gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influenza virus neuraminidase activates latent transforming growth factor beta (1996)

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is a family of proteins secreted by virtually all cells in a biologically inactive form. TGF-beta levels increase during many pathophysiological situations, including viral infection. The mechanism for increased TGF-beta activity during viral infection is not understood. We observed an increase in active TGF-beta levels within 1 day in mice infected with influenza virus. Further studies showed that the neuraminidase glycoprotein of influenza A and B viruses directly activates latent TGF-beta in vitro. There are sufficient levels of TGF-beta activated by virus to induce apoptosis in cells. In addition, influenza virus-induced apoptosis is partially inhibited by TGF-beta-specific antibodies. These novel findings suggest a potential role for activation of TGF-beta during the host response to influenza virus infection, specifically apoptosis. This is the first report showing direct activation of latent TGF-beta by a viral protein.
NUCLIDES 2000: an electronic chart of the nuclides (2000)

Radionuclides have many applications in agriculture, medicine, industry and research. For basic information on such radioactive materials, the Chart of the Nuclides has proved to be an indispensable tool for obtaining data on radionuclides and working out qualitatively decay schemes and reaction paths. These Charts are, however, of limited use when one requires quantitative information on the decaying nuclide and its daughters. This was the motivation for the development of the NUCLIDES 2000 software package. The radioactive decay data used in NUCLIDES 2000 is based on the Joint Evaluated File (Jeff) version 2.2. The present version of the program contains decay data on approximately 2700 radionuclides. (authors)
Three-Dimensional Coherent Optical Waves Localized on Trochoidal Parametric Surfaces (2008)

We theoretically demonstrate that the three-dimensional (3D) coherent laser waves formed by the degenerate Laguerre-Gaussian modes with different longitudinal indices are well localized on rotating trochoidal parametric surfaces. We further use a large-Fresnel-number laser system to realize the existence of the laser modes related to trochoidal coherent states. Experimental results reveal that the exotic laser modes generally originate from a superposition of two degenerate standing-wave trochoidal coherent states.
Presentation of an efficient design methodology for FPGA implementation of control systems. Application to the design of an antiwindup PI controller (2003)

This paper presents an efficient design methodology to develop IP-core functions in VHDL for control systems. This methodology is able to cope with different optimization constraints such as the reduction of both the development time and the execution time and the minimization of the consumed resources of the chip. Our approach uses the AAA methodology (algorithm architecture adequation), which allows to rapidly develop and optimize the implantation of the DFG (data flow graph) of an algorithm. In order to illustrate the efficiency of this methodology, the authors present the implantation of an antiwindup PI controller on a single field programmable gate array (FPGA) applied to the control of a DC/DC converter.
A tool for efficient protocol validation and testing (2002)

Reliable protocols require early-stage validation and testing. Due to the state explosion problem, in validation methods such as model checking (Atlee and Gannon, 1993), it may not be possible to test all the system states. We apply our state-of-the-art algorithm to compute the most critical states and branches to be tested. We prioritize this information to guide the validation of the protocol. We implemented this technology in a tool that visualizes the specifications of protocols with their testing priorities. Such a tool can also be used to identify the location of faults in the protocol when some tests failed. It provides information such as where in the protocol is most likely to have bugs. This paper considers the case when the specification of the protocol is given in Specification and Description Language (SDL, an ITU standard). Our technology is based on both the control flow and the data flow of the specifications. It first generates a control flow diagram from the specification and then automatically analyses the coverage features of the diagram. It collects the corresponding flow data during the simulation time for mapping to the control flow diagram. The coverage information for the original specification is then obtained from the coverage information of the flow diagram.
Immunodiagnosis of invasive fungal infections (1994)

(1994). Immunodiagnosis of invasive fungal infections. Journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology: Vol. 32, No. sup1, pp. 239-252.
[Effects of huperzine A on electroencephalography power spectrum in rabbits]. (1989)

