gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical assembly of the eggshell and permeability barrier in <i>C. elegans</i> (2012)

In metazoans, fertilization triggers the assembly of an extracellular coat that constitutes the interface between the embryo and its environment. In nematodes, this coat is the eggshell, which provides mechanical rigidity, prevents polyspermy, and is impermeable to small molecules. Using immunoelectron microscopy, we found that the Caenorhabditis elegans eggshell was composed of an outer vitelline layer, a middle chitin layer, and an inner layer containing chondroitin proteoglycans. The switch between the chitin and proteoglycan layers was achieved by internalization of chitin synthase coincident with exocytosis of proteoglycan-containing cortical granules. Inner layer assembly did not make the zygote impermeable as previously proposed. Instead, correlative light and electron microscopy demonstrated that the permeability barrier was a distinct envelope that formed in a separate step that required fatty acid synthesis, the sugar-modifying enzyme PERM-1, and the acyl chain transfer enzyme DGTR-1. These findings delineate the hierarchy of eggshell assembly and define key molecular mechanisms at each step.
Alendronate and Naproxen Are Synergistic for Development of Gastric Ulcers (2001)

Both alendronate and naproxen can cause gastric ulcers. The combination appears synergistic. Alendronate should be used with caution in those who simultaneously require nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
HARD SURFACE COATINGS BY ELECTRIC ARC SPRAYING (1988)

Thermal sprayed coatings are used extensively for the repair and rejuvenation of worn components. One of the most rapidly growing processes is electric arc spraying which provides strong, well bonded deposits at fast deposition rates but is limited in its range of coatings by the need for electrically conducting wires as feed material. This paper provides an overview of the thermal spraying processes currently in use and also shows the developments which have been made for the electric arc system in using a number of cored or hollow metal wires into which powders have been introduced.
Effects of the Variation of Angle of Incidence and Temperature on Infrared Filter Characteristics (1967)

The effects of the variation of angle of incidence and temperature on the characteristics of some typical ir filters are discussed. Collimated radiation, Lambertian radiation, and focused radiation, from a point source at infinity are considered and theoretical calculations of the wavelength shifts and bandwidth changes of three narrow bandpass filter designs are presented. Measurements were made of other filters irradiated by collimated radiation at various angles of incidence and good correlation exists between theoretical and measured data. Measured variation of the characteristics of some filters with temperature are also presented. Results indicate that the filters shift toward shorter wavelengths if either the angle of incidence is increased or temperature is decreased.
Polynomial Learning of Distribution Families (2010)

The question of polynomial learn ability of probability distributions, particularly Gaussian mixture distributions, has recently received significant attention in theoretical computer science and machine learning. However, despite major progress, the general question of polynomial learn ability of Gaussian mixture distributions still remained open. The current work resolves the question of polynomial learn ability for Gaussian mixtures in high dimension with an arbitrary fixed number of components. Specifically, we show that parameters of a Gaussian mixture distribution with fixed number of components can be learned using a sample whose size is polynomial in dimension and all other parameters. The result on learning Gaussian mixtures relies on an analysis of distributions belonging to what we call “polynomial families” in low dimension. These families are characterized by their moments being polynomial in parameters and include almost all common probability distributions as well as their mixtures and products. Using tools from real algebraic geometry, we show that parameters of any distribution belonging to such a family can be learned in polynomial time and using a polynomial number of sample points. The result on learning polynomial families is quite general and is of independent interest. To estimate parameters of a Gaussian mixture distribution in high dimensions, we provide a deterministic algorithm for dimensionality reduction. This allows us to reduce learning a high-dimensional mixture to a polynomial number of parameter estimations in low dimension. Combining this reduction with the results on polynomial families yields our result on learning arbitrary Gaussian mixtures in high dimensions.
Modeling and control of an epitaxial silicon deposition process with step disturbances (2002)

The Run by Run (RbR) Controller, which performs automated on-line optimization and control of VLSI processes, is considered. The RbR Controller combines statistical process control and feedback control to prescribe control responses which minimize the variation of the process output. It functions by adapting a model to the changing process and designing a new recipe based on the adapted model. The rapid mode of the controller responds to shifts in a process while the gradual mode responds to process drifts. To test the rapid and gradual modes, experiments were performed on a radiantly heated barrel epitaxy reactor. The performance of the reactor under control of the gradual mode was found to be superior to previous performance with no control action taken. The effects of step disturbances (shifts) on the epitaxy process were investigated, and it was found that the simplest approach to rapid mode (where the process model is adapted by changing only the constant term) would respond to these shifts in a constant stable manner.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Action Recognition in Video Sequences using Deep Bi-Directional LSTM With CNN Features (2017)

