gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 10 b, 20 Msample/s, 35 mW pipeline A/D converter (1995)

This paper describes a 10 b, 20 Msample/s pipeline A/D converter implemented in 1.2 /spl mu/m CMOS technology which achieves a power dissipation of 35 mW at full speed operation. Circuit techniques used to achieve this level of power dissipation include digital correction to allow the use of dynamic comparators, and optimum scaling of capacitor values through the pipeline. Also, to be compatible with low voltage mixed-signal system environments, a switched capacitor (SC) circuit in each pipeline stage is implemented and operated at 3.3 V with a new high-speed, low-voltage operational amplifier and charge pump circuits. Measured performance includes 0.6 LSB of INL, 59.1 dB of SNDR (Signal-to-Noise-plus-Distortion-Ratio) for 100 kHz input at 20 Msample/s. At Nyquist sampling (10 MHz input) SNDR is 55.0 dB. Differential input range is /spl plusmn/1 V, and measured input referred RMS noise is 220 /spl mu/V. The power dissipation at 1 MS/s is below 3 mW with 58 dB of SNDR.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Self-diffusion of random-coil polystyrene determined by pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance: dependence on concentration and molar mass (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelf-diffusion of random-coil polystyrene determined by pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance: dependence on concentration and molar massP. T. Callaghan and D. N. PinderCite this: Macromolecules 1981, 14, 5, 1334–1340Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma50006a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ma50006a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views367Altmetric-Citations86LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Enabling Public Cameras to Talk to the Public (2018)

This paper asks: Is it possible for cameras in public areas, say ceiling cameras in a museum, to send personalized messages to people without knowing any addresses of their phones? We define this kind of problem as Private Human Addressing and develop a real-time end-to-end system called PHADE to solve it. Unlike traditional data transmission protocols that need to first learn the destination's address, our cameras rely on viewing user's motion patterns, and use the uniqueness of these patterns as the address for communication. Once receiving the wireless broadcast from the cameras, the user's phone can locally compare the "motion address" of the packet against its own motion sensor data, and accept the packet upon a "good" match. In addition to requiring no data from users, our system transforms the motion patterns into low-dimensional codes to prevent leakage of user's walking behaviors. Thus, a hacker who collects all the broadcast messages would still not be able to infer the motion patterns of users. Real-world experiments show that PHADE discriminates 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 people with 98%, 95%, 90%, 90%, 87% correctness and about 3 seconds constant delay. Since abundant and accurate information can be extracted from videos, PHADE would find applications in various contexts. Extended to localization system and audio guide, PHADE achieves a median error of 0.19m and 99.7% matching correctness, respectively. PHADE can also deliver messages based on human gestures. There is no need to deploy any extra infrastructures or to require users to rent any dedicated device.
Computation of Monopole Antenna Currents Using Cylindrical Harmonic Expansions (1988)

This thesis investigates the viability of a new method for numerically computing the input impedance and the currents on simple antenna structures. This technique considers the antenna between two ground planes and uses multiregion cylindrical harmonic expansions with tangential field continuity to obtain the surface currents and input impedance. The computed results are compared to the results obtained from the Numerical Electromagnetics Code for various physical parameters to assess computational accuracy.
Effects of Peripheral Visual Information on Performance of Video Game with Hemi-Spherical Immersive Projection Screen (2009)

The recent development of immersive displays with high resolution and a wide field of view (e.g., hemi-spherical projection screen) has made it possible to play video games with higher levels of presence. However, it is not yet clear how players utilize the visual and auditory information provided by such displays for game play. In this paper, we report three experiments on an arcade video game "Mobile Suit GUNDAM Senjyo no Kizuna" with a hemi-ellipsoidal panoramic optical display (POD). Highly trained participants (professional game debuggers) were employed. They played the game with various visual masks (Experiments 1 and 2) and sound conditions (with and without sound; Experiment 3). In all of the experiments, the game performance (i.e., game score) was recorded as well as ratings for enjoyment, sensation of presence, and visually induced motion sickness as the game was played. The results suggest that players have a certain size of “effective visual space” in which peripheral information can be utilized. Furthermore, the results suggest that auditory information, together with a wide range of visual information, would enhance a player’s enjoyment and sensation of presence during game play.
13C and 31P NMR Studies on the Effects of Increased Plasma Free Fatty Acids on Intramuscular Glucose Metabolism in the Awake Rat (1997)

