gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applications of Insect Cell Gene Expression in Pharmaceutical Research (2020)

Proteins that require extensive modifications for in vivo activity will need to be analyzed extensively prior to use as therapeutics, vaccines, or pharmacologic agents. In summary, the baculovirus expression system is a valuable resource for pharmaceutical research projects to produce vaccines, therapeutic proteins and research tools. The engineered FG gene encodes the first 489 amino acids of the F glycoprotein, including the signal sequences but lacking the carboxyl terminal anchor region. Genes from plants, fungi, viruses, bacteria, and animals have been expressed and found to be active when produced in infected insect cells. The protein is composed of three domains, a 319 amino acid extracellular domain containing seven potential glycosylation sites, a 21 amino acid transmembrane domain, and a 217 amino acid cytoplasmic domain. Tissue plasminogen activator became a model enzymatically active glycoprotein to evaluate in insect cells.
Iron Promotes the Survival and Neurite Extension of Serum-starved PC12 Cells in the Presence of NGF by Enhancing Cell Attachment (2003)

Delayed death of serum-starved PC12 cells on a poly-L-lysine (PLL) matrix was observed, even in the presence of NGF. NGF blocked the apoptotic death of attached but not detached cells, which suggests that delayed death may be related to cell detachment from the PLL matrix. Iron selectively blocked this anoikis-like death by increasing cell attachment. Interestingly, the addition of > 10 microM FeCl2 to the culture medium generated gelatinous iron precipitates, and the removal of the precipitates abolished the iron effect. Attachment experiments using poly-HEMA supported the role of iron precipitates on cell-to-matrix adhesion. The expression of integrin beta1, neither N-cadherin nor alpha/beta-catenin, was also significantly increased by iron. In addition to its effect on cell viability, iron promoted the outgrowth of neurites. Our results collectively indicate that iron functions as a necessary co-element for NGF by enhancing cell attachment, survival, and neurite extension.
Analysis of the Temporal Relationship between Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Quasispecies in Sequential Blood Samples and Various Organs Obtained at Autopsy (1998)

We studied the temporal relationship between human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1) quasispecies in tissues and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of infected individuals. Sequential PBMC and tissue samples from various organs obtained at autopsy from three patients who died of AIDS-related complications were available for analysis. Biological HIV-1 clones were isolated from PBMC samples, and cellular tropism and syncytium-inducing (SI) capacity were determined. Genomic DNA was isolated from 1 cm3 of organ tissue, and proviral DNA was amplified by means of PCR and cloned with the PGEM-T vector system. A 185-bp region encompassing the third variable domain of the virus envelope, known to influence HIV-1 biological properties, was sequenced. HIV-1 could be amplified from all PBMC and organ samples, except from liver tissue for two patients. Both SI and non-syncytium-inducing (NSI) genotypes could be detected in the different tissues. Tissue-specific quasispecies were observed in brain, lung, and testis. Lymphoid tissues, such as bone marrow, lymph node, and spleen, harbored several different variants similar to those detected in blood in the last PBMC samples. In general, only tissues in which macrophages are likely to be the main target cell for HIV-1 harbored NSI HIV-1 sequences that clustered separately. Both SI and NSI sequences that clustered with sequences from late-stage PBMC were present in other tissues, which may indicate that the presence of HIV-1 in those tissues is secondary to lymphocyte infiltration rather than to tissue tropism of HIV-1 itself. These data suggest that the viral reservoir may be limited, which will have important implications for the success of HIV-1 eradication.
A Manufacturing Cost Analysis Relevant to Single- and Dual-Junction Photovoltaic Cells Fabricated with III-Vs and III-Vs Grown on Czochralski Silicon (2013)

This study examines the current, mid-term, and long-term manufacturing costs for III-Vs deposited by traditional Metal Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy.
Beam Tuning Strategy of the FRIB Linac Driver (2012)

The FRIB linac driver will deliver heavy ion beams up to uranium, with beam energy of 200 MeV/u and total power on target 400 kW. In the design, multi-charge-state beams are accelerated simultaneously in the SRF linac to reach the power requirements for all stable ions. Beam tuning of the linac driver is among the most challenging tasks. In this paper, we discuss beam tuning strategy including cavity synchronous phase and acceleration gradient setups, beam trajectory correction, and transverse matching for heavily coupled beams as superconducting solenoids are used for transverse focusing in the linac segments that cause horizontal-vertical coupling.
A novel approach for the identification of efficient combination therapies in primary human acute myeloid leukemia specimens (2017)

Appropriate culture methods for the interrogation of primary leukemic samples were hitherto lacking and current assays for compound screening are not adapted for large-scale investigation of synergistic combinations. In this study, we report a novel approach that efficiently distills synthetic lethal interactions between small molecules active on primary human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) specimens. In single-dose experiments and under culture conditions preserving leukemia stem cell activity, our strategy considerably reduces the number of tests needed for the identification of promising compound combinations. Initially conducted with a selected library of 5000 small molecules and 20 primary AML specimens, it reveals 5 broad classes of sensitized therapeutic target pathways along with their synergistic patient-specific fingerprints. This novel method opens new avenues for the development of AML personalized therapeutics and may be generalized to other tumor types, for which in vitro cancer stem cell cultures have been developed.
Consumer buying behavior on the Internet: Findings from panel data (2000)

Online retailing became big business in late 1998, as millions of people placed orders for holiday gifts online and retailers scrambled to upgrade their distribution networks to cope with the growth (Cyberatlas.com, 1999). Companies planning for the growth of online retailing need reliable estimates of the growth of online shopping. Data about online consumer purchasing behavior are also needed to help companies define their online retail strategies for Web site design, online advertising, market segmentation, product variety, inventory holding, and distribution. Forecasts are more likely to be reliable if they are based on the behavior of online consumers, rather than consumers' stated intentions, or worse, the guesses offered by Web marketing "experts".
Effect of postcirculatory-arrest life-support on neurological recovery in monkeys (1980)

The existence of treatable postischemic (PI) changes which influence neurological outcome has been documented by this group before. A global brain ischemia model without cardiac arrest was developed in monkeys. It includes high-pressure neck tourniquet inflation plus hypotension for a reproducible ischemic insult; survival with reproducible neurological deficit (ND) under continuous PI life-support for 7 days with control of extracranial variables; and new ND and histopathological damage scoring systems. Hypoxemia, hypercarbia, hypotension, uremia, sepsis, and other extracranial complications PI in 50 unsatisfactory experiments led to immediate worsening in ND and brain death (ND = 100%) in most of these monkeys. In contrast, all monkeys with the same initial insult, with life-support according to protocol, survived with a 7 day ND of 60% or less. In 46 experiments of seven treatment groups, after 16 or 18 min ischemia, life support was according to protocol for 7 days. The control 1 protocol (spontaneous breathing when feasible) resulted in a mean 7-day ND score of 53% (including quadriplegia). Immobilization with pancuronium and controlled ventilation ameliorate deficit to an ND score of 19% (P less than 0.05) (including quadriparesis); this became control 2 protocol. Immobilization resulted in less neuronal damage in the neocortex. Severe repetitive hypertension worsened ND to 46%, versus 19% in controls (P less than 0.05). In separate series, neither heparinization over 72 hours PI, nor hemodilution to hematocrit 25% with dextran 40, changed final ND significantly from that of their control groups. Histopathological damage scores correlated with ND scores.
A Highly Efficient Parallel Algorithm for H.264 Video Encoder (2006)

In this paper, a highly efficient parallel algorithm of H.264 encoder is proposed. This algorithm fully exploits all data dependencies for maximal compression and the best reconstructed quality. Furthermore, this new method achieves the optimal compression at a frame rate that increases approximately linearly as the number of parallel processing elements (Z. Zhao and P. Liang). Both the encoding speed and compression efficiency are improved compared to previous approaches. This paper also gives the relation between the number of parallel processing elements and the theoretical encoding time and the relation between the number of processors and the number of concurrently processed frames. Our simulation results show that this algorithm can also achieve the optimal encoding quality as a sequential processing encoder provided by Joint Video Team (JVT)
ADDITION OF DIAZOMETHANE TO 3 AND 4-NITROPHTHALODINITRILES (1998)

The reaction of two nitrophthalodinitriles with diazomethane is described.If the nitro group is at position 3, only one of the two nitrile functions reacts giving three isomeric N-methyl 1,2,3-triazoles.In contrast, if the nitro group is at position 4, both nitriles react, each producing a 2-N-methyl 1,2,3-triazole.The reactivity was accounted for in terms of electronic densities, which were determined for several nitrile compounds.Interestingly, for 4-nitrophthalodinitrile, original methylation of the aromatic ring at position 5 was also observed.
Polyprenylated Benzophenones from<i> Garcinia</i> <i>a</i><i>ssigu</i> and Their Potential Cancer Chemopreventive Activities (2003)

In a further study on the chemical constituents of Garcinia assigu, two new benzophenones corresponding to the 13-O-methyl ethers (1 and 2) of the known isogarcinol and garcinol, respectively, were isolated and characterized, along with known benzophenones (3-6). Inhibitory effects of the benzophenones isolated from this plant on Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in Raji cells and their radical-scavenging ability against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were demonstrated. The cyclized polyprenylbenzophenones (1-5) showed comparable or stronger potential cancer chemopreventive activity when compared to glycyrrhetic acid, a known anti-tumor promoter.
Activation by Gene Amplification of <i>pitB</i> , Encoding a Third Phosphate Transporter of <i>Escherichia coli</i> K-12 (2001)

Two systems for the uptake of inorganic phosphate (P(i)) in Escherichia coli, PitA and Pst, have been described. A revertant of a pitA pstS double mutant that could grow on P(i) was isolated. We demonstrate that the expression of a new P(i) transporter, PitB, is activated in this strain by a gene amplification event.
Transformer and Inductor Design Handbook (2011)

With its practical approach to design, Transformer and Inductor Design Handbook, Fourth Edition distinguishes itself from other books by presenting information and guidance that is shaped primarily by the user’s needs and point of view. Expanded and revised to address recent industry developments, the fourth edition of this classic reference is re-organized and improved, again serving as a constant aid for anyone seeking to apply the state of the art in transformer and inductor design. Carefully considering key factors such as overall system weight, power conversion efficiency, and cost, the author introduces his own new equation for the power handling ability of the core, intended to give engineers faster and tighter design control. The book begins by providing the basic fundamentals of magnetics, followed by an explanation of design using the Kg or Ap techniques. It also covers subjects such as laminations, tape cores, powder cores and ferrites, and iron alloys. In addition, new topics include: Autotransformer design Common-mode inductor design Series saturable reactor design Self-saturating magnetic amplifier Designing inductors for a given resistance With the goal of making inductors that are lighter and smaller but still meet requirements, this book helps users avoid many antiquated rules of thumb, to achieve a better, more economical design. Presenting transformer design examples with step-by-step directions and numerous tables and graphics for comparison, it remains a trusted guide for the engineers, technicians, and other professionals who design and evaluate transformers and inductors. It also serves as an ideal primer for students, illustrating the field for them from the ground up.
A novel automatic color transfer algorithm between images (2006)

Abstracts A color transfer algorithm between images intends to modify the colors in the source image by borrowing the color characteristics from the target image. In this paper, we present a novel automatic color transfer algorithm between images. This algorithm is able to proceed on color transfer with no user intervention, and produce visually plausible resultant images. To the best of our knowledge, our algorithm is the first to achieve this kind of automation. Our technique consists of an image segmentation algorithm, a swatch merging algorithm, and a pattern recognition algorithm. The image segmentation algorithm generates a number of swatches with different features in the source and target images. The swatch merging algorithm merges a particular swatch with its neighbors in the source image when it fails to pass the normality test. The pattern recognition algorithm then automatically matches these swatches for color transfer. We develop a boundary transition algorithm to make possible a consistent transition between two boundaries of patches. Experimental results demonstrate that, without any user intervention, our technique performs color transfer results with good visual realism. The technique is superior to the original user‐intervention color transfer algorithm.
Nonlinear cutting stock problem model to minimize the number of different patterns and objects (2008)

In this article we solve a nonlinear cutting stock problem which represents a cutting stock problem that considers the minimization of, both, the number of objects used and setup.We use a linearization of the nonlinear objective function to make possible the generation of good columns with the Gilmore and Gomory procedure.Each time a new column is added to the problem, we solve the original nonlinear problem by an Augmented Lagrangian method.This process is repeated until no more profitable columns is generated by Gilmore and Gomory technique.Finally, we apply a simple heuristic to obtain an integral solution for the original nonlinear integer problem.
Photoprotective and anti-skin-aging effects of eicosapentaenoic acid in human skin in vivo (2006)

Skin aging can be attributed to photoaging (extrinsic) and chronological (intrinsic) aging. Photoaging and intrinsic aging are induced by damage to human skin attributable to repeated exposure to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and to the passage of time, respectively. In our previous report, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was found to inhibit UV-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression in human dermal fibroblasts. Therefore, we investigated the effects of EPA on UV-induced skin damage and intrinsic aging by applying EPA topically to young and aged human skin, respectively. By immunohistochemical analysis and Western blotting, we found that topical application of EPA reduced UV-induced epidermal thickening and inhibited collagen decrease induced by UV light. It was also found that EPA attenuated UV-induced MMP-1 and MMP-9 expression by inhibiting UV-induced c-Jun phosphorylation, which is closely related to UV-induced activator protein-1 activation, and by inhibiting JNK and p38 activation. EPA also inhibited UV-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression without altering COX-1 expression. Moreover, it was found that EPA increased collagen and elastic fibers (tropoelastin and fibrillin-1) expression by increasing transformin growth factor-beta expression in aged human skin. Together, these results demonstrate that topical EPA has potential as an anti-skin-aging agent.
Embedded joint source-channel coding of speech using symbol puncturing of trellis codes (1999)

This paper presents an embedded joint source-channel coding scheme of speech. The source coder is an embedded variable bit rate perceptually based sub-band coder producing bits with different error sensitivities. The channel encoder is a rate compatible punctured trellis code (RCPT) which permits rate variability and unequal error protection by puncturing symbols. Furthermore, RCPT code design naturally incorporates large constellations, allowing high information rate per symbol. The embedded speech coder and the rate compatible puncturing of symbols provide the embeddibility of the joint coding scheme. The coder is robust to acoustic noise and produces good quality speech for a wide range of channel conditions (AWGN or fading), allowing digital transmission of speech with analog-like graceful degradation.
New vaccines against tuberculosis (2004)

In September 2000, recognizing the effect of communicable diseases as obstacles to development in poorer countries, the European Commission assembled a special round table on 'accelerated action targeted at major communicable diseases within the context of poverty reduction'. The three major communicable diseases discussed were tuberculosis (TB), malaria and HIV. One outcome of this discussion was a workshop examining issues related to the fight against TB in Africa, which took place in Gorée, Sénégal, in May 2001. The timing was propitious, as new vaccines for TB (recombinant MVA and BCG, and adjuvanated recombinant fusion proteins or peptide constructs), are just beginning to enter human clinical trials. All but the last of these have shown promise in animal models, up to and including non-human primates, and all are strongly immunogenic and apparently safe. Humans trials for safety and efficacy are thus the logical next step. This review summarizes recent advances in tuberculosis vaccine development, with a special emphasis on issues raised at the Gorée meeting about testing and deploying new generation vaccines in TB-endemic areas such as Africa.
Analisando divergências na história do esporte: O debate sobre o salvamento no mar (2012)

Resumo: O debate sobre salvamento no mar foi organizado, em parte, como um reconhecimento da necessidade de atacar algumas das questoes levantadas pela virada cultural. Esta introducao apresenta os parâmetros para o debate, assim como uma breve sintese da discussao epistemologica na subdisciplina historia do esporte. Palavras-Chave: historia do esporte, salvamento no mar, virada ANALYZING DISPUTES IN SPORT HISTORY: THE SURF LIFESAVING DEBATE Abstract: The surf lifesaving debate has been organized, in part, as recognition of the need to grapple with some of the issues raised by the cultural turn. This introduction presents some parameters for the debate, as well as a short resume of the epistemological discussion in the subdiscipline of sport history. Keywords: sport history, history, surf lifesaving
Noninvasive Measurement of Bacterial Intracellular pH on a Single-Cell Level with Green Fluorescent Protein and Fluorescence Ratio Imaging Microscopy (2002)

We show that a pH-sensitive derivative of the green fluorescent protein, designated ratiometric GFP, can be used to measure intracellular pH (pHi) in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial cells. In cells expressing ratiometric GFP, the excitation ratio (fluorescence intensity at 410 and 430 nm) is correlated to the pHi, allowing fast and noninvasive determination of pHi that is ideally suited for direct analysis of individual bacterial cells present in complex environments.
Inhibition of Lipid Peroxidation by Dihydroquinoline-Type Antioxidant (CH 402) (1988)

The in vitro effect of a non-toxic, water soluble, low molecular weight, stable dihydroquinoline-type antioxidant, CH 402 (Na (2,2-dimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline-4-yl)-methane sulphonic acid) was studied on free radical reactions in brain subcellular fractions. Experiments were performed using rat and mouse brain homogenate and microsomal fractions. Non-enzymatically induced lipid peroxidation by ascorbic acid was studied in correlation with ascorbic acid and CH 402 concentrations and incubation time. Malondialdehyde production during lipid peroxidation was measured by the thiobarbituric acid test. In a concentration range of 10(-2)-10(-5) M CH 402 dose-dependently inhibited the ascorbic acid induced in vitro lipid peroxidation in mouse and rat brain subcellular fractions.
Polarization dependences of surface plasmon bands and surface-enhanced Raman bands of single Ag nanoparticles (2003)

Polarization dependences of Rayleigh and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) were measured for individual Ag nanoparticles on which Rhodamine 6G molecules were adsorbed. It was found that the polarization dependencies of surface plasmon bands generated by the aggregation of SERS active Ag particles are well synchronous to those of Raman bands. This result strongly supports the recent electromagnetic SERS model that amplified electric field at particle junctions localized in the aggregate gives rise to SERS.
Intranasal Medication Delivery for Children: A Brief Review and Update (2010)

With the exception of oral medications, most traditional forms of drug delivery outside the operating suite require an injection with a needle-a process that is painful and anxiety-provoking, risks needle stick injury, and consumes valuable staff time. In addition, intravenous access in pediatrics may be difficult for inexperienced providers. Intranasal medication delivery offers an alternative method of drug delivery that is often as fast in onset as intravenous medication, usually painless, inexpensive, easy to deliver, and effective in a variety of acute pediatric medical conditions. This article briefly reviews the most common uses for intranasal medication delivery in pediatrics: pain control, anxiolysis, and seizure control.
Interactions between RSV Infection, Asthma, and Atopy (2002)

In this issue, Culley et al. ([1][1]) present findings from an infant mouse model of respiratory syncitial virus (RSV) infection, which provides a new perspective on the pathogenesis of RSV-mediated lung disease in early life. RSV is one of the most common respiratory pathogens encountered in
High risk factors of brain metastases in 295 patients with advanced breast cancer (2013)

Our results strongly suggest that factors such as Luminal B, triple-negative, and HER2-enriched subtypes are high risk factors for brain metastases. These data, therefore, provide pivotal clinical evidence towards a comprehensive understanding of the risk factors of brain metastases in advanced breast cancer patients.