gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SR-IOV Based Network Interrupt-Free Virtualization with Event Based Polling (2013)

Along with the developments of networking and virtualization technologies, high speed network connections have become one of the key components in cloud computing and data-centers. Single-Root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV) enhances the network throughput to the extent of becoming close to the line rate and achieving high scalability in the 10Gbps and higher network environments. However, the overhead of SR-IOV interrupt virtualization remains significant due to some additional trap-and-emulation overhead on the virtual interrupt controller. The higher the virtualization network connection is, the higher the interrupt frequency becomes through high bandwidth network. To mitigate this problem, we propose a smart Event-Based Polling model (sEBP), which leverages existing system events to trigger a regular packet polling such that network interrupts are eliminated from the critical I/O paths in the virtual environment. Due to the many varieties of system events, sEBP can deal with the network workload in a configurable and flexible manner. Based on a hierarchical virtualized environment, it can also be implemented either at the guest OS kernel level or at the Virtual Machine Manager (VMM) level. Since polling is much lighter than interrupt processing, sEBP significantly reduces the network processing overhead. The experimental results prove the efficiency of sEBP, which can achieve up to a 59% performance improvement and a 23% improved scalability ratio.
Tunnel-valve and spin-valve structures with in situ in-stack bias (2003)

Summary form only given. As recording densities increase above 100 Gbit/in/sup 2/, read sensor trackwidth must be reduced below 0.2 /spl mu/m. To improve sensor operation, it is necessary to develop alternatives to traditional contiguous junction hard bias stabilization schemes. One such alternative consists of an in-stack magnetic bias layer deposited in close proximity to the sensor layer. Upon trackwidth definition, this results in a magnetostatic bias coupling at the sensor edges. For in-stack bias to be effective, several aspects must be optimized. (1) The bias layer must be as close as possible to the sensor free layer to increase the biasing effect. (2) Any direct ferromagnetic coupling between free and bias layer across a spacer layer must be minimized. (3) The bias layer must be well pinned and oriented perpendicular to the tunnel-valve pinned layer. To achieve these goals, we have studied bottom-PtMn spin-valve and tunnel valve structures of the type Ta/PtMn/CoFe/(Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ or Cu)/CoFe/NiFe/Ta/CoFe/IrMn/Ta deposited in situ in a single process by magnetron sputtering. Ta thicknesses between 10 and 30 /spl Aring/ have been used to decouple the bias layer from the free layer, and IrMn is used to pin the bias layer magnetization.
Developmental changes in distribution of NMDA receptor channel subunit mRNAs (1992)

In situ hybridization analyses have revealed drastic changes in expression and distribution of five subunit mRNAs of the mouse NMDA receptor channel during brain development. The epsilon 1 subunit mRNA is expressed postnatally and widely in the brain. On the other hand, the epsilon 2 subunit mRNA is found throughout the entire embryonic brain, but its expression becomes restricted to the forebrain at postnatal stages. The epsilon 3 subunit mRNA appears postnatally and predominantly in the cerebellum, whereas the epsilon 4 subunit mRNA is abundantly expressed in the diencephalon and the brainstem at embryonic and neonatal stages. In contrast, the zeta 1 subunit mRNA distributes ubiquitously in the brain throughout development. These findings suggest that changes in the subunit composition of the NMDA receptor channel take place during brain development.
Organolithium-Induced Alkylative Ring Opening of Aziridines:  Synthesis of Unsaturated Amino Alcohols and Ethers (2006)

Organolithium-induced alkylative ring opening of N-sulfonyl-protected aziridinyl ethers is described. The reactions were efficiently carried out with a variety of organolithiums, providing a promising new strategy to unsaturated amino alcohols and ethers. Cis- and trans-1,4-dimethoxybut-2-ene-derived aziridines were prepared, and their propensity to undergo organolithium- induced alkylative desymmetrization is detailed. Use of a single enantiomer of the latter aziridine provides a route to enantiopure unsaturated amino ethers.
New Trends in Food Allergens Detection: Toward Biosensing Strategies (2015)

Food allergens are a real threat to sensitized individuals. Although food labeling is crucial to provide information to consumers with food allergies, accidental exposure to allergenic proteins may result from undeclared allergenic substances by means of food adulteration, fraud or uncontrolled cross-contamination. Allergens detection in foodstuffs can be a very hard task, due to their presence usually in trace amounts, together with the natural interference of the matrix. Methods for allergens analysis can be mainly divided in two large groups: the immunological assays and the DNA-based ones. Mass spectrometry has also been used as a confirmatory tool. Recently, biosensors appeared as innovative, sensitive, selective, environmentally friendly, cheaper and fast techniques (especially when automated and/or miniaturized), able to effectively replace the classical methodologies. In this review, we present the advances in the field of food allergens detection toward the biosensing strategies and discuss the challenges and future perspectives of this technology.
Bedside Placement of Inferior Vena Cava Filters in the Intensive Care Unit (1999)

The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility, cost-effectiveness, and complications of bedside placement of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters in the intensive care unit (ICU) in the trauma patient. A prospective trial involving 25 trauma patients admitted to Memorial Regional Hospital (Hollywood, Florida), a Level I trauma center, from April 1997 to April 1998, meeting the criteria for insertion of a prophylactic IVC filter according to Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma trauma practice guidelines was conducted. IVC filters were placed in the ICU with the use of a digital C-arm (Siemens) and strict adherence to sterile technique. Renal vein anatomy and size of the IVC were documented for every case. Charges for equipment and supplies were analyzed and compared with those placed in the radiology suite and the operating room. Of 810 patients admitted as trauma alerts during the study period, 25 had an IVC filter placed at the bedside in the ICU. The indications for filter placement included a contraindication to anticoagulation and one of the following: severe pelvic fracture and/or associated long-bone fracture (32%); bilateral lower extremity fractures (28%); spinal cord injury with para- or quadriplegia (16%); femoral vein thrombosis (16%); and severe brain injury (8%). There were no intraoperative nor postoperative complications; overall mortality was 20 per cent, unrelated to the IVC filter placement. Average time for insertion was 47 minutes for the series and 20 minutes for the last five cases. Savings of $1844 or $2245 per filter are obtained when IVC filters are placed in the ICU when compared with the operating room or radiology suite, respectively. Bedside placement of IVC filters in the ICU is a safe, cost-effective method that can be performed without compromising the patient and avoids the potential disasters involved in transporting critically ill patients.
Side chain hydroxylation of cholesterol, campesterol and β-sitosterol in rat liver mitochondria (1976)

The extent of the side chain hydroxylation of cholesterol, campesterol (24 alpha-methylcholesterol), and beta-sitosterol (24 alpha-ethylcholesterol) in rat liver mitochondria has been compared. Two beta-sitosterol metabolites, tentatively identified by liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography, combined with radioactivity detection, and gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry as the 26- and 29-hydroxy derivatives, were formed in the proportion 1:1. The sum of 26-hydroxy- and 29-hydroxy-beta-sitosterol obtained amounted only to about one-fourth of the yield of 26-hydroxycholesterol. Campersterol appeared to give rise only to 26-hydroxycampesterol (tentatively identified), which was formed in similar yields as 26-hydroxycholesterol (0.2-0.4%). The formation of 29-hydroxy-beta-sitosterol but not of 28-hydroxycampesterol indicates that the omega-hydroxylation of the steroid side chain is dependent on the length of the side chain. Cholesterol gave rise to identifiable amounts of a 25-hydroxy derivative but the formation of 25-hydroxy derivatives of beta-sitosterol and campesterol could not be established with certainty. 24-hydroxycholesterol was also found to be formed in the mitochondrial system. The ratio between the yields of 26- and 25-hydroxychoelsterol ranged between 2 and 3, and that between 26- and 24-hydroxycholesterol was about 10.
Genetic and seasonal variation in the sinapine content of seed from <i>Brassica</i> and <i>Sinapis</i> species (1998)

