gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE PREPARATION OF IODIC ACID AND ITS ANHYDRIDE.<sup>1</sup> (1920)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE PREPARATION OF IODIC ACID AND ITS ANHYDRIDE.1Arthur B. Lamb, William C. Bray, and Walter J. GeldardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1920, 42, 8, 1636–1648Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1920Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1920https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01453a014Request reuse permissionsArticle Views336Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Use of Nebulized Antibiotics for Acute Infections in Chronic Sinusitis (2002)

A novel therapy for acute sinus infections in patients with chronic sinusitis and previous endoscopic sinus surgery is presented.
PHAST: A Fast Phage Search Tool (2011)

PHAge Search Tool (PHAST) is a web server designed to rapidly and accurately identify, annotate and graphically display prophage sequences within bacterial genomes or plasmids. It accepts either raw DNA sequence data or partially annotated GenBank formatted data and rapidly performs a number of database comparisons as well as phage 'cornerstone' feature identification steps to locate, annotate and display prophage sequences and prophage features. Relative to other prophage identification tools, PHAST is up to 40 times faster and up to 15% more sensitive. It is also able to process and annotate both raw DNA sequence data and Genbank files, provide richly annotated tables on prophage features and prophage 'quality' and distinguish between intact and incomplete prophage. PHAST also generates downloadable, high quality, interactive graphics that display all identified prophage components in both circular and linear genomic views. PHAST is available at (http://phast.wishartlab.com).
Theory of emission from an active photonic lattice (2006)

The emission from a radiating source embedded in a photonic lattice is calculated. The analysis considers the photonic lattice and free space as a combined system. Furthermore, the radiating source and electromagnetic field are quantized. Results show the deviation of the photonic lattice spectrum from the blackbody distribution, with intracavity emission suppressed at certain frequencies and enhanced at others. In the presence of rapid population relaxation, where the photonic lattice and blackbody populations are described by the same equilibrium distribution, it is found that the enhancement does not result in output intensity exceeding that of the blackbody at the same frequency. However, for slow population relaxation, the photonic lattice population has a greater tendency to deviate from thermal equilibrium, resulting in output intensities exceeding those of the blackbody, even for identically pumped structures.
Evidence for Dual Effects of DNA-Reactive Bile Acid Derivatives (Bamets) on Hepatitis B Virus Life Cycle in an<i>In Vitro</i>Replicative System (2002)

A liver targeting strategy to direct antiviral drugs toward hepatitis B virus (HBV) was investigated. As model drugs we used cisplatin-bile acid derivatives (Bamets) to determine the production of virions by HBV-transfected hepatoblastoma cells (HepG2 2.2.15). Drug uptake was determined using flameless atomic absorption spectrometry to measure platinum cell contents. Cytotoxic effect was determined by formazan formation and neutral red uptake tests. The release of viral surface protein was evaluated by ELISA. The abundance of HBV-DNA in the medium was determined by quantitative real-time PCR and its structure by Southern blot analysis. The uptake of Bamets by HepG2 2.2.15 cells was higher than that of cisplatin. At concentrations lower than 10 microM, distinct Bamets have no toxic effect on host cells, whereas cisplatin dramatically reduced cell viability at concentrations higher than 1 microM. All the drugs tested inhibited the release of viral proteins to the medium, but induced a marked and progressive dose-dependent increase in the amount of viral DNA in the medium. This was mainly due to the release of short fragments of HBV-DNA in the case of cisplatin. On the contrary, Bamets induced an enhanced release of circular forms of HBV-DNA. These findings suggest the existence of a dual effect of Bamets on HBV life-cycle by enhancing the production of DNA replicative intermediates but reducing the secretion of complete virions. Altogether these characteristics recommend consideration of these compounds as a useful experimental tool in the investigation of novel liver targeted therapeutic agents based on bile acid derivatives for the treatment of HBV infections, or to carry out further studies on the HBV life cycle.
A lambda calculus of objects and method specialization (2002)

An untyped lambda calculus, extended with object primitives that reflect the capabilities of so-called delegation-based object-oriented languages, is presented. A type inference system allows static detection of errors, such as message not understood, while at the same time allowing the type of an inherited method to be specialized to the type of the inheriting object. Type soundness, in the form of a subject-reduction theorem, is proved, and examples illustrating the expressiveness of the pure calculus are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Monitoring Carboplatin Concentrations in Saliva (1995)

There is an increasing interest in using saliva as a biological matrix for drug monitoring, because it can be obtained by a noninvasive and patient-friendly means. In this article we describe our experience with respect to the practical use of saliva for pharmacokinetic monitoring of the anticancer agent carboplatin. Plasma ultrafiltrate (pUF), unstimulated, and citric acid-stimulated saliva samples were obtained from 17 patients receiving 175-350 mg/m2 carboplatin in different combination regimens. Platinum concentrations of carboplatin were determined by using a validated Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometric method. Carboplatin was detectable both in saliva and in pUF for at least 24 h after intravenous administration. Maximum concentrations in saliva ranged between 0.13 and 1.15 mg/L and were reached approximately 1.3 h (range 0-3.8 h) after the end of the infusion. The ratios of carboplatin levels in pUF and saliva were time dependent and patient dependent. The ratios of the clinically relevant carboplatin area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) in pUF and saliva varied between 11 and 150 (mean 45). Based on this large variation, we conclude that in this setup, saliva drug concentrations are not a reliable replacement for carboplatin analysis in pUF.
Adaptive Design Optimization: A Mutual Information-Based Approach to Model Discrimination in Cognitive Science (2009)

Discriminating among competing statistical models is a pressing issue for many experimentalists in the field of cognitive science. Resolving this issue begins with designing maximally informative experiments. To this end, the problem to be solved in adaptive design optimization is identifying experimental designs under which one can infer the underlying model in the fewest possible steps. When the models under consideration are nonlinear, as is often the case in cognitive science, this problem can be impossible to solve analytically without simplifying assumptions. However, as we show in this letter, a full solution can be found numerically with the help of a Bayesian computational trick derived from the statistics literature, which recasts the problem as a probability density simulation in which the optimal design is the mode of the density. We use a utility function based on mutual information and give three intuitive interpretations of the utility function in terms of Bayesian posterior estimates. As a proof of concept, we offer a simple example application to an experiment on memory retention.
Amplification of Bacterial DNA Using Highly Conserved Sequences: Automated Analysis and Potential for Molecular Triage of Sepsis (1995)

We conclude that a single primer pair designed to anneal to a highly conserved region of bacterial DNA can amplify DNA specimens from a variety of different bacteria, while not amplifying human DNA. Such a molecular genetics approach can be fully automated with existing robotic technology. Because of speed, sensitivity, and cost, molecular triage of patients with signs and symptoms of possible bacterial infection will decrease morbidity and mortality among those with unrecognized bacteremia who are managed as outpatients, and will dramatically reduce hospital expenses from individuals who are admitted and are not bacteremic.
Changes in subcellular distribution of pituitary receptors for luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) after treatment with the LH-RH antagonist cetrorelix (2002)

Treatment with antagonists of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) leads to down-regulation of pituitary LH-RH receptors. Thus, the effect of LH-RH antagonists is similar to that of the LH-RH agonists, but the mode of action of antagonists is not completely understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of LH-RH antagonist cetrorelix on the binding characteristics and subcellular localization of receptors for LH-RH in rat pituitaries. Radioligand binding studies, performed after in vitro desaturation, revealed that a single s.c. injection of cetrorelix at a dose of 100 microg per rat significantly decreased the number of pituitary membrane receptors for LH-RH in a time-dependent manner with the nadir occurring at 6 h. In contrast, 2-6 h after cetrorelix treatment, the concentration of binding sites for LH-RH in the nuclei of rat pituitaries was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than in controls. Chronic administration of cetrorelix also decreased the level of membrane receptors for LH-RH by 83% (P < 0.01) after 7 days, and 86% (P < 0.01) after 14 days. The number of LH-RH binding sites in the nuclear pellet was increased 3-fold (P < 0.01) by days 7 and 14 after the initiation of treatment with cetrorelix. A single injection or prolonged treatment with LH-RH antagonist also decreased the mRNA expression of pituitary receptors for LH-RH. Our results demonstrate that the down-regulation of LH-RH receptors on the cell membranes of rat pituitaries after therapy with antagonist cetrorelix is associated with an increase in receptor concentration in the nuclei. These phenomena could be related to the internalization and subcellular translocation of LH-RH receptors.
SCADA/HMI Systems in Advanced Educational Courses (2007)

This paper gives a detailed description of some laboratory practices about Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA)/Human to Machine Interface (HMI) systems developed for didactic purposes for various undergraduate courses at 1st Engineering Faculty of Polytechnic of Bari, Department of Electrics and Electronics, Italy. They consider the use of National Instruments' LabVIEW <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TM</sup> with the associated Datalogging and Supervisory Control Toolset (DSC) to develop the SCADA/HMI section (operator's interface and datalogging) of a software simulated industrial plant consisting of a vessel with charge and discharge proportional valves, a heating/cooling element, a level sensor and two flow rate sensors. The control of this plant can be done in two different ways, according to the difficulty level of the practice: by way of a LabVIEW Virtual Instrument (VI, the common name identifying LabVIEW programs) or by way of a ladder program written with RSLogix 500 and emulated by RSLogix Emulate 500 (both are Rockwell Software's products, the first being the ladder code development environment for SLC500 family of industrial programmable logic controllers (PLCs) from Allen Bradley and the second being the related software emulator)
<title>Two-image photometric stereo method</title> (1992)

