gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discontinuous Phase Transitions of Membranes: a Monte Carlo Study (1996)

Fluid membranes which experience interaction potentials with a potential barrier are studied by Monte Carlo simulations. For a symmetric double–well potential, the membranes are found to exhibit the same critical behavior as the 2–dimensional Ising model even for zero lateral tension. For an asymmetric adhesion potential with a relatively large potential barrier, the unbound phase is found to nucleate via the formation of membrane `islands' which implies a discontinuous unbinding transition.
A 56–65 GHz Injection-Locked Frequency Tripler With Quadrature Outputs in 90-nm CMOS (2008)

A sub-harmonic injection-locked tripler multiplies a 20-GHz differential input to 60-GHz quadrature (I/Q) output signals. The tripler consists of a two-stage ring oscillator driven by a single-stage polyphase input filter and 50-Omega I and Q-signal output buffers. Each gain stage incorporates a hard limiter to triple the input frequency for injection locking and a negative resistance cell with two positive feedback loops to increase gain. Regenerative peaking is also used to optimize the gain/bandwidth performance of the 50-Omega output buffers. Fabricated in 90-nm CMOS, the tripler has a free-running frequency of 60.6 GHz. From a 0-dBm RF source, the measured output lock range is 56.5-64.5 GHz, and the measured phase noise penalty is 9.2 plusmn 1 dB with respect to a 20.2-GHz input. The 0.3 times 0.3 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> tripler (including passives) consumes 9.6 mW, while the output buffers consume 14.2 mW, all from a 1-V supply.
Workload and power budget partitioning for single-chip heterogeneous processors (2012)

With technology scaling, manufacturers are integrating both CPU and GPU cores in a single chip to improve the throughput of emerging applications. To maximize the throughput of a single-chip heterogeneous processor (SCHP), the chip power budget shared between the CPU and GPU must be effectively utilized. At the same time, the CPU and GPU in an SCHP must each satisfy its own power constraint. Furthermore, the power budget allocated to the CPU and GPU impacts performance. In this paper, using a detailed cycle-level SCHP simulator, we first demonstrate that the joint optimization of workload and power budget partitioning between the CPU and GPU can provide 13% higher throughput than the optimization of workload partitioning alone under a fixed power budget allocation to the CPU and GPU. Second, we propose an effective runtime algorithm that can determine near-optimal or optimal combinations of workload and power budget partitioning. The algorithm exploits the runtime power efficiencies of the workload executed on the CPU and the GPU. Using the detailed cycle-level SCHP simulator, we show that within five to eight kernel invocations the algorithm can achieve 96% of the maximum throughput obtained by an exhaustive search algorithm. Finally, we demonstrate comparable throughput improvements when we apply the algorithm to a commercial computing system with an SCHP.
Synthesis and Characterization of Group 4 Permethylpentalene Dichloride Complexes (2013)

We report the high-yield syntheses of the (η8-Pn*)MCl2 complexes (η8-Pn* = C8Me6; M = Ti, Zr, Hf), utilizing the cis-(SnMe3)2Pn* or cis-Li2Pn*(TMEDA)x synthons. Stereoselective synthesis of the appropriate Pn* precursor [cis-Li2Pn* and cis-(SnMe3)2Pn*] can be achieved by the appropriate choice of solvent. Treatment of cis-(SnMe3)2Pn* with TiCl4·2THF enabled the first high-yielding synthesis of a group 4 η8-Pn* complex, [η8-Pn*TiCl(μ-Cl)]2 (1). Analogous complexes for the remaining group 4 congeners have been synthesized via the reaction of Li2Pn*(TMEDA)x with MCl4·2THF (M = Zr, Hf). These have been found to incorporate LiCl, resulting in the chemical formula [η8-Pn*M(μ-Cl)3/2]2(μ-Cl)2Li·THFx [M = Zr (2), Hf (3)]. 1, 2, and 3 have all been fully characterized in the solution phase and in the solid state via single-crystal X-ray diffraction, revealing all three to be dimeric; 3 is the first structurally elucidated hafnium pentalene compound. The solid-state structure of trans-(SnMe3)2Pn* has also been reported. All three compounds have been produced in sufficiently high yields to act as excellent entry points to further group 4 η8-Pn* species via salt metathesis reactions.
Complications of femoral and acetabular modularity. (1995)

The versatility of modular total hip arthroplasties have rapidly extended their applications. However, these new interfaces can lead to complications that were not observed with monolithic components. These problems have been noted with modular femoral and acetabular components and have been associated with the generation of particulate debris. This article reviews the authors' clinical observations and histologic, biomechanic, and spectophotometric evaluations of modular total hip arthroplasties. New data comparing both synovial fluid metal levels in well-fixed and loose monolithic and modular prosthetic hip implants are presented. In modular total hip components, synovial fluid cobalt levels correlated positively with patient weight and length of implantation. The generation of particulate debris in modular total hip components may induce periprosthetic osteolysis. Taper locks for femoral components and locking mechanisms for the polyethylene liner and metallic cup must be designed to avoid the production of particulate debris.
Metabolic Engineering of Animal Cellsa (1996)

