gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessment of colorimetric amplification methods in a paper-based immunoassay for diagnosis of malaria (2016)

Colorimetric detection methods that produce results readable by eye are important for diagnostic tests in resource-limited settings. In this work, we have compared three main types of colorimetric methods - enzymatic reactions, silver deposition catalyzed by gold nanoparticles, and polymerization-based amplification - in a paper-based immunoassay for detection of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2, a biomarker of malarial infection. We kept the binding events in the immunoassay constant in order to isolate the effect of the detection method on the outcome of the test. We have highlighted that the optimal readout time in a test can vary significantly - ranging from immediately after addition of a visualization agent to 25 minutes after addition of a visualization agent - depending on the colorimetric method being used, and accurate time keeping is essential to prevent false positives in methods where substantial color develops over time in negative tests. We have also shown that the choice of a colorimetric method impacts the calculated limit-of-detection, the ease of visual perception of the readout, and the total cost of the assay, and therefore directly impacts the feasibility and the ease-of-use of a test in field settings.
Synthesis of smectic liquid-crystalline polysiloxanes from biphenylcarboxylate esters and their use as stationary phases for high-resolution gas chromatography (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of smectic liquid-crystalline polysiloxanes from biphenylcarboxylate esters and their use as stationary phases for high-resolution gas chromatographyBrian A. Jones, Jerald S. Bradshaw, Masaharu Nishioka, and Milton L. LeeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 25, 4947–4951Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00199a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00199a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views267Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reduction of intraoperative air leaks with Progel in pulmonary resection: a comprehensive review (2013)

Intraoperative alveolar air leaks (IOALs) occur in 75% of patients during pulmonary resection. Despite routine use of sutures and stapling devices, they remain a significant problem in the daily practice of thoracic surgery. Air leaks that persist beyond postoperative day 5 often result in increased costs and complications. Several large meta-analyses have determined that sealants as a class reduce postoperative air leak duration and time to chest drain removal, but these results did not necessarily correlate with a reduction in length of postoperative hospital stay. These analyses grouped surgical sealants together of necessity, but differences in efficacy may exist due to the differing product characteristics, study protocols, surgical procedures, and study endpoints. Progel, currently the only pleural surgical sealant FDA-approved for use in lung resection, has demonstrated efficacy and safety in two controlled clinical studies and superiority over standard air leak closure methods in reducing IOALs and length of hospital stay. This paper will review these findings and report on real-world experience with this recently approved pleural sealant.
Phosphoric Acid Activation of Agricultural Residues and Bagasse from Sugar Cane:  Influence of the Experimental Conditions on Adsorption Characteristics of Activated Carbons (2000)

Activated carbons from two different types of sugar cane wastes, agricultural residues and bagasse, were prepared by phosphoric acid activation varying the carbonization temperature (300−600 °C), the weight ratio of phosphoric acid to precursor (R = 1−2.5), and carbonization time (0−3 h). Surface properties of the resulting carbons were markedly dependent on the precursor and a combined effect of the conditions employed. Bagasse carbons showed higher surface area and pore volume than those from agricultural residues. Maximum surface areas of around 1100 and 780 m2/g were respectively attained. Temperature above 500 °C, impregnation ratio higher than 2, or prolonged carbonization beyond 1 h led to reduction in porosity development. Selected carbons from both wastes with relatively large mean pore radius showed good ability to decolorize a diluted solution of synthetic melanoidin, used as a model of molasses wastewater. Iodine number between 608 and 746 and methylene blue uptake of 213−261 (mg/g) were determined for the selected samples.
Low-Complexity Detection Exploiting Subcarrier Correlation in Multi-Layer STBC OFDM (2006)

We propose a multi-layer space-time block coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (multi-layer STBC OFDM) scheme. It combines the spatial diversity and spatial multiplexing in order to exploit the benefits of both techniques. The transmit antennas are divided into several layers and each layer is encoded by STBC. The antennas transmit OFDM signals in order to deal with frequency-selective fading channels. In addition to exhaustive detection scheme which applies the same detection at each subcarrier independently, we exploit the subcarrier correlation to develop a subcarrier-grouping based detection scheme (SGD scheme). The subcarriers bound into the same group share the same detection parameters, e.g., layer detection order which is obtained at the center subcarrier of that group. This feature can significantly reduce the detection complexity with very small performance loss. The simulation results show that compared with exhaustive detection scheme, the proposed SGD scheme is capable of reducing 36.13% complexity with less than 1.0 dB performance loss for 4times4 system, and reducing 52.44% complexity with about 1.3 dB performance loss for 6times6 system, respectively
One-Pot Synthesized Bicontinuous Hierarchical Li<sub>3</sub>V<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>/C Mesoporous Nanowires for High-Rate and Ultralong-Life Lithium-ion Batteries (2014)

Lithium-ion batteries have attracted enormous attention for large-scale and sustainable energy storage applications. Here we present a design of hierarchical Li3V2(PO4)3/C mesoporous nanowires via one-pot synthesis process. The mesoporous structure is directly in situ carbonized from the surfactants (CTAB and oxalic acid) along with the crystallization of Li3V2(PO4)3 without using any hard templates. As a cathode for lithium-ion battery, the Li3V2(PO4)3/C mesoporous nanowires exhibit outstanding high-rate and ultralong-life performance with capacity retention of 80.0% after 3000 cycles at 5 C in 3-4.3 V. Even at 10 C, it still delivers 88.0% of its theoretical capacity. The ability to provide this level of performance is attributed to the hierarchical mesoporous nanowires with bicontinuous electron/ion pathways, large electrode-electrolyte contact area, low charge transfer resistance, and robust structure stability upon prolonged cycling. Our work demonstrates that the unique mesoporous nanowires structure is favorable for improving the cyclability and rate capability in energy storage applications.
Pulse thermography applied on a complex structure sample: comparison and analysis of numerical and experimental results (2007)

The purpose of this work was to determine the possibility of modeling complex structure samples inspected by infrared thermography, as well as the possibility of identifying the defect characteristics, such as the defect type, using the results obtained. The paper presents the analysis of results obtained by pulse thermography experiments on a complex structure sample containing defects. The sample consists of two different honeycomb panels as a core between two graphite-epoxy layers joined with appropriate specified adhesive. Each of the two sample parts contains the same number of defects of different type, size and depth. A pulse thermography experiment was conducted and the results were recorded by high resolution infrared camera as presented in the article. The images obtained were processed so as to enhance the defect visibility. Once the location of the defects was determined, surface temperature evolution curves were extracted above each of the defects as well as in non-defective regions. These curves were used afterwards for numerical model evaluation. As mentioned, the numerical model of the tested sample was made in order to simulate the behavior of the sample under inspection. COMSOL software based on Finite Element Method (FEM) was used to make a 3D model of transient heat transfer. In a similar way as for the results obtained experimentally, the surface temperature evolution curves were extracted from the results of the simulation. Since many of the model parameters were not precisely known (power density of the heat source used in experiment, convective heat transfer coefficients, sample surface emissivity...), they were adjusted to obtain the results of numerical simulation as close as possible to those obtained experimentally. Nevertheless, all of the parameter values determined in such a way were within the range of the expected values. In general, the behavior of the temperature evolution curves obtained numerically fit the experimental results. Some difficulties in comparison aroused as the nonuniform heating was present in the experiment while the model assumed a uniform heating lamp power density distribution over the whole sample surface. This required a careful choice of the reference defect-free regions that was made for each of the defects separately in the recorded thermograms. A difference in behavior obtained experimentally and numerically was observed for only one of the defects. The comparisons performed in this paper enable us to have confidence in the developed model and thus to evaluate, through modelling, the potential performance of infrared thermography on similar specimens.
Endoscopic Lung Volume Reduction (2009)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a category of diseases characterized by chronic airflow obstruction and hyperinflation. The GOLD committee and the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society have published detailed, evidence-based reviews of management approaches, providing stepped-care algorithms for pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapy. Over the past several decades, much effort was spent in designing additional nonpharmacologic approaches to ameliorate symptoms in these patients. Three endoscopic lung volume reduction principles have shown promise and reached later-stage clinical trials in patients with heterogeneous emphysematous diseases. These include so-called blocking devices (valves), nonblocking devices (coils) and irreversible nonblocking techniques (bronchoscopic thermal vapor ablation, polymeric lung volume reduction) designed to collapse and remodel hyperinflated lung. For homogeneous diseases the formation of airway bypass tracts designed to facilitate emptying of damaged lung regions with long expiratory times is being investigated.
Powder Injection Moulding (PIM) of Mesophase Carbon with Water-Based Binders (2006)

Since there are no net-shape techniques for complex parts made of mesophase carbon available yet, this work focuses on a powder injection moulding (PIM) approach. The single biggest problem to overcome here is the overlap of debindering and pyrolysis/sintering of mesocarbon when using conventional binders, causing high porosity and cracks. Water-based binders with agar as gelling agent can avoid this problem effectively by removing the binder in an optimized drying step. The subsequent sintering can then be carried out at high heating rates, leading to better densification and good mechanical properties. Furthermore, the dependency of the rheological properties of the water-based feedstock on its water content is investigated.
The HLA A1‐B8 haplotype extends 6 Mb beyond HLA‐A: associations between HLA‐A, B, F and 15 microsatellite markers (1997)

Allele frequencies for HLA‐A, B and F and 15 microsatellite markers located from 100 kb telomeric to HLA‐A to 6 Mb telomeric have been determined in a group of 60 blood donors. Linkage disequilibrium analysis revealed significant haplotype associations even after correction for the number of comparisons made. The HLA‐A1, B8 haplotype extends as far as D6S276 (6.0 Mb telomeric to HLA‐A). It is important to realize that this common haplotype extends beyond the HLA region, especially when evaluating haplotype associations with particular disorders.
Disease-modifying drug initiation patterns in commercially insured multiple sclerosis patients: a retrospective cohort study (2011)

Nearly 60% of newly-diagnosed MS patients in this commercial managed care population remained untreated while over a quarter of treated patients stopped therapy and one-sixth experienced treatment gaps despite the risk of disease progression or a return of pre-treatment disease activity.
Comparing physisorption and chemisorption solid sorbents for use separating CO2 from flue gas using temperature swing adsorption (2011)

We have examined the capture of carbon dioxide from flue gas by adsorption on solid sorbents using an equilibrium model for a packed bed temperature swing adsorption (TSA) process for a wide range of sorbents. This model determines the working capacity of the sorbent by looking at the difference between the equilibrium adsorbed concentrations at the adsorption and desorption conditions, and uses the sensible and latent heating requirements to determine the minimum energy usage. Using the results of this model, a class of sorbents can be constructed that have nearly identical physical properties but variable heats of adsorption for carbon dioxide to mimic different adsorption mechanisms. Parametric studies are run to determine the calculated minimum energy requirements per ton of carbon dioxide captured for this class of sorbents and a global minimum is found. This paper also discusses the effect of heat of adsorption on adsorption isotherms and what isotherm shapes are most beneficial for minimizing energy usage in carbon capture.
Something new in power technology (1993)

The use of compressed-air energy storage (CAES), in which off-peak electricity is used to compress air and store it in a cavern underground, is described. To supply electricity during peak load, the compressed air is released to a combuster where it mixes with oil or gas. The operation of the 110-MW McIntosh plant of the Alabama Electric Cooperative is explained. The fact that three-fourths of the area of the US contains potential sites for CAES power plants, together with the excellent performance of the McIntosh plant, makes CAES a leading candidate for energy storage in the future.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
System Deadlocks (1971)

A problem of increasing importance in the design of large multiprogramming systems is the, so-called, deadlock or deadly-embrace problem. In this article we survey the work that has been done on the treatment of deadlocks from both the theoretical and practical points of view.
Reviewing two multimedia presentation (quasi-) standards (2002)

We compare the BERKOM globally accessible services project (GLASS) with the well-known World-Wide Web with respect to the ease of development, realization, and distribution of multimedia presentations. This comparison is based on the experiences we gained when implementing a gateway between GLASS and the World-Wide Web. Since both systems are shown to have obvious weaknesses, we conclude this paper with a presentation of a better way for multimedia document engineering and distribution. This concept is based on a well-accepted approach to function-shipping in the Internet: the Java language, permitting for example a smooth integration of GLASS' MHEG objects and WWW HTML pages within one common environment.
Control of noise by means of damping materials (1983)

