gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New synthesis of the amino-acid (±)-cucurbitine (1973)

Stepwise reduction of ethyl 3-azido-2-oxo-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylate (5), readily available from ethyl 2,3-dioxopiperidine-4-carboxylate (1) through a novel ring contraction, leads to (±)-cucurbitine (9).
Rapid isolation of leukocyte subsets from fresh and cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells in clinical research. (2013)

Isolation and processing blood into leukocyte subsets are important processes in research. Although methods have been developed to fractionate small volumes of blood, optimizing the methods and balancing the underlying costs are often necessary. The need for such optimization is particularly critical when processing larger volumes of blood. We describe a simple and reproducible method for processing larger volumes of fresh blood rapidly and consistently, which yields peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and leukocyte subsets with high purity (81-96%; n=13) and higher yields relative to stored blood. RNA isolated from these cells was found to be suitable for downstream applications. Blood stored for 24 hours (n=4) before processing resulted in significantly lower yields of PBMCs (58 percent lower), T cells (52 percent lower), B cells (21 percent lower) and monocytes (25 percent lower) compared to fresh blood. However, the purity of the fractionated cells was comparable to that obtained with fresh blood. Furthermore, we report that the yield and purity of the leukocyte subsets isolated from cryopreserved PBMCs (n=4) were not compromised.
SOFTCARDINALITY-CORE: Improving Text Overlap with Distributional Measures for Semantic Textual Similarity (2013)

www.gelbukh.com Soft cardinality has been shown to be a very strong text-overlapping baseline for the task of measuring semantic textual similarity (STS), obtaining 3 rd place in SemEval-2012. At *SEM-2013 shared task, beside the plain textoverlapping approach, we tested within soft cardinality two distributional word-similarity functions derived from the ukWack corpus. Unfortunately, we combined these measures with other features using regression, obtaining positions 18 th, 22 nd and 23 rd among the 90 participants systems in the official ranking. Already after the release of the gold standard annotations of the test data, we observed that using only the similarity measures without combining them with other features would have obtained positions 6 th, 7 th and 8 th; moreover, an arithmetic average of these similarity measures would have been 4 th (mean=0.5747). This paper describes both the 3 systems as they were submitted and the similarity measures that would obtained those better results. 1
Stereoselective synthesis of dioxabicycles from 1-<i>C</i>-allyl-2-<i>O</i>-benzyl-glycosides An intramolecular cyclization between 2-<i>O</i>-benzyl oxygen and the allyl double bond (2006)

Addition of a proton to the double bond of 1-C-allyl-O-benzylglycosides gave a 2′-carbonium ion, which in turn reacted intramolecularly, in a regio- and diastereo-selective manner, with the nucleophilic oxygen of the 2-O-benzyl group to form an oxonium intermediate. Subsequent cleavage of the benzyl CO bond led to dioxabicycles in moderate yields. Surprisingly, opposite diastereoselectivities were observed from 1-C-allylglycofuranosides and 1-C-allylglycopyranosides, which produced 2,2′-trans- and 2,2′-cis-dioxabicycles, respectively.Key words: C-glycoside, olefin, cyclization, oxocarbonium, dioxabicycles.
Principles for Measurability in Protocol Design (2017)

Measurement has become fundamental to the operation of networks and at-scale services---whether for management, security, diagnostics, optimization, or simply enhancing our collective understanding of the Internet as a complex system. Further, measurements are useful across points of view---from end hosts to enterprise networks and data centers to the wide area Internet. We observe that many measurements are decoupled from the protocols and applications they are designed to illuminate. Worse, current measurement practice often involves the exploitation of side-effects and unintended features of the network; or, in other words, the artful piling of hacks atop one another. This state of affairs is a direct result of the relative paucity of diagnostic and measurement capabilities built into today's network stack. Given our modern dependence on ubiquitous measurement, we propose \emph{measurability} as an explicit low-level goal of current protocol design, and argue that measurements should be available to all network protocols throughout the stack. We seek to generalize the idea of measurement \emph{within} protocols, e.g., the way in which TCP relies on measurement to drive its end-to-end behavior. Rhetorically, we pose the question: \textit{what if the stack had been built with measurability and diagnostic support in mind?} We start from a set of principles for explicit measurability, and define primitives that, were they supported by the stack, would not only provide a solid foundation for protocol design going forward, but also reduce the cost and increase the accuracy of measuring the network.
Formation of Spheroidal Aggregates of Hepatocytes on Biodegradable Polymers Under Continuous-Flow Bioreactor Conditions* (1998)

