gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Consul: a parallel constraint language (1989)

The author describes a constraint-based language, Consul, that can exploit implicit parallelism. The results are reported of the first stage of the Consul project, which was designed to produce empirical evidence for or against Consul as a parallel language. To produce the evidence, a parallel-execution model is developed that is based on local propagation and uses some important generalizations of earlier work on local propagation. A set of tools was developed to measure the execution of several Consul programs. The results suggest that considerable parallelism is available in Consul programs and that local propagation is a viable mechanism for solving most real-world constraints. The Consul programs demonstrate that programmers can control performance through the proper choice of algorithms, despite Consul's declarative nature.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Anonymous Traitor Tracing: How to Embed Arbitrary Information in a Key. (2015)

In a traitor tracing scheme, each user is given a different decryption key. A content distributor can encrypt digital content using a public encryption key and each user in the system can decrypt it using her decryption key. Even if a coalition of users combines their decryption keys and constructs some “pirate decoder ” that is capable of decrypting the content, there is a public tracing algorithm that is guaranteed to recover the identity of at least one of the users in the coalition given black-box access to such decoder. In prior solutions, the users are indexed by numbers 1,..., N and the tracing algorithm recovers the index i of a user in a coalition. Such solutions implicitly require the content distributor to keep a record that associates each index i with the actual identifying information for the corresponding user (e.g., name, address, etc.) in order to ensure accountability. In this work, we construct traitor tracing schemes where all of the identifying information about the user can be embedded directly into the user’s key and recovered by the tracing algorithm. In particular, the content distributor does not need to separately store any records about the users of the system, and honest users can even remain anonymous to the content distributor. The main technical difficulty comes in designing tracing algorithms that can handle an exponentially large universe of possible identities, rather than just a polynomial set of indices i ∈ [N]. We solve this by abstracting out an interesting algorithmic problem that has surprising connections with seemingly unre-lated areas in cryptography. We also extend our solution to a full “broadcast-trace-and-revoke ” scheme in which the traced users can subsequently be revoked from the system. Depending on parameters, some of our schemes can be based only on the existence of public-key encryption while others rely on indistinguishability obfuscation.
The wireless Internet today and tomorrow (2000)

I review the current technology for accessing the Web using wireless handheld devices. There is a lot of excitement in the news about the wireless Internet. The current technology is limited, but fortunately, everything is about to change in the wireless world. We are about to face changes across the board in wireless Internet access: infrastructure, devices, and user interfaces will all change dramatically. However, if there isn't a common glue between devices and servers connected to the wireless Internet, the growth will be slower than expected. One of HTML's most important contributions has been its ability to provide a glue. The fact that all servers and browsers use a common markup language is one factor in the global spread of Internet usage. HTML's successor should be able to keep up with the multiplication of display devices of different types and capabilities. If we can clearly organize the language into classes of features and embrace, rather than isolate, different user interface modalities, we will witness again a rapid growth, similar to the Web's early days.
Multispectral imaging of absorption and scattering properties of<i>in vivo</i>exposed rat brain using a digital red-green-blue camera (2015)

In order to estimate multispectral images of the absorption and scattering properties in the cerebral cortex of in vivo rat brain, we investigated spectral reflectance images estimated by the Wiener estimation method using a digital RGB camera. A Monte Carlo simulation-based multiple regression analysis for the corresponding spectral absorbance images at nine wavelengths (500, 520, 540, 560, 570, 580, 600, 730, and 760 nm) was then used to specify the absorption and scattering parameters of brain tissue. In this analysis, the concentrations of oxygenated hemoglobin and that of deoxygenated hemoglobin were estimated as the absorption parameters, whereas the coefficient a and the exponent b of the reduced scattering coefficient spectrum approximated by a power law function were estimated as the scattering parameters. The spectra of absorption and reduced scattering coefficients were reconstructed from the absorption and scattering parameters, and the spectral images of absorption and reduced scattering coefficients were then estimated. In order to confirm the feasibility of this method, we performed in vivo experiments on exposed rat brain. The estimated images of the absorption coefficients were dominated by the spectral characteristics of hemoglobin. The estimated spectral images of the reduced scattering coefficients had a broad scattering spectrum, exhibiting a larger magnitude at shorter wavelengths, corresponding to the typical spectrum of brain tissue published in the literature. The changes in the estimated absorption and scattering parameters during normoxia, hyperoxia, and anoxia indicate the potential applicability of the method by which to evaluate the pathophysiological conditions of in vivo brain due to the loss of tissue viability.
Common germline variation at the <i>TERT</i> locus contributes to familial clustering of myeloproliferative neoplasms (2014)

The C allele of the rs2736100 single nucleotide polymorphism located in the second intron of the TERT gene has recently been identified as a susceptibility factor for myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) in the Icelandic population. Here, we evaluate the role of TERT rs2736100_C in sporadic and familial MPN in the context of the previously identified JAK2 GGCC predisposition haplotype. We have confirmed the TERT rs2736100_C association in a large cohort of Italian sporadic MPN patients. The risk conferred by TERT rs2736100_C is present in all molecular and diagnostic MPN subtypes. TERT rs2736100_C and JAK2 GGCC are independently predisposing to MPN and have an additive effect on disease risk, together explaining a large fraction of the population attributable fraction (PAF = 73.06%). We found TERT rs2736100_C significantly enriched (P = 0.0090) in familial MPN compared to sporadic MPN, suggesting that low-penetrance variants may be responsible for a substantial part of familial clustering in MPN.
The Escherichia coli mutant requiring D-glutamic acid is the result of mutations in two distinct genetic loci (1993)

D-Glutamic acid is an essential component of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Very little is known concerning the genetics and biochemistry of D-glutamate production in most bacteria, including Escherichia coli. Evidence is presented in this report for the roles of two distinct genes in E. coli WM335, a strain which is auxotrophic for D-glutamate. The first gene, which restores D-glutamate independence in WM335, was mapped, cloned, and sequenced. This gene, designated dga, is a previously reported open reading frame, located at 89.8 min on the E. coli map. The second gene, gltS, is located at 82 min. gltS encodes a protein that is involved in the transport of D- and L-glutamic acid into E. coli, and the gltS gene of WM335 was found to contain two missense mutations. To construct D-glutamate auxotrophs, it is necessary to transfer sequentially the mutated gltS locus, and then the mutated dga locus into the recipient. The sequences of the mutant forms of both dga and gltS are also presented.
Structure and Electrochemical Performance of Niobium-Substituted Spinel Lithium Titanium Oxide Synthesized by Solid-State Method (2011)

Niobium-substituted electrodes have been synthesized by a solid-state method. The structure and electrochemical performance of these as prepared powders have been characterized by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetery (TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and the galvanostatic charge–discharge test. The XRD and RS results show that the can partially replace and in the spinel and there are very few oxygen vacancies in the with a higher electronic conductivity. The Nb-doped lithium titanium oxide samples show smaller particle size and more regular morphology structure, and has the highest initial discharge capacity and cycling performance among all the samples cycled between 0.0 and . CV implies that the niobium doping is beneficial to the reversible intercalation and deintercalation of . EIS indicates that has a smaller charge transfer resistance corresponding to a much higher conductivity than that of corresponding to the extraction of ions. The superior cycling performance and wide discharge voltage range, as well as simple synthesis route and low synthesis cost of the are expected to show a potential commercial application.
Understanding Residents’ Physical Activity Intention and Behavior Amid COVID-19 Pandemic (2022)

Proper and regular physical activity (PA) plays an important role in improving people's health. With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has posed a serious threat to individual health, residents' PA has aroused deep concern. Based on the theory of planned behavior, this study examines the impact of residents' PA intention and behavior in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected from a sample of 961 residents in Wuhan in China using a questionnaire survey. The results show that residents' PA intention and behavior have been affected significantly by residents' PA attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. The COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on both residents' PA intention and behavior. In addition, there were gender and region differences in this impact. The findings are of great significance in promoting residents' PA intention and PA behavior, which are of positive significance to the development of residents' physical and mental health in the period of global serious health crisis.
Simulator for MPLS path restoration and performance evaluation (2002)

Path restoration in multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) is the technique to reroute traffic around a failure in a label switched path (LSP). Recently many schemes on path restoration have been proposed, which prompt the necessity of a simulator. This paper proposes a simulator for path restoration, which supports not only protection configurations such as pre-negotiated protection and dynamic protection, but also protection activation such as global repair and local repair. By using the proposed simulator, the existing schemes are simulated and compared in terms of packet loss, reordering of packets, and resource utilization, respectively. Those schemes are Haskin, Makam, and simple-dynamic. In the simulation, both best-effort traffic and QoS traffic are used as traffic to be protected. LSPs for best-effort traffic are setup by using explicit routed (ER) LSP, which does not consider resource reservation but can utilize the rest of the bandwidth of the link. LSPs for QoS traffic are setup by using constraint-based routed (CR) LSP, which is guaranteed the bandwidth required but can not utilize the rest of the bandwidth of the link.
Autonomous load sharing and mutual priority protocol using fuzzy numbers (1994)

This paper presents a fuzzy number approach to autonomous load sharing in distributed processing systems. Autonomous load sharing is a function to keep well-balanced load distribution all around the network system automatically. In a distributed processing system, it is effective in improving the throughput and the network transparency. The authors present the mutual priority protocol which realizes effective autonomous load sharing on any network architecture. This protocol is based on the mutual priority algorithm which solves assignment problem formulated with two kinds of priority orders and assignment rule for three states, i.e. "accept", "reserve" and "reject". According to the algorithm, the authors define T-P order for the priority level fixed by the task toward processors in the system, and P-T order for the priority level fixed by the processor to unattended tasks. In each processor, unattended tasks are in one of above three states. The "reserve" state is effective for making the load sharing function flexible against accidental or unexpected fluctuations of load in the system. The authors describe the fuzzification of the mutual priority protocol and discuss the effect of fuzzification from the view point of throughput in distributed processing systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Memory Driven Feature-Based Design (1993)

The act of design is a critical operation in the whole train of event's of manufacturing. Improvement of the efficiency and effectiveness of the design process would certainly have a major effect on the entire manufacturing operation as a whole. Engineering design seems to be an admixture of synthesis and analysis activities with synthesis dominating the conceptual design and embodiment design phases of the activity; and analysis dominating the problem definition and detailing phases of the activity. In addition, in nearly all phases of the design procedure, the designer often finds it helpful to be able to recollect many other previous designs or pertinent portions of such similar designs; and to be able to visualize or sketch variations on a theme; and to be able to evaluate those comparatively. This is especially true for circumstances where the person has not had extensive personal experience in this matter. The research reported on in this document focuses on that aspect of design and planning. Namely, how stores of public (handbook type) knowledge and memory of private (episodic) knowledge can be and should be used effectively in combination with computer-based systems, in support of designers and fabricators.... Memory, Neural networks, Features, Computer aided design.
Fundamental studies of grafting reactions in free radical copolymerization (1994)

A new method of measuring the efficiencies of free radical grafting reactions is presented. This technique utilized the compositional analysis capability of dual detector (UV and RI) gel permeation chromatography in which the mixture of polymer resulting from the graft copolymerization reaction is also subjected to separation by molecular size. Samples of the reaction mass drawn from a reactor are diluted with GPC carrier solvent and injected directly into the chromatograph without any other preparative step. Grafting efficiency, graft ratio, molecular weight distributions, and the frequency of graft chains along the backbone polymer are simultaneously determined. This simple technique overcomes the need to separate or purify the polymer mixture prior to analysis, as required for most other methods. Graft site initiation occurs by primary radical and/or polymeric radical attack on the backbone polymer. Graft site can be generated by either chain transfer reaction or double bond addition mechanism. The controlling mechanism is determined by the structure of the backbone and the activity of the free radicals. The efficiency of incorporation of monomer into the graft chains depends upon the graft site initiation mechanism, the mode of polymer chain termination (recombination or disproportionation) and chain transfer reactions. A series of kinetic studies of different grafting systems results in a series of uniquely different expressions describing the graft efficiency, $\phi$. The dependency of $\phi$ upon monomer, initiator and backbone concentrations is different from case to case. A complete kinetic model is also established, which is capable of predicting reaction rate, graft efficiency, graft frequency, graft ratio, and molecular weight averages and distributions. Simulations are provided to compare predicted results with experimental data for each system.
Electrical Conductivities in Shaly Sands-I. The Relation Between Hydrocarbon Saturation and Resistivity Index; II. The Temperature Coefficient Of Electrical Conductivity (1974)

The Waxman-Smits physical model for describing conductivity in shaly sand has been extended to allow for oil-bearing sand, and the required assumptions have been confirmed by laboratory measurements. A conclusion from the tests is that the effective concentration of clay-exchange cations increases in proportion to the decrease in water saturation. The temperature coefficients of electrical conductivity for a group of shaly sands were measured and these data were treated by the same model. Introduction Waxman and Smits have recently advanced a simple physical model describing shaly sand conductivities. physical model describing shaly sand conductivities. The model assumes:a parallel conductance mechanism for free electrolyte and clay-exchange cation components,an exchange cation mobility that increases to a maximum and constant value with increasing equilibrating electrolyte concentration, andidentical geometric conductivity constantsapplicable for the contributions of both the free electrolyte and the clay-exchange cation conductance to the sand conductivity. The general equation for water-saturated sands is then obtained:(1) with(2) Co and Cw are the specific conductances of the sand and equilibrating brine, respectively (mho cm). F* is the shaly sand formation resistivity factor, related to porosity (0) according to an Archie-type relation:(3) where m* is the porosity exponent. 1/F* is the slope of the straight-line portion of the Co vs Cw, curve. Qv is the effective concentration of clay-exchange cations (equiv/liter or meq/mi) and can be determined independently from the ratio of cation exchange capacity (meq per 100 gm of rock) per unit pore volume of rock (ml per 100 gm of rock). B represents the equivalent conductance of the clay counterions as a function of Cw with units of mho cm2 meq -1. lambda Na (or B max) is the maximum equivalent ionic conductance of the (sodium) exchange ions, and a and lambda are empirical constants. Waxman and Smits report values (Group 1 samples) of a = 0.83, = 0.02, and lambda Na = 38.3 cm2 equiv- 1 ohm-1 at 25 degrees C. Somewhat different values of the a, y, and lambda Na were reported by Waxman and Smits for another and considerably smaller set of shaly sand samples (Group 2). These were a = 0.6, lambda = 0.013, and lambda Na = 46.0 CM2 equiv-1 ohm-1 at 25 degrees C. Further work reported here (Table 2) supports the values obtained for the Group 1 samples. The Qv values calculated from conductivity data and a value of lambda Na = 38.3 cm2 equiv-1 ohm-1 agree within experimental error with Qv values determined by independent laboratory procedures for the new group of shaly sands used for this study. JPT P. 213
Discriminative analysis of resting-state brain functional connectivity patterns of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder using Kernel Principal Component Analysis (2011)

Resting state fMRI is an emerging research area that can reveal disorders and dysfunction of human brain. Resting state functional connectivity patterns have been reported for diagnosis of different diseases. In this study, Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) method based on connectivity matrix of each functional meaningful brain regions was applied to discriminate adult with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) from normal controls. Firstly, functional connectivity matrix was obtained as classify patterns. Secondly, Kendall tau rank correlation coefficient was applied to select features with high discriminative power, while KPCA was applied to find the abnormal pattern of ADHD in a much lower mainfold. Finally, the two groups of ADHD and normal participants were classified by a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. Experimental results showed that SVM based on KPCA can produce a correct classification rate of 81% using a leave-one-out cross validation, which indicate that KPCA is an effective method that can greatly improve the final discriminative performance. Moreover, we examined the brain regions with statistically significant difference, like the frontal cortex, insula, cingulate cortex, postcentral gyrus, thalamus, middle temporal cortex, well confirmed with previous findings on ADHD. From the classification performance, we conclude that KPCA based on functional connectivity matrix can provide useful information for diagnosis of ADHD and even other diseases.
Nonisotopic In Situ Hybridization for the Detection of Nuclear Retinoid Receptor Transcripts in Tissue Sections (1998)

Retinoids, a group of structural and functional analogs of vitamin A and clinically important agents for chemoprevention, can modulate epithelial differentiation and suppress carcinogenesis in various tissues, including skin, bladder, oral cavity, lung, and mammary gland in experimental animal-model systems by acting primarily as inhibitors of tumor promotion (1–3). More importantly, they are able to reverse premalignant lesions and inhibit the development of second primary tumors in the head and neck area and the skin in xeroderma pigmentosum patients (4–9). They are also useful in the therapy of several types of human cancer, primarily acute promyelocytic leukemia (9–13). It is thought that the ability of retinoids to modulate gene expression enables them to modulate the differentiation and growth of malignant cells, or to suppress the progression of premalignant cells to frank neoplastic lesions by redirecting their differentiation (14–18).
50-V LCD driver integrated in standard 5-V CMOS process (2002)

A multi-purpose row/column driver for panel Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD) has integrated in a standard unmodified low-voltage 2 /spl mu/m CMOS process. Driving capability of 50 V @ 200 kHz data-in clock rate and internal bias high-voltage generation are the main features of the driver. The circuit architecture is such as to allow parallel as well as multiplexed LCD driver applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Production of biosurfactants from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA 1 isolated in oil environments (2002)

The potential production of rhamnolipid-type biosurfactants is assessed based on the development of a fermentative process with a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA1, which was isolated from oil production wastewater in the Northeast of Brazil. These production of molecules using different carbon (n-hexadecane, paraffinic oil, glycerol and babassu oil) and nitrogen sources (NaNO3, (NH4)2SO4 and CH4N2O) was studied. The best results were obtained when using glycerol as substrate. A C/N ratio of 60/1 and use of sodium nitrate as nitrogen source resulted in higher production of the rhamnolipid, expressed by rhamnose (3.16 g/L) and by the yield in relation to biomass (Yp/x = 0.70 g/g). Additionally, physical-chemical characteristics of the spent broth with and without cells were studied, providing a low critical micelle concentration of 19 mg/L and toxicity values of 13 and 13.8 mg/L using two test organisms, the micro crustacean Daphnia similis and the bacterium Vibrio fisheri (Microtox), respectively.