gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of heat shock gene expression without heat shock by hepatocarcinogens and during hepatic regeneration in rat liver. (1986)

We investigated the expression of the rat hepatic heat-shock protein (hsp) genes under the influence of hepatocarcinogens and during hepatic regeneration. This was undertaken because of the inducibility of the heat-shock response in rat liver and because heat-shock genes can be expressed with or without heat shock in various cell states in a developmentally regulated manner. We found that acute administration of hepatocarcinogens to rats induced an increased hsp gene transcription in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Chronic exposure of rats to complete hepatocarcinogens induced increased levels of mainly Mr 83,000 heat-shock protein gene transcription and, to a lesser extent, Mr 70,000 heat-shock protein. However, the tumor promoter phenobarbital did not induce increased hsp gene expression. Increased levels of both Mr 83,000 heat-shock protein and Mr 70,000 heat-shock protein gene transcription were found during hepatic regeneration. Thus, increased hsp gene transcription, which correlated with increased heat-shock protein synthesis, was observed under the acute and chronic influence of hepatocarcinogens and during normal hepatic proliferation. These results are similar to those observed for c-H-ras and c-myc expression in rat liver, and they suggest that a coordinate expression of these three genes may occur in hepatic regeneration and in the early stages of experimental chemical hepatocarcinogenesis.
The insurance telematics as a tool to improve road safety in the context of the russian market of autoinsurance (2018)

The relevance of the research is determined by the objective need for innovative technological solutions for traffic safety. The paper studies the main trends in the Russian auto market. The characteristics of the types of technological innovation in insurance. It is studied in detail the company's telematics product Raxel Telematics, which allows comprehensively influence the risks arising from the driver, such as the number of accident rate driving style, car parts wear and increased risk of the use of vehicle on the road. An attempt is made in practice to assess the effectiveness of this product in the Russian market. In particular, it was found that the number of road accidents with victims after the application of customer notification system about the need to be serviced decreased 3 times and considerably lower in relation to the global statistics. Identified the drivers of grows and barriers to the development of smart insurance in Russia. The study confirms the need for the insurance telematics in the Russian market with the aim of revitalizing the auto insurance and reduce road traffic injuries and deaths.
MCU system software in video conference network (2002)

The multipoint control unit (MCU) is the control center of a video conference network. The implementation of MCU requires both hardware and software. An MCU system software, which is designed to construct a prototype MCU with the hardware we have already developed, is discussed and the emphasis is on the structure of the software and some key points of software implementation. This paper is based on the experience of developing a video conference system that is in use at the Zhengzhou Railway Bureau.
Designing 3D Graphics: How to Create Real-Time 3D Models for Games and Virtual Reality (1996)

Development Teams in Commercial Projects The Basics of 3D Computer Graphics Getting Our Feet Wet Exploring 3D Studio as a Real-Time Modeler Advanced Tool Studies Mapping Creating Textures Modeling Specific Types of Objects Animation All About Graphics Engines VRML RT3D Environment Design Index.
High Heat Flux Cooling by Microbubble Emission Boiling (2002)

In subcooled flow boiling of water in a horizontal rectangular channel, microbubble emission boiling occurred at higher subcooling of liquid in transition boiling, and the heat flux increased more than the critical heat flux. The maximum heat flux reached 10 MW/m(2) for a channel with 12 mm x 14mm cross-section at 40K liquid subcooling and 0.5 m/sec liquid velocity. For smaller rectangular channels with 14 mm x 5mm, 14mm x 3mm, and 14mm x 1mm cross-sections, the maximum heat flux was 7 MW/m(2)-more than 20 times the cooling limit of a present day CPU. Microbubble emission boiling is expected to realize high heat flux cooling for electronic devices. In convection boiling with subcooled water jet, the same boiling regime and heat flux were obtained for a downward heating surface and an upward heating surface. In subcooled flow boiling with strong convection, the hydrodynamic force is predominant for vapor-liquid exchange. Accordingly, microbubble emission boiling is expected for high heat flux cooling or high heat flux heat transfer in microgravity.
Adaptive approaches to relieving broadcast storms in a wireless multihop mobile ad hoc network (2003)

