gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Switchable ON-/OFF-Body Antenna for 2.45 GHz WBAN Applications (2017)

A switchable ON-/OFF-body antenna operating at the same frequency of 2.45 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band for wireless body area network (WBAN) applications is presented. P-i-n diodes are chosen to act as the switches between ON-body and OFF-body modes with the forward or reverse direct current (dc) voltage. To achieve the same operating frequency at ON-body and OFF-body modes, suitable slots are cut on the radiator to have size reduction at OFF-body mode, and it will have less effect at ON-body mode. Bias circuit is integrated in the antenna. Total size of the antenna is π ×24 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ×3.2 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . Specific absorption rate (SAR) value is also analyzed in this communication. Then, the antenna is fabricated to validate the design concept. Measured radiation pattern of ON-body mode is omni-direction with vertical polarization and OFF-body mode is with broadside, respectively. Communication links of ON-body mode, which assessed by |S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">21</sub> | and the performance at OFF-body mode, are also studied in this communication.
Failure data analysis of a large-scale heterogeneous server environment (2004)

The growing complexity of hardware and software mandates the recognition of fault occurrence in system deployment and management. While there are several techniques to prevent and/or handle faults, there continues to be a growing need for an in-depth understanding of system errors and failures and their empirical and statistical properties. This understanding can help evaluate the effectiveness of different techniques for improving system availability, in addition to developing new solutions. In this paper, we analyze the empirical and statistical properties of system errors and failures from a network of nearly 400 heterogeneous servers running a diverse workload over a year. While improvements in system robustness continue to limit the number of actual failures to a very small fraction of the recorded errors, the failure rates are significant and highly variable. Our results also show that the system error and failure patterns are comprised of time-varying behavior containing long stationary intervals. These stationary intervals exhibit various strong correlation structures and periodic patterns, which impact performance but also can be exploited to address such performance issues.
Universal eating monitor for continuous recording of solid or liquid consumption in man (1980)

A universal eating monitor has been developed that permits covert continuous weighing of a subject's plate or other food reservoir by means of a concealed electronic balance. By coupling the device with a digital computer, it is possible to record precisely the amount consumed every 3 s throughout a single-course meal consisting of a relatively homogeneous mixture of foods. The monitor have been used to compare total intake, meal duration, initial rate of intake, and deceleration of intake in human subjects ingesting either a solid or liquid version of the same food after 3 or 6 h without food. It was found that the liquid form was eaten faster than the solid form, but that total amounts consumed in each form were not significantly different. These results suggest that when the rate of consumption is controlled by the physical consistency of the food, the amount eaten is not determined by the rate of consumption alone. Further studied are necessary to determine the relative roles of visual cues and interoceptive signals on quantity eaten.
Investigation of Electrochromic Diphthalocyanines. (1980)

Lanthanide diphthalocyanine films on tin oxide electrodes in contact with aqueous electrolytes exhibit a series of color changes on variation of the applied potential. The results confirmed that the color changes were due to faradaic reactions rather than temporary field effects. They provided information on the stoichiometry and kinetics of the electrode processes and on the stabilities of color-converted forms of the dye. The lutetium diphthalocyanine film was initially green. By simple chemical and electrochemical diagnostic experiments, it was found that a blue cathodic product formed with utilization of hydrogen ion. The blue material was converted to green by reaction with oxygen. Anodic reactions could produce more than one red form of the dye, generally without a pH change in the electrolyte. The red materials were strong oxidizing agents. Thin-layer electrochemical measurements confirmed the participation of protons in the cathodic process. The thin-layer cell design, which included a shallow, precisely etched glass cavity, may prove useful in other research. A complementary solid-state electrochemical investigation of lutetium diphthalocyanine in this laboratory led to the proposal that anodic oxidation occurred by rapid migration of anions from the electrolyte into the solid organic film.
Minimal group refractive index dispersion and gain evolution in ultra-broad-band quantum cascade lasers (2002)

The group refractive index dispersion in ultra-broad-band quantum cascade (QC) lasers has been determined using Fabry-Perot spectra obtained by operating the lasers in continuous wave mode below threshold. In the wavelength range of 5-8 μm, the global change of the group refractive index is as small as +8.2 × 10/sup -3/ μm/sup -1/. Using the method of Hakki and Paoli (1975), the subthreshold gain of the lasers has furthermore been measured as a function of wavelength and current. At the wavelength of best performance, 7.4 μm, a modal gain coefficient of 16 cm/spl middot/kA/sup -1/ at threshold and a waveguide loss of 18 cm/sup -1/ have been estimated. The gain evolution confirms an earlier assumption that cross-absorption restricted laser action to above 6 μm wavelength.
Bicarbonate versus Lactate-Based Capd Fluids: A Biocompatibility Study in Rabbits (1992)

Previous in vitro biocompatibility studies have shown bicarbonate-based continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) fluids to be superior to those based upon lactate/acetate. To evaluate these findings in vivo, 41 rabbits were subjected to CAPD for four weeks in a randomized prospective study using either Dianeal, a commercially available dialysis fluid containing lactate, or 87b, a bicarbonate-based CAPD fluid. Ten rabbits with CAPD catheters, which were flushed with a heparin solution every 36 hours, served as controls. None of the control rabbits showed clinical or histopathological signs of peritonitis, while 8 of 20 in the Dianeal group and 6 of 21 in the 87b group contracted peritonitis. Four rabbits in the Dianeal group had to be sacrificed early due to severe peritonitis. Post mortem examinations, including scanning and light microscopy, did not reveal any macroscopic or microscopic differences among the three groups of noninfected animals. No significant distinctions between the groups could be made for body temperature, weight gain, dialysate volume, dialysate differential leukocyte count, dialysate protein content, and food intake during the course of the study. In conclusion, the present animal model did not reveal any major difference in the biocompatibility between the lactate- and the bicarbonate-based CAPD fluids.
A cascaded delta-sigma DAC with an analog FIR filter reducing mismatch-effects (2005)

In this paper, a cascaded small-size /spl Delta/-/spl Sigma/ DAC with an analog FIR filter including the mismatch shaping function is proposed in order to relax the specification of the continuous-time LPF for a reconstruction filter and components mismatch. The mismatch shaping function can be realized by only a few switches, which drastically reduce the hardware size of the mismatch shaping function. In addition, the degradation caused by the gain mismatch between first and second stage of the cascaded /spl Delta/-/spl Sigma/ DAC (CDS-DAC) can be reduce by proposed technique.
Computer Applications in Psychiatry. By J. D. Lieff. (Pp. 427; £27.50.) Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. 1987. (1989)

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Increased Risk of Cancer in the Peutz–Jeghers Syndrome (1987)

The Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is an autosomal dominant hereditary disease characterized by hamartomatous polyps of the gastrointestinal tract and by mucocutaneous melanin deposits. The frequency of cancer in this syndrome has not been studied extensively. Therefore, we investigated 31 patients with the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome who were followed from 1973 to 1985. All cases of cancer were verified by histopathological review. Cancer developed in 15 of the 31 patients (48 percent)--gastrointestinal carcinomas in 4, nongastrointestinal carcinomas in 10, and multiple myeloma in 1. In addition, adenomatous polyps of the stomach and colon occurred in three other patients. The cancers were diagnosed when the patients were relatively young, but after the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome had been diagnosed (interval between diagnoses, 25 +/- 20 years; range, 1 to 64). According to relative-risk analysis, the observed development of cancer in the patients with the syndrome was 18 times greater than expected in the general population (P less than 0.0001). Our results suggest that patients with the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome have an increased risk for the development of cancer at gastrointestinal and nongastrointestinal sites.
Increased Thresholds for Long-Term Potentiation and Contextual Learning in Mice Lacking the NMDA-type Glutamate Receptor ε1 Subunit (1998)

The NMDA-type glutamate receptor (GluR) channel, composed of the GluRepsilon and GluRzeta subunits, plays a key role in synaptic plasticity in the CNS. The mutant mice lacking the GluRepsilon1 subunit exhibited a reduction in hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), but a stronger tetanic stimulation restored the impairment and the saturation level of LTP was unaltered. These results suggest an increase of threshold for LTP induction in the GluRepsilon1 mutant mice. After a series of backcrosses we established a GluRepsilon1 mutant mouse line with a 99.99% pure C57BL/6 genetic background. The performance of the mutant mice in tone- and context-dependent fear conditioning tests was comparable with that of the wild-type mice. However, a significant difference in the extent of contextual learning became apparent when the chamber exposure time before footshock was shortened. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in freezing responses immediately after footshock on the conditioning day between the wild-type and mutant mice, and the difference was not restored by longer chamber exposure in contrast to the contextual learning on the next day of the conditioning. These results suggest that the GluRepsilon1 subunit of the NMDA receptor channel is a determinant of thresholds for both hippocampal LTP and contextual learning and plays differential roles in two forms of contextual fear memories.
Processing Infrared Images For High Speed Power Line Inspection (1989)

This work examines automation of fault detection in infrared images of power transmission lines. Several levels of processing for semi- and full automation of the task are proposed and the first processing level is implemented. A global adaptive thresholding technique which adapts to each new tape is used for the real-time detection of potential fault spots in the taped imagery. Timing considerations for fault detection and image saving are discussed and the impact of hot background objects on the system performance is explained.
A centering approach to pronouns (1987)

In this paper we present a formalization of the centering approach to modeling attentional structure in discourse and use it as the basis for an algorithm to track discourse context and bind pronouns. As described in [GJW86], the process of centering attention on entities in the discourse gives rise to the intersentential transitional states of continuing, retaining and shifting. We propose an extension to these states which handles some additional cases of multiple ambiguous pronouns. The algorithm has been implemented in an HPSG natural language system which serves as the interface to a database query application.
Discovery of PSI-353661, a Novel Purine Nucleotide Prodrug for the Treatment of HCV Infection (2010)

Hepatitis C virus afflicts approximately 180 million people worldwide, and the development of direct acting antivirals may offer substantial benefit compared to the current standard of care. Accordingly, prodrugs of 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro-2′-C-methylguanosine monophosphate analogues were prepared and evaluated for their anti-HCV efficacy and tolerability. These prodrugs demonstrated >1000 fold greater potency than the parent nucleoside in a cell-based replicon assay as a result of higher intracellular triphosphate levels. Further optimization led to the discovery of the clinical candidate PSI-353661, which has demonstrated strong in vitro inhibition against HCV without cytotoxicity and equipotent activity against both the wild type and the known S282T nucleoside/tide resistant replicon. PSI-353661 is currently in preclinical development for the treatment of HCV.
The Differential Impact of Plastic Surgery Subspecialties on the Financial Performance of an Academic Clinical Practice (2014)

Breast reconstruction exhibited the greatest growth in consultations, and oncologic consultations demonstrated the highest consultation-to-surgery conversion rate. The higher consultation volume and conversion rate associated with breast reconstruction resulted in greater financial gains for both the department and the hospital. These findings may be of utility in the development of academic plastic surgery programs.
Power and DC link voltage control considerations for indirect AC/AC Modular Multilevel Converters (2011)

A highly interesting application field of the Modular Multilevel Converter is the interconnection of the European three-phase 50 Hz industrial grid with the single-phase 16 2/3 Hz railway supply. Contrary to existing technologies, the utilization of a bulky and costly transformer on the low frequency side as well as additional filtering components on the AC lines or DC link are avoided. However, the inherent converter dynamics still pose challenges in the design of control systems, which should ensure safe operation as well as high performance in steady state and transient conditions. This paper investigates an eective way to control the power as well as the DC link voltage in such a Modular Multilevel Converter-based network interface. The additional control objectives, such as branch energy stabilization as well as sub-module capacitor voltage balancing are maintained, regardless of the aforementioned externally controlled magnitudes. The DC link second harmonic power fluctuation, which is a property of the single-phase side, is also compensated by means of proper circulating current control. The analyzed concepts are evaluated by means of simulation results, using a discrete-time model of a real power application.
An overview of the distribution and function of carbonic anhydrase in mammals (2000)

During the last two decades, immunohistochemical approaches have greatly increased our understanding of the distribution and function of carbonic anhydrase (CA) in different organs. The availability of isoenzyme-specific antibodies to different CAs has made it possible to localize each isoenzyme at the cellular and subcellular levels, and this has attracted investigators to study their specific physiological role, based on a knowledge of the cell types expressing the enzyme. This review presents selected immunohistochemical data on CA isoenzymes in mammals and provides some functional correlations that could facilitate the understanding of the physiological role of CAs in different organs.
Übergangsmetall-katalysierte Kupplungsreaktionen unter C-H-Aktivierung (1999)

Die C-C-Verknüpfung durch Übergangsmetall-katalysierte C-H-Aktivierung hat sich zu einem facettenreichen Forschungsgebiet entwickelt. Die einsetzbaren Katalysatoren sind vielfältig, und die Produktpalette reicht von Grundchemikalien über Pharmaka bis zu Bausteinen für Kohlenstoffnetzwerke. Eine Reaktion, bei der mehrere C-C-Bindungen, unter anderem unter Aktivierung einer Methylgruppe, gebildet werden, ist die Umsetzung von ortho-Iodanisol gemäß Gleichung (1).
Smad3‐Deficient Mice Have Reduced Esophageal Fibrosis and Angiogenesis in a Model of Egg‐Induced Eosinophilic Esophagitis (2014)

In a mouse model of egg-induced EoE, Smad3-deficient mice have significantly less esophageal remodeling, especially fibrosis and angiogenesis that is associated with reduced expression of VEGF. Targeting the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway may be a novel strategy to reduce esophageal fibrosis and its associated complications such as esophageal strictures in EoE.
<title>Real-time optical-flow range estimation on the iWarp</title> (1993)

