gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Finding structure in diversity: a hierarchical clustering method for the categorization of allographs in handwriting (2002)

The paper introduces a variant of agglomerative hierarchical clustering techniques. The new technique is used for categorizing character shapes (allographs) in large data sets of handwriting into a hierarchical structure. Such a technique may be used as the basis for a systematic naming scheme of character shapes. Problems with existing methods are described and the proposed method is explained. After application of the method to a very large set of characters, separately for all the letters of the alphabet, relevant clusters are identified and given a unique name. Each cluster represents an allograph prototype.
Allergen Induces the Migration of Platelets to Lung Tissue in Allergic Asthma (2007)

Platelets migrate extravascularly in response to a sensitizing allergen via a mechanism dependent on the interaction among allergen, allergen-specific IgE, and the FcepsilonRI, and this may allow them to participate directly in allergic tissue inflammation.
Platinum-Based Catalysts for the Hydroamination of Olefins with Sulfonamides and Weakly Basic Anilines (2005)

Electrophilic Pt(II) complexes catalyze efficient hydroaminations of olefins by sulfonamides and weakly basic anilines. Catalysts include the structurally characterized complex (COD)Pt(OTf)2 (1) and the known dimer [PtCl2(C2H4)]2, activated by AgBF4. Experiments with substituted anilines establish an empirical pKa cutoff (conjugate acid pKa < 1) for the participation of nitrogen-containing substrates in this catalysis. Arylsulfonamides (conjugate acid pKa approximately -6) with various para substituents hydroaminate olefins such as cyclohexene in yields greater than 95% at 90 degrees C. Hydroamination of propylene by p-toluenesulfonamide proceeds with Markovnikov selectivity, suggesting a mechanism that involves olefin activation at Pt. With norbornene and p-toluenesulfonamide as the substrates and 1 as the catalyst, intermediate [(COD)Pt(norbornene)2][OTf]2 (3) was identified and characterized by 19F and 195Pt NMR spectroscopies and mass spectrometry. Kinetic studies provide the empirical rate law, rate = k(obs)[Pt][sulfonamide], and are consistent with a mechanism in which attack of a sulfonamide on the Pt-coordinated olefin is the rate-determining step.
A Fast Digital Reactivity Calculation and Logging System (1972)

A portable digital system for rapid on-line calculation of reactivity during nuclear plant physics testing has been designed and implemented. This system allows auxiliary data logging, formatting, and transmission to remote computer systems for further analysis. Provisions are made for operator displays as well as off-line computation within the system.
Zr/Zr and Zr/Fe Dinuclear Complexes with Flexible Bridging Ligands. Preparation by Olefin Metathesis Reaction of the Mononuclear Precursors and Properties as Polymerization Catalysts (2005)

Mononuclear Zr complexes CpZrCl2{η5-C5H4(CH2)nCHCH2} (n = 1, 2, 3) undergo intermolecular metathesis of the vinyl group catalyzed by a Ru complex to produce dinuclear complexes with bridging ligands, (CpZrCl2)2{μ-η5,η5-C5H4(CH2)nCHCH(CH2)nC5H4}. Hydrogenation of the products catalyzed by Pd/C affords complexes with a flexible polymethylene chain that bridges two Cp2ZrCl2 groups. A dinuclear complex with a bridging bisfluorenyl ligand, (CpZrCl2)2(μ-η5,η5-C13H8CH2CHCHCH2C13H8), is also obtained from the metathesis of a mononuclear Zr complex with the allylfluorenyl ligand. X-ray crystallography of (CpZrCl2)2(μ-η5,η5-C13H8CH2CHCHCH2C13H8) revealed the molecular structure with a trans-CC double bond and the two Zr centers situated at different sides of the bridging bisfluorenyl ligand. Cross metathesis reaction of CpZrCl2{η5-C5H4(CH2)2CHCH2} and ferrocenylmethyl acrylate produces the Zr/Fe dinuclear complex CpZrCl2{μ-η5,η5-C5H4(CH2)2CHCHCOOCH2C5H4}FeCp. The dinuclear complexes catalyze polymerization of ethylene and propylene in the presence of MAO (methylaluminoxane). The activity of the Zr/Zr dinuclear complexes for ethylene polymerization is higher than that of the mononuclear precursors. The length and flexibility of the bridging group of the biscyclopentadienyl ligand also influence the catalytic activity.
Call Taking, Dispatch Decision Supporting, Vehicle Tracing: Emergency Response Systems under Location Based Services (2009)

