gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stochastic pulse density modulation for a power LED driver (2020)

PWM signals are widely used and are easy to implement in a variety of LEDs applications, however they suffer from significant harmonic generation. As an alternative, SPDM - Stochastic Pulse Density Modulation or SSDM – Stochastic Signal Density Modulation ideas may be considered. The SPDM idea is to spread the energy at different frequencies so that it is easier to filter the desired harmonics, because of their lower amplitudes. Example of implementation of SPDM in LED application using a programmable system-on-chip device is presented in the paper. Proper operation of the proposed implementation is proved by the laboratory results. Full Text: PDF ReferencesW. Wojtkowski, A. Karpiuk, The Influence of the PWM frequency and duty cycle of a RGB LED driver on the optical spectrum of the emitted light, Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, 2012, R. 88, nr 4a, pp. 217-219. CrossRef J. Hegedüs, G. Hantos, A. Poppe, Light output stabilisation of LED based streetlighting luminaires by adaptive current control, Microelectronics Reliability, vol. 79, pp. 448-456, 2017. CrossRef J. Kusznier, W. Wojtkowski, Spectral properties of smart LED lamps, PHOTONICS LETTERS OF POLAND, VOL. 12 (1), 16-18 (2020) CrossRef I. Fryc, P. Tabaka, "Zanieczyszczenia nocnego nieboskłonu światłem emitowanym przez oprawy oświetlenia zewnętrznego", Przeglad Elektrotechniczny R93(6), 46 (2017). DirectLink I. Fryc, F. Bisegna, P. Tabaka, Lighting of recreation grounds as a source of sky glow - the influence of luminaire type on this phenomenon, 1st IEEE International Conference On Environment And Electrical Engineering and 17th IEEE Industrial And Commercial Power Systems Europe (2017). CrossRef M. Gilewski, "The ecological hazard of artificial lighting in greenhouses", Photon. Lett. Poland 11(3), 87 (2019). CrossRef J. Kusznier, W. Wojtkowski, Impact of climatic conditions on PV panels operation in a photovoltaic power plant, IEEE, 2019 15th Selected Issues of Electrical Engineering and Electronics (WZEE), Zakopane, Poland (2019). CrossRef J. Kusznier, W. Wojtkowski, Impact of climatic conditions and solar exposure on the aging of PV panels, IEEE, 2019 15th Selected Issues of Electrical Engineering and Electronics (WZEE), Zakopane, Poland (2019). CrossRef PSoC® Technical Reference Manual - Document No. 001-14463 Rev. *K. Cypress Semiconductor Corp. 2017. DirectLink
Transactions (1983)

Transactions have proven to be a useful tool for constructing reliable database systems and are likely to be useful in many types of distributed systems. To exploit transactions in a general purpose distributed system, each node can execute a transaction kernel that provides services necessary to support transactions at higher system levels. The transaction model that the kernel supports must permit arbitrary operations on the wide collection of data types used by programmers. New techniques must be developed for specifying the synchronization and recovery properties of abstract types that are used in transactions. Existing mechanisms for synchronization, recovery, deadlock management and communication are often inadequate to implement these types efficiently, and they must be adapted or replaced.
Order Determination Of State Space Systems (1996)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Trieste, Italy, 1996
DyXY - a proximity congestion-aware deadlock-free dynamic routing method for network on chip (2006)

A routing algorithm, namely dynamic XY (DyXY) routing, is proposed for NoCs to provide adaptive routing and ensure deadlock-free and livelock-free routing at the same time. New router architecture is developed to support the routing algorithm. Analytical models based on queuing theory are developed for DyXY routing for a two-dimensional mesh NoC architecture, and analytical results match very well with the simulation results. It is observed that DyXY routing can achieve better performance compared with static XY routing and odd-even routing.
[Effects of statins in overall prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease]. (2005)

冠心病是由多种危险因素引发的慢性疾病,血脂异常是其重要的危险因素之一.大规模的临床试验证明,他汀类药物有效降脂,可显著降低冠心病的发病率和病死率,并且越来越多的临床资料显示,他汀类药物对冠心病的整体防治具有重要作用。
Mechanism of Production of Troponin T Fragments during Postmortem Aging of Porcine Muscle (2005)

Troponin T (TnT) is one of the myofibrillar proteins that is easily degraded during postmortem aging of pork. In this study, we determined the N-terminal amino acid sequences of TnT degradation fragments produced during postmortem aging and by m-calpain hydrolysis. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of TnT fragments produced during postmortem aging were EVHEPEEKPRPKLTAP, EKPRPKLTAPKIPEG, and APKIPEGEKVDF. On the other hand, the N-terminal amino acid sequences of TnT fragments produced by the action of m-calpain were APPPPAEV, EVHEPEEK, and APK. These sequences of degradation fragments could be mapped on fast type TnT isoform 2. The peptide bonds of His37-Glu38 and Thr51-Ala52 in fTnT2 were cleaved during postmortem aging as well as by the calpain hydrolysis; therefore, calpain was concluded to have an important role in TnT degradation during postmortem aging. It was also found that the sourness-suppressing peptide APPPPAEVHEVHEEVH (Okumura et al. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 2004, 68, 1657-1662) derived from TnT degradation could be produced by the action of calpains on Glu21-Ala22 and His37-Glu38 sites.
Energy and Mass Transfer during Binary Droplet Collision (2011)

The present study focuses on binary droplet interactions over a wide range of Weber numbers and impact parameters. The formulation is based on the complete set of conservation equations for both the liquid and surrounding gas phases. An improved volume-of-fluid (VOF) technique, augmented by an adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) algorithm, is used to track the liquid/gas interfaces. Detailed information about the droplet dynamics, including collision, deformation, coalescence, separation, and mass and energy transfer, is obtained systematically. Various underlying processes of droplet dynamics are investigated by analyzing the overall energy budget. In addition, an advanced visualization technique using the Ray-tracing methodology is implemented to gain direct insight into the detailed physics of droplet interaction. Theories are also established to predict the droplet behavior after collision. Good agreement is achieved with simulation and experimental results.
Biodegradation of dichloromethane and its utilization as a growth substrate under methanogenic conditions (1991)

Biodegradation of dichloromethane (DCM) to environmentally acceptable products was demonstrated under methanogenic conditions (35 degrees C). When DCM was supplied to enrichment cultures as the sole organic compound at a low enough concentration to avoid inhibition of methanogenesis, the molar ratio of CH4 formed to DCM consumed (0.473) was very close to the amount predicted by stoichiometric conservation of electrons. DCM degradation was also demonstrated when methanogenesis was partially inhibited (with 0.5 to 1.5 mM 2-bromoethanesulfonate or approximately 2 mM DCM) or completely stopped (with 50 to 55.5 mM 2-bromoethanesulfonate). Addition of a eubacterial inhibitor (vancomycin, 100 mg/liter) greatly reduced the rate of DCM degradation. 14CO2 was the principal product of [14C]DCM degradation, followed by 14CH4 (when methanogenesis was uninhibited) or 14CH3COOH (when methanogenesis was partially or completely inhibited). Hydrogen accumulated during DCM degradation and then returned to background levels when DCM was consumed. These results suggested that nonmethanogenic organisms mediated DCM degradation, oxidizing a portion to CO2 and fermenting the remainder to acetate; acetate formation suggested involvement of an acetogen. Methanogens in the enrichment culture then converted the products of DCM degradation to CH4. Aceticlastic methanogens were more easily inhibited by 2-bromoethanesulfonate and DCM than were CO2-reducing methanogens. When DCM was the sole organic-carbon and electron donor source supplied, its use as a growth substrate was demonstrated. The highest observed yield was 0.085 g of suspended organic carbon formed per g of DCM carbon consumed. Approximately 85% of the biomass formed was attributable to the growth of nonmethanogens, and 15% was attributable to methanogens.
Control of Olefin Volume Fraction in MIP Catalytic Cracking Process Gasoline (2013)

The utilization of maximizing iso-paraffins(MIP) catalytic cracking process in 2# catalytic cracking plant of SINOPEC Shanghai Petrochemical Co.,Ltd.was introduced.Based on mechanism of the process,the relationship between key operating conditions of the process and volume fraction of olefin and octane number of gasoline were studied.Result showed that under the current conditions of material and catalyst formulation,and when the temperature of No.1 reaction zone was controlled at about 525 ℃,catalyst activity of the system at about 60,and temperature of No.2 reaction zone at about 515 ℃,the volume fraction of olefin in the gasoline could be controlled within 30%,and the research octane number could be kept above 92%,which could meet the quality demand of gasoline.
Evaluation of (99m)Tc-ciprofloxacin scintigraphy in a rabbit model of Staphylococcus aureus prosthetic joint infection. (2002)

Results of (99m)Tc-ciprofloxacin imaging in rabbits with infected/uninfected knee prosthesis suggest good sensitivity but lack of specificity for the detection of S. aureus infection.
Cloning and screening with nanogram amounts of immunopurified mRNAs: cDNA cloning and chromosomal mapping of cystathionine beta-synthase and the beta subunit of propionyl-CoA carboxylase. (1986)

We have developed conditions for efficient cDNA cloning of nanogram amounts of purified mRNAs coding for cystathionine beta-synthase [L-serine hydro-lyase (adding homocysteine), EC 4.2.1.22] and for the cytosolic precursors of mitochondrial ornithine transcarbamylase (carbamoylphosphate:L-ornithine carbamoyltransferase, EC 2.1.3.3) and the beta subunit of propionyl-CoA carboxylase [propanoyl-CoA: carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming), EC 6.4.1.3]. The three mRNAs, prepared by sequential immunoselection from the same batch of rat liver polysomes, were pooled (20 ng each), and cDNA was synthesized by using avian reverse transcriptase. The second DNA strand was prepared by "nick-translation repair" of the cDNA . mRNA hybrid with RNase H, polymerase I, and DNA ligase from Escherichia coli. The double-stranded (ds) DNA was tailed with deoxycytidine residues, annealed with Pst I-cut/dG-tailed pBR322, and used to transform E. coli. The library generated by this three-step procedure contained 5000 independent colonies. A 550-base-pair (bp) cDNA clone of the beta subunit of propionyl-CoA carboxylase was detected by hybrid-selected translation; it was then used to screen the library for longer cDNAs. Two hybridizing cDNAs, 1200 and 1000 bp long with a 200-bp overlap, representing together a full-length copy of the coding region and 446 bp of 3' untranslated sequence, were recovered. Each plasmid mapped to the region q13.3----q22 of human chromosome 3. Cystathionine beta-synthase clones were obtained by screening the library with a single-stranded [32P]cDNA prepared directly from the highly purified synthase mRNA by reverse transcriptase. The longest hybridizing cDNA of 1700 bp was used in hybrid-selected translation and detected a polypeptide of 63 kDa, identical in size to rat liver synthase. In situ hybridization of this cDNA to q22 of human chromosome 21 confirmed two previous tentative assignments of the synthase locus to this chromosome.
A Histogram Matching Approach for assessment of flow regime alteration: application to environmental flow optimization (2008)

Abstract In this paper we present a Histogram Matching Approach (HMA) for assessment of the flow regime alteration. The HMA uses the degree of histogram dissimilarity as a metric for impact assessment, which is based on the quadratic‐form distance between the frequency vectors of the pre‐ and post‐impact histograms weighted by a specified similarity matrix. The HMA is coupled with an aggregated multiobjective optimization genetic algorithm and applied to a case study on the Kaoping diversion weir (Taiwan) for determining the optimal environmental flow scheme that balances the ecosystem and human needs objectives. Two key issues are addressed in this study. First, we compare the performances of the HMA and existing Range of Variability Approach (RVA). Second, we employ three types of similarity function to investigate their effect on the outcomes of the HMA. The results reveal that the HMA consistently outperforms the RVA in preserving the natural flow variability regardless of what type of similarity function is used. No single type of similarity function can be found that would simultaneously best preserve the natural patterns of 32 Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA). For the situations where the water‐supply reliability is of critical concern, the pulse similarity is recommended because it would assure the smallest water‐supply deficit. If, however, minor degradation in the water‐supply reliability may be overlooked, the linear similarity is suggested because it would generally result in the post‐impact flows that most satisfactorily resemble to the natural flow regime. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of dietary phenolic compounds on apoptosis of human cultured endothelial cells induced by oxidized LDL (1998)

