gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antiasthmatic Effects of <i>Galphimia glauca</i>, Gallic Acid, and Related Compounds Prevent Allergen- and Platelet-Activating Factor-Induced Bronchial Obstruction as well as Bronchial Hyperreactivity in Guinea Pigs (1992)

A methanolic extract from Galphimia glauca (320 mg/kg, orally) inhibited acute bronchial reactions to allergen (ovalbumin, 10 mg/ml) and platelet-activating factor (PAF, 1 microgram/ml) inhalation challenges, but not to histamine or acetylcholine in spontaneously breathing guinea pigs. Furthermore, the PAF-induced bronchial hyperreactivity was markedly reduced. Gallic acid and related compounds as well as the flavonoid, quercetin, were identified as active compounds. Gallic acid, methyl gallate and quercetin showed significant effects after a single oral dose of 45 mg/kg, tetragalloyl quinic acid after 5 mg/kg. Continuous treatment of the animals with one certain fraction (GG II, 3 days, 3 x 2 mg/kg) containing all active compounds reduced allergen- and PAF-induced bronchial reactions by more than 70%.
Segmentation of Regions of Interest Using Active Contours with SPF Function (2015)

Segmentation of regions of interest is a well-known problem in image segmentation. This paper presents a region-based image segmentation technique using active contours with signed pressure force (SPF) function. The proposed algorithm contemporaneously traces high intensity or dense regions in an image by evolving the contour inwards. In medical image modalities these high intensity or dense regions refer to tumor, masses, or dense tissues. The proposed method partitions an image into an arbitrary number of subregions and tracks down salient regions step by step. It is implemented by enforcing a new region-based SPF function in a traditional edge-based level set model. It partitions an image into subregions and then discards outer subregion and partitions inner region into two more subregions; this continues iteratively until a stopping condition is fulfilled. A Gaussian kernel is used to regularize the level set function, which not only regularizes it but also removes the need of computationally expensive reinitialization. The proposed segmentation algorithm has been applied to different images in order to demonstrate the accuracy, effectiveness, and robustness of the algorithm.
The Degradation of Automotive Upholstery Fabrics by Light and Heat (1986)

Automotive upholstery fabrics must withstand prolonged exposure to sunlight and high temperatures. This review describes the effects of light and heat on the textile fibres commonly used in automotive upholstery. Methods for photostabilising these fibres are also discussed.
Dynamics of GBF1, a Brefeldin A-Sensitive Arf1 Exchange Factor at the Golgi (2004)

Trafficking through the Golgi apparatus requires members of the Arf family of GTPases, whose activation is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Once activated, Arf-GTP recruits effectors such as coat complexes and lipid-modifying enzymes to specific membrane sites, creating a domain competent for cargo concentration and transport. GBF1 is a peripherally associated Arf GEF involved in both endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi and intra-Golgi transport. The mechanism of GBF1 binding to membranes is unknown. As a first step to understanding the mechanism of membrane association, we constructed a yellow fluorescent protein-tagged version of GBF1 and performed fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis to determine its residence time on Golgi membranes. We find that GBF1 molecules are not stably associated with the Golgi but rather cycle rapidly on and off membranes. The drug brefeldin A (BFA), an uncompetitive inhibitor of the exchange reaction that binds to an Arf-GDP-Arf GEF complex, stabilizes GBF1 on Golgi membranes. Using an in vivo assay to monitor Arf1-GTP levels, we show that GBF1 exchange activity on Arf1 is inhibited by BFA in mammalian cells. These results suggest that an Arf1-GBF1-BFA complex is formed and has a longer residence time on Golgi membranes than GBF1 or Arf1 alone.
Application of an object-oriented programming paradigm in three-dimensional computer modeling of mechanically active gastrointestinal tissues (2000)

The aim of this study was to develop a novel three-dimensional (3-D) object-oriented modeling approach incorporating knowledge of the anatomy, electrophysiology, and mechanics of externally stimulated excitable gastrointestinal (GI) tissues and emphasizing the "stimulus-response" principle of extracting the modeling parameters. The modeling method used clusters of class hierarchies representing GI tissues from three perspectives: 1) anatomical; 2) electrophysiological; and 3) mechanical. We elaborated on the first four phases of the object-oriented system development life-cycle: 1) analysis; 2) design; 3) implementation; and 4) testing. Generalized cylinders were used for the implementation of 3-D tissue objects modeling the cecum, the descending colon, and the colonic circular smooth muscle tissue. The model was tested using external neural electrical tissue excitation of the descending colon with virtual implanted electrodes and the stimulating current density distributions over the modeled surfaces were calculated. Finally, the tissue deformations invoked by electrical stimulation were estimated and represented by a mesh-surface visualization technique.
Response to Treatment with the Leukocyte-derived Immunomodulator IMREG-1 in Immunocompromised Patients with AIDS-related Complex (1991)

Patients with AIDS-related complex experienced fewer adverse events and constitutional symptoms after IMREG-1 treatment. The slower loss of CD4+ cells and increased size and rate of delayed hypersensitivity responses most likely reflect the effect of IMREG-1 on the immune system. No toxicity related to IMREG-1 administration was observed.
Effects of position quantization and sampling rate on virtual-wall passivity (2005)

The "virtual wall" is the most common building block used in constructing haptic virtual environments. A virtual wall is typically based on a simple spring model, with unilateral constraints that allow the user to make and break contact with a surface. There are a number of factors (sample-and-hold, device dynamics, sensor quantization, etc.) that cause virtual walls to demonstrate active (nonpassive) behavior, destroying the illusion of reality. In this paper, we find an explicit upper bound on virtual wall stiffness that is a necessary and sufficient condition for virtual wall passivity. We consider a haptic display that can be modeled as a mass with Coulomb-plus-viscous friction, being acted upon by two external forces: an actuator and a human user. The system is equipped with only one sensor, an optical encoder measuring the position of the mass. We explicitly model the effects of position resolution, which has not been done in previous work. We make no assumptions about the human user, and we consider arbitrary constant sampling rates. The main result of our analysis is a necessary and sufficient condition for passivity that relies on the Coulomb friction in the haptic device, as well as the encoder resolution. We experimentally verify our results with a one-degree-of-freedom haptic display, and find that the system can display nonpassive behavior in two decoupled modes that are predicted by the necessary and sufficient condition. One mode represents instability, while the other mode results in active tactile sensations.
Photochemical Cleavage and Release of Carboxylic Acids from α-Keto Amides (2005)

In aqueous media, alpha-keto amides LGCH(2)COCON(R)CH(R')CH(3) (1a, R = Et, R' = H; 1b, R = (i)()Pr, R' = Me; 1c, R = Ph, R' = H) with various carboxylate leaving groups (LG) at the C-3 position undergo photocleavage and release of carboxylic acids with formation of diastereomeric 5-hydroxyoxazolidin-4-ones 2a,c in the cases of 1a,c or 5-methyleneoxazolidin-4-ones 3b in the case of 1b. For 1a,b, Phi(photocleavage) = 0.24-0.38, whereas Phi(photocleavage) = ca. 0.05 for 1c. The proposed mechanism involves transfer of hydrogen from an N-alkyl group to the keto oxygen to produce zwitterionic intermediates 4a-c that eliminate carboxylate anions. The resultant imminium ions, H(2)C=C(OH)CON(+)(R)=C(R')CH(3) 5a-c, cyclize intramolecularly to 3b or undergo intermolecular addition of water followed by tautomerization and cyclization to give 2a,c. These inter- or intramolecular trapping reactions of 5 release protons that decrease the pH and cause bleaching of the 620 nm band of the pH indicator, bromocresol green. Determination of the bleaching kinetics by laser flash photolysis methods in the case of 1a gives time constants of 18-137 mus, depending on the leaving group ability of the carboxylate anion, whereas amides 1b show only a small leaving group effect. For 1a, the large leaving group effect is consistent with rate-limiting carboxylate elimination from 4a, whereas the proton release step would be largely rate determining for 1b. Photolyses of 1a (LG = CH(3)CO(2)(-), PhCH(2)CO(2)(-)) in neat CH(3)CN results in carboxylate elimination to form imminium ion 5a, followed by internal return to give aminals.
New antitumor principles, casearins A-F, for Casearia sylvestris Sw. (Flacourtiaceae). (1990)

New antitumor clerodane diterpenes, named casearins A-F, have been isolated from the leaves of Casearia sylvestris Sw. (Flacourtiaceae). These structures have been completely elucidated by two dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, circular dichroism spectroscopy, X-ray analysis, and chemical evidences.
Role of TGF-β1 and JNK signaling in capillary tube patterning (2004)

The transforming growth factor (TGF) family of secretory polypeptides comprises signaling proteins involved in numerous physiological processes, including vascular development and vessel wall integrity. Both pro- and anti-angiogenic effects of TGF-beta1 have also been documented. To study the intracellular mechanisms involved in capillary tube morphogenesis, endothelial cell aggregates were cultured in a fibrin matrix. It was found that the pattern of capillary tubes formed in a fibrin matrix was altered in response to TGF-beta1 treatment such that the capillary-like structures displayed a bipolarized pattern. In contrast, in untreated control and fibroblast growth factor-2-treated cells, the pattern of capillary tubes formed was random. TGF-beta1 also downregulated urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) activity while upregulating PA inhibitor (PAI)-1 and thrombospondin (TSP)1 gene expression. To investigate the signaling cascade mediating the phenotypic changes observed, pharmacological inhibitors of p38 MAPK, Sp1 transcription factor, c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK), and the cytokine TNF-alpha were used. The p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 reversed the TGF-beta1-dependent inhibition of uPA activity but not its morphogenetic effect. In contrast, the DNA intercalator WP631 and TNF-alpha counteracted the TGF-beta1-induced morphogenetic effect while the JNK inhibitor SP600125 effectively inhibited capillary tube formation. These results indicate that the TGF-beta1-induced capillary tube pattern is independent of the p38 MAPK-activated PAI-1 and TSP1 expression, but the mechanism involves Sp1-dependent transcriptional regulation. The results also raise the possibility that the JNK pathway, which controls convergent extension in Xenopus, may be involved in vessel wall patterning in mammalian systems.
PATTERNS OUT OF CASES USING KOHONEN MAPS IN BREAST CANCER DIAGNOSIS (2008)

DESMAI is a framework for helping experts in breast cancer diagnosis. It allows experts to explore digital mammographic image databases according to a certain topology criteria when they need to decide whether a sample is benign or malignant. In this way, they are provided with complementary information to enhance their interpretations and predictions. The core of the application is a SOMCBR system, which is variant of a Case-Based Reasoning system featured by organizing the case memory using a Self-Organizing Map. The article presents a strategy for improving the SOMCBR reliability thanks to the relations between cases and clusters. The approach is successfully applied in DESMAI for estimating, if it is possible, the class of the recovered mammographies.
A further note on dilatancy in relation to seismic sources (1966)

Orowan [1966] has raised objection to some of the conclusions of my paper, [Frank, 1965] entitled ‘On Dilatancy in Relation to Seismic Sources’. I think the main point at issue between us is a semantic one. I distinguish:1. Dilatancy: the property possessed by granular masses of expanding inbulk with change of shape.2. Dilatancy hardening: the enhancement of mechanical strength of themass consequent upon (1).3. Dilatancy pumping: the transfer of fluid in the mass enforced by ashear stress in consequence of (1).
The Stanford “bite-block”, a head-immobilization accessory (1975)

A number of accessories have been developed to provide immobilization of the head during radiation therapy. These include casts and shells, head clamps arranged to contact the chin, skull side, forehead, glabella or auditory meatus as well as sterotaxic devices (Berman, 1957; Bottrill, Rogers and Hope-Stone, 1965; Hutchinson and Evans, 1965; Kirsh and Womack, 1966; Lee, 1969; Mallion and White, 1968; New, 1962; Perez-Tamayo and Seibert, 1963; Pochaczevsky and Levine, 1971; Ridings and Marvin, 1974; Roswit, Reid and Malsky, 1957; Sandberg and Yules, 1968; Sargent and Posnikoff, 1965; Son, 1968; Von Arsdale and Greenlaw, 1971; Von Essen, Agostinelli and Kligerman, 1970). The “bite-block” described here† incorporates an individual patient's dental impression on which he bites down to provide head immobilization and reproducible positioning during radiation therapy. We have used this head immobilization technique for almost two decades, originally with patients sitting on a treatment chair for horizontal beam treatments but later for supine patients treated isocentrically. The bite-block has been cited earlier in several clinical applications (Bagshaw et al., 1965; Hanks, Bagshaw and Kaplan, 1969; Kaplan and Bagshaw, 1957; Thompson, Scotte Doggett and Bagshaw, 1970), but its newer versions and details of fabrication have not been presented hitherto. Verification films taken during a course of therapy confirm the reproducibility of set-up using this accessory. More recently, the bite-block has been employed for head immobilization in conjunction with computerized transverse axial tomography using an EMI scanner.
EFFICIENT REPRESENTATION AND CODING OF OMNI-DIRECTIONAL VIDEO USING MPEG-4 (2003)

This paper presents an efficient approach for representation and coding of omni-directional video that applies exclusively available MPEG-4 technology, i.e. the combination of 3D Mesh Objects with video textures. This allows application of efficient spherical projections such as equal-area projections or a faceted representation of the image information. Any 3D MPEG-4 player can be used to render and display the omni-directional video interactively. This simple but universal approach enables full competition at the encoder side while providing full interoperability at the decoder side.
Backside copper metallisation of GaAs MESFETs (2000)

Backside copper metallisation of GaAs MESFETs is studied. A thin Ta layer of 40 nm was sputtered on a GaAs substrate as the diffusion barrier before copper film metallisation. X-ray diffraction data show that the Cu/Ta films with GaAs were very stable up to 500°C. After annealing at 300°C for two hours, the copper-metallised MESFETs showed very little change in terms of their device characteristics. The changes in the electrical parameters and RF characteristics of the devices after annealing were of the same order as those devices without Cu metallisation. These results show that Ta is a good diffusion barrier for Cu in GaAs devices and that Cu/Ta films can be used for the backside copper metallisation of GaAs devices.
Secretory production of recombinant human chymase as an active form inPichia pastoris (2000)

We succeeded in expressing in a Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris) host a cDNA encoding a mature human chymase (h-chymase) which was secreted directly into the culture medium. Recombinant human heart chymase (rh-chymase) was purified from the culture medium via a single one-step heparin-agarose column chromatography tracing, using succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-para-nitroanilide (Suc-AAPF-pNA) hydrolysing activity. On SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), the rh-chymase showed a diffused protein band with molecular weight of 32-37 kDa. After deglycosylation, however, rh-chymase changed to a sharp protein band with molecular weight 28 kDa, which is equal in size to deglycosylated h-chymase. The rh-chymase had an activity to convert one of the natural substrates, angiotensin I, to angiotensin II. Double reciprocal plot analysis revealed that the K(m) value ofrh-chymase against Suc-AAPF-pNA was approximately 5.1 mM, which is close to that of purified h-chymase.
Meaningful Energy Efficiency Performance Metrics for the Process Industries (2009)

An effective energy performance benchmarking\nshould include a consideration of production rate,\nproduct specifications, feedstock mix, and process\ntype, in addition to thermodynamics and economics.\nUnfortunately, there is no accepted industry standard\nfor developing Energy Efficiency (EE) performance\nmetrics for the chemical process industries, and\npublished literature on the subject is extremely\nsparse.\nThis paper will present a comprehensive system\nof EPIs as applied in a complex multi-product multi-plant\norganization in the oil and gas industry. Four\ncategories of EPIs are recommended:\n• By equipment\n• By process unit\n• By product\n• By business unit.\nIt will be shown how each type of EPI fulfills a\nspecific business objective in the organization.\nSuccesses and failures are described, and\nrecommendations are provided. The principles and\npractices outlined in this paper are generally\napplicable, and will hopefully lead to a standard\nmethodology for EE performance reporting.
A dynamic probe strategy for quorum systems (2002)

A quorum system is a collection of sets called quorums. Any two quorums in a quorum system must have at least one element in common. Quorum systems can be used for many different applications in a distributed system. A quorum system is available, if all elements in at least one quorum ore operational. The elements are probed to determine if they are available. A probe strategy is used to determine the order in which the elements are probed. This paper studies the average case probe complexity, which is defined as the expected number of probes required to determine if a given quorum system is available. Then, two new probe strategies are presented and analyzed. The first strategy is a generalizations of the alternating color strategy, and the second strategy is based on a measure of the relative importance of each element in the system.
Optical Fiber Joining Technique (1971)

This paper describes a method of thermally fusing clad glass fibers, end to end, to obtain a good mechanical joint with low transmission loss. Methods of preparing fiber ends and aligning them for joining are discussed. Two sizes of fibers were joined (10.8-μm core and 20-μm core clad fibers with outside diameters of 75 μm and 150 μm respectively). <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∗</sup>
Variation in open and closed BAT norms (2008)

Chapters 2 and 3 analysed how law is conceptualised in the various contributions to the literature on EU integration. Chapter 2 identified a traditional approach which draws in particular on images of law generated by official supranational and national legal systems themselves. This perspective interprets law as formal, instrumental and relatively autonomous in relation to its social contexts. Chapter 3 examined critical perspectives which suggest that EU law has now assumed various forms. I argued that these critical perspectives abandon instrumental and relatively autonomous conceptions of law only to a limited extent. Even if the term ‘law’ is employed to refer to a variety of norms beyond official EU and member state law, law is still regarded as a clearly delimited domain with a specific normative content, although, in the case of soft law, this content is not formally legally binding.
Localization of epidermal growth factor receptor by immunohistochemical methods in human prostatic carcinoma, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and benign hyperplasia. (1992)

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr) is a membrane-bound glycoprotein that is present in a wide variety of human normal and malignant tissues. In this study EGFr expression in frozen sections of prostate tissue obtained from 40 different surgical specimens was examined immunohistochemically with a well-characterized monoclonal antibody to EGFr, Ab-1 (Oncogene Science). Twenty cases of prostate adenocarcinoma and 20 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia were studied. Six of the 20 cases of adenocarcinoma also contained prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia grade III (severe intraductal dysplasia). All of the cases containing benign glands showed strong immunostaining in a continuous or nearly continuous pattern, with staining restricted to the basal layer of the benign glands. Adenocarcinoma lacked immunostaining in 15 (75%) of 20 cases, while the remaining five cases (25%) showed diffuse cytoplasmic staining, which was weaker than that seen in the benign glands and that lacked basal accentuation. The six cases that contained prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia grade III showed a discontinuous basal pattern of staining, and the gaps in the staining appeared to correspond to areas of disruption of the basal cell layer. We conclude that the antigenic determinant recognized by this antibody to EGFr was detected preferentially in the basal layer in benign prostatic glands. In contrast, a minority of cases of adenocarcinoma expressed EGFr, as assessed by immunoreactivity with the Ab-1 monoclonal antibody. Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia grade III expressed EGFr with a predominantly discontinuous basal pattern that corresponded to the disrupted basal cell layer typical of this process.
Robust colon residue detection using vector-quantization-based classification for virtual colonoscopy (2003)

We present an automatic and robust tagged-residue detection technique using vector quantization based classification. This technique enables electronic cleansing even on poorly tagged datasets, leading to more effective virtual colonoscopy. In order to reduce the sensitivity towards intensity variation among the tagged residual material, we use a multi-step technique. First, we apply classification using an unsupervised and self-adapting vector quantization algorithm. Then, we sort the resultant classes by their average intensities. We apply thresholding on these classes based on a conservative threshold. This helps us in differentiating soft tissue inside tagged material from poorly tagged region or noise.
Natural infection of rice yellow mottle virus disease (RYMV) on rice in Sierra Leone (1990)

This article 'Natural infection of rice yellow mottle virus disease (RYMV) on rice in Sierra Leone' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.