gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Re-INVITE and Target-Refresh Request Handling in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) (2011)

The procedures for handling SIP re-INVITEs are described in RFC 3261.Implementation and deployment experience has uncovered a number of issues with the original documentation, and this document provides additional procedures that update the original specification to address those issues.In particular, this document defines in which situations a UAS (User Agent Server) should generate a success response and in which situations a UAS should generate an error response to a re-INVITE.Additionally, this document defines further details of procedures related to target-refresh requests.
A cross-layer key management scheme in Ad hoc network (2010)

Wireless Ad hoc network is vulnerable to various security threats and key management is one important means to solve security problems of Ad hoc network. But the higher the security of key management mechanisms, the easier to consume more energy and network resources. An cross-layer key management model is proposed to resolve the questions due to the shortage of network resources and energy, both think of network security and network performance factors. The constraint conditions of each layer include providing the network performance parameters, network security and network requirements. On the basis of this model, a cross-layer key management scheme is given based on threshold cryptography. In key update process of the scheme, the function of each layer involved in the update was clearly. The algorithms and the exchange of the node to authenticate the complexity may be caused by a decline in network, the network performance would ultimately lead to failure of the key updates or updated key information in an accurate Transmission of information that exist in the high bit error rates. Scheme analysis shows that the scheme is suitable for wireless Ad hoc network.
Influence of Manufacturing Parameters and Temperature on the Radiation Sensitivity of Fiber Bragg Gratings (2010)

For the first time the radiation sensitivity of Bragg gratings was investigated as a function of hydrogen loading pressure before and fiber tension during grating inscription, of the recoating procedure, and of the grating temperature. At -50°C the radiation-induced Bragg wavelength shift was about two times higher than at room temperature. This should be considered when selecting Bragg gratings e.g., for certain space applications.
Optimization of a Pneumatic Balloon Tactile Display for Robot-Assisted Surgery Based on Human Perception (2008)

Robot-assisted surgery is characterized by a total loss of haptic feedback, requiring surgeons to rely solely on visual cues. A compact, flexible, and lightweight pneumatic balloon tactile display has been developed suitable for mounting on robotic surgical master controls. The tactile display consists of a molded polydimethylsiloxane substrate with cylindrical channels and a spin-coated silicone film that forms the array of balloons. Human perceptual studies were conducted to determine the optimal diameter, spatial resolution, and temporal resolution of the balloon actuator design. A balloon diameter of 3.0 mm provided the highest average accuracy ( >or= 95%) while offering five detectable inflation levels. Spatial accuracy in a two-actuator discrimination task reached 100% with 1.5 mm edge-to-edge spacing, and the accuracy of determining the order of two successive stimuli was greater than 90% when the time separation was 100 ms. Design optimization based on the results from this study enables the described tactile display to provide the effective tactile feedback that is otherwise unavailable during robotic surgery.
Thailand -- Tourism and Conflict: Modeling Sentiment from Twitter Tweets Using Na&#x0EF;ve Bayes and Unsupervised Artificial Neural Nets (2010)

In this paper we mine over 80 million twitter micro logs in order to explore whether data from this social media initiative can be used to identify sentiment about tourism and Thailand amid the unrest in that country during the early part of 2010 and further whether analysis of tweets can be used to discern the effect of that unrest on Phuket's tourism environment. It is proposed that this analysis can provide measurable insights through summarization, keyword analysis and clustering. We measure sentiment using a binary choice keyword algorithm. A multi-knowledge based approach is proposed using, Self-Organizing Maps along with sentiment polarity in order to model sentiment. We develop a visual model to express a sentiment concept vocabulary and then apply this model to maximums and minimums in the time series sentiment data. The results show actionable knowledge can be extracted in real time.
Anthrax Toxin Protective Antigen Variants That Selectively Utilize either the CMG2 or TEM8 Receptors for Cellular Uptake and Tumor Targeting (2016)

