gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blocked isocyanate‐terminated prepolymers in a delayed‐cure durable‐press finish for wool. Influence of isocyanate and blocking group structure on reactivity (1979)

Abstract A series of prepolymers containing terminal blocked isocyanate groups was prepared by reaction of isocyanate‐terminated prepolymers [derived from a poly(propylene oxide) diol (MW = 2000) or a triol (MW = 3000) and different diisocyanates] with various blocking agents. Their curing rates with a polyepoxide crosslinking agent were measured to assess their suitability for a delayed‐cure durable‐press treatment for wool. The curing rates varied over a wide range, but commonly used blocking groups such as phenols, caprolactam, β‐diketones, and alcohols were not sufficiently reactive for the intended application, although others, e.g., oximes and certain blocking agents containing a basic center such as N,N‐diethylhydroxylamine, hydroxypyridines, and hydroxyquinolines, had the required reactivity. Blocking by 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of nitrones was examined, but the reactivities were too low. Prepolymers containing blocked aromatic isocyanates were more reactive than those containing blocked aliphatic isocyanates. Difunctional butanone oxime‐blocked pre‐polymers cured slightly more slowly than analogous trifunctional prepolymers.
pH-sensitive magnetic alginate-chitosan beads for albendazole delivery (2010)

Novel magnetic alginate-chitosan beads were prepared for the controlled delivery of albendazole. The magnetic beads were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The swelling behavior and in vitro release of albendazole from the beads has been investigated. The magnetic hydrogel beads had showed unique pH-dependent swelling behaviors and a continuous release of the entrapped albendazole occurred. From the magnetometer measurements data, the magnetic alginate-chitosan beads also had superparamagnetic property as well as fast magnetic response. The magnetic beads may be used as a magnetic drug targeting system for albendazole in the gastrointestinal tract.
Distributed fiber-optic laser-ultrasound generation based on ghost-mode of tilted fiber Bragg gratings (2013)

Active ultrasonic testing is widely used for medical diagnosis, material characterization and structural health monitoring. Ultrasonic transducer is a key component in active ultrasonic testing. Due to their many advantages such as small size, light weight, and immunity to electromagnetic interference, fiber-optic ultrasonic transducers are particularly attractive for permanent, embedded applications in active ultrasonic testing for structural health monitoring. However, current fiber-optic transducers only allow effective ultrasound generation at a single location of the fiber end. Here we demonstrate a fiber-optic device that can effectively generate ultrasound at multiple, selected locations along a fiber in a controllable manner based on a smart light tapping scheme that only taps out the light of a particular wavelength for laser-ultrasound generation and allow light of longer wavelengths pass by without loss. Such a scheme may also find applications in remote fiber-optic device tuning and quasi-distributed biochemical fiber-optic sensing.
Renal tissue expression of EGF and EGF receptor after ischaemic tubular injury: an immunohistochemical study. (1994)

Rat kidneys undergoing tubular regeneration after ischaemic injury have been examined with regard to EGF, EGF receptor and vimentin, using immunohistochemical techniques. Renal ischaemia was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by 35-min clamping of renal arteries. Groups (n = 4-6) of experimental animals were killed at different time intervals (12, 24, 48, 72 h, 7 and 14 days) after reperfusion. One hour before sacrifice, each rat received i.p. 200 mg/kg 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) for the immunocytological demonstration of DNA synthesis. Renal necropsies were processed to reveal by immunohistochemistry EGF, EGF receptor, vimentin, and BrdU incorporated into DNA of S-phase cells. Tubular necrosis particularly involved proximal straight tubules in the outer stripe of the outer medulla and was followed by tubular regeneration, with a peak of cell proliferation at 48-72 h and an apparent dedifferentiation of tubular epithelium. As soon as 12 h after ischaemia, there was a substantial reduction of EGF immunostaining and the incidence of distal tubules showing EGF immunoreactivity reached a nadir at 48 h. In control kidneys, EGF receptor was mostly immunolocalized in proximal tubules although juxtaglomerular cells also exhibited immunolabelling. EGF receptor immunostaining in tubular epithelium showed no major change during the episode of tubular necrosis (12-24 h) but disappeared in tubular profiles undergoing regenerative hyperplasia (48-72 h). No vimentin immunostaining was found in tubules of control kidneys. Tubular epithelium remained mostly vimentin negative during the early phase of tubular necrosis/regeneration (12-72 h). By contrast, 7 days after ischaemia numerous dedifferentiated tubules expressed vimentin. In conclusion, tubular regeneration after ischaemia is associated with a typical sequence of transient events: (1) reduction of EGF immunostaining; (2) disappearance of EGF receptors during the mitogenic response; (3) expression of vimentin in tubular epithelium, and (4) return to a normal appearance.
The Oxford companion to chess (1993)

The Oxford Companion to Chess is a comprehensive guide to all aspects of the game from the earliest myths describing the game's invention right up to recent World Championship competitions. For the second edition, all entries have been scrutinized, revised, and updated, maintaining the book's reputation for authority and accuracy. * Over 2,500 entries covering named openings, laws, and strategies * Biographies of all the major figures * Embraces all branches of the game, including correspondence chess and other forms of telechess, and regional variations such as Chinese and Japanese chess, as well as various unorthodox forms * A host of topics such as computers and chess, philately and chess, and the representation of the game in literature, art, theatre, and film This book is intended for will appeal to chess players of all levels, from the professional to general readers who wish to know more to aid their enjoyment of the game.
A large-current-output boosted voltage generator with non-overlapping clock control for sub-1-V memory applications (2004)

A new CMOS large-current-output positive pump is proposed and compared with the conventional pump in this paper. In this new pump scheme, two auxiliary pumps which are driven by non-overlapping clocks control the transfer and precharge switches, respectively, increasing the 'ON' conductance of the transfer switches very much at sub-1-V-VDD range. The output current improvement of this new pump reaches to 1.6 times larger than the conventional pump with an area penalty less than 10%. This new pump was fabricated in 0.35-μm n-well process technology and its effectiveness is firstly verified experimentally in this paper.
Researching Sydney child survivors of the holocaust: Insights into a complex methodological process (2002)

Historical enquiry is the combined study of both what happened and how it is passed down to us. Child survivors are the last eyewitnesses to the Holocaust. It was not until forty years after the Holocaust that child survivors were acknowledged as an independent group, separate from adult survivors. In the constitution of the NSW Child Survivor Group, a child survivor is defined as 'a Jewish person, who, during the Holocaust, lived under Nazi occupation as a child and survived'.' The Sydney Child Survivors' Group has an open-ended definition accepting any survivor who identifies with 'child survivors', regardless of how old they were at the end of the war.
From Image Deblurring to Optimal Investments: Maximum Likelihood Solutions for Positive Linear Inverse Problems (1993)

SUMMARY The problem of recovering an input signal from a blurred output, in an input-output system with linear distortion, is ubiquitous in science and technology. When the blurred output is not degraded by statistical noise the problem is entirely deterministic and amounts to a mathematical inversion of a linear system with positive parameters, subject to positivity constraints on the solution. We show that all such linear inverse problems with positivity restrictions (LININPOS problems for short) can be interpreted as statistical estimation problems from incomplete data based on infinitely large ‘samples’, and that maximum likelihood (ML) estimation and the EM algorithm provide a straightforward method of solution for such problems. This applies to such classical problems as algebraic systems of linear equations, Fredholm's integral equations of the first kind, mixture models, deconvolutions, etc., all with positivity restrictions but with no stochastic components. In connecting the class of LININPOS problems with the corresponding class of ML estimation problems from incomplete data, we unify numerous examples from diverse areas of applications where the EM algorithm has been independently derived over the years, and we present some new opportunities for problems that have previously been unattempted. Examples include signal recovery problems, tomographic reconstructions and optimal investment portfolios, as well as more traditional statistical problems like ML estimation from censored and grouped data, and from incomplete contingency tables. The problem of restoring a ‘true’ image from its linearly distorted version is important in image analysis. Such problems can occur, for example, as a result of lens distortion (e.g. the Hubble space telescope), out-of-focus blur and blur due to relative motion between the subject and the camera during the photographic exposure. These problems often fall in the category of LININPOS problems, in which case the methodology is applicable. We demonstrate it on the problem of deblurring motion.
Accelerating materials property predictions using machine learning (2013)

The materials discovery process can be significantly expedited and simplified if we can learn effectively from available knowledge and data. In the present contribution, we show that efficient and accurate prediction of a diverse set of properties of material systems is possible by employing machine (or statistical) learning methods trained on quantum mechanical computations in combination with the notions of chemical similarity. Using a family of one-dimensional chain systems, we present a general formalism that allows us to discover decision rules that establish a mapping between easily accessible attributes of a system and its properties. It is shown that fingerprints based on either chemo-structural (compositional and configurational information) or the electronic charge density distribution can be used to make ultra-fast, yet accurate, property predictions. Harnessing such learning paradigms extends recent efforts to systematically explore and mine vast chemical spaces, and can significantly accelerate the discovery of new application-specific materials.
Novel non-isolated LLC resonant converters (2012)

