gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supramolecular Host‐Guest Systems in Zeolites Prepared by Ship‐in‐a‐Bottle Synthesis (2004)

Abstract Zeolites have a microporous system defining large cavities interconnected by smaller windows. These cages can accommodate large molecules whose size, however, can be too big to cross the windows. The most important examples of these tridirectional zeolites are faujasites X and Y, but examples of other suitable zeolites are Beta, EMT and MCM‐22. The inclusion of large guests inside the cavities starts from smaller precursors that can diffuse through the zeolite pores and then react inside the cavities to form the target guest. This microreview discusses the special characterisation techniques necessary to study these systems, differentiating those that serve to assess the identity and purity of the guests from those that address the internal vs. external location of the guests with respect to the zeolite host. It is organized by grouping the examples of ship‐in‐a‐bottle synthesis according to the potential application of the system as catalysts, photocatalysts, sensors, in molecular machines, etc. Although proper credit is given to the pioneering reports on ship‐in‐a‐bottle synthesis, the emphasis is placed on the most recent examples of the literature covering up to mid 2003. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Characterization of Cystic Pancreatic Masses: Relative Accuracy of CT and MRI (2007)

CT and MRI are reasonably and similarly accurate in the characterization of cystic pancreatic masses as benign or malignant; limitations include a substantial rate of misdiagnosis even when reviewer certainty is high and a moderate frequency of malignancy in small morphologically benign-appearing cysts.
Rapid analysis of fatty acids in plasma lipids (1990)

A rapid and convenient procedure for the quantitative determination of the fatty acid composition of plasma lipids is described. Human plasma was applied directly to the preadsorbent zones of thin-layer silica gel plates with added antioxidant, internal standards and carriers. The thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plates were partially developed with methanol followed by chloroform/methanol (1:1, v/v), and then they were fully developed in hexane/diethyl ether/acetic acid (80:20:1, v/v/v) to separate the major classes of lipids. Silica gel from regions containing the separated lipids was scraped into screw-capped tubes and treated with boron trifluoride-methanol prior to gas chromatography. The method of direct application to TLC plates gave yields and compositions of fatty acids very similar to the method of applying extracted plasma lipids. This relatively simple method is suitable for analyzing the fatty acids in plasma lipids from a 50 microliter finger-tip blood samples from an individual, and it may be useful in wide-scale screening of different individuals to estimate the relative amounts of ingested polyunsaturated fatty acids.
DEFINING STRUCTURAL DESCRIPTIONS (1980)

A formalism for representing descriptions based upon labelled directed graphs is presented. Node and edge labels are assumed to lie in lattice‐like structures which capture certain semantic relationships between object classes and predicates, respectively. With this as a framework, the problem of inferring descriptions of a concept from examples is defined. In particular, the problem of constructing a more general description can be viewed as a process of iverting transformations used to generate instances of a description. Several examples are given and some problems are cited.
Blockchain Security in Cloud Computing: Use Cases, Challenges, and Solutions (2017)

Blockchain has drawn attention as the next-generation financial technology due to its security that suits the informatization era. In particular, it provides security through the authentication of peers that share virtual cash, encryption, and the generation of hash value. According to the global financial industry, the market for security-based blockchain technology is expected to grow to about USD 20 billion by 2020. In addition, blockchain can be applied beyond the Internet of Things (IoT) environment; its applications are expected to expand. Cloud computing has been dramatically adopted in all IT environments for its efficiency and availability. In this paper, we discuss the concept of blockchain technology and its hot research trends. In addition, we will study how to adapt blockchain security to cloud computing and its secure solutions in detail.
Numerical Simulation of Shale-Gas Production: from Pore-Scale Modeling of Slip-Flow, Knudsen Diffusion, and Langmuir Desorption to Reservoir Modeling of Compressible Fluid (2011)

Abstract We combine a new pore-scale model with a reservoir simulation algorithm to predict gas production in gas-bearing shales. It includes an iterative verification method of surface mass balance to ensure real-time desorption-adsorption equilibrium with gas production. The pore-scale model quantifies macroscopic petrophysical properties of formations using an algorithm of gas transport in porous media that simultaneously considers the effects of no-slip and slip flow, Knudsen diffusion, and Langmuir desorption. Subsequently, the reservoir model populates petrophysical properties derived from the pore-scale analysis at every numerical grid and at each time-step to calculate the production history and pressure distribution in the reservoir. This approach examines the contribution of different transport processes (i.e. advective flow, Knudsen diffusion, and desorption) to quantify their corresponding contributions to overall flow. Previously, we showed that slip flow and Knudsen diffusion play a significant role in explaining the higher-than-expected permeability observed in shale-gas formations with pore-throat sizes in the range of nanometers. It is shown that Langmuir desorption from organic-matter surfaces is important in the calculation of stored gas in gas-bearing shales. Modeling results show that gas desorption maintains the reservoir pressure via the supply of gas. In comparison to conventional reservoir descriptions, the contributions of slip flow and Knudsen diffusion increase the apparent permeability of the reservoir while gas production takes place. The effects of both mechanisms explain the higher-than-expected gas production rates commonly observed in these formations.
Synthesis and On‐Demand Gelation of Multifunctional Poly(ethylene glycol)‐Based Polymers (2014)

