gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Kalman-filter based paging strategy for cellular networks (2003)

Developing an efficient location management technique is an important step in working towards the determination of an optimal solution to the problem of managing mobility. Given the irregular nature of cell sizes in a cellular network, the behaviour of mobile movement changes from cell to cell and from user to user. Thus, the need for designing an adaptive algorithm for tracking a roaming mobile becomes imperative. In this paper, we propose a new predictive location management strategy that reduces the update cost while restricting the paging load optimized for mobiles roaming with traceable patterns. Enhanced with directional predictive capabilities offered by Kalman filtering, new update boundaries are assigned to better reflect the movement patterns of individual mobiles upon location registration. Thus, while complying with the required delay constraints, QoS measures (mainly throughput) will not need to be sacrificed as a result of increasing the update threshold. The contribution of this paper is two-fold: (1) to suggest a distribution model that is capable of describing a wide range of movement patterns with varying correlation between travelling directions and (2) to explore the capabilities in terms of reliable performances of Kalman filter in predicting future movement patterns. Simulation results have successfully demonstrated the ability of Kalman filter in assigning update boundaries capable of reflecting a mobile's roaming characteristics. The performance gains, achieved mainly through a significant reduction in the number of updates, indicate its potential for promoting better bandwidth conservation.
Codon usage patterns in<i>Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Drosophila melanogaster</i>and<i>Homo sapiens</i>; a review of the considerable within-species diversity (1988)

The genetic code is degenerate, but alternative synonymous codons are generally not used with equal frequency. Since the pioneering work of Grantham's group it has been apparent that genes from one species often share similarities in codon frequency; under the "genome hypothesis" there is a species-specific pattern to codon usage. However, it has become clear that in most species there are also considerable differences among genes. Multivariate analyses have revealed that in each species so far examined there is a single major trend in codon usage among genes, usually from highly biased to more nearly even usage of synonymous codons. Thus, to represent the codon usage pattern of an organism it is not sufficient to sum over all genes as this conceals the underlying heterogeneity. Rather, it is necessary to describe the trend among genes seen in that species. We illustrate these trends for six species where codon usage has been examined in detail, by presenting the pooled codon usage for the 10% of genes at either end of the major trend. Closely-related organisms have similar patterns of codon usage, and so the six species in Table 1 are representative of wider groups. For example, with respect to codon usage, Salmonella typhimurium closely resembles E. coli, while all mammalian species so far examined (principally mouse, rat and cow) largely resemble humans.
Female phenotype and multiple abnormalities in sibs with a Y chromosome and partial X chromosome duplication: H--Y antigen and Xg blood group findings. (1980)

A mentally retarded female child with multiple congenital abnormalities had an abnormal X chromosome and a Y chromosome; the karyotype was interpreted as 46,dup(X)(p21 leads to pter)Y. Prenatal chromosome studies in a later pregnancy indicated the same chromosomal abnormality in the fetus. The fetus and proband had normal female genitalia and ovarian tissue. H--Y antigen was virtually absent in both sibs, a finding consistent with the view that testis-determining genes of the Y chromosome may be suppressed by regulatory elements of the X. The abnormal X chromosome was present in the mother, the maternal grandmother, and a female sib: all were phenotypically normal and showed the karyotype 46,Xdup(X)(p21 leads to pter) with non-random inactivation of the abnormal X. Anomalous segregation of the Xga allele suggests that the Xg locus was involved in the inactivation process or that crossing-over at meiosis occurred.
Design, Analysis and Experimental Testing of BPSK Homodyne Receivers Based on Subcarrier Optical Phase-Locked Loop (2008)

The analysis of a subcarrier optical phase-locked loop (SC-OPLL) is carried out in order to optimize phase-locking performance. A new parameters optimization procedure, useful for OPLL design, is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally. An SC-OPLL based on this procedure has been realized, so a pilot carrier SC-OPLL and a nonlinear SC-OPLL optical receiver have been experimentally constructed and tested. An 8B/10B line coding is employed for pilot carrier SC-OPLL receiver in order to improve performance and a new architecture of decision-driven PLL is experimentally demonstrated.
Isolation of beer foam polypeptides by hydrophobic interaction chromatography and their partial characterisation (1994)

Abstract Beer foam polypeptides have been separated into five groups based on their relative hydrophobicity. Foam stability increases with increasing hydrophobicity of the polypeptide groups. The most hydrophobic polypeptide group contains a large proportion of Coomassie blue‐binding polypeptides. Analysis by SDS‐PAGE reveals that each polypeptide group is composed of several differently‐sized polypeptides. Further purification by anion‐exchange chromatography results in five fractions, each of which has a different polypeptide profile on SDS‐polyacrylamide gels.
Development of Antiretroviral Therapy for the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and Related Disorders (1987)

