gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Paracrine and Autocrine Regulation of Epidermal Growth Factor-Like Factors in Cumulus Oocyte Complexes and Granulosa Cells: Key Roles for Prostaglandin Synthase 2 and Progesterone Receptor (2006)

The molecular bridges that link the LH surge with functional changes in cumulus cells that possess few LH receptors are being unraveled. Herein we document that epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like factors amphiregulin (Areg), epiregulin (Ereg), and betacellulin (Btc) are induced in cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) by autocrine and paracrine mechanisms that involve the actions of prostaglandins (PGs) and progesterone receptor (PGR). Areg and Ereg mRNA and protein levels were reduced significantly in COCs and ovaries collected from prostaglandin synthase 2 (Ptgs2) null mice and Pgr null (PRKO) mice at 4 h and 8 h after human chorionic gonadotropin, respectively. In cultured COCs, FSH/forskolin induced Areg mRNA within 0.5 h that peaked at 4 h, a process blocked by inhibitors of p38MAPK (SB203580), MAPK kinase (MEK) 1 (PD98059), and PTGS2 (NS398) but not protein kinase A (PKA) (KT5720). Conversely, AREG but not FSH induced Ptsg2 mRNA at 0.5 h with peak expression of Ptgs2 and Areg mRNAs at 4 h, processes blocked by the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478 (AG), PD98059, and NS398. PGE2 reversed the inhibitory effects of AG on AREG-induced expression of Areg but not Ptgs2, placing Ptgs2 downstream of EGF-R signaling. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and adenovirally expressed PGRA synergistically induced Areg mRNA in granulosa cells. In COCs, AREG not only induced genes that impact matrix formation but also genes involved in steroidogenesis (StAR, Cyp11a1) and immune cell-like functions (Pdcd1, Runx1, Cd52). Collectively, FSH-mediated induction of Areg mRNA via p38MAPK precedes AREG induction of Ptgs2 mRNA via ERK1/2. PGs acting via PTGER2 in cumulus cells provide a secondary, autocrine pathway to regulate expression of Areg in COCs showing critical functional links between G protein-coupled receptor and growth factor receptor pathways in ovulating follicles.
<i>In Vivo</i> Model Systems in P-Glycoprotein-Mediated Multidrug Resistance (1998)

In this article we review the in vivo model systems that have been developed for studying P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) in the preclinical setting. Rodents have two mdr genes, both of which confer the MDR phenotype: mdr 1a and mdr 1b. At gene level they show strong homology to the human MDR1 gene and the tissue distribution of their gene product is very similar to P-glycoprotein expression in humans. In vivo studies have shown the physiological roles of P-glycoprotein, including protection of the organism from damage by xenobiotics. Tumors with intrinsic P-glycoprotein expression, induced MDR or transfected with an mdr gene, can be used as syngeneic or xenogenic tumor models. Ascites, leukemia, and solid MDR tumor models have been developed. Molecular engineering has resulted in transgenic mice that express the human MDR1 gene in their bone marrow and in knockout mice missing a murine mdr gene. The data on pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and toxicity of chemosensitizers of P-glycoprotein in vivo are described. Results from studies using monoclonal antibodies directed against P-glycoprotein and other miscellaneous approaches for modulation of MDR are mentioned. The importance of in vivo studies prior to clinical trials is being stressed and potential pitfalls due to differences between species are discussed.
Fast Huffman decoding by exploiting data level parallelism (2010)

The frame rates and resolutions of digital videos are on the rising edge. Thereby, pushing the compression ratios of video coding standards to their limits, resulting in more complex and computational power hungry algorithms. Programmable solutions are gaining interest to keep up the pace of the evolving video coding standards, by reducing the time-to-market of upcoming video products. However, to compete with hardwired solutions, parallelism needs to be exploited on as many levels as possible. In this paper the focus will be on data level parallelism. Huffman coding is proven to be very efficient and therefore commonly applied in many coding standards. However, due to the inherently sequential nature, parallelization of the Huffman decoding is considered hard. The proposed fully flexible and programmable acceleration exploits available data level parallelism in Huffman decoding. Our implementation achieves a decoding speed of 106 MBit/s while running on a 250 MHz processor. This is a speed-up of 24× compared to our sequential reference implementation.
Newly Imported Rieske Iron-Sulfur Protein Associates with Both Cpn60 and Hsp70 in the Chloroplast Stroma. (1993)

The precursor of the Rieske FeS protein, a thylakoid membrane protein, was imported by isolated pea chloroplasts, and the mature protein was shown to be integrated into the cytochrome bf complex of the thylakoid membranes. Insertion into the thylakoid membrane was sensitive to the ionophores nigericin and valinomycin, suggesting a requirement for a proton motive force. A considerable proportion of the imported Rieske protein was detected in the stromal fraction of the chloroplasts, and this increased when membrane insertion was blocked with ionophores. Electrophoresis of the stromal fraction under nondenaturing conditions resolved two distinct complexes containing the Rieske protein. One of these complexes was identified as an association of the Rieske protein with the chaperonin Cpn60 complex by its electrophoretic mobility, Mg-ATP-dependent dissociation, and immunoprecipitation with anti-Cpn60 antibodies. Coimmunoprecipitation of imported Rieske protein with anti-heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) antibodies indicated that the Rieske protein was also associated, in an ATP-dissociable form, with a chloroplast Hsp70 homolog. Immunoprecipitation analysis of an import time course detected the highest amounts of the Cpn60-Rieske protein complex early in the time course, whereas highest amounts of the Hsp70-Rieske protein complex were formed much later. The disappearance of the Cpn60-Rieske protein complex correlated with increased amounts of the Rieske protein in the thylakoid fraction.
Relationship of Swelling and Swelling Pressure on Silica−Water Interactions in Montmorillonite (2005)

In this work, we have used the previously designed controlled uniaxial swelling (CUS) cell to obtain predetermined extents of swelling in montmorillonite. Using the CUS cell, a simultaneous measurement of swelling pressure is done with controlled swelling. Undisturbed clay samples at well-defined swelling (0%-75%) were removed from the CUS cell and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In addition, orientation-dependent microattenuated total reflectance (micro-ATR) spectroscopic investigations are also conducted on the controlled swelled samples. Significant changes in the silicate (Si-O) stretching region (1150-950 cm(-1)) have been observed with changes in swelling and orientation. The band at 1005 cm(-1) (attributed in the literature to arising from Si-O vibrations when montmorillonite platelets are normal to incident radiation) is most pronounced for the 0%-swelled sample and diminishes with swelling. The band associated with perpendicular vibration (at 1078 cm(-1)) increases with swelling. Thus, the intensity of this band increases with misorientation of clay particles. Our results indicate that the reduced particle size, as ascertained from SEM cryoimaging, with increased swelling is related to increased misorientation of the clay platelets. At 0% swelling, the clay platelets are most oriented and have largest particle size. The rearrangement of clay platelets as seen in the orientation-dependent spectra is a direct result of the breakdown of the clay particles with increased hydration resulting from increased swelling.
Waveform inversion in Laplace-Fourier domain for estimation of seismic event location and moment tensor (2017)

Enhanced geothermal system (EGS) development will cause increased seismicity, which the physical mechanisms are still not fully understood. For the definition of the nature of induced seismicity, a second-order dynamic moment tensor analysis may be used to ascertain if seismicity is arising from stress release along preexisting faults or from fracture permeability creation associated with EGS activities. With dynamic moment tensor analysis an accurate estimation of the source parameters, including location, in the presence of complex geological media with highly variable seismic velocity properties is a non-trivial task. Here, we employ the full elastic waveform inversion (FWI) in Laplace-Fourier domain to estimate the location and seismic moment tensor parameters of sources embedded in 3D isotropic heterogeneous media. Forward modeling is carried out with a 3D finite-difference code that generates P- and S-waves from the point sources defined by second-order moment tensors. We apply the nonlinear conjugate gradient method (NLCG) for the minimization of the objective function and source model updating. The FWI algorithm is shown to be stable in the presence of complex geometry including faults and random Gaussian noise. We present results of testing the FWI methodology on a synthetic dataset for the Raft River geothermal field, Idaho. The detectors were placed on the earth surface and seismic events were simulated at the depth about 2000 meters. Matching the waveforms from seismic events provides improved source location along with the estimates of the pertinent components of the moment tensor. Investigation of the influence of velocity model and an initial position of an event were also performed. Presentation Date: Tuesday, September 26, 2017 Start Time: 11:25 AM Location: 361F Presentation Type: ORAL
The occurrence and seasonal distribution of C50-C60-polyprenols and of C100-and similar long-chain polyprenols in leaves of plants. (1984)

Large amounts of fully unsaturated, mainly-cis, higher isoprenoid alcohols consisting of 17-30 isoprene units were found in several plants of the Rosaceae family. They occur as mixtures of several prenologues with either C85 - or C100 - prenol dominating in the form of acetates. The highest level of these polyprenols (0.5-1.0% of wet weight) were found in Crataegus crus- galli , Cotonoaster lucida, Prunus serotina and Sorbus suecica (intermedia). Their content increased with increasing age of the leaves. The dynamics of this rise is different from that observed in the case of accumulation of free C50- C60 - prenols (up to 0.5% of wet weight) in leaves of various plant species.
Fast Direct Super-Resolution by Simple Functions (2013)

The goal of single-image super-resolution is to generate a high-quality high-resolution image based on a given low-resolution input. It is an ill-posed problem which requires exemplars or priors to better reconstruct the missing high-resolution image details. In this paper, we propose to split the feature space into numerous subspaces and collect exemplars to learn priors for each subspace, thereby creating effective mapping functions. The use of split input space facilitates both feasibility of using simple functions for super-resolution, and efficiency of generating high-resolution results. High-quality high-resolution images are reconstructed based on the effective learned priors. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm performs efficiently and effectively over state-of-the-art methods.
Evaluation of a Latex Agglutination Test for Toxoplasmosis (1967)

Four hundred ninety-seven human sera were examined for anti-toxoplasma antibody by latex agglutination (LA) and hemagglutination (HA). Sera from patients with heterophile titers were also tested by LA. Most discrepancies between HA and LA occurred with sera that had LA titers of 1:8 and 1:16. Heterophile antibodies may be involved in some of these. Antibodies were not detected by LA in 214 of 254 sera (84.3%) which also were negative in the HA test. LA titers (1:8 or greater) were obtained in 224 of 243 sera (92.2%) which were positive in the HA test. The storage of sensitized latex at refrigerator temperatures did not adversely affect its reactivity. Agglutination of latex particles has been used for serological diagnosis of a variety of diseases (Singer and Plotz, 1956; Carlisle and Saslaw, 1958; Christian et al., 1958; Muraschi, 1958; Fischman, 1960; Fleck and Evenchik, 1962; and Muraschi et al., 1962). Siim and Lind (1960) demonstrated antibodies to toxoplasma with acrylic particles 0.5 ,u in diameter sensitized with an extract of toxoplasma and obtained promising results, but mentioned that further studies were needed to confirm their results. Later Bozdech and Jira (1961) reported a latex agglutination (LA) test for toxoplasmosis done in test tubes and involving centrifugation before reading. Their test, evaluated with the complement-fixation (C-F) test, did not appear sensitive enough. They reported that 157 out of 575 (27.3%) sera which were positive in the CF test were negative in the latex agglutination test. Roussel (1964) studied the use of bentonite and kaolin particles for the serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis and reported that sensitized kaolin particles used in an agglutination test for toxoplasmosis were specific and reproducible. In view of the results of Roussel and also Siim and Lind it seemed feasible to explore the possibility of using latex and adapting the procedure of Bozdech and Jira to a modified slide agglutination test such as described by Szyfres and Kagan (1963) which would eliminate the use of tubes and large volumes of reaction
Format-preserving encryption for DateTime (2010)

In many applications, such as encryption of DateTime field in database, it is desirable to encrypt items from an arbitrarily sized set with the specified format described as “YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS” onto that same set. Unfortunately, conventional block ciphers such as DES, 3DES or AES are unsuitable for this purpose. The solution to it belongs to the format-preserving encryption (FPE) category. In the paper, we present an FPE scheme for DateTime based on “rank-then-cipher” mode, and then analyze its security and efficiency. We further propose a new more efficient approach named “reference-based offset encryption” to resolve the FPE problem on DateTime domain, which can be applied in message space comprised of fixed-length strings taken over some alphabet as well.
Über die Einwirkung des Ozons auf organische Verbindungen. [Zweite Abhandlung.] (1910)

I)Vgl. die Abhandlung I11 im Experim.Teil.H a r r i e s u.T h i e m e , diese Annalen, a. a. 0. ~~~w ~r ~u n g des Ozons uuf organische ~e r ~~7 z ~u ~g e n .291 Die ungesattigten Sauren und Ketone werden aber auch mit schwachprozentigem Ozon in Perozonide iibergefuhr t.I) Beim &hyZen hat die Snwendung eines 7 prozentigen Ozonstroms unter genauer Einhaltung des Punktes, an dem das Athylen Ozon nicht mehr direkt aufnimmt, zur Gewinnung des normalen Athylenozonids 2, gefiihrt.Beim Propylen, bei dem etwa 12-14 prozentiges Ozon angewandt wurde, konnte bisher nur eine Verbindung CH,CH-CH, isoliert ~e
A Tenth Aniiversary Appraisal: Collectivisation in Retrospect: The “Socialist High Tide” of Autumn 1955–Spring 1956 (1966)

In July 1955 Mao Tse-tung made one of his rare public policy statements when he addressed party secretaries of provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions “on the question of co-operativisation.” It proved to be one of the most important speeches in recent Chinese history, terminating a dispute about the nature and timing of agricultural socialisation which had been going on inside the Chinese Communist Party for three years. Coming from Mao, this was not merely a contribution to the debate, but the final, authoritative pronouncement on what policy should be. Its impact was swift and dramatic. At that time only 16.9 million (14·2 per cent.) of the 120 million peasant families in China were members of co-operatives, almost all of which were semi-socialist in character. Hardly any fully socialist collectives existed. But between autumn 1955 and spring 1956, a “high tide of socialism in the countryside” transformed most of Chinese agriculture, replacing the traditional small privately-owned farms by large co-operatives and collectives. By May 1956,91·2 per cent. of China's rural households had joined co-operatives, 61·9 per cent. of them collectives.
Glucosamine Improved Atopic Dermatitis‐like Skin Lesions in NC/Nga Mice by Inhibition of Th2 Cell Development (2011)

Dysregulated Th subset responses, characterized by Th2-dominant allergic inflammation, are thought to be central to the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). Glucosamine has been shown to have immunosuppressive properties, but its effect on AD has not been examined. In this study, the immunoregulatory effects of glucosamine, using dermatophagoides farinae (Df)-induced AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice, were investigated. The clinical scores were reduced significantly by the treatment with glucosamine at 10 and 20 mg/day. Histological analysis of the skin also revealed that treatment of glucosamine at 10 and 20 mg/day significantly reduced the inflammatory cellular infiltrate, including mast cells and eosinophils. The levels of serum IgE and Th2 cytokines in spleen cells were reduced, whereas no significant change was detected in IFN-γ, a Th1 cytokine. To determine the mechanism associated with inhibition of the Th2 immune response, the effects of glucosamine on the selective differentiation pathway of the Th subset in vitro was examined in NC/Nga mice. The results showed that glucosamine suppressed the differentiation of naïve CD4(+) T cells to Th2 cells in vitro. On the basis of in vivo and in vitro results of the NC/Nga mice, the immunobiological effects of glucosamine on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with AD were examined. The production of Th2 cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-5, was significantly decreased after in vitro administration of glucosamine, which suggest that glucosamine might be a useful immunomodulatory agent for the treatment of human AD.
Insertion of Alkynes into Ni−H Bonds:  Synthesis of Novel Vinyl Nickel(II) and Dinuclear Vinyl Nickel(II) Complexes Containing a [P, S]-Ligand (2006)

Reactions of alkynes with nickel hydride complexes bearing a [P, S]-ligand and supported by trimethylphosphine were investigated. Tetracoordinate vinyl nickel(II) complexes 3, 5, and 6 with square-planar geometry were obtained by reacting phenylacetylene, trimethylsilylacetylene, and 1-hexyne with the hydrido nickel complex 1. Reaction of 1,4-bis(trimethylsilylethynyl)benzene with complex 1 proceeds as a monoinsertion and afforded complex 7, while reaction of 1,4-bis(ethynyl)benzene with 1 leads to the dinuclear vinyl nickel(II) complex 8.
Ballasting Requirements for Fluorescent Lamps (1943)

Fluorescent lamps are partly dependent on ballast design and performance for their wattage consumption, light output, luminous efficiency, end blackening, reliable starting, and rated life. Quantitative limits are listed for the ballast characteristics which affect these: namely, delivered lamp wattage, regulation, peak:RMS current ratio, and minimum and maximum preheating current. The characteristics, with respect to these variables, of predominantly resistive, inductive, and capacitative ballasts are described. Recent developments in ballast circuits aim chiefly to economize on critical materials; at the same time, they generally reduce ballast size and wattage loss per lamp.
Enhanced selective tungsten encapsulation of TiW capped aluminum interconnect (2002)

With the use of the encapsulation barrier metal technique, the metal 1 thickness can be reduced due to the structure's high resistance to electromigration. With the thinning of metal 1, the thickness of the interlevel dielectric can be reduced within capacitance constraints with minimal concern for hillocking during the oxide deposition. With the thinning of metal 1, the interlevel deposition topography becomes more planar. This process enhancement permits the use of selective tungsten plugging of vias in that the tungsten fluorine barrier acts as a seed layer at the base of the via. This technique can be used in an n-level metalization process by repeating the metal 1 encapsulation process on subsequent metal interconnect levels.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Research progress of atopic myelitis (2014)

Atopic myelitis (AM), also described as idiopathic eosinophil myelitis, is a kind of myelitis associated with atopic diathesis, and is considered to be one kind of primary acute transverse myelitis (ATM). It mainly develops in Japan. Since the first case was reported by Kira, et al, Japan has reported more than 100 cases. In South Korea and Europe there were cases reported in recent years. In this paper, the research progress on atopic myelitis is reviewed. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2014.06.016
Renal Mass Core Biopsy: Accuracy and Impact on Clinical Management (2007)

Imaging-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy of renal masses is safe and highly accurate. Tissue diagnosis alters clinical decision making in a majority of the cases and may allow a number of unnecessary nephrectomies to be avoided.
Infectious DNA Clone of HIV Type 1 A/G Recombinant (CRF02_AG) Replicable in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (2001)

We constructed an infectious DNA clone of the HIV-1 A/G recombinant 97GH-AG2, which was isolated in Ghana in 1997 and was classified originally as subtype A. By phylogenetic and recombination breakpoint analyses, p97GH-AG2 was grouped in the circulating form of A/G recombinants (CRF02_AG) and was found to contain the least amount of subtype G-derived region among the known CRF02_AG HIV-1 DNAs. This result suggests that CRF02_AG may be a predominant form in Ghana. Virions produced by transfection of p97GH-AG2 into 293T cells grew in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). 97GH-AG2 also replicated efficiently in CCR5-expressing HeLa cells, MAGIC5, but only weakly in the parent MAGI cells, indicating that 97GH-AG2 uses mostly CCR5 as a coreceptor. Isolation of the first HIV-1 (CRF02_AG) DNA clone that replicates in PBMCs will accelerate the molecular analysis of this subtype.
Radiolabelled Pyrimidine Nucleosides to Monitor the Expression of HSV-1 Thymidine Kinase in Gene Therapy (1999)

Selective radiolabelling and imaging of transduced HSV tk expressing cells was studied using [123I]IVFRU, [125I]FIRU and [125I]FIAU. Although all three radionucleosides accumulated in the KBALB-STK transduced murine tumour line in vitro and in vivo, [125I]FIRU provided optimal performance in terms of selectivity for HSV tk expressing cells and % of injected dose accumulating in the tumor.
Design and Evaluation of Dynamic Replication Strategies for a High-Performance Data Grid (2001)

Physics experiments that generate large amounts of data need to be able to share it with researchers around the world. High performance grids facilitate the distribution of such data to geographically remote places. Dynamic replication can be used as a technique to reduce bandwidth consumption and access latency in accessing these huge amounts of data. We describe a simulation framework that we have developed to model a grid scenario, which enables comparative studies of alternative dynamic replication strategies. We present preliminary results obtained with this simulator, in which we evaluate the performance of six different replication strategies for three different kinds of access patterns. The simulation results show that the best strategy has significant savings in latency and bandwidth consumption if the access patterns contain a moderate amount of geographical locality. 1