gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Curcumin‐Mediated Therapeutic Effects in Type 2 Diabetes and Cancer (2018)

The growing prevalence of age-related diseases, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cancer, has become global health and economic problems. Due to multifactorial nature of both diseases, their pathophysiology is not completely understood so far. Compelling evidence indicates that increased oxidative stress, resulting from an imbalance between production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their clearance by antioxidant defense mechanisms, as well as the proinflammatory state contributes to the development and progression of the diseases. Curcumin (CUR; diferuloylmethane), a well-known polyphenol derived from the rhizomes of turmeric <i>Curcuma longa</i>, has attracted a great deal of attention as a natural compound with beneficial antidiabetic and anticancer properties, partly due to its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory actions. Although this polyphenolic compound is increasingly being recognized for its growing number of protective health effects, the precise molecular mechanisms through which it reduces diabetes- and cancer-related pathological events have not been fully unraveled. Hence, CUR is the subject of intensive research in the fields Diabetology and Oncology as a potential candidate in the treatment of both T2DM and cancer, particularly since current therapeutic options for their treatment are not satisfactory in clinics. In this review, we summarize the recent progress made on the molecular targets and pathways involved in antidiabetic and anticancer activities of CUR that are responsible for its beneficial health effects.
Homocarnosine elevations A cause or a sign of seizure control? (2001)

Others have used MRS to study AED effects, with results similar to those of Petroff et al.4,5⇓ However, blood flow mapping and other functional neuroimaging techniques have been used more often to study the effects of various AED.6 Most such studies describe only changes in one brain chemical or function occurring after AED use. Many AED-induced functional alterations may be irrelevant to antiseizure actions and to adverse effects of the AED. While a significant correlation of improved seizure control and an AED-induced functional alteration suggest an antiseizure action, it is essential to establish that alteration mediates improved seizure control and not merely a “fellow traveler” with the factor that improves seizure control.

Does homocarnosine elevation prevent seizures …
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Capsids Transit by the <i>trans</i> -Golgi Network, Where Viral Glycoproteins Accumulate Independently of Capsid Egress (2005)

Egress of herpes capsids from the nucleus to the plasma membrane is a complex multistep transport event that is poorly understood. The current model proposes an initial envelopment at the inner nuclear membrane of capsids newly assembled in the nucleus. The capsids are then released in cytosol by fusion with the outer nuclear membrane. They are finally reenveloped at a downstream organelle before traveling to the plasma membrane for their extracellular release. Although the trans-Golgi network (TGN) is often cited as a potential site of reenvelopment, other organelles have also been proposed, including the Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment, aggresomes, tegusomes, and early or late endosomes. To clarify this important issue, we followed herpes simplex virus type 1 egress by immunofluorescence under conditions that slowed intracellular transport and promoted the accumulation of the otherwise transient reenvelopment intermediate. The data show that the capsids transit by the TGN and point to this compartment as the main reenvelopment site, although a contribution by endosomes cannot formally be excluded. Given that viral glycoproteins are expected to accumulate where capsids acquire their envelope, we examined this prediction and found that all tested could indeed be detected at the TGN. Moreover, this accumulation occurred independently of capsid egress. Surprisingly, capsids were often found immediately adjacent to the viral glycoproteins at the TGN.
Training Complex Models with Multi-Task Weak Supervision (2019)

