gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the electromagnetic near-field absorption in layered biological tissue in the frequency range from 30 MHz to 6000 MHz (2006)

Currently, standards for the compliance testing of wireless devices are being extended to cover a wider frequency band and different usage patterns of mobile phones as well as of novel body-worn and handheld devices. As a consequence, not only the head but also strongly varying tissue distributions of the body are exposed to electromagnetic radiation. Several authors have reported changes in the SAR absorption of body tissue due to the presence of a low permittivity fat layer. This paper identifies two different effects which can lead to increased SAR in layered tissue in comparison to the SAR assessed using homogeneous tissue simulating liquid: (1) for larger distances between the tissue and the antenna, standing wave effects occur depending on the frequency and fat layer thickness. (2) In the very close near-field (distances approximately lambda/40), reactive E-field components lead to high local absorption in the skin. The latter effect occurs at lower frequencies and depends on the antenna type. Modification of the parameters of the homogeneous liquids cannot compensate for these effects. However, a conservative exposure estimate can be obtained by applying a multiplication factor between 1 and 3 to the values assessed using current experimental dosimetric techniques.
Mechanism of antithrombin III inhibition of factor VIIa/tissue factor activity on cell surfaces. Comparison with tissue factor pathway inhibitor/factor Xa-induced inhibition of factor VIIa/tissue factor activity (1995)

Recent studies have shown that antithrombin III (AT III)/heparin is capable of inhibiting the catalytic activity of factor VIIa bound either to relipidated tissue factor (TF) in suspension or to TF expressed on cell surfaces. We report studies of the mechanism of which by AT III inhibits factor VIIa bound to cell surface TF and compare this inhibitory mechanism with that of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)-induced inhibition of factor VIIa/TF. AT III alone and AT III/heparin to a greater extent reduced factor VIIa bound to cell surface TF. Our data show that the decrease in the amount of factor VIIa associated with cell surface TF in the presence of AT III was the result of (1) accelerated dissociation of factor VIIa from cell surface TF after the binding of AT III to factor VIIa/TF complexes and (2) the inability of the resultant free factor VIIa-AT III complexes to bind effectively to a new cell surface TF site. Binding of TFPI/factor Xa to cell surface factor VIIa/TF complexes markedly decreased the dissociation of factor VIIa from the resultant quaternary complex of factor VIIa/TF/TFPI/factor Xa. Addition of high concentrations of factor VIIa could reverse the AT III-induced inhibition of cell surface factor VIIa/TF activity but not TFPI/factor Xa-induced inhibition of factor VIIa/TF activity.
<i>In vitro</i> growth of B lymphocytes infiltrating human melanoma tissue by transformation with EBV: evidence for secretion of anti-melanoma antibodies by some transformed cells. (1983)

Epstein Barr virus was used to transform the B lymphocytes infiltrating metastatic tumor tissue from seven patients with melanoma. In this way it was possible to establish continuously growing B lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) derived from the tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes from each of the seven patients. Antibody production of up to 50 micrograms/ml could be achieved by such cultures, and the lymphoblastoid cells could be cloned readily by limit dilution on a feeder layer of irradiated fetal fibroblasts. Preliminary analysis of the antibodies produced by lymphoblastoid cell lines established from tumors from two of the patients indicated that most were of IgM type and bound to a panel of melanoma cell target cells, as well as to some nonmelanoma tumor cell lines. Cloned LCL were produced from the tumor-infiltrating B cells from one of the patients, and of 100 such clones tested, 9% secreted antibody that bound to autologous tumor cells, and one of these clones produced antibody that appeared to be melanoma specific.
Probing Biocatalytic Transformations with CdSe−ZnS QDs (2006)

