gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical coding of line—Drawing data described by the chain—Code sequence (1987)

Abstract A hierarchical encoding scheme has been proposed to realize efficient coding of line‐drawing data described by the chain‐code sequence. For links, each of which is an ordered pair of succeeding grid points in the sequence, the encoding scheme builds up a pyramid‐like code structure by uniting links by twos, and it has the following advantages: 1) line drawing can be decoded in various scales (power of 2s); 2) high coding efficiency is obtained for each layer; and 3) degradation in display quality due to a blot‐like effect in small‐scale layers is relaxed. Concerning the coding efficiency in item 2), an experiment using coastline data obtained from a topographical map gave the coding rate for each layer of about 1. 1 bits/link. This shows that the proposed scheme is more efficient than data filing by independent encoding of each scale data.
Immunological challenges and approaches to immunomodulation in Pompe disease: a literature review (2019)

Pompe disease is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of acid alpha-glucosidase resulting in intralysosomal glycogen accumulation in multiple tissue types, especially cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with alglucosidase alfa has led to improved clinical outcomes and prolonged survival in patients with Pompe disease. While ERT has changed the natural course of Pompe disease, with many long-term survivors, several factors affect the response to ERT. Previous studies in Pompe disease have shown that IgG antibodies to ERT can lead to a decline in muscle strength, pulmonary function, and overall and ventilator-free survival. Additionally, antibody responses to ERT can also cause hypersensitivity reactions. Various strategies to prevent or eliminate the IgG antibody response have been attempted in patients with Pompe disease. A detailed literature search was performed to compile data regarding the consequences of IgG antibodies, clinical approaches to prevent or eliminate IgG antibodies in patients with Pompe disease, and to expand our understanding of new modalities being developed in non-clinical settings. All qualifying articles describing the impact of IgG antibodies on the response to ERT, immunomodulation in patients with Pompe disease, and non-clinical settings identified via a PubMed database search were included in the review. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of combination- and single-agent therapies that have been investigated in the context of immune tolerance induction to ERT in Pompe disease to date. Immunomodulation strategies that successfully induce immune tolerance to ERT have improved overall survival, especially reflected in the decreased number of ventilator-dependent or deceased cross-reactive immunologic material (CRIM)-negative infantile Pompe disease (IPD) patients due to development of IgG antibodies when treated with ERT alone. Immunomodulation in CRIM-positive patients at the time they receive ERT also results in a decrease in the development of IgG antibodies compared to cases treated with ERT alone. Lessons learned from current approaches, alongside results from trials of novel immunomodulation strategies, may provide important insights into the development of next-generation therapies.
A Janus Mucoadhesive and Omniphobic Device for Gastrointestinal Retention (2016)

A novel Janus device with omniphobic and mucoadhesive sides that exhibit the unique capacity for antifouling and extended gastrointestinal retention is fabricated. This system enables repulsion of the food and fluid stream by the luminal-facing omniphobic side and allows attachment to the gastrointestinal mucosa by the mucoadhesive side.
Blue Light Emitting Nanosized TiO<sub>2</sub> Colloids (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTBlue Light Emitting Nanosized TiO2 ColloidsYanjing Liu and Richard. O. ClausView Author Information Fiber & Electro-Optics Research Center Bradley Department of Electrical Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0356 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 22, 5273–5274Publication Date (Web):June 4, 1997Publication History Received24 February 1997Published online4 June 1997Published inissue 1 June 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja970587qhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja970587qrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1663Altmetric-Citations148LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Colloids,Luminescence,Optical absorption,Oxides,Photoluminescence Get e-Alerts
Cytoplasmic localization of alteration/deficiency in activation 3 (ADA3) predicts poor clinical outcome in breast cancer patients (2013)

Transcriptional activation by estrogen receptor (ER) is a key step to breast oncogenesis. Given previous findings that ADA3 is a critical component of HAT complexes that regulate ER function and evidence that overexpression of other ER coactivators such as SRC-3 is associated with clinical outcomes in breast cancer, the current study was designed to assess the potential significance of ADA3 expression/localization in human breast cancer patients. In this study, we analyzed ADA3 expression in breast cancer tissue specimens and assessed the correlation of ADA3 staining with cancer progression and patient outcome. Tissue microarrays prepared from large series of breast cancer patients with long-term follow-ups were stained with anti-ADA3 monoclonal antibody using immunohistochemistry. Samples were analyzed for ADA3 expression followed by correlation with various clinicopathological parameters and patients' outcomes. We report that breast cancer specimens show predominant nuclear, cytoplasmic, or mixed nuclear + cytoplasmic ADA3 staining patterns. Predominant nuclear ADA3 staining correlated with ER+ status. While predominant cytoplasmic ADA3 staining negatively correlated with ER+ status, but positively correlated with ErbB2, EGFR, and Ki67. Furthermore, a positive correlation of cytoplasmic ADA3 was observed with higher histological grade, mitotic counts, Nottingham Prognostic Index, and positive vascular invasion. Patients with nuclear ADA3 and ER positivity have better breast cancer specific survival and distant metastasis free survival. Significantly, cytoplasmic expression of ADA3 showed a strong positive association with reduced BCSS and DMFS in ErbB2+/EGFR+ patients. Although in multivariate analyses ADA3 expression was not an independent marker of survival, predominant nuclear ADA3 staining in breast cancer tissues correlates with ER+ expression and together serves as a marker of good prognosis, whereas predominant cytoplasmic ADA3 expression correlates with ErbB2+/EGFR+ expression and together is a marker of poor prognosis. Thus, ADA3 cytoplasmic localization together with ErbB2+/EGFR+ status may serve as better prognostic marker than individual proteins to predict survival of patients.
Stem cell mobilization with G-CSF induces type 17 differentiation and promotes scleroderma (2010)

The recent shift to the use of stem cells mobilized by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for hematopoietic transplantation has increased chronic graftversus-host disease (GVHD), although the mechanisms of this are unclear. We have found that G-CSF invokes potent type 17 rather than type 1 or type 2 differentiation. The amplification of interleukin-17 (IL-17) production by G-CSF occurs in both CD4 and CD8 conventional T cells and is dependent on, and downstream of, G-CSF-induced IL-21 signaling. Importantly, donor IL-17A controls the infiltration of macrophages into skin and cutaneous fibrosis, manifesting late after transplantation as scleroderma. Interestingly, donor CD8 T cells were the predominant source of IL-17A after transplantation and could mediate scleroderma independently of CD4 T cells. This study provides a logical explanation for the propensity of allogeneic stem cell transplantation to invoke sclerodermatous GVHD and suggests a therapeutic strategy for intervention.
Interfaces of Photonic Crystals for High Efficiency Light Transmission (2001)

Input and output interfaces of photonic crystals are discussed for high efficiency transmission of light. The discussion focuses on the frequency range higher than the photonic bandgap, at which a small group velocity of light, the superprism effect, the strong structural birefringence and the negative refractive index effect are expected. The two-dimensional photonic crystal of triangular lattice airholes in a high-refractive-index dielectric medium is assumed as the fundamental model. The finite difference time domain simulation shows that two types of interfaces improve the transmission efficiency. One is composed of small airholes and the other is composed of projected airholes. In particular, the latter generates a wide transmission band of ∼ 0.1 times the center frequency with the maximum efficiency of -0.01 dB against the normal or slightly inclined incidence of the TE-polarized wave.
Role of PPARγ in renoprotection in Type 2 diabetes: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential (2008)

DN (diabetic nephropathy) is a chronic disease characterized by proteinuria, glomerular hypertrophy, decreased glomerular filtration and renal fibrosis with loss of renal function. DN is the leading cause of ESRD (end-stage renal disease), accounting for millions of deaths worldwide. TZDs (thiazolidinediones) are synthetic ligands of PPARγ (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ), which is involved in many important physiological processes, including adipose differentiation, lipid and glucose metabolism, energy homoeostasis, cell proliferation, inflammation, reproduction and renoprotection. A large body of research over the past decade has revealed that, in addition to their insulin-sensitizing effects, TZDs play an important role in delaying and preventing the progression of chronic kidney disease in Type 2 diabetes. Although PPARγ activation by TZDs is in general considered beneficial for the amelioration of diabetic renal complications in Type 2 diabetes, the underlying mechanism(s) remains only partially characterized. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent findings regarding the renoprotective effects of PPARγ in Type 2 diabetes and the potential underlying mechanisms.
A protocol for the efficient synthesis of enantiopure .beta.-substituted .beta.-lactones (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA protocol for the efficient synthesis of enantiopure .beta.-substituted .beta.-lactonesGiuseppe Capozzi, Stefano Roelens, and Stefano TalamiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 27, 7932–7936Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00079a049https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00079a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views719Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Voice activity detection using audio-visual information (2009)

An audio-visual voice activity detector that uses sensors positioned distantly from the speaker is presented. Its constituting unimodal detectors are based on the modeling of the temporal variation of audio and visual features using hidden Markov models; their outcomes are fused using a post-decision scheme. The Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients and the vertical mouth opening are the chosen audio and visual features respectively, both augmented with their first-order derivatives. The proposed system is assessed using far-field recordings from four different speakers and under various levels of additive white Gaussian noise, to obtain a performance superior than that which each unimodal component alone can achieve.
Gymnema sylvestre stimulates insulin release in vitro by increased membrane permeability (1999)

To determine whether extracts of Gymnema sylvestre may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), we examined the effects of an alcoholic extract of G. sylvestre (GS4) on insulin secretion from rat islets of Langerhans and several pancreatic beta-cell lines. GS4 stimulated insulin release from HIT-T15, MIN6 and RINm5F beta-cells and from islets in the absence of any other stimulus, and GS4-stimulated insulin secretion was inhibited in the presence of 1 mM EGTA. Blockade of voltage-operated Ca(2+) channels with 10 microM isradipine did not significantly affect GS4-induced secretion, and insulin release in response to GS4 was independent of incubation temperature. Examination of islet and beta-cell integrity after exposure to GS4, by trypan blue exclusion, indicated that concentrations of GS4 that stimulated insulin secretion also caused increased uptake of dye. Two gymnemic acid-enriched fractions of GS4, obtained by size exclusion and silica gel chromatography, also caused increases in insulin secretion concomitant with increased trypan blue uptake. These results confirm the stimulatory effects of G. sylvestre on insulin release, but indicate that GS4 acts by increasing cell permeability, rather than by stimulating exocytosis by regulated pathways. Thus the suitability of GS4 as a potential novel treatment for NIDDM can not be assessed by direct measurements of beta-cell function in vitro.
The potential of transgenic animals for improved agricultural productivity (1990)

The techniques involved in the transfer of foreign DNA to domestic animals have advanced to the stage where transgenic animals that express foreign genes can be reliably produced, albeit still at low efficiency. This paper reviews the current status of some of the more important areas in agriculture where this technology is being applied. Numerous attempts have been made to modify the growth performance characteristics of domestic animals by the introduction of metallothionein/growth hormone fusion genes. A summary of our work with transgenic sheep is presented. The results demonstrate that the unregulated production of growth hormone in transgenic sheep reduces carcass fat, elevates metabolic rate and heat production, causes skeletal abnormalities and impairs survival. The introduction of new metabolic pathways to domestic animals offers an attractive approach to improved animal productivity. This paper summarises recent results of research directed towards the introduction of a cysteine biosynthetic pathway and the glyoxylate cycle to transgenic sheep. So far, the genes encoding the enzymes have been isolated and expressed both in cells in culture and in transgenic mice. The results of work currently in progress demonstrate that some modification of the fusion genes is required to enhance their expression in transgenic animals.
Multiresolution gradient-based edge detection in noisy images using wavelet domain filters (2000)

We detected edges in noisy images using multiresolution analysis with the wavelet transform. products of wavelet coefficients at several scales were used to identify and locate edges. We found that it was important to consider the changes in edge position at different scales to detect edges in noisy imagery. We analyzed one-dimensional edges and compared the results of our approach with the first derivative of the signal. In addition, we compared the results of noisy images with another wavelet-based edge detection method. Our results led to improved edge detection in noisy images.
Evaluation of Potassium-enriched Clinoptilolite as a Potassium Source for Potting Media1 (1980)

Abstract A sample of clinoptilolite with an exchangeable K, Na, Ca and Mg content of 160.0, 33.5, 18.7, and 0.4 meq/100 g was evaluated as a slow-release К fertilizer by leaching and growth studies of Chrysanthemum morifolium, Ramat. Potassium release from an amended potting medium indicated that clinoptilolite did not behave like a soluble K source but was very similar to slow-release fertilizers. A single application of 50 g clinoptilolite per 1.5 liters of potting medium produced 3-month chrysanthemum yields equal to those obtained with a daily irrigation with 234 ppm K.
Formation of Molecular Gradients on Bipolar Electrodes (2008)

Intelligent surfaces: Electrochemical reactions can be induced on a conducting surface placed in an electric field. In this way, a bipolar electrode is formed, and this effect can be used to create molecular gradients (see picture). The major advantage of the technique is that the electrode can be of virtually any thickness, shape, and material—as long as it is conductive.
Renal Tubular Protein Degradation of Radiolabelled Aprotinin (Trasylol) in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure (1993)

1. The new method developed to measure renal tubular degradation of small filtered proteins in patients with normal renal function, using radiolabelled aprotinin (Trasylol) (R. Rustom, J. S. Grime, P. Maltby, H. R. Stockdale, M. Critchley, J. M. Bone. Clin Sci 1992; 83, 289-94), was evaluated in patients with chronic renal failure. 2. Aprotinin was labelled with either 99mTc (40 MBq) or 131I (0.1 MBq), and injected intravenously in nine patients, with different renal pathologies. 51Cr-EDTA clearance (corrected for height and weight) was 40 +/- 5.4 (range 11.2-81) ml min-1 1.73 m-2. Activity in plasma and urine was measured over 24-48 h, and chromatography on Sephadex-G-25-M was used to separate labelled aprotinin from free 99mTcO4- or 131I-. Renal uptake was measured for 99mTc-labelled aprotinin only. 3. The volume of distribution was 20.2 +/- 2.3 litres. Chromatography showed all plasma activity as undegraded aprotinin, and urine activity only as the free labels (99mTcO4- or 131I-). 4. As in patients with normal renal function, activity in the kidney appeared promptly, with 5.7 +/- 2.5% of the dose detected even at 5 min. Activity rose rapidly to 9.4 +/- 1.6% of dose after 1.5 h, then more slowly to 15.0 +/- 0.5% of dose at 4.5 h, and even more slowly thereafter, reaching 24.1 +/- 2.8% of dose at 24 h. Extra-renal uptake was again insignificant, and both 99mTcO4- and 131I- appeared promptly in the urine, with similar and uniform rates of excretion over 24 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Molecular adjuvant effects of a conformationally biased agonist of human C5a anaphylatoxin (1997)

A conformationally biased decapeptide agonist of human C5a anaphylatoxin (YSFKPMPLaR) was used as a molecular adjuvant in stimulating Ab responses against peptide epitopes derived from human MUC1 glycoprotein and the human mu and kappa opioid receptors. C57BL6 mice were immunized with the MUC1 epitope (YKQGGFLGL); the C5a agonist (YSFKPMPLaR); YSFKPMPLaR and YKQGGFLGL together, but unconjugated; a C5a-active, MUC1 epitope construct (YKQGGFLGLYSFKPMPLaR); and a C5a-inactive, reversed moiety construct (YSFKPMPLaRYKQGGFLGL). High Ab titers specific for the MUC1 epitope were observed only in mice immunized with the C5a-active epitope construct. Similar results were obtained in BALB/c mice immunized with the C5a-active, MUC1 epitope construct. Abs from the sera of the C57BL6 mice were predominately of the IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgM isotypes and were reactive against human recombinant MUC1 and MUC1 expressed by the Panc-1 M1F.15 pancreatic cell line. When compared with the corresponding KLH-epitope conjugates in C57BL6 mice, the epitope-C5a agonist constructs produced titers of specific IgG Abs of isotypes distinct from those generated by the keyhole limpet hemocyanin-epitope conjugates. Rabbits immunized with a mu opioid receptor epitope-C5a agonist construct (GDLSDPCGNRTNLGGRDSLYSFKPMPLaR) or a kappa opioid receptor epitope-C5a agonist construct (FPGWAEPDSNGSEDAQLYSFKPMPLaR) generated high titer, epitope-specific Ab responses. Ab titers generated in response to the opioid epitope-C5a agonist constructs were comparable to those generated by the opioid KLH-epitope conjugates. The results of this study are discussed in terms of possible mechanisms by which the conformationally biased C5a agonist serves as a molecular adjuvant.
Sequence of the promoter -operator proximal region of the major leftward RNA of bacteriophage lambda (1975)

The sequence of the first 149 nucleotides of the major leftward RNA of bacteriophage lambda has been determined. Preliminary sequence information was also obtained for a portion of the untranscribed area immediately upstream of the point on the template when RNA synthesis normally starts. Several restriction endonuclease sites, deletion endpoints, and single base changes have been localized within the sequence. The first potential translation initiation codon which is not followed by an in-phase termination codon is a GUG located 90 nucleotides from the transcription startpoint.
Differentiation between malignant and normal human thyroid tissue using frequency analysis of multispectral Photoacoustic images (2013)

This study investigates the feasibility of using frequency analysis of multispectral PA (Photoacoustics) signals generated by excised human thyroid tissue to differentiate between malignant and normal thyroid regions. Multispectral PA imaging was performed on freshly excised thyroid tissue from 6 patients undergoing thyroidectomy or thyroid lobectomy. The regions of interests in the PA images corresponding to malignant and normal tissue have been selected with the help of histopathology slides. The calibrated power spectrum of each PA signal from each region of interest was fit to a linear model for extracting the values of slope, midband fit and intercept parameters. The results show that mean values of intercept and midband fit parameters are significantly different between malignant and normal regions for all five wavelengths and mean values of slope are significantly different for two wavelengths.