gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Granulocyte transfusions from G-CSF- and dexamethasone-stimulated healthy donors for treatment of patients with severe neutropenia-related infections (2003)

Background : Granulocyte transfusions have been used to treat severe, progressive infections in neutropenic patients who fail to respond to antimicrobial agents. Although corticosteroid or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) were previously used separately to increase leukocyte counts in healthy donors, increasingly G-CSF and corticosteroids are used together, requiring the need to establish the efficacy of this mobilizing regime. Methods : This prospective study evaluated the safety and efficacy of granulocyte transfusion therapy from donors stimulated with a combination of G-CSF and dexamethasone, in 27 patients with severe neutropenia-related infections. To mobilize granulocytes, healthy volunteer donors received G-CSF, 5 g/kg subcutaneously 12-14 hr before leukapheresis, and dexamethasone, 3 mg/ intravenously 15 min before leukapheresis. Results: Donor neutrophil counts were 5,723/L (range: 1,500-36,420) at baseline, 22,104/L (range: 9,700-41,300) before the injection of dexamethasone, 23,946/L (range: 10,900-42,100) immediately before leukapheresis, and 19,913/L (range: 9,100-36,300) after leukapheresis. Ninety-two leukapheresis procedures were performed with a mean yield of 7.88 granulocytes (range: 2.2-17.9. The mobilizing agents were well tolerated in the donors. Of the patients, 16(59.3%) showed favorable responses, whereas 11 (40.7%) had unfavorable responses. Adverse reactions to the therapy were arrhythmia in two patients (7.4%) and pulmonary edema in one patient (3.7%). Favorable responses were seen in 83.3, 76.9, and 45.5% of the patients from whom fungal, Gram-negative, and Gram-positive organisms were isolated, respectively. Conclusion : This study suggests that the combination of G-CSF and dexamethasone is an effective, well-tolerated regimen for mobilizing granulocytes from healthy donors, and that granulocyte transfusion therapy is useful for neutropenic patients, especially those with fungal or Gram-negative infections that are resistant to appropriate antimicrobial agents.
Hepatitis C virus antibodies and liver disease in patients with porphyria cutanea tarda (1993)

The recent identification of the hepatitis C virus and development of assays to detect antibodies to hepatitis C virus has allowed assessment of the prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in patients with a variety of liver and other diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibodies and severity of liver injury in patients with porphyria cutanea tarda. Sixty-two patients were studied. Serum samples were analyzed for liver function parameters and markers of hepatitis B virus infection. Frozen serum samples from 34 patients with porphyria cutanea tarda, obtained when patients were seen at the hospital for the first time, were analyzed for hepatitis C virus antibodies with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (first- and second-generation) and a recombinant immunoblot assay. As controls, serum samples from 19,788 blood donors, 40 patients with alcoholic liver disease and 138 hospitalized patients without liver disease were also tested for hepatitis C virus antibodies. Liver biopsy was performed in 42 porphyria cutanea tarda patients. Specimens were evaluated for steatosis, siderosis, fibrosis, severity of inflammation and the presence of cirrhosis. In addition, the degree of necroinflammatory change and fibrosis were quantitated with the histologic activity index described by Knodell et al. The prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibodies in patients with porphyria cutanea tarda (62%) was higher than that in blood donors (0.79%), patients with alcoholic liver disease (17.5%) or hospitalized patients without liver disease (5.8%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A dopamine transporter gene functional variant associated with cocaine abuse in a Brazilian sample (2006)

The dopamine (DA) transporter DAT1 is a major target bound by cocaine in brain. We examined the influence of functional genetic variants in DAT1 on cocaine addiction. Repeat polymorphisms, including a 30-bp variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) in intron 8 (Int8 VNTR) with two common alleles, were genotyped in cocaine-dependent abusers (n = 699) and in controls with no past history of drug abuse (n = 866) from São Paulo, Brazil. Positive association was observed with allele 3 of the Int8 VNTR and cocaine abuse (allele odds ratio = 1.2, 95% confidence interval = 1.01-1.37, P = 0.036; 3/3 homozygote odds ratio = 1.45, 95% confidence interval = 1.18-1.78, P = 0.0008). Population stratification was assessed and did not affect the results. Haplotypic analyses using additional polymorphisms indicated that the Int8 VNTR is responsible for the observed association. Functional analyses in reporter-gene constructs, demonstrated that allele 3 mediates significant (P < 0.05) but small reduced expression compared with the "protective" allele 2. This difference increased when 1 and 10 muM cocaine was added to the cell culture ( approximately 40% reduction of the 3 allele expression versus the 2 allele). The 3 allele also demonstrated approximately 3-fold-increased expression over the 2 allele in response to KCl plus forskolin challenge. We demonstrate a robust association between cocaine dependence and a VNTR allele in SLC6A3, conferring a small but detectable effect, and we show that this VNTR may be functional. This study suggests that DAT1 gene variation may play a role in cocaine dependence etiology.
Protein Splicing: How Inteins Escape from Precursor Proteins (2014)

Inteins are nature's escape artists; they facilitate their excision from flanking polypeptides (exteins) concomitant with extein ligation to produce a mature host protein. Splicing requires sequential nucleophilic displacement reactions catalyzed by strategies similar to proteases and asparagine lyases. Inteins require precise reaction coordination rather than rapid turnover or tight substrate binding because they are single turnover enzymes with covalently linked substrates. This has allowed inteins to explore alternative mechanisms with different steps or to use different methods for activation and coordination of the steps. Pressing issues include understanding the underlying details of catalysis and how the splicing steps are controlled.
Shoreline Aggregation Behavior of Adults of a Midge, Chironomus Sp. (Diptera: Chironomidae) at Solberg Lake, Wisconsin (2017)

Excerpt: Adult chironomid midges are well known to visitors at northern Wisconsin lakes during the spring and summer. Although the larval stages of chironomids supplement the diet of fish, the adults are often a nuisance because they aggregate in huge aerial swarms near beaches, collect at lights, alight on various objects including people, and deposit green specks wherever they rest. The most familiar midge in Wisconsin is Chirononmus plumosus (L.) which has been studied at Lake Pepin (Johnson and Munger, 1930) and at Lake Winnebago (Burrill, 1913; Hilsenhoff, 1959,1966,1967).
Editorial. The Ethics of Engineering Supplies. (1909)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVarticleNEXTEditorial. The Ethics of Engineering Supplies.William H. WalkerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1909, 1, 1, 2Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1909Publication History Published online1 January 1909Published inissue 1 January 1909https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50001a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50001a002research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1909 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views171Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A human-robot interface based on electrooculography (2004)

Design and implementation of an electrooculography based gaze-controlled robotic system is presented. The robot system consists of signal acquisition, pattern recognition, control strategy and robot motion modules. The user's eye gaze movements are reconstructed from electrooculogram (EOG) signals, which are recorded from the face in real time. The eye movement patterns, e.g., saccades, fixation and blinks are detected from the raw eye gaze movement data by a pattern recognition module. The control strategy module interprets the user's intention from the eye movement patterns based on predefined protocols. A horizontally mounted robot, emulating the skeletomuscular configuration of the human arm, is controlled by the robot motion control module to execute the interpreted user intention. The performance results of two control strategies are discussed.
Management of the intelligent network (1988)

The authors describe the architecture and functions of the telecommunication management network (TMN). These functions comprise: alarm surveillance; status monitoring and control; performance monitoring; failure localization; testing; installation; provisioning; network operations and management; and billing. The application of open systems interconnection concepts to the TMN is examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A memory direction descent search near optimum multiuser detection for DS/CDMA communications (2002)

