gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vasodysfunction That Involves Renal Vasodysfunction, Not Abnormally Increased Renal Retention of Sodium, Accounts for the Initiation of Salt-Induced Hypertension (2016)

Prevailing theory holds that abnormally large increases in renal salt retention and cardiac output are early pathophysiologic events mediating initiation of most instances of salt-induced hypertension. This theory has come under increasing scrutiny because it is based on studies that lack measurements of sodium balance and cardiac output obtained during initiation of salt-loading in proper normal controls, i.e., salt-resistant subjects with normal blood pressure. Here we make the case for a “vasodysfunction” theory for initiation of salt-induced hypertension: In response to an increase in salt intake, a subnormal decrease in total peripheral resistance that involves a subnormal decrease in renal vascular resistance, in the absence of abnormally large increases in sodium retention and cardiac output, is the hemodynamic abnormality that usually mediates initiation of salt-induced increases in blood pressure (BP). It is the failure to normally decrease vascular resistance in response to salt loading that enables a normal increase of cardiac output to initiate the salt-induced increase in blood pressure. This theory is based on the results of properly controlled studies which consistently demonstrate that in salt-sensitive subjects, salt-loading initiates increased BP through a hemodynamic mechanism that: 1) does not usually involve early increases in sodium retention and cardiac output greater than those which occur with salt-loading in normal controls, and 2) usually involves an early failure to decrease vascular resistance to the same extent as that observed during salt-loading in normal controls. Multiple mechanisms including disturbances in nitric oxide and sympathetic nervous system activity likely underlie this subnormal vasodilatory response to salt that usually precedes and initiates salt-induced hypertension.
A Human Papillomavirus (HPV) <i>In Vitro</i> Neutralization Assay That Recapitulates the <i>In Vitro</i> Process of Infection Provides a Sensitive Measure of HPV L2 Infection-Inhibiting Antibodies (2012)

Papillomavirus L2-based vaccines have generally induced low-level or undetectable neutralizing antibodies in standard in vitro assays yet typically protect well against in vivo experimental challenge in animal models. Herein we document that mice vaccinated with an L2 vaccine comprising a fusion protein of the L2 amino acids 11 to 88 of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16), HPV18, HPV1, HPV5, and HPV6 were uniformly protected from cervicovaginal challenge with HPV16 pseudovirus, but neutralizing antibodies against HPV16, -31, -33, -45, or -58 were rarely detected in their sera using a standard in vitro neutralization assay. To address this discrepancy, we developed a neutralization assay based on an in vitro infectivity mechanism that more closely mimics the in vivo infectious process, specifically by spaciotemporally separating primary and secondary receptor engagement and correspondingly by altering the timing of exposure of the dominant L2 cross-neutralizing epitopes to the antibodies. With the new assay, titers in the 100 to 10,000 range were measured for most sera, whereas undetectable neutralizing activities were observed with the standard assay. In vitro neutralizing titers measured in the serum of mice after passive transfer of rabbit L2 immune serum correlated with protection from cervicovaginal challenge of the mice. This "L2-based" in vitro neutralization assay should prove useful in critically evaluating the immunogenicity of L2 vaccine candidates in preclinical studies and future clinical trials.
Tuning of the Platinum Silicide Schottky Barrier Height on n-Type Silicon by Sulfur Segregation (2009)

The Schottky barrier height Phi <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</i> of platinum silicide (PtSi) contacts on n-type silicon was tuned by sulfur segregation at the PtSi/Si interface. Sulfur was implanted prior to Pt deposition and segregated at the interface during PtSi formation. It was observed that the barrier height could be tuned by changing the sulfur dose. A minimum barrier height of 0.12 eV was obtained on n-type (100) Si substrates. Since PtSi naturally provides a small Phi <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</i> of 0.2 eV on p-type Si, it carries the potential to serve as the single metal source/drain contact metal in a CMOS integrated circuit with Phi <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</i> tuning on n-channel transistors.
The Gut Microbiota Ellagic Acid-Derived Metabolite Urolithin A and Its Sulfate Conjugate Are Substrates for the Drug Efflux Transporter Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (ABCG2/BCRP) (2013)

The breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) is a drug efflux transporter that can affect the pharmacological and toxicological properties of many molecules. Urolithins, metabolites produced by the gut microbiota from ellagic acid (EA) and ellagitannins, have been acknowledged with in vivo anti-inflammatory and cancer chemopreventive properties. This study evaluated whether urolithins (Uro-A, -B, -C, and -D) and their main phase II metabolites Uro-A sulfate, Uro-A glucuronide, and Uro-B glucuronide as well as their precursor EA were substrates for ABCG2/BCRP. Parental and Bcrp1-transduced MDCKII cells were used for active transport assays. Uro-A and, to a lesser extent, Uro-A sulfate showed a significant increase in apically directed translocation in Bcrp1-transduced cells. Bcrp1 did not show affinity for the rest of the tested compounds. Data were confirmed for murine, human, bovine, and ovine BCRP-transduced subclones as well as with the use of the selective BCRP inhibitor Ko143. The transport inhibition by Uro-A was analyzed by flow cytometry compared to Ko143 using the antineoplastic agent mitoxantrone as a model substrate. Results showed that Uro-A was able to inhibit mitoxantrone transport in a dose-dependent manner. This study reports for the first time that Uro-A and its sulfate conjugate are ABCG2/BCRP substrates. The results suggest that physiologically relevant concentrations of these gut microbiota-derived metabolites could modulate ABCG2/BCRP-mediated transport processes and mechanisms of cancer drug resistance. Further in vivo investigations are warranted.
A comparison of Schottky emission and cold field-emission cathodes (1989)

We compare Schottky Emission (SE) and Cold Field Emission (CFE) cathodes with respect to emission characteristics and environmental factors. The CFE cathodes most commonly used are W<310> and a slightly oxidized W<100> used at room temperature. The SE cathode most commonly used is a ZrO coated W<100> emitter which has a localized work function of 2.8 ±0.2 eV on the <100> plane. In terms of emission mechanism, SE and CFE represent two extremes of a continuous change in surface electric field strength F and temperature T of a pointed cathode. The primary difference between a SE and CFE cathode is F, T, and energy distribution as shown in Fig. 1. TheSE cathode emission distribution contains mostly non-tunneling electrons terminated on the low energy side by the work function barrier. In contrast, the CFE emission distribution is defined by tunneling electrons terminated on the high energy side near the Fermi level of the metal.
Autocalibrating motion‐corrected wave‐encoding for highly accelerated free‐breathing abdominal MRI (2016)

The proposed methods can reduce motion artifacts and improve overall image quality of highly accelerated free-breathing abdominal MRI. Magn Reson Med 78:1757-1766, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Limited surface exposure of Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface lipoproteins. (1996)

We used novel immunofluorescence strategies to demonstrate that outer surface proteins (Osps) A, B and C of Borrelia burgdorferi have limited surface exposure, finding that contradicts the prevailing viewpoint that these antigens are exclusively surface exposed. Light labeling was observed when antibodies to OspA or OspB were added to motile organisms, whereas intense fluorescence was observed when the same slides were methanol-fixed and reprobed. Modest labeling also was observed when spirochetes encapsulated in agarose beads (gel microdroplets) were incubated with antibodies to these same two antigens. This contrasted with the intense fluorescence observed when encapsulated spirochetes were probed in the presence of 0.06% Triton X-100, which selectively removed outer membranes. Proteinase K (PK) treatment of encapsulated spirochetes abrogated surface labeling. However, PK-treated spirochetes fluoresced intensely after incubation with antibodies to OspA or OspB in the presence of detergent, confirming the existence of large amounts of subsurface Osp antigens. Modest surface labeling once again was detected when PK-treated spirochetes were reprobed after overnight incubation, a result consistent with the existence of a postulated secretory apparatus that shuttles lipoproteins to the borrelial surface. Last, experiments with the OspC-expressing B. burgdorferi strain 297 revealed that this antigen was barely detectable on spirochetal surfaces even though it was a major constituent of isolated outer mem- branes. We propose a model of B. burgdorferi molecular architecture that helps to explain spirochetal persistence during chronic Lyme disease.
The effect of pot size on growth and transpiration of maize and soybean during water deficit stress (1998)

Many experiments are conducted in greenhouses or growth chambers in which plants are grown in pots. Considerable research has shown that pots can have a limiting effect on overall plant growth. This research was undertaken to examine the effects of pot size specifically on transpiration response of maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) plants undergoing water-deficit stress. Maize and soybean experiments were conducted similarly, but as separate experiments. Maize plants were grown in 2.3, 4.1, 9.1, and 16.2 I pots sealed to prevent water loss except by transpiration. For each pot size, plants were divided into two watering regimes, a well-watered control and a water-deficit regime. Water deficits were imposed by simply not rewatering the pots. Soybean was examined in a similar manner, but only the three larger pot sizes were used in the experiment. For both maize and soybean, and in both watering regimes, there was a significant reduction of shoot dry weight and total transpiration with decreasing pot size. However, there were no significant differences among pot sizes in the fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) point at which transpiration began to decline (FTSW ≈ 0.31 for maize and ≈ 0.35 for soybean) or in the overall relationship of transpiration rate to soil water content in response to water deficits. These results indicated that, regardless of pot size or plant size, the overriding factor determining transpirational response to drought stress was soil water content.
A high performance distributed optical fiber sensor based on Φ-OTDR for dynamic strain measurement (2017)

A high-performance distributed optical fiber sensor based on phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) for dynamic strain measurement has been proposed. In this newly designed system, ultraweak fiber Bragg gratings (UWFBGs) are sparsely embedded in the sensing fiber. Through an unbalanced 3 × 3 coupler structure, the reflected lights from two adjacent UWFBGs would be mixed with each other and then split into three parts for phase demodulation. Then, a novelty table-look-up scheme is introduced to precisely demodulate the frequency, amplitude, and phase of dynamic strain. Rayleigh back-scattering light is utilized to identify and locate the accurate position of vibration event between two adjacent UWFBGs. The experimental results show that the proposed system is capable of reconstructing the vibration with a linear intensity response of R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> = 0.9986 and a fiber length variation sensitivity of 117 pm/(Hz) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> . Meanwhile, a wide frequency response band from 50 to 2075 Hz is achieved with high signal-to-noise ratio above 56 dB.
Novel biological treatments for systemic lupus erythematosus: current and future modalities. (2012)

Current treatments for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are effective in reducing morbidity and mortality but are not specific and have severe adverse effects. Based on understanding of the different dysregulated immunological pathways involved in SLE pathogenesis, specific targeted therapies were developed. This review presents the current and the near-future novel biological immune targeted treatments, such as B cell-targeted therapy, cytokine blockade, peptide-based treatments and other novel treatments for SLE.
A remarkably bent allene. X‐Ray crystal structure and <i>ab initio</i> calculations (1995)

Abstract X‐ray data on the crystal and molecular structure of bis(biphenyl‐2,2′‐diyl)allene, reveal a remarkably strong deviation from linearity (170·1°) of the allene unit of the molecule. Ab initio calculations involving dimers of molecules yield good correlation with this geometry, showing that the non‐linearity is due to packing effects in the crystal.
Preliminary Studies on Direct Photographic Positives (1913)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreliminary Studies on Direct Photographic PositivesG. A. PerleyG. A. PerleyMore by G. A. Perley and Alan LeightonAlan LeightonMore by Alan LeightonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1913, 17, 3, 235–248Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1913Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1913https://doi.org/10.1021/j150138a006RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views14Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (586 KB) Get e-Alerts
Surface Properties of Superhydrophobic Coatings for Stone Protection (2009)

Superhydrophobic films are produced by a simple and low cost method. Silica (SiO2) nanoparticles are dispersed in solutions of Rhodorsil 224, a commercial poly(alkyl siloxane) which is used for the protection of outdoor cultural heritage objects, and the suspensions are sprayed on glass surfaces. It is shown that the siloxane-nanoparticle composite films prepared from dispersions of high particle concentrations (≥ 0.5% w/v) exhibit superydrophobic properties (high static contact angle and small hysteresis) which can be rationalized by the Cassie-Baxter model, according to quantitative measurements obtained by SEM images. Siloxane-nanoparticle films are then deposited (sprayed) on “Opuka”, a fine-grained argillite which was used for the restoration of the castle of Prague. It is shown that the treated stone surfaces exhibit superydrophobic properties, similar to the treated glass surfaces. The efficacy of the superhydrophobic films to protect Opuka is evaluated by performing water contact angle, water capillary absorption, water vapor permeability and colorimetric measurements. It is shown that the use of nanoparticles in the protective coating has a positive effect on the results of the aforementioned tests, except for the colorimetric measurements.
Contraction of aluminum oxide thin layers in optical heterostructures (2003)

We precisely determine the contraction of AlAs in multilayer optical waveguides, associated with selective oxidation of AlAs/GaAs epitaxial heterostructures. The average thickness of each layer was determined via x-ray reflectometry before and after oxidation, yielding an induced shrinkage of 11.4%±0.7% normal to the stack. The waveguide refractive indices were evaluated via modal-index measurements in the near-infrared. The achieved accuracy is compatible with form-birefringent phase matching in AlGaAs guided-wave frequency converters.
The solubility of hydrogen sulfide in mixtures of n‐Hexadecane and <i>n</i>‐Eicosane (1995)

Abstract The solubility of hydrogen sulfide in mixtures of n ‐hexadecane and n ‐eicosane was measured at a temperature of 323 K (50°C) for three isobars at 1, 2 and 3 MPa. The solubility data show a maximum as a function of the hydrocarbon composition.
Stem cell therapies for wound healing (2019)

A growing body of evidence has shown that delivery of stem cells, particularly mesenchymal stromal cells, has the potential to effectively improve the rate and quality of wound healing. However, significant additional basic and clinical research must be performed to optimize cell therapy, such as further elucidation of the therapeutic mechanisms of stem cells and standardization of clinical trial guidelines.
Improved MOSFET short-channel device using germanium implantation (1988)

Germanium doping in silicon tends to suppress any enhancement in dopant diffusion due to excess point defects. By performing a dual implantation of germanium and the normal source-drain dopant, lateral diffusion of the source-drain profile can be controlled, thus resulting in improved short-channel device behavior.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Phorbol ester-induced actin cytoskeletal reorganization requires a heavy metal ion. (1991)

The cell-permeant heavy metal chelator N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine(TPEN) was found to counteract phorbol ester-induced actin reorganization in PTK2 and Swiss 3T3 cells. By using fluorescence and the higher resolution technique of photoelectron microscopy to monitor actin patterns, 15-min pretreatment with 25-50 microM TPEN was found to dramatically reduce actin alterations resulting from subsequent phorbol ester treatment in PTK2 cells. Similar results were obtained with Swiss 3T3 cells using 50 microM TPEN for 1.5 h. Phorbol ester-induced actin alterations are thought to depend on activation of protein kinase C (PKC). In contrast to the phorbol ester effect, the PKC-independent actin cytoskeletal disruption caused by staurosporine and cytochalasin B was unaffected by TPEN pretreatment. TPEN did not block phorbol ester-induced activation of PKC in Swiss 3T3 cells, as observed by the phosphorylation of the 80K PKC substrate protein (MARCKS protein). TPEN also did not inhibit partially purified PKC from Swiss 3T3 cells in an in vitro PKC-specific commercial assay. To establish that the effect of TPEN is the removal of metal ions and not some other nonspecific effect of TPEN, a series of transition metal ions was added at the end of the TPEN pretreatment. The results indicate that the transient but dramatic phorbol ester-induced reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in cultured cells depends on an interaction of PKC with a heavy metal, probably zinc.
The reactions of cholesteryl acetate with tert-butyl hydroperoxide and molybdenum complexes. (1981)

Epoxidation and allylic oxidation of cholesteryl acetate were studied with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBuOOH) in the presence of molybdenum complexes. 1. Among the acetylacetonates of various transition metals, MoO2 (acac)2 was unique in that it greatly facilitated the formation of an epoxide as well as its further conversion to the B-nor-5-carboxaldehyde. Since similar results were obtained in the presence of Mo (CO)6 or MoCl5, the effect seems to be independent of the valency and the ligand of the molybdenum catalyst. 2. The reactions using Mo (CO)6 were carried out in various solvents, and it was found that epoxidation or allylic oxidation occurred almost exclusively in benzene or in tert-butyl alcohol (tBuOH), respectively. The reaction probably proceeds by a radical mechanism in tBuOH, but not in benzene. In acetonitrile as a solvent, on the other hand, homolytic and heterolytic decomposition of tBuOOH seemed to occur simultaneously.
MENINGKATKAN MINAT BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE INDEX CARD MATCH PADA SISWA KELAS XI MIPA I SMA NEGERI I TANJUNG SELOR (2021)

Increasing Students' Interest in Learning Mathematics Through Cooperative Learning Model Type Index Card Match in Class XI MIPA I SMA Negeri I Tanjung Selor. This study aims to increase students' interest in learning mathematics through cooperative learning model type index card match in class XI MIPA I SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Selor. This type of research is classroom action research. The subjects of this study were students of class XI IPA I SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Selor which consisted of 17 male students and 16 female students. Data collection techniques in this study were using observation sheets and self-assessment. This classroom action research was carried out in 2 cycles and each cycle was carried out in 2 meetings. The results showed that the students' interest in learning mathematics in the first cycle was 74% of students in the high category at least and the second cycle increased to 85% of the students in the high minimum category. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that using the index card match model can increase interest in learning mathematics in class XI-1 students of SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Selor. ABSTRAKMeningkatkan Minat Belajar Matematika Siswa Melalui Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Index Card Match Pada Siswa Kelas XI MIPA I SMA Negeri I Tanjung Selor.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan minat belajar matematika siswa melalui model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe index card match pada siswa kelas XI MIPA I SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Selor. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tanggal 12 Januari–15 April 2020 di SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Selor. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI IPA I SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Selor yang terdiri dari 17 siswa laki-laki dan 16 siswa perempuan. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan lembar observasi dan penilaian diri. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklus dan setiap siklus dilaksanakan dalam 2 kali pertemuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minat belajar matematika siswa pada siklus I adalah 74% siswa berada pada minimal kategori tinggi dan siklus II mengalami peningkatan menjadi 85% siswa berada pada minimal kategori tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan menggunakan model index card match dapat meningkatkan minat belajar matematika pada siswa kelas XI-1 SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Selor.