gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quality of life in patients suffering from seborrheic dermatitis: influence of age, gender and education level (2008)

Seborrheic dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin condition occurring mostly on the face, scalp and chest. Despite its high frequency, the impact of seborrheic dermatitis on patients' quality of life (QoL) has not been studied well so far. The objectives of this study were to analyse how seborrheic dermatitis affects the patients' QoL and which socio-economic factors could modulate QoL in these patients. A total of 3000 patients with seborrheic dermatitis and/or dandruff were enrolled into the study. All participants were divided into subgroups according to gender, age and education level. A specially designed questionnaire with demographic and clinical details of patients as well as Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) was completed during a patient visit in an outpatient clinic. Data were collected by local dermatologists who were instructed regarding the inclusion and exclusion criteria and the questionnaires were sent back to us upon completion. The mean DLQI score for all patients was 6.92±5.34 points. Patients with dandruff had significantly better QoL than subjects with seborrheic dermatitis (5.34±4.67 points vs. 7.73±5.3 points, respectively; P<0.001) or individuals with dandruff plus seborrheic dermatitis (7.54±5.6 points, P<0.001). In addition, women, younger patients and subjects with higher educational level were more affected than the rest of the patients. Seborrheic dermatitis had significant, negative influence on patients' QoL. Observed discrepancies between subgroups could be explained by different roles played by different patient subgroups in the society. DLQI can be successfully used for the assessment of QoL in large populational studies.
Relation of binary image complexity to gray‐scaled image thresholding (1987)

Abstract Conventional gray‐scaled image thresholding consists in finding the threshold according to the bimodality of a gray‐level histogram of an input image. However, few discussions have been made on the thresholding problem from the viewpoint of the optimality of the results. As far as image perception (human perception) is concerned, we naturally see the image as simply as possible. Taking such situation into account, the threshold for image thresholding operation should be determined on the same basis. This paper presents a principle in which the optimality of the thresholding process is evaluated according to the complexity change of the binarized picture against the change of the threshold value. Specifically, we show that the complexity curves are categorized into either unimodal or multimodal. For the multimodal case, we show that a good thresholding can be obtained by choosing a minimal point on the curve as the threshold. For a unimodal case we introduce another strategy which depends on the local multimodality of the complexity curve.
Binaphthalene‐Derived Iminium Salt Catalysts for Highly Enantioselective Asymmetric Epoxidation (2009)

Abstract Enantiomerically enriched epoxides are useful intermediates that have found many applications in asymmetric synthesis, and development of efficient catalysts for asymmetric epoxidation has received considerable attention. In this manuscript we describe the design, preparation, and use of new highly selective iminium salt organocatalysts for asymmetric epoxidation, based around a chiral binaphthalene motif coupled with a chiral substituted dioxane moiety. The new catalysts have been tested in the catalytic asymmetric epoxidation of unfunctionalized alkenes, and provide up to 95 % ee . (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Microwave position-fixing system (1960)

Introduction. Shortly after merchant marine radar came into use as a navigational aid for vessels, it was thought that some consideration should be given to the development of electronic aids for vessels too small to use radar, such as tugs and fishing vessels. It was obvious that the use of the microwave frequencies of radar would best suit the development of a small direction-finding receiver. The final system developed by the National Research Council used a compact 3-cm pulse transmitter on a shore site, such as a lighthouse or harbor breakwater.
Word-level training of a handwritten word recognizer based on convolutional neural networks (2002)

We introduce a new approach for online recognition of handwritten words written in unconstrained mixed style. Words are represented by low resolution "annotated images" where each pixel contains information about trajectory direction and curvature. The recognizer is a convolutional network which can be spatially replicated. From the network output, a hidden Markov model produces word scores. The entire system is globally trained to minimize word-level errors.
The evolution of development in<i>Streptomyces</i>analysed by genome comparisons (2006)

There is considerable information about the genetic control of the processes by which mycelial Streptomyces bacteria form spore-bearing aerial hyphae. The recent acquisition of genome sequences for 16 species of actinobacteria, including two streptomycetes, makes it possible to try to reconstruct the evolution of Streptomyces differentiation by a comparative genomic approach, and to place the results in the context of current views on the evolution of bacteria. Most of the developmental genes evaluated are found only in actinobacteria that form sporulating aerial hyphae, with several being peculiar to streptomycetes. Only four (whiA, whiB, whiD, crgA) are generally present in nondifferentiating actinobacteria, and only two (whiA, whiG) are found in other bacteria, where they are widespread. Thus, the evolution of Streptomyces development has probably involved the stepwise acquisition of laterally transferred DNA, each successive acquisition giving rise either to regulatory changes that affect the conditions under which development is initiated, or to changes in cellular structure or morphology.
Investigation of Mast Cell Differentiation in vivo by Use of Monoclonal Antibodies (1989)

In the present study mast cell differentiation/maturation was studied in vivo after depletion of mature mast cells from the peritoneal cavity by injection of distilled water. The reconstituting cell population was characterized by use of different staining methods. Additionally, the monoclonal antibody (MAb) IWF F2, which recognizes a membrane antigen of rat mast cells, was used to follow up mast cell differentiation/maturation in the course of the experiment. The antigen expression was studied both by immunofluorescence of antigen-bearing cells and by MAb inhibition of compound 48/80-stimulated histamine release from mast cells. In the course of the experiment the amount of antigen-positive cells increased continuously from less than 5% to control level (1st and 22nd days, respectively). The expression of the membrane antigen detectable by the MAb precedes the appearance of cytochemically identifiable mast cells for several days. The mast cells mature morphologically and functionally as indicated by increasing size, histamine content and MAb inhibition of compound 48/80-stimulated histamine release. The results obtained suggest the MAb IWF F2 to be a useful methodical tool for additional characterization of mast cell differentiation/maturation processes.
Vitamin A (1991)

Since vitamin A was identified as an essential fat-soluble nutrient in 1913, scientists have been challenged to elucidate the mechanisms by which it functions in diverse roles such as vision, growth, bone remodeling and tissue differentiation.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 from Patient with Coronavirus Disease, United States (2020)

The etiologic agent of an outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, China, was identified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in January 2020. A patient in the United States was given a diagnosis of infection with this virus by the state of Washington and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on January 20, 2020. We isolated virus from nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal specimens from this patient and characterized the viral sequence, replication properties, and cell culture tropism. We found that the virus replicates to high titer in Vero-CCL81 cells and Vero E6 cells in the absence of trypsin. We also deposited the virus into 2 virus repositories, making it broadly available to the public health and research communities. We hope that open access to this reagent will expedite development of medical countermeasures.
Mutations in the matrix protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 inhibit surface expression and virion incorporation of viral envelope glycoproteins in CD4+ T lymphocytes (1997)

Highly conserved amino acids in the second helix structure of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) MA protein were identified to be critical for the incorporation of viral Env proteins into HIV-1 virions from transfected COS-7 cells. The effects of these MA mutations on viral replication in the HIV-1 natural target cells, CD4+ T lymphocytes, were evaluated by using a newly developed system. In CD4+ T lymphocytes, mutations in the MA domain of HIV-1 Gag also inhibited the incorporation of viral Env proteins into mature HIV-1 virions. Furthermore, mutations in the MA domain of HIV-1 Gag reduced surface expression of viral Env proteins in CD4+ T lymphocytes. The synthesis of gp160 and cleavage of gp160 to gp120 were not significantly affected by MA mutations. On the other hand, the stability of gp120 in MA mutant-infected cells was significantly reduced compared to that in the parental wild-type virus-infected cells. These results suggest that functional interaction between HIV-1 Gag and Env proteins is not only critical for efficient incorporation of Env proteins into mature virions but also important for proper intracellular transport and stable surface expression of viral Env proteins in infected CD4+ T lymphocytes. A single amino acid substitution in MA abolished virus infectivity in dividing CD4+ T lymphocytes without significantly affecting virus assembly, virus release, or incorporation of Gag-Pol and Env proteins, suggesting that in addition to its functional role in virus assembly, the MA protein of HIV-1 also plays an important role in other steps of virus replication.
Surface Receptors for Human Serum Albumin in Peptococcus Magnus strains (1984)

Eighty-one bacterial strains representing 16 anaerobic species were tested in a sensitive binding assay for uptake of 125I-labelled human serum proteins. Fifteen of 36 Peptococcus magnus strains (42%) bound significant amounts of human serum albumin (HSA). None of the other bacterial species showed any affinity for HSA. All strains studied were incapable of uptake of human fibrinogen, fibronectin, haptoglobin or aggregated beta 2-microglobulin. P. magnus strain Ra 4 was tested for binding of purified serum albumin from 11 animal species, and showed a binding profile similar to human group-C and -G streptococci, but different from Streptococcus pyogenes, Strep. zooepidemicus and Strep. dysgalactiae. Kinetic experiments showed that albumin binding was a rapid displaceable, time-dependent process, that could take place over a wide range of pH or salt concentrations. The albumin-binding component of P. magnus strain Ra 4 was resistant to heat and to periodate treatment, but sensitive to proteolytic enzymes.
Red Blood Cells as Modulators of T Cell Growth and Survival (2004)

T cell homeostasis is largely controlled by a balance between cell death and survival and anomalies in either process account for a number of diseases linked to excessive or faulty T cell growth. Yet, the influence that cells outside the immunological system have on these processes has only recently received attention. Accumulated evidence indicate that homeostasis of the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell pools is highly dynamic and regulated by signals delivered by cells and molecules present in the different internal microenvironments. The major function of red blood cells (RBC) is generally considered to be oxygen and carbon dioxide transport. In recent years, however, RBC have been implicated in the regulation of basic physiological processes, from vascular contraction and platelet aggregation to T cell growth and survival. Regulation of T cell survival by RBC may influence the response of selected subsets of T cells to internal or external stimuli and may help explaining the immunomodulatory activities of red blood cells. By interfering in the balance between death and survival RBC become potential tools that can be manipulated to improve or reverse pathological situations characterized by anomalies in the control of T cell growth.
Conception multi-agent d'un système d'aide à la décision collective Justification automatique pour la confrontation des opinions (2003)

International audience
An Experience of Peer Mentoring with Student Nurses: Enhancement of Personal and Professional Growth (2000)

This article discusses the importance of peer mentoring in nursing education. The current literature is reviewed and areas for further research are identified. Most specifically, the article explores the results of a recent research study conducted at Southern Cross University in Australia. The research investigated the relationship between personal and professional growth and peer mentoring with a group of women nurses. Seven nurses participated in this qualitative research project. Six of the participants were student nurses enrolled in an undergraduate nursing degree and the seventh participant was the degree program coordinator. The research was conducted over a 12-week period and was located in critical paradigm. The research methods used were reflective journaling and interviewing. The results indicated that the process of peer mentoring in nursing education demonstrated a strong relationship to personal and professional growth for all of the participants. Characteristics of the peer mentoring process such as shared learning, shared caring, reciprocity, commitment to each other's personal and professional growth, and friendship, are discussed.
Coconut as a Medium for the Experimental Production of Aflatoxin (1969)

Fresh, grated coconut has been found to be an excellent medium for aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus. Under optimal conditions, yields of 8 mg of total aflatoxin per g of substrate were obtained. Continuous agitation of the growth medium under moist conditions at 24 C produced highest yields. Aflatoxin was assayed both biologically and chromatographically. The aflatoxin content of cultures varied biphasically with the duration of incubation. It is suggested that this pattern could result from the sequential operation of factors promoting aflatoxin formation on the one hand and a detoxifying mechanism on the other.
Neural Networks for Cellular Base Station Switching (2019)

The adoption of base station sleep modes is considered one of the most effective approaches for the reduction of the energy consumption of radio access networks. Sleep modes allow the switch-off of base stations in periods of low traffic, and their successive switch-on when traffic increases. The selection of the appropriate instants to switch base stations on and off requires an accurate prediction of the traffic loads in the near future. In this paper we explore the performance of machine learning techniques for traffic prediction and for the selection of the instants when to switch off and on base stations, considering a heterogeneous network portion comprising one macro cell and six small cells within the macro cell coverage. We experiment with two machine learning approaches. The first aims at short-term traffic load estimation, and from this derives the best combination of switching decisions. The second performs both traffic estimation and switching optimization at one time. For both approaches we develop artificial neural network implementations based on the Dense Neural Network and Recurrent Neural Network paradigms. Testing the two approaches on real traffic data, we observe very good performance in terms of both quality of service and energy saving.
Seismic analysis workflow for reservoir characterization in the vicinity of salt (2010)

Colin J. Ferguson, Anthony Avu, Nick Schofield and Gaynor S. Paton describe a five step post stack seismic analysis workflow to aid the interpretation of reflectivity data around and under salt layers.
Beneficial effects of captopril in acute coxsackievirus B3 murine myocarditis. (1990)

To date, there is no universally accepted therapy for viral myocarditis. We investigated the effect of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril on both early and late phases of coxsackievirus murine myocarditis. Mice were infected with coxsackievirus B3 and were divided into two main protocols. Mice in the early treatment protocol (n = 30) were treated on day 1 after infection with either captopril or saline through day 6 of infection and euthanized on day 6 of infection. In the late treatment protocol, mice (n = 60) were treated starting on day 10 of infection through day 30 of infection with either captopril or saline. Mice were killed on days 20 and 30 of infection. In the early treatment protocol, heart weight was 67 +/- 14 mg in the captopril-treated group versus 98 +/- 17 mg in the control group (p less than 0.0001). The degree of inflammation, necrosis, and dystrophic calcification assessed with a semiquantitative histological score was significantly less in the captopril-treated group. The degree of pathological involvement determined by planimetry of histological sections was 8.1 +/- 7.2% for the captopril-treated group versus 22.5 +/- 10.0% for the saline-treated group (p less than 0.0001). In the late treatment protocol, captopril also caused a reduction in heart weight as compared with controls at day 20 (116 +/- 21 mg in captopril-treated group vs. 166 +/- 34 mg in controls, p less than 0.0001) and also at day 30 (136 +/- 23 mg in captopril-treated group vs. 185 +/- 48 mg in controls, p less than 0.004). On days 20 and 30 of infection, the degree of inflammation, necrosis, and dystrophic calcification was similar in both groups. We conclude that captopril is beneficial in acute coxsackievirus B3 murine myocarditis because it reduces heart weight and necrosis when administered early and reduces heart weight when administered in a delayed manner.
Effect of acupuncture in patients with angina pectoris (1991)