We review the rationale for, and progress in, the development of antiviral therapy for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A consideration of the replicative cycle of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can lead to the identification of several steps that represent potential targets for antiretroviral therapy, and several substances that can inhibit the replication of HIV in vitro have already been identified. The 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides are a class of nucleoside analogues in which the 3'-hydroxy group is modified so that it cannot form phosphodiester linkages for nucleic acid chains. Some are potent in vitro inhibitors of HIV replication, possibly acting as chain terminators of viral DNA during reverse transcription. One of these dideoxynucleoside analogues, 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT), has now been administered for up to 18 months to patients with AIDS. The drug has been shown to improve immunologic function, to reverse, at least partially, HIV-induced neurologic dysfunction in some patients, and to improve certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. The principal toxic effect associated with AZT is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting particularly in anemia and leukopenia; however, most patients in whom this toxic effect occurs can subsequently tolerate a lower dose of the drug. The demonstration that AZT can be beneficial in patients with AIDS has removed some of the uncertainty about the rationale for an antiretroviral intervention in HIV infection.
A pharmacological comparison of parathyroid hormone receptors in human bone and kidney (1992)

While abundant information is available characterizing PTH receptor properties in other species, data on human PTH receptors is very limited. We have been interested in the possibility that tissue-specific differences among human PTH receptors (i.e. bone vs. kidney) might exist. We have, therefore, compared pharmacological profiles for a wide array of PTH and PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) analogs in human osteoblast-like cells (SaOS-2) and human renal cortical membranes (RCM) using radioiodinated (Tyr36)hPTHrP(1-36)NH2 as a probe for PTH receptor function. The rank order of receptor affinity for 10 PTH/PTHrP receptor agonists tested was very similar in the bone and kidney assay systems. Binding affinity for these peptides was greater in human (h)RCMs and SaOS-2 membranes than in SaOS-2 intact cells. The relative binding affinities for (Tyr36)hPTHrP(1-36)amide, hPTH(1-34), bovine (b)PTH(1-34), and rat PTH(1-34) were similar in human RCMs, SaOS-2 membranes, and SaOS-2 cells. bPTH(1-84) and hPTHrP(1-74) both manifested lower receptor affinity than the amino-terminal analogs. Seven PTH/PTHrP receptor antagonists were also studied in this homologous human assay system. The binding affinity for hPTHrP(7-34)NH2 was 2- to 3-fold greater than that for (Tyr34)bPTH(7-34)NH2 in RCM and SaOS-2 membranes. However, in SaOS-2 cells, a striking reversal in the relative binding affinities was observed; the PTHrP(7-34) analog was nearly 3-fold less potent than (Tyr34)bPTH(7-34)NH2, underscoring a difference between intact and broken cell preparations. Two hybrid PTH-PTHrP receptor antagonists demonstrated similar relative affinity to each other in the human bone and kidney assay systems. Affinity cross-linking of receptors in human renal and skeletal tissues demonstrated an indistinguishable dominant 85-kilodalton receptor protein. We conclude that the binding and bioactivity profiles of a broad array of PTH and PTHrP peptides are very similar or identical in human renal and skeletal tissues. Differences relating to intact vs. broken cell preparations accounted for some variation in potency. These studies emphasize the importance of employing homologous assay systems to study PTH receptor function and the existence of interspecies differences among PTH receptors. The results support the possibility that PTH receptors in human bone and human kidney are very similar if not identical.
Visualization of large volumes of information using different representations (2002)

The visualization of large volumes of information requires mechanisms to reduce the amount of information to be displayed. In this paper, we propose a technique to combine the usage of filters (like the degree-of-interest function) with different, scale-dependent representations. This eliminates the need to create new representations or to use graphical attributes to show the degree of interest of each object. This approach is specially useful when the number of variables is large or the information density is too high. The method can be complemented with zoom mechanisms and distortion of the position of the objects in space, taking advantage of the reduction of the area occupied by those objects with less interest to increase the area available for those with a higher degree of interest, normally located near the focus.
Automating Requirements Management 1 (1999)