Emergency response is a time critical work that needs rapid response time and system reliability. With the development of the location based services, it has been utilized in emergency response system and improved its every activity. We introduced the position of call incoming improved the process of call taking, the location of incident make the dispatch decision progress, and the location make it convenient to dispatching and tracing the vehicle in this paper. And then a vehicle tracing model based location has been provided to improve dispatching and tracing, which make the system optimized for rapid response.
Radioiodination of Proteins (2003)

Many different substances can be labeled by radioiodination. Such labeled molecules are of major importance in a variety of investigations, e.g., studies of intermediary metabolism, determinations of agonist and antagonist binding to receptors, quantitative measurements of physiologically active molecules in tissues and biological fluids, and so on. In most of those studies, it is necessary to measure very low concentrations of the particular substance and that in turn implies that it is essential to produce a radioactively labeled tracer molecule of high specific radioactivity. Such tracers, particularly in the case of polypeptides and proteins, can often be conveniently produced by radioiodination.
Revisiting Oxytocin through the Medium of Isonitriles (2012)

The reaction of thioamino acids and N-terminal peptides, mediated by hindered isonitriles and hydroxybenzotriazole, gives rise to peptide bonds. In one pathway, oxytocin was synthesized by eight such reiterative amidations. In another stereospecific track, oxytocin was constructed by native chemical ligation, wherein the two building blocks were assembled by thioacid amine amidation. The NMR spectra of oxytocin and dihydrooxytocin suggest a high level of preorganization in the latter, perhaps favoring oxidative folding.
Thermal and molecular properties of polymer powders for Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) (2016)

An appropriate thermal behavior of polymer powders is essential for successful application in Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) process. A narrow and not sufficient “Sintering-Window” is a primary hurdle for a lot of semi-crystalline Polymers in this connection. Thermo-analytical (DSC) measurements are used to understand the behavior of polymers during SLS-process and to reveal the difference between proper and less proper thermal properties. Commercial PA12-SLS powders are investigated in this sense and compared to a non-commercial one. Thus, the contribution summarizes some very basic polymer properties essential for successful SLS application and explains consequently at the same time why just very few polymers are applicable to SLS today.
Treating lysosomal storage diseases with pharmacological chaperones: from concept to clinics (2009)

Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a group of genetic disorders due to defects in any aspect of lysosomal biology. During the past two decades, different approaches have been introduced for the treatment of these conditions. Among them, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) represented a major advance and is used successfully in the treatment of some of these disorders. However, ERT has limitations such as insufficient biodistribution of recombinant enzymes and high costs. An emerging strategy for the treatment of LSDs is pharmacological chaperone therapy (PCT), based on the use of chaperone molecules that assist the folding of mutated enzymes and improve their stability and lysosomal trafficking. After proof-of-concept studies, PCT is now being translated into clinical applications for Fabry, Gaucher and Pompe disease. This approach, however, can only be applied to patients carrying chaperone-responsive mutations. The recent demonstration of a synergistic effect of chaperones and ERT expands the applications of PCT and prompts a re-evaluation of their therapeutic use and potential. This review discusses the strengths and drawbacks of the potential therapies available for LSDs and proposes that future research should be directed towards the development of treatment protocols based on the combination of different therapies to improve the clinical outcome of LSD patients.
Long-Term Assessment of AAV-Mediated Zinc Finger Nuclease Expression in the Mouse Brain (2017)

Gene editing tools like TALENs, ZFNs and Crispr/Cas now offer unprecedented opportunities for targeted genetic manipulations in virtually all species. Most of the recent research in this area has concentrated on manipulation of the genome in isolated cells, which then give rise to transgenic animals or modified stem cell lines. Much less is known about applicability of genetic scissors in terminally differentiated, non-dividing cells like neurons of the adult brain. We addressed this question by expression of a pair of ZFNs targeting the murine cathepsin D gene in CNS neurons by means of an optimized AAV viral vector. We show that ZFN expression resulted in substantial depletion of cathepsin D from neuronal lysosomes, demonstrating a robust gene deletion. Importantly, long-term ZFN expression in CNS neurons did not impair essential neuronal functionality and did not cause inflammation or neurodegeneration, suggesting that potent genetic scissors can be expressed safely in the mouse brain. This finding opens up new venues to create novel research models for neurodegenerative disorders.
<i>In vivo</i> diversification of target genomic sites using processive T7 RNA polymerase-base deaminase fusions blocked by RNA-guided dCas9 (2019)

Abstract Diversification of specific DNA segments typically involve in vitro generation of large sequence libraries and their introduction in cells for selection. Alternative in vivo mutagenesis systems on cells often show deleterious offsite mutations and restricted capabilities. To overcome these limitations, we have developed an in vivo platform to diversify specific DNA segments based on protein fusions between various base deaminases (BD) and the T7 RNA polymerase (T7RNAP) that recognizes a cognate promoter oriented towards the target sequence. The transcriptional elongation of these fusions generates transitions C to T or A to G on both DNA strands and in long DNA segments. To delimit the boundaries of the diversified DNA, the catalytically dead Cas9 (dCas9) is tethered with custom-designed crRNAs as a “roadblock” for BD-T7RNAP elongation. While the efficiency of this platform is demonstrated in E. coli , the system can be adapted to a variety of bacterial and eukaryotic hosts.
Self-Regeneration of Stereocenters:  A Practical Enantiospecific Synthesis of LFA-1 Antagonist BIRT-377 (2000)

[reaction: see text] An efficient enantiospecific synthesis of the LFA-1 antagonist BIRT-377 has been achieved in 43% overall yield in eight steps. The key transformations involve the stereospecific formation of the trans imidazolidinone 7, subsequent alkylation, and the efficient hydrolysis of disubstituted imidazolidinone 9. The process is practical, robust, and cost-effective; it has been successfully implemented in the pilot plant to produce multikilogram quantities of the drug BIRT-377.
A Survey on Virtualization of Wireless Sensor Networks (2012)

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are gaining tremendous importance thanks to their broad range of commercial applications such as in smart home automation, health-care and industrial automation. In these applications multi-vendor and heterogeneous sensor nodes are deployed. Due to strict administrative control over the specific WSN domains, communication barriers, conflicting goals and the economic interests of different WSN sensor node vendors, it is difficult to introduce a large scale federated WSN. By allowing heterogeneous sensor nodes in WSNs to coexist on a shared physical sensor substrate, virtualization in sensor network may provide flexibility, cost effective solutions, promote diversity, ensure security and increase manageability. This paper surveys the novel approach of using the large scale federated WSN resources in a sensor virtualization environment. Our focus in this paper is to introduce a few design goals, the challenges and opportunities of research in the field of sensor network virtualization as well as to illustrate a current status of research in this field. This paper also presents a wide array of state-of-the art projects related to sensor network virtualization.
Person-centered counseling: application in an intensive care setting. (1989)

Nursing care in an intensive care unit focuses, quite appropriately, on the patient's physical condition. However, the patient has emotional concerns, fears, and anxieties while we are busy attending to his or her physical needs. How can we blend high-technology physical care with the emotional care that patients and their families require? Person-centered counseling is one theoretic model that can be used to achieve this balance.
Asymmetric hysteresis loops in Co-based ferromagnetic alloys (1992)

Amorphous ferromagnetic alloys annealed below the Curie point in a small magnetic field develop a reproducible, asymmetric hysteresis loop. If the direction of the field during annealing is regarded as +, the magnetization reversal from + to - occurs in a single irreversible Barkhausen jump, but the reversal from - to + is smooth and reversible with its slope determined by the demagnetizing field of the sample. Various other features of this phenomenon are described. The measurements reported were carried out in ribbons of Co/sub 70.5/Fe/sub 4.5/Si/sub 10/B/sub 15/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of a nude mouse model to study human sebaceous gland physiology and pathophysiology. (1984)