In the photometric stereo method, the surface orientation of an object is determined by using multiple images (at least three images). The multiple images are obtained by changing the position of a light source, and the surface orientation of the object can be determined only in the area of the object illuminated by all light sources. So it is desirable that the number of light sources should be reduced. We propose a method for determining surface orientation along with reflectance, in which only two light sources are used. It is assumed that an object is convex and has a smooth Lambertian surface with locally constant reflectance. We have found the following: there exists a 'separation line' in the image, along which the surface normal is represented as a linear combination of two vectors pointing toward the direction of light sources, and the separation line separates the surface into two regions. Not only when the reflectance is known, but even though the reflectance is unknown, we can determine the surface orientation of the object using the property of the separation line. Here we use the constraint of convexity. Simulations carried out under various situations yielded satisfactory results.
Characterization of a novel differentiation antigen complex recognize by a monoclonal antibody (A-1A5): unique activation-specific molecular forms on stimulated T cells. (1983)

By using a single monoclonal antibody, a novel glycoprotein complex composed of at least three distinct bands was defined on the surface of mitogen- or alloantigen-stimulated T cells. These bands (210,000, 165,000, and 130,000 Mr) were not disulfide linked and could be radio-labeled with 125I or 35S-methionine and readily detected by immunoprecipitation with the monoclonal antibody A-1A5. Only approximately 20% of normal T cells (E rosette positive) and approximately 47% non-T cells (E rosette negative) were reactive with A-1A5. However, upon activation of T cells, the amount of A-1A5 binding per cell and the percentage of positive cells significantly increased. This increase was most pronounced in the activated cell subpopulations currently undergoing cell division (S, G2, and M phases), which became 79% A-1A5 positive (after PHA stimulation) and 99% A-1A5 positive (in long-term culture with alloantigen and IL2). Resting lymphocytes contained only the 130,000 Mr band reactive with A-1A5. The two other bands (210,000 and 165,000 Mr) were markers for T cell activation and only appeared several days after T cell stimulation and became especially prominent after the addition of exogenous IL 2. All T lymphoblastoid cell lines tested expressed at least the lower bands (130,000 Mr), and the T cell line HSB also expressed one of the activation-related larger proteins (165,000 Mr). B lymphoblastoid cell lines expressed only a very weak lower band (130,000 Mr), and the cell line U-937 (in the monocyte-macrophage lineage) expressed only a single band (145,000 Mr) not aligned with any of the bands found on lymphoid cells. The estimated number of A-1A5 binding sites per cell was much higher on U-937 (11 X 10(5)), and generally higher on other cell lines of myeloid lineage (1 to 4 X 10(5)) than on lymphoid cell lines (0.2 to 1.3 X 10(5)).
The challenge of designing global signals in UDSM CMOS (2003)

This paper describes several of the challenges facing designers of global signals in high-performance, ultra-deep submicron (UDSM) CMOS designs. Practical guidelines and a building block approach are presented to solve or avoid problems with global signals as the technology shrinks to 0.25 micron and below. Power distribution is also treated as a global signal. Guidelines are presented for estimation, planning and implementation of global signals. The objective is to present a methodology that will provide a sound foundation for building systems-on-a-chip and resolve methodology and modeling issues early in the design cycle.
Peptidoglycan Crosslinking Relaxation Plays an Important Role in Staphylococcus aureus WalKR-Dependent Cell Viability (2011)

The WalKR two-component system is essential for viability of Staphylococcus aureus, a major pathogen. We have shown that WalKR acts as the master controller of peptidoglycan metabolism, yet none of the identified regulon genes explain its requirement for cell viability. Transmission electron micrographs revealed cell wall thickening and aberrant division septa in the absence of WalKR, suggesting its requirement may be linked to its role in coordinating cell wall metabolism and cell division. We therefore tested whether uncoupling autolysin gene expression from WalKR-dependent regulation could compensate for its essential nature. Uncoupled expression of genes encoding lytic transglycosylases or amidases did not restore growth to a WalKR-depleted strain. We identified only two WalKR-regulon genes whose expression restored cell viability in the absence of WalKR: lytM and ssaA. Neither of these two genes are essential under our conditions and a ΔlytM ΔssaA mutant does not present any growth defect. LytM is a glycyl-glycyl endopeptidase, hydrolyzing the pentaglycine interpeptide crossbridge, and SsaA belongs to the CHAP amidase family, members of which such as LysK and LytA have been shown to have D-alanyl-glycyl endopeptidase activity, cleaving between the crossbridge and the stem peptide. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that peptidoglycan crosslinking relaxation through crossbridge hydrolysis plays a crucial role in the essential requirement of the WalKR system for cell viability.
CD99 Acts as an Oncosuppressor in Osteosarcoma (2006)

CD99 was recently reported to be under control of the osteoblast-specific transcription factor Cbfa1 (RUNX2) in osteoblasts, suggesting a role in the phato-physiology of these cells. No extensive information is available on the role(s) of this molecule in malignant phenotype, and osteosarcoma, in particular, has never been studied. We report that in 11 different cell lines and 17 clinical samples CD99 expression is either undetectable or very low. Being expressed in the normal counterpart, we tested the hypothesis that CD99 down-regulation may have a role in osteosarcoma development and progression. CD99-forced expression in two osteosarcoma cell lines significantly reduced resistance to anoikis, inhibited growth in anchorage independence as well as cell migration, and led to abrogation of tumorigenic and metastatic ability. Therefore, the molecule acts as a potent suppressor of malignancy in osteosarcoma. CD99 gene transfection induces caveolin-1 up-regulation and the two molecules were found to colocalize on the cell surface. Treatment with antisense oligonucleotides to caveolin-1 abrogates the effects of CD99 on migration. The findings point to an antioncogenic role for CD99 in osteosarcoma, likely through the regulation of caveolin-1 and inhibition of c-Src kinase activity.
Virtualization techniques for embedded systems (2006)

Like existing commodity computer systems, embedded systems are no more small, static, stable nor safe. They have huge amount of source codes, interact with the internet, download and install applications from external, which incur the increase of bugs and security holes. To solve these problems, we propose to leverage virtualization techniques on embedded systems. We ported a machine emulator supporting various architectures to run on a microkernel that runs on several architectures. In this paper, we discuss benefits of using virtualization techniques on embedded system, introduce the implementation and the evaluation of a machine emulator running on a microkernel, and discuss some issues using our system on embedded systems. 1.
Prices of Single Family Homes Since 1970: New Indexes for Four Cities (1987)

This paper uses data on nearly a million homes sold in four metropolitan areas --Atlanta, Chicago, Dallas and San Francisco --to construct quarterly indexes of existing home prices between 1970 and 1986. We propose and apply a new method of constructing such indexes which we call the weighted repeat sales method (WRS). We believe the results give an accurate picture of the actual rate of appreciation in home prices in the four cities. The paper explains the construction of the index, discusses the results and compares them with the National Association of Realtors data on the median price of existing single family homes for the period 1981 -1986.
An implementation of the generalized stack algorithm using a partially sorting algorithm (2002)

The generalized stack algorithm GSA (L, K), where L denotes the number of branches per state and K the number of extended paths, is a tree or trellis search algorithm combining a metric-first and a breadth-first strategy. The GSA is applied in the equalization of signals disturbed by noise and intersymbol interference (ISI) and in the decoding of convolutional codes. For wide trellises it is not useful to implement a Viterbi algorithm (VA), as the complexity of the VA raises exponentially to the width of the trellis. The GSA follows only C paths (with normally C/spl Gt/K), where C is the capacity of the path memory and the complexity of the GSA increases much less than that of the VA. Instead of it, the GSA requires a sorting device, which is rather expensive. Additionally the number of paths varies during the detection process and the paths have different time indices. Extracting and inserting few paths from a more or less sorted path memory disturbs the order only slightly. So we need only little rearranging effort for the path memory. This paper presents a suitable sorting structure for the GSA for a large path number. The structure exploits the inherent parallelism by a new sorting scheme called extended systolic priority queue (ESPQ). It provides a faster sorting than previous designs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Self-Heating Effects in a BiCMOS on SOI Technology for RFIC Applications (2005)

Self-heating in a 0.25 /spl mu/m BiCMOS technology with different isolation structures, including shallow and deep trenches on bulk and silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates, is characterized experimentally. Thermal resistance values for single- and multifinger emitter devices are extracted and compared to results obtained from two-dimensional, fully coupled electrothermal simulations. The difference in thermal resistance between the investigated isolation structures becomes more important for transistors with a small aspect ratio, i.e., short emitter length. The influence of thermal boundary conditions, including the substrate thermal resistance, the thermal resistance of the first metallization/via layer, and the simulation structure width is investigated. In the device with full dielectric isolation-deep polysilicon-filled trenches on an SOI substrate-accurate modeling of the heat flow in the metallization is found to be crucial. Furthermore, the simulated structure must be made wide enough to account for the large heat flow in the lateral direction.