gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prevention of crescentic glomerulonephritis induced by anti-glomerular membrane antibody in tumor necrosis factor-deficient mice. (1998)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a proinflammatory cytokine playing a central role in the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules required for the recruitment of inflammatory cells. Proliferative glomerulonephritis induced by anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibody is characterized by the recruitment of inflammatory cells in the glomerulus followed by capillary damage and crescent formation. The glomerular pathology may be due to a large extent to TNF induction. We therefore tested this hypothesis in TNF-deficient mice. Anti-GBM antibody administration in sensitized wild-type mice resulted in deposition of immune complexes, followed by increased intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression, as well as the influx of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), lymphocytes, and macrophages. Distinct proteinuria preceded proliferative glomerulonephritis characterized by crescent formation. In the absence of TNF, the development of proteinuria was delayed and the formation of crescents was almost completely prevented. Although the deposition of immune complexes in glomeruli was comparable in both groups, the up-regulation of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, as well as the influx of PMNs and lymphocytes, but not of monocytes, was dramatically reduced in TNF-deficient mice. Therefore, we conclude that TNF plays a key role in the recruitment of inflammatory cells and in the subsequent development of proliferative glomerulonephritis.
Activities of Extracellular and Intracellular Depolymerases of Polyhydroxyalkanoates (1996)

A diverse family of microbially produced polyesters, polyhydroxyalkanoates, PHAs, are receiving considerable attention as biodegradable, biocompatable thermoplastics. The rates and mechanisms of biodegradation of these biopolymers are, therefore, of great interest. Polymer degradation is catalyzed by depolymerase enzymes. In this chapter we review the activities of both extracellular PHA depolymerases secreted by a variety of microorganisms, and intracellular depolymerases associated with polymer inclusion bodies isolated from the PHA producing microbes. A number of examples are used to compare and contrast different enzymes and emphasize the considerably faster biodegradation of these novel biopolymers compared to more conventional, commercially available synthetic polymers.
Predicting electrical measurements by applying scatterometry to complex spacer structures (2007)

The comparison of scatterometry measurements of complex spacer structures to electrical test measurements is discussed. Details of the NFET and PFET structures are presented, along with a summary of the scatterometry models used to represent the structures. Before comparison data are shown, a methodology and set of metrics are presented that assist in the analysis and interpretation of comparison data. The methodology, called Prediction Analysis, has its roots in TMU analysis, where both measurements are subject to error. But in Prediction Analysis, an "apples-to-apples" comparison of the measurements is not the goal, and the measurements may be reported in different units. The goal of Prediction Analysis is to analyze the components of error in a correlation and use this analysis to predict a measurement based on the knowledge of another measurement, such that the predicted measurement is bounded. This method is used in this work to determine how well scatterometry measurements of certain parameters correlate to electrical measurements of gate resistance, gate Lpoly, and transistor current Ion. Clear correlations are demonstrated, and physical explanations that explain these correlations are presented. Due to the correlations, the scatterometry measurements can be used as a predictor of electrical performance significantly before the electrical test occurs. Because of this, scatterometry can be a reliable measurement technique for improving spacer controls and reducing the mean time to detect (MTTD) some profile abnormalities.
Digital document integrity (2000)

The revolution in digital data processing has brought many benefits to the way we create, organise and manage information, whether in the form of images, documents, audio or video files. The conversion of such information into digital form provides us with capabilities such as online storage and retrieval, efficient search processes and worldwide data transmission. But digital data also brings with it a major problem, namely the ease with which such information can be copied and tampered with, without the forensic trail of evidence that we have relied on for analogue and hard-copy files. The need has therefore arisen for technologies which are able to safeguard the integrity and authenticity of digital records, particularly if such records are subject to legal and/or ethical scrutiny. The preservation of integrity of digital records is particularly important where they are subject to concerted and possible criminal attack.
Implantable intrathecal pumps for chronic pain: highlights and updates. (2007)

Management of chronic pain by intrathecal delivery is gaining increasing use. The aim of this article is to review the literature pertinent to implantable devices used for treatment of chronic pain, and to highlight what is known. Articles were obtained from Medline database and reviewed. Practical patient selection criteria, trial management, and surgical technique are described. Expert consensus guidelines for intrathecal medication use are also reviewed. Finally, an exhaustive description of known complications and future implications is discussed. We concluded that intrathecal pump seems to be overused, while there is still weak evidence to support its outcome. It is also recommended that future research focus on the outcome, measured by functional parameters rather than commonly used pain scores.
An AI-Powered Blood Test to Detect Cancer Using NanoDSF (2020)

