gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two common SNPs in pri-miR-125a alter the mature miRNA expression and associate with recurrent pregnancy loss in a Han-Chinese population (2011)

Although there are plenty of evidence that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that fall within coding sequences of genes are involved in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), it is still unknown whether the polymorphisms in microRNAs (miRNAs) are related with RPL. In this study, we established this kind of association by confirming significant differences in genotype distribution of rs41275794 (P= 0.0005) and rs12976445 (P= 0.001) within the pri-miR-125a in 217 Han Chinese patients of RPL compared with 431 controls. Based on this observation, two-locus haplotypes were constructed and the A-T haplotype was found to be associated with an increased risk of RPL (OR=2.84, 95%C.I. 1.98-4.07, P=0.0000000057). Further analysis showed that the levels of pre- and mature- miR-125a were down-regulated in the cells transfected with the A-T haplotype, which was consistent with in vivo detection that the level of mature miR-125a was lower in 30 pregnant women with A-T haplotype than that with G-C haplotype. During in vitro RNA processing assays, we found a similar decrease in the amount of pre-miR-125a and decline in binding capacity of nuclear factors to pri-miR-125a with A-T haplotype. More importantly, the reduction in miR-125a, as a consequence of A-T haplotype, further led to less efficient inhibition of target genes, LIFR and ERBB2, which play important roles in the embryo implantation and decidualization. Thus, our data collectively suggest that two common polymorphisms in pre-miR-125a might contribute to the genetic predisposition to RPL by disrupting the production of miR-125a, which consequently interfered in the expression and function of target genes of miR-125a.
Glass‐Forming Region and Structure of Oxyhalide Glasses in the System LiCl‐Li <sub>2</sub> O‐TeO <sub>2</sub> (1988)

The glass‐forming region for oxyhalide glasses in the system LiCl‐Li 2 O‐TeO 2 has been established. It extends to the LiCl‐rich side, ranging from 15 to 60 mol% LiCl, whereas it is limited to only about 30 mol% Li 2 O on the lithia‐rich side. The reason for such an extended glass‐forming region on addition of LiCl to TeO 2 is discussed on the basis of the results of infrared spectroscopic measurements.
High-Brightness Unstable-Resonator Lasers Fabricated with Improved Dry-Etching Technology for Ultra-Smooth Laser Facets (2002)

In this article, we present the fabrication and investigation of high-brightness semiconductor lasers. Details about the epitaxial growth together with results of broad-area lasers are shown. For the fabrication of the dry-etched laser mirrors, a multilayer etch mask together with an optimized chemically-assisted ion-beam etching (CAIBE) process have been developed leading to ultra-smooth laser facets. With this technique, unstable-resonator lasers with curved mirrors have been fabricated. The devices were tested in pulsed and continuous wave operation, exhibiting high optical output powers. Corrected far fields were measured and the corresponding virtual source size was calculated to be in the range of 2 µm leading to a brightness of 60 MW/(cm2 sr). This was achieved in cw operation using only the main lobe intensity of the uncoated single-facet output power.
The effect of grafting on sex expression in cucumber (1977)

Cleft and bud graftings were performed between widely different genotypes of cucumber plants. The stock caused a considerable change in the flowering pattern of the scion, especially when it was shootless. The results were compared with previous ambivalent information, and interpreted as indicating that the regulating substances flow from the stock to the scion.
Aggregation of p-Sulfonatocalixarene-Based Amphiphiles and Supra-Amphiphiles (2013)

p-Sulfonatocalixarenes are a special class of water soluble macrocyclic molecules made of 4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate units linked by methylene bridges. One of the main features of these compounds relies on their ability to form inclusion complexes with cationic and neutral species. This feature, together with their water solubility and apparent biological compatibility, had enabled them to emerge as one the most important host receptors in supramolecular chemistry. Attachment of hydrophobic alkyl chains to these compounds leads to the formation of macrocyclic host molecules with amphiphilic properties. Like other oligomeric surfactants, these compounds present improved performance with respect to their monomeric counterparts. In addition, they hold their recognition abilities and present several structural features that depend on the size of the macrocycle and on the length of the alkyl chain, such as preorganization, flexibility and adopted conformations, which make these molecules very interesting to study structure-aggregation relationships. Moreover, the recognition abilities of p-sulfonatocalixarenes enable them to be applied in the design of amphiphiles constructed from non-covalent, rather than covalent, bonds (supramolecular amphiphiles). In this review, we summarize the developments made on the design and synthesis of p-sulfonatocalixarenes-based surfactants, the characterization of their self-assembly properties and on how their structure affects these properties.
Biodegradable Water-Based Polyurethane Shape Memory Elastomers for Bone Tissue Engineering (2018)

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are polymers with the shape memory effect. The biodegradable SMPs are candidate materials for making biomedical devices and scaffolds for tissue engineering. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO NPs) have recently been reported to promote the osteogenic induction of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). In this study, we synthesized water-based biodegradable shape memory polyurethane (PU) as the main component of the 3D printing ink for fabricating bone scaffolds. The 3D printing ink contained 500 ppm of SPIO NPs to promote osteogenic induction and shape fixity, and it also contained polyethylene oxide (PEO) or gelatin for the improvement of printability. Scaffolds were printed by the microextrusion-based low-temperature fuse deposition manufacturing (LFDM) platform. Both PU-PEO and PU-gelatin ink showed excellent printability. Shape memory properties were evaluated in 50 °C air and 37 °C water. PU-PEO scaffolds showed better shape fixity and recovery than PU-gelatin scaffolds, while the shape memory properties in water were better than those in air. hMSCs were seeded for evaluation of bone regeneration. The proliferation of the hMSCs in PU/gelatin and PU/gelatin/SPIO scaffolds was greater than that in PU/PEO and PU/PEO/SPIO scaffolds, confirming the better compatibility of gelatin vs PEO as the viscosity enhancer of the ink. The gradual release of SPIO NPs from the scaffolds promoted the osteogenesis of seeded hMSCs. With SPIO in the scaffolds, the osteogenesis increased 2.7 times for PU/PEO and 1.5 times for PU/gelatin scaffolds based on the collagen content. Meanwhile, SPIO release from PU/PEO/SPIO scaffolds was faster than that from PU/gelatin/SPIO scaffolds at 14 days, consistent with the better osteogenesis observed in PU/PEO/SPIO scaffolds. We concluded that 3D printed PU scaffolds with shape memory properties, biodegradability, and osteogenic effect may be employed to the minimally invasive surgical procedures as customized-bone substitutes for bone tissue engineering.
Proteins Associated with Immunopurified Granules from a Model Pancreatic Islet β-Cell System: Proteomic Snapshot of an Endocrine Secretory Granule (2008)

beta-Cell granules contain proteins involved in fuel regulation, which when altered, contribute to metabolic disorders including diabetes mellitus. We analyzed proteins present in purified granules from the INS-1E beta-cell model. Fifty-one component proteins were identified by LC-MS/MS including hormones, granins, protein processing components, cellular trafficking components, enzymes implicated in cellular metabolism and chaperone proteins. These findings may increase understanding of granule secretion and the processes leading to protein aggregation and beta-cell death in type-2 diabetes.
Study of Reverse Design for an Axial Turbine Blade Profile and Design Parameters for Designing Blade Geometry (2000)

For a given axial turbine blade, reverse design method is developed to improve blade efficiency, optimize blade profile, or repair parts etc. In this process, design parameters for designing axial turbine blade are induced. The induced design parameters are as follows; ellipse at leading edge, radios of trailing edge, axial chord, tangential chord, wedge angle at the inlet, and unguided turning angle. Suction and pressure surfaces of turbine blade are described by cubic polynomials. Two sample blades we chosen and their blade profiles are measured at the mean radius. Values of design parameters for sample blades are obtained by the reverse design method. Re-designed blade profiles using calculated design parameters are compared with the measured data, and they show good agreement. So, the developed design method could be applied to design general turbine blades. Various blade shapes are designed, and they show that designed blade profiles can be adjusted by controlling design parameters.
Competitive Adsorption of Hen's Egg Yolk Granule Lipoproteins and Phosvitin in Oil-in-Water Emulsions (1997)

Competitive adsorption of egg yolk granule lipoproteins and phosvitin in oil-in-water emulsions was investigated at pH 4.0, 7.0, and 9.0. Protein solutions contained different ratios of granule proteins to pure phosvitin. The droplet size of the pH 4.0 emulsions was higher than the values obtained for the pH 7.0 and 9.0 emulsions at all of the different combinations of granule and pure phosvitin. Unlike the pH 7.0 and 9.0 emulsions, the amount of phosvitin bound to the oil−water interface at pH 4.0 increased with increase in weight ratio of added pure phosvitin. Time-dependent exchange experiments showed that displacement of phosvitin from the interface by granule lipoproteins was higher and more rapid at pH 7.0 than at pH 4.0, suggesting that the reduction in negative charges of phosvitin molecules at pH 4.0 increases its affinity to the interface. There was an initial increase in droplet size of the phosvitin emulsions upon addition of a granule preparation, which was probably as a result of bridging flocculation of the emulsions by the adsorbing lipoproteins. The results suggest that granule lipoproteins are more surface active than phosvitin and that protein mixtures containing lipoproteins and pure phosvitin would stabilize food emulsions better at pH 7.0 and 9.0 than at pH 4.0. Keywords: Egg yolk granule; competitive adsorption; emulsion; phosvitin; lipoproteins
QuickCheck (2000)

Quick Check is a tool which aids the Haskell programmer in formulating and testing properties of programs. Properties are described as Haskell functions, and can be automatically tested on random input, but it is also possible to define custom test data generators. We present a number of case studies, in which the tool was successfully used, and also point out some pitfalls to avoid. Random testing is especially suitable for functional programs because properties can be stated at a fine grain. When a function is built from separately tested components, then random testing suffices to obtain good coverage of the definition under test.
Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity of Inhibitory Synapses in the Entorhinal Cortex (2006)

Actions of inhibitory interneurons organize and modulate many neuronal processes, yet the mechanisms and consequences of plasticity of inhibitory synapses remain poorly understood. We report on spike-timing-dependent plasticity of inhibitory synapses in the entorhinal cortex. After pairing presynaptic stimulations at time t(pre) with evoked postsynaptic spikes at time t(post) under pharmacological blockade of excitation we found, via whole cell recordings, an asymmetrical timing rule for plasticity of the remaining inhibitory responses. Strength of response varied as a function of the time interval Deltat = t(post) - t(pre): for Deltat > 0 inhibitory responses potentiated, peaking at a delay of 10 ms. For Deltat < 0, the synaptic coupling depressed, again with a maximal effect near 10 ms of delay. We also show that changes in synaptic strength depend on changes in intracellular calcium concentrations and demonstrate that the calcium enters the postsynaptic cell through voltage-gated channels. Using network models, we demonstrate how this novel form of plasticity can sculpt network behavior efficiently and with remarkable flexibility.
Multiple channel signal generation using multichannel grating cavity laser with crosstalk compensation (1992)

A multichannel grating cavity (MGC) laser has been used to generate WDM channels simultaneously using a novel crosstalk compensation scheme. With a channel spectral separation of 2.2nm in the 1.5μm wavelength range, crosstalk levels of better than 20dB have been achieved. Good agreement is obtained between theory and experiment.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of β‐Methyl Homoallyl Alcohols (1979)

Macrolide antibiotics and other natural products and active compounds contain β-methylalkanol structural units which can now be synthesized diastereoselectively with the aid of the adaptable synthetic unit (1).
Computational discovery of soybean promoter <i>cis</i>‐regulatory elements for the construction of soybean cyst nematode‐inducible synthetic promoters (2014)

Computational methods offer great hope but limited accuracy in the prediction of functional cis-regulatory elements; improvements are needed to enable synthetic promoter design. We applied an ensemble strategy for de novo soybean cyst nematode (SCN)-inducible motif discovery among promoters of 18 co-expressed soybean genes that were selected from six reported microarray studies involving a compatible soybean-SCN interaction. A total of 116 overlapping motif regions (OMRs) were discovered bioinformatically that were identified by at least four out of seven bioinformatic tools. Using synthetic promoters, the inducibility of each OMR or motif itself was evaluated by co-localization of gain of function of an orange fluorescent protein reporter and the presence of SCN in transgenic soybean hairy roots. Among 16 OMRs detected from two experimentally confirmed SCN-inducible promoters, 11 OMRs (i.e. 68.75%) were experimentally confirmed to be SCN-inducible, leading to the discovery of 23 core motifs of 5- to 7-bp length, of which 14 are novel in plants. We found that a combination of the three best tools (i.e. SCOPE, W-AlignACE and Weeder) could detect all 23 core motifs. Thus, this strategy is a high-throughput approach for de novo motif discovery in soybean and offers great potential for novel motif discovery and synthetic promoter engineering for any plant and trait in crop biotechnology.
MRI Segmentation of the Human Brain: Challenges, Methods, and Applications (2015)

Image segmentation is one of the most important tasks in medical image analysis and is often the first and the most critical step in many clinical applications. In brain MRI analysis, image segmentation is commonly used for measuring and visualizing the brain's anatomical structures, for analyzing brain changes, for delineating pathological regions, and for surgical planning and image-guided interventions. In the last few decades, various segmentation techniques of different accuracy and degree of complexity have been developed and reported in the literature. In this paper we review the most popular methods commonly used for brain MRI segmentation. We highlight differences between them and discuss their capabilities, advantages, and limitations. To address the complexity and challenges of the brain MRI segmentation problem, we first introduce the basic concepts of image segmentation. Then, we explain different MRI preprocessing steps including image registration, bias field correction, and removal of nonbrain tissue. Finally, after reviewing different brain MRI segmentation methods, we discuss the validation problem in brain MRI segmentation.
Precision Control for Generalized Pattern Search Algorithms with Adaptive Precision Function Evaluations (2006)

In the literature on generalized pattern search algorithms, convergence to a stationary point of a once continuously differentiable cost function is established under the assumption that the cost function can be evaluated exactly. However, there is a large class of engineering problems where the numerical evaluation of the cost function involves the solution of systems of differential algebraic equations. Since the termination criteria of the numerical solvers often depend on the design parameters, computer code for solving these systems usually defines a numerical approximation to the cost function that is discontinuous with respect to the design parameters. Standard generalized pattern search algorithms have been applied heuristically to such problems, but no convergence properties have been stated. In this paper we extend a class of generalized pattern search algorithms to include a subprocedure that adaptively controls the precision of the approximating cost functions. The numerical approximations to the cost function need not define a continuous function. Our algorithms can be used for solving linearly constrained problems with cost functions that are at least locally Lipschitz continuous. Assuming that the cost function is smooth, we prove that our algorithms converge to a stationary point. Under the weaker assumption that the cost function is only locally Lipschitz continuous, we show that our algorithms converge to points at which the Clarke generalized directional derivatives are nonnegative in predefined directions. An important feature of our adaptive precision scheme is the use of coarse approximations in the early iterations, with the approximation precision controlled by a test. We show by numerical experiments that such an approach leads to substantial time savings in minimizing computationally expensive functions.
Incompact3d: A powerful tool to tackle turbulence problems with up to <i>O</i>(10<sup>5</sup>) computational cores (2010)

Abstract Understanding the nature of complex turbulent flows remains one of the most challenging problems in classical physics. Significant progress has been made recently using high performance computing, and computational fluid dynamics is now a credible alternative to experiments and theories in order to understand the rich physics of turbulence. In this paper, we present an efficient numerical tool called Incompact3d that can be coupled with massive parallel platforms in order to simulate turbulence problems with as much complexity as possible, using up to O (10 5 ) computational cores by means of direct numerical simulation (DNS). DNS is the simplest approach conceptually to investigate turbulence, featuring the highest temporal and spatial accuracy and it requires extraordinary powerful resources. This paper is an extension of Laizet et al. ( Comput. Fluids 2010; 39 (3):471–484) where the authors proposed a strategy to run DNS with up to 1024 computational cores. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural and Electrical Properties of Vanadium Dioxide Thin Films (1968)

Reactively sputtered vanadium dioxide films have been analyzed to determine the relation between their electrical and structural properties. The structure of the thin films was determined by x-ray diffraction, reflection electron diffraction, and electron microscopy of carbon replicas of the film surfaces. The various substrates which were evaluated for thin film VO2 deposition were amorphous glass, glazed ceramic, and single-crystal sapphire and rutile. Electrical conductivity measurements were made to correlate film perfection with the conductivity ratio between the semiconducting and metallic states. Films deposited on amorphous substrates such as glass and glazed ceramic are polycrystalline in structure with small grain size. Conductivity ratios of approximately 102 were observed with a very broad transition region centered at 68 °C. These films, in addition to VO2, exhibit an extra x-ray line at d = 2.25, tentatively identified as VO1.87. On sapphire substrates, highly textured films were obtained while the films deposited on rutile substrates were epitaxial. In both cases conductivity ratios of 3.5 × 103 were observed. While the epitaxial films had better structural perfection, the conductivity ratio was no better than the textured films. A large grain size is considered to be the dominant factor in achieving high conductivity ratios in these VO2 films.
Homonuclear broad band decoupling and two-dimensional <i>J</i>-resolved NMR spectroscopy (1976)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation W. P. Aue, J. Karhan, R. R. Ernst; Homonuclear broad band decoupling and two‐dimensional J‐resolved NMR spectroscopy. J. Chem. Phys. 15 May 1976; 64 (10): 4226–4227. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.431994 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioThe Journal of Chemical Physics Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Steric Effects and Solvent Effects in Ionic Reactions (2002)

Rates of SN2 reactions of chloride ion with methyl- and tert-butyl-substituted chloroacetonitrile were measured by using Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance spectrometry to follow the isotopic exchange reaction. Barrier heights for these reactions indicate that steric effects in the gas phase are diminished relative to apparent steric effects in solution. We attribute the increased barrier in solution to a solvation effect. Monte Carlo simulations done using statistical perturbation theory confirm that steric hindrance to solvation contributes to SN2 barriers in solution.
Expression of transfected human interferon-<i>gamma</i> DNA: evidence for cell-specific regulation. (1986)

The production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) has been limited to two specific cell types of the immune system, T cells and large granular lymphocytes. Interleukin 2 (IL 2) appears to be the primary physiologic stimulus for IFN-gamma production in vitro, but other agents, such as antigens, phorbol myristic acetate, concanavalin A, or other plant lectins, may also act as effective inducing agents for IFN-gamma production. Little is known, however, as to the role, if any, that genetic factors may play in the induction process. We now report that, on stable transfection of the genomic human IFN-gamma 8.6 Kb BamH DNA fragment into a mouse T lymphoblast cell line, both mRNA expression and synthesis of human IFN-gamma were stimulated by both the physiologic ligand IL 2 and phorbol ester. In contrast, we have been unable to induce with extracellular stimulants IFN-gamma production or cytoplasmic mRNA after introduction of this gene into NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, thus suggesting that the extracellular regulation of the expression of IFN-gamma may be controlled by a developmental mechanism(s) intrinsic for cells of lymphoid lineage.
Georgetown University's Developing Foreign Law Policy and Its Implications for Providing Reference Service (1989)

Law libraries which acquire foreign legal materials often have difficulty collecting at a com r, rehensive level when focusing on a large number of countries. The Georgetown University Law Library resolved this problem by setting very clear limits on the countries for which it would purchase or retain materials. Such a policy has serious public service consequences, however, and calls for an even greater reliance on bibliographic tools for locating resources not available in the collection.