gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Not All Body Scanning Measurements Are Valid: Perspectives from Pattern Practice (2017)

To assume all body scanning measurements are valid for apparel product development is wrong. While human measurement forms the basis for product development and body scanning represents a significant development in the collection of human measurements [1], a distinction must be drawn between measurements suitable for product development (pattern cutting) and those required for the creation of sizing systems. The application of body scanning has largely focused on sizing surveys [2], the standards used in developing the technology are tailored toward surveys [3], [4] and subsequently measurements are often not defined in a manner suitable to developing products. This research began with analysis of product development practices and body scanning outputs to determine the suitability of body scanning to support existing methods of product development. Six methods of pattern development, established from previous research to represent the variation of approaches [5]-[7] were selected, the measurements required for these methods were compared to measurement outputs from both a Size Stream and [TC] 2 body scanner. Further analysis was made regarding the development of custom measurements for each scan system, to see if extra measurements could be defined to match those required or enhance the data used to drive the draft process. Whilst there are promising developments in automated pattern creation [8], [9], there is little existing theory or clear understanding of pattern to person relationships to enable the full realization and embedding of these systems. As well as understanding the suitability of scan measurements for pattern development, this research also recommends further measurements which may improve the patterns' ability to accord with the individual size, shape and proportion of the wearer. This research shows that there are a range of measurements used for pattern making and these are not all available from existing body scanning systems. Key landmarks and measurements are identified and this research shows how body scanning technology can be developed to support existing and developing methods of pattern development.
Receptor Inhibition of Pheromone Signaling Is Mediated by the Ste4p G <sub>β</sub> Subunit (1999)

The pheromone response pathway of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is initiated in MATa cells by binding of alpha-factor to the alpha-factor receptor. MATa cells in which the a-factor receptor is inappropriately expressed exhibit reduced pheromone signaling, a phenomenon termed receptor inhibition. In cells undergoing receptor inhibition, activation of the signaling pathway occurs normally at early time points but decreases after prolonged exposure to pheromone. Mutations that suppress the effects of receptor inhibition were obtained in the STE4 gene, which encodes the beta-subunit of the G protein that transmits the pheromone response signal. These mutations mapped to the N terminus and second WD repeat of Ste4p in regions that are not part of its Galpha binding surface. A STE4 allele containing several of these mutations, called STE4(SD13), reversed the signaling defect seen at late times in cells undergoing receptor inhibition but had no effect on the basal activity of the pathway. Moreover, the signaling properties of STE4(SD13) were indistinguishable from those of STE4 in wild-type MATa and MATalpha cells. These results demonstrate that the effect of the STE4(SD13) allele is specific to the receptor inhibition function of STE4. STE4(SD13) suppressed the signaling defect conferred by receptor inhibition in a MATa strain containing a deletion of GPA1, the G protein alpha-subunit gene; however, STE4(SD13) had no effect in a MATalpha strain containing a GPA1 deletion. Suppression of receptor inhibition by STE4(SD13) in a MATa strain containing a GPA1 deletion was unaffected by deletion of STE2, the alpha-factor receptor gene. The results presented here are consistent with a model in which an a-specific gene product other than Ste2p detects the presence of the a-factor receptor and blocks signaling by inhibiting the function of Ste4p.
Translocation of Dimeric IgA through Neoplastic Colon Cells <i>in Vitro</i> (1979)

We studied the translocation of dimeric IgA across epithelium, using neoplastic human colon cells in culture as a source of epithelial cells, and immunoelectronmicroscopy with peroxidase-labeled antigens and antibodies. The cells had some of the ultrastructural characteristics of normal, mature epithelial cells, i.e., polarity, desmosomal junctions, and secretory component on their basal and lateral plasma membranes. Horseradish peroxidase-labeled dimeric IgA, exposed to the cells at 0 degrees C, bound selectively to secretory component on the cell surfaces. At 37 degrees C, the bound dimeric IgA was taken into the cells by endocytosis and transported apically through the cytoplasm in vesicles. After 30 min, IgA was discharged across the apical surface. Neither colchicine (10(-4) M) nor cytochalasin B (10(-5) M) interfered with binding or endocytosis of dimeric IgA, but colchicine inhibited intracellular transport of the IgA-containing vesicles. These experiments demonstrated that dimeric IgA can be transported through living intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. The transport includes 1) specific binding of IgA dimers to secretory component on plasma membranes, 2) endocytosis of IgA in vesicles, 3) transcytoplasmic transport of the IgA-containing vesicles by a process involving microtubules, and 4) discharge of IgA at the apical surfaces.
The structure of a complete phytochrome sensory module in the Pr ground state (2008)

Phytochromes are red/far-red photochromic biliprotein photoreceptors, which in plants regulate seed germination, stem extension, flowering time, and many other light effects. However, the structure/functional basis of the phytochrome photoswitch is still unclear. Here, we report the ground state structure of the complete sensory module of Cph1 phytochrome from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803. Although the phycocyanobilin (PCB) chromophore is attached to Cys-259 as expected, paralleling the situation in plant phytochromes but contrasting to that in bacteriophytochromes, the ZZZssa conformation does not correspond to that expected from Raman spectroscopy. We show that the PHY domain, previously considered unique to phytochromes, is structurally a member of the GAF (cGMP phosphodiesterase/adenylyl cyclase/FhlA) family. Indeed, the tandem-GAF dumbbell revealed for phytochrome sensory modules is remarkably similar to the regulatory domains of cyclic nucleotide (cNMP) phosphodiesterases and adenylyl cyclases. A unique feature of the phytochrome structure is a long, tongue-like protrusion from the PHY domain that seals the chromophore pocket and stabilizes the photoactivated far-red-absorbing state (Pfr). The tongue carries a conserved PRxSF motif, from which an arginine finger points into the chromophore pocket close to ring D forming a salt bridge with a conserved aspartate residue. The structure that we present provides a framework for light-driven signal transmission in phytochromes.
An Unsupervised Real-Time Framework of Human Pose Tracking From Range Image Sequences (2019)

Pose tracking from range image sequences remains a difficult task due to strong noise and serious self-occlusion of human body. Existing work either rely on extremely large and precisely annotated datasets, or rely on accurate human mesh model and GPU acceleration. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised real-time framework of pose tracking from range image sequences. Our framework consists of a visible hybrid model (VHM), a componentwise correspondence optimization (CCO) and a dynamic database lookup (DDL). VHM consists of component sphere sets and component visible spherical point sets which exhibits both simplicity and high accuracy. CCO converts the matching between VHM and input point cloud into several subproblems regarding local rotations of components and a global translation of body abdominal joint, each of which has an efficient closed form solution. DDL is designed to recover correct pose when tracking fails, which effectively mitigates accumulative error during tracking. Experiments on SMMC, PDT, EVAL datasets indicate that our framework not only achieves better or competitive precision compared with state-of-the-art methods, but also produces real-time efficiency in personal computers without GPU acceleration.
Structural Basis of the Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Physiological Inhibitors, the Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases (2003)

The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) constitute a family of multidomain zinc endopeptidases with a metzincin-like catalytic domain, which are involved in extracellular matrix degradation but also in a number of other important biological processes. Under healthy conditions, their proteolytic activity is precisely regulated by their main endogenous protein inhibitors, the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases. Disruption of this balance results in pathophysiological processes such as arthritis, tumor growth and metastasis, rendering the MMPs attractive targets for inhibition therapy. Knowledge of their tertiary structures is crucial for a full understanding of their functional properties and for rational drug design. Since the first appearance of atomic MMP structures in 1994, a large amount of structural information has become available on the catalytic domains of MMPs and their substrate specificity, interaction with synthetic inhibitors and the TIMPs, the domain organization, and on complex formation with other proteins. This review will outline our current structural knowledge of the MMPs and the TIMPs.
Initial dosimetric evaluation of SmartArc – a novel VMAT treatment planning module implemented in a multi‐vendor delivery chain (2010)

We performed an initial dosimetric evaluation of SmartArc - a novel VMAT planning module for Philips Pinnacle treatment planning system. A test suite of structure sets and dose objectives provided by the AAPM for multi-institutional comparison of IMRT dosimetry was used. A total of fifty plans were successfully delivered. The effect of control point spacing on dosimetric accuracy was investigated. When calculated with the 4 masculine spacing, the overall mean point dose errors measured with an ion chamber were 0.5+/-1.4 and -0.3+/-1.4% for the PTV and OAR, respectively. The gamma(3%,3mm) passing rate, measured for absolute dose with a biplanar diode array, was 98.2+/-1.6% (range 94.5-99.9%). Ninety percent of the passing rate values were above 97.7%. With the 6 masculine control point spacing, the highly modulated plans exhibited large dosimetric errors, while the results were still acceptable for the simpler cases. The data show that the practical accuracy of the small-arc approximation, which is at the heart of VMAT dose calculations, depends not only on the control point spacing, but also on the size and relative position of the MLC openings corresponding to the consecutive control points. The effect of the minimum allowed separation between the opposing leaves was found to be minimal. It appears that 4 masculine control point spacing may be a good compromise between calculation speed and accuracy. However each institution is encouraged to establish its own treatment planning guidelines based on the case complexity and acceptable error level.
Characterizing the elastic properties of tissues (2011)

