gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GR Ligands: Can We Improve the Established Drugs? (2006)

Glucocorticoids (GCs) represent the most effective therapy for acute and chronic inflammatory disorders, yet they can elicit severe side effects. New classes of GC receptor ligands appear to have all of the benefits and fewer side effects and have prompted new research into an old drug target. Compound A (shown) is the latest addition to this exciting development.
Experimental cardioplasty using the latissimus dorsi muscle flap. (1985)

This study was undertaken to examine the possibility of using the latissimus dorsi muscular flap, divided in two parts thus covering the surfaces of the heart, and inserting it into the thoracic cavity by means of a segmental resection of the second rib. After cadaver case studies, 15 operations were performed on 5 Beagle dogs. The first group of 5 operations consisted of a latissimus dorsi flap graft over the heart. The second group and third group of operations (3 and 6 months later) consisted of reoperating for muscular and cardiac biopsies and electrical stimulation tests on the heart-muscle complex. The latissimus dorsi flap provided a sizable mass of contractile tissue. The haemodynamic studies showed no compressive or constrictive phenomenon of the muscle on the heart and revealed the preservation of an appropriate cardiac output for short intervals of time (2 hours), through phasic electrostimulation of the flap. The histopathological studies showed conserved muscular structure. The technical feasibility, histological adaptability and electrophysiological properties of this muscular flap makes it appropriate to develop a functional stimulation programme and perhaps adequate for the treatment of dysplasic, ischemic, tumoral and other acquired or congenital myocardial diseases.
Morphing and Shape Control using Unsymmetrical Composites (2007)

Unsymmetrical carbon fiber/epoxy composites with bonded piezoelectric actuators are investigated as a means to shape or morph, the composite structures. Both a cantilever and unsupported laminate structure are examined along with their response to applied strains (from piezoelectric actuators) and applied mechanical load; with particular emphasis on the characterization of shape/deflection, the influence of externally applied mechanical loads and methods of reversing or promoting snap-through of these materials from one stable state to another. A variety of shape change/actuation modes for such structures have been identified namely, (i) reversible actuation by maintaining a constant stable state using piezoelectric actuation, (ii) an increased degree of shape change by irreversible snap-through using piezoelectric actuation and (iii) reversible snap-through using combined piezoelectric actuation and an externally applied load.
Water Hammer Modeling in Extended Reach Wells (2014)

Abstract Water hammer tools (WHTs) are used in coiled tubing (CT) operations for postponing a potential helical lock-up and running deeper into the hole. By rapidly opening and closing a valve in the tool, pressure pulses are created and the axial vibrating force is overcoming the friction between the CT and the wellbore. The pressure pulses depend on the CT parameters (size and material), WHT parameters (size and valve frequency), pumping rate, and downhole pressure. Although the effect of the water hammer pulses on the axial and radial vibrations has been investigated before, the coupling between water hammer pulses and the axial and radial vibrations for CT operations is not currently understood. Radial vibrations may be important as they may reduce the normal and thus the frictional forces between the CT and the wellbore and increase the reach in long horizontal wells. In this paper the effect of the water hammer pulses on the radial vibrations is investigated. A numerical model was developed to simulate the water hammer pulses and vibrations of the CT and WHT assembly. The model was validated against lab data for the case of a single WHT located at the end of a CT. Then the model was used to investigate the optimal performance of the WHT. Several scenarios, such as a WHT located between two CTs and two WHTs working in tandem, were also investigated. It is concluded that the radial vibrations which appear due to the water hammer pulses when two WHTs are used in tandem may be beneficial in reducing the friction forces between the CT and the wellbore. When two WHTs are used, a relationship between the additional pumping pressure and the distance between the two tools is also proposed.
Role of Intestinal Bacteria in Gliadin-Induced Changes in Intestinal Mucosa: Study in Germ-Free Rats (2011)

Our results suggest that the composition of the intestinal microbiota affects the permeability of the intestinal mucosa and, consequently, could be involved in the early stages of CD pathogenesis.
Antimicrobial Evaluation of <i>N</i> -Alkyl Betaines and <i>N</i> -Alkyl- <i>N</i> , <i>N</i> -Dimethylamine Oxides with Variations in Chain Length (2000)

