gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studying Socialization and Learning about Oneself in the Classroom (1986)

This paper describes an experimental effort in a sociology class to learn about so-cialization and about oneself from personal experience. With the help of autobiogra-phies and self-disclosure sessions, problematic and/or &quot;irrational &quot; areas of everyday life were examined. The distress engendered, and the accompanying emotion, were brought into special focus by each class member. These everyday experiences were considered in light of past experiences in the socialization process to which they seemed connected. The outcome of this effort, it was hypothesized, would lead to improvement in the lives of student participants. Self-reports of students themselves provided evidence in support of the hypothesis. I Although psychoanalytically oriented theories are popular among clinicians and some educators, they currently face formidable challenges from a series of new approaches to human growth and development. The new approaches offer the promise of understanding ourselves in ways that make higher levels of well-
The indentation of thin rubber sheets by spherical indentors (1965)

The indentation of vulcanized rubber sheets of various thicknesses by rigid spherical indentors has been examined experimentally for a variety of conditions. The results are shown to fit a modified form of the expression derived by Hertz from classical elasticity theory for the indentation of a ball into a semi-infinite elastic medium.
Catalytic Tri-reforming of Methane Using Flue Gas from Fossil Fuel-based Power Plants (2002)

The present work is an exploratory study on a new process for the production of synthesis gas (CO + H2) using CO2 in flue gas from fossil fuel-based electric power plants. The existing processes for synthesis gas production from methane or natural
Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibody Treatment of Human Herpesvirus 8-Associated, Body Cavity-Based Lymphoma with an Unusual Phenotype in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Negative Patient (2001)

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), or Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, is a gammaherpesvirus first detected in Kaposi's sarcoma tumor cells and subsequently in primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) tumor cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from PEL patients. PEL has been recognized as an individual nosologic entity based on its distinctive features and consistent association with HHV-8 infection. PEL is an unusual form of body cavity-based B-cell lymphoma (BCBL). It occurs predominantly in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients but occasionally also in elderly HIV-negative patients. We describe a case of PEL, with ascites, bilateral pleural effusions, and a small axillary lymphadenopathy, in a 72-year-old HIV-negative man. PCR performed on a lymph node specimen and in liquid effusion was positive for HHV-8 and negative for Epstein-Barr virus. The immunophenotype of the neoplastic cells was B CD19+ CD20+ CD22+ with coexpression of CD10 and CD23 and with clonal kappa light chain rearrangement. The patient was treated with Rituximab, a chimeric (human-mouse) anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. Thirteen months later, the patient continued in clinical remission. This is the first report of an HHV-8-associated BCBL in an HIV-negative patient in Argentina.
Targeted therapy in lung cancer: IPASS and beyond, keeping abreast of the explosion of targeted therapies for lung cancer. (2013)

Advances in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) over the last decade have predominantly involved the development of therapies directed at molecular targets such as mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or rearrangements in the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene. Other targets have been discovered at low frequency, with multiple agents approved or in development for treatment of these rare molecular subtypes. The tumour microenvironment has also provided opportunities for therapies targeting angiogenesis and the host immune response. This review will provide an overview of current targeted therapies in NSCLC and promising treatment approaches on the horizon.
Deep Learning Based Automated Extraction of Intra-Retinal Layers for Analyzing Retinal Abnormalities (2018)

Extraction of retinal layers from optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans is critical for analyzing retinal anomalies and manual segmentation of these retinal layers is a very cumbersome task. Recently, deep learning has gained much popularity in medical image analysis due to its underlying precision and robustness. Many researchers have utilized deep learning for extracting retinal layers from OCT images. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no literature available that presents a robust segmentation framework that is able to extract retinal layers from OCT scans having different retinal pathological syndromes. Therefore, this paper presents a deep convolutional neural network and structure tensor-based segmentation framework (CNN-STSF) for the fully automated segmentation of up to eight retinal layers from normal as well as diseased OCT scans. First of all, the proposed framework computes coherent tensor from the candidate scan through which retinal layers are extracted. Afterwards, the pixels representing the layers are further classified using cloud based deep convolutional neural network (CNN) model trained on 1,200 retinal layers patches. CNN model in the proposed framework computes the probability of each layer pixels and assign it to be part of that layer for which it has the highest probability. The proposed framework was tested and validated on more than 39,000 retinal OCT scans from different publicly available datasets and from local Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology (AFIO) dataset where it outperformed all the existing solutions by achieving the overall layer segmentation accuracy of 0.9375.
Dopamine‐dependent increases in phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) during precipitated morphine withdrawal in primary cultures of rat striatum (2003)

Chronic morphine leads to compensatory up-regulation of cAMP signaling pathways in numerous brain regions. One potential consequence of up-regulated cAMP signaling is increased phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), a transcription factor that may regulate neuroadaptations related to morphine dependence. Altered gene expression within the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a ventral component of the striatum that receives substantial dopaminergic input, may play a role in some of the motivational aspects of opiate withdrawal. To determine if morphine withdrawal leads to increased CREB phosphorylation in striatal tissues, we examined the effects of naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal on CREB phosphorylation in primary cultures of rat striatal neurons. Precipitated morphine withdrawal was associated with enhanced dopamine-, SKF 82958 (D1 receptor agonist)-, and forskolin-induced CREB phosphorylation. During precipitated withdrawal, D1 receptor-mediated CREB phosphorylation was dependent on cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). Precipitated withdrawal also led to up-regulation of c-fos mRNA in response to SKF 82958. CREB protein levels were not altered by acute or chronic morphine. These results suggest that D1 receptor-mediated signal transduction is enhanced during morphine withdrawal. Furthermore, they are consistent with in vivo evidence suggesting that increased CREB activation in portions of the striatum (e.g. the NAc) is related to dysphoric states associated with drug withdrawal.
THE ACTION OF HYDROGEN PHOSPHIDE ON FORMALDEHYDE. II<sup>1</sup> (1930)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE ACTION OF HYDROGEN PHOSPHIDE ON FORMALDEHYDE. II1Alfred HoffmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1930, 52, 7, 2995–2998Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1930Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1930https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01370a065https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01370a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views333Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Analysis and update of the human aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) gene family (2005)

The aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) gene superfamily encodes enzymes that are critical for certain life processes and detoxification via the NAD(P)(+)-dependent oxidation of numerous endogenous and exogenous aldehyde substrates, including pharmaceuticals and environmental pollutants. Analysis of the ALDH gene superfamily in the latest databases showed that the human genome contains 19 putatively functional genes and three pseudogenes. A number of ALDH genes are upregulated as a part of the oxidative stress response and inexplicably overexpressed in various tumours, leading to problems during cancer chemotherapy. Mutations in ALDH genes cause inborn errors of metabolism--such as the Sjögren-Larsson syndrome, type II hyperprolinaemia and gamma-hydroxybutyric aciduria--and are likely to contribute to several complex diseases, including cancer and Alzheimer's disease. The ALDH gene products appear to be multifunctional proteins, possessing both catalytic and non-catalytic properties.
A1 adenosine receptor activation induces ventriculomegaly and white matter loss (2002)

A1 adenosine receptors (A1ARs) are widely expressed in the brain during development. To examine whether A1AR activation can alter postnatal brain formation, neonatal rats from postnatal days 3 to 14 were treated with the A1AR agonist N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) in the presence or absence of the peripheral A1AR antagonist 8-(p-sulfophenyl)-theophylline (8SPT). CPA or CPA + 8SPT treatment resulted in reductions in white matter volume, ventriculomegaly, and neuronal loss. Quantitative electron microscopy revealed reductions in total axon volume following A1AR agonist treatment. We also observed reduced expression of myelin basic protein in treated animals. Showing that functional A1ARs were present over the ranges of ages studies, high levels of specific [3H]CCPA binding were observed at PD 4, 7 and 14, and receptor-G protein coupling was present at each age. These observations show that activation of A1ARs with doses of CPA that mimic the effects of high adenosine levels results in damage to the developing brain.
High-resolution 3D microwave imaging of a moving target using optical motion capture (2019)

Active three-dimensional (3D) microwave and millimeter-wave imaging is useful for a variety of applications including concealed weapon detection, in-wall imaging, non-destructive evaluation, and others. High-resolution imaging is usually performed using a fixed two-dimensional planar or cylindrical aperture that is defined using a two-dimensional array or precise mechanical scanning of a transceiver or sequentially-switched linear antenna array. For some applications, it is more convenient to manually translate a linear array over the scene of interest, or equivalently, move the target in front of the linear array to scan an effective aperture. Manually scanning the array or target creates several challenges for accurately focusing, or reconstructing, an image of the target. The motion of the array or target must be known accurately, typically with precision of 0.05-0.1 wavelengths. Additionally, the image reconstruction algorithm needs to be able to compensate for aperture shapes which are highly non-uniformly sampled, and which are not of a specific canonical shape such as planar or cylindrical. This paper explores high-resolution 3D microwave imaging of a moving target by using optical motion capture to track the moving target and develops highly versatile image reconstruction techniques that account for the irregular motion. Several experimental results are shown for moving targets in front of a fixed linear array.
Synthesis of Tin Oxide Precursors and Related Germanium and Lead Compounds (1996)

The goals of this study were to synthesize volatile tin(II) hexafluoroisopropoxide complexes for use as precursors to tin oxide or fluorine-doped tin oxide and to prepare related germanium(II) and lead(II) compounds. M(N(SiMe3)2)2 reacts with 2 equiv of RfOH (Rf = CH(CF3)2) and 1 equiv of added amine, L, to give M(ORf)2L (M = Ge, L = py or H2NPh; M = Sn, L = HNMe2 or py; M = Pb, L = p-pyNMe2) in high yield. Alternatively, Sn(ORf)2(HNMe2) can be prepared by reacting Sn(NMe2)2 with RfOH. X-ray crystallographic studies of Ge(ORf)2(H2NPh) and Sn(ORf)2(HNMe2) show they are monomers with trigonal pyramidal geometries. An X-ray structure of the Pb compound shows it is the dimer [Pb(μ-ORf)(ORf)(p-pyNMe2)]2. Pb(NMe2)2 reacts with 3 equiv of RfOH to give [Me2NH2][Pb(ORf)3], which an X-ray structure shows is the dimer {[Me2NH2][Pb(μ-ORf)(ORf)2]}2. Both Pb dimers are held together by weak dative Pb−O interactions. Sn(N(SiMe3)2)2 reacts with 2 equiv of RfOH in the absence of added amine to give amine-free Sn(ORf)2. By analogy to known tin(II) alkoxide and related compounds, Sn(ORf)2 is proposed to be a dimer with two bridging alkoxide ligands. The tin compounds are volatile solids, an important criterion for their possible use as conventional tin oxide precursors in chemical vapor deposition processes.
Antigenicity of the<i>Leishmania infantum</i>histones H2B and H4 during canine viscerocutaneous leishmaniasis (1999)

In this study we show that sera from dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum contain antibodies that specifically react against the parasite H2B and H4 histones. The Leishmania H2B and the amino-terminal region of the histone H4, expressed as fusion proteins, when confronted with sera from canine viscerocutaneous leishmaniasis (VCL) dogs, were recognized by 63% and 47%, respectively. No reactivity was detected when sera from dogs naturally infected with pathogens other than Leishmania were used. Using a collection of synthetic peptides covering the complete sequence of both proteins, we have determined that the main linear antigenic determinants are located in the amino-terminal domains of these histones. The humoral response against histones H2B and H4 induced during canine leishmaniasis was found to be specific for Leishmania histones, since no cross-reactivity of the VCL sera with mammal histones was observed. Also, a comparative study of the prevalence of antibodies among VCL sera against the four core histones of L. infantum was performed. Although a large heterogeneity of the humoral responses against these proteins was found, histones H2A and H3 seem to be more prevalent immunogens than histones H2B and H4 during canine natural leishmaniasis. The origin of the anti-histone humoral response and its possible implications in the pathogenesis of Leishmania infection are discussed.
Water: A chemical solution. A global experiment for the International Year of Chemistry (2010)

In 2011, the International Year of Chemistry, school students around the world will be invited to explore one of Earth’s most critical resources, water. The results of their investigations will contribute to a Global Experiment, which will possibly become the biggest chemistry experiment ever.
Leaching of metal oxides (2011)

The leaching of metal oxides in acids has been investigated. The experiments were focussed on the leaching of ferric oxides in perchloric, hydrochloric, sulphuric, oxalic and malonic acids. Additional studies were made of the leaching of aluminum, cuprous, cupric and manganous oxides in the above acids. In dilute solutions of the acids (<0.2M), the rates of leaching of the oxides showed a dependence on the mean activity of the acids (a[sub ±]) varying between first and second order. In acids which do not form strong complexes with the metal ions considered, e.g. HC10₄, the order was approximately one; in acids with strong complexing power the order was close to two. In more concentrated acids (>0.2M), the order decreased progressively by one unit (i.e. from 1 to 0 or 2 to 1), with increasing acidity. The addition of ferrous salts to oxalic and malonic acids greatly enhanced the rates of leaching of ferric oxides. A general mechanism for the direct leaching of metal oxides in acids has been proposed. It is postulated that the oxide surface becomes rapidly hydroxylated, followed by the successive adsorptions of hydrogen ions, anions of the acid and again hydrogen ions at hydroxylated sites. With the exception of dehydrated aluminum oxides, the kinetics of the leaching of the oxides in acids were consistent with the assumption that the rate determining step was the desorption of metal species which are formed at the oxide surface during the above adsorption reactions. For the dissolution of dehydrated aluminum oxides, it appeared that the rate of surface hydroxylation was rate-controlling under some conditions. The adsorption pre-equilibria could be correlated to the pH of zero-point of charge (Z.P.C.) of the oxide surface. Oxide surfaces exhibiting a high pH of Z.P.C, e.g. Cu₂O, CuO and MnO, are suggested to become more rapidly saturated by ionic species from solution with increasing acidity than oxide surfaces having a lower pH of Z.P.C, e.g. α-Fe₂O₃. This saturation of the oxide surface is postulated to be the reason for the observed decreasing dependence of the rates of leaching on a[sub ±] with increasing acidity. It is also concluded that the complexing ability of the acids for metal ions is essentially correlated with the rates of desorption of the metal-anion species formed at the oxide surface. The catalytic effect of ferrous ion additions to oxalic and malonic acids is explained by an electrochemical mechanism involving the formation and rapid desorption of ferrous and ferric species at the ferric oxide surface.
Multiprocessor EDF and deadline monotonic schedulability analysis (2004)

Schedulability tests are presented for preemptive earlier-deadline-first and deadline-monotonic scheduling of periodic or sporadic real-time tasks on a single-queue m-server system, in which the deadline of a task may be less than or equal to the task period. These results subsume and generalize several known utilization-based multiprocessor schedulability tests, and are derived via an independent proof.
Transfer of bovine frozen embryos by one step straw method. (1983)

The present experiment was aimed to improve the procedures for nonsurgical transfer of frozen-thawed embryos in cattle. Four morulas and one early blastocyst were collected nonsurgically from two donor heifers of Japanese Black breed at Days 7 of estrous cycle. The embryos were held at room temperature for 5 h before freezing in Whittingham's modified Dulbecco's PBS containing 20% bovine serum and appropriate antibiotics.A straw of 0.25 ml capacity for freezing was filled with three compartments, each separated by small air bubbles. The middle compartment contained the embryo in PBS with 1 mole glycerol as cryoprotectant.The upper and lower compartments contained 0.3 mole sucrose solution with 20% bovine serum.After 27 days of preservation at -196 C, the contents were thawed at 37 C and mixed by shaking. Ten min later the embryos in the straw were transferred nonsurgically to five recipients two of which were diagnosed as pregnant by rectal palpation one at 40 and the other at 60 days later.
Fusing LIDAR and images for pedestrian detection using convolutional neural networks (2016)

In this paper, we explore various aspects of fusing LIDAR and color imagery for pedestrian detection in the context of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which have recently become state-of-art for many vision problems. We incorporate LIDAR by up-sampling the point cloud to a dense depth map and then extracting three features representing different aspects of the 3D scene. We then use those features as extra image channels. Specifically, we leverage recent work on HHA [9] (horizontal disparity, height above ground, and angle) representations, adapting the code to work on up-sampled LIDAR rather than Microsoft Kinect depth maps. We show, for the first time, that such a representation is applicable to up-sampled LIDAR data, despite its sparsity. Since CNNs learn a deep hierarchy of feature representations, we then explore the question: At what level of representation should we fuse this additional information with the original RGB image channels? We use the KITTI pedestrian detection dataset for our exploration. We first replicate the finding that region-CNNs (R-CNNs) [8] can outperform the original proposal mechanism using only RGB images, but only if fine-tuning is employed. Then, we show that: 1) using HHA features and RGB images performs better than RGB-only, even without any fine-tuning using large RGB web data, 2) fusing RGB and HHA achieves the strongest results if done late, but, under a parameter or computational budget, is best done at the early to middle layers of the hierarchical representation, which tend to represent midlevel features rather than low (e.g. edges) or high (e.g. object class decision) level features, 3) some of the less successful methods have the most parameters, indicating that increased classification accuracy is not simply a function of increased capacity in the neural network.
Relaxin secretion in early pregnancy. (1979)

Relaxin is a peptide hormone produced solely by the corpus luteum of pregnant women. Extracts of human pregnancy corpora lutea have relaxin activity in bioassay systems. This activity can be measured in a heterologous porcine radioimmunoassay (RIA). Immunoreactive relaxin was undetectable in the RIA in 51 nonpregnant women. In conception cycles, relaxin immunoactivity is detectable in peripheral blood by the time of the missed menses. Relaxin detection may be used as a pregnancy test. Relaxin may be an important luteal factor, together with progesterone, in early pregnancy maintenance.
Reduced Impact Bonded Insulated Joint Designs (2006)

This research explores ways to extend service life of bonded insulated joints (IJs), which are considered impediments to expanding heavy-axle-load bulk commodity service, even as other track components have improved in the past decade or more. Bonded IJ performance has remained the same or worsened under heavier traffic, with average lives of 170-200 mgt. Factors affecting service life are explored, and new designs are analyzed. Some aspects of new designs include vertically stiffer joints, lower relative movement and more durable components. A taper cut design shows promise, and future work will involve refinements of that approach.