gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoenhanced chemical-vapor deposition of BaTiO3 (1994)

High quality BaTiO3 films have been deposited on MgO (100) and Pt coated Si (Pt/Ta/ONO/Si) substrates at 600 °C by photoenhanced chemical-vapor deposition (photo-CVD). X-ray-diffraction measurements show that highly a-axis oriented BaTiO3 was formed on MgO (100) substrates at 600 °C by photo-CVD. BaTiO3 films deposited on Pt coated Si substrates by photo-CVD were randomly oriented. In contrast, the x-ray-diffraction peaks of the BaTiO3 films deposited at the same temperature without UV light irradiation were much weaker than those with UV light irradiation. Raman-scattering measurements showed a pronounced peak at 522 cm−1, which is characteristic peak of perovskite BaTiO3, for photo-CVD deposited films. The dielectric constant of photo-CVD deposited BaTiO3 films (ε=580) was more than double than that of thermal CVD deposited films, while the dissipation factor (loss) of photo-CVD deposited BaTiO3 films was reduced by a factor of 2. These results unambiguously demonstrated that photo-CVD is a promising technique for low-temperature deposition of high quality ferroelectric films.
High current, 0.5-MA, fast, 100-ns, linear transformer driver experiments (2009)

The linear transformer driver (LTD) is a new method for constructing high current, high-voltage pulsed accelerators. The salient feature of the approach is switching and inductively adding the pulses at low voltage straight out of the capacitors through low inductance transfer and soft iron core isolation. Sandia National Laboratories are actively pursuing the development of a new class of accelerator based on the LTD technology. Presently, the high current LTD experimental research is concentrated on two aspects: first, to study the repetition rate capabilities, reliability, reproducibility of the output pulses, switch prefires, jitter, electrical power and energy efficiency, and lifetime measurements of the cavity active components; second, to study how a multicavity linear array performs in a voltage adder configuration relative to current transmission, energy and power addition, and wall plug to output pulse electrical efficiency. Here we report the repetition rate and lifetime studies performed in the Sandia High Current LTD Laboratory. We first utilized the prototype $\ensuremath{\sim}0.4\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}\mathrm{MA}$, LTD I cavity which could be reliably operated up to $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}90\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}\mathrm{kV}$ capacitor charging. Later we obtained an improved 0.5-MA, LTD II version that can be operated at $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}100\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{kV}$ maximum charging voltage. The experimental results presented here were obtained with both cavities and pertain to evaluating the maximum achievable repetition rate and LTD cavity performance. The voltage adder experiments with a series of double sized cavities (1 MA, $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}100\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{kV}$) will be reported in future publications.
The relationship between ocular and articular disease activity in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and associated uveitis (1986)

The onset patterns and disease courses of children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and uveitis were reviewed to establish correlations. Results indicated that although the disease activity of arthritis and uveitis may at times run a parallel course, it is more common for the activities to be independent.
Bacterial Population Dynamics in Three Anopheline Species: The Impact on Plasmodium Sporogonic Development (1996)

The functional role of bacteria in the midgut of adult mosquitoes is unknown. In this study, we examined the population dynamics of midgut bacteria of laboratory reared Anopheles stephensi, An. gambiae, and An. albimanus. Mosquito midguts were dissected under sterile conditions and examined for the presence of bacteria using standard microbiologic techniques. Ninety percent and 73% (n = 30) of newly emerged An. gambiae and An. stephensi, respectively, harbored bacteria. In contrast, only 17% (n = 23) of An. albimanus harbored any bacteria. The bacterial population increased 11-40-fold in the presence of a blood meal, but then decreased to pre-blood meal levels in 3-5 days. Pseudomonas cepacia, Enterobacter agglomerans, and Flavobacterium spp. were found in all three anopheline species. Midgut bacteria were acquired both transtadially and through the sugar meal. Transtadial transmission was demonstrated by successfully passaging Escherichia coli HS5 from the larval to the adult stage. However, midgut bacteria were acquired more efficiently through the sugar meal than through transtadial passage. An increase in midgut bacterial counts after mosquitoes were exposed to a bacteria/sugar suspension significantly reduced oocyst infection rates and densities in Plasmodium falciparum-infected mosquito cohorts. Since bacteria occur naturally in wild mosquitoes, it may be possible to modify anopheline vector competence using introduced or indigenous bacteria.
Structure and photoluminescence properties of epitaxially oriented GaN nanorods grown on Si(111) by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy (2006)

