gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of adenoviruses in stool specimens by nucleic acid spot hybridization (1985)

Nucleic acid hybridization was used for the detection of adenovirus DNA in stool specimens, and the results were compared with those obtained by a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for adenovirus hexon antigen. DNA from 40 specimens, 18 of which were positive by RIA, were spotted onto nitrocellulose filters and analyzed by hybridization using radioactively labeled adenovirus-2 DNA or a cloned DNA fragment from enteric adenovirus-41 as probes. With the adenovirus-2 DNA probe, 15 of the 18 RIA-positive specimens were also positive in the hybridization assay, and one of the RIA negative specimens was also scored as positive. The cloned adenovirus-41 fragment gave a positive signal with five specimens, all of which were also detected with the adenovirus-2 DNA probe. The results show that hybridization is an alternative method for detection of adenovirus in stool specimens. The sensitivity of the assay is comparable to that of the RIA.
Isoflavonoids and lignans have different potentials to modulate oxidative genetic damage in human colon cells (2000)

Polyphenolic compounds, including isoflavonoids and lignans, have been suggested to be chemopreventive on account of antioxidative properties. In this context it is of importance to have knowledge of their ability to reduce oxidative stress within target cells of tumorigenesis. Therefore, we investigated isoflavonoids and lignans for modulation of oxidative genetic damage in mammalian cells. H(2)O(2)-induced damage as well as endogenous DNA strand breaks and oxidized bases were determined after 30 min incubation of human colon cells with polyphenols using various modifications of the microgel electrophoresis assay (Comet assay). Enterolactone, a mammalian metabolite of plant lignans, was additionally investigated for modulation of intracellular oxidative stress in NIH 3T3 cells using laser scanning microscopy. In vivo effects of rye crispbread (a source of lignans) were investigated in 12 human volunteers by determining genetic damage in lymphocytes and antioxidant activity in plasma (FRAP assay). Genistein induced DNA breaks in the human tumour cell line HT29 clone 19A (12.5-100 microM). The polyphenols (100 microM) did not reduce damage induced by 150 microM H(2)O(2), indicating that they lacked antioxidative potential. At this concentration enterolactone also had no effect on intracellular oxidative stress induced by 31.25 and 125 microM H(2)O(2). In contrast, enterolactone, dihydrogenistein and formononetin reduced endogenous oxidative DNA damage at 100 microM. Daily ingestion of nine slices (76.5 g/day) of rye crispbread per day (containing 41.8 and 33.0 microg/100 g dry weight secoisolariciresinol and matairesinol, respectively) for 2 weeks did not significantly reduce genetic damage in blood lymphocytes, nor was there a modulation of plasma antioxidant capacity. The moderate effects of high concentrations of the tested compounds on endogenous oxidative DNA damage and failure to prevent H(2)O(2)- induced damage are indicative of only marginal protective potential by antioxidant mechanisms. The genotoxic effects of genistein deserve further investigation.
Leukemia and occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields: review of epidemiologic surveys. (1987)

Several recent surveys have presented data suggesting an increased risk of leukemia among men with occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields. Eleven pertinent data sets were compiled in order to assess the consistency of this pattern and to identify those occupations most deserving closer examination. Results for total leukemia show a modest excess risk for men in exposed occupations, with an enhanced risk elevation for acute leukemia and especially acute myelogenous leukemia. These studies are inherently limited regarding the effect of electromagnetic fields due to the absence of exposure characterization. Nonetheless, telegraph, radio, and radar operators, power and telephone linemen, and electrical and electronic engineers showed the most consistent results and warrant further study to ascertain potential occupational health hazards.
Shape/image registration for medical imaging : novel algorithms and applications. (2014)

This dissertation looks at two different categories of the registration approaches: Shape registration, and Image registration. It also considers the applications of these approaches into the medical imaging field. Shape registration is an important problem in computer vision, computer graphics and medical imaging. It has been handled in different manners in many applications like shapebased segmentation, shape recognition, and tracking. Image registration is the process of overlaying two or more images of the same scene taken at different times, from different viewpoints, and/or by different sensors. Many image processing applications like remote sensing, fusion of medical images, and computer-aided surgery need image registration. This study deals with two different applications in the field of medical image analysis. The first one is related to shape-based segmentation of the human vertebral bodies (VBs). The vertebra consists of the VB, spinous, and other anatomical regions. Spinous pedicles, and ribs should not be included in the bone mineral density (BMD) measurements. The VB segmentation is not an easy task since the ribs have similar gray level information. This dissertation investigates two different segmentation approaches. Both of them are obeying the variational shape-based segmentation frameworks. The first approach deals with two dimensional (2D) case. This segmentation approach starts with obtaining the initial segmentation using the intensity/spatial interaction models. Then, shape model is registered to the image domain. Finally, the optimal segmentation is obtained using the optimization of an energy functional which integrating the shape model with the intensity information. The second one is a 3D simultaneous segmentation and registration approach. The information of the intensity is handled by embedding a Willmore flow into the level set segmentation framework. Then the shape variations are estimated using a new distance probabilistic model. The experimental results show that the segmentation accuracy of the framework are much higher than other alternatives. Applications on BMD measurements of vertebral body are given to illustrate the accuracy of the proposed segmentation approach. The second application is related to the field of computer-aided surgery, specifically on ankle fusion surgery. The long-term goal of this work is to apply this technique to ankle fusion surgery to determine the proper size and orientation of the screws that are used for fusing the bones together. In addition, we try to localize the best bone region to fix these screws. To achieve these goals, the 2D-3D registration is introduced. The role of 2D-3D registration is to enhance
<title>Compensation of residual form errors in precision-machined components</title> (1992)

This paper describes a compensation technique for the correction of repeatable rotationally- symmetric residual form errors in precision machined components. Details of the FTS2TPG software package, that connect a family of manufacturing equipment and metrology instrumentation together in a compensation cycle, are reviewed. In addition, examples are shown that demonstrate the level of compensation achievable with this technique.
Traumatic brain injury, the hidden pandemic: A focused response to family and patient experiences and needs (2015)

The experiences of TBI survivors and their family members served to inform the development of simple, integrated coping strategies, namely two S-Plan tools, one for survivors and their families/caregivers and the other for care workers, in conjunction with counselling and support group processes. The S-Plan constitutes a discharge resource to inform patients and carers and provide practical solutions for the problems they face in caring for family members who have suffered TBI.
Synthesis of 3-Hydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one and Estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diol 6α-N-(iε-Biotinyl)caproamide, Tracer Substances for Developing Immunoassays for Estrone and Estradiol (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleSynthesis of 3-Hydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one and Estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diol 6α-N-(iε-Biotinyl)caproamide, Tracer Substances for Developing Immunoassays for Estrone and EstradiolPeter Luppa, Christian Birkmayer, and Hagen HauptmannCite this: Bioconjugate Chem. 1994, 5, 2, 167–171Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bc00026a009https://doi.org/10.1021/bc00026a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views112Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adsorption of Cationic Surfactants on Silica. Surface Charge Effects (1996)

The surface charge of Aerosil OX50 in an aqueous dispersion has been studied in the presence of cationic surfactants (alkylpyridinium chlorides and trimethylammonium bromide) as a function of pH and salt concentration. The measurements were complemented with surfactant isotherms. To investigate the effect of the aliphatic surfactant tail, the surface charge−pH curves have also been measured in the presence of tetramethylammonium bromide (TMAB). At low salt concentration the surfactant isotherms show a two-step behavior. In the first step the surface charge follows the surfactant adsorption, indicating that head-on adsorption occurs. In the second step the surface charge increases only slightly. Comparison of the results for the surfactants and TMAB shows that the surface charge adaptation is strongly affected by the hydrocarbon tail and that the kind of head group is of secondary importance. Up to the first pseudoplateau, the molecules adsorb with their head groups and tails on the surface. For the second part of the isotherm, surfactant self assembly occurs. At high salt concentration the initial surface charge is relatively large and the surface charge adjustment is small. Due to the relatively large surface charge the surface is less hydrophobic and hydrophobic interactions with the surface become less probable. Instead hydrophobic tail−tail interactions become important also in the lower part of the isotherm. Surfactant self assembly occurs both before and after the surface charge is compensated by the surfactant charge.
Copper-catalyzed substitution reactions of acylal with organomanganese reagents (2007)

A mild method for the copper-catalyzed substitution of aldehyde acylals with organomanganese reagents is reported. This operationally simple C-C bond-forming protocol uses different Cu(I) catalysts. Acylal from trans-cinnamaldehyde furnishes conjugated addition product when reacted with alkyl and aryl organomanganese reagents in presence of 10 mol % of Cu(NCMe)2 (PPh3)2[BF4] and 2 equivalent of Me3Si-Cl as an accelerator. This reagent can be efficiently used in the substitution of one acetate group of aromatic acylal to form esters in high yield.
The Quest for Self-Identity: Not All Cancer Stem Cells Are the Same (2012)

A central critique of the cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis involves the robustness of CSC markers. Zorniak and colleagues suggest that different progenitor marker profiles can classify CSCs, and improved modeling of cellular hierarchies can be achieved by incorporating inter- and intratumoral diversity.
[Matrix gene expression pattern as indicators of the biology of cartilage-forming tumors]. (1998)

Mesenchymal cells can be characterized by the expression of specific sets of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. The aim of our study was to identify such expression pattern in cartilage-forming tumours in order to elucidate the biology of these neoplasms. In situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry for various ECM components were performed on enchondromas, conventional chondrosarcomas of various grades and dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas. Chondroid areas of all investigated neoplasms showed strong expression of cartilage collagen types II and IX and aggrecan core and link protein. Focally, also the expression of other collagen subtypes such as collagen type X and collagen types I and III was observed. Non-chondroid areas of dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas lacked any expression of the cartilage-typical gene products and were instead positive for interstitial collagen types I, III, and VI. The hallmark of all investigated cartilaginous neoplasms was the expression of the chondrocyte-typical genes. Neoplastic chondrocytes showed the differentiation facettes similar to their physiological counterparts resulting in the high heterogeneity, which is characteristic for chondrogenic neoplasms. A different biology is suggested for dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas, in which the "dedifferentiated" portion is proposed to have a separate (e.g. fibroblastic) mesenchymal origin.
A COMPARISON OF TACROLIMUS (FK506) AND CYCLOSPORINE FOR IMMUNOSUPPRESSION AFTER CADAVERIC RENAL TRANSPLANTATION1 (1997)

Tacrolimus is more effective than cyclosporine in preventing acute rejection in cadaveric renal allograft recipients, and significantly reduces the use of antilymphocyte antibody preparations. Tacrolimus was associated with a higher incidence of neurologic events, which were rarely treatment limiting, and with posttransplant diabetes mellitus, which was reversible in some patients.
INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-TRIAL EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS (1999)

Single-trials in event-related potential (ERP) experiments consists of electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings of brain activity time-locked to experimental events. These are usually averaged across a set of similar or identical events to increase their signal/noise ratio relative to non-phase locked EEG activity and non-brain artifacts, regardless of the fact that response activity may vary widely across trials in time course and scalp distribution. Averaging thus may not be suitable for investigating neuron brain dynamics involving transitory and intermittent subject cognitive states. Analysis of single ERP epochs, on the other hand, while ideal, suffers from confusions caused by significant EEG artifacts associated with blinks, eye-movements, and
Pulse-front matched ultra-broadband optical parametric chirped pulse amplifier for sub-12 fs pulse generation (2005)

We propose a LBO-based ultra-broadband chirped pulse optical parametric amplifier employing pulse-front-matching to yield transform-limited sub-12-fs pulses. Measurement of the maximum possible gain bandwidth for the LBO-based OPCPA demonstrates more than 60nm gain bandwidth FWHM. For the generation of TL pulses by the use of this OPCPA, a suitable combination of OPCPA and PFM is first presented. The PFM pump geometry realizes tilt-free signal amplification and permits this OPCPA to generate TL sub-12-fs pulses.
Iterative Residual Rescaling: An Analysis and Generalization of LSI (2001)

We consider the problem of creating document representations in which inter-document similarity measurements correspond to semantic similarity. We first present a novel subspace-based framework for formalizing this task. Using this framework, we derive a new analysis of Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI), showing a precise relationship between its performance and the uniformity of the underlying distribution of documents over topics. This analysis helps explain the improvements gained by Ando's (2000) Iterative Residual Rescaling (IRR) algorithm: IRR can compensate for distributional non-uniformity. A further benefit of our framework is that it provides a well-motivated, effective method for automatically determining the rescaling factor IRR depends on, leading to further improvements. A series of experiments over various settings and with several evaluation metrics validates our claims.
Tight monolayers of rat alveolar epithelial cells: bioelectric properties and active sodium transport (1989)

Because the pulmonary alveolar epithelium separates air spaces from a fluid-filled compartment, it is expected that this barrier would be highly resistant to the flow of solutes and water. Investigation of alveolar epithelial resistance has been limited due to the complex anatomy of adult mammalian lung. Previous efforts to study isolated alveolar epithelium cultured on porous substrata yielded leaky monolayers. In this study, alveolar epithelial cells isolated from rat lungs and grown on tissue culture-treated Nucleopore filters resulted in tight monolayers with transepithelial resistance greater than 2,000 omega.cm2. Changes in bioelectric properties of these alveolar epithelial monolayers in response to ouabain, amiloride, and terbutaline are consistent with active sodium transport across a polarized barrier. 22Na flux measurements under short-circuit conditions directly confirm net transepithelial absorption of sodium by alveolar epithelial cells in the apical to basolateral direction, comparable to the observed short-circuit current (4.37 microA/cm2). The transport properties of these tight monolayers may be representative of the characteristics of the mammalian alveolar epithelial barrier in vivo.
VIRTUAL TEMPORAL BONE (2009)

