gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Lithium Long-Term Medication on Suicidal Behavior and Mortality of Bipolar Patients (2005)

The article reviews the existing evidence and the concept of the anti-suicidal effect of lithium long-term treatment in bipolar patients. The core studies supporting the concept of a suicide preventive effect of lithium in bipolar patients come from the international research group IGSLI, from Sweden, Italy, and recently also from the U.S. Patients on lithium possess an eight- time lower suicide risk than those off lithium. The anti-suicidal effect is not necessarily coupled to lithium's episode suppressing efficacy. The great number of lives potentially saved by lithium adds to the remarkable benefits of lithium in economical terms. The evidence that lithium can effectively reduce suicide risk has been integrated into modern algorithms in order to select the optimal maintenance therapy for an individual patient.
Site engineering concept of Ce^3+-activated novel orange-red emission oxide phosphors (2014)

Abstract: Novel Sr6(Y1-xCex)2Al4O15 (0.005 ≤ x ≤ 0.20) phosphors were synthesized in a single phase form by a conventional solid-state reaction method. These phosphors can be achieved the emission color tunable from blue to orange-red by controlling the Ce3+ doping site in the Sr6Y2Al4O15 lattice and exhibit orange-red emission centered on 600 nm by blue light irradiation as the Ce3+ concentration was increased. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Ce3+ doping oxide phosphor exhibiting orange-red emission centered on 600 nm under blue light excitation.
Pathophysiology of idiopathic overactive bladder and the success of treatment: A systematic review from ICI-RS 2013 (2014)

In order to advance the field of idiopathic OAB, more trials are needed that profile and test urgency outcomes in participants according to suspected underlying pathophysiology. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:611-617, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An Exploration of the Coupling Reactions of Epoxides and Carbon Dioxide Catalyzed by Tetramethyltetraazaannulene Chromium(III) Derivatives: Formation of Copolymers versus Cyclic Carbonates (2008)

The high catalytic activity of a tetramethyltetraazaannulene (tmtaa) chromium complex toward the copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide and carbon dioxide to discriminatively provide poly(cyclohexylene carbonate) has directed further studies into the capabilities of the catalyst system. Various [PPN]X (PPN(+) = bis(triphenylphosphoranylidene)ammonium) cocatalysts, where X = Cl, N(3), Br, CN, and OBzF(5), in the presence of (tmtaa)CrCl were examined for catalytic reactivity and selectivity for polycarbonate formation, achieving turnover frequencies of 1500 h(-1) at 80 degrees C in the case of PPNCl. The catalyst system was examined under varied pressures and found to be active even at 1 bar of CO(2) pressure. In addition to cyclohexene oxide, the (tmtaa)CrCl complex was investigated for catalytic activity toward the coupling of carbon dioxide with propylene oxide, isobutylene oxide, 1,2-epoxyhexane, styrene oxide, and 4-vinyl cyclohexene oxide. Activation energies were found for the copolymerization reaction between cyclohexene oxide and carbon dioxide utilizing the tetramethyltetraazaannulene catalyst system to be 67.1 +/- 4.2 kJ.mol(-1) and 65.2 +/- 2.5 kJ.mol(-1) in neat epoxide and with methylene chloride cosolvent, respectively, upon monitoring these processes by in situ infrared spectroscopy. Supplementary to the studies involving (tmtaa)CrCl, electronic effects at the metal center on catalytic activity were examined through derivatization of the tmtaa ligand, resulting in increased activity as electron-donating substituents were added.
Optimized Load Modulation Network for Doherty Power Amplifier Performance Enhancement (2012)

In this paper, a new load modulation network (LMN) is proposed for the Doherty power amplifier (DPA). By adjusting the transmission line characteristic impedances in the LMN, efficiency degradation due to the incomplete load modulation caused by the current unbalance between sub-amplifiers can be alleviated. Comprehensive theoretical analysis is conducted to investigate the impact of imperfect current profile on the overall efficiency and give rise to the judicious solution. To validate the new theory, two DPA prototypes based on GaAs pseudomorphic HEMTs are implemented for comparative purposes. Measurement results show that 8% and 13% greater power-added efficiency values are achieved at saturation and 6-dB output back-off point with the proposed method when compared with that of the conventional one. Additionally, the output 1-dB compression point is also improved by 2.9 dB. In particular, to the best of the authors' knowledge, this work provides a solution to address the inherent lower current driving ability for the peaking amplifier directly at the output part of a single-input DPA.
Parkinson's disease, insulin resistance and novel agents of neuroprotection (2012)

Multiple avenues of research including epidemiology, molecular genetics and cell biology have identified links between Parkinson's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Several recent discoveries have highlighted common cellular pathways that potentially relate neurodegenerative processes with abnormal mitochondrial function and abnormal glucose metabolism. This includes converging evidence identifying that peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α, a key regulator of enzymes involved in mitochondrial respiration and insulin resistance, is potentially pivotal in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. This evidence supports further study of these pathways, most importantly to identify neuroprotective agents for Parkinson's disease, and/or establish more effective prevention or treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus. In parallel with these advances, there are already randomized trials evaluating several established treatments for insulin resistance (pioglitazone and exenatide) as possible disease modifying drugs in Parkinson's disease, with only preliminary insights regarding their mechanisms of action in neurodegeneration, which may be effective in both disease processes through an action on mitochondrial function. Furthermore, parallels are also emerging between these same pathways and neurodegeneration associated with Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease. Our aim is to highlight this converging evidence and stimulate further hypothesis-testing studies specifically with reference to the potential development of novel neuroprotective agents in Parkinson's disease.
Synthesis of Strontium Barium Niobate Thin Films through Metal Alkoxide (1996)

Highly oriented Sr 0.5 Ba 0.5 Nb 2 O 6 (SBN50) thin films have been prepared using a sol‐gel method. A homogeneous and stable strontium barium niobate (Sr 1‐x Ba x Nb 2 O 6 , SBN) precursor solution could be prepared via the reaction control of metal alkoxides. The SBN precursor was stabilized by the coordination of the 2‐ethoxyethoxy group to metals. SBN thin films on MgO(100) crystallized to a mixture of orthorhombic and tetragonal phase at 700°C and then transformed completely to the tetragonal phase of tungsten bronze at 1000°C. Two crystal lattice planes of SBN were intergrown at an orientation of 18.5° on MgO(100). SBN50 thin films on Pt(100)/MgO(100) substrates exhibited the P‐E hysteresis.
Clinically significant pharmacokinetic drug interactions with psychoactive drugs: antidepressants and antipsychotics and the cytochrome P450 system (1999)

Psychotherapeutic drugs (antipsychotics and antidepressants) are widely used for treating anxiety. Many psychotherapeutic drugs are metabolized mainly by cytochrome P450 (CYP)2C19 and CYP2D6, and are often administered with other drugs. Therefore, it is necessary to be careful when co-administering psychotherapeutic drugs whose metabolism might be inhibited by other drugs. In particular, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) inhibit the metabolism of psychotherapeutic drugs mediated by CYP2C19 and CYP2D6. It is useful to phenotype CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 (extensive metabolizers or poor metabolizers) before giving such medication. Knowledge of substrates, inhibitors and inducers of CYP isoenzymes may help clinicians to anticipate and avoid psychotherapeutic drug interactions and improve rational prescribing practices. In addition, genotyping for these drugs may be also useful in preventing side-effects.
CX <sub>3</sub> CR1-Mediated Dendritic Cell Access to the Intestinal Lumen and Bacterial Clearance (2005)

Dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages are critical to innate and adaptive immunity to the intestinal bacterial microbiota. Here, we identify a myeloid-derived mucosal DC in mice, which populates the entire lamina propria of the small intestine. Lamina propria DCs were found to depend on the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 to form transepithelial dendrites, which enable the cells to directly sample luminal antigens. CX3CR1 was also found to control the clearance of entero-invasive pathogens by DCs. Thus, CX3CR1-dependent processes, which control host interactions of specialized DCs with commensal and pathogenic bacteria, may regulate immunological tolerance and inflammation.
Identification and isolation of human epithelial cell colonies that express specific gene products. (1995)

A new and simple method for the identification and isolation of human cell clones expressing specific gene products is presented. This technique is analogous to the colony blotting techniques described for prokaryotes. In this technique, human epithelial cells are grown in tissue-culture dishes, and cells from the colonies on the dish are transferred in situ to a high-density cationized quaternary amine-charged nylon membrane. The membrane can then be processed multiple times, using antibody and/or nucleic acid probes, for the identification of those cells producing the desired protein, mRNA or DNA sequence. Once identified, the desired cell colony is isolated for expansion, direct DNA sequencing and/or cell function. We demonstrate the potential of the technique by identifying and isolating colonies of replicating normal human liver hepatocytes producing albumin and keratin.
MXene‐on‐Paper Coplanar Microsupercapacitors (2016)

A simple and scalable direct laser machining process to fabricate MXene‐on‐paper coplanar microsupercapacitors is reported. Commercially available printing paper is employed as a platform in order to coat either hydrofluoric acid‐etched or clay‐like 2D Ti 3 C 2 MXene sheets, followed by laser machining to fabricate thick‐film MXene coplanar electrodes over a large area. The size, morphology, and conductivity of the 2D MXene sheets are found to strongly affect the electrochemical performance due to the efficiency of the ion‐electron kinetics within the layered MXene sheets. The areal performance metrics of Ti 3 C 2 MXene‐on‐paper microsupercapacitors show very competitive power‐energy densities, comparable to the reported state‐of‐the‐art paper‐based microsupercapacitors. Various device architectures are fabricated using the MXene‐on‐paper electrodes and successfully demonstrated as a micropower source for light emitting diodes. The MXene‐on‐paper electrodes show promise for flexible on‐paper energy storage devices.
Nd/sup 3 +/ optical centers in lutecium, yttrium, and scandium silicate crystals and their spontaneous and stimulated emission (1986)

A spectral-luminescence investigation of lutecium, yttrium, and scandium oxyortho- and pyrosilicate crystals activated with neodymium was performed. The Stark structure of the terms of the neodymium ion in these crystals was determined, and two types of luminescence centers were delineated corresponding to different coordination of the neodymium ion. The regularity of the change of the value of the Stark splitting of the neodymium terms in the series Lu, Y, Sc connected with the change of the ion-ligand distance in the given crystal lattice was established. The values of the quadratic invariants of the crystal field for lutecium, yttrium, and scandium oxyortho- and pyrosilicates were determined. The intensity of the luminescence spectra was investigated. For Y/sub 2/SiO/sub 5/:Nd/sup 3 +/ the Judd intensity parameters were determined: ..cap omega../sub 2/ -- 0.67 x 10/sup -20/ cm/sup 2/, ..cap omega../sub 4/ -- 6.19 x 10/sup -20/ cm/sup 2/ and ..cap omega../sub 6/ -- 2.71 x 10/sup -20/ cm/sup 2/. Stimulated emission of the neodymium ions was obtained in crystals with the silicate structures at room temperature under lamp pumping. It was concluded that oxyortho- and pyrosilicate crystals activated with neodymium are promising for use as active media generating stimulated emission in the 1.057-1.08-..mu..mmore » (/sup 4/F/sub 3//sub ///sub 2/..-->../sup 4/I/sub 11//sub ///sub 2/ transition) and 1.357-1.363-..mu..m (/sup 4/F/sub 3//sub ///sub 2/..-->../sup 4/I/sub 13//sub ///sub 2/ transition) regions.« less
Endoscopic total layer resection with laparoscopic sentinel node dissection and defect closure for duodenal carcinoid. (2005)