Substrate-limited fed-batch cultures were used to study growth and overflow metabolism in hybridoma and insect cells. In hybridoma cells a glucose-limited fed-batch culture decreased lactate formation but increased glutamine consumption and ammonium formation. Glutamine limitation decreased ammonium and alanine formation but did not enhance glucose consumption. Instead lactate formation was reduced, indicating that glucose was used more efficiently. The formation of lactate, alanine, and ammonium was negligible in a dual substrate-limited fed-batch culture. The efficiency of the energy metabolism increased, as judged by the increase in the cellular yield coefficient for glucose of 100% and for glutamine of 150% and by the change in the metabolic ratios lac/glc, ala/gln, and NHx/gln, in the combined fed-batch culture. Insect cell metabolism was studied in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf-9) cells. A stringent relation between glucose excess and alanine formation was found. In contrast, glucose limitation induced ammonium formation, while, at the same time, alanine formation was completely suppressed. Simultaneous glucose and glutamine limitation suppressed both alanine and ammonium formation. Alanine formation appears as wasteful as lactate formation because the growth rate of insect cells in substrate-limited cultures was the same as in batch cultures with substrate excess. In batch and fed-batch cultures of both cell lines, mu reaches it maximum early during growth and decreases thereafter so that no exponential growth occurs. The growth rate limiting factor for hybridoma cells was found to be a component of serum, because intermittent serum additions to batch cultures resulted in a high and constant growth rate. Insulin was identified as the main cause, inasmuch as intermittent insulin additions gave the same result as serum.
특집 논문 : 생태주의와 동아시아 공동체 그리고 정의 ; 4대강 사업: 반생태적 사유에 근원을 둔 사회적 퇴행의 동아시아 생태축 훼손 (2010)

4대강 사업이 생태계를 맹목적으로 파괴하고 더 나아가 민주적 절차를 무시하는 철학적 바탕을 반생태적 사유에서 찾을 수 있다. 생태계의 공존은 기본적으로 공동체의 구성원들이 서로 타자를 인정함으로써 가능한 것이다. 비록 자신의 생존을 위해 타자를 자원으로 이용하지만 근본적으로 생존에 위협이 되는 행태로까지 확대되지 못하는 모자람의 지혜를 바탕으로 무심의 공존을 한다. 이런 자연의 지혜에 대한 이해를 기초로 생태적 사유에 바탕을 둔 삶이 인간 사회의 형평성을 보장하는 공존을 가능하게 할 것이다. 그런데 4대강 사업은 자연을 단순히 도구적 가치로만 여기는 반생태적 사유에 뿌리를 두고 진행되고 있다. 자연의 생태만을 무시하는 것뿐만 아니라 더 나아가 인간 사회 구성원의 타자성을 인정하지 않으며 거의 모든 법을 무시하고 민주적 절차를 따르지 않아 민주 사회의 실현에 반하는 퇴행적 사업이 4대강 사업이다. 더구나 한반도의 4대강은 대양주-동아시아의 생태 축으로서 지구에서 물새들이 생존하는 데 매우 중요한 생태계이다. 이런 생태적 가치를 전혀 고려하지 않는 것은 세계 문화의 구성원으로서 책무를 무시하는 것이다. 4대강 사업을 계기로 생태적 사유에 바탕을 둔 삶에 대한 진지한 논의를 통해 퇴행적 행태가 더는 있을 수 없는 민주 사회의 기틀이 마련되어야 할 것이다.
An Efficient Implementation of Unrestricted Motion Compensation in Video Encoder (2007)

This paper proposes an implementation method to reduce complexity of motion estimation in the padded areas for unrestricted motion compensation. The proposed method avoids repeating the same calculation of motion estimation cost in the padded areas with identical search outcome as the conventional motion estimation. The savings realized in this method depends only on the block size, image size, and the search range. The proposed method can be applied to several video compression standards such as H.263, and H.264.
Bonding of Teflon (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBonding of TeflonEdward Nelson, T. J. Kilduff, and A. A. BenderlyCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1958, 50, 3, 329–330Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50579a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50579a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views760Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Novel Asymmetric Slant Field Plate Technology for High-Speed Low-Dynamic R<sub>on</sub> E/D-mode GaN HEMTs (2016)

In this letter, we discuss a novel asymmetric field plate structure utilizing a slanted field plate (FP) engineered to appropriately distribute the electric field on GaN high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) scaled for low-loss, high-speed power switch applications. A uniform electric field distribution achieved with the slant FP enables an optimum device design, where a low-dynamic ON-resistance (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on,dyn</sub> ) and high breakdown voltage are obtained simultaneously by minimizing the gate-drain distance. The optimized FP design demonstrated a low R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on,dyn</sub> of 2.3 (2.1) Ω-mm at a quiescent drain voltage of 50V in E-mode (D-mode) HEMTs with a breakdown voltage of 138 V (146 V). The corresponding high-frequency performance of E-mode (D-mode) HEMTs of peak f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> /f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> = 41/100 GHz (53/100 GHz) yielded a decent R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on,dyn</sub> ×Qg product in the range of 31.0-34.5 (28.0-33.3) mQ-nC. This new slant FP technology combined with scaled epitaxial structure (for short L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> ) and reduced access resistances, using n+ GaN ohmic contacts, greatly enhances performance and design flexibility of high-speed, low-loss, GaN power switch devices.
Accuracy study of computer-assisted drilling: the effect of bone density, drill bit characteristics, and use of a mechanical guide. (2005)

The core accuracy of the navigation system is high. Compared with the navigated free-hand technique, the results suggest that drill bit deflection interferes directly with the precision. The precision is decreased when using small diameter and longer drill bits.
Genetic Analysis of Zebrafish Gonadotropin (FSH and LH) Functions by TALEN-Mediated Gene Disruption (2014)

Vertebrate reproduction is controlled by two gonadotropins (FSH and LH) from the pituitary. Despite numerous studies on FSH and LH in fish species, their functions in reproduction still remain poorly defined. This is partly due to the lack of powerful genetic approaches for functional studies in adult fish. This situation is now changing with the emergence of genome-editing technologies, especially Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nuclease (TALEN) and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR). In this study, we deleted the hormone-specific β-genes of both FSH and LH in the zebrafish using TALEN. This was followed by a phenotype analysis for key reproductive events, including gonadal differentiation, puberty onset, gametogenesis, final maturation, and fertility. FSH-deficient zebrafish (fshb(-/-)) were surprisingly fertile in both sexes; however, the development of both the ovary and testis was significantly delayed. In contrast, LH-deficient zebrafish (lhb(-/-)) showed normal gonadal growth, but the females failed to spawn and were therefore infertile. Using previtellogenic follicles as the marker, we observed a significant delay of puberty onset in the fshb mutant but not the lhb mutant females. Interestingly, FSH seemed to play a role in maintaining the female status because we repeatedly observed sexual reversal in the fshb mutant. Neither the fshb nor lhb mutation alone seemed to affect gonadal differentiation; however, the double mutation of the two genes led to all males, although the development of the testis was significantly delayed. In summary, our data confirmed some well-known functions of FSH and LH in fish while also providing evidence for novel functions, which would be difficult to reveal using traditional biochemical and physiological approaches.
Localized three-body wear of resin composites. (1994)

Localized wear tests have been performed on six resin composites using a recently developed three-body wear testing machine. After repeated loading to the composites, the worn surface was replicated. Then the wear values of the respective resin composites were determined from the surface area of the worn defect using an image-analyzer. In addition, the microstructure of the worn area was analyzed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). This study revealed that a fine particle hybrid composite exhibited the greatest localized wear resistance of all resin composites investigated in this study. SEM of the microfilled resin composites showed some degradation between filler and matrix.
Production and characterization of a colon cancer-specific immunotoxin based on the fungal ribotoxin  -sarcin (2012)

A single-chain fusion protein that directed the cytolytic activity of α-sarcin to A33 tumor antigen expressing cells was constructed and shown to effectively kill targeted cells. Glycoprotein A33 (GPA33) is a well-known colon cancer marker and a humanized antibody against it was used to target the α-sarcin. The fungal ribotoxin α-sarcin is one of the most potent and specific toxins known. It is small, protease resistant, thermostable and highly efficient towards the inactivation of ribosomes. This work describes the production and characterization of an immunotoxin resulting from fusing the single-chain variable fragment (scFv) of the monoclonal antibody that targets GPA33 to fungal α-sarcin. This chimeric protein (scFvA33αsarcin), produced in Pichia pastoris and purified in high yield was proven to be properly folded, active, specific and stable. It showed high specific toxicity against GPA33-positive tumoral cell lines providing scientific evidence to sustain that scFvA33αsarcin is a good immunotherapeutic candidate against GPA33-positive colon carcinomas.
Synthesis of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-acrylic acid)-grafted graphene oxide nanosheets via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (2014)

Natural graphite was oxidized via the Hummer's method and sonicated to obtain graphene oxide (GO). A three-step modification process was performed to attach a reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)-agent onto the GO surface and obtain GO-RAFT nanosheets. RAFT polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and acrylic acid (AA) was performed by using azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator. After separation of free chains, GO-P(HEMA) and GO-P(HEMA-co-AA) were obtained. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Raman spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the structure of modified nanosheets. These modified nanosheets showed dual pH- and thermo-sensitive properties as measured by UV-visible spectroscopy. Due to the dark nature of GO-P(HEMA) and GO-P(HEMA-co-AA) nanosheets, the UV-visible absorption of their solutions is an effective parameter to examine the stimuli responsive behavior as measured here at different pH (3–12) and temperature (25–55 °C) values. According to the results, UV-visible absorption of GO-P(HEMA) decreases slightly as pH decreases while the decrease is more significant for GO-P(HEMA-co-AA). Also, a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of 30 and 34 °C is observed for GO-P(HEMA) and GO-P(HEMA-co-AA) nanosheets respectively.
Infrared laser induced reaction of SF6 with silicon surfaces (1980)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation T. J. Chuang; Infrared laser induced reaction of SF6 with silicon surfaces. J. Chem. Phys. 1 June 1980; 72 (11): 6303–6304. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.439045 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioThe Journal of Chemical Physics Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Hypothesis Exploration for Malware Detection Using Planning (2013)

In this paper we apply AI planning to address the hypothesis exploration problem and provide assistance to network administrators in detecting malware based on unreliable observations derived from network traffic.Building on the already established characterization and use of AI planning for similar problems, we propose a formulation of the hypothesis generation problem for malware detection as an AI planning problem with temporally extended goals and actions costs. Furthermore, we propose a notion of hypothesis ``plausibility'' under unreliable observations, which we model as plan quality. We then show that in the presence of unreliable observations, simply finding one most ``plausible'' hypothesis, although challenging, is not sufficient for effective malware detection. To that end, we propose a method for applying a state-of-the-art planner within a principled exploration process, to generate multiple distinct high-quality plans. We experimentally evaluate this approach by generating random problems of varying hardness both with respect to the number of observations, as well as the degree of unreliability. Based on these experiments, we argue that our approach presents a significant improvement over prior work that are focused on finding a single optimal plan, and that our hypothesis exploration application can motivate the development of new planners capable of generating the top high-quality plans.
IRT1, an Arabidopsis Transporter Essential for Iron Uptake from the Soil and for Plant Growth (2002)

Plants are the principal source of iron in most diets, yet iron availability often limits plant growth. In response to iron deficiency, Arabidopsis roots induce the expression of the divalent cation transporter IRT1. Here, we present genetic evidence that IRT1 is essential for the uptake of iron from the soil. An Arabidopsis knockout mutant in IRT1 is chlorotic and has a severe growth defect in soil, leading to death. This defect is rescued by the exogenous application of iron. The mutant plants do not take up iron and fail to accumulate other divalent cations in low-iron conditions. IRT1-green fluorescent protein fusion, transiently expressed in culture cells, localized to the plasma membrane. We also show, through promoter::beta-glucuronidase analysis and in situ hybridization, that IRT1 is expressed in the external cell layers of the root, specifically in response to iron starvation. These results clearly demonstrate that IRT1 is the major transporter responsible for high-affinity metal uptake under iron deficiency.
Novel Noninvasive Method of Cerebrovascular Blood Volume Assessment Using Brain Bioimpedance (2017)

Cerebrovascular autoregulation (CAR) is the ability of vessels to modulate their tone in response to changes in pressure. As an auto-protective mechanism, CAR is critical in preventing secondary brain injury post-trauma. Monitoring of changes in cerebral blood volume might be valuable in evaluating CAR and response to various therapies. In this study, we utilized an ocular-brain bioimpedance interface to assess real time changes in cerebral blood volume in response to a number of physiological challenges. We hypothesize that changes in brain bioimpedance (dz) would track changes in cerebral blood volume. Anesthetized animals were instrumented for monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP), mean arterial blood pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and cerebral blood flow (CBF). Bioimpedance was monitored continuously through electrocardiographic electrodes placed over the eyelids. Interventions such as hyperventilation, vasopressor administration, creation of an epidural hematoma, and systemic hemorrhage were used to manipulate levels of ICP, CPP, and CBF. The dz correlated with changes in ICP, CPP, and CBF (r = -0.72 to -0.88, p < 0.0001). The receiver operating characteristic for dz at different thresholds of CPP and CBF showed high impedance performance with area under the curve between 0.80-1.00 (p < 0.003) and sensitivity and specificity varying between 83%-100% and 70%-100%, respectively. Our preliminary tests show that brain bioimpedance as measured through the ocular-brain interface tracks changes in CPP and CBF with high precision and may prove to be valuable in the future in assessing changes in cerebral blood volume and CAR.