gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inheritance of Leaf Epicuticular Wax Content in Rice (1992)

Leaf epicuticular wax (EW) is a trait related to drought resistance. Epicuticular wax content is low in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) relative to other crops, but great differences among rice cultivars have been observed, as great as 100%. Traditional drought‐resistant upland rices have relatively higher EW content than modern irrigated lowland rices. Our objective was to determine the inheritance of leaf EW content and the prospects for increasing EW levels in improved cultivars. Field, screenhouse, and phytotron experiments were conducted to quantify the EW content in eight rice cultivars. Gas‐liquid chromatography was used to measure EW in parents, F 1 progeny of an eight parent diallel crass, and two F 2 populations. Area under the three highest GLC peaks, corresponding to C 29 , C 33 , and C 35 hydrocarbons, accounted for > 90% of EW content. General combining ability effects were highly significant and specific combining ability effects were non significant. Broad‐sense and narrow‐sense heritability were 0.77 and 0.62, respectively. In an F 2 population from a cross between highand Iow‐EW parents, EW showed a normal distribution. Few recombinants had EW equal to that of the high wax parent, suggesting polygenic inheritance. While EW is a stable and heritable trait, the F 2 data indicate that selection on an individual‐plant basis in early generations would not be very effective. Furthermore, measurement is too difficult to be done on large populations and should be confined to identifying promising parents for hybridization.
Efficient 3D grids for image reconstruction using spherically-symmetric volume elements (1995)

Incorporation of spherically-symmetric volume elements (blobs), instead of the conventional voxels, into iterative image reconstruction algorithms, has been found in our previous studies to lead to significant improvement in the quality of the reconstructed images. Furthermore, for three-dimensional (3D) positron emission tomography the 3D algebraic reconstruction technique using blobs can reach comparable or even better quality than the 3D filtered backprojection method after only one cycle through the projection data. The only shortcoming of the blob reconstruction method is an increased computational demand, because of the overlapping nature of the blobs. In our previous studies the blobs were placed on the same 3D simple cubic grid as used for voxel basis functions. For spherically-symmetric basis functions there are more advantageous arrangements of the 3D grid, enabling a more isotropic distribution of the spherical functions in the 3D space and a better packing efficiency of the image spectrum. Our studies confirmed that, when using the body centered cubic grid, the number of grid points can be effectively reduced, decreasing the computational and memory demands while preserving the quality of the reconstructed images.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[Effect of flavonoids of ginkgo biloba on anti-oxidizing system of mice after acute alcohol administration]. (2005)

Flavonoid of ginkgo biloba have some protective effects on the damage of anti-oxidizing system of mice induced by acute alcohol adminstration.
Oxidation of Linoleic Acid in Low-Density Lipoprotein: An Important Event in Atherogenesis (2000)

Contrary to earlier views the main oxidation products of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) are derived from linoleic acid and not arachidonic acid, as determined by GC/MS investigations of the in vitro oxidation of LDL samples. A similar product spectrum, in which epoxyhydroxyoctadecenoic acids such as 1 and 2 have been identified for the first time, is obtained from minimally oxidized (that is, aged) LDL. Since this is still recognized by the LDL receptor, it is concluded that toxic oxidation products are introduced in endothelial cells in vivo and cause damage there.
Solubility and Activity Coefficients of Acidic and Basic Nonelectrolytes in Aqueous Salt Solutions. 1. Solubility and Activity Coefficients of <i>o</i>-Phthalic Acid and <scp>l</scp>-Cystine in NaCl(aq), (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>NCl(aq), and (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>4</sub>NI(aq) at Different Ionic Strengths and at <i>t</i> = 25 °C (2005)

The solubility of o-phthalic acid and l-cystine was determined at following concentrations: NaCl(aq) (0.1 to 4.5) mol·L-1, (CH3)4NCl(aq) (0.1 to 3) mol·L-1, (C2H5)4NI(aq) (0.1 to 1) mol·L-1 and in pure water. The solubility trend is (C2H5)4NI > (CH3)4NCl > NaCl for o-phthalic acid and NaCl > (CH3)4NCl > (C2H5)4NI for l-cystine. Setschenow constants and activity coefficients of neutral species were calculated from these data. The different trends shown by o-phthalic acid and l-cystine are discussed.
T cells bind to cytokine-activated endothelial cells via a novel, inducible sialoglycoprotein and endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1. (1990)

Abstract The action of human rIL-1 beta on confluent, quiescent monolayers of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) has been studied for the induction of new membrane proteins. Two approaches have been taken. The first is a quantitative two-dimensional gel analysis of [35S]cysteine-labeled membrane proteins of HUVEC with and without cytokine treatment. This analysis indicates that there are a restricted number of new membrane proteins synthesized in the first 6 h of IL-1 treatment, on the order of 19 out of a total of over 600 detectable proteins. Second, we have prepared two mAb (1E7 and 2G7) to different epitopes of a major inducible sialoglycoprotein with molecular mass of 114 kDa and an isoelectric point of 4.6 to 4.8. These antibodies were compared with two additional antibodies, 3B7 and 7A9, which were shown to react with the endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1) protein as expressed in COS cells. The 1E7/2G7 protein is distinct from ELAM-1, based upon biochemical comparisons as well as the inability of the 1E7 and 2G7 antibodies to react with ELAM-1-transfected COS cells. The protein defined as 1E7/2G7 is neither expressed constitutively nor in an inducible manner on PBMC, granulocytes, platelets, fibroblasts, or keratinocytes. The 7A9 and 3B7 antibodies are shown to block granulocyte binding to IL-1-activated HUVEC. The 2G7 antibody is effective at inhibiting the binding of T cells but not granulocytes to IL-1-activated endothelium, suggesting this new protein is an adhesion protein that may be active in vivo in T cell-endothelial cell adhesion-related events such as inflammation or lymphocyte recirculation. In addition, T cells were shown to utilize the ELAM-1 protein in binding to cytokine-activated HUVEC. Antibodies directed to both proteins had additive effects on inhibition of T cell adhesion.
Multi-objective evolutionary recurrent neural network ensemble for prediction of computational fluid dynamic simulations (2014)

Using a surrogate model to evaluate the expensive fitness of candidate solutions in an evolutionary algorithm can significantly reduce the overall computational cost of optimization tasks. In this paper we present a recurrent neural network ensemble that is used as a surrogate for the long-term prediction of computational fluid dynamic simulations. A hybrid multi-objective evolutionary algorithm that trains and optimizes the structure of the recurrent neural networks is introduced. Selection and combination of individual prediction models in the Pareto set of solutions is used to create the ensemble of predictors. Five selection methods are tested on six data sets and the accuracy of the ensembles is compared to the converged computational fluid dynamic data, as well as to the delta change between two flow conditions. Intermediate computational fluid dynamic data is used for training and the method presented can produce accurate and stable results using a third of the intermediate data needed for convergence.
Interlayer perpendicular domain coupling between thin Fe films and garnet single-crystal underlayers (2004)

The magnetic behavior and domain structure of Fe films grown on yttrium–iron–garnet (YIG) underlayers were studied to elucidate their interlayer coupling, as a function of the Fe layer thickness, using magnetic force microscopy (MFM) and magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE). The YIG layer, grown by liquid phase epitaxy on single crystal gadolinium–gallium–garnet (GGG) substrates, showed a characteristic stripe domain structure in MFM images. Fe layers with thickness values of (5, 10, and 20 nm) were separately deposited on the YIG layer using ion beam sputtering system at room temperature. MOKE measurements of Fe/YIG/GGG with different Fe thickness showed that Fe films preferred to be magnetized perpendicular to the surface when the thickness was less than 20 nm. Stripe domain structure was observed for Fe thickness of 5 and 10 nm, but not for 20 nm film. Micromagnetic simulations of these Fe/YIG bilayers show that the volume exchange stiffness term at the interface plays a dominant role, when compared with the bilinear and biquadratic coupling contributions, in determining the interlayer coupling.
Isolation and Characterization of a Thymic Factor (1972)

A protein was isolated from bovine thymus that was shown to accelerate the appearance of hemolysin to sheep erythrocytes in neonatal mice. The isolation procedure consisted of saline homogenization, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and methanol precipitation, followed by chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-cellulose and two chromatographies on Sephadex G-150. The protein was shown to be homogeneous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by sedimentation velocity and sedimentation equilibrium analytical ultracentrifugation. The molecular weight was determined to be 79,950. Additional physical and chemical characteristics were also determined.
Embedded space-time coding for wireless broadcast (2002)

An embedded space-time coding method is proposed for wireless broadcast applications. In the proposed system, a transmitter sends out multi-layer source signals by encoding different layers with different space-time codes. Then, the receiver can retrieve different amount of information depending on the number of antennas. The receiver with only one antenna can decode only the base layer information with a low complexity, while the receiver with more antennas can retrieve more layers of information. We derive an analytic bound on the error probability, and show both analytic and experimental results in this work.
Hierarchical Power Distribution With Power Tree in Dozens of Power Domains for 90-nm Low-Power Multi-CPU SoCs (2007)

Hierarchical power distribution with a power tree has been developed. The key features are a power-tree structure with three power-tree management rules and a distributed common power domain implementation. The hierarchical power distribution supports a fine-grained power gating with dozens of power domains, which is analogous to a fine-grained clock gating. Leakage currents of a 1 000 000-gate power domain were effectively reduced to 1/4000 in multi-CPU SoCs with minimal area overhead
Contact Metamorphosed Ultramafic Rocks in the Western Sierra Nevada Foothills, California (1974)

Within the western Sierra Nevada metamorphic belt, linear bodies of alpine-type ultramafic rock, now composed largely of serpentine minerals, parallel the regional strike and commonly coincide with major fault zones. Within this metamorphic belt, east of Sacramento, California, ultramafic rocks near a large mafic intrusion, the Pine Hill Intrusive Complex, have been emplaced during at least two separate episodes. Those ultramafic rocks, evidently unaffected by the Pine Hill Intrusive Complex and composed largely of serpentine minerals, were emplaced along a major fault zone after emplacement of the Pine Hill Intrusive Complex. Those ultramafic rocks, contact metamorphosed by the Pine Hill Intrusive Complex, show a zonation of mineral assemblages as the igneous contact is approached: olivine+antigorite+chlorite +tremolite+Fe-Cr spinel↑ olivine+talc+chlorite+tremolite+Fe-Cr spinel ↑ olivine+anthophyllite+chlorite+tremolite+Fe-Cr spinel ↑ olivine+orthopyroxene+aluminous spinel+hornblende+Fe-Cr spinel. Superimposed on these mineral assemblages are abundant secondary minerals (serpentine minerals, talc, chlorite, magnetite) which formed after contact metamorphism. Correlation of observed mineral assemblages with the experimental systems, MgO-SiO2-H2O and MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O suggests an initial contact temperature of 775±25 °C for the Pine Hill Intrusive Complex assuming Ptotal ≃Pfluid ≃PH2O. The pressure acting on the metamorphic rock during emplacement of the intrusion is estimated to be a minimum of 1.5 kb.
Graphical user interface for blackbody control (2009)

Extended blackbody radiation sources are routinely used for calibrating radiometric instruments in the mid-wave and long-wave infrared bands. Commercial blackbody sources often offer a communications link to allow a standard PC to control and monitor the blackbody radiation source by sending commands to the blackbody controller. The purpose of this project was to develop a software suite in Matlab to communicate with commercial blackbodies to allow the temperatures to be set either manually or automatically with respect to the ambient temperature. The software was expanded to record cavity and set temperatures over time in order to evaluate the stability of the blackbodies and controller over a wide range of operational settings.
<i>APOE</i> genotype is a major predictor of long-term progression of disability in MS (2001)

The APOE epsilon4 allele is associated with significantly faster progression of disability in MS. This is the first genetic factor to be identified with a major impact on the progression of disability in this disease.
Quantum Optical Waveform Conversion (2011)

Proposals for long-distance quantum communication rely on the entanglement of matter-based quantum nodes through optical communications channels, but the entangling light pulses have poor temporal behavior in current experiments. Here we show that nonlinear mixing of a quantum light pulse with a spectrally tailored classical field can compress the quantum pulse by more than a factor of 100 and flexibly reshape its temporal waveform while preserving all quantum properties, including entanglement. Our scheme paves the way for quantum communication at the full data rate of optical telecommunications.
Bulk modes in silicon crystal silicon (2011)

Bulk dilation modes in rectangular plates of particular orientations in single crystal silicon are found to have distinct advantages over to those in isotropic materials. Finite element modeling using an anisotropic model reveals plates aligned to the <;110> direction in (100) silicon have modes which offer excellent capacitive coupling and good isolation to the supports. Low impedance and high Q are predicted for select geometries. Experimental results are included, showing a 100-MHz resonator having an unloaded Q of 90,000, which demonstrate an f-Q product of ~1×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">13</sup> .
First observation of luminosity-driven extraction using channeling with a bent crystal (1998)

Luminosity-driven channeling extraction has been observed for the first time using a 900 GeV circulating proton beam at the superconducting Fermilab Tevatron. The extraction efficiency was found to be about 30%. A 150 kHz beam was obtained during luminosity-driven extraction with a tolerable background rate at the collider experiments. A 900 kHz beam was obtained when the background limits were doubled. This is the highest energy at which channeling has been observed.
The gibberellin‐induced, cysteine‐rich protein GIP2 from <i>Petunia hybrida</i> exhibits <i>in planta</i> antioxidant activity (2006)

Numerous GAST-like genes have been identified in various plant species. All code for small proteins with a conserved C-terminal region in which 12 cysteines are located in exactly the same positions. We have previously identified five gibberellin (GA)-induced GAST1-like genes in petunia, GIP1-5. GIP2 is expressed in elongating zones, and its suppression in transgenic petunia plants inhibits stem elongation, suggesting a role for the protein in GA-induced cell growth. However, nothing is known about the biochemical activity of GIP2 or any other GAST-like protein. As all contain putative catalytic disulfide bonds (putative redox-active cysteines), we speculated that they might be involved in redox regulation. Expression analysis of GIP2, GIP4 and GIP5 revealed that they are induced by H(2)O(2). To study whether GIP2 modulates H(2)O(2) levels, we generated transgenic petunia plants expressing GIP2 under the regulation of the ubiquitous CaMV 35S promoter. The transgene reduced H(2)O(2) levels in leaves following wounding. It also reduced the levels of H(2)O(2) in guard cells following osmotic stress and ABA treatments, leading to the suppression of stomatal closure. In addition, the transgene promoted stem and corolla elongation. As reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in cell elongation, we suggest that GIP2 affects growth by regulating the levels of ROS. As all known GAST-like proteins contain putative redox-active cysteines, they may all act as antioxidants.
The Mutation Met121→His Creates a Type‐1.5 Copper Site in <i>Alcaligenes denitrificans</i> Azurin (1996)

The Cu ligand Met121 in azurin of Alcaligenes denitrificans was mutated to His. The spectroscopic and mechanistic properties of [M121H]azurin appear to be pH dependent with a pKa of 3.8 due to the ionization of His121. The [M121H]azurin mutant exhibits two major distinct metal-site-coordination geometries which coexist in solution according to pH-dependent equilibrium. Both species have been spectroscopically characterized by ultraviolet-visible, EPR and resonance Raman spectroscopies. At neutral pH, His121 is deprotonated and acts as the fourth ligand of the Cu; the spectroscopic characteristics of the Cu site at this pH are halfway between those of a type-1 and a type-2 Cu site, and the site is referred to as a type-1.5 or intermediate Cu site. The spectral data are compatible with a tetrahedral geometry of this site. At low pH, the spectroscopic data indicate that [M121H]azurin has a trigonal type-1 rhombic Cu site.
The Uncoupling Protein 1 Gene (UCP1) Is Disrupted in the Pig Lineage: A Genetic Explanation for Poor Thermoregulation in Piglets (2006)

Piglets appear to lack brown adipose tissue, a specific type of fat that is essential for nonshivering thermogenesis in mammals, and they rely on shivering as the main mechanism for thermoregulation. Here we provide a genetic explanation for the poor thermoregulation in pigs as we demonstrate that the gene for uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) was disrupted in the pig lineage. UCP1 is exclusively expressed in brown adipose tissue and plays a crucial role for thermogenesis by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. We used long-range PCR and genome walking to determine the complete genome sequence of pig UCP1. An alignment with human UCP1 revealed that exons 3 to 5 were eliminated by a deletion in the pig sequence. The presence of this deletion was confirmed in all tested domestic pigs, as well as in European wild boars, Bornean bearded pigs, wart hogs, and red river hogs. Three additional disrupting mutations were detected in the remaining exons. Furthermore, the rate of nonsynonymous substitutions was clearly elevated in the pig sequence compared with the corresponding sequences in humans, cattle, and mice, and we used this increased rate to estimate that UCP1 was disrupted about 20 million years ago.
A Survey on Privacy Protection of Blockchain: The Technology and Application (2020)

As a kind of point-to-point distributed public ledger technology, blockchain has been widely concerned in recent years. The privacy protection of blockchain technology has always been the core issue of people's attention. In this paper, some existing solutions to the current problems of user identity and transaction privacy protection are surveyed, including coin mixing mechanism, zero knowledge proof, ring signature and other technologies. Secondly, five typical applications of privacy protection technology based on blockchain are proposed and analyzed, which are mainly divided into technology applications based on coin mixing protocol, encryption protocol, secure channel protocol and so on. Finally, in view of the shortages of the existing blockchain privacy protection technology, we explore future research challenges that need to be studied in order to preserve privacy in blockchain system, and looks forward to the future development direction.
Computational Observer Design Techniques in Linear Systems with Unknown Inputs using the Concept of Transmission Zeros (1992)

In this paper we present computational observer design techniques for linear systems subject to unknown inputs. Complete and intuitive geometric conditions for the solution of the problem are provided, which result in design matrix equations. These design equations are solved computationally efficient. The synthesis of the reduced-order observer takes full advantage of the concept of transmission zeros. In particular, the presented necessary and sufficient conditions are provided in terms of the transmission zeros of the triple (A,D,C).
Throwing Event Detection using Acceleration Magnitude collected with Wrist-Worn Sensors (2020)

Recent advancements to reduce rates of injury and pain related to pitching include the release of “Pitch Smart” guidelines that specify the number of pitches per day and required rest recommendations for youth and high school baseball players. However, monitoring pitch counts for adherence to these guidelines requires significant human resources for tracking individuals throughout training and games. The availability of low-cost tools that can monitor and report pitch count and cumulative loads have the potential to improve adherence to pitch count guidelines, reduce the burden of monitoring on coaching staff, and reduce the chances of injury. In this work, acceleration datasets collected using a wrist-worn sensor during throwing events are explored as a method to identify throwing events. The detection algorithm, using a 18g threshold and 3 second window, identified 100% of the 161 pitching events from 8 participants, with only 1 false-positive. This supports that using acceleration datasets from wrist-worn sensors may be an effective method to identify and count throwing & pitching events.