gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flux enhancement by a continuous tangential gas flow in ultrafiltration hollow fibres for drinking water production: Effects of slug flow on cake structure (1997)

A new process is proposed to reduce particulate membrane fouling by injecting air into the feed stream, creating a gas/liquid two-phase flow on the membrane surface. The injected air is supposed to form air slugs inside the hollow fibres; these slugs create high wall shear stresses and flow instabilities. These phenomena may prevent filtered particles from settling on the membrane surface, and so enhance the ultrafiltration flux. Experiments were carried out with clay suspensions in hollow fibre membranes. A range of air velocities and particle concentrations was examined. The air injection process led to an increase in the permeate flux, depending on the liquid velocity and transmembrane pressure, for all the various concentrations studied. For specific conditions, the flux can be increased by 155% using a critical gas velocity. Above this critical value, the flux is no longer enhanced. The air injection clearly modifies the cake structure, and seems to expand the cake. Evolutions of cake thickness, porosity and specific resistance with gas velocity are given and analysed.
Pressure-overload hypertrophy of the developing heart reveals activation of divergent gene and protein pathways in the left and right ventricular myocardium (2012)

Right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) myocardium differ in their pathophysiological response to pressure-overload hypertrophy. In this report we use microarray and proteomic analyses to identify pathways modulated by LV-aortic banding (AOB) and RV-pulmonary artery banding (PAB) in the immature heart. Newborn New Zealand White rabbits underwent banding of the descending thoracic aorta [LV-AOB; n = 6]. RV-PAB was achieved by banding the pulmonary artery (n = 6). Controls (n = 6 each) were sham-manipulated. After 4 (LV-AOB) and 6 (RV-PAB) wk recovery, the hearts were removed and matched RNA and proteins samples were isolated for microarray and proteomic analysis. Microarray and proteomic data demonstrate that in LV-AOB there is increased transcript expression levels for oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondria energy pathways, actin, ILK, hypoxia, calcium, and protein kinase-A signaling and increased protein expression levels of proteins for cellular macromolecular complex assembly and oxidative phosphorylation. In RV-PAB there is also an increased transcript expression levels for cardiac oxidative phosphorylation but increased protein expression levels for structural constituents of muscle, cardiac muscle tissue development, and calcium handling. These results identify divergent transcript and protein expression profiles in LV-AOB and RV-PAB and provide new insight into the biological basis of ventricular specific hypertrophy. The identification of these pathways should allow for the development of specific therapeutic interventions for targeted treatment and amelioration of LV-AOB and RV-PAB to ameliorate morbidity and mortality.
Escape routing for dense pin clusters in integrated circuits (2007)

As the design complexities and circuit densities are increasing, the detailed routing (DR) problem is becoming a more and more challenging problem. Due to the high complexity of DR algorithms, it is very important to start the routing process with clean solutions, rather than starting with suboptimal routes and trying to fix them in iterative process. In this paper, we propose an escape routing algorithm that can optimize routing of a set of nets around their terminals. For this, we first propose a polynomial-time algorithm that guarantees to find the optimal escape routing solution for a set of nets when the track structures are uniform. Then, we use this algorithm as a baseline, and study the general problem with arbitrary track structures. For this, we propose a novel multi-commodity flow (MCF) model that has a one-to-one correspondence with the escape routing problem. This MCF model is novel in the sense that the inter-dependency and contention between different flow commodities is minimal. Using this model, we propose a Lagrangian-relaxation (LR) based algorithm to solve the escape problem. Our experiments demonstrate that this algorithm improves the overall routability significantly by reducing the number of nets that require rip-up and reroute.
Notizen: Zur Kenntnis eines Magnesium-bor-wasserstoffs Mg(BH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> (1950)

Überschüssiges Diboran reagiert mit Magnesium-diäthyl in atherischer Lösung unter Bildung eines Magnesium-bor-wasser-stoffs MgH 2· 2 BH 3 = Mg(BH 4 ) 2 („Magnesium-boranat“), der sich nach Zusammensetzung und Eigenschaften in die Reihe der schon bekannten Metall-boranate Me(BH 4 ) n (n = 1, 2, 3, 4) einfügt.
Mass loss and etching of frozen hydrated specimens (1979)

SUMMARY The effects of high dose electron irradiation on frozen hydrated specimens have been studied. Samples which when dry are very stable to the electron beam are found to be severely etched in the presence of ice. Mass loss of ice greatly exceeds the rate expected from sublimation, and is caused by radiolysis. The active molecular species that are formed in this process attack material in contact with ice.
Ab initio studies of triazenes in relation to experimental findings (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAb initio studies of triazenes in relation to experimental findingsAnn Schmiedekamp, Richard H. Smith Jr., and Christopher J. MichejdaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 15, 3433–3436Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00250a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00250a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views84Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A simple direct adaptive fuzzy controller derived from its neutral equivalent (2002)

The main point argued and illustrated here is the ease with which methods and ideas emerging in the connectionist community can be imported for control applications as soon as the fuzzy controller is supplied with a gradient-based automatic tuning of its parameters. Such a gradient method is applied for the simplest member of Sugeno's fuzzy systems. An example of a direct adaptive fuzzy controller derived from its neural equivalent is presented, and shown to compare favorably with its neural equivalent.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis of the Optically Active Enantiomorphic 2,3-Butanediols<sup>1</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of the Optically Active Enantiomorphic 2,3-Butanediols1Leon J. Rubin, Henry A. Lardy, and Hermann O. L. FischerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 2, 425–428Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01122a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01122a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views619Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
How to Deal with Your Most Difficult Client-You (1984)

Ideal therapists are hard to find; and nonideal and inefficient ones are common. When psychotherapists strive to be effective but block themselves in this respect they frequently have several main irrational beliefs: (1) "I have to be successful with all of my clients practically all of the time." (2) "I must be an outstanding therapist, clearly better than other therapists I know or hear about." (3) "I have to be greatly respected and loved by all my clients." (4) "Since I am doing my best and working so hard as a therapist, my clients should be equally hard-working and responsible, should listen to me carefully and should always push themselves to change." (5) "Because I am a person in my own right, I must be able to enjoy myself during therapy sessions and to use these sessions to solve my personal problems as much as to help my clients with their difficulties." Fifteen techniques of disputing and surrendering these irrational beliefs are presented in this paper.
Aerosol seeding systems for the NSWC wind tunnels (1985)

Four types of laskin nozzles which are used to generate the primary aerosol mist are illustrated. This mist may be used directly as laser doppler velocimeters (LDV) particles. However, in general, a wide range of particle size exists at this stage and requires the use of some type of mono-dispersion refinement technique. These nozzles rely on the shearing action of high speed air near a column of seeding liquid. Typically, olive oil or dioctyl phthalate (DOP) is used, but within the past year solid polystyrene particles in an alcohol suspension have been used with great success. Air, at a typical pressure of five psig, is supplied to the top of the nozzle which is merely a hollow tube. This air issues radially from one or more small jets located near the collar close to the bottom of the tube. When the collar is submerged in the seeding liquid, the hollow columns located in the collar become filled with liquid. The air from the jet shears the liquid into the fine mist.
A Novel Phage-Library-Selected Peptide Inhibits Human TNF-α Binding to Its Receptors (2014)

We report the identification of a new human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) specific peptide selected by competitive panning of a phage library. Competitive elution of phages was obtained using the monoclonal antibody adalimumab, which neutralizes pro-inflammatory processes caused by over-production of TNF-α in vivo, and is used to treat severe symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. The selected peptide was synthesized in monomeric and branched form and analyzed for binding to TNF-α and competition with adalimumab and TNF-α receptors. Results of competition with TNF-α receptors in surface plasmon resonance and melanoma cells expressing both TNF receptors make the peptide a candidate compound for the development of a novel anti-TNF-α drug.
Genetic activation of Nrf2 signaling is sufficient to ameliorate neurodegenerative phenotypes in a<i>Drosophila</i>model of Parkinson’s disease (2011)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder. Oxidative stress has been associated with the etiology of both sporadic and monogenic forms of PD. The transcription factor Nrf2, a conserved global regulator of cellular antioxidant responses, has been implicated in neuroprotection against PD pathology. However, direct evidence that upregulation of the Nrf2 pathway is sufficient to confer neuroprotection in genetic models of PD is lacking. Expression of the PD-linked gene encoding α-synuclein in dopaminergic neurons of Drosophila results in decreased locomotor activity and selective neuron loss in a progressive age-dependent manner, providing a genetically accessible model of PD. Here we show that upregulation of the Nrf2 pathway by overexpressing Nrf2 or its DNA-binding dimerization partner, Maf-S, restores the locomotor activity of α-synuclein-expressing flies. Similar benefits are observed upon RNA-interference-mediated downregulation of the prime Nrf2 inhibitor, Keap1, as well as in conditions of keap1 heterozygosity. Consistently, the α-synuclein-induced dopaminergic neuron loss is suppressed by Maf-S overexpression or keap1 heterozygosity. Our data validate the sustained upregulation of the Nrf2 pathway as a neuroprotective strategy against PD. This model provides a genetically accessible in vivo system in which to evaluate the potential of additional Nrf2 pathway components and regulators as therapeutic targets.
Design of micro- and nano-robots (2005)

Nanotechnology is a key issue in today's and tomorrow's development of advanced products. Soon, new tools will be needed to automatically handle and assemble micro sized objects with nanometer resolution, or simply to give humans being the capability of operating in those tiny dimensions. The development of micro and nano robots appears in that sense as one of the most promising issues in the near future. The paper describes two new robot designs, where the focus has been put firstly in high accuracy and secondly to the reduction of the overall dimensions. The first robot uses piezo actuators to achieve very precise displacements and the second one is a fully autonomous miniature mobile robot based on watch type gears.
Little Languages for Pictures in AWK (1989)

Specialized pictures for some problem domains can be easily described by little languages. This paper shows how a “compiler” for a small but useful language can be built in a few dozen lines of awk code. Example problem domains include graphical display of data, chemistry, algorithm animation, and computer documentation.
Impact of the small RNA RyhB on growth, physiology and heterologous protein expression in<i>Escherichia coli</i> (2007)

The small noncoding RNA RyhB is a regulator of iron homeostasis in Escherichia coli. During iron limitation, it downregulates the expression of a number of iron-containing proteins, including enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the respiratory chain. Because this infers a potential for RyhB to limit energy metabolism and biosynthetic capacity, the effect of knocking out ryhB on the physiology and heterologous protein productivity of E. coli has been analyzed. During iron limitation, induced either through insufficient extracellular supply or through overexpression of an iron-containing protein, ryhB mutants showed unaltered growth and substrate consumption. They did, however, exhibit significantly lowered acetate production rates. Plasmid-based expression of green fluorescent protein and the heterologous Vitreoscilla hemoglobin VHb was negatively affected by the ryhB knock-out.
Supervised Segmentation at Low Bit Rates for Region Representation and Color Image Compression (2002)

International audience
Segmentation of moving objects from cluttered background scenes using a running average model (2005)

This paper describes a system for the detection of people moving in a video scene. The system is ultimately intended to allow tracking of the major parts of the human body. Objects are detected utilizing a background subtraction method which is based on the movements of objects within the scene. The background removal algorithm is designed in a way that allows the background to be constantly up-dated automatically, allowing it to be used over a long period of time. Several methods for improving the outcome from the background removal algorithm are used which include addressing problems caused by variable shading. Mathematical morphology techniques are subsequently employed in order to improve the segmentation achieved in each frame.
Cyclic Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate-Stimulated Neurotensin Secretion Is Mediated through Rap1 Downstream of both Epac and Protein Kinase A Signaling Pathways (2006)

Neurotensin (NT), a gut peptide, plays important roles in gastrointestinal secretion, inflammation, and growth of normal and neoplastic tissues. cAMP regulates the secretion of hormones via its effector proteins protein kinase A (PKA) or Epac (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP). The small GTPase Rap1 can be activated by both PKA and Epac; however, the role of Rap1 in hormone secretion is unknown. Here, using the BON human endocrine cell line, we found that forskolin (FSK)-stimulated NT secretion was reduced by inhibition of Rap1 expression and activity. FSK-stimulated NT secretion was enhanced by overexpression of either wild-type or constitutively active Rap1. Epac activators and wild-type Epac enhanced NT release and Rap1 activity. In contrast, overexpression of a cAMP binding mutant, EpacR279E, decreased NT release and Rap1 activity. PKA activation increased NT release and Rap1 activity. FSK-stimulated NT release was reduced by PKA inhibition and the dominant negative Rap1N17. NT secretion, stimulated by Epac activation, was reduced by PKA inhibition; NT release, stimulated by PKA activation, was enhanced by wild-type Epac but reduced by the mutant EpacR279E. Finally, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a physiological agent that increases cAMP, stimulated NT secretion via cAMP/PKA/Rap1. Importantly, we demonstrate that PKA and Epac mediate the cAMP-induced NT secretion synergistically by converging at the common downstream target protein Rap1. Moreover, PGE2, a potent mediator of inflammation and associated with colorectal carcinogenesis, stimulates NT release suggesting a possible link between PGE2 and NT on intestinal inflammatory disorders and colorectal cancers.
Association of 18 Confirmed Susceptibility Loci for Type 2 Diabetes With Indices of Insulin Release, Proinsulin Conversion, and Insulin Sensitivity in 5,327 Nondiabetic Finnish Men (2009)

Eight type 2 diabetes-related loci were significantly or nominally associated with impaired early-phase insulin release. Effects of SLC30A8, HHEX, CDKAL1, and TCF7L2 on insulin release could be partially explained by impaired proinsulin conversion. HHEX might influence both insulin release and insulin sensitivity.
First Observation of Quantum Splitting Behavior in Nanocrystalline SrAl<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub>:Pr, Mg Phosphor (2005)

We report on the first observation of quantum splitting effect in nanocrystalline powders of SrAl12O19:1% Pr, Mg. The nanocrystalline materials were prepared using a surfactant-templated-assisted route yielding high-quality hexagonal nanocrystallites with thicknesses comprised between 30 and 60 nm. Comprehensive optical studies, including emission, photoexcitation, and time-resolved fluorescence measurements, demonstrate that no physical property degradation such as surface-induced loss mechanisms are found and that the quantum splitting properties of the material are fully retained in the nanocrystalline particles.
High temperature superconductor dc SQUID micro-susceptometer for room temperature objects (2004)

We have developed a scanning magnetic microscope (SMM) with 25 µm resolution in spatial position for the magnetic features of room temperature objects. The microscope consists of a high-temperature superconductor (HTS) dc SQUID sensor, suspended in vacuum with a self-adjusting standoff, close spaced liquid nitrogen Dewar, X–Y scanning stage and a computer control system. The HTS SQUIDs were optimized for better spatial and field resolutions for operation at liquid nitrogen temperature. Measured inside a magnetic shield, the 10 pT Hz−1/2 typical noise of the SQUIDs is white down to frequencies of about 10 Hz, increasing up to about 20 pT Hz−1/2 at 1 Hz. The microscope is mounted on actively damped platforms, which negate vibrations from the environment as well as damping internal stepper motor noises. A high-resolution video telescope and a 1 µm precision z-axis positioning system allow a close positioning of the sample under the sensor. The ability of the sensors to operate in unshielded environmental conditions with magnetic fields up to about 15 G allowed us to perform 2D mapping of the local ac and dc susceptibility of the objects.
Quantitative tests of liver function measure hepatic improvement after sustained virological response: results from the HALT‐C trial (2008)

Hepatic dysfunction impairs the virological response to PEG/RBV. SVR improves hepatic metabolism, the portal circulation and PHM.
Studies on the constituents of Pueraria lobata. IV. Chemical constituents in the flowers and the leaves. (1988)

A new triterpenoidal saponin, 3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyanosyl(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl]sophoradio (I), was isolated from the flowers of Pueraria lobata (WILLD.) OHWI (Leguminosae). Its structure was elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. In addition, a known oligoglycoside kaikasaponin III (II) was isolated from both flowers and leaves of this plant, together with several known aromatic compounds.
Voltage Control of Magnetization Easy-Axes: A Potential Candidate for Spin Switching in Future Ultrahigh-Density Nonvolatile Magnetic Random Access Memory (2004)

We report a challenging attempt to switch magnetization directions in ferromagnetic films by applying a voltage instead of an external magnetic field. As an example, a voltage control of magnetization easy-axes in a newly developed hybrid system of ferromagnetic/piezoelectric films has been demonstrated by using the well-known effects of both the inverse magnetostriction of ferromagnetic CoPd alloys and the inverse piezoelectricity of lead-zirconate-titanate alloy films. This information-storage and writing method suitable for use in an ultrahigh-density nonvolatile magnetic random access memory may prove to be a new paradigm in information-storage technology.
Role of nutrition in inflammatory bowel disease: an overview. (1986)

Although many patients with inflammatory bowel disease are malnourished, the role of nutritional support is still controversial. It is universally accepted that with adequate nutritional support patients will put on weight and that their biochemical functions may improve; the question nevertheless remains: does this help the patient get over his or her disease more quickly and, more importantly, does this affect morbidity and mortality? There are several ways of providing nutritional support and all need careful evaluation.