gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE UTILIZATION OF NATURAL PASTURES BY WILD ANIMALS IN THE RUKWA VALLEY, TANGANYIKA (1965)

Summary The object of this paper is to elucidate the principles involved in the utilization of natural grasslands by an indigenous community of animals. The studies were carried out in the Rukwa valley during a period of fourteen years and it is suggested that the results are applicable to other similar ecological areas. The various types of grassland and pasture which occur are described, and their ecology and seasonal development are discussed in relation to the climate and drainage in the valley. The incidence of fire is recorded and its influence is compared with the effects of grazing. The utilization of the pastures by herbivorous animals is described, and it is explained how grazing pressure results in pasture rejuvenation which is manifest by the development of a grazing mosaic. It is shown that a sequence of animals, heavier ones followed by lighter ones, use the different pastures in rotation during the year and as a consequence alternate periods of optimum use and rest occur, and the harmful effects of over‐grazing do not appear. The species of animals which form the Rukwa valley grazing community are listed and the ecological stresses which they experience in a changeable environment are noted. Examples are quoted to support the view that dry periods favour the fauna whereas extremely wet ones are unfavourable. It is shown how the ability of the animals to establish biotic pressure on the pastures enables them to become rehabilitated even though conditions remain unfavourable. It is opined that if the same principles are made use of in game management schemes elsewhere, successful conservation of both grasslands and animals is likely to be achieved.
AMPK-Mediated AS160 Phosphorylation in Skeletal Muscle Is Dependent on AMPK Catalytic and Regulatory Subunits (2006)

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a heterotrimeric protein that regulates glucose transport mediated by cellular stress or pharmacological agonists such as 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1 beta-d-ribonucleoside (AICAR). AS160, a Rab GTPase-activating protein, provides a mechanism linking AMPK signaling to glucose uptake. We show that AICAR increases AMPK, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and AS160 phosphorylation by insulin-independent mechanisms in isolated skeletal muscle. Recombinant AMPK heterotrimeric complexes (alpha1beta1gamma1 and alpha2beta2gamma1) phosphorylate AS160 in a cell-free assay. In mice deficient in AMPK signaling (alpha2 AMPK knockout [KO], alpha2 AMPK kinase dead [KD], and gamma3 AMPK KO), AICAR effects on AS160 phosphorylation were severely blunted, highlighting that complexes containing alpha2 and gamma3 are necessary for AICAR-stimulated AS160 phosphorylation in intact skeletal muscle. Contraction-mediated AS160 phosphorylation was also impaired in alpha2 AMPK KO and KD but not gamma3 AMPK KO mice. Our results implicate AS160 as a downstream target of AMPK.
Improved query performance prediction using standard deviation (2011)

Query performance prediction (QPP) is an important task in information retrieval (IR). In this paper, we (1) develop a new predictor based on the standard deviation of scores in a variable length ranked list, and (2) we show that this new predictor outperforms state-of-the-art approaches without the need for tuning.
Finite element analysis of dynamic thermal distortions of an x-ray mask for synchrotron radiation lithography (1992)

This paper presents the transient modelling of an x-ray lithography mask undergoing continuous wave x-ray exposure. Two- and three-dimensional finite element models are developed to analyze the heat transfer mechanisms in the mask-wafer-holder assembly system. An additional structural model is used to calculate thermally-induced stresses and distortions (in-plane and out-of-plane) as a function of time. Parametric studies are performed to identify the effects of the Gaussian beam width, scanning frequency, exposure time and proximity gap setting on the dynamic response of the membrane.
Combined tangential-normal vector elements for computing electric and magnetic fields (1993)

A direct method for computing electric and magnetic fields in two dimensions is developed. This method determines both the fields and fluxes directly from Maxwell's curl and divergence equations without introducing potential functions. This allows both the curl and the divergence of the field to be set independently in all elements. The technique is based on a novel type of vector finite element that simultaneously interpolates to the tangential component of the electric or magnetic flux. Continuity conditions are imposed across element edges. This guarantees the continuity of the field and flux at the mid-point of each edge, and its also guarantees that for all edges the average values of the tangential component of the field and of the normal component of the flux are identical.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characteristics of [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine binding to iris-ciliary body tissue of the rabbit. (1995)

A population of 5-HT1A receptors is present in rabbit ciliary processes. There is no evidence to suggest the presence of 5-HT1D alpha, 5-HT1D beta, 5-HT2B, or 5-HT2C receptors in the iris-ciliary body.
A Cost-Effective Main Memory Organization for Future Servers (2005)

Today, the amount of main memory in mid-range servers is pushing practical limits with as much as 192 GB memory in a 24 processor system. Further, with the onset of multi-threaded, multi-core processor chips, it is likely that the number of memory chips per processor chip will start to increase, making DRAM cost and size an even larger burden. We investigate in this paper an alternative main memory organization - a two-level non-inclusive memory hierarchy - where the second level is substantially slower than the first level, with the aim of reducing total system cost and spatial requirements of servers of today and the future. We quantitatively investigate how big and how slow the second level can be. Surprisingly, we find that only 30% of the entire memory resources typically needed must be accessed at DRAM speed whereas the rest can be accessed at a speed that is an order of magnitude slower with a negligible (1.2% on average) performance impact. We also present a cost-effective implementation of how to manage such a hierarchy and how it can bring down memory cost by leveraging memory compression and sharing of memory resources among servers.
In vivo assessment of the atrophogenic potency of mometasone furoate, a newly developed chlorinated potent topical glucocorticoid as compared to other topical glucocorticoids old and new. (1995)

Topical glucocorticoids still belong to the most important medications available in dermatotherapy. The clinical use of topical glucocorticoids, however, nowadays is limited by the fear of side-effects both systemic and local, especially skin atrophy. The purpose of this study was to assess the atrophogenicity potential of newly developed topical glucocorticoids which were said to show an increased benefit-risk ratio. The test preparations comprised mometasone furoate, the corresponding vehicle, prednicarbate and hydrocortisone. They were applied once or twice daily for 6 weeks in healthy volunteers. Skin thickness was assessed weekly by using high frequency pulsed ultrasound. Clinically, none of the volunteers showed any sign of overt skin atrophy. Skin thickness, however, was reduced to a certain extent with all trial preparations including the base preparation. As to be expected from previous experiments the results for hydrocortisone and prednicarbate did not differ significantly from the ones for the base preparation. Interestingly, the same applied to mometasone furoate. These findings, together with the other available data, give evidence of an increased benefit-risk ratio as compared to previous medium potent topical glucocorticoids. This might be of particular interest facing psoriasis vulgaris where an antiproliferative activity of a drug is needed.
Multichannel fiber-optic magnetometer system for undersea measurements (1995)

We have designed, fabricated, and operated an undersea array of eight fiber-optic vector magnetometers. Each magnetometer consists of three magnetostrictive transducers aligned on orthogonal axes and incorporated in a single Michelson interferometer. During undersea operation, each interferometer exhibited less than 1 /spl mu/rad//spl radic/ Hz phase noise, and the self-noise of each magnetic transducer was less than 0.2 nT//spl radic/ Hz at 0.1 Hz. We discuss the design and performance of the optical system including noise mechanisms. We present the results of magnetic measurements of the geomagnetic field and the magnetic tracking of ships.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Flash memories, their status and trends (2002)

Flash memories will stir additional progress in semiconductor memories. While DRAMs play a key role in computer memories, they, cannot replace hard and floppy disks, but flash memories can, so markets for these devices may grow larger than DRAM markets.
Induction of Apoptosis by Phosphatidylserine (1998)

Treatment of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with phosphatidylserine (PS) caused cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Other phospholipids, such as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidic acid, had no effect on cell viability. The cells incubated with PS became round and underwent a dramatic reduction of cellular volume while maintaining the membrane containment of cellular contents. The PS-treatment induced chromatin condensation and extensive DNA fragmentation, with a pattern characteristic of internucleosomal fragmentation on agarose gel electrophoresis. These results indicate that PS-treatment induces apoptosis of CHO cells. This apoptosis-inducing activity was highly specific for PS, and neither of the synthetic PS analogs 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-D-serine (D-PS) and 2,3-diacyl-sn-glycero-1-phospho-L-serine induced apoptosis. Analysis using fluorescence-labeled phospholipids showed that both PS and D-PS were taken up equally and then transported to intracellular membranes, suggesting that the PS-specific induction of apoptosis was not the result of its specific internalization. These observations suggest that certain molecules which may recognize the stereo-specific configuration of PS are involved in the apoptotic process triggered by PS.
Conjugal Strategy for Construction of Fast Acid-Producing, Bacteriophage-Resistant Lactic Streptococci for Use in Dairy Fermentations (1986)

Bacteriophage-resistant dairy streptococci were obtained following conjugal transfer of pTR2030 from a lactose-negative donor, Streptococcus lactis TEK12, to lactose-positive recipient strains, Streptococcus cremoris LMA13 and 924 and S. lactis LMA12. Fast acid-producing, phage-resistant transconjugants were selected by challenge with homologous phage on fast-slow differential agar or lactose indicator agar. Acquisition of pTR2030 by the transconjugants was confirmed by DNA-DNA hybridization. Resistance of transconjugants to homologous phage was complete. Curing or deletion of pTR2030 in the transconjugants confirmed that phage resistance was due to pTR2030 acquisition and not to coincident background mutation. Phage-sensitive pTR2030 deletion derivatives of LMA12 transconjugants were isolated in vivo. The HindIII fragment B of pTR2030 was subcloned into pBR322 to yield a recombinant plasmid, pMET2, useful as a source of pTR2030 DNA. A specific, chemically synthesized oligomer useful as a pTR2030 probe was derived from the sequence of a small portion of pTR2030. The conjugal strategy presented here was effective in yielding fast acid-producing, phage-resistant S. cremoris and S. lactis strains without the use of antibiotic resistance markers and without interfering with the acid-producing ability of the recipient strain.
A novel high-temperature furnace for combined<i>in situ</i>synchrotron X-ray diffraction and infrared thermal imaging to investigate the effects of thermal gradients upon the structure of ceramic materials (2014)

A new technique combining in situ X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation and infrared thermal imaging is reported. The technique enables the application, generation and measurement of significant thermal gradients, and furthermore allows the direct spatial correlation of thermal and crystallographic measurements. The design and implementation of a novel furnace enabling the simultaneous thermal and X-ray measurements is described. The technique is expected to have wide applicability in material science and engineering; here it has been applied to the study of solid oxide fuel cells at high temperature.
Superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic surface-enhanced separation performance of porous inorganic membranes for biomass-to-biofuel conversion applications (2016)

A new class of porous membranes is introduced to provide unique separation mechanisms by surface interactions and capillary condensation. High-performance architectural surface selective (HiPAS) membranes were designed for high perm-selective flux and high-temperature tolerance for hot vapor processing and liquid processing. Due to surface-enhanced selectivity, larger-fluxes were achieved by utilizing larger pore sizes (~8 nm for vapor phase and micron-sized pores for liquid phase separations). This article describes a membrane-based separation concept for biomass conversion pathways and demonstrates the initial data for selective permeation of toluene–water and toluene–phenol–water relevant to biofuel processing.
Biofilm, dental unit water line and its control (2010)

Biofilms are well-organized communities of cooperating microorganisms that can include bacteria, algae, fungi and diatoms. Dental unit waterlines (DUWL) are an integral part of dental surgery equipment, supplying water as a coolant, primarily for air turbine and ultrasonic scalers. Surveys of dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) indicate that biofilm formation is a universal problem and great majority of bacteria that have been identified from DUWL are ubiquitous, although present in only low numbers in domestic water distribution systems, but can flourish as biofilms on the lumen surfaces of narrow-bore waterlines in dental units. DUWL contamination and its significance as a factor in nosocomial infection of patients and health care workers has stressed the risk to immunocompromized persons. Not only patients but also dentists and dental personnel are at risk of being infected with opportunistic pathogens such as Pseudomonas or Legionella species by means of cross-infection or after aerosol formation from water emanating from DUWL. Several methods of decreasing the level of contamination in DUWL have been proposed. At present, the goal of this review is to discuss various aspects of biofilm formation and effective standardized disinfecting methods to maintain low bacterial counts in dental water line. This will increase the awareness of potential health risks posed by biofilm formation and provide information on techniques and devices designed to control the microbial contamination of DUWLs.
The role of exosomes in peripheral nerve regeneration (2015)

Peripheral nerve injuries remain problematic to treat, with poor functional recovery commonly observed. Injuries resulting in a nerve gap create specific difficulties for axonal regeneration. Approaches to address these difficulties include autologous nerve grafts (which are currently the gold standard treatment) and synthetic conduits, with the latter option being able to be impregnated with Schwann cells or stem cells which provide an appropriate micro-environment for neuronal regeneration to occur. Transplanting stem cells, however, infers additional risk of malignant transformation as well as manufacturing difficulties and ethical concerns, and the use of autologous nerve grafts and Schwann cells requires the sacrifice of a functioning nerve. A new approach utilizing exosomes, secreted extracellular vesicles, could avoid these complications. In this review, we summarize the current literature on exosomes, and suggest how they could help to improve axonal regeneration following peripheral nerve injury.
Expansion of Lysine-rich Repeats in Plasmodium Proteins Generates Novel Localization Sequences That Target the Periphery of the Host Erythrocyte (2016)

Repetitive low complexity sequences, mostly assumed to have no function, are common in proteins that are exported by the malaria parasite into its host erythrocyte. We identify a group of exported proteins containing short lysine-rich tandemly repeated sequences that are sufficient to localize to the erythrocyte periphery, where key virulence-related modifications to the plasma membrane and the underlying cytoskeleton are known to occur. Efficiency of targeting is dependent on repeat number, indicating that novel targeting modules could evolve by expansion of short lysine-rich sequences. Indeed, analysis of fragments of GARP from different species shows that two novel targeting sequences have arisen via the process of repeat expansion in this protein. In the protein Hyp12, the targeting function of a lysine-rich sequence is masked by a neighboring repetitive acidic sequence, further highlighting the importance of repetitive low complexity sequences. We show that sequences capable of targeting the erythrocyte periphery are present in at least nine proteins from Plasmodium falciparum and one from Plasmodium knowlesi We find these sequences in proteins known to be involved in erythrocyte rigidification and cytoadhesion as well as in previously uncharacterized exported proteins. Together, these data suggest that expansion and contraction of lysine-rich repeats could generate targeting sequences de novo as well as modulate protein targeting efficiency and function in response to selective pressure.
A new modification of the pomeranz–fritsch isoquinoline synthesis (1974)

Schiff's bases formed from a variety of alkoxybenzaldehydes and aminoacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal have been hydrogenated to the corresponding benzylamines and converted into N-tosylates. The latter are readily cyclised in dilute mineral acid to isoquinolines in a one-pot reaction; intermediates in this reaction are N-tosyl-1,2-dihydroisoquinolines which can be isolated. N-Benzyl-N-tosylaminoacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal on treatment with dilute acid under the same conditions as for the cyclisation reactions gave N-benzyl-N-tosylaminoacetaldehyde, and then N-tosylbenzylamine; other substituted benzylamino-acetal derivatives similarly when the benzyl group lacked sufficiently activating substituents for cyclisation of the acetal.
Emerging Methods of Biometrics Human Identification (2007)

Human identification biometrics systems may originate from real-life criminal and forensic applications. Some methods, such as fingerprinting and face recognition, already proved to be very efficient in computer vision based human recognition systems. In this paper we focus on emerging methods of biometrics human identification also used in the forensic and criminal practice. It is our motivation to design computer vision system based on innovative computing and image processing that would be used to identify humans on the basis of their ear, palm and lips images. Those methods have been successfully used by the police and forensic experts, and now gain attention of computer science community. In the article we propose innovative methods of ear, lips and palmprint biometrics to identify humans.
Both N- and C-terminal regions contribute to the assembly and functional expression of homo- and heteromultimeric voltage-gated K+ channels (1994)

The functional diversity of voltage-gated K+ channels may be partially determined by the mechanisms that permit or limit the assembly of molecularly diverse K+ channel subunits. To determine possible amino acid sequence domains required for subunit assembly and expression, we have constructed 15 N- and C-terminal interstitial or truncation deletion mutations in mKv1.1 (MBK1), a mouse Shaker-like K+ channel. We injected Xenopus oocytes with cRNA encoding each of these mutants and coinjected each mutant cRNA with cRNA for wild-type mKv1.3, another mouse Shaker-like K+ channel that can form heteromultimers with mKv1.1. We found that the last five amino acids of the C-terminus of mKv1.1 contribute to functional expression by (1) rescuing the function of mutants with a large truncation of the C-terminus (delta 424-495), and (2) contributing to the slow inactivation kinetics (time constant of 2-3 sec) of wild-type mKv1.1 whole-cell K+ currents. All C-terminal deletion mutants were able to express at least as heteromultimers with mKv1.3, suggesting that the C-terminus is not required for channel assembly. In contrast, nine different interstitial or truncation mutants in which part of a highly conserved, large (80-99 amino acid residues) domain within the N-terminus had been deleted were unable to express either homomultimers or heteromultimers. The relatively small sizes and nonoverlapping distributions of the interstitial deletions enable us to suggest that the structural integrity of this entire N-terminal domain is required for subunit assembly and functional expression of this and probably other Shaker-like K+ channel proteins.
The Titanium-Hydrogen System<sup>2</sup> (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Titanium-Hydrogen System2R. M. Haag and F. J. ShipkoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 20, 5155–5159Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1956https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01601a005Request reuse permissionsArticle Views319Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (522 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts