gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Binding of a Phosphoprotein to the 3' Untranslated Region of the Mouse Protamine 2 mRNA Temporally Represses its Translation (1993)

The synthesis of the protamines, the predominant nuclear proteins of mammalian spermatozoa, is regulated during germ cell development by mRNA storage for about 7 days in the cytoplasm of differentiating spermatids. Two highly conserved sequences, the Y and H elements present in the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of all known mammalian protamine mRNAs, form RNA-protein complexes and specifically bind a protein of 18 kDa. Here, we show that translation of fusion mRNAs was markedly repressed in reticulocyte lysates supplemented with a mouse testis extract enriched for the 18-kDa protein when the mRNAs contained the 3' UTR of mouse protamine 2 (mP2) or the Y and H elements of mP2. No significant decrease was seen when the fusion mRNAs contained the 3' UTR of human growth hormone. The 18-kDa protein is developmentally regulated in male germ cells, requires phosphorylation for RNA binding, and is found in the ribonucleoprotein particle fractions of a testicular postmitochondrial supernatant. We propose that a phosphorylated 18-kDa protein plays a primary role in repressing translation of mP2 mRNA by interaction with the highly conserved Y and H elements. At a later stage of male gamete differentiation, the 18-kDa protein no longer binds to the mRNA, likely as a result of dephosphorylation, enabling the protamine mRNA to be translated.
Mobile agent network for supporting personal mobility (2002)

Needs and interests of the personal mobility have been increasing, because of the rapid development of wireless communication technologies and computer networks. Telecommunication sectors have made a lot of efforts to provide the personal mobility resulting in the development of PCN (Personal Communication Networks) or UPT (Universal Personal Telecommunications) services. However, the mobility service in the Internet has been mainly focused on the host mobility such as Mobile IF, while the personal mobility has been neglected relatively. In this paper, the agent network, the virtual network mapped onto physical networks, is proposed to support the personal mobility on the Internet. Mobile agent technology is adopted to build the agent network. The agent engine is designed and implemented with Java, and the Agent/Servant architecture is suggested to complement restrictions of Java applets.
Molecular mechanisms regulating dissociation of cell–cell junction of epithelial cells by oxidative stress (2009)

Oxidative stress is regarded as a causative factor in aging and various degenerative diseases. Here, we show the mechanism by which oxidative stress induces disruption of cell-cell junctions using retinal pigment epithelial cells. We demonstrated that reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated activation of Src kinase increases the tyrosine phosphorylation state of p120-catenin and rapidly triggers translocation of p120-catenin and internalization of N-cadherin from the cell-cell adhesion sites to an early endosomal compartment. Endosomal accumulation of p120-catenin resulted in stress fiber formation and cell-cell dissociation through the activation of Rho/Rho kinase pathway. However, these cytoskeletal remodeling and cell-cell dissociation induced by oxidative stress were transient, due to the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD). Using the NF-kappaB specific inhibitor DHMEQ, we found that NF-kappaB is part of a negative feedback loop to control intracellular ROS levels. Finally, we demonstrated that H(2)O(2) treatment alone does not induce the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in retinal pigment epithelial cells, which can be induced by TNF-alpha treatment. These findings suggest that oxidative stress is a crucial factor to induce the cell-cell dissociation, an initial step of EMT, but does not provide sufficient signals to establish and to maintain the EMT.
A New Construction of Signature Waveforms for Synchronous CDMA Systems (2005)

We consider synchronous code-division multiple access (CDMA) systems over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel, where all users are divided into groups of small size. The signature waveforms for users in each group are constructed from the same signature sequence but with different chip waveforms. To minimize the multiple access interference (MAI) at the output of the correlators, Welch-bound-equality (WBE) sequences and chip waveforms having optimal correlation property are employed. The main idea behind the proposed construction is to suppress the inter-group interference from users in different groups as much as possible (even to remove it completely) at the expense of introducing the intra-group interference among the users in the same group. The intra-group interference, however, can be easily handled by a low-complexity, optimal (or suboptimal) multiuser detector(s) if the group size is kept small enough. As special cases, the proposed constructions correspond to the optimal design of the signature waveforms and the conventional system that uses a single chip waveform, respectively. Thus the proposed construction offers a flexibility to trade performance for complexity. In particular, it is demonstrated that, while the conventional system's error performance is very sensitive to even a small amount of overload, the proposed system with two users per group can have up to 100% overload with an excellent error performance.
Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus does not increase the striatal dopamine concentration in parkinsonian humans (2002)

Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) has become an effective treatment option in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent animal studies showed an increase of neuronal firing in dopaminergic neurons under effective STN-DBS. Increased striatal dopamine levels may also contribute to the stimulation's mechanism of action in humans. We investigated the striatal dopamine release in 6 patients with advanced PD under effective bilateral STN-DBS with positron emission tomography (PET) of the reversible dopamine-D2/3-receptor ligand [(11)C]raclopride (RACLO). Although STN-DBS proved to be a highly effective treatment in these subjects, we found no significant difference of the striatal RACLO binding between the STN-DBS-on and -off condition. The changes of radioligand binding did not correlate with the patients' improvement in clinical rating scales or with the stimulation amplitudes. Therefore, our PET data in living parkinsonian humans do not provide evidence for an increased striatal dopamine concentration under effective STN-DBS. We conclude that the modulation of dopaminergic activity does not seem to play a crucial role for the stimulation's mechanisms of action in parkinsonian humans.
Ultrasound affects distribution of plasminogen and tissuetype plasminogen activator in whole blood clots in vitro (2004)

Summary Ultrasound of 2 MHz frequency and 1.2 W/cm2 acoustic intensity was applied to examine the effect of sonication on recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA)-induced thrombolysis as well as on the distribution of plasminogen and t-PA within whole blood clots in vitro. Thrombolysis was evaluated quantitatively by measuring clot weight reduction and the level of fibrin degradation product D-dimer (FDP-DD) in the supernatant. Weight reduction in the group of clots treated both with ultrasound and rt-PA was 35.2% ± 6.9% which is significantly higher (p<0.0001) than in the group of clots treated with rt-PA only (19.9% ± 4.3%). FDP-DD level in the supernatants of the group treated with ultrasound and rt-PA increased sevenfold compared to the group treated with rt-PA alone, (14895 ± 2513 ng/ml vs. 2364 ± 725 ng/ml). Localization of fibrinolytic components within the clots was accomplished by using gel-entrapping technique and immunohistochemistry. Spatial distributions of t-PA and plasminogen showed clearly that ultrasound promoted the penetration of rt-PA into thrombi significantly (p<0.0001), and broadened the zone of lysis from 8.9 ± 2.6 µm to 21.2 ± 7.2 µm. We speculate that ultrasound enhances thrombolysis by affecting the distribution of rt-PA within the clot.
Comparison of methods for detection and enumeration of airborne microorganisms collected by liquid impingement (1996)

