gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rheumatoid Arthritis is an Autoimmune Disease Triggered by <i>Proteus</i> Urinary Tract Infection (2006)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and disabling polyarthritic disease, which affects mainly women in middle and old age. Extensive evidence based on the results of various microbial, immunological and molecular studies from different parts of the world, shows that a strong link exists between Proteus mirabilis microbes and RA. We propose that sub-clinical Proteus urinary tract infections are the main triggering factors and that the presence of molecular mimicry and cross-reactivity between these bacteria and RA-targeted tissue antigens assists in the perpetuation of the disease process through production of cytopathic auto-antibodies. Patients with RA especially during the early stages of the disease could benefit from Proteus anti-bacterial measures involving the use of antibiotics, vegetarian diets and high intake of water and fruit juices such as cranberry juice in addition to the currently employed treatments.
Promoter mutations of an essential gene for pollen development result in disease resistance in rice (2006)

Disease resistance and sexual reproductive development are generally considered as separate biological processes, regulated by different sets of genes. Here we show that xa13, a recessive allele conferring disease resistance against bacterial blight, one of the most devastating rice diseases worldwide, plays a key role in both disease resistance and pollen development. The dominant allele, Xa13, is required for both bacterial growth and pollen development. Promoter mutations in Xa13 cause down-regulation of expression during host-pathogen interaction, resulting in the fully recessive xa13 that confers race-specific resistance. The recessive xa13 allele represents a new type of plant disease resistance.
Password authentication without the server public key (2004)

In 2002, Hwang and Yeh showed that Peyravian-Zunic's password authentication schemes are not secure and proposed an improvement by using the server public key. Since applying the server public key results in the additional burden, we propose secure password authentication schemes without using the server public key in this paper.
Anecdotes [virtual machines] (2001)

The author explains how 'virtual' came into the everyday computing lexicon. The term virtual was borrowed from optics in the 1980s and has become a major term in computing today. In its broadest sense, virtual machine refers to the universality of the computer: with sufficient memory, any computer can simulate any other if we simply load it with software simulating the other computer.
Studies of Chemical Selectivity of Hapten, Reactivity, and Skin Sensitization Potency. 3. Synthesis and Studies on the Reactivity toward Model Nucleophiles of the <sup>13</sup>C-Labeled Skin Sensitizers, 5-Chloro-2-methylisothiazol-3-one (MCI) and 2-Methylisothiazol-3-one (MI) (2003)

The skin sensitizers, 5-chloro-2-methylisothiazol-3-one (MCI) and 2-methylisothiazol-3-one (MI), have been synthesized isotopically labeled with (13)C at all carbon positions. The reactivity of 3-[(13)C]-, 4-[(13)C]-, and 5-[(13)C]MCI and MI toward a series of model nucleophiles for protein amino acid residues, i.e., butylamine, imidazole, sodium propanethiolate, and sodium phenoxide, was followed by (13)C and (1)H[(13)C] NMR spectroscopy. While MCI was found to react quantitatively with sodium propanethiolate and butylamine and significantly with imidazole and sodium phenoxide, MI reacted only with sodium propanethiolate. Reaction of MCI with nonthiol nucleophiles proceeded through an initial addition-elimination at position 5, leading to stable substitution adducts in the case of imidazole and sodium phenoxide. In the case of butylamine, the initial adduct was subjected to extra reactions at the sulfur atom through a cleavage of the S-N bond, leading to open adducts of the thioamide or amide type. Experiments carried out with N-acetyl-Cys, in excess or in deficiency, indicated that thiol nucleophiles reacted first at the sulfur atom through a cleavage of the S-N bond followed by extra nucleophilic reactions leading to open adducts of the mercaptothioester or mercaptoester type. Reaction of MCI with thiol nucleophiles gave products consistent with the formation of a reactive thioacyl chloride intermediate able to react with other nucleophiles present in the reaction medium. As a consequence, N-acetyl-Cys was found to be able to activate MCI toward N(alpha)-acetyl-Lys under physiological conditions to form adducts of the thioamide or amide type. Thus MCI, a strong sensitizer, and MI, a weak sensitizer, were found to react with different nucleophiles through different mechanisms. Although both MCI and MI can react with thiol nucleophiles, only MCI is capable of significantly reacting with amino nucleophiles of the Lys or His type. Moreover, MCI could be activated by a prior reaction with thiols.
PREVENTION OF PERICYTE LOSS BY TROLOX IN DIABETIC RAT RETINA (1998)

