gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Giant voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy effect in a crystallographically strained CoFe system (2018)

We experimentally demonstrate a giant voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) coefficient in a crystallographically strained CoFe layer (∼15 monolayers in thickness) in a MgO/CoFe/Ir system. We observed a strong applied voltage dependence of saturation field and an asymmetric concave behavior with giant VCMA coefficients of −758 and 1043 fJ V−1 m−1. The result of structural analysis reveals epitaxial growth in MgO/CoFe/Ir layers and the orientation relationship MgO(001)[110] ∥ CoFe(001)[100] ∥ Ir(001)[110]. The CoFe layer has a bcc structure and a tetragonal distortion due to the lattice mismatch; therefore, the CoFe layer has a large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy.
Measurements of attenuation from vertical seismic profiles (1981)

Abstract Values of attenuation have been extracted from five detailed velocity surveys. Significant amounts of attenuation are observed in all five wells. Measured values of attenuation vary by a factor of 10, ranging from less than 0.1 to 0.9 dB/wavelength. Correlation of attenuation with lithology is good, considering the resolution limits of the surveys.One of the surveys was performed in West Texas, and the other four were carried out in the Gulf Coast area. The total number of recording depths in each survey varied from 31 to 208, with downhole recordings taken every 10 or 20 ft over key stratigraphic zones. In all five surveys, a monitor geophone was placed near the well to check for source consistency.Our procedure for measuring attenuation involved constructing the spectral ratio between each downhole pulse and one particular reference pulse. A value of cumulative attenuation (CA) was then extracted from each spectral ratio and plotted as a function of geophone depth. This method allowed us to use many measurements in determining the attenuation over each depth interval.
1,2,5-Thiadiazole-1-oxides. I. Synthesis and Reactions of Alkoxy and Alkylthio Analogs (1981)

Diethoxy and dithiomerhyl 1,2,5-rhiadia~ole oxides were synthesized from the corresponding aralimidaces with thionyl chlorides.The alkoxy and elkythio groups were readily replaced by mines, carbon nucleophiletl and hydroxide.The resulting hydroxy compounds were alkylated and acylated on the ring nitrogen.The N-alkyl products could be also obtained by thermal0 to N rearrangement of the alkoxy derivatiYes.
A Thyroid Hormone–Based Strategy for Correcting the Biochemical Abnormality in X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy (2017)

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a rare, genetic disorder characterized by adrenal insufficiency and central nervous system (CNS) demyelination. All patients with X-ALD have the biochemical abnormality of elevated blood and tissue levels of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), saturated fatty acids with 24 to 26 carbons. X-ALD results from loss of function mutations in the gene encoding the peroxisomal transporter ABCD1, which is responsible for uptake of VLCFAs into peroxisomes for degradation by oxidation. One proposed therapeutic strategy for genetic complementation of ABCD1 is pharmacologic upregulation of ABCD2, a gene encoding a homologous peroxisomal transporter. Here, we show that thyroid hormone or sobetirome, a clinical-stage selective thyroid hormone receptor agonist, increases cerebral Abcd2 and lowers VLCFAs in blood, peripheral organs, and brains of mice with defective Abcd1. These results support an approach to treating X-ALD that involves a thyromimetic agent that reactivates VLCFA disposal both in the periphery and the CNS.
Flexible and Frozen Sugar-Modified Nucleic Acids - Modulation of Biological Activity Through Furanose Ring Dynamics in the Antisense Strand (2002)

A comparison of carbohydrate modified nucleic acids has identified key structural characteristics in antisense oligonucleotides (AON) that are necessary for sufficient clinical utility, including increased duplex stability towards RNA complements and improved hydrolytic resistance towards general serum and cellular nucleases. As such, the exogenous addition of short, synthetic oligonucleotides can influence cellular RNA metabolism at any or all levels of replication, transcription or translation by tight and specific hybridization with a chosen target and subsequently stop further function at that site. Furthermore, appropriate modification of the sugar residue may prove to be a vital design element in future AONs that operate by promoting enzyme assisted catalytic destruction of the mRNA target. Unfortunately, many of the current AON designs have provided little insight on the particular structural role of the AON towards enzymatic discrimination of the resultant hybrid. The use of RNase H as a cellular vehicle to assist the inhibitory potency of an AON as well as possible ways of enhancing activity in pre-existing antisense candidates are presented. Of the emerging criteria in this aspect, a balance between flexibility and rigidity within the AON appears to be a critical mediator of the RNase H assisted antisense effect. Accordingly, this review describes the conformational features and selected biological attributes of some of the more prominent AON contenders with a focus on the conformational criteria by which ribonuclease H activity is recruited to a particular hybrid target.
12.4: Late‐News Paper: Selectively Enlarging Laser Crystallization Technology for High and Uniform Performance Poly‐Si TFTs (2002)

Abstract A novel method for laser‐recrystallized poly‐Si layer formation is proposed. The pulse‐duration‐controlled solid‐state laser is utilized to enhance the lateral crystal growth, and an excimer‐ laser‐crystallized poly‐Si layer is used as a precursor. The validity of the method is confirmed by superior TFT characteristics of high field‐effect mobility (n‐ch TIT:μ > 460 cm 2 /Vs, p‐ch TFT: μ > 150 cm 2 /Vs) with low threshold voltage deviation (Vth: 3 σ < 0.25 V).
PATIENT ACCEPTANCE OF AUTO-REFRACTOR AND OPTOMETRIST PRESCRIPTIONS: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL (1995)

Bullimore, Mark A. OD, PhD; Adams, Craig W. MS; Fusaro, Robert E. PhD, JD; Bauman, Marcella OD; Cotteral, Russell M. OD; Sarver, Joy Ng OD, MPH; Twelker, Daniel J. OD; Graham, Andrew D. MA Author Information
Mechanisms of ratio fluorescence imaging of diseased tissue (1995)

The in vivo laser induced fluorescence experiments have shown that the intrinsic LIF spectral shape of bronchial dysplasia and carcinoma in situ does not differ significantly from that of normal bronchial tissue. However, the intensity of LIF from diseased tissue is significantly reduced. Comparing the in vivo measurement results and the Monte Carlo modeling based on measured optical properties, we have hypothesized that the factors which cause the fluorescence reduction in diseased tissue may be (i) thicker abnormal epithelium, (ii) slightly higher blood content, and (iii) reduction in the density of the fluorescence source density of submucosa. Based on the above hypothesis, the Monte Carlo simulation code was modified to allow one to model spectrally distorted (when compared to the intrinsic fluorescence spectra) fluorescence collected by an imaging system. The fluorescence images excited by He-Cd laser (442 nm) at three typical wavelengths (500 nm, 577 nm and 630 nm) were analyzed by using Monte Carlo simulations. The results indicated that even if there is not significant difference in spectral shape of intrinsic fluorescence between normal and abnormal bronchial tissue, the ratio of red (630 nm) to green (500 nm) fluorescence image from the modeled normal site is significantly higher than that from modeled abnormal site. And abnormal tissue can be identified by the ratio imaging technique. The major factor causing the increased red/green ratio at abnormal tissue sites is the different tissue optics between normal and abnormal tissue. In the in vivo study, five bronchial carcinoma in situ sites and 17 moderate/sever dysplasia lesions were examined by a ratio fluorescence imaging system through a bronchoscope. The red/green ratios of carcinoma in situ sites and dysplasia sites were found to be 1.85 +/- 0.2 and 1.7 +/- 0.2 higher than that of normal sites. This was consistent with the simulation results.
Planar coil system consisting of three coil pairs for producing a uniform magnetic field (2006)

A planar coil system that produces a uniform field and consists of three coil pairs has been designed and constructed. The design process involves the numerical solution of an equation based on the filamentary coil current and the truncation of the ratio of coil currents. This process makes it possible to realize the ratio by the coils’ number of turns and then modifying the geometrical parameters to make allowances for the practical cross sections of coil conductors. Although design parameters obtained using this process may not be optimum, the uniformity of the calculated magnetic field is satisfactory for most practical situations. The uniformity of the magnetic field was confirmed by constructing a coil system with an outer diameter equal to 1 m. The predicted area of uniformity (less than 0.01% error), for the proposed design, was six times larger than that obtained using a conventional Helmholtz coil of the same diameter.
4D radial contrast‐enhanced MR angiography with sliding subtraction (2007)

A method is presented for high spatial and temporal resolution 3D contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography. The overall technique involves a set of interrelated components suited to high-frame-rate angiography, including 3D cylindrical k-space sampling, angular undersampling, asymmetric sampling, sliding window reconstruction, pseudorandom view ordering, and a sliding subtraction mask. Computer simulations and volunteer studies demonstrated the utility of each component of the technique. Angiograms of one hemisphere of the intracranial vasculature were acquired with a pixel size of 1.1 x 1.1 x 2.8 mm and a frame rate of 0.35 sec based on a temporal resolution of 3.5 sec. Such a 3D time-resolved, or "4D," technique has the potential to noninvasively acquire diagnostic quality images of certain anatomic regions with a frame rate fast enough to not only ensure the capture of an uncontaminated arterial phase, but even demonstrate contrast bolus flow dynamics. Clinical applications include noninvasive imaging of arteriovenous shunting, which is demonstrated with a patient study.
Reply (1994)

