gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RGS2 Inhibits the Epithelial Ca2+ Channel TRPV6 (2006)

The epithelial Ca(2+) channels TRPV5 and TRPV6 constitute the apical Ca(2+) entry pathway in the process of active Ca(2+) (re)absorption. By yeast two-hybrid and glutathione S-transferase pulldown analysis we identified RGS2 as a novel TRPV6-associated protein. RGS proteins determine the inactivation kinetics of heterotrimeric G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling by regulating the GTPase activity of G(alpha) subunits. Here we demonstrate that TRPV6 interacts with the NH(2)-terminal domain of RGS2 in a Ca(2+)-independent fashion and that overexpression of RGS2 reduces the Na(+) and Ca(2+) current of TRPV6 but not that of TRPV5-transfected human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. In contrast, overexpression of the deletion mutant DeltaN-RGS2, lacking the NH(2)-terminal domain of RGS2, in TRPV6-expressing HEK293 cells did not show this inhibition. Furthermore, cell surface biotinylation indicated that the inhibitory effect of RGS2 on TRPV6 activity is not mediated by differences in trafficking or retrieval of TRPV6 from the plasma membrane. This effect probably results from the direct interaction between RGS2 and TRPV6, affecting the gating properties of the channel. Finally, the scaffolding protein spinophilin, shown to recruit RGS2 and regulate GPCR-signaling via G(alpha), did not affect RGS2 binding and electrophysiological properties of TRPV6, indicating a GPCR-independent mechanism of TRPV6 regulation by RGS2.
Design and fabrication of a hybrid nanofluidic channel (2005)

A hybrid micro-nanofluidic channel network is developed on a silicon wafer for bioanalytical applications, such as separation, concentration, and fractionation. The nanochannel is formed on the silicon wafer using surface micromachining techniques, while the microchannel is fabricated on the poly-di-methyl-siloxane utilizing soft lithography techniques. Microfluidic networks not only support the very thin wall of the nanofluidic channel, but also provide appropriate gateways for the fluid/sample flow. The thickness of the microchannels is kept below 10 µm by changing the spin rate and time during photolithography. On the other hand, nanochannel thickness is varied between 100 and 200 nm by controlling the sputtering time of the sacrificial copper layer. Electrochemical wet etching is employed to release the thin layer of copper from the silicon dioxide shell. Our etching technique demonstrates significant advantages over other existing methods, such as wet chemical etching and reactive ion etching, including relatively fast etching rate, good selectivity, less safety and environmental concerns, less monitoring and control issues, and low cost. The dimensions of our microfluidic channels are measured using a profilometer, while the nanochannel thickness is confirmed by the atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy images.
Hairy cellulose nanocrystalloids: a novel class of nanocellulose (2016)

Nanomaterials have secured such a promising role in today's life that imagining the modern world without them is almost impossible. A large fraction of nanomaterials is synthesized from environmentally-dangerous elements such as heavy metals, which have posed serious side-effects to ecosystems. Despite numerous advantages of synthetic nanomaterials, issues such as renewability, sustainability, biocompatibility, and cost efficiency have drawn significant attention towards natural products such as cellulose-based nanomaterials. Within the past decade, nanocelluloses, most remarkably nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), have successfully been used for a wide spectrum of applications spanning from nanocomposites, packaging, and mechanical and rheological property modifications, to chemical catalysis and organic templating. Yet, there has been little effort to introduce fundamentally new polysaccharide-based nanomaterials. We have been able to develop the first kind of cellulose-based nanoparticles bearing both crystalline and amorphous regions. These nanoparticles comprise a crystalline body, similar to conventional NCC, but with polymer chains protruding from both ends; therefore, these particles are called hairy cellulose nanocrystalloids (HCNC). In this article, we touch on the philosophy of HCNC synthesis, the striking superiority over existing nanocelluloses, and applications of this novel class of nanocelluloses. We hope that the emergence of hairy cellulose nanocrystalloids extends the frontiers of sustainable, green nanotechnology.
[Acquired aneurysms of the infrarenal abdominal aorta]. (1991)

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are the result of a degenerative process of the aortic wall. The incidence of AAA has increased during the last three decades. Computerized axial tomography is the best method for investigating AAA. For aneurysms of 4-5 cm or more in antero-posterior diameter, the risk of rupture is definitely high and justifies a preventive surgery. Precise evaluation of myocardial function and of coronary circulation may limit the operative risk and may improve the life expectancy. Screening of AAA in populations at risk will allow to survey the natural history of aneurysmal disease and limit the incidence of rupture which keeps a high mortality rate.
Uncoupled activation and cyclisation in catmint reductive terpenoid biosynthesis (2018)

Abstract Terpene synthases typically form complex molecular scaffolds by concerted activation and cyclization of linear starting materials in a single enzyme active site. Here we show that iridoid synthase, an atypical reductive terpene synthase, catalyses the activation of its substrate 8-oxogeranial into a reactive enol intermediate but does not catalyse the subsequent cyclisation into nepetalactol. This discovery led us to identify a class of nepetalactol-related short-chain dehydrogenase enzymes (NEPS) from catmint ( Nepeta mussinii ) which catalyse the stereoselective cyclisation of the enol intermediate into nepetalactol isomers. Subsequent oxidation of nepetalactols by NEPS1 provides nepetalactones, metabolites that are well known for both insect-repellent activity and euphoric effect in cats. Structural characterisation of the NEPS3 cyclase reveals it binds to NAD + yet does not utilise it chemically for a non-oxidoreductive formal [4+2] cyclisation. These discoveries will complement metabolic reconstructions of iridoid and monoterpene indole alkaloid biosynthesis.
Macrophage Apoptosis and Efferocytosis in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis (2016)

Macrophage apoptosis and the ability of macrophages to clean up dead cells, a process called efferocytosis, are crucial determinants of atherosclerosis lesion progression and plaque stability. Environmental stressors initiate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activate the unfolded protein response (UPR). Unresolved ER stress with activation of the UPR initiates apoptosis. Macrophages are resistant to apoptotic stimuli, because of activity of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Macrophages express 3 Akt isoforms, Akt1, Akt2 and Akt3, which are products of distinct but homologous genes. Akt displays isoform-specific effects on atherogenesis, which vary with different vascular cell types. Loss of macrophage Akt2 promotes the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype and reduces atherosclerosis. However, Akt isoforms are redundant with regard to apoptosis. c-Jun NH<sub>2</sub>-terminal kinase (JNK) is a pro-apoptotic effector of the UPR, and the JNK1 isoform opposes anti-apoptotic Akt signaling. Loss of JNK1 in hematopoietic cells protects macrophages from apoptosis and accelerates early atherosclerosis. IκB kinase α (IKKα, a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family) plays an important role in mTORC2-mediated Akt signaling in macrophages, and IKKα deficiency reduces macrophage survival and suppresses early atherosclerosis. Efferocytosis involves the interaction of receptors, bridging molecules, and apoptotic cell ligands. Scavenger receptor class B type I is a critical mediator of macrophage efferocytosis via the Src/PI3K/Rac1 pathway in atherosclerosis. Agonists that resolve inflammation offer promising therapeutic potential to promote efferocytosis and prevent atherosclerotic clinical events. (Circ J 2016; 80: 2259-2268).
Polymerization of intact beta 2-microglobulin in tissue causes amyloidosis in patients on chronic hemodialysis. (1986)

Systemic amyloidosis with a predilection for bone and synovium may complicate the course of patients on long-term hemodialysis. This form of amyloidosis can be typed as distinct from other amyloid diseases by using small tissue samples obtained by bone biopsy and at postmortem. Immunoblot analysis of two-dimensional gels of partially solubilized amyloid fibrils established that tissue deposits are composed of monomers, dimers, and higher polymers of beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) and that amyloid P component was also present. Anti-beta 2m antiserum recognized fibrils, as shown by immunoelectron microscopy. Purified monomer isolated from dissociated fibrils yielded peptides corresponding to the entire known sequence of beta 2m. Virtually all serum beta 2m, as well as that present in tissue fluid bathing amyloid fibrils, was monomeric. Hemodialysis-related amyloidosis is an example of a deposition disease occurring in hemodialysis patients. We have shown conclusively that, in this amyloid disease, polymerization of an intact normal serum protein to a fibrillar configuration may occur without proteolysis. We propose the designation A beta 2m for this form of amyloid fibril subunit protein.
Validation of a Model and Development of a Simulator for Predicting the Pressure Drop of Diesel Particulate Filters (2001)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">As demand for wall-flow Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF) increases, accurate predictions of DPF behavior, and in particular their pressure drop, under a wide range of operating conditions bears significant engineering applications. In this work, validation of a model and development of a simulator for predicting the pressure drop of clean and particulate-loaded DPFs are presented. The model, based on a previously developed theory, has been validated extensively in this work. The validation range includes utilizing a large matrix of wall-flow filters varying in their size, cell density and wall thickness, each positioned downstream of light or heavy duty Diesel engines; it also covers a wide range of engine operating conditions such as engine load, flow rate, flow temperature and filter soot loading conditions. The validated model was then incorporated into a DPF pressure drop simulator. A unique feature of this simulator is the inclusion of a database of Diesel particulate packing densities and particulate layer permeabilities and their systematic dependence on filter operating conditions. Reliably predicting filter pressure drop under all practical conditions, this simulator has proven to be a valuable tool for realistic engineering applications of Diesel particulate filters.</div>
Observation of Anatomical Structures of the Interatrial Septum and the Interventricular Septum of Goat Heart (2005)

Objective To observe and measure the morphology and position of the interatrial septum and the interventricular septum of the goat heart to provide comparative anatomy data for study of heart.Methods The oval fossa and the interventricular septum of goat heart were observed by gross anatomy method.Results The oval fossa was 9.63±2.18 mm long and 6.85±1.54 mm wide.The distance of center point of oval fossa to the center point of coronary sinusal ostium, to the middle point of septal tricuspid valve, to the middle point of anterior biscuspid valve was 9.09±2.10 mm, 12.81±2.34 mm, 8.94±2.65 mm resptetively. The thickness of the superior edge of the oval fossa was 1.26±0.50 mm, its inferior edge was 1.80±0.40 mm, the anterior edge was 2.39±1.78 mm, the posterior edge was 2.29±0.89 mm in thick. The anterior part of the membrane portion of interventricular septim was 2.94±1.13 mm wide, the middle part 4.66±1.15 mm wide, the posterior part of it 6.13±1.41 mm long and 9.62±1.83 mm wide, the inferior edge 15.06±2.63 mm long. The superior, anterior and posterior edges of the muscle portion of the interventricular septum were 37.63±4.48 mm, 52.84±6.22 mm and 33.77±2.96 mm long respectively, and the thickness was 9.34±1.69 mm.Conclusion The interatrial septum and interventricular septum of the goat heart were similar to those of human being a good material for the repairment of coloboma of the interatrial septum and the interventricular septum.
Ti Silicidation Technology for High Speed EPROM Devices (1983)

Newly developed Ti silicidation technology for the double-polysilicon stacked-gate EPROM memory cell is applied to fabrication of a 64kb EPROM device. Access time reduction by about 10% has been achieved without degrading write/erase and retention characteristics. Simulation result shows that access time reduction by about 30% can be realized by Ti silicidation in a 1?m 1Mbit EPROM device.
MinClue: a MST-based clustering method with auto-threshold-detection (2005)

Clustering is to group data points into homogenous clusters so that data points within the same cluster are more similar than data points belonging to different clusters. There are many effective clustering algorithms for discovering arbitrary shaped clusters, but one common problem of many algorithms is the difficulty for users to decide appropriate parameters for these algorithms. To reduce the dependence of clustering performance on parameters, this paper proposes a threshold criterion for the single linkage cluster analysis and incorporates it into the Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) based clustering method. Since the threshold can be automatically decided according to the underlying data distributions, arbitrary shaped clusters can be discovered with little human intervention. The experimental results on spatial data are very encouraging.
Treatment of hip fracture in Finland and Sweden (1992)

