gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Emission properties of a dual ion/electron source based on Au–In alloy (2002)

A very stable dual ion/electron emitter based on a tungsten tip coated with Au–In alloy has been fabricated. When melted, the alloy is used as a liquid metal ion source; after being solidified under a prescribed ion emission condition, it is used as a cold field electron emitter. Compared to the first dual ion/electron source made of In-coated tungsten tip, the Au–In source exhibits much enhanced electron emission stability and maintains a point-like electron emitter to a much higher emission current. With its stable ion/electron emission properties as well as good electron emission brightness (∼2×108 A/sr⋅cm2), the Au–In dual emitter is a potential source for a single-column-focused ion/electron beam system.
Th17 Cells and the IL-23/IL-17 Axis in the Pathogenesis of Periodontitis and Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases (2019)

Innate immunity represents the semi-specific first line of defense and provides the initial host response to tissue injury, trauma, and pathogens. Innate immunity activates the adaptive immunity, and both act highly regulated together to establish and maintain tissue homeostasis. Any dysregulation of this interaction can result in chronic inflammation and autoimmunity and is thought to be a major underlying cause in the initiation and progression of highly prevalent immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases among others, and periodontitis. Th1 and Th2 cells of the adaptive immune system are the major players in the pathogenesis of IMIDs. In addition, Th17 cells, their key cytokine IL-17, and IL-23 seem to play pivotal roles. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge about the differentiation of Th17 cells and the role of the IL-17/IL-23 axis in the pathogenesis of IMIDs. Moreover, it aims to review the association of these IMIDs with periodontitis and briefly discusses the therapeutic potential of agents that modulate the IL-17/IL-23 axis.
Multi-PRI Signal Processing for the Terminal Doppler Weather Radar. Part I: Clutter Filtering (2005)

Abstract Multiple pulse repetition interval (multi-PRI) transmission is part of an adaptive signal transmission and processing algorithm being developed to aggressively combat range–velocity ambiguity in weather radars. In the past, operational use of multi-PRI pulse trains has been hampered due to the difficulty in clutter filtering. This paper presents finite impulse response clutter filter designs for multi-PRI signals with excellent magnitude and phase responses. These filters provide strong suppression for use on low-elevation scans and yield low biases of velocity estimates so that accurate velocity dealiasing is possible. Specifically, the filters are designed for use in the Terminal Doppler Weather Radar (TDWR) and are shown to meet base data bias requirements equivalent to the Federal Aviation Administration’s specifications for the current TDWR clutter filters. Also an adaptive filter selection algorithm is proposed that bases its decision on clutter power estimated during an initial long-PRI surveillance scan. Simulations show that this adaptive algorithm yields satisfactory biases for reflectivity, velocity, and spectral width. Implementation of such a scheme would enable automatic elimination of anomalous propagation signals and constant adjustment to evolving ground clutter conditions, an improvement over the current TDWR clutter filtering system.
Beat frequency generation up to 3.4 THz from simultaneoustwo-mode lasing operation of sampled-grating DBR laser (1999)

Simultaneous two-mode lasing operation for 0.56 – 3.4 THz beat signal generation is achieved from a single sampled-grating DBR laser by simply controlling the bias current. A high autocorrelation modulation depth and > 30 dB suppression of the other cavity modes is demonstrated.
Reversible SO<sub>2</sub> Uptake by Tetraalkylammonium Halides: Energetics and Structural Aspects of Adduct Formation Between SO<sub>2</sub> and Halide Ions (2012)