1. Oxidized low density lipoproteins (LDL) are toxic to cultured endothelial cells. Mildly oxidized LDL, characterized by relatively low levels of TBARS and only minor modifications of apoB, were obtained by using 2 experimental model systems of oxidation, namely oxidation by u.v. radiation or ferrylmyoglobin (a two electron oxidation product from the reaction of metmyoglobin with H2O2). 2. Toxic concentrations of mildly oxidized LDL induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) of cultured endothelial cells, as shown by typical morphological features, by the in situ TUNEL procedure and by DNA fragmentation revealed on gel electrophoresis. This apoptosis is calcium-dependent and subsequent to the intense and sustained cytosolic [Ca2+]i peak elicited by oxidized LDL. 3. Five naturally occurring phenolic compounds present in food and beverages were able to prevent, in a concentration-dependent manner, the apoptosis of endothelial cells induced by oxidized LDL. Among the compounds tested, caffeic acid was the most effective. Under the conditions used, the protective effect of caffeic acid (IC50 8.3+/-2.1 micromol l[-1]) in the prevention of apoptosis induced by oxidized LDL was significantly higher than that of the other compounds tested (IC50s were 12.4+/-3.2, 14.1+/-4.1, 20.4+/-4.4 and 72.6+/-9.2 micromol l(-1) for ferulic, protocatechuic, ellagic and p-coumaric acids, respectively). 4. The anti-apoptotic effect of caffeic acid results from the addition of two effects, (i) the antioxidant effect which prevents LDL oxidation and subsequent toxicity ('indirect' protective effect); (ii) a 'direct' cytoprotective effect, acting at the cellular level. 5. Effective concentrations of caffeic acid acted at the cellular level by blocking the intense and sustained cytosolic [Ca2+]i rise elicited by oxidized LDL. 6. In conclusion, phenolic acids (caffeic and ferulic acids being the most potent of the compounds tested under the conditions used) exhibit a potent cytoprotective effect of cultured endothelial cells against oxidized LDL. In addition to antioxidant effect delaying LDL oxidation, caffeic acid acts as a cytoprotective agent, probably by blocking the intracellular signalling triggered by oxidized LDL and culminating in the sustained calcium rise which is involved in oxidized LDL-induced apoptosis.
Elongator and its epigenetic role in plant development and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses (2015)

Elongator, a six-subunit protein complex, was initially isolated as an interactor of hyperphosphorylated RNA polymerase II in yeast, and was subsequently identified in animals and plants. Elongator has been implicated in multiple cellular activities or biological processes including tRNA modification, histone modification, DNA demethylation or methylation, tubulin acetylation, and exocytosis. Studies in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana suggest that the structure of Elongator and its functions are highly conserved between plants and yeast. Disruption of the Elongator complex in plants leads to aberrant growth and development, resistance to abiotic stresses, and susceptibility to plant pathogens. The morphological and physiological phenotypes of Arabidopsis Elongator mutants are associated with decreased histone acetylation and/or altered DNA methylation. This review summarizes recent findings related to the epigenetic function of Elongator in plant development and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses.
Effects of Gravity on Gastric Emptying, Intestinal Transit, and Drug Absorption (1991)

The effects of microgravity on the physiologic response of the human body, the physical properties of gastrointestinal contents, and the influence these responses have on drug absorption are becoming more and more critical as the duration of humans in the hostile space environment dramatically increases. In this environment, some conventional oral dosage forms may be severely limited as an effective drug regimen. To understand the effects of microgravity, one must first understand the basic forces acting on a particle moving through a walled‐tube such as the small intestine: gravity (F G ), buoyancy (F B ), and drag (F D ). These forces can be combined and rearranged into a dimensionless ratio of gravitational forces to viscous forces. This is the most important dimensionless group influencing the motion of a particle relative to the fluid. Gastric emptying is highly influenced by several factors: volume, calories, exercise, size, density, temperature, viscosity, osmolality as well as those factors associated with physiologic responses: splanchnic blood flow, body position, and electrolyte balance. This array of factors can lead to variability in drug plasma levels. In the absence of gravity, the factors of size and density would appear to be most directly altered due to their dependence on the force of gravity. Intestinal transit rate in a gravity environment is highly dependent on the motility state of the GI tract either fasted or fed partly due to the higher viscosities of chyme in the fed state. In space, the absence of gravity may tend to increase the transit rate along the small intestine by decreasing the dimensionless ratio of gravitational forces to viscous forces. In zero gravity, therefore, these alterations in GI emptying and intestinal transit rate could lead to erratic plasma levels and inefficient absorption.
Synthesis, characterization, and molecular modeling studies of novel polyurethanes based on 2,2′‐[ethane‐1,2‐diylbis(nitrilomethylylidene)]diphenol and 2,2′‐[hexane‐1,6‐diylbis(nitrilomethylylidene)] diphenol hard segments (2006)

Abstract Novel polyurethanes (PUs) based on 2,2′‐[ethane‐1,2‐diylbis(nitrilomethylylidene)]diphenol and 2,2′‐[hexane‐1,6‐diylbis(nitrilomethylylidene)]diphenol as hard segments containing four aromatic diisocyanates (4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate, toluene 2,4‐diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, and hexamethylene diisocyanate) have been prepared. Fourier transform infrared, UV spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy, 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential thermal analysis have been used to determine the structural characterization and thermal properties of the segmented PUs. All the PUs contain domains of both semicrystalline and amorphous structures, as indicated by X‐ray diffraction. The acoustic properties have been calculated with the group contribution method. Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed on all the PUs to estimate the cohesive energy density and solubility parameter values, which compare well with the values calculated with the group contribution method. Furthermore, the simulation protocols have been applied to the PUs to produce X‐ray diffraction plots to determine the phase morphology of the PUs. The surface properties of the PUs have been estimated from the simulation protocols. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 6032–6046, 2006
Separation of multiple secondary surveillance radar sources in a real environment by a novel projection algorithm (2006)

Multilateration systems based on secondary surveillance radar (SSR) and omni-directional antennae are operational today (P. Bezousek, 1998) with expected capacity limitations due to the increase of the air traffic. Assuming the replacement of the omni-directional antenna by an array, we proposed new algorithms in previous works (N. Petrochilos, July 2002), (N. Petrochilos, et al., May 2004). Unfortunately, they have some shortcomings, an expensive computational cost, and a not-so simple practical implementation. Therefore, there is a need for reliable, simple, effective algorithms such as the one we present here to separate multiple SSR signals. Real signals (as recorded in a live environment) are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm
Robust non-local denoising of colored depth data (2008)

We give a brief discussion of denoising algorithms for depth data and introduce a novel technique based on the NL-Means Filter. A unified approach is presented that removes outliers from depth data and accordingly achieves an unbiased smoothing result. This robust denoising algorithm takes intra-patch similarity and optional color information into account in order to handle strong discontinuities and to preserve fine detail structure in the data. We achieve fast computation times with a GPU-based implementation. Results using data from a time-of-flight camera system show a significant gain in visual quality.
Real-Time Data and Analysis of the Use of Office Space (2007)

Ambient Intelligent Systems have been proposed for their potential to track collaborative activities in the workplace, capture them, and in real time respond to them. The longer term goal is to develop embedded technologies that provide intelligent feedback in predictable office environments but also address the unpredictable working environments of nomadic knowledge workers and of remote workers engaged in virtual collaboration with those physically present. Some of these systems are relatively close to market and others are less immediately applicable. This paper suggests that a heterogeneous mix of such systems is likely to be necessary for some time to come. A prototype real time location system for mapping the real-time location of workers in offices has been developed by Johnson Controls. During tests it has been found to positively assist in gathering information for better management of space and support of collaborative activity. This has proved to justify the costs.
Extensible Authentication Protocol Method for 3rd Generation Authentication and Key Agreement (EAP-AKA) (2006)

This document specifies an Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)
mechanism for authentication and session key distribution using the
Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA) mechanism used in the 3rd
generation mobile networks Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
(UMTS) and cdma2000. AKA is based on symmetric keys, and runs
typically in a Subscriber Identity Module (UMTS Subscriber Identity
Module USIM, or (Removable) User Identity Module (R)UIM), a smart card
like device. EAP-AKA includes optional identity privacy support,
optional result indications, and an optional fast re-authentication
procedure.