gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Devices. Shape Switching and Substrate Binding in Ion-Controlled Nanomechanical Molecular Tweezers (2004)

As examples of supramolecular devices performing chemical (ionic, molecular) control of binding events and models of related natural systems, two molecular conformational switches are described, which display cation-controlled nanomechanical motion coupled to substrate binding and release. The substrate binding relies on donor/acceptor interactions, provided by intercalation between planar sites located at the extremities of the switching units, whereas cation complexation is responsible for conformational regulation. The terpyridine py-py-py-based receptor is activated toward substrate binding upon complexation of a zinc(II) cation and operates in a two-state process. The replacement of the central pyridine by a 4,6-disubstituted pyridimine as in py-pym-py induces a state reversal and yields a new receptor which binds a substrate in the absence of cation, and releases it when copper(I) is introduced, following a three-step process. These systems represent effector-triggered supramolecular switching devices leading toward multistate nanomechanical chemical systems. These two systems illustrate the use of simple conformational switches in the binding site and allosteric regulation of substrate affinity.
Involvement of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 in pudendal inhibition of nociceptive bladder activity in cats (2011)

This study used MTEP, a metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) antagonist, to examine the role of mGluR5 in the neural control of the urinary bladder and in the inhibition of the micturition reflex by pudendal nerve stimulation (PNS). Experiments were conducted in 11 female cats under α-chloralose anaesthesia when the bladder was infused with either saline or 0.25% acetic acid (AA). AA irritated the bladder, induced bladder overactivity and significantly (P < 0.001) reduced bladder capacity to 14.9 ± 10.3% of the saline control capacity. MTEP (0.1-50 mg kg(-1), i.v.) significantly (P < 0.05) increased bladder capacity during saline distension but not during AA irritation. However, MTEP induced a transient inhibition of isovolumetric bladder contractions under both conditions. PNS (5 Hz), which was tested at the threshold (T) intensity for inducing a complete inhibition of isovolumetric bladder contractions and at an intensity of 3-4T, suppressed AA-induced bladder overactivity and significantly increased bladder capacity to 68.0 ± 31.3% at 1T (P < 0.05) and 98.5 ± 55.3% at 3-4T (P < 0.01) of the saline control capacity. MTEP dose dependently (0.1-50 mg kg(-1), i.v.) suppressed PNS inhibition of bladder overactivity at low intensity (1T) but not at high intensity (3-4T). During saline infusion PNS significantly (P < 0.05) increased bladder capacity to 167.7 ± 27.1% at 1T and 196.0 ± 37.4% at 3-4T. These inhibitory effects were not observed after MTEP (0.1-50 mg kg(-1), i.v.) which also increased bladder capacity. These results indicate that glutamic acid has a transmitter function in bladder and somato-bladder reflex mechanisms and raise the possibility that mGluR5 may be a target for pharmacological treatment of lower urinary tract disorders.
Effects of Hormone Replacement Therapy and Antioxidant Vitamin Supplements on Coronary Atherosclerosis in Postmenopausal Women (2002)

In postmenopausal women with coronary disease, neither HRT nor antioxidant vitamin supplements provide cardiovascular benefit. Instead, a potential for harm was suggested with each treatment.
Alpha2 receptors and agonists in pain management (2001)

Alpha(2) agonists have been in clinical use for decades, primarily in the treatment of hypertension. In recent years, alpha(2) agonists have found wider application, particularly in the fields of anesthesia and pain management. It has been noted that these agents can enhance analgesia provided by traditional analgesics, such as opiates, and may result in opiate-sparing effects. This has important implications for the management of acute postoperative pain and chronic pain states, including disorders involving spasticity or myofascial pain, neuropathic pain, and chronic daily headaches. The clinical utility of these agents is ever expanding, as they are gaining broader use in neuraxial analgesia, and new applications are continuously under investigation. The alpha(2) agonists that are currently employed in anesthesia and pain management include clonidine, tizanidine, and dexmedetomidine. Moxonidine and radolmidine, which are not currently in clinical use in humans, may offer favorable side-effect profiles when compared with traditional alpha(2) agonists, and may thereby allow for more widespread pain management applications.
Provably Secure Steganography. (2002)

Informally, steganography is the process of sending a secret message from Alice to Bob in such a way that an eavesdropper (who listens to all communications) cannot even tell that a secret message is being sent. In this work, we initiate the study of steganography from a complexity-theoretic point of view. We introduce definitions based on computational indistinguishability and we prove that the existence of one-way functions implies the existence of secure steganographic protocols. Keywords: Steganography, Cryptography, Provable Security 1
Two-dimensional signatures for molecular identification (2008)

