gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The P140K mutant of humanO6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) confers resistancein vitro andin vivo to temozolomide in combination with the novel MGMT inactivatorO6-(4-bromothenyl)guanine (2005)

The O(6)-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) inactivator O(6)-benzylguanine (O(6)-beG) is currently under clinical investigation as a potential tumour-sensitising agent. In clinical trials its use has been associated with increased myelotoxicity and a reduced maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for BCNU. Thus the concept of myeloprotection by gene therapy with an O(6)-beG-insensitive mutant of MGMT is soon to be tested. Recently, an alternative inactivator has been described (O(6)-(4-bromothenyl)guanine, PaTrin-2), which shows potential advantages over O(6)-beG in terms of higher activity against wild-type MGMT and oral formulation. The use of PaTrin-2 has also been associated with increased myelotoxicity in clinical trials and thus PaTrin-2 may also be a candidate for use in conjunction with mutant MGMT gene transfer in genetic chemoprotective strategies. However, its activity against mutant MGMTs has not been reported. We show here that the P(140)K mutant of MGMT is highly resistant to inactivation by PaTrin-2. Furthermore, we show that a human haemopoietic cell line (K562) transduced with a retroviral vector encoding MGMT(P140K) is highly resistant to the cytotoxic effects of PaTrin-2 in combination with the methylating agent temozolomide, and that cells expressing MGMT(P140K) can be effectively enriched in vitro following challenge with this drug combination. Finally, we show that animals reconstituted with bone marrow expressing MGMT(P140K) exhibit haemopoietic resistance to PaTrin-2/temozolomide, which results in in vivo selection of gene-modified cells. All of these effects were comparable to those also achieved using O(6)-beG/temozolomide. Thus our data show that MGMT(P140K) is a suitable candidate for chemoprotective gene therapy where PaTrin-2 is being used in conjunction with temozolomide.
A simplified lumped parameter model for finding distribution transformer and secondary system responses to lightning (1989)

The results of other investigations on distribution transformer and system response to lightning strokes to the primary terminal of the transformer are briefly reviewed, from the standpoint of system and transformer currents, and service entrance phase-to-neutral voltage. A simplified lumped parameter model for the transformer and associated distribution system is described. The analysis of this model yields equations for the quantitative determination of the influence of system parameters on the lightning-induced surge currents in distribution transformers, and the service entrance phase-to-neutral voltages.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Thiostrepton Biosynthesis: Prototype for a New Family of Bacteriocins (2009)

Thiopeptide antibiotics are a group of highly modified peptide metabolites. The defining scaffold for the thiopeptides is a macrocycle containing a dehydropiperidine or pyridine ring, dehydrated amino acids, and multiple thiazole or oxazole rings. Some members of the thiopeptides, such as thiostrepton, also contain either a quinaldic acid or indolic acid substituent derived from tryptophan. Although the amino acid precursors of these metabolites are well-established, the biogenesis of these complex peptides has remained elusive. Whole-genome scanning of Streptomyces laurentii permitted identification of a thiostrepton prepeptide, TsrA, and involvement of TsrA in thiostrepton biosynthesis was confirmed by mutagenesis. A gene cluster responsible for thiostrepton biosynthesis is reported, and the encoded gene products are discussed. The disruption of a gene encoding an amidotransferase, tsrT, led to the loss of thiostrepton production and the detection of a new metabolite, contributing further support to the identification of the tsr cluster. The tsr locus also appears to possess the gene products needed to convert tryptophan to the quinaldic acid moiety, and an aminotransferase was found to catalyze an early step in this pathway. This work establishes that the thiopeptides are a type of bacteriocin, a family of genetically encoded antimicrobial peptides, and are subjected to extensive posttranslational modification during maturation of the prepeptide.
Cytokine profiling and <i>in vitro</i> studies of murine bone growth using biological fluids from children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (2007)

