gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pulping of southern pine under low water, alkaline conditions using supercritical carbon dioxide-sulfur dioxide mixtures. (1990)

Etude experimentale de la mise en pâte de bois de pin par un melange supercritique de CO 2 et SO 2 sous 2000 psig a des temperatures de 146° a 176°C. On a produit des pâtes de qualite papetiere, a indice kappa aussi bas que 37,4, avec des durees et temperatures de reaction comparables a celles du procede kraft et des rendements au moins equivalents. On examine la consommation de produits chimiques, la charge polluante des effluents et la composition des pâtes obtenues. Les proprietes mecaniques des pâtes non raffinees sont equivalentes a celles de pâtes kraft.
Identification of the membrane anchor of microsomal rat liver cytochrome P-450 (1989)

Cytochrome P450IIB1 isolated from rat liver microsomes was incorporated into phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine/phosphatidylserine (10:5:1 w/w) liposomes. Trypsinolysis of proteoliposomes and sequencing of the membrane-bound domains revealed that only one peptide, comprising amino acid residues 1-21, spans the membrane. Modification of the N-terminal methionine by membrane-impermeable fluorescein isothiocyanate occurred with the protein in solution but not in proteoliposomes. We conclude that in proteoliposomes cytochrome P-450 spans the membrane only with amino acid residues 1-21, the N-terminal methionine facing the lumen.
Packaging factors affecting the fatigue life of power transistor die bonds (1998)

This paper presents an overview of die bond fatigue and a study of packaging and assembly factors and their influence on power transistor cyclic life. Power transistors with soft solder die bonds will fail by catastrophic failure, under cyclic conditions, as fatigue cracks develop and propagate through the die bond. Susceptibility to catastrophic failure increases over the life of the device, as crack growth through the die bond destroys the capability of the device to transfer heat. Power cycling tests followed by failure analysis show that die bond thickness has the most significant effect on catastrophic failure, followed by die bond thickness variation. Analysis shows, that for a given device, the die bond is not uniform and that the nonuniformity or die tilt (ratio of average to minimum thickness) influences device life by affecting strain concentration and crack growth. Oxygen content in the package, also influences device life to a lesser extent, as indicated by a statistical analysis of residual gas analysis results compared to cyclic life. This can be explained by crack closure effects during the development of die bond fatigue cracks. These findings further the understanding of die bond physics of failure and underscore the importance of optimizing die bond thickness in design and limiting variations and oxygen content in hermetic metal packages, during device manufacturing and assembly.
Computation of seismic wave field kinematics in a three-dimensional heterogeneous isotropic medium (2017)

The goal of this study is to develop algorithms and programs to compute wave travel times and directions at the nodes of a given 3D grid. We consider a velocity model that can be described analytically or presented by defining velocity values at the nodes of a 3D regular point grid. In the latter case, the velocity model is smoothed by a spatial low-pass filtering.An algorithm of 3D shooting is developed. The algorithm can be used in case of a point source and more generally for an initial wave front position defined as a parametric surface Φ(θ, φ). In the latter case, the initial points of rays on this surface are not known beforehand. In the case of a source point, the ray direction is determined by the variables θ, φ.We consider equations for partial derivatives with respect to the variables θ, φ together with the differential ray system. The entire system is solved by a fifth-order Runge-Kutta method with step-size and precision control. With known derivatives at ray points we can use Newton’s iterative method, which guarantees quadratic convergence. Moreover, with these derivatives we can calculate geometrical spreading and thus the amplitudes.Different types of velocity structures such as homogeneous, gradient, etc. and different types of surface Φ(θ, φ) are considered. The results of numerical experiments are presented.
De allergenendatabank-ALBA (2002)

De allergenendatabank (ALBA) verzamelt en beheert gegevens van stoffen die voedselovergevoeligheid (voedselallergie en voedselintolerantie) kunnen veroorzaken. Dat kan dankzij de medewerking van het bedrijfsleven, die op basis van vrijwilligheid de gegevens verstrekt. Momenteel leveren 125 fabrikanten en leveranciers (circa 70% van de bedrijven die hiervoor in aanmerking komen) gegevens betreffende de aan- of afwezigheid van 33 stoffen in ruim 17.000 producten. Deze gegevens worden gebruikt om merkartikelenlijsten samen te stellen, welke een opsomming zijn van (merk)producten die de betreffende voedselovergevoeligheid veroorzakende stof(fen) niet bevatten. Behandelaars kunnen ook bevattende lijsten aanvragen. Via het Voedingscentrum is deze informatie beschikbaar voor artsen, diÃ«tisten en consumenten met voedselovergevoeligheid. De ALBA is gevestigd bij TNO Voeding in Zeist.
Feasibility of B-mode diagnostic ultrasonic energy transfer and telemetry to a cm<sup>2</sup> sized deep-tissue implant (2015)

While radio-frequency based remote powering and back-telemetry is popular for many of the surface implants, like neural prosthesis or under-the-skin implanted batteries, it is not suitable for implants located deep inside the tissue. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of using a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS), diagnostic ultrasound technology for delivering energy to a sub-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> sized device implanted at depths more than 10cm away from the tissue surface. Using a COTS 3.5MHz ultrasound scanner we show how the B-mode interrogation protocol can be used to deliver energy to an encapsulated PZT transducer and how the B-mode video sequence can be parsed to retrieve the data from the transducer. In this paper we also discuss the limits of energy transfer at different implantation depths and we also discuss the energy requirements at the implant to achieve robust data transfer.
Preparation of Cerium Orthophosphate Nanosphere by Coprecipitation Route and Its Structural, Thermal, Optical, and Electrical Characterization (2014)

Cerium orthophosphate (CePO 4 ) nanoparticles were synthesized via wet chemical coprecipitation technique using cerium nitrate hexahydrate for Ce 3+ ion and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate for <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext mathvariant="normal">P</mml:mtext><mml:mtext mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>-</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math> ion source. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis suggests that the material belongs to monoclinic crystal system with crystallite size of 49.3 nm. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) reveal the surface morphology of the prepared nanoparticles as nanospheres having grain size in the range of 30–50 nm. The energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) gives elemental composition present in the grown nanomaterial. Thermogravimetric analysis suggests that the structural phase transition is above 800°C. The optical properties include UV-VIS-NIR absorption and the photoluminescence spectrum shows the absorption and emission peaks in the ultraviolet region. The dielectric constant <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>ε</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>/</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mi> </mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math> and ac conductivity properties were investigated with regard to change in temperature (40 to 500°C) and frequency (5 kHz to 1 MHz). The dielectric measurement indicates that the transition is diffused and the activation energy values decrease suggesting that the conduction mechanism is due to hopping of the charge carriers from one site to another.
Model-based registration of X-ray mammograms and MR images of the female breast (2006)

We present a new approach for automatic registration of X-ray mammograms and MR images. Multimodal breast cancer diagnosis is supported by automatic localization of small lesions, which are only visible in the mammograms or in the MR image. To cope with the huge deformation of the breast during mammography, a finite element model of the deformable behavior of the breast is applied during the registration. An evaluation of the registration with six clinical data sets resulted in an accurate localization with a mean displacement of 4.3 mm (/spl plusmn/1 mm) and 3.9 mm (/spl plusmn/1.7 mm) for predicting the lesion position in mammograms and in the MR images, respectively.
Dietary<scp>D</scp>‐psicose, a C‐3 epimer of<scp>D</scp>‐fructose, suppresses the activity of hepatic lipogenic enzymes in rats (2001)

D-Psicose (D-ribo-2-hexulose), a C-3 epimer of D-fructose, is present in small quantities in commercial carbohydrate complexes or agricultural products. Wistar male rats were fed experimental diets which consisted of 5% D-psicose, cellulose, D-fructose or D-glucose for 28 days. Abdominal adipose tissue weight was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in rats fed the D-psicose diet than in rats fed a D-fructose and D-glucose diets, even though the four dietary groups were offered the same amount throughout the experimental period. Fatty acid synthase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities in the liver were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in rats fed the D-psicose diet than in rats fed the D-fructose and D-glucose diets. However, lipoprotein lipase activities in the heart, soleus muscle and perirenal adipose tissue were the same. These results suggest that a supplement of D-psicose in the diet suppresses hepatic lipogenic enzyme activities. The lower abdominal fat accumulation in rats fed a D-psicose diet might result from lower lipogenesis in the liver.
Application of a systolic array to adaptive beamforming (1984)

The paper describes a new technique for adaptive antenna beamforming. By analysing the adaptive antenna as a least-squares problem, it is possible to organise the control processor around a recursive minimisation procedure operating in the data domain. This avoids the explicit computation of the covariance matrix estimate as required by the method known as sample matrix inversion (SMI). The paper further shows how the least-squares processing algorithm may be implemented in an efficient pipeline architecture using a triangular systolic array. Computer simulation results are presented which show the performance of this new technique compared with sample matrix inversion.
Challenges associated with advanced mask cleaning (2011)

Historically, photomask and wafer cleaning have been considered trivial tasks. The primary challenge had been simply the removal of particles that may have an impact on final product yield. As wavelengths decrease and energy on the image plane of the reticle increase, the degree and complexity of surface contaminants on the reticle become a more complicated challenge. The result is that the mask fabricator is faced with two new challenges; reducing and identifying the types of contaminants on the reticle prior to exposure in the wafer fab and eliminating contaminants that have been deposited in the fab. These contaminants are often different in that 193nm exposure produces higher molecular weight contaminants that can be more difficult to remove. While the effects of these contaminants may not be serious for transmissive lithography, their effects can be catastrophic for reflective lithography, such as Extreme Ultra- Violet (EUV) lithography. We will provide results showing the types of contaminants commonly found on various types of reticles and the respective challenges associated with their removal. Additionally, prior to developing an effective cleaning protocol understanding the chemical composition of the substrate is extremely important. We will provide analytical data that will clearly describe the composition of the mask substrates.
Identification of Clotrimazole Derivatives as Specific Inhibitors of Arenavirus Fusion (2019)

Arenaviruses are a large family of emerging enveloped negative-strand RNA viruses that include several causative agents of viral hemorrhagic fevers. For cell entry, human-pathogenic arenaviruses use different cellular receptors and endocytic pathways that converge at the level of acidified late endosomes, where the viral envelope glycoprotein mediates membrane fusion. Inhibitors of arenavirus entry hold promise for therapeutic antiviral intervention and the identification of "druggable" targets is of high priority. Using a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotype platform, we identified the clotrimazole-derivative TRAM-34, a highly selective antagonist of the calcium-activated potassium channel KCa3.1, as a specific entry inhibitor for arenaviruses. TRAM-34 specifically blocked entry of most arenaviruses, including hemorrhagic fever viruses, but not Lassa virus and other enveloped viruses. Anti-arenaviral activity was likewise observed with the parental compound clotrimazole and the derivative senicapoc, whereas structurally unrelated KCa3.1 inhibitors showed no antiviral effect. Deletion of KCa3.1 by CRISPR/Cas9 technology did not affect the antiarenaviral effect of TRAM-34, indicating that the observed antiviral effect of clotrimazoles was independent of the known pharmacological target. The drug affected neither virus-cell attachment, nor endocytosis, suggesting an effect on later entry steps. Employing a quantitative cell-cell fusion assay that bypasses endocytosis, we demonstrate that TRAM-34 specifically inhibits arenavirus-mediated membrane fusion. In sum, we uncover a novel antiarenaviral action of clotrimazoles that currently undergo <i>in vivo</i> evaluation in the context of other human diseases. Their favorable <i>in vivo</i> toxicity profiles and stability opens the possibility to repurpose clotrimazole derivatives for therapeutic intervention against human-pathogenic arenaviruses.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Emerging human-pathogenic arenaviruses are causative agents of severe hemorrhagic fevers with high mortality and represent serious public health problems. The current lack of a licensed vaccine and the limited treatment options makes the development of novel antiarenaviral therapeutics an urgent need. Using a recombinant pseudotype platform, we uncovered that clotrimazole drugs, in particular TRAM-34, specifically inhibit cell entry of a range of arenaviruses, including important emerging human pathogens, with the exception of Lassa virus. The antiviral effect was independent of the known pharmacological drug target and involved inhibition of the unusual membrane fusion mechanism of arenaviruses. TRAM-34 and its derivatives currently undergo evaluation against a number of human diseases and show favorable toxicity profiles and high stability <i>in vivo</i> Our study provides the basis for further evaluation of clotrimazole derivatives as antiviral drug candidates. Their advanced stage of drug development will facilitate repurposing for therapeutic intervention against human-pathogenic arenaviruses.
Modeling Disk Arrays Using Genetic Programming (2001)

This paper describes the results of using genetic programming to evolve models that predict the throughput in disk arrays. The results are compared to previous hand-crafted analytical and automatically-generated interpolation-based device models. An analysis is performed to investigate the optimality of the run parameters chosen as well as to discover whether the approach has the tendency to overfit its training data. The process is shown to find models that outperform both recently published and currently used models and to be sensitive to population size but not run length.
Rapid Detection of E. coli Bacteria Using Potassium-Sensitive FETs in CMOS (2013)

A novel integrated system for the detection of live bacteria in less than 10 minutes is presented. It utilizes the specificity of bacteriophages as biological detection elements with the sensitivity of integrated ion-selective field-effect transistors (ISFETs) implemented in conventional 0.18 μm CMOS with additional post-processes PVC-based potassium-sensitive membrane to provide a rapid, low-cost bacteria detection platform. Experimental methods to cancel ISFET non-idealities as well as data processing techniques to enhance detection capability of the bacteria sensor are demonstrated. Three groups of experimental results are provided using four strains of E. coli with two bacteriophages at two different temperatures. Measurements incorporating positive and negative control experiments are presented that successfully exhibit sensor specificity as well detection capability.
Carbon Partitioning during Sucrose Accumulation in Sugarcane Internodal Tissue (1997)

The temporal relationship between sucrose (Suc) accumulation and carbon partitioning was investigated in developing sugarcane internodes. Radiolabeling studies on tissue slices, which contained Suc concentrations ranging from 14 to 42% of the dry mass, indicated that maturation coincided with a redirection of carbon from water-insoluble matter, respiration, amino acids, organic acids, and phosphorylated intermediates into Suc. It is evident that a cycle of Suc synthesis and degradation exists in all of the internodes. The decreased allocation of carbon to respiration coincides with a decreased flux from the hexose pool. Both the glucose and fructose (Fru) concentrations significantly decrease during maturation. The phosphoenolpyruvate, Fru-6-phosphate (Fru-6-P), and Fru-2,6-bisphosphate (Fru-2, 6-P2) concentrations decrease between the young and older internodal tissue, whereas the inorganic phosphate concentration increases. The calculated mass-action ratios indicate that the ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, and Fru-1,6-bisphosphatase reactions are tightly regulated in all of the internodes, and no evidence was found that major changes in the regulation of any of these enzymes occur. The pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase reaction is in apparent equilibrium in all the internodes. Substrate availability might be one of the prime factors contributing to the observed decrease in respiration.
Dynamic Local Clustering for Hierarchical Ad Hoc Networks (2006)

Hierarchical, cluster-based routing greatly reduces routing table sizes compared to host-based routing, while reducing path efficiency by at most a constant factor. More importantly, the amount of routing related signalling traffic is reduced. On the other hand, address changes caused by nodes changing their cluster produces address management traffic. In this paper, we present a new local clustering method that produces dense and stable clusters, thereby minimizing address changes and allowing better and more stable network conditions for ad hoc routing
Unlocking the immunological mechanisms of orbital inflammation in thyroid eye disease (2002)

Graves’ disease (GD) is a common autoimmune condition [1] in which thyroid stimulating antibodies (TSAB) mimic the action of thyrotropin (TSH). Since both the growth and function of the thyroid are controlled by TSH [2], TSAB lead to hyperthyroidism and diffuse goitre. The target of the autoimmune response in GD [3] is the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR). The majority of patients with GD have some degree of ocular involvment that is self resolving, but 3–5% of patients develop thyroid eye disease (TED), an autoimmune condition that requires intervention [4].

The main clinical features of TED are proptosis, conjunctival injection, chemosis, diplopia, corneal ulceration and, in extreme cases, loss of sight due to compression of the optic nerve.These signs and symptoms can be explained by the increase in volume of the orbital contents by three mechanisms: (1) oedema; (2) production of hydrophilic glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and (3) hypertrophy of the adipose tissue by adipogenesis [5]. The first two induce expansion of the extra-ocular (EOM) muscles, which are greatly enlarged in TED, and have been the focus of investigations to identify the autoantigen in TED and the link with the thyroid gland.
Analysis of Contention-Based Multi-Channel Wireless MAC for Point-to-Multipoint Networks (2006)

We analyze the delay performance of multi-channel MAC in point-to-multipoint wireless networks. We focus on contention based operation of nodes in such networks using a multi-channel MAC protocol adapted from Jungmin So et al., (2004). Our analysis can be extended to IEEE 802.11 DCF in PMP mode of operation and contention based IEEE 802.16 based networks. Using a slotted-time model, we derive expressions for the service time distribution of the packets, and approximate expressions for the queuing delay under Poisson traffic, when the contention window is of fixed size. We extend this analysis to incorporate exponential backoff of the contention window size. We conduct simulations for the multichannel MAC protocol in NS-2, and note that our analytical results match well with simulation results for moderate to high values of traffic intensity. Our analysis enables us to capture the imp act of various system parameters on queuing delay
Characterization of Grain‐Boundary Segregation in MgO (1981)

Using Auger electron spectroscopy, segregation of Ca and Si corresponding to the adsorption of a partial monolayer adjacent the boundary in polycrystalline MgO was observed. Segregation of Sc is different in nature; the distribution consists of a 3.0‐nm wide region corresponding to a positive space charge layer balancing a negative boundary charge. Various segregation models are applied to the observed behavior.
Allen??s Test (1984)

Trauma to the ulnar artery was first reported by Von Rosen in 1934.1 In more recent years this condition has been termed ulnar-artery thrombosis, hypothenar hammer syndrome or post-traumatic digital ischemia. Trauma to the ulnar artery is caused by the repeated use of the hand as a hammer in order to apply force to an object. Any person who presents with a history of trauma to the hypothenar eminence of the hand should be screened for ulnar artery thrombosis. This screening can easily and quickly be performed by the nurse utilizing the Allen test. Early detection of vascular insufficiency coupled with cessation of chronic trauma may help the client avoid reconstructive vascular surgery.