CdSe/ZnS QDs enable the optical probing of the biocatalytic oxidation of tyrosine derivatives and of the scission of peptides by thrombin. CdSe/ZnS QDs were modified with tyrosine methyl ester or with a tyrosine-containing peptide. The tyrosine units were reacted with tyrosinase/O2 to yield the respective l-DOPA and quinone derivatives. The luminescence of QDs modified by the enzyme-generated quinone units is quenched. The quinone-functionalized peptide associated with the QDs was cleaved by thrombin, a process that restored the luminescence of the QDs.
CCVT calibration for harmonic voltage measurement by digital simulation and field test (2009)

This paper reports a CCVT calibration effort for harmonic voltage measurement purpose. A set of frequency response studies are conducted on two types of 345-kV Coupling Capacitor Voltage Transformers (CCVT). The Electro-Magnetic Transients Program (EMTP) is used to develop the CCVT model and conduct this digital simulation. The accuracy of the CCVT frequency response study result is verified through comparison of the EMTP digital simulation results with those obtained from field measurements. The comparison results demonstrate that the developed model can accurately predict CCVT frequency response, and can provide good adjustment values for harmonic measurement purpose.
Automated 3D quantitative assessment and measurement of alpha angles from the femoral head-neck junction using MR imaging (2015)

To develop an automated approach for 3D quantitative assessment and measurement of alpha angles from the femoral head-neck (FHN) junction using bone models derived from magnetic resonance (MR) images of the hip joint.Bilateral MR images of the hip joints were acquired from 30 male volunteers (healthy active individuals and high-performance athletes, aged 18–49 years) using a water-excited 3D dual echo steady state (DESS) sequence. In a subset of these subjects (18 water-polo players), additional True Fast Imaging with Steady-state Precession (TrueFISP) images were acquired from the right hip joint. For both MR image sets, an active shape model based algorithm was used to generate automated 3D bone reconstructions of the proximal femur. Subsequently, a local coordinate system of the femur was constructed to compute a 2D shape map to project femoral head sphericity for calculation of alpha angles around the FHN junction. To evaluate automated alpha angle measures, manual analyses were performed on anterosuperior and anterior radial MR slices from the FHN junction that were automatically reformatted using the constructed coordinate system.High intra- and inter-rater reliability (intra-class correlation coefficients > 0.95) was found for manual alpha angle measurements from the auto-extracted anterosuperior and anterior radial slices. Strong correlations were observed between manual and automatic measures of alpha angles for anterosuperior (r = 0.84) and anterior (r = 0.92) FHN positions. For matched DESS and TrueFISP images, there were no significant differences between automated alpha angle measures obtained from the upper anterior quadrant of the FHN junction (two-way repeated measures ANOVA, F < 0.01, p = 0.98).Our automatic 3D method analysed MR images of the hip joints to generate alpha angle measures around the FHN junction circumference with very good reliability and reproducibility. This work has the potential to improve analyses of cam-type lesions of the FHN junction for large-scale morphometric and clinical MR investigations of the human hip region.
Adaptive filtering and indexing for image databases (1995)

In this paper we combine image feature extraction with indexing techniques for efficient retrieval in large texture images databases. A 2D image signal is processed using a set of Gabor filters to derive a 120 component feature vector representing the image. The feature components are ordered based on the relative importance in characterizing a given texture pattern, and this facilitates the development of efficient indexing mechanisms. We propose three different sets of indexing features based on the best feature, the average feature and a combination of both. We investigate the tradeoff between accuracy and discriminating power using these different indexing approaches, and conclude that the combination of best feature and the average feature gives the best results.
A data readout system with high-speed serial data link for balloonborne X-ray detectors (2005)

Data size of recent balloonborne detector is growing. High speed data readout is one of the key technologies for those detectors. A parallel data bus has been used for sending data with high speed. However, it causes problems in noise, mechanical size and power consumption. We apply the serial data link for our apparatus as a replacement of the parallel data link to solve those problems. We designed the hardware and firmware based on the SpaceWire protocol. Because of simple and flexible routing protocol of SpaceWire, the system was compact and has very high modularity. The protocol is implemented on Altera's FPGAs, APEX20KE and Cyclone. The speed of the serial data link was 48-53 Mbps. The maximum data rate to the computer was 4.5 MB/s.
Within-die variation-aware dynamic-voltage-frequency scaling core mapping and thread hopping for an 80-core processor (2010)