Bacterial agents and cell components can be spread as bioaerosols, producing infections and asthmatic problems. This study compares four methods for the detection and enumeration of aerosolized bacteria collected in an AGI-30 impinger. Changes in the total and viable concentrations of Pseudomonas fluorescens in the collection fluid with respect to time of impingement were determined. Two direct microscopic methods (acridine orange and BacLight) and aerodynamic aerosol-size spectrometry (Aerosizer) were employed to measure the total bacterial cell concentrations in the impinger collection fluid and the air, respectively. These data were compared with plate counts on selective (MacConkey agar) and nonselective (Trypticase soy agar) media, and the percentages of culturable cells in the collection fluid and the bacterial injury response to the impingement process were determined'. The bacterial collection rate was found to be relatively unchanged during 60 min of impingement. The aerosol measurements indicated an increased amount of cell fragments upstream of the impinger due to continuous bacterial nebulization. Some of the bacterial clusters, present in the air upstream of the impinger, deagglomerated during impingement, thus increasing the total bacterial count by both direct microscopic methods. The BacLight staining technique was also used to determine the changes in viable bacterial concentration during the impingement process. The percentage of viable bacteria, determined as a ratio of BacLight live to total counts was only 20% after 60 min of sampling. High counts on Trypticase soy agar indicated that most of the injured cells could recover. On the other hand, the counts from the MacConkey agar were very low, indicating that most of the cells were structurally damaged in the impinger. The comparison of data on the percentage of injured bacteria obtained by the traditional plate count with the data on percentage of nonviable bacteria obtained by the BacLight method showed good agreement.
Multitask Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks via Spatiotemporal Data Mining (2012)

Recently, compressive sensing (CS) and spectrum sensing have been two hot topics in the signal processing and cognitive radio network (CRN) fields, respectively. Due to the sampling rate limitation of the analog-to-digital converter in spectrum-sensing circuits, some works have proposed integrating these two techniques to achieve low-overhead spectrum sensing in CRNs. These works aim to minimize spectrum reconstruction errors based on linear regression methods, and <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\ell_{1}$</tex></formula> -norm is typically used to make a tradeoff between spectrum sparseness and reconstruction accuracy. However, since the interference range of primary users is limited, multiple clusters in the CRN may not share a common sparse spectrum, and thus, the <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\ell_{1}$</tex></formula> -norm may not be appropriate to handle all clusters in CS inversion. Hence, we propose a novel multitask spectrum-sensing method based on spatiotemporal data mining methods. In each cluster, we assume that the spectrum sensing is executed in a synchronized way. The cluster head (CH) manages the operations, and a common sparseness hyperparameter is used to make a consensus decision. Among multiple clusters, synchronized CS sampling is not required in our scheme; instead, the Dirichlet process prior is employed to make an automatic grouping of the spectrum-sensing results among different clusters with a common sparseness hyperparameter shared inside each group. To exploit the time-domain relevance among consecutive CS observations, a hidden Markov model is employed to describe the relationship between the hidden subcarrier states and the consecutive CS observations, and the Viterbi algorithm is used to make an accurate spectrum decision for each secondary user. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm can successfully exploit the spatiotemporal relationship to achieve higher spectrum-sensing performance in terms of normalized mean square error, probability of correct detection, and probability of false alarm, compared with a few other related works.
A novel microminiaturized aspherical lens with a high numerical aperture [optical storage] (2003)

Developed the new production method of the small-sized lens with the excellent characteristic of the mold lens process. The NA0.65 lens with the effective diameter of 0.221 mm was successfully fabricated. It was confirmed that this production method is suitable for a small diameter lens. Furthermore this method can be applied to higher numerical aperture lenses, and makes it possible to manufacture a number of lenses simultaneously.
The Internet of Things: Building Trust and Maximizing Benefits Through Consumer Control (2014)

This chapter addresses the privacy and security challenges presented by the rapid evolution of the Internet of Things. The exponential growth of potentially sensitive consumer data flowing from a wide range of newly connected devices has the potential to help solve societal challenges and improve consumers&apos; lives, but such vast quantities of data also present privacy and security risks. The chapter describes some of the potential insights that can be gained through connected devices, and then lays out two risks posed by the Internet of Things: the potential for the use of sensitive personal data to make decisions about consumers without safeguards to protect them, and the possibility that privacy concerns will prevent consumers from embracing and benefitting from the Internet of Things. The chapter also discusses behind-the-scenes data collectors, known as data brokers, who play a key role in how information from connected devices can be collected and used in surprising and potentially disconcerting ways. The chapter proposes improved practices for device and service providers, including privacy by design; robust deidentification of consumer data; and transparency measures, such as clear and concise notices. The chapter also calls for improved practices&mdash;and ultimately legislation&mdash;to provide greater transparency and accountability within the data broker industry.
Time Delay to Treatment and Mortality in Primary Angioplasty for Acute Myocardial Infarction (2004)

These results suggest that every minute of delay in primary angioplasty for STEMI affects 1-year mortality, even after adjustment for baseline characteristics. Therefore, all efforts should be made to shorten the total ischemic time, not only for thrombolytic therapy but also for primary angioplasty.
Nonlinear reactions and nonuniform flows (1999)

Analytic solutions are developed for the advection‐reaction problem with nonuniform flows and nonlinear reactions. We consider a stratified flow field and a flow field due to the operation of an injection‐extraction pair of wells in a homogeneous medium. In each case we derive the transfer function for transport between a pair of surfaces in the flow field. We consider linear/nonlinear aqueous kinetics and the nonlinear equilibrium adsorption of a Langmuir radionuclide with decay. Using a stream tube concept in conjunction with these transfer functions, we develop analytic solutions to the flux‐averaged concentration response of these reactive solutes. Resident concentrations are obtained by solving a simpler batch reaction system in place of coupled partial differential equations. We use these solutions to evaluate two numerical approaches. One of them is based on an operator‐split approach that employs a conventional finite difference scheme with total variation diminishing fluxes for the advection operator. The other is based on the use of advected particles to compute a numerical approximation of the transfer function. We consider a boundary‐value problem and establish that the particle‐tracking approach yields near‐analytic solutions for both the flux‐averaged and resident concentrations. We consider an initial‐value problem and evaluate the “dilution index” [ Kitanidis , 1994] associated with the advective flow field and the numerical scheme. A flow field that highly distorts a plume and increases its surface area exhibits a larger dilution index, and most numerical schemes for transport in such a flow field suffer larger numerical dispersion. For linear reactions the predicted amount of plume degradation is unaffected by plume deformation, while the errors in predictions for nonlinear reactions increase as the plume deformation increases.
Reconfigurable universal sensor interface for distributed wireless sensor nodes (2013)

Wireless sensor networks of today play a large role in industrial grade field data acquisition systems. The need for vast sensor compatibility will be an evident requirement as wireless sensor networks go mobile and become autonomous. Current technologies make use of multiple signal conditioning circuits which result in bulky power hungry wireless sensor nodes. This paper presents an implementation of a reconfigurable universal transducer interface based on a CMOS multiplexer network supporting a vast diversity of industrial sensors while being compact and energy efficient, which is conducive to wireless sensor networking. The concept, design scheme, prototype implementation with industrial components and the results of integrating this interface into a prototype wireless sensor node are discussed in this paper to illustrate potential applications in mass scale data acquisition based on wireless sensor networks.
Measurement of emulsion flow in porous media: Improvements in heavy oil recovery (2009)

Many heavy oil and bitumen reservoirs in the world are too small or thin for thermal enhanced oil recovery methods to be economic. In these fields, novel methods of less energy intensive, non-thermal technologies are required. Previous experience has shown that the injection of low concentrations of aqueous alkali-surfactant solutions into the reservoir can significantly improve the oil recovery, beyond that of waterflooding. This is due to the in-situ formation of emulsions, which plug off the water channels and lead to improved sweep efficiency in the reservoir. The proper control of these floods requires methods for monitoring the formation and effect of these emulsions. In this paper, the results of laboratory core floods are interpreted to demonstrate how the pressure and flow response can be related to the formation of these emulsions. A new technique (low field NMR) is also used to directly measure W/O emulsions in porous media. Finally, a numerical study is performed in order to demonstrate how the in-situ formation of emulsions can be simply represented in simulation software.
A Chimeric Influenza Virus Expressing an Epitope of Outer Membrane Protein F of<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>Affords Protection against Challenge with<i>P. aeruginosa</i>in a Murine Model of Chronic Pulmonary Infection (1998)

