gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoemission from diamond and fullerene films for advanced accelerator applications (1996)

The photoemission properties of thin diamond and fullerene films were investigated for advanced accelerator applications, using subpicosecond laser pulses at three different wavelengths (650, 325, and 217 nm). The quantum efficiency (QE) obtained at 217 nm with a boron-doped, p-type, (111) polycrystalline diamond film (2.6/spl middot/10/sup -4/) was only five times smaller than the QE obtained with a mirror polished copper sample (1.3/spl middot/10/sup -3/) but more than nine times larger than the QE obtained with a pure diamond film or with natural diamond monocrystals. Similar results were obtained for the two-photon electron yields at 325 mm. The electron yields obtained with pure fullerene films were small and comparable to the ones observed with the pure diamond samples. With 650 mn pulses, the damage threshold of the [110] Type IIa natural diamond monocrystal (9.38/spl middot/10/sup 4/ /spl mu/J cm/sup -2/), defined here as the fluence leading to an onset of ion emission, was 25 times larger than the damage threshold for a copper sample (3.75/spl middot/10/sup 3/ /spl mu/J cm/sup -2/). The damage threshold of the boron-doped sample at the same wavelength was two times larger than that of copper. Damage thresholds with 325 nm pulses were lower, and with 217 mn pulses ion emission was observed at all fluences probably attributed to ablation of surface hydrocarbon contaminants. Results show that high-quality high-boron concentration diamond films could be a good candidate for high-RF electron guns.
Less Footprints in the Snow for Salym Field in Western Siberia (2010)

Abstract Salym Petroleum Development N.V. (SPD) is a Joint Venture operating and developing the Salym group of oilfields in Western Siberia. The fields are artificially lifted, predominantly using variable speed drive ESP's for some 330 wells (Q1 2010). Pump controllers and well head instrumentation has been tied-into a SCADA/Historian system. The basic control system is being enhanced by progressively installing Shell's integrated Smart Fields* capability based on the combination of FieldWare* suite of real time software applications (for real time monitoring, surveillance and control), electronically linked to offline Integrated Production System Models and the Hydrocarbon Accounting System. In this application FieldWare consists of four modules: - Production Universe - real time oil, gas and water flows for all of the wells virtual flow measurement and for real time monitoring of ESP operating downhole parameters; - ESP - real time pump efficiency curves, reports, surveillance and remote control complemented by Mikon echometer fluid level measurement; - EOR – water injection optimization and real time water flows from source to injection, including real time monitoring of surface vessels levels, surface pumps and wells injection pressures and rates; - WellTest – well test optimization, enabling real time well test measurements screening, troubleshooting and automatic transfer of test data to the hydrocarbon accounting system. The purpose of this paper is to describe/quantify Smart Fields benefits seen so-far in terms of less operator travel and hazard exposure, reduced ESP interrupts, more stable operations and faster re-starts. Benefits quantification is facilitated by meaningful comparison of automated and yet-to-be automated parts of the field, including impact from the deployment of Smart field Technologies in Salym fields.
Speech Sobriety Test Based on Formant Energy Distribution (2013)

When a person is drunk, lung capacity, lung movement velocity and air pulse change. Drunken people show unique characteristics especially in their speeches with respect to the spectrum area because they tend to speak more forcefully. In other words, the spectrum in the low frequency band area and high frequency band area become relatively flat. This paper suggests that it is possible to develop a sobriety test using speech analysis based on formant energy distribution. The test utilizes the errors in forming the formant envelope between high order linear prediction coding and low order linear prediction coding. About 65% accuracy was obtained in determining whether or not a person is sober by this method.
Protection against MPP<sup>+</sup> neurotoxicity in cerebellar granule cells by antioxidants (2004)

The neuropathology associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) is thought to involve excessive production of free radicals, dopamine autoxidation, defects in glutathione peroxidase expression, attenuated levels of reduced glutathione, altered calcium homeostasis, excitotoxicity and genetic defects in mitochondrial complex I activity. While the neurotoxic mechanisms are vastly different for excitotoxins and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP(+)), both are thought to involve free radical production, compromised mitochondrial activity and excessive lipid peroxidation. We show here that the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) increased significantly after treatment of cultured cerebellar granule cells (CGCs) with 50 microM MPP(+). Co-treatment with antioxidants such as ascorbate (ASC), catalase, alpha-tocopherol (alpha-TOH), coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) or superoxide dismutase (SOD) rescued the cells from MPP(+)-induced death. MPP(+)-induced cell death was also abolished by co-treatment with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors such as 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), 2-ethyl-2-thiopseudourea hydrobromide (EPTU) or S-methylisothiourea sulphate (MPTU). We also tested the protective effects of an iron chelator (deferoxamine mesylate, DFx) and a peroxynitrite scavenger (FeTTPS) and the results lend further support to the view that the free radical cytotoxicity plays an essential role in MPP(+)-induced death in primary cultures of CGC.
Vibrotactile Alphabets: Time and Frequency Patterns to Encode Information (2020)

