gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
4Gb/s Transmission Experiment over 117km of Optical Fiber Using a Ti:LiNbO3 External Modulator (1985)

To date, lightwave systems’ transmitters have used direct current modulation of the injection laser source. At gigabit/sec modulation rates, spectral control of the laser becomes more difficult and power penalties caused by dispersion become important in long haul applications1. An alternative approach, which offers the potential for efficient modulation, narrow source linewidth, and flexibility in the choice of laser structure, is the use of an external high-speed modulator2. These devices have been made low-loss with low drive voltage and wide bandwidth for the 1.3μm wavelength3 and more recently have been optimized for the 1.55μm region4. Below we describe the first use of a Ti:LiNbO3 traveling-wave directional coupler switch as an external modulator for optical fiber transmission at 4Gb/s. Repeaterless transmission at 1.53μm wavelength over 117km of conventional single-mode fiber was achieved. This result represents the largest capacity x repeater spacing product, ~0.5Tb–km/s, reported for a single-channel optical fiber span.
Reversible Redox Cleavage/Coupling of Polystyrene with Disulfide or Thiol Groups Prepared by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (2002)

Polymers with chemically labile disulfide groups in the backbone were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene using the 2-bromopropionic acid diester of bis(2-hydroxyethyl) disulfide as the initiator and CuBr/N,N,N‘,N‘ ‘,N‘ ‘-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine as the catalyst at 90 °C. Polymerization kinetics indicated insignificant transfer to the disulfide originating from the initiator. Using a monomer-to-initiator-to-catalyst ratio of 300:1:0.2, radical coupling reactions were suppressed compared to systems with more catalyst (300:1:1), and well-defined (with symmetrical and narrow (Mw/Mn < 1.1) molecular weight distribution) disulfide-containing polymers were prepared. The internal disulfide bond was cleaved by reduction with dithiothreitol to yield the corresponding thiol-terminated polystyrene. The thiol end groups were efficiently coupled back to the starting disulfide by oxidation with FeCl3. A dibromo-terminated polystyrene was synthesized under similar ATRP conditions using dimethyl 2,6-dibromoheptanedioate as the initiator and was used as a precursor for dithiol-terminated polymer. Thiodimethylformamide was employed to convert the bromine end groups to thiol functionalities. The obtained difunctional polymer was coupled to a high molecular weight product with internal disulfide bridges upon oxidation with FeCl3.
Bulk file I/O extensions to Java (2000)

The file I/O classes present in Java have proven too inefficient to meet the demands of high-performance applications that perform large amounts of I/O. The inefficiencies stem primarily from the library interface which requires programs to read arrays a single element at a time. We present two extensions to the Java I/O libraries which alleviate this problem. The first adds bulk (array) I/O operations to the existing libraries, removing much of the overhead currently associated with array I/O. The second is a new library that adds direct support for asynchronous I/O to enable masking I/O latency with overlapped computation. The extensions were implemented in Titanium, a high-performance, parallel dialect of Java. We present experimental results that compare the performance of the extensions with the existing I/O libraries on a simple, external merge sort application. The results demonstrate that our extensions deliver vastly superior I/O performance for this array-based application.
Two-factor authentication: is the world ready? (2015)

As text-based passwords continue to be the dominant form for user identification today, services try to protect their costumers by offering enhanced, and more secure, technologies for authentication. One of the most promising is two-factor authentication (2FA). 2FA raises the bar for the attacker significantly, however, it is still questionable if the technology can be realistically adopted by the majority of Internet users. In this paper, we attempt a first study for quantifying the adoption of 2FA in probably the largest existing provider, namely Google. For achieving this, we leverage the password-reminder process in a novel way for discovering if 2FA is enabled for a particular account, without annoying or affecting the account's owner. Our technique has many challenges to overcome, since it requires issuing massively thousands of password reminders. In order to remain below the radar, and therefore avoid solving CAPTCHAs or having our hosts blocked, we leverage distributed systems, such as TOR and PlanetLab. After examining over 100,000 Google accounts, we conclude that 2FA has not yet been adopted by more than 6.4% of the users. Last but not least, as a side-effect of our technique, we are also able to exfiltrate private information, which can be potentially used for malicious purposes. Thus, in this paper we additionally present important findings for raising concerns about privacy risks in designing password reminders.
The RF circuit design for magnetic power transmission dedicated to cochlear prosthesis (2005)

Wireless remote powering of implants is usually achieved with a transcutanous link. Such a link consists of two resonant circuits, an external transmitter and an implanted receiver. The inductances are realised by two coils, facing each other. The radiated power received by a small coil in implantable telemetry systems must not exceed a few ten of milliwatts to avoid the damage of the biological tissue. This requires a very efficient RF to DC converter, as well as the lowest possible power consumption for the biomedical sensor and data acquisition/transmission system. This paper describes the design of a CMOS 0.35 mu integrated circuit that includes a numeric control unit, a DE amplifier class, a voltage doubler/rectifier, as well as a low power voltage regulator. Numeric control unit included a Manchester encoder operating with a VCO (voltage controller output).
Transcutaneous Magnetic Stimulation (tMS) in Alleviating Post-Traumatic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain States: A Case Series (2014)

tMS offers a noninvasive treatment option for neuroma-related neuropathic pain conditions. Randomized controlled studies are required in further validating the efficacy of this treatment modality. Additional studies are also needed to assess the underlying electrophysiological mechanisms of the observed analgesic benefit.
Fiber-optic-bundle delivery system for high peak power laser particle image velocimetry illumination (1996)

We demonstrate the design and implementation of a fiber-optic-bundle beam delivery system for particle image velocimetry (PIV) applications. The system is designed for the transmission of high peak power pulses (≳20 mJ) from a Q-switched and frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser. A fiber bundle offers advantages over a single fiber in beam delivery systems for light sheet formation. The damage-limit-maximum power that can be transmitted is greater for the bundle than for any of its component fibers, and the quality of the derived light sheet is higher than that obtainable from a single large core fiber of power handling capacity equivalent to that of the bundle. The beam delivery system was demonstrated in PIV measurements on a premixed propane-air flame.
A combination of protein profiling and isotopomer analysis using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry reveals an active metabolism of the extracellular matrix of 3T3‐L1 adipocytes (2004)

Differential gel electrophoresis followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) is a commonly used protein profiling method. However, observed changes can be explained in multiple ways, one of which is by the protein turnover rate. In order to easily and rapidly obtain information on both the identity and turnover of individual proteins, we applied a combination of protein labeling with L-(ring-2,3,4,5,6 2H5) phenylalanine and MALDI-TOF MS. While the spectrum reveals the identity of a protein, mass isotopomer analysis provides information about the rate of protein labeling as a measure of synthesis or turnover. Using this approach on mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes, we were able to discriminate between rapidly and slowly metabolised proteins. In our isolate, proteins of the cytoskeleton appeared to be slowly metabolised, whereas components of the extracellular matrix, in particular collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) and collagen type I alpha 2 (COL1A2) showed rapid accumulation of newly synthesized proteins. Both proteins appeared to be metabolised in the same ratio as they are present in collagen fibers, i.e. 2:1 (COL1A1: COL1A2). In addition, functionally related proteins were also readily labeled. Taken together, we have shown that a combination of stable isotope labeling and protein profiling by gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF analysis can simultaneously provide information on the identity and relative metabolic rate of proteins in eukaryotic cells in a simple, nonhazardous and rapid-throughput way.
Software pipelining showdown (1996)

This paper is a scientific comparison of two code generation techniques with identical goals --- generation of the best possible software pipelined code for computers with instruction level parallelism. Both are variants of modulo scheduling, a framework for generation of software pipelines pioneered by Rau and Glaser [RaG181], but are otherwise quite dissimilar.One technique was developed at Silicon Graphics and is used in the MIPSpro compiler. This is the production compiler for SGI's systems which are based on the MIPS R8000 processor [Hsu94]. It is essentially a branch--and--bound enumeration of possible schedules with extensive pruning. This method is heuristic because of the way it prunes and also because of the interaction between register allocation and scheduling.The second technique aims to produce optimal results by formulating the scheduling and register allocation problem as an integrated integer linear programming (ILP1) problem. This idea has received much recent exposure in the literature [AlGoGa95, Feautrier94, GoAlGa94a, GoAlGa94b, Eichenberger95], but to our knowledge all previous implementations have been too preliminary for detailed measurement and evaluation. In particular, we believe this to be the first published measurement of runtime performance for ILP based generation of software pipelines.A particularly valuable result of this study was evaluation of the heuristic pipelining technology in the SGI compiler. One of the motivations behind the McGill research was the hope that optimal software pipelining, while not in itself practical for use in production compilers, would be useful for their evaluation and validation. Our comparison has indeed provided a quantitative validation of the SGI compiler's pipeliner, leading us to increased confidence in both techniques.
Continuous Patient Oxygenation During Endotracheal Intubation Through the LMA-FastrackTM (2002)

