gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acute amino acid nephrotoxicity. (1983)

Previous clinical and experimental data suggest that a limited number of AAs with particular molecular characteristics can adversely affect renal function. The present investigation was conducted to better define the scope and the molecular basis of this nephrotoxicity. Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 31) undergoing a solute diuresis were subjected to 80 min infusions (125 mumol/kg/min) of cationic AAs (lysine, arginine), anionic AAs (glutamic acid, aspartic acid), or neutral AAs (alanine, glycine). Rats infused for 80 min with equimolar amounts of urea or dextrose served as controls (N = 8). GFR (Cioth) were measured 40 min before, during, and 140 min after these infusions. Albumin excretion rates were determined by radioimmunoassay. All AA infusates induced significant (p less than 0.001) reductions in GFR compared to the control infusates (cationic AAs: 62% +/- 4; anionic AAs: 57% +/- 5; neutral AAs: 33% +/- 1; controls: 8% +/- 4) (X +/- S.E.M.). However, only cationic AAs induced a significant increase in albumin excretion (360% +/- 72; p less than 0.001). AA-treated rats had histologic changes with mild tubular injury compared to control rats. These data indicate the following. (1) AAs have in common a nephrotoxic potential. (2) This nephrotoxicity arises, in part, from the nonvariable portion of AA molecules since glycine, which has no variable (R) group, induced a significant reduction in GFR (32% +/- 1). (3) The ability of AAs to decrease GFR is enhanced by certain R groups. However, R group charge is not a critical factor in producing this response. (4) AA-induced increments in albumin excretion and reductions in GFR must arise via independent mechanisms. Since AA infusions are commonly used in patients with ARF the possibility that such therapy might have a deleterious effect on renal function and on the subsequent recovery from ARF should be entertained.
Business process reengineering at Pacific Bell (1993)

The Strategic Information Systems Division of Pacific Bell supports the company's business process reengineeiing (BPR) efforts. The division developed an innovative process‐based cost/value analysis to quantify the costs incurred as well as the value added from the firm's activities. The analysis became an important tool for determining the value of information systems to BPR efforts.
Clinical Application of Bioartificial Liver Support Systems (2004)

Bioartificial liver therapy for bridging patients with ALF to liver transplantation or liver regeneration is promising. Its clinical value awaits further improvement of BAL devices, replacement of hepatocytes of animal origin by human hepatocytes, and assessment in controlled clinical trials.
Modeling Field Injectivity Tests and Implications for In Situ Stress Determination (2018)

Knowledge of underground stresses (e.g., minimum horizontal stress) is vital for many aspects of oil and gas development, such as wellbore stability evaluation, lost-circulation prediction, casing design, hydraulic-fracturing design, sand-production prediction, and reservoir-compaction evaluation. Field injectivity tests performed during drilling a well, such as the extended leak-off test (XLOT) and pump-in and flowback (PIFB) test, are the primary method for obtaining that information. In this study, a fully coupled fluid-flow and geomechanics model was developed for numerical simulation of field injectivity tests. The model takes into account key elements of the tests, including fluid flow into the well, hydraulic fracture propagation, fluid flow in the fracture, pore-fluid flow, and deformation of formation rock. The model is validated against an existing analytical model and a field test reported in the literature. Finally, numerical examples are shown for injectivity tests with pump-in, shut-in, and flowback stages in formations with high permeability and low permeability, respectively. The development of fracture geometry and injection pressure was quantified during the tests. The results show that the essential features of injectivity tests observed from field practices can be captured by the model. It is demonstrated that fluid leak-off on fracture surfaces can significantly influence pressure response and fracture behavior. The results also illustrate that the traditional method for interpretation of the test based on time development of injection pressure has difficulty in properly determining the minimum principal in situ stress in formations with low permeability because of limited leak-off. The model presented in this article provides a useful tool for optimizing the design of injectivity tests, ensuring sufficient and high-quality data, and aiding interpretation of the tests.
Activities of growth factors in preimplantation embryos (1993)

The development of the mammalian preimplantation embryo in vitro occurs more slowly and less successfully compared to development in the uterus. The fact that it can occur at all in a defined protein-free medium suggests that the process is autonomous. Accumulated evidence indicates that a number of peptide growth factors contribute in an autocrine fashion to preimplantation development. Other growth factors are maternally derived and act in a paracrine manner on the embryo. Some of these factors such as insulin-related factors stimulate growth preferentially, but others such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) play more important roles in differentiation. Several cytokines appear to be implicated in peri-implantation events and in maternal-fetal interactions. At this stage, the data are mostly descriptive. Are all these different growth factors and receptors necessary for early development? Some implications of apparent redundancy of gene expression are discussed and future studies are predicted.
Study on Ultra Lean Premixed CI Engine Fueled with Natural Gas (2000)

A homogeneous mixture of natural gas with an ignition additive of DME was used to a compression ignition engine. Experimental and analytic studies on the combustion, the engine performance and the exhaust characteristics were conducted for investigating the effects of equivalent ratio and intake air temperature. Results show that the engine can run over a wide range of load with low NOx emissions and the combustion can be controlled effectively by changing the proportions of natural gas and DME.
Derivatives of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene and related compounds. 6. Aminoalkyl derivatives of the aza isosteres (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDerivatives of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene and related compounds. 6. Aminoalkyl derivatives of the aza isosteresFrank J. Villani, Peter J. L. Daniels, Claire A. Ellis, Thomas A. Mann, Kai-Chih Wang, and Elizabeth A. WeferCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1972, 15, 7, 750–754Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00277a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00277a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views448Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An Efficient Strategy for Sequencing-by-Synthesis (2010)

Currently, the products of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) provide the templates for most of sequencing methods. RCA is a method for amplifying DNA. We report an approach for preparing sequencing templates based on rolling-circle amplification (RCA) to reduce the cost of sequencing when compared to the cost of conducting PCR. We describe a method using modified slides: acrylamide-modified slides, streptavidin-modified slides and aldehyde-modified slides. The products of RCA can be immobilized onto an acryl-modified slide surface. The Cy5-labeled deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) species are incorporated in extension reactions which can be read by determining the level of fluorescence. Then the fluorescence is deactivated using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as one of the oxidants. With the fluorescence deactivated, further extension and reading along the DNA chain is possible. Using this method, we successfully read a sequence of 27 bases. This strategy shows potential as a next-generation sequencing method.
In Situ Crystallographic Probing on Ameliorating Effect of Sulfide Additives and Carbon Grafting in Iron Electrodes (2015)

Beneficial effects of carbon grafting into the iron active material for rechargeable alkaline-iron-electrodes with and without Bi2S3 additive is probed by in situ X-ray diffraction in conjunction with Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) and electrochemistry. EXAFS data unravel that the composition of pristine active material (PAM) for iron electrodes comprises 87% of magnetite and 13% of α-iron while carbon-grafted active material comprises 60% of magnetite and 40% of α-iron. In situ XRD patterns are recorded using a specially designed electrochemical cell. XRD data reflect that magnetite present in PAM iron electrode, without bismuth sulfide additive, is not reduced during charging while PAM iron electrode with bismuth sulfide additive is partially reduced to α-Fe/Fe(OH)2. Interestingly, carbon-grafted-iron electrodes with bismuth sulfide exhibit complete conversion of active material to α-Fe/Fe(OH)2. The ameliorating effect of carbon grafting is substantiated by kinetic parameters obtained from steady-state potentiostatic polarization and Tafel plots. The mechanism for iron-electrode charge – discharge reactions are discussed in the light of the potential – pH diagrams for Fe – H2O, S – H2O and FeSads – H2O systems and it is surmised that carbon grafting into iron active material promotes its electrochemical utilization.
Chemical sensors based on ultrathin-film composite membranes - a new concept in sensor design (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical sensors based on ultrathin-film composite membranes - a new concept in sensor designBarbara. Ballarin, Charles J. Brumlik, Del R. Lawson, Wenbin. Liang, Leon S. Van Dyke, and Charles R. MartinCite this: Anal. Chem. 1992, 64, 21, 2647–2651Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00045a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00045a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views205Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Trailblazer (2009)

For blind web users, completing tasks on the web can be frustrating. Each step can require a time-consuming linear search of the current web page to find the needed interactive element or piece of information. Existing interactive help systems and the playback components of some programming-by-demonstration tools identify the needed elements of a page as they guide the user through predefined tasks, obviating the need for a linear search on each step. We introduce TrailBlazer, a system that provides an accessible, non-visual interface to guide blind users through existing how-to knowledge. A formative study indicated that participants saw the value of TrailBlazer but wanted to use it for tasks and web sites for which no existing script was available. To address this, TrailBlazer offers suggestion-based help created on-the-fly from a short, user-provided task description and an existing repository of how-to knowledge. In an evaluation on 15 tasks, the correct prediction was contained within the top 5 suggestions 75.9% of the time.
Calcium lability of cytoplasmic microtubules and its modulation by microtubule-associated proteins (1981)

Detergent-extracted BSC-1 monkey cells have been used as a model system to study the Ca(2+) sensitivity of in vivo polymerized microtubules under in vitro conditions. The effects of various experimental treatments were observed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Whereas microtubules are completely stable at Ca(2+) concentrations below 1 muM, Ca(2+) at greater than 1-4 muM induces microtubule disassembly that begins in the cell periphery and proceeds towards the cell center. At concentrations of up to 500 muM, both the pattern and time course of disassembly are not markedly altered, suggesting that, within this concentration range, Ca(2+) effects are catalytic rather than stoichiometric. Higher (millimolar) Ca(2+) concentration results in rapid destruction of microtubules. Of other divalent cations, only Sr(2+) has a slight depolymerizing effect, whereas millimolar Ba(2+), Mg(2+), or Mn(2+) is ineffective. Disassembly induced by micromolar Ca(2+) is inhibited by pharmacological agents known to bind to calmodulin and inhibit its function, suggesting that calmodulin mediates Ca(2+) effects. Both the addition of exogenous brain microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) after lysis and the retention of endogenous cellular MAPs normally extracted during the lysis step stabilize microtubules against the depolymerizing effect of micromolar Ca(2+). The results indicate that, in this model system, microtubules are sensitive to physiological Ca(2+) concentrations and that this sensitivity may be conferred by calmodulin associated with the microtubules. MAPs appear to have a modulating effect on microtubular Ca(2+) sensitivity and thus may function as a discriminating factor in cellular functions performed by calmodulin. It is hypothesized that Ca(2+)-stimulated microtubule disassembly depends on the relative amount of MAPs.
Spike sorting using non-volatile metal-oxide memristors (2017)

Electrophysiological techniques have improved substantially over the past years to the point that neuroprosthetics applications are becoming viable. This evolution has been fuelled by the advancement of implantable microelectrode technologies that have followed their own version of Moore's scaling law. Similarly to electronics, however, excessive data-rates and strained power budgets require the development of more efficient computation paradigms for handling neural data in-situ, in particular the computationally heavy task of events classification. Here, we demonstrate how the intrinsic analogue programmability of memristive devices can be exploited to perform spike-sorting. We then show how combining memristors with standard logic enables efficient in-silico template matching. Leveraging the physical properties of nanoscale memristors allows us to implement ultra-compact analogue circuits for neural signal processing at the power cost of digital.
OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF A TWISTED SMECTIC C (1975)

A mixture of bis-(4'-n-decyloxybenzal) 2-chloro-1-4-phenylenediamine (D.O.B.C.P.) and 5 % of cholesteryl cinnamate behaves optically in a way similar to cholesteric liquid crystals. Rotatory power and pitch have been measured. De Vries' theory written for the cholesteric phase can be applied, but agreement between experimental and theoretical values is less good for the twisted smectic C phase. It is necessary to know refractive indices of the chiral smectic C layer and to use these indices rather than refractive indices of the non chiral smectic C.
Current status of cord blood banking and transplantation in the United States and Europe (2001)

Cord blood (CB) transplantation has expanded the ability of the transplantation community to meet the growing needs of their patients. Clinical data over the last decade show promising results in CB transplantation using blood from related as well as unrelated donors. Basic science continues to look for ways to expand the quality and quantity of CB. CB banks are now established around the world, with major efforts to standardize banking to facilitate regulation, collection, processing, and distribution as a way of providing the highest-quality CB for patient use. This review article discusses the current status of CB transplantation and banking in the United States and Europe.
Semantic caching via query matching for web sources (1999)

A semantic caching scheme suitable for wrappers wrapping web sources is presented. Since the web sources have typically weaker querying capabilities than conventional databases, existing semantic caching schemes cannot be applied directly. A seamlessly integrated query translation and capability mapping between the wrappers and web sources in semantic caching is described. In addition, an analysis on the match types between the user's input query and cached queries is presented. Semantic knowledge acquired from the data can be used to avoid unnecessary access to the web sources by transforming the cache miss to the cache hit. A polynomial time algorithm based on the proposed query matching technique is presented to find the best matched query in the cache. Experimental results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed semantic caching scheme.
Packet throughput in slotted ALOHA DS/SSMA radio systems with random signature sequences (1992)

Packet throughput figures are obtained for direct sequence spread spectrum multiple access (DS/SSMA) slotted ALOHA radio systems where all users employ random signature sequences from bit-to-bit within all transmitted packets. These calculations use an improved Gaussian approximation technique which gives accurate bit error probabilities and also incorporates the effect of bit-to-bit error dependence within each packet in the multiaccess interference environment. Numerical results are given for packets which employ varying amounts of block error control, and a comparison is made with results obtained by other methods which ignore the effects of bit-to-bit error dependence within each packet in the multiaccess interference environment. Numerical results are given for packets which employ varying amount of block error control, and a comparison is made with results obtained by other methods which ignore the effects of bit-to-bit error and/or employ less-accurate Gaussian approximations to the probability of data bit error. Maximum throughput per unit bandwidth figures are calculated which compare favorably to similar figures for narrowband signaling techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Design of A Personal and Intelligent Pervasive-Commerce System Architecture (2006)

This paper studies the paradigm of pervasive commerce (p-commerce) and presents the design of a p-commerce system architecture which consists of e-commerce servers and store sensors. The architecture includes a personal device, PAM (Pervasive Activity Manager), that allows a user to interact with the smart e-commerce environment. PAM can be used to automatically collect sensor information, manage user preference and context, connect to servers and peers on the Web, conduct service checking and integration, and execute user transactions. Extended from traditional m-commerce devices, PAM is user-centric in the sense that it tries to help a user look for preferred products and find the best result for the user. It proactively conducts many context-aware operations in the background without user's explicit requests. We study the p-commerce system issues and define the capabilities to make such a device feasible. We also show shopping scenarios and present a simple PAM prototype using the PDA device available today
The effects of oxalate-containing products on the exposed dentine surface: an SEM investigation (2001)

In-office products containing oxalates have been claimed to be clinically effective in reducing dentine sensitivity, although there has been limited supporting clinical data. The rationale for their use appears to be based on their potential to act as occluding and/or nerve desensitizing agents. Four commercially available oxalate-containing products were applied to etched dentine discs and the extent of tubule occlusion was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Tenure Quick (aluminium oxalate), Sensodyne Sealant (ferric oxalate) and MS Coat (oxalic acid) covered the dentine surface and occluded the tubules. However, Butler Protect (potassium oxalate) did not cover the surface to any great extent but provided some occlusion. The presence of oxalates after application to glass slides and dentine discs was examined using thin film X-ray diffraction. From samples on glass, only potassium oxalate could be clearly identified (JCPDS 14-0845). No oxalate was detected on dentine discs in either thin film geometry or standard theta two theta mode. We have demonstrated that professionally applied in-office products containing oxalate are capable of covering the dentine surface and/or occluding the tubules to varying degrees. However, X-ray diffraction analysis was unable to confirm the oxalate profile for all products as described in the available commercial literature.