gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improvement of Adhesion Performances of CVD-W Films Deposited on B[sub 2]H[sub 6]-Based ALD-W Nucleation Layer (2009)

The resistivity of chemical-vapor-deposited (CVD)-W film was reported to be significantly reduced using a B2H6-based atomic layer deposited (ALD)-W nucleation layer for continuously shrinking memory devices. But, we found that the adhesion performances of CVD-W films growing on the B2H6-based ALD-W nucleation layer were poor compared to those on the SiH4-based W nucleation layer. Scanning electron microscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis clearly suggest that the boron penetration into the interface between underlying TiN and SiO2 during the deposition of W nucleation layer is a possible reason to degrade the adhesion performances of CVD-W films with B2H6-based W nucleation layers. By rigorous selection of both the deposition conditions for W nucleation layer and diffusion barrier materials, we can demonstrate the successful deposition of CVD-W film with a very low resistivity of similar to 12 mu Omega cm (50 nm in thickness) without an adhesion failure. Noticeably, the application of 5 nm thick sputter-deposited WNx film as a glue layer was found to present an excellent adhesion performance, which was due to its excellent diffusion barrier performance with amorphous structure. (C) 2009 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3056376] All rights reserved.
Structure/Enantioselectivity Study of the Asymmetric Addition of Trimethylsilylcyanide to Benzaldehyde Catalyzed by Ti(IV)−Schiff Base Complexes (2000)

In the presence of titanium tetraisopropoxide, tridentate salen ligands derived from cis-1-amino-2-indanol have been utilized in the asymmetric addition of trimethylsilylcyanide to benzaldehyde, which gave the cyanohydrins in up to 85% ee. We have examined the reaction of titanium tetraisopropoxide with these salen ligands by NMR spectrometry and X-ray crystallography. Reaction of ligands derived from salicylaldehydes with bulky substituents in the 3-position with titanium tetraisopropoxide gave the L*Ti(O-i-Pr)2 complexes, which are the proposed precatalysts in the asymmetric addition reaction. These ligands give good to very good enantioselectivity in the asymmetric trimethylsilylcyanation reaction. However, with groups smaller than tert-butyl in the 3-position, substantial amounts (up to 73%) of the catalytically inactive L2*Ti species are formed, resulting in large drops in the ee's of the cyanohydrins. The L2*Ti species were formed as mixtures of diastereomers, one of which has been characterized by X-ray crystallography. The crystal structure shows the titanium to be bonded to two ligands with a pseudo-octahedral coordination geometry. The ligands are bound in a meridional fashion and the complex is C2-symmetric. Use of 2 equiv of ligand relative to titanium tetraisopropoxide resulted in significant reductions in the ee of the cyanohydrin product, presumably due to formation of increased amounts of the inactive diastereomeric L2*Ti complexes.
The 100W class A power amplifier for L-band T/R module (2002)

A balanced high-power amplifier with class A silicon bipolar transistors for an L-band T/R module for active phased array radar is described. The amplifier was designed for maximum power and minimum transmittance distortion. The obtained parameters of the amplifier are as follow: output power at 1dB compression P/sub 1 dB/>49 dBm, linear gain |S21|>10 dB, and transmittance deviations during the RF pulse: phase /spl Delta/arg(S21)<0.9/spl deg/ and /spl Delta/P/sub out/< 0.2 dB.
Synchronous-asynchronous laser mode-locking transition: experimental results (2016)

Synchronous-asynchronous laser mode-locking transition is experimentally investigated with a 10-GHz hybrid mode-locked fiber soliton laser. Laser pulse parameters under varying detuning frequency are measured and the experimental results show fair agreement with the theoretical prediction.
Identification of <i>N</i>-Phenyl-7<i>H</i>-pyrrolo[2,3-<i>d</i>]pyrimidin-4-amine Derivatives as Novel, Potent, and Selective NF-κB Inducing Kinase (NIK) Inhibitors for the Treatment of Psoriasis (2020)

A series of <i>N</i>-phenyl-7<i>H</i>-pyrrolo[2,3-<i>d</i>]pyrimidin-4-amine derivatives with NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK) inhibitory activity were obtained through structure-based drug design and synthetic chemistry. Among them, 4-(3-((7<i>H</i>-pyrrolo[2,3-<i>d</i>]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-4-morpholinophenyl)-2-(thiazol-2-yl)but-3-yn-2-ol (<b>12f</b>) was identified as a highly potent NIK inhibitor, along with satisfactory selectivity. The pharmacokinetics of <b>12f</b> and its ability to inhibit interleukin 6 secretion in BEAS-2B cells were better than compound <b>1</b> developed by Amgen. Oral administration of different doses of <b>12f</b> in an imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse model showed effective alleviation of psoriasis, including invasive erythema, swelling, skin thickening, and scales. The underlying pathological mechanism involved attenuation of proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine gene expression, and the infiltration of macrophages after the treatment of <b>12f</b>. This work provides a foundation for the development of NIK inhibitors, highlighting the potential of developing NIK inhibitors as a new strategy for the treatment of psoriasis.
Measurement of apolipoprotein A-I concentration in nonhuman primate serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). (1983)

A sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for nonhuman primate serum apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) is described. The assay is a noncompetitive, sandwich ELISA in which polystyrene microtiter plates were used with purified, monospecific goat anti-monkey apoA-I antibodies adsorbed on the wells. The serum samples were added to the coated wells, incubated, and after washing, antibodies conjugated to horseradish peroxidase were added. After further washing, the bound label was assayed. A heat treatment step, 52 degrees C for 3 hr, was used to maximize the apoA-I immunoreactive sites in diluted serum. Serum samples extracted with chloroform-methanol, delipidated with tetramethylurea, or denatured by heating gave essentially equivalent results. The working range of the apoA-I standards was 0.5 to 5 ng and parallel responses were observed for apoA-I in serum, in isolated HDL, and in buffer as a purified apoprotein. Recovery of apoA-I added to serum was quantitative (106 +/- 3%). The intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were 6.2 and 6.9%, respectively. The enzyme immunoassay yielded values that compared favorably with those obtained by radial immunodiffusion (r = 0.84). ApoA-I concentration in African green monkey serum was highly correlated with the HDL cholesterol concentration (r = 0.86). It is concluded that this ELISA is an accurate and precise method for determination of apoA-I concentrations in primate serum.
Catalytic Synthesis of Pyridine Bases in the Vapor Phase. XI (1958)

Phenylpyridines were synthesized in good yield by the catalytic vapor-phase reaction of allyl alcohol, aromatic ketones, and ammonia. 2-Phenylpyridine (I) was obtained from allyl alcohol, acetophenone, and ammonia, 2-phenyl-3-methylpyridine (II) from allyl alcohol, propiophenone, and ammonia, and 2-methyl-3-phenylpyridine (III) and a small amount of 2-benzylpyridine (IV) from allyl alcohol, 1-phenyl-2-propanone, and ammonia. Of these, (II) and (III) are new compounds. Ultraviolet absorption spectra of phenyl- and methylphenylpyridines were measured and the effect of the position of phenyl and methyl groups in the pyridine ring was examined.
Clinical diognostic value of serum Cystatin C and MDRD equation for chronic kidney disease (2010)

Objective To study the clinical value of Cys-C and MDRD equation in the patient with CKD.GFR was estimated by Cys-C and MDRD equation.To study the correlation between Cys-C and MDRD equation.Methods According to the value of GFR of the patient with CKD,divided them into five groups.To study the correlation between Cys-C and GFR.To explore the correlation between Cys-C and Sc.Results Cys-C was correlated with Scr.There was negative correlation between Cys-C and GFR.When renal function slightly injured,Cys-C was higher sensitivity than Scr.Conclusion It is reliable to detect Cys-C by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).It is dependable to judge renal function by the level of Cys-C.Cys-C can be a sensitive marker to reflect GFR.GFR was estimated by Cys-C and MDRD equation.It was correlation between Cys-C and MDRD equation.

Key words: 
Chronic kidney disease(CKD);  Glomerular filtration rate(GFR);  Cystatin C(Cys-C); MDRD equation
Assistive Technology Specialists (2003)

The 1997 Amendments to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act mandate that assistive technology be considered for each student receiving special education services. Without knowledge of assistive technology, service providers will have difficulty meeting that mandate. It may not be reasonable to expect all special educators to have enough expertise in this area to meet the mandate for all of their students. An assistive technology specialist can bring to a district the expertise needed to comply with this mandate. This article presents the knowledge and skills determined by the Council for Exceptional Children to be necessary for assistive technology specialists. These competencies provide guidelines for districts as they seek to employ a specialist and guide individuals interested in serving as specialists in their professional development.
Case control study of diffusion tensor imaging in Parkinson's disease (2007)

We demonstrated in a large, prospective, case control study that the FA value in the substantia nigra on DTI was lower in PD compared with healthy controls, and correlated inversely with the clinical severity of PD. Further longitudinal studies would be helpful to assess the clinical utility of serial FA measurements of the substantia nigra in objective quantification of disease progression and monitoring of the therapeutic response.
Thrombopoietin emerges as a new haematopoietic cytokine that confers cardioprotection against acute myocardial infarction (2007)

Colony stimulating factors (CSFs), also called haematopoietic growth factors, are circulating cytokines that regulate the bone marrow production of red cells, white cells, and platelets. CSFs have also been reported to act on stem cells to regulate lineage-specific differentiation.1 Erythropoietin (EPO) controls red cell production and has been utilized in recombinant form for the treatment of anaemia in patients with end-stage renal disease since 1988. Granulocyte CSF (G-CSF) acts on haematopoietic stem cells to regulate neutrophil progenitor proliferation and differentiation. G-CSF is routinely used to mobilize stem cells in normal patients for transplantation of cells into patients with haematological malignancies, or in the patients themselves. Several recent reports have suggested that these cytokines possess properties that extend beyond their haematopoietic properties, such as the ability to protect the heart against injury caused by ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R).2,3 Baker et al. 4 now demonstrate for the first time in this issue of Cardiovascular Research that a third haematopoietic growth factor, thrombopoietin (TPO), is able to provide cardioprotection against myocardial I/R injury in a rat model by mechanisms independent of its haematopoietic properties.

TPO affects nearly all aspects of platelet production, from self-renewal and expansion of haematopoietic stem cells, through stimulation of the proliferation of megakaryocyte progenitor cells, to support the maturation of these cells into platelet-producing cells.5 Since its purification in 1994, TPO has been used to treat thrombocytopenia caused by many conventional chemotherapy regimens.6 … 

*Corresponding author. Tel: +1 718 430 2645; fax: +1 718 430 8989. E-mail address : dlefer{at}aecom.yu.edu
RFIDSLT: A Data Lineage Tracing Method for Complex Query over RFID Streams (2009)

A RFIDSLT (RFIDStreamLineageTracing) method, which can trace the lineage of event and results of query over sliding windows of RFID data streams, is proposed in this paper. It constructs lineage-tracing algorithm adapt to vary instance based on transacted information of RFID data streams, provides online continuous lineage-query for RFID data streams. RFIDSLT is composed of confirming the length of sliding windows, judging type of lineage-tracing and executing lineage-tracing algorithm. The contribution of this paper is: (1) to suit with the change of data streams, it determines dynamically the size of sliding window for lineage-tracing based on non-equal probability principle. (2) it proposed a online lineage-tracing query algorithm in streamed-processing way bases on query information such as know operating logic and unknown operating logic. Theoretic analysis and experiments results on synthetic and real data sets indicate that the proposed method is low-cost, precision, good real-time, provides a feasible solution for new online tracing application.
TESTING FOR FAIRNESS WITH A MODERATED MULTIPLE REGRESSION STRATEGY: AN ALTERNATIVE TO DIFFERENTIAL ANALYSIS<sup>1</sup> (1978)

It is argued that analyses of subgroup differences utilizing a bivariate correlation strategy do not provide an adequate examination of test fairness. An analysis of differential prediction, which involves slopes and intercepts of regression lines results in more complete coverage of the test fairness issue, since the overall regression line determines the way in which a test is used for prediction. While subgroup correlation coefficients yield information concerning the slopes and intercepts, means and standard deviations must also be examined. A moderated multiple regression strategy is recommended as an alternative to separate analyses by subgroups. An ordered step‐up regression procedure is presented which is more encompassing than the bivariate strategies, while avoiding inherent problems associated with subgroup coding in multiple regression.
An Efficient Memory Zeroization Technique Under Side-Channel Attacks (2019)

Protection of secured data content in volatile memories (processor caches, embedded RAMs etc) is essential in networking, wireless, automotive and other embedded secure applications. It is utmost important to protect secret data, like authentication credentials, cryptographic keys etc., stored over volatile memories which can be hacked during normal device operations. Several security attacks like cold boot, disclosure attack, data remanence, physical attack, cache attack etc. can extract the cryptographic keys or secure data from volatile memories of the system. The content protection of memory is typically done by assuring data deletion in minimum possible time to minimize data remanence effects. In today's state-of-the-art SoCs, dedicated hardwares are used to functionally erase the private memory contents in case of security violations. This paper, in general, proposes a novel approach of using existing memory built-in-self-test (MBIST) hardware to zeroize (initialize memory to all zeros) on-chip memory contents before it is being hacked either through different side channels or secuirty attacks. Our results show that the proposed MBIST based content zeroization approach is substantially faster than conventional techniques. By adopting the proposed approach, functional hardware requirement for memory zeroization can be waived.
Systems biology approach to identify transcriptome reprogramming and candidate microRNA targets during the progression of polycystic kidney disease (2011)

We have described global transcriptional reprogramming during the progression of PKD in the Pkd1⁻/⁻ model. We propose a model for the cascade of signaling events involved in cyst formation and growth. Our results suggest that several miRNAs may be involved in regulating signaling pathways in ADPKD. We further describe novel putative miRNA:mRNA signatures in ADPKD, which will provide additional insights into the pathogenesis of this common genetic disease in humans.
Prevalence and aetiology of neuropathic pain in cancer patients: A systematic review (2011)

Pain in cancer patients remains common and is often associated with insufficient prescribing of targeted analgesia. An explanation for undertreatment could be the failure to identify neuropathic pain mechanisms, which require additional prescribing strategies. We wanted to identify the prevalence of neuropathic mechanisms in patients with cancer pain to highlight the need for detailed assessment and to support the development of an international classification system for cancer pain. We searched for studies that included adult and teenage patients (age above 12 years), with active cancer and who reported pain, and in which a clinical assessment of their pain had been made. We found 22 eligible studies that reported on 13,683 patients. Clinical assessment methods varied, and only 14 studies reported confirmatory testing for either sensory abnormality or diagnostic lesion to corroborate a diagnosis of neuropathic pain. We calculated that the prevalence of patients with neuropathic pain (95% confidence interval) varied from a conservative estimate of 19% (9.4% to 28.4%) to a liberal estimate of 39.1% (28.9% to 49.5%) when patients with mixed pain were included. The prevalence of pain with a neuropathic mechanism (95% confidence interval) ranged from a conservative estimate of 18.7% (15.3% to 22.1%) to a liberal estimate of 21.4% (15.2% to 27.6%) of all recorded cancer pains. The proportion of pain caused by cancer treatment was higher in neuropathic pain compared with all types of cancer pain. A standardised approach or taxonomy used for assessing neuropathic pain in patients with cancer is needed to improve treatment outcomes.
Ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring using a wireless system (2003)

The wireless Bravo pH System successfully recorded esophageal acid exposure in 96% of the patients during a 24-h period and in 89% of subjects for >36 h. The 95th percentile for the 2-day recordings in control subjects was 5.3%, slightly higher than observed with conventional systems.
Genetically Engineered Resistance to Potato Virus S in Potato Cultivar Russet Burbank (1991)

In this report we describe the transformation and regeneration of Russet Burbank potato plants expressing Potato virus S (PVS) coat protein that are resistant to inoculation with PVS or purified PVS RNA and show a measure of resistance to infection by potato virus M (PVM)
Insights into Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase Activation Derived from Improved Heme-Mimetics (2013)

Recently, the structure of BAY 58-2667 bound to the Nostoc sp. H-NOX domain was published. On the basis of this structural information, we designed BAY 58-2667 derivatives and tested their effects on soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activity. Derivative 20 activated sGC 4.8-fold more than BAY 58-2667. Co-crystallization of 20 with the Ns H-NOX domain revealed that the increased conformational distortion at the C-terminal region of αF helix containing 110-114 residues contributes to the higher activation triggered by 20.
Optimizing amplifier placements in a multiwavelength optical LAN/MAN: the unequally powered wavelengths case (1998)

Optical networks based on passive-star couplers and employing WDM have been proposed for deployment in local and metropolitan areas. These networks suffer from splitting, coupling, and attenuation losses. Since there is an upper bound on transmitter power and a lower bound on receiver sensitivity, optical amplifiers are usually required to compensate for the power losses mentioned above. Due to the high cost of amplifiers, it is desirable to minimize their total number in the network. However, an optical amplifier has constraints on the maximum gain and the maximum output power it can supply; thus, optical amplifier placement becomes a challenging problem. In fact, the general problem of minimizing the total amplifier count is a mixed-integer nonlinear problem. Previous studies have attacked the amplifier-placement problem by adding the "artificial" constraint that all wavelengths, which are present at a particular point in a fiber, be at the same power level. This constraint simplifies the problem into a solvable mixed-integer linear program. Unfortunately, this artificial constraint can miss feasible solutions that have a lower amplifier count but do not have the equally powered wavelengths constraint. In this paper, we present a method to solve the minimum-amplifier-placement problem, while avoiding the equally powered wavelength constraint. We demonstrate that, by allowing signals to operate at different power levels, our method can reduce the number of amplifiers required.
Contemporary root canal filling strategies (2016)

Currently, clinicians can choose from a wide range of root canal filling materials and techniques, some of which have been evaluated in this thesis. Methacrylate resin-based sealers suffer from polymerization shrinkage stresses. This limitation may partly be overcome by a two-step cementation procedure. This alternative placement technique results in an increase and homogenization of the adhesion of the material to intraradicular dentin. Subsequent research should aim at developing sealers with shorter setting times for clinical implementation and confirm the present proof of concept. It remains to be proven whether an increase in adhesion could be considered as a surrogate for improved sealing ability. With the used methodology, we could not demonstrate any association between the sealing ability and the adhesiveness of an adhesive root canal filling material. Using the low surface tension fluid transport method, the sealing ability of the single-cone technique, after post space preparation, was found to be material dependent, with the epoxy and methacrylate resins providing a better seal than the calcium silicate-based sealer. Roots canals filled with a single-cone technique using gutta percha and a calcium silicate-based root canal sealer were less porous than root canals filled with lateral compaction of gutta percha and the same sealer. Delamination and tearing defects could be observed in root canals filled with hydrogel-coated hygro-expandable cones and a calcium silicate-based sealer. Hydrogels are smart materials that may currently be inadequate for endodontic use with calcium silicate sealers. The use of simulated body fluids for testing the bioactive potential of calcium silicate-based fillings leads to the deposition calcium phosphate. This phenomenon may however be simply reflecting a thermodynamic process rather than expressing bioactivity potential. An explanted specimen revealed the formation of calcium carbonate (calcite) and the absence of calcium phosphate on its surface.
Ordered mesoporous carbon catalyst for dehydrogenation of propane to propylene (2011)

Metal-free ordered mesoporous carbons were demonstrated to be robust catalysts for direct dehydrogenation of propane to propylene, in the absence of any auxiliary steam, exhibiting high activity and selectivity, as well as long catalytic stability, in comparison with nanostructured carbons.