Study of human sebaceous gland physiology and pathophysiology is limited by lack of an adequate animal model. This study was designed to develop an animal model using human face skin grafted onto the nude mouse to study human sebaceous glands. Full-thickness human face skin was grafted onto 60 adult male nude mice. 4 wk after grafting, androgens, which are known to stimulate sebaceous glands, were administered to test the system. Androgens were administered to 21 animals by implanted catheters that were filled with testosterone (T) or dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Empty catheters were implanted in 15 control animals. Graft biopsies and blood for androgen levels were obtained at time 1 (pre-catheter) and time 2 (26 d after catheter implantation). Three assessments were made on each biopsy: sebaceous gland volume, using an image analyzing computer; sebaceous cell size; and sebaceous gland labeling index. 29 mice completed the study through time 2. In the androgen-treated group, T levels (nanogram per milliliter) five times increased to 4.92 +/- 0.35, and DHT levels (nanogram per milliliter) increased 50 times to 16.70. In the androgen-treated group, sebaceous gland volume (micron 3 X 10(-3) increased from 896 +/- 194 to 3,233 +/- 754 (P less than 0.001), sebaceous cell area (micron 2) increased from 167 +/- 12 to 243 +/- 19 (P less than 0.001), and labeling index (percentage) increased from 2.7 +/- 0.7 to 6.4 +/- 0.9 (P less than 0.01). In the control group, sebaceous gland volume fell from 1,070 +/- 393 to 417 +/- 99 (NS), sebaceous cell size remained the same, and the labeling index fell from 5.1 +/- 1.9 to 3.2 +/- 1.1. After androgen administration, Halowax N-34, a known comedogen, or its vehicle, was applied to 15 grafts for 2-6 wk. Twice as many microcomedones were seen in the Halowax-treated grafts, compared with vehicle-treated grafts at the end of this time period. No visible comedones were produced. This study demonstrated that: (a) human sebaceous glands can be successfully transplanted and studied on the nude mouse; (b) after androgen stimulation, sebaceous gland volume, cell size, and labeling index increase; (c) microcomedones can be produced in the human skin grafts by the application of a comedogenic substance. Thus, this model demonstrates significant potential for the future study of human sebaceous gland physiology and pathology.
Development of a High Sensitivity Giant Magneto-Impedance Magnetometer: Comparison With a Commercial Flux-Gate (2012)

Two versions of an operational giant magnetoimpedance (GMI)-based magnetometer, one of which is capable of working in an unshielded geomagnetic field, has been design, built and benchmarked against a commercial fluxgate magnetometer. The sensing element consists of a detection coil, strongly coupled to the GMI wire, in a two-port configuration. Its optimization is based on the surface impedance tensor of the sensing element, in which we include parasitic capacitance and geometric parameters of the coil. Conditions for optimizing the electronic noise level are deduced from the model recently published in (IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 1317-1324, 2011.). The optimized sensor and its conditioning electronics are operated in a field-locked loop, using an external coil or the detection coil for feedback. Experimental noise performance correlates well with that expected from the sensitivity and noise models and are comparable to those of a commercial Flux-Gate magnetometer, offering a low-cost solution for high sensitivity magnetometry. However, the proposed GMI magnetometers still exhibit significant 1/ <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> noise.
Design of an Intelligent Route Planning System Using an Enhanced A*-search Algorithm (2009)

Traffic congestion has become a major problem in many countries. One of the main causes is the failure to manage a journey. Vehicles tend to choose the shortest paths which ended up congesting a certain area. If a journey is well managed, using alternative paths may lead to the same destination in a shorter period of time. Therefore, with the importance of sustainable environment, intelligent route planning system has become a popular research agenda among researchers and industries. In this paper, an enhanced algorithm based on A*-search algorithm is proposed. The enhanced algorithm is used to study the traffic congestion level as well as to suggest the best route to a destination. The algorithm takes the traffic congestion level into consideration, which makes choosing the best route possible in minimal travel time.
Explore the imaging findings of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (2009)

Objective To explore the chest X-ray and CT findings and the diagnostic value of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP).Methods Eleven cases proven by pathology or bronchoalveolar lavage were retrospectively analyzed.Results The chief clinical manifestations was progressive dyspnea,breathlessness and cough.The chest radiography presented symmetrical or asymmetrical diffuse mottling,striped,and small or large patches of ground-glass opacity.But on CT,there were diffuse patchy shadows and ground glass patterns,erazy-pavins sign,map sign,air-brochogram sign,honeycomb sign,and local emphysema.Conclusions Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is a kind of exceptional diffuse lung parenchyma disease.The chest radiography has been lack of characteristic imaging,but CT has characteristics of PAP such as geographical patterns,group-glass patterns crazy-paving sign,honeycomb sign,air-brochogram sign,and is more valuable for accurate diagnosis of PAP.

