gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IgM RNA switch from membrane to secretory form is prevented by adding antireceptor antibody to bacterial lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine primary B-cell cultures. (1985)

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces proliferation of resting primary murine B lymphocytes and their differentiation into Ig-secreting cells. This is accompanied by an increase in the rate of Ig gene transcription and the accumulation of mu heavy chain secretory mRNA. Specific antiantigen receptor antibody (anti-mu) induces resting B cells to proliferation but not differentiation. Upon addition of both LPS and anti-mu to cultures, resting B cells again proliferate but do not differentiate. RNA transfer blots of the Ig mRNA 2 days after induction with LPS/anti-mu show a specific deficiency of the 2.4-kilobase (kb) mu secretory mRNA, whereas the levels of the 2.7-kb mu membrane and 1.2-kb kappa light chain mRNAs are as high as in cells treated with LPS alone. Between days 3 and 4 after treatment with both reagents, reductions of mu membrane and, to a smaller extent, kappa mRNA become apparent. As measured by nuclear run-on transcription experiments at day 2, the transcription rates of Ig mu and the Ig kappa transcription units are equal in both induction experiments. Only at later stages do the LPS/anti-mu-treated cells transcribe Ig genes at a lower rate. Thus, the anti-mu treatment, drastically reducing the mu secretory mRNA production at early stages, represents a negative regulation occurring primarily at the posttranscriptional level.
Memory Complaints and Memory Deficits in Young and Old Psychiatric Inpatients (1988)

Memory complaints and memory deficits were investigated in 206 consecutively admitted psychiatric inpatients at the University of Iowa Psychiatric Hospital. Forty-five percent of patients over age 60 years and 29% of patients less than 60 years old had severe memory complaints. Patients with complaints of memory loss were no more likely than patients without such complaints to have a memory deficit. In patients over age 60 years, memory complaint was more common in depression than in dementing and amnestic disorders (73% v 43%), while in younger patients memory complaint was slightly more common in dementing and amnestic disorders than in depression (57% v 41%). Increasing age was significantly correlated with increasing likelihood of memory complaint for depressed patients but not for nondepressed patients. As a result of these findings, memory complaint was found to be a statistically significant marker for depression in the elderly (sensitivity = 73%, specificity = 75%) but not in younger patients. Our results confirm the clinical observation that memory complaints are a useful marker for depressed states in the elderly.
On the Influence of Topological Characteristics on Robustness of Complex Networks (2013)

Abstract In this paper, we explore the relationship between the topological characteristics of a complex network and its robustness to sustained targeted attacks. Using synthesised scale-free, small-world and random networks, we look at a number of network measures, including assortativity, modularity, average path length, clustering coefficient, rich club profiles and scale-free exponent (where applicable) of a network, and how each of these influence the robustness of a network under targeted attacks. We use an established robustness coefficient to measure topological robustness, and consider sustained targeted attacks by order of node degree. With respect to scale-free networks, we show that assortativity, modularity and average path length have a positive correlation with network robustness, whereas clustering coefficient has a negative correlation. We did not find any correlation between scale-free exponent and robustness, or rich-club profiles and robustness. The robustness of small-world networks on the other hand, show substantial positive correlations with assortativity, modularity, clustering coefficient and average path length. In comparison, the robustness of Erdos-Renyi random networks did not have any significant correlation with any of the network properties considered. A significant observation is that high clustering decreases topological robustness in scale-free networks, yet it increases topological robustness in small-world networks. Our results highlight the importance of topological characteristics in influencing network robustness, and illustrate design strategies network designers can use to increase the robustness of scale-free and small-world networks under sustained targeted attacks.
Liquid-Jet-Target Microfocus X-Ray Sources : Electron Guns, Optics and Phase-Contrast Imaging (2008)

This Thesis describes the development of an electron-impact microfocus x-ray source and its application for phase-contrast imaging. The source is based on a novel, liquid-jet target concept. Stable and continuous operation can be achieved at substantially higher electron-beam power densities than conventional solid target based systems. The maximum x-ray brightness can potentially be increased by a factor of 10-1000, which would provide significantly improved performance in applications such as imaging. In order to reach the high x-ray brightness, comparable performance from the electron gun is needed. A LaB6-cathode-based electron gun is analyzed in terms of achievable e-beam brightness and beam quality and is found capable to deliver power densities in the 10-100 MW/mm2 range using optimized electro-optics. A proof-of-principle microfocus source has been developed. Experiments show that the liquid-metal-jet target can be operated at more than an order of magnitude higher e-beam power densities than modern solid-metal targets. This brightness enhancement has been utilized to acquire in-line phase-contrast images of weakly absorbing objects. The source potentially enables the application of high-resolution phase-contrast x-ray imaging with short exposure times in clinics and laboratories. Different liquid-jet-target materials have been tested. The Sn-jet (Ka=25.3 keV) could be suitable for mammography, whereas the Ga-jet ((Ka=9.2 keV) may be utilized for x-ray diffraction studies. In addition, a non-metallic methanol jet has been the demonstrated in stable x-ray operation. All materials and compounds found in liquid form can, thus, potentially be used for electron-impact liquid-jet-target x-ray generation. Scaling to higher e-beam power density and x-ray brightness levels is discussed and is determined to be feasible. Potential difficulties, such as debris emission and instabilities of the x-ray emission spot, are investigated in some detail. Larger and/or faster jets could overcome the present limitations because of their inherently higher heat load capacities. Dynamic-similarity experiments show that liquid jets can in principle be operated in a stable manner at much higher speeds than previously shown.
Real-time implementation and evaluation of model-based controls on CMU DD Arm II (1986)

This paper presents the experimental results of the real-time performance of model-based control algorithms. We compare the computed-torque scheme which utilizes the complete dynamics model of the manipulator with the independent joint control scheme which assumes a decoupled and linear model of the manipulator dynamics. The two manipulator control schemes have been implemented on the CMU DD Arm II with a sampling period of 2 ms. Our initial investigation shows that the computed-torque scheme outperforms the independent joint control scheme as long as there is no torque saturation in the actuators.
Time-Frequency Domain Fast Audio Transcoding (2006)

Bitrate or format transcoding of digital audio data is extremely important in many different types of applications. Transcoding can be performed via complete decoding and re-encoding, but this entails a very high cost in computing power. In this paper, we propose a transcoding method employing frequency domain signals. This method can dramatically reduce the memory requirement and computing power, that is very suitable for computing and power limited applications, such as multimedia recording and playing in handheld devices
Metal-carbon and carbon-carbon bond formation from small molecules and one carbon functional groups (1982)

Article Metal-carbon and carbon-carbon bond formation from small molecules and one carbon functional groups was published on January 1, 1982 in the journal Pure and Applied Chemistry (volume 54, issue 1).
Hyperthermia and Thermosensitive Liposomes for Improved Delivery of Chemotherapeutic Drugs to Solid Tumors (2010)

Lipid-based nanocarriers or liposomes have been proven successful in the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents and are currently applied clinically in the treatment of various types of cancer. Liposomes offer the advantage of a high drug payload, decreased drug toxicity and enhanced drug accumulation at tumor sites. Increased accumulation is due to the relatively leaky tumor vasculature that allows liposome extravasation. Between different types of tumors and even within one tumor, vascular permeability and thus liposome extravasation may differ greatly. Furthermore, upon accumulation of liposomes in the tumor area, drug bioavailability is not guaranteed. At present, these are the major issues for clinically used liposomal drugs.Mild hyperthermia (HT), the heating of tumor tissue to temperatures of up to 43 degrees C, has been developed in the past decades as an established and efficacious treatment modality in combination with chemo- and radiotherapy. HT can be used to further improve liposomal chemotherapy in two ways: HT is known to increase vascular permeability in solid tumors and may therefore increase levels of liposome accumulation, and thermosensitive liposomes have been developed that can be triggered to release their contents upon hyperthermia. By applying these two strategies, drug delivery to tumors can be strongly enhanced.
Reflection-mode x-ray powder diffraction cell for <i>in situ</i> studies of electrochemical reactions (2004)

The design and operation of an electrochemical cell for reflection-mode powder x-ray diffraction experiments are discussed. The cell is designed for the study of electrodes that are used in rechargeable lithium batteries. It is designed for assembly in a glove box so that air-sensitive materials, such as lithium foil electrodes and carbonate-based electrolytes with lithium salts, can be used. The cell uses a beryllium window for x-ray transmission and electrical contact. A simple mechanism for compressing the electrodes is included in the design. Sample results for the cell are shown with a Cu Kα source and a position-sensitive detector.
Secrets of RSS (Visual QuickStart Guide) (2006)

Whether you want to create your own RSS feeds or just would like to locate and add them to your Web site, this is the book for you. In the Secrets of RSS, author Steve Holzner provides real-world guidance and advice to introduce you everything you need to know about effectively implementing and using RSS: ·i¾ i¾ i¾ How to connect to RSS feed, handle them, and track down what you want ·i¾ i¾ i¾ The difference between RSS and blogs, and how nearly every major RSS reader works ·i¾ i¾ i¾ How to design an RSS feed, what you'll find in RSS feeds, and formats and links ·i¾ i¾ i¾ Create your own first RSS feed from scratch:and subscribe to it ·i¾ i¾ i¾ Putting RSS to work in the real-world ·i¾ i¾ i¾ The free tools and software available to help you create RSS files ·i¾ i¾ i¾ Finding, subscribing to, and creating podcasts ·i¾ i¾ i¾ Spreading the word about your RSS feed ·i¾ i¾ i¾ RSS best practices ·i¾ i¾ i¾ And more!
Neuregulin‐2 is developmentally regulated and targeted to dendrites of central neurons (2004)

Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) regulates numerous aspects of neural development and synaptic plasticity; the functions of NRG-2 and NRG-3 are presently unknown. As a first step toward understanding how NRGs contribute to distinct aspects of neural development and function, we characterized their regional and subcellular expression patterns in developing brain. The expression of NRG-1-3 mRNAs was compared postnatally (P0, P7, adult) by using in situ hybridization. NRG-1 expression is highest at birth, whereas NRG-2 mRNA levels increase with development; expression of both genes is restricted to distinct brain regions. In contrast, NRG-3 transcripts are abundant in most brain regions throughout development. NRG-2 antibodies were generated to analyze protein processing, expression, and subcellular distribution. As with NRG-1, the transmembrane NRG-2 proprotein is proteolytically processed in transfected HEK 293 cells and in neural tissues, and its ectodomain is exposed and accumulates on the neuron surface. Despite the structural similarities between NRG-1 and NRG-2, we unexpectedly found that NRG-2 colocalizes with MAP2 in proximal primary dendrites of hippocampal neurons in culture and in vivo, although it is not detectable in axons or in axon terminals. These findings were confirmed with NRG-2 ectodomain antisera and epitope-tagged recombinant protein. In cerebellum, NRG-2 colocalizes with calbindin in proximal dendrites and soma of Purkinje cells. In contrast, NRG-1 is highly expressed in axons of dissociated hippocampal neurons, as well as in somas and dendrites. The distinct temporal, regional, and subcellular expression of NRG-2 suggests its unique and nonredundant role in neural function.
Magnetic Properties and Recording Characteristics of CoPtB-O Perpendicular Recording Media (1992)

CoPtB-O films show a large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and coercivity with a high saturation magnetization. For these reasons, they are promising high-density, high-output media. The recording characteristics of CoPtB-O perpendicular recording media were investigated. CoPtB-O films were prepared by rf sputtering on glass substrate for use as hard disk media, and their recording characteristics were measured using a MIG type ring head for VCRs with a spring suspension. A large reproduced output was obtained at 7.87 Mfc/m (200 kFCI) using a head with an appropriate gap length of 0.35 m. To obtain a large reproduced output at a high recording density, a medium must be used with a high perpendicular coercivity and a large perpendicular anisotropy, and a head gap length must be chosen which is appropriate to the recording wavelength.
Wavelet transform approach to adaptive image denoising and enhancement (2004)

We describe a new method for noise suppression and edge enhancement in digital images based on the wavelet transform. At each resolution, the coefficients associated with noise are modeled by Gaussian random variables. Coefficients associated with edges are modeled by generalized Gaussian random variables, and a shrinkage function is assembled based on posterior probabilities. The shrinkage functions at consecutive scales are combined, and then applied to the wavelets coefficients. Finally, a diffusion equation is applied to the modified wavelet coefficients, to preserve edges that are not isolated. This method is adaptive to different amounts of noise in the image, and tends to be more robust to larger noise contamination than comparable techniques. Compared to a state of the art method that does not require the user to adjust parameters, as in our case, our method presents a superior performance.
A Look at the Canning Record (1944)

To have canned between 143 million and 160 million quarts of fruits and vegetables in a year is a pretty fair sized job. Iowa homemakers, assisted in some instances by their families, did just that last year, if a survey which we made shows the true picture of what happened in 1943.* The survey was made by Iowa State College and the State Nutrition Council.
Water−Nucleobase “Stacking”:  H−π and Lone Pair−π Interactions in the Atomic Resolution Crystal Structure of an RNA Pseudoknot (2003)

The hydrogen bond acceptor capability of aromatic rings has been demonstrated both by experimental and theoretical studies, and D-H...pi interactions (H-pi interaction), where D is mainly N, O, and C, are ubiquitous in structures of macromolecules. By comparison, the interaction of a lone pair of water directly with the face of a pi-system (l.p.-pi interaction) seems counterintuitive and to date has only been studied theoretically. In the crystal structure of an RNA pseudoknot at atomic resolution, all nucleobases not involved in either intra- or intermolecular base-base stacking interactions exhibit stacking with water molecules either of the H-pi or the l.p.-pi type. The geometry observed for the l.p.-pi type water-nucleobase stacking is consistent with that predicted in recent ab initio studies.
Studies on a murine model of congenital toxoplasmosis: vertical disease transmission only occurs in BALB/c mice infected for the first time during pregnancy (1992)

The incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis was determined by an ELISA in the litters of BALB/c mice which had been infected 8 weeks before mating, on day 12 of pregnancy, or on both these occasions. Of those mice given the infection for the first time on day 12 of pregnancy, 5 out of 6 gave birth to infected litters with approximately 50% of the individuals in each litter being infected. BALB/c mice which had been infected 8 weeks before mating did not give birth to infected litters, even if they were reinfected on day 12 of pregnancy. Following infection BALB/c mice were found to harbour significantly fewer tissue cysts than the congenic H-2 derivative BALB/K strain. However, chronically infected BALB/K mice also failed to produce infected litters, indicating that tissue cyst burden in the dam did not influence congenital infection at least on the BALB background. This study demonstrates that BALB/c dams chronically infected with Toxoplasma gondii, have immunity capable of protecting their embryos from congenital infection, even if the dams are reinfected during pregnancy. Our results demonstrate that the BALB/c mouse can be used as a model of human or ovine congenital T. gondii infection suitable for testing putative vaccines.
Integrated Vehicle Accident Detection and Location System (2014)

Many accident victim lives could have been saved if vehicle accident information could be intimated to an evergencey rescue center automatically. This paper proposes an accident detection and location system by determining the deceleration and data fusion from accelerometers and GPS. The bias, drift and noise errors of accelerometers and GPS outage limitation are overcome by integrating with Kalman filter. The test result shows the correct deceleration for accident detection and location. The proposed system will be able to overcome the limitations of GPS/IMU and save valuable human lives.
Infrastructure development for incorporating fibre-optic sensors in composite materials (2000)

The objective of the study described here was to develop health and condition monitoring systems for advanced composite aerospace structures using embedded optical sensor technology. Various technological aspects required development, including methods for embedding optical fibres into composite parts, optical connection systems, sensor design and measurement instrumentation, analysis of the effects of the embedded fibres on the mechanical performance of the composite, strain indication errors and separation of temperature/strain superposition effects. A multi-disciplinary team incorporating relevant expertise was established to study these various aspects.
Losartan-hydrochlorothiazide association promotes lasting blood pressure normalization and completely arrests long-term renal injury in the 5/6 ablation model (2007)

The possible long-term renoprotective effects of treatment with thiazides, either as monotherapy or associated with renin-angiotensin suppressors, have not been assessed. We investigated the effect of hydrochlorothiazide (H), alone or combined with losartan (L), in the 5/6 renal ablation model (Nx). Adult male Munich-Wistar rats underwent Nx, remaining untreated for 1 mo. At this time, functional and morphological studies were performed in 21 rats (group Nx(pre)). The remaining rats were distributed among groups: Nx, no treatment; Nx+L, receiving L, 50 mg kg(-1) day(-1) in the drinking water; Nx+H, receiving H, 6 mg kg(-1) day(-1) in drinking water; and Nx+L+H, receiving both L and H as described. At 30 days of treatment, systemic and glomerular pressures were markedly elevated in group Nx. Both H and L attenuated hypertension, whereas combined L+H treatment completely normalized both pressures. Eight months after Nx, mortality approached 70% in untreated rats, whereas severe albuminuria, hypertension, glomerulosclerosis, and interstitial expansion were observed. H and L attenuated, but did not prevent, mortality, hypertension, and renal injury. Combined L+H treatment completely prevented mortality, normalized albuminuria and blood pressure, and arrested renal injury at levels found 1 mo after ablation, despite the unusually long period of observation. Combined L+H treatment may represent an effective therapeutic alternative to prevent progression of chronic nephropathies.
Active learning using pre-clustering (2004)

The paper is concerned with two-class active learning. While the common approach for collecting data in active learning is to select samples close to the classification boundary, better performance can be achieved by taking into account the prior data distribution. The main contribution of the paper is a formal framework that incorporates clustering into active learning. The algorithm first constructs a classifier on the set of the cluster representatives, and then propagates the classification decision to the other samples via a local noise model. The proposed model allows to select the most representative samples as well as to avoid repeatedly labeling samples in the same cluster. During the active learning process, the clustering is adjusted using the coarse-to-fine strategy in order to balance between the advantage of large clusters and the accuracy of the data representation. The results of experiments in image databases show a better performance of our algorithm compared to the current methods.
Joint linear transmitter and receiver design for the downlink of multiuser MIMO systems (2005)

In this letter, we address the problem of designing jointly the linear transmitter and receiver for the downlink of Multiuser MIMO system, using minimum total mean square error criterion (T-MMSE), subject to a total transmit power constraint. We show that transmitter and receiver under such criterion could be realized through a joint iterative algorithm. The convergence of the proposed algorithm is proved. Simulation results have also been provided to demonstrate the feasibility of this new method.
Analysis of Transient Characteristics for Distributed Generations with the Secondary Feeders (2010)

본 논문에서는 저압배전계통에 연계되어 있는 분산전원의 과도특성을 해석하기 위하여, 실 계통을 모의하여 구축한 분산전원 실증시험센터의 설비를 이용하여, 순간전압강하, 순간전압상승, 고조파, 순간정전 등 배전계통에서 일어날 수 있는 비정상 상태 요소를 발생시켜, 분산전원의 과도특성을 해석하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 과도특성에 대한 시험결과에 의하여, 분산전원 계통연계기술기준(가이드라인)에서 정해진 각종 규정에 대하여 저압선로에 연계되어 운용되고 있는 분산전원의 적합여부를 파악할 수 있었어, 본 연구의 유효성을 확인할 수 있었다. In order to analyze the transient characteristics for distributed generation located with the secondary feeders, this paper constructs a Distributed Generations Filed Test Center which can produce transient characteristics such as voltage sag, swell, interruption, harmonic and so on. And also this paper proposes the test results for the interconnection of distributed generations. The results show the effectiveness for the utility technical guidelines for distributed generations with the secondary feeders.