gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TensorFlow Lite Micro: Embedded Machine Learning on TinyML Systems (2020)

Deep learning inference on embedded devices is a burgeoning field with myriad applications because tiny embedded devices are omnipresent. But we must overcome major challenges before we can benefit from this opportunity. Embedded processors are severely resource constrained. Their nearest mobile counterparts exhibit at least a 100 -- 1,000x difference in compute capability, memory availability, and power consumption. As a result, the machine-learning (ML) models and associated ML inference framework must not only execute efficiently but also operate in a few kilobytes of memory. Also, the embedded devices' ecosystem is heavily fragmented. To maximize efficiency, system vendors often omit many features that commonly appear in mainstream systems, including dynamic memory allocation and virtual memory, that allow for cross-platform interoperability. The hardware comes in many flavors (e.g., instruction-set architecture and FPU support, or lack thereof). We introduce TensorFlow Lite Micro (TF Micro), an open-source ML inference framework for running deep-learning models on embedded systems. TF Micro tackles the efficiency requirements imposed by embedded-system resource constraints and the fragmentation challenges that make cross-platform interoperability nearly impossible. The framework adopts a unique interpreter-based approach that provides flexibility while overcoming these challenges. This paper explains the design decisions behind TF Micro and describes its implementation details. Also, we present an evaluation to demonstrate its low resource requirement and minimal run-time performance overhead.
Forgive Us Our Trespasses (2006)

If we peer through history textbooks or other mainstream history sources, we find that truth is often filtered through a gamut of interpretations and subjective emphasis. Such texts look past the truth in favor of abstract statements that hardly convey the impact of historical events. As a result, we lose both our personal and national identities, along with the context in which they are formed. Michael Hickman is a sophomore English and Religion major. He enjoys the literary realm and taking advantage of any music making opportunities that come his way; he encourages everyone to find an artistic outlet. One of his favorite quotes is "Property is theft."
Optimization of interferential stimulation of the human brain with electrode arrays (2019)

Abstract Objective Interferential stimulation (IFS) has generated considerable interest recently because of its potential to achieve focal electric fields in deep brain areas with transcranial currents. Conventionally, IFS applies sinusoidal currents through two electrode pairs with close-by frequencies. Here we propose to use an array of electrodes instead of just two electrode pairs; and to use algorithmic optimization to identify the currents required at each electrode to target a desired location in the brain. Approach We formulate rigorous optimization criteria for IFS to achieve either maximal modulation-depth or maximally focal stimulation. We find the solution for optimal modulation-depth analytically and maximize for focal stimulation numerically. Main results Maximal modulation is achieved when IFS equals conventional high-definition multi-electrode transcranial electrical stimulation (HD-TES) with a modulated current source. This optimal solution can be found directly from a current-flow model, i.e. the “lead field” without the need for algorithmic optimization. Once currents are optimized numerically to achieve optimal focal stimulation, we find that IFS can indeed be more focal than conventional HD-TES, both at the cortical surface and deep in the brain. Generally, however, stimulation intensity of IFS is weak and the locus of highest intensity does not match the locus of highest modulation. Significance This proof-of-principle study shows the potential of IFS over HD-TES for focal non-invasive deep brain stimulation. Future work will be needed to improve on intensity of stimulation and convergence of the optimization procedure.
Lung Cancer Metastasis (2011)

Lung cancer ranks among the most common and most lethal malignancies worldwide. In 2006, approximately 174,470 of an estimated 1,399,790 (12%) new cancer cases, and 162,460 of an estimated 564,830 (28%) total cancer deaths, in the United States were attributable to lung cancer. Similarly, in the 38 countries in Europe, lung cancer accounted for 12 percent of approximately 3.2 million new cancer cases and 19.7 percent of cancer-related deaths. Lung cancer is classified into two major groups: non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which accounts for 75 percent of all cases, and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), which accounts for approximately 25 percent. NSCLC is further divided into three histologic subtypes: adenocarcinoma (30%–40%), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC; 20%–25%), and large cell carcinoma (15%–20%). Approximately half of patients with NSCLC already have metastatic (stage IV) disease at the time of diagnosis, and survival times are short regardless of the type of chemotherapy administered.
SLAM for mobile robots using laser range finder and monocular vision (2007)

Localization and map building are two essential tasks for an autonomous mobile robot’s indoor navigation without a prior map. This paper describes a mobile robot system designed for simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) for an autonomous mobile robot in an indoor environment. Due to variant sensor modeling for laser range finder and CCD camera, weighted least square fitting and Canny operator are used to extract certain two-dimensional environmental features and vertical edges respectively. Using Kalman filtering (KF) to localization and grid map building simultaneously are also presented. When implemented on a Zixing mobile robot produced by Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), the localization technique correctly localized the robot while exploring and mapping.
Investigation of different silica precursors: Design of biocompatible silica gels with long term bio-activity of entrapped thylakoids toward artificial leaf (2009)

Active thylakoids were encapsulated into a three-dimensional silica network to design a photosynthetic bioreactor suitable for harvesting light and splitting water to oxygen. Since these photosynthetic structures are very sensitive to ionic strength and osmotic pressure as well as traces of alcohols, a biocompatible synthesis pathway has been designed to allow the formation of a robust hybrid silica gel without releasing any by-product during its construction. In these conditions, the photochemical activity of thylakoids can be preserved for more than 40 days. This method has successfully been applied to encapsulate more voluminous organelles such as chloroplasts. The present work can be considered as a step forward and comprehensive advance in the field of encapsulation of biological materials from plant systems.
Reversal of the transformed phenotype and inhibition of peptidylglycine α‐monooxygenase in <i>Ras</i>‐transformed cells by 4‐phenyl‐3‐butenoic acid (2004)

Recent studies have shown that the proliferation of some tumor cells is dependent on autocrine growth loops that require amidated autocrine growth factors. Peptidylglycine alpha-monooxygenase (PAM) is required for amidation of these growth factors and, therefore, this enzyme is an attractive target for anti-tumor compounds. 4-Phenyl-3-butenoic acid (PBA) is an irreversible turnover-dependent inhibitor of PAM in vitro and has been shown to decrease lung cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting the synthesis of amidated growth factors. We show here that PBA (0.1 mg/mL) inhibits the growth of Ras-transformed epithelial cells (WB-Ras) but has little effect on the proliferation of normal epithelial cells (WB-Neo). The methyl ester derivative of PBA (PBA-Me) at 10-fold lower concentration also exhibits a selective inhibition of Ras-transformed cell growth compared to normal epithelial cell growth. In addition, PBA produces a significant upregulation of gap junctional communication between WB-Ras cells following 2-5 day treatments, with a corresponding increase in the degree of connexin 43 phosphorylation and an increase in the number of connexin 43-containing plasma membrane gap junction plaques. Western blot analyses indicate no effect of PBA on the proportion of p21 Ras in the membrane versus cytosolic fractions or on p44/42 MAP kinase phosphorylation. Furthermore, the cell morphology of PBA-treated WB-Ras cells is altered, so as to more closely resemble that of non-transformed WB-Neo cells. PAM activity was assayed in both WB-Ras and WB-Neo cells, and we demonstrate that PBA at long treatment times (4 days) inhibits PAM activity in both cell types at concentrations that produce selective growth inhibition of WB-Ras cells. Shorter PBA treatment times (24 h), however, inhibit PAM activity in WB-Ras but not WB-Neo cells, an effect that was mimicked by PBA-Me. Taken together, these results clearly demonstrate that PBA returns Ras-transformed cells to a more normal phenotype, a finding consistent with the known increased dominance of the Ras signaling pathway in transformed epithelial cells.
Analysis of Vortex-Induced Motions and Drag for Moored Bluff Bodies (1991)

ABSTRACT A method of analyzing the vortex induced motions of a moored bluff body is described. A general current profile is assumed. The technique is based on computing modal excitation and damping utilizing "strip" theory for application of empirical amplitude dependent lift and drag forces. The linear second order modal response equations are solved iteratively. The "strip" theory model applies excitation or damping forces dependent upon the local sectional properties and the corresponding reduced velocities. An example using a single degree of freedom model for a deep water tensioned buoyant tower (TBT) is included. Recommendations are made for expansion of a model to include the effect of vortex suppression devices, different shapes and spanwise correlation of excitation forces. Further collection of empirical sectional data is suggested. GENERAL As oil and gas field development moves into progressively deeper waters, interest in large floating structures to accomplish such development has grown significantly. In areas where periods of sustained, high velocity currents may be expected, such as the Gulf of Mexico where the loop current and its eddies hold sway, there is concern over predicting the behavior of, and drag forces on, large floating structures subjected to the type of "strumming" experienced by cables and risers subjected to strong currents which has been covered extensively in the literature. Two structures for which this "strumming" or periodic oscillation associated with vortex shedding is of particular interest are the Spar, Figure 1, and the Tension Buoyant Tower (TBT) Figure 2, which are described in other papers at this conference. Both are large diameter (85 feet - 140 feet) deep draft (400 feet 700 feet) cylindrical floating structures capable of supporting drilling and production equipment to handle several wells and 40,000 - 50,000 barrels/day of oil production. The Spar is free floating, moored by a multipoint catenary mooring consisting of driven piles and wire rope anchor lines. In contrast, the TBT comprises a buoyancy module tethered to the seafloor by a number of steel pipe tendons bundled together as a central stem which locks into a base which is in turn fixed to the seafloor by driven piles. Other structures for which the strumming phenomenon is of interest are the semisubmersible and the tension leg platform. RESPONSE MODEL The Spar, TBT and similar structures may be expected to "lock-in" when the Strouhal frequencyfs= So*V/D(1) wherefs= frequency of vortex shedding from a stationary cylinderSo= Strouhal number (0.18 - 0.3 depending on Reynold's number)V= VelocityD= Diameter approaches the natural frequency of the rigid body motion of the structure. The relationship between Strouhal frequency (i.e. the frequency of vortices shed from a stationary cylinder) and the structural natural frequency, fn, is usually represented by the "Reduced Velocity",UR= V/fnD = fs/Sofn (2) wherefn= natural period of structure
Image Mosaicing for UAV Application (2008)

In times of disaster acquiring aerial images is challenging. The unmanned aircraft vehicle (UAV) is a low cost vehicle which can be carried close to the disaster site and flown to capture aerial images without any delay. This paper presents some techniques for UAV image mosaicing from a series of overlapped snapshot images. The process can be divided into three steps. The first step is to detect the feature points. The second step is to find the corresponding feature points between two images. The last step is to obtain the transformations for image mosaic using the corresponding points. In the second step, it is difficult to check up corresponding feature points because the feature points may be spurious. We proposed a method to solve this problem. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Synthesis and stereochemical studies on the reductions of some pyrrole derivatives (1984)

Total syntheses of the unique pyrrole derivatives (2a–d) and the steroid analogue (1) are reported. Reductions of the above imines with sodium borohydride or by a catalytic procedure have been found to be stereospecific, yielding only the trans-amine in each case. Metal–ammonia reductions of the benzoxe-pino-(2a) and benzocyclohepteno-pyrrole (2d) provided a 2:1 mixture of the corresponding trans- and the cis-amine respectively. Reductions of the indole derivative (2e) with lithium aluminium hydride, sodium in liquid ammonia, or by a catalytic method furnished in each case the cis-amine (22b). The rate of reduction of (2e) with sodium borohydride was much slower, and under special conditions it afforded a 3:1 mixture of the cis-(22b) and the trans-amtne (22a) respectively. The reasons for the completely different stereochemical results observed in the reductions of the imines (2a–d) and (2e) have been briefly discussed.
Implementing the Multicultural Education Perspective into the Nursing Education Curriculum (2003)

