gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SoilGrids250m: Global gridded soil information based on machine learning (2017)

This paper describes the technical development and accuracy assessment of the most recent and improved version of the SoilGrids system at 250m resolution (June 2016 update). SoilGrids provides global predictions for standard numeric soil properties (organic carbon, bulk density, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), pH, soil texture fractions and coarse fragments) at seven standard depths (0, 5, 15, 30, 60, 100 and 200 cm), in addition to predictions of depth to bedrock and distribution of soil classes based on the World Reference Base (WRB) and USDA classification systems (ca. 280 raster layers in total). Predictions were based on ca. 150,000 soil profiles used for training and a stack of 158 remote sensing-based soil covariates (primarily derived from MODIS land products, SRTM DEM derivatives, climatic images and global landform and lithology maps), which were used to fit an ensemble of machine learning methods-random forest and gradient boosting and/or multinomial logistic regression-as implemented in the R packages ranger, xgboost, nnet and caret. The results of 10-fold cross-validation show that the ensemble models explain between 56% (coarse fragments) and 83% (pH) of variation with an overall average of 61%. Improvements in the relative accuracy considering the amount of variation explained, in comparison to the previous version of SoilGrids at 1 km spatial resolution, range from 60 to 230%. Improvements can be attributed to: (1) the use of machine learning instead of linear regression, (2) to considerable investments in preparing finer resolution covariate layers and (3) to insertion of additional soil profiles. Further development of SoilGrids could include refinement of methods to incorporate input uncertainties and derivation of posterior probability distributions (per pixel), and further automation of spatial modeling so that soil maps can be generated for potentially hundreds of soil variables. Another area of future research is the development of methods for multiscale merging of SoilGrids predictions with local and/or national gridded soil products (e.g. up to 50 m spatial resolution) so that increasingly more accurate, complete and consistent global soil information can be produced. SoilGrids are available under the Open Data Base License.
Temperature dependence of acoustic harmonics generated by nonlinear ultrasound beam propagation in <i>ex vivo</i> tissue and tissue-mimicking phantoms (2015)

The findings suggest that the harmonics generated due to nonlinear ultrasound beam propagation are highly sensitive to temperature and could potentially be used for noninvasive ultrasound tissue thermometry.
Sedimentología y Paleografía Del Terciario En El Área De SAN Esteban DE Gormaz-El Burgo De Osma (Soria) (1990)

espanolLos depositos terciarios en la region de San Esteban de Gormaz- Burgo de Osma (corredor. de Osma, Soria) fueron originados por sistemas fluviales, drenando areas mesozoicas bajo los efectos de un clima arido y creando ambientes palustres y lacustres con caracter efimero en la llanura de inundacion. La sedimentacion estuvo controlada por la actuacion de las diferentes fases tectonicas que operaron en la actual sierra de Cameros y cadena Iberica. La cuenca sedimentaria presentaba una compartimentacion de origen tectonico que motivo que estas subcuencas creadas actuasen independientemente unas de otras. Ello explica que la comparacion litologica con areas proximas sea problematica. Por otro lado, se estudia la columna estratigrafica general de la region y se discute la sedimentologia y paleogeografia, a la vez que se da una aproximacion de la edad relativa de estos depositos al relacionar las caracteristicas litologicas, estratigraficas y cartograficas con los rasgos geologicos establecidos por diferentes autores para este borde de la cuenca del Duero y los sustratos paleozoicos y mesozoicos que bordean esta cuenca. EnglishThe Tertiary deposits were caused by fluvial system in the region of San Esteban de Gormaz-Burgo de Osma (Osma corridor, Soria), draining Mesozoic areas under the effTects of an arid climate and creating palustrine and lacustrine environments of a temporary character in the flood plain. Sedimentation was controlled by different tectonic phases, operating on the present Sierra de Cameros and the Iberian Chain. The sedimentary basin showed division of tectonic origin which caused these basins to act independently. This explains why the lithological comparison with nearby areas can not be done. The general stratigraphic column of the region is established and the sedimentology and palaeogeography are discussed. At the same time, an approximation is given of the relative age of these deposits by relating the lithologic, stratigraphic and cartographic characteristics with the geological features established by different authors for this area along the Duero river basin and the paleozoic and mesozoic substraia bordering it.
Stability of Electrode Potentials in Needle-Type Glucose Sensors Influence of Needle Material (1989)

