gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-linear dynamic analysis of the cardiac rhythm during transient myocardial ischemia (2006)

Coronary artery occlusions related to myocardial ischemia drive cardiac control system reactions that may lead to heart failure. The purpose of this study was to assess the autonomic nervous system (ANS) response during prolonged percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Continuous ECG data were acquired from 50 patients before and during PTCA, with occlusions in the left anterior descending, left circumflex or right coronary artery. Heart rate variability (HRV) was analyzed for 3-min segments of the R-R interval signal obtained from ECG data. The ANS behavior was evaluated by HRV analysis using fractal-like indices. The fractal scalar exponent alpha(1) and power-law slope beta decreased considerably during PTCA. This indicates that significant reactions of autonomic control of the heart rate occurred during coronary artery occlusions, with a reduction in complexity of the ANS.
Epicardial Origin of Resident Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Adult Mammalian Heart (2014)

The discovery of stem and progenitor cells in the adult mammalian heart has added a vital dimension to the field of cardiac regeneration. Cardiac-resident stem cells are likely sequestered as reserve cells within myocardial niches during the course of embryonic cardiogenesis, although they may also be recruited from external sources, such as bone marrow. As we begin to understand the nature of cardiac-resident stem and progenitor cells using a variety of approaches, it is evident that they possess an identity embedded within their gene regulatory networks that favours cardiovascular lineage potential. In addition to contributing lineage descendants, cardiac stem cells may also be stress sensors, offering trophic cues to other cell types, including cardiomyocytes and vasculature cells, and likely other stem cells and immune cells, during adaptation and repair. This presents numerous possibilities for endogenous cardiac stem and progenitor cells to be used in cell therapies or as targets in heart rejuvenation. In this review, we focus on the epicardium as an endogenous source of multi-potential mesenchymal progenitor cells in development and as a latent source of such progenitors in the adult. We track the origin and plasticity of the epicardium in embryos and adults in both homeostasis and disease. In this context, we ask whether directed activation of epicardium-derived progenitor cells might have therapeutic application.
ENZYME INACTIVATION ON APPLE JUICE TREATED BY ULTRAPASTEURIZATION AND PULSED ELECTRIC FIELDS TECHNOLOGY (2009)

ABSTRACT Apple juice was pasteurized by an ultra-high temperature treatment (UHT) at 115, 125 and 135C for 3 and 5 s, and compared with a high-voltage pulsed electric field treatment (PEF) at ranges between 33 and 42 kV/cm with frequencies of 150, 200, 250 and 300 pulses per second (pps). Enzyme inactivation and physicochemical properties of the treated juices were compared using a nontreated sample as control. The UHT treatment was more efficient in enzyme inactivation, reducing 95% the residual activity of polyphenoloxidase at the maximum temperature and time. However, a PEF treatment at 38.5 kV/cm and 300 pps combined with a temperature of 50C achieved a 70% reduction of residual PFO activity. In terms of quality characteristics as a function of physicochemical properties, color, pH, acidity and soluble solids were all less affected by PEF than by UHT when compared with the untreated juice. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Apple juice is a popular beverage worldwide and it is consumed nearly as much as orange juice. Consumers prefer fresh-squeezed fruit juices with high nutrient value and fresh-like sensory attributes. Enzymatic browning negatively impacts appearance, nutritive value and flavor of fruit juices. The use of ultra-high temperature processing is efficient in microbial control, as well as in enzyme inactivation. Any thermal processing may, however, decrease the overall quality of the treated juices. Pulsed electric field processing provides a potential alternative to thermal pasteurization of fruit juices.
Gene expression associated with water‐stress adaptation of rice cells and identification of two genes as hsp 70 and ubiquitin (1991)

