gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heart failure as an endpoint in heart failure and non-heart failure cardiovascular clinical trials: the need for a consensus definition (2008)

Specific criteria have been established to define the occurrence of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke in cardiovascular clinical trials, but there is not a consistent definition for heart failure. Heart failure events appear to occur at a rate that is similar to stroke and MI in trials of hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, and coronary heart disease, yet a consistent approach to defining heart failure events has not yet been realized. The wide range of definitions used in clinical trials makes it difficult to interpret new data in the context of existing literature. This inconsistency has led to challenges in determining the incidence of heart failure in cardiovascular studies and the effects of interventions on these endpoints. This paper examines issues related to defining heart failure events in cardiovascular clinical trials and presents a definition to formally address this issue.
Controlled aggregation behavior of thermoresponsive polymeric micelles by introducing hydrophilic segments as corona components (2018)

ABSTRACT Poly[ N ‐isopropylacrylamide‐ co ‐ N ‐(3‐methoxypropyl)acrylamide] ‐b‐ poly(D,L‐lactide) (P(IPAAm ‐co‐ MPAAm) ‐b‐ PLA) as a thermoresponsive block copolymer and PMPAAm‐ b ‐PLA as a nonthermoresponsive block copolymer were co‐ assembled into thermoresponsive polymeric micelles in water. In addition, PMPAAm ‐b‐ P(IPAAm ‐co‐ MPAAm) ‐b‐ PLA triblock copolymer was assembled to form thermoresponsive micelles with a hydrophilic layer on the outermost surface of the thermoresponsive corona. Using both micelles, we investigated the effects of introducing hydrophilic polymer segments on micellar aggregation behavior at temperatures above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the thermoresponsive micelles. Despite the external hydrophilic PMPAAm layer on PMPAAm ‐b‐ P(IPAAm ‐co‐ MPAAm) ‐b‐ PLA micelles, aggregation following dehydration of the thermoresponsive segments was not significantly suppressed at temperatures above the LCST due to the instability of the core‐corona state. In contrast, intermicellar aggregation was successfully controlled by blending P(IPAAm‐ co ‐MPAAm) and PMPAAm in the thermoresponsive corona region, even above the LCST. In particular, PMPAAm chains longer than the P(IPAAm‐ co ‐MPAAm) chains could regulate the hydrodynamic diameter of micellar aggregates at temperatures above the LCST. The micelles showed enhanced drug release rates in response to temperature changes above the LCST without precipitating from solution. These results indicated that a side‐by‐side structure of hydrophilic/thermoresponsive chains in the corona region could effectively control the micellar aggregation state after a thermal phase transition. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018 , 56 , 1695–1704
A high-speed CMOS circuit for 1.2-Gb/s 16*16 ATM switching (1992)

The authors describe a 0.7- mu m CMOS asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switch circuit of 350 K transistors, the kernel of a fully autonomous 16*16 ATM switching matrix devoted to telecommunications. This matrix is able to switch ATM multiplexes with a throughput of up to 1.2 Gb/s per access line, and was implemented using 16 receiver/transmitter circuits and a control circuit. The architecture of the ATM switch circuit is based on a large embedded and shared dual-access memory. Each chip processes 4-b slices of each incoming multiplex. Seven such chips working in parallel are enough to achieve standard ATM cell switching. Up-to-date test features, such as boundary scan, built-in self-test, and redundancy were implemented in the circuit.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hybrid online/offline optimization of Application Binaries (2004)

Long-running parallel applications suffer from performance limitations particularly due to inefficiencies in accessing memory. Dynamic optimizations, i.e., optimizations performed at execution time, provide opportunities not available at compile or link time to improve performance and remove bottlenecks for the current execution. In particular, they enable one to apply transformations to tune the performance for a particular execution instance. This can potentially include effects of the environment, input values as well as be able to optimize code from other sources like pre-compiled libraries and code from mixed-language sources. This thesis presents design and implementation of components of a dynamic optimizing system for long-running parallel applications that use dynamic binary rewriting. The system uses a hybrid online/offline model to collect a memory profile that guides the choice of functions to be optimized. We describe the design and implementation of a module that enables optimization of a desired function from the executable, i.e., without relying on the source code. We also present the module that enables hot swapping of code of an executing application. Dynamic binary rewriting is used to hot-swap the bottleneck function with an optimized function while the application is still executing. Binary manipulation is used in two ways - first to collect a memory profile through instrumentation to identify bottleneck functions and then to control hot-swapping of code using program transformation. We show experiments as a proof of concept for implementations of remaining components of the framework and for validation of existing modules.
Charles F. Lummis and Jack London: An Evaluation (1964)