Journal Article Reply Get access Robert D. Arbeit, Robert D. Arbeit Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; and Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Robert D. Arbeit, Research Service (l51), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02130. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joel N. Maslow, Joel N. Maslow Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; and Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Maury Ellis Mulligan Maury Ellis Mulligan Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; and Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 18, Issue 6, June 1994, Pages 1018–1019, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/18.6.1018 Published: 01 June 1994
From Metastable Colloidal Crystalline Arrays to Fast Responsive Mechanochromic Photonic Gels: An Organic Gel for Deformation‐Based Display Panels (2014)

An efficient and straightforward method is developed to prepare a mechanochromic photonic gel by fixing the metastable SiO 2 colloidal crystalline array (CCA) in the mixture of ethylene glycol (EG) and poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA) through photopolymerization. Thanks to the recent fabrication of solvent‐wrapped, metastable CCA, a high volume fraction of EG (46%) is introduced to the photonic gel before particle assembly, but not by swelling after polymerization, which leads to a more deformable composite than most reported opal gels. Compared to traditional photonic gels, this opal gel not only has improved mechanochromic sensitivity to weak external force and extended color tuning range from red to blue (Δλ = 150 nm), but also possesses fast and reversible response in millisecond level (20–200 ms), repeatable reflection signals in cycling and fatigue tests, and good resolution in response to localized deformation, which renders it an ideal deformation‐based photonic display screen. A new trigger system is designed to solve the large deformation causing color fading in conventional mechanochromic gels and brilliant red, green, and blue (RGB) pixels can be conveniently manipulated by ‘pushing’ operations.
Modulation of Peripheral Leukocyte Counts and Bone Marrow Function in Mice by Oral Administration of Interleukin-2 (1994)

Interferons alpha, beta, and gamma have been shown to exert systemic effects following their oral administration to mice. It was of importance to determine whether oral administration of another biologic response modifier, interleukin-2 (IL-2), could also exert systemic effects in mice. Two systemic effects, peripheral WBC suppression and bone marrow suppression, were evaluated. Oral administration of IL-2 was found to suppress the peripheral WBC count in a dose-dependent manner. Oral administration of IL-2 was also found to suppress the bone marrow proliferative activity. The levels of suppression of both peripheral WBC and myelopoietic progenitor cell numbers observed with orally administered IL-2 were comparable to those seen with subcutaneously administered IL-2. The results demonstrate that orally administered IL-2 can exert systemic effects. Further, the results raise the possibility that oral administration of IL-2 may have therapeutic potential.
Multimode fiber optic sensors (1990)

A theoretical approach useful in the design of multimode optical fiber sensors is described. An intensity distribution function is derived when assuming that a multimode optical fiber is illuminated by a light source that can be approximated by infinite uniangular beams carrying equal power. The analysis is carried out further to predict sensor response, detection threshold, and dynamic range. Several experiments are discussed to verify the validity of the intensity function as an accurate model in realistic sensor design. In particular, the model is applied to the evaluation of optical fiber lever sensors, such as the optical fiber microphone and underwater acoustic transducers.
Industrial applications of surfactants II : the proceedings of a symposium organized by the North West Region of the Industrial Division of the Royal Society of Chemistry, University of Salford, 19-20th April 1989 (1987)

Part 1 Innovation: innovative approaches to surfactant development, D.R.Karsa biosurfactants - an overview, I.D.Robb formation and commercial applications of organic ultrathin films, J.H.Harwell and E.A.O'Rear polymeric surfactants - properties and applications, G.Bognolo. Part 2 Anionic surfactants: ether carboxylates for industrial and institutional applications, E.Stroink trends in the application of sulphosuccinate surfactants, J.A.Milne industrial applications of surfactants derived fron naphthalene, T.Mizunuma et al preparation and industrial application of phosphate esters, S.L.Paul. Part 3 Nonionic surfactants: the preparation and applications of alkanolamides and their derivatives, B.Shelmerdine et al acetylenic glycols and derivatives, H.P.Kleintjes and J.Schwartz. Part 4 Cationic and amphoteric surfactants: quaternary salts and phase transfer catalysts, C.M.Starks an overview of the biocidal activity of cationics and amphoterics, B.Davis and P.Jordan amine oxides and their applications, H.Rorig and R.Stephan optimization of the performance of quarternary ammonium compounds, R.A.Stephenson. Part 5 Applications: surfactants for agrochemical formulation, P.J.Mulqueen factors affecting the activation of foliar uptake of agrochemicals by surfactants, P.J.Holloway and D.Stock cationic surfactants in roads construction and repair, A.D.James and D.Stewart surfactants in the paper and board industry, R.A.Morland and N.Morgan use of surfactants in mineral flotation, F.J.Kenny.
Load Characterization and Anomaly Detection for Voice Over IP Traffic (2005)

We consider the problem of traffic anomaly detection in IP networks. Traffic anomalies typically arise when there is focused overload or when a network element fails and it is desired to infer these purely from the measured traffic. We derive new general formulae for the variance of the cumulative traffic over a fixed time interval and show how the derived analytical expression simplifies for the case of voice over IP traffic, the focus of this paper. To detect load anomalies, we show it is sufficient to consider cumulative traffic over relatively long intervals such as 5 min. We also propose simple anomaly detection tests including detection of over/underload. This approach substantially extends the current practice in IP network management where only the first-order statistics and fixed thresholds are used to identify abnormal behavior. We conclude with the application of the scheme to field data from an operational network.
ProActive Access Control for Business Process-Driven Environments (2008)

Users expect that systems react instantly. This is specifically the case for user-centric workflows in business process-driven environments. In today's enterprise systems most actions executed by a user have to be checked against the system's access control policy and require a call to the access control component. Hence, improving the performance of access control decisions will improve the overall performance experienced by the end user significantly. In this paper we propose a caching strategy which pre-computes caching entries by exploiting the fact that the executions of business processes are based on the execution of actions in a predefined order. We propose an accompanying architecture and present the results of our conducted benchmark.
Positional reactivity of dibenzofuran in electrophilic substitutions (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPositional reactivity of dibenzofuran in electrophilic substitutionsTakashi Keumi, Naoto Tomioka, Kozo Hamanaka, Hirohito Kakihara, Toshio Morita, Hidehiko Kitajima, and Masahiko FukushimaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 15, 4671–4677Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00015a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00015a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views554Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Video Streaming in Online Learning (2006)

The use of video in teaching and learning is a common practice in education today. As learning online becomes more of a common practice in education, streaming video and audio will play a bigger role in delivering course materials to online learners. This form of technology brings courses alive by allowing online learners to use their visual and auditory senses to learn complex concepts and difficult procedures. This article offers an overview of using stream-ing video in the online educational environment and discusses the various formats of streaming media. The various hardware and software programs used to create streaming video are also examined along with the advantages and drawbacks of using streaming video in online instruc-tion. Finally, a discussion of how streaming video can be used in online instruction and its curricular applications are addressed. Instructional tools for delivering materials to learners have improved since the conception of the Internet and World Wide Web (WWW or Web). Learners today have increasing access to instructional materials that have been traditionally distributed in the classroom. Materials such as lecture notes, communication tools, assignments, visual graphics, and so forth, are now easily obtainable through the Internet. In addition, the Internet can provide media-rich environments such as digital video (Garrison, 2001). Hartsell, T., &amp; Yuen, S. (2006). Video streaming in online learning. AACE
Plasmonic nanomeshes: their ambivalent role as transparent electrodes in organic solar cells (2017)

In this contribution, the optical losses and gains attributed to periodic nanohole array electrodes in polymer solar cells are systematically studied. For this, thin gold nanomeshes with hexagonally ordered holes and periodicities (P) ranging from 202 nm to 2560 nm are prepared by colloidal lithography. In combination with two different active layer materials (P3HT:PC<sub>61</sub>BM and PTB7:PC<sub>71</sub>BM), the optical properties are correlated with the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the solar cells. A cavity mode is identified at the absorption edge of the active layer material. The resonance wavelength of this cavity mode is hardly defined by the nanomesh periodicity but rather by the absorption of the photoactive layer. This constitutes a fundamental dilemma when using nanomeshes as ITO replacement. The highest plasmonic enhancement requires small periodicities. This is accompanied by an overall low transmittance and high parasitic absorption losses. Consequently, larger periodicities with a less efficient cavity mode, yet lower absorptive losses were found to yield the highest PCE. Nevertheless, ITO-free solar cells reaching ~77% PCE compared to ITO reference devices are fabricated. Concomitantly, the benefits and drawbacks of this transparent nanomesh electrode are identified, which is of high relevance for future ITO replacement strategies.
Selected Papers from the 2011 International Conference on Reconfigurable Computing and FPGAs (ReConFig 2011) (2013)

1 Reconfigurable Computing Group, Computer Science Department, National Institute for Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics, 72840 Puebla, PUE, Mexico 2Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech Configurable Computing Laboratory, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA 3 Institute for Information Processing Technology (ITIV), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany