gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mathematics of Hysteretic Phenomena (2003)

Starting with the mathematical modeling of classical problems of hysteretic phenomena, the author provides an insight into the physics of the inverse hysteresis, higher order reversal loops, accommodation, viscosity, creep, wasp-waisted loops and hysteretic coupled systems. Adopting a novel approach, he presents the T(x) model and applies it successfully to describe most, if not all, important phenomena in magnetism. Thus, not only scientists in physics and applied mathematics will benefit from this analytical tool, but also engineers working in magnetic circuit design will gain a mathematical tool for their work. Moreover, designers of magnets and magnetic components will equally profit from the book, as will researchers from other branches of physics, technology and natural sciences.
Post-combustion capture of CO2 from coal-fired power plants in China and Australia: An experience based cost comparison (2011)

A techno-economic comparative assessment is made for an amine based post-combustion capture (PCC) process applied to representative coal-fired power plants in Australia and China. The assessment is based on an in-depth analysis of the cost of generation. The process and cost models for integrated power and capture plants have been obtained using ASPEN Rate-Sep, Steam-Pro, Steam-Master and PEACE software packages for process modelling and cost estimation. The equipment costs as well as the fuel costs have been based on the national experiences and circumstances. Important differences between PCC in China and Australia have been identified: the limited environmental controls in existing Australian coal fired power stations requiring a retrofit to include extensive flue gas pre-treatment, the low fuel cost in Australia as power plants are closely located to coal mines the low capital costs in China as a result of lower local manufacturing costs.
Using live, attenuated influenza vaccine for prevention and control of influenza: supplemental recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). (2003)

This report summarizes recommendations by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for using intranasally administered, trivalent, cold-adapted, live, attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV), which was approved for use in the United States on June 17, 2003 (FluMist trade mark, produced by MedImmune, Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland). LAIV is currently approved for use among healthy persons (i.e., those not at high risk for complications from influenza infection) aged 5-49 years. This report includes information regarding 1) vaccine composition and mechanisms of action; 2) comparison between LAIV and trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine; 3) effectiveness and safety of LAIV; 4) transmission and stability of LAIV viruses; 5) recommendations and contraindications for using LAIV; and 6) dosage and administration of LAIV. This report supplements the 2003 ACIP recommendations regarding prevention and control of influenza (CDC. Prevention and Control of Influenza: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices [ACIP]. MMWR 2003;52[No. RR-8]:1-36.)
Hypoxia-induced treatment failure in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix is primarily due to hypoxia-induced radiation resistance rather than hypoxia-induced metastasis (2000)

Poor outcome of treatment in advanced cervix carcinoma has been shown to be associated with poor oxygenation of the primary tumour. Hypoxia may cause radiation resistance and promote lymph-node metastasis. The purpose of the study reported here was to investigate whether hypoxia-induced treatment failure in advanced cervix carcinoma is primarily a result of hypoxia-induced radiation resistance or the presence of hypoxia-induced lymph-node metastases at the start of treatment. Thirty-two patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix were included in the study. Radiation therapy was given with curative intent as combined external irradiation and endocavitary brachytherapy. The oxygenation status of the primary tumour was measured prior to treatment using the Eppendorf PO2 Histograph. Pelvic and para-aortal lymph-node metastases were detected by magnetic resonance imaging at the time of initial diagnosis. The primary tumours of the patients with metastases (n = 18) were significantly more poorly oxygenated than those of the patients without metastases (n = 14). Multivariate Cox regression analyses involving biological and clinical parameters identified the tumour subvolume having PO2 values below 5 mmHg (HSV (pO2 < 5 mmHg) as the only significant, independent prognostic factor for locoregional control, disease-free survival and overall survival. The probabilities of locoregional control, disease-free survival and overall survival were significantly lower for the patients with HSV (PO2 < 5 mmHg) above the median value than for those with HSV (PO2 < 5 mmHg) below the median value. On the other hand, the outcome of treatment was not significantly different for the patients with metastases and the patients without metastases at the start of treatment, irrespective of clinical end-point. Consequently, treatment failure was primarily a result of hypoxia-induced radiation resistance rather than hypoxia-induced lymph-node metastasis, suggesting that novel treatment strategies aiming at improving tumour oxygenation or enhancing the radiation sensitivity of hypoxic tumour cells may prove beneficial in attempts to improve the radiation therapy of advanced cervix carcinoma.
Drone sound detection (2015)

Nowadays small size UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) systems are really popular. We can find so many of them on video sharing portals and nowadays there are many articles on the media with the advantages and disadvantages of them. We can use “drones” for so many useful task, but on the other hand the risk is increasing with the growing popularity. We can found articles about the unethical and unlawful usages of them. They can be used for smuggling, observation, violation of privacy etc. As a consequence of the growing popularity, the price of these things is quickly becoming lower. High quality cameras are also widespread and it's also easy to install one onto a commercially available drone. We have to admit that these factors are become increasingly critical.
A New Series of Blue Emitting Pyrazine Derivatives for Organic Electroluminescence Devices (2001)

A new series of blue emitting dopants based on pyrazine derivative has been synthesized and used in electroluminescent (EL) devices. The EL cells have a configuration of ITO/NPB/TPBI doped with pyrazine derivatives/Mg:Ag; where NPB is N,N'-bis-(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-1,1'biphenyl-4-4'-diamine and TPBI is a trimer of N-arylbenzimidazoles. Four different pyrazine derivatives have been used and their photoluminescence and EL properties were compared in the light of their molecular structures. EL devices giving bright blue emission peaked at 468 nm; an optimum luminance of 1200 cd/m2 at a current density of 150 mA/cm2; and a current efficiency of 1.4 cd/A at 5 mA/cm2 have been obtained.
PN PLC: A methodology for designing, simulating and coding PLC based control systems using Petri nets (1997)

Flexible manufacturing cells (FMCs) are well established as a means of improving manufacturing efficiency in many batch production industries. They consist of an integrated group of computer numerically controlled (CNC) machine tools, programmable logic controller (PLC) based work/tool handling equipment and a control system to synchronize their operation. The safe and reliable operation of FMCs is clearly essential for their efficient use. However, FMCs are complex systems with elements that operate concurrently and interact at irregular times, depending upon the components to be produced. This inherent complexity demands intricate and sophisticated control systems which require development methodologies that are both comprehensive and rigorous. In this paper the authors introduce a methodology (PN PLC) which uses Petri nets for producing correct programmable logic controller (PLC) programs directly from the specifications. The methodology is specifically contrasted with the benefits, and problems, encountered in using tools such as 'ladder diagrams' (LDs) and 'sequential function charts' (SFCs) for designing logical control systems. PN PLC has advantages over ladder logic in clarity, which allows the program to be checked, maintained and updated reliably. Furthermore, the Petri net graph is a one-to-one equivalent of a ladder logic diagram, and thus either representation may be algorithmically translated to the other without loss of information. Finally, the rules for creating Petri net graphs, and subsequently translating them, are both simple and robust in use.
MicroRNA in the ovary and female reproductive tract1 (2008)

Posttranscriptional gene regulation plays a vital role in male and female germ cell function, but our understanding of this regulatory process in somatic cells and its effect on reproductive tissue development and function is not understood. In mammalian cells, microRNA (miRNA) are key posttranscriptional regulators and function by modulating translation or degradation of their target mRNA. Mature miRNA are synthesized through a multi-step process that concludes with the cleavage of stem-loop pre-miRNA by the RNase III enzyme, Dicer1. To determine the extent of miRNA regulation and establish a baseline, miRNA profiling has indicated the presence of large numbers of miRNA within reproductive tissues and cells. Moreover, several studies have indicated that miRNA expression in reproductive tissues varies in response to pituitary and gonadal hormones. To understand the role that miRNA-mediated posttranscriptional gene regulation plays in female reproduction, a global Dicer1 hypomorph mouse and several tissue-specific Dicer1 knockout mice have been studied. Interestingly, when Dicer1 expression is decreased in reproductive tissues or cells, the females are infertile. This review discusses all the work regarding miRNA regulation within the mammalian female reproductive system published to date.
An empirical model for the L/sub eff/ dependence of hot-carrier lifetimes of n-channel MOSFETs (1989)

An empirical model that describes the dependence of hot-carrier lifetime on the effective channel length of an n-channel MOSFET, allowing the estimation of the lifetimes of transistors of a given length based on data from a limited number of channel lengths, is presented. The model takes into account the localization of hot-carrier induced damage and shows that the size of the damaged region relative to the total length of the transistor is important in determining the effect of hot-carrier-damage-induced transistor characteristics. The results are integrated into two commonly used equations for hot-carrier lifetimes of MOSFETs of a given channel length under DC operation. The model is experimentally verified for MOSFETs of effective channel lengths between 0.45 and 2.7 mu m.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A high frequency triport topology for low power DC UPS (2002)

A high frequency "triport" circuit topology suitable for low power DC UPS systems is proposed. The proposed topology integrates a battery charger/discharger and output voltage regulator using a single conversion stage. Operating principle and design procedure are given. Finally a prototype UPS is built which demonstrates excellent steady state and dynamic characteristics. The proposed UPS has direct applications in the locally powered hybrid fiber coax networks.
Clinical outcomes after topography-guided LASIK: comparing results based on a new topography analysis algorithm with those based on manifest refraction (2020)

Using the Phorcides Analytic Engine for topography-guided surgery planning increased the likelihood of 20/16 UDVA and CDVA relative to using the manifest refraction.
Structure of nitrogenated carbon overcoats on thin-film hard disks (1997)

The compositional and structural characteristics of thin (/spl sim/200 /spl Aring/) carbon nitride overcoats on thin-film hard disks were studied using nuclear reaction analysis, hydrogen forward scattering (HFS), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). The mechanical and electrical properties of the overcoats were also measured. It was found that the structure of the overcoat depended on the nitrogen and hydrogen concentration in the films, whereas the overcoat hardness was independent of the nitrogen or hydrogen concentration, This may be due to the possibility that increased nitrogen incorporation into the overcoat does not necessarily result in an increased concentration of stoichiometric carbon nitride, which would be responsible for the overcoat hardness. The results also showed that the thickness of the bonded lubricant (Fomblin Z-DOL 2000) to the overcoat was determined by the nitrogen-to-hydrogen composition ratio in the overcoat.
Synthesis of Disulfide-Containing Aniline and Copolymerization with Aniline (2001)

A novel disulfide-containing aniline, 1,4-dihydrobenzo[d][1,2]dithiin-5-ylamin (1), was synthesized by the alkylbromination of 1,2-dimethyl-3-nitrobenzene, followed by the formation of a disulfide bond via thioesterification and then the reduction of the nitro group. The monomer showed a reductive and oxidative potential of the disulfide bond at −0.63 and 1.25 V (vs Ag/Ag+), respectively. Although the monomer showed the oxidative potential of aniline at 0.85 V (vs SCE), the electro- or chemical-oxidative polymerization of the monomer resulted in the formation of only the oligomer, suggesting that the disulfide-containing condensed ring would prevent further propagation of the polymerization due to steric hindrance. However, the nearly ideal copolymerization of 1 with aniline (An) was carried out by chemical oxidative polymerization. The resulting copolymers (1/An = 1/1 and 2/1, by mole) had weight-averaged molecular weights (M̄w) of 10 000 and 6600, respectively, and good redox activities coupled with those of the polyaniline and disulfide group. The copolymer showed conductivities of 5.1 × 10-2 S/cm for 1/1 and 1.3 × 10-2 S/cm for 2/1 after being redoped with camphorsulfonic acid. It is suggested that these copolymers might be good candidates for the cathode materials of secondary polymer batteries.
The inflammation‐associated <i>Salmonella</i> SopA is a HECT‐like E3 ubiquitin ligase (2006)

