gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SU‐C‐18C‐03: Dual‐Energy X‐Ray Fluoroscopy Imaging System (2014)

Purpose: This work studies the clinical utility of dual energy (DE) subtraction fluoroscopy for fiducial‐free tumor tracking in lung radiation therapy (RT). Improvement in tumor visualization and quantification of tumor shift within a breathing cycle were analyzed. Methods: Twenty subjects who were undergoing RT for lung cancer were recruited following institutional review board approval. The subjects had a range of tumor sizes, locations in the lungs, and body sizes. An x‐ray imaging system was setup with the following components: (a) x‐ray tube (Varian G‐242, Varian Medical Systems (VMS), CA) (b) flat panel detector (4030CB, VMS, CA) and (c) x‐ray generator (EPS 50RF, EMD, Canada). Firmware and software modifications were made to the generator to allow 10 x‐ray pulse pairs with alternating low/high kV, 100 ms apart for ∼4s (one breathing cycle). Images were obtained at 4 angles: 0°, 45°, 90° and 135°. Weighted subtraction of a kV‐pair image set was used to create a “bone‐free” image of the lungs. The 2D tumor‐shift in each subtracted image and the 3D shift during a breathing cycle was calculated using all views. Results: The subjects enrolled had the following statistics: average age 62.3±7.1 years, 5 female/15 male, 11 had tumors on the right and 9 on the left and the average tumor size was ∼31.4±10.8 mm. X‐ray imaging conditions for the pulse pairs were: 70/120 kVp, 280/221 mA and 65/8 ms. For views where these parameters were insufficient 80/130 kVp, 280/221 mA and 60/12 ms was used. Tumor visibility improved for 0°, 45°, 90° and 135° in 100%, 55%, 75% and 80% of the cases respectively. Tumor shift during a breathing cycle was: 2.4±1.0 mm AP, 2.7±1.4 mm LR and 7.6±4.8 mm IS. Conclusion: DE subtraction fluoroscopy allowed improved visualization and quantification of movement of tumors in the lungs during a breathing cycle. This study was entirely funded by Varian Medical Systems
An Exploratory Analysis on Visual Counterfeits Using Conv-LSTM Hybrid Architecture (2020)

In recent years, with the advancements in the Deep Learning realm, it has been easy to create and generate synthetically the face swaps from GANs and other tools, which are very realistic, leaving few traces which are unclassifiable by human eyes. These are known as `DeepFakes' and most of them are anchored in video formats. Such realistic fake videos and images are used to create a ruckus and affect the quality of public discourse on sensitive issues; defaming one's profile, political distress, blackmailing and many more fake cyber terrorisms are envisioned. This work proposes a microscopic-typo comparison of video frames. This temporal-detection pipeline compares very minute visual traces on the faces of real and fake frames using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and stores the abnormal features for training. A total of 512 facial landmarks were extracted and compared. Parameters such as eye-blinking lip-synch; eyebrows movement, and position, are few main deciding factors that classify into real or counterfeit visual data. The Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) pipeline learns based on these features-fed inputs and then evaluates the visual data. The model was trained with the network of videos consisting of their real and fake, collected from multiple websites. The proposed algorithm and designed network set a new benchmark for detecting the visual counterfeits and show how this system can achieve competitive results on any fake generated video or image.
Dye–Surfactant Interaction: Modulation of Photophysics of an Ionic Styryl Dye (2009)

Abstract The interesting modulation of multibond rotation–induced intramolecular charge transfer photophysics of 2‐(4‐(dimethylamino) styryl)‐1‐methylpyridinium iodide in different micelles due to different contributions of twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) and hydrogen bonding deactivation channels have been reported in this paper. 2‐(4‐(dimethylamino) styryl)‐1‐methylpyridinium iodide enters into all the micelles in different positions from the water solution due to active hydrophobic force and electrostatic field, as revealed from the shift and intensity of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) band. The presence of mechanically trapped water with the addition of salt and inherent thermodynamic water controls the ICT emission. Analysis of spectral data before and after the addition of salt confirms the orientation of 2‐(4‐(dimethylamino) styryl)‐1‐methylpyridinium iodide in cationic and anionic micelles.
Regeneration of Enzyme Activity by Air Oxidation of Reduced Subtilisin-Modified Ribonuclease (1961)

Fully reduced bovine ribonuclease, a molecule which probably exists in a random coil configuration (1, 2)) will, under the influence of molecular oxygen alone, oxidize to form an organized, enzymatically active product in high yield (3, 4). This material seems indistinguishable on the basis of physical properties from native ribonuclease (RNase) . These observations suggest that the information determining not only the covalent structure, but also the secondary and tertiary structure of the molecule, is contained in the amino acid sequence itself. It is of interest to determine which portions of the sequence are most necessary for correct refolding. The reduction and subsequent oxidation of subtilisin-modified RNasei has, therefore, been studied in an attempt to obtain at least a partial answer to this question. The results described below indicate that after removal of 20 of the 124 residues which form the RNase chain, an enzymatically active product may be produced by oxidation of the fully reduced derivative.
Contact Angle of Water on Polymer Surfaces (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTContact Angle of Water on Polymer SurfacesT. Yasuda, T. Okuno, and H. YasudaCite this: Langmuir 1994, 10, 7, 2435–2439Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00019a068https://doi.org/10.1021/la00019a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7193Altmetric-Citations132LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of Conditional Overexpression of Spermidine/Spermine N 1-Acetyltransferase on Polyamine Pool Dynamics, Cell Growth, and Sensitivity to Polyamine Analogs (2000)

Acetylation of polyamines by spermidine/spermine N(1)-acetyltransferase (SSAT) has been implicated in their degradation and/or export out of the cell. The relationship of SSAT to polyamine pool dynamics and cell growth is not yet clearly understood. MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells were transfected with tetracycline-regulated (Tet-off) SSAT human cDNA or murine gene. Doxycycline removal for >2 days caused a approximately 20-fold increase in SSAT RNA and a approximately 10-fold increase in enzyme activity. After 4 days, intracellular putrescine and spermidine pools were markedly lowered, and cell growth was inhibited. Growth inhibition could not be prevented with exogenous polyamines due to a previously unrecognized ability of SSAT to rapidly acetylate influxing polyamines and thereby prevent restoration of the endogenous pools. Instead, cells accumulated high levels of N(1)-acetylspermidine, N(1)-acetylspermine, and N(1), N(12)-diacetylspermine, a metabolite not previously reported in mammalian cells. Doxycycline deprivation before treatment with N(1), N(11)-diethylnorspermine markedly increased analog induction of SSAT mRNA and activity and enhanced growth sensitivity to the analog by approximately 100-fold. Overall, the findings demonstrate that conditional overexpression of SSAT lowers polyamine pools, inhibits cell growth, and markedly enhances growth sensitivity to certain analogs. The enzyme also plays a remarkably efficient role in maintaining polyamine pool homeostasis during challenges with exogenous polyamines.
Two-dimensional magnetism and spin-size effect in the<i>S</i>= 1 triangular antiferromagnet NiGa<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> (2011)

The triangular antiferromagnet is one of the most fundamental systems of geometrically frustrated magnets. NiGa(2)S(4) is a layered chalcogenide compound with an equilateral triangular lattice, and it is a prime candidate for an S = 1 triangular antiferromagnet. Here we focus on low temperature magnetism in NiGa(2)S(4), where quasi-static spins develop a spin-wave-like mode without forming any long-range ordering. We have studied low temperature magnetism of both polycrystalline samples and single crystals of Ni(1 - x)A(x)Ga(2)S(4) (A = Mn, Fe, Co, and Zn). A scaling law with a single energy scale of the Weiss temperature is found as an impurity effect and a hydrostatic pressure effect, providing evidence that it is in-plane interactions in the two-dimensional NiS(2) plane that drive the critical slowing down to the viscous spin liquid state at T(*) = 8.5 K and the spin-wave-like excitations of NiGa(2)S(4) that emerge below T ∼ 3 K. Furthermore, we find spin-size dependent impurity effects in the temperature dependence of the specific heat of Ni(1 - x)A(x)Ga(2)S(4). Even with a high impurity content, Zn(2+) (S = 0) and Fe(2+) (S = 2) substituted systems with weak XY anisotropy and integral spins retain the quadratic temperature dependence of the magnetic specific heat like pure NiGa(2)S(4). A spin glass-like phase, on the other hand, emerges at low temperatures with the substitution of magnetic impurities with half-odd integer spins: Ising Co(2+) (S = (3/2)) and weak XY Mn(2+) S = (5/2)) spins. This indicates that an integer size of spins is important for stabilizing the two-dimensional spin-wave-like behavior, and the unconventional spin state of NiGa(2)S(4) at low temperatures is distinct from a canonical spin glass.
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction and Basic Hydrolysis of 5‐Oxoindeno(1,2‐b)pyridinium Salts. (1987)

Abstract Reduction of the oxoindenopyridinium perchlorates (I) with sodium borohydride yields the dihydro derivatives (II).
Full image-processing pipeline in field-programmable gate array for a small endoscopic camera (2017)

Endoscopy is an imaging procedure used for diagnosis as well as for some surgical purposes. The camera used for the endoscopy should be small and able to produce a good quality image or video, to reduce discomfort of the patients, and to increase the efficiency of the medical team. To achieve these fundamental goals, a small endoscopy camera with a footprint of 1 mm×1 mm×1.65 mm is used. Due to the physical properties of the sensors and human vision system limitations, different image-processing algorithms, such as noise reduction, demosaicking, and gamma correction, among others, are needed to faithfully reproduce the image or video. A full image-processing pipeline is implemented using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) to accomplish a high frame rate of 60 fps with minimum processing delay. Along with this, a viewer has also been developed to display and control the image-processing pipeline. The control and data transfer are done by a USB 3.0 end point in the computer. The full developed system achieves real-time processing of the image and fits in a Xilinx Spartan-6LX150 FPGA.
Ink recognition based on statistical classification methods (2006)

Statistical classification methods can be applied to images of historical manuscripts in order to characterize the various kinds of inks used. As these methods do not require destructive sampling they can be applied to the study of old and fragile manuscripts. Analysis of manuscript inks based on statistical analysis can be applied in situ, to provide important information for the authenticity, dating and origin of manuscripts. This paper describes a methodology and related algorithms used to interpret the photometric properties of inks and produce computational models which classify diverse types of inks found in Byzantine-era manuscripts. Various optical properties of these inks are extracted by the analysis of digital images taken in the visible and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The inks are modelled based on their grey-level and colour information using a mixture of Gaussian functions and classified using Bayes' decision rule
A waveform engineered power amplifier design for envelope tracking (2014)

A novel load network design for limited harmonic manipulations to implement a transmission line waveform engineered radio frequency power amplifier for LTE applications is presented in this paper, with the target to achieve quasi-linear efficiency during power back-offs with harmonic iteration. The topology selection was based on accurate large signal modeling and simulation to obtain optimum microstrip line design controlling the 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> and 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> order harmonics at the transistor output terminal. The design was implemented using the Cree CGH40010F GaN HEMT at 2.14GHz. It provides a continuous wave (CW) drain efficiency of 73.7% at a saturated output power of 40.7dBm at a fixed 30V supply, but it was optimized for linearization with LTE 64QAM 20MHz modulated signal with a power-added efficiency (PAE) of 42.7% at an average output power of 34.9dBm with linearity meeting 3GPP specifications, as well as envelope tracking with almost 70% power added efficiency from the same PA.
Heat Activatable 3'-modified dNTPs: Synthesis and Application for Hot Start PCR (2008)

Several 3'-ether and 3'-ester derivatives of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphates (dNTPs) were prepared. These dNTP derivatives were not substrates for DNA polymerase and did not support primer extension at room temperature. However, by short pre-heating to 95 degrees C in PCR buffer, these 3'-modified dNTPs can be converted to corresponding unmodified natural dNTPs that efficiently support PCR amplification. The analysis of PCR products obtained with 3'-modified dNTPs revealed a significant improvement in PCR performance resulting in higher amplicon yield and reduced formation of off-target products (mis-priming and primer dimer). Among the studied 3'-modified dNTPs, the 3'-tetrahydrofuranyl derivatives showed the best results.
Channel length effect on the saturation current and the threshold voltages of CNTFET (2014)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are such promising material in future microelectronic devices due to their great property in conductivity, mechanical strength and light weight. Field effect transistor (FET) has already come to its most maximum efficiency because of their reduced size leads to decrease in their capability in conducting electric. It is interested to embed ballistic electron transfer capability of CNTs on FET. In this study, direct growth method of CNTs was employed to attach it on FET electrodes with various terminal gaps. The results show that CNTFET has successfully fabricated, with averaged saturation currents always lowest at the channel size of 15μm. While their highest measured threshold voltage value is 4.291 V at 15 μm gap. This phenomenon is attributed to the change of CNTs' chirality, which apparently changes the metallic type of CNTs to the semiconducting CNTs.
Decoupled-IFTTT: Constraining Privilege in Trigger-Action Platforms for the Internet of Things (2017)

Trigger-Action platforms are an emerging class of web-based systems that enable users to create automation rules (or recipes) of the form, "If there is a smoke alarm, then turn off my oven." These platforms stitch together various online services including Internet of Things devices, social networks, and productivity tools by obtaining OAuth tokens on behalf of users. Unfortunately, these platforms also introduce a long-term security risk: If they are compromised, the attacker can misuse the OAuth tokens belonging to millions of users to arbitrarily manipulate their devices and data. In this work, we first quantify the risk users face in the context of If-This-Then-That (IFTTT). We perform the first empirical analysis of the OAuth-based authorization model of IFTTT using semi-automated tools that we built to overcome the challenges of IFTTT's closed source nature and of online service API inconsistencies. We find that 75% of IFTTT's channels, an abstraction of online services, use overprivileged OAuth tokens, increasing risks in the event of a compromise. Even if the OAuth tokens were to be privileged correctly, IFTTT's compromise will not prevent their misuse. Motivated by this empirical analysis, we design and evaluate Decoupled-IFTTT (dIFTTT), the first trigger-action platform where users do not have to give it highly-privileged access to their online services. Our design pushes the notion of fine-grained OAuth tokens to its extreme and ensures that even if the cloud service is controlled by the attacker, it cannot misuse the OAuth tokens to invoke unauthorized actions. Our evaluation establishes that dIFTTT poses modest overhead: it adds less than 15ms of latency to recipe execution time, and reduces throughput by 2.5%.
A new flyback DC-to -three-phase converter with sinusoidal outputs (1983)

Systematic extension of any dc-to-dc converter leads to its dc-to-three-phase equivalent characterized by sinusoidal output voltages and fast dynamic responses. This genralization principle is illustrated for the special case of the flyback topology. State-space averaging has modeled with a high degree of accuracy the performance of dc-to-dc converters. Here it is combined with the stationary-to-rotating coordinate transformation, customarily used in plyphase ac systems, to results in an effective analysis method for switched-mode dc-to-polyphase converters.
Erythropoietin, but Not Asialoerythropoietin or Carbamyl-Erythropoietin, Attenuates Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats (2012)

Erythropoietin (EPO) has long been utilized for the treatment of renal anemia. The erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) is also expressed in the cardiovascular and central nervous systems in addition to an erythroid lineage, to provide an organoprotective role against several types of cellular stress. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a poor prognostic disease caused by primary and secondary pulmonary vascular injury. We observed the effects of EPO derivatives on monocrotaline-induced PH in rats on the supposition that EPO may protect small arteries from injury. Asialoerythropoietin (AEPO) lacks sialic acids in the termini of carbohydrate chains that results in rapid clearance from blood. Carbamyl-erythropoietin (CEPO) interacts with EPOR/βc heterodimers, but not with EPOR homodimers expressed in erythroid cells. Monocrotaline-injected rats were treated with continuous intravenous injection of 2500 ng/kg/day of EPO, AEPO, or CEPO for 21 days, and lung histology, cardiac function, and mRNA expression in the lungs were examined. Wall thickening of small arteries in the lungs and PH were improved by administration of EPO, but not by its non-hematopoietic derivatives, AEPO, or CEPO. Erythropoietin administration increased mRNA expression of the anti-apoptotic molecule, Bcl-xL, and maintained expression of the CD31 antigen. We conclude that lungs may express EPOR homoreceptors, but not heteroreceptors. Adequate serum erythropoietin levels may be essential for pulmonary protective effects.
c‐erbB‐2 anti‐sense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides inhibit growth and serum‐induced cell spreading of p185<sup>c‐erbB‐2</sup>‐overexpressing ovarian carcinoma cells (1995)

Overexpression of the c-erbB-2 proto-oncogene product (p185c-erbB-2) occurs frequently in different types of human cancer and is correlated with a significantly decreased survival in ovarian cancer patients. The effect of c-erbB-2 anti-sense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (S-ODNs) was examined on the ovarian cancer cell line SK-OV-3. p185c-erbB-2 levels were specifically reduced by a single-dose application of 5 microM c-erbB-2 anti-sense S-ODNs. This was accompanied by a 60% inhibition of anchorage-dependent cell growth. More strikingly, c-erbB-2 anti-sense S-ODNs almost completely abrogated serum-induced cell spreading. A control of complementary sense oligodeoxynucleotides did not show significant inhibitory effects on cell growth or on cell spreading. The inhibition of cell spreading was imitated by a monoclonal antibody (9G6) targeting the extracellular domain of p185c-erbB-2 and by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor erbstatin. The inhibitory activity of these 2 compounds was lost after a few hours, while the inhibition of serum-induced cell spreading by anti-sense S-ODNs was still present after 24 hr. Our results show that c-erbB-2 anti-sense S-ODNs effectively inhibit the mitogenic and spreading activity of p185c-erbB-2 in ovarian cancer cells. Thus, anti-sense strategies have the potential of providing new strategies for the therapy of ovarian cancer.
Precision polishing technique for optics and microwave acoustics (1966)

A simple system has been evolved for polishing crystal surfaces with an overall flatness of one-eighth of a wavelength of light and parallel to 6'' of arc. Metal laps are used throughout and materials of hardness ranging from cadmium sulphide (Moh 3) to sapphire (Moh 9) have been treated successfully.
Ligand-based protein alignment and isozyme specificity of glutathioneS-transferase inhibitors (1997)

Glutathione S-transferases (GST, E.C.2.5.1.18) comprise a family of detoxification enzymes. Elevated levels of specific GST isozymes in tumor cells are thought responsible for resistance to chemotherapeutics, which renders selective GST inhibitors potentially useful pharmaceutical agents. We discuss the development of a structure activity model that rationalizes the isozyme selectivity observed in a series of 12 glutathione (GSH) analogues. Enzymatic activity data was determined for human P1-1, A1-1, and M2-2 isozymes, and these data were then considered in light of structural features of these three GST proteins. A survey of all GST structures in the PDB revealed that GSH binds to these proteins in a single "bioactive" conformation. To focus on differences between binding sites, we exploited our finding of a common GSH conformation and aligned the GST x-ray structures using bound ligands rather than the backbones of the different proteins. Once aligned, binding site lipophilicity and electrostatic potentials were computed, visualized, and compared. Docking and energy minimization exercises provided additional refinements to a model of selectivity developed initially by visual analysis. Our results suggest that binding site shape and lipophilic character are key determinants of GST isozyme selectivity for close GSH analogues.