gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Analysis of volatile compounds by purge and trap with whole column cryotrapping (WCC) on a fused silica capillary column (1984)

Abstract The purge and trap (P&T) method of analysis has been interfaced with fused silica capillary column gas chromatography. This interfacing has been accomplished without splitting the P&T trap desorption carrier gas. Thus, 100% of the purged compounds are transferred to the column. The analytes are cryofocussed on the column using whole column cryotrapping (WCC) at −80°C. The resulting P&T/WCC procedure is extremely well‐suited to the analysis of trace purgeable aqueous organic compounds. Samples and standards containing a variety of aromatic standard compounds were analyzed. The standards included benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, C 3 ‐C 4 ‐benzenes, and naphthalene, as well as three P&T internal standard compounds. Chromatographic peak widths were uniformly less than 6 s at the base and excellent precision was obtained in the relative retention time data for all compounds. The chromatogram of a groundwater sample contaminated with aromatic gasoline compounds is also presented. Since P&T/WCC works well with fused silica capillary columns, the full sensitivity and chromatographic efficiency of capillary gas chromatography is made available to P&T analyses.
A 3.3-V, low-distortion ISDN line driver with a novel quiescent current control circuit (1998)

A U-interface line driver for a single-chip ISDN (integrated services digital network) NT (network termination) in an advanced 3.3-V, 0.5-/spl mu/m CMOS technology is presented. It features a THD (total harmonic distortion) better than -68 dB for an output swing of 5 V/sub pp/ on a 67-/spl Omega/ load in a band up to 60 kHz. A novel quiescent current control circuit is implemented. The advantages of this new approach lie in the reduction of the variation of the quiescent current and the facilitation of the driver's circuits and compensation scheme.
Hume, Theory and Practice Today (2012)

This book has argued that the problem of the relationship between theory and practice is central to Hume's philosophy and political theory. As a young man, Hume was attracted to philosophy and literature, discovered a "new scene of thought" and worked himself so hard that he suffered some sort of nervous breakdown (which a doctor diagnosed as "the disease of the learned"). In a letter to another physician, Hume described how he had inculcated an air of philosophical superiority over bodily and material affairs and had fortified himself with Stoic maxims concerning the shortness of life and the vanity of worldly pleasures.2 As he noted, these maxims were more appropriate to a life of action in which they reminded the actor not to get too involved in what he was doing. To the solitary thinker, they simply reinforced his mental isolation. Hume overcame his "disease of the learned" through exercise, a change of diet, and a brief sojourn working for a merchant. Throughout his life Hume displayed a practical side, made necessary because of his meager inheritance. His letters, many of which are to publishers, reveal his interest in the commercial success of his writings. He also was generous in promoting new writers who he met. He decided to go on the two diplomatic missions not only for the money, but to acquaint himself personally with politics and military affairs. He spent a lot of time in the "world" of "conversation."
Design and analysis of fiber optical distance sensor (2005)

In recent years, fiber optics has found major applications in sensor technology. In this paper, we develop a theoretical analysis on different configurations of couples of fibers, in order to determine the optimal configuration for a position sensor, which allows us to measure displacements in the order of microns. This sensor is based on intensity modulated sensor and can be used in Scanning Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Microscopy for control of the tip-sample distance. Finally, we presented a novel design of a displacement sensor on the basis of this analysis.
Liquid chromatography based enzyme-amplified immunological assays in fused-silica capillaries at the zeptomole level (1993)

Through the use of fused-silica capillaries it was shown that reducing the liquid volume of an enzyme-amplified immunological assay increases the rate of amplification and sensitivity of the assay by several orders of magnitude. Human immunoglobulin G (hIgG) captured on protein G-coated 100-microns-i.d. columns was saturated with F(ab) anti-hIgG conjugated to alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Conjugated enzyme captured by the antigen was subsequently assayed in a stop-flow incubation with p-nitrophenyl phosphate. p-Nitrophenol produced in the stop-flow incubation was then swept to the detector and quantitated at 405 nm. The detection limit in the stop-flow mode was approximately 3 fmol. Three problems were identified in this flow-through, capillary assay format. The first was that the rate of immunological complex formation within the capillary was too slow. Preforming the immunological complex before application to the column increased the sensitivity by 2 orders of magnitude. Another problem was that the rate of mass transfer within the capillary limited capture of the preformed immunological complex. This problem was solved by stop-flow incubation of the complex in the column. The combination of preformation of the immunological complex and stop-flow binding within the column reduced the detection limit to approximately 3 amol. Finally, reducing the amount of F(ab)-ALP used in the assay minimized nonspecific binding of the conjugated enzyme and reduced the detection limit further to 333 zmol.
An Adaptive FEC Algorithm for Mobile Wireless Networks (2002)

무선 이동 네트워크에서 대부분의 패킷 손실은 네트워크 체증(congestion)보다는 전송(propagation) 오류에 의해 발생된다. 이러한 전송 오류에 의한 패킷 손실을 방지하여 전송 효율을 향상하기 위해 무선 네트워크에서는 FEC(Forward Error Correction)알고리즘을 채택하고 있다. 그러나 정적인 FEC방식은 연속적으로 변화하는 무선 채널의 전송 오류율에 알맞은 정정 코드(check code)를 채택하지 못해 도리어 전송 효율이 저하되는 문제가 있다. 이러한 문제를 개선하기 위해서는 채널의 상태에 따라 FEC를 동적으로 변경하는 것이 필요하다. 본 논문은 무선 채널 특성의 이론적 분석과 저 출력 라디오파를 이용하는 센서(sensor) 네트워크상에서의 실험적 측정을 통해서, 적응적 FEC 기법이 무선 네트워크의 전송 성능을 향상시킬 수 있다는 것을 보여준다. 또한 전송 에러률이 <TEX>$10^{-3}$</TEX> 정도로 상당히 오류가 많은 무선 네트워크에서 적용할 수 있는 적응적 FEC 기법, FECA(FEC-level Adaption)기법을 제안한다. 마지막으로 FEC 알고리즘의 성능 비교를 위해 패킷 시뮬레이션에서 비트 레벨(bit-level) 오류를 시뮬레이션할 수 있는 통합 시뮬레이션 기법을 소개한다. 통합 시뮬레이션을 통해 FECA는 정적 FEC에 비해서 지속적으로 무선 채널 오류률에 알맞는 FEC 정정 코드를 채택하여 성능을 향상시키는 것을 확인하였다. Wireless mobile networks tend to drop a large portion of packets due to propagation errors rather than congestion. To Improve reliability over noisy wireless channels, wireless networks can employ forward error correction (FEC) techniques. Static FEC algorithms, however, can degrade the performance by poorly matching their overhead to the degree of the underlying channel error, especially when the channel path loss rate fluctuates widely. This paper investigates the benefits of an adaptable FEC mechanism for wireless networks with severe packet loss by analytical analysis or measurements over a real wireless network called sensor network. We show that our adaptive FEC named FECA (FEC-level Adaptation) technique improves the performance by dynamically tuning FEC strength to the current amount of wireless channel loss. We quantify these benefits through a hybrid simulation integrating packet-level simulation with bit-level details and validate that FECA keeps selecting the appropriate FEC-level for a constantly changing wireless channel.
A Frame Layer Bit Allocation for H.264 Based on Frame Complexity (2006)

The new H.264/AVC video coding standard delivers a significantly better performance compared to previous standards, supporting higher quality video over lower bit rate channels. In H.264, as in all other video encoders, the rate control objective is to accomplish the best quality with the minimum rate, and this is achieved by allocating more bits to frames with higher complexity and fewer bits to low complexity frames. In this paper a new frame layer bit allocation scheme for H.264 is proposed. In the proposed method, in addition to the encoder buffer status, the decision to adjust the target bitrate is determined based on the frame complexity. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method not only meets the requested bitrate more closely than the reference model, but also generates up to 1.1 dB better quality at this lower rate and is up to 3% less complex than the H.264 JVT rate control method
Assignment of "Achromobacter iophagus" Strain I.029 to Vibrio alginolyticus Chemovar iophagus (1983)

Strain CIP 82.01 of Vibrio alginolyticus and strain I.029 (previously designated “Achromobacter iophagus”) were compared. Strain I.029 produces a collagenase of high specific activity (Achromobacter collagenase; EC 3.4.24.8). Collagenase production is induced in strain CIP 82.01 by collagen or macromolecular fragments of collagen in a manner similar to collagenase induction in strain I.029; caseinolytic proteinase is constitutive. In this study we demonstrate that both strains also produce a constitutive extracellular endonuclease. Collagenases from both strains cleave either native collagen in its helical region or a similar synthetic peptide; both enzymes are inhibited by ethylenediamine tetraacetate, but not by diisopropyl fluorophosphate. The collagenase subunit (molecular weight, 35,000) of strain CIP 82.01 is similar in amino acid composition to the subunit of the strain I.029 enzyme, although some of the aspartic and threonine residues in strain CIP 82.01 are replaced by glutamic and serine residues in strain I.029. Surface radioiodination followed by two-dimensional electrophoresis showed that there are quantitative differences in the major outer membrane proteins of the two strains. Strains CIP 82.01 and I.029 differ qualitatively in resistance to ampicillin and carbenicillin, in cellobiose fermentation, in ornithine decarboxylase activity, and in halophilism. We propose that strain I.029, which was originally designated A. iophagus, be included within the species V. alginolyticus, but that this organism be distinguished from other strains of this species by the designation Vibrio alginolyticus chemovar iophagus, with the corresponding collagenase designated “iophagus collagenase” (EC 3.4.24.8).
Flue gas desulfurization/Alternatives for stack gas desulfurization by throwaway scrubbing (1978)