Research Article| March 01 1964 Charles F. Lummis and Jack London: An Evaluation DUDLEY C. GORDON DUDLEY C. GORDON Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Southern California Quarterly (1964) 46 (1): 83–88. https://doi.org/10.2307/41169831 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation DUDLEY C. GORDON; Charles F. Lummis and Jack London: An Evaluation. Southern California Quarterly 1 March 1964; 46 (1): 83–88. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/41169831 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentSouthern California Quarterly Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright, 1964 The Historical Society of Southern California Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Variable narrowband transmission filters with a wide rejection band for spectrometry (2006)

Variable narrowband transmission filters are useful for the development of compact spectrometers. For this purpose the filter should be directly coupled to the detector and the wavelength of the transmission peak should move in one surface direction over a length of a few millimeters. To obtain both a wide measurement spectrum and high accuracy, the ratio of extreme operating wavelengths is required to be greater than 2:1 and the width of the transmission band narrower than 10 nm. A metal-dielectric variable transmission filter, with an operating range of 400-1000 nm, is proposed. The method for obtaining variable transmission filters, with dimensions of a few millimeters, is described.
Pharmacokinetics of rifabutin (1989)

We investigated the pharmacokinetics of rifabutin in 15 male patients as part of a phase I trial of the treatment of early symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection. Six or more patients were studied at each of four different oral dosage levels: 300, 600, 900, and 1,200 mg/day. Twelve studies were also conducted with tracer doses of intravenous radiolabeled [14C]rifabutin. Blood and urine samples were collected for at least 72 h after the first (day 1) and last (day 28) doses of rifabutin and analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The plasma concentration data were best described by a two-compartment open model with a terminal half-life of 36 h. Rifabutin was rapidly absorbed, reaching a peak concentration about 2 to 3 h after an oral dose. Peak and trough concentrations for the 1,200-mg dose were 907 and 194 ng/ml, respectively. Total body clearance was 10 to 18 liters/h. Oral bioavailability was 12 to 20%. The drug was moderately bound to plasma proteins with a free fraction of 29 +/- 2% (mean +/- standard deviation). About 10% of an administered intravenous dose of rifabutin is excreted into the urine unchanged. Renal clearance was 1.5 +/- 0.2 liters/h. The volume of distribution was large (8 to 9 liters/kg), suggesting extensive distribution into the tissues. The area under the curve for the last dose was smaller than that of the first dose, suggesting possible induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes.
Ein neuartiges Metallsuchgerät nach dem Pulsverfahren für große Geländeflachen mit elektronischer Objektanalyse und -auswahl (1968)

Article Ein neuartiges Metallsuchgerät nach dem Pulsverfahren für große Geländeflachen mit elektronischer Objektanalyse und -auswahl was published on October 1, 1968 in the journal Frequenz (volume 22, issue 10).
A high speed/power ratio continuous-time CMOS current comparator (2002)

Current comparator is a fundamental component of current-mode circuits. A new high-performance continuous-time CMOS current comparator is proposed in this paper, which comprises one CMOS complementary amplifier, two resistive-load amplifiers and two CMOS inverters. A MOS resistor is used as the CMOS complementary amplifier's negative feedback. Because the voltage swings of the CMOS complementary amplifier are reduced by low input and output resistances, the delay time of the current comparator is shortened. Its power consumption is reduced by the resistive-load amplifiers. Simulation results based on 1.2 /spl mu/m CMOS technology parameters show the speed/power ratio of this new current comparator is better than existing high-performance current comparators. Besides, the new current comparator occupies small area and is process-robust, so it is suitable for high-speed and low-power applications.
EVAM: an eigenvector-based algorithm for multichannel blind deconvolution of input colored signals (1995)

A new algorithm is proposed for the deconvolution of an unknown, possibly colored, Gaussian or nonstationary signal that is observed through two or more unknown channels described by rational system transfer functions. More specifically, not only the root (pole and zero) locations but also the orders of the channel transfer functions are unknown. It is assumed that the channel orders may be overestimated. The proposed algorithm estimates the orders and root locations of the channel transfer functions, therefore it can also be used in multichannel system identification problems. The input signal is allowed to be nonstationary and the channel transfer functions may be a nonminimum phase as well as noncausal, hence the proposed algorithm is particularly suitable for applications such as dereverberation of speech signals recorded through multiple microphones. Several experimental results indicate improvement compared to the existing methods in the literature.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
T Cell Regulation as a Side Effect of Homeostasis and Competition (2003)

We have previously hypothesized that maintaining a balanced peripheral immune system may not be the sole responsibility of a specialized subset of T cells dedicated to immune regulation, but also a side effect of normal competition for shared resources within an intact immune system. Here we show that regulatory activity is correlated with high homeostatic expansion potential, reflecting the avidity for self-peptide:MHC complexes. Monoclonal transgenic T cells with high homeostatic expansion potential and lacking characteristics previously associated with regulatory function were able to regulate wasting disease induced by transfer of a small number of naive CD45RB(hi) CD4 T cells into lymphopenic hosts. Self-regulatory function is also found in the naive polyclonal T cell repertoire depleted of CD25(+) T cells. T cells capable of preventing immune pathology, like the transgenic T cells, express higher than average levels of CD5, an indicator of avidity for self:MHC peptide complexes. We therefore propose that dysregulated expansion of potentially pathogenic T cells in a lymphopenic environment can be prevented by members of the naive T cell repertoire, irrespective of their specificity, as a side effect of their response to homeostatic and antigenic stimulation.
TNF-α induces osteoclastogenesis by direct stimulation of macrophages exposed to permissive levels of RANK ligand (2000)

While TNF-alpha is pivotal to the pathogenesis of inflammatory osteolysis, the means by which it recruits osteoclasts and promotes bone destruction are unknown. We find that a pure population of murine osteoclast precursors fails to undergo osteoclastogenesis when treated with TNF-alpha alone. In contrast, the cytokine dramatically stimulates differentiation in macrophages primed by less than one percent of the amount of RANKL (ligand for the receptor activator of NF-kappaB) required to induce osteoclast formation. Mirroring their synergistic effects on osteoclast differentiation, TNF-alpha and RANKL markedly potentiate NF-kappaB and stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase activity, two signaling pathways essential for osteoclastogenesis. In vivo administration of TNF-alpha prompts robust osteoclast formation in chimeric animals in which ss-galactosidase positive, TNF-responsive macrophages develop within a TNF-nonresponsive stromal environment. Thus, while TNF-alpha alone does not induce osteoclastogenesis, it does so both in vitro and in vivo by directly targeting macrophages within a stromal environment that expresses permissive levels of RANKL. Given the minuscule amount of RANKL sufficient to synergize with TNF-alpha to promote osteoclastogenesis, TNF-alpha appears to be a more convenient target in arresting inflammatory osteolysis.
Enzyme Encapsulation in Layer-by-Layer Engineered Polymer Multilayer Capsules (2000)

We report on the encapsulation of enzyme (catalase) by the controlled polymer multilayer coating of biocrystals, achieved by the sequential adsorption of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes onto enzyme crystal templates. An extremely high enzyme loading in each polymer capsule is obtained, and the activity of the encapsulated enzyme is preserved. The polymer-encapsulated enzyme is stable against protease degradation: The polymer-coated enzyme retains 100% of its activity after incubation for 100 min with protease, whereas uncoated, solubilized catalase loses more than 90% of its initial activity within 100 min under the same conditions. This simple, general, and versatile approach can potentially be applied for the encapsulation of various crystallized substances for catalysis and drug delivery applications.
Oxidative Stress Induces Apoptosis in HepG2 Cells (2008)

AIM: Direct exposure of cells to reactive oxygen species can induce apoptosis. In this study we investigate how oxidative stress induces cell death in HepG2 cells and characterize the molecular events involved. METHODS: Oxidative stress was created by exposing HepG2 cells to 2 mmol/L H2O2. Apoptosis was determined by analysis of DNA fragmentation by agarose gel electorphoresis. The mitochondrial membrane potential was analyzed using DePsipher fluorescent staining and the expression of cytochrome c in the cytosolic fraction was measured by Western blotting analysis. The caspase activity was detected using fluorometric assay kit by a fluorescence microplate reader. RESULTS: When HepG2 cells were treated with 2 mmol/L H2O2, the cells displayed DNA fragmentation, a typical feature of apoptosis, after 12 h. The mitochondrial membrane potential appeared different in two group of cells. H2O2-treated cells appeared green fluorescence as early as 4 h, which represents de-energized mitochondria, the untreated cells appeared red fluorescence, a feature of mitochondria with intact membrane potential. In treated cells, the expression of cytochrome c increased and accumulated in cytosolic fraction with treatment time, caspase-3 activity increased by 6.7-fold (P＜0.01) at 8 h and caspase-9 activity increased by 3.6-fold (P＜0.01) at 12 h, respectively, however, the activity of caspase-8 remained unchanged. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that oxidative stress can induce apoptotic cell death in HepG2 cells, and the mechanism is related to mitochondrial pathway, which activates caspase-9 and-3, but not caspase-8.
Unprecedented Expansion of the Pore Size and Volume of Periodic Mesoporous Silica (2000)

Adjusting the pore size and volume of molecular sieve MCM-41 over a very wide range is possible through simple hydrothermal treatment of “off the shelf”, as-synthesized materials in a decyldimethylamine (DMDA)–water emulsion (see schematic representation). The amine/silica ratio as well as the time and temperature of the treatment are the main parameters that control the pore size expansion process.
Probing the phonon dispersion relations of graphite from the double-resonance process of Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman scatterings in multiwalled carbon nanotubes (2002)

The Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman spectra of a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) sample are studied here by four excitation energies and the observed Raman modes are assigned based on the double resonance Raman effect and the previous results in graphite whiskers. There exists frequency discrepancy between Stokes and anti-Stokes lines (FDSA) of many Raman modes in MWNT's and the discrepancy values are strongly dependent on the excitation energy, in which the FDSA value of the ${D}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ mode even changes from a positive value $(9{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1},$ 1.58 eV) to a negative value (-11 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1},$ 2.54 eV). The laser-energy dependence of the FDSA values of some modes in MWNT's is attributed to the nonlinear frequency dependence of Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman lines of these modes on the excitation energy. Raman results and the theoretical analysis of the intravalley and intervalley double resonance processes of Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman scatterings both show that the frequency of an anti-Stokes peak excited by ${\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}_{L}$ is equal to that of the corresponding Stokes peak excited by a laser excitation of ${\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}_{L}+\ensuremath{\Elzxh}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{S}$ where $\ensuremath{\Elzxh}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{S}$ is the phonon energy of the Raman mode. Stokes and anti-Stokes double-resonance Raman scatterings have been used to probe the phonon dispersion relations of graphite. The Raman data of the well-known disorder-induced D mode are in good agreement with the theoretical results.
Modulation of 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide-induced, topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cleavage by gossypol. (1989)

Our earlier studies have shown that gossypol [1,1',6,6',7,7'-hexahydroxy-5,5-diisopropyl - 3,3'-dimethyl - (2,2'- binaphthalene)-8,8'-dicarboxyaldehyde], a male contraceptive, inhibits DNA synthesis by decreasing the activities of DNA polymerase alpha and beta, resulting in the arrest of cells in mid-S phase [L.J. Rosenberg, R.C. Adlakha, D.M. Desai, and P.N. Rao, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 866: 258-267, 1986]. Now we have examined the effects of gossypol on another enzyme of importance to cellular functions, topoisomerase II (topo II). We have determined the consequences of gossypol treatment on 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methane-sulfon-m anisidide (m-AMSA)-induced topoisomerase II-mediated, protein-associated DNA cleavage using the alkaline elution technique. In HeLa cells pretreated with gossypol (3.4-17.5 microM) for 8-16 h we observed a dose- and time-dependent decrease (50-75%) in DNA cleavage compared to that quantified in cells treated with m-AMSA alone. Gossypol by itself did not induce more than 25 rad-equivalents of DNA single-strand breaks even at the highest dose tested (26 microM). [14C]m-AMSA uptake was identical in treated and untreated cells. Pretreatment of cells with another inhibitor of DNA synthesis, thymidine, which blocks cells at G1/S boundary increased the m-AMSA-induced DNA cleavage by 25%, suggesting that the effect of gossypol might be due to the arrest of cells in mid-S phase. In contrast to gossypol's effects on m-AMSA-induced DNA cleavage, m-AMSA-induced cytotoxicity was actually increased in gossypol pretreated cells. Gossypol blocked topo II strand passing activity (decatenation of kinetoplast DNA) of cellular extracts from HeLa cells. The inhibition of this activity by gossypol was synergistic with the inhibition produced by m-AMSA or etoposide. These data suggest that gossypol can both inhibit topo II catalytic activity and interfere with the stabilization of topo II-DNA complex formation by m-AMSA. These data indicate that the magnitude of m-AMSA-induced DNA cleavage may not necessarily parallel the magnitude of m-AMSA-induced cytotoxicity. The cytotoxicity data may rather be explained by an action of gossypol and m-AMSA to block topo II catalytic activity at a point in the enzyme's strand passing cycle prior to cleavage complex formation that might be particularly toxic to cells in S phase. Gossypol should therefore be useful in improving our understanding of the cellular role of topo II and the consequences of interference with topo II activity by active antineoplastic agents.
Malassezia-derived indoles activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and inhibit Toll-like receptor-induced maturation in monocyte-derived dendritic cells (2012)

These results demonstrate that AhR agonists of yeast origin are able to inhibit moDC responses to TLR ligands and that moDCs can adapt through increased transcription of metabolizing enzymes such as CYP1A1 and CYP1B1.
Sorbitol absorption in the healthy human small intestine is increased by the concomitant ingestion of glucose or lipids. (1995)

Sorbitol absorption in the human small intestine is increased by the concomitant ingestion of glucose or lipids.
25nm 64Gb MLC NAND technology and scaling challenges invited paper (2010)

A highly manufacturable 25nm 64Gb NAND technology has been developed. Many physical and electrical scaling challenges were overcome. Severe scaling challenges have to be overcome to continue NAND scaling.
Radio-Frequency Tomography for Passive Indoor Multitarget Tracking (2012)

Radio-frequency (RF) tomography is the method of tracking targets using received signal-strength (RSS) measurements for RF transmissions between multiple sensor nodes. When the targets are near the line-of-sight path between two nodes, they are more likely to cause substantial attenuation or amplification of the RF signal. In this paper, we develop a measurement model for multitarget tracking using RF tomography in indoor environments and apply it successfully for tracking up to three targets. We compare several multitarget tracking algorithms and examine performance in the two scenarios when the number of targets is 1) known and constant, and 2) unknown and time varying. We demonstrate successful tracking for experimental data collected from sensor networks deployed in three different indoor environments posing different tracking challenges. For the fixed number of targets, the best algorithm achieves a root-mean-squared error tracking accuracy of approximately 0.3 m for a single target, 0.7 m for two targets and 0.8 m for three targets. Tracking using our proposed model is more accurate than tracking using previously proposed observation models; more importantly, the model does not require the same degree of training.
Smoothing and discriminating MAP data (2009)

Cubic B-Splines are used to approximate mean ambulatory blood pressure data and the fitted coefficients serve as discretization of the curves. A rank based method is proposed to predict Test Set A. A double cross validation approach is proposed to predict Test Set B.