gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of virus strain and antigen mass on efficacy of H5 avian influenza inactivated vaccines (1999)

The influence of vaccine strain and antigen mass on the ability of inactivated avian influenza (AI) viruses to protect chicks from a lethal, highly pathogenic (HP) AI virus challenge was studied. Groups of 4-week-old chickens were immunized with inactivated vaccines containing one of 10 haemagglutinin subtype H5 AI viruses, one heterologous H7 AI virus or normal allantoic fluid (sham), and challenged 3 weeks later by intra-nasal inoculation with a HP H5 chicken-origin AI virus. All 10 H5 vaccines provided good protection from clinical signs and death, and produced positive serological reactions on agar gel immunodiffusion and haemagglutination inhibition tests. In experiment 1, challenge virus was recovered from the oropharynx of 80% of chickens in the H5 vaccine group. In five H5 vaccine groups, challenge virus was not recovered from the cloaca of chickens. In the other five H5 vaccine groups, the number of chickens with detection of challenge virus from the cloaca was lower than in the sham group (P < 0.05). Reductions in the quantity of challenge virus shed from the cloaca and oropharynx were also evident in some H5 vaccinate groups when compared to the sham group. However, there was no positive correlation between the sequence identity of the haemagglutinin gene from the vaccine strain and challenge virus, and the ability to reduce the quantity of challenge virus shed from the cloaca or oropharynx. As the quantity of AI antigen in the vaccines increased, all parameters of protection improved and were virus strain dependent. A/turkey/Wisconsin/68 (H5N9) was the best vaccine candidate of the H5 strains tested (PD50= 0.006 μg AI antigen). These data demonstrate that chickens vaccinated with inactivated H5 whole virus AI vaccines were protected from clinical signs and death, but usage of vaccine generally did not prevent infection by the challenge virus, as indicated by recovery of virus from the oropharynx. Vaccine use reduced cloacal detection rates, and quantity of virus shed from the cloaca and oropharynx in some vaccine groups, which would potentially reduce environmental contamination and disease transmission in the field.
From network-level measurements to expected quality of experience: The Skype use case (2015)

Modern Internet applications rely on rich multimedia contents making the quality of experience (QoE) of end users sensitive to network conditions. Several models were developed in the literature to express QoE as a function of measurements carried out on the traffic of the applications themselves. In this paper, we propose a new methodology based on machine learning able to link expected QoE to network and device level measurements outside the applications' traffic. This direct linking to network and device level measurements is important for the prediction of QoE. We prove the feasibility of the approach in the context of Skype. In particular, we derive and validate a model to predict the Skype QoE as a function of easily measurable network performance metrics. One can see our methodology as a new way of performing measurements in the Internet, where instead of expressing the expected performance in terms of network and device level measurements that only specialists can understand, we express performance in clear terms related to expected quality of experience for different applications.
Controlled Clinical Laboratory Comparison of Two Supplemented Aerobic and Anaerobic Media Used in Automated Blood Culture Systems To Detect Bloodstream Infections (1998)

A 20-ml blood sample was collected from adult patients with suspected bloodstream infections and distributed equally into the four volume-controlled bottles of a blood culture set consisting of aerobic and anaerobic BACTEC Plus/F bottles and aerobic and anaerobic BacT/Alert FAN bottles. All bottles were incubated in their respective instruments for a standard 5-day protocol or until the instruments signalled positivity. Samples in all bottles with negative results by these instruments were terminally subcultured. A total of 8,390 blood culture sets were obtained during the study period, of which 4,402 (52.5%) met the study criteria. Of these, 946 (21.5%) were positive either by instrument signal or by additional terminal subculture of all negative bottles and yielded growth of microorganisms. Five hundred eighty-nine (13.4%) blood culture sets were considered to have recovered 663 clinically significant organisms. When both the BACTEC and the BacT/Alert systems were used, 465 positive sets were detected; BACTEC alone detected 52 positive sets and BacT/Alert alone detected 72 (P = 0.09). No differences were found between the two systems in microbial recovery rate from blood cultures obtained from patients on antibiotic therapy. Significantly more members of the family Enterobacteriaceae (P < 0.01) were detected from patients without antimicrobial therapy by BacT/Alert than by BACTEC. The false-negative rates were 0.20% for BACTEC and 0.32% for BacT/Alert. A significantly higher false-positive rate was found for BACTEC (P < 0.0001). Both systems were comparable for the time to detection of microorganisms. However, gram-positive bacteria were detected faster by BACTEC and Enterobacteriaceae were detected faster on average by BacT/Alert. We concluded that both systems are comparable in their abilities to recover aerobic and anaerobic organisms from blood cultures and a terminal subculture might not be necessary for either of the two systems. The increased positivity rate when using an anaerobic bottle in a two-bottle blood culture set is due to the additional blood volume rather than to the use of an anaerobic medium.
FGF Receptors: Cancer Biology and Therapeutics (2013)

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are involved in a variety of cellular processes, such as stemness, proliferation, anti-apoptosis, drug resistance, and angiogenesis. Here, FGF signaling network, cancer genetics/genomics of FGF receptors (FGFRs), and FGFR-targeted therapeutics will be reviewed. FGF signaling to RAS-MAPK branch and canonical WNT signaling cascade mutually regulate transcription programming. FGF signaling to PI3K-AKT branch and Hedgehog, Notch, TGFβ, and noncanonical WNT signaling cascades regulate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion. Gene amplification of FGFR1 occurs in lung cancer and estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer, and that of FGFR2 in diffuse-type gastric cancer and triple-negative breast cancer. Chromosomal translocation of FGFR1 occurs in the 8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, as with FGFR3 in multiple myeloma and peripheral T-cell lymphoma. FGFR1 and FGFR3 genes are fused to neighboring TACC1 and TACC3 genes, respectively, due to interstitial deletions in glioblastoma multiforme. Missense mutations of FGFR2 are found in endometrial uterine cancer and melanoma, and similar FGFR3 mutations in invasive bladder tumors, and FGFR4 mutations in rhabdomyosarcoma. Dovitinib, Ki23057, ponatinib, and AZD4547 are orally bioavailable FGFR inhibitors, which have demonstrated striking effects in preclinical model experiments. Dovitinib, ponatinib, and AZD4547 are currently in clinical trial as anticancer drugs. Because there are multiple mechanisms of actions for FGFR inhibitors to overcome drug resistance, FGFR-targeted therapy is a promising strategy for the treatment of refractory cancer. Whole exome/transcriptome sequencing will be introduced to the clinical laboratory as the companion diagnostic platform facilitating patient selection for FGFR-targeted therapeutics in the era of personalized medicine.
Favourable slot and pole number combinations for fault-tolerant PM machines (2004)

A new approach is described for selecting pole and slot numbers for fault-tolerant permanent-magnet machines so that there is inherently negligible coupling between phases (regardless of other design detail). The preferred slot and pole number combinations thereby help to ensure that a fault in one phase does not undesirably affect the remaining unfaulted phases. Other well-known criteria for fault-tolerant operation, including high phase inductance, also have to be met. It is demonstrated how particular slot and pole combinations can be used to eliminate low pole number armature MMF, thereby reducing the vibration and stray loss present during normal operation.
Lineage marker-negative lymphocyte precursors derived from embryonic stem cells <i>in vitro</i> differentiate into mature lymphocytes <i>in vivo</i> (1994)

We induced differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells into lymphoid cells by culturing in methylcellulose, followed by the co-culture with a bone marrow stromal cell line ST2 in the presence of IL-7. These lymphoid cells expressed transcripts of the recombination activating genes, RAG-1 and RAG-2, as well as the C mu gene, although the lymphoid cells did not express surface antigens specific to T or B lymphocytes such as T200, CD4, CD8 and B220, or transcripts of B lymphocyte-specific genes such as lambda 5 and mb-1. D-J rearrangement was detectable in the lymphoid cells differentiated from ES cells in vitro and a sizeable number of both B and T lymphocytes were generated in vivo when the ES-derived lymphoid cells were transferred into RAG-2-deficient mice, which contain no B or T lymphocytes. The results indicate that in the in vitro co-culture system, ES cells give rise to immature lymphocyte precursors which have potentials to differentiate into both mature B and T lymphocytes in vivo. The ES-derived lineage marker-negative lymphocyte precursors would thus provide useful materials for studying early events of lymphopoiesis.
Amphiregulin and Epiregulin mRNA Expression in Primary Tumors Predicts Outcome in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated With Cetuximab (2009)

Expression of EGFR ligands in primary tumors significantly predicts outcome in KRAS WT cmCRC treated with cetuximab and irinotecan.
55. Structure and reactivity of the oxyanions of transition metals. Part VIII. Acidities and spectra of protonated oxyanions (1960)

N. Bailey, A. Carrington, K. A. K. Lott and M. C. R. Symons, J. Chem. Soc., 1960, 290 DOI: 10.1039/JR9600000290
Genetic Analysis of Brain Tumors (1999)

細胞の腫瘍化には複数の遺伝子異常の蓄積が必要である.神経膠腫の発生と悪性化とに関与する遺伝子異常は, その機能により, (1)増殖因子およびそれらのレセプター遺伝子, (2)細胞周期関連遺伝子, (3)DNA修復関連遺伝子, (4)細胞浸潤と接着に関与する遺伝子, (5)血管新生に関与する遺伝子の5つのグループに分類できる.一見同じようにみえる神経膠腫であっても, 個々の症例での遺伝子異常の組み合わせはさまざまであることがわかってきた.最近, 膠芽腫にはp53遺伝子変異を伴うprogression typeと, p53遺伝子異常を伴わないde novo typeとの2種類が考えられている.p53遺伝子異常は細胞周期の異常や, DNA修復の異常, アポトーシス誘導の障害, 血管新生の促進, 薬剤耐性の獲得などをもたらす.p53遺伝子異常は多彩な悪性形質をもたらすにもかかわらず, p53遺伝子異常を伴わないde novo typeの方が, progression typeよりも不良な臨床経過を辿ることが判明した.膠芽腫では第10染色体上のFGFR2, Mxi-1, PTEN, DMBT1遺伝子の異常を伴っていることが多い.われわれはこれらのうち, FGFR2遺伝子の異常が最も不良な臨床経過をもたらすことを見出した.神経膠腫をその遺伝子異常の観点から分類することは, 治療法の選択や再発, 予後の推定を行ううえできわめて大切であると考えられる.
Estimating the Availability of Nitrogen in Poultry Manure through Laboratory and Field Studies (1988)

Abstract Excessive applications of poultry (chicken, Gallus gallus domesticus ) manure in some cropping systems have resulted in nitrate contamination of groundwater. To determine the application rates necessary for optimum crop growth and minimal nitrate leaching, estimates of the availability of N in poultry manure are necessary. This research investigated, under laboratory and field conditions, an approach that could be used to predict available N in poultry manure. In the laboratory study, 20 manures were incorporated with a Kalmia sandy loam (Typic Hapludults) at rates estimated to provide 100 mg predicted available N (PAN) kg −1 soil, where PAN = 80% N i + 60% N o and N i = (NH 4 ‐N + NO 3 ‐N), N o = (Total N − N i ). Actual available N, defined as N i initially extractable by 2 M KCl, plus N mineralized during a 140‐d nonleached incubation study, ranged from 54 to 118 mg N kg −1 soil. A field study was also conducted at two locations comparing three poultry manures, applied at rates of 0, 90, 180, and 270 kg PAN ha −1 , with ammonium nitrate (AN) applied at the same rates. Irrigated corn ( Zea mays L.) was grown at both sites during 1985 and soil, plant, and yield data were obtained. Nitrogen content of ear leaf samples at mid‐silking was significantly less, at both sites, for the three manures than for AN. No significant differences in grain yields were observed between N sources at site one, but average yields (across N rate) were significantly less with two of the poultry manures (PM‐7, PM‐11), relative to AN, at site two. Postharvest soil samples (0–100 cm) were obtained from the control (0N) and 270 kg PAN ha −1 rates of all N sources. Residual N i was less than 10 mg kg −1 for all treatments and depths; however, significantly higher ( P = 0.08) NO 3 ‐N levels were found with AN at the 60 to 80 depth cm at site two and at the 80 to 100 cm ( P < 0.05) depths at sites one and two. The field study was repeated at the same sites in 1986 to assess the residual N value of manure applied in 1985. Based on ear leaf N and grain yields, residual available N from manures was determined to be less than 45 kg N ha −1 . The second year decay constant for PM was estimated, by comparison with AN yields, to be 0.11 and 0.06 at sites one and two, respectively.
The Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra of Alkoxy- and Hydroxybenzils (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra of Alkoxy- and HydroxybenzilsNelson J. Leonard, Richard T. Rapala, Hershel L. Herzog, and Elkan R. BloutCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 9, 2997–3002Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01177a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01177a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views260Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Scalable Private Learning with PATE (2018)