The effects of increased plasma free fatty acids (FFA) on insulin-dependent whole body glucose disposal, skeletal muscle glycolysis, glycogen synthesis, pyruvate versus FFA/ketone oxidation, and glucose 6-phosphate (Glu-6-P) were investigated in the awake rat. A control group (glycerol-infused) and high plasma FFA group (Liposyn-infused) were clamped at euglycemia (approximately 6 mM)-hyperinsulinemia (10 milliunits/kg/min) throughout the experiment (180-240 min). In the initial experiment, 13C NMR was used to observe [1-13C]glucose incorporation into [1-13C]glycogen in the rat hindlimb for glycogen synthesis calculations and into [3-13C]lactate and [3-13C]alanine for glycolytic flux calculations. These experiments were followed by 31P NMR measurements of Glu-6-P changes under identical conditions of the initial experiment. Plasma FFA concentrations were 2.25 +/- 0.36 and 0.20 +/- 0.03 mM in the high plasma FFA and control groups respectively (p < 0.0005). Glucose infusion rates (Ginf) decreased significantly in the Liposyn-infused rats (29.5 +/- 0.7 and 27.2 +/- 1.2 mg/kg/min for control and high plasma FFA group, respectively, at 15 min to 30.7 +/- 2.3 and 17.7 +/- 1.3 mg/kg/min, respectively, at the end of the experiment, p < 0.002). Glycogen synthesis rates were 163 +/- 32 and 104 +/- 17 nmol/g/min, and glycolytic rates were 57.9 +/- 8.0 and 19. 5 +/- 3.6 nmol/g/min (p < 0.002) in the control and high plasma FFA groups, respectively. The relative flux of pyruvate versus free fatty acids and ketones entering the tricarboxylic acid cycle was greater in the control (57 +/- 9%) versus high plasma FFA group (25 +/- 4%) (p < 0.005) as assessed by [4-13C]glutamate/[3-13C]lactate steady state isotopic enrichment measurements. Finally, Glu-6-P concentrations increased by 29.8 +/- 7.0 and 52.8 +/- 12.3% (p < 0. 05) in the control and high plasma FFA groups, respectively, above their basal concentrations by 180 min. In conclusion, we have demonstrated the ability to use in vivo NMR to elucidate the metabolic fate of glucose within skeletal muscle of an awake rat during a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp and increased levels of plasma FFA. These data suggest that increased concentrations of plasma FFA inhibit insulin-stimulated muscle glucose metabolism in the rat through inhibition of glycolysis.
Regulation of beta-cell glucose transporter gene expression. (1990)

It has been postulated that a glucose transporter of beta cells (GLUT-2) may be important in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. To determine whether this transporter is constitutively expressed or regulated, we subjected conscious unrestrained Wistar rats to perturbations in glucose homeostasis and quantitated beta-cell GLUT-2 mRNA by in situ hybridization. After 3 hr of hypoglycemia (glucose at 29 +/- 5 mg/dl), GLUT-2 and proinsulin mRNA signal densities were reduced by 25% of the level in control rats. After 4 days (blood glucose at 57 +/- 7 mg/dl vs. 120 +/- 10 mg/dl in saline-infused control rats), GLUT-2 and proinsulin mRNA densities were reduced by 85% and 65%, respectively (P = 0.001). After 12 days (glucose at 54 +/- 8 mg/dl), GLUT-2 mRNA signal density was undetectable whereas proinsulin mRNA was reduced by 51%. After 12 days of hypoglycemia, the Km for 3-O-methyl-D-glucose transport in isolated rat islets, normally 18-20 mM, was 2.5 mM. This provides functional evidence of a profound reduction of high Km glucose transporter in beta cells. In contrast, GLUT-2 was only slightly reduced by hypoglycemia in liver. To determine the effect of prolonged hyperglycemia, we also infused animals with 50% (wt/vol) glucose for 5 days (glucose at 200 +/- 50 mg/dl). Hyperglycemic clamping increased GLUT-2 mRNA by 46% (P = 0.001) whereas proinsulin mRNA doubled (P = 0.001). We conclude that GLUT-2 expression in beta cells, but not liver, is subject to regulation by certain perturbations in blood glucose homeostasis.
Ganglioside composition of growth cone-deficient nerve cell cultures. (1987)

