gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of multivariable extremum seeking algorithms (2000)

This paper presents a systematic approach for the analysis of extremum seeking algorithms (ESA). In applications, these algorithms are used to determine and track the parameters that optimize a system level cost function in real time. The design of multiparameter ESA is greatly facilitated by the availability of simple models that explain the algorithm operation. In this paper, a simple model for stability and performance calculations is given. The model approximates the behavior of the ESA with an accuracy that improves as the dither frequencies used by the ESA are increased. The model predicts ESA stability and performance even if the cost function measurements are corrupted by noise or additional process dynamics. The model is for the general case of multivariable online optimization. Our approach to the analysis supports the addition of dynamic compensation in the ESA. Guidelines for the selection of the dither and the dynamic compensator are derived from our model.
Characterisation of Memory Effects and Development of an Effective Wash Protocol for the Measurement of Petrogenetically Critical Trace Elements in Geological Samples by ICP‐MS (1997)

High sensitivity and low detection limits would seem to make inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) an ideal analytical tool for determining low (sub‐μg g ‐1 ) concentrations of the rare earth elements (REE), Y, Zr, Nb, Hf, Ta, Sn, W, Mo, Th, and U in most mafic materials (e.g. Hall and Plant 1992). However, the generally “sticky” nature exhibited by most of the high field strength elements (HFSEs: Zr, Nb, Hf, Ta, Th and U) as well as Sn, W and Mo can result in spurious results due to memory effects transmitted between unknowns and calibration samples. This, in turn, can seriously compromise the sensitivity, accuracy, and precision of ICP‐MS analyses for these elements in geological materials. Data resulting from analyses with poor accuracy and precision can lead to erroneous interpretation and misleading petrogenetic modelling. To resolve this problem, we propose an effective wash protocol for these critical trace elements.
Signal Processing for Music Analysis (2011)

Music signal processing may appear to be the junior relation of the large and mature field of speech signal processing, not least because many techniques and representations originally developed for speech have been applied to music, often with good results. However, music signals possess specific acoustic and structural characteristics that distinguish them from spoken language or other nonmusical signals. This paper provides an overview of some signal analysis techniques that specifically address musical dimensions such as melody, harmony, rhythm, and timbre. We will examine how particular characteristics of music signals impact and determine these techniques, and we highlight a number of novel music analysis and retrieval tasks that such processing makes possible. Our goal is to demonstrate that, to be successful, music audio signal processing techniques must be informed by a deep and thorough insight into the nature of music itself.
Luminescence spectra of an <i>n</i>-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor at breakdown (1990)

Photon emission occurs from the drain gate boundary of a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor when drain bias exceeds the drain-to-source breakdown value. Spectral measurement of luminescence has been carried out over a wide range 0.7–3.1 eV in order to understand the origin of the emission. Three different types of detectors are used to measure the luminescence spectrum. A continuous broad spectrum is observed with a peak near 1.0 eV. The emission intensity decreases almost exponentially in the higher energy range.
O‐GlcNAc turns twenty: functional implications for post‐translational modification of nuclear and cytosolic proteins with a sugar (2003)

O-linked beta-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a dynamic nucleocytoplasmic post-translational modification more analogous to phosphorylation than to classical complex O-glycosylation. A large number of nuclear and cytosolic proteins are modified by O-GlcNAc. Proteins modified by O-GlcNAc include transcription factors, signaling components, and metabolic enzymes. While the modification has been known for almost 20 years, functions for the monosaccharide modification are just now emerging. In this review, we will focus on the cycling enzymes and emerging roles for this post-translational modification in regulating signal transduction and transcription. Finally, we will discuss future directions and the working model of O-GlcNAc serving as a nutrient sensor.
Effect of Ang-2-VEGF-A Bispecific Antibody in Renal Cell Carcinoma (2015)

The blockade of VEGF pathway has been clinically validated as an initial treatment for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) has been indicated as a key regulator for angiogenesis escape. The effect of a novel bispecific antibody (A2V CrossMab) against both Ang-2 and VEGF was investigated in comparison with either factor. A2V CrossMab significantly reduced tumor volume, vessel density, and interstitial fluid pressure compared to either monotherapy of anti-VEGF or anti-Ang-2. Host-derived angiogenesis-related genes have been significantly down-regulated in A2V CrossMab group. These data demonstrate that A2V CrossMab has additive anti-tumor effect for the treatment of RCC.
DC transport measurements at 77 K of high J/sub c/ cryostabilized melt processed YBCO monofilament (1991)

DC transport critical current density measurements, with J/sub c/ values up to 1.4*10/sup 5/ A/cm/sup 2/ in zero field and 4.4*10/sup 4/ A/cm/sup 2/ in 1 T, performed in liquid nitrogen on melt-processed YBCO fiber from 0 to 1 T, are reported. The measurement technique is described, and the effects of contact heating and cryostabilization are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Summary of Randomized Trials of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (1999)

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been shown to reduce the risk of death, worsening heart failure and recurrent infarction in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure. They have also been shown to reduce mortality in the acute phase of myocardial infarction. They have been demonstrated to reduce major vascular events and progression of renal disease in diabetes with hypertension, compared to placebo and to calcium channel blockers. Current trials are evaluating their role in preventing major vascular events in patients with coronary artery disease, strokes and Type II diabetes who are normotensive.
In situ synthesis of porous silicananoparticles for covalent immobilization of enzymes (2011)

A simple method is used to covalently encapsulate enzymes in silica nanoparticles. The encapsulation is highlighted by the high enzyme loading and porous channels that provide efficient diffusion for small substrate and product molecules while preventing protease degradation.
A focus effect in some thermal imaging systems (2013)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation P. Saunders, D. R. White; A focus effect in some thermal imaging systems. AIP Conf. Proc. 11 September 2013; 1552 (1): 625–630. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4821398 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Techniques for multilayer channel routing (1988)

The techniques described have been implemented in a multilayer channel router called Chameleon. Chameleon consists of two stages: a partitioner and a detailed router. The partitioner divides the problems into two-layer and three-layer subproblems such that global channel area is minimized. The detailed router then implements the connections using generalizations of the algorithms used in YACR2 (see ibid., vol.CAD-4, no.3, p.208-19, 1985). In particular, a three-dimensional maze router is used for the vertical connections; this methodology is effective even when cycle constraints are present. Chameleon has produced optimal results on a wide range of industrial and academic examples for a variety of layer and pitch combinations, and can handle a variety of technology constraints.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Growth in the Presence of Salicylate Increases Fluoroquinolone Resistance in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (1999)

Salicylate and acetylsalicylate slightly increased fluoroquinolone resistance in ciprofloxacin-susceptible and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Salicylate allowed a greater number of cells from ciprofloxacin-susceptible and -resistant strains to survive on high fluoroquinolone concentrations. Salicylate also increased the frequency with which a susceptible strain mutated to become more resistant to ciprofloxacin.
Proarrhythmic effects of antiarrhythmic drugs assessed by electrophysiologic study in recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia. (1991)

Proarrhythmic responses were evaluated in repeated electrophysiologic studies (EPS) in 27 patients with inducible ventricular tachycardia (VT). Class Ia drugs were administered to 23, Ib to 6, Ic to 4, III to 5 and IV to 9 patients. The mean age was 53 years, and 18 patients had structural heart diseases. Pleomorphism was observed in 11 patients. In 4 patients (15%), the VT cycle length (CL) shortened by 50 ms or more in EPS during the administration of antiarrhythmic drugs. VT was inducible by a less aggressive induction mode than the control study in 9 patients (33%). In 4 patients (15%), the induced VT changed to the incessant form, and the other 2 patients (7%) required DC shocks due to hemodynamic deterioration. Patients with pleomorphic VT and/or structural heart diseases seemed to develop proarrhythmia more frequently. In total, some proarrhythmic response was observed in 13 (48%) of the 27 patients. Therefore, it should be kept in mind that proarrhythmic effects are frequently observed during antiarrhythmic therapy in patients with sustained VT. The action of the drugs on the slow conduction zone may vary, which may provide a basis for the development of proarrhythmia.
Ligand‐specific dose–response of heterologously expressed olfactory receptors (2003)

Primary olfactory neuronal cultures exposed to odorant stimulation have previously exhibited concentration-related effects in terms of intracellular cAMP levels and adenylate cyclase activity [Ronnett, G.V., Parfitt, D.J., Hester, L.D. & Snyder, S.H. (1991) PNAS88, 2366-2369]. Maximal stimulation occurred for intermediate concentrations, whereas AC activity declined for both low and high odorant concentrations. We suspected that this behavior might be ascribed to the intrinsic response of the first molecular species concerned by odorant detection, i.e. the olfactory receptor itself. In order to check this hypothesis, we developed an heterologous expression system in mammalian cells to characterize the functional response of receptors to odorants. Two mammalian olfactory receptors were used to initiate the study, the rat I7 olfactory receptor and the human OR17-40 olfactory receptor. The cellular response of transfected cells to an odorant stimulation was tested by a spectrofluorimetric intracellular calcium assay, and proved in all cases to be dose-dependent for the known ligands of these receptors, with an optimal response for intermediate concentrations. Further experiments were carried out with the rat I7 olfactory receptor, for which the sensitivity to an odorant, indicated by the concentration yielding the optimal calcium response, depended on the carbon chain length of the aldehydic odorant. The response is thus both ligand-specific and dose-dependent. We thus demonstrate that a differential dose-response originates from the olfactory receptor itself, which is thus capable of efficient discrimination between closely related agonists.
Effect of Nitrous Oxide on Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission in Hippocampal Cultures (1998)

Nitrous oxide (N2O; laughing gas) has been a widely used anesthetic/analgesic since the 19th century, although its cellular mechanism of action is not understood. Here we characterize the effects of N2O on excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in microcultures of rat hippocampal neurons, a preparation in which anesthetic effects on monosynaptic communication can be examined in a setting free of polysynaptic network variables. Eighty percent N2O occludes peak NMDA receptor-mediated (NMDAR) excitatory autaptic currents (EACs) with no effect on the NMDAR EAC decay time course. N2O also mildly depresses AMPA receptor-mediated (AMPAR) EACs. We find that N2O inhibits both NMDA and non-NMDA receptor-mediated responses to exogenous agonist. The postsynaptic blockade of NMDA receptors exhibits slight apparent voltage dependence, whereas the blockade of AMPA receptors is not voltage dependent. Although the degree of ketamine and Mg2+ blockade of NMDA-induced responses is dependent on permeant ion concentration, the degree of N2O blockade is not. We also observe a slight and variable prolongation of GABAA receptor-mediated (GABAR) postsynaptic currents likely caused by previously reported effects of N2O on GABAA receptors. Despite the effects of N2O on both NMDA and non-NMDA ionotropic receptors, glial glutamate transporter currents and metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated synaptic depression are not affected. Paired-pulse depression, the frequency of spontaneous miniature excitatory synaptic currents, and high-voltage-activated calcium currents are not affected by N2O. Our results suggest that the effects of N2O on synaptic transmission are confined to postsynaptic targets.
Microstrip to waveguide transition compatible with MM-wave integrated circuits (1994)

Microstrip to waveguide transitions used presently typically require a relatively complex waveguide mount extending on both sides of the planar circuit. Additionally, the planar substrate has to be cut into specific forms limiting the flexibility of the planar circuit design and complexity. In this paper, a new type of transition is described based on the principle of slot coupled antennas radiating into the waveguide. In this way, the extension of the planar circuit is not restricted, and at the same time, the involved antenna element can be used to hermetically seal the microwave/MM-wave input.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
LIQUID–LIQUID EXTRACTION OF VARIOUS METAL IONS WITH POLYETHYLENEGLYCOL AND ITS DERIVATIVES (1976)

Abstract Polyethyleneglycol (PEG) and its derivatives of high molecular weight, including polypropyleneglycol, were found to be used as extractants for the liquid–liquid extraction of small amounts of various metal ions. Their extraction with these extractants were studied from thiocyanate and iodide solutions. The extraction power of these extractants increased with the increasing number of ehtylene-oxide groups in PEG’s. The extractability of metal ions from their thiocyanate solution increased in the following order: Zn(II)&gt;Mo(V)&gt;Co(II)&gt;Fe(III)&gt;V(IV)&gt;Cu(I)&gt;Hg(II)&gt;Cd(II)&gt;Pb(II)&gt;Ni(II)
Activation and deactivation in blood oxygenation level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (2003)

Abstract Decreases in the blood oxygenation level dependent signal are somewhat puzzling for several reasons. The first is the synaptic complexity in interactive networks, and the second involves the interplay between oxidative demand and perfusion in producing signal change. The third reason involves the relativity of both activation and deactivation to the choice of the baseline condition. The fourth is that deactivations could reflect passive shunting of blood to activating areas as easily as they reflect active inhibition. However, understanding deactivations is necessary to fully understand how excitation and inhibition affect functional images. We propose strategies using convergent experiments as a means of elucidating the nature of deactivations. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 16A: 63–70, 2003
Graphene/P(VDF-TrFE) Heterojunction Based Wearable Sensors with Integrated Piezoelectric Energy Harvester (2018)

Graphene, with its outstanding material properties, including high carrier mobility, atomically thin nature, and ability to tolerate mechanical deformation related strain up to 20% before breaking, make it very attractive for developing highly sensitive and conformable strain/pressure sensor for wearable electronics. Unfortunately, graphene by itself is not piezoresistive, so developing a strain sensor utilizing just graphene is challenging. Fortunately, graphene synthesized on Cu foil can be transferred to arbitrary substrates (preserving its high quality), including flexible polymer substrates, which will allow the overall flexibility and conformability of the sensing element, to be maintained. Furthermore, a graphene/polymer based sensor devices can be easily patterned into an array over dimensions reaching several feet, taking advantage of large area synthesis of graphene, which will make the ultimate sensor very inexpensive. If a piezo-electric polymer, such as P(VDF-TrFE), is chosen to form a heterojunction with graphene, it will strongly affect the carrier density in graphene, due to the fixed charge developing on its surface under strain or pressure. Taking advantage of the high carrier mobility in graphene, such a charge change can result in very high sensitivity to pressure and strain. Hence, these features, coupled with the flexible nature of the device and ease of fabrication, make it a very attractive candidate for use in the growing wearable technology market, especially biomedical applications and smart health monitoring system as well as virtual reality sensors.\nIn this dissertation, various unique properties of graphene and P(VDF-TrFE), and their current applications and trends are discussed in chapter 1. Additionally, synthesis of graphene and P(VDF-TrFE) and their characterizations by various techniques are investigated in chapter 2. Based on piezoelectric property of P(VDF-TrFE), a highly flexible energy harvesters on PDMS as well as PET substrates have been developed and demonstrated their performances in chapter 3. As follow-up research, graphene/P(VDF-TrFE) heterojunction based wearable sensors with integrated piezoelectric energy harvester on flexible substrates have also been fabricated and demonstrated for practical wearable application in chapter 4. Finally, major findings and future directions of the project are discussed in chapter 5.
Biobased Chemicals from Conception toward Industrial Reality: Lessons Learned and To Be Learned (2012)

The development of innovative catalytic technologies to transform biomass into chemicals attracts increasing interest in both academic and industrial arenas as a means to establish a sustainable economy. This Perspective reviews relevant concepts developed in the field of chemocatalytic conversion of biomass and proposes strategies for engineering the future generations of catalytic processes devoted to the production of chemicals from lignocellulose-derived compounds. We discuss (i) approaches currently followed in the selection of biomass conversion routes to chemicals; (ii) required operating conditions to process bioderived feedstocks; (iii) design features for efficient catalysts; and finally, (iv) emerging reactor and separation options. With regard to catalyst families, particular attention is given to zeolites in view of the promising utilization of these crystalline microporous aluminosilicates in dehydration, isomerization, retro-aldolization, and oxidation reactions and of the potential of tailored (hierarchical, functionalized, or both) zeolite-based systems to attain superior performances in the transformation of biobased compounds. Throughout the way from idea to industrial reality, we put forward scientific and technological aspects of the mature petrochemical industry that could be transposed or adapted to the biobased manufacture of chemicals and indicate which knowledge will need to be developed ex novo.
Influence of Structural and Topological Constraints on the Crystallization and Melting Behavior of Polymers. 1. Ethylene/1-Octene Copolymers (1999)

Studies of the crystallization, melting, and morphology of random ethylene/1-octene copolymers by a combination of differential scanning calorimetry and atomic force microscopy are presented. Two different crystallization mechanisms prevalent in separate temperature ranges are inferred from the effect of cooling rate on the temperature dependence of crystallinity, from the reversibility of crystallization/melting phenomena at the lowest temperatures, and from the temperature dependence of kinetic parameters describing isothermal crystallization and melting. Morphological studies of these copolymers demonstrate the coexistence of two distinct crystalline superstructures (i.e., lamellae and fringed-micellar or chain cluster structures) which we tentatively associate with the two crystallization mechanisms. The multiple melting behavior of these copolymers is associated with the existence of separate morphological entities and is not explained by a mechanism of melting−recrystallization−remelting. Finally, the upward shift of the melting endotherm of secondary crystals (i.e., these formed by the low-temperature mechanism) with longer crystallization times is explained by a decrease in the molar conformational entropy of the remaining amorphous fraction as a result of secondary crystallization.
<title>Methods and techniques for advanced curve and surface modeling</title> (1996)

This paper concentrates on the modeling of complex surfaces over arbitrary topologies. Methods and techniques newly developed are presented for high-quality curve and surface modeling in CAD system, e.g., composing of rectangular and triangular patches, modeling of closed surfaces over polyhedral topologies, blending free-form surfaces with geometric continuity. The data structure and data exchange are based on STEP, the international standard for external representation of product data. NURBS (Nonuniform Rational B-spline Surface) representation is adopted as a unified approach to advanced curve and surface design.
Dynamic Vulnerability Detection on Smart Contracts Using Machine Learning (2021)

In this work we propose Dynamit, a monitoring framework to detect reentrancy vulnerabilities in Ethereum smart contracts. The novelty of our framework is that it relies only on transaction metadata and balance data from the blockchain system; our approach requires no domain knowledge, code instrumentation, or special execution environment. Dynamit extracts features from transaction data and uses a machine learning model to classify transactions as benign or harmful. Therefore, not only can we find the contracts that are vulnerable to reentrancy attacks, but we also get an execution trace that reproduces the attack. Using a random forest classifier, our model achieved more than 90 percent accuracy on 105 transactions, showing the potential of our technique.