The Virtual Temporal Bone and its surrounding 3-dimensional workspace provide an effective way to study the essential surgical anatomy of this complex region and to teach and train operative strategies, especially when used as an adjunct to cadaver dissections.
Theory of thermophoresis. I. General considerations and mode-coupling analysis (1983)

The phenomenon of the motion of suspended particles induced by temperature gradients in fluids, known as thermophoresis, is considered. We show that thermophoresis is related to the Soret effect. The thermophoretic force acting on a particle immersed in a fluid which has a temperature gradient, $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\ensuremath{\nabla}}T$, is given phenomenologically by $\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{T}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\ensuremath{\nabla}}T$. ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{T}$ is shown to be related to the thermal-diffusion ratio by ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{T}={k}_{B}({k}_{T}\ensuremath{-}1)$. In the limit of a dilute suspension we find a molecular expression for ${k}_{T}$ in terms of an equilibrium time-correlation function of the momentum of a suspended particle and the dissipative heat current. As a by-product, we also obtain the force acting on a such a particle due to a pressure gradient. We further show, using time-scale arguments, that a local-equilibrium calculation of the thermophoretic force cannot be adequate. Finally, we show, using a mode-coupling approach, that the hydrodynamic contribution to the thermophoretic force coefficient is negligible, unlike in the case of Stokes friction. We conclude that although thermophoresis is a macroscopic effect (not a fluctuating one) observed in fluids, it is not given by standard hydrodynamics. In a subsequent paper, with the use of kinetic theory, we identify the microscopic processes responsible for thermophoresis, calculate the thermophoretic force coefficient for moderately dense gases, and compare our results to experiment.
Identification of a Potent Peptide Deformylase Inhibitor from a Rationally Designed Combinatorial Library (2000)

Peptide deformylase catalyzes the removal of the N-terminal formyl group from nascent polypeptides during prokaryotic protein synthesis and maturation and is essential for bacterial survival. Its apparent absence from mammalian organisms makes it an attractive target for designing novel antibacterial agents. Based on the substrate specificity of peptide deformylase from Escherichia coli, a focused library of peptide thiols was synthesized on TentaGel resin using a disulfide linkage. Screening of the library against the purified deformylase was carried out in solution phase after the inhibitors were released from the resin with a reducing agent. A potent deformylase inhibitor was obtained from a 750-member library and was further optimized through rational modification into a low nanomolar inhibitor (KI = 15 nM against E. coli deformylase).
Properties of Magnetron‐Sputtered Silicon Nitride Films (1984)

Films 100–200 nm thick have been deposited at 200°C by reactive sputtering of a silicon target in nitrogen‐argon mixtures using an RF planar magnetron system. Film properties were examined in reference to nitrogen partial pressure and sputtering gas pressure. At nitrogen partial pressure higher than a certain pressure, silicon nitride films are deposited. Properties of silicon nitride films are remarkably dependent on sputtering gas pressure. By controlling the pressure, silicon nitride films have been synthesized with 1.7–200 nm/min etching rate in buffered , density, 1.97–1.82 refractive index, compressive intrinsic stress and breakdown voltage. High density, low etching rate films deposited under optimized sputter conditions act as an efficient barrier to oxygen diffusion in oxygen atmospheres at high temperature. In addition, it was demonstrated from MOS device characteristics that the silicon nitride films are free from contaminants and can be successfully applied to device fabrication.
Increased Life-Span of <i>age</i> -1 Mutants in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> and Lower Gompertz Rate of Aging (1990)

A mutation in the age-1 gene of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been shown to result in a 65 percent increase in mean life-span and a 110 percent increase in maximum life-span at 25 degrees. One of the hallmarks of organismic aging and senescent processes is an exponential acceleration of age-specific mortality rate with chronological age. This exponential acceleration is under genetic control: age-1 mutant hermaphrodites show a 50 percent slower rate of acceleration of mortality with chronological age than wild-type strains. Mutant males also show a lengthening of life and a slowing of the rate of acceleration of mortality, although age-1 mutant males still have significantly shorter life-spans than do hermaphrodites of the same genotype. The slower rates of acceleration of mortality are recessive characteristics of the age-1 mutant alleles examined.