gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning of anti-gal fabs from combinatorial phage display libraries: Structural analysis and comparison of fab expression in pComb3H and pComb8 phage (1997)

Anti-Gal is the most abundant natural antibody in humans. It interacts specifically with the carbohydrate epitope Gal alpha1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-R (termed the alpha-galactosyl epitope). In an attempt to characterize the Ig genes encoding anti-Gal, two combinatorial phage display libraries in phagemid pComb3H were screened for anti-Gal Fabs. For this purpose, phages were incubated with biotinylated BSA coupled with alpha-galactosyl epitopes (designated alpha-Gal-BSA). Subsequently, phages complexed with alpha-Gal-BSA were isolated by streptavidin-coupled magnetic beads. Because of the low affinity of this antibody, a characteristic shared with other anti-carbohydrate antibodies, only two clones displaying anti-Gal activity were isolated. Clone G9 contained the VH gene V3-43 and VL gene DPK15, whereas clone P19 contained the VH gene V3-15 and VL gene DPL16. Both clones contained between five and 14 mutations in their H and L chain V genes. The affinity of clone G9 was found to be higher than that of clone P19, as only the former could bind to solid-phase alpha-galactosyl epitopes in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. This interaction could be increased by expressing Fabs in phagemid pComb8 grown in the presence of IPTG. Under such conditions, the IPTG-activated Lac-Z promoter induces an increased expression of Fabs that are linked to phage envelope protein VIII, resulting in multiple Fab display on the phage. The data suggest that screening combinatorial phage display libraries for anti-carbohydrate antibodies may be more effective with pComb8 phage grown in the presence of IPTG.
Stereospecific Tricyclization of a Polyolefinic Acetal (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereospecific Tricyclization of a Polyolefinic AcetalWilliam S. Johnson and Robin B. KinnelCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 16, 3861–3862Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1966https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00968a035Request reuse permissionsArticle Views308Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (268 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Measuring the Susceptibility of Asphalts to Temperature Changes (1936)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMeasuring the Susceptibility of Asphalts to Temperature ChangesA. Holmes, J. O. Collins, and W. C. ChildCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1936, 8, 2, 100–104Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1936Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1936https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50100a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50100a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views155Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Spray Pyrolysis in a Circulating Fluidized Bed. (1996)

In order to prepare fine metal-oxide particles and circulating fluidized particles coated with metal compounds, experimental investigations were carried out to study spray pyrolysis using the superior heat transfer characteristics of a circulating fluidized bed (CFB). Quartz sand particles of three different size ranges were used as circulating fluidized particles in the CFB loop, and a nickel-acetate solution was injected as droplets into the CFB riser.It was recognized that the size distribution of the prepared particles was considerably affected by the size of circulating fluidized particles. Increasing the circulating fluidized particle size was found to lead to larger nickel-oxide particles. It was shown that the concentration of the injected nickel-acetate solution had no influence on the geometric characteristics of the prepared nickel-oxide particles.
今后十年中十个关键性生物技术问题——《遗传工程新闻》的预测 (1990)

尽管许多因素将在未来的生物技术领域中起作用,但美国华盛顿的产业生物技术协会(Industrial Biotechnology Association)从中鉴别出十个最为重要的生物技术问题.即:动物专利、政府参与、科普和培训、保健费用和赔偿、欧洲的生物技术、专利申请的积压、食品安全性、责任保险、管理的不确定性和财力及公众事物和观念问题。
A Phase Diagram for Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles in Homopolymer Matrices (2012)

We quantified the stability of polystyrene- (PS-) grafted silica nanoparticles (NPs) in PS matrices with ultrasmall angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and developed a phase diagram to predict NP dispersion based on the graft polymer density, σ, and the graft and free polymer molecular weights, or N and P, respectively. Using controlled/living polymerizations, polymer nanocomposites were formulated with silica NPs of radius, R = 9 nm where σ = 0.10–0.70 chains/nm2 at an essentially constant N = 61–68 kg/mol. The matrix molecular weight was varied from P = 37–465 kg/mol permitting us to vary the swelling ratio, P/N = 0.6–7.7. Using USAXS and TEM, we determined whether the PS-grafted NPs were stable and dispersed uniformly, or were unstable and aggregated within the matrix. From these measurements we developed a phase diagram for NP miscibility with respect to σ, P, and N to determine the allophobic and autophobic transitions that correspond to the wetting the drying of the graft polymer brush which control NP stability in polymer matrices.
Investigating Molecular Connections of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease with Associated Pathological Conditions in West Virginia for Biomarker Analysis (2017)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disease characterized by a steatosis of the liver that may progress to more serious pathological conditions including: nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and cirrhosis. As the prevalence of NAFLD has increased worldwide in recent years, pathophysiology and risk factors associated with disease progression of NAFLD are at the focus of many studies. NAFLD is related to and shares common serum biomarkers with cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). West Virginia (WV) is a state with some of the highest rates of CVD, obesity and diabetes mellitus. As NAFLD is closely related to these diseases, it is of particular interest in WV. Currently there is no cost-effective, standardized method used clinically to detect NAFLD prior to the onset of reversible complications. At this time, the diagnosis of NAFLD is made with costly radiologic studies and invasive biopsy. These studies are only diagnostic once changes to hepatic tissue have occurred. The diagnosis of NAFLD by traditional methods may not allow for successful intervention and may not be readily available in areas with already sparse medical resources. In this literature review, we identify a list of biomarkers common among CVD, T2DM, obesity, MetS and NAFLD. From this research we propose the following biomarkers are good candidates for inclusion in a panel of biomarkers for the early detection of NAFLD: adiponectin, AST, ALT, apo-B, CK18, CPS1, CRP, FABP-1, ferritin, GGT, GRP78, HDL-C, IGF-1, IL-1β, 6, 8, 10, IRS-2PAI-1, leptin, lumican, MDA SREBP-1c and TNF-α. Creating and implementing a biomarker panel for the early detection and attenuation of NAFLD, prior to the onset of irreversible complication would provide maximum benefit and decrease the disease burden on the patients and healthcare system of WV.
The structure of a 38-kDa leucine-rich protein (chondroadherin) isolated from bovine cartilage. (1994)

A leucine-rich protein, chondroadherin, has been isolated from dissociative extracts of articular cartilage, and its primary structure has been determined by both direct protein sequencing and DNA sequence analysis of polymerase chain reaction products and cDNA clones. This protein is identical to the 36-kDa protein which was isolated by Larsson et al. (Larsson, T., Sommarin, Y., Paulsson, M., Antonsson, P., Hedbom, E., Wendel, M., and Heinegård, D. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 20428-20433). It has 337 amino acids and exists in several isoforms. The two major isoforms are a form with a calculated molecular weight of 38,353 and a pI of 9.76 and a smaller form with a calculated molecular weight of 37,304 and a pI of 9.5. The two isoforms result from a cleavage near the C terminus. A further level of heterogeneity is found in that an extra alanine can be found prior to the N-terminal cysteine. There are 9 cysteines; disulfide bonds have been directly identified between Cys282-Cys324 and Cys284-Cys304. The principal feature of the protein is a series of 10 leucine-rich repeats. The most N-terminal of these repeats contains a cysteine (Cys63) which is not disulfide-bonded and which is difficult to derivatize. It is likely that this free cysteine is involved in structure-stabilizing hydrogen bonding. The mRNA is approximately 1.6 kilobases, of which 511 base pairs is a 3'-untranslated region between the stop codon and the polyadenylation signal. Based on anchored polymerase chain reaction analysis of the mRNA, there is some minor heterogeneity in the position of the 5' end of the message.
Making Sense of Adult Learning: Experiential Learning (2005)

