gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Nasal and Nasopharyngeal Swabs for Influenza Detection in Adults (2012)

Test sensitivity did not vary significantly by swab type when using a highly sensitive molecular diagnostic test, but power was limited to detect modest differences.
An extraction of repeating patterns from OPCed layout data (2008)

As the feature size of LSI becomes smaller, the increase of mask manufacturing cost is becoming critical. Association of Super-Advanced Electronics Technologies (ASET) started a 4-year project aiming at the reduction of mask manufacturing cost and TAT by the optimization of MDP, mask writing, and mask inspection in 2006 under the sponsorship of New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO). In the project, the optimization is being pursued from the viewpoints of "common data format", "pattern prioritization", "repeating patterns", and "parallel processing" in MDP, mask writing, and mask inspection. In the total optimization, "repeating patterns" are applied to the mask writing using character projection (CP) and efficient review in mask inspection. In this paper, we describe a new method to find repeating patterns from OPCed layout data after fracturing. We found that using the new method efficient extraction of repeating patterns even from OPCed layout data is possible and shot count of mask writing decreases greatly.
Ortho-substituted iodobenzenes as novel organocatalysts for bromination of alkenes (2006)

Suitably ortho-substituted iodobenzenes act as organocatalysts for the transfer of electrophilic bromine from N-bromosuccinimide to alkenes via the intermediacy of bromoiodinanes.
Surface micromachined capacitive ultrasonic immersion transducers (2002)

Major steps used in fabricating surface micromachined capacitive ultrasonic immersion transducers are investigated. Such steps include membrane formation and cavity sealing under vacuum. Three transducer membrane structures are evaluated: a nitride membrane with an LTO sacrificial layer; a polysilicon membrane with an LTO sacrificial layer; and a nitride membrane with a polysilicon sacrificial layer. The major differences in the three processes are the conductivity, dielectric constant and residual stress of the membrane. Three vacuum sealing mechanisms are compared, each of which requires a different degree of lithographic sophistication, and results in a sealed cavity. Submicron via sealing requires sophisticated lithography, but is amenable to LPCVD nitride, LTO and other sealing procedures. Standard g-line lithography results in vias which seal only with high sticking coefficient species, such as LTO. A novel etch channel structure, which results in lateral sealing and requires neither sophisticated lithography nor a particular sealing is demonstrated. The experiments in the paper are guided by theoretical analysis and computer simulations when applicable. The optimized process based on a nitride membrane with a polysilicon sacrificial layer results in devices which have a broad band 50 /spl Omega/ real part impedance in the megahertz range. In addition, a transducer dynamic range in excess of 100 dB is achieved with an untuned bandwidth of 50%. The fabrication techniques and results herein reported indicate that surface micromachined capacitive ultrasonic transducers are an alternative to piezoelectric transducers in immersion applications.
Monohydric Alcohols (1981)

Alcohols can be regarded as hydroxyl derivatives of hydrocarbons. They can be characterized by the number of hydroxyl groups (monohydric, dihydric, etc.), according to their structure (primary, secondary or tertiary), and by the structure of the hydrocarbon function to which the hydroxyl is attached (aliphatic, cyclic, saturated or unsaturated).
Fast algorithms for discrete and continuous wavelet transforms (1992)

Several algorithms are reviewed for computing various types of wavelet transforms: the Mallat algorithm (1989), the 'a trous' algorithm, and their generalizations by Shensa. The goal of this work is to develop guidelines for implementing discrete and continuous wavelet transforms efficiently, and to compare the various algorithms obtained and give an idea of possible gains by providing operation counts. Most wavelet transform algorithms compute sampled coefficients of the continuous wavelet transform using the filter bank structure of the discrete wavelet transform. Although this general method is already efficient, it is shown that noticeable computational savings can be obtained by applying known fast convolution techniques, such as the FFT (fast Fourier transform), in a suitable manner. The modified algorithms are termed 'fast' because of their ability to reduce the computational complexity per computed coefficient from L to log L (within a small constant factor) for large filter lengths L. For short filters, smaller gains are obtained: 'fast running FIR (finite impulse response) filtering' techniques allow one to achieve typically 30% savings in computations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
LiNbO<sub>3</sub> Single Crystal Layer Transfer Techniques for High Performances RF Filters (2010)

In this paper we present the realization of engineered substrates based on thin single crystal piezoelectric layers. Their potential interest for next generation of ultra wide band RF filters has been demonstrated. For this purpose we propose two different methods to transfer a thin monocrystalline layer: the Smart Cut{trade mark, serif} technology and a "bond and etch back" technology. Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3) has been chosen for its high electromechanical coupling factor of about 45% for bulk acoustic waves but also for its availability as single crystal wafers diameters up to 6 inches. Engineered substrate process, material and electrical characterizations are presented. The first objective of this study is to demonstrate LiNbO3 piezoelectric property preservation after processes whatever the used technology. High overtone Bulk Acoustic Resonators have been used as test vehicles to characterize these layers so as to evaluate layer transfer achievement of sub micron single crystal LiNbO3.
The Growth of Intermetallic Compounds on Common Basis Materials Coated with Tin and Tin-Lead Alloys (1976)

SummaryThis paper is the second in a series which reports the results of experiments to determine the rate of compound growth at temperatures below the melting point of tin and tin alloy coatings on various metals and the effect of compounds so formed on the mechanical and physical properties of joints. The present report deals with hard and soft copper, nickel, silver and brass as substrates plated with coatings of tin and tin-lead alloys containing 60%, 30% and 10% tin and also a hot dipped 60/40 tin-lead coating, stored at various controlled temperatures and at room temperature. Growth rate curves have been experimentally determined based on storage times up to nearly 5 years. Activation energies have been calculated from Arrhenius plots and these allow estimations of the rate of compound growth at any temperature intermediate between those studied. The compound layers have been identified and it is shown that lead does not enter into the compound layers and that for brass substrates the two compounds observed contain zinc. With the exception of the nickel basis material, all systems are found to show a fast initial growth rate followed by a region of slower growth rate which obeys classical laws.
Seismoelectric monitoring of producing oilfields: A review. (2003)

Seismoelectric phenomena associated with seismic waves and activities have been observed in the laboratory and field for several decades. Geophysical techniques using active seismic sources such as reflection seismic can be modified to adapt the requirements for seismoelectric surveys and observations. Electrokinetic potential is a candidate mechanism to explain the seismoelectric phenomena observed in surveys using artificial seismic sources. Coupled electrokinetic signals are observed at the surface or in the borehole using grounded dipole antennas. Efficient power-line and telluric noise (using remote-referencing) reduction is essential to improve the weak amplitude of the seismoelectric signals. Preamplifier and analog notch filtering of the signals are valuable tools in this regard. Properties of pore fluids and solid matrix can be estimated using the linear relationship between seismic and its accompanying seismoelectric waveforms, which make the technique a possible tool for characterization of porous media. Simultaneous multi-component seismic recording will be a key contribution to estimate the rock and fluid properties of interest. The delay traveltime concept associated with the seismoelectric signals generated by the positive holes mechanism makes it a plausible tool for monitoring seismically active environments undergoing natural or induced microfracturing such as producing oilfields. A processed pilot study using an array of pairs of grounded dipoles over an active area should be able to evaluate the ability of the technique in monitoring of the microfracturing process.
Tripodal benzimidazolate complexes of tricarbonylmolybdenum(0) and of iron(III) (1990)

The reactions of the tripodal ligands N,N-bis(benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine (L1), N,N-bis(benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)methylamine (L2), and N,N-bis(1 -methylbenzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)-methylamine (L3) with molybdenum hexacarbonyl and tris(acetonitrile)tricarbonylmolybdenum to give (benzimidazolato)tricarbonylmolybdenum complexes, and of L1 and L3 with iron(III) salts to give di-iron(III) complexes containing the [Fe2(µ-O)(µ-RCO2)2]2+ core are described. The application of the molybdenum complexes as i.r. spectroscopic probes for the ligand bands in the dinuclear species is reported, together with the mass spectra and electronic spectra of the di-iron(III) species. The di-iron(III) complexes show an ability to undergo carboxylate exchange reactions.
Is It Live or Is It AR? (2007)

By blending digital creations with our view of the world, augmented reality is set to transform the way we entertain and educate ourselves. Mobile mixed reality call forth new media forms that skillfully combine the present and the past, historical fact and its interpretation, entertainment and learning. AR and mobile technology have the potential to make the world into a stage on which we can be the actors, participating in history as drama or simply playing a game in the space before us.
Engulfment of Apoptotic Cells by Macrophages: A Role of MicroRNA-21 in the Resolution of Wound Inflammation (2014)

At an injury site, efficient clearance of apoptotic cells by wound macrophages or efferocytosis is a prerequisite for the timely resolution of inflammation. Emerging evidence indicates that microRNA-21 (miR-21) may regulate the inflammatory response. In this work, we sought to elucidate the significance of miR-21 in the regulation of efferocytosis-mediated suppression of innate immune response, a key process implicated in resolving inflammation following injury. An increased expression of inducible miR-21 was noted in postefferocytotic peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages. Such induction of miR-21 was associated with silencing of its target genes PTEN and PDCD4. Successful efferocytosis of apoptotic cells by monocyte-derived macrophages resulted in the suppression of LPS-induced NF-κB activation and TNF-α expression. Interestingly, bolstering of miR-21 levels alone, using miR mimic, resulted in significant suppression of LPS-induced TNF-α expression and NF-κB activation. We report that efferocytosis-induced miR-21, by silencing PTEN and GSK3β, tempers the LPS-induced inflammatory response. Macrophage efferocytosis is known to trigger the release of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. This study demonstrates that following successful efferocytosis, miR-21 induction in macrophages silences PDCD4, favoring c-Jun-AP-1 activity, which in turn results in elevated production of anti-inflammatory IL-10. In summary, this work provides direct evidence implicating miRNA in the process of turning on an anti-inflammatory phenotype in the postefferocytotic macrophage. Elevated macrophage miR-21 promotes efferocytosis and silences target genes PTEN and PDCD4, which in turn accounts for a net anti-inflammatory phenotype. Findings of this study highlight the significance of miRs in the resolution of wound inflammation.
Beneficial health effects of low-digestible carbohydrate consumption (2001)

Low-digestible carbohydrates represent a class of enzyme-resistant saccharides that have specific effects on the human gastrointestinal tract. in the small bowel, they affect nutrient digestion and absorption, glucose and lipid metabolism and protect against known risk factors of cardiovascular disease. In the colon they are mainly degraded by anaerobic bacteria in a process called fermentation. As a consequence, faecal nitrogen excretion is enhanced, which is used clinically to prevent or treat hepatic encephalopathy. Low-digestible carbohydrates are trophic to the epithelia of the ileum and colon, which helps to avoid bacterial translocation. Short-chain fatty acids are important fermentation products and are evaluated as new therapeutics in acute colitis. They are considered in the primary prevention of colorectal cancer. The bifidogenic effect of fructo-oligosaccharides merits further attention, Unfermented carbohydrates increase faecal bulk and play a role in the treatment of chronic functional constipation, symptomatic diverticulosis and, possibly, the irritable bowel syndrome. In conclusion, low-digestible carbohydrates may play a role in the maintenance of human digestive health. However, the strength of evidence differs between disease entities.
Antigen Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Specific Detection of Reston Ebola Virus Nucleoprotein (2003)

Antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is one of the most useful methods to detect Ebola virus rapidly. We previously developed an antigen capture ELISA using a monoclonal antibody (MAb), 3-3D, which reacted not only to the nucleoprotein (NP) of Zaire Ebola virus (EBO-Z) but also to the NPs of Sudan (EBO-S) and Reston Ebola (EBO-R) viruses. In this study, we developed antigen capture ELISAs using two novel MAbs, Res2-6C8 and Res2-1D8, specific to the NP of EBO-R. Res2-6C8 and Res2-1D8 recognized epitopes consisting of 4 and 8 amino acid residues, respectively, near the C-terminal region of the EBO-R NP. The antigen capture ELISAs using these two MAbs detected the EBO-R NP in the tissues from EBO-R-infected cynomolgus macaques. The antigen capture ELISAs using Res2-6C8 and Res2-1D8 are useful for the rapid detection of the NP in EBO-R-infected cynomolgus macaques.
<i>N</i> -naphthoyl-β-naltrexamine (NNTA), a highly selective and potent activator of μ/κ-opioid heteromers (2011)

Numerous G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been shown to form heteromeric receptors in cell-based assays. Among the many heteromers reported in the opioid receptor family are μ/κ, κ/δ, and μ/δ. However, the in vivo physiological and behavioral relevance for the proposed heteromers have not yet been established. Here we report a unique example of a ligand, N-naphthoyl-β-naltrexamine (NNTA) that selectively activates heteromeric μ/κ-opioid receptors in HEK-293 cells and induces potent antinociception in mice. NNTA was an exceptionally potent agonist in cells expressing μ/κ-opioid receptors. Intriguingly, it was found to be a potent antagonist in cells expressing only μ-receptors. In the mouse tail-flick assay, intrathecal (i.t.) NNTA produced antinociception that was ~100-fold greater than by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration. The κ-antagonist, norBNI, decreased the i.t. potency, and the activity was virtually abolished in μ-opioid receptor knockout mice. No tolerance was induced i.t., but marginal tolerance (3-fold) was observed via the i.c.v. route. Moreover, NNTA produced neither significant physical dependence nor place preference in the ED50 dose range. Taken together, this work provides an important pharmacologic tool for investigating the in vivo functional relevance of heteromeric μ/κ-opioid receptors and suggests an approach to potent analgesics with fewer deleterious side effects.
Metal Fluorides as Lithium-Ion Battery Materials: An Atomic Layer Deposition Perspective (2018)

Lithium-ion batteries are the enabling technology for a variety of modern day devices, including cell phones, laptops and electric vehicles. To answer the energy and voltage demands of future applications, further materials engineering of the battery components is necessary. To that end, metal fluorides could provide interesting new conversion cathode and solid electrolyte materials for future batteries. To be applicable in thin film batteries, metal fluorides should be deposited with a method providing a high level of control over uniformity and conformality on various substrate materials and geometries. Atomic layer deposition (ALD), a method widely used in microelectronics, offers unrivalled film uniformity and conformality, in conjunction with strict control of film composition. In this review, the basics of lithium-ion batteries are shortly introduced, followed by a discussion of metal fluorides as potential lithium-ion battery materials. The basics of ALD are then covered, followed by a review of some conventional lithium-ion battery materials that have been deposited by ALD. Finally, metal fluoride ALD processes reported in the literature are comprehensively reviewed. It is clear that more research on the ALD of fluorides is needed, especially transition metal fluorides, to expand the number of potential battery materials available.
Photo Sensor for Glass Primer Application When Bonding Windshield (1991)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A new sensor has been developed for use in window glass Bonding on automated and unmanned lines to determine the application condition of primer on window glass.This sensor uses light transmission to detect whether primer (black) has been applied to the portion of the window glass which is coated with a ceramic coating (black). This makes it possible for inspection to be carried out at the same time as a single robot is applying primer to the window glass, assuring outstanding cost performance.</div>
Synthesis and preliminary pharmacologic studies on 1-(4-pyridyl)- and 6-methoxy-1-(4-pyridyl)-beta-carboline. (1975)

1-(4-pyridyl) and 6-methoxy-1-(4-pyridyl)-beta-carboline were synthesized by dehydrogenation of 1-(4-pyridyl)-1,2-3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline and 6-methoxy-1-(4-pyridyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline, and their central action was studied pharmacologically. In the doses employed neither preparation showed significant sedative, analgesic or antidepressant activity.
Substituted polyacetylenes (2006)

Abstract This article reviews the chemistry of substituted polyacetylenes developed by our research group, more specifically, development of polymerization catalyst, synthesis of new polymers, elucidation of their structure, investigation of their properties, and development of their functions. The main features are as follows: a number of catalysts based on group 5, 6, and 9 transition metals (Nb, Ta, Mo, W, and Rh) have been developed, which include living polymerization catalysts. By using these catalysts, many new substituted polyacetylenes have been synthesized, whose molecular weights are very high ( M w = 10 4 −10 6 ). Most of the polymers are soluble in many common solvents and stable enough in the air unlike polyacetylene. Some of these polymers exhibit interesting functions including high gas permeability and photoelectronic properties. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 165–180, 2007
Selection of Ablation Catheters, Energy Sources, and Power Delivery (2008)

The primary purpose of lesion-forming technologies in atrial fibrillation is to create safe and effective myocardial lesions in a reasonable time frame while avoiding collateral damage. The complex anatomy of the left atrium creates unique difficulties for any lesion-forming technology employed in the ablation of atrial fibrillation. Unfortunately, the ideal energy source for the treatment of atrial fibrillation has yet to be developed, and thus multiple different technologies are still used. Lesion-forming technologies currently employed in the treatment of atrial fibrillation include radio-frequency energy, cryothermal energy, and high-intensity focused ultrasound. This review touches on the basic principles behind each of these technologies and highlights the advantages and limitations of their use in the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Finally, we briefly review some evolving strategies for the treatment of atrial fibrillation, including the use of lasers, microwaves, and Beta-irradiation as well as the injection of autologous fibroblasts.
New Pig for Gas Pipeline Crack Inspections - Enhancements Derived from 5 Years' Operational Experience (2008)

This paper will summarize the evolution of the EMAT technology since GE’s initial product launch in 2002. A key focus of this paper will be outlining several tool and analysis enhancements that result from the evaluation of over a 1000kms of EmatScan CD pipeline inspection and 250 field confirmations. These tool and analysis enhancements are now incorporated in GE’s new 30 inch Third Generation EmatScan (Gen III EMAT) In Line Inspection (ILI) tool
Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD) Shohat type (1994)

Recently a distinct spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD) was reported in three members of a Jewish family. We present a 3.5-year-old Mexican boy with disproportionate short stature, peculiar face, short neck, small chest, abdominal distension, lumbar lordosis, short limbs, marked genua vara, and joint laxity. Roentgenologic findings include short long bones, wide and flared metaphyses with irregularities, delayed epiphyseal ossification, platyspondyly and morphological changes of vertebral bodies and fibular overgrowth. The striking resemblance of this patient to those previously reported confirms this form of SEMD as a distinct entity. Autosomal recessive inheritance is supported and the designation SEMD Shohat type is proposed.
Enhancing Protein Expression in HEK-293 Cells by Lowering Culture Temperature (2015)

Animal cells and cell lines, such as HEK-293 cells, are commonly cultured at 37°C. These cells are often used to express recombinant proteins. Having a higher expression level or a higher protein yield is generally desirable. As we demonstrate in this study, dropping culture temperature to 33°C, but not lower, 24 hours after transient transfection in HEK-293S cells will give rise to ~1.5-fold higher expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors. By following the time course of the GFP-expressing cells growing at 37°C and 33°C from 24 hours after transfection (including 19 hours recovery at 37°C in the normal growth medium), we found that a mild hypothermia (i.e., 33°C) reduces the growth rate of HEK-293S cells, while increasing cellular productivity of recombinant proteins. As a result, green cells remain undivided in a longer period of time. Not surprisingly, the property of a recombinant protein expressed in the cells grown at 33°C is unaffected, as shown by the use of AMPA receptors. We further demonstrate with the use of PC12 cells that this method may be especially useful when a recombinant protein is difficult to express using a chemical-based, transient transfection method.