In a multihop mobile ad hoc network, broadcasting is an elementary operation to support many applications. Previously, it is shown that naively broadcasting by flooding may cause serious redundancy, contention, and collision in the network, which we refer to as the broadcast storm problem. Several threshold-based schemes are shown to perform better than flooding in that work. However, how to choose thresholds also poses a dilemma between reachability and efficiency under different host densities. In this paper, we propose several adaptive schemes, which can dynamically adjust thresholds based on local connectivity information. Simulation results show that these adaptive schemes can offer better reachability as well as efficiency as compared to the previous results.
Virtual Organizations from an Economic Perspective. (1996)

The use of information and communication technology (IT) to build up cooperative structures, of which virtual organizations form one example, recently received much attention, as well from the IT point of view as from organizational science. Yet, in many cases, a sound theoretical fundament is missing that could provide useful insights. In the present paper the three economic approaches of competitive strategy, transaction costs and property rights are applied onto virtual organizations in order to discuss some of their chances and possible limitations. Evidence is found for the assumption that virtual organizations have to be regarded as a significant extension of the variety of organizational alternatives, yet not a general substitute for other forms in any situation.
Magnetic Fusion for Space Propulsion (1992)

Magnetic fusion could enable the efficient, large-scale exploration and development of the Solar System. Several conceptual fusion reactor design studies indicate that magnetic fusion may be attractive for space applications—particularly space propulsion. These designs, based on various configurations, share the common characteristics that: (1) the D-3He fuel cycle is used, (2) the plasma provides thrust directly, and (3) continuous, low-thrust trajectories are followed. This paper presents the generic arguments for magnetic fusion power in space, examines fusion fuels and configurations, discusses the trajectories fusion rockets would travel, and explores potential missions.
Uncertainty-aware Short-term Motion Prediction of Traffic Actors for Autonomous Driving (2020)

We address one of the crucial aspects necessary for safe and efficient operations of autonomous vehicles, namely predicting future state of traffic actors in the autonomous vehicle's surroundings. We introduce a deep learning-based approach that takes into account a current world state and produces raster images of each actor's vicinity. The rasters are then used as inputs to deep convolutional models to infer future movement of actors while also accounting for and capturing inherent uncertainty of the prediction task. Extensive experiments on real-world data strongly suggest benefits of the proposed approach. Moreover, following successful tests the system was deployed to a fleet of autonomous vehicles.
An endogenous sialoprotein and a bacterial B cell superantigen compete in their VH family-specific binding interactions with human Igs (1996)

Staphylococcal protein A (SpA), a bacterial membrane protein, and protein Fv (Fv binding protein (pFv)), a human sialoprotein involved in gut-associated immunity, have both recently been shown to have unconventional V(H) family-restricted binding interactions with Igs. To determine whether these Ig binding proteins interact with related structures, we performed a series of comparative binding studies. The results confirmed that both molecules are bound by most V(H)3 IgM, but pFv is also recognized by V(H)3 and V(H)6 Ig that do not interact with SpA. We discovered that pFv and SpA (or a single domain of SpA) can compete for binding to a V(H)3 Ab, which suggests that they can recognize the same (or adjacent) V(H) sites. For both SpA and pFv, binding is less frequent among IgG than IgM. However, V(H)3 IgG more commonly possess Fab-mediated binding activity for pFv than for SpA. Binding studies of denatured Ig suggested that both pFv and SpA interact with conformationally dependent V(H) sites, although in certain cases pFv binding is more permissive than SpA binding. Taken together, these results indicate that the superantigen properties of SpA, a microbial protein, and those of pFv, an endogenous sialoprotein, involve binding interactions with overlapping and at times functionally equivalent sites in the V(H) domain, indicating that self and foreign proteins can employ highly conserved strategies to create superantigens for the Ag receptors of B lymphocytes.
Expanding the Substrate Tolerance of Biotin Ligase through Exploration of Enzymes from Diverse Species (2008)

Technologies that enable the site-specific conjugation of chemical probes onto proteins are extremely useful for applications in cell biology and proteomics. We cloned, expressed, and purified biotin ligases from nine different species and screened them for the ability to ligate unnatural analogues of biotin onto the human p67 biotin acceptor domain. We discovered that the biotin ligases of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) and Pyrococcus horikoshii could accept alkyne and azide derivatives of biotin, respectively. HPLC, gel-shift, and mass spectrometry assays confirmed that these ligation reactions were ATP- and enzyme-dependent, as well as site-specific. We used the P. horikoshii-catalyzed azide ligation reaction to site-specifically introduce a phosphine probe onto p67 using the Staudinger ligation. These new ligation reactions demonstrate the differential substrate specificities of biotin ligases from different organisms and open the door to novel protein labeling applications.
Synthesis and mesogenic properties of a novel family of oligothiophene derivatives (2001)

With the aim of developing new oligothiophene-based liquid crystals involving hydrogen bonding, new terthiophene derivatives containing an alkylamide group, N,N'-distearyl-2,2' : 5',2"-terthiophene-5,5"-dicarboxamide (DNC183T) and N,N'-dialkyl-5,5"-dibromo-2,2' : 5',2"-terthiophene-4,4"-dicarboxamides (DNCnDBr3T, n = 5, 8, 16, 18), were designed and synthesized, and their thermal behaviour examined. While DNC183T did not exhibit liquid crystallinity, DNCnDBr3T compounds with n = 8, 16, 18 were found to form smectic A phases. In addition to liquid crystal behaviour, crystal polymorphism was also observed for DNC16DBr3T. It is shown that both the position of the amido group and the alkyl chain length greatly affect liquid crystal phase formation. The absence of liquid crystallinity in the corresponding ester derivatives suggests that intermolecular hydrogen bonding also plays a role in the formation of liquid crystal phases in the DNCnDBr3T system.
Adding virtual measurements by signal injection (2016)

We propose a method to “create” a new measurement output by exciting the system with a high-frequency oscillation. This new “virtual” measurement may be useful to facilitate the design of a suitable control law. The approach is especially interesting when the observability from the actual output degenerates at a steady-state regime of interest. The proposed method is based on second-order averaging and is illustrated by simulations on a simple third-order system.
Palladium-Catalyzed Reductive Homocoupling of Aromatic Halides and Oxidation of Alcohols (2010)

Palladium-catalyzed reductive homocoupling of aromatic halides can be performed in alcohol solutions without any auxiliary reducing reagents. Pd(dppf)Cl(2) [dppf = 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene] has been shown as the most effective catalyst among the palladium catalysts screened for the model reductive homocoupling of iodobenzene in alcoholic solutions. The reduction of iodobenzene is stoichiometrically coupled with the oxidation of solvent alcohol (3-pentanol). The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) studies clearly indicate that the oxidation of solvent alcohol molecules is involved with the in situ regeneration of the reductive Pd(0)(dppf) active species, indicating that the solvent alcohol also reacts as a reducing reagent for the reductive homocoupling of aromatic halides. Elimination of the external reducing reagents will simplify the product separation and purification. Base is essential for the success of the Pd(dppf)Cl(2)-catalyzed redox reaction as 2 molar equiv of base is needed to neutralize the acid byproduct formed. Biaryls are the predominant products for the Pd(dppf)Cl(2)-catalyzed reductions of the unsubstituted aromatic halides in 3-pentanol solution, whereas the dehalogenation products are predominant for the Pd(dppf)Cl(2)-catalyzed reductions of the substituted aromatic halides. The reaction mechanisms have been discussed for the palladium-mediated concomitant reduction of aromatic halides and oxidation of alcohols without any auxiliary reductants and oxidants.
Bayesian detection of abnormal values in longitudinal biomarkers with an application to T/E ratio (2006)

We developed a test that compares sequential measurements of a biomarker against previous readings performed on the same individual. A probability mass function expresses prior information on interindividual variations of intraindividual parameters. Then, the model progressively integrates new readings to more accurately quantify the characteristics of the individual. This Bayesian framework generalizes the two main approaches currently used in forensic toxicology for the detection of abnormal values of a biomarker. The specificity is independent of the number n of previous test results, with a model that gradually evolves from population-derived limits when n = 0 to individual-based cutoff thresholds when n is large. We applied this model to detect abnormal values in an athlete's steroid profile characterized by the testosterone over epitestosterone (T/E) marker. A cross-validation procedure was used for the estimation of prior densities as well as model validation. The heightened sensitivity/specificity relation obtained on a large data set shows that longitudinal monitoring of an athlete's steroid profile may be used efficiently to detect the abuse of testosterone and its precursors in sports. Mild assumptions make the model interesting for other areas of forensic toxicology.
Review of Artificial Intelligence Adversarial Attack and Defense Technologies (2019)

In recent years, artificial intelligence technologies have been widely used in computer vision, natural language processing, automatic driving, and other fields. However, artificial intelligence systems are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, which limit the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in key security fields. Therefore, improving the robustness of AI systems against adversarial attacks has played an increasingly important role in the further development of AI. This paper aims to comprehensively summarize the latest research progress on adversarial attack and defense technologies in deep learning. According to the target model’s different stages where the adversarial attack occurred, this paper expounds the adversarial attack methods in the training stage and testing stage respectively. Then, we sort out the applications of adversarial attack technologies in computer vision, natural language processing, cyberspace security, and the physical world. Finally, we describe the existing adversarial defense methods respectively in three main categories, i.e., modifying data, modifying models and using auxiliary tools.
Alarmingly poor performance in Chlamydia trachomatis point-of-care testing (2010)

The evaluated POC tests, owing to their very low sensitivities, are not ready for widespread use. These results underline the need for good-quality assurance of POC tests, especially in view of the increased availability of these tests on the internet.
Brentuximab Vedotin in the Front-Line Treatment of Patients With CD30<sup>+</sup> Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas: Results of a Phase I Study (2014)

Brentuximab vedotin, administered sequentially with CHOP or in combination with CHP, had a manageable safety profile and exhibited substantial antitumor activity in newly diagnosed patients with CD30(+) PTCL. A randomized phase III trial is under way, comparing BV+CHP with CHOP (clinical trial No. NCT01777152).
Thickness-Dependent Curie Temperatures of Ultrathin Magnetic Films: Effect of the Range of Spin-Spin Interactions (2001)

We present a simple model of spin-spin coupling which provides insight into the nature of the rapid decrease in the Curie temperature with decreasing thin film thickness n (number of monolayers). The shift of Curie temperature t(n) = 1-T(c)(n)/T(c)(infinity) follows the usual power law t(n) approximately n(-lambda) in thin films crossing over to linear behavior t(n) approximately n in the ultrathin film thickness limit. Experimental results for ferromagnetic thin films are compared, and shown to follow curves of t(n) with lambda values dependent on the nature of the spin-spin interactions.
Elementary relaxation processes investigated by femtosecond photoelectron spectroscopy of two‐dimensional materials (2012)

Abstract Elementary scattering processes in solid matter occur on ultrafast timescales and photoelectron spectroscopy in the time domain represents an excellent tool for their analysis. Conventional photoemission accesses binding energies of electronic states and their momentum dispersion. The use of femtosecond laser pulses in pump‐probe experiments allows obtaining direct insights to the energy and momentum dependence of ultrafast dynamics. This article introduces the elementary interaction processes and emphasizes recent work performed in this rapidly developing field. Decay processes in the low excitation limit are addressed, where electrons decay according to their interaction with carriers in equilibrium. Here, hot electron relaxation in epitaxial metallic film is reviewed. In the limit of an intense optical excitation, scattering of the excited electrons among each other establishes a non‐equilibrium state. Results on charge‐density wave materials and the effect of coherent nuclear motion on the electronic structure, which can break low symmetry ground states, are discussed. Figure reprinted with permission from [71].
The talking glove (1988)

