gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Environmental Mass Spectrometry (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTEnvironmental Mass SpectrometrySusan D. RichardsonView Author Information National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605 Cite this: Anal. Chem. 2000, 72, 18, 4477–4496Publication Date (Web):August 1, 2000Publication History Published online1 August 2000Published inissue 1 September 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac000755ohttps://doi.org/10.1021/ac000755oreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © Not subject to U.S. Copyright. Published 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1670Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Atmospheric chemistry,Drinking water,Geological materials,Pest control,Soils Get e-Alerts
Chelation-Controlled Regioselectivity in the Synthesis of Substituted Pyrazolylpyridine Ligands. 1. Bidentates (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChelation-Controlled Regioselectivity in the Synthesis of Substituted Pyrazolylpyridine Ligands. 1. BidentatesYue Luo and Pierre G. PotvinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 7, 1761–1765Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00086a028https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00086a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views625Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A simple model for quartz resonator low level drive sensitivity (2002)

The nature of the observed phenomenon of starting resistance is reviewed, along with the accompanying experimental evidence of high drive level altering and sometimes curing the malady. A simple phenomenological model is proposed, and it is shown that this model predicts all of the observed properties of starting resistance with the exception of high drive curing. Mechanisms for this case which are consistent with the model are suggested. Device changes due to high drive which would account for the observed characteristics and fit within the assumptions of the model are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Platelet Aggregation Inhibiting and Anticoagulant Effects of Oligoamines, XVIII: Oligoamines with Fluorescent Properties, Part B: Fluorophores in the Molecular Periphery (1994)

Seventeen N,N'-benzene-1,3-dimethane and nine N,N',N''-benzene-1,3,5-trimethane derivatives with fluorescent properties have been synthesized. Three of them show antiplatelet activities (inducer collagen, IC50 Born-test) in concentrations < 10 mumol/L. They are suitable for interaction studies with biological macromolecules and synthetical and biological membranes. Structure activity relationships demonstrate that heteropolycyclic fluorophores i.e. quinoline, dibenzofurane, or carbazole are favorable substituents for this purpose.
Individual Block Length Distributions of Block Copolymers of Polystyrene-<i>block</i>-Poly(α-methylstyrene) by MALDI/TOF Mass Spectrometry (1996)

The block length distributions of two block copolymers of α-methylstyrene and styrene, of different molecular weights and relative block lengths, were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI/TOF) mass spectrometry. A method for the treatment of mass spectroscopic data for block copolymers is proposed. The random coupling hypothesis has been verified experimentally and found to hold for this type of triblock copolymers. The experimental distributions have been compared with the Poisson and Schulz−Zimm models modified to accommodate the change of variables. The agreement between the experimental and calculated distributions is very good for the Schulz−Zimm model and fair for the Poisson model. Mass spectrometry proved to be a useful technique providing unique information on the experimental distributions of both constituent parts in a block copolymer. It was confirmed that block copolymers with narrow molecular weight distributions may have broad, complex, and even bimodal composition distributions. The polydispersity factors observed for the individual parts were higher than those for the whole copolymer.
Cooperative diversity in wireless relay networks with multiple-antenna nodes (2005)

In [1], the idea of distributed space-time coding was proposed to achieve a degree of cooperative diversity in a wireless relay network. In particular, for a relay network with a single-antenna transmitter and receiver and R single-antenna relays, it was shown that the pairwise error probability (PEP) decays as (log P/P) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</sup> where P is the total transmit power. In this paper, we extend the results to wireless relay networks where the transmitter, receiver, and/or relays may have multiple antennas. Assuming that the transmitter has M antennas, the receiver has N antennas, the sum of all the antennas at the relay nodes is R, and the coherence interval is long enough, we show that the PEP behaves as (1/P) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min{M,N}R</sup> , if M ne N, and (log <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> M/P/P) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MR</sup> , if M = N. Therefore, for the case of M ne N, distributed space-time coding has the same PEP performance as a multiple-antenna system with min{M, N}R transmit and a single receive antenna. For the case of M = N, the penalty on the PEP compared to a multiple-antenna system is a log <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> M/ P factor, which is negligible at high SNR. We also show that for a fixed total transmit power across the entire network, the optimal power allocation is for the transmitter to expend half the power and for the relays to share the other half with the power used by each relay being proportional to the number of antennas it has
CD25+CD4+ Regulatory T Cells and Memory T Cells Prevent Lymphopenia-Induced Proliferation of Naive T Cells in Transient States of Lymphopenia (2006)