Our laboratory has investigated heterotopic hepatocyte transplantation on biodegradable polymer matrices as an experimental treatment for end-stage liver disease. One of the limitations has been survival of sufficient cell mass after transplantation. We hypothesize that in vitro conditioning of cells within polymer matrices prior to implantation may increase hepatocyte survival and function. In this preliminary study we investigated the effect of continuous flow on hepatocytes and sinusoidal endothelial cells on poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) discs in vitro. Highly porous PLLA discs were manufactured measuring 18 mm diameter by 1 mm thickness using previously described techniques. Hepatocytes were isolated from adult, male Lewis rats (200-300 g) using a two-step collagenase digestion. Sinusoidal endothelial cells were isolated using a two-step collagenase digestion, differential sedimentation, Percoll gradient centrifugation, and selective adherence. PLLA discs were seeded with hepatocytes alone or with co-cultures of hepatocytes and sinusoidal endothelial cells. Seeded discs were then secured within a flow bioreactor chamber and exposed to continuous flow of culture media at a rate of 20 ml/minute through the chamber. Seeded discs placed in static culture conditions served as controls. Specimens seeded with only hepatocytes were harvested at 24 hours, 48 hours, and 168 hours after seeding. Co-culture specimens were harvested after 168 hours. Specimens were viewed under phase-contrast microscopy and then formalin-fixed and prepared for histologic sectioning. Sections were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin and then analyzed with light microscopy. Hepatocytes under flow conditions formed spheroidal aggregates of cells of 50 to 200 microns in diameter by 24 hours in culture. Hepatocytes in static conditions showed decreased aggregation of cells and spheroid formation was absent. Co-cultured specimens under flow also showed spheroid formation with endothelial cells lining the outside of hepatocyte spheroids. Co-cultured specimens in static culture showed no spheroid formation and no organization between sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatocytes. These results suggest that continuous flow increases organization of hepatocytes cultured within biodegradable polymer matrices.
Centralized Surveillance of Unused Address Space by using Virtual Networks (2006)

Considerable attention has been paid to the Internet security. Honeypot is one of effective mechanism to detect and analyze intruders activities. Since packets sent to honeypots are almost always malicious, thus false alerts, that is serious problems in the normal intrusion detection system, are minimized. However, there are two important disadvantages in honeypot. First, the scope of a honeypot is limited to the address it attached. Second, there are potential risk that honeypot is compromised by a smart intruder. In this paper, we propose a centralized surveillance of unused address space. The whole unused addresses in the organization are virtually watched by a small number of the honeypots installed in a special network under the control. By the aggregation of honeypots, honeypots may be supervised well, and the risk of compromise may be reduced. The surveillance system can be established without making alternation in existing network equipments. It selects the address under surveillance autonomously. It is able to adapt to addition and deletion of networks and hosts without any administration.
Sensorimotor Function and Dizziness in Neck Pain: Implications for Assessment and Management (2009)

Level 5.
Effective Anomaly Detection with Scarce Training Data (2010)

