gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast super decoupled loadflow (1992)

A constant matrix loadflow method is presented along with its fast version leading to the proposed fast super decoupled loadflow (FSDL) method. Gain matrices of the FSDL method are defined independent of rotation angles, and they differ only in their diagonal terms. Rotation angles are limited to the maximum value of −36°. The slack-start procedure for efficiency is also suggested. These along with a simple modification of real power mismatches at PV-nodes yield a robust and fast loadflow method. The method is tested and compared with the recent general-purpose version of the fast decoupled loadflow (GFDL) method under a wide range of simulated system operating conditions and network parameters. The proposed method has good convergence and can be more than twice as fast as the GFDL method for systems of large R/X ratio branches.
Thoracoscopic CDH Repair—A Survey on Opinion and Experience Among IPEG Members (2015)

Thoracoscopic CDH repair is currently being performed by 89% of all participating IPEG members. ECMO, either active or previously, and persistent right-to-left shunting are the main deterrents to thoracoscopic repair. The fact that only 50% of surgeons stated that CDH can be repaired equally by thoracoscopy and open surgery suggests that future studies should focus on identifying the appropriate patient population.
Fluorous techniques for the synthesis and separation of organic molecules (2001)

D. Curran and Z. Lee, Green Chem., 2001, 3, G3 DOI: 10.1039/B100266J
Evaluation of cellular organization and axonal regeneration through linear PLA foam implants in acute and chronic spinal cord injury (2007)

There are few studies of neural implants in spinal cord injury (SCI) focused on supporting directed axon growth. In this study, we fabricated a macroporous poly (lactic acid) (PLA) foam with oriented inner channels. Amorphous foam without linear channels served as a control in an acute SCI injury model, and the effectiveness of foam with linear channels was further investigated in a chronic SCI model. Implants were placed into a 2 mm hemisection lesion cavity at the T8 spinal cord level in adult rats. Two weeks post-implantation, tissue sections including the implants were examined using antibodies against GFAP, p75, ED-1, laminin, GAP-43, and CGRP. Foam implants were well-integrated with the host spinal cord. In linear foams, numerous DAPI-stained cells were found within the inner channels. Schwann cells but not astrocytes had migrated within the channels. Intense laminin staining was observed throughout the extracellular matrix substrate. GAP-43- and CGRP-positive axons grew through the implants following the linear channels. In the amorphous control foams, DAPI staining distributed evenly through the pores. However, the growth of GAP-43 or CGRP-positive axons was misguided and impeded at the entrance area of the foam. Higher numbers of GAP-43 and CGRP-positive axons grew into linear foam implants after chronic SCI than acute SCI. These results suggest the potential application of linear foam implants in cell and axon guidance for SCI repair, especially for chronic SCI.
The Use of Adjustable Sutures in Upper Eyelid Surgery (1986)

s: The American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 16th Annual Scientific Symposium: PDF Only
A Current-Mirror-Based GaAs-HBT RF Power Detector for Wireless Applications (2007)

This paper describes circuit design and measurement results of a newly developed GaAs-HBT RF power detector for use in wireless applications. The detector features logarithm-like, frequency-independent characteristics. The detector can be also driven with small input power levels, enabling base-terminal monitor which can utilize directivity of a power stage. Since a unique current-mirror-based topology is successfully employed for realizing these features, the detector is easy to implement on a GaAs HBT power amplifier. Measurement results of a prototype detector fabricated with a single-stage amplifier on the same die are as follows. The detector can deliver a detection voltage of 0.4-2.5 V and its slope of less than 0.17 V/dB over a 2-22-dBm output power range at 3.5 GHz while drawing a current of less than 1.8 mA from a 2.85-V supply. The detector is also capable of suppressing voltage dispersion within 50 mV over a 3.1-3.9-GHz wide frequency range operation, and this dispersion is less than one-seventh of that of a conventional collector-terminal-monitor type diode detector.
Development of polymer‐molding‐releasing metal mold surfaces with perfluorinated‐group‐containing polymer plating (2003)