SF and serum JIA samples can impair bone growth at the growth plate. In synovial fluid, the effect is variable but resistant to treatment with IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha specific antibodies and IGF-1, suggesting that other factors in this biological fluid may also have an effect on longitudinal growth through IGF-1-independent mechanisms.
Solid state devices (1967)

The view is often expressed that the standard of research in this country is of the highest quality, but that we are not so good in the application of results. Possibly symptomatic of this is the fact that there is an excellent annual conference on solid state physics, under the auspices of the Institute and Society, which is mainly devoted to research. There is no corresponding event devoted to applications.
Evolution of Instrument Panels Made of Polypropylene (1998)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Among the various materials used today for an instrument panel application, polypropylene is one of the least expensive per kilogram and therefore one of the most attractive. Typically, different polypropylene compounds may be used in different components of the IP according to the desired performance requirements. At the same time, polypropylene is one of the most difficult thermoplastics to use properly when designing an instrument panel due to weaknesses related to its semi-crystalline nature. For some vehicles, the metal reinforcement which would be needed to overcome these weaknesses would lead to a higher overall system cost compared with engineering thermoplastics.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In the last decade significant progress has been made in the development of new polypropylene compounds and processes. Additionally, progress has been made in FEA simulation which allow instrument panel designers to anticipate the behavior of the final parts, compensate for the weaknesses of polypropylene through component design and thereby optimize the instrument panel system prior to tool construction.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">These material, process and performance simulation advancements will help the various OEM's to extend the use of polypropylene to some platforms or applications from which it was previously limited and will enable the overall objective of system cost reduction to be achieved.</div>
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Investigation of Macrophages in Acute Cardiac Allograft Rejection After Heart Transplantation (2013)

Cardiac cellular and functional MRI is a powerful tool to explore the roles of targeted immune cells in vivo. Our results indicate that macrophages are essential in acute cardiac allograft rejection, and selective depletion of macrophages with clodronate-liposomes protects hearts against allograft rejection, suggesting a potential therapeutic avenue. Our findings show that there is a finite risk of forming an intraventricular mass, presumably from the cellular debris or lipid material. Further optimization of the dosing protocol is necessary before clinical applications.
Synthesis of Sulfonated Polybenzimidazoles from Functionalized Monomers:  Preparation of Ionic Conducting Membranes (2007)

In the present work, a new sulfonated tetraamine and the corresponding sulfonated polybenzimidazoles (sPBI) were synthesized. For the sake of determining the best polymerization conditions, a study involving model compounds was first performed. A strong acid medium was used as polymerization solvent, which allowed to obtain high molecular weight sPBI. A series of polymers with ion exchange capacity (IEC) ranging from 0 to 2.6 mequiv/g were synthesized using a non-sulfonated tetraamine as a comonomer. The chemical structure of those polymers was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) as well as by titration. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and viscosity measurement were performed as well. On the other hand, different architectures of the copolymers were prepared, i.e., random, sequenced copolymers, and blends of the homopolymers. The membranes prepared from the sPBI display low water uptake. The ionic conductivities measured in the hydrated state at room temperature ranged from 10-6 to 4 × 10-4 S cm-1.
Type IV hypersensitivity reactions to natural rubber latex: results of a multicentre study (2002)

We conclude that delayed-type hypersensitivity to NRL is a problem for a proportion of patients with eczema, particularly on their hands, and that patch testing with ammonia-preserved NRL can be recommended to identify these patients. Patients with a positive patch test should be investigated for contact urticaria to NRL.
Suppression of Choroidal Neovascularization by Vaccination with Epitope Peptide Derived from Human VEGF Receptor 2 in an Animal Model (2008)

This model provides a rationale for immunotherapy using the epitope peptides derived from VEGFR2 for the treatment of CNV.
Complete genomic sequence of the fish rhabdovirus infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (1995)

