gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increasing signal processing sophistication in the calculation of the respiratory modulation of the photoplethysmogram (DPOP) (2014)

DPOP (∆POP or Delta-POP) is a non-invasive parameter which measures the strength of respiratory modulations present in the pulse oximetry photoplethysmogram (pleth) waveform. It has been proposed as a non-invasive surrogate parameter for pulse pressure variation (PPV) used in the prediction of the response to volume expansion in hypovolemic patients. Many groups have reported on the DPOP parameter and its correlation with PPV using various semi-automated algorithmic implementations. The study reported here demonstrates the performance gains made by adding increasingly sophisticated signal processing components to a fully automated DPOP algorithm. A DPOP algorithm was coded and its performance systematically enhanced through a series of code module alterations and additions. Each algorithm iteration was tested on data from 20 mechanically ventilated OR patients. Correlation coefficients and ROC curve statistics were computed at each stage. For the purposes of the analysis we split the data into a manually selected 'stable' region subset of the data containing relatively noise free segments and a 'global' set incorporating the whole data record. Performance gains were measured in terms of correlation against PPV measurements in OR patients undergoing controlled mechanical ventilation. Through increasingly advanced pre-processing and post-processing enhancements to the algorithm, the correlation coefficient between DPOP and PPV improved from a baseline value of R = 0.347 to R = 0.852 for the stable data set, and, correspondingly, R = 0.225 to R = 0.728 for the more challenging global data set. Marked gains in algorithm performance are achievable for manually selected stable regions of the signals using relatively simple algorithm enhancements. Significant additional algorithm enhancements, including a correction for low perfusion values, were required before similar gains were realised for the more challenging global data set.
Text mining (1999)

Text mining applies the same analytical functions of data mining to the domain of textual information, relying on sophisticated text analysis techniques that distill information from free-text documents. IBM's Intelligent Miner for Text provides the necessary tools to unlock the business information that is "trapped" in email, insurance claims, news feeds, or other document repositories. It has been successfully applied in analyzing patent portfolios, customer complaint letters, and even competitors' Web pages. After defining our notion of "text mining", we focus on the differences between text and data mining and describe in some more detail the unique technologies that are key to successful text mining.
V/f PWM inverter with motor parameter identification and voltage auto-boost capabilities (2002)

A V/f control algorithm is presented that is based on constant air-gap flux control with inverter output voltage autoboost. This algorithm permits the realization of variable-voltage-variable-frequency (VVVF) control with a simple system configuration. In addition, as a result of the sine wave modulation of the inverter output voltage, there is a decrease of the torque ripple, an improvement of the efficiency, and a reduction of vibrations and noise. The algorithm permits an automatic boost of the voltage which maintains the same air-gap density. The voltage autoboost method is based on knowledge of the load characteristics and equivalent circuit parameters of the induction motor. An offline automeasurement technique for these parameters is described. The complete control system has been constructed and tested. The test results have been found satisfactory with the use of simple 8 bit microprocessors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dimensions, Birefringences, and Force-Elongation Behavior of Major and Minor Ampullate Silk Fibers from Orb-Web-Spinning Spiders—The Effects of Wetting on these Properties (1977)

The effects of wetting by water were determined on the dimensions, birefringences, and force-elongation behavior of major and minor ampullate silk fibers from Araneus diadematus Clerck, and major only from Araneus sericatus Clerck and Araneus gemma (McCook) (all family Araneidae). The values obtained at room conditions (RC), in the wetted, restrained (WR) and wetted, axially unrestrained (WU) states, the ratios of these, between states, are reported upon. The unexpected supercontraction of major ampullate fibers, WU, is contrasted with the stabile behavior of those from the minor ampullate gland systems. When dried from the WR state, both types appear to recover their RC properties. But when dried slack from the WU state, the major ampullate fibers undergo the “drawing” phenomenon typical of many man-made protofibers. The techniques required in order to secure data on these fragile (diameters, 0.6–6.0 μm) fibers, are described in some detail.
<i>PCOTH</i>, a Novel Gene Overexpressed in Prostate Cancers, Promotes Prostate Cancer Cell Growth through Phosphorylation of Oncoprotein TAF-Iβ/SET (2005)

Through genome-wide cDNA microarray analysis coupled with microdissection of prostate cancer cells, we identified a novel gene, prostate collagen triple helix (PCOTH), showing overexpression in prostate cancer cells and its precursor cells, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). Immunohistochemical analysis using polyclonal anti-PCOTH antibody confirmed elevated expression of PCOTH, a 100-amino-acid protein containing collagen triple-helix repeats, in prostate cancer cells and PINs. Knocking down PCOTH expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) resulted in drastic attenuation of prostate cancer cell growth, and concordantly, LNCaP derivative cells that were designed to constitutively express exogenous PCOTH showed higher growth rate than LNCaP cells transfected with mock vector, suggesting the growth-promoting effect of PCOTH on prostate cancer cell. To investigate the biological mechanisms of this growth-promoting effect, we applied two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) to analyze the phospho-protein fractions in LNCaP cells transfected with PCOTH. We found that the phosphorylation level of oncoprotein TAF-Ibeta/SET was significantly elevated in LNCaP cells transfected with PCOTH than control LNCaP cells, and these findings were confirmed by Western blotting and in-gel kinase assay. Furthermore, knockdown of endogenous TAF-Ibeta expression by siRNA also attenuated viability of prostate cancer cells as well. These findings suggest that PCOTH is involved in growth and survival of prostate cancer cells thorough, in parts, the TAF-Ibeta pathway, and that this molecule should be a promising target for development of new therapeutic strategies for prostate cancers.
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) transcription during latency in human ganglia: prevalence of VZV gene 21 transcripts in latently infected human ganglia (1995)

Reverse transcriptase-linked PCR was used to determine the prevalence of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) gene 21 transcription in latently infected human ganglia. Under conditions wherein reverse transcriptase-linked PCR detected > or = 1,000 transcripts, VZV gene 21 RNA, but not VZV gene 40 RNA, was found in ganglia but not other tissues from five of seven humans.
Puede reconstruirse Afganistán (2006)

Una conferencia internacional de donantes celebrada en Londres ha generado nuevos compromisos sustanciales de ayuda monetaria para Afganistán. La ayuda llega en un momento de inestabilidad e inseguridad en el maltrecho país y de creciente desilusión entre los afganos de a pie a causa de la lentitud de la reconstrucción.\n\nA la “Conferencia de Londres” de dos días que finalizó el 1 de febrero de 2006 acudieron representantes de aproximadamente 70 países, que de forma conjunta prometieron un total de 10.500 millones de dólares para ayudar a Afganistán a combatir la pobreza, mejorar la seguridad y emprender medidas enérgicas contra el narcotráfico. La reunión también lanzó el “Pacto de Afganistán”, un exhaustivo plan quinquenal por el que la comunidad internacional se compromete a ayudar a reconstruir el país. Estas promesas llegan en un momento crítico, después de que las grandes expectativas despertadas tras el derrocamiento del régimen talibán hayan dado lugar a un sentimiento popular de frustración y cinismo debido al lento ritmo de la reconstrucción. Además, la situación global en materia de seguridad en Afganistán se ha deteriorado notablemente: 2005 fue el año con mayor número de víctimas mortales desde la invasión estadounidense en 2001. Gran parte de la violencia está siendo perpetrada por insurgentes talibán que han reorganizado sus fuerzas y están adoptando las tácticas terroristas empleadas en Irak para minar al Gobierno afgano respaldado por Occidente. El creciente derramamiento de sangre llega en un momento en el que las fuerzas estadounidenses empiezan a transferir el control sobre determinadas regiones de Afganistán –con una fuerte presencia de insurgentes– a fuerzas de mantenimiento de paz de la OTAN que ni están entrenadas ni están equipadas para vencer a los talibán y otras milicias contrarias al Gobierno. Así, a la misión internacional de proteger y reconstruir Afganistán le queda un largo camino por recorrer.
Detection of Phloridzin in Strawberries (<i>Fragaria x ananassa</i> Duch.) by HPLC−PDA−MS/MS and NMR Spectroscopy (2003)

The phenolic profile of strawberry fruits (Fragaria x ananassa Duch., Rosaceae) was investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. A peak displaying retention time and UV spectral data identical to those of phloridzin (phloretin 2'-O-beta-d-glucoside), a dihydrochalcone glucoside so far considered characteristic of apples, was monitored. For further characterization, crude extracts of strawberries were purified on polyamide, and the target compound was isolated by preparative and analytical HPLC. Structure elucidation was performed on the basis of APCI- and ESI-MS in the negative ion mode as well as by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy using authentic phloridzin for comparison. The d-configuration of the sugar moiety was established by HPLC analysis of the corresponding acyclic 1-deoxy-1-(N-acetyl-alpha-methylbenzylamino)alditol acetate. Apart from its chemotaxonomic relevance, this first report on the occurrence of phloridzin in strawberries is of particular interest for the authenticity control of strawberry products such as juices, jams, and fruit preparations since phloridzin has so far been used for the detection of fraudulent admixtures.
Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: recent theoretical advances (2000)

The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning has emerged as a major scientific issue today. As experiments progress, there is a growing need for adequate theories and models to provide robust interpretations and generalisations of experimental results, and to formulate new hypotheses. This paper provides an overview of recent theoretical advances that have been made on the two major questions in this area: (1) How does biodiversity affect the magnitude of ecosystem processes (short‐term effects of biodiversity)? (2) How does biodiversity contribute to the stability and maintenance of ecosystem processes in the face of perturbations (long‐term effects of biodiversity)? Positive short‐term effects of species diversity on ecosystem processes, such as primary productivity and nutrient retention, have been explained by two major types of mechanisms: (1) functional niche complementarity (the complementarity effect), and (2) selection of extreme trait values (the selection effect). In both cases, biodiversity provides a range of phenotypic trait variation. In the complementarity effect, trait variation then forms the basis for a permanent association of species that enhances collective performance. In the selection effect, trait variation comes into play only as an initial condition, and a selective process then promotes dominance by species with extreme trait values. Major differences between within‐site effects of biodiversity and across‐site productivity–diversity patterns have also been clarified. The local effects of diversity on ecosystem processes are expected to be masked by the effects of varying environmental parameters in across‐site comparisons. A major reappraisal of the paradigm that has dominated during the last decades seems necessary if we are to account for long‐term effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning. The classical deterministic, equilibrium approaches to stability do not explain the reduced temporal variability of aggregate ecosystem properties that has been observed in more diverse systems. On the other hand, stochastic, nonequilibrium approaches do show two types of biodiversity effects on ecosystem productivity in a fluctuating environment: (1) a buffering effect, i.e., a reduction in the temporal variance; and (2) a performance‐enhancing effect, i.e., an increase in the temporal mean. The basic mechanisms involved in these long‐term insurance effects are very similar to those that operate in short‐term biodiversity effects: temporal niche complementarity, and selection of extreme trait values. The ability of species diversity to provide an insurance against environmental fluctuations and a reservoir of variation allowing adaptation to changing conditions may be critical in a long‐term perspective. These recent theoretical developments in the area of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning suggest that linking community and ecosystem ecology is a fruitful avenue, which paves the way for a new ecological synthesis.
DESIGN FOR TESTABILITY USING SCANPATH TECHNIQUES FOR PATH-DELAY TEST AND MEASUREMENT (2005)

1. Abstract This paper describes a novel flip-flop design which is used in performing internal path-delay test and measurement using scanpath technique:;. Also described is the design for a boundary-scan cell that enables inpUtlOUtpUt delays to be measured. The paper includes a real-life application example.
Astrologische Mode und die Hilflosigkeit der Aufklärung (1995)

Ein Denken, das von der Vorstellung einer stellaren Vorbestimmtheit ausgeht, ist heute weit verbreitet. Wenn auch der Esoterik-Boom der 80er Jahre zurückgegangen ist, so haben sich andererseits in den 90er Jahren die Strukturen dieser Subkultur verfestigt und sich eine Etablierung der Esoterik und New Age Bewegung eingestellt, wie ein einfacher Blick in die gelben Seiten des Telephonbuchs und in die Anzeigenspalten der Stadtmagazine zeigt. Wenn das Angebot an “Tantrakursen”, “Chakrenmeditiation”, diversen Massagen, “Astrodrama” und astrologischer, esoterischer oder magischer “Lebensberatung” auch noch nicht das Ausmaß angenommen hat, das Hans Magnus Enzensberger in Italien ausmacht1, so gibt es doch ein großes Angebot an esoterischen und mantischen Therapie- und Beratungsformen, die nicht nur auf den Markt, sondern auch auf die Anerkennung durch die Krankenkassen drängen. Die Astrologie nimmt unter den verschiedenen Offerten nicht unbedingt eine besondere Stellung ein, sie ist aber wohl die am weitesten verbreitete der abergläubischen Formen, die jeweils auf eine besondere Zielgruppe unterschiedlich zugeschnitten wird: Es ist bekannt, daß die “Bildzeitung” das größte Publikationsorgan für alle Arten von Aberglauben in einer Form darstellt, die den alten Volksglauben beerbt hat, während die ausführlichere Form der “höheren Astrologie” sich an die Mittelschichten wendet.
Redistribution of substrates to adipose tissue promotes obesity in mice with selective insulin resistance in muscle (2000)

Insulin resistance is a major characteristic of various metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity (1, 2). It is well known that skeletal muscle is a major tissue responsible for insulinmediated glucose uptake However, owing to multiple defects in insulin action in various insulin-resistant states, it has been difficult to determine the relative contribution of different insulinresponsive organs in the development of whole-body insulin resistance (7). Using the Cre-loxP-mediated recombination system with a muscle creatine kinase promoter, Bruning et al. ( Surprisingly, these mice displayed an increase in body fat and serum lipids, but normal glucose concentrations, despite a severe impairment in the insulin-signaling pathway in muscle (8). In this study, we conducted hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps in MIRKO and control mice to assess insulin action in individual tissues and to examine the mechanism of compensation in this model of pure skeletal muscle insulin resistance.
Upregulation of Foxp3 Expression in Mouse and Human Treg Is IL‐2/STAT5 Dependent (2006)

Regulatory T cells (Treg), characterized as CD4(+)/CD25(+hi) T cells, are critical for sustaining and promoting immune tolerance. Treg are highly dependent on IL-2 and IL-2 signaling to maintain their numbers and function and interruption of this pathway promotes autoimmunity. The transcription factor, Foxp3, is also required for Treg function as defective Foxp3 promotes autoimmunity in both mice and humans. We previously reported a point mutation in the DNA-binding domain of the NOD STAT5B gene that limits DNA binding when compared to wild-type STAT5 mice. Based on the presence of five STAT5B consensus sequences in the Foxp3 promotor, we hypothesized a critical linkage between IL-2 signaling/STAT5B and Foxp3 expression in Treg. Our data show IL-2 activates long-form (LF) STAT5 and sustains Foxp3 expression in Treg. In contrast, CD4(+)/CD25(-) T cells do not active LF STAT5 and do not express Foxp3 under the same conditions. In addition, blocking LF STAT5 activation with a Jak inhibitor (AG-490) significantly reduced Foxp3 expression in Treg. Examination of human Treg using flow cytometry and intracellular staining for Foxp3 expression likewise demonstrates that IL-2 maintains Foxp3 expression through LF STAT5 signaling. These studies reveal a critical link between IL-2 mediated JAK-STAT5 signaling and the maintenance of Foxp3 expression in Treg of mice and humans.
Improvement of the Current Loop Circuit for AC and DC Applications Based on Digital Signal Processing (2006)

This paper presents the advanced digital modifications of the conventional DC Anderson current loop circuit for impedance transducers as presented by Anderson (1998). The statistical DSP algorithms of current loop responses are applied for diminishing of measurement errors. The improved DC loop circuit used for absolute resistance measurement with high precision is offered. The experimental result showing the advantages of described circuit are presented. The AC loop circuit has some additional advantages such as possibility to operate with any type of resistance or reactance sensors, and considerable increase in accuracy and quality of measurements to be compared with AC bridges. The results obtained are dedicated to replace high-accuracy and expensive measuring bridges with current loop circuits
Evidence Regarding the UV Sunscreen Role of a Mycosporine-Like Compound in the Cyanobacterium <i>Gloeocapsa</i> sp (1993)

The UV sunscreen role commonly ascribed to mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) was investigated with an isolate of the terrestrial cyanobacterium Gloeocapsa sp. strain C-90-Cal-G.(2), which accumulates intracellularly an MAA with absorbance maximum at 326 nm but produces no extracellular sunscreen compound (i.e., scytonemin). The intracellular concentrations of MAA achieved were directly related to the intensity of the UV radiation (maximum at 320 nm) received by the cells. However, the presence of high concentrations of MAA was not necessary for the physiological acclimation of the cultures to UV radiation. The measured sunscreen factor due to MAA in single cells was 0.3 (the MAA prevented 3 out of 10 photons from hitting potential cytoplasmic targets). High contents of MAA in the cells correlated with increased resistance to UV radiation. However, when resistance was gauged under conditions of desiccation, with inoperative physiological photoprotective and repair mechanisms, cells with high MAA specific contents were only 20 to 25% more resistant. Although UV radiation centered around both 320 and 365 nm resulted in chlorophyll a photobleaching and photoinhibition of photosynthesis, the difference in sensitivity correlated with MAA accumulation occurred only at 320 nm (absorbed by MAA) and not at 365 nm (not absorbed by MAA). This difference represents the maximal protection ascribable to the presence of MAA for single cells, i.e., if one does not consider the enhancing effects of colony formation on protection by sunscreens.
Cadmium and platinum suppression of erythropoietin production in cell culture: clinical implications (2000)

Both toxic exposure to cadmium and cancer therapy with cisplatin (CDDP) can induce anemia in patients owing to the insufficient production of erythropoietin (EPO). Therefore, the effects of cadmium chloride (Cd) and CDDP in the Hep3B human hepatoma cell line, which up-regulates EPO expression in response to hypoxia and cobalt (Co), were investigated. The induction of binding activity of the HIF-1 transcription factor and EPO mRNA expression and protein production were suppressed by Cd and CDDP in a dose-dependent manner with no apparent cell damage. Mercuric chloride also suppressed hypoxia- and Co-induced EPO production, mRNA expression, and HIF-1 binding in a manner similar to Cd and CDDP, whereas zinc chloride suppressed Co-induced EPO production, mRNA expression, and HIF-1 binding but did not affect hypoxia induction or that observed after simultaneous exposure to hypoxia and Co. In contrast, lead and tin salts had no effect on HIF-1 activation or EPO expression. These results indicate that Cd and CDDP have a strong and specific inhibitory effect on hypoxia- and Co-induced signaling and EPO induction in hepatic cells. It is likely that these agents cause anemia by directly impacting EPO production in the kidney.
Testmessung zur elektrischen Prospektion eines Megalithgrabes in Vale de Rodrigo 3, concelho Evora, Portugal (2021)

Deutsche Zusammenfassung folgt.
RTRB-01UTILIZING THE GENOMICALLY ADJUSTED DOSE (GAD) TO IDENTIFY PATIENTS FOR ADJUVANT RADIATION DOSE ESCALATION IN GLIOBLASTOMA (2015)

BACKROUND: We have previously validated a multi-gene model of tumor radiosensitivity (RSI) in glioblastoma (GBM). We propose a model to personalize radiotherapy dose utilizing the linear quadratic model. METHODS: As RSI models the surviving fraction at 2 Gy (SF2), we are able to derive a patient specific alpha. These terms were used in the linear quadratic model to calculate a genomically adjusted dose (GAD) to model radiation effect. Clinical and array-based gene expression (Affymetrix HT Human Genome U133 Array Plate Set) level 2 data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Inclusion criteria were receipt of radiation and temozolomide, expression data to determine RSI and MGMT level, and dose and fractionation. RESULTS: Median follow-up in this cohort was 11.4 months (range: 1.5-91 months). In patients with low MGMT expression (dichotomized at the median), age (p = 0.03) and ECOG performance status (p < 0.001) were found to be predictors of overall survival (OS) while GAD (p = 0.98) was not. When restricting the analysis to patients with high MGMT expression (n = 98), GAD was found to be a predictor of OS on univariate (p = 0.039) and multivariate analyses (p = 0.01) when assessed by quartiles. Kaplan-Meier (KM) rates of OS at 12 and 24 months were 77.1% and 32.1% in quartile 4 (GAD ≥ 17.6) compared to 52.4% and 17.5% in quartile 1 (GAD <8.5). We then modeled GAD for an escalated dose to 70 Gy, 80 Gy, and 90 Gy, and found an additional 25, 29, and 38 patients, respectively, in the MGMT high cohort who could achieve GAD ≥ 17.6 (quartile 4) with dose escalation. CONCLUSIONS: Modeling dose escalation with GAD, we identified a select population of patients with high MGMT expression whom we hypothesize may benefit from genomically guided increased dose in the adjuvant setting. This population may represent a cohort for future clinical trial enrollment.