gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combined Expression of Transcription Factors Induces AR42J-B13 Cells to Differentiate into Insulin-Producing Cells (2008)

Neurogenin 3 (Ngn3) is a transcription factor that regulates an initial step of differentiation from uncommitted pancreatic progenitors into endocrine cells. Additional transcription factors are required for complete differentiation into mature pancreatic beta cells. In this study, we established an in vitro model system of beta-cell differentiation by adenovirus-mediated expression of several transcription factors in AR42J-B13 cells, a pancreatic progenitor-like cell line derived from exocrine pancreas. Exogenous expression of Ngn3 in AR42J-B13 cells induced expression of Nkx2.2, Pax4, and Pax6, which are all essential for beta-cell differentiation in mouse embryos. However, Ngn3 did not induce more downstream regulators of beta-cell differentiation, Nkx6.1 and Maf A. Coexpression of Nkx6.1 and Ngn3 induced endogenous expression of the insulin 2 gene, while coexpression of Maf A and Ngn3 induced both insulin 1 and 2 genes in AR42J-B13 cells. Our data demonstrated that Ngn3 expressed together with Nkx6.1 or MafA induces AR42J-B13 cells to differentiate into insulin-producing cells, supporting the use of these cells as a model system for studying beta-cell differentiation in vitro.
Refined solution structure of the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding domain (1993)

A refined solution structure of the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding domain (GR DBD) has been determined using two- and three-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy on an 15N-labeled GR DBD fragment in conjunction with distance geometry and simulated annealing calculations. Thirty structures of the fragment C440-R510 of the rat GR were calculated based on 906 distance constraints obtained from NOE intensities (168 intraresidue and 738 interresidue NOEs) and 43 dihedral constraints. Average atomic root mean square (rms) differences between the 24 best structures and their geometric average are 0.70 A for backbone atoms and 1.44 A for all heavy atoms. Several regions that were not well defined in a previous NMR structure determination of a similar protein fragment [Härd, T., Kellenbach, E., Boelens, R., Maler, B.A., Dahlman, K., Freedman, L.P., Carlstedt-Duke, J., Yamamoto, K.R., Gustafsson, J.-A., & Kaptein, R. (1990b) Science 249, 157-160] are now well-defined. The refined structure of the uncomplexed GR DBD is very similar to the crystal structure of GR DBD in a sequence specific DNA complex [Luisi, B. F., Xu, W. X., Otwinowski, Z., Freeman, L. P., Yamamoto, K. R., & Sigler, P. B. (1991) Nature 352, 497-505], in particular with regard to the presence and relative positions of secondary structure elements. The backbone atom rms difference between the average NMR solution structure and the crystal structure of the DNA-complexed GR DBD is 1.8 A. The most pronounced differences between the free and DNA-complexed states are found within the fragment C476-C482 in the second zinc-coordinating domain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Responses to High-Carbohydrate and High-Fat Meals in Healthy Humans (2012)

The postprandial state is hypothesised to be proinflammatory and prooxidative, but the relative contributions of fat versus carbohydrate are unclear. Therefore, we examined inflammation and oxidative stress responses in serum and skeletal muscle before and after 1000 kcal meals, which were high in either fat or carbohydrate in 15 healthy individuals. Serum and muscle expression of IL6 was elevated 3 hours after each meal, independently of macronutrient composition (P < 0.01). Serum IL18 was decreased after high-fat meal only (P < 0.01). Plasma total antioxidative status and muscle Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase were decreased after high-carbohydrate meal only (P < 0.05). We conclude that a high-carbohydrate meal may evoke a greater postprandial oxidative stress response, whereas both fat and carbohydrate increased IL6. We speculate that the observed increases in postprandial IL6, without increases in any other markers of inflammation, may indicate a normal IL6 response to enhance glucose uptake, similar to its role postexercise.
A TWO-STAGE DIGITAL AMPLIFIER APPLIED TO THE ARMY ARTIFICIAL HEART PUMP, (1964)

A two-stage fluid amplifier was designed and evaluated for use with the army artificial heart pump. The stages were of the digital type, having preestablished characteristics, such that their cascaded output is applicable to the heart pump. Tests showed that the two-stage amplifier yields total pressure recoveries up to 50 percent. Output flows of the pump were considerably higher than those of a single-stage heart pump for similar input air pressures. However, the input air flow to the two-stage amplifier was also higher than that for the single amplifier. This high flow can be decreased by decreasing the nozzle areas of the two stages. (Author)
Salivary peptidome in type 1 diabetes mellitus (2011)

Diabetic patients show a high susceptibility to oral diseases of inflammatory, catabolic and chronic nature with potential impact on saliva composition. In this study, our purpose was to characterize type 1 diabetes-induced alterations in the salivary peptidome aiming to find prospective biomarkers for type 1 diabetes oral health evaluation. Peptidomic analysis of saliva from controls (n = 5) and type 1 diabetic patients (n = 5) were performed by liquid chromatography followed by mass spectrometry. The proteolytic activity and metalloproteinases expression was accessed by zymography and slot blot analysis, respectively. Data evidenced a significant increase in the percentage of peptides in diabetic patients paralleled by a higher proteolytic activity, compared with healthy individuals. The nonsalivary gland protein fragments identified in saliva were mainly derived from collagen and extracellular matrix proteins, namely collagen type I. The cleavage site frequency analysis showed significant differences between healthy and type 1 diabetic individuals, highlighting the activity of proteases such as matrix metalloproteinase-9 and cathepsin D. Our results highlight salivary collagen fragments as potential biomarkers to follow up diabetes-related oral damage.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for the Neonicotinoid Insecticides (2003)

The neonicotinoids are a new class of insecticides acting as agonists at the postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are sensitive, selective and capable of cost effective and high throughput, which make them ideal for the determination of pesticides in a myriad of applications where these properties are required. ELISAs developed by different laboratories for the neonicotinoid insecticides can be an alternative method to analyze these insecticides in environmental samples and can overcome some of the shortcomings of conventional instrumental analysis. This mini review summarizes currently available ELISAs for the neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid, acetamiprid and thiamethoxam.
Regularized multi--task learning (2004)

Past empirical work has shown that learning multiple related tasks from data simultaneously can be advantageous in terms of predictive performance relative to learning these tasks independently. In this paper we present an approach to multi--task learning based on the minimization of regularization functionals similar to existing ones, such as the one for Support Vector Machines (SVMs), that have been successfully used in the past for single--task learning. Our approach allows to model the relation between tasks in terms of a novel kernel function that uses a task--coupling parameter. We implement an instance of the proposed approach similar to SVMs and test it empirically using simulated as well as real data. The experimental results show that the proposed method performs better than existing multi--task learning methods and largely outperforms single--task learning using SVMs.
Phase Determination of Circadian Gene Expression in Synechococcus Elongatus PCC 7942 (2004)

The authors analyzed the upstream regulatory region of purF, a gene that is expressed in a minority phase that peaks at dawn (class 2 circadian phasing) in Synechococcus elongatus, to determine whether specific cis elements are responsible for this characteristic expression pattern. Fusions of various promoter-bearing fragments to luciferase reporter genes showed that normal class 2 phasing of purF expression was correlated with promoter strength. No specific cis element that is separable from the promoter was responsible for determining phase. Very weak promoter activity of unstable phasing was mapped to a 50-bp segment. Inclusion of sequences that flank this minimal promoter either upstream or downstream increased the promoter strength and stabilized the phase in class 2, but neither segment was individually necessary. Because the data suggested a role for the overall promoter context rather than a specific "phase element," the authors proposed that DNA topology is important in the phase determination of circadian gene expression in S. elongatus. To test this hypothesis, they fused the well-characterized DNA topology-dependent Escherichia coli fis promoter to luciferase and showed that it acts as a class 2 promoter in S. elongatus.
Role of the fungal Ras-protein kinase A pathway in governing epithelial cell interactions during oropharyngeal candidiasis (2004)

Tpk1p, Tpk2p and Efg1p are members of the Ras-protein kinase A pathway that governs the yeast-to-hyphal transition in Candida albicans. We used tpk1Delta/tpk1Delta, tpk2Delta/tpk2Delta and efg1Delta/efg1Delta mutants to investigate the role of these proteins in regulating the interactions of C. albicans with oral epithelial cell lines in vitro and virulence in murine models of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) and haematogenously disseminated candidiasis (HDC). The tpk1Delta/tpk1Delta strain adhered to, invaded and damaged oral epithelial cells in vitro similarly to the wild-type strain. In contrast, both the tpk2Delta/tpk2Delta and efg1Delta/efg1Delta strains had reduced capacity to invade and damage oral epithelial cells, and the efg1Delta/efg1Delta strain also exhibited decreased adherence to these cells. Consistent with these in vitro findings, the tpk2Delta/tpk2Delta and efg1Delta/efg1Delta strains also had significantly attenuated virulence during OPC. Therefore, Tpk2p and Efg1p both govern factors that enable C. albicans to invade and damage oral epithelial cells in vitro and cause OPC. These results also suggest that hyphal formation mediated by the Ras-protein kinase A pathway is a key virulence mechanism during OPC. Interestingly, the efg1Delta/efg1Delta strain, but not the tpk2Delta/tpk2Delta had reduced virulence during HDC. Thus, Tpk2p may be more important for governing virulence during OPC than HDC.
4.-8. März 2019 (2019)

The IBM Db2 Analytics Accelerator (IDAA) is a state-of-the art hybrid database system that seamlessly extends the strong transactional capabilities of Db2 for z/OS (Db2z) with very fast column-store processing in Db2 Database for Linux, Unix, and Windows. IDAA maintains a copy of the data from Db2z in its backend database. The data can be synchronized in batch with a granularity of table partitions, or incrementally using replication technology for individual rows. In this paper we present the enablement of combining the batch loading of a true subset of a table’s partitions for replicated tables. The primary goal for such an integration is to ensure data consistency. A specific challenge is that no duplicated rows stemming from the two data transfer paths come into existence. We present a robust and yet simple approach that is based on IDAA’s implementation of multi-version concurrency control.
Shear Alignment Behavior of Nematic Solutions Induced by Ultralong Side-Group Liquid Crystal Polymers (2003)

Addition of a low concentration of a very long (430 kg/mol) side group liquid crystal polymer is shown to produce dramatic changes in the flow characteristics of a calamitic nematic liquid crystal. This polymer causes a typical flow-aligning nematic liquid crystal to align near the velocity gradient direction rather than near the velocity direction, corresponding to having a tumbling parameter lambda<-1, for concentrations greater than 7.5% polymer. Such flow-aligning behavior has not been reported previously in a calamitic nematic. The large molecular weight of the present polymer relative to those examined in the prior literature is responsible for these new phenomena.
A New Apparatus for Hair Regrowth in Male‐pattern Baldness (1990)

A newly devised apparatus (Scalp-Tension-Relaxer, STR) can efficiently promote hair regrowth in patients with male-pattern baldness. When this apparatus is applied, the scalp is pushed up to relieve tension on the vertex. The efficacy rate of hair regrowth in alopecia patients was 40%. An investigation into the basis for the hair regrowth caused by this apparatus was directed toward the changes in hemodynamics and skin temperature of the scalp. During and after use of this apparatus, subjects exhibited an increase both in the cutaneous blood flow rate (as determined by laser Doppler flowmetry) and in the cutaneous temperature (as determined by thermography).
Experimental study on silicon carbide production from by-product silica gel of phosphate fertilizer production (2011)

The yield of by-product silica gel of phosphate fertilizer production is considerable.Its principal component is silicon dioxide that is the good material to make silicon products.Silicon carbide is one of the third generation semiconductor materials with the high economic value and good application prospect.The main methods of preparation for silicon carbide powder materials from silicon dioxide are reviewed.The production of silicon carbide from by-product silica gel of phosphate fertilizer production by carbothermal reduction method is studied.
A method for coregistration of PET and MR brain images. (1995)

We present a rapid, robust and fully automated method to register PET and MR brain images with sufficient accuracy for most clinical applications.
Electromechanical response of ionic polymer-metal composites (2000)

An ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) consisting of a thin Nafion sheet, platinum plated on both faces, undergoes large bending motion when an electric field is applied across its thickness. Conversely, a voltage is produced across its faces when it is suddenly bent. A micromechanical model is developed which accounts for the coupled ion transport, electric field, and elastic deformation to predict the response of the IPMC, qualitatively and quantitatively. First, the basic three-dimensional coupled field equations are presented, and then the results are applied to predict the response of a thin sheet of an IPMC. Central to the theory is the recognition that the interaction between an imbalanced charge density and the backbone polymer can be presented by an eigenstress field (Nemat-Nasser and Hori, Micromechanics, Overall Properties of Heterogeneous Materials, 2nd Ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1999). The constitutive parameter connecting the eigenstress to the charge density is calculated directly using a simple microstructural model for Nafion. The results are applied to predict the response of samples of IPMC, and good correlation with experimental data is obtained. Experiments show that the voltage induced by a sudden imposition of a curvature, is two orders of magnitude less than that required to produce the same curvature. The theory accurately predicts this result. The theory also shows the relative effects of different counter ions, e.g., sodium versus lithium, on the response of the composite to an applied voltage or a curvature.
FbHash: A New Similarity Hashing Scheme for Digital Forensics (2019)

With the rapid growth of the World Wide Web and Internet of Things, a huge amount of digital data is being produced every day. Digital forensics investigators face an uphill task when they have to manually screen through and examine tons of such data during a crime investigation. To expedite this process, several automated techniques have been proposed and are being used in practice. Among which tools based on Approximate Matching algorithms have gained prominence, e.g., ssdeep, sdhash, mvHash etc. These tools produce hash signatures for all the files to be examined, compute a similarity score and then compare it with a known reference set to filter out known good as well as bad files. In this way, exact as well as similar matches can be screened out. However, all of these schemes have been shown to be prone to active adversary attack, whereby an attacker, by making feasible changes in the content of the file, intelligently modifies the final hash signature produced to evade detection. Thus, an alternate hashing scheme is required which can resist this attack. In this work, we propose a new Approximate Matching scheme termed as - FbHash. We show that our scheme is secure against active attacks and detects similarity with 98% accuracy. We also provide a detailed comparative analysis with other existing schemes and show that our scheme has a 28% higher accuracy rate than other schemes for uncompressed file format (e.g., text files) and 50% higher accuracy rate for compressed file format (e.g., docx etc.). Our proposed scheme is able to correlate a fragment as small as 1% to the source file with 100% detection rate and able to detect commonality as small as 1% between two documents with appropriate similarity score. Further, our scheme also produces the least false negatives in comparison to other schemes.
Fungal infections in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (1988)

Defects in cell-mediated immunity caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) render AIDS patients particularly susceptible to fungal pathogens. Signs and symptoms of serious infection may be nonspecific, and early diagnosis and institution of antifungal therapy is essential to decrease morbidity and mortality in this patient population. In a symptomatic individual, invasive procedures are often required to establish a microbiologic diagnosis, and histopathologic examination of tissue by light and electron microscopy is often the first indication of a serious fungal infection in an AIDS patient.
Analytical charge conservative large signal model for MODFETs validated up to MM-wave range (2002)

We present an analytical charge conservative large signal model for MODFETs, which is valid up to MM-wave frequencies. Although the model equations are simple, an excellent accuracy in the representation of the nonlinear elements of the FET is achieved. The model was used for the successful design of a 2-stage power amplifier for 60 GHz.
3D ultrasonic mapping of the microvasculature (2002)

The central goal of this work is the development and feasibility testing of systems capable of estimating velocity in small vessels at low flow velocities and mapping the vasculature in three dimensions. Specifically, we attempt to measure the velocity profile within vessels with a diameter of 100 microns or less. Estimation of flow within these vessels at the appropriate low velocities is challenging due to the small signal levels, the effect of cardiac and respiratory motion, and the unknown rate of fluctuation of the received signal from the small number of red blood cells contained within the sample volume. Three dimensional flow mapping of a region within the ciliary body of the rabbit eye has now been performed and the methods and results are described. We find that vessels as small as 40 microns can be mapped in 3D using a 38 MHz transducer. Realignment of the signal from a single line-of-sight is a critical part of this process and our method is presented in detail. Recognition of 3D continuity of a vessel tree is required to eliminate spurious noise.
Control and simulation for a closed‐chain dual redundant ' manipulator system (1995)

Abstract The two‐level hierarchical control scheme is adopted to solve a dual‐chain robotic system formed by two redundant manipulators grasping a common object with hard point contacts. The upper‐level coordinator gathers all the necessary information to resolve the force distribution problem so as to generate all the desired contact forces With all the desired contact forces being specified, the dynamics of each chain are decoupled. Therefore, the lower‐level local control problem can be treated as a general open‐chain redundant manipulator problem. Furthermore, the Compact‐Dual LP method is applied to resolve the upper‐level coordination problem; while the Compact QP method associated with the computed torque control method is adopted to solve the redundant manipulator problem. To obtain proper simulation results, the simulated actual contact forces are formulated and the corresponding simulation problem of the closed‐chain robotic system is also completely solved in the article. Simulation results show that the two‐level hierarchical control scheme is an effective and efficient algorithm for resolving the large‐scale control problem of multiple‐chain robotic systems. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Reconstitution of agonist-stimulated phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate hydrolysis using purified m1 muscarinic receptor, Gq/11, and phospholipase C-beta 1. (1992)

We describe the reconstitution using purified proteins of the m1 muscarinic cholinergic pathway that activates phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-specific phospholipase C via the G protein Gq/11. Recombinant m1 muscarinic receptor was co-reconstituted in lipid vesicles with either hepatic Gq/11 or with cerebral alpha q/11 and beta gamma subunits. The rate of [35S]GTP gamma S binding to the reconstituted vesicles was stimulated 20-50-fold by agonist. Maximal receptor-catalyzed binding was 7 mol of GTP gamma S bound per mol of receptor. The m2 muscarinic receptor was a poor activator of Gq/11. The binding of [alpha-32P]GTP to [gamma-32P]GTP to m1/Gq/11 vesicles indicated that the receptor could maintain up to 40% of the total coupled Gq/11 in the GTP bound state. The rate of hydrolysis of bound GTP, 0.8 min-1, is consistent with the rate predicted from the GTP binding data but is 3-5-fold lower than rates reported for other trimeric G proteins. Agonist-stimulated photo-affinity labeling with gamma-(4-azidoanilido)-[alpha-32P]GTP indicated that the receptor catalyzed binding to both alpha q and alpha 11 with about equal efficiency. Receptor-catalyzed activation of Gq/11 by GTP gamma S, measured as the ability to activate purified phospholipase C-beta 1, paralleled receptor-catalyzed [35S]GTP gamma S binding. Co-reconstitution of receptor, Gq/11, and phospholipase C-beta 1 restored GTP gamma S-dependent carbachol-stimulated hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. The m1 receptor, Gq/11, and phospholipase C-beta 1 are thus sufficient to initiate the hormonal inositol trisphosphate/diacylglycerol signaling pathway without additional proteins.
A component-based software system with functionality adaptation for mobile computing (2002)

of thesis entitled A COMPONENT-BASED SOFTWARE SYSTEM WITH FUNCTIONALITY ADAPTATION FOR MOBILE COMPUTING