gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compact drive system for planetary rovers and space manipulators (2015)

Space robotics requires a new generation of actuators that have high torque densities and high efficiencies, high positioning resolutions, high torque capacities and torsional stiffnesses. Ideally they should be lightweight and low-cost. This paper presents a new hardware actuator technology concept to address the above needs. In the concept, a compact integrated motor-transmission-joint mechanism is optimized for size and torque density, while providing good joint support. This is achieved by novel arrangement of multi-function mechanical components and external-rotor motor technology and advantageous use of structural symmetry. Finite element results show the potential to deliver more than 200 Nm of continuous torque at 50 Deg/s in a package as small as a human elbow joint. With its small size and weight and its large torque output, the proposed actuator concept could benefit numerous applications, ranging from space manipulators to actuated prosthetics and medical devices.
Full scale simulation of a FEA based electron source for free electron lasers (2006)

This paper employs a two-step procedure, first a parametrization of the behavior of individual emitters followed by a simulation of the total field emitter arrays (FEA) inside the diode describing the emitters themselves by an equivalent distribution of the emitted electrons in space and momentum. Instead of solving the six dimensional Vlasov's equation, the particle-in-cell algorithm to model particle dynamics is employed.
Interface design for mobile commerce (2003)

Understanding the unique characteristics of m-commerce to enhance and improve the user interface.
Enhancement of Electrochemical Performance of LiMn2O4 Spinel Cathode Material by Synergetic Substitution with Ni and S (2016)

Nickel and sulfur doped lithium manganese spinels with a nominal composition of LiMn<sub>2-<i>x</i></sub>Ni<i><sub>x</sub></i>O<sub>4-<i>y</i></sub>S<i><sub>y</sub></i> (0.1 ≤ <i>x</i> ≤ 0.5 and <i>y</i> = 0.01) were synthesized by a xerogel-type sol-gel method followed by subsequent calcinations at 300 and 650 °C in air. The samples were investigated in terms of physicochemical properties using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (EDS-TEM), N₂ adsorption-desorption measurements (N₂-BET), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and electrical conductivity studies (EC). Electrochemical characteristics of Li/Li⁺/LiMn<sub>2-<i>x</i></sub>Ni<i><sub>x</sub></i>O<sub>4-<i>y</i></sub>S<i><sub>y</sub></i> cells were examined by galvanostatic charge/discharge tests (CELL TEST), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The XRD showed that for samples calcined at 650 °C containing 0.1 and 0.2 mole of Ni single phase materials of Fd-3m group symmetry and nanoparticles size of around 50 nm were obtained. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping confirmed homogenous distribution of nickel and sulfur in the obtained spinel materials. Moreover, it was revealed that the adverse phase transition at around room temperature typical for the stoichiometric spinel was successfully suppressed by Ni and S substitution. Electrochemical results indicated that slight substitution of nickel (<i>x</i> = 0.1) and sulfur (<i>y</i> = 0.01) in the LiMn₂O₄ enhances the electrochemical performance along with the rate capability and capacity retention.
A software radio architecture for multi-channel digital upconversion and downconversion using generalized polyphase filterbanks with frequency offset correction (2003)

Polyphase filterbanks (PFBs) provide a computationally efficient approach to extracting channels of arbitrary bandwidth from a wideband signal. This technique, know as digital downconversion, would find use in software radio applications. Conversely, PFBs can also be used to perform digital upconversion, a process in which a wideband signal is constructed from several narrowband channels. In this paper, we apply the PFB technique to the IS-136 standard (North American Digital TDMA). Since the IS-136 standard requires non-overlapping adjacent channel filter masks, we show in this paper that the Generalized PFB is the optimal architecture given the non-integer sampling rate conversion that is needed to go from IF to baseband. Since frequency offset correction is an important consideration for radio receivers, we also present an augmented GPFB architecture that intrinsically performs frequency offset correction.
Franklin D. Roosevelt's Psychological Contribution To The United Nations (2005)

FDR promoted U.S. participation in the United Nations in several ways. In this article I focus on his use of mass communication to reach individuals and families in the U.S. In his ''fireside chats, " he empathically addressed widely experienced problems and then proposed solutions requiring publicly supported governmental actions. In his first term, that technique gained Roosevelt popular support for the New Deal programs. In his second term, FDR turned the nation's attention to the international situation, drawing on the motivations he had earlier tapped. In the 1940 election, both major parties chose internationalist candidates, and Roosevelt was able in his third term (and brief fourth term) to develop the internationalist idea embodied in the United Nations.
Comparison of spatial normalization procedures and their impact on functional maps (2002)

The alignment accuracy and impact on functional maps of four spatial normalization procedures have been compared using a set of high resolution brain MRIs and functional PET volumes acquired in 20 subjects. Simple affine (AFF), fifth order polynomial warp (WRP), discrete cosine basis functions (SPM), and a movement model based on full multi grid (FMG) approaches were applied on the same dataset for warping individual volumes onto the Human Brain Atlas (HBA) template. Intersubject averaged structural volumes and tissue probability maps were compared across normalization methods and to the standard brain. Thanks to the large number of degrees of freedom of the technique, FMG was found to provide enhanced alignment accuracy as compared to the other three methods, both for the grey and white matter tissues; WRP and SPM exhibited very similar performances whereas AFF had the lowest registration accuracy. SPM, however, was found to perform better than the other methods for the intra-cerebral cerebrospinal fluid (mainly in the ventricular compartments). Limited differences in terms of activation morphology and detection sensitivity were found between low resolution functional maps (FWHM approximately 10 mm) spatially normalized with the four methods, which overlapped in 42.8% of the total activation volume. These findings suggest that the functional variability is much larger than the anatomical one and that precise alignment of anatomical features has low influence on the resulting intersubject functional maps. When increasing the spatial resolution to approximately 6 mm, however, differences in localization of activated areas appear as a consequence of the different spatial normalization procedure used, restricting the overlap of the normalized activated volumes to only 6.2%.
Recruitment, Distribution, and Feeding Habits of Young-of-the-Year California Halibut {Paralichthys californicus) in the Vicinity of Alamitos Bay-Long Beach Harbor, California, 1983-1985 (1988)

Distribution, recruitment, and feeding habits of young-of-the-year (YOY,SL) California halibut were investigated during the spring and early summer months of 1983-1985 in shallow water (0-6 m) near Alamitos Bay- Long Beach Harbor. YOY halibut were most abundant in fully-protected waters; semi-protected waters contained one-half to one-quarter the number of YOY halibut. No YOY halibut were collected at the exposed coast site. Newly recruited halibut ranged from 8 to 1 2 mm SL and were approximately 20 to 29 days old. Gammarid amphipods, mysids, teleosts, and harpacticoid copepods were the major food items of YOY halibut. Recruitment was signifi- cantly greater in 1983 and 1984 than in 1985 (catch-per-unit-effbrt in 1983 > 1984 > 1985).
Surface micromachined MEMS-tunable VCSELs with wide and fast wavelength tuning (2011)

For the first time a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) with singlemode wavelength tuning over 74 nm in the range of 1.55 µm and a wavelength tuning speed of ∼200 kHz is demonstrated. The wavelength tuning is achieved with the electro static actuated of a mirror membrane, fabricated with surface micromachining. The mirror membrane consists of the dielectric materials SiOx and SiNy deposited with low temperature (<100°C) plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition. The maximum fibre-coupled optical output power of the VCSEL is 1.8 mW and >1 mW over the entire tuning range. The sidemode suppression ratio is >40 dB.
The changing face of healthcare: a patient’s experience (2021)

As technology becomes an increasingly central aspect of modern-day life, Beth Greenaway reflects on its role throughout her patient journey, what it contributes and what it threatens to take away
Flexibility in the ABC transporter MsbA: Alternating access with a twist (2007)

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are integral membrane proteins that translocate a wide variety of substrates across cellular membranes and are conserved from bacteria to humans. Here we compare four x-ray structures of the bacterial ABC lipid flippase, MsbA, trapped in different conformations, two nucleotide-bound structures and two in the absence of nucleotide. Comparison of the nucleotide-free conformations of MsbA reveals a flexible hinge formed by extracellular loops 2 and 3. This hinge allows the nucleotide-binding domains to disassociate while the ATP-binding half sites remain facing each other. The binding of the nucleotide causes a packing rearrangement of the transmembrane helices and changes the accessibility of the transporter from cytoplasmic (inward) facing to extracellular (outward) facing. The inward and outward openings are mediated by two different sets of transmembrane helix interactions. Altogether, the conformational changes between these structures suggest that large ranges of motion may be required for substrate transport.
Database systems management and Oracle8 (1998)

Oracle's corporate mission is to enable the Information Age through network computing , a vision of broader access to information for all and the empowerment and increased productivity that can result. The technology implications of the network computing vision are ubiquitous access via low-cost appliances to smaller numbers of larger databases, accessed via professionally managed networks compliant with open internetworking protocols. The latest release of the Oracle data server, Oracle8, provides new technology for management of very large databases containing rich and user-defined data types, and is continuing to evolve to make it economically beneficial to store all forms of digital information in a database.
Gene clusters governing the production of hemolysin and mannose-resistant hemagglutination are closely linked in Escherichia coli serotype O4 and O6 isolates from urinary tract infections (1984)

The genes encoding alpha-hemolysin and mannose-resistant hemagglutination were shown to be closely linked in cloned DNA from two Escherichia coli urinary tract isolates of serotypes O4 (J96) and O6 (C1212). DNA hybridization experiments demonstrated that the hly and mrh gene clusters of other E. coli O6 serotypes were also linked. Colony hybridizations showed that most normal fecal E. coli do not contain hly and mrh DNA but much of the intervening DNA between these two gene clusters is common among all E. coli. We have further demonstrated that there is a small (about 1 kilobase) region of homology located on both sides of the hly sequence and present elsewhere in the C1212 strain. We suggest that linkage of hly and mrh occurred through a transposition event, and we discuss the potential significance of this linkage in the acquisition of virulence determinants by these bacteria.
Manganese diffusion coating of steels (1977)

Manganese diffusion coatings have been developed on various carbon steels by a pack-cementation process using low-cost ferromanganese cement. The microstructures of the coatings are related to the steel composition and the manganizing treatment; in all cases, these consist of a martensitic layer directly in contact with the substrate and a superimposed γ-(FeMn) austenitic layer. For high-carbon steels, carbide layers are also formed at the external surface. The corrosion resistance is improved when the surface of the steel is enriched with manganese. However, the most interesting features of this treatment are the resulting tribological properties. The γ-(FeMn) layer is soft after manganizing but work-hardens deeply in a manner similar to Hadfield steels. After an initial period, the friction and wear behaviour is better than that of the untreated steels due to the rapid formation of a thick oxide layer on the wear track. Mechanical applications such as bearings and friction parts can be envisaged for this surface treatment
Neuronal expression of a newly identified Drosophila melanogaster G protein alpha 0 subunit. (1989)

Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) mediate signals between activated cell-surface receptors and cellular effectors. A bovine G-protein alpha-subunit cDNA has been used to isolate similar sequences from Drosophila genomic and cDNA libraries. One class, which we call DG alpha 0, hybridized to position 47A on the second chromosome of Drosophila. The nucleotide sequence of the protein coding region of one cDNA has been determined, revealing an alpha subunit that is 81% identical with rat alpha 0. The cDNA hybridizes strongly to a 3.8 kb mRNA and weakly with a 5.3 kb message. Antibodies raised against a trp-E-DG alpha 0 fusion protein recognized a 39,000 Da protein in Drosophila extracts. In situ hybridization to adult Drosophila sections combined with immunohistochemical studies revealed expression throughout the optic lobes and central brain and in the thoracic and abdominal ganglia. DG alpha 0 message and protein were also detected in the antennae, oocytes, and ovarian nurse cells. The neuronal expression of this gene is similar to mammalian alpha 0, which is most abundantly expressed in the brain.
Radiation Mapping in Post-Disaster Environments Using an Autonomous Helicopter (2012)

Recent events have highlighted the need for unmanned remote sensing in dangerous areas, particularly where structures have collapsed or explosions have occurred, to limit hazards to first responders and increase their efficiency in planning response operations. In the case of the Fukushima nuclear reactor explosion, an unmanned helicopter capable of obtaining overhead images, gathering radiation measurements, and mapping both the structural and radiation content of the environment would have given the response team invaluable data early in the disaster, thereby allowing them to understand the extent of the damage and areas where dangers to personnel existed. With this motivation, the Unmanned Systems Lab at Virginia Tech has developed a remote sensing system for radiation detection and aerial imaging using a 90 kg autonomous helicopter and sensing payloads for the radiation detection and imaging operations. The radiation payload, which is the sensor of focus in this paper, consists of a scintillating type detector with associated software and novel search algorithms to rapidly and effectively map and locate sources of high radiation intensity. By incorporating this sensing technology into an unmanned aerial vehicle system, crucial situational awareness can be gathered about a post-disaster environment and response efforts can be expedited. This paper details the radiation mapping and localization capabilities of this system as well as the testing of the various search algorithms using simulated radiation data. The various components of the system have been flight tested over a several-year period and a new production flight platform has been built to enhance reliability and maintainability. The new system is based on the Aeroscout B1-100 helicopter platform, which has a one-hour flight endurance and uses a COFDM radio system that gives the helicopter an effective range of 7 km.
Zinc-doping in TiO2 films to enhance electron transport in dye-sensitized solar cells under low-intensity illumination (2009)

A nanocrystalline TiO(2) film with highly dispersed Zn-doping shows its capability for efficient electron transport in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The Zn-doping is conducted via Zn(2+) introduction into a layered titanate followed by hydrothermal treatment and calcination. The Zn-doped films exhibit an elevated electron Fermi level, which may enhance band bending to lower the density of empty trap states. Because of this Zn-doping, the consequent DSSCs can alleviate the decay of light-to-electric energy conversion efficiency due to light intensity reduction. Intensity-modulated spectroscopic analysis reveals that enhanced transport of photogenerated electrons as a result of the trap density minimization is responsible for the high cell performance under low-intensity illumination. A Zn-doping content of ca. 0.4 at% Zn/Ti can enhance the light conversion efficiency by 23% at a solar light intensity as low as 11 mW cm(-2). This technique can significantly extend the indoor application of DSSCs.
Tungsten Trioxide Promoted Selective Conversion of Cellulose into Propylene Glycol and Ethylene Glycol on a Ruthenium Catalyst (2012)

Zerkleinert: Der Erfolg der Titelreaktion hängt sehr von der Domänengröße der WO3-Kristallite sowie dem Trägermaterial ab. WO3 hat eine Doppelfunktion: Es fördert die Hydrolyse der Cellulose zu Zuckerintermediaten, und es spaltet selektiv die C-C-Bindungen in den entstandenen Zuckern. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activities of the Essential Oils of<i>Cinnamomum aureofulvum</i>Gamb. (2002)

Abstract The leaf and bark oils of Cinnamomum aureofulvum Gamb. were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The leaf oil was made up predominantly of benzyl benzoate (43.4%), benzyl alcohol (8.1%) and linalool (7.3%), whereas the bark oil contained cinnamaldehyde (46.6%), linalool (14.6%) and eugenol (5.0%) as the major components. The oils were screened for antibacterial activity against two Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis) and two Gram negative bacteria (Pseudomonas cepacia and P. aeruginosa) and antifungal activity against two Candida species (C. albicans and C. glabrata) and three dermatophytes (Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and 7′. rubrum) by using the broth microdilution method. The oils exhibited insignificant activity against all the bacteria except P. aeruginosa, which was observed to be sensitive to the bark oil with MIC value of 1.87 μg/μ.L. They demonstrated moderate to strong activities towards all the fungi tested except C. glabrata, with MIC values ranging from 0.63 to 2.50 μg/μL. Among the fungi, M. canis was the most susceptible, with both oils exhibiting their lowest MIC values towards the fungi. The bark oil was found to be more effective than the leaf oil and their activity was mainly due to their respective major components.
Reduced 8-aminoquinoline analogues as potential antimalarial agents (1976)

The synthesis of 1-alkyl-8-(aminoalkylamino)-6-methyl1-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines, 8-(4'-amino-1'-methylbutylamino)-6-methoxy-1-methyl1-1,2-dihydroquinoline, 5-substituted 8-(4'-amino-1'-methylbutylamino)-1-methyl-1,2-dihydroquinolines, 8-alkylamino-1-(2-N,N-diethylaminoethyl)-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines, 1-)2-N,N-diethylaminoethyl)-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline, 1-(2-N,N-diethylaminoethyl)-8-(2-N,N-diethylaminoethylamino)-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline, and 2-substituted 8-methoxy-5,6,-dihydro-4-imidazo [i,j]quinolines is described. These compounds as well as most of the intermediates used in their preparation were tested against Plasmodium berghei in mice, and a few compounds were tested for prophylactic activity against Plasmodium cynomolgi in rhesus monkeys.
The glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucose-stimulated insulin response to exercise training and diet in obesity (2009)

Aging and obesity are characterized by decreased beta-cell sensitivity and defects in the potentiation of nutrient-stimulated insulin secretion by GIP. Exercise and diet are known to improve glucose metabolism and the pancreatic insulin response to glucose, and this effect may be mediated through the incretin effect of GIP. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a 12-wk exercise training intervention (5 days/wk, 60 min/day, 75% Vo(2 max)) combined with a eucaloric (EX, n = 10) or hypocaloric (EX-HYPO, pre: 1,945 +/- 190, post: 1,269 +/- 70, kcal/day; n = 9) diet on the GIP response to glucose in older (66.8 +/- 1.5 yr), obese (34.4 +/- 1.7 kg/m(2)) adults with impaired glucose tolerance. In addition to GIP, plasma PYY(3-36), insulin, and glucose responses were measured during a 3-h, 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Both interventions led to a significant improvement in Vo(2 max) (P < 0.05). Weight loss (kg) was significant in both groups but was greater after EX-HYPO (-8.3 +/- 1.1 vs. -2.8 +/- 0.5, P = 0.002). The glucose-stimulated insulin response was reduced after EX-HYPO (P = 0.02), as was the glucose-stimulated GIP response (P < 0.05). Furthermore, after the intervention, changes in insulin (DeltaI(0-30)/DeltaG(0-30)) and GIP (Delta(0-30)) secretion were correlated (r = 0.69, P = 0.05). The PYY(3-36) (Delta(0-30)) response to glucose was increased after both interventions (P < 0.05). We conclude that 1) a combination of caloric restriction and exercise reduces the GIP response to ingested glucose, 2) GIP may mediate the attenuated glucose-stimulated insulin response after exercise/diet interventions, and 3) the increased PYY(3-36) response represents an improved capacity to regulate satiety and potentially body weight in older, obese, insulin-resistant adults.
Angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonists exert anti‐inflammatory effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats (2007)

AT1 antagonism inhibited vessel wall inflammation and inhibition of PI3K/Akt may be involved in the modulation of the MCP-1/CCR2 system by AT1 antagonists in SHRs.