gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Randomized comparison of oral terbutaline and ritodrine for preventing recurrent preterm labor. (1989)

We compared oral ritodrine and terbutaline for the prevention of recurrent preterm labor. Women between 20 and 35 weeks' gestation who successfully completed a course of intravenous tocolysis were eligible for inclusion. One hundred two patients were randomized to oral ritodrine (20 mg every four hours) or oral terbutaline (5 mg every four hours). The groups showed no significant differences with respect to recognized risk factors for preterm labor or prognostic factors for the failure of tocolysis. Initial treatment failures occurred more frequently in the ritodrine group (nine vs. two, P = .0527). There were no statistically significant differences in the treatment results or frequency of side effects. We conclude that ritodrine appears to be less effective than terbutaline upon the initiation of oral therapy and that oral ritodrine and terbutaline are equivalent in safety and efficacy when used on a long-term basis for preventing recurrent preterm labor.
Fully Regiocontrolled Polyarylation of Pyridine (2014)

Starting from commercially available 2-chloro-3-hydroxypyridine, a new route leading to the first protypical pentaarylpyridine bearing five different substituents is reported. This strategy involves a set of five sequential but fully regiocontrolled Suzuki-Miyaura reactions and highlights the 2-OBn pyridine protecting group as a key intermediate. The 2-OBn group played a double role: (i) it allowed additional bromination at position 5 and (ii) it could afford the reactive OTf species for the last C-arylation step at the less hindered 2 position of the tetraarylpyridine. The photophysical properties of the novel compounds are also described. The synthesized pentaarylpyridine derivative exhibit a large Stokes shift, strong solvatochromism, and quantum yield values up to 0.47; thus, they constitute promising building blocks for the design of environment-sensitive probes.
A probabilistic approach for automatically filling form-based web interfaces (2010)

In this paper we present a proposal for the implementation and evaluation of a novel method for automatically using data-rich text for filling form-based input interfaces. Our solution takes a text as input, extracts implicit data values from it and fills appropriate fields. For this task, we rely on knowledge obtained from values of previous submissions for each field, which are freely obtained from the usage of the interfaces. Our approach, called iForm , exploits features related to the content and the style of these values, which are combined through a Bayesian framework. Through extensive experimentation, we show that our approach is feasible and effective, and that it works well even when only a few previous submissions to the input interface are available.
A Heartbeat Away (2011)

Jackie Blanch says take a punt on this quintessentially Australian, quirky film that shows how one person with determination and drive can make a difference. It's sure to please!
Inversion of 3D electromagnetic data in frequency and time domain using an inexact all-at-once approach (2004)

Abstract We present a general formulation for inverting frequency- or time-domain electromagnetic data using an all-at-once approach. In this methodology, the forward modeling equations are incorporated as constraints and, thus, we need to solve a constrained optimization problem where the parameters are the electromagnetic fields, the conductivity model, and a set of Lagrange multipliers. This leads to a much larger problem than the traditional unconstrained formulation where only the conductivities are sought. Nevertheless, experience shows that the constrained problem can be solved faster than the unconstrained one. The primary reasons are that the forward problem does not have to be solved exactly until the very end of the optimization process, and that permitting the fields to be away from their constrained values in the initial stages introduces flexibility so that a stationary point of the objective function is found more quickly. In this paper, we outline the all-at-once approach and apply it to electromagnetic problems in both frequency and time domains. This is facilitated by a unified representation for forward modeling for these two types of data. The optimization problem is solved by finding a stationary point of the Lagrangian. Numerically, this leads to a nonlinear system that is solved iteratively using a Gauss-Newton strategy. At each iteration, a large, indefinite matrix is inverted, and we discuss how this can be accomplished. As a test, we invert frequency-domain synthetic data from a grounded electrode system that emulates a field CSAMT survey. For the time domain, we invert borehole data obtained from a current loop on the surface.
Independent Prognostic Value of Serum Hepatocyte Growth Factor in Bladder Cancer (2000)

Our study suggests that the level of hepatocyte growth factor in serum could be a predictor of patient survival and extent of bladder cancer.
Bone marrow stromal cells contribute to synovial cell proliferation in rats with collagen induced arthritis. (1996)

At the onset of CIA, bone marrow stromal cells migrated from the bone marrow into the affected joint cavity and seemed to contribute to synovial proliferation.
A class of lifting based integer wavelet transform (2002)

A class of integer wavelet transform (IWT) which are parametrized simply by one free parameter is presented . The class of IWT is obtained by a lifting based factorization on a class of 9/7 filter pair. The class includes the celebrated 9/7 filter pair of Cohen, Daubechies and Feauveau which is adopted in the upcoming JPEG2000 image compression standard. Within this class are lifting filters with simple rational coefficients which are close in characteristics to the irrational coefficient 9/7 pair employed in JPEG2000. By adjusting the free parameter, IWT with different properties and characteristics can be obtained. A study of the non-linearity of this class of IWT is also performed.
Conditioned Medium from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transiently Retards Osteoblast Differentiation by Downregulating Runx2 (2012)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are attractive candidates for cell therapy and regenerative medicine because of their potential for proliferation and multilineage differentiation. MSCs secrete various cytokines, acting as trophic mediators to regulate neighboring cells. Osteoblasts are the cells directly responsible for forming new bone, and they are the final target of many osteogenic regulators. However, the induction effect of MSCs on osteoblasts is still unknown. In this study, we isolated osteoblasts from rat calvariae and investigated their proliferation and differentiation under induction of varied concentrations of MSC-conditioned medium (MSC-CM). Cells in the MSC-CM groups showed a reduction in cell proliferation at 3-6 days, and a decrease in the expression of osteocalcin and osteopontin at 3 days, with low levels of alkaline phosphatase activity. The expression of osteogenic markers went back to normal at 7 days. In order to evaluate the molecular mechanisms underlying this suppression, levels of two osteoblastic transcription factors, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and osterix (Osx), were detected at both mRNA and protein levels. The results indicated that MSC-CM significantly inhibited Runx2 expression in a concentration-dependent manner. However, the effect was not due to the inhibition of Osx, for Osx was not significantly altered. This work demonstrates that MSCs may suppress osteoblast proliferation and transiently retard osteoblast differentiation by downregulating Runx2. These results highlight the need to take into account the paracrine effect of MSCs when using them in regenerative medicine for the repair of bone defects.
Nanostructured Thermoelectric Materials (2008)

Thermal solar energy conversion utilizes the sun's entire spectrum and can work in conjunction with photovoltaic conversion and use waste heat. Recent progress in materials requirements of thermoelectric conversion in this application will be reviewed. Article not available.
Enhanced Endothelial Cell Retention on Shear-Stressed Synthetic Vascular Grafts Precoated with RGD-Cross-Linked Fibrin (2005)

Clinical in vitro endothelialization has been shown to increase the patency of synthetic vascular grafts. The shear stress resistance of the cultured autologous endothelium represents a crucial cornerstone of the concept. We investigated whether an enrichment of the precoating matrix with adhesion sites can augment endothelial cell attachment. Adult human saphenous vein endothelial cells (AHSVECs) were seeded confluently ([58 +/- 11] x 10(3) AHSVECs/cm2) onto 10-cm-long ePTFE (expanded polytetrafluorethylene) vascular grafts (n = 24) precoated with commercial clinically approved fibrin gel (Tisseal) containing various concentrations of cross-linked RGD peptide (0.0, 4.0, 8.0, or 16.0 mg of RGD per milliliter of Tisseal fibrinogen component). Endothelialized grafts were postcultivated for 9 days before they were exposed to a pulsatile circulation model mimicking peak physiological shear stress conditions of the femoral artery (12 dyn/cm2; min/max, -60/+28 dyn/cm2). Cell loss after 24 h was quantitatively determined by image analysis of vital stains. Initial 24-h cell loss was 27.2 +/- 1.7% in grafts precoated with the non-RGD-enriched fibrin matrix. In contrast, cell loss was significantly less on fibrin containing 4.0 mg of RGD peptide per milliliter of Tisseal fibrinogen component (13.3 +/- 7.9%; p < 0.05). Cell loss on fibrin containing 8 and 16 mg of RGD per milliliter of Tisseal fibrinogen component was 41.0 +/- 27.4 and 43.0 +/- 23.2% (p > 0.05), respectively. We conclude that low concentrations of RGD peptide cross-linked into commercial fibrin matrices used for clinical in vitro lining of vascular grafts led to significantly increased endothelial cell retention. The failure of higher RGD concentrations to enhance endothelial cell attachment may be explained by competitive binding of endothelial cells to non-cross-linked RGD.
Quantum dots in strained layers—preventing relaxation through the precipitate hardening effect (2008)

The internal strain in epitaxial layers due to lattice misfit has long been recognized as a limiting factor in the design of semiconductor structures. In strained layer structures above a critical thickness hc, this strain is relaxed by the introduction of misfit dislocations. Here, we show that the interaction between the strain fields of a self-assembled quantum dot and a dislocation can lead to a threading dislocation being trapped, or pinned, by the quantum dot. The strength of this interaction is always larger than the force exerted on the dislocation by a surrounding layer with lower misfit strain. This gives a significant increase in the critical thickness for relaxation hc(QD). In layers between hc and hc(QD), threading dislocations can at best move only small distances, effectively preventing relaxation. Furthermore it is not possible to destabilize such a layer by the deposition of strained layers above it. The classical critical thickness condition thus does not apply to these structures, and they can be produced with essentially no limits to thickness before relaxation occurs. This may be expected to have significant technological consequences and allow a much wider range of structures to be produced than is possible using current strained layer design rules.
The β‐δ‐core of sarcoglycan is essential for deposition at the plasma membrane (2006)

Mutations of any of the sarcoglycan complex subunits (alpha, beta, delta, and gamma) cause limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. Furthermore, individual mutations lead to a reduction or loss of all other members of the complex. In some cases of limb-girdle muscular dystrophies, however, residual sarcoglycan expression has been documented. Therefore, in this study we tested the hypothesis that formation of specific sarcoglycan subcomplexes is crucial for plasma membrane deposition. Using co-immunoprecipitation assays, we demonstrated that beta- and delta-sarcoglycan interact with alpha-sarcoglycan and these two subunits must be co-expressed for export from the endoplasmic reticulum. Advanced light-microscopic imaging techniques demonstrated that co-expression of beta-sarcoglycan and delta-sarcoglycan is also responsible for delivery to and retention of sarcoglycan subcomplexes at the cell surface. These data suggest that formation of the beta-delta-core may promote the export and deposition of sarcoglycan subcomplexes at the plasma membrane, and therefore identifies a mechanism for sarcoglycan transport.
Improved Survival Rates of Random Flaps in Rabbits with a Monoclonal Antibody That Blocks Leukocyte Adherence (1994)

To examine the role of neutrophil adhesiveness in the tissue injury involving the ischemic "at risk" area of random flaps, we used the monoclonal antibody 60.3, which binds selectively to the primary neutrophil adherence-mediating glycoprotein CD18 in a random cutaneous flap model. Control animals that had flaps elevated and replaced (n = 12) had a mean distal necrosis of 31.9 +/- 9.3 percent of the total flap surface area. Treatment with monoclonal antibody 60.3 (n = 12) reduced distal necrosis to 10.6 +/- 7.5 percent (p < 0.005). Inhibiting inosculation by interposing a thin silicone sheet decreased distal flap survival; however, the protective effect of monoclonal antibody 60.3 on improving flap survival was unchanged. Control isolated flaps (n = 13) had a mean distal necrosis of 49.0 +/- 15.5 percent compared with 22.2 +/- 5.6 percent for the antibody-treated (n = 8) isolated flaps (p < 0.05). We conclude that increased neutrophil adhesiveness plays an important role in the tissue injury involving the ischemic "at risk" area of random flaps and the transient, specific inhibition of leukocyte adherence by monoclonal antibody 60.3 improves the distal survival of random flaps in this model. Moreover, we conclude that "graft inosculation" contributes to "flap" survival in this model; however, conclusions regarding the effect of treatment are not altered by blocking inosculation.
RepA and DnaA proteins are required for initiation of R1 plasmid replication in vitro and interact with the oriR sequence. (1987)

RepA, an initiation protein of R1 plasmid replication, was purified from an Escherichia coli strain overproducing the protein. The purified RepA protein specifically initiated replication in vitro of plasmid DNA bearing the replication origin of R1 plasmid (oriR). The replication, strictly dependent on added RepA protein, was independent of host RNA polymerase but required other host replication functions (DnaB and DnaC proteins, the single-stranded-DNA-binding protein SSB, and DNA gyrase). The replication was also completely dependent on the host DnaA function. In filter binding assays in high salt (0.5 M KCl) conditions, RepA specifically binds to both supercoiled and linear plasmid DNA containing the oriR sequence, whereas it binds to nonspecific DNA in low salt. DNase I-protection studies on a linearized DNA fragment revealed that DnaA protein specifically binds to a 9-base-pair DnaA-recognition sequence ("DnaA box") within oriR only when RepA is bound to the sequence immediately downstream of the DnaA box. These results indicate that initiation of R1 plasmid replication is triggered by interaction of RepA and DnaA proteins with the oriR sequence.
Smaller Exchanges, Larger Regimes: How Trading in Small, Interdependent Units Affects Treaty Stability (2010)

This Comment explores how exchanging in smaller, interdependent units of entitlement during treaty negotiation helps build consensus for large treaty regimes and creates incentives for maintaining stable, cooperative relationships in the long run. The existing literature related to this topic takes three approaches. Prior literature on the concept of equity has focused mostly on the division problem: how to allocate indivisible goods and how to create a proportionality or prioritization system that appeals to parties' intuitive understandings of fairness. Prior economics and game theory literature has largely focused on explaining how cooperation and coalitions affect the feasibility of discrete transactions, such as spot contracts. Prior literature on international law tends to limit itself to political analysis on how issue linkages have facilitated consensus during treaty negotiations. This Comment tries to link these three approaches together to explain the economic incentives behind a general international phenomenon: the tendency to negotiate in more narrowly defined entitlements (smaller units) to build consensus for ambitious, comprehensive treaties that stretch over several regulatory regimes (greater interdependence). This approach differs from earlier approaches in equity literature because it proposes that parties want more than fair division from a discrete transaction. It differs from previous approaches in contract theory because the parties in focus here are states, who all have incentives to create agreements for the long-term5 and institutionalize norms that incentivize cooperation. It differs in focus from prior literature in international law in that it tries to generalize a larger economic principle behind why linkages help treaties succeed.
Voltage dip mitigation for motor starters using an adaptive high speed relay protection on the high voltage transmission system (2008)

Currently, the aging state of the protection systems for industrial facilities is calling for a system-wide review of the equipment and the protection schemes used in all these places, calling for a new approach in the design and implementation of these systems. Some of these facilities house critical processes that can be seriously affected by a misoperation of equipment or a disturbance in the system, aspects ranging from safety of plant workers to millions of dollars in loss of production. In this thesis different contingency situations were explored for problems in the utility transmission system that could affect large industrial facilities with continuing critical processes. Different situations were analyzed including, but not limited to, disturbances caused by momentary short circuits and different types of faults in the system. In this thesis for each scenario, one communication aided protective scheme was developed to provide the best adaptive protection to meet the needs of the industrial plant and automatically adapt and protect the industrial facility, and basically keep the electric equipment running. The developed protection scheme then was verified in comparison between one test case using digital simulation by ASPEN ONELINER and using a DOBLE power system simulator on one open loop case simulation using a real scale model with real time data acquisition.
The Impact of UCR on Scanner Calibration. (1998)

Most present day color scanners, with red, green, and blue filters, are non-colorimetric. This means that their outputs cannot be linearly transformed into CIE tristimulus values for arbitrary input materials. On the other hand, by restricting oneself to a single class of inputs such as photographic, lithographic, or xerographic materials, very accurate scanner calibrations are possible. In this paper, we conjecture that such accurate calibrations can be achieved if the input document is made with only &quot;three colorants&quot;, i.e., has only three independent degrees of freedom. The validity of the above conjecture is tested experimentally using a CMYK (four colorant) printer. Usually in CMYK printing, there are only three fundamental degrees of freedom. Even though four colorants are used, the amounts of these colorants are inter-related through the method used for undercolor removal (UCR). The fourth degree of freedom is re-introduced when the method of undercolor removal is varied. To tes...
2.6 μm InGaAs photodiodes (1988)

We have developed In0.82Ga0.18As p-n homojunction photodiodes that have a long-wavelength threshold at about 2.65 μm. A compositionally graded InxGa1−xAs layer accommodates the 2% lattice mismatch between the InP substrate and the In0.82Ga0.18As active layers of the device. At −2 V reverse bias the room-temperature dark current is 3.5 μA (32 mA/cm2), and the quantum efficiency is 70–75% over the wavelength interval of 2.1–2.6 μm.
An implantable remote-powered optoelectronic MEMS device for in vivo spectral analysis and biochemical tests (2004)

The non-invasive or minimally invasive real-time spectral analysis of tissue and biological fluids in vivo would be of great assistance for diagnosis and monitoring of a wide range of diseases. We propose here a novel microdevice capable of determining the reflectance spectrum of a sample using a set of micrometer-sized light emitting diodes and a patch of photosensitive material. The purported device would be wireless and remote-powered via RF magnetic fields and due to its dimensions would be suitable as a long-term implant, for example for monitoring glucose levels in diabetics. We present a design for this device, discuss its limitations and suggest some applications, including its use for in vivo biochemical assays.
EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON OF VEGETABLE AND PETROLEUM BASE OILS IN METALWORKING FLUIDS USING THE TAPPING TORQUE TEST (2004)

Traditional metalworking fluid (MWF) formulations have been associated with a number of environmental and health concerns that have driven recent efforts to develop new formulations based on alternative vegetable and ester based feed stocks. This study uses the tapping torque test to compare the performance of five base oil feedstocks for MWFs: naphthenic mineral oil, a 50/50 blend of naphthenic and paraffinic mineral oil, soybean oil, canola oil (75% oleic content), and a TMP Ester. The five oils were tested as straight oils, and as soluble oil and semi-synthetic MWFs, to understand the impacts of emulsification on base oil performance. Machining performance was evaluated using a modification to the standard tapping torque test (ASTM D 5619) previously established by the authors. Over 500 tapping torque experiments are represented in this research. The results indicate that as straight oils all vegetable based stocks perform significantly better than the mineral oils. This trend holds, although is much less pronounced, after the vegetable stocks are emulsified into soluble oil and semi-synthetic MWFs. The results also indicate that some vegetable oil base stocks have a higher potential for lubricity than others, with data revealing that the soy and TMP ester provide improved tapping torque efficiency relative to canola oil in emulsified MWFs.
Benzene Complexes of Ruthenium(II) (1972)

The complexes [π-C 6 H 6 RuX 2 ] 2 (X = Cl, Br, I, SCN) have been prepared and characterized. They react with phosphorus donors to give the monomeric π-C 6 H 6 RuX 2 PR 3 , and with cyanide and hydride ions to give cyclohexadienyl and cyclohexadiene complexes.