gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NMR of Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (2011)

Despite the powerful spectroscopic information it provides, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy suffers from a lack of sensitivity, especially when dealing with nuclei other than protons. Even though NMR can be applied in a straightforward manner when dealing with abundant protons of organic molecules, it is very challenging to address biomolecules in low concentration and/or many other nuclei of the periodic table that do not provide as intense signals as protons. Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) is an important technique that provides a way to dramatically increase signal intensities in NMR. It consists in transferring the very high electron spin polarization of paramagnetic centers (usually at low temperature) to the surrounding nuclear spins with appropriate microwave irradiation. DNP can lead to an enhancement of the nuclear spin polarization by up to four orders of magnitude. We present in this article some basic concepts of DNP, describe the DNP apparatus at EPFL, and illustrate the interest of the technique for chemical applications by reporting recent measurements of the kinetics of complexation of 89Y by the DOTAM ligand.
Energy Harvesting by Pyroelectric Effect Using PZT (2008)

This paper considers energy harvesting using pyroelectric materials such as PZT-5A and thin-films. A simple model is used to predict the power generated based on the measured temperature of the material as a function of time. The measured and predicted results are presented and compared. In particular, the measured peak power density for a PZT-5A sample was 0.23 μWcm−2 for a maximum temperature rate of approximately 15 °Cs−1. The predicted peak power density under the same boundary conditions for thin-film lead scandium tantalate was over 125 μWcm−2. The power density is shown to be highly dependent upon the surface area and the pyroelectric coefficient, underlining the importance of maximizing these parameters.
Aminoalkylation of metal derivatives of indole. Part III. Alkylation of lithio-derivatives of N-substituted indoles with 1-chloro-2-dimethylaminoethane (1969)

1-Methyl- and 1-phenyl-indolyl-lithium, when treated with 1-chloro-2-dimethylaminoethane, underwent aminoalkylation at the 2-position of the indole nucleus whereas the lithio-derivatives of 1-benzyl- and 1-benzyl-3-phenylindole yielded products derived by substitution at the α-position of the benzyl group. The structures of the amines were confirmed by 1H n.m.r. spectra and by hydrogenolysis experiments. The syntheses of 1-phenyl- and 1-benzyl-3-phenyl-indoles are described.
Arc behaviour and metal transfer of the VP-GMAW process (2003)

This project evaluated the metal transfer behaviour of the variable polarity (VP) GMAW process. Analysis was performed using high speed video that was synchronised with high speed data acquisition. Melting rate measurements were found to be very dependent on current waveform, polarity, and droplet size, and metal transfer if it occurred, for each waveform period. The transient conditions of current waveform and metal transfer produced rapid changes in arc behaviour which influenced the melting at the electrode tip and growing droplet.\nThe concentrated melting theory was developed to explain the significant increase in electrode extension burnoff and droplet growth rate that occurred at short EN time as a function of current, and during EP peak pulse when the pre-pulse droplet volume was small. The highest electrode extension burnoff and droplet growth rate occurred when the arc was permitted to climb over the solid electrode tip producing rapid concentrated melting. Likewise, large molten droplets were found to promote a negative electrode extension burnoff and a decreased droplet growth rate. The arc rooted on large droplets providing additional heating but limited electrode melting.\nThe droplet burnoff rate (DBR) method was developed and found to yield good experimental measurements for the arc and resistive heating coefficients used in a 2nd order melting rate equation developed for a complex waveform process, like VP-GMAW. For the EN period, the EN time affected the melting rate as a function of EN current. The greater melting rate that occurred at low EN time was measured by the changes in the resistive heating coefficient. Concentrated arc melting of the electrode extension at low EN time caused the slope of the burnoff diagram to increase, which represented the resistive heating coefficient. The melting rate of the EP pulse was related to the pre-pulse droplet volume. Large pre-pulse droplets decreased the arc heating coefficient, which could be negative, which meant the electrode extension was increasing and the arc length was decreasing in that waveform period.\nVP-GMAW power supplies offered stable operation for welding sheet structures on both carbon steel and stainless steel. Higher travel speeds were required as the %EN of the waveform increased to produce acceptable constant deposit area fusion. Welding speeds were up to 300% higher with VP-GMAW compared to the GMAW-P process when welding lap joints on 1.8 mm thick material with a 1.8 mm gap. VP-GMAW heat input was up to 47% less than GMAW-P for the same melting rate.
Thrombomodulin as a regulator of the anticoagulant pathway (2011)

