gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure and functions of endotoxin-binding peptides derived from CAP18. (1995)

CAP18 (cationic antimicrobial protein, 18kDa) is a 142 amino acid protein originally isolated from rabbit granulocytes using agglutination of LPS-coated erythrocytes as an assay. CAP-18 is composed of an N-terminal domain of unknown function (CAP181-105) and a C-terminal LPS-binding domain (CAP18106-142). Synthetic CAP18106-142 and CAP18106-137, a 32-amino acid peptide resulting from the truncation of 5 amino acids from the C-terminus of CAP18106-142, inhibited LPS-induced tissue factor generation, nitric oxide production and TNF release by macrophages. Mice treated with CAP18106-142 or CAP18106-137 were significantly protected from LPS lethality. Although CAP18106-142 and CAP18106-137 were highly active, other fragments of CAP18106-142, including CAP18110-142 with a truncated N-terminus, did not exhibit LPS-binding and LPS-neutralizing activities. Both peptides had broad anti-microbial activity against both Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (IC50; 40-100 nM) and Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus(Methicillin sensitive and resistant strains) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (IC50; 100-200nM). We cloned a CAP18 family protein from human granulocytes. The cloned cDNA encoded 140 amino acid residues. Human CAP18 (CAP181-140) was highly homologous to that of rabbit. A 32- amino-acid C-terminal fragment (CAP18104-135) was shown to bind LPS, inhibit LPS-induced tissue factor generation by murine macrophages, and protect mice from LPS lethality. This peptide exhibited antimicrobial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. We hypothesize that CAP18 and the derived peptides bind to LPS and alter the capacity of LPS to initiate disseminated intravascular coagulation. In this regard, CAP may act as host defense protein against infectious diseases, and have therapeutic potential for sepsis and endotoxin shock.
The intratracheal administration of endotoxin and cytokines. I. Characterization of LPS-induced IL-1 and TNF mRNA expression and the LPS-, IL-1-, and TNF-induced inflammatory infiltrate. (1991)

Endotoxin (LPS), one of the major proinflammatory constituents of the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria, induces alveolar macrophages to express interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) messenger RNA (mRNA), peaking at 1 hour in vitro. Intratracheal injection of LPS induces IL-1 and TNF mRNA expression in vivo in whole-lung RNA preparations. Interleukin-1 mRNA is not constitutively detected. In the case of TNF, however, a constitutively-expressed hybridization band is noted at 1.6 kb, whereas the LPS-induced hybridization band is noted at approximately 1.95 kb. Intratracheal injection of LPS induces an intra-alveolar inflammatory reaction composed of a neutrophilic exudate, peaking at 6 to 12 hours, a monocytic exudate peaking at 24 hours, and a lymphocytic exudate peaking at 48 hours, as quantitated by bronchoalveolar lavage. Intratracheal injection of IL-1 recapitulates the kinetics and relative magnitudes of the acute neutrophilic and chronic monocytic and lymphocytic inflammatory sequence. Intratracheal injection of TNF also induces an acute intraalveolar neutrophilic exudate, but TNF is much less potent of an inflammatory stimulus than IL-1. The effects of recombinant IL-1 and TNF are not due to LPS contamination, as shown by abrogation of the cytokines' inflammatory activity by boiling. In conclusion, LPS induces IL-1 and TNF mRNA expression in vitro in alveolar macrophages and in vivo in pulmonary tissue, and intratracheal injection of IL-1 and TNF recapitulates the LPS-induced pulmonary inflammatory sequence, strongly supporting the hypothesis that these cytokines play an important in vivo role in the pathogenesis of gram-negative bacterial pneumonia.
Treatment‐related death in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in the Nordic countries: 1992–2001 (2005)

Despite continuously more successful treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), 2-5% of children still die of other causes than relapse. The Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology-ALL92 protocol included 1652 patients < or =15 years of age with precursor B- and T-cell ALL diagnosed between 1992 and 2001. Induction deaths and deaths in first complete remission (CR1) were included in the study. A total of 56 deaths (3%) were identified: 19 died during induction (1%) and 37 in CR1 (2%). Infection was the major cause of death in 38 cases. Five patients died of early death before initiation of cytotoxic therapy. Five patients died because of toxicity of inner organs and one of accidental procedure failures. Seven patients died of complications following allogenic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in CR1. Girls were at higher risk of treatment-related death (TRD) [relative risk (RR) = 2.2; 95% confidence interval (CI(95%)): 1.2-4.0, P < 0.01], mostly because of infections. Risk of TRD was also higher in children with Down syndrome (RR = 4.5; CI(95%): 2.0-10.2, P < 0.00). In conclusion, 3% of children with ALL died of TRD, with bacterial infections as the most common cause of death. Girls and Down syndrome patients had a higher risk of TRD. Infections still remain a major challenge in childhood ALL.
Synthesis of oligosaccharides related to the capsular polysaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis serotype A (2005)

In order to find suitable stable vaccine candidates against Neisseria meningitidis group A, several structures related to the capsular polysaccharide have been synthesised. The first part of the thesis describes the synthesis of C-phosphonate analogues starting from glucose. The key step is a Mitsunobu coupling of a methyl C-phosphonate monomer to the 6-hydroxyl group of a 2-acetamido mannose derivative. Contained within this work is a description of an improved synthesis of 2-azido-2-deoxy-D-mannopyranose. The second part outlines the synthesis of structural elements present in the native capsular polysaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis serotype A including different acetylation and phosphorylation patterns. The final chapter describes an improved synthesis of the Lewis b hexasaccharide needed for purification of and interaction studies with the Helicobacter pylori adhesin BabA.
Role of the protein side‐chain fluctuations on the strength of pair‐wise electrostatic interactions: Comparing experimental with computed p<i>K<sub>a</sub></i>s (2002)

The effect of the protein side-chain fluctuations on the strength of electrostatic interactions was studied. The effect was modeled on 7 different crystal structures on the same enzyme as well as on 20 molecular dynamics snapshot structures. It was shown that the side-chain flexibility affects predominantly the magnitude of the strong pair-wise interactions, that is, the pair-wise interaction among ion pairs, and practically does not affect the interactions with the rest of the protein. This was used to suggest a correction function that should be applied to the original pair-wise electrostatic interaction to mimic the effects of the fluctuations. The procedure is applied on three ion pairs identified in lysozyme. It was shown that sampling different side-chain rotamers and modifying the strength of the pair-wise interaction energies makes calculated pK(a)s less sensitive to the fluctuations of the structure and improves the prediction accuracy.
Evidence of Primary β-Cell Destruction by T-Cells and β-Cell Differentiation From Pancreatic Ductal Cells in Diabetes Associated With Active Autoimmune Chronic Pancreatitis (2001)

Diabetes associated with ACP is caused by T-cell-mediated mechanisms primarily involving islet beta-cells as well as pancreatic ductal cells. In ACP, ductal islet precursor cells were associated with IPF-1 hyperexpression, suggesting a critical role of IPF-1 on islet cell differentiation and eventual beta-cell restoration.
A Pilot Trial of the Alpha‐1 Adrenergic Antagonist, Prazosin, for Alcohol Dependence (2009)

Prazosin holds promise as a pharmacologic treatment for AD and deserves further evaluation in a larger controlled trial.
[A new method to optimize the performance of JPEG2000-based PACS images' storage, transmission and display]. (2008)

In connection with the efficiency problem of narrow-band PACS medical images transmission and display and following the DICOM 3.0 standard and JPEG2000 code stream properties of progressing transmission and free access, this paper presents a new parallel processing method of the images transmission and display. This method raises the performance of images' transmission, storage and display, and has been evaluated in the clinical medical diagnosis information system.
IL-10 Induces Regulatory T Cell Apoptosis by Up-Regulation of the Membrane Form of TNF-α (2004)

Numerous studies have demonstrated the role of regulatory T (Treg) cells in peripheral tolerance. Nevertheless, how the survival and death of Treg cells is controlled is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms involved in regulating the homeostasis of a subset of Ag-specific alphabetaTCR+ CD4-CD8- double negative (DN) Treg cells. We demonstrate that DN Treg cells are naturally resistant to TCR cross-linking-induced apoptosis. Administration of exogenous IL-10 renders DN Treg cells susceptible to apoptosis, and abolishes their suppressive function. Furthermore, TCR cross-linking of DN Treg cells in the presence of IL-10 leads to the up-regulation of the membrane-bound but not the soluble form of TNF-alpha. Interaction of membrane bound TNF-alpha with TNFR2 sends death signals to DN Treg cells. Blocking their interaction can reverse the effects of IL-10 on DN Treg cells. These results provide insights into the mechanisms that regulate the function and homeostasis of DN Treg cells.
MPEG-7 Transcoding Hints for Reduced Complexity and Improved Quality (2001)

Keywords: Transcoding, MPEG-7, Metadata, Motion Estimation, Mode Decision, CBR-to-VBR, Bit Allocation 1
The safety and efficacy of a JAK inhibitor in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: Results of a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase IIa trial of three dosage levels of CP‐690,550 versus placebo (2012)

In the article by Kremer et al in the July 2009 issue of Arthritis and Rheumatism(pages 1895–1905), there was an error in the proportion of patients classified as EULAR responders. The fifth paragraph in the “Efficacy assessments” section of Results (page 1899) should have read “Using the European League Against Rheumatism criteria (21), the percentage of patients in whom a moderate response was achieved in the CP-690,550 treatment arms was numerically superior to placebo at all time points (49%, 76%, 84%, and 92% for placebo and CP-690,550 5 mg, 15 mg, and 30 mg twice daily, respectively, at week 6). No patient in any treatment arm was a good responder.” In addition, in Table 4 there were errors in the total cholesterol data and the ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein for each treatment arm. At baseline, the mean ± SD total cholesterol values (mg/dl) should have read 189 ± 42 (n = 55), 207 ± 40 (n = 59), 189 ± 42 (n = 51), and 194 ± 36 (n = 49) for CP-690,550 5 mg twice daily, CP-690,550 15 mg twice daily, CP-690,550 30 mg twice daily, and placebo, respectively. At week 6, these values should have read 219 ± 53 (n = 55), 249 ± 46 (n = 55), 239 ± 63 (n = 50), and 197 ± 41 (n = 44), respectively. The percentage change from baseline in the ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein (least squares mean ± SD) should have read 2.3 ± 2.2, 2.6 ± 2.2, −1.6 ± 2.3, and 1.6 ± 2.5, respectively.
Towards a Common Software/Hardware Methodology for Future Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (2017)

International audience
Structure of glycoproteins of human erythrocytes. Alkali-stable oligosaccharides (1971)

Studies have been made on the oligosaccharide residues of the alkali-stable carbohydrate-protein linkage of sialoglycopeptides derived from human erythrocytes. Four glycopeptides were isolated after alkaline borohydride treatment and Pronase digestion of MN-active sialoglycopeptides. The structure of one of these glycopeptides (GPIV) has been studied by sequential hydrolysis with specific glycosidases. Glycopeptide GPIV contained (per mol): 1mol of fucose, 1mol of sialic acid, 3mol of galactose, 3mol of mannose, 4mol of acetylglucosamine, 1mol of aspartic acid and fractional amounts of threonine, serine and glycine. The molecular weight of the glycopeptide was estimated to be 2330 by gel filtration. On the basis of glycosidase-digestion results, a tentative structure is proposed for the oligosaccharide moiety of glycopeptide GPIV.
Purification and Some Properties of .ALPHA.-Galactosidase from Pseudomonas fluorescens H-601. (1991)

Pseudomonas fluorescens H-601, isolated from soil, produces α-galactosidase. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity by disc electrophoresis after column chromatographies on Butyl-Toyopearl 650M, DEAE-Toyopearl 650M, and Toyopearl HW-55F. The enzyme had a molecular weight of 390, 000 by gel filtration with Toyopearl HW-55F and 86, 000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and an isoelectric point of 6.3. The enzyme was most active at pH 6.0-7.0 and at 45°C and stable up to 40°C at pH 6.5 for 15min of incubation. The enzyme hydrolyzed PNP α-galactoside, ONP α-galactoside, melibiose, raffinose, and stachyose at the relative velocities of 100, 59, 28, 13, and 12. The enzyme had strong transfer activity and wide acceptor specificity.
ChemInform Abstract: Phase Transfer Catalyzed Synthesis of Arene‐bis‐aroyl Thiourea Derivatives. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Podocyte Migration during Nephrotic Syndrome Requires a Coordinated Interplay between Cathepsin L and α3 Integrin (2004)

Podocyte foot process effacement and disruption of the slit diaphragm are typically associated with glomerular proteinuria and can be induced in rats by the injection of puromycin aminonucleoside. Here, we show that the induction of puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis involves podocyte migration conducted by a coordinated interplay between the cysteine protease cathepsin L and alpha(3) integrin. Puromycin aminonucleoside treatment up-regulates cathepsin L expression in podocytes in vivo as well as expression and enzymatic activity of cathepsin L in podocytes in vitro. Isolated podocytes from mice lacking cathepsin L are protected from cell puromycin aminonucleoside-induced cell detachment. The functional significance of cathepsin L expression was underscored by the observation that puromycin aminonucleoside-induced cell migration was slowed down in cathepsin L-deficient podocytes and by the preservation of cell-cell contacts and expression of vital slit diaphragm protein CD2AP. Cathepsin L expression and activity were induced in podocytes lacking alpha(3) integrin. Similarly, acute functional inhibition of alpha(3) integrin in wild type podocytes with a blocking antibody increased the expression of cathepsin L activity. Down-regulation of alpha(3) integrin protected against puromycin aminonucleoside-induced podocyte detachment. In summary, these data establish that podocyte foot process effacement is a migratory event involving a novel interplay between cathepsin L and alpha(3) integrin.
Ink-paper interactions and effect on print quality in inkjet printing (2011)

This thesis concerns paper and ink interactions related to inkjet printing. The main purpose of this work was to gain a deeper understanding in which parameters control the flow of ink into papers and how the ink interacts with the paper surface. The overall objective was to find key parameters to optimize the print quality in inkjet printing. Characterization of paper-surfaces in terms of porosity, surface roughness and surface energy was made. Objective and subjective measurements were used for print quality evaluation. Light microscopy imaging and SEM was used to see how ink interacts with the paper surface in a printed image. A high speed camera was used to study the absorption of picolitre sized inkjet droplets into fine papers. An initial study on the effect of paper properties on print quality was made. Result indicated that there were small differences in print quality for pilot papers with different composition (in a specific parameter window) and the commercial paper COLORLOK® reproduced a noticeable high colour gamut compared to the other samples.Research was made to see how surface fixation can affect the print quality for printouts made with pigmented ink. Surface fixation promotes retention of the pigmented colorant in the outermost surface layer of the paper and has been denoted “colorant fixation” in this thesis. It was shown that applying colorant fixation onto a paper surface before printing can increase the detail reproduction in a printed image. Different concentrations of calcium chloride were applied onto the paper surface on fullscale produced non-commercial papers. Test printing was made with a SoHo (Small office/Home office) printer using pigmented ink and results showed that using calcium chloride as surface treatment can lead to aggregation of pigments at the surface resulting in a higher detail reproduction. Fast absorption of the carrier liquid into the paper and fast fixation of colourants on the surface is important in inkjet printing to avoid colour to colour bleeding. These demands will be more pronounced when the printing speed increases. It is important to understand which parameters affect the absorption process to be able to control the mechanisms and to optimize the print quality. A study of absorption of picolitre size inkjet droplets into fine paper was made in this work. Theoretical equations describing fluid absorption into capillaries were tested and compared with experimental results. The result showed that the time dependence in the Lucas-Washburn (L-W) equation fits fairly well to data whereas the L-W equation overestimates the penetration depth. The results are directly applicable to paper and printing industry and can be used as a base for future studies of absorption of picolitre sized droplets into porous materials and for studies of aggregation of colloidal particles on surfaces.
Test results of different silver/graphite contact materials in regard to applications in circuit breakers (2002)

Different types of silver/graphite contact materials, all of them produced by extrusion, were tested by means of a model switch in order to get basic information on welding resistance and contact erosion. The results are compared with those obtained from tests in circuits breakers, focusing especially on the behaviour of standard silver/graphite materials on the one hand and a new type of silver/graphite based on graphite fibres on the other. It was found that the new silver/graphite material in a symmetric combination is markedly superior to conventional silver/graphite combinations with regard to contact erosion, welding resistance and overtemperature behaviour.
T-ray topography by time-domain polarimetry (2012)

We demonstrate a method for substantially improving the axial resolution of terahertz time-of-flight measurements by analyzing the time-dependent polarization direction of an elliptically polarized single-cycle terahertz electromagnetic (T-ray) pulse. We show that, at its most sensitive, the technique has an axial resolution of ∼λ/1000 (<1 μm) with a subsecond measurement time, and very clear T-ray topographic images are obtained. Such a very high axial resolution of the T-ray topography opens the way for novel industrial and biomedical applications such as fine metalworking and corneal inspection in a safe manner.
Silicon-Containing Spin-on Underlayer Material for Step and Flash Nanoimprint Lithography (2010)

Nanoimprint lithography is a newly developed patterning method that employs a hard template for the patterning of structures at micro- and nanometer scales. This technique has many advantages such as cost reduction, high resolution, low line edge roughness (LER), and easy operation. However, resist peeling, defects, low degree of planarization, and low throughput issues present challenges that must be resolved in order to mass produce advanced nanometer-scale devices. In this study, the new approach of using a silicon-containing spin-on hard mask underlayer material with high adhesion by reacting methacrylate groups of the underlayer to the acrylate groups of resist material during ultraviolet irradiation was demonstrated to obtain the excellent patterning dimensional accuracy and increase the process latitudes. The performance of this process is evaluated by using step and flash imprint lithography. The obtained high adhesion between the underlayer and resist material was found to lead a silicon-containing underlayer material to excellent patterning dimensional accuracy and 80 nm straight profiles. We expect that the silicon-containing a spin-on hard mask material under organic resist will be one of the most promising materials in the next generation of nanoimprint lithography.
Genome‐wide expression analysis of cells expressing gain of function mutant D374Y‐PCSK9 (2008)

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a key regulator of serum cholesterol. The possibility that PCSK9 also functions in other pathways needs to be addressed. We have transfected HepG2 cells with mutant D374Y-PCSK9 or control vector. Gene expression signatures were determined using the Affymetrix GeneChip technology, and the expression pattern of selected genes was confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Data was normalized and analyzed using a model-based background adjustment for oligonucleotide expression arrays, then filtered based upon expression within treatments group, and subjected to moderated t-statistics. Five hundred twenty transcripts had altered expression levels between D374Y-PCSK9 and control vector. Among the 520 probes on our top list, 312 were found to have an assigned Gene Ontology (GO) term, and 96 were found in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Genome-wide expression profiling revealed that "steroid biosynthesis," "sterol metabolism," and "cholesterol biosynthsis" were affected by D374Y-PCSK9. Also, the GO biological process terms "response to stresss," "response to virus," "response to unfolded protein," and "immune response" were influenced by D374Y-PCSK9. Our results suggest that D374Y-PCSK9 results in up-regulation of genes involved in sterol biosynthesis and down-regulation of stress-response genes and specific inflammation pathways.
Role of ISDN signaling for a satellite system with on-board processing (1992)

The onboard processing (OBP) system, as currently being developed by the European Space Agency, ensures full satellite/ISDN compatibility for worldwide ISDN service operation. The authors present various arguments for opting for the international standard ISDN signaling scheme, propose several alternatives for effective interworking between different applications supported by the OBP system, and address an efficient method to transport DSS1 through the satellite system and to meet CCITT delay performance objectives for end-to-end connections.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>