gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a Bacterial Laminaribiose Phosphorylase (2012)

Bacterial laminaribiose phosphorylase (LBP(bac)) was first identified and purified from cell-free extract of Paenibacillus sp. YM-1. It phosphorolyzed laminaribiose into α-glucose 1-phosphate and glucose, but did not phosphorolyze other glucobioses. It slightly phosphorolyzed laminaritriose and higher laminarioligosaccharides. The specificity of the degree of polymerization of the substrate was clearly different from that of the enzyme of Euglena gracilis (LBP(Eug)): LBP(bac) was more specific to laminaribiose than LBP(Eug). It showed acceptor specificity in reverse phosphorolysis similar to LBP(Eug). Cloning of the gene encoding LBP(bac) (lbpA) has revealed that LBP(bac) is a member of the glucoside hydrolase family 94, which includes cellobiose phosphorylase, cellodextrin phosphorylase, and N,N'-diacetylchitobiose phosphorylase. The genes that encode the components of an ATP-binding cassette sugar transporter specific to laminarioligosaccharides were identified upstream of lbpA, suggesting that the role of LBP(bac) is to utilize laminaribiose generated outside the cell. This role is different from that of LBP(Eug), which participates in the utilization of paramylon, the intracellular storage 1,3-β-glucan.
BMP-2 can inhibit bone healing: Bone-chamber study in rabbits (1996)

We came across a bone growing situation in which BMP-2 inhibits bone formation. Collagen sponges with BMP-2 were inserted in titanium bone chambers in rabbits. In this model, bone formation occurs spontaneously. With 2.4 and 0.12 micrograms BMP-2 per mm3 of the chamber volume, bone ingrowth was reduced to 16% and 42% of collagen controls, respectively. Sponges with 2.4 micrograms BMP-2 per mm3 that were placed in a similar titanium chamber in an intramuscular subfascial site induced bone formation in 4 cases of 5. The BMP-2 concentrations used are considered optimal for extraskeletal bone induction, and intramuscular sponges in rats all induced bone. The inhibitory effect is most likely model-related, but indicates unknown effects of BMP-2.
Statistical antenna selection for spatial multiplexing systems (2003)

Spatial multiplexing is a signaling strategy for achieving high spectral efficiencies in communication links that employ multiple transmit and multiple receive antennas. In such systems, it is desirable to use only a subset of the available transmit and/or receive antennas to reduce cost and complexity. We address the problem of optimal antenna subset selection in spatial multiplexing systems when only the second-order statistics of the channel are available. We derive selection criteria for both the maximum likelihood and zero forcing receivers, motivated by minimizing the average symbol error rate. We characterize the antenna selection gain and show that both coding gain and diversity gain is possible. We then use Monte Carlo simulations to validate our analysis.
Isolation of a glucosyltransferase from <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> active in the metabolism of the persistent pollutant 3,4‐dichloroaniline (2003)

The pollutant 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA) was rapidly detoxified by glucosylation in Arabidopsis thaliana root cultures, with the N-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-DCA exported into the medium. The N-glucosyltransferase (N-GT) responsible for this activity was purified from Arabidopsis suspension cultures and the resulting 50 kDa polypeptide analysed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) following tryptic digestion. The protein was identified as GT72B1. The GT was cloned and the purified recombinant enzyme shown to be highly active in conjugating DCA and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, as well as several other chlorinated phenols and anilines, demonstrating both N-GT and O-GT activity. GT72B1 showed little activity towards natural products with the exception of the tyrosine catabolite 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid. Both O-GT and N-GT activities were enhanced in both plants and cultures treated with herbicide safeners, demonstrating the chemical inducibility of this detoxification system in Arabidopsis.
Comparative Cell Culture Effects of Shape Memory Metal (Nitinol&reg;), Nickel and Titanium: A Biocompatibility Estimation (1992)

Nitinol is an equiatomic alloy of nickel and titanium which has been attracting increasing interest in the field of biomedical engineering. To quantify toxicity as a preliminary evaluation of biocompatibility, inhibition of mitosis in human fibroblasts in tissue cultures exposed to test materials is an accepted screening method, although a dose-effect relationship had never been investigated. In this experiment, the effect of an increasing dose exposure to Nitinol, nickel or titanium on human fibroblasts in cell cultures was tested in subgroups in comparison with a control group. The results showed that nickel induces a significant (p < or = 0.05) inhibition of mitosis in human fibroblasts, whereas no significant effects of this kind were found for titanium or Nitinol. According to the results of these studies, Nitinol is to be considered in this respect biocompatible and comparable to titanium, which would seem to justify application as a surgical implant.
Solid‐phase thermal polymerization of macrocyclic ethylene terephthalate dimer using various transesterification catalysts (2000)

