gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A NEW PAN SPECIES MODEL FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF IN VIVO THROMBOLYSIS (1987)

A new model suitable for the quantitation of Li vivo thrombolytic efficacy was developed which has significant advantages over currently available models. This model allows animals to be used repeatedly and produces data that are less variable.This is a species-independent model utilizing an arterio-venous shunt (AVS). This model was used in rabbits (3 kg) and beagle dogs (13 kg). Each animal was used repeatedly during a 7 day experimental period without evidence of antibody formation. Clot lysis data are less variable than the rabbit jugular vein clot lysis model (RJV). The average coefficient of variation at all doses ([SD/Mean]×l00) with the AVS model was 13±9 and 21±6 for dogs and rabbits, respectively, compared to 25±11 for the RJV model. The rate of data accunulation with the AVS is 3-fold greater than the RJV. In the dog, catheters (25 cm long, 1.6 mm ID) were placed in the jugular vein and the carotid artery, tunneled under the skin to the back of the neck, exteriorized and plugged with a heparin lock. Thrombi were made from a donor dog by placing 0.7 ml of whole blood in a 1 cc plastic syringe barrel containing a cotton thread. The blood was clotted for 2 hr at 37.5 deg C, in vitro. The thrombus was rinsed and the syringe barrel was connected into the circulation by silicone tubing for a 90 min test period. Clot lysis was determined by weight. The flow rate across the thrombus was regulated to 60 ml/min by placing a teflon capillary tube (30 cm, o.7 mm OD) on the venous side. The procedure for the rabbit study differed as follows: Rabbit blood made larger clots therefore the blood was diluted with saline (4 to 1). Clots were incubated 90 min in vitro. The flow rate was 40 ml/min. Clot lysis was measured by the loss of 125-1 fibrinogen. The dose of reccminant t-PA (ActivaseR, Actilyse™) that achieved 40% lysis (ED40) was determined to be 180 ugAg in the dog and 660 ugAg in the rabbit AVS model. Using the RJV model the ED40 was 340 ug/kg.
Benzodiazepines (BZ) for the management of psychosis. (1991)

This article will review the literature on the use of a BZ in schizophrenic nonresponders, other acutely psychotic patients, acute mania and catatonia.
Vulnerable plaques, inflammation and newer imaging modalities. (2004)

Currently, inflammation is considered to be the central player in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. It leads to the formation of multiple plaques in the arterial beds including coronary vasculature. Recent studies using the latest imaging techniques have shown that in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) multiple plaques are ruptured and have thrombus formation on them. Various factors make these plaques unstable, these include structural components of plaque like thin fibrous cap, high lipid content of the plaque core and inflammation, both localized and generalized. It has been shown that most of the ACS are caused by plaques causing non-critical stenosis as seen on traditional X-ray angiography. Also, the phenomenon of remodelling makes angiography a poor technique for plaque visualization. Hence newer modalities are required to identify these "vulnerable plaques". Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), thermography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are a few such promising techniques. Here we review the invasive and non-invasive modalities that can be helpful in the identification of these plaques before they become unstable and cause ACS, and also the available therapies to stabilize these plaques.
Hormonal replacement therapy and morbidity and mortality in a prospective study of postmenopausal women. (1995)

We assessed the association of hormonal replacement therapy with mortality and incidence of multiple diseases in over 40,000 postmenopausal women followed for 6 years as part of the Iowa Women's Health Study. Compared with women who never used hormone replacement therapy, current users had multivariate adjusted relative risks (RR) as follows: total mortality (RR = 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.65, 0.94), coronary heart disease mortality (RR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.48, 1.12), endometrial cancer incidence (RR = 4.3; 95% CI = 2.7, 6.9), breast cancer incidence (RR = 1.23; 95% CI = 0.99, 1.55), colon cancer incidence (RR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.46, 1.12), and hip fracture incidence (RR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.31, 0.91).
Risk Analysis of Prostate Cancer in PRACTICAL, a Multinational Consortium, Using 25 Known Prostate Cancer Susceptibility Loci (2015)

