gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-accuracy gas flow dilutor using mass flow controllers with binary weighted flows (2002)

A high-accuracy gas flow dilutor has been developed using mass flow controllers operating at flow rates ordered in terms of factors of two. It uses a novel self-referencing calibration procedure to generate variable dilutions with a typical accuracy of ±0.4%. There is no requirement for calibration to any external standard of flow. A detailed analysis of the uncertainty of configurations giving constant total gas and constant complementary gas flow is presented. Applications of the dilutor to the analysis of standard gas mixtures and to testing the linearity of gas analysers are demonstrated.
2.5-GHz fully-integrated WiMAX transceiver IC for a compact, low-power-consumption RF module (2008)

We fabricated a fully integrated WiMAX transceiver in a 90-nm CMOS that can reduce balun and matching network components on an RF module board. Output linearity of up to 12 dBm and a wide variable gain range of 60 dB were achieved using a single-ended signal interface for the PA driver of the transmitter. A combination of a class AB amplifier and a class C amplifier is used for the driver to widen the linearity. Placing the single-ended to differential converter between the LNA and down-conversion mixer gives the receiver wide linearity without the use of a balun. The use of the improved matching network in the LNA results in an S11 of better than -20 dB at between 2.5 and 2.7 GHz. Measurement of the characteristics of a transceiver fabricated on an IC chip shows that it satisfies the WiMAX standard.
Myelodysplastic syndromes: Contemporary review and how we treat (2015)

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of clonal stem cell disorders with an inherent tendency for leukemic transformation. Diagnosis is currently based on the presence of peripheral blood cytopenias, peripheral blood and bone marrow dysplasia/blasts, and clonal cytogenetic abnormalities. With the advent of next generation sequencing, recurrent somatic mutations in genes involved in epigenetic regulation (TET2, ASXL1, EZH2, DNMT3A, IDH1/2), RNA splicing (SF3B1, SRSF2, U2AF1, ZRSR2), DNA damage response (TP53), transcriptional regulation (RUNX1, BCOR, ETV6) and signal transduction (CBL, NRAS, JAK2) have been identified in MDS. Conventional prognostication is by the revised International prognostic scoring system (IPSS-R) with additional adverse prognosis conferred by presence of ASXL1, EZH2, or TP53 mutations. Currently Food and Drug administration (FDA)-approved drugs for the treatment of MDS are not curative and their effect on survival is limited; they include the hypomethylating agents (HMA) azacitidine and decitabine and lenalidomide for MDS with isolated del(5q). To date, allogeneic stem cell transplant (ASCT) remains the only treatment option for possible cure. Given the current lack of drugs with convincing evidence of favorable effect on survival, we consider ASCT as the treatment of choice for most patients with symptomatic disease, and especially for those with high-risk disease. For nontransplant candidates, participation in clinical trials is preferred over conventional therapy. There is not one right way of treatment for patients who are not candidates for either ASCT or clinical trials and palliative drugs of choice depend on the clinical problem, such as symptomatic anemia (ESAs, danazol, HMA), thrombocytopenia (HMA), or neutropenia (myeloid growth factors). Conversely, there is no controlled evidence to support the use of iron chelating agents in MDS. Going forward, we believe it is time to incorporate mutation information in clinically derived prognostic models in MDS and encourage development of novel drugs with disease-modifying activity.
On Source Coding for Distributed Temperature Sensing with Shift-Invariant Geometries (2011)

We study the source coding problem in sensor networks deployed to monitor the evolution of spatio-temporal temperature distributions. The sensors sample the temperature field, quantize the samples and transmit the encoded samples through digital channels to some central unit, which computes an estimate of the original temperature field. Our analysis is based on the heat kernel's spectral properties, which are induced by the physics of heat diffusion. We determine rate distortion functions for various source coding schemes. In particular, we compare centralized coding, independent coding, Berger-Tung coding, and predictive quantization.
Pipelined circuit-switching: a fault-tolerant variant of wormhole routing (2003)

An effort is made to reconcile the conflicting demands of performance and fault-tolerance in interprocessor communication protocols. To this end, the authors propose a pipelined communication mechanism-pipelined circuit-switching (PCS)-which is variant of the well known wormhole routing (WR) mechanism. They present a new class of adaptive routing algorithms, misrouting backtracking-m (MB-m), made possible by PCS and proofs of some fault-tolerant properties of MB-m. The results of an experimental evaluation of PCS and MB-3 are also presented. This methodology provides performance approaching that of WR, while realizing fault-tolerant behavior that is difficult to achieve with WR.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Diffusion of Nickel in Amorphous Silicon Dioxide and Silicon Nitride Films (1969)

Nickel-59 radiotracer has been used to determine nickel diffusion coefficients in amorphous silicon dioxide and silicon nitride films between 1100° and 1490°K. Nickel distribution has been found to be Fickian with the calculated diffusivities obeying Arrhenius equation. Long diffusion times have been found to produce anomalous diffusivities in silicon nitride.
Tertiary Alkylbarbituric Acids (1936)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTertiary Alkylbarbituric AcidsA. W. Dox and W. G. BywaterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1936, 58, 5, 731–732Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1936Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1936https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01296a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01296a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views92Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hyperspectral sub-pixel target identification using least-angle regression (2010)

A novel approach to VNIR hyperspectral target identification is presented based on the Least-Angle Regression (LARS) variable selection and model building algorithm. The problem to be solved is that of accurately identifying a target's primary signature component given a sub-pixel observation. Traditional matched detectors (MF, ACE, etc.) perform well at discriminating a target from a random cluttered background, but do not perform so well at unambiguously matching an observation with its counterpart in a large spectral library containing thousands of signatures. The LARS model-building algorithm efficiently selects a parsimonious subset of a large ensemble of model terms to optimally describe a particular target observation. The LARS solution technique is a recent addition to the family of model selection algorithms that includes Stepwise Regression, Forward Selection, and Backward Elimination. LARS is particularly well-suited to this problem as it is easily modified to enforce material abundance constraints: positive coefficients that sum to unity. Other approaches generally enforce such constraints in an ad-hoc fashion or use computationally demanding nonlinear programming solution techniques. LARS enforces these constraints as an inherent property of the model while remaining as computationally efficient as traditional sequential linear least-squares solvers. We demonstrate and quantify sub-pixel material identification performance using simulated target observations tested against large signature libraries.
Automatic Code Generation from a UML model to IEC 61131-3 and system configuration tools (2005)

An agile software development approach for embedded systems has been transferred to automation and process control. With using UML 1.4, an approach was developed, which allows to generate IEC 61131-3 code from an UML-model and to import it into soft-PLCs, automatically. The generated IEC 61131 code consists of ST and SFC. Besides, the system architecture is part of the UML-model, which bridges the gap between hard and software engineering. This approach was evaluated by using a sorting machine and by automation experts. The work is embedded in a development of UML for process automation and usability test of UML with automation engineers.
The HERMES humanoid system: A platform for full-body teleoperation with balance feedback (2015)

The HERMES humanoid robot system is designed for studying whole-body human-in-the-loop control with balance feedback. Inspired by the innate physical control capabilities of humans as well as the capacity for creative learning, we explore the use of the full-body of the human operator as the controller for a humanoid robot. The state of balance of the robot is displayed as sensory feedback to the human operator applied as force to the waist in order to stimulate corrective teleoperated control actions. This paper addresses the design considerations for such a system and shows initial results for human-in-the-loop-balance control as well as a wall-breaking demonstration that summarizes the breadth of capabilities of the system. Initial results show that the operator can respond to an impact disturbance on the robot within 175 ms and 125 ms after the robot's center of pressure begins to move.
Programmable Live‐Cell CRISPR Imaging with Toehold‐Switch‐Mediated Strand Displacement (2020)

The widespread application of CRISPR-Cas9 has transformed genome engineering. Nevertheless, the precision to control the targeting activity of Cas9 requires further improvement. We report a toehold-switch-based approach to engineer the conformation of single guide RNA (sgRNA) for programmable activation of Cas9. This activation circuit is responsive to multiple inputs and can regulate the conformation of the sgRNA through toehold-switch-mediated strand displacement. We demonstrate the orthogonal suppression and activation of Cas9 with orthogonal DNA inputs. Combination of toehold switches leads to a variety of intracellular Cas9 activation programs with simultaneous and orthogonal responses, through which multiple genome loci are displayed in different colors in a controllable manner. This approach provides a new route for programing CRISPR in living cells for genome imaging and engineering.
Investigation of text-independent speaker indentification over telephone channels (2005)

In this paper, we examine several methods for text-independent speaker identification of telephone speech with limited duration data, The issue addressed is the assessment of channel characteristics, especially linear aspects, and methods for improving speaker identification performance when the speaker to be identified is on a different telephone channel than that data used for training. We show experimental evidence illustrating the cross-channel problem and also show that the direct approach, of using simple channel-invariant features, can discard much speaker dependent information. The methods we have found to be most effective rely on the training process to incorporate channel variability.
The in vitro transcription-translation of DNA and RNA templates by extracts of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. Optimization and comparison of template specificity with Escherichia coli extracts and in vivo synthesis. (1982)

A DNA-directed coupled transcription-translation system has been developed in cell-free extracts from the facultative phototroph, Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. The in vitro protein-synthesizing system was active when prepared from either chemoheterotrophically or photoheterotrophically grown cells. Optimal activity was dependent upon: use of extracts prepared freshly from early exponential phase cells, the method of cell breakage, and the length of preincubation of the extract (S-30), as well as the concentrations of S-30, template, and cations. The R. sphaeroides cell-free system was compared to one prepared from Escherichia coli. DNA templates tested included R. sphaeroides phage RS1 DNA and E. coli phages T4 and T7 DNA, as well as plasmids RSF1010, pBR322, pSL25 (a pBR322 derivative), and a chimeric plasmid of pSL25 and RSF1010. One RNA template, phage R17, was also employed to test translational fidelity. Transcriptional-translational specificity was observed between R. sphaeroides and E. coli and these observations are discussed in terms of differential gene expression among phylogenetically distinct groups of bacteria.
Multilayer Direct-Writing of Electrical Conductors With Gold Nanoinks Using the Fountain-Pen Principle (2005)

Previous publications showed the potential of gold nanoparticle inks in microelectronic manufacturing. The main advantage of using nanoparticles for the production of microelectronic conductors is their low melting point. Indeed the melting point of gold nanoparticles decreases dramatically with decreasing size. This interesting property presents us with an uncomplicated way in which to produce electronic conductors on plastics, thus manufacture flexible electronics. Microelectronic applications which make use of materials other than silicon make their appearance ever more often. In this paper we present a method of manufacturing multilayered electronic circuits using a scanning-probe-inspired technology to deposit and anneal a gold nanoink on various substrates. We then tested the quality of this technology by applying it to a real complete electronic circuit.
A Calculus for Protocol Specification and Validation. (1983)

The results of a research in progress at the Istituto di Fisica Generale Applicata--University of Milan--on natural and anthropogenic elements' determination in mosses as biological indicators are shown. The analytical technique was the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry. The chosen areas for a preliminary pollution mapping were Italian Central Alps (Valmalenco and Valtellina) and the hills around Como (pre-Alps); in addition, a group of mosses was from Monza Park, near Milan.
What Do We Do with Missing Data? Some Options for Analysis of Incomplete Data (2004)

Missing data are a pervasive problem in many public health investigations. The standard approach is to restrict the analysis to subjects with complete data on the variables involved in the analysis. Estimates from such analysis can be biased, especially if the subjects who are included in the analysis are systematically different from those who were excluded in terms of one or more key variables. Severity of bias in the estimates is illustrated through a simulation study in a logistic regression setting. This article reviews three approaches for analyzing incomplete data. The first approach involves weighting subjects who are included in the analysis to compensate for those who were excluded because of missing values. The second approach is based on multiple imputation where missing values are replaced by two or more plausible values. The final approach is based on constructing the likelihood based on the incomplete observed data. The same logistic regression example is used to illustrate the basic concepts and methodology. Some software packages for analyzing incomplete data are described.
Fractionation of the Cardiac Output of Rats with Isotopic Potassium (1956)

A single injection of K 42 given intravenously is initially distributed among the organs in proportion to the blood flow through them. By determining the organ content of K 42 after such an injection the cardiac output may be fractionated. The conditions and limitations of the method are discussed and values are given for the fractional distribution of the cardiac output in the rat.
Schmallenberg Virus Pathogenesis, Tropism and Interaction with the Innate Immune System of the Host (2013)

Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is an emerging orthobunyavirus of ruminants associated with outbreaks of congenital malformations in aborted and stillborn animals. Since its discovery in November 2011, SBV has spread very rapidly to many European countries. Here, we developed molecular and serological tools, and an experimental in vivo model as a platform to study SBV pathogenesis, tropism and virus-host cell interactions. Using a synthetic biology approach, we developed a reverse genetics system for the rapid rescue and genetic manipulation of SBV. We showed that SBV has a wide tropism in cell culture and "synthetic" SBV replicates in vitro as efficiently as wild type virus. We developed an experimental mouse model to study SBV infection and showed that this virus replicates abundantly in neurons where it causes cerebral malacia and vacuolation of the cerebral cortex. These virus-induced acute lesions are useful in understanding the progression from vacuolation to porencephaly and extensive tissue destruction, often observed in aborted lambs and calves in naturally occurring Schmallenberg cases. Indeed, we detected high levels of SBV antigens in the neurons of the gray matter of brain and spinal cord of naturally affected lambs and calves, suggesting that muscular hypoplasia observed in SBV-infected lambs is mostly secondary to central nervous system damage. Finally, we investigated the molecular determinants of SBV virulence. Interestingly, we found a biological SBV clone that after passage in cell culture displays increased virulence in mice. We also found that a SBV deletion mutant of the non-structural NSs protein (SBVΔNSs) is less virulent in mice than wild type SBV. Attenuation of SBV virulence depends on the inability of SBVΔNSs to block IFN synthesis in virus infected cells. In conclusion, this work provides a useful experimental framework to study the biology and pathogenesis of SBV.
ChemInform Abstract: Bimodal Mesopore Distribution in a Silica Prepared by Calcining a Wet Surfactant‐Containing Silicate Gel. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Invariant inference for static checking: (2002)

Static checking can verify the absence of errors in a program, but often requires written annotations or specifications. As a result, static checking can be difficult to use effectively: it can be difficult to determine a specification and tedious to annotate programs. Automated tools that aid the annotation process can decrease the cost of static checking and enable it to be more widely used.This paper describes an evaluation of the effectiveness of two techniques, one static and one dynamic, to assist the annotation process. We quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate 41 programmers using ESC/Java in a program verification task over three small programs, using Houdini for static inference and Daikon for dynamic inference. We also investigate the effect of unsoundness in the dynamic analysis.Statistically significant results show that both inference tools improve task completion; Daikon enables users to express more correct invariants; unsoundness of the dynamic analysis is little hindrance to users; and users imperfectly exploit Houdini. Interviews indicate that beginning users found Daikon to be helpful; Houdini to be neutral; static checking to be of potential practical use; and both assistance tools to have unique benefits.Our observations not only provide a critical evaluation of these two techniques, but also highlight important considerations for creating future assistance tools.
An authentication server in Java implementation of an encryption framework model and DES algorithm in Java (2002)

The present work presents a framework model for communication channel encryption with functions similar to JCE (Java cryptography extensions) of Java, which allows any encryption algorithm to be codified and used in a simple and standard way. Through this proposed framework model, it is possible to insert cryptography in a transparent way in communication channels like conventional TCP/IP sockets. Using the proposal model, an authentication server was implemented, along with the encryption algorithm DES. The results obtained through the proposed framework show that the transparency obtained makes the development of applications using communication encryption simpler and standardized, besides decreasing the occurrence of programming errors. The authentication server implemented through the proposed framework model is used by information storage systems from CEFET-PR to ensure data transmission through the Internet. The language used was Java, because of its interoperability and portability.
A role for T lymphocytes in preventing experimental herpes simplex virus type 1-induced retinitis. (1985)

We have previously shown that herpes simplex virus Type 1 (HSV-1) inoculated into the anterior chamber (AC) of one eye of BALB/c mice results in retinal destruction in the opposite eye while retinas in virus-injected eyes are preserved. In the present study, immunodeficient mice (athymic BALB/c or normal BALB/c which had received either gamma-irradiation [450 R] or cyclophosphamide [150 mg/kg treatment]), demonstrated bilateral retinal destruction upon unilateral AC inoculation of HSV-1. Reconstitution of these immunodeficient mice with spleen cells obtained from days 10-21 AC-inoculated donor mice, prior to AC inoculation of HSV-1, prevented retinal necrosis in more than 80% of both eyes. In contrast, donor cells from mice inoculated subcutaneously (SC) with HSV-1 preserved only about 30% of recipient retinas, regardless of the cell transfer time after donors received HSV-1. Normal unsensitized syngeneic donor spleen cells failed to prevent bilateral retinal necrosis in either athymic or irradiated BALB/c mice, although they eliminated recipient mortality. T cell depletion of AC- or SC-inoculated donor cells removed their retinal protective effects completely. These studies demonstrate an active role for T lymphocytes in controlling the extent of disease in a murine model of HSV-induced retinitis.