Prolonged hyperglycemia results in a number of diabetic complications, including retinopathy. Pericyte degeneration is one of the earliest histological changes observed in the development of diabetic retinopathy. Increased free radicals generated under hyperglycemia could damage the retina, which abounds in polyunsaturated fatty acids. In the current study, a severalfold increase in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances was found in rat retina cultured in hyperglycemic medium, which decreased significantly when trolox, an amphipathic antioxidant, was included in the medium. To examine the contribution of oxidative stress in vivo, diabetic rats were fed trolox (0.4% in the diet) during the course of the experiments. After 5 mo of hyperglycemia, whole mounts of retinal vessels were prepared and endothelial cells (E) and pericytes (P) were counted. The ratio of E/P in the retinas obtained from normal rats, diabetic rats, and diabetic rats fed trolox were 1.74 +/- 0.186, 3.78 +/- 0.47, and 2.32 +/- 0.24, respectively. A significant restoration of pericytes by trolox suggests the involvement of oxidative injury during pericyte loss in diabetic retinopathy.
Efficient Syntheses of β-Cyanosugars Using Glycosyl Iodides Derived from Per-<i>O</i>-silylated Mono- and Disaccharides (2001)

[reaction: see text] Reported herein is a general method for the efficient syntheses of a variety of beta-cyano glycosides through the activation of per-O-trimethylsilyl glycosides with TMSI to form alpha-glycosyl iodides, which undergo S(N)2-type displacement when treated with tetrabutylammonium cyanide. The cyanoglycosides were reduced under mild conditions using NaBH(4) in the presence of catalytic CoCl(2)(H(2)O)(6) in THF/H(2)O to give the corresponding aminomethyl glycosides.
Expression of an Mg <sup>2+</sup> -Dependent HIV-1 RNase H Construct for Drug Screening (2011)

A single polypeptide of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase that reconstituted Mg(2+)-dependent RNase H activity has been made. Using molecular modeling, the construct was designed to encode the p51 subunit joined by a linker to the thumb (T), connection (C), and RNase H (R) domains of p66. This p51-G-TCR construct was purified from the soluble fraction of an Escherichia coli strain, MIC2067(DE3), lacking endogenous RNase HI and HII. The p51-G-TCR RNase H construct displayed Mg(2+)-dependent activity using a fluorescent nonspecific assay and showed the same cleavage pattern as HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) on substrates that mimic the tRNA removal required for second-strand transfer reactions. The mutant E706Q (E478Q in RT) was purified under similar conditions and was not active. The RNase H of the p51-G-TCR RNase H construct and wild type HIV-1 RT had similar K(m)s for an RNA-DNA hybrid substrate and showed similar inhibition kinetics to two known inhibitors of the HIV-1 RT RNase H.
Frictional flow of damp granular material in a conical centrifuge (2011)

An analysis is given of velocity and pressure-dependent sliding flow of a thin layer of damp granular material in a spinning cone. Integral momentum equations for steady state, axi-symmetric flow are derived using a boundary layer approximation. These reduce to two coupled first-order differential equations for the radial and circumferential sliding velocities. The influence of viscosity and friction coefficients and inlet boundary conditions is explored by presentation of a range of numerical results. In the absence of any interfacial shear traction the flow would, with increasing radial and circumferential slip, follow a trajectory from inlet according to conservation of angular momentum and kinetic energy. Increasing viscosity or friction reduces circumferential slip and, in general, increases the residence time of a particle in the cone. The residence time is practically insensitive to the inlet velocity. However, if the cone angle is very close to the friction angle then the residence time is extremely sensitive to the relative magnitude of these angles.
Symmetrical doherty amplifier with high efficiency over large output power dynamic range (2014)

