gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on the pathogenesis of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella choleraesuis var kunzendorf infection in weanling pigs (1986)

Twenty-six 4-week-old pigs were randomly allotted to 4 groups: group 1--orally inoculated with Salmonella typhimurium; group 2--orally dosed with S choleraesuis; and groups 3 and 4, with surgically constructed intestinal loops--loops inoculated with either S typhimurium or S choleraesuis. One pig each from groups 1 and 2 was killed at 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours after inoculation. One pig each from groups 3 and 4 was killed at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours after intestinal loop inoculation. Inoculation of S typhimurium resulted in acute enterocolitis of variable severity, whereas inoculation of S choleraesuis resulted initially in septicemia followed by formation of large necrotic and ulcerative lesions in the colonic mucosa. The most consistent systemic lesion of S choleraesuis infection was interstitial pneumonia and multifocal hepatic necrosis. Salmonella typhimurium and S choleraesuis were ultrastructurally within enterocytes of ligated ileal loops. Intracellular bacteria were morphologically intact, occurred free in the cytoplasm and membrane bound, and caused no detectable cytotoxic effect to the cell. Both S typhimurium and S choleraesuis penetrated the intestinal mucosa and were isolated from mesenteric lymph nodes at 2 hours after inoculation.
Deep Learning for Person Re-identification: A Survey and Outlook (2020)

Person re-identification (Re-ID) aims at retrieving a person of interest across multiple non-overlapping cameras. With the advancement of deep neural networks and increasing demand of intelligent video surveillance, it has gained significantly increased interest in the computer vision community. By dissecting the involved components in developing a person Re-ID system, we categorize it into the closed-world and open-world settings. The widely studied closed-world setting is usually applied under various research-oriented assumptions, and has achieved inspiring success using deep learning techniques on a number of datasets. We first conduct a comprehensive overview with in-depth analysis for closed-world person Re-ID from three different perspectives, including deep feature representation learning, deep metric learning and ranking optimization. With the performance saturation under closed-world setting, the research focus for person Re-ID has recently shifted to the open-world setting, facing more challenging issues. This setting is closer to practical applications under specific scenarios. We summarize the open-world Re-ID in terms of five different aspects. By analyzing the advantages of existing methods, we design a powerful AGW baseline, achieving state-of-the-art or at least comparable performance on twelve datasets for FOUR different Re-ID tasks. Meanwhile, we introduce a new evaluation metric (mINP) for person Re-ID, indicating the cost for finding all the correct matches, which provides an additional criteria to evaluate the Re-ID system for real applications. Finally, some important yet under-investigated open issues are discussed.
High‐Temperature Electrical Conductivity Measurements on Nanostructured Yttria‐Doped Ceria Thin Films in Ozone (2011)

We have investigated how ozone affects high‐temperature electrical properties of nanostructured yttria‐doped ceria ( YDC ) thin films using impedance spectroscopy. It is found that predominantly ionic conductivity in the doped‐ceria lattice is not altered upon exposure to ozone. The grain boundaries in YDC ultra‐thin films, in contrast, exhibited a substantial increase in resistance in ozone‐rich environment. While activation energy for lattice conduction in ozone was similar to air, being close to 1 eV, grain boundary activation energy increased notably from ~1.3 eV in air to 1.7 eV in ozone. Also, we have investigated kinetics of resistance change in such thin films in air and in ozone ambient using galvanostatic measurements and found that the rapid resistance change observed in ozone was reversible. Mechanisms leading to the observation and implications for ozone‐ceria film surface interactions are discussed.
Effect of the beta adrenergic blocking agent propranolol on essential tremor (1973)

A double blind trial of a single 40 mg dose of the beta adrenergic blocking agent propranolol in the treatment of essential tremor produced significant reduction of tremor in four of five patients, but this effect was transient and had considerably diminished within four hours. A month's double blind clinical trial of propranolol, in a dose of 30 mg three times a day, showed that the active drug gave statistically better results than placebo for the attenuation of tremor. The mode of action of propranolol in the reduction of essential tremor is probably a dual one, due both to blockage of peripheral beta receptors and to a central depressant effect.
The Prognostic Value of Altered eIF3a and Its Association with p27 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers (2014)

Our findings suggested altered eIF3a expression closely correlated with p27 status, and the association was of prognostic value for resected NSCLC. Altered expression of eIF3a and p27 predicted prognosis of NSCLC independently.
Non‐Cartesian parallel imaging reconstruction (2014)

