gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Method for the Delivery of the Interleukin-2 Gene to Human Hematopoietic Cells using the Fiber-Modified Recombinant Adenovirus (2011)

Recombinant human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5/35F-IL2) with modified fibres containing the C-terminal domain fiber-knob of human adenovirus serotype 35, carrying the gene of recombinant human IL-2, has been designed. As a result of the fiber modification, the adenovirus can efficiently deliver the genetic information to bone marrow leukocytes and the tumor blood cells KG-1A (human myeloblastic leukemia cells) and U937 (human histiocytic lymphoma cells), which are normally resistant to Ad5 infection. The flow cytometry data reveal that the modified Ad5/35F penetrates into a population of monocytes, granulocytes, and blast cells of human bone marrow. The expression of interleukin-2 in CAR-negative bone marrow leukocytes (3682.52 ± 134.21 pg/ml) and the cell lines KG-1A (748.3 ± 32.8 pg/ml) and U937 (421.5 ± 59.4 pg/ml) transduced with adenovirus Ad5/35F-IL2 is demonstrated. The fiber-modified adenovirus can be used as a vector for the efficient gene delivery of interleukin-2 to human normal and tumor hematopoietic cells.
Growth and Electrochemical Characterization of Carbon Nanospike Thin Film Electrodes (2014)

We report the growth of a nanospiked, carbon thin film electrode by an inexpensive, non-catalytic plasma enhanced CVD process on Si substrates. The electron transfer kinetics for various redox probes of these carbon nanospikes (CNS) were determined and compared with glassy carbon and CNS exposed to oxygen plasma or a high temperature ammonia soak. The results indicate that CNS can be used as a practical alternative to GC for various electroanalysis applications. These electrodes also exhibited activity and stability toward the oxygen reduction reaction, suggesting there potential use as electrocatalyst supports. Finally, the ability to deposit conformal thin films of CNS on a 3-D architecture for use as an electrode was demonstrated.
Positive correlation between symptoms and circulating motilin, pancreatic polypeptide and gastrin concentrations in functional bowel disorders. (1985)

Motilin, pancreatic polypeptide and gastrin blood concentrations in response to drinking water have been studied in 40 patients with functional bowel disease and compared with results in two groups of healthy control subjects. Patients with slow transit constipation and idiopathic megacolon showed impaired motilin release. Pancreatic polypeptide release was reduced in patients with slow transit constipation, but increased in those with functional diarrhoea. Gastrin release was impaired in all groups complaining of chronic constipation. Circulating motilin, pancreatic polypeptide and gastrin concentrations appear to bear some relationship to intestinal transit time in patients with functional bowel disorders.
KIT mutation in mast cells and other bone marrow hematopoietic cell lineages in systemic mast cell disorders: a prospective study of the Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA) in a series of 113 patients (2006)

Despite the relevance of the c-kit/stem cell factor (SCF) signaling pathway in mast cell (MC) diseases, the exact frequency of KIT mutations in different compartments of bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic cells of individuals with systemic mastocytosis (SM), and its different diagnostic categories, remains unknown. In this study, we prospectively analyzed the presence of KIT mutations in fluorescence-activated cell-sorting (FACS)- purified populations of BM MCs (n = 113) and other BM cell compartments (n = 67) from adults with SM. Our results show the presence of D816V KIT mutation in virtually all adults (93%) with indolent and aggressive forms of SM, except well-differentiated SM (29%), while other KIT mutations were rarely (< 3%) detected. In around one-third of patients with mutated MCs, the KIT mutation was also detected in CD34+ hematopoietic cells and eosinophils, and, to a lesser extent, in monocytic, neutrophil-lineage BM precursor cells and lymphocytes. Most patient with poor-prognosis SM (81%) carried the KIT mutation in 2 or more BM myeloid cell populations, while this was detected in a smaller proportion (27%) of indolent cases. These results would support the notion that KIT mutation is a hallmark of adult SM where it targets a pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell, and may contribute to explaining previously observed discrepancies in the literature.
A current-based reference-generation scheme for 1T-1C ferroelectric random-access memories (2003)

A reference generation scheme is proposed for a 1T-1C ferroelectric random-access memory (FeRAM) architecture that balances fatigue evenly between memory cells and reference cells. This is achieved by including a reference cell per row (instead of per column) of the memory array. The proposed scheme converts the bitline voltage to current and compares this current against a reference current using a current-steering sense amplifier. This scheme is evaluated over a range of bitline lengths and cell sizes in a 16-Kb test chip implemented in a 0.35-μm FeRAM process. The test chip measures an access time of 62 ns at room temperature using a 3-V power supply.
Audio Based Event Detection for Multimedia Surveillance (2006)

With the increasing use of audio sensors in surveillance and monitoring applications, event detection using audio streams has emerged as an important research problem. This paper presents a hierarchical approach for audio based event detection for surveillance. The proposed approach first classifies a given audio frame into vocal and nonvocal events, and then performs further classification into normal and excited events. We model the events using a Gaussian mixture model and optimize the parameters for four different audio features ZCR, LPC, LPCC and LFCC. Experiments have been performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the features for detecting various normal and the excited state human activities. The results show that the proposed top-down event detection approach works significantly better than the single level approach
Hydrophobicity, expressivity and aromaticity are the major trends of amino-acid usage in 999 Escherichia coli chromosome-encoded genes (1994)

Multivariate analysis of the amino-acid compositions of 999 chromosome-encoded proteins from Escherichia coli showed that three main factors influence the variability of amino-acid composition. The first factor was correlated with the global hydrophobicity of proteins, and it discriminated integral membrane proteins from the others. The second factor was correlated with gene expressivity, showing a bias in highly expressed genes towards amino-acids having abundant major tRNAs. Just as highly expressed genes have reduced codon diversity in protein coding sequences, so do they have a reduced diversity of amino-acid choice. This showed that translational constraints are important enough to affect the global amino-acid composition of proteins. The third factor was correlated with the aromaticity of proteins, showing that aromatic amino-acid content is highly variable.
Accommodative intraocular lenses: current status (2005)

The potential clinical benefits of accommodative IOL technology for both cataract patients and refractive patients may place accommodative IOLs in a competitive position with multifocal IOL technology.
Study of genetic parameters of broiler sire line (2002)

Genetic study for broiler, traits was estimated over tour generations on 3923 birds of a broiler sire line. The traits recorded were 6 week body weight (g), breast anglge (°), keel length and shank length (cm). The least squares means of the setraits over pooled generations were 822.18±3.66, 56.08±0.08, 8.92±0.03 and 6.83±0.01 respectively. The corresponding regression of generation mean on generation number were -0.13±0.11, -0.17±0.06, -1.44±0.32 (P<0.05) and -1.43±0.31 (P<0.05). Heritability of 6 week body weight, breast angle, keel length and shanklength for over pooled generation were 0.23±0.04, 0.11 ±O.03, 0.04±0.05 and 0.14±0:03 respectively. The corresponding regression coefficient of heritability estimate on generation number were -0.0±0.09, -0.05±0.03, -0.02±0.03 and 0.02±0.02, indicating declining trend, though non-significant.
An all-CMOS architecture for a low-power frequency-hopped 900 MHz spread spectrum transceiver (2002)

An all-CMOS single chip architecture of a frequency-hopped spread spectrum (FH/SS) transceiver is presented. The transceiver implements complete modem functions spanning a tuned RF front-end to a digital binary frequency-shift keying (FSK) modulator/demodulator, all operating from a 3-V supply. This FH/SS transceiver is intended for use in a wide variety of indoor/outdoor portable wireless applications in the 902-928 MHz ISM band [1]. System features such as dual antenna/branch diversity, fast frequency hopping, and adaptive power control are incorporated into the transceiver architecture to achieve robust wireless digital data transmission over multipath fading channels. This paper describes the architectural features of the transceiver and surveys several of the key building blocks which have been completed to date.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Low‐Temperature Chemoselective Gold‐Surface‐Mediated Hydrogenation of Acetone and Propionaldehyde (2012)

A golden opportunity: Chemoselective reactivity for the hydrogenation of acetone and propionaldehyde on H-covered gold is described. Propionaldehyde forms 1-propanol, whereas no hydrogenated product is detected from the interaction between acetone and hydrogen. Dissimilar energetic barriers and the polymerization of CH3CH2CHO are the basis of the chemoselective activity.
Implementation of Integrated Network Optimization Model for the Mumbai High Field—Crucial to Field-Wide Optimization (2009)

Abstract The giant ONGC Mumbai-High offshore field produces about 250,000 bopd (60% water-cut) from 700+ wells through 110+ unmanned production platforms. The production platforms are connected by subsea flow lines to 6 processing platforms where the oil, water and gas are separated. More than 80% of the wells in the field are on gas-lift. This paper discusses an integrated-network-modeling-and-optimization approach to overcome known drawbacks of single well gas-lift optimization. The new higher fidelity model captured the interactions between wells, flow-lines and platforms, field-wide. Using this approach, previously hidden opportunities for significant production improvement were identified. The model indicated a possibility of significant production increase (2 to 4%) and production efficiency improvement (significant reduction in lift gas requirement), which could be achieved by better allocation of lift gas and repair and redesign of the sub-optimal gas-lift wells. The latest available field implementation results are also presented. Currently, in the absence of full-loop control-automation of the gas-injection rates/pressures, logistical challenges made it impractical to simultaneously implement the calculated optimum settings field-wide. The network interactions are highest at the production-platform level between adjacent wells and connecting shared flow-lines. So, from practical implementation considerations, optimum gas-injection rates were calculated and simultaneously implemented at the production-platform level, one (or a group of few connected) production platform at a time, with little or no compromise on the quality of the solution or on the validity of the approach. To date, actual optimization implementation changes in 14 of the 110+ platforms (160 of the 700+ wells) indicated immediate production increase of over 2000 bopd and significant reduction in lift gas requirement. Based on these early indications, it is envisaged that the field-wide oil production gain can possibly be as high as 6%. Additionally, this paper discusses the challenges and recommended approaches with regards to sustainable model maintenance, solution implementation and workflow. Status of control automation and on-line modeling plans (planned for implementation in future) are also discussed.
Structural polypeptides of simian rotavirus SA11 and the effect of trypsin (1981)

Analysis of purified simian rotavirus has shown that it contains fewer structural polypeptide classes than previously reported. Two polypeptides (molecular weights, 62,000 and 28,000) commonly found in purified rotaviruses were, in fact, produced by cleavage of a larger structural polypeptide (molecular weight, about 88,000) by trypsin, which is usually employed to increase the yield of rotaviruses in tissue culture. Trypsin-uncleaved, double-shelled rotaviruses are probably composed of only five polypeptide classes; three in the inner layer, and two in the outer layer.
Extending the BLEU MT evaluation method with frequency weightings (2004)

We present the results of an experiment on extending the automatic method of Machine Translation evaluation BLUE with statistical weights for lexical items, such as tf.idf scores. We show that this extension gives additional information about evaluated texts; in particular it allows us to measure translation Adequacy, which, for statistical MT systems, is often overestimated by the baseline BLEU method. The proposed model uses a single human reference translation, which increases the usability of the proposed method for practical purposes. The model suggests a linguistic interpretation which relates frequency weights and human intuition about translation Adequacy and Fluency.
<i>Ganodermataceae</i>: Natural Products and Their Related Pharmacological Functions (2007)

The objective of this paper is to review the natural products and the pharmacological functions of Ganodermataceae family. Presently, studies on the bioactive components of Lingzhi are focused on polysaccharides and triterpenes/triterpenoids compounds. New Ganoderma polysaccharides, including their molecular weights, glycosyl residue compositions, glycosyl linkage and branches, are summarized in this paper. Also presented are new types of triterpenes and their characteristics from Lingzhi. Taking Ganoderma lucidum as an example, we reviewed its pharmacological functions in anti-tumor and immune-modulating activities for treating hypoglycemosis, hepatoprotection, and the effect on blood vessel system. Based on the advances in Lingzhi research in the past few decades, both G. lucidum and G. sinense are considered as the representative species of medicinal mushroom Lingzhi in China. Until 2001, G. tsugae was only advised to be used as the materials of the health products. The biologically-active components related to pharmacological functions of these three species were studied more than other Ganodermataceae family species; however, which have been used in less modern folk medicine.
Excessive Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity in Diabetes: Inhibition by Tetracycline Analogues with Zinc Reactivity (2001)

Diabetes mellitus in rats is characterized by excessive activity of several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), notably collagenase(s) and gelatinase(s), in skin, gingiva, and other tissues. A number of tetracyclines (TCs), both antimicrobial compounds as well as chemically modified non-antimicrobial TC analogues (CMTs) are known to possess potent inhibitory activity against these enzymes. Three conventional antimicrobial TCs and six CMTs were used in this study. In vitro, doxycycline was shown to possess higher inhibitory capacity (i.e. lower IC(max)) against diabetic rat skin collagenase than either minocycline or tetracycline HCl. Addition of excess zinc partially reversed the proteinase inhibition by TCs. In vivo, using rats made diabetic with streptozotocin (STZ), oral administration of various TCs led to decreased weight loss and substantial reductions in the activity of both skin collagenase and skin gelatinase (primarily MMP-9, 92 kDa) without affecting blood glucose. Using an in vitro spectrophotometric technique, the Zn(++) reactivity of several CMTs was assessed and found to be positively related to the potency of these compounds as MMP inhibitors. One particular CMT (CMT-5, pyrazole analogue), which is neither antimicrobial nor capable of binding metal cations, did not inhibit the MMPs. TCs have potential utility in management of diabetic complications mediated by excessive activity of MMPs.
Electronic display system using LCD, laser diode, and holography camera (1993)

We have presented the experiments about the cineholography constructed with the many element holograms which were made with cw laser and holographic-TV using LD LCD and holography camera. The interference fringes with holography camera were recorded on the CCD of TV-camera. The fringe signals were transferred into electronic ones. And transformed into the LCD, the fringes were constructed on the one. At this time, with the help of LD, the panel of LCD were illuminated and so hologram was reconstructed in the LCD at real time.
Optical lithography into the millennium: sensitivity to aberrations, vibration, and polarization (2000)

Various factors, such as lens aberrations, system vibration and the choice of illumination polarization can degrade the level of modulation, and hence, image quality. This paper discuses the sensitivity of multiple feature types to these factors. It is shown that aberration sensitivity increases linearly with decreasing resolution, scaled to the Rayleigh criteria. An analysis of the vibration tolerance is done for transverse and axial vibration planes, where the effects on the process window and CD uniformity are measured. The vibration is shown to decrease the process window greater for low contrast images and is shown to scale directly with the resolution. The new millennium will usher in optical system with very high NA lenses for 248nm, 193nm and 157nm. This paper re-examines the role of the polarization on required specifications of the exposure tool optics. It is found that tight polarization specifications with < 10 residual polarization will be needed for future systems.
Cyclic Appearance of Defective Interfering Particles of Herpes Simplex Virus and the Concomitant Accumulation of Early Polypeptide VP175 (1975)

Serial passage of undiluted herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 resulted in cyclic production of infectious and defective virions. Defective virus production was characterized by the appearance of a new species of viral DNA with a higher bouyant density in CsCl than standard viral DNA. Measurement of the infectivity titer and DNA synthesis revealed that the defective particles interfered with the replication of standard virions and stimulated the overproduction of a large molecular weight (175,000 daltons) polypeptide.
Tolerating the Intolerable: The Case of Female Genital Mutilation (2001)

The case of female circumcision (or female genital mutilation - FC/FGM) raises the broader question of what stance the liberal constitutional state should adopt when cultural customs offensive to its citizens are practiced in countries outside its jurisdiction or in minority communities within it. The author argues that one can support international efforts for a global ban on FC/FGM but tolerate the practice in liberal democratic societies.
Screening and identification of<i>vip</i>genes in<i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>strains (2009)

This is the first time that vip1 and vip2 genes have been identified by PCR-RFLP. Furthermore, the results show that the strategy used in this study can lead to the classification of known vip genes as well as the identification of novel vip genes.
Overviews of &ldquo;next-generation sequencing&rdquo; (2015)

Abstract: DNA sequencing technology has a rich diverse history. Over the past several years, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has demonstrated its potential to accelerate research in the field of life sciences in general and forensic sciences in particular. Although the abilities of these new technologies allow cheap and comprehensive analyses within a short time, other important characteristics other than the technologies themselves (such as the quantity and quality of data) are generated. These characteristics present a set of challenges for experimental design, data analysis, and interpretation. Moreover, other improvements are needed to make NGS technology more attractive for routine forensics work. This review aims to shed light on the development and advancements of NGS from both historical and contemporary views. Advantages and limitations of NGS are mentioned and NGS in forensic sciences is summarized. Keywords: next-generation sequencing, NGS, Sanger sequencing, second-generation, third-generation sequencing
High-resolution glycosylation site-engineering method identifies MICA epitope critical for shedding inhibition activity of anti-MICA antibodies. (2019)

As an immune evasion strategy, MICA and MICB, the major histocompatibility complex class I homologs, are proteolytically cleaved from the surface of cancer cells leading to impairment of CD8 + T cell- and natural killer cell-mediated immune responses. Antibodies that inhibit MICA/B shedding from tumors have therapeutic potential, but the optimal epitopes are unknown. Therefore, we developed a high-resolution, high-throughput glycosylation-engineered epitope mapping (GEM) method, which utilizes site-specific insertion of N-linked glycans onto the antigen surface to mask local regions. We apply GEM to the discovery of epitopes important for shedding inhibition of MICA/B and validate the epitopes at the residue level by alanine scanning and X-ray crystallography (Protein Data Bank accession numbers 6DDM (1D5 Fab-MICA*008), 6DDR (13A9 Fab-MICA*008), 6DDV (6E1 Fab-MICA*008). Furthermore, we show that potent inhibition of MICA shedding can be achieved by antibodies that bind GEM epitopes adjacent to previously reported cleavage sites, and that these anti-MICA/B antibodies can prevent tumor growth in vivo.
Three-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network Pruning with Regularization-Based Method (2019)

Despite enjoying extensive applications in video analysis, three-dimensional convolutional neural networks (3D CNNs) are restricted by their massive computation and storage consumption. To solve this problem, we propose a three-dimensional regularization-based neural network pruning method to assign different regularization parameters to different weight groups based on their importance to the network. Further we analyze the redundancy and computation cost for each layer to determine the different pruning ratios. Experiments show that pruning based on our method can lead to 2× theoretical speedup with only 0.41% accuracy loss for 3D-ResNet18 and 3.28% accuracy loss for C3D. The proposed method performs favorably against other popular methods for model compression and acceleration.
A phase IIa study of ABT-263 in patients with relapsed small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). (2010)

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The Date of the Subhṣitvali (1928)

The importance of dates in Sanskrit literature renders it desirable to examine critically the interesting attempt of Dr. S. K. De to upset the accepted view that the Subhṣitvali of Vallabhadeva, by reason of its reference to Jainollbhadna (i.e. Zain ul-bidn, c . 141767), is not to be dated earlier than the second half of the fifteenth century. The piece of evidence on which Dr. Des theory rests has long been before us in the shape of a reference to verse 726 of the Subhṣitvali in the commentary by Vandyaghaṭya Sarvnanda on the Amarakoa , which, according to a note of the present date given in the comment on verse 21 of the klavarga , was written when the aka year 1081 and the Kali year 4260 had expired.