gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Strength Al&ndash;V&ndash;M (M=Fe, Co or Ni) Alloys Containing High Volume Fraction of Nanoscale Amorphous Precipitates (1995)

A new nonequilibrium structure consisting of nanoscale amorphous particles surrounded by fcc-Al phase was found to form in the Al94V4M2 (M=Fe or Co) and Al93V5Ni2 alloys rapidly solidified at the circumferential velocity of 40 m/s. The deviation of the alloy component and the decrease in the circumferential velocity of the melt-spinning roll results in the formation of nanoscale mixed structures of fcc-Al plus icosahedral (I) phases or the fcc-Al plus I plus amorphous phases. The sizes of the amorphous and fcc-Al phase regions are about 10 nm and 7 nm, respectively, for the Al–V–Fe alloy and about 25 nm and 20 nm respectively, for the Al–V–Co alloy. The formation of the nanoscale amorphous particles in coexistence with the Al phase is presumably due to the suppression of the transition of supercooled liquid to I-phase resulting from the retardation of the diffusivity of the solute elements. The highest tensile strength reaches as high as 1390 MPa for the mixed phase Al94V4Fe2 alloy and decreases significantly by the transition to I plus fcc-Al phases. The high tensile strength is presumed to result from the formation of the nanoscale mixed structure consiting of nanoscale amorphous and Al phases in which the Al phase has enriched solute concentrations and contains a high density of interphase boundaries. The first success of fabricating the nanoamorphous structure is particularly important for the future development of nanophase materials.
Effect of hypercapnia and PEEP on expiratory muscle EMG and shortening (1989)

The present study examined the effects of hypercapnia and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on the electromyographic (EMG) activity and tidal length changes of the expiratory muscles in 12 anesthetized, spontaneously breathing dogs. The integrated EMG activity of both abdominal (external oblique, internal oblique, rectus abdominis, and transverse abdominis) and thoracic (triangularis sterni, internal intercostal) expiratory muscles increased linearly with increasing PCO2 and PEEP. However, with both hypercapnia and PEEP, the percent increase in abdominal muscle electrical activity exceeded that of thoracic expiratory muscle activity. Both hypercapnia and PEEP increased the tidal shortening of the external oblique and rectus abdominis muscles. Changes in tidal length correlated closely with simultaneous increases in muscle electrical activity. However, during both hypercapnia and PEEP, length changes of the external oblique were significantly greater than those of the rectus abdominis. We conclude that both progressive hypercapnia and PEEP increase the electrical activity of all expiratory muscles and augment their tidal shortening but produce quantitatively different responses in the several expiratory muscles.
Synthesis of Pyrrolyl-, Indolyl-, and Carbazolylphosphanes and Their Catalytic Application as Ligands in the Hydroformylation of 2-Pentene (2001)

The synthesis of π-acceptor ligands of the type PArxR3−x (x = 0−2; R = pyrrolyl, indolyl, carbazolyl; Ar = aryl) (1−8, 10, 12, 13) and P(pyrrolyl)2(carbazolyl) (11) is described. These ligands can be prepared in good to excellent yields by treatment of the corresponding free heterocyclic amines with phosphorus chlorides in the presence of base. The utilization of pyrrolyl-, indolyl-, and carbazolylphosphanes in the rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation of 2-pentene demonstrates the influence of the ligand π-acidity on regioselectivity and activity in the hydroformylation of internal olefins. In general, increasing π-acidity of the ligand results in an increased yield of the linear oxo product. The best n/iso ratios of about 60:40 are obtained at low synthesis gas pressure (10 bar) in the presence of the P(pyrrolyl)3 (1) ligand.
Effectiveness of Valganciclovir 900 mg versus 450 mg for Cytomegalovirus Prophylaxis in Transplantation: Direct and Indirect Treatment Comparison Meta-analysis (2010)

valganciclovir 900 mg showed no superiority efficacy compared to controls (ganciclovir or preemptive) and equivalent efficacy to VGC 450 mg (statistical power: 94% and 97%, respectively) for CMV universal prophylaxis.VGC 900 mg was significantly associated with 3 times increase in the risk of leucopenia and 2 times increase in the risk of rejection compared with VGC 450 mg.
Scope and mechanisms of obesity-related renal disease (2010)

Obesity is an independent risk factor for development and progression of renal damage. Although the current therapies aimed at slowing progressive renal damage include reduction in weight and rely on inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system, the approach will likely be supplemented by interventions aimed at obesity-specific targets including adipocyte-driven cytokines and inflammatory factors.
The use of polyvinyl alcohol glutaraldehyde as solid-phase in ELISA for plague (1996)

Discs of polyvinyl alcohol cross-linked with glutaraldehyde were synthesized under acid catalysis (H2SO4). Then, the antigen F1 purified from Yersinia pestis was covalently linked to this modified polymer. Afterwards, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was established for the diagnosis of plague in rabbit and human. The best conditions for the method were achieved by using 1.3 micrograms of F1 prepared in 0.067 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.2, containing 1 M NaCl (PBS); anti-IgG peroxidase conjugate diluted 6,000 times and as a blocking agent 3% w/v skim milk in PBS. The titration of positive rabbit serum according to this procedure detected antibody concentrations up to 1:12,800 times. The present method, the conventional ELISA and passive haemagglutination assay are compared.
The IGF System (1999)

It has been over 40 years since the original report by Salmon and Daughaday demon strating that the ability of GH to stimulate sulfation of cartilage was mediated by a "sulfation factor. " In the ensu
Comparison of the Conformation, Hydrophobicity, and Model Membrane Interactions of Diphtheria Toxin to Those of Formaldehyde-Treated Toxin (Diphtheria Toxoid):  Formaldehyde Stabilization of the Native Conformation Inhibits Changes That Allow Membrane Insertion (1996)

Toxoids are inactivated protein toxins that are used in vaccines. The behavior of diphtheria toxin reacted with formaldehyde (diphtheria toxoid) was compared to that of diphtheria toxin in order to understand the nature of the changes that occur in toxoids upon protein reaction with formaldehyde. Despite the intramolecular cross-links in the toxoid, the conformations of the toxoid and the toxin were very similar in both the native and low pH-induced membrane-penetrating states as judged by fluorescence and hydrophobicity properties. However, the toxoid underwent thermal-, low-pH-, and guanidinium chloride-induced conformational changes only at more extreme conditions than needed to induce such changes in the toxin. This implies that formaldehyde modification stabilizes the native conformation relative to several conformations that involve different degrees of unfolding. The stabilization to conformational changes induced by low pH is particularly interesting because low pH induces partial unfolding of the toxin to a molten globule-like state. It was found that the toxoid only gained the ability to interact with model membrane vesicles at a lower pH than the toxin. Because low-pH-induced unfolding and membrane interaction are critical steps in the entry of diphtheria toxin into cells, the resistance of the toxoid to these changes may be linked to its lack of toxicity. The implications of these results for the construction of toxoids are discussed.
By Nature and by Custom Cursed: Transatlantic Civil Discourse and New England Cultural Production, 1620-1660 (2000)

A re-examination of New England's cultural society, in which Puritans share the stage with many other discourses.
Review of Parameter Determination for Thermal Modeling of Lithium Ion Batteries (2018)

This paper reviews different methods for determination of thermal parameters of lithium ion batteries. Lithium ion batteries are extensively employed for various applications owing to their low memory effect, high specific energy, and power density. One of the problems in the expansion of hybrid and electric vehicle technology is the management and control of operation temperatures and heat generation. Successful battery thermal management designs can lead to better reliability and performance of hybrid and electric vehicles. Thermal cycling and temperature gradients could have a considerable impact on the lifetime of lithium ion battery cells. Thermal management is critical in electric vehicles (EVs) and good thermal battery models are necessary to design proper heating and cooling systems. Consequently, it is necessary to determine thermal parameters of a single cell, such as internal resistance, specific heat capacity, entropic heat coefficient, and thermal conductivity in order to design suitable thermal management system.
A randomized controlled trial comparing fibrin glue and PlasmaJet on the raw surface of the liver after hepatic resection. (2011)

Compared to fibrin glue application, the employment of PlasmaJet on the raw surface of the liver stump led to a significant reduction of postoperative complications requiring percutaneous drainage after elective hepatectomy.
Complexing Additives to Reduce the Immiscible Phase Formed in the Hybrid ZnBr<sub>2</sub>Flow Battery (2017)

The zinc-bromine redox flow battery (RFB) is one of a very few commercially viable RFB energy storage system capable of integration with intermittent renewable energy sources to deliver improved energy management. However, due to the volatility of the electrogenerated bromine and potential for its crossover from positive to negative electrolytes, this system requires the use of quaternary ammonium complexes (N-methyl-N-ethylpyrrolidinium, (MEP)) to capture this bromine. This produces an immiscible phase with the Br2 which requires a complex network of pipes, pumps and automated controls to ensure access to the electroactive material during discharge. In this work, the use of novel quaternary ammonium complexes to capture the electrogenerated bromine but to keep it in the aqueous phase is examined. Three compounds, 1-(carboxymethyl) pyridine-1-ium, 1-(2-carboxymethyl)-1-methylmorpholin-1-ium and 1-(2-carboxymethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium, were found to successfully reduce the volume of the immiscible phase formed on complexing with the polybromide (Brx-) whilst displaying similar enthalpy of vaporisation values as that of MEP. Electrochemical analysis also revealed that these compounds did not impact on the electrode kinetics of the Br-/Brx- reaction indicating that the resulting surface film formed with these compounds behaved as a chemically modified electrode, in contrast to the surface film formed with MEP.
The Preparation and Bioactivity Research of Agaro-Oligosaccharides (2005)

Agaro-oligosaccharides were hydrolytically obtained from agar using hydrochloric acid, citric acid, and cationic exchange resin (solid acid). The FT-IR and NMR data showed that the hydrolysate has the structure of agaro-oligomers. Orthogonal matrix method was applied to optimize the preparation conditions based on α-naphthylamine end-labeled HPLC analysis method. The optimal way for oligosaccharides with different degree of polymerization (DP) was achieved by using solid acid degradation, which could give high yield and avoid solution neutralization process. Agaro-oligosaccharides with high purity were consequently obtained by activated carbon column isolation. Furthermore, the antioxidant and -glucosidase inhibitory activity of three fractions were also investigated. The result indicated that 8 % ethanol-eluted fraction showed highest activity against α-glucosidase with IC50 of 8.84 mg/mL, while 25 % ethanol-eluted fraction possessed excellent antioxidant ability.
Face tracking and recognition in low quality video sequences with the use of particle filtering (2009)

A system for parallel face detection, tracking and recognition in real-time video sequences is being developed. The paper describes its particle filtering based face recognition module, which operates on low quality video sequences and utilizes the results of the preceding phases of face detection and tracking. The temporal information from video sequence is utilized for the purpose of object tracking and identity recognition through knowledge cumulation. The performance of the solution is presented in closed-set and open-set identification scenarios.
Lymphocytotropic Strains of HIV Type 1 When Complexed with Enhancing Antibodies Can Infect Macrophages via FcγRIII, Independently of CD4 (1995)

Antipeptide sera raised against the gp120/gp41 sequences of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were used to determine their capacity to enhance infection. Antisera to the five variable regions (V1 to V5) of gp120 and conserved parts of gp120 and gp41 facilitated infection of primary human macrophages with the homologous virus HIV-1 SF2mc. In contrast, heterologous virus infection with HTLV-IIIB was mediated only by antisera to the conserved regions, predominantly C4 and C5. Heterologous virus infection occurred more rapidly and was consistent between different cell donors. The neutralizing monoclonal antibody (MAb) SC258 (murine IgG2a) but not MAb 684-238 (mIgG1) against conformational epitopes of the V2 region also induced antibody-dependent infection enhancement (ADE). Therefore, preincubation with certain antibodies can cause altered tropism of the lymphocytotropic viruses mentioned above. Viral infection was completely abolished by preincubation with the F(ab)2 fragment of MAb 3G8 against the Fc gamma receptor III (CD16). A MAb (7.3F11) against the gp120-binding site of CD4 had no effect on viral infectivity. Possible mechanisms and their implications for disease progression are discussed.
Contributions of heme and nonheme iron to human nutrition (1992)

Dietary iron is present in food both in inorganic forms as ferrous and ferric compounds, and in organic forms, the most important of these being heme iron. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the contributions of both heme and nonheme iron in establishing and maintaining a healthful iron status. The human requirement for iron, bioavailability of heme and nonheme iron, and amounts of heme and nonheme iron in the diet are individually estimated after reviewing the relevant literature in Sections II, III, and IV, respectively. In Section V, the contribution of heme and nonheme iron to human nutrition, as compared to the human requirement for iron (Section II), is estimated after attenuating the amounts of heme and nonheme iron found in the diet (Section IV) by their bioavailabilities (Section III).
Oxygen transfer to ethylene catalyzed by the silver(110) surface: possible adsorption sites for molecular and atomic oxygen and a model for the oxygen-transfer step (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxygen transfer to ethylene catalyzed by the silver(110) surface: possible adsorption sites for molecular and atomic oxygen and a model for the oxygen-transfer stepKarl Anker. Joergensen and Roald. HoffmannCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 7, 3046–3054Publication Date (Print):April 5, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 5 April 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100370a057https://doi.org/10.1021/j100370a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views165Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
On the fast movements of the thermosphere: an interpretation (2001)

<strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor">Abstract.</strong> We examine the oscillations of the meridional neutral wind in the F region as seen by the EISCAT radar. We propose an interpretation in term of eddies (<i>tourbillons</i>) of typical size of a few tens to a few hundreds of kilometers. The observed rotation velocity is a few hundreds of meters per second. We suggest that the <i>tourbillons</i> are a common feature of thermospheric movements. We propose an optical experiment to check the validity of this assumption.<br><br><b>Key words: </b>Atmospheric composition and structure (thermosphere Â· composition and chemistry) Â· Ionosphere (ionosphere Â· atmosphere interactions)
Effects of KW-3902, a Selective and Potent Adenosine <i>A<sub>1</sub></i>Receptor Antagonist, on Renal Hemodynamics and Urine Formation in Anesthetized Dogs (1997)

The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the effects of KW-3902 [8-(noradamantan-3-yl)-1,3-dipropyl-xanthine], a selective and potent adenosine A1 receptor antagonist, in order to clarify the role of adenosine in the control of renal hemodynamics and urine formation in anesthetized dogs. KW-3902 was directly infused into the renal artery to eliminate the systemic effects of the drug. KW-3902 (10 micrograms/kg/min) almost completely inhibited the renal vasoconstriction induced by adenosine via A1 receptors. Intrarenal infusion of KW-3902 did not affect mean arterial pressure, renal blood flow, creatinine clearance, or arterial plasma renin activity, but drastically increased urine flow, urinary excretion of sodium, and osmolar clearance. Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system using CV-11974 [2-ethoxy-1-((2'-(1-H-tetrazole-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl) methyl)-1-H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid], a selective AT1 antagonist, did not affect the diuretic action of KW-3902. These data suggest that endogenous adenosine does not play a significant role in the control of renal hemodynamics in whole kidney, but that it plays an important role in preserving body fluid via the A1 receptor independent of the renin-angiotensin system in anesthetized dogs.
A New Approach To Set Point Control In Chilled Water Loops (2002)

This paper presents a new approach to control variables in chilled water loops for energy conservation.Based on the analysis of the relationships between differential pressure and chilled water flow rate in chilled water loop, a series of optimal set points can be found to reset the controlled variables.With these reset set points, chilled water pumps only provide the necessary energy for water distribution loops.An optimization problem accompanied with its constraints is proposed for direct-return chilled water loops.A simple algorithm is provided to find the optimal set points, which can be used in real time to control the variable speed drive pumps to save energy under part-load conditions.With some modification, the proposed approach can be extended to different type of chilled water loops.An application example shows that the chilled water loop operating under the optimal set points has the potential energy savings compared with the conventional method. NOMENCLATUREa 0 ,a 1 ,a 2 : curve fitting constant of pump energy; c(H VL ): constraint function of H VL ; C pw : specific heat of water under constant pressure; g c : a constant; H BL : head friction loss of piping branch; H CL : head friction loss of cooling coil; H P : distribution pump head; H PL : head friction loss of pipings; H VL : head friction loss of control valve; H VL,0 : pump head ; K1: friction factor of cooling coil; K2: friction factor of pipes; m: the total number of subsystems; m w : water flow rate; n: the total number of coils; P pump : power consumption of pump; Q coil : cooling load of coil; T CHWR : chilled water return temperature; T CHWS : chilled water supply temperature; motor : efficiency factor of
Reassembly of contractile actin cortex in cell blebs (2006)

Contractile actin cortex is involved in cell morphogenesis, movement, and cytokinesis, but its organization and assembly are poorly understood. During blebbing, the membrane detaches from the cortex and inflates. As expansion ceases, contractile cortex re-assembles under the membrane and drives bleb retraction. This cycle enabled us to measure the temporal sequence of protein recruitment to the membrane during cortex reassembly and to explore dependency relationships. Expanding blebs were devoid of actin, but proteins of the erythrocytic submembranous cytoskeleton were present. When expansion ceased, ezrin was recruited to the membrane first, followed by actin, actin-bundling proteins, and, finally, contractile proteins. Complete assembly of the contractile cortex, which was organized into a cagelike mesh of filaments, took approximately 30 s. Cytochalasin D blocked recruitment of actin and alpha-actinin, but had no effect on membrane association of ankyrin B and ezrin. Ezrin played no role in actin nucleation, but was essential for tethering the membrane to the cortex. The Rho pathway was important for cortex assembly in blebs.
Unified Convolutional/Turbo Decoder Design Using Tile-Based Timing Analysis of VA/MAP Kernel (2008)

To satisfy the advanced forward-error-correction (FEC) standards, in which the Convolutional code and Turbo code may co-exit, a prototype design of a unified Convolutional/Turbo decoder is proposed. In this paper, we systematically analyze the timing charts of both the Viterbi algorithm and the MAP algorithm. Then, three techniques, including Distribution, Pointer, and Parallel schemes, are introduced; they can be used as flexible tools in timing-chart analysis to either reduce memory size or to increase throughput rate. Furthermore, we propose a tile-based methodology to analyze the key features of timing charts, such as computing/memory units and hardware utilization. On the basis of the timing analysis, we developed a VA/MAP timing chart that has three modes (VA mode, MAP mode, and concurrent VA/MAP mode) by complementing the idle time of both VA and MAP decoding procedures. The new combined timing analysis helps us for constructing a unified component decoder with near 100% utilization rate of the processing element (PE) in both VA/MAP decoding functions. According to the triple-mode VA/MAP timing chart, we construct a triple-mode FEC kernel that can perform both Convolutional/Turbo decoding functions seamlessly for different communication systems. By integrating the FEC kernel with different size of memory, we can construct four types of FEC decoders for different application scenarios, such as 1) standalone Convolutional decoder (VA mode); 2) standalone Turbo decoder (MAP mode); 3) dual- mode Convolutional/Turbo decoder (VA mode and MAP mode); and 4) triple-mode Convolutional/Turbo decoder (VA mode, MAP mode, and concurrent VA/MAP mode). Finally, a prototyping FEC kernel processor that is compliant to 3GPP standard is verified in TSMC 0.18-mum CMOS process in the type of triple-mode FEC decoder.