gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probiotics in inflammatory bowel disease: is it all gut flora modulation?: Figure 1 (2004)

Understanding probiotic action may permit modulation of the immune system, both locally and systemically

There is considerable public, media, and scientific interest in “natural” products, including probiotics, in modulating intestinal inflammation and health.1 Intestinal microflora are intimately involved in the generation of immunocompetent cells and tuning the balance between T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 immunity during the development of the gut associated immune system. It is now generally accepted that the intestinal bacterial flora contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) along with mucosal immune dysregulation and genetic susceptibility. Considerable research is focused on modifying the intestinal flora with probiotic bacteria to attenuate inflammatory activity and prevent relapses in ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, and pouchitis. Although both Lactobacillus species and Bifidobacterium species are frequently used, the optimum use of probiotics in IBD requires greater understanding of their effects on the immune system.

A rationale for the use of probiotics in IBD stems from reports of dysbiosis in the intestinal flora in ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, and pouchitis, either by conventional anaerobic culture or by analysis using molecular probes. It is however unclear whether such alterations in intestinal flora drives the inflammation or is a consequence of it. The practical application of probiotic strategy has been especially encouraged by the positive results of a trial in its use for the prevention and treatment of pouchitis.2,3 The multispecies probiotics used pose special challenges in identifying precise mechanism of action, although alterations in faecal flora have been demonstrated.4 Despite some positive trials, generalisation from pouchitis to their use for all forms of IBD appears somewhat premature, however, as for example, a trial of administration of Lactobacillus GG after surgical resection for Crohn’s disease proved ineffective in preventing relapse.5 Further studies are therefore …
Manipulation of Incubation Temperatures to Increase Cold Resistance of Broilers:Influence on Embryo Development, Organ Weights, Hormones and Body Composition (2012)

Eighteen hundred eggs obtained from Ross broiler breeders at 32 and 48 wk age were randomly assigned to two incubation treatments: T1 eggs were incubated at 37.6°C throughout, while for T2 eggs the incubation temperature was reduced 1°C for 6 h daily at embryonic ages (EA) 10 to 18. Embryo and organ weights and body composition were measured at EA 14, 19 and day of hatch (DOH). Hatchability and hatching duration, as well as serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxin (T4), and triglycerides were measured at DOH. T1 eggs contained less water than T2 eggs at EA 18. Hatchability was lower and the incubation period was 4.2 h longer for T2 than T1 chicks. On DOH for older breeders chick weights and serum T3 levels were higher for T2 than T1; however, those from younger breeders were similar at both incubation temperatures. These results may show a beneficial effect of T2 treatment in older breeders. Incubation temperature did not affect triglycerides levels. On DOH, higher body lipids content of T2 than T1 chicks may contribute to their resistance to cold post hatch.
Array Noise Matching—Generalization, Proof and Analogy to Power Matching (2010)

In array antennas with residual coupling, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can suffer from noise coupling from the inputs of the low noise amplifiers (LNAs) to the other channels. As shown recently, the lost SNR can be retrieved by changing the individual matching circuits. This paper explains the theory behind array noise matching and generalizes it for non-equal LNAs and non-reciprocal sources. It also shows an analogy between noise matching of an array and power matching into the complex conjugate of the optimum noise impedances of the individual LNAs. This turns out to be useful for practical noise matching of mutually coupled arrays. In some cases it becomes impossible to reach the theoretical optimum matching with passive matching networks. Therefore an additional boundary condition will be introduced and investigated.
Photonic Crystal Components: New Tools for Stand-off Detection and Tracking (2007)

Photonic crystals provide strong distinctive reflection and emission spectra in the infrared. Specific patterns with strong infrared resonances inside (or just outside) traditional infrared imaging bands, offer unique opportunities for remote sensing, tagging, and tracking. Article not available.
A Hybrid POW-POS Implementation Against 51 percent Attack in Cryptocurrency System (2019)

The success and popularity of Bitcoin mainly focuses the underlying blockchain technology which is totally immutable distributed ledger, highly secured by its P2P network consensus named Proof of Work (PoW). One of the worst threats to a Proof-of-Work based cryptocurrency is 51% attack. If one or more dishonest network peer gains more than 50% of resource such as processing power, then they will become the majority decision maker in the network. It is already proved that mixing of two or more existing protocol that is called hybrid protocol can make the network enough resistive to this attack. The recent implementations of hybrid protocols have other limitations and problems that they are facing and striving to resolve. But their main weakness is in distribution of block mining reward to the investors. From the perspective of an investor, an investor invests his hard-earned money in a cryptocurrency for making proper profit from his investment. The main source of this profit is the block reward which is generated and given to the miner on successful mining of a block. So, to ensure this profit is given to proper user on proper time interval, the consistency of block generation time interval is a vital factor. The voting system, ticket system etc. are not time controlled and over all block reward generation interval will not show a uniform distribution of profit. Another big issue is diversifying the peers by creating special committee and groups of validators the concept of P2P network is violated. In this paper we will describe a step by step process to implement a Hybrid PoW-PoS based consensus protocol. In our proposed system, the PoW mining process is only used to regulate the block generation time. The actual block generation is done by the same user with PoS consensus mechanism. There is no voting or validating committee. The entire network will validate each block. This is the major difference with other discussed system. The system will not only be able to tackle the 51% attack, it provides a uniform distribution of mining reward to the stake holders and investors by maintaining a precise block generation interval with difficulty adjustment in PoW mining and probability calculation for stake holders according to their matured staking balance. We will not only show how to make the system non-vulnerable to this attack but also describe in detail about how to validate the transactions and blocks in different stage of creating the block chain.
RNA-Seq Gene Profiling - A Systematic Empirical Comparison (2014)

Accurately quantifying gene expression levels is a key goal of experiments using RNA-sequencing to assay the transcriptome. This typically requires aligning the short reads generated to the genome or transcriptome before quantifying expression of pre-defined sets of genes. Differences in the alignment/quantification tools can have a major effect upon the expression levels found with important consequences for biological interpretation. Here we address two main issues: do different analysis pipelines affect the gene expression levels inferred from RNA-seq data? And, how close are the expression levels inferred to the "true" expression levels? We evaluate fifty gene profiling pipelines in experimental and simulated data sets with different characteristics (e.g, read length and sequencing depth). In the absence of knowledge of the 'ground truth' in real RNAseq data sets, we used simulated data to assess the differences between the "true" expression and those reconstructed by the analysis pipelines. Even though this approach does not take into account all known biases present in RNAseq data, it still allows to estimate the accuracy of the gene expression values inferred by different analysis pipelines. The results show that i) overall there is a high correlation between the expression levels inferred by the best pipelines and the true quantification values; ii) the error in the estimated gene expression values can vary considerably across genes; and iii) a small set of genes have expression estimates with consistently high error (across data sets and methods). Finally, although the mapping software is important, the quantification method makes a greater difference to the results.
Long-Term Maintenance of gp120-Specific Immune Responses by Genetic Vaccination with the HIV-1 Envelope Genes Linked to the Gene Encoding Flt-3 Ligand (2003)

Abstract DNA vaccines target dendritic cells (DC) to induce Ag-specific immune responses in animals. Potent HIV-specific immunity could be achieved by efficient priming of the immune system by DNA vaccines. We investigated a novel DNA vaccine approach based on the role of growth factors in DC expansion and differentiation. To this end, we constructed chimeric genes encoding the HIV envelope glycoproteins physically linked to the extracellular domain of Fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor-3 ligand (FLex; a DC growth factor; both mouse (m)FLex and human (h)FLex). These chimeric gene constructs synthesized biologically active, oligomeric FLex:gp120 fusion proteins and induced DC expansion (CD11c+CD11b+) when injected i.v. into mice. This DC expansion is comparable to that achieved by FLex DNA encoding native FLex protein. When delivered intramuscularly as DNA vaccines, hFLex:gp120 induced high frequencies of gp120-specific CD8+ T cells in the presence or absence of FLex DNA-induced DC expansion, but gp120 and mFLex:gp120 elicited only low to moderate levels of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells. In contrast, mFLex:gp120 induced high levels of anti-gp120 Abs under identical conditions of DNA vaccination. However, the Ab levels in mice immunized with DNA vaccines encoding hFLex:gp120 and gp120 proteins were low without DC expansion, but reached high levels comparable to that elicited by mFLex:gp120 only after the second boost in the presence of DC expansion. Importantly, the gp120-specific CD8+ T cells persisted at high frequency for 114 days (16 wk) after a booster injection. These experiments provide insight into the importance of modulating DC function in vivo for effective genetic vaccination in animals.
Production of Aromatic Minimal Polyketides by the Daunorubicin Polyketide Synthase Genes Reveals the Incompatibility of the Heterologous DpsY and JadI Cyclases (2001)

Our investigations into whether the biosynthesis of a linearly fused ring system of an aromatic polyketide (jadomycin) could be modified to produce an angularly fused system (daunorubicin) and vice versa showed that introduction of the respective cyclases did not have the desired effect. Genes from the daunorubicin pathway produced a novel 21-carbon polyketide.
Desmovilización paramilitar en Colombia: Entre la paz y la justicia (2008)

We have developed a new approach for the synthesis of "improbable" rotaxanes by using malonate-centered rotaxanes as interlocked surrogate precursors. Here, the desired dumbbell-shaped structure can be assembled from two different, completely separate, portions, with the only residual structure introduced from the malonate surrogate being a methylene group. We have synthesized improbable [2]- and [3]rotaxanes with all-hydrocarbon dumbbell-shaped components to demonstrate the potential structural flexibility and scope of the guest species that can be interlocked when using this approach.
Binding of human fibronectin to group A, C, and G streptococci (1983)

A total of 387 bacterial strains belonging to 35 species were tested in direct binding experiments for the uptake of purified radiolabeled human fibronectin. Positive binding was found in group A, C, and G streptococci and in Staphylococcus aureus. The group C streptococcal species Streptococcus equisimilis, Streptococcus zooepidemicus, Streptococcus equi, and Streptococcus dysgalactiae were uniformly reactive with fibronectin. Beta-hemolytic bovine group G streptococci showed the same degree of reactivity as human group G strains. In contrast, only 4 out of 15 alpha-hemolytic bovine group G strains were able to bind fibronectin. The uptake of fibronectin measured at room temperature with a human group G streptococcus was a slow, time-dependent process with maximum binding after approximately 1 h. Human polyclonal immunoglobulin G and serum albumin tested in inhibition experiments did not affect the fibronectin binding. Fibronectin seems, therefore, to interact with a surface component that is different from the specific binding sites previously described for human immunoglobulin G and serum albumin.
A 40-dBm high voltage broadband GaN Class-J power amplifier for PoE micro-basestations (2013)

A broadband, efficient and linear RF power amplifier for 4G multi-standard micro-basestations is presented. With an optimized Class-J matching network and a new commercially available high voltage 10W GaN HEMT, output power around 40.5dBm is measured across 1.65-2.70GHz with 55-72% drain efficiency at 1-dB compression point under CW stimulus. Using a 20MHz modulated test signal at 2.5GHz with 9.5dB PAPR, high average efficiency of 48% was measured at 35.9dBm average output power, with ACPR better than -30dBc. To the author's best knowledge, this is the first Class-J prototype operating at 47V, enabling power over ethernet applications without any external voltage regulation, thereby further reducing bill of materials and improving the overall system efficiency.
The Design and Performance of a Pluggable Protocols Framework for Object Request Broker Middleware (1999)

To be an effective platform for performance-sensitive real-time and embedded applications, off-the-shelf OO middleware like CORBA, DCOM, and Java RMI must preserve communication-layer quality of service (QoS) properties to applications end-to-end. However, conventional OO middleware interoperability protocols, such as CORBA's GIOP/IIOP or DCOM's MS-RPC, are not well suited for applications that cannot tolerate the message footprint size, latency, and jitter associated with general-purpose messaging and transport protocols. It is essential, therefore, to develop standard plugable protocols frameworks that allow custom messaging and transport protocols to be configured flexibly and used transparently by applications. This paper provides three contributions to research on plugab le protocols frameworks for performance-sensitive communication middleware. First, we outline the key design challenges faced by pluggable protocols developers. Second, we descrive how TAO, our high-performance, real-time CORBA-compliant ORB, addresses these challenges in its pluggable protocols framework. Third, we present the results of benchmarks that pinpoint the impact of TAO's pattern-priented OO design on it end-to-end efficiency, predictability, and scalability. Our results demonstrate how applying optimizations and patterns to communication middleware can yield highly flexible/reusable designs and highly efficient/predictable implementations. In particular, TAO's middleware overhead is only ~110 microsecs using a commercial, off-the-shelf 200 Mhz embedded system CPU, interconnect, and OS. These results illustrate that (1) communication middleware performance is largely an implementation detail and (2) the next-generation of optimized, standards-based middleware can replace ad hoc and proprietary solutions.
Anionic Compounds as Inhibitors of African Swine Fever Virus Replication in Vero Cells (1992)

The anionic compounds, aurintricarboxylic acid, Evans blue, glycyrrhizic acid, taurolithocholic acid, and fuchsin acid, have been tested for their capacity to inhibit the replication of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in Vero cells. Aurintricarboxylic acid suppressed ASFV cytopathic effects at 5μg ml −1 and emerged as the most efficacious inhibitor with a selectivity index (S.I.) of 400, followed by Evans blue with 40, Fuchsin acid with 20, taurolithocholic acid with 10, and glycyrrhizic acid with 5. All the compounds inhibited the virus adsorption or penetration to the cells in some degree, but inhibition was also found when they were added after virus adsorption, indicating that other mechanism (or mechanisms) are involved in viral inhibition.
Ethereum for Architects and Developers (2018)

Explore the Ethereum ecosystem with theory, labs, and live use cases. This book takes you through decentralized applications; Ethereum's architecture; Solidity smart contract programming; and testing, debugging, and deploying smart contracts on your local machine and on the cloud.
Inspektion, Palpation, Perkussion und Herzauskultation (1984)

ZusammenfassungDie Wertigkeit der einzelnen Schritte dieses klassischen Quartetts der körperlichen Untersuchung ist bei der Untersuchung des Herzens durchaus unterschiedlich, da das Zielorgan im starren Brustkorb verborgen und zum Teil auch lungenüberlagert ist.
TBADH activity in water-miscible organic solvents: correlations between enzyme performance, enantioselectivity and protein structure through spectroscopic studies (2005)

The enantioselective reduction of 2-pentanone to (R)- and (S)-2-pentanol by Thermoanaerobacter (formerly Thermoanaerobium) brockii alcohol dehydrogenase (TBADH) in mixtures of water and water-miscible organic solvents was investigated. Significant enzymatic activity was retained in up to 87% methanol, ethanol and acetonitrile. The changes in enzyme activity as a function of organic solvent were correlated to structural alterations of TBADH with a series of spectroscopic studies (fluorescence, fluorescence quenching and circular dichroism (CD)). Interestingly, this study shows that the tetrameric form of TBADH is not critical for catalytic performance.
An adjustable synthetic jet by a novel PZT-driven actuator with a slide block (2006)

Synthetic jets have been identified and utilized widely in flow control applications. The synthetic jets are usually created by a traditional PZT-driven actuator, which consists of a small cylindrical cavity that has an emitting orifice and a PZT-diaphragm or two PZTdiaphragms. A novel synthetic jet actuator is composed of two emitting slots, two sealed cavity bounded on one end by a single PZT diaphragm, and a slide block. The flow fields of the novel synthetic jet actuator in the quiescent air and the cross-flow conditions were simulated. The results show the slide block of the novel synthetic jet actuator has an important regulating function and a unique adjustable synthetic jet can be generated with slight modifications of the slide block. The adjustable synthetic jet may potentially replace the traditional synthetic jets in various applications, and also extend the applications of the synthetic jet to more flow control systems that can't be implemented by the traditional synthetic jets.
Elevated Levels of <i>S</i> -Nitrosoalbumin in Preeclampsia Plasma (2001)

The availability of nitric oxide (NO), which is required for the normal regulation of vascular tone, may be decreased in preeclampsia, thus contributing to the vascular pathogenesis of this pregnancy disorder. Because ascorbate is essential for the decomposition of S-nitrothiols and the release of NO, we speculated that the ascorbate deficiency typical of preeclampsia plasma might result in decreased rates of decomposition of S-nitrosothiols. We tested the hypothesis that total S-nitrosothiol and S-nitrosoalbumin concentrations are increased in preeclampsia plasma, reflecting a decreased release of NO from these major reservoirs of NO. Gestationally matched plasma samples were obtained (before labor or intravenous MgSO(4)) from 21 women with preeclampsia and 21 women with normal pregnancy, and plasma samples were also obtained from 12 nonpregnant women of similar age and body mass index during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. All were nonsmokers. The assay included ultraviolet-induced decomposition of S-nitrosothiols to liberate NO captured by a florigenic reagent, 4,5-diaminofluoresceine, to produce diaminofluoresceine-Triazole. Preeclampsia plasma contained significantly higher concentrations of total S-nitrosothiols (11.1+/-2.9 nmol/mL) than normal pregnancy samples (9.4+/-1.5 nmol/mL). Even greater differences were found between preeclampsia plasma and plasma samples from normal pregnancies and nonpregnant women (294+/-110, 186+/-25, and 151+/-25 pmol/mg protein, respectively) when S-nitrosothiol content was expressed per milligram protein. The albumin fraction contained 49.4% of total plasma S-nitrosothiols in the control samples and 53.7% and 56.8% of plasma S-nitrosothiols in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia, respectively. The level of S-nitrosoalbumin was significantly higher in preeclampsia than in normal pregnancy or nonpregnancy plasma (6.3+/-1.4, 5.1+/-0.7, and 4.2+/-1.0 nmol/mL, respectively). The increased concentration of S-nitrosoalbumin in preeclampsia almost completely accounted for the increased levels of S-nitrosothiols in total plasma. Due to combined increases in nitrosothiols and decreases in protein, the preeclampsia plasma concentration of S-nitrosoalbumin was greatly increased on a per milligram of protein basis (271% and 186% compared with normal nonpregnancy and normal pregnancy plasma, respectively). We conclude that S-nitrosoalbumin and total S-nitrosothiol concentrations are significantly increased in preeclampsia plasma and may reflect insufficient release of NO groups in this condition.
Specific Contribution of Tyk2 JH Regions to the Binding and the Expression of the Interferon α/β Receptor Component IFNAR1 (1998)

Cytokine signaling involves the activation of the Janus kinase (JAK) family of tyrosine kinases. These enzymes are physically associated with cytokine receptor components. Here, we sought to define the molecular basis of the interaction between Tyk2 and IFNAR1, a component of the interferon alpha/beta receptor, by delimiting a minimal IFNAR1 binding region in the Tyk2 protein. Using an in vitro assay system, we narrowed down the interaction domain to a region comprising the JH7 and part of the JH6 homology boxes (amino acids 22-221). When expressed in Tyk2-negative cells, the JH7-6 region was unable to stabilize IFNAR1 protein levels, a critical function that we previously attributed to the N region (amino acids 1-591) of Tyk2. Moreover, substitution of the JH7-JH6 domain in JAK1 with that of Tyk2 did not restore IFNAR1 level nor interferon alpha signaling in Tyk2-negative cells. Thus, the major interaction surface lies within JH7-6, but additional JH regions (JH5-4-3) contribute in a specific manner to the in vivo assembly of Tyk2 and IFNAR1. Evidence is also provided of the lack of specificity of the Tyk2 kinase-like and tyrosine kinase domains in interferon alpha/beta receptor signaling.