gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Notizen: Bildung und [<sup>14</sup>C]-Markierung der Flavono-lignane (Silymarin) bei Silybum marianum (Haller) / Biosynthesis and [<sup>14</sup>C] Labelling of Flavonolignans (Silymarin) by Silybum marianum (Haller) (1974)

Article Notizen: Bildung und [14C]-Markierung der Flavono-lignane (Silymarin) bei Silybum marianum (Haller) / Biosynthesis and [14C] Labelling of Flavonolignans (Silymarin) by Silybum marianum (Haller) was published on February 1, 1974 in the journal Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C (volume 29, issue 1-2).
A two-levels hierarchy for low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (TL-LEACH) (2006)

Wireless sensor networks with thousands of tiny sensor nodes are expected to find wide applicability and increasing deployment in coming years, as they enable reliable monitoring and analysis of the environment. In this paper we propose a modification to a well-known protocol for sensor networks called Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH). This last is designed for sensor networks where end- user wants to remotely monitor the environment. In such situation, the data from the individual nodes must be sent to a central base station, often located far from the sensor network, through which the end-user can access the data. In this context our contribution is represented by building a two-level hierarchy to realize a protocol that saves better the energy consumption. Our TL-LEACH uses random rotation of local cluster base stations (primary cluster-heads and secondary cluster-heads). In this way we build, where it is possible, a two-level hierarchy. This permits to better distribute the energy load among the sensors in the network especially when the density of network is higher. TL- LEACH uses localized coordination to enable scalability and robustness. We evaluated the performances of our protocol with NS-2 and we observed that our protocol outperforms the LEACH in terms of energy consumption and lifetime of the network.
Tunable dispersion compensation experiment in 5.94-Tb/s WDM transmission system (2005)

The capacity limit of a thermally controlled fiber Bragg grating-based chromatic dispersion compensator, which was initially designed for 10 Gb/s operation, was investigated in a 40 Gb/s system. A CS-RZ DQPSK polarization division multiplex (PolDM) system was used as a testbed. An equivalent quasi error-free 5.94 Tb/s capacity was demonstrated when dispersion of up to 73.8 km of SSMF was compensated. The dispersion slope compensation was satisfactory for C-band operation. Additionally, it was found that the compensator introduced band-pass filtering behaviour, which reduced the compensator bandwidth as the dispersion setting was increased. It was also found that even after 41.5 km, there was around 2 dB penalty introduced to DQPSK system while 5 dB penalty to DQPDK-PolDM, referring to BER of 10<sup>-5</sup>.
The Extraction of Potassium from Feldspar by Molten Salt Leaching Method with Composite Additives (2012)

Effects of ratios of feldspar to CaCl 2 to NaCl, roasting temperature ,roasting time and particle size on the melting-out rate of potassium from feldspar was studied by roasting. Results showed that the highest melting-out rate of potassium reached at 95.35% under the ratio of 1.8:1.1:0.6 of feldspar to CaCl 2 to NaCl, particle size 220mesh, roasting temperature 800°C, roasting time 1h.
The reduction of molybdenum(II) trifluoroacetate by pulse radiolysis in methanol (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe reduction of molybdenum(II) trifluoroacetate by pulse radiolysis in methanolJ. H. Baxendale, C. David Garner, Roger G. Senior, and Peter SharpeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 2, 637–638Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00418a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00418a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views54Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Neural tissue engineering using embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (2011)

With the recent start of the first clinical trial evaluating a human embryonic stem cell-derived therapy for the treatment of acute spinal cord injury, it is important to review the current literature examining the use of embryonic stem cells for neural tissue engineering applications with a focus on diseases and disorders that affect the central nervous system. Embryonic stem cells exhibit pluripotency and thus can differentiate into any cell type found in the body, including those found in the nervous system. A range of studies have investigated how to direct the differentiation of embryonic cells into specific neural phenotypes using a variety of cues to achieve the goal of replacing diseased or damaged neural tissue. Additionally, the recent development of induced pluripotent stem cells provides an intriguing alternative to the use of human embryonic stem cell lines for these applications. This review will discuss relevant studies that have used embryonic stem cells to replicate the tissue found in the central nervous system as well as evaluate the potential of induced pluripotent stem cells for the aforementioned applications.
Electrical Conductivity of Ag<sub>2</sub>HgI<sub>4</sub> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrical Conductivity of Ag2HgI4Theodore J. Neubert and George M. NicholsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 11, 2619–2623Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01544a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01544a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views125Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chemical composition and content of essential oil from the bud of cultivated Turkish clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) (2007)