Measured within-die core-to-core F¿¿¿ variation data for an 80-core processor in 65 nm is presented. Variation-aware DVFS with optimal core mapping is shown to improve energy efficiency 6 to 35% across a range of compute/communication activity workloads. A dynamic-thread-hopping scheme boosts performance by 5 to 10% and energy efficiency by 20 to 60%.
Evaluation of capillary reinforced composites for anti-icing (1987)

This paper discusses the evaluation of glass capillary reinforced advanced composite structures for anti-icing purposes. The concept involves embedding glass capillary tubes on the surface of a composite structure and ducting heated air through the tubes. A computer program was developed to predict the anti-icing performance of such tubes and a test program was conducted to demonstrate the actual performance of this system. Test data and analytical code results were in excellent agreement. Both indicate the feasibility of using capillary tubes for surface heating in order to combat ice accumulation on advanced composite structures.
Influence of Poly(propylene sulfide-<i>block</i>-ethylene glycol) Di- and Triblock Copolymer Architecture on the Formation of Molecular Adlayers on Gold Surfaces and Their Effect on Protein Resistance:  A Candidate for Surface Modification in Biosensor Research (2005)

Control of nonspecific interactions between bioanalytical surfaces and proteins in the analyte is critical in the design of biosensor systems. Here we explore poly(propylene sulfide-block-ethylene glycol) (PPS−PEG) di- and triblock copolymer adlayers on gold to gain such control. Chemisorption of the PPS block permits a simple dip-and-rinse coating process. We synthesized different architectures of di- and triblock copolymers, varying the molecular weight of PEG between 1.1 and 5 kDa while keeping the PPS block constant at around 4 kDa, thus permitting systematic variations in ethylene glycol surface density in the adlayer. A simple dip-and-rinse process was used to produce PPS−PEG adlayers on gold substrates, which were characterized with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and further confirmed by ex situ variable angle spectral ellipsometry (VASE), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Crowding in the PPS chemisorbed layer seemed to limit the polymer adsorption process. Subsequent exposure of PPS−PEG adlayers to protein adsorption (human serum albumin at 1 mg/mL or full-concentration human serum) was monitored with in situ SPR. Protein adsorption can be reduced up to 97% for human serum albumin and up to 96% for blood serum relative to bare gold substrates. Triblock copolymers were more effective than corresponding diblocks. The possibility to render gold surfaces bioinert is the basis for application in bioanalytical devices.
Privacy in e-commerce (1999)

Privacy is a necessary concern in electronic commerce. It is difficult, if not impossible, to complete a transaction without revealing some personal data -a shipping address, billing information, or product preference. Users may be unwilling to provide this necessary information or even to browse online if they believe their privacy is invaded or threatened.
A 1V 4.2mW fully integrated 2.5Gb/s CMOS limiting amplifier using folded active inductors (2004)

A 1V 4.2mW fully integrated 2.5Gb/s CMOS limiting amplifier is presented in this paper. Without any voltage boosting technique, this amplifier can work well as low as 1V supply voltage and is attributed to utilize folded active inductors. The folded active inductor not only consumes lower voltage headroom but also is area-efficient, compared to the conventional active and on-chip inductors, respectively. This work with the offset-canceling network has been implemented in a 0.25/spl mu/m CMOS process and occupies only 0.12mm/sup 2/. Measured performance shows 1.75GHz bandwidth with 39.9dB differential gain, and the power consumption is only about 4.2mW excluding the power consumption of the output buffer.
Neurofibromatosis type I gene mutation in a patient with features of LEOPARD syndrome (1996)

Multiple lentigines (LEOPARD) syndrome has been delineated as an autosomal dominant disorder with lentigines, cardiac abnormalities, variable mental retardation, and typical craniofacial features as the most characteristic findings. LEOPARD syndrome shows a great clinical overlap with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). In this report we describe a de novo missense mutation (M 1035R) in exon 18 of the NF1 gene in a young woman with a prior diagnosis of LEOPARD syndrome. We hypothesize that some patients now diagnosed with LEOPARD syndrome have in fact a mutation in the NF1 gene, whereas in other patients with LEOPARD syndrome, a different gene might be involved. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
DNA damaging agents improve stable gene transfer efficiency in mammalian cells (1998)

Gene therapy is an evolving discipline which today relies primarily on viral systems for gene transfer. The primary reason that plasmid vectors have not been widely used for gene therapy trials is their relatively low rate of stable gene transfer. We show here that both ionizing irradiation and hydrogen peroxide can each increase the gene transfer efficiency of plasmids. Hydrogen peroxide improves gene transfer in a linear dose-dependent manner. At equitoxic doses, hydrogen peroxide improves gene transfer by 20-fold over untreated cells and approximately 5 times above that seen for radiation, and this improvement correlates with both the total amount of DNA damage induced and the amount of residual damage after 4 hr of repair. These data suggest that DNA damaging agents may be useful to improve human gene therapy.
Synthesis of Heterocycles through a Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Tandem Ring‐Closing Metathesis/Isomerization/N‐Acyliminium Cyclization Sequence (2011)

Tandem bicycle: In the title reaction double bonds created during ring-closing metathesis isomerize to generate reactive iminium intermediates that undergo intramolecular cyclization reactions with tethered heteroatom and carbon nucleophiles. In this way, a series of biologically interesting heterocyclic compounds can be made, including a known precursor for the total synthesis of the antiparasitic natural product harmicine. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
COMBINED COLD STORAGE-PERFUSION PRESERVATION WITH A NEW SYNTHETIC PERFUSATE (1989)

Based upon encouraging experimental results, we began employing a synthetic perfusate for cadaver kidney preservation. The new perfusate contains hydroxyethyl starch (HES) as the sole colloid for oncotic support; 107 cadaver kidneys were preserved and transplanted (93 primary, 14 nonprimary) using the HES solution and were compared with our previous experience of 180 cadaver kidneys (161 primary, 19 nonprimary) preserved and transplanted utilizing an albumin-based perfusate. All cadaver kidneys were locally harvested and preserved by machine perfusion. Donor and preservation characteristics in the HES (n = 61) and the albumin (n = 101) groups were comparable, with a mean preservation time of 30.9 hr. Cold storage in combination with hypothermic pulsatile perfusion (HPP) preservation was performed more often in the HES group (68.2% vs. 31.1%, P less than 0.001). Recipient characteristics were also comparable, and all received quadruple immunosuppressive therapy with sequential/Minnesota antilymphoblast globulin/(MALG)/cyclosporine. After primary transplantation, the incidence of immediate function (82.6% vs. 89.2%), preservation-related dialysis (14.9% vs. 8.6%), and primary nonfunction (2.5% vs. 0) were similar between the 2 groups, with trends favoring the latter HES data. One-month serum creatinine (1.8 vs. 1.7 mg/dl) and graft survival (95% vs. 97.8%) also were comparable. Similar trends were present in the retransplant group, including a significantly lower 1-month serum creatinine in the HES group (2.2 vs. 1.5 mg/dl; P less than 0.05). The preservation-related dialysis rate did not differ between primary and nonprimary transplants. Primary nonfunction has not occurred with our new perfusate. Combined cold-storage-HPP preservation with HES perfusate offers advantages over standard retrieval technology and provides excellent immediate allograft function.
Indoor radio map maintenance by automatic annotation of crowdsourced Wi-Fi fingerprints (2015)

A radio map which consists of a number of Wi-Fi fingerprints has a tendency to became outdated over time. It is the result of both physical nature of the Wi-Fi signal and the variable indoor environment conditions which have an impact on received signal strength. Therefore, maintenance of the collected Wi-Fi signals data is essential for preserving quality of the Wi-Fi based positioning systems. However, usually it is the time and money consuming process. In the recent years number of solutions has been developed to address the problem. Unfortunately, in most of them human intervention is necessary. Our research concentrates on improving the quality of existing radio map by utilization of the crowdsourced Wi-Fi fingerprints that are post processed offline along with the logged pedestrian trajectory. The solution proposed in this paper focuses on the method which does not require human intervention, thus the end users do not have to report their locations. The results observed during the conducted research show the significant improvement of the positioning accuracy, in both surveyed and not surveyed locations.
Evolutionary Genetics of<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>, the Agent of Malignant Malaria (2004)

We have investigated the population structure of P. falciparum by analyzing several genes and conclude that the extant world populations of this parasite have evolved from a single strain within the past several thousand years. The evidence is based on a lack of synonymous polymorphisms among nuclear antigenic and nonantigenic genes; among introns; and among mitochondrial loci. Coalescence calculations for silent nucleotide variation converge in each case into a single ancestral allele. The extensive polymorphisms observed in the highly repetitive central region of the Csp gene, as well as the apparently very divergent two classes of alleles at the Msp-1 gene, are consistent with this conclusion.
Oral semaglutide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (2018)

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are highly potent antihyperglycemic drugs that impose low risk of hypoglycemia and also result in body weight reduction. Currently, all approved members of the class require administration by injection. Areas covered: This manuscript reviews oral semaglutide-an experimental GLP-1 receptor agonist in phase-3 clinical development. Available pharmacological and clinical data of the drug are reviewed, and important end-points described. Expert opinion: Oral peptide delivery has become possible with the discovery of absorption enhancers. The clinical development program of once-daily oral semaglutide has shown superiority in reducing glycosylated hemoglobin and body weight in comparison with placebo and active comparators (sitagliptin, liraglutide, and empagliflozin). Safety and tolerability of oral semaglutide is in line with injectable members of the class. Delayed gastric emptying, local increase in pH, and enhanced absorption do not seem to affect the exposure of a number of other oral drugs that have been tested (metformin, digoxin, oral contraceptive ethinylestradiol/levonorgestrel, lisinopril, warfarin, furosemide and rosuvastatin). Clinical questions for further investigation include the effectiveness and safety of oral semaglutide in cardiovascular indications.
Pharmacological properties of an extremely selective beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, 2-[4-[3-(tert-Butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy] phenyl]-3-methyl-6-methoxy-4(3H)-quinazolinone [+/-)HX-CH 44 BS). (1985)

2-[4-[3-(tert-Butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy] phenyl]-3-methyl-6-methoxy-4(3H)-quinazolinone (+/-)HX-CH 44 BS) is a new beta 1-selective adrenoceptor antagonist. Affinity for beta 1-adrenoceptors was determined in isolated guinea-pig papillary muscle (pA2 = 7.4), in isoprenaline-stimulated guinea-pig cardiac adenylate cyclase (pA2 = 7.3) and in receptor binding experiments with rat heart membranes (pKi = 8.0). Due to a direct relaxing action of (+/-)HX-CH 44 in smooth muscles its beta 2-affinity could only be estimated from receptor binding experiments (pKi = 5.0). (+/-)HX-CH 44 BS shows an extremely high beta 1/beta 2-affinity ratio of about 800 and therefore appears to be much more selective than atenolol or metoprolol (beta 1/beta 2 = 10-50). In contrast to propranolol or atenolol, (+/-)HX-CH 44 hardly antagonized bronchodilation induced by i.v. isoproterenol in anaesthetized guinea-pigs in vivo. Furthermore, cardiac actions of the beta 1-selective agonist norepinephrine in cats in vivo were competitively antagonized by (+/-)HX-CH 44 whereas inotropic and chronotropic effects of the non-selective beta-agonist epinephrine were not. This phenomenon may be explained by the mixed population of beta 1-and beta 2-adrenoceptors in cat heart and by the high beta 1-selectivity of (+/-)HX-CH 44.