gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tuning Packing and Solubility of Donor (D)–Acceptor (A) Polymers by <i>cis</i>–<i>trans</i> Isomerization within Alkenyl Side Chains (2014)

The impact of alkenyl substituents on the behavior of cyclopentadithiophene–benzothiadiazole (CDT–BTZ) donor (D)–acceptor (A) polymers in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and on the supramolecular organization was investigated. Linear cis- and trans-alkenes were attached to the donor unit of CDT–BTZ polymers to demonstrate the dependence of supramolecular ordering and solubility in organic solvents on chemical conformation. The layer interdigitation of the substituents differed due to shape disparities between cis- and trans-alkenes. While trans-alkenes exhibit zigzag structures that are beneficial for close packing, cis-alkenes are curved and thus possess a less regular shape that is disadvantageous to thin film ordering. This was proven by grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) studies, which revealed shorter intermolecular distances for the polymer with trans-alkene substituents even in comparison to analogous polymers with saturated alkyl substituents. Furthermore, the isomerization of the cis-substituents toward their trans-conformers allowed improvement of the polymer crystallinity in thin films and was investigated in transistor devices and solubility studies.
Evidence of Ground-State Proton-Transfer Reaction of 3-Hydroxyflavone in Neutral Alcoholic Solvents (2003)

Photophysical behavior of 3-hydroxyflavone (HF), a molecule that exhibits excited-state intramolecular proton-transfer reaction and has been studied extensively in the past, has been reinvestigated in hydrogen bond donating solvents. In neat alcohols or in an acetonitrile−methanol mixture, a long wavelength absorption band (λmax ≈ 410 nm) has been observed for the first time. It is found that selective excitation of this band does not produce the characteristic fluorescence of the “normal” form or the tautomer; instead, an emission characterized by a featureless band (λmax ≈ 480 nm) is observed. The absorption and emission bands have been found to disappear completely in the presence of water. The influence of temperature suggests that the species responsible for the 410 nm absorption band is produced in higher concentrations at higher temperatures. On the basis of the present results and the available literature, the long-wavelength absorption band of HF has been attributed to its anionic form, generated in the alcoholic media by solvent mediated deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group of the molecule in the ground state.
Asymmetric Synthesis of the Protoberberine Alkaloid (<i>S</i>)-(−)-Xylopinine Using Enantiopure Sulfinimines (2002)

A concise enantioselective synthesis of (S)-(-)-xylopinine (1) is described involving the addition of the laterally lithiated derivative of o-tolunitrile of 16 to enantiopure sulfinimine (+)-14. Treatment of the resulting cyano sulfinamide adduct (-)-17b with DIBAL-H accomplishes five operations in a single pot and furnishes the cyclic imine (+)-18 in good yield. Reduction and cyclization affords (S)-(-)-1. Alternatively basic hydrolysis of 17b,c gives isoquinolone 21 that is cyclized and reduced to give (S)-(-)-1.
Meropenem versus piperacillin-tazobactam for definitive treatment of bloodstream infections due to ceftriaxone non-susceptible Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp (the MERINO trial): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (2015)

The MERINO trial is registered under the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Register (ANZCTR), reference number: ACTRN12613000532707 (registered 13 May 2013) and the US National Institute of Health ClinicalTrials.gov register, reference number: NCT02176122 (registered 24 June 2014).
Role of nitric oxide in the regulation of oxygen consumption in conscious dogs. (1994)