In this paper a memory direction descent search (MDDS) near optimum multiuser detector for DS/CDMA communications is proposed. Based on an explanation of searching the global minima of the quadratic function of maximum likelihood (ML) optimum multiuser detection along the gradient direction for the parallel interference cancellation (PIC) multiuser detection, we modify the gradient direction in each stage as a new direction in the Krylov subspace which is spanned by the previous search directions. Directions in the Krylov subspace partially remember the search directions of previous stages, so searches along them have larger probabilities to avoid converging to the local minima. An easy iterative method is given to determine the memory factors. Simulations show a large performance gain is obtained over conventional PIC detector with few additional computational complexity.
Association of the lactococcin A immunity factor with the cell membrane: purification and characterization of the immunity factor (1993)

The physicochemical characteristics of the lactococcin A immunity protein, as deduced from its gene sequence, were used to devise a procedure for its purification. The protein was purified from cell extracts by cation-exchange and reverse-phase chromatography. As judged from the amino acid composition and amino acid sequencing, the immunity protein is not post-translationally processed by cleavage at its N- or C-terminus. Consequently, the absorption coefficient at 280 nm, the isoelectric point, and the molecular mass of the immunity protein may be calculated to be, respectively, 8.2 x 10(3) M-1 cm-1, 10.2 and 11,163 Da from the amino acid sequence predicted from the nucleotide sequence. The immunity protein is a major cell protein component--one cell may contain (to an order of magnitude) 10(5) molecules--and it is in part associated with the cell membrane, as judged by immunoblot analysis of membrane vesicle-associated proteins. Exposing lactococcin-A-sensitive cells to an excess of the immunity protein did not affect the lactococcin-A-induced killing of the cells, indicating that the immunity protein does not protect cells by simply binding to lactococcin A, nor to externally exposed domains on the cell surface. Exposing immune-positive cells to antiserum against the immune protein did not sensitize the cells to lactococcin A, suggesting that the immunity protein in fact does not act extracellularly.
Zeolite-Templated Carbon Materials for High-Pressure Hydrogen Storage (2012)

Zeolite-templated carbon (ZTC) materials were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated as potential hydrogen storage materials between 77 and 298 K up to 30 MPa. Successful synthesis of high template fidelity ZTCs was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and nitrogen adsorption at 77 K; BET surface areas up to ~3600 m(2) g(-1) were achieved. Equilibrium hydrogen adsorption capacity in ZTCs is higher than all other materials studied, including superactivated carbon MSC-30. The ZTCs showed a maximum in Gibbs surface excess uptake of 28.6 mmol g(-1) (5.5 wt %) at 77 K, with hydrogen uptake capacity at 300 K linearly proportional to BET surface area: 2.3 mmol g(-1) (0.46 wt %) uptake per 1000 m(2) g(-1) at 30 MPa. This is the same trend as for other carbonaceous materials, implying that the nature of high-pressure adsorption in ZTCs is not unique despite their narrow microporosity and significantly lower skeletal densities. Isoexcess enthalpies of adsorption are calculated between 77 and 298 K and found to be 6.5-6.6 kJ mol(-1) in the Henry's law limit.
Hospital acquired infections are falling, CDC reports (2015)

US hospitals saw significant reductions in nearly all hospital associated infections at the national level in 2013, including a 46% reduction in central line associated bloodstream infections, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported on 14 January.1 But hospitals’ infection control efforts failed to hit the five year reduction targets …
Bradykinin Induces Interleukin-6 Production in Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cells (2003)

