gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> : Emergence of a Successful Pathogen (2008)

Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a highly troublesome pathogen for many institutions globally. As a consequence of its immense ability to acquire or upregulate antibiotic drug resistance determinants, it has justifiably been propelled to the forefront of scientific attention. Apart from its predilection for the seriously ill within intensive care units, A. baumannii has more recently caused a range of infectious syndromes in military personnel injured in the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts. This review details the significant advances that have been made in our understanding of this remarkable organism over the last 10 years, including current taxonomy and species identification, issues with susceptibility testing, mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, global epidemiology, clinical impact of infection, host-pathogen interactions, and infection control and therapeutic considerations.
ChemInform Abstract: Activation of Acyclic and Cyclic Conjugated Dienes in Cooperation with the Three Metal Centers (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Scaling-Up of Dental Pulp Stem Cells Isolated from Multiple Niches (2012)

Dental pulp (DP) can be extracted from child's primary teeth (deciduous), whose loss occurs spontaneously by about 5 to 12 years. Thus, DP presents an easy accessible source of stem cells without ethical concerns. Substantial quantities of stem cells of an excellent quality and at early (2-5) passages are necessary for clinical use, which currently is a problem for use of adult stem cells. Herein, DPs were cultured generating stem cells at least during six months through multiple mechanical transfers into a new culture dish every 3-4 days. We compared stem cells isolated from the same DP before (early population, EP) and six months after several mechanical transfers (late population, LP). No changes, in both EP and LP, were observed in morphology, expression of stem cells markers (nestin, vimentin, fibronectin, SH2, SH3 and Oct3/4), chondrogenic and myogenic differentiation potential, even after cryopreservation. Six hours after DP extraction and in vitro plating, rare 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) positive cells were observed in pulp central part. After 72 hours, BrdU positive cells increased in number and were found in DP periphery, thus originating a multicellular population of stem cells of high purity. Multiple stem cell niches were identified in different zones of DP, because abundant expression of nestin, vimentin and Oct3/4 proteins was observed, while STRO-1 protein localization was restricted to perivascular niche. Our finding is of importance for the future of stem cell therapies, providing scaling-up of stem cells at early passages with minimum risk of losing their "stemness".
Temperature Compensation of TE/sub 011/-Mode Circular Cavities (Short Papers) (1976)

This short paper describes a novel method for temperature compensation of TE/sub 011/-mode circular-waveguide cavities. Implementation and experimental results on a single cavity are presented.
Sketch (2000)

My love for Flash comes from the same place as my love for Lego: sitting down with nothing, then building and experimenting until I end up with something that interests me. I've been completely absorbed in drawing for about eight years now. I draw in a sketchbook for a couple of hours every day, letting one train of thought lead to the next, without much thought f where I'll finally arrive. I treat Flash exact the same way. I play and experiment building little toys and sketches, until th come together to form something mo significant.
Aluminum Nanocrystals as a Plasmonic Photocatalyst for Hydrogen Dissociation (2016)

Hydrogen dissociation is a critical step in many hydrogenation reactions central to industrial chemical production and pollutant removal. This step typically utilizes the favorable band structure of precious metal catalysts like platinum and palladium to achieve high efficiency under mild conditions. Here we demonstrate that aluminum nanocrystals (Al NCs), when illuminated, can be used as a photocatalyst for hydrogen dissociation at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, despite the high activation barrier toward hydrogen adsorption and dissociation. We show that hot electron transfer from Al NCs to the antibonding orbitals of hydrogen molecules facilitates their dissociation. Hot electrons generated from surface plasmon decay and from direct photoexcitation of the interband transitions of Al both contribute to this process. Our results pave the way for the use of aluminum, an earth-abundant, nonprecious metal, for photocatalysis.
Method for shifting natural frequencies of damped mechanical systems (1991)

A method for shifting the natural frequency of a damped mechanical system to a desired value is discussed. The solution is derived from the force response equation of the original system. The final equation contains only the degrees of freedom connected to the modifying parameter. Iterations are required, but the solution converges rapidly. Modal coupling effects and sensitivity for shifting a frequency are also derived. Numerical results indicate that the method is effective for system dynamics modification.
Quantitative determination by GLC of phenolic acids as ethyl derivatives in cereal straws (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuantitative determination by GLC of phenolic acids as ethyl derivatives in cereal strawsAnn Christine Salomonsson, Olof Theander, and Per AmanCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1978, 26, 4, 830–835Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1978https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60218a010RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views147Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (678 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dealing with occlusions with multi targets tracking algorithms for the real road context (2012)

