gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A cell-based biosensor for real-time detection of cardiotoxicity using lensfree imaging (2011)

A portable and cost-effective real-time cardiotoxicity biosensor was developed using a CMOS imaging module extracted from a commercially available webcam. The detection system consists of a CMOS imaging module, a white LED and a pinhole. Real-time image processing was conducted by comparing reference and live frame images. To evaluate the engineered system, the effects of two different drugs, isoprenaline and doxorubicin, on the beating rate and beat-to-beat variations of ESC-derived cardiomyocytes were measured. The detection system was used to conclude that the beat-to-beat variability increased under treatment with both isoprenaline and doxorubicin. However, the beating rates increased upon the addition of isoprenaline but decreased for cultures supplemented with doxorubicin. Moreover, the response time for both the beating rates and the beat-to-beat variability of ESC-derived cardiomyocytes under treatment of isoprenaline was shorter than for doxorubicin, although the amount of isoprenaline used in the measurement was three orders of magnitude lower than that of doxorubicin. Given its ability to perform real-time cell monitoring in a simple and inexpensive manner, the proposed system may be useful for a range of cell-based biosensing applications.
Residual β-Cell Function and the Insulin-Like Growth Factor System in Danish Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes (2014)

Independent of pubertal status, T1D was associated with an abnormal IGF system. However, a positive RBF status appeared important but only in prepubertal children, in whom all IGF components but IGFBP-1 were normalized. We speculate that the pubertal GH surge induces insulin resistance, which overrides the stimulatory effect that an RBF may exert on the liver-derived IGF system.
Phase Separation in Borosilicate Glasses as Seen by Electron Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (1970)

Microstructures of two sodium borosilicate glasses were examined. Electron micrographs of replicas of water‐etched fracture surfaces show that the microphases increase in size with the temperature and time of heat treatment. The relative amounts of soluble and insoluble microphases remain essentially unchanged. Scanning electron micrographs of completely leached glasses show that the insoluble phase is randomly interconnected. Scanning electron micrographs of colloidal deposits in the pores of the leached glass, which result from acid leaching of the heat‐treated base glass, are shown. Electron micrographs showing re‐solution of the phases are also included.
Complete sequence of virulence plasmid pEIB1 from the marine fish pathogen Vibrio anguillarum strain MVM425 and location of its replication region (2004)

The worldwide vibriosis marine pathogen V. anguillarum strains contain common virulence, pJM1-like plasmids, independent on the geographical source. The pEIB1 was the second common virulence plasmid, which sequence was determined. Its sequence is highly homologous to pJM1 as they both encode biosynthesis and regulation of the siderophore anguibactin and transport of ferric-anguibactin complexes. Some interesting features as in pJM1 were also identified, such as transposon-like structures. So it can be deferred that the whole DNA sequences of virulent plasmid pEIB1 will be great helpful to future revealing these V. anguillarum virulence-related genes derived during evolution from transposition events or horizontal transfer of genes potentially originating in other organisms. Another result, replication region of pEIB1 locating is the first report about replication of pJM1-like plasmid. This work will be useful for researching pJM1-like plasmid replication mechanism in V. anguillarum.
Bacterial populations in samples of bioleached copper ore as revealed by analysis of DNA obtained before and after cultivation (1996)

The composition of bacterial populations in copper bioleaching systems was investigated by analysis of DNA obtained either directly from ores or leaching solutions or after laboratory cultures. This analysis consisted of the characterization of the spacer regions between the 16 and 23S genes in the bacterial rRNA genetic loci after PCR amplification. The sizes of the spacer regions, amplified from DNAs obtained from samples, were compared with the sizes of those obtained from cultures of the main bacterial species isolated from bioleaching systems. This allowed a preliminary assessment of the bacterial species present in the samples. Identification of the bacteria was achieved by partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes adjacent to the spacer regions. The spacer regions observed in DNA from columns leached at different iron concentrations indicated the presence of a mixture of different bacteria. The spacer region corresponding to Thiobacillus ferrooxidans was the main product observed at high ferrous iron concentration. At low ferrous iron concentration, spacer regions of different lengths, corresponding to Thiobacillus thiooxidans and "Leptospirillum ferrooxidans" were observed. However, T. ferrooxidans appeared to predominate after culture of these samples in medium containing ferrous iron as energy source. Although some of these strains contained singular spacer regions, they belonged within previously described groups of T. ferrooxidans according to the nucleotide sequence of the neighbor 16S rRNA. These results illustrate the bacterial diversity in bioleaching systems and the selective pressure generated by different growth conditions.
Face recognition in open environments: developments at CSIRO (2002)

Face recognition is a biometric which is well suited to open-environment surveillance and other applications using video cameras. The relative recognition performance of humans and computers in such an environment is discussed and an open-area recognition system developed by CSIRO is presented.
Haloacetamidine‐Based Inactivators of Protein Arginine Deiminase 4 (PAD4): Evidence that General Acid Catalysis Promotes Efficient Inactivation (2009)

Dysregulated protein arginine deiminase (PAD) activity, particularly PAD4, has been suggested to play a role in the onset and progression of numerous human diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Given the potential role of PAD4 in RA, we set out to develop inhibitors/inactivators that could be used to modulate PAD activity and disease progression. This effort led to the discovery of two mechanism-based inactivators, denoted F- and Cl-amidine, that inactivate PAD4 by the covalent modification of an active-site cysteine that is critical for catalysis. To gain further insights into the mechanism of inactivation by these compounds, the effect of pH on the rates of inactivation was determined. These results, combined with the results of solvent isotope effect and proton inventory studies, strongly suggest that the inactivation of PAD4 by F- and Cl-amidine proceeds by a multistep mechanism that involves the protonation and stabilization of the tetrahedral intermediate formed upon nucleophilic attack by the active-site cysteine, that is, Cys645. Stabilization of this intermediate would help to drive the halide-displacement reaction, which results in the formation of a three-membered sulfonium ring that ultimately collapses to form the inactivated enzyme. This finding-that protonation of the tetrahedral intermediate is important for enzyme inactivation-also suggests that, during catalysis, protonation of the analogous intermediate is required for efficient substrate turnover.
Temperature Dependence of the Heat Escape Time Deduced From the Nucleation of a Dissipative Zone in Superconducting YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7</sub>Filament (2016)

The application of an overcritical current pulse I > I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> (T) to narrow YBa <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sub> strips generates a phase-slip center after a certain delay time td. By analyzing this function t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> (I/I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> ) through a time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory, one can extract the time of heat escape T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">esc</sub> from the film to the substrate. The parameter T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">esc</sub> was found to remain constant in the range from 5 to 40 K, but to increase notably above 40 K and up to T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> . We interpret this behavior as a manifestation of a Kapitza heat transfer by acoustic phonon radiation. The loss of transmissivity at higher temperatures is likely related to the rise of phonon-phonon decay processes.
Amplitude response and stimulus presentation frequency response of human primary visual cortex using BOLD EPI at 4 T (1998)

Detailed measurement of the neural response to flicker frequency using functional MRI (fMRI) were made. The fMRI signal peaks at a flicker frequency of 8 Hz in human V1, in agreement with previous positron emission tomography (PET) and fMRI experiments. The modulation amplitude of the hemodynamic response to varying continuous periods of flicker stimulation was measured. The hemodynamic response was not observed to be modulated by neural modulation for periods shorter than 6.7 s. The resemblance between the BOLD response to the stimulus presentation frequency and the base-line power spectra at the same frequencies suggests that the same underlying mechanism could be responsible for both curves and that the base-line fMRI power spectrum is probably due to base-line electrical activity in the brain. The integrals of the resting base-line power spectrum, the background power spectrum, the respiration component, and the cardiac component were found to be linearly dependent on TE.
Defect chemistry of LaBO3(B = Al, Mn or Co) perovskite-type oxides. Relevance to catalytic and transport behaviour (1996)

Computational techniques are used to model the defect chemistry of perovskite-structured LaBO3(B = Al, Mn or Co), which is of relevance to their use as oxidation catalysts and as oxygen-ion conductors. We consider a range of alkali-metal and alkaline-earth-metal dopant substitutions at the La site with oxygen vacancy compensation. Correlations with ion size are found with Sr predicted to have the most favourable solubility within all three systems, in accord with observation. We also calculate the energetics of oxidation in the doped oxide involving the creation of hole centres from the incorporation of molecular oxygen at O2– vacancy sites.
Failure of topical acyclovir in ointment to penetrate human skin (1986)

Topical acyclovir (ACV) in polyethylene glycol (PEG) ointment has been disappointing in the treatment of recurrent herpes simplex virus infections in immunocompetent patients. To investigate the possible role of poor drug delivery from this formulation, we studied the penetration of ACV through excised human skin from three vehicles; PEG ointment, modified aqueous cream, and dimethyl sulfoxide. A second antiviral agent, idoxuridine, was studied in the same formulations, and drug delivery through excised guinea pig skin was also assessed for comparison. The delivery of ACV from PEG ointment was very slow for both human and guinea pig skin (drug flux, 0.055 and 0.047 microgram/cm2 per h, respectively). Formulation of ACV in modified aqueous cream and in dimethyl sulfoxide resulted in an 8- and 60-fold increase, respectively, in the flux of ACV through human skin. Idoxuridine behaved similarly to ACV in the three vehicles. The poor clinical results seen with topical use of ACV ointment may be due in part to retarded drug delivery from this formulation.
ras transformation of simian virus 40-immortalized rat hepatocytes: an in vitro model of hepatocarcinogenesis. (1992)