In this article, I’ll describe several benefits a requirements management tool can provide, identify the basic features to expect from such tools, and briefly review four commercial tools: TBI’s Caliber-RM, QSS’s DOORS, Rational’s RequisitePro, and Integrated Chipware’s RTM Workshop (Table 1). These tools won’t help you gather the right requirements for your project, and they don’t replace a defined process for managing your project’s requirements. A tool is not a process in itself, but it supports and enables an established process.
Quantitative Imaging to Assess Tumor Response to Therapy: Common Themes of Measurement, Truth Data, and Error Sources (2009)

For a given category of measurement methods, the algorithm that has the smallest measurement noise and least bias on average will perform best in early detection of true tumor change.
Determination of Acoustic Velocities for Natural Gas (1970)

Acoustic velocities for natural gas are calculated as a function of temperature, pressure, and gas gravity. The method is based on a generalized equation of state for natural gas that may also be used to calculate a number of thermodynamic properties such as specific internal energy and isentropic expansion. Introduction Some uses of acoustic velocities for natural gas are to determine liquid levels in gas wells and to locate hydrate freezes, lost ‘pigs’, or other obstructions in gas pipelines. These distances can be calculated from well defined acoustic records (Fig. 1a) by associating the number of pipe sections with their corresponding lengths. If, however, an uninterpretable acoustic record (Fig. 1b) is obtained, or if the lengths of the pipe sections of a given flow string are unknown, pipe sections of a given flow string are unknown, distance between the shot deflection and the reflecting surface can be obtained by integrating the relationship between velocity distance and time (1) The utility of this technique depends upon one's ability to calculate acoustic velocities and to measure system variables such as gas gravity or composition, temperature, temperature gradient and pressure. In the past, acoustic velocities have been calculated from an approximate relationship involving atmospheric heat capacity ratios rather than ratios that are a function of pressure. As has been pointed out, this approximate relationship provides a good working equation for calculating acoustic velocities at low pressure ranges but should not be used at higher pressures. The purpose of this work is to present a method for rigorously calculating acoustic velocities for natural gas over a broad range of temperatures, pressures and gas gravities. Calculation of Acoustic Velocity Starting from the equation for the speed of sound in a compressible fluid (2) it is possible to derive the following equation for a real gas (see Appendix). (3) Eq. 3 can also be expressed in terms of the isentropic expansion coefficient, n, since (4) Making this substitution yields (5) To compute the velocity of sound in a real gas from either Eq. 3 or Eq. 5, it is necessary to know the PVT behavior of the gas and the variation of the beat capacity ratio with temperature and pressure. To accomplish this, an equation of state for natural gas was developed. JPT P. 889
Regulation of Exocellular Proteases in <i>Neurospora crassa</i> : Induction and Repression of Enzyme Synthesis (1972)

Neurospora crassa strain 74A grown on Vogel's medium containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) as principal carbon source secretes proteolytic enzymes which appear in the culture filtrate. Low concentrations of sucrose (0.1%) are necessary for growth from conidia, as conidia will not germinate on BSA alone. Once growth is initiated, however, protease production begins and at 5 to 6 hr growth and enzyme production are parallel. Higher concentrations of sucrose (0.5-2%) repress protease synthesis. Other metabolizable materials (sugars, amino acids, peptide mixtures) also repress protease synthesis. Some sugars will not sustain growth but allow germination and full induction of protease in the presence of protein. A material found in culture fluids of cells during induction of protease synthesis when added to repressed cultures causes a five-fold increase in the amount of protease production, although this is still approximately half that of normally induced cells. This material appears to be produced by induced cells in as little as 2 hr of culture, which is before detectable levels of protease can be found. It is heat-stable, of low molecular weight, and is not a simple product of protein digestion by the N. crassa proteases.
House incidence of sprue suggesting its infective nature (1922)

House incidence of sprue suggesting its infective nature Get access Arthur Powell, O.B.E., M.B. Arthur Powell, O.B.E., M.B. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 16, Issue 3, 22 June 1922, Pages 125–134, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0035-9203(22)90382-7 Published: 22 June 1922
Time-frequency analysis of flicker-burst visual evoked responses (2002)

Knowing the properties of the EEG-signal related to a visual stimulus is of fundamental importance for an adequate design of a signal detection method, e.g. In objective sensory function diagnostics. From a signal-theoretical point of view the steady state visual evoked response (VER), but under physiological aspects the transient VER seems to be more appropriate for reliable signal detection. A stimulation with flicker-bursts is proposed combining both methods. The EEG/VER-signals have been analyzed with different methods of time-frequency analysis: spectrogram, pseudo-Wigner distribution, cone-kernel representation, reduced-interference distribution are applied to real signals. Concerning feature extraction of the stimulus-method, the reduced-interference distribution offers the best properties.
Automatic sugar analysis in the beet industry. Part I: Parameter optimization of a reversed phase HPLC carbohydrate determination (1990)

Abstract An evaluation of the most commonly used HPLC system (reversed phase octadecyl sillica gel) was undertaken in order to determine the level of certain carbohydrates in molasses produced in the refining of sugar beet. Chromatographic parameters and purification operations prior to analysis are discussed in order to develop an analytical method permitting automation of sugar determination. A Zorbax ODS column (250 × 9.4 mm), water elution, and light scattering detection allow easy determination of glucose + fructose, sucrose, and raffinose in molasses using an internal standard (maltose).
Compositional GAN: Learning Conditional Image Composition (2018)

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) can produce images of surprising complexity and realism, but are generally modeled to sample from a single latent source ignoring the explicit spatial interaction between multiple entities that could be present in a scene. Capturing such complex interactions between different objects in the world, including their relative scaling, spatial layout, occlusion, or viewpoint transformation is a challenging problem. In this work, we propose to model object composition in a GAN framework as a self-consistent composition-decomposition network. Our model is conditioned on the object images from their marginal distributions to generate a realistic image from their joint distribution by explicitly learning the possible interactions. We evaluate our model through qualitative experiments and user evaluations in both the scenarios when either paired or unpaired examples for the individual object images and the joint scenes are given during training. Our results reveal that the learned model captures potential interactions between the two object domains given as input to output new instances of composed scene at test time in a reasonable fashion.
Localization of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in airway secretory glands (1993)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the gene coding for the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). From human normal tracheal submucosal gland cells in culture, we identified endogenous CFTR as a 170 kDa protein, consistent with that of fully glycosylated, mature CFTR molecule. This observation led to the hypothesis that airway secretory glands could be an important site for the CFTR expression. Using anti-human CFTR polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, we examined the cellular and subcellular localization of the CFTR protein in airway submucosal glands from human and bovine tracheal tissues as well as in tracheal gland cell cultures. In human tracheal tissue, CFTR immunolabelling was present along both the apical and basolateral plasma membranes of glandular mucous cells. In contrast, CFTR was associated with the secretory granules of glandular serous cells. Using immunogold electron microscopy, we demonstrated that CFTR protein was more specifically associated with the membrane of serous cell secretory granules. In bovine tracheal tissue CFTR labelling was also identified in the secretory granules of glandular serous cells. In contrast, when bovine and human tracheal gland cells were cultured, no mature secretory granules were present, but a predominantly intracytoplasmic distribution of CFTR was observed. Our data thus suggest that in airway tissues, CFTR could be involved in intracellular processes of the mucus exocytosis in submucosal secretory glands.
<i>Drosophila myoblast city </i>Encodes a Conserved Protein That Is Essential for Myoblast Fusion, Dorsal Closure, and Cytoskeletal Organization (1997)

The Drosophila myoblast city (mbc) locus was previously identified on the basis of a defect in myoblast fusion (Rushton et al., 1995. Development [Camb.]. 121:1979-1988). We describe herein the isolation and characterization of the mbc gene. The mbc transcript and its encoded protein are expressed in a broad range of tissues, including somatic myoblasts, cardial cells, and visceral mesoderm. It is also expressed in the pole cells and in ectodermally derived tissues, including the epidermis. Consistent with this latter expression, mbc mutant embryos exhibit defects in dorsal closure and cytoskeletal organization in the migrating epidermis. Both the mesodermal and ectodermal defects are reminiscent of those induced by altered forms of Drac1 and suggest that mbc may function in the same pathway. MBC bears striking homology to human DOCK180, which interacts with the SH2-SH3 adapter protein Crk and may play a role in signal transduction from focal adhesions. Taken together, these results suggest the possibility that MBC is an intermediate in a signal transduction pathway from the rho/rac family of GTPases to events in the cytoskeleton and that this pathway may be used during myoblast fusion and dorsal closure.
Semiparametric Bayesian analysis: Selection models and meteorological applications (1998)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x 1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Selection Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.3 Modeling Ozone Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.4 Dirichlet Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.4.1 Definition and properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.4.2 Computation with Dirichlet processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.4.3 Applications of Dirichlet processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2. SEMIPARAMETRIC BAYESIAN ANALYSIS OF SELECTION MODELS 12 2.1 Notation and models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.2 Some Aspects of the Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.2.1 Sampling plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1...