gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Innate Lymphoid Cells: Their Functional and Cellular Interactions in Decidua (2018)

Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are developmentally related cell subsets that play a major role in innate defenses against pathogens, in lymphoid organogenesis and in tissue remodeling. The best characterized ILC are natural killer (NK) cells. They are detectable in decidua in the early phases of pregnancy. During the first trimester, NK cells represent up to 50% of decidua lymphocytes. Differently from peripheral blood (PB) NK cells, decidual NK (dNK) cells are poorly cytolytic, and, instead of IFNγ, they release cytokines/chemokines that induce neo-angiogenesis, tissue remodeling, and placentation. dNK interact with resident myeloid cells and participate in the induction of regulatory T cells that play a pivotal role in maintaining an efficient fetal-maternal tolerance. dNK cells may originate from CD34<sup>+</sup> precursor cells present <i>in situ</i> and/or from immature NK cells already present in endometrial tissue and/or from PB NK cells migrated to decidua. In addition to NK cells, also ILC3 are present in human decidua during the first trimester. Decidual ILC3 include both natural cytotoxic receptor (NCR)<sup>+</sup> and NCR<sup>-</sup> cells, producing respectively IL-8/IL-22/GM-CSF and TNF/IL-17. NCR<sup>+</sup>ILC3 have been shown to establish physical and functional interactions with neutrophils that, in turn, produce factors that are crucial for pregnancy induction/maintenance and for promoting the early inflammatory phase, a fundamental process for a successful pregnancy. While NCR<sup>+</sup>ILC3 display a stable phenotype, most of NCR<sup>-</sup>ILC3 may acquire phenotypic and functional features of NCR<sup>+</sup>ILC3. In conclusion, both NK cells and ILC3 are present in human decidua and may establish functional interactions with immune and myeloid cells playing an important role both in innate defenses and in tissue building/remodeling/placentation during the early pregnancy. It is conceivable that altered numbers or function of these cells may play a role in pregnancy failure.
Biomimetic Thin-Film Synthesis (1992)

Surfaces derivatized with organic functional groups were used to promote the deposition of thin films of inorganic minerals. These derivatized surfaces were designed to mimic the nucleation proteins that control mineral deposition during formation of bone, shell and other hard tissues in living organisms. By use of derivatized substrates, control was obtained over the phase of mineral deposited, the orientation of the crystal lattice, and the location of deposition. These features are of considerable importance in many technically important thin films, coatings, and composite materials. Methods of derivatizing surfaces are considered and examples of controlled mineral deposition are presented.
Carboplatin and Paclitaxel in Combination With Either Vorinostat or Placebo for First-Line Therapy of Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2009)

PURPOSE Vorinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, exerts anticancer effects by both histone and nonhistone-mediated mechanisms. It also enhances the anticancer effects of platinum compounds and taxanes in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. This phase II randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study evaluated the efficacy of vorinostat in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel in patients with advanced-stage NSCLC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with previously untreated stage IIIB (ie, wet) or IV NSCLC were randomly assigned (2:1) to carboplatin (area under the curve, 6 mg/mL x min) and paclitaxel (200 mg/m(2) day 3) with either vorinostat (400 mg by mouth daily) or placebo. Vorinostat or placebo was given on days 1 through 14 of each 3-week cycle to a maximum of six cycles. The primary end point was comparison of the response rate. Results Ninety-four patients initiated protocol therapy. Baseline patient characteristics were similar between the two arms. The median number of cycles was four for both treatment arms. The confirmed response rate was 34% with vorinostat versus 12.5% with placebo (P = .02). There was a trend toward improvement in median progression-free survival (6.0 months v 4.1 months; P = .48) and overall survival (13.0 months v 9.7 months; P = .17) in the vorinostat arm. Grade 4 platelet toxicity was more common with vorinostat (18% v 3%; P < .05). Nausea, emesis, fatigue, dehydration, and hyponatremia also were more frequent with vorinostat. CONCLUSION Vorinostat enhances the efficacy of carboplatin and paclitaxel in patients with advanced NSCLC. HDAC inhibition is a promising therapeutic strategy for treatment of NSCLC.
A State-of-the-Art Review on Segmentation Algorithms in Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Images (2012)

Over the past two decades, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) image segmentation has remained a challenge for researchers while the use of this imaging modality is rapidly growing in catheterization procedures and in research studies. IVUS provides cross-sectional grayscale images of the arterial wall and the extent of atherosclerotic plaques with high spatial resolution in real time. In this paper, we review recently developed image processing methods for the detection of media-adventitia and luminal borders in IVUS images acquired with different transducers operating at frequencies ranging from 20 to 45 MHz. We discuss methodological challenges, lack of diversity in reported datasets, and weaknesses of quantification metrics that make IVUS segmentation still an open problem despite all efforts. In conclusion, we call for a common reference database, validation metrics, and ground-truth definition with which new and existing algorithms could be benchmarked.
Detection of generalized tonic–clonic seizures by a wireless wrist accelerometer: A prospective, multicenter study (2013)

Our objective was to assess the clinical reliability of a wrist-worn, wireless accelerometer sensor for detecting generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS). Seventy-three consecutive patients (age 6-68 years; median 37 years) at risk of having GTCS and who were admitted to the long-term video-electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring unit (LTM) were recruited in three centers. The reference standard was considered the seizure time points identified by experienced clinical neurophysiologists, based on the video-EEG recordings and blinded to the accelerometer sensor data. Seizure time points detected real-time by the sensor were compared with the reference standard. Patients were monitored for 17-171 h (mean 66.8; total 4,878). Thirty-nine GTCS were recorded in 20 patients. The device detected 35 seizures (89.7%). In 16 patients all seizures were detected. In three patients more than two thirds of the seizures were detected. The mean of the sensitivity calculated for each patient was 91%. The mean detection latency measured from the start of the focal seizure preceding the secondarily GTCS was 55 s (95% confidence interval [CI] 38-73 s). The rate of false alarms was 0.2/day. Our results suggest that the wireless wrist accelerometer sensor detects GTCS with high sensitivity and specificity. Patients with GTCS have an increased risk for injuries related to seizures and for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), and many nocturnal seizures remain undetected in unattended patients. A portable automatic seizure detection device will be an important tool for helping these patients.
USE OF FROZEN-DRIED CORNEA AS TRANSPLANT MATERIAL (1947)

KERATOPLASTY has reached the stage today at which the demand for donor corneas has exceeded the supply. The small supply is largely due to the difficulty in preserving all available corneal tissue until the time at which it is needed. With the present methods of preservation, corneal tissue held over seventy-two hours is believed to be unsatisfactory for transplantation. Such tissue is usually kept in Ringer's solution or isotonic solution of sodium chloride or in a moist chamber at a temperature of 2 or 3 C.<sup>1</sup>In an effort to increase the donor supply, the present experiment was undertaken. The purpose of the experiment was to determine the value of frozen-dried cornea (Weiss method)<sup>2</sup>for corneal transplantation, as suggested by the preliminary experiments with rat cornea of Weiss and Taylor.<sup>3</sup> <h3>METHOD</h3> Transplants of frozen-dried rabbit cornea, prepared by Dr. Paul Weiss, were attempted on 75 normal rabbit
Ueber das 1‐ und 2‐Brom‐cumaron (1902)

Eingegangen am 17
Bistability in Electrically Writable Non-Volatile Polymer Memory Devices (2008)

In recent years, interest in applications of organic materials in electronic devices (light emitting diodes, field effect transistors, solar cells), has increased rapidly. The advantages of organic materials are the ease of processing, lower production costs and structural flexibility allowing achievement of the desired electrical and mechanical characteristics. Very recently, there have been demonstrations of blends of polymer and metal nanoparticles and/or small organic molecules in memory devices; such memory devices are called polymer memory devices (PMDs). These devices show two electrical conductance states (“high” and “low”) when voltage is applied, thus rendering the structures suitable for data retention. These two states can be viewed as the realisation of non-volatile electrical memory. There is always growing need to look for inexpensive, fast, high-density memory devices with longer retention times and PMDs do possess some of these aforesaid criteria. Albeit, there is a rapid development in this area, the memory mechanism is still unclear. This work attempts to analyse the memory effect in PMDs and proposes a theory based on experimental data. The thin film polymer blends (polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol and polystyrene) and small organic molecules were deposited by spin coating onto a glass substrate marked with thin metal tracks. A top contact was evaporated onto the blend after drying this resulted in a metal-organic-metal (MOM) structure. MOM devices with different metal electrodes (a series of metals with different work functions Al, In,Cu,Cr, Ag and Au) were used to understand the exact electrical transport mechanism through the blend and the individual polymers. An in-depth electrical analysis of these MOM devices was carried out using an HP4140B picoammeter (current-voltage) and an LCR HP4192 bridge. FTIR and UV-VIS spectroscopy were also conducted in order to understand blend properties and the effect of the same, if any, on the electrical charging mechanism in the PMDs. INTRODUCTION Organic materials exhibit very interesting properties and in recent years the interest to use these materials in electronic device has shown a rapid increase. For example, numerous organic materials have been proposed and demonstrated for their possible applications in solar cells, thin film transistors and light emitting diodes for the last two decades [1,2,3]. Recently, the use of organic materials has been demonstrated in electrical memory device [4-7]. Memory effect has been reported in a large variety of organic materials and device configurations. The fundamental structure of organic memory devices consists of cross-point elements with two parallel top and * Contact author email: spaul@dmu.ac.uk Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 1114 © 2009 Materials Research Society 1114-G12-09
High-Performance Multi-Transport MPI Design for Ultra-Scale InfiniBand Clusters (2009)

I would like to thank my adviser, Prof. D
Carboxylation of Potassium Phenoxide with Potassium Alkyl Carbonates in Solvents (1970)

窒素ガス中石炭酸カリウムと等モルのメチル炭酸カリウムとの反応を 20 種の溶媒中で行ない, p-ヒドロキシ安息香酸 (POB), サリチル酸, 4-ヒドロキシイソフタル酸などの生成比および全酸収率におよぼす溶媒の効果を比較検討した。その結果無溶媒反応の場合より全酸収率, POB 比ともに増加したが, ジメチルホルムアミド, シクロヘキサノン, ニトロベンゼン中においては収率が著しく低下した。しかし炭酸ガスが存在すれば, ジメチルホルムアミド中においてもメチル炭酸カリウムを添加した効果が認められた。つぎに有効な溶媒の一つである灯油中において種々の反応条件を検討したところ, 窒素ガス中2時間反応の場合, 200℃ 以上の高温で POBを主成分 (生成比 95% 以上) とするヒドロキシ酸が 80% 以上の収率で得られた。またメチル炭酸カリウムの代りに種々のアルキル (C1～C8) 炭酸カリウムを用いてアルキル基の影響を検討したところ, 全酸収率および POB 比は炭素数が増加すれば減少したが, カルボキシル化率はむしろ増加する傾向がみられた。
Designing superhydrophobic surfaces using fluorosilsesquioxane-urethane hybrid and porous silicon gradients (2008)

Here we describe a new class of near superhydrophobic surfaces formed using fluorinated polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane (FluoroPOSS) urethane hybrids and porous silicon gradients (pSi). We demonstrate that the surface segregation behavior of the hydrophobic fluoro component can be controlled by the type and nature of chain extender of the urethane and resultant hydrophobic association via intra or intermolecular aggregation. The surface film formed exhibits near superhydrophobicity. This work has significant potential for applications in antifouling and self-cleaning coatings, biomedical devices, microfluidic systems and tribological surfaces.
Listeriolysin O as cytotoxic component of an immunotoxin (2009)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been developed over the past years as promising anticancer therapeutics. The conjugation of tumor specific mAbs with cytotoxic molecules has been shown to improve their efficacy dramatically. These bifunctional immunotoxins, consisting of covalently linked antibodies and protein toxins, possess considerable potential in cancer therapy. Many of them are under investigation in clinical trials. As a result of general interest in new toxic components, we describe here the suitability of the bacterial protein Listeriolysin O (LLO) as cytotoxic component of an immunotoxin. Unique characteristics of LLO, such as its acidic pH optimum and the possibility to regulate the cytolytic activity by cysteine-oxidation, make LLO an interesting toxophore. Oxidized LLO shows a substantially decreased cytolytic activity when compared with the reduced protein as analyzed by hemolysis. Both oxidized and reduced LLO exhibit a cell-type-unspecific toxicity in cell culture with a significantly higher toxicity of reduced LLO. For cell-type-specific targeting of LLO to tumor cells, LLO was coupled to the dsFv fragment of the monoclonal antibody B3, which recognizes the tumor-antigen Lewis Y. The coupling of LLO to dsFv-B3 was performed via cysteine-containing polyionic fusion peptides that act as a specific heterodimerization motif. The novel immunotoxin B3-LLO could be shown to specifically eliminate antigen positive MCF7 cells with an EC(50) value of 2.3 nM, whereas antigen negative cell lines were 80- to 250-fold less sensitive towards B3-LLO.
<i>MCD4</i>Encodes a Conserved Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane Protein Essential for Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchor Synthesis in Yeast (1999)

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins are cell surface-localized proteins that serve many important cellular functions. The pathway mediating synthesis and attachment of the GPI anchor to these proteins in eukaryotic cells is complex, highly conserved, and plays a critical role in the proper targeting, transport, and function of all GPI-anchored protein family members. In this article, we demonstrate that MCD4, an essential gene that was initially identified in a genetic screen to isolate Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants defective for bud emergence, encodes a previously unidentified component of the GPI anchor synthesis pathway. Mcd4p is a multimembrane-spanning protein that localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and contains a large NH2-terminal ER lumenal domain. We have also cloned the human MCD4 gene and found that Mcd4p is both highly conserved throughout eukaryotes and has two yeast homologues. Mcd4p's lumenal domain contains three conserved motifs found in mammalian phosphodiesterases and nucleotide pyrophosphases; notably, the temperature-conditional MCD4 allele used for our studies (mcd4-174) harbors a single amino acid change in motif 2. The mcd4-174 mutant (1) is defective in ER-to-Golgi transport of GPI-anchored proteins (i.e., Gas1p) while other proteins (i.e., CPY) are unaffected; (2) secretes and releases (potentially up-regulated cell wall) proteins into the medium, suggesting a defect in cell wall integrity; and (3) exhibits marked morphological defects, most notably the accumulation of distorted, ER- and vesicle-like membranes. mcd4-174 cells synthesize all classes of inositolphosphoceramides, indicating that the GPI protein transport block is not due to deficient ceramide synthesis. However, mcd4-174 cells have a severe defect in incorporation of [3H]inositol into proteins and accumulate several previously uncharacterized [3H]inositol-labeled lipids whose properties are consistent with their being GPI precursors. Together, these studies demonstrate that MCD4 encodes a new, conserved component of the GPI anchor synthesis pathway and highlight the intimate connections between GPI anchoring, bud emergence, cell wall function, and feedback mechanisms likely to be involved in regulating each of these essential processes. A putative role for Mcd4p as participating in the modification of GPI anchors with side chain phosphoethanolamine is also discussed.
Localizing central nervous system immune surveillance: Meningeal antigen‐presenting cells activate T cells during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2008)

These results support the concept that immune surveillance of the central nervous system involves the subarachnoid space and indicate that the leptomeninges play an important role in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis initiation.
Arrangement of Substituents in Cellulose Derivatives (1939)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTArrangement of Substituents in Cellulose DerivativesH. M. SpurlinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1939, 61, 8, 2222–2227Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1939Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1939https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01877a070https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01877a070research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views342Altmetric-Citations104LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rates of vertical groundwater movement estimated from the Earth's thermal profile (1965)

An analytical solution is developed describing vertical steady flow of groundwater and heat through an isotropic, homogeneous, and fully saturated semiconfining layer. A type‐curve method for estimating groundwater velocities from temperature data is presented.
Foscarnet for suppression of human immunodeficiency virus replication (1994)

The effect of foscarnet against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was evaluated in nine HIV-infected individuals; six completed 28 days of induction therapy. The overall mean increase in CD4+ lymphocytes was 64 cells per mm3. The mean decline in the HIV antigen concentration was 108 pg/ml (P = 0.03), and suppression was related to systemic foscarnet exposure by a maximum-effect pharmacodynamic model.
Information Retrieval for E-Discovery (2013)

E-discovery refers generally to the process by which one party (for example, the plaintiff) is entitled to “discover” evidence in the form of “electronically stored information” that is held by another party (for example, the defendant), and that is relevant to some matter that is the subject of civil litigation (that is, what is commonly called a “lawsuit”). This survey describes the emergence of the field, identifies the information retrieval issues that arise, reviews the work to date on this topic, and summarizes major open issues. E-discovery refers generally to the process by which one party (for example, the plaintiff) is entitled to discover evidence in the form of electronically stored information that is held by another party (for example, the defendant), and that is relevant to some matter that is the subject of civil litigation (that is, what is commonly called a “lawsuit”). Information Retrieval for E-Discovery describes the emergence of the field, identifies the information retrieval issues that arise, reviews the work to date on this topic, and summarizes major open issues. Information Retrieval for E-Discovery is an ideal primer for anyone with an interest in e-discovery; be it researchers who first practiced law but now study information retrieval, or those who studied information retrieval but now practice law.
Evaluation of the TECRA immunocapture ELISA for the detection of Salmonella typhimurium in foods (1993)

The TECRA immunocapture ELISA was compared with the standard Food and Drug Administration (FDA) method for the detection of Salmonella typhimurium. A variety of foods including dairy (butter, cheese, milk powder, yoghurt and Fromage frais), meat, vegetable and fish products were examined. There was close agreement between the results using the ELISA and the FDA procedure over 176 tests. The ELISA and FDA methods both detected a lower limit of 0.4 cfu Salmonella typhimurium g‐1 in the original food sample but the ELISA result was obtained in 24 h compared with 96 h for the FDA test.
The role of operant conditioning in chronic pain: an experimental investigation (2002)

The role of operant conditioning for the development and maintenance of chronic pain was examined in 30 chronic back pain patients (CBP) and 30 matched healthy controls. Half of each group was reinforced for increased, half for decreased pain reports while EEG, EOG, heart rate, skin conductance and muscle tension levels were recorded. Both groups showed similar learning rates, however, the CBP patients displayed slower extinction of both the verbal and the cortical (N150) pain response. In addition, the CBP group displayed prolonged elevated electromyogram levels to the task. These data suggest that CBP patients are more easily influenced by operant conditioning factors than healthy controls and this susceptibility may add to the maintenance of the chronic pain problem.
Isolation and NH<sub>2</sub>‐terminal sequence of a novel porcine anterior pituitary polypeptide (1982)

An Mr 21 000 polypeptide, designated APPG, has been purified by reverse-phase, high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), from acid extracts of porcine anterior pituitary glands. This acidic protein possesses an isoelectric point of 4.9. Amino acid analysis shows that it is not a glycoprotein and estimates it to contain about 173 amino acids. NH2-terminal sequence analysis allowed the determination of the first 50 residues unambiguously. A computer data bank search using a mutation data matrix and comparison with 269 012 protein segments indicated that this is a novel polypeptide sequence. However, this search revealed suggestive sequence homologies to a number of peptides of known sequence, including duck proinsulin (30%), Rous sarcoma virus transforming protein TVFV60 (24%) and pig secretin (26%).