gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transforming Growth Factor Alpha and Epidermal Growth Factor in Laryngeal Carcinomas Demonstrated by Immunohistochemistry (1993)

Fifteen laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas were investigated for the presence of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) using immunohistochemical methods. In a recent study the same material was characterized for epidermal growth factor receptors (EGF receptors) which were confined predominantly to the undifferentiated cells. The expression of this growth factor system in malignant cells may play a role in carcinogenesis and/or tumour growth. All carcinomas were positive for TGF-alpha and 12 were positive for EGF. In moderately-to-well differentiated carcinomas, the immunoreactivity was mainly detected in the cytologically more differentiated cells. Nine sections included both laryngeal stratified squamous epithelium of normal appearance and carcinoma. The immunoreactivity was here again localized in the cytologically more differentiated cells above the basal cell layer. The present investigation and our previous results confirm the existence of EGF receptors, TGF-alpha and EGF in laryngeal carcinomas. In addition, we conclude that the conditions do exist for growth factors to act through an autocrine system in poorly differentiated tumours and through a paracrine system in the moderately-to-well differentiated tumours.
The relay reborn (2012)

The integrated circuit has made such steady strides over the past 40 years that it's easy to believe in a sort of "manifest destiny" for electronics. How could a year go by without the introduction of cool new gadgets boasting previously unimagined capabilities at amazingly affordable prices?
Preprocessor algorithm for network management codebook (1999)

As the size of networks increases, real-time fault management becomes difficult due to the volume of traffic. A single problem can generate numerous symptoms, which are received as events by a network management system. These events could be correlated to deduce the source of the problem. One of the correlation techniques used is codebook approach, developed by Yemini et. al. Codebook is a matrix relating problems with symptoms. We present a way to transform the original algorithm used in deriving the codebook. Our algorithm improves the efficiency by reducing the matrix as well as by ensuring the selection of minimum number of symptoms required to uniquely identify each problem in the codebook. This avoids an exponential growth in the number of symptoms as number of problems increase, which in turn shows up as saving in real-time processing. 1 Introduction As the size of networks increases, real-time fault management becomes difficult due to the volume of traffic. A single problem ca...
The Challenges of Hardware Synthesis from C-Like Languages (2005)

Many techniques for synthesizing digital hardware from C-like languages have been proposed, but none have emerged as successful as Verilog or VHDL for register-transfer-level design. Familiarity is the main reason C-like languages have been proposed for hardware synthesis. Synthesize hardware from C, proponents claim, and a C programmer can be turned into a hardware designer. Another common motivation is hardware/software codesign: today's systems usually contain a mix of hardware and software, and it is often unclear initially which portions to implement in hardware. Here, using a single language should simplify the migration task. The paper surveys several C-like hardware synthesis languages and looks at two of the fundamental challenges, concurrency and timing control.
Transcutaneous Cranial Electrical Stimulation Decreases Narcotic Requirements during Neurolept Anesthesia and Operation in Man (1982)

The influence of transcutaneous cranial electrical stimulation (TCES) on fentanyl requirements was evaluated in 50 patients undergoing urologic operations with pure neuroleptanesthesia (droperidol, diazepam, fentanyl, and air-oxygen) with (group I) or without (group II) simultaneous TCES. All patients had silver electrodes (three) applied between the eyebrows and behind each mastoid process and attached to a 167-kHz current generator. Current was delivered only to group I. The wave form was a complex nonsinusoidal, nonsquare wave pattern which was applied intermittently in a 3-msec-on 10-msec-off sequence. All patients had anesthesia induced with droperidol (0.20 mg/kg IV), diazepam (0.2 mg/kg IV), and pancuronium (0.08 mg/kg IV), and, after tracheal intubation, had anesthesia maintained with fentanyl in 100-μg intravenous increments every 3 minutes whenever and as long as systolic arterial blood pressure and/or heart rate were >20% of control (preanesthetic induction) values. Fentanyl requirements averaged 6.1 ± 0.5 and 7.9 ± 0.4 μg/kg/min for a mean total dosage of 9.0 ± 0.9 and 12.5 ± 0.8 μg/kg for the entire operation in groups I and II, respectively. These differences between groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The data demonstrate that TCES augments the analgesic effects of fentanyl and thus reduces fentanyl requirements during urologic operations with neuroleptanesthesia.
MVAPICH-PRISM (2013)

Xeon Phi, based on the Intel Many Integrated Core (MIC) architecture, packs up to 1TFLOPs of performance on a single chip while providing x86__64 compatibility. On the other hand, InfiniBand is one of the most popular choices of interconnect for supercomputing systems. The software stack on Xeon Phi allows processes to directly access an InfiniBand HCA on the node and thus, provides a low latency path for internode communication. However, drawbacks in the state-of-the-art chipsets like Sandy Bridge limit the bandwidth available for these transfers. In this paper, we propose MVAPICH-PRISM, a novel proxy-based framework to optimize the communication performance on such systems. We present several designs and evaluate them using micro-benchmarks and application kernels. Our designs improve internode latency between Xeon Phi processes by up to 65% and internode bandwidth by up to five times. Our designs improve the performance of MPI_Alltoall operation by up to 65%, with 256 processes. They improve the performance of a 3D Stencil communication kernel and the P3DFFT library by 56% and 22% with 1,024 and 512 processes, respectively.
The Potential for the Development of theX-Ray Free Electron Laser (2004)

X-ray photon beam from a SASE FEL undulator is in principle a single user tool,just like an optical laser. Therefore, the operation and amortization cost cannotbe easily spread over many simultaneous experiments. To avoid prohibitive costfor each experiment, a new XFEL laboratory scheme is proposed. The wavelengthrange 0.1-1.6 nm at fixed electron energy of 15 GeV can be covered by operatingthe SASE FEL with three undulators which have different period and tunable gap.All electrons will be guided into only one electron beamline and dump. Using 0.1%electron (photon) energy shifter in a SASE undulator it is possible to rapidly switchthe FEL photon beam from one SASE undulator beamline to the other, providingsimultaneous multi-undulator capability. A photon beam distribution system basedon movable multilayer X-ray mirrors can provide an efficient way to generate amulti-user facility. Distribution of photons is achieved on the basis of pulse trainsand it is possible to partition the photon beam among a few tens independentbeamlines thereby obtaining many users working in parallel. The second way toincrease the number of simultaneous experiments is based on the working witha series of perfect crystals in transmission (Laue) geometry. The later concept isthe basic idea of the Troika beamline at ESRF. In principle, a hundred of photonbeamlines with different experiments can be served by a single XFEL source. Itis a great advantage that the accelerator and electron beam transport line in theproposed scheme of multi-user facility operate at fixed parameters, thus an ”electronswitchyard” is not required. The proposed XFEL scheme is applicable for the LinacCoherent Light Source (LCLS) and European XFEL.9852106520
Partial trapping of secondary-electron emission in a Hall thruster plasma (2005)

Secondary-electron emission at the ceramic walls of a Hall thruster modifies the potential jump of the wall Debye sheaths and thus the electron energy losses to the wall. Because of the low plasma collisionality the two counterstreaming beams of secondary electrons are not expected to be totally trapped within the bulk of the discharge. In order to analyze the effects of partial trapping of secondary electrons on the presheath∕sheath radial structure, a macroscopic model is formulated. The plasma response depends on the secondary electron emission yield and the trapped fraction of secondary electrons. The sheath potential and wall energy losses are determined mainly by the net current of secondary electrons in the sheaths. For any practical value of the secondary emission yield, the zero-trapping solution is very similar to the zero secondary emission case. Space charge saturation of the sheaths is unattainable for weak trapping. In all cases, secondary electrons have a weak effect on the presheath solution and the ion flux recombined at the walls.
Catalyst‐Free Efficient Growth, Orientation and Biosensing Properties of Multilayer Graphene Nanoflake Films with Sharp Edge Planes (2008)

Abstract We report a novel microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition strategy for the efficient synthesis of multilayer graphene nanoflake films (MGNFs) on Si substrates. The constituent graphene nanoflakes have a highly graphitized knife‐edge structure with a 2–3 nm thick sharp edge and show a preferred vertical orientation with respect to the Si substrate as established by near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. The growth rate is approximately 1.6 µm min −1 , which is 10 times faster than the previously reported best value. The MGNFs are shown to demonstrate fast electron‐transfer (ET) kinetics for the Fe(CN) 6 3−/4− redox system and excellent electrocatalytic activity for simultaneously determining dopamine (DA), ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA). Their biosensing DA performance in the presence of common interfering agents AA and UA is superior to other bare solid‐state electrodes and is comparable only to that of edge plane pyrolytic graphite. Our work here, establishes that the abundance of graphitic edge planes/defects are essentially responsible for the fast ET kinetics, active electrocatalytic and biosensing properties. This novel edge‐plane‐based electrochemical platform with the high surface area and electrocatalytic activity offers great promise for creating a revolutionary new class of nanostructured electrodes for biosensing, biofuel cells and energy‐conversion applications.
Novel functional poly(2-oxazoline)s as potential carriers for biomedical applications (2007)

abs. absolute ACN acetonitrile ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone Ala l-alanine; (S)-2-aminopropanoic acid, A ANT [Ac-4-NO 2 -Phe-c(d-Cys-Tyr-d-Trp-Lys-Thr-Cys)-d-Tyr-NH 2 ] AOAC (2-aminooxy)acetic acid Arg l-arginine; (S)-2-amino-5-guanidinovalerianic acid, R Asp l-aspartic acid; (S)-2-aminosuccinic acid, D ATR attenuated total reflection/reflectance ATRP atom transfer radical polymerization a.u.arbitrary units bl block BNCT boron neutron capture therapy Boc tert-butyloxycarbonyl Boc-AOAc N -Boc(2-aminooxy)acetic acid BocPip N -tert-butyloxycarbonylpiperazine bp.boiling point c cyclo
Object event visibility for anti-counterfeiting in RFID-enabled product supply chains (2015)

