gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial action of isomeric fatty acids on group A Streptococcus (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntimicrobial action of isomeric fatty acids on group A StreptococcusJon J. Kabara, Anthony J. Conley, Dennis M. Swieczkowski, I. A. Ismail, M. Lie Ken Jie, and Frank D. GunstoneCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1973, 16, 9, 1060–1063Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00267a028https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00267a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views83Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Creating Speech-Synchronized Animation (2005)

We present a facial model designed primarily to support animated speech. Our facial model takes facial geometry as input and transforms it into a parametric deformable model. The facial model uses a muscle-based parameterization, allowing for easier integration between speech synchrony and facial expressions. Our facial model has a highly deformable lip model that is grafted onto the input facial geometry to provide the necessary geometric complexity needed for creating lip shapes and high-quality renderings. Our facial model also includes a highly deformable tongue model that can represent the shapes the tongue undergoes during speech. We add teeth, gums, and upper palate geometry to complete the inner mouth. To decrease the processing time, we hierarchically deform the facial surface. We also present a method to animate the facial model over time to create animated speech using a model of coarticulation that blends visemes together using dominance functions. We treat visemes as a dynamic shaping of the vocal tract by describing visemes as curves instead of keyframes. We show the utility of the techniques described in this paper by implementing them in a text-to-audiovisual-speech system that creates animation of speech from unrestricted text. The facial and coarticulation models must first be interactively initialized. The system then automatically creates accurate real-time animated speech from the input text. It is capable of cheaply producing tremendous amounts of animated speech with very low resource requirements.
In vitro growth control phenotypes of transformed rodent cells prior to and following tumorigenesis. (1983)

A number of virus and chemical carcinogen-transformed cell lines were generated in tissue culture and analyzed for growth control phenotypes prior to and following tumorigenesis in appropriate hosts. The cell lines include those of mouse, rat, human, and Syrian hamster, transformed by papovaviruses and adenoviruses (DNA) or murine (RNA) tumor viruses. Cell lines were assayed for: (a) multinucleation or uncontrolled nuclear division (UND+) and uncontrolled DNA synthesis in cytochalasin B (CB) medium; and (b) the continuation of DNA synthesis in media containing reduced (0.5%) amounts of serum. All or nearly all lines of DNA virus transformants exhibited UND+ and high frequencies of DNA-synthetic cells in CB medium. Two lines of SV40-transformed hamster cells also showed UND+ following tumorigenesis in weaning hamsters. In addition, DNA virus transformants showed the ability to continue DNA synthesis unabated in low-serum medium. In contrast, the mouse sarcoma virus (MSV)-transformed lines exhibited varying degrees of controlled nuclear division and reduced DNA synthesis in CB medium, both prior to and following tumorigenesis. However, the reduction in DNA-synthetic cells was often not as great as that found in untransformed cells. Results similar to the RNA virus transformants were observed with hamster cells transformed by chemical carcinogens. Nearly all of the MSV-transformed lines showed significantly reduced levels of DNA synthesis in low-serum medium as was found in untransformed cells. One cell line, KA31, was followed through three consecutive in vivo tumorigenic passages, but these cells did not acquire UND+ or the ability to continue DNA synthesis in low-serum medium. These results suggest that many MSV- and carcinogen-transformed rodent cells exhibit transformation phenotypes at levels barely above those of normal cells and markedly less than those of DNA virus transformants, and yet they are tumorigenic.
Characterization of the read/write process for magnetic recording (1995)

The extracted dipulse technique, or pseudorandom sequence method, provides a means for the characterization and measurement of a variety of linear and nonlinear recording effects. In the past the technique has been used to identify and quantify several transition shift phenomena. The technique is extended to characterize readback distortions and media noise. The technique can be applied to any binary or even to multilevel channels; a ternary example is included.
Site-Specific Glycan-Masking/Unmasking Hemagglutinin Antigen Design to Elicit Broadly Neutralizing and Stem-Binding Antibodies Against Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Virus Infections (2021)

The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses with the capability of transmission from birds to humans have a serious impact on public health. To date, HPAI H5N1 viruses have evolved into ten antigenically distinct clades that could cause a mismatch of vaccine strains and reduce vaccine efficacy. In this study, the glycan masking and unmasking strategies on hemagglutinin antigen were used for designing two antigens: H5-dm/st2 and H5-tm/st2, and investigated for their elicited immunity using two-dose recombinant H5 (rH5) immunization and a first-dose adenovirus vector prime, followed by a second-dose rH5 protein booster immunization. The H5-dm/st2 antigen was found to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies against different H5N1 clade/subclade viruses, as well as more stem-binding antibodies to inhibit HA-facilitated membrane fusion activity. Mice immunized with the H5-dm/st2 antigen had a higher survival rate when challenged with homologous and heterologous clades of H5N1 viruses. Mutant influenza virus replaced with the H5-dm/st2 gene generated by reverse genetics (RG) technology amplified well in MDCK cells and embryonated chicken eggs. Again, the inactivated H5N1-dm/st2 RG virus elicited more potent cross-clade neutralizing and anti-fusion antibodies in sera. Therefore, the H5N1-dm/st2 RG virus with the site-specific glycan-masking on the globular head and the glycan-unmasking on the stem region of H5 antigen can be used for further development of cross-protective H5N1 vaccines.
Circuit and signaling techniques for on -chip interconnects (2004)

As VLSI progresses into Very Deep Submicron (VDSM) realms, global interconnects play an increasingly important role in the overall performance and power consumption of high-performance chips. This thesis proposes circuit and signaling solutions to the on-chip interconnect design problem. Current-sensing and phase coded signaling are proposed as potential techniques to transmit logic in current and time respectively. A test-chip verifying these techniques has been fabricated in a TSMC 0.18μ technology through MOSIS. Using a novel receiver circuit for differential current-sensing, a performance benefit of 20% was obtained over the delay-optimal repeater insertion technique. The proposed single ended current-sensing provides more delay benefits (45% on average) and like repeaters uses one wire to transmit a data bit. The static power dissipation in current-sensing is mitigated by using transition encoded current-sensing and current-pulse signaling. These techniques are faster and lower power than repeater insertion. A hybrid circuit technique that exploits the advantages of both current-sensing and repeater insertion is proposed. Phase coding is presented as a multi-bit signaling technique which encodes multiple bits on a single wire in terms of phase information. Transmitting multiple bits saves power and increases bandwidth. DLL based closed loop encoding and decoding schemes provide process-variation immune operation.
ATS/ERS/WASOG statement on sarcoidosis (1999)

The first international consensus statement on sarcoidosis is currently being copublished in the journals of the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the World Association for Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous Disorders (WASOG) This editorial wants to attract the attention of the ERJ readers and European Respiratory Society (ERS) members to this consensus report which is aimed at updating clinicians and scientists about new advances related to sarcoidosis. It is hoped that the document will improve the care of patients with this disorder and trigger new studies to further elucidate the cause and pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. The panel members are experts in the care of patients with sarcoidosis, and the level of evidence for the recommendations made in this statement is largely that of expert opinion developed by consensus. There is little supportive evidence from wellconducted randomized controlled trials.
Thermoplastic pultrusion process: Modeling and optimal conditions for fibers impregnation (2013)

Pultrusion is a crucial method for continuous production of fiber-reinforced composites. It was developed several years ago for thermosetting polymer matrices, but the challenge is now to extend it to thermoplastic matrices, with a much higher viscosity. In this paper, we propose an analysis of the parameters influencing fiber impregnation in the conditions of this process. A semi-analytical one-dimensional axisymmetric model based on Darcy’s law and Stokes equations is developed to predict the impregnation profile inside the fibrous phase in the case of a natural impregnation governed by capillary forces. Thanks to a dimensional analysis, it enables to quantify the influence of all the material and testing parameters under the assumption of a slow variation of the geometry of the impregnation die. The cases of a straight and conical dies are discussed. For the first case, an exhaustive numerical study enables to define the optimal processing conditions for a perfect impregnation. Those results are shown to be useful tools for finding an optimal pulling velocity and die length for a given fluid/fibers pair. For the second case, we show that section reductions do not improve impregnation.
Model-Driven Design and Generation of New Multi-Facet Arbiters: From the Design Model to the Hardware Synthesis (2011)

Designing of arbiters has become increasingly important due to their wide use in the areas such as multi-processor systems-on-a-chip and on-chip or off-chip high-speed cross-bar switches and networks. In this paper, we proposed a new systematic model-driven flow for designing the new scalable multi-facet arbiters through a 3-phase process combined with the template-based modular design approach that includes the design model derivation phase, the architecture model (or template) design phase as well as the arbiter hardware implementation and generation phase. First, we described the phase 1 of the design flow of how to induce an arbiter design model in detail by careful analysis of arbiter design issues and systematic design space exploring the construction of the model. Then, we continue to discuss the phase 2 of how to derive an architecture model or template using the reusability, modularity and expansibility techniques. With both the design and the architecture models, designers can easily design or at least understand and thus choose many kinds of different but better arbiters efficiently. Finally, we have developed a scalable decentralized parallel tree structure and corresponding modular algorithms for efficient arbiter hardware implementation, which also is the final phase of our proposed 3-phase model-driven design flow. Moreover, based on this modular and reusable hardware implementation structure as well as the algorithms, we have designed a parametric arbiter generator that automatically generates various multi-facet arbiters. Using this hardware implementation design and the generator, not only a fast and small round-robin arbiter but also other type arbiters were designed and generated on the fly. The hardware implementation algorithms, the generator, and the experiment results all were given to verify their performances. To our knowledge, this is the first time that such a systematic model-driven design approach is proposed in the practical hardware design and such a multi-facet arbiter is designed.
Fixed Points of Majority R ule Cellular Automata with Application to Plasticity and Precision of the Immune System (1991)

Signal processing in the immune syst em is st udied in a t heor etical mult ilayered network. The elements in th e network have regular conn ect iviti es, with t he level of connect ivity reflecti ng t he level of signal (cyto kine) multifunctionalit y. Each element opera t es by th e same nonlinear majority rule. An exact formul a for t he/ {;umber of fixed points is derived as a fun ction of t he network's size n (n odd) and connect ivity r, as well as a genera l upper-bound estimate for t he numb er of fixed point s for all n and r. Results show th at increas­ ing connect ivity enha nces resilience by st rengthening t he globa l error dam ping capacity of t he system. It s cost is diminished general memory st orage space, reflectin g diminished ph enotypic plast icity. Laboratory experiments are suggeste d for verifying t he implications of the result s for pathogenesis and immunosuppression. The durat ion a nd am plit ude of t he immune resp onse is regu lated by a group of p eptid es called cyt okin es t hat bi nd to the cell sur face and ult im ately lea d t o a change in it s phen otypic state , t hat is , it s pro lifer ati ve or fun ct ion al b eh avior. In t he past, ea ch step in t he immune process was t ho ught to b e contro lled by a unique sing le-p urpose molecul e. Tod ay it is r ealized t hat cytokine activity is charact erized by pleiotropism a nd r edundancy: indi vid­ ua l cytokines are pleiotropic in having mult ipl e overl apping cell r egula t ory actions (de no te d a one/ m any property) , while differ en t cytokin es can have a sim ila r a ct ion (many/one proper ty ). Mo reove r , t he ult im a t e resp on se of a cell usually dep ends on two or more differen t messages received concurrent ly a t t he cell surface; t hese are selecte d fr om a larger rep ertoire of cytokines (1-3) . It thus ap pe ars that t he pr o cessing rules in t his system , who se state t rans it ions are det ermined by a combination of elements each of whi ch is insufficient a nd unnecessary on it s own , are of t he majority vote ty pe.
Magneto-optical Kerr effect analysis of magnetic nanostructures (2003)

We present a treatment of polarized light analysis and noise sources relevant to magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) measurements of magnetic nanostructures and give performance details of our state-of-the-art MOKE magnetometer in these terms. By considering the various signal contributions, we are able to determine experimental conditions for optimal MOKE signal dynamic range and signal-to-noise ratio. A description of our MOKE instrument includes a novel facility to locate magnetic nanostructures by producing a susceptibility map of the sample surface. The performance of the magnetometer is demonstrated by hysteresis loops of single 100–200 nm wide magnetic nanowires, including a loop obtained with no time averaging during a single magnetic field cycle.
Contraflow Transportation Network Reconfiguration for Evacuation Route Planning (2008)

Given a transportation network having source nodes with evacuees and destination nodes, we want to find a contraflow network configuration, i.e., ideal direction for each edge, to minimize evacuation time. Contraflow is considered a potential remedy to reduce congestion during evacuations in the context of homeland security and natural disasters (e.g., hurricanes). This problem is computationally challenging because of the very large search space and the expensive calculation of evacuation time on a given network. To our knowledge, this paper presents the first macroscopic approaches for the solution of contraflow network reconfiguration incorporating road capacity constraints, multiple sources, congestion factor, and scalability. We formally define the contraflow problem based on graph theory and provide a framework of computational workload to classify our approaches. A greedy heuristic is designed to produce high quality solutions with significant performance. A bottleneck relief heuristic is developed to deal with large numbers of evacuees. We evaluate the proposed approaches both analytically and experimentally using real world datasets. Experimental results show that our contraflow approaches can reduce evacuation time by 40% or more.
Prevalence and number of Salmonella in retail pork sausages (2003)

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of Salmonella in Irish pork sausage at retail level. Samples, comprising branded prepacked sausages, loose sausages from supermarket meat counters and butcher shops, were collected from selected retail sites in four cities from October to December 2001 and from June to August 2002. A 3-tube Most Probable Number (MPN) method was used to enumerate Salmonella in a selected number of samples, which were positive by enrichment. Salmonella serotypes were detected in 4.4% and 1.7% of samples at each of the respective sampling periods; a level similar to those reported in other U.S. and U.K. studies. Limited results available on enumeration suggest that contamination rates were low. This study revealed that Salmonella are present in a proportion of Irish sausages and further risk analysis work is necessary in order to quantify the risk posed to public health. Keywords: control programme, enumeration, serology, bacteriology, food safety.
Determination of Residues Responsible for Substrate and Product Specificity of <i>Solanum habrochaites</i> Short-Chain cis-Prenyltransferases   (2013)

Isoprenoids are diverse compounds that have their biosynthetic origin in the initial condensation of isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate to form C10 prenyl diphosphates that can be elongated by the addition of subsequent isopentenyl diphosphate units. These reactions are catalyzed by either cis-prenyltransferases (CPTs) or trans-prenyltransferases. The synthesis of volatile terpenes in plants typically proceeds through either geranyl diphosphate (C10) or trans-farnesyl diphosphate (C15), to yield monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, respectively. However, terpene biosynthesis in glandular trichomes of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and related wild relatives also occurs via the cis-substrates neryl diphosphate (NPP) and 2Z,6Z-farnesyl diphosphate (Z,Z-FPP). NPP and Z,Z-FPP are synthesized by neryl diphosphate synthase1 (NDPS1) and Z,Z-farnesyl diphosphate synthase (zFPS), which are encoded by the orthologous CPT1 locus in tomato and Solanum habrochaites, respectively. In this study, comparative sequence analysis of NDPS1 and zFPS enzymes from S. habrochaites accessions that synthesize either monoterpenes or sesquiterpenes was performed to identify amino acid residues that correlate with the ability to synthesize NPP or Z,Z-FPP. Subsequent structural modeling, coupled with site-directed mutagenesis, highlighted the importance of four amino acids located within conserved domain II of CPT enzymes that form part of the second α-helix, for determining substrate and product specificity of these enzymes. In particular, the relative positioning of aromatic amino acid residues at positions 100 and 107 determines the ability of these enzymes to synthesize NPP or Z,Z-FPP. This study provides insight into the biochemical evolution of terpene biosynthesis in the glandular trichomes of Solanum species.
Domains of the growth hormone receptor required for association and activation of JAK2 tyrosine kinase. (1994)

Growth hormone (GH) has recently been shown to activate the GH receptor (GHR)-associated tyrosine kinase JAK2. In the present study, regions of the GHR required for JAK2 association with GHR were identified. GH-dependent JAK2 association with GHR was detected in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing wild-type GHR (GHR1-638) or GHR truncated at amino acid 454 (GHR1-454) or 380 (GHR1-380). JAK2 did not associate with GHR in cells expressing GHR truncated at amino acid 294 (GHR1-294) or when amino acids 297-311 containing a proline-rich motif were deleted (GHR delta P) or prolines 300, 301, 303, and 305 in the proline-rich motif were mutated to alanines (GHR4P-->A). Cross-linking 125I-human GH to GHR demonstrated that GHR mutants migrated with the appropriate molecular weight, with the exception of GHR4P-->A which migrated as a protein similar in size to GHR1-294. In studies performed in CHO and RIN-5AH cells, the ability of JAK2 to associate with the mutated GHR was found to correlate with GH-dependent activation of JAK2, tyrosyl phosphorylation of GHR (in the case of GHR1-638 and GHR1-454), and the ability of the GHR to copurify with tyrosine kinase activity. In CHO cells expressing mutated GHR, GH-dependent tyrosyl phosphorylation of cellular proteins (p121, p97, p42, and p39) was dependent on the ability to activate JAK2. No proteins showed increased tyrosyl phosphorylation in CHO cells expressing GHR1-294, GHR4P-->A, or GHR delta P. Deletion of the C-terminal half (amino acids 455-638) of the GHR ablated GH-dependent tyrosyl phosphorylation of p97. Taken together, these results provide strong evidence that the N-terminal quarter of the cytoplasmic domain of GHR and within this region, the proline-rich motif, is required for association of JAK2 with GHR and GH-dependent activation of JAK2, and that tyrosines in the N-terminal half of the cytoplasmic domain of the GHR are phosphorylated by JAK2. The finding that a specific interaction with the C-terminal half of GHR appears to be necessary for p97 phosphorylation indicates that while JAK2 activation may be necessary for a full biological response to GH, it appears not to be sufficient.
The sick sinus syndrome in atrial disease (1968)

Although little basic information exists regarding atrial disease, certain clinical states can be grouped into a syndrome resulting from a failing sinoatrial (SA) node. One or more of the following symptoms appears: persistent, severe, and unexpected sinus bradycardia; cessation of sinus rhythm for short intervals with other rhythms supervening; long periods of sinus arrest without rescue rhythm, which produces cardiac arrest; untreated chronic atrial fibrillation with slow ventricular rate; no sinus rhythm after cardioversion; SA exit block. Symptoms spring from hypoperfusion of vital organs.