gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A method for using microspheres to measure muscle blood flow in exercising rats (1982)

A catheter-implantation procedure allowing use of the radiolabeled microsphere (MS) technique for measuring skeletal muscle blood flow (BF) in rats during high-speed treadmill running was desired. Attempts to use existing procedures were unsuccessful. We found that Silastic catheters (0.02 in. ID X 0.037 in. OD) placed in the ascending aorta (for MS infusions) and the renal artery (for reference sample withdrawal) minimized these exercise performance problems. It was then necessary to establish that aortic MS infusions result in good MS-blood mixing. We tested the method with the following: 1) the radioactivities found in reference withdrawal samples taken from two locations in the aorta were compared after left ventricular (LV) infusion and after aortic infusion; 2) BFs to bilaterally paired tissues were compared in anesthetized and conscious rats with LV and aortic infusions; 3) the distribution of MSs in the muscles was studied histologically; and 4) BFs in bilaterally paired tissues were compared in rats with aortic MS infusions during treadmill running. The results indicate that 1) the percent difference between the radioactivities found in the proximal and distal reference withdraw samples was the same for LV and aortic MS infusions; 2) BF to bilaterally paired tissue samples was the same with both LV or aortic MS infusions; 3) the MSs were distributed uniformly within muscles, and MS aggregation was not a significant problem; and 4) BFs to bilaterally paired tissue samples were the same in exercising rats. We conclude that this technique can be used to measure muscle BF in rats running on a treadmill.
LIFE-THREATENING HAEMORRHAGE IN A PATIENT WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND A LUPUS ANTICOAGULANT COEXISTING WITH ACQUIRED AUTOANTIBODIES AGAINST FACTOR VIII (1993)

A case history of a patient with RA and a lupus anticoagulant coexisting with an acquired inhibitor to factor VIII is described. The factor VIII inhibitor was heralded by life-threatening haemorrhage which followed an invasive procedure.
Comparative study on production of α-Amylase from Bacillus licheniformis strains (2011)

Alpha amylase (α-1, 4-glucan-glucanhydrolase, EC 3.2.1.1), an extracellular enzyme, degrades α, 1-4 glucosidic linkages of starch and related substrates in an endo-fashion producing oligosaccharides including maltose, glucose and alpha limit dextrin (7). The present study deals with the production and comparative study of production of α-amylase from two strains of Bacillus licheniformis, MTCC 2617 and 2618, by using four different substrates, starch, rice, wheat and ragi powder as carbon source by submerged fermentation. The effect of varying pH and incubation temperature, activator, inhibitor, and substrate concentration was investigated on the activity of α-amylase produced by MTCC strain 2618. The results shows that the production of the α-amylase by the B.licheniformis strain MTCC 2618, using four different substrates were found to be maximum (Starch 3.64 IU/ml/minutes, Rice powder 2.93 IU/ml/minutes, Wheat powder 2.67 IU/ml/minutes, Ragi powder 2.36 IU/ml/minutes) on comparing the enzyme production of two strains. It was also observed that the maximum production was found on the 3(rd) day (i.e. 72 hr) and characterization of crude enzyme revealed that optimum activity was at pH 7 and 37°C.
Sige, Gaas, and Inp Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (1999)

Material Properties and Technologies. DC Performance. RF and Transient Performance. HBT Modeling. Heterojunction Device Simulation. Breakdown and Thermal Instability. Reliability. RF and Digital Circuits for Low--Voltage Applications. Index.
Scalar modulation instability in the normal dispersion regime by use of a photonic crystal fiber (2003)

Modulation instability at high frequencies has been demonstrated in the normal dispersion regime by use of a photonic crystal fiber. This fiber-optic parametric generator provides efficient conversion of red pump light into blue and near-infrared light.
YfcX Enables Medium-Chain-Length Poly(3-Hydroxyalkanoate) Formation from Fatty Acids in Recombinant <i>Escherichia coli fadB</i> Strains (2002)

Expression of Escherichia coli open reading frame yfcX is shown to be required for medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA(MCL)) formation from fatty acids in an E. coli fadB mutant. The open reading frame encodes a protein, YfcX, with significant similarity to the large subunit of multifunctional beta-oxidation enzymes. E. coli fadB strains modified to contain an inactivated copy of yfcX and to express a medium-chain-length synthase are unable to form PHA(MCL)s when grown in the presence of fatty acids. Plasmid-based expression of yfcX in the FadB(-) YfcX(-) PhaC(+) strain restores polymer formation. YfcX is shown to be a multifunctional enzyme that minimally encodes hydratase and dehydrogenase activities. The gene encoding YfcX is located downstream from yfcY, a gene encoding thiolase activity. Results of insertional inactivation studies and enzyme activity analyses suggest a role for yfcX in PHA monomer unit formation in recombinant E. coli fadB mutant strains. Further studies are required to determine the natural role of YfcX in the metabolism of E. coli.
Preparation of Highly Coupled Rat Heart Mitochondria (2010)

