gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The glycosylation of IgA produced by murine B cells is altered by Th2 cytokines (1997)

Abstract We sought to determine whether selected cytokines, known to profoundly increase proliferation and/or production of Ig by B cells and their progeny, also have as yet unrecognized effects upon IgA glycosylation. For these studies, we selected CH12LX mouse B lymphoma cells, a widely used model of B cell differentiation. Glycosylation was assessed by detection with enzyme-lectin conjugates in an immunoabsorption assay and verified by profiling and sequencing of the N-linked oligosaccharides. Stimulation of B cells with IL-4 plus IL-5 significantly alters the terminal glycosylation of secreted IgA, whereas LPS has a minor effect, despite the fact that both stimuli are equipotent at inducing Ig class switching and Ig secretion. Moreover, the alteration in terminal glycosylation was more profound on IgA secreted from surface IgM+ than from surface IgA+ CH12LX cells. These results suggest that the increased production of IL-4 and IL-5 by peripheral blood lymphocytes from IgA nephropathy patients might result in the production of abnormally glycosylated IgA. In turn, this abnormally glycosylated IgA may promote deposition of IgA in glomeruli in this disease.
In Vivo Activity of Ceftobiprole in Murine Skin Infections Due to<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>and<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2009)

Ceftobiprole, a broad-spectrum cephalosporin with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (P. Hebeisen et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45:825-836, 2001), was evaluated in a subcutaneous skin infection model with Staphylococcus aureus Smith OC 4172 (methicillin-susceptible S. aureus [MSSA]), S. aureus OC 8525 (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa OC 4351 (having an inducible AmpC beta-lactamase), and P. aeruginosa OC 4354 (overproducing AmpC beta-lactamase). In the MSSA and MRSA infection models, ceftobiprole, administered as the prodrug ceftobiprole medocaril, was more effective in reducing CFU/g skin (P < 0.001) than were cefazolin, vancomycin, or linezolid based on the dose-response profiles. Skin lesion volumes in MSSA-infected animals treated with ceftobiprole were 19 to 29% lower than those for cefazolin-, vancomycin-, or linezolid-treated animals (P < 0.001). In MRSA infections, lesion size in ceftobiprole-treated mice was 34% less than that with cefazolin or linezolid treatment (P < 0.001). Against P. aeruginosa, ceftobiprole at similar doses was as effective as meropenem-cilastatin in reductions of CFU/g skin, despite 8- and 32-fold-lower MICs for meropenem; both treatments were more effective than was cefepime (P < 0.001) against the inducible and overproducing AmpC beta-lactamase strains of P. aeruginosa. Ceftobiprole was similar to meropenem-cilastatin and 47 to 54% more effective than cefepime (P < 0.01) in reducing the size of the lesion caused by either strain of P. aeruginosa in this study. These studies indicate that ceftobiprole is effective in reducing both bacterial load and lesion volume associated with infections due to MSSA, MRSA, and P. aeruginosa in this murine model of skin and soft tissue infection.
Multi-band antenna design using multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (2005)

As wireless communication has achieved rapid development recently, the demand for a compact antenna capable of achieving multi-service performance is also increasing. Clearly, it is desirable to design the smallest antenna possible able to access simultaneously all available services, such as GSM, personal communication system (PCS), digital communication system (DCS), 3G services, access to WLAN, plus the newly emerging ultra wideband (UWB) radio communication system. The operating bands for these services are mainly focused on 0.8-1.0 GHz (GSM), 1.7-2.4 GHz (DCS, PCS, 3G services and WLAN) and 3.1-10.6 GHz (UWB). It is critical for the antenna to achieve good impedance matching and high radiation efficiency over all these frequencies. To achieve this, the triangular meander line structure is chosen for initial study, and the effective multi-objective algorithm, strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm (SPEA) (Zitzler, E and Thiele, L, 1999), is applied to optimize the antenna design. Details of the proposed triangular meander line antenna design are described, and simulation and experimental results of the proposed antenna are presented and discussed.
Optimization of amorphous silicon thin film solar cells for flexible photovoltaics (2008)

We investigate amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin film solar cells in the n-i-p or substrate configuration that allows the use of nontransparent and flexible substrates such as metal or plastic foils such as polyethylene-naphtalate (PEN). A substrate texture is used to scatter the light at each interface, which increases the light trapping in the active layer. In the first part, we investigate the relationship between the substrate morphology and the short circuit current, which can be increased by 20% compared to the case of flat substrate. In the second part, we investigate cell designs that avoid open-circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF) losses that are often observed on textured substrates. We introduce an amorphous silicon carbide n-layer (n-SiC), a buffer layer at the n/i interface, and show that the new cell design yields high Voc and FF on both flat and textured substrates. Furthermore, we investigate the relation between voids or nanocrack formations in the intrinsic layer and the textured substrate. It reveals that the initial growth of the amorphous layer is affected by the doped layer which itself is influenced by the textured substrate. Finally, the beneficial effect of our optical and electrical findings is used to fabricate a-Si:H solar cell on PEN substrate with an initial efficiency of 8.8% for an i-layer thickness of 270 nm.
Concept of Vulnerable/Unstable Plaque (2010)

Today's concept of vulnerable plaque has evolved primarily from the early pioneering work uncovering the pivotal role of plaque rupture and coronary thrombosis as the major cause of acute myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. Since the first historical description of plaque rupture in 1844, several key studies by leading researchers and clinicians have lead to the current accepted views on lesion instability. Important to the complex paradigm of plaque destabilization and thrombosis are many discoveries beginning with the earliest descriptions of advanced plaques, reminiscent of abscesses encapsulated by fibrous tissue capable of rupture. It was not until the late 1980s that studies of remodeling provided keen insight into the growth of advanced plaques, beyond the simple accumulation of lipid. The emphasis in the next decade, however, was on a focused shift toward the mechanisms of lesion vulnerability based on the contribution of tissue proteolysis by matrix metalloproteinases as an essential factor responsible for thinning and rupture of the fibrous cap. In an attempt to unify the understanding of what constitutes a vulnerable plaque, morphological studies, mostly from autopsy, suggest the importance of necrotic core size, inflammation, and fibrous cap thickness. Definitive proof of the vulnerable plaque, however, remains elusive because animal or human data supporting a cause-and-effect relationship are lacking. Although emerging imagining technologies involving optical coherence tomography, high-resolution MRI, molecular biomarkers, and other techniques have far surpassed the limits of the early days of angiography, advancing the field will require establishing relevant translational animal models that produce vulnerable plaques at risk for rupture and further testing of these modalities in large prospective clinical trials.
Ammonium Thymolphthalein Monophosphate as a New Substrate for Alkaline and Acid Phosphatase Determinations in Serum (1973)

Abstract A new substrate, ammonium thymolphthalein monophosphate, is proposed for use in alkaline and acid phosphatase determinations. The ammonium salt shares the advantages of the sodium salt, but is a more stable substrate and results in more stable working reagents. The substrate is buffered at pH 10.1 in diethanolamine for determining alkaline phosphatase activity in 5 min, and at pH 5.9 in citrate buffer for determining acid phosphatase activity in 30 min. The substrate is relatively specific for bone and liver alkaline phosphatase and prostatic acid phosphatase. Coefficients of variation were 2.5% and 6.6% for alkaline and acid phosphatase, respectively.
Hybrid Peer-to-Peer Solution for MMORPGs (2009)

This thesis provides an introduction to the MMORPG genre, and the challenges of engineering a networking system supporting these games, as well as the state of the art titles that exist on the market today. Further it describes the design and development of a peer-to-peer networking system to support MMORPG games, and basic testing of this system. It focuses on a broad theoretical approach to provide a solid background to understand the options available and choices made in the design of the system. The thesis presents a hybrid peer-to-peer concept that aims to reduce costs of operating an MMORPG, allowing smaller game developers to compete against major titles. It includes the main features that should be enabled in a distributed MMORPG architecture. The concept is designed to be flexible in terms of further development, allowing new features to be added with ease and providing game designers with multiple options. A proof-of-concept demo is implemented in Java, displaying the features through a simple interface, and tests showed that the concept has potential to challenge the client-server solutions that are dominating the market today.
Hydroxo-Bridged Dinuclear Cupric Complexes Encapsulated in Various Mesoporous Silicas to Mimic the Catalytic Activity of Catechol Oxidases: Reactivity and Selectivity Study (2009)

We report the synthesis and characterization of two hydroxo-bridged dinuclear cupric complexes, HPC [((phen)2Cu−OH−Cu(phen)2)3+, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline] and HBC [((bpy)2Cu−OH−Cu(bpy)2)3+, bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine], encapsulated in porous materials for the oxidation of 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol (DTBC) to the corresponding quinone, 3,5-di-tert-butylquinone (DTBQ), to mimic catechol oxidases (COs). The separations of the two Cu(II) centers are 2.9, 3.51, and 3.65 Å for CO, HPC, and HBC, respectively. The stability of dinuclear cupric complexes, turnover number (TON), and selectivity of DTBQ were examined in NaY zeolite (pore size 0.74 nm) and the solid mesoporous silicas (MPSs) MCM-41 (2.4 nm), MCM-48 (2.5 nm), and MAS-9 (9.0 nm). The studies showed that the MCM-41 and MCM-48 provided a better stability against the irreversible dissociation of dinuclear cupric complexes for their matching size, while NaY has too small and MAS-9 has too large pore size to stabilize these dinuclear copper complexes. The EPR studies showed that HBC immobilized in MPS solids yielded more mononuclear cupric complexes than HPC samples, which may come from the low stability of HBC undergoing the dissociation of OH bridge via the Lewis acid (aluminum sites in the solid support) catalytic activities under the ion-exchanging process. The catalytic pathways for the production of DTBQ and byproducts are proposed on the basis of spectroscopic characterizations and activity measurements. The main byproduct observed in NaY supports was formed from a DTBC−mononuclear copper intermediate and followed the pathway of electron transfer, oxygen insertion, ring-opening, and oxidation reaction. Furthermore, the rigid and bulky structure of HPC molecule (planar phen ligands) has more confinement effect in MCM-41 and MCM-48 solids than the flexible HBC molecule (nonplanar bpy), which can prevent an excessive separation of the dinuclear cupric centers in the deoxy state and yield a higher stability and selectivity. The smaller separation of the two Cu(II) ions in HPC may also be responsible for the observed higher oxidation selectivity. However, the bulky structure of four phen ligands in HPC molecules exhibits greater steric hindrance and decreases the contact of the substrate and yields a lower TON. The nanochannels of aluminum-substituted MPS provide the needed confined spaces and surface charge and maintain the separation of the dinuclear cupric centers after removing the hydroxo bridge in the catalytic cycle.
Lipoxin Receptors (2007)

Lipoxins (LXs) represent a class of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites that carry potent immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, LXA4 and LXB4 being the main components of this series. LXs are generated by cooperation between 5-lipoxygenase (LO) and 12- or 15-LO during cell-cell interactions or by single cell types. LX epimers at carbon 15, the 15-epi-LXs, are formed by aspirin-acetylated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in cooperation with 5-LO. 15-epi-LXA4 is also termed aspirin-triggered LX (ATL). In vivo studies with stable LX and ATL analogs have established that these eicosanoids possess potent anti-inflammatory activities. A LXA4 receptor has been cloned. It belongs to the family of chemotactic receptors and clusters with formyl peptide receptors on chromosome 19. Therefore, it was initially denominated formyl peptide receptor like 1 (FPRL1). This receptor binds with high affinity and stereoselectivity LXA4 and ATL. It also recognizes a variety of peptides, synthetic, endogenously generated, or disease associated, but with lower affinity compared to LXA4. For this reason, this receptor has been renamed ALX. This review summarizes the current knowledge on ALX expression, signaling, and potential pathophysiological role. The involvement of additional recognition sites in LX bioactions is also discussed.
Impact of self-scheduling order on performance on multiprocessor systems (1988)

Processor self-scheduling is an efficient dynamic scheduling for multiprocessors. This paper discusses the impact of the self-scheduling order on the performance of multiply-nested parallel loops.
Perturbed Sierpinski multiband fractal antenna with improved feeding technique (2003)

This paper describes the multiband behavior of a series of perturbed fractal Sierpinski gasket antennas. Sierpinski gaskets, with periodic ratios of 0.5, 0.65, and 0.75 were fabricated and tested. Two methods are presented that improve the inherently poor input impedance match of the antenna with a 50 /spl Omega/ port. Theoretical simulation is used to give an insight into the field distribution of the antenna as the perturbing ratio varies. Different properties and merits of the antenna due to perturbation were noted. These improved feeding methods will allow further flexibility to the application of these multiband antennas.
Presence of single-chain ribosome-inactivating protein-like activities in several plant species. (1992)

The present screening work was devoted to the search for new ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) in 21 plant species. Eight plants proved to be very active, inhibiting protein synthesis in eukaryotic in vitro systems (rat liver, Vicia sativa and wheat germ). They fulfil the major requirements for consideration as type 1 RIPs. Also, eight plants were found to contain haemagglutinating activity of human red cells but this was not related to the simultaneous presence of RIPs.
Extracorporeal whole-blood immunoadsorption enhances radioimmunotargeting of iodine-125-labeled BR96-biotin monoclonal antibody. (1997)

This new method of WBIA yields significantly improved radioimmunotargeting of highly tumor-reactive, internalizing MAb BR96.
High Tc bolometer (1999)

Not only is the operating principle of the high Tc bolometer illustrated systematically in this article,but also the superiority in character is elucidated at length here.In the meantime,the article briefs the process of preparing and developing the super_conductive devices of the high Tc bolometer in formation 2 times 2 on the film with a size of 5×10mm 2 GdBa 2Cu 3O 7-x through the technologies of phototeching of negative_working photoresist chemical film corrosion.Furthermore,the article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the operating process.
Antinuclear Autoantibodies Specific for Lamins (1988)

In 11 patients, sera displaying a ringlike nuclear immunofluorescent staining on sections of rat liver tissue were shown by Western blotting to contain antibodies to lamins. Sera from 8 patients contained autoantibodies reacting with lamin B, whereas sera from the other 3 patients reacted with lamins A and C. All patients (9 women and 2 men) had a chronic autoimmune disorder, which rarely fulfilled the usual criteria for a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. The disorder was characterized by acute or chronic (active or granulomatous) hepatitis; steroid-responsive blood cytopenia, often associated with a circulating anticoagulant, or anticardiolipin antibodies, or both; and cutaneous leukocytoclastic angiitis or probable brain vasculitis. Eight patients had at least two of these three conditions. Antilamin autoantibodies may thus be a marker for an unusual subset of autoimmune diseases.
The development of ASPECT, an annular single crystal brain camera for high efficiency SPECT (1988)

A description is given of ASPECT, a totally digital annular SPECT (single-photon-emission computed tomography) camera system designed specifically for 3-D brain imaging. Its detector consists of a single-crystal NaI(Tl) ring (31-cm ID by 8-mm thick by 13-cm wide) coupled through an annular light pipe to a 21*3 array of 51-mm/sup 2/ photomultipliers. A unique multifield collimator system, consisting of set of six parallel-hole collimators oriented in an annular array, is designed to view the patient's head from six angles simultaneously. This ring is rotated with high precision, concentric to the detector, through 2 pi radians to sample gamma-ray emissions for 3-D reconstruction over a 23-cm*9-cm field of view. Preliminary results indicate that central regions of the brain will be detected with an efficiency of about six times that of a conventional rotating parallel-hole camera SPECT system and an effective inherent transverse resolution of within 3.5 mm. The system is designed to achieve a reconstructed resolution FWHM within 7.5 mm at the center of the image field. It also features unique means for digital position analysis, calibration, and user quality control. With ASPECT's precision rotating collimator, artifacts normally associated with detector motion, nonuniform sensitivity, and spatial nonlinearities are expected to be insignificant.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Video Watermarking Scheme Resistant to Synchronization Attacks Based on Statistics and Shot Segmentation (2007)

One of the challenges of blind watermark detection is synchronization. In this paper, a new video watermarking procedure for resistant synchronization is proposed. We partition watermark into several segments, and embed every segment into different scenes of video sequence. Firstly, motion vectors are grouped according to their magnitude and each group is further partitioned into two subsets. We use element number ratio in two subsets of the same group to denote watermark bit 0 or bit 1. Thus, watermark is associated with motion vectors' statistical characteristics, and those motion vectors carrying the identical watermark bits are uniformly distributed to the whole video sequence, they are spatio-temporal indiscerptibly. It is shown that this kind of watermark is more resilient against temporal synchronization attacks. Experimental results from an implementation of the algorithm are presented.
A Murine Model of Genetic Susceptibility to Lead Bioaccumulation (1997)

Previous reports have shown that blood lead levels in humans are associated with a polymorphic form of δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALAD), an enzyme of heme biosynthesis that binds and is inhibited by lead. We hypothesized that ALAD levels may influence the distribution and accumulation of lead in the blood and target organs. To assess this, we studied strains of mice that differ in the numbers of copies of the ALAD gene. Our findings showed that mice with a duplication of the ALAD gene (DBA) accumulated twice the amount of lead in their blood and had higher lead levels in kidney and liver than mice with a single copy of the gene (C57) exposed to the same oral doses of lead during adulthood. Hybrid animals showed intermediate blood lead levels. Levels of blood zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) increased with lead exposure in C57 animals while they were not affected in DBA mice, suggesting protection from production of this abnormal enzyme in mice with a duplication of the gene. Except for these protective effects in the formation of ZPP in DBA animals, duplication of the ALAD gene was found to increase lead accumulation. We conclude that although these mouse strains do not precisely replicate the polymorphism observed in humans, they may be used as a model to study genetic influences in lead bioaccumulation. Understanding genetic factors that affect susceptibility to lead-induced intoxication could have important implications for public health and intervention initiatives. These mouse strains may represent a useful model for future study of the role of ALAD in lead intoxication.
Catechol Acetonide Glycidyl Ether (CAGE): A Functional Epoxide Monomer for Linear and Hyperbranched Multi-Catechol Functional Polyether Architectures (2016)

A protected catechol-containing epoxide monomer, catechol acetonide glycidyl ether (CAGE), is introduced. CAGE is conveniently obtained in three steps and enables the incorporation of surface-active catechol moieties into a broad variety of hydrophilic and biocompatible polyether architectures by copolymerization. Via acidic cleavage of the acetal protecting groups, the polymer-attached catechol functionalities are liberated and available for surface attachment or metal complexation. CAGE has been copolymerized with ethylene oxide and glycidol to obtain both linear poly(ethylene glycol) and hyperbranched polyglycerol copolymers, respectively, with multiple surface-adhesive catechol moieties. The CAGE content in the copolymers was varied from 1 to 16%, and all polymers exhibit moderate polydispersity (linear: Mw/Mn = 1.05–1.33; hyperbranched: Mw/Mn = 1.44–1.86). In situ kinetic studies of the simultaneous copolymerization of EO and CAGE via NMR spectroscopy have been performed to determine the microstructure of the linear poly(ethylene oxide-co-catechol acetonide glycidyl ether), P(EO-co-CAGE), copolymers. EO shows slightly higher reactivity than CAGE (rEO = 1.14, rCAGE = 0.88), leading to an almost ideally random copolymerization. Because of the catechol units, the copolymers form pH-induced cross-linked networks through metal–ligand interactions. ABA triblock copolymers of the type PCAGE-b-PEG-b-PCAGE formed highly swellable hydrogels upon addition of FeCl3. Furthermore, static water contact angle measurements demonstrate an increase in the hydrophilicity of iron, PTFE, and PVC surfaces after coating with catechol-functional mf-PEGs.