gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
β-Catenin Upregulates the Constitutive and Virus-Induced Transcriptional Capacity of the Interferon Beta Promoter through T-Cell Factor Binding Sites (2015)

Rapid upregulation of interferon beta (IFN-β) expression following virus infection is essential to set up an efficient innate antiviral response. Biological roles related to the antiviral and immune response have also been associated with the constitutive production of IFN-β in naive cells. However, the mechanisms capable of modulating constitutive IFN-β expression in the absence of infection remain largely unknown. In this work, we demonstrate that inhibition of the kinase glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) leads to the upregulation of the constitutive level of IFN-β expression in noninfected cells, provided that GSK-3 inhibition is correlated with the binding of β-catenin to the IFN-β promoter. Under these conditions, IFN-β expression occurred through the T-cell factor (TCF) binding sites present on the IFN-β promoter independently of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). Enhancement of the constitutive level of IFN-β per se was able to confer an efficient antiviral state to naive cells and acted in synergy with virus infection to stimulate virus-induced IFN-β expression. Further emphasizing the role of β-catenin in the innate antiviral response, we show here that highly pathogenic Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) targets the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and the formation of active TCF/β-catenin complexes at the transcriptional and protein level in RVFV-infected cells and mice.
Development and testing of a synchronous-scanning underwater imaging system capable of rapid two-dimensional frame imaging (1993)

The design and construction of a synchronous-scanning underwater imaging system capable of rapid two-dimensional scanning are described. The imager employs a 7-W, all-lines, argon-ion laser in onjunction with a galvanometrically driven raster scanner and an image-dissector tube receiver. The imager is capable of directly generating real-time RS-170 video imagery. The results of an in-water test of the imaging system, in which a high-contrast imaging test pattern was imaged, demonstrate operating anges of up to 4 attenuation lengths (AL) when the test was run at real-time frame rates, ranges of 5.1-5.5 AL when the system operated with an eight-frame running average, and ranges of 6.3 AL when a 128-frame running average was used. The system performance was compared with that of several floodlight/silicon-intensified-target TV camera configurations, which produced a maximum imaging range of ∼2.6 AL. Also, an imaging configuration that used the raster-scanned beam of the laser as an illumination source for the sil n-intensified-target camera was tested. That system had an ultimate range of ∼ 4 AL.
Improved simulation of liquid water by molecular dynamics (1974)

Molecular dynamics calculations on a classical model for liquid water have been carried out at mass density 1 g/cm3 and at four temperatures. The effective pair potential employed is based on a four-charge model for each molecule and represents a modification of the prior ``BNS'' interaction. Results for molecular structure and thermodynamic properties indicate that the modification improves the fidelity of the molecular dynamics simulation. In particular, the present version leads to a density maximum near 27°C for the liquid in coexistence with its vapor and to molecular distribution functions in better agreement with x-ray scattering experiments.
Oral vaccination with an attenuated Salmonella typhimurium strain expressing Borrelia burgdorferi OspA prevents murine Lyme borreliosis (1995)

Borrelia burgdorferi is the causative agent of Lyme disease. In the mouse model, protection is correlated with the development of antibodies to a major outer surface protein, OspA. In this study, we expressed OspA in an attenuated strain of Salmonella typhimurium and tested the efficacy of the transformed strain in protecting against disease. We show that mice inoculated by gavage developed high titers of anti-OspA antibodies and were protected against an intradermal challenge with the spirochete.
Identification and characterization of a novel anthocyanin malonyltransferase from scarlet sage (<i>Salvia splendens</i>) flowers: an enzyme that is phylogenetically separated from other anthocyanin acyltransferases (2004)

Anthocyanin acyltransferases (AATs) catalyze a regiospecific acyl transfer from acyl-CoA to the glycosyl moiety of anthocyanins, thus playing an important role in flower coloration. The known AATs are subfamily members of an acyltransferase family, the BAHD family, which play important roles in secondary metabolism in plants. Here, we describe the purification, characterization, and cDNA cloning of a novel anthocyanin malonyltransferase from scarlet sage (Salvia splendens) flowers. The purified enzyme (hereafter referred to as Ss5MaT2) is a monomeric 46-kDa protein that catalyzes the transfer of the malonyl group from malonyl-CoA to the 4"'-hydroxyl group of the 5-glucosyl moiety of anthocyanins. Thus, it is a malonyl-CoA:anthocyanin 5-glucoside 4"'-O-malonyltransferase. On the basis of the partial amino acid sequences of the purified enzyme, we isolated a cDNA that encodes an acyltransferase protein. The steady-state transcript level of the gene was the highest in recently opened, fully pigmented flowers and was also correlated with the trend observed for an AAT gene responsible for the first malonylation step during salvianin biosynthesis. Immunoprecipitation studies using antibodies against the recombinant acyltransferase protein corroborated the identity of this cDNA as that encoding Ss5MaT2. The deduced amino acid sequence of Ss5MaT2 showed a low similarity (22-24% identity) to those of AATs and lacked the AAT-specific signature sequence. A phylogenetic analysis suggested that Ss5MaT2 is more related to acetyl-CoA:benzylalcohol acetyltransferase (BEAT) rather than to AAT. This is another example in which enzymes with similar, although not identical, substrate evolved from different branches of the BAHD family.
Small Bronzes from Northern Asia (1930)

Early in 1929 the British Museum acquired a lot of two dozen small bronzes. Mr. Reginald Smith gave a preliminary account of them and illustrated eighteen in the British Museum Quarterly . The Society is indebted to the Trustees of the British Museum for the loan of these plates (our 1 and 11). Mr. Smith was good enough to suggest that I should treat them in greater detail in the Antiquaries Journal .
Effect of Airway Pressure on Pericardial Pressure (1989)

The effect of applied positive airway pressure or PEEP on pericardial pressure was examined in closed-chest, anesthetized dogs with normal lungs and in animals with oleic acid-induced lung injury. Both groups were studied before and after vascular volume loading by dextran infusion. Pericardial pressure was measured using an air-filled flat balloon placed along the lateral left ventricular free wall within the pericardial space. A linear relation between right atrial pressure (RAP) and pericardial pressure (PP) was found (RAP = 3.9 + 0.78 PP, r = 0.76, p less than 0.01) that was independent of acute lung injury but was influenced by the application of PEEP. In the baseline volume condition, pericardial pressure increased linearly with an increase in PEEP to 15 cm H2O. After volume loading, pericardial pressure increased fourfold, but, surprisingly, did not change with applied PEEP. These relations were similar in the two groups despite a reduction in total respiratory system compliance in the oleic acid group. This suggests that transmission of airway pressure to the pericardial surface is independent of the presence of acute lung injury and that changes in pericardial pressure in response to PEEP reflect both the transmission of airway pressure to the pericardial surface and, presumably, PEEP-related changes in cardiac volume and ventricular compliance.
Teaching in Real‐time Wireless Classrooms* (1999)

Abstract This paper describes the educational opportunities and challenges of teaching in a real‐time wireless classroom (WC) environment. The WC environment allows instructors to replace the conventional blackboard and chalk classroom with a collaborative, networked, portable classroom environment. WCs provide a wide variety of new instructional possibilities, including collaborative presentations and whiteboard interaction, live audio and video, animated examples, independent and instructor‐directed web surfing, and other powerful multimedia methods. However, making effective use of these real‐time interactive capabilities is not straightforward, and there are many challenges involved with teaching in such an environment. This paper describes our practical experiences teaching with WCs the past year. We discuss the costs and effort needed to prepare course materials for a WC and report on recent experiments that integrate the WC environment with a distance learning effort.
Predicting Catalysis:  Understanding Ammonia Synthesis from First-Principles Calculations (2006)

Here, we give a full account of a large collaborative effort toward an atomic-scale understanding of modern industrial ammonia production over ruthenium catalysts. We show that overall rates of ammonia production can be determined by applying various levels of theory (including transition state theory with or without tunneling corrections, and quantum dynamics) to a range of relevant elementary reaction steps, such as N(2) dissociation, H(2) dissociation, and hydrogenation of the intermediate reactants. A complete kinetic model based on the most relevant elementary steps can be established for any given point along an industrial reactor, and the kinetic results can be integrated over the catalyst bed to determine the industrial reactor yield. We find that, given the present uncertainties, the rate of ammonia production is well-determined directly from our atomic-scale calculations. Furthermore, our studies provide new insight into several related fields, for instance, gas-phase and electrochemical ammonia synthesis. The success of predicting the outcome of a catalytic reaction from first-principles calculations supports our point of view that, in the future, theory will be a fully integrated tool in the search for the next generation of catalysts.
Optimizing therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. (1997)

This review focuses on current developments in the major categories of therapy used in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Conventional corticosteroids, although a mainstay of the acute treatment of IBD for many years, have many drawbacks, including a variety of side effects--particularly with chronic use. Budesonide appears to be relatively safe and at least moderately effective in inducing remission in active distal ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease. Aminosalicylates, both oral and topical, have proven useful in managing mild-to-moderate active UC and mild active Crohn's disease, as well as in maintaining remission. Data from recent trials suggest that higher doses of mesalamine are generally more efficacious than lower doses. In addition, a combination of oral and rectal formulations may succeed when one route, alone, is not successful. The immunomodulatory agents azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, and methotrexate have been shown to be effective in the treatment of IBD and are now widely accepted as valuable parts of the therapeutic armamentarium. Cyclosporine, although effective, is associated with many toxicities, and patients must be monitored closely in centers experienced with this agent. Clinical trials of IL-10, IL-11, and anti-TNFalpha have also shown promise. Antibiotics have been used empirically for many years in the treatment of IBD. Larger clinical trials are warranted to explore the potential efficacy of antibiotic therapy. This has been accomplished with metronidazole in Crohn's disease, and other antibiotic trials are underway at this time. The investigational agents acemannan, heparin, and transdermal nicotine have also shown variable degrees of promise as possible therapies for IBD. Despite the variety of agents available for the treatment of IBD, none is ideal or universally accepted. Ongoing research into the well-established therapeutic agents, as well as novel drugs with more precise targets, may contribute to the design of a more nearly optimal regimen for IBD in the not-too-distant future.
Increased platelet-activating factor-induced periventricular brain microvascular constriction associated with immaturity (2003)

Oxidant stress contributes to the pathogenesis of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathies. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is generated during oxidant stress. We studied the vasomotor mode of actions of PAF on periventricular (PV) microvessels of fetal ( approximately 75% of term), newborn (1-3 days), and adult pigs. PAF constricted PV microvessels from fetal (29.27 +/- 2.6%) and newborn (22.14 +/- 3.2%) pigs but was ineffective in adults (<2.5%). Specific [(3)H]PAF binding was greater in fetus and newborn than in adults; a concordant developmental PAF-induced inositol phosphate formation was observed. PAF-induced vasoconstriction was abrogated by thromboxane A(2) (TXA(2)) synthase and receptor inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, and by removal of endothelium; vasoconstriction to TXA(2) mimetic U-46619 did not differ with age. Immunoreactive TXA(2) synthase expression and PAF-evoked TXA(2) formation revealed a fetus> newborn>adult profile. Thus the greater PAF-induced PV microvascular constriction in younger subjects seems attributable to greater PAF receptor density and mostly secondary to TXA(2) formation from endothelium. The resulting decrease in blood flow may contribute to the increased vulnerability of the PV brain regions to oxidant stress-induced injury in immature subjects.
Characterization of a Drosophila protein associated with boundaries of transcriptionally active chromatin. (1991)

We have used indirect immunofluorescence of polytene chromosomes to examine the chromatin distribution of a 52-kD Drosophila protein designated B52. B52 is localized to transcriptionally active loci and, at the highly decondensed heat shock loci, can be seen to bracket the RNA polymerase II fluorescence signals symmetrically. We have also examined the distribution of B52 on nonpolytene chromosomes in Drosophila cell cultures with an in vivo UV cross-linking method and find that, here too, B52 is associated with boundaries of transcriptionally active chromatin. The predicted primary amino acid sequence of B52 reveals two regions with similarities to a number of other proteins known to interact with nucleic acids.
Enantioselective, Chirally Templated Sol−Gel Thin Films (2005)

Enantioselective surfactant-templated thin films were fabricated through the sol-gel (SG) process. The enantioselectivity is general in the sense that it discriminates between pairs of enantiomers not used for the imprinting process. The chiral cationic surfactant (-)-N-dodecyl-N-methylephedrinium bromide (1) was used as the surfactant template, and after its extraction chiral domains were created. The chiral discriminative feature of these films was examined by challenging with pure enantiomer solutions for rebinding. Selective adsorption was shown using (R)- and (S)-propranolol, (R)-2 and (S)-2, respectively, and (R)- and (S)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(9-anthryl)ethanol, (R)-3 and (S)-3, respectively, as the chiral probes. The selective adsorption was measured by fluorescence analysis, and the chiral selectivity factors were found to be 1.6 for 2 and 2.25 for 3. In both cases, (R)-enantiomer was adsorbed preferably. The resulting material was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, by diffraction, and by surface area measurements, and was found to be semicrystalline with short-range ordered domains (50 A) of hexagonal symmetry.
Fast-Decay Phosphors (1970)

Decay times, efficiencies, and spectral energy distributions of a number of Ce3+‐activated phosphors have been determined. Decay times as short as 25–30 nsec are found for , , and ; the two first‐named phosphors show a weak, the last a strong, afterglow. The techniques of measurement have been described.
A comparison of software and hardware synchronization mechanisms for distributed shared memory multiprocessors (1996)

Efficient synchronization is an essential component of parallel computing. The designers of traditional multiprocessors have included hardware support only for simple operations such as compare-and-swap and load-linked/store-conditional, while high level synchronization primitives such as locks, barriers, and condition variables have been implemented in software [9, 14, 15]. With the advent of directory-based distributed shared memory (DSM) multiprocessors with significant flexibility in their cache controllers [7, 12, 17], it is worthwhile considering whether this flexibility should be used to support higher level synchronization primitives in hardware. In particular, as part of maintaining data consistency, these architectures maintain lists of processors with a copy of a given cache line, which is most of the hardware needed to implement distributed locks. We studied two software and four hardware implementations of locks and found that hardware implementation can reduce lock acqui...
Age and causes of death in adult-onset myotonic dystrophy (1998)

Myotonic dystrophy is a relatively common type of muscular dystrophy, associated with a variety of systemic complications. Long term follow-up is difficult because of the slow progression. The objective of this study was to determine survival, age at death and causes of death in patients with the adult-onset type of myotonic dystrophy. A register of myotonic dystrophy patients was set up in Southern Limburg (the Netherlands), using data longitudinally collected over a 47-year period (1950-97). Survival for 180 patients (from the register) with adult-onset type myotonic dystrophy was established by the Kaplan-Meier method. The median survival was 60 years for males and 59 years for females. Survival of the patients was also estimated from the age of 15 years to the ages of 25, 45 and 65 years and compared with the expected survival of age- and sex-matched birth cohorts from the normal Dutch population. The observed survival to the ages of 25, 45 and 65 years was 99%, 88% and 18% compared with an expected survival of 99%, 95% and 78%, respectively. Thus, survival to the age of 65 in patients with adult-onset myotonic dystrophy is markedly reduced. A weak positive correlation between the CTG repeat length and younger age at death was found in the 13 patients studied (r = 0.50, P = 0.08). The cause of death could be determined in 70 of the 83 deceased patients. Pneumonia and cardiac arrhythmias were the most frequent primary causes of death, each occurring in approximately 30%, which was far more than expected for the general Dutch population. In addition, we assessed mobility in the years before death in a subgroup of 18 patients, as a reflection of the long-term physical handicap in myotonic dystrophy patients. Half of the patients studied were either partially or totally wheelchair-bound shortly before their death.
Semiactive Vibration Control of a Smart Seat with an MR Fluid Damper Considering its Time Delay (2002)

The Lyapunov type robust control is applied to the semiactive vibration control of a controllable seat system to accommodate the modelling uncertainty of system and time delay of the damper. The seat system has a flexible mechanism of a spring and MR fluid damper between a seat cushion and base. Simulation results show that the robust control considering the time delay of the damper suppresses the seat vibration effectively.
Antioxidants attenuate anthralin-induced skin inflammation in BALB/c mice: role of specific proinflammatory cytokines (1998)

Anthralin is the most common therapeutic agent among a small number of pro-oxidant, 9-anthrones effective in the topical treatment of psoriasis. However, the usefulness of this drug is diminished by toxic side effects, including skin irritation and inflammation. The activities of anthralin are believed to be mediated by the generation of reactive oxygen intermediates and anthrone radicals produced in the skin. In this study, the dermal inflammatory response to anthralin was determined using a mouse ear swelling test. Maximum ear swelling induced by anthralin coincided with the elevation of cytokine mRNA expression in the skin, including interleukin-6, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and tumor necrosis factor alpha at 24 h post challenge. The role of free radical generation in ear swelling and cytokine modulation were examined by systemic administration of cell permeable and impermeable antioxidants before anthralin challenge. Superoxide dismutase and alpha-tocopherol acetate, but not the glutathione precursor N-acetyl cysteine, were effective inhibitors of anthralin-induced ear swelling and cytokine elevation. Maximum inflammatory cell infiltration occurred 72-96 h post anthralin challenge and was also reduced by antioxidants. These data suggest that oxidative stress, generated at the site of anthralin treatment, alters the expression of dermal chemokines and other cytokines resulting in the recruitment of inflammatory cells. Systemic antioxidant administration may provide opportunities for therapeutic intervention against anthralin-associated toxicities.
[Age and variability in the inguinal lymph nodes of adult humans]. (1976)

Lymphatic nodes on the anterior surface of the femur, in the region of the femoral triangle were studied in 56 corpses of humans of either sex from 31 to 82 years of age, dead of accidental causes or of diseases not related to lymphatic nodes. The investigation was carried on by the method of interstitial and direct injection of the Gerota's mass to some regions of foot skin, external genitalia and the skin of the anterior wall of the abdomen. It has been established that the size of inguinal lymphatic nodes (both superficial and profound) in humans of either sex, are in direct dependence on the age of the person. The amount of inguinal lymphatic nodes in young people prevails over that in old people. The external diameter of the afferent and efferent vessels in elderly humans is greater than in young ones. The amount of afferent lymphatic vessels to inguinal lymphatic nodes in most cases prevails over the amount of efferent ones, independent of age and sex. The external diameter of the former is greater than that of the latter.
Denoising of test data of sudden three-phase short based on wavelet algorithm (2008)

In order to eliminate noise and singularities from dynamical test data, this paper employs spatial correlation of wavelet coefficients to remove noise by the feature, which noise-decomposed coefficients using wavelet transform are not correlative at the different finest scales, and uses the characteristic of the singularities through decomposing wavelet to eliminate these singularities, that is denoising and deleting singularities in one step using wavelet algorithm. And the parameters of a 650 MW turbo- generator are identified accurately by LM algorithm based on improved models.