gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterisation of aliphatic hyperbranched polyamidoamines and polyamides (2002)

Dendrimers are perfectly branched macromolecules possessing large internal cavities and a known number and location of terminal groups. This unique architecture leads to many interesting properties and countless potential applications have been discussed. Their synthesis involves numerous repetitive steps, often requiring protection and deprotection chemistry and complex purification procedures. This limits their availability and leads to extremely high costs, a factor that has limited their use. Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers, the first well-established series of dendrimers, were reported in the mid nineteen eighties. For many applications the synthetic difficulties associated with dendrimers are so great that many potential applications are prohibited. Hyperbranched polymers are produced by a simpler synthetic route, the step growth polymerisation of AB(_x) monomers in a one-pot procedure. They lack the architectural perfection of dendrimers but retain the large number of terminal groups and high degree of branching. Crucially, these polymers can be produced for a fraction of the cost of dendrimers. The synthesis of hyperbranched analogues to both the full and half generation PAMAM dendrimers from AB(_2) monomers is reported here. Attempts to extend this method to control the molecular weight, degree of branching and the terminal group functionality are discussed, as is the synthesis of a related series of polyamides. The characterisation of these materials and their physical properties are also described.
Risk Factors for Deformational Plagiocephaly at Birth and at 7 Weeks of Age: A Prospective Cohort Study (2007)

Three determinants were associated with an increased risk of deformational plagiocephaly at birth: male gender, first-born birth rank, and brachycephaly. Eight factors were associated with an increased risk of deformational plagiocephaly at 7 weeks of age: male gender, first-born birth rank, positional preference when sleeping, head to the same side on chest of drawers, only bottle feeding, positioning to the same side during bottle feeding, tummy time when awake < 3 times per day, and slow achievement of motor milestones. This study supports the hypothesis that specific nursing habits, as well as motor development and positional preference, are primarily associated with the development of deformational plagiocephaly. Earlier achievement of motor milestones probably protects the child from developing deformational plagiocephaly. Implementation of practices based on this new evidence of preventing and diminishing deformational plagiocephaly in child health care centers is very important.
Effects of Device Mismatch, Language Mismatch and Environmental Mismatch on Speaker Verification (2007)

Device, language and environmental mismatch adversely affect speaker verification (SV) performance. We investigate such effects empirically based on the M3 (multibiometric, multilingual and multi-device) corpus (H. Meng et al., 2006). Device mismatch (among 3G phone, PocketPC and a desktop PC plug-in microphone) brings relative performance degradation of 523%; language mismatch (between English and Cantonese) brings 284% and environmental mismatch (between office environment and recording studio) brings 109%. In particular, verification with wide-band models on narrow-band test data outperforms narrow-band models on wide-band test data. The 3G phone's SV performance is generally low, but remains stable across environments. Additionally, durational variations within two-second utterances may cause a relative change of 633% in SV performance.
Very high-speed digital subscriber lines (VDSL) (2002)

Very high-speed digital subscriber lines (VDSL) are overviewed with an emphasis on the basic architecture, applications, and data rates, as well as the technological challenges of the design. Discussions of the telephone line environment, radio-band interference ingress and egress, impulse noise, and symmetric and asymmetric multiplexing are included along with the consequent description of a popular implementation.
Engineering of role/permission assignments (2005)

We develop a model for engineering role-permission assignment. Our model builds upon the well-known RBAC96 model. Assigning permissions to roles is considered too complex an activity to accomplish directly. Instead we advocate breaking down this process into a number of steps. We specifically introduce the concept of jobs, work-patterns, and tasks to facilitate role-permission assignment into a series of smaller steps. We describe methodologies for using this model in two different ways. In a top-down approach, roles are decomposed into permissions, whereas in a bottom-up approach, permissions are aggregated into roles.
The protective effect of the vagus nerve in a murine model of chronic relapsing colitis (2007)

The vagus nerve inhibits the response to systemic administration of endotoxin, and we have recently extended this observation to show that the vagus attenuates acute experimental colitis in mice. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether there is a tonic counterinflammatory influence of the vagus on colitis maintained over several weeks. We assessed disease activity index, macroscopic and histological damage, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and Th1 and Th2 cytokine profiles in chronic colitis induced by administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water for three cycles during 5 days with 11 days of rest between each cycle (DSS 3, 2, 2%) in healthy and vagotomized C57BL/6 mice and in mice deficient in macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF). A pyloroplasty was performed in vagotomized mice. Vagotomy accelerated the onset and the severity of inflammation during the first and second but not the third cycle. Although macroscopic scores were not significantly changed, histological scores as well as MPO activity and colonic tissue levels of IL-1alpha, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-18 but not IL-4 were significantly increased in vagotomized mice compared with sham-operated mice that received DSS. In control mice (without colitis), vagotomy per se did not affect any inflammatory marker. Vagotomy had no effect on the colitis in M-CSF-derived macrophage-deficient mice. These results indicate that the vagus protects against acute relapses on a background of chronic inflammation. Identification of the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective role of parasympathetic nerves opens a new therapeutic avenue for the treatment of acute relapses of chronic inflammatory bowel disease.
Monitoring and Detection of Agricultural Disease using Wireless Sensor Network (2014)

Crop production quality and quantity can be enhanced using precision agriculture. One of the major products in India is grape. Major threats for grape farming are downy mildew and meal bug which spreads instantly and are hard to control. As the grape is very costly, Farmer needs to be very careful from the initial stage to harvesting to avoid infection of fungal disease and pest.
Conclusion (2020)

Abstract This chapter summarizes the aims and conclusions of the work. In addition, this concluding chapter sets out five ‘light’ challenges, and related propositions, for development of IR theory, propositions reflective of the sensibility relational cosmology, as translated here via critical humanism, might direct us to adopt. Many challenges remain, but we should not feel weighed down by them but explore new ways of thinking, being, and becoming as we ‘loosen’ ourselves into the ‘mesh’ and the complex negotiations of human and non-human relations residing there requires. IR of the future will likely be more open, more interdisciplinary, and hopefully more cosmologically aware, and it has the opportunity to develop new ways of thinking and doing co-existence and politics.
Studies on biocide release and performance of novel anti‐fungal paints (1991)

The controlled release of an isothiazolone fungicide, C9211 (4,5‐dichloro‐2‐(n‐octyl)‐3(2H)‐isothiazolone) from a urethane oil paint is described. Leaching experiments showed that the amount of C9211 in the leachates was proportional to the loading in the paint. Paints containing 8% C9211 in the undercoat but none in the topcoat released C9211 in the same amounts as paints containing 4% C9211 in both undercoat and topcoat and the field performance of both paint combinations were identical. These results indicate that the C9211 is able to migrate through the urethane oil matrix replenishing any lost from the surface and thus giving effective antifungal control as long as biocide remains in the bulk of the paint.
Self-Organization of Skin Cells in Three-Dimensional Electrospun Polystyrene Scaffolds (2005)

Much research in tissue engineering focuses on the synthesis of complex three-dimensional polymer scaffolds containing functional biomolecules to which cells are introduced. Typical scaffolds for skin tissue engineering are macroscopically porous with struts or fibers approximately 10 microm thick at a packing fraction of approximately 0.1. We made a polystyrene scaffold without cell signaling or spatial information by electrospinning and studied the growth of skin fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and endothelial cells, as single and cocultured populations in the presence and absence of fetal calf serum. In the absence of serum, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells did not grow when cultured alone. However, when fibroblasts were cocultured with keratinocytes and endothelial cells, expansion of keratinocytes and endothelial cells occurred even in the absence of serum. Furthermore, cells displayed native spatial three-dimensional organization when cultured at an air-liquid interface, even when all three cell types were introduced at random to the scaffold. This study shows that coculture with fibroblasts enables keratinocytes and endothelial cells to proliferate without serum, but also to self-organize according to the native epidermal-dermal structure given the symmetry-breaking field of an air-liquid interface.
Study on the principle and defense of buffer overflow attacks (2013)

Buffer overflow attacks have been the most common form in the network attacks and become a predominant problem in the system and network security area. With specific programs, this paper describes in detail the type of buffer overflow attacks and technical principles, so we have a good understanding of them, and then gives several common preventive measures.
Depletion of Peripheral Blood T Lymphocytes and NK Cells During the Course of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever in Cynomolgus Macaques (2004)

During the course of an experimentally induced Ebola virus (EBOVA) infection of cynomolgus macaques, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and characterized by multi-color flow cytometry. Both CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte counts decreased 60–70% during the first 4 days after infection. Among CD8+ lymphocytes, this decline was greatest among the CD8lo population, which was composed mostly of CD3- CD16+ NK cells. In contrast, the number of CD20+ B lymphocytes in the blood did not significantly change during the course of the infection. Phenotypic analysis of T lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry failed to show evidence of a robust immune response to the infection. Apoptosis could be detected as early as day 2 postinfection among the CD8+ and CD16+ subsets of lymphocytes. Increased expression of CD95 (Fas) suggests that apoptosis may be induced via signaling through the Fas/Fas-L cascade. In contrast, the number of HLA-DR+ cells increased tenfold in the blood during the course of infection. These data suggest that EBOV may block dendritic cell maturation after infection, thereby inhibiting activation of lymphocytes and eliminating those subsets that are most likely to be capable of mounting an effective response to the virus.
A novel 2-dimensional electric field sensor based on in-plane micro rotary actuator (2014)

This paper, for the first time, proposes a 2-dimensional electric field sensor based on in-plane micro rotary actuator. Compared to the existent electric field micro sensors, which can only detect an axial direction electric field, this sensor is capable of 2-dimensional electric field sensing. In the design of the micro sensor, the combination of angular comb-drives and serpentine springs can bring the advantage of achieving large in-plane rotation, which enlarges the vibration amplitudes and results in more induced charges. Moreover, both push-pull electrostatic actuation method and differential sensing electrodes are adopted to expand the vibration magnitudes and reduce the impact of common mode interference. Experimental results show that this sensor has good linearity of 1.21% in a wide range, and this sensor can detect the X and Y component of electric field with measurement errors better than 8%.
Right half plane poles and zeros and design tradeoffs in feedback systems (1985)

This paper expresses limitations imposed by right half plane poles and zeros of the open-loop system directly in terms of the sensitivity and complementary sensitivity functions of the closed-loop system. The limitations are determined by integral relationships which must be satisfied by these functions. The integral relationships are interpreted in the context of feedback design.
Genetic and phenotypic relationships between insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and net feed intake, fat, and growth traits in Angus beef cattle (2005)

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentration measured in the blood plasma of 6520 seedstock Angus beef cattle (3622 bulls and 2898 heifers) from eastern Australia between 2002 and 2004 was used to estimate the heritability of IGF-I and phenotypic and genetic correlations with net feed intake (NFI) and other production traits. The average concentration of IGF-I was 314 ng/mL measured at the average age of 242 days. A moderate heritability of 0.35 was estimated for IGF-I. IGF-I was further defined as being measured either at, or prior to, weaning (average age of 201 days) or post-weaning (average age 310 days). The genetic correlation between IGF-I recorded at the different ages was 1.0 ± 0.04. IGF-I and NFI were found to have a genetic correlation of 0.41 ± 0.21. IGF-I had positive genetic correlations of 0.22 ± 0.14, 0.19 ± 0.14, and 0.26 ± 0.15 with ultrasound-scanned subcutaneous fat depth at the rump (P8) and 12/13th rib (RIB) sites and intramuscular fat % (IMF), respectively. Corresponding phenotypic correlations were 0.14, 0.13, and 0.12, respectively, for P8, RIB, and IMF. IGF-I had low to moderate negative genetic correlations with growth traits. Direct genetic correlations for IGF-I of –0.22 ± 0.08, –0.17 ± 0.09 and –0.10 ± 0.14 were estimated with birth (BWT), 200-day (WT200), and 400-day (WT400) weights, respectively. Genetic correlations between the direct component of IGF-I and maternal components of BWT and WT200 were 0.15 ± 0.13 and 0.31 ± 0.11, respectively. Phenotypic correlations of the direct component of IGF-I with the direct components of BWT, WT200, and WT400 were –0.10, 0.06, and 0.16, respectively. Ultrasound-scanned eye muscle area (EMA) and IGF-I had genetic and phenotypic correlations of –0.22 ± 0.15 and 0.13, respectively. This study showed that IGF-I is heritable and genetically correlated with important production traits. The genetic correlations indicate that selection for lower IGF-I concentrations would result in cattle that have lower NFI (i.e. more feed efficient), are leaner, with increased growth, and possibly decreased maternal weaning weight.
Disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis: preliminary report of the Consensus Study Group of the European Workshop for Rheumatology Research. (1993)

The most suitable measures to assess the disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with slow-acting anti-rheumatic drugs were considered in a prospective study. This was organised across Europe in 12 specialised centres and 282 patients were studied. The patients were all considered to be in need of therapy with a slow-acting anti-rheumatic drug and were studied at the initiation of therapy, and after 3 and 6 months of treatment. There were 215 patients who remained on treatment for 6 months. The most useful measures to assess disease activity were: the number of swollen joints, the number of tender joints, pain, the patients' assessment of response, and ESR. These should form a minimum data set when assessing the activity of rheumatoid arthritis. Some measures such as grip strength, hemoglobin, and the C-reactive protein level showed too much variation between centres and will require considerable standardisation before they can be used across Europe. There were problems in collecting functional data and further work is needed to develop a functional questionnaire available in all European languages with culturally suitable questions.
Advanced cooling system using miniature heat pipes in mobile PC (2002)

This paper describes various cooling solutions using heat pipes for cooling of notebook PCs including: (1) a heat pipe with heat spreader plate; (2) a hybrid system, i.e. a heat pipe with heat sink and fan; and (3) a hinged heat pipe system. For heat input of less than 12 W, the thermal resistances measured between the CPU surface and ambient are: >8/spl deg/C/W for system (1) and 4-6/spl deg/C/W for systems (2) and (3). This means that the hybrid system and the hinged heat pipe systems are the most suitable candidates for cooling of the current CPU, which may require heat dissipation of more than 8 W at ambient of 40/spl deg/C and CPU maximum temperature of 95/spl deg/C. Experimental results of these three systems are included and discussed in this paper.
Expression Profiles of miRNAs in Heart and Vessel (2010)

To date, more than 5000 miRNAs have been identified in animals across the lowest and the highest species, some 800 of them are found in humans. To have better understanding of how miRNAs function in the heart, it is necessary to have an idea about which miRNAs exist in the heart. This chapter focuses on cardiovascular-expressed miRNAs or the miRNA profiles in heart and vessel. Specifically, the miRNAs existing in the heart will be introduced by categories: cardiac-specific, muscle-specific, cardiac-enriched, and other cardiac-expressed, in detail on their genomic locations and relative expression levels in normal cardiac tissues. Alterations of miRNA signature under various diseased states of the heart are succinctly described and the precautions in interpreting the profiling data are stated
Effect of 17q21 Variants and Smoking Exposure in Early-Onset Asthma (2008)

This study shows that the increased risk of asthma conferred by 17q21 genetic variants is restricted to early-onset asthma and that the risk is further increased by early-life exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. These findings provide a greater understanding of the functional role of the 17q21 variants in the pathophysiology of asthma.
A Novel Coronavirus and SARS (2003)

To the Editor: Ksiazek et al. (May 15 issue)1 report that there is antibody cross-reactivity between serum from a patient with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS) and antibodies that ...
Reduction of droplet volume by controlling actuating waveforms in inkjet printing for micro-pattern formation (2009)

Inkjet printing has proven to be a promising and flexible process methodology for low cost and drop-on-demand pattern formation in small-scale production of micro-electro-mechanical systems. To optimize the micro-patterns formed by inkjet printing, an accurate control of droplet volume is essential and critical. In this study, an inkjet system with a nozzle driven by a circular piezoelectric element was used to explore the impact of different waveforms on droplet volume. The investigation into this study included the impact of unipolar, bipolar, M-shaped and W-shaped waveforms as well as the effects of their amplitudes and pulse durations. The inkjetting behavior of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids under different actuating waveforms was studied in order to obtain a maximum reduction in ejected droplet sizes. An effective reduction of droplet volume in the range of 50–80% was demonstrated. The results of inkjetting PEDOT ink on a polished silicon surface showed that a 50% reduction in line width was achieved.
Tensile load-bearing capacity of co-cured double lap joints (2000)

Abstract The co-cured joining method has several advantages over the adhesively bonded joining method because both the curing and the joining processes for the composite structures are achieved simultaneously. In this study, the tensile load-bearing capacities of co-cured double lap joints were investigated experimentally and compared with the analytical results calculated by finite element analysis. Co-cured double lap joint specimens with several bond parameters such as bond length, surface roughness, and stacking sequence of the composite laminate were fabricated and tested. From the experimental results, it was found that the failure mechanism of the co-cured double lap joint was cohesive failure by delamination at the first ply of the composite laminate in the co-cured double lap joint. Finally, optimum values of several bond parameters were determined. Analytical tensile load-bearing capacities of the co-cured double lap joints were calculated by the three-dimensional Tsai-Wu failure criterion using stress distributions obtained from finite element analysis. Keywords: CO-CURED DOUBLE LAP JOINTTENSILE LOAD-BEARING CAPACITYBOND LENGTHSURFACE ROUGHNESSSTACKING SEQUENCETSAI-WU FAILURE CRITERION
Designing a Physical Locality Aware Coherence Protocol for Chip-Multiprocessors (2012)

Many-core architectures provide an efficient way of harnessing the growing numbers of transistors available. However, energy and latency costs of communication increasingly limit the parallel programs running on these platforms. Existing designs provide a functional communication layer, but not necessarily the most efficient solution. Due to power limitations, efficiency is now a primary concern that motivates us to look again at cache coherence. First, we analyze the communication behavior of parallel applications. The observed sharing patterns reveal considerable locality of shared data accesses between threads with consecutive IDs. This pattern corresponds to strong physical locality between adjacent cores in a chip-multiprocessor (CMP). This paper explores the design of Proximity Coherence: a novel scheme in which L1 load misses are optimistically forwarded to nearby caches via new dedicated links. We exploit these patterns and improve the efficiency of communication. The results show that careful analysis leads to the design of a more efficient coherence protocol. The protocol reduces the latency of load misses by up to 33 percent (17 percent, on average), improving overall execution time by up to 13 percent. Furthermore, it also reduces network-on-chip traffic by 19 percent and energy consumption by up to 30 percent.