gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel CDN Testbed for Fast Deploying HTTP Adaptive Video Streaming (2016)

Multimedia service providers are widely using HTTP adaptive streaming technology over Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) in Internet. Content distribution in network congestion situations and request redirection are the common challenges facing CDNs performance in delivering multimedia content to end-users. In this paper a CDN testbed is designed that consist of two mechanisms in order to fast deliver the segmentation of adaptive video streaming and redirect clients request to appropriate surrogate servers that hold copy of replica video content. Evaluation results prove the efficiency of the designed testbed according to vary bandwidth, delay and packet loss. The candidate application layer protocol to push proactively media segments to surrogate servers is faster than others and the clients redirection to appropriate surrogate servers based on the performance of server load and network congestion provides better experience to end-users.
Improved addition for the logarithmic number system (1989)

The logarithmic number system (LNS), which offers a wide dynamic range with an independently choosable signal-to-noise ratio, is discussed. To realize addition, voluminous lookup tables are needed. A method is proposed to reduce the storage requirements of these tables by means of Chebyshev approximation with unequally spaced partition points.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of metabolic blockade on intracellular calcium concentration in isolated ferret ventricular muscle. (1988)

Tension and intracellular free calcium concentration [( Ca2+]i) were measured in isolated ferret papillary muscles. When both anaerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation were prevented (metabolic blockade), there was a rapid decline of both developed tension and systolic [Ca2+]i signals. Subsequently, resting tension increased, and after a further delay, resting [Ca2+]i also rose. When oxidative metabolism was restarted after a period of metabolic blockade that was sufficient to elevate both resting tension and [Ca2+]i, a variable recovery of mechanical function occurred. In preparations that showed recovery, resting tension declined toward control level, and there was considerable recovery of developed tension. [Ca2+]i initially fell, but it then rose to a level similar to that at the end of the preceding period of metabolic blockade and exhibited large variations in amplitude with frequency components in the range 0.2-1 Hz. This elevated [Ca2+]i gradually declined. Arrhythmias were often present during this recovery period and appeared to be triggered by the spontaneous increases in [Ca2+]i. In preparations that failed to recover, resting tension remained elevated or increased, and developed tension showed little recovery. Such preparations showed larger rises in [Ca2+]i both during and after metabolic blockade, and [Ca2+]i continued to rise when oxidative metabolism was restarted. In experiments in which Na-Ca exchange was inhibited (by replacement of sodium by lithium or by the application of nickel), the rise of [Ca2+]i when oxidative metabolism was restarted was reduced, but recovery of mechanical function was improved. The correlation between elevated [Ca2+]i on reactivation of oxidative metabolism and failure of recovery of mechanical function suggests that elevated [Ca2+]i has a direct role in preventing the recovery of mechanical function.
The byzantine empire in the intercloud (2010)

The relevance of Byzantine fault tolerance in the context of cloud computing has been questioned [3]. While arguments against Byzantine fault tolerance seemingly makes sense in the context of a single cloud, i.e., a large-scale cloud infrastructure that resides under control of a single, typically commercial provider, these arguments are less obvious in a broader context of the Intercloud, i.e., a cloud of multiple, independent clouds. In this paper, we start from commonly acknowledged issues that impede the adoption of Byzantine fault tolerance within a single cloud, and argue that many of these issues fade when Byzantine fault tolerance in the Intercloud is considered.
Electrical Impedance of the Human Body (1968)

Abstract : The object of this report is to establish the theoretical range of radio frequency impedance of the human body in the 1 - 30 MHz range. The report defines whole body rf impedance, summarized available specific tissue impedance data, and predicts likely values of total body impedance for various electrode sizes and locations from known specific tissue data and skin impedance. The report also discusses the relation of body impedance to electrode impedance, skin impedance and specific body impedance.
Ferrofluid Field Induced Flow for Microfluidic Applications (2005)

Exposing a column of ferrofluid to coincident magnetic and thermal fields produces a pressure gradient in the magnetic fluid. As the column of ferrofluid heats up, it loses its attraction to the magnetic field and is displaced by cooler fluid. Subsequently, it is possible to generate a ferrofluid pump with no moving mechanical parts. Until recently, limitations in the magnetic and thermal properties of conventional materials severely limited operating pressures. Advancements in the design and synthesis of metal substituted magnetite enable fine control over both the magnetic and thermal properties of magnetic nanoparticles, a key element in ferrofluids. This manuscript covers three recent contributions to the design of ferrofluid pumps. First, we introduce a new approach to the synthesis of metal substituted magnetite nanoparticles based on thermophilic metal-reducing bacteria. Next, we extend the previous work in the modeling of the ferrofluid pumps to include the coupling between each of the three fundamental domains: magnetic, thermal and fluid dynamic. We validate these models with a comparison between experimental results and a multidomain finite element model. Our results show a good match between the model and experiment as well as approximately an order of magnitude increase in the fluid flow rate over conventional magnetite based ferrofluids operating below 80/spl deg/C. Finally, as a practical demonstration, we describe a novel application of this technology: pumping fluids at the microfluidic scale.
Transacylation of lyso platelet-activating factor and other lysophospholipids by macrophage microsomes. Distinct donor and acceptor selectivities. (1987)

