gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flavonoids Act as Negative Regulators of Auxin Transport in Vivo in Arabidopsis (2001)

Polar transport of the plant hormone auxin controls many aspects of plant growth and development. A number of synthetic compounds have been shown to block the process of auxin transport by inhibition of the auxin efflux carrier complex. These synthetic auxin transport inhibitors may act by mimicking endogenous molecules. Flavonoids, a class of secondary plant metabolic compounds, have been suggested to be auxin transport inhibitors based on their in vitro activity. The hypothesis that flavonoids regulate auxin transport in vivo was tested in Arabidopsis by comparing wild-type (WT) and transparent testa (tt4) plants with a mutation in the gene encoding the first enzyme in flavonoid biosynthesis, chalcone synthase. In a comparison between tt4 and WT plants, phenotypic differences were observed, including three times as many secondary inflorescence stems, reduced plant height, decreased stem diameter, and increased secondary root development. Growth of WT Arabidopsis plants on naringenin, a biosynthetic precursor to those flavonoids with auxin transport inhibitor activity in vitro, leads to a reduction in root growth and gravitropism, similar to the effects of synthetic auxin transport inhibitors. Analyses of auxin transport in the inflorescence and hypocotyl of independent tt4 alleles indicate that auxin transport is elevated in plants with a tt4 mutation. In hypocotyls of tt4, this elevated transport is reversed when flavonoids are synthesized by growth of plants on the flavonoid precursor, naringenin. These results are consistent with a role for flavonoids as endogenous regulators of auxin transport.
EPR DETERMINATION OF MEMBRANE POTENTIALS (1981)

A large number of membrane processes are electrically active; that is, they involve the movement of charge within or through the membrane. Membrane electrical potentials are primary variables that must be measured in investigating such processes. A possible electrostatic potential profile across a membrane that delineates an interior and exterior space is shown in Figure l. �I/I, the transmembrane potential, is the potential difference between the bulk aqueous phases on either side of the membrane and results from separation of mobile charge across the membrane. The surface poten­ tials, 1/1'0,1/1.;, are the electrostatic potentials at the surfaces of the membrane relative to the potential of the bulk aqueous solution, and arise from fixed charge at the membrane-solution interface. Recently, Andersen et al (3) have described an internal membrane potential that arises from the adsorption of hydrophobic ions like tetraphenylborate in a region within the membrane low dielectric. This potential is termed the boundary potential and in this review is defined as 1/10,1/1;, the potential difference between the site of ion adsorption and the corre­ sponding bulk aqueous phase (see Figure 1). An important characteris­ tic of the boundary potential is that it arises from the charge density within a low dielectric and thus cannot be completely screened by high ionic strength (3). The potentials shown here ignore contributions from dipoles within the membrane structure and include only variable poten­ tials arising from charge separations involving mobile ions.
Fabrication of porous, drug‐releasing, biodegradable, polymer scaffolds for sustained drug release (2008)

Two different approaches were used to fabricate porous scaffolds, and their in vitro drug releasing characteristics were examined. In the first method, a poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) solution and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) + acetaminophen solution was homogenized. The emulsion was then blended with a PLLA solution in chloroform. The resultant emulsion was freeze-dried to form porous scaffolds. Various combinations were obtained by varying homogenizer speed and blender speed, and by varying the concentration of PVA and acetaminophen solutions. The in vitro drug-release study was performed for 6 days in a phosphate buffer. The influence of structure, porosity, and drug concentration of the scaffolds on drug-release rate was examined using design of experiments. In the second approach, scaffolds were prepared in layered constructs, with either a three-layered or five-layered structure. The PVA + acetaminophen solution was blended with PLLA solution using a blender. The drug-release study was performed for 19 days. The effect of drug concentration, blender speed, and the thickness of the layers on drug-release rate was examined.
Characterization of Highly Sulfonated SIBS Polymer Partially Neutralized With Mg(+2) Cations (2008)

In the search for selective membranes capable of separating protons from methanol for direct methanol fuel cells or chemical and biological toxins from water in chemical protective clothing, block copolymer ionomer membranes emerge. They are highly ordered sequence of both ionic and nonionic blocks, in which the ionic groups are randomly arranged along the polymer chain. This investigation studied one of these block copolymer ionomers, sulfonated poly(styrene-b-isobutylene-b-styrene). In this study, the characterization of transport properties and chemical structure of sulfonated poly(styrene-b-isobutylene-b-styrene) block copolymers that are partially crosslinked to a various levels with magnesium ions are reported. The vapor transport and solubility properties of both water and dimethyl-methyl phosphonate (DMMP) were studied as a function of concentration of magnesium ion exchanged into the sulfonated domains of the SIBS ionomer. The results indicate that vapor transport of both water and DMMP are significantly decreased when Mg(+2) is incorporated into the ionic polymer. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy results revealed that a significant amount of ordering occurred as a result on the incorporation of Mg(+2) ions. All the Mg(+2) ions were localized into the sulfonated domains, resulting in a tighter molecular packing arrangement and thus a more ordered structure. It is this ordered structure that causes the improvement in the transport properties.
A Perceptually Relevant Approach to Ringing Region Detection (2010)

An efficient approach toward a no-reference ringing metric intrinsically exists of two steps: first detecting regions in an image where ringing might occur, and second quantifying the ringing annoyance in these regions. This paper presents a novel approach toward the first step: the automatic detection of regions visually impaired by ringing artifacts in compressed images. It is a no-reference approach, taking into account the specific physical structure of ringing artifacts combined with properties of the human visual system (HVS). To maintain low complexity for real-time applications, the proposed approach adopts a perceptually relevant edge detector to capture regions in the image susceptible to ringing, and a simple yet efficient model of visual masking to determine ringing visibility. The approach is validated with the results of a psychovisual experiment, and its performance is compared to existing alternatives in literature for ringing region detection. Experimental results show that our method is promising in terms of both reliability and computational efficiency.
Absence of CD34 on Some Human SCID‐Repopulating Cells (1999)

The availability of in vivo repopulation assays has greatly aided the study of human hematopoietic stem cells. Here, I shall review recent data that has identified a novel class of human repopulating cells that do not express classical stem cell markers including CD34 but still retain the ability to repopulate nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice.
Soap‐based detergent formulations. XVI. Surface active sulfosuccinimides (1975)

Abstract A series of sodium N‐alkylsulfosuccinimides and N‐acyloxymethylsulfosuccinimides were prepared by reaction of the corresponding N‐alkylmaleimides and N‐acyloxymethylmaleimides with sodium bisulfite in aqueous ethanol. The N‐alkylmaleimides were prepared by dehydration of N‐alkylmaleamic acids with acetic anhydride and fused sodium acetate. The N‐acyloxymethylmaleimides were obtained by reaction of an acyl chloride with N‐methylolmaleimide in a pyridine‐acetone solvent. The surface active properties of the sulfonated derivatives showed them to be efficient lime soap dispersing agents with good calcium ion stability but relatively high Krafft points. The 2 types of compounds exhibited similar detergency characteristics under the conditions employed and were generally comparable to the control on a cotton‐polyester blend when used alone and in a ternary formulation with soap and silicate builder on cotton test cloths.
Intrarenal oxygenation: unique challenges and the biophysical basis of homeostasis (2008)

The kidney is faced with unique challenges for oxygen regulation, both because its function requires that perfusion greatly exceeds that required to meet metabolic demand and because vascular control in the kidney is dominated by mechanisms that regulate glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption. Because tubular sodium reabsorption accounts for most oxygen consumption (Vo2) in the kidney, renal Vo2 varies with glomerular filtration rate. This provides an intrinsic mechanism to match changes in oxygen delivery due to changes in renal blood flow (RBF) with changes in oxygen demand. Renal Vo2 is low relative to supply of oxygen, but diffusional arterial-to-venous (AV) oxygen shunting provides a mechanism by which oxygen superfluous to metabolic demand can bypass the renal microcirculation. This mechanism prevents development of tissue hyperoxia and subsequent tissue oxidation that would otherwise result from the mismatch between renal Vo2 and RBF. Recent evidence suggests that RBF-dependent changes in AV oxygen shunting may also help maintain stable tissue oxygen tension when RBF changes within the physiological range. However, AV oxygen shunting also renders the kidney susceptible to hypoxia. Given that tissue hypoxia is a hallmark of both acute renal injury and chronic renal disease, understanding the causes of tissue hypoxia is of great clinical importance. The simplistic paradigm of oxygenation depending only on the balance between local perfusion and Vo2 is inadequate to achieve this goal. To fully understand the control of renal oxygenation, we must consider a triad of factors that regulate intrarenal oxygenation: local perfusion, local Vo2, and AV oxygen shunting.
A multiphase harmonic load flow solution technique (1991)

The operation of nonlinear devices under unbalanced load conditions may cause harmonic problems in power systems. A computer-based multiphase harmonic load flow solution technique for analyzing such problems is described. The harmonic load flows are obtained from iterations between the Norton equivalent circuits of the nonlinear elements and the linear network solutions at harmonic frequencies. Harmonics generated by static VAr compensators with thyristor-controlled reactors under unbalanced load conditions are used to illustrate the method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reconfigurable AGU: An Address Generation Unit Based on Address Calculation Pattern for Low Energy and High Performance Embedded Processors (2009)

Low energy and high performance embedded processor is crucial in the future nomadic embedded systems design. Improvement of memory accesses, especially improvement of spatial and temporal locality is well known technique to reduce energy and increase performance. However, after transformations that improve locality, address calculation often becomes a bottleneck. In this paper, we propose novel AGU (Address Generation Unit) exploration and mapping technique based on a reconfigurable AGU model. Experimental results show that the proposed techniques help exploring AGU architectures effectively and designers can get trade-offs of real life applications for about 10 hours.
Selective <i>In Vivo</i> Targeting of Human Liver Tumors by Optimized AAV3 Vectors in a Murine Xenograft Model (2014)

Current challenges for recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector-based cancer treatment include the low efficiency and the lack of specificity in vivo. rAAV serotype 3 (rAAV3) vectors have previously been shown to be ineffective in normal mouse tissues following systemic administration. In the present study, we report that rAAV3 vectors can efficiently target and transduce various human liver cancer cells in vivo. Elimination of specific surface-exposed serine and threonine residues on rAAV3 capsids results in further augmentation in the transduction efficiency of these vectors, without any change in the viral tropism and cellular receptor interactions. In addition, we have identified a potential chemotherapy drug, shikonin, as a multifunctional compound to inhibit liver tumor growth as well as to significantly enhance the efficacy of rAAV vector-based gene therapy in vivo. Furthermore, we also document that suppression of tumorigenesis in a human liver cancer xenograft model can be achieved through systemic administration of the optimized rAAV3 vectors carrying a therapeutic gene, and shikonin at a dose that does not lead to liver damage. Our research provides a novel means to achieve not only targeted delivery but also the potential for gene therapy of human liver cancer.
Repetitive Switching for Inductive Energy Storage. (1982)

Abstract : This report describes the development and testing of a high current repetitive switch. The objective was to develop a switch capable of repetitively diverting current and energy from an inductive energy store into a load. A mechanical switch employing sliding electrical contacts was built and tested. The switch demonstrated performance exceeding design goals. In an inductive energy storage circuit the switch successfully commutated a current of 7640 A at a repetition rate of 33 Hz. The switch has been operated at repetition rates ranging from 1 Hz to 49 Hz. Over 1600 successful commutations have been achieved with no failures. (Author)
The role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in the induction of immune tolerance: focus on hematology (2008)

The regulation of the interaction between the immune system and antigens, which may lead to the induction of immune tolerance, is critical both under physiologic conditions and in different pathological settings. In the past few years, major strides have been made in our understanding of the molecular and cellular bases of this process. Novel pathways have been identified and several novel therapeutic agents are currently under clinical investigation for those diseases in which the normal balance between activation and suppression of the immune response is altered. The tryptophan catabolic enzyme, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), is one of the key players involved in the inhibition of cell proliferation, including that of activated T cells. Recent works have demonstrated a crucial role for IDO in the induction of immune tolerance during infection, pregnancy, transplantation, autoimmunity, and neoplasias, including hematologic malignancies. In this review, the role of IDO in the induction of immunologic tolerance is addressed with a specific focus on its recently discovered effect on hematologic malignancies.
Low Molecular Weight End-Functionalized Poly(N-Vinylpyrrolidinone) for the Modification of Polypeptide Aminogroups (1994)

New monofunctionalized amphiphilic oligomers, poly ( N-vinyl pyrrolidinones) with an hydroxyl end group, were prepared by radical polymerization with 2-isopropoxyethanol, fractionated by both gel-permeation chromatography and fractional precipitation. The terminal hydroxyl group oligomers was activated and reacted with the amino groups of a model peptide, and a protein. These hydroxylated oligomers were also converted to carboxylate end group which were also activated and used as protein and peptide modifying agents.
Molecular level ceramic/polymer composites. 2. Synthesis of polymer-trapped silica and titania nanoclusters (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular level ceramic/polymer composites. 2. Synthesis of polymer-trapped silica and titania nanoclustersManish Nandi, Jeanine A. Conklin, Lawrence Salvati, Jr., and Ayusman SenCite this: Chem. Mater. 1991, 3, 1, 201–206Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00013a040https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00013a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1006Altmetric-Citations232LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Guide to Carrying Out a Phylogenomic Target Sequence Capture Project (2020)

High-throughput DNA sequencing techniques enable time- and cost-effective sequencing of large portions of the genome. Instead of sequencing and annotating whole genomes, many phylogenetic studies focus sequencing effort on large sets of pre-selected loci, which further reduces costs and bioinformatic challenges while increasing coverage. One common approach that enriches loci before sequencing is often referred to as target sequence capture. This technique has been shown to be applicable to phylogenetic studies of greatly varying evolutionary depth. Moreover, it has proven to produce powerful, large multi-locus DNA sequence datasets suitable for phylogenetic analyses. However, target capture requires careful considerations, which may greatly affect the success of experiments. Here we provide a simple flowchart for designing phylogenomic target capture experiments. We discuss necessary decisions from the identification of target loci to the final bioinformatic processing of sequence data. We outline challenges and solutions related to the taxonomic scope, sample quality, and available genomic resources of target capture projects. We hope this review will serve as a useful roadmap for designing and carrying out successful phylogenetic target capture studies.
The use of carbon dioxide in big bags and containers for the control of pest in food products (2010)

Modified atmospheres (MA) based on high carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) contents offer an alternative to synthetic chemical fumigation for insect pest control in food commodities during storage and shipment processes. The present study aimed to establish the efficacy of using CO 2 in big bags and containers to prevent pests’ development. Four trials were conducted with gastight big bags (900 x 900 x 1000 or 1600 cm). Two of these trials were conducted with polished rice and samples of Sitophilus oryzae , one trial with chamomile infested with Lasioderma serricorne and one trial with cocoa and samples of Tribolium confusum and Ephestia kuehniella . Initial contents of CO 2 were higher than 75%, which decreased depending on exposure time (13 to 90 d) and food product. In all four trials the insects present in the infested samples were controlled with the MA. An additional trial was conducted in a 9 m container containing dried herbs in boxes, big bags and other pacaging formats. Twelve infested samples of L. serricorne and Plodia interpunctella were distributed uniformly at the bottom and top of the container. A concentration between 70% and 15% CO 2 was maintained for an exposure time of 18 d. In spite of the decrease in CO 2 content, the treatment was also effective to control all insects present in the samples. Our results confirmed that CO 2 could be applied to food products during the storage in big bags and containers to control the occurrence of pests. Keywords : Modified atmosphere, Carbon dioxide, Pest control, Stored-product pests.
A Unique Fatty Acid from Limnanthes douglasii Seed Oil: The C<sub>22</sub> Diene (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Unique Fatty Acid from Limnanthes douglasii Seed Oil: The C22 DieneM. O. BAGBY, C. R. SMITH Jr., T. K. MIWA, R. L. LOHMAR, and I. A. WOLFFCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 4, 1261–1265Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01063a067https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01063a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views80Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Flavor binding by whey proteins (1985)

Resultats de recherches concernant les techniques et les mecanismes de liaison des molecules aromatiques (nonanone-2 et nonanal) et des proteines (concentre proteique de lactoserum, albumine serique, β-lactoglobuline, α-lactalbumine) ; applications alimentaires possibles