The function of mitochondria in generation of cellular ATP in the process of oxidative phosphorylation is widely recognised. During the past decades there have been significant advances in our understanding of the functions of mitochondria other than the generation of energy. These include their role in apoptosis, acting as signalling organelles, mammalian development and ageing as well as their contribution to the coordination between cell metabolism and cell proliferation. Our understanding of biological processes modulated by mitochondria is based on robust methods for isolation and handling of intact mitochondria from tissues of the laboratory animals. Mitochondria from rat heart is one of the most common preparations for past and current studies of cellular metabolism including studies on knock-out animals. Here we describe a detailed rapid method for isolation of intact mitochondria with a high degree of coupling. Such preparation of rat heart mitochondria is an excellent object for functional and structural research on cellular bioenergetics, transport of biomolecules, proteomic studies and analysis of mitochondrial DNA, proteins and lipids.
A new Internal Transparent Collector IGB (2009)

A new Internal Transparent Collector Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (ITC-IGBT) is proposed, and 600V ITC-IGBTs with planar gates are fabricated. The structure of the new IGBT is similar to that of PT-IGBT, but a very low carrier lifetime control layer (LCLCL) is introduced in the collector region near the p-collector/ n-buffer junction. The LCLCL is a nano vacancy layer which is induced by high dose helium irradiation and followed by annealing. The devices' I–V characteristics under room and high temperatures and turn-off time under room temperature are measured. The ITC-IGBTs' current density at zero temperature coefficient (ZTC) point is about 80A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , which is much lower than the rated value (the current density correlated to rated current is normally 150–200A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). For comparison, PT-IGBTs with the same structural dimensions and using electron irradiation are also fabricated. The ITC-IGBTs' trade-off between V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CEsat</inf> and turn-off time is better than that of the normal PT-IGBT. For example, the t <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ƒ</inf> of the ITC-IGBT at V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CEsat</inf> =1.6V is about 360ns, only 60% that of the PT-IGBT.
Recent progress and future prospect of high-performance near-UV based white LEDs: from ECO lighting to medical application (2009)

Near ultraviolet (n-UV) LED-based white light source (LS) can provide the excellent illuminant properties that show high-luminous efficacy (Le>80 lm/W) of radiation and high-color rendering index (CRI or Ra>99). Recent progress and future advantages of the n-UV white LED technology on the basis of our direct flip-chip bonding and stacked multi-layer structure methods will be described. Particularly, the fabrication process, and electrical and illuminant properties in the low-correlated color temperature (CCT or Tc~3452K) white LED with a high-luminous flux (~500 lm/PKG) are discussed, and its lighting and medical applications such as ecological street lighting and gastrointestinal digestive endoscope will be introduced. Furthermore, a color tunable white LS which is composed of multi-phosphor conversion LEDs and its characterization are described. Differences on the quality of light between the n-UV white LED and the conventional blue-YAG white LED will be clarified.
Borehole receiver orientation using a 3D velocity model (2012)

ABSTRACT The orientation of three‐component borehole geophones used for recording during a microseismic monitoring experiment is estimated. The standard technology for deploying multi‐component geophones in a deep borehole is wireline‐based, in which the azimuthal rotation of the geophone string cannot be controlled. Each receiver can have a different rotation angle that is compensated by the particle motion analysis of the direct P‐wave arrivals, picked from a walk‐around VSP carried out in the proximity of the well. Knowing the orientation of borehole receivers is critical, as inaccuracies lead to systematic errors in determining the hypocentral coordinates of microseismic events. Additional errors arise from over‐simplifications of P‐ and S‐wave velocity Earth models. In this paper, we propose a tomographic approach for improving the orientation estimates of borehole receivers based on hodogram analysis. The initial velocity model built from well logs and upholes is refined by 3D tomographic inversion of walk‐around VSP data and some string shots fired in a nearby borehole. Taking into account ray bending, the estimated errors due to local velocity anomalies can be reduced. This makes our estimates of fracture orientation and microseismic hypocentres more reliable when borehole receivers are used in passive seismic surveys.
Fast Transforms for Intra-prediction-based Image and Video Coding (2013)

In this paper, we provide an overview of the DCT/DST transform scheme for intra coding in the HEVC standard. A unique feature of this scheme is the use of DST-VII transforms in addition to DCT-II. We further derive factorizations for fast joint computation of DCT-II and DST-VII transforms of several sizes. Simulation results for the DCT/DST scheme in the HM reference software for HEVC are also provided together with a discussion on computational complexity.
Effect of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 on pancreatic beta cell damage in severe acute pancreatitis (2014)

Objective To explore the effect of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 (Caspase-3)on pancreatic beta cell damage in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods Twenty-four male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were selected and randomly (random number) divided into the sham operation group (SO group) and SAP group (n =12 each).The SAP model was induced by retrograde injection of 5％ sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct.Rats were killed at 6 h after operation.The serum glucose (GLU) and plasma insulin (INS) levels were measured.After intraperitoneal injection of 20％ glucose (2 g/kg) (a glucose load),GLU and INS were measured 30 min later.The ultrastructure of the pancreatic beta cells was observed with an electron microscope.The expression of Caspase-3 was detected immunohistochemically.Results The serum glucose level 30 min after a glucose load and the expression of Caspase-3 were increased significantly in the SAP group as compared with the SO group (P ＜0.05).The plasma insulin level was increased significantly 30 min after a glucose load in the SO group as compared with the SAP group (P ＜ 0.05).Pathological uhrastructural changes were found as follows:most pancreatic beta cells in the SAP group exhibited vacuole degeneration,the mitochondria had swolen and the rough endoplagmic reficuhm had expanded,and Caspase-3 expression was increased in the SAP group as compared with the SO group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The increased beta cell Caspase-3 expression may reduce the blood glucose control ability of pancreatic beta cells in the SAP rats,leading to the ultrastructural changes,thus affecting the secretion of insulin.

Key words: 
Severe acute pancreatitis;  Beta cells;  Cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3
Clinical and Microbiological Effects of Oral Zinc Ascorbate Gel in Cats (2001)

The clinical and microbiological effects of zinc ascorbate gel applied orally in cats were evaluated during a 42-day study period. Cats were divided randomly into two equal groups, with the treatment group (18 cats) receiving zinc ascorbate gel and the control group (18 cats) receiving a placebo (0.9% sterile saline). Clinical parameters evaluated biweekly included halitosis, plaque, calculus, and gingivitis. Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial cultures were obtained from cats in the treatment group at Days 0 and 42. There was a significant decrease in plaque, gingivitis, and anaerobic periodontal pathogens in treatment group cats. Halitosis and calculus scores were not significantly different in treatment group compared with control group cats. The results of this study suggest that zinc ascorbate gel used as an oral antiseptic improves feline oral health, and may be most effective in decreasing bacterial growth, plaque formation, and gingivitis when applied following a professional teeth cleaning procedure.
An efficient continuation method for use in globally convergent dc circuit simulation (2002)

The use of continuation methods and various homotopies used for globally convergent dc operating point simulation are discussed. A new homotopy that gives the shortest possible arc length between the initial solution and the desired operating point is introduced. In addition, it is shown that for the case where a circuit possesses multiple operating points, this homotopy allows the user to choose which operating point is found first and is guaranteed to find at least three operating points in a single analysis.
Isotopically-enriched carbohydrates: The preparation of [<sup>2</sup>H]-enriched aldoses by catalytic hydrogenolysis of cyanohydrins with <sup>2</sup>H<sub>2</sub> (1979)

A procedure is described for the preparation of aldoses and aldose phosphates enriched with 2 H by hydrogenolysis of aldononitriles and aldononitrile phosphates over palladium using 2 H 2 . Aldoses, aldose phosphates, and derivatives prepared with 13 C and (or) 2 H enrichment and characterized by 1 H and 13 C nmr were: DL-[1- 14 C, 2 H]glyceraldehyde, D-[1- 13 C, 2 H]erythrose, D-[1- 13 C, 2 H]threose, D-[2- 13 C, 2 H]ribose, D-[2- 13 C, 2 H]arabinose, methyl α-D-[2- 13 C, 2 H]ribofuranoside, methyl β-D-[2- 13 C, 2 H]ribofuranoside, DL-[3- 2 H]erythrose, DL-[3- 2 H]threose, DL-[1- 13 C, 2 H]glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, and D-[1- 13 C, 2 H]ribose 5-phosphate. 13 C isotope shifts, 1 H and 13 C chemical shifts, and homo- and heteronuclear coupling constants are reported.
Passive-Logging Attacks Against Anonymous Communications Systems (2008)

Using analysis, simulation, and experimentation, we examine the threat against anonymous communications posed by passive-logging attacks. In previous work, we analyzed the success of such attacks under various assumptions. Here, we evaluate the effects of these assumptions more closely. First, we analyze the Onion Routing-based model used in prior work in which a fixed set of nodes remains in the system indefinitely. We show that for this model, by removing the assumption of uniformly random selection of nodes for placement in the path, initiators can greatly improve their anonymity. Second, we show by simulation that attack times are significantly lower in practice than bounds given by analytical results from prior work. Third, we analyze the effects of a dynamic membership model, in which nodes are allowed to join and leave the system; we show that all known defenses fail more quickly when the assumption of a static node set is relaxed. Fourth, intersection attacks against peer-to-peer systems are shown to be an additional danger, either on their own or in conjunction with the predecessor attack. Finally, we address the question of whether the regular communication patterns required by the attacks exist in real traffic. We collected and analyzed the Web requests of users to determine the extent to which basic patterns can be found. We show that, for our study, frequent and repeated communication to the same Web site is common.
Adaptive solutions to the mutual exclusion problem (1993)

Algorithms for mutual exclusion that adapt to the current degree of contention are developed. Afilter and a leader election algorithm form the basic building blocks. The algorithms achieve system response times that are independent of the total number of processes and governed instead by the current degree of contention. The final algorithm achieves a constant amortized system response time.
Integrated ferromagnetic MR sensors (1991)

Ferromagnetic magnetoresistive (MR) sensors are magnetic devices developed for the purposes of detecting rotation or position of magnetized objects. These are distinguished theoretically from Hall elements, Hall IC, and other semiconductor magnetoresistive elements which utilize the Hall effect. Formerly, several papers were reported concerned with integration of MR elements with IC. Usuki reported on a Ni-Co integrated MR sensor and Honeywell Inc. have already commercialized such a product. We have developed integrated ferromagnetic sensors by adopting our own approach. The sensors consist of IC parts fabricated using a bipolar process, permalloy (Ni-Fe) thin films of 0.03 μm thickness, and ion-implanted feedback resistors. These sensors have excellent electrical characteristics.
Intranasal Immunization of Guinea Pigs with an Immunodominant Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Peptide Conjugate Induces Mucosal and Humoral Antibodies and Protection against Challenge (2003)

Guinea pigs immunized intranasally with a keyhole limpet hemocyanin-linked peptide, corresponding to the prominent G-H loop of the VP1 protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus, raised substantial levels of antipeptide and virus-neutralizing antibodies in sera and of peptide-specific secretory immunoglobulin A in nasal secretions. In groups of animals immunized intranasally without adjuvant, 86 percent were fully protected upon challenge with homotypic virus. Surprisingly, animals given the peptide conjugates plus the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin were afforded only partial protection in that primary lesions were observed in most animals, although spread to other feet was prevented. These results indicate that intranasal inoculation with the peptide offers a potential route of vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease and may be useful for eliciting protection in the upper respiratory tracts of susceptible animals.
Shoulder Suppressing Technique for dual mode SAW resonators (1999)

A new type of RF filter which combines the excellent far out rejection of an LCR Filter with the sharp transition band of a Ladder Filter is introduced. The new structure, called SST for Shoulder Suppressing Technique, consists of a dual mode resonant cavity where the input and output of the resonator are electrically coupled via a small interdigital capacitor. Properly designed, electrical notches can be placed on both the low and high side of the pass band, sharpening the transition band and completely eliminating the hump on the high side of the pass band which is a characteristic of traditional LCR filters. We successfully designed SST-LCR filters with no characteristic high side hump. Designs for the cellular and K-PCS bands have been developed which have superior shape factors, 50 dB out of band rejections and insertion losses of 2.5 and 3.5 dB respectively.
Anthrax Toxin: Receptor Binding, Internalization, Pore Formation, and Translocation (2007)

Anthrax toxin consists of three nontoxic proteins that self-assemble at the surface of receptor-bearing mammalian cells or in solution, yielding a series of toxic complexes. Two of the proteins, called Lethal Factor (LF) and Edema Factor (EF), are enzymes that act on cytosolic substrates. The third, termed Protective Antigen (PA), is a multifunctional protein that binds to receptors, orchestrates the assembly and internalization of the complexes, and delivers them to the endosome. There, the PA moiety forms a pore in the endosomal membrane and promotes translocation of LF and EF to the cytosol. Recent advances in understanding the entry process include insights into how PA recognizes its two known receptors and its ligands, LF and EF; how the PA:receptor interaction influences the pH-dependence of pore formation; and how the pore functions in promoting translocation of LF and EF across the endosomal membrane.
Condition Data Aggregation with Application to Failure Rate Calculation of Power Transformers (2006)

Cost-effective equipment maintenance for electric power transmission systems requires ongoing integration of information from multiple, highly distributed, and heterogeneous data sources storing various information about equipment. This paper describes a federated, query-centric data integration and knowledge acquisition framework for condition monitoring and failure rate prediction of power transformers. Specifically, the system uses substation equipment condition data collected from distributed data resources, some of which may be local to the substation, to develop Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) which transform the condition data into failure probabilities. These probabilities provide the most current knowledge of equipment deterioration, which can be used in system-level simulation and decision tools. The system is illustrated using dissolved gas-in-oil field data for assessing the deterioration level of power transformer insulating oil.