gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shuttling a single charge across a one-dimensional array of silicon quantum dots (2019)

Significant advances have been made towards fault-tolerant operation of silicon spin qubits, with single qubit fidelities exceeding 99.9%, several demonstrations of two-qubit gates based on exchange coupling, and the achievement of coherent single spin-photon coupling. Coupling arbitrary pairs of spatially separated qubits in a quantum register poses a significant challenge as most qubit systems are constrained to two dimensions with nearest neighbor connectivity. For spins in silicon, new methods for quantum state transfer should be developed to achieve connectivity beyond nearest-neighbor exchange. Here we demonstrate shuttling of a single electron across a linear array of nine series-coupled silicon quantum dots in ~50 ns via a series of pairwise interdot charge transfers. By constructing more complex pulse sequences we perform parallel shuttling of two and three electrons at a time through the array. These experiments demonstrate a scalable approach to physically transporting single electrons across large silicon quantum dot arrays.
A conserved helix motif complements the protein kinase core. (1993)

Residues 40-300 of the mammalian catalytic (C) subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase define a conserved bilobal catalytic core shared by all eukaryotic protein kinases. Contiguous to the core is an extended amphipathic alpha-helix (A helix). Trp30, a prominent feature of this helix, fills a deep hydrophobic pocket between the two lobes on the surface opposite to the active site. The C subunit in Dictyostelium discoideum shows sequence conservation of residues 40-350 with the mouse enzyme but contains an N-terminal extension of 332 residues. A sequence corresponding to the A helix contiguous to the core is absent. However, we have now identified a remote A-helix motif (residues 77-98). When the core of the Dictyostelium C subunit was modeled, based on the mouse C subunit, complementarity between this putative A helix and the surface of the core was found to be conserved. Analysis of other protein kinases reveals that the A-helix motif is not restricted to cAMP-dependent protein kinase. In the Src-related family of protein kinases, for example, an A helix is very likely contiguous to the core, thus serving as a linker between the conserved catalytic core and the Src homology 2 domain. We predict that an A-helix motif complementary to the core will be a conserved feature of most eukaryotic protein kinases.
Combined posterior incision and arthroscopic intra-articular repair of the meniscus. An examination of factors affecting healing. (1986)

Using intra-articular techniques for meniscal repair, several factors associated with meniscal lesions were analyzed prospectively to determine their effects on healing of the repair. Although 260 medial or lateral meniscal repairs in 240 patients were done, 178 repairs in the 167 patients who were followed by postoperative arthroscopy or arthrography form the basis of this study. The results of the repairs were classified as healed, incompletely healed, or not healed. The average duration of follow-up was 100 weeks (range, twenty-eight to 231 weeks). By arthrographic or arthroscopic criteria, 61.8 per cent of the menisci healed, 16.9 per cent healed incompletely, and 21.3 per cent did not heal. Ninety-two per cent of the menisci were categorized as clinically stable, and 80 per cent of the patients returned to active sports participation. Positive correlations with healing were found in patients who had a narrow peripheral meniscal rim (zero to two millimeters) (p = 0.03) and in patients who had a repair that was associated with reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (p = 0.0001).
Ten-year longitudinal study of masticatory function in edentulous patients treated with fixed complete dentures on osseointegrated implants. (1995)

Twenty-three edentulous patients who had been treated with a mandibular fixed complete denture retained by osseointegrated implants were followed over a 10-year period. Nine of these patients had received a maxillary fixed implant-supported complete denture prosthesis after the initial placement of the mandibular restoration, while the remainder still used a conventional maxillary complete denture. The maximal occlusal force or mastication efficiency index of those having fixed implant-supported prostheses in both arches did not differ markedly from those having only a mandibular restoration. However, at the 3-year examination, lower values were recorded for the self-rated masticatory ability, while higher values were given after 10 years. It was concluded that placement of a mandibular fixed implant-supported prosthesis in dissatisfied complete denture wearers led to a dramatic improvement of masticatory function that was quite acceptable for many patients. However, some patients subsequently demanded a maxillary fixed prosthesis to feel satisfactorily rehabilitated.
Effects of Chemical versus Electrochemical Delithiation on the Oxygen Evolution Reaction Activity of Nickel-Rich Layered Li<i>M</i>O<sub>2</sub> (2015)

Nickel-rich layered LiMO2 (M = transition metal) oxides doped with iron exhibit high oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity in alkaline electrolytes. The LiMO2 oxides offer the possibility of investigating the influence of the number of d electrons on OER by tuning the oxidation state of M via chemical or electrochemical delithiation. Accordingly, we investigate here the electrocatalytic behavior of LiNi0.7Co0.3O2 and LiNi0.7Co0.2Fe0.1O2 before and after chemical delithiation. In addition to varying the oxidation state of the transition-metal ions, we find that chemical delithiation also affects the local chemical environment and morphology. The electrochemical response differs depending on whether the delithiation occurred ex situ chemically or in situ during the electrocatalysis. The results point to the important role of in situ transformation in LiMO2 in alkaline electrolytes during electrocatalytic cycling.
Incremental Training and Intentional Over-fitting of Word Alignment. (2011)

We investigate two problems in word alignment for machine translation. First, we compare methods for incremental word alignment to save time for large-scale machine translation systems. Various methods of using existing word alignment models trained on a larger, general corpus for incrementally aligning smaller new corpora are compared. In addition, by training separate translation tables, we eliminate the need for any re-processing of the baseline data. Experimental results are comparable or even superior to the baseline batch-mode training. Based on this success, we explore the possibility of sharpening alignment model via incremental training scheme. By first training a general word alignment model on the whole corpus and then dividing the same corpus into domainspecific partitions, followed by applying incremental training to each partition, we can improve machine translation quality as measured by BLEU.
Comprehensive risk reduction in patients with atrial fibrillation: Emerging diagnostic and therapeutic options (2011)

There are exciting new developments in several areas of atrial fibrillation (AF) management that carry the hope of improving outcomes in AF patients. This paper is an executive summary that summarises the proceedings from the 3rd AFNET/EHRA consensus conference on atrial fibrillation, held in Sophia Antipolis from November 7th to 9th 2010, shortly after the release of the new ESC guidelines on AF. The conference was jointly organised by the German Atrial Fibrillation competence NETwork (AFNET) and the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA). This executive summary report covers four sections: 1. Risk factors and risk markers for AF, 2. Pathophysiological classification of AF, 3. Relevance of monitored AF duration for AF-related outcomes, and 4. Perspectives and needs for implementing better antithrombotic therapy.
Design and implementation of the extended Kalman filter for the speed and rotor position estimation of brushless DC motor (2001)

A method for speed and rotor position estimation of a brushless DC motor (BLDCM) is presented in this paper. An extended Kalman filter (EKF) is employed to estimate the motor state variables by only using measurements of the stator fine voltages and currents. When applying the EKF, it was necessary to solve some specific problems related to the voltage and current waveforms of the BLDCM. During the estimation procedure, the voltage- and current-measuring signals are not filtered, which is otherwise usually done when applying similar methods. The voltage average value during the sampling interval is obtained by combining measurements and calculations, owing to the application of the predictive current controller which is based on the mathematical model of motor. Two variants of the estimation algorithm are considered: (1) speed and rotor position are estimated with constant motor parameters and (2) the stator resistance is estimated simultaneously with motor state variables. In order to verify the estimation results, the laboratory setup has been constructed using a motor with ratings of 1.5 kW, 2000 r/min, fed by an insulated gate bipolar transistor inverter. The speed and current controls, as well as the estimation algorithm, have been implemented by a digital signal processor (TMS320C50). The experimental results show that is possible to estimate the speed and rotor position of the BLDCM with sufficient accuracy in both steady-state and dynamic operation. Introducing the estimation of the stator resistance, the speed estimation accuracy is increased, particularly at low speeds. At the end of the paper, the characteristics of the sensorless drive are analyzed. A sensorless speed control system has been achieved with maximum steady-state error between reference and actual motor speed of /spl plusmn/1% at speeds above 5% of the rated value.
Performance Guarantees for Information Theoretic Sensor Resource Management (2007)

Many estimation problems involve sensors which can be actively controlled to alter the information received and utilized in the underlying inference task. In this paper, we discuss performance guarantees for heuristic algorithms for adaptive sensor control in sequential estimation problems, where the inference criterion is mutual information. We also demonstrate the performance of our tighter online computable performance guarantees through computational simulations. The guarantees may be applied to other estimation criteria including the Cramer-Rao bound.
Low-temperature test of asphalt mixture with different type of additives (2008)

Aiming at the low temperature problem of asphalt mixture,thermal stress restrained specimen test and three types of additives,which are TPS,lake asphalt and Sasobit,were chosen to test.The results indicate that the low temperature performance improvement to asphalt mixture of TPS is the best,then the Sasobit.The improvement of lake asphalt is lower.
Numerous changes mark FCC technology advance (1992)

From the start-up of the first commercial fluid catalytic cracking unit Standard Oil Development Co.'s (SOD) Model I to today's designs, the original upflow configuration has continuously evolved. This evolution was initiated by the technological developments required to meet the demand for high-octane motor gasoline and alkylate feedstocks created by World War II and by U.S. Government-mandated technology sharing. Postwar, the continuance of this evolution was spurred by commercial licensing activities of the original Catalytic Research Associates (CRA) consortium members. This article chronologically summarizes the evolution of FCC commercial designs during their 50 years of continuous productivity, beginning with SOD's original Model I, whose background and start-up is described in a related article in this section.
Field Corn Mechanization Tests low moisture corn harvested with high efficiency in Antelope Valley tests with mechanical pickers (1954)

No correlation between moisture content of corn and field losses was evidenced in Antelope Valley field trials– under the conditions of the study–with mechanical harvesters in 1953.
Huffman encoding of test sets for sequential circuits (1998)

Sequential circuits are hard to test because they contain a large number of internal states that are difficult to control and observe. Scan design is often used to simplify testing; however, scan is not always applicable because of area and performance penalties. Recent advances in sequential circuit testing have led to techniques and tools that provide test sets with high coverage of single stuck-line (SSL) faults for nonscan circuits. However, these test sets contain a large number of patterns and require a tester with considerable pattern depth. We investigate the application of Huffman codes to pattern encoding. This allows the use of low-cost testers that do not require excessive memory. Our method is especially applicable to nonscan and partial-scan embedded core circuits. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach by applying it to SSL test sets for the ISCAS'89 benchmarks.
The Generation of Memory: Reflections on the "Memory Boom" in Contemporary Historical Studies (2000)

In the boundary layers around the edges of images, basic nonlinear parabolic equations for image intensity used in image processing assume a special degenerate asymptotic form. An asymptotic self-similar solution to this degenerate equation is obtained in an explicit form. The solution reveals a substantially nonlinear effect-the formation of sharp steps at the edges of the images, leading to edge enhancement. Positions of the steps and the time shift parameter cannot be determined by direct construction of a self-similar solution; they depend on the initial condition of the pre-self-similar solution. The free-boundary problem is formulated describing the image intensity evolution in the boundary layer.
Hybrid integration of GaAs <i>pin</i> -photodiodeswith CMOS transimpedance amplifier circuits (1998)

GaAs pin-photodiodes were integrated with 0.8 µm CMOS transimpedance amplifier circuits by means of a wafer-scale hybrid-integration technology using polyimide bonding. The capacitance of the integrated photodiode was 50 fF, which included almost no parasitics. Owing to this low capacitance, the hybrid optical receiver operated at a high speed of up to 800 Mbit/s.
Scalable High Performance Message Passing over InfiniBand for Open MPI (2007)

InfiniBand (IB) is a popular network technology for modern high-performance computing systems. MPI implementations traditionally support IB using a reliable, connection-oriented (RC) transport. However, per-process resource usage that grows linearly with the number of processes, makes this approach prohibitive for large-scale systems. IB provides an alternative in the form of a connectionless unreliable datagram transport (UD), which allows for near-constant resource usage and initialization overhead as the process count increases. This paper describes a UD-based implementation for IB in Open MPI as a scalable alternative to existing RC-based schemes. We use the software reliability capabilities of Open MPI to provide the guaranteed delivery semantics required by MPI. Results show that UD not only requires fewer resources at scale, but also allows for shorter MPI startup times. A connectionless model also improves performance for applications that tend to send small messages to many different processes.
Inhibition of <i>N</i>‐acetylneuraminate lyase by <i>N</i>‐acetyl‐4‐oxo‐D‐neuraminic acid (1988)

We show that the 4-oxo analogue of N-acetyl-D-neuraminic acid strongly inhibits N-acetylneuraminate lyase (NeuAc aldolase, EC 4.1.3.3) from Clostridum perfringens (Ki = 0.025 mM) and Escherichia coli (Ki = 0.15 mM). In each case the inhibition was competitive. N-Acetyl-D-neuraminic acid; N-Acetylneuraminate lyase; N-Acetyl-D-neuraminic acid analog; 5-Acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-beta-D-manno-non-2,4-diulosonic acid; 2-Deoxy-2,3-didehydro-N-acetyl-4-oxo-neuraminic acid; Competitive inhibitor.
Progress and Prospects for Human Cancer Vaccines (1992)

Journal Article Progress and Prospects for Human Cancer Vaccines Get access John S. Cole, John S. Cole Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jack Gruber Jack Gruber Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 1, 1 January 1992, Pages 18–23, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.1.18 Published: 01 January 1992 Article history Received: 26 June 1991 Revision received: 03 October 1991 Accepted: 15 October 1991 Published: 01 January 1992
A FIFTY-YEARS RETROSPECT (1933)

On returning from Central Africa I was posted, for ordinary duty, to Edinburgh, and after a short time I found myself again on the Ordnance Survey. Late in 1899 the South African War broke out, and early in 1900 I was sent out to South Africa in command of a very small Field Survey Section. But before describing the limited activities of this Section it may be as well to give some idea of the attitude of the higher civil and financial authorities towards the proposition that it is desirable to be prepared with maps of possible theatres of war.
Activity of Oxaliplatin in Patients With Relapsed or Cisplatin-Refractory Germ Cell Cancer: A Study of the German Testicular Cancer Study Group (2002)

Considering the particularly unfavorable prognostic characteristics of this patient population compared with patients from previous trials for new drugs in germ cell cancer, eg, paclitaxel and gemcitabine, a 13% overall response rate and a 19% response rate in the group treated with oxaliplatin 130 mg/m(2) seems to be of interest. Oxaliplatin may be a palliative treatment option for this patient population, and evaluation in combination regimens is warranted.
Dynamic Resizing on Active Warps Scheduler to Hide Operation Stalls on GPUs (2017)

This paper conducts a detailed study of the factors affecting the operation stalls in terms of the fetch group size on the warp scheduler of GPUs. Throughout this paper, we reveal that the size of a fetch group is highly involved for hiding various types of operation stalls: short latency stalls, long latency stalls, and Load/Store Unit (LSU) stalls. The scheduler with a small fetch group cannot hide short latency stalls due to the limited number of warps in a fetch group. In contrast, the scheduler with a large fetch group cannot hide long latency and LSU stalls due to the limited number of fetch groups and the lack of memory subsystems, respectively. To hide various types of stalls, this paper proposes a Dynamic Resizing on Active Warps (DRAW) scheduler which adjusts the size of a fetch group dynamically based on the execution phases of applications. For the applications that have the best performance at LRR (one fetch group), the DRAW scheduler matches the performance of LRR and outperforms TL (multiple fetch groups) by 22.7 percent. In addition, for the applications that have the best performance at TL, our scheduler achieves 11.0 and 5.5 percent better performance compared to LRR and TL, respectively.
The PARP superfamily (2004)

Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is an immediate DNA-damage-dependent post-translational modification of histones and other nuclear proteins that contributes to the survival of injured proliferating cells. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) now constitute a large family of 18 proteins, encoded by different genes and displaying a conserved catalytic domain in which PARP-1 (113 kDa), the founding member, and PARP-2 (62 kDa) are so far the sole enzymes whose catalytic activity has been shown to be immediately stimulated by DNA strand breaks. A large repertoire of sequences encoding novel PARPs now extends considerably the field of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation reactions to various aspects of the cell biology including cell proliferation and cell death. Some of these new members interact with each other, share common partners and common subcellular localizations suggesting possible fine tuning in the regulation of this post-translational modification of proteins. This review summarizes our present knowledge of this emerging superfamily, which might ultimately improve pharmacological strategies to enhance both antitumor efficacy and the treatment of a number of inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders. A provisional nomenclature is proposed.
A novel analytical approach to the prediction of respiratory diaphragm motion based on external torso volume change (2009)

An analytical approach to predict respiratory diaphragm motion should have advantages over a correlation-based method, which cannot adapt to breathing pattern changes without re-calibration for a changing correlation and/or linear coefficient. To quantitatively calculate the diaphragm motion, a new expandable 'piston' respiratory (EPR) model was proposed and tested using 4DCT torso images of 14 patients. The EPR model allows two orthogonal lung motions (with a few volumetric constraints): (1) the lungs expand (DeltaV(EXP)) with the same anterior height variation as the thoracic surface, and (2) the lungs extend (DeltaV(EXT)) with the same inferior distance as the volumetrically equivalent 'piston' diaphragm. A volume conservation rule (VCR) established previously (Li et al 2009 Phys. Med. Biol. 54 1963-78) was applied to link the external torso volume change (TVC) to internal lung volume change (LVC) via lung air volume change (AVC). As the diaphragm moves inferiorly, the vacant space above the diaphragm inside the rib cage should be filled by lung tissue with a volume equal to DeltaV(EXT) (=LVC-DeltaV(EXP)), while the volume of non-lung tissues in the thoracic cavity should conserve. It was found that DeltaV(EXP) accounted for 3-24% of the LVC in these patients. The volumetric shape of the rib cage, characterized by the variation of cavity volume per slice over the piston motion range, deviated from a hollow cylinder by -1.1% to 6.0%, and correction was made iteratively if the variation is >3%. The predictions based on the LVC and TVC (with a conversion factor) were compared with measured diaphragm displacements (averaged from six pivot points), showing excellent agreements (0.2 +/- 0.7 mm and 0.2 +/- 1.2 mm, respectively), which are within clinically acceptable tolerance. Assuming motion synchronization between the piston and points of interest along the diaphragm, point motion was estimated but at higher uncertainty ( approximately 10% +/- 4%). This analytical approach provides a patient-independent technique to calculate the patient-specific diaphragm motion, using the anatomical and respiratory volumetric constraints.
cAMP and ras signalling independently control spore germination in the filamentous fungus <i>Aspergillus nidulans</i> (2002)

The role of cAMP signalling during germination of asexual spores (conidia) of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans was investigated. A. nidulans strains defective for adenylate cyclase (CyaA) or for the functionally overlapping cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PkaA) and newly characterized SchA protein kinase, homologous to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sch9, show altered trehalose mobilization and kinetics of germ tube outgrowth, in addition to other defects in colony formation. cAMP-dependent trehalose breakdown is triggered by the addition of a carbon source independently of further catabolism, suggesting that cAMP signalling controls early events of conidial germination in response to carbon source sensing. Additional results suggest that cAMP has targets other than PkaA and SchA and that PkaA retains activity in the absence of cAMP. Conversely, PkaA regulates cAMP levels in A. nidulans because these are elevated by approximately 250-fold in a strain that lacks PkaA. Furthermore, analysis of mutant strains impaired in both adenylate cyclase and RasA GTPase previously implicated in the control of A. nidulans spore germination suggested that RasA and cAMP signalling proceed independently during germination in A. nidulans.