gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MoirÃÂ© pattern reduction by using special designed parallax barrier in an autostereoscopic display (2010)

The moiré pattern is caused by the spatial interference of two regular pattern structures. In the case of an autostereoscopic display, it's caused by the overlap of the parallax barrier and the black matrix among pixels of FPD. To minimize the moiré effect, we simulate the relationship of brightness distribution and various design parameters of the parallax barrier. According to the simulation results, a combination of multiple parameters was chose to obtain a moiré free autostereoscopic display based on the concept of mutual compensation among the design parameters. After the detailed simulation, experiments of the final design were made to verify the performance of the display.
Compression of biological sequences by greedy off-line textual substitution (2002)

We follow one of the simplest possible steepest descent paradigms. This consists of performing repeated stages in each one of which we identify a substring of the current version of the text yielding the maximum compression, and then replace all those occurrences except one with a pair of pointers to the untouched occurrence. This is somewhat dual with respect to the bottom up vocabulary buildup scheme considered by Rubin. This simple scheme already poses some interesting algorithmic problems. In terms of performance, the method does outperform current Lempel-Ziv implementations in most of cases. Here we show that, on biological sequences, it beats all other generic compression methods and approaches the performance of methods specifically built around some peculiar regularities of DNA sequences, such as tandem repeats and palindromes, that are neither distinguished nor treated selectively here. The most interesting performances, however, are obtained in the compression of entire groups of genetic sequences forming families with similar characteristics. This is becoming a standard and useful way to group sequences in a growing number of important specialized databases. On such inputs, the approach presented here yields scores that are not only better than those of any other method, but also improve increasingly with increasing input size. This is to be attributed to a certain ability to capture distant relationships among the sequences in a family.
Antitumor activity of methotrexate-albumin conjugates in rats bearing a Walker-256 carcinoma (1998)

We have recently reported that albumin accumulates in solid tumors and serves there as a source of nitrogen and energy. Methotrexate-albumin conjugates [MTX(I)-RSA] derivatized at a molar ratio of 1:1 differ favorably from original MTX in terms of plasma presence and tumor uptake. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of these novel conjugates in a comparative study with low m.w. MTX is Sprague-Dawley rats bearing a Walker-256 carcinoma. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for MTX and MTX(I)-RSA was determined (2 mg/kg based on MTX injected on days 1, 3 and 8). The tumor-bearing rats received injections of either the MTD or MTD/2 of MTX, MTX-albumin or mixtures containing the MTD/2 or MTD/4 of both MTX and MTX-albumin. No toxic side effects were observed. Cure rate and tumor growth retardation were slightly better for the conjugate compared with MTX alone in the MTD group (16 complete remissions vs. 14 of 20 rats). The best results were achieved for the combination treatment with MTX and MTX-albumin, with complete remission in all 20 rats. In conclusion, MTX-albumin conjugates show therapeutic activity in vivo without toxic side effects. Additive effects were observed for a combination of MTX-albumin and MTX. These effects might be caused by the much longer tumor exposition time of the conjugate in conjunction with a different route of uptake (pinocytosis for MTX-albumin vs. folate receptors for MTX).
Transfer of sialic acid in α2‐6 linkage to mannose in Manβ1‐4GlcNAc and Manβ1‐4GlcNAcβ1‐4GlcNAc by the action of Galβ1‐4GlcNAc α2‐6‐sialyltransferase (1989)

Sialyltransferase, Galβ1‐4GlcNAcα2‐6; Sialyltransferase; Sialyloligosaccharide; Mannosidosis, β‐
Coupling Distributed and Symbolic Execution for Natural Language Queries (2016)

Building neural networks to query a knowledge base (a table) with natural language is an emerging research topic in deep learning. An executor for table querying typically requires multiple steps of execution because queries may have complicated structures. In previous studies, researchers have developed either fully distributed executors or symbolic executors for table querying. A distributed executor can be trained in an end-to-end fashion, but is weak in terms of execution efficiency and explicit interpretability. A symbolic executor is efficient in execution, but is very difficult to train especially at initial stages. In this paper, we propose to couple distributed and symbolic execution for natural language queries, where the symbolic executor is pretrained with the distributed executor's intermediate execution results in a step-by-step fashion. Experiments show that our approach significantly outperforms both distributed and symbolic executors, exhibiting high accuracy, high learning efficiency, high execution efficiency, and high interpretability.
An entropy minimization principle for semi-supervised terrain classification (2002)

Analyzing the structure of the family of cost functions that are minimum when the classifier outputs are equal to the class probabilities, we found that all of them can be expressed as sum of a generalized entropy measure and an error component. This suggests a novel algorithm for classification that uses both labeled an unlabeled data and is based on the following idea: use labeled data to minimize the cost function and unlabeled data to minimize the corresponding entropy measure. This entropy minimization principle is applied to terrain classification of Landsat images.
Location-Aware Graph Convolutional Networks for Video Question Answering (2020)

