gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards Automated Infographic Design: Deep Learning-based Auto-Extraction of Extensible Timeline (2019)

Designers need to consider not only perceptual effectiveness but also visual styles when creating an infographic. This process can be difficult and time consuming for professional designers, not to mention non-expert users, leading to the demand for automated infographics design. As a first step, we focus on timeline infographics, which have been widely used for centuries. We contribute an end-to-end approach that automatically extracts an extensible timeline template from a bitmap image. Our approach adopts a deconstruction and reconstruction paradigm. At the deconstruction stage, we propose a multi-task deep neural network that simultaneously parses two kinds of information from a bitmap timeline: 1) the global information, i.e., the representation, scale, layout, and orientation of the timeline, and 2) the local information, i.e., the location, category, and pixels of each visual element on the timeline. At the reconstruction stage, we propose a pipeline with three techniques, i.e., Non-Maximum Merging, Redundancy Recover, and DL GrabCut, to extract an extensible template from the infographic, by utilizing the deconstruction results. To evaluate the effectiveness of our approach, we synthesize a timeline dataset (4296 images) and collect a real-world timeline dataset (393 images) from the Internet. We first report quantitative evaluation results of our approach over the two datasets. Then, we present examples of automatically extracted templates and timelines automatically generated based on these templates to qualitatively demonstrate the performance. The results confirm that our approach can effectively extract extensible templates from real-world timeline infographics.
Active immunization of human cancer with tumor cell-associated carbohydrate antigen. (1989)

The peanut agglutinin (PNA) receptors isolated from a tumor cell line could elicit antitumor activity by an active immunization. We report here the results of active immunization with a human PNA receptor glycoprotein on the tumor progression of cancer patients. A remarkable regression of cancer and a prolonged life span in patients were obtained after active immunization with a tumor cell-associated carbohydrate antigen.
Acted vs. natural frustration and delight: Many people smile in natural frustration (2011)

This work is part of research to build a system to combine facial and prosodic information to recognize commonly occurring user states such as delight and frustration. We create two experimental situations to elicit two emotional states: the first involves recalling situations while expressing either delight or frustration; the second experiment tries to elicit these states directly through a frustrating experience and through a delightful video. We find two significant differences in the nature of the acted vs. natural occurrences of expressions. First, the acted ones are much easier for the computer to recognize. Second, in 90% of the acted cases, participants did not smile when frustrated, whereas in 90% of the natural cases, participants smiled during the frustrating interaction, despite self-reporting significant frustration with the experience. This paper begins to explore the differences in the patterns of smiling that are seen under natural frustration and delight conditions, to see if there might be something measurably different about the smiles in these two cases, which could ultimately improve the performance of classifiers applied to natural expressions.
The amygdala: Different pains, different mechanisms (2006)

Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555–1069, USA *Tel.: +1 409 772 2123; fax: +1 409 762 9382. E-mail: [email protected] Submitted and accepted October 5, 2006.
Guidelines for Sentinel Node Biopsy and Lymphatic Mapping of Patients With Breast Cancer (1998)

This study demonstrates that accurate SLN identification was obtained when all blue and hot lymph nodes were harvested as SLNs. Therefore, lymphatic mapping and SLN biopsy is most effective when a combination of vital blue dye and radiolabeled sulfur colloid is used. Furthermore, these data demonstrate that patients with ductal carcinoma in situ or small tumors exhibit a low but significant incidence of metastatic disease to the axillary lymph nodes and may benefit most from selective lymphadenectomy, avoiding the unnecessary complications of a complete axillary lymph node dissection.
Antioxidant Activity of Extracts from Apple, Chokeberry and Strawberry. (2012)

Numerous studies have shown that the effectiveness of the antioxidant and therapeutic action of polyphenolic substances found in extracts depends both on the quantity and quality of the polyphenols. An effective protection of biological membranes against oxidation may depend on the binding between polyphenols and membranes. Owing to their amphiphilic character, polyphenols are expected to interact mainly with the lipid phase of the biological membrane [
Epidemiology and Outcomes of Clostridium difficile Infections in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients (2012)

Background. Clostridium difficile is the leading cause of infectious diarrhea among hospitalized patients and is a major concern for patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Risk factors and the natural history of C. difficile infection (CDI) are poorly understood in this population. Methods. We performed a retrospective nested case-control study to describe the epidemiology, timing, and risk factors for CDI among adult patients who received HSCTs at our center from January 2003 through December 2008. Results. The overall 1-year incidence of CDI was 9.2% among HSCTs performed (n = 999). The median time to diagnosis of CDI was short among both autologous and allogeneic HSCT recipients (6.5 days and 33 days, respectively). Risk factors for CDI in allogeneic HSCT recipients included receipt of chemotherapy prior to conditioning for HSCT, broad-spectrum antimicrobial use, and acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD; adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 4.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.54-12.84; P = .006). There was a strong relationship between early CDI and subsequent development of gastrointestinal tract GVHD in the year following allogeneic HSCT (P < .001). Gastrointestinal GVHD was also strongly associated with an increased risk for recurrent CDI (AOR, 4.23 [95% CI, 1.20-14.86]; P = .02). Conclusions. These results highlight the high incidence and early timing of CDI after HSCT. Early timing, coupled with the noted risk of pretransplant chemotherapy, suggests that the natural history of disease in some patients may involve colonization prior to HSCT. A potentially important interplay between CDI and GVHD involving the gastrointestinal tract was observed.
AN ENGLISH MUSICIAN AT THE COURT OF CHARLES VI IN VIENNA (1942)

Journal Article AN ENGLISH MUSICIAN AT THE COURT OF CHARLES VI IN VIENNA Get access PAUL NETTL PAUL NETTL Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Musical Quarterly, Volume XXVIII, Issue 3, July 1942, Pages 318–328, https://doi.org/10.1093/mq/XXVIII.3.318 Published: 01 July 1942
Chemical transformations of diazoles in the reactions of carboxylation, N-siloxycarbonylation, and transsilylation (2013)

The behavior of 3,5-dimethylpyrazole, 3(5)-methylpyrazole, imidazole and their trimethyl-silyl derivatives in carboxylation, N-siloxycarbonylation, and transsilylation reactions was studied. A new Nsiloxycarbonylation reagent, diazole trimethylsilyl derivative-carbon dioxide, was found. This reagent makes it possible to obtain easily O-silylurethanes starting from primary, secondary amines and hydrazine derivatives, as well as to develop a convenient one pot synthesis method for trimethylsiloxycarbonyldiazoles.
Pantothenic Acid and It's Derivatives (1953)

A new and improved method is described for synthesis of cystamine hydrochloride. β-Bromoethylamine hydrobromide [II]. was treated with equimolecular amount of thiourea in ethanol to give β-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide [III] quantitatively. The bromide was subjected to alkaline hydrolysis, the reaction mixture was neutralized with sulfuric acid, oxidised with iodine, and the cystamine hydroiodide was converted to hydrochloride thus cystamine hydrochloride was obtained as white crystals. Overall yield was more than 60 per cent from monoethanolamine [I].
(Imidazolylphenyl)pyrrol-2-one inhibitors of cardiac cAMP phosphodiesterase (1993)

Seven 3-alkyl-4-aryl-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ones were prepared as potential inhibitors of cardiac cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE). The design of these compounds made use of rolipram, a known inhibitor of the brain cAMP PDE isozyme, as a lead structure and was guided by a model which describes the features required for potent inhibition of the cardiac isozyme. Syntheses for the new compounds are described, together with the results of theoretical and crystallographic studies aimed toward ascertaining their three-dimensional structures. The activities of these compounds as inhibitors of the cardiac and brain cAMP PDE isozymes and their positive inotropic activity in ferret papillary muscle are also reported. Selected compounds were further examined in an in vivo hemodynamic model. One compound 1,5-dihydro-4-[4-(1H-imidazol-1- yl)phenyl]-3-methyl-2H-pyrrol-2-one, was identified as a potent and selective positive inotropic agent and inhibitor of cardiac cAMP PDE.
Polymorphism and patents (2020)

A brief introduction to patents is followed by a discussion of the two main issues of patents on (pharmaceutical) polymorphs from the scientific perspective: novelty and obviousness, with an emphasis on the latter. The issues, decisions, and ramifications of six landmark patent litigations involving solid forms are described. These involved the following drugs: cefadroxil, terazosin hydrochloride, ranitidine hydrochloride, paroxetine hydrochloride, armodafinil, and tapentadol hydrochloride. The chapter closes with a description of the litigation on the synthetic sweetener aspartame which involved an issue of habit (shape) rather than the form (crystal structure).
Oxidation of Alcohols to Carbonyl Compounds via Alkoxysulfonium Ylides: The<scp>M</scp>offatt,<scp>S</scp>wern, and Related Oxidations (1990)

Abstract The use of dimethyl sulfoxide as an oxidizing agent began with the discoveries by Kornblum and co‐workers that certain α‐bromo ketones were converted into glyoxals under mild conditions by treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide, and that primary tosylates such as n ‐octyl tosylate were converted into the corresponding aldehydes using dimethyl sulfoxide and sodium bicarbonate at 150° for 3 minutes. The initial step of the reactions involves a displacement by dimethyl sulfoxide giving an alkoxysulfonium ion and this species undergoes a 1,2 elimination assisted by base to give the carbonyl product A few years later it was discovered that alcohols were oxidized at room temperature to carbonyl compounds by dimethyl sulfoxide, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), and phosphoric acid. This reaction was immediately recognized as an effective and mild procedure for sensitive substrates, and the extensive studies by this group and the development of alternative variations elsewhere have been the subject of several earlier reviews. The course of the Moffatt procedure is summarized. The key intermediate in this process is the oxysulfonium ylide, which appears to be common to all of the variations of dimethyl sulfoxide oxidations, and which reacts intramolecularly to give the products. Other related procedures that were soon developed utilize dimethyl sulfoxide activated by acetic anhydride, phosphorus pentoxide, sulfur trioxide/pyridine complex, and chlorine. Reaction of alcohols with phosgene to give chloroformates which react with dimethyl sulfoxide to give alkoxysulfonium ions, followed by reaction with triethylamine, also effects oxidation. The reaction of the complexes of dimethyl sulfide and chlorine or N ‐chlorosuccinimide (NCS) with alcohols is proposed to give the same alkoxysulfonium complexes, which are efficiently converted into carbonyl products upon addition of triethylamine. Electrochemical activation of sulfides has also been successfully utilized. The activation of dimethyl sulfoxide is effected by many reagents, and these reactions as well as those involving activated sulfides evidently involve the alkoxysulfonium ion and the decisive oxidation step which occurs via the alkoxysulfonium ylide in all the reactions. Activation of dimethyl sulfoxide by oxalyl chloride, has become the most used of these oxidation procedures, but several of the other methods are also convenient and efficient.
Image artifacts in hybrid imaging systems with a cubic phase mask (2010)

We present the first analytical analysis of image artifacts in defocused hybrid imaging systems that employ a cubic phase-modulation function. We show that defocus artifacts have the form of image replications and are caused by a net phase modulation of the optical transfer function. Both numerical simulations and experimental images are presented that exhibit replication artifacts that are compatible with the analytical expressions.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Molybdenum and Tungsten Monoaryloxide Halide Alkylidene Complexes for <i>Z</i>-Selective Cross-Metathesis of Cyclooctene and <i>Z</i>-1,2-Dichloroethylene (2016)

Molybdenum complexes with the general formula Mo(NR)(CHR')(OR″)(Cl)(MeCN) (R = t-Bu or 1-adamantyl; OR″ = a 2,6-terphenoxide) recently have been found to be highly active catalysts for cross-metathesis reactions between Z-internal olefins and Z-1,2-dichloroethylene or Z-(CF<sub>3</sub>)CH═CH(CF<sub>3</sub>). In this paper we report methods of synthesizing new potential catalysts with the general formula M(NR)(CHR')(OR″)(Cl)(L) in which M = Mo or W, NR = N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl or NC<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>, and L is a phosphine, a pyridine, or a nitrile. We also test and compare all catalysts in the cross-metathesis of Z-1,2-dichloroethylene and cyclooctene. Our investigations indicate that tungsten complexes are inactive in the test reaction either because the donor is bound too strongly or because acetonitrile inserts into a W═C bond. The acetonitrile or pivalonitrile Mo(NR)(CHR')(OR″)(Cl)(L) complexes are found to be especially reactive because the 14e Mo(NR)(CHR')(OR″)Cl core is accessible through dissociation of the nitrile to a significant extent. Pivalonitrile can be removed (>95%) from Mo(NAr)(CHCMe<sub>2</sub>Ph)(OHMT)(Cl)(t-BuCN) (Ar = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl; OHMT = 2,6-dimesitylphenoxide) to give 14e Mo(NAr)(CHCMe<sub>2</sub>Ph)(OHMT)Cl in solution as a mixture of syn and anti (60:40 at 0.015 M) nitrile-free isomers, but these 14e complexes have not yet been isolated in pure form. The syn isomer of Mo(NAr)(CHCMe<sub>2</sub>Ph)(OHMT)Cl binds pivalonitrile most strongly. Other Mo(NR)(CHR')(OR″)(Cl)(L) complexes can be activated through addition of B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub>. High stereoselectivities (>98% Z,Z) of ClCH═CH(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>6</sub>CH═CHCl are not restricted to tert-butylimido or adamantylimido complexes; 96.2% Z selectivity is observed with boron-activated Mo(NC<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)(CHR')(OHIPT)(Cl)(PPhMe<sub>2</sub>). So far no Mo═CHCl complexes, which are required intermediates in the test reaction, have been observed in NMR studies at room temperature.
Adversarial Example Generation with Syntactically Controlled Paraphrase Networks (2018)

Mohit Iyyer, John Wieting, Kevin Gimpel, Luke Zettlemoyer. Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long Papers). 2018.
Signal transduction in c-met mediated motogenesis. (1993)

We have begun characterizing the signal transduction pathways used by the c-met receptor in cells in which ligand (HGF-SF) stimulates motogenesis in the absence of mitogenesis. Primary targets (within 10-15 minutes) were identified as PI-3 kinase, GAP, PLC gamma, src, and MAP kinase, substrates which are also activated upon growth factor activation of mitogenic receptor systems. Following HGF-SF treatment, the 85 kD subunit of PI-3 kinase is phosphorylated on tyrosine and PI-3 kinase activity rapidly associates with the c-met receptor. A number of these substrates are implicated in cytoskeletal rearrangements and may be important in the motogenic response to the factor. We have also identified a number of colon carcinoma lines which express unamplified levels of constitutively tyrosine phosphorylated c-met protein. In these and other (gastric) cell lines which express amplified levels of activated receptor protein, we have determined that receptor activation is not due to the autocrine production of ligand.
X-linked dominant Charcot — Marie — Tooth neuropathy: valine-38-methionine substitution of connexin32 (1994)

Journal Article X-linked dominant Charcot — Marie — Tooth neuropathy: valine-38-methionine substitution of connexin32 Get access Ulrike Orth, Ulrike Orth Institut für Humangenetik, Medizinische UniversitatRatzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nicholas Fairweather, Nicholas Fairweather 1ICRF Laboratories, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of OxfordOxford OX3 9DU, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mareike-Christine Exler, Mareike-Christine Exler Institut für Humangenetik, Medizinische UniversitatRatzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Eberhard Schwinger, Eberhard Schwinger Institut für Humangenetik, Medizinische UniversitatRatzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Andreas Gal Andreas Gal * *To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Molecular Genetics, Volume 3, Issue 9, September 1994, Pages 1699–1700, https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/3.9.1699 Published: 01 September 1994 Article history Received: 16 June 1994 Revision received: 30 June 1994 Accepted: 30 June 1994 Published: 01 September 1994
Use of Genotoxicity Information in the Development of Integrated Testing Strategies (ITS) for Skin Sensitization (2010)

Skin sensitization is an end point of concern for various legislation in the EU, including the seventh Amendment to the Cosmetics Directive and Registration Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH). Since animal testing is a last resort for REACH or banned (from 2013 onward) for the Cosmetics Directive, the use of intelligent/integrated testing strategies (ITS) as an efficient means of gathering necessary information from alternative sources (e.g., in vitro, (Q)SARs, etc.) is gaining widespread interest. Previous studies have explored correlations between mutagenicity data and skin sensitization data as a means of exploiting information from surrogate end points. The work here compares the underlying chemical mechanisms for mutagenicity and skin sensitization in an effort to evaluate the role mutagenicity information can play as a predictor of skin sensitization potential. The Tissue Metabolism Simulator (TIMES) hybrid expert system was used to compare chemical mechanisms of both end points since it houses a comprehensive set of established structure-activity relationships for both skin sensitization and mutagenicity. The evaluation demonstrated that there is a great deal of overlap between skin sensitization and mutagenicity structural alerts and their underlying chemical mechanisms. The similarities and differences in chemical mechanisms are discussed in light of available experimental data. A number of new alerts for mutagenicity were also postulated for inclusion into TIMES. The results presented show that mutagenicity information can provide useful insights on skin sensitization potential as part of an ITS and should be considered prior to any in vivo skin sensitization testing being initiated.
[Biologically active compounds of edible mushrooms and their beneficial impact on health]. (2004)

Edible mushrooms are valuable a source of biologically active compounds. Some are used in the prophylaxis and therapy of such diseases as cancer and cardiovascular disease. Their antitumor mechanism is complex. The biologically active substances in mushrooms decrease DNA damage, reduce carcinogen concentrations and their activation, inhibit the growth of cancer cells by scavenging free radicals, stimulate the immune system, and induce tumor cell apoptosis. The stimulation of the immune system by the biologically active compounds in edible mushrooms protects against cold, flu, infections, well as AIDS by inhibition of viral replication. Mushrooms contain effective substances which decrease the LDL fraction of cholesterol in blood. They also prevent the accumulation of serum triaclyglycerols, thus decreasing the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The therapeutic properties of mushrooms result from the specific polysaccharides, such as beta-glucans and chitosans, that are present in the fructification of fungi.
Synthesis and properties of 2‐alkoxy‐N, N‐Dimethylethylamine N‐oxides (1985)

Abstract 2‐Alkoxy‐N,N‐dimethylethylamines (1) were prepared from the reaction of alkyl chlorides with 2‐dimethylaminoethanol in the presence of potassium hydroxide. Amine oxide surfactants 2 were prepared by oxidation of 1 with hydrogen peroxide. The surfactants 2 were good foam stabilizers and stable up to 100 C, but decomposed rapidly to vinyl ethers at 150 C.
Phylogenetic relationships of Pseudomonas putida strains deduced from the nucleotide sequences of gyrB, rpoD and 16S rRNA genes (1998)

Phylogenetic analysis of 20 Pseudomonas strains (Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas chlororaphis) was conducted by using the nucleotide sequences of the genes for 16S RNA, DNA gyrase B subunit (gyrB) and RNA polymerase delta 70 factor (rpoD), which have been determined by the direct sequencing of PCR-amplified fragments. On the basis of gyrB and rpoD sequences, these strains were split into two major clusters: one including the type strain of P. putida and all biovar A strains and the other including all P. putida biovar B strains, P. fluorescens stains and the P. chlororaphis strain. In the phylogenetic tree reconstructed from the 16S rRNA sequences included variable regions, P. Putida biovar A and B strains were not separated into two independent clusters, whereas in the phylogenetic tree reconstructed from the 16S rRNA sequences excluding the variable region sequences, these strains were separated into P. putida biovar A and biovar B clusters. The pairwise distances estimated from the variable regions of 16S rRNA correlated poorly with the synonymous distances estimated from the gyrB and rpoD genes. On the other hand, a highly significant correlation was observed between the pairwise distances estimated from the non-variable regions of 16S rRNA and the synonymous distances from gyrB and rpoD genes. Consequently, only the 16S rRNA sequences in the non-variable regions should be used for the phylogenetic analysis. The gyrB and rpoD analyses showed the necessity for the reclassification of P. putida biovar B strains.