gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome–Dependent Proteolysis of Human Cyclin a Starts at the Beginning of Mitosis and Is Not Subject to the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (2001)

Cyclin A is a stable protein in S and G2 phases, but is destabilized when cells enter mitosis and is almost completely degraded before the metaphase to anaphase transition. Microinjection of antibodies against subunits of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) or against human Cdc20 (fizzy) arrested cells at metaphase and stabilized both cyclins A and B1. Cyclin A was efficiently polyubiquitylated by Cdc20 or Cdh1-activated APC/C in vitro, but in contrast to cyclin B1, the proteolysis of cyclin A was not delayed by the spindle assembly checkpoint. The degradation of cyclin B1 was accelerated by inhibition of the spindle assembly checkpoint. These data suggest that the APC/C is activated as cells enter mitosis and immediately targets cyclin A for degradation, whereas the spindle assembly checkpoint delays the degradation of cyclin B1 until the metaphase to anaphase transition. The "destruction box" (D-box) of cyclin A is 10-20 residues longer than that of cyclin B. Overexpression of wild-type cyclin A delayed the metaphase to anaphase transition, whereas expression of cyclin A mutants lacking a D-box arrested cells in anaphase.
Chemical structure and properties of midazolam compared with other benzodiazepines. (1983)

A short review is given of the basic chemical development in the field of 'classical' and 'annelated' benzodiazepines, distinguishing between pro-drugs and directly acting compounds. Some properties of midazolam that are of special interest for its practical use are discussed, such as: the basicity of its imidazole ring nitrogen, which allows water-soluble salts and well-tolerated aqueous injectable solutions to be prepared; its stability to hydrolytic degradation; its rapid metabolic inactivation, which is mainly determined by the methyl group on the imidazole ring, and which is much faster than that of classical benzodiazepines.
Contour blending using warp-guided distance field interpolation (1996)

Given (n-1)-dimensional parallel cross-sections of an n-dimensional body, one would like to reconstruct the n-dimensional body. The method based on Distance Field Interpolation (DFI) gives a robust solution to this problem in its ability to deal with any topology in any dimension. Still this method may give undesired solutions to the problem if the changes from one cross-section to the next are significant relative to the size of the details in the cross-sections. We consider the problem of solid reconstruction from contours, which can also be considered as a contour blending or contour morphing problem, where the third dimension is time. The method presented is based on interpolation of the distance field, guided by a warp function which is controlled by a set of corresponding anchor points. Some rules for defining a smooth least-distorting warp function are given. To reduce the distortion of the intermediate shapes, the warp function is decomposed into a rigid rotational part and an elastic part. The distance field interpolation method is modified so that the interpolation is guided by the warp function. The advantage of the new approach is that it is capable of blending between contours having different topological genus, and no correspondence between the geometric primitives should be established. The desired general correspondence is defined by the user in terms of a relatively small number of anchor points.
Loss of DNA Mismatch Repair: Effects on the Rate of Mutation to Drug Resistance (1997)

These results suggest that genes involved in the control of cellular sensitivity to etoposide are targets for mutation when the loss of MMR destabilizes the genome. Tumors containing large fractions of MMR-deficient cells may demonstrate more rapid emergence of clinical resistance to etoposide.
Surface laminar circuit packaging (2003)

Discusses the SLC (surface laminar circuit), a component carrier technology which satisfies various requirements for packaging of small computers through its surface laminar structure, which is similar to semiconductor wiring. By utilizing photo via holes instead of plated through holes for signal line connection, SLC has a high wiring density which allows it to carry bare chips directly attached on the SLC by flip chip attach. This packaging technology has an extended reliability compared with conventional flip chip bonding and a wide range of application in small computers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Temperature-dependent photoconductive properties of Ge-Sb-Te thin films (2019)

The present paper reports the study of photoconductive properties viz. steady state photoconductivity, dark conductivity (σd), dark activation energy (ΔEd), transient photoconductivity on vacuum evaporated thin films of Ge20Te80-xSbx (x = 0, 2, 4, 6, 10 at. %). At higher concentration of antimony, dark activation energy is found to decrease. A similar trend in the optical band gap is also observed. Optical band gap also decreases with the addition of antimony in the system. This drop in activation energy points towards an increase in the density of defect states in the system. Dark conductivity values are found to increase, and this rise is due to an increase in polarizability of antimony and partial ionic behaviour of the system. Photosensitivity (σph/σd) decreases with an increase in the antimony content in the matrix. Photocurrent versus light intensity (F) follows the power law σphαFγ and predominance of bimolecular recombination is found. During transient measurements, the decay rate is found to be non-exponential. A differential lifetime (τd) is found to increase with the addition of antimony as a dopant. The study of the decay of photocurrent reveals relaxation processes in the present chalcogenide glassy matrix. This behaviour indicates a slow decay process due to the increase in the density of defect state in the mobility gap. Similar results are also confirmed with an increase in the carrier concentration.
Multiple-case Study Methods in Governance-related Research (2011)

Abstract Relative to their single-case counterparts, multiple-case studies add observations for study, without taking the research design into more quantitative terrain. However, questions remain about the exact nature of the value that multi-case studies add to governance research. The present article addresses this gap by reviewing a sample of multiple-case study articles taken from leading public management journals and describing and classifying the approaches employed by researchers. It is argued that the ability of multiple-case study projects to convince us of their conclusions rests, to a degree not previously acknowledged, on the reliability of these studies.
Sampler for Collection and Analysis of Low Vapor Pressure Chemical (LVPC) Particulates/Aerosols (2013)

Detection of low vapor pressure chemicals (LVPCs) such as pesticides and other toxic/hazardous materials on various environmental surfaces as well as LVPC aerosols is a significant challenge for current vapor phase detectors. We describe a novel sampling device which utilizes stainless steel screens coated with a sticky polydimethylsiloxane coating for collecting LVPCs aerosolized off of a surface. Results are presented for the collection and detection of a pesticide simulant, dimethyl methylphosphonate sorbed onto silica gel (DMMP/SG), using direct analysis in real time-cylindrical ion trap mass spectrometry (DART-CITMS).
THE IMPACT OF REDUCED TILLAGE ON SOILBORNE PLANT PATHOGENS (1998)

Farmers increasingly leave crop residues on the soil surface rather than incorporating them into the soil. This practice helps reduce soil erosion, conserve energy, increase soil moisture, and increase crop yields. However, many soilborne plant pathogens survive in the previous year's crop residue, making diseases more problematic under reduced-tillage conditions. Reduced tillage can favor pathogens by such mechanisms as protecting the pathogen's refuge in the residue from microbial degradation, lowering soil temperature, increasing soil moisture, and leaving soil undisturbed. In order for reduced tillage to become more popular, additional controls are needed for pathogens. The four major control tactics (disease-control chemicals, biological control, host resistance, and cultural controls) can be used to limit damage from diseases. It is highly recommended, however, that crop rotation be coupled with reduced tillage. This practice controls many diseases and yet allows as much of the crop residue as possible to be retained on the soil surface.
The Ureteral Access System: A Review of the Immediate Results in 43 Cases (1987)

The ureteral access set was used 43 times during an 18-month period between 1984 and 1985. Stones lodged throughout the ureter and in the renal pelvis were extracted with a success rate of 51 per cent. Of the upper tract strictures 92 per cent were dilated successfully. Filling defects were diagnosed in 88 per cent of the cases. Foreign bodies were retrieved, Double-J stents were placed and biopsies were successful in each case. Ureteral perforation in 28 per cent of the cases was caused by the dilator in 8 of 12 (19 per cent over-all). The technique and short-term results are discussed. Long-term followup data are not yet available.
Low-loss single-mode GaAs/AlGaAs miniature optical waveguides with straight and bending structures (1989)

Low-loss single-mode GaAs/AlGaAs miniature optical waveguides fabricated for use in monolithically integrated optical circuits are discussed. The propagation characteristics of these waveguides with straight and S-bending structures have been investigated at wavelengths of 1.30 and 1.55 mu m. The lowest propagation losses are estimated to be 0.58 dB/cm and 0.69 dB/cm at wavelengths of 1.30 and 1.55 mu m, respectively. The total loss of an S-bending waveguide with a curvature radius of 2 mm and with a lateral displacement of 200 mu m was 0.61 dB and 0.46 dB at wavelengths of 1.30 and 1.55 mu m. The fabricated single-mode strip-loaded waveguides proved to be suitable for application of the semiconductor waveguide into monolithically integrated optical circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hybrid Voice Conversion of Unit Selection and Generation Using Prosody Dependent HMM (2006)

We propose a hybrid voice conversion method which employs a combination of techniques using HMM-based unit selection and spectrum generation. In the proposed method, the HMM-based unit selection selects the most likely unit for the required phoneme context from the target speaker's corpus when candidates of the target unit exist in the corpus. Unit selection is performed based on the sequence of the spectral probability distribution obtained from the adapted HMMs. On the other hand, when a target unit does not exist in a corpus, a target waveform is generated from the adapted HMM sequence by maximizing the spectral likelihood. The proposed method also employs the HMM in which the spectral probability distribution is adjusted to the target prosody using the weight defined by the prosodic probability of each distribution. To show the effectiveness of the proposed method, sound quality and speaker individuality tests were conducted. The results revealed that the proposed method could produce high-quality speech and individuality of the synthesized sound was more similar to the target speaker compared to conventional methods.
Extending the concept of transaction compensation (2002)

The ability to compensate for previous activities, often in the case of failure or exceptional events, is an important feature of long-running business transactions. In this paper, we present several extensions to existing notions of compensation for business transactions. The extensions are described using a business process modeling language called StAC (Structured Activity Compensation) but are also placed in the context of IBM's BPBeans (Business Process Beans) enterprise technology. The meaning of the compensation mechanisms is made precise, as are issues of compensation scoping in multilevel transactions. The compensation extensions result in flexible and powerful mechanisms for modeling and implementing long-running business transactions.
The Role of Riboflavin in Beer Flavour Instability: EPR studies and the application of flavin binding proteins (1999)

The effect of riboflavin and riboflavin binding proteins on the light-induced formation of reactive oxygen species and sunstruck off-flavour was studied in model beer solutions. Under model beer conditions (pH 4.0, 1 ppm riboflavin, 5% ethanol and traces of O2) hydroxyl and hydroxyethyl radicals were formed upon illumination. Radical formation was measured with the spin traps N-t-butyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN) and 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO). DMPO appeared to be a better spin trap than PBN for studying the effect of light exposure, since PBN is photochemically active by itself. Addition of isohumulones to the model beer reduced the amount of riboflavin-induced radicals. Two different riboflavin binding proteins were tested both for their ability to scavenge riboflavin and how in turn this influenced free radical formation. The apoform of egg white riboflavin binding protein (RfBP) was more efficient in reducing radical formation than an apo-flavodoxin protein isolated from Azotobacter vinelandii. Organoleptic assessment clearly indicated that the addition of apo-RfBP to model beer solutions, containing stiochiometric amounts of riboflavin as well as isohumulones and cysteine, reduced sunstruck off-flavour formation. The dual role of riboflavin and ethanol as radical propagators in oxidiatve flavour change is discussed.
White emission from non-planar InGaN/GaN MQW LEDs grown on GaN template with truncated hexagonal pyramids (2015)

Non-planar InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) structures are grown on a GaN template with truncated hexagonal pyramids (THPs) featuring c-plane and r-plane surfaces. The THP array is formed by the regrowth of the GaN layer on a selective-area Si-implanted GaN template. Transmission electron microscopy shows that the InGaN/GaN epitaxial layers regrown on the THPs exhibit different growth rates and indium compositions of the InGaN layer between the c-plane and r-plane surfaces. Consequently, InGaN/GaN MQW light-emitting diodes grown on the GaN THP array emit multiple wavelengths approaching near white light.
CDC Guideline for Handwashing and Hospital Environmental Control, 1985 (1986)

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Characterization of the contraction to 5‐HT in the canine colon longitudinal muscle (1997)

1. Although conscious dogs have often been used for colonic motility studies with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), the effects of 5-HT on the isolated colon have not been thoroughly characterized yet. The current study was undertaken to characterize the response to 5-HT of the canine isolated colon longitudinal muscle. 2. Longitudinal strips of canine midcolon deprived of (sub)mucosa were prepared for isotonic measurement. 5-HT induced contractions from 3 nM onwards, which were not affected by selective inhibition of 5-HT re-uptake, monoamine oxidase or blockade of alpha-adrenoceptors. Tetrodotoxin (0.3 microM) did not affect the responses to 5-HT, suggesting that smooth muscle 5-HT receptors are involved. The selective 5-HT4 receptor antagonist SB 204070 (10 nM) slightly enhanced contractions to 5-HT and therefore it was included in the organ bath solution in all further experiments. The 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptor antagonist methysergide (0.1 microM) depressed the curve to 5-HT, but the selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist granisetron (0.3 microM) had no effect. 3. Besides 5-HT, alpha-methyl-5-HT (alpha-Me-5-HT), 5-methoxytryptamine (5-MeOT), 2-methyl-5-HT (2-Me-5-HT) and 5-carboxamidotryptamine (5-CT) also induced contractions, with the following rank order of potency (pEC50 values in parentheses): 5-HT (6.9) = alpha-methyl-5-HT (6.9) > 2-Me-5-HT (5.8) = 5-MeOT (5.7) = 5-CT (5.6), indicative of 5-HT2 receptor involvement, alpha-Me-5-HT produced a bell-shaped curve, which was not affected by alpha-adrenoceptor blockade. 5-HT, 5-MeOT, 2-Me-5-HT and 5-CT produced a monophasic concentration-response curve, consistent with an interaction with a single receptor site. 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) and tryptamine only induced contractions at a concentration exceeding 1 microM. 4. The selective 5-HT2B receptor antagonist SB 204741 (0.3 microM) did not affect the curve to 5-HT. Ketanserin, cisapride and spiroxatrine behaved as competitive antagonists with pKb values of, respectively, 8.4, 8.1 and 6.7. Spiroxatrine (1 microM) shifted the curve to 5-MeOT rightward yielding an apparent pA2 of 7.1. Other antagonists at 5-HT2A receptors also surmountably inhibited the contractions to 5-HT (apparent pA2 value in parentheses): mesulergine (8.2), cinanserin (8.2), yohimbine (6.2) and mianserin (8.6). However, as well as a rightward shift, methiothepin (8.3), pizotifen (8.6) and spiperone (8.8) also caused a depression of the curve, indicative of "pseudo-irreversible' antagonism. Taken together, the above mentioned affinity estimates most closely corresponded to literature affinity values for 5-HT2A receptors. 5. It was concluded that 5-HT induces contractions of the canine midcolon longitudinal muscle primarily by stimulation of smooth muscle 5-HT2A receptors. The presence of inhibitory 5-HT4 receptors cannot be ruled out.
Common protein-binding sites in the 5'-flanking regions of human genes for cytochrome c1 and ubiquinone-binding protein. (1990)

The single nuclear gene encoding human ubiquinone-binding protein, a subunit of the cytochrome bc1 complex, was isolated previously (Suzuki, H., Hosokawa, Y., Toda, H., Nishikimi, M., and Ozawa, T. (1989) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 161, 371-378). The 5'-flanking region contains four putative CCAAT boxes, one putative NF-Y-binding site, and one sequence homologous to the AP-1 recognition site, but lacks typical TATA and GC boxes. Three common nucleotide sequences (5'-TATTCAGGT-3', 5'-ATCTGGCT-3', and 5'-TGGTGA(T/G)AG-3', designated Mt1, Mt3, and Mt4, respectively) were found in the 5'-flanking regions of the genes for human ubiquinone-binding protein and for human cytochrome c1, another subunit of the cytochrome bc1 complex. All three sequences are located in the 280-base pair BamHI-HindIII fragment of the ubiquinone-binding protein gene and in the 154-base pair SalI-PstI fragment of the cytochrome c1 gene. Interestingly, a computer-assisted homology search revealed that the SalI-PstI fragment of the cytochrome c1 gene is related to the long terminal repeat of an endogenous retrovirus. Sequences highly homologous to the three Mt-sequences were also found in the 5'-flanking regions of the genes for the beta subunit of human F0F1-ATPase and rat somatic cytochrome c. The Mt1 sequence (TATT-CAGGT) is similar to the GFII recognition site (RTCACGTG) found in the 5'-flanking regions of the yeast nuclear genes for three cytochrome bc1 complex subunits. Gel retardation assay demonstrated that protein factors in a whole HeLa cell extract bound to both of those fragments. At least three different specific binding sites were thought to exist in the fragments. Specific binding of the protein factors to the sites, possibly to the three Mt sequences, may play an important role in the coordinate regulation of the transcription of nuclear genes encoding subunits responsible for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.
Fabrication of Spindt-type tungsten microtip field emitter arrays with optimized aluminum parting layers (2000)

Spindt-type field emitter arrays of tungsten microtips have been fabricated by optimizing aluminum parting layers. The aluminum parting layers, which play a crucial role in the subsequent deposition of peeling-free tungsten films, are characterized by varying the deposition conditions. The aluminum parting layer deposited at a high vacuum level has a good stress relaxation effect, and tungsten microtip field emitter arrays, free of peeling, are successfully fabricated and show good electrical characteristics.
Two Apparent Molecular Forms of Bovine Lactoferrin (1989)

Bovine lactoferrin was prepared by CM-Sephadex column chromatography from defatted colostrum. When partially purified lactoferrin was analyzed by SDS-PAGE apparently two polypeptides of different size appeared. The polypeptides were transferred to a nitrocellulose sheet and visualized using antirabbit serum raised against the small polypeptide. Two polypeptides appeared clearly when stained by an immunological method. The color intensity of the two polypeptides was similar when the polypeptides were stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250. A high similarity of cyanogen bromide cleavage patterns between the two polypeptides was also observed in those stained with dye and immunologically visualized. Therefore, it is suggested that these polypeptides are lactoferrins. Comparison of the peptide patterns of the two lactoferrin molecules being deglycosylated suggested that sugar moieties may be one, but not all, of the causes of the size heterogeneity in lactoferrin. These results suggest that bovine colostrum contains two lactoferrin molecules of different size, although the physiological significance of the heterogeneity is not yet known.
Poorly controlled elderly Type 2 diabetic patients: the effects of increasing sulphonylurea dosages or adding metformin (1999)

These results suggest that either high sulphonylurea dosages or a therapy combining lower sulphonylurea dosages with metformin are effective and safe in an aged but healthy population. Metformin provides additional benefits counteracting several cardiovascular risk factors but must be administered with caution, bearing in mind the general contra-indications for the drug but not age alone.
Electromechanical coupling coefficients of ultrasonic Lamb waves (1993)

The electromechanical coupling coefficients of fundamental and higher-order ultrasonic Lamb wave modes propagating in a piezoelectric plate have been calculated using two different methods. The first approach calculates the coupling coefficient K from the well-known equation K2=2(Δv/v)=2(v0−vm)/v0, where v0 and vm are the wave velocities on a free and a metallized surface, respectively. The second approach, which involves considerably more calculations, is based on the Green’s function method of analysis. In the case of surface acoustic waves, it has been shown that the two approaches give nearly identical results. It is found that, in most cases, this is also true for Lamb waves. The only exception occurs for the lowest-order symmetric (S0) and antisymmetric (A0) modes, if the ratio h/λ (h=plate thickness, λ=acoustic wavelength) is greater than 1. In this case the Δv/v method gives erroneous results. This occurs because, in this case, the surface metallization causes strong perturbation of the mechanical displacements associated with the waves. In all other cases, the surface metallization produces a weak perturbation of the acoustic wave, and the simple Δv/v method can be used to calculate the coupling coefficient.