gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tripeptide RGD-dependent adhesion of articular chondrocytes to synovial fibroblasts (1992)

Cell-cell interactions play an important role in the development of cartilage. Heterologous and homologous cell-cell interactions are critical for chondrogenic differentiation during development. Cell-cell interactions in the formation of fracture callus and cartilage neoplasia also invoke the process of cartilage differentiation. We have investigated cell-cell interactions between articular chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts and show that there was enhanced binding between these two cell types compared to background binding of the labelled cells to the tissue culture plastic surface. The binding of chondrocytes to fibroblasts was temperature- and calcium-dependent, suggesting ligand-integrin involvement. The peptide, GRGDSP, which competes with the ligand-integrin through the tripeptide RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid), almost completely inhibited chondrocyte attachment to synovial fibroblasts. The control peptide, GRGESP, had no inhibitory effect on binding. Antibodies to fibronectin (Fn) inhibited chondrocyte attachment by about 50%. Monoclonal antibodies to the alpha and beta chains of the fibronectin receptor (FnR) interfered with the attachment of chondrocytes to synovial fibroblasts. A combination of antibodies to Fn and to FnR did not completely abrogate chondrocyte binding, suggesting that other ligand-receptors were involved in the adhesion process. Chondrocytes and fibroblasts were shown to express membrane-associated Fn and FnR, by immunofluorescence. The alpha and beta chains of FnR, migrating at 110 and 140 kDa, respectively, could be immunoprecipitated from [35S]methionine-labelled synovial fibroblasts and chondrocytes. Northern blots showed the presence of mRNA for the alpha and beta chains of fibronectin receptors in fibroblasts and chondrocytes. Changes in cell shape were observed in chondrocytes on attachment to fibroblasts, i.e. the chondrocytes appeared fibroblast-like, suggesting that the chondrocytes had dedifferentiated. These studies suggest that chondrocytes specifically bind to synovial fibroblasts through RGD-dependent receptors. beta 1 Integrins are involved in this adhesion process and these heterlogous cell interactions appear to have a negative influence on chondrogenic differentiation.
Comparative analysis of the methods of drug and protein delivery for the treatment of cancer, genetic diseases and diagnostics (2011)

The methods of protein and drug delivery for the treatment of cancer, genetic diseases and diagnostics were summarized. The potential of protein transduction is discussed and the recent developments in the field are reviewed. An overview is provided of the non-viral delivery methods such as liposomes, polymer-based delivery, cell-penetrating peptides, bacterial secretion, cells, virosomes, physical methods including electroporation, microinjection, osmotic lysis, nanoparticles, sonoporation to locally inject therapeutic molecules. The characteristic properties of non-viral vectors and their use for the delivery of therapeutic molecules for the diagnosis and treatment of disorders and to target tumors are also discussed. The potential of the transduced peptides and proteins was used as new therapeutic compounds against infectious diseases, to complement deficiencies in specific genes, to specifically kill tumour cells, for gene therapy. The protein delivery vectors can enhance the transfection at low concentrations and help to develop future gene delivery systems with reduced toxicity. Vitamin B12, folic acid, biotin, and riboflavin are essential in the treatment of cancer. Ultrasound has a potential in the delivery of therapeutic agents. The new developing technologies of drug delivery and targeting offer the possibility to improve the therapeutic possibilities of the existing drugs and to develop novel therapeutics.
Functionalized Few-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Mechanical Reinforcement of Polymeric Composites (2009)