Abstract The polymer‐molding‐releasing properties of metal molds were found to be related to the following factors: (1) interfacial chemical bonding between the surfaces of polymers and metal molds and (2) a friction force or friction coefficient between polar substances and/or low‐molecular‐weight components in the polymers and physical factors on mold surfaces. We theoretically and experimentally confirmed that metal molds with good polymer‐molding‐releasing properties had very small surface free energies. We also proved that the surface free energies in the resulting polymer moldings were lower than before shaping. The molding releasing properties improved with decreasing friction force and friction coefficient between the surface of polymers and metal molds and with decreasing surface free energy. To obtain metal molds with lower surface free energies, we developed a polymer plating method with perfluorinated‐group‐containing triazine dithiol. The Metal mold treated by polymer plating had lower critical surface tension (7.5 mJ/m 2 ) than Teflon (18 mJ/m 2 ), indicating that the surface consisted of CF 3 − groups. The treated mold showed excellent durability in its releasing properties, which was better than that of the untreated mold. This technique was developed for the production of molds for the Fθ lens and the naturally bright focusing screen. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 2549–2556, 2003
Standard Handbook of Environmental Engineering (1989)

The first major handbook covering the entire field of environmental engineering Written by 36 leading experts in the field, this hands-on'' reference provides complete coverage of the latest environmental engineering practices, and includes up-to-date information on legislation and quality criteria to help you establish and prioritize your work goals and objectives. Packed with over 900 table, charts, and drawings, the Handbook covers air quality control, water supply, wastewater disposal, solid waste management, storm-water, and hazardous waste management. It's a must-have reference for anyone who needs to understand, manage, or evaluate environmental engineering technology.
Biopharmaceutical classification and development of limonene-based self-nanoemulsified capsule dosage form of coenzyme Q10 (2004)

Coenzyme QIO (CoQ) is a challenging micronutrient for oral formulation due to its low aqueous solubility and bioavailability. The present dissertation deals with a systematic approach to classify CoQ biopharmaceutically according to FDA biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS), and to develop a self-nanoemulsified capsule dosage form (SNCDF) with chiral limonenes. We have hypothesized that the oral bioavailability of CoQ may be enhanced by limonene based SNCDF.\n\nIn vitro transport studies using Caco-2 cells and solubility studies indicated that CoQ is moderately permeable and has low solubility. However, CoQ exhibits substantial solubility in limonenes. The permeability of CoQ across isolated rat GI segments revealed regional differences with maximum absorption through duodenum. Based on these results, a limonene based self-nanoemulsified formulation of CoQ was prepared and evaluated by in vitro and in vivo methods. Dissolution studies in water have shown CoQ release of > 90% within 5 minutes. Thermal analysis showed no significant change in CoQ endotherm. FT-IR and X-ray diffraction studies revealed the preservation of CoQ structure, indicating no interactions. Particle size, turbidity and zeta potential measurements have indicated that R-(+)-limonene provided superior self-nanoemulsified formulation of CoQ when compared with S-(-)-limonene. A three-factor, three-level optimization design was used to evaluate the effect of critical process variables on the drug release characteristics. Mathematical relationships, contour plots and response surface methodology were employed with constrained optimization to predict levels of factors that provide maximum drug release. The predicted and observed responses were in good agreement. The long term stability of the formulation was ascertained by subjecting to various temperature and humidity conditions for 6 months. The results indicated no significant effect on turbidity, particle size, zeta potential, DSC, FT-IR and total drug release at room temperature. The in vivo performance of CoQ limonene based SNCDF and eutectic based self-nanoemulsified drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) was evaluated by assessing the pharmacokinetic parameters, Tmax, Cmax, and AUC in rats. The oral bioavailability of SNCDF and SNEDDS was found to increase by 650% and 730% respectively when compared with CoQ powder (control). Preliminary assessment in human volunteers indicated increased tendency of rate and extent and metabolism of nanoemulsified preparations as compared to control.
Object modeling by registration of multiple range images (2002)

