gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequential Estimation of Thermal Parameters (1977)

This paper presents a method for estimating the parameters appearing in heat transfer models. The method involves minimizing a function that is more general than that utilized in least squares. One of the unique features of the method is that it is sequential. Some of the advantages of this feature are that the basic equations are simple in that no matrix inverses are required, computer programs can be easily written to have an arbitrary number of parameters, and the sequential procedure provides information for development for better mathematical models for describing complex phenomena. Some examples are given.
No NAT'd User Left Behind: Fingerprinting Users behind NAT from NetFlow Records Alone (2014)

It is generally recognized that the network traffic generated by an individual acts as his biometric signature. Several tools exploit this fact to fingerprint and monitor users. Often, though, these tools access the entire traffic, including IP addresses and payloads. In general, this is not feasible on the grounds that both performance and privacy would be negatively affected. In reality, most ISPs convert user traffic into Net Flow records for a concise representation that does not include the payload. More importantly, a single IP address belonging to a large and distributed network is usually masked using Network Address Translation techniques, thus a few IP addresses may be associated to thousands of individuals (NAT'd IPs). We devised a new fingerprinting framework that overcomes these hurdles. Our system is able to analyze a huge amount of network traffic represented as Net Flows, with the intent to track people. It does so by accurately inferring when users are connected to the network and which IP addresses they are using, even though thousands of users are hidden behind NAT. Our prototype implementation was deployed and tested within an existing large metropolitan WiFi network serving about 200,000 users, with an average load of more than 1,000 users simultaneously connected behind 2 NAT'd IP addresses only. Our solution turned out to be very effective, with an accuracy greater than 90%. We also devised new tools and refined existing ones that may be applied to other contexts related to Net Flow analysis.
Use of Amniotic Membrane Graft in Glaucoma Shunt Surgery (2011)

Amniotic membrane graft offers good tectonic support and allows direct visualization of the underlying tube.
The Isolation and Properties of the Yeast Cell Vacuole (1968)

SUMMARY: When glucose and a chelating agent such as EDTA were added to yeast protoplasts suspended in 8.5% (w/v) mannitol solution at pH 6.4 almost all the protoplasts lysed and the main vacuole was released as a discrete structure from about 75% of the protoplasts. The isolated vacuoles were themselves sensitive to osmotic shock and exhibited vital-staining reactions. They are therefore considered to be relatively undamaged. Some of the properties of the isolated vacuoles are described.
Glycosylation of Quinone-Fused Polythiophene for Reagentless and Label-Free Detection of <i>E. coli</i> (2015)

In this report, a new polythiophene interface is fabricated containing fused quinone moieties which are then glycosylated to form a carbohydrate platform for bacterial detection. Very importantly, this interface can be used for label-free and reagentless detection, both by electrochemical and Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) transducers and by using the direct pili-mannose binding as well as Concanavalin A (Con A) mediated lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-mannose binding. The conductive polymer's unique collective properties are very sensitive to very minor perturbations, which result in significant changes of electrical conductivity and providing amplified sensitivity and improved limits of detection (i.e., 25 cell/mL for electrochemical sensor and 50 cells/mL for QCM sensor), a widened logarithmic range of detection (i.e., 3-7 for pili-mannose binding and 2-8 for Con A mediated binding), high specificity and selectivity, and an extraordinary reliability by a mechanism of internal validation. With these analytical performances, the described biosensor is envisaged for being capable of differentiating Gram-negative bacterial strain and species, for many important applications.
Intracellular antioxidant effect of vanillin, 4-methylguaiacol and 4-ethylguaiacol: three components in Chinese Baijiu (2017)

Vanillin, 4-methylguaiacol, and 4-ethylguaiacol can improve AAPH-induced alterations in oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes in HepG2 cells.
Interaction of two variable proteins (PilE and PilC) required for pilus‐mediated adherence of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> to human epithelial cells (1992)

Pili confer the initial ability of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to bind to epithelial cells. Pilin (PilE), the major pilus subunit, and a minor protein termed PilC, reportedly essential for pilus biogenesis, undergo intra-strain phase and structural variation. We demonstrate here that at least two different adherence properties are associated with the gonococcal pili: one is specific for erythrocytes, which is virtually unaffected by PilE variation, and another is specific for epithelial cells, and is modulated in response to the variation of PilE. Based on this finding, mutants of a recA- strain were selected that had lost the ability to bind to human cornea epithelial cells (A-) but retained the ability to form pili (P+) and to agglutinate human erythrocytes (H+). The adherence-negative mutants failed to produce detectable levels of PilC1 or PilC2 proteins, representing piIC phase variants generated in the absence of RecA. The A- pilC phase variants were indistinguishable from their A+ parents and spontaneous A+ revertants with regard to the amount of PilE produced and its electrophoretic mobility, the degrees of piliation and haemagglutination, and the pilE nucleotide sequence. These data demonstrate a central role for PilC in pilus-mediated adherence of N. gonorrhoeae to human epithelial cells and further indicate that neither PilC1 nor PilC2 is obligatory for the assembly of gonococcal pili.
Mesangial cell autoantigens in immunoglobulin A nephropathy and Henoch-Schönlein purpura. (1991)

The autoantigen(s) that we have previously described in human glomeruli, recognized in IgA nephropathy, has (have) been identified as mesangial cell in origin. Cultured mesangial cells expressed 48- and 55-kD components binding IgG isotype autoantibodies (IgG-MESCA) present in sera of patients with both IgA nephropathy and Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP). IgG-MESCA were not detected in sera of normals, or patients with other autoimmune-mediated glomerulonephritides: anti-glomerular basement membrane disease, Wegener's granulomatosis, or in IgM-mesangial proliferative disease. Binding specificity was proven by F(ab')2 studies in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting, and there was no significant affinity of IgA or IgM immunoglobulins. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated IgG from ELISA-positive sera localized to the mesangium and peripheral capillary loops of glomeruli, supporting the belief that the antigen is expressed in normal human renal tissue. However, only about one third of mesangial cells in culture showed affinity for IgG from ELISA-positive sera, suggesting variable expression of the antigen(s) in vitro. The only autoantigen(s) present in glomeruli, and extractable from whole normal glomeruli by the techniques employed, localized on the mesangial cell. In both IgA nephropathy and HSP, autoimmunity was intermittently present, with fluctuating levels of IgG-MESCA detectable in sera. There were positive correlations with the degree of glomerular injury assessed by erythrocyturia and proteinuria in IgA nephropathy, but significance was reached with only the degree of hematuria in HSP. These findings suggest a contributing role in the pathogenesis of the mesangial proliferative lesions and demonstrate autoimmunity common to both IgA nephropathy and HSP.
Phylogenetic Relationships among Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus Isolates from the 2002-2003 Outbreak in California and Other Recent Outbreaks in North America (2004)

Isolates from the 2002-2003 virulent Newcastle disease virus (v-NDV) outbreak in southern California, Nevada, Arizona, and Texas in the United States were compared to each other along with recent v-NDV isolates from Mexico and Central America and reference avian paramyxovirus type 1 strains. Nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analyses were conducted on a 1,195-base genomic segment composing the 3' region of the matrix (M) protein gene and a 5' portion of the fusion (F) protein gene including the M-F intergenic region. This encompasses coding sequences for the nuclear localization signal of the M protein and the F protein cleavage activation site. A dibasic amino acid motif was present at the predicted F protein cleavage activation site in all v-NDVs, including the California 2002-2003, Arizona, Nevada, Texas, Mexico, and Central America isolates. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the California 2002-2003, Arizona, Nevada, and Texas viruses were most closely related to isolates from Mexico and Central America. An isolate from Texas obtained during 2003 appeared to represent a separate introduction of v-NDV into the United States, as this virus was even more closely related to the Mexico 2000 isolates than the California, Arizona, and Nevada viruses. The close phylogenetic relationship between the recent 2002-2003 U.S. v-NDV isolates and those viruses from countries geographically close to the United States warrants continued surveillance of commercial and noncommercial poultry for early detection of highly virulent NDV.
Asynchronous task dispatch for high throughput computing for the eServer IBM Blue Gene&#x00AE; Supercomputer (2008)

High Throughput Computing (HTC) environments strive "to provide large amounts of processing capacity to customers over long periods of time by exploiting existing resources on the network" according to Basney and Livny [1]. A single Blue Gene/L rack can provide thousands of CPU resources into HTC environments. This paper discusses the implementation of an asynchronous task dispatch system that exploits a recently released feature of the Blue Gene/L control system - called HTC mode - and presents data on experimental runs consisting of the asynchronous submission of multiple batches of thousands of tasks for financial workloads. The methodology developed here demonstrates how systems with very large processor counts and light-weight kernels can be configured to deliver capacity computing at the individual processor level in future petascale computing systems.
Analysis of nerve growth factor receptor expression in human neuroblastoma and neuroepithelioma cell lines. (1989)

