gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory Effect of Bupleuri Radix Saponins on Adhesion of Some Solid Tumor Cells and Relation to Hemolytic Action: Screening of 232 Herbal Drugs for Anti-Cell Adhesion (1998)

Anti-cell adhesive activity and hemolytic action of herbal drugs were investigated. Among 232 herbal drugs tested, six showed a remarkable anti-cell adhesive activity, and the extract from the roots of Bupleurum falcatum (Umbelliferae), the semen of Psorala corylifolia (Leguminosae), and the semen of Areca catechu (Palmae) showed an anti-cell adhesive action at non-cytotoxic concentrations. Saikosaponins-a, d and e, isolated from the roots of Bupleurum falcatum, exhibited a potent anti-cell adhesive activity and a strong hemolytic action. In a structure-activity relationship for both activities, it seems that a sugar moiety and an ether linkage between C-13 and C-28 are required for good bioactivities. In addition, saikosaponin d with a beta-hydroxy group at C-16 was more potent than saikosaponin a possessing an alpha-hydroxy group. Taken together, it is suggested that the mechanism for anti-cell adhesive activity of saikosaponin may resemble that for their hemolytic action.
Atlastin‐1, the dynamin‐like GTPase responsible for spastic paraplegia SPG3A, remodels lipid membranes and may form tubules and vesicles in the endoplasmic reticulum (2009)

We examined the effects of wild-type and mutant atlastin-1 on vesicle transport in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi interface and vesicle budding from ER-derived microsomes using the temperature-sensitive reporter vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G), and the ability of purified atlastin-1 to form tubules or vesicles from protein-free phosphatidylserine liposomes. A GTPase domain mutation (T162P) altered the cellular distribution of the ER, but none of the mutations studied significantly affected transport from the ER to the Golgi apparatus. The mutations also had no significant effect on the incorporation of VSV-G into vesicles formed from ER microsomes. Atlastin-1, however, was also incorporated into microsome-derived vesicles, suggesting that it might be implicated in vesicle formation. Purified atlastin-1 transformed phosphatidylserine liposomes into branched tubules and polygonal networks of tubules and vesicles, an action inhibited by GDP and the synthetic dynamin inhibitor dynasore. The GTPase mutations T162P and R217C decreased but did not totally prevent this action; the C-terminal transmembrane domain mutation R495W was as active as the wild-type enzyme. Similar effects were observed in human embryonic kidney cells over-expressing mutant atlastin-1. We concluded that atlastin-1, like dynamin, might be implicated in membrane tubulation and vesiculation and participated in the formation as well as the function of the ER.
A unique insertion in the primary structure of bovine amyloid AA protein. (1989)

Amyloid fibrils were isolated from kidney tissue of a cow afflicted with renal failure caused by spontaneous reactive amyloidosis. These fibrils were reduced and alkylated, and the amyloid subunit protein was isolated on a column of Sepharose CL6B. The protein was fragmented with both trypsin and Staphylococcus protease, and the resultant peptides were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Sequence analysis gave the complete primary structure of the protein with overlaps of the tryptic peptides confirmed by the Staphylococcus protease peptides. Comparison of the bovine amyloid A (AA) amino acid sequence with human protein AA demonstrates complete invariability from human position 33 to 45 and a very high degree of homology from positions 16 to 29 and 46 to 63. These data indicate that these portions of the molecule may be significant factors in amyloid fibrilogenesis. The bovine AA protein shows a blocked amino terminus, as is the case with the dog and the cat AA proteins. In addition, this protein contains an insertion of nine amino acid residues between human positions 69 and 70. The existence of an additional six residues after position 76 makes the bovine AA an unusually large 90 amino acid peptide. These findings point to a high tolerance for mutation in the carboxyl end of the molecule.
Endothelial cell control of thrombosis (2015)

Hemostasis encompasses a set of tightly regulated processes that govern blood clotting, platelet activation, and vascular repair. Upon vascular injury, the hemostatic system initiates a series of vascular events and activates extravascular receptors that act in concert to seal off the damage. Blood clotting is subsequently attenuated by a plethora of inhibitors that prevent excessive clot formation and eventual thrombosis. The endothelium which resides at the interface between the blood and surrounding tissues, serves an integral role in the hemostatic system. Depending on specific tissue needs and local stresses, endothelial cells are capable of evoking either antithrombotic or prothrombotic events. Healthy endothelial cells express antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents that prevent platelet aggregation and fibrin formation, respectively. In the face of endothelial dysfunction, endothelial cells trigger fibrin formation, as well as platelet adhesion and aggregation. Finally, endothelial cells release pro-fibrinolytic agents that initiate fibrinolysis to degrade the clot. Taken together, a functional endothelium is essential to maintain hemostasis and prevent thrombosis. Thus, a greater understanding into the role of the endothelium can provide new avenues for exploration and novel therapies for the management of thromboembolisms.
Improved estimation of fructosamine, as a measure of glycated serum protein, with the Technicon RA-1000 analyzer. (1985)

We present an improved fructosamine assay for use with the Technicon RA-1000 analyzer. Features of this assay include: specimen throughput of 100 per hour, within-batch CV of 1.5%, between-batch CV of 2.4%, standard curve linear up to 24.9 mmol of fructosamine per liter, and good correlation (r = 0.82) with hemoglobin A1.
Algorithms and Software Tools for IC Yield Optimization Based on Fundamental Fabrication Parameters (1986)

Algorithms, software tools and the relevant methodology for production yield optimization with respect to fundamental technological parameters of the IC manufacturing process (such as diffusion times and temperatures) and element layout mask dimensions are discussed. The tools developed include: STOCH-PAC--a package of new yield optimization and yield gradient estimation algorithms based on Stochastic Approximation approach and the Method of Random Perturbations; YIELD-PAC - a package of yield evaluation subroutines providing an interface to SPICE-PAC circuit simulation package; FABPAC - an interface to the FABRICS statistical process simulator; and IRIS (Interactive Restructurable Interface System)--a flexible user interface for efficient data manipulation, creation of different design tasks and macrotasks, restructuring the set of active subroutines, etc. These tools have been integrated into the TOY (Technological Optimization of Yield) program. Examples of yield optimization with respect to process parameters and layout dimensions using TOY are given.
Flipping persuasively in constant expected time (1986)

We present a distributed protocol for achieving a distributed coin in the presence of an extremely powerful adversary in constant time. The protocol can tolerate up to n/log n malicious processor failures where n is the number of processors in the system. The protocol needs only a fixed constant number of rounds of message exchange; no preprocessing is required. As a corollary we obtain an (n/log n)-resilient probabilistic protocol for Byzantine agreement running in constant expected time. Combining this with a generalization of a technique of Bracha, we obtain a probabilistic Byzantine agreement protocol tolerant of almost n/3 failures with O(log log n) expected running time.
Turbidity-current channels in Queen Inlet, Glacier Bay, Alaska (1989)

Queen Inlet is unique among Glacier Bay fjords because it alone has a branching channel system incised in the Holocene sediment fill of the fjord floor. Bathymetry and seismic-reflection profiles show that four channels begin on, or at the base of, the delta front of this marine-outwash fjord. By midpoint of the fjord, these channels have merged into one main channel that extends the length of the fjord. The main channel cuts deeply into the scarp that separates this hanging tributary from the West Arm of Glacier Bay. The Queen Inlet channel ends on the main fjord floor as several small distributaries that form part of a lobate-fan deposit. Sand from the channel and lobate fan, in contrast to fjord-floor mud, plus steep truncated channel walls indicate that turbidity currents created this apparently active channel system. Queen Inlet and other known channel-containing fjords are marine-outwash fjords; the tidewater glacial fjords do not have steep delta fronts on which slides are generated and may not have a sufficient reservoir of potentially unstable coarse sediment to generate channel-cutting turbidity currents. Presence or absence of channels, as revealed in the ancient rock record, may be one criterion for interpreting types of fjords.
Reconstruction from projections under time-frequency constraints (1995)

Low-pass filtering computed tomography (CT) images to reduce noise may smooth or modify image features which are very important to the physician. Image features are often more easily identified and processed in the time-frequency plane. The authors use time-frequency distributions for spatially varying filtering of noisy CT images, constraining time-frequency representation coefficients of the projection data or of the reconstructed image to be zero in certain regions of the time-frequency plane. The authors consider two different applications: 1) filtering the projection data and then performing image reconstruction; and 2) filtering the reconstructed image directly. Criteria minimized, subject to constraints, may be either a deterministic minimum weighted perturbation of the given projection data or a stochastic minimum mean-square error in colored Gaussian noise. Results show improvement over processing the image with a linear spatially invariant filter.
The ENCEL system: a somatic cell protein delivery system. (1995)

A wide variety of somatic cells are being explored for the introduction of foreign genes with a view toward gene therapy. A prime requirement for successful gene therapy is the sustained expression, effective dosing, and systemic delivery of the therapeutic gene product. Microvascular endothelial cells offer several advantages over other cell types as a somatic cell gene delivery vehicle in that they provide direct secretion of protein into the blood stream and they are amendable to highly stable retroviral-based protein expression. Importantly, they also offer a large surface volume to size ratio in that they can be induced with angiogenic factors to form organized capillary-like structures in vitro when grown in a three dimensional culture system using collagen gels. These genetically-modified capillary endothelial cells (the ENCEL system) maintained in collagen gels can be stably transplanted and removed. The unique biological properties of microvascular capillary endothelial cells allows the ENCEL system to provide large numbers of cells in a small volume which offers the highly desired opportunity for providing a sustained and effective dose of a therapeutic protein. Alexion is currently applying its Unigraft immunotherapeutic and engineering technologies to commercialize a non-human ENCEL system acceptable for implantation into any patient.
Mechanical Properties of Unsaturated Polyester-Isocyanate Hybrid Polymer Network and Its E-Glass Fiber-reinforced Composite (2005)

In this research, a conventional propylene glycol-based unsaturated polyester is synthesized and modified with diphenylmethane-4,40-diisocyanate (MDI), which leads to the formation of a hybrid polymer network (HPN). The effect of this modification on the mechanical properties is studied experimentally. The optimum molar ratio of MDI to unsaturated polyester which had the highest toughness is found to be NCO/OH 1 /4 0.45 using compression testing. In the second stage of the research, E-glass-reinforced unidirectional composites are produced with pure unsaturated polyester (UP) and an optimum amount of HPN. Tensile and bending tests are applied to the neat unsaturated polyester, the HPN resins, and to the composites prepared from these resin matrices. For pure polyester, the tensile strength at rupture is 27 MPa with a Young’s modulus of 920 MPa, whereas the tensile strength and the modulus of HPN are 42 and 860 MPa, respectively. In unsaturated polyester composites, a tensile strength of 500 MPa and a Young’s modulus of 27,800 MPa are obtained while in HPN composites, the tensile strength and the modulus are 685 and 26,300 MPa, respectively. Hence, an increase in toughness is achieved for both resin matrices and composites by the use of MDI. The bending strength and the modulus of elasticity are 60.7 and 2464 MPa for UP resin, and 65.7 and 2871 MPa for the HPN resin. The corresponding values for UP composites are 858 MPa and 29.8 GPa, and are 1141 MPa and 37.5 GPa, respectively for the HPN composite.
Impedance changes during evoked nervous activity in human subjects: implications for the application of applied potential tomography (APT) to imaging neuronal discharge (1989)

Impedance changes were measured with scalp electrodes in human subjects during physiologically evoked responses to assess whether such changes could form the basis for imaging of neuronal discharge by applied potential tomography (APT). Conventional methods were employed to measure cortical sensory and visual evoked responses, and the sensory action potential of the ulnar nerve at the elbow. In each case impedance was measured across the appropriate tissue of origin using a high sensitivity four-electrode method. No consistent changes larger than 0.002 or 0.02% (depending on electrode configuration and period of measurement) of the resting impedance were obtained. Changes within these limits appeared to be due to variations in pulse related impedance changes. This suggests that currently available APT devices could not be used to obtain images of neuronal discharge, and research into APT imaging in the adult head might more profitably be directed at imaging the relatively large impedance changes during stroke or spreading depression.
Seeking explanation affects numerical modeling strategies (2002)

Controversy concerning numerical modeling strategies has arisen in the geophysics community I believe communication between researchers can be improved by considering the wide range of goals that motivate various modeling endeavors and the associated strategies. In one end‐member model type, which I call “simulation models,” a modeler attempts to reproduce the natural system as accurately as possible, striving to include all the processes that could significantly affect the quantitative veracity of the model, and treating these processes in as much detail, and often at as small a scale, as is practical. The modeler represents the processes by well‐established, well‐tested equations, with only as much parameterization and approximation as is necessary. Setting aside the utility that models approaching this end member can have for making quantitatively accurate predictions, their use as an explanatory tool is limited. If many complicated processes and interactions are represented, the model may offer no more mechanistic insight into how the enigmatic behavior comes about than can be gained by observing nature.
Non-inclusion complexes between riboflavin and cyclodextrins (2012)

The interaction between RF and either βCD or HPβCD, at low concentrations, seems to be made through hydrogen bonding between the flavonoid and the external rim of both CDs. Regardless of the mechanism of complexation, our findings indicate that RF-CD complexes significantly increase RF solubility and potentiate its antitumour effect.
Screw Dislocation Generation by Inclusions in Molecular Crystals (2017)

Dislocations in crystals affect material properties and are essential for crystal growth near equilibrium, yet their genesis in the absence of external or internal stresses is unresolved. X-ray topography has revealed microscopic inclusions as dislocation sources, but the real-time creation of a dislocation by a particulate inclusion has not been reported. In situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used herein to visualize dislocation generation in an l-cystine crystal by a cube-like hematite particle embedded in, and slightly inclined with respect to, the l-cystine {0001} surface. The particle produced two pairs of heterochiral screw dislocations with opposing Burgers vectors. After overgrowth of the particle, dissolution in undersaturated solutions revealed the dislocations once again until the detachment of the particle exposed a flat basal plane devoid of dislocations, thereby corroborating the essential role of the particle. Hematite particles with their flat faces parallel or at high angle to the surface, as well as spherical poly(styrene) particles, did not produce dislocations, suggesting that shape and orientation of the particle with respect to the step train advancing across the growing crystal surface are critical features for dislocation generation.
A high pressure bipropellant micro-rocket engine (2000)

The development of high aspect-ratio, high precision micromachining in silicon or silicon carbide suggests the feasibility of microfabricated, high chamber pressure chemical rocket engines. Using high-speed turbopumps and valves incorporated onto the rocket chip, a number of propulsion cycles are possible. Such an engine, approximately 20 x 15x3 mm in size, would produce about 15 N of thrust using 300 second Isp propellants at a thrust to weight ratio of 1000:1. The feasibility of these engines has been investigated and a liquid cooled, pressure fed thrust chamber has been successfully designed, fabricated, and tested to further evaluate the concept.
Aboriginality since Mabo: Writing, Politics, and Art (2010)