International audience
Analysis, Insights and Generalization of a Fast Decentralized Relay Selection Mechanism (2009)

Relay selection for cooperative communications has attracted considerable research interest recently. While several criteria have been proposed for selecting one or more relays and analyzed, mechanisms that perform the selection in a distributed manner have received relatively less attention. In this paper, we analyze a splitting algorithm for selecting the single best relay amongst a known number of active nodes in a cooperative network. We develop new and exact asymptotic analysis for computing the average number of slots required to resolve the best relay. We then propose and analyze a new algorithm that addresses the general problem of selecting the best Q ges 1 relays. Regardless of the number of relays, the algorithm selects the best two relays within 4.406 slots and the best three within 6.491 slots, on average. Our analysis also brings out an intimate relationship between multiple access selection and multiple access control algorithms.
Expression of extracellular matrix components is regulated by substratum. (1990)

Reconstituted basement membranes and extracellular matrices have been demonstrated to affect, positively and dramatically, the production of milk proteins in cultured mammary epithelial cells. Here we show that both the expression and the deposition of extracellular matrix components themselves are regulated by substratum. The steady-state levels of the laminin, type IV collagen, and fibronectin mRNAs in mammary epithelial cells cultured on plastic dishes and on type I collagen gels have been examined, as has the ability of these cells to synthesize, secrete, and deposit laminin and other, extracellular matrix proteins. We demonstrate de novo synthesis of a basement membrane by cells cultured on type I collagen gels which have been floated into the medium. Expression of the mRNA and proteins of basement membranes, however, are quite low in these cultures. In contrast, the levels of laminin, type IV collagen, and fibronectin mRNAs are highest in cells cultured on plastic surfaces, where no basement membrane is deposited. It is suggested that the interaction between epithelial cells and both basement membrane and stromally derived matrices exerts a negative influence on the expression of mRNA for extracellular matrix components. In addition, we show that the capacity for lactational differentiation correlates with conditions that favor the deposition of a continuous basement membrane, and argue that the interaction between specialized epithelial cells and stroma enables them to create their own microenvironment for accurate signal transduction and phenotypic function.
New crossbeam inspection tool combining an ultrahigh-resolution field emission SEM and a high-resolution FIB (2002)

The combination of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and focused ion beam (FIB) is a future key technology for semiconductor and material science related applications. A new CrossBeam tool is discussed in this presentation. Through the combination of the well known Gemini ultrahigh resolution field emission SEM column and the well known Canion31 + high performance FIB column a wide field of applications can now be accessed. This includes structural cross-sections for SEM and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) applications, device modification, failure analysis, sublayer measurement and examination, as well as SEM and FIB related analytical techniques such as energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), wavelength dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (WDS), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) etc. Real time high resolution SEM imaging of the cutting and deposition process enables the researcher to perform very accurate three dimensional structural examinations and device modifications.
Protein Stabilization of Emulsions and Foams (2005)

ABSTRACT: Proteins play an important role as macromolecular surfactants in foam and emulsion‐type food products. The functioning of proteins in these applications is determined by their structure and properties in the adsorbed layers at air‐water and oil‐water interfaces. In addition, because typical food proteins are mixtures of several protein components, interaction between these components in the adsorbed layer also impacts their ability as surfactants to stabilize dispersed systems. In this paper, recent progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the formation and stability of protein‐stabilized foams and emulsions has been reviewed.
Control of Noise Transmission into a Cylinder Using Adaptive Helmholtz Resonators and Passive Vibration Absorbers (2003)

