gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pyrolysis of Polymer-Derived Carbons in the Formation of Graphitizing Carbons and Nanoparticles of Zirconia (2008)

Carbons have been prepared by the low-temperature pyrolysis, under argon, of a number of long-chain polymers. We have found that the resistivity (Ω cm-1) varies considerably with the temperature of pyrolysis; thus, for ammonium polyacrylate, the resistivity of that pyrolyzed at 600 °C is 9.7 × 104 Ω cm-1 whereas that pyrolyzed at 1000 °C is ca. 3 Ω cm-1. A similar situation arises for the other polymers studied (including radiolyzed cross-linked polyacrylamide). All those pyrolyzed at 600 °C had a resistivity of >1 × 106 Ω cm-1, whereas those pyrolyzed at 1000 °C had a resistivity of ca. 3−5 Ω cm-1. A notable exception was that of unirradiated polyacrylamide, where the resistivity remained at >1 × 106 Ω cm-1 over the range of temperatures studied. The decrease of resistivity with increase of temperature of pyrolysis has been related to the formation of glassy carbon. Nanoparticles (4 nm) of tetragonal zirconia were formed when zirconium polyacrylate was pyrolyzed under similar conditions.
Adaptation of the Blood Antioxidant Defence Mechanisms of Sheep with a Genetic Lesion Resulting in Low Red Cell Glutathione Concentrations (1993)

Finnish Landrace sheep with a genetic lesion which results in restricted cysteine transport across the red cell membrane have total glutathione concentrations in their red blood cells that are approximately 40% of those in normal sheep of the same breed. However, dimethyldisulphide-challenged red blood cells from both phenotypes produce an ESR-spin adduct at similar rates. The resistance of the low glutathione phenotype red cells to oxidant challenge is reflected by increases in the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Sheep with a genotypic disorder in cysteine transport may be a suitable model for studying the genetic expression of antioxidant enzymes in response to oxidant loads.
Stark II, phase II. What it means for physician compensation. (2004)

The author reviews some of the new physician self-referral (Stark) rule's key implications for medical group compensation plans. In Phase II of the Stark law, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services clarified certain provisions and addressed others not dealt with in Phase I. The changes have important, generally positive implications for physician compensation in medical groups and elsewhere. The rules codify common-sense ideas that physicians can receive direct compensation for their labor and for the financial success of their group practices.
Oligopeptides as potential antiaggregation agents for deoxyhemoglobin S. (1977)

Oligopeptides that mimic segments of the amino acid sequence of hemoglobin S at potential contact sites can be used to inhibit aggregation. These oligopeptide inhibitors raise the minimum gelling concentration of deoxyhemoglobin S so that chemical modification does not have to be used. The hexapeptide amides of both betaS 1-6 which is believed to be one of the contact areas among aggregates, and betaA 1-6 of hemoglobin A increase the minimum gelling concentration by more than 70%. The hexapeptide amide beta79-84 behaves like beta1-6 (beta being betaS or betaA). Shorter oligopeptides, such as betaS3-6, are less effective as an inhibitor but longer ones, such as betaS1-8, are no more effective than beta1-6. Permutations of the sequence, such as betaS125634, do not alter the percent increase in the minimum gelling concentration. Leu- and Met-enkephalin increase the minimum gelling concentration just as beta1-6 does, but (Pro)6 is not very effective. Thus, the use of complementary oligopeptides as inhibitors is extended to include certain "flexible" peptides, which can adapt themselves to interfere with the molecular contacts and thereby gelation of deoxyhemoglobin S.
Binding of cis- and trans-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) to nucleosides.i. Location of the binding sites (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBinding of cis- and trans-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) to nucleosides.i. Location of the binding sitesS. Mansy, B. Rosenberg, and A. J. ThomsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 5, 1633–1640Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00786a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00786a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views154Altmetric-Citations141LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An Anatomical Analysis of the Supratrochlear Artery: Considerations in Facial Filler Injections and Preventing Vision Loss (2016)

Vascular occlusion from filler injections can lead to devastating visual consequences due to inadvertent retrograde intra-arterial embolization. Our findings indicate that the average entire volume of the supratrochlear artery from the glabella to the orbital apex is 0.085 mL. Injectors should be aware that a bolus of this critical volume may lead to a significant adverse outcome.
MPSoC Software Debugging on Virtual Platforms via Execution Control with Event Graphs (2016)

Virtual Platforms (VPs) are advantageous to develop and debug complex software for multi- and many-processor systems-on-chip (MPSoCs). VPs provide unrivaled controllability and visibility of the target, which can be exploited to examine bugs that cannot be reproduced easily in real hardware (e.g., bugs originating from races or happening during a processor stand-by state). However, VPs as employed in practice for debugging are generally underutilized. The accompanying debug ecosystem is based mostly on traditional tools, such as step-based debuggers and traces, that fall short to address the enormous complexity of modern MPSoCs and their parallel software. Finding a bug is still largely left to the developer’s experience and intuition, using manual means rather than automated or systematic solutions that exploit the controllability and visibility of VPs. Profiting from VPs for MPSoC software debugging is an open question. To bridge this gap, this article presents a novel framework for debug visualization and execution control that, relying on the many benefits of VPs, helps to identify and test possible concurrency-related bug scenarios. The framework allows examining and steering the target system by manipulating an abstract graph that highlights relevant inter-component interactions and dependencies. The proposed framework reduces the effort required to understand complex concurrency patterns and helps to expose bugs. Its efficacy is demonstrated on (i) a shared memory symmetric multi-processing platform executing Linux and parallel benchmarks, and (ii) a distributed automotive system for driver assistance applications.
Multimode IR Analysis of Nylon 11 (1995)

This chapter summarizes some of the recent work on the structure and morphology of a particular polyamide, nylon 11, as viewed with infrared spectroscopy. Attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy is used to study the development of dipole orientation and the existence of structural gradients from the surface in draw and electric field poled films and bilaminates. The new technique of two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy is used to study the dynamic stretching properties of melt-crystallized nylon 11. The complex absorption behavior of the amide I region is addressed. Lastly, the technique of trichroic infrared spectroscopy is used to elucidate the three dimensional absorption behavior of nylon 11 films that are subjected to one-way drawing, annealing and poling treatments.
Noninvasive gene delivery to foveal cones for vision restoration (2018)

Intraocular injection of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors has been an evident route for delivering gene drugs into the retina. However, gaps in our understanding of AAV transduction patterns within the anatomically unique environments of the subretinal and intravitreal space of the primate eye impeded the establishment of noninvasive and efficient gene delivery to foveal cones in the clinic. Here, we establish new vector-promoter combinations to overcome the limitations associated with AAV-mediated cone transduction in the fovea with supporting studies in mouse models, human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids, postmortem human retinal explants, and living macaques. We show that an AAV9 variant provides efficient foveal cone transduction when injected into the subretinal space several millimeters away from the fovea, without detaching this delicate region. An engineered AAV2 variant provides gene delivery to foveal cones with a well-tolerated dose administered intravitreally. Both delivery modalities rely on a cone-specific promoter and result in high-level transgene expression compatible with optogenetic vision restoration. The model systems described here provide insight into the behavior of AAV vectors across species to obtain safety and efficacy needed for gene therapy in neurodegenerative disorders.
Idiometric assay: noncompetitive immunoassay for small molecules typified by the measurement of estradiol in serum (1990)

We report here a novel noncompetitive immunoassay applicable to the measurement of small-molecular-mass compounds and typified by the direct measurement of estradiol in serum. Two types of anti-idiotypic antibody recognize different epitopes within the hypervariable region of the specific primary antibody (e.g., anti-estradiol). The first anti-idiotype (betatype) recognizes an epitope at the unoccupied binding site, which is masked in the presence of the analyte (e.g., estradiol). The second (alphatype) recognizes an epitope close to the binding site and is unaffected by the presence or absence of the analyte, but is sterically hindered from binding to the primary antibody in the presence of the betatype. The use of these matched antibodies (primary antibody, alphatype, and betatype) has enabled the development of a method for determining antibody occupancy that is not based on a conventional two-site assay. An excess amount of purified monoclonal antibody against estradiol is immobilized onto the walls of microtiter wells. After the capture of analyte, the unoccupied antibody sites are blocked by the addition of an excess amount of betatype. Subsequently, analyte occupancy is determined by the addition of excess europium-labeled alphatype, incubation, washing, and time-resolved fluorometry. The method demonstrates good sensitivity, precision, and comparability with alternative competitive immunoassays.
An Investigation off Learning Styles of Practical and Baccalaureate Nursing Students (1996)

The purpose of this non-experimental, descriptive study was to identify the predominant perception and ordering learning styles of practical and baccalaureate nursing students and to ascertain if there was a difference in the learning styles of the two levels of nursing students. The Gregorc Style Delineator was used to assess the learning styles. The sample consisted of 55 practical nursing students at a vocational college and 48 junior and senior baccalaureate nursing students at a small university. Both colleges were located in the midwestern United States. The findings indicated there was a statistically significant relationship between the learning style of practical and baccalaureate nursing students. The small sample size (N = 103) and the use of a non-random, convenience sample limits the generalization of the findings.
The Evolving Role of Technology in Mortgage Finance (1999)

This paper surveys the effects of technology on mortgage finance over the period 1990-2000, from an industry perspective. Important innovations in the three functional areas of origination, servicing, and portfolio management are identified and their effects discussed. Improvements in information technology, especially in processor speeds, data storage media, networking, and telephony, have reduced transaction costs, accelerated implementation of new risk management and valuation techniques, increased productivity, and allowed development an entirely new origination channel, the Internet. The interactions of technological change with demographic, regulatory, and market forces will continue to transform the industry.
Resistance Against Melon Chlorotic Mosaic Virus and Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus in Melon (2019)

Thirty-one melon accessions were screened for resistance to the begomoviruses <i>Melon chlorotic mosaic virus</i> (MeCMV) and <i>Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus</i> (ToLCNDV). Five accessions presented nearly complete resistance to both viruses. Accession IC-274014, showing the highest level of resistance to both viruses, was crossed with the susceptible cultivar Védrantais. The F<sub>1</sub>, F<sub>2</sub>, F<sub>3</sub>/F<sub>4</sub>, and both backcross progenies were mechanically inoculated with MeCMV. Plants without symptoms or virus detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and/or PCR were considered as resistant. The segregations were compatible with two recessive and one dominant independent genes simultaneously required for resistance. Inheritance of resistance to ToLCNDV in the F<sub>2</sub> was best explained by one recessive gene and two independent dominant genes simultaneously required. Some F<sub>3</sub> and F<sub>4</sub> families selected for resistance to MeCMV also were resistant to ToLCNDV, suggesting that common or tightly linked genes were involved in resistance to both viruses. We propose the names <i>begomovirus resistance-1</i> and <i>Begomovirus resistance-2</i> for these genes (symbols <i>bgm-1</i> and <i>Bgm-2</i>). Resistance to MeCMV in IC-274014 was controlled by <i>bgm-1</i>, <i>Bgm-2</i>, and the recessive gene <i>melon chlorotic mosaic virus resistance</i> (<i>mecmv</i>); resistance to ToLCNDV was controlled by <i>bgm-1</i>, <i>Bgm-2</i>, and the dominant gene <i>Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus resistance</i> (<i>Tolcndv</i>).
Transient scheduling of single armed cluster tools: Algorithms for wafer residency constraints (2013)

The wafer handling robot actions in cluster tools used for semiconductor manufacturing should serve to maximize throughput while maintaining good wafer quality. Since excessive delay in a process chamber may cause deterioration in wafer quality, wafer delays should be maintained in an acceptable range, or preferably, should be minimized. We focus on addressing these concerns for all wafers in a lot, including those in both the transient and possibly cyclic regime. As the general problem is computationally complex, we first assume that the robot sequence is given and develop a multistage linear programming (LP) model to minimize the total makespan, subject to wafer residency constraints, and subsequently the average delay. Forging into less tractable territory, we next develop a branch and bound algorithm to find an optimal robot sequence with minimum wafer delay. This approach enables us to solve problems that were not previously solvable. Simulation studies demonstrate that when the number of process modules grows to more than five, the branch and bound algorithm may fail to find an optimal solution due to computational complexity. In this case, we suggest a transient sequence based on cyclic policies together with the LP model; it is within 2% of optimal.
Microstructure evolution of CP titanium during high temperature deformation (2007)

Purpose: To investigate the superplasticity of commercially pure titanium alloy and microstructure evolution of the alloy during high temperature deformation. Design/methodology/approach: Uniaxial tensile tests were carried out at 600, 750 and 800°C with an initial strain rate from 10-1s-1-10-4s-1. EBSD technology was used to evaluate the microstructure of the commercially pure titanium alloy deformed at high temperature. Findings: It is found that this titanium alloy does not show good superplasticity at 600-800°C due to the rapid grain growth. Studies also show that the dynamic recrystallization took place at high temperatures. The optimum dynamic recrystallization conditions were found to be at 600oC with an initial strain rate of 0.001/s, attaining the highest volume fraction of fine grains whose average grain size is ≈9.7 μm at strain of 80%. This process not only decreases the average grain size of the alloy but also increase the misorientation angle of the grain boundary. Practical implications: The investigations of microstructure of the commercially pure titanium alloy as well as related phenomena during high temperature deformation are important for achieving desired mechanical behavior
Combining Pattern Languages and Reusable Architectural Decision Models into a Comprehensive and Comprehensible Design Method (2008)

When constructing software systems, software architects must identify and evaluate many competing design options and document the rationale behind any selections made. Two supporting concepts are pattern languages and architectural decision models. Unfortunately, both concepts only provide partial support: Extensive upfront education is needed for practitioners to be in command of' the full pattern literature relevant in their field; retrospective architectural decision modeling is viewed as a painful extra responsibility without immediate gains. In this paper, we combine pattern languages and reusable architectural decision models into a design method that is both comprehensive and comprehensible. Our design method identifies the required decisions in requirements models systematically, gives domain-specific pattern selection advice, and provides traceability from platform-independent patterns to platform-specific decisions. We validate our approach by applying it to enterprise applications as an exemplary application genre and a SOA case study from the finance industry.
A Multipurpose Electronic Switch for Analog Computer Simulation and Autocorrelation Applications (1956)

A system of four diodes in a series-parallel connection is combined with dc operational amplifiers in order to accomplish a variety of computational operations. The diode circuit is equivalent to a SPST switch survey or a voltage pulse. When inserted in series with the input of an amplifier or an analog memory, the switch makes possible waveform sampling or waveform quantizing of the input voltage. Other functions, such as the fast discharge of an integrator, are also achieved. A very significant application of the diode switch in computer circuitry is its use in combination with a multiplier and a storer (a bank of integrators) in order to obtain autocorrelation or cross-correlation of messages after they have been translated into voltages. A commutator or a ring counter is employed to provide the switching pulse. The correlator has the advantage of generating the correlation function concurrently with the message without necessitating previous recording and repeated playback.
Polymerase chain reaction detection of circulating tumour cells. EORTC Melanoma Cooperative Group, Immunotherapy Subgroup. (1997)

Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-based assays to detect occult neoplastic cells offer the highest sensitivity for the study of tumour dissemination and minimal residual disease. The detection of small numbers of tumour cells in a clinical sample may result in a redefinition of what constitutes residual disease and relapse, affecting future patient management. However, there remains disparity in the published data on the clinical value of RT-PCR for the detection of circulating tumour cells. This most likely reflects differences in the methods for sample preparation, RNA extraction, and cDNA synthesis among laboratories. Consequently the need for implementation of standard quality control measures is pressing in order to facilitate meaningful assessment of the methodology and it's clinical value. A 2-day workshop organized by the immunotherapy subgroup of the EORTC Melanoma Cooperative Group was held on this topic at the Ludwig Institute in Epalinges-sur-Lausanne, Switzerland in January 1996, with Stefan Carrel as the local host. Many pertinent issues were discussed in great detail, covering every step from sample handling to quality control. This workshop resulted in a concerted action leading to the preparation of laboratory guidelines, which are summarized in this review.
External and common-cavity high spectral density beam combining of high power fiber lasers (2008)

Spectral beam combining (SBC) has been extensively used for power scaling of laser systems. SBC is an incoherent technique of combining laser radiation from multiple sources with offset wavelengths into a single near-diffractionlimited beam with increased energy brightness. SBC by means of volume Bragg gratings (VBGs) recorded in photo-thermo- refractive (PTR) glass has been shown to be a simple and robust technique for combining high-power laser radiation. High-efficiency large-aperture VBGs were fabricated in PTR glass wafers. While being photosensitive in the UV, PTR glass offers high transmittance in the near-IR and visible parts of spectrum. Excellent mechanical properties and refractive index independent of temperature enable VBGs in PTR glass to withstand high-power laser radiation, making them ideal elements for high-power SBC. We report spectral combination of five randomly polarized fiber lasers with 0.5 nm spectral separation between channels around 1064 nm using reflecting VBGs in PTR glass. Maximum output power of the system is 773 W, corresponding to 91.7% combining efficiency. It is shown that VBGs introduce no significant beam distortions under high-power operation. Additionally, a common-cavity configuration for SBC with automatic wavelength control of sources by intra-cavity VBGs is suggested. Two fiber lasers are combined using this technique and automatic wavelength control is demonstrated. We show how simple power scaling allows obtaining multi-kW near-diffraction-limited laser radiation via SBC with volume Bragg gratings in PTR glass.
Distinct and Overlapping Roles for E2F Family Members in Transcription, Proliferation and Apoptosis (2006)

Since the discovery almost fifteen years ago that E2F transcription factors are key targets of the retinoblastoma protein (RB), studies of the E2F family have uncovered critical roles in the control of transcription, cell cycle and apoptosis. E2F proteins are encoded by at least eight genes, E2F1 through E2F8. While specific roles for individual E2Fs in mediating the effects of RB loss are emerging, it is also becoming clear that there are no simple divisions of labor among the E2F family. Instead, an individual E2F can function to activate or repress transcription, promote or impede cell cycle progression and enhance or inhibit cell death, dependent on the cellular context. While functional redundancy among E2Fs and the striking influences of cellular context on the effects of E2F loss or gain of function have prevented a simple delineation of unique functions within the E2F family, these complexities undoubtedly reflect the extensive regulation and importance of this transcription factor family.