gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potential Immunoregulatory Agent in Therapy of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (1996)

Summary The nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse spontaneously develops a diabetic syn­ drome that closely resembles human insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (lOOM). T cell-mediated destruction of pancreatic cells may result from an un­ responsiveness in regulatory T helper 2 (TH2) cells, favouring a T helper I (THi) cell-mediated environment, in the pancreas. In the NOD mouse, this T cell unre­ sponsiveness can be reversed completely in vitro by exogenous interleukin-4 (IL-4), and in vivo administration of recombinant IL-4 (rIL-4) completely pre­ vents insulitis and the onset of diabetes. These effects may in part be a conse­ quence of an IL-4-directed shift from a THI (effector) dominant to a TH2 (protective) dominant immune response. The administration of IL-4 during the course of an inflammatory autoimmune disease could prime developing autoreac­ tive T cells for IL-4 production and may prevent the tissue-damaging effects of autoreactive THI cells. In this regard, IL-4 emerges as an excellent potential immunotherapeutic agent in 100M and other human organ-specific autoimmune diseases . Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), or type I diabetes, is a multifactorial, polygenic, chronic autoimmune disease that targets pancreatic islet cells.[I] The pathogenesis of IDDM is charac­ terised by a long prodromal period during which a progressive T cell-mediated destruction of the in­ sulin-producing ~ cells precedes the acute onset of clinical manifestations.[l-3] Diabetes progress is in­ variably associated with T cell infiltration of the pancreatic islets (insulitis) in both human and ro­ dentIDDM.
Oblique-Incidence Anisotropy in Evaporated Permalloy Films (1960)

Magnetic anisotropy has been observed in evaporated Permalloy films deposited at oblique incidence of the vapor. Electron micrographs of such films reveal chains of crystallites whose long axes are oriented perpendicular to the vapor beam. A ``self-shadowing'' model is proposed to explain chain growth, i.e., the area behind a crystallite is left vacant because it is in the crystallite's shadow. Oriented crystallite chains are thus caused by a purely geometric process; their existence has also been demonstrated for Au, Pt, W, and Mg. Oriented chains give rise to a number of macroscopic effects: magnetic anisotropy, anisotropic resistance, dichroism, and anisotropic resonance linewidth. Experiments involving the stripping of oblique-incidence Permalloy films from their substrates indicate the presence of an anisotropic strain which, in conjunction with magnetostriction, gives another contribution to the magnetic anisotropy; this contribution explains the observed compositional dependence of the magnetic anisotropy. Surface tension, which tends to contract the crystallite chains, is postulated as the generating force of anisotropic strain; surface tension could similarly generate the isotropic strain which is found in normal-incidence films.
Response: Bone marrow involvement and outcome in Burkitt lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (2009)

Response:

Professor Yin and his colleagues at Manchester describe a series of 13 patients with aggressive B-cell lymphomas with bone marrow involvement who had a very poor outcome despite intensive treatment including allogeneic transplantation in 3 cases. In all of the tumors a MYC rearrangement
Universal adiabatic dynamics in the vicinity of a quantum critical point (2005)

We study temporal behavior of a quantum system under a slow external perturbation, which drives the system across a second-order quantum phase transition. It is shown that despite the conventional adiabaticity conditions are always violated near the critical point, the number of created excitations still goes to zero in the limit of infinitesimally slow variation of the tuning parameter. It scales with the adiabaticity parameter as a power related to the critical exponents $z$ and $\ensuremath{\nu}$ characterizing the phase transition. We support general arguments by direct calculations for the Boson Hubbard and the transverse field Ising models.
MONOECIOUS MORPHS IN CROTON CALIFORNICUS (EUPHORBIACEAE) (1995)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Continuous Photoelectric Recording of the Raman Effect in Liquids Excited by the He–Ne Red Laser* (1964)