Rabbit alveolar macrophage microsomes were found to acylate 1-[3H]alkyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine (GPC) (lyso platelet-activating factor) in the absence of any cofactors, indicating the presence of transacylation activity. The transacylation activity was comparable to the activity of acyl-CoA:1-alkyl-GPC acyltransferase. The fatty acyl moieties introduced into 1-[3H]alkyl-GPC from membrane lipids by microsomes were mainly 20:4 (n-6). A very similar acylation profile was observed for the acylation of 1-[3H]alkyl-GPC in intact macrophages, suggesting that the CoA-independent transacylation system plays a very important part in the acylation of 1-[3H]alkyl-GPC in cells. We also confirmed that 14C-labeled 20:4(n-6), 20:5(n-3), 22:4(n-6), and 22:6(n-3) were transferred well from diacyl-GPC to 1-alkyl-GPC in a CoA-independent manner. The transfer rates for 16:0, 18:0, and 18:1 from diacyl-GPC to 1-alkyl-GPC were very low in the presence and absence of CoA. On the other hand, the transfer of 20:4 from diacyl-GPE or diacyl-GPI to 1-alkyl-GPC or 1-acyl-GPC was markedly increased by the addition of CoA. The above results indicate that the transacylation system exhibits distinct donor and acceptor selectivities and CoA dependency. These transacylation reactions could be very important in the regulation of the levels and the availability of lysophospholipids, including lyso platelet-activating factor, and C20 and C22 polyunsaturated fatty acids in living cells.
Acetyl-lysine Analog Peptides as Mechanistic Probes of Protein Deacetylases (2007)

Class III histone deacetylases (Sir2 or sirtuins) catalyze the NAD+-dependent conversion of acetyl-lysine residues to nicotinamide, 2'-O-acetyl-ADP-ribose (OAADPr), and deacetylated lysine. Class I and II HDACs utilize a different deacetylation mechanism, utilizing an active site zinc to direct hydrolysis of acetyl-lysine residues to lysine and acetate. Here, using ten acetyl-lysine analog peptides, we have probed the substrate binding pockets of sirtuins and investigated the catalytic differences among sirtuins and class I and II deacetylases. For the sirtuin Hst2, acetyl-lysine analog peptide binding correlated with the hydrophobic substituent parameter pi with a slope of -0.35 from a plot of log Kd versus pi. Interestingly, propionyl- and butyryl-lysine peptides were found to bind tighter to Hst2 compared with acetyl-lysine peptide and showed measurable rates of catalysis with Hst2, Sirt1, Sirt2, and Sirt3, suggesting propionyl- and butyryl-lysine proteins may be sirtuin substrates in vivo. Unique among the acetyl-lysine analog peptides examined, homocitrulline peptide produced ADP-ribose instead of the corresponding OAADPr analog. The electron-withdrawing nature of each acetyl analog had a profound impact on the deacylation rate between deacetylase classes. The rate of catalysis with the acetyl-lysine analog peptides varied over five orders of magnitude with the class III deacetylase Hst2, revealing a linear free energy relationship with a slope of -1.57 when plotted versus the Taft constant, sigma*. HDAC8, a class I deacetylase, displayed the opposite trend with a slope of +0.79. These results are applicable toward the development of selective substrates and other mechanistic probes of protein deacetylases.
Surface Functionalization of Titanium with Carboxymethyl Chitosan and Immobilized Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 for Enhanced Osseointegration (2009)

Orthopedic implant failure has been attributed mainly to loosening of the implant from host bone, which may be due to poor bonding of the implant material to bone tissue, as well as to bacterial infection. One promising strategy to enhance tissue integration is to develop a selective biointeractive surface that simultaneously enhances bone cell function while decreasing bacterial adhesion. In this in vitro study, the surfaces of titanium alloy substrates were functionalized by first covalently grafting carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), followed by the conjugation of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) to the CMCS-grafted surface. Bacterial adhesion on the substrates was assayed with Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis . Cell functions were investigated using osteoblasts and human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. The results showed that bacterial adhesion on both the CMCS and CMCS-BMP-2 functionalized surfaces was significantly reduced compared to that on the pristine substrates. In addition, the CMCS-BMP-2 modified substrates significantly promoted attachment, alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium mineral deposition of both osteoblast and human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. The achievement of the dual functions of bacterial adhesion reduction and cell function promotion by the CMCS-BMP-2 modified titanium substrates illustrates the good potential of such surfaces for enhancement of tissue integration and implant longevity.
Establishment of in vitro binding assay of high mobility group box-1 and S100A12 to receptor for advanced glycation endproducts: heparin's effect on binding. (2009)