We addressed the challenging task of video question answering, which requires machines to answer questions about videos in a natural language form. Previous state-of-the-art methods attempt to apply spatio-temporal attention mechanism on video frame features without explicitly modeling the location and relations among object interaction occurred in videos. However, the relations between object interaction and their location information are very critical for both action recognition and question reasoning. In this work, we propose to represent the contents in the video as a location-aware graph by incorporating the location information of an object into the graph construction. Here, each node is associated with an object represented by its appearance and location features. Based on the constructed graph, we propose to use graph convolution to infer both the category and temporal locations of an action. As the graph is built on objects, our method is able to focus on the foreground action contents for better video question answering. Lastly, we leverage an attention mechanism to combine the output of graph convolution and encoded question features for final answer reasoning. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods. Specifically, our method significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods on TGIF-QA, Youtube2Text-QA and MSVD-QA datasets.
Core Body Temperature Changes During Surgery and Nursing Management (2016)

The fact that surgical procedures and anaesthesia implementation affect thermoregulation, decrease heat production and increase heat loss cause hypothermia in the individual. This situation may create serious physiological problems both during and after the operation especially in risky patients. Surgical operation is a process threatening that body temperature of individual are maintained within required ranges due to the environment it is performed and requiring anesthesia application. Both general and local anesthesia’s suppress afferent and efferent control of thermoregulation. Additionally, surgery environment and exposure to surgical operation generally cause heat loss. Heat loss is a common during surgery. This is because the surgical environment transfers heat from the patient. Anesthesia decreases both heat production and thermoregulation capabilities of patients. Anesthesia also hardens the monitorization of body temperature. Hypothermia may cause complications such as fever, trembling, coldness and paleness in the skin, absent-mindedness, slowing in the metabolic speed, slowing in mental functions, bradycardia and rhythm disturbances, respiration slowing, coma and death. It is important for nurses to appreciate the physiological effects of hypothermia, which can cause complications in surgical patients in these settings. Furthermore accurate and careful monitoring of haemodynamic parameters. In this process the nurse may help maintain the individual’s body temperature by taking protective precautions through various methods before, during and after the operation and especially may protect the patient from various complications that may occur as a result of hypothermia.
A five-microRNA panel in plasma was identified as potential biomarker for early detection of gastric cancer (2014)

The five-miRNA panel in plasma may serve as a potential non-invasive biomarker in detecting the early-stage GC.
Wear mechanisms of Syalon ceramic tools when machining nickel-based materials (1983)

The failure modes and the wear mechanisms operating at the tool faces, when machining Incoloy 901 with Syalon* ceramic tools, have been studied. It was observed that the tool life was controlled mainly by notching at the depth of cut and flank-face wear. A t very high speeds and feed rates fracture failure was also observed. Notching at the depth of cut was the dominant failure mode at slow speeds, and the use of various active and inert atmospheres suggests that it is caused by a chemical interaction between the chip and the tool. At high speeds, tool life was controlled by flank-face wear. The wear-mechanism analyses suggest that attrition, diffusion, and plastic deformation controlled the tool life. At slower speeds, attrition is the dominant wear mechanism, whereas at higher speeds diffusion followed by plastic deformation dominates. Where attrition occurs, either individual Syalon particles or aggregates of them are lifted off the tool faces, whereas with diffusion, transition elements (especially titanium and chromium) appear to react mainly with the primary phase (β' -crystals) causing the tools to wear.
Oxyfunctionalization of hydrocarbons. 3. Superacid catalyzed oxygenation of alkanes with ozone involving protonated ozone, O3H+ (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxyfunctionalization of hydrocarbons. 3. Superacid catalyzed oxygenation of alkanes with ozone involving protonated ozone, O3H+George A. Olah, Norihiko Yoneda, and David G. ParkerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 17, 5261–5268Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1976https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00433a035RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views208Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (681 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Effect of sodium bicarbonate on muscle metabolism during intense endurance cycling (2002)

STEPHENS, T. J., M. J. McKENNA, B. J. CANNY, R. J. SNOW, and G. K. McCONELL. Effect of sodium bicarbonate on muscle metabolism during intense endurance cycling. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 614–621, 2002. Introduction Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) ingestion has been shown to increase both muscle glycogenolysis and glycolysis during brief submaximal exercise. These changes may be detrimental to performance during more prolonged, exhaustive exercise. This study examined the effect of NaHCO3 ingestion on muscle metabolism and performance during intense endurance exercise of ∼60 min in seven endurance-trained men. Methods Subjects ingested 0.3 g·kg−1 body mass of either NaHCO3 or CaCO3 (CON) 2 h before performing 30 min of cycling exercise at 77 ± 1% V̇O2peak followed by completion of 469 ± 21 kJ as quickly as possible (∼30 min, ∼80% V̇O2peak). Results Immediately before, and throughout exercise, arterialized-venous plasma HCO3− concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) whereas plasma and muscle H+ concentrations were lower (P < 0.05) in NaHCO3 compared with CON. Blood lactate concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) during exercise in NaHCO3, but there was no difference between trials in muscle glycogen utilization or muscle lactate content during exercise. Reductions in PCr and ATP and increases in muscle Cr during exercise were also unaffected by NaHCO3 ingestion. Accordingly, exercise performance time was not different between treatments. Conclusion NaHCO3 ingestion resulted in a small muscle alkalosis but had no effect on muscle metabolism or intense endurance exercise performance in well-trained men.
Quantitative Cell Biology of Neurodegeneration in <em>Drosophila</em> Through Unbiased Analysis of Fluorescently Tagged Proteins Using ImageJ (2018)

With the rising prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases, it is increasingly important to understand the underlying pathophysiology that leads to neuronal dysfunction and loss. Fluorescence-based imaging tools and technologies enable unprecedented analysis of subcellular neurobiological processes, yet there is still a need for unbiased, reproducible, and accessible approaches for extracting quantifiable data from imaging studies. We have developed a simple and adaptable workflow to extract quantitative data from fluorescence-based imaging studies using Drosophila models of neurodegeneration. Specifically, we describe an easy-to-follow, semi-automated approach using Fiji/ImageJ to analyze two cellular processes: first, we quantify protein aggregate content and profile in the Drosophila optic lobe using fluorescent-tagged mutant huntingtin proteins; and second, we assess autophagy-lysosome flux in the Drosophila visual system with ratiometric-based quantification of a tandem fluorescent reporter of autophagy. Importantly, the protocol outlined here includes a semi-automated segmentation step to ensure all fluorescent structures are analyzed to minimize selection bias and to increase resolution of subtle comparisons. This approach can be extended for the analysis of other cell biological structures and processes implicated in neurodegeneration, such as proteinaceous puncta (stress granules and synaptic complexes), as well as membrane-bound compartments (mitochondria and membrane trafficking vesicles). This method provides a standardized, yet adaptable reference point for image analysis and quantification, and could facilitate reliability and reproducibility across the field, and ultimately enhance mechanistic understanding of neurodegeneration.
Inducible expression of the heterologous PAL2 promoter from bean in white pine (Pinus strobus) transgenic cells (2001)

To elucidate heterologous promoter function in gymnosperms, we introduced the bean phenylalanine ammonia-lyase-beta-glucuronidase (PAL2-GUS) gene fusion into white pine (Pinus strobus L.). Over 15 lines were produced and integration of Agrobacterium T-DNA was confirmed by Southern analysis. Induction of the reporter gene was detected in all of the lines tested following UV illumination. In contrast, a weak but constant induction was seen in only a few lines following treatment with salicylic acid (SA) or jasmonic acid (JA). However, pretreatment of suspension cultures with SA or JA enhanced the induction of PAL2-GUS expression by UV irradiation. This specific enhancement or potentiation was reduced by 50% by treating the cells with indomethacin, an inhibitor of phospholipase activity, suggesting that the observed potentiation of UV induction involves the octadecanoid pathway. The UV induction was completely abolished by treating the cells with okadaic acid, an inhibitor of phosphatase activity. Thus, the induction of the heterologous PAL2 promoter from bean is consistent with the induction of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in angiosperms. Furthermore, our findings suggest that conifers, although phylogenetically distant to angiosperms, share some conserved promoter elements and some signal transduction mechanisms for UV-light perception.
Enhanced Healing of Cutaneous Wounds in Rats Using Beads with Positively Charged Surfaces (1992)

The efficacy of electrical fields in soft-tissue repair is unclear. Materials with a charged surface provide a localized charged environment. We examined the effects of surface-charged particles in wound healing in rats with paired dorsal incisions with one side serving as a control. Tensiometry demonstrated that after 10 days, wounds with positively charged particles were 53 percent stronger (p less than 0.001) than controls (10 rats, 30 wound strips), whereas differences with negatively charged (6 rats, 15 strips) or uncharged beads (11 rats, 33 strips) were insignificant. Histologically, wounds with positively charged particles were characterized by large quantities of collagen-rich connective tissue and by prominent bead-associated giant cells. At 94 days, no differences in wound strength were noted. This method of creating charged local environments has potential clinical implications and may add insights into the behavior of cells in response to charged stimuli.
Comparative study of shape, intensity and texture features and support vector machine for white blood cell classification (2013)

The complete blood count (CBC) is widely used test for counting and categorizing various pe- ripheral particles in the blood. The main goal of the paper is to count and classify white blood cells (leukocytes) in microscopic images into five major categories using features such as shape, intensity and texture features. The first critical step of counting and classification procedure in- volves segmentation of individual cells in cytological images of thin blood smears. The quality of segmentation has significant impact on the cell type identification, but poor quality, noise, and/or low resolution images make segmentation less reliable. We analyze the performance of our system for three different sets of features and we determine that the best performance is achieved by wavelet features using the Dual-Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DT-CWT) which is based on multi-resolution characteristics of the image. These features are combined with the Support Vector Machine (SVM) which classifies white blood cells into their five primary types. This approach was validated with experiments conducted on digital normal blood smear images with low resolution.
Oxidative Intramolecular 1,2‐Amino‐Oxygenation of Alkynes under Au<sup>I</sup>/Au<sup>III</sup> Catalysis: Discovery of a Pyridinium‐Oxazole Dyad as an Ionic Fluorophore (2016)

Oxidative intramolecular 1,2-amino-oxygenation reactions, combining gold(I)/gold(III) catalysis, is reported. The reaction provides efficient access to a structurally unique ionic pyridinium-oxazole dyad with tunable emission wavelengths. The application of these fluorophores as potential biomarkers has been investigated.
Bipolar transport organic light emitting diodes with enhanced reliability by LiF doping (2000)

An electrode contact scheme based on the use of an organic LiF alloy is investigated. The performance of organic light emitting diodes (OLED) with this contact scheme in both heterojunction and bipolar transport/emitting layer (BTEL) OLED structures are compared with their counterparts with LiF buffer layers. The organic LiF contact scheme improved device reliability of BTEL OLEDs by 32% to 92 500 h while adversely affecting device reliability of heterojunction OLEDs.
Prediction Model for Production Indexes of a Flotation Circuit Based on Adaptive PCA and Composite Kernel Support Vector Regression (2010)

This An accurate prediction of important production indexes such as recovery rate and concentrate grade is essential for successful monitoring and controlling of a flotation circuit. However, due to the inherent characteristics of a flotation circuit such as time-delay, strong nonlinearities and uncertainties, these production indices are usually difficult to predict accurately. In this paper, a prediction model was developed to estimate the concentrate grade and recovery rate of a flotation circuit based on adaptive principal component analysis (APCA) and composite kernel support vector regression (CK-SVR). Firstly, the flotation prior knowledge and APCA are employed to reduce the dimension of input vector of CK-SVR. Then, considering that the characteristics of kernels have great impacts on learning and predictive results of SVR, a composite kernel SVR modeling method based on polynomial kernel and RBF kernel is adopted which hyperparameters are adaptively evolved by the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Simulations using real operating data show that the prediction model provides the necessary accuracy for a flotation circuit.
Regulation of Osteopontin Expression in Osteoblasts (1995)

Osteopontin (OPN) is a prominent bone matrix protein that is synthesized by osteoblastic cells. To elucidate the function of OPN in bone we studied the regulated expression of the rat OPN protein during bone formation in vivo and in vitro. OPN mRNA is expressed by preosteoblastic cells early in bone formation, but the highest expression is observed in mature osteoblasts at sites of bone remodelling. A low-phosphorylated, 55-kDa form of OPN is produced by the preosteoblastic cells, whereas osteoblasts produce a highly phosphorylated, 44-kDa protein; the two forms of OPN corresponding to pp69 and pp62 in transformed rat cells. The synthesis of the 55-kDa OPN correlates with the formation of a 'cement' matrix that is synthesized prior to bone deposition, whereas the 44-kDa OPN synthesized by osteoblasts associates rapidly with hydroxyapatite, possibly regulating crystal growth, and may also provide a substratum for osteoclast attachment. Expression of OPN mRNA is upregulated by growth and differentiation factors (PDGF, EGF, TGF-beta and BMP-7/OP-1) and by mechanical stress, which promote bone formation, as well as by osteotropic hormones (retinoic acid and vitamin D3), which can promote bone resorption and remodelling. However, OPN mRNA is down-regulated by bisphosphonates, which abrogate bone resorption. Regulation of OPN expression is, therefore, consistent with a multiplicity of functions for OPN that involve specific structural motifs in both the synthesis and resorption of bone.
Nietzsche and Wagner: A Story of Cause and Effect (2006)

Wagner's and Nietzsche's writings are highlighted, particularly those which have influenced Nazi ideology. Wagner's writings have greatly contributed to Auschwitz and Buchenwald extermination camps during the Second World War, an accusation of which Nietzsche must be acquitted. Yet Nietzsche's chauvinistic Darwinism has unwittingly caused the infamous Nazi 'Aktion T4', the murder of hundreds of thousands of handicapped men, women and children.