gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Defect Analysis on GaAs Crystals by Precision Measurements of Density and Lattice Parameter (1990)

Undoped semi-insulating GaAs crystals grown by LEC with different As fractions, y, in the Ga1−yAsy(l) melt (0.45 < y < 0.51) and Si, Te, and Zn doped GaAs crystals are analyzed by precision measurements for density, d, lattice parameter, a, and molar mass, M. Density and lattice parameter are nearly independent of melt composition in undoped crystals: d = (5.3165 ± 0.0003) g cm−3, a = (565.368 ± 0.001) pm. Molar mass M(GaAs) is determined from the known atomic mass M(As) of mononuclidic As and from determination of the molar mass M(Ga) of gallium. Precision neutron backscattering experiments indicate a relative decrease of the lattice parameter of 10−6 from y = 0.48 to 0.50. The X-ray density can be derived from a by using MGa = (69.723 56 ± 0.00038) g mol−1, MAs = (74.921 59 ± 0.000 02) g mol−1, and the Loschmidt-Avogadro number L = (6.022 1341± 0.66 × 10−6) × 1023 mol−1: d(X-ray) = (5.316 ± 0.001) g cm−3. By comparing d and d(X-ray) and assuming a boron concentration [BGa] = 10−6 B per sublattice site (2 × 1016 cm −3) one can derive a maximum surplus of native interstitial defects over vacancy defects of about 5 × 10−5 defects per sublattice site (1018 defects/cm3). Antisite defects GaAs and AsGa could exist in still higher concentration. Undotierte, semiisolierende LEC-GaAs-Kristalle mit verschiedenem As-Gehalt y, in der Ga1−yAsy(l)-Schmelze (0,45 < y < 0,51), sowie Si-, Te- und Zn-dotierte GaAs-Kristalle werden mittels Präzisionsmessungen der Dichte d, des Gitterparameters a, und der molaren Masse M analysiert. Für undotierte Kristalle sind die Dichte und der Gitterparameter nahezu unabhängig von der Stöchiometrie der Schmelze: d = (5,3165 ± 0.0003) g cm−3, a = (565,368 ± 0,001) pm. Höchstpräzise Neutronenrückstreuexperimente deuten auf eine relative Gitterparameterabnahme von 10−6 im Bereich y = 0,48 bis 0,50 hin. Mit den Annahmen MGa = (69,723 56 ± 0,00038) g mol−1, MAs = (74,921 59 ± 0.00002) g · mol−1 und die Loschmidt-Avogadro-Zahl L = (6,0221341 ± 0,66 × 10−6) × 1023 mol−1 läßt sich die Röntgendichte mit dem Gitterparameter a berechnen: d (Röntgen) = (5,316 ± 0,001) g cm−3. Bei einer Borkonzentration [BGa] = 10−6 B pro Untergitterplatz (2 × 1016 cm −3) kann durch Vergleich von d und d (Röntgen) ein maximaler Überschuß von 5 × 10−5 Zwischengittereigendefekten pro Untergitterplatz (1018 Defekte/cm3) gegenüber Leerstellendefekten abgeschätzt werden. Antisitedefekte, d. h. GaAs und AsGa, könnten sogar mit höherer Konzentration vorliegen.
Dual angiopoietin-2 and VEGFA inhibition elicits antitumor immunity that is enhanced by PD-1 checkpoint blockade (2017)

Pathological angiogenesis is a hallmark of cancer and a therapeutic target. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2; also known as ANG2) are proangiogenic cytokines that sustain tumor angiogenesis and limit antitumor immunity. We show that combined ANGPT2 and VEGFA blockade by a bispecific antibody (A2V) provided superior therapeutic benefits, as compared to the single agents, in both genetically engineered and transplant tumor models, including metastatic breast cancer (MMTV-PyMT), pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (RIP1-Tag2), and melanoma. Mechanistically, A2V promoted vascular regression, tumor necrosis, and antigen presentation by intratumoral phagocytes. A2V also normalized the remaining blood vessels and facilitated the extravasation and perivascular accumulation of activated, interferon-γ (IFNγ)-expressing CD8<sup>+</sup> cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Whereas the antitumoral activity of A2V was, at least partly, CTL-dependent, perivascular T cells concurrently up-regulated the expression of the immune checkpoint ligand programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in tumor endothelial cells. IFNγ neutralization blunted this adaptive response, and PD-1 blockade improved tumor control by A2V in different cancer models. These findings position immune cells as key effectors of antiangiogenic therapy and support the rationale for cotargeting angiogenesis and immune checkpoints in cancer therapy.
Sulfenic acid chemistry, detection and cellular lifetime (2013)

Ever increasing roles for protein sulfenic acids have been uncovered in physiology and pathology. A more complete understanding of sulfenic acid-mediated regulatory mechanisms will continue to require rigorous and new chemical insights. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Current methods to study reactive oxygen species - pros and cons and biophysics of membrane proteins. Guest Editor: Christine Winterbourn.
An exploration of feedback provision in a pharmacy degree programme from students’ perspectives (2012)

Background: When students across the United Kingdom were asked to evaluate their experience at university, the area they reported being least satisfied with was assessment and feedback. Aims: To investigate students’ views on feedback provision in a pharmacy degree programme. Method: Students were randomly selected and invited to participate in focus groups to discuss feedback. Discussions were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using a constant comparison approach. Results: Fifteen students participated in this qualitative study. Students considered feedback important for improving performance and clarifying mistakes. Participants provided opinions on what was important in relation to feedback and suggested how it could be further developed across the course. Conclusion: On some occasions, feedback provided failed to meet student expectations. However, several modules were deemed to be excellent and therefore provide examples of good practice which could be utilised within the School and by other universities.
Spin pumping in Co<sub>56</sub>Fe<sub>24</sub>B<sub>20</sub>multilayer systems (2008)

Broadband in-plane ferromagnetic resonance measurements were performed over a frequency range from 7 to 40 GHz on various Co56Fe24B20 systems with adjacent thin non-magnetic layers of Ru, Ta and Cu. Co56Fe24B20 samples bounded by either Ru or Ta layers exhibit a contribution to the Gilbert damping constant inversely proportional to the thickness of the Co56Fe24B20 layer, consistent with spin-pumping theory. In contrast, samples with 20 nm thick Cu bounding layers did not show a significant dependence of the Gilbert damping constant on the Co56Fe24B20 thickness, which can be understood based on the far larger spin diffusion length of Cu in comparison with Ru or Ta.
Ethylene polymerization catalysis over chromium oxide (1970)

Abstract A study of the nature of polymerization catalysis over CrO 3 –silica and of the nature of the polyethylene obtained is presented. A fixed surface chromate (or possibly dichromate) species was shown to be activated for polymerization by an oxidation–reduction reaction with the monomer or with other reactive compounds such as CO. A change in catalyst color from orange to blue occurred simultaneously, and an indigoblue color was present only during ethylene addition, indicating involvement of Cr d orbitals. A spectacular chemiluminescence, due to excitation of oxygen, occurred when CO‐treated catalyst was exposed to air. Active site population and the rate at which each site produced polymer molecules were calculated. A reaction mechanism compatible with the experimental data is depicted.
111. New therapeutic agents of the quinoline series. Part VI. Quinolyl-thiazoles, -amidines, and -pyrroles (1943)

H. Coates, A. H. Cook, I. M. Heilbron and F. B. Lewis, J. Chem. Soc., 1943, 419 DOI: 10.1039/JR9430000419
The Phononic Lattice Solid By Interpolation For Modelling<i>P</i>Waves In Heterogeneous Media (1994)

The 'pQononic lattice solid' (PLS) approach based on simulating the movement, interaction and scattering of quasi-particles on a discrete lattice has been developed recently to model wave propagation through heterogeneous media. In the initial version, the quasi-particles carried pressure and the differential equation describing the transport of quasi-particle number densities on the discrete lattice was solved using a finite-difference scheme. The significant problems and the limitations of this method are that only compressional waves are considered, the convergence is slow in homogeneous regions, the results are inaccurate when impedance contrasts are large and small lattice spacings are required to specify sharp interfaces (cf the classical finite-difference solution to the wave equation). To address the last three points, we develop an improved PLS approach by interpolation (PLSI) to directly model the behaviour of the quasi-particle number densities on the discrete lattice rather than solving the corresponding macroscopic transport equation using finite differences. This involves simulating the three microscopic processes describing the behaviour of quasi-particles: movement along the links between lattice nodes, scattering by medium heterogeneities and interaction between quasi-particles arriving at lattice nodes. In the movement step, quasi-particle number densities are moved from the nodes along the links by an amount cAr where c is the quasi-particle speed and Ar is the time step as if there were no heterogeneity in the link. Number densities are then interpolated to the locations of interfaces between parts of links with different properties and scattering is taken into account using the known 1-D reflection and transmission coefficients. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that, in the macroscopic limit, the PLSI models the acoustic wave equation for N-D heterogeneous media ( N = 1,2, 3). A 2-D numerical example illustrates the PLSI approach. The PLSI is comparable with the lattice Boltzmann lattice gas appproach in that no finite-difference errors are present but models wave phenomena in heterogeneous media rather than fluid flow and acoustic waves in a constant bulk modulus gas. Because the PLSI can handle sharp interfaces at any location (cf classical finite difference methods have difficulty handling sharp interfaces), it may enable numerical experiments to be conducted of wave propagation through complex fractured and porous rocks to study the causes of anisotropy and attenuation including the effect of non-linear solid-fluid interactions. This would require the extension of the approach to model shear waves in addition to compressional waves.
[Application of wireless sensor networks in healthcare]. (2013)

This paper introduces general architecture of wireless sensor networks architecture and application in healthcare, discusses the application direction which is urgent need to expand in medical field.
Stabilization of Aldehydes as Propylene Glycol Acetals (1998)

Propylene glycol (PG) acetals (substituted 1,3-dioxalans) of a few representative aldehydes are prepared according to standardized methods in yields of 80-90%. A comparative study of the regeneration of citral from the corresponding dimethyl and PG acetals under mild acidic conditions showed that, although the former readily decomposed to an extent of 85%, the latter formed a near 1:1 equilibrium mixture with the generated aldehyde.
Survey of the clinical use of pressurized aerosol inhalers. (1979)

Questions as to the use of pressurized aerosol inhalers were asked of 130 persons presenting for routine pulmonary function studies who had used such a device in the previous year. After spirometry was conducted the subjects used the inhaler; they were unaware that their technique of use was being observed. Only 10.8% performed correctly all 11 maneuvers suggested for the proper use of the inhalers, and 24.7% failed to perform more than 5 satisfactorily. There were significant differences in performance according to referral diagnosis (chronic obstructive lung disease v. asthma) and regularity of use of inhalers.
Synthesis of nanodiamond derivatives carrying amino functions and quantification by a modified Kaiser test (2014)

Nanodiamonds functionalized with different organic moieties carrying terminal amino groups have been synthesized. These include conjugates generated by Diels-Alder reactions of ortho-quinodimethanes formed in situ from pyrazine and 5,6-dihydrocyclobuta[d]pyrimidine derivatives. For the quantification of primary amino groups a modified photometric assay based on the Kaiser test has been developed and validated for different types of aminated nanodiamond. The results correspond well to values obtained by thermogravimetry. The method represents an alternative wet-chemical quantification method in cases where other techniques like elemental analysis fail due to unfavourable combustion behaviour of the analyte or other impediments.
Remedies for Patent Infringement: A Comparative Study of U.S. and Chinese Law, 1 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 35 (2001) (2001)

Compared with the long history of U.S. patent law, Chinese patent law is still in its infancy. Nevertheless, there are similarities between the two laws in terms of remedies available for patent infringement. Both provide injunctive relief, damages and provisional rights remedies. Nevertheless, in granting each remedy, there are some differences. China has made consistent efforts to upgrade its patent laws to provide patent owners with adequate remedies. However there is still large room for improvement in the standards for granting preliminary injunctions, and in determining lost profits and reasonable royalties. Additionally, the Supreme Court of China should reconsider the issues of limitations on damages and attorney fees in order to balance the interests of the patent owners and innocent infringers. Unquestionably, the theories and experiences provided by U.S. patent law are good “prior art.”
12C-Like Communication for the Power Meter IC (2004)

Absrrar - In this paper, we will present the communication the prototype. In this paper we will present the controller ~~ ~. controller for the power meter IC. The realized controller is based on the I’C communication standard. The I’C standard was modified in order to provide addressing (for reading and writing) &bit memory words in DSP part of the PMIC, instead of design, as well as Some modificatio~s of the Izc standard that had to be done in order to all the requirements needed for testing. addressing individual PMICs. -The controller contains the mechanism for the synchronization with DSP, which doesn’t interfere DSPs performance. The design is synthesized using AMS 0.35 pm standard cells, and can be utilized in final product realization, Simulation results are also presented in the paper.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis: advances in disease pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapeutics (2010)

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the most common tropical dermatoses worldwide and is of major public health importance. It is caused by numerous Leishmania protozoa species, which are responsible for its clinical diversity. With changes in vector (sandfly) habitat and increased travel among human populations, its incidence is rising, and in nonendemic countries, including the UK, it is increasingly diagnosed in migrants, returned travellers, and military personnel. Diagnostic tests have not always been sufficiently sensitive, and despite a wide range of treatments, poor therapeutic responses and adverse effects are common. In the past decade, there have been notable advances in molecular diagnostics, in the understanding of host immune responses to infection, and in new therapeutic interventions and vaccine development.
A Compact Thin Film Lumped Element Circulator Using a Capacitor, Common to All Three Arms, for Broadbanding or Switching (1970)

A thin film lumped element circulator using only cross-over capacitances and a single capacitor comon to all three ports, the equivalent circuit of which is shown in Figure 1a, has yielded a 20 dB bandwidth > 30%.
The binding of organic anions by polyvinylpyrrolidone: Determination of intrinsic binding constant and number of binding sites by competitive binding (1984)

Abstract The binding of 4′‐dibutylaminoazobenzene‐4‐sulfonate (butyl orange, BO) and 1‐amino‐4‐methylaminoanthraquinone‐2‐sulfonate (AQ) by crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone and the competition between BO and AQ for binding sites of the polymer were examined. The equilibrium data showed competitive binding. Thus the intrinsic binding constants and the number of binding sites can be evaluated easily and precisely by competitive binding. The thermodynamic parameters that accompained the binding were calculated from the intrinsic binding constant and its temperature‐dependence. The thermodynamic data for BO showed that the binding process is athermal and stabilized entirely by the entropy term. The binding of BO to the polymer is entropically favorable as a result of the operation of the hydrophobic effect. In contrast, with AQ a favorable free energy for a dye‐polymer complex formation is associated with a large negative enthalpy and a small entropy. Therefore it is likely that the binding of AQ occurs by energetic forces and that the large aromatic ring of the dye contributes to the binding energy. On the average, BO and AQ can bind to the crosslinked polymer to the extent of 1 dye/ca 73 basemol in 0.1 M tris‐acetate buffer, pH 7.0.
Siting of Doppler weather radars to shield ground targets (1985)

Weather radars are usually sited so they can survey as large an area as possible. A large surveillance area is achieved by placing the antenna as high as practical but then the radar can be blind to weather targets near the ground because of ground clutter interference. There are applications where it is necessary to have fine resolution of low altitude divergence and wind shear near the ground in regions of weak weather reflectivity. This requirement can be most conveniently satisfied when surveillance is near the radar, but it brings attention to the problem of reducing ground clutter. Although cancelers help to reduce ground target echoes, they cannot eliminate them, and reduction for scanning beams is limited to about 40 dB. Proper siting to take advantage of natural terrain and man-made shields (clutter fences) can further reduce ground clutter. Criteria are developed that relate ground target illumination to antenna characteristics, shield heights, and the distance to the shield. Both geometric optic and diffraction theory are used to estimate the effectiveness of shields.
ChemInform Abstract: V2(PO4)3: A Novel NASICON‐Type Vanadium Phosphate Synthesized by Oxidative Deintercalation of Sodium from Na3V2(PO4)3. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Natural history of chronic hepatitis B (2005)

Auteur(s) : F Zoulim, C Trepo Inserm U 271 et Hotel Dieu, Service d’hepatogastroenterologie, Lyon Epidemiologie de l’hepatite B Malgre la disponibilite d’un vaccin efficace contre l’hepatite B, cette infection virale demeure un probleme majeur de sante publique a l’echelon mondial [1]. On estime que 350 millions de personnes sont porteuses chroniques du virus de l’hepatite B dans le monde. On estime que, aux Etats-Unis, environ 1,25 million de personnes sont porteuses [...]
A mobile radio single-frequency "Two-way" diversity system using adaptive retransmission from the base (1973)

This paper describes an adaptive retransmission system capable of providing a UHF (1 GHz) mobile radio channel with "two-way diversity." The system is unique in that all signal processing associated with the diversity combining is done at the base station. A two-branch prototype of the system, without modulation, was field tested to determine its adaptive retransmission performance. These tests indicate that the statistics of the fading envelope at both the base and mobile stations closely agree with those predicted by theory for an equal gain combiner with correlation between the branches.
Current and planned multicenter trials for patients with primary or metastatic melanoma (2011)

Multicenter clinical trials have established new standards of care in the surgical and medical management of malignant melanoma. They have led to the testing of new therapies and improved outcomes for patients with loco-regional and distant disease. Many pressing questions remain, however, and additional multicenter trials are currently underway to address them. The purpose of this review is to summarize relevant ongoing and planned multicenter trials that have and continue to define current melanoma management.
A Revision of Aloe Transvaalensis, O. Kuntze, Together with Descriptions of Three New Aloes from the Transvaal, One from Natal, and a New Leptaloe from Zululand (1936)

Volume: 2
Peak shapes in semidifferential electroanalysis (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPeak shapes in semidifferential electroanalysisPenny. Dalrymple-Alford, Masashi. Goto, and Keith B. OldhamCite this: Anal. Chem. 1977, 49, 9, 1390–1394Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50017a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50017a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views273Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nutritional analysis of blenderized enteral diets in the Philippines. (2004)

The objective of this study was to analyze the nutritional quality and viscosity of blenderized enteral tube feedings (BTFs) from four hospitals in the Philippines. Samples of two different BTFs (one standard and one modified) were collected from each hospital on three separate occasions and analyzed for macronutrients, micronutrients, and viscosity. There was considerable variation among the BTFs for the concentrations of most nutrients measured. For standard BTF samples, the caloric density ranged from 66-123 kcal/100g and the percentages of total weight for protein, carbohydrate, and fat ranged from 1.5-4.0%, 8.6-21.4%, and 0.27-3.40%, respectively. Levels of specific vitamins were undetectable in 10 standard and 15 modified BTF samples. In samples where vitamin levels were detectable, results were: vitamin A, 625-8850 IU/kg; riboflavin, 0.40-5.00 mg/kg; and pyridoxine, 0.14-3.00 mg/kg. Mineral concentrations also varied greatly (eg calcium, 64-524 mg/kg; sodium, 148-886 mg/kg; iron, 3.0-13.7 mg/kg; and zinc, 1.8- 11.5 mg/kg). Correlation coefficients were statistically significant only for carbohydrate (r = 0.48, P = 0.017). Measured values tended to be lower than expected values for all nutrients, although the difference was statistically significant only for calories (P = 0.023). The viscosity of BTF samples ranged from 2.3-45,060 centipoise, excluding three samples that were too viscous for analysis. This study demonstrates that hospital prepared blenderized enteral tube feedings render unpredictable levels of micronutrients and macronutrients and appear likely to deliver less than the desired amounts of nutrients. Additionally, the viscosity of these feedings may be unsuitable for infusion through feeding tubes.