gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toward better horizontal integration among IoT services (2015)

Several divergent application protocols have been proposed for Internet of Things (IoT) solutions including CoAP, REST, XMPP, AMQP, MQTT, DDS, and others. Each protocol focuses on a specific aspect of IoT communications. The lack of a protocol that can handle the vertical market requirements of IoT applications including machine-to-machine, machine-to-server, and server-to-server communications has resulted in a fragmented market between many protocols. In turn, this fragmentation is a main hindrance in the development of new services that require the integration of multiple IoT services to unlock new capabilities and provide horizontal integration among services. In this work, after articulating the major shortcomings of the current IoT protocols, we outline a rule-based intelligent gateway that bridges the gap between existing IoT protocols to enable the efficient integration of horizontal IoT services. While this intelligent gateway enhances the gloomy picture of protocol fragmentation in the context of IoT, it does not address the root cause of this fragmentation, which lies in the inability of the current protocols to offer a wide range of QoS guarantees. To offer a solution that stems the root cause of this protocol fragmentation issue, we propose a generic IoT protocol that is flexible enough to address the IoT vertical market requirements. In this regard, we enhance the baseline MQTT protocol by allowing it to support rich QoS features by exploiting a mix of IP multicasting, intelligent broker queuing management, and traffic analytics techniques. Our initial evaluation of the lightweight enhanced MQTT protocol reveals significant improvement over the baseline protocol in terms of the delay performance.
Wideband Omnidirectional Circularly Polarized Antenna for Millimeter-Wave Applications Using Printed Artificial Anisotropic Polarizer (2019)

A wideband omnidirectional circularly polarized (CP) antenna using printed artificial anisotropic polarizer is presented for millimeter-wave applications. The spherical linearly polarized (LP) wavefront radiated from a bicone is regulated into cylindrical wavefront by a rounding hyperbolic lens before entering the conformal CP polarizer. The polarizer is made of 3D printed artificial anisotropic material with curved laminates being configured 45 degrees to the incident electric field. Measurement results show that the antenna has a wide operating bandwidth of 34.5% from 24 to 32 GHz, which completely convers potential 5G frequency bands at 28-GHz millimeter-wave range.
Point Compression for Koblitz Elliptic Curves. (2009)

Abstract. Elliptic curves over finite fields have applications in public key cryptography. A Koblitz curve is an elliptic curve E over F2; the group E(F2n) has convenient features for efficient implementation of elliptic curve cryptography. Wiener and Zuccherato and Gallant, Lambert and Vanstone showed that one can accelerate the Pollard rho algorithm for the discrete logarithm problem on Koblitz curves. This implies that when using Koblitz curves, one has a lower security per bit than when using general elliptic curves defined over the same field. Hence for a fixed security level, systems using Koblitz curves require slightly more bandwidth. We present a method to reduce this bandwidth when a normal basis representation for F2n is used. Our method is appropriate for applications such as Diffie-Hellman key exchange or Elgamal encryption. We show that, with a low probability of failure, our method gives the expected bandwidth for a given security level.
Deconstructing host-pathogen interactions in<i>Drosophila</i> (2011)

Many of the cellular mechanisms underlying host responses to pathogens have been well conserved during evolution. As a result, Drosophila can be used to deconstruct many of the key events in host-pathogen interactions by using a wealth of well-developed molecular and genetic tools. In this review, we aim to emphasize the great leverage provided by the suite of genomic and classical genetic approaches available in flies for decoding details of host-pathogen interactions; these findings can then be applied to studies in higher organisms. We first briefly summarize the general strategies by which Drosophila resists and responds to pathogens. We then focus on how recently developed genome-wide RNA interference (RNAi) screens conducted in cells and flies, combined with classical genetic methods, have provided molecular insight into host-pathogen interactions, covering examples of bacteria, fungi and viruses. Finally, we discuss novel strategies for how flies can be used as a tool to examine how specific isolated virulence factors act on an intact host.
Transparent Anatase Nanocomposite Films by the Sol–Gel Process at Low Temperatures (2000)

We have successfully prepared transparent anatase nanocomposite films on various types of substrates, including organic polymers, using the sol–gel method at temperatures <100°C under ambient pressure. This novel process is based on the findings that (i) anatase nanocrystals are uniquely formed in sol–gel‐derived SiO 2 –TiO 2 films that have been subjected to a hot‐water treatment, and (ii) the addition of an organic polymer such as poly(ethylene glycol) in the films accelerates the formation of anatase nanocrystals. The film coating on the substrates is a promising candidate for use as a photocatalyst to decompose environmental pollutants and harmful microorganisms.
Profile of Specific Antibodies to the SARS-Associated Coronavirus (2003)

To the Editor: A novel coronavirus called the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)–associated coronavirus (CoV) has been identified as the causal agent of SARS.1–3 To understand the humoral immunity to this virus, we studied the profile of IgM and IgG antibody responses to SARS-CoV. IgM and IgG antibodies were analyzed by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 20 patients with SARS from week 1 of their illness to week 12 and in 103 healthy contacts. All 20 patients tested negative for IgM and IgG at week 1 after the onset of symptoms. Of these patients, 16 tested positive for . . .
Gene Replacement Therapy for Sickle Cell Disease and Other Blood Disorders (2008)

Previous studies have demonstrated that sickle cell disease (SCD) can be corrected in mouse models by transduction of hematopoietic stem cells with lentiviral vectors containing anti-sickling globin genes followed by transplantation of these cells into syngeneic recipients. Although self-inactivating (SIN) lentiviral vectors with or without insulator elements should provide a safe and effective treatment in humans, some concerns about insertional mutagenesis persist. An ideal correction would involve replacement of the sickle globin gene (betaS) with a normal copy of the gene (betaA). We recently derived embryonic stem (ES) cells from a novel knockin mouse model of SCD and tested a protocol for correcting the sickle mutation by homologous recombination. Animals derived after gene replacement produced high levels of normal human hemoglobin (HbA), and the pathology associated with SCD was corrected. These experiments provided a foundation for similar studies in which our group collaborated with Rudolf Jaenisch's laboratory to correct SCD by gene replacement in iPS (induced pluripotent stem) cells derived by direct reprogramming of sickle skin fibroblasts. Corrected iPS cells were differentiated into hematopoeitic progenitors that were transplanted into irradiated sickle recipients. The transplanted animals produced high levels of normal human HbA, and the pathology of SCD was corrected. These proof-of-principle studies provide a foundation for the development of gene replacement therapy for human patients with SCD and other blood disorders.
DYNA3D Code Practices and Developments (2000)

DYNA3D is an explicit, finite element code developed to solve high rate dynamic simulations for problems of interest to the engineering mechanics community. The DYNA3D code has been under continuous development since 1976[1] by the Methods Development Group in the Mechanical Engineering Department of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The pace of code development activities has substantially increased in the past five years, growing from one to between four and six code developers. This has necessitated the use of software tools such as CVS (Concurrent Versions System) to help manage multiple version updates. While on-line documentation with an Adobe PDF manual helps to communicate software developments, periodically a summary document describing recent changes and improvements in DYNA3D software is needed. The first part of this report describes issues surrounding software versions and source control. The remainder of this report details the major capability improvements since the last publicly released version of DYNA3D in 1996. Not included here are the many hundreds of bug corrections and minor enhancements, nor the development in DYNA3D between the manual release in 1993[2] and the public code release in 1996.
Hartmann–Shack wavefront sensing without a lenslet array using a digital micromirror device (2018)

The common Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor makes use of a lenslet array to sample in-parallel optical wavefronts. Here, we introduce a Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor that employs a digital micromirror device in combination with a single lens for serial sampling by scanning. Sensing is analyzed numerically and validated experimentally using a deformable mirror operated in closed-loop adaptive optics with a conventional Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor, as well as with a set of ophthalmic trial lenses, to generate controllable amounts of monochromatic aberrations. The new sensor is free of crosstalk and can potentially operate at kilohertz speed. It offers a reconfigurable aperture that can exclude unwanted parts of the wavefront.
Zeolite Synthesis Using Flexible Diquaternary Alkylammonium Ions (C<i><sub>n</sub></i>H<sub>2</sub><i><sub>n</sub></i><sub>+1</sub>)<sub>2</sub>HN<sup>+</sup>(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>5</sub>N<sup>+</sup>H(C<i><sub>n</sub></i>H<sub>2</sub><i><sub>n</sub></i><sub>+1</sub>)<sub>2</sub>with<i>n</i>= 1−5 as Structure-Directing Agents (2005)

The use of a series of flexible, linear diquaternary alkylammonium ions (CnH2n+1)2HN+(CH2)5N+H(CnH2n+1)2 with n = 1−5 as structure-directing agents in zeolite syntheses is described. Among the ammonium ions studied here, the (CH3)2HN+(CH2)5N+H(CH3)2 and [(CH3)2CH]2HN+(CH2)5N+H[CH(CH3)2]2 ions were found to be new structure-directing agents for the crystallization of levyne and MCM-22, respectively. The overall synthesis results of this study reveal that the phase selectivity of the crystallization can differ according to both the length of the dialkyl substituents on the ammonium ion and the oxide composition of synthesis mixtures. The host−guest interactions in nonasil, ZSM-12, mordenite, and levyne containing (CH3)2HN+(CH2)5N+H(CH3)2 as a guest molecule are investigated by 1H−13C CP MAS NMR and Raman spectroscopies, and computer modeling studies, and it is shown that the organic guest molecules adopt distinct conformations in order to fit in the pores of each zeolite host.
Sympathetic Electromagnetically-Induced-Transparency Laser Cooling of Motional Modes in an Ion Chain (2013)

We use electromagnetically-induced-transparency laser cooling to cool motional modes of a linear ion chain. As a demonstration, we apply electromagnetically-induced-transparency cooling on 24Mg+ ions to cool the axial modes of a 9Be+-24Mg+ ion pair and a 9Be+-24Mg+-24Mg+-9Be+ ion chain, thereby sympathetically cooling the 9Be+ ions. Compared to previous implementations of conventional Raman sideband cooling, we achieve approximately an order-of-magnitude reduction in the duration required to cool the modes to near the ground state and significant reduction in required laser intensity.
Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics with Separate Photon Storage and Qubit Readout Modes (2010)

We present the realization of a cavity quantum electrodynamics setup in which photons of strongly different lifetimes are engineered in different harmonic modes of the same cavity. We achieve this in a superconducting transmission line resonator with superconducting qubits coupled to the different modes. One cavity mode is strongly coupled to a detection line for qubit state readout, while a second long lifetime mode is used for photon storage and coherent quantum operations. We demonstrate sideband-based measurement of photon coherence, generation of n photon Fock states and the scaling of the sideband Rabi frequency with square root of n using a scheme that may be extended to realize sideband-based two-qubit logic gates.
Learning Discriminative Dictionary for Group Sparse Representation (2014)

In recent years, sparse representation has been widely used in object recognition applications. How to learn the dictionary is a key issue to sparse representation. A popular method is to use l1 norm as the sparsity measurement of representation coefficients for dictionary learning. However, the l1 norm treats each atom in the dictionary independently, so the learned dictionary cannot well capture the multisubspaces structural information of the data. In addition, the learned subdictionary for each class usually shares some common atoms, which weakens the discriminative ability of the reconstruction error of each subdictionary. This paper presents a new dictionary learning model to improve sparse representation for image classification, which targets at learning a class-specific subdictionary for each class and a common subdictionary shared by all classes. The model is composed of a discriminative fidelity, a weighted group sparse constraint, and a subdictionary incoherence term. The discriminative fidelity encourages each class-specific subdictionary to sparsely represent the samples in the corresponding class. The weighted group sparse constraint term aims at capturing the structural information of the data. The subdictionary incoherence term is to make all subdictionaries independent as much as possible. Because the common subdictionary represents features shared by all classes, we only use the reconstruction error of each class-specific subdictionary for classification. Extensive experiments are conducted on several public image databases, and the experimental results demonstrate the power of the proposed method, compared with the state-of-the-arts.
Putative resistance genes in the CitEST database (2007)

Disease resistance in plants is usually associated with the activation of a wide variety of defense responses to prevent pathogen replication and/or movement. The ability of the host plant to recognize the pathogen and to activate defense responses is regulated by direct or indirect interaction between the products of plant resistance (R) and pathogen avirulence (Avr) genes. Attempted infection of plants by avirulent pathogens elicits a battery of defenses often followed by the collapse of the challenged host cells. Localized host cell death may help to prevent the pathogen from spreading to uninfected tissues, known as hypersensitive response (HR). When either the plant or the pathogen lacks its cognate gene, activation of the plant’s defense responses fails to occur or is delayed and does not prevent pathogen colonization. In the CitEST database, we identified 1,300 reads related to R genes in Citrus which have been reported in other plant species. These reads were translated in silico, and alignments of their amino acid sequences revealed the presence of characteristic domains and motifs that are specific to R gene classes. The description of the reads identified suggests that they function as resistance genes in citrus.
Search Space Design for Cross-Carrier Scheduling in Carrier Aggregation of LTE-Advanced System (2011)

CA (Carrier aggregation) is one of the most important techniques for LTE-Advanced system because of its capability to support wide bandwidth while achieving backward compatibility. In order to improve performance of control information transmission, cross-carrier scheduling is to be supported, i.e. control information on one CC (Component Carrier) can assign radio resource on another CC. Design of search space, in which control information is mapped, for different CCs is one of the most essential issues of cross-carrier scheduling. This paper presents two novel methods of search space design. In the first method, UE (User Equipment)-specific offset is introduced among search spaces of different CCs. Due to the UE-specific offsets, search spaces of different UEs are staggered with each other and probability that search space of one UE is wholly overlapped with that of another UE can be greatly reduced. In the second method, a novel randomization scheme is proposed to generate independent hashing functions for search spaces of different CCs. Because of ideal randomization of the proposed method, search space overlapping of different UEs is reduced. Simulation results show the proposed methods can effectively reduce blocking probability compared with existing methods.
Cyclodextrin-Mediated Enhancement of Riboflavin Solubility and Corneal Permeability (2013)

Cyclodextrins are water-soluble cyclic oligosaccharides consisting of six, seven, and eight α-(1,4)-linked glucopyranose subunits. This study reports the use of different cyclodextrins in eye drop formulations to improve the aqueous solubility and corneal permeability of riboflavin. Riboflavin is a poorly soluble drug with a solubility up to 0.08 mg mL(-1) in deionized water. It is used as a drug topically administered to the eye to mediate UV-induced corneal cross-linking in the treatment of keratoconus. Aqueous solutions of β-cyclodextrin (10-30 mg mL(-1)) can enhance the solubility of riboflavin up to 0.12-0.19 mg mL(-1), whereas the higher concentration of α-cyclodextrin (100 mg mL(-1)) achieved a lower level of enhancement of 0.11 mg mL(-1). The other oligosaccharides were found to be inefficient for this purpose. In vitro diffusion experiments performed with fresh and cryopreserved bovine cornea have demonstrated that β-cyclodextrin enhances riboflavin permeability. The mechanism of this enhancement was examined through microscopic histological analysis of the cornea and is discussed in this paper.
TRAIL-R deficiency in mice enhances lymph node metastasis without affecting primary tumor development (2008)

TRAIL is a promising anticancer agent due to its ability to selectively induce apoptosis in established tumor cell lines but not nontransformed cells. Herein, we demonstrate a role for the apoptosis-inducing TRAIL receptor (TRAIL-R) as a metastasis suppressor. Although mouse models employing tumor transplantation have shown that TRAIL can reduce tumor growth, autochthonous tumor models have generated conflicting results with respect to the physiological role of the TRAIL system during tumorigenesis. We used a multistage model of squamous cell carcinoma to examine the role of TRAIL-R throughout all steps of tumor development. DMBA/TPA-treated TRAIL-R-deficient mice showed neither an increase in number or growth rate of benign papillomas nor an increase in the rate of progression to squamous cell carcinoma. However, metastasis to lymph nodes was significantly enhanced, indicating a role for TRAIL-R specifically in the suppression of metastasis. We also found that adherent TRAIL-R-expressing skin carcinoma cells were TRAIL resistant in vitro but were sensitized to TRAIL upon detachment by inactivation of the ERK signaling pathway. As detachment from the primary tumor is an obligatory step in metastasis, this provides a possible mechanism by which TRAIL-R could inhibit metastasis. Hence, treatment of cancer patients with agonists of the apoptosis-inducing receptors for TRAIL may prove useful in reducing the incidence of metastasis.
Underground Storage Operations (1997)

Technology Today Series articles provide useful summary information on both classic and emerging concepts in petroleum engineering. Purpose: To provide the general reader with a basic understanding of a significant concept, technique, or development within a specific area of technology. HISTORY AND GROWTH The underground storage of natural gas, which began on an ongoing basis in the Zoar field, south of Buffalo, New York, in 1916, has grown to become a large and essential part of the natural gas delivery system. Early growth was slow because the industry itself grew at a slow pace. By 1925, only four pools with a total capacity of 7 Bcf were in use. This number increased to 15 pools by 1935, with 39 Bcf of capacity. The late 1930's saw the beginning of significant growth in both the number and capacity of these pools, and 75 pool sand 251 Bcf of storage capacity had developed by 1945. Another 10 years saw these figures more than double to 178 pools and 1,849 Bcf. This post-war expansion continued as natural gas became more widely used and pipeline expansion brought more and more gas into the northeast and other sections of the U.S. where it had not been previously available or where local supplies were declining. This rapid expansion of storage continued through 1965, with 293 pools and3,942 Bcf of capacity; by 1975, 376 pools were in use storing a total of 6,644Bcf of gas. Expansion has slowed somewhat since then, with approximately 400pools holding 7,800 Bcf by 1990 (Fig. 1). The location of these pools has also spread rapidly, with 27 states now having gas-storage pools. Much of this storage capacity is concentrated near large market areas in the middle Atlantic and north-central parts of the U.S. Storage has also become very important in the Canadian gas industry, which now has more than 30 pools holding 579 Bcf of gas. The facilities required for the gas-storage segment of the natural gas industry are also very significant, with approximately 18,500 gas-storage well sand 350 compressor stations with 1.75 million hp.
The Annual Report of the Rowett Research Institute (1975)

This Annual Report Covers the Work in Progress at the Rowett Research Institute, on Various Fields of Animal Nutrition, as Chemistry and Biochemistry of Plant and Animal Tissues, Nutritional Bacteriology, Physiology, Pathology and General Metabolic Studies Etc.
Linear-time smoke animation with vortex sheet meshes (2012)

We present the first quality physics-based smoke animation method which runs in time approximately linear in the size of the rendered two-dimensional visual detail. Our fundamental representation is a closed triangle mesh surface dividing space between clear air and a uniformly smoky region, on which we compute vortex sheet dynamics to accurately solve inviscid buoyant flow. We handle arbitrary moving no-stick solid boundaries and by default handle an infinite domain. The simulation itself runs in time linear to the number of triangles thanks to the use of a well-conditioned integral equation treatment together with a Fast Multipole Method for linear-time summations, providing excellent performance. Basic zero-albedo smoke rendering, with embedded solids, is easy to implement for interactive rates, and the mesh output can also serve as an extremely compact and detailed input to more sophisticated volume rendering.