gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evolution of long-range fractal correlations and 1/<i>f</i>noise in DNA base sequences (1992)

A new method of quantifying correlations in symbolic sequences is applied to DNA nucleotides. Spectral density measurements of individual base positions demonstrate the ubiquity of low-frequency 1/${\mathit{f}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\beta}}}$ noise and long-range fractal correlations as well as prominent short-range periodicities. Ensemble averages over classifications in the GenBank databank (primate, invertebrate, plant, etc.) show systematic changes in spectral exponent \ensuremath{\beta} with evolutionary category.
Decreased synaptic proteins in neuronal exosomes of frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease (2016)

Synaptic dysfunction occurs early in senile dementias, presumably as a result of decreased levels of functional synaptic proteins as found in autopsied brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Plasma neuronal-derived exosomes (NDEs) were recovered by precipitation and immunoabsorption from 12 patients with AD, 16 with FTD, and 28 controls in a cross-sectional study, and from 9 patients with AD, 10 with FTD, and 19 controls in a longitudinal study. Six synaptic proteins in NDE extracts were quantified by ELISAs and normalized for exosome amounts. NDE levels of synaptophysin, synaptopodin, synaptotagmin-2, and neurogranin were significantly lower in patients with FTD and AD than in controls, but those of growth-associated protein 43 and synapsin 1 were reduced only in patients with AD. Functionally relevant phosphorylation of synapsin 1 serine 9 was reduced in patients with FTD and AD, although total synapsin 1 protein was higher in FTD than in controls. NDE levels of synaptotagmin, synaptophysin, and neurogranin were decreased years before dementia in patients with FTD and AD. NDE levels of synaptopodin, synaptotagmin, and synaptophysin, but not of amyloid β-peptide 42 or P-T181-tau, were correlated significantly with cognition assessed by mini-mental state examination or AD assessment scale-cognitive subscale. NDE synaptic proteins may be useful preclinical indices and progression measures in senile dementias.-Goetzl, E. J., Kapogiannis, D., Schwartz, J. B., Lobach, I. V., Goetzl, L., Abner, E. L., Jicha, G. A., Karydas, A. M., Boxer, A., Miller, B. L. Decreased synaptic proteins in neuronal exosomes of frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
Effect of exercise conditioning on excitation-contraction coupling in aged rats (1990)

We studied aged (24-26 mo) Fischer 344 rats after they underwent 8 wk of moderate exercise conditioning. Right ventricular papillary muscles were loaded with the calcium indicator aequorin. Electrophysiological recordings were also performed. Time to peak isometric tension in muscles from exercised aged rats (EAR) was shorter than in those from unexercised aged rats (UAR) (126 +/- 7 vs. 167 +/- 7 ms; P less than 0.01). Time to 50% relaxation from peak isometric tension was also shorter in EAR than in UAR (88 +/- 3 vs. 119 +/- 12 ms; P less than 0.05). There was a trend toward decrease in time to peak light and a significant decrease in time to 50% decline from peak light (33 +/- 4 ms in EAR vs. 59 +/- 17 ms in UAR; P = 0.001). Action potential amplitude was smaller in EAR than in UAR (67 +/- 4 vs. 82 +/- 3 mV; P = 0.003); however, action potential duration was longer (137 +/- 6 ms in EAR vs. 100 +/- 10 ms in UAR; P = 0.005). Right ventricular-to-body weight ratios revealed no evidence of hypertrophy in EAR compared with UAR. Cardiac tissue norepinephrine content was significantly greater in EAR than in UAR (1,212 +/- 25 vs. 630 +/- 105 ng/tissue; P = 0.02). In summary, exercise reversed the age-related prolongation of isometric contraction and associated intracellular calcium transient in the aged rat while it prolonged the transmembrane action potential. In addition, exercise in aged rats resulted in an increase in cardiac norepinephrine content.
Platelet-derived growth factor stimulates phagocytosis and blocks agonist-induced activation of the neutrophil oxidative burst: a possible cellular mechanism to protect against oxygen radical damage. (1987)

The effect of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) on agonist-induced activation of the superoxide-generating oxidative burst in human neutrophils was tested. PDGF had no effect on the resting level of superoxide generation but inhibited both the rate and the extent of fMet-Leu-Phe-stimulated superoxide production in a dose-dependent manner. The concentration required to inhibit the response by 50% was 95 +/- 26 pM (n = 10). PDGF also blocked activation by other receptor-mediated agonists such as the complement protein C5a and opsonized zymosan, but not by phorbol myristate acetate or arachidonate, both of which may act at postreceptor sites. The growth factor, however, had no effect on the binding of fMet-Leu-Phe to its receptor. PDGF in concentrations that blocked the oxidative burst stimulated phagocytosis of opsonized latex particles. Thus, PDGF functions as a heterologous "down-regulator" of receptor-mediated activation of the neutrophil oxidative burst and an activator of phagocytosis. A model for a feedback regulatory loop between platelets and neutrophils is proposed.
Carbon Nanotubes Grown on the Surface of Cathode Deposit by Arc Discharge (1996)

Abstract Carbon nanotubes prepared by de arc discharge of graphite electrodes in He and CH4 gas took markedly different morphology. Thick nanotubes embellished with many carbon nanoparticles were obtained by evaporation under high CH4 gas pressure and high arc current. Thin and long carbon nanotubes were obtained under a CH4 gas pressure of 50Torr and an arc current of 20A for the anode with a diameter of 6mm.
Radiological Terrorism (2005)

ABSTRACT We run the risk that terrorists will decide to detonate an explosive device laced with radioactive materials (a radiological dispersal device, or RDD). If such an attack occurs, it is unlikely that the affected population or emergency responders would be exposed to high levels of external radiation, although airborne radionuclides may present a health risk under some circumstances. However, the effects of radiation and radioactivity are not well known among the general population, emergency responders, or medical personnel. This could lead to unwarranted panic, refusal to respond to the incident, inappropriately delaying or denying treatment to injured victims, and other unfortunate reactions during the emergency phase of any response. During the recovery phase, current regulations may lead to costly and restrictive radiation safety requirements over very large areas, although there have been recent efforts to relax some of these regulations in the first year following a radiological attack. The wide spread of radioactive contamination can also lead to environmental contamination, particularly in low-flow areas and near storm sewer discharge points, but the total radiation dose to the environment should not be excessively high in most locations.
Statistical averaging and PARTAN-some alternatives to LMS and RLS (1992)

Statistical averaging and PARTAN (parallel tangent) are shown as potential alternatives to the conventional least mean square (LMS) and recursive least squares (RLS) for adaptive filtering and signal processing. These new algorithms exhibit the RLS-like fast adaptation, and yet relate well to the popular LMS in conceptual simplicity and in implementation. Compared with the RLS, these new algorithms seem to be more robust in guarding against the signal bursting phenomenon. The computational complexity of these algorithms, in their direct forms, is less than that of the standard RLS but higher than the fast RLS and LMS.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sensorless initial rotor position estimation of surface permanent magnet synchronous motor (2003)

This paper describes an initial rotor position estimation of surface permanent magnet synchronous motor without sensor. The estimation is performed by using the nonlinear magnetization characteristics of the stator core caused by the magnet of the rotor. The validity of the proposed estimation method is verified by the experiment.
Effect of e-cigarette refill liquid on follicular development andestrogen secretion in rats (2022)

We found that the e-liquids may impair the development of rat ovarian follicles and reduce estrogen secretion through Hippo signaling pathway.
A precise technique for the measurement of acoustic cavitation thresholds and some preliminary results (1985)

A description is given of a precise technique for measuring the threshold for acoustic cavitation inception. The system, which is automated so as to remove operator involvement, utilizes a slow ramping of the acoustic pressure amplitude until cavitation occurs. The detection criterion is the generation of a sufficiently intense sonoluminescent signal. Measurements made in filtered water show a well-defined, reproducible, and stable cavitation threshold. Measurements of the dependence of the threshold on filter size, on time, and on the concentration of dissolved ions for various salts are also presented. Many of these results appear anomalous.
The new diagnosis method of rotor winding inter-turn short circuit fault and imbalance fault based on stator and rotor vibration characteristics (2005)

Stator and rotor vibration characteristics of generator are analyzed when the rotor winding inter-turn short circuit fault and the imbalance fault occur. The rotor vibration of fundamental frequency increases and the stator vibration of second frequency decreases when the rotor winding inter-turn short circuit fault occurs. But when the imbalance fault occurs, the rotor vibration of fundamental frequency increases and the stator vibration of second frequency increases too, so the stator vibration characteristics are different from that of the rotor winding inter-turn short circuit fault. Considering the differences of the stator vibration, a new diagnosis method of rotor fault, based on stator and rotor vibration characteristics, is developed. Comparing to the traditional method that only considering the rotor vibration signals, the rotor winding inter-turn short circuit fault and imbalance fault can be effectively diagnosed. Finally, the vibration data of a type of SDF-9 generator are measured in the laboratory to verify the theoretical analysis presented above.
Biomimetic Nitration of Conjugated Linoleic Acid: Formation and Characterization of Naturally Occurring Conjugated Nitrodienes (2013)

Nitro-conjugated linoleic acids (NO2-cLA), endogenous nitrodiene lipids which act as inflammatory signaling mediators, were isolated and single isomers purified from the biomimetic acidic nitration products of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Structures were elucidated by means of detailed NMR and HPLC-MS/MS spectroscopic analysis and the relative double bond configurations assigned. Additional synthetic methods produced useful quantities and similar isomeric distributions of these unusual and reactive compounds for biological studies and isotopic standards, and the potential conversion of nitro-linoleic to nitro-conjugated linoleic acids was explored via a facile base-catalyzed isomerization. This represents one of the few descriptions of naturally occurring conjugated nitro dienes (in particular, 1-nitro 1,3-diene), an unusual and highly reactive motif with few biological examples extant.
Regulatory Circuits for Gene Expression: The Metabolism of Galactose and Phosphate (1982)

INTRODUCTION The enzyme system responsible for the initial steps of galactose utilization offers considerable advantages over other systems in the study of genetic regulatory mechanisms involved in enzyme synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. One advantage is that the synthesis of these enzymes is regulated in response to a simple external effector, galactose as inducer, whereas the activities are affected by carbon catabolite repression and inhibition. In practice, there are neither inherently programmed control mechanisms, like the master timing mechanism suggested in the cell-division cycle (Hartwell et al. 1974), nor complex interactions between various effectors or between different enzyme proteins, like those in the regulation of some biosynthetic pathway enzymes in microorganisms (Calvo and Fink 1971; Metzenberg 1979). Likewise, the galactose system does not involve duplicated genes for a particular gene function, which is common in maltose and sucrose utilization (Mortimer and Hawthorne 1969), nor housekeeping enzymes like those observed in acid and alkaline phosphatases in Neurospora crassa (Metzenberg 1979) and S. cerevisiae (Toh-e et al. 1973Toh-e et al. 1976). Having these advantages, the galactose system has been subjected to intensive genetic analysis, and a model of genetic regulation has been proposed by Douglas and Hawthorne (1966). This provided an initial clue to the understanding of one genetic regulatory mechanism in yeast. Also under investigation in our laboratory is the system regulating the synthesis of phosphatases in S. cerevisiae. Although this system involves housekeeping enzymes, most of the activities are due to the repressible enzymes; their activities are controlled in response to a simple...
Comparison of &#947;'/&#947;" Precipitates and Mechanical Properties in Modified 718 Alloys (1991)

instability and loss in strength of Alloy 718 at and above 65O'C is caused by the dissolution of the precipitation strengthening y " phase and the formation of the brittle and crack-like 6 phase. Two improved compositional modifications of Alloy 718 were given heat treatments that could change the morphology of the coexisting y '/y " precipitates. A conventional non-compact y '/y " structure was obtained in one alloy and a compact y '/y " structure in the other alloy. A third alloy specifically designed to produce the compact y '/y " cuboidal precipitate was included for comparison purposes. Higher tensile strength averaging 105 MPa (2.3 ksi) between 400 and 700C (750 and 1300'F) and almost three times longer rupture life at 650C (1200'F) under a stress of 686 MPa (99.5 ksi) were obtained with the non-compact y '/y " precipitate compared to the compact y '/y " precipitates and the non compact y '/y " structure of conventional heat treated 718. Also obtained were significant improvements in tensile yield strength and stress rupture life at 483 to 724 MPa (70 to 105 ksi) in the 650 to 730C (1350'F) temperature regime corresponding to y " instability in conventional 718. For this particular high stress range, a 100 hr rupture life at 25 to 40F higher temperature was calculated for the modified alloy with the non-compact y '/y " structure compared to the trendline established for today"s high-quality 718. For this particular composition, the mechanical properties were apparently optimized by the size and spacing of the non-compact y '/y " precipitates being more effective in impeding the motion of dislocations through the lattice. There was an increase in the primary strengthening y " phase, and the matrix and y ' + y " phases were strengthened by a tungsten addition to this alloy. Also, the grain boundary was strengthened by a small chain of MgC phase which inhibited long range grain boundary sliding during stress rupture testing.
Adenylation by testis-specific cytoplasmic poly(A) polymerase, PAPOLB/TPAP, is essential for spermatogenesis (2016)

The testis-specific cytoplasmic poly(A) polymerase PAPOLB/TPAP is essential for spermatogenesis. Although this enzyme is responsible for poly(A) tail extension of a subset of mRNAs in round spermatids, the stability and translational efficiency of these mRNAs are unaffected by the absence of PAPOLB. To clarify the functional importance of this enzyme's adenylation activity, we produced PAPOLB-null mice expressing a polyadenylation-defective PAPOLB mutant (PAPOLB<sup>D114A</sup>), in which the catalytic Asp at residue 114 was mutated to Ala. Introducing PAPOLB<sup>D114A</sup> failed to rescue PAPOLB-null phenotypes, such as reduced expression of haploid-specific mRNAs, spermiogenesis arrest, and male infertility. These results suggest that PAPOLB regulates spermatogenesis through its adenylation activity.
High-Resolution C-Arm CT and Metal Artifact Reduction Software: A Novel Imaging Modality for Analyzing Aneurysms Treated with Stent-Assisted Coil Embolization (2015)

<h3>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</h3> Combination of high-resolution C-arm CT and novel metal artifact reduction software may contribute to the assessment of aneurysms treated with stent-assisted coil embolization. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a novel Metal Artifact Reduction prototype software combined with the currently available high spatial-resolution C-arm CT prototype implementation by using an experimental aneurysm model treated with stent-assisted coil embolization. <h3>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</h3> Eight experimental aneurysms were created in 6 swine. Coil embolization of each aneurysm was performed by using a stent-assisted technique. High-resolution C-arm CT with intra-arterial contrast injection was performed immediately after the treatment. The obtained images were processed with Metal Artifact Reduction. Five neurointerventional specialists reviewed the image quality before and after Metal Artifact Reduction. Observational and quantitative analyses (via image analysis software) were performed. <h3>RESULTS:</h3> Every aneurysm was successfully created and treated with stent-assisted coil embolization. Before Metal Artifact Reduction, coil loops protruding through the stent lumen were not visualized due to the prominent metal artifacts produced by the coils. These became visible after Metal Artifact Reduction processing. Contrast filling in the residual aneurysm was also visualized after Metal Artifact Reduction in every aneurysm. Both the observational (<i>P</i> < .0001) and quantitative (<i>P</i> < .001) analyses showed significant reduction of the metal artifacts after application of the Metal Artifact Reduction prototype software. <h3>CONCLUSIONS:</h3> The combination of high-resolution C-arm CT and Metal Artifact Reduction enables differentiation of the coil mass, stent, and contrast material on the same image by significantly reducing the metal artifacts produced by the platinum coils. This novel image technique may improve the assessment of aneurysms treated with stent-assisted coil embolization.
Oxidation Damage of Spark Plug Electrodes (2005)

Knowledge about the erosion mechanisms of spark plug materials is of fundamental interest for the development of materials with a high resistance against electrode erosion. Endurance tests were performed to study the wear behaviour of platinum, iridium, silver and nickel as electrode materials for spark plugs between 200 and 900 °C. Oxidation must be the dominating mechanism, irrespective of the material. Additional calculations resulted in the suggestion of a plasma‐assisted oxidation process.
67-kDa laminin receptor increases cGMP to induce cancer-selective apoptosis (2013)

The 67-kDa laminin receptor (67LR) is a laminin-binding protein overexpressed in various types of cancer, including bile duct carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, cervical cancer, and breast carcinoma. 67LR plays a vital role in growth and metastasis of tumor cells and resistance to chemotherapy. Here, we show that 67LR functions as a cancer-specific death receptor. In this cell death receptor pathway, cGMP initiated cancer-specific cell death by activating the PKCδ/acid sphingomyelinase (PKCδ/ASM) pathway. Furthermore, upregulation of cGMP was a rate-determining process of 67LR-dependent cell death induced by the green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), a natural ligand of 67LR. We found that phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), a negative regulator of cGMP, was abnormally expressed in multiple cancers and attenuated 67LR-mediated cell death. Vardenafil, a PDE5 inhibitor that is used to treat erectile dysfunction, significantly potentiated the EGCG-activated 67LR-dependent apoptosis without affecting normal cells and prolonged the survival time in a mouse xenograft model. These results suggest that PDE5 inhibitors could be used to elevate cGMP levels to induce 67LR-mediated, cancer-specific cell death.
Bandwidth efficient modulation based on algebraic low density parity check codes (2002)

The use of algebraically derived (as opposed to randomly constructed) low density parity check codes in bandwidth efficient modulation schemes is considered.
Learning to understand multimodal rewards for human-robot-interaction using Hidden Markov Models and classical conditioning (2008)

We are proposing an approach to enable a robot to learn the speech, gesture and touch patterns, that its user employs for giving positive and negative reward The learning procedure uses a combination of Hidden Markov Models and a mathematical model of classical conditioning. To facilitate learning, the robot and the user go through a training task where the goal is known, so that the robot can anticipate its user’s commands and rewards. We outline the experimental framework and the training task and give details on the proposed learning method evaluating the applicability of classical conditioning for the task of learning user rewards given in one or more modalities, such as speech, gesture or physical interaction.
The role of p53 in coordinated regulation of cyclin D1 and p21 gene expression by the adenovirus E1A and E1B oncogenes. (1995)

Expression of the cyclin D1 gene is induced when quiescent fibroblasts are stimulated to reenter the cell cycle by addition of growth factors. Moderate ectopic expression of cyclin D1 in early G1 facilitates progression through G1. When transiently overexpressed at the G1/S boundary, cyclin D1 prevents S phase entry, suggesting a dual role for this protein in cellular growth control. It was shown that the retinoblastoma protein (pRB) can activate cyclin D1 gene expression; furthermore, there is evidence that expression of the cyclin D1 gene is down-regulated by the SV40 large T and adenovirus E1A genes, both of which were shown to target pRB. We now report that in diploid human fibroblasts functional inactivation of pRB by adenovirus E1A is not sufficient for efficient repression of cyclin D1 gene expression, since the E1B gene product, in addition to E1A, is required for repression of the cyclin D1 gene. Since E1B was shown to target p53, we investigated the role of p53 for expression of the cyclin D1 gene. In a cell line with temperature-sensitive p53, cyclin D1 is moderately expressed at the restrictive temperature. Induction of p53 function by temperature shift leads to an increase of cyclin D1 mRNA and protein, parallel to the activation of p21WAF-1/CIP1 gene expression in this system. When the capability of adenovirus gene products to affect expression of either gene was analysed, we found that infection of Ad5 drastically reduced cyclin D1 and p21WAF-1/CIP1 gene expression in cells where p53 function is limiting. Under these conditions E1A and E1B cooperate to reduce the cyclin D1 level, while p21WAF-1/CIP1 expression was found insensitive to E1A expression. In cells containing elevated p53 function, modulation of gene expression by E1B was severely compromised; under these conditions, expression of E1A reduced expression of cyclin D1 without affecting p21WAF-1/CIP1. The data suggest that E1A and E1B cooperate to inhibit expression of cyclin D1 and identify the cyclin D1 gene as a new downstream target for p53.