Primary rat hepatocytes were transfected with simian virus 40 DNA and cultured in a chemically defined medium. Proliferating colonies developed after 2-3 weeks. Three cell lines were established by cloning albumin-secreting colonies, as identified by an immunooverlay assay. Two of the cell lines, ALB-6 and ALB-8, expressed all five liver-specific mRNAs studied, albumin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, fibrinogen, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, and histidase. ALB-6 cells were nontumorigenic in nude mice while ALB-8 cells were weakly tumorigenic with only one of four injected nude mice developing a slowly growing tumor. Further transfection of ALB-6 and ALB-8 cells with an activated c-Ha-ras or N-ras oncogene resulted in strongly tumorigenic cells. The tumors induced by ras-transformed ALB-6 cells were moderately differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas. The tumors derived from ras-transformed ALB-8 cells were poorly differentiated, while the slowly growing tumors induced by untransfected or control DNA-transfected ALB-8 cells were well-differentiated trabecular hepatocellular carcinomas, suggesting histological dedifferentiation of cells following ras transformation. However, the synthetic capabilities of the cells were not lost in that the ras-transfected cultures and the tumors induced by ras-transformed cells retained the ability to synthesize the five liver-specific mRNAs. Thus we have developed an in vitro model of carcinogenesis in which, by sequential exposure to SV40 DNA and a ras oncogene, primary rat hepatocytes are transformed.
Advances in membranous vesicle and exosome proteomics improving biological understanding and biomarker discovery (2010)

Exosomes are membranous vesicles released by cells in extracellular fluids: they have been found and analyzed in blood, urine, amniotic fluid, breast milk, seminal fluid, saliva and malignant effusions, besides conditioned media from different cell lines. Several recent papers show that exosome proteomes of different origin include both a common set of membrane and cytosolic proteins, and specific subsets of proteins, likely correlated to cell-type associated functions. This is particularly interesting in relation to their possible involvement in human diseases. The knowledge of exosome proteomics can help not only in understanding their biological roles but also in supplying new biomarkers to be searched for in patients' fluids. This review offers an overview of technical and analytical issues in exosome proteomics, and it highlights the significance of proteomic studies in terms of biological and clinical usefulness.
A spiral volume coil for improved RF field homogeneity at high static magnetic field strength (1998)

Biological samples have a high dielectric constant that can shorten RF wavelengths by a factor of 8 relative to the vacuum. At high field strengths, finite wavelength effects within larger samples are the dominant cause of RF field nonuniformity. A coil design is presented that can reduce and even eliminate this inhomogeneity; 4-T images in phantoms and in the head of a normal volunteer are presented, which demonstrate improved homogeneity relative to a standard coil. This coil design should aid in realizing the potential advantages of imaging large samples at high field strengths.
A Monolithic AlGaN/GaN HEMT VCO Using BST Thin-Film Varactor (2012)

A monolithic AlGaN/GaN HEMT voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) using a barium-strontium-titanate (BST) thin-film varactor is presented. The fabrication process of the VCO is fully compatible with the standard process of GaN HEMT monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs). An improved equivalent circuit model of the fabricated BST varactor for microwave application was developed for the MMIC VCO circuit design. The experiment MMIC VCO exhibits 1-GHz tunable bandwidth at the central frequency of 7 GHz when the BST varactor bias changed from 0 to 24 V. An output power of 17 dBm and phase noise of -81 dBc/Hz (at offset of 100 kHz) are obtained at drain bias of 8 V and BST varactor of 0 V. The results indicate that the monolithic BST varactor is suitable for microwave application, and the integration of the BST varactor can be successfully applied to develop various tunable GaN MMICs.
Computer Assisted Localization of a Heart Arrhythmia (2018)

Abstract We consider the problem of locating a point-source heart arrhythmia using data from a standard diagnostic procedure, where a reference catheter is placed in the heart, and arrival times from a second diagnostic catheter are recorded as the diagnostic catheter moves around within the heart. We model this situation as a nonconvex feasibility problem, where given a set of arrival times, we look for a source location that is consistent with the available data. We develop a new optimization approach and fast algorithm to obtain online proposals for the next location to suggest to the operator as she collects data. We validate the procedure using a Monte Carlo simulation based on patients’ electrophysiological data. The proposed procedure robustly and quickly locates the source of arrhythmias without any prior knowledge of heart anatomy.
Novel NiGe MSM Photodetector Featuring Asymmetrical Schottky Barriers Using Sulfur Co-Implantation and Segregation (2008)

We report the first demonstration of a novel germanium (Ge) metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetector featuring asymmetrical Schottky-barrier height for low dark current and high-speed photodetection applications. Through co-implantation and segregation of valence-mending adsorbate such as sulfur at the NiGe/Ge interface, the germanide Fermi level can be pinned close to the conduction band edge. This results in an effective modulation of hole Schottky-barrier height, leading to a significant dark current suppression by >3 orders of magnitude over a conventional MSM photodetector. When operated at a bias voltage <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">VA</i> of 1.0 V, a detector with an area of 804 mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> shows a spectrum response of ~ 0.36 A/W or a corresponding quantum efficiency of ~ 34%. In addition, a frequency response measurement reveals the achievement of a -3-dB bandwidth of ~15 GHz at an illumination photon wavelength of 1550 nm.
Prediction of temperature distribution in the hot rolling of slabs (2002)

In the process of continuous hot slab rolling, it is vital to know the temperature distribution within the slab along the length of the rolling mill because temperature is the dominant parameter controlling the kinetics of metallurgical transformations and the flow stress of the rolled metal. In other words, the microstructural changes, the mechanical properties as well as the final dimensions of the product and roll-force depend on the temperature distribution within the metal being rolled. In this paper, a mathematical model based on the finite element method is utilized to predict the temperature distribution and microstructural changes during the continuous hot slab rolling process. The effects of various parameters such as the heat of deformation, the work-roll temperature, the rolling speed, and the heat transfer coefficient between the work-roll and the metal are all taken into account in the analyses. To verify the validity of the model and the generated computer code, a comparison is carried out between the theoretical and plant-recorded results.
Mitochondrial DNA Damage and Impaired Mitochondrial Function Contribute to Apoptosis of Insulin-Stimulated Ethanol-Exposed Neuronal Cells (2001)

Background: Ethanol inhibition of insulin signaling may contribute to impaired central nervous system development in fetal alcohol syndrome. An important consequence of ethanol inhibition of insulin signaling is increased apoptosis due to reduced levels of insulin-stimulated phosphoinositol-3-kinase activity. Methods: We used viability assays, end-labeling, Western blot analysis, and MitoTracker (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR) fluorescence labeling to determine whether ethanol-induced central nervous system neuronal cell death was mediated in part by increased mitochondrial (Mt) DNA damage and impaired Mt function. Results: In ethanol-exposed, insulin-stimulated PNET2 central nervous system–derived human neuronal cells, reduced viability was associated with increased Mt DNA damage, reduced Mt mass (manifested by reduced Mt protein expression and MitoTracker Green fluorescent labeling), and impaired Mt function (manifested by reduced levels of 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide activity, cytochrome oxidase-Complex IV, Subunit II expression, and MitoTracker Red fluorescence). The adverse effects of ethanol on Mt function were reduced by pretreating the cells with broad-spectrum caspase inhibitors and nearly abolished by nerve growth factor stimulation, with or without concomitant treatment with global caspase inhibitors. Conclusions: These results suggest that ethanol-induced death of insulin-stimulated immature neuronal cells is mediated in part by impaired Mt function associated with Mt DNA damage and reduced Mt mass, and therefore it is likely to contribute to neuronal loss associated with fetal alcohol syndrome. The findings also suggest that the adverse effects of ethanol on insulin-stimulated survival and metabolic function could be overcome by stimulating with growth factors that support Mt function through insulin-independent pathways.
Tempering of Chocolate in a Scraped Surface Heat Exchanger (1997)

ABSTRACT Crystallization of dark chocolate during different tempering processes has been studied in‐situ in a lab‐scale Scraped Surface Heat Exchanger. The linear relationship between torque and viscosity made possible the control of chocolate crystallization during tempering by following torque variations vs. time and converting them to equivalent viscosity values. These variations of equivalent viscosity of chocolate observed during tempering were correlated with temper‐meter measurements which had been related to the content of cocoa butter seeding crystals. A temperature cycle (50‐26.1‐30.5‐33.3°C) enabled preparation of a well‐tempered chocolate stable for ≥30 min at that temperature. It was characterized by a seed crystals content of about 1.15 ± 0.1% of cocoa butter, crystallization temperature of 23.9 ± 0.2°C in the temper‐meter and an equivalent viscosity of 3.0 ± 0.4 Pa.s.
Three-dimensional microwave imaging for breast-cancer detection using the log-phase formulation (2007)

The log-phase formulation is applied for the reconstruction of images from a simulation of a three-dimensional imaging system. By using this formulation, a clear improvement in the quality of the reconstructed images is achieved compared to the case in which the usual complex phasor notation is employed.