gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Superabsorbent hydrogel based on modified polysaccharide for removal of Pb<sup>2+</sup> and Cu<sup>2+</sup> from water with excellent performance (2007)

Abstract This contribution describes the absorption percentage of Pb 2+ and Cu 2+ from water by a superabsorbent hydrogel matrix (SH) made from an anionic polysaccharide copolymerized with acrylic acid (AAc) and acrylamide (AAm). Metal‐absorption tests, upon sequential pH variation, indicated that the SH has pH‐sensitivity for the absorption of both metals from solution, attributed to the functional ionic groups (COOH) present in the AAc and arabic gum (AG) segments. At the pH 5.0, the SH exhibited good absorption capacity: 73.10% for Pb 2+ , 81.99% for Cu 2+ in water and 63.64% for Pb 2+ , and 76.67% for Cu 2+ in saline water with 0.1 mol kg −1 ionic strength. A replicated 2 2 full factorial design with a central point was built to evaluate the maximum absorption capacity of the metals into the SH. It was found that both the interaction and main effects of the pH and the initial concentration of metal solution on absorption percentage of the metals were statistically significant. Surface response plots indicated that the absorption capacity of both metals into the SH may be appreciably improved by using the solutions with lower initial concentration of metal and with higher pH values. Metal‐absorption results demonstrated that the SH is a convenient material for absorption of Pb 2+ and Cu 2+ from pure aqueous and saline aqueous environments. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
High mutation rate of a spleen necrosis virus-based retrovirus vector. (1986)

Spleen necrosis virus (SNV) is an avian retrovirus that efficiently infects some mammalian cells (e.g., dog and rat cells). We constructed an SNV-based vector, which contains less than 1 kilobase (kb) of the retrovirus sequence, and a number of derivatives containing selectable markers. We obtained high-titer virus stocks, over 10(6) transforming units per ml, with a vector whose genomic RNA consists of 1,850 bases (full-length SNV RNA is 7.7 kb). We also studied two vectors that both carry two genes which should be expressed from a single promoter, one gene from unspliced mRNA and the other gene from spliced mRNA. In one vector, both genes were efficiently expressed as expected. However, in the other vector, expression of the gene 3' to the splice acceptor was inhibited. When we selected for expression of the 3' gene is this latter case, we found that the resistant cells contained mutant proviruses in which the 3' gene could be expressed. Furthermore, we found that mutations were generated during a single round of virus replication (provirus to provirus) at a rate of approximately 0.5% mutations per cycle.
Two Techniques for Assessing Virtual Agent Personality (2015)

Personality can be assessed with standardized inventory questions with scaled responses such as “How extraverted is this character?” or with open-ended questions assessing first impressions, such as “What personality does this character convey?” Little is known about how the two methods compare to each other, and even less is known about their use in the personality assessment of virtual agents. We tested what personality virtual agents conveyed through gesture alone when the agents were programmed to display introversion versus extraversion (Experiment 1) and high versus low emotional stability (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, both measures indicated participants perceived the extraverted agent as extraverted, but the open-question technique highlighted the perception of both agents as highly agreeable whereas the inventory indicated that the extraverted agents were also perceived as more open to new experiences. In Experiment 2, participants perceived agents expressing high versus low emotional stability differently depending on assessment style. With inventory questions, the agents differed on both emotional stability and agreeableness. With the open-ended question, participants perceived the high stability agent as extraverted and the low stability agent as disagreeable. Inventory and open-ended questions provide different information about what personality virtual agents convey and both may be useful in agent development.
Freezing Effects on Quality, Bacteriology and Retail‐Case Life of Pork (1991)

ABSTRACT Freezing effects (−30°C, 90 days) on objective measures of muscle quality, bacterial growth and retail case life of thawed pale, soft, exudative, normal and dark, firm, dry pork were determined. Small but significant interactions (P lt; 0.05) did not interfere with interpretation of quality group and storage treatment effects. Frozen/thawed loin chops had slightly but significantly (P < 0.05) higher pH, less expressible juice, more soluble protein and darker color than fresh pork. The lag phase of bacterial growth was shorter in frozen/thawed pork, while the generation time was unaffected (P > 0.05). Freezing/ thawing significantly (P < 0.05) reduced case life due to appearance of chops but did not affect time for spoilage odors to develop.
Bonsai: A compact representation of trees (1993)

Abstract This paper shows how trees can be stored in a very compact form, called ‘Bonsai’, using hash tables. A method is described that is suitable for large trees that grow monotonically within a predefined maximum size limit. Using it, pointers in any tree can be represented within 6 + [log 2 n ] bits per node where n is the maximum number of children a node can have. We first describe a general way of storing trees in hash tables, and then introduce the idea of compact hashing which underlies the Bonsai structure. These two techniques are combined to give a compact representation of trees, and a practical methodology is set out to permit the design of these structures. The new representation is compared with two conventional tree implementations in terms of the storage required per node. Examples of programs that must store large trees within a strict maximum size include those that operate on trie structures derived from natural language text. We describe how the Bonsai technique has been applied to the trees that arise in text compression and adaptive prediction, and include a discussion of the design parameters that work well in practice.
Amidrazones. II. Tautomerism and alkylation studies (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmidrazones. II. Tautomerism and alkylation studiesRichard F. Smith, Donald S. Johnson, Rebecca A. Abgott, and Michael J. MaddenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 7, 1344–1348Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00947a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00947a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views143Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Wireless Power Transfer to Miniature Implants: Transmitter Optimization (2012)

This paper examines transmitter optimization for wirelessly powering a small implant embedded in tissue. The wireless link between the transmitter and receiver is first modeled as a two-port network and an expression for the power transfer efficiency derived. For a given small receiver in a multilayer tissue model, the transmitter is abstracted as a sheet of magnetic current density for which the optimal distribution is analytically found. The optimal transmitter is compared to the point and uniform source across a range of frequencies. At higher frequencies, the optimal current distribution is shown to induce fields that exhibit focusing. The effects of constructive and destructive interference substantially improves the power transfer efficiency and reinforces operation in the low GHz-range. The optimal transmitter establishes an upper bound on the power transfer efficiency for a given implant and provides insight on the design of the optimal transmit antenna.
Design, Synthesis, and Structure—Activity Relationships of Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidines: A Novel Class of Potent Enterovirus Inhibitors. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Identification and Analysis of the Biosynthetic Gene Cluster Encoding the Thiopeptide Antibiotic Cyclothiazomycin in <i>Streptomyces hygroscopicus</i> 10-22 (2010)

Thiopeptide antibiotics are an important class of natural products resulting from posttranslational modifications of ribosomally synthesized peptides. Cyclothiazomycin is a typical thiopeptide antibiotic that has a unique bridged macrocyclic structure derived from an 18-amino-acid structural peptide. Here we reported cloning, sequencing, and heterologous expression of the cyclothiazomycin biosynthetic gene cluster from Streptomyces hygroscopicus 10-22. Remarkably, successful heterologous expression of a 22.7-kb gene cluster in Streptomyces lividans 1326 suggested that there is a minimum set of 15 open reading frames that includes all of the functional genes required for cyclothiazomycin production. Six genes of these genes, cltBCDEFG flanking the structural gene cltA, were predicted to encode the enzymes required for the main framework of cyclothiazomycin, and two enzymes encoded by a putative operon, cltMN, were hypothesized to participate in the tailoring step to generate the tertiary thioether, leading to the final cyclization of the bridged macrocyclic structure. This rigorous bioinformatics analysis based on heterologous expression of cyclothiazomycin resulted in an ideal biosynthetic model for us to understand the biosynthesis of thiopeptides.
Humble Oil Company Radiocarbon Dates II (1957)

93MetricsTotal Downloads9Last 6 Months1Last 12 Months2Total Citations3Last 6 Months0Last 12 Months0View all metrics
DISCUSSION. CONSTRUCTION OF HARBOUR WORKS ON THE RIVER TAGUS, PORTUGAL. WORKS CONSTRUCTION DIVISION. (1950)

Keywords CONSTRUCTION, HARBOURS, WORKS, BLOCKS, FOUNDATIONS, LOCKS, CAISSONS, CONCRETE, DREDGING TAGUS RIVER, TRANMERE, DOVER PORTUGAL, UK... Show All
Microbiology of Human Skin (1975)

This slim volume succinctly summarizes a massive bibliography and personal experience in human cutaneous microbiology. Its arrival will stimulate future research. Previously the neophyte had difficulty because, with the exception of two books complementary to this, the literature was widely dispersed (over dozens of journals and decades) so no simple pathway to a basic education existed. The book is divided into three sections, aiding the directed reader. The first section briefly reviews skin anatomy and physiology, followed by a masterful presentation on nutrient factors on and in the skin and the concept of resident and transient flora and their relationship to factors controlling microbial growth on skin. The second section details the microbial inhabitants of the skin. Here the reader will find a delineation of the major facts on corynebacteria, streptococci, micrococci, etc. The third section deals with skin ecology, including the microbiology of specialized anatomic sites, host factors and
Elimination reactions of alkanesulfenyl derivatives: effect of structure on reactivity in thioketone-forming eliminations of diarylmethyl thiosulfonates (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElimination reactions of alkanesulfenyl derivatives: effect of structure on reactivity in thioketone-forming eliminations of diarylmethyl thiosulfonatesJohn L. Kice and Ludmilla WeclasCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 1, 32–39Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1985https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00201a007Request reuse permissionsArticle Views200Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (916 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mechanism of Domain Closure of Sec7 Domains and Role in BFA Sensitivity (2002)

Activation of small G proteins of the Arf family is initiated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors whose catalytic Sec7 domain stimulates the dissociation of the tightly bound GDP nucleotide. The exchange reaction involves distinct sequential steps that can be trapped by the noncompetitive inhibitor brefeldin A, by mutation of an invariant catalytic glutamate, or by removal of guanine nucleotides. Arf-GDP retains most characteristics of its GDP-bound form at the initial low-affinity Arf-GDP-Sec7 step. It then undergoes large conformational changes toward its GTP-bound form at the next step, and eventually dissociates GDP to form a nucleotide-free high-affinity Arf-Sec7 complex at the last step. Thus, Arf proteins evolve through different conformations that must be accommodated by Sec7 domains in the course of the reaction. Here the contribution of the flexibility of Sec7 domains to the exchange reaction was investigated with the crystal structure of the unbound Sec7 domain of yeast Gea2. Comparison with Gea2 in complex with nucleotide-free Arf1 Delta 17 [Goldberg, J. (1998) Cell 95, 237-248] reveals that Arf induces closure of the two subdomains that form the sides of its active site. Several residues that determine sensitivity to brefeldin A are involved in interdomain and local movements, pointing to the importance of the flexibility of Sec7 domains for the inhibition mechanism. Altogether, this suggests a model for the initial steps of the exchange reaction where Arf docks onto the C-terminal domain of the Sec7 domain before closure of the N-terminal domain positions the catalytic glutamate to complete the reaction.
Albedo of forest with crown snow. (1996)

森林において,アルベードや降雪量等を測定し,次の結果を得た.(1)冠雪のない森林のアルベードは,太陽高度が低いほど大きく,雲が多いほど小さい.(2)冠雪時の森林のアルベードは森林面積に占める冠雪の面積比の増加とともに上昇するが,この関係は線形的ではない.また,今回の測定では,冠雪時でも森林のアルベートが0.4以上になることはなかった.(3)冠雪の面積比は,降雪後の時間とともに,気温や風速に依存して指数関数的に低下する.降雪後,冠雪の面積比が1/eになるまでの時間は,気温が0℃以下のときは半日,0℃以上のときは1～5時間である.ただし,その低下は強風時に早まり,降雨による氷結により遅くなる.(4)樹冠による降雪遮断量は,常緑樹では樹冠密閉率が高いほど多いが,落葉樹では樹冠密閉率による差はみられなかった.
Setting a New Industry Standard that Accomodates Robotics (1996)

The Society of Biomolecular Screening Proposes New Design Standards for one of the Industry's Most Used Tools - the 96-Well Plate.
The type 2 vascular endothelial growth factor receptor recruits insulin receptor substrate-1 in its signalling pathway (2002)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) isoforms exert their biological effects through receptors that possess intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity. Whether VEGF binding to its receptors recruits insulin receptor substrate (IRS) family of docking proteins to the receptor is not known. Following incubation of mouse kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells with VEGF, we observed an increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins, including one of approximately 200 kDa, suggesting possible regulation of phosphorylation of IRS proteins. VEGF augmented tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 in kidney epithelial cells and rat heart endothelial cells in a time-dependent manner. In the epithelial cells, association of IRS-1 with type 2 VEGF receptor was promoted by VEGF. VEGF also increased association of IRS-1 with the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase), and PI 3-kinase activity in IRS-1 immunoprecipitates was increased in VEGF-treated cells. Incubation of epithelial cells with antisense IRS-1 oligonucleotide, but not sense oligonucleotide, reduced expression of the protein and VEGF-induced PI 3-kinase activity in IRS-1 immunoprecipitates. Additionally, VEGF-induced protein synthesis was also impaired by antisense but not sense IRS-1 oligonucleotide. These data provide the first evidence that binding of VEGF to its type 2 receptor promotes association of IRS-1 with the receptor complex. This association may account for some of the increase in VEGF-induced PI 3-kinase activity, and the increase in de novo protein synthesis seen in renal epithelial cells.
Preprocessing framework for Twitter bot detection (2017)

One of the important problems in social media platforms like Twitter is the large number of social bots or sybil accounts which are controlled by automated agents, generally used for malicious activities. These include directing more visitors to certain websites which can be considered as spam, influence a community on a specific topic, spread misinformation, recruit people to illegal organizations, manipulating people for stock market actions, and blackmailing people to spread their private information by the power of these accounts. Consequently, social bot detection is of great importance to keep people safe from these harmful effects. In this study, we approach the social bot detection on Twitter as a supervised classification problem and use machine learning algorithms after extensive data preprocessing and feature extraction operations. Large number of features are extracted by analysis of Twitter user accounts for posted tweets, profile information and temporal behaviors. In order to obtain labeled data, we use accounts that are suspended by Twitter with the assumption that majority of these are social bot accounts. Our results demonstrate that our framework can distinguish between bot and normal accounts with reasonable accuracy.
Selective MOVPE growth and its applications to optical devices (2002)

Selective metalorganic vapor phase epitaxial growth of InGaAsP/InP structures on mask-patterned planar InP substrates was studied. Ridge structures with widths around 2 /spl mu/m were selectively formed on open stripe regions between pairs of mask stripes. For such narrow regions, not only lateral gas phase diffusion but also surface migration contribute to enhanced growth rate compared to growth on unmasked wafers. The surface migration processes of metalorganic species were investigated to obtain flat top surfaces in the ridge structures. Selectively grown InGaAs/InGaAsP MQW structures with flat interfaces were obtained. Composition shifts in selectively grown InGaAs layers provided an additional bandgap energy shift in thickness-modulated InGaAs quantum wells. A shift as large as 200 nm in the photoluminescence peak wavelength was obtained for simultaneously grown multiple quantum well ridge structures while maintaining flat interfaces.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Simple and rapid collision detection using multiple viewing volumes (2004)

Collision detection is required by most virtual reality (VR) applications, and in recent years, collision detection algorithms utilizing graphics hardware capabilities have been attracting the interests of the VR community. In this paper, we present a novel approach to detecting interferences between a convex model and a model of arbitrary geometry with commercially available graphics hardware. The approach first defines six viewing volumes through the bounding box of the convex model, then renders the two models within the defined viewing volumes respectively. The results of collision detection can simply be obtained by querying occlusions between the rendered models in the image space. The approach has been implemented and several scenarios have been tested. Experimental results have been given and compared with other typical collision detection algorithms.
Arc Suppression of a DC Energized Contactor under Inductive Load (1985)

Arc suppression of a dc energized contactor is presented. A circuit is developed to operate the contactor at zero voltage crossing for contact closure and at zero current crossing for contact opening under inductive load. A self-learning feature of contactor characteristics is also provided in the circuit such that the device can be adaptable to any dc energized contactor without discrimination.
ChemInform Abstract: ANTI‐INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI‐ARRHYTHMIC ACTIVITIES OF 1‐(ALKANOYLPHENOXY THIOPHENOXY)‐3‐(N4‐PHENYLPIPERAZINYL)PROPANES (1978)

Abstract Kondensation der Phenole (I) mit dem Chlorpropan (II) liefert die Verbindungen (III).
An unusual dearomatized adduct formed by reaction of 4'-fluoro-4-(acetylamino)biphenyl N-sulfate with deoxyadenosine (1991)

The sulfate ester of the liver carcinogen N-hydroxy-4'-fluoro-4-(acetylamino)biphenyl (FAABP-N-sulfate) is believed to be a reactive intermediate in the male rat liver in vivo. After reaction of FAABP-N-sulfate with double-stranded calf thymus DNA in vitro, 30% of the adducts was identified as N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-4'-fluoro-4-(acetylamino)biphenyl(dG-C8- FAABP) and 16% was suggested to be 3-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-4'-fluoro-4-(acetylamino)biphenyl. To investigate the identity of the remaining adducts, FAABP-N-sulfate was reacted with deoxyadenosine. Two adducts could be isolated, which were identified by 1H NMR and mass spectrometry as 3-(deoxyadenosin-N6-yl)-4'-fluoro-4-(acetylamino)biphenyl (3-dA-N6-FAABP) and -(deoxyadenosin-N6-yl)-4'-fluoro-4-(acetylimino)-3, 4-dihydrobiphenyl (3-dA-N6-FHAIBP). An additional center of chirality is introduced at C3 (biphenyl) in the latter adduct. Therefore, 3-dA-N6-FHAIPB exists as a pair of two diastereomers with H-3 (biphenyl) in the alpha or beta position. Hydrogen bonding between the proton on N6 (adenine) and the imine nitrogen or the acetylimino oxygen is suggested to stabilize 3-dA-N6-FHAIBP and to prevent its conversion to 3-dA-N6-FAABP by restoration of the aromatic system. The adduct 3-dA-N6-FHAIBP was also formed in the reaction of N-OSO3H-FAABP with DNA; it accounted for 3-6% of total covalent binding.