To the Editor: The use of LMA-Fastrack™ (The Laryngeal Mask Company, Limited, San Diego, CA) has become a popular method to intubate patients when endotracheal intubation is otherwise difficult or impossible. The maneuvers for using the LMA-Fastrack™ to guide and insert an endotracheal tube into the trachea and to remove the LMA-Fastrack™ after endotracheal intubation are well documented in the “LMA-Fastrack™ Instruction Manual” by Brain and Verghese (1). It states, “Because the LMA-Fastrack™ can be used as an airway device in its own right, ventilatory control and patient oxygenation may be continuous during intubation attempts, lessening the likelihood of desaturation.” However, compromised patients may become desaturated during insertion of a wire-reinforced endotracheal tube through the shaft of the LMA-Fastrack™ and during removal of the LMA-Fastrack™ after successful endotracheal intubation. During intubation attempts using the LMA-Fastrack™ without fiberoptic assistance, the wire-reinforced endotracheal tube can be connected to the anesthesia breathing circuit so that the patient can get apneic oxygenation or the lungs can be ventilated. When using a fiberoptic bronchoscope to guide the wire-reinforced tube into the trachea through the LMA-Fastrack™, a self-sealing connector with a side arm can permit continuous ventilation, as stated in the manual. The period of removal of the LMA-Fastrack™ after the trachea has been intubated is a critical period for oxygenation. The manual advises using an endotracheal tube stabilizer rod to keep the endotracheal tube in place when removing the LMA-Fastrack™. During this maneuver, patients cannot be ventilated or receive oxygen. By inserting the tip of a noncuffed endotracheal tube (6–7.5 mm) into the top end of the wire-reinforced endotracheal tube (instead of the stabilizing rod), the patient can be ventilated during removal of the LMA-Fastrack™ (Figs. 1 and 2).Figure 1: The tip of the non-cuffed endotracheal tube is inserted into the wire-reinforced endotracheal tube so that the patient’s lungs can be oxygenated or ventilated during tracheal intubation attempts through the LMA-Fastrack™.Figure 2: The patient can be ventilated during removal of the LMA-Fastrack™ after successful endotracheal intubation.At the same time, one can avoid the possibility of dislodging the endotracheal tube from the trachea and losing it in the patient’s mouth because the two tubes are tightly connected. A problem occurs when disconnecting the non-cuffed tube from the wire-reinforced endotracheal tube (Fig. 2). The disconnection is best performed by a second person because the person intubating must hold the wire-reinforced endotracheal tube tightly to prevent inadvertent extubation. Hiroshi Goto, MD Burt J. McKeag, MD
Microbial inactivation and shelf life of apple juice treated with high pressure carbon dioxide (2009)

Apple juice prepared from 'Annurca' apple puree was treated with a HPCD batch system. The pH, degrees Brix, color parameters and microbial load of the treated apple juice were compared with those of thermally processed juice. Thermal processes were carried out at 35, 50, 65, 85 degrees C and treatment times ranging between 10 and 140 minutes. Microbial inactivation kinetics indicated that 5-log reduction of natural flora in apple juice was achieved at 85 degrees C and 60 minutes of treatment time for conventional thermal process and at 16.0 MPa, 60 degrees C and 40 minutes for HPCD process. Results suggested that temperature played a fundamental role on HPCD treatment efficiency, with inactivation significantly enhanced when it increased from 35 to 60 degrees C. Less significant was the role of the pressure at the tested levels of 7.0, 13.0 and 16.0 MPa. Also, 5-log reduction of natural flora in apple juice was obtained at lower temperatures by cyclic treatments of six compression and decompression steps. There were no significant differences between treated and untreated samples in degrees Brix (alpha = 0.05). Significant differences were detected in pH values between the untreated and HPCD treated samples (alpha = 0.05). There was a significant decrease in 'L*' and 'b*' values and also differences were detected in 'a*' values between the untreated and the HPCD treated samples (alpha = 0.05). Statistical analysis for degrees Brix, pH and color data showed no differences between the untreated and HPCD treated samples in the first 2 weeks of storage at 4 degrees C. These results emphasize the potential use of HPCD in industrial applications.
Identification of PDCL3 as a Novel Chaperone Protein Involved in the Generation of Functional VEGF Receptor 2 (2013)

Angiogenesis, a hallmark step in tumor metastasis and ocular neovascularization, is driven primarily by the function of VEGF ligand on one of its receptors, VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2). Central to the proliferation and ensuing angiogenesis of endothelial cells, the abundance of VEGFR-2 on the surface of endothelial cells is essential for VEGF to recognize and activate VEGFR-2. We have identified phosducin-like 3 (PDCL3, also known as PhLP2A), through a yeast two-hybrid system, as a novel protein involved in the stabilization of VEGFR-2 by serving as a chaperone. PDCL3 binds to the juxtamembrane domain of VEGFR-2 and controls the abundance of VEGFR-2 by inhibiting its ubiquitination and degradation. PDCL3 increases VEGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and is required for VEGFR-2-dependent endothelial capillary tube formation and proliferation. Taken together, our data provide strong evidence for the role of PDCL3 in angiogenesis and establishes the molecular mechanism by which it regulates VEGFR-2 expression and function.
Fabricating Planar Nanoparticle Assemblies with Number Density Gradients (2002)