The rapid adoption of machine learning has increased concerns about the privacy implications of machine learning models trained on sensitive data, such as medical records or other personal information. To address those concerns, one promising approach is Private Aggregation of Teacher Ensembles, or PATE, which transfers to a student model the knowledge of an ensemble of models, with intuitive privacy provided by training teachers on disjoint data and strong privacy guaranteed by noisy aggregation of teachers' answers. However, PATE has so far been evaluated only on simple classification tasks like MNIST, leaving unclear its utility when applied to larger-scale learning tasks and real-world datasets. 
In this work, we show how PATE can scale to learning tasks with large numbers of output classes and uncurated, imbalanced training data with errors. For this, we introduce new noisy aggregation mechanisms for teacher ensembles that are more selective and add less noise, and prove their tighter differential-privacy guarantees. Our new mechanisms build on two insights: the chance of teacher consensus is increased by using more concentrated noise and, lacking consensus, no answer need be given to a student. The consensus answers used are more likely to be correct, offer better intuitive privacy, and incur lower-differential privacy cost. Our evaluation shows our mechanisms improve on the original PATE on all measures, and scale to larger tasks with both high utility and very strong privacy ($\varepsilon$ < 1.0).
Systematic Design Centering of Continuous Time Oversampling Converters (2010)

We address the practical problem of determining the loop filter component values in a single-loop continuous-time delta sigma modulator. Conventional techniques to design center the converter to achieve a desired noise transfer function are cumbersome and not numerically stable. We present a robust procedure that can be used to determine the loop filter coefficients when real opamps (with finite gain, arbitrary Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) pulse, and multiple internal poles/zeros) are used. The method can also account for excess loop delay. We illustrate our technique with second-order low-pass and fourth-order bandpass examples.
Some Nonprojective Subgroups of Free Topological Groups (1975)

For the free topological group on an interval $[a,b]$ a family of closed, locally path-connected subgroups is given such that each group is not projective and so not free topological. Simplicial methods are used, and the test for nonprojectivity is nonfreeness of the group of path components. Similar results are given for the abelian case.
Influence of operation variables on quality parameters of olive husk oil extracted with CO<sub>2</sub>: Three‐step sequential extraction (2003)

Abstract Supercritical CO 2 extraction is a viable alternative process for the extraction of high‐quality oil from olive husk (also known as olive pomace), a residue obtained in the production of olive oil. We analyzed the effect of pressure (100–300 bar), temperature (40–60°C), solvent flow (1–1.5 L/min), and particle size (0.30–0.55 mm) on four important quality parameters of the oil extracted with CO 2 : tocopherol concentration, extinction coefficients at 232 and 270 nm, and saponification value. Response surface methodology was used to obtain mathematical expressions related to the operating variables and parameters studied. Results from these experiments were also used to design a three‐step sequential CO 2 extraction procedure to obtain a higher‐quality extract. The optimal operational sequence consisted of a first extraction step at 75 bar for 1 h using 1% (vol/vol) ethanol modifier, followed by a second extraction stage at 350 bar for 2.5 h without ethanol and a third step, also at 350 bar, for 2.5 h but using ethanol. These extraction conditions obtained an intermediate fraction of oil with 64% yield and all normal parameters according to European Commission food legislation. This fraction is suitable without any further refining. On the contrary, the oils obtained by hexane extraction and by conventional supercritical CO 2 extraction at optimal conditions are suitable for human consumption after further refining. This last finding may result in improved economics of the sequential CO 2 extraction process compared to the conventional extraction method with hexane.
A Unsupervised Learning Method of Anomaly Detection Using GRU (2018)

With the development of the Internet, malicious acts of illegal access to Internet services are also growing, detection and prevention of these acts become particularly important. In order to detect illegal access, existing research not only uses rulebased and statistical-based techniques, but also uses machinelearning techniques. In the field of security, these studies have been effective in detecting abnormal traffic. However, few studies focus on detecting behavior patterns based on malicious users. Malicious behavior from users tends to have a certain pattern. In this paper, we propose an improved neural network model that uses web log data to identify user anomalies (INNAD). Our experimental evaluation shows that our detection method is more effective than traditional lstm method and svm model in anomaly detection.
Rubber Mixing (1980)

Abstract Model studies on particle dispersion have led to insights which have increased understanding of the mixing process. Despite the complex flows which arise in practical mixing equipment, model calculations have highlighted the essential flow patterns which occur and have guided understanding of the application and limits of use of practical techniques such as power integrators. Using these tools, process engineers have realized substantial savings in energy usage and mixing time, while maintaining or improving mix quality.
A multi-radio SDR technology demonstrator (2009)

Beyond multi-standard operation, SDR for consumer handsets must also aim at multi-radio operation: supporting e.g. HSPA, DVB-T, and WLAN active simultaneously on a shared hardware platform ("radio computer"). In essence, we propose an SDR operating system that provides a virtual platform for individual radios. By means of a technology demonstrator we address dynamic multi-radio operation, incl. key challenges such as unifying critical interfaces, resource management under real-time constraints, and efficiency.
Picotesla Field Sensor Design Using Spin Dependent Tunneling Devices (1998)

Pinned spin-dependent tunneling devices were fabricated and tested in a mode suited for low-field sensing. The basic structure of the devices was NiFeCo125/Al2O325/CoFe70/Ru9/CoFe70/ FeMn125 ~in A!. This structure had a tunneling resistivity of 110 MV mm and exhibited a 20% magnetoresistance when a field was swept along the easy direction of the soft electrode. High sensitivity, low hysteresis operation was achieved by applying a bias field orthogonal to the easy axis. A sensitivity of 3%/Oe with negligible hysteresis was observed using this mode of operation. A sensor using this type of material was designed to achieve a minimum resolvable field in the picotesla range. The sensor consists of a bridge with four elements, each having 16 tunnel junctions in series. A signal-to-noise ratio of 1:1 at 1 pT (10 Oe) is possible assuming achievable values for the tunneling resistivity, device size, bias level, and sensitivity. © 1998 American Institute of Physics. @S0021-8979~98!52611-4#
Scalable Ontological EAI and e-Business Integration (2009)

Integration of enterprise applications (EAI) and e-business integration are time-consuming and expensive. This thesis proposes pattern mining to determine identical object classes. Processes are integrated based on declared integration goals and known software behavior. A model-driven approach ensures consistent use of behavioral knowledge from development in integration. The contributions were applied to the CCTS Modeler Warp 10 and SAP NetWeaver CE (composition environment) developed at SAP.
Formalization of fFSM Model and Its Verification (2008)

Abstract. PeaCE(Ptolemy extension as a Codesign Environment) was developed for the hardware and software codesign framework which allows us to express both data flow and control flow. The fFSM is a model for describing the control flow aspects in PeaCE, but it has difficulties in verifying their specifications due to lack of their formality. Thus we propose the formal semantics of the model based on its execution steps. To verify an fFSM model, it is translated into SMV input language with properties to be checked, automatically. As a result, some important bugs such as race condition, ambiguous transition, and circular transition can be formally detected in the model.