Twenty-one patients with stable effort angina pectoris were randomized in a crossover study to 4 weeks traditional Chinese acupuncture or placebo tablet treatment. The patients had at least five anginal attacks per week in spite of intensive treatment. Acupuncture was given three times per week at main points Neiguan (Pericardium 6), Tongli (Heart 5), Xinshu (Urinary Bladder 15), Pishu (Urinary Bladder 20) and Zusanli (Stomach 36). Previous antianginal treatment remained unchanged during the whole study. During the acupuncture period, the number of anginal attacks per week was reduced from 10.6 to 6.1 compared with placebo (P less than 0.01). Accordingly, the performance before onset of pain during exercise test increased from 82 W to 94 W (P less than 0.05). However, maximal performance did not increase after acupuncture. Intensity of pain at maximal workload decreased from 1.4 to 0.8 (scale 0-4, P less than 0.01). Further, ST-segment depressions at maximal comparable load decreased from 1.03 to 0.71 mm after acupuncture (P less than 0.01). A life quality questionnaire confirmed improved feeling of well-being. Thus, acupuncture showed an additional beneficial effect in patients with severe, intensively treated angina pectoris.
Parallel alpha-beta search on shared memory multiprocessors (2001)

The alpha-beta algorithm is a well known method for the sequential search of game trees. Two methods, young brothers wait concept and dynamic tree splitting, have been used successfully in parallel game tree search. First, this work introduces the notion of an exponentially ordered game tree as a model for the game trees encountered in practice. Second, exponentially ordered trees are used in the study of the tree splitting methods used by young brothers wait concept and dynamic tree splitting. Finally, a new tree splitting method based on neural networks is introduced and is found to outperform the other two methods on certain types of trees.
Stability of oil-in-water emulsions stabilised by silica particles (1999)

We describe the preparation and properties of oil-in-water emulsions stabilised by colloidal silica particles alone. The charge on the particles and their extent of flocculation, assessed via turbidity measurements, can be modified by pH control and addition of simple electrolytes. The stability of emulsions to both creaming and coalescence is low in the absence of electrolyte, and the effects of adding salt are dependent on the type of salt. In systems containing NaCl, emulsions are less stable once the particles are flocculated. In the presence of either LaCl3 or tetraethylammonium bromide (TEAB), emulsion stability increases dramatically for conditions where the silica particles are weakly flocculated; extensive flocculation of the particles however leads to destabilisation of the emulsions. For TEAB, relatively large emulsions of diameter around 40 µm remain very stable for up to 3 months at salt concentrations corresponding to the onset of coagulation of the colloid. Such emulsions are themselves strongly flocculated.
Continuous Delivery of D-Luciferin by Implanted Micro-osmotic Pumps Enables True Real-Time Bioluminescence Imaging of Luciferase Activity in Vivo (2007)

Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) of luciferase reporters in small animal models offers an attractive approach to monitor regulation of gene expression, signal transduction, and protein-protein interactions, as well as following tumor progression, cell engraftment, infectious pathogens, and target-specific drug action. Conventional BLI can be repeated within the same animal after bolus reinjections of a bioluminescent substrate. However, intervals between image acquisitions are governed by substrate pharmacokinetics and excretion, therefore restricting temporal resolution of reinjection protocols to the order of hours, limiting analyses of processes in vivo with short time constants. To eliminate these constraints, we examined use of implanted micro-osmotic pumps for continuous, long-term delivery of bioluminescent substrates. Pump-assisted d-luciferin delivery enabled BLI for > or = 7 days from a variety of luciferase reporters. Pumps allowed direct repetitive imaging at < 5-minute intervals of the pharmacodynamics of proteasome- and IKK-inhibiting drugs in mice bearing tumors stably expressing ubiquitin-firefly luciferase or IkappaBalpha-firefly luciferase fusion reporters. Circadian oscillations in the olfactory bulbs of transgenic rats expressing firefly luciferase under the control of the period1 promoter also were temporally resolved over the course of several days. We conclude that implanted pumps provide reliable, prolonged substrate delivery for high temporal resolution BLI, traversing complications of repetitive substrate injections.