RFID-enabled product supply chain visibility is usually implemented by building up a view of the product history of its activities starting from manufacturing or even earlier with a dynamically updated e-pedigree for track-and-trace, which is examined and authenticated at each node of the supply chain for data consistence with the pre-defined one. However, while effectively reducing the risk of fakes, this visibility can't guarantee that the product is authentic without taking further security measures. To the best of our knowledge, this requires deeper understandings on associations of object events with the counterfeiting activities, which is unfortunately left blank. In this paper, the taxonomy of counterfeiting possibilities is initially developed and analyzed, the structure of EPC-based events is then re-examined, and an object-centric coding mechanism is proposed to construct the object-based event “pedigree” for such event exception detection and inference. On this basis, the system architecture framework to achieve the objectivity of object event visibility for anti-counterfeiting is presented, which is also applicable to other aspects of supply chain management.
Dipole-exchange theory of hybrid electromagnetic-spin waves in layered film structures (2002)

A theory has been developed for normal mode electromagnetic-spin waves propagating in metal–dielectric-ferromagnetic-dielectric-metal film structures. Dipole and exchange interactions are taken into account. An arbitrary direction of the internal bias magnetic field is assumed. A dispersion equation for hybrid waves is derived. Effects of varying the dielectric constants of the dielectric layers and the geometry of the layered structure are analyzed for the dispersion characteristics of hybrid waves. The obtained results are applied to layered structures containing ferromagnetic and ferroelectric layers that could be used as waveguiding structures for dual electrically or/and magnetically tunable microwave devices.
A low-voltage multi-GHz VCO with 58% tuning range in SOI CMOS (2003)

A low-voltage 3.0-5.6 GHz VCO was designed and fabricated in an 0.13 /spl mu/m SOI CMOS process. This VCO features a single-loop horseshoe-shaped inductor and an array of band-switching accumulation MOS (AMOS) varactors. This results in good phase noise and a wide tuning range of 58.7% when tuned between 0 to 1.4 V. At a 1 V Supply (V/sub DD/) and 1 MHz offset, the phase noise is -120 dBc/Hz at 3.0 GHz, and -114.5 dBc/Hz at 5.6 GHz. The power dissipation is between 2 and 3 mW across the whole tuning range. The buffered output power is -7 dBm. When VDD is reduced to 0.83 V, the VCO dissipates less than 1 mW at 5.6 GHz.
ATP-sensitive and inwardly rectifying potassium channels in smooth muscle (1997)

The properties and roles of ATP-sensitive (KATP) and inwardly rectifying (KIR) potassium channels are reviewed. Potassium channels regulate the membrane potential of smooth muscle, which controls calcium entry through voltage-dependent calcium channels, and thereby contractility through changes in intracellular calcium. The KATP channel is likely to be composed of members of the inward rectifier channel gene family (Kir6) and sulfonylurea receptor proteins. The KIR channels do not appear to be as widely distributed as KATP channels in smooth muscle and may provide a mechanism by which changes in extracellular K+ can alter smooth muscle membrane potential, and thereby arterial diameter. The KATP channels contribute to the resting membrane conductance of some types of smooth muscle and can open under situations of metabolic compromise. The KATP channels are targets of a wide variety of vasodilators and constrictors, which act, respectively, through adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate/protein kinase A and protein kinase C. The KATP channels are also activated by a number of synthetic vasodilators (e.g., diazoxide and pinacidil) and are inhibited by the oral hypoglycemic sulfonylurea drugs (e.g., glibenclamide). Together, KATP and KIR channels are important regulators of smooth muscle function and represent important therapeutic targets.
Multi-Item Production Planning—An Extension of the HMMS Rules (1970)

The Linear Decision Rules (LDR) proposed by Holt, Modigliani, Muth, and Simon for the production planning problem determine an optimum plan in terms of an aggregate production rate and work force level. The criteria of the LDR assume we wish to make decisions so as to minimize costs over a specified time horizon, given estimates of future aggregate demand. This paper extends the LDR to a multi-item formulation (MDR) which solves directly for the optimum sales, production, and inventory levels for individual items in future periods. To remove the restriction of specified demand, revenue curves are estimated for each item in each time period. The MDR model then seeks a solution to maximize profit for the firm over the time horizon by an application in a firm producing a line of electric motors. The results of the MDR are compared to management's proposed plan and some important differences are detected.
Thermodynamic Model of Sediment Deposition in the LC-FINING Process (2008)

