gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
C-Terminal Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein Increases Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Human Osteoblastic Cells (2000)

The N-terminal region of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related protein (PTHrP) interacts with a common PTH/PTHrP receptor in osteoblasts. These cells synthesize PTHrP, but its role in bone turnover is unclear. Intermittent treatment with N-terminal PTHrP or PTH stimulates bone growth in vivo, possibly by increasing local bone factors. In addition, C-terminal PTHrP (107-139), which does not bind to the PTH/PTHrP receptor, appears to affect bone resorption in vivo and in vitro, although its effect on bone formation in vivo remains controversial. Bone angiogenesis is an often overlooked but critical event in the process of bone remodeling. Recently, PTH (1-34) has been shown to induce gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent angiogenic factor, by osteoblastic cells. However, no data are available on the effect of PTHrP (107-139) on VEGF expression in these cells. Using semiquantitative reverse transcription followed by PCR, we found that PTHrP (107-139), between 10 nM and 1 pM, increased VEGF mRNA in human osteoblastic (hOB) cells from trabecular bone. This effect of this agonist, at 10 nM, was maximal (fivefold for VEGF(165), and twofold for VEGF(121), compared to control) within 1 to 4 h. This effect was similar to that induced by PTHrP (1-34) in these cells, as well as in human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells, using Northern blot analysis. Moreover, the effect of both peptides, added together at 100 pM, was not higher than that observed with each peptide alone in hOB cells. The effects of PTHrP (107-139) and that of PTHrP (1-34) were abolished by actinomycin D in hOB cells. In these cells, the protein kinase C inhibitor staurosporine, but not the protein kinase A inhibitor H89, inhibited the increase in VEGF mRNA induced by 10 nM PTHrP (107-139). PTHrP (107-139), at 10 nM, also stimulated cytosolic VEGF immunostaining in hOB cells, and VEGF secretion into the medium conditioned by hOB or MG-63 cells for 24 h, which was (ng/mg protein): 10 +/- 1 or 5 +/- 3 (control), respectively, and 21 +/- 1 or 11 +/- 2 (PTHrP [107-139]-stimulated), respectively. Furthermore, medium conditioned by these cells for 24 h in the presence of 10 nM PTHrP (107-139), with or without 10 nM PTHrP (1-34), increased about 30% bovine aortic endothelial cell (BAEC) growth at 48 h. This effect was inhibited by adding a specific anti-VEGF antibody to the BAEC incubation medium. These findings demonstrate that the C-terminal domain of PTHrP induces expression and secretion of VEGF, a main angiogenic factor, in hOB cells and MG-63 cells. This relationship between PTHrP and VEGF has potential implications for both bone vascularization and bone formation, and neoangiogenesis in PTHrP-producing tumors.
Agonist-induced endocytosis and signal generation in adrenal glomerulosa cells. A potential mechanism for receptor-operated calcium entry. (1991)

The relationships between receptor-mediated endocytosis and the generation of intracellular signals were analyzed in angiotensin II (AII)-stimulated adrenal glomerulosa cells. In cells equilibrated with 125I-AII analogs at 4 degrees C, specifically bound agonist but not antagonist AII derivatives were rapidly internalized at 37 degrees C. AII-induced internalization was not influenced by the presence or absence of extracellular Ca2+ but was inhibited by treatment with phenylarsine oxide (PAO) or by arresting coated pit formation with hypotonic shock and potassium depletion. Inhibition of internalization by PAO was prevented by the bifunctional sulfhydryl reagent dithiothreitol but only partially reversed by mercaptoethanol, and readdition of K+ restored internalization in K(+)-depleted cells. Treatment with PAO did not impair the initial AII-induced elevations of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3) and cytoplasmic calcium [( Ca2+]i) but reduced the sustained phase of the Ins(1,4,5)P3 response by 85% and abolished the second phase of the cytoplasmic Ca2+ response; these responses were restored by concomitant treatment with dithiothreitol. Inhibition of AII-receptor internalization by K+ depletion also caused selective loss of the sustained phase of the AII-induced Ca2+ response. Thus, blockade of AII-receptor internalization has similar effects as extracellular Ca2+ deficiency, which abolishes the sustained but not the early AII-induced increases in Ins(1,4,5)P3 production and [Ca2+]i. The close correlations between AII-induced internalization and the generation of Ins(1,4,5)P3 and [Ca2+]i responses suggest that endocytosis of the agonist-receptor complex is necessary to maintain the production of these intracellular signals. It is also possible that receptor-operated vesicular uptake of extracellular Ca2+ makes a significant contribution to the sustained [Ca2+]i responses of certain agonist-stimulated target cells.
An Inhibitor of p34 <sup> <i>CDC28</i> </sup> Protein Kinase Activity from <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1993)

The p34CDC28 protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a homolog of the p34cdc2 protein kinase, a fundamental regulator of cell division in all eukaryotic cells. Once activated it initiates the visible events of mitosis (chromosome condensation, nuclear envelope breakdown, and spindle formation). The p34CDC28 protein also has a critical role in the initiation of DNA synthesis. The protein kinase activity is regulated by cycles of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation and by periodic association with cyclins. An endogenous 40-kilodalton protein (p40) originally identified as a substrate of the p34CDC28 protein kinase was purified. The p40 protein bound tightly to p34CDC28 and inhibited the activity of the kinase. The p40 protein may provide another mechanism to regulate p34CDC28 protein kinase activity.
The Enhancement of Vaginal Vasocongestion by Sildenafil in Healthy Premenopausal Women (2002)

Sildenafil was found to be effective in enhancing vaginal engorgement during erotic stimulus conditions in healthy women without sexual dysfunction but was not associated with an effect on subjective sexual arousal.
15-ps ECL/74-GHz f/sub T/ Si bipolar technology (2002)

A very high performance Si bipolar transistor technology has been developed. In-situ phosphorus doped polysilicon (IDP) emitter technology was used to reduce the thermal budget and emitter resistance. Very thin bases were obtained by rapid vapor-phase doping (RVD) and low energy BF2/sup +/ ion implantation. Double-polysilicon self-aligned bipolar technology with U-groove isolation on bonded SOI wafers was used to reduce the parasitic capacitances. Using these key techniques, a minimum ECL gate delay time of 15 ps and a cut-off frequency of 74 GHz have been achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High Frequency of Plant Production via Somatic Embryogenesis from Callus or Cell Suspension Cultures inEleutherococcus senticosus (1999)

Hypocotyl segments of Eleutherococcus senticosus cultured on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium with 4.5 μ m 2,4-D produced somatic embryos directly from the surface of explants without intervening callus formation. When these somatic embryos were subcultured to the same MS medium with 4.5 μ m 2,4-D, friable embryogenic calli were formed mainly from radicle tips of somatic embryos, but at a low frequency (5%). Selected embryogenic calli were maintained on MS agar or liquid medium with 4.5 μ m 2,4-D. To induce somatic embryo development, embryogenic calli and cell clumps were transferred to MS medium lacking 2,4-D. The frequency of somatic embryo formation differed between culture types with 1570 embryos formed per Petri dish from callus culture and 5514 embryos formed per flask from cell suspension cultures. Somatic embryos formed on agar medium had larger cotyledons than those of embryos formed in liquid medium. GA 3 treatment was necessary to induce germination from somatic embryos. The rate of plant conversion was 97% in somatic embryos from callus culture and 76% in embryos from liquid culture. Regenerated plantlets were successfully acclimatized in the glasshouse. Copyright 1999 Annals of Botany Company
Optical Resonators For High Power Lasers (1989)

Extraction efficiency, beam quality, misalignment sensitivity and thermal lensing of stable and unstable resonators were investigated, both experimentally and theoretically. The theoretical description was based on a model combining diffraction theory with the amplification of the electric field inside the active medium. Saturation effects on mode vo-lume and losses are discussed. Experiments were performed with a pulsed Nd:YAG system. A detailed comparison of the two kind of resonators, indicates several advantages of the unstable one, such as low misalignment sensitivity and high far-field brightness. Furthermore, several methods of improving the beam quality of unstable resonators were investigated.
On the Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Homokinetic Transmission in Chains of Cardan Joints (1993)

The classical double universal joint for constant velocity ratio transmission is subject to strict geometrical requirements as regards configuration, and it is generally accepted that similar constraints also prevail for longer chains of joints. This paper examines the constant velocity conditions from a necessary point of view and establishes new configuration possibilities for chains of 3 or more joints, which allow to envisage more flexible design in some applications.
Induction of idiotype-specific suppressor T cells with antigen/antibody complexes. (1983)

The effects of immune complexes on the antibody response of BALB/c mice to Streptococcus pneumoniae R36a (Pn) were investigated. The cell wall polysaccharide (PnC) extracted from Pn was used to form complexes with TEPC-15, a myeloma protein that binds to phosphorylcholine determinants on the PnC. Complexes formed at equivalence were cultured with splenic T cells from BALB/c mice for 2 d, and then the cells were added to fresh BALB/c spleen cell cultures to test their effect on the antibody response to Pn, a response dominated by the T15 idiotype family. The results indicate that TEPC-15/PnC complexes induced potent suppressor T cells (Ts) whereas cells cultured with free antigen or free antibody alone had no effect on the plaque-forming cell response to Pn. The suppression was specific since the response to control antigens such as sheep erythrocytes was unaffected. The suppression appears to be idiotype-specific since the Ts had a relatively weak (and in some cases no) effect on the anti-Pn response of BALB/c mice that had been suppressed for T15 idiotopes by neonatal injection of a monoclonal anti-T15 antibody, MaId 5-4. Furthermore, cells cultured with TEPC-15/PnC complexes were shown to express specific receptors for TEPC-15 idiotopes. The results indicate that antigen/antibody complexes may have important immunoregulatory effects because they are potent inducers of idiotype-specific Ts.
Inhibition of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase by Derivatives of 1,3-Bis(cyclopropylmethyl)xanthine (1994)

Alkylation of the selective type IV phosphodiesterase inhibitor, 8-amino-1,3-bis(cyclopropylmethyl)-xanthine (1, BRL 61063), led exclusively to the N-7 substituted derivatives 2-9, which showed varying selectivities for the PDE type IV isoenzyme relative to PDE Va. The 4-methoxybenzyl derivative 6 in particular was a highly potent PDE Va inhibitor (IC50 0.14 microM) and showed a 24-fold selectivity for this isoenzyme relative to PDE IV. Sulfonation of 1 was more complex, with the product profile being highly dependent on the reaction conditions. As with alkylation, sulfonation at N-7 generally increased potency against PDE Va, especially in the aryl-containing moieties lacking strongly electron-withdrawing substituents (12, 15-17, 19). Bis-arylsulfonation at the exocyclic amino group generally reduced inhibitory potency against both PDE IV and Va. An 8-amidino compound 33, formed by the unusual reaction of 1 with N-methylpyrrolidinone in the presence of benzenesulfonyl chloride, had an IC50 value of 0.05 microM against PDE Va and is believed to be the most potent inhibitor of this isoenzyme reported. No correlation of PDE IV inhibition with displacement of [3H]rolipram from its high-affinity binding site was demonstrated. This suggests that either the catalytic site and the rolipram binding site are not the same or that PDE IV can exist in two conformations, only one of which binds to rolipram with high affinity, and that the compounds described vary in their selectivity for this isoform.
Real-time assessment of acute myocardial ischaemia by an intra-thoracic 6-lead ECG: evaluation of a new diagnostic option in the implantable defibrillator† (2006)

This study provides strong evidence that the ICD-based IT 6-lead ECG would provide a new and efficient means of assessing a patient's daily ischaemic burden.
A COMPARISON OF TWO WEST NILE VIRUS DETECTION ASSAYS (TAQMAN REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION AND VECTEST ANTIGEN ASSAY) DURING THREE CONSECUTIVE OUTBREAKS IN NORTHERN ILLINOIS (2006)

Mosquitoes identified as female Culex (Culex) species, primarily mixtures or uniform batches of Culex pipiens and Culex restuans, were collected daily from gravid traps by 2 mosquito abatement districts (MADs) in Cook County, Illinois. From 2002 through 2004, batches (pools) of mosquitoes were tested by the MADs for West Nile virus (WNV) by using VecTest WNV antigen assays and the same samples were retested, usually within 1-2 wk, for WNV RNA by the TaqMan reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). There were 952 TaqMan-positive pools out of 3,953 pools over the 3 years, and about one half of that number were VecTest-positive. The difference between the 2 detection assays varied between and within years. The VecTest assays detected about 57% and 69% of the TaqMan RT-PCR-positive pools from Des Plaines Valley MAD and Northwest MAD in 2002, but only about 40% and 46% in 2003, and 36% and 55% in 2004, respectively. Based on a subset of the 2004 data, a linear relationship was found between VecTest detection of WNV and TaqMan cycle threshold between 18 and 28 cycles. A temporal decrease in the difference between the 2 assays was observed in 2003 and 2004, which we conjecture is due, at least partially, to a seasonal decline in the proportion of recently infected mosquitoes. This trend was not observed in 2002 because infection rates indicated a high likelihood of more than 1 infected mosquito per pool at the peak of transmission. Unlike a previous study, the 95% confidence intervals of infection rates based on the 2 detection methods did not always overlap. The highest infection rates occurred in 2002 when mean monthly temperatures were above average.
Effects of extracts from certain Sideritis species on swimming performance in mice (1996)

Extracts obtained from S. libanotica ssp. kurdica, S. lanata, S. perfoliata and S. athoa on mouse swimming performance were investigated using two different doses. In order to compare their effects on the swimming experiments, antidepressant drugs, desipramine and trimipramine, were also tested. On the basis of our findings, low doses (250 mg/kg) of these extracts from the Sideritis species decreased the swimming time, suggesting a central nervous system depressant activity, whereas central nervous system stimulant and/or antistress activities became evident at higher doses (500 mg/kg) of aqueous Sideritis extracts.
Protective Meningococcal Capsular Polysaccharide Epitopes and the Role of O Acetylation (2007)

Previous studies with group C meningococcal polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid (GCMP-TT) conjugates had suggested that the GCMP O-acetyl group masked the protective epitope for group C meningococci through steric hindrance or altered conformations. For this report, we confirmed this phenomenon and performed comparative studies with group Y meningococcal polysaccharide (GYMP)-TT to determine whether it might extend to other serogroups. The de-O-acetylated (dOA) polysaccharides (PSs) resulted in higher serum bactericidal activities (SBA) towards the O-acetylated (OA) meningococcal strains from the respective serogroups. High-resolution H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 500 MHz and competitive inhibition serum bactericidal assays were used to characterize the nature of the protective epitope. In head-to-head comparisons with OA PSs as SBA inhibitors, the dOA PSs provided 10 to 1,000 times better inhibition for GCMP in human and mouse antisera and 6 to 13 times better inhibition for GYMP in mouse antisera, using OA strains in all assays. In addition, the SBA for OA strains was highly correlated with dOA PS-specific immunoglobulin G (r=0.72 to 0.98) for both GCMP and GYMP. The results suggest that there may be a generalized role for the O-acetyl group to provide an epitope of misdirected immunogenicity for meningococcal PS capsules, enabling escape from immune surveillance. In addition to greater chemical consistency, the dOA forms of GCMP and GYMP conjugate vaccines endow greater immunologic competence to the PSs, rendering them capable of eliciting higher levels of functional antibodies toward the protective epitopes.
Sauber recycliert (2015)

Abstract Ein Problem beim Kunststoffrecycling ist die sortenreine Erkennung der geschredderten Flakes. Fluoreszenzspektroskopische Methoden können helfen.
Novel results on the coexistence of spectrally phase-encoded OCDMA and DWDM (2005)

We propose and experimentally validate a novel method for transmitting several OCDMA channels in the unused bandwidth of a single WDM channel, thus allowing the OCDMA and SONET signals to share the same WDM channel. The theoretical justification of this new modulation scheme is based on a powerful property of spectrally phase-encoded OCDMA signals which is reported and proved for the first time: the operation of spectral phase encoding allows us to convey broadband signals over a disjoint (non-contiguous) frequency support. Remarkably, this property' does not impair signal orthogonality' so that it can be exploited both in synchronous and asynchronous OCDMA.
The Social Basis of Fascism (1936)

FASCISM, like the Caesar it so fervently extols, is all things to all men. It is both epithet and encomium. Italians chose the Latin word as they revived the toga and dug up the streets of Rome, to find another echo of the glory of a great past. Syndicalists and nationalists bent its meaning when they wrote its doctrines. German NationalSocialists, sensing a non-Aryan heterodoxy even in language, have used it with still different meanings. Marxists have defined it as variously as Fascists, and have added to its already heavy freight a further burden of abuse. Even those scholars who are neither Fascists nor Marxists have twisted and confused the word.' The phenomenon itself is as confusing as its terminology. Italy, Germany and Austria describe themselves as Fascist countries. Several smaller states in the Balkans and along the Baltic are frequently called Fascist. Avowed Fascist groups or parties exist in every Western nation. But the word grows thinner as it is stretched. In an age when political invective is being restored to favor, even simple words suffer strange sea-changes in semantics. When Trotzky, President Roosevelt and the younger army officers of Japan are all called Fascists, as they often are, the word requires analysis. Before the word can even be used in connection with China or 'Japan, where the social basis for any class movement is inevitably different from what is found in Europe, it is essential to discover what it means. The most useful common denominator to be found in the three countries where Fascism has definitely taken power is its attitude toward the economic problems of modern capitalism. Fascist political methods have varied widely; Italy and Germany have little in common in their attitudes toward race or religion. They have shared, it is true, an intense nationalism, striving for political and economic independence
Distributed Machine Learning (2017)

In recent years, artificial intelligence has achieved great success in many important applications. Both novel machine learning algorithms (e.g., deep neural networks), and their distributed implementations play very critical roles in the success. In this tutorial, we will first review popular machine learning algorithms and the optimization techniques they use. Second, we will introduce widely used ways of parallelizing machine learning algorithms (including both data parallelism and model parallelism, both synchronous and asynchronous parallelization), and discuss their theoretical properties, strengths, and weakness. Third, we will present some recent works that try to improve standard parallelization mechanisms. Last, we will provide some practical examples of parallelizing given machine learning algorithms in online application (e.g. Recommendation and Ranking) by using popular distributed platforms, such as Spark MlLib, DMTK, and Tensorflow. By listening to this tutorial, the audience can form a clear knowledge framework about distributed machine learning, and gain some hands-on experiences on parallelizing a given machine learning algorithm using popular distributed systems.
Deletion of low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (<i>Acp1</i>) protects against stress‐induced cardiomyopathy (2015)

The low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMPTP), encoded by the ACP1 gene, is a ubiquitously expressed phosphatase whose in vivo function in the heart and in cardiac diseases remains unknown. To investigate the in vivo role of LMPTP in cardiac function, we generated mice with genetic inactivation of the Acp1 locus and studied their response to long-term pressure overload. Acp1(-/-) mice develop normally and ageing mice do not show pathology in major tissues under basal conditions. However, Acp1(-/-) mice are strikingly resistant to pressure overload hypertrophy and heart failure. Lmptp expression is high in the embryonic mouse heart, decreased in the postnatal stage, and increased in the adult mouse failing heart. We also show that LMPTP expression increases in end-stage heart failure in humans. Consistent with their protected phenotype, Acp1(-/-) mice subjected to pressure overload hypertrophy have attenuated fibrosis and decreased expression of fibrotic genes. Transcriptional profiling and analysis of molecular signalling show that the resistance of Acp1(-/-) mice to pathological cardiac stress correlates with marginal re-expression of fetal cardiac genes, increased insulin receptor beta phosphorylation, as well as PKA and ephrin receptor expression, and inactivation of the CaMKIIδ pathway. Our data show that ablation of Lmptp inhibits pathological cardiac remodelling and suggest that inhibition of LMPTP may be of therapeutic relevance for the treatment of human heart failure.