Although damping materials were initially investigated to increase the fatigue life of structures, their use as a means for controlling the noise level of structures has been increasing in recent years. This is partly due to the increasing availability of good damping materials along with well established design procedures for damping treatments. This coupled with the fact that whenever the damping approach is considered as an alternative one to those of enclosures or barriers, it is usually found to be a more cost effective one at a lower weight penalty. The various types of damping treatment, including constrained and unconstrained layered ones, will be described, along with their advantages and limitations. Overall design procedures for each type of damping treatment will also be given. The emphasis will be placed on knowing not only the properties of the damping material in terms of its environment but also on the dynamic properties of the structure to which the damping treatment is to be applied. From this information, the damping response of the structure can be predicted so that the expected vibration and/or noise reduction can then be established. Specific examples on the application of the damping technology in various industries, including aerospace, printing machines, machine tools, and engine components, will conclude the paper.
Nanoreactors based on (polymerized) ABA-triblock copolymer vesicles (2000)

A new kind of nanoreactor has been prepared by the incorporation of a channel protein into the shell of (polymerized) vesicles formed from an amphiphilic ABA-triblock copolymer.
Hybrids of pluripotent and nullipotent human embryonal carcinoma cells: Partial retention of a pluripotent phenotype (2001)

To investigate whether the failure of human EC cells that do not differentiate is due to the loss of key differentiation-permissive functions or the acquisition of specific inhibitory functions, we tested the ability to differentiate of 2 hybrids produced between a relatively nullipotent human EC cell line, 2102Ep, and a pluripotent human EC cell line NTERA2. Both hybrids, which exhibited an EC phenotype, were able to differentiate readily in response to retinoic acid. Furthermore, 1 hybrid produced a well-differentiated xenograft tumor, which contained, like the NTERA2 tumors, glandular structures, loose mesenchymal tissues and nodules of cartilage, after injection into a SCID mouse. Thus, the failure of 2102Ep EC cells to differentiate is recessive and due to the loss of a key gene function or functions. Nevertheless, the hybrids differed from the pluripotent NTERA2 line by failing to differentiate in neurons, indicating that 2102Ep cells also had acquired a specific, dominantly-acting, inhibitory mutation specific to the neural lineage. Furthermore, the expression of collagen II by one hybrid before and after induction with retinoic suggested a propensity for spontaneous differentiation not evident in the parental NTERA2 cells. Thus, the mechanisms that restrict the differentiation capacity of the nullipotent 2102Ep line are complex and include both recessive and dominant acting factors.
Characterization of Polyether and Polyester Polyurethane Soft Blocks Using MALDI Mass Spectrometry (2000)

Selective degradation reactions combined with MALDI analysis have been applied for molecular weight (MW) determination of polyether and polyester polyurethane (PUR) soft blocks. Selective degradation allows recovery of the polyols, and direct observation of the soft block oligomer distribution is possible for the first time by using MALDI. Ethanolamine is applied for polyether PUR degradation. MALDI analysis indicates that the recovered polytetrahydrofuran (pTHF) MW distribution is nearly identical to the unreacted pTHF material. Reduction in the ethanolamine reaction time allows observation of oligomer ions containing the diisocyanate linkage, which provide identification of the diisocyanate. Ethanolamine is not used for polyester PUR's degradation because the ester bonds will be cleaved. Therefore, phenylisocyanate is applied for polyester PUR degradation. Polybutylene adipate (pBA) oligomers were directly observed in the MALDI spectra of the degraded pBA-PUR samples. Comparison of the degraded pBA-PUR oligomer distribution with the unreacted pBA material indicates that low-mass oligomers are less abundant in the degraded pBA-PURs. Oligomer ions containing the diisocyanate linkage are also observed in the spectrum, providing a means for identifying the diisocyanate used for PUR syntheses. Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) was combined with MALDI to provide accurate MW determination. Narrow MW fractions of the degraded and unreacted polyols were collected and analyzed by MALDI. This method allows precise calibration of the SEC chromatogram. The SEC-MALDI results provide significantly larger Mw and PD values than MALDI alone. Using SEC-MALDI, it was determined that the PD indexes of the pTHF and pBA samples are larger than the assumed values, which are based on the polyol synthesis reactions. The combination of selective degradation with SEC-MALDI, using either ethanolamine or phenylisocyanate, is a viable method for polyurethane polyol characterization.