gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Outliers detection by fuzzy classification method for model building (2009)

Optical Proximity Correction (OPC) is used in lithography to increase the achievable resolution and pattern transfer fidelity for IC manufacturing. Nowadays, immersion lithography scanners are reaching the limits of optical resolution leading to more and more constraints on OPC models in terms of simulation reliability. The detection of outliers coming from SEM measurements is key in OPC [1]. Indeed, the model reliability is based in a large part on those measurements accuracy and reliability as they belong to the set of data used to calibrate the model. Many approaches were developed for outlier detection by studying the data and their residual errors, using linear or nonlinear regression and standard deviation as a metric [8]. In this paper, we will present a statistical approach for detection of outlier measurements. This approach consists of scanning Critical Dimension (CD) measurements by process conditions using a statistical method based on fuzzy CMean clustering and the used of a covariant distance for checking aberrant values cluster by cluster. We propose to use the Mahalanobis distance [2] in order to improve the discrimination of the outliers when quantifying the similarity within each cluster of the data set. This fuzzy classification method was applied on the SEM CD data collected for the Active layer of a 65 nm half pitch technology. The measurements were acquired through a process window of 25 (dose, defocus) conditions. We were able to detect automatically 15 potential outliers in a data distribution as large as 1500 different CD measurement. We will discuss about these results as well as the advantages and drawbacks of this technique as automatic outliers detection for large data distribution cleaning.
Improving video event retrieval by user feedback (2017)

In content based video retrieval videos are often indexed with semantic labels (concepts) using pre-trained classifiers. These pre-trained classifiers (concept detectors), are not perfect, and thus the labels are noisy. Additionally, the amount of pre-trained classifiers is limited. Often automatic methods cannot represent the query adequately in terms of the concepts available. This problem is also apparent in the retrieval of events, such as bike trick or birthday party. Our solution is to obtain user feedback. This user feedback can be provided on two levels: concept level and video level. We introduce the method Adaptive Relevance Feedback (ARF) on video level feedback. ARF is based on the classical Rocchio relevance feedback method from Information Retrieval. Furthermore, we explore methods on concept level feedback, such as the re-weighting and Query Point Modification (QPM) methods as well as a method that changes the semantic space the concepts are represented in. Methods on both concept level and video level are evaluated on the international benchmark TRECVID Multimedia Event Detection (MED) and compared to state of the art methods. Results show that relevance feedback on both concept and video level improves performance compared to using no relevance feedback; relevance feedback on video level obtains higher performance compared to relevance feedback on concept level; our proposed ARF method on video level outperforms a state of the art k-NN method, all methods on concept level and even manually selected concepts.
Hydrogen Evolution from Pt/Ru-Coated p-Type WSe<sub>2</sub> Photocathodes (2012)

Crystalline p-type WSe(2) has been grown by a chemical vapor transport method. After deposition of noble metal catalysts, p-WSe(2) photocathodes exhibited thermodynamically based photoelectrode energy-conversion efficiencies of >7% for the hydrogen evolution reaction under mildly acidic conditions, and were stable under cathodic conditions for at least 2 h in acidic as well as in alkaline electrolytes. The open circuit potentials of the photoelectrodes in contact with the H(+)/H(2) redox couple were very close to the bulk recombination/diffusion limit predicted from the Shockley diode equation. Only crystals with a prevalence of surface step edges exhibited a shift in flat-band potential as the pH was varied. Spectral response data indicated effective minority-carrier diffusion lengths of ∼1 μm, which limited the attainable photocurrent densities in the samples to ∼15 mA cm(-2) under 100 mW cm(-2) of Air Mass 1.5G illumination.
Novel binaphthyl-containing bi-nuclear boron complex with low concentration quenching effect for efficient organic light-emitting diodes (2010)

OLEDs employing CMB1, a novel binaphthyl-containing bi-nuclear boron complex, as the emitter exhibited bright yellow emission with a luminous efficiency of 2.1 cd A(-1).
Genes of the <i>N</i> -Methylglutamate Pathway Are Essential for Growth of Methylobacterium extorquens DM4 with Monomethylamine (2014)

