gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calcite Crystal Growth Kinetics in the Presence of Charged Synthetic Polypeptides (2009)

Poly-l-glutamic (pGlu) and poly-l-aspartic (pAsp) acids, as analogues of naturally occurring soluble acidic proteins involved in biomineralization processes, and poly-l-lysine (pLys), were used to investigate calcite growth kinetics as a function of the interaction between the charged polypeptides and the calcite surface. The kinetics of calcite crystal growth was determined in a simplified precipitation model system by inoculating well-defined calcite seed crystals into a moderately supersaturated solution containing one of the polypeptides. The parabolic rate law was found to be valid for the calcite crystal growth, the integration of ions into the spiral steps at the calcite crystal surface being the rate-determining mechanism. Small amounts of pGlu or pAsp caused an inhibition of calcite crystal growth, the effect being pAsp > pGlu, and the exponential dependence of the growth rate on supersaturation confirmed that surface nucleation was the growth controlling mechanism in the presence of the two acidic polypeptides. The pLys nonselective, weak, electrostatic adsorption at the crystal surface was probably responsible for increasing the calcite growth rate at low concentrations and for inhibiting it at higher concentrations. The strongest interactions between the crystal surfaces and the polypeptides were observed for the calcite/pAsp systems. They could account for coordinative interactions between the side chain carboxylic groups of the predominantly planar arrangement of the pAsp structure (β-pleated sheet) and Ca2+ ions from the calcite surface.
SlimDB (2017)

Modern key-value stores often use write-optimized indexes and compact in-memory indexes to speed up read and write performance. One popular write-optimized index is the Log-structured merge-tree (LSM-tree) which provides indexed access to write-intensive data. It has been increasingly used as a storage backbone for many services, including file system metadata management, graph processing engines, and machine learning feature storage engines. Existing LSM-tree implementations often exhibit high write amplifications caused by compaction, and lack optimizations to maximize read performance on solid-state disks. The goal of this paper is to explore techniques that leverage common workload characteristics shared by many systems using key-value stores to reduce the read/write amplification overhead typically associated with general-purpose LSM-tree implementations. Our experiments show that by applying these design techniques, our new implementation of a key-value store, SlimDB, can be two to three times faster, use less memory to cache metadata indices, and show lower tail latency in read operations compared to popular LSM-tree implementations such as LevelDB and RocksDB.
MARK4 Is a Novel Microtubule-associated Proteins/Microtubule Affinity-regulating Kinase That Binds to the Cellular Microtubule Network and to Centrosomes (2004)

The MARK protein kinases were originally identified by their ability to phosphorylate a serine motif in the microtubule-binding domain of tau that is critical for microtubule binding. Here, we report the cloning and expression of a novel human paralog, MARK4, which shares 75% overall homology with MARK1-3 and is predominantly expressed in brain. Homology is most pronounced in the catalytic domain (90%), and MARK4 readily phosphorylates tau and the related microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and MAP4. In contrast to the three paralogs that all exhibit uniform cytoplasmic localization, MARK4 colocalizes with the centrosome and with microtubules in cultured cells. Overexpression of MARK4 causes thinning out of the microtubule network, concomitant with a reorganization of microtubules into bundles. In line with these findings, we show that a tandem affinity-purified MARK4 protein complex contains alpha-, beta-, and gamma-tubulin. In differentiated neuroblastoma cells, MARK4 is localized prominently at the tips of neurite-like processes. We suggest that although the four MARK/PAR-1 kinases might play multiple cellular roles in concert with different targets, MARK4 is likely to be directly involved in microtubule organization in neuronal cells and may contribute to the pathological phosphorylation of tau in Alzheimer's disease.
Review of radioactive ion beam accelerators (2002)

During the last decade there has been a growing worldwide interest in the possibility of using radioactive ion beams for a variety of fundamental studies in pure and applied science. The possibility of producing intense beams of radioactive nuclei with extreme neutron to proton ratio (N/Z), compared with natural isotopes, has opened a new era in nuclear science. This interest has been generated by the considerable improvements which have occurred over the past 30 year in the field of heavy-ion accelerators, ion sources, more particularly, in on-line production and isotope mass separation. The three major techniques used to produce intense radioactive ion beams are the in-flight separation method (IFS), neutron fission product using reactor (NF) and on-line isotope separation (ISOL). Coupling very intense production sources of unstable nuclei to efficient accelerator structures will lead to the availability of a wide range of nuclei far from stability. This paper reviews the properties of radioactive ion beam accelerators in operation, under construction and proposed around the world.
Colchicine in acute gout (2003)

We describe three histories of patients with gout who were treated with doses of colchicine as advised by the British National Formulary (BNF)–that is, 1 mg initially followed by 500 μg every 2-3 hours until relief of pain is obtained or vomiting or diarrhoea occurs or until a total dose of 6 mg has been reached; the course should not be repeated within three days.1 All three patients developed nausea or diarrhoea with this regimen. We consider that an alternative low dose schedule should be used to avoid such adverse events.

Case 1 –A 91 year old woman with a history of ischaemic heart disease and non-insulin dependent diabetes developed an ulcer over the right first metatarsophalangeal joint, which was discharging a white toothpaste-like material containing urate crystals. She was given 1 mg colchicine and then 500 μg every three hours, but she developed diarrhoea, and colchicine was stopped. After three days, the toe was still painful, and the course was repeated. She developed severe diarrhoea again and became dehydrated and unwell. We rehydrated her intravenously and gave her meloxicam. After the first …
On Scalability of In-situ OAM (2017)

This document describes several potential scalability issues when
implementing in-situ OAM based on the current in-situ OAM documents
and proposes the corresponding solutions and modifications to the
current in-situ OAM specification. Specifically, we extend in-situ OAM
to support more standard tracing data than is currently defined and
add new features to avoid limitations on MTU, bandwidth, forwarding
path length, and node processing capability. We provide use cases to
motivate our proposal and base the changes on the current in-situ OAM
header format specification.
The Application of Design Schemata in Off-Road Robotics (2013)

This paper presents a novel concept that combines action-oriented and perception-oriented concepts for the development of robot control systems with the aim to close the semantic gap between the two approaches. Furthermore, the paper describes a representation scheme for a generic modeling of environment data from arbitrary sensors. Formal abstraction and fusion methods are introduced, and their application in the control system of a real robot is demonstrated using the example of the autonomous off-road vehicle RAVON.
A Secure Cooperative Approach for Nonline-of-Sight Location Verification in VANET (2011)

In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), network services and applications (e.g., safety messages) require an exchange of vehicle and event location information. The data are exchanged among vehicles within each vehicle's respective radio communication range through direct communication. In reality, direct communication is susceptible to interference and blocked by physical obstacles, which prevent the proper exchange of information about localization information. Obstacles can create a state of nonline of sight (NLOS) between two vehicles, which restricts direct communication even when corresponding vehicles exist within each other's physical communication range, thus preventing them from exchanging proper data and affecting the localization services' integrity and reliability. Dealing with such obstacles is a challenge in VANETs as moving obstacles such as trucks are parts of the network and have the same characteristics of a VANET node (e.g., high-speed mobility and change of driving behavior). In this paper, we present a location verification protocol among cooperative neighboring vehicles to overcome an NLOS condition and secure the integrity of localization services for VANETs. The simulation results showed improvement in neighborhood awareness under NLOS conditions. A solution such as that we propose will help to maintain localization service integrity and reliability.
Mini-array of multiple tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) in the immunodiagnosis of breast cancer (2012)

Sera from patients with cancer contain antibodies which react with a unique group of autologous cellular antigens called tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). This study aimed to determine whether a mini-array of multiple TAAs would enhance antibody detection and be a useful approach in breast cancer detection and diagnosis. The mini-array of multiple TAAs was composed of ten TAAs, including Imp1, p62, Koc, p53, c-myc, survivin, p16, cyclin B1, cyclin D1 and CDK2 full-length recombinant proteins. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect antibodies against these ten TAAs in 41 sera from patients with breast cancer, as well as 82 sera from normal individuals. The antibody frequency of the individual TAAs in breast cancer was variable and ranged between 7.3 and 22.0%. With the successive addition of TAAs to a final total of ten antigens, there was a stepwise increase in positive antibody reactions, reaching a sensitivity of 61.0% and a specificity of 86.6% in breast cancer. The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 5.545 and 0.438, respectively, which showed that the clinical diagnostic value of a parallel assay of eight TAAs was high. The positive and negative predictive values were 73.5 and 82.0%, respectively, indicating that the parallel assay of eight TAAs raised the diagnostic precision significantly. The agreement rate and κ-value were 79.7% and 0.52, respectively, while the Youden's Index (YI) was 0.5, indicating that the observed value of this assay had a middle range coincidence with the actual value. The data from the present study further support our previous hypothesis that the detection of autoantibodies for the diagnosis of certain types of cancer may be enhanced using a mini-array of several TAAs as target antigens. A customized antigen mini-array using a panel of appropriately selected TAAs is able to enhance autoantibody detection in the immunodiagnosis of breast cancer.
Electron Lifetime in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Theory and Interpretation of Measurements (2009)

The electron lifetime τn in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC) is a central quantity to determine the recombination dynamics in the solar cell. It can be measured by several methods: impedance spectroscopy, IMVS, stepped time transients, and open-circuit voltage decays. The paper aims at a better understanding of this fundamental parameter. We summarize the main models that describe the lifetime dependence on bias voltage or carrier density, and find that there are two complementary approaches to clarify the structure of the lifetime. The first is to treat the lifetime as a product of the chemical capacitance and recombination resistance. This approach is important because the resistance largely determines steady state operation characteristics of the solar cell close to open-circuit voltage. The second approach is based on a kinetic model that describes in detail the different processes governing the decay of the carrier population in a measurement of τn. The lifetime is composed of a trapping factor and a free electron lifetime. Since the diffusion coefficient contains the reciprocal of the trapping factor, it is found that a product (diffusion coefficient) × (lifetime) reveals the shape of the free electron lifetime, which contains the essential information on kinetics of electron transfer at the surface as a function of the position of the Fermi level. A model based on an exponential distribution of surface states provides a good description of the voltage and temperature dependence of free electron lifetime and diffusion lengths in high performance DSCs.
Degradation of caffeine by microorganisms and potential use of decaffeinated coffee husk and pulp in animal feeding (2002)

Coffee husk and coffee pulp are coffee processing by-products. Coffee husk is obtained when harvested coffee is processed by the dry method, and coffee pulp is produced by the wet method. In Brazil, coffee is usually processed by the dry method, therefore an expressive amount of husk is obtained every year. Some of the husk is used as organic fertilizer but, other applications are very limited, mainly because it is a bulky product. The presence of tannins and caffeine diminish acceptability and palatability of husk by animals. This review discuss degradation of caffeine by microorganisms, with special attention to bacterial, biological decaffeination of coffee husk and pulp and its subsequent use on animal feeding. The known biochemical routes of caffeine degradation by microorganisms are initially discussed; problems concerning physiological effects in animals, focusing on the limitations imposed by caffeine as an antiphysiological component are raised; the use of microorganisms to decaffeinate coffee husk and pulp is discussed. The discussions offer a view on decreasing caffeine content of coffee husk and pulp, which would allow the use of larger amounts of these products in animal feeding, partially replacing traditional components such as cereal grains.
Wnt Signaling in Cancer Stem Cell Biology (2016)

Aberrant regulation of Wnt signaling is a common theme seen across many tumor types. Decades of research have unraveled the epigenetic and genetic alterations that result in elevated Wnt pathway activity. More recently, it has become apparent that Wnt signaling levels identify stem-like tumor cells that are responsible for fueling tumor growth. As therapeutic targeting of these tumor stem cells is an intense area of investigation, a concise understanding on how Wnt activity relates to cancer stem cell traits is needed. This review attempts at summarizing the intricacies between Wnt signaling and cancer stem cell biology with a special emphasis on colorectal cancer.
Suicide in schizophrenia: the Iowa Record Linkage Study. (1985)

Of 688 schizophrenics admitted to a psychiatric hospital over a 10-year period, 14 committed suicide. The numbers of suicides for both males and females significantly exceeded expected rates. Most of these deaths (71%) occurred within 2 years of discharge. Although more men than women committed suicide, women were found to be at relatively greater risk for suicide. Male suicides were significantly older than female suicides. Relevant literature is reviewed and implications for treatment and further research are discussed.
Food Poisoning (1937)

MEDICAL JOURNAL, karyocytes, and nucleated red cells were numerous in the red marrow. Spectroscopic examination of the blood for sUlphaemoglobinaemia was negative. Death was considered to be due to agranulocytic angina with septicaemia.
Regulation of Cell Volume in Health and Disease (1995)

Maintenance of a constant volume in the face of extracellular and intracellular osmotic perturbations is a critical problem faced by all cells. Most cells respond to swelling or shrinkage by activating specific metabolic or membrane-transport processes that return cell volume to its normal resting state. These processes are essential for the normal function and survival of cells. This article will outline the cellular and molecular events underlying cell-volume homeostasis and discuss their relevance to medical practice. Fundamentals of Cell-Volume Regulation Meeting Osmotic Challenges Water is in thermodynamic equilibrium across the plasma membrane. In other words, the osmotic concentrations of cytoplasmic . . .
Inheritance of Trifluralin Resistance in Green Foxtail (<i>Setaria viridis</i>) (1994)

In F 2 progeny, derived from F 1 hybrids, shoot growth of seedlings, measured 4 d after germination, distinguished susceptible (S) and resistant (R) phenotypes. Chisquare values indicated that the F 2 data fit a 3:1 (S:R) ratio for both populations and all trifluralin concentrations in which S and R phenotypes could be differentiated. Results indicate that trifluralin resistance in these green foxtail populations is controlled by a single, nuclear recessive gene. This study is the first to demonstrate recessive gene control of herbicide resistance in a weed species. The highly selfed nature and prolific seed production of green foxtail may have facilitated evolution of the recessive trait.
Formalizing Web Service Choreographies (2004)

Current Web service choreography proposals, such as BPEL4WS, BPSS, WSFL, WSCDL or WSCI, provide notations for describing the message flows in Web service collaborations. However, such proposals remain at the descriptive level, without providing any kind of reasoning mechanisms or tool support for checking the compatibility of Web services based on the proposed notations. In this paper we present the formalization of one of these Web service choreography proposals (WSCI), and discuss the benefits that can be obtained by such formalization. In particular, we show how to check whether two or more Web services are compatible to interoperate or not, and, if not, whether the specification of adaptors that mediate between them can be automatically generated —hence enabling the communication of (a priori) incompatible Web services.
The IMCON Pulse Compression Filter and Its Applications (1973)

The IMCON is a reflection-mode dispersive delay line capable of high performance in large time-bandwidth product pulse compression systems. As developed in this paper, the unique characteristics of the IMCON are obtained by reflection from a double grating array that is applied to the surface of a strip. Current models of the device have center frequencies in the 4-30-MHz range with bandwidth up to 15 MHz, dispersion to 320 /spl mu/s time sidelobes on the order of --40 dB (with equalization), and other spurious signals at least 70 dB below the compressed output. The characteristics of IMCON operation are developed from a consideration of the device's transfer function. In particular, the IMCON'S high linearity and low sensitivity to fabrication and propagation problems are shown to be due to a unique error rejection effect. By comparison, the error rejection characteristics of single grating and dispersive transducer devices are found to be inferior to the IMCON. Data derived from operating pulse compression systems are utilized to demonstrate the low time sidelobe and high time-bandwidth capability of the IMCON.
Predicting Response to Endocrine Therapy in Human Breast Cancer: A Hypothesis (1975)

We hypothesize that the presence of progesterone receptors in human breast tumors may be a sensitive marker for predicting response to endocrine therapy. Progesterone receptors were found in 56 percent of tumors with estrogen receptors, but were absent in tumors without estrogen receptors. Preliminary clinical correlations show that only those breast tumors with progesterone receptors regressed after endocrine therapy.
System Integration of a Safe, High Power, Lithium Ion Main Battery into a Civil Aviation Aircraft (2010)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The Cessna Citation CJ4, certified on March 12, 2010, is believed to be the first civil aircraft with a Lithium Ion main battery. The 26.4VDC, 44Ah Lithium Ion main battery weighs 54 lbs, a 35% weight saving over a Nickel-Cadmium battery. Using phosphate-based Lithium Ion cells, which have no positive feedback thermal runaway failure mode, system integration of the battery and aircraft architecture design is simpler. Electronics and software are needed to optimize life only, not to ensure safety. Emergency discharge with failed electronics is enabled with the selection of a less volatile chemistry, the use of an analog Module Management System for cell balancing and protection, and the use of a microcontroller-based digital Central Monitoring System that reports health. System safety failure hazard assessment is considered Major, and the battery software is certified to the requirements of RTCA DO-178B, Design Assurance Level C. New Battery Fault and Battery Fail annunciations supersede the conventional Battery Overtemperature messages to accommodate other non-temperature related failure modes. Heaters enable performance at cold temperatures while its aircraft-in-the-loop circuit ensures safety. The Lithium Ion battery and the Cessna Citation CJ4 electrical bus and avionics suite designs were integrated to optimize performance, safety, protection, and maintenance frequency.</div></div>
Effect of carbohydrate or carbohydrate plus medium-chain triglyceride ingestion on cycling time trial performance (2000)

This study examined the effectiveness of ingesting a carbohydrate or carbohydrate + medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) on metabolism and cycling performance. Eight endurance-trained men [peak O(2) uptake = 4.71 +/- 0.09 (SE) l/min] completed 35 kJ/kg as quickly as possible [time trial (TT)] while consuming 250 ml/15 min of either a 6% (wt/vol) carbohydrate solution (C), a 6% carbohydrate + 4.2% MCT solution (C+M), or a sweet placebo (P). Time to complete the set amount of work was reduced in both C and C+M compared with P by 7 and 5%, respectively (C: 166 +/- 7 min; C+M: 169 +/- 7 min; P: 178 +/- 11 min; P < 0.01). Plasma glucose concentration was maintained at or above resting values throughout both C and C+M trials but decreased (P < 0.05) below resting values in P at the completion of the TT. The estimated rate of carbohydrate oxidation was not different during the first 90 min of exercise but thereafter was reduced (P < 0.05) in P and was maintained in both C and C+M. These data demonstrate that carbohydrate ingestion during exercise improves 100-km TT performance compared with a sweet placebo, but the addition of MCT does not provide any further performance enhancement.
An experimental study on the measurement of data sensitivity (2011)

Data-centric security proposes to leverage the business value of data to determine the level of overall IT security. It has gained much enthusiasm from the security community, but has not materialized into a practical security system. In this paper, we introduce our recent work towards fine-grained data centric security, which estimates the sensitivity of enterprise data semi-automatically. Specifically, the categories of sensitive data and their relative sensitivities are initially determined by subject matter experts (SMEs). We then apply a suite of text analytics and classification tools to automatically discover sensitive information in enterprise data, such as personally identifiable information (PII) and confidential documents, and estimates the sensitivity of individual data.
Algorithms for Dynamic Speed Scaling (2011)

Many modern microprocessors allow the speed/frequency to be set dynamically. The general goal is to execute a sequence of jobs on a variable-speed processor so as to minimize energy consumption. This paper surveys algorithmic results on dynamic speed scaling. We address settings where (1) jobs have strict deadlines and (2) job flow times are to be minimized.