gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Machine Learning Approach to Pedestrian Detection for Autonomous Vehicles Using High-Definition 3D Range Data (2016)

This article describes an automated sensor-based system to detect pedestrians in an autonomous vehicle application. Although the vehicle is equipped with a broad set of sensors, the article focuses on the processing of the information generated by a Velodyne HDL-64E LIDAR sensor. The cloud of points generated by the sensor (more than 1 million points per revolution) is processed to detect pedestrians, by selecting cubic shapes and applying machine vision and machine learning algorithms to the XY, XZ, and YZ projections of the points contained in the cube. The work relates an exhaustive analysis of the performance of three different machine learning algorithms: k-Nearest Neighbours (kNN), Naïve Bayes classifier (NBC), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). These algorithms have been trained with 1931 samples. The final performance of the method, measured a real traffic scenery, which contained 16 pedestrians and 469 samples of non-pedestrians, shows sensitivity (81.2%), accuracy (96.2%) and specificity (96.8%).
Structure of microporous polypropylene sheets containing CaCO<sub>3</sub> filler (1992)

Abstract The microporous polypropylene sheets were prepared by biaxially stretching polypropylene sheets containing CaCO 3 filler (particle size, 0.08–3.0 μm), when the CaCO 3 filler content was 59% by weight and the stretching ratio was 2.8 × 1.8. The microstructure of the sheets were investigated in relation to the CaCO 3 particle size by a N 2 gas permeation method. (1) Effective porosity increases with decreasing mean particle size of filler. (2) The tortuosity factor of the pore is in the range of 25–40 and becomes relatively smaller with decreasing mean particle size of filler. (3) The equivalent pore size becomes relatively smaller with decreasing mean particle size of filler.
In Vitro Activity of Biosynthetic Human Proinsulin: Receptor Binding and Biologic Potency of Proinsulin and Insulin in Isolated Rat Adipocytes (1984)

The receptor binding characteristics and biologic protency of biosynthetic human proinsulin (rDNA) were determined in isolated rat adipocytes and compared with those of insulin. In competition with 125I(A14)-iodoinsulin for binding to adipocyte receptors at 15 degrees C, proinsulin showed a 100-fold lower affinity for binding than did insulin. A proinsulin concentration of 3.2 +/- 0.8 X 10(-7) M was required for 50% inhibition of tracer binding as compared with a concentration of 1.7 +/- 0.3 X 10(-9) M for insulin. These results were confirmed in direct competition studies using proinsulin and 125I-iodoproinsulin. A similar 100-fold difference was also observed in competitive binding experiments conducted at 37 degrees C. The biologic potency of human proinsulin was evaluated by its ability to stimulate glucose incorporation into total fat cell lipid and also by its antilipolytic activity. Glucose incorporation into lipid was half-maximal at a proinsulin concentration of 1.5 +/- 0.4 X 10(-8) M, whereas the same response was observed at an insulin concentration of 5.2 +/- 1 X 10(-11) M. Proinsulin also demonstrated an antilipolytic potency that was less than 1% that of insulin. The time course over which insulin and proinsulin stimulated glucose incorporation into lipid was the same, as was the time course over which the stimulation dissipated after removal of the hormones. No synergism of insulin and proinsulin stimulation of lipogenesis was observed when fat cells were incubated with submaximal concentrations of the two hormones.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Repellent effect of plant essential oils against Aedes albopictus. (2005)

Six essential oils: asteraceae oil, rutaceae oil, mentha piperta oil, carvacryl oil, citronella oil, and eucalyptus oil were tested for evaluation of their repellent effects against Aedes albopictus mosquitoes under laboratory conditions. Only citronella oil and eucalyptus oil were tested with human beings. There was considerable protection for mice. Carvacryl oil (7%) provided 100% protection for mice after 7 h. Eucalyptus oil (15%) gave protection to humans for least 3 h; the protection time was prolonged to 5 h after adding 5% vanillin. The mixture could be developed into a practical product after the field evaluation.
ICTSI tender success pushes liability management forward. (2015)

A Philippines port operator has become the first Asian corporate to complete a tender offer of US dollar perpetual bonds. It should boost liability management in region
The role of genetic variation in thiopurine methyltransferase activity and the efficacy and/or side effects of azathioprine therapy in dermatologic patients (1995)

<h3>Background:</h3> Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) is one of three major enzymes involved in the metabolism of azathioprine and its active metabolite 6-mercaptopurine. Thiopurine methyltransferase activity is determined by an allelic polymorphism for either high (TPMT<sup>H</sup>) or low (TPMT<sup>L</sup>) enzyme activity. Homozygotes for the low activity allele are known to be at risk for profound myelosuppression with azathioprine. Heterozygotes may be at risk for myelosuppression. Homozygotes for the high activity allele may be inadequately immunosuppressed with conventional, empiric doses of azathioprine. We analyzed TPMT activity in red blood cell (RBC) lysates and determined the TPMT genotypes (based on normal population screening) of 28 dermatologic patients. This information was correlated with the observed efficacy and side effects of azathioprine therapy. <h3>Observations:</h3> Two patients with TPMT levels of less than 12.5 U/mL RBCs (both TPMT<sup>H</sup>heterozygotes) experienced leukopenia (white blood count <4.0× 10<sup>9</sup>/L) with azathioprine doses around 1.5 mg/kg. A third patient who experienced leukopenia had a TPMT level at the lower end of the homozygous range (15.5 U/mL RBCs) but received the highest dose of azathioprine (2.6 mg/ kg) of all patients in this series. Ten patients with TPMT levels of more than 18.5 U/mL RBCs (all TPMT<sup>H</sup>homozygotes) receiving less than 1.5 mg/kg of azathioprine were judged to have a poor clinical response. In comparison, seven patients with TPMT levels between 12.5 and 18.5 U/mL RBCs (six TPMT<sup>H</sup>homozygotes and one TPMT<sup>H</sup>heterozygote) receiving 0.9 to 1.8 mg/kg of azathioprine had a favorable clinical response. Adverse effects of gastrointestinal upset and liver function test abnormalities did not appear to correlate with TPMT activity. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> The TPMT<sup>H</sup>heterozygotes may be at increased risk for myelosuppression with standard, empiric doses of azathioprine. On the other hand, homozygotes for TPMT<sup>H</sup>, particularly those with TPMT levels at the upper end of the homozygous range, may have a poor clinical response to azathioprine due to inadequate empiric dosing. (Arch Dermatol. 1995;131:193-197)
Slip-Angle Estimation for Vehicle Stability Control (1999)

Abstract Recently, some direct yaw-moment control systems have been in development. Obviously, such systems need accurate slip-angle information. This paper describes a strategy of vehicle slip angle estimation. The difficulty in slip angle estimation is due to nonlinear characteristics of tyres and influence of relative slant of the road surface. To solve this difficulty, a combined method of model observer and direct integration method is proposed. In this method, two kinds of values of the side forces of the wheels are provided, i.e., direct detected values by the G-sensor and values from a tyre model. Then those values are combined appropriately which results in the combination of model observer and direct integration. A feedback algorithm, redesigned to suppress the influence of tyre model error, is applied in the observer. Considering interference of road surface and its avoidance, road slant angle is estimated and consequently vehicle model is corrected. The estimated value of the road friction coefficient is given by the acceleration, and an adequate bias, depending on yaw-deviation, is added. The calculation method of reference yaw-velocity is improved, in order to avoid interference of road slant and variation of dynamic characteristic of vehicle.
Phase I Study of Inhaled Doxorubicin for Patients with Metastatic Tumors to the Lungs (2007)

Inhaled doxorubicin is safe up to a dose of 7.5 mg/m(2) every 3 weeks in patients with cancer who had normal to moderately impaired pulmonary function.
Isolation of a novel platform bacterium for lignin valorization and its application in glucose-free <i>cis</i>,<i>cis</i>-muconate production (2019)

Microbial production of cis,cis-muconate (ccMA) from phenolic compounds obtained by chemical depolymerization of lignin is a promising approach to valorize lignin. Because microbial production requires a large amount of carbon and energy source, it is desirable to establish a ccMA-producing strain that utilizes lignin-derived phenols instead of general sources like glucose. We isolated Pseudomonas sp. strain NGC7 that grows well on various phenolic compounds derived from p-hydroxyphenyl, guaiacyl, and syringyl units of lignin. An NGC7 mutant of protocatechuate (PCA) 3,4-dioxygenase and ccMA cycloisomerase genes (NGC703) lost the ability to grow on vanillate and p-hydroxybenzoate but grew normally on syringate. Introduction of a plasmid carrying genes encoding PCA decarboxylase, flavin prenyltransferase, vanillate O-demethylase, and catechol 1,2-dioxygenase into NGC703 enabled production of 3.2 g/L ccMA from vanillate with a yield of 75% while growing on syringate. This strain also produced ccMA from birch lignin-derived phenols. All these results indicate the utility of NGC7 in glucose-free ccMA production.
Analysis of Stopping Active Learning based on Stabilizing Predictions (2015)

Within the natural language processing (NLP) community, active learning has been widely investigated and applied in order to alleviate the annotation bottleneck faced by developers of new NLP systems and technologies. This paper presents the first theoretical analysis of stopping active learning based on stabilizing predictions (SP). The analysis has revealed three elements that are central to the success of the SP method: (1) bounds on Cohen's Kappa agreement between successively trained models impose bounds on differences in F-measure performance of the models; (2) since the stop set does not have to be labeled, it can be made large in practice, helping to guarantee that the results transfer to previously unseen streams of examples at test/application time; and (3) good (low variance) sample estimates of Kappa between successive models can be obtained. Proofs of relationships between the level of Kappa agreement and the difference in performance between consecutive models are presented. Specifically, if the Kappa agreement between two models exceeds a threshold T (where $T>0$), then the difference in F-measure performance between those models is bounded above by $\frac{4(1-T)}{T}$ in all cases. If precision of the positive conjunction of the models is assumed to be $p$, then the bound can be tightened to $\frac{4(1-T)}{(p+1)T}$.
Google Apps as an alternative to Microsoft Office in a multinational company: the GAPS project (2010)

A large multinational Company is launching the GAPS Project to assess the suitability of Google Apps as an alternative to the current email, collaboration and office toolset. In order to make a decision, the company needs recommendations based on a complete project assessing the Google Apps offering, taking into account the company’s specificities. The company currently uses Microsoft Office with Exchange. Identified problems include the cost of licenses, their dependency on Microsoft, the complex licensing model, and concerns about the use of the current solutions by the contractors. The GAPS Project describes the steps that the company should follow. In particular, a pilot phase should be conducted with users representing the diversity of the company’s users in terms of geographical location and business lines. Success criteria have been defined. They include contractual aspects, business requirements, financial aspects, support, operational aspects, security, and user satisfaction. Pilot results will provide a classification of the company users according to the ability of Google Apps to provide solutions corresponding to their requirements. Google Apps Premier Edition is a web application suite for businesses. It offers an email storage capacity of 25 GB per user and a Service Level Agreement describing 99.9% uptime guarantee. Advantages for the company are new business opportunities, such as the real time editing feature and the ability to share a document with an external partner. The messaging service allows the company users to save time, thanks to the large storage capacity and to the well organized mailboxes. The licenses are less expensive than those of Microsoft. Google Apps can be made available to the contractors, as they don’t require tools other than a messaging service. However, advanced users would suffer from the lack of functionality and from compatibility issues, especially when opening Microsoft Office documents with rich content. Frequent travelers and users in locations with unreliable Internet connections would be less productive. Among the disadvantages, we note that a central administration team needs to be created, as the administrative control panel doesn’t offer any granularity. Depending on the potential number of Google Apps users, important savings can be realized as described in the financial analysis, taking into account the costs due to a mixed Google-Microsoft environment.
Epstein-Barr Virus Immortalization of Human B-Cells Leads to Stabilization of Hypoxia-Induced Factor 1 Alpha, Congruent with the Warburg Effect (2012)

Our data suggest that activation of the aerobic glycolytic pathway, corresponding to the Warburg effect, occurs in EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cells, in contrast to mitogen-activated B-cells.
Ibuprofen Causes Reduced Toxic Effects of Interleukin 2 Administration in Patients With Metastatic Cancer (1989)

Metastatic cancer was treated with interleukin 2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells with the addition of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor ibuprofen in an attempt to reduce side effects in 13 patients (eight male and five female). Twenty-six patients treated with only interleukin 2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells formed the control group. After interleukin 2 administration, a significantly increased number of lymphokine-activated killer cells were transfused in ibuprofen-treated patients. Cytotoxic effects were not significantly different in the treated and untreated groups. With regard to cell phenotype, both groups of patients manifested significant activation of the immune system as measured by T10 and OK1a. Symptom scores were dramatically reduced in patients treated with ibuprofen. Temperature above 37 degrees C were rare. Ibuprofen did not significantly alter rate of response in this immunotherapy trial (38% vs 42%). Ibuprofen is now routinely used in all of our current immunotherapy trials.
Insight into the Unexpectedly Rapid Degradation of Dihydroxyacetone-Based Hydrogels (2016)

Biodegradable hydrogels are an important class of biomaterials with a diverse range of applications. In some cases, a rapid hydrogel degradation rate is advantageous. Polycarbonate hydrogels based on dihydroxyacetone (DHA), a natural metabolite, have been reported to undergo surprisingly fast hydrolytic degradation. In the present work, insight into the key features of DHA that contribute to the observed degradation rates is gained. In vitro degradation (mass loss) of three different chemically cross-linked polycarbonate hydrogels is investigated to shed light on the role of the ketone functional group, as well as the carbon-chain length between the ketone and carbonate bonds. The ketone is found to be the major cause of rapid degradation. Also, mass loss is accelerated by increased temperature and pH, offering insight into potential tuning parameters and storage conditions. The results show that DHA is a promising monomeric unit for the design of rapidly degrading, biocompatible, and functional biomaterials.
Application of the discrete wavelet transform to identification of questioned documents (2002)

Identification of questioned documents (QDs) is the process of associating documents produced by an unknown writer with labeled archival samples. Here we use the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to extract characteristics of letters and words of archival database samples, and questioned documents that need to be identified. Using standard clustering techniques, database document characteristics are categorized into distinct classes. These classes are labeled by the names of the known database writers. Identification of QDs is then made on the basis of the distance between QD characteristics and the database classes. We provide preliminary examples on a database of documents that was generated by nine writers. Seven different DWTs (and a voting scheme) were employed to make decisions about the QD's associations. The high success rate in identification of these samples indicates the potential that DWT-based method have in QD identification.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Orthotopic tracheal transplantation in the murine model1 (2002)

The Balb/c (donor) to C57BL/6 (recipient) murine orthotopic tracheal transplant model offers a reliable method for the study of tracheal transplantation.
The determination of chlorine by the oxygen flask combustion method: a single unit for electrical ignition by remote control and potentiometric titration (1960)

J. Haslam, J. B. Hamilton and D. C. M. Squirrell, Analyst, 1960, 85, 556 DOI: 10.1039/AN9608500556
Oral administration of <i>Crataegus</i> flavonoids protects against ischemia/reperfusion brain damage in gerbils (2004)

Stroke is the third leading cause of death as dementia is a main symptom of Alzheimer's disease. One of the important mechanisms in the pathogeny of stroke is free radical production during the reperfusion period, therefore the effects of a type of natural antioxidant, i.e. Crataegus flavonoids (CF), on brain ischemic insults were investigated in Mongolian gerbil stroke model. Results showed that pretreatment of the animals with CF decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances content, and nitrite/nitrate concentration in brain homogenate, increased the brain homogenate-associated antioxidant level in a dose-dependent manner. CF pretreatment increased the amount of biologically available NO by scavenging of superoxide anion produced during reperfusion. At same time, in the process of ischemia/reperfusion brain damage, the content of nitrite/nitrate (the end product of NO) increased, and of NO detected by ESR decreased. Oral pretreatment with CF decreased the nitrite/nitrate content in the brain homogenate and increased the biologically available NO concentration in a dose-dependent manner. The increasing effect of antioxidant on NO might be due to its scavenging effect on superoxide anion, which could react with NO into peroxynitrite. iNOS was implied in delayed neuron death after brain ischemic damage and it was found that pretreatment with CF could decrease the protein level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB), and increase the mRNA level of NOS estimated by western blotting and RT-PCR. More neurons survived and fewer cells suffered apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 region of CF treated animal brain. These results suggest that oral administration of this antioxidant increases the antioxidant level in the brain and protects the brain against delayed cell death caused by ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Low-resource Multi-task Audio Sensing for Mobile and Embedded Devices via Shared Deep Neural Network Representations (2017)

Continuous audio analysis from embedded and mobile devices is an increasingly important application domain. More and more, appliances like the Amazon Echo, along with smartphones and watches, and even research prototypes seek to perform multiple discriminative tasks simultaneously from ambient audio; for example, monitoring background sound classes (e.g., music or conversation), recognizing certain keywords (‘Hey Siri' or ‘Alexa'), or identifying the user and her emotion from speech. The use of deep learning algorithms typically provides state-of-the-art model performances for such general audio tasks. However, the large computational demands of deep learning models are at odds with the limited processing, energy and memory resources of mobile, embedded and IoT devices. In this paper, we propose and evaluate a novel deep learning modeling and optimization framework that specifically targets this category of embedded audio sensing tasks. Although the supported tasks are simpler than the task of speech recognition, this framework aims at maintaining accuracies in predictions while minimizing the overall processor resource footprint. The proposed model is grounded in multi-task learning principles to train shared deep layers and exploits, as input layer, only statistical summaries of audio filter banks to further lower computations. We find that for embedded audio sensing tasks our framework is able to maintain similar accuracies, which are observed in comparable deep architectures that use single-task learning and typically more complex input layers. Most importantly, on an average, this approach provides almost a 2.1× reduction in runtime, energy, and memory for four separate audio sensing tasks, assuming a variety of task combinations.
Development and application of the stress sensing test chip for IC plastic packages. (1987)

A stress sending Si chip utilizing the piezoresistive effect of Si single crystals has been developed. This chip can measure 3-dimensional stress components, σx, σy, σz and shear stress τxy in the chip surface. The stress sensitivity is 0.1 MPa in the range of -100 MPa to 100 MPa. Temperature sensors are arranged in the chip and they have linear response between -100°C and 200°C. This chip is useful for the structural design and reliability tests of IC packages. The residual stress in a chip after the die bonding process is measured using this chip. It is found that rubber paste is useful in reducing stress in that process.