gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of the Morphological Features of Cancer Arising in the Transition Zone and in the Peripheral Zone of the Prostate (1991)

To determine the characteristics of transition zone and peripheral zone prostate cancer, we examined a series of 42 stage A and 54 stage B radical prostatectomy specimens with particular attention to the number of separate foci of cancer, zone of origin, volume and grade of each focus, and presence of severe intraductal dysplasia (high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia), extra-capsular extension and seminal vesicle invasion associated with cancer in each zone. We found that there were fundamental differences between transition zone and peripheral zone cancers, and that the features that characterize these tumors were apparent in stages A and B disease. Although the total tumor burden was similar in stages A (3.98 cc) and B (4.56 cc) disease, stage A cancer tended to be multifocal (3.1 tumors per prostate) and more diffuse. While 81% of stage A prostate specimens contained a tumor of transition zone origin and 93% had cancer of peripheral zone origin, transurethral resection of the prostate sampled a transition zone cancer in 77% and a peripheral zone cancer in 31% (8% had both types). Stage B cancer tended to be more focal (2.3 cancers per prostate). All stage B prostate specimens contained a peripheral zone cancer and 43% had a transition zone cancer as well. In only 1 stage B cancer patient was the transition zone tumor the palpable or index cancer. In stages A and B disease, peripheral zone tumors were less well differentiated (median Gleason sum 6 and 7) than transition zone tumors (5 and 5, respectively) and more likely to extend through the capsule (44% versus 11%). Seminal vesicle invasion arose from 19% of the peripheral zone but none of the transition zone cancers. Peripheral zone tumors were almost always (93%) associated with high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, while none of the transition zone cancers was so associated. For peripheral zone disease there was a moderate correlation between volume and grade (tau = 0.46, p less than 0.001) so that the larger the tumor the higher the Gleason sum but within transition zone disease this correlation was poor (tau = 0.23) and not statistically significant (p greater than 0.05). Extracapsular extension occurred at a smaller volume with peripheral zone cancer (mean 3.86, minimum 0.06 cc) than transition zone cancer (mean 4.98, minimum 0.39 cc). Cancer that arises in the transition zone appears to have a different histogenesis, is associated with more favorable pathological features and may have less malignant potential than tumors that arise in the peripheral zone.
A549 Cells Can Express Interleukin-16 and Stimulate Eosinophil Chemotaxis (2001)

Alveolar epithelial cells produce many types of chemokines such as regulated on activation, normal T cells expressed and secreted (RANTES), eotaxin induced by interleukin (IL)-1 beta, or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and may contribute to allergic disease by recruiting eosinophils. However, identification of the eosinophil chemotacic activity (ECA) release from A549 cells, an alveolar type II cell line, has not yet been completed. Recently, IL-16 was also reported to be a potent chemotactic stimulus for CD4(+) T lymphocytes and eosinophils in asthma and other pulmonary diseases. To test the possibility that alveolar epithelial cells produce IL-16, we analyzed RNA and culture supernatant from A549 cells by reverse transcription/ polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The release of ECA from A549 cells was assessed using a blind-well chemotactic chamber. IL-16 release was increased in a concentration-dependent manner by stimulation with IL-1 beta or TNF-alpha. A549 cells also expressed IL-16 messenger RNA. The combination of IL-4 and IL-1 beta or TNF-alpha had an additive effect on IL-16 production. The release of ECA was induced by IL-1 beta or TNF-alpha in a dose-dependent manner. The combination of these cytokines had a greater effect than one alone. The blockade of eotaxin and IL-16 caused 70% inhibition of ECA, but anti-RANTES antibodies only caused 30% inhibition and anti-IL-8 antibodies failed to affect inhibition. These findings suggest a role for chemokines released by alveolar epithelial cells in the recruitment of eosinophils into the lung in pulmonary disorders such as asthma and interstitial lung diseases, and suggested that eotaxin and IL-16 are potent and effective eosinophil chemoattractants.
Polymer Wear and Its Control (1985)