Lymphopenia has been associated with autoimmune pathology and it has been suggested that lymphopenia-induced proliferation of naive T cells may be responsible for the development of immune pathology. In this study we demonstrate that lymphopenia-induced proliferation is restricted to conditions of extreme lymphopenia, because neither naive nor memory T cells transferred into T cell-depleted hosts proliferate unless the depletion exceeds 90% of the peripheral repertoire. Memory CD4 T cells as well as regulatory CD4 T cells proved to be relatively resistant to depletion regimes, and both subsets restrict the expansion and phenotypic conversion of naive T cells by an IL-7R-dependent mechanism. It therefore seems unlikely that lymphopenia-induced proliferation of peripheral T cells causes deleterious side effects that result in immune pathology in states of partial and transient lymphopenia.
Master and Slave Beam Servo Technique for Volumetric Bit-Wise Optical Data Storage (2005)

A master and slave servo technique that maintains tracking and focus registration inside a volumetric disk is presented, and the misregistration of the slave beam with respect to the master beam due to disk tilt and beam skew is calculated.
Effect of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea) Tissue, Incorporated at Different Depths in a Soil Column, on Meloidogyne incognita. (2007)

Brassicas have been used frequently for biofumigation, a pest-management strategy based on the release of biocidal volatiles during decomposition of soil-incorporated tissue. However, the role of such volatiles in control of plant-parasitic nematodes is unclear. The goal of this study was to determine the direct localized and indirect volatile effects of amending soil with broccoli tissue on root-knot nematode populations. Meloidogyne incognita-infested soil in 50-cm-long tubes was amended with broccoli tissue, which was mixed throughout the tube or concentrated in a 10-cm layer. After three weeks at 28 degrees C, M. incognita populations in the amended tubes were 57 to 80% smaller than in non-amended tubes. Mixing broccoli throughout the tubes reduced M. incognita more than concentrating broccoli in a 10-cm layer. Amending a 10-cm layer reduced M. incognita in the non-amended layers of those tubes by 31 to 71%, probably due to a nematicidal effect of released volatiles. However, the localized direct effect was much stronger than the indirect effect of volatiles. The strong direct effect may have resulted from the release of non-volatile nematicidal compounds. Therefore, when using biofumigation with broccoli to control M. incognita, the tissue should be thoroughly and evenly mixed through the soil layer(s) where the target nematodes occur. Effects on saprophytic nematodes were the reverse. Amended soil layers had much greater numbers of saprophytic nematodes than non-amended layers, and there was no indirect effect of amendments on saprophytic nematodes in adjacent non-amended layers.
Disaster-Aware Submarine Fiber-Optic Cable Deployment for Mesh Networks (2016)

With the increasing social and economic reliance on the Internet and the significant monetary and non-monetary societal cost associated with service interruption, network survivability is an important element in telecommunication network design. A major cause of Internet service interruption is breakage of fiber-optic cables due to man-made or natural disasters such as earthquakes. In addition to the societal cost, there is also cost of repairing damaged cables paid by the cable owner. A disaster-resilient submarine cable deployment can achieve significant cost saving when disaster strikes. In this study, we investigate a disaster-aware submarine fiber-optic cable deployment optimization problem to minimize such expected costs in case of a disaster. While selecting paths for the cables, our approach aims to minimize the expected cost for both cable owner and the affected society, considering that submarine fiber-optic cables may break because of natural disasters, subject to limitation of available deployment budget and other constraints. In our approach, localized disaster-unrelated potential disconnection (e.g., due to shark bites) are avoided by providing a backup cable along with primary cable. We consider a mesh topology network with multiple nodes located at different sea/ocean shores, submarine fiber-optic cables of irregular shape, and a topography of undersea environment. We present an Integer Linear Program to address the problem, together with illustrative numerical examples. Finally, we validate our approach by applying it to a case study of an existing cable system in the Mediterranean Sea, and the results show that we can significantly reduce overall expected cost at a slight increase in deployment cost. The results demonstrate a potential saving of billions of US dollars for the society in case of a future disaster. In order to achieve such large savings, cable companies may require to lay somewhat longer cables to avoid potential disaster areas, which may increase deployment cost that is relatively smaller compared to potential savings in case of a disaster. Understanding such trade-offs is important for stakeholders, including government agencies, cable industry, and insurance companies, which may have different objectives, but can work together for the overall benefit of the society.
Effects of type I interferons in malaria (2018)

Type I interferons (IFNs) are a family of cytokines with a wide range of biological activities including anti-viral and immune-regulatory functions. Here, we focus on the protozoan parasitic disease malaria, and examine the effects of type I IFN-signalling during Plasmodium infection of humans and experimental mice. Since the 1960s, there have been many studies in this area, but a simple explanation for the role of type I IFN has not emerged. Although epidemiological data are consistent with roles for type I IFN in influencing malaria disease severity, functional proof of this remains sparse in humans. Several different rodent-infective Plasmodium species have been employed in in vivo studies of parasite-sensing, experimental cerebral malaria, lethal malaria, liver-stage infection, and adaptive T-cell and B-cell immunity. A range of different outcomes in these studies suggests a delicately balanced, multi-faceted and highly complex role for type I IFN-signalling in malaria. This is perhaps unsurprising given the multiple parasite-sensing pathways that can trigger type I IFN production, the multiple isoforms of IFN-α/β that can be produced by both immune and non-immune cells, the differential effects of acute versus chronic type I IFN production, the role of low level 'tonic' type I IFN-signalling, and that signalling can occur via homodimeric IFNAR1 or heterodimeric IFNAR1/2 receptors. Nevertheless, the data indicate that type I IFN-signalling controls parasite numbers during liver-stage infection, and depending on host-parasite genetics, can be either detrimental or beneficial to the host during blood-stage infection. Furthermore, type I IFN can promote cytotoxic T lymphocyte immune pathology and hinder CD4<sup>+</sup> T helper cell-dependent immunity during blood-stage infection. Hence, type I IFN-signalling plays highly context-dependent roles in malaria, which can be beneficial or detrimental to the host.
Comparisons of four methods for quantification of lysosomal cysteine proteinase activities. (1990)

Four methods were compared to optimize the measurement of the activities of cathepsin B and cathepsin L in porcine skeletal muscle. These methods were: Method A (lysosomal enriched fraction obtained by differential centrifugation), Method B (muscle extract in the absence of detergent), Method C (muscle extract in the presence of detergent) and Method D (the same as method C, but passed through a S-carboxymethylated-papain-Sepharose affinity column). Results indicated that, of the methods tested, Method D yielded greater cathepsin B and consistently greater cathepsin B + L activities per gram of muscle. Hence, Method D is the method of choice for quantification of these enzyme activities. Studies indicated that for cathepsin B with Z-Arg-Arg-NMec as substrate, Km and Vmax values were .416 mM and 4,405 pmol.min-1.mg protein-1, respectively. The Km and Vmax for cathepsins B + L were .132 mM and 9,346 pmol.min-1.mg protein-1, respectively. The relationship between enzyme activity and incubation time was linear for the incubation times studied (up to 60 min). Also, the relationship between enzyme activities and amount of protein in the assay was linear at the concentrations studied (up to 20 micrograms protein). The same preparations were assayed by conditions commonly used by many investigators (.005 mM substrate, approximately 75 micrograms protein, 30 min at 37 degrees C) and by conditions established in this study (1.0 mM substrate, 10 micrograms protein and 15 min at 37 degrees C).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
On the Construction of the Ambiguity Searching Space for On-the-Fly Ambiguity Resolution (1993)

