gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Type of Electroacoustic Transducer Used for Downhole Acoustic Telemetry System (2013)

The high power and low frequency electroacoustic transducer plays a very important role in the underground acoustic telemetry system used for petroleum industry. How to realize electroacoustic conversion technology with the giant magnetostrictive materials was studied in this paper. The principles and methods of how to design it were proposed and the experimental verification was achieved. Results show that the electroacoustic transducer based on giant magnetostrictive materials features high-power and low-frequency output, high conversion efficiency, high temperature resistance, and excellent performance. It can completely meet the needs of the downhole acoustic telemetry system.
An Interleukin-1 Beta-Encoding Retrovirus Exhibits Enhanced Replication <i>In Vivo</i> (2014)

Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is an inflammatory cytokine released in response to activation of innate pathogen-sensing pathways during microbial infection. To examine the potential impact of IL-1β on retroviral replication in vivo, I constructed a novel mouse retrovirus strain (FMLV-IL-1β) that encodes IL-1β and promotes abundant IL-1β secretion from infected cells. This virus replicates with normal kinetics in cultured cells but displays a dramatically enhanced ability to replicate in mice and caused persistent infection and immune activation in the BALB/c strain of mice. These results establish IL-1β as a positive regulator of retroviral replication and suggest that targeting this pathway may have therapeutic benefits in infections with proinflammatory retroviruses. This virus can also be used to further study the impact of inflammatory pathways on retroviral infection.
Break junction measurement of the tunneling gap of a thallium-based high-temperature superconductor crystal (1989)

We have used the break junction method to measure the tunneling gap of a thallium-based high-temperature superconductor crystal in liquid helium at 4 K. The crystal was predominantly Tl2CaBa2Cu2O7 and had a superconducting onset temperature of 105 K. Tunneling data showed a symmetric gap about zero bias between two well-defined conductance peaks in the conductance versus voltage curve. The gap is consistent with a Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer energy gap (Δ) of 30 meV assuming a superconductor-insulator-superconductor electrode configuration. In addition, a supercurrent could be detected when the break junction was operated in a point-contact mode at temperatures as high as 95 K.
<scp>PAS</scp>‐<scp>G</scp> supports platelet reconstitution after cryopreservation in the absence of plasma (2013)

Thawing cryopreserved PLTs in PAS-G, without plasma supplementation, resulted in PLTs with similar recovery and in vitro quality indicators as those suspended in plasma. Importantly, using PAS-G enables the PLTs to be ready for use significantly faster than when having to thaw frozen plasma, which may be beneficial in trauma situations.
Mutual Coupling Reduction of Two PIFAs With a T-Shape Slot Impedance Transformer for MIMO Mobile Terminals (2011)

An efficient technique is introduced to reduce mutual coupling between two closely spaced PIFAs for MIMO mobile terminals. The proposed mutual coupling reduction method is based on a T-shape slot impedance transformer and can be applied to both single-band and dual-band PIFAs. For the proposed single-band dual PIFAs, the 10 dB impedance bandwidth covers the 2.4 GHz WLAN band (2.4-2.48 GHz), and within the WLAN band an isolation of over 20 dB is achieved. Moreover, the dual-band version covers both the WLAN band and the WiMAX band of 3.4-3.6 GHz, with isolations of over 19.2 dB and 22.8 dB, respectively. The efficiency, gain and radiation patterns of the two-PIFA prototypes are verified in measurements. Due to very low pattern correlation and very good matching and isolation characteristics, the capacity performances are mainly limited by radiation efficiency. The single-band and dual-band PIFAs are also studied with respect to their locations on the ground plane. An eight-fold increase in the bandwidth of one PIFA is achieved, when the single-band PIFAs are positioned at one corner of the ground plane, with the bandwidth of the other PIFA and the good isolation unchanged.
Expression and Purification of the Recombinant Lethal Factor of <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> (1998)

The structural gene for the 90-kDa lethal factor (LF) isolated from Bacillus anthracis was expressed as a fusion protein with six histidine residues in Escherichia coli. Expression of LF in E. coli under the transcriptional regulation of the T5 promoter yielded a soluble cytosolic protein with an apparent molecular mass of 90 kDa, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Recombinant LF reacted with anti-LF antibodies. The protein was purified to homogeneity by nickel nitrilotriacetic acid affinity chromatography and gel filtration on a Sephacryl S-200 column followed by anion exchange on a fast-performance liquid chromatograph with a Resource-Q column. The yield of purified LF from this procedure was 1.5 mg/liter. In solution, trypsin cleaved protective antigen bound to native and recombinant LF with comparable affinities. In macrophage lysis assays, native and recombinant LF exhibited identical potencies. The results suggest that large amounts of biologically active LF can be purified by this procedure.
Double Resonance Technique for the Elimination of Proton Spin-Spin Splitting in High Resolution PMR Spectra (1960)

The double resonance technique aims at removing the effect of spin-spin coupling by the application of a strong rf field at the resonance frequency of the disturbing nucleus in addition to the weak rf field used for observation of the NMR spectrum. A method is described whereby the weak rf field is obtained by a small audio frequency modulation of the magnetic field strength. This method is applicable to chemically nonequivalent groups of hydrogen nuclei to simplify the interpretation of high resolution proton magnetic resonance spectra. Two examples are given.
ZnT8-Reactive T Cells Are Weakly Pathogenic in NOD Mice but Can Participate in Diabetes Under Inflammatory Conditions (2014)

Autoantibodies to the islet-specific Zn transporter ZnT8 (Slc30a8), as well as CD4 T cells, have been identified in patients with type 1 diabetes. Here we examined for CD4 T-cell reactivity to ZnT8 epitopes in the NOD mouse. Immunization with a cytoplasmic domain of the protein or with peptides predicted to bind to I-A(g7) resulted in a CD4 T-cell response, indicating a lack of deletional tolerance. However, presentation by intraislet antigen-presenting cells (APC) to the T cells was not detectable in prediabetic mice. Presentation by islet APC was found only in islets of mice with active diabetes. In accordance, a culture assay indicated the weak transfer of ZnT8 reactivity from insulinomas or primary β-cells to APC for presentation to T cells. A T cell directed to one peptide (345-359) resulted in the transfer of diabetes, but only in conditions in which the recipient NOD mice or NOD.Rag1(-/-) mice were subjected to light irradiation. In late diabetic NOD mice, CD4 T cells were found as well as a weak antibody response. We conclude that in NOD mice, ZnT8 is a minor diabetogenic antigen that can participate in diabetes in conditions in which the islet is first made receptive to immunological insults.
The Role of CTLs in Persistent Viral Infection: Cytolytic Gene Expression in CD8+ Lymphocytes Distinguishes between Individuals with a High or Low Proviral Load of Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (2004)

The proviral load in human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection is typically constant in each infected host, but varies by >1000-fold between hosts and is strongly correlated with the risk of HTLV-1-associated inflammatory disease. However, the factors that determine an individual's HTLV-1 proviral load remain uncertain. Experimental evidence from studies of host genetics, viral genetics, and lymphocyte function and theoretical considerations suggest that a major determinant of the equilibrium proviral load is the CD8+ T cell response to HTLV-1. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the gene expression profile in circulating CD8+ and CD4+ lymphocytes distinguishes between individuals with a low proviral load of HTLV-1 and those with a high proviral load. We show that circulating CD8+ lymphocytes from individuals with a low HTLV-1 proviral load overexpressed a core group of nine genes with strong functional coherence: eight of the nine genes encode granzymes or other proteins involved in cell-mediated lysis or Ag recognition. We conclude that successful suppression of the HTLV-1 proviral load is associated with strong cytotoxic CD8+ lymphocyte activity in the peripheral blood.
Low Temperature Polysilicon Super-Thin-Film Transistor (LSFT) (1986)

Advanced polysilicon SFT's (Super-thin-Film Transistor) were fabricated on quartz at a low temperature process below 610°C. Using the technique of Si + ion implanted amorphization and subsequent solid phase growth and making a super-thin-film structure, superior electrical characteristics such as high electron mobility of 60 cm 2 /(V·s) were obtained. The oscillation of a 19 stage ring oscillator with a channel length of 8.4 µm was observed. Propagation delay time of 8.13 ns/stage was attained. The device is expected to be applied to monolithic liquid-crystal-display on low temperature glass and three dimensional LSI technology.
Mondou: Web search engine with textual data mining (2002)

It is too difficult to discover useful documents on web without rich background knowledge. In this paper, with applying techniques of the textual data mining to the web resource discovery, we try to derive effective association rules in order to submit more effective queries. From 1995, we have been developing the resource discovery system, Mondou, which derives associative keywords from collected and parsed Japanese web pages. This paper includes a brief evaluation of our system and java applet in order to visualize search results with multi-dimensional measurements.
Analysis of Message Generation Rules for Collective Perception in Connected and Automated Driving. (2019)

Collective Perception (CP) or cooperative sensing enables vehicles and infrastructure nodes to exchange sensor information to improve their perception of the driving environment. CP enables vehicles to detect objects (e.g. non-connected vehicles, pedestrians, obstacles, etc.) beyond their local sensing capabilities. ETSI is currently developing the European standards for collective perception or cooperative sensing. This includes defining which information should be exchanged about the detected objects, and how often it should be exchanged. To this aim, different CP generation rules for collective perception are currently under analysis, and this paper presents an in-depth analysis of their performance and efficiency. The conducted analysis highlights the existing tradeoffs between performance (capacity to detect surrounding objects) and efficiency (redundant detection and transmission of the same detected objects). It also demonstrates the need to design advanced policies that dynamically control the redundancy on the wireless channel while ensuring the capacity to reliably detect the driving environment.
E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Smurf1 Mediates Core-binding Factor α1/Runx2 Degradation and Plays A Specific Role in Osteoblast Differentiation (2003)

Osteoblast differentiation and bone formation is stimulated by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and its downstream signaling molecules Smad1 and -5 and the osteoblast-specific transcription factor core-binding factor alpha1 (Cbfa1). Proteolytic degradation of Smad1 and Cbfa1 is proteasome-dependent, and intracellular concentrations of Smad1 and Cbfa1 are enhanced by inhibition of the 26 S proteasome. Smad1 degradation is mediated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Smurf1 (Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor 1), but the specific E3 ligase responsible for Cbfa1 degradation has not been identified. Because Cbfa1 interacts with Smad1, whose degradation is mediated by Smurf1, we examined the effect of Smurf1 on Cbfa1 degradation in osteoblast precursor cells. Smurf1 interacts directly with Cbfa1 and mediates Cbfa1 degradation in a ubiquitin- and proteasome-dependent manner. Because Smurf1 controls the intracellular concentrations of several key molecules in the bone formation cascade, we examined the effect of a mutant form of Smurf1 in osteoblasts and found that expression of mutant Smurf1 markedly enhanced osteoblast differentiation. Smurf1 therefore appears to be an important regulatory factor in osteoblast differentiation and a potential molecular target for identification of bone anabolic agents.
Phase sticking in one-dimensional Josephson junction chains (2013)

We studied current-voltage characteristics of long one-dimensional Josephson junction chains with Josephson energy much larger than charging energy, ${E}_{J}\ensuremath{\gg}{E}_{C}$. In this regime, typical I-V curves of the samples consist of a supercurrent-like branch at low-bias voltages followed by a voltage-independent chain current branch, ${I}_{\mathrm{chain}}$ at high bias. Our experiments showed that ${I}_{\mathrm{chain}}$ is not only voltage-independent but it is also practically temperature-independent up to $T=0.7{T}_{C}$. We have successfully model the transport properties in these chains using a capacitively shunted junction model with nonlinear damping.
Inhibition of Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase Results in a Significant Reduced Respiratory Burst in Formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-stimulated Human Neutrophils (2001)

The effects of phenylarsine oxide and a monoclonal antibody directed against type II phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI4K) on the N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-stimulated respiratory burst and the PI4K activity in neutrophils were investigated. Fluorescence microscopic imaging showed that the antibody labeled with IANBD amide (N,N'-dimethyl-N-(iodoacetyl)-N'-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)ethylenediamine) could enter into the cytosol possibly by endocytosis. It was found that the antibody inhibited the fMLP-stimulated respiratory burst but had little effect on the phorbol myristate acetate-activated respiratory burst in neutrophils, whereas phenylarsine oxide inhibited both. It was found that even at higher concentration, the antibody could not completely inhibit the cell response. Using cells preincubated with human immunoglobulin G of the same concentration as the control, the maximal inhibition of the fMLP-stimulated respiratory burst by the antibody against type II PI4K was found to be about 70%, whereas the PI4K activity was inhibited by only about 40%. The discrepancy in depressing the cell response and the enzyme activity may be the result of depletion of the phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate or phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate pools during the incubation of cells with the antibody. Both the 40% inhibition of PI4K activity and 70% depression of the respiratory burst by the type II PI4K antibody may imply that at least 40% of the phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate was synthesized promptly by all forms of PI4K and phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase in the fMLP-activated cells. The results suggest that PI4K plays a central role in either phospholipase C or PI3K signaling and that PI3K, PI4K, and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase must be considered as an integrated family for the phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate initiated signaling.
On the flow topology inside droplets moving in rectangular microchannels (2014)

The flow topology in moving microdroplets has a significant impact on the behaviour of encapsulated objects and hence on applications of the technology. This study reports on a systematic investigation of the flow field inside droplets moving in a rectangular microchannel, by means of micro-particle image velocimetry (μPIV). Various water/oil (w/o) fluid mixtures were studied in order to elucidate the effects of a number of parameters such as capillary number (Ca), droplet geometry, viscosity ratio and interfacial tension. A distinct change in flow topology was observed at intermediate Ca ranging from 10(-3) to 10(-1), in surfactant-laden droplets, which was attributed primarily to the viscosity ratio of the two phases rather than the Marangoni effect expected in such systems. W/o droplet systems of lower inner-to-outer viscosity ratios tend to exhibit the well-known flow pattern characterised by a parabola-like profile in the droplet bulk-volume, surrounded by two counter rotating recirculation zones on either side of the droplet axis. As the viscosity ratio between the two phases is increased, the flow pattern becomes more uniform, exhibiting low velocities in the droplet bulk-volume and higher-reversed velocities along the w/o interface. The Ca and droplet geometry had no effect on the observed flow topology change. The study highlights the complex, three-dimensional (3D) nature of the flow inside droplets in rectangular microchannels and demonstrates the ability to control the droplet flow environment by adjusting the viscosity ratio between the two phases.
A Functional -- Scalable Architecture for Automatic Service Composition (2011)

New value-added services are created by automatic service composition (ASC) dynamically and automatically from existing services at the user's request. Complete ASC system requests solving very large and complex realistic problems require consistent architecture. Most studies of service composition are based on four stages (planning, discovery, selection, and execution) and their variations such as integration of the stages or divergence in a stage. However, previous studies have not considered the functional scalability of ASC involving nested dynamic services in which the ASC calls inner ASCs internally during composition. In practice, there are many situations where dynamic services and existing services are combined in ASC. We present a blueprint for a modified four-stage composition architecture to allow for scalability in managing the nested composition flow. A general model for the composition architecture is described and a complete and detailed composition framework is introduced using our model. Finally, we analyze the proposed architecture to show its efficacy.
Prostasin, a membrane-anchored serine peptidase, regulates sodium currents in JME/CF15 cells, a cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cell line (2004)

