gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic corpus-based tone and break-index prediction using K-ToBI representation (2002)

In this article we present a prosody generation architecture based on K-ToBI (Korean Tone and Break Index) representation. ToBI is a multitier representation system based on linguistic knowledge that transcribes events in an utterance. The TTS (Text-To-Speech) system, which adopts ToBI as an intermediate representation, is known to exhibit higher flexibility, modularity, and domain/task portability compared to the direct prosody generation TTS systems. However, for practical-level performance, the cost of corpus preparation is very expensive because the ToBI labeled corpus is constructed manually by many prosody experts, and normally requires large amounts of data for statistical prosody modeling. Unlike previous ToBI-based systems, this article proposes a new method, which transcribes the K-ToBI labels in Korean speech completely automatically. We develop automatic corpus-based K-ToBI labeling tools and prediction methods based on several lexico-syntactic linguistic features for decision-tree induction. We demonstrate the performance of F0 generation from automatically predicted K-ToBI labels, and confirm that the performance is reasonably comparable to state-of-the-art direct prosody generation methods and previous ToBI-based methods.
EAGER FOR EGR (1997)

This article reports a recent lecture on commercial vehicle diesel engine combustion systems by T Suzuki of Hino Motors, Japan. Suzuki considers that exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) could enable diesel engines to survive beyond the year 2000, as they face serious challenges from engines running on alternative fuels considered more environment-friendly. He expects EGR to be used soon in a wide range of lorry engines. EGR can reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions, but its recirculated combustion products have hitherto caused severe wear. Reducing the proportion of sulphur in fuel has already reduced the extent of EGR-induced abrasion. The conventional EGR, which connects the exhaust and inlet manifolds, is becoming more difficult to apply as turbocharged boost pressures rise, especially at high engine loads and speeds. Thus Hino and other manufacturers are researching alternative layouts, such as connections upstream or downstream of the turbine and compressor. One elegant though rather complex method uses an EGR pump. Hino has also been experimenting with 'homogeneous or bulk combustion', which starts fuel injection very early, and could, Suzuki thinks, dramatically reduce both NOx and particulate emissions, if the fuel system is controlled electronically.
A clinical evaluation of the effects of a periodontal scaling gel. (1992)

This research evaluated the in vivo effects of a periodontal scaling gel used in routine prophylaxis. Fifteen adult patients with moderate to heavy calculus were selected for full mouth hand scaling and prophylaxis using a split mouth design, employing SofScale Scaling Gel in experimental quadrants. Patients and operators were asked to evaluate differences between control and treated quadrants. The following parameters were evaluated during and after treatment: Gingival effects, tooth sensitivity, ease of calculus removal, and overall patient comfort. In addition pre- and post-treatment tooth surfaces were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy using a replicate technique. No tooth sensitivity or soft tissue irritation was observed in any control or experimental quadrants. Calculus removal was independently judged by operators to be easier in the gel treated quadrants when compared to untreated control quadrants. Scanning electron microscopy revealed cleaner enamel and root surfaces with no obvious morphological changes in mineralized tissues. The results of this study demonstrate the safety of the scaling gel and the increased effectiveness of calculus removal during hand scaling of teeth treated with this gel.
Compounding, melt strengthening and forming Process of poly (lactic acid) (2013)

International audience
Optimal tracking for discrete-time systems with input delays (2008)

An optimal output tracking controller for discrete-time systems with input delay whose reference input to be tracked is an autonomous linear dynamic exosystem is addressed. Firstly, a method based on the so-called Artstein model reduction is extended to reduced the discrete-time system free of delay. Secondly, the optimal output tracking control (OOTC) problem without input delay is transformed into an equivalent optimal regulator problem by augmenting the state variables and then the optimal control input sequences are successfully derived by a so-called successive approximation approach (SAA). Finally, Simulations are presented to verify the effectiveness of the optimal tracking controller.
Optimum configurations for single-amplifier biquadratic filters (1980)

Two new biquad circuits based on the Sallen-Key positive feedback structure are introduced and shown to be capable of realizing all possible second-order filter functions. The pole design equations and pole sensitivities are identical to those of the Deliyannis bandpass circuit which is the basis for the Friend biquad. The new circuits, however, display lower transmission zero sensitivities than the Friend notch realizations. Design details and experimental results are given.
Control of surface morphology through variation of growth rate in SiGe/Si(100) epitaxial films: Nucleation of “quantum fortresses” (2002)

The surface morphology of Si0.7Ge0.3 films grown at 550 °C by molecular-beam epitaxy is found to be highly controllable through changes in growth rate. A growth rate of 0.9 Å/s results in a surface morphology that begins as shallow pyramidal pits, which then become decorated by ordered quadruplets of islands that surround the edges of the pits. This “quantum fortress” structure represents a symmetry with potential application to quantum cellular automata geometries. A higher growth rate of 3 Å/s produces similar results. However, when the growth rate is reduced to 0.15 Å/s, the surface morphology that develops instead consists of elongated ridges.
Novel Selective Etching Method for Silicon Nitride Films on Silicon Substrates by Means of Subcritical Water (2000)

The reaction of silicon nitride films on silicon substrates in sub- and supercritical water at temperatures between 100 and 400 °C has been studied for the first time. The etching rates for the silicon nitride films were higher than those for silicon dioxide films under the same conditions. A novel selective etching method for silicon nitride films using subcritical water has been proposed. The etching mechanism for silicon nitride films in subcritical water was studied by means of infrared spectroscopy and ion chromatography. The etching selectivity at 200 °C and 10 MPa reached 70. An etching rate of 7.5 nm/min for the silicon nitride films was obtained under the same conditions. The selectivity value was higher than that of the conventional method using phosphoric acid, while the etching rate was comparable. Moreover, water is nontoxic; therefore, the proposed method is environmentally friendly. The proposed selective etching method for silicon nitride films using subcritical water is one of the promising candidates for future etching technologies.
What are the factors that contribute to road accidents? An assessment of law enforcement views, ordinary drivers’ opinions, and road accident records (2018)

What are the main contributing factors to road accidents? Factors such as inexperience, lack of skill, and risk-taking behaviors have been associated with the collisions of young drivers. In contrast, visual, cognitive, and mobility impairment have been associated with the collisions of older drivers. We investigated the main causes of road accidents by drawing on multiple sources: expert views of police officers, lay views of the driving public, and official road accident records. In Studies 1 and 2, police officers and the public were asked about the typical causes of road traffic collisions using hypothetical accident scenarios. In Study 3, we investigated whether the views of police officers and the public about accident causation influence their recall accuracy for factors reported to contribute to hypothetical road accidents. The results show that both expert views of police officers and lay views of the driving public closely approximated the typical factors associated with the collisions of young and older drivers, as determined from official accident records. The results also reveal potential underreporting of factors in existing accident records, identifying possible inadequacies in law enforcement practices for investigating driver distraction, drug and alcohol impairment, and uncorrected or defective eyesight. Our investigation also highlights a need for accident report forms to be continuously reviewed and updated to ensure that contributing factor lists reflect the full range of factors that contribute to road accidents. Finally, the views held by police officers and the public on accident causation influenced their memory recall of factors involved in hypothetical scenarios. These findings indicate that delay in completing accident report forms should be minimised, possibly by use of mobile reporting devices at the accident scene.
Antiallergy agents. 1. Substituted 1,8-naphthyridin-2(1H)-ones as inhibitors of SRS-A release (1988)

A novel class of antiallergy agents, the substituted 1,8-naphthyridin-2(1H)-ones, is described. The present compounds are orally active, potent inhibitors of allergic and nonallergic bronchospasm in animal models. Structure-activity studies of the lead compound in this series, 1-phenyl-3-n-butyl-4-hydroxynaphthyridin-2(1H)-one (11), identified three compounds of interest, 1-phenyl-3-(2-propenyl)-4-acetoxy-1,8-naphthyridin-2(1H)-one (12), 1-(3'-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-propenyl)-4-acetoxy-1,8-naphthyridin-2(1H )-one (87), and 1-(3'-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-propenyl)-4-acetoxy-1,8-naphthyridin-2(1 H)-one (89). The mechanism of antiallergy activity may involve inhibition of the release of the sulfidopeptide leukotrienes. 1-Phenyl-3-(2-propenyl)-4-acetoxy-1,8-naphthyridin-2(1H)-one, Sch 33303 (12), was selected for preclinical development as an antiallergy agent.
Eidophor System of Theater Television (1953)

The Eidophor, or Fischer, theater television system is described in an introductory way, then as installed at the Twentieth Century-Fox home office theater a year ago for exhibition shows for exhibitors and the press.
Randomized OFDM for Multi‐Cell Environments (2000)

Abstract This paper is concerned with a randomized OFDM (R‐OFDM) scheme. The basic principle is to apply a scrambling operation to several OFDM frames. With a proper design strategy, the scrambling operation will not affect intra‐cell orthogonality of OFDM (even considering multi‐path effect), For signals from different cells, mutually random scramblings are used to reduce their correlation. This alleviates the worst case inter‐cell interference problem. R‐OFDM combines some advantages of both OFDM and CDMA, namely, intra‐cell interference avoidance, cross‐cell interference mitigation as well as simple receiver structure.
An Overview of WIND (Wide Interoperable Networked Databases) (1994)

The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the ongoing project WIND (Wide Interoperable Networked Databases}, a multidatabase management system integrating legacy databases distributed on a network in a transparent fashion. WIND provides users with a relational view over a number of local databases and SQL as the data sublanguage facility. WIND supports multiple federated schemas in the sense that users with similar information requirements are clustered around the same relational view. Operationally, there are three ways of maintaining the rnultidatabase: transactions (preserving ACID properries), procedures (weak ACID database applications) and event-trigger rules. At the data layer level, WIND supports a wide class of interdependent data comprising base relations, materialised views (snapshots) and replicated data.
Secure information sharing between heterogeneous embedded devices (2010)

Smart spaces are dynamic environments for sharing information e.g. in personal, building, or public networks. Key challenges for smart spaces include security and interoperability between heterogeneous devices, from high-end PCs to embedded gadgets and sensors. We propose a novel security architecture, which enables heterogeneous devices to share data in controlled manner. Centralized information brokering device is used to measure security level of published information. These measurements are then used to authorize information access. Hence, the architecture enables devices to share information with the same security level even when these devices do not have interoperable security protocols. We propose policy configuration and deployment models, which are feasible and usable with embedded devices. We also describe our practical experiences from implementing the proposed security solution for smart spaces.
Decomposition and primary crystallization in undercooled Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10.0Be22.5 melts (1995)

Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10.0Be22.5 bulk metallic glasses were prepared by cooling the melt with a rate of about 10 K/s and investigated with respect to their chemical and structural homogeneity by atom probe field ion microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The measurements on these slowly cooled samples reveal that the alloy exhibits phase separation in the undercooled liquid state. Significant composition fluctuations are found in the Be and Zr concentration but not in the Ti, Cu, and Ni concentration. The decomposed microstructure is compared with the microstructure obtained upon primary crystallization, suggesting that the nucleation during primary crystallization of this bulk glass former is triggered by the preceding diffusion controlled decomposition in the undercooled liquid state.
Thermoplastic Recording: A Progress Report (1965)

Descriptions and performance data are given of current thermoplastic recorders including a 16mm tape, a 8mm tape and a continuous-loop recorder. Thermoplastic recording in color and a wide-bandwidth 1,029-line video recording are described. Systems for electrical readout of pictorial thermoplastic recordings are also presented.
Slip Behavior of Cable Against Saddle in Suspension Bridges (1992)

In long suspension bridges with a small span ratio of side to center, cable slip load against the saddle is large and it is important to grasp its frictional resistance in the design. An experimental investigation is done using a test device that simulates the state in a real bridge. As a result, it is made clear that the frictional coefficient in the case of a saddle surface coated with inorganic zinc‐rich primer is 0.31, and that zinc‐metallized is 0.60. And slip behavior of cable is clear as follows: (1) The slip starts at a relatively small value of the frictional coefficient, but even after slip starts, the frictional resistance grows, and after a maximum value is reached, the decline is gradual; (2) a fractional slip continues even after the slip load is held constant, and it takes a considerably long time for the slip to cease; and (3) the bolt‐tightening force for increasing frictional resistance declines considerably after tightening the bolt.
Conserved developmental alternative splicing of muscleblind-like (MBNL) transcripts regulates MBNL localization and activity (2010)

Muscleblind-like (MBNL) proteins have been shown to regulate pre-mRNA alternative splicing, and MBNL1 has been implicated in regulating fetal-to-adult transitions in alternative splicing in the heart. MBNL1 is highly conserved, exhibiting more than 95% identity at the amino acid level between birds and mammals. To investigate MBNL1 expression during embryonic heart development, we examined MBNL1 transcript and protein expression in the embryonic chicken heart from the formation of the primitive heart tube through cardiac morphogenesis (embryonic days 1.5 through 8). MBNL1 transcript levels remained steady throughout these stages, whereas MBNL1 protein levels increased and exhibited a shift in isoforms. MBNL1 has several alternatively spliced exons. Using RT-PCR, we determined that the inclusion of one of these, exon 5, decreases dramatically during cardiac morphogenesis. This developmental transition is conserved in mice. Functional analyses of MBNL1 isoforms containing or lacking exon 5-encoded sequences revealed that exon 5 is important for the regulation of the subcellular localization, RNA binding affinity, and alternative splicing activity of MBNL1 proteins. A second MBNL protein, MBNL2, is also expressed in the embryonic heart. We found that MBNL2 exon 5, which is paralogous to MBNL1 exon 5, is similarly regulated during embryonic heart development. Analysis of MBNL1 and MBNL2 transcripts in several embryonic tissues in chicken and mouse indicate that exon 5 alternative splicing is highly conserved and tissue-specific. Thus, we propose that conserved developmental stage- and tissue-specific alternative splicing of MBNL transcripts is an important mechanism by which MBNL activity is regulated during embryonic development.
Rat liver asialoglycoprotein receptor lacks a cleavable NH2-terminal signal sequence. (1984)

Two cDNA clones encoding the predominant form of the asialoglycoprotein receptor from rat liver (the major rat hepatic lectin; RHL-1) were identified by screening a rat liver cDNA library with a mixed oligonucleotide probe 35 nucleotides long. One clone was a nearly full-length copy of the mRNA for RHL-1, while the other was shortened at both ends. The sequences of these clones demonstrate that this transmembrane receptor is not synthesized with an NH2-terminal signal sequence. The only proteolytic processing occurring in the biosynthesis of RHL-1 is the removal of the NH2-terminal initiator methionine residue. Insertion of RHL-1 into the membrane is postulated to occur by the recognition of the internal transmembrane region as a signal sequence.
Methodology for process portable hard IP block creation using cell based array architecture (2002)

A methodology for hard IP creation and an automated "process tuned" migration of this IP block is presented. The flow for hard IP creation using the CBA Block Export Flow is presented. Salient features of this include automated IP block timing model creation and physical view creation allowing easy encapsulation of the IP core into a chip level environment. Following this, a flow for automatically porting this IP core so that it is optimally implemented in the target process using CBA Block Transport is presented.
Debrisoquine/Sparteine Hydroxylation Genotype and Phenotype: Analysis of Common Mutations and Alleles of <i>CYP2D6</i> in a European Population (1991)

Four different mutations of the cytochrome P450 CYP2D6 gene associated with the poor metabolizer phenotype (PM) of the debrisoquine/sparteine polymorphism were analyzed by Xba I restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based DNA amplification method in DNA of 394 healthy European subjects; 341 of these were phenotyped by sparteine or debrisoquine administration and urinary metabolic ratios (MR). Our study demonstrates the efficiency of the PCR-test for phenotype prediction; 96.4% of individuals were correctly predicted, i.e., 100% of the extensive metabolizers (EMs) and 86.0% of the poor metabolizers (PMs). In contrast, Xba I RFLP analysis was far less informative, predicting the phenotype in only 26.8% of PMs. By combining both DNA tests, the prediction rate of the PM phenotype increased to 90.6%. A point mutation at a splice-site consensus sequence termed D6-B represented the most common mutant CYP2D6 gene and accounted for more than 75% of mutant alleles. In addition, other known mutations such as D6-D (14%), D6-A (5%), and the rare D6-C mutation bring the identified mutant alleles to greater than 95% of all mutant PM-alleles. Most of Xba I 44-kb alleles were confirmed as mutant alleles carrying the D6-B mutation. However, 9.7% did not have this mutation and may express a functional CYP2D6 gene. Moreover, all Xba I 16 + 9-kb alleles contained the D6-B mutation. Heterozygous EM individuals had a significantly higher MR when compared to homozygous EMs. Genotyping provides an important advantage for investigations of the influence of CYP2D6 activity on drug therapy and its association with certain diseases.
On the Optimality of Escalated Tariff Structure: A Cournot Duopoly Analysis (2008)

This paper examines whether an escalated tariff structure will maximize national welfare by using a simple Cournot duopoly model, where an intermediate good and a final good are vertically related. In this paper, some general results are derived. It is shown that the escalated tariff structure prevailing in most countries does not necessarily benefit an importing country more than a de-escalated tariff structure. The condition for an importing country to adopt an escalated tariff structure is a huge loss incurred by a domestic final-good producer resulting from a tariff imposed on imports of the intermediate good. A de-escalated tariff structure should be adopted by an importing country as a tariff on imports of the final good harms the domestic consumers much more than a tariff on imports of the intermediate good.
Computer simulations of three-dimensional propagation in ventricular myocardium. Effects of intramural fiber rotation and inhomogeneous conductivity on epicardial activation. (1993)

Three-dimensional membrane-based simulations of action potential propagation in ventricular myocardium were performed. Specifically, the effects of the intramural rotation of the fiber axes and inhomogeneous conductivity on the timing and pattern of epicardial activation were examined. Models were built, with approximately 400,000 microscopic elements arranged in rectangular parallelepipeds in each model. Simulations used the nonlinear Ebihara and Johnson membrane equations for the fast sodium current. Constructed models had histological features of ventricular myocardium. All models were anisotropic. In a subset of the models, an abrupt intramural rotation of the fiber axes was included. This feature was also combined with randomly distributed inhomogeneous conductivity and regions of high transverse resistance to represent nonuniform anisotropy in a further subset of the models. Epicardial stimuli were applied for each simulation. Three-dimensional activation patterns and epicardial isochron maps were constructed from the simulations. We noted that the rotation of fiber axes accelerated epicardial activation distant from the stimulus site. The inhomogeneous conductivity caused regional acceleration and deceleration of activation spread. We also noted features of epicardial activation that resulted from the fiber rotation, and the inhomogeneous conductivity corresponded to that observed in maps from experimental animals.