As machine learning models continue to increase in complexity, collecting large hand-labeled training sets has become one of the biggest roadblocks in practice. Instead, weaker forms of supervision that provide noisier but cheaper labels are often used. However, these weak supervision sources have diverse and unknown accuracies, may output correlated labels, and may label different tasks or apply at different levels of granularity. We propose a framework for integrating and modeling such weak supervision sources by viewing them as labeling different related sub-tasks of a problem, which we refer to as the <i>multi-task weak supervision</i> setting. We show that by solving a matrix completion-style problem, we can recover the accuracies of these <i>multi-task</i> sources given their dependency structure, but without any labeled data, leading to higher-quality supervision for training an end model. Theoretically, we show that the generalization error of models trained with this approach improves with the number of <i>unlabeled</i> data points, and characterize the scaling with respect to the task and dependency structures. On three fine-grained classification problems, we show that our approach leads to average gains of 20.2 points in accuracy over a traditional supervised approach, 6.8 points over a majority vote baseline, and 4.1 points over a previously proposed weak supervision method that models tasks separately.
Differential effects of helper proteins encoded by the<i>cry2A</i>and<i>cry11A</i>operons on the formation of Cry2A inclusions in<i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (1998)

To compare the differential effects of cry2A operon orf2 (29-kDa protein gene) and Cry11A operon orf3 (20-kDa protein gene) on Cry2A synthesis and inclusion formation, we expressed the cry2A gene along with either the 29-kDa gene, 20-kDa gene, or both genes. Constructs containing 20-kDa, in the presence or absence of 29-kDa, produced more Cry2A than constructs which lacked this gene. Cry2A synthesis was also higher when the 29-kDa gene was included with 20-kDa in the construct. However, even in the presence of increased Cry2A synthesis facilitated by the 20-kDa gene, typical Cry2A crystals did not form if the 29-kDa gene was not included in the construct. These results suggest that the 29-kDa and 20-kDa proteins have different functions, with the 20-kDa protein acting like a molecular chaperone to enhance net Cry2A synthesis, and the 29-kDa protein likely serving as a template for the stabilization of Cry2A molecules and their organization into the rectangular inclusion characteristic of wild-type Cry2A crystals.
Band 3 protein: Structure, flexibility and function (1994)

The electroneutral exchange of chloride and bicarbonate across the human erythrocyte membrane is facilitated by Band 3, a 911 amino acid glycoprotein. The 43 kDa amino-terminal cytosolic domain binds the cytoskeleton, haemoglobin and glycolytic enzymes. The 52 kDa carboxyl-terminal membrane domain mediates anion transport. The protein is a functional dimer, in which the two subunits probably interact with one another by an allosteric mechanism. It is proposed that the link between the mobile cytoplasmic and the membrane-spanning domains of the protein is flexible, based on recent biochemical, biophysical and structural data. This explains the long-standing puzzle that attachment to the cytoskeletal spectrin and actin does not appear to restrict the rotational movement of the Band 3 protein in the erythrocyte membrane. In the Band 3 isoform from the Southeast Asian Ovalocytes (SAO) this link is altered, resulting a tighter attachment of the cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane and a more rigid red blood cell.
Challenges with Sentiment Analysis of On-line Micro-texts (2017)

With the evolution of World Wide Web (WWW) 2.0 and the emergence of many micro-blogging and social networking sites like Twitter, the internet has become a massive source of short textual messages called on-line micro-texts, which are limited to a few number of characters (e.g. 140 characters on Twitter). These on-line micro-texts are considered as real-time text streams. Online micro-texts are extremely subjective; they contain opinions about various events, social issues, personalities, and products. However, despite being so voluminous in quantity, the qualitative nature of these micro-texts is very inconsistent. These qualitative inconsistencies of raw on-line micro-texts impose many challenges in sentiment analysis of on-line micro-texts by using the established methods of sentiment analysis of unstructured reviews. This paper presents many challenges and issues observed during sentiment analysis of On-line Microtexts.
[The effect of ascorbic acid administration on its levels in the brain tissue in intact and hypoxic 18-day-old rats]. (1990)

A single dose of ascorbic acid, 1 mg/g of body weight by the i.p. route, caused a marked increase of its content in five areas of the brain in 18-day-old laboratory rats, as compared with intact animals. Acute hypoxia at 9000 m mitigated this increase. Conversely a combination of chronic intermittent hypoxia and ascorbic acid administration led in all investigated areas of the brain to a mild but insignificant rise of values except for the vermis cerebelli, where a significant rise at the 5% level of significance occurred.
Photoelectrochemical synthesis of DNA microarrays (2009)

