gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chikungunya virus isolation using simplified cell culture technique in Mauritius. (2012)

During the chikungunya outbreak of 2005 - 2006, the only laboratory facilities available in Mauritius were virus isolation in cell culture tubes and serology. The laboratory was submerged with large numbers of blood samples. Comparative isolation was made in human embryonic lung (HEL) and VERO cells grown in 96-well plate. Culture on HEL cells was found to be more sensitive and presence of cytopathic effect (CPE) was observed earlier than in VERO cells. Out of the 18 300 blood samples inoculated on HEL, 11 165 were positive. This virus isolation method was of great help for the surveillance and control of the vectors. In cases of an outbreak a cheap, rapid and simple method of isolating chikungunya virus is described.
P‐001: Alzheimer's disease patient's dependency on unpaid caregivers: Activities and impacts (2007)

The majority of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, across all severities are dependent on others for some level of assistance. As the number of persons with AD increases, the need for care will proportionally increase. Unpaid caregivers, predominantly family members such as a spouse or children, provide a substantial amount care. To characterize the types, amount and impact of activities performed by unpaid caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease. The data are from the 2004 National Long Term Care Survey, a nationally representative survey of Medicare recipients aged 65 years or more, sponsored by the National Institutes of Aging. Analyses are restricted to the 119 unpaid caregivers of patients identified by the proxy respondent as having Alzheimer's disease. Questions were asked of assistance for ADLs (activities of daily living) and IADLs (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living). Data are weighted to reflect the total population. In 2004, an estimated 217,819 AD patients have at least one unpaid caregiver (CG). The mean age of the CGs is 70 years, 2% are spouses and 47% are children. 55% of CGs live with the patient; CG assistance averaged 48 hours per week. 50% of CGs have been providing care for more than 2 years and 70% report progressing to providing more care than initially provided. 35% of caregivers indicated that there is no other person to assist, should they become unable to provide assistance. CGs provide assistance across a variety of activities as summarized in the following table: In addition to providing assistance, the CGs themselves experience impacts as a result of caregiving as summarized in the following table: The CGs reported that they also require assistance with aspects of activities of daily living (ADL). 98% of CGs reported using assistance for at least one instrumental ADL and 63% reported using assistance for at least one ADL. Unpaid CGs provide a substantial amount of assistance to dependent AD patients. CGs themselves report impacts on their lives and many require some assistance with either an IADL or an ADL.
Bovine papillomavirus with a mutation in the E2 serine 301 phosphorylation site replicates at a high copy number (1991)

The E2 open reading frame of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) encodes at least three proteins with transcriptional regulatory properties. The full-length E2 open reading frame encodes a transcriptional transactivator, and the 3' region encodes two smaller polypeptides that repress E2-mediated transactivation. The full-length gene product is also required for viral DNA replication. We have demonstrated that the BPV-1 E2 polypeptides are phosphorylated primarily on two serine residues at a site adjacent to the carboxy-terminal DNA binding domain, which is common to all three E2 proteins (A. A. McBride, J. B. Bolen, and P. M. Howley, J. Virol. 63:5076-5085, 1989). These serine residues, at amino acid positions 298 and 301, were substituted with alanine residues in the context of the entire BPV-1 genome. The mutated BPV-1 genomes were introduced into rodent cell lines and assayed for focus formation, viral gene expression, and extrachromosomal viral DNA replication. Viral DNAs containing the E2 serine-to-alanine substitution mutants transformed C127 cells with efficiencies comparable to that of wild-type BPV-1. However, the viral genome containing the serine-to-alanine substitution at position 301 of the E2 polypeptide replicated to a copy number 20-fold higher than that of wild-type DNA.
Disability support pension: Meaning of ordinary income; lump sum payment of arrears of superannuation pension entitlements: COLE and secretary to the DFHCSIA and and secretary to the DFHCSIA and COLE (2013)

The appeals related to the payment of disability support pension (DSP) to Cole. The issue in dispute related to the classification of income received by Cole under the provisions of the Social Security Act 1991 (the Act), namely, the lump sum payment of arrears to Cole on 13 March 2012 from the Retirement Benefits Fund (RBF). There was no dispute about the calculation of income for the relevant period.
<i>Physics of Thin Films: Advances in Research and Development, Vol. 3</i> (1968)

Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation G. Haas, R. E. Thun, Joseph G. Hoffman; Physics of Thin Films: Advances in Research and Development, Vol. 3. Physics Today 1 April 1968; 21 (4): 107–108. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3034895 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPhysics Today Search Advanced Search
Switching Off FRET in the Hybrid Assemblies of Diblock Copolymer Micelles, Quantum Dots, and Dyes by Plasmonic Nanoparticles (2012)

Recently, it has been noticed that surface plasmon resonance of metal nanoparticles can alter the intrinsic properties of nearby fluorophores. Field enhancement and radiative decay engineering are major principles for understanding a number of experimental observations such as enhanced and quenched emission of fluorophores in the vicinity of metal nanoparticles. At the same time, there are apparent similarities between surface-plasmon-coupled fluorescence and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), as both are near-field through-space interactions. From this perspective, we hypothesize that donor-acceptor interaction in the FRET can be altered by metal nanoparticles. Our approach is based on diblock copolymer micelles, which have been widely applied for nanoscale arrangement of functionalities. By applying self-assembling techniques of copolymer micelles to organize the spatial location of semiconductor quantum dots, fluorescent dyes, and metal nanoparticles, the FRET in hybrid assemblies can be switched off by plasmonic effects.
X-ray CT high-density artefact suppression in cryosurgery (2002)

Advantages of x-ray CT for imaging guidance of cryosurgery include 3D visualization of frozen and unfrozen tissue and calibration of temperature in the tissue water-ice interface (0-10 degrees C) to Hounsfield units. However, use of x-ray CT images and their thermal calibration can be compromised by the cryoprobes generating high-density streak artefacts. A new subtraction technique for artefact suppression is proposed and tested in prostate cryosurgery simulations. By subtracting the measured CT x-ray projection profile without cryoprobes from the profile with cryoprobes plus iceballs, one obtains the combined profile of the cryoprobes and a low value background. Polynomial interpolation to obtain the background profile allows its addition to the original profile without probes. The result may then be fed to a conventional filtered back-projection routine to reconstruct the probe-free image. Finally the cryoprobe pixels in the originally constructed image with probes and iceballs are added back to the probe-free image to get the final artefact-suppressed image. The major advantage of this subtraction technique is that it can successfully suppress the high-density artefacts in bone-abundant body regions such as the pelvis. X-ray CT images of cryoprobe arrays in a homogeneous gelatin phantom and the pelvic region of an anthropomorphic Rando phantom containing a human skeleton were generated. After suppression, cryoprobe metal artefact streaks are reduced and visualization of the positions and dimensions of the cryoprobes are well preserved.
A VLSI Architecture for MPEG-4 Stream Processing and Communication (2000)

SCI-STI-MM
Cloning and expression of a novel human brain inward rectifier potassium channel. (1994)

A complementary DNA encoding an inward rectifier K+ channel (HRK1) was isolated from human hippocampus using a 392-base pair cDNA (HHCMD37) as a probe. HRK1 shows sequence similarity to three recently cloned inwardly rectifying potassium channels (IRK1, GIRK1, and ROMK1, 60, 42, and 37%, respectively) and has a similar proposed topology of two membrane spanning domains that correspond to the inner core structure of voltage gated K+ channels. When HRK1 was expressed in Xenopus oocytes, large inward K+ currents were observed below the K+ reversal potential but very little outward K+ current was observed. In on-cell membrane patches, single channel conductance (g) was estimated to be 10 picosiemens by both direct measurement and noise analysis, in 102 mM external [K+]. HRK1 currents were blocked by external Ba2+ and Cs+ (K(0) = 183 microM, and K(-130) = 30 microM, respectively), and internal tetraethylammonium ion (K(0) = 62 microM), but were insensitive to external tetraethylammonium ion. The functional properties of HRK1 are very similar to those of glial cell inward rectifier K+ channels and HRK1 may represent a glial cell inward rectifier.
High Resolution Millimeter Wave Inspecting of the Orbiter Acreage Heat Tiles of the Space Shuttle (2007)