Simultaneous measurements of the conductance and surface work function (SWF) changes on nanostructured graphite layers have been performed to detect several gaseous analyte molecules. It has been observed that the gradient of the SWF versus conductance response plotted for specific analyte molecules is constant irrespective of their concentration or fractional occupancy of surface adsorption sites. The SWF and conductance changes have been found to be uncorrelated for different analyte molecules, resulting in unique gradients that can be used as two-dimensional signatures for molecular identification.
Adaptive optimization by 6 DOF robotic couch in prostate volumetric IMRT treatment: rototranslational shift and dosimetric consequences (2015)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the magnitude and dosimetric relevance of translational and rotational shifts on IGRT prostate volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) using Protura six degrees of freedom (DOF) Robotic Patient Positioning System. Patients with cT3aN0M0 prostate cancer, treated with VMAT simultaneous integrated boost (VMAT-SIB), were enrolled. PTV2 was obtained adding 0.7 cm margin to seminal vesicles base (CTV2), while PTV1 adding to prostate (CTV1) 0.7 cm margin in all directions, except 1.2 cm, as caudal margin. A daily CBCT was acquired before dose delivery. The translational and rotational displacements were corrected through Protura Robotic Couch, collected and applied to the simulation CT to obtain a translated CT (tCT) and a rototranslated CT (rtCT) on which we recalculated the initial treatment plan (TP). We analyzed the correlation between dosimetric coverage, organs at risk (OAR) sparing, and translational or rotational displacements. The dosimetric impact of a rototranslational correction was calculated. From October 2012 to September 2013, a total of 263 CBCT scans from 12 patients were collected. Translational shifts were < 5 mm in 81% of patients and the rotational shifts were < 2° in 93% of patient scans. The dosimetric analysis was performed on 172 CBCT scans and calculating 344 VMAT-TP. Two significant linear correlations were observed between yaw and the V20 femoral heads and between pitch rotation and V50 rectum (p < 0.001); rototranslational correction seems to impact more on PTV2 than on PTV1, especially when margins are reduced. Rotational errors are of dosimetric significance in sparing OAR and in target coverage. This is relevant for femoral heads and rectum because of major distance from isocenter, and for seminal vesicles because of irregular shape. No correlation was observed between translational and rotational errors. A study considering the intrafractional error and the deformable registration is ongoing.
Safety of prolonged therapy with bortezomib in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (2005)

Retreatment with or continuation of bortezomib +/- dexamethasone beyond 6 months was safe, and toxicities were manageable, in patients with relapsed and/or refractory myeloma.
CD3-negative lymphokine-activated cytotoxic cells express the CD3 <i>epsilon</i> gene. (1988)

The expression of genes encoding different polypeptide chains of the TCR-CD3 complex was analyzed in a panel of cloned MHC-unrestricted cytotoxic cells. The clones were derived from CD3+ and CD3- human PBL. After expansion in rIL-2, all clones were able to lyse the NK-sensitive target cell line K562. In contrast, lysis of fresh tumor cells was achieved almost exclusively by CD3- clones. To test whether a known TCR-CD3 complex may be involved in MHC-unrestricted cytotoxicity, total RNA from nine CD3+ and 11 CD3- clones was isolated and hybridized with DNA probes for the TCR alpha-, beta-, and gamma-chains and for the CD3 gamma-, delta-, and epsilon-chains. TCR gamma transcripts were present at high levels in CD3+CD4- CD8- clones but were undetectable in all CD3- clones. Lysis of fresh tumor cells is an activity which can be independent of the TCR alpha beta and TCR gamma complexes because the CD3- clones did not express these TCR genes. Interestingly, all CD3- clones expressed CD3 epsilon transcripts, but not CD3 gamma- or delta-transcripts. CD3- lymphokine-activated cytotoxic cells may therefore be derived from immature T cells which do not yet express a complete CD3 complex. The CD3 epsilon chain, if expressed in CD3- cells in association with other molecules, could be involved in the activation and lytic function of these MHC-unrestricted cytotoxic cells.
Reductive dehalogenations by alkali metals and sodium naphthalenide. Capture of solvent-derived intermediates (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReductive dehalogenations by alkali metals and sodium naphthalenide. Capture of solvent-derived intermediatesJames G. Smith and Issac. HoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 26, 4260–4264Publication Date (Print):July 29, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 29 July 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00799a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00799a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views205Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Function-Inherent Code Checking: A New Low Cost On-Line Testing Approach for High Performance Microprocessor Control Logic (2008)

We propose an on-line testing approach for the control logic of high performance microprocessors. Rather than adding information redundancy (in the form of error detecting codes), we propose to look for the information redundancy (referred to as Function-Inherent Codes) that the microprocessor control logic may inherently have, due to its required functionality. We will show that this allows to achieve on-line testing at significant savings in terms of area and power consumption, and with lower or comparable impact on system performance and design costs, compared to alternate, traditional on-line testing approaches.
Rhesus Macaques That Become Systemically Infected With Pathogenic SHIV 89.6-PD After Intravenous, Rectal, or Vaginal Inoculation and Fail to Make an Antiviral Antibody Response Rapidly Develop AIDS (1998)

A new simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) stock (SHIV 89.6-PD), derived from plasma of a rhesus macaque used for in vivo serial passage of virulence-attenuated SHIV 89.6, produces systemic infection after intravenous, intravaginal, or intrarectal inoculation of rhesus macaques. Infection with this virus results in high levels of viral antigen in plasma, a precipitous decline in CD4+ T-cell counts, and a disease syndrome that is characteristic of AIDS. Rapid progression to disease was associated with failure to seroconvert to viral antigens, whereas longer survival was associated with production of antiviral antibodies. In intravenously inoculated animals, peak antigenemia occurred at 7 days postinjection (PI) and severe CD4+ depletion occurred at 14 days PI. In mucosally infected animals, peak antigenemia occurred at 14 days PI and severe CD4+ depletion was not evident until 21 days PI. The 1-week delay in both viral antigenemia and CD4+ T-cell decline in mucosally infected animals is consistent with the hypothesis that, following vaginal inoculation, virus dissemination proceeds in a stepwise manner from the mucosal surface to the draining lymph nodes and subsequently to the bloodstream. This animal model can be used to test the ability of HIV-1 envelope-based vaccines to prevent infection or disease after challenge by the three major routes of HIV transmission.
Oral Modiﬁed-Release Delivery Systems (2002)

The oral route of drug delivery is typically considered the preferred and most patient-convenient means of drug administration. Consequently, much effort is directed during drug discovery to identify orally active candidates that will provide reproducible and effective plasma concentrations in vivo. The reality is that many compounds are either incompletely or ineffectively absorbed after oral administration (i.e., bioavailability is an issue), or that the required dosing frequency is too short to enable once-or twice-daily administration (i.e., pharmacokinetic half-life is an issue). Lead optimization typically addresses such shortcomings during a discovery program; however, in many cases it is not possible to identify an appropriate clinical candidate with the requisite “ideal” physicochemical and/or pharmacokinetic properties. For clinical research phase drug candidates, or drugs already marketed, the opportunity for enhancing their clinical pharmacology proﬁle after oral administration through attainment of more optimal blood drug concentration-time proﬁles should always be considered.
Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Alkynylation of Aryl Bromides by Sodium Tetraalkynylaluminates (2002)

Sodium tetraalkynylaluminates (1-4), prepared from NaAlH4 and terminal alkynes, cross-couple with aryl bromides in the presence of Pd(0) and Pd(II) catalysts. The reactions take place in boiling THF or DME. The process is applicable to both homo- and heterocyclic aryl bromides and can be used for conversion of polybromo compounds into polyalkynes. The reactions are high yielding and selective, free of undesired homocoupling and hydrogenolysis processes. The reagents selectively react with the ring-bound bromine atoms but do not affect chloro, cyano, triflate, or ester functions.
Piloted Simulation of Various Synthetic Vision Systems Terrain Portrayal and Guidance Symbology Concepts for Low Altitude En-Route Scenario (2008)

In support of the NASA Aviation Safety Program's Synthetic Vision Systems Project, a series of piloted simulations were conducted to explore and quantify the relationship between candidate Terrain Portrayal Concepts and Guidance Symbology Concepts, specific to General Aviation. The experiment scenario was based on a low altitude en route flight in Instrument Metrological Conditions in the central mountains of Alaska. A total of 18 general aviation pilots, with three levels of pilot experience, evaluated a test matrix of four terrain portrayal concepts and six guidance symbology concepts. Quantitative measures included various pilot/aircraft performance data, flight technical errors and flight control inputs. The qualitative measures included pilot comments and pilot responses to the structured questionnaires such as perceived workload, subjective situation awareness, pilot preferences, and the rare event recognition. There were statistically significant effects found from guidance symbology concepts and terrain portrayal concepts but no significant interactions between them. Lower flight technical errors and increased situation awareness were achieved using Synthetic Vision Systems displays, as compared to the baseline Pitch/Roll Flight Director and Blue Sky Brown Ground combination. Overall, those guidance symbology concepts that have both path based guidance cue and tunnel display performed better than the other guidance concepts.
Matrix-Matched Calibration Curves for Assessing Analytical Figures of Merit in Quantitative Proteomics (2020)

Mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for quantifying protein abundance in complex samples. Advances in sample preparation and the development of data-independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry approaches have increased the number of peptides and proteins measured per sample. Here, we present a series of experiments demonstrating how to assess whether a peptide measurement is quantitative by mass spectrometry. Our results demonstrate that increasing the number of detected peptides in a proteomics experiment does not necessarily result in increased numbers of peptides that can be measured quantitatively.
Comparison of Whole Body SOD1 Knockout with Muscle-Specific SOD1 Knockout Mice Reveals a Role for Nerve Redox Signaling in Regulation of Degenerative Pathways in Skeletal Muscle (2017)

In contrast to mSod1KO mice, myofiber atrophy in Sod1<sup>-/-</sup> mice was associated with increased muscle oxidative damage, neuromuscular junction degeneration, denervation, nerve demyelination, and upregulation of proteins involved in maintenance of myelin sheaths. Proteomic analyses confirmed increased proteasomal activity and adaptive stress responses in muscle of Sod1<sup>-/-</sup> mice that were absent in mSod1KO mice. Peripheral nerve from neither Sod1<sup>-/-</sup> nor mSod1KO mice showed increased oxidative damage or molecular responses to increased oxidation compared with wild type mice. Differential cysteine (Cys) labeling revealed a specific redox shift in the catalytic Cys residue of peroxiredoxin 6 (Cys47) in the peripheral nerve from Sod1<sup>-/-</sup> mice. Innovation and Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that neuromuscular integrity, redox mechanisms, and pathways are differentially altered in nerve and muscle of Sod1<sup>-/-</sup> and mSod1KO mice. Results support the concept that impaired redox signaling, rather than oxidative damage, in peripheral nerve plays a key role in muscle loss in Sod1<sup>-/-</sup> mice and potentially sarcopenia during aging. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 275-295.
The generation of molecules through plasma-surface interactions (2006)

The subject of this thesis is the generation of molecules in plasma and at the surfaces surrounding the plasma. Here, the plasma acts as catalyst, it dissociates the precursor molecules before they come in contact with a surface. Then the surface is mainly exposed to high fluxes of atomic and molecular radicals rather than molecules. The role of plasma-surface interactions in the generation of molecules by the association of radicals at a surface in low-pressure plasmas is investigated at the hand of two model systems. In the first one, surfaces are exposed to fluxes of nitrogen and hydrogen radicals and in the second one surfaces are exposed to fluxes of nitrogen and oxygen radicals. The molecules and radicals in these plasmas have been monitored with various diagnostic techniques. The thesis work is presented in the form of 6 stand-alone articles. In this introductory chapter, a general introduction to molecule formation in plasmas, the aim of the work and the outline of the thesis are given.
A survey of wormhole routing techniques in direct networks (1993)

Several research contributions and commercial ventures related to wormhole routing, a switching technique used in direct networks, are discussed. The properties of direct networks are reviewed, and the operation and characteristics of wormhole routing are discussed in detail. By its nature, wormhole routing is particularly susceptible to deadlock situations, in which two or more packets may block one another indefinitely. Several approaches to deadlock-free. routing, along with a technique that allows multiple virtual channels to share the same physical channel, are described. In addition, several open issues related to wormhole routing are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multiple Functions of the Transcribed Spacers in Ribosomal RNA Operons (1998)

rRNA operons contain about 25% transcribed spacer sequences in addition to the 16S, 23S, 5S and tRNA genes. The spacer sequences are removed from the primary rRNA transcript by a series of co-ordinated nucleolytic events. Besides the role in rRNA processing, the spacer sequences are also involved in transcription and the ribosome assembly. In this study we analyze the spacer between tRNA and 23S rRNA genes. Based on computer modeling and chemical probing data, a model for the transient secondary structure of the intergenic spacer is proposed. Mutational analysis has shown that the transient secondary structure around the 5' end of 23S rRNA is involved in ribosome assembly. We propose that the transient structure at the 5' end of 23S rRNA directs 23S rRNA folding into the mature structure and facilitates ribosomal large subunit assembly.
Real‐time meshless deformation (2005)

Abstract In this paper, we articulate a meshless computational paradigm for the effective modeling, accurate physical simulation, and real‐time animation of point‐sampled solid objects. Both the interior and the boundary geometry of our volumetric object representation only consist of points, further extending the powerful and popular method of point‐sampled surfaces to the volumetric setting. We build the point‐based physical model upon continuum mechanics, which affords to effectively model the dynamic elastic behavior of point‐based volumetric objects. When only surface samples are provided, our prototype system first generates both interior volumetric points and a volumetric distance field with octree structure. The physics of these volumetric points in a solid interior are simulated using the Meshless Moving Least Squares (MLS) shape functions. In sharp contrast to the traditional finite element method (FEM), the meshless property of our new technique expedites the accurate representation and precise simulation of the underlying discrete model, without the need of domain meshing. In order to achieve real‐time simulations, we utilize the warped modal analysis method that is locally linear in nature but globally warped to account for rotational deformation. The structural simplicity and real‐time performance of our meshless simulation framework are ideal for interactive animation and game/movie production. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.