In this study, clove bud oil, which was cultivated in the Mediterranean region of Turkey, was provided from a private essential oil company in Turkey. Essential oil from clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) was obtained from steam-distillation method, and its chemical composition was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The results showed that the essential oils mainly contained about 87.00% eugenol, 8.01% eugenyl acetate and 3.56% β-Caryophyllene. The chemical composition of the Turkish clove bud oil was comparable to those of trees naturally grown in their native regions.
Industrial production of recombinant therapeutics in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and its recent advancements (2012)

Nearly 30% of currently approved recombinant therapeutic proteins are produced in Escherichia coli. Due to its well-characterized genetics, rapid growth and high-yield production, E. coli has been a preferred choice and a workhorse for expression of non-glycosylated proteins in the biotech industry. There is a wealth of knowledge and comprehensive tools for E. coli systems, such as expression vectors, production strains, protein folding and fermentation technologies, that are well tailored for industrial applications. Advancement of the systems continues to meet the current industry needs, which are best illustrated by the recent drug approval of E. coli produced antibody fragments and Fc-fusion proteins by the FDA. Even more, recent progress in expression of complex proteins such as full-length aglycosylated antibodies, novel strain engineering, bacterial N-glycosylation and cell-free systems further suggests that complex proteins and humanized glycoproteins may be produced in E. coli in large quantities. This review summarizes the current technology used for commercial production of recombinant therapeutics in E. coli and recent advances that can potentially expand the use of this system toward more sophisticated protein therapeutics.
Inhibition of natural killer-cell mediated cytolysis with monoclonal antibodies to restricted and non-restricted epitopes of the leucocyte common antigen. (1987)

Three monoclonal antibodies recognizing different epitopes of the leucocyte common molecule, CMRF-11 (against the restricted or B-220 leucocyte common molecule), CMRF-12 and CMRF-26 [each against a different epitope on the non-restricted or T200 leucocyte common (CD45) molecule], were tested for their effects on lymphocyte cytotoxicity. The individual monoclonal antibodies inhibited human natural killer cell-mediated cytolysis (NK-CMC) weakly, but a mixture of CMRF-11 + 12 + 26 antibodies inhibited cytolysis more consistently and to a greater extent. This mixture did not inhibit cytotoxic T lymphocytes derived from secondary mixed lymphocyte cultures. The CMRF-11 + 12 + 26 mix was shown to inhibit a post-conjugate formation stage of lysis at the effector cell level. Inhibition of NK-CMC of a wide range of target cells, including the T-cell lines Jurkat, HSB2 and Molt 4, was demonstrated.
Impaired branched chain amino acid oxidation contributes to cardiac insulin resistance in heart failure (2019)

Branched chain amino acids (BCAA) can impair insulin signaling, and cardiac insulin resistance can occur in the failing heart. We, therefore, determined if cardiac BCAA accumulation occurs in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), due to an impaired catabolism of BCAA, and if stimulating cardiac BCAA oxidation can improve cardiac function in mice with heart failure. For human cohorts of DCM and control, both male and female patients of ages between 22 and 66 years were recruited with informed consent from University of Alberta hospital. Left ventricular biopsies were obtained at the time of transplantation. Control biopsies were obtained from non-transplanted donor hearts without heart disease history. To determine if stimulating BCAA catabolism could lessen the severity of heart failure, C57BL/6J mice subjected to a transverse aortic constriction (TAC) were treated between 1 to 4-week post-surgery with either vehicle or a stimulator of BCAA oxidation (BT2, 40 mg/kg/day). Echocardiographic data showed a reduction in ejection fraction (54.3 ± 2.3 to 22.3 ± 2.2%) and an enhanced formation of cardiac fibrosis in DCM patients when compared to the control patients. Cardiac BCAA levels were dramatically elevated in left ventricular samples of patients with DCM. Hearts from DCM patients showed a blunted insulin signalling pathway, as indicated by an increase in P-IRS1ser636/639 and its upstream modulator P-p70S6K, but a decrease in its downstream modulators P-AKT ser473 and in P-GSK3β ser9. Cardiac BCAA oxidation in isolated working hearts was significantly enhanced by BT2, compared to vehicle, following either acute or chronic treatment. Treatment of TAC mice with BT2 significantly improved cardiac function in both sham and TAC mice (63.0 ± 1.8 and 56.9 ± 3.8% ejection fraction respectively). Furthermore, P-BCKDH and BCKDK expression was significantly decreased in the BT2 treated groups. We conclude that impaired cardiac BCAA catabolism and insulin signaling occur in human heart failure, while enhancing BCAA oxidation can improve cardiac function in the failing mouse heart.
IBM SmartSCOR - a SCOR based supply chain transformation platform through simulation and optimization techniques (2006)

Identified as a strategic area, supply chain transformation plays a critical role in today's IBM business. In this paper, we introduce an effort in IBM Research Division named SmartSCOR, which provides a comprehensive framework and methodology for On-Demand SCM problem-solving based on the cross-industry process standard Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model and a variety of simulation/optimization techniques. SmartSCOR sees transformation in two different levels, from supply chain strategy design/redesign to supply chain process improvement. Supply chain strategy design/redesign transforms a supply chain in a fundamental manner by means of manufacturing and distribution network reconfiguration, value chain integration, etc. Supply chain process improvement helps align the underlying business processes to strategy setting and get them streamlined. The two levels interact with each other and result in a profound while smooth transformation. SmartSCOR has been successfully applied in two supply chain transformation projects for validation and hardening.
A 0.7-Microsecond Ferrite Core Memory (1961)

The design and performance of a newly developed magnetic core memory is described. A two-dimensional array organization and partial switching of toroidal cores were employed in the design of this low-power, high-speed memory. The memory features a unique combination of a current-steering diode matrix and a load-sharing magnetic switch for an economical and high-performance drive system. The operating memory has a storage capacity of 73,728 bits and executes instructions reliably up to a repetition rate of 1.47 mc. The discussion will include a description of the organization, the series-parallel delay line clock, the control of critical timing pulses, and the actual measured performance.
Protein modification in nonaqueous media. Preparation and properties of matrix‐supported lysozyme (1974)

Abstract Hen's egg white lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17) has been covalently attached to a polystyrene matrix via interaction of protein nucleophiles with an aromatic imidazolide function under anhydrous conditions. The polymer‐enzyme complex is prepared in a way which allows nonaqueous solubilization of the complex. The activity of the bound enzyme compares favorably with the activity of the native protein. The pH optima for the matrix‐supported protein are shifted toward the basic side. The effect of substrate concentration on rate has been determined. (A preliminary report of this work has been published: G. J. Bartling, H. D. Brown, S. K. Chattopadhyay, Nature 243 , 342–344 (1973).)
A highly selective enzyme-catalysed esterification of simple glucosides (1989)

F. Björkling, S. E. Godtfredsen and O. Kirk, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1989, 934 DOI: 10.1039/C39890000934
A versatile time domain Reed-Solomon decoder (2003)

A versatile Reed-Solomon (RS) decoder structure based on a time-domain decoding algorithm is developed. The algorithm is modified to increase the performance, and a method is introduced to decode any RS code generated by any generator polynomial. The main advantage of the introduced decoder structure is the versatility. By a versatile decoder, the authors mean a decoder that can be programmed to decode any RS code defined in Galois field 2/sup m/ with a fixed symbol size m. This decoder can correct both errors and erasures for any RS code, including shortened and singly extended codes. The introduced decoder has a very simple structure and can be used to design high-speed, single-chip VLSI decoders.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Profiling the orphan enzymes (2014)

The emergence of Next Generation Sequencing generates an incredible amount of sequence and great potential for new enzyme discovery. Despite this huge amount of data and the profusion of bioinformatic methods for function prediction, a large part of known enzyme activities is still lacking an associated protein sequence. These particular activities are called "orphan enzymes". The present review proposes an update of previous surveys on orphan enzymes by mining the current content of public databases. While the percentage of orphan enzyme activities has decreased from 38% to 22% in ten years, there are still more than 1,000 orphans among the 5,000 entries of the Enzyme Commission (EC) classification. Taking into account all the reactions present in metabolic databases, this proportion dramatically increases to reach nearly 50% of orphans and many of them are not associated to a known pathway. We extended our survey to "local orphan enzymes" that are activities which have no representative sequence in a given clade, but have at least one in organisms belonging to other clades. We observe an important bias in Archaea and find that in general more than 30% of the EC activities have incomplete sequence information in at least one superkingdom. To estimate if candidate proteins for local orphans could be retrieved by homology search, we applied a simple strategy based on the PRIAM software and noticed that candidates may be proposed for an important fraction of local orphan enzymes. Finally, by studying relation between protein domains and catalyzed activities, it appears that newly discovered enzymes are mostly associated with already known enzyme domains. Thus, the exploration of the promiscuity and the multifunctional aspect of known enzyme families may solve part of the orphan enzyme issue. We conclude this review with a presentation of recent initiatives in finding proteins for orphan enzymes and in extending the enzyme world by the discovery of new activities.
Fast content-based search of VRML models based on shape descriptors (2005)

The present paper proposes a novel method for content-based search in a database of VRML three-dimensional (3-D) models. The proposed technique is based on a querying-by-3-D-model approach. A set of shape-based descriptors are extracted from the reference 3-D model and compared to the corresponding descriptors of the VRML models contained in the database. The descriptors used vary from simple geometric measurements such as the aspect ratio or a binary 3-D shape mask to more complex and sophisticated shape-based criteria such as the edge paths of each 3-D model. Similarity measures are then introduced for the specific descriptors and introduced into a 3-D model-matching algorithm. Experimental results are presented, evaluating the performance of the proposed method.
Monitoring, Feedback and Control of Urea SCR Dosing Systems for NOx Reduction: Utilizing an Embedded Model and Ammonia Sensing (2008)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents a monitoring, feedback and control system for SCR urea dosing utilizing an embedded model and NH<sub>3</sub> sensing after the SCR for loop closing control. A one-dimensional SCR model was developed and embedded in a Simulink/Matlab environment. This embedded model is utilized for on-line, real time control of 32.5% aqueous urea dosing in the exhaust stream. Engine testing and simulation are used with the embedded SCR model and NH<sub>3</sub> sensor closed loop feedback to demonstrate the advantages of this control approach for meeting both NO<sub>x</sub> emission requirements and NH<sub>3</sub> slip targets. The paper explores these advantages under heavy duty FTP cycle conditions. The potential benefits include SCR size optimization and fuel consumption rate reduction under certain operating conditions.</div>
Heritability and molecular genetic studies of endometriosis (2000)

Endometriosis is a common disease defined as the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity that often results in a vast array of gynaecological problems including dyspareunia, dysmenorrhoea, pelvic pain and infertility. Despite the increasing evidence that supports a genetic component to this common gynaecological condition, the basic aetiology and pathogenesis of endometriosis remain unknown. It is likely that endometriosis is a common polygenic/multifactorial disease caused by an interaction between multiple genes as well as the environment. Such conditions do not have a clear Mendelian pattern of inheritance. Recent molecular cytogenetic studies on endometriotic tissue and an established endometriosis-derived cell line provide novel evidence that acquired chromosome-specific alterations may be involved in endometriosis, possibly reflecting clonal expansion of chromosomally abnormal cells. Molecular DNA studies examining the role of loss of heterozygosity in endometriotic lesions has identified candidate tumour suppressor gene loci, including 5q, 6q, 9p, 11q and 22q, that may play a role in the malignant transformation of endometriotic implants to endometrioid ovarian cancers. Evidence of mutations in the tumour suppressor PTEN gene in the endometrioid subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer further suggests that somatic genetic alterations represent early events in the transformation of benign endometriotic cells. Genetic factors are also likely to influence individual susceptibility to endometriosis. There is now evidence that heritable allelic differences in drug-metabolizing enzymes play an important role in the development of endometriosis. Further studies are warranted to identify major susceptibility gene(s) and the mechanism involved in endometriosis to assist in the development of better methods for early detection, diagnosis and prevention.