Although many tactual communication methods have been developed over the past decades, few of them have been widely adopted in everyday lives. In this paper, we investigate the ability to deliver text messages using patterns of vibrations. By manipulating the duration and frequency of vibrations, we designed two vibrotactile alphabets, i.e. 3F Vibraille and 2F Vibraille, along with their corresponding numbers and symbols. The main difference between 3F Vibraille and 2F Vibraille is the number of frequency levels utilised. Both alphabets were evaluated through human experiments in terms of training time, learning process and recognition accuracy of words and symbols. For both alphabets, the results demonstrated that participants were able to recognise words and symbols at an accuracy of over 90% after 6-8 hours of training. The main difference between the alphabets was that 3F Vibraille achieved a higher transmission rate while 2F Vibraille required less training time.
Circular differential scattering can be an important part of the circular dichroism of macromolecules. (1983)

Differential scattering of incident left and right circularly polarized light can be an important contribution to the circular dichroism of macromolecules. In principle both differential absorption and differential scattering of circularly polarized light contribute to circular dichroism, but differential scattering is increasingly important for particles whose dimensions are greater than 1/20th the wavelength of light. The scattering contribution is probably not important for unaggregated proteins and nucleic acids in solution. It can be very important for viruses, membranes, and other protein-nucleic acid complexes. Outside the absorption bands of the scattering, chiral particle, only differential scattering contributes to the circular dichroism. The sign and magnitude of the differential scattering is quantitatively related to the relative orientations and the distances between the scattering units of the particle. The interpretation of the circular differential scattering depends on a simple, classical method. Thus, in understanding a measured circular dichroism, it often will be easier to relate the differential scattering to the structure of a particle (such as a virus) than it is to relate the differential absorption to the structure.
Forensic Casework Analysis Using the HVI/HVII mtDNA Linear Array Assay (2005)

The mitochondrial hypervariable regions I and II have proven to be a useful target for analysis of forensic materials, in which the amount of DNA is limited or highly degraded. Conventional mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing can be time-consuming and expensive, limitations that can be minimized using a faster and less expensive typing assay. We have evaluated the exclusion capacity of the linear array mtDNA HVI/HVII region-sequence typing assay (Roche Applied Science) in 16 forensic cases comprising 90 samples. Using the HVI/HVII mtDNA linear array, 56% of the samples were excluded and thus less than half of the samples require further sequencing due to a match or inconclusive results. Of all the samples that were excluded by sequence analysis, 79% could be excluded using the HVI/HVII linear array alone. Using the HVI/HVII mtDNA linear array assay, we demonstrate the potential to decrease sequencing efforts substantially and thereby reduce the cost and the turn-around time in casework analysis.
Potential Characterization of a Double SQUID Device for Quantum Computing Experiments (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We report on experiments performed on a system consisting of a double SQUID (Superconducting Quantum Interference Device) built with gradiometer geometry. Two single-turn coils provide two independent control fluxes: one of these allows biasing the device and tilting the potential, while the other changes the barrier height of the potential. When the dynamics of the inner dc SQUID can be neglected, the free energy of the double SQUID, as a function of the internal magnetic flux, is just the corrugated parabola of an rf SQUID whose local minima represent metastable states for the system. Our analysis instead is substantially concerned with the interesting phenomenology generated by the static configurations of an internal two-junction interferometer and by the tunability of the internal loop inductance. Two readout systems are employed to thoroughly characterize the dynamics of our system. We investigate the dynamical response at temperatures low enough (tens of mK) to minimize the effects of thermal fluctuations concentrating the analysis on the aspects that could be relevant for macroscopic quantum coherence and computing. The results indicate that from the finite inductance of the inner loop originates a potential well generating competing processes with the tunneling between the two main wells of the rf-SQUID potential. </para>
Dental classification and risk assessment prevention of dental morbidity in deployed military personnel. Consensus statements. (2008)

Because of the differences in definitions among authors as to what constitutes a "dental emergency", the attendees at the workshop discussed these definitions and arrived at a consensus.
Variable participation of 5-HT1-like receptors and 5-HT2 receptors in serotonin-induced contraction of human isolated coronary arteries. 5-HT1-like receptors resemble cloned 5-HT1D beta receptors. (1994)