Optical addressing of semiconductor electrodes represents a powerful technology that enables the independent and parallel control of a very large number of electrical phenomena at the solid-electrolyte interface. To date, it has been used in a wide range of applications including electrophoretic manipulation, biomolecule sensing, and stimulating networks of neurons. Here, we have adapted this approach for the parallel addressing of redox reactions, and report the construction of a DNA microarray synthesis platform based on semiconductor photoelectrochemistry (PEC). An amorphous silicon photoconductor is activated by an optical projection system to create virtual electrodes capable of electrochemically generating protons; these PEC-generated protons then cleave the acid-labile dimethoxytrityl protecting groups of DNA phosphoramidite synthesis reagents with the requisite spatial selectivity to generate DNA microarrays. Furthermore, a thin-film porous glass dramatically increases the amount of DNA synthesized per chip by over an order of magnitude versus uncoated glass. This platform demonstrates that PEC can be used toward combinatorial bio-polymer and small molecule synthesis.
Comparative genomics reveals a functional thyroid-specific element in the far upstream region of the PAX8 gene (2010)

Results of this study reveal the presence of a thyroid-specific regulatory element in the 5' upstream region of the Pax8 gene. The identification of this regulatory element represents the first step in the investigation of upstream regulatory mechanisms that control Pax8 transcription during thyroid differentiation and are relevant to further studies on Pax8 as a candidate gene for thyroid dysgenesis.
Combined trellis coding with asymmetric modulations (1985)

The use of asymmetric signal constellations combined with optimized trellis coding to improve the performance of coded systems without increasing the average or peak power, or changing the bandwidth constraints of a system is discussed. The trellis code, asymmetric signal set, and Viterbi decoder of the system model are examined. The procedures for assigning signals to state transitions of the trellis code are described; the performance of the trellis coding system is evaluated. Examples of AM, QAM, and MPSK modulations with short memory trellis codes are presented.
Easy, fast, and energy-efficient object detection on heterogeneous on-chip architectures (2013)

We optimize a visual object detection application (that uses Vision Video Library kernels) and show that OpenCL is a unified programming paradigm that can provide high performance when running on the Ivy Bridge heterogeneous on-chip architecture. We evaluate different mapping techniques and show that running each kernel where it fits the best and using software pipelining can provide 1.91 times higher performance and 42% better energy efficiency. We also show how to trade accuracy for energy at runtime. Overall, our application can perform accurate object detection at 40 frames per second (fps) in an energy-efficient manner.
Identification of Differentially Regulated <i>Francisella tularensis</i> Genes by Use of a Newly Developed Tn <i>5</i> -Based Transposon Delivery System (2008)

Francisella tularensis is the etiologic agent of an intracellular systemic infection of the lymphatic system in humans called tularemia. The organism has become the subject of considerable research interest due to its classification as a category A select agent by the CDC. To aid genetic analysis of this pathogen, we have constructed a temperature-sensitive Tn5-based transposon delivery system that is capable of generating chromosomal reporter fusions with lacZ or luxCDABE, enabling us to monitor gene expression. Transposition is catalyzed by the hyperactive Tn5 transposase, whose expression is driven by the Francisella groES promoter. When high-temperature selection (42 degrees C) is applied to a bacterial culture carrying the transposon delivery plasmid, approximately 0.1% of the population is recovered with Tn5 insertions in the chromosome. Nucleotide sequence analysis of a sample of mutants revealed that the insertions occur randomly throughout the chromosome. The kanamycin-selectable marker of the transposon is also flanked by FLP recombination target sequences that allow deletion of the antibiotic resistance gene when desired. This system has been used to generate transposon mutant libraries for the F. tularensis live vaccine strain as well as two different virulent F. tularensis strains. Chromosomal reporters delivered with the transposon were used to identify genes upregulated by growth in Chamberlain's defined medium. Genes in the fsl operon, reported to be involved in iron acquisition, as well as genes in the igl gene cluster were among those identified by the screen. Further experiments implicate the ferric uptake regulator (Fur) protein in the negative regulation of fsl but not igl reporters, which occurs in an iron-dependent manner. Our results indicate that we have created a valuable new transposon that can be used to identify and characterize virulence genes in F. tularensis strains.
Acrosin Inhibitors as Vaginal Contraceptives in the Primate and their Acute Toxicity (1979)

The contraceptive activity of Delfen vaginal cream in the stumptailed macaque (macaca arctoides) tends to be enhanced by the addition of p-nitrophenyl-p’-guanidino benzoate (NPGB. 9 mg/ ml) but not by N-o-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethylketone (TLCK, 3 mg/mI). Both compounds are synthetic inhibitors of acrosin, a sperm proteinase involved in the union of the male and female gametes. The addition of NPGB (0.09 mg/mI) to K-Y jelly made this neutral suppository equally or slightly more effective than Delfen vaginal cream. The addition of TLCK (3 mg/mI) or antipain (0.9 mg/mI), a naturally occurring inhibitor of acrosin, did not cause K-V jelly to have contraceptive activity but 10 mg/mI TLCK did. The inhibitors had little or no effect on the postcoital motility of the spermatozoa, did not influence the length of pregnancy and had no toxic effects in the primates. NPGB and 2 other low molecular weight acrosin inhibitors, aminobenzamidine and benzamidine, were evaluated for acute toxicity by intraperitoneal injection into mice. The 3 compounds had LD50 values of 180, 240 and 580 mg/kg BW, respectively. Thus, the toxic dose of these compounds is 1,000-10,000 times greater than the concentration at which they exert antifertility activity. The results encourage the continued development and evaluation of acrosin inhibitors as contraceptive agents for human use.
Primary tumors of the mediastinum (1999)

Malignant primary mediastinal tumors often require multimodality treatment. Despite improvements in survival with multimodality treatment, death from recurrent disease remains a problem.
Assessment of brain tumor cell motility in vivo and in vitro (1995)

Brain tumor dispersal far from bulk tumor contributes to and, in some instances, dominates disease progression. Three methods were used to characterize brain tumor cell motility in vivo and in vitro: 1) 2 weeks after implantation in rat cerebral cortex, single C6 cells labeled with a fluorescent tag had migrated to brain sites greater than 16 mm distant from bulk tumor; 2) time-lapse videomicroscopy of human brain tumor cells revealed motility of 12.5 microns/hr. Ruffling leading edges and pseudopod formation were most elaborate in more malignant cells; 3) an in vitro assay was devised to quantitatively evaluate motility from a region of high cell density to one of lower cell density. Human brain tumor cells were plated in the center of a petri dish, washed, and refed, establishing a 2-cm circular zone of cells in the dish center. Motility was determined by counting cells daily at predetermined distances from the central zone perimeter. Cells were found 1 cm from the perimeter by 24 hours and 3 cm from the perimeter by 4 days. Increasing serum concentration increased motility; however, neither fibronectin nor arrest of cells in the G0 phase by hydroxyurea altered motility. The addition of cytochalasin B to block cytoskeletal assembly prevented cell motility. Motility increased with increased malignancy. Subpopulations of cells were created by clonal amplification of cells that had migrated most rapidly to the dish periphery. Although morphologically indistinguishable when compared to the original cell line from which they were derived, these subpopulations demonstrated significantly increased motility.
Indium(III) and Gallium(III) Complexes of Bis(aminoethanethiol) Ligands with Different Denticities:  Stabilities, Molecular Modeling, and <i>in Vivo</i> Behavior (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionIndium(III) and Gallium(III) Complexes of Bis(aminoethanethiol) Ligands with Different Denticities: Stabilities, Molecular Modeling, and in Vivo BehaviorYizhen Sun, Carolyn J. Anderson, Tammy S. Pajeau, David E. Reichert, Robert D. Hancock, Ramunas J. Motekaitis, Arthur E. Martell, and Michael J. WelchCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1996, 39, 12, 2434Publication Date (Web):June 7, 1996Publication History Published online7 June 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm960224lhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm960224lcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views331Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (32 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing of <i>Mycoplasma bovis</i> using Tween 80 Hydrolysis as an Indicator of Growth (1991)

Lysis and precipitation of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monoleate (Tween 80) was used as an indicator of growth in quantitative antibiotic dilution susceptibility tests in microtiter plates. This allowed test results to be read after 2 or 3 days. Antibiotic sensitivity levels obtained with this method were homogenous and tightly clustered. No acquired resistance was found among 16 field strains isolated in 1990.
Flow Rates and Warming Efficacy with Hotline and Ranger Blood/Fluid Warmers (2004)

The heating capabilities of a water bath blood/fluid warmer, Hotline, have proven superior to those of other devices. The dry heat warmer Ranger has not previously been compared with the Hotline. We evaluated these devices in terms of flow rates and efficacy of warming. We delivered room temperature (21 degrees C) saline and 10 degrees C packed red blood cells (RBCs) by using 90 mm Hg (gravity equivalent) and 300 mm Hg bag pressure and various sizes of IV catheters. The outflow from each device was connected to an inline thermistor, and simultaneous measurements of outflow temperature and flow volume per minute were recorded. Additional data points were obtained with a roller pump that delivered flows of 1-6 L/h through each device. We calculated the effect of these flow rates and outflow temperatures on the mean body temperature (MBT) of a 70-kg patient. The Hotline and Ranger had similar flow rates at 90 and 300 mm Hg pressure infusion when studied with various sizes of IV catheters. Hotline was able to deliver warmer RBCs and saline at slower flow rates (1-4 L/h), but because changes in MBT were almost identical, there was no clinically important advantage, and almost no heat was transferred at these slower flow rates. At more rapid flow rates (>4 L/h), the Ranger warmed RBCs and saline better and produced smaller decreases in MBT than the Hotline. The use of the Hotline for rapid infusions, especially of cold RBCs, is not recommended because of low outflow temperatures and decreases in MBT that were three times larger than those seen with the Ranger.
Value of T1 and T2 relaxation times from echoplanar MR imaging in the characterization of focal hepatic lesions. (1993)

Our study suggests that echoplanar-derived T2 times (but not T1 times) are useful for characterizing focal hepatic lesions. An important use may be to characterize small lesions measuring less than 2.0 cm. The main advantages of echoplanar imaging are the absence of motion-induced volume averaging and phase artifacts, the ability to acquire purely T2-weighted images, and the use of multiple data points to calculate relaxation times.
Growth of Francisella spp. in rodent macrophages (1991)

We examined the nature of the interactions between the facultative intracellular pathogens Francisella tularensis and F. novicida and rodent macrophages. Growth of F. tularensis LVS was observed in macrophage monolayers from mice, guinea pigs, or rats. In contrast, F. novicida grew in macrophages from mice and guinea pigs but not in macrophages from rats. Transmission electron microscopy studies indicated that both Francisella species survive within macrophage phagosomes that are unfused with lysosomes.
A Low Cost Matching Motion Estimation Sensor Based on the NIOS II Microprocessor (2012)

This work presents the implementation of a matching-based motion estimation sensor on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and NIOS II microprocessor applying a C to Hardware (C2H) acceleration paradigm. The design, which involves several matching algorithms, is mapped using Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) technology. These algorithms, as well as the hardware implementation, are presented here together with an extensive analysis of the resources needed and the throughput obtained. The developed low-cost system is practical for real-time throughput and reduced power consumption and is useful in robotic applications, such as tracking, navigation using an unmanned vehicle, or as part of a more complex system.