gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical characterization of silicon-on-insulator (2002)

A study of the optical properties of SOI wafers can provide a quick, nondestructive, and reliable characterization technique. In this paper, we demonstrate a new optical technique which can simultaneously and unambiguously determine thickness, interface roughness (/spl sigma/), refractive index (n), and extinction coefficient (k) of thin films for SOI. The Forouhi-Bloomer dispersion equation for n and k is used to analyze measured reflectance spectra.
Trace levels of mechanochemical effects in pulverized polyolefins (2001)

This research investigated the structural changes that occur on different polyethylene polymer systems as a result of a novel pulverization process called solid-state shear pulverization (S3P). High-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, and two forms of linear low-density polyethylene were run through a pulverizer under high shear conditions as well as low shear conditions. The physical properties were examined before and after the pulverization via melt index, melt rheology, GPC, and DSC, techniques. The low shear pulverization did not noticeably alter the physical properties of the polymers. In contrast, high shear pulverization did result in an increase in viscosity as observed by melt index and oscillatory shear experiments, although solid-state and bulk properties as observed by DSC and GPC were not affected. These results indicate that a small amount of mechanochemically induced changes occur as a result of the pulverization process, including incorporation of a small amount of long-chain branches randomly placed on a few of the polymer chains. No evidence of short-chain branching resulting from S3P processing was found in these systems. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 671–679, 2001
Expression of native and deglycosylated colon cancer mucin antigens in normal and malignant epithelial tissues. (1990)

Immunohistochemical techniques were used to determine the distribution and cellular location of the mature and precursor forms of a colonic-type mucin in normal and malignant epithelial tissues. The antisera used in this study were prepared against native human colon cancer mucin (LS), partially deglycosylated mucin (HFA or GalNAc-apomucin), and fully deglycosylated mucin (HFB or apomucin). These antisera reacted with most mucin-producing cells of the normal gastrointestinal tract, salivary ductular cells, bronchial epithelial cells, some bronchial mucous glands, and squamous epithelial cells of the esophagus. Breast, endometrium, ovary, prostate, liver, and thyroid were nonreactive. In most normal organs, HFB reactivity was present in the supranuclear and perinuclear cytoplasm and LS and HFA were located primarily in goblet cell vacuoles, apical cytoplasm, and luminal secretions. These findings are consistent with the expected subcellular locations of apomucin and more "mature" mucins. LS, HFA, and HFB were frequently expressed in adenocarcinomas of the colon, stomach, pancreas, and lung. Lymphoma, sarcoma, and melanoma specimens were nonreactive. Alterations in the expression of these mucin antigens in malignant tissues included loss of subcellular compartmentalization, increased intensity of staining, and disappearance of staining. In addition, de novo expression of HFB was observed in one of five breast carcinomas and three of five ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinomas. These data demonstrate that LS, HFA, and HFB are useful for studying the organ specificities and biosynthetic pathways of one type of mucin in normal and malignant tissues.
The Intermediate Role of Gd3+ in the Energy Transfer from a Sensitizer to an Activator (Especially Tb3+) (1980)

Energy transfer from a sensitizer to an activator via Gd3+ ions is discussed. This is done for the Bi3+ → Dy3+ and Sb3+ → Dy3+ transfer in , and for the Bi3+ → Tb3+ transfer in . The phosphor shows Tb3+ luminescence with a quantum efficiency of 80% for excitation of Bi3+. After excitation of Bi3+, energy transfer takes place to Gd3+ ions. Then the energy may migrate from one Gd3+ to another until energy transfer from Gd3+ to Tb3+ occurs. Compared to the energy transfer in other sensitized Tb3+ phosphors, this process has a high efficiency at relatively low activator concentrations. The energy transfer from Bi3+ to Gd3+ and between Gd3+ions mutually has been investigated for . For energy transfer between Gd3+ ions is observed. The quantum efficiency of the Gd3+ luminescence for Bi3+ excitation of amounts to 75% and decreases for increasing Gd concentrations.
PF1092A, B and C, New Nonsteroidal Progesterone Receptor Ligands Produced by Penicillium oblatum. II. Physico-chemical Properties and Structure Elucidation. (1997)

The structures of PF1092A (1), B (2) and C (3), new nonsteroidal progesterone receptor ligands produced by Penicillium oblatum, were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. These compounds possess an eremophilane-type sesquiterpene carbon skeleton and differ only in that 1 and 2 are different monoacetates of 3. The absolute configurations of 1-3 were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of the 4-bromobenzoyl ester of PF1092A and by measuring the optical rotations of the acetylation products of these compounds.
Chemotherapy of advanced prostatic carcinoma. (1999)

Metastatic prostate cancer remains incurable. Historically, therapy options for patients with nonlocalized disease have been limited to hormonal therapy and palliative radiation therapy. The use of cytotoxic chemotherapy has not been routine, and is still not rigorously demonstrated to alter the natural history of androgen-independent prostate cancer. Nonetheless, there is an established, if not universally accepted, role for chemotherapy in symptom palliation, and several combinations have been described that produce response rates in the range that are associated with alteration of disease progression and improved survival in other cancers. The further refinement of such combination regimens, and their application to patients much earlier in the course of the disease, are the most important immediate challenges for medical oncologists who treat prostate cancer. At present, the curative potential of all local therapies remains disappointing; it is expected that the advent of truly effective systemic therapy will bring much improved prospects for cure by the application of combined modality treatment.
Degrees of Freedom of Uplink-Downlink Multiantenna Cellular Networks (2014)

An uplink-downlink two-cell cellular network is studied in which the first base station (BS) with $M_1$ antennas receives independent messages from its $N_1$ serving users, while the second BS with $M_2$ antennas transmits independent messages to its $N_2$ serving users. That is, the first and second cells operate as uplink and downlink, respectively. Each user is assumed to have a single antenna. Under this uplink-downlink setting, the sum degrees of freedom (DoF) is completely characterized as the minimum of $(N_1N_2+\min(M_1,N_1)(N_1-N_2)^++\min(M_2,N_2)(N_2-N_1)^+)/\max(N_1,N_2)$, $M_1+N_2,M_2+N_1$, $\max(M_1,M_2)$, and $\max(N_1,N_2)$, where $a^+$ denotes $\max(0,a)$. The result demonstrates that, for a broad class of network configurations, operating one of the two cells as uplink and the other cell as downlink can strictly improve the sum DoF compared to the conventional uplink or downlink operation, in which both cells operate as either uplink or downlink. The DoF gain from such uplink-downlink operation is further shown to be achievable for heterogeneous cellular networks having hotspots and with delayed channel state information.
Lead-free Li-modified (Na,K)NbO<sub>3</sub> piezoelectric ceramics fabricated by two-step sintering method (2014)

Two-step sintering method has been applied to (Li0.06Na0.47K0.47)NbO3 (LNKN) ceramics in order to obtain a homogenous microstructure and high density (96.1% TD). The effects of the sintering temperature on the microstructure and electrical properties of LNKN ceramics were investigated. The two-step sintering has provided better densification at relatively lower temperature (≦950°C) than that of one-step sintering (1082°C), which suppresses the abnormal grain growth. In addition, the more homogeneous microstructure has been obtained by two-step sintering. The measured dielectric constant, dielectric loss and Curie temperature of the sample for two-step sintering were 666, 2.0% and 454°C, respectively, similar to the values obtained with one-step sintering. Nevertheless, LNKN ceramics prepared by two-step sintering showed higher coercive electric field (=18.8 kV/cm) than that revealed by one-step sintering (=13.0 kV/cm).
Motion Artifact Reduction and Data Compression of Photoplethysmo-graphic Signals utilizing Cycle by Cycle Fourier Series Analysis (2008)

Artifact-free clean photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals obtained at red and infrared (IR) wavelengths are required for the estimation of the level of oxygen saturation (SpO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> ) in arterial blood of a patient. Movement of a patient corrupts a PPG signal with motion artifacts and introduces large errors in the computation of SpO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> . A novel method to remove motion artifacts from corrupted PPG signals by applying Fourier series analysis on a cycle by cycle basis is presented in this paper. Over and above artifact reduction, the proposed method also provides data compression. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method is insensitive to heart rate variation, introduces negligible error in the processed PPG signals due to the additional processing, preserves all the morphological features of the PPG, provides 35 dB reduction in motion artifact and achieves a data compression factor of 12.
Low‐Temperature Electrodeposition of Room‐Temperature Ultraviolet‐Light‐Emitting Zinc Oxide (2003)

A high‐quality (0001)‐oriented ZnO layer that emits ultraviolet light at room‐temperature has been prepared by electrodeposition on a (111) Au/(100) Si substrate. The ZnO layer emits ultraviolet light at a photon energy of around 3.3 eV due to the recombination of bound excitons and visible light at 2.34–2.8 eV at room temperature. The preparation temperature for this electrodeposition technique is several hundreds of degrees less than for other known techniques.
Joannis Calvini Onera selecta, edd. Petrus Barth, Dora Scheuner vol. II. Munich, Chr. Kaiser, 1952 (1953)

Wendel François. Joannis Calvini Onera selecta, edd. Petrus Barth, Dora Scheuner vol. II. Munich, Chr. Kaiser, 1952. In: Revue d'histoire et de philosophie religieuses, 33e année n°4,1953. pp. 342-343.
A Chiral Sensor for Arginine and Lysine (2000)

[structure: see text] We provide access to a new class of C1- or C2-symmetrical host molecules 1 and 2 based on a spirobisindane skeleton. Whereas 1 is selective for short, rigid diamines, 2 prefers longer alpha,omega-dications. Of all the amino acid methyl esters, only those of lysine and arginine with the correct distance between their cationic groups form strong 1:1 complexes in DMSO with 2. NMR titrations reveal high association constants as well as discrimination between the enantiomers of lysine and arginine.
Design Investigation of Embroidered Interactive Elements on Non-Wearable Textile Interfaces (2020)

As smart textiles are becoming more present in our lives, investigating and designing textile interfaces has started getting more and more attention. Still, very little research has been done on how to design interactive elements for non-wearable textile interfaces for the best recognition, perception, and interaction. In this paper, we present initial assumptions for designing such interfaces, which we derived from working intensively with our partners from the industry. These have been further explored with experts from the field during interviews, and finally tested in a user study. As a conclusion of the study, we define five design recommendations for textile interfaces and present several prototypes that demonstrate them in practice. Our recommendations cover tactile contrast between textures, heights, and shapes; minimal recognizable size of elements; perception of concave and convex shapes as interactive elements; indication of interaction through shape; and recognition of tactile symbols.
Electron Microscopic Evaluations of Clot Morphology During Thrombelastography?? (2004)

In this study, we characterized clot morphology with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at time points corresponding to the commonly used thrombelastography (TEG) variables, illustrating the correlation of the physical clot formation with TEG(R) tracings. The first channel of the TEG analyzer was used to obtain the tracings of clot formation, while the sub-samples for the SEM were obtained from the second TEG channel. Different types of samples were examined, including whole blood, abciximab-treated whole blood, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and abciximab-treated PRP. The SEM images were obtained at reaction time, different amplitudes (5-30 mm), maximum amplitude (MA), and at amplitude 60 min after MA. In the whole blood, coarse fibrin and activated platelets were observed at reaction time and fibrin strands progressively became more solid and intertwined at amplitude 10 mm and thereafter. Red blood cells were surrounded with fibrin strands at amplitude 30 mm and were tightly packed by fibrin strands at MA. In abciximab-treated whole blood, red blood cell shape was maintained at MA. The process of fibrin formation and platelet activation was also examined in PRP. Abciximab did not block platelet shape change, although the blockage of fibrin binding to platelets was shown on the TEG analyzer. In summary, we have shown structural changes of the forming clot in relation to TEG variables.
Ebola vaccine development: Systematic review of pre-clinical and clinical studies, and meta-analysis of determinants of antibody response variability after vaccination (2018)

Various platforms have been evaluated in humans, including Ad26, Ad5, ChimpAd3, DNA, MVA, and VSV. In addition to platforms, viral strain used for antibody detection influences antibody response. However, variability remained mostly unexplained. Therefore, comparison of vaccine immunogenicity needs randomised controlled trials.
New Formula to Calculate Corneal Power After Refractive Surgery (2004)

We propose a theoretical variable refractive index that is correlated to axial length. Utilizing this keratometric correct power, we calculated IOL power similar to that for emmetropia.
STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF RAPIDLY SOLIDIFIED ALUMINUM-LITHIUM ALLOYS (1987)

Considerable improvements have been made during the last decade in the properties of Al-Li alloys for aerospace applications. However, the development of Al-Li alloys for applications that require higher stiffness and lower density than those achieved with ingot casting technology necessitates the use of rapid solidification processing to minimize microsegregation related property deficiencies. The present paper discusses the current status of rapidly solidified Al-Li alloy development at Allied-Signal. The main emphasis of the program has been placed on the achievement of optimum properties by simple heat treatment process, which appears to be essential for the development of high-performance near net-shape Al-Li alloy forgings.
Use of SIMD Vector Operations to Accelerate Application Code Performance on Low-Powered ARM and Intel Platforms (2013)

Augmenting a processor with special hardware that is able to apply a Single Instruction to Multiple Data(SIMD) at the same time is a cost effective way of improving processor performance. It also offers a means of improving the ratio of processor performance to power usage due to reduced and more effective data movement and intrinsically lower instruction counts. This paper considers and compares the NEON SIMD instruction set used on the ARM Cortex-A series of RISC processors with the SSE2 SIMD instruction set found on Intel platforms within the context of the Open Computer Vision (OpenCV) library. The performance obtained using compiler auto-vectorization is compared with that achieved using hand-tuning across a range of five different benchmarks and ten different hardware platforms. On the ARM platforms the hand-tuned NEON benchmarks were between 1.05x and13.88x faster than the auto-vectorized code, while for the Intel platforms the hand-tuned SSE benchmarks were between1.34x and 5.54x faster.
Evidence for Early Vulnerability of the Medial and Inferior Aspects of the Temporal Lobe in an 82-Year-Old Patient With Preclinical Signs of Dementia (1992)

Detailed neuropathologic studies of neurofibrillary tangle and senile plaque distribution have shown that key elements of certain neocortical and hippocampal circuits are either compromised or lost in Alzheimer's disease. It has been suggested that a global corticocortical disconnection underlies dementia and leads to the dramatic disruption of integrated functions exhibited by patients with Alzheimer's disease. To investigate the distribution of lesions associated with the earliest indications of incipient dementia, we performed a quantitative neuropathologic evaluation of a non-demented 82-year-old patient demonstrating globally intact intellectual function but initial signs of impairment of specific cognitive functions before death. We observed densities of senile plaques comparable to those found in Alzheimer's disease throughout the cerebral cortex, whereas extensive neurofibrillary tangle formation was restricted to selective areas of the temporal lobe. The results of this systematic quantitative and comparative analysis of medial and inferior temporal lobe structures suggest a functional relationship between the degree of cognitive decline evidenced in the earliest stages of Alzheimer's disease and the anatomic progression of Alzheimer's disease-related pathologic changes along specific elements of the cortical circuitry.
Radially polarized optical vortex converter created by femtosecond laser nanostructuring of glass (2011)

We demonstrate the generation of optical vortices with radial or azimuthal polarization using a space variant polarization converter, fabricated by femtosecond laser writing of self-assembled nanostructures in silica glass. Manipulation of the induced form birefringence is achieved by controlling writing parameters, in particular, the polarization azimuth of the writing beam. The fabricated converter allows switching from radial to azimuthal polarization by controlling the handedness of incident circular polarization.
Mode of Action of Invasion-Inhibitory Antibodies Directed against Apical Membrane Antigen 1 of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> (2005)

Antibodies against apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1) of Plasmodium falciparum inhibit merozoite invasion into erythrocytes. Invasion-inhibitory polyclonal AMA-1 antibodies inhibit secondary proteolytic processing and surface redistribution of AMA-1 on merozoites. We present evidence supporting inhibition of processing and redistribution as probable causes of inhibition of invasion by polyclonal antibodies. Polyclonal anti-AMA-1 was much more inhibitory than monoclonal antibody (MAb) 4G2dc1 in an invasion assay. Although both polyclonal and monoclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) inhibited secondary processing of the 66-kDa form of AMA-1, only polyclonal IgG caused its anomalous processing, inhibited its redistribution, and cross-linked soluble forms of AMA-1 on merozoites. Moreover, Fab fragments of polyclonal IgG that fail to cross-link did not show the enhancement of inhibitory effect over intact IgG, as observed in the case of Fab fragments of MAb 4G2dc1. We propose that although blocking of biologically important sites is a common direct mode of action of anti-AMA-1 antibodies, blocking of AMA-1 secondary processing and redistribution are additional indirect inhibitory mechanisms by which polyclonal IgG inhibits invasion. We also report a processing inhibition assay that uses a C-terminal AMA-1-specific MAb, 28G2dc1, to detect merozoite-bound remnants of processing (approximately 20 kDa from normal processing to 48 and 44 kDa and approximately 10 kDa from anomalous processing to a 52-kDa soluble form of AMA-1). The ratio of intensity of 10-kDa bands to the sum of 10- and 20-kDa bands was positively correlated with inhibition of invasion by polyclonal antibodies. This assay may serve as an important immunochemical correlate for inhibition of invasion.
Swift: a storage architecture for large objects (2002)

The authors describe an input/output architecture called Swift that addresses the problem of storing and retrieving very large data objects from slow secondary storage at very high data rates. Swift addresses the problem of providing data rates required by digital video by exploiting the available interconnection capacity and by using several slower storage devices in parallel. Two studies have been performed to validate the Swift architecture: a simulation study and an Ethernet-based, proof-of-concept implementation. Both studies indicate that the aggregation principle proposed in Swift can yield very high data-rates.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sports fractures. (1994)

Fractures occur in athletes and dramatically influence performance during competitive and recreational activities. Fractures occur in athletes as the result of repetitive stress, acute sports-related trauma and trauma outside of athletics. The literature provides general guidelines for treatment as well as a variety of statistics on the epidemiology of fractures by sport and level of participation. Athletes are healthy and motivated patients, and have high expectations regarding their level of function. These qualities make them good surgical candidates. Although closed treatment methods are appropriate for most sports fractures, an aggressive approach to more complicated fractures employing current techniques may optimize their subsequent performance.