The ganglioside concentration and composition in growth cone-deficient nerve cells, induced by inclusion of cytochalasin B (CB) are compared with those of 2-day-old control cells from primary cultures of embryonic rat cerebral cortex. Ganglioside GM1 and GD1a are the major gangliosides in the growth cone. Ganglioside GM1 may be one of the membrane components of growth cones that function in neural recognition during development.
Characterization of the β-lactam binding site of penicillin acylase of Escherichia coli by structural and site-directed mutagenesis studies (2000)

The binding of penicillin to penicillin acylase was studied by X-ray crystallography. The structure of the enzyme-substrate complex was determined after soaking crystals of an inactive betaN241A penicillin acylase mutant with penicillin G. Binding of the substrate induces a conformational change, in which the side chains of alphaF146 and alphaR145 move away from the active site, which allows the enzyme to accommodate penicillin G. In the resulting structure, the beta-lactam binding site is formed by the side chains of alphaF146 and betaF71, which have van der Waals interactions with the thiazolidine ring of penicillin G and the side chain of alphaR145 that is connected to the carboxylate group of the ligand by means of hydrogen bonding via two water molecules. The backbone oxygen of betaQ23 forms a hydrogen bond with the carbonyl oxygen of the phenylacetic acid moiety through a bridging water molecule. Kinetic studies revealed that the site-directed mutants alphaF146Y, alphaF146A and alphaF146L all show significant changes in their interaction with the beta-lactam substrates as compared with the wild type. The alphaF146Y mutant had the same affinity for 6-aminopenicillanic acid as the wild-type enzyme, but was not able to synthesize penicillin G from phenylacetamide and 6-aminopenicillanic acid. The alphaF146L and alphaF146A enzymes had a 3-5-fold decreased affinity for 6-aminopenicillanic acid, but synthesized penicillin G more efficiently than the wild type. The combined results of the structural and kinetic studies show the importance of alphaF146 in the beta-lactam binding site and provide leads for engineering mutants with improved synthetic properties.
Enzymatic Characterization of 5-Methylthioribose 1-Phosphate Isomerase from<i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (2007)

The product of the mtnA gene of Bacillus subtilis catalyzes the isomerization of 5-methylthioribose 1-phosphate (MTR-1-P) to 5-methylthioribulose 1-phosphate (MTRu-1-P). The catalysis of MtnA is a novel isomerization of an aldose phosphate harboring a phosphate group on the hemiacetal group. This enzyme is distributed widely among bacteria through higher eukaryotes. The isomerase reaction analyzed using the recombinant B. subtilis enzyme showed a Michaelis constant for MTR-1-P of 138 microM, and showed that the maximum velocity of the reaction was 20.4 micromol min(-1) (mg protein)(-1). The optimum reaction temperature and reaction pH were 35 degrees C and 8.1. The activation energy of the reaction was calculated to be 68.7 kJ mol(-1). The enzyme, with a molecular mass of 76 kDa, was composed of two subunits. The equilibrium constant in the reversible isomerase reaction [MTRu-1-P]/[MTR-1-P] was 6. We discuss the possible reaction mechanism.
DEFUSE: a deterministic functional self-test methodology for processors (2002)

At-speed testing is becoming increasingly difficult with external testers as the speed of microprocessors approaches the GHz range. One solution to this problem is built-in self-test. However, due to their reliance on random patterns, current logic BIST techniques are not able to deal with large designs without adding high test overhead. In this paper, we propose a functional self-test technique that is deterministic in nature. By targeting the structural test need of manageable components with the aid of processor functionality, this technique has the fault coverage advantage of deterministic structural testing and the at-speed advantage of functional testing. Most importantly, by relieving testers from test application, it enables at-speed testing of GHz processors with low speed testers. We have demonstrated our methodology on a simple accumulator-based microprocessor. The results show that with the proposed technique, we are able to apply high-quality at-speed tests with no test overhead.
Molecular Mechanism of the N501Y Mutation for Enhanced Binding between SARS-CoV-2’s Spike Protein and Human ACE2 Receptor (2021)

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been an ongoing global pandemic for over a year. Recently, an emergent SARS-CoV-2 variant (B.1.1.7) with an unusually large number of mutations had become highly contagious and wide-spreading in United Kingdom. From genome analysis, the N501Y mutation within the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2’s spike protein might have enhanced the viral protein’s binding with the human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2). The latter is the prelude for the virus’ entry into host cells. So far, the molecular mechanism of this enhanced binding is still elusive, which prevents us from assessing its effects on existing therapeutic antibodies. Using all atom molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrated that Y501 in mutated RBD can be well coordinated by Y41 and K353 in hACE2 through hydrophobic interactions, increasing the overall binding affinity between RBD and hACE2 by about 0.81 kcal/mol. We further explored how the N501Y mutation might affect the binding between a neutralizing antibody (CB6) and RBD. We expect that our work can help researchers design proper measures responding to this urgent virus mutation, such as adding a modified/new neutralizing antibody specifically targeting at this variant in the therapeutic antibody cocktail. Abstract Figure
Endogenous toxins and mycotoxins in forage grasses and their effects on livestock (1995)

Plant toxins are the chemical defenses of plants against herbivory. Grasses have relatively few intrinsic toxins, relying more on growth habit to survive defoliation and endophytic fungal toxins as chemical defenses. Forage grasses that contain intrinsic toxins include Phalaris spp. (tryptamine and carboline alkaloids), sorghums (cyanogenic glycosides), and tropical grasses containing oxalates and saponins. Toxic effects of these grasses include neurological damage (Phalaris staggers), hypoxia (sudangrass), saponin-induced photosensitization (Brachiaria and Panicum spp.), and bone demineralization (oxalate-containing grasses). Endophytic toxins in grasses include ergot alkaloids in tall fescue and tremorgens (e.g., lolitrem B) in perennial ryegrass. Lolitrems cause neurological effects, producing the ryegrass staggers syndrome. Annual ryegrass toxicosis is caused by corynetoxins, which are chemically similar to tunicamycin antibiotics. Corynetoxins are produced by Clavibacter bacteria that parasitize a nematode, Anguina agrostis, that may infect annual ryegrass. Corynetoxins inhibit glycoprotein synthesis, causing defective formation of various blood components of the reticulo-endothelial system. Another mycotoxin in ryegrass is sporidesmin, which causes liver damage and secondary photosensitization (facial eczema). Fusarium toxins such as zearalenone and trichothecenes also occur in forage grasses. Kikuyugrass poisoning results in severe damage to the ruminal epithelium and omasal mucosa, and neurological signs. The causative agent, which may be associated with army worm predation of the grass, has not been identified. The properties and significance of these toxins are reviewed.
[Effects of mouse NIH3T3 cells transfected with VEGF gene on neovascularization of ischemic flaps]. (2007)

VEGF-transfected NIH3T3 cells can improve ischemic flap neovascularization and extend survival areas.
Rotating flying disks and formation of trailing vortices (2000)

An experimental investigation on the flow past a flying disk is carried out in a low-speed wind tunnel. Using flow visualization techniques supplemented by Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), detailed flow characteristics depicting the trailing vortices, boundary layer separation and wake structure are obtained. Effects of disk rotation on the boundary layer transition and separation are studied. Results indicate that the effect of rotation on the vortex strength becomes negligible at high angles of attack. At low lifting conditions of the present configuration, the rotation suppresses the boundary layer separation near the trailing edge and increases the downwash. In the intermediate angles, however, the leading edge separation bubble is affected by the rotation. The flow transition over the advancing surface is also noted. General flow physics described herein is expected to hold for other similar configurations.
High Energy Underwater Shock Wave Treatment on Implanted Urinary Bladder Cancer in Rabbits (1991)

The effects of focused high energy shock waves (SW) on the implanted urinary bladder cancer in rabbits were examined. The bladder cancer was exposed to 2000 to 8000 shots of focused SW under ultrasound guidance. Although only focal necrosis of the tumor was seen in the one day SW exposure, wider and deeper tumor necrosis was observed in the tumors following serial SW (2000 to 6000 shots, for two to three days). Eight to 10 day serial SW exposure (6000 to 8000 shots) decreased the tumor growth in comparison with that of the control. Lung metastases examined by periodic chest X-ray after SW treatment revealed that SW did not promote lung metastases. Pathological findings were also in accord with the X-ray examinations. Polyclonal antibody type 4 collagen was used for immunohistochemical staining of vascular wall in bladder cancer. Vascular wall destruction, not found in spontaneous necrotic tumor, were clearly visible in SW induced necrotic area. SW induces vascular damage in the tumor, which may be the primary cause promoting the tumor necrosis.
Glycyl‐<scp>L</scp>‐lysyl‐glycyl‐α‐<scp>L</scp>‐glutamyl‐glycin (1960)

Abstract Das Pentapeptid Glycyl‐ L ‐lysyl‐glycyl‐α‐ L ‐glutamyl‐glycin sowie dessen N a ‐Acetyl‐ C ω ‐methylamid‐Derivat wurden nach der Azid‐ und der Anhydridmethode synthetisiert.
Hochtemperatur‐Brennstoffzellen mit keramischem Elektrolyten zum Umsatz billiger Brennstoffe. Teil I: Herstellung und derzeitiger Entwicklungsstand von Einzelzellen und kleinen Batterien (1971)

Abstract Es wird ein Überblick über den Entwicklungsstand der Hochtemperatur‐Brennstoffzellen (HTBZ) in Deutschland gegeben. Dieser Zellentyp eignet sich infolge der erhöhten Betriebstemperatur zur direkten Verwendung billiger Kohlenwasserstoffe. Der erste Teil behandelt die Präparation und das Verhalten der Einzelkomponenten wie Festelektrolyt und Elektroden. Die gegenwärtig erzielte Leistung von Einzelzellen sowie das Verhalten während 10 4 h wird angegeben. Die Verbindung von Einzelzellen zu Moduln und ihr elektrochemisches Verhalten wird beschrieben. In einem später folgenden zweiten Teil werden Aufbau und Wirtschaftlichkeit von HTBZ‐Aggregaten sowie deren Anwendungsmöglichkeiten behandelt.
Peripheral Blood from Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1‐Infected Patients Displays Diminished T Cell Generation Capacity (1997)

An organ culture chimera system was used to assess the effect of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection on the T cell-generation capacity of precursors derived from human peripheral blood. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-1-infected patients and uninfected controls were placed on fetal thymus lobes of NOD/LtSz-scid/scid mice. Blood from the HIV-1-infected patients consistently produced fewer CD4 and CD8 cells compared with blood from controls (P < .01). Addition of zidovudine to the cultures did not alter this profile. Limit dilution experiments suggested that there were fewer functional precursors in the infected patients. These results were not dependent on the patient's level of peripheral CD4 cells; even samples from patients with normal CD4 cell counts were unable to generate T cells in organ cultures. The results are consistent with a loss in the capacity of HIV-1-infected patients to produce functional T cell progenitors in their peripheral blood.
BitVault (2007)

This paper summarizes our experience designing and implementing BitVault: a content-addressable retention platform for large volumes of reference data -- seldom-changing information that needs to be retained for a long time. BitVault uses "smart bricks" as the building block to lower the hardware cost. The challenges are to keep management costs low in a system that scales from one brick to tens of thousands, to ensure reliability, and to deliver a simple design. Our design incorporates peer-to-peer (P2P) technologies for self-managing and self-healing and uses massively parallel repair to reduce system vulnerability to data loss. The simplicity of the architecture relies on an eventually reliable membership service provided by a perfect one-hop distributed hash table (DHT). Its object-driven repair model yields last-replica recall guarantee independent of the failure scenario. So long as the last copy of a data object remains in the system, that data can be retrieved and its replication degree can be restored. A prototype has been implemented. Theoretical analysis, simulations and experiments have been conducted to validate the design of BitVault.