gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Killing of naive T cells by CD95L-transfected dendritic cells (DC):in vivo study using killer DC-DC hybrids and CD4+ T cells from DO11.10 mice (2002)

Dendritic cells (DC) play the dual task of initiating cellular immunity against potentially harmful foreign antigens (Ag), while maintaining immunological tolerance to self-Ag and environmental Ag. As an approach to induce Ag-specific suppression, we and others introduced CD95 ligand (L) cDNA into DC. The resulting "killer" DC delivered apoptotic signals, instead of activation signals, to primed CD4(+) T cells in vitro and induced Ag-specific immunosuppression in vivo. To study the impact of killer DC on naive T cells, the fate of Ag-reactive T cells and the extent of their depletion after killer DC treatment, we performed in vitro and in vivo reconstitution experiments using: (a) killer DC-DC hybrids created between CD95L-transduced XS106 DC clone (A/J origin) and splenic DC from BALB/c mice, (b) CD4(+) T cells isolated from DO11.10 transgenic mice (BALB/c background), and (c) OVA(323-339) peptide as relevant Ag. Ovalbumin (OVA)-pulsed killer DC-DC hybrids inhibited DO11.10 T cell activation triggered by conventional DC, instead of inducing their activation. Rapid apoptosis of T cells was observed after co-culture with OVA-pulsed killer DC-DC hybrids, but not with non-pulsed killer DC-DC hybrids or OVA-pulsed control DC-DC hybrids. For in vivo reconstitution, (BALB/cxA/J)F1 mice received subcutaneous administration of killer DC-DC hybrids, followed by intravenous inoculation of DO11.10 T cells. Killer DC-DC hybrids migrated preferentially to draining lymph nodes albeit with relatively low efficiency (0.5-1% recovery) and they induced significant, but incomplete (30-40%) killing of DO11.10 T cells in this location. These results document the abilities of CD95L-transduced DC to trigger apoptosis of naive T cells in an Ag-specific manner, to overrule T cell activation signals delivered by conventional DC, and to reduce local frequencies of Ag-reactive T cells in vivo. Our data also uncover two major limitations (relatively low homing efficiency and incomplete elimination of Ag-reactive T cells) that remain to be overcome for clinical application of CD95L-transduced DC strategy.
The Amoroso Lecture The human spermatozoon – a cell in crisis? (1999)

A great deal of evidence has accumulated in recent years to suggest that there has been a gradual increase in male reproductive pathology over the past 30-40 years, as evidenced by increased rates of testicular cancer and declining semen quality. The hypothesis is advanced that this phenomenon is causally related to the ability of male germ cells to generate reactive oxygen metabolites. When produced in low levels, such metabolites are thought to enhance sperm function by stimulating DNA compaction and promoting a redox-regulated cAMP-mediated pathway that is central to the induction of sperm capacitation. When produced in excessive amounts, the same metabolites stimulate DNA fragmentation and a loss of sperm function associated with peroxidative damage to the sperm plasma membrane. Free radical-induced mutations in the male germ line may also be involved in the aetiology of childhood cancer and recent increases in the incidence of seminoma. In light of these considerations, establishing the mechanisms for free radical generation by the male germ line and determining the factors that influence this activity are important objectives for future research in this area.
An Inexpensive, Simple Protocol for DNA Isolation from Blood for High-Throughput Genotyping by Polymerase Chain Reaction or Restriction Endonuclease Digestion (2007)

We describe simple, inexpensive, and reliable methods for isolating DNA from avian blood, semen, or feather pulp. The procedures are readily applicable to high-throughput 96-well plate isolation for genotype analysis of chicken DNA based on restriction endonuclease digestion or PCR. Isolation cost is primarily the cost of a deep-well assay block and a few pipet tips; current price is less than 0.10 dollar per sample, providing a significant cost advantage over commercial kits. The procedure employs inexpensive, nonhazardous reagents and yields intact, double-stranded DNA from as little as 2 to 10 microL of avian blood, suitable for RFLP analysis or hundreds of PCR amplifications. We compared our method to published procedures for alkaline extraction from feather pulp and found our method to be more reliable with the advantage of isolating intact DNA sequences that can be easily quantified. With minor modifications, the method can isolate DNA for PCR genotyping from mammalian whole blood.
Green-Ampt Equation and the Soil Water Storage Depth in a Watershed Model (1995)

The assumption of a single-valued relationship between infiltration capacity and soil water storage depth is found in many deterministic watershed models. This is incorrect since it has been found that a non-unique relationship exists between the infiltration capacity and the depth. By considering the soil moisture wetting fronts, at the time of surface saturation, it was shown that the depth of a soil water storage tank is related to the cumulative infiltration volume into a soil. Also, it was identified that the depth will vary with the rainfall intensity, soil type and initial condition. Thus, watershed models using the soil water storage depth concept should have depths that vary with the above 3 variables. Equations based on the Green-Ampt infiltration equation, for both the ponding and rainfall cases, were derived. One of them was used to derive an equation for the depth of a soil water storage tank, in terms of the above 3 variables. Numerical examples showing the steps used to compute, (a) the volume of infiltration and runoff for a variable hyetograph; and (b), the saturated depth of a soil water storage tank are also given.
Empowerment and Performance (2003)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Empowerment Research: A Brief History in Context Psychological Empowerment Role Empowerment Organizational Empowerment Embedded Empowerment Conclusions and Future Directions References
Security Policy Consistency (2000)

With the advent of wide security platforms able to express simultaneously all the policies comprising an organization's global security policy, the problem of inconsistencies within security policies become harder and more relevant. We have defined a tool based on the CHR language which is able to detect several types of inconsistencies within and between security policies and other specifications, namely workflow specifications. Although the problem of security conflicts has been addressed by several authors, to our knowledge none has addressed the general problem of security inconsistencies, on its several definitions and target specifications.
Advanced Flash on Devices (2009)

AdvancED Flash on Devices begins with a discussion of the mobile development landscape—the different players, tools, hardware, platforms, and operating systems. The second part of the book covers Flas
Hand Gesture Recognition Based On Combined Features Extraction (2009)

Hand gesture is an active area of research in the vision community, mainly for the purpose of sign language recognition and Human Computer Interaction. In this paper, we propose a system to recognize alphabet characters (A-Z) and numbers (0-9) in real-time from stereo color image sequences using Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). Our system is based on three main stages; automatic segmentation and preprocessing of the hand regions, feature extraction and classification. In automatic segmentation and preprocessing stage, color and 3D depth map are used to detect hands where the hand trajectory will take place in further step using Mean-shift algorithm and Kalman filter. In the feature extraction stage, 3D combined features of location, orientation and velocity with respected to Cartesian systems are used. And then, k-means clustering is employed for HMMs codeword. The final stage so-called classification, Baum- Welch algorithm is used to do a full train for HMMs parameters. The gesture of alphabets and numbers is recognized using Left-Right Banded model in conjunction with Viterbi algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate that, our system can successfully recognize hand gestures with 98.33% recognition rate.
The Fast Convolution Neural Networks Applied to License Plate Recognition (2014)

In this paper, we propose a fast convolution neural network architecture to solve image document recognition problem, and this is a difficult problem because of ambient lighting conditions, and the images are usually noisy, broken or incomplete. We applied to license plate recognition and also analyzed the results of this mapping process and the number of different features.
Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and collagen IX are sensitive markers for the differentiation state of articular primary chondrocytes (2001)

Primary chondrocytes dedifferentiate in serial monolayer with respect to their morphological and biosynthetic phenotype. They change from a round to a flattened fibroblast-like shape, and collagen I is secreted instead of the cartilage-specific collagen II. We analysed in detail the time course of dedifferentiation of mature bovine articular chondrocytes in monolayer for up to 32 weeks. Assessment of RNA expression by reverse transcription-PCR led to the identification of two novel phenotypical markers, the cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and collagen IX, which are down-regulated faster than the widely accepted marker, collagen II. The different kinetics of COMP and collagen expression suggest differential regulation at the level of transcription. Immunostaining and metabolic labelling experiments confirmed the switch in the collagen expression pattern and the rapid down-regulation of de novo synthesis of COMP and collagen IX. Culture of chondrocytes in a three-dimensional matrix is known to stabilize the chondrocytic phenotype. We maintained cells for up to 28 weeks in an alginate bead system, which prevented dedifferentiation and led to a stabilization of collagen and COMP expression. Immunohistochemical analysis of the alginate beads revealed a similar distribution of matrix proteins to that found in vivo. Chondrocytes were transferred after a variable length of monolayer culture into the alginate matrix and the potential for redifferentiation was investigated. The re-expression of COMP and collagen IX was differentially regulated. The expression of COMP was re-induced within days after transfer into the three-dimensional matrix, while the expression of collagen IX was irreversibly down-regulated. In summary, these results demonstrate that the potential for redifferentiation decreases with increasing length of monolayer culture and show that the alginate bead system represents an attractive in vitro model to study the chondrocyte de- and re-differentiation processes, as well as extracellular matrix assembly.
Inhibition of DNA Binding by Differential Sumoylation of Heat Shock Factors (2006)

Covalent modification of proteins by the small ubiquitin-related modifier SUMO regulates diverse biological functions. Sumoylation usually requires a consensus tetrapeptide, through which the binding of the SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ubc9 to the target protein is directed. However, additional specificity determinants are in many cases required. To gain insights into SUMO substrate selection, we have utilized the differential sumoylation of highly similar loop structures within the DNA-binding domains of heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) and HSF2. Site-specific mutagenesis in combination with molecular modeling revealed that the sumoylation specificity is determined by several amino acids near the consensus site, which are likely to present the SUMO consensus motif to Ubc9. Importantly, we also demonstrate that sumoylation of the HSF2 loop impedes HSF2 DNA-binding activity, without affecting its oligomerization. Hence, SUMO modification of the HSF2 loop contributes to HSF-specific regulation of DNA binding and broadens the concept of sumoylation in the negative regulation of gene expression.
NARROW SHEATH1 functions from two meristematic foci during founder-cell recruitment in maize leaf development (2000)

The narrow sheath duplicate genes (ns1 and ns2) perform redundant functions during maize leaf development. Plants homozygous for mutations in both ns genes fail to develop wild-type leaf tissue in a lateral domain that includes the leaf margin. Previous studies indicated that the NS gene product(s) functions during recruitment of leaf founder-cells in a lateral, meristematic domain that contributes to leaf margin development. A mosaic analysis was performed in which the ns1-O mutation was exposed in hemizygous, clonal sectors in a genetic background already homozygous for ns2-O. Analyses of mutant, sectored plants demonstrate that NS1 function is required in L2-derived tissue layers for development of the narrow sheath leaf domain. NS1 function is not required for development of the central region of maize leaves. Furthermore, the presence of the non-mutant ns1 gene outside the narrow sheath domain cannot compensate for the absence of the non-mutant gene within the narrow sheath domain. NS1 acts non-cell autonomously within the narrow sheath-margin domain and directs recruitment of marginal, leaf founder cells from two discrete foci in the maize meristem. Loss of NS1 function during later stages of leaf development results in no phenotypic consequences. These data support our model for NS function during founder-cell recruitment in the maize meristem.
Cerebrovascular Diseases (2015)

Cerebrovascular Diseases is an international, interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles of broad interest to health professionals and researchers of stroke medicine and the study of cerebrovascular disease. The journal has a global perspective and considers articles covering prevention, diagnosis, management, rehabilitation,
Characterization of Alternanthera mosaic virus and its Coat Protein (2011)

A new isolate of Alternanthera mosaic virus (AltMV-MU) was purified from Portulaca grandiflora plants. It has been shown that the AltMV-MU coat protein (CP) can be efficiently reassembled in vitro under different conditions into helical RNA-free virus-like particles (VLPs) antigenically related to native virus. The AltMV-MU and VLPs were examined by atomic force and transmission electron microscopies. The encapsidated AltMV-MU RNA is nontranslatable in vitro. However, it can be translationally activated by CP phosphorylation or by binding to the TGB1protein from the virus-coded movement triple gene block.
Highly conducting transition metal derivatives of polyacetylene (1978)

Polyacetylene films have been oxidized with transition metal ions to give highly conducting polyolefinic cations; their conductivity can be modified by subsequent treatment with Lewis bases.
Associative memory neural network with low temporal spiking rates. (1989)

We describe a modified attractor neural network in which neuronal dynamics takes place on a time scale of the absolute refractory period but the mean temporal firing rate of any neuron in the network is lower by an arbitrary factor that characterizes the strength of the effective inhibition. It operates by encoding information on the excitatory neurons only and assuming the inhibitory neurons to be faster and to inhibit the excitatory ones by an effective postsynaptic potential that is expressed in terms of the activity of the excitatory neurons themselves. Retrieval is identified as a nonergodic behavior of the network whose consecutive states have a significantly enhanced activity rate for the neurons that should be active in a stored pattern and a reduced activity rate for the neurons that are inactive in the memorized pattern. In contrast to the Hopfield model the network operates away from fixed points and under the strong influence of noise. As a consequence, of the neurons that should be active in a pattern, only a small fraction is active in any given time cycle and those are randomly distributed, leading to reduced temporal rates. We argue that this model brings neural network models much closer to biological reality. We present the results of detailed analysis of the model as well as simulations.
Tonal Description of Polyphonic Audio for Music Content Processing (2006)

We present a method to extract a description of the tonal aspects of music from polyphonic audio signals. We define this tonal description using different levels of abstraction, differentiating between low-level signal descriptors and high-level textual labels. We also establish different temporal scales for description, defining some features as being attached to a certain time instant, and other global descriptors as related to a wider segment. The description is validated by estimating the key of a piece. We also propose the description as a tonal representation of the polyphonic audio signal to measure tonal similarity between audio excerpts and to establish the tonal structure of a musical piece.
Photochemical reactions of 1,8-divinylnaphthalene and 1,8-distrylnaphthalene (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemical reactions of 1,8-divinylnaphthalene and 1,8-distrylnaphthaleneJerrold Meinwald and James W. YoungCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 3, 725–731Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00732a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00732a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views510Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Drift leakage current in AlGaInP quantum-well lasers (1993)

The temperature dependence of threshold current and quantum efficiency for Ga/sub x/In/sub 1-x/P (x=0.4, 0.6; lambda =680, 633 nm) single 80-AA quantum-well lasers is compared and analyzed using a model for the electron leakage current. This model fits the experimental data well, correctly describing the rapid increase in threshold and drop in quantum efficiency as temperature increases. Also, it indicates that the drift (rather than diffusion) component of the electron leakage current, is dominant, because of the poor p-type conductivity in AlGaInP.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Flame and Smoke Retardants in Vinyl Chloride Polymers – Commercial Usage and Current Developments (2006)

The flame and smoke retardance of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is reviewed with emphasis on the chemical additives used to achieve acceptable fire properties in the principal application areas. Particular attention is given to the current ‘state-of-the-art’ of vinyl compounding in regard to the chemicals used. Representative formulations are shown for several of the main applica- tions of PVC.
Identification of MUP1 as a Regulator for Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Mice (2009)

Major urinary protein (MUP) 1 is a lipocalin family member abundantly secreted into the circulation by the liver. MUP1 binds to lipophilic pheromones and is excreted in urine. Urinary MUP1/pheromone complexes mediate chemical communication in rodents. However, it is unclear whether circulatory MUP1 has additional physiological functions. Here we show that MUP1 regulates glucose and lipid metabolism. MUP1 expression was markedly reduced in both genetic and dietary fat-induced obesity and diabetes. Mice were infected with MUP1 adenoviruses via tail vein injection, and recombinant MUP1 was overexpressed in the liver and secreted into the bloodstream. Recombinant MUP1 markedly attenuated hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance in genetic (db/db) and dietary fat-induced type 2 diabetic mice as well as in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice. MUP1 inhibited the expression of both gluconeogenic genes and lipogenic genes in the liver. Moreover, recombinant MUP1 directly decreased glucose production in primary hepatocyte cultures by inhibiting the expression of gluconeogenic genes. These data suggest that MUP1 regulates systemic glucose and/or lipid metabolism through the paracrine/autocrine regulation of the hepatic gluconeogenic and/or lipogenic programs, respectively.
Viscosity of multi-component molten nitrate salts : liquidus to 200 degrees C. (2010)

The viscosity of molten salts comprising ternary and quaternary mixtures of the nitrates of sodium, potassium, lithium and calcium was determined experimentally. Viscosity was measured over the temperature range from near the relatively low liquidus temperatures of he individual mixtures to 200C. Molten salt mixtures that do not contain calcium nitrate exhibited relatively low viscosity and an Arrhenius temperature dependence. Molten salt mixtures that contained calcium nitrate were relatively more viscous and viscosity increased as the roportion of calcium nitrate increased. The temperature dependence of viscosity of molten salts containing calcium nitrate displayed curvature, rather than linearity, when plotted in Arrhenius format. Viscosity data for these mixtures were correlated by the Vogel-Fulcher- ammann-Hesse equation.
Truly Distributed Coaxial Cable Sensing Based on Random Inhomogeneities (2019)

Rayleigh backscattering-based distributed fiber optic sensing technology is well known and widely used for large-scale structural health monitoring. Inspired by the Rayleigh backscattering-based sensing methodology on an optical fiber, in this paper, we present a sensing concept based on the random inhomogeneities on a coaxial cable. As an analogy of Rayleigh backscattering along an optical fiber length, “backscattering” also exists from a commercial coaxial cable due to its inherent defects along a cable length which induce a local variation (i.e., impedance mismatch). This is because of the irregular microscopic structures of the inner/outer conductors, and the inhomogeneous density or permittivity of the inner dielectrics after the cables are manufactured. The accumulated backscattered signals along the coaxial cable can be obtained using frequency-domain reflectometry. By analyzing the shift in the local backscattered signal, the local environmental perturbations (e.g., local strain or temperature) can be determined, so that truly distributed sensing capability using a coaxial cable can be achieved. To verify the proposed concept, an intact and commercial coaxial cable was demonstrated for distributed temperature sensing. Compared with the existing coaxial cable-based distributed sensing technologies, the proposed sensing concept does not need extra modifications to the coaxial cable and offers a truly distributed sensing capability.