The ability of a chimeric influenza virus containing, within the antigenic B site of its hemagglutinin, an 11-amino-acid (AEGRAINRRVE) insert from the peptide 10 epitope of outer membrane (OM) protein F of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to serve as a protective vaccine against P. aeruginosa was tested by using the murine chronic pulmonary infection model. Mice immunized with the chimeric virus developed antibodies that reacted in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with peptide 10, with purified protein F, and with whole cells of various immunotype strains of P. aeruginosa but failed to react with a protein F-deficient strain of P. aeruginosa. The chimeric-virus antisera reacted specifically with protein F alone when immunoblotted against proteins extracted from cell envelopes of each of the seven Fisher-Devlin immunotype strains and had significantly greater in vitro opsonic activity for P. aeruginosa than did antisera from wild-type influenza virus-immunized mice. Subsequent to intratracheal challenge with agar-encased cells of P. aeruginosa, chimeric-virus-immunized mice developed significantly fewer severe lung lesions than did control mice immunized with the wild-type influenza virus. Furthermore, the chimeric influenza virus-immunized group had a significantly smaller percentage of mice with >5 x 10(3) CFU of P. aeruginosa in their lungs upon bacterial quantitation than did the control group. These data indicate that chimeric influenza viruses expressing epitopes of OM protein F warrant continued development as vaccines to prevent pulmonary infections caused by P. aeruginosa.
The convergence of an asynchronous cooperative algorithm for distributed power control in cellular systems (1999)

A new version of the cooperative algorithm is proposed for transmitter power control in mobile cellular systems. It is a distributed algorithm based on the assumption that limited control data communication between neighboring base stations are allowed. Its convergence under asynchronous operation is proved. Numerical results show that it has a higher convergence rate and smaller dynamic range requirement than other algorithms.
Expression of an IKKγ Splice Variant Determines IRF3 and Canonical NF-κB Pathway Utilization in ssRNA Virus Infection (2009)

Relative endogenous IKKgammaDelta expression affects cellular selection of inflammatory/anti-viral pathway responses to ssRNA viral infection.
Depression: A Review (2011)

Depression is one among the most rampant form of psychiatric disorders and a leading cause for
morbidity and mortality. Depression should be recognized as a clinical syndrome that is characterised by
a cluster of emotional, behavioural, and cognitive features. Depression also poses a significant economic
burden to society as it leads to reduced productivity, treatment costs and loss of human life by suicide.
Depression is a common problem affecting about 121 million people worldwide. It occurs in persons of
all genders, ages, and back- grounds. Depression is almost twice as common in females as males.
Depression refers to a wide range of mental health problems which is characterized by enduring sadness,
anhedonia, guilt, low self esteem, disturbed sleep, poor appetite, low energy, suicidal thoughts, a lack of
libido, fatigue, poor concentration and reduced attention, pessimistic and suicidal tendencies, food intake
dysregulation. Clinical evidence supports the fundamental roles of serotonin and norepinephrine, as well
as the interactions between these systems in the etiology of depression. In addition, substance P,
corticotropin-releasing factor, dopamine, g-aminobutyric acid (GABA), somatostatin, and thyroid-related
hormones have been implicated in the pathophysiology of Depression. Many brain regions have been
implicated in regulating emotions; we still have a very rudimentary under standing of the neural circuitry
underlying normal mood and the abnormalities in mood that are the hallmark of Depression. Depression
is associated with a serious impairment of social, marital, and occupational functioning, as well as
prominent personal and interpersonal distress
Chaos Engineering (2016)

Modern software-based services are implemented as distributed systems with complex behavior and failure modes. Many large tech organizations are using experimentation to verify such systems' reliability. Netflix engineers call this approach chaos engineering. They've determined several principles underlying it and have used it to run experiments. This article is part of a theme issue on DevOps.