gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Activity of Paclitaxel-Loaded Polymeric Expansile Nanoparticles in Breast Cancer Cells (2013)

Through a series of in vitro studies, the essential steps for intracellular drug delivery of paclitaxel using a pH-responsive nanoparticle system have been investigated in breast cancer cells. We successfully encapsulated paclitaxel within polymeric expansile nanoparticles (Pax-eNPs) at 5% loading via a miniemulsion polymerization procedure. Fluorescently tagged eNPs were readily taken up by MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells grown in culture as confirmed by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. The ability of the encapsulated paclitaxel to reach the cytoplasm was also observed using confocal microscopy and fluorescently labeled paclitaxel. Pax-eNPs were shown to be efficacious against three in vitro human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and SK-BR-3) as well as cells isolated from the pleural effusions of two different breast cancer patients. Lastly, macropinocytosis was identified as the major cellular pathway responsible for eNP uptake, as confirmed using temperature-sensitive metabolic reduction, pharmacologic inhibitors, and fluid-phase marker colocalization.
Characterization of a Novel Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase from Plants (2001)

The plant hormone abscisic acid is derived from the oxidative cleavage of a carotenoid precursor. Enzymes that catalyze this carotenoid cleavage reaction, nine-cis epoxy-carotenoid dioxygenases, have been identified in several plant species. Similar proteins, whose functions are not yet known, are present in diverse organisms. A putative cleavage enzyme from Arabidopsis thaliana contains several highly conserved motifs found in other carotenoid cleavage enzymes. However, the overall homology with known abscisic acid biosynthetic enzymes is low. To determine the biochemical function of this protein, it was expressed in Escherichia coli and used for in vitro assays. The recombinant protein was able to cleave a variety of carotenoids at the 9-10 and 9'-10' positions. In most instances, the enzyme cleaves the substrate symmetrically to produce a C(14) dialdehyde and two C(13) products, which vary depending on the carotenoid substrate. Based upon sequence similarity, orthologs of this gene are present throughout the plant kingdom. A similar protein in beans catalyzes the same reaction in vitro. The characterization of these activities offers the potential to synthesize a variety of interesting, natural products and is the first step in determining the function of this gene family in plants.
Ferromagnetism in icosahedral Al-Mn-Si alloys (1989)

Alloys of ${\mathrm{Al}}_{50}$${\mathrm{Mn}}_{20}$${\mathrm{Si}}_{30}$ and ${\mathrm{Al}}_{55}$${\mathrm{Mn}}_{20}$${\mathrm{Si}}_{25}$ have been prepared by rapid quenching from the melt onto a single Cu roller. As-quenched alloys have been found to be fully amorphous. This amorphous phase crystallizes at approximately 600 K. Alloys annealed below the crystallization temperature transform into single-phase icosahedral quasicrystals. Both the amorphous and quasicrystalline phases are weakly ferromagnetic with Curie temperatures around 120 K and saturation magnetization in the order of 0.1 emu/g.
Temperature measurements in low-pressure, diamond-forming, premixed flames (1998)

Measurements of temperature in low-pressure, diamond-forming, premixed flames are described. Optical emission spectroscopy was used to determine the rotational temperature of CH radicals in the flame by analyzing the spectra of the R-branch of the A 2Δ→X 2Π(0,0) CH electronic transition near 430 nm. Emission spectroscopic measurements were taken in stagnation-point flames of three different fuel types; CH4–O2, C2H4–O2, and C2H2–O2 flames, all of which have been previously used in the synthesis of diamond films. The emission-based rotational temperatures are found to be in good agreement with temperature measurements from thermocouples for the CH4–O2 flame, when a correction is made to the thermocouple measurements for radiation losses. The measurements show that peak flame temperatures are higher than the adiabatic flame temperatures for both C2H4–O2, and C2H2–O2 flames; a result that is also predicted by a numerical simulation of the stagnation-point strained flame that accounts for detailed finite-rate gas-phase chemistry and heterogeneous surface reactions.
A resource management framework for adaptive middleware (2002)

