gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An electromagnetic modelling tool for the detection of hydrocarbons in the subsoil (2000)

Electromagnetic geophysical methods, such as ground‐penetrating radar (GPR), have proved to be optimal tools for detecting and mapping near‐surface contaminants. GPR has the capability of mapping the location of hydrocarbon pools on the basis of contrasts in the effective permittivity and conductivity of the subsoil. At radar frequencies (50 MHz to 1 GHz), hydrocarbons have a relative permittivity ranging from 2 to 30, compared with a permittivity for water of 80. Moreover, their conductivity ranges from zero to 10 mS/m, against values of 200 mS/m and more for salt water. These differences indicate that water/hydrocarbon interfaces in a porous medium are electromagnetically ‘visible’. In order to quantify the hydrocarbon saturation we developed a model for the electromagnetic properties of a subsoil composed of sand and clay/silt, and partially saturated with air, water and hydrocarbon. A self‐similar theory is used for the sandy component and a transversely isotropic constitutive equation for the shaly component, which is assumed to possess a laminated structure. The model is first verified with experimental data and then used to obtain the properties of soils partially saturated with methanol and aviation gasoline. Finally, a GPR forward‐modelling method computes the radargrams of a typical hydrocarbon spill, illustrating the sensitivity of the technique to the type of pore‐fluid. The model and the simulation algorithm provide an interpretation methodology to distinguish different pore‐fluids and to quantify their degree of saturation.
LED Backlight Driver Circuit With Dual-Mode Dimming Control and Current-Balancing Design (2013)

A dimmable light emitting diode (LED) driver circuit with dual-mode dimming control and current-balancing design for backlight applications was examined and implemented in this study. Parallel current balancing can be achieved by a passive differential-mode (DM) transformer. The driver has the main power stage constructed by one boost converter. Owing to the high switching frequency, continuous-current-mode operation, and DM transformer magnetizing inductance, the output side only needs an ultralow capacitor. Through the constant-current and constant-voltage dimming scheme, the LED has smoothed temporary voltage transient and will extend the lifetime of a LED lamp. Furthermore, simplicity, low cost, less capacitor, and gradual voltage rising slope can be achieved. This study included the analyses and discussions for the operational principles and design considerations of the proposed LED driver. A 10-W laboratory prototype was built and tested to verify the feasibility of the studied driver.
Image-Based Rendering (2006)

Image-based rendering (IBR) is unique in that it requires computer graphics, computer vision, and image processing to join forces to solve a common goal, namely photorealistic rendering through the use of images. IBR as an area of research has been around for about ten years, and substantial progress has been achieved in effectively capturing, representing, and rendering scenes. Image-Based Rendering surveys the various techniques used in the area. It shows that representations and rendering techniques can differ radically, depending on design decisions related to ease of capture, use of geometry, accuracy of geometry (if used), number and distribution of source images, degrees of freedom for virtual navigation, and expected scene complexity. Image-Based Rendering is an invaluable resource for anyone planning or conducting research in this particular area, or computer graphics or vision generally. The essentials of the topic are presented in an accessible manner and an extensive bibliography guides towards further reading.
Sulfatase-2: a prognostic biomarker and candidate therapeutic target in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (2016)

Elevated SULF2 in PDAC was associated with advanced tumour stage, vascular invasion, shorter interval to radiological progression and shorter overall survival. SULF2 may have roles as a prognostic biomarker and as a therapeutic target for patients with PDAC.
Inhibition of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone/Diethylstilbestrol-Stimulated Ovarian Growth by Extracts of Pregnancy Urine (1986)