This paper describes a method for controlling broadband sound transmission into a cylinder using passive vibration absorbers and adaptive Helmholtz resonators (HR). Both frequency and time domain models of the system are developed. The control law, called the dot-product method, uses two microphone signals local to each HR, in order to tune the resonator to peaks in the spectrum by altering the neck length of the resonator. The model as well as an experiment on a large composite cylinder shows that the dot-product method can track changes in the natural frequency of a targeted acoustic mode in order maintain performance. Numerical simulations also demonstrate that the dotproduct method can tune the HRs to a near optimal solution over a broad frequency range (40-160Hz).
Tissue Transglutaminase-Catalyzed Formation of High-Molecular-Weight Aggregatesin VitroIs Favored with Long Polyglutamine Domains: A Possible Mechanism Contributing to CAG-Triplet Diseases (1998)

To investigate possible biochemical mechanisms underlying the "toxic gain of function" associated with polyglutamine expansions, the ability of guinea pig liver tissue transglutaminase to catalyze covalent attachments of various polyamines to polyglutamine peptides was examined. Of the polyamines tested, spermine is the most active substrate, followed by spermidine and putrescine. Formation of covalent cross links between polyglutamine peptides and polyamines yields high-M(r) aggregates--a process that is favored with longer polyglutamines. In the presence of tissue transglutaminase, purified glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (a key glycolytic enzyme that binds tightly to the polyglutamine domains of both huntingtin and dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy proteins) is covalently attached to polyglutamine peptides in vitro, resulting in the formation of high-M(r) aggregates. In addition, endogenous glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of a Balb-c 3T3 fibroblast cell line overexpressing human tissue transglutaminase forms cross-links with a Q60 polypeptide added to the cell homogenate. Possibly, expansion of polyglutamine domains (thus far known to occur in the gene products associated with at least seven neurodegenerative diseases) leads to increased/aberrant tissue transglutaminase-catalyzed cross-linking reactions with both polyamines and susceptible proteins, such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Formation of cross-linked heteropolymers may lead to deposition of high-M(r) protein aggregates, thereby contributing to cell death.
Composites with carbon nanotubes and graphene: An outlook (2018)

Composite materials with carbon nanotube and graphene additives have long been considered as exciting prospects among nanotechnology applications. However, after nearly two decades of work in the area, questions remain about the practical impact of nanotube and graphene composites. This uncertainty stems from factors that include poor load transfer, interfacial engineering, dispersion, and viscosity-related issues that lead to processing challenges in such nanocomposites. Moreover, there has been little effort to identify selection rules for the use of nanotubes or graphene in composite matrices for specific applications. This review is a critical look at the status of composites for developing high-strength, low-density, high-conductivity materials with nanotubes or graphene. An outlook of the different approaches that can lead to practically useful nanotube and graphene composites is presented, pointing out the challenges and opportunities that exist in the field.
Influence of hexamine and sodium nitrite in combination with sodium benzoate and sodium propionate on fermentation and hygienic quality of wilted and long cut grass silage (1999)

Bale silage is usually made from long or restricted cut grass. Long cut herbage may be difficult to ensile, because of delayed and heterogenous fermentation. The aim of the present study was to find the optimal composition and level of an additive based on a mixture of hexamine, ie hexamethylene-tetraamine (HMTA) and sodium nitrite (NaN) together with sodium benzoate (NaB) and sodium propionate (NaP) to restrict aerobic deterioration. The silage crop (318 g DM kg−1; 158 g CP, 98 g ash, 89 g WSC, a buffering capacity of 200 mE and an ME value of 8.7 MJ per kg DM) consisting of about 30% ryegrass (Lolium perenne L), 30% meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis L) and 40% timothy (Phleum pratense L) was harvested by a self-loading wagon. Grass was ensiled in 4 l PVC laboratory silos. Silos of each treatment were either closed immediately with a water-seal or aerated with 2.3 l air per 24 h during the first 12 days of ensiling. Silages were treated with additives containing different concentrations and combinations of HMTA, NaN, NaB and NaP. Formic acid treated silage and untreated silage were used as controls. A mixture of HMTA and NaN (KSQ) improved fermentation by reducing pH, butyric acid, ammonia and increasing lactic acid and residual water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) concentrations. This mixture also reduced the number of Clostridium spores in the silage. Addition to 300 g HMTA and 450 g NaN ton−1 FM was satisfactory to improve fermentation and restrict clostridial activity, but the aerobic stability of the silage was low. Addition of organic acid salts was more effective and improved both fermentation and storage stability. NaB (800 g) or a mixture of 690 g NaB and 210 g NaP was satisfactory to control aerobic stability. The use of HMTA and NaN in combination with NaB and NaP resulted in high hygienic quality and storage stability of silage made from unchopped and wilted grass. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry
Impact Properties of Acrylic Denture Base Resin (1989)

The temperature dependence of the impact strength, resilience, and toughness of the acrylic denture base resins on temperature changes was examined by using a modified impact testing machine. In addition, the creep properties and the residual monomer of their resins were measured; and considering these properties, the impact characteristics of the denture base resins were discussed. With an increase in temperature, the impact properties of all the acrylic denture base resins tested decreased. Furthermore, there was an adequate correlation between the impact characteristics and the amount of the residual monomer. The coefficient of correlation was 0.92 for the impact strength, -0.95 for the resilience and 0.94 for the toughness. For the cold cured acrylic resins, both elastic moduli obtained by the impact test and by the creep test increased obviously according to an increase in the time which elapsed after polymerization.
The Cover (2002)

"Well, this will do," declared Philander Chase (1775-1852), bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Diocese of Ohio, standing atop a hill in Knox County, Ohio, with friend Henry B. Curtis of nearby Mount Vernon. The bishop sought a new home for his fledgling college and seminary, Kenyon College, and on a fine July day in 1825 he felt he had discovered one.
Adoptive Transfer of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Nuclear Antigen 1–Specific T Cells As Treatment for EBV Reactivation and Lymphoproliferative Disorders After Allogeneic Stem-Cell Transplantation (2012)

Adoptive ex vivo transfer of EBNA-1-specific T cells is a feasible and well-tolerated therapeutic option, representing a fast and efficient procedure to achieve reconstitution of antiviral T-cell immunity after SCT.
The realization of arbitrary downsizing video transcoding (2006)

In order to transmit the precoded bit stream through bandwidth constrained network, transcoding technique has been introduced to reduce the overall bit rate generated. Downsizing transcoding is one of the commonly used methods since it can reach very low bit rate without losing any motion information. Many efforts have been devoted to this research area. With the proposal of arbitrary downsizing, fine gradual reduction of bit rate and video quality becomes feasible. However, there is little research focusing on frame size selection for arbitrary downsizing transcoding. In this letter, the realization of arbitrary downsizing transcoding is discussed. Rate estimation scheme is applied on video sequences to choose the suitable frame size for the target bit rate. An efficient method is proposed to estimate the number of bits allocated to residue in requantization process. Experimental results show that, it can provide an accurate estimation and make a reliable decision in frame size selection.
Interruption of intrachromosomal looping by CCCTC binding factor decoy proteins abrogates genomic imprinting of human insulin-like growth factor II (2011)

Monoallelic expression of IGF2 is regulated by CCCTC binding factor (CTCF) binding to the imprinting control region (ICR) on the maternal allele, with subsequent formation of an intrachromosomal loop to the promoter region. The N-terminal domain of CTCF interacts with SUZ12, part of the polycomb repressive complex-2 (PRC2), to silence the maternal allele. We synthesized decoy CTCF proteins, fusing the CTCF deoxyribonucleic acid-binding zinc finger domain to CpG methyltransferase Sss1 or to enhanced green fluorescent protein. In normal human fibroblasts and breast cancer MCF7 cell lines, the CTCF decoy proteins bound to the unmethylated ICR and to the IGF2 promoter region but did not interact with SUZ12. EZH2, another part of PRC2, was unable to methylate histone H3-K27 in the IGF2 promoter region, resulting in reactivation of the imprinted allele. The intrachromosomal loop between the maternal ICR and the IGF2 promoters was not observed when IGF2 imprinting was lost. CTCF epigenetically governs allelic gene expression of IGF2 by orchestrating chromatin loop structures involving PRC2.
Imidazo[1,2<i>-a</i>]pyrimidines as Functionally Selective and Orally Bioavailable GABA<sub>A</sub>α2/α3 Binding Site Agonists for the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders (2005)

A series of high-affinity GABA(A) agonists with good oral bioavailability in rat and dog and functional selectivity for the GABA(A)alpha2 and -alpha3 subtypes is reported. The 7-trifluoromethylimidazopyrimidine 14g and the 7-propan-2-olimidazopyrimidine 14k are anxiolytic in both conditioned and unconditioned animal models of anxiety with minimal sedation observed at full BZ binding site occupancy.
Immune-complex-mediated vasculitis increases coronary artery lipid accumulation in autoimmune-prone MRL mice. (1993)

MRL/lpr mice develop severe autoimmune disease and vasculitis by 5 months of age, whereas congenic strain MRL/n mice exhibit much milder vasculitis with a later age of onset. When maintained on a high-fat, high-cholesterol (atherogenic) diet, strain MRL/lpr mice exhibited a striking deposition of lipid in both the large and small coronary arteries, whereas strain MRL/n mice exhibited very little lipid accumulation. Neither strain exhibited lipid accumulation on a low-fat chow diet. The atherogenic diet induced hyperlipidemia in both strains, but surprisingly the levels of atherogenic apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins were much lower in MRL/lpr mice. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that immune complexes (immunoglobulins G and M), T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, granulocytes, apolipoprotein B, and serum amyloid A proteins were present in the walls of the coronary arteries that had vasculitis and lipid accumulation. By 6-7 months of age, MRL/lpr mice had a higher incidence of myocardial infarction in the atherogenic diet group (53%) compared with the chow group (14%), whereas MRL/n mice exhibited no myocardial infarction on either diet. These results suggest important interactions between vasculitis, hyperlipidemia, and arterial lipid accumulation. They support the concept that injury to the vessel wall in immune-complex-mediated vasculitis increases lipid deposition in the presence of hyperlipidemia.
Electrolysis and other local ablative treatments for non‐resectable colorectal liver metastases (2002)

The present paper is a review of the current ablative treatment options for the treatment of colorectal liver metastases. Cryotherapy, microwave coagulation therapy, radiofrequency ablation and laser-induced thermotherapy are discussed. Electrolysis, a novel non-thermal ablative treatment, is described. Potential benefits of electrolysis include the apparent ability to safely and effectively treat lesions abutting major hepatic structures and the lack of a systemic inflammatory reaction following electrolytic ablation. Further studies in animals and humans are needed to confirm this potential and to further refine the methods of electrolytic treatment of colorectal liver metastases.
56-Gbaud 4-PAM (112-Gbit/s) operation of flip-chip interconnection lumped-electrode EADFB laser module for equalizer-free transmission (2016)

We fabricated a lumped-electrode type EADFB laser module using a flip-chip interconnection technique which provides a large modulation bandwidth. We obtained clear 56-Gbaud 4-PAM signal after 10-km SMF transmission with no equalizer using this module.
Management of inflammatory complications in third molar surgery: a review of the literature. (2011)

Inflammatory complications after third molar surgery still remains an important factor in quality of life of patients at the early postoperative periods. Oral surgeons should be aware of the different modalities of alleviation of these complications to make postoperative recovery more comfortable for patients.