gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transmission of <i>Phytophthora ramorum</i> in Mixed-Evergreen Forest in California (2005)

During 2001 to 2003, the transmission biology of Phytophthora ramorum, the causal agent of sudden oak death, was studied in mixedevergreen forest, a common forest type in northern, coastal California. Investigation of the sources of spore production focused on coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia) and bay laurel (Umbellularia californica), dominant hosts that comprised 39.7 and 46.2% of the individuals at the study site, respectively. All tests for inoculum production from the surface of infected coast live oak bark or exudates from cankers were negative. In contrast, sporangia and chlamydospores were produced on the surface of infected bay laurel leaves. Mean number of zoospores produced from infected bay laurel leaves under natural field conditions during rainstorms was 1,173.0 ± SE 301.48, and ranged as high as 5,200 spores/leaf. P. ramorum was recovered from rainwater, soil, litter, and streamwater during the mid- to late rainy season in all 3 years of the study. P. ramorum was not recovered from sporadic summer rains or soil and litter during the hot, dry summer months. Concentrations of inoculum in rainwater varied significantly from year to year and increased as the rainy season progressed for the two complete seasons that were studied. Potential dispersal distances were investigated for rainwater, soil, and streamwater. In rainwater, inoculum moved 5 and 10 m from the inoculum source. For soil, transmission of inoculum was demonstrated from infested soil to bay laurel green leaf litter, and from bay laurel green leaf litter to aerial leaves of bay laurel seedlings. One-third to one-half of the hikers tested at the study site during the rainy season also were carrying infested soil on their shoes. In streamwater, P. ramorum was recovered from an unforested site in pasture ≈ 1 km downstream of forest with inoculum sources. In total, these studies provide details on the production and spread of P. ramorum inoculum in mixed-evergreen forest to aid forecasting and managing disease transmission of this environmentally destructive pathogen.
Hashimoto's thyroiditis with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC)‐like nuclear alterations express molecular markers of PTC (2004)

Focal PTC-like immunophenotypic changes in Hashimoto's thyroiditis suggest the possibility of early, focal premalignant transformation in some cases of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Improving temporal resolution in ambient noise monitoring of seismic wave speed (2011)

[1] The use of ambient seismic noise has been intensively investigated to perform passive tomography at various scales. Besides passive tomography, passive monitoring is another application of seismic noise correlation as was shown by the recent observation of postseismic velocity changes around the San Andreas Fault in Parkfield, California. One of the drawbacks of using ambient noise correlation for passive monitoring is the need to average the correlations over a long time period in order to obtain a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for the phase fluctuations to be measured accurately. For the application to passive monitoring, one wants the possibility of following short-term velocity variations (1 day or less) using noise correlation functions calculated on short time windows. Another difficulty may then appear when the spatial distribution of noise sources also evolves with time. The aim of this paper is to introduce an adaptive filter to the Parkfield data set in order to improve the SNR output of the ambient noise correlation functions. When applied to passive monitoring, the temporal resolution can be increased from 30 days up to 1 day. With this improved temporal resolution, the velocity drop observed at Parkfield is shown to be cosesimic with the 24 September 2004 Mw = 6.0 event. The relationship between the measured velocity fluctuations and the time evolution of the spatial distribution of the noise wavefield is also investigated. Finally, the error bar in the amplitudes of the velocity variations is compared with a theoretical expectation.
Optical waveguide transmission (1970)

As optical communication systems are being studied in more detail, the need for many different types of optical waveguides becomes apparent. The applications range from miniature optical circuit connections to long-distance high-capacity transmission links. The requirements with respect to cost, attenuation, dispersion, or flexibility are vastly different. As different as the specifications are the guides evolving for various purposes. We describe the state of the art and give a survey of those guides which show the greatest future potential.
A hierarchical divisive algorithm for topology discovery in multi-subnet networks (2017)

Current progress in network techniques and the complexity of network structures require network administrators to spend more time and attention on maintaining a network system under normal operations. With our continuously increasing dependence on networks, it is difficult to know how to effectively manage all of the equipment in a network and to be certain of whether the network is operating correctly. To make a comprehensive survey of current administrators' management modes, administrators must understand the rules for the network's equipment and the entire topological structure of the network; such an understanding will allow them to rapidly and efficiently address an increasingly complicated network environment. This paper presents a hierarchical divisive algorithm for topology discovery that can work on a network layer and a link layer, which are widely used by network administrators today. This approach involves an automatic exploration through a random network node and possesses the features of cross-layer and multiple protocols to support the exploration of a multi-subnet network, to enable a faster and more effective explorative ability of a topological resource. The implementation shows how to automatically discover the entire network's topology and all of the network's equipment link nodes from the integration of a network-managed system to prove that our proposal is effective.
A hierarchical workcell model for intelligent assembly and disassembly (2003)

An intelligent virtual assembly and disassembly (VIRAD) system that can be integrated into a CAD/CAM environment is developed for designers to evaluate products for assembly and disassembly efficiencies during the design process. The VIRAD system uses a hierarchical model of a generic assembly and disassembly (GENAD) workcell to generate merging trees for simulating assembly and disassembly processes. In a GENAD workcell, every object is either a part for making a product or a handler to facilitate the workcell operations. Each workcell operation is associated with a cost for product assembly and disassembly. The estimated cost is used for representing a product's manufacturability, providing important feedback for the designer. This paper presents details of the GENAD workcell model and its inner representation.
Highly sensitive optical microresonator sensors for photoacoustic imaging (2014)

We present novel concave Fabry Perot (FP) sensor arrays for photoacoustic imaging which were fabricated using a high-precision inkjet printing approach to produce the cavity and employed physical vapor deposition to form the dielectric mirrors. Our concave FP cavity design provides excellent beam confinement within the cavity enabling high finesse and thus high sensitivity to be achieved. Two such concave sensors are evaluated in terms of their sensitivity and acoustic bandwidth. A 66 μm thick concave sensor is shown to provide a noise equivalent pressure (NEP) of 85 Pa and an acoustic bandwidth of 16 MHz, and can potentially be used as a sensitive broadband sensor for superficial imaging. A 250 μm thick sensor with an NEP of 12 Pa and acoustic bandwidth of 4 MHz was also developed for deep tissue imaging applications.
Quantifying Inhomogeneity of Lithium Ion Battery Electrodes and Its Influence on Electrochemical Performance (2018)

This paper presents an approach to quantify microstructural inhomegeneity in lithium ion battery electrodes over multiple length scales and examines the impact of this microstructural inhomogeneity on electrochemical performance. Commerical graphite anodes are investigated because graphite remains the anode material of choice due to its low cost, mechanical robustness, and suitable electrochemical properties. At the same time, the graphite anode often plays a role in cell degradation and failure, as lithium plating can occur on the graphite anode during charge, when unfavorable microstructure in the graphite electrode leads to a large overpotential. Here, three-dimensional representations of four different commercial anodes obtained with X-ray tomographic microscopy are statistically analyzed to quantify the microstructural inhomogeneity that is commonly present in lithium ion battery electrodes. Electrochemical simulations on the digitalized microstructures are performed to isolate and understand the influence of different types of microstructural inhomogeneity on battery performance. By understanding how distributions in particle size and shape or slurry and electrode processing cause microstructural inhomogeneity and impact performance, it is possible to determine the extent to which homogeneity should be prioritized for specific applications and how homogeneity could be achieved through smart material selection and processing.
Positive/Negative Mid Uv Resists With High Thermal Stability (1987)

New mid UV resist systems based on poly(p-vinylbenzoates) sensitized with diphenyl-4-thiophenoxyphenylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate are described. t-Butyl, cyclohexenyl, a-methylbenzyl, and a-methylallyl esters are converted upon postbake to poly(p-vinylbenzoic acid) through thermolysis reaction catalyzed by the photochemically generated Bronsted acid, inducing a large change in the polarity of the repeating units. Thus, development in aqueous base such as MF312/water or alcohol provides a positive tone image of the mask, while the use of a nonpolar organic developer allows a negative tone imaging. Because the glass transition temperature of poly(p-vinylbenzoic acid) is ca. 250° C, the negative image is devoid of thermal flow to this temperature even without any hardening processes. Another interesting feature of the benzoate resists is their high opacity in the deep UV region. The optical density of a 1μ thick film of poly(p-vinylbenzoic acid) is 3.5 at 254 nm and the benzoate polymers are as absorbing as the acid polymer. This high deep UV absorption of the resin necessitates the imaging above 300 nm for good light penetration (or by e-beam or X-ray) and makes the use of this resist as an imaging layer in the PCM scheme very attractive. This imaging layer is especially useful when employed in conjunction with a planarizing layer absorbing above 240 nm (for example, PMGI) as addition of a dye is not required.
Stability of systems containing a heat source : the Rayleigh criterion (1956)

"The stability of systems containing a heat source is examined from the energy point of view. Rayleigh's criterion is derived. In the case of a flame, it is found that Rayleigh's criterion must be modified slightly if the specific-heat ratios of the burned and unburned gases are different" (p. 1).
Characterization of reactively sputtered c-axis aligned nanocrystalline InGaZnO4 (2014)

Crystallinity and texturing of RF sputtered c-axis aligned crystal InGaZnO4 (CAAC IGZO) thin films were quantified using X-ray diffraction techniques. Above 190 °C, nanocrystalline films with an X-ray peak at 2θ = 30° (009 planes) developed with increasing c-axis normal texturing up to 310 °C. Under optimal conditions (310 °C, 10% O2), films exhibited a c-axis texture full-width half-maximum of 20°. Cross-sectional high-resolution transmission electron microscopy confirmed these results, showing alignment variation of ±9° over a 15 × 15 nm field of view and indicating formation of much larger aligned domains than previously reported. At higher deposition temperatures, c-axis alignment was gradually lost as polycrystalline films developed.
Synthesis of threshold-logic networks using Karnaugh-mapping techniques (1972)

The potential future use of threshold-logic gates as an alternative to Boolean gates depends on the ability to synthetise given Boolean problems in an economical threshold-gate form. Mapping techniques for the engineering of threshold-logic networks are presented in the paper, based on the property that all linearly separable (threshold) functions are characterised by particular patterns when plotted on Karnaugh-map layouts. The canonic characteristic-vector, or Chow-parameter, tabulations are used to derive and catalogue the map patterns that are allowable. The advantage of this approach is that a visual buildup of the synthesis is maintained, thus enabling both completely and incompletely specified networks to be handled. Threshold gates of specific capabilities, as well as universal gates, may be incorporated in the procedures.
Resource and service discovery in SOAs: A P2P oriented semantic approach (2011)

Resource and service discovery in SOAs: A P2P oriented semantic approach An intense standardization process is favouring the convergence of grids and Service Oriented Architectures (SOAs). One of the benefits of such technological convergence is that grid resources and applications can be virtualized by services and offered through the SOA paradigm. In the broad and interoperable scenarios enabled by the SOA, involving the participation of several grid infrastructures across many administrative domains, service discovery can be a serious issue. In this paper we present a P2P-based infrastructure that leverages semantic technologies to support a scalable and accurate service discovery process. The key concept of the presented idea is the creation of an overlay network organized in several semantic groups of peers, each specialized in answering queries pertaining to specific applicative domains. Groups are formed by clustering together peers offering services that are semantically related. The architecture details of the proposed solution are presented. A system prototype has also been implemented and validated through a case study deployed on the PlanetLab testbed.
1296: Preoperative Three-Dimensional Tumor Volume Predicts Outcome in Patients with Renal Cortical Tumors (2007)

You have accessJournal of UrologyModerated Poster 39, Tuesday, May 22, 2007, 10:00 am - 12:00 pm1 Apr 20071296: Preoperative Three-Dimensional Tumor Volume Predicts Outcome in Patients with Renal Cortical Tumors Michael J. Cutalo, Phillip M. Pierorazio, Mark Katz, Jaime Landman, Mitchell C. Benson, Carl A. Olsson, and James M. McKiernan Michael J. CutaloMichael J. Cutalo More articles by this author , Phillip M. PierorazioPhillip M. Pierorazio More articles by this author , Mark KatzMark Katz More articles by this author , Jaime LandmanJaime Landman More articles by this author , Mitchell C. BensonMitchell C. Benson More articles by this author , Carl A. OlssonCarl A. Olsson More articles by this author , and James M. McKiernanJames M. McKiernan More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)31510-6AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "1296: Preoperative Three-Dimensional Tumor Volume Predicts Outcome in Patients with Renal Cortical Tumors." The Journal of Urology, 177(4S), pp. 426–427 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 177Issue 4SApril 2007Page: 426-427 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Michael J. Cutalo More articles by this author Phillip M. Pierorazio More articles by this author Mark Katz More articles by this author Jaime Landman More articles by this author Mitchell C. Benson More articles by this author Carl A. Olsson More articles by this author James M. McKiernan More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
A Multi-Resolution Mode CMOS Image Sensor with a Novel Two-Step Single-Slope ADC for Intelligent Surveillance Systems (2017)

In this paper, we present a multi-resolution mode CMOS image sensor (CIS) for intelligent surveillance system (ISS) applications. A low column fixed-pattern noise (CFPN) comparator is proposed in 8-bit two-step single-slope analog-to-digital converter (TSSS ADC) for the CIS that supports normal, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32, and 1/64 mode of pixel resolution. We show that the scaled-resolution images enable CIS to reduce total power consumption while images hold steady without events. A prototype sensor of 176 × 144 pixels has been fabricated with a 0.18 μm 1-poly 4-metal CMOS process. The area of 4-shared 4T-active pixel sensor (APS) is 4.4 μm × 4.4 μm and the total chip size is 2.35 mm × 2.35 mm. The maximum power consumption is 10 mW (with full resolution) with supply voltages of 3.3 V (analog) and 1.8 V (digital) and 14 frame/s of frame rates.
The Amino Acid-fermenting Clostridia (1971)

Summary: Representative strains of 30 named species of clostridia were tested for their ability to grow in a semidefined medium containing either 1 % (w/v) glucose or 3 % (w/v) acid-hydrolysed casein as an energy source. Strains from 15 species were selected empirically as amino acid-fermenting types by comparing growth in the two media. After growth in 3 % casein hydrolysate medium the organisms were removed and their amino acid utilization determined by examining the culture supernatants. The organisms were then divided into four main groups. The characteristic features of each group are as follows: group I, the utilization of proline with the production of δ-amino valeric acid; group II, mainly arginine and/or glycine utilized; group III, the utilization of glutamic acid, serine and histidine; group IV, serine and threonine utilized. Possible implications of these findings for the taxonomy of clostridia are discussed.
An Lidar data compression method based on improved LZW and Huffman algorithm (2010)

Lidar raw echo data has characteristics such as huge data quantity, strong discreteness and unpredictability. According to the construction of Lidar monitoring network of atmospheric environment, the existing network can not provide enough bandwidth to transmit Lidar data in real time. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid lossless compression algorithm to reduce the transmission amount, namely the probability statistics lossless compression algorithm base on the improved LZW(Lempel-Ziv-Welch), which combines Huffman coding. With experiment on the raw two-value atmospheric data, we verify the effectiveness of our approach that the compression ratio is close to 9.5:1 and the coding efficiency is up to 98%.
Fluorination with xenon difluoride. 27. The effect of catalyst on fluorination of 1,3-diketones and enol acetates (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorination with xenon difluoride. 27. The effect of catalyst on fluorination of 1,3-diketones and enol acetatesBarbara Zajc and Marko ZupanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 3, 573–575Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00342a043https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00342a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views390Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Terpenes. IV. The Dielectric Constant, Refractive Index and Density of Some Terpenes<sup>1</sup> (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhysical and Thermodynamic Properties of Terpenes. IV. The Dielectric Constant, Refractive Index and Density of Some Terpenes1Gerald A. Thomas and J. Erskine HawkinsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 19, 4856–4858Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01648a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01648a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views486Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Angiotensin II, Aldosterone, and Anti-Inflammatory Lymphocytes: Interplay and Therapeutic Opportunities (2012)

Inflammation is recognized as an important factor in the pathophysiology of hypertension, with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) playing a key role in the disease. Initially described because of its contribution to extracellular fluid and electrolyte homeostasis, the RAAS has been implicated in endothelial dysfunction, vascular remodeling, oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokine production, and adhesion molecule synthesis by the vascular wall. Both angiotensin II and aldosterone are involved in these systemic effects, activating innate and adaptive immune responses. This paper highlights some aspects connecting RAAS to the hypertensive phenotype, based on experimental and clinical studies, with emphasis on new findings regarding the contribution of an increasingly studied population of T lymphocytes: the T-regulatory lymphocytes. These cells can suppress inflammation and may exert beneficial vascular effects in animal models of hypertension.