Seeds of 25 strains and cultivars of five Brassica species, (B. rapa, B. nigra, B. napus, B. juncea, B. carinata) and Sinapis alba field grown at Saskatoon in 1990 and 1991 were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for sinapine content. Significant genetic variation of sinapine content per seed was found among the species tested. The variation in sinapine content per seed was much greater than for sinapine concentration of oil-free meal. Sinapine content per seed was positively correlated with seed size. The interaction of species and year was only significant for sinapine content per seed (α = 0.05). Variation in sinapine concentration of oil-free meal was mainly due to genetic variability, and environmental effects were relatively small. Thus, it should be possible to select for low sinapine in the Brassica oilseed crops, merely by selecting for low sinapine concentration of oil-free meal. Key words: Sinapine content, genetic variability, environmental effect, Brassica species, Sinapis alba
Continuous Facial Nerve Monitoring during Pleomorphic Adenoma Recurrence Surgery (2005)

Routine use of CFNM during RPA surgery improves the surgical outcome. The facial nerve deficit can be reduced, and the recovery of facial nerve function is faster.
Development of the Pop-Up Engine Hood for Pedestrian Head Protection (2009)

The Pop-up Engine helps makes it possible for automobile designers to help reduce head injury during pedestrian impact while maintaining streamlined hood design. Some countries have adopted pedestrian protection regulation and there is an on-going discussion in the United Nations WP29 about Global Technical Regulations (GTR) and there is a possibility such regulations may be enhanced in the future. Many car manufacturers have been planning to improve pedestrian safety by various technical applications. In general, pedestrian head protection is achieved by creating space between the hood (which is deformable) and the engine component (which is not). However, this concept is difficult to apply to some vehicles, especially low engine hood vehicles, such as coupes and sport cars. The Pop-up Engine Hood System which has recently been used in mass production vehicles in Japan may help with this issue. The system and its key technologies are outlined including: effectiveness of injury reduction mechanism (evaluated using CAE analysis and tests) when a pedestrian contacts directly above or near the actuator, which lifts up the hood; a technique to help reduce the dispersion of head injury due to hood vibration during the hood raising process; and human kinematics during system operation evaluated by using Polar-II dummy (currently available as a pedestrian full scale dummy), and human body FE model. The full text of this paper may be found at: http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/esv/esv21/09-0067.pdf For the covering abstract see ITRD E145407.
Trajectory Sampling With Unreliable Reporting (2008)

We define and evaluate methods to perform robust network monitoring using trajectory sampling in the presence of report loss. The first challenge is to reconstruct an unambiguous set of packet trajectories from the reports on sampled packets received at a collector. In this paper we extend the reporting paradigm of trajectory sampling to enable the elimination of ambiguous groups of reports, but without introducing bias into any characterization of traffic based on the surviving reports. Even after the elimination, a proportion of trajectories are incomplete due to report loss. A second challenge is to adapt measurement based applications (including network engineering, path tracing, and passive performance measurement) to incomplete trajectories. To achieve this, we propose a method to join multiple incomplete trajectories for inference, and analyze its performance. We also show how applications can distinguish between packet and report loss at the statistical level.
Geotechnical hazards to urban development (1981)

The purpose of this paper is to list hazards to urban development which arise from geotechnical causes, to suggest their relative importance in New Zealand, to indicate how they may be detected and evaluated, and how the risks can be reduced.
Nondestructive Testing of Graphite Fiber Composite Structures (1970)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper discusses nondestructive testing (NDT) methods and techniques for detection of material and manufacturing anomalies in state-of-the-art graphite composites. Introduction of composites into large-scale production depends in large measure on the successful application of NDT for process control and monitoring. Visual, liquid-penetrant, radiographic, ultrasonic, sonic, thermal, and acoustic-emission NDT methods are used to evaluate graphite fiber composite aircraft specimens and structures. Reference standards are fabricated with built-in discontinuities, commensurate with each structural article fabricated. The test specimens and parts were tested by various methods in order to determine optimum discontinuity detection. Tests were conducted on research and development graphite composite aircraft structures consisting of (1) molded graphite flap ribs, (2) graphite composite flap assembly, and (3) graphite composite horizontal stabilizer assembly.</div>
Methylnaltrexone for Opioid-Induced Constipation in Advanced Illness (2008)

Subcutaneous methylnaltrexone rapidly induced laxation in patients with advanced illness and opioid-induced constipation. Treatment did not appear to affect central analgesia or precipitate opioid withdrawal. (Clinical Trials.gov number, NCT00402038 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).
Mammary epithelial differentiation in vitro: minimum requirements for a functional response to hormonal stimulation. (1991)

Mammary epithelial differentiation is the culmination of responses to a complex sequence of hormonal stimuli. An in vitro model for this process should retain the basic features of in vivo epithelial differentiation. The IM-2 mouse mammary cell line responds to lactogenic hormone stimulation by synthesizing the milk protein beta-casein. Epithelial and fibroblastic clones derived from IM-2 lack this ability, but cocultures of these clones regain responsiveness to lactogenic hormone stimulation. Studies of the epithelial cell clone 31E under various culture conditions reveal that the role of fibroblastic cells in supporting synthesis and secretion of beta-casein can be supplanted by culture in filter chambers without addition of exogenous extracellular matrix components. Electron microscopic and immunofluorescence studies show that, under these conditions, 31E epithelial cells exhibit the morphology and intercellular organization characteristic of mammary epithelium. Transepithelial electrical resistance measurements indicate that the cells are well polarized. Analysis of glucose metabolism is consistent with this polarization; glucose is utilized from the basal chamber, and lactate is excreted into the basal chamber. Immunoblot analysis demonstrates the vectorial protein secretion expected of polarized mammary epithelium: laminin is secreted into the basal chamber, whereas beta-casein is secreted into the apical chamber in response to lactogenic hormone stimulation from the lower chamber. Thus, the maintenance of a polarized intercellular organization that permits access of the basolateral cell surface to nutrients is sufficient for a pure culture of an established mammary epithelial cell clone to retain differentiated epithelial function in vitro.
A Transistor Trigger Circuit (1949)

Analysis of the characteristic curves of transistors shows that the negative resistance necessary to the functioning of a trigger circuit exists in the base circuit of a transistor. A trigger circuit may therefore be formed by inserting a resistance of proper magnitude in series with the base. Such a circuit has the advantages over vacuum-tube circuits of much shorter triggering time, simplicity, small size, absence of filament power supply, and low operating voltage. The rise and fall times of the output voltage are less than 0.1 microsecond and the circuit is stable from zero triggering frequency up to the maximum frequency used. Although the circuit has been tested only up to 1 Mc, an upper limit of at least 10 Mc is probable. An output voltage of 5 or 6 volts may be readily obtained. Like other types of trigger circuit, the transistor circuit may be converted into a relaxation oscillator or a pulse generator.
Testing Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt Function (1980)

The author has developed a noninvasive device to determine the patency of cerebrospinal fluid shunts. The device uses the principle of thermal transfer and equipment that can easily be adapted to available recording apparatuses. The results of testing shunt patency in 46 patients are discussed. (Neurosurgery, 6: 649-651, 1980)
Gene expression in mineralizing chick epiphyseal cartilage. (1988)

To map transcriptional events associated with mineralization in developing long bones, we have established protocols for preparing RNA from regions of chick epiphyseal cartilage. Using these RNA preparations, we have probed for appearance of mRNA coding for type I, II, and X collagen, as well as osteonectin and calmodulin. Type II collagen mRNA was found in proliferating cartilage and, in lower amounts, in hypertrophic/calcifying cartilage. Type X mRNA was absent from proliferating cartilage and present in hypertrophic/calcifying cartilage at steady state levels slightly lower than that of type II mRNA. Type I mRNA was the major collagen mRNA species in endochondral bone; however, significant amounts of type X mRNA were also found. Examination of type X/type II ratios suggest that the cells producing type X mRNA in bone are different from those in the hypertrophic/calcifying cartilage region. Osteonectin mRNA was present in endochondral bone; however, significant amounts were also detected in precalcified cartilage. Indeed, the level of osteonectin mRNA was significantly higher in the resting/proliferating region than in the hypertrophic/calcifying region of the cartilage. No correlation was observed between calmodulin mRNA and the development of mineralization; levels of this message were slightly lower in endochondral bone, embryonic sterna, and calvaria than they were in chick liver and considerably lower than the calmodulin mRNA levels in chick brain.
Synthesis of Pyrazolone Derivatives. I (1956)

