gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Efficiency Synthesis of a Bioconjugatable Near-Infrared Fluorochrome (2003)

Near-infrared (NIR) fluorochromes have become important reporter molecules for many biomedical applications, including FACS sorting, confocal microscopy, and more recently in vivo imaging. While the structures of several stable 800 nm fluorochromes have been published, their synthesis is often complex and there are difficulties in rapidly purifying these compounds in large quantities. Here we report on the synthesis of NIR820, ex/em = 790/820, with excellent physicochemical properties. Importantly, NIR820 is conveniently synthesized in a three-step reaction and can be purified by flash column chromatography rather than by HPLC. NIR820 is chemically stable and can be directly coupled to peptides during the solid-phase synthesis. In addition, NIR820 is also suitable for conjugation to proteins and other affinity molecules in aqueous buffer.
Les Soleils des Indépendances : une œuvre polyphonique (2012)

Interrogeant les modalités d’écriture du thème politique dans Les Soleils des Indépendances, cette étude montre que la mise en récit du passage de l’histoire et des recompositions politiques et sociales passe par une référence constante du texte romanesque au registre épique, et par sa subversion simultanée. L’examen des diverses mises en œuvre de cette transgression de l’épique révèle que, par-delà la satire, elle vise à questionner le fondement même de tout discours, et à rendre visibles des lignes de conflit inhabituelles. Dans l’écriture même, une écriture de la bâtardise, se jouerait alors un réagencement du « partage du sensible » (Jacques Rancière), susceptible de conférer une portée politique au roman.
Building Java enterprise applications (2002)

Preface 1. Introduction Building Java Enterprise Applications Architecture What You'll Need 2. Blueprints Forethought Brokerage The Data Layer The Business Layer The Presentation Layer Finalizing the Plans What's Next? 3. Foundation Designing the Data Stores Databases Directory Servers What's Next? 4. Entity Basics Basic Design Patterns Coding the Bean Deploying the Bean What's Next? 5. Advanced Entities IDs, Sequences, and CMP Details, Details, Details Data Modeling Filling in the Blanks What's Next? 6. Managers Managers and Entities The LDAPManager Class What's Next? 7. Completing the Data Layer Odds and Ends Checkpoint Populating the Data Stores What's Next? 8. Business Logic The Facade Pattern The UserManager State Design What's Next? 9. Messaging and Packaging Messaging on the Server Messaging on the Client Packaging What's Next? 10. Beyond Architecture Flexibility Decision Point What's Next? A. SQL Scripts B. SQL Deployment C. Directory Server Setup D. Application Server Setup E. Supplemental Code Listings Index
A time varying transform domain excision filter for interference rejection in direct-sequence spread-spectrum (2003)

The performance of a direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DSSS) receiver with a transform domain prefilter is presented. The ability of a time-varying transform domain filter to reject narrowband interference is studied for different parameters as a function of noise power and jammer power. Digital processing design trade-off issues such as the transform domain excision filter bandwidth and window functions are explored. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations are performed to characterize system performance and parameter sensitivities. Receiver eye patterns are used to investigate the intersymbol interference (ISI) introduced by the time-varying interference rejection filter. Methods of reducing ISI are discussed. Hardware implementation issues are also considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reflection z‐scan measurements of opaque semiconductor thin films (2004)

Abstract We studied the nonlinear refraction of semiconductor thin films (3As 2 S 3 /As 2 Se 3 and CdS) at the wavelength of 532 nm using the reflection z‐scan technique (RZ‐scan). The values of nonlinear refractive indices γ of 3As 2 S 3 /As 2 Se 3 and CdS were calculated to be 5 × 10 –10 cm 2 W –1 and –5.2 × 10 –11 cm 2 W –1 . The comparison of RZ‐scans and transmission z‐scans was carried out for CdS film. The sign of nonlinear refraction of these chalcogenides was discussed in the framework of Kramers–Kronig transformations. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structure-Activity Relationship of Xanthines and Skeletal Muscle Ryanodine Receptor/Ca<sup>2+</sup> Release Channel (1997)

Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) in the millimolar range is known to activate the skeletal muscle Ca2+ release channel (ryanodine receptor). Xanthine analogs substituted in the 1, 3, 7, 8 and 9 positions were tested for their capacity to increase [3H]ryanodine binding to skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles enriched in Ca2+ release activity and ryanodine receptor content. Of the 30 xanthines tested, 9 were more effective than caffeine in increasing [3H]ryanodine binding. The 7-methyl group of caffeine was most important for activating the ryanodine receptor, followed by the methyl groups in the 1 and 3 positions. An increase in hydrophobicity of the side chains in positions 7, 1 and 3 enhanced the ability of xanthines to activate the ryanodine receptor. Substitutions in positions 8 and 9 were without effect or were inhibitory. These results should help in developing xanthines specific for the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release channel.
The RNA Polymerase II Core Promoter (2003)

The events leading to transcription of eukaryotic protein-coding genes culminate in the positioning of RNA polymerase II at the correct initiation site. The core promoter, which can extend ~35 bp upstream and/or downstream of this site, plays a central role in regulating initiation. Specific DNA elements within the core promoter bind the factors that nucleate the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex and integrate stimulatory and repressive signals from factors bound at distal sites. Although core promoter structure was originally thought to be invariant, a remarkable degree of diversity has become apparent. This article reviews the structural and functional diversity of the RNA polymerase II core promoter.
Wind turbine downtime and its importance for offshore deployment (2010)

Abstract While the performance and the efficiency of wind turbines and their energy yields have been improved with time, their reliability still needs improvement, particularly when considering their deployment offshore. IWES has been gathering operational experience from wind turbines since 1989, being involved in different projects dealing with the topic of availability and reliability. This paper draws statistical data from Germany's ‘250 MW Wind’ programme, evaluated by IWES. The prime objective of the survey was to extract information about the reliability characteristics of wind turbines. The main purpose of this paper is to discuss the frequency of failures and duration of downtimes for different wind turbine subassemblies based on existing onshore experience and point out the likely outcomes when turbines are deployed offshore. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fish anaesthesia (2014)

Abstract It is now widely accepted that fish can perceive pain and with up to 100 million being kept in over 4 million UK households, vets should be aware of when and how to administer appropriate anaesthesia.
A Single Intrathecal Injection of DNA and an Asymmetric Cationic Lipid as Lipoplexes Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (2011)

Intrathecal delivery of gene therapeutics is a route of administration that overcomes several of the limitations that plague current immunosuppressive treatments for autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Here we report intrathecal delivery of small amounts (3 μg) of plasmid DNA that codes for an immunomodulatory fusion protein, OX40-TRAIL, composed of OX40, a tumor necrosis factor receptor, and tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL). This DNA was delivered in a formulated nucleic acid-lipid complex (lipoplexes) with an asymmetric two-chain cationic lipid myristoyl (14:0) and lauroyl (12:1) rosenthal inhibitor-substituted compound (MLRI) formed from the tetraalkylammonium glycerol-based compound N-(1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)-propyl-N-1-(2-hydroxy)ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium iodide. Delivery and expression in the CNS of OX40-TRAIL in the mouse prior to onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for multiple sclerosis, decreased the severity of clinical disease. We believe this preclinical demonstration of rapid, widespread, and biologically therapeutic nonviral gene delivery to the CNS is important in further development of clinical lipid-based therapeutics for CNS disorders.
Examples of Ultrametrics (1975)

(1975). Examples of Ultrametrics. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 82, No. 7, pp. 749-752.
National public toilet map improves quality of life (2002)

A new online map is making life easier for the more than one million Australians affected by incontinence. (author abstract)
Cobots for the automobile assembly line (2003)

