gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reliability mechanism of the unprogrammed amorphous silicon antifuse (1994)

The electrical properties of the unprogrammed metal electrode amorphous silicon antifuse has been characterized. A model is proposed for the reliability mechanism. During a voltage stress, the leakage current through the antifuse creates localized states which increase the leakage current from 1 nA to tens of nA. The effect eventually saturates and can be annealed out. The amorphous silicon antifuse does not have a catastrophic failure mechanism such as the Time Dependent Dielectric Breakdown found in dielectric antifuses. The increase in the amorphous silicon antifuse leakage current is predictable and reproducible. The increase does not effect the reliability of the Field Programmable Gate Array which uses this antifuse as a programmable interconnect. The FPGA product has been stressed for 200 million equivalent device hours with a 7.0 volt static burn in with no failures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Preventing Rapid Receptor Desensitization at the Β-Adrenergic Receptor with Agonist/Antagonist Combinations (2003)

Desensitization is a serious side effect of many drugs and is also a fundamental problem for modeling drug-receptor interactions. Although there has been very little theoretical or experimental work to describe the pharmacological effects of agonist/antagonist combinations, this study was designed to test both a theoretical model and a specific method to prevent rapid receptor desensitization by using agonist/antagonist combinations. Preventing desensitization may have relevance for many important drugs, including the s-adrenergic agonist drugs, which desensitize yet are frequently used in medical practice to promote increased heart rate and contractility. Because desensitization is a serious side effect, these drugs are no longer the logical or preferred treatment for heart failure. Subsequently, the s-antagonist drugs such as metoprolol (Lopressor) have replaced the s-adrenergic agonist drugs as a standard treatment for heart failure. From this perspective, it is important to understand how the s-agonist drugs interact with the s-antagonist drugs at the level of the initial receptor response.The s-agonist drugs (isoproterenol (Iso) or dobutamine (Dob)) were given as intravenous (IV) solutions to rats with or without the s-antagonist, metoprolol (Met), which was given either as a fixed amount or as part of a specific agonist/antagonist ratio. The initial experiments demonstrated that desensitization occurred for all of the animals receiving either the Iso or Dob solutions alone. The theoretical model fit these initial experiments with biophysical parameters, which were then used in calculateing a specific agonist/antagonist ratio for making the agonist/antagonist combination solution to prevent desensitization. Both the Iso/Met and Dob/Met agonist/antagonist combination solutions significantly prevented desensitization while maintaining near maximal responses in all of the animals tested. This theoretical model predicted these responses and fit the experimental data with reasonable biophysical parameters.This study supports the concept that the earliest events of receptor desensitization can be modeled and controlled at the level of the initial receptor response. The theoretical model appears to be the only model capable of describing this behavior with reasonable biophysical parameters. This explanation for rapid desensitization suggests that the beneficial effects of metoprolol for heart failure may result from its action on the initial events of receptor activation. This method may also be useful for describing and preventing desensitization in other drugs that desensitize their receptors.
Adsorption of a soluble dye polymer onto spread monolayers (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdsorption of a soluble dye polymer onto spread monolayersKazuya Asano, Kenjiro Miyano, Hiroki Ui, Masatsugu Shimomura, and Yoshihisa OhtaCite this: Langmuir 1993, 9, 12, 3587–3593Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00036a039https://doi.org/10.1021/la00036a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views123Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optical pulse compression on a silicon chip—Effect of group velocity dispersion and free carriers (2012)

The effect of group velocity dispersion and free carrier lifetime on pulse quality and nonlinear phase acquisition is studied in a two-stage pulse compressor on a silicon chip. Appropriately, designing the dispersion in the nonlinear medium enables compressed pulses with more than 90% of the pulse energy confined in the main lobe to be generated. Free carrier lifetime is observed to impact nonlinear phase acquisition in the single pulse regime. The pulse compression factor decreases monotonically as the pulse repetition rate increases. Conditions for efficient compression at high repetition rates in the absence of free carrier quenching techniques are discussed.
A monolithic high power Ka-band PIN switch (2003)

A high-power Ka-band single-pole double-throw (SPDT) switch using monolithic GaAs epitaxial p-i-n diode technology is presented. The switch uses epitaxial vertical p-i-n diode structures in a shunt configuration optimized for low loss and high isolation under high power signal conditions. The vertical epitaxial structure provides lower RF impedance under forward bias and superior power handling capability. An additional feature of the circuit is the location of the p-i-n diode directly underneath the RF line, which improves isolation and increases bandwidth. Insertion loss is 0.7 dB at 35 GHz, and isolation is better than 32 dB from 30 to 40 GHz. The power-handling capability is at least +38 dBm pulsed and +35 dBm CW. Switching speed rise and fall times are 2 ns.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Typhi live vector vaccines finally come of age (2009)

Attenuated Salmonella Typhi vaccine strains hold great promise as live vectors for presentation of foreign antigens from unrelated bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens to the immune system. Although this approach has proved quite successful in experimental animal models for eliciting antigen-specific mucosal, humoral and cellular responses, results have been disappointing for clinical trials carried out thus far. We hypothesize that the paucity of human responses to foreign antigens delivered by live vectors suggests that the strains and genetic approaches used to date have resulted in overattenuated vaccine strains with severely reduced immunogenicity. However, remarkable advances have now been made in the genetics of foreign antigen expression, understanding mechanisms of live vector immunity and refining immunization strategies. The time has now come for development of multivalent live vectors in which stable antigen expression and export is balanced with metabolic fitness to create highly immunogenic vaccines.
Overexpression of two transcriptional factors, Kin28 and Pog1, suppresses the stress sensitivity caused by the<i>rsp5</i>mutation in<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2007)

Rsp5 is an essential and multi-functional E3 ubiquitin ligase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The Ala401Glu rsp5 mutant, which is hypersensitive to various stresses, was isolated previously. To understand the function of Rsp5 in stress responses, suppressor genes whose overexpression allows rsp5(A401E) cells to grow at a high temperature were screened. The KIN28 and POG1 genes, encoding a subunit of the transcription factor TFIIH and a putative transcriptional activator, respectively, were identified as multicopy suppressors of not only high temperature but also LiCl stresses. The overexpression of Kin28 and Pog1 in rsp5(A401E) cells led to an increase in the transcriptional level of some stress proteins when exposed to a temperature up-shift. Based on DNA microarray analysis under LiCl stress, it appears that the transcriptional level of some proteasome components is slightly increased in rsp5(A401E) cells overexpressing Kin28 or Pog1. These results suggest that the overexpression of Kin28 and Pog1 enhances the protein refolding and degradation pathways in rsp5(A401E) cells.
PCFS: Power Credit Based Fair Scheduler Under DVFS for Muliticore Virtualization Platform (2010)

In the area of system architecture, there are two most significant trends: multi-core and system virtualization technology. Both of them have quite close relationship with energy efficient computing. Industry turns to integrate more cores on a single chip instead of increasing frequency to solve the heat problem. Meanwhile system virtualization could decrease the total power consumption by sharing the same platform among different operating systems. So the necessity of power management on the multi-core virtualization platform has become increasingly evident. However, traditional virtual machine monitor schedulers could not make efficient use of DVFS, and thus could not take it into considering that the guest OSes may run at different frequency. In order to address this problem, this paper designs a power efficient scheduler which uses the load and the power level of the guest OSes as feedback, and implements a prototype based on Xen virtual machine monitor. This scheduler allocates power credit to VCPU of each guest OS, accounts the power consumption of VCPU sat different speed levels and makes scheduler decision by integrating it to the credit oriented to CPU time slice sharing. It also uses utilization of processors as feedback and sets frequency according to the load change trends instead of the simple static relationship between load and frequency policies, so as to decrease the speed steps required by response to burst load change. Experiment results show that the scheduling fairness of guest OS improved when using DVFS as main power saving method, and the power consumption of the whole system can be reduced by 5 percent - 30 percent. Therefore, this framework for feedback scheduling could make efficient use of varieties of power saving methods and maintain ideal balance between overall system power saving and single core over heat.
A cyclin-D1 interaction with BAX underlies its oncogenic role and potential as a therapeutic target in mantle cell lymphoma (2011)

The chromosomal translocation t(11;14)(q13;q32) leading to cyclin-D1 overexpression plays an essential role in the development of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), an aggressive tumor that remains incurable with current treatment strategies. Cyclin-D1 has been postulated as an effective therapeutic target, but the evaluation of this target has been hampered by our incomplete understanding of its oncogenic functions and by the lack of valid MCL murine models. To address these issues, we generated a cyclin-D1-driven mouse model in which cyclin-D1 expression can be regulated externally. These mice developed cyclin-D1-expressing lymphomas capable of recapitulating features of human MCL. We found that cyclin-D1 inactivation was not sufficient to induce lymphoma regression in vivo; however, using a combination of in vitro and in vivo assays, we identified a novel prosurvival cyclin-D1 function in MCL cells. Specifically, we found that cyclin-D1, besides increasing cell proliferation through deregulation of the cell cycle at the G(1)-S transition, sequestrates the proapoptotic protein BAX in the cytoplasm, thereby favoring BCL2's antiapoptotic function. Accordingly, cyclin-D1 inhibition sensitized the lymphoma cells to apoptosis through BAX release. Thus, genetic or pharmacologic targeting of cyclin-D1 combined with a proapoptotic BH3 mimetic synergistically killed the cyclin-D1-expressing murine lymphomas, human MCL cell lines, and primary lymphoma cells. Our study identifies a role of cyclin-D1 in deregulating apoptosis in MCL cells, and highlights the potential benefit of simultaneously targeting cyclin-D1 and survival pathways in patients with MCL. This effective combination therapy also might be exploited in other cyclin-D1-expressing tumors.
T and B lymphocytes in patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH). (1977)

Absolute numbers of T and B lymphocytes as well as active E rosette-forming cells were measured in twenty-seven patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH), and in thirty control patients. In patients with CAH without cirrhosis, active E rosette-forming cells (a subpopulation of T lymphocytes considered to be actively involved in cell-mediated immune reactions) as well as lymphocytes with surface markers for IgA, IgM and IgG were increased. In patients with CAH and cirrhosis, total T lymphocytes were decreased. These results emphasize the significance of lymphocytes in CAH, and suggest the importance of monitoring T- and B-cell populations in patients with this disease.
A reflective microring notch filter and sensor (2009)

We present a new design of wavelength selective reflector composed of a Y junction and a singly coupled microring resonator, and demonstrate its biochemical sensing applications with a prototype device. In contrast with other reflectors like distributed Bragg reflectors, this device acts as notch filter at its reflection port. One promising application of the device is for remote sensing of harsh or inaccessible site, where only one optical fiber is required to transmit the input and reflected light signal over a long distance. The design can also be used to make microring cavity lasers.
Protection of Corn (<i>Zea mays</i>) and Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i>) from Imazethapyr Toxicity with Antidotes (1989)

Antidotes were evaluated under greenhouse conditions for their ability to prevent injury to corn and sorghum from imazethapyr. Corn was more tolerant to imazethapyr and more effectively protected from imazethapyr toxicity than sorghum. Naphthalic anhydride (NA) 3 , CGA 92194, or flurazole treatment of corn seed reduced plant injury from preemergence applications of imazethapyr. Corn injury from postemergence applications of imazethapyr was decreased by seed treatment with NA or CGA 92194. Sorghum injury from preemergence applications of imazethapyr was not reduced by seed treatment with the antidotes. NA treatment of sorghum seed was the most effective antidote treatment for decreasing injury from postemergence applications of imazethapyr but the level of sorghum protection was much less than that achieved with corn. Corn seedlings grown from NA-treated and untreated seed absorbed equal amounts of 14 C into the roots from nutrient solution containing 14 C-imazethapyr. The NA-treated corn plants translocated less of the absorbed 14 C to the shoots than the untreated plants. NA treatment of corn seeds increased the rate of imazethapyr conversion to soluble metabolites 2-and 10-fold in the corn seedling roots and shoots, respectively. The increased rate of imazethapyr metabolism in corn following NA seed treatment may be responsible for the protection from imazethapyr toxicity.
Sterling, the Euro and the Dollar (2002)

In the period of floating exchange rates a distinct dollar—D-mark polarisation was noted, whereby periods of weakness for some European currencies relative to the dollar coincided with periods of strength relative to the Deutsche mark and vice versa. The relationship continued to be observed for those currencies such as sterling which remained outside the Exchange Rate Mechanism for most of the period. The observation, although more ‘an empirical regularity in search of a theory’ than a model (Buiter et al. , 1998) seems reasonably robust; recently the dollar has fallen sharply against sterling while the euro has risen. An analysis of this relationship and its stability is important because it provides a guide as to how the euro might be expected to move against sterling as a part of any adjustment against the US dollar. In turn it sheds some light on the degree to which a dollar depreciation might affect Britain inside the Euro Area.
Dissemination of collection wide information in a distributed information retrieval system (1995)

We find that dissemination of collection wide information (CWI) in a distributed collection of documents is needed to achieve retrieval effectiveness comparable to a centralized collection. Complete dissemination is unnecessary. The required dissemination level depends upon how documents are allocated among sites. Low dissemination is needed for random document allocation, but higher levels are needed when documents are allocated based on content. We define parameters to control dissemination and document allocation and present results from four test collections.
High T<sub>c</sub> Thin Films of (La<sub>1-x</sub>M<sub>x</sub>)<sub>y</sub>CuO<sub>4-δ</sub> (M=Sr, Ba, Ca) Prepared by Sputtering (1987)

Sputtering of (La 1- x Sr x ) y CuO 4-δ has produced superconducting oxide films which have higher T c values than any other oxide superconducting films so far prepared : T c onset at 36 K and the temperature of zero resistivity at 17 K have been achieved. Superconduction was also observed in the films with partial substitution of Sr in (La 1- x Sr x ) y CuO 4-δ by Ba or Ca. The Meissner effect was confirmed by the measurement of dc magnetic susceptibility on the film specimen having the zero resistivity temperature of 17 K.
Studies on the Energy Metabolism of Human Leukocytes II. Mechanism of the Pasteur Effect in Human Leukocytes (1968)

Abstract 1. The control of glycolysis by respiration in normal human leukocytes was studied under conditions in which a Pasteur effect was present and under conditions in which this effect was lost. 2. There was a 20-50 per cent Pasteur effect in leukocytes isolated by dextran sedimentation of heparinized blood and suspended in isologous serum. Crossover point analysis of glycolytic intermediates indicate that phosphofructokinase becomes rate-limiting for aerobic glycolysis and that this enzyme is primarily responsible for the Pasteur effect. 3. Studies on the activity of PFK in leukocyte homogenates showed that this enzyme is competitively inhibited by ATP and reactivated by ADP and Pi. The concentrations of these compounds which significantly effect PFK activity in homogenates fall within the range found in intact cells. The differences in PFK activity in intact cells under anaerobic and aerobic conditions can therefore be attributed to allosteric effects caused by an increase in the concentration of ATP on transition to aerobic conditions, with concomitant decreases in the levels of ADP and Pi. 4. Leukocytes isolated by the same procedure but suspended in an artificial medium rather than serum did not show a Pasteur effect. There were no differences between the aerobic and anaerobic concentrations of ATP, ADP, and Pi, and there was no control point at PFK. It is suggested that a change in respiratory function is responsible for the altered control of glycolysis in leukocytes suspended in nonserum media.
Mutagenesis Analysis of the nsp4 Main Proteinase Reveals Determinants of Arterivirus Replicase Polyprotein Autoprocessing (2006)

Nonstructural protein 4 (nsp4; 204 amino acids) is the chymotrypsin-like serine main proteinase of the arterivirus Equine arteritis virus (order Nidovirales), which controls the maturation of the replicase complex. nsp4 includes a unique C-terminal domain (CTD) connected to the catalytic two-beta-barrel structure by the poorly conserved residues 155 and 156. This dipeptide might be part of a hinge region (HR) that facilitates interdomain movements and thereby regulates (in time and space) autoprocessing of replicase polyproteins pp1a and pp1ab at eight sites that are conserved in arteriviruses. To test this hypothesis, we characterized nsp4 proteinase mutants carrying either point mutations in the putative HR domain or a large deletion in the CTD. When tested in a reverse genetics system, three groups of mutants were recognized (wild-type-like, debilitated, and dead), which was in line with the expected impact of mutations on HR flexibility. When tested in a transient expression system, the effects of the mutations on the production and turnover of replicase proteins varied widely. They were cleavage product specific and revealed a pronounced modulating effect of moieties derived from the nsp1-3 region of pp1a. Mutations that were lethal affected the efficiency of polyprotein autoprocessing most strongly. These mutants may be impaired in the accumulation of nsp5-7 and/or suffer from delayed or otherwise perturbed processing at the nsp5/6 and nsp6/7 junctions. On average, the production of nsp7-8 seems to be the most resistant to debilitating nsp4 mutations. Our results further prove that the CTD is essential for a vital nsp4 property other than catalysis.
Gemcitabine in the Treatment of Refractory Hodgkin’s Disease: Results of a Multicenter Phase II Study (2000)

Gemcitabine was shown to be active in heavily pretreated patients with Hodgkin's disease, producing a response rate of 39%. Additionally, drug-related toxicities were mild, which thus suggests the possible inclusion of gemcitabine in an earlier phase of treatment.
Neuronal tracing with DiI: decalcification, cryosectioning, and photoconversion for light and electron microscopic analysis. (1990)

The molecule 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) is a fluorescent dye which diffuses within cell membranes. The properties of DiI diffusion and fluorescence are maintained in aldehyde-fixed tissue, thereby allowing selective neuronal tracing post mortem. We describe three modifications of this tracing method. First, while DiL diffuses along neuronal membranes the tissue can be decalcified in EDTA at 37 degrees C. Tracing in decalcified tissue extends the possible application of the DiI technique to the investigation of neuronal tissue enclosed in bony structures. Second, we describe a protocol that allows sectioning of DiI-injected tissue on a cryostat with minimal subsequent spread of DiI in dried sections. Third, we demonstrate that DiI label of fluorescent neurons in cryosections as well as Vibratome sections can be photo-oxidated and converted to a stable diaminobenzidine reaction product. The photo-converted DiI label is electron dense and allows analysis of labeled cell bodies and processes at the electron microscopic level. DiI does not stay confined to the surface cell membrane in fixed tissue but reaches internal organelles, presumably via membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum, and concentrates in microsomal structures adjacent to mitochondria. Photoconversion of DiI label is compatible with gold immunocytochemistry. Long-term incubation and subsequent photoconversion of post-mortem DiI-labeled neurons provides remarkable tissue preservation at the ultrastructural level.