gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-I Levels Are Strongly Associated with Insulin Sensitivity and Obesity in Early Pubertal Children<sup>1</sup> (1998)

In conditions associated with insulin resistance, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-I (IGFBP-I) levels have been shown to correlate inversely with insulin levels. Puberty is associated with insulin resistance and thus provides a model for comparing the relationship of IGFBP-I to both insulin levels and measures of insulin sensitivity. Our study population consisted of 104 healthy pubertal children, age 9.8-14.6 yr. Each subject had his/her insulin sensitivity (Si) assessed by the modified minimal model of Bergman, which employs a frequently sampled i.v. glucose tolerance test. Results showed that IGFBP-I levels were significantly higher in boys than in pubertally matched girls (P < 0.01). There was a strong positive correlation between IGFBP-I levels and Si (r = 0.65, P < 0.0001) and a weaker negative correlation with fasting insulin levels (r = -0.38, P < 0.0001). An inverse relationship was also found between IGFBP-I levels and body mass index (r = -0.46, P < 0.0001) and with IGF-I levels (girls only, r = -0.41, P < 0.003). Consequently, insulin sensitivity, obesity, and IGF-I are important predictors of IGFBP-I levels in pubertal children. It is possible that insulin-mediated suppression of IGFBP-I in obese children may increase free IGF-I levels and thus contribute to somatic growth. The same mechanism may operate in pubertal children, where insulin resistance and growth acceleration occur simultaneously.
Effects of an Introduced Bacterium on Bacterial Communities on Roots (1993)

The objective of this work was to determine whether introduction of a bacterium altered microbial communities associated with roots. We conducted experiments in the field and in a growth chamber to determine whether coating soybean seeds with marked strains derived from the biological control agent Bacillus cereus UW85 affected the bacterial community in the rhizosphere of soybeans. We characterized 2651 individual isolates of bacteria from root—free soil and from soybean seedlings based on 43—50 physiological attributes. Discriminant analysis of the bacterial communities according to these attributes showed that the communities of rhizosphere bacteria that developed on non—treated plants and on plants grown from seeds coated with a single strain of bacteria were sometimes dramatically different. This occurred even when the introduced strain did not persist as a common member of the community. In two of four experiments we could as easily differentiate between bacterial communities on roots of UW85—treated and non—treated seedlings as between the communities in the rhizosphere and root—free soil. In the other two experiments we could differentiate only between communities in root—free soil and on roots. In the comparison of bacteria from root—free soil and from the soybean rhizosphere, we found that bacteria from root—free were more likely to degrade complex carbon sources than were rhizosphere bacteria, whereas bacteria from roots were resistant to more antimicrobial substances and were able to grow on a wider range of simple carbon sources than were bacteria isolated from root—free soil.
Data-Driven Approaches to Empirical Discovery (1988)

Abstract : In the last decade a few artificial intelligence researchers have turned their attention to a domain often considered the realm of genius - scientific discovery. The vast majority of this work has focused on empirical discovery, and much of the effort has been concerned with the discovery of numeric laws. This paper traces one evolutionary chain of research on discovery in particular the development of data-driven heuristic methods relating to numeric discovery. The authors examine four systems - Gerwin's function induction system, Langley, Bradshaw, and Simon's BACON, Zytkow's FAHRENHEIT, and Nordhausen and Langley's IDS - and describe how each program introduces abilities lacking in earlier systems. The conceptual advances involve three different but interrelated aspects of discovery: the form of laws and theoretical terms discovered; the ability to determine the scope and context of laws; and the ability to design experiments. This document evaluates each of the systems, but focuses on their theoretical contributions rather than on reporting their behavior in specific domains. It closes the paper by reviewing the work on machine discovery from the views of the history and philosophy of science. (KR)
A novel SVPWM Overmodulation technique based on voltage correcting function (2012)

This paper presents a new Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) strategy for voltage regulation of a Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) enabling the continuous transition from the linear modulation to the six-step mode. Overmodulation operation is based on a correcting function method modifying properly the amplitude and the phase angle of the VSI output voltage. The evaluation of the method is explored via frequency analysis of the inverter voltage and motor currents in order to be able to evaluate the possible impact of the drive system. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed SVPWM Overmodulation algorithm applied on sensorless speed control of a salient-pole Synchronous Machine (SM) via Matlab/Simulink utility.
Characterization of drug‐induced transcriptional modules: towards drug repositioning and functional understanding (2013)

In pharmacology, it is crucial to understand the complex biological responses that drugs elicit in the human organism and how well they can be inferred from model organisms. We therefore identified a large set of drug-induced transcriptional modules from genome-wide microarray data of drug-treated human cell lines and rat liver, and first characterized their conservation. Over 70% of these modules were common for multiple cell lines and 15% were conserved between the human in vitro and the rat in vivo system. We then illustrate the utility of conserved and cell-type-specific drug-induced modules by predicting and experimentally validating (i) gene functions, e.g., 10 novel regulators of cellular cholesterol homeostasis and (ii) new mechanisms of action for existing drugs, thereby providing a starting point for drug repositioning, e.g., novel cell cycle inhibitors and new modulators of α-adrenergic receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and estrogen receptor. Taken together, the identified modules reveal the conservation of transcriptional responses towards drugs across cell types and organisms, and improve our understanding of both the molecular basis of drug action and human biology.
Characteristics of the laser diode with partially intermixed GaAs/AlGaAs Quantum Well (2005)

In partially intermixed quantum well laser diode whose shift of bandgap energy is 47.8meV, the threshold current increses only 30% from non-intermixed one and good reliability is confirmed by aging test of 2000 hours at the temperature of 45°C.
Polyurethane Foam/Spheroid Culture System Using Human Hepatoblastoma Cell Line (Hep G2) as a Possible New Hybrid Artificial Liver (2001)

The risk of xenozoonosis infections poses the greatest obstacle against the clinical application of hybrid artificial liver support system (HALSS). Primary human hepatocytes are an ideal source for HALSS, but the shortage of human livers available for hepatocyte isolation limits this modality. To resolve this issue, we used human hepatocytes with replication capacity (fetal hepatocytes, Hep G2, and Huh 7) in a polyurethane foam (PUF)/spheroid culture system in vitro, and analyzed liver functions such as ammonia removal and albumin synthesis capacity; results were compared to those of porcine hepatocytes. Human fetal hepatocytes, Hep G2, and Huh 7 formed spheroids spontaneously within 24 h in a PUF/spheroid culture system; ammonia removal activity (micromol/10(6) nuclei/h) was upregulated, as was albumin synthesis activity (microg/10(6) nuclei/day). In particular, Hep G2 spheroids demonstrated high ammonia removal and albumin synthesis activities: 85% of the ammonia removal activity and 171.7% of the albumin synthesis activity of porcine hepatocytes in the monolayer culture. These results indicate the possibility of the development of a multicapillary PUF (MC-PUF) packed-bed culture system of hepatocyte spheroids as a HALSS using Hep G2.
The use of Histoacryl for episiotomy repair (1991)

Histoacryl-tissue adhesive (B. Braun Melsungen AG W. Germany) was used in place of skin sutures (2/0 chromic catgut, Ethicon Ltd, Edinburgh, Scotland) for episiotomy repair in a group of 20 women. This group was compared with two groups of women undergoing first and repeat episiotomy. Variables analysed included pain in the episiotomy site, pain while walking, sitting, sleeping, lying down, breast-feeding, micturating and defaecating. The Histoacryl group was superior with regard to all the variables. This simple, new method can reduce pain and inconvenience for patients, especially following the first delivery.
Building your business advisory practice - practice management tips for SMPS : practice management (2014)

In the future, SMPs may no longer be able to rely solely on traditional accountancy-based services as their main source of revenue and growth as demand for these services declines. In many countries, fewer small- and medium-sized entities (SMEs), the typical clients of SMPs, are being audited, as thresholds are introduced or increased and governments move toward self-assessment of tax to reduce compliance costs for SMEs. In addition, technology is commoditising many of the day-to-day compliance services traditionally supplied by SMPs, reducing the need for a professional accountant and driving down fees.
Controlled phage therapy by photothermal ablation of specific bacterial species using gold nanorods targeted by chimeric phages (2020)

The use of bacteriophages (phages) for antibacterial therapy is under increasing consideration to treat antimicrobial-resistant infections. Phages have evolved multiple mechanisms to target their bacterial hosts, such as high-affinity, environmentally hardy receptor-binding proteins. However, traditional phage therapy suffers from multiple challenges stemming from the use of an exponentially replicating, evolving entity whose biology is not fully characterized (e.g., potential gene transduction). To address this problem, we conjugate the phages to gold nanorods, creating a reagent that can be destroyed upon use (termed "phanorods"). Chimeric phages were engineered to attach specifically to several Gram-negative organisms, including the human pathogens <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Vibrio cholerae</i>, and the plant pathogen <i>Xanthomonas campestris</i> The bioconjugated phanorods could selectively target and kill specific bacterial cells using photothermal ablation. Following excitation by near-infrared light, gold nanorods release energy through nonradiative decay pathways, locally generating heat that efficiently kills targeted bacterial cells. Specificity was highlighted in the context of a <i>P. aeruginosa</i> biofilm, in which phanorod irradiation killed bacterial cells while causing minimal damage to epithelial cells. Local temperature and viscosity measurements revealed highly localized and selective ablation of the bacteria. Irradiation of the phanorods also destroyed the phages, preventing replication and reducing potential risks of traditional phage therapy while enabling control over dosing. The phanorod strategy integrates the highly evolved targeting strategies of phages with the photothermal properties of gold nanorods, creating a well-controlled platform for systematic killing of bacterial cells.
Vitiligo (2009)

A healthy 25-year-old brunette woman reports a 12-month history of skin depigmentation. She first noticed patches of skin whitening on her hips, followed by additional depigmented patches on her elbows, shins, upper eyelids, and lower chin. A dermatologist recently made a diagnosis of vitiligo and recommended a sunscreen but offered little hope for treatment. How should she be evaluated and treated?
Maladaptive Homeostatic Plasticity in a Rodent Model of Central Pain Syndrome: Thalamic Hyperexcitability after Spinothalamic Tract Lesions (2008)

Central pain syndrome (CPS) is defined as pain associated with a lesion of the CNS and is a common consequence of spinal cord injuries. We generated a rodent model of CPS by making unilateral electrolytic or demyelinating lesions centered on the spinothalamic tract in rats. Thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia occurred in both hind paws and forepaws by 7 d postlesion and were maintained >31 d. Field potentials in the ventral posterior lateral nucleus (VPL) in thalamic brain slices from lesioned animals displayed an increased probability of burst responses. Ethosuximide, a T-type calcium channel blocker, eliminated busting in lesioned thalamic slices and attenuated lesion-induced hyperalgesia and allodynia. We conclude that CPS in this model results from an increase in the excitability of thalamic nuclei that have lost normal ascending inputs as the result of a spinal cord injury and suggest that ethosuximide will relieve human CPS by restoring normal thalamic excitability.
Synthesis of the branched nine-carbon unit of the type A streptogramins and other antibiotics (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of the branched nine-carbon unit of the type A streptogramins and other antibioticsFranciszek Kazmierczak and Paul HelquistCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 16, 3988–3992Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00277a047https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00277a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views594Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electrical modeling of compound semiconductor interface for FET device assessment (1980)

A unified model for GaAs and InP metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) systems is presented. It involves particular types of U-shaped distributions of interface states, localized and nonlocalized states, and tunneling processes. Detailed experimental data including the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C-V</tex> data, frequency dependence of MIS admittance, photocapacitance transient spectroscopy, and deep-level transient spectroscopy, support the model. Formation of a disordered nonstoichiometric semiconductor region is suggested to be the most probable mechanism for the anomalous distributions of interface states. Effects of interface states on microwave MISFET's, and implications of the model for logic applications are briefly discussed.
Combined/Composite Model Reference Adaptive Control (2009)

This technical note introduces a provably stable state-feedback design modification for combined/composite adaptive control of multi-input multi-output dynamical systems with matched uncertainties. The proposed design methodology is applied to control longitudinal dynamics of an aerial vehicle.
Electrophysiological Breakthroughs From the Left Atrium to the Pulmonary Veins (2000)

Although PV muscle covers a large extent of the PV perimeter, there are specific breakthroughs from the left atrium that allow ostial PV disconnection by use of partial perimetric ablation.
Giant Seebeck coefficient of the graphene/h-BN superlattices (2013)

The electronic structures and Seebeck coefficients of the graphene/h-BN superlattices which consist of zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNRs) and zigzag BN nanoribbons (ZBNNRs) have been investigated using ab initio calculations based on the density functional theory. It has been shown that a ZGNR/ZBNNR marks up to 20 times larger in the Seebeck coefficient than graphene. The Seebeck coefficients of the superlattices increase with decreasing width of the constituent ZGNR. It has been revealed that the giant Seebeck coefficients of the superlattices stem from the so-called pudding mold band with a finite energy gap.
Identification of a <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> Serotype III Subtype 4 Clone in Association with Adult Invasive Disease in Hong Kong (2006)

Characterization of Streptococcus agalactiae serotype III isolates revealed a subtype 4 clone that has an indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern and possesses a C-alpha protein, IS1381, and a novel sequence type (ST), ST 283, by multilocus sequence tagging. This clone was significantly associated with diseases caused by invasive strains from nonpregnant adults (P <or= 0.01, chi-square test) and was not present in the genital tracts of pregnant mothers.
Communication-Optimal Convolutional Neural Nets (2018)

Efficiently executing convolutional neural nets (CNNs) is important in many machine-learning tasks. Since the cost of moving a word of data, either between levels of a memory hierarchy or between processors over a network, is much higher than the cost of an arithmetic operation, minimizing data movement is critical to performance optimization. In this paper, we present both new lower bounds on data movement needed for CNNs, and optimal sequential algorithms that attain these lower bounds. In most common cases, our optimal algorithms can attain significantly more data reuse than matrix multiplication.
Randomized signal processing (1992)

Providing comprehensive coverage of signal processing randomization techniques, this book reveals how these methods open up new possibilities in the field, and considerably widen the application areas of digital signal processing. Gives new insight into traditional DSP theory.
Small nonspecialized farming as a protective factor against immediate‐type occupational respiratory allergy? (2004)

Cereal farming and hypersensitivity to cereals plays the significant role in the development of occupational asthma among Polish farmers. It also seems that working on small farms may protect farmers against work-related respiratory symptoms that are mostly because of allergy.
[Some issues in population projections (author's transl)]. (1979)

The problem, especially the methodology, of population projections is reviewed. Methods used for population projections are: 1) mathematical methods (e.g. use the formula to project future populations); 2) component methods, usually Cohort-component method is used, (Cohort-fertility rate is one of the examples); and 3) simulation methods, include macrosimulation (deterministic macrosimulation and stochastic macrosimulation) and microsimulation (stochastic microsimulation). Recent demographic theories are also discussed. Ronald Lee, for instance, applied Easterlin hypothesis related to "waves of population" to American population and discussed the economic factors. Application of Easterlin hypothesis and simulation model to Japanese demographic projection is also discussed. The most important conclusions related to Japanese population projection are: 1) Easterlin hypothesis should be applied; and 2) precise microsimulation (like United Nations Models) should be made.
Evaluating Item-Item Similarity Algorithms for Movies (2016)

Recommender systems such as those used in e-commerce or Video-On-Demand systems generally show users a list of "similar items." Many algorithms exist to calculate item-item similarity and we wished to evaluate how users perceive these numerically expressed similarity. In our experiment, we performed a user study with four similarity algorithms to evaluate perceived correctness in item-item similarity as it relates to movies. We implemented three algorithms: collaborative filtering with Pearson, collaborative filtering with cosine, and content-filtering with TF-IDF. A pre-generated similarity list from TheMovieDB.org (TMDb) was used as the baseline. Our experiment showed that TMDb has the highest perceived similarity, followed by cosine and TF-IDF, while Pearson was practically unusable for users. A by-product of our experiment was a set of similar movie pairs, which we intend to use for offline evaluation.
Emulsion Electrospinning of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Nanofibrous Membranes for High-Performance Triboelectric Nanogenerators (2018)

Electrospinning is a simple, versatile technique for fabricating fibrous nanomaterials with the desirable features of extremely high porosities and large surface areas. Using emulsion electrospinning, polytetrafluoroethylene/polyethene oxide (PTFE/PEO) membranes were fabricated, followed by a sintering process to obtain pure PTFE fibrous membranes, which were further utilized against a polyamide 6 (PA6) membrane for vertical contact-mode triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). Electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) measurements of the sintered electrospun PTFE membranes revealed the presence of both positive and negative surface charges owing to the transfer of positive charge from PEO which was further corroborated by FTIR measurements. To enhance the ensuing triboelectric surface charge, a facile negative charge-injection process was carried out onto the electrospun (ES) PTFE subsequently. The fabricated TENG gave a stabilized peak-to-peak open-circuit voltage (V<sub>oc</sub>) of up to ∼900 V, a short-circuit current density (J<sub>sc</sub>) of ∼20 mA m<sup>-2</sup>, and a corresponding charge density of ∼149 μC m<sup>-2</sup>, which are ∼12, 14, and 11 times higher than the corresponding values prior to the ion-injection treatment. This increase in the surface charge density is caused by the inversion of positive surface charges with the simultaneous increase in the negative surface charge on the PTFE surface, which was confirmed by using EFM measurements. The negative charge injection led to an enhanced power output density of ∼9 W m<sup>-2</sup> with high stability as confirmed from the continuous operation of the ion-injected PTFE/PA6 TENG for 30 000 operation cycles, without any significant reduction in the output. The work thus introduces a relatively simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly technique for fabricating fibrous fluoropolymer polymer membranes with high thermal/chemical resistance in TENG field and a direct ion-injection method which is able to dramatically improve the surface negative charge density of the PTFE fibrous membranes.
A Fault Tolerant Integrated Circuit Memory (1980)

Most commercially produced integrated circuits are incapable of tolerating manufacturing defects. The area and function of the circuits is thus limited by the probability of faults occurring within the circuit. This thesis examines techniques for using redundancy in memory circuits to provide fault tolerance and to increase storage capacity. A hierarchical memory architecture using multiple Hamming codes is introduced and analysed to determine its resistance to manufacturing defects. The results of the analysis indicate that substantial yield improvement is possible with relatively modest increases in circuit area. Also, the architecture makes it possible to build larger memory circuits than is economically feasible without redundancy.