gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scientific Collaborations at a Distance (2001)

The Internet has the potential to enhance collaboration among researchers by supporting technical applications that facilitate the rapid dispersal of information and to coordinate numerous and complex real-time interactions. An important paradigm of Internet-mediated science is the collaboratory, or laboratory without walls, a virtual entity created by means of the high-performance computer network infrastructure now available to government, industry, and academics. In this policy forum, the authors, who are at the Great Lakes Regional Center for AIDS Research and who use collaboration technology, illustrate how this new approach can be used to support effective collaboration at a distance.
Electronically tunable floating CMOS resistor independent of the MOS parameters and temperature (2003)

A novel, electronically tunable floating resistor, which can be realized by CMOS technology is presented in this work. The resistance value is independent of the MOS threshold voltage V/sub T/, the mobility /spl mu//sub 0/ and the parameter C/sub 0x/. The above characteristics allow the implementation of an accurate resistance value, independent of temperature. Yet, a theoretical analysis concerning second order effects is presented which leads to useful conclusions concerning circuit design and operation. The theoretical predictions are verified by PSPICE simulation results.
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia is associated with efficiency of pulmonary gas exchange in healthy humans (2003)

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) may be associated with improved efficiency of pulmonary gas exchange by matching ventilation to perfusion within each respiratory cycle. Respiration rate, tidal volume, minute ventilation (.VE), exhaled carbon dioxide (.VCO(2)), oxygen consumption (.VO(2)), and heart rate were measured in 10 healthy human volunteers during paced breathing to test the hypothesis that RSA contributes to pulmonary gas exchange efficiency. Cross-spectral analysis of heart rate and respiration was computed to calculate RSA and the coherence and phase between these variables. Pulmonary gas exchange efficiency was measured as the average ventilatory equivalent of CO(2) (.VE/.VCO(2)) and O(2) (.VE/.VO(2)). Across subjects and paced breathing periods, RSA was significantly associated with CO(2) (partial r = -0.53, P = 0.002) and O(2) (partial r = -0.49, P = 0.005) exchange efficiency after controlling for the effects of age, respiration rate, tidal volume, and average heart rate. Phase between heart rate and respiration was significantly associated with CO(2) exchange efficiency (partial r = 0.40, P = 0.03). These results are consistent with previous studies and further support the theory that RSA may improve the efficiency of pulmonary gas exchange.
Femtosecond laser-induced long-range self-organized periodic planar nanocracks for applications in biophotonics (2007)

With the proper choice of laser parameters focused femtosecond laser light creates long-range self-assembled planar nanocracks inside and on the surface of fused silica glass. The orientation of the crack planes is normal to the laser polarization direction and can be precisely controlled. The arrays of cracks when properly oriented and combined with chemical etching produce high aspect ratio micro- and nanofluidic channels. Direct femtosecond laser writing without any chemical etching can be used to fabricate embedded nanoporous capillaries in bulk fused silica for biofiltering and electrophoresis applications. The morphology of the porous structures critically depends on the laser polarization and pulse energy and can be used to control the transmission rates of fluids through the capillaries. Finally high aspect ratio, polarization-dependent, self-ordered periodic nanoslots can be fabricated from nanocracks produced on the surface of fused silica wafers. Control of the surface slot width from 10 to 60 nm is achieved through selective chemical etching. This technique, which may be useful for Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) applications, has sub-diffraction limited resolution and features high throughput writing over centimeters.
High speed CMOS output stage for integrated DC-DC converters (2008)

A Hybrid Waffle layout technique is introduced for the design of CMOS power transistors in integrated low voltage DC-DC converters. Comparing with conventional Multi-Finger layout scheme, the Hybrid Waffle layout scheme allows optimized trade-off between device on-resistance and metal interconnect resistance to minimize overall on-resistance. Interestingly, the reduced channel width per unit area also leads to lower gate capacitance and faster switching speed. This paper presents a prototype DC-DC converter IC that contains integrated gate drivers, protection circuits and CMOS output transistors. Implemented in a standard 0.25μm CMOS, this IC can be switched at 12.5MHz with output current rated at 800mA with input voltage of up to 4.2V. Peak power efficiency of 85% was observed at 100mA. Die size is 1.1 x 1.5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Design of a scanning Josephson junction microscope for submicron-resolution magnetic imaging (1999)

We describe a magnetic field scanning instrument designed to extend the spatial resolution of scanning superconducting quantum interference device microscopy into the submicron regime. This instrument, the scanning Josephson junction microscope, scans a single Josephson junction across the surface of a sample, detecting the local magnetic field by the modulation of the junction critical current. By using a submicron junction and a scanning tunneling microscope feedback system to maintain close proximity to the surface, magnetic field sensitivity of 10 μG with a spatial resolution of 0.3 μm should be attainable, opening up new opportunities for imaging vortex configurations and core structure in superconductors and magnetic domains in magnetic materials.
Molecular basis for the inhibition of G protein-coupled inward rectifier K<sup>+</sup>channels by protein kinase C (2004)

G protein-coupled inward rectifier K(+) (GIRK) channels regulate cellular excitability and neurotransmission. The GIRK channels are activated by a number of inhibitory neurotransmitters through the G protein betagamma subunit (G(betagamma)) after activation of G protein-coupled receptors and inhibited by several excitatory neurotransmitters through activation of phospholipase C. If the inhibition is produced by PKC, there should be PKC phosphorylation sites in GIRK channel proteins. To identify the PKC phosphorylation sites, we performed systematic mutagenesis analysis on GIRK4 and GIRK1 subunits expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Our data showed that the heteromeric GIRK1/GIRK4 channels were inhibited by a PKC activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) through reduction of single channel open-state probability. Direct application of the catalytic subunit of PKC to excised patches had a similar inhibitory effect. This inhibition was greatly eliminated by mutation of Ser-185 in GIRK1 and Ser-191 in GIRK4 that remained G protein sensitive. The PKC-dependent phosphorylation seems to mediate the channel inhibition by the excitatory neurotransmitter substance P (SP) as specific PKC inhibitors and mutation of these PKC phosphorylation sites abolished the SP-induced inhibition of GIRK1/GIRK4 channels. Thus, these results indicate that the PKC-dependent phosphorylation underscores the inhibition of GIRK channels by SP, and Ser-185 in GIRK1 and Ser-191 in GIRK4 are the PKC phosphorylation sites.
Probing the Role of Electrostatic Forces in the Interaction of Clostridium pasteurianum Ferredoxin with Its Redox Partners (1995)

The ability of several low-potential redox proteins to mediate electron transfer between Clostridium pasteurianum pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase and hydrogenase has been evaluated in a coupled enzymatic assay. The active electron mediators, whatever their structure, must have a reduction potential compatible with the two enzymes, but for proteins of similar potentials, a marked specificity is displayed by 2[4Fe-4S] ferredoxins of the clostridial type. Such ferredoxins are small proteins exchanging electrons with many enzymes involved in the metabolism of anaerobic bacteria. The forces underlying the interactions of ferredoxin with hydrogenase and pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase have been examined with an emphasis on electrostatics: site-directed mutagenesis experiments have been used to individually convert all conserved glutamates and aspartates of C. pasteurianum ferredoxin into either neutral or positively charged amino acids. Also, up to four of these residues have been replaced simultaneously. The biological activities of the resulting variants depend very little on the number and the distribution of the anionic side chains on the surface of the ferredoxin. Only those molecular forms for which the immediate environment of the clusters is perturbed, independently of the charge distribution, display variations in their catalytic properties. It is concluded that electron transfer between C. pasteurianum 2[4Fe-4S] ferredoxin and its partners is far less dependent on electrostatic interactions than in many other well-documented electron transfer systems.
Concept Based Query Expansion (2013)

Concept based search is a method that enhances information retrieval systems using semantic relationships. The recall in concept based search is relatively low. That low recall comes from the fact that it is not easy to represent a concept completely. Query expansion intends to fill a gap because concept representation is always partial. Query expansion improves the recall. In this paper we present an expansion method for a concept based information retrieval. Our method uses semantic relatedness to extend user query through an undirected graph of concepts.
Value of cerebrospinal fluid leukocyte aggregation in distinguishing the causes of meningitis in children (2000)

There is no single test to diagnose the etiology of meningitis in children promptly and accurately. The finding of leukocyte aggregation in CSF might be of value as a sensitive adjunctive screening tool for the timely diagnosis of bacterial meningitis, recognizing that it has low specificity and potential practical limitations.
Antimicrobial properties of diacetyl (1982)

