gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic Labelling and BI-RADS Characterisation of Mammogram Densities (2005)

Intelligent management of medical data is an important field of research in clinical information and decision support systems. Such systems are finding increasing use in the management of patients known to have, or suspected of having, breast cancer. Different types of breast-tissue patterns convey semantic information which is reported by the radiologist when reading mammograms. In this paper, a novel method is presented for the automatic labelling and characterisation of mammographic densities. The presented method is first concerned with the identification of the prominent structures in each mammogram. Subsequently, "dense tissue" is labelled in a mammogram data set, and BI-RADS classification is performed based on a 2D pdf that is contracted from a "ground truth" data set as well as a shape analysis framework. The presented method can be used in large-scale epidemiological studies which involve mammographic measurements of tissue-pattern, especially since breast-tissue density has been linked to an increased risk of breast cancer.
Development of a control system for an omni-directional vehicle with step-climbing ability (2005)

This paper proposes a control method for wheels to pass over rough terrain. In our previous work, we have developed a holonomic mobile mechanism capable of running over steps. The mechanism realizes omni-directional motion on a flat floor and passes over uneven ground in forward and backward directions. The vehicle has seven special wheels with cylindrical free rollers and two passive body axes that can adapt to rough terrain. Seven actuators are located in each wheel; therefore, our vehicle system requires the rotation velocity of each wheel to be coordinated. However, it is difficult to keep such coordination among the wheels — as the vehicle passes over the step, the load applied to the wheel tends to heavy and irregular. Therefore, we propose a new control system for synchronization among the wheels. In this paper, the following two topics are discussed: the load adjustment so as not to exceed the maximum torque of the actuator in some of the wheels and keeping the balance of rotation velocity among the wheels. Our novel control method adjusts the output value by referring to the state of the other wheels. The performance of our system is investigated by means of computer simulations and experiments using our prototype vehicle.
Electrical Measurements on Aircraft-Engine Ignition Circuits (1946)

A method of measuring ignition voltages with a cathode-ray oscillograph is described. Magneto and spark-plug voltage oscillograms covering several consecutive firing pulses were taken on a complete aircraft magneto ignition system under several engine operating conditions. Oscillograms taken with spark plugs firing in air show differences when compared with engine tests. An improved electronic oscillograph has been developed which is well adapted for ignition measurements.
Variable structure model-reaching control strategy for robot manipulators (2003)

A control strategy named model-reaching control is applied to control the motion of robot manipulators. It is proposed to achieve this goal using the theory of dynamic variable-structure systems. For this purpose a dynamic compensator is introduced, forming the switching function such that the dimension of the sliding mode equals that of the manipulator system. The resulting motions of the system reach and stay on the desired motion of an ideal model. In this manner, good dynamic performance of the sliding mode can be prescribed. Several reaching strategies are proposed to steer the trajectory towards the sliding manifold. The associated reaching conditions are specified such that the desired motion of the model can be reached in a finite interval of time. A variety of algorithms are recommended to govern the rate of reaching the model while satisfying the reaching conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Persistent high BAL fluid granulocyte activation marker levels as early indicators of bronchiolitis obliterans after lung transplant (1999)

The major cause of mortality in the long-term in lung transplant recipients is chronic rejection. This is a fibroproliferative process in the small airways leading to obliterative bronchiolitis and progressive loss of lung function, both constituting the clinical entity bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). Granulocyte activation has been implicated as one factor behind BOS. Granulocyte markers in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were prospectively and longitudinally studied in order to identify possible association with BOS. BAL fluid from 266 bronchoscopy procedures performed in twelve single lung, eight bilateral lung and five heart/lung transplant recipients were analysed. The majority (19 of 25) were studied for a period of 2 yrs after surgery. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels were used as indirect markers of activation and attraction of granulocytes. Five patients developed BOS. Ninety-eight episodes of acute rejection, nine of bacterial infection, 19 of cytomegalovirus pneumonitis, nine of Pneumocystis carinii infection, two of aspergillus infection and two of respiratory syncytial virus infection were diagnosed. BOS patients had significantly higher mean levels of MPO, ECP and IL-8 compared to patients without BOS, irrespective of acute rejection status. Over time, the five patients with BOS had significantly elevated BAL fluid levels of MPO and ECP as well as neutrophil percentages, and in four patients this increase preceded the clinical diagnosis of BOS by several months. Elevated bronchoalveolar lavage fluid neutrophil percentage as well as levels of the granulocyte activation markers myeloperoxidase and eosinophil cationic protein appear to be early signs of development of BOS in lung transplant recipients.
Geologic summer school to train-tour Canada (1927)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGeologic summer school to train-tour CanadaScience Service Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1927, 4, 5, 637Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1927Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 May 1927Published inissue 1 May 1927https://doi.org/10.1021/ed004p637.3Request reuse permissions Article Views14Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (750 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gender Patterns in Science Course Enrollment and Course Drop Patterns in an Iowa Senior High School (1995)

In order to ascertain whether local patterns corresponded to the national trends, which show fewer female and minority students enrolling in and completing high school physical science courses, the Cedar Rapids Community School District studied the course enrollment and drop patterns of seniors in one of the District high schools. Male students predominated in physics and AP Chemistry, and the proportion of males in AP Physics was significantly greater than the proportion of females. The proportion of females in chemistry was significantly greater than their proportion in the senior class. Course dropping patterns revealed a statistically significant relationship between gender and course dropping, as well as in course completion. As a result of these findings, intervention strategies have been implemented to increase female students' persistence in science course completion.
Oxidation of Nanomolar Levels of Fe(II) with Oxygen in Natural Waters (2005)

The oxidation of Fe(II) by molecular oxygen at nanomolar levels has been studied using a UV-Vis spectrophotometric system equipped with a long liquid waveguide capillary flow cell. The effect of pH (6.5-8.2), NaHCO3 (0.1-9 mM), temperature (3-35 degrees C), and salinity (0-36) on the oxidation of Fe(II) are presented. The first-order oxidation rates at nanomolar Fe(II) are higher than the values at micromolar levels at a pH below 7.5 and lower than the values at a higher pH. A kinetic model has been developed to consider the mechanism of the Fe(II) oxidation and the speciation of Fe(II) in seawater, the interactions between the major ions, and the oxidation rates of the different Fe(II) species. The concentration of Fe(II) is largely controlled by oxidation with O2 and O2.- but is also affected by hydrogen peroxide that may be both initially present and formed from the oxidation of Fe(II) by superoxide. The model has been applied to describe the effect of pH, concentration of NaHCO3, temperature, and salinity on the kinetics of Fe(II) oxidation. At a pH over 7.2, Fe(OH)2 is the most important contributing species to the apparent oxidation rate. At high levels of CO3(2-) and pH, the Fe(CO3)2(2-) species become important. At pH values below 7, the oxidation rate is controlled by Fe2+. Using the model, log k(i) values for the most kinetically active species (Fe2+, Fe(OH)+, Fe(OH)2, Fe(CO3), and Fe(CO3)2(2-)) are given that are valid over a wide range of temperature, salinity, and pH in natural waters. Model results showthatwhen H2O2 concentrations approach the Fe(II) concentrations used in this study, the oxidation of Fe(II) with H2O2 also needs to be considered.
Autologous Growth Factor Injections in Chronic Tendinopathy (2014)

Strong evidence indicates that autologous growth factor injections do not improve plantar fasciopathy pain or function when combined with anesthetic agents or when compared with corticosteroid injections, dry needling, or exercise therapy treatments. Furthermore, limited evidence suggests that PRP injections are beneficial. Except for 2 high-quality RCT studies, the rest were methodologically flawed. Additional studies should be conducted using proper control groups, randomization, blinding, and validated disability outcome measures for pain and function. Until then, the results remain speculative because autologous whole-blood and PRP injection treatments are not standardized.
High-power operation of a transverse-mode stabilised AlGaInp visible light (λ <sub> <i>L</i> </sub> = 683 nm) semiconductor laser (1987)

Continuous-wave (CW), stable fundamental-mode operation, up to 20 mW, was achieved with transverse-mode stabilised MOVPE-grown AlGaInP visible-light (λL = 683 nm) lasers. The CW threshold current was 67 mA and the external quantum efficiency was 41%. Up to 27 mW CW power was obtained from this laser diode.
Detecting similar Java classes using tree algorithms (2006)