Learning-based anomaly detection has proven to be an effective black-box technique for detecting unknown attacks. However, the effectiveness of this technique crucially depends upon both the quality and the com-pleteness of the training data. Unfortunately, in most cases, the traffic to the system (e.g., a web applica-tion or daemon process) protected by an anomaly de-tector is not uniformly distributed. Therefore, some components (e.g., authentication, payments, or content publishing) might not be exercised enough to train an anomaly detection system in a reasonable time frame. This is of particular importance in real-world settings, where anomaly detection systems are deployed with lit-tle or no manual configuration, and they are expected to automatically learn the normal behavior of a system to detect or block attacks. In this work, we first demonstrate that the features utilized to train a learning-based detector can be se-mantically grouped, and that features of the same group tend to induce similar models. Therefore, we propose addressing local training data deficiencies by exploiting clustering techniques to construct a knowledge base of well-trained models that can be utilized in case of un-dertraining. Our approach, which is independent of the particular type of anomaly detector employed, is vali-dated using the realistic case of a learning-based system protecting a pool of web servers running several web applications such as blogs, forums, or Web services. We run our experiments on a real-world data set containing over 58 million HTTP requests to more than 36,000 dis-tinct web application components. The results show that by using the proposed solution, it is possible to achieve effective attack detection even with scarce training data.
Comparison of whole chloroplast genome sequences to choose noncoding regions for phylogenetic studies in angiosperms: the tortoise and the hare III (2007)

Although the chloroplast genome contains many noncoding regions, relatively few have been exploited for interspecific phylogenetic and intraspecific phylogeographic studies. In our recent evaluation of the phylogenetic utility of 21 noncoding chloroplast regions, we found the most widely used noncoding regions are among the least variable, but the more variable regions have rarely been employed. That study led us to conclude that there may be unexplored regions of the chloroplast genome that have even higher relative levels of variability. To explore the potential variability of previously unexplored regions, we compared three pairs of single-copy chloroplast genome sequences in three disparate angiosperm lineages: Atropa vs. Nicotiana (asterids); Lotus vs. Medicago (rosids); and Saccharum vs. Oryza (monocots). These three separate sequence alignments highlighted 13 mutational hotspots that may be more variable than the best regions of our former study. These 13 regions were then selected for a more detailed analysis. Here we show that nine of these newly explored regions (rpl32-trnL((UAG)), trnQ((UUG))-5'rps16, 3'trnV((UAC))-ndhC, ndhF-rpl32, psbD-trnT((GGU)), psbJ-petA, 3'rps16-5'trnK((UUU)), atpI-atpH, and petL-psbE) offer levels of variation better than the best regions identified in our earlier study and are therefore likely to be the best choices for molecular studies at low taxonomic levels.
α,β-Unsaturated Nitriles in Heterocyclic Synthesis. Novel Synthesis of Pyridines and Thieno[2,3-<i>b</i>]pyridine Derivatives (1988)

Abstract Arylmethylenecyanothioacetamide reacts with ethyl acetoacetate and acetylacetone to give the corresponding 3-cyano-2(1H)-pyridinethione derivatives, which can be alkylated at sulfur atom and cyclized into the corresponding thieno[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives.
The effect of dextran 70 on the structure of plasma-derived fibrin gels. (1980)

Measurements of fiber mass-length ratios and fibrin gel elastic modulus as a function of dextran 70 concentration are reported for fibrin gels derived from human plasma. Dextran 70 at 0.1 mg/ml produces a 50% reduction in the storage modulus of fibrin gels obtained from human plasma diluted 1:10 with saline. Since the fibrin fiber diameter increases as only a weak function of the dextran 70 concentration, the lower elastic modulus most likely results from a reduction in network branch points. Aprotinin is also shown to modulate the dextran effect.
Multidimensional and Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (2003)

