gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymerization of <i>o</i>-Quinodimethanes Bearing Electron-Donating Groups <i>in Situ </i>Formed by Thermal Isomerization of Benzocyclobutenes (1997)

The substituent effect on the polymerization of o-quinodimethanes generated by thermal isomerization of benzocyclobutenes and the reaction of the obtained polymer is described. Polymerizations of 1-methoxybenzocyclobutene (1), 1-acetoxy benzocyclobutene (2), 1-hydroxybenzocyclobutene (3), and 1-((trimethylsilyl)oxy)benzocyclobutene (4) as benzocyclobutenes bearing electron-donating groups were examined. Although polymerization of 2 and 3 did not afford any polymer, polymerization of 1 and 4 in the presence of a radical initiator gave MeOH-insoluble polymer (Mn = 5000−11000) in moderate yields at temperatures above 90 °C, respectively. The structures of the obtained polymers were confirmed to be ring-opened polymer (5, 6) by IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR. The yield of the polymer increased with increase of the concentration of the initiator. This polymerization was supported to proceed based on the driving force of aromatization stabilizing effect by semiempirical calculation. Radical copolymerizations of 1 with vinyl monomers were carried out to obtain the corresponding copolymers. Lastly, treatment of 3 with p-toluenesulfonic acid (10%) gave poly(o-phenylenevinylene) (7) quantitatively and its properties (UV absorption, Tg, Td10 (10% weight loss temperature)) were estimated.
Rotating gravity gradiometer study (1976)

The application of a Rotating Gravity Gradiometer (RGG) system on board a Lunar Polar Orbiter (LPO) for the measurement of the Lunar gravity field was investigated. A data collection simulation study shows that a gradiometer will give significantly better gravity data than a doppler tracking system for the altitudes under consideration for the LOP, that the present demonstrated sensitivity of the RGG is adequate for measurement of the Lunar gravity gradient field, and that a single RGG instrument will provide almost as much data for geophysical interpretation as an orthogonal three axis RGG system. An engineering study of the RGG sensor/LPO spacecraft interface characteristics shows that the RGG systems under consideration are compatible with the present models of the LPO spacecraft.
Mixed cocatalyst systems in metallocene ethylene polymerization (1995)

Abstract The effect of the cocatalysts resulting from mixing AIR 3 (R = Me (TEA), Et (TEA) and i Bu (TIBA)), and B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 with MAO at different molar ratios on ethylene polymerization activities and on the molecular weight and microstructures of the resulting polymers using the catalyst Cp 2 ZrCl 2 was explored. It has been observed that activities increase at low TMA concentrations with increasing TMA/MAO ratios, reaching a maximum at the TMA/MAO ratio of 0.3‐0.5. A decrease of the polymerization activities was observed at higher TMA/MAO ratios. Addition of TEA or TIBA to the MAO brings about a decrease in the polymerization activities, being the effect stronger for TEA. The use of B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 in the mixed cocatalyst systems leads to higher activities stabilizing also the active centers. The molecular weights of the polyethylenes follow the same trend, i.e. they decrease with increasing AIR 3 /MAO ratios (TIBA, with bulky R, gives the highest molecular weight because of the reduction of chain transfer reactions to the aluminium compound) but they are little affected by the presence of B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 .
Specific inhibitors of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase diminish reactivation of latent virus from explanted murine ganglia (1990)

Two specific inhibitors of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase, N2-phenyl-2'-deoxyguanosine and N2-(m-trifluoromethylphenyl)guanine, were tested for their ability to inhibit the reactivation of virus from explant cultures of latently infected murine trigeminal ganglia. Both compounds significantly diminished the frequency of reactivation compared with that of untreated controls.
A Phase I Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Study of S-3304, a Novel Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitor, in Patients with Advanced and Refractory Solid Tumors (2007)

S-3304 is safe, well tolerated, and achieves plasma concentrations above those required to inhibit MMP-2 and MMP-9. Its intratumoral MMP inhibitory activity has been shown using FIZ, which is useful as a biomarker with this and other MMP inhibitors.
Images with self-correcting capabilities (2003)

In this paper, we introduce two techniques for self-embedding an image in itself as a means for protecting the image content. After self-embedding, it is possible to recover portions of the image that have been cropped out, replaced, damaged, or otherwise tampered without accessing the original image. The first method is based on transforming small 8/spl times/8 blocks using a DCT, quantizing the coefficients, and carefully encoding them in the least significant bits of other, distant squares. This method provides very high quality of reconstruction but it is very fragile. The quality of the reconstructed image areas is roughly equivalent to a 50% quality JPEG compressed original. The second method uses a principle similar to differential encoding to embed a circular shift of the original image with decreased color depth into the original image. The quality of the reconstructed image gradually degrades with increasing amount of noise in the tampered image. The first technique can also be used as a fragile watermark for image authentication, while the second technique can be classified as a semi-robust watermark.
A Meander Channel CCD Linear Image Sensor (1978)

A new type of 1024-element linear image sensor has been developed using a CCD with a meander channel (MCCD). Its simple electrode pattern with no contact windows for clocking promises high yield in the production.
Quantitative subpixel spectral detection of targets in multispectral images (1992)

Spectral mixture analysis was used to determine threshold detection limits of target materials in the presence of background materials within the field of view under various simulated but realistic compositional, instrumental, and topographical conditions. Detection thresholds were determined for the cases where the target is detected as (1) a component of a spectral mixture (continuum threshold analysis) and (2) residuals (residual threshold analysis). In continuum threshold analysis, the target was included as a component during unmixing thereby permitting evaluation of target detectability. In residual threshold analysis, the unmodeled target was detected as wavelength‐dependent deviations of the spectral mixture (target included) from the predicted spectrum (mixtures of the modeled background spectra). High resolution laboratory spectra were used to test the “best case” for target detection in spectral mixtures. Data quality was then decreased to simulate the effects of various imaging instruments (spectral sampling and noise) and changes in lighting geometry. The results show that the contrast of the target spectrum, relative to mixtures of background spectra, determines which level of spectral mixture analysis (continuum or residual analysis) detects the target at the lower threshold. Continuum analysis provides lower thresholds when there is contrast between the target and mixtures of the background spectra throughout much of the spectrum, whereas residual analysis improves detectability when the uniqueness of the target is found in narrow absorption feature(s). Varying spectral sampling (by wavelength) changes the contrast (and detectability) of the target and background materials. Although simple examples of target and background materials are used in this paper, they illustrate a general approach for evaluating the spectral detectability of terrestrial and planetary targets at the subpixel scale. Using spectral mixing analysis as a framework makes it possible to specify the conditions that are necessary to detect a particular material and the most appropriate imaging system for a given application.
Polycrystalline Silicon Recrystallization by Combined CW Laser and Furnace Heating (1984)

A modified CW argon laser‐induced lateral recrystallization of polycrystalline silicon is described. Holding the sample in a furnace at elevated temperature of about 1000°C resulted in significantly reduced thermal gradients and stresses. A wider range of power is allowed for proper recrystallization both on oxide and substrate areas simultaneously. Preferred thermal profiles enabled larger lateral epitaxy of ∼50 μm per single scan. The higher substrate temperature resulted also in wider melted areas and high scan rates of 80 cm/s enabling much shorter processing time.
Lower kinetic limit to protein thermal stability: A proposal regarding protein stability in vivo and its relation with misfolding diseases (2000)

In vitro thermal denaturation experiments suggest that, because of the possibility of irreversible alterations, thermodynamic stability (i.e., a positive value for the unfolding Gibbs energy) does not guarantee that a protein will remain in the native state during a given timescale. Furthermore, irreversible alterations are more likely to occur in vivo than in vitro because (a) some irreversible processes (e.g., aggregation, "undesirable" interactions with other macromolecular components, and proteolysis) are expected to be fast in the "crowded" cellular environment and (b) in many cases, the relevant timescale in vivo (probably related to the half-life for protein degradation) is expected to be longer than the timescale of the usual in vitro experiments (of the order of minutes). We propose, therefore, that many proteins (in particular, thermophilic proteins and "complex" proteins systems) are designed (by evolution) to have significant kinetic stability when confronted with the destabilizing effect of irreversible alterations. We show that, as long as these alterations occur mainly from non-native states (a Lumry-Eyring scenario), the required kinetic stability may be achieved through the design of a sufficiently high activation barrier for unfolding, which we define as the Gibbs energy barrier that separates the native state from the non-native ensemble (unfolded, partially folded, and misfolded states) in the following generalized Lumry-Eyring model: Native State <--> Non-Native Ensemble --> Irreversibly Denatured Protein. Finally, using familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) as an illustrative example, we discuss the relation between stability and amyloid fibril formation in terms of the above viewpoint, which leads us to the two following tentative suggestions: (a) the hot spot defined by the FAP-associated amyloidogenic mutations of transthyretin reflects the structure of the transition state for unfolding and (b) substances that decrease the in vitro rate of transthyretin unfolding could also be inhibitors of amyloid fibril formation.
Adiponectin mitigates the severity of arthritis in mice with collagen‐induced arthritis (2008)

These data suggest that AD may play an anti-inflammatory role in the pathophysiology of RA.
MLL1 is essential for the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (2016)

Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) and therapy-induced senescence (TIS), while tumor-suppressive, also promote procarcinogenic effects by activating the DNA damage response (DDR), which in turn induces inflammation. This inflammatory response prominently includes an array of cytokines known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Previous observations link the transcription-associated methyltransferase and oncoprotein MLL1 to the DDR, leading us to investigate the role of MLL1 in SASP expression. Our findings reveal direct MLL1 epigenetic control over proproliferative cell cycle genes: MLL1 inhibition represses expression of proproliferative cell cycle regulators required for DNA replication and DDR activation, thus disabling SASP expression. Strikingly, however, these effects of MLL1 inhibition on SASP gene expression do not impair OIS and, furthermore, abolish the ability of the SASP to enhance cancer cell proliferation. More broadly, MLL1 inhibition also reduces "SASP-like" inflammatory gene expression from cancer cells in vitro and in vivo independently of senescence. Taken together, these data demonstrate that MLL1 inhibition may be a powerful and effective strategy for inducing cancerous growth arrest through the direct epigenetic regulation of proliferation-promoting genes and the avoidance of deleterious OIS- or TIS-related tumor secretomes, which can promote both drug resistance and tumor progression.
Nanometer-scale pores in low-<i>k</i> dielectric films probed by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (2002)

We measured positron annihilation lifetime spectra in mesoporous low dielectric constant (low-k) methyl-silsesquioxane (MSSQ) films versus porogen load Φ from Φ=0% to 50%. The ortho-positronium lifetime parameters were obtained using both the maximum entropy and discrete lifetime analyses. Open and closed porosity distributions and the average radius of closed pores were obtained. The total porosity and the fraction of open/closed porosities were evaluated. The total porosity increases linearly with porogen load, consistent with the porosity obtained from density measurements. Open porosity occurs from 20% porogen load upwards.
A Low Power Consumption Algorithm for Efficient Energy Consumption in ZigBee Motes (2017)

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are becoming increasingly popular since they can gather information from different locations without wires. This advantage is exploited in applications such as robotic systems, telecare, domotic or smart cities, among others. To gain independence from the electricity grid, WSNs devices are equipped with batteries, therefore their operational time is determined by the time that the batteries can power on the device. As a consequence, engineers must consider low energy consumption as a critical objective to design WSNs. Several approaches can be taken to make efficient use of energy in WSNs, for instance low-duty-cycling sensor networks (LDC-WSN). Based on the LDC-WSNs, we present LOKA, a LOw power Konsumption Algorithm to minimize WSNs energy consumption using different power modes in a sensor mote. The contribution of the work is a novel algorithm called LOKA that implements two duty-cycling mechanisms using the end-device of the ZigBee protocol (of the Application Support Sublayer) and an external microcontroller (Cortex M0+) in order to minimize the energy consumption of a delay tolerant networking. Experiments show that using LOKA, the energy required by the sensor device is reduced to half with respect to the same sensor device without using LOKA.
TIPMerge: recommending experts for integrating changes across branches (2016)

Parallel development in branches is a common software practice. However, past work has found that integration of changes across branches is not easy, and often leads to failures. Thus far, there has been little work to recommend developers who have the right expertise to perform a branch integration. We propose TIPMerge, a novel tool that recommends developers who are best suited to perform merges, by taking into consideration developers’ past experience in the project, their changes in the branches, and de-pendencies among modified files in the branches. We evaluated TIPMerge on 28 projects, which included up to 15,584 merges with at least two developers, and potentially conflicting changes. On average, 85% of the top-3 recommendations by TIPMerge correctly included the developer who performed the merge. Best (accuracy) results of recommendations were at 98%. Our inter-views with developers of two projects reveal that in cases where the TIPMerge recommendation did not match the actual merge developer, the recommended developer had the expertise to per-form the merge, or was involved in a collaborative merge session.
Assessment of proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in precursor stages of gastric carcinoma using the PC10 antibody to PCNA (1993)

Immunohistochemistry using the PC10 antibody to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was applied to archival material from mucosa adjacent to gastric carcinoma ('normal', hyperplasia, complete and incomplete intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia) and non-cancer controls (normal and complete intestinal metaplasia). Overall, increased PCNA indices, with expansion and altered location of the proliferative zones, were observed in carcinoma fields and compared with controls (P < 0.001). These differences were particularly significant in 'normal' mucosa far from carcinoma as compared with normal in controls (P < 0.001). In carcinoma 'fields' distinct patterns of PCNA expression were noted in complete and incomplete intestinal metaplasia. Similarly, in dysplastic lesions high PCNA indices were present either throughout the gland or found predominantly in the upper compartment. We conclude that these differences in PCNA index and staining patterns might prove useful in monitoring the evolution of the disease in the follow-up of patients at risk of developing gastric cancer.
Efficiency optimisation at DC drives for small electrical vehicles (2004)

Electrical vehicles are well recognised for zero emission operation but have severe limitations in practical application due to the restricted energy capacity of batteries. For long operating distances highest overall efficiency is required. DC machines are still considered for cost saving applications when standard machines can be used for small electrical vehicles, especially when modernising existing DC machine cars without changing the mechanics. An efficiency optimised power conversion system with main emphasis on choppers and the power-optimised operation is described. The sources of losses are DC connection lines, fuses, magnetically operated circuit breakers, the drive converter, the auxiliary supply converter (e.g. for lights), the connection lines from converter to motor, the motor and the mechanical power train. All these losses are defined and calculated. The efforts, expenditures and final results for loss minimisation are presented. The MOSFET chopper is designed for highest efficiency with low on-state and switching losses. Despite the fundamental disadvantages of DC motors (rotor windings cooling, commutator, problematic operation at standstill) the overall system can be competitive with AC drives. The described loss minimisation measures increase efficiency remarkable especially for low battery voltages.
Biological activities and metabolic fate of olive oil phenols (2002)

We have been studying the biological activities of olive oil phenols in vitro and in vivo including the bioavailability of phenols and their effects in animals and humans. In vitro, ortho-diphenolic (catecholic) compounds such as oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol exert potent antioxidant activities, such as inhibition of low density lipoproteins oxidation and free radical scavenging. They modify pathophysiological processes at cellular level favorably, e.g. by inhibiting not only the production of superoxide anions and the respiratory burst of neutrophils, but also platelet aggregation and the production of thromboxane and leukotriene B4 by neutrophils. Finally, oleuropein stimulates the release of nitric oxide by macrophages. Most important, recent data demonstrate that oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol, active at concentrations in the low μM range, are dose-dependently absorbed by humans and rats and, at very low doses, maintain their antioxidant activities in vivo. This is indicated by the increase in plasma antioxidant capacity and the reduced excretion of isoprostanes in humans and in sidestream smoke-exposed rats. To this end, our studies demonstrated that high quality, phenol-rich olive oil provides bioactive compounds that exert salubrious effects in humans and thus may contribute to the beneficial properties of the Mediterranean diet.
Development of Chewing in Children From 12 to 48 Months: Longitudinal Study of EMG Patterns (1997)

Developmental changes in the coordinative organization of masticatory muscles were examined longitudinally in four children over 49 experimental sessions spanning the age range of 12-48 mo. Electromyographic (EMG) records were obtained for right and left masseter muscles, right and left temporalis muscles, and the anterior belly of the digastric. Two independent analytic processes were employed, one that relied on identification of onset and offset of muscle activation and a second that used pairwise cross-correlational techniques. The results of these two analyses, which were found to be consistent with each other, demonstrated that the basic chewing pattern of reciprocally activated antagonistic muscle groups is established by 12 mo of age. Nevertheless, chewing efficiency appears to be improved through a variety of changes in the chewing pattern throughout early development. Coupling of activity among the jaw elevator muscles was shown to strengthen with maturation, and the synchrony of onset and offset of these muscles also increased. Coactivation of antagonistic muscles decreased significantly with development. This decrease in antagonistic coactivation and increase in synchrony among jaw elevators, and a parallel decrease in EMG burst duration, were taken as evidence of increased chewing efficiency. No significant differences in the frequency of chewing were found across the ages studied. Additional considerations include the appropriateness of this coordinative infrastructure for other developing oromotor skills, such as speech production. It is suggested that the relatively fixed coordinative framework for chewing exhibited by these children would not be suitable for adaptation to speech movements, which have been shown to rely on a much more variable and adjustable coordinative organization.
Implementing 3600 rotation of Robot on its axis (2012)

In today's world of technology robots are widely used either for some specific tasks that are too dangerous to be performed by humans such as exploring outer space or at the bottom of the sea or for some repetitive type of task which is quite boring for a man. Now-a-days artificial intelligence is widely being implemented in robotic models to make them intelligent enough to behave like a human. The robotic model described in this paper is specifically designed for not only sensing the obstacles in the path but also to eliminate them from the path by picking them up and placing them at another location. Besides this, the robotic model is capable of taking 3600 turn on its own axis, which can be implemented in four-wheelers to make them more convenient to small parking places & efficient turns which is the need of today's transportation industry. This paper focuses and implements an autonomous robot which is not only capable of performing obstacle sensing but it can also take 3600 rotation on its standing place.
Garbage collection policy to improve durability for flash memory (2012)

Flash memory adopts out-of-place update scheme to solve the erase-before-write constraint of flash memory and the free space of flash memory could be used up. Therefore, garbage collection policy is needed to reclaim garbage and obtain free space. The cleaning cost and the degree of wear-leveling are two primary concerns of garbage collection policy. To achieve these two design principles, we propose an efficient least-first garbage collection policy called LFGC to improve durability for flash memory. LFGC links all the dirty blocks by a list in order of the number of erase operations of each block and divides the list into two regions, which are resident region and candidate region. LFGC introduces an efficient victim block selection method to improve the durability for flash memory and prevent increasing the cleaning cost. An efficient cold-detection scheme is also introduced to identify hot valid page and cold valid page when the copy operation happens during the garbage collection policy. Experimental results show that our proposed LFGC outperforms existing garbage collection policies in terms of the number of copy operations, the number of erase operations, and the degree of wear-leveling.