gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Immunization with Hapten-Coupled HCG on the Human Menstrual Cycle (1973)

Six women, electively sterilized by tubal ligation and having regular ovulatory menstrual cycles, were immunized with human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) hapten-coupled with the diazonium salt of sulphanilic-acid. Ten mg of altered homone were injected at 2-week intervals, twice subcutaneously in oil, then twice intradermally in saline. Serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrone (E1), estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels were determined by radioimmunoassay before and after immunization. After treatment, antibodies to unaltered HCG were produced in all subjects. Serum levels of LH were reduced and alterations in midcycle LH peaks were observed in all subjects. Patterns of serum progesterone were suggestive of ovulation in 2 subjects following treatment. Serum E1 and E2 patterns were variable. Four women were studied 6 months after the initial injection and 3 showed ovulatory P4 patterns despite the absence of a midcycle serum LH rise in 2 subjects. The presence of simultaneous detectable LH and anti-HCG antibodies in the radioassay system is unexplained. Why apparent ovulation occurred in the absence of an immunologically detectable LH peak at mid-cycle is speculative. Practical use of active isoimmunization may prove of considerable value in the study of reproductive mechanisms and perhaps in fertility regulation in humans.
Yeast Mitochondria Lacking the Phosphate Carrier/p32 Are Blocked in Phosphate Transport but Can Import Preproteins after Regeneration of a Membrane Potential (1996)

Two different functions have been proposed for the phosphate carrier protein/p32 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria: transport of phosphate and requirement for import of precursor proteins into mitochondria. We characterized a yeast mutant lacking the gene for the phosphate carrier/p32 and found both a block in the import of phosphate and a strong reduction in the import of preproteins transported to the mitochondrial inner membrane and matrix. Binding of preproteins to the surface of mutant mitochondria and import of outer membrane proteins were not inhibited, indicating that the inhibition of protein import occurred after the recognition step at the outer membrane. The membrane potential across the inner membrane of the mutant mitochondria was strongly reduced. Restoration of the membrane potential restored preprotein import but did not affect the block of phosphate transport of the mutant mitochondria. We conclude that the inhibition of protein import into mitochondria lacking the phosphate carrier/p32 is indirectly caused by a reduction of the mitochondrial membrane potential (delta(gamma)), and we propose a model that the reduction of delta(psi) is due to the defective phosphate import, suggesting that phosphate transport is the primary function of the phosphate carrier/p32.
Classification of the mycoparasite <i>Gliocladium roseum</i> in <i>Clonostachys</i> as <i>C. rosea</i>, its relationship to <i>Bionectria ochroleuca</i>, and notes on other <i>Gliocladium</i>-like fungi (1999)

Because the common soil fungus and mycoparasite Gliocladium roseum differs from the type species of Gliocladium, G. penicillioides, in morphology, ecology, teleomorph, and DNA sequence data, it is classified in a separate genus, Clonostachys. Penicillium roseum is the oldest available name for G. roseum and is recombined as C. rosea. Penicillium roseum, described from potato in Germany, is neotypified by a conidial isolate originating from a fungal substratum in European soil. By choosing this strain as neotype for P. roseum the epithet is formally linked to the common soil fungus used in the biocontrol of fungal plant pathogens. The anamorph of Bionectria ochroleuca (Hypocreales) is morphologically indistinguishable from C. rosea; both morphs are redescribed. Bionectria is generically distinct from Nectria s. s. and is the appropriate genus for species of the Nectria ochroleuca group. The anamorph genus Gliocladium s. s. is associated with teleomorphs in Sphaerostilbella and Hypocrea series Pallidae. With the separation of Clonostachys from Gliocladium and Bionectria from Nectria the generic classification reflects natural relationships. A generic circumscription is proposed for Clonostachys and compared with Gliocladium. Nectriopsis sporangiicola and Roumegueriella rufula are related to Bionectria but have distinct Gliocladium-like anamorphs. Based on morphological features, Rhopalocladium myxophilum gen. et sp. nov. is proposed for the anamorph of N. sporangiicola. The anamorph of Roumegueriella rufula is generally found in association with the teleomorph and is referred to as Gliocladium-like.
Emerging Semiconductor Technology (1987)

Description Fourth in a series, STP 960 addresses new problems in semiconductor processing for the mid ‘80s. A total of 50 papers cover; Epitaxial Technology; Dielectrics and Junction Formation Techniques; Material Defects, Oxygen and Carbon in Silicon; Yield Enhancement and Contamination Control Aspects; Dopant Profiling Techniques and In-Process Measurements; and Fab Equipment: Automation and Reliability.
NaI(Tl) camera crystals: imaging capabilities of hydrated regions on the crystal surface. (1986)

Sodium iodide (NaI[Tl]) camera crystals may become hydrated. Hydration results in small spots on the crystal surface that at first are white but later turn yellowish. The appearance of these spots--as any artifact--in a diagnostic image is to be avoided, and the crystal should be replaced. The image of the hydrated spots of an aged NaI(Tl) camera crystal has been shown to appear in thallium-201 and xenon-133 flood-field images but not in cobalt-57, technetium-99m, iodine-131, and iodine-125 flood-field tests, giving an apparent energy dependence to the imaging capabilities of the hydrated spots. A simple method is presented, in the energy range represented by the isotopes above, that can be used as a quality-control test for any camera crystal, and an interpretation of the imaging process of the hydrated spots is proposed.
The CD99 signal enhances Fas‐mediated apoptosis in the human leukemic cell line, Jurkat (2003)

The CD99 antigen has been implicated in various cellular processes, including apoptosis in T cells. Previously, we reported two monoclonal antibodies that recognize different epitopes of the CD99 molecule, named DN16 and YG32. In this study, we investigated the role of each CD99 epitope in T cell apoptosis. Unlike the DN16 epitope, CD99 ligation via the YG32 epitope failed to induce T cell death. Surprisingly, however, the YG32 signal enhanced Fas-mediated apoptosis in Jurkat T cells. Augmentation of Fas-mediated apoptosis by YG32 ligation was inhibited by treatment with either of the caspase inhibitors z-VAD-fmk or z-IETD-fmk, and YG32 ligation appeared to induce Fas oligomerization. These results suggest that each CD99 epitope plays a distinct role in T cell biology, especially in T cell apoptosis.
Starfire: extending the SMP envelope (1998)

Like most multiboard systems, Starfire has a two-level interconnect. The on-board interconnect conveys traffic from the processors, SBus cards, and memory to the off-board address and data ports. The centerplane interconnect transfers addresses and data benveen the boards. Memory accesses always traverse the global interconnect, even if the requested memory location is physically on the same board. Addresses must be sent off board anyway to accomplish global snooping. Data transfers are highly pipelined, and local shortcuts to save a few cycles would have unduly complicated the design. As with the rest of the Ultra server family, Starfire's uniform-memory-access time is independent of the board where memory is located.
Structured Illumination Microscopy Image Reconstruction Algorithm (2016)

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is a very important super-resolution microscopy technique, which provides high speed super-resolution with about two-fold spatial resolution enhancement. Several attempts aimed at improving the performance of SIM reconstruction algorithm have been reported. However, most of these highlight only one specific aspect of the SIM reconstruction - such as the determination of the illumination pattern phase shift accurately - whereas other key elements - such as determination of modulation factor, estimation of object power spectrum, Wiener filtering frequency components with inclusion of object power spectrum information, translocating and the merging of the overlapping frequency components - are usually glossed over superficially. In addition, most of the study reported lie scattered throughout the literature and a comprehensive review of the theoretical background is found lacking. The purpose of the present study is two-fold: 1) to collect the essential theoretical details of SIM algorithm at one place, thereby making them readily accessible to readers for the first time; and 2) to provide an open source SIM reconstruction code (named OpenSIM), which enables users to interactively vary the code parameters and study it's effect on reconstructed SIM image.
Universal bony ankylosis, or arthritis ossificans (1897)

I PROPOSE to describe a diseased condition, which, owing to its rarity, and to its reseniblance to other allied and well-known diseases, has hitherto been regarded as a variety of that great class-the rheumatic diseases.From time to time during the present century a few cases have been observed and described in Europe and in America; but these cases have been regarded either as curiosities or as peculiar instances of chronic rheumatism, of rheumatic gout, or of gout itself.I n such cases the joints become stiff, and this stiffening may end in rigidity, almost every joint in the body being involved, when the tern1 universal ankylosis is, indeed, an appropriate one.Some five or six years ago I was invited by Mr. Balding of Iloyston to see a man whom he has had under his care, on and off, for many years.This man, whose case is the first herein described, has suffered for a long period, indeed for the greater part of his life, from bony ankylosis of all the chief joints of his body ; and now his skeleton forms almost one solid piece of bone, almost all the joints being stiff and rigid.Since, I have had the opportunity of observing and noting the progress of three other cases which, I think, are of interest, and which will serve to illustrate the disease as to its different types, its progress, and its termination.Not only has this malady a distinctive clinical course, but it has also a distinctive morbid anatomy, the joints attacked being affected in a manner different from that seen in already described and known joint diseases.Arthritis oss$cans, as I would call this disease, is characterised by one essential feature, namely, that the joints attacked-it is true, not quite without exception-become obliterated, and the articular ends of the bones grow together; in short, the bones forming the affected joints become fused with one another, so that the cancellous tissue of
Incremental transformation of procedural systems to object oriented platforms (2004)

Over the past years, the reengineering of legacy software systems to object oriented platforms has received significant attention. In this paper, we present a generic re-engineering source code transformation framework to support the incremental migration of such procedural legacy systems to object oriented platforms. First, a source code representation framework that uses a generic domain model for procedural languages allows for the representation of abstract syntax trees as XML documents. Second, a set of transformations allow for the identification of object models in specific parts of the legacy source code. In this way, the migration process is applied incrementally on different parts of the system. A clustering technique is used to decompose a program into a set of smaller components that are suitable for the incremental migration process. Finally, the migration process gradually composes the object models obtained at every stage to generate an amalgamated object model for the whole system. . A case study for the migration of a medium size C system to C++ is discussed as a proof of concept.
Modulation of Contractile Protein Troponin-T in Chick Myocardial Cells by Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor During Development (1994)

We quantified the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) on the contractile protein troponin-T (TnT) at the cellular and subcellular level in cultures of chick embryo cardiomyocytes obtained from Hamburger and Hamilton's (HH) stage 19, 29, and 39 embryos. Because expression of thin-filament molecules is considered a good marker of differentiation in muscle cell cultures, we analyzed the modifications these growth factors induced in the transcription of the gene for chick cardiac TnT. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamate gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblotting showed that cytoplasmic and cytoskeletal concentrations of TnT are dependent on the stage of embryonic development analyzed and on the type of growth factors added to the culture. The most significant finding was the increase in TnT expression in the cytoplasmic compartment (p < 0.001), accompanied by a slight increase in TnT mRNA, after treatment with bFGF of chick heart cells obtained at HH stage 19. At HH stage 39, bFGF induced less marked changes in the accumulation of TnT in comparison with untreated cardiomyocytes. Our findings support the hypothesis that bFGF plays a role in cardiomyocyte differentiation during early stages of development.
Capillary Electrophoresis–Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment Selection of Base- and Sugar-Modified DNA Aptamers: Target Binding Dominated by 2′-<i>O</i>,4′-<i>C</i>-Methylene-Bridged/Locked Nucleic Acid Primer (2013)

Chemically modified DNA aptamers specific to human α-thrombin were obtained from oligodeoxyribonucleotide (ODN) libraries by using a capillary electrophoresis-systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (CE-SELEX) method. These libraries contained 2'-O,4'-C-methylene-bridged/linked bicyclic ribonucleotides (B/L nucleotides) in the primer region and/or C5-modified thymidine bearing N(6)-ethyladenine (t) in the nonprimer region. Modified DNA aptamers showed high binding affinities to the target, with dissociation constants (Kd) values in the range of subnanomolar to several ten nanomolar levels. The introduction of base modification significantly suppressed the frequency of G-quadruplex motifs, which are often seen in thrombin-binding DNA aptamers. The resulting alternatives contained the 10-mer consensus sequence t5Gt2G2, which is frequently found in modified DNA aptamers with subnanomolar protein binding affinities. Furthermore, some base- and sugar-modified DNA aptamers with the 12-mer consensus sequence t2G2tC(A/G)A2G2t displayed binding activities that were dependent on the presence of B/L nucleotides in the primer region. Such aptamers were interestingly not recovered from a natural DNA library or from DNA libraries modified with either B/L nucleotides or t's. This emerging characteristic binding property will enable the creation of a direct selection methodology for DNA-based molecular switches that are triggered by chemical conversion of B/L nucleotides introduced to constant sequence regions in ODN libraries.
Structural Properties of Six Tibial Fixation Methods for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Soft Tissue Grafts (1999)

This study compared the stiffness (K), yield load (YL), and slippage (SL) of six tibial fixation methods. These properties were determined from load-to-failure and cyclic tests of double-looped tendon grafts fixed to both animal and young human tissue. Tandem washers (K = 259 N/mm, YL = 1159 N, SL = 0.5 mm) and the Washerloc (K = 248 N/mm, YL = 905 N, SL = 2.0 mm) were the two best fixations. At 500 N of load, which is the estimated daily tension of an anterior cruciate ligament graft during intensive rehabilitation, slippage was significantly greater in either of the other two methods for sutures tied to a post (4.9 mm), double staples (3.3 mm), and a 20-mm spiked metal washer (3.5 mm). Interference screw fixation performed well in animal tissue (YL = 776 N), but was significantly worse in young human tissue (YL = 350 N), with 57% of the fixations failing before 500 N of load. Animal tissue should not be used to estimate the performance of interference screw fixation in human tissue. Because 57% of the interference screw fixations using human tissue failed at loads below 500 N, their ability to provide adequate fixation during intensive rehabilitation should be questioned. However, both the Washerloc and tandem washers and screws provide fixation structural properties in young human tibia that should be appropriate for intensive rehabilitation.
Human serum protein fractionation by gel filtration (1970)

The development of a quantitative immunological technique using polyvalent antiserum permits a more logical approach to the fractionation of complex protein mixtures. In this study whole serum was separated by conventional gel filtration and the fractions obtained were analysed. This demonstrates over 60 immunologically distinct serum proteins. Because the current terminology is inadequate to describe this number of proteins, a temporary numerical nomenclature has been used.
Effect of Medium Supplements on Tick Cells in Culture (1982)

The growth of tick cells in Leibovitz's L--15 medium supplemented with various concentrations of fetal bovine serum (FBS), tryptose phosphate broth (TPB), and tick egg extract (TEE) was evaluated using a protein assay. A continuous cell line from Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (RA 243) was compared with young lines of cells isolated from embryos of R. appendiculatus (RAE 25) and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (RSE 8). We found fetal bovine serum and tryptose phosphate broth both to be essential supplements. The addition of tick egg extract further stimulated growth. The yield of cellular protein in both young and continuous lines of tick cells increased as a function of the concentration of tryptose phosphate broth from 0 to 10%, and fetal bovine serum from 2.5 to 20%. The growth of the RA 243 line correlated negatively with the size of the inoculum and positively with the concentration of fetal bovine serum, as the greatest increase in cell protein was obtained when cells were seeded at a low density into a medium containing 20% fetal bovine serum. The addition of an extract prepared from eggs of R. sanguineus or Hyalomma excavatum improved yields of cultures and promoted cell growth at low population densities. The protein yield increased as a function of tick egg extract concentration, but 0.8% inhibited growth of the RA 243 line. The RA 243 line could be propagated in a medium supplemented with 10% tryptose phosphate broth, 5% fetal bovine serum, and 0.5% tick egg extract.
Facilitated Production of Secretory IgA against Shiga Toxin B Subunits by Intranasal Application of Antigen‐Coated Polystyrene Microspheres (2005)