Prostasin is a tryptic peptidase expressed in prostate, kidney, lung, and airway. Mammalian prostasins are related to Xenopus channel-activating protease, which stimulates epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) activity in frogs. In human epithelia, prostasin is one of several membrane peptidases proposed to regulate ENaC. This study tests the hypothesis that prostasin can regulate ENaC in cystic fibrosis epithelia in which excessive Na+ uptake contributes to salt and water imbalance. We show that prostasin mRNA and protein are strongly expressed by human airway epithelial cell lines, including immortalized JME/CF15 nasal epithelial cells homozygous for the DeltaF508 cystic fibrosis mutation. Epithelial cells transfected with vectors encoding recombinant soluble prostasin secrete active, tryptic peptidase that is highly sensitive to inactivation by aprotinin. When studied as monolayers in Ussing chambers, JME/CF15 cells exhibit amiloride-sensitive, transepithelial Na+ currents that are markedly diminished by aprotinin, suggesting regulation by serine-class peptidases. Overproduction of membrane-anchored prostasin in transfected JME/CF15 cells does not augment Na+ currents, and trypsin-induced increases are small, suggesting that baseline serine peptidase-dependent ENaC activation is maximal in these cells. To probe prostasin's involvement in basal ENaC activity, we silenced expression of prostasin using short interfering RNA targeting of prostasin mRNA's 3'-untranslated region. This drops ENaC currents to 26 +/- 9% of baseline. These data predict that prostasin is a major regulator of ENaC-mediated Na+ current in DeltaF508 cystic fibrosis epithelia and suggest that airway prostasin is a target for therapeutic inhibition to normalize ion current in cystic fibrosis airway.
[Ipilimumab, a new molecular targetted therapy of malignant neoplastic disease]. (2011)

Ipilimumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds to CTLA-4(cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4). It is intended to be used as a drug to activate the immune system by binding to CTLA-4, which suppresses T-cells in natural immune responses. Recently, a phase III , multi-center, randomized, double-blind, clinical study showed an improvement in over-all/progression-free survival in patients with advanced melanomas. Ipilimumab is undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC), small cell lung cancer(SCLC)and metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer, as well as other neoplastic diseases.
Free‐radical polymerization of vinylferrocene. II. Spectroscopic and physical properties (1976)

Abstract The spectroscopic and physical properties of poly(vinylferrocene) prepared by free‐radical polymerization in benzene are discussed. The results obtained in these studies are in accord with the kinetic analysis of the polymerization reactions in benzene. ESR spectroscopy shows that the polymer is paramagnetic and contains a species which is identified by Mössbauer spectroscopy as an ionically bound complex of Fe(III) in a high spin (3 d 5 ) configuration. The concentration of this species is shown to be dependent upon kinetic parameters. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show that the polymer does not contain any oxidized ferromagnetic impurities. Infrared spectroscopy indicates that the polymer contains vinylidene groups. The presence of these groups is explained by chain transfer to monomer followed by reinitiation. Ultraviolet spectroscopy also suggests the presence of unsaturation in the polymer. Gel‐permeation chromatography indicates that poly(vinylferrocene) is branched even at low conversions. The effect of transfer reactions and the intramolecular electron transfer termination of the chain radical on the structure of poly(vinylferrocene) is discussed. The glass transition temperature and thermal stability of the polymer are also examined.
NGraph: Parallel Graph Processing in Hybrid Memory Systems (2019)

Big data applications like graph processing are highly imposed on memory capacity. Byte-addressable non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies can offer much larger memory capacity, lower cost per bit relative to traditional DRAM. They are expected to play a crucial role in mitigating I/O operations for big data processing. However, since the NVMs show higher access latency and lower bandwidth compared with DRAM, it is still challenging to fully exploit the advantages of both the DRAM and NVM for graph processing. In this paper, we propose NGraph, a new parallel graph processing framework specially designed for hybrid memory systems. According to different access patterns of graph data, NGraph exploits memory heterogeneity-aware data placement strategies to avoid random accesses and frequent updates to NVM. NGraph partitions graph by destination vertices and exploits a task decomposition scheme to avoid data contention between multicores. Meanwhile, the NGraph balances the execution time of parallel graph data processing on multicores through a work-stealing strategy. Moreover, the NGraph also proposes software-based data pre-fetching to improve cache hit rate, and supports huge page to reduce address translation overhead. We evaluate NGraph using a hybrid memory emulator. The experimental results show that NGraph can achieve up to 48.28% performance improvement for several typical benchmarks compared with the state-of-the-art systems Ligra and Polymer.