The problem of creating a complete model of a physical object is studied. Although this may be possible using intensity images, the authors use range images which directly provide access to three-dimensional information. The first problem that needs to be solved is to find the transformation between the different views. Previous approaches have either assumed this transformation to be known (which is extremely difficult for a complete model) or computed it with feature matching (which is not accurate enough for integration. The authors propose an approach that works on range data directly and registers successive views with enough overlapping area to get an accurate transformation between views. This is performed by minimizing a functional that does not require point-to-point matches. Details are given of the registration method and modeling procedure, and they are illustrated on range images of complex objects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Application of Atomic Layer Deposition Tungsten (ALD W) as Gate Filling Metal for 22 nm and Beyond Nodes CMOS Technology (2013)

By using two different precursors i.e. SiH 4 and B 2 H 6 , atomic layer deposition (ALD) Tungsten (W) as gate filling metal for 22 nm and beyond nodes CMOS technology were investigated in this work. In order to evaluate the potential for applications of two kinds of ALD W in CMOS devices, their properties were extensively characterized by means of X-ray Reflectivity (XRR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrical capacitance-voltage (C-V) and current-voltage (I-V) methods. It is revealed that the amorphous ALD W using B 2 H 6 and WF 6 shows lower growth rate, lower resistivity and better gap filling capability in high aspect ratio gate trenches, in contrast to the polycrystalline ALD W using SiH 4 and WF 6 . It is further evidenced that the doping of boron (B) in ALD W does not affect the C-V and I-V characteristics of as-prepared capacitors, demonstrating that the ALD W using B 2 H 6 and WF 6 is a good gate filling metal which can be widely used in advanced devices.
Anti-cancer effect of iNOS inhibitor and its correlation with angiogenesis in gastric cancer (2005)

AG has anticancer effect on gastric cancer, and it has positive synergistic effect with chemotherapeutic drugs. It may play important inhibitory roles in angiogenesis of gastric cancer. The anticancer effect of iNOS inhibitors may include inducing cell apoptosis, suppressing cell proliferation and reducing angiogenesis.
Statistics of the Recombinations of Holes and Electrons (1952)

The statistics of the recombination of holes and electrons in semiconductors is analyzed on the basis of a model in which the recombination occurs through the mechanism of trapping. A trap is assumed to have an energy level in the energy gap so that its charge may have either of two values differing by one electronic charge. The dependence of lifetime of injected carriers upon initial conductivity and upon injected carrier density is discussed.
Disinfection of low quality wastewaters by ultraviolet irradiation (1986)

Pilot-scale disinfection of simulated combined sewer overflow (CSO) by ultraviolet light (UV) and by high-rate chlorination were compared. Disinfection efficiency was evaluated over a range of dosages and contact times for fecal coliforms, enterococci, P. Aeruginosa, and Salmonella spp. Fecal coliform were reduced 3.0 to 3.2 logs at a UV dose of approximately 350,000..mu.. W s/cm/sup 2/. High-rate chlorination, at a contact time of 2.0 minutes and total residual chlorine concentration of approximately 25 mg/L (as Cl/sub 2/), reduced fecal coliforms by 4.0 logs. Pathogens were reduced to detection limits by both processes. Neither photoreactivation nor regrowth occurred int he disinfected effluents. The estimated capital costs of CSO disinfection by UV irradiation were consistently higher than for chlorination/dechlorination; operation and maintenance costs were similar. 19 references.
Expression of cytoplasmic granules with T cell‐associated serine proteinase‐1 activity in Ly‐2(CD8) T lymphocytes responding to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus <i>in vivo</i> (1989)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) with specificity for the T cell-associated serine proteinase-1 of the mouse (MTSP-1) were used to study expression and storage of this enzyme in T lymphocytes during lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus infection in vivo. Immunohistochemical analysis of splenic tissue at the peak of LCM virus-specific T cell-mediated cytolytic responses, i.e., at day 7 post infection, revealed high numbers of MTSP-1+ T lymphocytes in the interfollicular T cell-dependent area of the spleen. More than 50% of Ly-2+(CD8+) cells but only low numbers of Ly-2-(CD8-) cells, previously enriched by flow cytofluorometry, contained large amounts of cytoplasmic granules which stained both with MTSP-1-specific mAb and the esterase substrate N-alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine thiobenzyl ester. These data demonstrate that in vivo generated LCM virus-induced cytolytic T lymphocytes develop cytoplasmic storage granules containing MTSP-1 and suggest that the mechanism of granule exocytosis is operative in vivo; possibly MTSP-1 is one effector molecule participating in the Ly-2+(CD8+) T lymphocyte-mediated control of virus infection.
Performances of Electrically Conductive Concrete with Layered Stainless Steel Fibers (2012)