The protective antigen (PA) moiety of anthrax toxin binds to cellular receptors and mediates the translocation of the two enzymatic moieties of the toxin to the cytosol. Two PA receptors are known, with capillary morphogenesis protein 2 (CMG2) being the more important for pathogenesis and tumor endothelial marker 8 (TEM8) playing a minor role. The C-terminal PA domain 4 (PAD4) has extensive interactions with the receptors and is required for binding. Our previous study identified PAD4 variants having enhanced TEM8 binding specificity. To obtain PA variants that selectively bind to CMG2, here we performed phage display selections using magnetic beads having bound CMG2. We found that PA residue isoleucine 656 plays a critical role in PA binding to TEM8 but has a much lesser effect on PA binding to CMG2. We further characterized the role of residue 656 in distinguishing PA binding to CMG2 versus TEM8 by substituting it with the other 19 amino acids. Of the resulting variants, PA I656Q and PA I656V had significantly reduced activity on TEM8-expressing CHO cells but maintained their activity on CMG2-expressing CHO cells. The preference of these PA mutants for CMG2 over TEM8 was further demonstrated using mouse embryonic fibroblast cells and mice deficient in the CMG2 and/or the TEM8 receptors. The structural basis of the alterations in the receptor binding activities of these mutants is also discussed.
A conceptual data scheme for integrated maintenance: A map to design maintainable AMS (2002)

The maintenance of large automated manufacturing systems (AMSs) requires the integration of various maintenance tools. Results of a research project concerning data exchanges between design tools and maintenance tools (GAMA project: Genie Automatique pour la Maintenance) are presented. A complete prenormative conceptual data schema for integrated maintenance of AMSs is developed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparative studies of sucrose and mannitol utilization in celery (<i>Apium graveolens</i>) (1987)

Utilization of sucrose and mannitol, the major forms of translocatable assimilate in celery ( Apium graveolens L. cv. Giant Pascal), was investigated in intact plants, excised leaves and leaf discs by estimating the soluble carbohydrate pools, starch levels and oxidation of [ 14 C]‐sucrose or mannitol in the light and after extended dark treatments. In detached mature fully‐expanded leaves, mannitol pools remained constant, while sucrose decreased during a 48 h dark treatment. In attached leaves on plants trimmed to a single compound leaf, however, mannitol levels decreased after a dark treatment. In leaf discs floated on bathing solutions containing [ 14 C]‐sucrose or [ 14 C]‐mannitol, oxidation of mannitol was restricted to young leaf tissues, whereas sucrose was metabolized to CO 2 regardless of leaf age. Uptake of labelled mannitol, however, was greater than that of sucrose in the light in leaves of every age. Although both mannitol and sucrose are translocated out of leaf tissues, leaf age differences indicate that, unlike sucrose, mannitol utilization is restricted to active sink tissues. The results suggest different roles for mannitol and sucrose with mannitol representing a more rigorously sequestered transport carbohydrate.
Depth estimation based on thick oriented edges in images (2004)

The field of contact free 3D measure is particularly open since current measuring devices use lines or points. In this domain, cameras are the preferential sensors to develop global 3D measurement system. Many methods have been developed to obtain the 3D coordinates of objects using images and all exploit the variations of acquisition parameters. Acquisition parameters of the system or of the luminous environment, controlled or not are the essential information to establish a relationship between the image and the real scene. This article deals with a spatial approach to depth estimation by analysis of edges in images. A depth from defocus method is explained and the physical process is described. Theoretical developments are made to apply it on thin or thick edges and for height orientations of the edge profile. Some results on images are presented to illustrate the efficiency and the influence of the conditions of use.
A hybrid discontinuous modulation technique to influence the switching losses of three phase inverters (2015)

This paper presents a modulation technique, which combines the known space-vector-pulse-width-modulation (SVPWM) and the discontinuous-pulse-width-modulation (DPWM). This enables the possibility to set the switching losses freely within a certain border band. A possible area of application is the reliability of IGBT-inverters modules, where junction temperature swings can be reduced by influencing the power losses. The functionality is underlined by the analytical derivation of the switching and conduction mean power loss equations which are verified by measurements in certain operation points.
LASSO model selection with post-processing for a genome-wide association study data set (2011)

Model selection procedures for simultaneous analysis of all single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genome-wide association studies are most suitable for making full use of the data for a complex disease study. In this paper we consider a penalized regression using the LASSO procedure and show that post-processing of the penalized-regression results with subsequent stepwise selection may lead to improved identification of causal single-nucleotide polymorphisms.
The characterisation of some mushroom volatiles (1971)

Abstract A steam‐volatile extract, possessing a strong mushroom‐like odour, has been isolated from Agaricus bisporus, the cultivated white mushroom of the mushroom grower. The major volatile components present, viz., 3‐methylbutanal, 3‐octanone, oct‐1‐en‐3‐one, 3‐octanol, oct‐1‐en‐3‐ol, furfural, benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde and benzyl alcohol, were identified by combined gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, and several other components were either positively or tentatively identified. The properties of the mushroom‐like odour of oct‐1‐en‐3‐one and of the corresponding alcohol in dilute aqueous solution were examined.
Lentiviral mediated gene delivery to the anterior chamber of rodent eyes. (2005)

A high transduction efficiency of TM and corneal endothelial cells can be effectively obtained after a single dose of recombinant lentivirus. The EF-1alpha promoter induces high expression of the reporter gene and is a reliable alternative to the CMV promoter when stable, long term expression is desired.
Research on intelligent intrusion prevention system based on Snort (2010)

Due to the limitation of the firewall and intrusion detection system in the information security domain, intrusion prevention system (IPS) appeared. It is a new generation information security technology following the firewall and intrusion detection technique. It is also a secure product that protects the network and system in real time from attacking, and now becomes a hotspot of research in network security domain. This article mainly focuses on the support vector machine (SVM) applying to Snort intrusion detection system, then implements a small scale intelligent intrusion prevention system by combining Snort intrusion detection system and firewall.
Clinical implications of ZAP‐70 expressionin chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2006)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a disease with an extremely heterogeneous prognosis. Because of this and because of the lack of a truly effective therapy, treatment of CLL must be adapted to the individual risk of each patient. Over the last quarter of century, prognosis of patients with CLL has been based on clinical features. In the last few years a number of biological prognostic parameters have been identified. Among them, the expression of ZAP-70 in neoplastic B lymphocytes is increasingly being recognized as of paramount importance to predict outcome. Patients with a low percentage (<20%) of ZAP-70 positive neoplastic B lymphocytes have a much better prognosis that those with a higher proportion (>20%) of ZAP-70 positive neoplastic B lymphocytes.
Adult Human Müller Glia Cells Are a Highly Efficient Source of Rod Photoreceptors (2010)

There is growing evidence that Müller glia cells (MGCs) might act as regenerative elements in injured retinas of fishes and amniotes. However, their differentiation potential in humans is yet unknown. We isolated Müller glia from adult human retinas and propagated them in vitro revealing for the first time their ability to differentiate into rod photoreceptors. These results were also confirmed with mice retinas. Here, we describe conditions by which human MGCs adopt a rod photoreceptor commitment with a surprising efficiency as high as 54%. Functional characterization of Müller glia-derived photoreceptors by patch-clamp recordings revealed that their electrical properties are comparable to those of adult rods. Interestingly, our procedure allowed efficient derivation of MGC cultures starting from both injured and degenerating and postmortem human retinas. Human transplanted Müller glia-derived photoreceptors integrate and survive within immunodeficient mouse retinas. These data provide evidence that Müller glia retains an unpredicted plasticity and multipotent potential into adulthood, and it is therefore a promising source of novel therapeutic applications in retinal repair.
Language training system utilizing speech modification (2002)

A computer-assisted language training system, focusing on speech input and output, is described. The system is intended to help students of foreign languages (typically Japanese or English) to improve their pronunciation, with an emphasis on the prosodic features of speech. The system incorporates a combination of speech processing techniques, in order to analyze the input speech, and to produce effective speech feedback. The system is implemented on a Unix PC, with studio I/O capability, in a window environment.
Narrow band infrared filters with broad field of view (2006)

Optical interference notch filters shift to shorter wavelengths with increasing angles of incidence. This phenomenon restricts the filter's field of view and limits the practical application of narrow reflection notch filters. The amount of shift is inversely proportional to the effective average index of the composite film. A method of designing narrow notch optical filters with very broad field of view and controllable bandwidth is demonstrated. Because this method produces a filter that is predominantly composed of the high refractive index material, it will shift on angle less than a typical quarter-wave notch filter. Increasing the effective index of the filter also reduces the separation of S and P-polarized light with angle. This paper presents modeled and measured performance for both mid and far-infrared filters developed using this technique. Narrow notch discrete and rugate filter designs are compared.
Codes for spectral-amplitude-coding optical CDMA systems (2002)

Codes with ideal in-phase cross correlation (CC) are required in spectral-amplitude-coding optical code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems since these codes eliminate multiuser interference and also suppress the effect of phase-induced intensity noise. However, little research work has been done on such codes although codes with ideal CC have been studied for many years. In a paper by Zhou et al. (2000), such a code has been introduced, but no clear construction method has been presented. In this paper, we first review the construction method of this old code and then construct two new codes with ideal in-phase CC in algebraic ways. Both of the proposed new codes are obtained by modifying former codes with ideal CC. It has been shown that the system performance can be improved significantly by using codes with ideal in-phase CC instead of the Hadamard code. These codes can also be used in the synchronous optical CDMA systems for multiuser interference cancellation.
Ciguatera Fish Poisoning: Treatment, Prevention and Management (2008)

Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) is the most frequently reported seafood-toxin illness in the world, and it causes substantial physical and functional impact. It produces a myriad of gastrointestinal, neurologic and/or cardiovascular symptoms which last days to weeks, or even months. Although there are reports of symptom amelioration with some interventions (e.g. IV mannitol), the appropriate treatment for CFP remains unclear to many physicians. We review the literature on the treatments for CFP, including randomized controlled studies and anecdotal reports. The article is intended to clarify treatment options, and provide information about management and prevention of CFP, for emergency room physicians, poison control information providers, other health care providers, and patients.
Artificial Neural Network Based Fault Detection and Fault Location in the DC Microgrid (2016)

In DC microgrid, power electronic devices may suffer from over current during short circuit faults. Since DC bus systems cannot sustain high fault currents, suitable protection strategy in DC lines is indispensable. This paper presents a novel use of artificial neural network (ANN) for fault detection and fault location in a low voltage DC bus microgrid system. In the proposed scheme, the faults on DC bus can be fast detected and then isolated without de-energizing the entire system, hence achieving a more reliable DC microgrid. The neural network is trained based on the different short circuit faults in DC bus to ensure its validity. A microgrid with ring DC bus, which is segmented into overlapping nodes and linked with circuit breakers, is built in PSCAD/EMTDC to test the performance of the protection scheme.
Tertiary Structure Around the Guanosine-Binding Site of the <i>Tetrahymena</i> Ribozyme (1992)

A cleavage reagent directed to the active site of the Tetrahymena catalytic RNA was synthesized by derivatization of the guanosine substrate with a metal chelator. When complexed with iron(II), this reagent cleaved the RNA in five regions. Cleavage at adenosine 207, which is far from the guanosine-binding site in the primary and secondary structure, provides a constraint for the higher order folding of the RNA. This cleavage site constitutes physical evidence for a key feature of the Michel-Westhof model. Targeting a reactive entity to a specific site should be generally useful for determining proximity within folded RNA molecules or ribonucleoprotein complexes.
Germanium-overcoated niobium Dayem bridges (1976)

