gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flamingo: Visualizing Internet Traffic (2006)

In this paper we describe a set of visualization techniques that can help the task of operating and managing a network by representing network traffic information in a concise and intuitive manner. We have implemented these visualization techniques in Flamingo, a software tool that can be used to explore Internet traffic flow data. Flamingo is able to process live Netflow data in real-time and present a set of interactive visualizations and associated manipulation tools that can help users in network data analysis. Flamingo is comprised of a server and a client component. The Flamingo server is responsible for receiving raw Netflow feeds from devices in the network that can sample traffic, and then sending processed information to the client for display. The Flamingo client receives data from the server and provides concise intuitive data visualizations, 3D space navigation, as well as filtering capabilities that can help the operator to extract or monitor specific information of interest. Flamingo also supports a playback mode which allows users to select specific historical Netflow data for visualization. We illustrate with the help of simple examples, based on traffic data from a busy Internet backbone router, how Flamingo can be used to perform network monitoring tasks as well as network security related data forensics.
Phase-change materials for reconfigurable RF applications (2016)

In this talk, we report on GeTe RF switches on silicon substrate with state-of-the-art switch figure-of-merit of ~14 femtosecond or 11 THz, ~20x greater than all of current FET switches. This was accomplished using an embedded refractory micro-heater with reduced parasitics. The spectral responses of the GeTe-based RF switches were tested for the first time under W-CDMA signals. With a 15 dBm interferer, we did not see spectral regrowth of the switches. Under single tone, the harmonic powers were at 90 dBc at 35 dBm with GeTe width of 150 μm. While at a very early development stage, we report that GeTe PCM RF switches are a promising technology upon improved reliability for future wireless RF front-ends.
Apoptosis by dietary agents for prevention and treatment of prostate cancer (2009)

Accumulating data clearly indicate that induction of apoptosis is an important event for chemoprevention of cancer by naturally occurring dietary agents. In mammalian cells, apoptosis has been divided into two major pathways: the extrinsic pathway, activated by pro-apoptotic receptor signals at the cellular surface; and the intrinsic pathway, which involves the disruption of mitochondrial membrane integrity. This process is strictly controlled in response to integrity of pro-death signaling and plays critical roles in development, maintenance of homeostasis, and host defense in multicellular organisms. For chemoprevention studies, prostate cancer (PCa) represents an ideal disease due to its long latency, its high incidence, tumor marker availability, and identifiable preneoplastic lesions and risk groups. In this article, we highlight the studies of various apoptosis-inducing dietary compounds for prevention of PCa in vitro in cell culture, in preclinical studies in animals, and in human clinical trials.
Competitive Inhibition of Enzyme Activity by Urea (1961)

SUMMARY Urea Inhibition of fifetallo-enzymes--From the data here presented, it appears that, in general, urea is relatively ineffective as an inhibitor of those metallo-enzymes whose metal component is involved in the formation of the enzyme-substrate complex. Thus, hexokinase and alkaline phosphatase which show an ab- solute dependence upon the presence of Mg++, and the ferri- porphyrin proteins, peroxidase and cytochrome oxidase, are com- pletely unaffected by urea even at 2 M concentration. Uricase, a copper-protein (45), carboxypeptidase, a zinc protein (46), catalase, a hemoprotein, and inorganic pyrophosphatase which is dependent upon Mg++ in the medium are inhibited only at very high concentrations of urea. Much evidence suggests that the metal of many metal-requiring or metal-containing enzymes serves as a bridge between enzyme and substrate in the formation of the enzyme-substrate complex (47). It is extremely unlikely that urea can prevent chelation or coordination of the enzyme or substrate by a metal. Similarly, it is unlikely that urea could competitively inhibit the action of enzymes on inorganic sub- strates such as pyrophosphate, sulfite or peroxide since, in these instances, electrostatic forces rather than hydrogen-bonding or van der Waals’ forces must be involved in formation of the en- zyme-substrate complex. Xanthine oxidase has been found to be competitively inhibited by low levels of urea. Analysis of urea inhibition of a series of diverse enzymes indicates that urea is, in general, a competitive inhibitor of enzymes which act upon organic substrates. Guani- dine is much more effective than urea as a competitive inhibitor of the same group of enzymes. Relatively higher concentrations of urea are required to effect inhibition of enzymes which act upon inorganic substrates and such inhibitions are either “non- competitive” or “uncompetitive.” In general, enzymes which require metal ions as cofactors or which contain a metal as an integral part of the enzyme molecule were found to be resistant to inhibition by urea.
Metal Organic Frameworks as Promising High Surface Area Material for Work Function Gas Sensors (2011)

Floating gate FET (FGFET) gas sensors based on work function readout allows usage of a wide range of materials to be included as sensing materials. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a new group of porous materials with extreme high inner surface area that have already shown high potential for applications in gas storage and separation, catalysis and sensing. In this work, MOFs are investigated for the first time with work function readout for gas sensing applications. The results demonstrate the high potential of MOFs for use as gas receptor materials in field- effect based gas sensors.
Associations between common polymorphisms in TP53 and p21WAF1/Cip1 and phenotypic features of breast cancer (2002)

The tumour suppressor gene TP53 and its downstream effector p21 are thought to play major roles in the development of breast cancer. We investigated three common sequence variants in TP53 and p21 for possible associations with the risk of breast cancer and with various phenotypic features of this disease. A total of 351 cases were available for study. Germline DNA obtained from female subjects of similar age but without cancer was used to estimate the TP53 and p21 genotype frequencies in a control population. A single nucleotide polymorphism in intron 2 of p21 was associated with slightly increased breast cancer risk (RR = 1.4, P = 0.011) and with well/moderately differentiated tumour histology (P = 0.029). The 16 bp insertion polymorphism in intron 3 of TP53 was associated with poor histological grade (OR = 2.3, P = 0.013) independently of other pathological features. The codon 31 polymorphism in p21 was strongly linked to negative progesterone receptor status (OR = 3.4, P = 0.0001), suggesting this variant may have functional significance for the progesterone signalling pathway in breast cancer. These results add to the growing body of evidence that genetic variants can influence not only the risk of breast cancer but also the disease phenotype.
dIP: A Non-intrusive Debugging IP for Dynamic Data Race Detection in Many-Core (2009)

Traditional debug facilities are limited in providing debugging requirements for multicore parallel programming. Synchronization problems or bugs due to race conditions are particularly difficult to detect with software debugging tools. This work presents a fast and feasible hardware-assistant solution for many-core non-intrusive debugging. The key idea is to keep tracks of data accesses of shared memory areas and their lock synchronization activities by proposed data structures in proposed debugging IP (dIP). A page-based shared variable cache is provided to keep shared variables as long as possible, and an inexpensive pluggable off-chip RAM can eliminate the false-positive rate efficiently. To decrease the debugging traffic block, this work provides a thread library to specify shared memory/lock events and transmit those events to the dIP by a small proper hardware co-processor (eXtend dIP) of each core. Our experimental result shows the debugging traffic block (worse-case) by increasing cores, and adding tolerance buffers in XdIP can efficiently ease off. Moreover, the real workloads (SPLASH-2, MPEG-4, and H.264) are executed by the dIP non-instructive race-detection with only 4.7%~12.2% slow down in average. Finally, the hardware cost of dIP is also low when the growing of many-core.
Down‐regulation of <i>GhADF1</i> gene expression affects cotton fibre properties (2008)

Cotton fibre is the most important natural fibres for textile industry. To date, the mechanism that governs the development of fibre traits is largely unknown. In this study, we have characterized the function of a member of the actin depolymerizing factor (ADF) family in Gossypium hirsutum by down-regulation of the gene (designated as GhADF1) expression in the transgenic cotton plants. We observed that both the fibre length and strength of the GhADF1-underexpressing plants increased as compared to the wild-type fibre, and transgenic fibres contained more abundant F-actin filaments in the cortical region of the cells. Moreover, the secondary cell wall of the transgenic fibre appeared thicker and the cellulose content was higher than that of the control fibre. Our results suggest that organization of actin cytoskeleton regulated by actin-associated proteins such as GhADF1 plays a critical role in the processes of elongation and secondary cell wall formation during fibre development. Additionally, our study provided a candidate intrinsic gene for the improvement of fibre traits via genetic engineering.
Successful Breaker Optimization for Polyacrylamide Friction Reducers Used in Slickwater Fracturing (2007)

Abstract To pump a high-rate fracture stimulation with fresh water or brines, a friction reducer must be employed. Most friction reducers used in slickwater fracture stimulation are high-molecular-weight polyacrylamide emulsions. Since these friction reducers are typically pumped at low concentrations (0.5 to 2 gpt), the industry belief has been that these polymers are causing minimal damage to the formation. There has also been a perception that the polyacrylamide polymer is difficult to degrade. However, fracture stimulations in areas such as the Barnett Shale use very large quantities of water with several stages per well which introduces large volumes of friction reducer into the formation. Because these large treatments are now widely used, several production companies have recently expressed concerns about the possible fracture and formation damage caused by these friction reducers. For this reason, a study was undertaken to find suitable breakers to effectively reduce the size (or molecular weight) of the polyacrylamide polymer chains and, therefore, reduce fracture and formation damage. Several conventional oxidizers were chosen and screened to determine if they could effectively reduce the viscosity of the polyacrylamide polymer. The molecular weight degradation of the polymer was then measured using a molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) filtration technique to determine the size and percentage of polymer fragments. Surprisingly, most of the breakers tested showed some reduction in viscosity and in molecular weight. Additional laboratory testing was then conducted to ensure that the addition of breaker to the friction reducer did not adversely affect polymer hydration or friction-reduction performance. This study reports on the results of the testing and shows which breakers were most effective in reducing the molecular weight of the polyacrylamide polymers used as slickwater friction reducers.
Weld modeling and control using artificial neural networks (1995)

Artificial neural networks were evaluated for the monitoring and control of the variable polarity plasma arc welding process. Three areas of welding application were investigated: weld process modeling; weld process control; and weld bead profile analysis for quality control.
Real time frequency domain fiberoptic temperature sensor (1995)

The excited state phosphorescence lifetime of alexandrite crystals is used to monitor temperature in the physiological range from 15-45/spl deg/C with precision and accuracy of 0.2/spl deg/C. A 500-/spl mu/m cubic alexandrite crystal bounded to the distal end of an optical fiber of similar core dimensions is excited with pulsed Ne-He laser light. This apparatus uses a sampler for data acquisition and frequency domain methods for data fitting. The instrument amplifies the AC components of the detector output and band limits the signal to 12.5 kHz. The fundamental frequency of the excitation is set to 195.13 Hz to obtain 64 harmonics. This band limited signal is sampled and averaged over few hundred cycles in the time domain. The frequency domain representation of the data is obtained by employing fast Fourier transform algorithms. The phase delay and the modulation ratio of each sampled harmonic are then computed. Five to 50 values of the phase and modulations are averaged before computing the sensor lifetime. The instrument is capable of measuring precise and accurate excited state lifetimes from subpicowatt luminescent signals in plastic optical fibers. A least squares fit yields the lifetimes of single exponentials. A component of zero lifetime is introduced to account for the backscatter excitation seen by the photodetector leaking through optical interference filters. The phosphorescence lifetimes measured reproducibly to about three parts in a thousand are used to monitor physiological temperature. Temperatures are computed employing empirical polynomials. The system drift is negligible over 15 h of continuous operation. The instrumentation and methods allow 1.3-s update times and 30-s full response times.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quantified interference and diffraction in single Morpho butterfly scales (1999)

Brilliant iridescent colouring in male butterflies enables long-range conspecific communication and it has long been accepted that microstructures, rather than pigments, are responsible for this coloration. Few studies, however, explicitly relate the intra-scale microstructures to overall butterfly visibility, both in terms of reflected and transmitted intensities and viewing angles. Using a focused-laser technique, we investigated the absolute reflectivity and transmissivity associated with the single-scale microstructures of two species of Morpho butterfly and the mechanisms behind their remarkable wide-angle visibility. Measurements indicate that certain Morpho microstructures reflect up to 75% of the incident blue light over an angle range of greater than 100° in one plane and 15° in the other. We show that incorporation of a second layer of more transparent scales, above a layer of highly iridescent scales, leads to very strong diffraction, and we suggest this effect acts to increase further the angle range over which incident light is reflected. Measurements using index-matching techniques yield the complex refractive index of the cuticle material comprising the single-scale microstructure to be n = (1.56 ±0.01) + (0.06 ±0.01)i. This figure is required for theoretical modelling of such microstructure systems.
Antibiotic Treatment of<i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i>after Acute Coronary Syndrome (2005)

Despite long-term treatment with a bactericidal antibiotic effective against C. pneumoniae, no reduction in the rate of cardiovascular events was observed.
Modern cereal science and technology (1987)

Introduction Cereal Crops_General Physical Properties and Structure Composition Classification and Standards Storage Grain Quality Wheat Processing, Milling Wheat Flour Components in Bread Making Dough and Bread Structure The Art and Science of Bread Making Bread Around the World Sensory Attributes and Bread Staling Bread in Health and Disease CTD Soft Wheat Products Rice Corn Barley Oats, Sorghums and Millets, and Rye Extrusion Products Industrial Uses of Cereals.
Cystic fibrosis lung disease following infection with <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> in <i>Cftr</i> knockout mice using novel non-invasive direct pulmonary infection technique (2005)

To better understand the mechanism of lung infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), many techniques have been developed in order to establish lung infection in rodents. A model of chronic lung infection, using tracheotomy to inoculate the bacteria, has been extensively used in the cystic fibrosis (CF) mouse model of lung infection. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane channel (Cftr) knockout (KO) mice are smaller than normal mice and are more sensitive to housing and nutritional conditions, leading to small amounts of animals being available for experiments. Because of these characteristics, and because of the invasiveness of the infection procedure which we, and others, have been using to mimic the lung infection, we sought to find an alternative way to study the inflammatory response during lung P. aeruginosa infection. The technique we describe here consists of the injection of bacterial beads directly into the lungs through the mouth without the need of any tracheal incisions. This technique of direct pulmonary delivery enables much faster infection of the animals compared with the intratracheal technique previously used. The use of this less invasive technique allows the exclusion of the surgery-related inflammation. Our results show that, using the direct pulmonary delivery technique, the KO mice were more susceptible to P. aeruginosa lung infection compared with their wild-type (WT) controls, as shown by their increased weight loss, higher bacterial burden and more elevated polymorphonuclear (PMN) alveolar cell recruitment into the lungs. These differences are consistent with the pathological profiles observed in CF patients infected with P. aeruginosa. Overall, this method simplifies the infection procedure in terms of its duration and invasiveness, and improves the survival rate of the KO mice when compared with the previously used intratracheal procedure.
Characteristics of Humoral and Cellular Immunity to Salmonella typhi in Residents of Typhoid-Endemic and Typhoid-Free Regions (1987)

Journal Article Characteristics of Humoral and Cellular Immunity to Salmonella typhi in Residents of Typhoid-Endemic and Typhoid-Free Regions Get access James R. Murphy, James R. Murphy Please address requests for reprints to Dr. James R. Murphy, Cellular Immunology Section, Center for Vaccine Development, Division of Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Shahida Baqar, Shahida Baqar Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Carws Munoz, Carws Munoz Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Liana Schlesinger, Liana Schlesinger Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Catterine Ferreccio, Catterine Ferreccio Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alf A. Lindberg, Alf A. Lindberg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Stefan Svenson, Stefan Svenson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Genevieve Losonsky, Genevieve Losonsky Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Frederick Koster, Frederick Koster Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Myron M. Levine Myron M. Levine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 156, Issue 6, December 1987, Pages 1005–1009, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/156.6.1005 Published: 01 December 1987 Article history Received: 16 March 1987 Revision received: 06 July 1987 Published: 01 December 1987
Blockchain-Based Soybean Traceability in Agricultural Supply Chain (2019)

The globalized production and the distribution of agriculture production bring a renewed focus on the safety, quality, and the validation of several important criteria in agriculture and food supply chains. The growing number of issues related to food safety and contamination risks has established an immense need for effective traceability solution that acts as an essential quality management tool ensuring adequate safety of products in the agricultural supply chain. Blockchain is a disruptive technology that can provide an innovative solution for product traceability in agriculture and food supply chains. Today's agricultural supply chains are complex ecosystem involving several stakeholders making it cumbersome to validate several important criteria such as country of origin, stages in crop development, conformance to quality standards, and monitor yields. In this paper, we propose an approach that leverages the Ethereum blockchain and smart contracts efficiently perform business transactions for soybean tracking and traceability across the agricultural supply chain. Our proposed solution eliminates the need for a trusted centralized authority, intermediaries and provides transactions records, enhancing efficiency and safety with high integrity, reliability, and security. The proposed solution focuses on the utilization of smart contracts to govern and control all interactions and transactions among all the participants involved within the supply chain ecosystem. All transactions are recorded and stored in the blockchain's immutable ledger with links to a decentralized file system (IPFS) and thus providing to all a high level of transparency and traceability into the supply chain ecosystem in a secure, trusted, reliable, and efficient manner.