Precise kinematic differential positioning using GPS requires the use of carrier phase observations with correctly resolved integer ambiguities. On-the-fly (OTF) ambiguity resolution, i.e. ambiguity resolution while the receiver is in motion, is desirable, since it increases the flexibility and reliability of the kinematic positioning. It is, however, not an easy task. Several factors must judiciously be taken into consideration. One of these is a fast and reliable OTF ambiguity resolution technique. OTF ambiguity resolution techniques generally resolve ambiguities by testing many combinations of ambiguity sets or positions representing the ambiguity sets inside a certain predetermined searching space. The shape and size of the searching space affect the speed of ambiguity resolution. In this paper, the construction of the optimal searching space is explained and discussed, and results based on a static zero baseline GPS data collection are presented. It is shown that for fast and reliable ambiguity resolution, the ellipsoidal searching space should be used instead of the cube. Moreover, the searching space should neither be too small nor too large.
On deployment optimization strategy for hybrid wireless sensor networks (2014)

For a hybrid sensor network constructing with static nodes and mobile nodes, adjusting the position of the mobile nodes can improve network coverage and target detection rate effectively. In this paper, we present the “Bidding” protocol based on probability detection model, and then propose a distributed covering algorithm DPFA (Distributed Potential Field Algorithm) for hybrid wireless sensor network based on artificial potential field. The coverage holes generate a gravitational field, which generates a virtual force to determine the mobile node's motion paths. Simulation results show that DPFA algorithm significantly increase the effective coverage of the network compared to the “Bidding” protocol.
Application of the homology method for quantification of low-attenuation lung region in patients with and without COPD (2016)

Feasibility of the homology-based emphysema quantification was validated. The homology-based emphysema quantification was useful for the assessment of emphysema severity.
A selectivity study of activated ketal reduction with borane dimethyl sulfide (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA selectivity study of activated ketal reduction with borane dimethyl sulfideBirgit Bartels and Roger HunterCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 24, 6756–6765Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00076a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00076a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1630Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Thermophysical Properties of Aqueous Piperazine and Aqueous (<i>N</i>-Methyldiethanolamine + Piperazine) Solutions at Temperatures (298.15 to 338.15) K (2009)

In the present work, thermophysical properties such as density (ρ), dynamic viscosity (η), refractive index (nD), and surface tension (σ) of aqueous piperazine (PZ) solutions with mass fractions (100w = 1.74, 5.16, 10.35) have been measured from temperatures (298.15 to 338.15) K. All of these properties have also been measured for the aqueous blends of N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and piperazine (PZ) with mass fractions {100(w1/w2) = 32.28/1.74, 32.28/5.16, 32.28/10.35, 48.80/1.74, 48.80/5.16, 48.80/10.35)} for the entire temperature range. The limit of PZ solubility in water was measured by the addition of a known quantity of anhydrous PZ (solid crystals) in 20 mL of distilled water at temperatures (278 to 343) K with a regular interval of 5 K. The experimental values of the studied physical properties have been compared with the literature and also correlated as a function of temperature. The coefficients of thermal expansion (αp) values have been calculated from their experimental density data using an empirical correlation. A thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) has been used to explore the thermal stability of the studied solvent systems at a heating rate of 10 °C·min−1.
MAGIC: an experimental system for generating multimedia briefings about post-bypass patient status. (1996)

We describe MAGIC, an experimental system for generating multimedia briefings about the clinical status of post-bypass patients entering a cardiac ICU. MAGIC is a distributed system whose components use knowledge-based techniques for planning and generating briefings in text, speech, and graphics. These briefings are coordinated together by reasoning with dynamically generated temporal and spatial constraints. Formative evaluation using system mock-ups with ICU nurses and residents have been used to determine the general format and content of these briefings. We present an overview of MAGIC's architecture and show what it can currently generate.
Aberration compensation of a curved diffraction grating stretcher for femtosecond chirped-pulse amplification (1997)

We recently introduced a new compact pulse stretcher [Opt. Lett.22, 811 (1997)] that uses standard curved gratings and has several advantages over other systems. It provides positive group-delay dispersion and adequately matches the standard grating pair compressor, which makes it useful in chirped-pulse amplification systems. We analyze the conditions that the different parameters of the stretcher must satisfy to be afocal as well as the problem of chromatic aberrations.