gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recombinant human platelet‐derived growth factor BB (rhPDGF‐BB) and beta‐tricalcium phosphate/collagen matrix enhance fracture healing in a diabetic rat model (2009)

Diabetes mellitus is a common systemic disease that has been associated with poor fracture healing outcomes. The mechanism through which diabetes impairs bone regeneration is unknown. One possible mechanism may be related to either decreased or uncoordinated release of local growth factors at the fracture site. Indeed, previous studies have found reduced platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) levels in the fracture callus of diabetic rats, suggesting that local application of PDGF may overcome the negative effects of diabetes and promote fracture healing. To test this hypothesis, low (22 microg) and high (75 ug) doses of recombinant human PDGF-BB (rhPDGF-BB) were applied directly to femur fracture sites in BB Wistar diabetic rats that were then compared to untreated or vehicle-treated animals. rhPDGF-BB treatment significantly increased early callus cell proliferation compared to that in control specimens. Low dose rhPDGF-BB treatment significantly increased callus peak torque values (p < 0.05) at 8 weeks after fracture as compared to controls. High dose rhPDGF-BB treatment increased callus bone area at 12 weeks postfracture. These data indicate that rhPDGF-BB treatment ameliorates the effects of diabetes on fracture healing by promoting early cellular proliferation that ultimately leads to more bone formation. Local application of rhPDGF-BB may be a new therapeutic approach to treat diabetes-impaired fracture healing.
High-pressure deuterium annealing for improving the reliability characteristics of silicon–oxide–nitride–oxide–silicon nonvolatile memory devices (2004)

We report the effects of high-pressure deuterium postmetallization annealing on the reliability characteristics of silicon–oxide–nitride–oxide–silicon nonvolatile memory devices. Compared with the control samples annealed in a conventional forming gas ambient (H2∕N2=4%∕96%), the samples annealed in a high-pressure (10 atm) pure deuterium ambient show improved endurance and retention characteristics without the degradation of program/erase (P/E) speed. In addition, the high-pressure deuterium-annealed samples show a significantly reduced charge loss rate for the electron-stored state and the hole-stored state, before and after the P/E cycles. The improved reliability of the high-pressure deuterium-annealed samples can be explained by the significantly decreased interface trap density and the large kinetic isotope effect of deuterium, which reduces the generation of the interface trap density under the stress of the P/E cycles.
Architect Bulletin - September 2018 (2018)

This month's bulletin includes an update on the Financial Transaction Service, an explanation of recent email errors, a list of FAQs, information on 1app changes and more stories...
VLSI suitable synchronization algorithms and architecture for IEEE 802.11a Physical Layer (2003)

A complete modem ASIC has been designed at Nokia Research Center, Bochum, to meet IEEE 802.11 a Physical Layer requirements. This paper gives an overview of the implemented synchronization algorithms, i.e. packet detection, frequency synchronization and fine-timing synchronization. Especially the optimization of these algorithms for an area- and power-efficient design and the resulting architecture are pointed out.
Update of a phase 1 study of intravenous CCI-779 given in combination with interferon-α to patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (2004)

4513 Background: CCI-779 is an mTOR kinase inhibitor with activity in renal cell carcinoma (RCC, Atkins et al. J Clin Oncol, in press). A preliminary report of this phase 1/2 study of CCI-779 and interferon-α (IFN) in patients (pts) with advanced RCC described the safety and antitumor effects of the combination (Dutcher et al. Proc ASCO 22:213, 2003). We update these results. Methods: In an open-label, escalating-dose, single-arm study, CCI-779 was given intravenously once weekly, with IFN given subcutaneously 3 times weekly. The starting dose levels were 6 million units (MU) IFN, 5 mg CCI-779. Dose escalation was based on safety evaluation of pts (≥ 6/cohort) after 4 wks of treatment. Up to 40 pts will be evaluated at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Results: As of 01 Dec 2003, 71 pts with advanced RCC were enrolled; 27 continue treatment. Pts (73% men, 27% women) had ECOG performance status of 0: 53% and 1: 46% and median age of 59 yrs (range, 35–80); 45% had prior IL-2 treatment. In dose escalation, pts received 6 MU IFN with CCI-779 at 5 mg (7 pts), 10 mg (6), 15 mg (6), 20 mg (6), or 25 mg (7); 6 pts also received 9 MU IFN with 15 mg CCI-779. Based on dose-limiting toxicities, 15 mg CCI-779, 6 MU IFN was selected as the MTD. To date, 33 additional pts have been accrued at the MTD. Grade 3–4 CCI-779-related adverse events with overall frequency ≥ 5% (n=53) were leukopenia (25%), hyperlipidemia (15%), asthenia (13%), AST increase (8%), mucositis (6%), anemia (6%), thrombocytopenia (6%), and rash (6%). Four pts were removed from study due to CCI-779-related toxicity. Approximately 50% of MTD pts have required CCI-779 dose reductions in subsequent cycles. Median time on treatment for all cohorts was 7 mo, 36 have continued for ≥ 6 mo of whom 9 have continued for > 12 mo. Preliminary tumor responses (RECIST) in 55 pts were confirmed partial response, 7 pts (13%); stable disease, 39 (71%, 19 pts ≥ 6 mo); and progressive disease, 9 (16%). Conclusions: CCI-779 and IFN showed favorable results for safety and efficacy. A phase 3 trial has been initiated that compares this combination of CCI-779 and IFN with each agent alone as first-line therapy in poor-risk pts with metastatic RCC. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Wyeth Research Wyeth Parmaceuticals
Improving security for ubiquitous campus applications (2004)

This paper identifies security issues posed by ubiquitous computing applications used in university campuses, and propose software architectures to address the issues. Applications in ubiquitous computing environment exploit interactions between personal and public devices, and adapt to user s context. Security issues posed by these applications are privacy, usability, and hybrid scheme. Privacy profile negotiation protocol (PPNP) allows users to change the granularity of their personal profile presented to profile-aware services, in order to preserve privacy, and zero-stop authentication system (ZSAS) provides real-time automatic authentication of users to leverage usability of user authentication in the physical space. We also present several applications to outline the usage of these systems.
Toward automatic phenotyping of developing embryos from videos (2005)

We describe a trainable system for analyzing videos of developing C. elegans embryos. The system automatically detects, segments, and locates cells and nuclei in microscopic images. The system was designed as the central component of a fully automated phenotyping system. The system contains three modules 1) a convolutional network trained to classify each pixel into five categories: cell wall, cytoplasm, nucleus membrane, nucleus, outside medium; 2) an energy-based model, which cleans up the output of the convolutional network by learning local consistency constraints that must be satisfied by label images; 3) a set of elastic models of the embryo at various stages of development that are matched to the label images.
Linear and angular position permanent magnet sensor (1999)

The newly designed sensor has an important property: it is insensitive to some parameters like the temperature an has a linear response.
Derivation of axiomatic definitions of programming languages from algorithmic definitions (1972)

Language definitions by abstract interpreters are appropriate to the design and development of a language. Axiomatic definitions are more appropriate to proving program properties and verification of compilers. The proof methods of Manna and Ashcroft can be applied to an algorithmic definition in, e.g. the Vienna Definition Language to deduce theorems which constitute an axiomatic definition of precisely the same language. The process and techniques are explained, and illustrated on a simple language of assignment statements.
Crystal fields in Pr<sup>3+</sup>doped rare earth gallium garnets, RE<sub>3</sub>Ga<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub>:Pr<sup>3+</sup> (1992)

The optical absorption, site selective excitation and luminescence spectra of the trivalent praseodymium ion in three rare earth gallium garnet matrices, RE3Ga5O12 (REGG; RE=Y, Gd, and Pr) were detected at 4, 77 and 300 K. The 4f2 energy level schemes comprising 56 to 68 crystal field (CF) sublevels were simulated according to a phenomenological model taking into account both the free ion and CF effects. The model consisting of 17 parameters with 8 free ion and 9 CF parameters appropriate to the D2 point symmetry of the RE3+ site reproduced the experimental energy level schemes in a satisfactory manner with RMS deviations between 17 and 23 cm-1. The CF parameters vary only slightly as a function of the host matrix. The Bqk parameter sets for PrGG and YGG:Pr3+ are consistent with those obtained for the other REGG and YGG:RE3+, respectively.
Electrical Transport through a Single Nanoscale Semiconductor Branch Point (2005)

Semiconductor tetrapods are three-dimensional (3D) branched nanostructures, representing a new class of materials for electrical conduction. We employ the single-electron transistor approach to investigate how charge carriers migrate through single nanoscale branch points of tetrapods. We find that carriers can delocalize across the branches or localize and hop between arms depending on their coupling strength. In addition, we demonstrate a new single-electron transistor operation scheme enabled by the multiple branched arms of a tetrapod: one arm can be used as a sensitive arm-gate to control the electrical transport through the whole system.
Stereochemistry of imino-group reduction. Part 6. Stereochemistry of reduction of 1,2-imino ketones having a pre-existing chiral centre. Synthesis of amino alcohols with three chiral centres (1986)

Stereochemical results of the lithium aluminium hydride and sodium borohydride reduction of 1,2-imino ketones, PhCOCPhNCHRPh (R = Me, Et, Pr, Bu, Bui, Pri, But), are reported. The stereoselectivity is accounted for by competition between two possible reactions: that proceeding through previous reduction of the carbonyl group and that involving previous reduction of the imino group. The relative involvement of both reaction routes depends upon the nature of the reagent and the relative hard–soft character of both functional groups in the imino ketones. The influence of steric effects of the R groups is discussed.
<i>Ab initio</i>x-ray absorption study of copper<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>K</mml:mi></mml:math>-edge XANES spectra in Cu(II) compounds (2005)

This work reports a theoretical study of the x-ray absorption near-edge structure spectra at the Cu $K$ edge in several Cu(II) complexes with $N$-coordinating ligands showing a square-planar arrangement around metal cation. It is shown that single-channel multiple-scattering calculations are not able to reproduce the experimental spectra. The comparison between experimental data and ab initio computations indicates the need of including the contribution of two electronic configurations ($3{d}^{9}$ and $3{d}^{10}L$) to account for a proper description of the final state during the photoabsorption process. The best agreement between theory and experiment is obtained by considering a relative weight of 68% and 32% for the two absorption channels $3{d}^{10}L$ and $3{d}^{9}$, respectively.
Detection and characterization of the eae gene of Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli using polymerase chain reaction (1993)

In this study, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used in the detection of the attaching and effacing (eae) gene of Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli (SLT-EC). Oligonucleotide primers, complementary to the 5' portion of the eae gene of the enteropathogenic E. coli E2348/69 (O127:H6) and of SLT-EC CL8 and EDL933 (O157:H7), generated PCR products of the predicted sizes with DNA from the majority of human clinical SLT-EC strains tested from O serogroups 5, 26, 103, 111, 121, 128, 145, and 157; all SLT-EC strains of O serogroups 5, 26, and 111 from cattle; and a minority of porcine SLT-EC strains (one strain each from O serogroups 107 and 130 and one rough strain). Five HaeIII digestion profiles were obtained for PCR products generated by amplification of a 2.3-kb DNA fragment from the 5' end of eae. The HaeIII profiles for SLT-EC O serogroups, such as 26, 103, and 157, differed from each other but were consistent among strains within these O serogroups. Oligonucleotide primer pairs complementary to the 3' end of either the O127:H6 E. coli or the O157:H7 eae nucleotide sequence only amplified DNA from E. coli strains from a few of the SLT-EC O serogroups examined. One primer pair with homology to the 3' nucleotide sequence of eae from E. coli O157:H7 appeared to be relatively specific for this O serogroup by PCR. No PCR products were obtained in amplification experiments with the eae primers using DNA from human SLT-EC of O serogroups 38 (1 0f 1) and 91 (3 or 3), 15 of 15 SLT-EC strains from edema disease, or 29 of 29 non-SLT-EC strains from pigs and calves with diarrhea.
On the Principal Magnetic Susceptibilities of Crystals (1927)

A new method of measuring the principal magnetic susceptibilities of crystals.---The crystal to be measured is immersed in a solution, the susceptibility of which is varied, and the orientation of the crystal adjusted till there is no movement of the crystal due to the magnetic field. The susceptibilities of the solutions are then measured. From these values the principal susceptibilities can then be easily obtained. The method does not require any preparation of crystal sections, measurement of the magnetic field or gradient of the field. The range of application of this method is for volume susceptibilities of -0.9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ to +70\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$.The principal magnetic susceptibilities of certain crystals.---The above method is applied to the measurement of principal susceptibilities of 14 crystals. Of these eleven are paramagnetic, and belong to the monoclinic double sulphate hexahydrate isomorphous series, MeS${\mathrm{O}}^{4}$\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}${\mathrm{R}}_{2}$S${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}6${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O. With these crystals the results seem to indicate that, unlike the optical and crystallographic properties, the principal susceptibilities and their relative magnitudes depend almost entirely on the paramagnetic ion alone. The influence of the alkali or ammonium ion is secondary. In the series containing copper the greatest difference in maximum and minimum susceptibilities is 28% of the average susceptibility, in the nickel series 4%, in the Co series 32%, in the Fe series 16% and in the Mn series 1%. Of the diamagnetic crystals, NaN${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ and KN${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, which are similar in their crystallographic properties to calcite and aragonite respectively, show similar magnetic properties.
Learning Graph While Training: An Evolving Graph Convolutional Neural Network (2017)

Convolution Neural Networks on Graphs are important generalization and extension of classical CNNs. While previous works generally assumed that the graph structures of samples are regular with unified dimensions, in many applications, they are highly diverse or even not well defined. Under some circumstances, e.g. chemical molecular data, clustering or coarsening for simplifying the graphs is hard to be justified chemically. In this paper, we propose a more general and flexible graph convolution network (EGCN) fed by batch of arbitrarily shaped data together with their evolving graph Laplacians trained in supervised fashion. Extensive experiments have been conducted to demonstrate the superior performance in terms of both the acceleration of parameter fitting and the significantly improved prediction accuracy on multiple graph-structured datasets.
An Angstrom Scale Interaction between Plasma Membrane ATP-Gated P2X<sub>2</sub>and α<sub>4</sub>β<sub>2</sub>Nicotinic Channels Measured with Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer and Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy (2005)

Structurally distinct nicotinic and P2X channels interact functionally, such that coactivation results in cross-inhibition of one or both channel types. It is hypothesized, but not yet proven, that nicotinic and P2X channels interact at the plasma membrane. Here, we show that plasma membrane alpha4beta2 nicotinic and P2X2 channels form a molecular scale partnership and also influence each other when coactivated, resulting in nonadditive cross-inhibitory responses. Total internal reflection fluorescence and fluorescence resonance energy transfer microscopy between fluorescently labeled P2X2 and alpha4beta2 nicotinic channels demonstrated close spatial arrangement of the channels in human embryonic kidney cells and in hippocampal neuron membranes. The data suggest that P2X2 and alpha4beta2 channels may form a dimer, with the channels approximately 80 A apart. The measurements also show that P2X2 subunits interact specifically and robustly with the beta2 subunits in alpha4beta2 channels. The data provide direct evidence for the close spatial apposition of full-length P2X2 and alpha4beta2 channels within 100 nm of the plasma membrane of living cells.
Accurate lithography hotspot detection based on principal component analysis-support vector machine classifier with hierarchical data clustering (2014)

As technology nodes continue to shrink, layout patterns become more sensitive to lithography processes, resulting in lithography hotspots that need to be identified and eliminated during physical verification. We propose an accurate hotspot detection approach based on principal component analysis-support vector machine classifier. Several techniques, including hierarchical data clustering, data balancing, and multilevel training, are provided to enhance the performance of the proposed approach. Our approach is accurate and more efficient than conventional time-consuming lithography simulation and provides a high flexibility for adapting to new lithography processes and rules.
Reclassification of Pasteurella gallinarum, [Haemophilus] paragallinarum, Pasteurella avium and Pasteurella volantium as Avibacterium gallinarum gen. nov., comb. nov., Avibacterium paragallinarum comb. nov., Avibacterium avium comb. nov. and Avibacterium volantium comb. nov. (2005)

