gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical studies on a new screening assay for anticancer agents using nude mice and isotopic evaluation. (1987)

A new screening assay for anticancer agents was established using an in vivo nude mouse model. Assessment of the chemosensitivity of individual human tumors was determined by [3H]thymidine incorporation by the treated tumors. Three hundred and thirty tumors derived from cancer patients were transplanted into nude mice s.c. and treated with anticancer agents. Mitomycin C, 5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin were used in the present studies. In 270 of 330 cancers, chemosensitivity was evaluated by this method (evaluable rate, 81.8%). The rate of positive sensitivity against all tumors was 21.9% in mitomycin C, 12.2% in 5-fluorouracil, 27.4% in cyclophosphamide, and 23.6% in doxorubicin, respectively. The tumor sensitivity to anticancer agents varied according to the type of cancer. Retrospective and prospective clinical studies were performed to determine the usefulness of the nude mouse-isotope assay for the prediction of tumor sensitivity. The 24-month survival rates of 24 gastric cancer patients treated with tumor-sensitive agents was significantly higher than that of 28 patients treated with tumor-resistant agents. The end results after chemotherapy in far-advanced and inoperable terminal cases of gastrointestinal cancers was also investigated, prospectively. Out of 19 cases, the 50% survival time of 11 patients treated with tumor-sensitive agents was longer than that of eight patients treated with tumor-resistant agents. From prospective correlative studies carried out on 25 patients, this assay correlated with clinical responses (overall agreement, 76.0%; P less than 0.05) with specific agreements of sensitivity and resistance of 37.5 and 94.1%, respectively. From these results, it seems reasonable to conclude that nude mouse-isotope assay is a screening assay to identify appropriate agents for the treatment of patients with cancer. However, there is still a need to develop a better protocol in this assay, especially for antimetabolites, and to continue research in order to find more sufficient assays to predict clinical sensitivity to anticancer agents.
Tripod Operators for the Interpretation of Range Images (1991)

Abstract : A new kind of feature extraction operator for range images is introduced that facilitates object recognition in several ways. It consists of three points in 3-space fixed at the vertices of an equilateral triangle and one or more curves, called test curves, fixed in the reference frame of the triangle. This mathematical structure is then moved as a rigid body until the vertices all lie on the surface of some range image or modeled object. The point(s) of intersection of the test curve(s) and the surface are used to define local shape features which are invariant under rigid motions. These features can be used to automatically find distinctive regions at which the begin recognition, to rapidly screen candidate modeled objects for a match, and to speed pruning in the generation of interpretation trees. Tripod operators are applicable to all three dimensional shapes, and reduce the need for specialized feature detectors.
GFAP and S100B are biomarkers of traumatic brain injury (2010)

This study confirms that GFAP and S100B levels in serum are adjuncts to the assessment of brain damage after TBI and may enhance prognostication when combined with clinical variables.
Current Transport Properties of CuS/Sn:In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> versus CuS/SnO<sub>2</sub> Nanowires and Negative Differential Resistance in Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells (2015)

The structural, optical, and electrical transport properties of nanowires obtained by the deposition of Cu over Sn doped In2O3 and SnO2 nanowires followed by processing under H2S between 100 and 500 °C have been investigated for their use in quantum dot sensitized solar cells. We find that the CuS/Sn:In2O3 nanowires obtained between 100 and 200 °C consist of hexagonal CuS and cubic In2O3 but higher temperatures lead to the formation of Cu0.23In2.59S4 nanowires. Moreover, we observed the existence of SnO2 quantum dots in tetragonal Cu2SnS3 nanowires obtained at 400–500 °C which are responsible for ultraviolet emission at 3.65 eV and a breakdown of the dipole forbidden rule in SnO2.The CuS/Sn:In2O3 nanowires obtained at lower temperatures exhibit better rectifying current–voltage characteristics and higher currents, but we did not observe negative differential resistance, as expected from a p–n tunnel junction, although this occurred by bringing Sn:In2O3 nanowires in weak contact with p-type CuS, similar to a cat’s whisker device. We discuss the origin of the negative differential resistance which was also observed in connection with the TiO2 barriers deposited on the transparent conducting oxide anode and its importance for quantum dot sensitized solar cells.
Preparation and pharmacological properties of 4-hydroxymethyl-2-(3′-amino-4′-hydroxyphenyl)-1:3-dithia-2-arsa<i>cyclo</i>pentane (Mapharside-BAL compound) (1947)

As an extension to the work on the provision of an antidote to the arsenical war gases it has been shown in the United Kingdom (Stocken & Thomp-
Normal values of the hip joint for the evaluation of X-rays in children and adults. (1976)

X-ray measurements of the hip joints of children, with special reference to the acetabular index, suggest that the upper standard deviation of normal comprises the borderline to a critical zone where extreme values of normal and pathologic hips were found together. Above the double standard deviation only severe dysplasias were present. Investigations of the shaft-neck angle and the degree of anteversion including the wide standard deviation demonstrate that it is very difficult to determine where these angles become pathologic. It is more important to look for the relationship between femoral head and acetabulum. A new measurement--the Hip Value is based on measurements of the Idelberg- Frank angle, the Wiberg angle and MZ-distance of decentralization. By statistical methods, normal and pathological joints can be separated as follows: in adult Hip Values, between 6 and 15 indicate a normal joint form; values between 16 and 21 indicate a slight deformation and values of 22 and above are indications of a severe deformation, in children in the normal range the Hip Value reaches 14; values of 15 and up are pathological.
Idiotypic analysis of a monoclonal anti-Sm antibody. (1982)

Among murine models of autoimmunity, MRL mice are unique in their expression of antibodies to the nuclear antigen Sm. To assess genetic mechanisms in the control of this response, the idiotypes borne by a monoclonal anti-Sm antibody of MRL-Ipr/Ipr origin were investigated. Rabbit antisera were prepared against Y2, a hybridoma product with anti-Sm activity, and were rendered specific for idiotype by extensive absorption with normal globulins from BALB/c mice. In assays of idiotype by an inhibition ELISA, Y2 was shown to share idiotypes with Y12, another monoclonal anti-Sm derived from the same fusion as Y2; other monoclonal autoantibodies of MRL origin but different antigenic specificity failed to display idiotype activity in this assay. The presence of other anti-idiotypic specificities was revealed by absorption and elution of the anti-idiotype from an MRL globulin column; sera from both anti-Sm-positive and negative mice demonstrated these idiotypes. These results suggest that the predominant specificities detected by the anti-idiotype were unique to the monoclonal antibodies of the same animal, although there was also activity to idiotypes not related to anti-Sm binding molecules.
Standards are Too High (1985)

Government action to establish minimum standards in a wide range of consumer activities almost invariably ignores the obvious economic truth that standards can be too high: they must have a cost, by forcing up prices, reducing choice and so on. Dr Keith Hartley, of the University of York, argues that the market, not the state, will provide the amount of information on quality that consumers want.
Studies on Vitamin B<sub>1</sub> and Related Compounds. XXX (1952)

Condensation of valeroamidine (II) and ethoxymethylene malondinitrile (III) or of valeroimino ether (V) and aminomethylene malondinitrile (VI) yields 2-butyl-4-amino-5-cyanopyrimidine (IV), electrolytic reduction of which, using palladium-black as the cathode, results in the formation of 2-butyl-4-amino-5-aminomethylpyrimidine (VII). Condensantion of (VII) with γ-aceto-γ-chloropropyl alcohol (VIII), in the presence of carbon disulfide and ammonia, gives α-aceto-γ-hydroxypropyl N-[2-butyl-4-aminopyri-midyl (5)]-methyldithiocarbamate (IX) which, when treated with caustic alkali, changes to 2-thio-7-butyl-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydropyrimido- (4.5-d) -pyrimidine (X), but heating the diluted hydrochloric acid solution of (IX) results in the formation of 3-[2′-butyl-4′-aminopyrimidyl (5′)]-methyl-4-methyl-5-β-hydroxyethylthiothiazolone (2) (XI). Oxidation of (XI) with hydrogen peroxide in acid medium, followed by treatment with barium chloride yields 3-[2′-butyl-4′-aminopyrimidyl (5′)]-methyl-4-methyl-5-β-hydroxyethyl-thiazolium chloride hydrochloride (1).
Hardware-in-the-loop relay testing in dominion's blackstart plan (2017)

When a complete or partial blackout has occurred, the system operator is responsible for assessing the system condition, restoring the system based on the emergency operation procedures and re-establishing the integrity of the interconnection. This procedure is called blackstart. During the blackstart process, the system is operating in relatively weak condition, since the generation capacity is small in each blackstart path and there are plenty of different blackstart transients, such as transmission line energization, load pickup, generator synchronization, and island synchronization. All these blackstart transients and possible small fault current may cause the relay protection function to misoperate. In order to validate the relay performance in the Dominions blackstart plan, Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS), amplifier, and SEL relay are utilized to perform the hardware-in-the-loop real-time relay testing. The QUAD distance protection function and time-inverse overcurrent protection function are tested for both blackstart steady state operation and blackstart switching operation. The possible problems for the relay protection functions during the blackstart process are found from the testing results.
Formation of SiC Powder from Laser Heated Vapor Phase Reactions (1987)

SiC powder has been synthesized using CO2 laser-heated vapor phase reactions in the silane-methane gas system. SiC particles form via a two-step reaction: silicon particle formation and subsequent carburization of the silicon particles. It is shown that the silicon particles form at the lower edge of the reaction zone, and carburization occurs in the hottest region, through which the CO2 laser beam passes. The formation of silicon particles can be explained by silane pyrolysis and subsequent collisions and coagulation of the silicon particles. The carburization mechanism of the silicon particles is discussed in terms of diffusion through a SiC product layer and methane pyrolysis. The rate-controlling step is believed to depend on the reaction conditions such as temperature and gas stoichiometry.
Mechanochemical Route to Graphene-Supported Iron Catalysts for Olefin Polymerization and in Situ Formation of Carbon/Polyolefin Nanocomposites (2014)

A facile one-step mechanochemical process converts graphite into highly active graphene-supported iron catalysts for ethylene polymerization and the in situ formation of graphene/polyethylene nanocomposites. Key feature is the dry grinding of graphite in a steel ball mill under carbon dioxide pressure, affording high surface area edge-carboxylated graphene accompanied by simultaneous immobilization of Fe2+, formed by iron abrasion and electron transfer reaction. In contrast, as evidenced by Mössbauer spectroscopy, grinding graphite in the absence of carbon dioxide under nitrogen or argon pressure produces predominantly Fe0 together with Fe3+ supported on nitrogen-functionalized graphene or micronized graphite, respectively. On addition of bisiminopyridine (BIP) and activation with methylaluminoxane (MAO), only the Fe2+ catalyst supported on edge-functionalized graphene (Fe@MG-CO2) polymerizes ethylene in high yields, producing polyethylene with a molar mass of 180 kg/mol and a polydispersity of 6.1. According to the transmission electron microscopic analysis of polyethylene morphology, functionalized graphene with low aspect ratio is uniformly dispersed in the polyethylene matrix. Hence, this mechanochemical catalyst preparation enables the fabrication of graphene/polyolefin nanocomposites with high carbon content by polymerization filling using cost-effective graphite as raw material without requiring tedious and expensive graphite functionalization in separate steps.
Dielectric Resonator Antennas (DRA) for satellite and body area network applications (2012)

Dans cette thèse, on vise deux types d'applications de l antenne à résonateur diélectrique (DRA): 1) La réalisation d un élément rayonnant pour un réseau phasé embarqué sur un véhicule terrestre ou un avion. Cet élément de base requiert une couverture en élévation supérieure à celle des éléments imprimés pour permettre une poursuite typique comprise entre +-70. La couverture dans un cône large est assurée avec une bonne pureté de polarisation circulaire en alimentant l antenne à travers deux ouvertures à fente en H orthogonales parfaitement découplées en bande X. 2) La deuxième structure est destinée à la diversité d antennes dans le contexte des réseaux corporels embarqués ou Body Area Network (BAN). L antenne à diversité combine une antenne fente en boucle avec un DRA ce qui permet dans un espace compact de réaliser des diagrammes de type broadside et endfire respectivement. Les alimentations considérées sont de 2 types; Soit purement planaire (microruban et coplanaire) soit mixte en combinant une alimentation coaxiale et une alimentation coplanaire. Caractéristiques principales des antennes à résonateur diélectrique (DRA): Pour répondre aux attentes des utilisateurs en termes de débit, les systèmes de communication sans fils se tournent vers des fréquences de plus en plus élevées. La conséquence de cette montée en fréquence est notamment l augmentation des pertes au niveau des éléments conducteurs et donc une diminution de l efficacité globale des systèmes de communication. Dans ces circonstances, les DRA offre de meilleurs résultats par rapport à d'autres familles d'antennes à base d éléments métalliques. De plus, les DRA offrent des pertes diélectriques négligeables, elles sont peu sensibles aux variations de température et s intègrent facilement sur des technologies de fabrication planaires
A single stage optocoupler-less buck-boost PFC driver for LED lamp at universal AC mains (2013)

This paper deals with a single-stage PFC (Power Factor Corrected) buck-boost converter based low power LED (Light Emitting Diode) lamp driver for general purpose lighting. In the proposed circuit, a buck-boost converter is operated in CCM (Continuous Conduction Mode) with PSCR (Primary Sensing Current Regulation) using feed forward current control scheme to improve power quality at universal AC mains. A design procedure of proposed LED driver is illustrated and its simulated performance is demonstrated for improvement in various power quality indices in Matlab/Simulink environment for a 220 V, 50 Hz input AC mains. In order to validate the design, an optocoupler-less buck-boost PFC converter based LED driver is developed with low component count and low cost and tested for a load of 13 W with multiple LEDs connected in series. Each LED has a forward voltage of 3.1 V, forward rated current of 325 mA and power rating of 1 W. The measured power quality indices are observed well within the IEC-61000-3-2 norms for class C equipments.
Lead-Acid Battery: Techniques for Bonding the Positive Plates (1970)

Two fusion-bonding processes have been devised for bonding adjacent curved- or flat-lead lugs of the positive plates used in the new Bell Laboratories lead-acid battery. We describe both processes, but emphasize the Mechanical Thermal Pulse (MTP) Continuous Fusion-Bonding Process, which was chosen for use in the prototype battery manufacture. This process is capable of bonding many battery lugs simultaneously with simple equipment and with relatively precise control of bonding parameters.
Comparative studies on the expression patterns of three <i>troponin T</i> genes during mouse development (2001)

In vertebrates, three troponin T (TnT) genes, cardiac TnT (cTnT), skeletal muscle fast-twitch TnT (fTnT), and slow-twitch TnT (sTnT), have evolved for the regulation of striated muscle contraction. To understand the mechanism for muscle fiber-specific expression of the TnT genes, we compared their expression patterns during mouse development. Our data revealed that the TnT expression in the developing embryo was not as restricted as that in the adult. In addition to a strong expression in the developing heart beginning at day 7.5 p.c (postcoitum), the cTnT transcript was detected at later stages in some skeletal muscles, where beginning at day 11.75 p.c. the fTnT and sTnT genes were also expressed. Only sTnT but not fTnT was found transiently in the developing heart. At day 13.5 p.c., expressions of all three genes were detected in the developing tongue and this co-expression continued to day 16.5 p.c. with the fTnT isoform being predominant. At this stage, overlapping and distinct expression patterns of both sTnT and fTnT genes were also evident in many developing skeletal muscles. These data suggest that different muscles during development undergo a complex change in TnT isoforms resulting in different contractile properties. Unexpectedly, the cTnT transcript was persistently found in the developing bladder, where presumably smooth muscle is present. In transgenic mice, expression of a LacZ gene driven by a rat cTnT promoter (-497 to +192 bp) was very similar to that of the endogenous cTnT gene, suggesting that this promoter contained regulatory elements sufficient for the control of tissue-specific cTnT expression during development.
A thermally isolated microstructure suitable for gas sensing applications (2003)

A thermally isolated microstructure for use in metal-oxide gas sensing applications was fabricated and tested. Using the techniques of bulk micromachining, a thin silicon membrane 5 mu m thick was fabricated and then used as a structural support during subsequent device processing. The mechanical stability of the thin silicon membrane was found to be dependent on the compressive surface-oxide thickness which induced membrane buckling. A study of the buckling criteria was examined in detail by performing etch-back experiments on a series of sequentially sized membranes and observing the transition for buckling. A linear relationship between oxide thickness and membrane edge length squared was found. The device is fabricated over the membrane on the wafer surface and consists of a sandwich of LPCVD Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/, LPCVD poly-Si and LPCVD Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/. After device fabrication, the support membranes is etched away leaving the device completely isolated from the substrate. The measured values of power consumption and thermal time constant are compared with a simple model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Open source as enabler for OPC UA in industrial automation (2015)

As a standardized communication protocol, OPC UA is the main focal point with regard to information exchange in the ongoing initiative Industrie 4.0. But there are also considerations to use it within the Internet of Things. The fact that currently no open reference implementation can be used in research for free represents a major problem in this context. The authors have the opinion that open source software can stabilize the ongoing theoretical work. Recent efforts to develop an open implementation for OPC UA were not able to meet the requirements of practical and industrial automation technology. This issue is addressed by the open62541 project which is presented in this article including an overview of its application fields and main research issues.
<title>A Large Capacity Image Acquisition, Processing And Display System For Nuclear Medicine</title> (1974)

Scintillation camera data storage, processing and playback capabilities are becoming an important if not essential function of the modern nuclear medicine laboratory, both in routine service studies and in research. However, the high cost of current dedicated computers makes them relatively inaccessible to many laboratories. Polaroid film has long been the primary medium of image acquisition and storage, offering the advantages of an immediately available image. Mostly used with a 3-lens camera, where each tens is set on a different f-stop to compensate for the poor latitude of the film, the final copy consists of three minified images with a crude form of background subtraction at the high f-stops. The usefulness of Polaroid film used this way was greatest when spatial resolution was relatively poor, and data density was limited by the radiation dose delivered by the available radioisotopes.
[Sperm mtDNA content and mtDNA4977bp deletion in normal and leukocytospermia men]. (2008)

The increase of leukocytes and ROS may be one of the causes of the enhanced sperm mtDNA content, but has no significant impact on the mtDNA4977bp deletion.
The transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 channel modulates uterine tone during pregnancy (2015)

The importance of gaining insight into the mechanisms underlying uterine quiescence and contractility is highlighted by the absence of an effective strategy to prevent or treat preterm labor, the greatest cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Although current evidence suggests that in myometrial smooth muscle cells (mSMCs) calcium homeostasis is modulated near term to promote uterine contractility, the efficacy of blocking voltage-operated calcium channels is limited by dose-related cardiovascular side effects. Thus, we considered whether uterine contractility might be modulated by calcium entry via transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels. In mSMC, TRPV4 gene and protein expression increased with gestation, and TRPV4-mediated Ca(2+) entry and contractility were increased in mSMC from pregnant compared to nonpregnant rats. Cell membrane TRPV4 expression was specifically increased, whereas the expression of β-arrestin-1 and β-arrestin-2, molecules that can sequester TRPV4 in the cytoplasm, decreased. Physical interaction of β-arrestin-2 and TRPV4 was apparent in nonpregnant, but absent in pregnant, mouse uterus. Moreover, direct pharmacologic activation of TRPV4 increased uterine contraction, but oxytocin-induced myometrial contraction was blocked by pharmacologic inhibition of TRPV4 and decreased in mice with global deletion of TRPV4. Finally, TRPV4 channel blockade prolonged pregnancy in two distinct in vivo murine models of preterm labor, whereas the absence of either β-arrestin-1 or β-arrestin-2 increased susceptibility to preterm labor. These data suggest that TRPV4 channel activity modulates uterine contractility and might represent a therapeutic target to address preterm labor.