gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vehicle Logo Recognition System Based on Convolutional Neural Networks With a Pretraining Strategy (2015)

Since a vehicle logo is the clearest indicator of a vehicle manufacturer, most vehicle manufacturer recognition (VMR) methods are based on vehicle logo recognition. Logo recognition can be still a challenge due to difficulties in precisely segmenting the vehicle logo in an image and the requirement for robustness against various imaging situations simultaneously. In this paper, a convolutional neural network (CNN) system has been proposed for VMR that removes the requirement for precise logo detection and segmentation. In addition, an efficient pretraining strategy has been introduced to reduce the high computational cost of kernel training in CNN-based systems to enable improved real-world applications. A data set containing 11 500 logo images belonging to 10 manufacturers, with 10 000 for training and 1500 for testing, is generated and employed to assess the suitability of the proposed system. An average accuracy of 99.07% is obtained, demonstrating the high classification potential and robustness against various poor imaging situations.
A Low-Power Implementation of Asynchronous 8051 Employing Adaptive Pipeline Structure (2008)

This paper presents a low-power implementation of the A8051 processor. It employs an adaptive pipeline structure that allows to skip a redundant stage operation and to combine with the neighboring empty stage. The processor has three features to reduce the power dissipation as well as to improve performance: multilooping control for multicycle instructions, branch predictor for unconditional branches, and a single threading in the EXE stage. The experimental results show that A8051 runs about 1.8 times faster than the synchronous counterpart, CIP51 [reported in the HC8051F0xx Family Datasheet (2002)]. In terms of Et <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , our implementation shows 15 times higher efficiency than that of asynchronous counterpart developed by the Nanyang University [Chang and Gwee (2006)].
Constituents of holothuroidea, II. Six newly identified biologically active triterpenoid glycoside sulfates from the sea cucumber <i>Cucumaria echinata</i> (1990)

Abstract From the whole body of sea cucumber Cucumaria echinata (Cucumariidae), we recently identified six genuine holostane‐type triterpenoid glycoside sulfates designated as cucumechinoside A ( 1 ), B ( 2 ), C ( 3 ), D ( 4 ), E ( 5 ), and F ( 6 ). The structures 1 – 6 were determined on the basis of chemical and spectral investigations. Antitumor activities of these cucumechinosides and their solvolized compounds ( 10 , 11 , and 12 ) against murine lymphoma L 1210 and human epidermoid carcinoma KB cell in vitro were examined, and their antifungal and antiprotozoal activities were also investigated.
Static force measurement with piezoelectric sensors based on pseudorandom sequences (2008)

It is shown that the response of piezoelectric elements to pseudorandom sequences may be correlated to the external pressure the piezoelectric element is subjected to. Thus a static force sensor was developed based on this phenomenon. This is achieved by measuring the variations of the piezoelectric sensor series resonance branch (at its first resonance mode) which accurately reflects the measured force. A simple electronic interface circuit was designed to experimentally validate this new concept. Further, compared to previous piezoelectric sensors, the application of pseudorandom sequences allows for much increased rate of measurements.
On-chip automatic direct tuning circuitry based on the synchronous rectification scheme for CMOS gigahertz band front-end filters (2002)

A new automatic tuning circuit based on synchronous rectification scheme is proposed and functions in the idle periods between the burst-mode transmissions. The proposed CMOS tuning circuit can be fully integrated with the front-end filter. Simulation results employing 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS technology have verified that the center frequency is automatically tuned to 1.25 GHz with 10% process variation presence. The deviation is 15 MHz representing to only 1.2% error.
Experimental and Analytical Studies on the High Cycle Fatigue of Thin Film Metal on PET Substrate for Flexible Electronics Applications (2011)

This paper addresses the behavior of thin-film metal coated flexible substrates under high cyclic bending fatigue loading. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) are widely used substrates in the fabrication of microelectronic devices. Factors affecting the fatigue life of thin-film coated on a flexible PET substrates were studied, including thin-film thickness, film material, bending radius, temperature, and humidity. A series of experiments for sputter-deposited copper and aluminum coated on a PET substrate were conducted. Electrical resistance and crack growth rate were monitored during the experiments at specified time intervals. In addition, a finite element model was built to simulate the bending of thin-films on flexible substrate structure. Layered shell elements were used in the model. Stress intensity and stress distribution across the film were obtained and compared with the experiments. Initial results of copper-coated PET showed a great agreement between the model and the experimental results.
Quenching of Fluorophore-Labeled DNA Oligonucleotides by Divalent Metal Ions:  Implications for Selection, Design, and Applications of Signaling Aptamers and Signaling Deoxyribozymes (2005)

Recent years have seen a dramatic increase in the use of fluorescence-signaling DNA aptamers and deoxyribozymes as novel biosensing moieties. Many of these functional single-stranded DNA molecules are either engineered to function in the presence of divalent metal ion cofactors or designed as sensors for specific divalent metal ions. However, many divalent metal ions are potent fluorescence quenchers. In this study, we first set out to examine the factors that contribute to quenching of DNA-bound fluorophores by commonly used divalent metal ions, with the goal of establishing general principles that can guide future exploitation of fluorescence-signaling DNA aptamers and deoxyribozymes as biosensing probes. We then extended these studies to examine the effect of specific metals on the signaling performance of both a structure-switching signaling DNA aptamer and an RNA-cleaving and fluorescence-signaling deoxyribozyme. These studies showed extensive quenching was obtained when using divalent transition metal ions owing to direct DNA-metal ion interactions, leading to combined static and dynamic quenching. The extent of quenching was dependent on the type of metal ion and the concentration of supporting monovalent cations in the buffer, with quenching increasing with the number of unpaired electrons in the metal ion and decreasing with the concentration of monovalent ions. The extent of quenching was independent of the fluorophore, indicating that quenching cannot be alleviated simply by changing the nature of the fluorescent probe. Our results also show that the DNA sequence and the local secondary structure in the region of the fluorescent tag can dramatically influence the degree of quenching by divalent transition metal ions. In particular, the extent of quenching is predominantly determined by the fluorophore location with respect to guanine-rich and duplex regions within the strand sequence. Examination of the effect of both the type and concentration of metal ions on the performance of a fluorescence-signaling aptamer and a signaling deoxyribozyme confirms that judicious choice of divalent transition metal ions is important in maximizing signals obtained from such systems.
Geographic Susceptibility of Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis (1993)

Journal Article Geographic Susceptibility of Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Bacillus thuringiensis Get access Terry B. Stone, Terry B. Stone Agricultural Group of Monsanto, a Unit ofthe Monsanto Company, 700 Chesterfield Village Parkway, Chesterfield, MO 63198 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Steven R. Sims Steven R. Sims Agricultural Group of Monsanto, a Unit ofthe Monsanto Company, 700 Chesterfield Village Parkway, Chesterfield, MO 63198 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 86, Issue 4, 1 August 1993, Pages 989–994, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/86.4.989 Published: 01 August 1993 Article history Received: 29 October 1991 Published: 01 August 1993 Accepted: 17 November 1993
Renewing and Revising SemLink (2013)

This research describes SemLink, a comprehensive resource for Natural Language Processing that maps and unifies several highquality lexical resources: PropBank, VerbNet, FrameNet, and the recently added OntoNotes sense groupings. Each of these resources was created for slightly different purposes, and therefore each carries unique strengths and limitations. SemLink allows users to leverage the strengths of each resource and provides the groundwork for incorporating these lexical resources effectively into linked data resources. SemLink and the resources included therein are discussed with a focus on the value of using lexical resources in a complementary fashion. Recent improvements to SemLink, including the addition of a new resource, the OntoNotes sense groupings, are described. Work to address future goals, including further expansion of SemLink, is also discussed.
Determination of 3D object pose in point cloud with CAD model (2015)

This paper introduces improvements to estimate 3D object pose from point clouds. We use point-pair feature for matching instead of traditional approaches using local feature descriptors. In order to obtain high accuracy estimation, a discriminative descriptor is introduced for point-pair features. The object model is a set of point pair descriptors computed from CAD model. The voting process is performed on a local area of each key-point to boost the performance. Due to the simplicity of descriptor, a matching threshold is defined to enable the robustness of the algorithm. A clustering algorithm is defined for grouping similar poses together. Best pose candidates will be selected for refining and final verification will be performed. The robustness and accuracy of our approach are demonstrated through experiments. Our approach can be compared to state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of recognition rates. These high accurate poses especially useful for robot in manipulating objects in the factory. Since our approach does not use color feature, it is independent to light conditions. The system give accurate pose estimation even when there is no light in the area.
Cross-Linking of Human Amniotic Membrane by Glutaraldehyde (2004)

Collagen cross-linking using glutaraldehyde leads to a significant increase in the biomechanical strength and enzymatic resistance of amnion, better transparency and less wrinkling. The cross-linked membrane does not dissolve for months and is well suited for the surface reconstruction of the cornea.
Reduction Equilibria at the Final Stage of Reduction of Quaternary Calcium Ferrite with CO-CO<SUB>2</SUB> Gas Mixtures (1989)

Quaternary calcium ferrite was synthesized from chemical reagents of Fe2O3, CaCO3, SiO2, and Al2O3 and the reduction equilibria at the final stage of reduction with CO-CO2 gas mixtures were studied. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1) Dicalcium ferrite, which is produced during the reduction of binary calcium ferrite, is not found in the reduction of quaternary calcium ferrite. The reduction stage from dicalcium ferrite to iron and CaO is therefore not existent in the reduction of quaternary calcium ferrite. 2) The reaction at the final stage of carbon monoxide reduction of quaternary calcium ferrite is given by the following equation. 'FeO' (s)+ CO(g) = Fe(s)+ CO2 (g) where 'FeO' is the wustite which contains CaO, SiO2 and Al2O3 as solid solutions. The temperature dependence of the apparent equilibrium constant K(= PCO2/PCO) of the reaction which is the final stage of reduction of quaternary calcium ferrite synthesized in this study is given by the following equation. K = exp (-2.785 + 2 042/T) ± 0.003 (1 0731 326 K)
Thermocatalytic Detection of NO<sub>x</sub> (1975)

Thermocatalytic detection by catalyst bed temperature rise was applied to NOx using V2O5-Al2O3 catalyst. This involved the highly exothermic reaction of NH3 with NO and O2 to produce H2O and N2 or N2O. Detector response was proportional to NO level when NH3/NO > 2. Flow rates of 1-2 ft3/hr with .03 cm3 catalyst at 300-400°C seemed to be optimum. Higher oxides of nitrogen than NO, and their hydrates, responded like NO whereas N2O and SO2 gave negligible responses. The method has application in measuring NOx directly in most sources. HC, CO, and NOx in vehicle exhaust can be analyzed by series flow through V2O5-Al2O3 catalyst (HC), V2O5-Al2O3 bed (further HC removal), and Ft catalyst (CO detection), followed by NH3 introduction and V2O5-Al2O3 catalyst (NOx detection).
Altered expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan in the stroma of human colon carcinoma. Hypomethylation of PG-40 gene correlates with increased PG-40 content and mRNA levels. (1990)

The connective tissue stroma of malignant tumors is a newly formed tissue that supports the growth and progression of neoplastic cells. Proteoglycans are intrinsic components of this complex structure and molecular changes in this class of macromolecules can significantly affect behavioral properties of transformed cells. We report that human colon carcinoma contained increased levels of a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan that exhibited an altered glycosaminoglycan structure in which 0- and 6-sulfated units, as detected by specific monoclonal antibodies, predominated. Proteoglycans with such epitopes were localized primarily to the connective tissue stroma surrounding the tumor cells but not to the tumor cells themselves or the native, non-cancerous connective tissue. Analysis of mRNA encoding PG-40, the main chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan of colon tissue, revealed a 7-fold increase in the two transcripts encoding this gene product. This increase was evident whether the data were normalized to total RNA content or beta-actin mRNA levels. The altered steady state levels of PG-40 mRNA did not correlate with any significant gene amplification or rearrangement of PG-40 in human colon cancer. However, when genomic DNA was tested for degree of methylation, the colon carcinoma tissue showed a marked hypomethylation of PG-40 gene locus, a finding that has been associated with increased gene activation. Interestingly, PG-40 gene was also hypomethylated in cultured colon fibroblasts, which express PG-40, but not in colon carcinoma cells which do not express this gene. These results indicate that specific proteoglycan changes occur in colon carcinoma and that these alterations are the product of stromal cells that are topologically associated with and functionally respondent to the growing malignant cells. This is the first evidence that enhanced PG-40 expression in a human malignant tissue is associated with a hypomethylated gene and suggests that the control of PG-40 gene expression may represent an important factor in the progression of colon carcinoma.
<title>Task-based color scale design</title> (2000)

Color is commonly used in data visualization in order to convey a wide variety of types of information: metric values, pattern, extrema, emphasis, and others. A distressingly large percentage of these visualizations appear to use the default color scale for the visualization package used to create them. While sometimes this is an appropriate choice, careful consideration of the implications of color scale selection can often result in a more effective visualization. Factors which should be considered include the characteristics of the data, the questions of interest about the data, and the expected viewers of the representation.
Th-Symmetrical Hexakisadducts of C60 with a Densely Packed π-Donor Shell Can Act as Energy- or Electron-Transducing Systems (2002)

For the first time several T(h)-symmetrical hexakisadducts of C(60) bearing up to six electro- and photoactive o-phenylene diamine or 9,10-dialkoxyanthracene moieties were synthesized and subjected to photoinduced electron/energy-transfer studies. Both donors form a densely packed pi-donor shell surrounding the fullerene core. In these novel core-shell ensembles (7 and 19), either an efficient energy transfer from the dialkoxyanthracene periphery, or an electron transfer from the o-phenylene diamine periphery transduces the flow of excited-state energy or electrons, respectively, to the fullerene moiety, which resides in the central core. Due to the relatively high reduction potential of the fullerene core, which is anodically shifted by approximately equal to 0.7 V, compared with that of pristine C(60), the outcome of these intramolecular reactions depends mainly on the donor ability of the peripheral system. Interestingly, the charge-separated state in the o-phenylene diamine heptad (7; tau=2380 ns in benzonitrile) is stabilized by a factor of 20 relative to the corresponding o-phenylene diamine dyad (6; tau=120 ns in benzonitrile), an effect that points unequivocally to the optimized storage of charges in this highly functionalized fullerene ensemble.
Combinatorial Study of Ceramic Tape-Casting Slurries (2012)

Ceramic tape-casting slurries are complex systems composed of ceramic powder, solvent, and a number of organic components. Conventionally, the development of ceramic tape-casting slurries is time-consuming and of low efficiency. In this work, combinatorial approaches were applied to screen the ethanol and ethyl-acetate binary solvent based slurry for ceramic green tape-casting. The combinatorial libraries were designed considering the variation of the amount of PVB (Poly vinyl-butyral) binder, polyethylene-400, and butyl-benzyl-phthalate plasticizers, and glyceryl triacetate dispersant. A parallel magnetic stirring process was used to make the combinatorial slurry library. The properties mapping of the slurry library was obtained by investigating the sedimentation and rheological characteristics of the slurries. The slurry composition was refined by scaling up the experiments and comparing the microstructure, mechanical property, and sintering behavior of green tapes made from the selected slurries. Finally, a kind of ethanol-ethyl acetate binary solvent based slurry system suitable for making X7R dielectric ceramic green tapes was achieved.
Future applications of antioxidants in premature infants (2010)

Potential therapies for ROS-induced disease include both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant preparations. More research is required to determine the beneficial effects of supplemental antioxidant therapy.
Confirming the validity and responsiveness of the Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale-12 (MSWS-12) (2004)

The 12-item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale (MSWS-12) is a new, self-rated measure of walking ability. The scale has not been independently validated for use in differing MS populations. One hundred forty-nine patients in the community and 53 hospital outpatients with MS completed the MSWS-12 and other outcome measures. The psychometric properties of the MSWS-12 were excellent, and in particular the scale is responsive to change.
Culture and Analysis of Circulating Fibrocytes (2007)

Fibrocytes circulate in the peripheral blood, produce collagen and other matrix proteins, and express cell surface markers indicative of a hematopoetic origin distinguishing them from fibroblasts. Circulating fibrocytes were first identified in 1994 in a model system of wound repair, and defined by their growth characteristics and unique surface phenotype. The methods currently employed for the isolation, growth, and characterization of peripheral blood fibrocytes rely on the entry of "fibroblast-like" cells into wound chambers, or the derivation of "fibroblast-like" cells from the buffy coat of peripheral blood obtained from different mammalian species. In this protocol, we culture fibrocytes from the mononuclear cells of peripheral blood and harvest the cultured cells for flow cytometry analysis.
Preparation of poly(dimethylsiloxane)–polypeptide block copolymers (1982)

Block copolymers composed of poly(dimethylsiloxane) segments linked to polypeptide have been synthesized by reacting primary amine-terminated silicone with N-carboxy anhydrides of amino acids. The amine-terminated silicone was prepared by reacting “living” polysilanolate with γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The block copolymers prepared consisted of segments of poly(DL-phenylalanine) or poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate). The block copolymers were purified by extraction with solvents which are selective for the homopolymers. Analysis of the products was accomplished by hydrolysis of the polypeptide segments, infrared spectra, gel permeation chromatography, and elemental analysis. The content of the copolymers ranged from 50 to 87% polypeptide.
Broadband 10Gb/s graphene electro-absorption modulator on silicon for chip-level optical interconnects (2014)

We report the first silicon integrated graphene optical electro-absorption modulator capable of 10Gb/s modulation speed. We demonstrate low insertion loss and low drive voltage combined with broadband and athermal operation in a compact hybrid graphene-Si device, outperforming Si(Ge) optical modulators for future chip-level optical interconnect application.
Biologically Active Glycosides from Asteroidea, XXXI. Glycosphingolipids from the Starfish <i>Asterias amurensis versicolor</i> sladen, 2. Structure and Biological Activity of Ganglioside Molecular Species (1993)

Abstract Two ganglioside molecular species [GAA‐6 ( 1 ) and GAA‐7 ( 4 )] have been obtained from the water‐soluble lipid fraction of the chloroform/methanol extract of the whole bodies of the starfish Asterias amurensis versicolor Sladen. The structures of these ganglioside molecular species have been determined on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic findings. GAA‐6 ( 1 ) is a starfish ganglioside molecular species resembling a mammalian brain ganglioside, GM 3 . In contrast, GAA‐7 ( 4 ) is assigned the same structure as that of the main ganglioside [3] from Asterias amurensis [4] for the oligosaccharide moiety. Partial hydrolysis of oligosaccharide moieties with hot water or dilute acetic acid has proved useful for the structure elucidation of the ganglioside molecular species. Moreover, the Mayn ganglioside molecular species, GAA‐7 ( 4 ), shows neuritogenic and growth‐inhibitory activities towards the mouse neuroblastoma cell line (Neuro 2a). The structure‐activity relationship of starfish gangliosides is also discussed.
A stationary hemispherical SPECT imager for three-dimensional brain imaging. (1993)

A completely stationary, hemispherical-coded aperture SPECT imaging system was designed to produce three-dimensional images of the brain. The system consisted of a hemispherical multiple-pinhole coded aperture and 20 small (100 x 100 mm crystal area) digital gamma cameras. Reconstructions and measured performance specifications from two laboratory versions of the imager are presented. The reconstructed field of view of these systems was an ellipsoidal region with semi-diameters of 100 x 100 x 50 mm. The reconstructed spatial resolution for a point source in air at the center of this field was found to be 4.8 mm FWHM and the corresponding system sensitivity was 36 cps/microCi. An analysis using an ideal-observer model indicated that the multiplexed projection data suffered a 21% degradation relative to similar, but nonmultiplexed SPECT data. Therefore, by this measure, the effective sensitivity of the brain imager was 79% of the measured value.