A prospective population-based study of hip fracture treatment was performed during 1989 in the regional hospitals of Oulu (Finland) and Sundsvall and Lund (Sweden). For cervical fractures hemiarthroplasty was preferred in Oulu and osteosynthesis in Sundsvall and Lund. For trochanteric fractures screw-plate was preferred in Oulu and Lund and Ender-nailing in Sundsvall. A shorter mean time at the orthopedic department in Oulu (13 days) was compensated by a lower (14 percent) fraction of patients directly discharged to own home. A somewhat longer mean orthopedic hospitalization time in Sundsvall (19 days) and Lund (17 days) was combined with a higher discharge to own home (49 percent and 35 percent). Prospective multicenter comparisons of treatment combinations (both operation and rehabilitation) permit identification of programs that are optimal for both patient and society.
Sensorless position control of permanent magnet drives (2002)

Permanent magnet motor drives require absolute position information so that individual phase currents can be modulated in synchronism with the rotor. The eradication of such sensors has been the subject of many publications. This paper describes the principles and implementation of a new algorithm for combined flux-linkage and position estimation in permanent magnet motors. The algorithm uses the machine's flux-linkage versus current versus position characteristic and thus is able to take account of machine nonlinearities. The position estimator utilises the characteristic in a generalised nonintrusive estimation scheme, which is effective over the whole range of operating conditions. The paper shows implementation of the observer as embedded code in a DSP based drive system. All experimental results show for the first time the closed loop, sensorless, performance of the algorithm under steady state and transient conditions.
Silicon/Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Composite Paper as a Flexible Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries (2010)

Flexible silicon/single-walled carbon nanotube (Si/SWCNT) composite paper was prepared using the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method to deposit Si onto SWCNT paper. In the composite, Si mainly shows nanoworm-like morphology. Increasing deposition time results in an increased amount of Si microspheres. Electrochemical measurements show that the capacity of the composite paper is improved by the presence of Si. The Si/SWCNT composite with only 2.2% Si shows a capacity of 163 mA h g−1 at a current density of 25 mA g−1 up to 50 cycles, which is more than 60% improvement of the capacity of pristine CNT paper. The Si contribution in the 2.2%-Si/SWCNT sample is calculated to be higher than 3000 mA h g−1.
Generation of radial striations on particulate coated magnetic disks (1987)

In the manufacture of particulate magnetic disks using an air barrier coater to prevent solvent evaporation, and which allows thin (less than 750nm) films to be obtained, radial striations occur in the coating during the high velocity spin-off step. The radial striations are a function of the shear modulus of the coating, the spin-off velocity and the fluid (gas) turbulence at the coating/fluid interface. Experiments showed that this phenomenon corresponds in mechanism to the phenomenon observed by Hansen and Hunston in their studies on the interaction of turbulent boundary layers with compliant surfaces. Hansen and Hunston derived an expression to describe the onset of the radial striation formation. This expression can approximately describe the phenomenon which occurs on particulate magnetic disks.
A high-power GaAs MESFET with an experimentally optimized pattern (1980)

A high-power GaAs MESFET with a high packing density has been developed in order to increase the total gatewidth within limited practical device size. The gate-finger width was experimentally optimized to increase the packing density without deterioration of the power gain. The developed power MESFET is the crossover structure and has a total gatewidth of 15 mm with gate-finger width of 190 µm in a 2.2-mm-wide chip. The packing density was almost doubled, and the output powers of 25 W at 6 GHz, and 17 W at 8 GHz were obtained from the internally matched four-chip devices.
High-Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors with Nanoscale Channel Length and Their Application to Artificial Synapse (2020)