The quality of life of ageing populations is increasingly determined by age-related changes to the mechanical properties of numerous biological tissues. Degradation and mechanical failure of these tissues has a profound effect on human morbidity and mortality. Soft tissues have complex and intricate structures and, similar to engineering materials, their mechanical properties are controlled by their microstructure. Thus age-relate changes in mechanical behavior are determined by changes in the properties and relative quantities of microstructural tissue components. This review focuses on the cardiovascular system; it discusses the techniques used both in vivo and ex vivo to determine the age-related changes in the mechanical properties of arteries.
Optically controlled microwave devices and circuits: Emerging applications in space communications systems (1987)

Optical control of microwave devices and circuits by an optical fiber has the potential to simplify signal distribution networks in high frequency communications systems. The optical response of two terminal and three terminal (GaAs MESFET, HEMT, PBT) microwave devices are compared and several schemes for controlling such devices by modulated optical signals examined. Monolithic integration of optical and microwave functions on a single semiconductor substrate is considered to provide low power, low loss, and reliable digital and analog optical links for signal distribution.
The role of calcium antagonists in ischaemic heart disease (1995)

Calcium antagonists are well accepted in the prevention of ischaemia in patients with chronic stable angina, unstable angina, variant angina, and silent ischaemia, and in the treatment of hypertension. Although all of these compounds increase myocardial oxygen supply by reducing coronary tone and decrease myocardial oxygen demand by reducing systolic pressure and myocardial contractility, the magnitude of these effects may differ from one agent to another. Some calcium antagonists, such as verapamil and diltiazem, reduce heart rate and attenuate heart rate increases in response to stress, while in contrast, dihydropyridine calcium antagonists such as nifedipine may cause reflex increases in heart rate. These differences may be of importance in light of epidemiologic evidence that lower heart rates are associated with a reduced long-term risk of cardiovascular mortality, and experimental data showing that a lower heart rate may protect against the development of atherosclerosis. Calcium antagonists also inhibit platelet aggregation and thrombus formation which may contribute to their anti-ischaemic effects. Clinical trial data suggest that calcium antagonists may stay the progression of atherosclerosis. Mechanisms underlying an anti-atherosclerotic effect may include attenuation of endothelial dysfunction, prevention of LDL, peroxidation, stimulation of LDL receptor activity, inhibition of superoxide radical generation, and inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell growth. Heart-rate-controlling calcium antagonists, such as verapamil and diltiazem, may reduce reinfarction rates following acute myocardial infarction and thus may have a role in post-infarction patients who do not show evidence of heart failure. Their use in heart failure patients receiving an angiotension-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) is under investigation in several large trials. Because calcium antagonists have a mechanism of action different from ACE-I, the pairing of a heart-rate-controlling calcium antagonist with an ACE-I might be expected to offer additive cardioprotective and vascular protective effects.
InterBase: an execution environment for heterogeneous software systems (1993)

The InterBase system, which integrates preexisting systems over a distributed, autonomous, and heterogeneous environment using a tool-based interface, is described. It supports heterogeneous applications without violating the local autonomy of component systems. The InterBase system locates and starts remote services, transfers and transforms data among different services, manages failures, and controls parallelism between multiple global applications running concurrently. InterBase also uses remote system interfaces (RSIs), which are superimposed on each software resource, to deal with the problem of heterogeneity. The RSIs transform commands and data between global applications and various software resources, forming a homogeneous interface to heterogeneous software resources.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Combining Conceptual Clustering and Principal Component Analysis for State Space Based Process Monitoring (1999)

Multivariate statistics and unsupervised machine learning have recently been studied by many researchers for process monitoring and fault diagnosis. These approaches often depend on calculating a similarity or distance measure to group data sets into clusters. Apart from giving predictions, they are not able to give causal explanations on why a specific set of data is assigned to a particular cluster. In this work, a conceptual clustering approach is presented for designing state space based monitoring systems, which is able to generate conceptual knowledge on the major variables which are responsible for clustering, as well as projecting the operation to a specific operational state. A critical issue in this approach is how to conceptually represent dynamic trend signals. For this purpose, principal component analysis is used for concept extraction from real-time dynamic trend signals. The method is introduced using a continuous stirred tank reactor as a case study. Application of the approach to a refinery methyl tert-butyl ether process is also presented.
Intramolecular Processing of Prothermolysin (1998)

Thermolysin, an extracellular zinc endopeptidase from Bacillus thermoproteolyticus, is synthesized as a pre-proenzyme and the prosequence has been shown to assist the refolding of the denatured enzyme in vitro and to inhibit enzyme activity (O'Donohue, M. J., and Beaumont, A. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 26477-26481). To determine whether prosequence cleavage from the mature enzyme is autocatalytic and if so, whether it is an intermolecular or intramolecular process, N-terminal histidine-tagged prothermolysin was expressed in Escherichia coli. Although partial processing to mature enzyme occurred, most of the proenzyme was recovered intact from inclusion bodies. This was then solubilized in guanidinium hydrochloride, immobilized on a cobalt-containing resin, and after dialysis against renaturation buffer, was quantitatively transformed to mature enzyme. However, when a mutation was introduced into the mature sequence to inactivate thermolysin, the proenzyme was not processed either in vivo or in vitro. In addition, mutated prothermolysin was not processed by exogenous thermolysin under a variety of experimental conditions. The results demonstrate that thermolysin maturation can proceed via an autocatalytic intramolecular pathway.
Extracting statistical data from free-form text (1986)

The authors describe a method for processing free-form text files. The method consists of segregating and separating four physically and logically identifiable regions. The four regions are postprocessed to update three history files that contain information about manufactured products over a period of time. The technique used in processing such files falls under the general category of data segregation and character recognition. It involves the use of logical and mathematical operations in recognizing region boundaries and types of data fields and establishing uniqueness in name recognition. Hashing methods are used, combined with logical matrix multiplication in updating the history files. Sparse formats are used to store multiple large arrays on disks, reducing storage requirements by more than a factor of two. The techniques are implemented using multiprogramming environments in an automated system.
Composite Materials: Fatigue and Fracture, Second Volume (1989)

Description Important and useful information on concerning fatigue and fracture of composite materials. Majority of papers deal with composite systems of thermosetting epoxies. Some attention to more recent thermoplastic systems. Section headings: Fatigue and Damage Growth; Models and Analysis; Delamination; and Structural Aspects.
Heat shock proteins: an autoprotective mechanism for inflammatory cells? (1991)

Heat shock/stress proteins are synthesized in all cell types under a variety of stressful conditions. Stress associated with ongoing inflammation relates, at least in part, to toxic products locally generated by cells accumulating in the inflamed tissue and organ. These products include oxygen free radicals, cytokines, proteases, chemotactic factors and, in the particular case of the eosinophil, toxic basic proteins. The heat shock response in inflammatory cells appears to be specifically regulated by their own proinflammatory products (oxygen free radicals, cytokines) generated during physiological functions such as phagocytosis, during differentiation, or in certain pathological states such as inflammatory lung diseases. We suggest that in human monocytes-macrophages heat shock proteins belong to the autoprotective equipment against oxidative stress.
Selective energy supply to adsorbed water and nonclassical thermal process during microwave dehydration of zeolite (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective energy supply to adsorbed water and nonclassical thermal process during microwave dehydration of zeoliteGeorges Roussy and Philippe ChenotCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1981, 85, 15, 2199–2203Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150615a013https://doi.org/10.1021/j150615a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views197Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A 1mm<sup>2</sup> flip-chip SP3T switch and low noise amplifier RFIC FEM for 802.11b/g applications (2010)

This paper presents a 1mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> Cu pillar flip chip SP3T/LNA RFIC targeted for use in 802.11b/g front-ends. The SP3T switch enables WLAN transmit/receive and Bluetooth modes of operation. This switch exhibits 0.6dB insertion loss per branch and delivers 802.11g linear performance up to +21dBm output power. A single-stage LNA with a bypass mode is connected after the WLAN Rx branch to increase overall receiver sensitivity and dynamic range. The LNA achieved 1.9dB NF with a typical 11.5dB small-signal gain, including the switch loss. This die occupies only 25% of the footprint of similar existing QFN style WLAN front ends.