Continuous photoelectric recording of laser-excited Raman spectra have been obtained for nonlossy liquids. The Raman cell is placed inside the cavity of a He–Ne 6328-A gas laser. The power density of the exciting radiation is of the order of 100 W/cm2 through the sample. A signal-to-noise ratio of more than 3000 is obtained for the 992-cm−1 line of benzene. Further improvements are discussed.
A low background Raman probe for optical biopsy of brain tissue (2014)

Removal of intrinsic brain tumours is a delicate process, where a high degree of specificity is required to remove all of the tumour tissue without damaging healthy brain. The accuracy of this process can be greatly enhanced by intraoperative guidance. Optical biopsies using Raman spectroscopy are a minimally invasive and lower cost alternative to current guidance methods. A miniature Raman probe for performing optical biopsies of human brain tissue is presented. The probe allows sampling inside a conventional stereotactic brain biopsy system: a needle of length 200mm and inner diameter of 1.8mm. The probe achieves a very low fluorescent background whilst maintaining good collection of Raman signal by employing a miniature stand-off Raman design. To illustrate this, the probe is compared with a Raman probe that uses a pair of optical fibres for collection. The miniature stand-off Raman probe is shown to collect a comparable number of Raman scattered photons, but the fluorescence caused by silica fibres in a Raman needle probe is reduced by a factor of two for Raman shifts under 500 cm<sup>-1</sup>, and by 30% at 600-700 cm<sup>-1</sup>. In addition, this design contains only medically approved materials at the distal end. The probe’s suitability for use on tissue is demonstrated by discriminating between different types of porcine brain tissue.
Comparison of laser performance of dye molecules in sol-gel, polycom, ormosil, and poly(methyl methacrylate) host media (1995)

Laser performance is described for Rhodamine 590, Pyrromethene 567, Perylene red, and Perylene orange in inorganic porous sol-gel glass, poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA), a composite of porous sol-gel glass with PMMA and organically modified silicate ormosil glass. Lasers were excited with a flash-lamp-pumped dye laser in the long-pulse-length regime (3 µs, 506 nm, 300 mJ) and a second-harmonic Nd:YAG laser in the short-pulse-length regime (6 or 15 ns, 532 nm, 60 mJ). The feasibility of long-pulse-length operation is demonstrated, detailed characteristics of short-pulse operation are described, and laser damage measurements are given. The nonpolar perylene dyes had better performance in partially organic hosts, and the ionic rhodamine and pyrromethene dyes performed best in the inorganic sol-gel glass host.
Size Effects on the Photophysical Properties of Colloidal Anatase TiO2 Particles: Size Quantization versus Direct Transitions in This Indirect Semiconductor? (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSize Effects on the Photophysical Properties of Colloidal Anatase TiO2 Particles: Size Quantization versus Direct Transitions in This Indirect Semiconductor?N. Serpone, D. Lawless, and R. KhairutdinovCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 45, 16646–16654Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100045a026https://doi.org/10.1021/j100045a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7339Altmetric-Citations1279LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Angiogenesis and Anti-Angiogenic Molecularly Targeted Therapies in Malignant Gliomas (2009)

Angiogenesis is considered to be a regulating factor of vascular development and growth for malignant gliomas, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and anaplastic astrocytomas. The mechanism of angiogenesis is primarily mediated by hypoxia through chronic activation of the HIF pathway leading to the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor. Alternatively, it can be triggered by genetic factors. The VEGF/VEGFR-2 is the predominant angiogenic signalling pathway in malignant gliomas. Currently, anti-angiogenic molecularly targeted therapies, including administration of monoclonal antibodies or tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), are being increasingly adopted for treating GBMs. This approach is based on the ability of anti-VEGFRs monoclonal antibodies to decrease vascular permeability and perfusion, whereas the use of TKIs is mainly based on their capacity to interfere with cell communication, receptor signaling and growth of tumours. Our aim is to review current knowledge on angiogenesis as a molecular pathogenetic mechanism of malignant gliomas and to critically look at and discuss antiangiogenic molecularly targeted therapies for these brain malignancies. We also highlight areas of future research to pursue.
The Effect of Soap on the Toxicity of a Pyrethrum Product Known as “Red Arrow” (1931)

