gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance improvement of wavelet-based scalable video coder based on pre-decoder side rate-distortion optimization (2004)

In wavelet-based scalable video coding, the encoder generates one large bit-stream and the pre-decoder can truncate it to have an arbitrary size by using the embedding principle. Most conventional rate control algorithms utilize some information available only at the encoder, thus, it cannot be applied directly in the scalable video coders since the actual bit allocation should be performed after the encoding phase. We modify the rate-distortion (R-D) function and propose a new rate control algorithm based on the modified R-D function, which uses only the pre-decoder side information. In addition, since large PSNR variation results in noticeable visual artifacts at low PSNR frames, we propose a novel distortion flattening technique to reduce the variance of PSNR curve and to improve the performance of low PSNR frames. Experimental results have shown that the both proposed methods improved the average PSNR, and especially, the proposed distortion flattening technique makes the visual quality more consistent.
Simulation of a new product workcell (1997)

As part of an ABB training program, two manufacturing engineers introduced a manufacturing facility to the benefits of modeling and simulation. The project goal was to evaluate a proposed manufacturing cell for a newly developed product.
Fuzzy systems to solve inverse kinematics problem in robots control: application to an hexapod robots' leg (2002)

The complexity of walking robots poses a number of control problems due to the large number of degrees of freedom involved in the robot's motion. This work deals with the design of a hexapod robot, whose legs have 3 rotative joints and the same configuration. The kinematics analysis of one leg is presented and used to generate data for black box identification using fuzzy systems and neural networks: the direct kinematics is used to generate the training data and the inverse kinematics is used to generate the testing data. Two fuzzy systems and a neural network are used as general black box methods to solve the inverse kinematics problem in robots' leg control. Results have shown that reasonable precision can be achieved with low computational cost.
Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies of a Novel Carbonyl Reductase Isolated from <i>Candida Parapsilosis</i> (1993)

The novel carbonyl reductase from Candida parapsilosis (CPCR) exhibits a very broad substrate specificity, accepting primary and secondary alcohols, aldehydes, ketoacetals, aliphatic and aromatic ketones, cyclic ketones, diketones, halogenated ketones, keto esters and halogenated keto esters of variable chain length as substrates. Based on the kinetic constants of a variety of different substrates a hypothetical model of the substrate-binding site is proposed. The small alkyl side chain of the carbonyl compound is bound to a small pocket of the binding site, while the large alkyl group is orientated towards the large hydrophobic pocket. This model and the kinetic data enables the prediction of whether a substrate of interest may be reduced by the CPCR. Product inhibition studies are reported which show that the kinetic mechanism of the CPCR is Ordered Bi-Bi, with the nucleotide adding to free enzyme before the other substrate. Alcohols and/or ketones are adsorbed at sites other than the active site and alter the catalytic properties of the enzyme. The enzyme transfers the pro-R hydride of NADH to the re face of the carbonyl compounds yielding (S) alcohols.
Desulfurization of Flue Gas: SO<sub>2</sub> Absorption by an Ionic Liquid (2004)

The ionic liquid, (IL) 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidinium lactate, can absorb SO2 from simulated flue gas effectively under ambient conditions (see scheme). Absorbed SO2 can be desorbed under vacuum or by heating, and the IL can be reused. This absorption method might be used for cleaning gases that contain SO2.
Interval estimation of process capability index c<sub>pk</sub> (1990)

Several sampling distribution properties of the estimator for Cpk. are presented under the assumption that the data are normal, independent and identically distributed. In particular, the expectation, variance and skewness are derived. Since the sampling distribution is only weakly skewed, we concluded that a symmetric interval estimator for Cpk . might be reasonable. We developed such a symmetric interval estimator and conducted a simulation study to explore its coverage probabilities.
Magnetic resonance for<i>in vitro</i>medical diagnostics: superparamagnetic nanoparticle-based magnetic relaxation switches (2011)

Advances in magnetic resonance (MR) miniaturization, along with nanoparticles and biotechnology, are extending MR applications in diagnostics to beyond the medical imaging regime. The principles behind magnetic resonance switch (MRSw) biosensors, as well as a summary of rapidly developing fields including MR miniaturization and MRSw demonstrations, are presented here. Due to the range of applications of MRSw biosensor tests and the breakthroughs in downsized instruments, continued development will enable the deployment of MRSw biosensors in a wide variety of settings and with potentially unlimited targets.
Metabolic Characteristics Associated with Starch, Protein, and Oil Deposition in Developing Maize Kernels (1991)

The physiological processes that control relative starch, protein, and oil concentration of maize( Zea mays L.) kernels are not well defined. In this study, associationS between Metabolic Characteristics of developing kernels and specific storage product accumulation in mature kernels were identified. In a field experiment, kernels of maize genotypes with widely divergent chemical composition were harvested 50 days post pollination (DPP) to compare starch, protein, and oil concentrations with enzyme activities, sugar,and aminoc acid levels of kernels harvested 20 DPP. Mature kernels starch concentrations were correlated with immature kernel sucrose concentrations and ADP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase activities. Amino acid concentrations in immature kernels were correlated with the activities of phosphoglucoisomerase, Phosphoglucomutase, pyrophosphate: fructose 6‐ phosphalt 1‐phosphotransferase, and aldolasea and with mature kernel protein concentrations, but negatively correlated with starch concentrations. Oil concentrations were positively correlated with mature embryo dry weights and with malate dehydrogenase activities in isolated embryos harvested 20 DPP. The results suggest a complex interaction of sugars and amino acids supplied to the kernel by the plant affecting enzyme activities and storage product accumulation the developing kernel. High‐starch genotypes supplied more sucrose to their kernels, had higher ADP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase activity, and greater starch accumulation. High‐protein genotypes supplied more amino acids to their kernels, and had enhanced expression of a number of enzymes that may contribute to the greater protein accumulation. These data suggest that nutrient supply interacts with expression of enzyme activities in developing kernels to determine starch and protein concentrations in mature kernels.
ChemInform Abstract: A MILD AND FACILE SYNTHESIS OF ALKYL‐ AND ALKYLPHOSPHONYL DICHLORIDES UNDER NEUTRAL CONDITIONS. REACTION OF BIS(TRIMETHYLSILYL) PHOSPHONATES WITH PHOSPHORUS(V) CHLORIDE (1980)

Abstract Phosphonsäuredialkylester (I) werden über die Trimethylsilylverbindungen (III) glatt und in hohen Ausbeuten in die Phosphonyldichloride (IV) übergeführt.
Membrane Receptor for Prolate Phages is Not Required for Infection of Lactococcus lactis by Small or Large Isometric Phages (1998)

Lactococcus lactis contains a chromosomal gene ( pip) for a membrane protein that serves as a receptor for the prolate bacteriophage c2 and other phages of the c2 species. A mutated allele of this receptor gene was used to replace the wild-type allele in L. lactis strains MM210, NCK 203, and C2. Allele replacement was confirmed by the presence of a restriction site marker in a polymerase chain reaction product from the mutated allele. The mutated pip derivative of strain C2 was completely resistant to phages of the c2 species but was fully sensitive to the small isometric phage sk1 of the 936 species, as expected. The mutated derivatives of MM210 and NCK203 were fully sensitive to the small isometric phages mm210b and 31 (p335 species) and to the large isometric phage 949 (949 species). These results show that pip is not required for infection by phages of species 936, p335, or 949. The resultant mutants grew as well as the parental strains in liquid media. The mutated derivatives of MM210 and C2 acidified and clotted milk as readily as the wild-type strains. These results show that phage receptor replacement in a commercial strain of L. lactis does not affect growth and acid production in milk.
Aspartate glucan, glycine glucan, and serine glucan for the removal of cobalt and copper from solutions and brines (1985)

Aspartate glucan, glycine glucan, and serine glucan obtained by reductive amination of oxalacetic acid, glyoxylic acid, and beta-hydroxypyruvic acid, respectively, with polyglucosamine were tested as chromatographic chelating media. Crosslinked glycine glucan exhibited high capacities for cobalt and copper, even in acidic solutions (pH 2.9). Breakthrough points for 10 mg/L solutions through 6.0 x 0.6 cm columns containing 200 mg of polymer were at 1.8 L for both ions; for 1 mg/L solutions, they were at 4.0 and 12.0 L for cobalt and copper, respectively. Crosslinked glycine glucan could remove microgram amounts of cobalt and copper from fluoride and chloride brines. Cobalt and copper could be separated by elution with 0.25M sulfuric acid.
THE PEROXIDE EFFECT IN THE ADDITION OF REAGENTS TO UNSATURATED COMPOUNDS. XXVIII. THE ADDITION OF MERCAPTANS TO METHYL ACRYLATE (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE PEROXIDE EFFECT IN THE ADDITION OF REAGENTS TO UNSATURATED COMPOUNDS. XXVIII. THE ADDITION OF MERCAPTANS TO METHYL ACRYLATEM. S. KHARASCH and CHARLES F. FUCHSCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1948, 13, 1, 97–100Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01159a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01159a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views203Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
건국이후 이루어진 경찰과 검찰의 수사권논쟁에 대한 총체적 내용분석(content analysis) (2005)

본 연구의 목적은 건국이래 계속하여 진행되고 있는 경찰과 경찰의 수사권에 대한 갈등을 주제로 한 연구들의 특징을 분석하고자 하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 1950년부터 2004년 7월까지 발간된 학위논문, 학술지 게제논문, 단행본, 연구보고서, 연구논문 등에 대하여 내용분석(content analysis)기법이 이용되었다. 본 연구를 통하여 실증적인 연구방법을 사용한 것은 2%에 불과하였고, 9%가 연구자의 주장 또는 이념만을 나타내는 규범적 접근이었다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 연대별로는 문민정부가 들어선 1990년대 이후 수사권 연구에 대한 관심이 증대하고 있음이 드러났다. 또한 경찰 수사권 독립의 찬반의 입장과 관련하여서는 전체 연구의 약 80%가 찬성을, 약 20%가 반대한는 것으로 나타났으며, 찬성과 반대 논거는 시대별로 그 강조정이 변하고 있었다.
The sym-Triphenylcyclopropenyl Cation, a Novel Aromatic System<sup>1</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe sym-Triphenylcyclopropenyl Cation, a Novel Aromatic System1Ronald Breslow and Chin YuanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 22, 5991–5994Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01555a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01555a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views966Altmetric-Citations106LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Monitoring hypnotic effect and nociception with two EEG-derived indices, qCON and qNOX, during general anaesthesia (2014)

The qCON was able to reliably detect LOC during general anaesthesia with propofol and remifentanil. The qNOX showed significant overlap between movers and non-movers, but it was able to predict whether or not the patient would move as a response to noxious stimulation, although the anaesthetic concentrations were similar.
An accurate low iteration algorithm for effective capacitance computation (2004)

This paper presents an efficient and accurate approach to calculate effective capacitances in the presence of RC interconnect loads. In the pre-characterization process, the gate model is selected such that the output of the model matches both the delay and the shape of the real gate response. In order to determine the effective capacitance, a novel algorithm is developed to efficiently and accurately calculate the propagation delay from circuit elements. This algorithm requires at most two iterations to obtain effective capacitances that produce gate delays within 4% of HSPICE results. This is at most half the time required by the currently used method to calculate effective capacitances.
Combined hyperlipidaemia as a presenting sign of cholesteryl ester storage disease (2009)

Summary Lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) deficiency results in Wolman disease and cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD), a more benign form. CESD is a recessive disorder characterized by hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, low blood HDL and variable phenotype, while hepatomegaly is usually evident during childhood or adolescence. An 11‐year‐old girl was referred to our department for combined hyperlipidaemia (total cholesterol 323, triglycerides 259 mg/dl). All family members had normal lipid profile and liver function tests. At 8 years she was admitted for acute Epstein–Barr virus infection, with hepatosplenomegaly and elevation of liver enzymes. Liver‐spleen enlargement resolved, but serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were persistently twice the upper limits, with other liver function tests within the normal range. Ultrasonography showed normal liver and spleen size and minimal hepatic steatosis. Infectious, autoimmune and metabolic causes of elevated liver enzymes were ruled out, including glycogen storage disease. Dysbetalipoproteinaemia was also ruled out (ApoE phenotype: E3E3). In the following 2 years the girl was symptom‐free, BMI was at the 50th–75th centile for age and lipid profile was unchanged despite a low‐fat diet. At 13 years of age, low acid lipase activity was demonstrated in leukocytes (10 nmol/h/per mg protein, normal 140–380) and cultured skin fibroblasts (181 nmol/h per mg protein, normal 1100–2400), leading to diagnosis of CESD. CESD usually progresses to hepatic fibrosis, with high risk of premature atherosclerosis. CESD prevalence may be underestimated in the general population. The diagnosis may be considered in all subjects with atypical combined hyperlipidaemia (usually dominant in transmission or related to metabolic syndrome) and atypical ‘fatty liver disease’, in the absence of overweight.
2-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Acts as a Novel Anticancer Agent (2015)

2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CyD) is a cyclic oligosaccharide that is widely used as an enabling excipient in pharmaceutical formulations, but also as a cholesterol modifier. HP-β-CyD has recently been approved for the treatment of Niemann-Pick Type C disease, a lysosomal lipid storage disorder, and is used in clinical practice. Since cholesterol accumulation and/or dysregulated cholesterol metabolism has been described in various malignancies, including leukemia, we hypothesized that HP-β-CyD itself might have anticancer effects. This study provides evidence that HP-β-CyD inhibits leukemic cell proliferation at physiologically available doses. First, we identified the potency of HP-β-CyD in vitro against various leukemic cell lines derived from acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). HP-β-CyD treatment reduced intracellular cholesterol resulting in significant leukemic cell growth inhibition through G2/M cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Intraperitoneal injection of HP-β-CyD significantly improved survival in leukemia mouse models. Importantly, HP-β-CyD also showed anticancer effects against CML cells expressing a T315I BCR-ABL mutation (that confers resistance to most ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors), and hypoxia-adapted CML cells that have characteristics of leukemic stem cells. In addition, colony forming ability of human primary AML and CML cells was inhibited by HP-β-CyD. Systemic administration of HP-β-CyD to mice had no significant adverse effects. These data suggest that HP-β-CyD is a promising anticancer agent regardless of disease or cellular characteristics.
Regulation of NDR2 Protein Kinase by Multi-site Phosphorylation and the S100B Calcium-binding Protein (2004)

Nuclear Dbf2-related (NDR) protein kinases are a family of AGC group kinases that are involved in the regulation of cell division and cell morphology. We describe the cloning and characterization of the human and mouse NDR2, a second mammalian isoform of NDR protein kinase. NDR1 and NDR2 share 86% amino acid identity and are highly conserved between human and mouse. However, they differ in expression pattern; mouse Ndr1 is expressed mainly in spleen, lung and thymus, whereas mouse Ndr2 shows highest expression in the gastrointestinal tract. NDR2 is potently activated in cells following treatment with the protein phosphatase 2A inhibitor okadaic acid, which also results in phosphorylation on the activation segment residue Ser-282 and the hydrophobic motif residue Thr-442. We show that Ser-282 becomes autophosphorylated in vivo, whereas Thr-442 is targeted by an upstream kinase. This phosphorylation can be mimicked by replacing the hydrophobic motif of NDR2 with a PRK2-derived sequence, resulting in a constitutively active kinase. Similar to NDR1, the autophosphorylation of NDR2 protein kinase was stimulated in vitro by S100B, an EF-hand Ca(2+)-binding protein of the S100 family, suggesting that the two isoforms are regulated by the same mechanisms. Further we show a predominant cytoplasmic localization of ectopically expressed NDR2.
Cr Nd Energy Transfer and Nd Laser Action Studies of La Ga SiO Cr Nd Co-Doped Crystal (1997)

andez Abstract— Energy transfer between Cr and Nd ions has been investigated in the 4.2-300-K temperature range by using steady-state and site-selective time-resolved laser spectroscopy. Radiative and nonradiative energy transfer has been studied from the time-resolved emission spectra and the donor fluorescence decays. The transfer efficiency was calculated as a function of temperature by using the Cr lifetimes of the single doped and co-doped samples. Laser experiments were carried out in a diffusive cavity by pumping a co-doped rod 54 mm long and 5 mm in diameter with Xenon flashlamps. The laser spectral emission shows a complex structure which varies as a function of pump energy. The temporal evolution of the laser spectrum is discussed in terms of a simple four-level spectral rate-equation laser model which takes into account the existence of two main broad Nd site distributions with a large spectral overlap.
Design and Implementation of Behavior Recognition System Based on Convolutional Neural Network (2017)

We build a set of human behavior recognition system based on the convolution neural network constructed for the specific human behavior in public places. Firstly, video of human behavior data set will be segmented into images, then we process the images by the method of background subtraction to extract moving foreground characters of body. Secondly, the training data sets are trained into the designed convolution neural network, and the depth learning network is constructed by stochastic gradient descent. Finally, the various behaviors of samples are classified and identified with the obtained network model, and the recognition results are compared with the current mainstream methods. The result show that the convolution neural network can study human behavior model automatically and identify human’s behaviors without any manually annotated trainings.
Modulation of human aorta smooth muscle cell phenotype: a study of muscle-specific variants of vinculin, caldesmon, and actin expression. (1988)

Vinculin- and caldesmon-immunoreactive forms and actin isoform patterns were studied in samples of normal and atherosclerotic human aorta. After removal of adventitia and endothelium, the remaining tissue was divided into three layers: media, muscular-elastic (adjacent to media) intima, and subendothelial (juxtaluminal) intima. In media of normal aorta, meta-vinculin accounted for 41.0 +/- 0.9% (mean +/- SEM) of total immunoreactive vinculin (meta-vinculin + vinculin); 150-kDa caldesmon accounted for 78.2 +/- 5.1% of immunoreactive caldesmon (150-kDa + 70-kDa); the fractional contents of alpha-smooth muscle actin, beta-nonmuscle, and gamma-isoactins were 49.0 +/- 0.6%, 30.4 +/- 0.6%, and 20.8 +/- 0.8%, respectively. Muscular-elastic intima was very similar to media by these criteria. In subendothelial intima, the fractional content of meta-vinculin and 150-kDa caldesmon was significantly lower (6.9 +/- 1.5% and 32.7 +/- 7.0%, respectively) than in muscular-elastic intima and media, whereas the isoactin pattern was identical to that in adjacent layers, demonstrating the smooth muscle origin of subendothelial intima cells. In atherosclerotic fibrous plaque, the fractional content of alpha-actin was decreased in subendothelial intima, rather than in media and muscular-elastic intima. Additionally, the proportion of subendothelial intima cells [i.e., the cells that express low amounts of smooth muscle phenotype markers (meta-vinculin, 150-kDa caldesmon, and alpha-actin)] in the total intima cell population increased dramatically in atherosclerotic fibrous plaque. The results suggest that changes in the relative content of meta-vinculin and 150-kDa caldesmon as well as alpha-actin in human aortic intima are associated with atherosclerosis although, in subendothelial intima of normal aorta, a certain smooth muscle cell population exists that expresses reduced amounts of "contractile" phenotype markers, even in the absence of the disease.