The complete nucleotide sequence of the genome of the fish rhabdovirus infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) has been determined after cDNA cloning of the viral genomic RNA. Sequence analysis showed the presence of six open reading frames encoding the nucleoprotein N, the matrix proteins M1 and M2, the glycoprotein G, a so-called non-structural protein NV, and the RNA polymerase L. The genome organization is 3'N-M1-M2-G-NV-L 5'. The extreme 5' and 3' ends of the genome were sequenced after RNA ligation or RACE. Prokaryotic expression products of the open reading frames predicted to encode the matrix proteins M1 and M2, the glycoprotein G and the NV protein reacted with rabbit anti-IHNV serum thereby confirming their identity. This is the first complete nucleotide sequence of a fish rhabdovirus. Knowledge of the complete sequence is an essential prerequisite for future manipulation of the genome and also serves to provide gene- and protein specific reagents for use in further examination of the replication of the fish rhabdoviruses.
A Cascade of Boosted Generative and Discriminative Classifiers for Vehicle Detection (2008)

We present an algorithm for the on-board vision vehicle detection problem using a cascade of boosted classifiers. Three families of features are compared: the rectangular filters (Haar-like features), the histograms of oriented gradient (HoG), and their combination (a concatenation of the two preceding features). A comparative study of the results of the generative (HoG features), discriminative (Haar-like features) detectors, and of their fusion is presented. These results show that the fusion combines the advantages of the other two detectors: generative classifiers eliminate "easily" negative examples in the early layers of the cascade, while in the later layers, the discriminative classifiers generate a fine decision boundary removing the negative examples near the vehicle model. The best algorithm achieves good performances on a test set containing some 500 vehicle images: the detection rate is about 94% and the false-alarm rate per image is 0.0003.
Aperture collimation correction and maximum-likelihood image reconstruction for near-field coded aperture imaging of single photon emission computerized tomography (2006)

Coded aperture (CA) imaging originally developed in X-ray astronomy has not been widely used in nuclear medicine due to the decoding complexity of near-field CA images. In this paper, we present a near-field CA imaging technique and image reconstruction method for high sensitivity and high resolution single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT). Our approach makes three contributions. First, a correction method for the aperture collimation effect is used to eliminate the near-field artifacts without dual acquisitions of mask and anti-mask images. Second, a maximum-likelihood expectation-maximization (MLEM) deconvolution method is used to restore CA images. Finally, a new MLEM-based algorithm is used to partially reconstruct three-dimensional (3-D) objects from a single projection of CA images. Experiments conducted using a dual-head SPECT system equipped with a parallel-hole collimator and a CA module show a tenfold increase in count sensitivity and significant improvement in image resolution with CA collimation as compared to parallel-hole collimation. Experiments conducted using the same dual-head SPECT system equipped with a pinhole collimator show that when the object is closer to the pinhole collimator the CA image resolution is only slightly inferior to the pinhole collimated image. We found that the MLEM deconvolution method provides an inherent nonnegativity constraint on pixel values and remarkably reduces background activities of CA images. The MLEM reconstruction algorithm for CA images is capable of reconstructing 3-D objects from a single projection and can be potentially extended to full 3-D SPECT reconstruction for CA images.
Nonenzymatic Chloramphenicol Resistance Mediated by IncC Plasmid R55 Is Encoded by a <i>floR</i> Gene Variant (2001)

The IncC plasmid R55, initially described in the 1970s and isolated from Klebsiella pneumoniae, confers nonenzymatic chloramphenicol resistance. The gene coding for this resistance was cloned and sequenced and shows 95 to 97% nucleotide identity with the recently reported floR gene from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 and from Escherichia coli animal isolates, respectively, conferring cross-resistance to florfenicol.
Saturated heterocycles, Part 172. Synthesis of 2,6‐disubstituted‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydropyrido[4,3‐<i>d</i>]pyrimidine derivatives (1990)