We devised an in vivo biological assay for ovarian growth inhibiting activity to examine extracts of human pregnancy urine for the presence of ovarian growth inhibiting factor. Diethylstilbestrol (DES) capsules were implanted sc in immature hypophysectomized female rats; FSH was injected sc with or without test substance for 5 days. Rats with unstimulated ovaries were implanted with blank capsules and given the vehicle without FSH. Twenty four hours after the last injection, the ovaries were removed and weighed. The ovarian growth inhibition of the ovarian weight gain achieved in rats treated with DES and FSH. Crude commercial human CG (hCG) preparations, extracted from pregnancy urine, were chromatographed on Sephadex G-100, and the fractions were tested for ovarian growth inhibiting activity. The peak of ovarian growth inhibiting activity was found in fractions eluting from the column in the mol wt range of 12,000-20,000. Ovarian growth inhibiting activity was heat sensitive, not extracted by ether, and precipitated by acetone. Ovarian growth inhibiting activity was stable in acid at pH 2, but was inactivated by digestion with trypsin. The ovarian growth inhibiting activity was purified by chromatography on Concanavalin A-Sepharose and diethylaminoethyl-Sephacel. The active material contained hCG alpha, hCG beta, and beta-carboxyterminal peptide-immunoreactivity and its inhibiting activity could be removed from solution by immunoadsorption with antisera specific for hCG beta. The ovarian growth inhibiting activity was further purified on an anti-hCG alpha-immunoglobulin G affinity column. The activity was eluted from the affinity column at low pH, and eluted material contained all of the immunodeterminants of hCG. Virtually identical dose-response curves of ovarian inhibition were obtained using equivalent doses of beta-carboxyterminal peptide immunoreactivity of purified inhibitor and purified hCG (CR123). The inhibiting activity reached plateau of 80-90% at doses of 50-100 ng hCG/rat. Upon rechromatography on Sephadex G-100, the ovarian growth activity that was pooled from fractions corresponding to the 12,000-20,000 mol wt range was recovered in fractions corresponding to the elution position of hCG. We conclude that the low mol wt inhibiting activity observed in the crude pregnancy extracts is due to hCG and that hCG is a very potent inhibitor of FSH/DES stimulation of ovarian growth.
Design and performance of sequential power amplifiers (2008)

This paper presents an analysis of a sequential power amplifier (SPA) in a transmitter with an FPGA-circuit at the input and a directional coupler at the output. The nonlinear combining characteristics of the output coupler are investigated. The coupling strength and the ratio of maximum power of peaking and main amplifier are discussed as design parameters. A switched coupler is examined as the combiner. Due to the sequential transmitter concept the back-off efficiency can be significantly increased. E.g. using conventional class-B amplifiers a 10 dB back-off efficiency of 38% can be achieved. The average power added efficiency of the whole transmitter may be improved by 30% compared to conventional amplifiers. Design tradeoffs, theoretical performance and measurement results of the proposed transmitters are presented.
Rapid ventricular assessment using real-time interactive multislice MRI (2001)

A multislice real-time imaging technique is described which can provide continuous visualization of the entire left ventricle under resting and stress conditions. Three dynamically adjustable slices containing apical, mid, and base short axis views are imaged 16 times/sec (48 images/sec), with each image providing 3.12 mm resolution over a 20 cm field of view. Initial studies indicate that this technique is useful for the assessment of LV function by providing simultaneous real-time visualization of all 16 wall segments. This technique may also be used for stress LV function and, when used in conjunction with contrast agents, myocardial perfusion imaging. Magn Reson Med 45:371-375, 2001.
Chidamide and apatinib are therapeutically synergistic in acute myeloid leukemia stem and progenitor cells (2022)

Chidamide in combination with apatinib might be a promising therapeutic strategy to get rid of the population of AML stem and progenitor cells, and thus provide a potentially curative option in the treatment of patients with AML, although further clinical evaluations are required to substantiate the conclusion.
A Miniature Dielectric-Loaded Folded Half-Loop Antenna and Ground Plane Effects (2005)

A miniature dielectric-loaded folded half-loop antenna on a mobile terminal operating at 5.2 GHz to cover the IEEE802.11a wireless system is introduced. The length of the proposed antenna is reduced by 50% compared to the dielectric-loaded folded loop antenna in previous studies. The antenna's performance is not affected much by changing the size of the ground plane. The return loss and radiation patterns of the antenna are assessed using both a finite integration technique (FIT) simulation and experimental measurements.
Increased plasma levels of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in pre‐eclampsia (1991)

The increased levels of VIP in pre-eclampsia may represent a powerful compensatory mechanism to restore vascular perfusion of various organs, including the uterus and placenta.
The High Incidence of Mismated Feet in the Population (1983)

All Americans, and most likely all individuals in all societies, have mismated feet; that is, the two feet of probably no individual are exactly alike in size, shape, or proportions. This conclusion was based on the findings of a demographic foot-measurement survey embracing 6800 adults (4000 females, 2800 males), conducted in 1981-1982 by the Prescription Footwear Association. The findings may explain why the ideal or expectation of "perfect" shoe fit is virtually impossible, although they do not suggest that adequate or satisfactory shoe fit is not attainable in most instances involving so-called "normal" feet. They also indicate that a mild degree of "breaking in" is required with most new footwear, although never necessitating any distress. This article presents the methodology of the survey and foot measurements, along with the found data and their significance regarding the traditional processes of search of "proper" shoe fit and the obvious need for higher levels of professional shoe-fitting skills and service. The article also analyzes and discusses some little known or seldom considered complexities of shoe fit and the foot-shoe relationship that surfaces from this study, for example, the role of shoe design, shoe-sizing systems, consumer shoe-buying attitudes, and shoe materials, the four variable phases of shoe fit (static, weightbearing, functional, and thermal), and the availability of shoe sizes in stores.
Immunogenicity for CD8+ and CD4+ T Cells of 2 Formulations of an Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant for Multipeptide Melanoma Vaccines (2010)

An incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) commonly used in experimental cancer vaccines has recently been reformulated. Oleic acid used in the surfactant was purified from a vegetable source (olives, IFA-VG) rather than an animal source (beef tallow, IFA-AN). To provide an insight into the adjuvant properties of the new formulation, we reviewed T-cell responses, by enzyme-linked immunospot assay, to multipeptide vaccines in 2 sequential clinical trials that spanned this transition of adjuvants. Analyses included 194 patients who received either IFA-AN or IFA-VG for all vaccines, and a subset of 93 patients best matched by study arm for vaccine antigens (12 melanoma peptides restricted by major histocompatibility complex class I, 12MP; plus a tetanus helper peptide, tet) administered with IFA but without granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor. Inflammation was observed at vaccine sites clinically for almost all patients, even including ulceration in a subset with each IFA formulation. CD8 T-cell response rates to the 12 melanoma peptides were 53% [95% confidence interval (CI), 44%, 61%)] for IFA-AN and 46% [95% CI, 32%, 59%)] for IFA-VG. In the 93 patient subset, these rates were 73% [95% CI, 61%, 83%)] and 70% [95% CI, 47%, 87%)], respectively. CD4 T-cell responses to tetanus helper peptide were identified in 94% [95% CI, 86%, 98%)] and 96% [95% CI, 78%, 100%)], respectively. Responses to individual human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A1, A2, and DR associated peptides were largely preserved, but reactivity trended lower for some HLA-A3 associated peptides. Despite the necessarily retrospective nature of the analysis and limitations of multiple comparisons, our summary data support the use of IFA-VG as an adjuvant with multipeptide vaccines in melanoma patients.
GSK‐3β Phosphorylation of Cytoplasmic Dynein Reduces Ndel1 Binding to Intermediate Chains and Alters Dynein Motility (2015)

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) has been linked to regulation of kinesin-dependent axonal transport in squid and flies, and to indirect regulation of cytoplasmic dynein. We have now found evidence for direct regulation of dynein by mammalian GSK-3β in both neurons and non-neuronal cells. GSK-3β coprecipitates with and phosphorylates mammalian dynein. Phosphorylation of dynein intermediate chain (IC) reduces its interaction with Ndel1, a protein that contributes to dynein force generation. Two conserved residues, S87/T88 in IC-1B and S88/T89 in IC-2C, have been identified as GSK-3 targets by both mass spectrometry and site-directed mutagenesis. These sites are within an Ndel1-binding domain, and mutation of both sites alters the interaction of IC's with Ndel1. Dynein motility is stimulated by (i) pharmacological and genetic inhibition of GSK-3β, (ii) an insulin-sensitizing agent (rosiglitazone) and (iii) manipulating an insulin response pathway that leads to GSK-3β inactivation. Thus, our study connects a well-characterized insulin-signaling pathway directly to dynein stimulation via GSK-3 inhibition.
Salvage of a Failed Keller Resection Arthroplasty (2004)

Although it is more technically demanding, we recommend arthrodesis for salvage following a failed Keller procedure since it may be associated with a higher rate of patient satisfaction and better clinical results.
Biphasic expression and function of glucose dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster. (1983)

Glucose dehydrogenase (GO) was found to be expressed during the pupal stage in both sexes of Drosophila melanogaster, but is limited to the male ejaculatory duct at the adult stage. During copulation GO is transferred from males to females. Mutational analysis of the Go locus indicates that a single structural gene encodes the pupal and ejaculatory duct GO. Thus an example of an enzyme structural gene switching from non-sex-limited to sex-limited expression has been found. Go mutants are recessive lethals exhibiting a late pupal effective lethal phase. These mutants can be rescued by excising the anterior end of the pupal case 0-2 days prior to the normal adult emergence time. It appears that the function of GO in pupae is to aid in the degradation of the puparium cuticle in preparation for the eclosion of the adult.
A cooperative botnet profiling and detection in virtualized environment (2013)

Cloud security becomes an important topic in recent years, as to overcome the botnet in a virtualized environment is a critical task for the cloud providers. Although numerous intrusion detection systems are available, yet it is not practical to install IDS in every virtual machine. In this paper, we argue that a virtual machine monitor (VMM) can support certain security functions that our proposed design can actively collect information directly from the VMM without installing an agent in the guest OS. In addition, bot could not aware of the existence of such detection agent in the VMM. The proposed detection mechanism takes both passive and active detection approaches that the passive detection agent lies in the VMM to examine the tainted data used by a bot to check against bot behavior profiles and the active detection agent that performs active bot fingerprinting can actively send specific stimulus to a guest and examine if there exists expected triggered behavior. In the real-world bot experiments, we show the passive detection agent can distinguish between bots and benign process with low false positive and false negative rates. Also, the result shows the active detection agent can detect a bot even when before it performs its malicious jobs. The proposed mechanism suites an enterprise having cloud environment well to defeat malware.
Deriving test cases using class vectors (2002)

A classification trees is one method of generating test cases from specifications. It partitions the input domain into a number of classifications. A classification tree is created to depict the relationship among the classifications. Test cases are then derived from this tree. However, classification trees have a number of shortcomings. Their expressive power is limited by the tree structure. They also rely heavily on human decisions in selecting test cases. This paper introduces an alternative approach to the generation of test cases. We first define classifications and classes formally. Then, we analyze the relations among classes and classifications and express these relations as class vectors. Test cases are then derived from the Cartesian product of vector partitions. The expressive power of vectors is better than that of a tree structure, and hence can be applied in some systems where test cases are complicated. Furthermore, more of the information obtained in the specifications is utilized. Hence, the amount of human decision-making is minimized.
Olefin Polymerization by Late Transition Metal Complexes-A Root of Ziegler Catalysts Gains New Ground (2001)

Functional group tolerance and accessibility of unique microstructures are attractive features of olefin polymerization by late transition metal catalysts. Recent discovery of several new classes of highly active catalysts provide access to a range of new materials.
Structure, Hydrogen Storage, and Luminescence Properties of Three 3D Metal−Organic Frameworks with NbO and PtS Topologies (2008)

Three 3D multifunctional microporous metal−organic frameworks (MOFs), Cu2(ABTC)(H2O)2·(DMF)2(H2O) (JUC-62), Cd2(ABTC)(DMF)3·(DMF)2 (JUC-63), and Mn(H2ABTC)(DMF)2 (JUC-64) (H4ABTC = 3,3′,5,5′-azobenzenetetracarboxylic acid, DMF = N,N′-dimethylformamide, and JUC = Jilin University China) have been synthesized by self-assembly of a rigid tetra-carboxylate ligand H4ABTC and corresponding transition metal salts under mild conditions. X-ray crystallography reveals that their topologies are based on NbO (JUC-62) and PtS (JUC-63 and JUC-64) nets, constructed of 4-connected rectangular ABTC4− units with 4-connected square paddle-wheel Cu2(CO2)4(H2O)2 secondary building units (SBUs), tetrahedral bimetallic Cd2(CO2)4(DMF)3 SBUs, and tetrahedral monometallic Mn(CO2)4(DMF)3 SBUs, respectively. High-pressure hydrogen sorption of the activated JUC-62 reveals a type I profile at 77 K, which is saturated at 40 bar with a hydrogen uptake of about 4.71 wt%. Photoluminescence investigations reveal that JUC-62 and JUC-63 display strong main emission spectra peaks at 392 and 402 nm, respectively.
A quantitative model of ultraviolet matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (2002)

A quantitative model of primary ionization in ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (UV-MALDI) is presented. It includes not only photochemical processes such as exciton pooling, but also the effects of the desorption event. The interplay of these two is found to be a crucial aspect of the MALDI process. The desorbing plume is modeled as an adiabatic expansion with entrained clusters. The parameters in the model are defined as much as possible via experiment or by analogy with known effects. The model was applied to the matrix 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and found to reproduce the fluence dependence of the fluorescence yield and key features of the picosecond two-pulse ion generation efficiency curves. In addition, the model correctly predicts a fluence rather than irradiance threshold, the magnitude of the threshold, the magnitude of the ion yield, laser wavelength effects, plume temperatures, plume expansion velocities and the spot size effect.
Bits and bytes (1996)

The Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility (CPSR) has a new LISTSERV for uniting people all over the world who want to talk about issues involving computing and societal impact. The LISTSERV is predominately in English because it's the lingua franca of the Net. Issues being discussed include security, decency, privacy, law, national identification efforts, international communication, and matters of computer systems development. To join the discussion, write to listserv@cpsr.org with a blank subject line and the command SUBSCRIBE CPSR-GLOBAL Firstname Lastname, where Firstname and Lastname are replaced by your own first and last name.
RESTRAINT SYSTEM ELECTRONICS.. (1996)

SUBTITLE: SENSORS AND SENSOR SUBSYSTEMS WILL BE ADDED TO IMPROVE CRASH DETECTION AND ENABLE AUTOMATIC ADAPTATION OF THE RESTRAINT SYSTEM TO THE VEHICLE, ITS OCCUPANTS, AND THE CRASH SEVERITY.
Speech compression - recent advances and standardization (2002)

The field of speech compression has advanced rapidly due to cost-effective digital technology and diverse commercial applications. This paper is dedicated to the consideration of recent trends in the field of compression of 3.2 kHz narrowband speech from the point of view of wired, wireless and secure applications. The adopted standard speech compression algorithms in the mentioned subfields are emphasized. The final part is devoted to a comparative analysis of the modern speech compression techniques using the criteria: bit rate, quality of synthesized speech, delay and complexity. Some implementation aspects of the speech compression algorithm realization based on digital signal processors and VLSI chips are given at the end of the paper.