gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised Deep Transfer Learning-Based Change Detection for HR Multispectral Images (2020)

To overcome the limited capability of most state-of-the-art change detection (CD) methods in modeling spatial context of multispectral high spatial resolution (HR) images and exploiting all spectral bands jointly, this letter presents a novel unsupervised deep-learning-based CD method that can effectively model contextual information and handle the large number of bands in multispectral HR images. This is achieved by exploiting all spectral bands after grouping them into spectral-dedicated band groups. To eliminate the necessity of multitemporal training data, the proposed method exploits a data set targeted for image classification to train spectral-dedicated Auxiliary Classifier Generative Adversarial Networks (ACGANs). They are used to obtain pixelwise deep change hypervector from multitemporal images. Each feature in deep change hypervector is analyzed based on the magnitude to identify changed pixels. An ensemble decision fusion strategy is used to combine change information from different features. Experimental results on the urban, Alpine, and agricultural Sentinel-2 data sets confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Knockdown of NLRP3 alleviates high glucose or TGFB1-induced EMT in human renal tubular cells (2018)

Tubular injury is one of the crucial determinants of progressive renal failure in diabetic nephropathy (DN), while epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tubular cells contributes to the accumulation of matrix protein in the diabetic kidney. Activation of the nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome leads to the maturation of interleukin (IL)-1B and is involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of diabetes. In this study, we explored the role of NLRP3 inflammasome on high glucose (HG) or transforming growth factor-B1 (TGFB1)-induced EMT in HK-2 cells. We evaluated EMT through the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and E-cadherin as well as the induction of a myofibroblastic phenotype. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed using the confocal microscopy. HG was shown to induce EMT at 48 h, which was blocked by NLRP3 silencing or antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). We found that NLRP3 interference could inhibit HG-induced ROS. Knockdown of NLRP3 could prevent HG-induced EMT by inhibiting the phosphorylation of SMAD3, P38 MAPK and ERK1/2. In addition, P38 MAPK and ERK1/2 might be involved in HG-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Besides, TGFB1 induced the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and the generation of ROS, which were blocked by NLRP3 interference or NAC. Tubular cells exposed to TGFB1 also underwent EMT, and this could be inhibited by NLRP3 shRNA or NAC. These results indicated that knockdown of NLRP3 antagonized HG-induced EMT by inhibiting ROS production, phosphorylation of SMAD3, P38MAPK and ERK1/2, highlighting NLRP3 as a potential therapy target for diabetic nephropathy.
Electrochemical and ESR Spectroscopic Study of 2,7-Disubstituted Phenazines. (1996)

Cyclic voltammetry (CV) for 2, 7-disubstituted phenazines (1mM, MeO (1), EtO (2), H (3), Cl (4), Br (5), COOEt (6)) was carried out in acetonitrile containing trifluoroacetic acid (TFA, 1% and 2%) and NaClO4 (0.1M) as a supporting electrolyte under N2 gas. Phenazines showed two cathodic peaks (Epc1 and Epc2) and these peaks had counterparts (Epa1 and Epa2, respectively). Plots of the peak potentials against σp were linear. The first cathodic wave corresponds to the reduction of singly protonated phenazines followed by proton transfer. The second cathodic wave corresponds to the reduction of the cation radical of dihydrophenazines to produce dihydrophenazine as a final product.ESR spectrometry of 1-6 in acetonitrile and in acetonitrile containing 1% TFA was conducted and computer simulation of the spectra was carried out. Splitting due to halogen or o-alkyl substituents was observed. Molecular orbital (MO) calculation of anion radicals generated from 1-6 and cation radicals generated from doubly protonated 1-6 did not give good agreement with the results of ESR spectrometry.
A Small Molecule That Represses Translation of G-Quadruplex-Containing mRNA (2016)

The G-quadruplexes form highly stable nucleic acid structures, which are implicated in various biological processes in both DNA and RNA. Although DNA G-quadruplexes have been studied in great detail, biological roles of RNA G-quadruplexes have received less attention. Here, a screening of a chemical library permitted identification of a small-molecule tool that binds selectively to RNA G-quadruplex structures. The polyaromatic molecule, RGB-1, stabilizes RNA G-quadruplex, but not DNA versions or other RNA structures. RGB-1 intensified the G-quadruplex-mediated inhibition of RNA translation in mammalian cells, decreased expression of the NRAS proto-oncogene in breast cancer cells, and permitted identification of a novel sequence that forms G-quadruplex in NRAS mRNA. RGB-1 may serve as a unique tool for understanding cellular roles of RNA G-quadruplex structures.
Automated scoring of CDMAM: a dose study (2003)

Digital mammography detectors have a large linear dynamic range that allows dose optimization. CD-MAM phantom is widely used in image quality assessment on mammography systems. Currently human readers score the phantom, which is time-consuming and leads to intra and inter observer variability. We discuss the design and validation of an algorithm based on the Non-Prewhitening Matched Filter observer that intends to replace human observers in the task of CDMAM 3.4 phantom scoring. Correlation between both observers has been evaluated through a dose study. Correlation has been established between scores obtained by both observers. The algorithm presents a higher sensitivity and a better discrimination power to dose variations, which makes automated scoring of CDMAM phantom a potential tool, free of observer variability, for quality control in screening mammography.
Bimanual microincisional phacoemulsification: the future of cataract surgery? (2005)

Bimanual phacoemulsification has been a potential technique for a number of years, but only recently have the technology, software, and technique advanced sufficiently to make bimanual phacoemulsification a feasible method of cataract extraction. Although the main disadvantage to bimanual phacoemulsification remains the lack of intraocular lenses that can fit through microincisions, necessitating the enlargement of corneal wounds for intraocular lens implantation, bimanual phacoemulsification has a number of advantages over traditional small-incision phacoemulsification. Theses advantages have been a source of interest for cataract surgeons and surgical companies who are now developing technologies that will permit the performance of truly microincisional cataract surgery.
A type system for algebraic database programming languages (1989)

This paper presents a type system for logic programs which is intended to serve as the basis for algebraic database programming languages. This type system supports user—defined types, parametric polymorphism, union types, and subtypes. It has a particularly interesting treatment of type equivalence and the subtype relationship: predefined type constructors) such as union, are treated structurally and user—defined type constructors, such as list, are treated “by name”. Milner—style type inference rules for logic programs) which can be used to develop type—checking algorithms) are presented.
VizioMetrix (2016)

We present VizioMetrix, a platform that extracts visual information from the scientific literature and makes it available for use in new information retrieval applications and for studies that look at patterns of visual information across millions of papers. New ideas are conveyed visually in the scientific literature through figures --- diagrams, photos, visualizations, tables --- but these visual elements remain ensconced in the surrounding paper and difficult to use directly to facilitate information discovery tasks or longitudinal analytics. Very few applications in information retrieval, academic search, or bibliometrics make direct use of the figures, and none attempt to recognize and exploit the type of figure, which can be used to augment interactions with a large corpus of scholarly literature.
THE PREPARATION OF THE SODIUM SALTS OF OMEGA-HYDROXYBUTYRIC, -VALERIC AND -CAPROIC ACIDS (1929)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE PREPARATION OF THE SODIUM SALTS OF OMEGA-HYDROXYBUTYRIC, -VALERIC AND -CAPROIC ACIDSC. S. Marvel and E. R. BirkhimerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1929, 51, 1, 260–262Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1929Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1929https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01376a032Request reuse permissionsArticle Views658Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (210 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Aripiprazole Intramuscular Depot as Maintenance Treatment in Patients With Schizophrenia (2012)

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00705783.
Generating cartesian products of two sets on a shuffle‐exchange network (1989)

Abstract This paper describes a method which generates all elements of a Cartesian product of two sets, using the shuffle‐exchange network. Often, processing appears which requires all elements of the Cartesian product in various fields in computer science as well as set manipulations in mathematics. Consequently, this operation can be considered to be one of the most fundamental. In this paper, the Cartesian product of two sets with N /2 elements is generated by an N ‐input, N /2‐stage shuffle‐exchange network by assigning the switching element to each element of the Cartesian product. The experimental derivation of the realization method and the result of the experiment are described. In the derivation of the realization method, some properties of the shuffle‐exchange network are discussed. In the realization of the Cartesian product by an N /2‐stage shuffle‐exchange network, no redundant switching element is used. Consequently, the method shown in this paper is optimal.
Phytochrome A null mutants of Arabidopsis display a wild-type phenotype in white light. (1993)

Phytochrome is a family of photoreceptors that regulates plant photomorphogenesis; the best-characterized member of this family is phytochrome A. Here, we report the identification of novel mutations at three Arabidopsis loci (fhy1, fhy2, and fhy3) that confer an elongated hypocotyl in far-red but not in white light. fhy2 mutants are phytochrome A deficient, have reduced or undetectable levels of PHYA transcripts, and contain structural alterations within the PHYA gene. When grown in white light, fhy2 mutants are morphologically indistinguishable from wild-type plants. Thus, phytochrome A appears to be dispensable in white light-grown Arabidopsis plants. fhy2 alleles confer partially dominant phenotypes in far-red light, suggesting that the relative abundance of phytochrome A can affect the extent of the far-red-mediated hypocotyl growth inhibition response. Plants homozygous for the recessive fhy1 and fhy3 mutations have normal levels of functional phytochrome A. The FHY1 and FHY3 gene products may be responsible for the transduction of the far-red light signal from phytochrome A to downstream processes involved in hypocotyl growth regulation.
Syntheses of Cholinergic Compounds. III (1960)

Amino- and dimethylamino-α, ω-diphenylalkanes possessing normal alkyl chain of 1-5 carbon atoms and an amino or dimethylamino group on either end of the chain, and their methiodides were prepared, and resolution of the compounds possessing asymmetric carbon atom into optical antipodes was attempted as tartrates. The compounds possessing a substituent in the carbon adjacent to the phenyl group were successfully resolved but those with the substituent bonded to the same carbon as that carrying the phenyl group could not be resolved.Antihistamine and anticholinergic activity of these compounds was examined by the Magnus method. Pharmacological action of these compounds became stronger with increasing number of carbon atoms in the 3-alkyl group, becoming maximum at alkyls of 3-5 carbon atoms, and becoming weaker thereafter. Among the methiodides, the compound with alkyl group with 1 carbon atom showed cholinergic activity, the action became anticholinergic in that with 2 carbon atoms, and the anticholinergic action became stronger with the increase of carbons from 3 to 5. This is in good agreement with observations made in the case of N, N, N-trimethyl salts. In compounds having the same number of carbon atoms, the pharmacological activity became stronger as the position of substituent became closer to the phenyl group. The foregoing experimental results are in good agreement with those obtained by Ogata and on local anesthetic acitivity of amino compounds.
Ferroresonant converters with high-frequency drive (1983)

Ferroresonant type dc-to-dc converters driven by 500kHz are presented. Means to reduce the switching loss in the transistor inverter and to reduce the dissipation in the regulation circuit are discussed.
Purification of Murine and Feline Type-C Virus Envelope Polypeptides as Micellar Protein Complexes (1981)

A technique originally described for the isolation of Friend leukaemia virus envelope polypeptides [1] yields equivalent structures from Moloney leukaemia. AKR and BALB/c xenotropic virus as well as feline leukaemia virus. The envelope polypeptides are obtained as micellar protein complexes, named rosettes. Rosettes of the five mammalian type-C viruses examined are indistinguishable by electron microscopy. Separation of these aggregates in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions reveals a glycoprotein of about 85000 d as their major component. Tryptic peptide analyses identify the viral origin of these polypeptides and emphasize strain specific differences in their primary structure.
Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of Hunter Syndrome for clinicians in Latin America (2014)

This review aims to provide clinicians in Latin America with the most current information on the clinical aspects, diagnosis, and management of Hunter syndrome, a serious and progressive disease for which specific treatment is available. Hunter syndrome is a genetic disorder where iduronate-2-sulfatase (I2S), an enzyme that degrades glycosaminoglycans, is absent or deficient. Clinical manifestations vary widely in severity and involve multiple organs and tissues. An attenuated and a severe phenotype are recognized depending on the degree of cognitive impairment. Early diagnosis is vital for disease management. Clinical signs common to children with Hunter syndrome include inguinal hernia, frequent ear and respiratory infections, facial dysmorphisms, macrocephaly, bone dysplasia, short stature, sleep apnea, and behavior problems. Diagnosis is based on screening urinary glycosaminoglycans and confirmation by measuring I2S activity and analyzing I2S gene mutations. Idursulfase (recombinant I2S) (Elaprase(®), Shire) enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), designed to address the underlying enzyme deficiency, is approved treatment and improves walking capacity and respiratory function, and reduces spleen and liver size and urinary glycosaminoglycan levels. Additional measures, responding to the multi-organ manifestations, such as abdominal/inguinal hernia repair, carpal tunnel surgery, and cardiac valve replacement, should also be considered. Investigational treatment options such as intrathecal ERT are active areas of research, and bone marrow transplantation is in clinical practice. Communication among care providers, social workers, patients and families is essential to inform and guide their decisions, establish realistic expectations, and assess patients' responses.
Physiological Roles of Asialoglycoprotein Receptors (ASGPRs) Variants and Recent Advances in Hepatic-Targeted Delivery of Therapeutic Molecules Via ASGPRs (2014)

The asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) is a high-capacity C-type lectin receptor mainly expressed on mammalian hepatic cells. The physiological function of ASGPR has not been completely clarified and is thought to be specific binding and internalization of galactose (Gal) or N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-terminating glycoproteins by hepatocytes. The human ASGPR is comprised of two homologous polypeptides, H1 and H2. ASGPR H1 has two splice variants (H1a and H1b) and ASGPR H2 has three splice variants (H2a, H2b, and H2c). These variants have been discovered to exist both in human liver tissues and in human hepatoma cells. Variant H1b, which has an in-frame deletion of exon 2 resulting in the loss of the transmembrane domain and is secreted as a soluble protein, encodes functional soluble ASGPR (s- ASGPR). Based on our previous results, we proposed the possible physiological function of s-ASGPR, which is well interpreted in the Galactosyl Homeostasis Hypothesis proposed by Weigel. ASGPR is one of the most promising targets for hepatic delivery. In this review, the recent progresses of cationic polysomes and liposomes as effective non-viral delivery system via ASGPR are also presented.
Light-emitting polymer space-charge-limited transistor (2008)

Polymer light-emitting transistor is realized by vertically stacking a top-emitting polymer light-emitting diode on a polymer space-charge-limited transistor. The transistor modulates the current flow of the light-emitting diode by the metal-grid base voltage. The active semiconductor of the transistor is poly(3-hexylthiophene). Yellow poly(para-phenylene vinylene) derivative is used as the yellow emitting material. As the cathode is fixed at −12 V and the grid base voltage varies from 0.9 to −0.9 V the light emission is turned on and off with on luminance up to 1208 cd/m2. The current efficiency of the light-emitting transistor is 10 cd/A.
Neuromuscular Training Improves Single-Limb Stability in Young Female Athletes (2004)

Study Design: Controlled single-group pretest/posttest design. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if a 6-week neuromuscular training program designed to decrease the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries would improve single-limb postural stability in young female athletes. We hypothesized neuromuscular training would result in an improvement in postural stability, with the greatest improvement taking place in the medial-lateral direction. Background: Balance training has become a common component of programs designed to prevent ACL injury. Rehabilitation programs can improve postural stability following ACL injury and reconstruction; however, there is limited information available which quantifies improvement of postural stability following neuromuscular training designed to prevent ACL injuries in a healthy population. Methods and Measures: Forty-one healthy female high school athletes (mean age, 15.3 years; age range, 13–17 years) participated in this study. Single-limb postural stability for both lower extremities was assessed with a Biodex Stability System. The neuromuscular training program consisted of three 90-minute training sessions per week for 6 weeks. Following the completion of the training program, each subject was re-evaluated to determine change in total, anteriorposterior, and medial-lateral single-limb stability. Two-way analysis of variance models were used to determine differences between pretraining and posttraining and between limbs. Results: The subjects showed a significant improvement in single-limb total stability (P = .004) and anterior-posterior stability (P = .001), but not medial-lateral stability (P = .650) for both the right and left lower extremity following training. In addition, the subjects demonstrated significantly better total postural stability on the right side as compared to the left (P = .026). Conclusions: A 6-week neuromuscular training program designed to decrease the incidence of ACL injuries improves objective measures of total and anterior-posterior single-limb postural stability in high school female athletes. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2004;34:305–316.
A soft decision-directed blind equalization algorithm applied to equalization of mobile communication channels (2003)

A new approach to decision-directed (DD) blind equalization is introduced based on a neural network classification technique. The new DD algorithm, the soft decision-directed equalization algorithm, is most effective for reconstructing binary phase shift keying and quadrature phase shift keying signals. The new DD blind equalizer can converge in closed eye situations. In the simulations, the performance of the soft DD algorithm was illustrated by applying it to a two-dimensional digital mobile communications system. A time-varying multipath fading channel model was used as the transmission medium. The performance of the soft DD blind equalization algorithm is compared to that of the standard DD algorithm, the maximum-level-error (MLE) algorithm, and the fast recursive least squares decision-feedback equalization (FRLS-DFE) algorithm. The simulation results demonstrate the improvement in performance achievable with the proposed soft DD equalization algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Expressed Sequence Tag Analysis of the Human Pathogen <i>Paracoccidioides brasiliensis</i> Yeast Phase: Identification of Putative Homologues of <i>Candida albicans</i> Virulence and Pathogenicity Genes (2003)

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, a thermodimorphic fungus, is the causative agent of the prevalent systemic mycosis in Latin America, paracoccidioidomycosis. We present here a survey of expressed genes in the yeast pathogenic phase of P. brasiliensis. We obtained 13,490 expressed sequence tags from both 5' and 3' ends. Clustering analysis yielded the partial sequences of 4,692 expressed genes that were functionally classified by similarity to known genes. We have identified several Candida albicans virulence and pathogenicity homologues in P. brasiliensis. Furthermore, we have analyzed the expression of some of these genes during the dimorphic yeast-mycelium-yeast transition by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Clustering analysis of the mycelium-yeast transition revealed three groups: (i) RBT, hydrophobin, and isocitrate lyase; (ii) malate dehydrogenase, contigs Pb1067 and Pb1145, GPI, and alternative oxidase; and (iii) ubiquitin, delta-9-desaturase, HSP70, HSP82, and HSP104. The first two groups displayed high mRNA expression in the mycelial phase, whereas the third group showed higher mRNA expression in the yeast phase. Our results suggest the possible conservation of pathogenicity and virulence mechanisms among fungi, expand considerably gene identification in P. brasiliensis, and provide a broader basis for further progress in understanding its biological peculiarities.