Synthetic function of airway smooth muscle (ASM), defined as secretion of cytokines or chemokines, may regulate airway inflammatory responses in chronic obstructive lung diseases. Because bradykinin (BK) and interleukin (IL)-6 may play important roles in the regulation of airway inflammation, we tested whether BK induces IL-6 expression from human ASM cells. BK stimulates IL-6 release in a concentration-dependent (0.001-10 micro M) and time-dependent (2-24 h) manner. The increases in IL-6 protein and total mRNA were inhibited by the selective B(2) receptor antagonist HOE-140 but not by the selective B(1) receptor antagonist desArg(9)(Leu(8))-BK. Actinomycin D (a transcription inhibitor), dexamethasone, indomethacin, IL-4, and IL-13 (Th(2) type cytokines) inhibited the expression of IL-6 by BK. In contrast, BK-induced IL-6 secretion was enhanced by exogenous prostaglandin E(2) and salmeterol. Using immunoblot analysis, we showed that BK activates ERK1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). Blocking ERK1/2 with PD98059 or p38 MAPK with SB203580 reduced BK-induced IL-6 expression. BK also activates luciferase activity in ASM cells transfected with a reporter plasmid containing AP-1 enhancer elements. BK-induced, AP-1-dependent transcription was inhibited by indomethacin and dexamethasone. Curcumin, an inhibitor of AP-1, also reduced BK-induced IL-6 expression. These data show that BK, via the B(2) receptor, induces IL-6 expression in ASM cells by involving ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways and the AP-1 transcription factor. Moreover, IL-6 secretion by BK is sensitive to corticosteroids and is regulated by Th(2)-derived cytokines.
How Phase Composition Influences Optoelectronic and Photocatalytic Properties of TiO<sub>2</sub> (2011)

In the present study the ratio of rutile and anatase phases in sol−gel-synthe-sized TiO2 was varied by calcination at temperatures ranging from 500 to 900 °C. Changes in opto-electronic properties were analyzed by time-resolved microwave conductance measurements (TRMC) and evaluated by comparison of the photocatalytic activity. The presence of rutile improves the charge separation efficiency by trapping of positive charges at the rutile surface, as derived from the increased levels of conductivity and electron lifetimes. These phenomena result in a decrease in the effective hole concentration at the anatase surface, the TiO2 surface with the highest intrinsic reactivity, when in contact with rutile. Indeed, the presence of rutile results in inferior performance in the degradation of methylene blue and cyclohexane-selective photocatalytic oxidation. The negative effect of the presence of rutile can be compensated by improved morphological properties of the anatase phase, such as those present in P25. A novel structure−activity relationship is proposed and discussed.
Flow-Field Analysis of a Typical Hydrogen-Fueled Dual-Mode Scramjet Combustor (2011)

As one of the most promising propulsive systems for future hypersonic vehicles, the hydrogen-fueled dual-mode scramjet combustor has drawn the attention of an ever increasing number of researchers. The two-dimensional coupled implicit NS equations, the standard k-ε turbulence model, and the finite-rate/eddy-dissipation reaction model have been applied to numerically simulate the flow field of the dual-mode scramjet combustor, including the conditions of engine ignition and cold flow. The effect of the injection pressure and temperature on mode transition, and the movement of the shock-wave train, has been discussed. At the same time, the influence of the injection modes, namely, the transverse and horizontal, on the flow field of the combustor has been investigated. The obtained results show that the mode transition can be carried out by increasing the injection pressure and decreasing the injection temperature simultaneously. However, when the injection pressure is too high, the shock-wave train is pushed out of the isolator toward the entrance, and this causes inlet unstart. It has been found that the effect of the injection temperature on mode transition is smaller than that of the injection pressure. It is not easy to achieve mode transition when the fuel is injected horizontally into the airflow, and the combustion efficiency is lower than when the fuel is injected transversely.
Carbon Monoxide Oxidation by Methanogenic Bacteria (1977)

Different species of methanogenic bacteria growing on CO 2 and H 2 were shown to remove CO added to the gas phase. Rates up to 0.2 μmol of CO depleted/min per 10 ml of culture containing approximately 7 mg of cells (wet weight) were observed. Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum was selected for further study based on its ability to grow rapidly on a completely mineral medium. This species used CO as the sole energy source by disproportionating CO to CO 2 and CH 4 according to the following equation: 4CO + 2H 2 O → 1CH 4 + 3CO 2 . However, growth was slight, and the growth rate on CO was only 1% of that observed on H 2 /CO 2 . Growth only occurred with CO concentrations in the gas phase of lower than 50%. Growth on CO agrees with the finding that cell-free extracts of M. thermoautotrophicum contained both an active factor 420 (F 420 )-dependent hydrogenase (7.7 μmol/min per mg of protein at 35°C) and a CO-dehydrogenating enzyme (0.2 μmol/min per mg of protein at 35°C) that catalyzed the reduction of F 420 with CO. The properties of the CO-dehydrogenating enzyme are described. In addition to F 420 , viologen dyes were effective electron acceptors for the enzyme. The apparent K m for CO was higher than 1 mM. The reaction rate increased with increasing pH and displayed an inflection point at pH 6.7. The temperature dependence of the reaction rate followed the Arrhenius equation with an activation energy (ΔH‡) of 14.1 kcal/mol (59.0 kJ/mol). The CO dehydrogenase activity was reversibly inactivated by low concentrations of cyanide (2 μM) and was very sensitive to inactivation by oxygen. Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase of M. thermoautotrophicum exhibited several characteristic properties found for the enzyme of Clostridium pasteurianum but differed mainly in that the clostridial enzyme did not utilize F 420 as the electron acceptor.
Numerical Simulation of Two-Phase Flow in Injection Nozzles: Interaction of Cavitation and External Jet Formation (2003)

The present investigation demonstrates the strong interaction of cavitating nozzle flow with the outside jet formation. Due to the strong sensitivity of cavitation on the imposed boundary conditions, simulations with restriction on the internal problem are qualitatively and quantitatively incorrect, so that phenomena like hydraulic flip and supercavitation cannot be revealed. Our results indicate the potential of cavitation for enhancement of atomization and spray quality.
Treatment of Brain Metastasis from Lung Cancer (2010)

Brain metastases are not only the most common intracranial neoplasm in adults but also very prevalent in patients with lung cancer. Patients have been grouped into different classes based on the presence of prognostic factors such as control of the primary tumor, functional performance status, age, and number of brain metastases. Patients with good prognosis may benefit from more aggressive treatment because of the potential for prolonged survival for some of them. In this review, we will comprehensively discuss the therapeutic options for treating brain metastases, which arise mostly from a lung cancer primary. In particular, we will focus on the patient selection for combined modality treatment of brain metastases, such as surgical resection or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) combined with whole brain irradiation; the use of radiosensitizers; and the neurocognitive deficits after whole brain irradiation with or without SRS. The benefit of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) and its potentially associated neuro-toxicity for both small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are also discussed, along with the combined treatment of intrathoracic primary disease and solitary brain metastasis. The roles of SRS to the surgical bed, fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy, WBRT with an integrated boost to the gross brain metastases, as well as combining WBRT with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, are explored as well.
Synthesis, Characterization, and in vitro Antimalarial and Antitumor Activity of New Ruthenium(II) Complexes of Chloroquine (2009)

The new Ru(II) chloroquine complexes [Ru(eta(6)-arene)(CQ)Cl2] (CQ = chloroquine; arene = p-cymene 1, benzene 2), [Ru(eta(6)-p-cymene)(CQ)(H2O)2][BF4]2 (3), [Ru(eta(6)-p-cymene)(CQ)(en)][PF6]2 (en = ethylenediamine) (4), and [Ru(eta(6)-p-cymene)(eta(6)-CQDP)][BF4]2 (5, CQDP = chloroquine diphosphate) have been synthesized and characterized by use of a combination of NMR and FTIR spectroscopy with DFT calculations. Each complex is formed as a single coordination isomer: In 1-4, chloroquine binds to ruthenium in the eta(1)-N mode through the quinoline nitrogen atom, whereas in 5 an unprecedented eta(6) bonding through the carbocyclic ring is observed. 1, 2, 3, and 5 are active against CQ-resistant (Dd2, K1, and W2) and CQ-sensitive (FcB1, PFB, F32, and 3D7) malaria parasites (Plasmodium falciparum); importantly, the potency of these complexes against resistant parasites is consistently higher than that of the standard drug chloroquine diphosphate. 1 and 5 also inhibit the growth of colon cancer cells, independently of the p53 status and of liposarcoma tumor cell lines with the latter showing increased sensitivity, especially to 1 (IC50 8 microM); this is significant because this type of tumor does not respond to currently employed chemotherapies.