gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pathologie lernen aus dem Internet - Traum oder Wirklichkeit? (2007)

Das Internet als weltumspannendes Informationsnetzwerk expandiert rasch und bereichert als „Neues Medium“ die medizinische Lehre: mittels elektronischem (E)-Learning (EL) lassen sich Text, Bild, Ton, Video und Animationen multimedial miteinander verknupfen, zum Vorteil vor allem fur visuell ausgerichtete Disziplinen der Medizin wie die Pathologie. EL-Medien konnen jederzeit aktualisiert und uber Links mit weiterfuhrenden Informationsquellen verknupft werden. EL-Materialien sind allzeit, von uberall her und beliebig oft vom Lernenden abrufbar. Das Designen von ELMedien ist aufwandig und teuer, fur die Lernenden ist ein „Mehrwert“ des EL gegenuber traditionellen Lehrmedien bislang nicht erwiesen. EL-Angebote sind wenig bekannt, mussen durch Evaluation weiterentwickelt und in Lehrplane eingebunden werden. Spezielle Datenbanken katalogisieren die EL-Medien in der Medizin, darunter die 16 EL-Verbundprojekte deutscher Hochschulen. Arzte konnen EL-Angebote im Internet nutzen, um Fortbildungspunkte zu erwerben. Ziel wird es sein, EL-basierte Lehrangebote im Fach Medizin so weiterzuentwickeln, dass sie die traditionellen Lehrformen sinnvoll erganzen konnen, im Sinne eines Blended Learning.
In Situ Bioremediation through Mulching of Soil Polluted by a Copper–Nickel Smelter (2001)

Bioremediation of a heavy metal-polluted soil was investigated in a 3-yr field experiment by adding mulch to a polluted forest floor. The mulch consisted of a mixture of compost and woodchips. The remediation treatment decreased the toxicity of the soil solution to bacteria as determined by the [3H]-thymidine incorporation technique, that is, by measuring the growth rate of soil bacteria extracted from unpolluted humus after exposing them to soil solution containing heavy metals from the experimental plots. Canonical correlation analysis was performed in order to identify the chemical and microbiological changes in the soil. The pH of the mulched organic layer increased by one unit. The concentration of complexed Cu increased and that of free Cu2+ decreased in the soil solution from the mulch treatment. According to basal respiration and litter decomposition, microbial activity increased during the 3 yr following the remediation treatment. The [3H]-thymidine incorporation technique was also used to study the growth rate and tolerance of bacteria to Cu. The bacterial growth rate increased and the Cu tolerance decreased on the treated plots. The structure of the microbial community, as determined by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis, remained unchanged. The results indicate that remediation of the polluted soil had occurred, and that adding a mulch to the forest floor is a suitable method for remediating heavy metal-polluted soil.
Role of SIRT1 in regulation of LPS- or two ethanol metabolites-induced TNF-α production in cultured macrophage cell lines (2009)

Dysregulation of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is an NAD(+)-dependent class III protein deacetylase that is known to be involved in regulating production of proinflammatory cytokines including TNF-alpha. In the present study, we examined the role of SIRT1 signaling in TNF-alpha generation stimulated by either lipopolysaccharide (LPS), acetaldehyde (AcH), or acetate (two major metabolites of ethanol) in two cultured macrophage cell lines. In both rat Kupffer cell line 1 (RKC1) and murine RAW 264.7 macrophages, treatment with either LPS, AcH, or acetate caused significant decreases in SIRT1 transcription, translation, and activation, which essentially demonstrated an inverse relationship with TNF-alpha levels. LPS, AcH, and acetate each provoked the release of TNF-alpha from RKC1 cells, whereas coincubation with resveratrol (a potent SIRT1 agonist) inhibited this effect. Conversely, addition of sirtinol (a known SIRT1 inhibitor) or knocking down SIRT1 by the small silencing SIRT1 plasmid (SIRT1shRNA) augmented TNF-alpha release, suggesting that impairment of SIRT1 may contribute to TNF-alpha secretion. Further mechanistic studies revealed that inhibition of SIRT1 by LPS, AcH, or acetate was associated with a marked increase in the acetylation of the RelA/p65 subunit of nuclear transcription factor (NF-kappaB) and promotion of NF-kappaB transcriptional activity. Taken together, our findings suggest that SIRT1-NF-kappaB signaling is involved in regulating LPS- and metabolites-of-ethanol-mediated TNF-alpha production in rat Kupffer cells and in murine macrophages. Our study provides new insights into understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of alcoholic steatohepatitis.
Evaluation of a Cordia-IC enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for the detection of circulating immune complexes (1985)

A commercial kit (Cordia-IC) from Cordis Laboratory, Miami, Fla., was compared with the Raji cell radioimmunoassay for its ability to detect circulating immune complexes (CIC) in sera from 30 control subjects and 118 patients with infectious diseases. The 118 patients were categorized into the following groups: (i) 23 patients with bacterial endocarditis, (ii) 41 patients with bacteremia from an infected intravascular catheter or access device, and (iii) 54 patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia related to a deep tissue infection. The Cordia-IC was comparable to the Raji cell radioimmunoassay in intraassay variability (4.0 versus 8.0%) and interassay reproducibility (8.7 versus 20.0%). Neither assay found CIC amounts above 12.5 micrograms equivalents (eq) of aggregated human gamma globulin (AHG) per ml in any of the 30 control individuals. In group 1, Cordia-IC detected 19 of 23 positives (mean, 73.6 micrograms eq of AHG per ml), whereas the Raji cell detected 16 of 23 positives (mean, 54.8 micrograms eq of AHG per ml). In group 2, Cordia-IC detected 19 of 41 positives (mean, 20.6 micrograms eq of AHG per ml), whereas the Raji cell detected 16 of 41 positives (mean, 15.1 micrograms eq of AHG per ml). In group 3, Cordia-IC found 38 of 54 positives (mean, 28.0 micrograms eq of AHG per ml), whereas the Raji cell found 32 of 54 positives (mean, 23.9 micrograms eq of AHG per ml). Statistically, these findings were not significantly different in any of the three patient groups (P> 0.15), and there was an overall good correlation between the results obtained by the two assays (r+0.64, P<0.001). The Cordia-IC provided a suitable assay for the detection of CIC and might find application in routine clinical laboratories.
Stability of Model-Based Networked Control Systems With Time-Varying Transmission Times (2004)

In model-based networked control systems (MB-NCSs), an explicit model of the plant is used to produce an estimate of the plant state behavior between transmission times. In this paper, the stability of MB-NCSs is studied when the controller/actuator is updated with the sensor information at nonconstant time intervals. Networked control systems with transmission times that are varying either within a time interval or are driven by a stochastic process with identically independently distributed and Markov-chain driven transmission times are studied. Sufficient conditions for Lyapunov stability are derived. For stochastically modeled transmission times almost sure stability and mean-square sufficient conditions for stability are introduced.
Depth Discrimination from Shading under Diffuse Lighting (2000)

The human visual system has a remarkable ability to interpret smooth patterns of light on a surface in terms of 3-D surface geometry. Classical studies of shape-from-shading perception have assumed that surface irradiance varies with the angle between the local surface normal and a collimated light source. This model holds, for example, on a sunny day. One common situation in which this model fails to hold, however, is under diffuse lighting such as on a cloudy day. Here we report on the first psychophysical experiments that address shape-from-shading under a uniform diffuse-lighting condition. Our hypothesis was that shape perception can be explained with a perceptual model that "dark means deep". We tested this hypothesis by comparing performance in a depth-discrimination task to performance in a brightness-discrimination task, using identical stimuli. We found a significant correlation between responses in the two tasks, supporting a dark-means-deep model. However, overall performance in the depth-discrimination task was superior to that predicted by a dark-means-deep model. This implies that humans use a more accurate model than dark-means-deep to perceive shape-from-shading under diffuse lighting.
Damage free laser ablation of SiO2 for local contact opening on silicon solar cells using an a-Si:H buffer layer (2010)

