gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exopolysaccharides Production by Lactic Acid Bacteria (2016)

Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are high molecular weight and biodegradable polymers. They are biosynthesized by a wide range of bacteria. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are also able to produce EPSs. EPSs can be classified into two groups. These are homopolysaccharides and heteropolysaccharides. Homopolysaccharides are polymers which are composed of one type of monosaccharide. Heteropolysaccharides are polymers of repeating units. They are composed of two or more types of monosaccharides. Producer microorganisms don’t use the bacterial EPSs as energy sources. EPSs have been used in the production of several fermented foods such as thickeners, stabilizers, emulsifiers and gelling or water-binding agents. In addition, EPSs have some positive effects on health. These are to have antitumor effects, immune-stimulatory activity and to lower blood cholesterol. Incubation temperature and time, growth medium, acidity of growth medium and type of strain have an impact on EPSs production.
In this review, EPSs production by LAB, including chemical composition, structure, biosynthesis, genetics and application of EPSs produced by LAB is discussed
Standing Waves along a Microwave Generated Surface Wave Plasma (1982)

Two surface wave plasma columns, generated by microwave power in argon at gas pressures of 0.05 torr to 330 torr, interact in the same discharge tube to form standing surface waves. Radial electric field Er and azimuthal magnetic field Hϕ outside the discharge tube are measured to be 90° out of phase with respect to axial position and to decay exponentially with radial distance from the tube axis. Maximum light emission occurs at the position of maximum Hϕ, and minimum Er. Electron temperature and density are measured at low pressures with double probes inserted into the plasma at a null of Er. Measured electron densities compare well with those predicted by Gould-Trivelpiece (GT) surface wave theory. Measured electron temperatures are the same order of magnitude as temperatures predicted by positive column theory.
294. Some properties of, and a structural scheme for, the harmotome zeolites (1959)

R. M. Barrer, F. W. Bultitude and I. S. Kerr, J. Chem. Soc., 1959, 1521 DOI: 10.1039/JR9590001521
Human Factors Considerations for Voice Route Guidance (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">We have developed a vehicle navigation system with route guidance enhanced by voice messages. This paper describes the human factors engineering study carried out to develop the software specifications for the voice route guidance. Results of experiments for verification of the effectiveness of the system, including objective measurements of drivers' glance behavior and mental workload, will also be reported.</div>
Prediction of net energy value of feeds for growing pigs1 (1994)

Digestible (DE), metabolizable (ME), and net (NE) energy values of 61 diets were measured in 45-kg growing Large White boars. Net energy was calculated as energy retained at an average ME intake equivalent to 540 kcal/kg BW.60 plus fasting heat production estimated from data of the present experiment as 179 kcal/kg BW.60. Retained energy was measured as the difference between ME intake and heat production obtained in respiration chambers. The amounts of DE digested before the end of the ileum (DEi) and in the hindgut (DEh) were also measured for each diet. Regression equations for predicting dietary NE content from digestible nutrient levels or from DE or ME and chemical characteristics or from chemical composition only were calculated. Efficiencies of utilization of ME for NE (k, %) were also obtained. The mean k value for the 61 diets was 74% (range: 69 to 77). Digestible nutrients were used differently for NE: k values varied from approximately 60% for digestible CP or digestible cell wall fractions to 82% for starch and 90% for digestible ether extract. Accordingly, k for ME associated with DEh was lower than ME from DEi (58 vs 76%). Equations for predicting NE content are proposed. Their applicability, the comparison with other available NE prediction equations, and the effects of energy system on diet formulation are discussed.
Sorting variables by using informative vectors as a strategy for feature selection in multivariate regression (2008)

Abstract A new procedure with high ability to enhance prediction of multivariate calibration models with a small number of interpretable variables is presented. The core of this methodology is to sort the variables from an informative vector, followed by a systematic investigation of PLS regression models with the aim of finding the most relevant set of variables by comparing the cross‐validation parameters of the models obtained. In this work, seven main informative vectors i.e. regression vector, correlation vector, residual vector, variable influence on projection (VIP), net analyte signal (NAS), covariance procedures vector (CovProc), signal‐to‐noise ratios vector (StN) and their combinations were automated and tested with the main purpose of feature selection. Six data sets from different sources were employed to validate this methodology. They originated from: near‐Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, gas chromatography (GC), fluorescence spectroscopy, quantitative structure‐activity relationships (QSAR) and computer simulation. The results indicate that all vectors and their combinations were able to enhance prediction capability with respect to the full data sets. However, regression and NAS informative vectors from partial least squares (PLS) regression, both built using more latent variables than when building the model presented in most of tested data sets, were the best informative vectors for variable selection. In all the applications, the selected variables were quite effective and useful for interpretation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vasoactive properties of acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine and analogues. (1982)

Intradermal injection of 0.1 pmole (52 pg.) of acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine (AGEPC) in guinea pigs induced increased vascular permeability as assessed by a skin-blueing model. Rabbits and rats showed increased vascular permeability with 1.0 pmole (520 pg.) of AGEPC. On a molar basis, from 1,000 to 10,000 times more histamine was required to induce skin blueing in the same animals. In rabbits and guinea pigs, the increased vascular permeability induced by AGEPC occurred as an early, transient phase and as a delayed, prolonged phase. The early, transient phase was not inhibited by chlorpheniramine doses which markedly reduced or abrogated histamine-induced blueing. AGEPC was 100 to 1000 times more potent than histamine on a molar basis for the induction of vasoconstriction in a blued skin assay in guinea pigs. These studies demonstrate that AGEPC has potent vasoactive properties and provide additional information that implicates this acetylated alkyl phosphoglyceride as a mediator of the acute inflammatory process.
Monoclinic Hydroxyapatite (1973)

The existence of a monoclinic phase of hydroxyapatite, Ca(2)(PO(4))(4)OH, has been confirmed, by single-crystal structure analysis (weighted "reliability" factor = 3.9 percent on |F|(2)). The structure has space group P21/b, a = 9.4214(8) angstroms, b = 2a, c = 6.8814(7) angstroms, and gamma = 120 degrees , and is analogous to that of chlorapatite. The distortions from the hexagonal structure with which the monoclinic structure is pseudosymmetric are similar to those in chlorapatite, including enlargement of that triangular array of oxygen atoms in which the chlorine ion or, in hydroxyapatite, the hydroxyl hydrogen ion is approximately centered. The hydroxyapatite specimen was prepared by the conversion of a single crystal of chlorapatite in steam at 1200 degrees C, was mimetically twinned, and was approximately 37 percent monoclinic.
Observation of phase coherence among multiple Josephson oscillators (1980)

A method is described for obtaining coherent in-phase oscillation in a large array of Josephson oscillators. This coherence has been demonstrated in a ten-junction array through the observation of strong voltage locking between sections of the array in the range of frequencies from 5 to 35 GHz. It has been demonstrated that this coherent in-phase oscillation in a ten-junction array gives 100 times (i.e., N2) the power of a similar single junction into the same load.
Near-field observation of evanescent light wave coupling in subwavelength optical waveguides (2002)

We report the observation, in the range of visible frequencies, of the coupling of light into integrated waveguides of subwavelength cross-sections together with a subwavelength detection at the output of such guides. Coupling in is produced by controlling the focusing of a laser beam totally reflected at the surface of the sample. Several tens of micrometres long dielectric ridges have been efficiently excited with this technique. The phenomenon is observed in direct space by a Photon Scanning Tunneling Microscope which also allows to test the principle of detection in a subwavelength volume.
High-sensitivity wideband THz detectors based on GaN HEMTs with integrated bow-tie antennas (2015)

This paper reports on antenna-coupled field-effect transistors for the detection of terahertz radiation (Ter-aFETs), based on AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). The HEMTs are integrated on-chip with bow-tie antennas. The broadband sensitivity of the fabricated detectors was characterized in the frequency range from 0.4 up to 1.18 THz. We reach record values of optical noise equivalent power (NEP) down to 57 pW/√Hz at 0.9 THz. These values are the result of antenna and fabrication process optimization as well as modelling including plasmonic effects.
Electron velocity overshoot at room and liquid nitrogen temperatures in silicon inversion layers (1988)

Effective electron velocities in silicon MOSFETs exceeding the bulk saturation values of 10/sup 7/ cm/s at room temperature and 1.3*10/sup 7/ cm/s at liquid-nitrogen temperature are inferred. This conclusion suggests that electron velocity overshoot occurs over a large portion of the device channel length. To infer this phenomenon, submicrometer-channel-length Si MOSFETs with lightly doped inversion layers were fabricated. These devices have low field mobility of 450 cm/sup 2//V-s and showed only slight short-channel effects. Effective carrier velocities are calculated from the saturated transconductance g/sub m/ at V/sub DS/=1.5 V after correction for parasitic resistances of source and drain.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Concurrency control and view notification algorithms for collaborative replicated objects (2002)

This paper describes algorithms for implementing a high-level programming model for synchronous distributed groupware applications. In this model, several application data objects may be atomically updated, and these objects automatically maintain consistency with their replicas using an optimistic algorithm. Changes to these objects may be optimistically or pessimistically observed by view objects by taking consistent snapshots. The algorithms for both update propagation and view notification are based upon optimistic guess propagation principles, adapted for fast commit by using primary copy replication techniques. The main contribution of the paper is the synthesis of these two algorithmic techniques-guess propagation and primary copy replication-for implementing a framework that is easy to program and is well suited for the needs of groupware applications.
Broad-band power amplifier with a novel tunable output matching network (2005)

A multiband power amplifier module (PAM) comprised of an InGaP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) broad-band power amplifier (PA) and a tunable multiband output matching circuit is proposed and demonstrated. The three-stage MMIC broad-band PA is realized by using the novel HBT structure and layout, applying broad-band and compensating matching technique in matching network design, adopting power gain predistortion at the first stage, and optimizing the distribution of power gain among stages. The output matching circuit is implemented with parallel inductance-capacitance (LC) tank circuits using p-i-n diodes to control the inductor value. This multiband PAM offers advantages of tunable frequency band, low insertion loss, small size, and high linearity. The multiband PAM biased at 3.5 V demonstrates 27-dB power gain, 30-dBm output power, and higher than 40% power-added efficiency at frequencies covering dual bands from 0.85 to 0.95 GHz and from 1.71 to 1.95 GHz.
CONDITIONAL RISK ANALYSIS (1978)

ABSTRACT This paper introduces conditional risk analysis as a new approach to extend the standard risk analysis method of Hertz. An exercise in profit planning is used to illustrate the special features of conditional risk analysis: total risk measurement, risk decomposition, factor outcome analysis and variable significance analysis. Mathematical expressions are presented for performing the various analyses.
Information, Prediction, and Query by Committee (1992)

We analyze the by algorithm, a method for filtering informative queries from a random stream of inputs. We show that if the two-member committee algorithm achieves information gain with positive lower bound, then the prediction error decreases exponentially with the number of queries. We show that, in particular, this exponential decrease holds for query learning of thresholded smooth functions.
Automatic Performance Tuning for the Virtualized Cluster System (2009)

System virtualization can aggregate the functionality of multiple standalone computer systems into a single hardware computer. It is significant to virtualize the computing nodes with multi-core processors in the cluster system, in order to promote the usage of the hardware while decrease the cost of the power. In the virtualized cluster system, multiple virtual machines are running on a computing node. However, it is a challenging issue to automatically balance the workload in virtual machines on each physical computing node, which is different from the traditional cluster system's load balance. In this paper, we propose a management framework for the virtualized cluster system, and present an automatic performance tuning strategy to balance the workload in the virtualized cluster system. We implement a working prototype of the management framework (VEMan) based on Xen, and test the performance of the tuning strategy on a virtualized heterogeneous cluster system. The experimental result indicates that the management framework and tuning strategy are feasible to improve the performance of the virtualized cluster system.
Early detection and treatment of a leaking gastrojejunostomy following gastric bypass. (1987)

A leaking anastomosis between the proximal stomach and the jejunum is a serious postoperative complication of the gastric bypass operation. Associated intra-abdominal sepsis carries a high mortality rate. Early diagnosis, particularly at the time of operation, and remedial treatment reduce mortality. We have devised a method for the detection of leaks, using nasogastric infusion of methylene blue with an i.p. sump suction catheter. In our initial group of 150 patients, where this method was not used, 5 patients had an anastomotic leak and 2 died of fulminant sepsis. The presence of a leak in these cases was diagnosed on clinical grounds and confirmed in all five by Gastrografin swallow between the 3rd and 5th postoperative day. In a later group of 250 patients, methylene blue was routinely used intra-operatively and twice daily thereafter to verify the integrity of the anastomosis. Of this group, seven patients developed leaks, five of which were diagnosed intra-operatively while the other two were diagnosed on the 1st postoperative day. There was no mortality in this group. The use of methylene blue provides early detection of a leaking anastomosis and thus may significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality of the gastric bypass operation.
Quantitative hydrogenation of the principal unsaturated components of turpentine, pine oil, and rosin (1930)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuantitative hydrogenation of the principal unsaturated components of turpentine, pine oil, and rosinW. E. ShaeferCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1930, 2, 1, 115–117Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1930Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1930https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50069a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50069a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views107Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Teaching a Machine to Read Maps With Deep Reinforcement Learning (2018)

The ability to use a 2D map to navigate a complex 3D environment is quite remarkable, and even difficult for many humans. Localization and navigation is also an important problem in domains such as robotics, and has recently become a focus of the deep reinforcement learning community. In this paper we teach a reinforcement learning agent to read a map in order to find the shortest way out of a random maze it has never seen before. Our system combines several state-of-the-art methods such as A3C and incorporates novel elements such as a recurrent localization cell. Our agent learns to localize itself based on 3D first person images and an approximate orientation angle. The agent generalizes well to bigger mazes, showing that it learned useful localization and navigation capabilities.
Chromatography (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChromatographyHarold H. StrainCite this: Anal. Chem. 1960, 32, 5, 3–18Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1960Publication History Published online12 July 2002Published inissue 1 April 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60161a601https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60161a601research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views206Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Analysis and minimization techniques for total leakage considering gate oxide leakage (2003)

In this paper we address the growing issue of gate oxide leakage current (I/sub gate/) at the circuit level. Specifically, we develop a fast approach to analyze the total leakage power of a large circuit block, considering both I/sub gate/ and subthreshold leakage (I/sub sub/). The interaction between I/sub sub/ and I/sub gate/ complicates analysis in arbitrary CMOS topologies and we propose simple and accurate heuristics based on table look-ups to quickly estimate the state-dependent total leakage current within 1% of SPICE. We then make several observations on the impact of I/sub gate/ in designs that are standby power limited, including the role of device ordering within a stack and the differing state dependencies for NOR vs. NAND topologies. Based on these observations, we propose the use of pin recording as a means to reduce I/sub gate/ due to the dependencies of gate leakage on stack node voltages.
One‐Pot Multistep Cascade Reactions over Multifunctional Nanocomposites with Pd Nanoparticles Supported on Amine‐Modified Mesoporous Silica (2013)

Two kinds of multifunctional nanocomposites, SBA-15-NH2/Pd-p and SBA-15-NH2/Pd-f, with platelet-like and fiber-like morphologies, respectively, were fabricated by immobilizing Pd NPs onto amine-functionalized SBA-15. Some of the amino groups acted as anchoring sites for Pd NPs, whilst the remaining groups acted as Brønsted basic sites. As a result, the composites served as excellent multifunctional heterogeneous catalysts for one-pot multistep cascade reaction sequences. Moreover, when diffusion was the rate-determine step, SBA-15-NH2/Pd-p, with small mesopores, was superior to the fiber-like control sample, owing to its short diffusion length, a lower possibility of pore clogging, and better mass transportation for the reaction species during the catalysis.
Precise velocity measurement of surface acoustic waves on a bearing ball (2000)

Using the photoacoustic effect of interference fringes scanned at the phase velocity of surface acoustic waves (SAW), we excited tone bursts of SAW with a center frequency of around 30 MHz on a 8 mm φ steel bearing ball. A surprisingly large number (around 20 turns) of round-trip propagations was observed. The time interval between the SAW at the first and the twelfth turn was as large as 93 μs, however it could be determined with a 2 ns resolution since an exact overlapping of the two wave forms was possible. Thus, we achieved a very high resolution of 0.002% in the velocity measurement, and a velocity change of 2 m/s due to the deposition of a 50-nm-thick Ag film was easily detected. Because of its noncontact nature, this method would be useful for nondestructive evaluation of bearing balls.
Inhibition of Secreted Phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> by Proanthocyanidins: A Comparative Enzymological and in Silico Modeling Study (2012)

Secreted phospholipase A2 (PLA2) plays a critical role in mobilizing arachidonic acid in phospholipids. We have previously reported that PLA2 is inhibited by B-type proanthocyanidins (PaCs). To further understand the inhibitory activity of these compounds, we compared the inhibitory potency of B-type PaCs to that of A-type PaCs and modeled them with PLA2 using in silico techniques. The B-type trimer and tetramer inhibited PLA2 (IC50 = 16 and 10 μM). The A-type compounds were less potent (18-35% inhibition at 50 μM). The active site of PLA2 lies in a hydrophobic tunnel. Modeling studies revealed that the B-type PaCs occupy this tunnel and are stabilized by a number of van der Waals interactions. The result is reduced substrate access to the active site. The A-type compounds can occupy this tunnel only by shifting the N-terminal loop outward. Our data provide a structural basis to screen additional PaCs for anti-PLA2 activity.