gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Emergency Lawmaking after 9/11 and 7/7 (2008)

Legislation passed in response to a serious terrorist attack is frequently criticized on two different grounds. First, the critic argues that the legislation grants “too much” power to the executive, relative to some substantive benchmark. Second, the critic impeaches the process by which the legislation was enacted, arguing that it was hasty, ill deliberated or ill informed, or panic-ridden. In practice, these substantive and procedural claims are often run together. Critics say that hasty or panicky emergency legislation systematically tends to grant the executive a blank check. The claim of defective process relies on the circumstances of emergency lawmaking. On this view, the fog of uncertainty, emotions such as urgency and visceral fear, and the tendency of legislators and the public to “rally ‘round the flag,” all conspire to cause legislators to vote massive new powers to the executive, regardless of whether those powers are rationally justifiable. By contrast, my thesis will be that the circumstances of emergency lawmaking do not create a systematic tilt towards increasing executive power beyond the point that a rational legislature 1 would specify. The very forces that empower the executive in emergency lawmaking also hamper the executive’s ability to obtain the legislation it desires. The emotions unleashed by an emergency, the perceived need to react urgently, the widespread sense of political solidarity transcending partisanship, and the radical uncertainty of the situation—all these can be and are exploited by civil libertarians, the
A Tempo Feature via Modulation Spectrum Analysis and its Application to Music Emotion Classification (2006)

This paper proposes a tempo feature extraction method based on the long-term modulation spectrum analysis. To transform the modulation spectrum to a condensed feature vector, the log-scale modulation frequency coefficients are introduced. This idea aims at averaging the modulation frequency energy via the constant-Q filter-banks. Further it is pointed out that the feature can be extracted directly from the perceptually compressed data of digital music archives. To verify the effectiveness of the feature and its utility to music applications, the feature vector is used in a music emotion classification system. The system consisting two layers of Adaboost classifiers. In the first layer the conventional timbre features are employed. Then by adding the tempo feature in the second layer, the classification precision is improved dramatically. By this way the discriminability of the classifier based on the given features can be exploited extremely. The system obtains high classification precision on a small corpus. It proves that the proposed feature is very effective and computationally efficient to characterize the tempo information of music
Somatic embryogenesis in <i>Picea glauca</i> (white spruce) and <i>Picea mariana</i> (black spruce) (1987)

Embryogenic callus was initiated from immature embryos of Picea glauca (white spruce) and Picea mariana (black spruce) cultured on defined media supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (1 × 10 −5 M), N 6 -benzyladenine (5 × 10 −6 M), and 1% sucrose. Seeds from cones stored at 4 °C for up to 3 months yielded embryogenic callus. Much higher frequencies of embryogenic callus were obtained from white spruce than from black spruce. Embryogenic callus contained loosely organized cells and somatic embryos of various sizes. The embryos consisted of a cluster of tiny dividing cells (embryonic region) with attached large vacuolated cells (suspensor region). Upon subculture of embrogenic callus to media either lacking growth regulators or with reduced concentrations (5 × 10 −7 M, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 5 × 10 −6 M N 6 -benzyladenine) somatic embryos could be stimulated to develop into plantlets.
Analysis Methods to Control Performance Variability and Costs in Aircraft Turbine Engine Manufacturing (2001)

ABSTRACT) Few aircraft engine manufacturers are able to consistently achieve high levels of performance reliability in newly manufactured engines. Much of the variation in performance reliability is due to the combined effect of tolerances of key engine components, including tip clearances of rotating components and flow areas in turbine nozzles. This research presents system analysis methods for determining the maximum possible tolerances of these key components that will allow a turbine engine to pass a number of specified performance constraints at a selected level of reliability. Through the combined use of a state-of-the-art engine performance code, component clearance loss models, and stochastic simulations, regions of feasible design space can be explored that allow for a pre-determined level of engine reliability. As expected, constraints such as spool speed and fuel consumption that are highly sensitive to certain component tolerances can significantly limit the feasible design space of the component in question. Discussed are methods for determining the bounds of any components feasible design space and for selecting the most economical combinations of component tolerances. Unique to this research is the method that determines the tolerances of engine components as a system while maintaining the geometric constraints of individual components. The methods presented in this work allow for any number of component tolerances to be varied or held fixed while providing solutions that satisfy all performance criteria. The algorithms presented in this research also allow for an individual specification of reliability on any number of performance parameters and geometric constraints. This work also serves as a foundation for an even larger algorithm that can include stochastic simulations and reliability prediction of an engine over its entire life cycle. By incorporating information such as time dependent performance data, known mission profiles, and the influence of maintenance into the component models, it would be possible to predict the reliability of an engine over time. Ultimately, a time-variant simulation such as this could help predict the timing and levels of maintenance that will maximize the life of an engine for a minimum cost.
Studies of the induction of anti-DNA in normal mice. (1982)

Injection of PBA has previously been demonstrated to induce anti-DNA. In the present study, we found that the combination of neonatal thymectomy and chronic administration of PBA (LPS + poly rI . rC) led to significantly higher anti-DNA levels than either PBA or thymectomy separately. These results suggested that a thymic regulatory process normally serves to suppress anti-DNA after chronic PBA exposure. Indeed, antigen-nonspecific suppressor function was found to be deficient in such thymectomy + PBA-treated mice. In addition, the cells of such mice in vitro interfered with the development of normal suppressor function by control cells.
Surface membrane staining of immunoglobulins in paraffin sections of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas using immunogold-silver staining technique. (1983)

The immunogold-silver staining (IGSS) method is a new immunostaining technique with much enhanced sensitivity for demonstration of antigens in paraffin sections. A series of 10 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of B cell type were stained for surface membrane immunoglobulins by the IGSS and peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) methods using paraffin sections and polyclonal primary antisera. The resulting staining patterns were compared with those obtained using frozen sections of the same tissues, monoclonal antibodies and the immunoperoxidase technique. The IGSS method gave a clear demonstration of surface membrane immunoglobulins in neoplastic lymphocytes using paraffin sections and the pattern of staining achieved was comparable to that obtained by the immunoperoxidase technique employing frozen sections and monoclonal antibodies. PAP staining of paraffin sections consistently failed to demonstrate the presence of any surface membrane immunoglobulin. The IGSS method provides a new approach to the diagnosis of B cell lymphomas in which routinely fixed and processed tissues may be employed to demonstrate monoclonality.
Model Analysis of Tilted Spin-Torque Oscillator With Magnetic Write Head for Shingled Microwave-Assisted Magnetic Recording (2014)

A model analysis was used to investigate a spin-transfer torque oscillator (STO) and magnetic write head for shingled microwave-assisted magnetic recording, where the interactions between STO and write head were included. The magnetic head had a tilted main pole (MP)-trailing shield (TS) gap with respect to the medium surface. The STO was placed in the tilted gap and off-center with respect to the MP center axis. The head structure allowed stable STO oscillation due to the lower in-plane field on the STO and large magnetic head field and high field gradient in the cross-track direction due to the wide pole. An off-centered STO in the MP-TS tilted gap had a stable oscillation at the cost of a slight reduction in oscillation amplitude.
Use of a light emitting diode as a current sensor for electrostatic double probes (1987)

A light emitting diode has been used as a convenient current sensor for electrostatic double probes under conditions of very high common mode voltages at frequencies around 1 MHz. A simple probe circuit permitted the signal to be transmitted optically to a remote conditioning and detection circuit. A calibration curve was used to correct the nonlinearities in the system.
Analysis of Protein Arginine Methylation and Protein Arginine-Methyltransferase Activity (2001)

Posttranslational modification of proteins allows cells to adapt and react quickly to their environment beyond the boundaries set forth by genetic code. Arginine methylation, a protein modification discovered almost 30 years ago, has recently experienced a renewed interest as several new arginine methyltransferases have been identified and numerous proteins were found to be regulated by methylation on arginine residues. Until recently, the detection of arginine methylation required the use of chromatography and mass-spectrometrical analysis. The following protocol provides guidelines for the straightforward identification of arginine-methylated proteins, made possible by the availability of novel, commercially available reagents.
Determination of DNA synthesis, estrogen receptors, and carcinoembryonic antigen in isolated cellular subpopulations of human breast cancer (1986)

Primary breast adenocarcinomas obtained from ten patients were enzymatically digested using collagenase (1 mg/ml), hyaluronidase (1 mg/ml), elastase (0.1 mg/ml) and DNAse (0.2 mg/ml). The tumor cells were labeled with 3H-thymidine and, in some cases, with 3H-estradiol. The isolated cells were submitted successively to a Ficoll-Hypaque and a bovine serum albumin gradient, from which 12 fractions were obtained. In each fraction, several characteristics were determined: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), thymidine (dThd) incorporation, and estrogen receptors (ER). Three main cellular subpopulations were characterized: An intermediate density subpopulation (1.046-1.054 g/ml), in which the proliferating cells are concentrated. In this subpopulation a small number of CEA-positive cells are present, but ER containing cells are virtually absent. A high-density, small cell subpopulation that concentrates most of the ER-containing cells. This subpopulation lacks proliferating cells, but CEA-containing cells are abundant. A low-density subpopulation, lacking proliferating cells and with scarce ER-positive cells, although CEA-positive cells are frequent. These findings strongly suggest that proliferating cells lack ER.
Early-Onset Pauciarticular Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis Associated with Human Leukocyte Antigen-DRw5, Iritis, and Antinuclear Antibody (1980)

Evidence has been sought for a genetically determined predisposition among children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) who are also at particular risk for the development of inflammatory eye disease.45 unrelated Caucasian patients (41 female) with early-onset pauciarticular JRA were human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types. 28 of the study group were found to be HLA-DRw5 compared with 16 of 84 controls (X(2), 24.3, P = <0.001). 9 patients were HLA-DRw8 compared with 4 of 84 controls (X(2), 7.51, P = <0.01). Iritis developed in 24 of the 45 children studied, 17 of whom were typed as HLA-DRw5 when compared to controls (X(2), 26.76, P = <0.001) and 6 with iritis typed as HLA-DRw8 (X(2), 9.10, P = <0.01). Antinuclear antibody was found in the serum of 17 of the 28 patients typing as HLA-DRw5 compared with 4 of the 17 who did not have this antigen (X(2), 5.88, P = <0.02). No such association was seen in patients with HLA-DRw8. In a study of linked genes, a delta value of 0.090 was found for HLA-DRw5 with HLA-B12, of 0.070 for DRw5 with HLA-Cw4, and a value of 0.050 for DRw5 and HLA-Bw35. This suggests a linkage disequilibrium between HLA-DRw5 and these two B series alleles, a conclusion which was supported by haplotype analysis in families of 11 of the disease probands. HLA-DRw5 has not previously been reported to be increased in any rheumatic disease group. It is proposed that HLA-DRw5 is a genetic marker defining those at risk for early-onset pauciarticular JRA with iritis.
Graphoepitaxial NiTi shape memory thin films on Si (1998)

Graphoepitaxial Ni50Ti50 films were grown on Si substrates by sputter deposition of an alloy target. The microstructure evolution of the film was investigated by hot stage atomic force microscopy. The topological features of the martensitic graphoepitaxial Ni50Ti50 films are directly associated with etch pits on the surface of the silicon substrate and exhibit facets with well-defined preferential in-plane orientation. The highly ordered martensitic facets disappear as the film transforms to austenite at elevated temperatures.
What is the center of the image? (2002)

A taxonomy that includes 15 different definitions of image center is presented. It is concluded that the accuracy of the image center can be an important factor in the accuracy of the overall camera calibration, and that the large variation in the position of the image center across different definitions and different lens settings makes the calibration problem complex. With proper modeling and by using appropriate definitions for all image centers in a system, the accuracy of the camera calibration can be improved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Data-link and surface map traffic intent displays for NextGen 4DT and equivalent visual surface operations (2009)

By 2025, U.S. air traffic is predicted to increase 3-fold and may strain the current air traffic management system, which may not be able to accommodate this growth. In response to this challenge, a consortium of industry, academia and government agencies have proposed a revolutionary new concept for U.S. aviation operations, termed the Next Generation Air Transportation System or "NextGen". Many key capabilities are being identified to enable NextGen, including the concept of "net-centric" operations whereby each aircraft and air services provider shares information to allow real-time adaptability to ever-changing factors such as weather, traffic, flight trajectories, and security. Data-link is likely to be the primary source of communication in NextGen. Because NextGen represents a radically different approach to air traffic management and requires a dramatic shift in the tasks, roles, and responsibilities for the flight deck, there are numerous research issues and challenges that must be overcome to ensure a safe, sustainable air transportation system. Flight deck display and crew-vehicle interaction concepts are being developed that proactively investigate and overcome potential technology and safety barriers that might otherwise constrain the full realization of NextGen.
Defective Polymorphonuclear-Leukocyte Function and Chronic Granulomatous Disease in Two Female Children (1968)

In vitro studies of polymorphonuclear-leukocyte function in two female patients with clinical and pathological features of chronic granulomatous disease of childhood showed defective bactericidal capacity and abnormalities of metabolic response to phagocytosis. There was no clinical or laboratory evidence of leukocytic abnormalities in the family members of these girls. All patients with this syndrome previously described have been males. The syndrome in males is familial, and its transmission is X linked. The studies of leukocytic function in these girls demonstrate that defective bactericidal function and metabolic abnormalities of polymorphonuclear leukocytes associated with chronic granulomatous disease are not necessarily familial and are not limited to male patients with X-linked hereditary disease.
Intersection of Parametric Surfaces and a Plane (1984)

An algorithm is presented for approximating all the intersection curves between a plane and an arbitrary parametric surface patch. This is accomplished by a two-stage recursive procedure that simultaneously generates approximations to the curve(s) in 3-D space and the associated pre-image curve(s) in 2-D parameter space. The algorithm provides an accurate mathematical representation based on a tolerance that can be defined by the particular application.
Anaerobic complexation of cobalt(II) by [3k]aneNk (k = 7-12) polyazacycloalkanes (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnaerobic complexation of cobalt(II) by [3k]aneNk (k = 7-12) polyazacycloalkanesAndrea Bencini, Antonio Bianchi, Enrique Garcia-Espana, Mauro Micheloni, and Piero PaolettiCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1989, 28, 12, 2480–2482Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00311a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00311a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views41Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nitrogen Fertilization and Rootstock Effects on Wood Maturation and Dormant Bud Cold Hardiness of cv. Chardonnay Grapevines (1988)

Two rootstocks and three nitrogen fertilization rates were evaluated for their effects on wood maturation, bud survival, and bud cold hardiness of cv. Chardonnay grapevines. Nitrogen fertilizer, applied at up to 84 kg/ha/ year, had little or no effect on those responses. Vines grafted to cv. Elvira rootstock demonstrated more complete wood maturation than vines grafted to cv. Couderc-3309 rootstock. The degree of wood maturation was apparently an indirect consequence of rootstock effects on vine size and canopy density. Bud mortality due to low temperature exposure in the field was slightly greater for vines grafted to Couderc-3309 than for vines grafted to Elvira. Artificial freezing assays did not reveal consistent rootstock effects on scion bud cold hardiness when buds were collected from visually mature nodes.
Antidiarrhoeic Activity of<i>Euphorbia hirta</i>Extract and Isolation of an Active Flavonoid Constituent (1993)

The antidiarrhoeic activity of the Euphorbia hirta whole plant was investigated. The lyophilized decoction demonstrated antidiarrhoeic activity in experimental models of diarrhoea induced by castor oil, arachidonic acid, and prostaglandin E2. It showed no activity when magnesium sulphate was used to provoke the diarrhoea. The lyophilized decoction delayed small intestinal transit when this was accelerated by castor oil but not in normal conditions. A flavonoid, quercitrin, with antidiarrhoeic activity was isolated from this crude drug.
An NMR blood test for cancer: a critical assessment (1988)

An evaluation of the reproducibility and accuracy of the NMR human blood test for cancer described by Fossel, E. T., Carr, J. M. and McDonagh, J., (New England Journal of Medicine 315, 1369-1376) in 1986 has been conducted jointly at the National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research Facility, Frederick, MD (NCI-FCRF) and the National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada (NRC). The influences on the test of the following were studied: (a) subject fasting; (b) sample collection, storage and handling; (c) use of plasma or serum; (d) variations of test results from the same individual with time; (e) NMR observation parameters including field strength and temperature; and (f) variations in obtaining the Fossel Index (FI) (a number defined by Fossel and co-workers as the average of the widths at half height of the regions in the NMR spectrum of human plasma at 1.3 and 0.88 ppm) by different people from the same plotted spectrum. This test was found to be reproducible but not accurate for screening a general asymptomatic population. The accuracy is defined in terms of the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of the test. The accuracy of the test results from our laboratories is compared with the accuracies from other laboratories including Fossel's. The correlation of the Fossel Index with total triglyceride content in the serum has been confirmed by analysing blood components using the following technologies: KBr density gradient centrifugation, high resolution agarose gel electrophoresis, high performance gel permeation chromatography, and chemical analysis.
Joint Discriminative Front End and Back End Training for Improved Speech Recognition Accuracy (2006)

This paper presents a general discriminative training method for both the front end feature extractor and back end acoustic model of an automatic speech recognition system. The front end and back end parameters are jointly trained using the Rprop algorithm against a maximum mutual information (MMI) objective function. Results are presented on the Aurora 2 noisy English digit recognition task. It is shown that discriminative training of the front end or back end alone can improve accuracy, but joint training is considerably better
Glycolipids from sponges, I. Glycosyl ceramide composition of the marine sponge <i>Agelas clathrodes</i> (1995)

Abstract The marine sponge Agelas clathrodes was analyzed for gly‐cosphingolipids, and four cerebrosides ( 1a ‐ 4a ) were isolated, each as a mixture of homologs. The structure of the new glycosphingolipid 1a was elucidated by extensive NMR studies of its peracetate and by chemical analysis. The presence of unusual α‐glycosphingolipids in sponges of the genus Agelas was confirmed.