A survey shows that several promising alternatives in throwaway scrubbing have not been adequately explored, including the use of additives, alternative methods for sulfate removal, and intentional oxidation by slurry scrubbing. Sodium alkali and organic acid additives should be more extensively tested in slurry scrubbing systems. Ammonia addition with high-pH sulfate crystallization may be attractive with lime slurry scrubbing. Buffer addition with intentional oxidation in the scrubber loop should be tested with slurry scrubbing. Systematic structuring of process alternatives encourages the definition of novel processes by the transfer of technology from related processes and by allowance for all combinations of alternatives.
Progress in joining of advanced materials (1998)

Advanced materials generally require novel joining techniques. Developments in new materials research should be conducted hand in hand with work on weldability and joining capacity aspects. Sound joint quality for any new material has always been considered a milestone in a research and development scheme for a new material, particularly in terms of widespread applications. Better understanding of the microstructure-mechanical properties relationships of the bonded or welded joints will feed back to the materials development activities both in conventional and new materials areas. The two joining processes diffusion bonding and laser welding are considered in this literature review, since these processes are capable of joining a wide range of materials of interest in the aerospace industry, as well as in many other industrial applications, and offer remarkable advantages over conventional fusion welding processes. Of particular interest is the ability to join the more difficult aerospace alloys with minimal component distortion and high reproducibility of joint quality. The purpose of the review is to outline progress made in this area and to make suggestions for future work. Coverage includes solid state joining, fusion joining, joining of intermetallics, joining of metal matrix composites, and joining of other advanced materials.
Partial purification and chemical characterization of macrophage cytotoxicity factor (MCF, MAF) and its separation from migration inhibitory factor (MIF). (1981)

Macrophage cytotoxicity factor (MCF) was purified in 3 consecutive steps including adsorption chromatography on Matrex Gel Red A, hydrophobic chromatography on phenylalanine-Sepharose, and isoelectric focusing. MCF was characterized as a protein with a m.w. of approximately 30,000 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 with 2 isoelectric points at 7.4 and 8.4 in the presence of urea. The unpurified supernatant was fairly stable provided that manipulations favoring adsorption to membrane materials used for dialysis or ultrafiltration were omitted. The partially purified preparation was highly unstable. Trypsin treatment did not affect MCF activity, whereas chymotrypsin destroyed it. Treatment with glycosidases and neuraminidase or cultivation of cells in the presence of 2-deoxy-D-glucose or tunicamycin did not impair the MCF activity. MCF was separated from migration inhibitory factor (MIF) by 2 methods: first, isoelectric focusing in the presence of urea, and second by gel filtration on Ultrogel. MCF could be separated from interferon by chromatography on poly(I)-Sepharose.
Macro Rings. XXXI. Quinone Derived from [2.2]Paracyclophane, an Intramolecular—Molecular Complex<sup>1</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMacro Rings. XXXI. Quinone Derived from [2.2]Paracyclophane, an Intramolecular—Molecular Complex1Donald J. Cram and A. Colin DayCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 4, 1227–1232Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01342a059https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01342a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views765Altmetric-Citations115LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Worst Case Response Time Analysis of Sporadic Task Graphs with EDF Non-preemptive Scheduling on a Uniprocessor (2007)

This paper considers the problem of non-preemptive hard realtime scheduling of sporadic task graphs on a uniprocessor with earliest deadline first (EDF) scheduling. A sporadic task graph associated to an application is characterized by a set of subtasks under precedence constraints with deadline constraints. We study feasibility conditions based on the computation of the worst case response times of any subtask of a task graph. We investigate the late deadline constraint.
High hopes at high altitudes: pharmacotherapy for acute mountain sickness and high-altitude cerebral and pulmonary oedema (2007)