A new type of electrically conductive concrete with double-layered stainless steel fiber (DSSF) for deicing of pavements is developed in this study. The concrete is designed as a multi-layer structure with stainless steel fibers placed in two separate layers. The concrete matrix is modified with graphite particles or steel fibers. The mechanical properties and resistivity of the DSSF concrete are tested. The results have shown that the electrically conductive concrete with DSSF has low electric resistivity, making it suitable for the purpose of deicing.
Modeling of scatter radiation during interventional X-ray procedures (2015)

During catheterized x-ray interventions the patient and medical staff is exposed to scatter radiation, as a consequence of tissue interactions. Ionizing radiation for medical purpose is potentially dangerous and can cause malignancy, skin damage and more. Studies have suggested an increase in the prevalence of eye lens cataract, thyroid cancer and left sided brain tumors in doctors. Therefore, it is mandatory to reduce the radiation dose in medicine, a principle known as ALARA (as low as Reasonably Achievable). Lead aprons, collars and shieldings are safety precautions to protect the team in the operating room. The x-ray equipment and surgical techniques are constantly evolving and the interventions become more complex which may increase the x-ray dose. Although x-ray imaging is required in interventional procedures endeavors of reducing radiation exposure to staff is of high interest. There is a need to increase the awareness about scatter radiation and radiation protection efforts are gaining momentum. Initiative to train a dose reducing behavior by education and awareness are key documents within the European Union’s guidelines on Radiation protection. The aims of this thesis were to create a 3D model for representation of real-time exposure and accumulated scatter radiation to staff performing interventional x-ray procedures and identify parameters that affect the scatter radiation. Extensive measurements were made with real time dosimeters while irradiating an anthropomorphic phantom. For five lateral C-arm projections, 68 - 80 data points each were used to measure scatter dose distribution around the patient. In the typical operator position, the effect of craniocaudal projection angle, patient size, field size, image detector height and pulse rate on scatter radiation dose was also investigated. It was possible to create a 3D model from interpolated measurement data that can generate dose rate with promising results. Six out of eight modelled doses deviated +/- 26.6 % from the validation cases. A model that delivers relative dose is an intuitive approach in education for interventional x-ray radiation safety. The staff position in relation to the x-ray source and the patient size have a significant correlation to the dose rate. Additional measurements are needed to ensure the reliability of the model. This work completes the effect of scatter radiation distribution around the patient table, which is not yet evaluated as thoroughly by other authors.
2,3-Dihydro-9H-isoxazolo[3,2-b]quinazolin-9-ones and 3,4-dihydro-(1,2)-oxazino [3,2-b]quinazolin-10(2H)-ones. (1977)

Two series of compounds, 2,3-dihydro-9H-isoxazolo[3,2-b]quinazolin-9-ones and 3,4-dihydro-(1,2)-oxazino-[3,2-b]quinazolin-10(2H)-ones, were synthesized and evaluated for anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic activity. The isoxazolo compounds were generally more active than their oxazino homologs. Three compounds, i.e., 2,3-dihydro-9H-isoxazolo [3,2-b]quinazolin-9-one (W-2429) and its 2- and 3-methyl congeners, were the most active of all compounds tested in this study. On the basis of the biological results herein reported, W-2429 is considerably more effective than acetylsalicylic acid in inhibiting carrageenan-induced edema and in reducing brewer's yeast-induced fever in rats. Also, it was found to be more potent than propoxyphene hydrochloride in the Randall-Selitto test for analgesic activity.
Modeling, design and control of a portable washing machine during the spinning cycle (2002)

This paper presents a simplified three-dimensional dynamic model of a horizontal-axis portable washing machine. This model is used to predict the verge of walking instability during the spinning cycle. Next, two novel methods of stabilization are presented. The design-based method reduces the instability and is cost effective. The control-based method eliminates the instability and vibrations and is associated with active balancing. The both methods satisfy the current trend towards portable, lightweight full-feature washing machines.
Stability analysis of a physical unclonable function based on metal resistance variations (2013)

Keying material for encryption is stored as digital bit-strings in non-volatile memory on FPGAs and ASICs in current technologies. However, secrets stored this way are not secure against a determined adversary, who can use probing attacks to steal the secret. Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) have emerged as an alternative. PUFs leverage random manufacturing variations as the source of entropy for generating random bit-strings, and incorporate an on-chip infrastructure for measuring and digitizing the corresponding variations in key electrical parameters, such as delay or voltage. PUFs are designed to reproduce a bitstring on demand and therefore eliminate the need for on-chip storage. In this paper, we evaluate the randomness, uniqueness and stability characteristics of a PUF based on metal wire resistance variations in a set of 63 chips fabricated in a 90 nm technology. The stability of the PUF and an on-chip voltage-to-digital converter are evaluated at 9 temperature-voltage corners.
A remarkable cranium of Plesiopithecus teras (Primates, Prosimii) from the Eocene of Egypt. (1994)

Between 1991 and 1993 specimens of a highly distinctive primate, named Plesiopithecus teras [Simons, E.L. (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 10743-10747], were found at site L-41 in late Eocene deposits of the Fayum Depression, Egypt. The most important of these specimens consists of a nearly complete skull, which facilitates the evaluation of affinities of this primate. Characteristics of the known material now demonstrate that Plesiopithecus is a prosimian, although mandibular molar morphology, in particular, bears similarity to that in molars of archaic members of Anthropoidea. Plesiopithecus has a postorbital bar but lacks postorbital closure, it has upper molars without hypocones, and it may retain four lower premolars. Its familial rank was considered incertae sedis by Simons [Simons, E.L. (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 10743-10747]; it can now be demonstrated that Plesiopithecus justifies establishment of a new family and superfamily. The new superfamily apparently lies closer to the toothcomb prosimians (strepsirhines) than to any other known primate group. Under this interpretation the enlarged, procumbent tooth in the jaw of Plesiopithecus is homologous to either the lateral incisor or the canine of the prosimian toothcomb.
RDF provisioning for the Internet of Things (2012)

We present the platform-independent Wiselib RDF Provider for embedded IoT devices such as sensor nodes. It enables the devices to act as semantic data providers. They can describe themselves, including their services, sensors, and capabilities, by means of RDF documents. Used in a protocol stack that provides Internet connectivity (6LowPAN) and a service layer (CoAP), a sensor can autoconfigure itself, connect to the Internet, and provide Linked Data without manual intervention. We introduce Streaming HDT, a lightweight serialization format for RDF documents that allows for transmitting compressed documents with minimal effort for the encoding; this is tailored for typical IoT applications where the embedded devices are often senders and seldom receivers of complete documents.