Monomethylamine (MMA, CH3NH2) can be used as a carbon and nitrogen source by many methylotrophic bacteria. Methylobacterium extorquens DM4 lacks the MMA dehydrogenase encoded by mau genes, which in M. extorquens AM1 is essential for growth on MMA. Identification and characterization of minitransposon mutants with an MMA-dependent phenotype showed that strain DM4 grows with MMA as the sole source of carbon, energy, and nitrogen by the N-methylglutamate (NMG) pathway. Independent mutations were found in a chromosomal region containing the genes gmaS, mgsABC, and mgdABCD for the three enzymes of the pathway, γ-glutamylmethylamide (GMA) synthetase, NMG synthase, and NMG dehydrogenase, respectively. Reverse transcription-PCR confirmed the operonic structure of the two divergent gene clusters mgsABC-gmaS and mgdABCD and their induction during growth with MMA. The genes mgdABCD and mgsABC were found to be essential for utilization of MMA as a carbon and nitrogen source. The gene gmaS was essential for MMA utilization as a carbon source, but residual growth of mutant DM4gmaS growing with succinate and MMA as a nitrogen source was observed. Plasmid copies of gmaS and the gmaS homolog METDI4690, which encodes a protein 39% identical to GMA synthetase, fully restored the ability of mutants DM4gmaS and DM4gmaSΔmetdi4690 to use MMA as a carbon and nitrogen source. Similarly, chemically synthesized GMA, the product of GMA synthetase, could be used as a nitrogen source for growth in the wild-type strain, as well as in DM4gmaS and DM4gmaSΔmetdi4690 mutants. The NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase respiratory complex component NuoG was also found to be essential for growth with MMA as a carbon source.
Risk of nonshunt abdominal operation in the patient with cirrhosis. (1994)

We conclude that elective, nonshunt abdominal operations can be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality rates in selected patients with cirrhosis.
Observing a function of the state (1973)

This paper discusses a well known change of co-ordinates for multiple output systems from a different viewpoint, and a new, simplified, low order observer design. The discussion of the transformation given here exhibits more of the system structure than previous presentations. The observer design procedure does not require explicitly performing a change of basis on the system, and includes the construction of the linear transformation relating the system state to the asymptotic observer state.
Efficient separation of ethylene from acetylene/ethylene mixtures by a flexible-robust metal–organic framework (2017)

During the production of polymer-grade ethylene, trace amounts of acetylene (about 1%) in the ethylene feed need to be reduced to 40 parts per million (ppm).
Inhibition of heme oxygenase‐1 by zinc protoporphyrin IX reduces tumor growth of LL/2 lung cancer in C57BL mice (2006)

Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 is a key player reducing cytotoxicity and enhancing protumoral effects of nitric oxide (NO). We examined zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) IX, an HO-1 inhibitor, to affect tumor growth of LL/2 mouse lung cancer cells. ZnPPIX reduced HO-1 expression and HO activity in LL/2 cells, whereas cobalt PPIX (CoPPIX), an HO-1 activator, increased both. LL/2 cells treated with sodium nitropurusside, an NO donor, showed growth inhibition dose-dependently, which was enhanced by ZnPPIX cotreatment, but was reduced by CoPPIX. In mice tumors, ZnPPIX decreased HO-1 expression. LL/2-tumors were found in 88% (7/8) vehicle-treated mice, whereas tumors were found in 38% (3/8) and 25% (2/8) mice treated with 5 and 20 microg/mouse ZnPPIX, respectively (p = 0.0302). Tumor growth was inhibited dose-dependently by ZnPPIX. Vascular endothealial growth factor concentration in tumors was reduced by ZnPPIX (p = 0.0341). Microvessel density (MVD) in ZnPPIX-treated tumors was lower than that in vehicle-treated tumors (p = 0.0362). Apoptotic cell count in ZnPPIX-treated tumors was higher than that in vehicle-treated tumors (p = 0.0003). In contrast, CoPPIX treatment increased HO-1 expression, enhanced tumorigenicity and MVD and reduced apoptosis. From these findings, inhibition of HO-1 by ZnPPIX provides relevant antitumoral effects.
Faster and more reliable absorption of adrenaline by aerosol inhalation than by subcutaneous injection. (1991)

1. The aim of the present study was to compare absorption of adrenaline given by aerosol spray inhalation with absorption after subcutaneous injection. 2. Arterial plasma adrenaline was measured in nine healthy volunteers following adrenaline administration by both methods. 3. Following inhalation of 20 puffs of adrenaline aerosol, 0.15 mg/puff, a peak arterial adrenaline concentration after 1 min and a rapid fall to baseline from this peak occurred. 4. When given by subcutaneous injection absorption was slower with a peak arterial adrenaline concentration after 4 min. The fall in arterial adrenaline from this peak level was not statistically significant within 30 min after injection. 5. There was less intersubject variation of arterial adrenaline concentration following inhalation when compared with injection. 6. Heart rate, blood pressure and finger tremor followed the changes in arterial adrenaline concentrations. 7. These results indicate that absorption is more reliable when adrenaline is given by inhalation. The rapid fall in arterial adrenaline following inhalation, suggests that repeated inhalations are necessary when such adrenaline therapy is required.
Kinetic properties of the GABAA receptor main conductance state of mouse spinal cord neurones in culture. (1989)

1. The kinetic properties of the main conductance state of gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABA) receptor channels from somata of mouse spinal cord neurones in cell culture were investigated using patch clamp techniques. 2. Whole-cell GABA receptor currents increased in a concentration-dependent manner from 0.5 to 5 microM. 3. Single-channel currents were recorded with a main conductance state of 27.2 pS and a less frequent conductance state of 15.9 pS. The main conductance state opened singly and in bursts of several openings. 4. Mean open times of GABA receptor main conductance currents were increased and open-time frequency histograms were shifted to longer times as GABA concentration was increased from 0.5 to 5 microM. Three exponential functions were required to fit the histograms at all GABA concentrations, suggesting that the channel opened into at least three open states (O1, O2 and O3). The three functions had the same time constants (1.0 +/- 0.2, 3.7 +/- 0.4 and 11.3 +/- 0.5 ms; mean +/- S.D.) at each concentration. The increase in long open times with concentration was due to a shift in relative frequency of occurrence of openings from the shortest (O1) to the two longest (O2 and O3) open states. 5. Closed-time distributions of closures between main conductance state openings were fitted with multiple exponential functions, suggesting that the channel had several closed states. The two shortest time constants (0.24 +/- 0.03 and 2.0 +/- 0.3 ms) were concentration independent (0.5 to 5 microM). Three longer time constants decreased as concentration increased. 6. Bursts were defined as groups of openings surrounded by closures greater than a critical closed time (tc = 5 ms). Mean burst durations were increased and burst duration frequency histograms were shifted to longer times as GABA concentration was increased from 0.5 to 5 microM. Burst-duration frequency histograms were best fitted with three exponential functions. The time constants were concentration independent and were 1.0 +/- 0.2, 5.5 +/- 0.2 and 29.8 +/- 1.6 ms. The increase in burst duration with concentration was due to a relative shift from short duration bursts to longer duration bursts. 7. The shortest burst time constant was similar to the shortest open time constant suggesting that there was a population of single openings of short duration. The two longest burst time constants were longer than the two longest open time constants, suggesting that the bursts from the two longest burst components were composed of two or more openings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Cleavage targets and the <scp>D</scp>-arginine-based inhibitors of the West Nile virus NS3 processing proteinase (2005)

Mosquito-borne WNV (West Nile virus) is an emerging global threat. The NS3 proteinase, which is essential for the proteolytic processing of the viral polyprotein precursor, is a promising drug target. We have isolated and biochemically characterized the recombinant, highly active NS3 proteinase. We have determined that the NS3 proteinase functions in a manner that is distantly similar to furin in cleaving the peptide and protein substrates. We determined that aprotinin and D-arginine-based 9-12-mer peptides are potent inhibitors of WNV NS3 with K(i) values of 26 nM and 1 nM respectively. Consistent with the essential role of NS3 activity in the life cycle of WNV and with the sensitivity of NS3 activity to the D-arginine-based peptides, we showed that nona-D-Arg-NH2 reduced WNV infection in primary neurons. We have also shown that myelin basic protein, a deficiency of which is linked to neurological abnormalities of the brain, is sensitive to NS3 proteolysis in vitro and therefore this protein represents a convenient test substrate for the studies of NS3. A three-dimensional model of WNV NS3 that we created may provide a structural guidance and a rationale for the subsequent design of fine-tuned inhibitors. Overall, our findings represent a foundation for in-depth mechanistic and structural studies as well as for the design of novel and efficient inhibitors of WNV NS3.
Minimally invasive electrical impedance spectroscopy of skin exemplified by skin cancer assessments (2004)

Clinically relevant information in electrical skin impedance spectra is diluted by the electrical properties of stratum corneum. Eliminating stratum corneum would improve the signals from the tissue. The aim of this paper is to describe and investigate a new type of skin impedance probe with a dedicated surface structure that penetrates through stratum corneum but not into dermis, called the minimally invasive probe. Skin impedance measurements with the minimally invasive probe showed that the effect of the stratum corneum was substantially reduced compared to regular non-invasive skin impedance. The minimally invasive impedance technique is believed to facilitate skin cancer diagnosis.
The occlusion effect and its reduction (2007)

The occlusion effect is a major problem for hearing aid wearers. If unsolved, it makes their own voice sound un-natural, and if solved it can severely limit the gain that can be achieved without feedback oscillation. It appears to be caused by the jaw vibrating to a much greater magnitude than the other bones of the skull, because of the much lower weight of the jaw. Jaw vibration then causes one wall of the ear canal to vibrate with respect to the opposing wall. A new solution to the occlusion effect is to add a second, inward-looking microphone to a hearing aid. This microphone senses the occlusion-induced sound pressure within the ear canal, inverts it, and feeds it back to the receiver to partially cancel the occlusion-induced sound pressure. The processing operates according to well-established rules of negative feedback, an important component of which is ltering to ensure that gain around the loop is less than unity for any frequency at which phase shifts cause the feedback to be positive. Occlusion reduction of 15 dB in the target frequency range is achievable, and as this is the same magnitude as the occlusion effect for the average hearing aid wearer, active occlusion reduction can completely remove occlusion for the average wearer, despite having little or no venting. Because the active occlusion reduction also cancels any sound entering the ear canal via any small vent or leakage path, the processing allows electronic ampli cation to be provided, even with negative gains if desired. This substantially widens the range of frequencies over which directional microphones and adaptive noise suppression can be effective.
Meaningful maps with object-oriented semantic mapping (2017)

For intelligent robots to interact in meaningful ways with their environment, they must understand both the geometric and semantic properties of the scene surrounding them. The majority of research to date has addressed these mapping challenges separately, focusing on either geometric or semantic mapping. In this paper we address the problem of building environmental maps that include both semantically meaningful, object-level entities and point- or mesh-based geometrical representations. We simultaneously build geometric point cloud models of previously unseen instances of known object classes and create a map that contains these object models as central entities. Our system leverages sparse, feature-based RGB-D SLAM, image-based deep-learning object detection and 3D unsupervised segmentation.
Volatile substances from male Anastrepha fraterculus wied. (Diptera: Tephritidae): identification and behavioural activity (2001)

Volatile compounds produced by calling males of Anastrepha species have previously been reported from A. ludens and A. suspensa. Both species mate in the afternoon, release a similar range of compounds in different proportions, and only differ in the production of monoterpenes. When calling, male A. fraterculus releases two isomers of the sesquiterpene alpha-farnesene, three lactones (anastrephin, epianastrephin and (E,E)-suspensolide), and two monoterpenes (limonene and (Z)-beta-ocimene). The dimorphic male salivary glands produce and/or store the same isomers of alpha-farnesene and suspensolide, and four pyrazines. Two of these compounds have been previously reported from male A. ludens and A. suspensa. Salivary glands from virgin calling male A. fraterculus showed behavioural activity when bioassayed with virgin mature female flies, but immature females were not attracted.
Low-Temperature NMR Characterization of Reaction of Sodium Pyruvate with Hydrogen Peroxide (2015)

It was proposed that the reaction of sodium pyruvate and H2O2 generates the intermediate 2-hydroperoxy-2-hydroxypropanoate, which converts into acetate, CO2, and H2O ( Aleksankin et al. Kernenergie 1962 , 5 , 362 - 365 ). These conclusions were based on the products generated in (18)O-enriched water and H2O2 reacting with pyruvic acid at room temperature; however, the lifetime of 2-hydroperoxy-2-hydroxypropanoate at room temperature is too short for direct spectroscopic observation. Therefore, we applied the combination of low-temperature and (13)C NMR techniques to verify, for the first time, the formation of 2-deuteroperoxy-2-deuteroxypropanoate in mixtures of D2O and methanol-d4 and to monitor directly each species involved in the reaction between D2O2 and (13)C-enriched pyruvate. Our NMR results confirm the formation of 2-deuteroperoxy-2-deuteroxypropanoate, where the respective chemical shifts are supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. At near-neutral apparent pD (pD*) and -35 °C, the formation of 2-deuteroperoxy-2-deuteroxypropanoate occurred with k = 2.43 × 10(-3) dm(3)·mol(-1)·s(-1). The subsequent decomposition of 2-deuteroperoxy-2-deuteroxypropanoate into acetate, CO2, and D2O occurred with k = 2.58 × 10(-4) s(-1) at -35 °C. In order to provide a full kinetic analysis, we also monitored the equilibrium of pyruvate and methanol with the hemiacetal (2-deuteroxy-2-methoxypropanoate). The kinetics for the reaction of sodium pyruvate and D2O2 were fitted by taking into account all these equilibria and species.
Isozyme Ratios of Human Serum 5‘‐Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase (1978)

The presence of five isozymes of 5′‐nucleotide phosphodiesterase in human sera and the use of the fast‐moving isozyme‐V as a diagnostic aid for human primary and secondary hepatoma (liver metastasis) have been reported from our laboratories. The present paper describes further work in the use of isozyme ratio for the possible discrimination of the two groups of patients. Tissue enzyme study has defined both IV and V as from liver, and III from colon. The ratios for V/IV and (IV + V)/III were therefore possibly significant for this purpose. Our sampling indicates that for primary hepatoma V/IV = 0.78±0.56 and for liver metastasis V/IV = 0.96±0.57 (p>0.05). On the other hand (V + IV)/III = 0.76 ±0.52 for primary hepatoma, and (V + IV)/III = 1.12±0.64 for secondary hepatoma (p == 0.05). It is therefore possible to improve the discrimination of secondary hepatoma from primary hepatoma with the aid of isozyme ratio study. Clusters in scatterogram for these groups are discussed.
Early efficacy trial of anakinra in corticosteroid-resistant autoimmune inner ear disease (2014)

NIH, Merrill & Phoebe Goodman Otology Research Center, and Long Island Hearing & Speech Society.
Long-term immunobiological effects of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin against bladder carcinoma recurrences. (1992)

Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin is a highly effective therapy against superficial bladder cancer recurrences and urothelial carcinoma in situ, the antitumoral effects of which seem to be linked to immunological effector mechanisms. To characterize further these mechanisms which contribute to the long-term effectiveness of BCG therapy, the local mononuclear cell subsets as well as the local cytokine production were assessed in the bladder wall of patients receiving intravesical BCG immunotherapy with special regard to long-term persisting changes, using immuno-enzymatical staining methods. All patients exhibited a significant increase after BCG in the local mononuclear cell population, with a predominance of the helper T-cell subset. Immunocompetent cells expressed activation markers for a prolonged period. Furthermore, a significant increase in the local cytokine production after the initial course of BCG was demonstrable, which persisted even after 12 to 21 months. These changes suggest that the BCG-induced activation of the local immune system persists over a long period after an initial course of intravesical therapy.
Design of LDPC codes for the Advanced Satellite Broadcasting System (2008)

We have been studying an advanced satellite broadcasting system which is aimed at improving the Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting for Satellite (ISDB-S) system. By making use of LDPC codes and the reduced roll-off factor, this advanced system can increase its transmission channel capacity to 30% that of the ISDB-S one. Furthermore, by applying multi-level amplitude phase shift keying (M-APSK) modulation schemes, we can increase the transmission channel capacity. We report on LDPC codes that are designed for the transmission format of the advanced satellite broadcasting system. The computer simulation results of B/Q/8PSK performances under the AWGN channel model are also reported. We also discuss and report the optimization result gained from a computer simulation of the radius ratio of LDPC-coded 16APSK and 32APSK modulation, which is proposed in this advanced system, with respect to Bit Error Rate (BER) under the AWGN channel model.