In using a newly developed tribometer which allows the microscopic "in-situ" investigation of interfacial tribological processes through an optically transparent counterbody, contact deformation and static friction of thermoplastic polymers were studied. Examination of the contact deformation of polymers under load revealed that the contact deformation displacement is mainly influenced by the viscoelastic properties of the polymers. By measuring relaxed moduli and relaxation times the Hertzian theory of contacting bodies could be extended leading to a contact deformation formula which includes viscoelastic effects. For the onset of motion of polymer/polymer sliding pairs the static friction appears to be connected with interfacial adhesion. When data of the surface energy of the examined polymers were used, the experimentally determined friction values could be related to the adhesion energies of the different polymer/polymer sliding pairs.
The tissue-specific transcriptional regulation of the megakaryocytic glycoprotein IIb gene is controlled by interactions between a repressor and positive cis-acting elements (1996)

Much information on regulation of the transcription of megakaryocytic genes stems from studies on the glycoprotein IIb (GPIIb) gene, an early and specific marker of this lineage. Transcriptional activity is controlled by the association of positive promoter elements corresponding to binding sites for the transcription factor GATA-1 and a member of the Ets family. In the present study, we show that these elements are not directly involved in the control of cell specificity. In contrast, we identified a sequence located between -170 and -73 that exhibited a repressor activity based on an analysis of the transcriptional activity of 5'-deleted GPIIb promoter fragments transfected in the nonhematopoietic HeLa cells. Further analysis of this repressor by substitution mutagenesis of the -139/-63 region showed that bases -120/-116 and -102/-93 were required for full repressor activity. The repressor is able to interact differentially with GPIIb promoter elements active in the megakaryocytic HEL, the erythroid K562, the monocytic U937, or the nonhematopoietic HeLa cell lines, indicating that it controls GPIIb gene tissue specificity. In addition, direct evidence for tissue-specific interaction between this repressor and the GPIIb -598/ -406 enhancer was obtained when these elements were set in the context of a heterologous SV40 promoter. Interestingly, the same repressor element controlling tissue specificity of the GPIIb gene may also control its temporal expression during megakaryocyte differentiation, based on recent evidence obtained by Fong and Santoro (J Biol Chem 269:18441, 1994). Finally, we found that the -120/-116 GPIIb sequence was part of a consensus motif shared by promoters of other megakaryocyte-specific genes, suggesting a common repressor mechanism.
3-D implicit finite-difference migration by multiway splitting (1997)

Abstract We show that 3-D implicit finite-difference schemes can be realized by multiway splitting in such a way that the steep dip problem and the problem of numerical anisotropy are overcome. The basic idea is as follows. We approximate the 3-D square root operator by a sequence of 2-D operators in three, four, or six directions to solve the azimuth symmetry problem. Each 2-D square root operator is then approximated by a sequence of implicit 2-D operators to improve steep dip accuracy. This sequence contains some unknown coefficients, which are calculated by a Taylor expansion technique or by an optimization technique. In the Taylor expansion method, the square root and its approximation are expanded into power series. By comparing the terms, the unknown coefficients are calculated. The more 2-D finite-difference operators for cascading are taken and the more directions for downward continuation are chosen, the more terms from power series can be compared to obtain a higher-degree migration operator with better circular symmetry. In the second method, optimized coefficients are calculated by an optimization procedure whereby a variation of all unknown coefficients is performed, in such a way that both the sum of all deviations between the correct square root and its approximation and the sum of all deviations from azimuth symmetry are minimized. A mathematical criterion for azimuth symmetry has been defined and incorporated into the optimization procedure.
Role and Significance of Quantitative Urine Cultures in Diagnosis of Melioidosis (2005)

ABSTRACT Melioidosis is associated with significant mortality in countries in which it is endemic. Previous studies have demonstrated that quantitative Burkholderia pseudomallei counts in blood are predictive of mortality. Here we examine the relationship between outcomes and quantitative B. pseudomallei counts in urine. A total of 755 patients presenting to Sappasithiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, northeast Thailand (in the northeast part of the country), with melioidosis between July 1993 and October 2003 had quantitative urine cultures performed within 72 h of admission. Urine culture results were divided into the following groups: (i) no growth of B. pseudomallei from a neat sample or pellet, (ii) positive result from a centrifuged pellet only (<10 3 CFU/ml), (iii) detection of between 10 3 CFU/ml and 10 5 CFU/ml from a neat sample, or (iv) detection of ≥10 5 CFU/ml from a neat sample. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 45%. Patients with negative urine cultures had the lowest death rate (39%). Mortality rates rose with increasing B. pseudomallei counts in urine, from 58% for those with positive spun pellets only to 61% for those with between 10 3 CFU/ml and 10 5 CFU/ml and 71% for those with ≥10 5 CFU/ml. This was independent of age, presence of bacteremia, known risk factors for melioidosis such as diabetes, and the prior administration of antibiotics. The presence of B. pseudomallei in urine during systemic infection is associated with a poor prognosis.
Suppression of substrate coupling between slot antennas using electromagnetic bandgap structures (2008)

In this paper, the effect of finite substrate thickness is investigated for a single slot antenna printed on a grounded dielectric. It is concluded that a thin dielectric backed by a conductor wall drastically degrades the performance of the slot antenna while an EBG reflector provides unidirectional radiation pattern and gain improvement and increases the efficiency of the antenna by suppressing the unwanted parallel-plate waveguide mode. The EBG reflector is a mushroom type structure designed to induce a stopband around the resonance frequency of the slot antenna, i.e. at 5.2 GHz. It is also used as the reflector in a two slot antenna system. Fullwave simulations demonstrate that the designed EBG reflector results in improvement of antenna isolation by more than 20 dB across the frequency range of 3.05 GHz to 5.35 GHz by suppressing the substrate coupling through parallel-plate waveguide mode.
Role of Alginate O Acetylation in Resistance of Mucoid<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>to Opsonic Phagocytosis (2001)

Establishment and maintenance of chronic lung infections with mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) require that the bacteria avoid host defenses. Elaboration of the extracellular, O-acetylated mucoid exopolysaccharide, or alginate, is a major microbial factor in resistance to immune effectors. Here we show that O acetylation of alginate maximizes the resistance of mucoid P. aeruginosa to antibody-independent opsonic killing and is the molecular basis for the resistance of mucoid P. aeruginosa to normally nonopsonic but alginate-specific antibodies found in normal human sera and sera of infected CF patients. O acetylation of alginate appears to be critical for P. aeruginosa resistance to host immune effectors in CF patients.
Role of Physicochemical Structure of Organosolv Hardwood and Herbaceous Lignins on Carbon Fiber Performance (2016)

Lignin was extracted from Alamo switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and yellow polar (Liriodendron tulipifera) by organosolv fractionation at different pretreatment temperatures, and its chemical structure was studied by means of elemental analysis and spectroscopy. Thermal properties of lignins were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Lignin fibers were produced via melt-spinning by a twin-screw extruder with a custom spinneret. Fibers were thermostabilized at different rates and finally carbonized. In both species, lignin obtained from higher severity organosolv fractionation had fewer impurities, higher content of phenolic hydroxyl groups, and more condensed structures as a result of extensive cleavage of aryl ether linkages. Higher organosolv severity improved the ability to spin fibers; in the case of switchgrass, only the high severity sample was spinnable. High severity also decreased thermostabilization time and increased tensile strength and modulus of carbon fibers. A decrease in the ratio of ether linkages to condensed units appears to be the main reason for faster stabilization. Switchgrass lignin had less thermal stability at low temperature that results in formation of volatiles, mainly due to the presence of ester-linked phenolic acids. These volatiles are more prevalent at low severity and prevent forming continuous fibers during spinning. As a result, pores forming on the surface of switchgrass fibers led to lower strength. Tuning the severity of fractionation is recommended as an easy method to change lignin characteristics, to find the proper severity range, and to produce lignin suitable for carbon fiber production.
Thiol End-Functionalization of Poly(ε-caprolactone), Catalyzed by <i>Candida antarctica</i> Lipase B (2005)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUECommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTThiol End-Functionalization of Poly(ε-caprolactone), Catalyzed by Candida antarctica Lipase BCecilia Hedfors, Emma Östmark, Eva Malmström, Karl Hult, and Mats MartinelleView Author Information Department of Biotechnology, AlbaNova University Center, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, and Fibre and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden Cite this: Macromolecules 2005, 38, 3, 647–649Publication Date (Web):January 8, 2005Publication History Received21 September 2004Revised30 November 2004Published online8 January 2005Published inissue 1 February 2005https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma048056rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma048056rrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2005 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2058Altmetric-Citations97LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Carbene compounds,Catalysts,Peptides and proteins,Polymers,Thiols Get e-Alerts
Increased FGFR1 copy number in lung squamous cell carcinomas (2011)

The basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), via activation of its receptor, FGFR1, has been postulated to be an important inducer of host stromal response and angiogenesis. More recently, FGFR1 amplifications were investigated using large-scale single nucleotide polymorphism arrays in lung cancer. We hypothesized that FGFR1 overexpression may be correlated with the clinicopathological features of lung cancers. The increased copy number of the FGFR1 gene was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction amplifications in 100 surgically treated non-small cell lung cancer cases from Nagoya City University Hospital. Sixty-five squamous cell carcinoma cases were included. An increased FGFR1 gene copy number was found in 32 (32%) lung cancer patients. The increased FGFR1 copy number status significantly correlated with gender (females 13.8% vs. males 39.4%, p=0.0173), smoking status (never smoker 4.2% vs. smoker 40.8%, p=0.0004) and pathological subtypes (squamous cell carcinoma 41.5% vs. non-squamous cell carcinoma 14.3%, p=0.0066). However, within the squamous cell carcinomas the FGFR1 copy number status did not significantly correlate with gender, smoking status, pathological stages and differentiation status of the lung cancers. Thus, the FGFR1 copy number is common within squamous cell carcinoma.
High Tidal Volume Ventilation Induces Proinflammatory Signaling in Rat Lung Endothelium (2003)

Alveolar overdistension during mechanical ventilation causes leukocyte sequestration, leading to lung injury. However, underlying endothelial cell (EC) mechanisms are undefined. In a new approach, we exposed isolated blood-perfused rat lungs to high tidal volume ventilation (HV) for 2 h, then obtained fresh lung endothelial cells (FLEC) by immunosorting at 4 degrees C. Immunoblotting experiments indicated that as compared with FLEC derived from lungs ventilated at low volume (LV), HV markedly enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation (TyrP). The tyrosine kinase blocker, genistein, inhibited this response. HV also induced focal adhesion (FA) formation in FLEC, as detected by immunofluorescent aggregates of the alpha(v)beta(3) integrin that co-localized with aggregations of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Immunoprecipitation and blotting experiments revealed that HV increased TyrP of the FA protein, paxillin. In addition, HV induced a paxillin-associated P-selectin expression on FLEC that was also inhibited by genistein. However, HV did not increase lung water. These results indicate that in HV, EC signaling in situ causes FA formation and induces TyrP-dependent P-selectin expression. These signaling mechanisms may promote leukocyte-mediated responses in HV.
Peptidsynthesen mit 3′‐Iod‐L‐tyrosin, II Synthese von Peptiden mit 3′‐Iod‐L‐tyrosin ohne Blockierung der Phenolfunktion (1981)

Abstract 3′‐Iod‐L‐tyrosin (Ity 3) ) kann ohne Schutz der phenolischen Hydroxygruppe in konventionellen Peptidsynthesen Verwendung finden, wie am Beispiel der Synthesen einiger Modellpeptide mit Glycin gezeigt wird.
Effect of Plasma Treatment on the Gas Permeability of Poly(4‐methyl‐2‐pentyne) Membranes (2007)

Abstract The surface of a poly(4‐methyl‐2‐pentyne) membrane was modified by plasma treatment using CCl 4 ; the permeabilities of O 2 , N 2 , H 2 , CH 4 and CO 2 were measured before and after the plasma treatment, and the selectivities of O 2 /N 2 , H 2 /N 2 , CO 2 /N 2 , CO 2 /CH 4 and H 2 /CH 4 were calculated. The selectivities were found to be remarkably improved after plasma treatment while gas permeabilities decreased. The effect of the plasma conditions such as the treatment time and discharge power on the permeabilities of the membranes was investigated in detail. The surface of modified membranes was analyzed by XPS, and the contact angles of water on the membranes were measured by a contact‐angle goniometer. magnified image
To Build a House (1988)

Gazing at May's blossoms, imagining bounty of Mclntosh, I praise old lilacs rising in woods beside cellarholes; I praise toads. I predict the telephone call that reports the friend from childhood cold on a staircase. I praise children, grandchildren, and just-baked bread. I praise fried Spam and onions on slices of Wonder Bread; I praise your skin. I predict the next twenty years, days of mourning, long walks growing slow and painful. I reject twenty years of mid-life; I reject rejections. The one day stands unmoving in sun and shadow.
A jitter suppression technique for a 2.48832-Gb/s clock and data recovery circuit (2002)

This paper describes a jitter suppression technique for a 2.48832-Gb/s clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit that uses a phase-locked loop (PLL). This technique decreases the jitter generation and improves the jitter transfer function. Jitter generation is suppressed by boosting the loop gain in the PLL. A suitable jitter transfer function and jitter tolerance is achieved by using a low-center-frequency (f/sub c/) surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter. The fabricated circuit has low jitter generation [about 2.4 mUI rms (below 1 ps rms)] and a low cutoff frequency of the jitter transfer function (about 500 kHz) as a result of using a SAW filter with a f/sub c/ of 622.08 MHz. The jitter generations are within 5 mUI rms (2 ps rms) for the temperature range of 0 to 90/spl deg/. The circuit exceeds the jitter tolerance specifications in the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) recommendation G.958 by more than 30%.
Identification of an Inducible Regulator of c- <i>myb</i> Expression during T-Cell Activation (1996)

Resting T cells express very low levels of c-Myb protein. During T-cell activation, c-myb expression is induced and much of the increase in expression occurs at the transcriptional level. We identified a region of the c-myb 5' flanking sequence that increased c-myb expression during T-cell activation. In vivo footprinting by ligation-mediated PCR was performed to correlate in vivo protein binding with functional activity. A protein footprint was visible over this region of the c-myb 5' flanking sequence in activated T cells but not in unactivated T cells. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) with nuclear extract from activated T cells and an oligonucleotide of this binding site demonstrated a new protein-DNA complex, referred to as CMAT for c-myb in activated T cells; this complex was not present in unactivated T cells. Because the binding site showed some sequence similarity with the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) binding site, we compared the kinetics of induction of the two binding complexes and the molecular masses of the two proteins. Studies of the kinetics of induction showed that the NFAT EMSA binding complex appeared earlier than the CMAT complex. The NFAT protein migrated more slowly in a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel than the CMAT protein did. In addition, an antibody against NFAT did not cross-react with the CMAT protein. The appearance of the CMAT binding complex was inhibited by both cyclosporin A and rapamycin. The CMAT protein appears to be a novel inducible protein involved in the regulation of c-myb expression during T-cell activation.