We have used a Q-switched Nd:YVO4, diode pumped 532 nm laser with nanosecond pulses, and a spot diameter of 40 μm to ablate a layer of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposited (PECVD) SiO2 on n-type Cz silicon, with the aim of making local contact openings on back-junction silicon solar cells. Laser pulses within the ns range are usually believed to be incompatible with processing of high efficiency solar cells because such long pulses induce too much damage into the underlying silicon lattice. This is due to thermal dissipation. In this work, a PECVD layer of a-Si:H between the n-type silicon and the dielectric layer is shown to absorb much of the laser radiation and allows for ablation at laser fluences lower than the ablation threshold of crystalline silicon. In addition, the a-Si:H layer serves as an excellent surface passivation layer for the silicon substrate. We show that it is possible to ablate PECVD SiO2 in a damage free way with fluences five times lower than those needed to ablate crystalline Si. Our results are verified experimentally with high resolution transmission electron microscopy of the crystal structure in the laser irradiated areas, and quasi-steady-state photoconductance measurements of emitter saturation currents. In addition, we have simulated the energy transfer from a ns 532 nm Gaussian shaped laser beam to a SiO2 covered Si lattice with and without the a-Si:H buffer layer. A model that coincides very well with the experiments is found.
PHEVs as dynamically configurable dispersed energy storage for V2B uses in the smart grid (2010)

Vehicle-to-building (V2B) provides an option to use the battery energy in electric vehicles to support loads in the power grid. Many researchers have shown that vehicle-togrid (V2G) has many potential benefits. But for various practical reasons wide application of this concept is envisioned on a 5-10 year time horizon. We have focused on V2B as a concept that is practically viable today and may be implemented on a 3-5 year time horizon. This paper aims at demonstrating the potential benefits of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) as dynamically configurable dispersed energy storage acting at the convergence of transportation and power system. A new parking facility as an energy exchange station called garage is discussed in this paper. Based on the availability analysis of smart garages, the benefits of using BEVs/PHEVs as energy storage for demand side management (DSM) and outage management (OM) are discussed in detail. A strategy to adopting BEVs/PHEV uses in the V2B mode under the peak load and outage condition is studied and demonstrated with test cases. (6 pages)
Direct synthesis of 1,1-diarylalkenes from alkenyl phosphates via nickel(0)-catalysed Suzuki–Miyaura coupling (2006)

A combination of Ni(COD)(2) and PCy(3) promotes effectively the Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling of 1-arylalkenyl phosphates with aryl boronic acids with yields attaining 99%.
Abbildung komplexer, pulsierender, neuronaler Netzwerke auf spezielle Neuronale VLSI Hardware (2007)

Im Rahmen des FACETS-Projektes ist die optimierte Abbildung neuronaler Netzwerke durch spezielle Algorithmen auf dafür konzipierte Hardware notwendig, um die Simulation plastischer und pulsierender Modelle zu ermöglichen. Die Erstellung der biologischen und Hardware- Modelle sowie die Konzeptionierung und Analyse der Algorithmen werden in dieser Arbeit vorgestellt.
[Review of] Darrell Y. Yamamoto. Monitored Peril (1995)

Television has been one of the most influential media in constructing the racialized social image of Asian Americans. Through meticulous examinations of roles and stories given to Asian Americans in television and combined with careful analysis of political and social events, the author successfully reconstructs a comprehensive history of Asian Americans in the entertainment world over the period of the past five decades. In fact, this book merits more than a mere media study of Asian Americans for its delivery of a critical view of historical relationships of the United States with Asia which are responsible for creating continuously popular and distorted images of Asians.
Fabrication of nanoscale gaps in integrated circuits (2002)

Nanosize objects such as metal clusters present an ideal system for the study of quantum phenomena and for the construction of practical quantum devices. Integrating these small objects in a macroscopic circuit is, however, a difficult task. So far, nanoparticles have been contacted and addressed by highly sophisticated techniques not suitable for large-scale integration in macroscopic circuits. We present an optical lithography method that allows for the fabrication of a network of electrodes separated by gaps of controlled nanometer size. The main idea is to control the gap size with subnanometer precision using a structure grown by molecular-beam epitaxy.
A rapid method for immunofluorescent staining of paraffin sections using iron-containing protein A microspheres. (1981)

A method to rapidly perform immunofluorescence or light microscopic staining on formalin-fixed paraffin sections has been devised utilizing magnetic albumin microspheres containing Staphylococcal protein A. Because the protein A constituent of the microspheres has the property of binding the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (IgG) class antibodies, the microspheres can be used to rapidly bind antigen-antibody complexes by the Fc portion of the antibody. Deparaffinized sections were stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated antibody (IgG fractions) by standard techniques, after which the protein A microspheres were layered over the sections. Distinct fluorescence of sections was noted with the addition of the microspheres, whereas only autofluorescence was present with direct staining alone. The microspheres were also visualized by light microscopy by a subsequent Prussian blue reaction, staining the Fe3O4 within the microsphere matrix. This method represents a more rapid method for identifying antigens in tissues embedded in paraffin than has previously been reported.
N2Sky &#x2014; Neural networks as services in the clouds (2013)

We present the N2Sky system, which provides a framework for the exchange of neural network specific knowledge, as neural network paradigms and objects, by a virtual organization environment. It follows the sky computing paradigm delivering ample resources by the usage of federated Clouds. N2Sky is a novel Cloud-based neural network simulation environment, which follows a pure service oriented approach. The system implements a transparent environment aiming to enable both novice and experienced users to do neural network research easily and comfortably. N2Sky is built using the RAVO reference architecture of virtual organizations which allows itself naturally integrating into the Cloud service stack (SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS) of service oriented architectures.
Nutritional support (1997)

Nutritional support currently accounts for about 1% of the total health care costs in the USA. Interestingly, most of the prospective randomized controlled trials to date have not been able to demonstrate that this therapeutic intervention alters morbidity or mortality. In fact, parenteral nutritional support may predispose the recipients to developing systemic infections. There have been a few areas in which nutritional support may be of benefit. Enteral supplements given to underweight women who suffer hip fractures reduce the hospital stay and, presumably, overall cost. Preoperative parenteral nutritional support may produce a small absolute reduction in post-operative morbidity, but its cost becomes prohibitive. Preoperative enteral nutritional support, especially if carried out in the home, may be of benefit (using the most optimistic interpretation of a small number of trials); if so, it is an economically defensible intervention. Particular nutrients or diets may have specific effects on certain disease processes. Indirect comparisons have suggested that elemental diets can be used to treat flares of Crohn's disease (perhaps because putative food antigens are removed). However, corticosteroid therapy is more efficacious. Furthermore, it is less expensive to employ 6-mercaptopurine as the next modality in steroid failures. Branched-chain amino acid infusions may have some effect on hepatic encephalopathy, but again, lactulose is less expensive. Nutritional support is one area of medicine in which there has been far more enthusiasm than the data justify. Disease-associated malnutrition probably is a secondary phenomenon, not an important cause of morbidity. The widespread use of this modality cannot be justified in a cost-constrained health care system.
Fuzzy Control for the Obstacle Avoidance of Remote Control Mobile Robot (2011)

The remote control mobile robot is the robot accomplishing a task according to the orders giving by a user through departed communication system using a joystick. Basically, to supply a lot of information, as this type of robot uses visual information, the user can check the transmitted information by eyes and give orders to the robot. But the weak point of this type of robot is that it has a possibility to come into a collision with an obstacle not be seen to the user because of the communication delay occurring in a communication system and dead zone happening in visual information. To solve the problem, in this paper, we try to suggest a system applying a fuzzy control system to the robot to avoid collision with an obstacle by an immediate order of the user. The fuzzy control system has better performance than any other existing control methods in the change of noise and parameter. And it is more efficient than any other since it solves easy the complexity of the system analysis occurring because of the nonlinear feature of the mobile robot system. In this paper, we made experiments how the mobile robot controlled by the fuzzy control system avoids an obstacle, tracks the path and avoids the obstacle in the path, to prove the performance and to check the evaluation and the application possibility of the fuzzy control system.
Investigation of multiple output operation for switched‐capacitor resonant converters (2002)

Abstract A family of switched‐capacitor circuits using two transistors is presented. This family only requires very small inductor for resonance and therefore is suitable for hybridization. It has variable topologies which provide different voltage conversion ratios. Each of the topologies can be merged to produce multiple outputs. This paper investigates the feasibility of this circuit merger technique. Experimental and theoretical analyses are presented. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atmospheric braking to circularize an elliptical Venus orbit (1977)

The use of atmospheric drag to circularize an elliptical spacecraft orbit at Venus is analyzed parametrically for the Venus Orbital Imaging Radar Mission (VOIR) in 1983. Navigation, maneuver, and guidance requirements are discussed for the decay of a 24-hr orbit to a close circular orbit in about 30-60 days. A prototype 'Aerobrake' is described which is approximately 5 m in diameter and 25 kg in mass and which replaces a chemical retroengine of about 1300 kg in mass (delta V = 2.5 km/s) by a 700 kg in-orbit mass. The aerobrake, a light deployable Inconel sheet, shields the spacecraft from the flow and radiates the aerodynamic heating.
Modification of Spectra of Pulses from Ultrasonic Transducers by Scatterers in Non-Attenuating and in Attenuating Media (1987)

When an ultrasonic pulse is scattered off a particle, the spectrum of the scattered pulse differs from that which was transmitted. A mathematical analysis is presented to show that the center frequency of the backscattered pulse is greater than that of the transmitted pulse and that the bandwidth decreases slightly when the spectrum of the pulse is Gaussian in shape. The results of measurements designed to test the theory are presented. The magnitude of the shift in center frequency for pulses backscattered off subwavelength-diameter wires is found to be similar to that predicted by the analysis. It is shown that characteristics of the spectra of the backscattered pulses can differ from those predicted if the shape of the spectrum is not truly Gaussian (as is assumed in most published analyses, including that introduced here). In medical ultrasonic imaging, the pulses are modified by scattering and absorption. The analysis is extended to account for the effects of both interactions. This allows the bandwidth and center frequency of pulses backscattered from tissues and received by medical ultrasonic scanners to be predicted.
Nonlinear Analysis of Full-Matrix and Perimeter Plastic Ball Grid Array Solder Joints (1997)

The application of Ball Grid Array (BGA) technology in electronic packaging on high I/O plastic and ceramic packages has grown significantly during the past few years. Although PBGA (plastic BGA) has several advantages over fine-pitch Quad Flat Pack (QFP) in terms of smaller package area, higher I/Os, lower switching noise, large pitch, higher assembly yield, and improved robustness in manufacturing process, potential package reliability problems can still occur, e.g., excessive solder joint deformation induced by substrate warpage, moisture ingression (popcorn effect), large variation in solder ball size, voiding as a result of flux entrapment and improper pad/solder mask design (Marrs and Olachea, 1994; Solberg, 1994; Freyman and Petrucci, 1995; Lau, 1995; Donlin, 1996; Lasky et al., 1996; Munroe et al., 1996). Regardless of its improved thermal fatigue performance over the past few years through an extensive amount of research, the BGA solder joint may still pose a reliability issue under harsh environment, e.g., automotive underhood, larger package size, or higher temperature and temperature gradient due to increase in power dissipation of the package. Numerous studies in BGA solder joint deformation and reliability under thermal and mechanical loadings can be found in the literature, e.g., Borgesen et al. (1993), Choi et al. (1993), Guo et al. (1993), Ju et al. (1994), Lau et al. (1994) Lau (1995), and Heinrich et al. (1995). Also, reliability prediction models have been developed by, e.g., Darveaux et al. (1995) and Darveaux (1996). The present study focuses on the application of a detailed nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) to studying the thermal cyclic response of solder joints in two particular BGA packages, full-matrix and perimeter. Both time-independent plasticity and time-dependent effect, i.e., creep and relaxation, are considered in the constitutive equations of solder joint to evaluate the discrepancy in the results of life prediction. The critical solder joint is identified, and the locations that are most susceptible to fatigue failure in the critical joint are discussed. Some limitations in computation and reliability prediction are also discussed.