gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms mediating the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of vitamin E in mammary cancer cells (2005)

Tocopherols and tocotrienol represent the two subgroups within the vitamin E family of compounds, but only tocotrienols display potent anticancer activity at doses that have little or no effect on normal cell growth or function. Tocotrienols are potent antioxidants, but antitumor activity is independent of antioxidant activity. The exact reason why tocotrienols are more potent than tocopherols is not completely understood, but at least part of the reason is because of greater cellular accumulation. Furthermore, dose-response studies show that growth inhibitory doses of tocotrienols are 5-6 times lower than their corresponding lethal doses, suggesting that the antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of tocotrienols are mediated through different mechanisms. Recent studies showed that tocotrienol-induced programmed cell death (apoptosis) results from the activation of specific intracellular cysteine proteases (caspases) associated with death receptor activation and signal transduction. Furthermore, combined treatment with specific caspase inhibitors blocked the cytotoxic effects of tocotrienols in malignant mammary epithelial cells. In contrast, tocotrienol inhibition of cell proliferation appears to involve the suppression of multiple hormone- and growth factor-receptor mitogenic signaling pathways. Although additional studies are required to clarify the intracellular mechanisms mediating the anticancer effects of tocotrienols, experimental evidence strongly suggests that dietary supplementation of tocotrienols may provide significant health benefits in lowering the risk of breast cancer in women.
Interactions of the CelS binding ligand with various receptor domains of the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosomal scaffolding protein, CipA (1996)

The Clostridium thermocellum cellulosomal scaffolding protein, CipA, acts as an anchor on the cellulose surface for the various catalytic subunits of the cellulosome, a large extracellular cellulase complex. CipA contains nine repeated domains that serve as receptors for the cellulosomal catalytic subunits, each of which carries a conserved, duplicated ligand sequence (DS). Four representative CipA receptor domains with sequence dissimilarity were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The interaction of these cloned receptor domains with the duplicated ligand sequence of CelS (expressed as a thioredoxin fusion protein, TRX-DSCelS), was studied by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. TRX-DSCelS formed a stable complex with each of the four receptor domains, indicating that CelS, the most abundant cellulosomal catalytic subunit, binds nonselectively to all of the CipA receptors. Conversely, the duplicated sequence of CipA (in the form of TRX-DSCipA), which is homologous to that of CelS, did not bind to any of the receptors under the experimental conditions.
Management of 1,590 Consecutive Cases of Liver Trauma (1976)

Between 1939 and 1974, more than 1,500 patients have been treated for penetrating or blunt liver trauma at our institution. Gunshot wounds and major blunt trauma have increased, stab wounds decreased, as percent of total. In most cases techniques other than partial hepatic resection were used, although this was performed in 49 instances. Choledochostomy was infrequently employed. Intracaval shunts were useful in 15 selected patients with massive hepatic, concomitant suprarenal vena caval, or hepatic vein injuries. The overall mortality of this group was 13.1%. The improvement in mortality from liver injuries is attributable to (1) early exploration for suspected intra-abdominal traumatic injury, (2) a conservative approach to the liver injury, and (3) the limitation of lobar resection, vascular cannulae, and afferent vascular compression to highly selected cases.
Notch signaling regulates neural precursor allocation and binary neuronal fate decisions in zebrafish (2007)

Notch signaling plays a well-described role in regulating the formation of neurons from proliferative neural precursors in vertebrates but whether, as in flies, it also specifies sibling cells for different neuronal fates is not known. Ventral spinal cord precursors called pMN cells produce mostly motoneurons and oligodendrocytes, but recent lineage-marking experiments reveal that they also make astrocytes, ependymal cells and interneurons. Our own clonal analysis of pMN cells in zebrafish showed that some produce a primary motoneuron and KA' interneuron at their final division. We investigated the possibility that Notch signaling regulates a motoneuron-interneuron fate decision using a combination of mutant, transgenic and pharmacological manipulations of Notch activity. We show that continuous absence of Notch activity produces excess primary motoneurons and a deficit of KA' interneurons, whereas transient inactivation preceding neurogenesis results in an excess of both cell types. By contrast, activation of Notch signaling at the neural plate stage produces excess KA' interneurons and a deficit of primary motoneurons. Furthermore, individual pMN cells produce similar kinds of neurons at their final division in mib mutant embryos, which lack Notch signaling. These data provide evidence that, among some postmitotic daughters of pMN cells, Notch promotes KA' interneuron identity and inhibits primary motoneuron fate, raising the possibility that Notch signaling diversifies vertebrate neuron type by mediating similar binary fate decisions.
By-Products of Heparin Production Provide a Diverse Source of Heparin-like and Heparan Sulfate Glycosaminoglycans (2019)

Global production of pharmaceutical heparin (Hp) is increasing, and the production process from raw mucosal material results in large amounts of waste by-products. These contain lower sulfated Hp-like and heparan sulfate (HS), as well as other glycosaminoglycans, which are bioactive entities with pharmaceutical potential. Here we describe the first purification, structural and functional characterisation of Hp-like and HS polysaccharides from the four major by-product fractions of standard heparin production. Analysis of the by-products by disaccharide composition analysis and NMR demonstrated a range of structural characteristics which differentiate them from Hp (particularly reduced sulfation and sulfated disaccharide content), and that they are each distinct. Functional properties of the purified by-products varied, each displaying distinct anticoagulant profiles in different assays, and all exhibiting significantly lower global and specific inhibition of the coagulation pathway than Hp. The by-products retained the ability to promote cell proliferation via fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling, with only minor differences between them. These collective analyses indicate that they represent an untapped and economical source of structurally-diverse Hp-like and HS polysaccharides with the potential for enhancing future structure-activity studies and uncovering new biomedical applications of these important natural products.
Sequence amplitude modulated inverters (1973)

This Static Inverter produces a true stepped waveform from a direct current source, which is symmetrical from one half cycle to the next half cycle. Because of its low output impedance and OC half-wave circulating path for current, the Inverter will deliver rectified, non-linear loads and still operate normally (low distortion) and under extremely poor power factor loads. The method used to obtain this type of stepped waveform was originally developed in 1965. With the advent of integrated circuits, the complexity and cost of the design was considerably reduced. Production of the eight steps of the waveform previously required eight separate volt· age generating sources. Today, through the use of integrated circuits, two or three voltage sources can perform the necessary function of producing eight to twenty-six (or more) steps if desired in a half wave cycle period. Only a fraction of the power (7%) is switched at a high frequency rate as compared with a Pulse Width Modulated technique. The bulk of the power (70%) is generated at the output frequency. The method of inversion discussed here can generate a high quality, high power sine wave voltage that meets most of the desirable character· istics of a high-quality inverter including low output impedance.
Signal to noise ratio estimation based on an optimal design of subband voice activity detection (2014)

Estimates of the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of speech play an important role in noise reduction and predictions of speech intelligibility based on the speech transmission index (STI). Techniques of voice activity detection (VAD) must be used explicitly or implicitly during estimates of SNR to detect speech and non-speech sections. The decision of threshold in most studies has been fixed for VAD to speech and non-speech classifications during SNR estimates. We argue that fixing the decision of the threshold for all testing conditions is not optimal in controlling the false acceptance and miss detection rates of speech. We propose SNR estimates in this paper using a speech and non-speech detection algorithm based on optimizing the trade-off between false speech acceptance and miss detection rates on a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Rather than fixing the decision threshold in VAD for all SNR conditions, we optimally estimate the decision threshold using an ROC curve for each SNR condition. Thresholds are optimized in subband signals on a large training data set composed of various SNR conditions and noise types. After speech and non-speech are detected, SNR is estimated by summarizing the subband powers of speech and noise from all subbands. We applied the proposed method of estimating SNR based on AURORA2J and NOISEX-92 data corpora. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method was more accurate than the classical method of estimating SNR. The proposed approach could be used in robust VAD and STI estimates.
Extending the PRIME model for protein aggregation to all 20 amino acids (2010)

Abstract We extend PRIME, an intermediate‐resolution protein model previously used in simulations of the aggregation of polyalanine and polyglutamine, to the description of the geometry and energetics of peptides containing all 20 amino acid residues. The 20 amino acid side chains are classified into 14 groups according to their hydrophobicity, polarity, size, charge, and potential for side chain hydrogen bonding. The parameters for extended PRIME, called PRIME 20, include hydrogen‐bonding energies, side chain interaction range and energy, and excluded volume. The parameters are obtained by applying a perceptron‐learning algorithm and a modified stochastic learning algorithm that optimizes the energy gap between 711 known native states from the PDB and decoy structures generated by gapless threading. The number of independent pair interaction parameters is chosen to be small enough to be physically meaningful yet large enough to give reasonably accurate results in discriminating decoys from native structures. The most physically meaningful results are obtained with 19 energy parameters. Proteins 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human Identification Using Finger Images (2011)

This paper presents a new approach to improve the performance of finger-vein identification systems presented in the literature. The proposed system simultaneously acquires the finger-vein and low-resolution fingerprint images and combines these two evidences using a novel score-level combination strategy. We examine the previously proposed finger-vein identification approaches and develop a new approach that illustrates it superiority over prior published efforts. The utility of low-resolution fingerprint images acquired from a webcam is examined to ascertain the matching performance from such images. We develop and investigate two new score-level combinations, i.e., holistic and nonlinear fusion, and comparatively evaluate them with more popular score-level fusion approaches to ascertain their effectiveness in the proposed system. The rigorous experimental results presented on the database of 6264 images from 156 subjects illustrate significant improvement in the performance, i.e., both from the authentication and recognition experiments.
Structure and Properties of Regenerated Cellulose Films Prepared from Cotton Linters in NaOH/Urea Aqueous Solution (2001)

Regenerated cellulose (RC) films having various viscosity-average molecular weights (Mη) ranging from 2.2 × 104 to 8.2 × 104 g/mol were prepared from cotton linters in 6 wt % NaOH/4 wt % urea aqueous solution by coagulation with 2 M acetic acid and 2% H2SO4 aqueous solution. The dissolution of cellulose and the structure, transparency, and mechanical properties of the RC films were investigated by 13C NMR, ultraviolet, and infrared spectroscopies; scanning electron microscopy; X-ray diffraction; and a strength test. The RC films exhibited the cellulose II crystalline form and a homogeneous structure with 85% light transmittance at 800 nm. 13C NMR spectroscopy indicated that the presence of urea in NaOH aqueous solution significantly enhanced the intermolecular hydrogen bonding between cellulose and the solvent, resulting in a higher solubility of cellulose and the complete transition of its crystalline form from I to II. The tensile strength (σb) of the RC films in the dry state increased with increasing Mη up to 6.0 × 104 g/mol and then hardly changed. The values of σb and the breaking elongation (εb) of the RC film having Mη = 6.0 × 104 g/mol by coagulation with 2% H2SO4 were found to be 106 MPa and 8.0%, respectively, in the dry state and 17.0 MPa and 10.7%, respectively, in the wet state, and the strength was much higher than that of commercially available cellophane. Therefore, a novel and nonpolluting process for the manufacture of cellulose film and fiber from cotton linters in 6 wt % NaOH/4 wt % urea aqueous solution is provided in this work.
Bending, Curling, Rolling, and Salient Behavior of Molecular Crystals Driven by [2+2] Cycloaddition of a Styrylbenzoxazole Derivative (2017)

We report interesting photomechanical behaviors of the dynamic molecular crystals of (E)-2-(2,4-dichlorostyryl)benzo[d]oxazole (BOACl24). The photosalient effect of the rod-like crystal based on a metal-free olefin driven by photodimerization is observed. Moreover, the needle-like crystals of BOACl24 exhibit a reversible bending away from a UV light source. The nanofibers curl easily under UV irradiation in an organogel, in which the photo-induced rolling of a small slice occurs. This suggests that the rapid release of the accumulated strain during photodimerization may lead to a photosalient effect, and the bending or curling happens when the strain is released slowly. Notably, [2+2] cycloaddition takes place between two different conformational isomers of BOACl24 on account of the rotation of the benzoxazole ring around the C-C bond in an excited state before photodimerization. Such topo-photochemical reaction has not been reported elsewhere.
Enamine‐Based Aldol Organocatalysis in Water: Are They Really “All Wet”? (2006)

Reactions with, in, or on water? Despite claims to the contrary, few examples of truly aqueous organocatalysis have been reported. Close examination of the data from recent reports reveals that these reactions likely occur in concentrated organic phases.
Real-time communication in the factory automation (2003)

Manufacturing systems implemented in the factor have shown that a reduced protocol profile must be adopted when low implementation costs and improved response time for message transfer must be guaranteed. To obtain such performance data a prototype network, CIMNET, was developed for testing purposes. Since the main requirement was to save those investments already made in installing Ethernet broadband networks inside the factories, and previous studies showed that in most cases the carrier-sense multiple-access/collision-detection (CSMA/CD) approach offers good performance despite its nondeterministic nature, a prototype architecture was developed using the CSMA/CD technology. This solution was adopted rigorously following the CNMA protocol profile specification. Performance measurements have been carried out on most MMS protocols and are presented. Fieldbus solutions are analyzed and discussed in order to cope with time critical applications found both in the discrete and continuous process control environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Model predictive control with learning‐type set‐point: Application to artificial pancreatic β‐cell (2009)

Abstract A novel combination of model predictive control (MPC) and iterative learning control (ILC), referred to learning‐type MPC (L‐MPC), is proposed for closed‐loop control in an artificial pancreatic β‐cell. The main motivation for L‐MPC is the repetitive nature of glucose‐meal‐insulin dynamics over a 24‐h period. L‐MPC learns from an individual's lifestyle, inducing the control performance to improve from day to day. The proposed method is first tested on the Adult Average subject presented in the UVa/Padova diabetes simulator. After 20 days, the blood glucose concentrations can be kept within 68–145 mg/dl when the meals are repetitive. L‐MPC can produce superior control performance compared with that achieved under MPC. In addition, L‐MPC is robust to random variations in meal sizes within ±75% of the nominal value or meal timings within ±60 min. Furthermore, the robustness of L‐MPC to subject variability is validated on Adults 1–10 in the UVa/Padova simulator. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Catalyst-Transfer Condensation Polymerization for the Synthesis of Well-Defined Polythiophene with Hydrophilic Side Chain and of Diblock Copolythiophene with Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Side Chains (2007)

Chain-growth condensation polymerization of 2-bromo-5-chloromagnesio-3-[2-(2-metho-xyethoxy)ethoxy]methylthiophene (2) with Ni catalysts was studied, and the block copolymer of poly2 and poly(3-hexylthiophene) was synthesized by this polymerization method. The polymerization of 2 depended on the ligands of the Ni catalyst, and poly2 with the lowest polydispersity was obtained when 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe) was used as the ligand. The linear relationships between the conversion of 2 and Mn of the polymer and between the feed ratio of 2 to the Ni catalyst and Mn of the polymer indicate that this polymerization proceeds in a chain-growth polymerization manner via a catalyst-transfer condensation polymerization mechanism. The block copolymerization of 2 and 2-bromo-5-chloromagnesio-3-hexylthiophene (1) was then carried out in four ways by changing the order of polymerization of the two monomers and the catalysts. It turned out that the block copolymer was obtained without the formation of the homopolymers by the polymerization of 1 with Ni(dppe)Cl2 or Ni(dppp)Cl2 (dppp = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane), followed by the postpolymerization of 2. Of the two catalysts, Ni(dppe)Cl2 resulted in narrower polydispersity of the block copolymer.
A Three‐Phase Homogeneous Model for Porous Electrodes in Molten‐Carbonate Fuel Cells (1996)

In this paper a new model for porous electrodes in molten‐carbonate fuel cells (MCFC) is presented. The model is based on an averaging technique commonly used in porous‐media problems. Important disadvantages of the existing agglomerate model caused by geometric assumptions and restrictions are eliminated in this new model. Unlike the agglomerate model, the new model is suitable for studying three‐dimensional and anisotropic problems and incorporating the degree of electrolyte fill. Different reaction mechanisms can easily be incorporated. The validity of the new model is checked and compared with the agglomerate model by fitting the two models to ac‐impedance spectra recorded from porous MCFC cathodes.
16 Mb/s token ring on unshielded twisted pair cabling (2002)

Local area networks operating on structured cabling systems using unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cable are finding increased utilization. These systems provide low cost installation and easy administration. The paper addresses the technical issues concerning the implementation of a robust and practical 16 Mb/s token ring LAN using unshielded twisted pair cabling for lobe connections. Three technical approaches are presented and evaluated for both common unshielded twisted pair cable and new high performance unshielded twisted pair cable. It is shown that 16 Mb/s token ring can operate with lobe lengths of 300 feet on both types of UTP cables provided the appropriate technical approach is implemented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Smart, Secure, Yet Energy-Efficient, Internet-of-Things Sensors (2018)

The proliferation of Internet-of-Things (IoT) has led to the generation of zettabytes of sensitive data each year. The generated data are usually raw, requiring cloud resources for processing and decision-making operations to extract valuable information (i.e., distill smartness). Use of cloud resources raises serious design issues: limited bandwidth, insufficient energy, and security concerns. Edge-side computing and cryptographic techniques have been proposed to get around these problems. However, as a result of increased computational load and energy consumption, it is difficult to simultaneously achieve smartness, security, and energy efficiency. We propose a novel way out of this predicament by employing signal compression and machine learning inference on the IoT sensor node. An important sensor operation scenario is for the sensor to transmit data to the base station immediately when an event of interest occurs, e.g., arrhythmia is detected by a smart electrocardiogram sensor or seizure is detected by a smart electroencephalogram sensor, and transmit data on a less urgent basis otherwise. Since on-sensor compression and inference drastically reduce the amount of data that need to be transmitted, we actually end up with a dramatic energy bonus relative to the traditional sense-and-transmit IoT sensor. We use a part of this energy bonus to carry out encryption and hashing to ensure data confidentiality and integrity. We analyze the effectiveness of this approach on six different IoT applications with two data transmission scenarios: alert notification and continuous notification. The experimental results indicate that relative to the traditional sense-and-transmit sensor, IoT sensor energy is reduced by <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$57.1\times$</tex-math></inline-formula> for electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor based arrhythmia detection, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$379.8\times$</tex-math></inline-formula> for freezing of gait detection in the context of Parkinson's disease, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$139.7\times$</tex-math></inline-formula> for electroencephalogram (EEG) sensor based seizure detection, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$216.6\times$</tex-math></inline-formula> for human activity classification, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$162.8\times$</tex-math></inline-formula> for neural prosthesis spike sorting, and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$912.6\times$</tex-math></inline-formula> for chemical gas classification. Our approach not only enables the IoT system to push signal processing and decision-making to the extreme of the edge-side (i.e., the sensor node), but also solves data security and energy efficiency problems simultaneously.