gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective Acylation of Polyamines with Acid Anhydrides and Acid Chlorides in Water (2010)

Mono-acylation of polyamines can be difficult due to the side reactions of poly-acylation. Using large excess of polyamines can hardly alleviate the problem. This letter reports a simple method to solve this problem. We found that simply using water as the reaction media, several polyamines could be mono-acylated with acid anhydrides and chlorides at low temperature in acceptable to excellent yields. Because the reaction is simple and uses readily available starting materials, it is expected to be useful for conjugating different molecules together using polyamines as the linker.
Characterization of the Enzymatic Component of <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> Iota-Toxin (2000)

The iota(a) component (i(a)) of Clostridium perfringens ADP ribosylates nonmuscle beta/gamma actin and skeletal muscle alpha-actin. Replacement of Arg-295 in i(a) with alanine led to a complete loss of NAD(+)-glycohydrolase (NADase) and ADP-ribosyltransferase (ARTase); that of the residue with lysine caused a drastic reduction in NADase and ARTase activities (<0.1% of the wild-type activities) but did not completely diminish them. Substitution of alanine for Glu-378 and Glu-380 caused a complete loss of NADase and ARTase. However, exchange of Glu-378 to aspartic acid or glutamine resulted in little effect on NADase activity but a drastic reduction in ARTase activity (<0.1% of the wild-type activity). Exchange of Glu-380 to aspartic acid caused a drastic reduction in NADase and ARTase activities (<0.1% of the wild-type activities) but did not completely diminish them; that of the residue to glutamine caused a complete loss of ARTase activity. Replacement of Ser-338 with alanine resulted in 0.7 to 2.3% wild-type activities, and that of Ser-340 and Thr-339 caused a reduction in these activities of 5 to 30% wild-type activities. The kinetic analysis showed that Arg-295 and Ser-338 also play an important role in the binding of NAD(+) to i(a), that Arg-295, Glu-380, and Ser-338 play a crucial role in the catalytic rate of NADase activity, and that these three amino acid residues and Glu-378 are essential for ARTase activity. The effect of amino acid replacement in i(a) on ARTase activity was similar to that on lethal and cytotoxic activities, suggesting that lethal and cytotoxic activities in i(a) are dependent on ARTase activity.
Characterization and Bioavailability of Liposomes Containing a Ukon Extract (2008)

In order to use liposomes as an efficient carrier of functional food materials, liposomes encapsulating a ukon extract (LUE) were prepared by the mechanochemical method under different conditions, and were physico-chemically and biochemically characterized. After a homogenization treatment, the size of LUE decreased with decreasing concentration of the extract from 10 to 2.5 wt %, but did not decrease below 570 nm. LUE were thus subjected to microfluidization. The LUE solutions obtained from less than 5 wt % of the extract remained well dispersed for at least 14 d, whereas those from 10 wt % showed phase separation. With 5 wt % of the extract, the size of LUE obtained at an inlet pressure of 100 MPa was smaller than that obtained at 20 MPa, and reached below 180 nm. Under optimal conditions, resulting LUE was confirmed to be small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) with a diameter of approximately 100 nm by freeze-fracture electron microscopy (FFEM). When used for treating simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, LUE obtained by microfluidization showed a 2-fold higher residual rate of curcumin than the uncapsuled extract itself. The bioactivity of LUE was further examined for its suppressive effect on carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced liver injury by using mice. Orally administrated LUE at a dose of 10 mg/kg as the extract had a much higher suppressive effect on the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, compared to the uncapsuled extract at a dose of 33 mg/kg.
Effects of heat stress on milk performance and fatty acids in milk fat of Holstein dairy cows (2009)

The objective of this trial is to contrastively studied the differences of milk production,milk composition(milk fat,milk lactose and milk protein) and fatty acids content in milk fat between Holstein cows in heat stress and not in heat stress,which were chosed respectively as the treat group and the control group.The results showed that heat stress significantly reduced(P0.05) milk production,milk fat percentage and milk protein percentage of dairy cows,but heat stress had no significantly effect on milk lactose percentage(P0.05).Heat stress had no overall effects on individual fatty acids in milk,but heat stress had significantly effects on the content of the sum of saturated fatty acids(SFA) and the sum of unsaturated fatty acids(UFA).The content of the sum of saturated fatty acids and the sum of unsaturated fatty acids of cows in heat stress was significantly higher(P0.05) and lower(P0.05) than that of cows not in heat stress.The results indicated that heat stress would influence milk production and milk composition,and heat stress would also alter the content of the sum of saturated fatty acids and the sum of unsaturated fatty acids in milk fat of dairy cows.
Immobilized Cells (1983)

Immobilized cells have proven to be effective catalysts in the enzymatic conversion of organic compounds. Such catalysts are typically prepared by entrapment of cells in polymeric carriers, and the methods of ionotropic gelation and polycondensation of epoxids will be described. Depending on enzymatic activity and particle size the transformation may proceed in the reaction or diffusion controlled regime. Quantitative estimation of the effectiveness factor-Thiele modulus relation will be presented for different reaction types. This includes the experimental determination of the catalytically active cell concentration and the effective diffusivity in the porous polymeric carrier. Transport limitation can also be a controlling factor in the experimental determination of the operational stability of such biocatalysts.
BROUSSONINS A AND B, NEW PHYTOALEXINS FROM DISEASED PAPER MULBERRY (1980)

Abstract Isolation and structure elucidation of two phytoalexins (1 and 2), produced by diseased paper mulberry and designated as broussonins A and B, are described. These phytoalexins are characterized structurally by a 1,3-diphenylpropane skeleton.
Source monitoring for continuous-variable quantum key distribution (2012)

The noise in optical source preparation needs to be characterized for the security of practical continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD). Two feasible schemes, based on either an active optical switch or a passive beamsplitter, are proposed to monitor the variance of the source noise. We derive the security bounds for both schemes against collective attacks in the asymptotical limit and find that the passive scheme performs better. The finite-size effect is also discussed briefly for both schemes.
Systematic design of a cross-polarized dermoscope for visual inspection and digital imaging (2011)

Adermoscope is a diagnostic device that can image the skin in situ and is used for early diagnosis of melanoma and pigmented skin lesions. In this paper, we describe the design and construction of a cross-polarized dermoscope including the illumination evaluation, imaging design, and the mechanical setup. By using the cross-polarization dermoscope, specular reflection from the superficial layer of the skin is largely eliminated. Therefore, deeper layers of the skin, such as the inner pigments and the capillary blood vessels, can be visualized.
Ruthenium hexammine trichloride (RHT)-mediated interaction between plasmalemmal components and pericellular matrix proteoglycans is responsible for the preservation of chondrocytic plasma membranes in situ during cartilage fixation. (1983)

Treatment of cartilage tissue with the cationic dye ruthenium hexammine trichloride (RHT) prior to fixation has been shown to prevent the detachment of chondrocytic plasmalemmata from the pericellular matrix and the aqueous extraction of proteoglycans during the subsequent fixation procedures. However, plasmalemmal rupture is prevented only by the simultaneous addition of RHT and the dialdehydic fixative glutaraldehyde. It is proposed that RHT forms an electrostatic cross-linkage between anionic components within the chondrocytic plasmalemma and proteoglycans of the pericellular matrix; experimental support for this hypothesis is presented. The precise nature of the plasmalemmal components with which RHT interacts is unknown. However, since their anionic properties are apparently lost following treatment with chondroitinase ABC, it seems likely that they represent chondroitin sulfate groups of membrane intercalated proteoglycans.
A volcanic reservoir: Facies distribution model accounting for pressure communication (2005)

Abstract A TCF-class gas field has been producing over decades in Japan. The reservoir body comprises stacked Rhyolite lava domes erupted under submarine environment. Porous network developed in each dome and rapid chilling by seawater caused Hyaloclastite to deposit over it. Although Hyaloclastite is also porous in this field, its permeability has been dramatically reduced by clay minerals. These reservoir facies are interbedded with Basaltic sheets erupted alternately and Mud sedimented while the volcano was dormant. Based on stratigraphic correlation, multiple reservoirs were originally interpreted. Gas had been produced according to the priority assigned to each. However, it was noticed after 10-20 years of production that pressures of all unexploited units had been declining with variety of rates. We confirmed that by subsequent survey and decided to remodel the whole pressure system. As seismic data had not been informative, we made maximum use of the pressure data to resolve the nature of the communications. We employed multi-point geostatistics to capture the complicated facies distribution patterns. Realizations are then calibrated against pressure history through a probability perturbation technique. A common difficulty of building proper stationary training image is further pronounced in modeling a volcanic reservoir. We solved this by iteratively adjusting a training image inferred from literatures until acceptable history match was reached with reasonable number of perturbations. Another issue was undetermined field extent. We settled this by stochastically populating a rectangular-parallelepiped modeling space of regular cells with pay and non-pay facies. Resulted realizations closely simulate pressure history and look realistic in both facies distribution and field extent. They ascribe the uneven pressure decline to narrow channels of Rhyolite and confinements by Hyaloclastite. Finalized training image indicates more intensity in facies spatial variation than had been expected. Based on 20 realizations, roughly 15% of scatter was estimated in OGIP around the mean.
A Hybrid Approach to Segmentation of Diseased Lung Lobes (2014)

Complete segmentation of diseased lung lobes by automatically identifying fissure surfaces is a nontrivial task, due to incomplete, disrupted, and deformed fissures. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm employing a hybrid two-dimensional/three-dimensional approach for segmenting diseased lung lobes. Our approach models complete fissure surfaces from partial fissures found in individual computed tomography (CT) images. Evaluated using 24 patients' lungs with a variety of different diseases, our algorithm produced root-mean square errors of 2.21 ± 1.21, 2.51 ± 1.36, and 2.38 ± 1.27 mm for segmenting the left oblique fissure (LOF), right oblique fissure (ROF) and right horizontal fissure (RHF), respectively. The average accuracies for segmenting the LOF, ROF, and RHF are 86.59%, 84.80%, and 82.62%, using our ±3-mm percentile measure. These results indicate the feasibility of developing an automatic algorithm for complete segmentation of diseased lung lobes.
Control of Root-knot Nematodes on Tomato by Lectins. (1987)

Significant control of tomato root knot was achieved by applications of the lectins Concanavalin A (Con A) and Limax flavus agglutinin in greenhouse, growth chamber, and microplot trials. Four consecutive weekly applications at lower concentrations of Con A yielded better control than single applications at a higher total concentration. The present state of knowledge on binding of Con A to soil nematodes and the in vitro effect of this lectin in chemotactic behavior are discussed. The mode of action of Con A on root-knot control is unknown.
An international reference preparation for human serum immunoglobulins G, A and M: content of immunoglobulins by weight. (1972)

An International Reference Preparation for Human Serum Immunoglobulins G, A, and M has been established by the World Health Organization and international units have been assigned to it. This paper describes international collaborative assays carried out by 10 specialized laboratories, which attempted to define the immunoglobulin contents of the International Reference Preparation by weight. For all immunoglobulins the estimates of contents by weight were imprecise, largely owing to heterogeneity of estimates between laboratories. Mean estimates of immunoglobulin contents by weight are given, but it is considered that the results of assays of immunoglobulin against the International Reference Preparation or related preparations are more precisely expressed in terms of international units.
Molecular Understanding of the Formation of Surface Zirconium Hydrides upon Thermal Treatment under Hydrogen of [(⋮SiO)Zr(CH<sub>2</sub><i>t</i>Bu)<sub>3</sub>] by Using Advanced Solid-State NMR Techniques (2004)

The reaction of [([triple bond]SiO)Zr(CH(2)tBu)(3)] with H(2) at 150 degrees C leads to the hydrogenolysis of the zirconium-carbon bonds to form a very reactive hydride intermediate(s), which further reacts with the surrounding siloxane ligands present at the surface of this support to form mainly two different zirconium hydrides: [([triple bond]SiO)(3)Zr-H] (1a, 70-80%) and [([triple bond]SiO)(2)ZrH(2)] (1b, 20-30%) along with silicon hydrides, [([triple bond]SiO)(3)SiH] and [([triple bond]SiO)(2)SiH(2)]. Their structural identities were identified by (1)H DQ solid-state NMR spectroscopy as well as reactivity studies. These two species react with CO(2) and N(2)O to give, respectively, the corresponding formate [([triple bond]SiO)(4-x)Zr(O-C(=O)H)(x)] (2) and hydroxide complexes [([triple bond]SiO)(4-x)Zr(OH)(x)] (x = 1 or 2 for 3a and 3b, respectively) as major surface complexes.
An algorithm for goal-driven simulation (1999)

Article Free Access Share on An algorithm for goal-driven simulation Authors: Michel Page Université Pierre Mendès France, Projet Sherpa INRIA Rhône Alpes, 655 avenue de l'Europe, F-38330 Montbonnot, France Université Pierre Mendès France, Projet Sherpa INRIA Rhône Alpes, 655 avenue de l'Europe, F-38330 Montbonnot, FranceView Profile , Jérôme Gensel Université Pierre Mendès France, Projet Sherpa INRIA Rhône Alpes, 655 avenue de l'Europe, F-38330 Montbonnot, France Université Pierre Mendès France, Projet Sherpa INRIA Rhône Alpes, 655 avenue de l'Europe, F-38330 Montbonnot, FranceView Profile , Mahfoud Boudis Université Pierre Mendès France, Projet Sherpa INRIA Rhône Alpes, 655 avenue de l'Europe, F-38330 Montbonnot, France Université Pierre Mendès France, Projet Sherpa INRIA Rhône Alpes, 655 avenue de l'Europe, F-38330 Montbonnot, FranceView Profile Authors Info & Claims WSC '99: Proceedings of the 31st conference on Winter simulation: Simulation---a bridge to the future - Volume 1December 1999 Pages 578–585https://doi.org/10.1145/324138.324438Published:01 December 1999Publication History 3citation165DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations3Total Downloads165Last 12 Months9Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Novel Putative Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subunit Genes, <i>D</i>α<i>5</i>, <i>D</i>α<i>6</i> and <i>D</i>α<i>7</i>, in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> Identify a New and Highly Conserved Target of Adenosine Deaminase Acting on RNA-Mediated A-to-I Pre-mRNA Editing (2002)

Genome analysis of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster reveals three new ligand-gated ion channel subunits with the characteristic YXCC motif found only in alpha-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits. The subunits are designated Dalpha5, Dalpha6, and Dalpha7. Cloning of the Dalpha5 embryonic cDNAs reveals an atypically large N terminus, part of which is without identifiable sequence motifs and is specified by two polymorphic alleles. Embryonic clones from Dalpha6 contain multiple variant transcripts arising from alternative splicing as well as A-to-I pre-mRNA editing. Alternative splicing in Dalpha6 involves exons encoding nAChR functional domains. The Dalpha6 transcript is a target of the Drosophila adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (dADAR). This is the first case for any organism where a nAChR gene is the target of mRNA editing. Seven adenosines could be modified in the extracellular ligand-binding region of Dalpha6, four of which are also edited in the Dalpha6 ortholog in the tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens. The conservation of an editing site between the insect orders Diptera and Lepidoptera makes nAChR editing the most evolutionarily conserved invertebrate RNA editing site so far described. These findings add to our understanding of nAChR subunit diversity, which is increased and regulated by mechanisms acting at the genomic and mRNA levels.
Window flow control in frame-relay networks (2003)

Flow-control issues in frame-relay networks are investigated. The intermediate nodes perform the routing and store-and-forward functions. In the case of transmission error or buffer overflow, these nodes simply discard frames. Error recovery and flow control are performed by the end nodes. Simulation results show that a properly tuned dynamic window flow control mechanism provides both good throughput/delay performance and fairness. In the cases considered, a linear window increase strategy performs slightly better than a parabolic one. However, the parabolic strategy is less susceptible to transmission errors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Small-Molecule Klotho Enhancers As Novel Treatment Of Neurodegeneration (2012)

The majority of neurodegenerative diseases have an important age component, and thus, understanding the molecular changes that occur during normal aging of the brain is of utmost relevance. In search for the basis of the age-related cognitive decline found in humans, monkeys and rodents, we study the rhesus monkey. Surprisingly, there is no loss of neurons in aged monkey brains. However, we reported white matter and myelin abnormalities in aged monkeys, similar to those observed in Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis patients. In a microarray analysis comparing young and old monkey white matter, we discovered that Klotho is downregulated in the aged brain. We then asked whether there is a connection between the age-related cognitive decline, myelin abnormalities and Klotho downregulation. If such a connection is found, compounds that upregulate Klotho expression could become of therapeutic interest for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, and perhaps even Alzheimer's disease.
Platinum Nanoflowers for Surface-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry of Biomolecules (2007)

No-template synthesis of surface clean platinum nanomaterials with thin projections (petals) on the Pt nanoparticle surface, termed Pt nanoflowers, has been developed, and Pt nanoflowers have achieved superior performance on surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI−MS) of biomolecules. With this new material, one can obtain high-resolution mass spectra with lower laser energy and smaller sample amounts, and no organic matrix is needed for laser desorption/ionization. The mass spectra also have fewer obstacle peaks at the lower m/z region. Furthermore, this novel substrate is quite stable against aging and showed no sweet-spot problems, that is, equal sensitivity on the whole substrate surface. Various biomolecules, including peptides and phospholipids, were examined, and Pt nanoflowers showed good performance for matrix-free laser desorption/ionization MS of these materials.
Interferons Induce CXCR3-cognate Chemokine Production by Human Metastatic Melanoma (2010)

Immune-mediated cancer regression requires tumor infiltration by antigen-specific effector T cells, but lymphocytes are commonly sparse in melanoma metastases. Activated T cells express CXCR3, whose cognate chemokines are CXCL9/MIG, CXCL10/IP-10, and CXCL11/I-TAC. Little is known about expression of these chemokines in lymph node (LN) metastases of melanoma. We evaluated whether metastatic melanoma induces these CXCR3-cognate chemokines in human LN-derived tissues. In addition, as these chemokines can be induced by interferon (IFN), we evaluated whether type I or II IFNs (IFN-α or IFN-γ, respectively) can modulate chemokine expression in an in vitro model of the human tumor microenvironment. Production of CXCL9-11 by melanoma-infiltrated nodes (MIN) was no different than tumor-free nodes; both produced less chemokine than activated LN (sentinel immunized nodes, SIN). These data suggest that melanoma infiltration into LN neither induces nor reduces CXCL9-11. Stimulation with IFN-α or IFN-γ increased production of CXCL10-11 from MIN, but not tumor-free node or SIN. IFN-γ also increased production of CXCL9 in MIN. In IFN-treated SIN, CD14+ cells were the primary source of CXCL9-11, whereas melanoma cells were the source of chemokine in MIN. Melanoma cells in MIN express IFN receptors. Consistent with these observations, multiple human melanoma lines expressed IFN receptors and produced CXCL9-11 in response to IFN treatment. Thus, melanoma infiltration of LN is insufficient to induce the production of CXCL9-11, but melanoma may be a significant source of IFN-induced chemokines. Collectively, these data suggest that IFN-α or IFN-γ may act in the tumor microenvironment to increase the chemotactic gradient for CXCR3+ T cells.
Electrocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide by Cobalt-Phthalocyanine-Incorporated Polypyrrole (2009)

In the quest for catalysts for the electrocatalytic reduction of , a cobalt phthalocyanine/polypyrrole (CoPc/PPy) composite electrode has been developed. The electrode is prepared by drop casting CoPc onto the PPy film from the CoPc/tetrahydrofuran solution (1 mg/mL). The onset potential for reduction occurred at potentials 160 mV more positive than observed with a simple PPy electrode. Furthermore, in the potentiostatic electrolysis, the catalytic current for reduction at CoPc/PPy was very stable, with a higher current density and current efficiency when compared to the PPy electrode.