gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Incentive reward for efficient WiFi offloading using Q-learning approach (2017)

As mobile data traffic continues to increase exponentially, finding an efficient solution to offload the cellular network traffic becomes very crucial for operators. The deployment of small cells yet help resolve part of this problem, but user traffic demands always exceeded the capacity of mobile networks. WiFi technology came as one of the most attractive alternative for traffic offloading to cellular operators. It becomes especially appealing when it is about very high capacity demanding networks such as 5G. However, WiFi offloading decision as well as WiFi-Access Points (W-AP) selection should be carefully studied in order not to affect the offloaded user's quality of service. In this paper, a new Reinforcement-Learning framework is presented in order to enhance WiFi traffic offloading in a network where several W-APs coexist within a macrocell. We propose a distributed Q-learning algorithm in which each cellular user learns about his local environment and selects the best base station (macro-BS or W-AP) after reaching convergence. We introduce a new reward parameter which takes into account the load of each detected W-AP, the duration of the vertical Handover, the offered gain as well as the achieved Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio. With our Q-learning scheme, each user decides to join the WiFi offloading or not, depending on the received reward from his environment and from his previous learning. Simulation results showed the effectiveness of our proposed Q-learning based scheme as compared to common WiFi offloading scheme in terms of cellular residence time.
Isolation and Propagation of a Human CD133<sup>-</sup> Colon Tumor-Derived Cell Line with Tumorigenic and Angiogenic Properties (2010)

It has been proposed in human colorectal cancers (CRC) a minority subset of cancer cells within tumors able to initiate tumor growth, defined as cancer stem cells (CSC). Solid human primary colonic and its ovarian metastatic cancer tissues were collected from fresh surgical samples and subsequent xenografts were established in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice. The resulting tumors were disaggregated into single-cell suspensions and a CD133(-) cell line (NANK) was newly established and analyzed by flow cytometry. Surface markers of progenitor cells were immunophenotypically analyzed, and expression of stem cell and cancer-related genes was characterized. Secreted angiogenesis-associated molecules were investigated by proteomic array technology. Finally, different numbers of NANK were implanted and their tumor-initiating properties were investigated in NOD/SCID mice. Intraperitoneal injection of NANK in NOD/SCID mice induced tumors with developing progressive peritoneal dissemination and ascites. NANK cells maintained a differentiated phenotype and reproduced the full morphologic and phenotypic heterogeneity of their parental lesions. Noticeably, NANK lacked the expression of conventional CSC markers CD133 and CD44, self-renewal genes Oct-4 and Nanog, but showed the expression of an important gastrointestinal development marker CDX-2 and BMI-1 that is essential in regulating the proliferative activity of normal and leukemic stem cells. In addition, NANK secreted high amounts of important angiogenic cytokines. These results provide a novel and extensive model in human CSC for studying the generation and maintenance of phenotypic heterogeneity in CRC.
Identifying targets under trees: jigsaw 3D ladar test results (2003)

A 3D direct detection imaging laser radar was developed and tested to demonstrate the ability to image objects highly obscured by foliage or camouflage netting. The LADAR provides high-resolution imagery from a narrow pulse-width transmitter, high frequency receiver, and 3D visualization software for near-real-time data display. This work accomplished under DARPA contract number DAAD17-01-D0006/0002.
Deacylation of bacterial endotoxins by neutrophils and macrophages: early observations and hypotheses. (1986)

Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are thought to play a role in immunomodulation by providing signals to cells such as macrophages, lymphocytes and neutrophils. Recent structure-activity studies indicate that many of the bioactivities of lipid A, the bioactive region of LPS, can be produced by a lipid A precursor. The precursor is a glucosamine disaccharide that is phosphorylated at 1 and 4' and that has 3-hydroxytetradecanoate residues linked to the glucosamine backbone at 2, 3, 2', and 3'. In contrast, certain toxic activities (pyrogenicity, complement activation and the ability to produce the Shwartzman reaction) appear to require complete lipid A, which additionally has nonhydroxylated fatty acids substituted to the hydroxyl groups of some of the 3-hydroxytetradecanoate residues. Earlier studies have identified enzymes (acyloxyacyl hydrolases) in neutrophils and macrophages that remove the nonhydroxylated fatty acids from complete lipid A, thus converting the lipid A to a precursor-like structure. Based on the structure-activity studies described above, it is speculated that acyloxyacyl hydrolysis reduces the toxicity of lipid A. It is also possible that enzymatic removal of the nonhydroxylated fatty acids is required for some of the stimulatory activities of lipid A.
Estimating the time-delay for predictive control in general anesthesia (2010)

Monitoring and controlling the depth of general anesthesia is very important since over-dosing and under-dosing can be dangerous for the well-being of the patient. One of the devices used to monitor the depth of anesthesia is the BIS (Bispectral Index) monitor. The relation between the BIS signal, measured by the BIS monitor, and the effect of the administered drugs is given by a function called Hill curve. The aim of this contribution is to implement a procedure for i) the estimation of the time-delay introduced by the computational effort employed by the BIS monitor and ii) the estimation of the parameters of a linear Hill curve. The estimation algorithm is implemented based on the cross-correlation analysis (CCA) between a real BIS signal and a simulated BIS signal. Initially, the algorithm was validated using only simulated signals, followed by a clinical study. The estimated time-delay will be used further in the prediction model of the Extended Prediction Self-Adaptive Control (EPSAC) algorithm.
Intranasal Ketamine Treatment in an Adult With Autism Spectrum Disorder (2014)

Article Abstract †‹Because this piece does not have an abstract, we have provided for your benefit the first 3 sentences of the full text. Ketamine, a noncompetitive antagonist at the N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate receptor, has been demonstrated in controlled clinical trials to rapidly decrease symptoms of depression in adults via intravenous infusion and has demonstrated promising results in an uncontrolled trial of intranasal infusion in adolescents with bipolar disorder. Other glutamatergic modulators, including d-cycloserine, amantadine, and memantine, have been the focus of drug development targeting core social impairment in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, to date, there have been no reports of ketamine treatment in individuals with ASD.
Simultaneous Determination of 5'-Monophosphate Nucleotides in Infant Formulas by HPLC-MS (2011)

A method was developed for simultaneous determination of 5'-monophosphate nucleotides, adenosine 5'-monophosphate, cytidine 5'-monophosphate, guanosine 5'-monophosphate, inosine 5'-monophosphate, and uridine 5'-monophosphate in infant formulas by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry equipped with electrospray ionization source. The complete chromatographic separation of five nucleotides was achieved through a Symmetry C(18) column, after a binary gradient elution with water containing 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile as mobile phase. The multi-reaction monitoring mode was applied for tandem mass spectrometry analysis. The established method was further validated by determining the linearity (R(2) > 0.999), recovery (92.0-105.0%), and precision (relative standard deviation ≤6.97%). To verify the applicability of the method, thirty commercially available infant formulas were randomly purchased from the supermarkets in Hangzhou, China, and then analyzed. The results showed that the developed method is validated, sensitive, and reliable for quantitation of nucleotides in infant formulas.
METABOLIC (1978)

The Center for Trauma and Life Support and Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of Wisconsin Hospitals, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
Metal-Substituted Bacteriochlorophylls. 1. Preparation and Influence of Metal and Coordination on Spectra (1998)

In contrast to porphyrins and chlorins, the direct metalation of bacteriochlorins is difficult. Nevertheless, Cu2+ and Zn2+ can be introduced into bacteriopheophytin in acetic acid, whereas Cd2+ can be inserted in dimethylformamide. The former reactions depend on the substituents of the isocyclic ring: they are facilitated if enolization of the β-ketoester system is inhibited. Starting with [Cd]-bacteriochlorophyll-a or its 132-hydroxy derivative, a series of metallo-bacteriochlorins with central divalent ions Pd2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Mn2+ have been obtained by transmetalation. Like in the parent Mg complex, the four principal optical transitions are well-separated in these complexes, and their responses to changes in the central metal and its coordination state can be followed in detail. The energies of the Qy and Bx transitions are almost independent of the central metal, whereas the Qx and By transition energies change significantly, depending on the central metal as well as the presence of additional axial ligands. If the complexes are grouped by their coordination number, empirical linear correlations exist between these shifts and the ratio / , where is Pauling's electronegativity value and is the ionic radius of the metal. A similar correlation was found for those 1H NMR signals influenced mainly by the ring current and for the redox potentials. This observation was in contrast with the linear relationships with alone, found for metal-substituted porphyrins. The spectral variations influenced by the central metal and its state of ligation are attributed, within the framework of the four-orbital model, to the electrostatic interaction of the electron densities in the four orbitals with the effective charge of the central metal ions, which is most pronounced for the a2u orbital (HOMO-1). Ligation studies have revealed that addition of the first axial ligand decreases the effective charge of the central metal by approximately 50% and addition of the second axial ligand by another 20% with respect to the absence of axial ligands. The singlet−triplet splitting deduced from fluorescence and phosphorescence measurements is similar for [Pd]-, [Cu]-, [Zn]-, and [Mg]-BChl (4550 ± 100 cm-1).
Studies on the transformation process of PVDF from α to β phase by stretching (2013)

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) has excellent pyro- and piezoelectric properties which are related to the β-crystal of PVDF. Most of the β-crystal of PVDF can be transformed from the α-crystal by mechanical stretching. The effects of stretching conditions on the transformation from α to β phase of PVDF were studied in this paper. In addition, changes of crystalline structure of PVDF during the stretching process were observed in situ under an optical tensile stress microscopy tester, and the samples after being stretched were investigated using a 3D digital microscope and an infrared microscope. The results show that stretching temperature (Ts) and drawing ratio (λ) are critical to the transformation from α-crystal to β-crystal of PVDF. The Ts around 100 °C and λ above 3 is recommended. The in situ observation indicates that the deformation of crystalline structure began from the middle of α-spherulite and extended to another spherulite, and caused the large-scale transformation. Scanning results of infrared microspectroscopic and 3D digital microscopy revealed that α phase of PVDF would change into β phase with the deformation of the spherulite, and the distribution of the different crystalline phase in PVDF after being stretched was also given. It is believed that this work is instructive and meaningful to studies on phase transformation and production of the piezoelectric film of PVDF.
Carbon connections promise nanoelectronics (1996)

As the semiconductor industry inches towards integrated circuit technology based on silicon chips with features just 200 nm wide, researchers are trying to build carbon-based electronic devices that are hundreds of times smaller. These devices would be based on the remarkable electronic properties of carbon nanotubes and the junctions between dissimilar nanotubes.
Regional mapping of the human galactocerebrosidase gene (GALC) to 14q31 by in situ hybridization (1994)

The cDNA for human galactocerebrosidase (GALC) has recently been cloned and expressed. A portion of this cDNA was used for in situ hybridization, and the region of strongest signal corresponded to human chromosome region 14q31. This agrees with recent linkage studies that localized Krabbe disease (globoid cell leukodystrophy) to the same region. This information will be useful in future studies for mapping this gene in animal models of GALC deficiency.
Transfer learning for collaborative filtering via a rating-matrix generative model (2009)

Cross-domain collaborative filtering solves the sparsity problem by transferring rating knowledge across multiple domains. In this paper, we propose a rating-matrix generative model (RMGM) for effective cross-domain collaborative filtering. We first show that the relatedness across multiple rating matrices can be established by finding a shared implicit cluster-level rating matrix, which is next extended to a cluster-level rating model. Consequently, a rating matrix of any related task can be viewed as drawing a set of users and items from a user-item joint mixture model as well as drawing the corresponding ratings from the cluster-level rating model. The combination of these two models gives the RMGM, which can be used to fill the missing ratings for both existing and new users. A major advantage of RMGM is that it can share the knowledge by pooling the rating data from multiple tasks even when the users and items of these tasks do not overlap. We evaluate the RMGM empirically on three real-world collaborative filtering data sets to show that RMGM can outperform the individual models trained separately.
Convolutional Sparse Coding for RGB+NIR Imaging (2017)

Emerging sensor designs increasingly rely on novel color filter arrays (CFAs) to sample the incident spectrum in unconventional ways. In particular, capturing a near-infrared (NIR) channel along with conventional RGB color is an exciting new imaging modality. RGB+NIR sensing has broad applications in computational photography, such as low-light denoising, it has applications in computer vision, such as facial recognition and tracking, and it paves the way toward low-cost single-sensor RGB and depth imaging using structured illumination. However, cost-effective commercial CFAs suffer from severe spectral cross talk. This cross talk represents a major challenge in high-quality RGB+NIR imaging, rendering existing spatially multiplexed sensor designs impractical. In this work, we introduce a new approach to RGB+NIR image reconstruction using learned convolutional sparse priors. We demonstrate high-quality color and NIR imaging for challenging scenes, even including high-frequency structured NIR illumination. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated on a large data set of experimental captures, and simulated benchmark results which demonstrate that this work achieves unprecedented reconstruction quality.
Corn steep liquor lowers the amount of inoculum for biopulping (1997)

This research examined the effectiveness of corn steep liquor in reducing the quantitiy of fungal inoculum during biomechanical pulping. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) chips were treated for two weeks with different strains of the white-rot fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora on a laboratory scale. On unsupplemented chips, 3 kg/ton of inoculum on a dry weight basis of strain CZ-3 saved 19% electrical energy and improved tear index by 28% compared with the control. With addition of 0.5% sterilized corn steep liquor on a dry weight basis, inoculum levels as low as 5 g/ton gave equivalent energy savings but did not improve tear index. Two strains saved 28-29% energy and improved tear index by 21-22% when amending 5 g/ton of inoculum of earch strain of each strain with 0.5% sterilized corn steep liquor. Other augmentation led to 34% savings in energy and 46% improvement in tear index. Application : pulp and paper companies can obtain a regular supply of corn steep liquor for their use from the nearest location with minimal transportation cost.
Quantum-Cascade Laser-Based Vibrational Circular Dichroism (2011)

Vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra were recorded with a tunable external-cavity quantum-cascade laser (QCL). In comparison with standard thermal light sources in the IR, QCLs provide orders of magnitude more power and are therefore promising for VCD studies in strongly absorbing solvents. The brightness of this novel light source is demonstrated with VCD and IR absorption measurements of a number of compounds, including proline in water.
An approach to virtual allocation in storage systems (2006)

This article presents virtual allocation , a scheme for flexible storage allocation. Virtual allocation separates storage allocation from the file system. It employs an allocate-on-write strategy which lets applications fit into the actual usage of storage space, without regard to the configured file system size. This improves flexibility by allowing storage space to be shared across different file systems. This article presents the design of virtual allocation and its evaluation through benchmarks. To illustrate our approach, we implemented a prototype system on PCs running Linux. We present the results from the prototype implementation and its evaluation.
Quantitative determination of the partial oxygen pressure in the vitrectomized rabbit eye <i>in Vivo</i> using <sup>19</sup>F NMR (1991)

