gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polylactide (PLA) designed with desired end‐use properties: 1. PLA compositions with low molecular weight ester‐like plasticizers and related performances (2008)

Abstract Polylactide (PLA) is an attractive candidate for replacing petrochemical polymers because it is biodegradable and produced from annually renewable resources. Characterized by high tensile strength, unfortunately the brittleness and rigidity of PLA limit its applicability. For a great number of applications such as packaging, fibers, films, etc., it is of high interest to formulate new grades with improved flexibility and better impact properties. In this objective, a specific PLA grade (L/D isomer ratio of 96:4, high molecular weight) was melt‐mixed with selected plasticizers: bis(2‐ethylhexyl) adipate (DOA), glyceryl triacetate (GTA), and tributyl O ‐acetylcitrate (TBAC). Their effect on the molecular, thermal, and mechanical properties of PLA was investigated for content up to 20 wt% plasticizer and the results were correlated with a particular attention to the relationship between property and application. Using the solubility and interaction parameters, a tentative evaluation of the product that could act as the most effective plasticizer for PLA has been performed and the obtained results have been corroborated with the materials physical properties. Excellent mechanical performances were obtained using the plasticizer having the lowest molecular mass (GTA) and the best interaction parameter. In relation to plasticizer amount/nature, the glass transition temperature of PLA (62°C) is decreased by plasticizing by more than 30°C, whereas better impact properties and lower stiffness are measured. The optimal formulations targeted to the final applications are clearly characterized by specific end‐use properties: improved crystallization rates (PLA‐DOA); high elongation at break and tensile strength (PLA‐GTA, PLA‐TBAC), medium to high impact properties (PLA‐DOA, PLA‐GTA) compositions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Karl-Heintz Göttert. Einführung in die Rhetorik. In the series UTB Sprachund Literaturwissenschaft 1599. Munich: Wilhelm Fink Verlag. 1991. Pp. 240. DM 24,80 (softcover). (1993)

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Butadiene-Styrene Resinous Copolymers (1951)

Abstract Although high-styrene resins have become of great commercial importance during the past 5 years (approximately 25,000,000 pounds manufactured in 1949), comparatively little information on the polymerization processes or any systematic review of their properties can be found in the technical literature. The object of the present paper is to supply such information. A series of butadiene-styrene copolymers with charging ratios of 50/50, 40/60, 30/70, 20/80, and 10/90 was prepared. Polystyrene, prepared under the same conditions, was included as a control. Properties of the latexes and resins obtained, presented in a systematic manner, were found to be largely dependent on the monomer ratio employed in the polymerization. for the first time a coherent picture is presented of the entire plastic range of the styrene-butadiene resins. This should encourage the further development of this large and expanding field, which includes such applications as natural and synthetic rubber reinforcing, impact resistant compositions, protective coatings, and latex paints.
Hyperbranched Polyynes:  Syntheses, Photoluminescence, Light Refraction, Thermal Curing, Metal Complexation, Pyrolytic Ceramization, and Soft Magnetization (2004)

Homopolycouplings of aryltriynes Ar(C⋮CH)3 and their copolycouplings with monoyne Ar‘C⋮CH are effected by CuCl in air under Glaser-Hay oxidative coupling conditions, giving soluble hyperbranched polyynes (hb-PYs). Hyperbranched poly[tris(4-ethynylphenyl)amine] emits bright blue light (λem = 440 nm) and shows high light refractivity (n = 1.770−1.861). Its peripheral terminal triple bonds can be 100% end-capped by aromatic rings via palladium-catalyzed coupling with aryliodides. The carbon-rich polyynes are readily curable (from ∼150 °C), thermally stable (Td up to ∼550 °C), and pyrolytically carbonizable (Wr up to ∼80% at 900 °C). Complexations with cobalt carbonyls metallify the hb-PYs, and ceramizations of the cobalt−polyyne complexes afford soft ferromagnetic materials with high magnetizability (Ms up to ∼118 emu/g) and low coercivity (Hc down to ∼0.045 kOe).
Continuous bed motion acquisition on a whole body combined PET/CT system (2004)

The continuous motion of the patient bed during the acquisition of PET data represents an alternative to the standard step and shoot protocol where a sequence of discrete, overlapping steps are performed. This PET acquisition mode, similar to the whole body CT scan in which the patient bed moves continuously through the scanner has significant advantages, including uniform axial signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), elimination of resolution artifacts by sampling continuously in the axial direction and a reduction in noise from detector normalization. We have implemented and evaluated continuous bed motion acquisition on the combined PET/CT scanner (CPS Innovations, Knoxville, TN). Methods: Emission data were acquired in list mode format with the bed moving at a constant velocity. The position of the bed was recorded in a separate file together with the current event count. The list mode data were then rebinned into sinograms and reconstructed using the same routines applied to reconstruct the standard images. Each sinogram corresponded to an axial plane thickness of 2.4 mm. Phantom data were acquired with both the standard discrete, overlapping steps and with continuous movement of the bed. Data were collected for a whole body phantom containing lesions carefully positioned in the overlap region between two bed positions to specifically emphasize the effect of the improved SNR. Results: The continuous movement of the patient bed resulted in a uniform axial SNR, improving lesion detectability in the bed overlap region. The continuous axial sampling allowed the 10mm lesion in the whole body phantom to have 45% improvement in contrast compared to the step and shoot acquisition. Patient studies demonstrated improved detectability due to finer axial sampling and uniform SNR.
Bioactive bone cement: The effect of amounts of glass powder and histologic changes with time (1995)

Abstract A study was conducted to examine the influence of the amount of glass powder added to a bioactive bone cement of our formula on its mechanical and biologic properties. Serial changes in the cement with time were also examined. The bioactive bone cement consisted of CaO‐SiO 2 P 2 O 5 CaF 2 glass powder and bisphenol‐ a ‐glycidyl methacrylate resin. Glass powder was added to the cement in 30, 50, 70, and 80% weight ratios. The compressive strengths of the resulting cements (171–239 MPa) were more than double that of polymethylmethacrylate cement (68 MPa). Histologic examination of rat tibiae bearing artificial defects packed with each bioactive cement showed direct bone contact 4 weeks after surgery. The cement with a higher percentage of glass powder showed better direct formation of bone around its periphery with a thicker reactive layer. Under scanning electron microscopic observation, the reactive layer showed increased levels of calcium and phosphorus. Examination of histologic changes up to 26 weeks showed progressive bone formation around the cement and no sign of biodegradation. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Dual-sided lithography: a method for evaluating alignment accuracy (1992)

We describe a method for measuring the accuracy of aligners used to align lithographic patterns on opposite sides of a substrate (back-to-front aligners). The method, with minor modifications, can also be used as an aid in performing back-to-front alignments. The method is based on interferometric principles, is insensitive to manufacturing errors, and is simple to implement. The version described in this paper is fabricated by using binary optics technology and can measure the accuracy of aligners to +/-0.2 microm.
Nosocomial infection: update. (1983)

A preceptor program on nosocomial infection is offered at the Tuskegee VA Medical Center every six months. It is the only program of this type offered by any VA hospital. Enrollees include infection-control officers from regional hospitals who attend lectures and demonstrations covering a broad range of related issues. It is now accepted that such preceptorships, by increasing awareness of the risk factors and understanding of available preventive controls, can reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections.Up to 5 percent of the 40 million patients admitted to US hospitals each year are compromised by an infection acquired during the hospital stay. This leads to 70,000 deaths per year. The urinary tract is the origin of 40 percent of all nosocomial infections, and surgical wounds account for another 25 percent. Pneumonia is the culprit in 15 percent of cases. Primary bacteremias make up only 4 percent of nosocomial infections, but the mortality is 30 to 50 percent.Staphylococci and gram-negative bacilli, especially E coli, are the common organisms found in hospital-acquired infections. Opportunistic pathogens such as Pseudomonas, Serratia, Candida, and a host of others, including Legionella, are found in debilitated patients.
In Vivo Antimalarial Activities of Mono- and Bis Quaternary Ammonium Salts Interfering with <i>Plasmodium</i> Phospholipid Metabolism (2003)

We previously showed that quaternary ammonium salts have potent antimalarial activities against the blood stage of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. In the present study, 13 compounds of this series were comparatively assessed in murine in vivo malarial models. Mice infected with Plasmodium berghei were successfully treated with 11 quaternary ammonium salts in a 4-day suppressive test with a once-daily intraperitoneal administration. The dose required to decrease parasitemia by 50% (ED(50)) ranged from 0.04 to 4.5 mg/kg of body weight. For six mono- and three bis-quaternary ammonium salts, the therapeutic indices (i.e., 50% lethal dose and ED(50)) were higher than 5, and at best, around 20 to 30 for five of them (E6, E8, F4, G5, and G25), which is comparable to that of chloroquine under the same conditions. Plasmodium chabaudi was significantly more susceptible to G5, G15, and G25 compounds than P. berghei. Similar therapeutic indices were obtained, regardless of the administration mode or initial parasitemia (up to 11.2%). Parasitemia clearance was complete without recrudescence. Subcutaneously administered radioactive compounds had a short elimination half-life in mice (3.5 h) with low bioavailability (17.3%), which was likely due to the permanent cationic charge of the molecule. The high in vivo therapeutic index in the P. chabaudi-infected mouse model and the absence of recrudescence highlight the enormous potential of these quaternary ammonium salts for clinical malarial treatment.
Design of a stealth wind turbine (2012)

A hybridization method of Geometrical Optics and Physical Optics (POGO) has been developed to calculate the radar cross section (RCS) of electrically large targets. The GO technique takes high order interactions into account while the PO technique allows to get rid of caustics problems. This hybrid technique is well suited to calculate the field radiated by meteorological radars and backscattered by wind turbines. These radars, having to estimate the clouds speed by calculating the Doppler effects, are very sensitive to moving targets as explained in [1].
Flow cytometer in the infrared: Inexpensive modifications to a commercial instrument (2005)

A commercial instrument could be modified to accommodate an IR laser for exciting dyes that fluoresce in the IR region. This new capability will extend the range of fluorescence that can be measured by flow cytometry.
Bak Conformational Changes Induced by Ligand Binding: Insight into BH3 Domain Binding and Bak Homo-Oligomerization (2012)

Recently we reported that the BH3-only proteins Bim and Noxa bind tightly but transiently to the BH3-binding groove of Bak to initiate Bak homo-oligomerization. However, it is unclear how such tight binding can induce Bak homo-oligomerization. Here we report the ligand-induced Bak conformational changes observed in 3D models of Noxa·Bak and Bim·Bak refined by molecular dynamics simulations. In particular, upon binding to the BH3-binding groove, Bim and Noxa induce a large conformational change of the loop between helices 1 and 2 and in turn partially expose a remote groove between helices 1 and 6 in Bak. These observations, coupled with the reported experimental data, suggest formation of a pore-forming Bak octamer, in which the BH3-binding groove is at the interface on one side of each monomer and the groove between helices 1 and 6 is at the interface on the opposite side, initiated by ligand binding to the BH3-binding groove.
Toroid Joining Gun (1985)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The Toroid Joining Gun is a low cost, self-contained, portable low powered (100-400 watts) thermoplastic welding system developed at Langley Research Center for joining plastic and composite parts using an induction heating technique. The device developed for use in the fabrication of large space structures (LSST Program) can be used in any atmosphere or in a vacuum. Components can be joined in situ, whether on earth or on a space platform. The expanded application of this welding gun is in the joining of thermoplastic composites, thermosetting composites, metals, and combinations of these materials. Its low-power requirements, light weight, rapid response, low cost, portability, and effective joining make it a candidate for solving many varied and unique bonding tasks.</div>
36.2: Low Temperature Poly‐Si TFTs on Plastic Substrate Using Surface Free Technology by Laser Ablation/Annealing (SUFTLA™) (2000)

Abstract A novel technology that makes it possible to transfer thin film devices from an original substrate to another by using laser ablation/annealing has been investigated. Low‐temperature poly‐Si TFTs firstly fabricated on quartz or glass substrates can be transferred onto plastic substrates without any degradation. By using this technique, a trial TFT‐LCD device was successfully transferred onto a plastic substrate and the operation of its driver circuits was confirmed.
Fermentation of [14 C]Lactose in Broiler Chicks by Cecal Anaerobes (1992)

Volatile fatty acids and lactic acid were products of [14C]lactose metabolism in 10-day-old broiler chicks. The [14C]lactose and unlabeled lactose were given to chicks in combination with cultures of cecal anaerobes (direct fed microbials) from adult broiler chickens. Aliquots of these cecal anaerobes had been used previously to reduce Salmonella typhimurium colonization in broiler chicks. In the current study, chicks were treated with anaerobes and anaerobes plus lactose on the day of hatch. Chicks given lactose plus anaerobes also received unlabeled lactose in the drinking water. Chicks in all treatment groups received [14C]lactose on Day 10 posthatch. After 5 h, most of the radiolabel was detected in the foregut and intestine. Significantly lower concentrations of [14C]lactic acid were detected in the serum and foregut of chicks given anaerobes and anaerobes plus lactose than in the similar samples from control chicks. Additionally, significantly less [14C]lactic acid was detected in the feces of chicks treated with anaerobes plus lactose than in feces from control chicks and chicks receiving only anaerobes. Significant differences in the total content of volatile fatty acids and lactic acid were detected in the serum, liver, intestine, and ceca of chicks treated with anaerobes or anaerobes plus lactose. These data indicate that cecal flora utilize lactose to produce volatile fatty acids and lactic acid.
Immunosenescence of ageing (2007)

Ageing is a complex process that negatively impacts the development of the immune system and its ability to function. The mechanisms that underlie these age-related defects are broad and range from defects in the haematopoietic bone marrow to defects in peripheral lymphocyte migration, maturation and function. The thymus is a central lymphoid organ responsible for production of naïve T cells, which play a vital role in mediating both cellular and humoral immunity. Chronic involution of the thymus gland is thought to be one of the major contributing factors to loss of immune function with increasing age. It has recently been demonstrated that thymic atrophy is mediated by a shift from a stimulatory to a suppressive cytokine microenvironment. In this review we present an overview of the morphological, cellular and biochemical changes that have been implicated in the decline of thymic and peripheral immune function with ageing. We conclude with the clinical implications of age-associated immunosenescence to vaccine development for tumours and infectious disease. A fundamental understanding of the complex mechanisms by which ageing attenuates immune function will enable translational research teams to develop new therapies and vaccines specifically aimed at overcoming these defects in immunological function in the aged.
Alabama and West Florida (1956)

Even before the Alabama Territory came into being, the inhabitants of the area north of West Florida coveted the land which lies west of the Apalachicola River. As early as 1811 two hundred sixty three residents of the Mississippi Territory petitioned the Congress of the United States to add West Florida to their jurisdiction. Not only would this give the territory sufficient population for admission to statehood, they asserted, but it would promote the interests of the people of both sections. After pointing out that many of the rivers of the Mississippi country flowed through West Florida, the petitioners stated that “where Nature fixes the boundaries of a state, there ought to be its limits when they do not conflict with its real and substantial interests.” They trusted that the gentlemen of the congress would see the situation in the same light.
A novel cram of reconfigurable patch antenna using RF MEMS (2013)

Over the past three decades, Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) have provided advancements in different fields of electronics. MEMS technology also enabled microwave and antenna engineers to produce some existing and novel radio-frequency components resulting as a new research field, namely RF MEMS. The use of MEMS technology for RF and microwave applications promises to solve many limitations, RF MEMS can reduce manufacturing cost, size, weight, and improve performance and battery life. In terms of performance, MEMS can provide low-loss switching and tuning of microwave circuits with higher dynamic range, lour cost, and greater flexibility than the competing techniques. In this paper we proposed a reconfigurable patch Antenna structures using MEMS switches. This concept leads to reduction in space and multiple functionality from a single antenna structure.
Engineering for Dairy and Food Products (1964)

Engineering for dairy and food products , Engineering for dairy and food products , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
PEBP2/CBF, the murine homolog of the human myeloid AML1 and PEBP2 beta/CBF beta proto-oncoproteins, regulates the murine myeloperoxidase and neutrophil elastase genes in immature myeloid cells. (1994)