The role of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of O2 consumption was studied in chronically instrumented conscious dogs. A specific NO synthesis inhibitor, nitro-L-arginine (NLA, 30 mg/kg i.v.), significantly increased mean arterial pressure from 100 +/- 4 to 134 +/- 5 mm Hg (mean +/- SEM) and total peripheral resistance by 157 +/- 16% and reduced cardiac output by 47 +/- 3% and heart rate by 34 +/- 6% after 120 minutes. Changes in arterial blood gases were not observed. There were significant changes in PO2 (-14 +/- 2 mm Hg), O2 saturation (-21 +/- 2%), the percentage of hemoglobin as oxyhemoglobin (-21 +/- 2%), and O2 content (-3.0 +/- 0.9 vol%) and a significant increase in percent reduced hemoglobin (21 +/- 1%) in mixed venous blood, associated with an increase in O2 extraction (5.1 +/- 0.2 vol%) (all P < .01). O2 consumption was increased from 124 +/- 6 to 155 +/- 9 mL/min (P < .05). Methoxamine, titrated to have hemodynamic effects similar to those of NLA (eg, mean arterial pressure increased from 97 +/- 4 to 131 +/- 5 mm Hg), had much smaller effects on venous blood gases, hemoglobin, and O2 extraction (2.3 +/- 0.7 vol%) and no significant effect on O2 consumption. NLA also caused an increase in O2 consumption of 37 +/- 8% (P < .01) in quietly resting conscious dogs that had undergone pretreatment with hexamethonium and atropine, but no significant change in O2 consumption in dogs anesthetized with barbiturate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Bursty Tracing: A Framework for Low-Overhead Temporal Profiling (2001)

With processor speed increasing much more rapidly than memory access speed, memory system optimizations have the potential to significantly improve program performance. Unfortunately, cache-level optimizations often require detailed temporal information about a program&apos;s references to be effective. Traditional techniques for obtaining this information are too expensive to be practical in an on-line setting. We address this problem by describing and evaluating a framework for low-overhead temporal profiling. Our framework extends the Arnold-Ryder framework that uses instrumentation and counter-based sampling to collect frequency profiles with low overhead. Our framework samples bursts (sub-sequences) of the trace of all runtime events to construct a temporal program profile. Our bursty tracing profiler is built using Vulcan, an executable-editing tool for x86, and we evaluate it on optimized x86 binaries. Like the Arnold-Ryder framework, we have the advantages of not requiring operating system or hardware support and being deterministic. Unlike them, we are not limited to capturing temporal relationships on intraprocedural acyclic paths since our trace bursts can span procedure boundaries. In addition, our framework does not require access to program source or recompilation. A direct implementation of our extensions to the Arnold-Ryder framework results in profiling overhead of 6-35%. We describe techniques that reduce this overhead to 3-18%, making it suitable for use in an on-line setting.
Characterisation of nanoplastics during the degradation of polystyrene (2015)

The release of plastics into the environment has been identified as an important issue for some time. Recent publications have suggested that the degradation of plastic materials will result in the release of nano-sized plastic particles to the environment. Nanoparticle tracking analysis was applied to characterise the formation of nanoplastics during the degradation of a polystyrene (PS) disposable coffee cup lid. The results clearly show an increase in the formation of nanoplastics over time. After 56 days' exposure the concentration of nanoplastics in the PS sample was 1.26 × 10(8) particles/ml (average particles size 224 nm) compared to 0.41 × 10(8) particles/ml in the control.
Design of Circular Prestressed Concrete Reservoirs (1966)

This article provides a summary of engineering design and construction procedures for circular prestressed concrete ground storage reservoirs, which it is hoped may soon lead to the development of such a standard.
Inhibitors of the corrosion of iron. II. Efficiency of the sodium, calcium and lead salts of long chain fatty acids (1960)

Abstract The inhibitive properties of the sodium, calcium and lead salts of caproic, oenanthic, caprylic, pelargonic, capric, suberic, azelaic and sebacic acids have been examined in the pH range 4·0–6·0 at concentrations 10 −5 to 10 −2 N. The inhibitive efficiency increased with the length of the carbon chain up to a maximum at 8–9 carbon atoms. For a given acid the lead salt was more efficient than either the sodium or the calcium salt. The most inhibitive salts examined were lead suberate and azelate.
Immunology of reaginic allergy: in vitro studies. (1970)

The use of human leucocytes for in vitro studies of histamine release is reviewed. Several theoretical aspects and applications of the in vitro procedure are discussed. These include sensitivity of the cells to antigen as a reflection of disease severity, in vitro assays of reagin and the effect of parenteral immunization on the activity of human reaginic and blocking antibodies.
A Novel in vivo Cell‐Wall Labeling Approach Sheds New Light on Peptidoglycan Synthesis in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2011)

Peptidoglycan synthesis and turnover in relation to cell growth and division has been studied by using a new labeling method. This method involves the incorporation of fluorescently labeled peptidoglycan precursors into the cell wall by means of the cell-wall recycling pathway. We show that Escherichia coli is able to import exogenous added murein tripeptide labeled with N-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl (AeK-NBD) into the cytoplasm where it enters the peptidoglycan biosynthesis route, resulting in fluorescent labels specifically located in the cell wall. When wild-type cells were grown in the presence of the fluorescent peptide, peptidoglycan was uniformly labeled in cells undergoing elongation. Cells in the process of division displayed a lack of labeled peptidoglycan at mid-cell. Analysis of labeling patterns in cell division mutants showed that the occurrence of unlabeled peptidoglycan is dependent on the presence of FtsZ, but independent of FtsQ and FtsI. Accumulation of fluorescence at the division sites of a triple amidase mutant (ΔamiABC) revealed that AeK-NBD is incorporated into septal peptidoglycan. AmiC was shown to be involved in the rapid removal of labeled peptidoglycan side chains at division sites in wild-type cells. Because septal localization of AmiC is dependent on FtsQ and FtsI, this points to the presence of another peptidoglycan hydrolase activity directly dependent on FtsZ.
Paramagnetic capture mode magnetophoretic microseparator for blood cells (2006)

The paper presents the characterisation of a continuous paramagnetic capture (PMC) mode magnetophoretic microseparator for separating red and white blood cells from whole blood based on their native magnetic properties. The PMC microseparator separates the blood cells using a high-gradient magnetic separation method without the use of additives such as magnetic tagging. The microseparator is fabricated using microfabrication technology, enabling the integration of micro-scale magnetic flux concentrators in an aqueous micro-environment. Experimental results show that the PMC microseparator can continuously separate out 91.1% of red blood cells from whole blood within 5 min, using an external magnetic flux of 0.2 T from a permanent magnet. Monitoring of white blood cells dyed with a fluorescent probe shows that 87.7% of white blood cells are separated out by the 0.2 T external magnetic flux applied to the PMC microseparator.
SOCIOLOGY, MANAGEMENT AND LIBRARIES (1977)

The following paper had something of a rough passage through LR's refereeing procedure. One comment was that the three elements in its title did not cohere. Nevertheless, it was by all accounts well received when delivered as a lecture at CLW. LR prints this article as a basis for ongoing discussion, and is open to constructive comment.
Analysis of a series of isomeric oligosaccharides by energy‐resolved mass spectrometry: a challenge on homobranched trisaccharides (2009)

Glycans exist as part of glycoproteins and glycolipids, which are involved in a variety of biological functions. The analysis of glycan structures, particularly that of structural isomers, is fundamentally important since isomeric glycans often show distinct functions; however, a method for their structural elucidation has not yet been established. Anomeric configurations, linkage positions and branching are the major factors in glycans and their alteration results in a large diversity of glycan structures. The analysis of vicinally substituted oligosaccharides is extremely difficult because the product ions formed in tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) often have the same m/z values. In our endeavor to address the issue, we analyzed a series of homo-substituted trisaccharides consisting only of glucose by collision-induced dissociation (CID), especially energy-resolved mass spectrometry (ERMS). It was found that these structurally related glycans could be distinguished by taking advantage of differences in their activation energies in ERMS.
Discrimination of colours presented against different coloured backgrounds (1992)

Abstract Colour electronic displays are being used increasingly for information presentation in a wide range of applications. A prerequisite to the effective use of colour coding is that the colours be discriminable under all of the conditions in which the display will be used. For applications such as radar, medical imaging, or electronic charts, different coloured areas may be juxtaposed and coloured symbols superimposed on a multicoloured background. Under such conditions, the colours in the display may affect the appearance and discriminability of each other. the present article examines the extent to which a set of colours that is clearly distinguishable when presented against a uniform background might be confused when the members are presented against differently coloured backgrounds. This was achieved by measuring the range of chromaticities, presented against a grey background, that would be confused with each of the test colours when they were presented against different chromatic surrounds. the findings were used to derive the characteristics of sets of colours that should be discriminable in a complex display.
Programming pascal with physical units (1986)

In /M&auml;86/ (SIGPLAN Notices 3/1986) M&auml;nner proposes an extension of Pascal permitting the use of physical units in programs. We discuss his issues in this paper and describe our own somewhat different approach. Our language extension PHYSCAL of Pascal not merely satisfies the requirements suggested by /M&auml;86/, but also supports predefined units (International Standard), thorough realisation of the concept of scale factors, input/output facilities for numbers with units. The new concepts are motivated, and the language description is given formally and by examples. Finally we discuss some details of the realised language implementation by a PHYSCAL-to-Pascal preprocessor in an UNIX environment.
Behavioral model synthesis with Cones (1988)

The Cones synthesis system for automatic generation of VLSI implementations is discussed. Named for the cones in sequential logic, Cones takes behavioral models written in C and produces gate-level implementations in technologies such as standard cells and programmable logic arrays or programmable logic devices. The overall design is produced faster, more efficiently, and with fewer errors. Designers are free to concentrate on functions, instead of on the details of the implementation technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reputation-based trust management systems and their applicability to grids (2007)

The mean level of phosphorus was significantly higher in a group of 96 Indonesian patients with pulmonary tuberculosis than in 100 control subjects. The levels in disease showed a moderate correlation with those of the globulin proteins, but not the gamma-globulins. There was an association between levels of phosphorus and those of transferrin but not with those of seven other acute-phase associated proteins. There was a tendency for phosphorus levels to be higher in those with elevated polymorphonuclear leucocyte counts and, although not significantly so, in those with more extensive active disease, suggesting an association with tissue destruction. It appears therefore more relevant to study the behaviour of this element than that of calcium in tuberculosis.
A convex programming approach to problems in VLSI design (1992)

Two problems in VLSI CAD, namely, those of transistor sizing and design centering, are dealt with in this thesis.
The transistor sizing problem is described as follows. A general sequential circuit consists of a number of combinational stages that lie between latches. For the circuit to meet a given clocking specification, it is necessary for each combinational stage to satisfy certain delay requirements. Roughly speaking, increasing the sizes of some transistors in a stage reduces the delay, with the penalty of increased area. The problem of transistor sizing is to minimize the area of a combinational stage, subject to its delay being less than a given specification. The problem is formulated as a convex programming problem. An efficient convex optimization algorithm, in conjunction with an improved timing analysis method, is used to solve this problem.
The design centering problem is an important issue in design for manufacturability. In the face of manufacturing process variations, the values of design parameters may be perturbed from the nominal values, due to which a circuit may not satisfy the behavioral specifications that it was designed for. The idea of design centering is to choose the nominal values so as to allow maximal perturbations during manufacturing, while continuing to satisfy behavioral specifications. The procedure that is outlined in this thesis consists of two steps: efficient approximation of the feasible region by a polytope, and finding the design center. For the latter step, two algorithms are outlined. The first algorithm finds the largest Hessian ellipsoid which can be inscribed in the polytope, while the second formulates the design centering problem as a convex programming problem.
Optimization of probe coverage for high-resolution oligonucleotide aCGH (2007)

Address requests to the authors.
Exercise Training Program for Older Adults Incentives and Disincentives for Participation (2003)

The purpose of this study was to describe the incentives and disincentives for participating in an exercise training program for community-dwelling individuals 78 and older. One hundred forty-seven women and 62 men participated in this descriptive study, and ages ranged from 78 to 95 years (mean 82.7 +/- 4.1). Individuals were interviewed by phone about their decision to participate in an exercise program. Qualitative responses were analyzed using content analysis. Three main incentive themes emerged: Health Benefits, Psychological Benefits, and Positive Program Features. Disincentive themes included Competing Commitments, Doubts about Exercise, and Negative Program Features. To better tailor an exercise program to the needs of this older age group, nurses working with older adults should keep in mind the lifestyle, age-specific obligations, and set of values affecting this cohort's participation.
Endogenous Financing Of The Universal Services (2004)

We address the question of endogenous financing of the Universal Service Obligations and we compare it with the exogenous financing. A fund is created and fed through a tax firms pay. We show that the way these funds are implemented by the current regulatory regimes at work goes against the social welfare. We propose a new way of implementing the fund that improves welfare. Moreover, we challenge the proportionality payment principle as it leads to lower welfare.
Third-order susceptibilities of soluble polymers derived from the ring opening metathesis copolymerization of cyclooctatetraene and 1,5-cyclooctadiene (1989)

We wish to report some preliminary results on the nonlinear optical properties of a new class of polymers synthesized by the ring-opening metathesis polymerization of highly unsaturated monomers. Mixtures of cyclooctatetraene, 1, and 1,5-cyclooctadiene, 2, have been polymerized by using the tungsten carbene complex 3 as the catalyst (see Figure 1). The solution polymerization of monomers 1 and 2 in tetrahydrofuran leads to an essentially random coploymer. The monomers contain exclusively cis double bonds and no attempt has been made to isomerize the double bonds in the resulting polymer. The general constitution of the copolymers is also shown in Figure 1 (an all-trans geometrical configuration is shown for simplicity).
Protein ultrafiltration: A general example of boundary layer filtration (1972)

Abstract A rotating disk membrane was developed to investigate experimentally concentration polarization during the ultrafiltration of bovine serum albumin solutions. The experimental data supported analytical and numerical predictions which were developed as part of this study. Osmotic pressure and concentration dependent viscosity and diffusivity were demonstrated to be important tactors. The results were also extended to predict ultrafiltration in porous walled ducts. Finally, a formal description of protein ultrafiltration in terms of the Stephan‐Maxwell flux equations was shown to provide a unifying description of all filtration processes from mechanical filtration to reverse osmosis.
Geometrical representation of sum frequency generation and adiabatic frequency conversion (2008)

We present a geometrical representation of the process of sum frequency generation in the undepleted pump approximation, in analogy with the known optical Bloch equations. We use this analogy to propose a technique for achieving both high efficiency and large bandwidth in sum frequency conversion using the adiabatic inversion scheme. The process is analogous with rapid adiabatic passage in NMR, and adiabatic constraints are derived in this context. This adiabatic frequency conversion scheme is realized experimentally using an aperiodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) device, where we achieved high efficiency signal-to-idler conversion over a bandwidth of $140\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$.
Classification of environmentally induced genetic male sterile lines of rice based on their fertility responses to photoperiod and temperature (1996)

SUMMARY The use of environmentally induced genetic male sterile (EGMS) rice could alter the development of hybrid rice from a three-line system to a two-line system. It is critical for the utilization of EGMS rice to determine which are the main environmental factors influencing fertility changes. Fertility responses to photoperiod (P) and temperature (T) were studied in 101 EGMS rice lines under nine controlled regimes combining three photoperiods (15·0, 14·0 and 12·5 h)x three temperatures (30·1, 24·1 and 23·1 °C). According to the variance analysis of seed-setting data, 96% of the total EGMS lines studied could be divided into three types as follows: (1) photoperiod-sensitive genetic male sterility (PGMS) characterized statistically by significant ( P < 0·05) P and P × T interaction effects but by a non-significant T effect on fertility, (2) thermosensitive genetic male sterility (TGMS) by a significant T effect, a non-significant P effect and by either a significant or a non-significant P × T interaction effect on fertility, and (3) photo-thermosensitive genetic male sterility (P-TGMS) by only a significant P × T interaction effect on fertility. Among the japonica EGMS lines studied, PGMS, TGMS and P-TGMS accounted for 32·3, 9·7 and 51·6%, respectively. However, among the indica EGMS lines, no PGMS lines were detected and most of them were TGMS or P-TGMS (61·4 and 35·7%, respectively). The results indicate that the selection of indica PGMS lines of rice might be very difficult. The availability of different types of EGMS rice in two-line system hybrid rice is evaluated and the selection of an ideal model of response to photoperiod and temperature for indica EGMS is discussed.