Key words: 
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis; Radiography; Tomography; X-ray computed
The context of ethics in the health care industry (1996)

Examines ethics in the health care industry from the perspectives of investors, employees, patients, competitors and the environment. Ethical behaviour in the health care industry is essential and desirable; however, determining which behavioural actions are ethical and which are unethical is difficult. Although never will everyone agree on specific ethical standards, everyone should agree that setting ethical standards is vital. Therefore, administrators of health care institutions and health care providers should work together to establish codes of ethics which define boundaries for ethical behaviours in the health care industry.
The human mannose-binding protein gene. Exon structure reveals its evolutionary relationship to a human pulmonary surfactant gene and localization to chromosome 10. (1989)

The human mannose-binding protein (MBP) plays a role in first line host defense against certain pathogens. It is an acute phase protein that exists in serum as a multimer of a 32-kD subunit. The NH2 terminus is rich in cysteines that mediate interchain disulphide bonds and stabilize the second collagen-like region. This is followed by a short intervening region, and the carbohydrate recognition domain is found in the COOH-terminal region. Analysis of the human MBP gene reveals that the coding region is interrupted by three introns, and all four exons appear to encode a distinct domain of the protein. It appears that the human MBP gene has evolved by recombination of an ancestral nonfibrillar collagen gene with a gene that encodes carbohydrate recognition, and is therefore similar to the human surfactant SP-A gene and the rat MBP gene. The gene for MBP is located on the long arm of chromosome 10 at 10q11.2-q21, a region that is included in the assignment for the gene for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A.
Number of Purkinje's Cells After Diphenylhydantoin Intoxication in Pigs (1970)

AMONG PHENYL derivatives with anticonvulsant properties, diphenylhydantoin (phenytoin) was the one which produced the greatest rise in the convulsant threshold for electrical stimuli and, at the same time, had the least hypnotic effect in cats<sup>1</sup>; prolonged peroral administration was well tolerated.<sup>2</sup>On a regimen of 200 to 600 mg daily, 15% of patients developed vertigo, ataxia, tremor, diplopia, and nausea. The symptoms and signs of intoxication disappeared when the dosage was reduced.<sup>3</sup> More than 20 years later, Utterback et al<sup>4</sup>reported severe cerebellar degeneration in a patient with grand mal, who had been receiving large doses of diphenylhydantoin. Similar changes were found in cats. Since then, others have reported cerebellar degeneration,<sup>5-11</sup>and the serum concentration was thought to be related to the pathology.<sup>9,11</sup> Among reliable signs of cerebellar degeneration, loss of Purkinje's cells has been reported but not glial proliferation. Other degenerative changes
Signal Processing for Semiconductor Detectors (1982)

This is a tutorial paper designed to provide a balanced perspective on the processing of signals produced by semiconductor detectors. The general problems of pulse shaping to optimize resolution with constraints imposed by noise, counting rate and rise time fluctuations are discussed.
A hardware multitone digital frequency synthesizer (1979)

The synthesis of two or more tones simultaneously has numerous applications, including telephone signaling, music synthesis, waveform generation, and man-machine communications. We describe a hardware approach in which the basic tones are generated digitally for accuracy and stability, using time-shared circuitry. The tones are combined and their levels are controlled by an analog approach using a pair of D/A converters, avoiding digital multipliers and adders. Performance and description of a hardware prototype are given.
MicoRNA-451 is a novel tumor suppressor via targeting c-myc in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (2015)

Our findings identify miRNA-451 as a potential biomarker and suggest a key role of miRNA-451-c-myc pathway in HNSCC cell transformation, which could represent a novel therapeutic strategy in HNSCC treatment.