The myeloperoxidase (MPO) and neutrophil elastase genes are expressed specifically in immature myeloid cells. The integrity of a polyomavirus enhancer core sequence, 5'-AACCACA-3', is critical to the activity of the murine MPO proximal enhancer. This element binds two species, myeloid nuclear factors 1 alpha and 1 beta (MyNF1 alpha and -beta), present in 32D cl3 myeloid cell nuclear extracts. The levels of the MyNF1s increase during early 32D cl3 cell granulocytic differentiation. Both MyNF1 alpha and -beta supershift with an antiserum raised by using a peptide derived from the N terminus of polyomavirus enhancer-binding protein 2/core-binding factor (PEBP2/CBF) alpha subunit. The specific peptide inhibits these supershifts. In vitro-translated PEBP2/CBF DNA-binding domain binds the murine MPO PEBP2/CBF site. An alternate PEBP2/CBF consensus site, 5'-GACCGCA-3', but not a simian virus 40 enhancer core sequence, 5'-TTCCACA-3', binds the MyNF1s in vitro and activates a minimal murine MPO-thymidine kinase promoter in vivo. The murine neutrophil elastase gene 100-bp 5'-flanking sequences contain several functional elements, including potential binding sites for PU.1, C/EBP, c-Myb, and PEBP2/CBF. The functional element 5'-GGCCACA-3' located at positions -66 to 72 differs from the PEBP2/CBF consensus (5'-PuACCPuCA-3') only by an A-to-G transition at position 2. This DNA element binds MyNF1 alpha and -beta weakly. The N terminis of two PEBP2/CBF alpha subunit family members, PEBP2 alpha A and PEBP2 alpha B (murine AML1), are nearly identical, and 32D c13 cl3 cells contain both corresponding mRNAs. Since t(8;21), t(3;21), and inv(16), associated with myeloid leukemias, disrupt subunits of PEBP2/CBF, we speculate that the resulting oncoproteins, AML1-ETO, AML1-EAP, AML1-Evi1, and CBF beta-MYH11, inhibit early myeloid differentiation.
Crystal structure and magnetic properties of Permalloy films sputtered by mixed Ar-N/sub 2/ gases (1992)

The crystallographic and magnetic properties of 1- mu m-thick Permalloy films sputtered by mixed argon and nitrogen gases have been investigated. These films are composed of
Correlation between angiogenesis and basic fibroblast growth factor expression in experimental brain infarct. (1994)

The spatial and temporal correlation between bFGF expression and angiogenesis in conjunction with the well-known biological properties of bFGF suggest that bFGF produced by neurons, macrophages, and glial cells may participate in angiogenesis in brain infarct.
Use of clotrimazole/betamethasone diproprionate by family physicians. (2000)

The frequent use by family physicians of clotrimazole/betamethasone diproprionate in high-risk settings is of concern. Use of alternative agents with anti-inflammatory and antifungal properties without the risks associated with the use of high-potency topical corticosteroids may be the most practical approach to replacing use of clotrimazole/betamethasone diproprionate.
Strategies for adaptive radiotherapy: towards clinically efficient workflows (2016)

Adaptive radiotherapy (ART) aims to adapt the treatment plan to account for inter-fraction anatomical variations, based on online acquired images. However, ART workflows are not –yet– routinely used in clinical practice, primarily due to the dramatic increase of the workload required and the inadequate understanding of optimal methods to maximise clinical benefit. This thesis reports on investigations of procedures for the automation of the ART process and the identification of optimal adaptation methodologies.\n Investigated auto-segmentation algorithms were found insufficient for an automated workflow, while a hybrid deformable image registration (DIR), incorporating both intensity based and feature-based components, revealed the most accurate and robust performance. An evaluation method was proposed for interfraction treatment monitoring through dose accumulation following DIR. The robustness of several treatment methods to observable anatomical changes were investigated, highlighting cases whereby substantial dosimetric consequences may arise.\n Offline ART workflows were explored, specifically investigating the effects of treatment monitoring frequency, adaptation method (simple re-plan or re-optimisation addressing cumulative dose), and adaptation timing. Contrary to simple re-planning, re-optimisation demonstrated its ability to compensate for under-/over-dose, however, non-uniform dose distributions and hot-spots may be generated. Therefore established planning techniques are applicable for re-planning while advanced approaches are required for treatment re-optimisation accounting for radiobiological consequences.