gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Plant Cell-Wall-Degrading Enzymes and Lactic Acid Bacteria on Silage Fermentation and Composition (1991)

We investigated the effect of cellwalldegrading enzymes and a bacterial inoculant on silage fermentation and composition. Under optimal conditions
Peripheral Nerve Injury and TRPV1-Expressing Primary Afferent C-Fibers Cause Opening of the Blood-Brain Barrier (2010)

We have discovered that injury to a peripheral nerve and electrical stimulation of C-fibers each cause an increase in the permeability of the BSCB and the BBB. The increase in permeability is delayed in onset, peaks at about 24 hours and is dependent upon action potential propagation. As the increase is mimicked by applying capsaicin to the nerve, the most parsimonious explanation for our findings is that the increase in permeability is mediated by activation of TRPV1-expressing primary sensory neurons. Our findings may be relevant to the development of pain and neuroplastic changes in the CNS following nerve injury. In addition, our findings may provide the basis for developing methods to purposefully open the BBB when needed to increase brain penetration of therapeutic agents that might normally be excluded by an intact BBB.
Emitted doses of salbutamol pressurized metered‐dose inhaler from five different plastic spacer devices (2000)

In a recent clinical study we have demonstrated that the bronchodilator effect of 200 microg salbutamol (Ventoline) was spacer device-dependent in 100 tested asthmatic children, with the Babyhaler providing greater efficacy for improving peak expiratory flow rate compared to Aeroscopic, Nebuhaler, Aerochamber and Volumatic. The aim of this present study was to correlate our clinical results to in vitro determinations of the emitted dose (ED) of Ventoline administered via these five different plastic spacer devices. ED was determined from the mean of single doses collected in unit dose sampling tubes using a constant suction flow of 28.3 L/min. Three pressurized metered-dose inhalers and three sets of spacer devices were used to obtain a total of 30 measurements per group. Inter-group results were compared by RM-ANOVA or Student-Newman-Keuls method when indicated. Babyhaler delivered significantly (P < 0.05) more salbutamol than Nebuhaler, Aerochamber and Aeroscopic (mean +/- standard deviation: 63.6 +/- 2.9 microg/100 microg actuation for Babyhaler vs. 59.4 +/- 8.6 for Nebuhaler, 50.8 +/- 5.0 for Aerochamber and 47.5 + 2.5 for Aeroscopic). The ED from Volumatic (61.5 +/- 7.9 microg/100 microg actuation) was similar to that from the Babyhaler. The variability in the ED was greatest with the large volume spacers. Despite a greater ED from the Babyhaler, in vitro results do not fully explain the in vivo results. However, the previously described clinical improvement seen with the Babyhaler may be due to the quantitatively different aerosol production in a more 'useful' size range, as well as the different breathing patterns of the children tested. The results of this present study question the relevance of mouthpiece filter collection studies using a constant sampling in predicting clinical or physiological outcomes.
Integriertes numerisches System für Entwurf und Fertigung von Komponenten von Strömungsmaschinen (1987)

Article Integriertes numerisches System für Entwurf und Fertigung von Komponenten von Strömungsmaschinen was published on January 1, 1987 in the journal Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb (volume 82, issue 1).
Stability of an N-loop ensemble-reference phase control system (1977)

This correspondence demonstrates a closed-form, linearized solution of the general N-element adaptive optics system in terms of the feedback parameters of the separate control loops. It is shown that the stability of the Nth-order loop is nearly identical with that of the separate (decoupled) loops.
Customer-oriented product engineering of micro and nano devices (2010)

This paper discusses novel customer-oriented micro device product engineering methodology based on a real sample design of MEMS inertial sensor. The methodology supports multi-site product development. Virtual prototyping on a sample rapid virtual wafer run with extended customer support and feedback are also discussed along with presentation of selected set of software tools involved. Visualization and verification with the real process of the MEMS inertial sensor fabrication is also presented.
Use of propranolol in infantile haemangiomas: report of five cases and review of the literature. (2011)

Infantile haemangiomas are common benign tumours that do not require treatment unless they cause significant functional impairment or disfigurement. We report our experience with the off-label use of propranolol in 5 children with haemangiomas and review the relevant literature.
Folks in Folksonomies: Social Link Prediction from Shared Metadata (2010)

Web 2.0 applications have attracted a considerable amount of attention because their open-ended nature allows users to create light-weight semantic scaffolding to organize and share content. To date, the interplay of the social and semantic components of social media has been only partially explored. Here we focus on Flickr and Last.fm, two social media systems in which we can relate the tagging activity of the users with an explicit representation of their social network. We show that a substantial level of local lexical and topical alignment is observable among users who lie close to each other in the social network. We introduce a null model that preserves user activity while removing local correlations, allowing us to disentangle the actual local alignment between users from statistical effects due to the assortative mixing of user activity and centrality in the social network. This analysis suggests that users with similar topical interests are more likely to be friends, and therefore semantic similarity measures among users based solely on their annotation metadata should be predictive of social links. We test this hypothesis on the Last.fm data set, confirming that the social network constructed from semantic similarity captures actual friendship more accurately than Last.fm's suggestions based on listening patterns.
Psychological adjustment of men with prostate cancer: a review of the literature. (2007)

Aspects of methodology need attention, particularly longitudinal, prospective designs, incorporation of control groups and the use of valid and reliable measures. There is scope for qualitative studies as a complement to quantitative research.
<scp>I</scp>nflammatory response of prostate epithelial cells to stimulation by <i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i> (2013)

We conclude that T. vaginalis may increase IL-1β expression in human prostate epithelium through activation of ROS, ERK, and NF-κB, and this in turn may induce the migration of neutrophils and monocytes and lead to an inflammatory response. This research is the first attempt to confirm inflammatory reaction caused by T. vaginalis in prostate epithelial cell.
Attributed string matching by split-and-merge for on-line Chinese character recognition (1993)

Consecutive strokes of Chinese characters tend to be connected in fast writing, and this causes a problem for most stroke-based recognition approaches. A recognition scheme for recognizing cursive Chinese characters under the constraint of correct stroke writing orders is proposed. The recognition scheme consists of two phases: candidate character selection and detailed matching. In the former phase, an input script with N strokes is used to split the strokes of each reference character into N corresponding parts. In the latter phase, the connected input strokes are broken into multiple strokes under the guidance of candidate characters. In both phases, dynamic programming is employed for stroke or character matching. Good experimental results prove the feasibility of the proposed approach for cursive Chinese character recognition.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hydrogen–Deuterium Exchange and Mass Spectrometry Reveal the pH-Dependent Conformational Changes of Diphtheria Toxin T Domain (2014)

The translocation (T) domain of diphtheria toxin plays a critical role in moving the catalytic domain across the endosomal membrane. Translocation/insertion is triggered by a decrease in pH in the endosome where conformational changes of T domain occur through several kinetic intermediates to yield a final trans-membrane form. High-resolution structural studies are only applicable to the static T-domain structure at physiological pH, and studies of the T-domain translocation pathway are hindered by the simultaneous presence of multiple conformations. Here, we report the application of hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) for the study of the pH-dependent conformational changes of the T domain in solution. Effects of pH on intrinsic HDX rates were deconvolved by converting the on-exchange times at low pH into times under our "standard condition" (pH 7.5). pH-Dependent HDX kinetic analysis of T domain clearly reveals the conformational transition from the native state (W-state) to a membrane-competent state (W(+)-state). The initial transition occurs at pH 6 and includes the destabilization of N-terminal helices accompanied by the separation between N- and C-terminal segments. The structural rearrangements accompanying the formation of the membrane-competent state expose a hydrophobic hairpin (TH8-9) to solvent, prepare it to insert into the membrane. At pH 5.5, the transition is complete, and the protein further unfolds, resulting in the exposure of its C-terminal hydrophobic TH8-9, leading to subsequent aggregation in the absence of membranes. This solution-based study complements high resolution crystal structures and provides a detailed understanding of the pH-dependent structural rearrangement and acid-induced oligomerization of T domain.
The mechanism of chondrocyte hydrogen peroxide damage. Depletion of intracellular ATP due to suppression of glycolysis caused by oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. (1989)

Exposure of articular cartilage to H2O2 in vitro inhibits proteoglycan synthesis in a fashion which parallels the inhibition which occurs in cartilage in animal models of acute inflammation. Our study shows that exposure to H2O2 also inhibits other chondrocyte functions, including total protein and DNA synthesis. Since these intracellular biosynthetic processes require adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the effect of exposure of H2O2 on chondrocyte ATP was measured. Exposure to H2O2 caused an immediate (less than 2 min) dose dependent decrease in cartilage ATP levels--found to be due to the oxidative inactivation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-3-PDH). We suggest that intrachondrocyte oxidant damage occurs through oxidation of the sensitive thiol (-SH) residue at the active center of G-3-PDH, with subsequent reduction in the rate of glycolytic ATP synthesis and the intracellular concentration of ATP which is required for DNA, protein, proteoglycan and hyaluronic acid synthesis.
Optimal Joint Multiple Resource Allocation Method for Cloud Computing Environments (2011)

Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources. To provide cloud computing services economically, it is important to optimize resource allocation under the assumption that the required resource can be taken from a shared resource pool. In addition, to be able to provide processing ability and storage capacity, it is necessary to allocate bandwidth to access them at the same time. This paper proposes an optimal resource allocation method for cloud computing environments. First, this paper develops a resource allocation model of cloud computing environments, assuming both processing ability and bandwidth are allocated simultaneously to each service request and rented out on an hourly basis. The allocated resources are dedicated to each service request. Next, this paper proposes an optimal joint multiple resource allocation method, based on the above resource allocation model. It is demonstrated by simulation evaluation that the proposed method can reduce the request loss probability and as a result, reduce the total resource required, compared with the conventional allocation method. Then, this paper defines basic principles and a measure for achieving fair resource allocation among multiple users in a cloud computing environment, and proposes a fair joint multiple resource allocation method. It is demonstrated by simulation evaluations that the proposed method enables the fair resource allocation among multiple users without a large decline in resource efficiency. Keywords: Cloud computing, joint multiple resource allocation, fairness
a study of eXtensible Markup Language (XML) (1999)

The attention paid by the Internet community to Extensible Markup Language (XML) is impressive. XML has been heralded as the next important Internet technology, the next step following the HyperText Markup Language (HTML), and the natural and worthy companion to the Java programming language. HTML defines a single, fixed type of document with markups that let you describe a common class of simple office-style reports. As Web documents have become larger and more complex, Web content providers have begun to experience the limitations of a medium that does not provide the extensibility, structure, and data checking needed for large-scale commercial applications. The ability of Java applets to embed powerful data manipulation capabilities in Web clients makes even clearer the limitations of current methods for the transmittal of document data. XML takes document markup to the next level, offering a human-readable, self-explaining, well-structured, extendable and consistent way to describe and transfer data. XML promises to be as big a revolution to the Web as HTML was. This paper describes the XML effort, makes a survey of most of the associated specifications and discusses new kinds of Java-based Web applications made possible by XML. The paper also discusses the impact that XML will have on some of the existing technologies, like Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and the exchange of industrial data (STEP). The end of this paper describes in detail one of the first efforts made to use XML in an industrial application.
See One, Do One, Teach One: Advanced Technology in Medical Education (2004)

Across specialties, patient simulation, virtual reality, and the Web will soon enable medical students and residents to... see one, simulate many, do one competently, and teach everyone.
Studies towards a Novel Synthesisof Tubulysins: Highly Asymmetric Aza-Michael Reactionsof 2-Enoylthiazoles with Metalated Chiral Oxazolidinones (2009)

Herein we report the highly asymmetric aza-Michael ­reactions of α,β-enones (2-enoylthiazoles) with metalated chiral ­oxazolidinones under different reaction conditions and for different substituents at the β-position of the Michael acceptor. The reaction proceeds with complete diastereoselectivity to give exclusively one of the two diastereomers. The significance of the reaction is that no catalyst has been used; the steric requirements of the chiral Michael nucleophile drive the stereospecificity of the reaction and the reaction time is much less compared to the reported procedures. This methodology might be useful for an improved total synthesis of the highly cytotoxic peptides known as the tubulysins.
Synthesis of the major urinary metabolite of prostaglandin D2 (1988)

Starting from the Corey lactone (3), the total synthesis of a specific urinary metabolite of prostaglandin D2, viz., (Z)-9α,11β-dihydroxy-15-oxo-2,3,18,19-tetranorprost-5-ene-1,20-dioic acid (1) and its 5E-isomer is described. The synthetic material was isolated in a tricyclic form as the corresponding hemiacetal lactone (2). The g.c.m.s. characteristics of the methyl ester, trimethylsilyl ether derivative of this compound were identical with those previously described for the same derivative of the 11β-tetranor metabolite of PGD2.
Inhibition of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), an Enzyme Essential for NAD+ Biosynthesis, Leads to Altered Carbohydrate Metabolism in Cancer Cells (2015)

Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) has been extensively studied due to its essential role in NAD(+) biosynthesis in cancer cells and the prospect of developing novel therapeutics. To understand how NAMPT regulates cellular metabolism, we have shown that the treatment with FK866, a specific NAMPT inhibitor, leads to attenuation of glycolysis by blocking the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase step (Tan, B., Young, D. A., Lu, Z. H., Wang, T., Meier, T. I., Shepard, R. L., Roth, K., Zhai, Y., Huss, K., Kuo, M. S., Gillig, J., Parthasarathy, S., Burkholder, T. P., Smith, M. C., Geeganage, S., and Zhao, G. (2013) Pharmacological inhibition of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), an enzyme essential for NAD(+) biosynthesis, in human cancer cells: metabolic basis and potential clinical implications. J. Biol. Chem. 288, 3500-3511). Due to technical limitations, we failed to separate isotopomers of phosphorylated sugars. In this study, we developed an enabling LC-MS methodology. Using this, we confirmed the previous findings and also showed that NAMPT inhibition led to accumulation of fructose 1-phosphate and sedoheptulose 1-phosphate but not glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, and sedoheptulose 7-phosphate as previously thought. To investigate the metabolic basis of the metabolite formation, we carried out biochemical and cellular studies and established the following. First, glucose-labeling studies indicated that fructose 1-phosphate was derived from dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde, and sedoheptulose 1-phosphate was derived from dihydroxyacetone phosphate and erythrose via an aldolase reaction. Second, biochemical studies showed that aldolase indeed catalyzed these reactions. Third, glyceraldehyde- and erythrose-labeling studies showed increased incorporation of corresponding labels into fructose 1-phosphate and sedoheptulose 1-phosphate in FK866-treated cells. Fourth, NAMPT inhibition led to increased glyceraldehyde and erythrose levels in the cell. Finally, glucose-labeling studies showed accumulated fructose 1,6-bisphosphate in FK866-treated cells mainly derived from dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. Taken together, this study shows that NAMPT inhibition leads to attenuation of glycolysis, resulting in further perturbation of carbohydrate metabolism in cancer cells. The potential clinical implications of these findings are also discussed.
Development of Highly Sensitive Bulk Acoustic Wave Device Biosensor Arrays for Screening and Early Detection of Prostate Cancer (2009)

Abstract : In this research, we present several novel contributions to the field of microelectronic acoustic biosensors that approach the goal of developing a cost-effective, highly sensitive and highly selective sensor array for the detection of early cancer proliferation. First we report on the development of a novel solidly mounted shear-mode resonator employing piezoelectric ZnO as an appropriate base device for liquid-phase sensing applications. Second we report on the development of an appropriate chemical surface preparation protocol for the covalent immobilization of monoclonal IgG antibodies to the surface of this device, thereby functionalizing it as a biosensor. Preliminary data employing these sensors for the detection of prostate specific antigen in LnCap conditioned medium as well as progress towards developing a packaged disposable sensor array system is also reported. This research has thus far yielded three journal publications and three conference abstracts, which are provided in the report.
Facile C–H activation by lutetium–methyl and lutetium–hydride complexes (1983)

Bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)lutetium complexes Lu(η5-C5Me5)2R (R = Me, H) react at 20–50 °C in hydrocarbon solvents with benzene, pyridine, the ylide CH2PPh3, and tetramethylsilane to give stable, isolatable products of C–H activation, i.e. metallation at a carbon of the reagent with extrusion of R–H.
Efficient First-Principles Simulation of Noncontact Atomic Force Microscopy for Structural Analysis (2009)

We propose an efficient scheme to simulate noncontact atomic force microscopy images by using first-principles self-consistent potential from the sample as input without explicit modeling of the atomic force microscopy tip. Our method is applied to various types of semiconductor surfaces including Si(111)-(7x7), TiO2(110)-(1x1), Ag/Si(111)-(sqrt[3]xsqrt[3])R30 degrees, and Ge/Si(105)-(1x2) surfaces. We obtain good agreement with experimental results and previous theoretical studies, and our method can aid in identifying different structural models for surface reconstruction.
EVALUATION OF FOLIAR SPRAYS FOR CONTROL OF WEATHER FLECK ON FLUE-CURED TOBACCO (1967)

Selected materials were sprayed on field-grown plants to control weather fleck. Treated and untreated plants were compared for effectiveness in preventing this physiological disorder and for effects on the leaves. Five of 32 test materials, namely diphenylamine, phenothiazine, 1,4-naphthoquinone, dichlone and N,N′-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, were effective in preventing weather fleck. Diphenylamine, phenothiazine, and 1,4-naphthoquinone were particularly effectve. Small amounts of leaf damage occurred on plants sprayed with these three materials, but such damage was insufficient to cause quality depreciation of the cured leaves. No leaf damage occurred on spraying with dichlone and N,N′-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, but excessive green fixation, which reduces leaf value, occurred in leaves from dichlone-sprayed plots. Phenothiazine caused some green fixation.
<i>In Vivo</i> Proteomic Analysis of Cytokine Expression in Laser Capture-Microdissected Urothelial Cells of Obstructed Ureteropelvic Junction Procured by Laparoscopic Dismembered Pyeloplasty (2003)

We here report the efficient application of LCM and proteomic array chips for expression profile analysis of cytokines in vivo. Because the etiology and pathogenesis of UPJO are still fragmentary, the marked heterogeneity of the observed cytokine alterations reported here may be of significance. Further studies are required to elucidate the functional significance of the differentially expressed cytokines in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Association of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Replicase with RNA Template and Cytoplasmic Membranes (1974)

The association of the replicase of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) with cellular membranes was suggested following attempts to produce a soluble enzyme by the use of detergents (Arlinghaus & Polatnick, 1967, 1969; Delagneau, 1971), as described for the purification of poliovirus replicase (Ehrenfeld, Maizel & Summers, 1970). Subsequently, the association with cellular membranes of the replicase and the single-stranded and replicative forms of RNA was reported for poliovirus (Caliguiri & Tamm, 1969, 1970a, b), for Semliki Forest virus (Friedman et al., 1972) and for tobacco mosaic virus (Ralph, Bullivant & Wojcik, 1971). In each case, the replicase-membrane complex contained endogenous RNA template (Arlinghaus & Polatnick, 1969; Caliguiri & Tamm, 1969; Ehrenfeld et al., 1970; Friedman et al., 1972). We show in this communication that FMDV replicase is associated with ribosome-containing membranes and requires glycerol to stabilize its activity during sedimentation in the presence of detergents.