For the conventional Doherty power amplifiers, asymmetrical cells are used to achieve high efficiency over large (> 6 dB) output power dynamic ranges, i.e. larger class-C cell. In this paper, it will be theoretically proven that high efficiency over large dynamic ranges also can be achieved using symmetrical devices, while still maintaining full voltage and current swing of both transistor cells. Using a smaller class-C cell compared to the asymmetrical Doherty has the advantages of higher gain and power added efficiency (PAE). The proposed symmetrical Doherty concept is experimentally verified by a 3.5 GHz 28 Watt circuit demonstrator fabricated using identical GaN HEMT devices. An average power added efficiency of 52% and adjacent power leakage ratio of -52 dB is obtained with 9 dB peak-to-average power-ratio 20 MHz LTE test signals.
A Pruned Rnnlm Lattice-Rescoring Algorithm for Automatic Speech Recognition (2018)

Lattice-rescoring is a common approach to take advantage of recurrent neural language models in ASR, where a word-lattice is generated from 1st-pass decoding and the lattice is then rescored with a neural model, and an <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> -gram approximation method is usually adopted to limit the search space. In this work, we describe a pruned lattice-rescoring algorithm for ASR, improving the n-gram approximation method. The pruned algorithm further limits the search space and uses heuristic search to pick better histories when expanding the lattice. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm achieves better ASR accuracies while running much faster than the standard algorithm. In particular, it brings a 4x speedup for lattice-rescoring with 4-gram approximation while giving better recognition accuracies than the standard algorithm.
An Accurate Gas Metering System for Laminar Flow Studies (1949)

The design and performance of an accurate flow system utilizing critical velocity orifices is described. Results indicate that an absolute accuracy of three parts in a thousand is realized over a flow range of 0.002 to 2 cubic feet per minute. Calibration of the flow system was accomplished by means of a specially modified and carefully standardized wet test gas meter. Descriptions of the components of the flow system and of subsidiary calibrating equipment are presented. Critical flow orifice discharge coefficients are found to be independent of the type of gas; however, because of gas impurities, prediction of relative rates of flow of various gases through an orifice by use of theoretical relationships is uncertain, and experimental data are given to illustrate this.
<i>piggyBac</i>-Based Insertional Mutagenesis and Enhancer Detection as a Tool for Functional Insect Genomics (2003)

Transposon mutagenesis provides a fundamental tool for functional genomics. Here we present a non-species-specific, combined enhancer detection and binary expression system based on the transposable element piggyBac: For the different components of this insertional mutagenesis system, we used widely applicable transposons and distinguishable broad-range transformation markers, which should enable this system to be operational in nonmodel arthropods. In a pilot screen in Drosophila melanogaster, piggyBac mutator elements on the X chromosome were mobilized in males by a Hermes-based jumpstarter element providing piggyBac transposase activity under control of the alpha1-tubulin promoter. As primary reporters in the piggyBac mutator elements, we employed the heterologous transactivators GAL4delta or tTA. To identify larval and adult enhancer detectors, strains carrying UASp-EYFP or TRE-EYFP as secondary reporter elements were used. Tissue-specific enhancer activities were readily observed in the GAL4delta/UASp-based systems, but only rarely in the tTA/TRE system. Novel autosomal insertions were recovered with an average jumping rate of 80%. Of these novel insertions, 3.8% showed homozygous lethality, which was reversible by piggyBac excision. Insertions were found in both coding and noncoding regions of characterized genes and also in noncharacterized and non-P-targeted CG-number genes. This indicates that piggyBac will greatly facilitate the intended saturation mutagenesis in Drosophila.
Detecting Direction of Movement Using Pyroelectric Infrared Sensors (2014)

Pyroelectric infrared (PIR) sensors are widely used as a simple but powerful people presence triggers, e.g., automatic lighting systems. In particular, by alternating the effective polarization of the sensing elements in a PIR sensor, it is possible to determine the relative direction of the movement of an object moving on the motion plane of the PIR sensor. In this paper, we present a novel method of detecting a relative direction of human movement (in eight directions uniformly distributed) with two pairs of PIR sensors whose sensing elements are orthogonally aligned. We have developed a data collection unit with four dual sensing element PIR sensors with modified lenses, and collected data set from six subjects walking in eight directions each. Based on the collected PIR signals, we have performed classification analysis with well known machine learning algorithms, including instance-based learning and support vector machine. Our findings show that with the raw data set captured from two orthogonally aligned PIR sensors with modified lenses, we were able to achieve more than 98% correct detection of direction of movement. We also found that with the reduced feature set composed of three peak values for each PIR sensor, we could achieve 89%-95% recognition accuracy according to machine learning algorithms.
Ebrotidine and its metabolites studied by mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization. Comparison of tandem and in‐source fragmentation (1995)

Electrospray ionization was used for the analysis of ebrotidine and its potential metabolites. Since standard electrospray gave only the quasi-molecular ions for most of the compounds, two collision-induced dissociation (CID) experiments were carried out in order to obtain structural information: tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and in-source fragmentation by increasing the cone voltage (CVF, cone voltage fragmentation). CVF produced more fragmentation than MS/MS, and the intensities of the fragments formed were also greater. Unlike Ms/MS spectra, CVF spectra gave ions which showed retention of the bromine isotope pattern, adducts with acetate and dehydration. The general fragmentation pathways observed for ebrotidine and its derivatives were basically the same for the CVF and MS/MS experiments. Most of the fragments were formed by the breaking of bonds to heteroatomics. In order to analyse biological samples containing ebrotidine and its biotransformation products, an HPLC/MS separation procedure with simultaneous UV detection was developed, allowing the identification of ebrotidine and its metabolites in human urine.
MEMS-based gas chromatography columns with nano-structured stationary phases (2008)

Gas chromatography columns produced using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology makes it possible to achieve very narrow widths as it improves the separation efficiency. However, coating these columns to obtain a uniform stationary phase is challenging using traditional techniques. This paper presents an important step to address this issue by merging MEMS and nanotechnology and reports, for the first time, MEMS-based columns coated with functionalized gold nanoparticles (FGNPs) by a modified layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition technique. The FGNPs were made stable by coating the etched silicon surface with a thin layer of silicon nitride. These films are of particular interest for GC as they provide a homogeneous phase with nanometer resolution and a fast mass transfer rate. The 1 m-long MEMS column with FGNP stationary phase was successful in separating a mixture of 6 alkanes in less than 6 minutes.
Myristoylation of neutrophil proteins and their biological characteristics. (1988)

We have studied protein acylation in neutrophils of guinea pigs using [3H]myristate. A large number of neutrophil proteins were acylated with exogenously added myristic acid. The myristoylation was detected on 110, 77, 56, 54, 52, 42, and 37 kDa proteins. These myristoylations were stronger in peripheral blood than in peritoneal cells. Myristic acid was found to be covalently linked by an amid bond to these proteins since the proteins were resistant to boiling, chloroform/methanol and hydroxylamine treatment. Most myristoylated proteins appeared to be associated with the membrane fraction, while some of the proteins such as 77 kDa one was distributed also in the cytoplasm and translocated from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane by stimulation. Lysozyme was myristoylated in vitro by the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of myristic acid. The myristoylated lysozyme had an ability to be associated with phospholipid liposomes, and the membrane-associated lysozyme became a substrate of the rat brain Ca2+- and phospholipid dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). These results indicate that myristoylation in neutrophil proteins may have an important role in metabolic regulation through their membrane association.
Superposition coded modulation and iterative linear MMSE detection (2009)

We study superposition coded modulation (SCM) with iterative linear minimum-mean-square-error (LMMSE) detection. We show that SCM offers an attractive solution for highly complicated transmission environments with severe interference. We analyze the impact of signaling schemes on the performance of iterative LMMSE detection. We prove that among all possible signaling methods, SCM maximizes the output signal-to-noise/ interference ratio (SNIR) in the LMMSE estimates during iterative detection. Numerical examples are used to demonstrate that SCM outperforms other signaling methods when iterative LMMSE detection is applied to multi-user/multi-antenna/multipath channels.
Altered lung surfactant system in a Rab38-deficient rat model of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (2009)

Several Long-Evans rat substrains carrying the phenotype of oculocutaneous albinism and bleeding diathesis are a rat model of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS). The mutation responsible for the phenotype (Ruby) was identified as a point mutation in the initiation codon of Rab38 small GTPase that regulates intracellular vesicle transport. As patients with HPS often develop life-limiting interstitial pneumonia accompanied by abnormal morphology of alveolar type II cells, we investigated lung surfactant system in Long-Evans Cinnamon rats, one strain of the Ruby rats. The lungs showed conspicuous morphology of type II cells containing markedly enlarged lamellar bodies. Surfactant phosphatidylcholine and surfactant protein B were increased in lung tissues and lamellar bodies but not in alveolar lumen. Expression levels of mRNA for surfactant proteins A, B, C, and D were not altered. Isolated type II cells showed aberrant secretory pattern of newly synthesized [(3)H]phosphatidylcholine, i.e., decreased basal secretion and remarkably amplified agonist-induced secretion. [(3)H]phosphatidylcholine synthesis and uptake by type II cells were not altered. Thus Rab38-deficient type II cells appear to carry abnormality in lung surfactant secretion but not in synthesis or uptake. These results suggest that aberrant lung surfactant secretion may be involved in the pathogenesis of interstitial pneumonia in HPS.
Lewis base adducts of uranium triiodide: a new class of synthetically useful precursors for trivalent uranium chemistry (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLewis base adducts of uranium triiodide: a new class of synthetically useful precursors for trivalent uranium chemistryDavid L. Clark, Alfred P. Sattelberger, Simon G. Bott, and Raymond N. VrtisCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1989, 28, 10, 1771–1773Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00309a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00309a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views823Altmetric-Citations105LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Nuclear Association of the Cytoplasmic Tail of MUC1 and β-Catenin (2003)

MUC1, an integral membrane mucin associated with the metastatic phenotype, is overexpressed by most human carcinoma cells. The MUC1 cytoplasmic tail (CT) is postulated to function in morphogenetic signal transduction via interactions with Grb2/Sos, c-Src, and beta-catenin. We investigated intracellular trafficking of the MUC1 CT, using epitope-tagged constructs that were overexpressed in human pancreatic cancer cell lines S2-013 and Panc-1. The MUC1 CT was detected at the inner cell surface, in the cytosol, and in the nucleus of cells overexpressing MUC1. Fragments of the MUC1 CT were associated with beta-catenin in both cytoplasm and nuclei. Overexpression of MUC1 increased steady state levels of nuclear beta-catenin but decreased nuclear levels of plakoglobin (gamma-catenin). There was no detectable association between plakoglobin and the MUC1 CT. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed that the cytoplasmic and nuclear association of MUC1 CT and beta-catenin was not affected by disruption of Ca2+-dependent intercellular cadherin interactions. These results demonstrate nuclear localization of fragments of MUC1 CT in association with beta-catenin and raise the possibility that overexpression of the MUC1 CT stabilizes beta-catenin and enhances levels of nuclear beta-catenin during disruption of cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion.