gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i> Contains 3-Deoxy- <scp>d</scp> -Arabino-Heptulosonate 7-Phosphate Synthases That Display Novel Biochemical Features (2008)

3-Deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase (EC 2.5.1.54) catalyzes the first step of the shikimate pathway that finally leads to the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids phenylalanine (Phe), tryptophan (Trp), and tyrosine (Tyr). In Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032, two chromosomal genes, NCgl0950 (aroF) and NCgl2098 (aroG), were located that encode two putative DAHP synthases. The deletion of NCgl2098 resulted in the loss of the ability of C. glutamicum RES167 (a restriction-deficient strain derived from C. glutamicum ATCC 13032) to grow in mineral medium; however, the deletion of NCgl0950 did not result in any observable phenotypic alteration. Analysis of DAHP synthase activities in the wild type and mutants of C. glutamicum RES167 indicated that NCgl2098, rather than NCgl0950, was involved in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids. Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli showed that both NCgl0950 and NCgl2098 encoded active DAHP synthases. Both the NCgl0950 and NCgl2098 DAHP synthases were purified from recombinant E. coli cells and characterized. The NCgl0950 DAHP synthase was sensitive to feedback inhibition by Tyr and, to a much lesser extent, by Phe and Trp. The NCgl2098 DAHP synthase was slightly sensitive to feedback inhibition by Trp, but not sensitive to Tyr and Phe, findings that were in contrast to the properties of previously known DAHP synthases from C. glutamicum subsp. flavum. Both Co2+ and Mn2+ significantly stimulated the NCgl0950 DAHP synthase's activity, whereas Mn2+ was much more stimulatory than Co2+ to the NCgl2098 DAHP synthase's activity.
Survey of Vaginal-Flora <i>Candida</i> Species Isolates from Women of Different Age Groups by Use of Species-Specific PCR Detection (2008)

A retrospective survey of 93,775 samples testing positive in Candida species-specific PCR tests performed on cervicovaginal swabs over a 4-year period demonstrated consistent yearly distributions of Candida albicans (89%), C. glabrata (7.9%), C. parapsilosis (1.7%), and C. tropicalis (1.4%). However, the species distributions among different age groups revealed increases in the percentages of non-albicans species with increases in age.
Magnesium(2+) confers DNA binding specificity to the EcoRV restriction endonuclease (1992)

The EcoRV mutant D90A which carries an amino acid substitution in its active center does not cleave DNA. Therefore, it is possible to perform DNA binding experiments with the EcoRV-D90A mutant both in the absence and in the presence of Mg2+. Like wild-type EcoRV [Taylor et al. (1991) Biochemistry 30, 8743-8753], it does not show a pronounced specificity for binding to its recognition site in the absence of Mg2+ as judged by the appearance of multiple shifted bands in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay with a 377-bp DNA fragment carrying a single EcoRV recognition sequence. In the presence of Mg2+, however, only one band corresponding to a 1:1 complex appears even with a high excess of protein over DNA. This complex most likely is the specific one, because its formation is suppressed much more effectively by a 13-bp oligodeoxynucleotide with an EcoRV site than by a corresponding oligodeoxynucleotide without an EcoRV site. The preferential interaction of the EcoRV-D90A mutant with specific DNA in the presence of Mg2+ was also demonstrated directly: a 20-bp oligodeoxynucleotide with an EcoRV site is bound with KAss = 4 x 10(8) M-1, while a corresponding oligodeoxynucleotide without an EcoRV site is bound with KAss less than or equal to 1 x 10(5) M-1. From these data it appears that Mg2+ confers DNA binding specificity to this mutant by lowering the affinity to nonspecific sites and raising the affinity to specific sites as compared to binding in the absence of Mg2+. It is concluded that this is also true for wild-type EcoRV.
Sequence of a Vegetative Homolog of the Pea Seed Lectin Gene (1993)

Legume lectins represent a family of genes that are expressed in seed and vegetative tissues (Vasta and Pont-Lezica, 1990). As genes of a common origin expressed in different phases of the plant life cycle, they represent a model system with which to analyze and understand the divergent evolution of regulatory sequences within higher plants. The PSL RNA accumulates during embryo development (Higgins et al., 1983); its vegetative homolog (Blec) is highly expressed in mersitematic epidermal cells of the pea shoot apex (Dobres and Thompson, 1989; Maiti et al., 1993). Both cDNA sequencing and Southern blot analysis indicate that Blec is a member of a transcribed multigene family (Pak et al., 1992). Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis indicates that most of these genes are clustered on chromosome 7, close to the PSL gene (N. Weeden, Cornell University, personal communication). The deduced amino acid sequences for four Blec cDNAs were previously reported (Pak et al., 1992). Here we report the sequence of the genomic clone for a member of the Blec gene family (Table I). Comparison of the Blec genomic clone with the four published cDNA sequences for Blecl , Blec2, Blec3, and Blec4 reveals complete identity between Blec4 and the Blec genomic clone, indicating that the Blec genomic clone represents an expressed member of the Blec gene family (Pak et al., 1992). Furthermore, alignment of the coding region for genomic and cDNA clones reveals the absence of any introns. This appears to be a conserved feature of legume lectin genes cloned so far (Harada et al., 1990, and refs. therein). A putative TATA box occurs 64 bp upstream of the ATG initiation codon. A polyadenylation signal and a sequence implicated in correct mRNA 3‘ end formation (McLauchlan et al., 1985) occur at 29 and 74 bp downstream of the TGA translational stop codon. Accordingly, alignment of the 3‘ end of the Blec4 cDNA with the Blec genomic clone shows that polyadenylation occurs at 106 bp downstream of the stop codon. Alignment of the 5’ flanking sequences of Blec and PSL (Gatehouse et al., 1987) reveals extensive sequence divergente between the two genes, except for two short conserved sequence motifs (GGTGTTGTA and TATGTG) 57 and 27 bp upstream of the TATA box in Blec that are present as an uninterrupted 13-bp sequence (GGTGTTGTATATGTG) 17 bp upstream of the TATA box in PSL. Sites identical to the
Ageing condition inspection system for electrical contact based on micro-current contact resistance trend tracker (2011)

An equipment which was used to inspect the ageing condition of electrical contact by track the trend of contact resistance under micro-current was developed. Compared with existing technology, the equipment can not only measures the contact resistance under micro-current(100 μ A) which is propitious to evaluating the ageing condition of a contact, but also grasp the trend that contact resistance follows the changed current (range of 100 μ A to 1A) which is help to estimate where a contact should be used and which type of contact should be used in specific situation. The scanning electron microscopy and Energy Dispersive Analysis System of X-ray were used to verify the ageing condition.
Tilt Aftereffect and Adaptation-Induced Changes in Orientation Tuning in Visual Cortex (2005)

The tilt aftereffect (TAE) is a visual illusion in which prolonged adaptation to an oriented stimulus causes shifts in subsequent perceived orientations. Historically, neural models of the TAE have explained it as the outcome of response suppression of neurons tuned to the adapting orientation. Recent physiological studies of neurons in primary visual cortex (V1) have confirmed that such response suppression exists. However, it was also found that the preferred orientations of neurons shift away from the adapting orientation. Here we show that adding this second factor to a population coding model of V1 improves the correspondence between neurophysiological data and TAE measurements. According to our model, the shifts in preferred orientation have the opposite effect as response suppression, reducing the magnitude of the TAE.
Polymerization behavior of silver‐filled epoxy resins by resistivity measurements (1966)

Abstract The cure of heavily silver‐loaded epoxy resins with several amines has been investigated by resistivity–time measurements under isothermal conditions. For favorable cases activation energies in the range of 14–17 kcal./mole have been derived from slope analyses of the ρ−t plots. The relationship of the technique to similar measurements on unfilled or lightly loaded resins is discussed. Many aspects of the electrical behavior of silver‐based conductive adhesive systems are clarified by the kinetic data.
ASPECTS OF TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL RANGING FOR BISTATIC SUBMARINE LIDAR (2000)

For a long time underwater optics has provided interesting information in oceanography, and bio-optics has become an important tool for biologists in marine ecology studies. But the difficulties caused by a turbid medium and the dynamics of currents led to the necessary development of new techniques. In this context a versatile Underwater LIDAR Imaging System (ULIS) has been developed to improve underwater imaging and to study tomoscopic aspects of laser-induced elastic and inelastic backscattering. The presented studies are focused on the bistatic design of LIDAR combined with a spectral analysis of the backscattered signal for tomoscopic application. The data were obtained with a frequency doubled Nd:YAG (l=532 nm) and a gated angular resolved detection. While the time base of the system can be compared to ranging of other on-axis LIDAR (2,6,11), the spatial dimension of the signal brings comple-mentary information by the light flux distribution as a function of the angle of incidence. The analysis of the bistatic angular resolved detection is focussed on two axes: one target of investigation is the impact of scattering during the light propagation and the second axis investigates temporal aspects of fluorescence in near field data of this LIDAR. Both targets of investigation, scattering and temporal aspects of fluores-cence, have a significant impact on LIDAR measurements and can in-situ only be investigated with a de-
Observations on the response of human spermatozoa to gravity, boundaries and fluid shear (1984)

Human sperm motility response to three mechanical stimuli, gravity, fluid flow shear and rigid boundaries, was measured in a tube of 310 X 400 microns calibre. Data were gathered by cine recordings at various focussing levels d across the tube and analysed with a computerized image analysis system. The most influential stimulus was the tube wall near (more than 'at') which the swimmers tended to accumulate, leaving the fluid beyond 100 microns from the wall (d = 100) vacant of motile spermatozoa. The boundary effect was evident as soon as the spermatozoa could be viewed after loading, and accumulation, measured as frequency, as a function of d did not change with time t. This response was not significantly altered by the addition of laminar flow with a centre line velocity of about 400 microns/sec. In flow shear, spermatozoa aligned positively (in the flow direction) at the wall but negatively by about 30 microns from the wall where the velocity gradient (= shear rate) was about 3.5 sec-1. The response to gravity was relatively weak with 11 spermatozoa positive (swimming downwards) for each 9 negative. Neither the boundary effect nor the 'rheotaxic' effect were influenced by gravity as there was no statistical difference in orientation or distribution patterns between vertically and horizontally flowing suspensions. It is suggested that the boundary effect cannot be ignored in in-vitro manipulations, particularly when spermatozoa are observed or extracted. Its importance in vivo lies in the degree to which the tubes transporting motile spermatozoa seem to have mechanisms for reversing the wall accumulation tendency.
Search-based routing in wireless mesh network (2017)

Wireless technology is emerging as a key technology for the future networks. Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have emerged as an indispensable technology for deployment of wireless services for various applications in personal, enterprise, and metropolitan areas. Researchers are working actively in different fields of WMNs for providing better services. Routing protocols play a vital role in WMNs to provide reliable configuration and maintenance of topology of the network. Designing a suitable cost metric for routing protocols to provide quality links for data transmission is the backbone of WMNs. Many cost metrics have been proposed for WMNs and is still an active research topic as new performance metrics need to be discovered due to the dynamics of this field. This paper considers the genetic algorithm-based routing technique for WMN. We have studied the existing cost metrics and proposed a genetic algorithm technique for routing in WMN. To evaluate the genetic algorithm, and to determine the relative performance of the genetic algorithm in the context of routing in WMN, we carry out experiments on two test systems. We have evaluated the quality of the results produced by our algorithm with the traditional hop count metric results. Our results show that routing in WMN using genetic algorithm produces better results as compared to traditional hop count metric results. Finally, we carry out a detailed analysis of results, which help us in gaining an insight into the suitability of genetic algorithm for routing in WMN.
Three-beam spectral-domain optical coherence tomography for retinal imaging (2012)

A three-beam spectral domain optical coherence tomography system (OCT) whose center wavelength is 840 nm was developed. The three beams focus on fundus 3.1 mm apart from each other and are detected by a single line sensor. The distance between the beams is fixed and the beams scan a total area of 10×10 mm² while keeping this separation during three-dimensional (3-D) measurement. The line rate of the sensor is 70 kHz, therefore the total speed is equivalent to 210k A-scans per second in this system. A 1000(x)×500(z)×250(y) voxel volumetric 3D OCT data set can be acquired within 2 s. Images of a model eye, a healthy human eye and a diseased eye taken by this system are shown and evaluated. The image quality of one B-Scan is as good as an image from a single-beam OCT. Adjustment among the beams is solved by additional signal processing using a model eye. A multi-beam OCT has the potential not only for high speed imaging but also functional imaging although problems such as compensation among the beams and motion artifacts must be solved.
Tunable nanowire Wheatstone bridge for improved sensitivity in molecular recognition (2013)

Poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is a strong limiting factor on the performance of nanowire field-effect transistor based sensing of molecules. Using an advanced measurement configuration such as a Wheatstone bridge, electrical noise, drift due to fluid dynamics, thermal fluctuations, and chemical changes of the gate oxide can be drastically reduced. Here, a miniature Wheatstone bridge has been lithographically fabricated. All four arms consist of silicon nanowires, while two of the arms are tunable by top gate electrodes to enable balancing of the bridge. We have studied the performance of the bridge for pH detection. The signal-to-noise ratio is significantly enhanced in the balanced configuration, which also helps to reduce overall drift.
Human ovarian cancer xenografts in nude mice: Characterization and analysis of antigen expression (1991)

We have characterized 13 different human ovarian cancer xenografts grown subcutaneously in nude mice. The tumor lines represented 5 histological subtypes: serous (4), mucinous (4), clear-cell carcinoma (1), carcinosarcoma (1) and undifferentiated (3). The specific histology and the degree of differentiation resembled those of the original patients' tumors and were maintained upon serial transfer. Volume doubling times of the xenografts ranged from 3.5 to 15 days. The xenografts were also analyzed for their antigen expression using 20 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) reactive with 15 tumor-associated antigens. Immunohistochemical examination of tissue sections showed a positive reaction pattern with MAbs 115D8, 140C1, 139H2, 175C5, HMFG1 and HMFG2, each recognizing episialin, as well as with MAbs AUA1, 358.4.32 and 199-157 in xenografts of the serous, mucinous and clear-cell carcinoma subtype. MAb OC125 was reactive with xenografts of the serous subtypes. Other antibodies, such as 494 and OV-TL3 infrequently demonstrated positive reactions. Reactivity of all MAbs was low in the carcinosarcoma and undifferentiated tumor lines. With the exception of AUA1, 495 and 126E5, all MAbs revealed a heterogeneous staining pattern. MAbs against episialin and OC125 predominantly stained the apical site of the tumor cells. Strongest reactivity with almost all histological subtypes was observed with MAbs 115D8, 140C1, 139H2 and AUA1. In cases where we were able to compare the patients' tumor tissue with the respective xenografts, retention of antigen expression was demonstrated in each instance. Release of tumor-associated antigens was shown for CA125 in 2 serous-tumor lines, for CA15.3 in 1 serous-tumor line, and for CEA in 3 lines of the mucinous subtype. This panel of human tumor xenografts could be a valuable tool to determine the potential usefulness of MAb-guided therapy in ovarian cancer.
Functional Real-Time Optoacoustic Imaging of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mice (2014)

The intrinsic sensitivity of the new imaging approach to functional blood parameters, in combination with real time operation and high spatial resolution in deep living tissues, may see it become a valuable and unique tool in the development and monitoring of treatments aimed at suspending the spread of an infarct area.
SPECIFICITY IN THE OLFACTORY ORIENTATION OF THE COLORADO BEETLE, <i>LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA</i> (1977)

Wind induces positive anemotactic responses of unfed newly‐emerged female Colorado beetles. These responses are enhanced by the volatiles of several solanaceous species i.e. Solanum tuberosum, S. nigrum, S. luteum, S. dulcamara, S. lycopersicum, Nicotiana tabacum, Capsicum annuum and Petunia hybrida , and a non‐solanaceous species, Tropaeolum majus. Brassica oleracea, B. pekinensis, Raphanus sativus and Phaseolus vulgaris are neutral in this respect. Unfed post‐diapause Colorado beetles also react to the vapours of undamaged potted potato plants. It is concluded that the olfactory orientation will mainly lead the Colorado beetle towards solanaceous species. When contact results, further steps in host plant selection will occur. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG SPEZIFITÄT BEI DER GERUCHSORIENTIERUNG DES KARTOFFELKÄFERS, LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA Wind induziert positive anemotaktische Reaktionen von frisch geschlüpften, noch nicht gefütterten Weibchen des Kartoffelkäfers. Diese Reaktionen werden verstärkt durch flüchtige Verbindungen verschiedener Solanaceen, nämlich Solanum tuberosum, S. nigrum, S. luteum, S. dulcamara, S. lycopersicum, Nicotiana tabacum, Capsicum annuum und Petunia hybrida und eine Nichtsolanacee, Tropaeolum majus. Brassica oleracea, B. pekinensis, Raphanus sativus und Phaseolus vulgaris waren in dieser Hinsicht neutral. Ungefütterte Postdiapause‐Kartoffelkäfer reagieren ebenfalls auf flüchtige Verbindungen von ungeschädigten, getopften Kartoffelpflanzen. Es wird geschlossen, daß die geruchliche Orientierung den Kartoffelkäfer vorwiegend zu Solanaceen‐Arten leitet. Sobald sich ein Kontakt ergibt, werden weitere Schritte in der Wirtspflanzenwahl erfolgen.
Highly efficient collective coupling between laser diode array and lensed fibre ribbon (1998)

A new concept is proposed for lensed fibres fabricated according to a collective and low cost process. This process is based on the cleaving and splicing of optical fibre ribbons and is suitable for the coupling of laser diode arrays and fibre ribbons.
A multi-metric fusion approach to visual quality assessment (2011)

This paper presents a new methodology for objective visual quality assessment with multi-metric fusion (MMF). The current research is motivated by the observation that there is no single metric that gives the best performance scores in all situations. To achieve MMF, we adopt a regression approach. First, we collect a large number of image samples, each of which has a score labeled by human observers and scores associated with different metrics. The new MMF score is set to be the nonlinear combination of multiple metrics with suitable weights obtained by a training process. Furthermore, we divide image distortions into groups and perform regression within each group, which is called “context-dependent MMF” (CD-MMF). One task in CD-MMF is to determine the context automatically, which is achieved by a machine learning approach. It is shown by experimental results that the proposed MMF metric outperforms all existing metrics by a significant margin.
Systemic Pesticides in Woody Plants: Present and Future Application (1965)

Although knowledge and techniques for using systemic insecticides may have advanced more during the past 15 years than in all previous history, the science of gaining plant protection with chemicals translocated through a plant's own vascular system was tried as early as the 13th century. Leonardo da Vinci planted cabbages in soil treated with arsenicals. Nearly 100 years ago Boucherie obtained the first patent covering techniques for administering chemicals systemically in trees. He drilled a hole into the base of the trunk, and then with a keyhole saw, cut through the entire trunk except for a shell one-half inch thick around the circumference. (Historical information is based on a report by Craighead and St. George, 1938).
Behavior of a Variable Geometry Turbine Wheel to High Cycle Fatigue (2020)

Abstract Maximization of the turbocharger efficiency is fundamental to the reduction of the internal combustion engine back-pressure. Specifically, in turbochargers with a variable geometry turbine (VGT), energy losses can be induced by the aerodynamic profile of both the nozzle vanes and the turbine blades. Although appropriate considerations on material limits and structural performance of the turbine wheel are monitored in the design and aero-mechanical optimization phases, in these stages, fatigue phenomena might be ignored. Fatigue occurrence in VGT wheels can be categorized into low and high cycle behaviors. The former would be induced by the change in turbine rotational speed in time, while the latter would be caused by the interaction between the aerodynamic excitation and blades resonating modes. In this paper, an optimized turbine stage, including unique nozzle vanes design and turbine blades profile, has been assessed for high cycle fatigue (HCF) behavior. To estimate the robustness of the turbine wheel under several powertrain operations, a procedure to evaluate HCF behavior has been developed. Specifically, the HCF procedure tries to identify the possible resonances between the turbine blades frequency of vibrations and the excitation order induced by the number of variable vanes. Moreover, the method evaluates the turbine design robustness by checking the stress levels in the component against the limits imposed by the Goodman law of the material selected for the turbine wheel. In conclusion, both the VGT design and the HCF approach are experimentally assessed.