In this paper, we present a robust approach to occlusion problems for tracking vehicle and pedestrian on road context. Most multi-target tracking algorithms, like Multiple Hypothesis Tracker (MHT) or Cardinalized Probability Hypothesis Density (CPHD), are based on a sensor detection probability map. This paper proposes to solve the occlusion issue by modifying this detection probability map. We assume targets occlusion is provided by other targets and are treated as non detection event. The new detection probability map is computed by taking into account the width and the imprecision of the position of the targets that hide the others. Our system has been validated with simulated data and also with real measurements from a smart camera sensor embedded in a real car for road context.
Protein nanoarray on Prolinker™ surface constructed by atomic force microscopy dip‐pen nanolithography for analysis of protein interaction (2006)

Protein nanoarrays are addressable ensembles of nano-scale protein domain on solid surfaces. This method can serve as a useful platform for ultraminiaturized bioanalysis. In this study, we investigated single molecular nanopatterning and molecular interaction of proteins that were immobilized on Prolinker surface of gold-coated silicon wafer by using dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) method. Contact force and humidity were optimized at 0.01 nN and 80%, respectively. The domain features of protein nanoarrays were developed at the contact time of 5 s. The optimized conditions for the nanoarray process were applied to create protein nanoarray using integrin alpha(v)beta3 and angiogenin. Constructed protein nanoarrays using integrin alpha(v)beta3 have single molecular monolayer with regular domain shape (height 15 +/- 5 nm). The changed height value due to the single molecular interaction between integrin alpha(v)beta3 and vitronectin was approximately 30 +/- 5 nm on Prolinker surface as measured with atomic force microscopy tip. Taken together, these results suggest that protein nanoarray on Prolinker surface fabricated by well-controlled DPN process can be used to analyze single molecular interaction of protein.
Microglia in human immunodeficiency virus‐associated neurodegeneration (2002)

Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with a syndrome of cognitive and motor abnormalities that may develop in the absence of opportunistic infections. Neurons are not productively infected by HIV. Thus, one hypothesis to explain the pathophysiology of HIV-associated dementia (HAD) suggests that signals released from other infected cell types in the CNS secondarily lead to neuronal injury. Microglia are the predominant resident CNS cell type productively infected by HIV-1. Neurologic dysfunction in HAD appears to be a consequence of microglial infection and activation. Several neurotoxic immunomodulatory factors are released from infected and activated microglia, leading to altered neuronal function, synaptic and dendritic degeneration, and eventual neuronal apoptosis. This review summarizes findings from clinical/pathological studies, animal models, and in vitro models of HAD. Most of these studies support the hypothesis that altered microglial physiology is the nidus for a cascade of events leading to neuronal dysfunction and death. Several molecular mediators of neuronal injury in HAD that emanate from microglia have been identified, and strategies for altering the impact of these neurotoxins are discussed.
FolksOntology: An Integrated Approach for Turning Folksonomies into Ontologies (2007)

We can observe that the amount of non-toy domain ontologies is still very limited for many areas of interest. In contrast, folksonomies are widely in use for (1) tagging Web pages (e.g. del.icio.us), (2) annotating pictures (e.g. flickr), or (3) classifying scholarly publications (e.g. bibsonomy). However, such folksonomies cannot offer the expressivity of ontologies, and the respective tags often lack a context-independent and intersubjective definition of meaning. Also, folksonomies and other unsupervised vocabularies frequently suffer from inconsistencies and redundancies. In this paper, we argue that the social interaction manifested in folksonomies and in their usage should be exploited for building and maintaining ontologies. Then, we sketch a comprehensive approach for deriving ontologies from folksonomies by integrating multiple resources and techniques. In detail, we suggest combining (1) the statistical analysis of folksonomies, associated usage data, and their implicit social networks, (2) online lexical resources like dictionaries, Wordnet, Google and Wikipedia, (3) ontologies and Semantic Web resources, (4) ontology mapping and matching approaches, and (5) functionality that helps human actors in achieving and maintaining consensus over ontology element suggestions resulting from the preceding steps.
(Pyridine)bis(8-quinolinolato)oxovanadium(IV): a free-radical-like metal center in reactions with dioxygen, p-benzoquinone, and aromatic nitroso compounds (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT(Pyridine)bis(8-quinolinolato)oxovanadium(IV): a free-radical-like metal center in reactions with dioxygen, p-benzoquinone, and aromatic nitroso compoundsMarco Pasquali, Alberto Landi, and Carlo FlorianiCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1979, 18, 9, 2397–2400Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50199a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50199a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views200Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Microchannel fabrication in PMMA based on localized heating by nanojoule high repetition rate femtosecond pulses (2005)

