gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast Response Microstructured Optical Fiber Methane Sensor With Multiple Side-Openings (2010)

We have demonstrated a fast response optical fiber methane sensor by use of a hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber with periodic microchannels fabricated by a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser. A diffusion limited response time of ~3 s and a sensitivity of ~647 ppm have been achieved for a 7-cm sensing fiber with seven side-holes separated by 1 cm along the fiber. The side holes introduce very little loss and hence it would be practically possible to construct fiber gas sensors with long sensing length (up to a few tens of meters) to achieve highly sensitive distributed sensing without compromising the response time.
TORNADO : a novel input replay tool (2003)

Abstract This paper presents TORNADO, a unique input replay tool based on system call replay. It is capable of tracing program executions with an acceptable overhead of less than a factor 2. It is fully operational for the Linux operating system. The tool requires no instrumentation, recompilation or relinking of the applications. This paper also presents a new technique capable of tracing write operations performed by the OS kernel to user space. 1
Quantifying the Influence of Rebuffering Interruptions on the User's Quality of Experience During Mobile Video Watching (2012)

Entertainment and multimedia are the key functionalities in emerging mobile markets. The ability to understand and quantify the quality of experience (QoE, i.e., the users' subjective perception of the “overall acceptability of an application or service”), will play a major role in the success of these mobile services. This study explores the thresholds at which the technical quality of a mobile video service becomes unacceptable for users. A subjective experiment drawing on the logging of technical parameters combined with subjective evaluations by a user panel resulted in a model for quantifying the acceptability of video interruptions. The results of this analysis provide insights into the QoE and (un)acceptability regarding video interruptions for different network conditions and video parameters. The conclusions of this paper can be used as a guideline for service design and network dimensioning.
Culture of renal arteriolar smooth muscle cells. Mitogenic responses to angiotensin II. (1992)

We cultured smooth muscle cells from rat renal preglomerular arterioles by injecting a suspension of iron oxide into the left ventricle, separating the arterioles magnetically, and growing cells from explants. In passaged cultures we ascertained vascular smooth muscle purity of > 98% by morphology; contraction to norepinephrine and angiotensin; positive immunofluorescence staining through the sixth passage with monoclonal antibodies to smooth muscle-specific alpha- and gamma-isoactins, myosin, and desmin; and the absence of von Willebrand factor. Angiotensin II (10(-12)-10(-5) M) induced dose-dependent DNA synthesis and proliferation of subcultured (three times) arteriolar smooth muscle cells from a growth-arrested state (p < 0.01). Angiotensin II (10(-5) M) also induced the cells to express c-fos mRNA. We find no previous report of culture of smooth muscle cells from renal preglomerular arterioles. Our findings also provide evidence that angiotensin II is mitogenic to arteriolar muscle cells and thus may be involved in their hyperplasia accompanying hypertension.
Two-octave spanning supercontinuum generation in stoichiometric silicon nitride waveguides pumped at telecom wavelengths (2017)

We demonstrate supercontinuum generation in stoichiometric silicon nitride (Si3N4 in SiO2) integrated optical waveguides, pumped at telecommunication wavelengths. The pump laser is a mode-locked erbium fiber laser at a wavelength of 1.56 µm with a pulse duration of 120 fs. With a waveguide-internal pulse energy of 1.4 nJ and a waveguide with 1.0 µm × 0.9 µm cross section, designed for anomalous dispersion across the 1500 nm telecommunication range, the output spectrum extends from the visible, at around 526 nm, up to the mid-infrared, at least to 2.6 µm, the instrumental limit of our detection. This output spans more than 2.2 octaves (454 THz at the −30 dB level). The measured output spectra agree well with theoretical modeling based on the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The infrared part of the supercontinuum spectra shifts progressively towards the mid-infrared, well beyond 2.6 µm, by increasing the width of the waveguides.
A fast two-step coarse-fine calibration (CFC) technique for precision comparator design (2013)

A two-step offset correction technique for high precision comparator design is proposed. The two step coarse-fine calibration (CFC) technique provides precise offset correction much faster than a single step calibration and the circuit implementation is less complicated. The proposed two step calibration technique was employed on a two-stage dynamic latched comparator using 0.35μm CMOS process. The post layout simulations shows that the proposed technique improves the correction precision 15 times compared to a single stage offset correction while requiring less die area, correction cycles, and calibration time.
Translation of 2′-modified mRNA<i>in vitro</i>and<i>in vivo</i> (1994)

2'-Fluoro- and 2'-amino-2'-deoxynucleoside triphosphates have been used for in vitro transcription of 2'-modified luciferase mRNA. The 2'-modified deoxynucleoside-containing transcripts were tested for the expression of luciferase in X.Laevis oocytes as well as in rabbit reticulocyte lysate. Only 2'-fluoro-2'-deoxy-adenosine-modified mRNA gave rise to luciferase as shown by SDS gel as well as by enzyme activity measurements in vivo as well as in vitro. 2'-Fluoro-2'-deoxy-pyrimidine nucleoside-modified mRNA did not give rise to luciferase activity. However, they directed incorporation of 35S-labeled methionine into peptide fragments in rabbit reticulocyte lysate indicating premature termination of translation. No or only extremely little of such incorporation could be detected with 2'-amino modified transcripts.
Psychopathology in fragile X syndrome. (1989)

The fragile X syndrome is the most common known familial form of mental retardation. Young males commonly demonstrate hyperactivity and a short attention span, as well as physical abnormalities, some of which may lead to a diagnosis of Pervasive Developmental Disorder. Heterozygous females frequently demonstrate both a range of involvement with learning disabilities in math, and social anxiety. The more classical physical and behavioral features of this syndrome are reviewed.
Differentiation of human hair follicle stem cells into endothelial cells induced by vascular endothelial and basic fibroblast growth factors (2013)

Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) possess powerful expansion and multi‑differentiation potential, properties that place them at the forefront of the field of tissue engineering and stem cell‑based therapy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the differentiation of human HFSCs (hHFSCs) into cells of an endothelial lineage. hHFSCs were expanded to the second passage in vitro and then induced by the addition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to the culture medium. The expression levels of endothelial cell (EC)‑related markers, including von Willebrand factor (vWF), vascular endothelial cadherin (VE)‑cadherin and cluster of differentiation (CD)31, were detected by immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometric analysis and reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction. The hHFSCs expressed vWF, VE‑cadherin and CD31 when exposed to a differentiation medium, similar to the markers expressed by the human umbilical vein ECs. More significantly, differentiated cells were also able to take up low‑density lipoprotein. The data of the present study demonstrated that an efficient strategy may be developed for differentiating hHFSCs into ECs by stimulation with VEGF and bFGF. Thus, hHFSCs represent a novel cell source for vascular tissue engineering and studies regarding the treatment of various forms of ischaemic vascular disease.
Psychometric properties of the revised Developmental Behaviour Checklist scales in Dutch children with intellectual disability (2002)

The present study assessed the reliability and validity of the revised scales of the Developmental Behaviour Checklist (DBC) in a Dutch sample of children with intellectual disability (ID). The psychometric properties of the parent and teacher versions of the DBC were assessed in various subsamples derived from a sample of 1057 Dutch children (age range=6-18 years) with ID or borderline intellectual functioning. Good test-retest reliability was shown both for the parent and teacher versions. Moderate inter-parent agreement and high one-year stability was found for the scale scores. Construct validity was satisfactory, although limited by high informant variance. The DBC scales showed good criterion-related validity, as indicated by significant mean differences between referred and non-referred children, and between children with and without a corresponding DSM-IV diagnosis. The reliability and validity of the revised DBC scales are satisfactory, and the checklist is recommended for clinical and research purposes.
Total Synthesis of (±)-Mersicarpine (2008)

The first total synthesis of the indole alkaloid mersicarpine is reported. Key steps include a beta-dicarbonyl radical cyclization, as well as an oxidation of the benzopyrrole moiety to establish the masked 1,2-dicarbonyl functionality. An X-ray crystal structure and discussion of the 1H NMR behavior of the natural product are also presented.
Magnetization reversal behavior and magnetic viscosity of nanocomposite Nd3.6Pr5.4Fe83Co3B5 prepared by melt spinning (1999)

Nanocomposite Nd3.6Pr5.4Fe83Co3B5 ribbons were prepared by direct melt spinning at wheel speed of 20 m/s. Although Nd2Fe14B-type phase and alpha-Fe were found in the ribbons, a single hard magnetic behavior with high coercivity can only be found in the hysteresis loop. The recoil curves show a comparatively high degree of reversibility in the fields below coercivity. From the investigations of reversible and irreversible portions in DC demagnetization remanence curve, the irreversible nucleation field of about 440 kA/m has been obtained in melt-spun Nd3.6Pr5.4Fe83Co3B5 ribbons. The measurements of magnetic viscosity show that the time-dependent magnetization changes are associated with reversal of the hard phase. The thermal fluctuation field of about 2.0 kA/m was obtained.
Carrier transport mechanisms of Pnp AlGaN∕GaN heterojunction bipolar transistors (2008)

We fabricated Pnp AlGaN∕GaN heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) with various base widths WB and investigated their common-emitter current-voltage characteristics at room temperature to clarify their carrier transport mechanisms. The current gain β increased as WB decreased. The maximum current gain βmax was 40 in a HBT with a WB of 30nm. HBTs with different base widths exhibited almost the same tendency for β to increase with increasing the collector current IC, indicating that the carrier transport mechanism is the same in all the n-GaN base layers. With a low IC, recombination in the emitter-base depletion region is the dominant carrier transport mechanism. β was less affected when IC was high, and the carrier transport was dominated by the minority hole diffusion in the neutral base layer. The minority hole diffusion length obtained from the HBT characteristics agrees well with previous results obtained with electron beam induced current measurements, also indicating that βmax was determined by the minority hole diffusion length in the n-GaN base layer.
Developing client-side mashups (2010)

Software mashups that combine content from multiple web sites to an integrated experience are a popular trend. However, methods and tools for creating mashups are still rather undeveloped, and there is little engineering support behind them. In this paper we provide insight into mashup development based on our practical experiences in implementing various sample mashup applications and tools for creating them. Unlike most commonly used mashup development tools, which are rather server-centric, we focus primarily on client-side mashup development. We have grouped our experiences into guidelines that can serve as a helpful starting point for the design of new mashups. The long-term goal of our work is to facilitate the development of robust, secure and compelling mashup applications, and more generally ease the transition towards web-based software development.
Retrovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer in Human Primary T Lymphocytes Induces an Activation- and Transduction/Selection-Dependent TCR-B Variable Chain Repertoire Skewing of Gene-Modified Cells (2004)

In a clinical trial that we recently reported, a suicide gene transfer in human primary T cells required 12 days of ex vivo culture, including activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with CD3 monoclonal antibody (CD3 mAb), retrovirus-mediated transduction, and selection of gene-modified cells (GMC) by G418. The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of the initial T cell activation and of the transduction/selection on T cell receptor beta variable chain (TCRBV) repertoire of GMC by using the spectratyping method. The TCRBV repertoires of nontransduced, nonselected control (Co) cells and of GMC generated after an initial stimulation with CD3 mAb, CD3/CD28 beads, or allogeneic PBMC or Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B (B-EBV) cells were compared to the ones of their corresponding PBMC. The TCRBV repertoires were skewed in Co cells generated after CD3 mAb or after allogeneic stimulation, and even more so in their corresponding GMC, demonstrating that both culture-dependent and transduction/selection-dependent events led to TCRBV repertoire alterations. However, TCRBV repertoires were not altered, or to a lesser extent, in Co cells or GMC produced after CD3/CD28 bead activation, demonstrating a protective effect on both culture-dependent and transduction/selection-dependent repertoire alterations. Thus, we suggest to replace the initial CD3 mAb stimulation by CD3/CD28 beads for the production of clinical-grade GMC in the setting of future gene therapy trials.
Iodinated contrast agents as “radiosensitisers” (1987)

The sole purpose of radio-contrast agents is to increase the absorption of X rays in blood vessels and soft tissues. Current diagnostic agents take advantage of the properties of iodine with its acceptably low clinical toxicity and moderately high atomic number (53), the latter yielding a relatively large absorption coefficient for photons in the diagnostic X-ray energy range, owing to the photoelectric effect. One consequence of this, not often appreciated, is that cells in the vicinity of an iodine-rich solution will receive a higher radiation dose than would be the case if iodine were not present. This is partly responsible for the reported cytogenetic changes in lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo (Adams et al, 1977; Norman et al, 1978; Cochran et al, 1980; Cochran & Norman, 1982; Hadaghy et al, 1982). Though these data clearly signal an undesirable, if unavoidable, phenomenon in diagnostic radiology, such a cytotoxic effect may be capable of exploitation in radiotherapy. To examine this latter possibility, cells in vitro were treated with various concentrations of the contrast agent meglumine ioglycamide (Biligram, Schering AG) and subjected to orthovoltage X rays. Marked radiation enhancement was obtained at an iodine concentration of 50mg ml−1, a concentration that is well within the range achievable in the bloodstream. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were grown in monolayer culture in Hepes-buffered minimum essential medium (MEM) supplemented with 15% fetal calf serum, nonessential amino acids and L-glutamine.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Mixed Azomethine Derivatives of Silicon(IV). (1988)

Abstract When equimolar amounts of silicon tetraacetate (II), N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐o‐hydroxybenzaldimine (Ia), and the corresponding thiol (Ib) are refluxed in benzene, the hexacoordinated silicon compound (III) is formed.
Tending Adam's Garden: evolving the cognitive immune self (2001)

About the Author. From the Pre-Publication Quotes. Prologue. Introduction. On Causality and Evolution. On Cognition. On Immunity. On Autoimmunity. On Tending Adam's Garden. References. Index.
EGFR Signaling Blunts Allergen-Induced IL-6 Production and Th17 Responses in the Skin and Attenuates Development and Relapse of Atopic Dermatitis (2013)

Despite the important role for epidermal growth factor (EGF) in epithelial homeostasis and wound healing, it has not been investigated in atopic dermatitis (AD). We used AD animal models to explore the role of EGF in AD. In an acute AD model, skin transepidermal water loss was significantly attenuated in EGF-treated mice. Blockade of EGFR signaling genetically or pharmacologically confirms a protective role for EGFR signaling in AD. In a chronic/relapsing AD model, EGF treatment of mice with established AD resulted in an attenuation of AD exacerbation (skin epithelial thickness, cutaneous inflammation, and total and allergen specific IgE) following cutaneous allergen rechallenge. EGF treatment did not alter expression of skin barrier junction proteins or antimicrobial peptides in the AD model. However, EGF treatment attenuated allergen-induced expression of IL-17A, CXCL1, and CXCL2 and neutrophil accumulation in AD skin following cutaneous allergen exposure. IL-17A production was decreased in the in vitro restimulated skin-draining lymph node cells from the EGF-treated mice. Similarly, IL-17A was increased in waved-2 mice skin following allergen exposure. Whereas IL-6 and IL-1β expression was attenuated in the skin of EGF-treated mice, EGF treatment also suppressed allergen-induced IL-6 production by keratinocytes. Given the central role of IL-6 in priming Th17 differentiation in the skin, this effect of EGF on keratinocytes may contribute to the protective roles for EGFR in AD pathogenesis. In conclusion, our study provides evidence for a previously unrecognized protective role for EGF in AD and a new role for EGF in modulating IL-17 responses in the skin.
Transfer of transposon Tn916 from Bacillus subtilis to Thermus aquaticus (1990)

Broad host range conjugating transposon Tn916 has been introduced into the extreme thermophile Thermus by transposon transformation and transposition into the Bacillus subtilis chromosome followed by broth mating with Thermus aquaticus ATC27634. Tetracycline resistant Thermus transconjugants were obtained at a frequency of 1.4×10−7 per donor and 1.2×10−7 per recipient. Transposon transfer from Thermus to Bacillus subtilis was also demonstrated in similar broth matings. Transfer characteristics were consistent with the conjugation mechanism described for Tn916 in mesophiles.
Dead Spot in the PEM Fuel Cell Anode (2013)

A model for PEM fuel cell with the circular "dead" spot in the anode catalyst layer is developed. The electrochemical activity in the spot is assumed to be much lower, than in the regular domain outside the spot. The model is based on Laplace equation for the membrane potential with the Butler–Volmer relations for the oxygen reduction (ORR) and hydrogen oxidation (HOR) current densities. The model predicts formation of a current double layer at the spot boundary. A peak of the HOR proton current forms in a small ring just outside the spot; this current flows along the radial direction into the spot, where it is balanced by the ORR current. The peak current density in the ring is several times higher, than the mean current density in the regular domain. The mean ORR current density in front of the anode spot is much less than the mean current density in the cell. The distribution of ORR current in front of the spot should be taken into account in the transmission X–ray absorption spectroscopy of PEMFC cathodes.
Enhancement of Human Peripheral Blood Monocyte Respiratory Burst Activity by Aggregated C-Reactive Protein (1986)

We had previously demonstrated that C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute phase reactant, when aggregated or coupled to a ligand, interacts with monocytes and certain human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The purpose of the present study, after further characterizing the binding interaction of CRP with human monocytes, was to focus on the biological response of monocytes to CRP binding. Flow cytometric analysis of human mononuclear leukocytes, following incubation with fluoresceinated heat-aggregated CRP (Agg-CRP), revealed that while greater than 70% of monocytes bound Agg-CRP, only 8% of lymphocytes demonstrated positive fluorescence. Furthermore, mean channel fluorescence values indicated that monocytes bound greater amounts of Agg-CRP per cell than did lymphocytes. Luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) was used as a measure of monocyte respiratory burst activity. Monocytes were stimulated only minimally by Agg-CRP alone; however, Agg-CRP substantially enhanced the CL response to heat-aggregated IgG. This Agg-CRP enhancing effect was selective for IgG-initiated monocyte activation, as no augmentation in CL was observed following cell stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate or serum-opsonized zymosan. These results demonstrate that aggregated CRP binds to the major proportion of human monocytes and selectively augments Fc receptor-mediated stimulation of monocyte oxidative metabolism.
Development and Characterization of New AZ41 and AZ51 Magnesium Alloys (2011)

Wiley Online library
A General Method for the Preparation of Chiral TREN Derivatives (2005)

Abstract A general procedure for the preparation of C 3 ‐symmetric TREN derivatives with backbone chirality has been developed. Stereo‐ and regioselective ring opening by ammonia of ( S )‐ N ‐tosyl‐2‐isopropylaziridine, obtained starting from either the corresponding amino alcohol or amino acid, followed by deprotection of the amino groups afforded the parent chiral TREN compound in high overall yield. In addition to TREN compounds with primary amino groups, the synthetic method employed provides easy access to a variety of N , N' , N'' ‐substituted derivatives. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Lean management, group support systems, and hypermedia: a combination whose time has come (2002)

The TeamGlobal team support system (TSS) is implemented in a multimedia product, HyperNet, for users with workstations linked world-wide over INTERNET. The use of object-oriented technology coupled with the HyperNet communications environment enables these TSSs to span varied platforms without apparent restraint upon the users. The interactive richness of the resulting class of TSS opens many opportunities for extending applied research and selected actual applications in useful ways. The present study demonstrates that information technology can now support an organization which chooses to move into the practices of lean management, and that this support is practical for selected organizations regardless of how distributed their human resources may be and what assortment of computing platforms may be involved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Genomic organization of the mouse T-cell receptor beta-chain gene family. (1987)

We have combined three different methods, deletion mapping of T-cell lines, field-inversion gel electrophoresis, and the restriction mapping of a cosmid clone, to construct a physical map of the murine T-cell receptor beta-chain gene family. We have mapped 19 variable (V beta) gene segments and the two clusters of diversity (D beta) and joining (J beta) gene segments and constant (C beta) genes. These members of the beta-chain gene family span approximately equal to 450 kilobases of DNA, excluding one potential gap in the DNA fragment alignments.