Recurrent neural network (RNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) have achieved great success in processing sequential multimedia data and yielded the state-of-the-art results in speech recognition, digital signal processing, video processing, and text data analysis. In this paper, we propose a novel action recognition method by processing the video data using convolutional neural network (CNN) and deep bidirectional LSTM (DB-LSTM) network. First, deep features are extracted from every sixth frame of the videos, which helps reduce the redundancy and complexity. Next, the sequential information among frame features is learnt using DB-LSTM network, where multiple layers are stacked together in both forward pass and backward pass of DB-LSTM to increase its depth. The proposed method is capable of learning long term sequences and can process lengthy videos by analyzing features for a certain time interval. Experimental results show significant improvements in action recognition using the proposed method on three benchmark data sets including UCF-101, YouTube 11 Actions, and HMDB51 compared with the state-of-the-art action recognition methods.
Review of periprosthetic osteolysis in total joint arthroplasty: An emphasis on host factors and future directions (2011)

Periprosthetic osteolysis is one of the leading causes of total joint revision procedures. If allowed to progress in the absence of radiographic diagnosis and/or proper medical treatment, osteolysis may result in aseptic loosening yielding failure of the implant and the need for complex revision arthroplasty. The purpose of this review was to assess the current understanding of periprosthetic osteolysis with an emphasis on host factors and future directions. A PubMed search was conducted using the following key words; osteolysis, periprosthetic osteolysis, osteolysis imaging. Pertinent articles, as it pertained to the outline of the review, were selected. Periprosthetic osteolysis stems from numerous risk factors. Osteolysis host characteristic risk factors include gender, body weight, and genetics. Current implant designs have reduced the incidence of this disease; however no current design has been able to replicate the in vivo characteristics and therefore development of wear particles continues to be seen. Advanced methods of imaging diagnosis are on the rise, however early imaging diagnosis is currently ineffective. Pharmacologic intervention appears to be a logical avenue for medical intervention, but no approved drug therapy to prevent or inhibit periprosthetic osteolysis is currently available. Although the rate of periprosthetic osteolysis seems to be decreasing with advances in implant design and increased knowledge of the biological process of wear particle induced osteolysis, the rapid increase in the total number of total joint arthroplasties over the next two decades means that better ways of detecting and treating periprosthetic osteolysis are greatly needed.
Diversity Embedded Streaming Erasure Codes (DE-SCo): Constructions and Optimality (2010)

Streaming erasure codes encode a source stream to guarantee that each source packet is recovered within a fixed delay at the receiver over a burst-erasure channel. This paper introduces diversity embedded streaming erasure codes (DE-SCo), that provide a flexible trade-off between the channel quality and receiver delay. When the channel conditions are good, the source stream is recovered with a low delay, whereas when the channel conditions are poor the source stream is still recovered, albeit with a larger delay. Information theoretic analysis of the underlying burst-erasure broadcast channel reveals that DE-SCo achieve the minimum possible delay for the weaker user, without sacrificing the performance of the stronger user. A larger class of multicast streaming erasure codes (MU-SCo) that achieve optimal tradeoff between rate, delay and erasure-burst length is also constructed.
Development of an Advanced Capillary Pumped Loop (1997)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Capillary Pumped Loops (CPL) are projected to be the primary heat transport device for the next generation spacecrafts and satellites. The major shortcoming of a traditional CPL system has been its inability to tolerate vapor and/or non-condensible gas (NCG) bubbles when they are present in the liquid side of the loop. The vapor/NCG bubbles ultimately caused the capillary pumps to fail. A novel CPL design concept, called Advanced CPL or A-CPL, was introduced to create deprime resistant capillary pumps. The main idea of the A-CPL was to generate a liquid flow through the capillary pump core to flush out vapor/NCG bubbles.</div>
CLE Peptides Control <i>Medicago truncatula</i> Nodulation Locally and Systemically    (2010)

The CLAVATA3/embryo-surrounding region (CLE) peptides control the fine balance between proliferation and differentiation in plant development. We studied the role of CLE peptides during indeterminate nodule development and identified 25 MtCLE peptide genes in the Medicago truncatula genome, of which two genes, MtCLE12 and MtCLE13, had nodulation-related expression patterns that were linked to proliferation and differentiation. MtCLE13 expression was up-regulated early in nodule development. A high-to-low expression gradient radiated from the inner toward the outer cortical cell layers in a region defining the incipient nodule. At later stages, MtCLE12 and MtCLE13 were expressed in differentiating nodules and in the apical part of mature, elongated nodules. Functional analysis revealed a putative role for MtCLE12 and MtCLE13 in autoregulation of nodulation, a mechanism that controls the number of nodules and involves systemic signals mediated by a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase, SUNN, which is active in the shoot. When MtCLE12 and MtCLE13 were ectopically expressed in transgenic roots, nodulation was abolished at the level of the nodulation factor signal transduction, and this inhibition involved long-distance signaling. In addition, composite plants with roots ectopically expressing MtCLE12 or MtCLE13 had elongated petioles. This systemic effect was not observed in transgenic roots ectopically expressing MtCLE12 and MtCLE13 in a sunn-1 mutant background, although nodulation was still strongly reduced. These results suggest multiple roles for CLE signaling in nodulation.
Interpersonal aspects of group dynamics and development in computer conferencing (1998)

