gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GaN Quantum Dots (2000)

Research on nanosized particles started around 1930 with the discovery of that CdSe and CdS inclusions in silicate glasses cause a color change [ 1 ]. Recently, more than 50 years after the first experiments, the formation of a CdSe three-dimensional semiconductor quantum dot superlattice was reported [2]. During the years many investigations on small particles fabricated in differentways have been performed, but it was not until the first observation of photoluminescence from a single quantum dot that the research area attracted any general attention [3]. The single dots were created by a laser-induced local interdiffusion of a GaAs/AlGaAs single quantum-well structure. The problem with inhomogenous broadening due to a variation in quantum dot-size could now be mastered. Two years later, single-dot photoluminescence of InAs quantum dots (QDs) obtained by self-organized growth on GaAs was reported [4] , The growth was performed in the Stranski-Krastanov (SK) growth mode [5] , where the first layer or layers remain smooth and clusters form on top because of the accumulation of elastic strain energy in the layer(s) due to a fairly large lattice mismatch (2% to 7%) between film and substrate. This type of growth provides a simple way to obtain QDs on a variety semiconductor surfaces. These early reports stimulated several research-groups to explore new phenomena in solid state physics and material science induced by the quasi zero-dimensional confinement of SK-grown QDs.
Evaluation of Meta-scheduler Architectures and Task Assignment Policies for High Throughput Computing. (2005)

(eng) In this paper we present a model and simulator for many clusters of heterogeneous PCs belonging to a local network. These clusters are assumed to be connected to each other through a global network and each cluster is managed via a local scheduler which is shared by many users. We validate our simulator by comparing the experimental and analytical results of a M/M/4 queuing system. These studies indicate that the simulator is consistent. Next, we do the comparison with a real batch system and we obtain an average error of 10.5\\% for the response time and 12\\% for the makespan. We conclude that the simulator is realistic and well describes the behaviour of a large-scale system. Thus we can study the scheduling of our system called \\dirac in a high throughput context. We justify our decentralized, adaptive and opportunistic approach in comparison to a centralized approach in such a context.\n(fre) Dans cet article, nous présentons une modélisation et un simulateur de grands systèmes de calcul distribué. Une telle plate-forme se compose de grappes de PCs hétérogènes appartenant à un réseau local inter-connectées entre elles par un réseau global. Ces grappes sont accessibles via un ordonnanceur local et sont partagées entre\nles utilisateurs. La confrontation du simulateur avec les résultats théoriques d’un système M/M/4 nous permet de conclure qu’il est analytiquement valide. Une deuxième\nconfrontation avec un système batch réel, nous donne une différence moyenne de 10.5\n%par rapport à la réalité pour les temps de réponse et de 12%pour le makespan. Notre\nsimulateur est donc réaliste et décrit le comportement d’un système de batch réel. Fort\nde cet outil, nous avons analysé l’ordonnancement de notre système (appelé DIRAC) dans un contexte de calcul intensif. Nous avons justifié l’approche distribuée, adaptative et opportuniste utilisée dans notre système par rapport à une approche centralisée.
[Daily hemodialysis of ultra-short duration with non-traumatic vascular access. Two cases]. (1990)

The authors report their experience on treating two patients, suffering end-stage renal disease, by daily hemodialysis of ultra-short duration with a non-traumatic vascular access. 90 minutes dialysis are realized 6 days a week. Clinical tolerance is excellent and patients' adhesion is satisfactory. However, despite reutilization of the dialyzer, the method remains costly.
Mid-infrared optical parametric generator with extra-wide (3–19-μm) tunability: applications for spectroscopy of two-dimensional electrons in quantum wells (1999)

Using a λ=2.8 µm pump makes it possible to take full advantage of notable nonlinear optical properties of the infrared crystals ZnGeP2, CdSe, and GaSe to achieve efficient mid-infrared frequency downconversion. Traveling-wave optical parametric generators with angular tuning were pumped by single 100-ps 2.8-µm Er,Cr:YSGG laser pulses. The continuous tuning range achieved was 3.9–10 µm (ZnGeP2), 3.57–4.3 and 8–13 µm (CdSe), and 3.3–19 µm (GaSe), with a quantum conversion efficiency of typically 10% and the lowest, to the author’s knowledge, threshold ever obtained for a traveling-wave optical parametric generator. A dual-wavelength optical parametric generator was used for nonlinear spectroscopy of intersubband transitions of conduction-band electrons, quantum confined in semiconductor quantum wells, as well as for the study of intersubband-based resonantly enhanced χ(2) in quantum wells.
Semantic Web Services Composition: A Network Analysis Approach (2007)

"Software as a service" approach has become a reality since efforts of both industry and research focused on service integration on the Web. It would be possible to see the true potential of such a distributed infrastructure when these services can be combined together as parts of a workflow in order to have a common functionality. The collective composition requires adaptive, dynamic systems such that all parties may be subject to unexpected changes. It also requires intelligent systems that are able to compose services as building blocks to generate a single service that meets user requirements. In this paper we present an agent based system that guides service discovery and service composition by integrating graph theory into the Web services domain.
Long-Term Progestin-Only Contraceptives Result in Reduced Endometrial Blood Flow and Oxidative Stress (2006)

We propose that LTPOCs result in hypoxia reperfusion, which leads to aberrant angiogenesis resulting in AUB.
Rapid integer ambiguity-fixing in precise point positioning (2012)

In this contribution,a method of isolating ionospheric delays,Satellite Phase Biases(SPBs) from a regional GPS network is presented to enable Precise Point Positioning(PPP) with rapid integer ambiguity-fixing.Experimental results based upon a reference station network whose inter-station distances range from 100~200 km demonstrate that the interpolation and extrapolation errors of the ionospheric delays are less than 1 dm,and the intra-day variation of the SPBs is no more than 0.2 cycles.Besides,starting from arbitrary epochs within the test day,the durations required for integer ambiguities fixing in PPP are at most 10 min,and after successful ambiguity-fixing,the obtainable accuracy of the 3-dimension positions can reach 80% improvements in contrast to their ambiguity-float counterparts.The proposed method is likely to overcome the long convergence behavior that is commonly experienced during PPP implementations and therefore promotes the practicability of the PPP.
Inversion of the resonance line of Sr^+ produced by optically pumping Sr atoms (1978)

We report inversion and lasing on the optically pumped resonance line of Sr+. A mode-locked frequency-doubled dye laser was tuned to excite the dipole-allowed two-electron transition, 5S(2) (1)S(0)-4d5p (3)P1(0), in Sr vapor. The same laser then ionized the excited atoms, selectively producing ions in the Sr+ 5p (2)p(3/2)(0) excited level. The inversion density with respect to the Sr+ ground level was approximately 10(13) cm(-3).
Association between the stress fracture and bone metabolism/quality markers in lacrosse players (2012)

These results suggest that osteoclast activity of female athletes with stress fractures may be enhanced by TRAP-5b.
Distribution of calcium and potassium in presynaptic nerve terminals from cerebellar cortex. (1987)

The elemental composition of the presynaptic nerve terminals in rapidly frozen synapses of the cerebellar molecular layer was determined by electron probe x-ray microanalysis and elemental imaging of characteristic x-rays. Elemental imaging of thin freeze-dried cryosections from fresh cerebellar slices frozen within 20 sec of removal from the brain showed normal concentrations of potassium (95 +/- 6 mmol/liter wet tissue +/- SEM) and calcium (0.8 +/- 0.4 mmol/liter) in whole presynaptic terminals, even though mitochondrial and nonmitochondrial sites containing up to 30 mmol of calcium per liter were present elsewhere in the neuropil. Quantitative electron probe analysis of synaptic vesicle clusters and intraterminal mitochondria indicated that their calcium concentrations were 0.4 +/- 0.1 and 1.2 +/- 0.2 mmol/liter, respectively. The low calcium content of presynaptic organelles was confirmed by the absence of detectable deposits in preparations freeze-substituted so as to stabilize calcium content. Similar experiments were carried out on cerebellar slices rapidly frozen after incubation in vitro. The distribution of potassium and calcium in presynaptic terminals of resting and depolarized (55 mM potassium) slices was qualitatively and quantitatively similar to that in freshly excised cortex, although resting slices lacked the few calcium-rich sites that appeared in other areas of the neuropil after stimulation. The calcium concentrations in whole terminals, synaptic vesicles, and mitochondria of resting slices were 1.4 +/- 0.7, 0.7 +/- 0.2, and 0.9 +/- 0.2 mmol/liter, respectively. Thus, amounts of calcium typical of storage organelles in other tissues are not present within cerebellar synaptic vesicles, suggesting that they have a limited role in calcium storage and release.
Towards a Self‐Adjuvanting Multivalent B and T cell Epitope Containing Synthetic Glycolipopeptide Cancer Vaccine (2008)

A new generation of synthetic cancer vaccine: the first self-adjuvanting vaccine prototype combining a cluster of B cell epitope, a CD4+ T helper cell epitope, a CD8+ T cell epitope, and an immunoadjuvant has been synthesized by a chemoselective strategy. Vaccination of mice with this molecularly defined construction induces a strong protection against tumors. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2452/2008/z700315_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Wireless energy harvesting for the Internet of Things (2015)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging computing concept that describes a structure in which everyday physical objects, each provided with unique identifiers, are connected to the Internet without requiring human interaction. Long-term and self-sustainable operation are key components for realization of such a complex network, and entail energy-aware devices that are potentially capable of harvesting their required energy from ambient sources. Among different energy harvesting methods, such as vibration, light, and thermal energy extraction, wireless energy harvesting (WEH) has proven to be one of the most promising solutions by virtue of its simplicity, ease of implementation, and availability. In this article, we present an overview of enabling technologies for efficient WEH, analyze the lifetime of WEH-enabled IoT devices, and briefly study the future trends in the design of efficient WEH systems and research challenges that lie ahead.
Effects of Reduction Temperature on H<sub>2</sub> Adsorption by Pt on Various Supports (1986)

The influence of reduction temperature on subsequent hydrogen chemisorption for Pt supported on magnesias, aluminas and silicalite is examined in this paper. Significant decreases in hydrogen chemisorption capacities with increasing reduction temperatures were observed for most catalysts. X-ray diffraction results showed that sintering of Pt was not the major cause for the suppression in adsorption uptakes. Poisoning of the Pt surface by substances which originate in the support and which migrate onto the Pt surface during reduction at elevated temperatures is the probable cause for the suppression of adsorption observed for Pt/MgO and Pt/silicalite. Adsorption suppression for Pt supported on sulfur-containing MgO was observed after reduction at temperatures as low as 350°C. For Pt/Al2O3, reduction at 700deg;C was required before significant decreases in hydrogen adsorption were observed.
Soluble adhesion molecules as markers for sepsis and the potential pathophysiological discrepancy in neonates, children and adults (2014)

Sepsis is a severe and life-threatening systemic inflammatory response to infection that affects all populations and age groups. The pathophysiology of sepsis is associated with aberrant interaction between leukocytes and the vascular endothelium. As inflammation progresses, the adhesion molecules that mediate these interactions become shed from cell surfaces and accumulate in the blood as soluble isoforms that are being explored as potential prognostic disease biomarkers. We critically review the studies that have tested the predictive value of soluble adhesion molecules in sepsis pathophysiology with emphasis on age, as well as the underlying mechanisms and potential roles for inflammatory shedding. Five soluble adhesion molecules are associated with sepsis, specifically, E-selectin, L-selectin and P-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. While increased levels of these soluble adhesion molecules generally correlate well with the presence of sepsis, their degree of elevation is still poorly predictive of sepsis severity scores, outcome and mortality. Separate analyses of neonates, children and adults demonstrate significant age-dependent discrepancies in both basal and septic levels of circulating soluble adhesion molecules. Additionally, a range of both clinical and experimental studies suggests protective roles for adhesion molecule shedding that raise important questions about whether these should positively or negatively correlate with mortality. In conclusion, while predictive properties of soluble adhesion molecules have been researched intensively, their levels are still poorly predictive of sepsis outcome and mortality. We propose two novel directions for improving clinical utility of soluble adhesion molecules: the combined simultaneous analysis of levels of adhesion molecules and their sheddases; and taking age-related discrepancies into account. Further attention to these issues may provide better understanding of sepsis pathophysiology and increase the usefulness of soluble adhesion molecules as diagnostic and predictive biomarkers.
Velocity valleys enable efficient capture and spatial sorting of nanoparticle-bound cancer cells (2015)

The development of strategies for isolating rare cells from complex matrices like blood is important for a wide variety of applications including the analysis of bloodborne cancer cells, infectious pathogens, and prenatal testing. Due to their high colloidal stability and surface-to-volume ratio, antibody-coated magnetic nanoparticles are excellent labels for cellular surface markers. Unfortunately, capture of nanoparticle-bound cells at practical flow rates is challenging due to the small volume, and thus low magnetic susceptibility, of magnetic nanoparticles. We have developed a means to capture nanoparticle-labeled cells using microstructures which create pockets of locally low linear velocity, termed velocity valleys. Cells that enter a velocity valley slow down momentarily, allowing the magnetic force to overcome the reduced drag force and trap the cells. Here, we describe a model for this mechanism of cell capture and use this model to guide the rational design of a device that efficiently captures rare cells and sorts them according to surface expression in complex matrices with greater than 10,000-fold specificity. By analysing the magnetic and drag forces on a cell, we calculate a threshold linear velocity for capture and relate this to the capture efficiency. We find that the addition of X-shaped microstructures enhances capture efficiency 5-fold compared to circular posts. By tuning the linear velocity, we capture cells with a 100-fold range of surface marker expression with near 100% efficiency and sort these cells into spatially distinct zones. By tuning the flow channel geometry, we reduce non-specific cell adhesion by 5-fold.
Fossil apes and human evolution (2021)

Humans diverged from apes (chimpanzees, specifically) toward the end of the Miocene ~9.3 million to 6.5 million years ago. Understanding the origins of the human lineage (hominins) requires reconstructing the morphology, behavior, and environment of the chimpanzee-human last common ancestor. Modern hominoids (that is, humans and apes) share multiple features (for example, an orthograde body plan facilitating upright positional behaviors). However, the fossil record indicates that living hominoids constitute narrow representatives of an ancient radiation of more widely distributed, diverse species, none of which exhibit the entire suite of locomotor adaptations present in the extant relatives. Hence, some modern ape similarities might have evolved in parallel in response to similar selection pressures. Current evidence suggests that hominins originated in Africa from Miocene ape ancestors unlike any living species.
Role of C5a-C5aR axis in the development of atherosclerosis (2014)

Complement component 5a (C5a) is a 74 amino acid glycoprotein and an important proinflammatory mediator that is cleaved enzymatically from its precursor, C5, on activation of the complement cascade. C5a is quickly metabolised by carboxypeptidases, forming the less-potent C5a desArg. C5a and C5a desArg interact with their receptors (C5aR and C5L2), which results in a number of effects which are essential to the immune response. C5a has a broad range of biological effects throughout the human body because the widespread expression of C5a receptors throughout the human organs enables C5a and C5a desArg to elicit a broad range of biological effects. Recently, accumulating evidence in humans and experimental animal models shows that the C5a-C5aR axis is involved in the development of atherosclerosis lesions. The absence or blockade of C5aRs greatly reduces the formation of atherosclerotic lesions or wire-injury-induced neointima formation in atherosclerosis-prone mice. Serum C5a level was related to the major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with advanced atherosclerosis and those with drug-eluting stent implantation. Thus, the C5a-C5aR axis may be a significant pathogenic driver of arteriosclerotic vascular disease, making C5a-C5aR inhibition an attractive therapeutic strategy.
Discovery of a Novel Small Molecule Inhibitor Targeting the Frataxin/Ubiquitin Interaction via Structure-Based Virtual Screening and Bioassays (2013)

Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive neuro- and cardiodegenerative disorder for which there are no proven effective treatments. FRDA is caused by decreased expression and/or function of the mitochondrial protein frataxin. Here, we report findings that frataxin is degraded via the ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway and that it is ubiquitinated at residue K(147) in Calu-6 cells. A theoretical model of the frataxin-K(147)/Ub complex, constructed by combining bioinformatics interface predictions with information-driven docking, revealed a hitherto unnoticed, potential ubiquitin-binding domain in frataxin. Through structure-based virtual screening and cell-based assays, we discovered a novel small molecule (compound (+)-11) able to prevent frataxin ubiquitination and degradation. (+)-11 was synthesized and tested for specific binding to frataxin by an UF-LC/MS based ligand-binding assay. Follow-up scaffold-based searches resulted in the identification of a lead series with micromolar activity in disrupting the frataxin/Ub interaction. This study also suggests that frataxin could be a potential target for FRDA drug development.
A novel ultra high-speed multi-layer table lookup method using TCAM for differentiated services in the Internet (2002)

This paper proposes ultra high-speed multi-layer table lookup method using ternary content-addressable memory (TCAM) for an ultra high-speed policy-based packet forwarding engine. It can store very wide policy rules in TCAM, whose width is limited. For IP version 6, policy rules could be 304 bits wide. This method enables us to use commercially available TCAM for multi-layer table lookups, and thus build an ultra high-speed packet forwarding engine for differentiated services in the Internet.
Silica-immobilized Methylobacterium sp. NP3 and Acinetobacter sp. PK1 degrade high concentrations of phenol (2011)

Wastewater from various industries contains high concentrations of phenol, which can cause wastewater treatment failure. Silica-immobilized bacteria could be applied in bioreactors to initially remove the phenol, thereby preventing phenol shock loads to the wastewater treatment system.
Quantitative Measures of Visceral Adiposity and Body Mass Index in Predicting Rectal Cancer Outcomes after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation (2013)

Visceral fat area to subcutaneous fat area ratio and PNF were strongly associated with key preoperative metabolic comorbidities, and body mass index was not. Findings suggests that elevated visceral adiposity was associated with an increased risk of recurrence, which was most evident among patients with well to moderately differentiated tumors and those with incomplete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation treatment. Quantitative measures of visceral adiposity warrant large-scale prospective evaluation.
<i>Clostridium difficile</i>and inflammatory bowel disease: Role in pathogenesis and implications in treatment (2013)

Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is the leading cause of antibiotic associated colitis and nosocomial diarrhea. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of developing C. difficile infection (CDI), have worse outcomes of CDI-including higher rates of colectomy and death, and experience higher rates of recurrence. However, it is still not clear whether C. difficile is a cause of IBD or a consequence of the inflammatory state in the intestinal environment. The burden of CDI has increased dramatically over the past decade, with severe outbreaks described in many countries, which have been attributed to a new and more virulent strain. A parallel rise in the incidence of CDI has been noted in patients with IBD. IBD patients with CDI tend be younger, have less prior antibiotic exposure, and most cases of CDI in these patients represent outpatient acquired infections. The clinical presentation of CDI in these patients can be unique-including diversion colitis, enteritis and pouchitis, and typical findings on colonoscopy are often absent. Due to the high prevalence of CDI in patients hospitalized with an IBD exacerbation, and the prognostic implications of CDI in these patients, it is recommended to test all IBD patients hospitalized with a disease flare for C. difficile. Treatment includes general measures such as supportive care and infection control measures. Antibiotic therapy with either oral metronidazole, vancomycin, or the novel antibiotic-fidaxomicin, should be initiated as soon as possible. Fecal macrobiota transplantation constitutes another optional treatment for severe/recurrent CDI. The aim of this paper is to review recent data on CDI in IBD: role in pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, optional treatments, and outcomes of these patients.