Eduard Lindeman has described learning, when combined with action, as having the qualities to enrich and solidify an experience. By engaging in a practice of learning through action, he states that “life itself becomes a perpetual experience of learning” ( Keregero, 1989 , p. 196). Building on this concept, a host of theorists and researchers working in the field of experiential learning have been establishing a foundation for the field and providing a stepping‐stone from which to evolve into the future. This paper explores the current state of affairs in the field of experiential learning.
A Scalable Design of Multi-Bit Ferroelectric Content Addressable Memory for Data-Centric Computing (2020)

Content addressable memory (CAM) is widely used for data-centric computing for its massive parallelism and pattern matching capability. Though the CAM density has been improved by replacing the area-consuming SRAM with compact emerging nonvolatile memories (NVMs), its implementation has been limited to single level cell. To further boost the CAM density for data-intensive workloads, exploiting the multi-level cell NVMs is highly desirable. In this work, we demonstrate: 1) a novel scalable and ultra-compact multi-bit 2FeFET1T CAM design based on two ferroelectric FETs (FeFETs) and one transistor; 2) successful operations of the proposed CAM cell and array in experiment based on 2-bit FeFET memory, and sufficient sensing margin for an 1x32 CAM array through statistical analysis considering the device variation; 3) 22.6x area per bit saving compared with SRAM CAM; 4) 16x search speedup, and 29x reduction in energy delay product over the SRAM CAM approach in accelerating a database query processing application.
Cloning characterization of iaaM, a virulence determinant of Pseudomonas savastanoi. (1982)

Genes for indoleacetic acid production (iaaM and iaaH) are necessary for gall induction by the olive pathogen Pseudomonas savastanoi. In strain 2009 these determinants are borne on plasmid pIAA1. To map and characterize the genes, fragments of pIAA1 generated by EcoRI endonuclease treatment were cloned in Escherichia coli by using plasmid RSF1010 as vector. We isolated a recombinant plasmid encoding iaaM, the locus for tryptophan 2-monooxygenase. This plasmid, called pLUC1, was characterized by restriction endonuclease hydrolysis. It contained a 2.75-kilobase-pair segment of pIAA1. By cloning this segment in the EcoRI site of pBR328 and pBRH3B we showed that efficient expression of iaaM was dependent on the orientation with respect to the vector promoters, and thus determined the direction of transcription. To more finely map iaaM and confirm the orientation of transcription, plasmid pLUC1 was subjected to transposon Tn/mutagenesis. The promoter-distal end of iaaM was mapped between coordinates at 1.7 and 2.15 kilobase pairs of the cloned segment.
Reprogramming of Telomerase by Expression of Mutant Telomerase RNA Template in Human Cells Leads to Altered Telomeres That Correlate with Reduced Cell Viability (1997)

Telomerase synthesizes telomeric DNA by copying the template sequence of its own RNA component. In Tetrahymena thermophila and yeast (G. Yu, J. D. Bradley, L. D. Attardi, and E. H. Blackburn, Nature 344:126-131, 1990; M. McEachern and E. H. Blackburn, Nature 376:403-409, 1995), mutations in the template domain of this RNA result in synthesis of mutant telomeres and in impaired cell growth and survival. We have investigated whether mutant telomerase affects the proliferative potential and viability of immortal human cells. Plasmids encoding mutant or wild-type template RNAs (hTRs) of human telomerase and the neomycin resistance gene were transfected into human cells to generate stable transformants. Expression of mutant hTR resulted in the appearance of mutant telomerase activity and in the synthesis of mutant telomeres. Transformed cells were not visibly affected in their growth and viability when grown as mass populations. However, a reduction in plating efficiency and growth rate and an increase in the number of senescent cells were detected in populations with mutant telomeres by colony-forming assays. These results suggest that the presence of mutant telomerase, even if coexpressed with the wild-type enzyme, can be deleterious to cells, likely as a result of the impaired function of hybrid telomeres.
Isolation of Carlaviruses from Some Medicinal Plants (1987)

Carlaviruses were isolated from naturally infected medicinal plants, and identified by means of test plants and electron microscopy. Mottle symptoms were shown on leaves of Panax ginseng, Aralia cordata, Xanthium strumarium, Taraxacum officinale, Aconitum carmichaeli, and Bupleurum longiradiatum var. breviradiatum. Ring spot on leaves of Abutilon avicennae and ring mosaic or vein clearing on leaves of Sambucus sieboldiana were also shown. These viruses had rather narrow host ranges by mechanical inoculation. The virus particles were scattered or aggregated in cytoplasm of infected host plant leaves. The carlaviruses for which the name panax virus S (PaVS), aralia virus S (ArVS), xanthium mottle virus (XaVS), taraxacum virus S (TaVS), aconite mottle virus (AcMV), bupleurum virus S (BuVS) and abutilon ring spot virus (AbRSV) were proposed, had flexuous particles with width 13 nm and length . A reported elder ring mosaic virus was isolated from leaves of Sambucus sieboldiana with ring mosaic or vein-clear symptoms.
Gold Nanoparticle Based Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Spectroscopy of Cancerous and Normal Nasopharyngeal Tissues under Near-Infrared Laser Excitation (2009)

The capabilities of using gold nanoparticle based near-infrared surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) to obtain biochemical information with high spatial resolution from human nasopharyngeal tissue were presented in this paper. The gold nanoparticles used have a mean diameter of 43 nm with a standard deviation of 6 nm. The SERS bands of nasopharyngeal tissue were assigned to known molecular vibrations of nucleic acids, amino acids, proteins, and metabolites. We also observed the blinking phenomenon at the tissue level when measuring the nasopharyngeal tissue SERS spectra, most frequently in signal intensity but also occasionally in peak positions. This phenomenon is excitation light intensity dependent. This work demonstrated great potential for using SERS imaging for distinguishing cancerous and normal nasopharyngeal tissues on frozen sections without using any dye labeling or other chemical species as functionalized binding sites.
Universality in cellular automata (1970)

Complex behavior by machines can be achieved by either having a large number of very simple machines or by having a complex machine with which to start. Our primary interest in this paper was with the former. By considering the global behavior of a large number of the simplest of machines, the following results were shown: 1. An array of identical square cells each of which can exist in only four states and communicates with its four nearest neighbors (forming a neighborhood of five cells) can a) perform any computation which is computable and b) construct (almost) any configuration--in particular, it can be self-reproducing. Cells capable of the first behavior are called universal computers; the second behavior characterizes the universal constructor. 2. A three state, five neighbor cell is capable of universal computation when configured in a finite initial area. 3. Two states and five neighbors are sufficient for universal computation, but require an infinite initial configuration. Being parallel machines, these cellular automata can serve as a good theoretical basis for parallel computation and should be useful mathematically in many of the same areas as the Turing Machine. Practical physical applications were also indicated.
The positive column of low-pressure Hg/Ne and Hg/Ne/Ar discharges (1974)

The electron density at the axis, the electron temperature and the electric field strength of the positive column of low-pressure Hg/Ne discharges have been measured using electrostatic probes. The measurements have been carried out for discharge currents between 0·1 and 0·8 A, noble gas pressures between 0·3 and 10 Torr, tube wall temperatures in the range of 13-70°C, and an inner tube radius of 18 mm. The addition of argon to neon as a filling gas has also been studied.
AIDS vaccine development: perspectives, challenges & hopes. (2005)

The worldwide quest for an AIDS vaccine represents an unprecedented scientific and human challenge for the 21st century. Preventive vaccines represent our only long-term hope to stop the epidemic. AIDS vaccines must be seen as the ultimate prevention tool that will complement the existing prevention strategies in place. The acceleration of vaccine development through the parallel exploration of several scientific approaches and implementation of clinical trials are the best and probably only way to reach this goal, and the best vaccines have moved into phase II and efficacy trials. Ideally an AIDS vaccine should induce both neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1 primary isolates and cell-mediated responses. AIDS vaccines could prevent either HIV infection or progression to disease and decrease transmission by reducing the HIV viral load. Most of the vaccine approaches developed so far aim at inducing cell-mediated immune responses. New vector-based vaccines include modified vaccinia Ankara, adeno-associated virus, adenovirus and alpha viruses. Considerable efforts are on to develop vaccines that would induce neutralizing antibodies. All vaccines tested so far in humans have proven to be safe. This long-term endeavour requires strong and renewed political leadership and commitment, flexibility of processes, medical and scientific dedication and collaboration on a mission mode along with community participation for immediate action. Recent developments in India highlight clearly the commitment of the Government of India and the scientific community to a long-term global effort to develop an AIDS vaccine.
Mild Cerebellar Neurodegeneration of Aged Heterozygous PCD Mice Increases Cell Fusion of Purkinje and Bone Marrow-Derived Cells (2012)

Bone marrow-derived cells have different plastic properties, especially regarding cell fusion, which increases with time and is prompted by tissue injury. Several recessive mutations, including Purkinje Cell Degeneration, affect the number of Purkinje cells in homozygosis; heterozygous young animals have an apparently normal phenotype but they undergo Purkinje cell loss as they age. Our findings demonstrate that heterozygous pcd mice undergo Purkinje cell loss at postnatal day 300, this slow but steadily progressing cell death starting sooner than has been reported previously and without massive reactive gliosis or inflammation. Here, transplantation of bone marrow stem cells was performed to assess the arrival of bone marrow-derived cells in the cerebellum in these heterozygous mice. Our results reveal that a higher number of cell fusion events occurs in heterozygous animals than in the controls, on days 150 and 300 postnatally. In sum, this study indicates that mild cell death promotes the fusion of bone marrow-derived cells with surviving Purkinje neurons. This phenomenon suggests new therapies for long-lasting neurodegenerative disorders.
Novel Insights into the Molecular Mechanism of Action of DNA Hypomethylating Agents: Role of Protein Kinase C   in Decitabine-Induced Degradation of DNA Methyltransferase 1 (2012)

We have previously demonstrated proteasomal degradation of DNMT1 in mammalian cells following treatment with several DNA hypomethylating agents. Here, we demonstrate dose-dependent degradation of Dnmt1 in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells expressing catalytic site mutant (cys-ser), confirming that the covalent bond formation between Dnmt1 and decitabine-incorporated DNA is not essential for this process. DNMT1o, the oocyte-specific isoform that lacks the N-terminal 118-amino acid domain, did not undergo decitabine-mediated degradation, which further proves the requirement of multiple domains including nuclear localization signal, KEN box, and BAH domains for this process. Analysis of glycerol density gradient fractions of micrococcal nuclease-digested nuclei showed that both nucleosomal and nucleoplasmic DNMT1 are degraded upon decitabine treatment. Among different inhibitors tested, the inhibitors of the proteasomal pathway and several protein kinases impeded decitabine-induced DNMT1 degradation. The maximal effect caused by inhibiting protein kinase C (PKC) persuaded us to investigate further its role in decitabine-mediated DNMT1 degradation. Blockage of the degradation process after treatment with rottlerin, an inhibitor of PKCδ, or after siRNA-mediated depletion of PKCδ, indicated that this protein kinase is involved in decitabine-mediated depletion of DNMT1. PKCδ interacted with and phosphorylated DNMT1 in vitro. Moreover, rottlerin inhibited both basal and decitabine-induced phosphorylation of DNMT1. These studies provide substantial evidence that decitabine-induced degradation of the maintenance methyltransferase DNMT1 does not require covalent bond formation with the substrate and also elucidate its underlying molecular mechanism.