Salmonella translocate a group of type III effectors into the host cells to induce entry, promote survival and cause intestinal inflammation. Although the biochemical and cellular mechanisms of how bacterial effectors function inside host cells remain largely unknown, studies have indicated that a likely strategy is to exploit host cellular pathways through functional mimicry. We report here that SopA, a Salmonella type III effector, mimics the mammalian HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase. SopA preferentially uses the host UbcH5a, UbcH5c and UbcH7 as E2s, which are involved in inflammation. Both the wild-type SopA and the mutant SopAC753S were expressed and translocated at similar levels during the infection of HeLa cells. A Salmonella strain expressing a catalytically incompetent SopAC753S mutant had reduced Salmonella-induced polymorphonuclear leukocytes transepithelial migration. We speculate that SopA ubiquitinate bacterial/host proteins involved in Salmonella-induced intestinal inflammation.
Ultra-long Distance Free Space Laser Communications (2007)

We present a survey of state-of-the-art free space laser communication transmitter and receiver designs and technologies for ultra-long-distance high-speed links. High-performance power-efficient implementations for photon-counting, coherent, and optically-preamplified receivers are discussed.
Reactive ion etching of GaN and GaAs: Radially uniform processes for rectangular, smooth sidewalls (1999)

Vertical and smooth cutting of GaN has been demonstrated applying reactive ion etching (RIE) in capacitively coupled plasmas using parallel-plate reactors (common RIE) and in plasmas driven by electron cyclotron resonance (ECR). The radial uniformity across 50 mm (2 in.) is no issue in ECR-driven plasmas and can be effectively improved in parallel-plate reactors by using shower heads with one central hole only, provided the wafer is centrally placed.
Postischemic seizures and necrotizing ischemic brain damage (1991)

Insulin has recently been shown experimentally to modify ischemic brain damage when administered either before or after the episode of ischemia. In controlled studies in the rat, high doses of insulin (greater than or equal to 8 IU/kg) result in seizures and early death. The present study was undertaken to determine whether diazepam, a potent, centrally penetrating GABAmimetic, alone or in combination with insulin, could mitigate postischemic seizures or regional selective neuronal necrosis and infarction. Forebrain ischemia was induced in rats for 10 1/2 minutes by carotid clamping and hypotension. The animals were observed clinically until elective perfusion-fixation and quantitative pathologic examination at 1-week recovery. Diazepam, either alone or with insulin, reduced regional brain necrosis and reduced the seizure rate. Insulin alone also led to reduced regional necrosis. However, the combination of diazepam plus insulin yielded the greatest proportion of undamaged brains in the hippocampus, thalamus, and midbrain. In the neocortex, the diazepam-only group showed the greatest number of normal hemispheres. Hypothalamic infarction was eliminated by all three treatments. Seizures per se were associated with increased damage in the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and brainstem, irrespective of treatment group. The findings indicate that ischemic brain necrosis can be mitigated by diazepam and insulin treatment begun in the immediate postischemic period.
Farm scale trials of variable rate irrigation to assess the benefits of modifying existing sprinkler systems for precision application (2011)

Farm-scale trials are being conducted to assess the benefits of variable rate irrigation (VRI). Three farms have been selected where existing sprinkler irrigation systems have recently been modified to provide variable rate control of each individual sprinkler. Irrigation is being varied according to soil and crop differences, and is also being shut off over exclusion zones, such as drains and raceways, and for farm operations such as pasture renovation. Under each VRI irrigator, soil variability has been quantitatively assessed using a mobile soil mapping system, which consists of an electromagnetic (EM) sensor pulled behind an all-terrain vehicle, with an on-board accurate RTK-GPS, datalogger and field computer. The EM sensor measures soil apparent electrical conductivity (EC), and the resulting soil EC maps were ground-truthed and used to define irrigation management zones. Soil moisture sensors have been installed into each zone to monitor real-time soil moisture status. This information is then used for variable rate irrigation scheduling. Trial plots have been established in each zone at each site to compare a blanket uniform rate of irrigation to all zones with variable rates of irrigation fine-tuned to zone differences. A goal of this research is to assess irrigation water use efficiency of a VRI system, as well as to develop a precision irrigation system with capability for full automation.
ACOUSTIC TESTING OF SNACK FOOD CRISPNESS USING NEURAL NETWORKS (2003)

The crispness of selected snack foods, Pringles potato chips, Paprika extruded snack and Munchy crackers, was evaluated by crushing the snack samples with a pair of pincers, and analyzing the frequency domain spectra of acoustic patterns by the neural networks (NNs). The inputs for training the NNs comprised 102 amplitudes of sound signals in 0–7 kHz frequency range at the intervals of about 69 Hz with moisture content or crispness grades as outputs. Both backpropagation (BPNN) and probabilistic (PNN) models showed good performance in classifying the snack foods into four grades of sensory crispness. The prediction accuracy of PNN models ranged approximately from 96 to 98% and was higher than the accuracy of BPNN models by about 10 to 25%. Results showed that frequency domain spectra of acoustic signals could be successfully analyzed by the NNs for predicting the crispness of snack food products.
Anti-Thrombic Action of Methanol Extract and Alkaloidal Components from<i>Corydalis</i>Tuber (1988)

The effects of Chinese and Korean Corydalis tubers on the experimental thrombosis were investigated. Methanol extracts (CMe) of Chinense Corydalis tuber inhibited the decrease of blood platelets in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) induced by endotoxin in rats but was inactive in inhibiting the decrease of fibrinogen and the prolongation of prothrombin time, and the increase of fibrin degradation products (FDP). Methanol extracts (KMe) of Korean Corydalis tuber did not show these inhibitory effects. CMe also inhibited pulmonary thromboembolism induced by collagen, sodium arachidonate, and ADP in mice. Four alkaloids, d-corydaline, d-glaucine, protopine, and l-tetrahydrocolumbamine isolated from CMe showed inhibitory action on blood platelet aggregation induced by collagen, arachidonic acid, and ADP in vitro. It was suggested that the anti-thrombic activity of CMe be attributed to alkaloid components.
Activation of Aryl Thiocyanates Followed by Aryne Insertion: Access to 1,2-Thiobenzonitriles (2015)

Palladium-catalyzed activation of carbon-sulfur bonds allows aryne insertion into aryl thiocyanates to generate new C-SAr and C-CN bonds in one step. The readily available starting materials make this method efficient in generating a variety of 1,2-thiobenzonitriles. By choosing an oxygen atmosphere the yields are increased and side reactions are minimized.
Binary Prediction Based on Weighted Sequential Mining Method (2005)

This paper presents a weighted-binary-sequential method to predict the status of customer patronage for the next day. Most of the research using association rules to mine sequential data focus on the algorithms and computing efficiency of pattern or rule generation. But few of them consider the time value of the sequential data. It is desirable to weight recent observations more heavily than remote observations in the analysis of time-series data. In this paper, we address a time-weighted concept on association algorithm to mine the binary-time-series data. The weighted binary sequence algorithm gives more weight on the recent data in finding the longest frequent patterns from binary-time-series data. There are two weighting methods; dynamic-length weighting and fixed-length weighting. Both algorithms are compared to the un-weighted algorithm to show how time value influences the prediction accuracy. Some performance results with a real-life Web site application given in this paper show that time-weighted sequential algorithms are generally superior to un-weighted sequential algorithm.
Oral Corticosteroid Use Is Effective for Cutaneous Hemangiomas (2001)

Systemic corticosteroid treatment seems to be effective for problematic cutaneous hemangiomas of infancy.