gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of Liquid Crystalline Alkylammonium Polyacrylates (2002)

Two monomers, 2-acryloyloxyethyl(didodecyl)methylammonium iodide and 2-acryloyloxyethyl(didecyl)methylammonium iodide, were synthesized and characterized. Radical polymerization of both monomers was carried out to form comb-like ionic polyacrylates as analogous amphiphilic derivatives of polysoaps. Thermal and mesogenic properties were evaluated by means of differential scanning calorimetry and polarizing microscopy. The polymers exhibited well-defined thermotropic smectic mesophases only upon cooling.
Use of Surface Seismic Data to Predict Formation Pore Pressure Worldwide (1991)

ABSTRACT An accurate prediction of formation pore pressures prior to drilling a well can significantly improve drilling performance, reduce the number of costly drilling problems encountered, and in many instances, can be the determining factor in successfully reaching objectives. This is particularly true when dealing with exploratory wells. The fact that we are going to penetrate the same stratigraphies as offset wells does not equate to being in the same pore pressure environment. In fact, when dealing with exploratory wells, there is a high percentage of the time when this is not the case. This approach to predicting formation pore pressures utilizes offset log information, and velocity information from surface seismic data. All surface seismic data has velocity information built into it in the way of stacking velocities. From these stacking velocities, estimates of interval velocities can be made. We have developed a quantitative technique for determining formation pore pressures from the relative changes in these velocities. From the stacking velocity data, we develop curves we refer to as ITT (Interval Transit Time) curves. ITT curves are generated at offset locations as well as the proposed drilling location. Actual offset well pore pressures are determined from the logs and the ITT curves at these offsets are calibrated to the known pressures. After this calibration process, the ITT at the proposed location can be interpreted to predict formation pore pressures to be encountered. The combination of these tools yields a reliable pore pressure scenario from which to plan a drilling program and execute the operations. This procedure has been utilized on numerous wells throughout the Gulf of Mexico as well as a number of wells around the world. The technique will be illustrated with figures as a step by step analysis is done. Results of the use of this methodology will also be illustrated.
Digitally enhanced homodyne interferometry (2012)

We present two variations of a novel interferometry technique capable of simultaneously measuring multiple targets with high sensitivity. The technique performs a homodyne phase measurement by application of a four point phase shifting algorithm, with pseudo-random switching between points to allow multiplexed measurement based upon propagation delay alone. By multiplexing measurements and shifting complexity into signal processing, both variants realise significant complexity reductions over comparable methods. The first variant performs a typical coherent detection with a dedicated reference field and achieves a displacement noise floor 0.8 pm/√Hz above 50 Hz. The second allows for removal of the dedicated reference, resulting in further simplifications and improved low frequency performance with a 1 pm/√Hz noise floor measured down to 20 Hz. These results represent the most sensitive measurement performed using this style of interferometry whilst simultaneously reducing the electro-optic footprint.
An optimal sequence of landfills in municipal solid waste management (2000)

Given that landfills are depletable and replaceable resources, the right approach, when dealing with landfill management, is that of designing an optimal sequence of landfills rather than every single landfill separately. In this paper we use Optimal Control models, with mixed elements of both continuous and discrete time problems, to determine an optimal sequence of landfills, as regarding their capacity and lifetime. The resulting optimization problems involve dividing a time horizon of planning into subintervals the length of which has to be decided. In each of the subintervals some costs, the amount of which depends on the value of the decision variables, have to be borne. The obtruned results are useful for other economic problems such as private an public investrnents, consumption decisions on durable goods, etc.
Carbonized Chicken Eggshell Membranes with 3D Architectures as High‐Performance Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors (2012)

Abstract Supercapacitor electrode materials are synthesized by carbonizing a common livestock biowaste in the form of chicken eggshell membranes. The carbonized eggshell membrane (CESM) is a three‐dimensional macroporous carbon film composed of interwoven connected carbon fibers containing around 10 wt% oxygen and 8 wt% nitrogen. Despite a relatively low surface area of 221 m 2 g −1 , exceptional specific capacitances of 297 F g −1 and 284 F g −1 are achieved in basic and acidic electrolytes, respectively, in a 3‐electrode system. Furthermore, the electrodes demonstrate excellent cycling stability: only 3% capacitance fading is observed after 10 000 cycles at a current density of 4 A g −1 . These very attractive electrochemical properties are discussed in the context of the unique structure and chemistry of the material.
A Deeper Look into Dependency-Based Word Embeddings (2018)

We investigate the effect of various dependency-based word embeddings on distinguishing between functional and domain similarity, word similarity rankings, and two downstream tasks in English.
Practical implementation of optimal management strategies in conservation programmes: a mate selection method (2001)

The maintenance of genetic diversity is, from a genetic point of view, a key objective of conservation programmes. The selection of individuals contributing offspring and the decision of the mating scheme are the steps on which managers can control genetic diversity, specially on ‘ex situ’ programmes. Previous studies have shown that the optimal management strategy is to look for the parents’ contributions that yield minimum group coancestry (overall probability of identity by descent in the population) and, then, to arrange mating couples following minimum pairwise coancestry. However, physiological constraints make it necessary to account for mating restrictions when deciding the contributions and, therefore, these should be implemented in a single step along with the mating plan. In the present paper, a single-step method is proposed to optimise the management of a conservation programme when restrictions on the mating scheme exist. The performance of the method is tested by computer simulation. The strategy turns out to be as efficient as the two-step method, regarding both the genetic diversity preserved and the fitness of the population.
Quantitative determination of Bisphenol A from human saliva using bulk derivatization and trap-and-elute liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (2011)

Endocrine disruptors cause adverse health effects as a result of their ability to shift the hormonal balance that is essential to the body. Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor that has garnered much attention because of its presence in many consumer materials, which generates a significant risk for exposure. A method is presented for rapid detection of oral exposure to BPA directly from human saliva. Saliva was chosen because it serves as a noninvasive sampling route to detect BPA exposure; however, it is one of many complex biological matrices that have traditionally posed problems in quantitative analysis. Such analyses usually require extensive sample preparation to reduce interferences contributed by the sample matrix. Three validated methods are presented here that feature a streamlined sample-preparation strategy (bulk derivatization) prior to accurate and sensitive analysis by trap-and-elute liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Validated methods include standard addition calibration with variable injection volumes and multiple injection loading, as well as with incorporation of an internal standard. Reported limits of detection reached as low as 49.0 pg/ml (2.9 pg loaded on-column; equivalent to parts per trillion in saliva) among the presented methods with good accuracy and precision throughout. A proof-of-concept study is demonstrated to show that the final validated method has potential application to specific studies for trace-level BPA detection from real samples.
Coaxial waveguides as primary feeds for reflector antennas and their comparison with circular waveguides (1985)

Determination numerique du champ de rayonnement d'un guide coaxial avec mode d'excitation TE 11 . La methode des moments donne une equation matricielle d'ou l'on tire les courants de surface. Etude de l'utilite d'un guide coaxial comme source primaire pour un paraboloide
A Microvisual Study of the Displacement of Viscous Oil by Polymer Solutions (2011)

Summary Of the various enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) polymer formulations, newly developed associative polymers show special promise. We investigate pore and pore-network scales because polymer solutions ultimately flow through the pore space of rock to displace oil. We conduct and monitor optically water/oil and polymer-solution/oil displacements in a 2D etched-silicon micromodel. The micromodel has the geometrical and topological characteristics of sandstone. Conventional hydrolyzed-polyacrylamide solutions and newly developed associative-polymer solutions with concentrations ranging from 500 to 2,500 ppm were tested. The crude oil had a viscosity of 450 cp at test conditions. Our results provide new insight regarding the ability of polymer to stabilize multiphase flow. At zero and low polymer concentrations, relatively long and wide fingers of injectant developed, leading to early water break-through and low recoveries. At increased polymer concentration, a much greater number of relatively fine fingers formed. The width-to-length ratio of these fingers was quite small, and the absolute length of fingers decreased. At a larger scale of observation, the displacement front appears to be stabilized; hence, recovery efficiency improved remarkably. Above a concentration of 1,500 ppm, plugging of the micromodel by polymer and lower oil recovery was observed for both polymer types. For tertiary polymer injection that begins at breakthrough of water, the severe fingers resulting from water injection are modified significantly. Fingers become wider and grow in the direction normal to flow as polymer solution replaces water. Apparently, improved sweep efficiency of viscous oils is possible (at this scale of investigation) even after waterflooding. The associative- and conventional-polymer solutions improved oil recovery by approximately the same amount. The associative polymers, however, showed more-stable displacement fronts in comparison to conventional-polymer solutions.
On symbol synchronization of MPPM sequences (1998)

We investigate the synchronization properties of slot-synchronized multipulse pulse position modulation (MPPM) sequences. We derive a bound on the probability of MPPM symbol synchronization and identify synchronizable MPPM symbols, which, when periodically inserted in the data stream, can remove an observed performance floor.
Enzymatic Radioiodination of Gonadotropins (1972)

A method is described for the enzymatic radioiodination of HCG, human follicle stimulating hormone (HFSH) and human luteinizing hormone (HLH) by a system consisting of lactoperoxidase, hydrogen peroxide and Na 125I. The hormones differed in their susceptibility to iodination. HCG was easily iodinated but HFSH and HLH required slightly higher concentrations of the enzyme and hydrogen peroxide. These hormones were labeled at specific activities satisfactory for radioimmunoassay. Biologic activities of these preparations were retained (HCG 108%, HFSH >62% and HLH 99%). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of these tracers was consistent with their radiopurity. This lactoperoxidase catalyzed iodination is a gentle, simple and rapid method, and the radioiodinated preparations are suitable for radioimmunoassay.
Semantic-based delivery of OLAP summary tables in wireless environments (2002)

With the rapid growth in mobile and wireless technologies and the availability, pervasiveness and cost effectiveness of wireless networks, mobile computers are quickly becoming the normal front-end devices for accessing enterprise data. In this paper, we are addressing the issue of efficient delivery of business decision support data in the form of summary tables to mobile clients equipped with OLAP front-end tools. Towards this, we propose a new on-demand scheduling algorithm, called SBS, that exploits both the derivation semantics among OLAP summary tables and the mobile clients' capabilities of executing simple SQL queries. It maximizes the aggregated data sharing between clients and reduces the broadcast length compared to the already existing techniques. The degree of aggregation can be tuned to control the tradeoff between access time and energy consumption. Further, the proposed scheme adapts well to different request rates, access patterns and data distributions. The algorithm effectiveness with respect to access time and power consumption is evaluated using simulation.
Saccharification of Agricultural Residues (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSaccharification of Agricultural ResiduesJ. W. Dunning and E. C. LathropCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1945, 37, 1, 24–29Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1945https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50421a006RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views401Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (929 KB) Get e-Alerts
A Study of the Anodic Polarisation of Lead Containing a Platinum Microelectrode in Aqueous Chloride Electrolytes. (1961)

The addition of a microelectrode of platinum to a lead anode polarised in sodium chloride solutions fundamentally alters the anodic behaviour. A detailed study has been made of the behaviour of lead-platinum bielectrodes in aqueous chloride electrolytes over a range of concentrations using galvanostatic, potentiostatic and microscopic techniques. In addition, studies have been made of lead, platinum and lead peroxide individually in sodium chloride solutions. It is considered that a platinum microelectrode on the surface of a lead anode limits the extent of formation of lead chloride and provides a suitable surface for the nucleation of lead peroxide. Subsequent formation of lead peroxide occurs over the surface of the previously formed lead chloride, the platinum and lead peroxide being in electrical contact. When the anode is completely covered with a film of lead peroxide, further passage of charge results in the conversion of the underlying layer of lead chloride to lead peroxide until the lead and lead peroxide are in contact, but this occurs slowly since the predominant electrode process at this stage is the discharge of chlorine at the microelectrode and on the lead peroxide. It has been shown that lead peroxide will only form and propagate satisfactorily within the range 0. 1-1. 3M NaCl, the lower limit being associated with the fact that lead will not passivate to sufficiently high potentials in solutions of sodium chloride below this concentration. It is believed that a number of factors are responsible for precluding the formation of lead peroxide at concentrations greater than 1. 3M since it was found that (a) lead peroxide is attacked when made anodic in high concentrations of sodium chloride, (b) deposition of lead peroxide on to platinum from sodium chloride solutions containing lead chloride is retarded with increasing chloride ion concentration, and (c) lead when made anodic in 2M NaCl gives rise to the formation of complex ions.
Focused ultrasound ablation offer prostate cancer option (2009)

Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in U.S. men, second only to lung cancer. During 2008, an estimated 186,320 new cases of prostate cancer will be diagnosed in the U.S.
Structural Diversity, Characterization and Toxicology of Microcystins (2019)