Glioblastoma is the most frequent and aggressive primary brain tumor. Its diagnosis is based on resection or biopsy that could be especially difficult and dangerous in the case of deep location or patient comorbidities. Monitoring disease evolution and progression also requires repeated biopsies that are often not feasible. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop biomarkers to diagnose and follow glioblastoma evolution in a minimally invasive way. In the present study, we described a novel cancer detection method based on plasma denaturation profiles obtained by a non-conventional use of differential scanning fluorimetry. Using blood samples from 84 glioma patients and 63 healthy controls, we showed that their denaturation profiles can be automatically distinguished with the help of machine learning algorithms with 92% accuracy. Proposed high throughput workflow can be applied to any type of cancer and could become a powerful pan-cancer diagnostic and monitoring tool requiring only a simple blood test.
Effects of Wnt Signaling on Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2004)

Mesenchymal stem cells are pluripotent cells from bone marrow, which can be differentiated into the osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages in vitro and are a source of cells in bone and cartilage tissue engineering. An improvement in current tissue-engineering protocols requires more detailed insight into the molecular cues that regulate the distinct steps of osteochondral differentiation. Because Wnt signaling has been widely implicated in mesenchymal differentiation, we analyzed the role of Wnt signaling in human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) biology by stimulation of the pathway with lithium chloride and Wnt3A-conditioned medium. We demonstrate a role for low levels of Wnt signaling in proliferation of uncommitted hMSCs and confirm that Wnt signaling controls osteoprogenitor proliferation. On the other hand, at high Wnt levels we observed a block in adipogenic differentiation and an increase in the expression of alkaline phosphatase, suggesting a role in the initiation of osteogenesis. The results of this study suggest that bone tissue engineering could benefit from the activation of critical levels of Wnt signaling at defined stages of differentiation. Moreover, our data suggest that hMSCs provide a valid in vitro model to study the role of Wnt signaling in mesenchymal biology.
Model-based virtual document generation (1997)

Virtual documents are hypermedia documents that are generated on demand in response to reader input. This paper describes a virtual document application that generates natural language explanations about the structure and behavior of electromechanical systems. The application, called DME, structures the interaction with the reader as a question–answer dialog. Each page of the hyperdocument is the answer to a question, and each link on each page is a follow-up question that leads to another answer. DME is amodel-basedvirtual document generator; unlike conventional database front-ends that provide views onto data, DME dynamically constructs the document's content (i.e. coherent explanations in English) from underlying mathematical and symbolic models. DME-based virtual documents have been running on the WWW since late 1993. They are used to document engineered systems in support of collaborative design and simulation-based training. In this paper we describe and demonstrate the DME application (with examples that run), and describe how it generates virtual documents on the web. We discuss the impact that model-based virtual documentation can have on the way technical documentation is authored and delivered.
Multiagent Traffic Management: A Reservation-Based Intersection Control Mechanism (2004)

Traffic congestion is one of the leading causes of lost productivity and decreased standard of living in urban settings. Recent advances in artificial intelligence suggest vehicle navigation by autonomous agents will be possible in the near future. In this paper, we propose a reservation-based system for alleviating traffic congestion, specifically at intersections, and under the assumption that the cars are controlled by agents. First, we describe a custom simulator that we have created to measure the different delays associated with conducting traffic through an intersection. Second, we specify a precise metric for evaluating the quality of traffic control at an intersection. Using this simulator and this metric, we show that our reservation-based system can perform two to three hundred times better than traffic lights. As a result, it can smoothly handle much heavier traffic conditions. We show that our system very closely approximates an overpass, which is the optimal solution for the problem with which we are dealing.
Comparative Molecular Field Analysis Study of Stilbene Derivatives Active against A549 Lung Carcinoma (2003)

A series of 43 stilbene derivatives that showed cytotoxicity against human lung carcinoma (A549) was analyzed using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) for defining the hypothetic pharmacophore model. The polyoxylated stilbenes were found to be active inhibitors of tubulin polymerization. Several cis-stilbenes are structurally similar to combretastatins. However, the trans-stilbenes are assumed to be close to resveratrol found in grapes and have been reported to be potential cancer chemopreventive agents by modulating the initiation, promotion, and progression of the carcinogenic process. With several synthesized compounds that were evaluated for antitumor cytotoxicity against human lung tumor cells (A549), the stilbene derivatives were subjected to CoMFA. To perform systematic molecular modeling of these compounds, a conformational search was carried out based on the precise dihedral angle analysis of the lead compound (1p). The X-ray crystallographic structure of combretastatin A-1 was also used for defining the active conformers of the compounds. After determining the energy-minimized conformers of the lead compound (1p), CoMFA was performed using five different alignments. The three dimensional (3D)-quantitative structure-activity relationship study resulted in reasonable cross-validated, conventional r(2) values equal to 0.640 and 0.958, respectively.
Transcriptome Analysis of the Interferon‐Signature Defining the Autoimmune Process of Sjögren’s Syndrome (2012)