We examined the effects of microspheres as antigen carriers in mucosal immunization. Shiga toxin B subunits (Stx1B) were adsorbed on 6 mum polystyrene microspheres, which were then intranasally administered to mice together with cholera toxin (CT). Stx1B-specific serum IgG production and secretory IgA production at local mucosal sites were enhanced by the use of microspheres. When OVA was used as a model antigen, secretory IgA production but not serum IgG production was enhanced on the use of microspheres. These results indicated that microspheres provide a useful means of potentiating the immune response against Stx1B with weak immunogenicity.
X-ray excited luminescent chemical imaging (XELCI) for non-invasive imaging of implant infections (2017)

X-ray excited luminescent chemical imaging (XELCI) uses a combination of X-ray excitation to provide high resolution and optical detection to provide chemical sensing. A key application is to detect and study implant-associated infection. The implant is coated with a layer of X-ray scintillators which generate visible near infrared light when irradiated with an X-ray beam. This light first passes through a pH indicator dye-loaded film placed over the scintillator film in order to modulate the luminescence spectrum according to pH. The light then passes through tissue is collected and the spectral ratio measured to determine pH. A focused X-ray beam irradiates a point in the scintillator film, and a pH image is formed point-by-point by scanning the beam across the sample. The sensor and scanning system are described along with preliminary results showing images in rabbit models.
A cityon the move:Shanghai (2004)

Shanghai, the city that I visited eight years ago was fast disappearing and instead a glitzy city of glass, steel and concrete is rising up to replace it. The small, old houses that used to be everywhere have all but been replaced by modern development and the last remaining patches of run down buildings along Suzhou Creek are set to be redeveloped in the next few years.
Synthesis and calcium antagonistic activity of (+)-(R)- and (-)-(S)-3-acetyl-2-(5-methoxy-2-(4-(N-methyl-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethyl)amino)butoxy)phenyl)benzothiazoline hydrochloride. (1990)

SA2572 ((+)-1), 3-acetyl-2-[5-methoxy-2-[4-[N-methyl-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethyl) amino] butoxy]phenyl]-benzothiazoline hydrochloride is a newly synthesized Ca2+ antagonist having a inhibitory effect on the fast Na+ inward channel. In order to clarify the absolute configurations and the pharmacological properties of both enantiomers, compounds ((+)-1 and (-)-1) were synthesized. The configurations of these compounds were assigned on the basis of an X-ray crystallographic analysis of synthetic precursor (5). The in vitro Ca2+ channel blocking activities of (+)-1 and (-)-1 were evaluated in terms of the inhibitory activities on depolarization-induced contraction of guinea pig taenia cecum and rabbit aorta. The in vivo efficacy of the enantiomers was evaluated with their hypotensive effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Compound (-)-1 showed more potent Ca2+ antagonistic activities on guinea pig taenia cecum and rabbit aorta and the hypotensive effect than those activities of (+)-1. In the electrophysiological study of Langendorff perfused rabbit hearts, compound (+)-1 showed more potent inhibitory effect on the fast Na+ inward channel than that of compound (-)-1, and an approximately equal potent inhibitory effect on the slow Ca2+ inward channel as compared with compound (-)-1. Stereoselectivity of the pharmacological activity was found.
Drawbacks and Prognostic Value of Formulas Estimating Renal Function in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure and Systolic Dysfunction (2006)

In the more severe ranges of CHF, creatinine-based formulas and CrCl corrected for body surface area appeared to be more precise and accurate in estimating true GFR corrected for body surface area. The MDRD formula is the most precise and has a good prognostic value, whereas the sMDRD is slightly less accurate but uses fewer parameters, which makes this formula a practical alternative in clinical practice.