gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
(η<sup>5</sup>-Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)rhodium Complexes of Upper-Rim Monophosphinated Calix[4]arene (2000)

A new and convenient synthesis of the upper-rim monobrominated calix[4]arene Br-calixPR2 is reported and has been used as the key precursor for the preparation of both the diphenyl- (6a) and diisopropylphosphine ligands (6b). Reactions of these new ligands with [(C5Me5)RhCl2]2 afford the complexes (calixPR2)(C5Me5)Rh(Cl)2 (8a,b), which can be converted into their corresponding dihydrides (calixPR2)(C5Me5)Rh(H)2 (9a,b) using NaBH4. 6a also reacts with (C5Me5)Rh(CO)2 to form (calixPPh2)(C5Me5)Rh(CO) (10). The X-ray structures for both 8a and 8b confirm the cone geometry of the calix[4]arene bowl and reveal the presence of the phenyl and isopropyl groups over the cavity. With respect to the Rh−P bond, a gauche conformation is depicted in the solid state. Complexes 8a,b and 9a,b appear to be fluxional in solution, as demonstrated from VT 1H and 31P NMR measurements for 8a,b. Molecular modelings confirm the presence of 13 conformers associated with the rotation around the C(calix)−P and P−Rh bonds and the cavity locking groups above it. The minimum energy conformation for the unsaturated (calixPPh2)(C5Me5)Rh complex exhibits the Rh atom well located at the opening of the free cavity.
Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion: Prevention of Brain Mitochondrial Injury by Lidoflazine (1987)

Mitochondrial degradation is implicated in the irreversible cell damage that can occur during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. In this study, the effects of 10 min of ventricular fibrillation and 100 min of spontaneous circulation on brain mitochondrial function was studied in dogs in the absence and presence of pretreatment with the Ca2+ antagonist lidoflazine. Twenty-three beagles were separated into four experimental groups: (i) nonischemic controls (ii) those undergoing 10-min ventricular fibrillation, (iii) those undergoing 10-min ventricular fibrillation pretreated with 1 mg/kg lidoflazine i.v., and (iv) those undergoing 10-min ventricular fibrillation followed by spontaneous circulation for 100 min. Brain mitochondria were isolated and tested for their ability to respire and accumulate calcium in a physiological test medium. There was a 35% decrease in the rate of phosphorylating respiration (ATP production) following 10 min of complete cerebral ischemia. Those animals pretreated with lidoflazine showed significantly less decline in phosphorylating respiration (16%) when compared with nontreated dogs. Resting and uncoupled respiration also declined following 10 min of fibrillatory arrest. One hundred minutes of spontaneous circulation following 10 min of ventricular fibrillation and 3 min of open-chest cardiac massage provided complete recovery of normal mitochondrial respiration. Energy-dependent Ca2+ accumulation by isolated brain mitochondria was unimpaired by 10 min of complete cerebral ischemia. However, by 100 min after resuscitation, there was a small, but significant rise in the capacity for mitochondrial Ca2+ sequestration when compared to either control or fibrillated groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ozonolysis of [60]fullerene (1994)

Ozonolysis of [60]fullerene (C60) generates a mixture of the oxidized products having ketone, ester, and epoxide functionalities; an intermediate in this reaction can also transfer an oxygen to aromatic compounds to give normal and NIH-shifted phenols.
Distributed problem-solving techniques: A survey (1987)

Distributed problem-solving is defined as a subfield of artificial intelligence that deals with the interaction of groups of intelligent agents attempting to cooperate to solve problems. A taxonomy of distributed artificial intelligence systems is presented, based on the communication and control methodologies used by their constituent agents, along with the theoretical foundations which underly them. Control in distributed problem-solvers is characterized by cooperation, organization, and dynamics. Communications are specified through paradigms, content, and protocols. Several prototypical systems in areas such as natural language processing and medical diagnosis are briefly discussed, along with more mature systems in applications such as air-traffic control, vehicle monitoring, and manufacturing systems.
Active site topology and reaction mechanism of GTP cyclohydrolase I. (1995)

GTP cyclohydrolase I of Escherichia coli is a torus-shaped homodecamer with D5 symmetry and catalyzes a complex ring expansion reaction conducive to the formation of dihydroneopterin triphosphate from GTP. The x-ray structure of a complex of the enzyme with the substrate analog, dGTP, bound at the active site was determined at a resolution of 3 A. In the decamer, 10 equivalent active sites are present, each of which contains a 10-A deep pocket formed by surface areas of 3 adjacent subunits. The substrate forms a complex hydrogen bond network with the protein. Active site residues were modified by site-directed mutagenesis, and enzyme activities of the mutant proteins were measured. On this basis, a mechanism of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction is proposed. Cleavage of the imidazole ring is initiated by protonation of N7 by His-179 followed by the attack of water at C8 of the purine system. Cystine Cys-110 Cys-181 may be involved in this reaction step. Opening of the imidazole ring may be in concert with cleavage of the furanose ring to generate a Schiff's base from the glycoside. The gamma-phosphate of GTP may be involved in the subsequent Amadori rearrangement of the carbohydrate side chain by activating the hydroxyl group of Ser-135.
Genetic and environmental influences on cold tolerance of cotton seedling germination (1995)

The Southern High Plains of Texas represents the largest contiguous cotton production area in the United States with over 3.5 million acres planted annually. The Texas High Plains cotton producing region is faced with the challenge of a short growing season. Due to the high elevation and the dry air, cool nights associated with cold fronts are common during the planting season and during the latter part of the boll maturation period. These conditions can keep the mean daily temperature below 15°C and minimum temperatures can drop below 10°C. Temperatures below 15° will not provide adequate heat required for germination and growth or fiber maturation. Lowering the temperature requirement for germination and growth would provide added insurance for early season germination and seedling establishment, extend the growing season, and allow cotton production to move fiarther north on the High Plains.\nDuring the germination phase, cotton is very sensitive to chilling injury if soil temperatures drop below 15°C and temperatures at or below 10°C for a few hours can cause serious damage with long term consequences. Soil temperatures at planting can vary greatly from day to day depending upon air temperature, radiation and precipitation events. Subsequently, it is desirable to have varieties that possess the ability to emerge rapidly under differing soil temperature conditions. A nonuniform stand of weak seedlings is a common result of low temperatures during the planting season. Providing a uniform stand of seedlings, as early as possible in the growing season, is critical to the High Plains producer already faced with a short growing season.
Synthesis and function of influenza A virus glycoproteins. (1991)

The surface glycoproteins of influenza A viruses are the viral components first recognized by the immune system of the infected host, and they are the viral proteins first to contact the infecting cell. Cleavage of the hemagglutinin (HA) is the presupposition for the uptake and fusion between viral and endosomal membranes at a relatively low pH. If this cleavage does not occur during synthesis and migration within the cell, an external trypsin-like protease has to activate the virus with a non-cleaved HA. This latter property is presumably the reason, why such a large reservoir of non-pathogenic influenza A viruses could be built up in water fowl. Especially feral ducks can disseminate influenza viruses along their flight routes all over the world. The role of the neuraminidase (NA) in the infectious process is not so clear. Its main task in the natural infection seems to be removal of mucoids at the site of entry and in this way to start the primary infection. The synthesis of the viral proteins is a highly regulated process. There is not only a transcriptional but also a translational control. The viral glycoproteins belong to the late proteins. Specifically their synthesis can be inhibited by compounds acting in completely different ways like a specific methylase inhibitor (3DA-Ado), a protein phosphokinase C inhibitor (H7), or a lipid solvent (DMSO). It remains to be determined whether the underlining mechanism is in all these cases the same, namely posttranscriptional modification of viral mRNA. All these viral components do not act separately but they cooperate in their functions and sometimes interfere with each other.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Kinetic Gait Analysis Using a Low-Cost Insole (2013)

Abnormal gait caused by stroke or other pathological reasons can greatly impact the life of an individual. Being able to measure and analyze that gait is often critical for rehabilitation. Motion analysis labs and many current methods of gait analysis are expensive and inaccessible to most individuals. The low-cost, wearable, and wireless insole-based gait analysis system in this study provides kinetic measurements of gait by using low-cost force sensitive resistors. This paper describes the design and fabrication of the insole and its evaluation in six control subjects and four hemiplegic stroke subjects. Subject-specific linear regression models were used to determine ground reaction force plus moments corresponding to ankle dorsiflexion/plantarflexion, knee flexion/extension, and knee abduction/adduction. Comparison with data simultaneously collected from a clinical motion analysis laboratory demonstrated that the insole results for ground reaction force and ankle moment were highly correlated (all >0.95) for all subjects, while the two knee moments were less strongly correlated (generally >0.80). This provides a means of cost-effective and efficient healthcare delivery of mobile gait analysis that can be used anywhere from large clinics to an individual's home.
A sub-1V 115nA 0.35&#x00B5;m CMOS voltage reference for ultra low-power applications (2009)

A voltage reference circuit capable of sub-1 V operation and with ultra-low power consumption is introduced in this paper. In the proposed circuit, proportional-to-absolute-temperature voltage is generated by using the series-connection of two NMOS devices working in sub-threshold region and the gate-to-source voltage of another NMOS device is adopted to realize the complementary-to-absolute-temperature voltage. Moreover, the temperature compensation is performed by using a switch-capacitor circuit. The proposed circuit is implemented in chartered 0.35 μm CMOS technology and occupies an active chip area of 0.021 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Post-layout simulation results show that it can operate with a supply voltage down to 0.9 V while consuming 115 nA ground current. With 1 V power supply, the output voltage is 142.8 mV at 25°C and the temperature coefficient is 25.5 ppm/°C.
Tensile stress in jets of viscoelastic fluids. II (1956)

Abstract A viscoelastic fluid jet is treated as a moving infinite string under slowly varying tension. When the system is subjected to a sinusoidal point vibration, the resulting wave form enables the tension to be determined along the jet. The total tension is composed of a surface reaction and an internal, decaying tension. The surface reaction may be calculated from the surface tension of the jet fluid and the radius of the jet. Data for 1.4 and 1.7% carboxymethylcellulose water solutions are presented for three different jet radii and for solution temperatures of 5, 25, and 35°C. It is found that the observed tensions approach the calculated surface reaction far from the nozzle. The rate of decay is a function of concentration and temperature. The internal tension for a 1.7% solution at 25°C. was observed to decay from about 8000 to 500 dynes/cm. 2 in 200 milliseconds. Relaxation times of 0.27 sec. for 1.4% and 0.32 sec. for 1.7% solutions at 25°C. describe the internal tensile properties between 40 and 200 milliseconds after ejection.
Optional Vena Cava Filters: What, Why, and When (2007)

Optional vena cava filters can used to provide either short-term or permanent protection from pulmonary embolism. These devices have recently become available for clinical use in the United States. However, there remains a paucity of data about these devices and their outcomes. This article reviews current and future devices, the rationale behind non-permanent caval filtration, and the generally accepted guidelines for their clinical application.
PCR Assay for Species-Specific Identification of <i>Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron</i> (2000)

Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron is the second most frequently encountered species of the anaerobes isolated from clinical specimens. We developed a PCR-based assay for the rapid identification of B. thetaiotaomicron. Specific primers were based on shared amplicons of about 1.2 kb generated from B. thetaiotaomicron by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA. This 1.2-kb fragment was sequenced and then used to design a set of PCR amplification primers. This PCR generated an amplification product of 721 bp, which was unique to all 65 isolates of B. thetaiotaomicron tested. There was no amplification with isolates of other bacterial species. Restriction enzyme digestion of the amplification product and dot blot hybridization further verified the specificity of the assay. These results suggest that this PCR assay targets a nucleotide sequence that is strongly conserved in B. thetaiotaomicron. This simple and rapid PCR assay provides a rapid and accurate method for identification of B. thetaiotaomicron and shows promise for the detection of B. thetaiotaomicron in clinical samples.
Curve Fitting and Deconvolution of Instrumental Broadening: A Simulated Annealing Approach (1995)

A curve-fitting procedure based on the simulated annealing algorithm has been developed for the analysis of spectral Raman data. By the inclusion of a priori information about the instrumental broadening in the definition of the cost function that is minimized, effects of the finite instrumental resolution are eliminated from the resulting fit. The ability of the method to reproduce original band shapes is tested on synthesized spectra and FT-Raman spectra of diamond recorded at different resolutions with different apodization functions. The procedure yields the global optimum of the fitted parameters and is easily implemented on a personal computer.
Distributed design review in virtual environments (2000)

In large distributed corporations, distributed design review offers the potential for cost savings, reduced time to market, and improved efficiency. It also has the potential to improve the design process by enabling wider expertise to be incorporated in design reviews. This paper describes the integration of several components to enable distributed virtual design review in mixed multi-party, heterogeneous multi-site 2D and immersive 3D environments. The system provides higher layers of support for collaboration including avatars, high fidelity audio, and shared artifact manipulation. The system functions across several interface environments ranging from CAVEs to Walls to desktop workstations. At the center of the software architecture is the Human Integrating Virtual Environment (HIVE) [6], a collaboration infrastructure and toolset to support research and development of multi-user, geographically distributed, 2D and 3D shared applications. The HIVE functions with VisualEyes software for visualizing 3D data in virtual environments. We also describe in detail the configuration and lessons learned in a two site, heterogeneous multi-user demonstration of the system between HRL Laboratories in Malibu, California and GM R&D in Warren, Michigan.
Respiration and glucose oxidation in human and guinea pig leukocytes: comparative studies (1970)

A comparison has been made of the metabolic shifts in human and guinea pig leukocytes when they phagocytize. Respiration of guinea pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and the increment during phagocytosis were each about 2(1/2)-fold that of human PMN. This was also true of the direct oxidation of glucose-6-P (hexose monophosphate shunt). Enzymes potentially responsible for these phenomena have been compared in each species. Cyanide-insensitive NADH oxidase and NADPH oxidase were measured and only the formed exhibited adequate activity to account for the respiratory stimulus durintg phagocytosis. The hydrogen peroxide formed by this enzyme stimulates the hexose monophosphate shunt by oxidizing glutathione which upon reduction by an NADPH-linked glutathione reductase provides NADP to drive the hexose monophosphate shunt. Other linkages between respiratory stimulation and that of the hexose monophosphate shunt also pertain in the guinea pig.
Multiple sedimenting species of properdin in human serum and interaction of purified properdin with the third component of complement. (1976)

Normal human serum subjected to sucrose density gradient analysis exhibited multiple sedimenting species of properdin antigen. Properdin antigen distribution was dependent on serum concentration, ionic strength, temperature, and the presence of C3, and was not dependent on the presence of divalent metal cations or blood coagulation. In mixtures of purified components, properdin sedimented heavier in the presence of C3, C3b, or C3c. Addition of factor B to mixtures containing C3 and properdin was without effect. These data provide insights into earlier discrepancies concerning the sedimentation behavior of partially purified properdin, indicate a propensity of some constituents of the alternative pathway to form protein-protein complexes, and suggest caution in interpretation of immunopathological studies in which properdin deposits are found in the presence of C3.
Analysis of quarter-wave-shifted DFB laser (1984)

Wavelength selectivity of a quarter-wave-shifted DFB laser is analysed taking into account the effect of a mirror facet at the end of the corrugation. The structure with no reflection is found to be the most promising. The effect of a cleaved facet at an end is not serious as long as KL is as large as 3–5.
Splitting: an empirical study. (1999)

In this study, the Rorschach scoring system for splitting developed by Lerner, Sugarman, and Gaughran (1981) was applied to the Holtzman Inkblot Technique (HIT). Normal individuals (n = 30), patients with neurotic disorders (n = 30), patients with borderline personality disorder (n = 30), patients with acute schizophrenia (n = 25), and patients with chronic schizophrenia (n = 25) were studied with respect to their use of splitting. Sufficient interrater reliability was demonstrated for the scoring of splitting in the HIT. Significant differences between borderline patients, acute schizophrenic patients, and chronic schizophrenic patients, on the one hand, and patients with neurotic disorders, on the other hand, were demonstrated. Furthermore, it was shown that the indicators of splitting were associated with measures of identity diffusion, primitive defense mechanisms, and other measures of psychopathology. The Lerner indicator of splitting proved to be multidimensional. Different forms of splitting seem to be characteristic of borderline patients and schizophrenic patients. The application of the Lerner criteria of primitive defenses to the HIT appears to be promising.
Interference in Automotive Radar Systems: Characteristics, Mitigation Techniques, and Current and Future Research (2019)

This article examines the problem of interference in automotive radar. Different types of automotive radar as well as mechanisms and characteristics of interference and the effects of interference on radar system performance are described. The interference-to-noise ratio (INR) at the output of a detector is a measure of the susceptibility of a radar to interference. The INR is derived from different types of interfering and victim radars and depends on the location of both as well as parameters such as transmit power, antenna gain, and bandwidth. In addition, for victim radar with beamscanning, INR depends on the location of the target the victim radar is attempting to detect. Analysis is presented to show the effects of various interference scenarios on the INR. A review of the current state of the art in interference mitigation techniques previously deployed as well as areas of research currently being addressed is then provided. Finally, important future research directions are suggested.
Gingival, Dermal, and Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts Express Different Extracellular Matrix Receptors (2001)

The 3 fibroblast types studied behave differently and expressed different ECM receptors. However, gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament fibroblasts are more similar in their attachment and integrin expression than either is to dermal fibroblasts. Therefore, experiments using DF will not necessarily be valid for oral tissues.
Essential Fatty Acids (2004)

This chapter contains sections titled: Dietary Source for ω6 and ω3 Fatty Acids Desaturation and Elongation of Linoleic and α-linolenic Acids AA and DHA in the Pre- and Post-natal Periods Biological Functions of Essential Fatty Acids Conclusion References
Batch Absorption of CO<sub>2</sub> by Free and Microencapsulated Carbonic Anhydrase (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBatch Absorption of CO2 by Free and Microencapsulated Carbonic AnhydraseDouglas N. Dean, Michael J. Fuchs, John M. Schaffer, and Ruben G. CarbonellCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamen. 1977, 16, 4, 452–458Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i160064a010https://doi.org/10.1021/i160064a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views104Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
An Analysis of the Respective Risks of Hematoma Formation in 361 Consecutive Morphological and Functional Stereotactic Procedures (2002)

In this series, the risk of bleeding was not higher for morphological procedures than for functional procedures. This suggests that the risk of bleeding for stereotactic procedures is related more to the patient than to the type of procedure performed. Our study confirms an overall risk of bleeding of 1.7% for any type of stereotactic procedure, resulting in a mortality of 0.3% and a morbidity of 1.4%.
MeshDV: A Distance Vector mobility-tolerant routing protocol for Wireless Mesh Networks (2005)

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