gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Developments in elemental concentration logging and applications (1991)

It is noted that the past decade has seen a dramatic growth of gamma-ray spectroscopy logging as a tool for solving geophysical problems. Developments have provided absolute elemental concentrations for a larger set of elements, using elemental analysis (including tracers) for solving many specific oil-field problems and providing a basis, through geochemical research, for developing a wide range of applications of borehole elemental analyses, such as chemically described mineralogy. Physical properties have been related to the mineral structure of the formation rock, such as cation exchange capacity, grain density, permeability, and source rock evaluation. Some areas of further development, both in the techniques of elemental logging and in the applications of the data, are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A new symbol timing and carrier frequency offset estimation algorithm for noncoherent orthogonal M-CPFSK (1997)

We present a new joint symbol timing and carrier frequency offset estimation algorithm for noncoherent orthogonal continuous-phase M-ary frequency-shift keying (M-CPFSK). Our algorithm performs nondata-aided feedforward processing of finite-length observations, and it is suited for an all-digital modem implementation based on a DSP or an ASIC processor. The algorithm exploits phase continuity of M-CPFSK in order to generate both a spectral component at the carrier frequency offset and a timing error signal. This is obtained without nonlinear transformations of the received signal involving noise/spl times/noise products. Thus, our algorithm can operate at a very low input signal-to-noise ratio. We discuss the operating range of our algorithm, and we show that no additional overhead (training sequence) in excess of the standard overhead of FDMA/TDMA packet transmission is required to resolve timing and frequency ambiguities. Moreover, we show that by differentially preceding the transmitted symbols, it is possible to eliminate automatically frequency ambiguities, at the price of a slight increase in the bit-error rate. An approximate mean-square error analysis of the estimators and simulation results prove that our algorithm provides good performance, even with a relatively short observation block length and large carrier frequency offset. Computer simulations show also that our algorithm is extremely robust to phase noise. These features make our algorithm a good candidate for satellite FDMA/TDMA applications in the 20-30 GHz band, with a large number of users and bursty transmission.
Impact of the De-Alloying Kinetics and Alloy Microstructure on the Final Morphology of De-Alloyed Meso-Porous Metal Films (2014)

Nano-textured porous metal materials present unique surface properties due to their enhanced surface energy with potential applications in sensing, molecular separation and catalysis. In this paper, commercial alloy foils, including brass (Cu<sub>85</sub>Zn<sub>15</sub> and Cu<sub>70</sub>Zn<sub>30</sub>) and white gold (Au<sub>50</sub>Ag<sub>50</sub>) foils have been chemically de-alloyed to form nano-porous thin films. The impact of the initial alloy micro-structure and number of phases, as well as chemical de-alloying (DA) parameters, including etchant concentration, time and solution temperature on the final nano-porous thin film morphology and properties were investigated by electron microscopy (EM). Furthermore, the penetration depth of the pores across the alloys were evaluated through the preparation of cross sections by focus ion beam (FIB) milling. It is demonstrated that ordered pores ranging between 100 nm and 600 nm in diameter and 2-5 μm in depth can be successfully formed for the range of materials tested. The microstructure of the foils were obtained by electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) and linked to development of pits across the material thickness and surface during DA. The role of selective etching of both noble and sacrificial metal phases of the alloy were discussed in light of the competitive surface etching across the range of microstructures and materials tested.
REVIEW (1985)

Aborigines, Land and Land Rights . By Nicolas Peterson and Marcia Langton (eds). Canberra. Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, 1983. Pp. viii + 468.
Metal chalcogenide–organic nanostructured composites from self-assembled organic amine templates (1998)

Hexagonal and lamellar nanostructured organic–metal chalcogenide composites have been prepared by the reaction of metal salt aliphatic-amine nanostructured adducts with Na2S or Na2Se solution; nanostructured composites of CdS, SnS2 , Sb2S3 and CdSe with long-chain aliphatic amines obtained in this manner have been characterized.
Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic assessment of the effects of E4031, cisapride, terfenadine and terodiline on monophasic action potential duration in dog (2001)

1. Torsades de pointes (TDP) is a potentially fatal ventricular tachycardia associated with increases in QT interval and monophasic action potential duration (MAPD). TDP is a side-effect that has led to withdrawal of several drugs from the market (e.g. terfenadine and terodiline). 2. The potential of compounds to cause TDP was evaluated by monitoring their effects on MAPD in dog. Four compounds known to increase QT interval and cause TDP were investigated: terfenadine, terodiline, cisapride and E4031. On the basis that only free drug in the systemic circulation will elicit a pharmacological response target, free concentrations in plasma were selected to mimic the free drug exposures in man. Infusion regimens were designed that rapidly achieved and maintained target-free concentrations of these drugs in plasma and data on the relationship between free concentration and changes in MAPD were obtained for these compounds. 3. These data indicate that the free ED50 in plasma for terfenadine (1.9 nM), terodiline (76 nM), cisapride (11 nM) and E4031 (1.9 nM) closely correlate with the free concentration in man causing QT effects. For compounds that have shown TDP in the clinic (terfenadine, terodiline, cisapride) there is little differentiation between the dog ED50 and the efficacious free plasma concentrations in man (< 10-fold) reflecting their limited safety margins. These data underline the need to maximize the therapeutic ratio with respect to TDP in potential development candidates and the importance of using free drug concentrations in pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies.
A Miniature Implanted Inverted-F Antenna for GPS Application (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A miniature implanted Hilbert inverted-F antenna design at the 1.575 GHz global positioning system (GPS) frequency is proposed, which can be used to track the location of its user, e.g., the elderly with declining mental capacity (Alzheimer's disease). A detailed parametric study of the antenna design is performed by considering it to be implanted within a human muscle model. The effects of the substrate, superstrate, and the nearby muscle tissue on antenna performance are carefully investigated. A laboratory prototype of the antenna was built and tested within a muscle equivalent fluid indicating good VSWR performance. Finally the said antenna when placed within the tissue equivalent fluid was also tested to track GPS satellites with the help of a low noise amplifier (LNA). Such field measurements demonstrate that the antenna can easily lock into six or more satellites which are more than enough to determine the location of a person. </para>
Multiple Exciton Collection in a Sensitized Photovoltaic System (2010)

Multiple exciton generation, the creation of two electron-hole pairs from one high-energy photon, is well established in bulk semiconductors, but assessments of the efficiency of this effect remain controversial in quantum-confined systems like semiconductor nanocrystals. We used a photoelectrochemical system composed of PbS nanocrystals chemically bound to TiO(2) single crystals to demonstrate the collection of photocurrents with quantum yields greater than one electron per photon. The strong electronic coupling and favorable energy level alignment between PbS nanocrystals and bulk TiO(2) facilitate extraction of multiple excitons more quickly than they recombine, as well as collection of hot electrons from higher quantum dot excited states. Our results have implications for increasing the efficiency of photovoltaic devices by avoiding losses resulting from the thermalization of photogenerated carriers.
Calcium imaging with chemiluminescence (1999)

This review updates the imaging of free cytosolic calcium with the chemiluminescent aequorins. Basic principles of chemiluminescence are discussed and the biochemistry of aequorins is briefly described. The review provides practical tips on handling and microinjecting aequorins and describes available ultra low light imaging systems. It is argued that aequorin-based calcium imaging is the method of choice for exploratory studies, since it is extremely sensitive, can detect a broad range of calcium concentrations, and allows for continuous recording during long periods of time. However, fluorescent methods are needed to attain high spatial resolution. Microsc. Res. Tech. 46:390–397, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Physical layer key generation in wireless networks: challenges and opportunities (2015)