We demonstrate that the risk profiling based on SNPs can identify men at substantially increased or reduced risk that could have useful implications for targeted prevention and screening programs.
Artificial neural network predictions of up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor performance in the treatment of citrus juice wastewater. (2012)

The operation of a full-scale up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating citrus juice wastewater was observed for two years. The average total chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency was determined to be equal to 79% and 77%, for the first and second years of operation for this reactor, respectively. The average volumetric loading rate was equal to 8.1 and 5.7 kg COD/m 3 day, respectively, during these periods. Three artificial neural network (ANN) models, namely feed forward back propagation (FFBP), radial basis function-based neural networks (RBF), and generalized regression neural networks (GRNN) were utilized to predict the COD and total suspended solid (TSS) concentrations in the effluent leaving the UASB reactor as well as the biogas production in the reactor. In general, the FFBP model made the best predictions with an average deviation of about 6.4-15.6% from the experimental values. The predictions made for biogas production and COD concentration were more accurate, while relatively larger discrepancies existed for the TSS concentration. The utilization of the ANN models generally provided significant improvements when compared to the use of multilinear regression for the same purpose.
Bovine herpesvirus 1 infection and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (2007)

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), classified as an alphaherpesvirus, is a major pathogen of cattle. Primary infection is accompanied by various clinical manifestations such as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, abortion, infectious pustular vulvovaginitis, and systemic infection in neonates. When animals survive, a life-long latent infection is established in nervous sensory ganglia. Several reactivation stimuli can lead to viral re-excretion, which is responsible for the maintenance of BoHV-1 within a cattle herd. This paper focuses on an updated pathogenesis based on a molecular characterization of BoHV-1 and the description of the virus cycle. Special emphasis is accorded to the impact of the latency and reactivation cycle on the epidemiology and the control of BoHV-1. Several European countries have initiated BoHV-1 eradication schemes because of the significant losses incurred by disease and trading restrictions. The vaccines used against BoHV-1 are described in this context where the differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals is of critical importance to achieve BoHV-1 eradication.
Novel dietary strategies can improve the outcome of weight loss programmes in obese client-owned cats (2009)

A randomised, single-blinded, positively controlled, field trial for weight loss in obese client-owned cats was undertaken to look at novel diets and dietary strategies that could improve owner compliance and, therefore, success of feline weight loss programmes. Three dietary strategies were evaluated: strategy A used a novel dry high fibre ration; strategy B used ready-prepared portions of dry and moist food; strategy C used an existing commercial dry high fibre ration fed with a measuring cup. Cats were assessed at weeks 4, 12 and 20, and adjustments to the energy allocation made if required. Mean weight loss at 20 weeks (A: 11.0+/-1.3%, B: 10.9+/-1.2%, C: 11.9+/-1.7%) and mean energy allocation (A: 31.0, B: 28.5 and C: 32.2 kcal/kg of target body weight/day) were similar amongst strategies. However, owners' subjective hunger score was significantly (P<0.001) higher with strategy C than with strategies A and B. Further, owner satisfaction was lowest with strategy C, and more owners also regarded food allowance as insufficient with this strategy. Novel diets and feeding strategies may improve outcome in feline weight loss programmes.
Successful engraftment of T-cell-depleted haploidentical "three-loci" incompatible transplants in leukemia patients by addition of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cells to bone marrow inoculum (1994)

Patients who undergo transplantation with haploidentical “three-loci” mismatched T-cell-depleted bone marrow (BM) are at high risk for graft failure. To overcome the host-versus-graft barrier, we increased the size of the graft inoculum, which has been shown to be a major factor in controlling both immune rejection and stem cell competition in murine models. Seventeen patients (mean age, 23.2 years; range, 6 to 51 years) with end-stage chemoresistant leukemia were received transplants of a combination of BM with recombinant human granulocyte colony- stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cells from HLA- haploidentical “three-loci” incompatible family members. The average concentration of colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage in the final inoculum was sevenfold to 10-fold greater than that found in BM alone. The sole graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis consisted of T-cell depletion of the graft by the soybean agglutination and E- rosetting technique. The conditioning regimen included total body irradiation in a single fraction at a fast dose rate, antithymocyte globulin, cyclophosphamide and thiotepa to provide both immunosuppression and myeloablation. One patient rejected the graft and the other 16 had early and sustained full donor-type engraftment. One patient who received a much greater quantity of T lymphocytes than any other patient died from grade IV acute GVHD. There were no other cases of GVHD > or = grade II. Nine patients died from transplant-related toxicity, 2 relapsed, and 6 patients are alive and event-free at a median follow-up of 230 days (range, 100 to 485 days). Our results show that a highly immunosuppressive and myeloablative conditioning followed by transplantation of a large number of stem cells depleted of T lymphocytes by soybean agglutination and E-rosetting technique has made transplantation of three HLA-antigen disparate grafts possible, with only rare cases of GVHD.
The Product of the ATM Gene Is a 370-kDa Nuclear Phosphoprotein (1996)

Neuronal degeneration, gonadal abnormalities, and immune deficiency are some of the major manifestations of the hereditary disease ataxia telangiectasia, which is caused by mutations in a single gene, designated ATM. Here we show that the product of the ATM gene is a 370-kDa nuclear phosphoprotein. Because ATM knockout mice recapitulate the clinical symptoms of the human disease, we have examined ATM gene expression in mice. In mouse embryos at gestation day 13.5, ATM mRNA is expressed ubiquitously, with high levels detected in the nervous system and lung. Elevated ATM mRNA levels were also found in the thymus of mouse embryos at gestation day 18.5, a time when V(D)J recombination is occurring. In adult mice, ATM protein was detected in all tissues examined and was present at elevated levels in the testis, spleen, and thymus. The ATM expression pattern and the nuclear localization of the ATM protein are consistent with the proposed function of ATM in the activation of cell cycle checkpoints, DNA repair, and genetic recombination.
A Generalized Approach to the Replication of Cylindrical Bodies With Compound Curvature (1984)

A generalized method of surface definition and replication for cylindrical type objects of compound curvature is presented. The interactive approach is suited to mini-computer installations used in conjunction with standard three-axis NC machines. The compound curvature surface is defined by a new form of central perspective shadow moire contourography called pericontourography. The resulting digital data are treated in such a way that a quasi-helical cutter path is generated which may be applied directly to an NC milling machine (mill turning) or an NC lathe. Specifying the surface in terms of the subsequent machining process avoids the use of complex surface fitting and reformating routines. Interference with the spherical ended tool and the object surface is automatically tested and corrections to the cutter path are made.
Investigations on the prediction of radiowave propagation in urban microcell environments using ray-tracing methods (1996)

Future personal and mobile radiocommunication systems may use microcells to achieve high capacity. Base station antennas will be located at low heights, below the roof height of surrounding buildings, to restrict the coverage area of each cell. The aim of the work described in the paper is to develop theoretical models which can predict the effect of buildings on radiowave propagation in urban microcells. Radiowave propagation in urban microcells is investigated using a computer ray-tracing program. Direct, reflected and diffracted rays are used to calculate signal strength predictions. Diffracted rays are calculated using the uniform theory of diffraction. The operation of the program is verified experimentally in the laboratory using the method of scaled modelling. The experiments are carried out on an aluminium ground plane, which is an idealised representation of the ground in the outdoor system. Buildings are represented in the experiment by aluminium boxes. The relative importance of different rays is investigated and only a small number of rays are found to be important at each location. This raises the possibility of more efficient ray-tracing computer programs which can calculate field strengths more quickly by pre-selecting the most significant rays.
THERMAL CHARACTERISATION ANALYSIS OF HEAT-SINK HEAT PIPES UNDER FORCED CONVECTION (2014)

Paper presented to the 10th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Florida, 14-16 July 2014.
Insulin-like growth factor I and transforming growth factor alpha as autocrine growth factors in human pancreatic cancer cell growth. (1990)

The roles of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) as autocrine factors in the proliferation of MIA-PaCa 2 cells (human pancreatic cancer cells, PC cells) were investigated. Furthermore, the mechanism(s) of inhibition of PC cell growth by a phorbol ester in relation to these two kinds of growth factor was also studied. PC cells grew autonomously when Dulbecco's modified essential medium supplemented with 4% fetal calf serum was changed to serum-free medium (0.3% bovine serum albumin-Dulbecco's modified essential medium). In addition, serum-free conditioned medium from PC cells dialyzed against fresh Dulbecco's modified essential medium had a stimulatory action on the growth of the same kind of cells when compared with that induced by nonconditioned medium. These observations suggest that a factor(s) produced and released by PC cells stimulates their own growth. Analysis of conditioned medium from PC cells revealed the presence of immunoreactive (IR)-IGF-I and IR-TGF-alpha. The molecular size of IR-IGF-I was similar to that of authentic IGF-I. On the other hand, IR-TGF-alpha was present as multiple forms when analyzed using gel chromatography. Authentic IGF-I and TGF-alpha added to culture medium stimulated PC cell growth by 1.45- and 1.5-fold above control value, respectively. A monoclonal antibody to IGF-I receptor was able to inhibit PC cell growth. PC cell proliferation was markedly inhibited by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-acetate (greater than 0.16 nm), whereas cell growth of human fibroblasts was stimulated by it. 12-O-Tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate also reduced the binding of 125I-TGF-alpha, but not 125I-IGF-I, to PC cells. Decrease in TGF-alpha binding was mainly due to the reduced affinity of receptors to the ligand. These results suggest that IGF-I and TGF-alpha are involved in PC cell proliferation as autocrine factors. Further, the inhibition of PC cell growth by phorbol ester could be, at least partly, due to the decreased binding of TGF-alpha to the cells.
Rescuing cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-processing mutants by transcomplementation (2004)

Most cases of cystic fibrosis (CF) are caused by mutations that block the biosynthetic maturation of the CF gene product, the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel. CFTR-processing mutants fail to escape the endoplasmic reticulum and are rapidly degraded. Current efforts to induce the maturation of CFTR mutants target components of the biosynthetic pathway (e.g., chaperones) rather than CFTR per se. Such methods are inherently nonspecific. Here we show that the most common CF-causing mutant (DeltaF508-CFTR) can form mature, functional chloride channels that reach the cell surface when coexpressed with several other CFTR-processing mutants or with amino fragments of the wild-type CFTR protein. This transcomplementation effect required a specific match between the region flanking the disease-causing mutation and the complementing fragment; e.g., amino fragments complemented DeltaF508-CFTR but not H1085R (a carboxy-processing mutant), whereas a carboxy fragment complemented H1085R but not DeltaF508-CFTR. Transcomplementing fragments did not affect CFTR interactions with Hsc70, a chaperone previously implicated in CFTR biosynthesis. Instead, they may promote CFTR maturation by blocking nonproductive interactions between domains within the same or neighboring CFTR polypeptides that prevent normal processing. These findings indicate that it may be possible to develop CF therapies (e.g., mini-cDNA constructs for gene therapy) that are tailored to specific disease-causing mutants of CFTR.
Growth, Nitrogen Fixation, and Spectral Attenuation in Cultivated <i>Trichodesmium</i> Species (1993)

Physiological studies of Trichodesmium species have been hindered by difficulties in maintaining actively growing, nitrogen-fixing cultures. Previous cultivation successes have not been widely duplicated. We present here a simple modified seawater medium and handling techniques which have been used to maintain actively growing Trichodesmium thiebautii in laboratory culture for over 1 year. The cultured population, isolated from coastal Atlantic waters, has a growth rate of 0.23 division day and exhibits light-dependent nitrogen fixation during exponential growth. Various morphologies, including solitary trichomes, and aggregates (spherical puffs and fusiform tufts) are present during growth. Spectral and scalar irradiance were measured within naturally occurring (coastal Atlantic) aggregates with small (diameter, 50 to 70 mum) spherical fiber-optic sensors. In contrast to naturally occurring puffs, cultivated Trichodesmium aggregates exhibited spectral properties consistent with low-light adaptation. Cultivated puff-type aggregates were also examined by using oxygen microelectrodes. The simple medium and approach used for cultivation should be easily reproducible and amenable to further manipulations and modifications useful for physiological studies of Trichodesmium spp. in culture.
Magnetic interaction between manganese (2+) atoms through aquo bridges and bifurcated cyano groups (2007)

The magnetic interaction between adjacent manganese atoms through aquo double bridges in Mn2[M(CN)6]·xH2O where x = 8 and 2 and M = Fe, Ru, Os, was studied. Through these bridges a relatively weak antiferromagnetic interaction is established with an estimated Curie–Weiss temperature, |θCW|, close to 4 K and a super exchange constant, |J|, of 0.27 cm−1. When these materials are dehydrated the antiferromagnetic interaction between the Mn atoms undergoes a dramatic increase, with estimated values for |θCW| and |J| of 61 K and 4.11 cm−1, respectively. Such reinforcement in the magnetic interaction is accompanied by a shift of 32 cm−1 for the ν (CN) vibration towards the low frequency region while for the iron compound the Mossbauer spectrum, initially a single line, becomes a quadrupole splitting doublet of relatively low isomer shift (δ) value. The Curie constant of the involved Mn atoms shows a negative correlation with the observed shifts in ν (CN) and δ on dehydration. From the observed magnetic behaviour and the spectroscopic data a double coordination of an N end of the CN ligand to two Mn atoms is proposed. Such strong magnetic interaction through the N atom of the CN ligand could be used as a prototypical bridge to obtain high Tc molecular magnets.
Growth Rates as an Index of Hydrological Change (1989)

In this paper we evaluate the hypothesis that evapotranspiration and vegetative growth are directly related. The test catchment is Watts River, which was severely burnt in the 1939 bushfires. It forms part of the Maroondah catchments, in the water supply system of Melbourne, Victoria. Vegetative growth is quantified from independently obtained data on growth of Mountain Ash trees - the predominant catchment vegetation. Streamflow was predicted by subtracting the growth-determined evapotranspiration from the annual rainfall. The overall pattern of streamflow variation before and after a bushfire that initiated extensive regrowth on the catchment was reproduced remarkably well, with r2 values up to about 0.8 for annual streamflow, and about 0.9 for three year running averages.
Smoothed particle hydrodynamics: theory and application to non-spherical stars (1977)

A new hydrodynamic code applicable to a space of an arbitrary number of dimensions is discussed and applied to a variety of polytropic stellar models. The principal feature of the method is the use of statistical techniques to recover analytical expressions for the physical variables from a known distribution of fluid elements. The equations of motion take the form of Newtonian equations for particles. Starting with a non-axisymmetric distribution of approximately 80 particles in three dimensions, the method is found to reproduce the structure of uniformly rotating and magnetic polytropes to within a few per cent. The method may be easily extended to deal with more complicated physical models.
A Multiple Deep Trench Isolation Structure with Voltage Divider Biasing (2007)

We present an isolation structure with multiple rings of deep trenches, which has proven to have an excellent latchup suppression capability. The regions between the trenches are contacted, allowing to increase the blocking voltage of the structure by applying an appropriate bias arrangement. A simple model to predict the optimal bias voltages is derived, and compared to TCAD simulations and measurements.