Interaction between the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and its ligands has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory disorders. In this study, we establish an in vitro binding assay in which recombinant human high-mobility group box 1 (rhHMGB1) or recombinant human S100A12 (rhS100A12) immobilized on the microplate binds to recombinant soluble RAGE (rsRAGE). The rsRAGE binding to both rhHMGB1 and rhS100A12 was saturable and dependent on the immobilized ligands. The binding of rsRAGE to rhS100A12 depended on Ca2+ and Zn2+, whereas that to rhHMGB1 was not. Scatchard plot analysis showed that rsRAGE had higher affinity for rhHMGB1 than for rhS100A12. rsRAGE was demonstrated to bind to heparin, and rhS100A12, in the presence of Ca2+, was also found to bind to heparin. We examined the effects of heparin preparations with different molecular sizes - unfractionated native heparin (UFH), low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) 5000Da, and LMWH 3000Da - on the binding of rsRAGE to rhHMGB1 and rhS100A12. All 3 preparations concentration-dependently inhibited the binding of rsRAGE to rhHMGB1 to a greater extent than did rhS100A12. These results suggested that heparin's anti-inflammatory effects can be partly explained by its blocking of the interaction between HMGB1 or S100A12 and RAGE. On the other hand, heparin would be a promising effective remedy against RAGE-related inflammatory disorders.
Antimicrobial Resistance in <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolates from Swine and Wild Small Mammals in the Proximity of Swine Farms and in Natural Environments in Ontario, Canada (2008)

Wild animals not normally exposed to antimicrobial agents can acquire antimicrobial agent-resistant bacteria through contact with humans and domestic animals and through the environment. In this study we assessed the frequency of antimicrobial resistance in generic Escherichia coli isolates from wild small mammals (mice, voles, and shrews) and the effect of their habitat (farm or natural area) on antimicrobial resistance. Additionally, we compared the types and frequency of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli isolates from swine on the same farms from which wild small mammals were collected. Animals residing in the vicinity of farms were five times more likely to carry E. coli isolates with tetracycline resistance determinants than animals living in natural areas; resistance to tetracycline was also the most frequently observed resistance in isolates recovered from swine (83%). Our results suggest that E. coli isolates from wild small mammals living on farms have higher rates of resistance and are more frequently multiresistant than E. coli isolates from environments, such as natural areas, that are less impacted by human and agricultural activities. No Salmonella isolates were recovered from any of the wild small mammal feces. This study suggests that close proximity to food animal agriculture increases the likelihood that E. coli isolates from wild animals are resistant to some antimicrobials, possibly due to exposure to resistant E. coli isolates from livestock, to the resistance genes of these isolates, or to antimicrobials through contact with animal feed.
Socioeconomic burden of subsyndromal depressive symptoms and major depression in a sample of the general population (1996)

Significantly more people with subsyndromal depressive symptoms or major depression reported impairment in eight of 10 functional domains than did subjects with no disorder. The high 1-year prevalence of subsyndromal depressive symptoms, combined with the associated functional impairment, emphasizes the clinical and public health importance and need for additional investigations into these symptoms.
Comparison of ML8-X10 (a prototype oil-in-water micro-emulsion based on a novel free fatty acid), taurolidine/citrate/heparin and vancomycin/heparin antimicrobial lock solutions in the eradication of biofilm-producing staphylococci from central venous catheters (2014)

In our in vitro catheter lock model, the novel free fatty acid emulsion demonstrated activity against biofilm-forming staphylococci similar to or greater than that of vancomycin lock solution. Taurolidine was the most active lock solution at 8 and 24 h, with all lock solutions tested demonstrating high activity at 72 h.
Worm detection using intelligent agents (2010)

Worm detection and defense is still a critical mission for worm researchers. This paper presents an architecture for active detection and defense against the internet worms based on multi and mobile agents. This Paper depends on the cooporation between the agents to achieve zero day worms' detection in addition to detecting the well known worms. The results show that the used approach based on the proposed architecture can detect worm propagation in an infection rate less than 0.18 % of vulnerable nodes.
Selective binding of mouse estradiol.receptor complexes to oligo(dT)-cellulose (1978)

As a model for the nonspecific interaction of steroid receptors with DNA, the binding of estradiol.receptor complexes of mouse kidney and uterine cytosols to oligo(dT)-cellulose was studied in detail. A limited concentration range of monovalent cationic salts was required for optimal binding, regardless of prior activation of the receptor complexes or the oligomer ligand. Thermal activation of the receptor complexes did not facilitate binding. The reaction was selective for intracellular steroid hormone.receptor complexes, as extracellular proteins binding estradiol with low affinity (bovine serum albumin) or high affinity (mouse alpha-fetoprotein) were inactive. Both crude and partially purified kidney cytosol receptor complexes bound preferentially to oligo(dT)- and oligo(dC)-celluloses, rather than oligo(dA)-celluloses. These findings suggest that at least part of the nonspecific interaction of estradiol.receptor complexes with native DNA is through a salt-sensitive binding of the complex to pyrimidine-rich surfaces of the DNA.
Magnetic Recording Tapes (1948)

Paper or plastic tapes with a magnetic coating, as well as solid metal ribbons, have a wide field of use in magnetic recording. Magnetic properties, frequency response, signal-to-nioise ratio, output level, sensitivity, and erasability of a number of different tapes are compared. A newly developed coated material has a balance of these properties which makes it especially suitable for high quality magnetic recording.
Influence of Defects on the Photocatalytic Activity of ZnO (2014)

The influence of defects on the photoactivity of ZnO has been revealed. The defects can be formed via ball-milling treatment, and part of the defects can be repaired via annealing treatment. The photocatalytic activity of the ZnO sharply decreased as the ball-milling speed and milling time increased. After the annealing treatment, the photocatalytic activity recovered partly but could not return to the activity of the pristine ZnO. The bulk defects such as oxygen vacancies (VO), zinc vacancies (VZn) and a lot of nonradiative defects were formed after the milling treatment. The annealing treatment can only repair part of the bulk defects and nonradiative defects. Thus, only part of the photoactivity was recovered. The species trapping experiments showed that the introduction of the bulk defects did not change the photocatalytic mechanism. The main oxidative species for the pristine ZnO, the milled ZnO, and the annealed ZnO are photogenerated holes and hydroxyl radicals.
Interactive augmented reality techniques for construction at a distance of 3D geometry (2003)

This paper presents a series of new augmented reality user interaction techniques to support the capture and creation of 3D geometry of large outdoor structures, part of an overall concept we have named construction at a distance. We use information about the user's physical presence, along with hand and head gestures, to allow the user to capture and create the geometry of objects that are orders of magnitude larger than themselves, with no prior information or assistance. Using augmented reality and these new techniques, users can enter geometry and verify its accuracy in real time. This paper includes a number of examples showing objects that have been modelled in the physical world, demonstrating the usefulness of the techniques.
REVIEW ARTICLE: Cortical control of eye and head movements: integration of movements and percepts (2007)

The cortical control of eye movements is well known. It remains unclear, however, as to how the eye fields of the frontal lobes generate and coordinate eye and head movements. Here, we review the recent advances in electrical stimulation studies and evaluate relevant models. As electrical stimulation is conducted in head-unrestrained, behaving subjects with the evoked eye and head movements sometimes being indistinguishable from natural gaze shifts, a pertinent question becomes whether these movements are evoked by motor programs or sensory percepts. Recent stimulation studies in the visual cortex and the eye fields of the frontal lobes have begun to bring both possibilities to light. In addition, cognitive variables often interact with behavioral states that can affect movements evoked by stimulation. Identifying and controlling these variables are critical to our understanding of experimental results based on electrically evoked movements. This understanding is needed before one can draw inferences from such results to elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying natural and complex movements.
Hybridization of an aircraft emergency electrical network: Experimentation and benefits validation (2010)

This paper proposes a structure and two strategies for hybridization of a RAT (Ram Air Turbine) with supercapacitor storage. The structure consists in coupling a High Voltage DC (HVDC) source (RAT) with a low voltage storage device through a specific topology of bidirectional DC-DC static converter. The energy management strategies consists in entrusting the storage with the “high frequency” harmonics of the load power while the RAT only produces the average power: the RAT sizing and its mass can then be reduced. Lab test bench architecture, control strategy, topology of the converter and experimental results are presented in this paper.
Effect of bitshift distribution on error rate in magnetic recording (1979)

A formalism is presented which relates the intrinsic error rate of a digital recording channel to measurable channel parameters: interpulse interactions and signal-to-noise ratio. Experimental data is provided to support the theoretical model. Implementation of the formalism allows clear identification of recording channel limitations and provides a method for determining the most reliable use of the channel.