gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Coating Materials on Two Dimensional Stress-Induced Deflection of Nanomechanical Sensors (2014)

Nanomechanical sensors, which have been expected as a promising platform for various applications, will not generate any measureable signal without an appropriate coating (receptor) layer. In spite of this critical dependence on the coating layer, there is almost no guideline for the optimization of these layers in terms of their material properties; such as, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, and geometrical parameters. In the present study, the effects of coating layer thickness [3 nm-10 microm], Young's modulus [100 Pa to approximately 1 TPa], and Poisson's ratio [0.10 to approximately 0.45] are investigated with the finite element analysis (FEA), focusing on systems with two dimensional (2D) stress induced either on top of the coating layer (i.e., surface stress) or at the interface between the coating layer and the silicon cantilever. It is found that the coating layer can either enhance or reduce the deflection of nanomechanical sensors depending on its material properties. These results provide guidelines for designing a coating layer to achieve higher sensitivity.
Photo Album Compression for Cloud Storage Using Local Features (2014)

This paper proposes a novel feature-based photo album compression scheme for cloud storage. The main contribution of this paper is the use of local features rather than pixel values for analyzing and exploring the correlation between images. Unlike previously established image set compression schemes, we adopt content-based feature matching, which is invariant to scale, rotation, and robust to illumination changes, in both correlation estimation and redundancy reduction. Based on feature-based correlation analysis, we organize correlated images as a pseudo sequence by minimizing the predictive cost. Since pseudo sequences have much more complicated correlations than natural videos, we further propose a three-step prediction to reduce inter-image redundancy based on local features. We first propose a feature-based multi-model approach to reduce local geometric deformations between images, resulting in multiple deformed predictions. We then decrease the illumination difference between each deformed prediction and the target image with a photometric transformation. Finally, we reduce redundancy between images using a block-based motion compensation, similar to video compression. Experimental results show that our proposed feature-based coding scheme can be 10 times more efficient than individual JPEG compression.
Magnetic domain studies of permalloy wire-based structures with junctions (2000)

Permalloy (Ni/sub 80/Fe/sub 20/) wire-based structures (30 nm thick and 1/spl middot/w/spl middot/10 /spl mu/m wide) with junctions (crosses, networks, H-shapes, rectangular chains and ring chains) prepared on a GaAs(100) substrate were observed in both their demagnetized and remanent states by magnetic force microscopy (MFM) in order to investigate the role of junction geometry in domain formation. Except in ring chains, two classes of domain configuration are found at the junction: (i) a domain wall-like feature due to abrupt spin rotation and (ii) a triangle-shape domain consistent with a flux closure configuration. Ring chains, on the other hand, form vortex domains at every other junction. The MFM observations are compared with micromagnetic calculations which qualitatively support the magnetic domain configurations.
Simple Approach for De Novo Structural Identification of Mannose Trisaccharides (2017)

Oligosaccharides have diverse functions in biological systems. However, the structural determination of oligosaccharides remains difficult and has created a bottleneck in carbohydrate research. In this study, a new approach for the de novo structural determination of underivatized oligosaccharides is demonstrated. A low-energy collision-induced dissociation (CID) of sodium ion adducts was used to facilitate the cleavage of desired chemical bonds during the dissociation. The selection of fragments for the subsequent CID was guided using a procedure that we built from the understanding of the saccharide dissociation mechanism. The linkages, anomeric configurations, and branch locations of oligosaccharides were determined by comparing the CID spectra of oligosaccharide with the fragmentation patterns based on the dissociation mechanism and our specially prepared disaccharide CID spectrum database. The usefulness of this method was demonstrated to determine the structures of several mannose trisaccharides. This method can also be applied in the structural determination of oligosaccharides larger than trisaccharides and containing hexose other than mannose if authentic standards are available.
Serodiagnosis of Histophilus ovis-associated epididymitis in rams (1988)

SUMMARY An elisa for the detection of antibodies to Histophilus ovis was used to evaluate the association of epididymal lesions in rams with serologic response to His ovis. Comparison of elisa results for His ovis in groups of rams with epididymal lesions with elisa results of clinically normal rams (control group) revealed a significant difference ( P < 0.01) between the control group and those rams from which His ovis was isolated. A significant difference ( P < 0.01) was noticed between the control group and rams with lesions from which an organism other than His ovis or Brucella ovis was isolated. Additionally, a significant difference ( P < 0.01) was noticed in elisa results between the control group and affected rams from which no organism was recovered and in which the epididymal lesion was not limited to the head of the epididymis. A difference was not detected in the His ovis elisa results between control rams and rams with lesions associated with a B ovis infection or rams from which no organism was recovered and in which the epididymal lesion was limited to the head of the epididymis. The serologic findings in our study suggest that His ovis is more important in the development of epididymitis in rams than culture results alone would indicate.
Design and evaluation of dynamic access ordering hardware (1996)

Article Free Access Share on Design and evaluation of dynamic access ordering hardware Authors: Sally A. McKee University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VAView Profile , Assaji Aluwihare University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VAView Profile , Benjamin H. Clark University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VAView Profile , Robert H. Klenke University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VAView Profile , Trevor C. Landon University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VAView Profile , Christopher W. Oliver University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VAView Profile , Maximo H. Salinas University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VAView Profile , Adam E. Szymkowiak University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VAView Profile , Kenneth L. Wright University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VAView Profile , Wm. A. Wulf University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VAView Profile , James H. Aylor University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VAView Profile Authors Info & Claims ICS '96: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on SupercomputingJanuary 1996Pages 125–132https://doi.org/10.1145/237578.237594Published:01 January 1996Publication History 24citation362DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations24Total Downloads362Last 12 Months29Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Publisher SiteeReaderPDF
Using Expectations to Drive Cognitive Behavior (2021)

Generating future states of the world is an essential component of high-level cognitive tasks such as planning. We explore the notion that such future-state generation is more widespread and forms an integral part of cognition. We call these generated states expectations, and propose that cognitive systems constantly generate expectations, match them to observed behavior and react when a difference exists between the two. We describe an ACT-R model that performs expectation-driven cognition on two tasks – pedestrian tracking and behavior classification. The model generates expectations of pedestrian movements to track them. The model also uses differences in expectations to identify distinctive features that differentiate these tracks. During learning, the model learns the association between these features and the various behaviors. During testing, it classifies pedestrian tracks by recalling the behavior associated with the features of each track. We tested the model on both single and multiple behavior datasets and compared the results against a k-NN classifier. The k-NN classifier outperformed the model in correct classifications, but the model had fewer incorrect classifications in the multiple behavior case, and both systems had about equal incorrect classifications in the single behavior case.
Surface LAMP-2 Is an Endocytic Receptor That Diverts Antigen Internalized by Human Dendritic Cells into Highly Immunogenic Exosomes (2017)

The lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP) family includes the dendritic cell endocytic receptors DC-LAMP and CD68, as well as LAMP-1 and LAMP-2. In this study we identify LAMP-1 (CD107a) and LAMP-2 (CD107b) on the surface of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDC) and show only LAMP-2 is internalized after ligation by specific Abs, including H4B4, and traffics rapidly but transiently to the MHC class II loading compartment, as does Ag conjugated to H4B4. However, pulsing MoDC with conjugates of primary (keyhole limpet hemocyanin; KLH) and recall (Bet v 1) Ags (H4B4*KLH and H4B4*Bet v 1) induced significantly less CD4 cell proliferation than pulsing with native Ag or Ag conjugated to control mAb (ISO*KLH and ISO*Bet v 1). In H4B4*KLH-pulsed MoDC, the duration of KLH residence in MHC class II loading compartments was significantly reduced, as were surface HLA-DR and DR-bound KLH-derived peptides. Paradoxically, MoDC pulsed with H4B4*KLH, but not the other KLH preparations, induced robust proliferation of CD4 cells separated from them by a transwell membrane, indicating factors in the supernatant were responsible. Furthermore, extracellular vesicles from supernatants of H4B4*KLH-pulsed MoDC contained significantly more HLA-DR and KLH than those purified from control MoDC, and KLH was concentrated specifically in exosomes that were a uniquely effective source of Ag in standard T cell proliferation assays. In summary, we identify LAMP-2 as an endocytic receptor on human MoDC that routes cargo into unusual Ag processing pathways, which reduces surface expression of Ag-derived peptides while selectively enriching Ag within immunogenic exosomes. This novel pathway has implications for the initiation of immune responses both locally and at distant sites.
Low-cost antenna array via antenna switching for high resolution 2-D DOA estimation (2013)

This paper presents a method of synthesizing covariance matrix elements of array input signal for high resolution 2-D Direction-Of-Arrival (DOA) estimation via antenna (sensor) switching. Antenna array generally has the same number of array elements and receiver modules which often leads large receiver hardware cost. Two of the authors have already studied a way of antenna switching to reduce receiver cost, but it can be applied only for periodic incident signals like sinusoid. In this paper, we propose a simple method of DOA estimation from sparse data by synthesizing covariance matrix elements of array input signal via antenna switching, which can also be applied to DOA estimation of antiperiodic incident signals. Performance of the proposed approach is evaluated in detail through some computer simulation.
An online kernel change detection algorithm (2005)

A number of abrupt change detection methods have been proposed in the past, among which are efficient model-based techniques such as the Generalized Likelihood Ratio (GLR) test. We consider the case where no accurate nor tractable model can be found, using a model-free approach, called Kernel change detection (KCD). KCD compares two sets of descriptors extracted online from the signal at each time instant: The immediate past set and the immediate future set. Based on the soft margin single-class Support Vector Machine (SVM), we build a dissimilarity measure in feature space between those sets, without estimating densities as an intermediary step. This dissimilarity measure is shown to be asymptotically equivalent to the Fisher ratio in the Gaussian case. Implementation issues are addressed; in particular, the dissimilarity measure can be computed online in input space. Simulation results on both synthetic signals and real music signals show the efficiency of KCD.
Chalcone-based Selective Inhibitors of a C4 Plant Key Enzyme as Novel Potential Herbicides (2016)

Weeds are a challenge for global food production due to their rapidly evolving resistance against herbicides. We have identified chalcones as selective inhibitors of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), a key enzyme for carbon fixation and biomass increase in the C4 photosynthetic pathway of many of the world's most damaging weeds. In contrast, many of the most important crop plants use C3 photosynthesis. Here, we show that 2',3',4',3,4-Pentahydroxychalcone (IC50 = 600 nM) and 2',3',4'-Trihydroxychalcone (IC50 = 4.2 μM) are potent inhibitors of C4 PEPC but do not affect C3 PEPC at a same concentration range (selectivity factor: 15-45). Binding and modeling studies indicate that the active compounds bind at the same site as malate/aspartate, the natural feedback inhibitors of the C4 pathway. At the whole plant level, both substances showed pronounced growth-inhibitory effects on the C4 weed Amaranthus retroflexus, while there were no measurable effects on oilseed rape, a C3 plant. Growth of selected soil bacteria was not affected by these substances. Our chalcone compounds are the most potent and selective C4 PEPC inhibitors known to date. They offer a novel approach to combat C4 weeds based on a hitherto unexplored mode of allosteric inhibition of a C4 plant key enzyme.
Absorption and Distribution of 14C-Labeled Condensed Tannins and Related Sorghum Phenolics in Chickens (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAbsorption and Distribution of 14C-Labeled Condensed Tannins and Related Sorghum Phenolics in ChickensLilian M. Jimenez-Ramsey, John C. Rogler, Tom L. Housley, Larry G. Butler, and Robert G. ElkinCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1994, 42, 4, 963–967Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00040a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00040a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views352Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of Nanoporous Metal Oxide Particles by a New Inorganic Matrix Spray Pyrolysis Method (2002)

In this paper we describe a new approach for the formation of nanoporous particles in which a thermally stable, water-soluble, and therefore easily leached second component is employed during spray pyrolysis to produce a composite particle. We demonstrate the new synthetic approach for synthesizing nanoporous aluminum oxide (Al2O3) by spray pyrolysis of aluminum nitrate (Al(NO3)3·9H2O) and sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions. The characteristics of the nanoporous material such as surface area, pore volume, and particle morphology are investigated as a function of relative humidity, temperature, and salt fractions. Specific surface area of the product particles increased significantly from 10 m2/g for the produced composite particles to over 370 m2/g for the remaining Al2O3 particles following aqueous leaching to remove the NaCl filler. Nanoporous particles could be produced at relatively low temperature (<550 °C) and high relative humidity (or low evaporation rate of aerosolized droplets) when followed by the aqueous leaching process of final product powder. However, we observed only solid particles at reactor temperatures above 700 °C and residence times of about 1 s. We attribute this behavior to evaporation of salt from the composite particles as evidenced through particles size distribution measurements, which showed the formation of a nuclei mode at these temperatures. At these higher temperatures we suspect a collapse of the porous network in the absence of the supporting salt network and results in particles with low surface area. Intermediate levels of salt fractions result in the formation of nanoporous particles, while high salt fractions result in a loosely connected network and the formation of individual nanoparticles in the salt matrix.
A new self-balancing DC-substitution RF power meter (1976)

Problems intrinsic in self-balancing Wheatstone bridges have led to the development of a new dc substitution microwave power meter. The new instrument allows four-terminal measurement of bolometer resistance and affords improved accuracy and lower noise at a lower cost than earlier instruments. Measurement errors due to imperfect behavior of the servo system are typically less than 0.01 percent.
Performance level modulates adult age differences in brain activation during spatial working memory (2009)

Working memory (WM) shows pronounced age-related decline. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have revealed age differences in task-related brain activation. Evidence based primarily on episodic memory studies suggests that brain activation patterns can be modulated by task difficulty in both younger and older adults. In most fMRI aging studies on WM, however, performance level has not been considered, so that age differences in activation patterns are confounded with age differences in performance level. Here, we address this issue by comparing younger and older low and high performers in an event-related fMRI study. Thirty younger (20-30 years) and 30 older (60-70 years) healthy adults were tested with a spatial WM task with three load levels. A region-of-interest analysis revealed marked differences in the activation patterns between high and low performers in both age groups. Critically, among the older adults, a more "youth-like" load-dependent modulation of the blood oxygen level-dependent signal was associated with higher levels of spatial WM performance. These findings underscore the need of taking performance level into account when studying changes in functional brain activation patterns from early to late adulthood.
Logistical challenges and assumptions for modeling the failure of global cessation of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) (2019)

<b>Introduction</b>: The inability to successfully stop all use of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) as part of the polio endgame and/or the possibilities of reintroduction of live polioviruses after successful OPV cessation may imply the need to restart OPV production and use, either temporarily or permanently. <b>Areas covered</b>: Complementing prior work that explored the risks of potential OPV restart, we discuss the logistical challenges and implications of restarting OPV in the future, and we develop appropriate assumptions for modeling the possibility of OPV restart. The complexity of phased cessation of the three OPV serotypes implies different potential combinations of OPV use long term. We explore the complexity of polio vaccine choices and key unresolved policy questions that may impact continuing and future use of OPV and/or inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV). We then characterize the assumptions required to quantitatively model OPV restart in prospective global-integrated economic policy models for the polio endgame. <b>Expert commentary</b>: Depending on the timing, restarting production of OPV would imply some likely delays associated with ramp-up, re-licensing, and other logistics that would impact the availability and costs of restarting the use of OPV in national immunization programs after globally coordinated cessation of one or more OPV serotypes.
The effect of nanoparticle size on the probability to cross the blood-brain barrier: an in-vitro endothelial cell model (2015)

These findings can help understand the effect of particle size on the ability to cross the blood brain barrier through the endothelial cell model, and design nanoparticles for brain imaging/therapy contrast agents.
Matrix metalloproteinases in inflammatory bowel disease: Boon or a bane? (2006)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of Zn(2+)-dependent extracellular matrix (ECM) degrading endopeptidases that share common functional domains, activation mechanisms, and collectively have the capacity to degrade all types of ECM proteins. In addition to playing a central role in ECM turnover, MMPs proteolytically activate or degrade a variety of nonmatrix substrates including chemokines, cytokines, growth factors, and junctional proteins. Thus, they are increasingly recognized as critical players in inflammatory response. Indeed, accumulating data from several studies indicate that they are the predominant proteases involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) via their influence on the function and migration of inflammatory cells, mucosal ulceration, as well as matrix deposition and degradation. Some MMPs are constitutively expressed and play a protective role in IBD through their effect on cellular homeostasis, while others are induced during inflammation-mediated tissue damage. This article focuses on the role of the various MMPs in IBD, discussing their physiologic and pathogenetic role in the context of intestinal defense, mucosal inflammatory response, and immune cell-epithelial interaction.
Lithographically defined metal-semiconductor-hybrid nanoscrolls (2005)

We report on two-layer metal-semiconductor-hybrid scrolls fabricated from rolled-up strained metal∕InGaAs-layers. As the central approach, the metallic layer itself acts as a stressor in contact with the semiconductor. Position and length of the scrolls can be precisely tuned by patterning the e-beam-evaporated metallic stressor with conventional lithographic techniques. The thickness of the metallization determines the radius of the resulting scrolls. This fabrication technique significantly improves the reliability and simplifies the fabrication of metal∕semiconductor three-dimensional objects which employ bending up layers. Even more important, using this technique the bending radius of such three-dimensional objects can easily be downsized to very small radii in the nanometer scale, e.g. in order to build nano-electro-mechanical systems.