This paper describes a phenotypic and genotypic investigation of the taxonomy of [Haemophilus] paragallinarum, Pasteurella gallinarum, Pasteurella avium and Pasteurella volantium, a major subcluster within the avian 16S rRNA cluster 18 of the family Pasteurellaceae. An extended phenotypic characterization was performed of the type strain of [Haemophilus] paragallinarum, which is NAD-dependent, and eight NAD-independent strains of [Haemophilus] paragallinarum. Complete 16S rRNA gene sequences were obtained for one NAD-independent and four NAD-dependent [Haemophilus] paragallinarum strains. These five sequences along with existing 16S rRNA gene sequences for 11 other taxa within avian 16S rRNA cluster 18 as well as seven other taxa from the Pasteurellaceae were subjected to phylogenetic analysis. The analysis demonstrated that [Haemophilus] paragallinarum, Pasteurella gallinarum, Pasteurella avium and Pasteurella volantium formed a monophyletic group with a minimum of 96.8 % sequence similarity. This group can also be separated by phenotypic testing from all other recognized and named taxa within the Pasteurellaceae. As both genotypic and phenotypic testing support the separate and distinct nature of this subcluster, the transfer is proposed of Pasteurella gallinarum, [Haemophilus] paragallinarum, Pasteurella avium and Pasteurella volantium to a new genus Avibacterium as Avibacterium gallinarum gen. nov., comb. nov., Avibacterium paragallinarum comb. nov., Avibacterium avium comb. nov. and Avibacterium volantium comb. nov. The type strains are NCTC 1118T (Avibacterium gallinarum), NCTC 11296T (Avibacterium paragallinarum), NCTC 11297T (Avibacterium avium) and NCTC 3438T (Avibacterium volantium). Key characteristics that separate these four species are catalase activity (absent only in Avibacterium paragallinarum) and production of acid from galactose (negative only in Avibacterium paragallinarum), maltose (negative only in Avibacterium avium) and mannitol (negative in Avibacterium gallinarum and Avibacterium avium).
Reliability assurance for devices with a sudden-failure characteristic (1983)

Reliability assurance is particularly challenging for devices which have a sudden-failure characteristic. The use of a purging procedure which utilizes high thermal and nonthermal stresses is shown to have considerable promise in identifying for removal devices which otherwise fail early in the system life cycle.
Relativistic electrons in the outer radiation belt: Differentiating between acceleration mechanisms (2004)

Many theoretical models have been developed to explain the rapid acceleration to relativistic energies of electrons that form the Earth's radiation belts. However, after decades of research, none of these models has been unambiguously confirmed by comparison to observations. Proposed models can be separated into two types: internal and external source acceleration mechanisms. Internal source acceleration mechanisms accelerate electrons already present in the inner magnetosphere ( L < 6.6), while external source acceleration mechanisms transport and accelerate a source population of electrons from the outer to the inner magnetosphere. In principle, the two types of acceleration mechanisms can be differentiated because they imply that different radial gradients of electron phase space density expressed as a function of the three adiabatic invariants will develop. Model predictions can be tested by transforming measured electron flux (given as a function of pitch angle, energy, and position) to phase space density as a function of the three invariants, μ, K , and Φ. The transformation requires adoption of a magnetic field model. Phase space density estimates have, in the past, produced contradictory results because of limited measurements and field model errors. In this study we greatly reduce the uncertainties of previous work and account for the contradictions. We use data principally from the Polar High Sensitivity Telescope energetic detector on the Polar spacecraft and the Tsyganenko and Stern [1996] field model to obtain phase space density. We show how imperfect magnetic field models produce phase space density errors and explore how those errors modify interpretations. On the basis of the analysis we conclude that the data are best explained by models that require acceleration of an internal source of electrons near L * ∼ 5. We also suggest that outward radial diffusion from a phase space density peak near L * ∼ 5 can explain the observed correspondence between flux enhancements at geostationary orbit and increases in ULF wave power.