gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Securing Routing in Open Networks Using Secure Traceroute (2004)

Abstract — We consider the threat imposed on network routing in “open ” networks such as community wireless networks. The key characteristic of such networks is that it is relatively easy for users (and attackers) to add routers, establish (possibly wireless) links, and advertise routes. We argue that the traditional focus on securing the routing protocol is insufficient to address the threats arising in this environment. It is also important to secure packet forwarding. To this end, we apply a secure traceroute protocol to detect and localize faulty packet forwarding, which can aid problem resolution either via automatic rerouting or via human action. We present a security analysis of the protocol, discuss our implementation of it in a community wireless network testbed, and show that secure traceroute imposes a negligible overhead on performance. I.
Thermal Conductivity Analysis and Lifetime Testing of Suspension Plasma-Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings (2014)

Suspension plasma spraying (SPS) has become an interesting method for the production of thermal barrier coatings for gas turbine components. The development of the SPS process has led to structures with segmented vertical cracks or column-like structures that can imitate strain-tolerant air plasma spraying (APS) or electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) coatings. Additionally, SPS coatings can have lower thermal conductivity than EB-PVD coatings, while also being easier to produce. The combination of similar or improved properties with a potential for lower production costs makes SPS of great interest to the gas turbine industry. This study compares a number of SPS thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) with vertical cracks or column-like structures with the reference of segmented APS coatings. The primary focus has been on lifetime testing of these new coating systems. Samples were tested in thermo-cyclic fatigue at temperatures of 1100 °C for 1 h cycles. Additional testing was performed to assess thermal shock performance and erosion resistance. Thermal conductivity was also assessed for samples in their as-sprayed state, and the microstructures were investigated using SEM.
Cell contacts are required for induction by cortisol of glutamine synthetase gene transcription in the retina. (1988)

In embryonic neural retina the enzyme glutamine synthetase [GS; L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming), EC 6.3.1.2] is a glia-specific differentiation marker inducible with cortisol. We show that cortisol elicits GS mRNA accumulation by stimulating transcription of the GS gene and that this stimulation requires cell contacts: in dissociated and separated retina cells GS gene transcription was not induced; when the separated cells were reassembled into multicellular aggregates, restoring cell contacts, accumulation of GS mRNA was again inducible. In cells dissociated from retina tissue that had been preinduced with cortisol, GS gene transcription rapidly declined, despite continued hormone availability. In the separated cells transcription of the histone H3.3 gene and accumulation of carbonic anhydrase II mRNA were unaffected; therefore, cell separation selectively precluded induction of the GS gene. These findings provide direct evidence for the regulatory role of cell contacts in hormonal control of gene transcription.
Delay analysis of tree conflict resolution algorithm with and without broadcast reservation using random or pseudo random addressing (2002)

An analysis is made of the performance of tree conflict resolution algorithms. A system with a finite number of users is considered, and each user provides buffers to store backlogged packets. In particular, the delay and system capacity of Capetanakis's original tree protocol (1979) and the broadcast reservation (BR) protocol using both random and pseudo random addressing are studied. Due to the nature of random access, the maximum throughput is low (only 0.348 for the original tree protocol). To improve it, the BR protocol combines the original tree protocol with the idea of demand assignment and yields very good delay-throughput. For the tree protocols, the random addressing scheme is fair but less efficient than deterministic addressing. To have fair and efficient addressing, an addressing scheme called pseudo random addressing is studied. It is as efficient as deterministic addressing and yet as fair as random addressing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Net Benefits: The Ecological Restoration of Inland Fisheries in Bangladesh (2007)

