gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proliferative Effect of Lipoprotein Lipase on Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (2000)

Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is a key event in the development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Accumulating evidence suggests that lipoprotein lipase (LPL) produced in the vascular wall may exert proatherogenic effects. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of LPL on VSMC proliferation. Incubation of growth-arrested human VSMCs with purified endotoxin-free bovine LPL for 48 and 72 hours, in the absence of any added exogenous lipoproteins, resulted in a dose-dependent increase in VSMC growth. Addition of VLDLs to the culture media did not further enhance the LPL effect. Treatment of growth-arrested VSMCs with purified human or murine LPL (1 microg/mL) led to a similar increase in cell proliferation. Neutralization of bovine LPL by the monoclonal 5D2 antibody, irreversible inhibition, or heat inactivation of the lipase suppressed the LPL stimulatory effect on VSMC growth. Moreover, preincubation of VSMCs with the specific protein kinase C inhibitors calphostin C and chelerythrine totally abolished LPL-induced VSMC proliferation. In LPL-treated VSMCs, a significant increase in protein kinase C activity was observed. Treatment of VSMCs with heparinase III (1 U/mL) totally inhibited LPL-induced human VSMC proliferation. Taken together, these data indicate that LPL stimulates VSMC proliferation. LPL enzymatic activity, protein kinase C activation, and LPL binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans expressed on VSMC surfaces are required for this effect. The stimulatory effect of LPL on VSMC proliferation may represent an additional mechanism through which the enzyme contributes to the progression of atherosclerosis.
Digital reference service : libraries online 24/7 (2005)

The integration of the Internet Technology in to Libraries has not changed its mission of providing excellent information service to users but it has added several new dimensions and opened new avenues to their tasks. Reference librarians, while assisting users in the library, now have an additional set of remote users, who access the reference service online, who are more demanding, less patient users who have greater expectations. This paper discusses the methods in Online Reference service and the role of reference librarian in the digital environment.
Enhanced neuronal plasticity and elevated endogenous sAPPα levels in mice over‐expressing MMP9 (2011)

Evidence accumulating during the past few years points to a significant role of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) enzymatic activity in synaptic plasticity and cognitive processes. We have previously demonstrated that MMP9 is involved in receptor-mediated α-secretase-like cleavage of APP in vitro, resulting in increased secretion of sAPPα, the soluble N-terminal product of the non-amyloidogenic pathway known to be involved in neuronal plasticity and memory formation. To study the in vivo role of MMP9, we have generated transgenic mice over-expressing MMP9 in the brain. Herein, we demonstrate that MMP9 transgenic animals display enhanced performance in the non-spatial novel object recognition and the spatial water-maze task and that their enhanced performance was accompanied by increased dendritic spine density in the hippocampus and cortex following behavioural testing. Consistent with the above observations, the electrophysiological analysis revealed prolonged maintenance of long-term synaptic potentiation in hippocampal slices from MMP9 transgenic mice. Moreover, elevated sAPPα levels in the hippocampus and cortex of MPP9 transgenic animals were also observed. Overall, our results extend previous findings on the physiological role of MMP9 in neuronal plasticity and furthermore reveal that, APP may be one of the physiological proteolytic targets of MMP9 in vivo.
Biosynthesis and ultrasonic degradation of bacterial poly(?-glutamic acid) (1999)

A study of the production of poly(gamma-glutamic acid) (PGGA) by Bacillus licheniformis NCIMB 11709 grown on medium E in shake flasks at 30 degrees C is reported. The enantiomeric composition of PGGA was found to be highly sensitive to the concentration of Mn++, especially when the ion is present in small amounts (</= 20 microM). Polymers with D-unit contents ranging from 10 to 90% and Mw between 0.4 and 2.0 million g mol-1 were obtained for [Mn++] ranging from 0 to 1230 microM. Ultrasonic degradation was proven to be an effective method to reduce both the molecular weight and the polydispersity of naturally produced PGGA without disturbing the chemical constitution of the polymer.
Optical Character Recognition on a Grid Infrastructure (2007)

The current capacity to translate paper documents quickly and accurately into machine readable form using optical character recognition technology augments the opportunities in document searching and storing, as well as the automated document processing. A fast response in translating large collections of image-based electronic documents into structured electronic documents is still a problem. The availability of a large number of processing units in Grid environments and of free optical character recognition tools can be exploited to produce a fast translation. Following this idea, several experiments concerning optical character recognition were performed on a Grid infrastructure and their results are reported in this paper. These results are encouraging further developments of systems for document image analysis using Grid technologies.
Effect of Grading Fingerling Hybrid Catfish (♀ Channel Catfish × ♂ Blue Catfish) on Growth, Production, Feed Conversion, and Food Fish Size Distribution (2018)

Abstract Hybrid catfish (♀ Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus × ♂ Blue Catfish I. furcatus) production ponds often produce a wide size range of fish, and payments to farmers may be reduced due to discounts for larger fish. In general, fish under 1 lb or over 4 lb may decrease the price paid to farmers, but this is highly dependent on individual processors. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of grading hybrid catfish fingerlings on the size distribution of harvested food fish. Three 0.25-acre ponds were stocked with ungraded fingerlings (average weight = 0.05 lb; coefficient of variation [CV] = 78.0%) at 8,000 fish/acre. An additional three 0.25-acre ponds were stocked with double-graded fingerlings of the same average weight (0.05 lb) as the ungraded fingerlings but with a significantly reduced size variation (CV = 26.9%). Grading of the fingerlings had no significant effect on any production variable other than final size variation (ungraded fingerlings: CV = 48.2%; graded fingerlings: CV = 26.1%). Final mean weights were identical (1.1 lb) and feed conversion ratios were nearly identical (1.58 and 1.57) between the treatments. Survival and net production were similar between treatments. Overall, 13.5% of ungraded fish and 1.2% of graded fish were less than 0.5 lb at harvest; 5.6% of the ungraded fish and 0.1% of the graded fish were larger than 2.0 lb. Grading of hybrid catfish fingerlings is an effective means of decreasing food fish size variability without impacting production efficiency.
Artemin and Its Emerging Role in Pathogenesis of Systemic Tumors Besides Pancreatic Cancers (2012)

GENERAL COMMENTARY article Front. Oncol., 08 August 2012Sec. Gastrointestinal Cancers Volume 2 - 2012 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2012.00092
The Programmers' Playground: I/O abstraction for user-configurable distributed applications (1995)

I/O abstraction is offered as a new high-level approach to interprocess communication. Functional components of a distributed system are written as encapsulated modules that act upon local data structures, some of which may be published for external use. Relationships among modules are specified by logical connections among their published data structures. Whenever a module updates published data, I/O takes place implicitly according to the configuration of logical connections. The Programmers' Playground, a software library and runtime system supporting I/O abstraction, is described. Design goals include the separation of communication from computation, dynamic reconfiguration of the communication structure, and the uniform treatment of discrete and continuous data types. Support for end-user configuration of distributed multimedia applications is the motivation for the work.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Experimental and Theoretical Studies of the Fractal Scaling Parameter and the Lateral Scale Dependence of the Asperity Interference (2007)

The fractal scaling parameter was released in a recent study from its artificially assigned constant value to become a measurable parameter for simulated surface profiles. In the present study, this concept was extended to develop schemes for determining the fractal scaling parameter from experimental power spectral density data. The difference in the trends of peaks has been observed between experimental power spectral density data and those of the Weierstrass-Mandelbrot function. A modified W-M function was proposed based on a peak splitting behavior of the power spectrum. To verify a relationship between the interference and lateral length scale for asperities, which is commonly assumed in fractal modeling, a numerical scheme was developed to truncate measured surface profiles for finding asperity interferences for microcontacts of various sizes. This relationship was confirmed by the favorable results from a comparison of the power values obtained from truncation of a surface profile to those obtained by using the fast Fourier transform. A numerical scheme was developed to generate random power spectral density curves and fractal surface profiles for given values of the fractal scaling parameter.
A Streptavidin Mutant Useful for Directed Immobilization on Solid Surfaces (2001)

A streptavidin mutant has been designed and produced that allows the specific, covalent immobilization of streptavidin on solid surfaces. This streptavidin mutant was constructed by fusing a six-residue sequence, containing a single cysteine, to the carboxyl terminus of streptavidin. Because this mutant has no other cysteine residues, the reactive sulfhydryl group of the cysteine residue serves as a unique immobilization site for conjugation using sulfhydryl chemistry. This streptavidin mutant was efficiently immobilized on maleimide-coated solid surfaces via its unique immobilization site. Characterization of the immobilized streptavidin mutant for the ability to bind to biotinylated macromolecules and the dissociation rates of bound biotin showed that the biotin-binding properties of this mutant were minimally affected by immobilization on solid surfaces. This streptavidin could be readily incorporated into a wide variety of solid-phase diagnostic tests and biomedical assays. This could enhance the performance of streptavidin-based solid-phase assay systems.
How water equivalent are water‐equivalent solid materials for output calibration of photon and electron beams? (1995)

The water equivalency of five "water-equivalent" solid phantom materials was evaluated in terms of output calibration and energy characterization over a range of energies for both photon (Co-60 to 24 MV) and electron (6-20 MeV) beams. Evaluations compared absorbed doses calculated from ionization measurements using the same dosimeter in the solid phantom materials and in natural water (H2O). Ionization measurements were taken at various calibration depths. The Radiological Physics Center's standard dosimetry system, a Farmer-type ion chamber in a water phantom, was used. Complying with the TG-21 calibration protocol, absorbed doses were calculated using eight measurement and calculational techniques for photons and five for electrons. Results of repeat measurements taken over a period of 2 1/2 years were reproducible to within a +/- 0.3% spread. Results showed that various combinations of measurement techniques and solid phantom materials caused a spread of 3%-4% in the calculation of dose relative to the dose determined from measurements in water for all beam energies on both modalities. An energy dependence of the dose ratios was observed for both photons and electrons.
Enhanced Luminescence Properties of InAs–InAsP Core–Shell Nanowires (2013)

Utilizing narrow band gap nanowire (NW) materials to extend nanophotonic applications to the mid-infrared spectral region (>2-3 μm) is highly attractive, however, progress has been seriously hampered due to their poor radiative efficiencies arising from nonradiative surface and Auger recombination. Here, we demonstrate up to ~ 10(2) times enhancements of the emission intensities from InAs NWs by growing an InAsP shell to produce core-shell NWs. By systematically varying the thickness and phosphorus (P)-content of the InAsP shell, we demonstrate the ability to further tune the emission energy via large strain-induced peak shifts that already exceed >100 meV at comparatively low fractional P-contents. Increasing the P-content is found to give rise to additional line width broadening due to asymmetric shell growth generated by a unique transition from {110}- to {112}-sidewall growth as confirmed by cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy. The results also elucidate the detrimental effects of plastic strain relaxation on the emission characteristics, particularly in core-shell structures with very high P-content and shell thickness. Overall, our findings highlight that enhanced mid-infrared emission efficiencies with effective carrier confinement and suppression of nonradiative recombination are highly sensitive to the quality of the InAs-InAsP core-shell interface.
The role of anillin in meiotic cytokinesis of <i>Drosophila</i> males (1999)

Anillin is a 190 kDa actin-binding protein that concentrates in the leading edges of furrow canals during Drosophila cellularization and in the cleavage furrow of both somatic and meiotic cells. We analyzed anillin behavior during D. melanogaster spermatogenesis, and focused on the relationships between this protein and the F-actin enriched structures. In meiotic anaphases anillin concentrates in a narrow band around the cell equator. Cytological analysis of wild-type meiosis and examination of mutants defective in contractile ring assembly (chickadee and KLP3A), revealed that the formation of the anillin cortical band occurs before, and does not require the assembly of the F-actin based contractile ring. However, once the acto-myosin ring is assembled, the anillin band precisely colocalizes with this cytokinetic structure, accompanying its contraction throughout anaphase and telophase. In chickadee and KLP3A mutant ana-telophases the cortical anillin band fails to constrict, indicating that its contraction is normally driven by the cytokinetic ring. These findings, coupled with the analysis of anillin behavior in twinstar mutants, suggested a model on the role of anillin during cytokinesis. During anaphase anillin would concentrate in the cleavage furrow before the assembly of the contractile ring, binding the equatorial cortex, perhaps through its carboxy-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. Anillin would then interact with the actin filaments of the acto-myosin ring through its actin-binding domain, anchoring the contractile ring to the plasma membrane throughout cytokinesis.
Transcriptional Analysis of Normal Human Fibroblast Responses to Microgravity Stress (2008)

To understand the molecular mechanism(s) of how spaceflight affects cellular signaling pathways, quiescent normal human WI-38 fibroblasts were flown on the STS-93 space shuttle mission. Subsequently, RNA samples from the space-flown and ground-control cells were used to construct two cDNA libraries, which were then processed for suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) to identify spaceflight-specific gene expression. The SSH data show that key genes related to oxidative stress, DNA repair, and fatty acid oxidation are activated by spaceflight, suggesting the induction of cellular oxidative stress. This is further substantiated by the up-regulation of neuregulin 1 and the calcium-binding protein calmodulin 2. Another obvious stress sign is that spaceflight evokes the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase signaling pathways, along with up-regulating several G1-phase cell cycle traverse genes. Other genes showing up-regulation of expression are involved in protein synthesis and pro-apoptosis, as well as pro-survival. Interactome analysis of functionally related genes shows that c-Myc is the "hub" for those genes showing significant changes. Hence, our results suggest that microgravity travel may impact changes in gene expression mostly associated with cellular stress signaling, directing cells to either apoptotic death or premature senescence.
Air-Entrainment Phenomenon in Mineral Lubricating Oils (1985)

Abstract Air-release values of mineral base oils are adversely affected by certain minor constituents which are preferentially adsorbed over the dispersed air bubbles. Such components of a few selected base oils having high air-release values were isolated by adsorbent treatment and solvent-extraction steps. Among the various adsorbents and solvents tried, silica gel and isopropanol were found to be the most effective in improving air-release values of the base oils studied. The components of base oils so separated were further fractionated and analyzed. The results indicated that the fraction of the base oils responsible for poor air release is rich in aromatics, naphthenes, nitrogen, and sulfur. A theoretical method for calculating the air-release value of base oils within the framework of IP 313 experiment has been proposed. The calculated values are valid only for ideal base oils, ie, those which are essentially free from components which are adsorbed on dispersed air bubble surface. Thus, with silica-gel-treated base oils, the calculated and the experimental air-release values showed excellent agreement. Presented at the 39th Annual Meeting in Chicago, Illinois, May 7–10, 1984 Notes Presented at the 39th Annual Meeting in Chicago, Illinois, May 7–10, 1984
Macro-microscopic fluorescence of human bladder cancer using hypericin fluorescence cystoscopy and laser confocal microscopy (2003)

The early detection of carcinoma is very essential for the diagnosis and prognosis of a bladder cancer patient. In this study we have investigated the use of hypericin as a fluorescent tumour marker and laser confocal microscopy as a diagnostic tool to aid the diagnosis of such cancers. Both cellular and clinical studies have been conducted. In the cellular studies, we have compared two bladder cell lines for the uptake and sub-cellular localization of hypericin. It was found that there was a rapid uptake and clearance of hypericin and significant localization in mitochondria and lysosomes. The study also revealed that there was a time-dependent increase in fluorescence intensity in bladder cells. The optimum localization was found to be 2-4 h post drug incubation. In the clinical study, consisting of 30 patients, both white light and fluorescence cystoscopy were performed after hypericin instillation. Biopsies taken from fluorescing regions were imaged using the confocal microscope. The order of fluorescence was detected to be as follows: normal < inflammation < grade 1 < grade 2 < CIS < grade 3. It was also found that the fluorescence intensity increased with the stage of the disease thereby enabling the determination of the degree of invasiveness of cancer. This enables the use of hypericin as a prognostic marker and laser confocal microscopy as a tool to aid in diagnosis of bladder cancer.
A Molecular Docking and Dynamics Study to Screen Potent Anti-Staphylococcal Compounds Against Ceftaroline Resistant MRSA (2015)

World Health Organization reports that methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the origin of higher proportion of hospital acquired infections. In order to combat the effect of MRSA infection, an ideal drug should stimulate the allosteric exposure of active site, prompting penicillin binding proteins (PBP2a) to bind with that particular compound. Ceftaroline shows high binding affinity towards PBP2a and also confers resistance against degrading enzymes. Recently, two amino acid alterations in the allosteric site of PBP2a, asparagine (N) to lysine (K) at position 146 and glutamic acid (E) to lysine at position 150 are reported to confer resistance against ceftaroline resulting in the rise of ceftaroline-resistant MRSA strains. The present study focuses on the identification of potential ligands that can effectively bind with allosteric site of PBP2a, that leads to the access of active site and entry of a β-lactam antibiotic for effective inhibition. The results obtained from our study will be useful for designing effective compounds with potential therapeutic effects against ceftaroline resistant MRSA strains.
Supplement 1: Octave-spanning dissipative Kerr soliton frequency combs in Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> microresonators (2017)

Supplementary information document and figures Originally published in Optica on 20 July 2017 (optica-4-7-684)
Implementing a Real-Time Suggestion Service in a Library Discovery Layer (2010)

As part of an effort to improve user interactions with authority data in its online catalog, the UNC Chapel Hill Libraries have developed and implemented a system for providing real-time query suggestions from records found within its catalog. The system takes user input as it is typed to predict likely title, author, or subject matches in a manner functionally similar to the systems found on commercial websites such as google.com or amazon.com. This paper discusses the technologies, decisions and methodologies that went into the implementation of this feature, as well as analysis of its impact on user search behaviors.
Application of maximum likelihood and bootstrap methods to nonlinear curve‐fit problems in geochemistry (2002)

We apply maximum likelihood and bootstrap methods to the assess parameter estimates and confidence intervals in nonlinear geochemical data analysis. We focus primarily on the regression of “double error” data, or x−y data pairs, where both variables are measurements subject to error (e.g., isochron fitting), but the methods we discuss are general and can be applied to any nonlinear regression. We review the differences between least squares and maximum likelihood methods and describe how maximum likelihood can be naturally extended to permit robust regressions that are relatively insensitive to outliers. We describe the bootstrap technique for the estimation of the standard error and confidence intervals of a model and show how it can be used to sidestep the mathematical intractability of estimating uncertainty in nonlinear regressions. We illustrate the application of these methods through examples using synthetic and real data and demonstrate how they can influence statistical perception of nonlinear parameter estimates. In particular, we demonstrate how the linearized methods that are commonly used to make uncertainty estimates can substantially underestimate model error, and we show how this problem can be addressed with bootstrap confidence intervals that automatically adjust to account for intrinsic asymmetry and non‐Gaussian behavior in a regression. We include computer code to implement the calculations we describe as supplements to this article.