gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lactococcus lactis glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene, gap: further evidence for strongly biased codon usage in glycolytic pathway genes (1995)

The gene gap, encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.12), was isolated from a genomic library of Lactococcus lactis LM0230 DNA. Plasmids containing the L. lactis gene were able to complement a gap mutant of Escherichia coli. The nucleotide sequence of gap predicted a polypeptide chain of 337 amino acids for the enzyme and a subunit molecular mass of 36,043. The codon usage in gap and four other glycolytic genes from L. lactis showed a high degree of bias, when compared with 84 other chromosomal genes. Northern blot analysis of total L. lactis RNA showed that gap hybridized strongly with a 1.3 kb transcript. The 5' end of the transcript was determined by primer extension analysis to be a C located 35 bp upstream from the gap start codon. These transcript analyses, and the orientation of the open reading frames in the DNA flanking gap, indicated that in L. lactis gap is expressed on a monocistronic transcript. Nucleotide sequencing indicated that the DNA adjacent to gap did not encode other glycolytic pathway enzymes. The DNA sequence flanking gap contained two open reading frames (ORF156 and ORF211) of unknown function. The 3' end of a clpA homologue was identified in the sequence upstream of ORF156. The location of gap on the L. lactis DL11 chromosome map was determined to be between map coordinates 0.530 and 0.660.
A Novel Nuclear Factor-κB Gene Signature Is Differentially Expressed in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Association with TP53 Status (2007)

NF-kappaB promotes expression of a novel NF-kappaB-related gene signature and cell survival in HNSCC that weakly express TP53, a subset previously associated with inactivated wild-type TP53, greater resistance to chemoradiotherapy, and worse prognosis.
Fast yet Simple Natural-Gradient Descent for Variational Inference in Complex Models (2018)

Bayesian inference plays an important role in advancing machine learning, but faces computational challenges when applied to complex models such as deep neural networks. Variational inference circumvents these challenges by formulating Bayesian inference as an optimization problem and solving it using gradient-based optimization. In this paper, we argue in favor of natural-gradient approaches which, unlike their gradient-based counterparts, can improve convergence by exploiting the information geometry of the solutions. We show how to derive fast yet simple natural-gradient updates by using a duality associated with exponential-family distributions. An attractive feature of these methods is that, by using natural-gradients, they are able to extract accurate local approximations for individual model components. We summarize recent results for Bayesian deep learning showing the superiority of natural-gradient approaches over their gradient counterparts.
TIME MATTERS IN TEAM PERFORMANCE: EFFECTS OF MEMBER FAMILIARITY, ENTRAINMENT, AND TASK DISCONTINUITY ON SPEED AND QUALITY (2003)

We compared the speed and quality of performance for familiar , initially unfamiliar but continuing , and one‐shot (single session) teams. We also proposed and observed entrainment effects for task time limits. Over the course of weekly sessions with changing tasks, continuing teams reached speed levels of the initially familiar teams, but the one‐shot teams were consistently slower. Continuing teams also tended to have higher‐quality output than the one‐shot teams. There were no differences in how quickly each type of group entrained to time limits on the tasks. Entrainment was not robust to task discontinuity (Task A, then B). However, entrainment on repeated trials of a task persisted even when a different type of task “interrupted” those repeated trials (Task A, then B, then A again). Results compel a richer incorporation of time as a medium for complex task sequences, and time‐based constructs as a feature of team membership in the study of group effectiveness.
Using visual programming to extend the power of spreadsheet (1994)

We describe a new means for representing computations in spreadsheets based on the visual, object-oriented data-flow language, Prograph, rather than textual arithmetic formulae. This mechanism is illustrated using various examples to show how common spreadsheet operation such as copying and extending formulae is more naturally represented. A formal syntax and semantics is presented. Suggestions are made for how this mechanism may be used to extend the range of applications of spreadsheets from the standard numerical calculations to areas such as symbolic computations and multimedia.
Results from a phase I safety trial of <i>hAADC</i> gene therapy for Parkinson disease (2008)

Thus far, this gene therapy approach has been well tolerated and shows PET evidence of sustained gene expression. These initial findings demonstrate the safety of the therapy; higher doses of adeno-associated viral vector containing the human aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase gene in the next cohort of patients may further increase dopamine production in the putamen and provide more profound clinical benefit.
From an IP address to a street address: using wireless signals to locate a target (2013)

Abstract—How quickly can somebody convert an IP address of a target into a real-word street address? Law enforcement regularly has need to determine a suspect’s exact location when investigating crimes on the Internet. They first use geolocation software and databases to de-termine the suspect’s rough location. Recent research has been able to scope a targeted IP address to within a 690m (0.43 mile) radius circle, which is enough to determine the relevant law enforcement department that has jurisdiction. Unfortunately, investigators face a “last half mile ” problem: their only mechanism to determine the exact address of the suspect is to subpoena the suspect’s Internet Service Provider, a process that can take weeks. Instead, law enforcement would rather locate the suspect within the hour with the hope of catching the suspect while the crime is still on-going, which leads to stronger evidence and straightforward prosecution. Given these time constraints, we investigate how quickly an adversary can locate a target without any special law enforcement powers. Instead, we leverage the use of ubiq-uitous wireless networks and a mobile physical observer that performs wireless monitoring (akin to “wardriving,” which seeks to search for wireless networks). We develop an approach that allows an adversary to send traffic to the target’s address that can be detected by the observer, even if wireless encryption is in use. We evaluated the approach in two common real-world settings. In one of these, a residential neighborhood, we used a single-blind trial in which an observer located a target network to within three houses in less than 40 minutes (with potential for more exact results using hardware such as directional antennas). This approach had only a 0.38 % false positive rate, despite 24,000 observed unrelated packets and many unrelated networks. These results show significant promise for the geolocation strategy and demonstrate that adversaries with multiple potential observation points, such as law enforcement personnel, could quickly locate a target. I.
Human Type II GnRH Receptor Mediates Effects of GnRH on Cell Proliferation (2004)

GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) is well-known as the central regulator of the reproductive system through its stimulation of gonadotropin release from the pituitary. Progress in studies on GnRH demonstrated that GnRH has both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on cell proliferation depending on the cell type, and the mechanisms of these effects have been intensively studied. However, even human GnRH receptors which mediate GnRH stimulation have not been completely identified. In the present study, we showed that the inhibitory and stimulatory effects of GnRH on colony-formation using four cell lines and have demonstrated that the inhibitory and stimulatory effects of GnRH exhibit distinctly different patterns of ligand sensitivity. This result strongly suggests that the two opposite effects of GnRH occur via different types of GnRH receptors, however expressional analyses of human GnRH receptors did not exhibit the significantly different pattern between negatively and positively responding cell lines. Then, in order to identify the GnRH receptors involved in the two opposite effects, effects of GnRH were analysed under the conditions that human GnRH receptors were knocked down by the technique of RNA interference. Consequently, it was found that human type II GnRH receptor mediates GnRH stimulation and its splice variant determines the direction of the response to GnRH. These results are the first clear evidence for the functionality of human type II GnRH receptor. Therefore our novel findings are quite noticeable and will greatly contribute to the studies on the mechanisms of the effects of GnRH on cell proliferation in the future.
SNR/RP Aware Routing Algorithm: Cross-Layer Design for MANETS (2009)

Routing in MANET is complex due to the fact that the network graph is episodically connected and nodes get only intermittently connected because of nodes mobility, terrain, weather, and jamming that change topology rapidly. In this paper, we propose cross-layer design to achieve a reliable data transmission in MANET. A key challenge is to create a mechanism that can provide good delivery performance and high quality of service in intermittent networks. The key components of our approach include a cross-layer design (CLD) to improve information sharing between different protocol layers. In order to improve the end-to-end performance of MANET, we present mechanism that allows the network layer to adjust its routing protocol dynamically based on SNR and Received Power along the end-to-end routing path for each transmission link. We evaluate our approach using one of common MANET routing protocols, DSR, to illustrate that our CLD improved the performance of DSR.
Key Concept Identification for Medical Information Retrieval (2015)

The difficult language in Electronic Health Records (EHRs) presents a challenge to patients' understanding of their own conditions. One approach to lowering the barrier is to provide tailored patient education based on their own EHR notes. We are developing a system to retrieve EHR note-tailored online consumer oriented health education materials. We explored topic model and key concept identification methods to construct queries from the EHR notes. Our experiments show that queries using identified key concepts with pseudo-relevance feedback significantly outperform (over 10-fold improvement) the baseline system of using the full text note.
Development of measurement techniques and tools for coexistence testing of wireless medical devices (2016)

The 2.4 GHz ISM band is crowded with a wide variety of wireless devices operating under various protocols. For many reasons, medical device manufacturers are increasingly incorporating wireless technologies into their devices, many of which operate in the ISM band. Monitoring and characterizing wireless spectrum utilization is vital to better plan wireless network deployments and to assess the risk of interference. This work introduces measurement techniques and tools to aid in providing reliable spectrum utilization characterization for coexistence testing of wireless medical devices. Measurements obtained from developed tools can help the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and medical device manufacturers to gain a better understanding of expected interference factors. Wireless medical device testing with these tools could ensure a reliable device that will enhance patient safety and accelerate introducing innovative wireless medical devices to market.
Effect of Trivalent Oxides on Electrical Conductivity in Alkali Silicate Glasses (1985)

網目を形成する3価イオンの導入は, 酸素の結合状態に影響を及ぼし, ガラスの網目構造に特異な変化を与える. その変化が電気伝導度に与える影響について検討するために, 2Na2O・xR2O3・(8-x)SiO2ガラス (R: B, Al, GaそしてLa) について, 固体から溶融状態までの温度範囲で伝導度を測定し, また, 酸素の架橋状態の変化を知るために, 光電子分光法によりOlsピークを測定・解析した.Tg以上の溶融状態では, 各系における3価イオンの増加は, 電気伝導度を低下させた. 特に, 網目を形成するB3+, Al3+そしてGa3+の各イオンは, [RO4]-Na+/ΣNa+の増加に対して伝導度を直線的に減少させ (ただし, Al/Na≦1, Ga/Na≦1), また, それらの値も同組成比をもつガラスで互いに一致した. したがって, それらは元素が異なっても, 各系の網目構造の類似性が保たれれば, Na+イオンの移動度に与える影響が同じであることを意味する. Tg以下の固体状態では, 伝導度の組成依存性は単純ではなく, ガラスの凍結された温度に平衡する構造に依存する. 従来から問題となっているB3+イオンとAl3+イオンの伝導度に及ぼす挙動の違いも, この凍結温度の違いによって説明できる. 一方, La3+イオンは網目修飾イオンとして働き, その増加はすべての温度域で伝導度を急激に減少させる.Andersonモデルによって, 伝導の活性化エネルギーにおけるNa+イオンの結合エネルギー項の増加を見積もったところ, R/Naが0から1まで変化するにつれて約4-5kcal/molの増加であった.
Improving the efficacy of chlorhexidine-releasing elastomerics using a layer-by-layer coating technique (2017)

The aims of this study were to identify the optimal concentration of coated orthodontic elastomerics using a layer-by-layer technique that can release chlorhexidine (CHX) as an antimicrobial material, and to measure the physical properties and antimicrobial effects of the coated elastomerics. Ethyl cellulose (EC) was used as the polymer, and five study groups with various combinations of solvents (i.e., ethanol and dichloromethane [DCM]) were included. The coated elastomerics were evaluated with a spectrophotometer to confirm the release of CHX, and their surfaces were observed by SEM. The CHX+EC+DCM group sustained antimicrobial release for the longest period (168 h, p<0.001) and exhibited the largest antimicrobial effect in an inhibition zone test using S. mutans for 7 days (p<0.05). This group had most effective physical properties and antimicrobial effects of coated elastomerics produced using a layerby-layer technique, and so its composition should be considered for use in clinical applications in orthodontics.
On a variational theory of image amodal completion (2006)