This paper describes the implementation of an optical flow range-estimation algorithm, intended to support autonomous helicopter navigation, on the iWarp distributed-memory multicomputer. The implementation exploits numerous features of the iWarp communications and computation architecture to maximize performance and efficiency. The range-estimation algorithm has been previously implemented on both distributed and shared-memory workstations. Experiences and performance figures from the initial iWarp implementation are discussed along with plans for future refinements.
Fungal Endophthalmitis Following Intraocular Lens Implantation (1980)

Thirteen cases of fungal endophthalmitis were caused by Paecilomyces lilacinus. In all cases an intraocular lens was inserted that had been sterilized in sodium hydroxide and neutralized in sodium bicarbonate. In 12 of the 13 cases, it was absolutely determined that a manufacturer's lot 128 was the neutralizing solution used. The same fungus that caused the endophthalmitis was cultured from several of the neutralizing solutions from lot 128. Eight of the 13 eyes eventually required enucleation. Of the remaining five eyes, one eventually recovered 20/25 vision, one recovered 20/80 vision, one had light perception, and two lost light perception (one of these became phthisical). This surgically induced epidemic of fungal endophthalmitis clearly shows the major consequences of a breakdown in quality control for any substance or material used intraocularly.
270-km Ultralong Raman Fiber Laser (2009)

We analyze the physical mechanisms limiting optical fiber resonator length and report on the longest ever laser cavity, reaching 270 km, which shows a clearly resolvable mode structure with a width of approximately 120 Hz and peak separation of approximately 380 Hz in the radio-frequency spectrum.
A Functionally Conserved N-terminal Domain of the Friend of GATA-2 (FOG-2) Protein Represses GATA4-Dependent Transcription (2000)

GATA4 is a transcriptional activator of cardiac-restricted promoters and is required for normal cardiac morphogenesis. Friend of GATA-2 (FOG-2) is a multizinc finger protein that associates with GATA4 and represses GATA4-dependent transcription. To better understand the transcriptional repressor activity of FOG-2 we performed a functional analysis of the FOG-2 protein. The results demonstrated that 1) zinc fingers 1 and 6 of FOG-2 are each capable of interacting with evolutionarily conserved motifs within the N-terminal zinc finger of mammalian GATA proteins, 2) a nuclear localization signal (RKRRK) (amino acids 736-740) is required to program nuclear targeting of FOG-2, and 3) FOG-2 can interact with the transcriptional co-repressor, C-terminal-binding protein-2 via a conserved sequence motif in FOG-2 (PIDLS). Surprisingly, however, this interaction with C-terminal-binding protein-2 is not required for FOG-2-mediated repression of GATA4-dependent transcription. Instead, we have identified a novel N-terminal domain of FOG-2 (amino acids 1-247) that is both necessary and sufficient to repress GATA4-dependent transcription. This N-terminal repressor domain is functionally conserved in the related protein, Friend of GATA1. Taken together, these results define a set of evolutionarily conserved mechanisms by which FOG proteins repress GATA-dependent transcription and thereby form the foundation for genetic studies designed to elucidate the role of FOG-2 in cardiac development.
A sensitive bead assay for antimitochondrial antibodies: Chipping away at AMA-negative primary biliary cirrhosis (2007)

The development of this assay reflects the potential for automated detection with rapid and reliable assaying and further highlights the diminished number of truly AMA-negative PBC patients.
Chirality and Crop Protection (1991)

Abstract The modern agrochemical industry is searching, more intensively than ever, for new substances to combat pests (weeds, deleterious insects, plant pathogens, etc.). In the complex and costly selection and optimization process, state‐of‐the‐art scientific methods are always needed. The aims of the interdisciplinary optimization are mainly the reduction of the rate of application of the new substance, an increase in the selectivity against the target organism, and the optimal ecological profile. If a promising crop protection compound is a racemate or a diastereoisomeric mixture, the chemist has a unique opportunity to contribute to this optimization process through the synthesis of enantiomerically pure isomers for testing purposes. If the single isomer proves to be biologically superior to the racemate, the development of an economical and ecologically sound process for the production of the single isomer presents an even greater challenge. The average price of a crop protection compound is much lower than that for a pharmaceutical product, and this fact imposes a severe limitation upon the flexibility of the chemist who is concerned with the synthesis and production of a stereochemically pure agrochemical. This forces the crop protection chemist to make full use of both his scientific and creative capabilities. Fortunately, parallel to the development of the above optimization aims of a modern and ecologically sound crop protection research, there has been a continuous and worldwide advance in the area of asymmetric synthesis. Due to the interplay of these two parallel efforts there has been a great accumulation of chemical, biological, and agronomical knowledge in recent years, which should have implications beyond merely the synthesis of enantiomerically pure agrochemicals.