Diacetyl preparations from three commercial sources were found to be essentially similar when tested primarily against a set of 40 cultures, including 10 of lactic acid bacteria, 4 of yeasts, 12 of gram-positive non-lactic acid bacteria, and 14 of gram-negative bacteria. The compound was effective at pH less than or equal to 7.0 and progressively ineffective at pH greater than 7.0. The lactic acid bacteria were essentially unaffected by concentrations between 100 and 350 micrograms/ml over the pH range of 5.0 to 7.0. Of the 12 gram-positive non-lactic acid bacteria, 11 were inhibited by 300 micrograms/ml at pH less than or equal to 7.0. The three yeasts and the 13 gram-negative bacteria that grew at pH 5.5 were inhibited by 200 micrograms/ml. Diacetyl was ineffective against four clostridia under anaerobic conditions. It was lethal for gram-negative bacteria and generally inhibitory for gram-positive bacteria. Nongrowing cells were not affected. The effectiveness of diacetyl was considerably less in brain heart infusion broth, Trypticase soy agar, and cooked-meat medium than in nutrient broth or plate count agar. The antimicrobial activity was antagonized by glucose, acetate, and Tween 80 but not by gluconic acid. As an antimicrobial agent, diacetyl was clearly more effective against gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, and molds than against gram-positive bacteria.
Coherent Optical Communication (2008)

Most currently deployed optical fiber communication systems utilize intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) for information transmission. This technique is simple to implement, but places limits on information capacity. More advanced modulation formats encode information in the amplitude, phase and polarization of the signal, offering higher spectral efficiencies and information capacity. These formats require more complex coherent receivers to obtain the signal phase and polarization information.
Adaptive fuzzy control systems (2002)

Computer based process control systems have been used successfully for a number of years. However, these systems are often highly mathematical, are difficult to understand and implement, and are also inflexible. Fuzzy logic was developed in the early to mid 1960s by Lotfi Zadeh as an alternative to these complex traditional computer control schemes. Zadeh saw fuzzy logic as a way to achieve process control by allowing a computer to manipulate abstract concepts in a fashion that is akin to the way humans achieve process control. Fuzzy logic allowed computer programs to be developed that combined the computer's strength of crunching numbers rapidly with a human's strength for manipulating abstract linguistic concepts.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interaction of aromatic imides with DNA. 1. Spectrophotometric and viscometric studies (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInteraction of aromatic imides with DNA. 1. Spectrophotometric and viscometric studiesShau Fong Yen, Edmond J. Gabbay, and W. David WilsonCite this: Biochemistry 1982, 21, 9, 2070–2076Publication Date (Print):April 27, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 27 April 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00538a014https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00538a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views415Altmetric-Citations85LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adaptive Scheduling of Web Transactions (2009)

In highly interactive dynamic Web database systems, user satisfaction determines their success. In such systems, user requested web pages are dynamically created by executing a number of database queries or Web transactions. In this paper, we model the interrelated transactions generating a web page as <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">workflows</i> and quantify the user satisfaction by associating dynamic Web pages with <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">soft-deadlines</i> . Further, we model the importance of transactions in generating a page by associating different weights to transactions. Using this framework, system success is measured in terms of minimizing the deviation from the deadline (i.e., tardiness) and also minimizing the weighted such deviation (i.e., weighted tardiness). In order to efficiently support the materialization of dynamic Web pages, we propose <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ASETS</i> *, which is a parameter-free adaptive scheduling algorithm that automatically adapts to, not only system load, but also transactions' characteristics (i.e., interdependencies, deadlines and weights). <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ASETS</i> * prioritizes the execution of transactions with the objective of minimizing weighted tardiness. It is also capable of balancing the tradeoff between optimizing average- and worst-case performance when needed. The performance advantages of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ASETS</i> * are experimentally demonstrated.
Microsoft Systems Mangement Server 2003 Administrator's Companion (2003)

Deliver mission-critical software and updates-and help maximize your organization's productivity-with the essential administrator's reference to planning, deploying, and maintaining Microsoft Systems Management Server 2003.
Feasibility of FPGA Accelerated IPsec on Cloud (2018)

Line-rate speed requirements for performance hungry network applications like IPsec are getting problematic due to the virtualization trend. A single virtual network application hardly can provide 40 Gbps operation. This research considers the IPsec packet processing without IKE to be offloaded on an FPGA in a network. We propose an IPsec accelerator in an FPGA and explain the details that need to be considered for a production ready design. Based on our evaluation, Intel Arria 10 FPGA can provide 10 Gbps line-rate operation for the IPsec accelerator and to be responsible for 1000 IPsec tunnels. The research points out that for future data centers it is beneficial to rely on HW acceleration in terms of speed and energy efficiency for applications like IPsec.
Comparative Gene Expression Profiling in Human Cumulus Cells according to Ovarian Gonadotropin Treatments (2013)

In in vitro fertilization cycles, both HP-hMG and rFSH gonadotropin treatments are widely used to control human follicle development. The objectives of this study are (i) to characterize and compare gene expression profiles in cumulus cells (CCs) of periovulatory follicles obtained from patients stimulated with HP-hMG or rFSH in a GnRH antagonist cycle and (ii) to examine their relationship with in vitro embryo development, using Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 microarrays. Genes that were upregulated in HP-hMG-treated CCs are involved in lipid metabolism (GM2A) and cell-to-cell interactions (GJA5). Conversely, genes upregulated in rFSH-treated CCs are implicated in cell assembly and organization (COL1A1 and COL3A1). Interestingly, some genes specific to each gonadotropin treatment (NPY1R and GM2A for HP-hMG; GREM1 and OSBPL6 for rFSH) were associated with day 3 embryo quality and blastocyst grade at day 5, while others (STC2 and PTX3) were related to in vitro embryo quality in both gonadotropin treatments. These genes may prove valuable as biomarkers of in vitro embryo quality.
Effect of diet on the fatty acid composition of the major phospholipids of infant cerebral cortex. (1995)

The fatty acid compositions of the major cerebral cortex phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine were measured in 16 term and one preterm 'cot death' infants fed exclusively either breast milk or one of two formulas. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6n-3) content in cerebral cortex phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine of breast fed infants was greater than in both formula groups with significances varying between p < 0.1 and p < 0.001. Compensation for this deficiency in DHA in the formula fed infants was largely achieved by increased incorporation of docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n-6) in the cerebral cortex of term infants and Mead (C20:3n-9) and dihomo Mead acids (C22:3n-9) in the preterm infant. As the phospholipids most affected are known to perform an important role in membrane function and are possibly integral to neurotransmission it is recommended that breast milk substitute infant formulas should contain n-3 and n-6 series polyunsaturated fatty acids in proportions similar to those of human milk.
<title>Free-response receiver operating characteristic analysis in medical imaging</title> (1990)

Recently we have introduced a method for analyzing Free-response Receiver Operating Characteristic (FROC) experiments. These differ from traditional ROC observer performance experiments by allowing for multiple abnormalities and observer responses per image, and by requiring correct localization for true positive events. We introduced the Alternative FROC (AFROC) plot which is analogous to the ROC plot, and the area under it, which is analogous to the area parameter of ROC methodology. Subsequently we have extended the analysis with a new way of scoring FROC images, termed AFROC analysis. This renders unnecessary the Poisson assumption used in the earlier paper. We also introduced the Free-response Forced Error (FFE) experiment which renders unnecessary the Gaussian distribution assumption of FROC and AFROC analysis. FROC/FFE experiments performed with synthetic images (disk objects at random locations on a noise background) which illustrate the FROC methodology are presented. We wish to bring to the attention of PACS researchers that rather sophisticated efficacy analysis, which has several advantages over the standard ROC approach, is made possible through this methodology.
<I>endo</I>-Fullerene and Doped Diamond Nanocrystallite-Based Models of Qubits for Solid-State Quantum Computers (2001)

Models of encapsulated nuclear spin 1/2 1H and 31P atoms in fullerene and diamond nanocrystallite, respectively, are proposed and examined with an ab initio local density functional method for possible applications as single quantum bits (qubits) in solid-state quantum computers. A 1H atom encapsulated in a fully deuterated fullerene, C20D20, forms the first model system and ab initio calculation shows that the 1H atom is stable in its atomic state at the center of the fullerene with a barrier of about 1 eV to escape. A 31P atom positioned at the center of a diamond nanocrystallite is the second model system, and 31P atom is found to be stable at the substitutional site relative to interstitial sites by 15 eV. Vacancy formation energy is 6 eV in diamond, so the substitutional 31P atom will be stable against diffusion during the formation mechanisms within the nanocrystallite. The coupling between the nuclear spin and the weakly bound (valance) donor electron in both systems is found to be suitable for single qubit applications, whereas the spatial distributions of (valance) donor electron wave functions are found to be preferentially spread along certain lattice directions, facilitating two or more qubit applications. The feasibility of the fabrication pathways for both model solid-state qubit systems within practical quantum computers is discussed within the context of our proposed solid-state qubits.