gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pain Intensity Processing Within the Human Brain: A Bilateral, Distributed Mechanism (1999)

Functional imaging studies of human subjects have identified a diverse assortment of brain areas that are engaged in the processing of pain. Although many of these brain areas are highly interconnected and are engaged in multiple processing roles, each area has been typically considered in isolation. Accordingly, little attention has been given to the global functional organization of brain mechanisms mediating pain processing. In the present investigation, we have combined positron emission tomography with psychophysical assessment of graded painful stimuli to better characterize the multiregional organization of supraspinal pain processing mechanisms and to identify a brain mechanism subserving the processing of pain intensity. Multiple regression analysis revealed statistically reliable relationships between perceived pain intensity and activation of a functionally diverse group of brain regions, including those important in sensation, motor control, affect, and attention. Pain intensity-related activation occurred bilaterally in the cerebellum, putamen, thalamus, insula, anterior cingulate cortex, and secondary somatosensory cortex, contralaterally in the primary somatosensory cortex and supplementary motor area, and ipsilaterally in the ventral premotor area. These results confirm the existence of a highly distributed, bilateral supraspinal mechanism engaged in the processing of pain intensity. The conservation of pain intensity information across multiple, functionally distinct brain areas contrasts sharply with traditional views that sensory-discriminative processing of pain is confined within the somatosensory cortex and can account for the preservation of conscious awareness of pain intensity after extensive cerebral cortical lesions.
Absence of Stark shift in strained Si1−<i>x</i>Ge<i>x</i>/Si type-I quantum wells (1996)

Excitonic photoluminescence in a transverse electric field has been studied in strained Si1−xGex/Si type-I quantum wells (QWs) in the weak field regime. With increasing electric field, a steady blue-shift of the free exciton emission energies has been observed, thereby suppressing the anticipated downward shift due to a quantum confined Stark effect. It is revealed that a field-driven decrease of the exciton binding energies gives a good account of the experimental blue-shift for a wide range of well widths, which is also in good agreement with variational calculations. We also find that the extremely small conduction band offset characteristic of stained Si1−xGex/Si type-I QWs is responsible for the absence of the Stark red-shift and the mixed dimensionality.
Isolation and complementation analysis of 10 methanol oxidation mutant classes and identification of the methanol dehydrogenase structural gene of Methylobacterium sp. strain AM1 (1986)

A method has been developed for the direct selection of methanol oxidation mutants of the facultative methylotroph Methylobacterium sp. strain AM1 (formerly Pseudomonas sp. strain AM1). Using this direct selection technique, we have isolated mutants of Methylobacterium sp. strain AM1 that are no longer capable of growth on methanol but retain the ability to grow on methylamine. These methanol oxidation (Mox) mutants were complemented with a genomic clone bank of this organism constructed in the broad-host-range cosmid pVK100, and subcloning and Tn5 mutagenesis experiments have assigned the Mox mutants to 10 distinct complementation groups. Using an open reading frame beta-galactosidase fusion vector and antibodies specific for Methylobacterium sp. strain AM1 methanol dehydrogenase, we have identified the methanol dehydrogenase structural gene and determined the direction of transcription. The results suggest that the synthesis and utilization of an active methanol dehydrogenase in this organism requires at least 10 different gene functions.
On the development of superconducting microstrip filters for mobile communications applications (1999)

This paper presents recent developments of an eight-pole planar high-temperature superconducting (HTS) bandpass filter with a quasi-elliptic function response. A novel planar filter configuration that allows a pair of transmission zeros to be placed at the band edges is described. The miniature HTS filter has a fraction bandwidth less than 1% and is designed for mobile communication base-station applications to increase sensitivity and selectivity. Design considerations including filter characteristics, design approach, sensitivity analysis and unloaded quality factor of resonators are addressed. The filter was fabricated using double-sided YBCO thin film on an MgO substrate of size 0.3/spl times/22.5/spl times/39 mm. Very good experimental results were obtained with the filter cooled using liquid nitrogen. The minimum passband loss was measured to be approximately 1 dB. The passband width at points 1 dB down from the minimum loss point was 12.8 MHz for a center frequency of 1738.5 MHz. High selectivity was achieved with a 30-dB rejection bandwidth of 16 MHz.
Power-constrained embedded memory BIST architecture (2004)

A new flexible, hierarchical and distributed power-constrained embedded memory built-in self-test (BIST) architecture for complex and heterogeneous systems-on-a-chip (SOCs) is presented. The proposed architecture consists of a shared technology-independent BIST controller, low area and low power memory BIST wrappers and serial interconnect between them for low routing-overhead. Due to its flexibility, in addition to reducing routing complexity and achieving high test concurrency under power constraints, the presented solution can simultaneously support multiple test algorithms for heterogeneous memories, as well as embed custom test algorithms required for new memory faults.
Smart Energy (2020)

Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is paving the way for the transition from traditional power grids to the smart grid. This chapter provides details on the overall AMI operation together with a formalization of an AMI as a Service (AMIaaS) concept that is expected to allow Utilities to fully unlock the possibilities brought to the Smart Grid via adoption of the internet of things (IoT) approach. Regarding the ability of Utilities to quickly overview the status of the power grid graphically, the use case is simple, where each of the Utility virtual network functions will gather data either directly from their physical counterpart or indirectly via Virtual Machine Cloud Machine (vMCM). Through AMIaaS, the Utilities will be able to support a transactive energy framework, according to which energy services, like selling or buying, will be the result of instantaneous, traceable exchange of messages (requests/replies) between the involved parties.
Vertical Carbon Nanotube Devices With Nanoscale Lengths Controlled Without Lithography (2009)

Vertical single-walled carbon nanotubes (v-SWCNTs) are synthesized within highly ordered porous anodic alumina (PAA) templates supported on Si substrates. A process for obtaining thin-film PAA with long-range ordered nanopores is presented in this paper. Each nanopore contains at most one v-SWCNT that is supported by a dielectric and addressed by electrochemically formed Pd nanowire source contacts and evaporated Pd drain contacts. Characteristics of these completely vertical, two-terminal nanotube devices are presented. Control of the v-SWCNT length is demonstrated using a straightforward etching process with lengths of less than 100 nm achieved without the need for complex/expensive lithography. This effective nanoscale length control of highly ordered v-SWCNTs provides a practical basis for the realization of CNT-based nanoelectronics.
Efficient Embedded Computing (2008)

Hardwired ASICs - 50X more efficient than programmable processors - sacrifice programmability to meet the efficiency requirements of demanding embedded systems. Programmable processors use energy mostly to supply instructions and data to the arithmetic units, and several techniques can reduce instruction- and data-supply energy costs. Using these techniques in the Stanford ELM processor closes the gap with ASICs to within 3X.
Isolation and identification of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) root saponins: their activity in relation to a fungal bioassay (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation and identification of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) root saponins: their activity in relation to a fungal bioassayWieslaw Oleszek, Keith R. Price, Ian J. Colquhoun, Marian Jurzysta, Michal Ploszynski, and G. Roger FenwickCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1990, 38, 9, 1810–1817Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00099a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00099a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views557Altmetric-Citations87LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efficacy of dentifrices containing policresulen in controlling dental plaque and gingivitis formation (2015)

Objectives: This clinical study aimed to investigate if dentifrices containing policresulen would help to control dental plaque and gingivitis. Methods: Seventy-eight eligible adults participated in this double-blind and randomized clinical study after an initial oral examination, calculus removal, and tooth prophylaxis. Two weeks after the procedure, the participants were assigned to three groups using the following dentifrices: (1) a dentifrice containing 0.22% NaF (control group); (2) a dentifrice containing 0.22% NaF and 100 ppm policresulen (policresulen group); and (3) a dentifrice containing 0.22% NaF, 100 ppm policresulen, and 1.00% bamboo salt (policresulen/bamboo group). The participants used only the provided dentifrice (for 1 min, twice a day, over 8 weeks) when brushing their teeth and followed their normal brushing habits. Dental plaque accumulation and gingivitis measurements were conducted using the Turesky modification of the Quigley-Hein plaque index (PI), the Le and Silness gingival index (GI), and the percent bleeding on probing (%BOP) to obtain baseline data and 4-and 8-week data after grouping. Results: A total of 73 participants aged 35.9211.46 years (meanSD) completed the study. The results after 8 weeks demonstrated statistically significant group-by-time interactions for PI, GI, and %BOP (P<0.001). The PI observed in the control groups increased over time up to 6%, while that observed in the dentifrice groups containing policresulen decreased by 5% (P<0.001). For GI and %BOP, the control group exhibited significantly higher values after 8 weeks, while the policresulen and the policresulen/ bamboo groups revealed similar index values as the baseline after 4 and 8 weeks. The changes in all indices were significantly different between the control and the two experimental groups. There were no significant differences in the results obtained from the policresulen/bamboo group and the results obtained from the policresulen group. Conclusions: Use of dentifrices containing policresulen over 8 weeks demonstrated anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis efficacy compared to a control dentifrice.
Template-based rendering of run-length- encoded volumes (1998)

