gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amino acid modifications in the wild type sequence p53 232–240 overcome the poor immunogenicity of this self tumour epitope (2002)

A major limitation in antigen-specific cancer vaccines is that most of the tumour antigens that are potent candidates for broad applicability originate from self proteins. The peptides presented by tumour cells are derived from tissue-specific differentiation proteins, from proteins altered by genetic mutation or by non mutated proteins that are normally silent in most adult tissues. As a consequence, T-cell responses elicited against those antigens are rather weak. Several data showed that amino acid modifications could enhance the immunogenicity of such antigens by priming T-cells that have escaped central tolerance based on a poor avidity. In this regard, this strategy could be powerful for inducing immunity against tumours. The present report focuses on the murine wild type epitope p53 232-240 that is poorly immunogenic. It shows that substitution of the two cysteine residues by serine or amino butyric acid derivatives and substitution of the two methionine residues by norleucine residues resulted in enhanced stability of the MHC/peptide complex. The MHC binding affinity of analogue peptides was enhanced between 10 and 100 fold. They were also potent immunogens, stronger than was the original wild type epitope; T-cell responses were increased up to 50 times. Moreover, the effector T-cells elicited by three of these peptides cross reacted with the natural epitope. These observations have important implications for strategies that use the modified-peptide epitope.
Multiple Nuclear Localization Signals Function in the Nuclear Import of the Transcription Factor Nrf2 (2008)

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mediates the transcriptional response of cells to oxidative stress and is translocated into the nucleus following, or concomitant with, its activation by electrophiles or reactive oxygen species. The mechanism of its translocation into the nucleus is not entirely elucidated. Here we have identified two novel nuclear localization signal (NLS) motifs in murine Nrf2, one located near the N-terminal region (amino acid residues 42-53) and the other (residues 587-593) located near the C-terminal region. Imaging of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged Nrf2 revealed that mutation(s) in any of these sequences resulted in decreased nuclear fluorescence intensity compared with the wild-type Nrf2 when Nrf2 activation was induced with the electrophile tert-butylhydroquinone. The mutations also impaired Nrf2-induced transactivation of antioxidant response element-driven reporter gene expression to the same extent as the Nrf2 construct bearing mutation in a previously identified bipartite NLS that maps at residues 494-511. When linked to GFP or to GFP-PEPCK-C each of the novel NLS motifs was sufficient to drive nuclear translocation of the fusion proteins. Co-immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that importins alpha5 and beta1 associate with Nrf2, an interaction that was blocked by the nuclear import inhibitor SN50. SN50 also blocked tert-butylhydroquinone-induced nuclear fluorescence of GFP-Nrf2 in cells transfected with wild-type GFP-Nrf2. Overall these results reveal that multiple NLS motifs in Nrf2 function in its nuclear translocation in response to pro-oxidant stimuli and that the importin alpha-beta heterodimer nuclear import receptor system plays a critical role in the import process.
Matrix metalloproteinases. A review. (1990)

Matrix metalloproteinases constitute the major proteolytic enzyme group degrading the extracellular matrix components. They are involved in the remodeling of the connective tissue during normal biological processes. Their abnormal expression leads to pathological situations.
A cross-sectional study of male and female C57BL/6Nia mice suggests lifespan and healthspan are not necessarily correlated (2016)

Lifespan provides a discrete metric that is intuitively appealing and the assumption has been that healthspan is extended concomitant with lifespan. Medicine has been more successful at extending life than preserving health during aging. Interventions that extend lifespan in model organisms do not always result in a corresponding increase in healthspan, suggesting that lifespan and healthspan may be uncoupled. To understand how interventions that extend life affect healthspan, we need measures that distinguish between young and old animals. Here we measured age-related changes in healthspan in male and female C57BL/6JNia mice assessed at 4 distinct ages (4 months, 20 months, 28 months and 32 months). Correlations between health parameters and age varied. Some parameters show consistent patterns with age across studies and in both sexes, others changed in one sex only and others showed no significant differences in mice of different ages. Few correlations existed among health assays, suggesting that physiological function in domains we assessed change independently in aging mice. With one exception, health parameters were not significantly associated with an increased probability of premature death. Our results show the need for more robust measures of murine health and suggest a potential disconnect between health and lifespan in mice.
Lumbar Discography: Should We Use Prophylactic Antibiotics? (2004)

