gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Degradation of Cyanophycin by<i>Sedimentibacter hongkongensis</i>Strain KI and<i>Citrobacter amalonaticus</i>Strain G Isolated from an Anaerobic Bacterial Consortium (2005)

Using a combination of various enrichment techniques, the strictly anaerobic, gram-positive, endospore-forming bacterium Sedimentibacter hongkongensis strain KI as revealed by 16S rRNA analysis and the gram-negative enterobacterium Citrobacter amalonaticus strain G as revealed by physiological tests were isolated from an anaerobic cyanophycin (CGP)-degrading bacterial consortium. S. hongkongensis strain KI is the first anaerobic bacterium with the ability to hydrolyze CGP to beta-Asp-Arg and beta-Asp-Lys dipeptides, as revealed by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. However, these primary accumulated hydrolysis products were only partially used by S. hongkongensis strain KI, and significant growth on CGP did not occur. On the other hand, C. amalonaticus strain G did not degrade CGP but grew on the beta-linked iso-dipeptides formed in vitro by enzymatic CGP degradation or in vivo by metabolic activity of S. hongkongensis strain KI. Dipeptide utilization occurred at the highest rate if both strains were used in cocultivation experiments with CGP, indicating that cooperation between different bacteria occurs in anaerobic natural environments for complete CGP turnover. The amino acids obtained from the cleavage of dipeptides were fermented to ethanol, acetic acid, and succinic acid, as revealed by gas chromatographic analysis and by spectrophotometric enzyme assays.
Completion of the AAV Structural Atlas: Serotype Capsid Structures Reveals Clade-Specific Features (2021)

The capsid structures of most Adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotypes, already assigned to an antigenic clade, have been previously determined. This study reports the remaining capsid structures of AAV7, AAV11, AAV12, and AAV13 determined by cryo-electron microscopy and three-dimensional image reconstruction to 2.96, 2.86, 2.54, and 2.76 Å resolution, respectively. These structures complete the structural atlas of the AAV serotype capsids. AAV7 represents the first clade D capsid structure; AAV11 and AAV12 are of a currently unassigned clade that would include AAV4; and AAV13 represents the first AAV2-AAV3 hybrid clade C capsid structure. These newly determined capsid structures all exhibit the AAV capsid features including 5-fold channels, 3-fold protrusions, 2-fold depressions, and a nucleotide binding pocket with an ordered nucleotide in genome-containing capsids. However, these structures have viral proteins that display clade-specific loop conformations. This structural characterization completes our three-dimensional library of the current AAV serotypes to provide an atlas of surface loop configurations compatible with capsid assembly and amenable for future vector engineering efforts. Derived vectors could improve gene delivery success with respect to specific tissue targeting, transduction efficiency, antigenicity or receptor retargeting.
Copper losses and power density of power transformer technologies (2001)

This paper proposes an analysis of copper losses within a classical winding structure of power transformer (copper foil on secondary side). A model of such a structure with a semi-empirical formula, enhanced by 2D-finite element simulation, leads to further understanding of the copper losses mechanisms and associated design guidelines. Related practical designs of power transformers and their power density are presented.
12 V-Class Bipolar Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub>Anode for Low-Voltage System Applications (2016)

A combination of a Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) anode and 4 V-class cathodes has been electrochemically studied with a view to its adoption for 12 V-class bipolar batteries. Five series-connected LTO/LiMn0.85Fe0.1Mg0.05PO4 (LMFP) cells harmonized well with a useable voltage range of 12 V lead-acid batteries, which is suitable for low-voltage system applications. The LMFP cathode had excellent cycle life performance during high-temperature cycling at 60°C and over-discharge cycling tests. In the case of the LTO/Al and the LMFP/Al electrode using an Al current collector in a hybrid solid electrolyte consisting of a cubic garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 and a gel polymer, lithium insertion and extraction occurred smoothly without irreversible reactions in the potential range of 1 to 4.5 V vs. Li/Li+. The thin hybrid solid electrolyte with thickness of a few micrometer exhibited not only high-rate discharge but also a low self-discharge for practical use. It was demonstrated that the fabricated 12 V-class bipolar LTO/LMFP battery with a capacity of 102 mAh had the average discharge voltage of 12.5 V, the energy density of 90 Wh kg−1, and the output power density of 1500 W kg−1 for 10 s. The 12 V-class bipolar LTO/LMFP battery is expected to be suitable for low-voltage systems.
Transforming growth factor β and activin tonically inhibit DNA synthesis in the rat liver (2001)

The present study was conducted to assess the role of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and activin(s) in the regulation of the mass of the liver. To this end, we eliminated TGF-β or activin signaling in intact rat liver by adenovirus-mediated transfer of the gene encoding truncated type II TGF-β receptor (AdextTR) or truncated type II activin receptor (AdextAR). In intact rat liver that received a single application of either AdextTR or AdextAR via the portal vein, DNA synthesis as assessed by bromodeoxy uridine (BrdU) labeling was induced. In AdextTR- or AdextAR-treated rats, nuclear labeling was significantly higher than that in AdexLacZ, adenovirus vector encoding Escherichia coli β-galactosidase gene, or saline-treated rats at 3, 5, 7, and 9 days of infusion. The peak of the BrdU labeling was observed after 7 days of infusion and the labeling decreased thereafter. Apoptosis of hepatocytes, assessed by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated, dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling method was detected after 9 days of infusion. Immunoreactivity of TGF-β and activin A increased in the liver after the blockade of the activin or TGF-β signaling. TGF-β and activin A may have been up-regulated when the action of these ligands was blocked. These results indicate that blockade of the action of either TGF-β or activin leads to the initiation of DNA synthesis in intact liver. TGF-β and activin tonically inhibit hepatocyte growth even in intact liver and may play a critical role in the maintenance of constant liver mass.
Energiewandlersystem für den Betrieb von autarken Sensoren in Fahrzeugen (2003)

Zur Verminderung der Kosten und zur Erhöhung der Zuverlässigkeit ist es zukünftig erforderlich, den Verkabelungsaufwand bei Sensoren im Kraftfahrzeug zu senken. Ein Ansatz ist der so genannte autarke Sensor, der seine Hilfsenergie drahtlos aus dem Umfeld gewinnt und seine gewonnen Messdaten ebenfalls drahtlos an einen Kommunikationspunkt überträgt. In der vorliegenden Dissertation wurde die autarke Energiegewinnung für Sensoren anhand mechanisch / elektrischer Energiewandlersysteme untersucht, die eine von Kabelverbindungen unabhängige Energieversorgung des Sensors ermöglichen sollen. Für ein System, welches aus einem translatorischen Schwinger mit magnetischer Federung und einer Anordnung von Induktionsspulen ohne Eisenkreis besteht, wurden theoretische und praktische Untersuchungen durchgeführt. Ausgehend von der, die Bewegung des Systems beschreibenden Differentialgleichung wurden die Einflüsse verschiedener Federungs- und Dämpfungskräfte untersucht. Daraus wurde eine effektive Schwingungsgleichung abgeleitet und hinsichtlich der Amplitude und der Phase gelöst. Die umgesetzte elektrische Leistung des Wandlers wurde aus dem Realteil des Stromflusses abgeleitet. Mit einem realen Fahrzeug wurden Testfahrten durchgeführt, um verschiedene signifikante Fahrbahndaten zu erhalten. Mit diesen Prozessparametern erfolgten später Messungen im Labor. Dafür wurde ein Schwingprüfstand aufgebaut und mehrere Funktionsmuster von Energiewandlersystemen untersucht.
Transcriptome analysis of peripheral blood from patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review (2018)

In the era of precision medicine, transcriptome analysis of whole gene expression is an essential technology. While DNA microarray has a limited dynamic range and a problem of background hybridization, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has a broader dynamic range and a lower background signal that increase the sensitivity and reproducibility. While transcriptome analyses in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have generally focused on whole peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), analyses of detailed cell subsets have an increased need for understanding the pathophysiology of disease because the involvement of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells in the pathogenesis of RA has been established. Transcriptome analysis of detailed CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell subsets or neutrophils shed new light on the pathophysiology of RA. There are several analyses about the effect of biological treatment. Many studies report the association between type I interferon signature gene expression and response to therapy.
High-performance liquid chromatography of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin with detection in the region of 200 nm (1976)

A sensitive method for the separation of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin by high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis is described. The elution of the phospholipids from a microparticulate (10 mum) silica-gel chromatographic column was monitored with an ultraviolet spectromonitor at 203 nm. Acetonitrile/methanol/water (65:21:14, by vol.) was used as the solvent. It was shown by using synthetic phosphatidylcholines of knowm fatty acid composition and of varying degree of unsaturation that the absorption at 203 nm was primarily due to the isolated double bonds and the response measured varied with the degree of unsaturation. Approx. 1 nmol of phosphatidylcholine, containing at least one double bond per molecule, can be detected. The amounts of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin could be determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet absorption if the apparent extinction coefficient of the material analyzed was established. Alternatively, peaks were collected and the phospholipids were determined by the analysis of phosphorus. The analysis of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin present in the lipid extracts from animal tissues, blood and amniotic fluids were made without interference from other phospholipids or ultraviolet-absorbing material. The method described here is complementary to the high-performance liquid chromatographic method described previously for the analysis of ethanolamine-containing phosphoglycerides and serine-containing phosphoglycerides [Jungalwala, Turel, Evans and McCluer (1975) Biochem. J. 145, 517-526].
MicroRNAs as biomarkers for the progression and prognosis of colon carcinoma (2018)

Early detection is critical for the treatment of colon carcinoma. However, current biomarkers for its diagnosis and prognosis are insufficient and improvement is required. Aberrantly expressed microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) in colon carcinoma have been identified to function as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. In the present study, 245 differentially expressed miRNAs between colon carcinoma and normal tissues were identified by a bioinformatics analysis of a dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas. A six‑miRNA (miR‑149, miR‑3189, miR‑3677, miR‑3917, miR‑4999 and miR‑6854) prognostic prediction system was established, which is able to independently and effectively predict the prognosis of colon carcinoma patients [P<0.001, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)=0.763]. Furthermore, the six miRNAs were highly correlated with the tumor‑nodes‑metastasis (TNM) stage and were able to distinguish between different stages (high vs. low TNM stage, P<0.001). Of note, combination of the six‑miRNA signature and TNM stage provides an improved prediction of the patient's prognosis (AUC=0.797). Functional enrichment analysis revealed the possible mechanistic involvement of these predictive miRNAs in cancer‑associated biological processes and pathways. Taken together, the present study demonstrated the promising potential of the novel six‑miRNA model as an independent factor for the prediction of the progression and prognosis of colon carcinoma.
<title>Trends in laser material processing for cutting, welding, and metal deposition using carbon dioxide, direct diode, and fiber lasers</title> (2005)

New laser technologies challenge the established laser workhorses. The strengths and weaknesses of some of the major players for material processing will be covered. Applications and comparisons will be covered with results in the areas of cutting, welding, and metal deposition. Capability, trends and performance needs for the future will be included for industrial applications.
Vascular Lipid Accumulation, Lipoprotein Oxidation, and Macrophage Lipid Uptake in Hypercholesterolemic Zebrafish (2009)

Lipid accumulation in arteries induces vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis, the major cause of heart attack and stroke in humans. Extreme hyperlipidemia induced in mice and rabbits enables modeling many aspects of human atherosclerosis, but microscopic examination of plaques is possible only postmortem. Here we report that feeding adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) resulted in hypercholesterolemia, remarkable lipoprotein oxidation, and fatty streak formation in the arteries. Feeding an HCD supplemented with a fluorescent cholesteryl ester to optically transparent fli1:EGFP zebrafish larvae in which endothelial cells express green fluorescent protein (GFP), and using confocal microscopy enabled monitoring vascular lipid accumulation and the endothelial cell layer disorganization and thickening in a live animal. The HCD feeding also increased leakage of a fluorescent dextran from the blood vessels. Administering ezetimibe significantly diminished the HCD-induced endothelial cell layer thickening and improved its barrier function. Feeding HCD to lyz:DsRed2 larvae in which macrophages and granulocytes express DsRed resulted in the accumulation of fluorescent myeloid cells in the vascular wall. Using a fluorogenic substrate for phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)), we observed an increased vascular PLA(2) activity in live HCD-fed larvae compared to control larvae. Furthermore, by transplanting genetically modified murine cells into HCD-fed larvae, we demonstrated that toll-like receptor-4 was required for efficient in vivo lipid uptake by macrophages. These results suggest that the novel zebrafish model is suitable for studying temporal characteristics of certain inflammatory processes of early atherogenesis and the in vivo function of vascular cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Certain 5‐Substituted 2′‐Deoxytubercidin Derivatives. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<title>High-power diode-pumped Yb-doped silica fiber laser generating in near-infrared range</title> (2004)

In this paper high power Yb-doped double-clad fiber laser is presented. A Yb<sup>3+</sup>-silica fiber laser has been cladding pumped at 937 nm by a InGaAs semiconductor laser diode and operated with the slope efficiency of 73 ± 3% with respect to the incident pump power. We obtained 4 W cw-output power when working with 20-m long fiber with laser core in 7 μm diameter (cut-off wavelength - 1 μm) and pump core in 120 x 120 μm (rectangle-shaped, NA = 0.6). Yb-doping concentration has been at the level 3 - 10 • 10<sup>19</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup> and attenuation in laser core has been 8 - 12 dB/km. The fiber laser operated at 1084 nm.
Secrecy in concurrent version control systems (2006)

This paper describes two cryptographic protocols for incorporating secrecy in concurrent version control systems in such a way that neither text nor passphrases are ever sent to possibly hostile servers. One of the protocols works for centralized and one for distributed version control systems. Most operations, as defined by the protocols, take linear time on the size of keys or the size of changes made to the content, and the most frequent ones do not depend on the number of users. Both protocols rely on a public key infrastructure for access control.
G.711.1 Annex D and G.722 Annex B - New ITU-T superwideband codecs (2011)

This paper presents high quality monaural superwideband extensions to G.711.1 and G.722, recently standardized as Recommendations ITU-T G.711.1 Annex D and G.722 Annex B. The superwideband (50-14000 Hz) functionality is achieved using embedded scalable structure that adds extension layers on top of the wideband core codecs. The bit rates are extended to 96/112/128 and 64/80/96 kbit/s for G.711.1 and G.722, respectively. The main technologies include lower and higher band (0-4 kHz and 4-8 kHz) enhancements, 8-14 kHz bandwidth extension and transform coding based on algebraic vector quantization. The codecs' performance is illustrated with listening test results extracted from formal ITU-T Characterization tests.
Computers and Privacy: A Survey (1969)

The problem of access control and privacy in computer systems is surveyed in terms of existing systems and current proposals. A review of suggested legal and administrative safeguards is given The bulk of the dmcusslon deals with the current technology, its limitations, and some additional safeguards which have been proposed but not implemented. Finally, a few promising computer science research problems m the field are outhned A partially annotated blbhography of hterature in the area is included.
Annotation Analysis for Testing Drug Safety Signals using Unstructured Clinical Notes (2012)

Our results show that it is possible to apply annotation analysis methods for testing hypotheses about drug safety using electronic medical records.
Electric Log Detection of Diagenetically Altered Reservoirs and Diagenetic Traps (1979)

ABSTRACT Authigenic minerals, especially clay minerals, control the petrophysical properties relating to reservoir quality, particularly permeability and irreducible water saturation. Pore size and shape also are altered significantly by the development of diagenetic clay minerals. However, the most significant result of sandstone diagenesis is the development of a very large surface area within the pore system. The extremely large surface area available for current flow in these pore systems often causes them to appear wet on resistivity logs. Electric log evidence for diagenetically altered zones which may actually be productive or which may be serving as diagenetic traps is very subtle. The main reason is that a very small percentage of diagenetic clays in a reservoir can cause a negligible decrease in SP response while simultaneously causing a significant decrease in the true resistivity values recorded by electric logs (of which the induction types are most significantly affected). Presently, there is no logging program that definitely can detect a productive zone containing diagenetic clays which appears to be border line or wet. Nor is there a program to determine if a nonproductive wet zone is in truth a diagenetic seal or a hydrocarbon accumulation. Until a fast well-site method can be developed to evaluate reservoirs containing diagenetic clay minerals, we must depend on petrographic and scanning electron microscopic analyses to aid us in our search for hydrocarbon production.
Phase 3 study of recombinant factor VIII Fc fusion protein in severe hemophilia A (2013)

This phase 3 pivotal study evaluated the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of a recombinant FVIII Fc fusion protein (rFVIIIFc) for prophylaxis, treatment of acute bleeding, and perioperative hemostatic control in 165 previously treated males aged ≥12 years with severe hemophilia A. The study had 3 treatment arms: arm 1, individualized prophylaxis (25-65 IU/kg every 3-5 days, n = 118); arm 2, weekly prophylaxis (65 IU/kg, n = 24); and arm 3, episodic treatment (10-50 IU/kg, n = 23). A subgroup compared recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) and rFVIIIFc pharmacokinetics. End points included annualized bleeding rate (ABR), inhibitor development, and adverse events. The terminal half-life of rFVIIIFc (19.0 hours) was extended 1.5-fold vs rFVIII (12.4 hours; P < .001). Median ABRs observed in arms 1, 2, and 3 were 1.6, 3.6, and 33.6, respectively. In arm 1, the median weekly dose was 77.9 IU/kg; approximately 30% of subjects achieved a 5-day dosing interval (last 3 months on study). Across arms, 87.3% of bleeding episodes resolved with 1 injection. Adverse events were consistent with those expected in this population; no subjects developed inhibitors. rFVIIIFc was well-tolerated, had a prolonged half-life compared with rFVIII, and resulted in low ABRs when dosed prophylactically 1 to 2 times per week.
Ionometallurgy: designer redox properties for metal processing (2011)

The first electrochemical series in a deep eutectic solvent (DES) is described. Speciation resulting from the unusual chemistry of the choline chloride based DES is used to explain both similarities and differences from aqueous media. We give examples of how these differences can be exploited in technologically important systems.
Fluorescent Fructose Derivatives for Imaging Breast Cancer Cells (2007)

Breast cancer cells are known to overexpress Glut5, a sugar transporter responsible for the transfer of fructose across the cell membrane. Since Glut5 transporter is not significantly expressed in normal breast cells, fructose uptake can potentially be used to differentiate between normal and cancerous cells. Fructose was labeled with two fluorophores at the C-1 position: 7-nitro-1,2,3-benzadiazole (NBD) and Cy5.5. The labeling site was chosen on the basis of the presence and substrate specificity of the key proteins involved in the first steps of fructose metabolism. Using fluorescence microscopy, the uptake of the probes was studied in three breast cancer cell lines: MCF 7, MDA-MB-435, and MDA-MB-231. Both fluorescent fructose derivatives showed a very good uptake in all tested cell lines. The level of uptake was comparable to that of the corresponding glucose analogs, 2-NBDG and Cy5.5-DG. Significant uptake of 1-NBDF derivative was not observed in cells lacking Glut5 transporter, while the uptake of the 1-Cy5.5-DF derivative was independent of the presence of a fructose-specific transporter. While 1-NBDF showed Glut5-specific accumulation, the coupling of a large fluorophore such as Cy5.5 likely introduces big structural and electronic changes, leading to a fructose derivative that does not accurately describe the uptake of fructose in cells.
Utility of cystatin C to monitor renal function in duchenne muscular dystrophy (2009)

Creatinine as a marker of renal function has limited value in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) because of reduced muscle mass. Alternative methods of assessing renal function are sorely needed. Cystatin C, a nonglycosylated protein unaffected by muscle mass, is potentially an ideal biomarker of nephrotoxicity for this population but requires validation. In all, 75 subjects were recruited: 35 DMD (mean age 10.8 +/- 5.4 years, corticosteroids n = 19, ambulatory n = 26), 29 healthy controls, 10 with renal disease, and one DMD with renal failure. Cystatin C levels in DMD were normal irrespective of age, ambulation, or corticosteroid treatment. Serum cystatin C was 0.67 +/- 0.11 mg/l compared to normal controls 0.69 +/- 0.09. mg/l. In these same individuals serum creatinine was severely reduced (0.27 +/- 0.12 mg/dl) versus normals (0.75 +/- 0.15 mg/dl, P < 0.01). In one DMD subject in renal failure, cystatin C was elevated. This study demonstrates the potential value of cystatin C as a biomarker for monitoring renal function in DMD. Its applicability extends to other neuromuscular diseases.