gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tailoring of Three‐Phase Crystalline Systems in Isotactic Poly(propylene) (2005)

Abstract Summary: A novel method for the tailoring of unique three‐phase crystalline systems in isotactic poly(propylene) has been proven. It is based on a synergistic application of a specific β ‐nucleating agent and high pressure during crystallization. The formation of a γ phase was supported by elevated pressure and high temperature during crystallization; under these conditions the growth of both β and α phases was significantly suppressed. Nevertheless, during the course of crystallization at lower pressure and/or lower temperatures, strong β ‐nucleation efficiency favored the formation of a β phase. magnified image
Signal Processing Methods for Transmission Ultrasonic Computerized Tomography (1980)

Measurements required for ultrasonic computer assisted tomography are time-of flight of the signal and its amplitude. Images reconstructed from attenuation data obtained from pulses, bursts, and chirps are presented. Clinical results are described in which some characteristics of breast cancer are shown to be 1) relatively increased acoustic speed with, 2) lower internal attenuation, and 3) a ring of higher attenuation surrounding the lesion. A design for a clinical scanner is described in which images of eight planes in each breast can be obtained in a few minutes.
Assembly of AKAP82, a Protein Kinase A Anchor Protein, into the Fibrous Sheath of Mouse Sperm (1997)

The assembly of the mammalian sperm flagellum is a complex developmental event requiring the sequential activation of genes encoding the component parts and the coordinated assembly of these proteins during the differentiation of the haploid spermatid. In this study, the mechanism underlying the assembly of the fibrous sheath surrounding the axoneme was examined. The subject of the study was the major fibrous sheath protein of the mouse sperm flagellum, AKAP82, a member of the A Kinase Anchor Protein (AKAP) family of polypeptides that bind the regulatory (RII) subunit of protein kinase A (PK-A). Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that AKAP82 is present throughout the transverse ribs and longitudinal columns of the fibrous sheath. Since AKAP82 is initially synthesized as a precursor (pro-AKAP82) during spermiogenesis, an antiserum was raised against a peptide from the processed region of pro-AKAP82 (M(r) 97,000). In immunoblotting experiments, the antibody detected pro-AKAP82 in condensing spermatids but not in epididymal sperm. In addition, two other immunoreactive proteins of M(r) 109,000 (p109) and M(r) 26,000 (p26, representing the "pro" domain of the precursor) were present in epididymal sperm. Alkaline phosphatase treatment of epididymal sperm proteins demonstrated that p109 was a phosphorylated form of pro-AKAP82 that remained in sperm. By immunofluorescence, pro-AKAP82 was localized to the entire length of the principal piece in testicular sperm, while in epididymal sperm p109 and p26 were present only in the proximal portion of the principal piece. Pro-AKAP82 was solubilized when germ cells were extracted with Triton X-100. However, in sperm, both AKAP82 and p109 were almost totally resistant to these extraction conditions and remained in the particulate fraction even after extraction with Triton and dithiothreitol. Similar to pro-AKAP82, the RII subunit of PK-A was present in the Triton X-100-soluble fraction of developing germ cells. In sperm, much of the RII also became particulate, consistent with the hypothesis that AKAP82 anchors RII in the flagellum. These data indicate that pro-AKAP82 is synthesized in the cell body, transported down the axoneme to its site of assembly in the fibrous sheath, and then proteolytically clipped to form mature AKAP82.
Tertiary Skipped Diynes: A Pluripotent Building Block for the Modular and Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Nitrogen Heterocycles (2010)

Dominos! The multivalent reactivity profile of tertiary skipped diynes has been conveniently exploited in the domino and diversity-oriented synthesis of fully substituted pyrazoles and 1,4-diazepane derivatives (see scheme). The developed manifold is chemically efficient and simple to operate. In addition, the resulting N-containing heterocycles are obtained in a regio- and chemoselective manner.
Permanent Magnet Remagnetizing Physics of a Variable Flux Memory Motor (2010)

The finite-element method incorporating with a hysteresis model has been used to analyze the variation characteristics of flux density of permanent magnets (PM) in the variable flux memory motor (VFMM). It accounts for the local hysteresis curves of PMs under different remagnetizing magnetomotive forces. Excellent agreement between the FEA predicted and measured phase back EMFs and air gap flux per pole has been achieved. It shows that the analysis method is suitable for evaluating the PM remagnetizing state in VFMM machines, and the remagnetization of PM is more difficult than the demagnetization, several times the full demagnetizing MMF is required in order to achieve the full remagnetization of PM.
Nucleotide sequence of a gene for nitrite reductase from Arabidopsis thaliana (1994)

A nitrite reductase (NiR) gene was recovered from Arabidopsis thaliana genomic library by the homology with a cDNA of spinach NiR and sequenced. Based on the comparison with the spinach cDNA, the Arabidopsis NiR gene was concluded to contain 4 exons [exon 1 of 376 bp (beginning with ATG start codon), exon 2 of 355 bp, exon 3 of 289 bp and exon 4 of 741 bp (ending at TGA stop codon)] and 3 introns (intron 1 of 196 bp, intron 2 of 81 bp and intron 3 of 77 bp). This conclusion was confirmed by the analysis using the RT-PCR method. The deduced amino acid sequence of the coding region of the Arabidopsis NiR gene had high similarities with those of NiR genes of other plants including spinach.
Simultaneous magnetic resonance imaging of ventilation distribution and gas uptake in the human lung using hyperpolarized xenon-129 (2010)

Despite a myriad of technical advances in medical imaging, as well as the growing need to address the global impact of pulmonary diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, on health and quality of life, it remains challenging to obtain in vivo regional depiction and quantification of the most basic physiological functions of the lung-gas delivery to the airspaces and gas uptake by the lung parenchyma and blood-in a manner suitable for routine application in humans. We report a method based on MRI of hyperpolarized xenon-129 that permits simultaneous observation of the 3D distributions of ventilation (gas delivery) and gas uptake, as well as quantification of regional gas uptake based on the associated ventilation. Subjects with lung disease showed variations in gas uptake that differed from those in ventilation in many regions, suggesting that gas uptake as measured by this technique reflects such features as underlying pathological alterations of lung tissue or of local blood flow. Furthermore, the ratio of the signal associated with gas uptake to that associated with ventilation was substantially altered in subjects with lung disease compared with healthy subjects. This MRI-based method provides a way to quantify relationships among gas delivery, exchange, and transport, and appears to have significant potential to provide more insight into lung disease.
Identification of apolipoproteins involved in the interaction of human high density lipoprotein3 with receptors on cultured cells. (1985)

Human high density lipoprotein (HDL), devoid of apolipoproteins E or B, binds with high affinity and specificity to cultured cells derived from several tissues. In order to investigate the ligand specificity of the putative receptor, we have performed competitive inhibition studies to identify the components of high density lipoprotein that bind to cell surfaces of rat adrenal cortical cells and human skin fibroblasts. Radiolabeled HDL3 was displaced with unlabeled apolipoprotein-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine recombinant particles containing AI, AII, CIII-1, and E apolipoproteins, but not by dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine complexed to albumin or by low density lipoprotein. Because exchange may readily occur between apolipoproteins in HDL and in recombinants this observation may not be truly representative of ligand competition. Further experiments using Fab fragments prepared from pure IgG to each apolipoprotein showed that binding of radioiodinated HDL to cells was suppressed following preincubation of HDL with Fab fragments raised against apolipoproteins AI or AII but not against apolipoproteins E or CIII-1 or albumin. In additional studies with apolipoprotein recombinants specific saturable binding was demonstrated between apo-AI or -AII recombinants and adrenocortical cells whereas binding of apo-CIII-2 was characterized by a large nonsaturable component which almost equaled the specific binding. The data, therefore, provide evidence for the involvement of the two major apolipoproteins (AI and AII) in HDL recognition by cellular receptors.
An Ascending Synthesis of Adrenalcorticosteroids. The Total Synthesis of (+)-Adrenosterone (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTAn Ascending Synthesis of Adrenalcorticosteroids. The Total Synthesis of (+)-AdrenosteroneCarolyn D. Dzierba, Kathleen S. Zandi, Thomas Möllers, and K. J. SheaView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, California 92717-2025 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 19, 4711–4712Publication Date (Web):May 15, 1996Publication History Received24 January 1996Published online15 May 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9602509https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9602509rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1917Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Chemical synthesis,Cyclization,Molecular structure,Organic synthesis,Steroids Get e-Alerts
Methods for Increasing Region 2 Power Capture on a Variable-Speed Wind Turbine (2004)

The standard region 2 control scheme for a variable-speed wind turbine, τc=Kω2, has several shortcomings that can result in significant power loss. The first of these is that there is no accurate way to determine the gain K; modeling programs are not accurate enough to represent all of the complex aerodynamics, and these aerodynamics change over time. Furthermore, it is not certain whether the value of K used in the standard control even provides for the maximum energy capture under real-world turbulent conditions. We introduce new control methods to address these issues. First, we show in simulation that using smaller values of K than the standard can result in increased energy capture. Second, we give simulation results showing that an optimally tracking rotor control scheme can improve upon the standard scheme by assisting the rotor speed in tracking wind-speed fluctuations more rapidly. Finally, we propose an adaptive control scheme that allows for maximum power capture despite parameter uncertainty.
Clinical phase II trial of recombinant dna interferon (interferon alfa 2b) in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma (1986)

Twenty-four patients with histologically proven metastatic malignant melanoma were included in a Phase II trial of human DNA recombinant interferon (rDNA IFN alpha 2). They were given 10 X 10(6) IU of IFN alpha 2 subcutaneously three times a week until progression of disease or major intolerance developed. Twenty-two patients were evaluable for toxicity and response. General manifestations of intolerance were seen in all the patients. Hematologic toxicity was seen in six patients and therapy had to be interrupted in one patient. Mild liver toxicity was seen in most patients after 2 weeks of treatment. These manifestations disappeared within 2 weeks after treatment was discontinued. A partial response was seen in four cases lasting 2, 4, 4, and 5 months, respectively. There were two complete responses (one skin, one lymph node metastasis) lasting 20 and 6 weeks, respectively. These results indicate a potential role for rDNA IFN alpha 2 in treating patients with metastatic malignant melanoma. However, further trials are required to determine the optimal dose and schedule of administration and modalities of combination.
Paragraph-, word-, and coherence-based approaches to sentence ranking (2004)

Sentence ranking is a crucial part of generating text summaries. We compared human sentence rankings obtained in a psycholinguistic experiment to three different approaches to sentence ranking: A simple paragraph-based approach intended as a baseline, two word-based approaches, and two coherence-based approaches. In the paragraph-based approach, sentences in the beginning of paragraphs received higher importance ratings than other sentences. The word-based approaches determined sentence rankings based on relative word frequencies (Luhn (1958); Salton & Buckley (1988)). Coherence-based approaches determined sentence rankings based on some property of the coherence structure of a text (Marcu (2000); Page et al. (1998)). Our results suggest poor performance for the simple paragraph-based approach, whereas word-based approaches perform remarkably well. The best performance was achieved by a coherence-based approach where coherence structures are represented in a non-tree structure. Most approaches also outperformed the commercially available MSWord summarizer.
Ultrasound Transducer Selection in Clinical Imaging Practice (2013)

Many types of medical ultrasound transducers are used in clinical practice. They operate at different center frequencies, have different physical dimensions, footprints, and shapes, and provide different image formats. However, little information is available about which transducers are most appropriate for a given application, and the purpose of this article is to address this deficiency. Specifically, the relationship between the transducer, imaging format, and clinical applications is discussed, and systematic selection criteria that allow matching of transducers to specific clinical needs are presented. These criteria include access to and coverage of the region of interest, maximum scan depth, and coverage of essential diagnostic modes required to optimize a patient's diagnosis. Three comprehensive figures organize and summarize the imaging planes, scanning modes, and types of diagnostic transducers to facilitate their selection in clinical diagnosis.
Low-frequency noise considerations for MOS amplifiers design (1979)

Equivalent input noise voltages of MOS amplifiers working in a low-frequency range have been calculated in the three basic technologies, i.e., single-channel enhancement-load, single-channel depletion-load and CMOS. Means of reducing that noise are discussed and practical results given for CMOS technology.
LIPOENKEPHALINS: A STUDY OF THE SURFACE ACTIVE AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THESE NEW MORPHINE-LIKE PEPTIDES∗ (1982)

ABSTRACT By modifying the physicochemical character of naturally occurring enkephalines, a parallelism between physicochemical behavior and pharmacological activity has been found. This was achieved by introducing alkyl residues of different chain length in position 1 or 5 on the enkephalin sequence. These kinds of substances can be referred to as 1ipoenkephalins and from a physicochemical point of view can be considered as surface active agents. On the other hand, as biological activity is greatly dependent on the conformation or orientation adopted by the molecule, we have also tried to investigate possible conformational or orientation changes when increasing the hydrophobic residue by means of optical rotation measurements and compression isotherm determinations. Finally, as the enkephalin molecule itself suffers an extremely rapid inactivation in brain tissues due to the proteolitic enzyme action, several tests to check the resistance of lipoenkephalins to en zymatic hydrolysis have been carried out, allowing us to confirm that the hydrophobic residue prevents that action.
Free radical addition to olefins. Part 4.—The light-induced addition of sulphur chloride pentafluoride to ethylene (1969)

The light-induced addition of SF5Cl to ethylene (E) has been studied in a series of gas-phase experiments in which concentration, relative light intensity and temperature have been varied. The results can be rationalized by the following chain mechanism in which the addition step (2) is appreciably reversible in the temperature range studied: SF5Cl +hv → SF5·+ Cl·(1) SF5·+ E ⇌ SF5E·(2), (–2) SF3E·+ SF5Cl → SF5ECl + SF5·(3) Cl·+ E → ECl·(4) ECl·+ SF5Cl → ECl2+SF5·(5) SF5·+ SF5·→ S2F10(6) From a series of experiments in which both pressure and temperature were varied the following rate expressions were obtained. k2/k½6=(3.9 ± 0.6) exp (–1,900 ± 200/RT)1.½mole–½ sec–½,‡k–2/k3=(118 ± 20) exp (–6,660 ± 300/RT)1.–1 mole.
YopK regulates the <i>Yersinia pestis</i> type III secretion system from within host cells (2011)

The pathogenic Yersinia species share a conserved type III secretion system, which delivers cytotoxic effectors known as Yops into target mammalian cells. In all three species, YopK (also called YopQ) plays an important role in regulating this process. In cell culture infections, yopK mutants inject higher levels of Yops, leading to increase cytotoxicity; however, in vivo the same mutants are highly attenuated. In this work, we investigate the mechanism behind this paradox. Using a β-lactamase reporter assay to directly measure the effect of YopK on translocation, we demonstrated that YopK controls the rate of Yop injection. Furthermore, we find that YopK cannot regulate effector Yop translocation from within the bacterial cytosol. YopE is also injected into host cells and was previously shown to contribute to regulation of the injectisome. In this work we show that YopK and YopE work at different steps to regulate Yop injection, with YopK functioning independently of YopE. Finally, by expressing YopK within tissue culture cells, we confirm that YopK regulates translocation from inside the host cell, and we show that cells pre-loaded with YopK are resistant to Yop injection. These results suggest a novel role for YopK in controlling the Yersinia type III secretion system.
A faster algorithm for calculating hypervolume (2006)

We present an algorithm for calculating hypervolume exactly, the Hypervolume by Slicing Objectives (HSO) algorithm, that is faster than any that has previously been published. HSO processes objectives instead of points, an idea that has been considered before but that has never been properly evaluated in the literature. We show that both previously studied exact hypervolume algorithms are exponential in at least the number of objectives and that although HSO is also exponential in the number of objectives in the worst case, it runs in significantly less time, i.e., two to three orders of magnitude less for randomly generated and benchmark data in three to eight objectives. Thus, HSO increases the utility of hypervolume, both as a metric for general optimization algorithms and as a diversity mechanism for evolutionary algorithms.
Community detection in content-sharing social networks (2013)

Network structure and content in microblogging sites like Twitter influence each other ---user A on Twitter follows user B for the tweets that B posts on the network, and A may then re-tweet the content shared by B to his/her own followers. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic model to jointly model link communities and content topics by leveraging both the social graph and the content shared by users. We model a community as a distribution over users, use it as a source for topics of interest, and jointly infer both communities and topics using Gibbs sampling. While modeling communities using the social graph, or modeling topics using content have received a great deal of attention, a few recent approaches try to model topics in content-sharing platforms using both content and social graph. Our work differs from the existing generative models in that we explicitly model the social graph of users along with the user-generated content, mimicking how the two entities co-evolve in content-sharing platforms. Recent studies have found Twitter to be more of a content-sharing network and less a social network, and it seems hard to detect tightly knit communities from the follower-followee links. Still, the question of whether we can extract Twitter communities using both links and content is open. In this paper, we answer this question in the affirmative. Our model discovers coherent communities and topics, as evinced by qualitative results on sub-graphs of Twitter users. Furthermore, we evaluate our model on the task of predicting follower-followee links. We show that joint modeling of links and content significantly improves link prediction performance on a sub-graph of Twitter (consisting of about 0.7 million users and over 27 million tweets), compared to generative models based on only structure or only content and paths-based methods such as Katz.
Formation of short‐chain glycerol‐bound oxidation products and oxidised monomeric triacylglycerols during deep‐frying and occurrence in used frying fats (2004)

Abstract Heating fats and oils at high temperature in the presence of air, a common procedure in culinary practices such as frying, results in a complex mixture of oxidation products. These compounds may impair the nutritional value of the food. Among them, there is a growing interest in the group of oxidised triacylglycerol monomers because of their high absorbability. The main structures in this group include triacylglycerols (TG) containing short‐chain acyl groups formed by homolytic β‐scission of the alkoxy radicals coming from allylic hydroperoxides. In addition there are TG containing oxidised fatty acyl groups of molecular weight similar to that of their parent TG, i.e. , epoxy, keto and hydroxy fatty acyl groups. In this review, the main routes of formation of oxidised TG monomers are detailed. Also, the most relevant advances in the analysis of intact TG molecules by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry are discussed. Special attention is paid to the present analytical possibilities for accurate quantification of the most important oxidised compounds formed at high temperature. Both the need to convert fats and oils into simpler derivatives, thus concentrating the compounds bearing the oxidised structure, and the methylation procedure selected to avoid artefact formation are justified. Typical concentrations of short‐chain fatty acids, short‐chain aldehydic acids, short‐chain diacids, and monoepoxy fatty acids, ketoacids and hydroxyacids in frying oils from restaurants and fried‐food outlets, with polar lipids levels at the limit of rejection for human consumption, are given.