A study of the toxicity of “Red Arrow” at varying concentrations, of potassium cocoanut fatty acid soap at varying concentrations, and of mixtures of “Red Arrow” and additional soap with “Red Arrow” variable and soap constant, and with soap variable and “Red Arrow” constant. All tested on the green spiraea aphis (Aphis spiraecola Patch). The results indicate that “Red Arrow” diluted with tap-water does not function at its maximum efficiency, probably because the surface tension of .the aqueous carrier is too high to permit sufficient penetration into the internal tissues of the insect through the breathing system. This study further indicates that the efficiency of “Red Arrow” is increased almost four times when diluted with water containing enough soap (0.4%) to condition the aqueous carrier to very nearly 30 dynes. A study of the relative toxicity of samples of “Red Arrow” manufactured in 1927, 1928, 1929, and 1930 respectively, kept under normal storage conditions and tested October, 1930 on honey bees (A pis mellifera Linn.) and on the black bean plant louse (Aphis rumicis Linn.) This study shows that the various samples of “Red Arrow” tested have lost very little if any of their toxicity.
Characterization of CHO Cells Stably Expressing a Gα <sub>16/z</sub> Chimera for High Throughput Screening of GPCRs (2004)

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are important therapeutic targets for drug discovery. The identification and characterization of new ligands ideally requires the use of high throughput assays that are applicable to all GPCR subtypes. To circumvent the problem of different GPCRs coupling to distinct intracellular second messenger pathways, we describe a new method that uses the chimeric Galpha protein 16z25 to facilitate this process. Stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells, 16z25 allows G(i/o)- and G(s)-coupled receptors to mobilize intracellular Ca(2+) upon agonist stimulation. We have generated nine cell lines each stably expressing 16z25 and a GPCR. All cell lines respond to appropriate agonist stimulation in fluorometric imaging plate reader (FLIPR) assays with robust and potent Ca(2+) mobilization. Several of these lines have been pharmacologically characterized using agonists and antagonists. We also demonstrate that the coexpression of GPCR and 16z25 does not interfere with the receptors' ability to activate endogenous signaling pathways. The ability of 16z25 to functionally mediate the agonist stimulation of a broad spectrum of GPCRs indicates that the use of cell lines stably coexpressing this chimera and GPCRs will simplify the drug screening process and aid in the deorphanization of new receptors.
Analysis of bioactive constituents from the leaves of Amorpha fruticosa L. (2016)

Amorpha fruticosa L. is a Chinese folk medicine and rich in polyphenols. Fifteen known compounds were isolated and identified from the leaves of A. fruticosa L. They are tephrosin (1), 6a,12a-dehydrodeguelin (2), vitexin (3), afrormosin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (4), 2″-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl isovitexin (5), rutin (6), chrysoeriol (7), 7-O-methylluteolin (8), trans-p-coumaric acid (9), 2-benzyl-4,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid-4-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (10), formononetin (11), quercetin (12), apigenin (13), β-sitosterol (14), and β-daucosterol (15). Compounds 3, 4, 5, and 7–9 were isolated from A. fruticosa L. for the first time. Cytotoxicity of individual compounds 3–10 and 90% ethanol extract against human cancer cell lines HCT116 and HepG2 were reported. The results suggested that compounds 7 and 8, and the crude extract exhibited inhibitory effects on human cancer cell line HCT116, at concentrations of 100 μg/mL, 5 μg/mL, and 25 μg/mL at <60% of cell viability rate, respectively. In addition, a valid high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detector method was established to quantitatively analyze compounds 1–12 in the leaves of A. fruticosa L., which was harvested at three different stages of maturity from May 20 to August 10, 2014. The results demonstrated that contents were greatly influenced by the maturity. Total amounts of the analytical constituents gradually increased from May 20 to August 10, with the values ranging from 10.86 mg/g to 18.84 mg/g, whereas bioactive compounds 7 and 8 presented the opposite variation trend. The results of this study may provide data for further study and comprehensive utilization of A. fruticosa L. resource.
A New Bastadin from the Sponge Psammaplysilla purpurea (1993)