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have attracted considerable interests for various applications ranging from biosensors to digital logic circuits and artificial synapses. However, the majority of reported OECTs utilize large channel length up to several or several tens of micrometers, which limits the device performance and leads to low transistor densities. Here, we demonstrate a new design of vertical OECT architecture with a nanoscale channel length down to ∼100 nm. The devices exhibit a high on-state current of over 20 mA under a low bias voltage of 0.5 V, a fast transient response of less than 300 μs, and an extraordinary transconductance up to 68.88 mS, representing a record-high value for OECTs. The excellent electrical performance is attributed to the novel structure with a nanoscale channel length defined by the channel material thickness, which is intrinsically different from that of conventional OECTs with the channel length limited by the lithography resolution. Owing to the low thermal budget, we fabricate flexible devices on a flexible substrate, which exhibit unprecedented endurance characteristics and mechanical robustness after 1000 blending cycles. Furthermore, the proposed device is capable of mimicking biological inhibitory synapses for application in intelligent artificial neural networks. Our work not only pushes the performance limit of OECTs but also opens up a new design of OECTs for high-performance biosensors, digital logic, and neuromorphic devices.
The prediction of physical activity intention and behavior in elderly male residents of a nursing home: a comparison of two behavioral theories. (2012)

The results indicate that in addition to the TPB, self-efficacy may also play an important role in the prediction of behavior, and should be included in the design of physical activity programs for elderly men of nursing home residents.
Encapsulation of antihypertensive drugs in cellulose-based matrix microspheres: characterization and release kinetics of microspheres and tableted microspheres (2001)

This study is an attempt to prepare microspheres loaded with two antihypertensive drugs viz., nifedipine (NFD) and verapamil hydrochloride (VRP) using cellulose-based polymers viz., ethyl cellulose (EC) and cellulose acetate (CA). Emulsification and solvent evaporation methods were optimized using ethyl acetate as a dispersing solvent. The particles are spherical in shape and have smooth surfaces, as evidenced by the scanning electron microscopy. The microspheres were characterized for their particle size and distribution, tapped density and encapsulation efficiency. Smaller sized particles with a narrow size distribution were produced with EC when compared to CA matrices. Molecular level drug distribution in the microspheres was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry. The microspheres were directly compressed into tablets using different excipients. The drug release from CA was faster than EC microspheres and, also, the VRP release was faster than NFD. The excipients used in tableting showed an effect on the release as well as the physical properties of the tablets.
Phase-Selective Solubility of Poly(<i>N</i>-alkylacrylamide)s (2003)

The extent of the phase-selective solubility of poly(N-alkylacrylamide)s was studied by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy using poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and poly(N-octadecylacrylamide) as representative polar and nonpolar poly(N-alkylacrylamide)s in a mixture of polar and nonpolar thermomorphic solvents. Phase-selective solubilities of greater than 10000:1 were seen with each labeled polymer in polar and nonpolar solvents such as heptane and DMF or heptane and 90% EtOH-H(2)O. Using a poly(N-acryloxysuccinimide) as a common precursor, a pool-split synthesis was devised to prepare a library of poly(N-alkylacrylamide)s whose members varied only in the size of their N-alkyl substituent. The solubilities of these library members were measured in both the polar and nonpolar phases of a thermomorphic heptane/90% EtOH-H(2)O mixture at 25 degrees C. Such solvent mixtures are miscible hot (70 degrees C) and biphasic cold (25 degrees C). The results show that poly(N-pentylacrylamide) is selectively soluble (>99.5%) in the polar EtOH-rich phase at rest. Poly(N-alkylacrylamide)s with larger N-alkyl groups are predominantly (C(6), 85%; C(7), 95%) or exclusively (>C(8), >99.5%) in the heptane-rich phase at rest.
Increased Activity of 2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients with Ma- jor Depressive Disorder (2004)

The aim of this study was to measure the activity of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (2',5'AS) which is mainly induced by interferon (IFN)-α and -β in patients with major depression and evaluate its relationship to the disease. 2',5'AS activity of 23 patients (male = 11, female = 12) with major depression and of 29 normal control subjects (male = 15, female = 14) was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by radioassay. The mean 2',5'AS activity in the PBMCs of the patients and that of the control subjects were 1.10 ± 0.69% and 0.72 ± 0.51%, respectively. The activity in the patients was statistically higher than that of the control subjects (P = 0.03). These results imply some abnormality in the IFN-2',5'AS system of patients with major depression.