gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Somatic mutation of the <i>APC</i> gene in gastric cancer: frequent mutations in very well differentiated adenocarcinoma and signet-ring cell carcinoma (1992)

We searched for somatic mutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene in DNA samples isolated from 57 sporadic gastric cancers, by means of a ribonuclease (RNase) protection analysis coupled with DNA amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Examining 30% of the APC coding region, including a region where somatic mutations in colorectal tumors are known to be clustered, we detected somatic mutations in 12 tumors; seven in 17 very well differentiated adenocarcinomas, two in 19 well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas, and three in ten signet-ring cell carcinomas. So far, no somatic mutations have been identified in 11 poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas. Eight of the 17 somatic mutations found in 12 tumors caused truncation of the gene product due to a nonsense mutation and a 1-, 2- or 5-bp deletion; nine others were point mutations that altered amino acids. Our results suggest that inactivation of APC plays a role in development of some gastric cancers, particularly very well differentiated adenocarcinomas and signet-ring cell carcinomas.
Ceramide inhibition of chondrocyte proliferation and bone growth is IGF-I independent (2006)

Proinflammatory cytokines inhibit growth plate development. However, their underlying mechanisms of action are unclear. These effects may be mediated by ceramide, a sphingosine-based lipid second messenger, which is elevated in a number of chronic inflammatory diseases. To test this hypothesis, we determined the effects of C2-ceramide, a cell permeable ceramide analogue, on the growth of the ATDC5 chondrogenic cell line and on cultured fetal mice metatarsals. In ATDC5 cells, C2-ceramide significantly induced apoptosis at both 40 (82%; P < 0.05) and 25 microM (53%; P < 0.05). At 40 microM, C2-ceramide significantly reduced proliferation ([3H]-thymidine uptake/mg protein) (62%; P < 0.05). C2-ceramide did not markedly alter the differentiation state of the cells as judged by the expression of markers of chondrogenesis and differentiation (sox 9, collagen II and collagen X). The IGF-I signalling pathway is the major autocrine/paracrine regulator of bone growth. Both in the presence and absence of IGF-I, C2-ceramide (25 microM) induced an equivalent reduction in proliferation (60%; P < 0.001). Similarly, C2-ceramide (40 microM) induced a 31% reduction in fetal metatarsal growth both in the presence and absence of IGF-I (both P < 0.001). Furthermore, C2-ceramide reduced ADCT5 proliferation in the presence of AG1024, an IGF-I and insulin receptor blocker. Therefore, C2-ceramide-dependent inhibition appears to be independent of IGF-mediated stimulation of bone growth. Indeed, biochemical studies demonstrated that C2-ceramide (25 microM) pretreatment did not alter IGF-I-stimulated phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1, Akt or P44/42 MAP kinase. In conclusion, C2-ceramide inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in growth plate chondrocytes through an IGF-I independent mechanism.
Network intrusion detection (1994)

Intrusion detection is a new, retrofit approach for providing a sense of security in existing computers and data networks, while allowing them to operate in their current "open" mode. The goal of intrusion detection is to identify unauthorized use, misuse, and abuse of computer systems by both system insiders and external penetrators. The intrusion detection problem is becoming a challenging task due to the proliferation of heterogeneous computer networks since the increased connectivity of computer systems gives greater access to outsiders and makes it easier for intruders to avoid identification. Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) are based on the beliefs that an intruder's behavior will be noticeably different from that of a legitimate user and that many unauthorized actions are detectable. Typically, IDSs employ statistical anomaly and rulebased misuse models in order to detect intrusions. A number of prototype IDSs have been developed at several institutions, and some of them have also been deployed on an experimental basis in operational systems. In the present paper, several host-based and network-based IDSs are surveyed, and the characteristics of the corresponding systems are identified. The host-based systems employ the host operating system's audit trails as the main source of input to detect intrusive activity, while most of the network-based IDSs build their detection mechanism on monitored network traffic, and some employ host audit trails as well. An outline of a statistical anomaly detection algorithm employed in a typical IDS is also included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
New pulse compression filter to realize minimum S/N loss with zero range side lobe (2004)

Abstract Pulse compression processing of chirped signals can be treated as a matched filter reception process. However, generation of range side lobes is unavoidable. If a window function is used for suppression of these range side lobes, S/N loss occurs due to signal loss. Although it is possible to derive a window function realizing a desired characteristic such as side lobe‐free conditions by means of a convergence operation, it is not known whether the S/N loss is minimized because the requirement for S/N loss minimization is not taken into account. In the present paper, a method is presented for calculation of the window function and the pulse compression filter satisfying both the S/N loss minimum condition and the side lobe‐free condition. Simulation confirms that the derived pulse compression filter has a lower S/N loss than that in the method with a conventional window function and has a higher range resolution. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 88(4): 1–9, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20192
Level of daily physical activity in individuals with COPD compared with healthy controls (2011)

From the results of this review, it appears that patients with COPD have a significantly reduced duration, intensity, and counts of DPA when compared to healthy control subjects. The intensity of DPA seems to be less affected by COPD than duration and counts. Judging from the results, it seems that severity of COPD is not strongly correlated with level of DPA. Future research should focus in more detail on the relation between COPD and duration, intensity, and counts of DPA, as well as the effect of disease severity on DPA, so that these relations become more understandable.
Pathogenic mycobacteria in water (2004)

The book concludes with a discussion of the issues surrounding the control of PEM indrinking water and the assessment and management of risks.
Two New Genera of Nocardioform Actinomycetes: Amycolata gen. nov. and Amycolatopsis gen. nov. (1986)

We propose two new genera, Amycolata and Amycolatopsis, to accommodate nocardioform actinomycetes having type IV cell wall composition and lacking mycolic acids. These two genera are distinguished from each other by phospholipid and menaquinone composition and phage sensitivity. The following species were assigned to the genus Amycolata: Amycolata autotrophica comb. nov. (type strain, strain ATCC 19727), Amycolata saturnea comb. nov. (type strain, strain NRRL B16172), and Amycolata hydrocarbonoxydans comb. nov. (type strain, strain NRRL B16171). The genus Amycolatopsis includes Amycolatopsis orientalis comb. nov. (type strain, strain ATCC 19795), Amycolatopsis orientalis subsp. lurida nom. rev., comb. nov., subsp. nov. (type strain, strain NRRL 2430), Amycolatopsis mediterranei comb. nov. (type strain, strain ATCC 13685), Amycolatopsis rugosa sp. nov. (type strain, strain ATCC 43014), and Amycolatopsis sulphurea sp. nov. (type strain, strain ATCC 27624).
Highly efficient simplified organic light emitting diodes (2007)

The authors report on highly efficient organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) consisting of only two organic layers. The key to the simplification is the direct injection of holes into the wide band gap hole transport material 4,4′,4″-tris(N-carbazolyl)-triphenyl amine (highest occupied molecular orbital is 5.9eV) through an indium tin oxide/tungsten oxide (WO3) anode. Kelvin probe analysis has revealed an extremely high work function of 6.4eV for WO3. The efficiencies of the simplified OLEDs exceed 40lm∕W and 45cd∕A at a brightness of 100cd∕m2, unsurpassed by other comparably simple OLED devices. Therefore, our OLED architecture demonstrates highly efficient, yet easy to fabricate devices.
Intracavity pumped picosecond Optical Parametric Oscillator for intracavity interferometry (2007)

A picosecond pulse circulating inside a mode-locked vanadate laser, pumps twice/round-trip a LiNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> crystal, creating two non-interacting signal pulses circulating in a resonant cavity. This configuration is ideal for intracavity interferometry applications.
Opposite Effects of the Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia PML-Retinoic Acid Receptor α (RARα) and PLZF-RARα Fusion Proteins on Retinoic Acid Signalling (1997)

Fusion proteins involving the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR alpha) and the PML or PLZF nuclear protein are the genetic markers of acute promyelocytic leukemias (APLs). APLs with the PML-RAR alpha or the PLZF-RAR alpha fusion protein are phenotypically indistinguishable except that they differ in their sensitivity to retinoic acid (RA)-induced differentiation: PML-RAR alpha blasts are sensitive to RA and patients enter disease remission after RA treatment, while patients with PLZF-RAR alpha do not. We here report that (i) like PML-RAR alpha expression, PLZF-RAR alpha expression blocks terminal differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cell lines (U937 and HL-60) in response to different stimuli (vitamin D3, transforming growth factor beta1, and dimethyl sulfoxide); (ii) PML-RAR alpha, but not PLZF-RAR alpha, increases RA sensitivity of hematopoietic precursor cells and restores RA sensitivity of RA-resistant hematopoietic cells; (iii) PML-RAR alpha and PLZF-RAR alpha have similar RA binding affinities; and (iv) PML-RAR alpha enhances the RA response of RA target genes (those for RAR beta, RAR gamma, and transglutaminase type II [TGase]) in vivo, while PLZF-RAR alpha expression has either no effect (RAR beta) or an inhibitory activity (RAR gamma and type II TGase). These data demonstrate that PML-RAR alpha and PLZF-RAR alpha have similar (inhibitory) effects on RA-independent differentiation and opposite (stimulatory or inhibitory) effects on RA-dependent differentiation and that they behave in vivo as RA-dependent enhancers or inhibitors of RA-responsive genes, respectively. Their different activities on the RA signalling pathway might underlie the different responses of PML-RAR alpha and PLZF-RAR alpha APLs to RA treatment. The PLZF-RAR alpha fusion protein contains an approximately 120-amino-acid N-terminal motif (called the POZ domain), which is also found in a variety of zinc finger proteins and a group of poxvirus proteins and which mediates protein-protein interactions. Deletion of the PLZF POZ domain partially abrogated the inhibitory effect of PLZF-RAR alpha on RA-induced differentiation and on RA-mediated type II TGase up-regulation, suggesting that POZ-mediated protein interactions might be responsible for the inhibitory transcriptional activities of PLZF-RAR alpha.
Distributed Data Cache Designs for Clustered VLIW Processors (2005)

Wire delays are a major concern for current and forthcoming processors. One approach to deal with this problem is to divide the processor into semi-independent units referred to as clusters. A cluster usually consists of a local register file and a subset of the functional units, while the L1 data cache typically remains centralized in What we call partially distributed architectures. However, as technology evolves, the relative latency of such a centralized cache will increase, leading to an important impact on performance. In this paper, we propose partitioning the L1 data cache among clusters for clustered VLIW processors. We refer to this kind of design as fully distributed processors. In particular; we propose and evaluate three different configurations: a snoop-based cache coherence scheme, a word-interleaved cache, and flexible LO-buffers managed by the compiler. For each alternative, instruction scheduling techniques targeted to cyclic code are developed. Results for the Mediabench suite'show that the performance of such fully distributed architectures is always better than the performance of a partially distributed one with the same amount of resources. In addition, the key aspects of each fully distributed configuration are explored.
Colonização micorrízica e crescimento da soja com diferentes fungos e aplicação do isoflavonóide formononetina (1998)

Estudaram-se os efeitos da aplicacao do isoflavonoide formononetina (7-hidroxi, 4'-metoxi isoflavona) sintetica ao solo na colonizacao micorrizica, crescimento e teores de nutrientes da soja ( Glycine max L. Merril) submetida a inoculacao de diferentes especies de fungos micorrizicos arbusculares (FMAs). O estudo foi conduzido em casa de vegetacao, em vasos com 1,6 kg de Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo, fumigado, contendo 2 mg/kg de P (Mehlich I). As plantas receberam inoculacao dos FMAs ( Acaulospora morrowiae Spain & Schenck, Gigaspora margarita Becker & Hall,  Glomus clarum Nicol. & Schenck,  Glomus etunicatum Becker & Gerdemann e  Scutellospora heterogama Nicol. & Gerdemann Walker & Sanders) e aplicacao ou nao ao solo, por ocasiao da semeadura, de solucao de formononetina contendo 5 µg/mL. Todos os fungos foram estimulados pela aplicacao de formononetina, porem esse efeito foi diferenciado quanto a epoca e parâmetro considerado. O crescimento, a nodulacao e os teores de nutrientes da soja foram favorecidos pela inoculacao dos FMAs, mas nao pela aplicacao de formononetina. G. etunicatum foi a especie mais eficiente para a soja, independentemente da presenca de formononetina.
Saccharide‐Modified Nanodiamond Conjugates for the Efficient Detection and Removal of Pathogenic Bacteria (2012)

The detection and removal of bacteria, such as E. coli in aqueous environments by using safe and readily available means is of high importance. Here we report on the synthesis of nanodiamonds (ND) covalently modified with specific carbohydrates (glyco-ND) for the precipitation of type 1 fimbriated uropathogenic E. coli in solution by mechanically stable agglutination. The surface of the diamond nanoparticles was modified by using a Diels-Alder reaction followed by the covalent grafting of the respective glycosides. The resulting glyco-ND samples are fully dispersible in aqueous media and show a surface loading of typically 0.1 mmol g(-1). To probe the adhesive properties of various ND samples we have developed a new sandwich assay employing layers of two bacterial strains in an array format. Agglutination experiments in solution were used to distinguish unspecific interactions of glyco-ND with bacteria from specific ones. Two types of precipitates in solution were observed and characterized in detail by light and electron microscopy. Only by specific interactions mechanically stable agglutinates were formed. Bacteria could be removed from water by filtration of these stable agglutinates through 10 μm pore-size filters and the ND conjugate could eventually be recovered by addition of the appropriate carbohydrate. The application of glycosylated ND allows versatile and facile detection of bacteria and their efficient removal by using an environmentally and biomedically benign material.
The thermal decomposition of hydroxy- and methoxy-substituted anisoles (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe thermal decomposition of hydroxy- and methoxy-substituted anisolesMehendra M. Suryan, Sherif A. Kafafi, and Stephen E. SteinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 4, 1423–1429Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00186a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00186a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views566Altmetric-Citations86LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fault Diagnosis With Convolutional Compactors (2007)