The synthesis of a novel photoreactive poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based polymer with caged carbonyl groups is reported. We further demonstrate its use for the on-demand fabrication of hydrogels. For rapid gelation, a hydrazide-functionalized PEG is used as the second component for the hydrogel preparation. The photoreactive PEG-based polymer is designed for controlled cleavage of the protecting groups upon exposure to UV light releases free aldehyde moieties, which readily react with hydrazide groups in situ. This hydrogel system may find applications in controlled release drug delivery applications, when combined with in situ gelation. Furthermore, the possibility of forming gels specifically upon UV irradiation gives an opportunity for 3D fabrication of degradable scaffolds.
Synthesis and Transformation Products of Compounds in the 1,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-5-oxobenz[cd]indole-3-carboxylic Acid Series (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Transformation Products of Compounds in the 1,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-5-oxobenz[cd]indole-3-carboxylic Acid SeriesJacob SzmuszkoviczCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 4, 843–849Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01027a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01027a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views324Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Isolation of Plant Growth Regulators from Seeds of<i>Cucurbita pepo</i>L (1977)

A survey of plant growth regulators in seeds of Cucurbita pepo L. led to the isolation of three new gibberellins A30, A48 and A49, a new kaurenolide, and six plant growth regulators (a new compound named cucurbic acid, cucurbic acid glucoside, methyl cucurbate glucoside, (+)-abscisic acid, 9, 10-dihydroxy-12-octadecenoic acid and its methyl ester) together with three abscisic acid-related compounds [(+)-2-trans-abscisic acid, (+)-dehydrovomifoliol and (+)-vomifoliol].
Dielectric spectroscopy at microwave frequencies (1977)

A dielectric spectrometer operating continuously over the frequency range of 0.01 to 18 GHz is described. The frequency dependence of both the attenuation coefficient and the permittivity of liquids may be measured over this frequency range to an estimated uncertainty of better than +or-5% when alpha d>1 ( alpha is the attenuation coefficient of the liquid and d the depth of liquid in the cell). Significant measurements are still possible with reduced accuracy when alpha d<1. The method is capable of fast routine operation with the dielectric absorption process characterized in about one hour. This sweep-frequency method is capable of a higher accuracy than the time-domain spectrometer and may be adapted to give a direct display of the frequency variation of the attenuation.
Kdm4b Histone Demethylase Is a DNA Damage Response Protein and Confers a Survival Advantage following γ-Irradiation (2013)

DNA damage evokes a complex and highly coordinated DNA damage response (DDR) that is integral to the suppression of genomic instability. Double-strand breaks (DSBs) are considered the most deleterious form damage. Evidence suggests that trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me3) presents a barrier to DSB repair. Also, global levels of histone methylation are clinically predictive for several tumor types. Therefore, demethylation of H3K9 may be an important step in the repair of DSBs. The KDM4 subfamily of demethylases removes H3K9 tri- and dimethylation and contributes to the regulation of cellular differentiation and proliferation; mutation or aberrant expression of KDM4 proteins has been identified in several human tumors. We hypothesize that members of the KDM4 subfamily may be components of the DDR. We found that Kdm4b-enhanced GFP (EGFP) and KDM4D-EGFP were recruited rapidly to DNA damage induced by laser micro-irradiation. Focusing on the clinically relevant Kdm4b, we found that recruitment was dependent on poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 activity as well as Kdm4b demethylase activity. The Kdm4 proteins did not measurably accumulate at γ-irradiation-induced γH2AX foci. Nevertheless, increased levels of Kdm4b were associated with decreased numbers of γH2AX foci 6 h after irradiation as well as increased cell survival. Finally, we found that levels of H3K9me2 and H3K9me3 were decreased at early time points after 2 gray of γ-irradiation. Taken together, these data demonstrate that Kdm4b is a DDR protein and that overexpression of Kdm4b may contribute to the failure of anti-cancer therapy that relies on the induction of DNA damage.
Reductive Dehalogenation of Chlorinated Methanes by Iron Metal (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReductive Dehalogenation of Chlorinated Methanes by Iron MetalLeah J. Matheson and Paul G. TratnyekCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1994, 28, 12, 2045–2053Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00061a012https://doi.org/10.1021/es00061a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5092Altmetric-Citations1119LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Toward a Reusable Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) Substrate by Soft-Landing Ion Mobility (2013)