The authors show that vertically c-axis-aligned GaN nanorod arrays grown by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy are epitaxially oriented on Si(111) substrates and their crystal structure corresponds to a fully relaxed wurtzite lattice. At later growth stage, these GaN nanorods exhibit the tendency to coalesce into nanorod bundles. Low-temperature photoluminescence spectrum from 1-μm-long GaN nanorods consists of intense exciton lines of strain-free bulk GaN and additional lines at ∼3.21 and ∼3.42eV (Y7 and Y2). The Y7 line is attributed to the excitons trapped along the dislocations at the boundaries of coalesced GaN nanorods, while the Y2 line has its origin in the interface defects at the GaN∕Si(111) interfaces.
Spiers Memorial Lecture : Recent experimental advances in studies of liquid/liquid interfaces (2004)

Liquid/liquid interfaces play a key role in many important processes. Studying the molecular structure and interactions that occur at these interfaces can aid in our understanding of more complicated processes such as molecular transport across cell membranes. A variety of techniques have been applied to this pursuit. Here we present selected examples of exciting recent studies using different techniques to examine liquid/liquid interfaces.
The <i>lbgAB</i> Gene Cluster of <i>Haemophilus ducreyi</i> Encodes a β-1,4-Galactosyltransferase and an α-1,6- <scp>dd</scp> -Heptosyltransferase Involved in Lipooligosaccharide Biosynthesis (2002)

All Haemophilus ducreyi strains examined contain a lipooligosaccharide (LOS) consisting of a single but variable branch oligosaccharide that emanates off the first heptose (Hep-I) of a conserved Hep(3)-phosphorylated 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid-lipid A core. In a previous report, identification of tandem genes, lbgA and lbgB, that are involved in LOS biosynthesis was described (Stevens et al., Infect. Immun. 65:651-660, 1997). In a separate study, the same gene cluster was identified and the lbgB (losB) gene was found to be required for transfer of the second sugar, D-glycero-D-manno-heptose (DD-Hep), of the major branch structure (Gibson et al., J. Bacteriol. 179:5062-5071, 1997). In this study, we identified the function of the neighboring upstream gene, lbgA, and found that it is necessary for addition of the third sugar in the dominant oligosaccharide branch, a galactose-linked beta1-->4, to the DD-Hep. LOS from an lbgA mutant and an lbgAB double mutant were isolated and were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, carbohydrate analysis, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results showed that the mutant strains synthesize truncated LOS glycoforms that terminate after addition of the first glucose (lbgAB) or the disaccharide DD-Hepalpha1-->6Glcbeta1 (lbgA) that is attached to the heptose core. Both mutants show a significant reduction in the ability to adhere to human keratinocytes. Although minor differences were observed after two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of total proteins from the wild-type and mutant strains, the expression levels of the vast majority of proteins were unchanged, suggesting that the differences in adherence and invasion are due to differences in LOS. These studies add to the mounting evidence for a role of full-length LOS structures in the pathophysiology of H. ducreyi infection.
Flow Limitation in Infants Assessed by Negative Expiratory Pressure (2000)

Forced expiratory flows by the rapid compression technique are often used to assess airway function in infants; however, it remains unclear as to whether flow limitation (FL) is achieved. Studies in adults have used negative expiratory pressure (NEP) at the airway opening as a noninvasive technique to assess whether FL is achieved. An increase in flow with NEP indicates that FL has not been achieved, whereas no increase in flow with NEP indicates FL has been achieved. In the adult studies, the change in flow was assessed by visual inspection of the flow-volume curve. We evaluated whether NEP could be used to assess FL during forced expiration in infants. In addition, we quantified the change in flow secondary to NEP. We applied -5 cm H(2)O NEP to four infants during forced expiratory maneuvers. The step increase in flow with NEP was always less than 5% at high jacket compression pressures and consistent with FL. For one subject, FL was also confirmed from isovolume pressure flow-curves measured with an esophageal catheter. We conclude that NEP can be used in infants to assess FL during forced expiratory maneuvers by the rapid compression technique.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF SOME ORGANOFUNCTIONAL SILANES AND THEIR MODIFICATION OF THE SURFACE OF SILICAS (1984)

Abstract Trichloressigsäure‐allylester (III) addiert Methyldichlorsilan (IV) unter Bildung von (V).
Muscularity and Fatness of Infants and Young Children Born Small- or Large-for-Gestational-Age (1998)

SGA infants remain smaller and LGA infants larger in size through early childhood, but the discrepancies in weight are primarily attributable to differences in lean body mass (muscularity). Fatness is less affected. Thus, based on the fatness indicators used, at any given weight for infants and children 2 to 47 months of age, percent body fat appears to be relatively higher for children who were SGA at birth and lower in those who were LGA at birth. These differences in body composition for SGA infants support the evidence documenting a link between disturbances in intrauterine growth and chronic disease associated with subsequent adiposity in adulthood.
Efficient flooding using relay routing in on-demand Routing protocol for Mobile Adhoc Networks (2009)

In this paper an enhancement technique for Dynamic Source Routing protocol (DSR) using relay routing and flooding alternately is proposed. DSR is a popular on demand reactive routing protocol in Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANET) which uses flooding for route discovery and route maintenance when only a node has data to be transmitted. Flooding causes serious redundancy, contention and collision in the network which increases the overhead of transmission in a dynamic network where the nodes have different mobilities. In order to reduce this routing overhead we have used relay routing technique which selects only a small number of nodes in the neighbourhood of the source node for route discovery and route maintenance. Selection of the nodes is done based on the mobility of the neighbourhood nodes at that instant of time. Simulation results on DSR have shown that this technique can reduce redundant flooding to a great extent thus making DSR more efficient.
A self-aligning gripper using an electrostatic/gecko-like adhesive (2016)

This paper introduces a new robotic gripper for flat surfaces based on a novel electrostatic/gecko-like adhesive. This unique gripping solution overcomes the shortcomings of vacuum grippers for part-handling by eliminating the need for a compressed air system and offering more rapid actuation, thus achieving significant potential cost savings and throughput improvements in manufacturing processes. Results demonstrate the gripper's performance on a variety of both smooth and rough surfaces, including fabrics, as well as show that the gripper is able to successfully pick up and release glass and carbon fiber sheets for over 100 cycles.
A decoding for low density parity check codes over impulsive noise channels (2005)

Power line channel often suffers from impulsive interference generated by electrical appliances. Therefore, power line communication makes degradation due to such impulsive interference. We introduce Middleton's class a noise model into a statistical model of impulsive noise environment. In this paper, we apply LDPC (low density parity check) codes and sum-product decoding to additive white class a noise (AWAN) channels. We propose a sum-product decoding which is suitable for AWAN channels. In addition, we show the BER (bit error rate) performance of the proposed sum-product decoding in class a noise environment by computer simulation.
Evaluation of 3-Carboxy-4(1<i>H</i>)-quinolones as Inhibitors of Human Protein Kinase CK2 (2006)

Due to the emerging role of protein kinase CK2 as a molecule that participates not only in the development of some cancers but also in viral infections and inflammatory failures, small organic inhibitors of CK2, besides application in scientific research, may have therapeutic significance. In this paper, we present a new class of CK2 inhibitors-3-carboxy-4(1H)-quinolones. This class of inhibitors has been selected via receptor-based virtual screening of the Otava compound library. It was revealed that the most active compounds, 5,6,8-trichloro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (7) (IC(50) = 0.3 microM) and 4-oxo-1,4-dihydrobenzo[h]quinoline-3-carboxylic acid (9) (IC(50) = 1 microM), are ATP competitive (K(i) values are 0.06 and 0.28 microM, respectively). Evaluation of the inhibitors on seven protein kinases shows considerable selectivity toward CK2. According to theoretical calculations and experimental data, a structural model describing the key features of 3-carboxy-4(1H)-quinolones responsible for tight binding to CK2 active site has been developed.
The Membrane-Bound Enzyme CD38 Exists in Two Opposing Orientations (2012)

The transmembrane enzyme CD38, a multifunctional protein ubiquitously present in cells, is the main enzyme that synthesizes and hydrolyzes cyclic adenosine 5'-diphosphate-ribose (cADPR), an intracellular Ca(2+)-mobilizing messenger. CD38 is thought to be a type II transmembrane protein with its carboxyl-terminal catalytic domain located on the outside of the cell; thus, the mechanism by which CD38 metabolizes intracellular cADPR has been controversial. We developed specific antibodies against the amino-terminal segment of CD38 and showed that two opposing orientations of CD38, type II and type III (which has its catalytic domain inside the cell), were both present on the surface of HL-60 cells during retinoic acid-induced differentiation. When activated by interferon-γ, human primary monocytes and the monocytic U937 cell line exhibited a similar co-distribution pattern. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments showed that the membrane orientation of CD38 could be converted from a mixture of type II and type III orientations to all type III by mutating the cationic amino acid residues in the amino-terminal segment of CD38. Expression of type III CD38 construct in transfected cells led to increased intracellular concentrations of cADPR, indicating the importance of the type III orientation of CD38 to its Ca(2+) signaling function. The identification of these two forms of CD38 suggests that flipping the catalytic domain from the outside to the inside of the cell may be a mechanism regulating its signaling activity.
Application of a Holistic Model for Determining BPM Maturity (2004)

Business Process Management (BPM), in various forms, has been around for the last 10 to 15 years. During this time BPM has progressed to a holistic management approach that has an inherent level of complexity resulting in part from the myriad of implementation options available. This paper proposes a BPM Maturity model that provides a framework for the detailed evaluation of BPM capabilities and achievements within organisations. The design paradigms of this model and its multi-dimensional structure are discussed. The model has been applied in two case studies and a range of surveys and the findings from these studies are presented. They confirm the understandability, practicality and relevance of the model. Future work in this area seeks the establishment of a global standard for the measurement of BPM maturity, the development of a tool-based assessment kit, the application of this model through international case studies and plans for more comprehensive study into the relationships between (measurable) BPM-related benefits and BPM-maturity.
<i>Lactobacillus paracasei</i>Reduces Intestinal Inflammation in Adoptive Transfer Mouse Model of Experimental Colitis (2011)

Studies showed that specific probiotics provide therapeutic benefits in inflammatory bowel disease. In vitro evidence suggested that Lactobacillus paracasei also called ST11 (CNCM I-2116) is a potent strain with immune modulation properties. However, little is known about its capacity to alleviate inflammatory symptoms in vivo In this context, the main objective of this study was to investigate the role of ST11 on intestinal inflammation using the adoptive transfer mouse model of experimental colitis. Rag2(-/-) recipient mice were fed with ST11 (10(9) CFU/day)a month prior toinduce colitis by adoptive transfer of naive T cells. One month later, in clear contrast to nonfed mice, weight loss was significantly reduced by 50% in ST11-fed mice. Further analysis of colon specimens revealed a significant reduction neutrophil infiltration and mucosal expression of IL1β, IL-6, and IL12 proinflammatory cytokines, whereas no consistent differences in expression of antibacterial peptides or tight junction proteins were observed between PBS and ST11-fed mice. All together, our results demonstrate that oral administration of ST11 was safe and had a significant preventive effect on colitis. We conclude that probiotics such as Lactobacillus paracasei harbor worthwhile in vivo immunomodulatory properties to prevent intestinal inflammation by nutritional approaches.
Introduction to Automatic Differentiation (2003)

Abstract Automatic, or algorithmic, differentiation (AD) is a chain rule‐based technique for evaluating derivatives of functions given as computer programs for their elimination. We review the main characteristics and application of AD and illustrate the methodology on a simple example.
Hereditary Copper Toxicosis in West Highland White Terriers (1986)

Histologic, histochemical and atomic absorption studies on liver tissue from 71 West Highland white terriers are reported. Twenty-seven dogs had histologically normal liver and copper concentration comparable to mongrel control dogs. Forty-four dogs had hepatic copper concentrations up to 22 times the mean copper concentration found in clinically normal mongrel dogs. Hepatitis, hepatic necrosis and cirrhosis were associated with the increased copper concentration in some dogs. Matings between dogs with high liver copper concentration produced pups with high liver concentration. The copper storage defect is inherited.
High-Level Expression of the Malaria Blood-Stage Vaccine Candidate<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>Apical Membrane Antigen 1 and Induction of Antibodies That Inhibit Erythrocyte Invasion (2002)

Apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1) is a highly promising malaria blood-stage vaccine candidate that has induced protection in rodent and nonhuman primate models of malaria. Authentic conformation of the protein appears to be essential for the induction of parasite-inhibitory antibody responses. Here we have developed a synthetic gene with adapted codon usage to allow expression of Plasmodium falciparum FVO strain AMA-1 (PfAMA-1) in Pichia pastoris. In addition, potential N-glycosylation sites were changed, exploiting the lack of conservation of these sites in Plasmodium, to obtain high-level secretion of a homogeneous product, suitable for scale-up according to current good manufacturing procedures. Purified PfAMA-1 displayed authentic antigenic properties, indicating that the amino acid changes had no deleterious effect on the conformation of the protein. High-titer antibodies, raised in rabbits, reacted strongly with homologous and heterologous P. falciparum by immunofluorescence. In addition, purified immunoglobulin G from immunized animals strongly inhibited invasion of red blood cells by homologous and, to a somewhat lesser extent, heterologous P. falciparum.
Isolation of Aleutian Mink Disease Virus by Affinity Chromatography (1973)

Affinity chromatography was used to isolate the Aleutian disease virus of mink. Dissociation of the immunoadsorbent-virus complex with 0.75 molar sodium chloride and then with a glycine-hydrochloride gradient released infective particles resembling picornaviruses. The elution profile suggests that two different types of virus-antibody complexes are formed, one dissociated by sodium chloride and another that requires glycine-hydrochloride in addition to sodium chloride for release of virus.
A fuzzy ontology (2011)

Multimedia indexing systems based on semantic concept detectors are incomplete in the semantic sense. We can improve the effectiveness of these systems by using knowledge-based approaches which utilize semantic knowledge. In this paper, we propose a novel and efficient approach to enhance semantic concept detection in multimedia content, by exploiting contextual information about concepts from visual modality. First, a semantic knowledge is extracted via a contextual annotation framework. Second, a Fuzzy ontology is proposed to represent the fuzzy relationships (roles and rules) among every context and its semantic concepts. We use an abduction engine based on βeta function as a membership function for fuzzy rules. Third, a deduction engine is used to handle richer results in our video indexing system by running the proposed fuzzy ontology. Experiments on TRECVID 2010 benchmark have been performed to evaluate the performance of this approach. The obtained results show consistent improvement in semantic concepts detection, when a context space is used, and a good degree of indexing effectiveness as compared to existing approaches.
Web service matching for RESTful web services (2011)

There is a growing number of web services available on the Internet, providing a wide range of functionalities. This diversity introduces a variety of new challenges in the field of software engineering - service discovery, integration, and composition, all of which require, to some extent, “service matching”. Web-service matching (or alignment) is the task of mapping the functionalities of two web services, assuming that these functionalities overlap somewhat. In this paper we propose a novel graph-theoretic approach, called Semantic Flow Matching (SFM), for matching REST web services, specified in WADL (Web Application Description Language). The method builds a heterogeneous network of WADL elements and semantically related terms, and uses this network to match similar functionalities of different web services. The method is implemented in a prototype tool that consists of two modules: a converter and a mapper; where the converter wraps the REST web services in WADL format and the mapper module matches web services based on their semantics extracted from the WADL interface build by the converter. We demonstrate the potential of the approach with a small case study.