gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large Neutral Barrier at Grain Boundaries in Chalcopyrite Thin Films (2010)

The electronic structure of grain boundaries in polycrystalline Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films and their role on solar cell device efficiency is currently under intense investigation. A neutral barrier of about 0.5 eV has been suggested as the reason for the benign behavior of grain boundaries in chalcopyrites. Previous experimental investigations have in fact shown a neutral barrier but only a few 10 meV high, which cannot be expected to have a significant influence on the solar cell efficiency. Here we show that a full investigation of the electrical behavior of charged and neutral grain boundaries shows the existence of an additional narrow neutral barrier, several 100 meV high, which is tunneled through by the majority carriers but is sufficiently high to explain the benign behavior of the grain boundaries.
369. Therapeutic Effectiveness of AAV-Mediated Iduronidase Delivery to the CNS Following Intravenous Administration in a Murine Model of Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I (2016)

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is an inherited metabolic disease caused by deficiency of alpha-L-iduronidase (IDUA), resulting in accumulation of heparin and dermatan sulfate glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Individuals with the most severe form of the disease (Hurler syndrome) suffer from neurodegeneration, mental retardation, and death by age 10. Current treatments for this disease include allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). However, these treatments are insufficiently effective in addressing CNS manifestations of the disease. Our goal is to improve therapy for severe MPS I by supplementing current ERT and HSCT with IDUA gene transfer to the CNS, thereby preventing neurological manifestations of the disease. In this study we tested the ability of intravenously administered AAV serotypes 9 and rh10 (AAV9 and AAVrh10) to cross the blood brain barrier for delivery and expression of the IDUA gene in the CNS. 4-5 month old adult MPS I animals were infused intravenously via the tail vein with either an AAV9 or AAVrh10 vector encoding the human IDUA gene. Blood and urine samples were collected on a weekly basis until the animals were sacrificed at 10 weeks post-injection. Plasma IDUA activities in treated animals were close to 1000-fold higher than that of heterozygote controls at 3 weeks post-injection. Brains, spinal cords, and peripheral organs were analyzed for IDUA activity, clearance of GAG accumulation, and IDUA immunofluorescence of tissue sections. Treated animals demonstrated widespread restoration of IDUA enzyme activity in all organs including the CNS. High levels of IDUA enzyme activity were observed in the brain and spinal cord, which ranged from 40 to 300-fold higher than heterozygote controls, while levels in peripheral organs were also high, ranging from 100 to 1000-fold higher than control animals. Levels of urinary and tissue GAGs were significantly reduced starting at 3 weeks after vector infusion, with restoration of normal GAG levels by the end of the study. These data demonstrate the non-invasive effectiveness of systemic intravenous AAV9 and AAVrh10 vector infusion in counteracting CNS manifestations of MPS I.
A CT‐based Monte Carlo simulation tool for dosimetry planning and analysis (1998)

The Los Alamos code MCNP4A (Monte Carlo N-Particle version 4A) is currently used to simulate a variety of problems ranging from nuclear reactor analysis to boron neutron capture therapy. A graphical user interface has been developed that automatically sets up the MCNP4A geometry and radiation source requirements for a three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation using computed tomography data. The major drawback for this dosimetry system is the amount of time to obtain a statistically significant answer. A specialized patch file has been developed that optimizes photon particle transport and dose scoring within the standard MCNP4A lattice geometry. The transport modifications produce a performance increase (number of histories per minute) of approximately 4.7 based upon a 6 MV point source centered within a 30 x 30 x 30 cm3 lattice water phantom and 1 x 1 x 1 mm3 voxels. The dose scoring modifications produce a performance increase of approximately 470 based upon a tally section of greater than 1 x 10(4) lattice elements and a voxel size of 5 mm3. Homogeneous and heterogeneous benchmark calculations produce good agreement with measurements using a standard water phantom and a high- and low-density heterogeneity phantom. The dose distribution from a typical mediastinum treatment planning setup is presented for qualitative analysis and comparison versus a conventional treatment planning system.
Interstitial cystitis (1997)

Interstitial cystitis is a urologic disorder with protean pelvic manifestations (urologic, gynecologic, gastroenterologic) and variable prevalence. Although current research indicates a non-bacteriologic etiology, interstitial cystitis has features suggestive of autoimmunity, a deficient bladder wall lining, activated bladder sensory neuropeptides and bladder mastocytosis. Pentosan polysulfate sodium is a recently approved oral treatment for interstitial cystitis. Further research into the gynecologic and pain aspects of interstitial cystitis is clearly needed.
Summary of adverse effects in GCA/TAA pts treated with biological agents. (2015)

<p>Abbreviations: A/E (adverse effects), TCZ (tocilizumab), IFX (infliximab), ETN (etanercept), ADA (adalimumab), RXB (rituximab), N (nausea), V (vomiting), N/A (not applicable), NR (not reported), HTN (hypertension), MI (myocardial infarction).</p><p>* Cessation rate - discontinuation secondary to adverse effects;</p><p>** Likely an overestimation as one study did not specify which patients developed leukopenia and transaminitis</p><p>Summary of adverse effects in GCA/TAA pts treated with biological agents.</p>
Comparative Genomics in Switchgrass Using 61,585 High‐Quality Expressed Sequence Tags (2008)

The development of genomic resources for switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.), a perennial NAD + ‐malic enzyme type C 4 grass, is required to enable molecular breeding and biotechnological approaches for improving its value as a forage and bioenergy crop. Expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing is one method that can quickly sample gene inventories and produce data suitable for marker development or analysis of tissue‐specific patterns of expression. Toward this goal, three cDNA libraries from callus, crown, and seedling tissues of ‘Kanlow’ switchgrass were end‐sequenced to generate a total of 61,585 high‐quality ESTs from 36,565 separate clones. Seventy‐three percent of the assembled consensus sequences could be aligned with the sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] genome at a E ‐value of <1 × 10 −20 , indicating a high degree of similarity. Sixty‐five percent of the ESTs matched with gene ontology molecular terms, and 3.3% of the sequences were matched with genes that play potential roles in cell‐wall biogenesis. The representation in the three libraries of gene families known to be associated with C 4 photosynthesis, cellulose and β‐glucan synthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and peroxidase activity indicated likely roles for individual family members. Pairwise comparisons of synonymous codon substitutions were used to assess genome sequence diversity and indicated an overall similarity between the two genome copies present in the tetraploid. Identification of EST–simple sequence repeat markers and amplification on two individual parents of a mapping population yielded an average of 2.18 amplicons per individual, and 35% of the markers produced fragment length polymorphisms.
The superthreaded architecture: thread pipelining with run-time data dependence checking and control speculation (2002)

This peeper presents a new concurrent multiple-threaded architectural model, called superthreading, for exploiting thread-level parallelism on a processor. This architectural model adopts a thread pipelining execution model that allows threads with data dependences and control dependences to be executed in parallel. The basic idea of thread pipelining is to compute and forward recurrence data and possible dependent store addresses to the next thread as soon as possible, so the next thread can start execution and perform run-time data dependence checking. Thread pipelining also forces contiguous threads to perform their memory write-backs in order, which enables the compiler to fork threads with control speculation. With run-time support for data dependence checking and control speculation, the superthreaded architectural model can exploit loop-level parallelism from a broad range of applications.
SF3B1 mutations are prevalent in myelodysplastic syndromes with ring sideroblasts but do not hold independent prognostic value (2011)

SF3B1 mutations were recently reported in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs), especially in the presence of ring sideroblasts (RSs). We sought to define the interaction between SF3B1 mutations, morphology, karyotype, and prognosis in MDS with more than or equal to 15% RS (MDS-RS). We studied 107 patients with MDS-RS, including 48 with refractory anemia with RS (RARS), 43 with refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia (RCMD)-RS, 11 with refractory anemia with excess blasts-1 (RAEB1)-RS, and 5 with RAEB2-RS. SF3B1 mutations were detected in 53 (∼ 50%) patients: 35 RARS (73%), 16 RCMD-RS (37%), and 2 RAEB1-RS (18%). In univariate analysis, the presence of SF3B1 mutations was associated with better overall (P < .01) and leukemia-free (P < .01) survival; however, in both instances, significance was completely accounted for by World Health Organization morphologic risk categorization. In other words, when RARS and RCMD-RS were analyzed separately, there was no additional prognostic value from the presence or absence of SF3B1 mutations.
Pathogenesis of IgG4-related disease (2010)

Autoimmunity has been considered the most probable pathogenesis of IgG4-related disease, but has not been completely proved so far. A breakthrough study to detect a specific autoantigen, autoantibody, or pathogen is necessary.
Producing any desired far-field mean irradiance pattern using a partially-coherent Schell-model source and phase-only control (2015)

A new technique is presented to produce any desired mean far-field irradiance pattern using a partially-coherent Schell-model source and phase-only control. Simulation results are presented to validate the proposed method.
Optical Activities in Industry (1962)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Frank Cooke, "Optical Activities in Industry," Appl. Opt. 1, 375-376 (1962) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
A decision-theoretic extension of stochastic complexity and its applications to learning (1998)

Rissanen (1978) has introduced stochastic complexity to define the amount of information in a given data sequence relative to a given hypothesis class of probability densities, where the information is measured in terms of the logarithmic loss associated with universal data compression. This paper introduces the notion of extended stochastic complexity (ESC) and demonstrates its effectiveness in design and analysis of learning algorithms in on-line prediction and batch-learning scenarios. ESC can be thought of as an extension of Rissanen's stochastic complexity to the decision-theoretic setting where a general real-valued function is used as a hypothesis and a general loss function is used as a distortion measure. As an application of ESC to on-line prediction, this paper shows that a sequential realization of ESC produces an on-line prediction algorithm called Vovk's aggregating strategy, which can be thought of as an extension of the Bayes algorithm. We derive upper bounds on the cumulative loss for the aggregating strategy both of an expected form and a worst case form in the case where the hypothesis class is continuous. As an application of ESC to batch-learning, this paper shows that a batch-approximation of ESC induces a batch-learning algorithm called the minimum L-complexity algorithm (MLC), which is an extension of the minimum description length (MDL) principle. We derive upper bounds on the statistical risk for the MLC, which are the least to date. Through the ESC we give a unifying view of the most effective learning algorithms that have been explored in computational learning theory.
Context-Aware Recommender Systems in Mobile Scenarios (2009)

In this article, we give an overview of ideas for integrating context in recommender systems in general and specifically in various mobile application domains. Our main case study is an approach for vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). The system recommends gas stations based on driver preferences, ratings of other users and context information such as the current location and fuel level of a car. We explain the main design issues behind our recommender. Our approach first filters items based on preferences and context, and then takes ratings of other users and additional information into account, which can be relayed from car to car in a VANET. We also outline other mobile scenarios for contextualized recommender systems: a system for recommending mobile applications based on user context, an approach to find relevant resources in mobile semantic personal information management and a decentralized recommender system for personal digital assistants (PDAs).
Heparin sensing and binding – taking supramolecular chemistry towards clinical applications (2013)

Heparin is a vital biomolecule in widespread clinical use as an anti-coagulant. Heparin sensors have potential applications in the bedside detection of heparin levels in human blood during surgery, while high-affinity heparin binders may enable the development of effective heparin reversal agents for use in patients once surgery is complete. However, human blood is a challenging medium in which to achieve selective high-affinity molecular recognition, and as such, this system provides a fascinating challenge to supramolecular chemists. This has encouraged research using a variety of different systems and is stimulating new approaches to the application of molecular recognition. This review article provides an overview of research from both clinical and supramolecular communities towards heparin binding and sensing and considers how this area may develop in the future.
Low‐refractive‐index materials: A new class of optical thin‐film materials (2007)

Abstract The refractive index, a most fundamental quantity in optics and optoelectronics, determines many figures of merit of optical components such as reflectors, filters, and resonators. Here we present a new class of optical thin‐film materials that have a very low refractive index. Specular films of high optical quality with refractive indices as low as 1.05 are demonstrated. A single pair DBR incorporating low‐ n material is demonstrated to have enhanced reflectivity, showing the great potential of low‐refractive‐index films for many photonic device applications. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Advanced OCT opens way for 3-D retinal images (2005)

Fort Lauderdale, FL—Three-dimensional optical coherence tomography (3-D OCT) imaging and mapping of intraretinal layers are possible using high-speed, ultrahigh-resolution (UHR) OCT, the latest research tool in OCT technology.
<i>First Prize</i> : Percutaneous Endopyeloplasty: A Novel Technique (2002)

Percutaneous endopyeloplasty is feasible, simple, reproducible, and effective. Its advantages over conventional endopyelotomy include transrenal performance of a Fenger-plasty, wider caliber of the UPJ, absence of extravasation, and shorter duration of ureteral stenting.
Parameters influencing the molecular weight of 3,6‐carbazole‐based D‐π‐A‐type copolymers (2011)

Abstract Condensation copolymerization reactions of carbazole 3,6‐diboronate with 4,7‐bis(5‐bromo‐2‐thienyl)‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole (DTBT) only produce low‐molecular‐weight donor (D)‐π‐acceptor (A) copolymers. High‐molecular‐weight copolymers for use in optoelectronic devices are necessary for achieving extended π‐conjugation and for controlling the copolymer processibility. To elucidate the cause of the persistently low molecular weight, we synthesized three 3,6‐carbazole‐based D‐A copolymers using copolymerizations of N ‐9′‐heptadecanyl‐3,6‐carbazole with DTBT, N ‐9′{2‐[2‐(2‐methoxy‐ethoxy)‐ethoxy]‐ethyl}‐3,‐6‐carbazole with DTBT, and N ‐9′‐heptadecanyl‐3,6‐carbazole with alkyl‐substituted DTBT. We investigated several parameters for their influence on molecular copolymer weight, including the conformation of the chain during growth, the solubility of the monomers, and the dihedral angles between the donor and acceptor units. Size exclusion chromatography, UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, and computational studies revealed that the low molecular weights of 3,6‐carbazole‐based D‐A copolymers resulted from conjugation breaks and the resulting high coplanarity, which led to strong interactions between polymer chains. These interactions limited formation of high‐molecular‐weight‐copolymers during copolymerization. The strong intermolecular interactions of the 3,6‐carbazole moiety were exploited by incorporating 3,6‐carbazole units into poly[9′,9′‐dioctyl‐2,7‐flourene‐ alt ‐5,5‐(4′,7′‐di‐2‐thienyl‐2′,1′,3′‐benzothiadiazole)] prepared from 9′,9′‐dioctyl‐2,7‐flourene and DTBT. Interestingly, the number average molecular weight increased gradually with increasing 2,7‐fluorene monomer content but the number of conjugation breaks was a range of 6–7. The hole mobilities of the copolymers were studied for comparison purposes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Nonstructural Proteins NS1 and NS2 Mediate Inhibition of Stat2 Expression and Alpha/Beta Interferon Responsiveness (2005)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) subverts the antiviral interferon (IFN) response, but the mechanism for this evasion was unclear. Here we show that RSV preferentially inhibits IFN-alpha/beta signaling by expression of viral NS1 and NS2. Thus, RSV infection or expression of recombinant NS1 and NS2 in epithelial host cells causes a marked decrease in Stat2 levels and the consequent downstream IFN-alpha/beta response. Similarly, NS1/NS2-deficient RSV no longer decreases Stat2 levels or IFN responsiveness. RSV infection decreased human but not mouse Stat2 levels, so this mechanism of IFN antagonism may contribute to viral host range, as well as immune subversion.
On the implementation of velocity control for kinematically redundant manipulators (2000)

The velocity control of kinematically redundant manipulators has been addressed through a variety of approaches. Though they differ widely in their purpose and method of implementation, most are optimizations that can be characterized by Liegeois's (1977) method. This characterization is used in this article to develop a single framework for implementing different methods by simply selecting a scalar, a function of configuration, and a joint-rate weighting matrix. These quantities are used to form a fully constrained linear system by row augmenting the manipulator Jacobian with a weighted basis of its nullspace and augmenting the desired hand motion with a vector function of the nullspace basis. The framework is shown to be flexible, computationally efficient, and accurate.
Rice Growers' Behavior of Productive Capital Input and the Influencing Factors - A Case Study of the Jiamusi Area in Heilongjiang Province (2012)

This article conducts empirical analysis of rice growers' behavior of productive capital input and the influencing factors, using the input-output survey data concerning rice growing by 305 peasant households in 2009 in Huanan County and Huachuan County, Jiamusi City, Heilongjiang Province. I use Logit model to carry out econometric test of factors influencing the possibility of fixed productive investment. The test results show that family size, the proportion of non-agricultural employment, the average educational level of households, farmland area, household farming income, credit level, peasant households' expectation of the minimum purchase price of rice, have significant effect on whether to conduct fixed productive investment, whether there are disasters has no significant effect on the scale of peasant households' productive investment. Then I use Tobit model to carry out econometric test of factors influencing the scale of productive capital input. The results show that family size, the proportion of non-agricultural employment, the average educational level of households, farmland area, household farming income, credit level and family housing value, peasant households' expectation of the minimum purchase price of rice, whether there are disasters, have significant effect on the scale of peasant households' productive investment. On the basis of model test results, in order to promote the rice growers to increase fixed productive input and increase productive capital input, rational recommendations are put forward as follows: raising the minimum purchase price of rice, scaling up rice growing, making every effort to promote the educational level of rice growers, ensuring that the rice growers obtain productive capital input loans timely.
Nasal pressure recording in the diagnosis of sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome (1999)

Nasal pressure recording provides a simple and reliable measurement of nocturnal breathing abnormalities and may identify breathing abnormalities associated with arousals that are missed by other diagnostic methods.
Spec-based repeater insertion and wire sizing for on-chip interconnect (1999)

Recently Lillis, et al. (see Proc. Custom Integrated Conf., p. 259-262, May 1995) presented an elegant dynamic programming approach to RC interconnect delay optimization through driver sizing, repeater insertion, and, wire sizing which employs the Elmore delay model for RC delay estimation and a crude repeater delay model. This approach, however, ignores an equally important aspect of interconnect optimization: transition time constraints at the sinks. More importantly, Elmore delay techniques because of their inherent inaccuracy are not suited to spec-based design which is directed towards synthesizing nets with user-specified delay/transition time requirements at the sinks. In this paper we present techniques for delay and transition time optimization for RC nets in the context of accurate moment-matching techniques for computing the RC delays and transition times, and an accurate driver/repeater delay model. The asymptotic increase in runtime over the Elmore delay model is O(q/sup 2/) where q is the order of the moment-matching approximation. Experiments on industrial nets indicate that this increase in runtime is acceptable. Our algorithm yields delay and transition time estimates within 5% of circuit simulation results.