Microchannels are fabricated in a poly(methyl methacrylate) substrate by high repetition rate, nanojoule femtosecond laser pulses. The mechanism for channel fabrication is based on the localized heating of the substrate due to the high repetition rate of the laser, resulting in smooth walled cylindrical channels. Microchannels with diameters of 8 - 20 microm can be fabricated at 800 microm/s using 80 fs pulses at a repetition rate of 80 MHz and energy of 0.9 nJ/pulse.
The styrene–maleic acid copolymer: a versatile tool in membrane research (2015)

A new and promising tool in membrane research is the detergent-free solubilization of membrane proteins by styrene-maleic acid copolymers (SMAs). These amphipathic molecules are able to solubilize lipid bilayers in the form of nanodiscs that are bounded by the polymer. Thus, membrane proteins can be directly extracted from cells in a water-soluble form while conserving a patch of native membrane around them. In this review article, we briefly discuss current methods of membrane protein solubilization and stabilization. We then zoom in on SMAs, describe their physico-chemical properties, and discuss their membrane-solubilizing effect. This is followed by an overview of studies in which SMA has been used to isolate and investigate membrane proteins. Finally, potential future applications of the methodology are discussed for structural and functional studies on membrane proteins in a near-native environment and for characterizing protein-lipid and protein-protein interactions.
Creating Higher Titer Lentivirus with Caffeine (2010)

The use of lentiviral vectors extends from the laboratory, where they are used for basic studies in virology and as gene transfer vectors gene delivery, to the clinic, where clinical trials using these vectors for gene therapy are currently underway. Lentiviral vectors are useful for gene transfer because they have a large cloning capacity and a broad tropism. Although procedures for lentiviral vector production have been standardized, simple methods to create higher titer virus during production would have extensive and important applications for both research and clinical use. Here we present a simple and inexpensive method to increase the titer by 3- to 8-fold for both integration-competent lentivirus and integration-deficient lentivirus. This is achieved during standard lentiviral production by the addition of caffeine to a final concentration of 2-4 mM. We find that sodium butyrate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor shown previously to increase viral titer, works only ∼50% as well as caffeine. We also show that the DNA-PKcs (DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit) inhibitor NU7026 can also increase viral titer, but that the combination of caffeine and NU7026 is not more effective than caffeine alone. We show that the time course of caffeine treatment is important in achieving a higher titer virus, and is most effective when caffeine is present from 17 to 41 hr posttransfection. Last, although caffeine increases lentiviral vector titer, it has the opposite effect on the titer of adeno-associated virus type 2 vector. Together, these results provide a novel, simple, and inexpensive way to significantly increase the titer of lentiviral vectors.
Differential phase measurements in low-coherence interferometry without 2π ambiguity (2001)

Quantitative phase measurements by low-coherence interferometry and optical coherence tomography are restricted by the well-known 2pi ambiguity to path-length differences smaller than lambda/2 . We present a method that overcomes this ambiguity. Introducing a slight dispersion imbalance between reference and sample arms of the interferometer causes the short and long wavelengths of the source spectrum to separate within the interferometric signal. This causes the phase slope to vary within the signal. The phase-difference function between two adjacent sample beam components is calculated by subtraction of their phase functions obtained from phase-sensitive interferometric signal recording. Because of the dispersive effect, the phase difference varies across the interferometric signal. The slope of that phase difference is proportional to the optical path difference, without 2pi ambiguity.
Künstliche Freilandinfektionen mit den Erregern der Fuß- und Ährenkrankheiten des Weizens: I. Vorbereitung und Durchführung der Feldinfektionen sowie deren Neben- und Nachwirkungen (1962)

Es werden Methoden zur Durchfuhrung von Freilandinfektionen mit den Erregern der Fuskrankheiten (Cercosporella herpotrichoides Fron, Ophiobolus graminis Sacc.) und der Ahrenkrankheiten (Septoria nodorum Berk., Fusarium culmorum Link) entwickelt und die dazu notwendigen Vorarbeiten beschrieben. Fur den Erfolg der Infektionen ist es von ausschlaggebender Bedeutung, das die Umweltverhaltnisse berucksichtigt werden, unter denen in der freien Natur der Befall zustande kommt. Hierbei sind die Witterungsverhaltnisse besonders wichtig. In einer Schlusbetrachtung werden die Moglichkeiten einer Ansteckung benachbarter bzw. nachfolgender Weizenstande erortert. Eine Ansteckung von den kunstlich infizierten Parzellen her ist praktisch belanglos.
A local mechanism mediates NAD-dependent protection of axon degeneration (2005)

Axon degeneration occurs frequently in neurodegenerative diseases and peripheral neuropathies. Important insight into the mechanisms of axon degeneration arose from findings that the degeneration of transected axons is delayed in Wallerian degeneration slow (Wlds) mice with the overexpression of a fusion protein with the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) synthetic enzyme, nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (Nmnat1). Although both Wld(s) and Nmnat1 themselves are functional in preventing axon degeneration in neuronal cultures, the underlying mechanism for Nmnat1- and NAD-mediated axon protection remains largely unclear. We demonstrate that NAD levels decrease in degenerating axons and that preventing this axonal NAD decline efficiently protects axons from degeneration. In support of a local protective mechanism, we show that the degeneration of axonal segments that have been separated from their soma could be prevented by the exogenous application of NAD or its precursor nicotinamide. Furthermore, we provide evidence that such Nmnat1/NAD-mediated protection is primarily mediated by their effects on local bioenergetics. Together, our results suggest a novel molecular pathway for axon degeneration.
Vaccines and Autism (2002)

10. Peters A. Experiments on the mechanism of silver staining. II. Development. Quart J Microsc Sci. 1955;96:103-115. 11. Kiernan JA. Silver staining of axons in subcellular fractions of nervous tissue. Experientia. 1970;26:1352. 12. Grizzle WE. Theory and practice of silver staining in histopathology. J Histotechnol. 1996;19(3):183-195. 13. Clark G. Staining Procedures used by the Biological Stain Commission. 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1981. 14. Garvey W. Silver impregnation techniques to identify spirochetes and other bacteria. J Histotechnol. 1996;19:203-209. 15. Churukian CJ. Manual of the Special Stains Laboratory. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Medical Center, 2000. 16. Holmes W. Silver staining of nerve axons in paraffin sections. Anat Rec. 1943;86:157-187. 17. Samuel EP. The mechanism of silver staining. J Anat. 1953;87:278-287. 18. Peters A. Experiments on the mechanism of silver staining. III. Electron microscope studies. Quart J Microsc Sci. 1955;96:317-322. 19. James TH, ed. The Theory of the Photographic Process. 4th ed. New York: Macmillan, 1977. 20. Giolli RA. A note on the chemical mechanism of the Nauta-Gygax technique. J Histochem Cytochem. 1965;13:206-210. 21. Wolman M. Studies of the impregnation of nervous tissue elements. II. The nature of the compounds responsible for the impregnation of axons; practical considerations. Quart J Microsc Sci. 1955;96:337-341. 22. Horobin RW, Bancroft JD. Troubleshooting Histology Stains. Edinburgh, Scotland: Churchill Livingstone, 1998.
Chemical modification of the surface of a carbonyl iron powder (2006)

The surface of a carbonyl iron powder was chemically modified with functional triethoxysilanes and ethyl n-alkylphosphonates. The grafted layers were examined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and conductivity measurements.
Splicing of mRNA precursors: the role of RNAs and proteins in catalysis (1900)

Splicing of mRNA precursors was discovered over 30 years ago. It is one of the most complex steps in gene expression and therefore must be tightly controlled to ensure that splicing occurs efficiently and accurately. Splicing takes place in a large complex, the spliceosome, which contains approximately 200 proteins and five small RNAs (U snRNAs). Since its discovery, much work has been done to elucidate the pathway of the chemical reaction as well as the proteins and RNAs involved in catalysis. A variety of studies have established the potential for U2 and U6 snRNAs to play a role in splicing catalysis, raising the possibility that the spliceosome is a ribozyme. If correct, this would point to the spliceosomal proteins playing a supporting role during splicing. On the other hand, it may be that proteins contribute more directly to the spliceosomal active site, with the highly evolutionarily conserved Prp8 protein being an excellent candidate. This review will concentrate on recent work on splicing catalysis, and on elucidating the possible roles proteins play in this process.