gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Urodynamic Study and Potassium Sensitivity Test for Women with Frequency-Urgency Syndrome and Interstitial Cystitis (2003)

This study shows that no specific urodynamic parameter or specific symptoms can predict a positive KCl test in patients with frequency-urgency syndrome or IC. Patients with bladder pain at full bladder and a positive KCl test had only a 45.2% chance to have characteristic IC.
Identification of the parasite transferrin receptor of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes and its acylation via 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol. (1986)

The transferrin receptor of schizont-infected erythrocytes of Plasmodium falciparum (Gambian clone FCR-3/A2) is a parasite-encoded protein of Mr 102,000, which is present in purified erythrocyte membranes. Polyclonal antiserum to the purified Mr 102,000 protein was raised in rabbits. At physiological pH, immunoaffinity-purified protein bound human ferrotransferrin but not apotransferrin. Conversely, antibody to human transferrin was used to purify the ferrotransferrin-receptor complex from infected cells. The isolated receptor was specifically recognized by the polyclonal rabbit antiserum raised against the Mr 102,000 protein. Preliminary analysis indicated that, unlike the human receptor, the plasmodial transferrin receptor is not a disulfide linked dimer but a single polypeptide acylated via 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol.
[Simultaneous diffusion of inositol and mannitol in the rat brain]. (1982)

The diffusion of both inositol and mannitol has been determined simultaneously by the integral bolus method in rat brain. The permeability constant (Kin) of inositol averaged 0.27 +/- 0.02 ml X (100 g)-1 X min-1 or 4 X 10(-7) cm X s-1 at a cerebral capillary surface area of 100 cm2 x g-1. The permeability of mannitol was 0.08 +/- 0.01 ml X (100 g)-1. min-1 or 1 X 10(-7) cm X s-1. Neither glucose nor galactose affected the inositol permeability. Hypoglycemia increased somewhat the Km value for mannitol. The basal ganglia showed an increase Km for both substrates as compared with those obtained for cortex, temporal and parietal tissues.
CMOS/SOS automated universal array (1981)

The CMOS/SOS automated universal array (AUA) is a new, minimum-cost approach for generating custom LSI devices. This is achieved by implementing a compatible automatic placement and routing program which automatically generates a single, customized interconnect metal level that defines the desired logical function. The AUA topological design is specifically configured to be compatible with automatic layout techniques, and as a result the AUA system can guarantee 100 percent connectivity with greater than 90 percent gate utilization for any random-logic application. The CMOS/SOS AUA is an equivalent 800-gate design consisting of a repetitive pattern of 640 basic internal cells and 62 basic peripheral cells for I/O functions, as well as a variety of special cells located in the periphery which meet the needs of most digital applications that may be encountered. Depending on the logic design complexity and computer used, an artwork tape depicting the metallized layout pattern can be generated within 24 h.
Furosemide and Human Head Injury (1981)

Intracranial pressure was maintained below 20 torr with the administration of intravenous furosemide (Lasix, Hoechst-Roussel) in addition to routine pharmacologic and mechanical procedures in 15 severely head-injured patients undergoing surgery for intracranial hematomas. Control of intracranial pressure in these patients was attributed to diuresis, carbonic anhydrase inhibition, decreased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production, and decreased central venous pressure. Furosemide may also improve cerebral microcirculation during continued administration at specific intervals by the inhibition of astroglial swelling.
The NIH-EPA Structure and Nomenclature Search System (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTThe NIH-EPA Structure and Nomenclature Search SystemG. W. A. Milne, S. R. Heller, A. E. Fein, E. F. Frees, R. G. Marquart, J. A. McGill, J. A. Miller, and D. S. SpiersCite this: J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1978, 18, 4, 181–186Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1978https://doi.org/10.1021/ci60016a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views33Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (699 KB) Get e-Alerts
Experimental demonstration of multiple pulse nonlinear optoacoustic signal generation and control (2005)

Generating underwater acoustic signals from a remote, aerial location by use of a high-energy pulsed infrared laser has been demonstrated. The laser beam is directed from the air and focused onto the water surface, where the optical energy was converted into a propagating acoustic wave. Sound pressure levels of 185 dB re microPa (decibel re microPa) were consistently recorded under freshwater laboratory conditions at laser-pulse repetition rates of up to 1000 pulses/s. The nonlinear optoacoustic transmission concept is outlined, and the experimental results from investigation of the time-domain and frequency-domain characteristics of the generated underwater sound are provided. A high repetition rate, high-energy per pulse laser was used in this test under freshwater laboratory conditions. A means of deterministically controlling the spectrum of the underwater acoustic signal was investigated and demonstrated by varying the laser-pulse repetition rate.
The Approximate Maximum-Likelihood Certificate (2013)

The confidence in the reliability of a codeword output by some (not necessarily optimal) decoding algorithm is discussed. A new property which relies on the linear programming (LP) decoder, the approximate maximum-likelihood certificate (AMLC), is introduced to address this issue as follows. First, the channel output vector is decoded by some symmetric decoder D, e.g., belief propagation or min-sum algorithm decoding. Second, the channel output vector is decoded by LP decoding. Third, if the decoding result of D is a codeword, its LP value is compared to the LP value of the LP decoding result (the latter need not be a codeword). If these two values are close, the AMLC holds. Using upper bounding techniques, we show that the conditional frame error probability given that the AMLC holds, is with some degree of confidence below a threshold. In channels with low noise, this threshold is orders of magnitude lower than the simulated frame error rate, and our bound holds with a very high degree of confidence. This is in stark contrast with standard Monte Carlo simulation, which would require excessively long runs to demonstrate like performance. When the AMLC holds, our approach thus provides the decoder with extra error detection capability, which is especially important in applications requiring high data integrity.
Xerogel‐Encapsulated W110A Secondary Alcohol Dehydrogenase from <i>Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus</i> Performs Asymmetric Reduction of Hydrophobic Ketones in Organic Solvents (2007)

To gel well: The asymmetric reduction of hydrophobic ketones by xerogel-immobilized W110A secondary alcohol dehydrogenase from Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus (TeSADH) in organic solvents affords their S-configured alcohols in yields comparable with those achieved by using the free enzyme, and, in some cases, with higher enantioselectivities. R=phenyl-ring-containing substituent.
Phosphorylation of Rabies Virus Nucleoprotein Regulates Viral RNA Transcription and Replication by Modulating Leader RNA Encapsidation (1999)

One of the major structural differences between rabies virus and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is that the nucleoprotein (N) is the major phosphoprotein and the nominal phosphoprotein (P) is less phosphorylated in rabies virus, whereas P is the major phosphoprotein and N is not phosphorylated in VSV. We investigated the function of phosphorylation of rabies virus N after dephosphorylation of N with alkaline phosphatase or after changing the phosphorylated serine at position 389 to alanine by site-directed mutagenesis. The unphosphorylated N, in comparison to the phosphorylated N, was studied for its abilities to encapsidate rabies virus leader RNA and to support transcription and replication of a rabies virus minigenome. We found that unphosphorylated N binds more strongly to leader RNA than the phosphorylated N; however, the rates of transcription and replication of the rabies virus minigenome were significantly lower with the unphosphorylated N than with the phosphorylated N. This indicates that the phosphorylation of rabies virus N plays an important role in the regulation of rabies virus transcription and replication, probably via modulation of leader RNA encapsidation.
Dual pathways for induction of <i>wingless</i> expression by protein kinase A and Hedgehog in<i>Drosophila</i> embryos (1997)

The secreted Drosophila Hedgehog (Hh) protein induces transcription of specific genes by an unknown mechanism that requires the serpentine transmembrane protein Smoothened (Smo) and the transcription factor Cubitus interruptus (Ci). Protein kinase A (PKA) has been implicated in the mechanism of Hh signal transduction because it acts to repress Hh target genes in imaginal disc cells that express Ci. Changes in Ci protein levels, detected by an antibody that recognizes an epitope in the carboxy-terminal half of Ci, have been suggested to mediate the positive effects of Hh and the negative effects of PKA on Hh target gene expression in imaginal discs. Here we show that PKA inhibition, like Hh, leads to increased "carboxy-terminal" Ci staining and Hh target gene expression in embryos. In addition, we find that Hh and Smo can stimulate target gene expression at constant Ci levels and that increased PKA activity can induce ectopic Hh target gene expression in a manner that requires Smo and Ci activities but does not involve changes in Ci protein concentration. This suggests a branching pathway of Hh signal transduction downstream of Smo and that PKA exerts opposite effects on the two branches. Finally we show that Hh signaling in embryos does not depend on cAMP-dependent regulation of PKA activity.
Mental Fitness and the Lifelong Learning Movement (2004)

Educational Objectives 1. To identify the functional benefits of continued mental activity 2. To examine the role of Lifelong Learning Institutes in later life 3. To describe the motivations of participants in lifelong learning
Identification and formation mechanism of individual degradation products in lithium‐ion batteries studied by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and atmospheric solid analysis probe mass spectrometry (2016)

Rationale Improvement of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) in terms of performance and robustness requires good understanding of the reaction processes. The analysis of the individual degradation products in LIB electrolytes and on the surface of the electrodes provides vital information in this regard. In this study, mass spectrometric analytical methods were utilized for the identification of the individual degradation products. Methods The degradation products in the electrolytes recovered from cycle‐tested cells were separated by liquid chromatography (LC) and their mass spectrometric analysis was conducted by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). For identification of degradation products on the surface of electrodes, atmospheric solid analysis probe (ASAP)‐MS analysis was conducted by time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry with an ASAP probe and an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source. Results The degradation products in the electrolytes, namely carbonate oligomers and organophosphates, were identified simultaneously by LC/ESI‐MS. Their formation mechanisms were estimated, which explain their different compositions at different temperatures. One degradation product was found on the anode surface by ASAP‐MS, and its formation mechanism was explained similarly to those in the electrolyte. Conclusions The results suggest that the electrolyte degradation is correlated with the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase, which is an important factor in the performance of LIBs. We expect that further investigation of the degradation products by LC/ESI‐MS and ASAP‐MS will be helpful for studying their degradation processes in LIBs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microfluidics as a functional tool for cell mechanics (2009)

Living cells are a fascinating demonstration of nature's most intricate and well-coordinated micromechanical objects. They crawl, spread, contract, and relax-thus performing a multitude of complex mechanical functions. Alternatively, they also respond to physical and chemical cues that lead to remodeling of the cytoskeleton. To understand this intricate coupling between mechanical properties, mechanical function and force-induced biochemical signaling requires tools that are capable of both controlling and manipulating the cell microenvironment and measuring the resulting mechanical response. In this review, the power of microfluidics as a functional tool for research in cell mechanics is highlighted. In particular, current literature is discussed to show that microfluidics powered by soft lithographic techniques offers the following capabilities that are of significance for understanding the mechanical behavior of cells: (i) Microfluidics enables the creation of in vitro models of physiological environments in which cell mechanics can be probed. (ii) Microfluidics is an excellent means to deliver physical cues that affect cell mechanics, such as cell shape, fluid flow, substrate topography, and stiffness. (iii) Microfluidics can also expose cells to chemical cues, such as growth factors and drugs, which alter their mechanical behavior. Moreover, these chemical cues can be delivered either at the whole cell or subcellular level. (iv) Microfluidic devices offer the possibility of measuring the intrinsic mechanical properties of cells in a high throughput fashion. (v) Finally, microfluidic methods provide exquisite control over drop size, generation, and manipulation. As a result, droplets are being increasingly used to control the physicochemical environment of cells and as biomimetic analogs of living cells. These powerful attributes of microfluidics should further stimulate novel means of investigating the link between physicochemical cues and the biomechanical response of cells. Insights from such studies will have implications in areas such as drug delivery, medicine, tissue engineering, and biomedical diagnostics.
Detection of Real and Virtual Fine Surface Features With a Haptic Interface and Stylus (1997)

Abstract In this paper we discuss the results of displaying fine surface features using a haptic interface. A stylus was connected to a haptic interface and configured so that users could explore real and virtual surfaces using the same apparatus. The surfaces consisted of sinusoidal profiles with amplitudes of 0.01–10 mm and with frequencies of 1–20 cycles over a length of 85 mm. Subjects were asked to explore the surfaces at will and count the number of waves detected. When exploring physical profiles, tests were conducted using a stylus with friction and a “frictionless” stylus with a roller. For comparison, tests were also conducted using the subjects’ fingertips instead of a stylus for physical surface exploration. Our results show that subjects’ perceptions of sinusoidal features on virtual and physical walls are qualitatively similar. At spatial frequencies of 0.24 cycles/mm and greater, the ability of humans to accurately count virtual and physical waves was also similar, despite the limited stiffness and bandwidth of the haptic interface. The results provide insight for the display of fine features such as ridges or grooves on a virtual wall.
Alert-driven Attack Graph Generation using S-PDFA (2021)

Ideal cyber threat intelligence (CTI) includes insights into attacker strategies that are specific to a network under observation. Such CTI currently requires extensive expert input for obtaining, assessing, and correlating system vulnerabilities into a graphical representation, often referred to as an attack graph (AG). Instead of deriving AGs based on system vulnerabilities, this work advocates the direct use of intrusion alerts. We propose SAGE, an explainable sequence learning pipeline that automatically constructs AGs from intrusion alerts without a priori expert knowledge. SAGE exploits the temporal and probabilistic dependence between alerts in a suffix-based probabilistic deterministic finite automaton (S-PDFA)-a model that brings infrequent severe alerts into the spotlight and summarizes paths leading to them. Attack graphs are extracted from the model on a per-victim, per-objective basis. SAGE is thoroughly evaluated on three open-source intrusion alert datasets collected through security testing competitions in order to analyze distributed multi-stage attacks. SAGE compresses over 330k alerts into 93 AGs that show how specific attacks transpired. The AGs are succinct, interpretable, and provide directly relevant insights into strategic differences and fingerprintable paths. They even show that attackers tend to follow shorter paths after they have discovered a longer one in 84.5% of the cases.
Solution Structure of the CUUG Hairpin Loop: A Novel RNA Tetraloop Motif (1995)

The solution structure of a uniformly 13C/15N-labeled CUUG RNA hairpin loop has been determined by multidimensional heteronuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in combination with distance geometry and restrained molecular dynamics calculations. The structure of this CUUG tetraloop represents a novel RNA loop motif where the first and last loop nucleotides form a standard Watson-Crick C-G base pair and the second loop nucleotide interacts directly with the closing base pair of the stem by folding into the minor groove. This structure helps explain why the closing base pair is phylogenetically conserved and indicates a six-nucleotide G(CUNG)C motif for the CUUG RNA tetraloop. Implications for the function of this CUUG tetraloop in ribosomal RNA and in RNA tertiary interactions are discussed.
Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a rat pituitary G protein-coupled adenosine triphosphate (ATP) receptor. (1996)

There is increasing evidence that pituitary ATP receptors may play a novel role in modulating pituitary function. This work reports the isolation and expression of a pituitary ATP receptor gene clone from a rat pituitary complementary DNA library. The isolated clone (rpP2U) has a 1125-bp coding sequence flanked by 483 bp of 5' - and 422 bp of 3'-untranslated sequences. The deduced 374-amino acid product shows structural features common to other G protein-coupled receptors, and when stably transfected into a glioma cell line lacking endogenous ATP receptors, is functionally characterized as a P2U purinoceptor. Specifically, the ATP-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in the transfected cells was inhibited by suramin, 2-methylthio-ATP had a modest stimulatory effect on intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, and beta, gamma-methylene ATP and alpha, beta-methylene ATP had no effect. The cloned receptor exhibited the agonist potency and efficacy profile of ATP approximately equal to uridine triphosphate > ADP approximately equal to uridine diphosphate > GTP. Such characteristics very closely mimic the pharmacologically defined P2U purinoceptor of primary rat gonadotropes and mixed sheep pituitary cells, and Southern blot analysis further indicates that there is only one allele in rat genome for the P2U purinoceptor. These findings suggest that the P2U purinoceptor is the predominant G protein-linked ATP receptor found in the pituitary.
Silylmethyl and related complexes. Part I. Kinetically stable alkyls of titanium(IV), zirconium(IV), and hafnium(IV) (1973)

Complexes of the type Cp2M(CH2M′Me3)2(Cp =π-C5H5; M = Ti, Zr, or Hf; M′= Si or Ge) have been prepared from Me3M′CH2Li, or less satisfactorily from the Grignard reagent, and Cp2MCl2 in ether. Cp2Zr(Cl)CH2SiMe3 was prepared via Me3SiCH2MgCl in ether–methylene chloride. Isoleptic complexes (RnMe3 –nSiCH2)4M (M = Ti, Zr, or Hf; n= 0–2; R = Ph or PhCH2) have been prepared by the reaction of MCl4 with Me3SiCH2Li in ether or hexane, RnMe3 –nSiCH2MgCl in ether, or (RnMe3 –nSiCH2)2Mg in hexane. The complexes are thermally more stable than their methyl analogues; oxidative stabilities of the isoleptic compounds correlate with the degree of steric shielding at the metal centre. Spectroscopic data are provided, and the reactions of the isoleptic compounds with water, iodine, and acetylacetone are described.
Assessment of Skeletal Muscle Triglyceride Content by 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Lean and Obese Adolescents (2002)

The metabolism and composition of skeletal muscle tissue is of special interest because it is a primary site of insulin action and plays a key role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Intramyocellular (IMCL) triglyceride stores are an accessible form of energy that may decrease skeletal muscle glucose utilization, thereby contributing to impaired glucose metabolism. Because of the invasive nature of muscle biopsies, there is limited, if any, information about intramuscular lipid stores in children. The development of (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provides a unique noninvasive alternative method that differentiates intracellular fat from intercellular fat in muscle tissue. The present study was performed to determine whether IMCL and extramyocellular (EMCL) lipid contents are increased early in the development of juvenile obesity and to explore the relationships between IMCL and EMCL to in vivo insulin sensitivity, independently of total body fat and central adiposity in obese and nonobese adolescents. Eight nonobese (BMI 21 kg/m(2), age 11-16 years) and 14 obese (BMI 35 +/- 1.5 kg/m(2), age 11-15 years) adolescents underwent 1) (1)H-NMR spectroscopy to noninvasively quantify IMCL and EMCL triglyceride content of the soleus muscle, 2) a 2-h euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (40 mU.m(-2).min(-1)) to assess insulin sensitivity, 3) a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan to measure total percent body fat, and 4) magnetic resonance imaging to measure abdominal fat distribution. Both the IMCL and EMCL content of the soleus muscle were significantly greater in the obese adolescents than in the lean control subjects. A strong inverse correlation was found between IMCL and insulin sensitivity, which persisted and became even stronger after controlling for percent total body fat and abdominal subcutaneous fat mass (partial correlation r = -0.73, P < 0.01) but not when adjusting for visceral fat (r = - 0.54, P < 0.08). In obese adolescents, increase in total body fat and central adiposity were accompanied by higher IMCL and EMCL lipid stores. The striking relationships between both IMCL and EMCL with insulin sensitivity in childhood suggest that these findings are not a consequence of aging but occur early in the natural course of obesity.