Template-based volume rendering is a technique to accelerate volume ray casting. It does not trade off image quality for rendering speed. However, it still falls short of interactive manipulation of volume data, mainly owing to the ray-by-ray volume access pattern and the long ray path in the transparent regions. In this paper we present an object-order template-based volume rendering method that uses run-length encoding to enable skipping highly transparent regions. We present three algorithms, one for each principal axis direction. By combining the advantages of object-order volume traversal and run-length encoded volumes, the algorithms achieve high quality rendering in a much shorter time than the original template-based volume rendering. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The “SOMSEM”—An SEM‐based scanning optical microscope (1985)

Abstract No one form of microscopy is ideal for all applications and, in general, significant advances are made by correlating several techniques. In this paper, a scanning optical microscope is discussed which is based on the SEM and is entirely compatible with it. This new hybrid instrument, known as the SOMSEM, has been demonstrated using a converted SEM specimen stage and a standard Cambridge Stereoscan 250 Mk II microscope. The operating principles have been verified, and silicon MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) devices have been successfully imaged using the OBIC (optical beam induced current) mode thus avoiding electron beam damage. Potential applications and future developments are briefly discussed.
Access-Control Policies via Belnap Logic: Effective and Efficient Composition and Analysis (2008)

It is difficult to develop and manage large, multi-author access control policies without a means to compose larger policies from smaller ones. Ideally, an access-control policy language will have a small set of simple policy combinators that allow for all desired policy compositions. In \cite{BH07}, a policy language was presented having policy combinators based on Belnap logic, a four-valued logic in which truth values correspond to policy results of "grant", "deny", "conflict", and "undefined". We show here how policies in this language can be analyzed, and study the expressiveness of the language. To support policy analysis, we define a query language in which policy analysis questions can be phrased. Queries can be translated into a fragment of first-order logic for which satisfiability and validity checks are computable by SAT solvers or BDDs. We show how policy analysis can then be carried out through model checking, validity checking, and assume-guarantee reasoning over such translated queries. We also present static analysis methods for the particular questions of whether policies contain gaps or conflicts. Finally, we establish expressiveness results showing that all {\em data independent} policies can be expressed in our policy language.
Yield-aware analog integrated circuit optimization using geostatistics motivated performance modeling (2007)

Automated circuit optimization is an important component of complex analog integrated circuit design. Today's analog designs must be optimized not only for nominal performance but also for robustness in order to maintain a reasonable yield with highly scaled VLSI technologies. The complex nature of analog/mixed-signal systems, however, makes this yield-aware analog circuit optimization extremely difficult and costly. In this paper, we adopt a geostatistics motivated approach (i.e. Kriging model) for efficient extraction of yield-aware Pareto front performance models for analog circuits. An iterative search based optimization approach is proposed to efficiently seek optimal performance tradeoffs under yield constraints in high-dimensional design parameter and process variation spaces. Our experiments confirm that the generated yield-aware Pareto fronts are accurate and the optimization procedure is very efficient. The latter is achieved by the well controlled iterative update scheme in the presented techniques which avoids an excessive number of time consuming transistor-level simulations.
Immobilization of<i>Escherichia coli</i>Cells by Use of the Antimicrobial Peptide Cecropin P1 (2005)

An immobilization scheme for bacterial cells is described, in which the antimicrobial peptide cecropin P1 was used to trap Escherichia coli K-12 and O157:H7 cells on microtiter plate well surfaces. Cecropin P1 was covalently attached to the well surfaces, and E. coli cells were allowed to bind to the peptide-coated surface. The immobilized cells were detected colorimetrically with an anti-E. coli antibody-horseradish peroxidase conjugate. Binding curves were obtained in which the signal intensities were dependent upon the cell concentration and upon the amount of peptide attached to the well surface. After normalization for the amount of peptide coupled to the surface and the relative binding affinity of the antibody for each strain, the binding data were compared, which indicated that there was a strong preference for E. coli O157:H7 over E. coli K-12. The cells could be immobilized reproducibly at pH values ranging from 5 to 10 and at ionic strengths up to 0.50 M.
Controlled Attachment of PAMAM Dendrimers to Solid Surfaces (2001)

Amine-terminated polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers can be immobilized onto anhydride-functionalized pulsed plasma polymer surfaces via amide linkage formation. The packing density of dendrimers at the surface can be tailored by programming the pulse duty cycle parameters during plasma polymerization. These PAMAM dendrimer layers are shown to be useful for a variety of surface-related phenomena, for example, fluorination, adhesion, and gas barrier enhancement.
Evolution of Energy in Jet and Rocket Propulsion (1946)

THE task of any recoil engine consists in transforming the chemical energy of fuel into the kinetic energy of gases leaving the nozzle. This article gives a brief survey of problems connected with transformations which the energy undergoes on the way from the fuel containers to the end of the nozzle. I have simplified as far as possible the problem, examining only the conditions in a rocket engine, without a gas turbine. Even in these simplified schemes the phenomena inside the combustion chamber and the nozzle are rather complicated and require careful examination.
Pulsed Short-Wave Diathermy Restricts Swelling and Bruising of Liposuction Patients (2000)

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of pulsed short-wave diathermy on the recovery of patients undergoing liposuction. Methods and Materials: Ten female patients had one thigh treated with 27.12-MHz pulsed short-wave diathermy for 20 minutes prior to surgery, 1 day and 5 days postoperatively. The contralateral thigh received no diathermy treatment. The surgeon was blinded to which thigh received the diathermy and performed liposuction evenly to both thighs. Patients' swelling, bruising, and level of pain were measured. Results: The area treated with diathermy demonstrated a significant decrease in swelling at day 1 (= 0.66 cm vs + 1.38 cm) and day 5 (–0.5 cm vs −0.1). The area treated with diathermy also resulted in significantly less bruising at day 1 (15.31 cm 2 vs 18.62 cm 2 ). Discussion: There was no significant difference in postoperative pain. Pulsed short-wave diathermy restricts and decreases swelling and bruising following liposuction surgery.
Down‐regulation of prostasin serine protease: A potential invasion suppressor in prostate cancer (2001)

Our data indicate that prostasin may be implicated in normal prostate biology and is able to suppress prostate cancer invasion in vitro.
Design and Implementation of a Self-Configuring Instrument Control System (2011)

The trend in the design of complex instruments is toward distributed control systems implemented with networks of embedded devices. Historically these embedded networks have been implemented using field busses such as CAN, Lon Works, or Profi Net but the ubiquitous nature and low cost of Ethernet has made it the trend in embedded network applications. Ethernet, however, largely depends on DHCP and DNS servers or static IP addressing scheme to enable communication between devices on the network. This paper presents a service-oriented architecture for self-configuring Ethernet-based distributed control systems that is able to adapt to changes in network topology without manual intervention. The three core technologies used to enable self-configuration are all part of Zero Configuration Networking: link-local address auto-configuration for automatic IP address assignment, multicast DNS for automatic hostname resolution, and multicast DNS service discovery for automatic discovery of services. A temperature control system is developed as a case study implementation of the architecture using Java and SOAP web services. Programming web services is simplified using the Java API for XML-Web Services. Programmer productivity is also improved since Java enables the use of enterprise level development tools for debugging and deployment.
The economic burden of ill health due to diet, physical inactivity, smoking, alcohol and obesity in the UK: an update to 2006-07 NHS costs (2011)

The estimates of the economic cost of risk factors for chronic disease presented here are based on recent financial data and are directly comparable. They suggest that poor diet is a behavioural risk factor that has the highest impact on the budget of the NHS, followed by alcohol consumption, smoking and physical inactivity.
A 150MS/s 8b 71mW time-interleaved ADC in 0.18μm CMOS (2004)

This paper presents a 150 MS/s 8 bit time-interleaved ADC which has been built in 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS. Segmentation of the track-and-hold into separate circuits, driving the 1st stage comparators and two interleaved residue paths, together with signal scaling, results in a 45.4 dB SNDR for an 80 MHz input frequency, while dissipating 71 mW from a 1.8 V supply.
A Kalman filter for robust outlier detection (2007)

In this paper, we introduce a modified Kalman filter that can perform robust, real-time outlier detection in the observations, without the need for manual parameter tuning by the user. Robotic systems that rely on high quality sensory data can be sensitive to data containing outliers. Since the standard Kalman filter is not robust to outliers, other variations of the Kalman filter have been proposed to overcome this issue, but these methods may require manual parameter tuning, use of heuristics or complicated parameter estimation. Our Kalman filter uses a weighted least squares-like approach by introducing weights for each data sample. A data sample with a smaller weight has a weaker contribution when estimating the current time step's state. We learn the weights and system dynamics using a variational Expectation-Maximization framework. We evaluate our Kalman filter algorithm on data from a robotic dog.