The LC-FINING ebullated bed hydrocracking process is used to hydrocrack residuum. In this process, sediment deposition in the downstream equipment sometimes affects the overall economics by limiting the operating conversion, even though the upstream reactor system is capable of achieving much higher conversion levels. The sediment is measured by SHFT value (Shell Hot Filtration Test method), which mainly measures that portion of the asphaltene that is insoluble in heavy oil at specific laboratory test conditions. A solubility-theory-based thermodynamic model is developed to predict the SHFT value. According to this model, asphaltenes are in equilibrium (in solution) with the surrounding fluid. The model parameters are asphaltene molecular weight and its solubility parameter. Both are related. The solubility parameter is modeled as a function of the hydrogen/carbon (H/C) atomic ratio of the heavy oil. The molecular weights are estimated from pilot plant data by minimizing the sum of squares of the residuals between the observed SHFT value and the calculated value for all runs. The asphaltene molecular weight decreases with an increasing process severity, indicating that the asphaltene becomes more aromatic by losing side chains. The simple model is able to explain the observed trends with respect to different LC-FINING catalysts, feed sources, and diluent effects. Commercial data is compared to the pilot plant data, and the model prediction validates the model.
Sustained expression of proteoglycans and collagen type III/type I ratio in a calcified tendinopathy model (2009)

Sustained expression of proteoglycans and a high collagen type III/collagen type I ratio might account for poor matrix organization in calcified tendinopathy. The localization of major proteoglycans around chondro-osseous region might indicate interference of collagen assembly, which favours ectopic chondrogenesis, ossification and predisposition to tendon rupture.
Natural Interspecific Hybridization in Eastern North American Claytonia (1988)

The eastern North American spring ephemeral Claytonia virginica (Portulacaceae) is well known for its great variation in chromosome number. The origin and significance of this cytological diversity has been a source of some controversy over the last two decades; in particular it has been suggested that one major source of variation could have arisen by allopolyploidy following hybridization between C. virginica and the second eastern North American representative of the genus, C. caroliniana. However, there has been no rigorous demonstration of natural hybridization between these taxa, and attempts to document hybridity have been hampered by a paucity of distinguishing morphological characters. Nuclear ribosomal gene markers are, however, able to distinguish between the two species and provide a means of identifying hybrid plants. We have found a locality in central New York state where the two species cooccur; in this population, hybrid individuals with additive ribosomal gene patterns are found in a zone of overlap between the two parental species. These hybrids are morphologically intermediate and have reduced pollen stainabilities, and appear to be F1 individuals.
The More, the Merrier: Combining Heuristic Estimators for Satisficing Planning (2010)

We empirically examine several ways of exploiting the information of multiple heuristics in a satisficing best-first search algorithm, comparing their performance in terms of coverage, plan quality, speed, and search guidance. Our results indicate that using multiple heuristics for satisficing search is indeed useful. Among the combination methods we consider, the best results are obtained by the alternation method of the "Fast Diagonally Downward" planner.
CSF Norepinephrine Concentrations in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (2001)

These findings reveal the presence of greater CNS noradrenergic activity under baseline conditions in patients with chronic PTSD than in healthy subjects and directly link this pathophysiologic observation with the severity of the clinical posttraumatic stress syndrome.
Scheduling algorithms for input-queued cell switches (1996)

The algorithms described in this thesis are designed to schedule cells in a very high-speed, parallel, input-queued crossbar switch. We present several novel scheduling algorithms that we have devised, each aims to match the set of inputs of an input-queued switch to the set of outputs more efficiently, fairly and quickly than existing techniques. In Chapter 2 we present the simplest and fastest of these algorithms: SLIP --- a parallel algorithm that uses rotating priority (&quot;round-robin&quot;) arbitration. SLIP is simple: it is readily implemented in hardware and can operate at high speed. SLIP has high performance: for uniform i.i.d. Bernoulli arrivals, SLIP is stable for any admissible load, because the arbiters tend to desynchronize. We present analytical results to model this behavior. However, SLIP is not always stable and is not always monotonic: adding more traffic can actually make the algorithm operate more efficiently. We present an approximate analytical model of this behavior. SLIP prevents starvation: all contending inputs are eventually served. We present simulation results, indicating SLIP&apos;s performance. We argue that SLIP can be readily implemented for a 32x32 switch on a single chip. In Chapter 3 we present i-SLIP, an iterative algorithm that improves upon SLIP by converging on a maximal size match. The performance of i-SLIP improves with up to log 2 N iterations. We show that although it has a longer running time than SLIP, an i-SLIP scheduler is little more complex to implement. In Chapter 4 we describe maximum or maximal weight matching algorithms based on the occupancy of queues, or waiting times of cells. These algorithms are stabl...