This Essay is Written on the land of the Kaurna Nation of the Adelaide Plains, South Australia. Its authors are, respectively, Indigenous and non-Indigenous. Such an introduction foreshadows a complex and contested history of naming and being named and a politics of representation. The ways in which literature and other forms of artistic textual expression have influenced and reflected on debates around Aboriginality will be acknowledged and Indigenous perspectives will be privileged; this is a response to the historical exclusion of Aboriginal people from determining the dominant definitions of Aboriginality. Many of the authors referred to below identify as Aboriginal, Indigenous, or as members of particular nations: their identification is explicitly recognized and respected. Others are not identified in this way, but this does not mean that their identity positions or politics are taken for granted. To call them simply non- Indigenous might suggest either a lack of indigeneity or the attribution of all other things but indigeneity. Neither connotation is helpful here. The complex and problematic identifiers Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal, Indigenous and non-Indigenous are to be used with care — as is the act of identification itself. Some Australians enjoy more freedom than others to choose how they will represent themselves, how they will be represented, and how that representation will be received. Eddie Mabo’s story serves as a guide to understanding the limits and the costs of that freedom.
Motion of the DNA-binding Domain with Respect to the Core of the Diphtheria Toxin Repressor (DtxR) Revealed in the Crystal Structures of Apo- and Holo-DtxR (1998)

The diphtheria toxin repressor (DtxR) from Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a divalent metal-activated repressor of chromosomal genes that encode proteins responsible for siderophore-mediated iron uptake and also of the gene of certain corynebacteriophages that encodes diphtheria toxin. DtxR consists of two 25.3-kDa three-domain subunits and is a member of a family of related repressor proteins in several Gram-positive bacterial species, some of which are important human pathogens. In this paper, we report on the first high resolution crystal structures of apo-DtxR in two related space groups. In addition, crystal structures of Zn-DtxR were determined in the same two space groups. The resolutions of the structures range from 2.2 to 2.4 A. The four refined models of the apo- and the holo-repressor exhibit quite similar metal binding centers, which do, however, show higher thermal motion in the apo-structures. All four structures reported differ from each other in one important aspect. The N-terminal DNA-binding domain and the last 20 residues of the dimerization domain of each subunit move significantly with respect to the core of the DtxR dimer, which consists of residues 74-120 from both subunits. These results provide the first indication of a conformational change that may occur upon binding of the holo-repressor to DNA.
Wwp2, an E3 Ubiquitin Ligase That Targets Transcription Factor Oct-4 for Ubiquitination (2004)

The POU transcription factor Oct-4 is a master regulator affecting the fate of pluripotent embryonic stem cells. However, the precise mechanisms by which the activation and expression of Oct-4 are regulated still remain to be elucidated. We describe here a novel murine ubiquitin ligase, Wwp2, that specifically interacts with Oct-4 and promotes its ubiquitination both in vivo and in vitro. Remarkably, the expression of a catalytically inactive point mutant of Wwp2 abolishes Oct-4 ubiquitination. Moreover, Wwp2 promotes Oct-4 degradation in the presence of overexpressed ubiquitin. The degradation is blocked by treatment with proteasome inhibitor. Fusion of a single ubiquitin to Oct-4 inactivates its transcriptional activity in a heterologous Oct-4-driven reporter system. Furthermore, overexpression of Wwp2 in embryonic stem cells significantly reduces the Oct-4-transcriptional activities. Collectively, we demonstrate for the first time that Oct-4 can be post-translationally modified by ubiquitination and that this modification dramatically suppresses its transcriptional activity. These results reveal that the functional status of Oct-4, in addition to its expression level, dictates its transcriptional activity, and the results open up a new avenue to understand how Oct-4 defines the fate of embryonic stem cells.
Ability of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and a Glucosyltransferase-Defective Mutant to Colonize Rodents and Attach to Hydroxyapatite Surfaces (1978)

A mutant of Streptococcus mutans forming little or no cell-associated glucosyltransferase attached to the teeth of rats and to saliva-treated hydroxyapatite comparably to its parent.