Nurse educators are faced with the challenge implementing educational programs that value the diversity students and that positively portray this diversity at the same time meeting the overall goals the institutions. The literature has shown that with the implementation this concept, the curriculum and instruction will be changed to produce an awareness, acceptance, and affirmation cultural diversity. This article was written to provide nurse educators with strategies for implementing the multicultural concept into their nursing programs. An outline essential knowledge, a guideline for critiquing a nursing education program, theory, justification for the approach will be presented. ********** Educational institutions play a major role in shaping the attitudes and beliefs the youth in the nation. The overall goal these institutions is to prepare each generation to assume the obligations and responsibilities a productive citizen. Today's school population represents a multicultural group. These people come from different ethnic backgrounds, classes, religions, and native languages. Educators are, therefore, faced with the challenge implementing educational programs that values this diversity and that positively portray that diversity at the same time meeting the overall goals their institutions. Probably the most significant change in higher education during the past several decades has been the dramatic change in the composition college students (Levine & Cureton, 1998). A recent survey by the U.S. Department Education (1996) indicated that fewer than 16% undergraduates conform to the conventional image a full time student, 19 to 22 years old, and living on campus. In addition, these significant changes in student demographics have been mirrored by changes that are occurring in the broader culture. For example, W. C. Sue and D. Sue (1999) reported that more than one third the current American populations consist ethnic minorities, and projections indicate that the United States will have a majority minority culture sometime between 2003 and 2005. The dramatic changes in the composition college students should dictate a significant change in how universities/colleges and schools n thus, requiring nursing school administrators to design their total educational process and educational content to reflect a commitment to cultural pluralism. The task achieving this goal is difficult, but not impossible. The challenge lies in the attitudes of the people toward the value culturally diverse society. …
Security Enhancement in InfiniBand Architecture (2005)

The InfiniBand/spl trade/ architecture (IBA) is a new promising I/O communication standard positioned for building clusters and system area networks (SANs). However, the IBA specification has left out security resulting in potential security vulnerabilities, which could be exploited with moderate effort. In this paper, we view these vulnerabilities from three classical security aspects: availability, confidentiality, and authentication. For better availability of IBA, we recommend that a switch be able to enforce partitioning for data packets for which we propose an efficient implementation method using trap messages. For confidentiality, we encrypt only secret keys to minimize performance degradation. The most serious vulnerability in IBA is authentication since IBA authenticates packets solely by checking the existence of plaintext keys in the packet. In this paper, we propose a new authentication mechanism that treats the invariant CRC (ICRC) field as an authentication tag, which is compatible with current IBA specification. When analyzing the performance of our authentication approach along with other authentication algorithms, we observe that our approach dramatically enhances IBA's authentication capability without hampering IBA performance benefit. Furthermore, simulation results indicate that our methods enhance security in IBA with marginal performance overhead.
Identification and Characterization of Novel Genetic Markers Associated with Biological Control Activities in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (2006)

ABSTRACT Suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) was used to identify genetic markers associated with biological control of plant pathogens by Bacillus subtilis. The genomes of two commercialized strains, GB03 and QST713, were compared with that of strain 168, which has no defined biocontrol capacities, to obtain a pool of DNA fragments unique to the two biocontrol strains. The sequences of 149 subtracted fragments were determined and compared with those present in GenBank, but only 80 were found to correspond to known Bacillus genes. Of these, 65 were similar to genes with a wide range of metabolic functions, including the biosynthesis of cell wall components, sporulation, and antibiotic biosynthesis. Sixteen subtracted fragments shared a high degree of similarity to sequences found in multiple B. subtilis strains with proven biocontrol capacities. Oligonucleotide primers specific to nine of these genes were developed. The targeted genes included five genes involved in antibiotic synthesis (bmyB, fenD, ituC,srfAA, and srfAB) and four additional genes (yndJ, yngG, bioA, and a hypothetical open reading frame) not previously associated with biological control. All nine markers were amplified from the commercialized B. subtilis strains GB03, QST713, and MBI600, with the exception of ituC, which was not detected in GB03. The markers also were amplified from four other B. subtilis isolates, but they were not amplified from other related Bacillus strains, including the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria IN937a and IN937b. Sequencing of the amplified markers revealed that all seven of the isolates that scored positive for multiple markers were genotypically distinct strains. Interestingly, strains scored positive for the amplifiable markers generally were more effective at inhibiting the growth of Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum than other Bacillus isolates that lacked the markers. The potential utility of the defined genetic markers to further define the diversity, ecology, and biocontrol activities of B. subtilis are discussed.
The Influence of Methylphenidate on Spontaneous Autonomic Activity and Behavior in Children Diagnosed as Hyperactive (1981)

ABSTRACT Methylphenidate influenced the spontaneous autonomic activity of children diagnosed as hyperactive. There was dose response related reduction in disruptive classroom behavior monitored by the teacher ratings and a parallel decrease in a component of heart period variability, V, derived via spectral analysis of heart period activity. A low dose of methylphenidate, which has been reported to enhance cognitive performance, selectively increased a measure of respiratory‐cardiac coupling, C w , derived via cross‐spectral analysis of respiration and heart period activity. It is hypothesized that C w may be a quantitative manifestation of brainstem integration and V may be a quantitative estimate of effective vagal tone on the heart.
Intervertebral Motion After Incremental Damage to the Posterior Structures of the Cervical Spine (2005)

Radiographic assessment of the cervical spine may not be sufficient to exclude even extensive damage to the posterior structures of the cervical spine.
Small kingdoms and crumbling organizations: Examining the variation in constituency party membership and resources (2000)

The 'revisionist school' of party campaigning in Britain has successfully demonstrated the importance of party members (see, for example, Denver and Hands, 1997; Johnston and Pattie, 1995; and Seyd and Whiteley, 1992). We have, however, much less information about the size and resources of local constituency parties. This article reports data collected during the Committee on Standards in Public Life's investigations into party finance. The aim of the survey was to gain an impression of the resources and expenditure of local parties in a manner similar to the investigations undertaken during the Houghton Committee's investigations in the 1970s. The article then analyses predictors of local party strength.
Li Insertion into Li[sub 4]Ti[sub 5]O[sub 12] (Spinel) (2003)

(spinel) materials were prepared with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas ranging from 1.3 to 196 m2/g. The corresponding average particle sizes varied from ca. 1 μm to ca. 9 nm. Twenty-five different materials were tested as Li insertion hosts in thin-film electrodes (2-4 μm) made from a pure spinel. Trace amounts of anatase in were conveniently determined by cyclic voltammetry of Li insertion. Electrodes from nanocrystalline exhibited excellent activity towards Li insertion, even at charging rates as high as 250C. The charge capability at 50-250C was proportional to the logarithm of surface area for coarse particles (surface areas smaller than ca. 20 m2/g). With increasing charge/discharge rates, a narrowing plateau in performance was observed for materials with surface areas between ca. 20 to 100 m2/g. These materials can be charged/discharged nearly to the nominal capacity of (175 mAh/g) within a wide range of the rates. Very small particles exhibit a growing decrease of charge capability at 50-250C. The Li-diffusion coefficients, calculated from chronoamperometry, decrease by orders of magnitude if the average particle size drops from ca. 1 μm to ca. 9 nm. However, the sluggish transport in small particles is compensated by the increase in active electrode area. Materials having surface areas larger than ca. 100 m2/g also tend to show increased charge irreversibility. This could be caused by parasitic cathodic reactions, due to enhanced adsorption of reducible impurities (humidity) or the quality of the spinel crystalline lattice itself. The optimum performance of thin-film electrodes is achieved, if the parent materials have surface areas between ca. 20 to 110 m2/g, with the maximum peak at 100 m2/g. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.