gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low‐Cost Subpixel Rendering for Diverse Displays (2013)

Abstract Subpixel rendering increases the apparent display resolution by taking into account the subpixel structure of a given display. In essence, each subpixel is addressed individually, allowing the underlying signal to be sampled more densely. Unfortunately, naïve subpixel sampling introduces colour aliasing, as each subpixel only displays a specific colour (usually R, G and B subpixels are used). As previous work has shown, chromatic aliasing can be reduced significantly by taking the sensitivity of the human visual system into account. In this work, we find optimal filters for subpixel rendering for a diverse set of 1D and 2D subpixel layout patterns. We demonstrate that these optimal filters can be approximated well with analytical functions. We incorporate our filters into GPU‐based multi‐sample anti‐aliasing to yield subpixel rendering at a very low cost (1–2 ms filtering time at HD resolution). We also show that texture filtering can be adapted to perform efficient subpixel rendering. Finally, we analyse the findings of a user study we performed, which underpins the increased visual fidelity that can be achieved for diverse display layouts, by using our optimal filters.
Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> with NH<sub>3</sub> by Using Novel Catalysts: State of the Art and Future Prospects (2019)

Selective catalytic reduction with NH<sub>3</sub> (NH<sub>3</sub>-SCR) is the most efficient technology to reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides (NO<sub><i>x</i></sub>) from coal-fired industries, diesel engines, etc. Although V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-WO<sub>3</sub>(MoO<sub>3</sub>)/TiO<sub>2</sub> and CHA structured zeolite catalysts have been utilized in commercial applications, the increasing requirements for broad working temperature window, strong SO<sub>2</sub>/alkali/heavy metal-resistance, and high hydrothermal stability have stimulated the development of new-type NH<sub>3</sub>-SCR catalysts. This review summarizes the latest SCR reaction mechanisms and emerging poison-resistant mechanisms in the beginning and subsequently gives a comprehensive overview of newly developed SCR catalysts, including metal oxide catalysts ranging from VO<sub><i>x</i></sub>, MnO<sub><i>x</i></sub>, CeO<sub>2</sub>, and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> to CuO based catalysts; acidic compound catalysts containing vanadate, phosphate and sulfate catalysts; ion exchanged zeolite catalysts such as Fe, Cu, Mn, etc. exchanged zeolite catalysts; monolith catalysts including extruded, washcoated, and metal-mesh/foam-based monolith catalysts. The challenges and opportunities for each type of catalysts are proposed while the effective strategies are summarized for enhancing the acidity/redox circle and poison-resistance through modification, creating novel nanostructures, exposing specific crystalline planes, constructing protective/sacrificial sites, etc. Some suggestions are given about future research directions that efforts should be made in. Hopefully, this review can bridge the gap between newly developed catalysts and practical requirements to realize their commercial applications in the near future.
Multispectral Diagnostic Imaging of the Iris in Pigment Dispersion Syndrome (2011)

Optimized near infrared iris imaging may be wavelength dependent. Ideal wavelength to image ITDs in more pigmented eyes may be slightly longer than for less pigmented eyes.
Crowding causes prolonged leucopenia in salmonid fish, despite interrenal acclimation (1987)

Crowding for 3 weeks significantly reduced the coefficient of condition of both brown trout and rainbow trout. However, acclimation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐interrenal (HPI) axis, as assessed by changes in plasma cortisol levels, occurred within 6 days for brown trout and within 10 days for rainbow trout. Blood lactate levels were significantly reduced in the crowded fish of both species throughout the experiment. Sexual maturation of the male fish significantly elevated the number of circulating red blood cells in both species, reduced the lactate levels in brown trout and elevated cortisol levels in the rainbow trout. Despite the relatively rapid interrenal acclimation, the numbers of thrombocytes and lymphocytes in the blood of both species were significantly reduced during the period of crowding and it is concluded that changes in the composition of circulating blood cells are more reliable indicators of chronic crowding stress than are plasma cortisol levels. These findings are discussed in relation to the role of the HPI axis in suppressing the defence systems of salmonid fish during periods of chronic stress.
Evaluation of the effect of allograft with doxycycline versus the allograft alone in the treatment of infrabony defects: A controlled clinical and radiographical study (2013)

The increase in linear bone fill in Group B signifies the role of doxycycline in augmenting regenerative potential of allograft by combating residual infection and through host modulation.
HRAS-mutated Spitz Tumors (2010)

It is often very difficult to confidently distinguish benign and malignant Spitz lesions, and a diagnosis of Spitz tumor of unknown malignant potential (STUMP) is rendered. To address this problem, we performed molecular genetic analysis in a large group of Spitz tumors (93 Spitz nevi and 77 STUMPs) and identified a subgroup of 24 lesions harboring a HRAS mutation. This subgroup lay predominantly in the dermis, had a relatively low cellularity, showed desmoplasia (with single cells interspersed between the collagen bundles), and had an infiltrating base. In 7 of these 24 cases (29%) melanoma had been the initial diagnosis, or an important differential diagnostic consideration, mainly based on the presence of multiple or deeply located mitotic figures, especially in adult patients. In our series none of the patients with the HRAS-mutated lesions developed recurrences or metastases (mean and median follow-up: 10.5 y). This was in accordance with the literature: review showed that no HRAS mutations had so far been reported in Spitzoid melanomas. We therefore conclude that HRAS mutation analysis may be a useful diagnostic tool to help differentiate between Spitz nevus and Spitzoid melanoma, thereby reducing the frequency of overdiagnosis of melanoma, and to help predict the biological behavior of a STUMP. Moreover, this might be a first step toward a more reproducible classification of Spitz tumors combining histological and genetic data.
Regulation of Male Fertility by X‐Linked Genes (2010)

Infertility is a worldwide reproductive health problem, affecting men and women about equally. Mouse genetic studies demonstrate that more than 200 genes specifically or predominantly regulate fertility. However, few genetic causes of infertility in humans have been identified. Here, we focus on the regulation of male fertility by X-linked, germ cell-specific genes. Previous genomic studies reveal that the mammalian X chromosome is enriched for genes expressed in early spermatogenesis. Recent genetic studies in mice show that X-linked, germ cell-specific genes, such as A-kinase anchor protein 4 (Akap4), nuclear RNA export factor 2 (Nxf2), TBP-associated factor 7l (Taf7l), and testis-expressed gene 11 (Tex11), indeed play important roles in the regulation of male fertility. Moreover, we find that the Taf7l Tex11 double-mutant males exhibit much more severe defects in meiosis than either single mutant, suggesting that these 2 X-linked genes regulate male meiosis synergistically. The X-linked, germ cell-specific genes are particularly attractive in the study of male infertility in humans. Because males are hemizygous for X-linked genes, loss-of-function mutations in the single-copy X-linked genes, unlike in autosomal genes, would not be masked by a normal allele. The genetic studies of X-linked, germ cell-specific genes in mice have laid a foundation for mutational analysis of their human orthologues in infertile men.
DNA Ploidy and proliferation heterogeneity in human prostate cancers (1995)

DNA ploidy determinations have been shown to have clinical application in predicting disease progression, survival, or response to anti-androgen therapies in prostate carcinomas. Since intra-tumor heterogeneity may have a profound effect on DNA measurements, we determined the frequency of DNA ploidy and proliferation (here S-phase fraction) heterogeneity in early prostatic carcinomas, and estimated the potential impact of heterogeneity on predicting disease course, survival, or response to therapy. Using image and flow cytometric analysis of archival, paraffin-embedded prostate tumors, we measured DNA ploidy in individual foci of prostatic carcinoma in stage T1a, T1b and T1c disease. Image analysis studies included the use of Feulgen stained tissue sections, and a comparison of these results with flow cytometric DNA ploidy determinations on nuclei isolated from the same tumor foci. Flow cytometry was also used to measure DNA Index and tumor S-phase fraction, in some cases using multiparameter analysis of isolated nuclei to determine DNA content and the level of the proliferation-associated antigen, p105. Our results indicate that DNA aneuploid foci of prostate carcinoma are infrequently seen in stage T1a disease (13% of the individuals studied), and that the presence of both DNA diploid and aneuploid foci in the same sample is seen in less than 10% of these individuals. Stage T1b and T1c tumors containing only DNA diploid nuclei are seen, though these are likely most common in low volume, low Gleason grade tumors. By using flow cytometry to compare these results with those using image analysis of the same tumor foci, we demonstrated that the majority (> 75%) of these aneuploid tumors are DNA tetraploid. Our data on prostate tumor S-phase fractions indicate that DNA diploid tumors generally have a lower S-phase than DNA aneuploid foci (including comparisons of DNA diploid and aneuploid foci in the same prostate tumor). These results support the model that early prostate tumors are DNA diploid and have a low S-phase, and that these tumors likely evolve to DNA tetraploid tumors with a similar low S-phase fraction.
Drugs and Falls in Older People: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis: I. Psychotropic Drugs (1999)

There is a small, but consistent, association between the use of most classes of psychotropic drugs and falls. The evidence to date, however, is based solely on observational data, with minimal adjustment for confounders, dosage, or duration of therapy. The incidence of falls and their consequences in this population necessitate that future large randomized controlled trials of any medication in older persons should measure falls prospectively as an adverse outcome event.
The polysome-associated proteins Scp160 and Bfr1 prevent P body formation under normal growth conditions (2014)

Numerous mRNAs are degraded in processing bodies (P bodies) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In logarithmically growing cells, only 0-1 P bodies per cell are detectable. However, the number and appearance of P bodies change once the cell encounters stress. Here, we show that the polysome-associated mRNA-binding protein Scp160 interacts with P body components, such as the decapping protein Dcp2 and the scaffold protein Pat1, presumably, on polysomes. Loss of either Scp160 or its interaction partner Bfr1 caused the formation of Dcp2-positive structures. These Dcp2-positive foci contained mRNA, because their formation was inhibited by the presence of cycloheximide. In addition, Scp160 was required for proper P body formation because only a subset of bona fide P body components could assemble into the Dcp2-positive foci in Δscp160 cells. In either Δbfr1 or Δscp160 cells, P body formation was uncoupled from translational attenuation as the polysome profile remained unchanged. Collectively, our data suggest that Bfr1 and Scp160 prevent P body formation under normal growth conditions.
Fast computation of generalized Voronoi diagrams using graphics hardware (2000)

No abstract available.
Impact Resistance of Concrete Plates Reinforced with a Fiber Reinforced Plastic Grid (1998)

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Site-Specific <sup>13</sup> C Labeling of DNA to Deduce DNA Repair Mechanisms of Uracil-DNA Glycosyiase and UV Endonuclease V (1989)

Abstract The oligodeoxynucleotide d(GCGUGCG) was synthesized with [1′,3′ -13C2)U labeling. The uracil unit was removed with uracil-DNA glycosylase to generate an abasic site and the resulting oligonucleotide was paired with the possible d(CGCNCGC) structures. One of these heteroduplexes was a substrate for W endonuclease V. The 13C NMR spectra of these heteroduplexes describe the structure of the abasic site and the mechanism of the endonuclease reaction.
Unterschiede in der Totaloxidation organischer Verbindungen an heterogenen Platin- und Palladiumkatalysatoren (1992)

Differences in the Total Oxidation of Organic Compounds on Heterogeneous Pt- and Pd-Catalysts The catalytic oxidation of selected organic compounds was studied on supported Pd and Pt catalysts and on massive wires. Unfunctionalized (Decane), unsaturated (dodecene, benzene), oxygen containing (1-octanol, formaldehyde, acetone, n-butylacetate, formic acid), nitrogen containing (aniline, pyridine), sulfur containing (thiophene) and chlorinated (1,2-dichloroethane) hydrocarbons were used as model compounds. The relative activity of the metals for oxidation of the various compounds was determined from the turnover frequencies. While platinum is more active for the oxidation of the unfunctionalized, aromatic and chlorinated compounds, palladium is more active for nitrogen and sulfur containing compounds and for formic acid. No specificity is found for alkenes and compounds with a lower oxygen content. In the presence of octane, the unreactive pyridine is much more effectively oxidized than pyridine alone. There are distinct differences for the oxidation of octane/pyridine mixtures on bimetallic, mixed and pure Pt- and Pd-catalysts. The bimetallic catalyst and the pure Pt-catalyst dominate with respect to conversion and selectivity. The oxidation of linear alkanes on Pt correlates with the boiling point. Pd catalyzes the oxidation of lower hydrocarbons (< C5) better, while higher hydrocarbons ( > C5) are better oxidized by Pt.
The interferon-induced Mx-homologous protein in people with symptomatic HIV-1 infection (1990)

Twenty-six people with symptomatic HIV-1 infection were screened for the presence of interferon (IFN) alpha and IFN alpha antibodies in their sera and the presence of the IFN-induced intracellular Mx-homologous protein in their peripheral blood leukocytes. Eleven people had measurable IFN alpha levels ranging from 1 to 40 IU/ml. None of the sera tested was positive for IFN alpha binding or IFN alpha neutralizing antibodies in the assays employed. Twenty-five of the 26 people had significant levels of the Mx-homologous protein in their peripheral mononuclear cells. The Mx concentrations varied from 0.3 to 6 U/ml in the people studied. IFN alpha-positive people had significantly higher levels of the Mx homolog than IFN alpha-negative people (P less than 0.03). Furthermore, the Mx homolog content in Walter-Reed class 2 people was significantly lower than in Walter-Reed class 5/6 people (P less than 0.01). Our results suggest that the IFN system is activated in more than 90% of the people with lymphadenopathy-associated syndrome, AIDS-related complex and AIDS. Since acid-labile IFN alpha can induce the Mx homolog in vitro endogenously produced IFN alpha seems likely to be responsible for the high Mx homolog levels detected.
Solar Fuel Production Based on the Artificial Photosynthesis System (2011)

Abstract Models of photosynthesis mimetic systems, the so‐called artificial photosynthesis systems, have been investigated since the 1970s for the purpose of tapping solar energy. With the deterioration of the global environment in the 21st century, attributed to global warming and greenhouse gas emissions, it has become imperative to identify new fuel sources such as solar energy to replace fossil fuels. Among the new fuel production systems, those involving the use of solar energy have attracted attention; examples are systems that produce hydrogen through water photolysis and those that produce methanol by CO 2 reduction with the aid of an artificial photosynthesis system. As hydrogen and methanol are low‐carbon fuels (the emission of CO 2 from the combustion of these fuels is low), they are considered to be alternatives to fossil resources. In this review, solar fuel production systems consisting of an artificial photosynthesis system, a catalyst, and an enzyme are discussed. These systems are expected to help in reducing CO 2 and to promote the use of low‐carbon fuels in the future.
The lack of transcriptional activation of the v-erbA oncogene is in part due to a mutation present in the DNA binding domain of the protein (1990)

Using a transient co-transfection system we have demonstrated that response elements for estrogen (ER), thyroid hormone (TR) and retinoic acid receptors (RAR) are closely related. Thyroid hormone-induced activation of transcription was observed in CV1 cells and not in HeLa cells, suggesting the existence of cell-specific transcription factors necessary for the response. By contrast to its cellular counterpart (c-erbA/cTR alpha) the oncogene protein gag v-erbA is unable to activate gene transcription from different response elements derived from the rat growth hormone (rGH) gene promoter. A chimeric construct consisting of the ER in which the DNA binding domain has been replaced by that of cTR alpha was able to stimulate the reporter gene. In contrast, a construct in which ER DNA binding domain has been replaced by that of gag v-erbA did not activate gene transcription. These results lead us to the conclusion that the mutated DNA binding domain of v-erbA is in part responsible for the lack of transcriptional activation and in repression of gene expression. This is due in large part to the Gly73----Ser mutation which corresponds to the position of one of the three discriminating amino acids that are thought to interact with a specific base of the response element.
A Quartz Tube Based Ag/Ag<sup>+</sup>Reference Electrode with a Tungsten Tip Junction for an Electrochemical Study in Molten Salts (2009)

