gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Origins of the concept of store-operated calcium entry (2011)

The concept of capacitative or store-operated calcium entry, a process by which the release of stored calcium signals the opening of plasma membrane calcium channels, has its roots in the late 1970's, and was formalized in 1986.This short introduction to the current volume of Frontiers in Bioscience briefly summarizes the early experimental work that led to the idea of store-operated calcium entry, and provided the initial proofs for it.
<title>Extreme-ultraviolet laser photo-pumped by a self-healing Hg target</title> (1994)

A self-healing target has been demonstrated for synchronous photo-pumping of extreme- ultraviolet lasers. The threaded, mercury-wetted copper rod, rotating in a pool of mercury, offers similar photoionization efficiency as gold targets, but without target-surface degradation. A gain coefficient of 1.4 cm<SUP>-1</SUP> was obtained with mercury for the 1089 angstrom Xe<SUP>2+</SUP> laser at a pump-laser intensity of 140 GW(DOT)cm<SUP>-2</SUP>, comparing favorably with results from gold targets.
Transmission of MPEG-2 video streams over ATM (2002)

This paper addresses the relationship between video quality and network performance and how this relationship is important in delivering MPEG-2 video using ATM technology. Application layer quality of service (QoS) characteristics such as the frequency, duration, and severity of allowable audio and video impairments must be determined for MPEG-2 video services. Using these user-perceived QoS characteristics, ATM network layer requirements such as cell error ratio, cell loss ratio, and cell delay variation can be approximated. Preliminary results are presented on the effects of network impairments on video quality for MPEG-2 transport streams delivered over ATM using ATM adaptation layer 5 (AAL-5). Video quality is assessed by counting and classifying error events. The effects of AAL-5 encapsulation on video quality are reviewed, and the impact of decoding versus discarding AAL-5 packets with invalid cyclic redundancy checks is discussed. In addition, the effects of network jitter on decoder memory usage and synchronization requirements are presented. Both actual and simulated ATM network level impairments are reviewed, and recommendations are made on acceptable ranges for cell errors, cell loss, and cell delay variation parameters.
A Vector Matrix Iterative Self-Organizing Assistant Clustering Algorithm of XML Document (2008)

To improve the clustering quality of massive extensible markup language (XML) document clustering, this paper proposes a vector matrix iterative self-organizing assistant clustering algorithm of XML document (VMISACAX). The algorithm bases on the XML key, and transforms XML document into vector matrix, then carries out the optimizations of canceling, dissociating and uniting etc. In order to improve the convergence of the algorithm, a assistant strategy is imported to shorten the algorithm time under settling for clustering, to obtain best result of clustering by XML key's weights, but it doesn't always obtain the maximum distance's target of matrix vector clustering. Contrasted with other vector clustering algorithms, a series of emulation experiments show that this algorithm has proper the effectiveness and feasibility.
[Functional analysis of the human T-type calcium channel alpha 1H subunit gene in cellular proliferation]. (2002)

An increase in the functional expression of the T-type calcium (Ca) channel previously has been proposed to be associated with vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation although direct evidence for the channel causing these effects remains to be demonstrated. In this study, we provide evidence that stable over-expression of the alpha 1H subunit of the T-type Ca channel (CACNA1H) in HEK-293 cells confers a significant growth advantage. Over-expression of the alpha 1H subunit of the T-channel was confirmed in stable transfects by RT-PCR analysis using specific primer pairs and also by electrophysiology. Growth curve assays showed population doubling time for alpha 1H stable transfects was 14.0 +/- 0.4 h, whereas control cultures had a population doubling time of 22.1 +/- 1.1 h (n = 3, P < 0.05). In addition, total cell numbers significantly increased in stable transfects at all time points investigated from 48-120 h after plating (5 x 10(3) cells/well) compared with control cultures. Consistent with these findings flow cytometry showed that 53.9% of control cells were in G1, 34.5% in S and 11.6% in G2/M whereas alpha 1H transfectants displayed 45.6% of cells in G1, 44.6% in S and 9.8% in G2/M. Finally, the Western blotting results verified that the levels of protein expression of CDK2, cyclin A and cyclin E were relatively high in alpha 1H transfectants compared to control cultures. Our results demonstrate that the T-type Ca channel provides a growth advantage to HEK-293 cells when stably expressed and that it probably exerts these effects via control of the G1/S cell cycle mechanism.
High-affinity interleukin 2 receptor alpha and beta chains are internalized and remain associated inside the cells after interleukin 2 endocytosis. (1992)

High-affinity interleukin 2 (IL2) receptors on humanT lymphocytes are multimeric complexes containing two IL2-binding polypeptides, a and @ chains of 50-55 and 70-75 kDa, respectively, associated by noncovalent bonds.IL2 binds to high-affinity IL2 receptors on the surface of T lymphocytes, mediates cell growth, and is internalized.In this paper, we used a biochemical method to directly identify the receptors components internalized together with the ligand.12'I-IL2receptor complexes were solubilized with the detergent 3-[(3-cholamidopropyI)dimethylammonio]-l-propanesulfonate, and IL2-binding polypeptides were identified by cross-linking with disuccinimidyl suberate.Under such conditions, the noncovalent association between a and @ is maintained.After IL2 internalization, two complexes of about 70 and 90 kDa, IL2 crosslinked to a and B, respectively, were found inside the cells.Both components were immunoprecipitated with either anti-a or anti-@ monoclonal antibodies.This shows that the a and @ chains are found in an intracellular compartment after IL2 endocytosis, and remain associated as a ternary complex with IL2.Interleukin 2 (IL2),' a growth factor for T lymphocytes, transduces the growth signal through a specific receptor complex that binds IL2 with high affinity ( K d , 10-100 PM) (1-3).The high-affinity receptor complex consists of at least two distinct receptor components, the a chain of 50-55 kDa (4-8), and the p chain of 70-75 kDa (9-13).a and p polypeptides, when expressed on the cell surface without / 3 and a , respectively, bind IL2 with a lower affinity.They form low and intermediate affinity receptors, with dissociation constants of 10 and 1 nM, respectively.The very high affinity of functional receptors for the ligand is due to the combination of two properties of individual chains, the high association rate of IL2 to a chains, and the slow dissociation of IL2 to ( 3 chains (14, 15). a and ( I subunits are bound by noncovalent association to form high-affinity receptors (16), the structure of which has not been further determined.In addition to a and p, the ~5 6 ' ' ~ tyrosine kinase is associated to the p chain and
Reaching out: caring for women prisoners in Western Australia. (2015)

Incarcerated women are a vulnerable group with complex needs in pregnancy, birth and early parenting; and this is further complicated with a drug and/or alcohol addiction. Prior to the establishment of an antenatal outreach clinic in a Western Australian prison for women, pregnant inmates received fragmented antenatal care. Some of the women did not disclose drug and alcohol issues for fear of involvement of child protection services, and some refused to be transported for care to maternity hospitals for antenatal appointments.
Dynamic rate control for supporting ABR service in ATM networks (2002)

For supporting the available bit rate (ABR) service in ATM networks, existing feedback-based rate control schemes mostly employ a single static buffer threshold at each switching node as the forewarning of congestion. We first propose a continuous-based adaptive rate control mechanism which employs, logically, an infinite number of thresholds. The scheme achieves high link utilization and low (zero) cell loss ratio under highly bursty (deterministic) traffic, though at the expense of a high signaling overhead due to frequent adjustment of permitted rates. To reduce overhead, we further propose the stepwise-based rate control mechanism adopting a limited number of movable thresholds adapting to changes in departure rates. Compared to continuous-based control via simulation, stepwise-based control is shown to be efficient and accurate using only a reasonably low number of thresholds. Moreover, simulation results demonstrate that the stepwise-based mechanism outperforms existing schemes with respect to cell loss ratio and link utilization.
Small-cell mobile phone systems (1984)

The three major small-cell mobile phone systems now entering commercial use are described. These are the Bell system in the greater Chicago area, the Motorola system in the Baltimore/Washington area, and the Japanese system in the Tokyo area. The Bell system is described in some detail, including its procedure when reducing cell size, and the steps in setting up and in handing off a talking circuit. The major differences in the other systems are stated.
GEOLOGY AND PETROLEUM POTENTIAL OF THE KHORAT PLATEAU BASIN IN THE VIENTIANE AREA OF LAO P.D.R. (1997)

The Vientiane area of southern‐central Lao Peoples' Democratic Republic (Laos) includes an extension of the Khorat Plateau Basin, which covers most of neighbouring NE Thailand. This basin contains one producing gasfield and several other gas discoveries. The Vientiane area is in the initial stages of petroleum exploration, and no drilling has yet occurred. With the aid of new seismic data, the structure and stratigraphy of the Vientiane area are described in relation to the region's tectonic history. Some aspects of this history are still poorly understood. We suggest that the age of the regional base‐Khorat unconformity is Late Jurassic instead of Late Triassic as most previous studies have assumed. Recent studies have also shown that the structural inversion of the Khorat Group began in the mid‐Cretaceous and not in the Tertiary. With reference to published information from petroleum exploration in NE Thailand, new data from Laos are interpreted as showing that the Vientiane area has encouraging petroleum potential. Exploration risk, which is associated with the presence and reservoir quality of the Permian carbonates which form the primary target, is judged to be lowest in traps containing Permian palaeo‐highs.
Chemical Name Extraction Based on Automatic Training Data Generation and Rich Feature Set (2013)

The automation of extracting chemical names from text has significant value to biomedical and life science research. A major barrier in this task is the difficulty of getting a sizable and good quality data to train a reliable entity extraction model. Another difficulty is the selection of informative features of chemical names, since comprehensive domain knowledge on chemistry nomenclature is required. Leveraging random text generation techniques, we explore the idea of automatically creating training sets for the task of chemical name extraction. Assuming the availability of an incomplete list of chemical names, called a dictionary, we are able to generate well-controlled, random, yet realistic chemical-like training documents. We statistically analyze the construction of chemical names based on the incomplete dictionary, and propose a series of new features, without relying on any domain knowledge. Compared to state-of-the-art models learned from manually labeled data and domain knowledge, our solution shows better or comparable results in annotating real-world data with less human effort. Moreover, we report an interesting observation about the language for chemical names. That is, both the structural and semantic components of chemical names follow a Zipfian distribution, which resembles many natural languages.
Positive feedback control of neutral sphingomyelinase activity by ceramide (1998)

While ceramide has emerged as a potent signal transducer, inconsistencies in the kinetics of ceramide generation, or its absence, in response to stimuli have led to confusion and skepticism as to its potential role in apoptosis or proliferation. Here we show that in U937 and HL60 myeloid leukemia cells and in normal skin fibroblasts, cell-permeant ceramides can trigger neutral sphingomyelinase activation, sphingomyelin hydrolysis, and endogenous ceramide generation regardless of Bcl2 overexpression. These observations identify neutral sphingomyelinase as a novel target for ceramide and show that this positive feedback mechanism is responsible for signal propagation, as exemplified by mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in daunorubicin-treated cells. This study provides insight into a fundamental process of cell biology. Indeed, such a sustained ceramide-mediated signal throughout the apoptotic process would ensure self-destruction, perhaps by overriding evolutionary conserved primal cell survival mechanisms.
Physiorack: An integrated MRI safe/conditional, Gas delivery, respiratory gating, and subject monitoring solution for structural and functional assessments of pulmonary function (2013)

We demonstrate an inexpensive, off-the-shelf solution for monitoring these signals, facilitating assessments of lung function. Monitoring of respiratory efforts and exhaled gas concentrations assists in understanding the heterogeneity of lung function visualized by gas imaging.
Flexible S-band SSPA for Space Application (2008)

This paper presents a new methodology for reducing power consumption of power amplifiers from low level to high level RF power with minimal amplitude and phase variations. The study also highlights the important design considerations to achieve a good efficiency and excellent amplitude and phase tracking among the SSPAs.Using this methodology a flexible S band SSPA has been designed for the new generation of a mobile telecommunications satellite system.The SSPA provides 20 W output power in the multicarrier excitation signal with noise power ratio (NPR) higher than 15 dB and DC to RF efficiency greater than 35%. The DC power saving for 11 dB of output power back-off is more than 60% compared to a classical one.
A savings based method for real-life vehicle routing problems (2002)

This paper describes a Savings Based algorithm for the Extended Vehicle Routing Problem. This algorithm is compared with a Sequential Insertion algorithm on reallife data. Besides the traditional quality measures such as total distance traveled and total workload, we compare the routing plans of both algorithms according to nonstandard quality measures that help to evaluate the &quot;visual attractiveness&quot; of the plan. Computational results show that, in general, the Savings Based algorithm not only performs better with respect to these non-standard quality measures, but also with respect to the traditional measures. Keywords: distribution; road transport; vehicle routing 1 1. Introduction Ever since Dantzig and Ramser [4] first studied the vehicle routing problem (VRP) in 1959, researchers have spent a lot of time and effort on developing methods to tackle this problem. This is due to the fact that the VRP plays a central role in distribution management. In its most simple form, the pr...
Reforms as Experiments (1971)

Nach Campbell gibt es fur die Mehrzahl sozialer Pragramme noch immer keine interpretierbaren Evaluationen. Sein Artikel befast sich mit den Grunden dafur und versucht Wege aufzuzeigen, wie dies geandert werden konnte. Problem: Fur viele Reformen wird abgestimmt, als sei bereits sicher, das die gewunschte Wirkung auftritt. Zeigen die Ergebnisse spater etwas anderes an, last dies den Politiker unglaubwurdig wirken. Losungsvorschlag: Der Autor wunscht sich eine Politik, in der das Augenmerk nicht mehr auf die einzelnen Programme gerichtet ist, sondern auf die dahinter liegenden Probleme. Ziel sollte es sein, das Problem zu beseitigen. Wirkt ein bestimmtes Programm nicht, so konnten weitere Methoden ausprobiert werden.
Co-ordination engineering: when can one speak of an “understanding”? Case study of the multidentate ligand 2,2′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyrimidine † (1999)

The mode of co-ordination of the multidentate ligand 2,2′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyrimidine (L) was found to depend on the metal ion, the crystallization conditions, the metal-to-ligand ratio, and the anion. With nickel a chelating co-ordination through the endo-dentate nitrogen donor set is observed in the molecular complex [NiCl2(L)(H2O)]·CH3NO2, derived from hot CH3NO2. With Cu(NO3)2 and CuI–CH3CN one- and two-dimensional (1-D and 2-D) co-ordination polymers of formula ∞ 1[Cu(NO3)2(µ-L)] and ∞ 2[Cu2(µ3-I)2(µ-L)] are obtained, where the bipyrimidine ligand is solely bridging through the two exo-dentate nitrogen atoms. On the other hand, a synthesis from CuI and crystallization from hot dimethyl sulfoxide leads to a 1-D iodide-bridged co-ordination polymer ∞ 1[Cu(µ-I)(L)] with a chelating ligand. With AgNO3 two different types of co-ordination polymers were found, depending on the silver-to-ligand ratio. At a 1∶1 ratio in the presence of a co-ordinating anion a 2-D network, ∞ 2[Ag(µ-NO3)2(µ-L)], with only bridging bipyrimidine ligands is observed. At a metal excess, a 3-D framework, ∞ 3[Ag3(µ3-NO3)3(µ3-L)2], forms where L functions both as a chelating and as bridging ligand. A tetradentate co-ordination mode of L towards silver is also found with non-co-ordinating anions, such as BF4– and PF6–, and gives rise to the isostructural 2-D co-ordination polymers of formula ∞ 2[Ag3(CH3CN)3(µ3-L)2]X3 (X = BF4 or PF6).
Laser Cladding of Vanadium-Carbide Tool Steels for Die Repair (2011)

A study of the laser cladding of powder metallurgical tool steels has been carried out. CPM 10 V and Vanadis 4 Extra tool steel powders have been deposited on Vanadis 4 Extra tool steel plates, for repairing purposes, using a Nd:YAG laser. The microstructure of the laser cladding samples was investigated using optical and scanning electron microscopes. The volumetric fraction of retained austenite was evaluated by X-ray diffraction and microhardness profiles were measured. Crack free 700 HV 0.3 cladding tracks were achieved with both materials and coatings show a microstructure of carbides embedded in a martensite plus retained austenite matrix.
Photopolymerization of phosphoric acid ester-based self-etch dental adhesives (2013)

The objective of the study was to gain more understanding on the photopolymerization mechanism and the role of individual monomers in the polymerization behavior of a PAE-based self-etch adhesive system with the presence of HAp and water. The photo-polymerization process of the model adhesive system (2MP/HEMA) was monitored by using real-time attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR/FT-IR) technique. The effect of monomer ratio, HAp incorporation, and water content were investigated. The degree of conversion (DC) and the polymerization rate (PR) of the adhesives were determined to evaluate the polymerization efficacy. The results showed that the DC and PR increased consistently as the 2MP content increased from 30% to 70%, while they declined drastically as the 2MP content was further elevated to 100%. The incorporation of HAp considerably increased the DC and PR; however, the increase in water content was found to have negative influence on the photopolymerization.
Correlation between clinical activity of systemic lupus erythematosus and the amounts of DNA in DNA/anti-DNA antibody immune complexes. (1982)

The relationship between clinical activity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and molecular sizes of DNA fragments isolated from DNA/anti-DNA antibody immune complexes were examined. Among sera from twenty-eight patients with SLE examined, three different molecular sizes of DNA were identified, namely, DNA of m.v. 25,000 with 30 to 50 base pairs (bp); m.w. 100,000 with 150 to 200 bp; and m.w. 200,000 with 300 bp. On the basis of the molecular sizes of DNA fragments, we can divide patients with SLE into four groups. The first group contained DNA predominantly of m.w. 25,000. The second group contained DNA predominantly of m.w. 100,000. The third group contained DNA of m.w. 200,000. The fourth group contained both m.w. 25,000 and 100,000. A method to quantitate the amounts of DNA in DNA/anti-DNA immune complexes was developed. The amount of DNA fragments was estimated by measuring the amount of 32P-phosphate incorporated into 5 ends of DNA. Patients with severe disease tended to have greater amounts of DNA (up to 400 ng/ml serum). Two serial studies also support this result. Thus, the quantitative analysis shows that the amount of DNA in the immune complexes is highly correlated with disease activity (r = 0.864; p less than 0.001). These results suggest that DNA/anti-DNA immune complexes may play some role in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis.
From chemisorption to mechanism on surfaces: An exploration of the pyrolysis of triisobutylaluminum in the chemical vapor deposition of aluminum thin films (1991)

The chemisorption of H, CH3, C2H5, and C2H4 is examined on Al(111) and Al(100) surfaces by the extended Hückel method, using a tight-binding formalism. A local chemical viewpoint is sought through fragment analyses, decompositions of the density of states and overlap populations. Various adsorption sites have been studied. On both surfaces, the first three species prefer to bind in the on-top site by a σ-type interaction with the coordinated Al atom. Ethylene, on the other hand, favors the twofold bridging site by a di-σ bonded interaction with its highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital. In addition, the mobility of all these species on surfaces is investigated. Finally, the mechanism for the thermal decompositions of the triisobutylaluminum is studied. A β-hydride elimination rate-determining step is established, in which the activation barrier of the reaction in Al(111) is lower than Al(100). This result is in agreement with the experimental findings.
Validation and Verification of Use Cases and Class Models (2001)

The description of the functional, behavioral, and structural system essentials form central components of any serious requirements specification. In the UML, for example, functional requirements are expressed by use cases, their behavior modeled by e.g. activity graphs, and structural requirements are captured by class models. Unfortunately, any software development method dealing with different models faces difficulties ensuring consistency of the specifications and completeness with respect to each other. To overcome these deficiencies, we refine activity graphs to meet the needs of a suitable modeling element for use case behavior. The refinement in particular supports the proper coupling of activity graphs and the class model. Granularity and semantics of the approach allow for a seamless, traceable transition of use cases to domain classes and for the verification of the domain class model against the use case model. The validation of the use case model and parts of...