As a possible intermediate for the preparation of antipyrine derivatives of therapeutic value, 4-f ormylantipyrine was prepared by treating antipyrine either with dirnethylformamide or formyl methylanilide in the presence of phosphoryl chloride. The yields were 88.1% and 53.2%, respectively. As an aldehyde, this compound condensed with malonic acid, nitromethane, hippuric acid, and diketopiperazine with separation of water. However, benzoin and Cannizzaro type of reactions failed to give the expected compounds, (VI) and (VII) being the chief products, respectively. Several other derivatives of 4-formylantipyrine were also prepared, none of which, however, showed properties of any interest from physiological view point.
Renovascular Disease and Renal Complications of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Therapy (1990)

Renal complications of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor therapy are widely recognized, but few authors have documented the incidence or spectrum of these conditions. In a retrospective study of 530 consecutive patients presenting to our unit as acute uraemic emergencies over a six-year period, 85 (16 per cent) had renovascular disease that was considered to be responsible for their loss of renal function. Twenty-one (4 per cent) patients had uraemia which could be clearly attributable to ACE inhibitor treatment; 18 of these cases were shown to have significant renovascular pathology. Following withdrawal of the ACE inhibitor the renal failure reversed in the majority of patients. We also examined 400 consecutive hypertensive patients referred over a similar period and, although vascular imaging was performed only when it was considered to be clinically indicated, 58 (14.5 per cent) of these patients were shown to have renovascular pathology. A further five patients with stable chronic renal disease were seen to have a deterioration in their glomerular filtration rate coincident with commencement of ACE inhibitor therapy; this reversed when the agents were withdrawn. These observations indicate that significant renovascular disease may be more common than has been hitherto recognized and that injudicious use of ACE inhibitors may result in serious complications. Methods which may minimize such iatrogenic disease are suggested.
Mobility Outcomes Following Five Training Sessions with a Powered Exoskeleton (2015)

Results after only 5 sessions suggest that persons with tetraplegia and paraplegia learn to use the Indego exoskeleton quickly and can manage a variety of surfaces. Walking speeds and distances achieved also indicate that some individuals with paraplegia can quickly become limited community ambulators using this system.
Let SDN Be Your Eyes: Secure Forensics in Data Center Networks (2014)

Discovering the causes of incorrect behavior in large networks is often difficult. This difficulty is compounded when some machines in the network are compromised, since these compromised machines may use deception or tamper with data to frustrate forensic analysis. Recently proposed forensic tools enable administrators to learn the causes of some system states in a partially compromised network, but these tools are inherently unable to (1) observe covert communication between compromised nodes or (2) detect attempts to exfiltrate sensitive data. In this paper, we observe that the emergence of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) offers interesting new op- portunities for network forensics. We sketch the design of an SDN-based forensic system that can be used to investigate a wide variety of faults in data center networks, including previously unobservable attacks such as data exfiltration and collusion between compromised nodes. Our key insight is that the network itself can be used as a point of observation, which gives us a holistic view of network activity. We show that a collection of lightweight middleboxes would be sufficient to support this functionality, and we discuss several additional challenges and opportunities for SDN-based forensic tools.
16.3: <i>Invited Paper</i> : Advanced IPS Technology for Mobile Applications (2006)

Abstract IPS (In Plane Switching)‐LCD technologies originally developed for LCD monitor and TV applications are applied to mobile applications. Advantage of the IPS mode over other optical modes even in the mobile application is quantitatively clarified. Transflective mode as well as transmissive mode with higher aperture ratio is developed. Furthermore, to improve users' convenience, ambient light sensing system and viewing angle control system are developed.