gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Optical Activity and Biomolecular Chirality (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNonlinear Optical Activity and Biomolecular ChiralityThierry Verbiest, Martti Kauranen, Andre Persoons, Marjo Ikonen, Jouni Kurkela, and Helge LemmetyinenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 20, 9203–9205Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00099a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00099a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views569Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Luminescent properties of CsI single crystals grown from the melt treated with EuI<sub>2</sub> (2012)

Abstract CsI single crystals treated with EuI 2 as a scavenger are grown and their radioluminescence spectra and scintillation light decay curves are obtained. Addition of the quantities of the scavenger comparable with the total concentration of the oxygen‐containing admixtures in the melt results in complete destruction of the latter. In its turn, this causes the disappearance of the band with a maximum at 2.8 eV in the radioluminescence spectrum and decreases the fraction of the slow 2 µs‐component to 0.01. The addition of larger quantities of EuI 2 leads to the appearance of a wide band with the maximum at 2.8 eV characterized by a decay constant of 2 µs; its intensity increases with the EuI 2 concentration. The maximum ratio of two faster components with the decay constants equal to 7 and 30 ns approaches 0.58:0.41 at EuI 2 concentration in CsI melt equal to 0.01 mol·kg −1 .
Modulation speed enhancement of directly modulated lasers using a micro-ring resonator (2012)

A silicon micro-ring resonator is used to enhance the modulation speed of a 10-Gbit/s directly modulated laser to 40 Gbit/s, demonstrating a potentially integratable transmitter design for high-speed optical interconnects.
The Movement and Fate of (2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic Acid in Walnut1 (1972)

Abstract 14 C-ethephon applied to a walnut leaflet penetrated and translocated rapidly in young plants, but more slowly in older plants. The compound translocated to the kernel at higher levels when applied to a leaflet than when applied to the hull but in both cases levels of activity were low. Between 5 and 7 days after application the radioactivity in the kernel decreased markedly, 14 C-ethephon in the leaves, hull, shell, and kernel was metabolized, but no side products remained in the plant tissue that could be detected by the techniques employed.
C‐terminal domains of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> bacteriophage murein hydrolases determine specific recognition and high‐affinity binding to bacterial cell wall carbohydrates (2002)

Listeria monocytogenes phage endolysins Ply118 and Ply500 share a unique enzymatic activity and specifically hydrolyse Listeria cells at the completion of virus multiplication in order to release progeny phage. With the aim of determining the molecular basis for the lytic specificity of these enzymes, we have elucidated their domain structure and examined the function of their unrelated and unique C-terminal cell wall binding domains (CBDs). Analysis of deletion mutants showed that both domains are needed for lytic activity. Fusions of CBDs with green fluorescent protein (GFP) demonstrated that the C-terminal 140 amino acids of Ply500 and the C-terminal 182 residues of Ply118 are necessary and sufficient to direct the murein hydrolases to the bacterial cell wall. CBD500 was able to target GFP to the surface of Listeria cells belonging to serovar groups 4, 5 and 6, resulting in an even staining of the entire cell surface. In contrast, the CBD118 hybrid bound to a ligand predominantly present at septal regions and cell poles, but only on cells of serovars 1/2, 3 and 7. Non-covalent binding to surface carbohydrate ligands occurred in a rapid, saturation-dependent manner. We measured 4 x 104 and 8 x 104 binding sites for CBD118 and CBD500 respectively. Surface plasmon resonance analysis revealed unexpected high molecular affinity constants for the CBD-ligand interactions, corresponding to nanomolar affinities. In conclusion, we show that the CBDs are responsible for targeting the phage endolysins to their substrates and function to confer recognition specificity on the proteins. As the CBD sequences contain no repeats and lack all known sequence motifs for anchoring of proteins to the bacterial cell, we conclude that they use unique structural motifs for specific association with the surface of Gram-positive bacteria.
Structural, optical and electrical properties of CuInS <sub>2</sub> thin films prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis (2006)

Polycrystalline CuInS2 thin films were prepared by chemical spray pyrolisis (CSP) on glass sustrate from the ethanol aqueous solution containing CuCl2, InCl3 and thiourea. Structual, electrical and optical properties were systematically studied in terms of substrate temperature, pH and the ion ratio (Cu/In) of the spray solution. Although the In-rich films were composed of CuInS2 and In2S3, the In2S3 content in the film decreased with Cu/In ratio. Appearance of Raman peaks at 288 and 298 cm-1 indicated that the films contained CuInS2 with chalcopyrite and CuAu phases. Typical grain size in the Cu-rich films was 200 nm. Optical gap energies were approximately 0.1-0.2eV smaller than the bandgap energy of the CuInS2 bulk crystal. Resisitivity of the Cu-rich films without In2S3 secondary phase was 0.2–5 Ωcm. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
EBP-37, a New Elastin-Binding Protein in Human Plasma: Structural Similarity to Ficolins, Transforming Growth Factor-β1-Binding Proteins (1995)

In order to study the elastin-binding factors in blood, human plasma was applied to an alpha-elastin-Sepharose column. The column-binding fraction contained a 37-kDa protein, which was tentatively named EBP-37. Partial amino acid sequences of EBP-37 were determined. It had collagenous and non-collagenous domains. Homology searches of the sequences revealed that the protein is very similar but not identical to ficolins, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1)-binding proteins from porcine uterus membranes. Direct interaction of EBP-37 with elastin was confirmed by demonstrating the binding of the isolated EBP-37 to alpha-elastin on a nitrocellulose membrane using the EBP-37-specific antiserum. The existence of oligomers and multimers crosslinked by disulfide bonds was demonstrated by immunoblot analysis. Possible functions of EBP-37 are discussed.
Optimizing marketing planning and budgeting using Markov decision processes: An airline case study (2007)

Many companies have no reliable way to determine whether their marketing money has been spent effectively, and their return on investment is often not evaluated in a systematic manner. Thus, a compelling need exists for computational tools that help companies to optimize their marketing strategies. For this purpose, we have developed computational models of customer buying behavior in order to determine and leverage the value generated by a customer within a given time frame. The term “customer value” refers to the revenue generated from a customer's buying behavior in relation to the costs of marketing campaigns. We describe a new tool, the IBM Customer Equity Lifetime Management Solution (CELM), that helps to determine long-term customer value by means of dynamic programming algorithms in order to identify which marketing actions are the most effective in improving customer loyalty and hence increasing revenue. Simulation of marketing scenarios may be performed in order to assess budget requirements and the expected impact of marketing policies. We present a case study of a pilot program with a leading European airline, and we show how this company optimized its frequent flyer program to reduce its marketing budget and increase customer value.
[Continuous peridural application of sufentanil for postoperative analgesia]. (1991)

Efficacy and side effects of a continuous infusion of sufentanil following epidural administration of a single dose of 30 micrograms of the opioid were studied in 28 patients undergoing laparotomy. Patients were divided into two groups treated with either 10 micrograms/h (n = 13) or 15 micrograms/h (n = 15) and compared with regard to sufentanil plasma levels, side effects and changes in blood gases. The analgesic effect of 15 micrograms/h was slightly better than that of 10 micrograms/h. There were few side effects during continuous administration of the high- or low-dose sufentanil: in some cases nausea (4/13 and 1/15) and vomiting (3/13 and 1/15) occurred. After the injection of a bolus of 30 micrograms sufentanil, a dose chosen according to current recommendations, a quick onset of analgesia was noted, but also sedation and respiratory depression with apneic intervals lasting up to 30 s, demonstrating both the efficacy and the possibility of unwanted and even harmful side effects associated with this kind of administration. During long-term infusion, after about 20 h PaCO2 and respiratory rate were significantly different between the two groups, which could be explained by differences in sufentanil plasma levels and a somewhat higher level of postoperative pain in the group receiving 10 micrograms/h.
<title>Measurement of trace gases by diode laser cavity ringdown spectroscopy</title> (1999)

Optical spectroscopic methods based on direct absorption offer a quantitative measurement of the absorbance, which is the product of the concentration, the molar absorption coefficient of the transition being observed and the length of the absorption path. An absorption sensitivity adequate for trace detection may be achieved by increasing the path length. One solution is offered by cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS), attractive for its simplicity. We recently demonstrated that an external cavity diode laser (ECDL) can be conveniently employed for CRDS instead of a pulsed laser, contrary to previous applications. Here we extend this result to distributed feed-back (DFB) diode lasers. Paying special attention to the coupling of the laser source to the cavity, we developed an extremely simplified CRDS scheme with a sensitivity of about 10<SUP>-8</SUP>/cm/(root)Hz. We then built detectors for methane and HF, working close to the optical wavelengths 1.65 and 1.31 micrometer, respectively With an optical assembly of about 50 cm length and a response time of about 1 s, these devices accurately measure atmospheric methane concentrations in the range 0.5 to 200 ppmv, and HF concentrations from 0.1 to 50 ppmv.
Differential effects of central and peripheral nerves on macrophages and microglia (1998)

The poor ability of injured central nervous system (CNS) axons to regenerate has been correlated, at least partially, with a limited and suppressed postinjury inflammatory response. A key cell type in the inflammatory process is the macrophage, which can respond in various ways, depending on the conditions of stimulation. The aim of this study is to compare the activities of macrophages or microglia when encountering CNS and peripheral nervous systems (PNS), on the assumption that nerve-related differences in the inflammatory response may have implications for tissue repair and thus for nerve regeneration. Phagocytic activity of macrophages or of isolated brain-derived microglia was enhanced upon their exposure to sciatic (PNS) nerve segments, but inhibited by exposure to optic (CNS) nerve segments. Similarly, nitric oxide production by macrophages or microglia was induced by sciatic nerve segments but not by optic nerve segments. The previously demonstrated presence of a resident inhibitory activity in CNS nerve, could account, at least in part, for the inhibited phagocytic activity of blood-borne macrophages in CNS nerve as well as of microglia resident in the brain. It seems that the CNS microglia are reversibly immunosuppressed by the CNS environment, at least with respect to the activities examined here. It also appears from this study that the weak induction of early healing-related activities of macrophages/microglia in the environment of CNS might explain the subsequent failure of this environment to acquire growth-supportive properties in temporal and spatial synchrony with the needs of regrowing axons.
Weight Loss and Maintenance Related to the Mechanism of Action of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists (2021)

Obesity is a chronic disease associated with many complications. Weight loss of 5-15% can improve many obesity-related complications. Despite the benefits of weight reduction, there are many challenges in losing weight and maintaining long-term weight loss. Pharmacotherapy can help people with obesity achieve and maintain their target weight loss, thereby reducing the risk of obesity-related complications. The prevalence of obesity in the USA has been increasing over the past few decades, and despite the availability of approved anti-obesity medications (AOMs), people with obesity may not be accessing or receiving treatment at levels consistent with the disease prevalence. Reasons for low levels of initiation and long-term use of AOMs may include reluctance of public health and medical organizations to recognize obesity as a disease, lack of reimbursement, provider inexperience, and misperceptions about the efficacy and safety of available treatments. This article aims to inform primary care providers about the mechanism of action of one class of AOMs, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), in weight loss and longer-term maintenance of weight loss, and the efficacy and safety of this treatment class. GLP-1RA therapy was initially developed to treat type 2 diabetes. Owing to their effectiveness in reducing body weight, once-daily subcutaneous administration of liraglutide 3.0 mg has been approved, and once-weekly subcutaneous administration of semaglutide 2.4 mg is being investigated in phase III trials, for obesity management. Considerations regarding adverse effects and contraindications for different drug classes are provided to help guide treatment decision-making when considering pharmacotherapy for weight management in patients with obesity.
Continuity of care: is it cost effective? (1999)

Continuity of care was associated with a reduction in resource utilization and costs. As healthcare delivery systems are designed, care continuity should be promoted.
The Practical Challenges of Interference Alignment (2012)

Interference alignment (IA) is a revolutionary wireless transmission strategy that reduces the impact of interference. The idea of interference alignment is to coordinate multiple transmitters so that their mutual interference aligns at the receivers, facilitating simple interference cancellation techniques. Since IA's inception, researchers have investigated its performance and proposed improvements, verifying IA's ability to achieve the maximum degrees of freedom (an approximation of sum capacity) in a variety of settings, developing algorithms for determining alignment solutions, and generalizing transmission strategies that relax the need for perfect alignment but yield better performance. This article provides an overview of the concept of interference alignment as well as an assessment of practical issues including performance in realistic propagation environments, the role of channel state information at the transmitter, and the practicality of interference alignment in large networks.
Heavily carbon-doped In0.53Ga0.47As on InP (001) substrate grown by solid source molecular beam epitaxy (1999)

Heavily carbon-doped In0.53Ga0.47As with hole densities between 5.6×1018 and 2.1×1020 cm−3 has been grown by solid source molecular beam epitaxy on InP. The dependence of carbon tetrabromide (CBr4)-induced lattice mismatch upon the atomic carbon concentration has been determined from x-ray rocking curve measurements. It has been found by secondary ion mass spectroscopy that the alloy composition is altered by the preferential etching effect of CBr4. After taking into account this compositional change, the “intrinsic” lattice contraction solely due to carbon incorporation has been obtained, which obeys Vegard’s law.
Constraint-Based Layout-Driven Sizing of Analog Circuits (2011)

A flow is presented for the automatic synthesis of an analog circuit layout based on a schematic and a list of circuit design parameter values. The flow is driven by design, placement, and routing constraints-no layout template is necessary. Every possible layout for each device in the circuit is investigated; the layouts with the best geometric features and smallest quantization error (due to manufacturing grid alignment) are kept. For circuit placement, a complete enumeration of possible circuit placements, limited only by usual constraints of symmetry, proximity, and common centroid, is performed. Out of this enumeration a final circuit placement is selected and routed. The new flow is integrated with a deterministic nonlinear optimization algorithm to perform layout-driven circuit sizing; layouts are synthesized during both gradient approximation and next step determination. Layout-driven circuit sizing was applied to two example circuits. Sizing of the first circuit example took 8× the amount of CPU time needed for traditional circuit sizing, but remained feasible at 2.1 h of wall clock time on a contemporary workstation.
Identifying intrusions in computer networks with principal component analysis (2006)

Most current anomaly intrusion detection systems (IDSs) detect computer network behavior as normal or abnormal but cannot identify the type of attacks. Moreover, most current intrusion detection methods cannot process large amounts of audit data for real-time operation. In this paper, we propose a novel method for intrusion identification in computer networks based on principal component analysis (PCA). Each network connection is transformed into an input data vector. PCA is employed to reduce the dimensionality of the data vectors and identification is handled in a low dimensional space with high efficiency and low use of system resources. The normal behavior is profiled based on normal data for anomaly detection and models of each type of attack are built based on attack data for intrusion identification. The distance between a vector and its reconstruction onto those reduced subspaces representing the different types of attacks and normal activities is used for identification. The method is tested with network data from MIT Lincoln labs for the 1998 DARPA intrusion detection evaluation program and testing results show that the model is promising in terms of identification accuracy and computational efficiency for real-time intrusion identification.
IDENTIFYING THE COMBINATION OF THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATORY SEQUENCES ON PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN AND HUMAN GLANDULAR KALLIKREIN GENES (2004)

The results verify that the PSA promoter/enhancer must be combined with KLK2 to ensure the full activity and cell specificity of the gene. These expressions coupled with mechanic target validation yield valuable clues regarding the model of action of complex mixtures. This model is a potentially useful tool in gene therapy for metastatic prostate cancer.
Analysis and utilization of extreme value theory for conservative overbounding (2016)

Over the last century Extreme Value Theory (EVT) has become an established collection of statistical methods for estimating the tails of distributions in a wide range of academic disciplines. In addition, the practice of over-bounding the tail probabilities, typically using Gaussian distributions, has been developed in recent years for modeling system uncertainty. This paper analyzes and implements the combination of EVT estimation using the Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) and conservative overbounding. Moreover, quantifying the uncertainties of EVT estimation is paramount for successfully constructing overbounds. Our work primarily investigates these uncertainties through Monte Carlo simulations of a variety of distributions. After characterizing these uncertainties, an EVT-based overbounding approach is presented for a simple linear system. The results of this work show that an EVT-based approach can generate conservative overbounds using significantly less data than experiments alone.
Role of Erythropoietin Receptor Signaling in Parvovirus B19 Replication in Human Erythroid Progenitor Cells (2010)

Parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection is highly restricted to human erythroid progenitor cells. Although previous studies have led to the theory that the basis of this tropism is receptor expression, this has been questioned by more recent observation. In the study reported here, we have investigated the basis of this tropism, and a potential role of erythropoietin (Epo) signaling, in erythroid progenitor cells (EPCs) expanded ex vivo from CD34(+) hematopoietic cells in the absence of Epo (CD36(+)/Epo(-) EPCs). We show, first, that CD36(+)/Epo(-) EPCs do not support B19V replication, in spite of B19V entry, but Epo exposure either prior to infection or after virus entry enabled active B19V replication. Second, when Janus kinase 2 (Jak2) phosphorylation was inhibited using the inhibitor AG490, phosphorylation of the Epo receptor (EpoR) was also inhibited, and B19V replication in ex vivo-expanded erythroid progenitor cells exposed to Epo (CD36(+)/Epo(+) EPCs) was abolished. Third, expression of constitutively active EpoR in CD36(+)/Epo(-) EPCs led to efficient B19V replication. Finally, B19V replication in CD36(+)/Epo(+) EPCs required Epo, and the replication response was dose dependent. Our findings demonstrate that EpoR signaling is absolutely required for B19V replication in ex vivo-expanded erythroid progenitor cells after initial virus entry and at least partly accounts for the remarkable tropism of B19V infection for human erythroid progenitors.
Invertebrate extracellular phagocyte traps show that chromatin is an ancient defence weapon (2014)

Controlled release of chromatin from the nuclei of inflammatory cells is a process that entraps and kills microorganisms in the extracellular environment. Now termed ETosis, it is important for innate immunity in vertebrates. Paradoxically, however, in mammals, it can also contribute to certain pathologies. Here we show that ETosis occurs in several invertebrate species, including, remarkably, an acoelomate. Our findings reveal that the phenomenon is primordial and predates the evolution of the coelom. In invertebrates, the released chromatin participates in defence not only by ensnaring microorganisms and externalizing antibacterial histones together with other haemocyte-derived defence factors, but crucially, also provides the scaffold on which intact haemocytes assemble during encapsulation; a response that sequesters and kills potential pathogens infecting the body cavity. This insight into the early origin of ETosis identifies it as a very ancient process that helps explain some of its detrimental effects in mammals.