We report on preparing assemblies of gold nanoparticles with continuous gradients in number density on flat silica-covered substrates. The methodology consists of (i) first forming a one-dimensional molecular gradient of amino groups (−NH2) on the substrate by vapor deposition of amine-terminated silane molecules, followed by (ii) attachment of gold nanoparticles to −NH2 functional groups by immersing the substrate in a colloidal gold solution. Experiments using atomic force microscopy reveal that the number density of nanoparticles on the substrate varies continuously as a function of the position on the substrate. Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure studies confirm that the nanoparticle number density gradient is closely correlated with the concentration gradient of −NH2 groups anchored to the substrate. We demonstrate that the number density of nanoparticles within the gradient and the length of the gradient can be tuned by controlling the vapor diffusion of silane molecules. In addition we show that this simple methodology can be further extended to create double gradients, thus producing “a valley in nanoparticle concentration”.
Phase conjugation and perfect lensing (2003)

The concept of the perfect lens introduced by Pendry [Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 3966 (2000)], i.e., a possibility to achieve optical resolution well below the wavelength limit using a backward wave (also called Veselago or double-negative) material slab lens, is reinvestigated. It is shown that there is a direct analogy between the phenomena taking place at the slab interfaces and at a couple of phase-conjugating planes placed in free space. Thus, this work introduces an alternative to Pendry’s device. The physics behind the idea is discussed and certain directions of possible realizations are outlined.
Sequence Mining for Customer Behaviour Predictions in Telecommunications (2006)

Predicting the behaviour of customers is challenging, but important for service oriented businesses. Data mining techniques are used to make such predictions, typically using only recent static data. In this paper, a sequence mining approach is proposed, which allows taking historic data and temporal developments into account as well. In order to form a combined classifier, sequence mining is combined with decision tree analysis. In the area of sequence mining, a tree data structure is extended with hashing techniques and a variation of a classic algorithm is presented. The combined classifier is applied to real customer data and produces promising results.
Submicron BICMOS compatible high voltage MOS transistors (2002)

The design and implementation of high-voltage MOS transistors fully compatible with 0.8 /spl mu/m BICMOS technology is considered in this paper. Two-dimensional simulations were used in the design of the structures. Three different structures are presented. The results indicate that it is possible to implement MOS devices with a pitch of 8 /spl mu/m, breakdown voltage of the order of 20 to 50 V and specific on-resistance of the order of 0.8 to 10 m/spl Omega/ cm/sup 2/ by minor layout modifications and without changes in the process itself.
ASM pocket guide to clinical microbiology (1996)

Table of Contents Section 1. Taxonomic Classification of Medically Important Microorganisms Section 2. Indigenous and Pathogenic Microbes of Humans Section 3. Specimen Collection and Transport Section 4. Bacterial Diagnosis Section 5. Viral Diagnosis Section 6. Fungal Diagnosis Section 7. Parasitic Diagnosis Section 8. Vaccines, Susceptibility Testing Methods, and Susceptibility Patterns
Preface. Libertarianism from the Philosophical Perspective (2020)

Abstract This special issue of Studia Humana is devoted, and dedicated, to libertarianism; its promotion and its study. I am very grateful to the editors of this journal for inviting me to put together such a compilation. There are 16 contributions in all, covering most of the social science disciplines.
Voltage control in 3-phase stepped-wave inverters (1983)

Abstract A number of voltage-control schemes in 3-phase bridge inverters are investigated. These control schemes are applied to dual 3-phase cascaded bridge inverters with fifth- and seventh-harmonic neutralization to realize pulse-width and amplitude controlled waveforms. kVA ratings of filter components are calculated to realize a total harmonic distortion of 5% in the output waveform. The control scheme with two pulses per half cycle spaced 60° apart in individual inverters gives the lowest total harmonic distortion and requires the lowest filter kVA rating. The theoretical results are experimentally verified and are in closo agreement.
Double cubane type molybdenum-sulfur cluster aqua ion, [(H2O)9Mo3S4MoS4Mo3(H2O)9]8+ (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDouble cubane type molybdenum-sulfur cluster aqua ion, [(H2O)9Mo3S4MoS4Mo3(H2O)9]8+Takashi Shibahara, Takasuke Yamamoto, Hideki Kanadani, and Hisao KuroyaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 11, 3495–3496Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00245a071https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00245a071research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views136Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts