gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dense 3D Map Construction for Indoor Search and Rescue (2007)

Abstract The main contribution of this paper is a new simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithm for building dense three‐dimensional maps using information acquired from a range imager and a conventional camera, for robotic search and rescue in unstructured indoor environments. A key challenge in this scenario is that the robot moves in 6D and no odometry information is available. An extended information filter (EIF) is used to estimate the state vector containing the sequence of camera poses and some selected 3D point features in the environment. Data association is performed using a combination of scale invariant feature transformation (SIFT) feature detection and matching, random sampling consensus (RANSAC), and least square 3D point sets fitting. Experimental results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the techniques developed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Atopic dermatitis - from new pathophysiologic insights to individualized therapy (2011)

Recently, important novel insights into the complex pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) have been gained. However, in most cases the therapy of AD is limited to base line therapy with emollients combined with symptomatic, rather general immunosuppressive treatment approaches of the flare-ups. Latest research findings together with experiences from daily clinical practice, which support the concept that a combination of general disease features together with specific trigger factors in the individual patients drive the disease, might be helpful for a subclassification of patients with AD based on the most relevant pathophysiologic modifications. Subclassification of patients with AD seems indispensable to introduce rationale-based, individualized treatment approaches of AD, which target specific modified pathways. In this review, we provide an overview about a selection of pathophysiologic pathways, which hold promise to represent targets of such therapeutic approaches in the near future.
Nontoxic Orbital Maneuvering and Reaction Control Systems for Reusable Spacecraft (1998)

Toxic propellants have a high ground operations cost because of the potential hazards that require extensive safety precautions, particularly for reusable spacecraft. Nontoxic propellants for orbital maneuvering and reaction control systems have received periodic attention since the late 1960s as new reusable vehicles and upgrades to existing vehicles are proposed. This paper discusses the spacecraft requirements that drive propellant selections, the viable candidates for nontoxic propellants, and the system concepts and technologies required. Options for nontoxic propellants are also discussed, which are categorized as monopropellants, storable bipropellants, and cryogenic oxygen-based bipropellants. Monopropellants provide inherently simple systems and are most suited to low total impulse systems. Hydrogen peroxide and kerosene is a promising storable bipropellant in terms of its density, specie c impulse, and low toxicity for long-duration spacecraft on-orbit propulsion systems. This combination can be made hypergolic, which renders it a very effective replacement for currently used storable propellants. The hypergolic characteristics of kerosene with additives and high-concentration hydrogen peroxide are presented in detail. Higher-performance liquid oxygen and alcohol or hydrocarbon fuels are advantageous for reusable propulsion systems that emphasize e uid commonality with other spacecraft systems and for human exploration missions where in-situ propellant production is foreseen. The prospects for further research work on all of these propellants are also discussed.
Segmentation and pre-recognition of Arabic handwriting (2005)

We propose a novel algorithm for the segmentation and prerecognition of offline handwritten Arabic text. Our character segmentation method over-segments each word, and then removes extra breakpoints using knowledge of letter shapes. On a test set of 200 images, 92.3% of the segmentation points were detected correctly, with 5.1% instances of over-segmentation. The prerecognition component annotates each detected letter with shape information, to be used for recognition in future work.
Immunologic Reconstitution in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (1986)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Aug 1986Immunologic Reconstitution in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome H.C. Lane, and A.S. Fauci H.C. LaneH.C. Lane More articles by this author , and A.S. FauciA.S. Fauci More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)44961-5AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Immunologic Reconstitution in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome." The Journal of Urology, 136(2), p. 547 © 1986 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 136Issue 2August 1986Page: 547 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1986 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information H.C. Lane More articles by this author A.S. Fauci More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
Molecular Compounds. VIII. Evidence for the Existence of 2:1 and 1:2-Complexes in Chloroform Solutions of 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene and N,N-Dimethylaniline (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular Compounds. VIII. Evidence for the Existence of 2:1 and 1:2-Complexes in Chloroform Solutions of 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene and N,N-DimethylanilineSidney D. Ross and Mortimer M. LabesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 1, 76–80Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1957https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01558a020Request reuse permissionsArticle Views67Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (558 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Costs of medical and supportive care for persons with AIDS (1989)

Director, AIDS Research Group Chair, Division on Aging Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
Flow, dissolution, and precipitation in dolomite (2003)

The evolution of hydraulic conductivity and porosity during the process of dedolomitization was examined in a series of laboratory experiments by analyzing the effects of concurrent dolomite dissolution and calcium carbonate precipitation. Linear flow experiments were performed in columns of crushed sucrosic dolomite by injecting different concentrations of HCl at various flow rates. Temporal changes in head gradient were used to calculate overall hydraulic conductivities of each column, while chemical analyses of the effluent acid enabled estimation of porosity changes during the experiments. After each experiment, the rock samples were retrieved and sectioned in order to study the pore space geometry, micromorphology, and mineral concentrations. A range of injected HCl concentrations and flow rates was identified which leads to oscillations in the effective hydraulic conductivity and porosity of the evolving rock samples; in all cases, however, the porous medium ultimately clogged. Short‐term experiments were also used to study the formation of dissolution and precipitation bands along the columns. Under the experimental conditions, dolomite dissolution is a reaction rate controlled process; experiments indicated that, as such, the flow rate and the pH of the injected fluid affect dissolution only during the initial stages, when calcium carbonate is dissolved. On the other hand, both the flow rate and the pH of the injected fluid strongly influence the precipitation process throughout the duration of the experiments because higher flow rates retard nucleation. These findings are in qualitative accordance with field observations of dolomite formations.
Knowledge discovery in metabolomics: An overview of MS data handling (2010)

While metabolomics attempts to comprehensively analyse the small molecules characterising a biological system, MS has been promoted as the gold standard to study the wide chemical diversity and range of concentrations of the metabolome. On the other hand, extracting the relevant information from the overwhelming amount of data generated by modern analytical platforms has become an important issue for knowledge discovery in this research field. The appropriate treatment of such data is therefore of crucial importance in order, for the data, to provide valuable information. The aim of this review is to provide a broad overview of the methodologies developed to handle and process MS metabolomic data, compare the samples and highlight the relevant metabolites, starting from the raw data to the biomarker discovery. As data handling can be further separated into data processing, data pre-treatment and data analysis, recent advances in each of these steps are detailed separately.
Micromorphological Studies of Lithium Electrodes in Alkyl Carbonate Solutions Using in Situ Atomic Force Microscopy (2000)

The morphology of lithium electrodes in a variety of alkyl carbonate solutions was studied using in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM). We made use of a workstation specially built for the study of highly reactive electrochemical systems by AFM and other scanning probe techniques, based on an evacuable, vibration-protected glovebox. The electrolyte solution used was composed of propylene carbonate (PC), mixtures of ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and Li salts from the following list: LiPF6, LiClO4, LiAsF6, LiN(SO2CF3)2, LiN(SO2CF2CF3)2, and LiC(SO2CF3)3. We studied the effect of solution composition, prolonged storage, Li deposition, and dissolution at low and high current densities. The AFM imaging of these systems shows the complicated morphology of the Li electrodes that depend on the solution composition. We were able to clearly follow the nonuniform nature of Li deposition and dissolution in these systems. We were also able to follow by in situ AFM imaging critical events such as the onset of dendrite formation and the breakdown and repair of the surface films on lithium during Li dissolution at high current densities. The basic morphology of Li electrodes in alkyl carbonate solutions and the condition for the reversible behavior of Li electrodes is discussed.
Quantum randomness and free will (2010)

Both deterministic and indeterministic physical laws are incompatible with control by genuine (non-illusory) free will. We propose that an indeterministic dynamics can be $weakly$ compatible with free will (FW), whereby the latter acts by altering the probability distribution over allowed outcomes. In the quantum physical world, such a FW can collapse the wave function, introducing deviations from the Born rule. In principle, this deviation would stand in conflict with both special relativity and (a variant of) the Strong Church-Turing thesis, implying that the brain may be an arena of exotic, non-standard physics. However, in practice, these deviations would not be directly or easily observable, because they occur in sub-neuronal superpositions in the brain, where they would be shrouded in random measurement errors, noise and statistical fluctuations. Our result elucidates the difference between the FW of human observers and that of observed particles in the Free Will Theorem. This difference is a basic reason for why FW (and, in general, consciousness) cannot be recreated by standard artificial intelligence (AI) technology. We propose various neurobiological experiments to test our proposed theory. We speculate that for observers to be aware of a physical theory such as quantum mechanics, FW is necessary and that the theory must therefore not be universal. We suggest that FW may be regarded as a primitive principle in Nature for explaining quantum indeterminism.
Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor Induces Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells in an <i>In vivo</i> Model of Spontaneous Metastatic Breast Cancer (2004)

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors are rapidly emerging as a new generation of therapeutic drug in combination with chemotherapy or radiation therapy for the treatment of cancer. The mechanisms underlying its antitumor effects are not fully understood and more thorough preclinical trials are needed to determine if COX-2 inhibition represents a useful approach for prevention and/or treatment of breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the growth inhibitory mechanism of a highly selective COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, in an in vivo oncogenic mouse model of spontaneous breast cancer that resembles human disease. The oncogenic mice carry the polyoma middle T antigen driven by the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter and develop primary adenocarcinomas of the breast. Results show that oral administration of celecoxib caused significant reduction in mammary tumor burden associated with increased tumor cell apoptosis and decreased proliferation in vivo. In vivo apoptosis correlated with significant decrease in activation of protein kinase B/Akt, a cell survival signaling kinase, with increased expression of the proapoptotic protein Bax and decreased expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. In addition, celecoxib treatment reduced levels of proangiogenic factor (vascular endothelial growth factor), suggesting a role of celecoxib in suppression of angiogenesis in this model. Results from these preclinical studies will form the basis for assessing the feasibility of celecoxib therapy alone or in combination with conventional therapies for treatment and/or prevention of breast cancer.
Coming to Grips With the Aral Sea's Grim Legacy (1999)

NUKUS, UZBEKISTAN--
 Decades of zealous Soviet efforts to increase cotton yields in central Asia have changed the Aral Sea from a vast body of fresh water teeming with fish to a salty remnant that has marooned ports and killed the fishing industry. Now a major campaign is under way to improve the region9s drinking water, revamp its agricultural practices, and sustain its biodiversity. The goal, however, is not to restore the Aral to its former grandeur--even local officials are resigned to the sea9s eventual breakup into three lakes--but to assuage the disaster9s social consequences and avert a scramble or even a war over water among the fledgling democracies in central Asia.
Absolute S- and P-plane polarization efficiencies for high frequency holographic gratings in the VUV (1981)

High frequency plane gratings (3500 and 3600 gr/mm) have been holographically ruled and blazed for the VUV spectral region. All gratings were coated with 70 nm Al + 25 nm MgF(2). Absolute unpolarized and S-and P-plane polarization efficiencies have been measured for the first and second orders in the 120- to 450 -nm spectral region at 18.5 and 30 degrees angles of deviation. For deep grooves, anomalous features are more pronounced for the P-plane polarization efficiency than for the S-plane polarization efficiency. Holographic gratings can be tailored to produce high polarization or low polarization in the VUV. For comparison, efficiencies and polarization of the best conventional high frequency gratings were also determined. Measurements show that scattered light is significantly lower for holographic gratings in the VUV when compared with the conventional gratings.
Small-size 72-GHz-band transceiver modules utilizing IF self-heterodyne transmission technology (2003)

A 72 GHz-band transceiver is developed for millimeter-wave short-range wireless access systems. To eliminate an oscillator for the receiver and to avoid the degradation of the signal quality due to the phase noise of a transmitter oscillator, we employ a novel IF self-heterodyne transmission scheme. For multi-chip modules (MCMs), coplanar devices are mounted in multi-layer LTCC packages. At an IF frequency of 4.4 GHz and an RF frequency of 72.4 GHz, an output power of 6.6 dBm at 1 dB gain compression point is obtained for the transmitter. For two-tone RF signals of 71.8 and 72.4 GHz, the receiver provides an IF output power of -50 dBm at a total input power of -40 dBm. The total size of the transmitter, receiver and DC power supply/control boards is 89 mm/spl times/83 mm.
A Roadmap for Academic Health Centers to Establish Good Laboratory Practice–Compliant Infrastructure (2012)

Prior to human clinical trials, nonclinical safety and toxicology studies are required to demonstrate that a new product appears safe for human testing; these nonclinical studies are governed by good laboratory practice (GLP) regulations. As academic health centers (AHCs) embrace the charge to increase the translation of basic science research into clinical discoveries, researchers at these institutions increasingly will be conducting GLP-regulated nonclinical studies. Because the consequences for noncompliance are severe and many AHC researchers are unfamiliar with Food and Drug Administration regulations, the authors describe the regulatory requirements for conducting GLP research, including the strict documentation requirements, the necessary personnel training, the importance of study monitoring, and the critical role that compliance oversight plays in the process. They then explain the process that AHCs interested in conducting GLP studies should take before the start of their research program, including conducting a needs assessment and a gap analysis and selecting a model for GLP compliance. Finally, the authors identify and analyze several critical barriers to developing and implementing a GLP-compliant infrastructure at an AHC. Despite these challenges, the capacity to perform such research will help AHCs to build and maintain competitive research programs and to facilitate the successful translation of faculty-initiated research from nonclinical studies to first-in-human clinical trials.
Performance of an Integrated Coherent Receiver Module for up to 160G DP-QPSK Transmission Systems (2011)

A coherent receiver module is presented, comprising two optical 90 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> hybrids monolithically integrated with eight waveguide p-i-n photodiodes in balanced configuration and two dual-channel linear transimpedance amplifiers. Its performance is demonstrated by transmitting up to 160 Gb/s dual-polarization quadrature phase-shift keying signals over 610 km standard single-mode fiber.
Quinolones Share a Common Interaction Domain on Topoisomerase II with Other DNA Cleavage-Enhancing Antineoplastic Drugs (1997)

Topoisomerase II is the cytotoxic target for a number of clinically relevant antineoplastic drugs. Despite the fact that these agents differ significantly in structure, a previous study [Corbett, A. H., Hong, D., & Osheroff, N. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 14394-14398] indicated that the site of action for etoposide on topoisomerase II overlaps those of other DNA cleavage-enhancing drugs. Therefore, to further define interactions between drugs and the enzyme, the functional interaction domain (i.e., interaction domain defined by drug function) for quinolones on Drosophila topoisomerase II was mapped with respect to several classes of antineoplastic agents. This was accomplished by characterizing the effects of ciprofloxacin (a gyrase-targeted antibacterial quinolone) on the ability of etoposide, amsacrine, genistein, and the antineoplastic quinolone, CP-115,953, to enhance topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cleavage. Although ciprofloxacin interacts with the eukaryotic type II enzyme, it shows little ability to stimulate DNA cleavage. Ciprofloxacin attenuated cleavage enhancement by all of the above drugs. Similar results were obtained using a related quinolone, CP-80,080, as a competitor. In addition, kinetic analysis of DNA cleavage indicated that ciprofloxacin is a competitive inhibitor of CP-115,953 and etoposide. Finally, ciprofloxacin inhibited the cytotoxic actions of CP-115,953 and etoposide in mammalian cells to an extent that paralleled its in vitro attenuation of cleavage. These results strongly suggest that several structurally disparate DNA cleavage-enhancing antineoplastic drugs share an overlapping site of action on topoisomerase II. Based on the results of drug competition and mutagenesis studies, a model for the drug interaction domain on topoisomerase II is described.
Capsular polysaccharide synthesis in <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> serotype 14: molecular analysis of the complete <i>cps</i> locus and identification of genes encoding glycosyltransferases required for the biosynthesis of the tetrasaccharide subunit (1997)

We have reported previously on seven genes (cps14B-H) of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 14, which are part of the type 14 capsular polysaccharide synthesis (cps14) locus. This study describes the cloning and sequencing of the remaining part of the cps14 locus. The entire cps14 gene cluster consists of 12 open reading genes (cps14A to cps14L), which appear to be arranged as a single transcriptional unit. The flanking regions of the cps14 locus contain vestiges of insertion elements. Moreover, a 115-bp-long repeated DNA element, which is also present in several other intergenic regions on the pneumococcal chromosome, has been identified upstream of cps14A. All 12 open reading frames (ORFs) were inactivated by the insertion of a tetracycline resistance cassette. The cps14A to cps14J and cps14L mutants were unencapsulated, whereas only a limited amount of capsular polysaccharide was expressed by a cps14K insertion mutant. Comparison with DNA and protein sequences available in databases allowed us to predict functions for four out of the five new cps14 gene products. The biosynthetic function of Cps14I was determined experimentally by analysis of intermediates in the synthesis of the type 14 tetrasaccharide subunit, catalysed by membrane preparations of Escherichia coli expressing pneumococcal glycosyltransferases. The cps14I gene encodes the beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity necessary for the addition of the third sugar in the synthesis of the type 14 repeating unit. The activity encoded by cps14J was established using a synthetic glycosyltransferase acceptor: cps14J encodes a beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase, which requires beta-linked GlcNAc as an acceptor. Thus, Cps14J is responsible for the addition of the last (fourth) sugar in the synthesis of the type 14 subunit.
Direct Esterification of Phosphonic Acid Salts Using the Mitsunobu Reaction (1995)

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