gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Privacy in context-based and epidemic forwarding (2009)

Autonomic and opportunistic communications require specific routing algorithms, like replication-based algorithms or context-based forwarding. Privacy is a major concern for protocols which disseminate the context of their destination. In this paper, we focus on the privacy issue inherent to context-based protocols, in the framework of an original epidemic forwarding scheme, which uses context as a heuristic to limit the replication of messages. We define the achievable privacy level with respect to the trusted communities assumption, and the security implications. Indeed, privacy in such an environment raises challenging problems, which lead us to a solution based on two refinements of identity-based encryption, namely searchable encryption and policy-based encryption. This new solution enables forwarding while preserving privacy by allowing secure partial matches in the header and by enforcing confidentiality of the payload.
TRANSFUSION OF DIVIDED RED BLOOD CELLS DURING NEONATAL PERIOD (2003)

For decreasing side effects of blood transfusion and making effective use of blood, it is beneficial that the divided blood component is transfused during a neonatal period, when only a small volume transfusion is required.In the past we had entrusted the division of blood components to The Fukuoka Blood Center, but due to difficulties in meeting emergency needs, we have been putting it into practice at our own hospital since July 1998.At the beginning, we performed alteration of computer programs about transfusion adminstration, making a preparation manual, and several meetings with the staffs concerned. We can now cope with emergency transfusions, resulting in the increase of effectual utilization of blood component. At the same time, the number of blood samplings for compatibility tests has decreased.Irradiation to blood components for avoiding the post transfusion GVHD was performed prior to the division of blood component, but no patients, who had a blood transfusion of divided RC-M. A. P. showed clinical signs of hyperkalemia.In addition, we think that the division of blood component to 2-3 bags would be the most effective on cost performance and safer transfusion.
The Penobscot Expedition: A Tale of Two Indicted Patriots (2006)

La plus grande opération amphibie américaine pendant la guerre révolutionnaire était l'exp édition de Penobscot de 1779 qui a souffert une défaite éblouissante aux mains des forces britaniques. Le capitaine Dudley Saltonstall de la marine continentale, commandant de l'expédition, et le lieutenant colonel Paul Revere, qui a commandé l'artillerie de la milice du Massachusetts, étaient traduits en conseil de guerre par une articulation de faits de mauvaise conduite . Bien que la renommée de Revere n'est guère associée avec son service militaire, cet incident a souillé sa carrière légendaire. Cet article évalue les capacités de commande des deux hommes, la composition des forces américaines, les problèmes de maniment des navires pendant la bataille, et les implications politiques des conséquences de la bataille. Enfin, il compare l'application de la justice militaire pendant la guerre révolutionnaire aux normes actuelles.
Synthesis and Characterization of AP5346, a Novel Polymer-Linked Diaminocyclohexyl Platinum Chemotherapeutic Agent (2006)

Syntheses of the novel polymer-bound platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent poly(HPMA)-GGG-Ama=Pt=(1R,2R)-DACH, AP5346, and its precursors are reported. The method utilized in preclinical development of AP5346 is described herein. Additionally, an improved synthesis, which has shown that ion exchange resins can be removed, significantly less platinum can be used when the reaction mixture is pH-stated, and the synthesis can be performed at a higher concentration, is reported. These combined improvements result in a more cost-effective, scaleable procedure. Various methods of analysis of the drug substance are also discussed. Specifically, (1)H NMR spectroscopy is used for identity and can also distinguish small molecule impurities to below 0.1%. (195)Pt NMR determines the coordination environment of the platinum and also identity and purity in relation to platinum chelation of the construct. Size exclusion chromatography is used to establish the molecular weight of AP5346 while ICP-AES determines platinum content and platinum release rates in phosphate-buffered saline. The cumulative results of this work have yielded an efficient syntheses of a polymer-based chemotherapeutic agent with subsequent detailed characterization methods.
Demonstration of anisotropic composites with tuneable microwave permeability manufactured from ferromagnetic thin films (1996)

Recently, we presented the microwave properties of laminated insulator ferromagnetic on the edge (LIFE) composites. For the fundamental mode propagating in a coaxial line, they exhibit large permeability and low permittivity. In this paper we investigate the properties of LIFE composites in the 0.1 to 18 GHz range when a static magnetic field is applied along the propagation direction. We show that the evolution of the resonance frequency with the external field can be described by conventional gyromagnetic resonance models. The effect of demagnetizing fields is analyzed. In particular, it is shown that LIFE materials exhibit comparatively low demagnetizing effects and large permeabilities. The evolution of the resonance linewidth with the external field is investigated. LIFE material may be used for a variety of microwave applications in a coaxial line or in a guide. In particular, we demonstrate a tuneable coaxial absorbing termination with peak attenuation frequency tuneable from 1.7 to 18 GHz with more than -15 dB maximum attenuation, and a switchable termination that can be either reflective or absorbing. The operation of a field-driven variable attenuator is also presented.
Iron-Nucleated Folding of a Metalloprotein in High Urea: Resolution of Metal Binding and Protein Folding Events (2010)

Addition of iron salts to chaotrope-denatured aporubredoxin (apoRd) leads to nearly quantitative recovery of its single Fe(SCys)(4) site and native protein structure without significant dilution of the chaotrope. This "high-chaotrope" approach was used to examine iron binding and protein folding events using stopped-flow UV-vis absorption and CD spectroscopies. With a 100-fold molar excess of ferrous iron over denatured apoRd maintained in 5 M urea, the folded holoFe(III)Rd structure was recovered in >90% yield with a t(1/2) of <10 ms. More modest excesses of iron also gave nearly quantitative holoRd formation in 5 M urea but with chronological resolution of iron binding and protein folding events. The results indicate structural recovery in 5 M urea consists of the minimal sequence: (1) binding of ferrous iron to the unfolded apoRd, (2) rapid formation of a near-native ferrous Fe(SCys)(4) site within a protein having no detectable secondary structure, and (3) recovery of the ferrous Fe(SCys)(4) site chiral environment nearly concomitantly with (4) recovery of the native protein secondary structure. The rate of step 2 (and, by inference, step 1) was not saturated even at a 100-fold molar excess of iron. Analogous results obtained for Cys --> Ser iron ligand variants support formation of an unfolded-Fe(SCys)(3) complex between steps 1 and 2, which we propose is the key nucleation event that pulls together distal regions of the protein chain. These results show that folding of chaotrope-denatured apoRd is iron-nucleated and driven by extraordinarily rapid formation of the Fe(SCys)(4) site from an essentially random coil apoprotein. This high-chaotrope, multispectroscopy approach could clarify folding pathways of other [M(SCys)(3)]- or [M(SCys)(4)]-containing proteins.
An Architecture for Self-Protecting Autonomic Systems (2003)

Autonomic computing is the concept of designing complex information technology environments with the ability to perform management tasks on their own without human support. These systems have been defined by their ability to self-configure, self-optimize, self-heal, and self-protect. Administrators would only be required to specify the high level requirements of the system, rather than the mundate configuration of individual componts, greatly reducing the human requirements for administration of large systems. Self-protection refers to the ability of an autonomic computing system to secure itself against intrusions, and react to protect itself when it detects that an intruder has successfully circumvented the security policy on the system. While many of the individual elements that would be required for such abilities exist, very little research has been performed on how one would combine these elements to create an autonomic security system to meet this criteria of self-protection. A structure for autonomic computing security systems is proposed by mapping responsibilities that such a system would have to fulfil onto a basic architecture for an autonomic computing system as described by IBM. This hierarchy is divided up into three layers. The highest layer deals with policy inputs from the administrators themselves, both as generic system-wide security policy, and as policies inherent in the requirements for each application to be run on the system. The middle layer translates these into applicable policies for collections of elements and coordinates the actions of individual autonomic elements at the bottom layer. In the bottom layer reside the autonomic elements that provide the services of the system, and are ultimately responsible for detecting and responding to intrusions. Many components of such a system currently exist, and have been researched for many years, such as policy specification, intrusion detection systems, and rational agents. Other components, such as intrusion response and management technologies, are more recent research topics, and not often explored in the context of autonomic computing. It is proposed that an environment be designed to allow for experimentation into autonomic security structures. This could be based on a future release of autonomic computing technology, on a new system created using existing distributed communication technologies, or a simulation for experimental purposes. Once such an environment is available, research can be done into autonomic computing security structures and components. One interesting area is that of intrusion response, and more specifically that of a security through diversity approach; where the autonomic computing environment can respond to threats by replacing components with differing implementations.
Heteroscedastic discriminant analysis and reduced rank HMMs for improved speech recognition (1998)

We present the theory for heteroscedastic discriminant analysis (HDA), a model-based generalization of linear discriminant analysis (LDA) derived in the maximum-likelihood framework to handle heteroscedastic-unequal variance-classifier models. We show how to estimate the heteroscedastic Gaussian model parameters jointly with the dimensionality reducing transform, using the EM algorithm. In doing so, we alleviate the need for an a priori ad hoc class assignment. We apply the theoretical results to the problem of speech recognition and observe word-error reduction in systems that employed both diagonal and full covariance heteroscedastic Gaussian models tested on the TI-DIGITS database.
Combining relations for information extraction from free text (2010)

Relations between entities of the same semantic type tend to be sparse in free texts. Therefore, combining relations is the key to effective information extraction (IE) on free text datasets with a small set of training samples. Previous approaches to bootstrapping for IE used different types of relations, such as dependency or co-occurrence, and faced the problems of paraphrasing and misalignment of instances. To cope with these problems, we propose a framework that integrates several types of relations. After extracting candidate entities, our framework evaluates relations between them at the phrasal, dependency, semantic frame, and discourse levels. For each of these levels, we build a classifier that outputs a score for relation instances. In order to integrate these scores, we propose three strategies: (1) integrate evaluation scores from each relation classifier; (2) incorporate the elimination of negatively labeled instances in a previous strategy; and (3) add cascading of extracted relations into strategy (2). Our framework improves the state-of-art results for supervised systems by 8%, 15%, 3%, and 5% on MUC4 (terrorism); MUC6 (management succession); ACE RDC 2003 (news, general types); and ACE RDC 2003 (news, specific types) domains respectively.
Odor Thresholds and Irritation Levels of Several Chemical Substances: A Review (1986)

A collation of odor threshold data for approximately 450 chemical substances is presented. The range of odor thresholds reported in the literature is shown along with any reported threshold of irritation to humans. These data can assist the industrial hygienist in determining when an "odor" may be in excess of the Threshold Limit Value, when an organic vapor respirator is not acceptable due to the lack of an odor warning at the end of a cartridge life, and where odors may not indicate a hazard due to extremely low odor thresholds which may be well below the respective TLVs.
Efficient Syntheses of Clofarabine and Gemcitabine From 2-Deoxyribonolactone (2010)

The development of a new methodology to achieve electrophilic fluorination of triisopropylsilyl-protected 2-deoxyribonolactone has been employed to synthesize clofarabine and gemcitabine with improved synthetic efficiency versus prior synthetic methods. These studies highlight the versatility of this new methodology to obtain medically relevant 2'-fluoronucleosides.
A Blockchain-based Approach for Assessing Compliance with SLA-guaranteed IoT Services (2020)

Within cloud-based internet of things (IoT) applications, typically cloud providers employ Service Level Agreements (SLAs) to ensure the quality of their provisioned services. Similar to any other contractual method, an SLA is not immune to breaches. Ideally, an SLA stipulates consequences (e.g. penalties) imposed on cloud providers when they fail to conform to SLA terms. The current practice assumes trust in service providers to acknowledge SLA breach incidents and executing associated consequences. Recently, the Blockchain paradigm has introduced compelling capabilities that may enable us to address SLA enforcement more elegantly. This paper proposes and implements a blockchain-based approach for assessing SLA compliance and enforcing consequences. It employs a diagnostic accuracy method for validating the dependability of the proposed solution. The paper also benchmarks Hyperledger Fabric to investigate its feasibility as an underlying blockchain infrastructure concerning latency and transaction success/fail rates.
Fractal analysis of the retinal vascular network in fundus images (2007)

Complexity of the retinal vascular network is quantified through the measurement of fractal dimension. A computerized approach enhances and segments the retinal vasculature in digital fundus images with an accuracy of 94% in comparison to the gold standard of manual tracing. Fractal analysis was performed on skeletonized versions of the network in 40 images from a study of stroke. Mean fractal dimension was found to be 1.398 (with standard deviation 0.024) from 20 images of the hypertensives sub-group and 1.408 (with standard deviation 0.025) from 18 images of the non-hypertensives subgroup. No evidence of a significant difference in the results was found for this sample size. However, statistical analysis showed that to detect a significant difference at the level seen in the data would require a larger sample size of 88 per group.
IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control - Cover (2012)

Acoustic Wave Interactions With Specular and Diffusive Scattering Surfaces: The cover shows simulated acoustic wave propagation from (a) a piston and (b)-(c) linear array transducer geometry when reflecting against (a)-(b) specular or (c) diffusive scattering surfaces. Sensitivity to off-axis reflections is highest with linear array geometry as a result of grating lobes. Off-axis reflections are strongest when the surface is specular rather than diffusive. For further reading, see the accompanying article on pages 1101-1114 of this issue.
Communicating with the Public About Hazardous Materials: An Examination of Local Practice (1990)

No Abstract.
Human-In-The-Loop (HITL) Simulation and Analysis of Optimized Profile Descent (OPD) Operations at Atlanta (2009)

The MITRE Corporation’s Center for Advanced Aviation System Development (CAASD), under the sponsorship of the Federal Aviation Administration’s Air Traffic Organization (ATO), conducted a Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) simulation of Optimized Profile Descent (OPD) operations on the proposed DIRTY Area Navigation (RNAV) Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR) procedure into Atlanta’s Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport (ATL). The simulation, conducted at the Atlanta Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON) facility, assessed the workability of several alternatives for utilizing OPD operations on the DIRTY STAR. As a result of the evaluation, CAASD identified issues which would limit the use of the DIRTY STAR specifically, as well as OPDs more generally. In addition, CAASD was able to identify mitigating strategies and resolutions for many of the issues identified.
A Novel Method to Calculate the Reservoir Pressure of Tight Sand Using the Hydraulic Fracturing Information in the Denver-Julesburg Basin (2007)

Abstract Based on the relationship between formation pressure and minimum horizontal stress, as well as the low leak-off rate and abnormal high reservoir pressure commonly observed in tight sand, the authors devised a new method to calculate the reservoir pressure in tight sand using the pre-frac test. Numerous methods have been published to calculate reservoir pressure using pre-frac test. However, all of them require extended pre-frac testing time, taking hours in conventional formation while days in tight sand. It is not practically viable to keep the frac crew waiting so long before a frac can be executed. In contrast, this new method uses the information collected from a 5-minute pre-frac test, which is standard routine for fracs in the Denver-Julesburg basin (DJ basin). Furthermore, this new method has been validated by the conventional well tests conducted by several service companies.
Motion Detection Based Multimedia Supported Intelligent Video Surveillance System (2006)

An integrated multimedia supported intelligent video surveillance system is proposed. The system is aimed to alleviate the disadvantages of the existing video-surveillance kits and provides advanced search, notification, visualization and alarming functionality through integration of artificial intelligence, motion detection and tracking technology, multimedia databases and Internet/cell phone connectivity. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed concept is proven through experimental results on a real-life video sequence
Cyclic RGD Peptides Containing β-Turn Mimetics (1996)

The αVβ3-receptor, one member of the integrin family, is implicated in angiogenesis and in human tumor metastasis. Spatial screening led to the highly active first-generation peptide c(RGDfV), which shows a βII‘/γ-turn arrangement with d-Phe in the i + 1 position of the βII‘-turn. Further reduction of the flexibility should be achieved by incorporating different rigid building blocks (turn mimetics) like the (S)- and (R)-Gly[ANC-2]Leu dipeptide, the β-turn dipeptide (BTD) and the (S,S)-spiro-Pro-Leu moiety. These distinct β-turn mimetics are introduced by replacing the d-Phe-Val dipeptide in the lead structure c(RGDfV). In peptide analogues c(RGD“S-ANC”) (PA1), c(RGD“R-ANC”) (PA2), and c(RGD“BTD”) (PA3) the turn mimetic does not adopt the desired position in the β-turn, instead Gly occupies the i + 1 position of the βII‘-turn. Only c(RGD“spiro”) PA4 led to the desired βII‘/γ-turn arrangement with the turn motif in the i + 1 and i + 2 position of the β-turn. These effects may arise from particular steric effects of the cyclic pentapeptide system in combination with steric requirements of the ANC and BTD moiety. Additional investigations on cyclic hexapeptide derivatives show that the BTD occupies the expected i + 1 and i + 2 position of a βII‘-turn in these systems. Structure−activity investigations showed that the incorporation of the rigid turn motifs could not reduce the flexibility of the RGD site (ANC and BTD) or fix a conformation which is unable to match the receptor very well (spiro). On the other hand, recent findings that the proton of the amide bond between Asp and the following amino acid is essential for high activity can be confirmed. Moreover, the synthesis of c(RGD“R-ANC”) PA2 led to one of the compounds most active in inhibiting vitronectin binding to the αVβ3-integrin.
Room-Temperature Zwitterionic Ionic Liquids (2016)

A novel series of zwitterionic ionic liquids based on (E) or (Z) isomer of an urocanic moiety containing a carboxylate group have been prepared. All synthesized compounds present melting points below 100°C. This value can be easily tuned by changing the length of alkyl chain grafted on the imidazolium moiety and the nature of isomer. Hence, melting temperature as low as -20°C was obtained for Z isomer with a N1, N3-methyloctyl imidazolium moiety.
A method for reduction of parallax broadening in gas-based position sensitive detectors (1997)

A description is given of the principle and experimental verification of a new method which significantly reduces broadening of the position response, due to parallax, for radiation incident on a detector at finite angles of incidence. The technique, which can be implemented in gas-based position-sensitive detectors with planar geometry, substantially improves position resolution for scattering experiments using X-rays and neutrons, and will permit larger angular coverage than has previously been possible. An improvement of nearly a factor four in rms position resolution is predicted, which is confirmed by measurements using a gas proportional X-ray detector with delay-line position encoding.