Soft-landing ion mobility has been applied to the development of a reusable surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic substrate. Sections of silicon wafers were cleaved and modified with 3-(mercaptopropyl) triethoxysilane. After modification, gold was deposited using a soft-landing ion mobility system at thermal kinetic energies. It was found that 30 min of deposition provided the optimal feature size for surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and thus deposition was completed in a pressure-dependent fashion. After gold deposition, caffeine was deposited from the solution phase and checked for Raman activity. The Raman spectroscopic signature for caffeine increased as an inverse function of pressure pertaining to surface coverage of captured Au particles. After Raman spectroscopic confirmation of caffeine, the 1 Torr surface was ultrasonically cleaned in deionized water and respotted with sodium bicarbonate solution. There was no interference on the sodium bicarbonate solution from residual caffeine on the surface.
Optimization of Pathogen Capture in Flowing Fluids with Magnetic Nanoparticles (2015)

Magnetic nanoparticles have been employed to capture pathogens for many biological applications; however, optimal particle sizes have been determined empirically in specific capturing protocols. Here, a theoretical model that simulates capture of bacteria is described and used to calculate bacterial collision frequencies and magnetophoretic properties for a range of particle sizes. The model predicts that particles with a diameter of 460 nm should produce optimal separation of bacteria in buffer flowing at 1 L h(-1) . Validating the predictive power of the model, Staphylococcus aureus is separated from buffer and blood flowing through magnetic capture devices using six different sizes of magnetic particles. Experimental magnetic separation in buffer conditions confirms that particles with a diameter closest to the predicted optimal particle size provide the most effective capture. Modeling the capturing process in plasma and blood by introducing empirical constants (ce ), which integrate the interfering effects of biological components on the binding kinetics of magnetic beads to bacteria, smaller beads with 50 nm diameters are predicted that exhibit maximum magnetic separation of bacteria from blood and experimentally validated this trend. The predictive power of the model suggests its utility for the future design of magnetic separation for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Neuroimaging and frontal-subcortical circuitry in obsessive-compulsive disorder (1998)

OCD symptoms are mediated by hyperactivity in orbitofrontal-subcortical circuits, perhaps due to an imbalance of tone between direct and indirect striato-pallidal pathways. We present a model which describes how frontal-subcortical brain circuitry may mediate OCD symptomatology, and suggest a hypothesis for how successful treatments may ameliorate symptoms, via their effects on circuit activity.
Local and Global QoS-aware Token Bucket Parameters Determination for Traffic Conditioning in 3rd Generation Wireless Networks (2002)

Based on the framework of employing traffic shaping at the UE and policing at the RNC, we propose a local and global QoS-aware token bucket parameter determination technique for traffic conditioning in 3G wireless networks in this paper. The local QoS-awareness is achieved by the tradeoff between the shaping delay and the out-ofprofile probability at the token bucket traffic shaper, and the global QoS-awareness is obtained by joint consideration with packet loss ratio at the system level. By tuning the system operating on the obtained global ’optimal’ shaping parameters, the requirements for all concerned QoS attributes are guaranteed. The numerical results with respect to the system model considered are also presented. 1
Retinopathy of Prematurity Care (2010)

Dr Michael T. Trese holds financial interest (equity partner and consultant) in the FocusROP website and software. Dr Lisa J. Faia has no financial interests.
A method for localization of sources of human cerebral potentials evoked by sensory stimuli. (1978)

A method based on potential field theory is described for assessing the location and orientation of dipole generators of the human scalp-recorded sensory evoked potential (EP). The method assumes that the EP at a given moment is due to a single dipole source and that the head can be modeled by a homogeneous conductive sphere (brain) surrounded by inner (skull) and outer (scalp) shells of differing conductivity (three-sphere model). Solution for source location and orientation from the surface potential field is given for the case of a single homogeneous sphere (one-sphere model). It is then shown that a unique solution for the three-sphere model can be derived from the one-sphere solution. Solutions are obtained by application of an iterative procedure which minimizes the error between calculated and empirical potential fields. A test of the method is described in which the calculated location and orientation of a dipole was in good agreement with the known source of an early component of the human somatosensory EP.
Experimental study of the influence of nanoparticle generation on the electrical characteristics of argon–silane capacitive radio-frequency plasmas (2002)

The nonintrusive detection of particle contamination problems is of great interest to plasma processing in the manufacture of semiconductors. We have studied the influence of particle generation in argon–silane capacitive plasmas on the electrical discharge properties which can be nonintrusively measured with a current–voltage sensor. The Fourier components of the rf current and voltage and the respective phase angles between these signals have been studied up to the fifth harmonic of the 13.56 MHz rf power. We show that in particular higher harmonics are much more sensitive to the appearance of particles than the signals at the fundamental frequency or the second harmonic. It appears that the observation of higher harmonics is capable of providing early indication of particle growth in capacitive rf discharges.
A Distributed Virtual Reality System for Spatial Updating. Concepts, Implementation, and Experiments (2001)

A Distributed Virtual Reality System for Spatial Updating Concepts, Implementation, and Experiments PhD Thesis of Markus von der Heyde Introduction: Over the course of evolution humans as well as other animals learned to navigate through complex environments. Such navigation had two main goals: to find food and to find the way back to shelter. For most moving organisms it is important to know their location in the world and maintain some internal representation of it. For higher species it is most likely that multiple sensory systems provide information to solve this
The use of non-ionic ethoxylated and propoxylated surfactants to prevent the adhesion of bacteria to solid surfaces (1987)

A number of series of ethoxylated and propoxylated non-ionic surfactants were evaluated for their ability to prevent the adhesion of Pseudomonas sp. strain NCMB 2021 (under static conditions) and S. marcescens strain NCIB 12211 (under flowing conditions) to hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces. Most of the linear ethoxylated surfactants had an anti-adhesive effect on hydrophobic but not hydrophilic surfaces. An investigation into the durability of the anti-adhesive effect showed that by surface adsorption, the propoxylated Procetyl series were far superior to any of the ethoxylated surfactants examined.
Dispersion of Cisplatin-Loaded Carbon Nanohorns with a Conjugate Comprised of an Artificial Peptide Aptamer and Polyethylene Glycol (2007)

Hydrophobic single-wall carbon nanohorns (SWNHs) were dispersed in aqueous media by noncovalently modifying their surfaces with conjugate molecules comprised of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and a peptide aptamer (NHBP-1) that specifically bind to the surfaces of the SWNHs. The conjugates were synthesized by coupling PEG (average molecular weights of 20,000 and 5000) to the N-terminus of NHBP-1 to produce 20PEG-NHBP and 5PEG-NHBP, respectively. Oxidized SWNHs (oxSWNHs) mixed with 20PEG-NHBP or 5PEG-NHBP were well dispersed in water and passed through a gel filtration column, whereas the oxSWNHs treated with PEG stuck to the top of the column. Although the presence of salts in the media significantly impaired the dispersibility of the oxSWNHs, the oxSWNHs/20PEG-NHBP complexes were well dispersed in both the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and cell culture medium. The amount of 20PEG-NHBP bound to the oxSWNHs was estimated to be 0.32 g/g of oxSWNHs, and a dynamic light scattering analysis revealed the diameter of the oxSWNHs/20PEG-NHBP complex to be approximately 210 nm. We then showed that CDDP@oxSWNHs/20PEG-NHBP, in which the cancer chemotherapy drug cisplatin (CDDP) was loaded inside the oxSWNHs, was well dispersed in both the PBS and culture medium and exerted a potent cytotoxic effect against cancer cells. The good dispersion of drug-loaded carbon nanomaterials, like that seen here, is a prerequisite for the clinical application of such materials.
Zur Chemie der kondensierten Phosphate und Arsenate, L. Die Phenolyse des Trimetaphosphats. Über das Monophenyltriphosphat (1966)

Abstract Die Ringaufspaltung des Trimetaphosphat‐Anions durch Phenol in alkalischer Lösung führt zum Monophenyltriphosphat‐Anion. Orientierende Versuche zeigen, daß sich Resorcin, Hydrochinon, o ‐, m ‐ und p ‐Kresol wie Phenol verhalten. Monophenyltriphosphat ist in wäßriger Lösung bei Raumtemperatur sehr beständig; beim Kochen entsteht Monophosphat und Monophenyldiphosphat. Im Gegensatz zu den genannten Phenolen spaltet Brenzcatechin Trimetaphosphat‐Anionen in alkalischer Lösung relativ schnell unter Bildung von Diphosphat‐ und 2‐Hydroxy‐phenylmonophosphat‐Anionen.