gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
How are countries in the Western Pacific Region tracking the HIV epidemic? Results from a 2011 survey of ministries of health (2012)

In 2011, as part of the World Health Organization global reporting tool to collect data on the progress of improving the health sector response to HIV/AIDS towards universal access, a questionnaire was sent to ministries of health of Western Pacific Region Member States on the scope and functioning of their HIV surveillance systems. Of the 17 countries that responded, 13 were low- to middle-income countries and four were high-income countries. Regular serosurveillance surveys are conducted with female sex workers in all lower- and middle-income countries that responded to the survey but less so with people who inject drugs and men who have sex with men. Furthermore, there are no surveillance activities of the key populations in most of the Pacific island countries. It is recommended that estimations of high-risk populations be conducted in priority Pacific island countries and tailored surveillance systems be designed. Efforts should also be made to gather and accumulate data from sufficient geographic coverage to allow the HIV epidemic to continue to be monitored.
THE HAUY COLLECTION (2011)

L’abbe Rene-Just Hauy (1743–1822) indubitably is the father of modern mineralogy. Recognition of the unit cell ( la molecule integrante ), the rationality of axial intercepts, the six primary forms (crystal systems), and the publication of his monumental Traite de mineralogie assure him of this status. In spite of being a cleric, Hauy avoided execution during the French revolution and even curried Emperor Napoleon’s favor, writing treatises on physics and on geodesy under his tutelage. In 1816, Hauy sent a collection of 424 small but carefully identified specimens to the Quebec Seminary. Astonishingly, after nearly two centuries, only four samples have been lost. The history of this unique collection and of a few ancillary objects is here documented.
Biologic fixation of total hip implants. Insights gained from a series of canine studies. (2004)

Biologic fixation of total hip replacement implants with porous surfaces by means of bone ingrowth became a clinical reality largely through the many experimental studies that were carried out in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. Polymethylmethacrylate bone cement had been the material of choice for implant fixation until then, when it was realized that bone can grow into the porous surfaces of implants if appropriate pore geometries are provided. Porous metals, polymers, and ceramics had been investigated as candidate implants, and porous-coated metal implants were chosen on the basis of the advances in sintering technologies, biocompatibility, and strength considerations (Fig. 1). Consistently obtaining bone growth into functioning total joint replacement components under the conditions of physiologic loading, however, remained a problem. Canine studies were critically important in defining the conditions necessary for consistent bone growth into these devices and thus in the development of porous-surface prostheses for biologic fixation. Our experience with such studies is presented here.



Fig. 1 
Different types of porous surfaces available for biologic ingrowth. From top to bottom: plasma sprayed surfaces, sintered beaded surfaces with large spheres, sintered beaded surfaces with small spheres, and diffusion-bonded fiber-metal surfaces. The three figures from left to right in each column show representative cross-sections through the porous surfaces.



Between 1980 and 1985, more than sixty total hip arthroplasties were performed with use of porous-coated metal components in dogs in order to assess a variety of factors that might influence bone ingrowth. The dog model was chosen because of the large amount of data available on the skeletal renewal dynamics of the dog. In addition, dogs are known to have early development of arthritis of the hip and were thought to provide a good animal model for total hip replacement surgery. The canine acetabulum is also shallower and more dysplastic than the human …
Suppression of TNF-alpha secretion by azelastine in a rat mast (RBL-2H3) cell line: evidence for differential regulation of TNF-alpha release, transcription, and degranulation (1997)

The mast cell plays a pivotal role in initiating allergic inflammation by secreting several cytokines including TNF-alpha, in addition to granule mediators such as histamine. Anti-allergic drugs including azelastine prevent immediate-type hypersensitivity by inhibiting mast cell degranulation, as well as blocking histamine H1 receptors. However, their effects on cytokine release from mast cells remain unknown. In a rat mast RBL-2H3 cell line, azelastine inhibited Ag- and ionomycin-induced TNF-alpha release with IC50 values of 25.7 +/- 3.4 microM and 1.66 +/- 0.45 microM, respectively. These effects were observed at lower concentrations than needed for the inhibition of degranulation. In Ag-stimulated cells, azelastine also inhibited TNF-alpha mRNA expression, TNF-alpha protein synthesis and release, and, possibly related to these effects, Ca2+ influx. In ionomycin-stimulated cells, however, azelastine inhibited TNF-alpha release to a greater extent than mRNA expression/protein synthesis and Ca2+ influx, suggesting that azelastine inhibits the release process more potently than transcription or production of TNF-alpha by interfering with a signal other than Ca2+. Azelastine added 1 h after ionomycin stimulation also immediately blocked subsequent release of TNF-alpha, which had been produced in the cells, without affecting Ca2+ influx. Pretreatment with 1 microM azelastine inhibited ionomycin-induced, but not Ag-induced, protein kinase C translocation to the membranes. These results suggest that the release process of TNF-alpha in mast cells is regulated by a mechanism distinct from that of degranulation, and that in Ca2+-ionophore-stimulated cells, it is also different from that of transcription/production, and possibly involves protein kinase C activation.
A Simplified "Real Frequency" Technique Applied to Broad-Band Multistage Microwave Amplifiers (1982)

A computer-aided design (CAD) procedure, which is a new and simplified "real frequency" technique, is introduced for treating the broad-band matching of an arbitrary load to a complex generator. The method can be applied to the design of interstage equalizers for microwave amplifiers. It utilizes the measured data obtained from the generator and the load networks. Neither an a priori choice of an equalizer topology, nor an analytic form of the system transfer function, is assumed. The optimization process of the design procedure is carried out directly in terms of a physically realizable, unit normalized reflection coefficient which describes the equalizer atone. Based on the load-generator matching technique, a sequential procedure to design multistage microwave amplifiers is presented. An example is given for a three-stage, FET amplifier proceeding directly from the measured scattering parameters of the FET devices. The example is in three parts and illustrates the sequential method; that is, first a single-stage, then a two-stage, and finally the three-stage system is computed.
A Machine Learning Approach to Routing (2017)

Can ideas and techniques from machine learning be leveraged to automatically generate "good" routing configurations? We investigate the power of data-driven routing protocols. Our results suggest that applying ideas and techniques from deep reinforcement learning to this context yields high performance, motivating further research along these lines.
Virtual sensor for fault detection and isolation in flight control systems - fuzzy modeling approach (2002)

A virtual sensor for normal acceleration has been developed and implemented in the flight control system of a small commercial aircraft. The inputs of the virtual sensor are the consolidated outputs of dissimilar sensor signals. The virtual sensor is a fuzzy model of the Takagi-Sugeno type and it has been identified from simulated data, using a detailed, realistic Matlab/Simulink/sup TM/ model used by the aircraft manufacturer. This virtual sensor can be applied to identify a failed sensor in the case that only two real sensors are available and even to detect a failure of the last available sensor.
A 2.5 V active lowpass filter using all-npn gain cells with a 1 V/sub pp/ linear input range (1993)

Describes an all-npn gain cell with a highly linear V-I converter, which has a 1-V/sub pp/ linear input range and is suitable for operation at 2 V. An active LPF is used to test the transconductor. The LPF is derived from a doubly-terminated third-order Butterworth LC ladder filter prototype with 192-kHz nominal cutoff. Measured total harmonic distortion (THD) of the LPC as a function of the input voltage is shown. The maximum linear input range of 1 V/sub pp/ is achieved when the supply voltage is 2.5 V and THD is -53 dB at 10 kHz. Equi-THD curves of the LPF with the input range and the supply voltage taken as parameters are also shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Direct Dispensing Of Polymer Waveguides On Silicon Substrates (1993)