The Centre for Natural Resources Studies (CNRS), since 1992, has implemented community-based environmental restoration projects in Bangladesh that seek to protect and renew floodplain ecosystems. These efforts grew out of a situation where the country's aquatic resources were under assault by massive flood control projects. The CNRS strategy was inspired by research showing that the rural poor in Bangladesh rely on a rich diversity of fish species for their diets and livelihoods. Most of these fish species depend on the annual inundation of flood waters for their reproduction and growth. Yet these crucial social and biological realities were either unseen or ignored by the leading development agencies concerned with water management, flood control and fisheries in Bangladesh. The CNRS projects have shown that an alternative strategy, based on investment in ecological restoration, can benefit both the fish and people.
Effect of External Geometry of Reinforcement on the Fatigue Strength of a Walded Joint (1971)

Low alloy high tensile steels are of limited use in welded structures under alternating load, because welded joints in those steels have not greater fatigue strength than similar joints in mild steels. It has been believed that a metallurgical factor is responsible for the low fatigue strength of the welded joint.Nevertheless it has been made clear recently that all metallurgical microstructures in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of welds are not weak to fatigue and not very notch-sensitive. Only in the welded joint of larger heat-input than the proper welded condition for the steel, the softening zone of HAZ may decrease the fatigue strength by a few kg/mm2.In order to examine the effect of the external geometry of welded joints, investigations were carried out using simulated weld reinforcement specimens. In these previous papers, the external geometry of reinforcement was not carefully observed, so that the effect of a very small toe radius upon the fatigue strength has been ignored. A reduction in the fatigue strength as large as 70% remained unclarified.The present research was devoted to studying the effect of the external geometry of the reinforcement on fatigue strength. For this purpose, a careful observation of the external geometry of the toe of the reinforcement was performed. It was found that the acute flank angle θ ranged from about 20 to 60 deg and the radius of curvature R at the toe of the reinforcement ranged from about 10 to 0.02 mm. Fatigue tests under pulsating tension were conducted on simulated butt-welded specimens of weldable high tensile steel. The profile of the weld reinforcement was controlled by varying θ and R. How the geometry of the reinforcement toe influences the fatigue strength of the welded joint has been revealed. The stress concentration factor at the toe of the reinforcement with 60 deg flank angle and 0.02 mm toe radius, affecting the fatigue crack initiation, was deduced from photo-eastic experiments and determined to be 3.5 by the finite element method. The fatigue notch factor of the mild steel was 1.9 and that of 80 kg/mm2 class high tensile steel was 3.2 for the stress concentration factor of 3.5. From these values, the butt-welded joint in these steels can be explained well.The main reason for the very poor fatigue strength of the welded joint is the stress concentration associated with the severe discontinuity of the external geometry at the toe of the weld reinforcement.
Ideal Bootstrapping and Exact Recombination: Applications to Auction Experiments (2009)

We provide simple formulas that can be used to calculate ideal bootstrap or exact recombination estimates of group statistics from experimental data. When resampling is done over small numbers of groups, the ideal bootstrap is more accurate than the exact recombinant estimate, however the former is biased. For large sample sizes there is no discernable difference between the two approaches and both produce estimates that are more accurate than those obtained from observed group outcomes. 1
Insulin resistance and bariatric surgery (2011)

The objective of this article is to systematically review the changes in insulin resistance after various types of bariatric surgical procedures. A Pubmed and EMBASE search for studies measuring insulin resistance before and after bariatric surgery was done and all original research articles from 1980 to present (2011) were included. Only the currently widely performed bariatric procedures were included. A meta-analysis of change in HOMA-IR was conducted, grouping studies with similar duration of follow-up. The percentage decrease in HOMA-IR at <=2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and >16-18 months was found to be (mean ± standard error) -33.48 ± 5.78, -46.43 ± 6.99, -38.79 ± 9.64, -58.62 ± 7.38, -44.91 ± 7.98 and -67.04 ± 10.78%, respectively. RYGB (gastric bypass) and BPD (biliopancreatic diversion) produced a significant decrease in insulin resistance at 2 weeks after surgery, while LSG (sleeve gastrectomy) was strongly trending. LSG produced an earlier decrease in insulin resistance when compared to LAGB (gastric banding). RYGB, BPD and LSG produce an early decrease in insulin resistance through yet unknown mechanisms.
The polysaccharides of green, red and brown seaweeds: Their basic structure, biosynthesis and function (1979)

(1979). The polysaccharides of green, red and brown seaweeds: Their basic structure, biosynthesis and function. British Phycological Journal: Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 103-117.
Effect of tamoxifen and retinoic acid on bradykinin induced proliferation in MCF‐7 cells (2008)

Chemopreventive approaches for the treatment of breast cancer have been validated clinically and with in vitro studies. The combined action of tamoxifen/all-trans retinoic acid was advantageous in MCF-7 cells, reducing cell proliferation, Bcl-2 and c-Myc protein levels and increasing E-Cadherin protein levels and Gap junctional Intercellular Communication. We further investigated their combined effect in the presence of bradykinin, a pro-inflammatory agent, previously reported to contribute to the proliferation of breast cancer cells. Bradykinin increased MCF-7 cell proliferation, c-Myc levels and ERK1/2 activity. The co-incubation of bradykinin-MCF-7 cells with tamoxifen/all-trans retinoic acid reduced cell proliferation, ERK1/2 activity, as well as Bcl-2, c-Myc, and bradykinin receptor-2 levels, without altering the enhanced E-cadherin levels induced by tamoxifen/all-trans retinoic acid. We showed that the anti-tumoral effect of tamoxifen/all-trans retinoic acid is beneficial in MCF-7 breast cancer cells grown in a bradykinin-pro-mitogenic environment, an effect that might be, at least in part, through the MAPK pathway and B2-bradykinin receptor inhibition.
A Novel DBA Scheme for TDM-PON based Mobile Fronthaul (2014)

We propose a mobile-DBA with low-latency for a TDM-PON based mobile fronthaul. It utilizes mobile-scheduling information and reduces the latency to about 1/20 of conventional one. Measured latencies (< 50 µs) are enough for LTE.
Edge detection methods (2015)

Edge detection is a type of image segmentation techniques which determines the presence of an edge or line in an image and outlines them in an appropriate way. The main purpose of edge detection is to simplify the image data in order to minimize the amount of data to be processed. Generally, an edge is defined as the boundary pixels that connect two separate regions with changing image amplitude attributes such as different constant luminance and tristimulus values in an image. In this paper, we present methods for edge segmentation of images; we used five techniques for this category; Sobel operator technique, Prewitt technique, Laplacian technique, Canny technique, Roberts technique, and they are compared with one another so as to choose the best technique for edge detection segment image. These techniques applied on one image to choose base guesses for segmentation or edge detection image. In this paper an attempt is made to study the performance of most commonly used edge detection techniques for image segmentation and also the comparison of these techniques is carried out with an experiment by using MATLAB software. We will use the edges to find congruence between objects.
A Key ABA Catabolic Gene, OsABA8ox3, Is Involved in Drought Stress Resistance in Rice (2015)

Expressions of ABA biosynthesis genes and catabolism genes are generally co-regulated in plant development and responses to environmental stress. Up-regulation of OsNCED3 gene, a key gene in ABA biosynthesis, has been suggested as a way to enhance plant drought resistance but little is known for the role of ABA catabolic genes during drought stress. In this study, we found that OsABA8ox3 was the most highly expressed gene of the OsABA8ox family in rice leaves. Expression of OsABA8ox3 was promptly induced by rehydration after PEG-mimic dehydration, a tendency opposite to the changes of ABA level. We therefore constructed rice OsABA8ox3 silencing (RNA interference, RNAi) and overexpression plants. There were no obvious phenotype differences between the transgenic seedlings and wild type under normal condition. However, OsABA8ox3 RNAi lines showed significant improvement in drought stress tolerance while the overexpression seedlings were hypersensitive to drought stress when compared with wild type in terms of plant survival rates after 10 days of unwatering. Enzyme activity analysis indicated that OsABA8ox3 RNAi plants had higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and less malondialdehyde (MDA) content than those of wild type when the plants were exposed to dehydration treatment, indicating a better anti-oxidative stress capability and less membrane damage. DNA microarray and real-time PCR analysis under dehydration treatment revealed that expressions of a group of stress/drought-related genes, i.e. LEA genes, were enhanced with higher transcript levels in OsABA8ox3 RNAi transgenic seedlings. We therefore conclude that that OsABA8ox3 gene plays an important role in controlling ABA level and drought stress resistance in rice.
Image communication over noisy channels with feedback (1999)

When a feedback channel is available from the receiver to the transmitter, adaptive schemes for source-channel coding can be used for image transmission. In this paper we see that the use of embedded source codes and embedded channel codes, when combined in a hybrid ARQ protocol, can provide the desired flexibility at high efficiency, low complexity and low feedback channel usage. We propose optimized schemes for transmission over Gilbert-Elliot channels, with and without constraints on the feedback channel usage. We observe that the end-to-end quality of the received image can be improved significantly by a moderate use of feedback.
On methods for maximum a posteriori image reconstruction with a normal prior (1992)

In previous publications we proposed, in the area of Positron Emission Tomography (PET), the use of a Maximum A posteriori Probability (MAP) optimization criterion with a particular normal prior which enforces smoothness on the resulting reconstructions. Two iterative algorithms were previously proposed to optimize this functional: one was known to converge to the desired reconstruction but was slow, while for the other it was found experimentally that, although it always appeared to converge an order of magnitude faster than the first one on examples realistic for PET, it could be made to diverge on artificial examples. In this paper we present an algorithm which is as fast as the second of these previously proposed algorithms, but it shares with the first the desirable property that it is guaranteed to converge to the reconstruction which is optimal according to our MAP criterion. We demonstrate the behavior of the algorithm on a variety of examples.
General and physical chemistry (1923)

H. M. Dawson, Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem., 1923, 20, 1 DOI: 10.1039/AR9232000001
Altered iron metabolism in HIV infection: mechanisms, possible consequences, and proposals for management. (1996)

The progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection toward its more advanced stages is accompanied by increasing body iron stores. Iron accumulates in macrophages, microglia, endothelial cells, and myocytes. The iron burden is especially heavy in bone marrow, brain white matter, muscle, and liver. Excess iron potentially enhances oxidative stress, impairs several already compromised immune defense mechanisms, and directly promotes the growth of microbial cells. Thus, we hypothesize that the prevention (or at least, reduction) of iron loading might slow the progression of the infectious complications of HIV infection, and perhaps indirectly, the HIV infection itself. A twofold strategy is proposed, consisting of (a) limitation of iron intake through the alimentary, parenteral, and respiratory routes, and (b) possibly the use of iron chelator drugs that could decrease the iron burden, redistribute the metal to the erythroblasts, and suppress the growth of microorganisms. This approach is still to be considered as hypothetical. However, the available data suggest that there is an urgent need for careful clinical studies to clarify the role of iron status on the course of HIV infection.
Radiation Grafting of Hydrophilic Monomers onto Polyester (1973)

Radiation grafting of acrylic acid and 4-vinylpyridine at room temperature has been studied by an impregnation method to improve the hygroscopic properties, the antistatic behavior and the dyeability of polyester fabric. Polyester fabric was impregnated with acrylic acid or aqueous emulsion of acrylic acid-4-vinylpyridine by immersion at 25or 7. The impregnated fabric was irradiated under nitrogen gas with -rays from Co-60. When acrylic acid grafted polyester fabric was treated with sodium carbonate, calcium acetate and potassium persulfate, tne rate of water absorption was increased and most parts of polyacrylic acid formed were extracted off from the fabric with 0.1% solution of sodium hydroxide at 10. In the case of the impregnation of a mixture of acrylic acid and 4-vinylpyridine the petcent of grafting has been shown to be proportional to the ratio of 4-VP/AA and radiation dost. Estimating by contact angle measurements of water on the various polymer surfaces, the antistatic behavior was decreased with the increase of grafting percent. The investigation of electron micrograph disclosed the existence of certain type of discontinuities in the acrylic acid grafted polyester fiber which was treated with various salts.
High Temperature Thermoplastic Additive Manufacturing Using Low-Cost, Open-Source Hardware (2016)

Additive manufacturing (or 3D printing) via Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), also known as Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), is a process where material is placed in specific locations layer-by-layer to create a complete part. Printers designed for FFF build parts by extruding a thermoplastic filament from a nozzle in a predetermined path. Originally developed for commercial printers, 3D printing via FFF has become accessible to a much larger community of users since the introduction of Reprap printers. These low-cost, desktop machines are typically used to print prototype parts or novelty items. As the adoption of desktop sized 3D printers broadens, there is increased demand for these machines to produce functional parts that can withstand harsher conditions such as high temperature and mechanical loads. Materials meeting these requirements tend to possess better mechanical properties and higher glass transition temperatures (Tg), thus requiring printers with high temperature printing capability. This report outlines the problems and solutions, and includes a detailed description of the machine design, printing parameters, and processes specific to high temperature thermoplastic 3D printing.
Perturbation of BRD4 Protein Function by BRD4-NUT Protein Abrogates Cellular Differentiation in NUT Midline Carcinoma (2011)

NUT midline carcinoma (NMC) belongs to a class of highly lethal and poorly differentiated epithelial cancers arising mainly in human midline organs. NMC is caused by the chromosome translocation-mediated fusion of the NUT (nuclear protein in testis) gene on chromosome 15 to a few other genes, most frequently the BRD4 gene on chromosome 19. The mechanism by which the BRD4-NUT fusion product blocks NMC cellular differentiation and contributes to oncogenesis remains elusive. In this study, we show that BRD4-NUT and BRD4 colocalize in discrete nuclear foci that are hyperacetylated but transcriptionally inactive. BRD4-NUT recruits histone acetyltransferases to induce histone hyperacetylation in these chromatin foci, which provide docking sites for accumulation of additional BRD4 and associated P-TEFB (positive transcription elongation factor b) complexes in the transcriptionally inactive BRD4-NUT foci. These molecular events lead to repression of a BRD4·P-TEFB downstream target gene c-fos, a component of activator protein 1 (AP-1), that directly regulates epithelial differentiation. Knockdown of BRD4-NUT in NMC cells disperses the transcriptionally inactive chromatin foci and releases the transcriptional activators to stimulate c-fos expression, leading to restoration of cellular differentiation. Our study provides a novel mechanism by which the BRD4-NUT oncogene perturbs BRD4 functions to block cellular differentiation and to contribute to the oncogenic progression in the highly aggressive NMC.
Diverse Functions of Restriction-Modification Systems in Addition to Cellular Defense (2013)

Restriction-modification (R-M) systems are ubiquitous and are often considered primitive immune systems in bacteria. Their diversity and prevalence across the prokaryotic kingdom are an indication of their success as a defense mechanism against invading genomes. However, their cellular defense function does not adequately explain the basis for their immaculate specificity in sequence recognition and nonuniform distribution, ranging from none to too many, in diverse species. The present review deals with new developments which provide insights into the roles of these enzymes in other aspects of cellular function. In this review, emphasis is placed on novel hypotheses and various findings that have not yet been dealt with in a critical review. Emerging studies indicate their role in various cellular processes other than host defense, virulence, and even controlling the rate of evolution of the organism. We also discuss how R-M systems could have successfully evolved and be involved in additional cellular portfolios, thereby increasing the relative fitness of their hosts in the population.