gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Photobiological Production of Hydrogen: Potential Efficiency and Effectiveness as a Renewable Fuel (2005)

Photosynthetic microorganisms can produce hydrogen when illuminated, and there has been considerable interest in developing this to a commercially viable process. Its appealing aspects include the fact that the hydrogen would come from water, and that the process might be more energetically efficient than growing, harvesting, and processing crops. We review current knowledge about photobiological hydrogen production, and identify and discuss some of the areas where scientific and technical breakthroughs are essential for commercialization. First we describe the underlying biochemistry of the process, and identify some opportunities for improving photobiological hydrogen production at the molecular level. Then we address the fundamental quantum efficiency of the various processes that have been suggested, technological issues surrounding large-scale growth of hydrogen-producing microorganisms, and the scale and efficiency on which this would have to be practiced to make a significant contribution to current energy use.
Perfluoroallyl fluorosulfate, a reactive new perfluoroallylating agent (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPerfluoroallyl fluorosulfate, a reactive new perfluoroallylating agentCarl G. Krespan and David V. EnglandCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 18, 5598–5599Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00408a066https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00408a066research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views470Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Application of linear and nonlinear models for the temperature and pH behavior of a solid state fermented cocoa shell (<em>Theobroma cacao</em> L.) (2019)

Linear, quadratic, cubic, compound, exponential and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the temperature and pH dynamics of a solid-state fermented (SSF) cocoa shell (Theobroma cacao L.) treated with natural yogurt for use in animals. For this purpose, temperature and pH were checked in silage samples of 0, 1, 4, 8, 15 and 30 days. For the processing of the data, the statistical package SPSS version 22 was used. The behavior of the two variables were adjusted to a cubic model: temperature (R2 = 0.88; Y = 23.8145630348868 + 0.188*X - 0.022*X2 + 0.00054*X3) and pH (R2 = 0.95; Y = 5.543420742606556 - 0.3620949736293026*X + 0.02686662258086579*X2 - 0.0005405196051196668*X3). In conclusion, the temperature and pH behavior were adjusted to a non-linear cubic model, and were kept within the optimal ranges for the production of SSF of optimum quality for use in animals.
Intrusion detection method based on immune and rough sets theory (2006)

Intrusion detection system has become the research hotspot because it can provide dynamic protection for computer system. Aiming at the problems existed in actual methods or models of intrusion detection, an effective method for intrusion detection based on immune theory and rough sets theory was presented in this paper. The circular sequences of system call sequences generated during the normal execution of a process is replaced by circular body, then, a little data is extracted from normal system call sequences, and is transformed to decisive table, afterward, the decisive table is reduced and the simplest rules that present normal behavior mode is extracted from reduct by rough sets theory. These rules can be used to detect anomalous behavior. In order to realize the quick detection of known intrusion, an engine of quick detection inspired by immune system theory was presented in this paper. Compared with other methods in the literature, the method presented in this paper is not only able to extract a set of effective detection rules with the minimum size from part of records of system call sequences, but also can detect the known intrusion quickly. Experiments show that this method in this paper is better than other methods based on system call.
Stemming and N-gram matching for term conflation in Turkish texts (1996)

One of the main problems involved in the use of free text for indexing and retrieval is the variation in word forms that is likely to be encountered. The most common type of variations are spelling errors, alternative spellings, multi-word concepts, transliteration, affixes and abbreviations. One way to alleviate this problem is to use a conflation algorithm, a computational procedure that is designed to bring together words that are semantically related, and to reduce them to a single form for retrieval purposes. In this paper, we discuss the use of conflation techniques for Turkish text databases.
Antitumor Effect of an Adeno‐associated Virus Vector Containing the <i>Human Interferon‐β</i> Gene on Experimental Intracranial Human Glioma (2002)

We constructed an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector containing the human interferon-beta (HuIFN-b ) gene (AAV-IFN-beta) and investigated its antitumor effect against human glioma cells (U251-SP) inoculated into the brain of nude mice. Prior to this, we examined human glioma cells transduced with AAV-IFN-beta using video-enhanced contrast differential interference contrast (VEC-DIC) microscopy. Infection of AAV-IFN-beta induced apoptosis and secondary necrosis in human glioma cells. In in vivo experiments, we confirmed production of HuIFN-beta and induction of heat-shock protein (HSP) in glioma cells transduced with AAV-IFN-beta. Growth of the experimental gliomas was completely inhibited by six injections of AAV-IFN-beta, starting 7 days after transplantation of glioma cells. In addition, the survival of mice treated with AAV-IFN-beta was remarkably prolonged. These results indicate that AAV-IFN-beta induces apoptosis of glioma cells and has a strong antitumor effect in this experimental glioma model.
A HEURISTIC MOVING VEHICLE LOCATION PREDICTION TECHNIQUE VIA OPTIMAL PATHS SELECTION WITH AID OF GENETIC ALGORITHM AND FEED FORWARD BACK PROPAGATION NEURAL NETWORK (2012)

The moving object or vehicle location prediction based on their spatial and temporal information is an important task in many applications. Different methods were utilized for performing the vehicle movement detection and prediction process. In such works, there is a lack of analysis in predicting the vehicles location in current as well as in future. Moreover, such methods compute the vehicles movement by finding the topological relationships among trajectories and locations, whereas the representative GPS points are determined by the 30 m circular window. Due to this process, the performance of the method is degraded because such 30 m circular window is selected by calculating the error range in the given input image and such error range may vary from image to image. To reduce the drawback presented in the existing method, in this study a heuristic moving vehicle location prediction algorithm is proposed. The proposed heuristic algorithm mainly comprises two techniques namely, optimization GA algorithm and FFBNN. In this proposed technique, initially the vehicles frequent paths are collected by monitoring all the vehicles movement in a specific period. Among the frequent paths, the vehicles optimal paths are computed by the GA algorithm. The selected optimal paths for each vehicle are utilized to train the FFBNN. The well trained FFBNN is then utilized to find the vehicle movement from the current location. By combining the proposed heuristic algorithm with GA and FFBNN, the vehicles location is predicted efficiently. The implementation result shows the effectiveness of the proposed heuristic algorithm in predicting the vehicles future location from the current location. The performance of the heuristic algorithm is evaluated by comparing the result with the RBF classifier. The comparison result shows our proposed technique acquires an accurate vehicle location prediction ratio than the RBF prediction ratio, in terms of accuracy.
Optimal Energy Management for a mechanical-hybrid vehicle with cold start conditions (2013)

This paper presents the design of an optimal Energy Management Strategy (EMS) for a hybrid vehicle that starts with a cold powertrain. The cold start negatively affects the combustion and transmission efficiency of the powertrain, caused by the higher frictional losses due to increased hydrodynamic viscosity effects. The excess fuel consumption of the engine and the excess power loss of the transmission are modeled by static relations as a function of the lubrication oil temperature. The thermodynamics in the powertrain during the heating period of the powertrain is approximated by a first-order dynamic model. The main design criterion for the optimal EMS is the minimization of the overall fuel consumption over a pre-defined driving cycle. Dynamic programming is used to find the globally optimal solution for six representative driving cycles. The results show that the cold start has a significant impact on the fuel consumption of the hybrid vehicle, yet its influence on the optimal EMS is negligible.
Why some colors appear more memorable than others: A model combining categories and particulars in color working memory. (2015)

Categorization with basic color terms is an intuitive and universal aspect of color perception. Yet research on visual working memory capacity has largely assumed that only continuous estimates within color space are relevant to memory. As a result, the influence of color categories on working memory remains unknown. We propose a dual content model of color representation in which color matches to objects that are either present (perception) or absent (memory) integrate category representations along with estimates of specific values on a continuous scale ("particulars"). We develop and test the model through 4 experiments. In a first experiment pair, participants reproduce a color target, both with and without a delay, using a recently influential estimation paradigm. In a second experiment pair, we use standard methods in color perception to identify boundary and focal colors in the stimulus set. The main results are that responses drawn from working memory are significantly biased away from category boundaries and toward category centers. Importantly, the same pattern of results is present without a memory delay. The proposed dual content model parsimoniously explains these results, and it should replace prevailing single content models in studies of visual working memory. More broadly, the model and the results demonstrate how the main consequence of visual working memory maintenance is the amplification of category related biases and stimulus-specific variability that originate in perception.
An experimental study on the use of manual pressure to reduce pain in intramuscular injections (2002)

To investigate whether the application of manual pressure to the injection site before intramuscular injection reduces pain. An experimental study with intrasubject comparison was conducted using manual pressure to reduce pain associated with intramuscular injection. Seventy-four subjects, participating in an immunization vaccination campaign, were recruited by convenience sampling from a university. They were required to receive two doses of vaccines via intramuscular injections. One was given in a conventional way, i.e. without manual pressure being applied prior to the injection (control condition). The other was given with manual pressure being applied prior to the injection (experimental condition) for 10 seconds. The two conditions were randomly allocated for each subject. The instrument for measuring the perceived pain intensity was the Pain Intensity Verbal Rating Scale (Cantonese). To ensure the consistency of manual pressure being applied to the injection site, a mechanical pressure sensor device was used to record the manual pressure being applied. The mean manual pressure applied was 190.82 mmHg (SD=5.25). Results demonstrated a significant difference in the perceived pain intensity for experimental and control conditions. Subjects with manual pressure applied before injections reported lower pain intensity scores, whilst those without the application of manual pressure before injections reported higher pain intensity scores. Applying manual pressure to an injection site before performing an injection could be an effective means of decreasing pain intensity.
Dynamic Bitmap for Huge File System (2002)

본 논문에서는 동적 비트맵 할당 기법을 사용하는 새로운 파일 시스템 기법에 대하여 제안한다. 기존의 파일 시스템들이 슈퍼블록, 아이노드, 디렉토리 엔트리와 같은 메타데이터를 위해 고정된 비트맵 구조의 의존하는 반면, 제안된 기법은 파일 시스템의 특성에 따라 비트맵과 할당 영역을 할당한다. 제안된 기법은 기존의 파일 시스템에서 디스크의 이용율이 파일의 크기에 의존하는 문제를 해결하였다. 성능평가를 통해서 동적 비트맵을 이용한 제안된 파일 시스템이 기존의 기법에 비해 효율적으로 디스크를 사용함을 보였다. In this paper we propose a new mechanism for file system using a dynamic bitmap assignment. While traditional file systems rely on a fixed bitmap structures for metadata such as super block, inode, and directory entries, the proposed file system allocates bitmap and allocation area depends on file system features. Our approach gives a solution of the problem that the utilization of the file system depends on the file size in the traditional file systems. We show that the proposed mechanism is superior in the efficiency of disk usage compared to the traditional mechanisms.
Confinement d’un plasma par un systeme polyedrique à courant alternatif (1966)

Un plasme confiné par une configuration polyédrique est exploré au moyen d’une sonde piézoélectrique et photographié avec une caméra électronique. La configuration de champ est formée de deux systèmes de conducteurs, l’un octaédrique et l’autre cubique tronqué, alimentés par des courants de haute fréquence déphasés de 90° l’un par rapport à l’autre. Le tout se comporte en moyenne comme un cusp possédant un grand nombre de points de fuite répartis sur une sphère. On observe une onde sphérique convergente. Le rendement du transfert d’énergie au plasma est élevé.
Action of Bacteriophage on Mixed Strain Cultures (1955)

Mixed strain cultures, used extensively for the manu- facture of certain dairy products, have generally been thought to give a measure of protection against pos- sible serious retardation of acid development resulting from attack by bacteriophages.Yet little information is available as to the influence that continued propaga- tion has on the individual strains of lactic streptococci.Nichols and Ineson (1947) reported that certain strains rapidly outgrow others and become responsible for most of the acid produced in mixtures.Domination occurred at 22 C and at 32 C, and wide differences in inocula did not determine ultimate strain dominance.This investigation of domination among laboratory strains of lactic streptococci was combined with an investigation of the extent of domination within certain commercial cultures that had produced acid sub- normally in the manufacture of cottage cheese.Five laboratory strains of streptococci and 14 commercial cultures were studied.EXPERIMENTAL Domination Among Laboratory Strains of Lactic Streptococci Methods.The bacteria-bacteriophage combinations arbitrarily chosen for use in preparing mixtures were W2-F24, 565-F54, 712-F56, ML1-F69, and H1,10- PF10.The strains of bacteria were identified by Collins et al. (1950) as follows: Strains W2, 565, and 712 were Streptococcus lactis; strains ML1 and H1,10 were Streptococcus cremoris.Each of these strains is lysed only by its specific strain of bacteriophage out of the group studied.Since bacteriophage F56 inhibits W2, without multiplying during the inhibition (Collins, 1952), it was not added to mixtures containing culture W2.Titers of bacteriophage filtrates were determined by the limiting active dilution method (Collins, 1951).Dilutions were made in sterile skimmilk, and those
Taming of Fluoroform: Direct Nucleophilic Trifluoromethylation of Si, B, S, and C Centers (2012)

Fluoroform (CF(3)H), a large-volume by-product of the manufacture of Teflon, refrigerants, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), fire-extinguishing agents, and foams, is a potent and stable greenhouse gas that has found little practical use despite the growing importance of trifluoromethyl (CF3) functionality in more structurally elaborate pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials. Direct nucleophilic trifluoromethylation using CF(3)H has been a challenge. Here, we report on a direct trifluoromethylation protocol using close to stoichiometric amounts of CF(3)H in common organic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), diethyl ether, and toluene. The methodology is widely applicable to a variety of silicon, boron, and sulfur-based electrophiles, as well as carbon-based electrophiles.
Resolvins and aliamides: lipid autacoids in ophthalmology &ndash; what promise do they hold? (2016)

Resolvins are a novel class of lipid-derived endogenous molecules (autacoids) with potent immunomodulating properties, which regulate the resolution phase of an active immune response. These modulating factors are locally produced, influencing the function of cells and/or tissues, which are produced on demand and subsequently metabolized in the same cells and/or tissues. This review is focused on certain lipid autacoids with putative relevance for ophthalmology in general and for dry eye more specifically. We also briefly investigate the concept of aliamides and the role of palmitoylethanolamide in ophthalmology, and analyze in more detail the putative role and the preclinical and clinical development of resolvins as emerging treatments for dry eye and related disorders, with a focus on one of the lead resolvin derivatives - RX-10045.
Retention Forces of a Liquid Slug in a Rough Capillary Tube with Symmetric or Asymmetric Features (2007)

On surfaces with asymmetric "sawtooth" features, liquid slugs or drops tend to move preferentially in one direction. In this theoretical study, the imbalance of capillary forces that leads to directionally biased wetting is examined. Capillary tubes with symmetric and asymmetric sawtooth features were used to estimate the ratios of retention forces in opposing directions. Our analysis suggests that the difference between the retention force in one direction versus the other can be maximized by increasing feature asymmetry and minimizing inherent hysteresis of the materials of construction. This work has implications for small channels or surfaces of fluid-handling components found in microfluidic devices and fuel cells.
Optimizing Multiple-Field Scheduling and Production Strategy with Reduced Risk (2003)

Abstract Large, multiple-field Exploration & Production (E&P) assets require long-term commitments of capital that are tied to decisions on facilities, wells, scheduling, and production strategy. The decisions often must be made when there are high uncertainties, leading to risks. This paper presents a system which integrates finite-difference reservoir simulation, an economics model, and a Monte Carlo algorithm with a global optimization search algorithm to identify more optimal reservoir planning and management decision alternatives under conditions of uncertainty, such that the associated risks are managed. The optimization problem is posed with the business goals stated as a general objective function and includes all constraints (economic, reservoir, production, and statistical) that need to be honored. The method is illustrated with an example of an E&P asset with multiple oil fields produced through a common surface network. The formulation of the example problem includes decision variables for the scheduling of reservoir units, the number of wells, and production rate capacities. It incorporates the nonlinear response of the objective to reservoir performance and surface pressure constraint through a flow simulator. The analysis is multi-period, evaluating the impact of predicted performance over time for each decision alternative. The individual reservoir units have uncertainties in hydrocarbon volumes and quality, reservoir deliverability, and costs. Decision solutions for objective functions of net present value (NPV) that mitigate risks are presented.
A “turn-on” fluorescent sensor for detection of Pb2+ based on graphene oxide and G-quadruplex DNA (2013)

A rapid, sensitive and selective fluorescence sensor for detection of Pb(2+) was developed based on a Pb(2+)-induced G-quadruplex and graphene oxide. By using a specific G-rich DNA sequence, this strategy provided a promising alternative to Pb(2+) determination in the presence of Hg(2+) escaping from the use of a masking agent of Hg(2+).
Seamless correction of the sickle cell disease mutation of the <i>HBB</i> gene in human induced pluripotent stem cells using TALENs (2013)

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common human genetic disease which is caused by a single mutation of human β-globin (HBB) gene. The lack of long-term treatment makes the development of reliable cell and gene therapies highly desirable. Disease-specific patient-derived human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have great potential for developing novel cell and gene therapies. With the disease-causing mutations corrected in situ, patient-derived hiPSCs can restore normal cell functions and serve as a renewable autologous cell source for the treatment of genetic disorders. Here we successfully utilized transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), a recently emerged novel genome editing tool, to correct the SCD mutation in patient-derived hiPSCs. The TALENs we have engineered are highly specific and generate minimal off-target effects. In combination with piggyBac transposon, TALEN-mediated gene targeting leaves no residual ectopic sequences at the site of correction and the corrected hiPSCs retain full pluripotency and a normal karyotype. Our study demonstrates an important first step of using TALENs for the treatment of genetic diseases such as SCD, which represents a significant advance toward hiPSC-based cell and gene therapies.