Regarding the small number of patients in the only study in which antibiotics were used and the overall low incidence of postdiscography discitis, not enough evidence was found that prophylactic antibiotics can prevent discitis. It was concluded that in lumbar discography by means of a two-needle technique without prophylactic antibiotics, the risk of postdiscography discitis is minimal and there is not enough support from the literature to justify the routine use of prophylactic antibiotics.
IEEE 1855™: The First IEEE Standard Sponsored by IEEE Computational Intelligence Society [Society Briefs] (2016)

Reports on CIS council standards development.
Frequency limits of MSSW in the film with two magnetic layers (2002)

The equations of the upper and the lower frequency limits of MSSW in a film with two magnetic layers have been given. The curves of limit varying with M/sub 01//M/sub 02/ and the transfer points have been shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Easy method to characterize a piezoelectric ceramic tube as a displacer (1988)

We describe a useful method using a commercial linear variable differential transformer as a detector to characterize a piezoelectric ceramic tube as a displacer. Results show some inhomogeneity in the reduction of the voltage-to-displacement conversion of commercial piezoelectric tubes as a function of temperature from room to liquid-helium temperature.
Evidence for the Existence of an Effective Interfacial Tension between Miscible Fluids. 2. Dodecyl Acrylate−Poly(dodecyl acrylate) in a Spinning Drop Tensiometer (2007)

We studied drops of dodecyl acrylate in poly(dodecyl acrylate) (molecular weight of 25,000) in a spinning drop tensiometer to determine whether an effective interfacial tension (EIT) existed between these two miscible fluids. We found convincing evidence. We estimated the mechanical relaxation time from an immiscible analogue (1-propanol and poly(dodecyl acrylate)) and showed that the dodecyl acrylate drops maintained quasi-steady diameters long after this relaxation period. Drops continuously grew in length and became more diffuse, but the width of the transition zone did not grow with t(1/2) as expected from Fick's law although this system had been shown to follow Fick's law in a static configuration (Antrim, D.; Bunton, P.; Lewis, L. L.; Zoltowski, B. D.; Pojman, J. A. J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 11842-11849). The EIT was determined from Vonnegut's equation, EIT = (Deltarho)omega(2)r(3)/4; both the inner and outer diameters were measured, yielding values of 0.002 and 0.02 mN m(-1), respectively. The EIT was found to be independent of the rotation rate above 6000 rpm and independent of the initial drop volume. The EIT was found to decrease with temperature and increase with the difference in concentration between the monomer drop and polymer-monomer fluid. The square gradient parameter, k, was determined from EIT = k(Deltac(2)/delta), where Deltac is the difference in mole fraction and delta is the width of the transition zone. The square gradient parameter was on the order of 10(-9) N. The square gradient parameter was found to decrease with temperature, to be independent of concentration, and to increase with the molecular weight of the polymer.
Process Utility Systems : Introduction to Design, Operation and Maintenance (1994)

Efficient use of utilities fuel - introduction, choice compressed air - operation and maintenance, safety, the future inert gases - properties, general arrangement of inerting system water preparation - conductivity, water sources and their analysis thermal fluid systems - vapour systems, safety controls the boiler house - reliability, combined heat and power steam distribution - drainage, air removal electricity use and application air and water cooling refrigeration - calculation of power requirements, operation, maintenance and safety aspects fire protection systems pipework and safety.
Failure Mitigation Techniques for 1T-1MTJ Spin-Transfer Torque MRAM Bit-cells (2014)

The emergence of spin-transfer torque magnetic RAM (STT-MRAM) as a leading candidate for future high-performance nonvolatile memory has led to increased research interest. Current STT-MRAM technology faces several major obstacles in attaining its potential. One of the major issues is in the design of 1T-1MTJ STT-MRAM bit-cells under process variations: the bit-cells need to be significantly upsized to improve bit-cell failure, resulting in increased bit-cell area and power dissipation. In this paper, we analyze four circuit-level solutions that enable smaller 1T-1MTJ STT-MRAM bit-cells with improved yield, namely, bit-line voltage boosting, word-line voltage boosting, access transistor body biasing, and an applied external magnetic field. Results from simulation using 45-nm bulk CMOS access transistor and 40-nm magnetic tunneling junction technology show that word-line voltage boosting can be the best failure mitigation technique. Bit-cells designed with word-line boosting for write has a bit-cell area reduced by > 75% at iso-failure probability, compared to bit-cells without any failure mitigation technique. When bit-cell failure probability is optimized instead, 5 Oe of applied external magnetic field assisted write reduces power consumption by 15% , compared to bit-cells designed without failure mitigation techniques.
The N‐terminal 77 amino acids from tobacco <i>N</i>‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase I are sufficient to retain a reporter protein in the Golgi apparatus of <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> cells (1999)

In order to investigate sequences of tobacco N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GnTI), involved in targeting to and retention in the plant Golgi apparatus the cytoplasmic transmembrane stem (CTS) region of the enzyme was cloned in frame with the cDNA of the green fluorescent protein (gfp) and subsequently transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) based expression vector. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed small fluorescent vesicular bodies in CTS-gfp expressing cells, while gfp alone expressed in control plants was uniformly distributed in the cytoplasm. The CTS-gfp fusion protein colocalised with immunolabelling observed by an antibody specific for the Golgi located plant Lewis a epitope. Furthermore, treatment with brefeldin A, a Golgi specific drug, resulted in the formation of large fluorescent vesiculated areas. These results strongly suggest a Golgi location for CTS-gfp and as a consequence our findings reveal that the N-terminal 77 amino acids of tobacco GnTI are sufficient to target to and to retain a reporter protein in the plant Golgi apparatus and that TMV based vectors are suitable vehicles for rapid delivery of recombinant proteins to the secretory pathway.
Arachidonic Acid Metabolites in bFGF-, PDGF-, and Serum-Stimulated Vascular Cell Growth (1994)

The signal transduction pathways through which growth factors regulate vascular cell growth are not fully understood. Recent studies suggest that metabolites of the lipoxygenase pathway may be involved in vascular cell growth. We have measured the effect of the lipoxygenase pathway inhibitors nordihydroguiaretic acid (NDGA), 5,6-dehydroarachidonic acid, and baicalein on bovine capillary endothelial cell (EC) and aortic smooth muscle cell (SMC) growth in the presence or the absence of growth factors. NDGA totally suppressed serum-stimulated EC and SMC growth as well as growth factor-stimulated proliferation over a 9-day time course. Removal of the inhibitor revealed that the inhibitory effect of NDGA was reversible and not due to cytotoxicity. The morphology of NDGA-treated EC was changed in a reversible manner from the characteristic polygonal to spindle shape. The 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor 5,6-dehydroarachidonic acid had no effect on vascular cell proliferation, but inhibition of 12-lipoxygenase with baicalein blocked both EC and SMC cell growth in a dose-dependent manner, in the presence and the absence of growth factors. Indomethacin, an inhibitor of the cyclooxygenase pathway, had no effect on EC and SMC proliferation. Quinacrine and oleyloxyethylphosphorycholine inhibition of the phospholipase A2-catalyzed release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids blocked growth factor- and serum-stimulated proliferation of EC and SMC. These results suggested that arachidonic acid metabolites are critical intermediaries in the regulation of vascular cell growth.
Six <i>cadm</i>/<i>synCAM</i> genes are expressed in the nervous system of developing zebrafish (2007)

The Cadm (cell adhesion molecule) family of cell adhesion molecules (also known as IGSF4, SynCAM, Necl and TSLC) has been implicated in a multitude of physiological and pathological processes, such as spermatogenesis, synapse formation and lung cancer. The precise mechanisms by which these adhesion molecules mediate these diverse functions remain unknown. To investigate mechanisms of action of these molecules during development, we have identified zebrafish orthologs of Cadm family members and have examined their expression patterns during development and in the adult. Zebrafish possess six cadm genes. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis suggest that four of the zebrafish cadm genes represent duplicates of two tetrapod Cadm genes, whereas the other two cadm genes are single orthologs of tetrapod Cadm genes. All six zebrafish cadms are expressed throughout the nervous system both during development and in the adult. The spatial and temporal patterns of expression suggest multiple roles for Cadms during nervous system development.
Monoclonal antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen: a systematic analysis of antibody specificities by using related normal antigens and evidence for allotypic determinants on carcinoembryonic antigen. (1984)

Eleven hybridoma clones producing monoclonal antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were prepared by fusions of the mouse myeloma cell line P3-X63-Ag8-U1 with splenocytes of BALB/c mice immunized with highly purified CEA. Their specificities were systematically analyzed by radioimmunoassay for reactivity with CEA and four related normal antigens: nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA), nonspecific cross-reacting antigen-2 (NCA-2), normal fecal antigen-1 (NFA-1), and normal fecal antigen-2 (NFA-2). Antibody-antigen profiles revealed four groups of hybridomas. The Group I antibodies from two clones reacted with sites shared among CEA, NCA, NCA-2, and NFA-2. The Group II antibody from one clone recognized an epitope common to CEA, NCA-2, and NFA-2. The Group III antibodies from five clones reacted with sites commonly residing on CEA, NCA-2, NFA-1, and NFA-2, whereas antibodies of Group IV from three clones bound only CEA. Mutual inhibition assays between antibodies in the respective groups for CEA binding further revealed that at least eight different epitopes can be identified on the CEA molecule: two in Group I, one in Group II, three in Group III, and two in Group IV, respectively. Three monoclonal antibodies in Group IV appeared to be specific for CEA, but they did not react with any of five purified CEA preparations other than that used for immunization. In 13 sera from 50 various cancer patients with elevated CEA levels, however, we detected the CEA molecule reactive with these antibodies, indicating that the epitopes recognized by the Group IV antibodies may be of allotypic characters. These epitopes were unrelated to main blood group antigens and did not show any organ specificity. All of the eight epitopes identified in this study were found to be resistant to neuraminidase, mixed glycosidases, and Smith degradation (SI-stage) as determined by a competitive radioimmunoassay, suggesting that they reside on the protein moiety of the CEA molecule. Six epitopes were sensitive to reduction and alkylation, but two other epitopes (one in Group II and the other in Group III) were resistant to these treatments. This result indicates that the latter two epitopes are conformation-independent.
An immunofluorescence method for postembedded tissue in the acrylic resin Technovit 9100 New® using fluorescein isothiocyanate secondary detection (2009)

Immunofluorescence labeling on postembedded tissue in resin is a formidable task. Although resin components and stabilizers are a source of additional strong native fluorescence that overlaps with absorption and emission spectra of commonly used green fluorophores, the unfixed tissue is also subject to native fluorescence. For tissue embedded in resin, we hypothesized that initially removing the resin and subsequently quenching the native fluorescence from the sample could result in specific immunofluorescence signals. The hypothesis was tested on fixed tissue samples embedded in Technovit 9100 New. Deacrylated and rehydrated semithin sections from a variety of soft tissues were exposed to a quenching solution prior to immunolabeling. Cryostat sections from snap frozen tissue were also stained to assess whether all antigens investigated in fixed tissue were adequately detected. The secondary detection included antibodies conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate. The results were evaluated using conventional dark-field and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Both forms of microscopy confirmed the considerable lowering of the native fluorescence associated with the resin and fixed tissue samples with enhanced specific signal. The cryostat tissue sections using the same antibodies in equivalent concentrations confirmed labeling of the same cellular sites as those observed in the fixed tissue. This article describes a method for immunofluorescence labeling in Technovit 9100 New resin embedded tissue and suggests the likely chromogenic elements generating autofluorescence.
Microstructural Characteristics of InGaZnO Thin Film Using an Electrical Current Method (2012)

This research studied the microstructural characteristics and electronic properties of IGZO1114 films (atomic ratio In : Ga : Zn : O = 1 : 1 : 1 : 4) with different annealing conditions. The solid-state electrical current method was used in the IGZO/In films (In layer was a channel) and the interface effect on the electrical current mechanism was discussed. The experimental results show the effect of the annealing temperature was larger than that of the deposition oxygen flow rate for the film resistances. IGZO film which was annealed at 575 K was able to stabilize the composition of the matrix. The electrical current experiment at room temperature confirmed that the diffusion of the IGZO/In film occurred through an electric current induced crystallization (EIC). The In layer not only assisted the recrystallization behavior of the IGZO film, but also improved the electrical resistance.
THE BINARY AND TERNARY ALLOYS OF CADMIUM, BISMUTH AND LEAD. (1910)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE BINARY AND TERNARY ALLOYS OF CADMIUM, BISMUTH AND LEAD.William Edward BarlowCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1910, 32, 11, 1390–1412Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1910Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1910https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01929a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01929a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views86Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
In vivo biosynthesis of retinoic acid from beta-carotene involves and excentric cleavage pathway in ferret intestine (1996)

This study was done to determine whether retinoic acid can be produced by excentric cleavage of beta-carotene in vivo. By using an inhibitor of retinaldehyde oxidation, citral, either retinaldehyde or beta-carotene was incorporated in a micellar solution and perfused through the upper portion of small intestine of ferrets. After 2 h perfusion of 1 microM retinaldehyde, retinoic acid rose in portal blood (+3.5 +/- 1.3 nmol/L) and was detected in the intestinal mucosa (30 +/- 2 pmol/g). When citral was added at 2 mM along with retinaldehyde, retinoic acid decreased in the portal blood and retinoic acid was not detected in the intestinal mucosa. With or without the presence of citral (2 mM), the perfusion of beta-carotene (10 microM) during 2 h caused a significant rise of retinoic acid in portal blood (+2.6 +/- 0.6 nmol/L and + 4.1 +/- 0.6 nmol/L, respectively) and in liver; moreover, significant amounts of retinoic acid were detected in the intestinal mucosa (19 +/- 3 pmol/g and 36 +/- pmol/g, respectively. This study demonstrates that after intestinal perfusion of beta-carotene in the ferret in vivo, a substantial amount of retinoic acid is formed via an excentric cleavage pathway.
Constrained Rietveld refinement of [β-<sup>1</sup>H<sub>1</sub>]decadeuteriodopamine deuteriobromide using powder neutron diffraction data (1996)

The room-temperature crystal structure of [β-1H1]decadeuteriodopamine deuteriobromide has been refined using pulsed neutron diffraction data collected from a powder sample. A Rietveld refinement involving 93 structural parameters converged to give a χ2 of 1.99 for the fit, with 5366 observations and 111 basic variables. The agreement factors Rwp= 2.47%, Rp= 2.74%, RI= 5.70% and RE= 1.75% indicate an excellent fit to the data. Slack chemical constraints were used in the refinement to impose prior chemical sense on the final structure. The dopamine cation is extensively hydrogen bonded to bromide ions, and the hydrogen-bond geometries are well defined.