gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extracellular matrix promotes mammary epithelial growth and differentiation in vitro. (1982)

The study of growth and differentiation of mammary epithelium has been hampered by the difficulty of maintaining these functions in vitro. We describe a system for the primary culture of rat mammary epithelium on an acellular matrix derived from whole rat mammary glands that maintains growth and differentiation for months. Cultures plated on this complex substratum produce 50 times the alpha-lactalbumin of those on tissue culture dishes and 5 times the alpha-lactalbumin of those on floating collagen gels as determined by radioimmunoassay. Unlike cultures grown on floating collagen gels, which rapidly lose the ability to secrete the milk sugar lactose, mammary cells on this matrix retain this ability for over 30 days in culture. The organ specificity of this mammary extracellular material is shown by the failure of extracellular matrix prepared from rat liver to support mammary differentiation. Within a given culture dish, cells on the surface of mammary extracellular matrix are more differentiated than those on the adjacent plastic. This is demonstrated by their increased alpha-lactalbumin content as shown by indirect immunofluorescence, and by their increased ability to bind fluorescein-conjugated peanut lectin. Cells on the surface of the matrix continue to synthesize DNA as determined by [3H]thymidine incorporation and autoradiography. Even when mammary epithelial cells are plated at low density, cell division continues until the matrix is covered with a confluent layer. We propose that the limited growth, differentiation, and survival of mammary cells in previously described in vitro systems may have been due to substrate that were inadequate to support these functions.
A novel charge recovery logic structure with complementary pass-transistor network (2012)

This paper presents a new charge recovery logic structure called Complementary Pass-transistor Boost Logic (CPBL). CPBL is a low-power charge recovery logic structure powered by 2-phase non-overlap alternating power clocks and requires no DC power supply. To demonstrate the energy efficiency of CPBL, 4-bit counter is designed to show the energy comparison among CPBL, Complementary Pass-transistor Adiabatic Logic (CPAL) and the conventional static CMOS with 0.18μm process. The simulation results indicate that CPBL implementation reduces about 65% power dissipation compared with the static CMOS counterpart in a range from 50MHz to 500MHz and dissipates about 40% energy with respect to CPAL at 200MHz.
Analog CMOS current-mode implementation of the feedforward neural network with on-chip learning and storage (2002)

Based on the outstar structure and the ratio memory, a feedforward Hamming neural network with on-chip learning and storage is designed in CMOS current-mode circuits. The implemented feedforward net can be used as a pattern classifier. The chip of the feedforward Hamming net has been fabricated by 0.8 /spl mu/m double-poly double-metal n-well CMOS process. The experimental results show that the ratio memory has the contrast enhancement characteristic. Also, the classifier can recognize the distorted pattern which is darken, brighten, level-shifted, or noisy of the exemplar pattern with gray level recognition capability.
Silylation of organic halides. New method of forming the carbon-silicon bond (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSilylation of organic halides. New method of forming the carbon-silicon bondRobert A. Benkeser, James M. Gaul, and William Edward SmithCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 13, 3666–3667Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1969https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01041a051RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views538Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (260 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Possibilities of joining galvanized sheet steel using the CMT method (cold metal transfer) (2011)

A new method of joining galvanized sheet steel is the cold metal transfer (CMT) process developed by Fronius1-4. This method involves the use of a short-circuit arc, and its characteristics, which ...
Identification of the allergenic proteins of<i>Ipomoea fistulosa</i>pollen: Partial characterization and sensitivity test (1997)

Total soluble proteins were extracted from the pollen of Ipomoea fistulosa and subjected to ammonium sulphate precipitation at 80% saturation.Total protein was separated on SDS Polyacrylamide gel.Each band was recovered from the gel by electroelution avoiding the time-consuming and expensive biochemical methods of column chromatography.The allergenic proteins were identified by skin tests.The fourth and the fifth band in the protein profile of I. fistulosa, IF 4 (47 kDa) and IF 5 (42 kDa) were the two major allergenic components of I. fistulosa.The protein profiles showed slight variations in the pollen collected from different geographical regions.
ACME: Adaptive Caching Using Multiple Experts (2002)

The gap between CPU speeds and the speed of the technologies provid-ing the data is increasing. As a result, latency and bandwidth to needed data is limited by the performance of the storage devices and the networks that connect them to the CPU. Distributed caching techniques are often used to reduce the penalties associated with such caching; however, such techniques need further development to be truly integrated into the network. This pa-per describes the preliminary design of an adaptive caching scheme using multiple experts, called ACME. ACME is used to manage the replacement policies within distributed caches to further improve the hit rates over static caching techniques. We propose the use of machine learning algorithms to rate and select the current best policies or mixtures of policies via weight updates based on their recent success, allowing each adaptive cache node to tune itself based on the workload it observes. Since no cache databases or synchronization messages are exchanged for adaptivity, the clusters com-posed of these nodes will be scalable and manageable. We show that static techniques are suboptimal when combined in networks of caches, providing potential for adaptivity to improve performance.
Growth of biaxially textured RE<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>buffer layers on rolled-Ni substrates using reactive evaporation for HTS-coated conductors (1999)

In an effort to develop alternative single buffer layer architectures for YBCO (YBa2Cu3O7-y) coated conductors, we have studied RE2O3 (RE = Y, and rare earths) as candidate materials. High-quality Y2O3, Gd2O3 and Yb2O3 buffer layers were grown epitaxially on biaxially textured Ni (100) substrates using reactive electron beam evaporation. Using thermodynamic considerations for the formation of metal oxides, we employed both reducing atmospheres and water vapour to oxidize the film in situ to form stoichiometric RE2O3. We have also prevented NiO formation at the substrate-film interface during this process. Detailed x-ray studies have shown that the Y2O3, Gd2O3 and Yb2O3 films were grown with a single epitaxial orientation. The lattice mismatch between YBCO and Gd2O3 was small as compared with that of YBCO with other rare earth oxides. SEM micrographs indicated that ~0.5 µm thick Y2O3 films on rolled-Ni substrates were dense, continuous and crack free. A high Jc of 1.8 × 106 A cm-2 at 77 K and self-field was obtained on YBCO films grown on alternative buffer layers with a layer sequence of YBCO/Yb2O3 (sputtered)/Y2O3 (e-beam)/Ni.
Photovoltaic Performance of Polymers Based on Dithienylthienopyrazines Bearing Thermocleavable Benzoate Esters (2010)

Thermocleavable low-band-gap polymers based on dithienylthienopyrazines were prepared and copolymerized with different donor units like dialkoxybenzene, fluorene, thiophene, and cyclopentadithiophene (CPDT) using both Stille and Suzuki cross-coupling reactions. In the solid state the band gaps are in the range of 1.17−1.37 eV. The polymers were explored as donor materials in bulk heterojunction solar cells together with PCBM as the acceptor material where they were shown to exhibit a photoresponse in the full absorption range up to 900 nm and power conversion efficiencies of up to 1.21% under 1 sun irradiation. A red shift of the absorption edge on going from solution to the solid film was observed for all the polymers. Thermogravimetric analysis of the polymers in the temperature range from 25 to 500 °C showed a weight loss at just above 200 °C, corresponding to loss of the tertiary ester groups, and a second weight loss above 400 °C, corresponding to loss of CO2 and decomposition. Upon thermocleavage the power conversion efficiency decreased for all the polymers while the polymer films became insoluble which was desired in the context of multilayer film processing. Thermocleavable low-band-gap materials can potentially offer better light harvesting, better operational stability, and a higher level of permissible processing conditions due to the insolubility of thermocleaved films in all solvents.
Multiobjective Optimization of FPGA-Based Medical Image Registration (2008)

With a multitude of technological innovations, one emerging trend in image processing, and medical image processing, in particular, is custom hardware implementation of computationally intensive algorithms in the quest to achieve real-time performance. For reasons of area-efficiency and performance, these implementations often employ limited-precision datapaths. Identifying effective wordlengths for these datapaths while accounting for tradeoffs between design complexity and accuracy is a critical and time consuming aspect of this design process. Having access to optimized tradeoff curves can equip designers to adapt their designs to different performance requirements and target specific devices while reducing design time. This paper presents a multiobjective optimization strategy developed in the context of field-programmable gate array-based implementation of medical image registration. Within this framework, we compare several search methods and demonstrate the applicability of an evolutionary algorithm-based search for efficiently identifying superior multiobjective tradeoff curves. This strategy can easily be adapted to a wide range of signal processing applications, including areas of image and video processing beyond the medical domain.
Sensitivity of a Vacuum Aspiratory Culture Technique for Diagnosis of Localized Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in an Endemic Area of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Transmission (1999)

Sixty eight patients with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis from an area with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis transmission had cultures performed with a modified Marzochís vacuum aspiratory puncture technique to establish sensitivity and contamination rate with this new method. Overall sensitivity of three aspirates was 47.1%; (CI95% 39.4; 59.4) significantly greater than the sensitivity of a single one aspirate. Fungal contamination was observed in 6/204 (2.9%) inoculated culture tubes. We recommend that this useful technique should be adopted as routine for primary isolation of L. (V.) braziliensis from localized cutaneous ulcers.
Resolution of experimental and tick-borne Borrelia burgdorferi infection in mice by passive, but not active immunization using recombinant OspC (1999)

Vaccination with outer surface protein A (OspA) of Borrelia burgdorferiprevents subsequent infection and disease in both laboratory animals and humans with high efficacy. OspA-based immunity, however, does not affect established infection due to the loss of OspA expression in the vertebrate host. We show here that repeated passive transfer of mouse and/or rabbit immune sera to recombinant GST-OspC fusion protein resulted in a dose-dependent resolution (1) of fully established arthritis and carditis as well as infection in needle-challengedC.B-17 SCID and (2) of infection in both experimentally and tick-infected BALB/c mice. Unexpectedly, active immunization of disease-susceptible AKR/N mice with GST-OspC only led to prevention but not resolution of disease and infection, in spite of high serum titers of OspC-specific Ab and the expression of ospC in tissue-derived spirochetes. The data suggest that the efficacy of OspC antibody-mediated immunity depends on the immunological history of the recipient and/or environment-dependent regulation of OspC surface expression by spirochetes in vivo.The results encourage further attempts to develop therapeutic vaccination protocols against Lyme disease.
An Efficient Method for Entrapping Ionic Mediators in the Enzyme Layer of Mediated Amperometric Biosensors (1988)

Journal Article An Efficient Method for Entrapping Ionic Mediators in the Enzyme Layer of Mediated Amperometric Biosensors Get access Tokuji Ikeda, Tokuji Ikeda Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Takuo Shiraishi, Takuo Shiraishi Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mitsugi Senda Mitsugi Senda Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 52, Issue 12, 1 December 1988, Pages 3187–3188, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1988.10869206 Published: 01 December 1988 Article history Received: 27 June 1988 Published: 01 December 1988
Electronic structure of hydrogenated and unhydrogenated amorphous<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Si</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">N</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mi> </mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>0</mml:mn><mml:mn/><mml:mi>≤</mml:mi><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mi>≤</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:math>: A photoemission study (1984)

We present a comprehensive core-level and valence-band photoemission study of hydrogenated and unhydrogenated amorphous silicon nitride ($a\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{N}}_{x}:\mathrm{H}$ and $a\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{N}}_{x}$). Position, width, and shape of the Si $2p$ line as a function of $x$ are interpreted in terms of a superposition of five chemically shifted components which correspond to the possible $\mathrm{Si}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{Si}}_{4\ensuremath{-}n}{\mathrm{N}}_{n}(n=0,\dots{},4)$ bonding configurations. The chemical shift per Si---N bond is between 0.62 ($x\ensuremath{\le}0.6$) and 0.78 eV ($x\ensuremath{\simeq}1.3$). From the intensities of the chemically shifted Si $2p$ components the number of Si---N bonds is calculated and compared with the total nitrogen concentration. Above $x\ensuremath{\simeq}0.8$ the average number of N---Si bonds per N starts to deviate from three. The addition of hydrogen increases this deviation because N---H bonds are favored over N---Si bonds. A band of N $2p$ lone-pair states is identified at the top of the valence bands in nearly stoichiometric $a$-${\mathrm{Si}}_{3}$${\mathrm{N}}_{4}$. This band determines the position of the valenceband maximum (VBM) above $x=1.1$. Below $x=1.1$ Si---Si bonding states mark the VBM. The conduction-band minimum (CBM) is determined by Si-Si antibonding states up to $x=1.25$ and its position relative to the core levels is virtually unaffected by the presence of nitrogen or hydrogen. Above $x=1.25$, a transition to Si-N antibonding states occurs which is accompanied by a sharp recession of the CBM. The position of the Fermi energy within the gap is investigated as a function of $x$ and the hydrogen content. Si---H and N---H bonding states are identified at 6.3 and 9.8 eV below the VBM in nearly stoichiometric $a$-${\mathrm{Si}}_{3}$${\mathrm{N}}_{1}$: H. Si---Si bonding defect states lie 0.5 to 1.0 eV above the VBM and the corresponding antibonding states (3.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3) eV above the VBM. Plasmon energies vary between 17 eV in $a$-Si and 22 eV in $a$-${\mathrm{SiN}}_{1.5}$.
Reporting sexual risk behavior for HIV: a practical risk index and a method for improving risk indices. (1998)

The MOR represents a powerful new tool to develop valid comparable measures of sexual risk behavior and, thereby, to advance HIV prevention research.
Risk of developing tuberculosis under anti-TNF treatment despite latent infection screening (2012)

In the IBD population under study, incidence of TB infection associated with anti-TNF therapy is higher than that reported in controlled trials and occurs early after treatment initiation. False negative results of LTBI despite appropriate measures may occur, suggesting that more effective screening strategies are needed.
A Method for Counting People in Crowded Scenes (2010)

This paper presents a novel method to count people for video surveillance applications. Methods in the literature either follow a direct approach, by first detecting people and then counting them, or an indirect approach, by establishing a relation between some easily detectable scene features and the estimated number of people. The indirect approach is considerably more robust, but it is not easy to take into account such factors as perspective or people groups with different densities. The proposed technique, while based on the indirect approach, specifically addresses these problems; furthermore it is based on a trainable estimator that does not require an explicit formulation of a priori knowledge about the perspective and density effects present in the scene at hand. In the experimental evaluation, the method has been extensively compared with the algorithm by Albiol et al, which provided the highest performance at the PETS 2009 contest on people counting. The experimentation has used the public PETS 2009 datasets. The results confirm that the proposed method improves the accuracy, while retaining the robustness of the indirect approach.
The predictive value of gray matter atrophy in clinically isolated syndromes (2011)

Selective GM atrophy is relevant in patients with CIS who convert early to MS. The inclusion of GM analysis in the MS diagnostic workup is worthy of further investigation.
Interconnect for commodity FPGA clusters: Standardized or customized? (2014)

We demonstrate that a small library of customizable interconnect components permits low-area, high-performance, reliable communication tuned to an application, by analogy with the way designers customize their compute. Whilst soft cores for standard protocols (Ethernet, RapidIO, Infiniband, Interlaken) are a boon for FPGA-to-other-system interconnect, we argue that they are inefficient and unnecessary for FPGA-to-FPGA interconnect. Using the example of BlueLink, our lightweight pluggable interconnect library, we describe how to construct reliable FPGA clusters from hundreds of lower-cost commodity FPGA boards. Utilizing the increasing number of serial links on FPGAs demands efficient use of soft-logic, making domain-optimized custom interconnect attractive for some time to come.
Kinetic characterization of the ATPase activity of the DNA packaging enzyme from bacteriophage .lambda. (1993)

Terminases are enzymes common to all of the complex double-stranded DNA viruses and are required for viral assembly. These enzymes function to excise a single viral genome from a concatemeric DNA precursor and package it into a preformed protective protein shell or capsid. ATP hydrolysis by these enzymes has been described and appears to be critical to the packaging process. We have previously characterized the endonuclease activity of purified terminase from bacteriophage lambda [Tomka, M. A., & Catalano, C. E. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 3056-3065], and we describe here a kinetic characterization of the ATPase activity of the enzyme. lambda Terminase possesses a DNA-stimulated ATPase activity and hydrolyzes ATP to ADP and Pi. This activity requires divalent metal and is supported by all of the group IIa metals examined, as well as Mn2+. The reaction is also stimulated by NaCl, GTP, and dGTP. Of note is that neither of the guanosine nucleotides is hydrolyzed by the enzyme, while dATP is hydrolyzed at a rate comparable to that of ATP. Kinetic analysis of the ATPase activity revealed two apparent binding sites for ATP hydrolysis. The high-affinity site (Km = 5 microM) and low-affinity site (Km approximately 1.3 mM) hydrolyze ATP with kcat = 3 and 16 min-1, respectively. While the high-affinity site is unaffected by the presence of DNA, ATP hydrolysis at the low-affinity site is stimulated by DNA, which results from both a decrease in the Km and a concomitant increase in the kcat of the reaction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A conceptual framework for understanding business processes and business process modelling (2000)

Abstract It is increasingly common to describe organizations as sets of business processes that can be analysed and improved by approaches such as business process modelling. Successful business process modelling relies on an adequate view of the nature of business processes, but there is a surprising divergence of opinion about the nature of these processes. This paper proposes a conceptual framework to organize different views of business processes under four headings. It also aims at providing an integrated discussion of the different streams of thought, their strengths and limitations, within business process modelling. It argues that the multifaceted nature of business processes calls for pluralistic and multidisciplinary modelling approaches.
The Electoral College of 1787 (2020)

Abstract The Electoral College adopted at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 sought a president who would be a consensus choice in the model of George Washington. To produce a consensus choice, the delegates adopted a system that gave each elector two votes and required each elector to vote for two individuals from different states. The hope was that even if electors gave one vote to a home-state favorite, they would give their second vote to a national-consensus candidate. The delegates nonetheless insisted that, to win, a candidate must receive votes from a majority of electors, not merely a plurality.
Colloidal Hybrid Nanostructures: A New Type of Functional Materials (2010)

One key goal of nanocrystal research is the development of experimental methods to selectively control the composition and shape of nanocrystals over a wide range of material combinations. The ability to selectively arrange nanosized domains of metallic, semiconducting, and magnetic materials into a single hybrid nanoparticle offers an intriguing route to engineer nanomaterials with multiple functionalities or the enhanced properties of one domain. In this Review, we focus on recent strategies used to create semiconductor-metal hybrid nanoparticles, present the emergent properties of these multicomponent materials, and discuss their potential applicability in different technologies.