Overcoating constriction microbridges with semiconducting germanium provides additional thermal conductivity at liquid-helium temperatures to reduce the effects of self-heating in these Josephson junctions. Microwave-induced steps were observed in the I-V characteristics of an overcoated Dayem bridge fabricated in a 15-nm-thick niobium film; at 4.2 K (Tc−T=2.6 K), at least 20 steps could be counted. No steps were observed in the I-V characteristics of the bridge prior to overcoating. In addition, the germanium overcoat can protect against electrical disturbances at room temperature.
Eugenol—From the Remote Maluku Islands to the International Market Place: A Review of a Remarkable and Versatile Molecule (2012)

Eugenol is a major volatile constituent of clove essential oil obtained through hydrodistillation of mainly Eugenia caryophyllata (=Syzygium aromaticum) buds and leaves. It is a remarkably versatile molecule incorporated as a functional ingredient in numerous products and has found application in the pharmaceutical, agricultural, fragrance, flavour, cosmetic and various other industries. Its vast range of pharmacological activities has been well-researched and includes antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-oxidant and anticancer activities, amongst others. In addition, it is widely used in agricultural applications to protect foods from micro-organisms during storage, which might have an effect on human health, and as a pesticide and fumigant. As a functional ingredient, it is included in many dental preparations and it has also been shown to enhance skin permeation of various drugs. Eugenol is considered safe as a food additive but due to the wide range of different applications, extensive use and availability of clove oil, it is pertinent to discuss the general toxicity with special reference to contact dermatitis. This review summarises the pharmacological, agricultural and other applications of eugenol with specific emphasis on mechanism of action as well as toxicity data.
Non-coding RNAs and cancer: new paradigms in oncology. (2011)

Over the last decade, a growing number of non-coding transcripts have been found to have roles in gene regulation and RNA processing. The most well known small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are the microRNAs (miRNAs), but the network of long and short non-coding transcripts is complex and is likely to contain as yet unidentified classes of molecules that form transcriptional regulatory networks. miRNAs and some other ncRNAs have been found to be involved in human tumorigenesis, revealing a new layer in the molecular architecture of cancer. Gene expression studies have shown that hundreds of miRNAs are deregulated in cancer cells, and functional studies have clarified that miRNAs are involved in all the molecular and biologic processes that drive tumorigenesis. Here, we summarize the recent advances in understanding miRNAs' and other ncRNAs' involvement in cancer and illustrate how this knowledge may be useful in medical practice. New diagnostic classifiers based on miRNAs will soon be available for medical practitioners, and even more importantly, miRNAs may become novel anti-cancer therapies.
ERPLAB: an open-source toolbox for the analysis of event-related potentials (2014)

ERPLAB toolbox is a freely available, open-source toolbox for processing and analyzing event-related potential (ERP) data in the MATLAB environment. ERPLAB is closely integrated with EEGLAB, a popular open-source toolbox that provides many EEG preprocessing steps and an excellent user interface design. ERPLAB adds to EEGLAB's EEG processing functions, providing additional tools for filtering, artifact detection, re-referencing, and sorting of events, among others. ERPLAB also provides robust tools for averaging EEG segments together to create averaged ERPs, for creating difference waves and other recombinations of ERP waveforms through algebraic expressions, for filtering and re-referencing the averaged ERPs, for plotting ERP waveforms and scalp maps, and for quantifying several types of amplitudes and latencies. ERPLAB's tools can be accessed either from an easy-to-learn graphical user interface or from MATLAB scripts, and a command history function makes it easy for users with no programming experience to write scripts. Consequently, ERPLAB provides both ease of use and virtually unlimited power and flexibility, making it appropriate for the analysis of both simple and complex ERP experiments. Several forms of documentation are available, including a detailed user's guide, a step-by-step tutorial, a scripting guide, and a set of video-based demonstrations.