gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FABP4 Attenuates PPARγ and Adipogenesis and Is Inversely Correlated With PPARγ in Adipose Tissues (2013)

Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4, also known as aP2) is a cytoplasmic fatty acid chaperone expressed primarily in adipocytes and myeloid cells and implicated in the development of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Here we demonstrate that FABP4 triggers the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a master regulator of adipogenesis and insulin responsiveness. Importantly, FABP4-null mouse preadipocytes as well as macrophages exhibited increased expression of PPARγ, and complementation of FABP4 in the macrophages reversed the increase in FABP4 expression. The FABP4-null preadipocytes exhibited a remarkably enhanced adipogenesis compared with wild-type cells, indicating that FABP4 regulates adipogenesis by downregulating PPARγ. We found that the FABP4 level was higher and PPARγ level was lower in human visceral fat and mouse epididymal fat compared with their subcutaneous fat. Furthermore, FABP4 was higher in the adipose tissues of obese diabetic individuals compared with healthy ones. Suppression of PPARγ by FABP4 in visceral fat may explain the reported role of FABP4 in the development of obesity-related morbidities, including insulin resistance, diabetes, and atherosclerosis.
Narcolepsy Type 1 Is Associated with a Systemic Increase and Activation of Regulatory T Cells and with a Systemic Activation of Global T Cells (2017)

Narcolepsy is a rare neurologic disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy and disturbed nocturnal sleep patterns. Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) has been shown to result from a selective loss of hypothalamic hypocretin-secreting neurons with patients typically showing low CSF-hypocretin levels (<110 pg/ml). This specific loss of hypocretin and the strong association with the HLA-DQB1*06:02 allele led to the hypothesis that NT1 could be an immune-mediated pathology. Moreover, susceptibility to NT1 has recently been associated with several pathogens, particularly with influenza A H1N1 virus either through infection or vaccination. The goal of this study was to compare peripheral blood immune cell populations in recent onset pediatric NT1 subjects (post or non-post 2009-influenza A H1N1 vaccination) to healthy donors. We demonstrated an increased number of central memory CD4+ T cells (CD62L+ CD45RA-) associated to an activated phenotype (increase in CD69 and CD25 expression) in NT1 patients. Percentage and absolute count of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in NT1 patients were increased associated with an activated phenotype (increase in GITR and LAP expression), and of activated memory phenotype. Cytokine production by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells after activation was not modified in NT1 patients. In H1N1 vaccinated NT1 patients, absolute counts of CD3+, CD8+ T cells, and B cells were increased compared to non-vaccinated NT1 patients. These results support a global T cell activation in NT1 patients and thus support a T cell-mediated autoimmune origin of NT1, but do not demonstrate the pathological role of H1N1 prophylactic vaccination. They should prompt further studies of T cells, particularly of Tregs (such as suppression and proliferation antigen specific assays, and also T-cell receptor sequencing), in NT1.
Innovation in San Francisco (1992)

In San Francisco 2 weeks ago, AAAS and Science sponsored a new meeting, Science Innovation '92. The unusual gathering focused not on research results but on new techniques and instruments, particularly for biomedical science. As seen in the stories below, some of the most eye-catching innovations emerged at the intersection of physics and biology.
Spectroscopic study of pressure-polymerized phases of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>60</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2000)

Comparative studies of the infrared (IR) and Raman spectra of the orthorhombic, tetragonal, and rhombohedral pressure-polymerized phases of ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ as well as the pressure-dimerized state have been performed at ambient conditions. The tentative assignment of the vibrational spectra of different phases has shown that they could be perfectly described by the molecular symmetry of the ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ polymers which are the structure-forming elements of crystalline polymerized phases. This allowed one to consider the IR and Raman spectra of the crystalline polymerized phases as characteristic of those of the appropriate one- and two-dimensional ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ polymers and to use them for molecular fractional analysis of polymerization products.
Effects of Naltrexone and Nalmefene on Subjective Response to Alcohol Among Non‐Treatment‐Seeking Alcoholics and Social Drinkers (2004)

These findings demonstrate that both naltrexone and nalmefene are associated with reduced alcohol-induced craving and stimulation among alcoholics who are not actively attempting to reduce drinking. These data provide insights into potential mechanisms that may underlie opiate antagonists' effects in the context of treatment.
Frequency-agile dual-frequency lidar for integrated coherent radar-lidar architectures (2015)

We propose a novel architecture for implementing a dual-frequency lidar (DFL) exploiting differential Doppler shift measurement. The two frequency tones, needed for target velocity measurements, are selected from the spectrum of a mode-locked laser operating in the C-band. The tones' separation is easily controlled by using a programmable wavelength selective switch, thus allowing for a dynamic trade-off among robustness to atmospheric turbulence and sensitivity. Speed measurements for different tone separations equal to 10, 40, 80, and 160 GHz are demonstrated, proving the system's capability of working in different configurations. Thanks to the acquisition system based on an analog-to-digital converter and digital-signal processing, real-time velocity measurements are demonstrated. The MLL-based proposed architecture enables the integration of the DFL with a photonic-based radar that exploits the same laser for generating and receiving radio-frequency signal with high performance, thus allowing for simultaneous or complementary target observations by exploiting the advantages of both radar and lidar.
Synthesis of 11.alpha.,9.alpha.-epoxymethanothromboxane A2: a stable, optically active TxA2 agonist (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 11.alpha.,9.alpha.-epoxymethanothromboxane A2: a stable, optically active TxA2 agonistThomas K. Schaaf, Donald L. Bussolotti, M. John Parry, and E. J. CoreyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 21, 6502–6505Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00411a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00411a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views153Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Kinetic Rates of Thermal Transformations and Diffusion in Polymer Systems Measured during Sub-millisecond Laser-Induced Heating (2012)

Probing chemical reaction kinetics in the near-solid state (small molecules and polymers) is extremely challenging because of the restricted mobility of reactant species, the absence of suitable analytical probes, and most critically the limited temperature stability of the materials. By limiting temperature exposure to extremely short time frames (sub-millisecond), temperatures in excess of 800 °C can be accessed extending kinetic rate measurements many orders of magnitude. Here we demonstrate measurements on a model system, exploiting the advantages of thin-films, laser heating, and chemically amplified resists as an exquisite probe of chemical kinetic rates. Chemical reaction and acid diffusion rates were measured over 10 orders of magnitude, exposing unexpected and large changes in dynamics linked to critical mechanism shifts across temperature regimes. This new approach to the study of kinetics in near-solid state materials promises to substantially improve our understanding of processes active in a broad range of temperature-sensitive, low-mobility materials.
Corrosion and Degradation of Implant Materials (1979)

Description Contains 22 papers ranging from degradation of ceramic and polymeric materials to corrosion of dental and orthopedic implant alloys.
<sup>13</sup>C hyperfine interactions in the nitrogen-vacancy centre in diamond (2011)

The electronic spin associated with the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centre in diamond interacts with an environment formed by isotopic impurities and paramagnetic defects; the strength of these interactions depends on the location of each impurity relative to the NV centre. From the electron spin resonance spectra of individual NV centres we infer the possible values and signs of hyperfine splittings from nearby 13C nuclear spins at different lattice sites. Moreover, single-defect-centre nuclear magnetic resonance allows the examination of some of the inhomogeneities associated with the mesoscopic environment of NV–13C systems. These measurements provide a check on ab initio calculations of electron spin density and have relevance for potential applications in nuclear spin quantum registers.
Online and Stochastic Gradient Methods for Non-decomposable Loss Functions (2014)

Modern applications in sensitive domains such as biometrics and medicine frequently require the use of non-decomposable loss functions such as precision@k, F-measure etc. Compared to point loss functions such as hinge-loss, these offer much more fine grained control over prediction, but at the same time present novel challenges in terms of algorithm design and analysis. In this work we initiate a study of online learning techniques for such non-decomposable loss functions with an aim to enable incremental learning as well as design scalable solvers for batch problems. To this end, we propose an online learning framework for such loss functions. Our model enjoys several nice properties, chief amongst them being the existence of efficient online learning algorithms with sublinear regret and online to batch conversion bounds. Our model is a provable extension of existing online learning models for point loss functions. We instantiate two popular losses, prec@k and pAUC, in our model and prove sublinear regret bounds for both of them. Our proofs require a novel structural lemma over ranked lists which may be of independent interest. We then develop scalable stochastic gradient descent solvers for non-decomposable loss functions. We show that for a large family of loss functions satisfying a certain uniform convergence property (that includes prec@k, pAUC, and F-measure), our methods provably converge to the empirical risk minimizer. Such uniform convergence results were not known for these losses and we establish these using novel proof techniques. We then use extensive experimentation on real life and benchmark datasets to establish that our method can be orders of magnitude faster than a recently proposed cutting plane method.
Strategies in biomimetic surface engineering of nanoparticles for biomedical applications (2011)

Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) play an increasingly important role in biomedical sciences and in nanomedicine. Yet, in spite of significant advances, it remains difficult to construct drug-loaded NPs with precisely defined therapeutic effects, in terms of release time and spatial targeting. The body is a highly complex system that imposes multiple physiological and cellular barriers to foreign objects. Upon injection in the blood stream or following oral administation, NPs have to bypass numerous barriers prior to reaching their intended target. A particularly successful design strategy consists in masking the NP to the biological environment by covering it with an outer surface mimicking the composition and functionality of the cell's external membrane. This review describes this biomimetic approach. First, we outline key features of the composition and function of the cell membrane. Then, we present recent developments in the fabrication of molecules that mimic biomolecules present on the cell membrane, such as proteins, peptides, and carbohydrates. We present effective strategies to link such bioactive molecules to the NPs surface and we highlight the power of this approach by presenting some exciting examples of biomimetically engineered NPs useful for multimodal diagnostics and for target-specific drug/gene delivery applications. Finally, critical directions for future research and applications of biomimetic NPs are suggested to the readers.
Lateralized startle probes in the study of emotion (1996)

Two experiments are reported in which affective modulation of the startle reflex elicited by monaurally presented acoustic probes was further examined. An earlier study in our laboratory obtained significant modulation by affect for probes presented to the left ear, but no significant effect for probes presented to the right ear. Experiment 1 replicated the procedures used in that experiment and obtained the same pattern of effects. Experiment 2 changed the presentation of monaural probes from a blocked to a mixed presentation and again obtained a similar pattern. Modulatory differences in reflex magnitude between pleasant and unpleasant stimuli were consistently large and reliable for reflexes elicited by left ear probes but weak and unreliable for reflexes elicited by right ear probes.
Optimized chemical vapor deposition of borophosphosilicate glass films (1985)

Le depot sous pression atmospherique est effectue dans des conditions optimales pour economiser les reactifs et reduire la contamination. On utilise des reacteurs de laboratoires et a l'echelle industrielle. Les proprietes des couches ayant de l'importance pour les circuits integres ne sont pas modifiees. On discute plusieurs aspects technologiques: stabilite du verre pendant le traitement, fusion dans divers milieux ambiants, chauffage rapide isotherme pour l'ecoulement du verre. Bibliographie
Rapport II.12. Quelques réflexions et suggestions d'ordre pratique relatives à la prévision des crues (Méthode de M. Bachet) (1969)

Robert M. E. Rapport II.12. Quelques réflexions et suggestions d'ordre pratique relatives à la prévision des crues (Méthode de M. Bachet). In: La prévision des crues et la protection contre les inondations. Dixièmes journées de l'hydraulique. Paris, 5, 6 et 7 juin 1968. Tome 2, 1969.
[Pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel in experimental animals. Part 1. Blood level]. (1994)

The plasma disposition of paclitaxel in rabbits (7 mg/kg, 1 h i.v. inf.) was biphasic with half-lives of 0.36 and 6.36 h, and AUC was 9.46 micrograms.hr/ml. K12 value was larger than K21 and V2 was larger than V1, suggesting that paclitaxel had a favorable distribution profile in tissues. In S 180 bearing male ICR mice (30 mg/kg, i.v. bolus), the biphasic plasma disposition was also observed. The half-lives and AUC were 0.25 h, 2.23 h and 117.93 micrograms.hr/ml. Paclitaxel distributed widely in plasma rather than blood cells. The biliary level of paclitaxel in the enlarged gallbladder of ICR mice was markedly high, about 10-fold higher than the urinary level and 100-fold higher than the plasma level. The bioavailability with oral administration to ICR mice was poor. AUC(oral)/AUC(i.v.) ratio in the bile, liver, tumor and plasma was 18.91, 6.71, 0.83 and 0.45%, respectively.
Analytical tools for magnetic resonance imaging. (1984)

The response of different magnetic resonance (MR) techniques to tissue parameters - T1, T2, and N(H) - is a determinant of clinical efficacy. The large possible number of imaging techniques and range of variable parameters for each make it difficult to perform exhaustive evaluations in a single patient or even in animal models. In addition, changes in operating magnetic field strength change the relaxation times sufficiently so that the efficacy of a technique at a given field does not imply similar results at another field value. Tools are demonstrated that permit the evaluation of the efficacy of any model of response to tissue parameters, and also allow the investigation of the effects of changing magnetic field. Global maps of signal difference between tissues as well as calculated images are obtainable from a minimally sufficient data set. These tools serve as an important adjunct to experimental work.
A facile, practical synthesis of 2,6-dideoxy-2,6-imino-7-O-.beta.-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glycero-L-gulo-heptitol (MDL 25,637) (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA facile, practical synthesis of 2,6-dideoxy-2,6-imino-7-O-.beta.-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glycero-L-gulo-heptitol (MDL 25,637)Peter B. Anzeveno, Laura J. Creemer, John K. Daniel, Chi Hsin R. King, and Paul S. LiuCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 11, 2539–2542Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00272a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00272a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views492Altmetric-Citations139LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Substrate Discrimination among Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases through Distinct Docking Sequence Motifs (2008)

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) mediate cellular responses to a wide variety of extracellular stimuli. MAPK signal transduction cascades are tightly regulated, and individual MAPKs display exquisite specificity in recognition of their target substrates. All MAPK family members share a common phosphorylation site motif, raising questions as to how substrate specificity is achieved. Here we describe a peptide library screen to identify sequence requirements of the DEF site (docking site for ERK FXF), a docking motif separate from the phosphorylation site. We show that MAPK isoforms recognize DEF sites with unique sequences and identify two key residues on the MAPK that largely dictate sequence specificity. Based on these observations and computational docking studies, we propose a revised model for MAPK interaction with substrates containing DEF sites. Variations in DEF site sequence requirements provide one possible mechanism for encoding complex target specificity among MAPK isoforms.
Soft Coulomb gap and asymmetric scaling towards metal-insulator quantum criticality in multilayer MoS2 (2018)

Quantum localization-delocalization of carriers are well described by either carrier-carrier interaction or disorder. When both effects come into play, however, a comprehensive understanding is not well established mainly due to complexity and sparse experimental data. Recently developed two-dimensional layered materials are ideal in describing such mesoscopic critical phenomena as they have both strong interactions and disorder. The transport in the insulating phase is well described by the soft Coulomb gap picture, which demonstrates the contribution of both interactions and disorder. Using this picture, we demonstrate the critical power law behavior of the localization length, supporting quantum criticality. We observe asymmetric critical exponents around the metal-insulator transition through temperature scaling analysis, which originates from poor screening in insulating regime and conversely strong screening in metallic regime due to free carriers. The effect of asymmetric scaling behavior is weakened in monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub> due to a dominating disorder.
Formation of ferromagnetic iron nitrides in iron thin films by high-dose nitrogen ion implantation (1989)

Synthesis of thin films of Fe16N2 has been investigated by use of a high-dose nitrogen ion implantation into thin iron films. Nitrogen molecular ions of N+2 were accelerated to 150 keV and implanted into α-iron films with a thickness of 200 nm. As a result of an implantation with the dose of 4.0×1016 (N2/cm2), 35% of the α-Fe was transformed into an iron nitride with a body-centered-tetragonal (bct) structure. The c axis of the bct lattices was oriented perpendicularly to the film plane. It was found that nitrogen implantation into iron films gives rise to both an increase in the spontaneous magnetization and a perpendicular anisotropy. These facts are explained on the basis of the bct nitride formation and the c-axis orientation. Conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy was used to study hyperfine structures and magnetic properties of the implanted films. Three different Fe sites corresponding to the bct nitride were recognized in a spectrum of the implanted film. The maximum hyperfine field was 372.8 kOe at room temperature which is ascribed to the second-nearest-neighbor Fe sites for the nitrogen atoms. It was deduced that the bct iron nitride has an ordered structure analogous to Fe16N2.
A Contribution to the Ecology of the Umlalazi Estuary (1966)

The UmIalazi river in Zululand is undergoing large scale changes due to deposition of mud from cultivated areas and a simultaneous rapid colonisation by mangroves chiefly Avicennia officinalis . The result is that open mud banks are being consolidated, shallows are changing into mangrove swamps and eventually into dry land. Much useful information can, be obtained from the study of aerial photographs and in the case of the Zululand coastal rivers we are fortunate in having two series of photographic surveys by the Trigonometrical survey. The photographs of the Umlalazi were made in 1937 and in 1960 and are reproduced in Fig. 1. The spread of mangroves and mud banks is obvious. In view of these changes it was felt that an ecological survey should be undertaken in order to record the present physical conditions and animal life in the estuary. As the mangrove invasion progresses the estuary will become narrower, shallows will disappear and tidal currents will become stronger. This should result in an increase in the fauna associated with mangrove swamps and a decrease in the shallow water fauna. Zoologica Africana 2 (1): 1-24