gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biomimetic Cell Culture Proteins as Extracellular Matrices for Stem Cell Differentiation (2012)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTBiomimetic Cell Culture Proteins as Extracellular Matrices for Stem Cell DifferentiationAkon Higuchi*†‡§, Qing-Dong Ling§∥, Shih-Tien Hsu⊥, and Akihiro Umezawa‡View Author Information† Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001 Taiwan‡ Department of Reproductive Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan§ Cathay Medical Research Institute, Cathay General Hospital, No. 32, Ln 160, Jian-Cheng Road, Hsi-Chi City, Taipei, 221 Taiwan∥ Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda RD., Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001 Taiwan⊥ Taiwan Landseed Hospital, 77 Kuangtai Road, Pingjen City, Tao-Yuan County, 32405 Taiwan*Tel.: +866-34227151-34253. Fax: +866-3-2804271. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2012, 112, 8, 4507–4540Publication Date (Web):May 23, 2012Publication History Received14 January 2012Published online23 May 2012Published inissue 8 August 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr3000169https://doi.org/10.1021/cr3000169review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5502Altmetric-Citations120LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Biopolymers,Cells,Differentiation,Extracellular matrix,Scaffolds Get e-Alerts
High-Density Wafer-Scale 3-D Silicon-Photonic Integrated Circuits (2018)

This paper discusses recent advances on the newly developed high-density three-dimensional photonic integrated circuits (3-D PICs). In particular, we introduce our efforts in design, fabrication, and characterization toward a silicon photonic wafer-scale light detection and ranging (LIDAR) system populated by 3-D PIC unit cells. The 3-D PIC unit cell includes vertical U-shaped photonic couplers created by a combination of anisotropic etching, vertical α-silicon via formation, and wafer bonding. Using the U-shaped photonic couplers, the 3-D PIC unit cell forms a 120-channel folded single tile optical phased array (OPA) with 2-μm pitch. Ultracompact vertical U-shaped coupler arrays with 1-μm pitch are also fabricated and tested. The 3-D PIC unit cells will be tiled on a wafer-scale interposer, transmitting and receiving signals through equal-power splitters with pathlength-matched waveguides, and 3-D arbitrarily shaped waveguides or evanescent couplers. Designs of such interposers are shown and low-loss and misalignment tolerant chip-to-interposer coupling using evanescent coupler is demonstrated. Loss values of arbitrarily shaped waveguides fabricated by ultrafast laser inscription on the deposited-SiO2 cladding and their alignment tolerance to conventional silicon nitride edge couplers are reported. A path toward realizing 3-D integrated LIDAR is discussed.
GRASSROOTS ECOLOGY: PLANT–MICROBE–SOIL INTERACTIONS AS DRIVERS OF PLANT COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS (2003)

A growing body of research on plant–microbe interactions in soil is contributing to the development of a new, microbially based perspective on plant community ecology. Soil-dwelling microorganisms are diverse, and interactions with plants vary with respect to specificity, environmental heterogeneity, and fitness impact. Two microbial processes that may exert key influences on plant community structure and dynamics are microbial mediation of niche differentiation in resource use and feedback dynamics between the plant and soil community. The niche differentiation hypothesis is based on observations that soil nutrients occur in different chemical forms, that different enzymes are required for plant access to these nutrients, and that soil microorganisms are a major source of these enzymes. We predict that plant nutrient partitioning arises from differential associations of plant species with microbes able to access different nutrient pools. Feedback dynamics result from changes in the soil community generated by the specificity of response in plant–microbe interactions. We suggest that positive feedback between plants and soil microbes plays a central role in early successional communities, while negative feedback contributes both to species replacements and to diversification in later successional communities. We further suggest that plant–microbe interactions in the soil are an important organizing force for large-scale spatial gradients in species richness. The relative balance of positive feedback (a homogenizing force) and negative feedback (a diversifying force) may contribute to observed latitudinal (and altitudinal) diversity patterns. Empirical tests of these ideas are needed, but a microbially based perspective for plant ecology promises to contribute to our understanding of long-standing issues in ecology, and to reveal new areas of future research.
Decade-Long Profile of Imaging Biomarker Use in Ophthalmic Clinical Trials (2017)

Imaging biomarkers are increasingly used in published CTs in ophthalmology. Additional efforts, including centralized reading centers, are needed to improve their validation and use, allowing a wider use of these tools as primary surrogate endpoints in phase III CTs.
Peripheral blood gene expression profiling for cardiovascular disease assessment (2007)

Whole blood gene expression profiling has the potential to be informative about dynamic changes in disease states and to provide information on underlying disease mechanisms. Having demonstrated proof of concept in animal models, a number of studies have now tried to tackle the complexity of cardiovascular disease in human hosts to develop better diagnostic and prognostic indicators. These studies show that genomic signatures are capable of classifying patients with cardiovascular diseases into finer categories based on the molecular architecture of a patient's disease and more accurately predict the likelihood of a cardiovascular event than current techniques. To highlight the spectrum of potential applications of whole blood gene expression profiling approach in cardiovascular science, we have chosen to review the findings in a number of complex cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension and myocardial infarction as well as thromboembolism, aortic aneurysm, and heart transplant.
Method for Obtaining Streaming Orientation and Simultaneous Determination of Dielectric Properties in Macromolecular Solutions (1953)

A method has been devised for the measurement of the dielectric constant and the specific conductance of aqueous solutions undergoing streaming with velocity gradients between 0 and 10 000 sec−1. The solution to be investigated is placed in the annular space between two concentric cylinders forming the measuring cell. Electrodes are inserted in the walls of the cylinders of which the outer is fixed and the inner is rotated. Two types of cells are used; the electrical field in one case being perpendicular to and in the other case parallel with the stream lines. The impedance of the cell with the solution investigated is determined with a specially constructed Schering bridge making measurements possible in the frequency range 0.05 to 5 megacycles per second and at specific conductances of 1 to 200 μmho per centimeter. The advantage of the bridge circuit employed is that the conductance of the cell is balanced by a variable air condenser, making possible an accuracy of 0.1 percent in the values for both conductance and dielectric constant. Excellent mechanical and electrical stability and a low interference level are necessary for high accuracy. Experiments with solutions of sodium thymonucleate show that the current interpretation of the dielectric properties of macromolecules must be revised. The term streaming dielectric investigations is suggested as a suitable name for studies with the type of instrument described.
Long-Term Impact of Equipment Technology on Labor Productivity in the U.S. Construction Industry at the Activity Level (2004)

In general, U.S. industries have witnessed dramatic changes in core processes over the past 25 years. Well understood technological and managerial advances have allowed the manufacturing sector, for example, to steadily increase its productivity and its profit margins. Similar changes are far less well understood in construction. This research examines 200 construction activities for the effect of technology, specifically equipment technology, on their labor productivity from 1976 to 1998. During that time period, changes in equipment technology are measured using a technology index consisting of five technology change factors. Through analysis of variance and regression analyses, it is found that activities experiencing significant changes in equipment technology have witnessed substantially greater long-term improvements in labor productivity than those that have not experienced a change in equipment technology. This research also reveals that changes in (1) energy, (2) control, and (3) functional range are significantly and positively correlated with improvements in labor productivity.
Design and performance of the GaAs FET (1970)

See abstr. B25052 of 1970.
Slow release of active chlorine and bromine from styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers bearing N,N-dichlorosulfonamide, N-chloro-N-alkylsulfonamide and N-bromo-N-alkylsulfonamide functional groups. Polymer-supported reagents. 6 (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSlow release of active chlorine and bromine from styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers bearing N,N-dichlorosulfonamide, N-chloro-N-alkylsulfonamide and N-bromo-N-alkylsulfonamide functional groups. Polymer-supported reagents. 6David W. EmersonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1991, 30, 11, 2426–2430Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00059a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00059a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views157Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Controlled Synthesis of Large‐Scale, Uniform, Vertically Standing Graphene for High‐Performance Field Emitters (2012)

Large-scale, uniform, vertically standing graphene with atomically thin edges are controllably synthesized on copper foil using a microwave-plasma chemical vapor deposition system. A growth mechanism for this system is proposed. This film shows excellent field-emission properties, with low turn-on field of 1.3 V μm(-1) , low threshold field of 3.0 V μm(-1) and a large field-enhancement factor more than 10 000.
Left-right pattern of cardiac <i>BMP4</i> may drive asymmetry of the heart in zebrafish (1997)

The first evident break in left-right symmetry of the primitive zebrafish heart tube is the shift in pattern of BMP4 expression from radially symmetric to left-predominant. The midline heart tube then 'jogs' to the left and subsequently loops to the right. We examined 279 mutations, affecting more than 200 genes, and found 21 mutations that perturb this process. Some cause BMP4 to remain radially symmetric. Others randomize the asymmetric BMP4 pattern. Retention of BMP4 symmetry is associated with failure to jog: right-predominance of the BMP4 pattern is associated with reversal of the direction of jogging and looping. Raising BMP4 diffusely throughout the heart, via sonic hedgehog injection, or the blocking of its action by injection of a dominant negative BMP4 receptor, prevent directional jogging or looping. The genes crucial to directing cardiac asymmetry include a subset of those needed for patterning the dorsoventral axis and for notochord and ventral spinal cord development. Thus, the pattern of cardiac BMP4 appears to be in the pathway by which the heart interprets lateralizing signals from the midline.
Underwater wireless communications and networks: theory and application: Part 1 [Guest Editorial] (2015)

The Earth is a water planet, two-thirds of which is covered by water. With the rapid developments in technology, underwater communications has become a fast growing field, with broad applications in commercial and military water based systems. The need for underwater wireless communications exists in applications such as remote control in the off-shore oil industry, pollution monitoring in environmental systems, collection of scientific data from ocean-bottom stations, disaster detection and early warning, national security and defense (intrusion detection and underwater surveillance), as well as new resource discovery. Thus, the research of new underwater wireless communication techniques has played the most important role in the exploration of oceans and other aquatic environments. In contrast with terrestrial wireless radio communications, the communication channels in underwater wireless networks can be seriously affected by the marine environment, by noise, and by limited bandwidth and power resources, and by the harsh underwater ambient conditions. Hence, the underwater communication channel often exhibits severe attenuation, multipath effect, frequency dispersion, and constrained bandwidth and power resources, etc., which turn the underwater communication channel into one of the most complex and harsh wireless channels in nature. When facing these unique conditions in diverse underwater applications, many new challenges, which were not encountered in terrestrial wireless communications, are emerging in underwater acoustic, optical, and RF communications for future underwater wireless networks. Of these challenges, acoustic and optical are the most compelling, and somewhat complementary, owing to the potential for longer range and high bandwidth networked communications in sizeand power-constrained modems and unmanned systems.
Biological Fouling of Fine Bubble Diffusers: State‐of‐Art (1983)

This paper reviews the current state‐of‐understanding of biological fouling of fine bubble diffusers. Results of a survey conducted in the United Kingdom and United States which implicates biological sliming as a major cause of fine bubble diffuser clogging are reviewed. Factors contributing to the bioclogging of diffusers are discussed in light of current studies. Newly developed methods for the analysis of diffuser fouling both in the laboratory and the field are described. Included are procedures for the laboratory measurement of specific permeability, diffuser bubble release pressure, dynamic wet pressure and air flow profiles over the diffuser. Illustrations of these test methods are cited for one plant experiencing severe biofouling.
Advanced video extensometer for non-contact, real-time, high-accuracy strain measurement (2016)

We developed an advanced video extensometer for non-contact, real-time, high-accuracy strain measurement in material testing. In the established video extensometer, a "near perfect and ultra-stable" imaging system, combining the idea of active imaging with a high-quality bilateral telecentric lens, is constructed to acquire high-fidelity video images of the test sample surface, which is invariant to ambient lighting changes and small out-of-plane motions occurred between the object surface and image plane. In addition, an efficient and accurate inverse compositional Gauss-Newton algorithm incorporating a temporal initial guess transfer scheme and a high-accuracy interpolation method is employed to achieve real-time, high-accuracy displacement tracking with negligible bias error. Tensile tests of an aluminum sample and a carbon fiber filament sample were performed to demonstrate the efficiency, repeatability and accuracy of the developed advanced video extensometer. The results indicate that longitudinal and transversal strains can be estimated and plotted at a rate of 117 fps and with a maximum strain error less than 30 microstrains.
Higher-Order Curvature and Local Solvability of <i>D</i> <sub>θ</sub> (1973)

Let E and F be vector bundles and D:E --> F an operator of order k. We associate a sequence of invariants ((l))(D), l >/= 0 with D which generalize the concept of curvature in a natural way. In the case where D = D(theta) is the differential operator of a connection theta on a vector bundle E, ((1))(D(theta)) is the classical curvature. Furthermore, we find an interesting geometric interpretation for ((2))(D(theta)). Finally, given regularity assumptions, we find, with the aid of these invariants, necessary and sufficient conditions for local solvability of D(theta).
The Flavor, Volatile Acidity, and Soluble Protein of Cheddar and other Cheese (1947)

The method of manufacturing Cheddar cheese has been known for many generations. About 50 years ago scientists began an intensive study of the factors affecting the flavor of this cheese with the idea that the source and identity of the flavoring substances could be established. Although much scientific knowledge has been accumulated from these studies, the specific flavoring materials are still unknown. The present trend toward the manufacture of Cheddar cheese from pasteurized milk has accentuated the need for this knowledge, as pasteurized milk cheese has less flavor and slightly different characteristics than that found in raw milk cheese.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Aldol Reactions Using β‐Keto Imide Derived Enolates. A Versatile Approach to the Assemblage of Polypropionate Systems. (1990)

Abstract Aldol reactions of the β‐ketoimide (I) with the aldehydes (II) in the presence of Sn‐triflate predominantly gives the adducts (III) whereas the diastereomers (IV) are formed nearly exclusively from (I) and (II) in the presence of TiCl 4 .
Tall Fescue Toxicosis (2000)

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) is Missouri's most widely used forage crop. It is insect and nematode resistant, tolerates poor soil and climatic conditions well and has a long growing season. Unfortunately, tall fescue also has a downside. Most tall fescue in the state is infected with a fungal endophyte, Neotyphodium coenophialum (formerly called Acremonium coenophialum) that is toxic to animals. This publication offers a description of the endophyte as well as recommendations for its management.
[Research advances of small-diameter vascular grafts]. (2005)

This review is a summary of some useful methods and advances about improving clinical applications to small-diameter vascular grafts in recent years, and it points out the developing orientation of small-diameter vascular grafts in the future.
Benjamin Franklin's Legacy: Printed Materials from Before 1870 Relating to Chinese Culture, Geography, Language, and Science at the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia (1986)

Bcnjamin Franklin has been associated with many things, but rarely with China.An examination of The PaDers of Benjamin Franklin (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1959 to date), however, reveals numerous examples of Franklin's sinological interests.Ginseng, language and writing, population statistics, silk, windmills and Chinese industry and frugality
Facile Chemical Functionalization of Proteins through Intein-Linked Yeast Display (2013)

Intein-mediated expressed protein ligation (EPL) permits the site-specific chemical customization of proteins. While traditional techniques have used purified, soluble proteins, we have extended these methods to release and modify intein fusion proteins expressed on the yeast surface, thereby eliminating the need for soluble protein expression and purification. To this end, we sought to simultaneously release yeast surface-displayed proteins and selectively conjugate with chemical functionalities compatible with EPL and click chemistry. Single-chain antibodies (scFv) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) were displayed on the yeast surface as fusions to the N-terminus of the Mxe GyrA intein. ScFv and GFP were released from the yeast surface with either a sulfur nucleophile (MESNA) or a nitrogen nucleophile (hydrazine) linked to an azido group. The hydrazine azide permitted the simultaneous release and azido functionalization of displayed proteins, but nonspecific reactions with other yeast proteins were detected, and cleavage efficiency was limited. In contrast, MESNA released significantly more protein from the yeast surface while also generating a unique thioester at the carboxy-terminus of the released protein. These protein thioesters were subsequently reacted with a cysteine alkyne in an EPL reaction and then employed in an azide-alkyne cycloaddition to immobilize the scFv and GFP on an azide-decorated surface with >90% site-specificity. Importantly, the immobilized proteins retained their activity. Since yeast surface display is also a protein engineering platform, these approaches provide a particularly powerful tool for the rapid assessment of engineered proteins.
Gene Therapy Targeting in the Central Nervous System (2003)

Targeted gene therapy aims at achieving the expression of therapeutic transgenes in specific and restricted cell populations, thus sparing all other cells of the unwanted effects of the gene product. This strategy is particularly appealing for therapy of the central nervous system (CNS), where many different cell types exist, and where the inappropriate expression of a molecule can produce grave consequences. To accomplish the objectives of targeted gene therapy, two different approaches have been developed. The first one consists in creating vectors that will deliver the transgene exclusively to the selected cells, that is manipulating the transductional capacities of the vector, and the second one is based on the transcriptional properties of the transgene, so that it will only be expressed in cells where the appropriate transcriptional machinery is present. Reaching the goals of targeted gene expression will greatly increase the specificity and safety of gene therapy, thus getting us closer to the fulfillment of the expectations generated by this new branch of molecular medicine.