A series of 22 neuroepithelioma and neuroblastoma cell lines were screened for expression of nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) by flow cytometry, Western blotting, and Northern blotting. All 5 neuroepithelioma cell lines expressed cell surface NGFR, with 30-69% of cells NGFR positive, but the 17 neuroblastoma cell lines tested had a smaller percentage of cell surface NGFR-positive cells (0-21%) and 10 lines were completely lacking cell surface NGFR. SY5Y, a variant line with a neuronal phenotype derived from neuroblastoma line SKNSH, expressed much more NGFR than SHEP, a variant line with an epithelial-like phenotype also derived from SKNSH. By Western blotting, the Mr approximately 69,000 NGFR band was detected for all four neuroepithelioma cell lines tested but was visible for only 8 of 15 neuroblastoma cell lines tested. The band was most intense for neuroepithelioma cell lines SKNMC and TC32. For these two lines, a Mr approximately 56,000 and a Mr approximately 60,000 band were also detected. By Northern blotting, all three neuroepithelioma cell lines tested were positive for the 3.8 kilobase NGFR mRNA, but only 8 of 15 neuroblastoma cell lines were positive. Neuroepithelioma cell line TC32 and neuroblastoma cell line GICAN had the strongest expression of NGFR mRNA. These results demonstrate that NGFR is a biological marker for neuroepithelioma and that NGFR expression is heterogeneous for neuroblastoma cell lines. This series of neural cell lines differing in NGFR expression will be useful for future studies of regulation of NGFR expression and neuronal differentiation.
Novel low-loss and high-speed diode utilizing an "Ideal" ohmic contact (1982)

A novel electrode structure to realize an "ideal" ohmic contact is proposed. A new kind of low-loss and high-speed diode (LLD) is realized by utilizing this electrode structure. LLD shows a remarkably fast recovery as a Schottky diode, using no gold doping, while the reverse blocking voltage and operating temperature limit are far higher than for a Schottky diode. LLD is easily incorporated into monolithic combination with transistors, and is useful for various power applications.
Suppression of the MOS transistor hot carrier degradation caused by water desorbed from intermetal dielectric (2003)

The effects of absorbed water of spin-on glass (SOG) and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS)-O/sub 3/ NSG on MOS transistor hot carrier degradation were investigated. It was found that the absorbed water in SOG and TEOS-O/sub 3/ NSG film desorbs from the film during subsequent low temperature annealing and causes hot carrier degradation. It was also found that plasma CVD silicon oxide (P-SiO) deposited under certain conditions suppresses the hot carrier degradation drastically. Because the P-SiO film has a small water absorption rate, it blocks water penetration to the silicon surface.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Thermal Properties of Dry Metal-Foil Dispersive Electrosurgical Electrodes (1980)

Skin temperature-rise studies were conducted on both dry and gelled copper and aluminum-foil disposable dispersive electrodes applied to the anterior surface of the thighs of six female human subjects. Current levels and durations typical of maximum values used in surgical procedures were employed. It was found that the dry electrodes produced a higher skin temperature rise than electrolyte-coated electrodes. Dry electrodes were also found to be less predictable than the same electrode type coated with low-resistivity electrode paste. A coefficient of performance has been developed for comparing the thermal performance of the electrodes. (However, the results herein should not be extrapolated to the newer dry insulated (capacitive) electrodes which have not yet been thermally evaluated.)
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2010)

This review describes the pathology, prognosis, current treatment options, and future directions for the management of patients with triple-negative breast cancer. "Triple-negative" tumors lack expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors, and HER2. The subtype comprises some 15% of all breast cancers, with tumors of a typically larger size and higher grade. Clinically, triple-negative breast cancer has a relatively high rate of recurrence and distant metastasis, and poor overall survival. The standard of care is chemotherapy, although recent research suggests a sound rationale for the use of targeted agents with antitumor and/or antiangiogenic activity such as receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Broad-band monolithic microwave active inductor and its application to miniaturized wide-band amplifiers (1988)

A broadband monolithic microwave active inductor and its characteristics are discussed. The inductor consists of a cascode FET with a feedback resistor, and operates in a much higher frequency range than a spiral inductor. The size is independent of the inductance value. Miniaturized wideband amplifiers in two frequency bands are realized utilizing these active inductors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pattern-oriented Software Architecture: A System of Patterns (1996)

Patterns. Architectural Patterns. Design Patterns. Idioms. Pattern Systems. Patterns and Software Architecture. The Pattern Community. Where Will Patterns Go? Notations. Glossary. References. Index of Patterns.
Complications of Port A Cath implantation: A single institution experience (2015)

To determine the complications associated with Port A Cath insertion in cancer patients. The records 250 patients, who received a subcutaneous port catheter between 2009 and 2013, were analyzed retrospectively with regard to implantation complications and complications in the course of Port A Cath use. The average duration over which the Port A Cath remained in place was 22 months. Postoperative complications occurred in 29 patients (11.6%); of these, 4 (1.6%) were perioperative and 25 (10%) were long-term complications. Perioperative complications were in the form of inadvertent arterial rupture. Long-term complications included the following: infection in 10 patients (4%), mechanical failure in 5 patients (2%), thrombosis in 4 patients (1.6%), suture disruption in 3 patients (1.2%), extravasation in 2 patients (0.8%), and catheter migration in one patient (0.4%). Port A Cath implantation is associated with some risk of serious complications. Care of the catheter and the patient should be maintained to decrease the risk of complications.
Lie detection by functional magnetic resonance imaging (2002)

The accurate detection of deception or lying is a challenge to experts in many scientific disciplines. To investigate if specific cerebral activation characterized feigned memory impairment, six healthy male volunteers underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging with a block-design paradigm while they performed forced-choice memory tasks involving both simulated malingering and under normal control conditions. Malingering that demonstrated the existence and involvement of a prefrontal-parietal-sub-cortical circuit with feigned memory impairment produced distinct patterns of neural activation. Because astute liars feign memory impairment successfully in testing once they understand the design of the measure being employed, our study represents an extremely significant preliminary step towards the development of valid and sensitive methods for the detection of deception.
Measurement of low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol in serum: a status report (1992)

Current recommendations of the Adult Treatment Panel and the Children and Adolescents Treatment Panel of the National Cholesterol Education Program make the concentration of low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-C) in serum the basis for the classification and treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Numerous methodologies for the determination of serum LDL-C concentrations, in research and clinical laboratories, have been described. Here, we review the principles, performance, and limitations of major current methodologies for determining LDL-C concentrations. These methods include sequential and density-gradient ultracentrifugation, chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques, and precipitation methods. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of estimating LDL-C concentration by the Friedewald equation, the most commonly used approach in clinical laboratories, are addressed.
Pneumococcal meningitis is promoted by single cocci expressing pilus adhesin RrgA (2016)

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is the primary cause of bacterial meningitis. Pneumococcal bacteria penetrates the blood-brain barrier (BBB), but the bacterial factors that enable this process are not known. Here, we determined that expression of pneumococcal pilus-1, which includes the pilus adhesin RrgA, promotes bacterial penetration through the BBB in a mouse model. S. pneumoniae that colonized the respiratory epithelium and grew in the bloodstream were chains of variable lengths; however, the pneumococci that entered the brain were division-competent, spherical, single cocci that expressed adhesive RrgA-containing pili. The cell division protein DivIVA, which is required for an ovoid shape, was localized at the poles and septum of pneumococcal chains of ovoid, nonseparated bacteria, but was absent in spherical, single cocci. In the bloodstream, a small percentage of pneumococci appeared as piliated, RrgA-expressing, DivIVA-negative single cocci, suggesting that only a minority of S. pneumoniae are poised to cross the BBB. Together, our data indicate that small bacterial cell size, which is signified by the absence of DivIVA, and the presence of an adhesive RrgA-containing pilus-1 mediate pneumococcal passage from the bloodstream through the BBB into the brain to cause lethal meningitis.
PMMA Microspheres with Embedded Lanthanide Nanoparticles by Photoinitiated Dispersion Polymerization with a Carboxy-Functional Macro-RAFT Agent (2015)

Functional poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microbeads with a very narrow size distribution were synthesized by photoinitiated RAFT dispersion polymerization in aqueous ethanol using an acrylic acid–oligo(ethylene glycol) copolymer as a macro-RAFT agent. These particles are a prototype for multiparameter bead-based assays employing mass cytometry, a technique in which metal-encoded beads are injected into the plasma torch of an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS), and the metal ions generated are detected by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. To label the beads, the polymerization reaction was carried out in the presence of various types of small (ca. 5 nm) lanthanide fluoride (LnF3) nanoparticles (e.g., LaF3, CeF3, and TbF3) with polymerizable methacrylate groups on their surface. The type of metal ion and the metal content of the PMMA microbeads could be varied by changing the composition of the reaction medium. An important feature of these microbeads is that acrylic acid groups in the corona are available for covalent attachment of biomolecules. As a proof of concept, FITC–streptavidin (FITC-SAv) was covalently coupled to the surface of a Ln-encoded microbead sample. The number of FITC-SAv binding sites on the beads was determined through three parallel assays involving biotin derivatives. Interaction of the beads with a biotin–tetramethylrhodamine derivative was monitored by fluorescence, whereas interaction of the beads with a biotin-DOTA-Lu derivative was monitored both by ICP-MS and by mass cytometry. Each measurement detected an average of ca. 5 × 104 biotins per microsphere. Control experiments with beads covalently labeled with FITC–bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA) showed only very low levels of nonspecific binding.