A newly designed Ag/<TEX>$Ag^+$</TEX> reference electrode in a quartz tube with a tungsten tip junction (W-tip-Quartz- REF) was fabricated and its electrochemical performance was compared with a conventional Pyrex tube-based Ag/<TEX>$Ag^+$</TEX> reference electrode (Py-REF). The results of the electrochemical potential measurements with the W-tip-Quartz- REF and the Py-REF in the LiCl-KCl eutectic melts for a wide temperature range proved that the oxide layer on the surface of the tungsten metal tip provided a high ionic conduction. Stability of our newly designed W-tip- Quartz-REF was tested by measuring a junction potential for 12 hours at 700<TEX>${^{\circ}C}$</TEX>. The results of the cyclic voltammetric measurement indicated that the Ag/<TEX>$Ag^+$</TEX> reference electrode in the quartz tube with a tungsten tip junction can provide a good performance for a wide temperature range.
Activation of HER family members in gastric carcinoma cells mediates resistance to MET inhibition (2010)

Our findings predict that gastric cancer tumors bearing constitutive activation of HER family members are poorly responsive to MET inhibition, even if this receptor is constitutively active. Moreover, the appearance of these alterations might also be responsible for the onset of resistance in initially responsive tumors.
Experience in Rotor Balancing of Large Commercial Jet Engines (1995)

Experienceouerthepasttenyearsinvibration and cabin noise control of new airplane jemgine systems Is summarized. why the newer systems required more stigent control is discussed. he transitionfrom single plane balance methods, in cmnnwn use on older systems, to conventional 2.plane influence coefFcient @.C.J methods, and then to optimized 2-p&e LC. methods is described. Examples of residual unbalancepredictionsfrom an esive testdatabasearesholun.Applicanonoffiniteelement analysis to understand data anomalies is described. Issues ofI.C. uariance and use ofgeneric LC.‘s are di.cussed. Improwments using optimized balance methods are shown. Aduanced control systems are discussed inCludingLLseoftransientengine-andairplaneon-board data acquiGtion systems. Projections for future design method.5 are o&red.
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E‐mediated recessive resistance to plant viruses and its utility in crop improvement (2012)

The use of genetic resistance is considered to be the most effective and sustainable approach to the control of plant pathogens. Although most of the known natural resistance genes are monogenic dominant R genes that are predominant against fungi and bacteria, more and more recessive resistance genes against viruses have been cloned in the last decade. Interestingly, of the 14 natural recessive resistance genes against plant viruses that have been cloned from diverse plant species thus far, 12 encode the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) or its isoform eIF(iso)4E. This review is intended to summarize the current state of knowledge about eIF4E and the possible mechanisms underlying its essential role in virus infection, and to discuss recent progress and the potential of eIF4E as a target gene in the development of genetic resistance to viruses for crop improvement.
Attendance Check System and Implementation for Wi-Fi Networks Supporting Unlimited Number of Concurrent Connections (2015)

In the past, we used to call the name of members for the purpose of attendance checking by managers (or instructors). They verify the identity of member's participation by human recognition using facial and voice matching. This approach is time-consuming because the number of members is getting increased. Moreover, they may have to recheck any of the students’ presence at the end of the period manually. In this research, we offer a convenient novel attendance checking method to take advantage of Wi-Fi 802.11x technology. Our application initiates AP mode Wi-Fi service for checking attendance of users in which a token is generated only to a person who is close to a manager. If a member has the token, the smart application of the member will connect and report to attendance server. Otherwise, the smart application of the member will report to the server that the users/students are not near the manager. By this way managers/instructors can easily check the member's attendance. In addition, this research proposes a novel concept that unlimited number of devices can be supported. We make use of Wi-Fi scan (rather than connect) to the manager's AP enabled smart devices, resulting in an enhanced scalability.
<i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbenes in Materials Chemistry (2019)

N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have become one of the most widely studied class of ligands in molecular chemistry and have found applications in fields as varied as catalysis, the stabilization of reactive molecular fragments, and biochemistry. More recently, NHCs have found applications in materials chemistry and have allowed for the functionalization of surfaces, polymers, nanoparticles, and discrete, well-defined clusters. In this review, we provide an in-depth look at recent advances in the use of NHCs for the development of functional materials.