gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Existing and emerging mechanisms for transport of iron and manganese to the brain (1999)

The metals iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) are essential for normal functioning of the brain. This review focuses on recent developments in the literature pertaining to Fe and Mn transport. These metals are treated together because they appear to share several transport mechanisms. In addition, several neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and Huntington's Disease are all associated with Fe mismanagement in the brain, particularly in the striatum and basal ganglia. Similarly, Mn accumulation in brain also appears to target the same brain regions. Therefore, stringent regulation of the concentration of these metals in the brain is essential. The homeostatic mechanisms for these metals must be understood in order to design neurotoxicity prevention strategies.
Dissecting copper homeostasis in diabetes mellitus (2017)

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia). It can occur due to impaired secretion or action of the hormone insulin, which is produced by pancreatic beta-cells to promote the entry of glucose into the cells. It is known that hyperglycemia has an important role in the production of reactive oxygen species in all types of DM and that an imbalance of transition metal as Cu and Fe plays a pivotal role in stimulating the oxidative stress. Different levels of some transition metals, as Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn has been reported comparing diabetic animal models with the control group. An increased Cu status is also described in diabetic patients. Homeostasis of Cu depends on distinct proteins, where Cu(I)-ATPases are important transmembrane proteins for acquisition, active transport, distribution and elimination of Cu ions. In this review we first provide an overview of the literature about the relationship between diabetes and copper, the modulation of Cu(I)-ATPases activity and protein expression in DM, to next discuss the alternative treatments for diabetes using Cu chelation. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 69(4):255-262, 2017.
A text-to-speech platform for variable length optimal unit searching using perceptual cost functions. (2001)

In concatenative Text-to-Speech, the size of the speech corpus is closely related to synthetic speech quality. In this paper, we describe our work on a new corpus-based Bell Labs &apos; TTS system. This encompasseslarge acoustic inventories with a rich set of annotations, models and data structures for representing and managing such inventories, and an optimal unit selection algorithm that accommodates a broad range of possible cost criteria. We also propose a new method for setting weights in the cost functions based on a perceptual preference test. Our results show that this approach can successfully predict human preference patterns. Synthetic speech using weights determined in this manner consistently demonstrates smoother transitions and higher voice quality than speech using manually set weights. 1.
Reducing voice over WLAN call setup delay under limited access point buffer (2006)

Voice over WLAN (VoWLAN) service is regarded as one of the killer applications for public and private WLANs, but it suffers from a number of technical challenges, especially the power consumption problem. In order to conserve the energy of a VoWLAN device during idle, the power saving mode (PSM) defined in the IEEE 802.11 is widely employed. Experimental results indicate that 300ms to 1000ms listen intervals of PSM for a VoWLAN device could achieve better energy efficiencies. Unfortunately, low-end WLAN access points (APs) typically have limited memory spaces, and can buffer incoming packets for a small time window, say 100ms. For a VoWLAN device requesting long listen intervals, packets queued on the APs might be dropped or overwritten when the buffer overflows. This phenomenon introduces considerable call setup delays for session initiation protocol (SIP) that implements the exponential retransmission mechanism of lost messages. This study investigates the problem and proposes three approaches to reduce call setup delays for VoWLAN applications. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed mechanisms reduce call setup delays significantly for low-power VoWLAN devices.
Home monitoring of elderly people with 3D camera technology (2006)

We advocate the usage of 3D camera technology in the visual monitoring of elderly people in their home environment or in the nursing home. We illustrate the usage of this novel technology by proposing an extension to existing work on visual fall detection and inactivity detection.
A New Parallel Test Approach for Large Memories (1986)

Memory test times-and thus test costs-are increasing rapidly as the size of the memories grows each year. Testability techniques therefore must be developed to reduce the test time without compromising the test quality. This article presents an approach that meets this goal using parallel signature analyzers (PSAs). PSAs can access more data cells in parallel than I/O pins can, and the approach's parallelism reduces the test time. The proposed method is analyzed with respect to test time, test quality, and silicon area penalty.
Functional and clinical aspects of the myelomonocyte protein calprotectin. (1997)

Calprotectin is a calcium binding heterocomplex protein consisting of two heavy and one light chain.' 2 It belongs to the S-100 protein family and is derived predominantly from neu- trophils and monocytes.' This protein is distributed in myelomonocytic cells, epithelial cells, and keratinocytes and in various tissues and fluids in the body,' and is a putative protective protein.3 Calprotectin and its subunits appear to have regulatory functions in the inflammatory process,5 6 and various bio- on August 18, 2023 by guest.
Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Evaluation with 64-Section Multiphase CT Enterography—Initial Experience (2008)

This retrospective HIPAA-compliant study was approved by the institutional review board and institutional conflict of interest committee. Patients gave informed consent for use of medical records. The purpose of the study was to retrospectively evaluate the findings depicted at computed tomographic (CT) enterography performed with a 64-section CT system and by using neutral enteric contrast material and a three-phase acquisition in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB). Twenty-two outpatients (11 men, 11 women; age range, 37-83 years) with OGIB underwent CT enterography. Findings were compared with capsule and traditional endoscopic, surgical, and angiographic findings. CT enterographic findings were positive for a bleeding source in 10 (45%) of 22 patients. Eight of 10 positive findings at CT enterography were also positive at capsule endoscopy or subsequent clinical diagnosis. CT enterography helped correctly identify three lesions undetected at capsule endoscopy. Study results suggest that multiphase, multiplanar CT enterography may have a role in the evaluation of OGIB.
Age-related, site-specific muscle loss in 1507 Japanese men and women aged 20 to 95 years. (2011)

We investigated the relationship between age and muscle size in both the appendicular and trunk regions of 1507 Japanese men and women aged 20 to 95 years. Seven hundred twenty-two men (young [aged 20-39 years], n = 211; middle-aged [aged 40-59 years], n = 347; and old [aged 6095 years], n = 164) and 785 women (young, n = 207; middle-aged, n = 341; and old, n = 237) were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Muscle thickness (MTH) and subcutaneous fat thickness (FTH) were measured by ultrasound at 8 sites on the anterior and posterior aspects of the body. MTH was expressed in terms relative to limb length (MTH/L) or height (MTH/Ht). Percent body fat was estimated from FTH, and fat-free mass (FFM) was calculated. In men, a graded decrease in FFM was found in all age groups. In women, FFM was similar in the young and middle-aged groups, but was lower in the oldest group. Age was significantly and inversely correlated with FFM in men (r = - 0.358, p < 0.01), but not in women (r = -0.08). On the other hand, age was strongly and inversely correlated with quadriceps MTH/L (men, r = -0.529; women, r = -0.489; both p < 0.001) and abdomen MTH/Ht (men, r = -0.464; women, r = -0.446; both p < 0.001) in both men and women, while there were only weak correlations between age and other lower limb and trunk sites. Our results indicated that sarcopenia is observed as a site-specific loss of skeletal muscle mass, especially for the quadriceps and abdominal muscles, in Japanese men and women aged 20 to 95 years. Key pointsIt is not fully understood whether age-related changes in muscle size differ between the appendicular and trunk muscles and/or between muscle groups located in the anterior and posterior aspects of the body in a large population.Age-related muscle loss is observed as a site-specific, especially of the quadriceps and abdominal muscles, in Japanese men and women aged 20 to 95 years.The age-related muscle losses are not supported by the muscle activation pattern of normal daily activities evaluated by EMG activity.
A novel weighted method for layered SAW filters using slanted finger interdigital transducers (2006)

In this paper, we propose a novel weighted method to improve the inclined pass-band problem that is intrinsic to surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters with slanted finger interdigital transducers (SFITs). By the dispersive characteristics of SAW in layered piezoelectric substrates, the present method could make the inclined pass-band flatter or the bandwidth wider. We derived a coupling-of-modes model for the calculation of the frequency responses of layered SAW devices with SFITs and calculated the dispersive characteristics of an AlN/silicon layered piezoelectric substrate, such as the phase velocity and the electromechanical coupling coefficient. Then we utilized the dispersive electromechanical coupling coefficient to flatten the inclined pass-band and the dispersive phase velocity to widen the bandwidth. Two designed examples of wide-band layered SAW filters using SFITs on AlN/silicon substrates are presented to prove the validity of the proposed method: one is designed to flatten the inclination of the pass-band; the other, to widen the bandwidth. Results show that the dispersions of layered piezoelectric media are favourable for improving the performance of SFIT-based SAW filters.
Effect of developmental stage and body size on oxygen consumption of anuran larvae: A reappraisal (1982)

Abstract The rate of oxygen consumption (V̇ ) varies throughout metamorphosis in larvae of anuran amphibians. To determine whether variation in V̇ is best explained by variation in developmental stage (S), dry body mass (M), or their interaction, I measured V̇ in developmental series of four species. In all species M accounted for most (59–90%) of the variation in V̇ . Developmental stage has relatively little effect on V̇ after appropriate correction for differences in M among samples; S accounted for no more than 2% of the variation in V̇ in two genera ( Bufo , Rana ) and no more than 7% in a third ( Hymenochirus ). Late stages of metamorphosis were not examined in these larvae. In Xenopus larvae, S has little effect upon V̇ until late stages of metamorphosis, in which some but not all larvae had reduced V̇ . The general relationship between V̇ and M in anuran larvae at 25°C is V̇ = 3.1 M 0.827 , where V̇ is in μl O 2 STPD ·hr −1 and M is in mg. Because the exponent of M, 0.827, is less than 1.0, expression of V̇ as V̇ ·M −1 fails to correct for differences in M in statistical analyses. Most prior studies of larval V̇ require reevaluation because of statistical and methodological problems.
Intercomparison of real-time tailpipe ammonia measurements from vehicles tested over the new world-harmonized light-duty vehicle test cycle (WLTC) (2015)

Four light-duty vehicles (two diesel, one flex-fuel, and one gasoline vehicle) were tested as part of an intercomparison exercise of the world-harmonized light-duty vehicle test procedure (WLTP) aiming at measuring real-time ammonia emissions from the vehicles' raw exhaust at the tailpipe. The tests were conducted in the Vehicle Emission Laboratory (VELA) at the European Commission Joint Research Centre (EC-JRC), Ispra, Italy. HORIBA, CGS, and the Sustainable Transport Unit of the Joint Research Centre (JRC) took part in the measurement and analysis of the four vehicles' exhaust emissions over the world-harmonized light-duty vehicle test cycle class 3, version 5.3 using a HORIBA MEXA 1400 QL-NX, a CGS BLAQ-Sys, and the JRC Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, respectively. The measured ammonia concentrations and the emission profiles revealed that these three instruments are suitable to measure ammonia from the vehicles' raw exhaust, presenting no significant differences. Furthermore, results showed that measurement of ammonia from the vehicle exhaust using online systems can be performed guaranteeing the reproducibility and repeatability of the results. While no ammonia was detected for any of the two diesel vehicles (even though, one was equipped with a selective catalytic reduction system), we report average ammonia emission factors 8-10 mg/km (average concentrations 20-23 ppm) and 10-12 mg/km (average concentrations 22-24 ppm) for the flex-fuel and gasoline vehicles, respectively.
AN INTERLEUKIN-2-IgG-Fas LIGAND FUSION PROTEIN SUPPRESSES DELAYED-TYPE HYPERSENSITIVITY IN MICE BY TRIGGERING APOPTOSIS IN ACTIVATED T CELLS AS A NOVEL STRATEGY FOR IMMUNOSUPPRESSION1 (2000)

The abrogation of a standard T cell-dependent immune response in vivo demonstrates that IL-2-IgG-FasL can be successfully exploited to trigger the death of deleterious T cells, presenting a potentially useful strategy in the management of autoimmune diseases and allotransplant rejections.
<title>Using morphology and associative memories to associate salt-and-pepper noise with OCR error rates in document images</title> (1992)

For each scanned text image, we generate the morphological pattern spectrum which captures image object shape and size information. We use the spectrum to characterize the noise content of a text document image by considering only the region of the spectrum near the origin. Noise is known to affect many image processing operations and we chose to consider optical character recognition (OCR) in this experiment. We associate noise that is characterized by a partial pattern spectrum with OCR performance as measured by an error rate by using a linear distributed associative memory (DAM). The DAM is trained to recognize the spectra of three classes of images: with high, medium, and low OCR error rates. The DAM is not forced to make a classification every time. It is allowed to reject as unknown a spectrum presented that does not closely resemble any that has been stored in the DAM. The DAM was fairly accurate with noisy images but conservative (i.e., rejected several text images as unknowns) when there was little noise.
Potential Selection System for Mutants with Increased Lysine, Threonine, and Methionine in Cereal Crops<sup>1</sup> (1974)

Simultaneous addition of lysine and threonine inhibits growth in maize ( Zea mays L.) callus cultures and embryo cultures from several cereals. Methionine or homoserine reverses lysine‐threonine inhibition. Isolation of feedback inhibition resistance mutants is proposed for several cereals by selecting callus or seedlings which grow in the presence of lysine‐threonine. Resulting mutants may be overproducers of lysine, threonine, or methionine.
The response of skin from rabbits immune to the Shope virus after in vitro infection and transplantation to normal animals. (1955)

Summary Experiments were carried out to compare the response to reinfection with the Shope papilloma virus of skin growing in situ in immune rabbits with that of skin from the same rabbits growing in normal, nonimmune animals. It was found that skin removed from immune rabbits was susceptible to in vitro infection and reacted with typical papilloma formation when transplanted to normal animals.
The Moral Character of Cryptographic Work (2016)

Cryptography rearranges power: it configures who can do what, from what. This makes cryptography an inherently political tool, and it confers on the field an intrinsically moral dimension. The Snowden revelations motivate a reassessment of the political and moral positioning of cryptography. They lead one to ask if our inability to effectively address mass surveillance constitutes a failure of our field. I believe that it does. I call for a community-wide effort to develop more effective means to resist mass surveillance. I plead for a reinvention of our disciplinary culture to attend not only to puzzles and math, but, also, to the societal implications of our work.
Verbreding Europees natuurbeleid (2002)

Een EU natuurbeleid heeft voordelen, maar houdt ook risico's in. Dit doordat het sectoraal, centralistisch en juridisch gericht is. De risico's kunnen worden verminderd door een verbreding van het EU natuurbeleid
Conservation of L and 3C proteinase activities across distantly related aphthoviruses (2002)

The foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) leader (L) proteinase is an important virulence determinant in FMDV infections. It possesses two distinct catalytic activities: (i) C-terminal processing at the L/VP4 junction; and (ii) induction of the cleavage of translation initiation factor eIF4G, an event that inhibits cap-dependent translation in infected cells. The only other member of the Aphthovirus genus, equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV), also encodes an L protein, but this shares only 32% amino acid identity with its FMDV counterpart. Another more distantly related picornavirus, equine rhinitis B virus (ERBV), which is not classified as an aphthovirus, also encodes an L protein. Using in vitro transcription and translation analysis, we have shown that both ERAV and ERBV L proteins have C-terminal processing activity. Furthermore, expression of ERAV L, but not ERBV L, in BHK-21 cells resulted in the efficient inhibition of cap-dependent translation in these cells. We have shown that the ERAV and FMDV L proteinases induce cleavage of eIF4GI at very similar or identical positions. Interestingly, ERAV 3C also induces eIF4GI cleavage and again produces distinct products that co-migrate with those induced by FMDV 3C. The ERBV L proteinase does not induce eIF4GI cleavage, consistent with its inability to shut down cap-dependent translation. We have also shown that another unique feature of FMDV L, the stimulation of enterovirus internal ribosome entry site (IRES) activity, is also shared by the ERAV L proteinase but not by ERBV L. The functional conservation of the divergent ERAV and FMDV proteinases indicates the likelihood of a similar and important role for these enzymes in the pathogenesis of infections caused by these distantly related aphthoviruses.
Voltage controlled ferroelectric lens phased arrays (2002)

Phased array antennas can steer transmitted and received signals without mechanically rotating the antenna. Each radiating element of a phased array is normally connected to a phase shifter, which determines the phase of the signal at each element to form a beam at the desired angle. The most commonly used phase shifters are ferrite and diode phase shifters. Phase shifters using ferroelectric materials have been proposed previously. A typical phased array may have several thousand elements and is very expensive. Therefore, reducing the cost and complexity of the phase shifters and the phase shifter controls is an important consideration in the design of phased arrays. The phased array described uniquely incorporates bulk phase shifting, the array does not contain individual phase shifting, using a ferroelectric material along with simpler phase shift control. Bulk phase shifting using diodes has been proposed and developed in the Radant lens. The lens described uses a voltage controlled ferroelectric, which introduces an analog phase shift rather than a digital phase shift as in the Radant lens. The ferroelectric lens has further advantages of smaller lens thickness, higher power handling, simpler beam steering controls, and it uses less power to control the phase shift compared to the Radant lens. Thus, it can potentially lead to low cost phased arrays.
Design of oligonucleotides for microarrays and perspectives for design of multi-transcriptome arrays (2003)

Optimal design of oligonucleotides for microarrays involves tedious and laborious work evaluating potential oligonucleotides relative to a series of parameters. The currently available tools for this purpose are limited in their flexibility and do not present the oligonucleotide designer with an overview of these parameters. We present here a flexible tool named OligoWiz for designing oligonucleotides for multiple purposes. OligoWiz presents a set of parameter scores in a graphical interface to facilitate an overview for the user. Additional custom parameter scores can easily be added to the program to extend the default parameters: homology, DeltaTm, low-complexity, position and GATC-only. Furthermore we present an analysis of the limitations in designing oligonucleotide sets that can detect transcripts from multiple organisms. OligoWiz is available at www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/OligoWiz/.
Effects of transforming growth factor-beta 1 on murine clonal osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1). (1990)

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta family is considered to be an important local factor that greatly regulates bone metabolism. However, the effects of this polypeptide on osteoblasts have been divergent under various experimental conditions. Moreover, three forms of TGF-beta have been recently described. Therefore, we reexamined the effects of TGF-beta 1 on clonal murine osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. TGF-beta 1 dose- and time-dependently depressed alkaline phosphatase activity in the cells supported by low concentration of serum. On the contrary, in the same range of concentrations, TGF-beta 1 stimulated DNA synthesis in the cells. These effects of TGF-beta 1 were observed in the cells cultured in the media without or with a high concentration of serum. These effects of TGF-beta 1 are not mediated by endogenous production of prostaglandin, since the basal level of prostaglandin E2 was very low and rather inhibited by TGF-beta 1; and, further, indomethacin did not modify the effects of TGF-beta 1 on the cells under the present conditions. Furthermore, TGF-beta 1 greatly stimulated not only type I but also type III collagen production. Hydroxyurea completely blocked the stimulation of DNA synthesis by TGF-beta 1, but partially inhibited the collagen synthesis, suggesting that the TGF-beta 1-stimulated collagen synthesis is at least in part linked to the proliferation. However, the stimulation of collagen synthesis by TGF-beta 1 was greater than that of DNA synthesis, and further, the amount of hydroxyproline in the cell was evidently augmented by TGF-beta 1. Our data presented here thus suggest that TGF-beta 1 may act on preosteoblasts to increase the number of osteoblasts and the amount of bone organic matrix.