gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Fetal Nongonadal Tissues Contain Human Chorionic Gonadotropin/Luteinizing Hormone Receptors (2004)

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone produced in abundance by placental syncytiotrophoblasts, is preferentially secreted into maternal circulation. Fetal circulation also contains low levels of hCG that are probably derived from fetal kidney, liver, anterior pituitary gland, etc. In addition, the fetus has access to hCG present in exocoelomic and amniotic fluids. hCG has been found in a number of fetal tissues known to stimulate fetal adrenal and testicular steroidogenesis and is also thought to play a role in growth and differentiation of fetal tissues. This led us to test the hypothesis that fetal nongonadal tissues, as in the adult, may also contain hCG/LH receptors. This hypothesis was tested by immunocytochemistry, Western blotting, in situ hybridization, and RT-PCR. The results demonstrate that kidney, liver, pancreas, lung, small and large intestines, and adrenals contained hCG/LH receptors. Although the role of fetal nongonadal hCG/LH receptors is not known, they may mediate the pleiotropic actions of hCG in the growing human fetus.
p-q Theory power components calculations (2004)

The "generalized theory of the instantaneous reactive power in three-phase circuits", proposed by Akagi et al., and also known as the p-q theory, is an interesting tool to apply to the control of active power filters, or even to analyze three-phase power system in order to detect problems related to harmonics, reactive power and unbalance. In this paper it will be shown that in three phase electrical systems the instantaneous power waveform presents symmetries if 1/6, 1/3, 1/2 or 1 cycle of the power system fundamental frequency, depending on the system being balanced or not, and having or not even harmonics (interharmonics and subharmonics are not considered in this analysis). These symmetries can be exploited to accelerate the calculations for active filters controllers based on the p-q theory. In the case of the conventional reactive power or zero-sequence compensation, it is shown that the theoretical control system dynamic response delay is zero.
Methods and Procedures for Trim Balancing the LM2500 Marine Gas Turbine in the Test Cell and Aboard Ship (1989)

Extensive fleet experience with LM2500 marine gas turbines shows that engines with higher than normal vibration are more likely to show early wear. Gas generator rotor unbalance has been identified as the main cause of high vibration. Rotor rebalancing reduces vibration to acceptable levels, at the same time reducing or eliminating many wearout modes. Initially, the only rebalance option was to remove the gas generator from the ship and send it to the depot. The high cost of this option led to a search for alternatives, and the successful development of a procedure for rebalancing the gas generator rotor aboard ship. The method adopted was the well known influence coefficient procedure, developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in the late 1960’s. This method is well suited for implementation on portable computers, and fits readily into a practical procedure for use by trained technicians. The NASA program originally included a procedure to minimize peak residual vibration. Navy engineers added an improved optimizing procedure and a method to account for engine nonlinearities. Rebalancing involves mounting four external accelerometers on the engine, along with a tachometer to give a one-per-rev signal for phase angle measurement. Baseline vibration measurements, together with stored influence coefficients for the LM2500 engine series, permit first shot multi-plane, multi-speed trim correction weights to be calculated. The compressor case is readily opened and the weights installed without disturbing the engine. Application of this procedure has been highly successful: vibration levels of less than 0.001 inch peak-to-peak over the entire speed range have been achieved. The avoided cost of removal, replacement and repair of an LM2500 is estimated to be about $500,000.
Interparticle Forces Underlying Nanoparticle Self‐Assemblies (2015)

Studies on the self-assembly of nanoparticles have been a hot topic in nanotechnology for decades and still remain relevant for the present and future due to their tunable collective properties as well as their remarkable applications to a wide range of fields. The novel properties of nanoparticle assemblies arise from their internal interactions and assemblies with the desired architecture key to constructing novel nanodevices. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the interparticle forces of nanoparticle self-assemblies is a pre-requisite to the design and control of the assembly processes, so as to fabricate the ideal nanomaterial and nanoproducts. Here, different categories of interparticle forces are classified and discussed according to their origins, behaviors and functions during the assembly processes, and the induced collective properties of the corresponding nanoparticle assemblies. Common interparticle forces, such as van der Waals forces, electrostatic interactions, electromagnetic dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonds, solvophonic interactions, and depletion interactions are discussed in detail. In addition, new categories of assembly principles are summarized and introduced. These are termed template-mediated interactions and shape-complementary interactions. A deep understanding of the interactions inside self-assembled nanoparticles, and a broader perspective for the future synthesis and fabrication of these promising nanomaterials is provided.
A single-element polyphase directional relay (1937)

Increased speed because of reduced inertia and greater torque is obtained from the polyphase directional relay described in this paper. A single cup-like moving element is used in place of multiple disks as used heretofore, the polyphase function being obtained by the use of multiple poles.
Grignard Reagents (1959)

A description of the application of the classical Grignard reaction to industrial syntheses in batchwise equipment is given. The discussion excludes reactions which involve the intermediate formation of other organometallic compounds from the Grignard reagent and applies particularly to the synthesis of alcohols from Grignard reagents and carbonyl compounds. The formation of Grignard reagent, reaction with a carbonyl compound, hydrolysis of the complex, and isolation of the product are discussed with reference to a fairly detailed flow sheet of an operating plant. Other processes proposed for the industrial application of the Grignard reaction are mentioned briefly. Also included is a general discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the Grignard reaction as an industrial process, with some indication of the economics of the process.
Fluorine electron double resonance imaging for <sup>19</sup>F MRI in low magnetic fields (2002)

This work demonstrates the feasibility of generating fluorine NMR images at a very low magnetic field of 0.015 T by making use of the Overhauser enhancement of (19)F NMR signal brought about by a stable, water-soluble, narrow-line paramagnetic contrast agent. The enhancement in the (19)F NMR images depends on the concentration of the single electron contrast agent, the pO(2), and the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) irradiation power. The applicability of this technique for (19)F NMR imaging is demonstrated with phantom samples, where a time resolution of 4-10 min is achieved. Proton electron double resonance imaging (PEDRI) and fluorine electron double resonance imaging (FEDRI) images were also obtained from rat kidneys ex vivo, perfused with 10 mM Oxo63 and 10 M trifluoroacetic acid. The spatial and temporal resolutions of these images are comparable to those obtained at magnetic fields 2-3 orders of magnitude larger. Constant NMR frequency (628 kHz) operation permits both FEDRI and PEDRI of identical slices without removing the object under investigation. This feasibility of coregistration of proton-based anatomical PEDRI image with physiological FEDRI image offers good potential for studying fluorine-containing tracers.
LECTURES ON PSEUDO-DIFFERENTIAL OPERATORS: REGULARITY THEOREMS AND APPLICATIONS TO NON-ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS (1981)

By Alexander Nagel and E. M. Stein: pp. 159. £3.85. (Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1980.)
CD28 ligands CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2) induce long-term autocrine growth of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and induce similar patterns of cytokine secretion <i>in vitro</i> (1995)

The interaction of CD28 and its ligands is critical for antigen-induced T cell activation. Recent studies have demonstrated the existence of at least two members of the B7 receptor family. In this report, the co-stimulatory signals provided by CD80 (B7-1) or CD86 (B7-2) were compared to CD28 ligation by mAb. We demonstrate that the kinetics of induction of T cell proliferation after anti-CD3 stimulation was similar regardless of the form of co-stimulation. Similarly, B7-1 and B7-2 could both maintain long-term expansion of CD4 cells. The co-stimulatory effects of both B7-1 and B7-2 were dependent on CD28 cross-linking, based on complete inhibition of proliferation by CD28 antibody Fab fragments. Co-stimulation with B7-1 and B7-2 induced high levels of cytokine secretion by resting T cells, and the effects of B7-1 and B7-2 could not be distinguished. This conclusion is based on analysis of the initial activation of CD28+ T cells, as well as T cell subpopulations consisting of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Both B7-1 and B7-2 could elicit IL-4 secretion from CD4+ T cells while anti-CD28 antibody induced substantially less IL-4 secretion. Furthermore, both B7-1 and B7-2 could stimulate high levels of IFN-gamma and IL-4 from CD4+CD45RO+ cells, while neither B7 receptor could co-stimulate IFN-gamma and IL-4 secretion from CD4+CD45RA+ T cells. B7-1 and B7-2 could, however, co-stimulate CD4+CD45RA+ T cells to secrete IL-2. By contrast, when previously activated T cells were tested, re-stimulation of CD4+ T cell blasts with B7-1 or B7-2 resulted in higher secretion of IL-4 and IL-5 than anti-CD28, while re-stimulation with anti-CD28 antibody maintained a higher level of secretion of IL-2 and IFN-gamma than B7-1 or B7-2. These observations may have important implications because they suggest that the manner of CD28 ligation can be a critical determinant in the development of cytokine secretion that corresponds to Th1- and Th2-like patterns of differentiation. Together these observations suggest that there are no intrinsic differences between B7-1 and B7-2 in their ability to co-stimulate the populations of cells that we have tested.
Two different polyketide synthase genes are required for synthesis of zearalenone in <i>Gibberella zeae</i> (2005)

Zearalenone (ZEA) is a polyketide mycotoxin produced by some species of Gibberella/Fusarium and causes hyperestrogenic syndrome in animals. ZEA occurs naturally in cereals infected by Gibberella zeae in temperate regions and threatens animal health. In this study, we report on a set of genes that participate in the biosynthesis of ZEA in G. zeae. Focusing on the non-reducing polyketide synthase (PKS) genes of the G. zeae genome, we demonstrated that PKS13 is required for ZEA production. Subsequent analyses revealed that a continuous, 50 kb segment of DNA carrying PKS13 consisted of three additional open reading frames that were coexpressed as a cluster during the condition for ZEA biosynthesis. These genes, in addition to PKS13, were essential for the ZEA biosynthesis. They include another PKS gene (PKS4) encoding a fungal reducing PKS; zearalenone biosynthesis gene 1 (ZEB1), which shows a high similarity to putative isoamyl alcohol oxidase genes; and ZEB2 whose deduced product carries a conserved, basic-region leucine zipper domain. ZEB1 is responsible for the chemical conversion of beta-zearalenonol (beta-ZOL) to ZEA in the biosynthetic pathway, and ZEB2 controls transcription of the cluster members. Transcription of these genes was strongly influenced by different culture conditions such as nutrient starvations and ambient pH. Furthermore, the same set of genes regulated by ZEB2 was dramatically repressed in the transgenic G. zeae strain with the deletion of PKS13 or PKS4 but not in the ZEB1 deletion strain, suggesting that ZEA or beta-ZOL may be involved in transcriptional activation of the gene cluster required for ZEA biosynthesis in G. zeae. This is the first published report on the molecular characterization of genes required for ZEA biosynthesis.
Dynamic bandwidth and resource allocation (DBRA) for MILSATCOM (2005)

A DBRA approach is described that can be employed in a military satellite communication (MILSATCOM) system enabling higher average capacity and increased availability while improving spectral efficiency. The DBRA approach supports three different functions: dynamic coding and modulation (DCM), adapting link rate to link conditions; uplink demand assigned multiple access (DAMA), allowing terminals to get uplink bandwidth based on real-time user needs; downlink statistical multiplexing, enabling the satellite to transmit based on real-time user needs. DCM allows gains in average data rate on the order of 4-10/spl times/ for the uplink and 3-4/spl times/ for the downlink, compared to traditional fixed assignment systems. Furthermore, outage time is reduced by 75%. The DAMA algorithm reduces file transfer times on the order of 2-5/spl times/ compared to fixed capacity assignment, allows more terminals to share the bandwidth, and provides fast response time to users. Finally, downlink statistical multiplexing can lead to significant utilization gains, compared to dedicated access, on the order of 3-5/spl times/.
Arbitrary Frame Rate Transcoding Through Temporal and Spatial Complexity (2009)

In this paper, an arbitrary frame rate transcoding joint considering temporal and spatial complexity of frames in the adaptive length sliding window is proposed. The length of a sliding window can be adjusted according to bandwidth variation in order to decide the number of skipped frames. The proposed method preserves significant frames and drops non-significant ones using the complexity measurements. Moreover, the motion vector composition algorithm is proposed to reduce the computations of motion estimation process by adopting the coding feature of variable block sizes in H.264/AVC video transcoder. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves higher visual quality compared to other existing methods. After combining with the proposed fast motion composition algorithm, our proposed algorithm reduces encoding time significantly with slight visual quality degradation.
Fast handover scheme using handover notification with no acknowledgement (2011)

In this paper, we deal with a fast handover scheme using handover notification with no acknowledgement for reserved access in 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> -generation partnership project long term evolution (3GPP-LTE) system [1]. In the proposed handover scheme, a handover UE designates an RAP in advance and notifies it to the target eNB via the source eNB. Then, the handover UE detaches the connection to the source eNB and tries random access using the reserved RAP with no acknowledgement. Therefore, the handover delay can be greatly reduced, since the handover UE does not wait the acknowledgement from the source eNB and secures access to the target eNB without collision.
Direct Visual Observation of Thermal Capillary Waves (2004)

We studied the free fluid-fluid interface in a phase-separated colloid-polymer dispersion with laser scanning confocal microscopy and directly observed thermally induced capillary waves at the interface in real space. Experimental results for static and dynamic correlation functions validate the capillary wave model down to almost the particle level. The ultralow interfacial tension, the capillary length, and the capillary time are found to be in agreement with independent measurements. Furthermore, we show that capillary waves induce the spontaneous breakup of thin liquid films and thus are of key importance in the process of droplet coalescence.
A Wideband Low-Profile Tightly Coupled Antenna Array With a Very High Figure of Merit (2019)

A wideband, low-profile, tightly coupled antenna array with a simple feed network is presented. The dipole and feed networks in each unit cell are printed on both sides of a single RT/Duroid 6010 substrate with a relative dielectric constant of 10.2. The feed network, composed of meandered impedance transformer and balun sections, is designed based on Klopfenstein tapered microstrip lines. The wide-angle impedance matching is empowered by a novel wideband metasurface superstrate. For the optimum design, scanning to 70° along the E-plane is obtained together with a very high array figure of merit PA = 2.84. The H-plane scan extends to 55°. The broadside impedance bandwidth is 5.5:1 (0.80-4.38) GHz with an active voltage standing-wave ratio value ≤2. The overall height of the array above the ground plane is 0.088λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> , where λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> is the wavelength at the lowest frequency of operation. A prototype was fabricated and tested to confirm the design concepts.
Optimizing an ANSI C interpreter with superoperators (1995)

This paper introduces superoperators, an optimization technique for bytecoded interpreters. Superoperators are virtual machine operations automatically synthesized from smaller operations to avoid costly per-operation overheads. Superoperators decrease executable size and can double or triple the speed of interpreted programs. The paper describes a simple and effective heuristic for inferring powerful superoperators from the usage patterns of simple operators.
Laser frequency bandwidth narrowing by photorefractive two-beam coupling (1992)

We present a theoretical analysis and experimental demonstration of a new method for spectral narrowing of laser radiation. The bandwidth narrowing is experienced by a laser beam subjected to a photorefractive two-beam coupling process. Contrary to the conventional method of frequency filtering by a Fabry-Perot étalon, this technique has no intrinsic finesse limitation on its resolution. A factor of 2 in frequency bandwidth narrowing is achieved with an argon-ion laser.
Inhibition of the p53 E3 Ligase HDM-2 Induces Apoptosis and DNA Damage–Independent p53 Phosphorylation in Mantle Cell Lymphoma (2008)

These findings support the hypothesis that inhibition of the HDM-2/p53 interaction may be a promising approach both by itself and in combination with currently used chemotherapeutics against lymphoid malignancies.
Increased Peroxidation and Reduced Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in Alzheimer's Disease (1998)

The overall peroxidation activity in brain tissue by region from patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-matched controls was determined employing the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) assay, a measure of lipid peroxidation, followed by a determination the activities of the antioxidant enzymes Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT), in the frontal, temporal, and cerebellar cortex of 10 AD and 9 control brains. The level of TBARS was elevated in all regions, with particular statistical significance in the temporal cortex when compared to age-matched controls. SOD activity was significantly decreased in AD frontal and AD temporal cortex, while catalase activity was significantly decreased in AD temporal cortex. There was no significant difference in GSH-Px activity found in any of the regions examined. This study supports the theory that in AD the brain is affected by increased oxidative stress which, when combined with a decrease in SOD activity, produces oxidative alterations, seen most significantly in temporal cortex in AD, where the pathophysiologic changes are most severe.
A cascade of artificial neural networks to predict transformers oil parameters (2009)

In this paper artificial neural networks have been constructed to predict different transformers oil parameters. The prediction is performed through modeling the relationship between the insulation resistance measured between distribution transformers high voltage winding, low voltage winding and the ground and the breakdown strength, interfacial tension acidity and the water content of the transformers oil. The process of predicting these oil parameters statuses is carried out using various configurations of neural networks. First, a multilayer feed forward neural network with a back-propagation learning algorithm was implemented. Subsequently, a cascade of these neural networks was deemed to be more promising, and four variations of a three stage cascade were tested. The first configuration takes four inputs and outputs four parameter values, while the other configurations have four neural networks, each with two or three inputs and a single output; the output from some networks are pipelined to some others to produce the final values. Both configurations are evaluated using real-world training and testing data and the accuracy is calculated across a variety of hidden layer and hidden neuron combinations. The results indicate that even with a lack of sufficient data to train the network, accuracy levels of 84% for breakdown voltage, 95% for interfacial tension, 56% for water content, and 75% for oil acidity predictions were obtained by the cascade of neural networks.
Cultural construction of manhood in prison. (2001)

A social constructionist approach portrays masculinity as being perpetual performance. Manhood is never secure, but always in the making. This article shows that the construction of manhood in prison is an adaptation to an environment of extreme danger and deprivation. The cultural material for the recouping of an impaired manhood is built through action and deed in the cell blocks, prison chow hall, yard, and weight rooms. These encounters and contests among and between inmates are cast into stories and myths and woven into the fabric of prison manhood. Cultural prescriptions and proscriptions instruct men in strategies for building honor and reputation and avoiding shame. This model of prison manhood is not derived from individual psychopathology or an aberrant offshoot of a wider framework for manhood. Rather, the reconstruction of manhood in prison represents an adaptation to an environment of extreme social control and limited resources.
Road Transducer - Objective Brake Balance Measurement Without Vehicle Instrumentation (1987)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">During braking, the ability to utilize available tire-road friction is determined by brake balance. Previous methods for objectively measuring balance require various degrees of vehicle instrumentation and modification. The Road Transducer is a new measurement technique based on instrumented sections of roadway. Individual braking forces developed by each wheel are measured without vehicle instrumentation, modification, or special set up. This facilitates assessment of many vehicles required for statistical analyses. Brake balance data for several hundred vehicles are presented and provide insight to the nominal levels and variability of braking efficiencies found in the field.</div>