gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Riqueza de morcegos insetívoros em lagoas no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (2012)

Amostragens de morcegos na região neotropical geralmente, contêm poucas espécies insetívoras. Apesar da elevada riqueza de morcegos insetívoros, o uso de rede de neblina resulta em baixa captura dessa guilda. As mais comumente amostradas no sudeste do Brasil são Molossus molossus, Molossus rufus e Myotis nigricans, mesmo representados por reduzido número de capturas são capturados próximos aos seus refúgios. Apesar de ser conhecida a preferência de espécies de morcegos insetívoros por ambientes ripários, poucos estudos têm explorado esses ambientes. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a riqueza de morcegos insetívoros em 31 lagoas no Estado do Rio de Janeiro usando redes de neblina. Em 1.995 horas de esforço de coleta, foram obtidas 2.159 capturas de 26 espécies exclusivamente ou parcialmente insetívoras. Oito espécies foram capturadas somente sobre as lagoas. A espécie mais frequente foi Myotis nigricans. Foi observado que as lagoas margeadas de florestas se mostraram ricas. A riqueza de espécies de morcegos nas lagoas não se diferenciou pela presença ou não de vegetação aquática e entre as lagoas salobras e doces. A amostragem em lagoas de tamanho médio ou grande e próximas a áreas residenciais podem ser as mais produtivas para a captura de espécies insetívoras. Três espécies amostradas são raramente citadas em inventários faunísticos: Macrophyllum macrophyllum, Lophostoma brasiliensis e Thyroptera tricolor. A realização de coletas com redes de neblina abertas sobre águas calmas foi mais representativa de morcegos insetívoros e pode resultar em uma melhor amostragem da assembleia de morcegos.
Transfection with <i>pax6</i> Gene of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells and Subsequent Cell Cloning Induced Retinal Neuron Progenitors, Including Retinal Ganglion Cell-Like Cells, in vitro (2009)

ESCs were applicable for the induction of retinal progenitor cells, including RGC-like cells, by transfection with the pax6 gene and subsequent limiting-dilution culture. Cloned cell lines may be useful to analyze the requirements for retinal progenitor cell differentiation, and our study suggests the clinical application of this cell type.
Designed Synthesis of Families of Misfit‐Layered Compounds (2008)

Abstract The synthesis of several new families of misfit‐layered compounds is demonstrated. These compounds are crystalline along the c ‐axis and in the ab ‐plane, but show very short coherence lengths between ab ‐planes. This disorder leads to ultra‐low and tunable thermal conductivity. Annealing isostructural samples under a chalcogen vapour until equilibrium is reached results in reproducible Seebeck and resistivity values. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
SNPeffect 4.0: on-line prediction of molecular and structural effects of protein-coding variants (2011)

Single nucleotide variants (SNVs) are, together with copy number variation, the primary source of variation in the human genome and are associated with phenotypic variation such as altered response to drug treatment and susceptibility to disease. Linking structural effects of non-synonymous SNVs to functional outcomes is a major issue in structural bioinformatics. The SNPeffect database (http://snpeffect.switchlab.org) uses sequence- and structure-based bioinformatics tools to predict the effect of protein-coding SNVs on the structural phenotype of proteins. It integrates aggregation prediction (TANGO), amyloid prediction (WALTZ), chaperone-binding prediction (LIMBO) and protein stability analysis (FoldX) for structural phenotyping. Additionally, SNPeffect holds information on affected catalytic sites and a number of post-translational modifications. The database contains all known human protein variants from UniProt, but users can now also submit custom protein variants for a SNPeffect analysis, including automated structure modeling. The new meta-analysis application allows plotting correlations between phenotypic features for a user-selected set of variants.
The Asbestos Industry (1955)

Report issued by the Bureau of Mines over the production and use of asbestos. Descriptions of the different types of asbestos are discussed. Its applications are also discussed. This report includes tables, illustrations, and photographs.
Vehicle 3-dimension measurement by monocular camera based on license plate (2016)

Monocular cameras are not generally considered as a 3D measurement tool in the field of intelligent transportations. This belief limits the application of monocular cameras in many applications such as guiding robots or vehicles for autonomous driving. In this paper, we demonstrate that with the reference of a license plate, a monocular camera can be used as a tool to measure 3 dimensional parameters (width, height and length) of a passenger vehicle down to 10 cm accuracy. The proposed measurement method does not reply on any training process, but is designed as a fast and direct approach utilizing a series of fundamental computer vision techniques such as ROI extraction, edge/line detection, space coordinates transformations, etc. A series of validation tests were conducted and the results demonstrated the robustness of this measurement method and implies the possibility to broaden the application scope of monocular cameras in the field of autonomous driving and intelligent transportation systems.
Isolation and Characterization of Major Outer Membrane Proteins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain PAO with Special Reference to Peptidoglycan-Associated Protein (1979)

The outer membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO contains six major proteins (proteins D, E, F, G,H, and I). Two of them (protein F and protein H) were found to be retained by the peptidoglycan layer when cell envelopes were extracted with 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution at 35 degrees C. At higher temperature (greater than 55 degrees C), no proteins were retained by peptidoglycan. By making use of this property, purification of protein F and protein H was achieved. Three other major outer membrane proteins, D, E, and I were also isolated and characterized. Their amino acids compositions were determined. Circular dichroism spectra of these isolated proteins were measured in SDS solution. Protein F was rich in beta-structure, while protein I was rich in alpha-helix. When isolated protein F was heated (100 degrees C-15 min) in SDS solution, the circular dichroism spectrum changed significantly. In parallel with the conformational change, the electrophoretic mobility of protein F on urea-SDS polyacrylamide gel also changed. These results indicate that protein F is a so-called heat-modifiable protein.
Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry: The effects of beam hardening on bone density measurements (1992)

X-ray tubes have superseded radionuclide sources for dual photon absorptiometry of the spine and hip. However, the use of a polyenergetic spectrum is a potential source of error for x-ray absorptiometers since beam hardening may result in a nonlinear measurement scale for bone mineral density (BMD). A quantitative study of the effects of beam hardening on measurements made with a commercial dual energy x-ray scanner has been performed. Bone was represented by layers of aluminum of linearly increasing thickness which were scanned under water thicknesses ranging from 0 to 25 cm to represent different body thicknesses of soft tissue. Beam hardening had two effects on measured BMD: (i) at a constant true BMD, measured BMD varied with water thickness; (ii) at a constant water thickness, the BMD scale was not precisely linear. For conditions appropriate to spine and hip studies (BMD) values in the range 0.7 to 1.4 g/cm2 and body thickness between 15 and 25 cm) the maximum deviation of measured BMD from a linear scale was 0.023 g/cm2, while the root-mean-square deviation (0.01 g/cm2) was comparable to the measurement precision for a spine or femoral neck scan (about 1%). The largest departures from linearity were found to occur at the thinnest water thicknesses for BMD values in the range 0.2 to 0.6 g/cm2. The effect of scale nonlinearity on the results of longitudinal studies was examined: for a spine scan at 20-cm body thickness, measured changes in BMD slightly overestimated the true change and implied an error of 0.15%/year for a measurement of a true rate of loss of 3% year in a postmenopausal woman.
Squaraine Dye for a Visibly Transparent All-Organic Optical Upconversion Device with Sensitivity at 1000 nm (2018)

Efficient light detection in the near-infrared (NIR) wavelength region is central to emerging applications such as medical imaging and machine vision. An organic upconverter (OUC) consists of a NIR-sensitive organic photodetector (OPD) and an visible organic light-emitting diode (OLED), connected in series. The device converts NIR light directly to visible light, allowing imaging of a NIR scene in the visible. Here, we present an OUC composed of a NIR-selective squaraine dye-based OPD and a fluorescent OLED. The OPD has a peak sensitivity at 980 nm and an internal photon-to-current conversion efficiency of ∼100%. The OUC conversion efficiency (0.27%) of NIR to visible light is close to the expected maximum. The materials of the OUC multilayer stack absorb very little light in the visible wavelength range. In combination with an optimized semitransparent metal top electrode, this enabled the fabrication of transparent OUCs with an average visible transmittance of 65% and a peak transmittance of 80% at 620 nm. Visibly transparent OUCs are interesting for window-integrated electronic circuits or imaging systems that allow for the simultaneous detection of directly transmitted visible and NIR upconverted light.
Counting and sampling triangles from a graph stream (2013)

This paper presents a new space-efficient algorithm for counting and sampling triangles--and more generally, constant-sized cliques--in a massive graph whose edges arrive as a stream. Compared to prior work, our algorithm yields significant improvements in the space and time complexity for these fundamental problems. Our algorithm is simple to implement and has very good practical performance on large graphs.
Lipids: Structure, physical properties and functionality (2006)

Basic concepts Solid-state behaviour of polymorphic fats and fatty acids Liquid- crystalline lipidwater phases The liquid state Lipids at the air-water interface - monolayers and multilayers in surface films, bubbles and foams Dispersions of lipid-water phases Interaction of lipids with proteins and polypeptides Emulsions Lipids of biological membranes Lipid barriers at the environment-body interface Drug delivery Foods.
Imidazolium-based ionic liquids grafted on solid surfaces (2014)

Supported ionic liquids (SILs), which refer to ionic liquids (ILs) immobilized on supports, are among the most important derivatives of ILs. The immobilization process of ILs can transfer their desired properties to substrates. Combination of the advantages of ILs with those of support materials will derive novel performances while retaining properties of both moieties. SILs have been widely applied in almost all of fields involving ILs, and have brought about drastic expansion of the ionic liquid area. As green media in organic catalytic reactions, based on utilizing the ability of ILs to stabilize the catalysts, they have many advantages over free ILs, including avoiding the leaching of ILs, reducing their amount, and improving the recoverability and reusability of both themselves and catalysts. This has critical significance from both environmental and economical points of view. As novel functional materials in surface science and material chemistry, SILs are ideal surface modifying agents. They can modify and improve the properties of solids, such as wettability, lubricating property, separation efficiency and electrochemical response. With the achievements in the field of ILs, using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to SILs has drawn increasing attention in catalytic reactions and separation technologies, and achieved substantial progress. The combination of MNPs and ILs renders magnetic SILs, which exhibit the unique properties of ILs as well as facile separation by an external magnetic field. In this article, we focus on imidazolium-based ILs covalently grafted to non-porous and porous inorganic materials. The excellent stability and durability of this kind of SILs offer a great advantage compared with free ILs and IL films physically adsorbed on substrates without covalent bonds. Including examples from our own research, we overview mainly the applications and achievements of covalent-linked SILs in catalytic reactions, surface modification, separation technologies and electrochemistry.
Thermal Stability of Sputtered Iridium Oxide Films (1989)

"Dry" and partially hydrated films of were prepared by reactive sputtering. Their thermal stability was investigated by means of XPS, x‐ray diffraction, and resistivity measurements. Dry films decomposed at about 400°C in air and at 200°C in vacuum (10−2 Pa), whereas partially hydrated films decomposed at 350° and 150°C, respectively. After electrochemical treatments of the films mounted as electrochromic electrodes in an electrolytic cell, the decomposition occurred at different temperatures. In particular, the bleached state was found to have the relatively low decomposition temperature of about 100°C in air.
Application of derivative-free methodologies to generally constrained oil production optimisation problems (2011)

Oil production optimisation involves the determination of optimum well controls (well pressures, injection rates) to maximise an objective function such as net present value. These problems typically include physical and economic restrictions, which introduce general constraints into the optimisations. Cost function and constraint evaluations entail calls to a reservoir flow simulator. In many situations, gradient information is not available, so derivative-free (non-invasive, black-box) optimisation methods are of interest. This work entails a comparative study of several derivative-free methods applied to generally constrained production optimisation problems. The methods considered include generalised pattern search, Hooke-Jeeves direct search, and a genetic algorithm. Penalty function and filter-based methods are applied for constraint handling. Numerical results for optimisation problems of varying complexity highlight the relative advantages and disadvantages of these procedures. Several combinations of approaches are shown to perform well for the generally constrained cases considered.
Exact maximum likelihood estimation of superimposed exponential signals in noise (2005)

A unified framework for the exact Maximum Likelihood estimation of the parameters of superimposed exponential signals in noise, encompassing both the single and the multiexperiment cases (respectively the time series and the array problems), is presented. An exact expression for the ML criterion is derived in terms of the prediction polynomial of the noiseless signal, and an iterative algorithm for the maximization of this criterion is presented. A simulation example shows the estimator to be capable of providing more accurate frequency estimates than currently existing techniques.
Molecular cloning of human Syk. A B cell protein-tyrosine kinase associated with the surface immunoglobulin M-B cell receptor complex. (1994)

B cell antigen receptors are multicomponent complexes consisting of the surface immunoglobulin and accessory molecules with associating protein-tyrosine kinases. A spleen tyrosine kinase, Syk, in porcine B cells and a 72-kDa protein-tyrosine kinase, PTK72, in murine B cells associate with the B cell antigen receptor. Herein, we report the isolation of a full-length cDNA encoding the human homologue of Syk. This cDNA predicted a polypeptide consisting of two NH2-terminal SH2 domains and a COOH-terminal tyrosine kinase domain. Syk is highly conserved between human and swine and is homologous to the T cell-associated protein-tyrosine kinase ZAP-70. Both Syk mRNA and protein were detected in cells derived from multiple hematopoietic lineages. Within the B cell compartment, Syk was expressed from pro-B cells to plasma cells. In vitro kinase assays conducted on the human Syk protein isolated from B cells revealed the presence of autophosphorylation activity on Syk tyrosine residues. Tyrosine phosphorylation of Syk associating with the B cell receptor complex in human was augmented rapidly after surface immunoglobulin cross-linking. The human SYK locus was mapped to chromosome 9 at band q22.
Improving the acceleration of ray tracing estimation in an urban environment (2008)

In Fig. 5, the absolute value of the complex received signal of the measured and simulated path loss characteristics for the LOS and NLOS mixed experimental scenario is presented. An NLOS region (80m≤d <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">route</inf> ≤305m) and a LOS region (305m≤d <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">route</inf> ≤600m) have a bisymmetrical path loss graph due to the round trip route.The RMS prediction error for the total route using the proposed ray tracing method is 5.10 dB. This paper presented the advanced ray search algorithm to reduce computation load. Considering an urban environment, the viewing volume and the advanced visibility determination method are proposed. The results show that in real complex urban environment, the proposed method can compute ray tree DB with reducing computation load. From the comparison between the path loss measurement and the ray tracing estimation, the proposed ray tracing method can give reasonable computation time and the predictions are in good agreement with the measurement
Measuring non-native speakers' proficiency of English by using a test with automatically-generated fill-in-the-blank questions (2005)

This paper proposes the automatic generation of Fill-in-the-Blank Questions (FBQs) together with testing based on Item Response Theory (IRT) to measure English proficiency. First, the proposal generates an FBQ from a given sentence in English. The position of a blank in the sentence is determined, and the word at that position is considered as the correct choice. The candidates for incorrect choices for the blank are hypothesized through a thesaurus. Then, each of the candidates is verified by using the Web. Finally, the blanked sentence, the correct choice and the incorrect choices surviving the verification are together laid out to form the FBQ. Second, the proficiency of non-native speakers who took the test consisting of such FBQs is estimated through IRT.
Planarization by radio-frequency bias sputtering of aluminum as studied experimentally and by computer simulation (1985)

Aluminum was deposited on silicon grooves with an aspect ratio (depth/width) of 0.27 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ 0.5 by rf sputtering with substrate bias leading to the planarization of the silicon structure. This process was also studied by computer simulation. Excellent agreement between experimental and simulated profiles was achieved. The simulation makes it possible to study the influence of single parameters (redeposition and ion energy) on profile evolution separately, which cannot be done experimentally.
Contractile properties of the pig bladder mucosa in response to neurokinin A: a role for myofibroblasts? (2008)

This study has shown both functional and histological evidence for contractile properties of the mucosa, distinct from the detrusor. Mucosal contractions to NKA appear to be directly mediated via NK2 receptors. The main cell type mediating mucosal contractions is suggested to be suburothelial myofibroblasts. Mucosal contractions may be important in vivo for matching the luminal surface area to bladder volume.
A dual‐frequency compact microstrip patch antenna (2001)

In this paper, a new dual‐frequency, compact antenna, which uses an H‐shaped microstrip patch with a shorting pin, is described. Compared with the conventional rectangular patch antenna, this antenna can achieve both a significant reduction of antenna size and a dual‐frequency operation with a single feed. More freedoms for tuning the resonant frequencies, the frequency ratio, and the input impedance are available because of more design parameters. A detailed parameter study is performed, and the theoretical analysis is based on the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. The FDTD programs are developed and validated by measurement results. The effects of several antenna parameters on two resonant frequencies, frequency ratio, and radiation pattern characteristics of the antenna are analyzed and compared. It is shown that various frequency ratios (1.91–4.23) can be obtained by varying the design parameters of this antenna. Several design curves are presented.
Application of speech analytics in information space monitoring systems (2017)

In this paper we analyze the possibilities of using speech analytics and speech technologies to monitor the information space. The “Analyze” speech analytics system is used to perform audio data analysis. Analyze, an automated keyword spotting system, is based on large vocabulary continuous speech recognition approach. Our system can handle both previously recorded audio files, and analyze the voice stream in real time. If we include a keyword spotting system into our information space monitoring systems, we will significantly expand the range of information sources and monitor the controlled environment more effectively.
Carboplatin dosage: prospective evaluation of a simple formula based on renal function. (1989)

A dosage formula has been derived from a retrospective analysis of carboplatin pharmacokinetics in 18 patients with pretreatment glomerular filtration rates (GFR) in the range of 33 to 136 mL/min. Carboplatin plasma clearance was linearly related to GFR (r = 0.85, P less than .00001) and rearrangements of the equation describing the correlation gave the dosage formula dose (mg) = target area under the free carboplatin plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC) x (1.2 x GFR + 20). In a prospective clinical and pharmacokinetic study the formula was used to determine the dose required to treat 31 patients (GFR range, 33 to 135 mL/min) with 40 courses of carboplatin. The target AUC was escalated from 3 to 8 mg carboplatin/mL/min. Over this AUC range the formula accurately predicted the observed AUC (observed/predicted ratio 1.24 +/- 0.11, r = 0.886) and using these additional data, the formula was refined. Dose (mg) = target AUC x (GFR + 25) is now the recommended formula. AUC values of 4 to 6 and 6 to 8 mg/mL. min gave rise to manageable hematological toxicity in previously treated and untreated patients, respectively, and hence target AUC values of 5 and 7 mg/mL min are recommended for single-agent carboplatin in these patient groups. Pharmacokinetic modeling demonstrated that the formula was reasonably accurate regardless of whether a one- or two-compartment model most accurately described carboplatin pharmacokinetics, assuming that body size did not influence nonrenal clearance. The validity of this assumption was demonstrated in 13 patients where no correlation between surface area and nonrenal clearance was found (r = .31, P = .30). Therefore, the formula provides a simple and consistent method of determining carboplatin dose in adults. Since the measure of carboplatin exposure in the formula is AUC, and not toxicity, it will not be influenced by previous or concurrent myelosuppressive therapy or supportive measures. The formula is therefore applicable to combination and high-dose studies as well as conventional single-agent therapy, although the target AUC for carboplatin will need to be redefined for combination chemotherapy.