The authors introduce a reflective resource management framework that offers facilities for resource awareness and dynamic reallocation of resources for an adaptive middleware architecture. The main emphasis of the paper is the design and implementation of a resource management framework for such an architecture. We are not carrying out research in specific resource management algorithms; rather, we focus on providing a general framework which can accommodate best practice in the area. Such facilities ease the management of resources by providing a complete and consistent model of resources in the system at varying levels of abstractions. In addition, activities in the system are represented in a task model which provides a higher level of resource management.
Fabrication Process of Cone SONOS Memory Structure (2008)

The cone SONOS memory device is a vertical device and has a merit of electric field concentration at the channel region near the drain. The key point of the device is excellent program/erase characteristic induced by electric field concentration in the channel region near the drain and electric field reduction in the blocking oxide. There are three important unit processes, patterning cone shape, overlapped gate formation, and drain contact. In this paper, we focus on the fabrication process of the structure.
EVIDENCE FOR HAIRPIN PACKET STRUCTURE IN DNS CHANNEL FLOW (1999)

Experimental studies of boundary layers and channel flows with 2-D PIV measurements have revealed that wall turbulence is thickly populated with hairpin vortices that mostly appear in groups as "packets". A recent numerical simulation study of the evolution of a single hairpin-like vortex has disclosed the mechanism for the generation of near-wall hairpin vortex packets. However, there are very few observations of hairpins in existing DNS studies, and none have revealed packets. The present study demonstrates, for the first time, the existence of hairpin vortex packets in DNS of turbulent flow. Vortex packets are found to appear frequently in DNS of fully developed turbulent channel flows at moderate Reynolds number, Reτ = 300. A vortex detection method based on the imaginary part of the eigenvalue of the velocity gradient tensor has helped to identify the vortices in velocity fields. The vortex packet structure found in present study is consistent with and substantiates the observations and the results from previous 2-D PIV measurements. This evidence substantiates the view that vortex packets are a universal feature of wall turbulence, independent of effects due to boundary layer trips or critical conditions in the aforementioned numerical studies. Visualization of DNS velocity field and vortices also shows the close association of hairpin packets with long low-momentum streaks
Longitudinal spatial inhomogeneities in high-power semiconductor lasers (1995)

We study the spatial distribution of the temperature, gain, and carrier density along the longitudinal direction of a semiconductor laser cavity. In high-power laser diodes, the use of asymmetrical facet reflectivities creates a spatially nonuniform photon intensity profile and results in inhomogeneous temperature and carrier distributions along the active stripe. These profiles are determined from direct measurements of blackbody radiation and the spontaneous emission from the laser cavity. The temperature of the active stripe is observed to be significantly higher than that of the heat sink during lasing, and the effect of temperature on the modal gain spectrum is analyzed. We demonstrate that the local carrier density and optical gain within a laser are not pinned beyond threshold. A spatially inhomogeneous gain profile is possible in laser cavities as long as the threshold condition that the averaged round-trip gain equals the total losses is maintained. A theoretical model is presented which explains the observed experimental data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Digital watermarking for copyright protection of MPEG2 compressed video (1998)

Digital watermarking is the technique which embeds an invisible signal including owner identification and copy control information into multimedia data such as audio, video, images, for copyright protection. This paper proposes a new watermarking technique which is appropriate for the MPEG-2 video coding system by extending the direct sequence spread spectrum. The proposed watermarking scheme in this paper minimizes the perceptual degradation of video quality, caused by the embedded watermark through controlling the strength and area of embedding with respect to the global and local characteristics of the video sequences. And this technique can also directly extract the embedded watermark from the watermarked MPEG-2 compressed video stream without using original video sequences. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is robust to various attacks to remove the embedded watermark and is feasible for real time system implementation.
Espnet-TTS: Unified, Reproducible, and Integratable Open Source End-to-End Text-to-Speech Toolkit (2020)

This paper introduces a new end-to-end text-to-speech (E2E-TTS) toolkit named ESPnet-TTS, which is an extension of the open-source speech processing toolkit ESPnet. The toolkit supports state-of- the-art E2E-TTS models, including Tacotron 2, Transformer TTS, and FastSpeech, and also provides recipes inspired by the Kaldi automatic speech recognition (ASR) toolkit. The recipes are based on the design unified with the ESPnet ASR recipe, providing high reproducibility. The toolkit also provides pre-trained models and samples of all of the recipes so that users can use it as a baseline. Furthermore, the unified design enables the integration of ASR functions with TTS, e.g., ASR-based objective evaluation and semi- supervised learning with both ASR and TTS models. This paper describes the design of the toolkit and experimental evaluation in comparison with other toolkits. The experimental results show that our models can achieve state-of-the-art performance comparable to the other latest toolkits, resulting in a mean opinion score (MOS) of 4.25 on the LJSpeech dataset. The toolkit is publicly available at https://github.com/espnet/espnet.
Diastereoselective Cyclization of w-Formylated Allysilanes into Bicyclic a-Methylene-g-butyrolactones; a Facile Synthesis of p-Menthanolides (1992)

Intramolecular cyclization of ω-formylated allylsilanes, ethyl (Z)- and (E)-2-(trimethylsilyl)methyl-6(R)-methyl-7-formyl-hept-2-enoates (5a and 5b), was effected by BF 3 -etherate, giving cis (1S,2S,5R)- and trans (1R,2S,5R)-hydroxy esters (6 and 7) in complete diastereoselectivities. Treatment of the allysilanes (5a and 5b) with TiCl 4 predominantly gave the cis (1S,2S,5R)-isomer in excellent yields. These hydroxy esters (6 and 7) were easily converted into α-methylene-γ-butyrolactones, cis- and trans-p-menthanolides (II and III)
Surface tension stabilized laser welding (donut laser welding)—A new laser welding technique (2013)

A new laser welding process is presented which delivers a porosity free, spatter free weld. The process involves a donut shaped melt with a central hole of the same order of magnitude as the material thickness. The laser illuminates only the leading section of this melt. The hole is kept open by the melt surface tension.
Double‐Sided Junctions Enable High‐Performance Colloidal‐Quantum‐Dot Photovoltaics (2016)

The latest advances in colloidal-quantum-dot material processing are combined with a double-sided junction architecture, which is done by efficiently incorporating indium ions in the ZnO eletrode. This platform allows the collection of all photogenerated carriers even at the maximum power point. The increased depletion width in the device facilitates full carrier collection, leading to a record 10.8% power conversion efficiency.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection training with pig models in a Western country (2010)

Training in animal models could help endoscopists overcome the learning curve before starting ESD in humans.
Towards the design and operation of net-zero energy data centers (2012)

Reduction of resource consumption in data centers is becoming a growing concern for data center designers, operators and users. Accordingly, interest in the use of renewable energy to provide some portion of a data center's overall energy usage is also growing. One key concern is that the amount of renewable energy necessary to satisfy a typical data center's power consumption can lead to prohibitively high capital costs for the power generation and delivery infrastructure, particularly if on-site renewables are used. In this paper, we introduce a method to operate a data center with renewable energy that minimizes dependence on grid power while minimizing capital cost. We achieve this by integrating data center demand with the availability of resource supplies during operation. We discuss results from the deployment of our method in a production data center.
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation Announces Special Issue on Antennas and Propagation Aspects of 60-90GHz Wireless Communications (2007)

Describes the above-named upcoming special issue or section. May include topics to be covered or calls for papers.
Spectroscopic Techniques for Quality Assurance of Oil Field Corrosion Inhibitors (1985)

Abstract Since oil field corrosion inhibitors are often complex mixtures of several impure compounds such as amines, fatty acids, reaction products of acids and amines, as well as surfactants and solvents, it is difficult to analyze them qualitatively and quantitatively for proper formulation. Previously, performance criteria on wheel tests were interpreted to indicate proper or improper inhibitor formulation. It is now possible to simplify this difficult task with a method that actually reveals inhibitor composition, using the spectroscopic techniques of carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). These complementary techniques can reveal considerable qualitative information on the components of an inhibitor. In addition, a strictly empirical method has been developed that yields semiquantitative information concerning the proportions of the components used in an inhibitor. This study describes the use of 13C NMR and FT-IR to ensure the quality of o...
A half-implant device on fingernails (2014)

Hand gesture feedback systems using tactile or visual information can only be used in given situations because of the limitations of the device features such as the need for a battery. In this paper, we propose a half-implant device located on the fingernail. The half-implant device consists of a radio frequency (RF) receiving antenna, small electronic parts, and UV gel. The UV gel is used to glue the parts onto the user's nail and cover the parts meant to be waterproof. The device receives power from the RF antenna; therefore, it does not require a battery to function. It notifies whether the finger is in a target site by lighting an LED or activating a vibration motor. The primary benefit of this device is that the user can feel hand gesture feedback, anytime and anywhere. The device can be placed on the users' fingernail for approximately three weeks. To verify the devices' influence on the users' pointing task, we conducted a preliminary user study. The task success rate was 100% over the sessions with tactile and visual feedback and 97% without feedback. The experiment revealed that the tactile notification reduced the task time by 12.3 % compared to that of the test with no feedback.
Review article: management of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection and ‘normal’ alanine aminotransferase activity (2006)

A treatment approach that considers host and virus-related variables and optimizes patient and cost benefits may therefore provide more effective management of patients with chronic hepatitis C and normal alanine aminotransferase activity.
Improved epidermal barrier formation in human skin models by chitosan modulated dermal matrices (2017)

Full thickness human skin models (FTMs) contain an epidermal and a dermal equivalent. The latter is composed of a collagen dermal matrix which harbours fibroblasts. Current epidermal barrier properties of FTMs do not fully resemble that of native human skin (NHS), which makes these human skin models less suitable for barrier related studies. To further enhance the resemblance of NHS for epidermal morphogenesis and barrier formation, we modulated the collagen dermal matrix with the biocompatible polymer chitosan. Herein, we report that these collagen-chitosan FTMs (CC-FTMs) possess a well-organized epidermis and maintain both the early and late differentiation programs as in FTMs. Distinctively, the epidermal cell activation is reduced in CC-FTMs to levels observed in NHS. Dermal-epidermal interactions are functional in both FTM types, based on the formation of the basement membrane. Evaluation of the barrier structure by the organization of the extracellular lipid matrix of the stratum corneum revealed an elongated repeat distance of the long periodicity phase. The ceramide composition exhibited a higher resemblance of the NHS, based on the carbon chain-length distribution and subclass profile. The inside-out barrier functionality indicated by the transepidermal water loss is significantly improved in the CC-FTMs. The expression of epidermal barrier lipid processing enzymes is marginally affected, although more restricted to a single granular layer. The novel CC-FTM resembles the NHS more closely, which makes them a promising tool for epidermal barrier related studies.
A Framework for Decision Fusion in Image Forensics Based on Dempster–Shafer Theory of Evidence (2013)

In this work, we present a decision fusion strategy for image forensics. We define a framework that exploits information provided by available forensic tools to yield a global judgment about the authenticity of an image. Sources of information are modeled and fused using Dempster-Shafer Theory of Evidence, since this theory allows us to handle uncertain answers from tools and lack of knowledge about prior probabilities better than the classical Bayesian approach. The proposed framework permits us to exploit any available information about tools reliability and about the compatibility between the traces the forensic tools look for. The framework is easily extendable: new tools can be added incrementally with a little effort. Comparison with logical disjunction- and SVM-based fusion approaches shows an improvement in classification accuracy, particularly when strong generalization capabilities are needed.
Upregulation of erythropoietin receptor during postnatal and postpneumonectomy lung growth (2004)

Circulating erythropoietin (EPO) stimulates erythrocytosis, whereas organ-specific local EPO receptor (EPOR) expression has been linked to angiogenesis, tissue growth, and development. On the basis of the observation of concurrent enhancement of lung growth and erythrocyte production during exposure to chronic hypoxia, we hypothesized that a paracrine EPO system is involved in mediating lung growth. We analyzed EPOR protein expression in normal dog lung tissue during postnatal maturation and during compensatory lung growth after right pneumonectomy (PNX). Membrane-bound EPOR was significantly more abundant in the immature lung compared with mature lung and in the remaining lung 3 wk after PNX compared with matched sham controls. COOH-terminal cytosolic EPOR peptides, which were even more abundant than membrane-bound EPOR, were also upregulated in immature lung but differentially processed after PNX. Apoptosis was enhanced during both types of lung growth in direct relationship to cellular proliferation and EPOR expression. We conclude that both developmental and compensatory lung growth involve paracrine EPO signaling with parallel upregulation but differential processing of EPOR.
Classification for Safety-Critical Car-Cyclist Scenarios Using Machine Learning (2015)

The number of fatal car-cyclist accidents is increasing. Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) can improve the safety of cyclists, but they need to be tested with realistic safety-critical car-cyclist scenarios. In order to store only relevant scenarios, an online classification algorithm is needed. We demonstrate that machine learning techniques can be used to detect and classify those scenarios based on their trajectory data. A dataset consisting of 99 realistic car-cyclist scenarios is gathered using an instrumented vehicle. We achieved a classification accuracy of the gathered data of 87.9%. The execution time of only 45.8 us shows that the algorithm is suitable for online purposes.
Specification and analysis of system architecture using Rapide (1995)

Rapide is an event-based, concurrent, object-oriented language specifically designed for prototyping system architectures. Two principle design goals are: (1) to provide constructs for defining executable prototypes of architectures and (2) to adopt an execution model in which the concurrency, synchronization, dataflow, and timing properties of a prototype are explicitly represented. This paper describes the partially ordered event set (poset) execution model and outlines with examples some of the event-based features for defining communication architectures and relationships between architectures. Various features of Rapide are illustrated by excerpts from a prototype of the X/Open distributed transaction processing reference architecture.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Arg<sup>362</sup> and Tyr<sup>365</sup> of the Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Light Chain Are Involved in Transition State Stabilization (2002)

The botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) light chain (LC) acts as zinc endopeptidase. The X-ray structure of the toxin demonstrated that Zn(2+) is coordinated by His(222) and His(226) of the Zn(2+) binding motif HisGluXXHis and Glu(261), whereas Glu(223) coordinates the water molecule required for hydrolysis as the fourth ligand. Recent analysis of a cocrystal of the BoNT/B LC and its substrate synaptobrevin 2 suggested that Arg(362) and Tyr(365) of the homologous BoNT/A may be directly involved in catalysis. Their role and that of Glu(350) which is also found in the vicinity to the active site were analyzed by site-directed mutagenesis. Various replacements of Arg(362) and substitution of Tyr(365) with Phe resulted in 79- and 34-fold lower k(cat)/K(m) values, respectively. These changes were provoked by decreased catalytic rates (k(cat)) and not by alterations of ground state substrate binding as evidenced by largely unchanged K(d) and K(m) values. None of these mutations affected the overall secondary structure or zinc content of the LC. These findings suggest that the guanidino group of Arg(362) and the hydroxyl group of Tyr(365) together accomplish transition state stabilization as was proposed for thermolysin, being the prototypical member of the gluzincin superfamily of metalloproteases. Mutation of Glu(350) dramatically diminished the hydrolytic activity which must partly be attributed to an altered active site fine structure as demonstrated by an increased sensitivity toward heat-induced denaturing and a lower Zn(2+) binding affinity. Glu(350) apparently occupies a central position in the active site and presumably positions His(222) and Arg(362).