In this paper, a novel non-isolated LLC resonant converter is proposed. This converter can achieve most merits of isolated LLC resonant converter, like zero voltage switching and very low turn off loss for all MOSFETs. By non-isolated technique, the turns of transformer can be largely reduced. Meanwhile, the current through secondary windings is also reduced. Thus, the transformer loss is decreased. An 1MHz prototype is built to verify the proposed converter.
Abstract 1915: Simvastatin Regulates Insulin Signaling in Endothelial Cells via Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (2008)

Statins exert pleiotropic effects upon the cardiovascular system, but the role of statins in modulation of insulin signaling remains incompletely defined. In these studies, we explore the effects of simvastatin on insulin pathways in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC), and propose a novel mechanism linking these pathways that involves AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Treatment of BAEC with 100 nM insulin promotes the rapid phosphorylation of Akt (3.8±0.2-fold increase; n=4; p<0.01), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β, 2.7±0.5-fold increase; n=4; p<0.01), as well as that of critical substrates in the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) axis including mTOR (2.8±0.2-fold increase; n=4; p<0.02) and p70S6K (3.2±0.5-fold increase; n=4; p<0.02). However, in cells pretreated with simvastatin (10 μM for 24 hr), these insulin-dependent phosphorylations are significantly attenuated (62±10%, 48±12%, 53±9%, and 58±13% reduction in the phosphorylation of Akt, GSK3β, mTOR, and p70S6K, respectively; p<0.02; n=4). Given our findings on the modulation of these key metabolic enzymes by simvastatin, we explored the effects of insulin and simvastatin on AMPK. We found that insulin promotes a rapid (within minutes) and robust increase in phosphorylation of both AMPK and its substrate acetyl CoA carboxylase (2.5±0.4-fold increase; n=4; p<0.01). Importantly, transfection of BAEC with siRNA targeting AMPK results in enhanced insulin-dependent phosphorylation of Akt (57±9% enhancement compared to cells transfected with control siRNA; n=4; p<0.015), as well as significant increases in phosphorylation of GSK3β, mTOR, and p70S6K (55±12% enhancement; n=4; p<0.02), indicating a key regulatory role for AMPK in insulin-dependent metabolic signaling. Importantly, in cells transfected with AMPK siRNA, simvastatin treatment no longer attenuates insulin signaling to these substrates, suggesting that AMPK is required for the regulation of insulin pathways by statins. Taken together, these results establish that simvastatin modulates critical insulin responses in endothelial cells, and provide new insights into the roles of AMPK in linking insulin- and statin-regulated metabolic signaling pathways in the vascular wall.
Effect of Increased Dialysate Volume on Peritoneal Surface Area among Peritoneal Dialysis Patients (2002)

Large dialysate volumes are often required to increase solute clearance for peritoneal dialysis patients. The resulting increase in solute clearance might be attributable to an increased plasma-to-dialysate concentration gradient and/or to an increased effective peritoneal surface area. One of the factors affecting the latter is the peritoneal surface area in contact with dialysate (PSA-CD). The aim of this study was to estimate the change in PSA-CD after a 50% increase in the instilled dialysate volume for patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. PSA-CD was estimated by using a method applying stereologic techniques to computed tomographic (CT) scans of the peritoneal space. The peritoneal cavity of 10 peritoneal dialysis patients was filled with a solution containing dialysate, half-isotonic saline solution, and contrast medium. Peritoneal function tests and CT scanning of the abdomen were performed twice for each patient (with an interval of 1 wk), after instillation of a 2- or 3-L solution. Scanning of thin helical CT sections was performed, and 36 random sections of the abdomen were obtained after reconstruction. A grid was superimposed on the sections. The surface area was estimated by using stereologic methods. After instillation of the 2-L solution, the volume of the peritoneal solution at the time of CT scanning was 2.32 +/- 0.05 L. The PSA-CD was 0.57 +/- 0.03 m(2), ranging from 0.41 to 0.76 m(2). The use of the 3-L solution increased the peritoneal volume by 46 +/- 2%. PSA-CD increased by 18 +/- 2.3% to 0.67 +/- 0.04 m(2) (range, 0.49 to 0.84 m(2); P < 0.01). Creatinine mass transfer increased from 112 +/- 10 mg to 142 +/- 11 mg (P < 0.0001). The slope of the change of the plasma-to-dialysate creatinine concentration gradient with time decreased from -2.26 +/- 0.23 x 10(-2) to -1.97 +/- 0.16 x 10(-2) (P = 0.01). K(BD-0) (permeability-surface area product or mass area transfer coefficient at time 0 of the dwell) increased from 10.6 +/- 0.7 to 13.6 +/- 1.2 ml/min (P < 0.02). These data demonstrate that increasing the instilled dialysate volume by 50% for peritoneal dialysis patients results in significant increases in the PSA-CD and K(BD).
Comparison of terrestrial DTV transmission systems: the ATSC 8-VSB, the DVB-T COFDM, and the ISDB-T BST-OFDM (2000)

This paper compares the performances of the ATSC 8-VSB, the DVB-T COFDM, and the ISDB-T BST-OFDM digital television terrestrial transmission systems under different impairments and operating conditions. First, a general system level description is presented. It is followed by comparisons based on laboratory test results and theoretical analyzes. The differences in the system threshold definitions are discussed. In addition, a performance and implementation analysis is also presented for the three transmission systems under different network infrastructures, whenever possible, the impact on the broadcasters or consumers is discussed. Possible performance improvements are also identified.
Errata: The Theory of Steady Forces Caused by Sound Waves [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. <b>23,</b> 312 (1951)] (1951)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation P. J. Westervelt; Errata: The Theory of Steady Forces Caused by Sound Waves [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 23, 312 (1951)]. J Acoust Soc Am 1 November 1951; 23 (6): 719. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1906835 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Knowledge-Based Fault Propagation in Building Automation Systems (2016)

This paper describes a knowledge-based approach that can reason about effects of faults and causes of abnormal situations in building automation systems (BAS). Combining an ontology-based building information model (BIM), which models a BAS formally and semantically, with rules encoding expert knowledge, the fault propagation approach can automatically determine causalities in BAS and propagate faults along the causalities in both forward and backward direction. This enables an immediate assessment of potential consequences of faults respectively an analysis of the root cause(s). The fault propagation approach can enhance fault detection and diagnosis by considering BAS as a whole, being aware of the potentially far reaching consequences of faults, instead of just focusing on single pieces of equipment or zones. This provides a better understanding of BAS and improves the decision making and prioritization of the right emergency and maintenance actions.
Patent analysis for technology forecasting: Sector-specific applications (2008)

Although patent analysis is a powerful technique to forecast the future of technology, it is not obvious whether the analysis is applicable to technology forecasting over all industries. Since the strategies of firms to protect their innovation vary among patents and trade secrets according to the characteristics of industries, patent analysis might be inappropriate to some industries. Therefore, this paper aims at improving the usefulness of patent analysis in TF by identifying relevant industries which the patent-based TF can be used in. To this end, first, sectoral differences in patenting activities will be investigated, presenting implications from patent activities, innovation patterns and patent statistics. Second, the applicability of patent trend analysis for technology forecasting will be explored in each industry by applying S-curve fitting with patent data. Finally, the method to improve the performance of patent-based TF will be suggested. The comparison of patent application status will make technology forecasting accurate, considering a time lag between R&D investment and patent application of the technology. This process will provide a good vehicle for precise TF by clarifying the application of patent analysis.
Electrolytic-capacitor-less high-power LED driver (2014)

Conventional topologies for high-power LED drivers with high power factors require large capacitances to mitigate the output current ripples. Electrolytic capacitors are commonly used because they are the only capacitors with sufficient energy density to accommodate high power applications. However, the short life span of electrolytic capacitors significantly reduces the life span of the entire LED lighting fixture, which is undesirable. This paper proposes a single-stage high-power LED driver using ripple compensation concept to minimize the output capacitance requirement, enabling the use of long-life film capacitors. Compared to existing technologies, the proposed circuit achieves zero ripple current through LED lamps and achieves a high power factor and high efficiency. A 100W (150V/0.7A) LED driver prototype was built which demonstrates that the proposed method can achieve the same LED current with only 44μF film capacitors, compared to the 4700μF electrolytic capacitors required in conventional single-stage LED drivers. Meanwhile, the proposed prototype has achieved a peak power efficiency of 92%, benefiting from active clamp technology.
Atmospheric data analysis (1992)

1. Introduction 2. Function fitting 3. The method of successive corrections 4. Statistical interpolation - univariate 5. Statistical interpolation - multivariate 6. The initialisation problem 7. Quasi-geostrophic constraints 8. Variational procedures 9. Normal mode initialisation - theory 10. Normal mode initialisation - applications 11. Dynamic initialisation 12. Continuous data assimilation 13. Future directions Appendixes.