Thermal ring-opening polymerization of a uniform macrocyclic ethylene terephthalate dimer with and without catalyst was investigated for the first time. Although polymerization progressed without a catalyst, the reaction was extremely slow and all the products were colored. Various transesterification catalysts were tested for their activity toward this ring-opening polymerization. Among the various catalysts, 1,3-dichloro-1,1,3,3-tetrabutyldistannoxane exhibited the highest catalytic activity, and a colorless polymer with a weight-average molecular weight of 36,100 was obtained in 100% yield by heating for 3 min at 200 °C. It is noteworthy that our method does not need a vacuum because no side products are formed during the process. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 3360–3368, 2000
Synthesis, Spectral and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Some New 8‐Membered Phosphorus Heterocyclic Compounds. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Effect of Seat Angle and Lumbar Support on Seated Buttock Pressure (1988)

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a lumbar support at two seat angles (0 degrees and 10 degrees of posterior tilt) on the area of highest buttock pressure. Twenty able-bodied subjects were seated on a pressure-sensing transducer incorporated into an adjustable chair (ischiobarograph). A video camera on the underside of the transducer detected changes in light levels in direct relation to pressure application. The camera output was processed by a microcomputer system that converted the signal into nine colors, each representing a distinct pressure interval in the range of 0 to more than 500 mm Hg. The microcomputer determined the area of each pressure interval before and after a 10-degree posterior tilt of the seat and lumbar support placement. The results demonstrated high test-retest reliability for each position (r = .95). A significant decrease in the six highest pressure intervals occurred when the lumbar support was used in both the upright and reclined positions (p less than .05). The results of this study have implications for wheelchair-dependent individuals.
Expression of asparagine synthetase in rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>) roots in response to nitrogen (2002)

The expression of asparagine synthetase (AS; EC 6.3.5.4) in response to externally supplied nitrogen was investigated with respect to enzyme activity and protein levels as detected immunologically in rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings. The asparagine content was very low in leaves and roots of nitrogen-starved rice plants but increased significantly after the supply of 1 mM NH4+ to the nutrient solution. While neither AS activity nor AS protein could be detected in leaves and roots prior to the supply of nitrogen, levels became detectable in roots but not in leaves within 12 h of the supply of 1 mM NH4+ or 10 mM glutamine. Other nitrogen compounds, such as nitrate, glutamate, aspartate and asparagine had no effect. Methionine sulfoximine completely inhibited the NH4+-induced accumulation of AS protein but did not affect the glutamine-induced accumulation of the enzyme. The results suggested that glutamine or glutamine-derived metabolites regulate AS expression in rice roots.
DC to 40 GHz coaxial-to-microstrip transition for 100- mu m-thick GaAs substrates (1989)

The design, design approach, and test results are presented for a simple coaxial-to-microstrip transition. The approach provides improved performance over the basic coaxial-to-microstrip transition by causing a TEM-to-quasi-TEM transformation through a tapering of the coaxial line for 432+or-51 mu m (<<6% of lambda /sub 0/ at 40 GHz) prior to impinging a portion of the resultant quasi-TEM field directly across the microstrip's dielectric at the coaxial-microstrip interface. Tests show that the return loss for the transition into a 50- Omega microstrip line on a 100- mu m-thick GaAs substrate is better than 16.9 dB per transition from 200 MHz to 40 GHz. A cover having a height of 1.9 mm and a width of 2.6 mm had little or no influence on test results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Evaluation of cationic micropeptides derived from the innate immune system as inhibitors of marine biofouling (2015)

A series of 13 short synthetic amphiphilic cationic micropeptides, derived from the antimicrobial iron-binding innate defence protein lactoferrin, have been evaluated for their capacity to inhibit the marine fouling process. The whole biofouling process was studied and microfouling organisms such as marine bacteria and microalgae were included as well as the macrofouling barnacle Balanus improvisus. In total 19 different marine fouling organisms (18 microfoulers and one macrofouler) were included and both the adhesion and growth of the microfoulers were investigated. It was shown that the majority of the peptides inhibited barnacle cyprid settlement via a reversible nontoxic mechanism, with IC50 values as low as 0.5 μg ml(-1). Six peptides inhibited adhesion and growth of microorganisms. Two of these were particularly active against the microfoulers with MIC-values ranging between 0.01 and 1 μg ml(-1), which is comparable with the commercial reference antifoulant SeaNine.
Staged Sanctity (2000)

Book Review| August 01 2000 Staged Sanctity Inci Eviner: hiçbiryer-gövde-burasi (nowherebody-here), Kazim Tashkent Art Gallery, Istanbul, Turkey March 1 -25, 2000Inci Eviner: hiçbiryer-gövde-burasi (nowherebody-here)Istanbul, Yapi Kredi Kiiltur Sanat Yayincilik, 2000 105 pp./$10.00 (sb) Susan Platt Susan Platt Susan Platt is a contributing editor to Art Papers. Her most recent book is Art and Politics in the 1930s: Modernism, Marxism,Americanism, A History of Cultural Activism During the Depression Years. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Afterimage (2000) 28 (1): 13–14. https://doi.org/10.1525/aft.2000.28.1.13a Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Susan Platt; Staged Sanctity. Afterimage 1 August 2000; 28 (1): 13–14. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/aft.2000.28.1.13a Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAfterimage Search This content is only available via PDF. © 2000 by The Regents of the University of California2000 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
<i>Ccl2/Cx3cr1-</i>Deficient Mice: An Animal Model for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2008)

A broad spectrum of AMD pathologies with early onset and high penetrance in these mice implicate certain chemokines, A2E and endoplasmic reticulum proteins in AMD pathogenesis.
Milestones in understanding allergy and its diagnosis (2002)

Summary The prevalence of allergic conditions continues to increase, affecting up to 40% of the population in some countries. Our understanding of the processes of allergy began in 1869, when Blackley first connected hay fever with pollen. In 1911, Dale and Laidlaw discovered that histamine was the principal mediator of anaphylaxis. This led to the development of the first antihistamine, in 1942. In 1968 the WHO International Immunoglobulin Reference Centre officially declared the discovery of IgE based on the work of Bennich, Ishizaka and Johansson. The importance of IgE in allergy is such that the definition of allergic disease is based on the presence of allergen‐specific IgE. Access to IgE allowed experimental, immunochemical studies in vitro . Research activity in the field of immunology increased enormously and generated more important knowledge, including the discovery and characterization of leukotrienes, cytokines and histamine receptors. The involvement of other cells in the allergy process was described. In parallel with the elucidation of the processes involved in allergy came the development of new drug treatments. The first anti‐allergy agents were the antihistamines. Later came sodium cromoglycate and corticosteroids. Immunotherapy was first used in the early 1900s but became less popular with the development of anti‐allergy drugs. Now, however, there is a resurgence of interest in the technique. The discovery that there are two subtypes of T‐helper (Th) cells, which produce different cytokines, and that the Th2 subtype appears to produce cytokines associated with allergy has opened new avenues of research that hold promise for reducing the prevalence of allergy in the population, either by preventing its development or by treatments that can drive the immune system towards a Th1 bias.
A Cell-Free Assay System for β-Catenin Signaling That Recapitulates Direct Inductive Events in the Early <i>Xenopus laevis</i> Embryo (1999)

In vertebrate embryos, signaling via the beta-catenin protein is known to play an essential role in the induction of the dorsal axis. In its signaling capacity, beta-catenin acts directly to affect target gene transcription, in concert with transcription factors of the TCF/LEF family. We have developed a cell-free in vitro assay for beta-catenin signaling activity that utilizes transcriptionally active nuclei and cytoplasm from cleavage-blocked Xenopus laevis embryos. Under these assay conditions, we demonstrate that either addition of beta-catenin protein or upstream activation of the beta-catenin signaling pathway can induce the expression of developmentally relevant target genes. Addition of exogenous beta-catenin protein induced expression of Siamois, XTwin, Xnr3, and Cerberus mRNAs in a protein synthesis independent manner, whereas a panel of other Spemann organizer-specific genes did not respond to beta-catenin. Lithium induction of the beta-catenin signaling pathway, which is thought to cause beta-catenin accumulation by inhibiting its proteasome-dependent degradation, caused increased expression of Siamois in a protein synthesis independent fashion. This result suggests that beta-catenin derived from a preexisting pool can be activated to signal, and that accumulation of this activated form does not require ongoing synthesis. Furthermore, activation of the signaling pathway with lithium did not detectably alter cytoplasmic beta-catenin levels and was insensitive to inhibition of the proteasome- dependent degradation pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that activation of beta-catenin signaling by lithium in this system may occur through a distinct activation mechanism that does not require modulation of levels through regulation of proteasomal degradation.
Antiinflammatory sydnones. 1 (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntiinflammatory sydnones. 1H. Wagner and John B. HillCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1974, 17, 12, 1337–1338Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00258a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00258a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views188Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Deposition and bioadhesion properties of polymer multilayers: An <i>in‐situ</i>‐ATR‐FTIR‐study (1999)

Abstract The multilayer formation by consecutive deposition of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes and the protein adsorption at the outermost layer was investigated by in‐situ attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy. For the polyelectrolyte multilayer generation the polycation / polyanion pairs poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) / sodium poly(maleic acid‐co‐propylene) (PMAPP) and poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) / poly(acrylic acid) (PAC) respectively, were used. The v(CO)‐ and the v as (COO)‐band due to COOH‐ und CO − ‐groups of the polyacid/polyanion as well as the v(OH) band due to desorbed water were used for monitoring the multilayer build up. By the multilayer surface modification we were able to diminuish or enhance significantly the adsorption of the model plasma protein human serum albumine (HSA), as a measure for bioadhesion, in dependence on the character of the outermost layer. This protein resistence mainly was attributed to the repulsion between the like charges of the outermost adsorbed polyanion layer (e.g. PAC) und the acidic HSA (IEP=4.7). Vice versa it could be shown, that HSA was bound by an outermost polycation layer by a factor >10 stronger compared to an outermost polyanion layer. Furthermore studies on protein adsorption at multilayers built up by the reactive polymer pair poly(butadienepoxide) (PBDE) / poly(allylamine) (PAA) were introduced.
High-Speed Voltage-Control Spintronics Memory (High-Speed VoCSM) (2017)

We propose a new spintronics-based memory architecture with 2 MTJs and 4 transistors as a unit cell for high-speed application. The architecture employs spin-Hall effect as a writing principle and voltage-control-magnetic-anisotropy (VCMA) effect as a write speed acceleration. We successfully demonstrated the unique complementary flash-writing scheme and proved a potential of ultrahigh speed writing with the prototype unit-cell and the test-element.
Morphology and Thermal Properties of Calcium Alginate/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composites (2018)

Calcium alginate (CaAlg) is a kind of biodegradable and eco-friendly functional material, and CaAlg/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composites are expected to be applied as new textile, heat-generating, and flame-retardant materials. In this paper, the CaAlg/rGO composites were prepared by a sol-gel method and their morphological and thermal properties were studied. The results showed that the introduction of rGO can efficiently improve the thermal stability of CaAlg. Further study showed that rGO increased the carbon formation rate by 4.1%, indicating that the thermal stability was improved by the promotion of carbon formation. Moreover, the weight loss rate of the composites was faster at 180⁻200 °C than that of CaAlg, after which the rate was less comparatively, suggesting the better thermal stability of the composite. This maybe because the high heat transfer efficiency of rGO allowed the material to reach the temperature of the thermal decomposition of the glycan molecule chain within a short time, and then promoted carbon formation. The thermal cracking mechanism of the composites is proposed based on the experimental data.
Effects of Cu diffusion from ZnTe:Cu/Ti contacts on carrier lifetime of CdS/CdTe thin film solar cells (2008)

We study the performance of CdS/CdTe thin film PV devices processed with a ZnTe:Cu/Ti contact to investigate how carrier lifetime (τ) in the CdTe layer is affected by Cu diffusion from the contact. Time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) measurements show that τ decreases slightly as the contacting temperature increases in the temperature regime that produces “insufficient” Cu concentration in CdTe (∼room temperature to ∼250° C). However, τ increases significantly once the contact temperature is in the range that yields “optimum” Cu concentration and high-performance devices (∼280 to ∼320°C). At higher substrate temperatures (≫∼300° C), τ drops precipitously, consistent with a region previously identified as producing “excessive” Cu concentration - and poor device performance. The observed τ increase within the “optimum temperature” range not only suggests why high-performance devices may form at these contact temperatures using many different contact processes (including paste contacts), but may provide a significant clue as to why Cu-contact formation processes impart a broad latitude in other process parameters.