gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
특집 : 민주주의와 법치주의 ; 민주화 이후 한국정치에서 자유민주주의와 법치주의의 충돌 (2008)

이 글의 목적은 민주화 이후 한국정치에서 자유민주주의와 법치주의의 충돌을 다루는 것이다. 이를 위해 먼저, 서구의 정치(사상)사를 볼 때 발생사적으로 자유민주주의와 사회민주주의는 구분되지만 오늘날 민주주의 국가들 가운데 서구 선진 국가에서는 물론 전 세계적으로도 자유민주주의와 사회민주주의는 그 이념적·정책적 수렴이 이루어지고 있으며 따라서 `헌정체제상`으로 양자를 구분할 커다란 실익이 없다는 입장을 취하고, 그 논거를 간략히 제시하였다. 아울러 우리 헌법에 나타난 자유민주주의와 사회민주주의의 수렴현상을 확인하기 위해 헌법의 경제관련 조항을 간략히 일별하였다. 이어서 우리 헌법의 해석에 있어서 일반적으로 민주공화국의 `민주`, `민주적 기본질서`, `자유민주주의`, `자유민주적 기본질서`의 의미에 커다란 차이가 없다고 생각되지만, `민주적 기본질서`와 `자유민주적 기본질서`라는 구절들이 들어간 조항들이 명문화된 당시의 입법연혁(또는 정치사)을 살펴보았을 때, `자유민주적 기본질서`는 `민주적 기본질서`에 비해 강한 반공주의를 내포하고 있으며, 오늘날 그 유산이 정치는 물론 법체계에서도 지속되고 있다는 점을 지적하였다. 또한 노무현 대통령 탄핵사건 및 행정수도이전에 관한 헌법재판소의 판결과 관련하여 두 사건을 정치학계 일각에서 주장하는 것처럼 민주주의와 법치주의의 충돌로 볼 수 있는지 검토한 후, 이 두 사건을 민주주의와 법치주의의 본격적인 충돌로 보기는 어렵다는 필자의 의견을 밝혔다. 마지막으로 한국정치에서 필자가 우려하는 민주주의와 법치주의의 충돌을 민주주의와 자유주의의 충돌이라는 관점에서 논하였다.
Integrative functional genomic analysis of human brain development and neuropsychiatric risks (2018)

To broaden our understanding of human neurodevelopment, we profiled transcriptomic and epigenomic landscapes across brain regions and/or cell types for the entire span of prenatal and postnatal development. Integrative analysis revealed temporal, regional, sex, and cell type-specific dynamics. We observed a global transcriptomic cup-shaped pattern, characterized by a late fetal transition associated with sharply decreased regional differences and changes in cellular composition and maturation, followed by a reversal in childhood-adolescence, and accompanied by epigenomic reorganizations. Analysis of gene coexpression modules revealed relationships with epigenomic regulation and neurodevelopmental processes. Genes with genetic associations to brain-based traits and neuropsychiatric disorders (including <i>MEF2C</i>, <i>SATB2</i>, <i>SOX5</i>, <i>TCF4</i>, and <i>TSHZ3</i>) converged in a small number of modules and distinct cell types, revealing insights into neurodevelopment and the genomic basis of neuropsychiatric risks.
Domain Wall Spin Torquemeter (2009)

We report the direct measurement of the nonadiabatic component of the spin torque in domain walls. Our method is independent of both the pinning of the domain wall in the wire as well as of the Gilbert damping parameter. We demonstrate that the ratio between the nonadiabatic and the adiabatic components can be as high as 1, and explain this high value by the importance of the spin-flip rate to the nonadiabatic torque. In addition to their fundamental significance these results open the way for applications by demonstrating a significant increase of the spin torque efficiency.
Using pixel rewrites for shape-rich interaction (2003)

This paper introduces new interactive ways to create, manipulate and analyze shapes, even when those shapes do not have simple algebraic generators. This is made possible by using pixel-pattern rewrites to compute directly with bitmap representations. Such rewrites also permit the definition of functionality maps, bitmaps that specify the spatial scope of application functionality, and organic-widgets, implemented right in the pixels to have arbitrary form, integrated with the shape needs of the applications. Together these features should increase our capabilities for working with rich spatial domains.
Automatic Testing and Measurement of QoE in IPTV Using Image and Video Comparison (2009)

Orange Labs Spain, has developed a proof ofconcept aimed at exploring the possibility of automating the testsrequired by new evolutions of the IPTV service, and thusshortening the lifecycle and reducing the overall developmentcosts. It‘s based on an automaton that interacts with the set-top boxjust by emulating a human being (or tester): sending IR remotecontrol commands and analyzing the video output, as a set ofimage comparisons against a valid reference. The analysis unveileda future applicability of the same concept in objectively measuringthe QoE (Quality of Experience). Although there are techniquesand measuring equipment in the industry, they often mix QoS(Quality of Services) with QoE, and causes with effects. In ouranalysis, we propose to clearly separate QoE (as an effect) fromQoS (as possible causes), and also to split the contributions to QoEin those that occur in the preparation of the content (such as theencoding of VoDs (Video on Demand) in backoffice), and thosethat take place at the moment of content delivery itself. Finally, weconsider that the customer enviroment, , is an element that needs tobe considered as a critical part the loop of quality.. As aconclusion, we consider that managing and control the QoE is thefuture to improve the Customer Experience
A fluted femoral intramedullary rod. Biomechanical analysis and preliminary clinical results. (1978)

An intramedullary rod for the femur was designed and compared with rods commonly used. Its bending strength was increased 40 to 80 per cent and its torsional rigidity was increased 230 to 3,000 per cent compared with the other devices tested. In forty patients with traumatic and pathological fractures and osteotomies of the femur, excellent fixation was achieved and very early weight-bearing was possible. In all fresh fractures and non-infected non-unions, union occurred very promptly and bone-grafting was not required in most instances. The stregth and rigidity of the device made it exceptionally useful for non-unions, pathological fractures of the femur, and resection-fusions of the knee.
Stable intracavity doubling of orthogonal linearly polarized modes in diode-pumped Nd:YAG lasers (1988)

The stability of the output light from a diode-pumped intracavity frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser was studied. An intracavity nonlinear crystal, such as Type II phase-matched potassium titanyl phosphate, was used for frequency doubling. The incident beam consisted of two orthogonal linearly polarized modes. When the polarization eigenvectors were parallel to the E and O axes of the crystal, a large amplitude fluctuation was observed; however, when the azimuthal angle between the polarization eigenvectors and the axis was 45 degrees , the light output was stabilized. The experimental results are explained by analyzing the coupling of the two orthogonal linearly polarized modes through a sum-frequency-generation process.
Heat Balance Calculation of Smelting Furnace based on Thermodynamics (1979)

The amounts of each components in matte, slag and gaseous phases under equilibrium are calculated by using free energy change of formation and activity coefficients. The heat balance based on this calculated amounts of mol of components can be obtained by the data of heat of formation, latents heat of phase transitions, heat capacities of components and also heat of mixings in the formation of matte and slag.The flow chart for obtaining necessary amounts of silica flux, air and fuel and temperature of pre-heated air which is necessary to keep the setting temperature in a smelting furnace is shown and explained.Advantages for using enriched air with oxygen are also discussed in points of volume, SO2 content and sensible heat of exit gas as compared with normal air.
Characterization of the ultra-wideband channel (2004)

This paper provides an overview and preliminary results from an ultra-wideband (UWB) channel measurement and modeling campaign performed at Virginia Tech as part of DARPA's "Networking in extreme environments (NETEX)" program. The project includes large scale and small scale channel measurements using various antennas. The environments examined include indoor, outdoor, and indoor-to-outdoor although only the former are discussed here.
Common Genomic Response in Different Mouse Models of β-Adrenergic–Induced Cardiomyopathy (2003)

UCP2 and FHL1 are important candidate genes that correlate with the development of betaAR-induced cardiomyopathy in different mouse models with enhanced betaAR signaling. In addition to preserving cardiac function, betaAR blockade treatment also prevents the genomic regulation that correlates with the onset of heart failure.
Adaptive beamforming for large arrays in satellite communications systems with dispersed coverage (2011)

Conventional multibeam satellite communications systems ensure coverage of wide areas through multiple fixed beams where all users inside a beam share the same bandwidth. The authors consider a new and more flexible system where each user is assigned his own beam, and the users can be very geographically dispersed. This is achieved through the use of a large direct radiating array coupled with adaptive beamforming so as to reject interferences and to provide a maximal gain to the user of interest. New fast-converging adaptive beamforming algorithms are presented, which allow one to obtain good signal to interference and noise ratio with a number of snapshots much lower than the number of antennas in the array. These beamformers are evaluated on reference scenarios.
Identification of an Active Site Alanine in Mevalonate Kinase through Characterization of a Novel Mutation in Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency (1997)

Sequencing of polymerase chain reaction-amplified cDNAs from cultured cells of three patients with mevalonate kinase deficiency revealed a G --> A transversion at nucleotide 1000 of the coding region, converting alanine to threonine at position 334 (A334T). To characterize this defect, we expressed wild-type and mutant cDNAs in Escherichia coli as the glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins, with purification by affinity chromatography. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis for wild-type and mutant fusion proteins indicated an expected molecular mass of 42-43 kDa. Kinetic characterization of the wild-type fusion protein yielded Km values of 150 +/- 23 and 440 +/- 190 microM (mean +/- S.E.) for substrates (RS)-mevalonate and ATP, respectively. Expressed wild-type mevalonate kinase (MKase) had a maximum velocity of 13.6 +/- 1.4 units/mg of protein (n = 22, +/-S.E.), whereas the A334T mutation yielded an enzyme with average Vmax of 0.26 +/- 0.02 unit/mg of protein (n = 6, +/-S.E.), representing a decrease to 1.4% of control Vmax. Restriction digestion with HhaI, in conjunction with direct sequencing of cDNAs, revealed that two patients were homozygous and one heterozygous for the A334T allele, establishing autosomal recessive inheritance within families. Although the A334T enzyme had a normal Km for ATP of 680 +/- 226 microM (n = 3, +/-S.E.), the Michaelis constant for (RS)-mevalonate was increased >30-fold to 4623 +/- 1167 microM (n = 4, +/-S.E.) under standard assay conditions. Comparable kinetic results were obtained using extracts of lymphoblasts, which were homozygous for the A334T allele. Alanine 334 is invariant in MKase from bacteria to man and located in a glycine-rich region postulated to have homology with ATP-binding sequences. Our results indicate that the bacterial expression system for human MKase will provide a useful model system in which to analyze inherited mutations and identify the first active site residue in MKase associated with stabilization of mevalonate binding.
Endogenous stem cells in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery (2009)

Considerable research efforts have recently been made towards the application of autologous stem cell therapy for cardiovascular regeneration. Patients with coronary artery disease undergoing surgery represent a potential target. As yet, this approach has failed to obtain satisfactory evidence in clinical studies. However, several observational studies have described mobilising effect of cardiac surgery on endogenous stem cells, although the mechanisms of this phenomenon and its clinical relevance are not defined. This article reviews available clinical data on the effect of cardiac surgery on endogenous stem cells and outlines some of the controversies in this area.
Making mobile agents communicate: a flexible approach (2002)

The authors assume agents to be computer programs that help a user to perform a task or set of tasks. They consider primitives for agent communication, interaction styles and blackboard systems.
Autonomous Vehicle Speed Control for Safe Navigation of Occluded Pedestrian Crosswalk (2018)

Both humans and the sensors on an autonomous vehicle have limited sensing capabilities. When these limitations coincide with scenarios involving vulnerable road users, it becomes important to account for these limitations in the motion planner. For the scenario of an occluded pedestrian crosswalk, the speed of the approaching vehicle should be a function of the amount of uncertainty on the roadway. In this work, the longitudinal controller is formulated as a partially observable Markov decision process and dynamic programming is used to compute the control policy. The control policy scales the speed profile to be used by a model predictive steering controller.
On-chip silicon waveguide Bragg grating photonic temperature sensor (2015)

Resistance thermometry is a time-tested method for taking temperature measurements. In recent years, fundamental limits to resistance-based approaches have spurred considerable interest in developing photonic temperature sensors as a viable alternative. In this study, we demonstrate that our photonic thermometer, which consists of a silicon waveguide integrated with a Bragg grating, can be used to measure temperature changes over the range of 5°C-160°C, with a combined expanded uncertainty [k=2, 95% confidence level] of 1.25°C. Computational modeling of the sensor predicts the resonance wavelength and effective refractive index within 4% of the measured value.
IP traceback: a new denial-of-service deterrent? (2003)

The increasing frequency of malicious computer attacks on government agencies and Internet businesses has caused severe economic waste and unique social threats. IP traceback-the ability to trace IP packets to their origins-is a significant step toward identifying, and thus stopping, attackers.
Effect Of A Fish Oil On Blood Lipids And Coagulation (1981)

Considerable evidence lias accumulated on the association between abnormal lipoprotein patterns and ischaemic heart disease. There is suggestive evidence that prolonged byper- lipidaemia may cause an increased tendency to thrombosis as a result of a number of factors. The Eskimo diet of marine animals is high in elcosapentaenoio acid (EPA) and it is possible that the low incidence of nyocardial infarction in this race is due to diet. The high intake of SPA by Eskimos is probably the reason for their increased tendency to bleed. The present study was designed to observe the effectiveness of a fish oil high in EPA as a lipid-lowering agent, and its effect on coagulation. Of the 18 subjects in the study 6 were volunteers with no evidence of heart disease- the remaining 12 were attending hospital with angina or post-myocardial infarction. One of this group had undergone a coronary artery by-pass graft operation. Venous blood was taken after a 12-14 hour fast and the subjects instructed to take 10ml of fish oil twice daily with meals. No modification of their normal diet was attempted. A further blood sample was taken 6 weeks later and at 3 months in 5 subjects. Laboratory investigations included blood cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (CHDL;, bleeding time, platelet count and agpegation, antithrombin III, fibrinogen, thrombin time partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin ratio. At six weeks the cholesterol fell lqy an average of 6.3% and triglyceride 36.8% but CHDL was raised 12.4%. The 3 month levels (5 subjects) were cholesterol - 9.2%, triglyceride - 52.1% and CHDL + 16.9%. There were no significant changes observed in the coagulation parameters measured. From the foregoing it would appear that supplementing the diet with fish oil has a desirable effect on blood lipids but at this dose does not influence coagulation.
An Inexpensive Electronically Steerable Antenna for Mobile Applications in L-Band (2006)

This paper presents some design results of an electronically steerable and automatically tracking antenna system suitable for future GEO satellite communications in L-band. The antenna consists of eight stacked patched mounted on a heptagonal corpus. By switching between the different antenna states hemispherical coverage can be achieved without any mechanical movement of the antenna aperture. Switching is controlled by a control and monitoring unit that uses different sensors to determine the current position and heading of the antenna. Some tests conducted in an anechoic chamber show good performance of the antenna.
Mid-infrared surface plasmon resonance in zinc oxide semiconductor thin films (2013)

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in semiconducting materials at mid-infrared (mid-IR) energies offers the potential for new plasmonic functionalities and integration schemes. Mainstream semiconductors are transparent to mid-IR energies, thus a tightly integrated monolithic package for SPR sensing becomes feasible. We report mid-IR surface plasmon resonance in zinc oxide as a model material for semiconductors with 4 × 1019 to 8 × 1019 cm−3 carriers. The surface plasmon modes were characterized using spectroscopic IR-ellipsometry and compared to a reflectivity simulation. The data confirm the feasibility of mid-IR SPR, show a generic ability for plasmon tuning, and demonstrate the predictive power of the reflectivity model.
Triethylborane Induced Radical Reaction of Ketene Silyl Acetals with Polyhalomethanes (1992)

Abstract The treatment of ketene silyl acetal with tetrahalomethane or trihalomethane at room temperature in the presence of a catalytic amount of Et3B provides 3,3-dihaloacrylate or (E)-3-haloacrylate, respectively. On the other hand, a reaction at −23 °C mainly gives 3,3,3-trihalopropanoate or 3,3-dihalopropanoate.
A NheI macrorestriction map of the Neisseria meningitidis B1940 genome (1993)

A macrorestriction map of the Neisseria meningitidis strain B1940 genome was constructed by two-dimensional pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (2D-PFGE) techniques. Digestion of the genomic DNA with the restriction endonuclease NHeI revealed 15 fragments between 10 kb and 450 kb. The sum of the fragments and resolution of the linearized chromosome yielded a total genome size of about 2.3 Mbp. By overlapping methylation with the AluI-methylase six NheI recognition sites could be blocked. Fragments were ordered by partial/complete 2D-PFGE of genomic DNA with and without prior AluI methylation, respectively. All nine AluI-methylase/NheI and 14 NheI restriction sites could be mapped on a single circular chromosome. This map will serve as a useful tool for further genetic analysis of meningococci and exemplifies the power of non-radioactive 2D-PFGE techniques to construct large physical genome maps with a single restriction enzyme.
In situ polymerization of tetraethoxysilane in poly(vinyl acetate) (1994)

Abstract The in situ polymerization of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) yields homogeneous and transparent nanocomposite materials. It was shown that covalent bonds occur between the organic chains and the inorganic clusters, preventing macroscopic phase separation. For an initial amount of TEOS higher than a critical value, gel formation is observed. Up to this critical TEOS content, improved mechanical properties, which persist at high temperatures, are obtained.
EFFECT OF VITAMIN E ON CYTOTOXICITY, DNA SINGLE STRAND BREAKS, CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS, AND MUTATION IN CHINESE HAMSTER V‐79 CELLS EXPOSED TO ULTRAVIOLET‐B LIGHT (1992)

The effect of pretreatment with vitamin E on cytotoxicity, DNA single strand breaks, and chromosomal aberrations as well as on mutation induced by ultraviolet-B light (UV-B) was investigated in Chinese hamster V-79 cells. Cellular pretreatment with non-toxic levels of 25 microM alpha-tocopherol succinate (vitamin E) for 24 h prior to exposure resulted in a 10-fold increase in cellular levels of alpha-tocopherol. Using a colony-forming assay, this pretreatment decreased the cytotoxicity of UV-B light. However, alkaline elution assays demonstrated that pretreatment with vitamin E did not affect the number of DNA single strand breaks caused by UV-B light. In addition, UV-B exposure produced a dose-dependent induction of chromosomal aberrations and mutations at the HGPRT locus, and neither of these actions of UV-B was influenced by pretreatment with the vitamin. These results suggest that vitamin E protects cells from UV-B-induced cytotoxicity, possibly through its ability to scavenge free radicals. The results also suggest that the extent of genotoxicity induced by UV-B light may not correlate directly with the cytotoxic action of this wavelength region in sunlight.
Prevalence of the gene trzN and biogeographic patterns among atrazine-degrading bacteria isolated from 13 Colombian agricultural soils (2010)

The following study evaluated the diversity and biogeography of 83 new atrazine-degrading bacteria and the composition of their atrazine degradation genes. These strains were isolated from 13 agricultural soils and grouped according to rep-PCR genomic fingerprinting into 11 major clusters, which showed biogeographic patterns. Three clusters (54 strains) belonged to the genus Arthrobacter, seven clusters (28 strains) were similar to the genus Nocardioides and only one strain was a gram-negative from the genus Ancylobacter. PCR assays for the detection of the genes atzA, B, C, D, E, F and trzN conducted with each of the 83 strains revealed that 82 strains (all gram positive) possessed trzN, 74 of them possessed the combination of trzN, atzB and atzC, while only the gram-negative strain had atzA. A similar PCR assay for the two analogous genes, atzA and trzN, responsible for the first step of atrazine degradation, was performed with DNA extracted directly from the enrichment cultures and microcosms spiked with atrazine. In these assays, the gene trzN was detected in each culture, while atzA was detected in only six out of 13 soils. These results raise an interesting hypothesis on the evolutionary ecology of the two atrazine chlorohydrolase genes (i.e. atzA and trzN) and about the biogeography of atrazine-degrading bacteria.
0.8/2.2-GHz Programmable Active Bandpass Filters in InP/Si BiCMOS Technology (2015)

Programmable active bandpass filters (BPFs) have been designed in a chip-scale heterogeneous integration technology, which intimately integrates InP HBTs on a deep scaled CMOS technology. Therefore, the active BPF can leverage both high performance of InP HBT and high density and programmability of CMOS. Two BPF prototypes, consisting of a programmable gain amplifier (PGA), a fifth- or third-order BPF core, and a buffer, have been designed and fabricated. The BPF center frequency can be switched from 0.8 to 2.2 GHz with 150-MHz passband and delivers > 55-dB out-of-band (OOB) rejection for the fifth-order one. Four gain steps: 0, 6, 12, and 16 dB, are enabled by the front PGA to trade off noise and linearity performances. Due to the > 300-GHz f T of InP HBTs, the BPF cores can leverage active-RC architecture for high linearity owing to the close-loop implementation. The fifth-order BPF prototype occupies a 1.5 × 1.02 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> area together with pads and draws 106/121 mA from a 3.3-V power supply for 0.8/2.2-GHz bands, respectively, which demonstrates OOB output third-order intercept points (OIP3s) of 22.69/21.25 dBm for 0.8/2.2-GHz bands at the high gain mode. The measurement results suggest the fifth-order BPF core achieves 36.69/35.25-dBm OOB OIP3s. In addition, the designed third-order programmable BPF has been successfully used as a technology yield vehicle to assist the BiCMOS technology development.