We have isolated polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐adapted rice cells that can proliferate in a medium with 20% PEG as well as in a medium with 1% NaCl. The adapted‐cells overproduce a set of proteins whose roles may be associated with water‐stress adaptation. To isolate genes encoding these proteins, we differentially screened a cDNA library and obtained 5 cDNA clones which showed preferential hybridization to mRNA of adapted cells. The present paper describes the pattern of expression and the sequence analysis of these 5 genes. Sequence analysis of partial cDNAs indicates that two genes encode the 70 kDa heat shock protein and the ubiquitin but the identities of the other 3 are not known. The expression of all 5 genes fluctuates slightly during the growth cycle of the PEG‐adapted cells grown in the control or in the PEG‐containing medium. In contrast, gene expression in the parental cells fluctuates to a much greater extent and always begins with an enhanced expression during the first day after subculture. Sub‐lethal concentrations of PEG or NaCl have no immediate effect on gene expression in parental cells but NaCl may have a long term effect in enhancing the expression of two genes after 5 days. Abscisic acid (ABA) has no effect on the expression of 4 genes but suppresses the expression of one gene. The roles of these genes in water‐stress adaptation of plant cells are discussed.
Opacity standards (1934)

Opacity of paper is commonly specified by the contrast-ratio method. According to this method the reflectance of the material backed by a perfectly absorbing surface divided by its reflectance when backed by a highly reflecting material such as magnesium oxide is taken as an index of opacity. Magnesium oxide, itself, is, however, commonly not used as the white backing because of its fragility; nor is the white backing placed in actual contact with the sample. Because of these and other sources of error, opacimeters frequently give erroneous results.
Three-dimensional subband-coding of HDTV signals with 140 Mbit/s (1989)

Subband coding is a very popular technique for reducing the bit rate of digitized HDTV signals from about 1 GBits/s to les than 140 MBits/s. Different frequency bands can be produced and independently coded by adapting coding methods to the characteristics of the subbands and utilizing the decreasing subjective visibility of picture degradations in the high frequency subbands. In this paper, a new subband technique is suggested. The procedure is based on spatial-temporal decomposition into two subbands. The digitized video signal is processed with a motion adaptive filter that utilizes both the spatial and the temporal frequency content.
<title>LEDs in frequency-omain spectroscopy of tissues</title> (1994)

Light spectroscopy in the frequency-domain has been used to study the optical properties of biological tissues. We have analyzed the possibility of using LEDs as intensity modulated light sources for frequency-domain spectroscopy. The use of LEDs presents several advantages: one LED's output covers a spectral region of about 80 nm, and commercially available LEDs allow for the coverage of the spectral range from 550 to 900 nm, which is a region of interest in near-IR medical applications; the light output of an LED is stable with respect to that of lasers and lamps; the wide angular distribution make LEDs safe for in vivo studies. Furthermore, LED frequency-domain spectroscopy is a relatively inexpensive technique. We describe some circuits we used to modulate the intensity of LEDs at radio frequency, and point out the possibility of building a multisource spectrometer. Some applications of LED frequency-domain spectroscopy, both in vitro and in vivo, are shown.
Quality control of microbiota metagenomics by k-mer analysis (2015)

We propose that k-mer analysis of raw metagenome sequence reads should be implemented as a first quality assessment prior to more extensive bioinformatics analysis, such as sequence filtering and gene mapping. With the rising demand for metagenomic analysis of microbiota it is crucial to provide tools for rapid and efficient decision making. This will eventually lead to a faster turn-around time, improved analytical quality including sample quality metrics and a significant cost reduction. Finally, improved quality assessment will have a major impact on the robustness of biological and clinical conclusions drawn from metagenomic studies.
Assessment of the adverse effects of the acaricide amitraz:<i>in vitro</i>evaluation of genotoxicity (2012)

Amitraz is a formamidine widely used in Veterinary Medicine for the treatment of ectoparasites. It is a highly liposoluble compound that is quickly absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes, thus making exposure potentially dangerous for humans and animals. The aim of this study was to compare the genotoxic potential of the active constituent of the insecticide amitraz and a commercial product containing amitraz in vitro in hamster cells. The induction of primary DNA damage was evaluated by alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) and the apoptotic ability was examined by the Annexin V/propidium iodide staining assay. The commercial formulation significantly increased the index of DNA damage at concentrations of 2.50-3.75 µg/mL compared to the control. The active constituent only induced significant DNA damage with the highest concentration (3.75 µg/mL). Although both tested products increased the frequency of cell death, neither of them induced significant differences. Genotoxic potential is a primary risk factor for long-term effects such as carcinogenic and reproductive toxicology. Results presented here highlight the need for further investigation of the potential health risk of this veterinary medicine.
A hierarchical motion estimation algorithm using nonlinear pyramid for MPEG-2 (2002)

In this paper, we introduce a new block-based hierarchical motion estimation algorithm using nonlinear pyramid (HMENP). The proposed algorithm based on nonlinear pyramid reduces the computational complexity dramatically since the implementation of nonlinear pyramid is multiplication free and addition-free. The variable block size was used in HMENP to avoid the drawback of the constant block size HMENP in describing small object motion activities. The proposed motion estimation algorithm has been implemented and tested in an MPEG-2 encoder. It is shown that the HMENP has a good performance in terms of the peak-to-peak signal-to-noise ratio as well as the subjective quality.
A cytokine mixture of GM‐CSF and IL‐3 that induces a neuroprotective phenotype of microglia leading to amelioration of (6‐OHDA)‐induced Parkinsonism of rats (2011)

Dopamine (DA) agonists are widely used as primary treatments for Parkinson's disease. However, they do not prevent progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, the central pathology of the disease. In this study, we found that subcutaneous injection of a cytokine mixture containing granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3 (IL-3) markedly suppressed dopaminergic neurodegeneration in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats, an animal model of Parkinson's disease. The cytokine mixture suppressed the decrease of DA content in the striatum, and ameliorated motor function in the lesioned rats. In response to the cytokine injection, dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta increased expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL. Microglial activation in the pars compacta was evident in both the saline- and cytokine-injected rats. However, the cytokine mixture suppressed expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and tumor necrosis factors α, and upregulated the neuroprotective factors insulin-like growth factor-1 and hepatocyte growth factor. Similar responses were observed in cultured microglia. Detailed morphometric analyses revealed that NG2 proteoglycan-expressing glial cells increased in the cytokine-injected rats, while astrocytic activation with increased expression of antioxidative factors was evident only in the saline-injected rats. Thus, the present findings show that the cytokine mixture was markedly effective in suppressing neurodegeneration. Its neuroprotective effects may be mediated by increased expression of Bcl-xL in dopaminergic neurons, and the activation of beneficial actions of microglia that promote neuronal survival. Furthermore, this cytokine mixture may have indirect actions on NG2 proteoglycan-expressing glia, whose role may be implicated in neuronal survival.
A low noise accelerometer with digital PID–type controller and multibit force feedback (1999)

A hybrid acceleration sensing system is presented consisting of a micromachined acceleration sensor and a CMOS-IC. Due to closed loop operation, linearity, measurement range and bandwidth of the sensor device are extended by more than an order of magnitude. The system forms an electromechanical ΔΣ-converter featuring an autozero OP minimizing low frequency noise, a multibit D/A-converter reducing quantization noise and a digital PID-type controller shaping quantization noise and providing high bandwidth. Experimental results show a resolution of 15,5 bit and a linear operation range of ±52g.
Tumor Ablation with Radio-frequency Energy (2000)

Tumor ablation by using radio-frequency energy has begun to receive increased attention as an effective minimally invasive approach for the treatment of patients with a variety of primary and secondary malignant neoplasms. To date, these techniques have been used to treat tumors located in the brain, musculoskeletal system, thyroid and parathyroid glands, pancreas, kidney, lung, and breast; however, liver tumor ablation has received the greatest attention and has been the subject of a large number of published reports. In this article, the authors review the technical developments and early laboratory results obtained with radio-frequency ablation techniques, describe some of the early clinical applications of these techniques, and conclude with a discussion of challenges and opportunities for the future.
Downregulation of Immunodetectable Atrial Connexin4O in a Canine Model of Chronic Left Ventricular Myocardial Infarction: Implications to Atrial Fibrillation (2002)

Chronic left ventricular myocardial infarction downregulates immunodetectable atrial Connexin40, a property that might contribute to the increased atrial fibrillation vulnerability in this model.
A Social Validation of Collaborative Annotations on Digital Documents (2005)

In this paper, we present the annotation purposes for a personal as well as for a collective use. In the context of digital documents, annotation systems allow not only to annotate passages but also to comment or reply to annotations within discussion threads (similar feature than forum’s one). Thus, readers can express their points of view, debate and even reach a consensus about annotated passages in the context of the documents. Moreover, thanks to this reply feature, people can respond to annotations for criticizing them. Therefore, a reader can explore the thread for evaluating the main annotation reliability according to the reactions of previous readers. As this mental work could be painful in the presence of numerous replies and answer levels, we describe, in this paper, an algorithm that computes annotations reliability. Annotation reliability relies on a synthesis of comments given for this annotation. It can be considered as a social validation of the annotation content. By using this reliability calculation, annotation systems can highlight the most reliable annotations, for instance. This visual adaptation can relieve readers from mentally identifying trustworthy annotations. Consequently, this leads to decreasing their cognitive overload.
Conformational behavior of temporin A and temporin L in aqueous solution: A computational/experimental study (2005)

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and circular dichroism (CD) experiments were carried out on aqueous temporin A and L, two short peptides belonging to an interesting class of natural substances known to be active mainly against Gram-positive/negative bacteria and fungi. Experimental results indicate the higher propensity of temporin L, with respect to temporin A, in forming alpha-helical structures. These results were revisited by long-timescale MD simulations, in which their alpha-helical propensity was investigated in the absence of trifluoroethanol. Results clearly show the higher stability of alpha-helix conformations in temporin L; moreover, an interestingly strong mechanical analogy emerges since both temporins show the same residue interval (from 7 to 10) as the most energetically accessible for alpha-helix formation. Such studies provide some intriguing structural and mechanical evidence that may help in better understanding and rationalizing the conformational behaviour of temporins in water solution and, ultimately, the inner principles of their microbial targets selectivity and mechanism of action at the level of cell membranes.
Sex Hormones and Mood in the Perimenopause (2009)

The focus of this chapter is the relationship between the onset of depression in women and the reproductive events of the menopause transition. Epidemiologic studies have documented that the majority of women do not become depressed during the menopause transition. However, recent longitudinal studies suggest that in some women, the reproductive events related to the menopause transition could play a role in the onset of depression. No abnormality of ovarian hormones has been identified that distinguishes women with depression from those who remain asymptomatic during the menopause transition. Nonetheless, several findings suggest a role of ovarian hormones in the onset of these depressions. First, episodes of depression cluster during the stage of the menopause transition that is accompanied by estradiol withdrawal. Second, randomized controlled trials have documented the short-term (3-6 weeks) antidepressant efficacy of estradiol in depressed perimenopausal women. Third, experimentally induced estradiol withdrawal triggers mood symptoms in some women. Thus, although depression is not a uniform accompaniment of the menopause transition, in some women, age-related changes in ovarian estrogen production may alter central nervous system function and predispose them to develop depression.
Observations of strain effects on the Si(001) surface using scanning tunneling microscopy (1990)