Coronary artery contractile 5-HT1-like receptors resemble cloned 5-HT1D beta receptors and predominate over 5-HT2 receptors in mediating serotonin-evoked contractions. Sumatriptan contracts coronary arteries as a full agonist through 5-HT1-like receptors.
An annular CMUT array beamforming system for high-frequency side looking IVUS imaging (2010)

A CMUT annular array system for Side-Looking Intravascular Ultrasound (SL-IVUS) with fixed transmit and dynamic receive focusing capabilities has been developed. The system was experimentally characterized and validated through analytical models that simulate the beamformed transducer behavior. An 840 μm diameter, 35MHz array was fabricated, characterized, and used in experiments. The array consists of curved 18μm by 60μm CMUT membranes that form 8 ring transducer elements with approximately equal areas. The beamforming system uses an IC chip consisting of 8 transimpedance amplifiers and delay elements for receive beamforming with adjustable delays between 2ns and 4ns, that are constant up to 50 MHz with close to unity gain. Transmit focusing is implemented with an FPGA controlled, high voltage pulser board that can generate adjustable electrical pulses with delays as small as 2ns. The system is characterized by measuring the radiation patterns of individual CMUT annular array elements as well as the unfocused and fixed transmit focused arrays. The results show predicted behavior including acoustic crosstalk effects at certain frequencies. For transmit-receive beamforming characterization, a 25μm gold wire was imaged using 4 beamformed transmit elements and 4 beamformed receive elements with different delay values. The results show improved lateral resolution and lower side lobes with proper beamforming.
Silicon-based reconfigurable antennas-concepts, analysis, implementation, and feasibility (2003)

We report on an innovative reconfigurable antenna concept with significant practical relevance based on the dynamic definition of metal-like conductive plasma channels in high-resistivity silicon that are activated by the injection of DC current. The plasma channels are precisely formed and addressed using current high-resolution silicon fabrication technology. These dynamically defined plasma-reconfigurable antennas enable frequency hopping, beam shaping, and steering without the complexity of RF feed structures. This concept shows promise for delivering the performance and capabilities of a phased array, but at a reduced cost. However, challenges such as p-i-n biasing circuit complexity and their nonlinearities, as well as antenna efficiency, would still require further investigations.
Cloning and characterization of the mammalian‐specific nicolin 1 gene (<i>NICN1</i>) encoding a nuclear 24 kDa protein (2002)

We have identified a novel mammalian gene, termed nicolin 1 gene (NICN1), that is present in human, dog and mouse, whereas it is absent from the available genome sequences of nonmammalian organisms. The NICN1 gene consists of six exons and spans about 6 kb of genomic DNA. It encodes a 213 amino acid protein that does not belong to any known protein family. Experiments using green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged nicolin 1 fusion proteins indicate that nicolin 1 is a nuclear protein. Northern analysis and semiquantitative RT-PCR demonstrated that the 2.5 kb NICN1 mRNA is expressed in a tissue-specific manner. The highest NICN1 expression levels are found in brain, testis, liver, and kidney. On the other hand the NICN1 expression is weak in spleen, leukocytes, small intestine and colon. The NICN1 gene is also expressed during development.
Evaluation of Professional Practices in Transfusion Medicine: Design and Implementation of a Web-Based and Tutored ePortfolio (2008)

In order to manage a nationwide assessment program for certifying professional competence in blood transfusion throughout France, the National Institute of Blood Transfusion and the University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis developed a Web-based and tutored portfolio. The structure of this e-portfolio is based on a matrix of actions defined according to standards of practice. For each action, elements of proof are uploaded by the physician and peer reviewed by an expert before being validated. The electronic portfolio stores all the history of the actions done by users. This tracking feature generates alerts emailed to users according to a list of monitored events. After one year of design and development, the application is used in routine. Based on open-source components, we forecast integration with the CME system in blood transfusion handled by INTS.
Musculoskeletal disorders as a fatigue failure process: evidence, implications and research needs (2016)

Mounting evidence suggests that musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) may be the result of a fatigue failure process in musculoskeletal tissues. Evaluations of MSD risk in epidemiological studies and current MSD risk assessment tools, however, have not yet incorporated important principles of fatigue failure analysis in their appraisals of MSD risk. This article examines the evidence suggesting that fatigue failure may play an important role in the aetiology of MSDs, assesses important implications with respect to MSD risk assessment and discusses research needs that may be required to advance the scientific community's ability to more effectively prevent the development of MSDs. Practitioner Summary: Evidence suggests that musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) may result from a fatigue failure process. This article proposes a unifying framework that aims to explain why exposure to physical risk factors contributes to the development of work-related MSDs. Implications of that framework are discussed.
Purification and Amino Acid Sequence of Aminopeptidase P from Pig Kidney (1995)

Aminopeptidase P from kidney cortex was purified in high yield (recovery greater than or equal to 20%) by a series of column chromatographic steps after solubilization of the membrane-bound glycoprotein with n-butanol. A coupled enzymic assay, using Gly-Pro-Pro-NH-Nap as substrate and dipeptidyl-peptidase IV as auxilliary enzyme, was used to monitor the purification. The purification procedure yielded two forms of aminopeptidase P differing in their carbohydrate composition (glycoforms). Both enzyme preparations were homogeneous as assessed by SDS/PAGE silver staining, and isoelectric focusing. Both forms possessed the same substrate specificity, catalysed the same reaction, and consisted of identical protein chains. The amino acid sequence determined by Edman degradation and mass spectrometry consisted of 623 amino acids. Six N-glycosylation sites, all contained in the N-terminal half of the protein, were characterized.
Structural analysis and modeling of system scaffolds used in construction (2009)

6th International Conference on Advances in Steel Structures and Progress in Structural Stability and Dynamics, ICASS 2009, Hong Kong, 16-18 December 2009
Monolayer, Bilayer, Multilayers:  Evolving Magnetic Behavior in Langmuir−Blodgett Films Containing a Two-Dimensional Iron−Nickel Cyanide Square Grid Network (2003)

The assembly of two-dimensional cyanide-bridged Fe(III)-Ni(II) square grid networks at the air-water interface and subsequent transfer of these networks as isolated monolayer, isolated bilayer, and multiple bilayer (multilayer) films via the Langmuir-Blodgett technique results in novel low-dimensional systems in which the effects of dimensionality on magnetic behavior in molecule-based materials can be observed. The magnetic response of these films between 2 < T < 300 K in dc fields from -50 < H < 50 kG and in 4 G ac fields from 1 Hz to 1 kHz are reported. The results show the presence of ferromagnetic domains with characteristic hysteresis in each of the three systems. The magnetic response for all three samples is anisotropic with a stronger field-cooled magnetization observed when the planes of the films are aligned parallel to the applied field. Additionally, each of the three samples shows frequency dependence in both the real and imaginary components of the ac susceptibility. This behavior is interpreted as being characteristic of spin glass-type ordering of ferromagnetic domains to form a cluster glass. A lower glass temperature (T(g)) is observed in the isolated monolayer film relative to the bilayer and multilayer samples. The bilayer sample shows two glass transitions at T(g1) = 3.8 K and T(g2) = 5.4 K, whereas only one transition at T(g) = 5.4 K is observed in the multilayer sample. The different magnetic responses of the three films are attributed to different in-plane, interplane, and long-range dipolar exchange interactions.
Preparation of Some Cyclopropanes and Stable Sulfoxonium Ylides from Dimethylsulfoxonium Methylide (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of Some Cyclopropanes and Stable Sulfoxonium Ylides from Dimethylsulfoxonium MethylideCarl Kaiser, Barry M. Trost, James Beeson, and Joseph WeinstockCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 11, 3972–3975Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01022a527https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01022a527research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views711Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fabrication of single-crystal silicon carbide MEMS/NEMS for bio-sensing and harsh environments (2011)

A conductivity-selective photoelectrochemical etching process was reported to fabrication single-crystal SiC micro/nanoelectromechanical structures. When a bias employing the different flatband potentials of n-type and p-type SiC in the KOH solution was applied, p-SiC suspended micro and nanostructures were released by undercutting the underlying n-SiC substrate. The etching of n-SiC was promoted by more upward bending of the energy band due to the applied bias, while the etching of p-SiC was suppressed by preserving downward band-bending. The Young's modulus (E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> =530 GPa) of single-crystal SiC was extracted experimentally and the resonant frequency (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> =11.5 MHz) of a cantilever was derived.
G to A polymorphism in exon 45 of the COL1A1 gene (1991)

Source and description of sequence polymorphism Nucleotide sequencing of type I procollagen (COLlAl) cDNAs from several individuals revealed a nucleotide polymorphism that converted the codon in exon 45 for amino acid 897 of the triple helix from -GCC-(alanine) to -ACC-(threonine) in some alleles. No known endonuclease recognition site was abolished or created. Two alleles were distinguished by allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization (1) and/or by allele-specific amplification (2).