gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of drug resistance in the archaebacterium Methanococcus voltae with respect to potential use in genetic engineering (1988)

The sensitivity of the methanogenic archaebacterium Methanococcus voltae to 12 inhibitors was tested in liquid medium. Four compounds appeared to be inhibitors of growth. Their MICs were as follows: pseudomonic acid, 0.1 micrograms/ml (0.19 microM); puromycin, 2 micrograms/ml (3.6 microM); methionine sulfoximine, 30 micrograms/ml (170 microM); and fusidic acid, 100 micrograms/ml (170 microM). On solid medium, the MICs were similar and the frequency of spontaneous resistance was found to be 5 X 10(-5) (methionine sulfoximine), 10(-7) (pseudomonic acid), and less than 10(-7) (puromycin and fusidic acid). Pseudomonic acid was found to inhibit isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase activity as measured by the in vitro aminoacylation of M. voltae tRNA with L-[U-14C]isoleucine. Fusidic acid and puromycin were shown to inhibit poly(U)-dependent polyphenylalanine synthesis in S30 extracts. Acetylpuromycin was inhibitory at much higher concentrations both in vivo and in vitro for M. voltae. Thus, the pac gene of Streptomyces alboniger, which is responsible for acetylation of puromycin and which conferred resistance to puromycin when introduced in eubacteria and eucaryotes, is a potential selective marker in gene transfer experiments with M. voltae. The latter was recently shown to be transformable. The same would be true for the cat gene of Tn9, which encodes resistance to fusidic acid in eubacteria in addition to resistance to chloramphenicol.
Personalized Web-page Rendering System (2008)

Personalized rendering of web pages gives the users greater control to view only what they prefer. The goal of this work is to provide a tool that will let users customize the content on the pages. Our proposed model architecture learns user preferences through interaction and eventually learns to block content that is not of interest, or is ofiensive, to the user. This learning from interaction is achieved through a combination of reinforcement learning and data mining techniques. In this paper we look at customizing the rendering of advertisements. We provide the user a tool that customizes itself to their preferences, and blocks irrelevant advertisements and allow only those that are of interest to the user. We also demonstrate empirically that our tool customizes itself to hypothetical hand crafted users.
How to Compute Offsets Without Self-Intersection (1991)

Traditional t.echniques for computing offsets are local in nature and lack good criteria for eliminating possible self-intersections of the offset. Methods based on integrating differential equations or on image processing do not lack such criteria, but seem to require constructing the solution in the ambient space, i.e., in one dimension larger than the offset. We investigate such methods.
The Random Walk Model Kalman Filter in Multichannel Active Noise Control (2015)

In order to adapt the Kalman filter (KF), the RLS algorithm or other, to single channel active noise control (ANC) the MFx structure is used. But, this is more complex in the multichannel case. The RLS and others have been adapted to multi-channel ANC. However, there has been no adaptation of the KF based on a random walk state space model. This is similar to the RLS but has some advantages. The RLS algorithm tries to invert the autocorrelation matrix of the reference signal, and can become unstable if this is singular. The same is not true for random walk based KF. In the paper we present an adaptation of the KF to multi-channel ANC.
Second-harmonic generation in germanosilicate glass poled with ArF laser irradiation (1997)

We report on a remarkably large second-harmonic generation (SHG) in a germanosilicate glass (15.7 GeO2–84.3 SiO2 in mol %), which was induced by poling while the sample was irradiated with the ArF laser at the wavelength of 193 nm. The SHG coefficient, d, thus induced was measured at various poling electric-field strengths using the Maker-fringe technique. The value of d increases with increasing poling field and then saturates around 1.5×105 V/cm. The largest d coefficient value obtained in this work, which is 3.4±0.3 pm/V, seems to exceed d22 of LiNbO3. Furthermore, polarization dependence of the induced SHG shows an anisotropy of the refractive index.
ANETODERMA (1979)

