gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cotton in the global context : discussion paper for the governments of Central Asia (2006)

This report was produced in an attempt to synthesize the common features of the most successful and competitive models in the cotton sector worldwide so those could be presented for consideration of the governments of cotton-growing countries which are concerned with their competitive position in a global cotton market. The report discusses the most successful time-tested arrangements and the most recent promising developments. The contents include: world production and consumption, inputs, costs of production, land, ginning, quality assessment, finance, pricing, marketing, price hedging/risk management, organic/genetically modified cotton, and textiles.
Standard Magnetic Field Radiated by Two Loop Antennas in a Coplane (1983)

A RF magnetic field generator consisting of two radiating loop antennas placed in a coplane is proposed, which has relatively uniform field distribution and permits easy alignment of the antennas. A standard field generator based on this idea, having flat frequency characteristics up to 30 MHz, has been designed and tested. It was confirmed that misalignment of the receiving antenna up to 2 cm, for a distance of 30 cm between the radiating loop and the test point, causes an error of only ±0.1 dB. In terms of frequency characteristics, the field strength at the test point was flat within ±0.15 dB from 1 to 30 MHz.
Design and implementation of a digital teleultrasound system for real-time remote diagnosis (2002)

Presents the design and implementation of a digital image capture and distribution system that supports remote ultrasound examinations and, in particular, real-time diagnosis for these examinations. The system was designed in conjunction with radiologists and staff in the Department of Radiology at the University of Virginia Hospital. Based on readily available microcomputer components, our teleultrasound system handles the acquisition, digitizing, and reliable transmission of still and moving images generated by an ultrasound machine. The digital images have a resolution of 640/spl times/480 with an 8-bit color plane, con be captured at rates up to 30 frames/sec, and are compressed and decompressed in real-time using specialized hardware. While scalable to communications networks of any transmission speed, initial deployment is envisioned for 1.5 Mbit/s T-1 leased lines. To achieve real-time still image distribution and to reduce the bandwidth necessary for motion video, the teleultrasound design employs lossy image compression based on the JPEG standard. The effects of JPEG compression on diagnostic quality are being studied in a separate signal detection study with the Department of Radiology at the University of Virginia.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
PERLINDUNGAN KESELAMATAN TENAGA KERJA PADA PERUSAHAAN TEKSTIL DI KABUPATEN DAERAH TINGKAT II SLEMAN (1999)

The concept of advanced nursing practice varies widely in interpretation and regulation. The economic, societal, and political forces affecting change in the U.S. health care delivery system have heightened the public's interest in alternative approaches to health care. Traditional acts of medicine increasingly overlap with those of other providers, such as nurse practitioners, nurse midwives, nurse anesthetists, and clinical nurse specialists. Crucial challenges face state Boards of Nursing as they balance their public protection responsibilities with their support of the evolution of nursing practice. This article provides information regarding the national approach to the regulation of advanced practice nursing, followed by an overview of one state's approach to this issue.
Measuring liveliness in presentation speech (2005)

This paper proposes that speech analysis be used to quantifyprosodic variables in presentation speech, and reports theresults of a perception test of speaker liveliness. The test materialwas taken from a corpus of oral presentations made by18 Swedish native students of Technical English. Livelinessratings from a panel of eight judges correlated strongly withnormalized standard deviation of F0 and, for female speakers,with mean length of runs, which is the number of syllablesbetween pauses of g250 ms. An application of these findingswould be in the development of a feedback mechanism for theprosody of public speaking.
Iterated Filtering and Smoothing with Application to Infectious Disease Models. (2016)

Partially observed Markov process (POMP) models are ubiquitous tools for modeling time series data in many fields including statistics, econometrics, ecology, and engineering. Because of incomplete measurements, and possibly weakly identifiable parameters, making inferences on POMP models can be challenging. Standard methods for inference (e.g., maximum likelihood) with restrictive assumptions of linear Gaussian models have often led to unsatisfactory results when the assumptions are violated. To relax these assumptions, this dissertation develops a class of simulation-based algorithms called iterated filtering and smoothing for POMP models. First, a novel filter, called Bayes map iterated filtering, is introduced. This filter recursively combines parameter perturbations with latent variable reconstruction, stochastically optimizing the approximated likelihood of latent variable models and providing an asymptotic guarantee of the performance of this inference methodology. Second, a fast, light-weight algorithm, called second-order iterated smoothing is proposed to improve on the convergence rate of the approach. The goal of this part is to demonstrate that by exploiting Fisher Information as a by-product of the inference methodology, one can theoretically achieve both statistical and computational efficiencies without sacrificing applicability to a general class of models. Third, a new technique for the proof of Bayes map iterated filtering algorithm, based on super-martingale inequality, is proposed. This approach with verifiable conditions is simpler than the previous approach and is generalizable to more sophisticated algorithms. Fourth, we validated the properties of the proposed methodologies through applying them to a challenging inference problem of fitting a malaria transmission model with control to time series data, finding substantial gains for our methods over current alternatives. Finally, a range of modern statistical methodologies for POMP modeling have been implemented in an open source R package, named pomp, to provide a flexible computational framework for the community.
Vie (2010)

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<i>In vivo</i> bone response to porous calcium phosphate cement (2003)

We conducted an in vivo experiment to evaluate the resorption rate of a calcium phosphate cement (CPC) with macropores larger than 100 microm, using the CPC called Biocement D (Merck Biomaterial, Darmstadt, Germany), which after setting only shows pores smaller than 1 microm. The gas bubble method used during the setting process created macroporosity. Preset nonporous and porous cement implants were inserted into the trabecular bone of the tibial metaphysis of goats. The size of the preset implants was 6 mm and the diameter of the drill hole was 6.3 mm, leaving a gap of 0.3 mm between implant surface and drill wall. After 2 and 10 weeks, the animals were euthanized and cement implants with surrounding bone were retrieved for histologic evaluation. Light microscopy at 2 weeks revealed that the nonporous implants were surrounded by connective tissue. On the cement surface, we observed a monolayer of multinucleated cells. Ten weeks after implantation, the nonporous implants were still surrounded by connective tissue. However, a thin layer of bone now covered the implant surface. No sign of cement resorption was observed. In contrast, the porous cement evoked a completely different bone response. At 2 weeks, bone formation had already occurred inside the implant porosity. Bone formation even appeared to occur as a result of osteoinduction. Also, at their outer surface, the porous implants were completely surrounded by bone. At 2 weeks, about 31% of the initial cement was resorbed. After 10 weeks, 81% of the initial phosphate cement was resorbed and new bone was deposited. On the basis of these observations, we conclude that the creation of macropores can significantly improve the resorption rate of CPC. This increased degradation is associated with almost complete bone replacement.
Hafnium titanate as a high permittivity gate insulator: Electrical and physical characteristics and thermodynamic stability (2007)

High permittivity hafnium titanate thin films deposited by chemical vapor deposition have been studied systematically as gate insulators. The electrical and physical characteristics of the films were analyzed using a variety of techniques. It was observed that the films with higher Ti content are more resistant to crystallization when subjected to high temperature annealing. The capacitance-voltage curves for devices with hafnium titanate displayed relatively low (∼50mV) hysteresis. When the concentration of Hf is comparable to the concentration of Ti, both the interfacial layer equivalent oxide thickness and permittivity of HfxTi1−xO2 increase linearly with increasing Ti content. The sample with higher Hf content showed weaker temperature dependence of the current. In metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor devices with hafnium titanate films, normal transistor characteristics were observed. The devices exhibited electron mobility degradation. The thermodynamic stability of stoichiometric films in contact with Si was also studied.
CrAlN coating to enhance the power loss and magnetostriction in grain oriented electrical steel (2016)

Grain oriented electrical steels (GOES) are coated with aluminium orthophosphate on top of a forsterite (Mg2SiO4) layer to provide stress and insulation resistance to reduce the power loss and magnetostriction. In this work Chromium Aluminium Nitride (CrAlN) was coated on GOES samples with electron beam physical vapour deposition and was tested in the single strip and magnetostriction tester to measure the power loss and magnetostriction before and after coating. Power loss was reduced by 2% after coating and 6 % post annealing at 800 °C. For applied compressive stress of 6 MPa, the magnetostrictive strain was zero with the CrAlN coating as compared to 22 and 24 μϵ for fully finished GOES and GOES without phosphate coating. The thickness of the coating was found to be 1.9 ± 0.2 μm estimated with Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy (GDOES). The magnetic domain imaging showed domain narrowing after coating. The reduction in power loss and magnetostriction was due to the large residual compressive stress and Young’s modulus (270 GPa) of the coating.
MUC1 epithelial mucin (CD227) is expressed by activated dendritic cells (2002)

Abstract The MUC1 mucin (CD227) is a cell surface mucin originally thought to be restricted to epithelial tissues. We report that CD227 is expressed on human blood dendritic cells (DC) and monocyte-derived DC following in vitro activation. Freshly isolated murine splenic DC had very low levels of CD227; however, all DC expressed CD227 following in vitro culture. In the mouse spleen, CD227 was seen on clusters within the red pulp and surrounding the marginal zone in the white pulp. Additionally, we confirm CD227 expression by activated human T cells and show for the first time that the CD227 cytoplasmic domain is tyrosine-phosphorylated in activated T cells and DC and is associated with other phosphoproteins, indicating a role in signaling. The function of CD227 on DC and T cells requires further elucidation.
An efficient casts recognition algorithm in urinary sediment images (2010)

A new and efficient method for casts recognition in urinary sediment microscopic images is proposed in this paper. It combines the shape and texture characteristics of casts, and accordingly, consists of two steps. In the first step, the casts' tube-like shape feature is expressed by a modified method stems from the traditional one which is based on the minimum bounding rectangle(MBR). Instead of using MBR, we make use of the centerline to describe its shape while curved casts are concerned. Then, in the next step, some texture features are extracted and send to the SVM classifier for further judgment. As this method is quite focus on the features of casts, both shape and texture, it is very effective to recognize casts in urinary sediment images. Large experiments proved that this method is easy to implement and achieves high accuracy.
Comparison of epidural analgesia and intercostal nerve cryoanalgesia for post‐thoracotomy pain control (2007)

Epidural analgesia is regarded as the gold method for controlling post-thoracotomy pain. Intercostal nerve cryoanalgesia can also produce satisfactory analgesic effects, but is suspected to increase the incidence of chronic pain. However, randomized controlled trials comparing these two methods for post-thoracotomy acute pain analgesic effects and chronic pain incidents have not been conducted previously. We studied 107 adult patients, allocated randomly to thoracic epidural bupivacaine and morphine or intercostal nerve cryoanalgesia. Acute pain scores and opioid-related side effects were evaluated for three postoperative days. Chronic pain information, including the incidence, severity, and allodynia-like pain, was acquired on the first, third, sixth and twelfth months postoperatively. There was no significant difference on numeral rating scales (NRS) at rest or on motion between the two groups during the three postoperative days. The patient satisfaction results were also similar between the groups. The side effects, especially mild pruritus, were reported more often in the epidural group. Both groups showed high incidence of chronic pain (42.1-72.1%), and no significance between the groups. The incidence of allodynia-like pain reported in cryo group was higher than that in Epidural group on any postoperative month, with significance on the sixth and the twelfth months postoperatively (P<0.05). More patients rated their chronic pain intensity on moderate and severe in cryo group and interfered with daily life (P<0.05). Both thoracic epidural analgesia and intercostal nerve cryoanalgesia showed satisfactory analgesia for post-thoracotomy acute pain. The incidence of post-thoracotomy chronic pain is high. Cryoanalgesia may be a factor that increases the incidence of neuropathic pain.
ELL: Extendable Library Language (2002)

The authors summarize an approach that considers reuse as a higher-level specification method with its own environment. A prototype for semiautomatic software generation has been developed by combination of a reuse process with knowledge of an application domain in terms of objects, functions, templates, and rules. The prototyped reuse environment is described with emphasis on the Extendable Library Language (ELL). ELL allows users to input the specification of their systems in terms of different components of the library. In conjunction with the reuse environment, ELL provides for incremental decomposition of the missing library components into lower-level, and combination of the components of the library that generate the code for the missing module.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
New Analogs of the Complement C3 Inhibitor Compstatin with Increased Solubility and Improved Pharmacokinetic Profile (2018)

Improper regulation of complement is associated with various pathologies, and the clinical demand for compounds that can regulate complement activation is therefore imperative. Cp40, an analog of the peptide compstatin, inhibits all complement pathways at the level of the central component C3. We have further developed Cp40, using either PEGylation at the N-terminus or insertion of charged amino acids at the C-terminus. The PEGylated analogs are highly soluble and retained their inhibitory activity, with C3b binding affinity dependent on the length of the PEG chain. The addition of two or three residues of lysine, in turn, not only improved the peptide's solubility but also increased the binding affinity for C3b while retaining its inhibitory potency. Three of the new derivatives showed improved pharmacokinetic profiles in vivo in non-human primates. Given their compelling solubility and pharmacokinetic profiles, these new Cp40 analogs should broaden the spectrum of administration routes, likely reducing dosing frequency during chronic treatment and potentially expanding their range of clinical application.
[C−H···O] Interactions as a Control Element in Supramolecular Complexes:  Experimental and Theoretical Evaluation of Receptor Affinities for the Binding of Bipyridinium-Based Guests by Catenated Hosts<sup>1</sup> (1999)

Macrocyclic receptors incorporating two facing π-electron-rich aromatic surfaces, held at a distance of approximately 7 Å by polyether spacers, bind bipyridinium-based guests. This recognition motif, which is dictated by π−π stacking and [C−H···O] hydrogen-bonding interactions, has led to the development of efficient template-directed syntheses of mechanically interlocked molecules, such as catenanes and rotaxanes. By employing a supramolecularly assisted synthetic methodology based on these interactions, we have self-assembled two novel [3]catenanes, each incorporating two 1,5-dioxynaphtho-38-crown-10 components and one bipyridinium-based tetracationic cyclophane component. Single-crystal X-ray analyses of these [3]catenanes revealed that they possess internal cavities bounded on two opposite sites by π-electron-rich 1,5-dioxynaphthalene units separated by a distance of approximately 7−8 Å. Despite the presence of apparently ideal “binding pockets”, these mechanically interlocked compounds steadfastly refuse to bind bipyridinium-based guests in solution, as demonstrated by both 1H NMR and UV−vis spectroscopy. AMBER* and HF/3-21G calculations on appropriate models show that the absence of [C−H···O] hydrogen-bonding interactions is responsible for the instability of these geometrically ideal complexes. The [C−H···O] bond appears to be quantitatively much more important than π−π stacking interactions in these particular systems.
A hundred years of Dunaliella research: 1905–2005 (2005)

A hundred years have passed since the description of the genus Dunaliella, the unicellular green alga which is responsible for most of the primary production in hypersaline environments worldwide. The present paper provides an historical survey of research on Dunaliella, from the early work in the 19th century to the thorough taxonomic studies by Teodoresco, Hamburger, Lerche and others from the beginning of the 20th century onwards. It attempts to trace the origin of some of the most important breakthroughs that have contributed to our present understanding of this alga that plays such a key role in many hypersaline environments.
New EDFA pumping scheme insensitive to 980 nm diode lasers temperature variation (2001)

We present a novel EDFAs pumping scheme that while using uncooled pump diode lasers, permit to avoid the fluctuation of gain that are caused by the variation of 980nm pumps operating temperature. These pumping configuration permits to realize low cost temperature stabilized gain modules while maintaining a relatively high stability of gain efficiency and spectral shape.
Inhibitory Effects of <scp>d</scp> -Amino Acids on Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Development (2011)

Biofilms are communities of cells held together by a self-produced extracellular matrix typically consisting of protein, exopolysaccharide, and often DNA. A natural signal for biofilm disassembly in Bacillus subtilis is certain D-amino acids, which are incorporated into the peptidoglycan and trigger the release of the protein component of the matrix. D-amino acids also prevent biofilm formation by the related Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Here we employed fluorescence microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy to investigate how D-amino acids prevent biofilm formation by S. aureus. We report that biofilm formation takes place in two stages, initial attachment to surfaces, resulting in small foci, and the subsequent growth of the foci into large aggregates. D-amino acids did not prevent the initial surface attachment of cells but blocked the subsequent growth of the foci into larger assemblies of cells. Using protein- and polysaccharide-specific stains, we have shown that D-amino acids inhibited the accumulation of the protein component of the matrix but had little effect on exopolysaccharide production and localization within the biofilm. We conclude that D-amino acids act in an analogous manner to prevent biofilm development in B. subtilis and S. aureus. Finally, to investigate the potential utility of D-amino acids in preventing device-related infections, we have shown that surfaces impregnated with D-amino acids were effective in preventing biofilm growth.
Smart portable rehabilitation devices (2005)

Smart, portable devices with the ability for real time monitoring and adjustment open a new era in rehabilitation where the recovery process could be dramatically improved.
Escape from X chromosome inactivation is an intrinsic property of the <i>Jarid1c</i> locus (2008)

Although most genes on one X chromosome in mammalian females are silenced by X inactivation, some "escape" X inactivation and are expressed from both active and inactive Xs. How these escape genes are transcribed from a largely inactivated chromosome is not fully understood, but underlying genomic sequences are likely involved. We developed a transgene approach to ask whether an escape locus is autonomous or is instead influenced by X chromosome location. Two BACs carrying the mouse Jarid1c gene and adjacent X-inactivated transcripts were randomly integrated into mouse XX embryonic stem cells. Four lines with single-copy, X-linked transgenes were identified, and each was inserted into regions that are normally X-inactivated. As expected for genes that are normally subject to X inactivation, transgene transcripts Tspyl2 and Iqsec2 were X-inactivated. However, allelic expression and RNA/DNA FISH indicate that transgenic Jarid1c escapes X inactivation. Therefore, transgenes at 4 different X locations recapitulate endogenous inactive X expression patterns. We conclude that escape from X inactivation is an intrinsic feature of the Jarid1c locus and functionally delimit this escape domain to the 112-kb maximum overlap of the BACs tested. Additionally, although extensive chromatin differences normally distinguish active and inactive loci, unmodified BACs direct proper inactive X expression patterns, establishing that primary DNA sequence alone, in a chromosome position-independent manner, is sufficient to determine X chromosome inactivation status. This transgene approach will enable further dissection of key elements of escape domains and allow rigorous testing of specific genomic sequences on inactive X expression.