gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Direct Production of WC from WO3 by Using Two Rotary Carburization Furnaces (1979)

A continuous two-stage carburization furnace whose first furnace has a nitrogen atmosphere and whose second one has a hydrogen atmosphere was developed. A mixture of WO3 and C was pelletized and resulting powders were heated continuously as they moved from the first furnace to the second furnace. The severe control of the carbon content of the product was possible by this two-step carburization method. The grain size of WC powder could easily be controlled by the heating temperatures of the first and the second furnaces. The grain size distribution thus obtained was uniform and narrow.
Aircraft trajectory optimization with application to a Lockheed L1011-100 (2005)

Two forms of optimal dynamic interpolation are discussed. Two cost functions are considered. The first cost function penalizes acceleration; the second penalizes both acceleration and velocity excursion. Both have been applied to the L1011-100 vertical guidance problem, and results are presented. A flight management system's (FMS) vertical flight plan is used to obtain way points which serve as inputs to the dynamic interpolation algorithm. The algorithm produces reference commands which are issued to a certified FAA L1011-100 model and an autopilot. The resulting dynamic behavior is compared to the results obtained from reference commands produced by an L1011-like commercial aircraft's FMS model. Cubic spline solutions for the two different dynamic interpolation cost functional minimization problems are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Calibration of a laser stripe profiler (2003)

The calibration of a laser stripe profiler consisting of a laser stripe projector camera and a linear motion table is considered. A nonlinear system model is used which accommodates radial distortion in the camera lens. The way in which stripe data is extracted from the camera images lends to a natural formulation of the calibration problem as a nonlinear least squares problem. This can then be solved using standard techniques.
GeneCAT—novel webtools that combine BLAST and co-expression analyses (2008)

The gene co-expression analysis toolbox (GeneCAT) introduces several novel microarray data analyzing tools. First, the multigene co-expression analysis, combined with co-expressed gene networks, provides a more powerful data mining technique than standard, single-gene co-expression analysis. Second, the high-throughput Map-O-Matic tool matches co-expression pattern of multiple query genes to genes present in user-defined subdatabases, and can therefore be used for gene mapping in forward genetic screens. Third, Rosetta combines co-expression analysis with BLAST and can be used to find 'true' gene orthologs in the plant model organisms Arabidopsis thaliana and Hordeum vulgare (Barley). GeneCAT is equipped with expression data for the model plant A. thaliana, and first to introduce co-expression mining tools for the monocot Barley. GeneCAT is available at http://genecat.mpg.de.
<i>In vivo</i>Drug-Linker Stability of an Anti-CD30 Dipeptide-Linked Auristatin Immunoconjugate (2005)

Effective antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) combine high drug-linker stability in circulation and efficient intratumoral release of drug. Conjugation of monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) to the anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody (mAb), cAC10, produced a selective and potent ADC against CD30(+) anaplastic large cell lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease models. This ADC, cAC10-valine-citrulline-MMAE, uses a protease-sensitive dipeptide linker designed to release MMAE by lysosomal cathepsin B in target cells but maintain a stable linkage and attenuate drug potency in circulation. To evaluate ADC stability in vivo, we developed methods for measuring drug/mAb ratios at progressive times in plasma from ADC-treated mice and nonhuman primates. Anti-idiotype mAb permitted the capture and quantitation of mAb cAC10, whereas antidrug mAb and MMAE-conjugated horseradish peroxidase reporter provided quantitative detection of conjugated drug following its in vitro release by cathepsin B. These data were validated by an alternative ELISA using anti-idiotype and anti-MMAE mAbs for capture and detection, respectively. Both methods differentiated ADC with variable levels of drug loading and were subsequently applied to stability studies in severe combined immunodeficient mice and cynomolgus monkeys. Evaluation of ADC from mouse circulation showed the linker half-life to be approximately 144 hours (6.0 days), significantly greater than that reported for disulfide- or hydrazone-linked ADCs in mice or human trials. In cynomolgus monkey, the apparent linker half-life was approximately 230 hours (9.6 days), suggesting that the drug-linker will be highly stable in humans. These data represent the longest reported drug-linker half-life to date and provide the basis for the pronounced specificity and antitumor activity of cAC10-valine-citrulline-MMAE.
Novel three-dimensional vertical interconnect technology for microwave and RF applications (2003)

In this paper, novel 3D interconnects suitable for applications in microwave and RF integrated circuit technology have been presented. The interconnect fabrication process and design details are presented. In addition, measured and numerically modeled results of the performance of the interconnects have been shown. The results indicate that the proposed technology has tremendous potential applications in integrated circuit technology.
Requirements and architectures for Intrinsically Assurable Mobile Ad hoc Networks (2008)

An intrinsically assurable mobile ad hoc network (IAMANET) will directly support the integrity, availability, reliability, confidentiality, and safety of MANET communications and data. In contrast, the dominant Internet paradigm is intrinsically insecure. For example, the Internet does not deny unauthorized traffic by default and therefore violates the principle of least privilege. In addition, there are no provisions for non-repudiation or accountability and therefore adversaries can probe for vulnerabilities with impunity because the likelihood of attributing bad behavior to a particular adversary is limited. Finally (although not exhaustively) existing protocols are not robust to Byzantine failures and malicious behavior, leaving entire Internet-based systems vulnerable. This paper expands on these high-level requirements and threat models. It then presents an early view of two high-level architectures for an IAMANET, PIANO and Zodiac.
Sustained Drug Release in Nanomedicine: A Long-Acting Nanocarrier-Based Formulation for Glaucoma (2014)

Therapeutic nanomedicine has concentrated mostly on anticancer therapy by making use of the nanosize for targeted therapy. Such nanocarriers are not expected to have sustained release of the bioactive molecule beyond a few days. There are other conditions where patients can benefit from sustained duration of action following a single instillation, but achieving this has been difficult in nanosized carriers. An important prerequisite for sustained delivery over several months is to have sufficiently high drug loading, without disruption or changes to the shape of the nanocarriers. Here we report on successful development of a drug-encapsulated nanocarrier for reducing intraocular pressure in a diseased nonhuman primate model and explain why it has been possible to achieve sustained action in vivo. The drug is a prostaglandin derivative, latanoprost, while the carrier is a nanosized unilamellar vesicle. The mechanistic details of this unique drug-nanocarrier combination were elucidated by isothermal titration calorimetry. We show, using Cryo-TEM and dynamic light scattering, that the spherical shape of the liposomes is conserved even at the highest loading of latanoprost and that specific molecular interactions between the drug and the lipid are the reasons behind improved stability and sustained release. The in vivo results clearly attest to sustained efficacy of lowering the intraocular pressure for 120 days, making this an excellent candidate to be the first truly sustained-release nanomedicine product. The mechanistic details we have uncovered should enable development of similar systems for other conditions where sustained release from nanocarriers is desired.
Antiproliferative Actions of Angiotensin-(1-7) in Vascular Smooth Muscle (1999)

Hemodynamic factors, circulating hormones, paracrine factors, and intracrine factors influence vascular smooth muscle growth and plasticity. The well-characterized role of angiotensin II in the modulation of vascular tone and cell function may be critically involved in the mechanisms by which vascular smooth muscle responds to signals associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction and increases in oxidative stress. Studies from this laboratory suggest that the trophic actions of angiotensin II may be intrinsically regulated by angiotensin-(1-7), a separate product of the angiotensin system derived from the common substrate, angiotensin I. Exposure of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells to angiotensin-(1-7) inhibited the trophic actions of angiotensin II and reduced the expression of the mitogenic effects of both normal serum and platelet-derived growth factor. The growth-inhibitory actions of angiotensin-(1-7) were blocked by the selective D-alanine(7)-angiotensin-(1-7) antagonist and the nonselective angiotensin receptor blocker sarcosine(1)-threonine(8)-angiotensin II. In contrast, subtype-selective antagonists for the AT(1) and AT(2) receptors had no effect on the inhibitory actions of angiotensin-(1-7), a finding that is consistent with the pharmacological characterization of a high-affinity (125)I-labeled angiotensin-(1-7) binding site in the vasculature by use of selective and nonselective angiotensin II receptor antagonists. The relevance of these findings to the proliferative response of vascular smooth muscle cells after endothelial injury was confirmed by assessment of the effect of a 12-day infusion of angiotensin-(1-7) on neointimal formation. In these experiments, the proliferative response produced by injuring the carotid artery was inhibited by angiotensin-(1-7) through a mechanism that could not be explained by changes in arterial pressure. Because plasma angiotensin-(1-7) increased to levels comparable to those found in animals and human subjects given therapeutic doses of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin-(1-7) may be one factor participating in the reversal of vascular proliferation during inhibition of angiotensin II formation or activity.
Electrical resistance tomography for process applications (1996)

Measurement of electrical resistivity via four probes is widely used in a variety of applications ranging from geophysical prospecting to silicon wafer manufacture. Electrical resistivity tomography is an extension of this approach and is performed via an array of equi-spaced electrodes mounted into the periphery of a process vessel to map non-intrusively the spatial distribution of resistivities within. The digitized boundary data are `inverted' by an image reconstruction algorithm to produce a map of the internal resistivity distribution. This paper focuses on the design and operation of flexible electrical resistivity tomography instrumentation for use on laboratory- and plant-scale process equipment.
Effects of Caseins on Thermal Stability of Bovine β-Lactoglobulin (2008)

Casein fractions have been shown to act as molecular chaperones and inhibit aggregation of whey proteins in dilute solutions (< or =1% w/v). We evaluated if this approach would stabilize protein solutions at higher concentration and thermal processing temperatures desired for beverage applications. Mixtures of beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) (6% w/v) with either beta-casein (BCN) (0.01-2% w/v) or alpha s-casein (ACN) (2% w/v) were adjusted to pH 6.0 and heated (70-90 degrees C) for 20 min, cooled, and then analyzed to determine the degree of aggregation. Aggregation was determined by solution turbidity as optical density (OD) at 400 or 600 nm. The addition of 0.05% (w/v) BCN or greater caused a drop in turbidity for solutions heated at 70-90 degrees C. In contrast, inhibition was observed in BLG-ACN mixtures at 70 degrees C but not at > or =75 degrees C. Moreover, prolonged heating (90 min) of BLG with 2% (w/v) BCN (pH 6.0) at 90 degrees C produced a clear solution while BLG-ACN solutions formed translucent gels after heating for 15 min. The weight-averaged molar mass and root-mean-square (rms) radius of soluble aggregates were determined by size exclusion chromatography in conjunction with multiangle laser light scattering (SEC-MALS). SEC-MALS confirmed the turbidity results by showing that the BLG-BCN mixture (8% w/v protein) produced aggregates with lower molar mass and smaller rms radius (majority 20-40 nm). These results showed that BCN is a feasible component to stabilize higher concentrations of whey proteins in beverages.
The LabVIEW student edition user's guide (1995)

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant disease across the globe but children seem to be much less affected than adults. Coincidentally with the first wave of the pandemic, a cluster of children with fever, hyperinflammation and shock were identified, and this was first described as paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) by the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. Patients with this novel condition were transferred to tertiary centres for management, increasing the pressure in these hospitals that were already extremely busy. There are multiple challenges related to the identification of patients presenting with PIMS-TS given that they mimic multiple other well-known paediatric conditions, like Kawasaki disease and toxic shock syndrome. Investigations and admission criteria to a district general hospital (DGH) need to be well established, and clear guidance should be available for easy decision making in a busy paediatric emergency department. Furthermore, these children can deteriorate suddenly and rapidly; close monitoring is vital, and any deterioration must be taken seriously and addressed immediately. All children who present severely ill, with shock and multiorgan failure, should be retrieved to a paediatric intensive care unit. As our knowledge of the condition has developed, more patients are now managed in a DGH, with virtual multidisciplinary team involvement. This paper outlines a structured approach to management of children presenting with suspected PIMS-TS in a DGH.
PHENOXYQUINONES. III. 2-(HYDROXYPHENOXY)-p-BENZOQUINONES (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPHENOXYQUINONES. III. 2-(HYDROXYPHENOXY)-p-BENZOQUINONESHERBERT E. UNGNADE and FELIX H. OTEYCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1951, 16, 1, 70–72Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01141a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01141a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views89Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Autocrine regulation of toxin synthesis by Staphylococcus aureus. (1995)

Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen causing diseases which range from minor skin infection to endocarditis and toxic shock syndrome. The pathogenesis of S. aureus is due primarily to the production of toxic exoproteins, whose synthesis is controlled by a global regulatory system, agr. We show here that agr is autoinduced by a proteinaceous factor produced and secreted by the bacteria and that it is inhibited by a peptide produced by an exoprotein-deficient S. aureus mutant strain. The inhibitor, RIP, competes with the activator, RAP, and may be a mutational derivative. Our results suggest two possible approaches, independent of antibiotics, to the control of S. aureus infections. RIP may prove useful as a direct inhibitor of virulence and RAP as a vaccine against the expression of agr-induced virulence factors; either could interfere with the ability of the bacteria to establish and maintain an infection.
Diarylureas as Allosteric Modulators of the Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor: Structure–Activity Relationship Studies on 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-{3-[6-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl]phenyl}urea (PSNCBAM-1) (2014)

The recent discovery of allosteric modulators of the CB1 receptor including PSNCBAM-1 (4) has generated significant interest in CB1 receptor allosteric modulation. Here in the first SAR study on 4, we have designed and synthesized a series of analogs focusing on modifications at two positions. Pharmacological evaluation in calcium mobilization and binding assays revealed the importance of alkyl substitution at the 2-aminopyridine moiety and electron deficient aromatic groups at the 4-chlorophenyl position for activity at the CB1 receptor, resulting in several analogs with comparable potency to 4. These compounds increased the specific binding of [(3)H]CP55,940, in agreement with previous reports. Importantly, 4 and two analogs dose-dependently reduced the Emax of the agonist curve in the CB1 calcium mobilization assays, confirming their negative allosteric modulator characteristics. Given the side effects associated with CB1 receptor orthosteric antagonists, negative allosteric modulators provide an alternative approach to modulate the pharmacologically important CB1 receptor.
Nitric Oxide Affects ERK Signaling through Down-Regulation of MAP Kinase Phosphatase Levels during Larval Development of the Ascidian Ciona intestinalis (2014)

In the ascidian Ciona intestinalis larval development and metamorphosis require a complex interplay of events, including nitric oxide (NO) production, MAP kinases (ERK, JNK) and caspase-3 activation. We have previously shown that NO levels affect the rate of metamorphosis, regulate caspase activity and promote an oxidative stress pathway, resulting in protein nitration. Here, we report that NO down-regulates MAP kinase phosphatases (mkps) expression affecting positively ERK signaling. By pharmacological approach, we observed that the reduction of endogenous NO levels caused a decrease of ERK phosphorylation, whereas increasing levels of NO induced ERK activation. We have also identified the ERK gene network affected by NO, including mpk1, mpk3 and some key developmental genes by quantitative gene expression analysis. We demonstrate that NO induces an ERK-independent down-regulation of mkp1 and mkp3, responsible for maintaining the ERK phosphorylation levels necessary for transcription of key metamorphic genes, such as the hormone receptor rev-erb and the van willebrand protein vwa1c. These results add new insights into the role played by NO during larval development and metamorphosis in Ciona, highlighting the cross-talk between different signaling pathways.
Waffle Iron—a New Memory Structure (1963)

The waffle iron is a short bit-length, closed flux-path, magnetic storage device. It consists of a high permeability base plate into which orthogonal slots have been cut, leaving a sequence of rectangular posts, giving the surface the appearance of a miniature waffle iron. To complete the array, a wiring pattern is placed into the slots and an overlay of square-loop magnetic material is laid across the tops of the posts. A closed flux-path structure consisting of a short length of this square-loop material and a longer length of high permeability material is thus formed by each pair of posts. Because of the structure of the device almost complete machine manufacture seems feasible. Many experimental models of both destructive and nondestructive read memories have been built. All of the models feature the ``two-core per bit'' type of operation, and consequently, have good operating margins. One model, which has been tested extensively, has a 0.030-in. bit length. It is a linear select memory and has an output of greater than 100 mV with a duration of 0.25 μsec for a read current of 0.8 A. The write requirements are 0.3-A word and 0.15-A bit current with an allowable variation on each of ±35%. Time to write is 2 μsec. A second model which has been tested extensively is an electronically alterable, nondestructive read memory of the bimagnetic material type. The read repetition rate is greater than one megacycle and the write time is 5 μsec. With a bit length of 0.020 in. the read, word-write, and bit-write currents are 0.35 A, 0.45 A, and 0.3 A, respectively. The word- and bit-write currents have an allowable variation of ±35% each. Experiments with memory arrays using the waffle-iron technique have shown that bit lengths of 0.005 in. or less and read-write cycle times of less than 0.5 μsec are feasible. With such short bit lengths, both the packing density and the field efficiency are high, (approximately 1000 bits per square in. and 100 Oe per A). Consequently, the waffle-iron structure is suitable for high-speed memory applications, where small size and potentially low drive currents are of prime importance.
Global Burden of Oral Conditions in 1990-2010 (2013)

The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2010 Study produced comparable estimates of the burden of 291 diseases and injuries in 1990, 2005, and 2010. This article reports on the global burden of untreated caries, severe periodontitis, and severe tooth loss in 2010 and compares those figures with new estimates for 1990. We used disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and years lived with disability (YLDs) metrics to quantify burden. Oral conditions affected 3.9 billion people, and untreated caries in permanent teeth was the most prevalent condition evaluated for the entire GBD 2010 Study (global prevalence of 35% for all ages combined). Oral conditions combined accounted for 15 million DALYs globally (1.9% of all YLDs; 0.6% of all DALYs), implying an average health loss of 224 years per 100,000 population. DALYs due to oral conditions increased 20.8% between 1990 and 2010, mainly due to population growth and aging. While DALYs due to severe periodontitis and untreated caries increased, those due to severe tooth loss decreased. DALYs differed by age groups and regions, but not by genders. The findings highlight the challenge in responding to the diversity of urgent oral health needs worldwide, particularly in developing communities.
Cutoff wavelength of periodically segmented waveguides in Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ (1998)

The cutoff wavelength for Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ periodic segmented waveguides (PSWs) with different duty-cycles and of continuous waveguides has been measured for both polarizations, PSWs are described by an equivalent continuous waveguide and, using this model, a universal relationship between the cutoff wavelength of PSWs with different duty-cycles is proposed and verified experimentally.