gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The use of machine learning in smart antennas (2004)

The goal here is to make arrays "smart" so that when one of the antenna elements in the array fails, the beamforming and beamsteering performance of the array degrades gracefully. Such an objective can be achieved in reconfiguring the array when an element is found to be defective, by either changing the material properties of the substrate or by applying appropriate loading in order to make the array functional again. Our approach is based on optimization using machine learning and support vector machines (SVM). The basic idea is to change the excitation coefficient for each array element (magnitude and phase) to optimize for changes due to the environment surrounding an array antenna. Using support vector machines, one can train the antenna array to change its elements' phase or excitation distribution in order to maintain a certain radiation pattern or to enhance its beamsteering and nulling properties and solve the DOA problem as well.
Synthesis of Chitooligosaccharide Derivatives by Condensation Polymerization (1989)

Abstract Oligomerization of mono- and oligosaccharide units can be an interesting methodology for synthesis of homooligosaccharides and oligosaccharides having repeating units, respectively. Recently, chitooligosaccharides, especially the hexamer, were shown to have an antitumor effect,2 suppress metastasis3 and protect against microbial infection.4 For the synthesis of these oligomers the ring-opening polymerization of such monomers as 1,6-anhydro5 and 1,2-cyano-ethylidene6 derivatives, which are the effective monomers for polycondensation, cannot be used.
A Phase 2 Study of Cisplatin in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma (1993)

A phase 2 study of cisplatin was performed in 28 previously untreated patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. The drug was given intravenously at a dose of 80 mg/m2/day every 4 weeks. Of 26 patients evaluated, 4 (15.4%) showed partial responses lasting for > 3 months, while no patient achieved a complete response. Of 22 patients whose serum level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was high (> 400 ng/ml) before treatment, 6 (27.3%) showed a > 50% reduction in serum AFP levels after treatment. The current study indicates that cisplatin is an anticancer agent worthy of further testing in patients with this disease.
Differential Effects of Various Electrical Parameters on Peripheral and Central Nerve Regeneration (1990)

Optimal factors for small DC current electrical stimulation for nerve regeneration were studied. These studies are consistent with previous data and values expected for a return of function following Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) damage. This work represents the first detailed investigation of a dose response in the PNS using applied electric fields. As such, using the stimulator design described herein, we have found that a delivery of 1.4 microA DC (about 8mV/cm field strength) to a nerve cuff will result in a more rapid increase of axon numbers in the distal slump with no detectable adverse influence of chronic delivery of current. Since it appears as though the regenerative capacity in the PNS and CNS is related to increased blood flow brought upon by the electric field, then it is important to consider this result in the final analysis of the mechanism of electric field induced nerve regeneration. Studies aimed at describing the mechanisms by which such regeneration occurs are now underway.
Purinostat Mesylate Is a Uniquely Potent and Selective Inhibitor of HDACs for the Treatment of <i>BCR-ABL</i> –Induced B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2019)

Purinostat mesylate provides a new therapeutic strategy for patients with Ph<sup>+</sup> B-ALL, including those who relapse after TKI treatment.
Design and performance of LDPC codes extended with parity-check symbols from a larger alphabet (2007)

This paper describes a method for constructing a certain class of LDPC codes over mixed integer residue rings. These codes are essentially extended LDPC codes where the additional redundant symbols come from a larger alphabet. In particular, we address the effects that zero divisors as edge weights in the Tanner graph of LDPC codes over Z, have, from the pseudocodeword perspective. First, we show that weighting certain edges of a Tanner graph with zero divisors of Z, can reduce the number of pseudocodewords arising from its finite degree covers. Second, we prove that in adding a redundant row to a given parity-check matrix, the smaller the number of zero divisors it contains, the more effective it is in constricting the corresponding fundamental polytope. Moreover, we argue that cycles of length four are not bad provided at least one of the four corresponding edge weights is a zero divisor. The culmination of these findings is a procedure for judiciously adding redundant check nodes to the Tanner graph representation of a mixed- alphabet code such that significant performance improvements under iterative decoding may be obtained.
Empirical atomic sensitivity factors for quantitative analysis by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (1981)

Abstract Quantitative information from electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis requires the use of suitable atomic sensitivity factors. An empirical set has been developed, based upon data from 135 compounds of 62 elements. Data upon which the factors are based are intensity ratios of spectral lines with F1s as a primary standard, value unity, and K2p 3/2 as a secondary standard. The data were obtained on two instruments, the Physical Electronics 550 and the Varian IEE‐15, two instruments that use electron retardation for scanning, with constant pass energy. The agreement in data from the two instruments on the same compounds is good. How closely the data can apply to instruments with input lens systems is not known. Calculated cross‐section data plotted against binding energy on a log‐log plot provide curves composed of simple linear segments for the strong lines: 1s, 2p 3/2 , 3d 5/2 and 4f 7/2 . Similarly, the plots for the secondary lines, 2s, 3p 3/2 , 4d 5/2 and 5d 5/2 , are shown to be composed of linear segments. Theoretical sensitivity factors relative to F1s should fall on similar curves, with minor correction for the combined energy dependence of instrumental transmission and mean free path. Experimental intensity ratios relative to F1s were plotted similarly, and best fit curves were calculated using the shapes of the theoretical curves as a guide. The intercepts of these best fit curves with appropriate binding energies provide sensitivity factors for the strong lines and the secondary lines for all of the elements except the rare earths and the first series of transition metals. For these elements the sensitivity factors are lower than expected, and variable, because of multi‐electron processes that vary with chemical state. From the data it can be shown that many of the commonly‐accepted calculated cross‐section data must be significantly in error—as much as 40% in some cases for the strong lines, and far more than that for some of the secondary lines.
High Throughput Screening of Fungal Endoglucanase Activity in <em>Escherichia coli</em> (2011)

Cellulase enzymes (endoglucanases, cellobiohydrolases, and β-glucosidases) hydrolyze cellulose into component sugars, which in turn can be converted into fuel alcohols1. The potential for enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass to provide renewable energy has intensified efforts to engineer cellulases for economical fuel production2. Of particular interest are fungal cellulases3-8, which are already being used industrially for foods and textiles processing. Identifying active variants among a library of mutant cellulases is critical to the engineering process; active mutants can be further tested for improved properties and/or subjected to additional mutagenesis. Efficient engineering of fungal cellulases has been hampered by a lack of genetic tools for native organisms and by difficulties in expressing the enzymes in heterologous hosts. Recently, Morikawa and coworkers developed a method for expressing in E. coli the catalytic domains of endoglucanases from H. jecorina3,9, an important industrial fungus with the capacity to secrete cellulases in large quantities. Functional E. coli expression has also been reported for cellulases from other fungi, including Macrophomina phaseolina10 and Phanerochaete chrysosporium11-12. We present a method for high throughput screening of fungal endoglucanase activity in E. coli. (Fig 1) This method uses the common microbial dye Congo Red (CR) to visualize enzymatic degradation of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) by cells growing on solid medium. The activity assay requires inexpensive reagents, minimal manipulation, and gives unambiguous results as zones of degradation (“halos”) at the colony site. Although a quantitative measure of enzymatic activity cannot be determined by this method, we have found that halo size correlates with total enzymatic activity in the cell. Further characterization of individual positive clones will determine , relative protein fitness. Traditional bacterial whole cell CMC/CR activity assays13 involve pouring agar containing CMC onto colonies, which is subject to cross-contamination, or incubating cultures in CMC agar wells, which is less amenable to large-scale experimentation. Here we report an improved protocol that modifies existing wash methods14 for cellulase activity: cells grown on CMC agar plates are removed prior to CR staining. Our protocol significantly reduces cross-contamination and is highly scalable, allowing the rapid screening of thousands of clones. In addition to H. jecorina enzymes, we have expressed and screened endoglucanase variants from the Thermoascus aurantiacus and Penicillium decumbens (shown in Figure 2), suggesting that this protocol is applicable to enzymes from a range of organisms.
Application of the ARTMAP neural network in the design of cascaded gratings and frequency selective surfaces (2002)

Currently, there is no closed form solution that can directly relate a desired frequency response to a corresponding frequency selective surface (FSS). Trial and error procedures are used until a frequency selective surface matches the desired criteria. One way of avoiding this laborious process and obtain a synthesis procedure is to utilize the training capabilities of neural networks. A neural network can be trained to keep changing the dimensions of the metallic strips or patches, their distance of separation, their shape, and the number of layers required in a multilayer structure until the frequency response matches the desired one. In the past, to achieve this goal, the back propagation learning algorithm was used in conjunction with an inversion algorithm. Unfortunately, both the back-prop algorithm and the inversion procedure are slow to converge. Others used "genetic algorithms" to solve the same problem. In this work the Fuzzy ARTMAP neural network is utilized. The Fuzzy ARTMAP is faster to train than the back-prop and it does not require an inversion algorithm to solve the FSS problem. Several results (frequency responses) from cascaded gratings for various angles of wave incidence, layer separation, width strips, and interstrip separation are presented and discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Energy and Cost Minimal Control of Active and Passive Building Thermal Storage Inventory (2005)

In contrast to building energy conversion equipment, less improvement has been achieved in thermal energy distribution, storage and control systems in terms of energy efficiency and peak load reduction potential. Cooling of commercial buildings contributes significantly to the peak demand placed on an electrical utility grid and time-of-use electricity rates are designed to encourage shifting of electrical loads to off-peak periods at night and on weekends. Buildings can respond to these pricing signals by shifting cooling-related thermal loads either by precooling the building’s massive structure (passive storage) or by using active thermal energy storage systems such as ice storage. Recent theoretical and experimental work showed that the simultaneous utilization of active and passive building thermal storage inventory can save significant amounts of utility costs to the building operator, yet increased electrical energy consumption may result. The article investigates the relationship between cost savings and energy consumption associated with conventional control, minimal cost and minimal energy control, while accounting for variations in fan power consumption, chiller capacity, chiller coefficient-of-performance, and part-load performance. The model-based predictive building controller is employed to either minimize electricity cost including a target demand charge or electrical energy consumption. This work shows that buildings can be operated in a demand-responsive fashion to substantially reduce utility costs with marginal increases in overall energy consumption. In the case of energy optimal control, the reference control was replicated, i.e., if only energy consumption is of concern, neither active nor passive building thermal storage should be utilized. On the other hand, cost optimal control suggests strongly utilizing both thermal storage inventories.
Nonstationary waveform analysis and synthesis using generalized harmonic analysis (2002)

This article presents a new method of spectrum analysis for nonstationary signals, the generalized harmonic analysis (GHA) method. The short-time Fourier transform suffers from truncation effects in spectrum analysis; however, GHA using almost-periodic functions can analyze and synthesize signals without the truncation effects. We have applied GHA to nonstationary signals, such as a piano tone and a singing voice, and found that the time-varying spectra, as well as the pitch, can be visualized with high frequency resolution.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Recent Advance on Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles-Based Controlled Release System: Intelligent Switches Open up New Horizon (2015)

Mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN)-based intelligent transport systems have attracted many researchers' attention due to the characteristics of uniform pore and particle size distribution, good biocompatibility, high surface area, and versatile functionalization, which have led to their widespread application in diverse areas. In the past two decades, many kinds of smart controlled release systems were prepared with the development of brilliant nano-switches. This article reviews and discusses the advantages of MSN-based controlled release systems. Meanwhile, the switching mechanisms based on different types of stimulus response are systematically analyzed and summarized. Additionally, the application fields of these devices are further discussed. Obviously, the recent evolution of smart nano-switches promoted the upgrading of the controlled release system from the simple "separated" switch to the reversible, multifunctional, complicated logical switches and selective switches. Especially the free-blockage switches, which are based on hydrophobic/hydrophilic conversion, have been proposed and designed in the last two years. The prospects and directions of this research field are also briefly addressed, which could be better used to promote the further development of this field to meet the needs of mankind.
Prototype infrared optical sensor and solar cell made of β-FeSi 2 thin film (2003)

A prototype infrared optical sensor has been fabricated by using a 0.21 μm-thick β-iron disilicide (β-FeSi<sub>2</sub>) thin film prepared by reactive deposition epitaxy (RDE) on an n-type (100) Si substrate (ρ approximately 1.5 Ωcm). Manganese ions (Mn<sup>+</sup>) were implanted into the β-FeSi<sub>2</sub> thin film as p-type dopants with a total dose of 5.5 x 10<sup>18</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup>. Al and AuSb thin films were metallized on β-FeSi<sub>2</sub> and Si surfaces respectively as electrodes. A circle area of the FeSi<sub>2</sub> film was left naked as the illumination window. The good diode characteristic confirmed the high quality of the pn junction. The spectroscopic spectrum indicated a clear photoresponse at room temperature. As evaluated by a standard solar simulator, the device provided an open-circuit voltage of <i>v</i><sub>oc</sub> = 261 mV and a short-circuit current density of <i>J</i><sub>sc</sub> = 3.1 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, suggesting a large potential of such devices in solar energy conversion. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) measurements found a large volume of oxygen in the surface of the β-FeSi<sub>2</sub> thin film and severe Fe/Si interdiffusion at the silicide-Si interface. These unwanted effects may be responsible for the unideal device performance. Methods to solve these problems are discussed including a proposal of an all-iron-silicide structure.
Development of the wireless Communications EarPlug for application in military aviation (2000)

Een nieuw type communicatiesysteem werd ontwikkeld, voor toepassing in vliegtuigen met extreem hoge lawaainiveaus.
日本における都市の階層性と空間構造 : 「規模」と「距離」による都市間構造分析 (2004)

日本の都市の空間的配置(都市間構造)には規則性があるように見える。また、都市の立地や規模の分布に関する研究には、「距離」と「規模」の関連を示唆するものも多い。\n\nそこで本稿では、都市の空間的配置の規則性について、都市規模と都市間距離を明示的な変数として実証を試みる。分析のツールとして、「自都市圏より規模の大きい都市圏のうち、最も距離の近い都市圏」(直近大都市圏)を設定し、それと都市規模の関係を中心に考察する。その結果、以下の3点に要約されるように、日本の都市間構造にとって規模と距離が重要な規定要因であることがわかる。\n\n1) 日本の都市圏のおおまかな階層構造を、直近大都市圏を結ぶことで表すことができる。\n\n2) 直近大都市圏距離とその順位には、ランク・ディスタンスルールというべき規則性がある。\n\n3) 自都市圏規模は、都市圏間距離と直近大都市圏規模によって規定される。直近大都市圏に対しては距離に関して競合関係、規模に関して補完関係があり、また、直近中枢都市圏および東京都市圏に対しては距離に関して補完関係がある。
A multi-purpose remote controller based on Bluetooth mobile phone (2010)

In this study, a multi-purpose remote controller based on Bluetooth mobile phone (MRCBMP) is proposed to provide users for a convenient control interface. The IR, RF and Bluetooth modules are integrated into the microcontroller module cooperated with Bluetooth mobile phone by Bluetooth module. By MRCBMP, users can control IR, RF and Bluetooth controlled objects without the numerous conventional remote controllers.
A review of the effects of anisotropic layering on the propagation of seismic waves (1977)

This paper reviews recent work, much of it unpublished, on the effects of anisotropy on seismic waves, and lays the theoretical background for some of the other papers in this number of the Geophysical Journal. The propagation of both body and surface waves in anisotropic media is fundamentally different from their propagation in isotropic media, although the differences in behaviour may be comparatively subtle and difficult to observe. One of the most diagnostic of these anomalies, which has been observed on some surface-wave trains, and should be evident in body-wave arrivals, is generalized, three-dimensional polarization, where the Rayleigh motion is coupled to the Love, and the P and SV motion is coupled to the SH. This coupling introduces polarization anomalies which may be used to investigate anisotropy within the Earth.
Stimulation of Growth Hormone Gene Expression in the Pituitary and Brain by <i>Panax ginseng</i> C. A. <i>MEYER</i> (1999)

has attracted increasing interest [1], although the source of GH,
Strong, Reversible Underwater Adhesion via Gecko-Inspired Hydrophobic Fibers (2014)

Strong, reversible underwater adhesion using gecko-inspired surfaces is achievable through the use of a hydrophobic structural material and does not require surface modification or suction cup effects for this adhesion to be effective. Increased surface energy can aid in dry adhesion in an air environment but strongly degrades wet adhesion via reduction of interfacial energy underwater. A direct comparison of structurally identical but chemically different mushroom shaped fibers shows that strong, reversible adhesion, even in a fully wetted, stable state, is feasible underwater if the structural material of the fibers is hydrophobic and the mating surface is not strongly hydrophilic. The exact adhesion strength will be a function of the underwater interfacial energy between surfaces and the specific failure modes of individual fibers. This underwater adhesion has been calculated to be potentially greater than the dry adhesion for specific combinations of hydrophobic surfaces.
Density maximisation classification in the lattice machine (2006)

This paper reviews the lattice machine classification framework (H. Wang et al., 1999), (Hui Wang et al., 2000), (Hui Wang et al., 2004) and its classification methods, in particular the density maximisation method (Hui Wang et al., 2003). This paper also suggests a different way of estimating density, which is based on the contextual probability (H. Wang and W. Dubitzky, 2005). The lattice machine approximates data resulting in, as a model of data, a set of hypertuples that are equilabelled, supported and maximal. Such a model can be used for classification with the C2 method (Hui Wang et al., 2000) or the density maximisation method (Hui Wang et al., 2003). The density maximisation method uses the lattice machine model of data to classify new data with a view to maximising the density of the model. The density maximisation method uses a simple definition of density. In this paper we suggest using a different density estimation method, which is based on the contextual probability
Acroatrophy secondary to long-standing applications of topical steroids (1990)

A 68-year-old woman presented for care of another problem. During the physical examination of this otherwise normal, healthy woman, striking atrophy of the terminal phalanges of the fingers was noted in both hands. This atrophy involved both dorsal (Fig 1) and palmar (Fig 2) surfaces of the fingers, with a sharp limitation at the level of the proximal interphalangeal joints. Only the right little finger was spared. The overlying skin of the terminal phalanges showed severe thinning, erythema, and scaling. The nails exhibited diffuse yellow discoloration and subungual hyperkeratosis, whereas the nails of both thumbs were lost. The toes, toenails, teeth, and hair showed no evidence of alterations, and the mucous membranes were normal. The patient applied a high-potency fluorinated steroid cream topically on the distal areas of the fingers on a daily basis for the last 20 years. This therapy was initiated in the early 1960s because of fingertip