Alkyl betaines and alkyl dimethylamine oxides have been shown to have pronounced antimicrobial activity when used individually or in combination. Although several studies have been conducted with these compounds in combinations, only equimolar concentrations of the C(12)/C(12) and C(16)/C(14) chain lengths for the betaine and the amine oxide, respectively, have been investigated. This study investigates the antimicrobial activity of a wide range of chain lengths (C(8) to C(18)) for both the betaine and amine oxide and attempts to correlate their micelle-forming capabilities with their biological activity. A broth microdilution method was used to determine the MICs of these compounds singly and in various molar ratio combinations. Activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was investigated. Antimicrobial activity was found to increase with increasing chain length for both homologous series up to a point, exhibiting a cutoff effect at chain lengths of approximately 16 for betaine and 14 for amine oxide. Additionally, the C(18) oleyl derivative of both compounds exhibited activity in the same range as the peak alkyl compounds. Critical micelle concentrations were correlated with MICs, inferring that micellar activity may contribute to the cutoff effect in biological activity.
Extracellular Mitochondrial DNA Is Generated by Fibroblasts and Predicts Death in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2017)

These findings demonstrate a previously unrecognized and highly novel connection between metabolic reprogramming, mtDNA, fibroblast activation, and clinical outcomes that provides new insight into IPF.
A Comparison of Intraarticular Morphine and Bupivacaine for Pain Control After Outpatient Knee Arthroscopy (1995)

To determine the duration of pain relief and efficacy of intraarticular morphine compared with bupivacaine after outpatient knee arthroscopy under local anesthesia, we gave patients one of three postoperative intraarticular injections: 4 mg morphine, 0.25% bupivacaine, or 0.9% saline. Visual analog scale scores and supplemental pain medication use were recorded at 0 to 30 minutes, 2, 4, 6, 8 to 12, and 24 hours after surgery. The score on the visual analog scale at 24 hours was significantly lower in the morphine group than in the bupivacaine or control groups. The cumulative amount of pain medication used was significantly lower in the morphine and bupivacaine groups at 2 to 6 hours after surgery than in the saline control group. The morphine group used the least supplemental pain medication during the 12 to 24 hour interval (P = 0.06). We found that the use of intraarticular morphine or bupivacaine after outpatient knee arthroscopy will decrease the amount of narcotic medication needed for pain relief during the early postoperative period. In addition, morphine provided prolonged pain relief up to 24 hours when compared with bupivacaine or placebo, and the patients in the morphine group tended to take less supplemental pain medication during the first postoperative day.
Zinc Nasal gel for the Treatment of Common Cold Symptoms: A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial (2000)

Effective treatment for the common cold have been difficult to develop because so many different types of virus are responsible for this condition. Oral zinc has been studied as a possible means of preventing or alleviating symptoms, with mixed results. We studied a new approach to zinc therapy--an over-the-counter nasal gel formulation (Zicam)--to independently evaluate its efficacy as a treatment for the common cold. Our study was conducted at four sites over a 5-month period. The study group consisted of 213 patients with recent-onset(< or = 24) cold symptoms; 108 patients received zinc therapy, and 105 reviewed placebo. Symptom charts were used to track the duration and severity of each patient's symptoms. At study's end, the duration of symptoms was 2.3 days (+/-0.9)in the zinc group and 9.0 days (+/-2.5)in the control group--a statistically significant difference (p <0.05). These results provide evidence that zinc nasal gel is effective in shortening the duration of common cold symptoms off when taken within 24 hours of their onset.
An Efficient Three‐Step Synthesis of Cyclopenta[<i>b</i>]pyrans via 2‐Donor‐Substituted Fischer Ethenylcarbenechromium Complexes (2005)

A wide range of cyclopenta[b]pyrans 4 has been synthesized in a one-pot reaction by treatment of different 2-donorsubstituted ethenylcarbenechromium complexes 2 with alkynes in THF in moderate to excellent yields (41-90 % for 14 out of 25 examples). The starting materials 2 are readily available in good to excellent yields (76-99 % for 25 out of 36 examples) by Michael addition of amines, alcohols and thiols, respectively, to the corresponding alkynylcarbenechromium complexes 1. Due to their 10 pi-electrons in a cross-conjugated bicyclic system, cyclopenta[b]pyrans have been termed pseudoazulenes, as they indeed have similar UV/Vis-spectroscopic properties.
Reactions of Magnesium Hydride and Diethylmagnesium with Olefins<sup>1</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Magnesium Hydride and Diethylmagnesium with Olefins1H. E. PODALL and W. E. FOSTERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 12, 1848–1852Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01106a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01106a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views215Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Secure Mobile VPN Scheme for UMTS (2006)

Abstract- In this paper, a mobile Virtual Private Network (VPN) scheme for the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) is proposed and analyzed from a security point of view. The proposed scheme improves the level of protection for data transfer that is currently supported in UMTS and facilitates the realization of Mobile Internet. The security functionality, which is based on the IPsec framework, is integrated to the mobile network infrastructure so as to eliminate the potential computational overhead on mobile devices. The proposed VPN scheme operates transparently to the mobile subscribers ’ movement. Moreover, the required enhancements can be integrated in the existing network infrastructure, and, therefore, the
Can barriers with inverted tunneling rates lead to subband population inversion? (1990)

When the conduction-band edge of the quantum wells in a superlattice is close to the valence-band edge of the barriers, the tunneling probabilities out of the quantum well states can be inverted. We examine if this feature can be exploited to achieve intersubband population inversion. If correct matching of the wave function at the interfaces is included, we find that the inversion of the tunneling rates does not persist for low-energy electrons, relevant for intersubband emission.
Supervision and the Great Deposit Insurance Debacle (1996)

The great deposit insurance debacle of the 1980s and 1990s has prompted a number of recent studies of the debate surrounding the creation of federal deposit insurance. (Barth, 1991; Barth and Bartholomew, 1992; and Flood, Chapter 3 of this volume). These studies show that the members of Congress who created the FDIC during the New Deal were well aware of the potential risks. Flood, for instance, concludes as follows: It is obvious from an examination of the record that the debate surrounding the adoption of federal deposit insurance was both wide-ranging and well-informed.
Electrochemical disinfection of toilet wastewater using wastewater electrolysis cell (2016)

The paucity of proper sanitation facilities has contributed to the spread of waterborne diseases in many developing countries. The primary goal of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of using a wastewater electrolysis cell (WEC) for toilet wastewater disinfection. The treated wastewater was designed to reuse for toilet flushing and agricultural irrigation. Laboratory-scale electrochemical (EC) disinfection experiments were performed to investigate the disinfection efficiency of the WEC with four seeded microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, recombinant adenovirus serotype 5, and bacteriophage MS2). In addition, the formation of organic disinfection byproducts (DBPs) trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAA5) at the end of the EC treatment was also investigated. The results showed that at an applied cell voltage of +4 V, the WEC achieved 5-log10 reductions of all four seeded microorganisms in real toilet wastewater within 60 min. In contrast, chemical chlorination (CC) disinfection using hypochlorite [NaClO] was only effective for the inactivation of bacteria. Due to the rapid formation of chloramines, less than 0.5-log10 reduction of MS2 was observed in toilet wastewater even at the highest [NaClO] dosage (36 mg/L, as Cl2) over a 1 h reaction. Experiments using laboratory model waters showed that free reactive chlorine generated in situ during EC disinfection process was the main disinfectant responsible for the inactivation of microorganisms. However, the production of hydroxyl radicals [OH], and other reactive oxygen species by the active bismuth-doped TiO2 anode were negligible under the same electrolytic conditions. The formation of THMs and HAA5 were found to increase with higher applied cell voltage. Based on the energy consumption estimates, the WEC system can be operated using solar energy stored in a DC battery as the sole power source.
Modulation of HIV-1 Transcription by Cytokines and Chemokines (2005)

Infection with HIV results in the modulation of circulating levels of many host factors. Several host proteins that are up-regulated in HIV infection have the potential to influence virus replication. More specifically, the transcription of HIV-1 can be modulated in vivo by host proteins, including cytokines and chemokines. Cytokines modulate transcription mediated by the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) via multiple signal transduction pathways with resulting recruitment of numerous transcription factors, including NFkappaB, C/EBP, AP-1, TCF-1alpha, NF-IL-6 and ISGF-3. The effects on transcription may vary depending upon the cell type studied and upon the timing of the exposure of infected or transfected cells to cytokines. Furthermore, studies of cytokine mediated activation or inhibition of LTR mediated transcription may also be affected by the presence of the HIV-1 trans-activating protein, Tat, which has significant impact upon the redox state of the cell. This review will examine the complexities of the positive and negative control of HIV transcription by cytokines and chemokines.
Some observations on the formulation 'and properties of chlorhexidine (1973)

Synopsis--The selection of the most appropriate salts of the ANTISEPTIC CHLORHEXIDINE and the influence of formulation adjuncts on drug availability are discussed. The rapid, broad spectrum bactericidal action in association with the wide safety margin, freedom from SENSITIZATION and drug resistance risks are factors influencing its current wide usage in medical and surgical practice. Hospital applications include bactericidal handwashing, preoperative SKIN disinfection, prevention of cross-infection and the DISINFECTION of inanimate objects. Chlorhexidine is employed advantageously in antibacterial TOILET PREPARATIONS and its properties are ideal for safe and effective DEODORANT compositions. In DENTAL applications it is adsorbed on the enamel, plaque and mucins and accordingly it may be valuable in the prevention or treatment of oral infections and in the control of dental caries.
Zinc oxide varistors (1989)

An overview is given of zinc oxide varistors, which are made of semiconducting ceramics with highly nonohmic current-voltage characteristics, which originate at the grain boundaries. These varistors are widely utilized to protect electric power lines and electronic components against dangerous voltage surges. This overview covers electrical characteristics, fabrication methods, effects of additives, microstructures, the conduction mechanism, degradation, and applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dual priming oligonucleotide–based multiplex PCR analysis for detection of BRAF<sup>V600E</sup> mutation in FNAB samples of thyroid nodules in BRAF<sup>V600E</sup> mutation–prevalent area (2009)

DPO-based multiplex PCR may be an alternative to direct DNA sequencing because of its high sensitivity, high accuracy, and simplicity. BRAF(V600E) may be a useful additional diagnostic marker in BRAF(V600E)-prevalent areas.
Alternative techniques for the clinical assessment of foot pronation (1998)

Clinical measurement is a fundamental component of podiatric biomechanics. However, recent research has seriously questioned the reliability and validity of the commonly used approaches to clinical measurement of foot posture. A reevaluation of foot-morphology measurement is therefore warranted. This article discusses alternative clinical techniques of measuring foot type reported in the literature (arch height, footprint indices, the valgus index, and navicular drop) that may prove to be superior to the commonly used podiatric measurement system. On the basis of a critical evaluation of the literature, it would appear that arch height and footprint indices are invalid as means of categorizing foot morphology, while the valgus index and navicular drop offer a number of benefits over traditional frontal-plane measurements. An additional clinical measurement suggested by the author, navicular "drift," is also introduced. The advantages, disadvantages, and clinical application of each of these approaches are discussed in detail.
Deep sub-100 nm Ge CMOS devices on Si with the recessed S/D and channel (2014)

We report on comprehensive studies of Ge CMOS devices with the recessed channel and S/D fabricated on a Ge-on-insulator (GeOI) substrate. Both nFETs and pFETs with channel lengths (L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ch</sub> ) from 500 to 20 nm, channel thicknesses (T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ch</sub> ) from 90 to 15 nm, EOTs from 5 to 3 nm, and gate stacks with and without the post oxidation (PO) are investigated. Benefiting from the fully depleted ultra-thin body (FD-UTB) channel with a reasonable interface, a low sub-threshold slope (SS) of 95 mV/dec is obtained in a 60 nm L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ch</sub> nFET and a record high I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> /I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> ratio of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> is realized in a 300 nm L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ch</sub> nFET. The recessed contact strongly dependents on the recessed depth and optimized recessed depth significantly improves the Ge contacts.
Delivering Enhanced Testosterone Replacement Therapy through Nanochannels (2014)

Primary or secondary hypogonadism results in a range of signs and symptoms that compromise quality of life and requires life-long testosterone replacement therapy. In this study, an implantable nanochannel system is investigated as an alternative delivery strategy for the long-term sustained and constant release of testosterone. In vitro release tests are performed using a dissolution set up, with testosterone and testosterone:2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (TES:HPCD) 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratio complexes release from the implantable nanochannel system and quantify by HPLC. 1:2 TES:HPCD complex stably achieve 10-15 times higher testosterone solubility with 25-30 times higher in vitro release. Bioactivity of delivered testosterone is verified by LNCaP/LUC cell luminescence. In vivo evaluation of testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and multiplex assay is performed in castrated Sprague-Dawley rats over 30 d. Animals are treated with the nanochannel implants or degradable testosterone pellets. The 1:2 TES:HPCD nanochannel implant exhibits sustained and clinically relevant in vivo release kinetics and attains physiologically stable plasma levels of testosterone, LH, and FSH. In conclusion, it is demonstrated that by providing long-term steady release 1:2 TES:HPCD nanochannel implants may represent a major breakthrough for the treatment of male hypogonadism.