gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Technical aspects of the administration of vaccines. (1997)

The practise of vaccination as a standard part of fish husbandry has led during the last 20 years to the adoption of a number of basic vaccination regimes based on an understanding of the principles involved and how to maximize protection. The strategies adopted depend on the species of fish, its husbandry, the disease against which protection is sought and the optimum timing within the growth cycle so that the predicted duration of protection coincides with the timing of any expected disease challenge. These and other parameters influencing the performance of vaccines are discussed in the context of what is practical and cost-effective in each circumstance and the risks involved in handling and administering vaccine by the different available methods.
Vibrational studies of molecular organization in evaporated phthalocyanine thin solid films (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVibrational studies of molecular organization in evaporated phthalocyanine thin solid filmsR. Aroca and A. ThedchanamoorthyCite this: Chem. Mater. 1995, 7, 1, 69–74Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00049a012https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00049a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views336Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of monomeric and oligomeric bis(acetylide) complexes of platinum and rhodium (1991)

Treatment of the complexes trans-[M(PBu3)2Cl2](M = Ni, Pd or Pt) with one equivalent of the reagent Me3SnCC–R–CCSnMe3(R =p-C6H4) affords the polymeric species trans-[–M(PBu3)2-CC–R–CC–]n, where as if two equivalents of the tin reagent are used in this reaction, when M = Pt, the complex trans-[Me3SnCC–R–CC–Pt(PBu3)2-CC–R–CCSnMe3] may be isolated, a precursor for further syntheses; the complex mer-trans-[Rh(PMe3)3(SnMe3)(CCPh)2] has been prepared by the addition of Me3SnCCPh to [Rh(PMe3)4][Cl], and this latter species, when treated with Me3SnCC–R′–CCSnMe3(R′=p-C6H4–C6H4–p), affords the oligomeric compound mer-trans-[–Rh(PMe3)3(SnMe3)–CC–R′–CC–]n.
A Critique of CCM. (2003)

CCM is a conventional authenticated-encryption scheme obtained from a 128-bit block cipher. The mechanism has been adopted as the mandatory encryption algorithm in an IEEE 802.11 draft standard [15], and its use has been proposed more broadly [16, 17]. In this note we point out a number of limitations of CCM. A related note provides an alternative to CCM [5].
Head Tracking with NintendoWiimote to view Terrain Maps (2008)

This research report aims to investigate the viability of creating an application for the purpose of interactively viewing 3d terrain maps with the motion of a user’s head by performing headtracking using the Nintendo Wiimote. This investigation begins by reviewing previous work done in the field of head tracking. It then details the theory of operation of the Nintendo Wiimote followed by a series of tests conducted on the Wiimote to verify its ability to reliably provide motion sensing data. A review and assessment of some of the various graphics programs and file formats used to render, view and store terrain map data is presented. Some of the available Wiimote api’s are also reviewed here. In conclusion it was found that the Wiimote doesn’t necessarily outperform previous technologies used for head tracking, however it does incorporate functionality which can greatly simplify head tracking systems. Also the combination of GlovePIE scripts and MeshLab showed the most potential for the development of a head-tracking-terrain-map-viewing application.
Exploiting <scp>microRNA</scp> regulation for genetic engineering (2012)

RNA interference (RNAi) has been a landmark discovery in science. A typical application is to knock down the expression of endogenous genes by delivering small interfering RNA (siRNA) into cells triggering the degradation of complementary mRNA. However, RNAi can also be exploited the other way round: making use of the huge diversity of endogenous microRNAs (miRNA), the expression of exogenously introduced genes tagged with artificial miRNA target sequences can be negatively regulated according to the activity of a given miRNA which can be tissue-, lineage-, activation- or differentiation stage specific. This has significantly expanded the regulatory potential of gene transfer vectors and will benefit both basic science and therapeutic applications. This review briefly introduces the reader to the technical basis for exploiting miRNA regulation, followed by a discussion of specific applications for miRNA-regulated vectors/viruses in basic research, gene- and virotherapy.
Optical computation of the Laplace operator using phase-shifted Bragg grating (2014)

Diffraction of a 3D optical beam on a multilayer phase-shifted Bragg grating (PSBG) is considered. It is shown that the PSBG enables optical computation of the spatial Laplace operator of the electromagnetic field components of the incident beam. The computation of the Laplacian is performed in reflection at normal incidence. As a special case, the parameters of the PSBG transforming the incident Gaussian beam into a Laguerre-Gaussian mode of order (1,0) are obtained. Presented numerical results demonstrate high quality of the Laplace operator computation and confirm the possibility of the formation of Laguerre-Gaussian mode. We expect the proposed applications to be useful for all-optical data processing.
Design considerations of the video compression system of the new DV camcorder standard (1997)

The digital camcorder system DV, which features advanced intra-frame DCT-based video compression, has been successfully introduced for the consumer and semi-professional user. This paper focuses on the design considerations and system issues that have resulted in the final video compression standard applied.
Flood scour monitoring system using fiber Bragg grating sensors (2006)

The exposure and subsequent undermining of pier/abutment foundations through the scouring action of a flood can result in the structural failure of a bridge. Bridge scour is one of the leading causes of bridge failure. Bridges subject to periods of flood/high flow require monitoring during those times in order to protect the traveling public. In this study, an innovative scour monitoring system using button-like fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors was developed and applied successfully in the field during the Aere typhoon period in 2004. The in situ FBG scour monitoring system has been demonstrated to be robust and reliable for real-time scour-depth measurements, and to be valid for indicating depositional depth at the Dadu Bridge. The field results show that this system can function well and survive a typhoon flood.
Elevated cytokinin content in ipt transgenic creeping bentgrass promotes drought tolerance through regulating metabolite accumulation (2011)

Increased endogenous plant cytokinin (CK) content through transformation with an adenine isopentyl transferase (ipt) gene has been associated with improved plant drought tolerance. The objective of this study is to determine metabolic changes associated with elevated CK production in ipt transgenic creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) with improved drought tolerance. Null transformants (NTs) and plants transformed with ipt controlled by a stress- or senescence-activated promoter (SAG12-ipt) were exposed to well-watered conditions or drought stress by withholding irrigation in an environmental growth chamber. Physiological analysis confirmed that the SAG12-ipt line (S41) had improved drought tolerance compared with the NT plants. Specific metabolite changes over the course of drought stress and differential accumulation of metabolites in SAG12-ipt plants compared with NT plants at the same level of leaf relative water content (47% RWC) were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The metabolite profiling analysis detected 45 metabolites differentially accumulated in response to ipt expression or drought stress, which included amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids, and organic alcohols. The enhanced drought tolerance of SAG12-ipt plants was associated with the maintenance of accumulation of several metabolites, particularly amino acids (proline, γ-aminobutyric acid, alanine, and glycine) carbohydrates (sucrose, fructose, maltose, and ribose), and organic acids that are mainly involved in the citric acid cycle. The accumulation of these metabolites could contribute to improved drought tolerance due to their roles in the stress response pathways such as stress signalling, osmotic adjustment, and respiration for energy production.
Software controlled power management (1999)

Reducing power consumption is critical in many system designs. Dynamic power management is an effective approach to decrease power without significantly degrading performance. Power management decisions can be implemented in either hardware or software. A recent trend on personal computers is to use software to change hardware power states. This paper presents a software architecture that allows system designers to investigate power management algorithms in a systematic fashion through a template. The architecture exploits the Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI), a standard for hardware and software. We implement two algorithms for controlling the power states of a hard disk on a personal computer running Microsoft Windows. By measuring the current feeding the hard disk, we show that the algorithms can save up to 25% more energy than the Windows power manager. Our work has two major contributions: a template for software-controlled power management and experimental comparisons of management algorithms for a hard disk.
A Boundary Tilting Persepective on the Phenomenon of Adversarial Examples (2016)

Deep neural networks have been shown to suffer from a surprising weakness: their classification outputs can be changed by small, non-random perturbations of their inputs. This adversarial example phenomenon has been explained as originating from deep networks being "too linear" (Goodfellow et al., 2014). We show here that the linear explanation of adversarial examples presents a number of limitations: the formal argument is not convincing, linear classifiers do not always suffer from the phenomenon, and when they do their adversarial examples are different from the ones affecting deep networks. We propose a new perspective on the phenomenon. We argue that adversarial examples exist when the classification boundary lies close to the submanifold of sampled data, and present a mathematical analysis of this new perspective in the linear case. We define the notion of adversarial strength and show that it can be reduced to the deviation angle between the classifier considered and the nearest centroid classifier. Then, we show that the adversarial strength can be made arbitrarily high independently of the classification performance due to a mechanism that we call boundary tilting. This result leads us to defining a new taxonomy of adversarial examples. Finally, we show that the adversarial strength observed in practice is directly dependent on the level of regularisation used and the strongest adversarial examples, symptomatic of overfitting, can be avoided by using a proper level of regularisation.
Hepatitis B virus x protein in the pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus‐induced hepatocellular carcinoma (2011)

Currently available evidence supports a role for the hepatitis B virus (HBV) x gene and protein in the pathogenesis of HBV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBx gene is often included, and remains functionally active, in the HBV DNA that is frequently integrated into cellular DNA during hepatocellular carcinogenesis. HBx protein promotes cell cycle progression, inactivates negative growth regulators, and binds to and inhibits the expression of p53 tumour suppressor gene and other tumour suppressor genes and senescence-related factors. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for HBx protein-induced HCC remain uncertain. Only some of the more fully documented or more recently recognised mechanisms are reviewed. During recent years evidence has accumulated that HBx protein modulates transcription of methyl transferases, causing regional hypermethylation of DNA that results in silencing of tumour suppressor genes, or global hypomethylation that results in chromosomal instability, thereby playing a role in hepatocarcinogenesis. HBx protein has both anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic actions, apparently contradictory effects that have yet to be explained. Particularly important among the anti-apoptotic properties is inhibition of p53. Recent experimental observations suggest that HBx protein may increase the expression of TERT and telomerase activity, prolonging the life-span of hepatocytes and contributing to malignant transformation. The protein also interferes with nucleotide excision repair through both p53-dependent and p53- independent mechanisms. Carboxy-terminal truncated HBx protein loses its inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and pro-apoptotic properties, and it may enhance the protein's ability to transform oncogenes. Dysregulation of IGF-II enhances proliferation and anti-apoptotic effects of oncogenes, resulting in uncontrolled cell growth.
Introduction (1998)

Not many today question the pre-eminence of Eugene O'Neill as America's leading playwright. The playwrights who followed him - Williams, Miller, and Albee, and, more recently, dramatists like Sam Shepard, David Mamet, and Tony Kushner - all have acknowledged their profound debt to him, as have younger playwrights in countries as remote from one another as Sweden and China. He is internationally recognized as the quintessential American dramatist of the twentieth-century world stage. Some are uncomfortable with what occasionally seems the melodramatic excess of even his most successful plays. There have been and continue to be vociferous nay-sayers about the playwright's work. But they are a relatively small minority, and many of those who express reservations about the excesses of earlier plays acknowledge that he “forged” those excesses (to use Jean Chothia's word) into a uniquely powerful medium that culminated in America's greatest tragedy, Long Day's Journey Into Night.
Phospholipase D activation is functionally linked to superoxide generation in the human neutrophil (1989)

Neutrophils stimulated with formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine (fMet-Leu-Phe) in the presence of butanol and ethanol formed phosphatidyl alcohols through a phospholipase D mechanism. The alcohols inhibited phosphatidic acid and diradylglycerol (DRG) formation, but did not block inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate release. fMet-Leu-Phe-stimulated superoxide production was inhibited by alcohol concentrations which blocked DRG formation, whereas opsonized-zymosan-stimulated superoxide production was only partially decreased. These results suggest that phospholipase D activation is functionally linked to superoxide production in the human neutrophil.
Kingdom of the Netherlands-Aruba: Statistical Appendix (2010)

This statistical appendix on the Kingdom of the Netherlands-Aruba
The Synthesis and the Properties of Trial Product Belite Admixture by Use of Dephosphorized Slag (2000)

The dephosphorized slag obtained from steel making process is a promising material for use as admixture in portland cement concrete. The synthesized belite (β-2Ca0·SiO2) admixture was developed by burning the dephosphorized slag at 1100°C. This synthesis contains a large amount of β-C2S, synthesized by nothing free-CaO components in the deshosphorized slag. The optimum mixing ratio and amounts of SiO2, CaO and the optimum burning temperature were determined. Though strength of mortar replaced OPC by 10-30mass% of the synthesized belite admixture was low at shorter ages, but it was expected to increases the strength at later ages. The adiabatic temperature rise was showed lower than OPC mortar. These properties was contributed by the existence of β-C2S in the synthesized belite admixture.
Selective electroless plating to fabricate complex three-dimensional metallic micro/nanostructures (2006)

We report on selective metal deposition over complex polymer structures formed by two-photon induced photopolymerization technique. Periodic three-dimensional micro/nanostructures are fabricated by means of a microlens array to produce multiple spots from a single-beam femtosecond laser. An electroless plating method is used to deposit a thin silver film onto the sample surface. The glass slide surface supporting the structures is chemically modified to avoid silver coating of the substrate. Our technique enables to produce complex metallic structures with arbitrary shapes under ambient conditions.
Spontaneous Development of Synchronous Oscillatory Activity During Maturation of Cortical Networks In Vitro (2002)

Recent studies have focused attention on mechanisms of spontaneous large-scale wavelike activity during early development of the neocortex. In this study, we describe and characterize synchronous neuronal activity that occurs in cultured cortical networks naturally without pharmacological intervention. The synchronous activity that can be detected by means of Fluo-3 fluorescence imaging starts to develop at the beginning of the second week in culture and eventually includes the entire neuronal population about 1 wk later. A synchronous increase of [Ca(2+)](i) in the neuronal population is associated with a burst of action potentials riding on a long-lasting depolarization recorded in a single cell. It is suggested that this depolarization results directly from synaptic current, which was comprised of at least three different components mediated by AMPA, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), and GABA(A) receptors. We never observed a gradually depolarizing pacemaker potential and found no evidence for a change of excitability during inter-burst periods. However, we found evidence for a period of synaptic depression after bursts. Network excitability recovers gradually over seconds from this depression that can explain the episodic nature of spontaneous network activity. Using pharmacological manipulation to investigate the propagation of activity in the network, we show that synchronous network activity depends on both glutamatergic and GABA(A)ergic neurotransmission during a brief period. Reversal potential of GABA(A) receptor-mediated current was found to be significantly more positive than resting membrane potential both at 1 and 2 wk in culture, suggesting depolarizing action of GABA. However, in cultures older than 2 wk, inhibition of GABA(A) receptors does not result in block of synchronous network activity but in modulation of burst width and frequency.
Bioavailability Studies of Acetaminophen and Nitrofurantoin (1974)

Peer Reviewed
A Mouse Model of Androgenetic Alopecia (2010)

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), commonly known as male pattern baldness, is a form of hair loss that occurs in both males and females. Although the exact cause of AGA is not known, it is associated with genetic predisposition through traits related to androgen synthesis/metabolism and androgen signaling mediated by the androgen receptor (AR). Current therapies for AGA show limited efficacy and are often associated with undesirable side effects. A major hurdle to developing new therapies for AGA is the lack of small animal models to support drug discovery research. Here, we report the first rodent model of AGA. Previous work demonstrating that the interaction between androgen-bound AR and beta-catenin can inhibit Wnt signaling led us to test the hypothesis that expression of AR in hair follicle cells could interfere with hair growth in an androgen-dependent manner. Transgenic mice overexpressing human AR in the skin under control of the keratin 5 promoter were generated. Keratin 5-human AR transgenic mice exposed to high levels of 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone showed delayed hair regeneration, mimicking the AGA scalp. This effect is AR mediated, because treatment with the AR antagonist hydroxyflutamide inhibited the effect of dihydrotestosterone on hair growth. These results support the hypothesis that androgen-mediated hair loss is AR dependent and suggest that AR and beta-catenin mediate this effect. These mice can now be used to test new therapeutic agents for the treatment of AGA, accelerating the drug discovery process.
N-Substituted Vanillamides (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTN-Substituted VanillamidesHarold Monsimer and Souren AvakianCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 3, 1093–1094Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01050a544https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01050a544research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views51Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Light transport in neonatal skin (1990)

The distribution of light in a tissue is determined by it's optical properties. Several techniques are available for determining a tissues optical properties, and models are available for predicting the distribution of light within a tissue of known optical properties. The accuracies of these models were compared.\nThe optical properties of neonatal skin were determined in the visible region from 450-750 nm. The reduced scattering coefficient, $\\mu\\sb{\\rm s}$(1-g), increases directly with gestational maturity of the infant. The increase in the reduced scattering coefficient with gestational maturity is due to the accompanying increase in size and density of the collagen fibers.\nIn neonatal skin, the optical density perceived by reflection, the depth probed by photons escaping from the surface, and their pathlength in the tissue are dependent on wavelength and on collection geometry. The penetration of visible light into neonatal skin is strongly dependent on wavelength and on gestational age.