Intelligent assist devices (IADs) are a new class of hybrid devices for direct, physical, interaction with a human operator in shared workspaces. These devices-designed for the assembly line worker-can reduce ergonomics concerns that arise due to on-the-job physical and cognitive loading, while improving safety, quality and productivity. Cobots, a sub-set of IADs, implement software defined virtual guiding surfaces while providing some amplification of human power. They exemplify the central theme of this paper-that humans are critical in many assembly operations and ergonomics tools that enable them to perform their duties are necessary. The paper describes broad design principles for human-machine interaction in these industrial settings. Prototype industrial cobots designed for testing and validation are described.
A Calorimeter for the Measurement of small amounts of Heat liberated slowly (1950)

A calorimeter is described for the measurement of quantities of heat of the order 1 to 10 cal. (1 cal. = 4.186 joules). Its special feature is that the heat leakage remains approximately constant, and determinable to ± 0.1 cal./hr., over periods of several hours; it therefore allows slow reactions to be followed. Experimental curves are given showing how, when it is known that the heat leakage is sensibly constant, the form of the experimental curve may immediately suggest the nature of an interaction.
Verification of Array, Record, and Pointer Operations in Pascal (1979)

A practical method is presented for automating in a uniform way the verification of Pascal programs that operate on the standard Pascal data structures Array, Record, and Pointer. New assertion language primitives are introduced for describing computational effects of operations on these data structures. Axioms defining the semantics of the new primitives are given. Proof rules for standard Pascal operations on data structures are then defined using the extended assertion language. An axiomatic rule for the Pascal storage allocation operation, NEW, is also given. These rulers have been implemented in the Stanford Pascal program verifier. Examples illustrating the verification of programs which operate on list structures implemented with pointers and records are discussed. These include programs with side effects.
The Use of Spreadsheets to Calculate the Convolution Sum of Two Finite Sequences (2004)

ELHAJJ A, 1991, IEEE T EDUC, V34, P43, DOI 10.1109-13.79879; ELHAJJ A, 1992, IEE PROC-G, V139, P607; ELHAJJ A, 1995, J COMPUTER APPL ENG, V3, P205; ELHAJJ A, 1995, IEEE T EDUC, V38, P317, DOI 10.1109-13.473149; El-Hajj A., 1990, International Journal of Applied Engineering Education, V6; Kabalan KY, 1996, IEE P-SCI MEAS TECH, V143, P52, DOI 10.1049-ip-smt:19960020; Kabalan KY, 1997, SIMULATION, V68, P101, DOI 10.1177-003754979706800203; Kabaln K. Y., 1996, International Journal of Engineering Education, V12; *MICR CORP, 1994, MICR EXC US GUID VER; Pierre JW, 1996, IEEE T EDUC, V39, P77, DOI 10.1109-13.485235; Soliman S. S., 1990, CONTINUOUS DISCRETE; STANTON BJ, 1993, IEEE T EDUC, V36, P62, DOI 10.1109-13.204818
The Variation of Young's Modulus with Magnetization and Temperature in Nickel (1936)

The relation between Young's modulus, magnetization, and temperature in annealed polycrystalline nickel, 99.7 percent pure, is determined for values of $J$ between zero and saturation, and for values of $T$ between 23.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C and 400\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. The percent increase in Young's modulus is proportional to ${J}^{2}$ between zero and about 0.4 saturation, at all temperatures below 311\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. The total increase in the modulus from the demagnetized to the saturated state is 6.7 percent at 23\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, reaches a maximum of 18.7 percent at 185\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, and decreases to zero at the Curie point. The results indicate that the theory of this phenomenon offered by Akulov is probably essentially correct but requires modification. The method employed for the measurement of Young's modulus yields at the same time a measure of the coefficient of internal friction of the material. The internal friction decreases with increasing magnetization at all temperatures below the Curie point. In the demagnetized material it reaches a maximum value at the same temperature as does the change in elastic modulus. Its value at magnetic saturation is the same order of magnitude as that of a nonferromagnetic substance.
In Situ Studies of the Active Sites for the Water Gas Shift Reaction over Cu−CeO<sub>2</sub> Catalysts:  Complex Interaction between Metallic Copper and Oxygen Vacancies of Ceria (2005)

New information about the active sites for the water gas shift (WGS) reaction over Cu-CeO2 systems was obtained using in-situ, time-resolved X-ray diffraction (TR-XRD), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (TR-XAS, Cu K and Ce L3 edges), and infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS). Cu-CeO2 nanoparticles prepared by a novel reversed microemulsion method (doped Ce1-xCuxO2 sample) and an impregnation method (impregnated CuOx/CeO2 sample) were studied. The results from all of the samples indicate that both metallic copper and oxygen vacancies in ceria were involved in the generation of active sites for the WGS reaction. Evidence was found for a synergistic Cu-Ovacancy interaction. This interaction enhances the chemical activity of Cu, and the presence of Cu facilitates the formation of O vacancies in ceria under reaction conditions. Water dissociation occurred on the Ovacancy sites or the Cu-Ovacancy interface. No significant amounts of formate were formed on the catalysts during the WGS reaction. The presence of strongly bound carbonates is an important factor for the deactivation of the catalysts at high temperatures. This work identifies for the first time the active sites for the WGS reaction on Cu-CeO2 catalysts and illustrates the importance of in situ structural studies for heterogeneous catalytic reactions.
GREENHOUSE ENVIRONMENT AND LEAF LETTUCE CULTIVATION DURING HOT SUMMER SEASON IN SOUTH KOREA (2002)

During hot summer season in South Korea, about 21.6% of the greenhouse farms are in fallow state and even most of greenhouse farms to be cultivated are operated under the very poor environmental conditions. When the summer greenhouses are cooled with the evaporative cooling system together with shading screen, they can mostly be maintained below 35°, which are about 3.6~4.4°C lower than those operated with natural ventilation system only. But when the each assistant cooling methods, such as vent, vent and shading screen, roof sprinkling are used for greenhouse cooling, about 74.8%, 26.9%, and 58.2% of the temperatures measured from 10:00 to 17:00 every day during July to August were above 35oc and the maximum temperature was increased up to 42°C. The method of cooling the nutrient solution in combination with spraying water on leaf surface during summer season was found to be successful. The greenhouse, equipped with shading screen and utilized for this experiment, was exposed to the summer climate under the air temperatures of 33~35°C and the relative humidity of 60~73%. When the nutrient solution was cooled down to 20°C and also the water was sprayed over plant canopy, the temperature of leaf lettuce was found to be 30~32°C which was about 5oc lower than the temperature(35~37°C) of leaf lettuce grown under control greenhouse with no treatment of cooling. In case of leaf lettuce in control greenhouse, the transpiration rate of leaf surface at this time was higher than the water absorption rate of root, which was explaining why the leaf lettuce was subjected to withering state and the leaf temperature was increased so high. The difference between transpiration rate and absorption rate were measured about 4.1~7.5 mg.cm-2.h-1, which could be good measure to express why and how much the root activity of leaf lettuce were reduced.
Pyrophoric synthesis technique for multicomponent high-temperature superconductors (1990)

A pyrophoric technique using an explosive exothermic reaction has been developed to yield calcined and microscopically homogeneous (0.3 μm size) powders of multicomponent cuprate systems. The technique has been used to synthesize superconducting materials of variable composition of the type M1M2⋅⋅⋅MnOx. The bulk materials prepared from these powders show sharp (1 K) superconducting transitions and nearly ideal Meissner effect.
Spherical shell and volume arrays (1995)

By applying appropriate phase weights, an array of omnidirectional elements on a spherical shell can be made to scan the main beam over 4 pi steradians. Although the general analytic solution for the radiation pattern appears to be intractable, the result when the elements are uniformly weighted in amplitude is a sinc function. This result is applied to derive the radiation pattern from a fully or partially filled spherical array with uniform amplitude weighting throughout. The established optimal aperture distributions used with linear arrays are adapted to obtain volume distributions to apply to the elementary shells in a fully filled sphere to obtain the corresponding radiation pattern characteristics.
Determining the Optimum Process Parameters by Asymmetric Quality Loss Function (2006)

Huang presented a trade-off problem, taking both product quality and process adjustment cost into account, to determine the optimum parameters (i.e., the process mean and process variance) of the input characteristic in the transformation model. In Huang's transformation model, the input characteristic, x, is assumed to be normally distributed and the output characteristic, y, is nominal-the-best with a target value. The relationship between x and y can be either linear or quadratic. When formulating the cost function in the transformation model, Huang used the symmetric quadratic loss function to measure the loss of profit. In this paper, we extend Huang's quadratic transformation model to a more general case by respectively using asymmetric quadratic and asymmetric linear loss functions in the cost function. The modified cost functions using asymmetric quadratic and asymmetric linear loss functions are developed. A numerical example is provided for illustration.

			Keywords: Asymmetric Quality Loss Function; Trade-Off Problem; Process Mean; Process Variance; Target Value.
Locking Protocols (1983)

This paper is concerned with the problem of developing a family of locking protocols which employ both SHARED and EXCLUSIVE locks and which ensure the consistency of database systems that are accessed concurrently by a number of asynchronously running transactions. First, a general result concerning extensions of all protocols that employ EXCLUSIVE locks only to also employ SHARED locks is presented. Then a famdy of protocols apphcable to database systems that are modeled by directed acydtc graphs Is presented.
Site-directed mutagenesis to enhance thermostability of Aspergillus awamori glucoamylase expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1993)

Aspergillus awamori glucoamylase is a secreted glycoprotein containing Nlinked carbohydrate recognition sites at Asnl71, Asnl82, and Asn395. Site-directed mutagenesis was performed at Asnl82 and Asn395 to determine whether these res­ idues were N-glycosylated by S. cerevisiae, to investigate the function of any glycans linked to them, and to determine the effect of their deamidation on glucoamy­ lase thermostability. Asnl71 and Asn395, but not Asnl82, were N-glycosylated. Deletion of the glycan N-linked to Asn395 did not affect specific activity, but great­ ly decreased enzyme secretion and thermostability. The mutant lacking the N-glycan linked to Asn395 was synthesized very slowly, and was more associated with cell membrane components and susceptible to protease degradation than were wild-type or other mutant glucoamylases. Its secreted form was thirty-fold less thermostable than wild-type enzyme at pH 4.5. Replacement of Asnl82 by Gin to eliminate deamidation at this site did not change glucoamylase specific activity or thermostability, while replacement by Asp decreased specific activity about 25% but increased thermostability moderately at pH 4.5 below 70°C. Both mutations of Asnl82 increased glucoamylase production.
[Simultaneous quantitative analysis of multielements in Al alloy samples by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy]. (2009)

The multielement components of some aluminium alloy samples were quantified by using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The Nd : YAG pulsed laser was used to produce plasma in ambient air. The spectral range of 200-980 nm was simultaneously obtained through a multichannel grating spectrometer and CCD detectors. The authors studied the influences of time delays, energy of the laser, and depth profile of elements in samples on spectral intensity, and optimized the experimental parameters based on the influence analysis. With the optimal experimental parameters, the authors made the calibration curves by four certified aluminum alloy samples for eight elements, Si, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg, Zn, Sn, and Ni, and quantified the composition of an aluminum sample. The obtained maximum relative standard deviation (RSD) was 5.89%, and relative errors were--20.99%-15%. Experimental results show that LIBS is an effective technique for quantitative analysis of aluminum alloy samples, though the improved accuracy of the quantitative analysis is necessary.
A consumption model for targeted electronic advertising (1995)

Information distribution networks will give consumers access to rich media-based electronic content in both business and home settings. Electronic advertising will become an integral component of such networks, subsidizing consumption while providing a new service for consumers without invading their personal space. The consumption model presented in this article explains how consumer-driven advertising might develop-and why it probably won't be soon.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>