Similarity analysis of source code is helpful during development to provide, for instance, better support for code reuse. Consider a development environment that analyzes code while typing and that suggests similar code examples or existing implementations from a source code repository. Mining software repositories by means of similarity measures enables and enforces reusing existing code and reduces the developing effort needed by creating a shared knowledge base of code fragments. In information retrieval similarity measures are often used to find documents similar to a given query document. This paper extends this idea to source code repositories. It introduces our approach to detect similar Java classes in software projects using tree similarity algorithms. We show how our approach allows to find similar Java classes based on an evaluation of three tree-based similarity measures in the context of five user-defined test cases as well as a preliminary software evolution analysis of a medium-sized Java project. Initial results of our technique indicate that it (1) is indeed useful to identify similar Java classes, (2)successfully identifies the ex ante and ex post versions of refactored classes, and (3) provides some interesting insights into within-version and between-version dependencies of classes within a Java project.
Alma 39: A Model for Teaching Morality (2001)

As a seminary teacher, I had the opportunity one year to teach a class that consisted mostly of non–Latter-day Saint teenagers. Early in the course of study, the occasion to teach the law of chastity arose. While preparing for the class, I realized I was not sure how these students currently felt about the law of chastity. I decided I could teach them best if I first assessed their feelings and values concerning the subject. To do so, I began the class by drawing a value continuum on the chalkboard. I drew a long horizontal line across the board and on one end wrote the number “1.” On the other end, I wrote the number “100.” In the middle of the line, I wrote “50.” Over the number “1,” I wrote what I thought was a small sin, “Stealing Gum” from the store. On the other end of the continuum over the “100,” I wrote what I hoped they would recognize as a serious sin, “Murder,” as shown
A study of cocurrent downflow of nonfoaming gas-liquid systems in a packed bed. 2. Pressure drop: search for a correlation (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA study of cocurrent downflow of nonfoaming gas-liquid systems in a packed bed. 2. Pressure drop: search for a correlationGuray TosunCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1984, 23, 1, 35–39Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1984https://doi.org/10.1021/i200024a007RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views205Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (467 KB) Get e-Alerts
Second-harmonic generation with the GaAs laser (1970)

The second harmonic of pulsed GaAs injection lasers was generated with the nonlinear crystal α-iodic acid (HIO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> ) phase matched by angular tuning. The injection laser was operated with an external cavity, and the HIO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> crystal was placed inside the cavity to increase the conversion efficiency. The maximum harmonic power observed was 15 μW with a fundamental power of 4.5 watts inside the cavity. Since the lasing bandwidth was typically 30 Å and the calculated bandwidth for collinear harmonic generation was only 6.3 Å, a grating was used to narrow the lasing bandwidth to 3 Å. The expected large increase in harmonic power did not occur. It is shown that this is due to sum-frequency generation by laser modes lying outside the harmonic bandwidth. It is also found that the spectral width of the harmonic becomes bigger than the collinear bandwidth when a divergent laser beam is used.
Development of Atmospheric Tracer Methods To Measure Methane Emissions from Natural Gas Facilities and Urban Areas (1995)

A new, integrated methodology to locate and measure methane emissions from natural gas systems has been developed. Atmospheric methane sources are identified by elevated ambient CH4 concentrations measured with a mobile laser-based methane analyzer. The total methane emission rate from a source is obtained by simulating the source with a sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer gas release and by measuring methane and tracer concentrations along downwind sampling paths using mobile, real-time analyzers. Combustion sources of methane are distinguished from noncombustion sources by concurrent ambient carbon dioxide measurements. Three variations on the tracer ratio method are described for application to (1) small underground vaults, (2) aboveground natural gas facilities, and (3) diffuse methane emissions from an entire town. Results from controlled releases and from replicate tests demonstrate that the tracer ratio approach can yield total emission rates to within approximately ±15%. The estimated accuracy of emission estimates for urban areas with a variety of diffuse emissions is ±50%. © 1995, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Distinctive Patterns of Medical Care Utilization in Patients Who Somatize (2006)

We identified 7 discrete patterns of medical care utilization that distinguished somatizing and nonsomatizing patients. However, they did so with only modest specificity and sensitivity. This algorithm might be used effectively as the first step in a 2-step screening procedure whose second step would entail more intensive screening or individual, case-by-case review to identify somatizing patients in primary care practice.
Biological amine transport in chromaffin ghosts. Coupling to the transmembrane proton and potential gradients. (1979)

The effect of the transmembrane proton gradient (delta pH) and potential gradient (delta psi) upon the rate and extent of amine accumulation was investigated in chromaffin ghosts. The chromaffin ghosts were formed by hypo-osmotic lysis of isolated bovine chromaffin granules and extensive dialysis in order to remove intragranular binding components and dissipate the endogenous electrochemical gradients. Upon ATP addition to suspensions of chromaffin ghosts, a transmembrane proton gradient alone, a transmembrane gradient alone, or both, could be established, depending upon the compositions of the media in which the ghosts were formed and resuspended. When chloride was present in the medium, addition of ATP resulted in the generation of a transmembrane proton gradient, acidic inside of 1 pH unit (measured by [14C]methylamine distribution), and no transmembrane potential (measured by [14C]-thiocyanate distribution). When ATP was added to chromaffin ghosts suspended in a medium in which chloride was substituted by isethionate, a transmembrane potential, inside positive, of 45 mV and no transmembrane proton gradient, was measured. In each medium, the addition of agents known to affect proton or potential gradients, respectively, exerted a predictable mechanism of action. Accumulation of [14C]epinephrine or [14C]5-hydroxytryptamine was over 1 order of magnitude greater in the presence of the transmembrane proton gradient or the transmembrane potential than in the absence of any gradient and, moreover, was related to the magnitude of the proton or potential gradient in a dose-dependent manner. When ghosts were added to a medium containing chloride and isethionate, both a delta pH and delta psi could be generated upon addition of ATP. In this preparation, the maximal rate of amine accumulation was observed. The results indicate that amine accumulation into chromaffin ghosts can occur in the presence of either a transmembrane proton gradient, or a transmembrane potential gradient, and that the maximal rate of accumulation may exist when both components of the protonmotive force are present.
A Novel Version of the Microwave-Coupled Hollow Cathode Lamp for Atomic Emission Spectrometry (1987)

A new model of the microwave-boosted hollow cathode lamp has been devised, giving considerable improvement in the coupling efficiency of the two types of discharges. For this to be achieved, a resonant cavity is interposed between the cathodic and anodic blocks of the demountable tube, causing the microwave field to interact with the plasma inside the cathode. The performance of this potentiated lamp has been tested discharging a number of elements (Al, C, Cu, Fe, Mo and Ni). In all instances there was a significant increase in intensity of the emitted spectra, together with a noticeable diminution of background; thus signal-to-background ratios of even two orders of magnitude higher than those obtainable by conventional hollow cathode discharge lamps were achieved. An additional advantage of this combined lamp is its high stability of operation.
247 Nonlinear Dyanmics of Microcantilever Probe (2009)

Recently, there is a high expectaion for biological samples to be observed in liquid by the use of Atomic Force Microscopes (AFM). However, viscous damping makes it difficult to observe the samples in liquid using conventional methods. Moreover, it is required that a cantilever oscillates with a small amplitude to prevent the contact between the cantilever and the samples. In this research, we proposed a microcantilever which behaves as van der Pol oscillator. Then, we realized a self-excited oscillation with a small steady state amplitude.
Delimitation of essential genes of cassava latent virus DNA 2 (1988)

Insertion and deletion mutagenesis of both extended open reading frames (ORFs) of cassava latent virus DNA 2 destroys infectivity. Infectivity is restored by coinoculating constructs that contain single mutations within different ORFs. Although frequent intermolecular recombination produces dominant parental-type virus, mutants can be retained within the virus population indicating that they are competent for replication and suggesting that rescue can occur by complementation of trans acting gene products. By cloning specific fragments into DNA 1 coat protein deletion vectors we have delimited the DNA 2 coding regions and provide substantive evidence that both are essential for virus infection. Although a DNA 2 component is unique to whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses, the results demonstrate that neither coding region is involved solely in insect transmission. The requirement for a bipartite genome for whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses is discussed.
Handbook of Simplified Solid State Circuit Design (1971)

Handbook of simplified solid-state circuit design , Handbook of simplified solid-state circuit design , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی