gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Single Gate Driver Based Solid-State Circuit Breaker Using Series Connected SiC MOSFETs (2018)

Semiconductor devices based solid-state circuit breakers (SSCBs) are promising in the dc power distribution system as protective equipment for their ultrashort action time. This letter proposes a topology of SSCB using series connected silicon carbide (SiC) metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (mosfets), which only requires a single isolated gate driver. The SSCB has very low cost and high reliability because it only has 13 components including passive components and diodes apart from two SiC mosfets to achieve both balanced voltage distribution during short-circuit interruption duration and reliable positive gate voltage during on-state. The SSCB prototype is built and experimentally verified to interrupt 75 A short-circuit current under the dc-bus voltage of 1200 V within 1.5 μs.
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp120 V2 Domain Mediates gp41-Independent Intersubunit Contacts (2000)

The envelope protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 HIV-1 undergoes proteolytic cleavage in the Golgi complex to produce subunits designated gp120 and gp41, which remain noncovalently associated. While gp41 has a well-characterized oligomeric structure, the maintenance of gp41-independent gp120 intersubunit contacts remains a contentious issue. Using recombinant vaccinia virus to achieve high-level expression of gp120 in mammalian cells combined with gel filtration analysis, we were able to isolate a discrete oligomeric form of gp120. Oligomerization of gp120 occurred intracellularly between 30 and 120 min after synthesis. Analysis by sedimentation equilibrium unequivocally identified the oligomeric species as a dimer. In order to identify the domains involved in the intersubunit contact, we expressed a series of gp120 proteins lacking various domains and assessed the effects of mutation on oligomeric structure. Deletion of the V1 or V3 loops had little effect on the relative amounts of monomer and dimer in comparison to wild-type gp120. In contrast, deletion of either all or part of the V2 loop drastically reduced dimer formation, indicating that this domain is required for intersubunit contact formation. Consistent with this, the V2 loop of the dimer was less accessible than that of the monomer to a specific monoclonal antibody. Previous studies have shown that while the V2 loop is not an absolute requirement for viral entry, the absence of this domain reduces viral resistance to neutralization by monoclonal antibodies or sera. We propose that the quaternary structure of gp120 may contribute to resistance to neutralization by limiting the exposure of conserved epitopes.
A Fortran 90-based multiprecision system (1995)

A new version of a Fortran multiprecision computation system, based on the Fortran 90 language, is described. With this new approach, a translator program is not required—translation of Fortran code for multiprecision is accomplished by merely utilizing advanced features of Fortran 90, such as derived data types and operator extensions. This approach results in more-reliable translation and permits programmers of multiprecision applications to utilize the full power of Fortran 90. Three multiprecision data types are supported in this system: multiprecision integer, real, and complex. All the usual Fortran conventions for mixed-mode operations are supported, and many of the Fortran intrinsics, such as SIN, EXP, and MOD, are supported with multiprecision arguments. An interesting application of this software, wherein new number-theoretic identities have been discovered by means of multiprecision computations, is included also.
Unraveling the ties between irritable bowel syndrome and intestinal microbiota (2014)

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder. It is a multifactorial disorder. Intestinal microbiota may cause the pathogenesis of IBS by contributing to abnormal gastrointestinal motility, low-grade inflammation, visceral hypersensitivity, communication in the gut-brain axis, and so on. Previous attempts to identify the intestinal microbiota composition in IBS patients have yielded inconsistent and occasionally contradictory results. This inconsistency may be due to the differences in the molecular techniques employed, the sample collection and handling methods, use of single samples that are not linked to fluctuating symptoms, or other factors such as patients' diets and phenotypic characterizations. Despite these difficulties, previous studies found that the intestinal microbiota in some IBS patients was completely different from that in healthy controls, and there does appear to be a consistent theme of Firmicutes enrichment and reduced abundance of Bacteroides. Based on the differences in intestinal microbiota composition, many studies have addressed the roles of microbiota-targeted treatments, such as antibiotics and probiotics, in alleviating certain symptoms of IBS. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the associations between intestinal microbiota and IBS as well as the possible modes of action of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of IBS. Improving the current level of understanding of host-microbiota interactions in IBS is important not only for determining the role of intestinal microbiota in IBS pathogenesis but also for therapeutic modulation of the microbiota.
Silver(I) ion catalyzed rearrangements of strained .SIGMA. bonds. XI. Silver(I)-assisted methoxyl group ionization. Some mechanistic and synthetic considerations derived from the behavior of endo-2-methoxytricyclo[4.1.0.03,7]heptanes (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSilver(I) ion catalyzed rearrangements of strained .SIGMA. bonds. XI. Silver(I)-assisted methoxyl group ionization. Some mechanistic and synthetic considerations derived from the behavior of endo-2-methoxytricyclo[4.1.0.03,7]heptanesLeo A. Paquette and Gerald ZonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 14, 5096–5098Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00769a060https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00769a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mutations in the 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Receptor Identifying C-terminal Amino Acids Required for Transcriptional Activation That Are Functionally Dissociated from Hormone Binding, Heterodimeric DNA Binding, and Interaction with Basal Transcription Factor IIB, in Vitro (1997)

To investigate a potential ligand-dependent transcriptional activation domain (AF-2) in the C-terminal region of the human vitamin D receptor (hVDR), two conserved residues, Leu-417 and Glu-420, were replaced with alanines by site-directed mutagenesis (L417A and E420A). Transcriptional activation in response to 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) was virtually eliminated when either point mutant was transfected into several mammalian cell lines. Furthermore, both mutants exhibited a dominant negative phenotype when expressed in COS-7 cells. Scatchard analysis at 4 degrees C and a ligand-dependent DNA binding assay at 25 degrees C revealed essentially normal 1,25-(OH)2D3 binding for the mutant hVDRs, which were also equivalent to native receptor in associating with the rat osteocalcin vitamin D responsive element as a presumed heterodimer with retinoid X receptor. Glutathione S-transferase-human transcription factor IIB (TFIIB) fusion protein linked to Sepharose equally coprecipitated the wild-type hVDR and the AF-2 mutants. These data implicate amino acids Leu-417 and Glu-420, residing in a putative alpha-helical region at the extreme C terminus of hVDR, as critical in the mechanism of 1, 25-(OH)2D3-stimulated transcription, likely mediating an interaction with a coactivator(s) or a component of the basal transcriptional machinery distinct from TFIIB.
Bupropion: a review of its mechanism of antidepressant activity. (1995)

The mechanism of action of bupropion appears to have an unusual, not fully understood, noradrenergic link. The bupropion metabolite hydroxybupropion probably plays a critical role in bupropion's antidepressant activity, which appears to be predominantly associated with long-term noradrenergic effects. The mild central nervous system activating effects of bupropion appear to be due to weak dopaminergic mechanisms. There is some evidence that dopamine may contribute to bupropion's antidepressant properties. Antidepressant effects of bupropion are not serotonergically mediated.
Consideration of proper operative route for interlaminar approach for percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (2016)

ILA can be used to treat LDH revealing an interlaminar space of ≥20 mm. The procedure is minimally invasive and effective; however, appropriate selection of an operative route is important to avoid operative complications. Particularly for large LDH, the operative route via the axilla should be considered.
Myocardial Beta-1 Adrenoceptor Down-Regulation in Aging and Heart Failure: Implications for Beta-Blocker use in Older Adults with Heart Failure (2003)

Heart failure is associated with increased sympathetic nervous stimulation that results in down-regulation of myocardial beta-1 receptors. The failing heart might depend more on beta-2 receptors for positive inotropic support than the normal heart. Suppression of both beta-1 and beta-2 adrenoceptors by a non-selective beta-blocker, such as carvedilol, is likely to eliminate the failing heart's much needed inotropic support, resulting in an exacerbation of symptoms. Use of a beta-1 selective blocker, such as metoprolol, on the other hand, is likely to be well tolerated. Unlike carvedilol, the use of metoprolol is associated with up-regulation of beta-1 receptors. The clinical significance of the pharmacodynamic differences between these two beta-blockers in terms of their short-term hemodynamic and long-term beneficial effects is not clearly understood. However, in clinical trials, both carvedilol and metoprolol improved left ventricular function, heart failure symptoms and survival. Both drugs are well tolerated as well. Aging itself is associated with elevated myocardial and serum norepinephrine levels, which is associated with down-regulation of beta-1 receptors. In this article, we reviewed the literature to examine the clinical implications of this dual (age- and heart failure-related) sympathetic stimulation and beta-1 receptor down-regulation on selection of beta-blockers in older adults with heart failure.
General Tensor Discriminant Analysis and Gabor Features for Gait Recognition (2007)

The traditional image representations are not suited to conventional classification methods, such as the linear discriminant analysis (LDA), because of the under sample problem (USP): the dimensionality of the feature space is much higher than the number of training samples. Motivated by the successes of the two dimensional LDA (2DLDA) for face recognition, we develop a general tensor discriminant analysis (GTDA) as a preprocessing step for LDA. The benefits of GTDA compared with existing preprocessing methods, e.g., principal component analysis (PCA) and 2DLDA, include 1) the USP is reduced in subsequent classification by, for example, LDA; 2) the discriminative information in the training tensors is preserved; and 3) GTDA provides stable recognition rates because the alternating projection optimization algorithm to obtain a solution of GTDA converges, while that of 2DLDA does not. We use human gait recognition to validate the proposed GTDA. The averaged gait images are utilized for gait representation. Given the popularity of Gabor function based image decompositions for image understanding and object recognition, we develop three different Gabor function based image representations: 1) the GaborD representation is the sum of Gabor filter responses over directions, 2) GaborS is the sum of Gabor filter responses over scales, and 3) GaborSD is the sum of Gabor filter responses over scales and directions. The GaborD, GaborS and GaborSD representations are applied to the problem of recognizing people from their averaged gait images.A large number of experiments were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness (recognition rate) of gait recognition based on first obtaining a Gabor, GaborD, GaborS or GaborSD image representation, then using GDTA to extract features and finally using LDA for classification. The proposed methods achieved good performance for gait recognition based on image sequences from the USF HumanID Database. Experimental comparisons are made with nine state of the art classification methods in gait recognition.
Surprising Arginine Biosynthesis: a Reappraisal of the Enzymology and Evolution of the Pathway in Microorganisms (2007)

Major aspects of the pathway of de novo arginine biosynthesis via acetylated intermediates in microorganisms must be revised in light of recent enzymatic and genomic investigations. The enzyme N-acetylglutamate synthase (NAGS), which used to be considered responsible for the first committed step of the pathway, is present in a limited number of bacterial phyla only and is absent from Archaea. In many Bacteria, shorter proteins related to the Gcn5-related N-acetyltransferase family appear to acetylate l-glutamate; some are clearly similar to the C-terminal, acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) binding domain of classical NAGS, while others are more distantly related. Short NAGSs can be single gene products, as in Mycobacterium spp. and Thermus spp., or fused to the enzyme catalyzing the last step of the pathway (argininosuccinase), as in members of the Alteromonas-Vibrio group. How these proteins bind glutamate remains to be determined. In some Bacteria, a bifunctional ornithine acetyltransferase (i.e., using both acetylornithine and acetyl-CoA as donors of the acetyl group) accounts for glutamate acetylation. In many Archaea, the enzyme responsible for glutamate acetylation remains elusive, but possible connections with a novel lysine biosynthetic pathway arose recently from genomic investigations. In some Proteobacteria (notably Xanthomonadaceae) and Bacteroidetes, the carbamoylation step of the pathway appears to involve N-acetylornithine or N-succinylornithine rather than ornithine. The product N-acetylcitrulline is deacetylated by an enzyme that is also involved in the provision of ornithine from acetylornithine; this is an important metabolic function, as ornithine itself can become essential as a source of other metabolites. This review insists on the biochemical and evolutionary implications of these findings.
Wireless Sensors Self-Location in an Indoor WLAN Environment (2007)

Sometimes wireless sensors could be placed randomly without predetermined coordinates, so systems to self-locate in an area should be studied. This paper shows two approaches developed by us where wireless sensors could find their position using WLAN technology. The scenario is an indoor environment that contains walls, interferences, multipath effect, humidity and temperature variations, etc., and both approaches are based on the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI). The first approach uses a training session and the position is based on Neuronal Networks using the training measurements. The second approach uses triangulation model with some fixed access points, but taking into account wall losses. In both systems we have considered the variations measured to obtain a bigger accuracy in the sensor localization.
Phage Proteomics: Applications of Mass Spectrometry (2009)

Current techniques in mass spectrometry (MS) allow sensitive and accurate identification of proteins thanks to the in silico availability of these protein sequences within databases. This chapter provides a short overview of MS techniques used in the identification of phage structural proteins and focuses on an electron spray peptide ionization (ESI-MS/MS) approach to identify the phage structural proteome in a comprehensive and systematic ways. Such analyses provide an experimental examination of structural proteins and confirm genome-based gene predictions.
Derivate des Methylendioxybenzols, 32. Zur Darstellung von Methyl‐[(3.4‐methylendioxy‐phenyl)‐alkyl]‐aminen (1971)

Abstract Es wird die Darstellung der jeweils am Stickstoff methylierten Derivate von Piperonylamin ( 1a ), methoxy‐ und methylendioxy‐substituierten β‐Phenyl‐äthylaminen ( 5a – g ), 3‐[3.4‐Methylendioxy‐phenyl]‐propylamin ( 6 ), 3‐Methyl‐4‐[3.4‐methylendioxy‐phenyl]‐buten‐(3)‐ylamin ( 7c ) und 5‐[3.4‐Methylendioxy‐phenyl]‐ ( 8i ) bzw. 5‐[2‐Methoxy‐3.4‐methylendioxy‐phenyl]‐pentylamin ( 9i ) beschrieben.
A Bayesian network-based expert query system for a distributed database system (2002)

A distributed database is a collection of data sources distributed across many computers. It is a single logical and centrally managed database stored in multiple physical locations. In order to access data locally and manage data globally, a good distributed database system (DDBS) that can supply reliable and up-to-date information is critical. A good DDBS should have functionalities such as providing users with timely and flexible access to information, providing DBA (database administrator) personnel with tools to analyze the data in a meaningful manner, and allowing the personnel to control the safety and integrity of the data. However, query processing in such a distributed database system is complicated. For example, some important issues are how to keep data up-to-date when it is physically dispersed, and how to propagate information to the whole DDBS when an update occurs. In response to these issues, we propose an expert query system that uses a Bayesian network as its framework to propagate information and to keep data up-to-date for a DDBS. The goal of this query system is to assist the DBA personnel in maintaining the data dynamically and to assist the users in accessing reliable and timely information.
An overview of glide testing (2003)

Low flying air-bearings, "sliders," with contact sensors are used to "glide" test magnetic recording disks to be free of asperities above a predetermined height. A technical overview of the considerations necessary for accurate glide testing is illustrated by the example of an experimental flat plate PZT sensor, with electrodes divided into quadrants, to detect asperity contact. The flat plate PZT sensor detects the slider dynamic pitch, roll, and vertical vibrations of the air bearing by contact with asperities of sufficient mechanical stiffness. The sensor also detects contact by the extremely sensitive response of the resonant vibrations of the PZT/slider structure. Different linear combinations of the signal from the quadrants show mode selection based on mode symmetry. The signal response for increasing asperity interference is characterized for specific modes and a mode can be chosen by the appropriate linear combination of the signals from the quadrants. Calibration of the glide slider trailing edge flying height and roll using contact with artificial bumps of different heights is necessary for accurate glide testing. One can map the entire disk surface using the contact signal from both the air-bearing response and the bending mode response simultaneously to identify mechanically "stiff" asperities.
Upgrading of high metals Boscan residuum via co-processing with Nova Scotia bituminous coal (1995)

Hydrocarbon Research, Inc. (HRI) has successfully completed a coal/oil co-processing bench-scale operation for Scotia Synfuels, Ltd. The objective of this bench-scale operation was to assess the reactivity of Nova Scotia bituminous coal (Phalen seam) in co-processing operations with a high metals Venezuelan atmospheric residuum (Boscan). The bench-scale operation included four different operating conditions to evaluate the impact of temperature, coal concentration in the feed slurry, and catalyst deactivation, on the process performance for the selected feedstocks. The Nova Scotia bituminous coal tested contained 2.1 wt% sulfur and 6.6 wt% ash. The Boscan atmospheric residuum tested contained 69 vol% boiling in excess of 524{degrees}C, with 5.7 wt% sulfur and more than 1500 wppm metals (nickel and vanadium). A prior bench-scale program conducted at HRI in 1989 for Scotia Synfuels, Ltd., had successfully tested the reactivity of Nova Scotia bituminous coal in co-processing operations with a blend of Cold Lake and Lloydminster atmospheric residuum. This oil feedstock, however, had less than 300 wppm metals (nickel and vanadium). Subsequent commercial feasibility studies performed by Scotia Synfuels, Ltd., showed more favorable project economics could be achieved if high metals Venezuelan oil feedstocks could be processed, and achieve similar levels of process performance. Results frommore » this bench test on Boscan atmospheric residuum compare extremely well with the results from the prior bench program. Comparing results at the same period of operation, and at essentially the same operating conditions, shows process performance levels to be equivalent for both feedstock combinations. In one test condition, operations were maintained at constant levels for a 10-day period, with the coal concentration in the feed slurry at 33 wt%.« less
Photoassociation spectroscopy of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Sr</mml:mi><mml:mprescripts/><mml:none/><mml:mn>88</mml:mn></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:math>: Reconstruction of the wave function near the last node (2006)

We have investigated photoassociation (PA) spectra of ultracold $^{88}\mathrm{Sr}$ atoms near the $5{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{1}S_{0}+5s5p\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{1}P_{1}$ atomic asymptote. The intensity modulation of the PA lines was used to reconstruct the ground-state scattering wave function, whose last nodal point was determined to be ${r}_{0}=3.78(18)\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$. The PA lines also determined a precise lifetime of the $^{1}P_{1}$ state to be $5.263(4)\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ns}$.