A new bastadin 2 and the previously reported bastadins 5 [3], 7 [4], and 12 (formerly bastadin 9) [5] were isolated from the Verongid sponge Psammaplysilla purpurea collected in Pohnpei. Compound 2 is mildly cytotoxic against several cell lines and inhibits the enzymes topoisomerase II and dehydrofolate reductase.
<title>Object-oriented interface to the NeXT sound driver</title> (1993)

The NeXT Computer system software release 3.0 includes a new Mach device driver that controls the sound playback and recording hardware. Also new are several software objects in the sound kit that provide direct access to the driver. Included are objects that represent the hardware devices themselves, and objects that implement streams of sound data flowing to and from the devices. The real-time mixing and amplitude scaling features of the new driver are brought out to the programmer through these objects. This paper describes the new objects and provides a short code example.
A soluble form of the HLA-G antigen is encoded by a messenger ribonucleic acid containing intron 4. (1994)

The HLA-G primary transcript is alternatively spliced to yield mRNAs encoding three alternative membrane bound proteins. In addition to these forms, a soluble HLA-G protein has been described which is not encoded directly by any of the three alternative mRNAs. To explain the process which might lead to the expression of a soluble HLA-G Ag, we investigated the potential roles proteolytic processing and additional alternative splicing of HLA-G RNA might play. By generating transfected cells with HLA-G cDNA expression driven by a retroviral promoter, it was possible to rule out proteolytic processing of the membrane-bound HLA-G as a mechanism of generating soluble HLA-G, resulting in our focus on alternative splicing as an explanation. Analysis of PCR-amplified cDNA revealed a relatively abundant transcript present in all samples examined which consisted of the full length HLA-G mRNA sequence interrupted by intron 4 sequence. The open reading frame in this mRNA continues into intron 4 terminating 21 amino acids after the alpha 3 domain, thus excluding the transmembrane encoding region and yielding a protein with a highly charged carboxyl terminus. Transfection of the intron 4 containing cDNA, inserted into a retroviral expression vector, into LCL .221 followed by comparison of the class I protein to native soluble G by two dimensional isoelectric focusing/SDS-PAGE analysis, demonstrated this message encoded the soluble HLA-G protein. In addition, a similar intron containing message derived from the HLA-G2 mRNA was found, suggesting the existence of a soluble form of this alternative HLA-G protein. These findings are discussed in relation to other soluble class I molecules and with regard to potential functions of the soluble HLA-G Ag.
Pressures in the carpal tunnel. A comparison between patients with carpal tunnel syndrome and normal subjects (1990)

We studied pressure in the carpal tunnel in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome and in normal control subjects, using a slit catheter and recording in the neutral position, 90 degrees dorsiflexion, and 90 degrees palmarflexion of the wrist. For each position the mean pressure in the patients was very significantly higher than in the controls, the highest pressure being in 90 degrees dorsiflexion, and the lowest in the neutral position. Using an upper limit of normal pressure of 5.5 mmHg in the neutral position gave a diagnostic sensitivity of 78.7%, a specificity of 78.1%, an accuracy of 78.5%, and a positive predictive value of 87.3%.
Identification of Direct Serum-response Factor Gene Targets during Me2SO-induced P19 Cardiac Cell Differentiation (2005)

