gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A High-Speed Vision-Based Sensor for Dynamic Vibration Analysis Using Fast Motion Extraction Algorithms (2016)

The development of image sensor and optics enables the application of vision-based techniques to the non-contact dynamic vibration analysis of large-scale structures. As an emerging technology, a vision-based approach allows for remote measuring and does not bring any additional mass to the measuring object compared with traditional contact measurements. In this study, a high-speed vision-based sensor system is developed to extract structure vibration signals in real time. A fast motion extraction algorithm is required for this system because the maximum sampling frequency of the charge-coupled device (CCD) sensor can reach up to 1000 Hz. Two efficient subpixel level motion extraction algorithms, namely the modified Taylor approximation refinement algorithm and the localization refinement algorithm, are integrated into the proposed vision sensor. Quantitative analysis shows that both of the two modified algorithms are at least five times faster than conventional upsampled cross-correlation approaches and achieve satisfactory error performance. The practicability of the developed sensor is evaluated by an experiment in a laboratory environment and a field test. Experimental results indicate that the developed high-speed vision-based sensor system can extract accurate dynamic structure vibration signals by tracking either artificial targets or natural features.
New advances and applications of combining simulation and optimization (1996)

The design of efficient parallel discrete-event simulation (PDES) models often appears to be a mysterious art practiced primarily by academic researchers who have been rigorously ordained in this task. This tutorial attempts to unravel some of the mysteries. It describes the process of generating an efficient parallel implementation of a discrete-event simulation (DES) model. Common pitfalls in the parallel execution of the models are described together with suggestions on their avoidance.
Diffusion in porous crystalline materials (2012)

The design and development of many separation and catalytic process technologies require a proper quantitative description of diffusion of mixtures of guest molecules within porous crystalline materials. This tutorial review presents a unified, phenomenological description of diffusion inside meso- and micro-porous structures. In meso-porous materials, with pore sizes 2 nm < d(p) < 50 nm, there is a central core region where the influence of interactions of the molecules with the pore wall is either small or negligible; meso-pore diffusion is governed by a combination of molecule-molecule and molecule-pore wall interactions. Within micro-pores, with d(p) < 2 nm, the guest molecules are always under the influence of the force field exerted with the wall and we have to reckon with the motion of adsorbed molecules, and there is no "bulk" fluid region. The characteristics and physical significance of the self-, Maxwell-Stefan, and Fick diffusivities are explained with the aid of data obtained either from experiments or molecular dynamics simulations, for a wide variety of structures with different pore sizes and topology. The influence of adsorption thermodynamics, molecular clustering, and segregation on both magnitudes and concentration dependences of the diffusivities is highlighted. In mixture diffusion, correlations in molecular hops have the effect of slowing-down the more mobile species. The need for proper modeling of correlation effects using the Maxwell-Stefan formulation is stressed with the aid of examples of membrane separations and catalytic reactors.
Serological and immunochemical analysis of the specificity of xenoantiserum 8986 elicited with hybrids between human melanoma cells and murine fibroblasts. (1981)

Antisera were elicited in rabbits with hybrids derived from the fusion of human melanoma cells with murine fibroblasts. Following absorption with cultured human lymphoid cells, Xenoantiserum 8986 reacts with cultured human melanoma cells and other tumors of nonlymphoid origin. Rosette inhibition assays showed that the xenoantiserum reacts with structures which carry the determinants recognized by the monoclonal antibodies 165.28T and 653.25N and which are recognized by a xenoantiserum elicited with cultured human melanoma cells. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the immune complexes formed by reacting spent medium of cultured melanoma cells with Xenoantiserum 8986 showed that the antiserum contains antibodies reacting with a M.W. 240,000 melanoma-associated antigen and a M.W. 94,000 melanoma-associated antigen.
Partial separation of fullerenes by gradient sublimation (1993)

An experimental technique is investigated to separate/enrich fullerenes or metallofullerenes, exploiting differences in sublimation temperatures without the use of solvents. Fullerenes are sublimed out of the soot and deposited on a quartz rod along a temperature gradient (gradient sublimation). In a position-sensitive experiment the composition of the deposit on the rod is monitored by laser-desorption mass spectrometry. Strongly enriched regions containing specific fullerene molecules (i.e., C84 or La@ C82) are observed. Furthermore, C74, which could not be extracted from the soot by organic solvents, sublimes out of the soot.
Research on Product Image Retrieval with Local Features (2010)

A study is made on the effects of different local features on product image retrieval. First, Corners are detected using Harris-Laplace corner detector and get regions at corners' scale. Then, extracting local features at each region, such as SIFT. Finally, matching feature points and retrieval image using match result. Meanwhile, A Comparison is made on the invariants of different local features on various affine transformation, and the effects on product image retrieval. The experiment and analysis are some reference values to the local feature selection on product image retrieval.
SU‐E‐J‐45: Verification of Beam‐Line Geometry of Truebeam Using MV‐EPID (2013)

Purpose: Geometrical accuracy of beam‐line components of a linear‐accelerator (LINAC) is indispensible for quality of patient treatments. Positional reproducibility of the flattening filters (FF) may directly affect the beam flatness and symmetry while uncertainties in the imager position may directly impact target localization. In this study we have investigated the positional uncertainties of both of these components. Methods: Images of both flattened and flatness‐filter‐free (FFF) beams of 6 and10 MV were acquired using the megavoltage electronic portal imaging Device (MV‐EPID) over a period of time to investigate the positional uncertainties in the beam‐line geometry. Due to forward peaked nature of the MV beams FFF beams show a cone‐shaped dose distributions that was used determine the center of the X‐ray beams and used as reference points. Central portion of the flattened beams show the image of the FF. These circular objects were used to determine the center of the flatness‐filter with respect to the reference point. Imager reproducibility was also tested against the reference point which is the center of the source. Positional reproducibility of the FF and the imager were tracked over a period of two months. Results: Centers of both 6X and 10X FFs were systematically shifted by 2.2mm in X‐and ‐ 0.7 in Y‐directions. However, the shifts were magnified due to the fact that the FF being close to the MV‐source while the imager is far away (at 108cm) from the source. When corrected for this magnification, the real uncertainty in the FF position is approximately 0.2mm and ‐ 0.06 mm in X‐and Y‐directions. The imager positional reproducibility was found to be within ±1 pixel (<0.5mm). Conclusion: In this study we have shown a new method to detect positional uncertainty of the flatness‐filter and MV‐EPID. This methodology may be useful for QA of the LINACs. This project is supported by Varian Medical Systems
Resolution improvement for compound eye images through lens diversity (2005)

Reconstruction of high resolution images from multiple low resolution images at various displacements is a well studied, ill posed problem. Designs using lenses with different imaging characteristics improve the theoretical results and also reduce the image reconstruction problem to a set of loosely coupled smaller reconstructions. The paper derives the performance limits for reconstruction from multiple lower resolution images as a function of measurement bit precision and measurement noise.
Offloading routing complexity to the Cloud(s) (2013)

We propose a new architectural approach, Cloud-Assisted Routing (CAR), that leverages high computation and memory power of cloud services for easing complex routing functions such as forwarding and flow level policy management. We aim to mitigate the increasing routing complexity to the cloud and to seek an answer to the following question: “Can techniques leveraging the memory and computation resources of the cloud remedy the routing scalability issues?” The key contribution of our work is to outline a framework on how to integrate cloud computing with routers and define operational regions where such integration is beneficial.
Ethylene-Binding Sites Generated in Yeast Expressing the <i>Arabidopsis ETR1</i> Gene (1995)

Mutations in the ETR1 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana confer insensitivity to ethylene, which indicates a role for the gene product in ethylene signal transduction. Saturable binding sites for [14C]ethylene were detected in transgenic yeast expressing the ETR1 protein, whereas control yeast lacking ETR1 showed no detectable ethylene binding. Yeast expressing a mutant form of ETR1 (etr1-1) also showed no detectable ethylene binding, which provides an explanation for the ethylene-insensitive phenotype observed in plants carrying this mutation. Expression of truncated forms of ETR1 in yeast provided evidence that the amino-terminal hydrophobic domain of the protein is the site of ethylene binding. It was concluded from these results that ETR1 acts as an ethylene receptor in Arabidopsis.
Inhibitory actions of loperamide on absorptive processes in rat small intestine. (1986)

Mucosal loperamide caused a dose dependent reduction in the absorption of actively transported hexoses and amino acids, together with the associated rise in short circuit current. Na+ and fluid movement were also inhibited. Serosal application of the drug was without effect on these processes. The passive movement of fructose across the gut was not affected by loperamide which is therefore unlikely to act by reducing tissue permeability. In low Na+ conditions the inhibitory actions of loperamide on glycine absorption were reduced. Loperamide reduced basal Na+ transport although it did not affect the stimulation of Na+ absorption caused by mannose. Loperamide had no effect on the total ATPase activity nor on the Na+, K+-ATPase activity of mucosal homogenates. The effects of loperamide were not mimicked by morphine nor were they antagonised by naloxone and hence do not seem to involve an opiate receptor. It is concluded that loperamide exerts its inhibitory effects by an interaction with the Na+ sites of the nutrient carriers.
Computational approaches to motor learning by imitation (2003)

Movement imitation requires a complex set of mechanisms that map an observed movement of a teacher onto one's own movement apparatus. Relevant problems include movement recognition, pose estimation, pose tracking, body correspondence, coordinate transformation from external to egocentric space, matching of observed against previously learned movement, resolution of redundant degrees-of-freedom that are unconstrained by the observation, suitable movement representations for imitation, modularization of motor control, etc. All of these topics by themselves are active research problems in computational and neurobiological sciences, such that their combination into a complete imitation system remains a daunting undertaking-indeed, one could argue that we need to understand the complete perception-action loop. As a strategy to untangle the complexity of imitation, this paper will examine imitation purely from a computational point of view, i.e. we will review statistical and mathematical approaches that have been suggested for tackling parts of the imitation problem, and discuss their merits, disadvantages and underlying principles. Given the focus on action recognition of other contributions in this special issue, this paper will primarily emphasize the motor side of imitation, assuming that a perceptual system has already identified important features of a demonstrated movement and created their corresponding spatial information. Based on the formalization of motor control in terms of control policies and their associated performance criteria, useful taxonomies of imitation learning can be generated that clarify different approaches and future research directions.
Controlled delivery of BID protein fused with TAT peptide sensitizes cancer cells to apoptosis (2014)

TAT-BID may be delivered to cancer cells in controlled manner and efficiently sensitizes PC3 and A549 cells to TRAIL. Therefore, it may be considered as a potential therapeutic agent that enhances the efficacy of TRAIL for the treatment of prostate and non-small human lung cancer.
Galactosylated solid lipid nanoparticles with cucurbitacin B improves the liver targetability (2010)

This study intended to prepare liver-targeting solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) with a hepatoprotective drug, cucurbitacin B (Cuc B), using a galactosylated lipid, N-hexadecyl lactobionamide (N-HLBA). The galactosyl-lipid N-HLBA was prepared via the lactone form intermediates of lactobionic acid and synthesized by anchoring galactose to hexadecylamine lipid. The Cuc B-loaded galactosylated and conventional SLNs were successfully prepared by a high-pressure homogenization method. The two SLNs showed similar physical and pharmaceutical properties, including: the particle size measured by laser diffraction was 135 nm for galactosylated SLN (GalSLN) and 123 nm for conventional SLNs (CSLN); zeta potentials were -31.6 mV (GalSLN) and -34.3 mV(CSLN); in vitro release behavior of the two SLNs was similar, and both showed the biphasic drug release pattern with burst release at the initial stage and prolonged release afterwards. In contrast, the two SLNs demonstrated a marked difference in in vitro cellular cytotoxicity and in vivo tissue distribution performances. The IC(50) values of Cuc B in the two SLNs were by far lower than those of Cuc B solution and further Cuc B-GalSLN had about half the IC(50) value of Cuc B-CSLN. These results indicated that the encapsulation of Cuc B in SLNs resulted in the enhancement of cytotoxic activity, and galactosyl ligand could further enhance the cellular accumulation and cytotoxicity of Cuc B. The weighted-average overall drug targeting efficiency (Te) was used to evaluate the liver targetability. Cuc B-GalSLN gave a relatively high (Te)(liver) value of 63.6%, approximately 2.5-times greater than that of Cuc B-CSLN (25.3%) and Cuc B solution (23.8%). In summary, the incorporation of N-HLBA into SLNs significantly enhanced the liver targetability of Cuc B-loaded SLNs and GalSLN had a great potential as a drug delivery carrier for improved liver targetability.
Ghost artifact reduction in EPI (Echo Planar Imaging) with Sensitivity Encoding (SENSE) (2005)

Nyquist ghosting artifacts degrade the quality of Echo Planar Imaging (EPI) due to the alternating offset of the k-space lines. Acquisition of separate reference image [1], modification of EPI sequences [2] or algorithmic correction schemes [3] have been applied to correct the artifacts. These artifacts do not appear in the most imaging sequence except the EPI because each line of k-space is traversed in the same direction and all k-space lines have nearly the same offset [3]. In order to reconstruct the images with a same traverse direction in k-space, we were motivated to use only even echoes or odd echoes of k-space in
Anti‐cancer potential of selenium‐ and tellurium‐containing species: opportunities abound! (2012)

An overview highlighting the anti‐cancer potential of (bio‐essential) selenium‐ and tellurium‐containing species, with an emphasis on biological targets and mechanisms of action, is presented. Studies thus far have focused on selenium(II) compounds (along with – to a lesser extent – inorganic selenium and selenium nanoparticles) which often successfully exploit the inherent anti‐oxidizing ability of selenium. Significantly less work has been conducted in developing anti‐cancer tellurium compounds, yet two tellurium(IV) species are proven, clinically, as anti‐cancer agents. Given the prevalence of the disease and the accumulated insights into mechanisms of action, the continued development of selenium‐ and tellurium‐containing molecules is an area deserving greater attention. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy for severe inflammatory arthritis: two years of experience in Northern Ireland. (2002)

Etanercept and infliximab are novel biological agents targeted against tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), a key cytokine in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We report the results of their use over a two year period in 94 patients with severe inflammatory arthritis. Eighty-eight adults with active inflammatory arthritis (82 with RA), unresponsive to all conventional treatment, received biological therapy in one of five specialist centres in Northern Ireland. 69 adult patients (78%) had a good response to treatment, four a partial response, and seven no response. The results of treatment could not be assessed in eight patients because they had only recently commenced therapy. Four patients had a mild allergic reaction to treatment but one patient developed fulminant lung fibrosis which may have been due to drug therapy and eventually proved fatal. There were four cases of major infection requiring hospitalisation. Two patients responded to treatment, but one succumbed to bacterial pneumonia, and another to bacterial meningitis. Six children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) received etanercept. Four achieved a good response, one a partial response, and one no response to treatment. This study shows that the impressive response to anti-TNF therapies extends beyond the realm of clinical trials to everyday clinical practice. These agents represent a major advance in the treatment of severe inflammatory arthritis but they should be used with caution, particularly in the elderly and in patients who are predisposed to infection.
Analyses for sensorless linear compressor using linear pulse motor (2003)

A reciprocating compressor with a rotary motor which is used in a refrigerator has low efficiency, since it has large mechanical losses due to the crank mechanism. In a free piston linear compressor with linear motors, the mechanical losses of the crank mechanism can be decreased and system efficiency improved. However, the compressor will fail and the system efficiency will be reduced if the piston position is not controlled successfully. A linear pulse motor (LPM) generally has precise positioning ability in open-loop control without a position sensor. Therefore, the authors expect that a sensorless linear compressor system with an LPM can be realized. In this paper, they examine the piston positioning accuracy and the efficiency of a sensorless linear compressor system with an LPM for various compressor sizes and operating conditions by using analytical and experimental approaches. As a result, the efficiency of the linear compressor system is higher than that of a conventional reciprocating compressor using an induction motor. The system efficiency is significantly improved in the linear compressor with LPM.
Mobilan: a recombinant adenovirus carrying Toll-like receptor 5 self-activating cassette for cancer immunotherapy (2017)

Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) is considered an attractive target for anticancer immunotherapy. TLR5 agonists, bacterial flagellin and engineered flagellin derivatives, have been shown to have potent antitumor and metastasis-suppressive effects in multiple animal models and to be safe in both animals and humans. Anticancer efficacy of TLR5 agonists stems from TLR5-dependent activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) that mediates innate and adaptive antitumor immune responses. To extend application of TLR5-targeted anticancer immunotherapy to tumors that do not naturally express TLR5, we created an adenovirus-based vector for intratumor delivery, named Mobilan that drives expression of self-activating TLR5 signaling cassette comprising of human TLR5 and a secreted derivative of Salmonella flagellin structurally analogous to a clinical stage TLR5 agonist, entolimod. Co-expression of TLR5 receptor and agonist in Mobilan-infected cells established an autocrine/paracrine TLR5 signaling loop resulting in constitutive activation of NF-κB both in vitro and in vivo. Injection of Mobilan into primary tumors of the prostate cancer-prone transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice resulted in a strong induction of multiple genes involved in inflammatory responses and mobilization of innate immune cells into the tumors including neutrophils and NK cells and suppressed tumor progression. Intratumoral injection of Mobilan into subcutaneously growing syngeneic prostate tumors in immunocompetent hosts improved animal survival after surgical resection of the tumors, by suppression of tumor metastasis. In addition, vaccination of mice with irradiated Mobilan-transduced prostate tumor cells protected mice against subsequent tumor challenge. These results provide proof-of-concept for Mobilan as a tool for antitumor vaccination that directs TLR5-mediated immune response toward cancer cells and does not require identification of tumor antigens.
Synthesis, Properties and Applications of Biodegradable Polymers Derived from Diols and Dicarboxylic Acids: From Polyesters to Poly(ester amide)s (2014)

Poly(alkylene dicarboxylate)s constitute a family of biodegradable polymers with increasing interest for both commodity and speciality applications. Most of these polymers can be prepared from biobased diols and dicarboxylic acids such as 1,4-butanediol, succinic acid and carbohydrates. This review provides a current status report concerning synthesis, biodegradation and applications of a series of polymers that cover a wide range of properties, namely, materials from elastomeric to rigid characteristics that are suitable for applications such as hydrogels, soft tissue engineering, drug delivery systems and liquid crystals. Finally, the incorporation of aromatic units and α-amino acids is considered since stiffness of molecular chains and intermolecular interactions can be drastically changed. In fact, poly(ester amide)s derived from naturally occurring amino acids offer great possibilities as biodegradable materials for biomedical applications which are also extensively discussed.