gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Systolic Arrays for Matrix Transpose and Other Reorderings (1987)

In this correspondence, a systolic array is described for computing the transpose of an n × n matrix in time 3n - 1 using n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> switching processors and n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> bit buffers. A one-dimensional implementation is also described. Arrays are also given to take a matrix in by rows and put it out by diagonals, and vice versa.
Directional isothermal growth of highly textured Bi2Sr2CaCu2O<i>y</i> (1993)

For Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oy (2212), it is shown that an oxygen gradient, as opposed to a temperature gradient, can be used to produce large bulk forms of the 2212 superconductor with highly textured microstructures from an oxygen-deficient melt held at a constant temperature. Material produced in this manner was found to have transition temperatures between 85 and 92 K, high critical current densities below 20 K, and modest critical current densities at 77 K.
NOTES ON GRIFFITH'S GEOLOGICAL MAPS OF IRELAND (1950)

A copy of one of the rare issues of Sir Richard Griffith's geological maps has recently been acquired by the British Museum (Natural History), and as this is probably the first of his many maps to be published, the following notes on the various issues, both MS. and published, appear to be worth recording. All copies of Griffith's maps are now very rare. Coloured copies of his larger maps were only executed to purchaser's order, and it is probable that each issue was limited. Sir Richard John Griffith, 1784-1778, mining engineer, became Professor of Geology at the Royal Dublin Society in 1812, and by 1815 had completed the MS. of his first geological map of Ireland. From that time until 1864 he held important posts as Government Inspector of Mines and Commissioner of Land Valuation of Ireland and of the Irish Board of Works. He received many honours during his lifetime and was created a baronet in 1858. For fuller particulars of his life and work, particularly the progress of his geological survey of Ireland, see Maxwell H. Close, 1880 : Anniversary address to the Royal Geological Society of Ireland (J. Roy. Geol. Soc. Ireland, 15 (NS. 5): 132-148).
Double-sided cooling design for novel planar module (2013)

A novel packaging structure for medium power modules featuring power semiconductor switches sandwiched between two symmetric substrates that fulfill electrical conduction and insulation functions is presented. Large bonding areas between dies and substrates allow this packaging technology to offer significant improvements in electrical, thermal performance. Double-sided cooling system was dedicatedly analyzed and designed for different applications.
An automatic real-time geomagnetic activity monitoring system for the mad and adjacent frequency bands (1988)

A digital signal processing system for the measurement and monitoring of fluctuations of the Earth's magnetic field with frequencies in the range 0. 01-10 Hz, i.e., predominantly in the ultra-low frequency range (ULF; f somewhat 5 Hz), is described. It operates automatically under the control of a small computer and it generates indices by computing the logarithm of the average power in the frequency bands of interest, including in particular the band used for magnetic anomaly detection (MAD). The indices appear to be positively dependent on the geomagnetic latitude of the measurement site. Some of the indices, including some of those for the MAD band, have a well defined diurnal variation, whereas others have little or no such in a single day, illustrating the desirability of active monitoring. Our interpretation of the measurements suggest that the diurnal and other variations could be even larger at higher latitudes. There is little correlation between time variations of our indices and variations of the standard three-hour range index to match those in some of our indices, since Kp was intended to be a planetary index and it is constructed in such a way that it has essentially no 24-hour variation. Linear prediction techniques can be used effectively to predict our indices for up to 24 hours ahead. Keywords: ULF submarine detection.
Development of a Multi-channel System for Intrinsic Cardiac Neural Recording (2006)

Recent clinical evidence suggests that abnormal neural input can contribute to the onset perpetuation of atrial arrhythmias, such that neural elements have become potential targets for ablation. A better understanding of the influence of the cardiac autonomous nervous system is required to improve therapy. We have developed a multi-channel system to record neural activity simultaneously at different intra and pericardiac locations. The paper presents the specific requirements to be met for recording neuronal extracellular potentials in these repertoires of neurons and the solutions that were adopted.
Solid Phase Extraction for Evaluation of Occupational Exposure to Pb (II) Using XAD-4 Sorbent Prior to Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (2007)

Lead is an important constituent widely used in different industrial processes. For evaluation of workers' exposure to trace toxic metal of Pb (II), solid-phase extraction (SPE) was optimized. SPE using mini columns filled with XAD-4 resin was developed with regard to sample pH, ligand concentration, loading flow rate, elution solvent, sample volume, elution volume, the amount of resins, and sample matrix interferences. Lead ions were retained on a solid sorbent and then eluted, followed by a simple determination of analytes with flame atomic absorption spectrometery. The obtained recoveries of metal ions were greater than 92%. This method was validated with 3 different pools of spiked urine samples; it showed a good reproducibility over 6 consecutive days as well as 6 within-day experiments. This optimized method can be considered successful in simplifying sample preparation for a trace residue analysis of lead in different matrices when evaluating occupational and environmental exposures is required.
Spreadsheet Implementation Technology: Basics and Extensions (2014)

A guide to innovative spreadsheet implementation technology, accompanied by a free software platform for experimentation.
Interplay between the Physical Properties of Athabasca Bitumen + Diluent Mixtures and Coke Deposition on a Commercial Hydroprocessing Catalyst (2008)

Bulk and nanoscale physical properties of mixtures comprising Athabasca bitumen, its subfractions, and diluents such as n-dodecane, n-decane, and 1-methylnaphthalene affect coke deposition on a commercial, nanoporous, hydrotreating catalyst (NiMo/γ-Al2O3). The interplay among properties at diverse length scales is complex and coking outcomes can appear counterintuitive. For example, in this work we show that dilution of Athabasca bitumen with n-dodecane (a poor physical solvent) reduces coke deposition on catalyst pellets vis-à-vis dilution with 1-methylnaphthalene (a good physical solvent), whereas we show a counter example for Athabasca vacuum residue + n-decane and 1-methylnaphthalene mixtures at the same temperature. Here, we reconcile such findings and link them to mixture properties at the macroscopic scale (the number, nature, and composition of phases present), the nanoscale (asphaltene nanoaggregation within phases) and the molecular scale (hydrogen solubility by phase). We also show that dilution of these feedstocks with n-dodecane and 1-methylnaphthalene enhances vanadium deposition selectivity in a commercial catalyst relative to the feeds. Results such as these underscore the need for the explicit incorporation of physical phenomena in the development of coke deposition models.
Effects of the catalyst system on the crystallization of polypropylene* (1999)

In search of a better understanding of catalyst effects on final product qualities of polypropylene, an attempt was made to establish a correlation between catalyst type, polymer chain structure of homopolymers, crystallization behavior, as well as final morphology and mechanical properties. Conventional Ziegler–Natta catalyst systems as well as novel metallocene catalysts were investigated, and influences of molar mass distribution and chain regularity were investigated as separate factors. Metallocene-based isotactic polypropylene shows some special effects regarding the nucleation density and the correlation between stereoregularity and mechanics that do not fit into the general picture for Ziegler–Natta catalyst based products. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 73: 2507–2515, 1999
High resolution magnetic resonance imaging of retinoblastoma (2003)

The new MRI technique is of limited value in visualisation of prelaminar or postlaminar infiltration of the optic nerve. Advanced choroidal infiltration might be visualised by contrast enhanced T1 weighted MRI scans, but the available spatial resolution did not allow the exclusion this critical form of tumour growth by MRI scans. Nevertheless, high resolution MRI with the new surface coil has superior contrast and spatial resolution compared to computed tomograph (CT) or other available imaging techniques. MRI cannot replace CT in detecting tumour calcification but with increasing experience with this new technique it should be possible to renounce CT scans in the majority of cases of retinoblastoma.
A DCM for resting state fMRI (2013)

This technical note introduces a dynamic causal model (DCM) for resting state fMRI time series based upon observed functional connectivity--as measured by the cross spectra among different brain regions. This DCM is based upon a deterministic model that generates predicted crossed spectra from a biophysically plausible model of coupled neuronal fluctuations in a distributed neuronal network or graph. Effectively, the resulting scheme finds the best effective connectivity among hidden neuronal states that explains the observed functional connectivity among haemodynamic responses. This is because the cross spectra contain all the information about (second order) statistical dependencies among regional dynamics. In this note, we focus on describing the model, its relationship to existing measures of directed and undirected functional connectivity and establishing its face validity using simulations. In subsequent papers, we will evaluate its construct validity in relation to stochastic DCM and its predictive validity in Parkinson's and Huntington's disease.
Propofol: A Novel Treatment for Breaking Migraine Headache (2007)

Valley Anesthesiology Consultants, Ltd, Phoenix, Arizona. jbloomstone@cox.netA small number of open-label trials1,2and case reports3,4support the use of intravenous propofol in subanesthetic doses for the management of chronic severe intractable migraine headache. The largest of these, which included 77 patients, reported an average reduction in headache intensity of 95.4%. In this study, 63 of 77 patients reported complete resolution of headache symptoms after receiving 120 mg of propofol delivered over 30 min.We report the case of a 54-yr-old woman who was admitted to the hospital with 2 weeks of severe, intractable migraine headache, complicated by severe hemicranial pain, photophobia, phonophobia, and a new left eyelid droop. After completing a full neurologic work-up, which was negative, the patient was diagnosed with status migrainous. Multiple medications, including gabapentin, pregabalin, sumatriptan, carisoprodol, promethazine, ketorolac tromethamine, and morphine sulfate, were all attempted with limited success.Our anesthesiology service was consulted by the patient’s neurologist for a subanesthetic trial of propofol, as reported by Krusz et al .1On the visual analog scale of 0-10, the patient reported a score of 6 for frontal head-pain and experienced significant photophobia just before the injection of propofol. She then received 20 mg IV every 5 min to a maximum of 120 mg over 30 min. Within 5 min, the patient’s pain scale score decreased to 5. By 20 min (80 mg), she reported a score of 2 and stated that she could not remember the last time she felt this good. By 30 min (120 mg), she reported a pain score of 0 and commented that she could remove her dark glasses without any photophobia and that her headache was gone. Five hours later, and after 5 days in the hospital, the patient was discharged home without pain.Although existing studies are small, this case report, in conjunction with smaller studies reported elsewhere, supports the use of propofol in subanesthetic doses for the treatment of severe migraine headache. These observations also suggest the involvement of the γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor in the etiology of migraine headaches. It seems that a large-scale trial to examine the efficacy of propofol, at least for acute headache control, is warranted.Valley Anesthesiology Consultants, Ltd, Phoenix, Arizona. jbloomstone@cox.net
Data analysis with the DIANA meta-scheduling approach (2008)

The concepts, design and evaluation of the Data Intensive and Network Aware (DIANA) meta-scheduling approach for solving the challenges of data analysis being faced by CERN experiments are discussed in this paper. Our results suggest that data analysis can be made robust by employing fault tolerant and decentralized meta-scheduling algorithms supported in our DIANA meta-scheduler. The DIANA meta-scheduler supports data intensive bulk scheduling, is network aware and follows a policy centric meta-scheduling. In this paper, we demonstrate that a decentralized and dynamic meta-scheduling approach is an effective strategy to cope with increasing numbers of users, jobs and datasets. We present 'quality of service' related statistics for physics analysis through the application of a policy centric fair-share scheduling model. The DIANA meta-schedulers create a peer-to-peer hierarchy of schedulers to accomplish resource management that changes with evolving loads and is dynamic and adapts to the volatile nature of the resources.
Engineering of Nanoemulsions for Drug Delivery (2005)

Nanoemulsions, usually spherical, are a group of dispersed particles used for pharmaceutical and biomedical aids and vehicles that show great promise for the future of cosmetics, diagnostics, drug therapies and biotechnologies. They exist in a wide variety of forms that are dictated by the particle components. Nanoemulsions are generally considered to be in the size range of less than and around 100 nm in diameter. The particles can exist as water-in-oil and oil-in-water forms, where the core of the particle is either water or oil, respectively. More complex variations also exist but these are often larger. The longer-term properties of the particle are dependent on the composition of the adsorbed material lying at the dispersed droplet interface with the dispersion medium. This has an impact on the partitioning and extraction of droplet contents. Thermodynamically stable particles are characterized by having a very low surface tension and this produces a very large surface area. Nanoemulsions can also include small meta-stable very small-scale emulsions; here the surface properties and chemistry can strongly influence behaviour. Processing, storage and formulation composition can also have an impact on the longevity of a pharmaceutical preparation. Some revolutionary new nanoemulsion droplets based on fluorinated compounds are finding a number of widespread biomedical roles and applications. Developments in nanoemulsion technology are likely to lead to a much greater use of this medium in future pharmaceuticals.
Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of a human cDNA (NQO2) corresponding to a second member of the NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase gene family. Extensive polymorphism at the NQO2 gene locus on chromosome 6 (1990)

NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductases (NQOs) are flavoproteins that catalyze the oxidation of NADH or NADPH by various quinones and oxidation-reduction dyes. We have previously described a complementary DNA that encodes a dioxin-inducible cytosolic form of human NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1). In the present report we describe the nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence for a cDNA clone that is likely to encode a second form of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO2) which was isolated by screening a human liver cDNA library by hybridization with a NQO1 cDNA probe. The NQO2 cDNA is 976 nucleotides long and encodes a protein of 231 amino acids (Mr = 25,956). The human NQO2 cDNA and protein are 54% and 49% similar to human liver cytosolic NQO1 cDNA and protein, respectively. COS1 cells transfected with NQO2 cDNA showed a 5-7-fold increase in NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase activity as compared to nontransfected cells when either 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol or menadione was used as substrate. Western blot analysis of the expressed NQO1 and NQO2 cDNA proteins showed cross-reactivity with rat NQO1 antiserum, indicating that NQO1 and NQO2 proteins are immunologically related. Northern blot analysis shows the presence of one NQO2 mRNA of 1.2 kb in control and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) treated human hepatoblastoma Hep-G2 cells and that TCDD treatment does not lead to enhanced levels of NQO2 mRNA as it does for NQO1 mRNA. Southern blot analysis of human genomic DNA suggests the presence of a single gene approximately 14-17 kb in length. The NQO2 gene locus is highly polymorphic as indicated by several restriction fragment length polymorphisms detected with five different restriction enzymes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Study of swelling in two new ion exchange membranes (1965)

Abstract The synthesis of two new ion‐exchange membranes is presented. These are a partially sulfonated polystyrenesulfonic acid resin and an interpolymer system composed of sulfonated polystyrene–divinylbenzene polymerized within a poly(vinylidene fluoride) matrix. Each of these systems allows control of ion exchange capacity and physical properties over a wide range. The second is especially useful, in that ion‐exchange capacity and swelling characteristics may be controlled independently. It also has the distinct advantage of giving a clear, flexible film even with high crosslinking. On the basis of certain simplifying assumptions an equation is derived which permits approximate calculation from equilibrium water uptake data of an elastic constant which measures the resistance of the membrane to swelling forces. Equilibrium water content data for the two membrane systems are treated with this equation and analyzed in terms of internal structure.
Advances in Androgen Receptor Targeted Therapy for Prostate Cancer (2013)

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer death in men. Current research findings suggest that the androgen receptor (AR) and its signaling pathway contribute significantly to the progression of metastatic PCa. The AR is a ligand activated transcription factor, where androgens such as testosterone (T) and dihydroxytestosterone (DHT) act as the activating ligands. However in many metastatic PCa, the AR functions promiscuously and is constitutively active through multiple mechanisms. Inhibition of enzymes that take part in androgen synthesis or synthesizing antiandrogens that can inhibit the AR are two popular methods of impeding the androgen receptor signaling axis; however, the inhibition of androgen-independent activated AR function has not yet been fully exploited. This article focuses on the development of emerging novel agents that act at different steps along the androgen-AR signaling pathway to help improve the poor prognosis of PCa patients.
Noninvasive Detection of Glutamate Predicts Survival in Pediatric Medulloblastoma (2014)

The identification of glutamate as a predictive biomarker of survival in pediatric medulloblastoma provides a clinically viable risk factor and highlights the importance of more detailed studies into the metabolism of this disease. Noninvasive biomarker detection using MRS may offer improved disease monitoring and potential for widespread use following multicenter validation.
The isoprenoid pathway and transcriptional response to its inhibitors in the yeast<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2009)

This review presents new insights into the regulation of the isoprenoid pathway in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in particular the short-term transcriptional response to two inhibitors, lovastatin and zaragozic acid (ZA). Whereas lovastatin blocks whole isoprenoid pathway, ZA only blocks the sterol branch. Consequently, their effects on the cellular level of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) are different. Lovastatin decreases the FPP level, whereas ZA, by inhibiting the main FPP-consuming enzyme, increases FPP availability in the cell. We discuss the role of genes whose expression is affected by both inhibitors and consider possible association of these genes with the regulation of the isoprenoid pathway.
(FeCo)<sub>3</sub>Si–SiO<sub><i>x</i></sub>core–shell nanoparticles fabricated in the gas phase (2007)

A method of fabricating core?shell nanoparticles by using an integrated nanoparticle deposition technique in the gas phase is reported. The principle of the method is based on nanoparticle growth from the vapour phase, during which elements showing lower surface energies prefer to form the shells and elements showing higher surface energies prefer to stay in the cores. This method was applied successfully to the Fe?Co?Si ternary system to fabricate core?shell-type nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were exposed in air after collection to achieve oxidation. The analysis results based on transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) showed that the core parts are magnetic materials of body-centred cubic (bcc) structured (FeCo)3Si of 15?nm in diameter, and the shell parts are amorphous SiOx of 2?nm in thickness. These core?shell-type nanoparticles show a magnetic anisotropy constant of about 7 ? 105?erg?cm?3 and a saturation magnetization of around 1160?emu?cm?3, which is much higher than that of iron oxide. After annealing at 300 ??C in air, (FeCo)3Si?SiOx core?shell-type nanoparticles showed a little bit of a drop in magnetic moment, while pure FeCo nanopariticles totally lost their magnetic moment. This means that the shells of SiOx are dense enough to prevent the magnetic cores from oxidation.
A plasma cell differentiation quality control ablates B cell clones with biallelic Ig rearrangements and truncated Ig production (2015)

Aberrantly rearranged immunoglobulin (Ig) alleles are frequent. They are usually considered sterile and innocuous as a result of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. However, alternative splicing can yield internally deleted proteins from such nonproductively V(D)J-rearranged loci. We show that nonsense codons from variable (V) Igκ exons promote exon-skipping and synthesis of V domain-less κ light chains (ΔV-κLCs). Unexpectedly, such ΔV-κLCs inhibit plasma cell (PC) differentiation. Accordingly, in wild-type mice, rearrangements encoding ΔV-κLCs are rare in PCs, but frequent in B cells. Likewise, enforcing expression of ΔV-κLCs impaired PC differentiation and antibody responses without disturbing germinal center reactions. In addition, PCs expressing ΔV-κLCs synthesize low levels of Ig and are mostly found among short-lived plasmablasts. ΔV-κLCs have intrinsic toxic effects in PCs unrelated to Ig assembly, but mediated by ER stress-associated apoptosis, making PCs producing ΔV-κLCs highly sensitive to proteasome inhibitors. Altogether, these findings demonstrate a quality control checkpoint blunting terminal PC differentiation by eliminating those cells expressing nonfunctionally rearranged Igκ alleles. This truncated Ig exclusion (TIE) checkpoint ablates PC clones with ΔV-κLCs production and exacerbated ER stress response. The TIE checkpoint thus mediates selection of long-lived PCs with limited ER stress supporting high Ig secretion, but with a cost in terms of antigen-independent narrowing of the repertoire.