades, a growing scientific literature has been published on this concept. This article provides the first review on the potential of lure and kill in long-term pest management and eradication of invasive species. We present a summary of lure and kill, either when used as a stand-alone control method or in combination with other methods. We discuss its efficacy in comparison with other control methods. Several case studies in which lure and kill has been used with the aims of long-term pest management (e.g., pink bollworm, Egyptian cotton leafworm, codling moth, apple maggot, biting flies, and bark beetles) or the eradication of invasive species (e.g., tephritid fruit flies and boll weevils) are provided. Subsequently, we identify essential knowledge required for successful lure and kill programs that include lure competitiveness with natural odor source; lure density; lure formulation and release rate; pest population density and risk of immigration; and biology and ecology of the target species. The risks associated with lure and kill, especially when used in the eradication programs, are highlighted. We comment on the cost-effectiveness of this technology and its strengths and weaknesses, and list key reasons for success and failure. We conclude that lure and kill can be highly effective in controlling small, low-density, isolated populations, and thus it has the potential to add value to long-term pest management. In the eradication of invasive species, lure and kill offers a major advantage in effectiveness by its being inverse density dependent and it provides some improvements in efficacy over related control methods. However, the inclusion of insecticides or sterilants in lure and kill formulations presents a major obstacle to public acceptance.
The maturing architecture of the brain's default network (2008)

In recent years, the brain's "default network," a set of regions characterized by decreased neural activity during goal-oriented tasks, has generated a significant amount of interest, as well as controversy. Much of the discussion has focused on the relationship of these regions to a "default mode" of brain function. In early studies, investigators suggested that, the brain's default mode supports "self-referential" or "introspective" mental activity. Subsequently, regions of the default network have been more specifically related to the "internal narrative," the "autobiographical self," "stimulus independent thought," "mentalizing," and most recently "self-projection." However, the extant literature on the function of the default network is limited to adults, i.e., after the system has reached maturity. We hypothesized that further insight into the network's functioning could be achieved by characterizing its development. In the current study, we used resting-state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) to characterize the development of the brain's default network. We found that the default regions are only sparsely functionally connected at early school age (7-9 years old); over development, these regions integrate into a cohesive, interconnected network.
Impact Force when Fabric Inflates at High Speed (2009)

Occupant protection systems for automobiles are currently highly publicized. An airbag inflating at high speed impacts an occupant with great force. Airbag safety relies on its construction with primarily woven fabrics. We have referred to a typical pressure-time history of an airbag and developed a device to measure impact load when the fabric airbag inflates at high speed. When interior pressure in the airbag increased, impact load increased. Also, the impact load on a body increased as the distance between the body and airbag decreased. The impact force of an airbag inflating at high speed was simulated by a non-linear finite element method (FEM) combined with an incremental method, where the sample was modeled by a thin elastic shell. An experiment was conducted to verify the theory and this calculation method. Good agreement was obtained between the theoretical and experimental values for two types of fabric sample. This demonstrated that the mathematical technique developed here can satisfactorily predict the impact force when an airbag inflates at high speed and that the impact force depends appreciably on the mechanical properties of fabrics.
Spa Treatment (Balneotherapy) for Fibromyalgia—A Qualitative-Narrative Review and a Historical Perspective (2013)

Aim. To perform a narrative review of spa therapy for management of the fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), evaluating this traditional time-honored form of therapy in a historical perspective. Methods. Medline was searched using the terms "Spa therapy," "Balneotherapy," and "Fibromyalgia" between 1990 (year of ACR fibromyalgia criteria publication) and April 2013. The Cochrane database was also searched. Publications relating to the implementation of spa therapy and related practices over the centuries were identified through references, searched, and reviewed. Results. Reports of balneotherapy were described from diverse locations throughout Europe and Asia, and various forms of water-related therapy have been incorporated for many musculoskeletal indications. In the management of FMS, spa therapy has generally been shown to be well accepted and moderately effective for symptom reduction. Conclusion. While achieving high-quality evidence-based conclusions is difficult for complex natural therapies such as spa therapy, the existing evidence indicates a positive effect in management of FMS. In view of the long history of this modality in the management of rheumatic pain as well as the inherent difficulties related to pharmacological treatment, the role of spa therapy should currently be recognized as part of a therapeutic program for FMS.
Optimal VLSI architecture for distributed arithmetic-based algorithms (2002)

Digital signal processing algorithms often use inner product as basic computation. In this paper we propose a new design methodology for synthesizing an optimal VLSI architecture implementing a real-time Distributed Arithmetic-based inner product. Our design methodology considers the design space as bidimensional one. In the first dimension we consider all possible input data parallelisations: from bit-serial to bit-parallel. In the second dimension we consider all possible lookup-table partitioning. Using a new ROM generic model, expressions are developed for area and maximum input data bandwidth, which allows to have an explicit formulation of the area-bandwidth tradeoff. Finally, for a given set of application constraints (inner product size and data bandwidth), we exhibit the optimal architectural parameters that provide the smallest chip area.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interfacial Hybridization of RNA Homopolymers Studied by Liquid Phase Acoustic Network Analysis (1996)

Hybridization of RNA homopolymers has been employed to verify the possibility of developing a biosensor for nucleic acid based on the thickness-shear mode (TSM) acoustic wave device. The results clearly show that RNA homopolymers can be successfully immobilized onto a PdO electrode surface by chemisorption and that sequence-specific hybridization can be detected. The characterization of TSM sensors upon hybridization of immobilized nucleic acid is achieved through the network analysis of impedance measurements. Multidimensional chemical information regarding nucleic acid hybridization at the interface through correlation with such parameters as the series and parallel resonant frequencies, frequencies at the maximum and minimum impedance, and equivalent circuit elements was obtained. The effect of temperature on RNA homopolymer hybridization has also been examined. The results show that the series resonant frequency increases when single strand Poly C hybridizes to complementary Poly G from solution at low temperature and decreases at high temperature. On the other hand, series resonant frequency always decreases when immobilized Poly A hybridizes to Poly U in the temperature range studied. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis shows that the Poly C·Poly G duplex interacts with the PdO surface, and this dramatically changes the helical structure on the sensor surface, resulting in unexpected frequency increases. The observed results, in large degree, are related to surface hydrophilicity and viscoelastic effects. The strength of the helix−PdO interaction is also temperature-dependent.