gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, Clinical Significance, and Straln Specificity of Neutralizing Antibody to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (1987)

A semiautomated microtiter assay has been developed to quantitate neutralizing antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus. This assay has been found to be highly specific. Forty-four sera that were negative by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were tested under code: 42 were negative (less than 1:2), and 2 had titers of 1:2. By contrast, of 178 sera positive by western blot, 92.7% had detectable neutralizing antibody, and 12.5% had titers greater than or equal to 1:128. Neutralizing antibody titers correlated poorly with clinical diagnosis and T4/T8 ratios. Different isolates differed quantitatively in their sensitivity to neutralization by antibodies obtained from different patients; however, all strains tested so far have been neutralizable by all the sera tested. Neutralizing antibody titers correlated weakly, if at all, with direct or competition ELISA titers.
Optimizing Cell Permeation of an Antibiotic Resistance Inhibitor for Improved Efficacy (2007)

Benzo[b]thiophene-2-ylboronic acid, 1, is a 27 nM inhibitor of the class C beta-lactamase AmpC and potentiates the activity of beta-lactam antibiotics in bacteria that express this and related enzymes. As is often true, the potency of compound 1 against the enzymes is much attenuated in cell culture against Gram negative bacteria, where the minimum inhibitor concentration of compound 1 is in the mid-micromolar range. Here, we modulated the properties of this lead to enhance its ability to cross the membrane, using a combination of X-ray crystallography, structure-based design, and application of physical models of outer membrane crossing. This strategy led us to derivatives with substantially improved permeability. Also, the greater solubility of these compounds allowed us to measure their efficacy at higher concentrations than with the lead 1, leading to higher maximum potentiation of the antibiotic effect of ceftazidime on resistant bacteria.
Space charge distribution measurement in a long size XLPE cable using the pulsed electroacoustic method (2003)

The authors describe a space charge measurement technique for a long XLPE cable specimen. The length of the cable specimen has been limited in conventional methods, because of the problem of pulse propagation through the cable. The problem was overcome by using the pulsed electroacoustic method, and also by applying the pulse voltage at the outer shield where the piezoelectric device was fixed. A preliminary experiment carried out using a 3.2-mm-thick XLPE cable confirmed the validity of the method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Introduction to React (2015)

Introduction to ReactÂ teaches you React, the JavaScript framework created by developers at Facebook, to solve the problem of building complex user interfaces in a consistent and maintainable way. React.js shrugs away common front-end conventions in an effort to make things more efficient - useÂ Introduction to ReactÂ to learn about this framework and more today. Get to know the React API and itâs specific JavaScript extension, JSX, which makes authoring React components easier and maintainable. You will also learn how to test your React applications and about the tools you can use while building. Once you understand these core concepts, you can build applications with React. This will help you cement the ideas and fundamentals of React and prepare you to utilize React in your own use cas e. See how to: use React to maintain complex user interfaces in an efficient way integrate existing user interfaces and move forward with React manage application architecture using Flux easily utilize JSX, React's JavaScript extension.
Synthese von Hetaryl-pyridiniumsalzen und kondensierten 3-Amino-pyrid-2-onen (2000)

1-(3-Coumaryl)-pyridinium salts 3 and 1-(3-coumaryl)-tetrahydrothiophenium salts 5 were synthesized from 2-acylphenyl chloro- or bromoacetates 2. 2-Chloro-N1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-acetamide and substituted 2-chloro-N1-(2-thienyl)-acetamides 8 react with acetyl chloride and pyridine to yield the quinolinyl- and (thieno[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)-pyridinium salts 10. Fused thieno[2,3-b]pyridin-ones 19 were formed from N-chloroacetyl-2-aminothiophen-3-carbonitriles 16 with pyridine via Thorpe-Ziegler cyclization and followed by cyclodehydrogenation. In presence of pyridine alkyl 2-chloro-acetylaminobenzoates 21 yield 3-(1-pyridinio)-quinoline-4-olates 23. Zincke-cleavage of 10 and 23 with hydrazinium hydroxide leads to fused 3-amino-pyridine-2-ones 11 and 3-amino-4-hydroxy-quinoline-2-ones 24, respectively. Oxazoloquinolines 25 were synthesized from 24 with acetic anhydride.
Gyrostabilizer Vehicular Technology (2011)

This paper examines the current state of gyrostabilizer vehicular technology. With no previous description of the wide range and variety of gyrostabilizer technology, this paper provides a review of the current state of the art. This includes a detailed examination of gyrostabilizer vehicular systems, dynamics and control. The present review first describes the historical development of gyroscopic systems before going on to describe the various system characteristics, including an overview of gyrostabilizer vehicular applications and system designs for land, sea and spacecraft. The equations of motion for generic gyroscopic systems are derived following momentum (Newton-Euler) and energy (Lagrange) based approaches and examples provided. The derivations are made generically for individual components, enabling direct application for a wide variety of systems. In the final section, a review of gyrostabilizer control strategies is presented and the remaining challenges are discussed. Gyrostabilizer systems are anticipated to become more widely adopted as they provide an effective means of motion control with several significant advantages for land, sea and spacecraft. (101 references).
A slacker coherence protocol for pull-based monitoring of on-line data sources (2003)

An increasing number of online applications operate on data from disparate, and often wide-spread, data sources. This paper studies the design of a system for the automated monitoring of on-line data sources. In this system a number of ad-hoc data warehouses, which maintain client-specified views, are interposed between clients and data sources. We present a model of coherence, referred to here as slacker coherence, to address the freshness problem in the context of pull-based protocols. We experimentally examine various techniques for estimating update rates and polling adaptively. We also look at the impact on the coherence model performance of the request scheduling algorithm at the source.
Die Möglichkeiten genauer Rißtiefenmessungen / Possibilities of exact crack-depth measurement / Possibilites de mesurer exactement la profondeur de criques (1961)

Article Die Möglichkeiten genauer Rißtiefenmessungen / Possibilities of exact crack-depth measurement / Possibilites de mesurer exactement la profondeur de criques was published on June 1, 1961 in the journal Materials Testing (volume 3, issue 6).
Real-Time Visualization of Diffusion-Controlled Nanowire Growth in Solution (2014)

This Letter shows that copper nanowires grow through the diffusion-controlled reduction of dihydroxycopper(I), Cu(OH)2(-). A combination of potentiostatic coulometry, UV-visible spectroscopy, and thermodynamic calculations was used to determine the species adding to growing Cu nanowires is Cu(OH)2(-). Cyclic voltammetry was then used to measure the diffusion coefficient of Cu(OH)2(-) in the reaction solution. Given the diameter of a Cu nanowire and the diffusion coefficient of Cu(OH)2(-), we calculated the dependence of the diffusion-limited growth rate on the concentration of copper ions to be 26 nm s(-1) mM(-1). Independent measurements of the nanowire growth rate with dark-field optical microscopy yielded 24 nm s(-1) mM(-1) for the growth rate dependence on the concentration of copper. Dependence of the nanowire growth rate on temperature yielded a low activation energy of 11.5 kJ mol(-1), consistent with diffusion-limited growth.
Phenylalanyl‐tRNA synthetase from <i>Thermus thermophilus</i> can attach two molecules of phenylalanine to tRNA<sup>Phe</sup> (1992)

Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase from the extreme thermophilic bacterium Thermus thermophilus can incorporate more than one molecule of phenylalanine into the tRNA(Phe). It is shown that the 'hyperaminoacylated' tRNA(Phe) is the bis-2',3'-O-phenylalanyl-tRNA(Phe), and its formation is typical for the thermophilic enzyme but does not occur for E. coli phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase under the same conditions.
Surface measurements with 300′ Steel tapes (1954)

Abstract 1. Catenary Measurements. A great deal has been written round precise catenary measurements of distance—still an essential process for certain survey control.
Effect of Biofouling on the Performance of Amidoxime-Based Polymeric Uranium Adsorbents (2016)

The Marine Science Laboratory at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory evaluated the impact of biofouling on the performance or uranium adsorbents. A surface-modified polyethylene adsorbent fiber provided by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, AF adsorbent, was tested in either the presence or absence of light to simulate deployment in shallow or deep marine environments. Samples of the adsorbent fiber were exposed to seawater as loose fibers packed with glass beads in columns and as >10-cm-long braids of fiber placed in a flume that provided a continuous flow representative of natural ocean currents. Exposure tests (42 days) in column and flume settings showed that biofouling resulted in decreased uranium uptake by the adsorbent fiber. Uranium uptake was reduced by up to 30%, in the presence of simulated sunlight, which also increased biomass accumulation and altered the microbial community composition on the fibers. These results suggest that deployment below the photic zone would mitigate the effects of biofouling, resulting in greater yields of uranium extracted from seawater.
Enhancement of the reflectivity of multilayer x-ray mirrors by ion polishing (1990)

The performance of multilayer x-ray mirrors is improved by smoothing the boundaries within the multilayer stack with ion bombardment at grazing angles of incidence. The process is applied to Co-C and to RhRu-C mirrors for normal incidence telescopes at X = 63.5and 114 A, and the reflectivity is increased by a factor of 2 in both cases. Accumulation of roughness during deposition is eliminated. An estimate ofthe presently achievable reflectivity for normal incidence mirrors in the X = 44 to 1 20 A wavelength range is given.
Homography estimation from correspondences of local elliptical features (2012)

We propose a novel unified approach for homography estimation from two or more correspondences of local elliptical features. The method finds a homography defined by first-order Taylor expansions at two (or more) points. The approximations are affine transformations that are constrained by the ellipse-to-ellipse correspondences. Unlike methods based on projective invariants of conics, the proposed method generates only a single homography model per pair of ellipse correspondences. We show experimentally, that the proposed method generates models of precision comparable or better than the state-of-the-art at lower computational costs.
Candida auris: Disinfectants and Implications for Infection Control (2018)

<i>Candida auris</i> is a rapidly emerging pathogen and is able to cause severe infections with high mortality rates. It is frequently misidentified in most clinical laboratories, thus requiring more specialized identification techniques. Furthermore, several clinical isolates have been found to be multidrug resistant and there is evidence of nosocomial transmission in outbreak fashion. Appropriate infection control measures will play a major role in controlling the management and spread of this pathogen. Unfortunately, there are very few data available on the effectiveness of disinfectants against <i>C. auris</i>. Chlorine-based products appear to be the most effective for environmental surface disinfection. Other disinfectants, although less effective than chlorine-based products, may have a role as adjunctive disinfectants. A cleaning protocol will also need to be established as the use of disinfectants alone may not be sufficient for maximal decontamination of patient care areas. Furthermore, there are fewer data on the effectiveness of antiseptics against <i>C. auris</i> for patient decolonization and hand hygiene for healthcare personnel. Chlorhexidine gluconate has shown some efficacy in <i>in vitro</i> studies but there are reports of patients with persistent colonization despite twice daily body washes with this disinfectant. Hand hygiene using soap and water, with or without chlorhexidine gluconate, may require the subsequent use of alcohol-based hand sanitizer for maximal disinfection. Further studies will be needed to validate the currently studied disinfectants for use in real-world settings.
Failure of anterior cruciate-ligament reconstruction using tendon xenograft. (1987)

From January 1981 to September 1983 forty knees had replacement of a torn anterior cruciate ligament with a tendon xenograft. In six of the first thirty knees that were operated on severe synovitis developed within eight months after the operation, and total synovectomy and removal of the graft was required. Because of this complication we changed the recommended rinsing procedure for the graft in the last ten knees, and no synovitis occurred in these. Approximately half of all of the grafts ruptured between twelve and twenty months after the operation.
Hypertext marcup: A conceptualization for encoding, de‐constructing, searching, retrieving, and using traditional knowledge tools (1995)

During 1994, Pierian Press began experimenting with the integration of the concepts and respective strengths of both Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) and MARC. These experiments were driven by pragmatism and self‐interest. Pierian Press publishes classified, analytical bibliographies—classical knowledge constructs—which the press and its authors would like to make available for loading on local library systems so that they can function as “maps” unto that subset of literature the respective bibliographies encompass.
The Development and Problem on Research of the Organizational Form of Teaching (2003)

教学组织形式是教学论中的一个重要问题 ,教学组织形式的总体发展上看是从古代的个别教学到近现代的班级教学制 ,在这条主线的基础上呈现出多样化的发展格局。近年来对教学组织形式的研究主要是围绕以下问题进行的 :对班级教学制应有地位的研究 ;对课的类型和结构的研究 ;对师生组合方式的研究 ;对时空组合方式的研究以及中外教学组织形式的比较研究
<i>Arabidopsis</i>PEN3/PDR8, an ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Contributes to Nonhost Resistance to Inappropriate Pathogens That Enter by Direct Penetration (2006)

Arabidopsis thaliana is a host to the powdery mildew Erysiphe cichoracearum and nonhost to Blumeria graminis f. sp hordei, the powdery mildew pathogenic on barley (Hordeum vulgare). Screening for Arabidopsis mutants deficient in resistance to barley powdery mildew identified PENETRATION3 (PEN3). pen3 plants permitted both increased invasion into epidermal cells and initiation of hyphae by B. g. hordei, suggesting that PEN3 contributes to defenses at the cell wall and intracellularly. pen3 mutants were compromised in resistance to the necrotroph Plectosphaerella cucumerina and to two additional inappropriate biotrophs, pea powdery mildew (Erysiphe pisi) and potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans). Unexpectedly, pen3 mutants were resistant to E. cichoracearum. This resistance was salicylic acid-dependent and correlated with chlorotic patches. Consistent with this observation, salicylic acid pathway genes were hyperinduced in pen3 relative to the wild type. The phenotypes conferred by pen3 result from the loss of function of PLEIOTROPIC DRUG RESISTANCE8 (PDR8), a highly expressed putative ATP binding cassette transporter. PEN3/PDR8 tagged with green fluorescent protein localized to the plasma membrane in uninfected cells. In infected leaves, the protein concentrated at infection sites. PEN3/PDR8 may be involved in exporting toxic materials to attempted invasion sites, and intracellular accumulation of these toxins in pen3 may secondarily activate the salicylic acid pathway.
Effects of Chronic Oral Administration of Isosorbide Dinitrate on In Vitro Contractility of Rat Arterial Smooth Muscle (1996)

In this study, we examined the effects of in vitro and in vivo treatment with isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) on the in vitro response of isolated rat aorta. The in vitro treatment of isolated aorta with ISDN (100 microM) for 2 hr had no effect on the ISDN-induced relaxation of norepinephrine-induced contraction. In the aorta isolated from the rats treated with a high dose (90 mg/kg) of ISDN for 7-14 days, in contrast, the relaxant effect of ISDN was significantly reduced. However, the relaxant effect of sodium nitroprusside was only slightly attenuated by the treatment with a high dose of ISDN for 14 days; and the relaxant effects of 8-bromo-cGMP, levcromakalim and verapamil were unchanged. These results suggest that tolerance to ISDN was obtained only after the in vivo chronic treatment with a high dose of ISDN. ISDN may desensitize the nitric oxide-generating step rather than inactivate guanylate cyclase or the downstream pathways.
Low interface trap density for remote plasma deposited SiO2 on <i>n</i>-type GaN (1996)

Metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors were prepared with remote plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of SiO2 at ∼300 °C on an n-type GaN epitaxial layer grown by atmospheric pressure metalorganic chemical-vapor deposition on a sapphire substrate. No hysteresis was observed in the high-frequency capacitance-voltage (C−V) measurements, and the measured C−V curve agreed with the C−V behavior calculated for an ideal oxide with the same flat-band voltage as the measured C–V curve. The absence of hysteresis and stretchout in the measured C–V curve and the increase of capacitance with incident ultraviolet light while in deep depletion suggest a low concentration of interface traps. These results demonstrate previous predictions of the absence of Fermi-level stabilization at the interface for the ionic crystal GaN.
Reduced gray matter volume of dorsal cingulate cortex in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder: A voxel‐based morphometric study (2010)

Regional gray matter alteration in the dorsal cingulate cortex, which is suggested to play a role in non-emotional cognitive processes, may be related to the pathophysiology in OCD.
Morphometry of the small pulmonary arteries in man. (1978)

From a resin cast of a normal pulmonary arterial tree, the diameter, length, and number of branches in each order were determined for arteries from 25 to 300 micrometer in diameter. Histological sections 120-micrometer thick were cut from a normal human lung in which the pulmonary artery had been injected with a mixture of ink and gelatin. Similar measurements were made on arteries from 10 to 70 micrometer in diameter, and the mode of origin of the capillaries was studied. The data thus obtained were found to correspond reasonably well to values previously estimated by extrapolation from data for arteries of 100 micrometer or more in diameter. The branching rules apply down to arteries of about 10-15 micrometer in diameter, the estimated number of which is 73 million. Distal to these vessels, capillaries arise either directly from small arteries or indirectly via precapillaries which are given off in great numbers and diverse patterns from the small arteries
Effects of Heating Temperature and Duration by Gold Nanorod Mediated Plasmonic Photothermal Therapy on Copolymer Accumulation in Tumor Tissue (2015)

Previously, water-soluble N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers have been used with gold nanorod (GNR) mediated plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT) to induce hyperthermia (43 °C for 10 min) and have been shown to improve delivery of hydrophobic drugs to treat cancer. However, it was unknown how altering the heating parameters (temperature and duration) of PPTT would affect HPMA copolymer accumulation and retention. This study aimed to investigate how changes in heating parameters, or thermal dose, would change polymer accumulation profiles with PPTT. It was observed that temperatures of either 40, 43, 46, or 49 °C at durations of 10 or 30 min had significant effects on HPMA copolymer accumulation. Mild temperatures led to transient enhancement in accumulation, but more severe temperatures led to tissue and vascular damage, creating slowed dynamics of inflow and outflow of the polymers from the tumor tissue.
Derivation of a test statistic for emphysema quantification (2016)

Density masking is the de-facto quantitative imaging phenotype for emphysema that is widely used by the clinical community. Density masking defines the burden of emphysema by a fixed threshold, usually between -910 HU and -950 HU, that has been experimentally validated with histology. In this work, we formalized emphysema quantification by means of statistical inference. We show that a non-central Gamma is a good approximation for the local distribution of image intensities for normal and emphysema tissue. We then propose a test statistic in terms of the sample mean of a truncated non-central Gamma random variable. Our results show that this approach is well-suited for the detection of emphysema and superior to standard density masking. The statistical method was tested in a dataset of 1337 samples obtained from 9 different scanner models in subjects with COPD. Results showed an increase of 17% when compared to the density masking approach, and an overall accuracy of 94.09%.
Mobile and Wireless Communications Network Layer and Circuit Level Design (2010)

Mobile and wireless communications applications have a clear impact on improving the humanity wellbeing. From cell phones to wireless internet to home and office devices, most of the applications are converted from wired into wireless communication. Smart and advanced wireless communication environments represent the future technology and evolutionary development step in homes, hospitals, industrial, vehicular and transportation systems. A very appealing research area in these environments has been the wireless ad hoc, sensor and mesh networks. These networks rely on ultra low powered processing nodes that sense surrounding environment temperature, pressure, humidity, motion or chemical hazards, etc. Moreover, the radio frequency (RF) transceiver nodes of such networks require the design of transmitter and receiver equipped with high performance building blocks including antennas, power and low noise amplifiers, mixers and voltage controlled oscillators. Nowadays, the researchers are facing several challenges to design such building blocks while complying with ultra low power consumption, small area and high performance constraints. CMOS technology represents an excellent candidate to facilitate the integration of the whole transceiver on a single chip. However, several challenges have to be tackled while designing and using nanoscale CMOS technologies and require innovative idea from researchers and circuits designers. While major researchers and applications have been focusing on RF wireless communication, optical wireless communication based system has started to draw some attention from researchers for a terrestrial system as well as for aerial and satellite terminals. This renewed interested in optical wireless communications is driven by several advantages such as no licensing requirements policy, no RF radiation hazards, and no need to dig up roads besides its large bandwidth and low power consumption. This second part of the book, Mobile and Wireless Communications: Key Technologies and Future Applications, covers the recent development in ad hoc and sensor networks, the implementation of state of the art of wireless transceivers building blocks and recent development on optical wireless communication systems. We hope that this book will be useful for students, researchers and practitioners in their research studies.