Huperzine A (Hup-A) is a new alkaloid extracted from Huperzia serata in China. The effects of Hup-A on learning and memory are superior to those of physostigmine (Phys). The purpose of this paper is to observe the effects of Hup-A on EEG and EEG power spectrum in rabbits with micro-computer analysis. Hup-A 0.1 mg/kg iv in conscious rabbits produced, after 0.5 min, an alert EEG pattern, which showed decreases of lower frequency components and the total EEG power in cortical area, and the dominant frequency transferred from delta rhythm to theta rhythm in hippocampus. The same effects were seen with Phys 0.1 mg/kg. Scopolamine (Scop, 0.2 mg/kg iv) reversed significantly these effects of Hup-A (10 micrograms/rabbit, icv), but Scop butylbromide (0.4 mg/kg, iv) which can not pass the blood-brain barrier did not. Hup-A 0.2 mg/kg iv or Phys 0.3 mg/kg iv antagonized the EEG effects of Scop 0.3 mg/kg iv. The results indicate that the effects of Hup-A are closely related to the action on the central cholinergic system.
Atomic layer by atomic layer growth of DyBaCuO superconducting thin films by molecular beam epitaxy (1990)

Superconducting thin films of DyBaCuO have been achieved by molecular beam epitaxy. The films are strongly oriented with the c axis perpendicular to the substrate, and currently reach R=0 between 70 and 80 K. Critical temperatures (R=0) up to 50 K were obtained on 150-Å-thick films deposited atomic layer by atomic layer. These films present a flat surface as observed by high-energy electron diffraction. We show that in this process, a nominal 1:2:3 composition is not sufficient for the obtention of flat superconducting film. A good accuracy in the number of atoms deposited for each atomic layer is required.
Effect of <i>Anoectochilus formosanus</i> on fibrosis and regeneration of the liver in rats (2004)

1. The present study examined the effects of an aqueous extract of Anoectochilus formosanus (AFE) on both hepatic fibrosis and regeneration in rats. 2. Fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) for 3 consecutive days per week for 4 weeks. 3. In DMN-treated rats, liver cirrhosis-associated complications, such as liver atrophy, low concentrations of serum albumin and the accumulation of hepatic collagen, were observed. The AFE protected the liver against DMN-induced fibrosis, as determined by morphological and biochemical observations. 4. In addition, AFE was administered to two-thirds hepatectomized normal and DMN-injured rats. Three and 5 days after hepatectomy, AFE increased the extent of liver weight regeneration and the number of S-phase cells in DMN-injured rats, but not in normal rats. 5. These results show that AFE seems to be useful in the repair of liver injury, improvement of fibrotic changes and promotion of liver regeneration.
Mechanisms of Reaction of Reactive Dyes with Cellulosic and other Fibres (1964)

The basic principles and never developments in the reactions of reactive dyes with cellulosic fibres are discussed and reviewed. It is shown that the proposed reactive systems may be classified in a straight‐forward manner according to their reaction mechanisms. They can be divided into two classes, nucleophilic substitution reactions and nucleophilic addition reactions, respectively. The most important systems belonging to the first class are based on halogen‐containing nitrogen heterocycles, whereas dyes with activated double bonds, either free or masked, are of importance in the second. Apart from their intrinsic reactivity, reactive groups may also influence the substantivity of the chromophoric system. Application of bifunctional reactive compounds leads to cross‐linking of the fibres and this links dyeing with the field of chemical finishing.
A Study on the Development of the Assessment Category and Items for University Facility Management (2008)

For university facility and space management to be public, and to increase the administrational efficiency, this research suggests an efficient as well as an objective evaluation system/index to allow national and university finances to contribute towards higher education. According to the result of this study, evaluation system for university facility can be widely divided into two categories; quality and space management. First, quality management is subdivided into three groups in order for quantitative management, school site and building area, secured building, and financial affairs and expense management. In order for an effective and appropriate space management, the second category of space management proposes seven subdivisions. Based on these subdivisions, quality management on university facility contains 10 evaluation items with marking system which allows perfect score of 50 points. The space management category contains 19 evaluation items and the marking system allows perfect score of 100 points. Therefore, this study developed total of 29 evaluation items for university facility management with marking system that allows perfect score of 150 points. The suggested evaluation system and items will be used as a valuable foundation for efficient and objective university facility management.
317. Organometallic and organometalloidal fluorine compounds. Part VII. Trifluoromethyl compounds of phosphorus (1953)

F. W. Bennett, H. J. Emeléus and R. N. Haszeldine, J. Chem. Soc., 1953, 1565 DOI: 10.1039/JR9530001565
Synthesis, characterization and anticorrosion property of olive leaves extract-titanium nanoparticles composite (2018)

Ethanolic extracts of olive leaves (OLE) in the presence of TiCl4 solution was used to form OLE – Ti nanoparticles composite (OLE-Nano). The particle size of Ti nanoparticles in the composite was determined using particle sizer and the nanoparticles were characterized using UV–vis, FTIR, SEM/EDAX and XRD techniques. Results show that the particles were around 70–74 nm in size and show maximum absorption around 420 nm. Prominent FTIR peaks correspond to C=C, N–H, O–H and C=O functionalities. XRD spectrum shows four distinctive diffraction peaks at 27.42°, 36.07°, 41.23°, and 54.30° corresponding to lattice plane value indexed at (101), (104), (200) and (211) planes of face centered cubic (FCC). The anticorrosion property of the OLE-Nano for mild steel in 1 M HCl at 30–60 °C was assessed using weight loss and electrochemical techniques complemented by surface analysis of the corroded steel specimen in the absence and presence of OLE – Nano with SEM and AFM. Results obtained show that OLE inhibited the acid corrosion of mild steel and the inhibition performance was enhanced in the presence of Ti nanoparticles. The corrosion inhibition effect was found to be concentration and temperature dependent. The inhibition efficiency of the OLE and OLE-Nano were 83.5 and 94.3% respectively at 30 °C but decreased to 51.7 and 85.4% at 60 °C respectively. The OLE-Nano adsorbed on mild steel surface by physical adsorption mechanism as predicted by Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Potentiodynamic polarization results show that OLE-Nano behaves as mixed type inhibitor.
How hard is 3-view triangulation really? (2005)

We present a solution for optimal triangulation in three views. The solution is guaranteed to find the optimal solution because it computes all the stationary points of the (maximum likelihood) objective function. Internally, the solution is found by computing roots of multivariate polynomial equations, directly solving the conditions for stationarity. The solver makes use of standard methods from computational commutative algebra to convert the root-finding problem into a 47 /spl times/ 47 nonsymmetric eigenproblem. Although there are in general 47 roots, counting both real and complex ones, the number of real roots is usually much smaller. We also show experimentally that the number of stationary points that are local minima and lie in front of each camera is small but does depend on the scene geometry.
POLYMERIZATION AND POLYCONDENSATION PROCESSES (1962)

Equations, which are also applicable to suspension, solution, and bulk polymerization, form an extension of the Smith-Ewart rate theory. They contain an auxiliary parameter which is determined by the rate of initiation, rate constant of termination, and volume of the particles. The influence of each variable on the kinetics of emulsion polymerization is illustrated. Two other variables are the number of particles formed and monomer concentration in the particles. Modifications of the treatment of emulsion polymerization are required by oil solubility of the initiator, water solubility of the monomer, and insolubility of the polymer in the monomer.
The Larva of Neurocordulia xanthosoma (Odonata: Corduliidae) (1976)

The larva of Neurocordulia xanthosoma (Williamson) is most similar to the larvae of Neurocordulia obsoleta (Say) and Neurocordulia virginiensis Davis. The most prominent differences from both of these other species are the larger size, 7 or more palpal setae, lower dorsal abdominal hooks, and a more elongate abdomen. The larvae of N. xanthosoma live in the crevices of logs in slow streams and lakes and crawl 0.1 to 4.0 m above the water line on any available support to emerge as adults just before dawn. N. obsoleta is deleted from the Oklahoma fauna.
Electrodeposition of Ruthenium (1961)

SYNOPSISExploratory plating tests have been carried out on a number of aqueous electrolytes based on simple ruthenium salts and nitrosyl derivatives. The nitrosyl sulphamate electrolyte emerges as the most immediately useful solution, furnishing smooth, bright deposits of ruthenium up to 0·0002 in thick over a fairly wide range of operating conditions. Cathode efficiency is always low and under preferred operating conditions is in the range of 10–20%. Deposits show internal tensile stresses in the order of 20–30 tons/in2 and fine cracks may be present at thicknesses greater than 0·0001 in. Cracking is reduced by addition of aluminium sulphate to the electrolyte. The simple sulphamate solution and an electrolyte based on reaction of sodium tetranitro-nitrosyl-ruthenate with sulphamic acid give slightly better performance than the nitrosyl-sulphamate solution when freshly prepared, but are considerably less stable in operation.
A summary of resonant snubber circuits for transistors and GTOs (2003)

Various resonant circuits are reviewed and compared in order to unify the different design methods that are available for low-loss snubbers. Two passive resonant snubbers are described in detail, with some design guidelines for selecting all the snubber components. This is supplemented by experimental results obtained when utilizing these two snubbers to protect a power Darlington transistor module.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bistable twisted nematic liquid crystals display with permanent grayscales and fast switching (2001)

Permanent grayscales in a π bistable twisted nematic liquid crystal display have been demonstrated. This display can be switched between –22.5° and 157.5° twist states by means of a combination of strong in-plane electric fields and vertical electric field for creating both the planar anchoring breaking and an electro-hydrodynamic flow. The switching of the twist states during the Frederiks transition is sufficiently inhomogeneous such that domains of –22.5° twisted and 157.5° twisted states are formed. The ratio of these domains can be controlled by the vertical electric field. Fast switching of 1 ms was achieved for gray scales. These grayscales have very long lifetime.
10.1016/0967-0653(95)92025-0 (2000)

Zooplankton samples were analysed for faunal composition, organic carbon, protein, carbohydrate and lipid content. Total zooplankton biomass (as displacement volume) varied from 0.032 to 0.500 ml.m -3 (x=0.23±0.14) in upper 200 m with significant differences between the Antarctic and the sub-Antarctic waters. Calanoid copepods were numerically the predominant group comprising ≥80% of total counts, whereas, euphausiid Euphausia superba was abundant in samples collected south of lat. 55°S. Organic carbon concentrations ranged from 0.83 to 13.04 mgC.m -3 (x=5.91±3.59). Lipid was the principal biochemical component, varying between 11.08 to 27.65% (x=21.04±4.39). Protein content showed large variations and ranged between 8.02 and 29.9% (x=19.57±6.25). Values for carbohydrate content varied from 11.01 to 27.65% (x=19.62±4.80). Higher accumulation of lipids in Antarctic zooplankton during phytoplankton blooms (austral summer) could be an adaptative phenomenon, and may function as metabolic reserve and insulation layer.
Brain Lesions in an Infant Rhesus Monkey Treated with Monosodium Glutamate (1969)

In an infant rhesus monkey brain damage resulted from subcutaneously administered monosodium glutamate. Although a relatively high dose of monosodium glutamate was used, the infant was asymptomatic for a 3-hour observation period during which time hypothalamic neurons were undergoing a process of acute cell death. With the electron microscope it was observed that dendrites and cell bodies of neurons are the tissue components primarily affected in brain damage induced by monosodium glutamate.
Cyclic changes in phospholipid content and composition in human endometrium during the menstrual cycle (1985)

A significant increase in total phospholipid content of the endometrium took place during the secretory phase of the human menstrual cycle (26% increase from mid-proliferative to premenstrual stage). The major phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine, was increased by 30%, whereas phosphatidylethanolamine was unchanged. Phosphatidyl-serine and -inositol underwent the largest percentage increases (40%). Phosphatidic acid levels were the only ones to decrease (-52%), a finding consistent with the role of this lipid as precursor of the increased phospholipids. The changes did not markedly affect phospholipid composition, except for a significant decrease in the proportions of phosphatidate and phosphatidylethanolamine. Arachidonate and eicosatrienoate (n-6) were the major polyunsaturated fatty acids. C22 tetra-, penta- and hexa-enoic fatty acids of the n-3 and n-4 families were also present in all major endometrial glycerophospholipids throughout the cycle. The mass changes in phospholipids during the cycle occurred without alteration of their fatty acid composition.
Low loss filters using group-type SPUDT transducers (2002)

The group-type SPUDT (single-phase unidirectional transducer) offers low loss and good triple-transit suppression in a single-metallization device, with considerable flexibility in the designs of transducers and gratings. It is shown that many center-frequency properties of a weighted SPUDT, including directivity and conversion loss, are given by simple expressions dependent only on the grating properties. A reflective array model is used to analyze transducers and gratings, with the results cascaded to give the SPUDT performance. Results are shown for a withdrawal-weighted SPUDT design with a conversion loss of 0.24 dB and 22-dB stopband rejection. It is concluded that electrode interactions are tolerable, allowing high-frequency (1 GHz) operation, and that bandwidths up to 5% should be feasible.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Medium‐Chain Triglycerides Increase Energy Expenditure and Decrease Adiposity in Overweight Men (2003)

Consumption of a diet rich in MCTs results in greater loss of AT compared with LCTs, perhaps due to increased energy expenditure and fat oxidation observed with MCT intake. Thus, MCTs may be considered as agents that aid in the prevention of obesity or potentially stimulate weight loss.
A 77GHz transceiver in 90nm CMOS (2009)

CMOS technology is being advanced rapidly and applications are now expanding into the millimeter-wave regime on a global basis. 60 GHz wireless systems in CMOS have already been reported. In addition, 77 GHz automotive radar is becoming the target for CMOS technology. This paper describes what is believed to be the first transceiver chip for 77 GHz radar in standard 90 nm CMOS.
The electrical reproduction of images by the photoconductive effect (1938)

It was recognized in the early days of television that a modified form of cathode-ray oscillograph might be used as a transmitting device, the electron beam serving as a means for exploring rapidly the image to be transmitted. A. A. Campbell Swinton(1) was amongst those who foresaw this future use of the cathode-ray tube and he attempted, though unsuccessfully, to produce a transmitting tube by replacing the fluorescent screen by a layer of light-sensitive selenium(2). Several variations have been suggested in patents(3) but no successful television transmitter using the photoconductive effect has appeared. The present paper describes some investigations into this method of producing picture signals, in which a number of light-sensitive materials were examined.* During its preparation two accounts have appeared in which the same method of signal-production has been investigated and results of a similar nature have been observed(4, 5).
Characterisation of a cysteine protease from bloodstream forms of <i>Trypanosoma congolense</i> (1992)

A cysteine protease (trypanopain-Tc) with cathepsin-L-like properties has been purified from Trypanosoma congolense. The enzyme has an apparent molecular mass of 31-32 kDa by SDS/PAGE and 66 kDa by gel chromatography. It has a pI 7.4 and a high affinity for concanavalin A. Trypanopain-Tc catalyses the limited proteolysis of a variety of protein substrates such as fibrinogen, serum albumin and trypanosome variant-surface glycoprotein. It has minimal or no activity against casein or elastin. A variety of peptidyl amidomethylcoumarins and peptidyl diazomethanes were used to test the specificity of trypanopain-Tc. The better substrates had Arg or Lys in P1 and hydrophobic amino acids in P2 and P3. The best substrate found for trypanopain-Tc was Z-Phe-Arg-NHMec (Z, benzyloxycarbonyl; NHMec, 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin). The kinetic constants for the hydrolysis of Z-Phe-Arg-NHMec were kcat = 17.4 s-1, Km = 4.4 microM, kcat/Km = 4.0 microM-1.s-1, which are very similar to those of cathepsin L with this substrate. The specific substrates for cathepsin B (Z-Arg-Arg-NHMec) and cathepsin H (Arg-NHMec) were not hydrolysed by trypanopain-Tc under the conditions tested. The pH optimum of trypanopain-Tc against Z-Phe-Arg-NHMec was pH 6.0 but it showed a broad peak of activity extending well into the alkaline region. The enzyme was activated by low-molecular-mass thiol compounds and inhibited by cystatin, L-trans-epoxysuccinyl-4-guanidinobutane (E-64) and a variety of peptidyl diazomethanes. The most effective diazomethane inhibitors (Z-Leu-Leu-Met-CHN2, Z-Leu-Met-CHN2 and Z-Leu-Lys-CHN2, were inhibitory at nanomolar concentrations and were trypanocidal in vitro after 24-48 h incubation in greater than or equal to 20 microM [inhibitor]. However, it is not clear whether the trypanocidal activity of these inhibitors is a consequence of the inhibition of trypanopains or of some other essential proteolytic activities within the parasites.