Scanning tunneling microscopy measurements of the influence of externally applied stress in Si(001) show that strain modifies the relative areas of the p(2×1) and p(1×2) domains, in agreement with low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) results. Strain produces a striped phase of majority and minority domains. The total repeat length between domains of the same type, given by the vicinal miscut of the surface, is conserved.
Electrically Polarized Biphasic Calcium Phosphates: Adsorption and Release of Bovine Serum Albumin (2010)

In this study, we applied electrical polarization technique to increase adsorption and control protein release from biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP). Three different biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) composites, with hydroxyapatite (HAp) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), were processed and electrically polarized. Our study showed that stored charge was increased in the composites with the increase in HAp percentage. Adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA), as a model protein, on the poled as well as unpoled surfaces of the composites was studied. The highest amount of BSA adsorption was obtained on positively poled surfaces of each composite. Adsorption isotherm study suggested a multilayer adsorption of BSA on the BCP composites. The effect of electrical polarization on BSA release kinetics from positively charged BCP surfaces was studied. A gradual increase in percent BSA release from positively charged BCP surfaces with decreasing stored charge was observed. Our study showed that the BCP based composites have the potential to be used as a drug or growth factor delivery vehicle.
RNA:protein ratio of the unicellular organism as a characteristic of phosphorous and nitrogen stoichiometry and of the cellular requirement of ribosomes for protein synthesis (2006)

Our results suggest that the decrease in RNA:protein and estimated P:N ratios with decrease in the growth rate of the microorganism is a consequence of an increased overall efficiency of protein synthesis in the cell resulting from activation of the general stress response and increased transcription of cellular maintenance genes at the expense of growth related genes. The strong link between P:N stoichiometry, RNA:protein ratio, ribosomal requirement for protein synthesis, and growth rate of microorganisms indicated by the study could be used to characterize the N and P economy of complex ecosystems such as soils and the oceans.
All-optical generation of states for “Encoding a qubit in an oscillator” (2010)

Most quantum computation schemes propose encoding qubits in two-level systems. Others exploit the use of an infinite-dimensional system. In "Encoding a qubit in an oscillator" [Phys. Rev. A 64, 012310 (2001)], Gottesman, Kitaev, and Preskill (GKP) combined these approaches when they proposed a fault-tolerant quantum computation scheme in which a qubit is encoded in the continuous position and momentum degrees of freedom of an oscillator. One advantage of this scheme is that it can be performed by use of relatively simple linear optical devices, squeezing, and homodyne detection. However, we lack a practical method to prepare the initial GKP states. Here we propose the generation of an approximate GKP state by using superpositions of optical coherent states (sometimes called "Schrödinger cat states"), squeezing, linear optical devices, and homodyne detection.
Therapeutic Ultrasound Applications in Craniofacial Growth, Healing and Tissue Engineering (2007)

Previous reports have shown that therapeutic ultrasound enhances healing of fractured bone as well as cut tendons. Moreover, it has been shown that therapeutic ultrasound enhances bone formation during distraction osteogenesis that is also known as Ilizarove technique. It has been recently reported that therapeutic ultrasound enhances tooth formation and eruption during mandible distraction osteogenesis in rabbits. This enhanced tooth formation and eruption was caused by new dental tissue formation, known as dentin and cementum. This led to a clinical trial in human that showed that therapeutic ultrasound can enhance repairing tooth root resorption caused by orthodontic treatment. This discovery can lead to many applications of ultrasound in the dental as well as in the craniofacial reconstructions. This paper provides an overview of the molecular basis of the achieved clinical results. Moreover, potential future application will be elaborated.
Synthesis of aldehyde functionalised polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (2001)

Hydrosilylation reactions have been used to functionalise the exterior surfaces of octavinyloctasilsesquioxane molecules to provide routes to octaaldehyde molecules. These have been characterised by NMR and MALDI (matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation)-TOF mass spectroscopy. Further reactions of the molecules to produce carboxylic acid and Schiff base functionalised species are also reported. The effect of temperature and catalyst on the regioselectivity of the reaction is discussed.