Coupled-column GC analysis has had a long and successful history. From methods as diverse as simple direct sequential connection of columns, through intermediate pressure-tuning and flow-modulated operation, to conventional and advanced heartcut multidimensional GC (MDGC), and most recently comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC GC), it is clear that the search for innovative ways with which to exploit the ease of multi(dual)-column geometries for enhancing the separation power of GC has been an on-going goal. Here, we explore briefly the different modes that have been used in MDGC, highlighting the GC GC technique, and the ways that these have opened up various expanded capacity strategies for volatile and complex sample analysis. The long history of MDGC belies the very recent surge in activity surrounding GC GC, and we conclude that this offers the ultimate high-resolution opportunity for volatile and semi-volatile analysis. Within the technology specifically developed for GC GC, several new multidimensional approaches have been developed in parallel. These are also placed into context.
Purification of two subspecies of human gamma (immune) interferon. (1982)

Interferon (IFN)-gamma was produced in cultures of human leukocytes by combined stimulation with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA). IFN-gamma was purified by sequential adsorption and elution from controlled-pore glass and concanavalin A-Sepharose and by subsequent adsorptive removal of contaminating proteins on DEAE-Sephacel at pH 8.0. Treatment of such partially purified IFN-gamma preparations with the anionic detergent NaDodSO4 (0.1% at 20-25 degrees C) decreased biological activity to approximately 5-20%. When analyzed by NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the bulk of IFN activity not destroyed by NaDodSO4 treatment was recovered from two peaks with apparent molecular weights of 20,000 and 25,000. The two activity peaks showed close correspondence with Coomassie blue-stained bands regularly demonstrable in purified supernatants from induced cultures but absent from culture supernatants from uninduced cells. Available evidence suggests that the two bands, isolated in pure form, represent subspecies of IFN-gamma. Native IFN-gamma was found to have a lower affinity for alkyl agarose columns than human IFN-alpha or IFN-beta did, suggesting that IFN-gamma is a relatively hydrophilic protein. Sulfhydryl-specific binding of native IFN-gamma to an Affi-Gel 501 column suggested that this IFN contains free sulfhydryl.
Preparation and in vitro characterization of gelatin microspheres containing Levodopa for nasal administration (2000)

Transnasal absorption of pharmaceutical drugs has been recognized as an interesting alternative to the more conventional routes of administration. The aim of this paper was to develop a method of administrating L-dopa following the transnasal route. Gelatin microspheres were prepared by the w/o emulsification solvent extraction technique: the microspheres had a median particle size of 16.2 +/- 4.2 microm and were prepared using a stirring speed of 600 rpm for 5 min at 80 degrees C. The microspheres obtained were spherical and smooth-surfaced, and the microsphere size was inversely proportional to stirring speed (300-700 rpm) and to the percentage of the emulsifier (Tween 85, 1.4-2.7% v/v). L-dopa was incorporated into the microspheres with an efficiency of 65 +/- 6.7%. L-dopa was released from the microspheres, showing an initial fast release rate, followed by a second slower release rate.
MSV FENNICA, A NOVEL ICEBREAKER CONCEPT (1994)

The multipurpose icebreaker FENNICA (delivered in March 1993) and her sister ship NORDICA (delivered in January 1994) are intended to be used in wintertime in the Baltic Sea to escort icebreakers and in summertime as multipurpose offshore vessels mainly in the North Sea. These missions lead to a somewhat contradictory design requirement. The design of the vessel is described, mainly pointing out the design as an icebreaker, but noting also the effect of the offshore operations requirements on the design. The full-scale tests results are presented. AS well as the normal propulsion tests in level ice, emphasis was put on the manoeuvring characteristics and operational aspects to find out the benefits of the new propulsion system. The icebreaking capability of the vessel is compared with several other icebreakers.
Enhancement of the damaged edentulous ridge to receive dental implants: a combination of allograft and the GORE-TEX membrane. (1992)

A severely damaged edentulous ridge frequently obviates the placement of dental implants or results in placing them at an angle that compromises the prosthetic restoration. This paper demonstrates the repair of severely resorbed edentulous ridges by a combination of bone allografting and the placement of a barrier membrane. The damaged edentulous ridge is treated first in this two-stage process. The implants are then installed at a second surgery.
Intramolecular Pictet-Spengler reaction of N-alkoxytryptophans and tryptamines. 2. Synthesis of Corynanthe alkaloid derivatives containing a tetrahydro-1,2-oxazine as the D ring (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntramolecular Pictet-Spengler reaction of N-alkoxytryptophans and tryptamines. 2. Synthesis of Corynanthe alkaloid derivatives containing a tetrahydro-1,2-oxazine as the D ringPedro H. H. Hermkens, Jan H. Van Maarseveen, Harry W. Berens, Jan M. M. Smits, Chris G. Kruse, and Hans W. ScheerenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 7, 2200–2206Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00294a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00294a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views350Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Scattering of TE Waves by Cavity-Backed Slots (2002)

A rigorous solution of the problem of a TE wave scattering by a finite number of slots in a PEC plane backed by resonant cavities is given. The scattering problem formulated in terms of system of singular integral equations has been solved by the method of analytical regularization. Application of the regularization procedure allowed obtaining an accurate and numerically efficient solution at resonant and non-resonant frequencies
A review of the 'shorted emitter’ principle as applied to p—n—p—n silicon controlled rectifiers † (1971)

Abstract For several years the so-called ’ shorted emitter ’ principle has been used widely to improve the performance of silicon-controlled rectifiers.In this paper the evolution of the emitter shunt ig surveyed, and a review of simple theoretical principles is followed by an account of experiments which substantiate the general theory.
Social Security: The Chilean Approach to Retirement (2007)

[Excerpt] This CRS report focuses on the Chilean individual retirement accounts system. It begins with a description of the U.S. Social Security policy debate, along with a brief comparison of Chile and the United States. Next, the report explains what Chile?s individual retirement accounts system is and how it works. The pension reform bill sent to the Chilean Congress for debate in 2007 is also discussed. The report does not address other components of Chile?s social security system, such as maternity, work injury, and unemployment.
Sulfatide is a negative regulator of oligodendrocyte differentiation: Development in sulfatide‐null mice (2003)

Galactosylceramide (GalC) and its sulfated analogue, sulfatide, are major galactosphingolipid components of myelin and oligodendrocyte plasma membranes in the nervous system. We previously hypothesized that these galactolipids play functional roles in the regulation of oligodendrocyte terminal differentiation by acting as sensors/transmitters of environmental information. Evidence strongly supports this idea. First, these molecules are initially expressed on the cell surface at the interface at which oligodendrocyte progenitors first enter terminal differentiation. Second, exposure of oligodendrocyte progenitors to anti-GalC/-sulfatide (RmAb) or antisulfatide (O4), but not anti-GalC (O1), antibodies leads to the reversible arrest of oligodendrocyte lineage progression at this interface. Third, in cerebroside galactosyl transferase-null mice (Cgt(-/-)) that are unable to synthesize either GalC or sulfatide, terminal differentiation and morphological maturation of oligodendrocytes are enhanced. In the present study, we examined oligodendrocytes differentiation in cerebroside sulfotransferase-null mice (Cst(-/-)) that lack sulfatide but express GalC. We show that cerebroside sulfotransferase mRNA expression begins already in the embryonic spinal cord and progressively increases with age, that the late progenitor marker POA is not synthesized in the absence of this enzyme, and that, most notably, there is a two- to threefold enhancement in the number of terminally differentiated oligodendrocytes both in culture and in vivo, similar to that in mice lacking both GalC and sulfatide. We conclude that primarily sulfatide, rather than GalC, is a key molecule for the negative regulation of oligodendrocyte terminal differentiation.
[Experimental study on risk factors of pneumoconiosis caused by dust in the industry of new construction materials containing glass and coal waste]. (1994)

The study compared cytotoxicity and fibrogenic ability of quartzitic dust to that appearing at 3 sites of light building filler production based on ground glass or clinker. Obtained results prove possible pneumoconiosis development caused by exposure to such dust types, especially in the production using ground glass. The MAC in this type of production is 2 mg/cu m, for the dust in production using clinker the MAC is 4 mg/cu m.