We study a variational model for image amodal completion, i.e., the recovery of missing or damaged portions of a digital image by technics inspired by the well-known amodal completion process in human vision. Representing the image by a real-valued function and following an idea initially proposed in [32], our approach consists in finding a set of interpolating level lines which is optimal with respect to an appropriate criterion. We prove that this method is theoretically well-founded and we show the equivalence with a more classical approach based on a direct interpolation of the function. 1
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FUNCTIONAL POLYETHYLENE AND ITS NANOCOMPOSITES (2005)

Firstly, polyethylene was modified by grafting MAH monomer in order to make the main chain of polyethylene has polar groups. The polyethylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites were then prepared by melt mixing the modified polyethylene with organic montmorillonite. FT-IR was used to testify that the MAH had been grafted on the main chain of polyethylene. XRD and TEM were employed to characterize the nanocomposites,it shows that the montmorillonite has a good dispersion in the matrix. Further analysis of thermal and crystal properties indicates that the nanocomposites have a better thermal stability and a higher crystal temperature comparing with the pristine matrix.
Is It Capitalism? (2011)

I introduce the three articles in the MOR Editor's Forum on Chinese Capitalism. I then ask whether China's recent economic growth has been driven by a vibrant capitalism or instead has become an end in itself, supported by government policies promoting high rates of fixed asset investment. There are two key observations. First, gross domestic product (GDP), measured and reported at four levels of government, has much greater salience than corporate profits, often undisclosed. Second, fixed asset investment accounted for more than 60 percent of China's 2009 GDP and nearly two-thirds of 2008-2009 GDP growth, levels unprecedented for a major economy. Rather than capitalism, I argue that institutionalized GDP growth today accounts for China's rapid economic development.
A Protocol Enhancement for IEEE 802.11 Distributed Power Saving Mechanisms No Data Acknowledgement (2007)

Mobile devices including wireless LAN functionality are becoming increasingly popular in society. The wide range of products available in the market target different customer needs but most of them should meet two main requirements: QoS support for differentiating real-time services from non real-time and power saving functionality to achieve an operating time according to users' expectations. The devices presenting the most challenging technical issues to meet these two requirements are dual-mode handsets (cellular/WLAN) because of their mandatory support of a strict QoS demanding application, VoIP, and their small device size which severely limits the battery capacity. The focus of our work in this paper is the design and evaluation of an enhancement of the distributed wireless LAN power saving mechanisms defined in the IEEE 802.11 and 802.11e standards, no data acknowledgment (NDACK). The objective of NDAck is to increase the battery lifetime of wireless LAN mobile devices while providing the required QoS. The protocol improvement designed has been implemented in OPNET to evaluate the performance enhancements obtained. Our results show that (i) NDAck significantly reduces the power consumption of stations running real-time applications, (ii) the larger the power consumption due to the congestion in the wireless channel the larger the power consumption reduction with NDAck and (iii) NDAck results in a considerable QoS improvement for real-time applications.
Approximate Bayesian Inference via Rejection Filtering (2015)

We introduce a method, rejection filtering, for approximating Bayesian inference using rejection sampling. We not only make the process efficient, but also dramatically reduce the memory required relative to conventional methods by combining rejection sampling with particle filtering to estimate the first two moments of the posterior distribution. We also provide an approximate form of rejection sampling that makes rejection filtering tractable in cases where exact rejection sampling is not efficient. Finally, we present several numerical examples of rejection filtering that show its ability to track time dependent parameters in online settings, and show its performance on MNIST classification problems.
Intracellular signal transduction in four dimensions: from molecular design to physiology (1992)