Non-Cartesian parallel imaging has played an important role in reducing data acquisition time in MRI. The use of non-Cartesian trajectories can enable more efficient coverage of k-space, which can be leveraged to reduce scan times. These trajectories can be undersampled to achieve even faster scan times, but the resulting images may contain aliasing artifacts. Just as Cartesian parallel imaging can be used to reconstruct images from undersampled Cartesian data, non-Cartesian parallel imaging methods can mitigate aliasing artifacts by using additional spatial encoding information in the form of the nonhomogeneous sensitivities of multi-coil phased arrays. This review will begin with an overview of non-Cartesian k-space trajectories and their sampling properties, followed by an in-depth discussion of several selected non-Cartesian parallel imaging algorithms. Three representative non-Cartesian parallel imaging methods will be described, including Conjugate Gradient SENSE (CG SENSE), non-Cartesian generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition (GRAPPA), and Iterative Self-Consistent Parallel Imaging Reconstruction (SPIRiT). After a discussion of these three techniques, several potential promising clinical applications of non-Cartesian parallel imaging will be covered.
Nanoscale Limit to the Applicability of Wenzel’s Equation (2010)

We examine the extent to which nanoscale geometric substrate roughness influences the contact angle droplets establish on solid surfaces. Free-energy-based Monte Carlo simulation methods are used to compute contact angles and interfacial tensions of a model Lennard-Jones fluid on substrates with regular one-dimensional heterogeneities characterized by amplitudes and periodicities in the 2-25 nm range. We focus on a relatively strong surface that facilitates the formation of Wenzel droplets. Our results enable us to probe the validity of Wenzel's model at these length scales. We find that the aforementioned model predicts the evolution of the contact angle with near-quantitative accuracy over a wide range of amplitudes for substrates with periodicities larger than approximately 20 fluid diameters, or 10 nm for an argon-like system. However, below this length scale the Wenzel model provides progressively poorer estimates of the contact angle as the periodicity of the substrate features decreases. At these relatively small length scales, the Wenzel model overestimates the influence of roughness. To complete our analysis, we introduce a means to overcome sampling difficulties that arise at intermediate densities during grand canonical simulation. Specifically, we describe a two-step process that enables us to access the free energy of a system containing a thick liquid film in contact with the substrate. The process involves high-temperature grand canonical simulation followed by temperature-expanded ensemble simulation at relatively high surface density.
The vertical integration of crystalline NMOS and amorphous orientational edge detector (1992)

The integration of the amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) orientational edge detector on top of the crystalline silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) transistor has been achieved. The edge detector is an effective input device for pattern recognition in which only the skeleton of the object will be extracted, while the underlying MOSFET can amplify the response of the edge detector and perform further analysis. This integration can be viewed as a key step in combining crystalline silicon readout circuit and amorphous silicon edge detector to form three-dimensional architecture. It is a promising technique for future application in neural image sensors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Absorption of Sound in Air versus Humidity and Temperature (1966)

Measurements have been made of the absorption of sound in air at 13-octave frequency intervals from 2000 to 12 500 Hz, as a function of humidity, at six temperatures in the range from −0.5° to 25.1°C at normal atmospheric pressure. The results of the new study are presented and compared with those of past investigations. Then a “best fit” is obtained to existing data. The resulting information is presented in both tabular and graphical form, useful for the solutions to problems of the calculation of attenuation of sound propagated in the atmosphere and the computation of the effects of air absorption in problems of room acoustics. These results have been extrapolated downward in frequency to 125 Hz and extrapolated to cover the temperature range from −10° to 30°C at normal atmospheric pressure.
Collective acceleration of protons in relativistic electron beam propagation in evacuated drift tubes (1981)

The results are presented of a series of experiments investigating the mechanisms leading to the collective acceleration of protons occurring in electron beam propagation through evacuated drift tubes. Detailed measurements have been made of the electron and ion beam propagation and of the ion energy spectra. The results show that the acceleration cannot occur as a result of a beam head or deep potential well mechanism. It seems likely that the acceleration is due to the self-excitation of a wave on the beam, possibly the electron-ion two-stream instability.
Alkanediyl-.alpha.,.omega.-bis(dimethylalkylammonium bromide) surfactants. 2. Structure of the lyotropic mesophases in the presence of water (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkanediyl-.alpha.,.omega.-bis(dimethylalkylammonium bromide) surfactants. 2. Structure of the lyotropic mesophases in the presence of waterE. Alami, H. Levy, R. Zana, and A. SkouliosCite this: Langmuir 1993, 9, 4, 940–944Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00028a011https://doi.org/10.1021/la00028a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views655Altmetric-Citations161LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Quality control studies of 3 deep-frozen coagulation-active fresh frozen plasma preparations from various suppliers and a new virus-inactivated lyophilized pooled plasma preparation]. (1991)

Fresh frozen plasma is the most important therapeutic agent in acquired coagulation disorders. We investigated the quality of three conventional fresh-frozen plasma preparations (groups I, II, IV) and one new virus-inactivated lyophilised pooled plasma preparation (group III). In the new plasma preparation we found a significant reduction in coagulation activity, a significantly higher pH value and a highly significant rise in plasma heparin levels. No significant difference in electrolytes, protein levels and concentration or complement activity was found in any of the groups. In conclusion, unlike conventional fresh-frozen plasma, this new virus-inactivated lyophilised pooled plasma preparation does not seem to be suitable for use in therapy of coagulation disorders.
Effects of SS320A, a New Cysteine Derivative, on the Change in the Number of Goblet Cells Induced by Isoproterenol in Rat Tracheal Epithelium (1998)

We examined the effects of SS320A ((-)-(R)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxypropylthio)propionic acid), a new cysteine derivative, on the change in the number of goblet cells induced by isoproterenol in rat tracheal epithelium. Four types of goblet cells were characterized in tracheal epithelium according to their size and staining affinity with Alcian blue (AB) / periodic acid Schiff (PAS). When each rat was given a single daily injection of isoproterenol (0.05 mg/kg, i.p.) for 14 days, a significant increase was observed in AB/PAS-positive cells that were recognizable as goblet cells in tracheal epithelium. When SS320A (10-100 mg/kg, p.o.) or propranolol (1 mg/kg, s.c.) was administered before each injection of isoproterenol, the increase in the number of goblet cells induced by isoproterenol was significantly inhibited. There was no difference between male and female rats with regard to this inhibitory action. On the other hand, ambroxol, bromhexine, L-cysteine ethyl ester and S-carboxymethylcysteine (100 mg/kg, p.o., respectively), which are used as expectorants, had no inhibitory effects on the isoproterenol-induced change in the number of goblet cells. Four metabolites (M1-M4) of SS320A in rats also failed to inhibit the change induced by isoproterenol. These data suggest that SS320A itself may have a beneficial effect against mucus hypersecretion in chronic respiratory diseases.
A high fill-factor uncooled infrared detector with low noise characteristic (2008)

An uncooled capacitive type bimaterial infrared detector with high fill-factor and improved noise characteristic is investigated. Top electrode is insulated from the substrate thermally as well as electrically. Only small dimension (10μmx2μmx0.2μm) of SiO<sub>2</sub> only layer (thermal insulation leg) assures thermal conductance of 1.06x10<sup>-7</sup>W/K, while keeping the infrared absorber (top electrode) separated from the bias signal. Due to the decreased thermal isolation leg length, high fill-factor of 0.77 is achieved. The bimaterial leg that connects the infrared absorber to the thermal insulation leg is a 38μm long cantilever structure composed of Al and SiO<sub>2</sub> bi-layer, which has large difference in the thermal expansion coefficient (Al:25ppm/K and SiO2:0.35ppm/K). Bimaterial leg length (38μm) is quite shorter than the previously designed device, resulting in the decreased bending of the bimaterial leg. However, the increased fill-factor reduces temperature fluctuation noise term that is inversely proportional to the absorber area, and it is found by FEM simulation that the enhanced mechanical properties such as spring constant reduce the thermo-mechanical noise term of the proposed device.
Spectrum of USH2A mutations in Scandinavian patients with Usher syndrome type II (2008)

Usher syndrome type II (USH2) is an autosomal recessive disorder, characterised by moderate to severe high-frequency hearing impairment, normal balance function and progressive visual impairment due to retinitis pigmentosa. Usher syndrome type IIa, the most common subtype, is defined by mutations in the USH2A gene encoding a short and a recently discovered long usherin isoform comprising 21 and 73 exons, respectively. More than 120 different disease-causing mutations have been reported, however, most of the previous reports concern mutations restricted to exons 1-21 of the USH2A gene. To explore the spectrum of USH2A disease-causing mutations among Scandinavian USH2 cases, patients from 118 unrelated families of which 27 previously had been found to carry mutations in exons 1-21 were subjected to extensive DNA sequence analysis of the full size USH2A gene. Altogether, 122 USH2A DNA sequence alterations were identified of which 57 were predicted to be disease-causing, 7 were considered to be of uncertain pathogenicity and 58 were predicted to be benign variants. Of 36 novel pathogenic USH2A mutations 31 were located in exons 22-73, specific to the long isoform. USH2A mutations were identified in 89/118 (75.4%) families. In 79/89 (88.8%) of these families two pathogenic mutations were identified whereas in 10/89 (11.2%) families the second mutation remained unidentified. In 5/118 (4.2%) families the USH phenotype could be explained by mutations in the USH3A gene. The results presented here provide a comprehensive picture of the genetic aetiology of Usher syndrome type IIA in Scandinavia as it is known to date.
Compatibility of BAS 9052 OH with Acifluorfen and Bentazon (1983)

Large crabgrass [ Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. # DIGSA] control with BAS 9052 OH {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)-butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexene-1-one} was similar whether applied alone or in combination with acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl) phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid}. Combinations of BAS 9052 OH and bentazon [3-isopropyl-1 H -2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4-(3 H )-one 2,2-dioxide] gave decreased grass control compared to BAS 9052 OH alone. This antagonism between BAS 9052 OH and bentazon was eliminated by applying bentazon as a separate application 1.5 h or longer before the application of BAS 9052 OH. A 0.2 h interval between applications of the herbicides decreased large crabgrass control compared to control obtained with BAS 9052 OH applied alone, but the decrease was signifciantly less than occurred with a concurrent application of the two herbicides.
Apnea, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, and Home Monitoring (2003)

This Policy Statement was retired May 2012. More than 25 years have elapsed since continuous cardiorespiratory monitoring at home was suggested to decrease the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). In the ensuing interval, multiple studies have been unable to establish the alleged efficacy of its use. In this statement, the most recent research information concerning extreme limits for a prolonged course of apnea of prematurity is reviewed. Recommendations regarding the appropriate use of home cardiorespiratory monitoring after hospital discharge emphasize limiting use to specific clinical indications for a predetermined period, using only monitors equipped with an event recorder, and counseling parents that monitor use does not prevent sudden, unexpected death in all circumstances. The continued implementation of proven SIDS prevention measures is encouraged.
Human Herpesvirus 6 in Lung Tissue from Patients with Pneumonitis after Bone Marrow Transplantation (1993)

The concentrations of HHV-6 genome in lung tissue and their relation to changes in serologic titers support an association between HHV-6 infection and idiopathic pneumonitis in immunocompromised hosts.
Keeping an eye on the ocular problems in dupilumab clinical trials (2019)

Linked Article: Akinlade et al. Br J Dermatol 2019; 181:459–473.
Amplitude death of coupled hair bundles with stochastic channel noise (2014)

Hair cells conduct auditory transduction in vertebrates. In lower vertebrates such as frogs and turtles, due to the active mechanism in hair cells, hair bundles (stereocilia) can be spontaneously oscillating or quiescent. Recently an amplitude death phenomenon has been proposed [K.-H. Ahn, J. R. Soc. Interface, 10, 20130525 (2013)] as a mechanism for auditory transduction in frog hair-cell bundles, where sudden cessation of the oscillations arises due to the coupling between nonidentical hair bundles. The gating of the ion channel is intrinsically stochastic due to the stochastic nature of the configuration change of the channel. The strength of the noise due to the channel gating can be comparable to the thermal Brownian noise of hair bundles. Thus, we perform stochastic simulations of the elastically coupled hair bundles. In spite of stray noisy fluctuations due to its stochastic dynamics, our simulation shows the transition from collective oscillation to amplitude death as interbundle coupling strength increases. In its stochastic dynamics, the formation of the amplitude death state of coupled hair bundles can be seen as a sudden suppression of the displacement fluctuation of the hair bundles as the coupling strength increases. The enhancement of the signal-to-noise ratio through the amplitude death phenomenon is clearly seen in the stochastic dynamics. Our numerical results demonstrate that the multiple number of transduction channels per hair bundle is an important factor to the amplitude death phenomenon, because the phenomenon may disappear for a small number of transduction channels due to strong gating noise.
Solution Properties and Thermal Behavior of Poly(<i>N</i>-<i>n</i>-propylacrylamide) in Water (1997)

Various molecular parameters characterizing the solution properties of poly(N-n-propylacrylamide) (PNnPAM) in water were determined over the molecular weight range of (13.3 to 159) × 104 at 10 °C by use of light scattering and viscosity measurements. PNnPAM molecules behave as highly hydrated flexible coils. The Laplace inversion method of autocorrelation function of the scattered light intensity ascertained the molecular weight dependence of molecular parameters. Thermal response of PNnPAM molecules in water was studied concerning that the PNnPAM gel exhibits a unique and sharp volume phase transition in contrast to poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gel. Drastic decrease of the second virial coefficient was observed in a very narrow temperature region near the theta temperature, which was determined to be 22.54 ± 0.01 °C. Thermal response of PNnPAM molecules was discussed relating to the excluded volume effect, the hydrophobic interaction, and the chain stiffness.
Modeling and rendering viscous liquids: Research Articles (2004)

We present a particle-based algorithm for modeling highly viscous liquids. Using a numerical time-integration of particle acceleration and velocity, we apply external forces to particles and use a convenient organization, the adhesion matrix, to represent forces between different types of liquids and objects. Viscosity is handled by performing a momentum exchange between particle pairs such that momentum is conserved. Volume is maintained by iteratively adjusting particle positions after each time step. We use a two-tiered approach to time stepping that allows particle positions to be updated many times per frame while expensive operations, such as calculating viscosity and adhesion, are done only a few times per frame. The liquid is rendered using an implicit surface polygonization algorithm, and we present an implicit function that convolves the liquid surface with a Gaussian function, yielding a smooth liquid skin. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.