gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dihydromethysticin from kava blocks tobacco carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone-induced lung tumorigenesis and differentially reduces DNA damage in A/J mice (2014)

We have previously shown that kava and its flavokavain-free Fraction B completely blocked 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice with a preferential reduction in NNK-induced O (6)-methylguanine (O (6)-mG). In this study, we first identified natural (+)-dihydromethysticin (DHM) as a lead compound through evaluating the in vivo efficacy of five major compounds in Fraction B on reducing O (6)-mG in lung tissues. (+)-DHM demonstrated outstanding chemopreventive activity against NNK-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice with 97% reduction of adenoma multiplicity at a dose of 0.05mg/g of diet (50 ppm). Synthetic (±)-DHM was equally effective as the natural (+)-DHM in these bioassays while a structurally similar analog, (+)-dihydrokavain (DHK), was completely inactive, revealing a sharp in vivo structure-activity relationship. Analyses of an expanded panel of NNK-induced DNA adducts revealed that DHM reduced a subset of DNA adducts in lung tissues derived from 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL, the active metabolite of NNK). Preliminary 17-week safety studies of DHM in A/J mice at a dose of 0.5mg/g of diet (at least 10× its minimum effective dose) revealed no adverse effects, suggesting that DHM is likely free of kava's hepatotoxic risk. These results demonstrate the outstanding efficacy and promising safety margin of DHM in preventing NNK-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice, with a unique mechanism of action and high target specificity.
Isolation and chemical composition of protein bodies and matrix proteins in corn endosperm (1969)

Microscopic examination of endosperm cells reveals the presence of starch granules and protein bodies held together by a protein matrix. To separate these subcellular structures, endosperm tissue, obtained 24 days after pollination, was gently homogenized in phosphate buffer. The particulate cell components were then separated by zone sedimentation on a sucrose density gradient. Sequential fractions were taken from different depths of the gradient tube, analysed for protein, and examined microscopically. Proteins were characterized by their amino acid composition and starch-gel electrophoretic patterns. Comparisons were made with proteins obtained from endosperm meal by extraction with different solvents. The slowest-sedimenting protein zone contained typical albumins and globulins soluble in centrifugation buffer. A 2nd zone contained a high mol. wt. protein soluble only in alkali. The amino acid profile of this glutelin protein differed significantly from glutelin extracted from meal with alkali. The 3rd zone contained particles microscopically identical to free protein bodies. The protein in these bodies was characterized as zein. The 4th and fastest-sedimenting zone was identified as protein bodies surrounded by a protein matrix. The matrix protein, which resembled glutelin protein in its solubility properties, differs significantly from the extracted glutelin in amino acid composition. The electrophoretic patterns of the reduced and alkylated proteins of zones 2 and 4 when in combination, resemble the electrophoretic patterns of reduced and alkylated glutelin obtained by direct extraction of endosperm meal.
10.6 μm damage threshold measurements on sub-one-hundred-ps pyroelectric detectors (1980)

Abstract Sub-one-hundred-ps response time pyroelectric detectors are being developed at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory (LASL) to be compatible with the 5-GHz oscilloscope direct-access mode of operation without damage. Strontium barium niobate, lithium tantalate lanthanum-doped lead zirconate, and lithium niobate are being evaluated for use in the edge and co-planar configurations. Devices designed at LASL are compared with commercially available detectors. Test results of a less than 15-ps risetime, 31-ps fall time 50/50 SBN pyroelectric detector are reported. Measurements to date of the damage threshold at 10.6 μm of the above materials in bulk, with various surface treatments, and in devices using 100-ps to 100-μs pulses are also reported.
A 3-DOF MEMS Electrostatic Piston-Tube Actuator (2015)

A three-degrees-of-freedom microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) electrostatic actuator was developed, fabricated, and tested. The actuator utilizes a piston-tube configuration that enables the use of electrodes with a wide area. Therefore, a large output force can be generated. The actuator also utilizes a flexure mechanism in which the in-plane (x-y) stiffness is high compared with the out-of-plane (z-axis) stiffness. This flexure mechanism enables a large translation stroke along the z-axis before experiencing lateral pull-in instability. A prototype of the actuator was able to achieve a pure translation (piston-style motion) of 28 μm at 80 V and an angle of rotation of 0.78° at 70 V. A mass of 1 mg was translated 24 μm at 80 V, indicating the ability of the actuator to provide high output force. The actuator was fabricated using the Micralyne MicraGEM-Si MEMS fabrication process, in which the pistons and tubes are fabricated in the device layers of two bonded Silicon on insulator (SOI) wafers. The misalignment between the pistons and the tubes using this process was ~0.005 of the gap between adjacent pistons and tubes. This amount of misalignment leads to a negligible lateral instability effect.
Restructuring upstream bioprocessing: technological and economical aspects for production of a generic microbial feedstock from wheat (2004)

Restructuring and optimization of the conventional fermentation industry for fuel and chemical production is necessary to replace petrochemical production routes. Guided by this concept, a novel biorefinery process has been developed as an alternative to conventional upstream processing routes, leading to the production of a generic fermentation feedstock from wheat. The robustness of Aspergillus awamori as enzyme producer is exploited in a continuous fungal fermentation on whole wheat flour. Vital gluten is extracted as an added-value byproduct by the conventional Martin process from a fraction of the overall wheat used. Enzymatic hydrolysis of gluten-free flour by the enzyme complex produced by A. awamori during fermentation produces a liquid stream rich in glucose (320 g/L). Autolysis of fungal cells produces a micronutrient-rich solution similar to yeast extract (1.6 g/L nitrogen, 0.5 g/L phosphorus). The case-specific combination of these two liquid streams can provide a nutrient-complete fermentation medium for a spectrum of microbial bioconversions for the production of such chemicals as organic acids, amino acids, bioethanol, glycerol, solvents, and microbial biodegradable plastics. Preliminary economic analysis has shown that the operating cost required to produce the feedstock is dependent on the plant capacity, cereal market price, presence and market value of added-value byproducts, labor costs, and mode of processing (batch or continuous). Integration of this process in an existing fermentation plant could lead to the production of a generic feedstock at an operating cost lower than the market price of glucose syrup (90% to 99% glucose) in the EU, provided that the plant capacity exceeds 410 m(3)/day. Further process improvements are also suggested.
Structure-Activity Determinants in Paneth Cell α-Defensins (2004)

Paneth cells secrete microbicidal enteric alpha-defensins into the small intestinal lumen, and cryptdin-4 (Crp4) is the most bactericidal of the mouse alpha-defensin peptides in vitro. Here, site-directed Arg to Asp mutations in Crp4 have been shown to attenuate or eliminate microbicidal activity against all of the bacterial species tested regardless of the Arg residue position. R31D/R32D charge-reversal mutagenesis at the C terminus and mutations at R16D/R18D, R16D/R24D, and R18D/R24D in the Crp4 polypeptide chain eliminated in vitro bactericidal activity, blocked peptide-membrane interactions, as well as Crp4-mediated membrane vesicle disruption. Lys for Arg charge-neutral substitutions in (R16K/R18K)-Crp4 did not alter the bactericidal activity relative to Crp4, showing that bactericidal activity appears not to require the guanidinium side chain of Arg at those two positions. Partial restoration of (R31D/R32D)-Crp4 bactericidal activity occurred when an electropositive Arg for Gly substitution was introduced at the peptide N terminus and the (G1R/R31D/R32D)-Crp4 peptide exhibited intermediate membrane binding capability. Also, the loss of peptide bactericidal activity in (G1D/R31D/R32D)-Crp4 and (R16D/R24D)-Crp4 mutants corresponded with diminished phospholipid vesicle disruptive activity. Fluorophore leakage from anionic phospholipid vesicles induced by the charge-reversal variants was negligible relative to Crp4 and lower than that induced by pro-Crp4, the inactive Crp4 precursor. Thus, Arg residues function as determinants of Crp4 bactericidal activity by facilitating or enabling target cell membrane disruption. The role of the Arg residues, however, was surprisingly independent of their position in the polypeptide chain.
TIN/W double layers as a barrier system for use in Cu metalization (1997)

Copper (cu) is considered as a candidate to replace aluminum based interconnections in integrated circuits, because of its higher electromigration resistance and low electrical resistivity. To fulfill the overall requirements it will be necessary to develop an adequate interconnection system for this material. This includes reliable barriers, but also resulting properties of the whole metalization system like, for example, corrosion resistance, adhesion properties, behaviour during patterning or reliability. This paper discusses both the barrier properties of a TiN(N/Ti 1)/W system and its effect on resulting properties of the deposited Cu film. The copper films were deposited by PVD or CVD.
Lysosomal membrane dynamics: structure and interorganellar movement of a major lysosomal membrane glycoprotein. (1986)

The biochemistry and intracellular transit of an integral membrane glycoprotein of chicken fibroblast lysosomes were studied with monoclonal antibody techniques. The glycoprotein had an apparent molecular weight of 95,000-105,000. Structural analysis involving metabolic labeling with [35S]methionine and cleavage with glycosidases revealed the presence of numerous oligosaccharide chains N-linked to a core polypeptide of apparent molecular weight 48,000. A primary localization of the glycoprotein to lysosomes was demonstrated by the coincidence of antibody binding sites with regions of acridine orange uptake, electron immunocytochemical labeling on the inner surface of lysosome-like vacuolar membranes, and preferential association of the glycoprotein with lysosome-enriched subcellular fractions from Percoll gradients. In addition, small quantities of the glycoprotein were detected on endocytic vesicle and plasma membranes. To study the intracellular pathway of the glycoprotein, we used a monoclonal antibody whose binding to the glycoprotein at the cell surface had no effect on the number or subcellular distribution of antigen molecules. Incubation of chicken fibroblasts with monoclonal antibody at 37 degrees C led to the rapid uptake and subsequent delivery of antibody to lysosomes, where antibody was degraded. This process continued undiminished for many hours on cells continuously exposed to the antibody and was not blocked by the addition of cycloheximide. The rate at which antigen sites were replenished in the plasma membrane of cells prelabeled with antibody (t1/2 = 2 min) was essentially equivalent to the rate of internalization of antibody bound to cell surfaces. These results suggest that there is a continuous and rapid exchange of this glycoprotein between plasma membrane and the membranes of endosomes and/or lysosomes.
Industrial Applications of Neural Networks (1998)

From the Publisher:
Industrial Applications of Neural Networks explores the success of neural networks in different areas of engineering endeavors. Each chapter shows how the power of neural networks can be exploited in modern engineering applications.
A knowledge-based information-access system for the telecommunications environment (2002)

The computing environment at Ameritech features a distributed telephone network and a wide range of applications. In order to examine the role of knowledge-based tools for information access in a distributed network and the concept of a standard human-machine interface for varied applications, a prototype called KIS (knowledge-based information-access system) has been developed. KIS provides an integrated presentation of the different forms of data, such as text and graphics. The KIS model attempts to separate the semantics of the user interface from those of an application. The applications include the development of knowledge-based models for adaptive presentation and the development of communications protocols.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Signal extrapolation using Empirical Mode Decomposition with financial applications (2011)

In order to extrapolate a signal, Empirical Mode Decomposition is used to decompose it into simpler components. Each component is individually extrapolated linearly, and the final extrapolation value is produced as the sum of these individual values. This technique is applied on financial signals, with a view towards capturing the sign of the increment of the signal instead of the exact future value, and the results are compared to cubic spline extrapolation.
Influence of Pregnancy on Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Activity (CD 26 Leukocyte Differentiation Antigen) of Circulating Lymphocytes (1991)

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD 26 leukocyte differentiation antigen) is an enzymic surface marker of a human T lymphocyte subpopulation which has been shown to be associated with their capacity to produce large amounts of interleukin 2 and proliferate strongly in response to mitogenic stimulation. The peptidase activity on the surface of purified human peripheral mononuclear cells was determined spectrophotometrically with the substrate glycyl-L-proline-4-nitroanilide. The peripheral mononuclear cells of pregnant women exhibited depressed mean dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity when compared with the activity of peripheral mononuclear cells from non-pregnant or male individuals. The gestational age (7 to 20 weeks) of the pregnant collective had no effects on peptidase levels. Women taking oral contraceptives had a slightly lower mean activity than the non-pregnant group not using contraceptives. Thus, reduced dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity of peripheral mononuclear cells might reflect impairement of cellular immunity during pregnancy.
Screening of CO <sub>2</sub> Laser (10.6 μm) Parameters for Prevention of Enamel Erosion (2012)

A set of CO(2) laser parameters was found that could significantly reduce enamel mineral loss (20%) under in vitro erosive conditions. However, as all parameters also caused surface cracking, they are not recommended for clinical use.
Sensitization of human glioblastomas to tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) by NF‐κB inhibitors (2004)

Glioblastoma is the most malignant form of primary brain tumor in adults, with no effective therapy and a low survival rate. TRAIL is a member of the TNF family, which selectively induces apoptosis in certain neoplastic cells, but not normal cells. In this study, we investigated the sensitivity of 7 human glioblastoma cell lines to TRAIL and the expression in them of TRAIL receptors. TRAIL exhibited significant cytotoxicity in 5 of 7 glioma cell lines. These glioblastoma cell lines expressed TRAIL-R2, but not TRAIL-R1, R3, or R4. However, no correlation was observed between the TRAIL sensitivity and the TRAIL-R2 expression level, suggesting that there is an additional determinant of TRAIL sensitivity. Treatments with NF-kappaB inhibitors, such as LLnL, MG132, and SN50, significantly increased the sensitivity of glioma cells to TRAIL. These results suggested that activation of NF-kappaB is a protective mechanism against TRAIL-induced cell death in some glioma cells, and thus NF-kappaB inhibitors may be useful to improve the clinical treatment of glioblastoma with TRAIL.
Wearable Audio Computing: A Survey of Interaction Techniques (2000)

We consider wearable computing applications which rely on audio as a primary medium of the interface. This paper surveys a range of interaction techniques which may be applied to the design of wearable audio computers (WACs). A summary of several speech and audio processing technologies which can be used in the interface of WACs are reviewed. We present several usage scenarios and focus on two specific systems which we are currently implementing. Nomadic Radio is a 3-D audio application which provides the user with a personalized and dynamic audio-only information environment. We are also developing an adaptive speech recognition system; an application based on this system enables hearing impaired users to visualize speech. Future research areas include adaptive interfaces, automatic situational awareness and focus of attention in wearable audio computing. Keywords Wearable computing, mobile computing, speech recognition, speech synthesis, audio interfaces, information retrieval, aud...
Characterization of the human liver fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase gene promoter (2000)

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase; EC 3.1.3.11), an important gluconeogenic enzyme, catalyses the hydrolysis of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate and Pi. Enzyme activity is mainly regulated by the allosteric inhibitors fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and AMP. Although some observations about hormonal regulation of the enzyme have been published, the FBPase promoter has not been studied in detail. Here we report an in vitro characterization of the FBPase promoter with respect to the elements that are required for basal promoter activity. Transient transfection of H4IIE rat hepatoma cells, combined with site-directed mutagenesis, demonstrated that an enhancer box, three GC-boxes and a nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-binding element are important for hepatic FBPase promoter activity. These elements are found in the region located between -405 to +25bp relative to the transcription start site. Electrophoretic-mobility-shift assays and supershift analysis confirmed that upstream stimulatory factor 1 (USF1)/USF2, specificity protein 1 (Sp1)/Sp3 and NF-κB respectively bind to these sites. The present study provides the basis for a more comprehensive screening for mutations in FBPase-deficient patients and for further studies of the transcriptional regulation of this gene.
ClonAR: Rapid redesign of real-world objects (2012)

ClonAR enables users to rapidly clone and edit real-world objects. First, real-world objects can be scanned using KinectFusion. Second, users can edit the scanned objects in our visuo-haptic Augmented Reality environment. Our whole pipeline does not use mesh representation of objects, but rather Signed Distance Fields, which are the output of KinectFusion. We directly render Signed Distance Fields haptically and visually. We do direct haptic rendering of Signed Distance Fields, which is faster and more flexible than rendering meshes. Visual rendering is performed by our custom-built raymarcher, which facilitates realistic illumination effects like ambient occlusions and soft shadows. Our prototype demonstrates the whole pipeline. We further present several results of redesigned real-world objects.
On the number of close-to-optimal feature sets. (2007)

The issue of wide feature-set variability has recently been raised in the context of expression-based classification using microarray data. This paper addresses this concern by demonstrating the natural manner in which many feature sets of a certain size chosen from a large collection of potential features can be so close to being optimal that they are statistically indistinguishable. Feature-set optimality is inherently related to sample size because it only arises on account of the tendency for diminished classifier accuracy as the number of features grows too large for satisfactory design from the sample data. The paper considers optimal feature sets in the framework of a model in which the features are grouped in such a way that intra-group correlation is substantial whereas inter-group correlation is minimal, the intent being to model the situation in which there are groups of highly correlated co-regulated genes and there is little correlation between the co-regulated groups. This is accomplished by using a block model for the covariance matrix that reflects these conditions. Focusing on linear discriminant analysis, we demonstrate how these assumptions can lead to very large numbers of close-to-optimal feature sets.
Sacituzumab govitecan (IMMU-132) in patients with previously treated metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC): Results from a phase I/II study. (2019)

354 Background: Patients (pts) with mUC who progress after platinum (PLT)-based chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) therapy have poor outcomes and limited treatment options. Sacituzumab govitecan (SG) is a novel antibody-drug conjugate. It consists of a monoclonal antibody targeting Trop-2, an epithelial cell surface antigen overexpressed in UC, conjugated to the active metabolite of irinotecan (SN38). Methods: We performed a phase I/II basket study in pts with advanced solid tumors receiving intravenous SG administered on day 1 and 8 of 21-day cycles, until progression or unacceptable toxicity. CT/MRI scans were obtained at 8-week intervals for response assessment. We evaluated pts with mUC who progressed after ≥1 prior systemic therapy and were treated with SG at the 10 mg/kg dose level. Endpoints included safety, objective response rate (ORR) by RECIST 1.1, clinical benefit rate (CBR; complete response [CR], partial response [PR], or else SD ≥6-mo), and Kaplan-Meier estimated duration of response (DOR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Results: 45 pts (41M/4F; median age 67, range 49-90; ECOG 0/1: 31%/69%) received a median of 2 (range: 1-6) prior treatment lines, including PLT-based chemotherapy (95%) and CPI (38%). 33 had visceral metastases involving liver (n=15), lung (n=27), and other organs (n=5). The ORR was 31% (14/45), with 2 CR and 12 PR. In pts with visceral involvement, the ORR was 27% (9/33). The ORR in CPI-treated pts was 23% (4/17). The median DOR was 12.6 mo (2 pts continuing >2 y), and the CBR was 47% (21/45). Median PFS and OS were 7.3 mo and 18.9 mo, respectively. The AE profile was consistent with prior reports. Grade ≥3 AEs in ≥5% of pts were neutropenia/neutrophil count decreased (38%), anemia (11%), hypophosphatemia (11%), diarrhea (9%), fatigue (9%), and febrile neutropenia (7%). Conclusions: SG demonstrated clinical activity in pts with relapsed/refractory mUC, including CPI-treated pts and pts with visceral disease. A single-arm, open-label, global phase 2 trial is underway to evaluate antitumor activity and safety of SG in advanced UC.(TROPHY-U-01; NCT03547973). Clinical trial information: NCT03547973.