Abstract Contact with SO 2 causes almost immediate dissolution of tetraalkylammonium halides, R 4 N X , ( R = CH 3 (Me), X = I; R = C 2 H 5 (Et), X = Cl, Br, I; R = C 4 H 9 ( n Bu), X = Cl, Br), with the formation of an adduct, [ R 4 N] + [(SO 2 ) n X ] – ( n = 1–4). Vapor pressure measurements indicate the proclivity for SO 2 uptake follows the order N(CH 3 ) 4 + < N(C 2 H 5 ) 4 + < N(C 4 H 9 ) 4 + . This trend is in accord with the Jenkins–Passmore volume‐based thermodynamic model. Born–Haber cycles, incorporating the lattice energy and gas phase energy terms, are used to evaluate the energetic feasibility of reactions. Density functional theory calculations (B3PW91; 6‐311+G(3df)) have been used to calculate the energetics of (SO 2 ) n X – ( X = Cl and Br) anions in the gas phase. The experimental studies show that tetraalkylammonium halides are feasible sorbents for SO 2 . In order to correlate the theoretical model, experimental enthalpy, Δ r H° and entropy, Δ r S° changes have been determined by the van't Hoff method for the binding of one SO 2 molecule to (C 2 H 5 ) 4 NCl, resulting in the liquid adduct (C 2 H 5 ) 4 NCl · SO 2 . The structure of the analogous 1:1 bromide adduct, (C 2 H 5 ) 4 NBr · SO 2 , has been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (monoclinic, P 2 1 / c , a = 9.1409(14) Å, b = 12.3790(19) Å, c = 11.3851(17) Å, β = 107.952(2)°, V = 1225.6(3) Å 3 ). The structure consists of discrete alkylammonium cations, bromide anions and SO 2 molecules with short contacts between the anion and SO 2 molecules. The (C 2 H 5 ) 4 N + cationadopts a transoid conformation with D 2 d symmetry, and represents a rare example of a well‐ordered (C 2 H 5 ) 4 N + cation in a crystal structure. The Br – anions and SO 2 molecules forms a chain, (SO 2 Br – ) n , with bifurcated contacts. Non‐bonding electron pairs on the halide anions engage in electrostatic interactions with the sulfur atoms and charge‐transfer interactions with the antibonding S–O orbitals of the bound SO 2 moiety. Raman and 17 O NMR spectra provide compelling evidence for a charge‐transfer interaction between SO 2 molecules and the halide ions.
Decreased photoreceptor count in human eyes with secondary angle-closure glaucoma. (1992)

Glaucoma has been known to be associated with a loss of retinal ganglion cells and their axons throughout the fundus and a decreased count of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in the parapapillary region. This study investigated whether glaucomatous changes of the deep retinal layer occur outside the parapapillary region. The nuclei of the retinal photoreceptors and RPE cells were counted in histologic slides of 23 eyes with painful secondary angle-closure glaucoma resulting from perforating corneal injuries. Fourteen eyes with malignant choroidal melanoma not involving the ciliary body or trabecular meshwork served as the control group. No surgical procedure, including laser treatment, had been performed posterior to the ora serrata. There were no hints of retinal vessel occlusion and localized traumatic retinopathy, historically, ophthalmoscopically, or histologically. Photoreceptor count was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in the glaucoma eyes than in the control group. Count of RPE cells did not differ between the two groups. This may indicate that glaucoma can be associated with a loss of photoreceptors. This could be important for psychophysical testing and may point to a more widespread involvement of ocular tissues in glaucoma than believed.
Feasibility study on the inductive fault current limiting cable (2013)

Fault current limiting (FCL) cable is a kind of superconducting cable which has a function of limiting the fault current at the fault of power grid. The superconducting cable detours the fault current through its stabilizer to keep the temperature as low as possible. On the other hands, the FCL cable permits the temperature rise within some acceptable limit and the fault current is limited by the consequent increase of the resistance of superconducting cable. This kind of FCL cable is called 'resistive FCL cable' because it uses resistive impedance to limit the fault current. In this paper, we suggest a novel concept of FCL cable, which is named as 'inductive FCL cable'. The inductive FCL cable is similar as the magnetic shielding fault current limiter in its operating mechanism. The magnetic field of superconducting cable is almost perfectly shielded by the induced current at the shielding layer during its normal operation. However, at the fault condition, quench occurs at the shielding layer by the induced current higher than its critical current and the magnetic field is spread out of the shielding layer. It will induce additional inductive impedance to the superconducting cable and the inductive impedance can be increased more by installing some material with high magnetic susceptibility around the superconducting cable. We examined the feasibility of inductive FCL cable with simple elemental experiments. The current limiting performance of inductive FCL cable was estimated considering an arbitrary power grid and its fault condition.
Neural Networks and Static Modelling (2012)

Neural networks are model-less approximators, meaning they are capable of modelling regardless of any knowledge of the nature of the modelled system. For classical approximation techniques, it is often necessary to know the basic mathematical model of the approximated problem. Least square approximation (regression models), for example, searches for the best fit of the given data to the known function which represents the model.
Characteristic of Carbonation Reaction from Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Bottom Ash as a Function of Water Content and their Effect on the Stabilization of Copper and Lead (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Effect of ?-tocopherol, taurine and selenium on the attenuation of ischemia/reperfusion injury of splanchnic organs (1998)

Pretreatment with selenium of splanchnic ischemia and reperfusion in the rat improves mean arterial blood pressure and microcirculatory visceral perfusion. Further analysis of the precise protective mechanism of selenium for reperfusion injury will enable visceral organs to withstand the consequences of increased capillary leakage and oxidant injury.
Plastics and Health Risks (2010)