We have quantitatively determined the PO2 within the vitreous space of the vitrectomized rabbit eye in vivo using 19F NMR and perfluorotributylamine (FTBA). The results of the present work are in good agreement with previous measurements of PO2 within the nonvitrectimized rabbit eye obtained using oxygen microelectrodes. In this study, good precision and accuracy were achieved by: (1) having minimal flow effects present, (2) optimizing the signal-to-noise through the use of neat FTBA and surface coil transmission and detection, and (3) performing an inversion-recovery pulse sequence, with adiabatic pulses, to optimize the dynamic range of the T1 experiment. Possible deleterious effects on the measured T1 due to the vitreal temperature gradient are discussed. To the best of our knowledge the results of this study demonstrate, for the first time, a quantitative determination of intraocular PO2 in vivo using 19F NMR and FTBA.
High strain biocompatible polydimethylsiloxane-based conductive graphene and multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposite strain sensors (2013)

High performance strain sensors were achieved featuring simple, low-cost construction involving the screen printing of combinations of multi-walled carbon nanotube and graphene nano-platelet nanocomposites on biocompatible and flexible polymer substrates. Conductivity and thermal coefficients of resistance of different conductive nanocomposite sensor materials were measured. The zero current resistance and gauge factor of printed sensors was characterized. The combination of high strain operation (up to 40%), high gauge factor (GF &gt; 100), and biocompatible construction pave the way for applications such as minimally invasive in vivo strain measurements.
Thermal and Antiradical Properties of Indirect Moxibustion (1997)

The thermal and antiradical properties of indirect moxibustion stimulation were investigated by thermal qualitative and spectroscopic methods. The thermal effect of indirect moxibustion was mainly dependent on the spacing distance between the moxa and skin, and not on the moxa weight. The radical scavenging activities of moxa and moxa-tar were measured by a photometric absorbance method, chemical reaction with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl. The obtained results indicate that the inhibitory effects of moxa and moxa-tar on superoxide production are due to the radical scavenging mechanism.
Optical demultiplexer using coupling between nonidentical waveguides (1978)

A demultiplexer using wavelength dependent coupling between nonidentical waveguides is proposed and demonstrated for single-mode fiber transmission systems. The demultiplexer, consisting of rf-sputtered glass thin film layers, demultiplexes 4880-A, 5145-A, and 6328-A light waves with larger than 14-dB crosstalk attenuations and with less than 5.2-dB insertion losses.
Development of a High Dielectric Constant Insulating Oil (2005)

Tetra Corporation has developed a new high dielectric constant insulating oil, tetra high energy storage oil (THESO) (Patent pending), for pulsed power applications. In this paper we discuss the measurement of the dielectric properties of the oil, in particular the dielectric strength, dielectric constant, and conductivity. We also discuss the water absorption properties and compare energy storage density with other pulsed power insulating fluids.
Sustainability of E-learning projects - the GITTA approach (2008)

GITTA (Geographic Information Technology Training Alliance) is an e-learning project that tries to complement the traditional way of teaching, preferably in a blended learning mode. To students it provides the possibility of extending and recapitulating knowledge taught in class. Originally a consortium of ten Swiss partner institutes created the GITTA lesson pool with every partner agreeing to contribute and utilise e-learning content. Since the original content development is now completed the recently founded GITTA Association tries to find partners outside the initial consortium to establish cooperations, which is considered as an important element of a strategy to ensure the further development and sustainability of the GITTA knowledge pool. GITTA offers a great opportunity for being integrated into GIScience curricula in manifold ways. In order to ensure its sustainability beyond the completion of the initial funding, the project is based on four strategic elements that are meant to facilitate the long-term existence of the project: First, GITTA offers one of the most comprehensive pools of GIScience e-learning content currently available (pedagogical strategy). Second, the GITTA lessons and case studies are provided as free and open content through the Creative Commons licence (open content strategy). Third, all GITTA content is based on an XML dialect named eLML (e-Learning Markup Language), providing standardised and flexible transformation into different output formats and/or presentation designs (XML technology strategy). Fourth, the GITTA Association is supposed to maintain the further development of the project, to acquire new members and continue the operation of GITTA (outreach strategy). Through these strategic elements we hope to attract many other users, as we believe that having a large community will help others in GIScience education and help us keeping our project alive and \nself-supporting.