Tiny duodenal carcinoid is easily treated by endoscopic mucosal resection method. On the other hand, this tumor develops in the deeper layer of the mucosa, therefore it invades like a submucosal tumor. The resection of the total layer is sometimes needed to get a tumor-free margin. Moreover, lymph node metastasis is not predicted only by tumor size. Laparoscopic surgery is less invasive compared with conventional open surgery. We describe a new method, endoscopic total layer resection with laparoscopic sentinel node dissection and defect closure. This type of combined method should be performed in order to help decide whether to convert to conventional lymph node dissection, or not.
Results on non-uniform error correction using low-density parity-check codes (2004)

We propose a technique for designing low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes over non-uniform channels. In particular, we investigate LDPC codes for volume holographic memory (VHM) systems. We show that the proposed coding scheme for holographic memories has an easy design procedure and results in efficient codes. An important property of the proposed technique is that we can design simple codes whose performance is close to the Shannon limit, while they are very good in terms of the error floor effect. We also derive a capacity bound and the stability condition for the proposed codes over the binary erasure channel. We briefly discuss other applications like punctured codes, OFDM systems and multilevel coding.
Highly Flexible Electronics from Scalable Vertical Thin Film Transistors (2014)

Flexible thin-film transistors (TFTs) are of central importance for diverse electronic and particularly macroelectronic applications. The current TFTs using organic or inorganic thin film semiconductors are usually limited by either poor electrical performance or insufficient mechanical flexibility. Here, we report a new design of highly flexible vertical TFTs (VTFTs) with superior electrical performance and mechanical robustness. By using the graphene as a work-function tunable contact for amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) thin film, the vertical current flow across the graphene-IGZO junction can be effectively modulated by an external gate potential to enable VTFTs with a highest on-off ratio exceeding 10(5). The unique vertical transistor architecture can readily enable ultrashort channel devices with very high delivering current and exceptional mechanical flexibility. With large area graphene and IGZO thin film available, our strategy is intrinsically scalable for large scale integration of VTFT arrays and logic circuits, opening up a new pathway to highly flexible macroelectronics.
An Efficient and Facile Synthesis of Novel 3-Benzoyl-3,4-dihydro-2<i>H</i>-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidines (1998)

The condensation of 1-aryl-2-dimethylaminomethylprop-2-en-1-ones 4 with 2-aminopyridines 5 gives rise to the 3-benzoyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidines 3. The reaction is initiated by addition of the pyridine amino group to the enone double bond, followed by deamination and ring closure to give the anellated pyrimidine ring system, which is an excellent precursor for the synthesis of pharmacological active compounds.
The Dilemmas of Commemoration (1999)

A few weeks after the founding of the Federal Republic of Germany in May 1949, American High Commissioner John McCloy addressed an assembly of representatives from the West German Jewish community. In a much-discussed speech, he emphasized the central importance of public recollection of the crimes of the Third Reich for the political culture of the young republic. In particular, said McCloy, the relationship of West Germany towards the Jews would be “one of the real touchstones and the test of Germany’s progress toward the light. The moment that Germany has forgotten the Buchenwalds and Auschwitzes, that was the point at which everyone could begin to despair of any progress in Germany.”
On the Theory of Corrugated Optical Disk Waveguides (1980)

The corrugated disk dielectric waveguide is investigated by considering a linear combination of orthogonal wavefunctions of the uncorrugated device. It is shown that, just as in the case of corrugated planar slab waveguides, codirectional as well as contradirectional coupling of guided modes is possible. Some potential applications of the device are discussed and device parameters are investigated for specific waveguide materials.
Radio resource control scheme for machine-to-machine communication in LTE infrastructure (2012)

Mechanism to support a massive number of machine-type-communication (MTC) devices in machine-to-machine (M2M) communication is crucial, because simultaneous concurrent transmission from massive MTC device yield in traffic congestion. This paper will tackle the congestion problem in Radio Access Network (RAN) that is happened in evolved Node-B (eNB) of Long Term Evolution (LTE) network. An adaptive mechanism to schedule the usage of radio resource is proposed, so that the congestion is alleviated. The mechanism ensures the network availability while targeting to maintain low delay and constant throughput. This mechanism facilitates devices to avoid continuous congestion in the next attempt of access.
Hierarchical Interference Mitigation for Massive MIMO Cellular Networks (2014)

We propose a hierarchical interference mitigation scheme for massive MIMO cellular networks. The MIMO precoder at each base station (BS) is partitioned into an inner precoder and an outer precoder. The inner precoder controls the intra-cell interference and is adaptive to local channel state information (CSI) at each BS (CSIT). The outer precoder controls the inter-cell interference and is adaptive to channel statistics. Such hierarchical precoding structure reduces the number of pilot symbols required for CSI estimation in massive MIMO downlink and is robust to the backhaul latency. We study joint optimization of the outer precoders, the user selection, and the power allocation to maximize a general concave utility which has no closed-form expression. We first apply random matrix theory to obtain an approximated problem with closed-form objective. Then using the hidden convexity of the problem, we propose an iterative algorithm to find the optimal solution for the approximated problem. We also obtain a low complexity algorithm with provable convergence. Simulations show that the proposed design has significant gain over various state-of-the-art baselines.
Fibered fluorescence microscopy (FFM) of intra epidermal nerve fibers--translational marker for peripheral neuropathies in preclinical research: processing and analysis of the data (2008)

Peripheral neuropathy can be caused by diabetes or AIDS or be a side-effect of chemotherapy. Fibered Fluorescence Microscopy (FFM) is a recently developed imaging modality using a fiber optic probe connected to a laser scanning unit. It allows for in-vivo scanning of small animal subjects by moving the probe along the tissue surface. In preclinical research, FFM enables non-invasive, longitudinal in vivo assessment of intra epidermal nerve fibre density in various models for peripheral neuropathies. By moving the probe, FFM allows visualization of larger surfaces, since, during the movement, images are continuously captured, allowing to acquire an area larger then the field of view of the probe. For analysis purposes, we need to obtain a single static image from the multiple overlapping frames. We introduce a mosaicing procedure for this kind of video sequence. Construction of mosaic images with sub-pixel alignment is indispensable and must be integrated into a global consistent image aligning. An additional motivation for the mosaicing is the use of overlapping redundant information to improve the signal to noise ratio of the acquisition, because the individual frames tend to have both high noise levels and intensity inhomogeneities. For longitudinal analysis, mosaics captured at different times must be aligned as well. For alignment, global correlation-based matching is compared with interest point matching. Use of algorithms working on multiple CPU's (parallel processor/cluster/grid) is imperative for use in a screening model.
Elevated Src kinase activity attenuates tamoxifen response in vitro and is associated with poor prognosis clinically. (2009)

Activated Src kinase may contribute to the progression and spread of breast cancers and recent in vitro evidence suggests a role for Src in acquired endocrine resistance. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether modulation of Src activity in endocrine-sensitive and endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells directly affected their phenotype and sensitivity to 4-hydroxy Tamoxifen (tamoxifen) and to determine whether Src activity in breast cancer tissue affected patient outcome. Expression of constitutively active Src in ER-positive, endocrine-sensitive MCF7 breast cancer cells resulted in the development of an aggressive phenotype, akin to that previously observed in cell models of Tamoxifen resistance, and, significantly, attenuated their response to tamoxifen. Conversely, expression of dominant negative-Src in tamoxifen-resistant MCF7 cells resensitized them to tamoxifen. An exploratory immunohistochemical study of an archival primary breast tumor series (n = 75) with parallel clinicopathological data and in normal breast tissues (n = 19) revealed higher levels of activated Src in the cytoplasm (p < 0.01) and lower levels of nuclear Src (p < 0.01) in tumor tissue compared with normal tissue. Whereas elevated levels of activated-Src in the cytoplasm of tumors was significantly associated with reduced survival in ER+ patients (p = 0.031), elevated levels of activated Src within the nucleus appeared to associate with an improved hormonal response. Together these data are further suggestive of a role for Src in breast cancer where it may alter response to endocrine therapy.