A new bi-directional communication aid is being developed which allows deaf, deaf-blind, or nonvocal individuals to interact verbally with others. The device analyzes a nonvocal person's fingerspelling hand formations and outputs the spelled words as synthesized speech. In effect, this component of the communication aid is a "talking glove". In addition, by using state-of-the-art voice recognition equipment, a deaf user is able to read incoming speech on the miniature LCD screen of a modified digital wristwatch. Similarly, a deaf-blind individual may read incoming speech on a portable braille display module.
Virtual biopsy of rat tympanic membrane using higher harmonic generation microscopy (2010)

Multiharmonic optical microscopy has been widely applied in biomedical research due to its unique capability to perform noninvasive studies of biomaterials. In this study, virtual biopsy based on back-propagating multiple optical harmonics, combining second and third harmonics, is applied in unfixed rat tympanic membrane. We show that third harmonic generation can provide morphologic information on the epithelial layers of rat tympanic membrane as well as radial collagen fibers in middle fibrous layers, and that second harmonic generation can provide information on both radial and circular collagen fibers in middle fibrous layers. Through third harmonic generation, the capillary and red blood cells in the middle fibrous layer are also noted. Additionally, the 3-D relationship to adjacent bony structures and spatial variations in thickness and curvature are obtained. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of using a noninvasive optical imaging system for comprehensive evaluation of the tympanic membrane.
The Structure and Stability of Atomic Liquids: From Clusters to Bulk (1996)

Insights into the structure of simple liquids are presented from analysis of the effect of the range of interatomic forces on the multidimensional potential energy surfaces of bulk material and clusters. An understanding at the microscopic level is provided of how the liquid phase is destabilized in systems with very short-range interparticle forces. For small clusters bound by long-range interatomic forces, the lowest energy minimum has an amorphous structure typical of the liquidlike state. This suggests an explanation for the transition from electronic to geometric magic numbers (structures of special stability) observed in the mass spectra of sodium clusters.
Content-preserving Text Watermarking through Unicode Homoglyph Substitution (2016)

Digital watermarking has become crucially important in authentication and copyright protection of the digital contents, since more and more data are daily generated and shared online through digital archives, blogs and social networks. Out of all, text watermarking is a more difficult task in comparison to other media watermarking. Text cannot be always converted into image, it accounts for a far smaller amount of data (eg. social network posts) and the changes in short texts would strongly affect the meaning or the overall visual form. In this paper we propose a text watermarking technique based on homoglyph characters substitution for latin symbols1. The proposed method is able to efficiently embed a password based watermark in short texts by strictly preserving the content. In particular, it uses alternative Unicode symbols to ensure visual indistinguishability and length preservation, namely content-preservation. To evaluate our method, we use a real dataset of 1.8 million New York articles. The results show the effectiveness of our approach providing an average length of 101 characters needed to embed a 64bit password based watermark.
Mobility modeling and traffic analysis in three-dimensional high-rise building environments (2000)

To efficiently plan future personal communications services, we need to solve various mobility/traffic problems in one-dimensional (1-D), two-dimensional (2-D), and three-dimensional (3-D) micro- or pico-cell environments. Although many users exhibit vertical motion inside elevators in high-rise buildings, there have been no studies regarding cell planning which take into account vertical motion with elevators. We extend the previous 3-D indoor mobility modeling by considering the proper boundary conditions on each floor and vertical motions through elevators and modeling mobility in high-rise buildings in order to estimate the number of handoffs. We then propose a blocking probability model with mobility as a traffic model in 3-D indoor environments. Using this model, we can obtain the required number of channels per cell under the given blocking probability constraint. These results can be used in planning the networks of future personal communications services.