An extremely simple, low-cost technique is described for fabrication of multimode optical waveguides for signal distribution in hybrid OEIC’s. Results obtained for a 1 -t0-4 optical splitter are reported.
Revised structure zone model for thin film physical structure (1984)

Thin films prepared under conditions of low adatom mobility are characterized by a highly anisotropic physical structure with a wide range of systematically varying column and void sizes. The structure zone models, previously developed to classify the larger sized physical structures, are revised to account for the evolutionary growth stages of structure development as well as the separate effects of thermal- and bombardment-induced mobility. The zone T introduced by Thornton is shown to be a subzone within zone 1.
Inactivation of NMD increases viability of sup45 nonsense mutants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2007)

This is the first demonstration that sup45 mutations do not only change translation fidelity but also acts by causing a change in mRNA stability.
Acoustic resonance of outer-rotor brushless dc motor for air-conditioner fan (2008)

Generation of acoustic noise in electric motor is an interacting combination of mechanical and electromagnetic sources. In this paper, a brushless dc motor for air-conditioner fan is analyzed by finite element method to identify noise source, and the analysis results are verified by experiments, and sensitivity analysis is performed by design of experiments.
MicroRNA BIOGENESIS, FUNCTIONALITY AND CANCER RELEVANCE (2006)

There has been demonstrated a possibility to use these microRNA signatures for a specific cancer classification with potential predictive and therapeutic value. The known data provide evidence that microRNAs may open new ways for cancer diagnosis, prognosis estimation and therapy.
Mechanical property and corrosion resistance of zirconia/polydopamine nanocomposite multilayer films fabricated via a novel non‐electrostatic layer‐by‐layer assembly technique (2010)

Abstract Zirconia/polydopamine (ZrO 2 /PDA) nanocomposite multilayer films were constructed on Si substrate via a novel nonelectrostatic layer‐by‐layer (NELBL) assembly technique. The building block of this technique is the newly reported dopamine molecule, which can be attached to almost all material surfaces and undergo oxidation‐polymerization to form PDA layers; more importantly, the outer hydroxyl groups of the PDA layer can chelated with certain inorganic oxide nanoparticles to generate oxide films. Thus, ZrO 2 /PDA nanocomposite multilayer films were fabricated by sequential NELBL deposition of PDA and ZrO 2 nanoparticles. The formation of the ZrO 2 /PDA nanocomposite multilayer films was monitored by the water contact angle (WCA) and ellipsometric thickness measurements, while the microstructure of the fabricated films was analyzed by means of atomic force microscope (AFM), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The mechanical and anticorrosion behaviors of the annealed ZrO 2 /PDA nanocomposite multilayers were found to be greatly enhanced as compared with that of the annealed homogeneous ZrO 2 film. The better mechanical and anticorrosion behaviors of the annealed ZrO 2 /PDA nanocomposite multilayers than the annealed homogeneous ZrO 2 film may be closely related to their special microstructure. Namely, the organic–inorganic hybrid microstructure of the annealed ZrO 2 /PDA nanocomposite multilayers may largely account for the increased nanohardness and corrosion resistance. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of Oxirane Oxygen (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Oxirane OxygenDaniel. Swern, T. W. Findley, G. N. Billen, and J. T. ScanlanCite this: Anal. Chem. 1947, 19, 6, 414–415Publication Date (Print):June 24, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 24 June 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60006a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60006a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1109Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Robust Spatial Sensing of Mating Pheromone Gradients by Yeast Cells (2008)

Projecting or moving up a chemical gradient is a universal behavior of living organisms. We tested the ability of S. cerevisiaea-cells to sense and respond to spatial gradients of the mating pheromone alpha-factor produced in a microfluidics chamber; the focus was on bar1Delta strains, which do not degrade the pheromone input. The yeast cells exhibited good accuracy with the mating projection typically pointing in the correct direction up the gradient ( approximately 80% under certain conditions), excellent sensitivity to shallow gradients, and broad dynamic range so that gradient-sensing was relatively robust over a 1000-fold range of average alpha-factor concentrations. Optimal directional sensing occurred at lower concentrations (5 nM) close to the K(d) of the receptor and with steeper gradient slopes. Pheromone supersensitive mutations (sst2Delta and ste2(300Delta)) that disrupt the down-regulation of heterotrimeric G-protein signaling caused defects in both sensing and response. Interestingly, yeast cells employed adaptive mechanisms to increase the robustness of the process including filamentous growth (i.e. directional distal budding) up the gradient at low pheromone concentrations, bending of the projection to be more aligned with the gradient, and forming a more accurate second projection when the first projection was in the wrong direction. Finally, the cells were able to amplify a shallow external gradient signal of alpha-factor to produce a dramatic polarization of signaling proteins at the front of the cell. Mathematical modeling revealed insights into the mechanism of this amplification and how the supersensitive mutants can disrupt accurate polarization. Together, these data help to specify and elucidate the abilities of yeast cells to sense and respond to spatial gradients of pheromone.
Derivate des Methylendioxybenzols, IV. Reaktionen des 4.5‐Methylendioxy‐phthalaldehyds (1961)

Abstract 4.5‐Methylendioxy‐phthalaldehyd ließ sich mit Glyoxal zu einem Isonaphthazarin, mit Hydroxylamin zu einem Dioxim und mit Hydrazin unter Bildung eines Phthalazins kondensieren. Kondensationen des Dialdehyds mit Acetondicarbonsäure‐, Diglykolsäure‐, Thiodiglykolsäure‐ und mit N ‐Methyl‐iminodiessigsäureester führten zu ungesättigten Siebenringsystemen.
Experimental cardiac allograft vasculopathy in mice. (1993)

Cardiac allograft vasculopathy is the most common cause of death in heart transplant recipients after the first postoperative year. The pathogenesis of cardiac allograft vasculopathy is not clearly defined. To better study this disease, a genetically well-defined and reproducible animal model such as the mouse is needed. We performed heterotopic, intraabdominal heart transplantation between two inbred strains of mice. The B10.A strain served as donors, and the B10.BR strain served as recipients. No immunosuppressive therapy was administered. The allografts in groups I (n = 6) and II (n = 6) were harvested at 30 and 50 days after operation, respectively. All allografts had palpable contractions at the time of harvest. The cardiac allografts from both groups showed mild to moderate acute cellular rejection. In groups I and II, 55% +/- 26% and 60% +/- 18% of arteries showed intimal thickening, respectively. Pathologically, the vascular lesions were characterized with varying degrees of intimal thickening, subendothelial mononuclear cell infiltration and fibrosis, frequent disruption of the internal elastic lamina, and perivascular inflammation. These findings are characteristic of cardiac allograft vasculopathy seen clinically. Isografts (n = 6) showed no vascular lesions. The heterotopic transplantation of B10.A-strain hearts into B10.BR recipients provides a useful murine model for future studies in the pathogenesis and treatment of cardiac allograft vasculopathy.
Photon harvesting polymers: intracoil energy transfer in anthryl- and fluorescein-tagged polystyrene (1985)

Polystyrene containing small mole fractions of pendent 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA) and fluorescein (F) was prepared. Absorption of light by DPA results in very efficient intracoil sensitization of the 1 F* state. The quantum efficiency (χ) of this process has been estimated as 0.75 in dimethylformamide (DMF) and 0.95 in 5:1 DMF/H 2 O. The increase in χ in this latter solvent mixture is ascribed to the diminished polymer coil size in this poorer solvent. Analysis of the time dependence of fuorescence suggests a combined static and dynamic quenching of 1 (DPA)* by energy transfer. Studies of 1 (DPA)* and 1 (F)* fluorescence quenching by DABCO corroborate this model.
Long Term Effect of Curcumin in Regulation of Glycolytic Pathway and Angiogenesis via Modulation of Stress Activated Genes in Prevention of Cancer (2014)

Oxidative stress, an important factor in modulation of glycolytic pathway and induction of stress activated genes, is further augmented due to reduced antioxidant defense system, which promotes cancer progression via inducing angiogenesis. Curcumin, a naturally occurring chemopreventive phytochemical, is reported to inhibit carcinogenesis in various experimental animal models. However, the underlying mechanism involved in anticarcinogenic action of curcumin due to its long term effect is still to be reported because of its rapid metabolism, although metabolites are accumulated in tissues and remain for a longer time. Therefore, the long term effect of curcumin needs thorough investigation. The present study aimed to analyze the anticarcinogenic action of curcumin in liver, even after withdrawal of treatment in Dalton's lymphoma bearing mice. Oxidative stress observed during lymphoma progression reduced antioxidant enzyme activities, and induced angiogenesis as well as activation of early stress activated genes and glycolytic pathway. Curcumin treatment resulted in activation of antioxidant enzyme super oxide dismutase and down regulation of ROS level as well as activity of ROS producing enzyme NADPH:oxidase, expression of stress activated genes HIF-1α, cMyc and LDH activity towards normal level. Further, it lead to significant inhibition of angiogenesis, observed via MMPs activity, PKCα and VEGF level, as well as by matrigel plug assay. Thus findings of this study conclude that the long term effect of curcumin shows anticarcinogenic potential via induction of antioxidant defense system and inhibition of angiogenesis via down regulation of stress activated genes and glycolytic pathway in liver of lymphoma bearing mice.
Metabolomic and <sup>13</sup>C‐metabolic flux analysis of a xylose‐consuming <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> strain expressing xylose isomerase (2014)

Over the past two decades, significant progress has been made in the engineering of xylose-consuming Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains for production of lignocellulosic biofuels. However, the ethanol productivities achieved on xylose are still significantly lower than those observed on glucose for reasons that are not well understood. We have undertaken an analysis of central carbon metabolite pool sizes and metabolic fluxes on glucose and on xylose under aerobic and anaerobic conditions in a strain capable of rapid xylose assimilation via xylose isomerase in order to investigate factors that may limit the rate of xylose fermentation. We find that during xylose utilization the flux through the non-oxidative Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) is high but the flux through the oxidative PPP is low, highlighting an advantage of the strain employed in this study. Furthermore, xylose fails to elicit the full carbon catabolite repression response that is characteristic of glucose fermentation in S. cerevisiae. We present indirect evidence that the incomplete activation of the fermentation program on xylose results in a bottleneck in lower glycolysis, leading to inefficient re-oxidation of NADH produced in glycolysis.
Glucosylated Glycerophosphoethanolamines are the Major LDL Glycation Products and Increase LDL Susceptibility to Oxidation (2000)

Glycation of both protein and lipid components is believed to be involved in LDL oxidation. However, the relative importance of lipid and protein glycation in the oxidation process has not been established, and products of lipid glycation have not been isolated. Using glucosylated phosphatidylethanolamine (Glc PtdEtn) prepared synthetically, we have identified glycated diacyl and alkenylacyl species among the ethanolamine phospholipids in LDL. Accumulation of these glycation products in LDL incubated with glucose showed a time- and glucose concentration-dependent increase. LDL specifically enriched with Glc PtdEtn (25 nmol/mg protein) showed increased susceptibility to lipid oxidation when dialyzed against a 5-micromol/L Cu(2+) solution. The presence of this glucosylated lipid resulted in a 5-fold increase in production of phospholipid-bound hydroperoxides and 4-fold increase in phospholipid-bound aldehydes. Inclusion of glucosylated phosphatidylethanolamine in the surface lipid monolayer of the LDL resulted in rapid loss of polyunsaturated cholesteryl esters from the interior of the particle during oxidation. Glycated ethanolamine phospholipids were also isolated and identified from atherosclerotic plaques collected from both diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. The present findings provide direct evidence for the previously proposed causative effect of lipid glycation on LDL oxidation.