Researchers and practitioners are beginning to realize the potential for interactive, group learning via computer conferencing. However, to take advantage of this potential for collaborative learning we need to understand how the technology affects human communication and interaction. Therefore, the main research objectives of this study were to identify and describe the characteristics and patterns of interpersonal interactions over time in asynchronous computer conferencing as they relate to group development.
To use group learning effectively we need a framework for understanding how groups develop. William Schutz' model of group development served as the basic guiding framework for the study (Schutz, 1958). He proposed that there are three phases of group development, each characterized by a predominant area of interpersonal interaction: the Inclusion phase, the Control phase, and the Affection phase. Schutz maintains that all groups, regardless of setting, follow the same pattern of interpersonal issues.
Data for the study consisted of computer transcripts from three separate weeks of the asynchronous communication in three distinct small groups in a graduate level course conducted solely through the conferencing system FirstClass$\sp\circler.$ Using a typology adapted from David Lundgren (1977), the messages were analyzed for interpersonal issues relating to group development. The findings were then compared to Schutz' model of group development and Lundgren's results from studies of face-to-face sensitivity groups.
The groups were remarkably similar in the proportion and direction of linear trends of the interpersonal issues indicating that there is, indeed, a pattern of group development similar to what Schutz described. When compared to those reported by Lundgren (1977), the trends were found to be comparable in direction of linear trend as well as relative proportions of the various interpersonal issues.
The results of this study suggest that people collaborating as a group via asynchronous computer conferencing have similar interpersonal issues, at comparable stages and proportions, as is reported for face-to-face groups.
Overview of the labour market [March 2003] (2003)

The latest figures on the labour market in Scotland are summarised. Over the last quarter, Labour Force Survey (LFS) data showed that employment increased by 9 thousand in the three months to November 2002, to 2,415 thousand - up 0.4 percent on the previous quarter level. Over the year to November 2002, employment increased by 24 thousand. The employment rate - as a percentage of the working age population in employment - increased to 74.5 per cent, up 0.4 percentage points on the previous quarter. The paper provides an account of quarterly LFS employment over a two-year period to November 2002.
CMOS: Front-End Electronics for Radiation Sensors (2015)

This book offers a comprehensive treatment of front-end electronics for radiation detection. It discusses the fundamental principles of signal processing for radiation detectors and describes circuits at the level of functional building blocks, omitting transistor-level implementation. It also covers important system-level topics commonly found in the world of front-end electronics for radiation sensors. The book develops the topics in detail, with a constant focus on practical problems. It also provides real implementation examples that offer insights and stimuli for more experienced engineers already working in the field.
What do insulin, estrogen, valproic acid, and TDZD-8 have in common?* (2005)

Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA Dr. Fink holds equity interest in Critical Therapeutics, Inc.
Nilpotent Bases for A Class of Non-Integrable Distributions with Applications to Trajectory Generation for Nonholonomic Systems (1994)

. This paper develops a constructive method for finding a nilpotent basis for a special class of smooth nonholonomic distributions. The main tool is the use of the Goursat normal form theorem which arises in the study of exterior differential systems. The results are applied to the problem of finding a set of nilpotent input vector fields for a nonholonomic control system, which can then used to construct explicit trajectories to drive the system between any two points. A kinematic model of a rolling penny is used to illustrate this approach. The methods presented here extend previous work using &quot;chained form&quot; and cast that work into a coordinate-free setting. 1. Introduction This work is motivated by the recent interest in trajectory generation for mechanical systems with nonholonomic constraints. Consider the problem of steering a mechanical system with n-dimensional configuration space M from an initial configuration x 0 to a final configuration x 1 , subject to a set of indep...
Unmanned Aircraft Systems for Rapid Near Surface Geophysical Measurements (2013)

This paper looks at some of the unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) options and deals with a magnetometer sensor system which might be of interest in conducting rapid near surface geophysical measurements. Few of the traditional airborne geophysical sensors are now capable of being miniaturized to sizes and payload within mini UAS limits (e.g. airborne magnetics, gamma ray spectrometer). Here the deployment of a fluxgate magnetometer mounted on an UAS is presented demonstrating its capability of detecting metallic materials that are buried in the soil. The effectiveness in finding ferrous objects (e.g. UXO, landslides) is demonstrated in a case study.
Developmental plasticity of CNS microglia (2001)

Microglia arise from CD45(+) bone marrow precursors that colonize the fetal brain and play a key role in central nervous system inflammatory conditions. We report that parenchymal microglia are uncommitted myeloid progenitors of immature dendritic cells and macrophages by several criteria, including surface expression of "empty" class II MHC protein and their cysteine protease (cathepsin) profile. Microglia express receptors for stem cell factor and can be skewed toward more dendritic cell or macrophage-like profiles in response to the lineage growth factors granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor or macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Thus, in contrast to other organs, where terminally differentiated populations of resident dendritic cells and/or macrophages outnumber colonizing precursors, the majority of microglia within the brain remain in an undifferentiated state.
T cell syncytia induced by HIV release T cell chemoattractants: demonstration with a newly developed single cell chemotaxis chamber (1998)

A chemotaxis chamber has been developed to analyze both the velocity and the directionality of individual T cells in gradients of high molecular mass molecules over long periods of time. Employing this chamber, it is demonstrated that syncytia induced by HIV in SUP-T1 cell cultures release two T cell chemoattractants with approximate molecular masses of 30 and 120 kDa. Neither uninfected single cells nor polyethylene glycol-induced syncytia release detectable chemoattractant, suggesting that these chemoattractants are linked to HIV infection. Soluble gp120 functions as a T cell chemoattractant and the addition of anti-gp120 antibody to syncytium-conditioned medium blocks the high molecular mass chemoattractant activity but not the low molecular mass activity. The addition of anti-CD4 antibody to syncytium-conditioned medium also blocks the high molecular mass chemoattractant activity but not the low molecular mass activity. These results demonstrate that HIV-induced T cell syncytia release a low and a high molecular mass T cell chemoattractant, and suggest that the high molecular mass factor is gp120 and that it functions through the CD4 receptor.
Incorporation of Ru<sub>2</sub>(O<sub>2</sub>C(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>6</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>into Extended Chains:  Interaction of Ru<sub>2</sub>(O<sub>2</sub>C(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>6</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>with Pyrazine, 4-Cyanopyridine, TCNE, and<i>p</i>-Benzoquinone (1997)

In attempts to form extended chains Ru(2)(O(2)C(CH(2))(6)CH(3))(4) (1) was reacted with both simple coordination and redox-active bridging ligands. The simple coordination ligands, pyrazine (pz) and 4-cyanopyridine (4-cp), coordinated in the axial sites of the diruthenium complex. With the symmetric ligand pyrazine, the polymer [1(pz)](n)() was isolated. With the asymmetric ligand 4-cp, the pyridine nitrogen coordinated preferentially and the bis-adduct 1(4-cp)(2) was isolated. Solution UV/visible and NMR studies indicated that pi-interactions between the Ru-Ru pi and ligand pi orbitals were occurring in both cases. Mole ratio and continuous variation studies of 1 with pyrazine and 4-cp indicated that these axial ligands were labile and that a number of solution species existed. When 1 was reacted with TCNE, redox reactions occurred. Solid-state IR and solution NMR studies also showed that both 1(TCNE) (2) and [1](2)TCNE (3) contained diruthenium carboxylate cores which no longer possessed the D(4)(h)() paddle-wheel geometry. With p-benzoquinone, redox reactions occurred upon coordination to give [1(+)][SQ(-)(*)] (4), which contained an undisrupted oxidized diruthenium tetracarboxylate core. Formation of 4 was reversible in solution, with 1 and p-benzoquinone being favored at higher temperatures.
Crosslinking of sodium caseinate by a microbial transglutaminase (1998)

Sodium caseinate is an effective substrate for transglutaminase. Crosslinking takes place at fast reaction rates resulting in high degrees of crosslinking. The polymers can be hydrolysed by trypsin, but the proteolysates contain residual portions of non- or partlyhydrolysed aggregates. Crosslinking of hydrolysed sodium caseinate decreased the number of free amino groups, but leads only to a very small increase in molecular weight of the peptides.
Characterization of the virE locus of Agrobacterium tumefaciens plasmid pTiC58 (1987)

The virE locus that is responsible for the efficiency of infection by Agrobacterium tumefaciens (T. Hirooka and C. Kado, J. Bacteriol. 168:237-243, 1986) is located next to the right boundary of the virulence (Vir) region of the nopaline plasmid pTiC58. This locus is very similar to the virE locus of octopine type Ti plasmids on the basis of nucleotide and amino acid sequence comparisons as well as genetic complementation analyses. The nucleotide sequence of virE revealed three open reading frames, arranged as an operon, with a potential coding capacity for proteins of 9, 7.1, and 63.5 kilodaltons. The promoter region of virE was analyzed by using gene fusions to promoterless cat and lux genes. Two different promoters were detected, one which operates in A. tumefaciens and one which operates in Escherichia coli. virE is transcribed from left to right toward the T region. In A. tumefaciens, the expression of virE was induced by acetosyringone and required the presence of pTiC58.