ABSTRACT: Anetoderma is a rare cutaneous condition with characteristic, clinical features and histopathalogy. The condition is classified into idiopathic (Jadassohn or Pellizzari type) and atrophic (Schweinger‐Buzzi type) concomitant with other diseases, and secondary to infection or drugs.
Nitrate-Induced Genes in Tomato Roots. Array Analysis Reveals Novel Genes That May Play a Role in Nitrogen Nutrition, (2001)

A subtractive tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) root cDNA library enriched in genes up-regulated by changes in plant mineral status was screened with labeled mRNA from roots of both nitrate-induced and mineral nutrient-deficient (-nitrogen [N], -phosphorus, -potassium [K], -sulfur, -magnesium, -calcium, -iron, -zinc, and -copper) tomato plants. A subset of cDNAs was selected from this library based on mineral nutrient-related changes in expression. Additional cDNAs were selected from a second mineral-deficient tomato root library based on sequence homology to known genes. These selection processes yielded a set of 1,280 mineral nutrition-related cDNAs that were arrayed on nylon membranes for further analysis. These high-density arrays were hybridized with mRNA from tomato plants exposed to nitrate at different time points after N was withheld for 48 h, for plants that were grown on nitrate/ammonium for 5 weeks prior to the withholding of N. One hundred-fifteen genes were found to be up-regulated by nitrate resupply. Among these genes were several previously identified as nitrate responsive, including nitrate transporters, nitrate and nitrite reductase, and metabolic enzymes such as transaldolase, transketolase, malate dehydrogenase, asparagine synthetase, and histidine decarboxylase. We also identified 14 novel nitrate-inducible genes, including: (a) water channels, (b) root phosphate and K(+) transporters, (c) genes potentially involved in transcriptional regulation, (d) stress response genes, and (e) ribosomal protein genes. In addition, both families of nitrate transporters were also found to be inducible by phosphate, K, and iron deficiencies. The identification of these novel nitrate-inducible genes is providing avenues of research that will yield new insights into the molecular basis of plant N nutrition, as well as possible networking between the regulation of N, phosphorus, and K nutrition.
High Step-Up Converter With Coupled-Inductor (2005)

In this study, a high step-up converter with a coupled-inductor is investigated. In the proposed strategy, a coupled inductor with a lower-voltage-rated switch is used for raising the voltage gain (whether the switch is turned on or turned off). Moreover, a passive regenerative snubber is utilized for absorbing the energy of stray inductance so that the switch duty cycle can be operated under a wide range, and the related voltage gain is higher than other coupled-inductor-based converters. In addition, all devices in this scheme also have voltage-clamped properties and their voltage stresses are relatively smaller than the output voltage. Thus, it can select low-voltage low-conduction-loss devices, and there are no reverse-recovery currents within the diodes in this circuit. Furthermore, the closed-loop control methodology is utilized in the proposed scheme to overcome the voltage drift problem of the power source under the load variations. As a result, the proposed converter topology can promote the voltage gain of a conventional boost converter with a single inductor, and deal with the problem of the leakage inductor and demagnetization of transformer for a coupled-inductor-based converter. Some experimental results via examples of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) power source and a traditional battery are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed power conversion strategy.
585-NM Pulsed Dye Laser Treatment of Glottal Papillomatosis (2002)

Treatment of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis of the glottis is often challenging. The surgeon and patient must cooperatively balance decisions regarding airway safety, effects of multiple general anesthesias, employment disturbance, and vocal dysfunction. A pilot study was done in 41 adult cases (23 patients; 78 vocal folds) without complication to evaluate the effectiveness of a 585-nm pulsed dye laser (PDL; 450-μs pulse width; fluence of 38 to 255 J/cm 2 ; 1- to 2-mm spot size) in the treatment of this disorder. Thirty-seven of the 41 cases (90%) were bilateral disease. Twenty-six of the 41 cases (63%; including 20 cases with involvement of the anterior commissure) were treated by bilateral photocoagulation of the lesions' microcirculation without microflap resection of tissue. Clinical observation revealed that irradiated but unresected disease involuted without development of an anterior commissure web. In the initial 13 of the 41 cases (32%), PDL treatment was followed by cold instrument microflap resection. The PDL enhanced the epithelial excision by improving hemostasis and by creating an optimal dissection plane between the basement membrane and the underlying superficial lamina propria. The PDL at 585 nm was less effective in the management of exophytic lesions because of its limited depth of penetration (approximately 2 mm). In this initial trial, the PDL was a relatively safe and efficacious treatment for glottal recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Since the lesions involute without complete resection of the diseased epithelium, the anterior commissure can be treated to minimize the number of procedures. To study patterns of recurrence will require longer follow-up.
Perceptual organization of occluding contours (2002)

The mechanics of occlusion of one surface by another are described by a set of integer linear constraints. These constraints insure that the output of a contour grouping process is physically valid and consistent with the image evidence. Among the many feasible solutions, the most compelling is the solution which best explains the presence and form of image structure. The problem of computing a complete and consistent surface boundary representation is reduced to solving an integer linear program.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quantitative Non-Gaussian Diffusion and Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2014)

With a proper methodological framework, IVIM MRI can provide valuable information on tissue structure and microvasculature beneficial for the diagnosis of breast cancer lesions.
A solid-state process for formation of boron nitride nanotubes (1999)

The formation of boron nitride (BN) nanotubes via a solid-state process is demonstrated. The nanotubes are produced by first ball-milling hexagonal BN powder to generate highly disordered or amorphous nanostructures, followed by annealing at temperatures up to 1300 °C. The annealing leads to the nucleation and growth of hexagonal BN nanotubes of both cylindrical and bamboo-like morphology. Unlike previous mechanisms for nanotube formation, the reordering and solid-state growth process of our nanotubes does not involve deposition from the vapor phase nor chemical reactions.
Cytokinin Is Required to Induce the Nitrogen-Dependent Accumulation of mRNAs for Phospho<i>enol</i>pyruvate Carboxylase and Carbonic Anhydrase in Detached Maize Leaves (1992)

Previous studies with intact maize (Zea mays L.) plants indicated that phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) levels are controlled by nitrogen (N) availability and that this regulation is presumably at the transcriptional level (B. Sugiharto, K. Miyata, H. Nakamoto, H. Sasakawa, T. Sugiyama [1990] Plant Physiol 92: 963-969; B. Sugiharto, T. Sugiyama [1992] Plant Physiol 98: 1403-1408). In the present study, detached maize leaves were used to investigate further the mechanism of N-dependent regulation of gene expression in C(4) plants. PEPC and carbonic anhydrase (CA) mRNA levels decreased in leaves detached from maize plants. Addition of high nitrate did not prevent this decrease. However, the addition of zeatin to solutions bathing the cut ends of the detached leaves inhibited the decrease of PEPC and CA mRNA levels. Simultaneous addition of high nitrate and zeatin to leaves detached from N-deficient maize plants caused a large and rapid increase in PEPC and CA mRNA levels. Zeatin could be replaced by benzyladenine, but not by indoleacetic acid or abscisic acid. Both CA isozymes were effected and responded in an identical manner. We conclude that detached maize leaves provide an excellent experimental system to study the mechanism(s) of N-mediated regulation of PEPC and CA gene expression. However, zeatin is an essential component of this system.
Commensal bacteria at the crossroad between cholesterol homeostasis and chronic inflammation in atherosclerosis (2017)

The gut microbiota were shown to play critical roles in the development of atherosclerosis, but the detailed mechanism is limited. The purpose of this study is to clarify the influence of gut microbiota on atherogenesis via lipid metabolism and systemic inflammation. Germ-free or conventionally raised (Conv) ApoE-deficient (<i>ApoE</i><sup>-/-</sup>) mice were fed chow diet and euthanized at 20 weeks of age. We found that the lack of gut microbiota in <i>ApoE</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice caused a significant increase in the plasma and hepatic cholesterol levels compared with Conv <i>ApoE</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice. The absence of gut microbiota changed the bile acid composition in the ileum, which was associated with activation of the enterohepatic fibroblast growth factor 15, fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 axis, and reduction of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase and hepatic bile acid synthesis, resulting in the accumulation of liver cholesterol content. However, we found that the lack of microbiota caused a significant reduction in atherosclerotic lesion formation compared with Conv <i>ApoE</i><sup>-/-</sup> mice, which might be associated with the attenuation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammatory responses. Our findings indicated that the gut microbiota affected both hypercholesterolemia and atherogenesis in mice.
Portable coordinate measuring tool (2005)

The ability to accurately measure the placement of features within a level is becoming increasingly critical in integrated circuit fabrication. In this article the level to be measured is patterned on a transparent wafer in poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) resist to which a blue absorbing dye has been added. The dyed resist is on top of a thin partially transparent aluminum layer and is highly visible when viewed in reflected blue light in an oil immersion microscope. It is placed over a diffraction grating, which is not visible, both because the aluminum layer reflects most of the light and because the grating is far out of focus. In transmitted red laser light the grating can be seen, since various techniques may be used to increase the depth of focus of gratings in collimated monochromatic light. However, the resist pattern is not seen, because the resist is transparent to red light and the immersion oil matches its index of refraction. Measuring the separation between features reduces to measuring their location with respect to individual grating lines, and then counting the number of lines between them. The image placement accuracy of levels measured with two-dimensional gratings will be limited by the accuracy of the gratings—at present less than 2nm.
PENERAPAN METODE LANGSUNG DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERBAHASA ARAB SISWA KELAS VIII SMP UNISMUH MAKASSAR (2019)

The purpose of this study is to describe the learning process with the direct method of learning Arabic in Makassar Unismuh Middle School and to find out the results of applying the direct method in learning Arabic. This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) with several cycles to get the desired data and information. From the results of this study it can be seen that the results of learning Arabic in class VIII Makassar Unismuh Middle School has increased after the implementation of direct methods in learning. This can be seen from the increase in student learning outcomes from the medium category in the first cycle and the high category in the second cycle with an average score of 7.1 increasing to 8.11. Keywords: Direct method, Language, Arabic
Phosphatidic acid modulates DNA synthesis, phospholipase C, and platelet-derived growth factor mRNAs in cultured mesangial cells. Role of protein kinase C. (1990)

Increases in cell phosphatidic acid content occur in response to a wide variety of agonists, many of which have growth promoting properties. These changes have correlated with calcium flux, enzyme activation, gene induction, or cell proliferation. In the current studies we show that exogenous phosphatidic acid (PA) and phosphatidylserine stimulate phosphoinositide hydrolysis and DNA synthesis in cultured human renal mesangial cells. These phospholipids also induce mRNAs for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). The activation of phospholipase C by PA appears to be desensitized via protein kinase C as brief preincubation with phorbol ester abrogates the effect. PA-induced DNA synthesis is only partly mediated via protein kinase C as co-incubation with the inhibitor staurosporine blunts DNA synthesis by only one-third. In contrast, induction of PDGF A-chain mRNA is almost totally inhibited by staurosporine. We propose that changes in endogenous phospholipids such as PA or phosphatidylserine may serve as common signaling pathway for a variety of growth factors. Induction of PDGF proto-oncogenes via protein kinase C may represent one mechanism by which this cell activation occurs.
Amplitude and phase control of spontaneous emission (2000)

We consider spontaneous emission in a four-level atomic system driven by three fields. It is shown that by controlling the phase and the amplitude of the driving fields a wide variety of spectral behavior can be obtained, ranging from a very narrow single spectral line to up to six spectral of varying widths.
Western Australian Sandalwood Oil—New Constituents of<i>Santalum spicatum</i>(R. Br.) A. DC. (Santalaceae) (2003)

Abstract Commercial Australian sandalwood oil produced from Santalum spicatum (R. Br.) A. DC. roots was analyzed using GC and GC/MS. Seventy constituents were identified: four monoterpenes, 64 sesquiterpenes and two others. Four compounds (Z)-β-curcumen-12-ol, (Z)-12-hydroxysesquicineole,6,10-epoxybisabol-2-en-12-olandnor-helifolen-12-al were found to our knowledge for die first time in nature and were characterized using 1H-, 13C-N M R, GC/FTIR and GC/MS analyses.
Immunomodulators for skin cancer. (2005)

Therapeutic interventions to augment tumor antigenicity or increase the host's immune response against cancer cells include recombinant cytokines, immune modulators, vaccination with tumor antigens, T cell-based immunotherapy, and gene therapy. We describe the current role of the immunomodulators (up-regulators of the immune response) in the therapy of skin cancer (non melanoma skin cancer, melanoma, lymphoma, Kaposi sarcoma, and extramammary Paget's disease).
Can Changes in Clinical Practice Decrease the Incidence of Severe Retinopathy of Prematurity in Very Low Birth Weight Infants? (2003)

We observed a significant decrease in the rate of severe ROP in very low birth weight infants in association with an educational program provided to all NICU staff and the implementation and enforcement of clinical practices of O(2) management and monitoring. Although several confounders cannot be excluded, it is likely that differences in these clinical practices may be, at least in part, responsible for the documented intercenter variability in rates of ROP.
Reinforcement Learning with Autonomous Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Cluttered Environments (2015)

We present ongoing work in the Autonomy Incubator at NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) exploring the efficacy of a data set aggregation approach to reinforcement learning for small unmanned aerial vehicle (sUAV) flight in dense and cluttered environments with reactive obstacle avoidance. The goal is to learn an autonomous flight model using training experiences from a human piloting a sUAV around static obstacles. The training approach uses video data from a forward-facing camera that records the human pilot's flight. Various computer vision based features are extracted from the video relating to edge and gradient information. The recorded human-controlled inputs are used to train an autonomous control model that correlates the extracted feature vector to a yaw command. As part of the reinforcement learning approach, the autonomous control model is iteratively updated with feedback from a human agent who corrects undesired model output. This data driven approach to autonomous obstacle avoidance is explored for simulated forest environments furthering autonomous flight under the tree canopy research. This enables flight in previously inaccessible environments which are of interest to NASA researchers in Earth and Atmospheric sciences.
Interactive visualisation of a travel itinerary (2000)

We demonstrate a graphic visualisation of a travel itinerary, with special emphasis on time and time zones. A traditional itinerary is a text document, detailing locations, and arrival and departure times for travel and accommodation. It is usually written in diary form, showing the sequence of events to be followed on a trip. Many questions can be answered easily from such an itinerary. What time should the traveler check in at the airport? Which country are they visiting on a particular date? Other questions can be more difficult to answer. How long is the first flight? What time is it at home when the traveler reaches their hotel? The written form is also quite poor at providing a 'picture' of an entire trip. The reader cannot tell at a glance how many countries are being visited, or whether the stay in England is longer than the slay in France. The visualisation discussed here attempts to make answering such questions relatively simple. Usability studies are described which show the advantages of our visualisation.
A hybrid method for image partitioning in low bit rate segmented image coding (2002)

A new technique for extracting, perceptually ranking and selecting meaningful image details is proposed. The selected details are combined with the segments describing the main objects, produced after roughly segmenting the image. The hybrid scheme, which combines coarse segmentation and refinement by selected image details, leads to better visual image quality than using direct segmentation, especially in the case of low bit rate coding.
Approaches to blind equalization of signals with multiple modulus (2003)

The constant modulus algorithm (CMA) and decision-directed (DD) equalizer are two ways to approach blind equalization of signals that are known to lie on a circle of fixed radius, but where specific values at any given time are unknown. In m-ary quadrature amplitude modulation, the signals lie on n circles of known radius. The authors present two possible approaches to the n-modulus problem, both in the spirit of feature reconstruction algorithms. The multiple-modulus algorithm uses a straightforward generalization of the CMA cost function to derive its update, whereas the decision-adjusted-modulus algorithm is a hybrid of the CMA and DD approaches.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>