This paper presents new nonadaptive fault-diagnosis techniques for scan-based designs. They guarantee accurate and time-efficient identification of failing scan cells based on results of convolutional compaction of test responses. The essence of the method is to use a branch-and-bound algorithm to narrow the set of scan cells down to certain sites that are most likely to capture faulty signals. This search is guided by a number of heuristics and self-learned information used to accelerate the diagnosis process for the subsequent test patterns. A variety of experimental results for benchmark circuits, industrial designs, and real fail logs confirm the feasibility of the proposed approach even in the presence of unknown states. The scheme remains consistent with a single test session scenario and allows high-volume in-production diagnosis.
C-alkylation of aldehyde enamines (1967)

T. J. Curphey and J. C. Hung, Chem. Commun. (London), 1967, 510 DOI: 10.1039/C19670000510
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Assemblies of Perylene Bisimide Dyes in Water (2012)

Abstract Review: ca. 150 refs.
An improved materials system for maintaining high resistivity of electrical insulation in humid environments (1977)

One of the environments which has long been considered hostile to electrical insulation is that of elevated humidity. In this environment, severe degradation of insulation resistance is among the significant effects on electrical insulating materials. This paper discusses the background and nature of the problem of decreasing insulation resistance of electrical insulation in humid environments, and presents an approach for maintaining high insulation resistance during exposure to such humid environments.
The Cardinal of the Kremlin (1988)

Jack Ryan, CIA analyst, must rescue Colonel Filitov, America's highest agent in the Kremlin, from the KGB as the race to build the first Star Wars missile defense system continues
Bis(phenanthroimidazolyl)biphenyl derivatives as saturated blue emitters for electroluminescent devices (2009)

Blue-emitting bis(phenanthroimidazolyl)biphenyl derivatives, 4,4′-bis(1-phenyl-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]phenanthroimidazolyl-2-yl)biphenyl (PPIP), 4,4′-bis(1-p-tolyl-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]phenanthroimidazolyl-2-yl)biphenyl (TPIP) and 4,4′-bis(1-p-anisyl-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]phenanthroimidazolyl-2-yl)biphenyl (APIP) were effectively synthesized in high yields from commercially available starting materials through a simple two-step procedure without using expensive noble-metal catalysts. These compounds showed excellent thermal properties with a very high glass-transition temperature of 197–200 °C and emitted intense blue light in solution with emission peaks at ca. 428 and 446 nm. By using a different hole-transporting layer, we optimized the electroluminescent efficiencies of the PPIP-based devices. All the PPIP-based devices were turned on at very low applied voltages of <3.0 V and gave pure-blue light with a Commission Internationale d'Énclairage y-coordinate value (CIEy) ≤ 0.15. Among them, device C using TCTA (4,4′,4″-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine) as the hole-transporting layer reached a very high external quantum efficiency of 6.31% and power efficiency of 7.30 lm/W. When using TPIP or APIP as the emissive layer to replace PPIP in the optimal device C, the resulting devices also exhibited very high external quantum efficiencies of more than 5%, and highly saturated blue light can be obtained from the TPIP-based device with CIEy ≤ 0.10.
Usability evaluation of handheld devices: A case study for a museum application (2005)

Abstract. In this paper, we describe a usability evaluation study of a system involving PDAs, designed to be used in a traditional historical / cultural museum. The system permits collaboration of small groups of museum visitors through mobile handheld devices. The key characteristics of the system are described first, which include a server and a client component and a tool that permits authoring of new activities. The usability evaluation study that involved typical users revealed some of the limitations of the design. The reported findings can be of use to practitioners interested in following similar approaches relating to evaluation of mobile technology. 1
The skin's antioxidant systems. (1998)

The skin is supplied with an antioxidant system that includes enzymatic and nonenzymatic components. This complex system is the skin's first-line defense against free-radical attacks. Antioxidants are essential in protecting the epidermis from damage by free radicals generated both by environmental and endogenous factors. This role of free radicals in etiology of disease and how antioxidants are used to offset or prevent oxidative damage are discussed.
A systolic processing element for speech recognition (1982)

An integrated 16b CMOS processor designed for systolic array processing, with programmable processors, capable of performing the pattern matching required for speech recognition of up to 25,000 words per second will be described.
Low‐Temperature Out‐Diffusion of Cu from Silicon Wafers (1996)

We investigated low temperature out‐diffusion of Cu impurity from the bulk of p‐ and n‐type silicon wafers after contamination followed by diffusion of Cu into silicon during annealing. We show that Cu impurity in the bulk after low‐temperature out‐diffusion can be measured at the surface by total x‐ray fluorescence and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy 1010 atom/cm3. In addition, a benefit of low‐temperature annealing is the removal of Cu contamination from the bulk by surface cleaning. We also find that Cu contamination in the bulk of p‐type Si wafers out‐diffuses at room temperature after removing the surface oxide, but this does not happen in the case of n‐type Si material.