Compared to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and more defective multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), the thin few-walled carbon nanotubes (FWNTs) are believed to have extraordinary mechanical properties. However, the enhancement of mechanical properties in FWNTs-polymer composites has remained elusive. In this study, free-standing carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/polymer composite films were fabricated with three types (SWNTs, FWNTs, MWNTs) of functionalized CNTs. The mechanical properties of composite films have been investigated. It is observed that the Young's modulus of composite films with only 0.2 wt % functionalized FWNTs shows a remarkable reinforcement value of dY/dV(f) = 1658 GPa, which is approximately 400 GPa higher than the highest value (dY/dV(f) = 1244 GPa) that was previously reported. In addition, the Young's modulus increased steadily with the increased concentration of FWNTs. The results indicated that FWNTs are practically the optimum reinforcing filler for the next generation of carbon nanotube-based composite materials.
DC and AC Characteristics of GaAs/InGaAs/AIGaAS Real Space Transfer Transistors (1997)

DC and AC performances of a GaAs/InGaAs/AIGaAs negative resistance field‐effect transistor (NERFET) are demonstrated by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) for the first time. The negative differential resistance (NDR) resulted from the observation of the hot electron real space transfer effect in InGaAs channel. By Hall measurements, the structure shows carrier mobility as high as 4300 (13500) cm 2 /v‐s at 300 (77)K, which is suitable for high frequency operation. For DC performance, the largest peak‐to‐valley current ratio of the device is about 5 at room temperature. For AC performance, S‐parameter measurements of high frequency and microwave characteristics indicate a projected maximum frequency of oscillation of f max⁡ = 2.7GHz and a current gain cutoff frequency (f T ) occurs at 1.8GHz.
THE DESIGN OF A PROACTIVE PERSONAL AGENT FOR TASK MANAGEMENT (2012)

Personal assistant agents capable of proactively offering assistance can be more helpful to their users through their ability to perform tasks that otherwise would require user involvement. This article characterizes the properties desired of proactive behavior by a personal assistant agent in the realm of task management and develops an operational framework to implement such capabilities. We present an extended agent architectural model that features a meta-level layer charged with identifying potentially helpful actions and determining when it is appropriate to perform them. The reasoning that answers these questions draws on a theory of proactivity that describes user desires and a model of helpfulness. Operationally, assistance patterns represent a compiled form of this knowledge, instantiating meta-reasoning over the agent's beliefs about its user's activities as well as over world state. The resulting generic framework for proactive goal generation and deliberation has been implemented as part of a personal assistant agent in the computer desktop domain.
An open label phase I study of ABR-217620 in combination with docetaxel in patients with NSCLC. (2007)

A163 Background ABR-217620 (naptumomab estafenatox) is a recombinant fusion protein consisting of the 5T4Fab moiety genetically fused to the engineered superantigen variant SEA/E-120. ABR-217620 monotherapy data show selective T cell activation and cytokine induction; the MTD for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients is 22 μg/kg/day. PET has demonstrated localization of 124I-labeled ABR-217620 to 5T4 positive tumors. In this study we evaluated ABR-217620 in combination with a standard dose and schedule of docetaxel for NSCLC. Methods ABR-217620 was administered as a 5 min bolus infusion for 4 consecutive days followed by 75 mg/sqm docetaxel on day 5. This cycle was repeated days 22-26 and docetaxel was given again on day 47. Patients with stable disease or response at day 56 were offered continued therapy with the combination. ABR-217620 was dose escalated from 10.3 to 22 μg/kg/day. The primary endpoint was determination of MTD. Secondary endpoints included characterization of side effects, immunological response, efficacy and pharmacokinetics.Median number of prior treatments was 1, and 85% of patients had stage IV disease. Results 13 patients were treated. 1 patient experienced dose-limiting toxicities at the dose of 22 μg/kg/day (sepsis). The observed side effects during ABR-217620 treatment were expected and included transient fever, hypotension and nausea. Other toxicities recorded in the study were typical of docetaxel. ABR-217620, despite the administration of docetaxel and use of dexamethasone, leads to a dose-dependent systemic increase of cytokines after infusion, especially IL-2 and IFN-γ, and an expansion of the superantigen reactive T cell population. Of 10 evaluable patients, 2 had a PR, including one previously refractory to docetaxel; 5 had SD; 3 pts had PD. We observed diminished antibody formation against ABR-217620 compared to that seen in monotherapy studies of ABR-217620. Conclusions ABR-217620 treatment at 22 μg/kg/day is feasible and safe in combination with docetaxel. Accurate assessment of efficacy will require phase III testing.
Landmarks: a new model for similarity-based pattern querying in time series databases (2002)

In this paper we present the landmark model, a model for time series that yields new techniques for similarity-based time series pattern querying. The landmark model does not follow traditional similarity models that rely on pointwise Euclidean distance. Instead, it leads to landmark similarity, a general model of similarity that is consistent with human intuition and episodic memory. By tracking different specific subsets of features of landmarks, we can efficiently compute different landmark similarity measures that are invariant under corresponding subsets of six transformations; namely, shifting, uniform amplitude scaling, uniform time scaling, uniform bi-scaling, time warping and non-uniform amplitude scaling. A method of identifying features that are invariant under these transformations is proposed. We also discuss a generalized approach for removing noise from raw time series without smoothing out the peaks and bottoms. Beside these new capabilities, our experiments show that landmark indexing is considerably fast.
HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE MONKEY NEUROVIRULENCE OF GROUP B ARBOVIRUSES (1967)

Journal Article HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE MONKEY NEUROVIRULENCE OF GROUP B ARBOVIRUSES: III. RELATIVE VIRULENCE OF SELECTED VIRUSES Get access NEAL NATHANSON, NEAL NATHANSON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ALAN M. GITTELSOHN, ALAN M. GITTELSOHN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar INDERJIT S. THIND, INDERJIT S. THIND Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar WINSTON H. PRICE, WINSTON H. PRICE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar HUQUETTE RIVET-MOULIN HUQUETTE RIVET-MOULIN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 85, Issue 3, May 1967, Pages 503–517, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120713 Published: 01 May 1967 Article history Received: 21 December 1966 Published: 01 May 1967
Formation Mechanism for Stable Hybrid Clusters of Proteins and Nanoparticles (2015)

Citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNP) agglomerate in the presence of hemoglobin (Hb) at acidic pH. The extent of agglomeration strongly depends on the concentration ratio [Hb]/[AuNP]. Negligible agglomeration occurs at very low and very high [Hb]/[AuNP]. Full agglomeration and precipitation occur at [Hb]/[AuNP] corresponding to an Hb monolayer on the AuNP. Ratios above and below this value lead to the formation of an unexpected phase: stable, microscopic AuNP-Hb agglomerates. We investigated the kinetics of agglomeration with dynamic light scattering and the adsorption kinetics of Hb on planar gold with surface-acoustic wave-phase measurements. Comparing agglomeration and adsorption kinetics leads to an explanation of the complex behavior of this nanoparticle-protein mixture. Agglomeration is initiated either when Hb bridges AuNP or when the electrostatic repulsion between AuNP is neutralized by Hb. It is terminated when Hb has been depleted or when Hb forms multilayers on the agglomerates that stabilize microscopic clusters indefinitely.
Computer Analysis of Gas Field Deliverability and Development Economics (1964)

Abstract Long-term forecasts of gas field deliverabi Iity are necessary for both transmission and producing companies in order to permit orderly planning of facilities and the development of reserves. A digital computer program has been developed and is described here in. It is used to predict the availability of pipeline gas over the producing life of a field or pool, to forecast the numberof wells required to deplete the reserves efficiently, and to schedule the drilling requirements. The program also computes the amount of compression asit is required. Included in the output data are the average reservoir pressure and shut-in and flowing wellhead pressures for each year. Maximum daily per well allowable sand average well deliverabilities are calculated. These results are derived using the linear relationship between reseryoir withdrawals and P/Z forvolumetric reservoirs and using the wellhead deliverability curve. The latter function is empirical in derivation and makes use of the exponential relationship between rate of flow from a well and the difference of squares ofthe static and flowing wellhead pressures. A special aspect of the program is the well economics subroutine. This feature enables the user to predetermine the limiting conditions that a wellmust satisfy in order to be considered economic to drill. The program will calculate the present worth of future net production revenue from each additional well at any specified discount rate and, if the result is favourable, the well will be added to the system and will yield a rate of return greater than, or equal to, that specified in the input data. Producingcompanies often require a well to yield a total net production revenue which issome multiple of the capital investment in the well. This "well payout multiple" is left as a variable in the input data to accommodate individualcompany policy and to make provision for risk, amount of capital invested, expected productive life and other factors to be considered in investment decision making. Provision is also made in the program to establish a limit to the maximum number of wells to be drilled in the reservoir.
The MIntAct project—IntAct as a common curation platform for 11 molecular interaction databases (2013)

IntAct (freely available at http://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact) is an open-source, open data molecular interaction database populated by data either curated from the literature or from direct data depositions. IntAct has developed a sophisticated web-based curation tool, capable of supporting both IMEx- and MIMIx-level curation. This tool is now utilized by multiple additional curation teams, all of whom annotate data directly into the IntAct database. Members of the IntAct team supply appropriate levels of training, perform quality control on entries and take responsibility for long-term data maintenance. Recently, the MINT and IntAct databases decided to merge their separate efforts to make optimal use of limited developer resources and maximize the curation output. All data manually curated by the MINT curators have been moved into the IntAct database at EMBL-EBI and are merged with the existing IntAct dataset. Both IntAct and MINT are active contributors to the IMEx consortium (http://www.imexconsortium.org).
A Modified NDVI Threshold Method for Estimating LSE from FY3A/VIRR Data (2012)

Surface emissivity estimation is one of the most important aspects for land surface temperature estimation from remotely sensed data. Since different surface types are always combined in one single pixel, the emissivity is complicate to estimate. In this study, a modified NDVI threshold method is used to estimate the emissivities of band 4 and 5 from FY3A/VIRR data. The NDVI thresholds have been determined to separate bare soil, partially vegetated soil and fully vegetated land. Then a regression model that links emissivities in band 4 and 5 to reflectances in band 1-2 and 6-9 and NDVI is built to calculate emissivities in band 4 and 5 of bare soil. The regression relations also have been used to estimate the partially vegetated soil emissivity, and a constant emissivity have been used for fully vegetated area. Using 300*300 pixels around Heihe watershed, emissivity of each pixel in band 4 and 5 have been estimate, and a simple analysis show that the proposed algorithm can be used to estimate the emissivities of band4 and 5 from FY3A/VIRR data.
Studies on cytotoxicity generated in human mixed lymphocyte cultures. II. Anti-K562 effectors are distinct from allospecific CTL and can be generated from NK-depleted T cells. (1979)

In addition to the allospecific killing detected against Con A blasts, 5-day MLC (X vs Y m ) cells have a cytotoxic effect against K562 and the autologous (X) lymphoblastoid cell line (auto LCL). This effect is designated as anomalous killing or, AK. Both the AK and allospecific killing could be generated with purified E-rosetting cells, indicating that the effectors were T cells. However, they appeared to belong to different populations, based on three criteria: 1) Upon secondary challenge with the original stimulating cells, allospecific killing displayed a classical memory response. In contrast, peak AK activity against both K562 and the auto LCL was weaker in the secondary, compared to the primary culture. 2) The AK and allo targets did not cross-compete in cold target inhibition tests. 3) AK and allocytotoxicity distributed differently after fractionation of the MLC cells on immobilized immune complexes (IC plates). AK effectors may be similar to natural killer (NK) cells, as they preferentially kill K562 and other NK-sensitive targets. However, the anti-K562 effect was not entirely the result of persisting NK cells because the activity could be generated from Fc receptor-negative, NK-negative precursors. Furthermore, in contrast to NK cells, the AK effector cells could not be efficiently depleted by attachment to IC plates, suggesting that NK and AK differ with respect to expression of Fc receptors. The relationship between these two effects, as well as the conditions involved in activating AK, requires further clarification.
Mechanisms of the cytopathic action of actin‐ADP‐ribosylating toxins (1992)

Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin, Clostridium perfringens iota toxin, and Clostridium spiroforme toxin ADP-ribosylate actin monomers. Toxin-induced ADP-ribosylation disturbs the cellular equilibrium between monomeric and polymeric actin and traps monomeric actin in its unpolymerized form, thereby depolymerizing actin filaments and destroying the microfilament network. Furthermore, the toxins ADP-ribosylate gelsolin actin complexes. These modifications may contribute to the cytopathic action of the toxins.
A Trainable Neuromorphic Integrated Circuit that Exploits Device Mismatch (2015)

Random device mismatch that arises as a result of scaling of the CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semi-conductor) technology into the deep submicron regime degrades the accuracy of analogue circuits. Methods to combat this increase the complexity of design. We have developed a novel neuromorphic system called a Trainable Analogue Block (TAB), which exploits device mismatch as a means for random projections of the input to a higher dimensional space. The TAB framework is inspired by the principles of neural population coding operating in the biological nervous system. Three neuronal layers, namely input, hidden, and output, constitute the TAB framework, with the number of hidden layer neurons far exceeding the input layer neurons. Here, we present measurement results of the first prototype TAB chip built using a 65nm process technology and show its learning capability for various regression tasks. Our TAB chip exploits inherent randomness and variability arising due to the fabrication process to perform various learning tasks. Additionally, we characterise each neuron and discuss the statistical variability of its tuning curve that arises due to random device mismatch, a desirable property for the learning capability of the TAB. We also discuss the effect of the number of hidden neurons and the resolution of output weights on the accuracy of the learning capability of the TAB.
Discovery of a Novel Non-Peptide Somatostatin Agonist with SST<sub>4</sub> Selectivity (1998)

The discovery of novel non-peptide compounds with a high affinity for the peptide hormone somatostatin (SST) receptor is described. The compounds were tested for affinity at five human SST receptor subtypes individually expressed in mammalian cells. The compound NNC 26-9100 showed a Ki of 6 nM at SST4 and more than 100 fold selectivity for SST4 over SST1, SST2, SST3, or SST5. Competition binding studies and Scatchard analysis of the interaction by NNC 26-9100 with SST showed specificity at SST4. Furthermore, NNC 26-9100 was highly selective for SST4 over a variety of other G protein-coupled receptors, having affinities for M1 muscarinic acetylcholin and D3 dopamine receptors of around 500 and 1000 nM, respectively. Finally, NNC 26-9100 was found to fully inhibit forskolin-induced accumulation of adenosine 3‘,5‘-cyclic monophosphate in baby hamster kidney cells, expressing the human SST4 receptor with an EC50 of 2 nM.
University of Pennsylvania (1995)

Breck Baldwin and Jeff Reynar informally began the University of Pennsylvania's MUC-6 coreference effort in January of 1995. For the first few months, tools were built and the system was extended at weekly 'hack sessions.' As more people began attending these meetings and contributing to the project, it grew to include eight graduate students. While the effort was still informal, Mark Wasson, from Lexis-Nexis, became an advisor to the project. In July, the students proposed to the faculty that we formally participate in the coreference task. By that time, we had developed some of the system's infrastructure and had implemented a simplistic coreference resolution system which resolved proper nouns by means of string matching. After much convincing, the faculty agreed at the end of July that we could formally participate in MUC-6. We then began an intensive effort with full-time participation from Baldwin and Reynar, and part-time efforts from the other authors. In August we were given permission from Yael Ravin of IBM's Information Retrieval group to use the IBM Name Extraction Module [3]. We were also given access to a large acronym dictionary which Peter Flynn maintains for a world wide web site in Iceland (http://curia.ucc.ie/info/net/acronyms/acro.html).