By 2010, the worldwide annual production of plastics will surpass 300 million tons. Plastics are indispensable materials in modern society, and many products manufactured from plastics are a boon to public health (e.g., disposable syringes, intravenous bags). However, plastics also pose health risks. Of principal concern are endocrine-disrupting properties, as triggered for example by bisphenol A and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Opinions on the safety of plastics vary widely, and despite more than five decades of research, scientific consensus on product safety is still elusive. This literature review summarizes information from more than 120 peer-reviewed publications on health effects of plastics and plasticizers in lab animals and humans. It examines problematic exposures of susceptible populations and also briefly summarizes adverse environmental impacts from plastic pollution. Ongoing efforts to steer human society toward resource conservation and sustainable consumption are discussed, including the concept of the 5 Rs--i.e., reduce, reuse, recycle, rethink, restrain--for minimizing pre- and postnatal exposures to potentially harmful components of plastics.
Electrostatic and van der Waals Contributions to Protein Adsorption: Comparison of Theory and Experiment (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrostatic and van der Waals Contributions to Protein Adsorption: Comparison of Theory and ExperimentCharles M. Roth and Abraham M. LenhoffCite this: Langmuir 1995, 11, 9, 3500–3509Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00009a036https://doi.org/10.1021/la00009a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views987Altmetric-Citations145LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Selecting instruments for Mendelian randomization in the wake of genome-wide association studies (2016)

Mendelian randomization (MR) studies typically assess the pathogenic relevance of environmental exposures or disease biomarkers, using genetic variants that instrument these exposures. The approach is gaining popularity-our systematic review reveals a greater than 10-fold increase in MR studies published between 2004 and 2015. When the MR paradigm was first proposed, few biomarker- or exposure-related genetic variants were known, most having been identified by candidate gene studies. However, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are now providing a rich source of potential instruments for MR analysis. Many early reviews covering the concept, applications and analytical aspects of the MR technique preceded the surge in GWAS, and thus the question of how best to select instruments for MR studies from the now extensive pool of available variants has received insufficient attention. Here we focus on the most common category of MR studies-those concerning disease biomarkers. We consider how the selection of instruments for MR analysis from GWAS requires consideration of: the assumptions underlying the MR approach; the biology of the biomarker; the genome-wide distribution, frequency and effect size of biomarker-associated variants (the genetic architecture); and the specificity of the genetic associations. Based on this, we develop guidance that may help investigators to plan and readers interpret MR studies.
Automatic aesthetic quality assessment of photographic images using deep convolutional neural network (2016)

Aesthetics can be defined as the study of various emotions related to the sense of beauty. Nowadays there is a fast growth in the use of digital images which is used for representing information. With the increase in the number of photos, it has become complicated to evaluate its quality. Image aesthetic evaluation methods depends on many aesthetic features. People give more attention to the photos which are visually satisfying. Evaluation of aesthetic quality is a challenging task which require knowledge about aesthetic features. Some low level features like contrast, sharpness, colorfulness etc are used to calculate aesthetic score of an image. This paper present a system for automatic aesthetic quality assessment of photographic images using deep convolutional neural network.
Single-Injection Depot Progesterone Before Surgery and Survival in Women With Operable Breast Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2011)

A single injection of hydroxyprogesterone before surgery did not improve outcomes in all women with OBC. This intervention showed significant improvement in node-positive women that may be considered hypothesis generating. If replicated in other studies, this could be a simple and inexpensive intervention, especially in developing countries where the incidence of lymph node metastasis is high.
Interactions of TolB with the Translocation Domain of Colicin E9 Require an Extended TolB Box (2005)

The mechanism by which enzymatic E colicins such as colicin E3 (ColE3) and ColE9 cross the outer membrane, periplasm, and cytoplasmic membrane to reach the cytoplasm and thus kill Escherichia coli cells is unique in prokaryotic biology but is poorly understood. This requires an interaction between TolB in the periplasm and three essential residues, D35, S37, and W39, of a pentapeptide sequence called the TolB box located in the N-terminal translocation domain of the enzymatic E colicins. Here we used site-directed mutagenesis to demonstrate that the TolB box sequence in ColE9 is actually larger than the pentapeptide and extends from residues 34 to 46. The affinity of the TolB box mutants for TolB was determined by surface plasmon resonance to confirm that the loss of biological activity in all except one (N44A) of the extended TolB box mutants correlates with a reduced affinity of binding to TolB. We used a PCR mutagenesis protocol to isolate residues that restored activity to the inactive ColE9 D35A, S37A, and W39A mutants. A serine residue at position 35, a threonine residue at position 37, and phenylalanine or tyrosine residues at position 39 restored biological activity of the mutant ColE9. The average area predicted to be buried upon folding (AABUF) was correlated with the activity of the variants at positions 35, 37, and 39 of the TolB box. All active variants had AABUF profiles that were similar to the wild-type residues at those positions and provided information on the size, stereochemistry, and potential folding pattern of the residues of the TolB Box.
SAR Image Formation by Pixel Classification (IF-PC) (2011)

This paper presents a novel synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image formation technique - SAR Image Formation by Pixel Classification (IF-PC). The technique is integrated with the standard backprojection image formation algorithm to form SAR images with significant reduction in side lobes and noise. The key innovative concept in the IF-PC technique is the formation of many realizations of a SAR image of the same scene from many instances of randomized and reduced apertures. The IF-PC algorithm classifies each pixel in the SAR image into either target class (associated with physical objects) or noise class (noise, sidelobes) based on the statistics of the image pixel from many realizations of the SAR image. The IF-PC technique generates both types of resulting SAR imagery: amplitude and complex images that are almost noise-free. This paper demonstrates the results using both simulation and real radar data from the U.S. Army Research Laboratory's (ARL) low-frequency SAR radar in forward-looking mode.
Cloning a synthetic gene for human stefin B and its expression in <i>E. coli</i> (1988)

A gene coding for human stefin B was synthesized by the solid-phase phosphite method and cloned in the pUC8 cloning vector. The insert with the verified DNA sequence was subcloned into two expression vectors and expressed in E. coli as a fusion protein with beta-galactosidase and as a native protein. The CNBr cleaved fusion protein and the native recombinant stefin B were inhibitory to papain and reacted with antibodies against human stefin B.
Yield modeling for majority voting based defect-tolerant VLSI circuits (2003)

A yield model is developed for generalized N-tuple modular redundancy (NMR) based defect-tolerant designs. The yield model is both mathematical and simulation based where the simulation portion uses a random multiple fault injection simulation procedure while the mathematical portion accounts for defect clustering in the fabrication process. Analysis of the yield model and comparison with empirical data from actual wafer fabrications shows the model to be accurate. The NMR based approach to defect-tolerance in VLSI designs is most practical for application in gate arrays and pad-limited full and semi-custom VLSI.
Expression Profiling of Human Donor Lungs to Understand Primary Graft Dysfunction After Lung Transplantation (2007)

Lung transplantation is the treatment of choice for end-stage pulmonary diseases. A limited donor supply has resulted in 4,000 patients on the waiting list. Currently, 10-20% of donor organs offered for transplantation are deemed suitable under the selection criteria, of which 15-25% fail due to primary graft dysfunction (PGD). This has spawned efforts to re-examine the current selection criteria as well as search for alternative donor lungs selection criteria. In this study, we attempt to further our understanding of PGD by observing the changes in gene expression across donor lungs that developed PGD versus those that did not. From our analysis, we have obtained differentially expressed transcripts that were involved in signaling, apoptosis and stress-activated pathways. Results also indicate that metallothionein 3 was over expressed in lungs that didn't develop PGD. This is the first such attempt to perform expression profiling of actual human lungs used for transplantation, for the identification of a molecular signature for PGD.
Acceleration of protein aggregation by amphiphilic peptides: Transformation of supramolecular structure of the aggregates (2011)

Abstract Protein self‐assembly and aggregation represent a special tool in biomedicine and biotechnology to produce biological materials for a wide range of applications. The protein aggregates are very different morphologically, varying from soluble amorphous aggregates to highly ordered amyloid‐like fibrils, the latter being associated with molecular structures able to perform specific functions in living systems. Fabrication of novel biomaterials resembling natural protein assemblies has awakened interest in identification of low‐molecular‐weight biogenic agents as regulators of transformation of aggregation‐prone proteins into fibrillar structures. Short amphiphilic peptides can be considered for this role. Using dynamic light scattering, turbidimetry, fluorescence spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we have demonstrated that the Arg‐Phe dipeptide dramatically accelerates the aggregation of a model protein, α‐lactalbumin, to generate morphologically different structures. TEM revealed transformation of spherical particles observed in the control samples into branched chains of fibril‐like nanostructures in the presence of the peptide, suggesting that amphiphilic peptides can induce changes in the physicochemical properties of a protein substrate (net charge, hydrophobicity, and tendency to β‐structure formation) resulting in accumulation of peptide–protein complexes competent to self‐assembly into supramolecular structures. A number of other short amphiphilic peptides have also been shown to accelerate the aggregation process, using alternative complementary protein substrates for identification of molecular recognition modules. Peptide–protein assemblies are suggested to play the role of building blocks for formation of supramolecular structures profoundly differing from those of the individual protein substrate in type, size, and shape. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011