Physical layer key generation that exploits reciprocity and randomness of wireless fading channels has attracted considerable research attention in recent years. Although theoretical study has shown its potential to generate information- theoretic secure keys, great challenges remain when transforming the theory into practice. This article provides an overview of the physical layer key generation process and discusses its practical challenges. Different passive and active attacks are analyzed and evaluated through numerical study. A new key generation scheme using random probing signals, and combining user generated randomness and channel randomness, is introduced as a countermeasure against active attacks. The numerical results show that the proposed scheme achieves higher security strength than existing schemes using constant probing signals under active attacks. Future research topics on physical layer key generation are discussed.
Molecular Characterization of Genes Coding for Wild-Type and Sulfonylurea-Resistant Acetolactate Synthase in the Cyanobacterium Synechococcus PC C7942 (1990)

We present here the isolation and molecular characterization of acetolactate synthase (ALS) genes from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC7942 which specify a sulfonylurea-sensitive enzyme and from the sulfonylurea-resistant mutant SM 3/20, which specify resistance to sulfonylurea herbicides. The ALS gene was cloned and mapped by complementation of an Escherichia coli ilv auxotroph that requires branched-chain amino acids for growth and lacks ALS activity. The cyanobacterial gene is efficiently expressed in this heterologous host. The ALS gene codes for 612 amino acids and shows high sequence homology (46%) at the amino acid level with ALS III of E. coli and with the tobacco ALS. The resistant phenotype is a consequence of proline to serine substitution in residue 115 of the deduced amino acid sequence. Functional expression of the mutant gene in wild-type Synechococcus and in E. coli confirmed that this amino-acid substitution is responsible for the resistance. Yet the deduced amino-acid sequence as compared with other ALS proteins supports the notion that the amino-acid context of the substitution is important for the resistance.
[Efficacy and withdrawal of clobazam, lorazepam and buspirone in the treatment of anxiety disorders]. (2000)

This multicentre study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and consequences of progressive or abrupt withdrawal of clobazam in the treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder in a double blind study in comparison to lorazepam and buspirone. 128 outpatients suffering from Generalized Anxiety Disorder according to DMS III criteria were included in the study and treated for three weeks. They were randomly divided into 4 groups: group 1: 32 patients receiving clobazam, abruptly withdrawn and replaced by a placebo; group 2: 29 patients receiving clobazam with progressive withdrawal over 3 weeks, clobazam being replaced by a placebo; group 3: 33 patients receiving lorazepam with progressive withdrawal over 3 weeks, lorazepam being replaced by a placebo; group 4: 34 patients receiving buspirone, abruptly withdrawn and replaced by a placebo. The dosages were increased progressively during the first week of treatment. At the end of this time, the patients received either 30 mg clobazam or 30 mg buspirone or 3 mg lorazepam daily. After the first week, the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) showed a significant improvement in clobazam and lorazepam groups but not in buspirone group. All the drugs were equally effective after three weeks of treatment. The anti-anxiety activity persisted after withdrawal of the studied drug in the 4 groups, without any signs of rebound anxiety or withdrawal syndrome. No clinically relevant differences were found between the 4 groups regarding safety. The side-effects reported were mainly drowsiness in clobazam and lorazepam groups, nausea and headache in buspirone group. In conclusion, clobazam like lorazepam improved anxiety more quickly than buspirone; after 3 weeks of therapy, efficacy was comparable with the 3 drugs and persisted after treatment discontinuation.
Role of Anion Vacancies in Nitrogen‐Stabilized Zirconia (1993)

Introduction of nitrogen into zirconia creates oxygen vacancies in the anion sublattice as required by charge neutrality when N 3− replaces for O 2− in the structure, being similar to those obtained by lower valency cation substitution for zirconium. There is no essential structural difference between the cation‐related vacancy and the anion‐related vacancy, and their effects on the stabilization of zirconia are additive. The zirconia structure can, when formed in the Zi─Y─O─N system, tolerate a total of 6% of vacancies in the anion lattice without deviating from the original fluorite structure; above this limit, ZrN precipitates. Therefore, both partially and fully stabilized zirconia can dissolve a certain amount of nitrogen when these phases react with either atmospheric nitrogen or a solid nitride at high temperatures.
Upgrade of the SRS klystron power supply (2002)

The RF system for the 2 GeV Synchrotron Radiation Source (SRS), at Daresbury Laboratory consists of a 250 kW klystron feeding four normal conducting cavities via a waveguide feeder system. The klystron power converter is a 50 kV 15 A conventional roller regulator 6-pulse rectifier set with capacitor smoothing, giving an energy storage of 27 kJ. There is a 'crowbar' system using 4 ignitrons in series, this dumps the stored energy in 6 /spl mu/S for the protection of the klystron under spark conditions. Control of the klystron output is by adjustment of the modulating anode voltage with a 50 kV high voltage power supply incorporated within the main power converter. The power converter was designed and built 25 years ago and is now giving poor reliability, and is difficult and time consuming to maintain. Almost all the problems can be traced to the 'crowbar' and modulation anode system causing false firing of the protection circuits.
General pharmacological properties of the new proton pump inhibitor(+/-)-5-methoxy-2-(((methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyrid-2-yl)methyl)sulfinyl)-1H-imidazo(4,5-b)pyridine (1999)

The general pharmacological profiles of a novel proton pump inhibitor, (+/-)-5-methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyrid-2-yl)methyl]sulfi nyl]- 1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, TU-199) on the central nervous system, cardiorespiratory system, autonomic nervous system, gastrointestinal system and renal functions were investigated. TU-199 had no effects on general signs and behavior in mice. TU-199 (300 mg/kg p.o.) decreased locomotor activity 3 h after administration in mice. TU-199 had no effect on pentobarbital-induced hypnosis, analgesic activity and electroshock-induced convulsion in mice, and on rectal temperature in rats. However, TU-199 (300 mg/kg p.o.) showed slight anticonvulsant activity on pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsion in mice. TU-199 had no effect on respiratory rate, blood pressure, heart rate, femoral blood flow and electrocardiogram in anesthetized dogs. TU-199 (10(4) M) caused the cumulative concentration-response curve obtained with acetylcholine in isolated guinea pig ileum to shift to the right. However, TU-199 showed no effect on contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum and had no effect on intestinal motility in mice, gastric emptying in rats, bile secretion in rats and carbachol-induced salivary secretion in mice. TU-199 had no effect on urinary volume and excretion of electrolytes in rats. These results suggest that TU-199 does not induce serious adverse effects on the central nervous system, cardiorespiratory system, autonomic nervous system, gastrointestinal system and renal functions with the exception of a decrease in spontaneous motor activity with high doses.
Cavity Attenuators for Superconducting Qubits (2019)

Improving qubit coherence times is fundamental to the development of quantum computing technology. In most experiments in circuit quantum electrodynamics, dephasing induced by residual thermal photons in the readout resonator limits the coherence times of superconducting qubits. The authors design and test a type of microwave cavity attenuator that can be well thermalized to the base stage of a dilution refrigerator. With these cavity attenuators, they reproducibly measure enhanced qubit coherence times and report very low thermal-photon populations in the readout mode. This invention is a useful addition to the toolbox for state-of-the-art quantum circuitry.
Argon implantation gettering for a ’’through-oxide’’ arsenic-implanted layer (1977)

Argon implantation gettering was investigated to improve p-n junctions made by high-dose arsenic implantation through oxide film. Arsenic was implanted into p-type silicon through 520 Å oxide at 2×1015 to 1×1016 cm−2, 100–110 keV. When argon was implanted on the wafer back side at 1×1016 cm−2, 200 keV following arsenic implantation, all junctions showed hard breakdown. However, many junctions without argon implantation showed soft breakdown with large leakage current. Argon implantation reduced etch pits appearing in the arsenic-implanted region.
Nucleobase-grafted supramolecular polymers for tuning the surface properties (2013)

Nucleobase-grafted polycaprolactone has been prepared which exhibits amorphous nature, rapid photoresponse and controlled surface properties in the solid state owing to the formation of uracil–diamidopyridine (U–DAP) pairs by induced physical cross-linking. In addition, they can self-organize to alter material behavior with light, switching both optical and thermal properties. Remarkable changes in the surface morphology and the contact angle with water were also observed.
Urocortin 2 Inhibits Furosemide-Induced Activation of Renin and Enhances Renal Function and Diuretic Responsiveness in Experimental Heart Failure (2009)

Ucn2 cotreatment with furosemide enhanced hemodynamic and renal function and diuretic responsiveness (without additional potassium depletion) in experimental heart failure. Furthermore, Ucn2 reversed furosemide-induced increases in plasma renin activity and induced greater decreases in plasma aldosterone and vasopressin. These data indicate that adjunct Ucn2 therapy with diuretics in heart failure is beneficial.
CONSTRUCTION OF A RECTAL SPHINGTER AND RESTORATION OF ANAL CONTINENCE BY TRANSPLANTING THE GRACILIS MUSCLE (1952)

PICKRELL, KENNETH L. M.D.; BROADBENT, T. RAY M.D.; MASTERS, FRANK W. M.D.; METZGER, JAMES T. M.D. Author Information
The Human Solute Carrier Gene SLC35B4 Encodes a Bifunctional Nucleotide Sugar Transporter with Specificity for UDP-Xylose and UDP-N-Acetylglucosamine (2005)

The transport of nucleotide sugars from the cytoplasm into the Golgi apparatus is mediated by specialized type III proteins, the nucleotide sugar transporters (NSTs). Transport assays carried out in vitro with Golgi vesicles from mammalian cells showed specific uptake for a total of eight nucleotide sugars. When this study was started, NSTs with transport activities for all but two nucleotide sugars (UDP-Xyl and UDP-Glc) had been cloned. Aiming at identifying these elusive NSTs, bioinformatic methods were used to display putative NST sequences in the human genome. Ten open reading frames were identified, cloned, and heterologously expressed in yeast. Transport capabilities for UDP-Glc and UDP-Xyl were determined with Golgi vesicles isolated from transformed cells. Although a potential UDP-Glc transporter could not be identified due to the high endogenous transport background, the measurement of UDP-Xyl transport was possible on a zero background. Vesicles from yeast cells expressing the human gene SLC35B4 showed specific uptake of UDP-Xyl, and subsequent testing of other nucleotide sugars revealed a second activity for UDP-GlcNAc. Expression of the epitope-tagged SLC35B4 in mammalian cells demonstrated strict Golgi localization. Because decarboxylation of UDP-GlcA is known to produce UDP-Xyl directly in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi lumen, our data demonstrate that two ways exist to deliver UDP-Xyl to the Golgi apparatus.
Towards a Central Interest Rate Model (2010)

In recent years, the appearance of a new class of term structure of interest rate models has attracted the interest of practitioners. These so-called Market Models provide both an arbitrage-free pricing framework and pricing formulae that conform to the current (and accepted) market practice.
High Frequency Microwave Processing of Lithium Disilicate Glass‐Ceramic (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Work Results and Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgment
FTIR-Spectroscopy of Multistranded Coiled Coil Proteins (1999)

Coiled coils of different order were investigated using infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Recently, we demonstrated that dimeric coiled coils display unique vibrational spectra with at least three separable bands instead of only one band of a classical alpha-helix in the amide I region. This was attributed to a distortion of the helical structure by the supercoil bending, giving rise to bands that are not observed in the undistorted helix. Here, we investigated coiled coils forming trimers, tetramers, and pentamers. These higher order coiled coils, in general, possess larger superhelical pitches, resulting in a smaller helical distortion. We found that all coiled coils studied, including the native dimeric GCN4 leucine zipper and its variants leading to parallel trimers and tetramers as well as the rod portions of fibritin (parallel trimer), alpha-actinin (antiparallel spectrin type trimer), and COMP (parallel pentamer), displayed the typical three band pattern of the coiled coil amide I spectra. However, the separation of these three bands and their positional deviation from the classical alpha-helical band position was correlated to the extent of the helical distortion as reflected by the pitch values of the supercoils. The most pronounced spectral anomaly was found for the tropomyosin dimer with a reported helical pitch of 137 A, whereas the smallest spectral distortion was found for the pentameric COMP complex and the tetrameric leucine zipper mutant, both with a pitch of about 205 A.