Serum-response factor (SRF) is an obligatory transcription factor, required for the formation of vertebrate mesoderm leading to the origin of the cardiovascular system. Protein A-TEV-tagged chromatin immunoprecipitation technology was used to collect direct SRF-bound gene targets from pluripotent P19 cells, induced by Me2SO treatment into an enriched cardiac cell population. From 242 sequenced DNA fragments, we identified 188 genomic DNA fragments as potential direct SRF targets that contain CArG boxes and CArG-like boxes. Of the 92 contiguous genes that were identified, a subgroup of 43 SRF targets was then further validated by co-transfection assays with SRF. Expression patterns of representative candidate genes were compared with the LacZ reporter expression activity of the endogenous SRF gene. According to the Unigene data base, 84% of the SRF target candidates were expressed, at least, in the heart. In SRF null embryonic stem cells, 81% of these SRF target candidates were greatly affected by the absence of SRF. Among these SRF-regulated genes, Raf1, Map4k4, and Bicc1 have essential roles in mesoderm formation. The 12 regulated SRF target genes, Mapk10 (JNK3), Txnl2, Azi2, Tera, Sema3a, Lrp4, Actc1, Myl3, Hspg2, Pgm2, Hif3a, and Asb5, have been implicated in cardiovascular formation, and the Ski and Hes6 genes have roles in muscle differentiation. SRF target genes related to cell mitosis and cycle, E2f5, Npm1, Cenpb, Rbbp6, and Scyl1, expressed in the heart tissue were differentially regulated in SRF null ES cells.
Balancing the Need to Develop Coastal Areas with the Desire for an Ecologically Functioning Coastal Environment: Is Net Ecosystem Improvement Possible? (2005)

Abstract The global human population is growing exponentially, close to a majority lives and works near the coast, and coastal commerce and development are critical to the economies of many nations. Hence, coastal areas will continue to be a major focus of development and economic activity. People desire the economic advantages provided by coastal development along with the fisheries and social commodities supported by estuarine and coastal ecosystems. Because of these facts, we view the challenge of balancing coastal development with enhancing nearshore marine and estuarine ecosystems (i.e., net ecosystem improvement) as the top priority for coastal researchers in this century. Our restoration research in Pacific Northwest estuaries and participation in nearshore project design and impact mitigation has largely dealt with these competing goals. To this end, we have applied conceptual models, comprehensive assessment methods, and principles of restoration ecology, conservation biology, and adaptive management to incorporate science into decisions about uses of estuarine systems. Case studies of Bainbridge Island and the Columbia River demonstrate the use of objective, defensible methods to prioritize tidally influenced shorelines and habitats (i.e., riparian forests, marshes, unvegetated flats, rocky shores, seagrass meadows, kelp forests) for preservation, conservation, and restoration. Case studies of Clinton, Washington, and Port Townsend, Washington, demonstrate the incorporation of an ecological perspective and technological solutions into design of overwater structures to minimize impacts on nearshore ecosystems. Adaptive management has allowed coastal development and restoration uncertainties to be better evaluated, with the information used to improve management decisions. Although unproven on a large scale, we think these kinds of methods can contribute to the net improvement of already degraded ecosystems. The ingredients include applied science to understand the issues, education, incentives, empirical data, cumulative impact analysis, and an effective adaptive management program. Because the option of net ecosystem improvement is often more costly than alternatives such as no net loss, commitment by the local or regional community to this approach is essential.
Two‐dimensional mass spectrometry in a linear ion trap, an <i>in silico</i> model (2017)

A 2D mass spectrum could be obtained using the results from the simulation. This in silico model shows the feasibility of 2D MS on a LIT. 2D MS in a LIT allows for tandem mass spectrometry without ion isolation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effect of Metallic Ions on Surface Chemical Phenomena. III. Solubility of Various Metal Dodecyl Sulfates in Water (1960)

Abstract Calcium, strontium-, barium-, lead-, manganese-, magnesium-, cobalt- and copper dodecyl sulfates were synthesized and their compositions were determined from the results of their elementary analysis and metal content analysis. Further, the solubility of these metal dodecyl sulfates was measured at various temperatures. From these data, these metal dodecyl sulfates except barium salt were found to have the Krafft points, values of which were shown also.