Abstract The title compounds were synthesized via the addition of methyl acrylate to benzylamine or to α‐aminopyridine, which gave the corresponding diesters, e.g . 12 , followed by Dieckmann condensation of the latter to yield the keto‐esters 13 , which were condensed with amidines and guanidines, 3, 14 . Removal of the benzyl group by hydrogenolysis and subsequent alkylation of the nitrogen atom at position 6 in the resulting compound 5 , with variation of the substituents on C‐2, gave a number of products with potential biological action; some of them gave analgesic and anti‐inflammatory effects.
Bioprinting in Vascularization Strategies (2019)

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has revolutionized tissue engineering field because of its excellent potential of accurately positioning cell-laden constructs. One of the main challenges in the formation of functional engineered tissues is the lack of an efficient and extensive network of microvessels to support cell viability. By printing vascular cells and appropriate biomaterials, the 3D printing could closely mimic in vivo conditions to generate blood vessels. In vascular tissue engineering, many various approaches of 3D printing have been developed, including selective laser sintering and extrusion methods, etc. The 3D printing is going to be the integral part of tissue engineering approaches; in comparison with other scaffolding techniques, 3D printing has two major merits: automation and high cell density. Undoubtedly, the application of 3D printing in vascular tissue engineering will be extended if its resolution, printing speed, and available materials can be improved.
Multielectrode surface EMG for noninvasive estimation of motor unit size (1999)

To noninvasively estimate the motor unit size, we present a novel surface electromyographic (EMG) measurement system consisting of a surface multielectrode with four-pin electrodes and a pair of surface-disk electrodes. Surface motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) were recorded with the multielectrode, in the so-called multielectrode surface EMG (MSEMG), which was spatially filtered to localize the sensing area and reduce the noise. In addition, a modified decomposition algorithm, considering the geometrical configuration of the multielectrode, was designed to identify the individual MUAPs in the measured MSEMG. The identified MUAP was subsequently used as the triggering source for the EMG signals recorded by the surface-disk electrodes. From a pool of 34 subjects with neuromuscular diseases and 14 normal subjects, the median amplitudes of surface-disk EMG after spike-triggered averaging, called MSEMG-MUAP, correlated well (r = 0.82, P < 0.0001) with those of macro EMG. Moreover, the MSEMG-MUAP recording during a ramp force contraction exhibited the common size principle phenomenon during motor unit recruitment. The results of this study demonstrate that the MSEMG-MUAP measurement is a feasible approach for estimating the motor unit size from the skin surface.
VII.—NEW BOOKS (1952)

VII.—NEW BOOKS Get access The Indian Philosophical Congress. Silver Jubilee Commemoration Volume. Ed. Dr. T. M. P. MAHADEVAN . Madras, 1950. Pp. viii + 311. A.C. EWING A.C. EWING Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mind, Volume LXI, Issue 241, January 1952, Pages 132–136, https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/LXI.241.132 Published: 01 January 1952
Organosilane surfactant-directed synthesis of mesoporous aluminophosphates constructed with crystalline microporous frameworks (2006)

A direct hydrothermal assembly process was developed to synthesize mesoporous aluminophosphates that are constructed with crystalline microporous frameworks, by the addition of organosilane surfactants into the conventional synthesis composition for crystalline microporous aluminophosphates.
A New Method to Prevent Unintentional Child Poisoning (2018)

Unintentional child poisoning represents an increasingly important health issue in the United States and worldwide, partially due to increased use of drugs and food supplements. Biometric authentication is complex for pill bottles, but we propose a new method of user identification using touch capacitance during bottle-opening attempts. A smart pill bottle could generate an immediate warning to deter a child from opening the bottle and send an alert to parents/guardians. In this paper, we present principle of operation and implementation of a prototype "safe bottle We present the results of pilot testing with 5 adults and 3 children using support vector machine (SVM) and neural network (NN). From 232 bottle-opening events, our optimized NN generated no false detections of children as adults and four false detections of adults as children. Preliminary results indicate that smart pill bottles can be used to reliably detect children trying to open pill bottles and reduce risk of child-poisoning events.
Irregular codes from regular graphs (2003)

It has been recognized that appropriately chosen irregular low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes have a remarkable performance advantage compared to regular LDPC codes and that their threshold is much better. Starting with regular graphs, we construct codes consisting of more sophisticated subcodes (compared to simple XORs) and show that performance gains can be achieved by optimizing the proportions of the high-degree bit nodes and the different subcodes being used.
Hematopoietic Cells Are Required to Initiate a <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> -Specific CD8+ T Cell Response (2004)

Chlamydia trachomatis is a global human pathogen causing diseases ranging from blinding trachoma to pelvic inflammatory disease. To explore how innate and adaptive immune responses cooperate to protect against systemic infection with C. trachomatis L2, we investigated the role of macrophages (Mphi) and dendritic cells (DCs) in the stimulation of C. trachomatis-specific CD8(+) T cells. We found that C. trachomatis infection of Mphi and DCs is far less productive than infection of nonprofessional APCs, the typical targets of infection. However, despite the limited replication of C. trachomatis within Mphi and DCs, infected Mphi and DCs process and present C. trachomatis CD8(+) T cell Ag in a proteasome-dependent manner. These findings suggest that although C. trachomatis is a vacuolar pathogen, some Ags expressed in infected Mphi and DCs are processed in the host cell cytosol for presentation to CD8(+) T cells. We also show that even though C. trachomatis replicates efficiently within nonprofessional APCs both in vitro and in vivo, Ag presentation by hematopoietic cells is essential for initial stimulation of C. trachomatis-specific CD8(+) T cells. However, when DCs infected with C. trachomatis ex vivo were adoptively transferred into naive mice, they failed to prime C. trachomatis-specific CD8(+) T cells. We propose a model for priming C. trachomatis-specific CD8(+) T cells whereby DCs acquire C. trachomatis Ag by engulfing productively infected nonprofessional APCs and then present the Ag to T cells via a mechanism of cross-presentation.
A user friendly password authenticated key agreement for web based services (2008)

With an increase in number of services provided over internet, the demand for securing users sensitive data has also increased. Due to the simplicity of single factor (username/password) authentication mechanisms, most of the Web based services have been employing this mechanism. But these mechanisms are now not being considered secure enough for various reasons such as 1) There is a sharp increase in number of attacks on ID/password based mechanisms 2) Users registered with various no. of online services have to remember pairs of ID/passwords for their respective accounts. 2) Users are either choosing easy to remember passwords which are weak & are susceptible to dictionary attack, or are choosing hard to guess alphanumeric passwords which are hard to remember & which leads them to write it on paper. So, in order to provide secure and user friendly authentication, the security experts are strongly recommending the online financial service providers to deploy two factor authentication mechanisms to strengthen security without compromising user convenience. In this paper, we try to address above issues by proposing a user friendly two-factor based authentication mechanism which allows the user to freely choose easy to remember passwords based on a description of users personal images. At login, users recall & enter their password by seeing their pre-selected images. This approach helps a user maintain many accounts with different passwords conveniently. In addition, the scheme proposes a protocol for secure low computation mutual authentication and session key agreement. The proposed mechanism is user friendly and is resistant to several attacks.
Advanced Interference Management Techniques: Potentials and Limitations (2017)

Interference management has the potential to improve spectrum efficiency in current and next generation wireless systems ( e.g., 3GPP LTE and IEEE 802.11). Recently, new paradigms for interference management have emerged to tackle interference in a general class of wireless networks: interference shaping and interference exploitation. Interference shaping is a technique that creates a particular linear combination of interference signals when transmitters propagate signals to minimize the aggregated interference effect at each receiver. Interference exploitation is a method that harnesses interference in decoding as side information to improve data rates. Both approaches offer better performance in interference-limited communication regimes than traditionally thought possible. This article provides a high-level overview of several different interference shaping and exploitation techniques for single-hop, multihop, and multi-way network architectures with graphical illustrations. The article concludes with a discussion of practical challenges associated with adopting sophisticated interference management strategies in the future.