The physical cause of Space Shuttle Columbia's catastrophic failure was a breach in its thermal protection system, caused by a piece of external tank insulating foam (SOFI) separating from the external tank and striking the leading edge of the left wing of the orbiter. Consequently, there is an urgent need for a rapid, robust and life-circle oriented nondestructive testing (NDT) technique capable of inspecting the SOFI as well as the orbiter's protective heat tiles and its fuselage prior and subsequent to a launch. Microwave and millimeter wave NDT methods have shown great potential to achieve these goals using real focused reflectometer techniques and synthetic aperture focused techniques. This paper presents recent results of an investigation for the purpose of detecting anomalies such as debonds and corrosion in the structurally complex multi-sectioned protective heat tiles using a real focused 150 GHz (D-band) reflectometer and wide-band millimeter wave holography at 18-26.5 GHz (K-band) and 33-50 GHz (Q-band). The results of these investigations clearly show the utility of millimeter wave NDT methods for detecting such anomalies. Both methods provide a significant amount of information about the nature of an anomaly including size and location.
Probiotic Bacteria Produce Conjugated Linoleic Acid Locally in the Gut That Targets Macrophage PPAR γ to Suppress Colitis (2012)

Probiotic bacteria modulate gut microbial diversity and favor local production of CLA in the colon that targets myeloid cell PPAR γ to suppress colitis.
The Challenge of Postoperative Infections Does the Surgeon Make a Difference? (1997)

Postoperative infections remain a challenge in many surgical procedures despite improved surgical technique and powerful antibiotics. The number of sepsis cases has tripled from 1979 to 1992 due to increased invasive procedures in older and immune-suppressed patients. Increasingly, in recent years, outbreaks of resistant pathogens have been published, provoking the question of how postoperative infections and resistant pathogens should be dealt with. Wound classification and risk stratification were developed to identify patients at risk for postoperative infection. However, other important intrinsic factors of the patient were not included, and further attempts have been made to increase sensitivity and specificity (eg, Study on the Efficacy of Nosocomial Infection Control project, National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System score); the American Society of Anesthesiologists preoperative assessment score and the operation duration for specific procedures were introduced into the system as risk stratifiers. Advances in immunology have identified new ways in which the surgeon can moderate the immune response (eg, hemorrhage and blood transfusion-induced immune suppression). The increased rate of resistance in enterococci and staphylococci has refocused attention on infection control in surgery. However, there are recent reports from both sides of the Atlantic indicating that guidelines for infection control and antibiotic policy have not become reflected in standard procedures in many hospitals. New antibiotics may be developed, but resistance soon may follow. Sound techniques in surgery, with careful infection control and antibiotic policies, may be the only strategy to prevent further increases in resistance of pathogens in postoperative infections.
Chemical-Mechanical Alteration of Elemental Sulfur (1972)

Elemental sulfur is altered by chemical, allotropic, or mechanical means. Of the chemical modifiers the Thiokol family of additives are some of the most effective modifiers available. By control of the time-temperature history of sulfur in the liquid and solid phases, it is possible to control the allotropic modification of sulfur and its mechanical properties. Mechanical modification of sulfur with non-chemically reactive filler materials such as aggregates and fibers yields materials with properties different from those of the parent materials.
Development and Applications of an Aqueous-Based Surface Modification Agent (2013)

Abstract Surface modification agents (SMAs) were developed more than fifteen years ago to agglomerate proppant to reduce proppant flowback, prevent fines invasion and migration, and improve fracture conductivity. The instant onset of extreme tackiness and insolubility of SMAs can present operational challenges with respect to maintaining and cleaning fracturing equipment. This paper presents the laboratory development and field implementation of a new, aqueous-based surface modification agent (ASMA) that addresses operational challenges and provides superior economic benefits with low health and environmental risk. New potential uses resulting from slow onset of tackiness are also presented. An ASMA is a water external emulsion having an SMA contained within the internal phase. This ASMA is applicable for all of the same uses as solvent-based SMAs, such as on-the-fly coating of proppant during fracturing, frac-packing, or gravel-packing. One new application made possible by emulsion delivery is the inclusion of the ASMA in the first fluid injected into a fracture, which coats the fracture face with a hydrophobic film. This film provides stability to soft formations, inhibits water invasion, minimizes damage attributed to formation spalling, and improves proppant distribution by causing proppant to adhere to the frac face. ASMA is aqueous based, and can be diluted in brine for deep injection into existing proppant packs. This enables its use for remedial treatments to repair fines-damaged frac-packs where frequent acid treatments are required to maintain acceptable production. Laboratory optimization of acid stimulation and remedial fines-control treatment designs are presented. New emulsion technology allows SMA release to be delayed so that the extreme tackiness and insolubility does not damage mixing equipment, and can be easily cleaned. In addition, the delayed delivery of the SMA permits direct injection into proppant packs and the formation matrix to provide for remedial fines treatments, resulting in longer lasting acid stimulation of frac-pack completions.
High temperature magnetostriction of TbFe&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;and Tb&lt;inf&gt;.27&lt;/inf&gt;Dy&lt;inf&gt;.73&lt;/inf&gt;Fe&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt; (1985)

The RFe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> alloys (R=Tb,Dy,Sm) offer opportunities for achieving very high magnetostrictions at temperatures far above room temperature. Saturation strains greater than 1000 ppm have been measured at temperatures as high as 200°C. In addition to saturation strain measurements, we have measured magnetostriction of Tb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">.27</inf> DY <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">.73</inf> Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> under compressive stress from -30°C to 80°C, a temperature range encountered in many magnetomechanical transducers. From these data optimum magnetic and mechanical biases can be determined. These measurements give an insight into the magnetization process in three distinct regions: (1) high cubic [100] easy anisotropy, (2) low anisotropy and (3) high cubic [111] easy anisotropy.
OVA66 increases cell growth, invasion and survival via regulation of IGF-1R–MAPK signaling in human cancer cells (2014)

Ovarian cancer-associated antigen 66 (OVA66), also known as CML66 (GenBank Accession No. AF283301), was first identified in an ovarian carcinoma complementary DNA (cDNA) expression library and was shown to play a role in tumorigenesis. Here, we find that OVA66 influences tumorigenesis by regulating the type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) signaling pathway. Stable knockdown of OVA66 in cancer cells attenuated phosphorylation of IGF-1R and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2)-Hsp27; similarly, a higher level of p-IGF-1R and ERK1/2-Hsp27 signaling was also detected after OVA66 overexpression in HO8910 cells. In vivo knockdown of OVA66 both reduced tumor burden in nude mice and decreased phosphorylation of IGF-1R, ERK1/2 and hsp27. We blocked IGF-1R function both by small interfering RNA (siRNA) and with the chemical inhibitor Linsitinib (OSI-906). By either method, tumorigenesis was inhibited regardless of OVA66 expression; thus, mechanistically, IGF-1R, probably, lies downstream of OVA66 in cancer cells. We also found that OVA66 regulates expression of murine double minute 2 (MDM2); this attenuates ubiquitination of IGF-1R in response to IGF-1 stimulation and promotes active ERK1/2 signaling. Thus, we propose that combined overexpression of OVA66 and MDM2 promotes oncogenesis by enhancing activation of the IGF-1R-ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
Das Prinzip, das der Arbeitsteilung zugrunde liegt (1977)

Die Arbeitsteilung, die so viele Vorteile mit sich bringt, ist in ihrem Ursprung nicht etwa das Ergebnis menschlicher Erkenntnis, welche den allgemeinen Wohlstand, zu dem erstere führt, voraussieht und anstrebt. Sie entsteht vielmehr zwangsläufig, wenn auch langsam und schrittweise, aus einer natürlichen Neigung des Menschen, zu handeln und Dinge gegeneinander auszutauschen.
The Systems  Y 2 O 3 ‐  P 2 O 5 and Gd2 O 3 ‐  P 2 O 5 (1980)

The systems and each contain six intermediate compounds of 4:1, 3:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:5 ratios. The systems were investigated by solid‐state reactions and also by quenching methods in the glass‐forming region between the 1:2 and 1:5 compounds. The 4:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:5 compounds in the two systems appear to have identical or similar structures, whereas the 3:1 and 1:1 compounds differ in structure. It was found that the 4:1 and 3:1 compounds in the refractory portion of the systems have lower temperature limits of stability. The newly discovered 1:2 compounds in each system are relatively stable, decomposing to 1:1 and 1:3 near 1450°C and melting incongruently to 1:1 and liquid near 1305°C. The 1:3 compounds melt congruently and the 1:5 compounds melt incongruently to 1:3 and liquid.
SCR-based ESD Protection for High Bandwidth DRAMs (2007)

A modified SCR (silicon controlled rectifier) is proposed as an ESD protection for high speed signaling systems. With low voltage triggering (LVT) characteristics and good turn-on uniformity, the proposed SCR scheme accomplishes both goals, high discharging capability and C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in</sub> (input capacitance) reduction. The fabricated chips with the new ESD scheme passed the severe package level EOS test conditions such as HBM-5 kV and MM-500 V stress. The input capacitance, C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in</sub> , was measured to be 1.5 pF which satisfies the DDR3-1066 specification with enough margin. We have observed in SPICE simulation that the data eye can be enlarged to 277 ps (55.3% of UI) in DDR3 interface at 2 Gbps operation due to the C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in</sub> reduction effect.
The Hippo pathway mediates inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by cAMP (2015)

Taken together, these data demonstrate that cAMP-induced actin-cytoskeleton remodelling inhibits YAP/TAZ-TEAD dependent expression of pro-mitogenic genes in VSMC. This mechanism contributes novel insight into the anti-mitogenic effects of cAMP in VSMC and suggests a new target for intervention.
Antiviral Activity of Resveratrol against Human and Animal Viruses (2015)

Resveratrol is a potent polyphenolic compound that is being extensively studied in the amelioration of viral infections both in vitro and in vivo. Its antioxidant effect is mainly elicited through inhibition of important gene pathways like the NF-κβ pathway, while its antiviral effects are associated with inhibitions of viral replication, protein synthesis, gene expression, and nucleic acid synthesis. Although the beneficial roles of resveratrol in several viral diseases have been well documented, a few adverse effects have been reported as well. This review highlights the antiviral mechanisms of resveratrol in human and animal viral infections and how some of these effects are associated with the antioxidant properties of the compound.
Arctigenin protects cultured cortical neurons from glutamate‐induced neurodegeneration by binding to kainate receptor (2002)

We previously reported that arctigenin, a lignan isolated from the bark of Torreya nucifera, showed significant neuroprotective activity against glutamate-induced toxicity in primary cultured rat cortical cells. In this study, the mode of action of arctigenin was investigated using primary cultures of rat cortical cells as an in vitro system. Arctigenin significantly attenuated glutamate-induced neurotoxicity when added prior to or after an excitotoxic glutamate challenge. The lignan protected cultured neuronal cells more selectively from neurotoxicity induced by kainic acid than by N-methyl-D-aspartate. The binding of [(3)H]-kainate to its receptors was significantly inhibited by arctigenin in a competitive manner. Furthermore, arctigenin directly scavenged free radicals generated by excess glutamate and successfully reduced the level of cellular peroxide in cultured neurons. These results suggest that arctigenin exerted significant neuroprotective effects on glutamate-injured primary cultures of rat cortical cells by directly binding to kainic acid receptors and partly scavenging of free radicals.