gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IR-Induced Second Harmonic Generation in Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>−BaF<sub>2</sub>−PbCl<sub>2</sub> Glasses (2003)

Theoretically predicted and experimentally confirmed occurrence of infrared-induced second harmonic generation for glasses in the middle infrared spectral region is described by fifth-order nonlinear optical susceptibility. This effect is observed in the middle-IR region when the value of the electronic energy gap is comparable to the energies of actual phonons participating in the anharmonic (noncentrosymmetric) electron−phonon interactions. As a subject for the investigations, Sb2Te3−BaF2−PbCl2 glasses were chosen because they are transparent in the spectral range of 0.8−10.1 μm. The second harmonic generation (SHG) output signal within the 1.5−4.8 μm spectral range demonstrated a significant spectral dependence. Correlation of the SHG spectral dependences with spectral positions of the anharmonic phonon frequencies confirms that the fifth-order steady-state process occurs as a result of both the cascading processes and IR-induced charge density noncentrosymmetry. A maximum value of the SHG is achieved at a pump−probe delay time of about 20 ps, which is typical for the anharmonic electron−phonon interactions.
Calcium Antagonists Prevent Monocyte and Endothelial Cell-Induced Modification of Low Density Lipoproteins (1991)

Low density lipoprotein (LDL) incubated in the presence of the calcium antagonists verapamil, nifedipine and flunarizine were more resistant than control LDL to human monocyte- or endothelial cell-induced modification, as assessed by electrophoretic mobility in agarose gel, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance content, and degradation by J774 macrophages. The efficiency of the drugs was: flunarizine greater than nifedipine greater than verapamil. Moreover, a 24 h preculture with calcium antagonists significantly impaired the ability of cells to modify LDL in the absence of the drugs. All the studied drugs also inhibited copper-induced autooxidation of LDL. None of the studied calcium antagonists, at concentrations up to 10(-4) M, significantly reacted with free radicals as assessed by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl test. It is suggested that such a protective effect of calcium antagonists against LDL peroxidation could play a role in the previously reported antiatherogenic effect of these drugs.
<i>Bifidobacterium</i><i>animalis</i> subsp. <i>lactis</i> BB-12 Administration in Early Childhood: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Effects on Oral Colonization by Mutans Streptococci and the Probiotic (2012)

A randomized clinical trial studied the effects of early administration of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 (BB-12) on oral colonization of (1) mutans streptococci (MS), and (2) BB-12. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, infants (n = 106) received probiotic bacteria (BB-12 group), xylitol (X group), or sorbitol (S group). Test tablets were administered twice a day (from the age of 1-2 months) with a novel slow-release pacifier or a spoon (daily dose of BB-12 10(10) CFU, polyol 200-600 mg). Samples were collected from mucosa/teeth at the age of 8 months and 2 years for BB- 12 determination (qPCR) and plate culturing of MS (MSB, TYCSB), lactobacilli (Rogosa) and yeasts (Sabouraud). The MS levels of the mothers were determined (Dentocult SM Strip Mutans). The baseline characteristics of the three groups were similar. Mean duration of tablet delivery was 14.9 ± 6.7 months. In all groups, >90% of the mothers showed high MS counts (log CFU ≥5). MS colonization percentages of the children at the age of 2 years were rather low (BB-12 group: 6%; X group: 31%; S group: 10%; p < 0.05). The levels of lactobacilli and yeasts did not differ between the groups. BB-12 cell counts barely exceeding the detection limit were found in three of the oral samples of the 8-month-old children; however, the 2-year samples did not contain BB-12. The early administration of BB-12 did not result in permanent oral colonization of this probiotic or significantly affect MS colonization in the children.
Mechanism of protein salting in and salting out by divalent cation salts: balance between hydration and salt binding (1984)

The preferential interactions of proteins with solvent components were studied in concentrated aqueous solutions of the sulfate, acetate, and chloride salts of Mg2+, Ba2+, Ca2+, Mn2+ and Ni2+ [except for CaSO4, BaSO4, Mn-(OAc)2, and Ni(OAc)2], and results were compared with those of the Na+ salts. It was found that, for all the salts, the preferential hydration increased in the order of Cl- less than CH3-COO- less than SO42- regardless of the cationic species used, in agreement with the anionic lyotropic series, and that the same parameter exhibited a tendency to increase in the order of Mn2+, Ni2+ less than Ca2+, Ba2+ less than Mg2+ less than Na+. The salting-out and stabilizing or salting-in and destabilizing effectiveness of the salts were interpreted in terms of the observed preferential interactions. The surface tension increment of salts, which is a major factor responsible for the preferential interactions of the Na+ salts, had no correlation with those of the divalent cation salts. It was shown that the binding of divalent cations to the proteins overcomes the salt exclusion due to the surface tension increase, leading to a decrease in the preferential hydration. In conformity with this mechanism, the preferential interaction of MgCl2 was strongly pH dependent, because of the protein charge-dependent affinity of Mg2+ for proteins, while NaCl showed no pH dependence of the preferential interaction. The proposed mechanism was supported by a strong correlation between the preferential interaction results and the interaction of these salts with the model peptide compound acetyltetraglycine ethyl ester, described by Robinson and Jencks.
Design of Advanced Heat-transfer fluids for CSP. (2011)

Abstract not provided.
A Novel Thermal Management for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles (2005)

Assuring the right temperature in battery compartments of an electric or hybrid vehicle is crucial for the safe operation and the achievement of optimal performance of the batteries. This paper is about the design, fabrication, and testing of a novel system for thermal management for electric/hybrid vehicles. This system is based on Peltier-effect heat pumps. The experiment results show the applicability of this type of technology for the thermal management for this type of vehicles.
Evolution of POMC: origin, phylogeny, posttranslational processing, and the melanocortins (2011)

The proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene was most likely derived from an ancestral opioid-coding gene following the 1R chordate genome duplication event. During the radiation of the jawless fish, the POMC organization plan emerged multiple melanocortin sequences (α-MSH/ACTH and β-MSH) and a C-terminally extended opioid sequence (β-endorphin). Following the 2R genome duplication event, the γ-MSH sequence was gained. Among the jawed vertebrates, three distinct trends in the evolution of the POMC gene are apparent: the gain of the δ-MSH sequence (cartilaginous fish), the loss of the γ-MSH sequence (ray-finned fish), and the retention of the post 2R POMC organization plan (lobe-finned fish/tetrapods). POMC is synthesized in the pituitary gland and in neurons of the hypothalamus, where an array of posttranslational processing mechanisms, such as endoproteolytic cleavage and N-acetylation, generate distinct sets of end-products in these tissues. A striking feature of the melanocortin end-products is the rigorous conservation of the primary sequence of α-MSH and the first 25 amino acids of ACTH.
Query Optimization Using Case-Based Reasoning in Ubiquitous Environments (2009)

Query optimization is a widely studied problem, a variety of query optimization techniques have been suggested. These approaches are presented in the framework of classical query evaluation procedures that rely upon cost models heavily dependent on metadata (e.g. statistics and cardinality estimates) and that typically are restricted to execution time estimation. There are computational environments where metadata acquisition and support is very expensive. Additionally, execution time is not the only optimization objective of interest. A ubiquitous computing environment is an appropriate example where classical query optimization techniques are not useful any more. In order to solve this problem, this article presents a query optimization technique based on learning, particularly on case-based reasoning. Given a query, the knowledge acquired from previous experiences is exploited in order to propose reasonable solutions. It is possible to learn from each new experience in order to suggest better solutions to solve future queries.
A New Synthesis of 3-Arylthioindoles (1988)

The reaction of the anions of indoles with diaryl disulfides in dimethylformamide at room temperature gives the 3-arylthioindoles in 59-91% yield.
Activity of ertapenem and other antimicrobials against ESBL-producing enterobacteria isolated from urine in patients from Madrid. (2007)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of ertapenem and other antimicrobials against extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing enterobacteria isolated from patients' urine samples at 4 community healthcare centers in the Madrid (Spain) area and to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing enterobacteria in community-acquired urinary tract infections. The antibiotic susceptibility results were compared by patient age and sex. A total of 293 strains were studied. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for each antibiotic was determined using the agar dilution method. The tested carbapenems were the antibiotics with the greatest activity (ertapenem MIC(90)=0.06 mg/l; imipenem MIC(90)=0.5 mg/l), with no intermediate or resistant strains being observed. High rates of resistance to ciprofloxacin (80.9%) and cotrimoxazole were observed (62.1%). The global prevalence of ESBL-producing enterobacteria was 3.6% (293/8,139). Prevalence according to areas was 5.3% in Getafe, 3.45% in Arguelles, 3.02% in Alcala de Henares and 3.56% in Mostoles. The global prevalence of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli was 4.15% (279/6,721). The analysis of resistance according to patient sex (males versus females) showed no significant differences. The analysis of resistance according to patient age (<50 years versus > or = 50 years) showed statistically significant differences (more resistance among subjects > or = 50 years old) for cotrimoxazole (OR=0.43, 95%CI: 0.20-0.93, p=0.018) and ciprofloxacin (OR=0.32, 95%CI: 0.14-0.74, p=0.0027). In view of the good activity shown by ertapenem, and the continuous increase in the prevalence of ESBL strains, this antibiotic and some of the others could be a good choice for the treatment of community-acquired urinary tract infections produced by such bacteria in Spain.
Contain-ed (2017)

Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) has enabled operators to dynamically place and allocate resources for network services to match workload requirements. However, unbounded end-to-end (e2e) latency of Service Function Chains (SFCs) resulting from distributed Virtualized Network Function (VNF) deployments can severely degrade performance. In particular, SFC instantiations with inter-data center links can incur high e2e latencies and Service Level Agreement (SLA) violations. These latencies can trigger timeouts and protocol errors with latency-sensitive operations.
Self-assembly of Ni-NTA-modified β-annulus peptides into artificial viral capsids and encapsulation of His-tagged proteins (2016)

β-Annulus peptides bearing Cys at the N-terminal from tomato bushy stunt virus were synthesised using a standard Fmoc-protected solid-phase method, and the peptide was modified with Ni-NTA at the N-terminal. The Ni-NTA-modified β-annulus peptide self-assembled into virus-like nanocapsules of approximately 40 nm in diameter. The critical aggregation concentration of these nanocapsules in 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.3) at 25 °C was 0.053 μM, which is 470 times lower than that of unmodified β-annulus peptides. Moreover, size exclusion chromatography of the peptide assembly indicated encapsulation of His-tagged green fluorescent protein in the Ni-NTA-modified artificial viral capsid.
Amino acid polymorphisms for esterase-6 in Drosophila melanogaster. (1989)

High-resolution electrophoresis has revealed 10 allozymes of esterase-6 (EC 3.1.1.1) in Drosophila melanogaster. The sequences of 13 isolates of the Est6 gene covering all 10 allozymes were obtained and 52 nucleotide differences were found. Sixteen of these cause amino acid replacements, of which three result in charge differences whose size and direction are consistent with the electrophoretic mobilities of the allozymes in which they occur. The smeared electrophoretic phenotype of one allozyme can be explained by the loss of a cysteine residue involved in a disulfide bridge. Several minor mobility variants within the major F and S electrophoretic phenotypes differ by amino acid substitutions that are generally conservative for charge but not for some other properties (size, polarity, or hydrophobicity). Four amino acid differences are found among different isolates of the same allozymes and, overall, 12 amino acid haplotypes occur among the 13 isolates sequenced. Nevertheless, the most common variants within F and S are distinguished by only two amino acids (Asn/Asp at 237 and Thr/Ala at 247), and these are the most likely targets for the selection underlying complementary latitudinal clines in F and S frequencies.
Approximate quantification of detected fractional blood volume and perfusion from 3-D color flow and Doppler power signal imaging (1993)

Ultrasound systems have been quite limited in the degree to which they facilitate quantification of reasonably available detected mean tumor flow characteristics such as: detected fractional blood volume, B <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">v</sub> ; speed-weighted, detected fractional blood volume, B <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">vv </sub> and mean speed of regionally-detected blood flow, v¯. This lack of quantification follows from the relative disinterest in such quantitative imaging as well as the dependence of any backscattered signal levels on intervening tissues and physical barriers to discrimination of the very slow flow and weak scattering amplitude of the dominant (capillary) blood pool relative to the soft tissue motion and scattering level, respectively. However, new signal power imaging modes offer some of the necessary data for measures such as B <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">v</sub> . Some color flow imaging systems also now offer improved clutter cancellers, sharper high pass filters, and other flexibility in adjustments for low speed flow. In addition, intravenous contrast agents will soon become available. Doing the best that is reasonably possible to quantify observed flow characteristics should aid objective assessment of the potential role of color flow and power mode ultrasound in utilizing the high metabolic rate of most breast cancers and metastases. Examples on a benign breast mass are presented
Ultrasound enhanced generation of hydroxyl radicals from anticancer drugs: Adramycin and Mitomycin C (1993)

It has been reported that OH production in anticancer drug Adramycin and Mitomycin C suspensions is dramatically enhanced by applying 0.5-MHz cw ultrasound (US). Time course studies were performed to characterize the OH generation with and without US exposures. The results show that to a first approximation [OH] can be expressed as superposition of a rapid exponentially growing term and a slow linear varying term. The experiment indicated that the first term is due to US. In view of these observations it is concluded that US activated some shortly lived OH generating pathways.
Characterization of Brain Noise with a 7-Channel SQUID Magnetometer (1987)

The characteristics of neuromagnetic fields produced by spontaneous brain activity have been studied using of a large-area 7-channel DC SQUID magnetometer. By means of correlation analysis, it is shown that the signals from the brain are highly correlated on the area covered by the magnetometer. These findings illustrate the possibility of taking into account this correlated noise to provide more accurate description for the neural sources associated with specific sensory stimuli in the evoked response measurements.
Metal Dusting – an Overview of Current Literature (2001)

Abstract Catastrophic carburization (metal dusting) is experienced in several industries in process equipment that is exposed to gases containing carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen, (H2) and other hydrocarbons typically in the range of about 450°C (842°F) to 800°C (1472°F). This paper presents an overview of the literature related to metal dusting and discusses environmental and materials factors that reportedly affect this form of corrosion.
Atrial Ablation for the Surgical Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation:. Principles and Limitations (2004)

This article reviews the development of procedures designed to eradicate atrial fibrillation by creating nonincisional lesions in the atria. Percutaneous interventional and surgical data are reviewed and analyzed. A major limitation of the surgical approaches, which utilize a variety of energy sources, appears to be the difficulty in achieving transmurality in all patients. A second limitation is related to a poor understanding of the underlying mechanisms of atrial fibrillation, and the consequent uncertainty as to the ideal lesion configurations necessary to counter these mechanisms. The article also discusses the various types of clinical atrial fibrillation, and discusses the differences between endocardial and epicardial application of thermal energy sources. Finally, atrial contractility is addressed, and the authors conclude that the ideal procedure will achieve a balance between conversion to normal sinus rhythm and the preservation of atrial contractility.
Gender differences in leptin levels and physiology: a role for leptin in human reproduction. (2001)

Leptin, an adipocyte-derived hormone known to play an important role in body-weight regulation, has been shown to be expressed differentially in men and women. These observations are potentially important for the understanding of differences between men and women in regulation of food intake, weight gain, and body fat distribution. Leptin is also involved in female fertility, especially in pubertal development. It may well be the triggering signal for the onset of puberty in girls. Although the exact mechanisms and interactions with sex steroids are not yet fully established, it is clear that leptin plays a role as an endocrine mediator in sexual development and reproduction.
Multidisciplinary care of the child born with cleft lip and palate. (2000)

Cleft lip and cleft palate affect about one in every 700 children born in the United States. Parents of newborns with orofacial clefts, often unaware of the cleft until birth, need emotional support and professional guidance in caring for their baby. As the child grows, it is important to properly time surgical procedures, speech therapy, hearing evaluations, and dental interventions and to assess the child's psychological status. Multidisciplinary cleft palate teams provide a significant resource to families of children with facial clefts. This article describes the role of team members, provides an overview of the cleft condition, and lists resources for families and healthcare professionals.
Intrinsic Relations between Data Science, Big Data, Business Analytics and Datafication (2014)

Data recording and storage have evolved over the past decades from manual gathering of data by using simple writing materials to the automation of data collection. Data storage has evolved significantly in the past decades and today databases no longer suffice as the only medium for the storage and management of data. This is due to the emergence of the Big Data and Data Science concepts. Previous studies have indicated that the multiplication of processing power of computers and the availability of larger data storage at reduced cost are part of the catalysts for the volume and rate at which data is now made available and captured.
Vertically integrated waveguide polarization splitters using polymers (1999)

Design considerations, fabrication procedures, and experimental results are presented for vertically integrated waveguide polarization splitters. These devices separate the TE and TM polarizations onto different vertical levels of a three-dimensionally integrated optic circuit. This provides increased integration density for polarization diverse structures. The vertical polarization splitters utilize birefringent polymer materials to create an adiabatic structure. Experimental results yielded extinction ratios as high as 22 and 12 dB for TE and TM polarizations, respectively.
A robust formulation of SAW Green's functions for arbitrarily thick multilayers at high frequencies (2002)

This paper presents a robust formulation of SAW Green's functions for arbitrarily thick multilayers at high frequencies. The formulation is an alternative to that based on the transfer matrix method, which suffers from numerical instabilities when the frequency and/or thickness parameters become large. This numerical difficulty can be attributed to the mixture of exponentially growing and decaying terms during the transfer matrix calculations. To be more instructive, the numerical instability is delineated in terms of upward-bounded and downward-bounded waves within each layer. In accordance with such boundedness association, a recursive scheme not involving any growing terms is developed based on the scattering matrices to eliminate the instability. The resulting reflection matrix method is extremely concise and preserves the simplicity and convenience of the transfer matrix method. Using the reflection matrices, the generalized Green's functions that relate the particle velocity and the rate of electric potential change to the surface stress and charge are formulated succinctly. These Green's functions are useful for having incorporated the electrical properties of the vacuum above the surface. Numerical computations are exemplified to demonstrate the instabilities of the transfer matrix method and to justify the robustness of the reflection matrix formula.
Prenatal diagnosis of cardiac osteoma: a case report (1998)

Primary benign intracardiac tumours in the infant period are rare. We report a case of a cardiac osteoma detected at 17 weeks of gestation. Ultrasonographically, it appeared as a calcified mass with a sharp margin and was associated with hypoplastic right ventricle. The gross and histological findings are presented.
Protic Ionic Liquids:  Physicochemical Properties and Behavior as Amphiphile Self-Assembly Solvents (2008)

The physicochemical properties of 22 protic ionic liquids (PILs) and 6 protic molten salts, and the self-assembly behavior of 3 amphiphiles in the PILs, are reported. Structure-property relationships have been explored for the PILs, including the effect of increasing the substitution of ammonium cations and the presence of methoxy and hydroxyl moieties in the cation. Anion choices included the formate, pivalate, trifluoroacetate, nitrate, and hydrogen sulfate anions. This series of PILs had a diverse range of physicochemical properties, with ionic conductivities up to 51.10 mS/cm, viscosities down to 5.4 mPa.s, surface tensions between 38.3 and 82.1 mN/m, and densities between 0.990 and 1.558 g/cm3. PILs were designed with various levels of solvent cohesiveness, as quantified by the Gordon parameter. Fourteen PILs were found to promote the self-assembly of amphiphiles. High-throughput polarized optical microscopy was used to identify lamellar, hexagonal, and bicontinuous cubic amphiphile self-assembly phases. The presence and extent of amphiphile self-assembly have been discussed in terms of the Gordon parameter.