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) of humans and SS-like (SjS-like) diseases in mouse models are characterized by chronic immune attacks against the salivary and lacrimal glands leading to exocrine dysfunction. One characteristic of SS and SjS-like diseases repeatedly observed is a strong upregulated expression of both the type I (α/β) and type II (γ) interferons (IFNs). In addition, recent global transcriptome studies have identified a variety of IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) transcripts differentially expressed in tissues of SS patients and mouse models exhibiting SjS-like disease. Analyses of these transcriptome databases indicate that the sets of differentially expressed genes are highly restricted, suggesting that there is a unique specificity in ISGs activated (or suppressed) during development and onset of disease. As a result, these observations have led to both SS and SjS-like diseases being designated as 'interferon-signature' diseases. While SS and SjS-like diseases may be designated as such, very little effort has been made to determine what an interferon-signature might signify relative to autoinflammation and whether it might point directly to an underlying etiopathological mechanism. Here, we review these limited data and provide a model of how the products of these genes interact molecularly and biologically to define critical details of SS pathology.
Intrauterine pressure catheter performance in an in vitro uterine model: a stimulation of problems for intrapartum monitoring. (1993)

In most extreme experimental conditions, the catheter types behaved similarly when detecting "intrauterine" pressure. The sole exception, thick meconium simulation, suggests that fluid-filled catheters would be less reliable in this condition unless flushed continuously with saline.
Up-regulation of GPR48 Induced by Down-regulation of p27 <i>Kip1</i> Enhances Carcinoma Cell Invasiveness and Metastasis (2006)

A reduced expression level of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1) is associated with increased tumor malignancy and poor prognosis in individuals with various types of cancer. To investigate the basis for this relation, we applied microarray analysis to screen for genes differentially expressed between p27(+/-) and parental (p27(+/+)) HCT116 human colon carcinoma cells. Expression of the gene for G protein-coupled receptor 48 (GPR48) was increased in the p27(+/-) cells. Forced expression of GPR48 increased both in vitro invasive activity and lung metastasis potency of HCT116 cells. In contrast, depletion of endogenous GPR48 by RNA interference reduced the invasive potential of HeLa and Lewis lung carcinoma cells not only in vitro but also in vivo. Moreover, GPR48 expression was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and inversely correlated with p27 expression in human colon carcinomas. GPR48 may thus play an important role in invasiveness and metastasis of carcinoma and might therefore represent a potential prognostic marker or therapeutic target.
Abstract B031: Heat-inactivated modified vaccinia virus ankara induces type I IFN and antitumor immunity via the cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway (2016)

Abstract Type I interferon (IFN), well known for its antiviral activity, is a critical component of cancer immune surveillance through its direct actions on cancer cells as well as on tumor microenvironment. Advanced melanoma remains a therapeutic challenge despite recent progress in targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Novel approaches are needed to alter the tumor immune suppressive microenvironment and to facilitate the recognition of tumor antigens that leads to antitumor immunity. Poxviruses are cytosolic DNA viruses that have been investigated as oncolytic and immunotherapeutic agents. We recently reported that the highly attenuated modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), a safe vaccine for smallpox, triggers type I IFN production in conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) via the cytosolic DNA sensor cGAS and its adaptor STING, and that it requires transcription factors IRF3 and IRF7. Here we show that infection of cDCs with heat-inactivated MVA leads to higher levels of IFN induction than MVA. This induction is also mediated by the cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway cGAS/STING/IRF3/IRF7. In addition, we found that intratumoral injection of Heat-MVA caused tumor eradication in a murine B16 melanoma model as well as the generation of adaptive anti-tumor immunity. Furthermore, Heat-MVA-induced anti-tumor therapy is less effective in STING, IRF7, or Batf3-deficient mice than in wild-type mice, indicating that both the innate immune-sensing pathway and CD8α+DCs are essential for Heat-MVA-based immunotherapy. Lastly, the combination of intratumoral delivery of Heat-MVA with systemic delivery of anti-CTLA-4, PD-1 or PD-L1 antibodies achieved enhanced efficacy in tumor eradication and survival than Heat-MVA alone. Our results have strong implications for the development of poxvirus-based cancer immunotherapeutics as well novel strategies to overcome resistance to immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Citation Format: Peihong Dai, Weiyi Wang, Cristian Serna-Tamayo, Dimitriy Zamarin, Stewart Shuman, Taha Merghoub, Jedd D. Wolchok, Liang Deng. Heat-inactivated modified vaccinia virus ankara induces type I IFN and antitumor immunity via the cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR Inaugural International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; September 16-19, 2015; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B031.
Complexity of dopamine metabolism (2013)

: Parkinson's disease (PD) coincides with a dramatic loss of dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra. A key player in the loss of dopaminergic neurons is oxidative stress. Dopamine (DA) metabolism itself is strongly linked to oxidative stress as its degradation generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DA oxidation can lead to endogenous neurotoxins whereas some DA derivatives show antioxidative effects. Therefore, DA metabolism is of special importance for neuronal redox-homeostasis and viability.In this review we highlight different aspects of dopamine metabolism in the context of PD and neurodegeneration. Since most reviews focus only on single aspects of the DA system, we will give a broader overview by looking at DA biosynthesis, sequestration, degradation and oxidation chemistry at the metabolic level, as well as at the transcriptional, translational and posttranslational regulation of all enzymes involved. This is followed by a short overview of cellular models currently used in PD research. Finally, we will address the topic from a medical point of view which directly aims to encounter PD.
Characterization of wet pad surface in chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process with full-field optical coherence tomography (FF-OCT) (2011)

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is a key process for global planarization of silicon wafers for semiconductors and AlTiC wafers for magnetic heads. Removal rate of wafer material is directly dependent on the surface roughness of a CMP pad, thus the structure of the pad surface has been evaluated with variable techniques. However, under in situ CMP process, the measurements have been severely limited due to the existence of polishing fluids including the slurry on the pad surface. In here, we newly introduce ultra-high resolution full-field optical coherence tomography (FF-OCT) to investigate the surface of wet pads. With FF-OCT, the wet pad surface could be quantitatively characterized in terms of the polishing pad lifetime, and also be three-dimensionally visualized. We found that reasonable polishing span could be evaluated from the surface roughness measurement and the groove depth measurement made by FF-OCT.
[Contortion of an accessory lobe of the liver causing acute abdominal distress (author's transl)]. (1980)

Contortion of an accessory lobe of the liver occurred in a 23 year old female patient while jumping the trampoline, causing immediately the classical symptoms of acute abdominal distress. Diagnosis was established and therapy performed by surgery. Variability of liver lobes is discussed as well as therapeutic steps to be taken eventually in these cases.
Rehabilitation de troncons de route (voiries urbaines & voies de Desserte Sud) a Nosy Be (2007)

The resettlement action plan (RAP) for the Madagascar Integrated Growth Poles Project includes the country ' s regulatory and legal frameworks, and the Bank ' s safeguard policies, and principles for resettlement, stipulating the criteria for ensuring compensation to project affected people (PAP) as required, due to subprojects implementation. The RAP addresses the following mitigating measures: cultural heritage sites are to be protected and respected in compliance with the country ' s legislation, and the Bank safeguards policy; mitigation measures for project affected people (PAP) will ensure that PAPs will gain benefit from the project and improve their standard of living; measures necessary to mitigate adverse impacts will be determined with participation of the displaced persons during design and implementation of the project; addressing the needs of displaced PAPs will be a priority during periods of transition and adaptation to new or temporary settlements; compensation to PAPs for the cost of losses from involuntary relocation, as required; and the previous level of community services and access to resources will be maintained or improved after resettlement.
Distinct Differences between TNF Receptor 1- and TNF Receptor 2- mediated Activation of NFκB (2005)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling is mediated via two distinct receptors, TNFR2 and TNFR1, which shows partially overlapping signaling mechanisms and biological roles. In the present study, TNFR2 and TNFR1 signal transduction mechanisms involved in activation of NFkappaB and CMV promoter-enhancer were compared with respect to their susceptibility towards inhibitors of intracellular signaling. For this, we used SW480 cells, where we have shown that TNF-signaling can occur independently through each of the two receptors. The TNFR1 response was inhibited by D609, bromophenacyl bromide (BPB), nordihydroguararetic acid (NDGA), and by sodium salicylate, while TNFR2-mediated activation of NFkappaB and CMV promoter-enhancer was resistant to these compounds. The signaling mechanisms known to be affected by these inhibitors include phospholipases as well as redox- and pH-sensitive intracellular components. Our results imply that TNFR2 signaling involved in NFkappaB activation proceeds independently of these inhibitor-sensitive signaling components, indicating distinct signaling pathways not shared with TNFR1.