Thrombomodulin is a cell surface-expressed glycoprotein that serves as a cofactor for thrombin-mediated activation of protein C (PC), an event further amplified by the endothelial cell PC receptor. The PC pathway is a major anticoagulant mechanism that downregulates thrombin formation and hedges thrombus formation. The objectives of this review were to review recent findings regarding thrombomodulin structure, its involvement in the regulation of hemostasis and further discuss the implication, if any, of the genetic polymorphisms in the thrombomodulin gene in the risk of development of thrombosis. We performed a literature search by using electronic bibliographic databases. Although the direct evaluation of risk situations associated with thrombomodulin mutations/polymorphisms could be of clinical significance, it appears that mutations that affect the function of thrombomodulin are rarely associated with venous thromboembolism. However, several polymorphisms are reported to be associated with increased risk for arterial thrombosis. Additionally studies on knock out mice as well studies on humans bearing rare mutations suggest that thrombomodulin dysfunction may be implicated in the pathogenesis of myocardial infraction.
Suppression of Phytohemagglutinin-Stimulated Lymphocyte Blastogenesis by Ovine Uterine Milk Protein23 (1984)

Two basic glycoproteins (UTM-P) with molecular weights of 57,000 and 59,000 were purified from ovine uterine milk collected on Days 125 and 130 of pregnancy. The UTM-P were evaluated for immunosuppressive activity in phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-treated, mixed lymphocyte (MLC) and resting lymphocyte (RLC) cultures. For PHA and RLC cultures, UTM-P (2.5 to 800 micrograms UTM-P/ml) were added to 1 X 10(6) lymphocytes and 0.8 micrograms of PHA (for PHA cultures only), while for the MLC, UTM-P (50 to 1600 micrograms UTM-P/ml) were added to 5 X 10(5) lymphocytes combined from each of two ewes. Following [3H] thymidine addition, cells were later harvested for determination of thymidine incorporation. Lymphocyte blastogenesis was suppressed by UTM-P in PHA (R2 = 0.32 to 0.92, P less than 0.01 to 0.001), MLC (R2 = 0.8, P less than 0.001) and RLC (R2 = 0.65, P les than 0.01) experiments. To determine reversibility, PHA-treated lymphocytes were incubated with UTM-P for 6, 12 or 24 h, then washed to remove surface UTM-P. Incubation was continued in the presence of PHA as with other experiments. Exposure of lymphocytes to UTM-P for 6 or 12 h did not result in suppression of blastogenesis, whereas exposure for 24 h was sufficient for suppression (P less than 0.01). In an additional experiment, UTM-P were added to PHA-treated cultures at 0, 6, 12 or 24 h. Suppression (P less than 0.01) of blastogenesis was observed for each time period. Immunosuppressive activity was not mediated by overall cytotoxicity and was not affected by routine handling and storage of UTM-P. Data from these experiments provide one explanation for tolerance of the conceptus allograft during defined stages of ovine pregnancy.
Type I procollagen COOH-terminal proteinase enhancer protein: identification, primary structure, and chromosomal localization of the cognate human gene (PCOLCE) (1994)

Type I procollagen COOH-terminal proteinase (C-proteinase) enhancer, a glycoprotein that binds to the COOH-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen and enhances procollagen C-proteinase activity, was purified from mouse fibroblast culture media. Partial amino acid sequences obtained from proteolytic fragments were found to have identity with the deduced amino acid sequence of a cDNA clone of unknown function, previously isolated from a mouse astrocyte library. Sequences of mouse enhancer cDNA, obtained in the present study, predict a approximately 50-kDa, 468-amino acid protein that differs from the 43-kDa, 402-amino acid protein predicted by the previously reported astrocyte-derived clone. Human cDNAs encode an enhancer of 449 amino acids. Previous biochemical studies have found the mouse enhancer as a 55-kDa form, which is readily processed to 36- and 34-kDa forms, retaining full C-proteinase enhancing activity and the ability to bind the COOH-terminal propeptide. Data presented here show the 36-kDa form to correspond to the amino-terminal portion of the 55-kDa protein. This is the most conserved region between mouse and human enhancers, comprising two domains with homology to domains found in a number of proteases and proteins with developmental functions. Such domains are thought to mediate interactions between proteins. Mouse enhancer RNA is shown to be at highest levels in collagen-rich tissues, especially tendon. The human enhancer gene, PCOLCE, is localized to 7q21.3-->q22, the same chromosomal region containing the type I collagen alpha 2 chain gene, COL1A2.
Conceptual Neutronic Design of a Lead-Bismuth-Cooled Actinide Burning Reactor (2001)

AbstractA conceptual design of a lead-bismuth-eutectic (LBE)–cooled actinide burner core with innovative streaming fuel assemblies (FAs) is described. The 1800-MW(thermal) core employs metallic, fertile-free fuel where the transuranics (plutonium plus minor actinides) are dispersed in a zirconium matrix. The core contains 157 streaming FAs that enhance neutron streaming by employing gas-filled, sealed streaming tubes at the FA periphery and center. The large reactivity excess at the beginning of life is compensated for by a system of double-entry control rods. The arrangement of top-entry and bottom-entry control rods in a staggered pattern allows the achievement of a very uniform axial power profile and a small reactivity change from control rod driveline expansion. The reactor can operate with an 18- to 24-month cycle length.Safety is provided through negative reactivity coefficients and tight neutronic coupling. The void coefficient is negative for a partially as well as a fully voided core. The effective delayed neutron fraction is 25% less than that of typical oxide-fueled fast reactors, making the requirements on reactor control performance more demanding. The Doppler coefficient is negative with a magnitude appreciably lower than the typical values of oxide fuels in sodium-cooled reactors, but comparable to the values observed in integral fast reactor (IFR) cores with metallic U-Pu-Zr fuels. The fuel thermal expansion coefficient is also negative, having a magnitude approximately equal to the Doppler coefficient. In terms of the transuranic destruction rate per MW(thermal) per effective full-power year, the design is comparable to accelerator-driven systems (ADSs). Long-lived fission products also can be transmuted, albeit at lower incineration efficiency than in ADSs.
<title>Iterated facet model approach to background normalization</title> (1994)

Background normalization is a low-level image processing task typically used to enhance images by eliminating featureless, nonuniform background illumination. Automatic background normalization requires three distinct steps: threshold selection and segmentation, reconstruction of background image, and subtraction. This paper presents a new region-based thresholding criterion for background identification and normalization. Experimental results will be presented.
Survival of Transfused Platelets Collected intoNew Formulation Plastic Packs (1982)

Platelet concentrates were prepared in plastic packs of polyvinyl chloride with tri-(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate as plasticizer. They were stored, with gentle shaking, at room temperature for periods up to 7 days before labelling with isotope and reinfusing. In vivo survival studies, platelet counts, pH and electron microscopy indicated that platelet concentrates prepared in the new plastic were superior to those prepared in the standard pack currently in use. Oxygen was found to diffuse through the new pack more rapidly than through the standard pack. A shelf life of up to 1 week at room temperature seems possible for platelet concentrates prepared in the new plastic.
13C NMR analysis of LL-BM123.ALPHA. and LL-BM782 antibiotics. (1982)

Recently we reported the isolation and structural characterization of two novel cyclitol antibiotics LL-BM I23a (1)1) and the LL-BM782 components (6)2) which contain myo-inosamine-2 and myo-inositol respectively as the cyclitol moieties. Both antibiotics exhibit in vivo Gram-negative activity with LL-BM782 the more active of the two but also the more toxic. As seen in the structures, there are obvious differences between the two antibiotics but on closer inspection there are some commonalities as well. Both are acylated by strongly basic amino acids at the C, axial
The manufacture of inverse photoemission spectroscopy. (1989)

We manufactured an equipment for inverse photoemission spectroscopy (IPES) which directly gives the information on unfilled density of state of a surface. We estimated the calculated resolution of this equipment at 1.1 eV, whereas experimental resolution of about 1.3 eV was obtained from a Au spectrum. From this value, manufactured equipment seems to approximately satisfy the condition of design. Therefore, manufactured IPES are considered to be useful method for the investigation of the surface.
Aquatic Humic Substances (1988)

Chemical degradations of humic substances are reviewed, with emphasis on the identity of the products and how these compounds relate to the overall structure of the humic macromolecule. The methods described include (1) reduction using metals, hydrogen, and metal hydrides; (2) oxidation with copper oxide, permanganate, and chlorine; and (3) alkaline hydrolysis. Experimental results are reported for the reductive and solvolytic degradation of isolated aquatic humic acid using metallic sodium dissolved in liquid ammonia. A number of highly oxygenated compounds, many that commonly result from oxidative procedures, are identified in the reduction mixture. The presence of these structures in the original humic macromolecule is suggested.
Characterization of endogenous cytokine concentrations after high-dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow support (1993)

Endogenous cytokines are thought to mediate numerous biologic processes and may account for some adverse effects experienced following the administration of recombinant proteins. This study describes the pattern of endogenous cytokine exposure following high-dose chemotherapy. Blood concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and erythropoietin (EPO) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods in 68 patients receiving the same ablative chemotherapy regimen (cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, carmustine). Patients were grouped according to cellular support (autologous bone marrow [BM] CSF-primed peripheral blood progenitor cells [PBPCs]) and prescribed growth factor (recombinant human granulocyte or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [rHuG-CSF or rHuGM-CSF]). Leukocyte reconstitution was most accelerated in the groups treated with PBPCs and rHuG-CSF. IL-6, M-CSF, and TNF-alpha concentrations were higher in the groups treated with rHuGM-CSF and without PBPCs. Maximal endogenous cytokine concentrations occurred approximately 12 days after BM reinfusion. High concentrations of EPO occurred in patients experiencing significant hypotension despite routine transfusions for hematocrit < 42%. High M-CSF and IL-6 levels were associated with increased platelet transfusion requirements. Concentrations of all four cytokines were significantly higher in patients experiencing renal or hepatic toxicity, with elevations occurring in a predictable sequence and M-CSF elevations occurring first. This report shows that endogenous cytokine concentrations may be influenced by either cellular or CSF support and are associated with differences in platelet reconstitution and organ toxicity.
Object Distance and Size Measurement Using Stereo Vision System (2012)

Object size identification is very useful in building systems or applications especially in autonomous system navigation. Many recent works have started to use multiple vision sensors or cameras for different type of application such as 3D image constructions, occlusion detection and etc. Multiple cameras system has becoming more popular since cameras are now very cheap and easy to deploy and utilize. The proposed measurement system consists of object detection on the stereo images and blob extraction and distance and size calculation and object identification. The system also employs a fast algorithm so that the measurement can be done in real-time. The object measurement using stereo camera is better than object detection using a single camera that was proposed in many previous research works. It is much easier to calibrate and can produce a more accurate results.
3,7-Dichloroquinolinecarboxylic Acid Inhibits Cell-Wall Biosynthesis in Maize Roots (1996)

The mode of action of the herbicide 3,7-dichloroquinolinecar-boxylic acid (quinclorac) was examined by measuring incorporation of [14C]glucose, [14C]acetate, [3H]thymidine, and [3H]uridine into maize (Zea mays) root cell walls, fatty acids, DNA, and RNA, respectively. Among the precursors examined, 10 [mu]M quinclorac inhibited [14C]glucose incorporation into the cell wall within 3 h. Fatty acid and DNA biosynthesis were subsequently inhibited, whereas RNA biosynthesis was unaffected. In contrast to the cellulose synthesis inhibitor 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile, quinclorac strongly inhibited cellulose and a hemicellulose fraction presumed to be glucuronoarabinoxylan. However, the synthesis of (1->3),(1->4)-[beta]-D-glucans was only slightly inhibited. The degree of inhibition was time- and dose-dependent. By 4 h after treatment, the concentration that inhibited [14C]glucose incorporation into the cell wall, cellulose, and the sensitive hemicellulose fraction by 50% was about 15, 5, and 20 [mu]M, respectively. Concomitant with an inhibition of [14C]glucose incorporation into the cell wall, quinclorac treatment led to a marked accumulation of radioactivity in the cytosol. The increased radioactivity was found mostly in glucose and fructose. However, total levels of glucose, fructose, and uridine diphosphate-glucose were not changed greatly by quinclorac. These data suggest that quinclorac acts primarily as a cell-wall biosynthesis inhibitor in a susceptible grass by a mechanism that is different from that of 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile.
Near-duplicate detection using GPU-based simhash scheme (2014)

With the rapid growth of data, near-duplicate documents bearing high similarity are abundant. Elimination of near-duplicates can reduce storage cost and improve the quality of search indexes in data mining. A challenging problem is to find near-duplicate records in large-scale collections efficiently. There have already been several efforts on implementing near-duplicate detection on different architectures. In this paper, a new implementation, using a special hash function namely simhash, is proposed to identify near-duplicate documents on CUDA enabled devices. Two mechanisms are designed to achieve higher performance, including swapping and dynamic allocating. Experimental results show that our parallel implementation outperforms the serial CPU version, achieving up to 18 times.
Electron spin resonance study of electrochemically generated polythiophene and derivatives (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTElectron spin resonance study of electrochemically generated polythiophene and derivativesG. Tourillon, D. Gourier, F. Garnier, and D. VivienCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1984, 88, 6, 1049–1051Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150650a001https://doi.org/10.1021/j150650a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views188Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Russia: A History and an Interpretation. (1955)

Journal Article Russia: A History and an Interpretation Get access Russia: A History and an Interpretation. 2 vols. By Michael T. FlorinskyNew York and London, Macmillan Company, 1953. xxviii+1,511 pp. Maps. Index. 8½″×5½″. $15. C. G. C. G. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 31, Issue 1, January 1955, Pages 109–110, https://doi.org/10.2307/2604642 Published: 01 January 1955