The pharmacotherapy of prevention and treatment of acute altitude- related problems - acute mountain sickness, high-altitude cerebral oedema and high-altitude pulmonary oedema - is reviewed. Drug therapy is only part of the answer to the medical problems of high altitude; prevention should include slow ascent and treatment of the more severe illnesses should include appropriate descent. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, in particular acetazolamide, remain the most effective drugs in preventing, to a large extent, the symptoms of acute mountain sickness, and can be used in the immediate management of the more severe forms of altitude-related illnesses. Glucocorticoids in relatively large doses are also effective preventative drugs, but at present are largely reserved for the treatment of the more severe acute mountain sickness and acute cerebral oedema. Calcium channel blockers and PDE-5 inhibitors are effective in the management of acute pulmonary oedema. Further work is required to establish the role of antioxidants and anticytokines in these syndromes.
Web switch support for differentiated services (2001)

As the Web is becoming a medium widely used as a preferential channel for critical information exchange, business, and e-commerce, it is necessary to enable differentiated service mechanisms not only at the network but also at the Web server level. In this paper, we propose the concept of Quality of Web Services (QoWS), which is inspired by the basic principles of network QoS, while looking at the server components of the Web system. In particular, we analyze how QoWS principles can be realized in a Web site hosted on a Web-server cluster that is, an architecture composed by multiple Web servers locally distributed and a single front-end node, called a Web switch. We propose a new centralized policy, namely DynamicPartitioning, which satisfies through dynamic server partition all basic QoS principles for a Web switch working at application level. We compare it against other proposed classes of policies which implement part or all of basic QoS principles. We demonstrate through a large set of simulation experiments under a realistic workload model that DynamicPartitioning always achieves superior performance for the high service class, at the price of some penalty for low service classes.
Death of a dogma: eukaryotic mRNAs can code for more than one protein (2015)

mRNAs carry the genetic information that is translated by ribosomes. The traditional view of a mature eukaryotic mRNA is a molecule with three main regions, the 5' UTR, the protein coding open reading frame (ORF) or coding sequence (CDS), and the 3' UTR. This concept assumes that ribosomes translate one ORF only, generally the longest one, and produce one protein. As a result, in the early days of genomics and bioinformatics, one CDS was associated with each protein-coding gene. This fundamental concept of a single CDS is being challenged by increasing experimental evidence indicating that annotated proteins are not the only proteins translated from mRNAs. In particular, mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics and ribosome profiling have detected productive translation of alternative open reading frames. In several cases, the alternative and annotated proteins interact. Thus, the expression of two or more proteins translated from the same mRNA may offer a mechanism to ensure the co-expression of proteins which have functional interactions. Translational mechanisms already described in eukaryotic cells indicate that the cellular machinery is able to translate different CDSs from a single viral or cellular mRNA. In addition to summarizing data showing that the protein coding potential of eukaryotic mRNAs has been underestimated, this review aims to challenge the single translated CDS dogma.
T<scp>he</scp> I<scp>nformation</scp> T<scp>echnology</scp> P<scp>ayoff</scp>: I<scp>mplications</scp> F<scp>or</scp> I<scp>nvestment</scp> A<scp>ppraisal</scp> (1991)

Substantial business resources are being dedicated to information technology (IT) but little is known about the effects of these investments on the performance of firms. This paper reports the results of a study of 33 manufacturing firms' investments in IT and their subsequent performance. The study analysed six years' data collected from three senior officers of each firm. Three types of IT investment were studied: strategic, informational and transactional. While firms which invested heavily in transactional IT were consistently better performers, this effect was not apparent with the other types of IT. These results have policy implications for the methods used to appraise future IT investments. Standard discounted cashflow methods are not suited to all types of IT investments. This article suggests different approaches to IT appraisal for different types of IT investment.
A quasi-linear controller for DC/DC converter using a TMS320 digital signal processor (2002)

A quasi-linear control strategy for regulating DC/DC power converters under wide parameter variations is implemented using a digital signal processor. Experimental studies of this DSP-based controller are presented in this paper. Since the control method allows real-time modification of control parameters according to the changing environment, the resulting control shows significant improvement in performance over conventional methods. The proposed controller, being a programmable digital circuit, is highly reliable and flexible. This paper demonstrates the use of digital signal processors in controlling power converters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Controlled Regioselective Anilide Formation from Aspartic and Glutamic Acid Anhydrides (1997)

The regioselectivity of the reaction of aniline with a series of N-protected aspartic and glutamic acid anhydrides was controlled through the choice of reaction solvent. In benzene, the formation of aspartic or glutamic acid α-anilides was favored, with α:(β or γ) regioselectivities as high as 100:0. On the other hand, in DMSO, the formation of either aspartic acid β-anilide or glutamic acid γ-anilide was favored, with α:(β or γ) regioselectivities as high as 0:100. This regioselectivity was not observed for alkylamines, amino acids, thiols, or alcohols. However, the high yields of the aniline reactions and the ability to specify their regioselectivities demonstrate the usefulness of our method for the formation of aspartic and glutamic acid anilide bonds.