gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Language Policies as Virtual Reality: Two Australian Examples (1996)

In 1991, language policy in Australia turned from a commitment to pluralism to a divisive prioritisation of literacy and selected Asian languages. This article explores that shift in the context of the general question of how to approach language policy analysis. Cooper's (1989) descriptive framework claims to offer a method for studying language policies, which I argue has serious flaws. I then consider some insights from the wider social science literature.



With something of the archangelic manner he told her how he had undertaken to show (what indeed had been attempted before, but not with that thoroughness, justice of comparison, and effectiveness of arrangement at which Mr Casaubon aimed) that all the mythical systems or erratic mythical fragments in the world were corruptions of a tradition originally revealed. Having once mastered the true position and taken firm footing there, the vast field of mythical constructions became intelligible, nay, luminous with the reflected light of correspondences. But to gather in this great harvest of truth was no light or speedy work.



George Eliot, Middlemarch



I have been working against an enemy that I was also part of, to discover how it worked so that I could discover how I was, and am, tied in to the relations of ruling in my practices of thinking about and speaking about people…Renouncing such methods of speaking and writing is not just a matter of a personal transformation.



Dorothy Smith, The Conceptual Practices of Power: A Feminist Sociology of Knowledge
A 1.65W fully integrated 90nm Bulk CMOS Intrinsic Charge Recycling capacitive DC-DC converter: Design &amp; techniques for high power density (2011)

A fully integrated high power density capacitive 2:1 step-down DC-DC converter is designed in a standard Bulk CMOS technology. The implemented converter can deliver a maximum output power of 1.65W on a chip area of 2.14mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , resulting in a power conversion density of 0.77W/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Besides the primary goal of high power density a peak power conversion efficiency of 69% is achieved. This for a voltage step-down conversion from twice the nominal supply voltage of a 90nm technology (2V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> = 2.4V) to 1V. Both the design as the implementation techniques to achieve the resulting power density, are discussed.
Induction of apoptosis with hybrids of Arg-Gly-Asp molecules and peptides and antimitotic effects of hybrids of cytostatic drugs and peptides. (2005)

The presence of a high density of somatostatin receptors (SSRs) on human tumors forms the basis for the successful visualization of primary tumors and their metastases using radiolabeled somatostatin analogs. In recent years somatostatin analogs, coupled to beta-emitting radioisotopes, have been successfully applied in the treatment of patients with metastatic SSR-positive neuroendocrine tumors. This concept of targeting SSR-expressing tumors using peptide receptor radionuclide therapy may also apply to the use of somatostatin analogs coupled to chemotherapeutic compounds. Evidence for the effectiveness of such cytotoxic somatostatin analogs as antitumor agents has been provided in a significant number of studies in experimental tumor models. In addition to cytotoxic somatostatin analogs, somatostatin analogs coupled to peptides containing arginine, glycine, and aspartate and coupled to paclitaxel have been synthesized. Here we discuss the development of the different cytotoxic somatostatin analogs and their antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo in experimental models.
The Role of White Clover in United Kingdom Pastures (1987)

Although white clover has long been used in UK agriculture, its use has steadily declined in recent years in favour of grass pasture heavily fertilized with nitrogen. This article argues the case for a return to grass/white clover swards in the face of rising fertilizer costs, and outlines the underlying principles of the pasture management systems involved.
On Measuring Anonymity For Wireless Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (2006)

We propose an evidence theory based anonymity measuring approach for wireless mobile ad-hoc networks. In our approach, an evidence is a measure of the number of detected packets within a given time period. Based on the collected evidence, we can set up basic probability assignments for all packet delivery paths and use evidence theory to quantify the anonymity in the number of bits. Our approach is more general and practical comparing to the traditional Shannon information theory based solutions where the probability assignments are predefined
The Genome of the African Trypanosome <i>Trypanosoma brucei</i> (2005)

African trypanosomes cause human sleeping sickness and livestock trypanosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa. We present the sequence and analysis of the 11 megabase-sized chromosomes of Trypanosoma brucei. The 26-megabase genome contains 9068 predicted genes, including approximately 900 pseudogenes and approximately 1700 T. brucei-specific genes. Large subtelomeric arrays contain an archive of 806 variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) genes used by the parasite to evade the mammalian immune system. Most VSG genes are pseudogenes, which may be used to generate expressed mosaic genes by ectopic recombination. Comparisons of the cytoskeleton and endocytic trafficking systems with those of humans and other eukaryotic organisms reveal major differences. A comparison of metabolic pathways encoded by the genomes of T. brucei, T. cruzi, and Leishmania major reveals the least overall metabolic capability in T. brucei and the greatest in L. major. Horizontal transfer of genes of bacterial origin has contributed to some of the metabolic differences in these parasites, and a number of novel potential drug targets have been identified.
A Novel Prosodic-Information Synthesizer Based on Recurrent Fuzzy Neural Network for the Chinese TTS System (2004)

In this paper, a new technique for the Chinese text-to-speech (TTS) system is proposed. Our major effort focuses on the prosodic information generation. New methodologies for constructing fuzzy rules in a prosodic model simulating human's pronouncing rules are developed. The proposed Recurrent Fuzzy Neural Network (RFNN) is a multilayer recurrent neural network (RNN) which integrates a Self-cOnstructing Neural Fuzzy Inference Network (SONFIN) into a recurrent connectionist structure. The RFNN can be functionally divided into two parts. The first part adopts the SONFIN as a prosodic model to explore the relationship between high-level linguistic features and prosodic information based on fuzzy inference rules. As compared to conventional neural networks, the SONFIN can always construct itself with an economic network size in high learning speed. The second part employs a five-layer network to generate all prosodic parameters by directly using the prosodic fuzzy rules inferred from the first part as well as other important features of syllables. The TTS system combined with the proposed method can behave not only sandhi rules but also the other prosodic phenomena existing in the traditional TTS systems. Moreover, the proposed scheme can even find out some new rules about prosodic phrase structure. The performance of the proposed RFNN-based prosodic model is verified by imbedding it into a Chinese TTS system with a Chinese monosyllable database based on the time-domain pitch synchronous overlap add (TD-PSOLA) method. Our experimental results show that the proposed RFNN can generate proper prosodic parameters including pitch means, pitch shapes, maximum energy levels, syllable duration, and pause duration. Some synthetic sounds are online available for demonstration.
Thermal mitigation of<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>biofilms (2015)

Bacterial biofilms infect 2-4% of medical devices upon implantation, resulting in multiple surgeries and increased recovery time due to the very great increase in antibiotic resistance in the biofilm phenotype. This work investigates the feasibility of thermal mitigation of biofilms at physiologically accessible temperatures. Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms were cultured to high bacterial density (1.7 × 10(9) CFU cm(-2)) and subjected to thermal shocks ranging from 50°C to 80°C for durations of 1-30 min. The decrease in viable bacteria was closely correlated with an Arrhenius temperature dependence and Weibull-style time dependence, demonstrating up to six orders of magnitude reduction in bacterial load. The bacterial load for films with more conventional initial bacterial densities dropped below quantifiable levels, indicating thermal mitigation as a viable approach to biofilm control.
Endocrine and fertility effects (2003)

Cardiotoxicity is a well-recognized late effect of therapy for childhood and adolescent malignancies and is a serious problem for long-term survivors. Cardiotoxicity may be caused by chemotherapy, radiation therapy or the combined use of both modalities. A survey of pediatric cardiology centers in North America found that more than 12 per cent of all patients with cardiomyopathy had been treated for cancer during childhood or adolescence.1 In a large cohort of American patients who had survived at least 5 years from a diagnosis of pediatric cancer, the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for overall mortality was 10.8, and the SMR for cardiac mortality was 8.2.2 A study from the Nordic countries produced similar findings (overall mortality SMR, 10.8; cardiac and circulatory system death SMR, 5.8).3 The SMR for sudden or illdefined deaths was 3.9; some of these deaths were probably attributable to cardiac causes.3
A new dynamic decimation filter using polyphase MACs for medical ultrasound imaging (2008)

Medical ultrasound scanners require a decimation filter capable of changing its length and coefficient vales dynamically. For hardware implementation it is important to design such a dynamic decimation filter with a fixed number of multipliers in such a way that the number of multiplications per unit time should be minimized. A simple data path structure for feeding the filter must also be taken into account. The propose of this work is to propose an efficient DFF architecture which is particularly useful when 2-fold interpolation is employed prior to dynamic decimation for controlling decimation ratio finely.
Efficacy of screening donors for antibodies to the hepatitis C virus to prevent transfusion-associated hepatitis: Final report of a prospective trial (1995)

Routine screening of blood donors for anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been implemented in most developed countries. However, the independent efficacy of such screening has not been established in a controlled, prospective study. We tracked 478 patients transfused with anti-HCV-negative blood by first-generation enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA) between July 1989 and May 1990 and compared the incidence of transfusion-associated hepatitis and HCV infections with that found among 280 patients transfused with blood unscreened for anti-HCV during the immediately preceding year. Of the 280 patients who had received transfusions before donors were screened for anti-HCV, 27 (9.6%) developed posttransfusion hepatitis and 1 additional patient seroconverted to anti-HCV without evidence of hepatitis, for a risk of posttransfusion HCV infection of 10.7% (28 of 262 recipients seronegative for anti-HCV before transfusion). Of the 478 patients transfused after July 1989 with blood screened for anti-HCV, only 9 (1.9%) developed posttransfusion hepatitis for a risk reduction of 80%. Seven of the 9 residual cases of hepatitis were caused by HCV (7 of 456 recipients seronegative before transfusion or 1.5%) for a risk reduction of transfusion-associated HCV infection of 86%. In retrospect, an anti-HCV positive donor was detected by second-generation immunoassay in 4 (57%) of the 7 HCV cases from the study cohort and in 19 of the 23 (83%) cases from whom all donor samples were available for testing in the historical cohort. No additional infectious donors were detected by third-generation immunoassay or serum HCV-RNA by polymerase chain reaction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Turbomachinery blade optimization using the Navier-Stokes equations (1997)

A method is presented to perform aerodynamic design optimization of turbomachinery blades. The method couples a Navier-Stokes flow solver with a grid generator and numerical optimization algorithm to seek improved designs for transonic turbine blades. A fast and efficient multigrid, finite-volume flow solver provides accurate performance evaluations of potential designs. Design variables consist of smooth perturbations to the blade surface. A unique elliptic-hyperbolic grid generation method is used to regenerate a Navier-Stokes grid after perturbations have been added to the geometry. Designs are sought which improve a design objective while remaining within specified constraints. The method is demonstrated with two transonic turbine blades with different types and numbers of design variables.
Thermoplastic Materials (2011)

Practical and affordable, thermoplastics account for more than 90 percent of all plastic materials manufactured. That so many varieties are now available, speaks to the idea that while there is no one perfect material, it is possible to find a material that fits for every application. However, selecting that right material is no small challenge.Ans
Flammability and thermal behavior of phosphorus‐containing polyamide‐6 (1993)

Abstract An investigation is reported on the flammability and thermal behavior of polyamide‐6, obtained by anionic polymerization of ϵ‐caprolactam, carried out in bulk, in the presence of the following N ‐substituted phosphorus‐containing lactam derivatives: diethyl‐( N ‐caprolactam)‐phosphonite (PL 1 ), diethyl‐( N ‐caprolactam)‐phosphonate (PL 2 ), and 2,5‐dichlorophenyl‐bis( N ‐caprolactam)‐phosphinate (PL 3 ). Phosphorus‐containing lactam derivatives PL, 1 and PL 3 are used as activators of the anionic polymerization of ϵ‐caprolactam, and PL 2 , as a modifying additive. The phosphorus‐containing polyamide‐6 possesses improved flame retardancy, as well as improved thermo‐ and thermooxidative resistance. Destruction kinetics were studied in nitrogen and air atmospheres, and the activation energy for thermal and thermooxidative destruction have been determined. The effect of PL 1 PL 2 , and PL 3 on the melting temperature ( T m ) and glass‐transition temperature ( T g ) of polyamide‐6 was established. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody to aflatoxin B2 (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleProduction and characterization of a monoclonal antibody to aflatoxin B2Kenneth L. Hastings, Jerry J. Tulis, and Jack H. DeanCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1988, 36, 2, 404–408Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00080a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00080a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views172Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Abnormal dendritic patterns and aberrant spine development in Bourneville's disease--a Golgi survey. (1984)

Few reports have dealt with the structural abnormalities shown by the neuropil in mentally retarded patients. This Golgi study describes the morphologic changes observed in a brain biopsy from the cerebral cortex of a patient with Bourneville's disease (epiloia). At the time this study was made, the patient was 12 years old and had had a long history of mental retardation and uncontrollable seizures. She, her father, and three other siblings had classic cutaneous signs of epiloia. A biopsy from the right frontal cortex was immediately fixed by immersion, was processed by both H & E and the Golgi method respectively, and examined by electron microscopy. The Golgi-stained material showed a marked fibrillary gliosis at the upper and lower cortical layers, as well as in the heterotopias; the presence of giant cells, closely resembling immature pyramidal cells, with short dendrites growing from their somata and bearing few spines; some other large cells having features compatible with astrocytes; spiral-like glial processes converging upon distorted apical dendrites; these and some other neuronoglial formations establishing specialized anatomical contacts; unorderly arrangement of small and large pyramids within an abnormally compact cortex; abnormal dendritic growths at the level of dendrite bifurcations; and several aberrant patterns of spine morphology, including the megaspine. This first application of the Golgi method to the study of neuropathologic features of epiloia suggests that a poorly developed neuronal circuitry led to the abnormal brain function observed in this case. The same anatomical substrate may occur in other cases of mental retardation.
Efficient Formation of Iron Nanoparticle Catalysts on Silicon Oxide by Hydroxylamine for Carbon Nanotube Synthesis and Electronics (2002)

Iron containing nanoparticles are found to spontaneously form on hydroxylated SiO2 substrates when immersed in a freshly mixed aqueous solution of FeCl3 and hydroxylamine. Upon calcination, a submonolayer of uniformly distributed iron oxide nanoparticles can be derived and used to catalyze the growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition. This simple method affords clean single-walled nanotube films on SiO2. The solution phase catalyst deposition approach allows for submicron scale catalyst patterning. Patterned growth of nanotubes with this catalyst retains high degrees of surface cleanliness and leads to arrays of nanotube electronic devices including field effect transistors. The population of hydroxyl groups on SiO2, reaction time, and pH of the solutions are found to be important to the deposition of nanoparticles through a surface-mediated hydroxylamine/FeCl3 chemistry.
Comparative forward link traffic channel performance evaluation of HDR and 1XTREME systems (2003)

This paper presents a comparison of the forward link performance of the HDR and 1XTREME systems. Both systems have been proposed as possible evolutionary paths for the 1.25 MHz cdma2000 system, and have been designed to enable high data rate packet transmission. Link-level performance is evaluated by chip-level time-domain simulation of the forward data traffic channel in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise, and is then used in a system-level simulator modeling a network of 19 three-sector cells. The system-level simulator accounts for slow and fast fading and two types of multipath channel profiles, as described by the pedestrian A and vehicular B ITU-R channel models. The packet scheduling is performed using a proportionally fair (PF) scheduler. The systems use bit rate adaptation and hybrid ARQ to achieve 1% packet error rate (PER). All users in the system are assumed to always have data packets available for transmission. System performance is evaluated for an embedded sector in terms of average sector throughput as a function of the number of users, distributions of data rates, and individual throughputs over a set of users. Results show the benefits of multiuser diversity exploited by the PF scheduler, and present throughput and fairness comparisons for the two systems.
Catalytic reduction of carbon dioxide at carbon electrodes modified with cobalt phthalocyanine (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide at carbon electrodes modified with cobalt phthalocyanineCharles M. Lieber and Nathan S. LewisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 17, 5033–5034Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00329a082https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00329a082research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2680Altmetric-Citations268LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sodium nitroprusside evokes the release of immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P from dorsal horn slices via nitric oxide-dependent and nitric oxide-independent mechanisms (1994)

The results of behavioral studies suggest that nitric oxide (NO) participates in certain spinal mechanisms that contribute to hyperalgesia. Additionally, previous studies indicate that the release of immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide (iCGRP) and substance P (iSP) is increased in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord during hyperalgesia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether NO acts to enhance peptide release in the dorsal horn of rats using an in vitro superfusion technique. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was used as an NO donor. The results of this study indicate that SNP caused a dose-related, calcium-dependent increase in the release of iCGRP and iSP from dorsal horn slices of the rat spinal cord. Furthermore, pretreatment with SNP reduced the ability of capsaicin to evoke the release of either peptide, suggesting that a target for SNP exists on certain capsaicin-sensitive primary afferent terminals. In addition to increasing peptide release, SNP also caused a significant five to sixfold increase in the levels of immunoreactive guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (i-cGMP) in the dorsal horn. This SNP-evoked increase was significantly decreased by the guanylate cyclase inhibitor methylene blue in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the release of iCGRP was also significantly reduced in the presence of methylene blue, although the relationship between peptide release and i-cGMP production remains unclear. Sodium nitroprusside-evoked peptide release was significantly reduced in the presence of hemoglobin (an oxide radical scavenger), suggesting that the drug effect was due to the generation of NO. However, the release of iCGRP and iSP was also evoked by sodium ferricyanide (the coproduct of SNP) and by 7-d-old, photoinactivated SNP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)