Hepatotoxic microcystins (MCs) are the most widespread class of cyanotoxins and the one that has most often been implicated in cyanobacterial toxicosis. One of the main challenges in studying and monitoring MCs is the great structural diversity within the class. The full chemical structure of the first MC was elucidated in the early 1980s and since then, the number of reported structural analogues has grown steadily and continues to do so, thanks largely to advances in analytical methodology. The structures of some of these analogues have been definitively elucidated after chemical isolation using a combination of techniques including nuclear magnetic resonance, amino acid analysis, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Others have only been tentatively identified using liquid chromatography-MS/MS without chemical isolation. An understanding of the structural diversity of MCs, the genetic and environmental controls for this diversity and the impact of structure on toxicity are all essential to the ongoing study of MCs across several scientific disciplines. However, because of the diversity of MCs and the range of approaches that have been taken for characterizing them, comprehensive information on the state of knowledge in each of these areas can be challenging to gather. We have conducted an in-depth review of the literature surrounding the identification and toxicity of known MCs and present here a concise review of these topics. At present, at least 279 MCs have been reported and are tabulated here. Among these, about 20% (55 of 279) appear to be the result of chemical or biochemical transformations of MCs that can occur in the environment or during sample handling and extraction of cyanobacteria, including oxidation products, methyl esters, or post-biosynthetic metabolites. The toxicity of many MCs has also been studied using a range of different approaches and a great deal of variability can be observed between reported toxicities, even for the same congener. This review will help clarify the current state of knowledge on the structural diversity of MCs as a class and the impacts of structure on toxicity, as well as to identify gaps in knowledge that should be addressed in future research.
Astrovirus: A Cause of an Enteric Disease in Turkey Poults (1986)

Virus particles of 30 nm diameter and star-shaped morphology were detected in intestinal contents of turkey poults and were identified as astroviruses. Seventy-six intestinal samples from 65 commercial turkey flocks between 6 and 35 days of age were evaluated for the presence of astroviruses by immune electron microscopy. Astroviruses were frequently detected in intestinal samples from poults that had enteritis and diarrhea of undetermined etiology. Astroviruses were geographically widespread and were present in poults from all six operations evaluated. Astroviruses were inoculated into specific-pathogen-free poults. Changes observed in the gastrointestinal tract were: dilatated ceca containing yellowish frothy contents, gaseous fluid in the intestinal tract, and loss of tone of the intestinal tract (gut thinness). Poults experimentally inoculated with astrovirus gained significantly less body weight and absorbed significantly less D-xylose than uninoculated controls.
Profiling B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Cleavage Peptidoforms in Human Plasma by Capillary Electrophoresis with Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2017)

B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) is a biologically active circulating hormone. Plasma concentrations of BNP are routinely used in the diagnosis of heart failure, and the intravenous infusion of recombinant BNP can be used for heart failure treatment. Like many bioactive polypeptides, multiple plasma enzymes are known to cleave circulating BNP, and as part of the CVD-B/D-HPP mandate, we sought to develop a technique capable of profiling these catabolic processes in plasma. We used a neutral-coated capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization (CESI) separation system coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry to profile the proteolysis of exogenous recombinant BNP<sub>1-32</sub> in plasma. Our method utilizes electrokinetic injection of minimally processed plasma samples to simultaneously monitor the dynamic generation and breakdown of at least five BNP peptidoforms in plasma. By integrating multisegment injection, our method can produce a multipoint BNP proteolytic profile for one sample within an hour. We envision applying this method to assess the potential relation between plasma-based BNP proteolysis and heart failure as well as a means of monitoring BNP bioavailability after therapeutic infusion.
Business Rules Integration in BPEL &#8212; A Service-Oriented Approach (2006)

Business rules change quite often. These changes cannot be handled efficiently by representing business rules embedded in the source code of the business logic. Efficient handling of rules that govern ones business is one factor for success. That is where business rules engines play an important role. The service-oriented computing paradigm is becoming more and more popular. Services offered by different providers, are composed to new services by using Web service composition languages such as BPEL. Such process-based composition languages lack the ability to use business rules managed by different business rules engines in the composition process. In this paper, we propose an approach on how to use and integrate business rules in a service-oriented way into BPEL.