Designed fluorescent indicators are the basis for a major new technique in cell physiology, the quantitative measurement and dynamic imaging of intracellular concentrations of important ions and messengers such as Ca2+, Na+, H+, and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate. Molecular engineering has now produced indicators with quite good selectivity and sensitivity for these analytes. In many cases, these probes can be introduced into large populations of cells by means of membrane-permeant chemical derivatives, so that the plasma membrane need never be disrupted or physically breached at any point. Like many other optical microscopic techniques, fluorescent indicators are readily applied to study living cells and tissues, with an unparalleled combination of spatial and temporal resolution. They offer one of the few methods for continuous nondestructive monitoring of dynamic intracellular biochemistry and signal transduction in single cells or subregions of cells.
Observations on Tick Repellents (1946)

Journal Article Observations on Tick Repellents Get access Carroll N. Smith, Carroll N. Smith U.S.D.A., Agr. Res. Adm., Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Harry K. Gouck Harry K. Gouck U.S.D.A., Agr. Res. Adm., Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 39, Issue 3, 1 June 1946, Pages 374–378, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/39.3.374 Published: 01 June 1946
The status of non‐Newtonian polymer flow (1963)

Abstract This study summarizes the flow behavior of concentrated and melt systems of linear amorphous polymer. For low molecular weight polymer, viscosity increases regularly with a lower power dependence on molecular weight. This dependence decreases towards first power with increasing temperature but is independent of shear, with viscosities being constant up to the highest attainable steady state stresses, about 10 6 dynes/cm 2 . At a higher molecular weight, 2,000–40,000, depending on polymer type, the viscosity dependence on molecular weight changes abruptly to a high power which is generally about 3.4. Above the transition, this high power function is independent of temperature but depends markedly on shear. Non‐Newtonian flow sets in abruptly and predictably above the transitional molecular weight.
Youth often risk unsafe abortions. (1993)

The topic of this article is the use of unsafe abortion for unwanted pregnancies among adolescents. The significance of unsafe abortion is identified as a high risk of serious health problems, such as infection, hemorrhage, infertility, and mortality, and as a strain on emergency room services. The World Health Organization estimates that at least 33% of all women seeking hospital care for abortion complications are aged under 20 years. 50 million abortions are estimated to be induced annually, of which 33% are illegal and almost 50% are performed outside the health care system. Complications are identified as occurring due to the procedure itself (perforation of the uterus, cervical lacerations, or hemorrhage) and due to incomplete abortion or introduction of bacteria into the uterus. Long-term complications include an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic infection, and infertility. Mortality from unsafe abortion is estimated at 1000/100,000 procedures. Safe abortion mortality is estimated at 0.6/100,000. When infertility results, some cultures ascribe an outcast status or marriages are prevented or prostitution is assured. The risk of complications is considered higher for adolescents. Adolescents tend to delay seeking an abortion, lack knowledge on where to go for a safe procedure, and delay seeking help for complications. Peer advice may be limited or inadequate knowledge. Five studies are cited that illustrate the impact of unsafe abortion on individuals and health care systems. Abortions may be desired due to fear of parental disapproval of the pregnancy, abandonment by the father, financial and emotional responsibilities of child rearing, expulsion from school, or inability to marry if the child is out of wedlock. Medical, legal, and social barriers may prevent women and girls from obtaining safe abortion. Parental permission is sometimes a requirement for safe abortion. Fears of judgmental or callous health personnel may be barriers to seeking safe abortion. Some countries lack adequately trained medical personnel and supplies. Mortality and morbidity declines are considered possible with legalization, more trained health personnel, and family planning programs for youth and education for parents.
Fast approximation algorithms for the diameter and radius of sparse graphs (2013)

The diameter and the radius of a graph are fundamental topological parameters that have many important practical applications in real world networks. The fastest combinatorial algorithm for both parameters works by solving the all-pairs shortest paths problem (APSP) and has a running time of ~O(mn) in m-edge, n-node graphs. In a seminal paper, Aingworth, Chekuri, Indyk and Motwani [SODA'96 and SICOMP'99] presented an algorithm that computes in ~O(m√ n + n2) time an estimate D for the diameter D, such that ⌊ 2/3 D ⌋ ≤ ^D ≤ D. Their paper spawned a long line of research on approximate APSP. For the specific problem of diameter approximation, however, no improvement has been achieved in over 15 years.