gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Invertase from the Obligate Biotroph <i>Uromyces fabae</i> and Analysis of Expression Patterns of Host and Pathogen Invertases in the Course of Infection (2006)

Invertases are key enzymes in carbon partitioning in higher plants. They gain additional importance in the distribution of carbohydrates in the event of wounding or pathogen attack. Although many researchers have found an increase in invertase activity upon infection, only a few studies were able to determine whether the source of this activity was host or parasite. This article analyzes the role of invertases involved in the biotrophic interaction of the rust fungus Uromyces fabae and its host plant, Vicia faba. We have identified a fungal gene, Uf-INV1, with homology to invertases and assessed its contribution to pathogenesis. Expression analysis indicated that transcription began upon penetration of the fungus into the leaf, with high expression levels in haustoria. Heterologous expression of Uf-INV1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris allowed a biochemical characterization of the enzymatic activity associated with the secreted gene product INV1p. Expression analysis of the known vacuolar and cell-wall-bound invertase isoforms of V. faba indicated a decrease in the expression of a vacuolar invertase, whereas one cell-wall-associated invertase exhibited increased expression. These changes were not confined to the infected tissue, and effects also were observed in remote plant organs, such as roots. These findings hint at systemic effects of pathogen infection. Our results support the hypothesis that pathogen infection establishes new sinks which compete with physiological sink organs.
Priority event monitoring for interrupt-driven computer (2003)

A priority event monitor consisting of a monitor hardware, a small computer system interface (SCSI) bus link, and a host computer and its use are described. The architecture of the monitor hardware and the host and monitor interaction through the SCSI bus are discussed. The monitor uses event logging hardware and first-in first-out (FIFO) buffering for event storage and timestamping, and a direct memory access (DMA) controller and SCSI bus interface for sending the captured events to the host. The monitor is controlled by a local microcontroller. The microcontroller is a Motorola 68HC11 with embedded FORTH, and the FIFO buffers are AMD Am7200-80 FIFO memory. The Logic Devices 53C80 is used for interfacing with the SCSI bus, and application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) are used for the majority of the priority event logging and for the DMA controller. A PS/2 Microchannel machine serves as the host for controlling the monitor and for data storage.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Signal transduction by protease‐activated receptors (2010)

The family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitutes the largest class of signalling receptors in the human genome, controlling vast physiological responses and are the target of many drugs. After activation, GPCRs are rapidly desensitized by phosphorylation and beta-arrestin binding. Most classic GPCRs are internalized through a clathrin, dynamin and beta-arrestin-dependent pathway and then recycled back to the cell surface or sorted to lysosomes for degradation. Given the vast number and diversity of GPCRs, different mechanisms are likely to exist to precisely regulate the magnitude, duration and spatial aspects of receptor signalling. The G protein-coupled protease-activated receptors (PARs) provide elegant examples of GPCRs that are regulated by distinct desensitization and endocytic sorting mechanisms, processes that are critically important for the spatial and temporal fidelity of PAR signalling. PARs are irreversibly activated through proteolytic cleavage and transmit cellular responses to extracellular proteases. Activated PAR(1) internalizes through a clathrin- and dynamin-dependent pathway independent of beta-arrestins. Interestingly, PAR(1) is basally ubiquitinated and deubiquitinated after activation and traffics from endosomes to lysosomes independent of ubiquitination. In contrast, beta-arrestins mediate activated PAR(2) internalization and function as scaffolds that promote signalling from endocytic vesicles. Moreover, activated PAR(2) is modified with ubiquitin, which facilitates lysosomal degradation. Activated PARs also adopt distinct active conformations that signal to diverse effectors and are likely regulated by different mechanisms. Thus, the identification of the molecular machinery important for PAR signal regulation will enable the development of new strategies to manipulate receptor signalling and will provide novel targets for the development of drugs.
An ultrastructural review of collagen gels, a model system for cell-matrix, cell-basement membrane and cell-cell interactions. (1984)

Collagen gels, prepared from rat tail tendon, have been shown to be a useful system for the provision of a more physiologically relevant culture milieu than the rigid inert substratum of tissue culture plastic. The gel is penetrable by cells, but this depends on their origin, either mesenchymal or epithelial, normal or tumour derived. Furthermore, endothelial cells form a basement membrane on the gel surface from which they can be removed with detergent, providing a cell secreted substratum for testing the invasive ability of tumour derived cell lines. Various interactions between the cell and gel occur depending on cell type. Normal fibroblasts plated within the gel will stress and contract the matrix if the gel is freed and allowed to float in the culture medium. The fibroblasts also migrate to the surface and encapsulate the entire gel. Normal lymphocytes rapidly migrate into the gel and continue to move through the gel in a random manner, demonstrating gross changes in surface morphology. Studies are in progress to monitor the behaviour of leukaemic lymphocytes within the gels. Collagen gels will also support in vitro haemopoiesis, providing a useful environment for the positive selection of stromal cells. As an in vitro model for invasion and metastasis the plating of melanoma cells onto a monolayer of endothelium on the gels allows investigation of the interactions between the normal cells which form a barrier to circulating tumour cells and the tumour cells themselves.
Plant nucleoside 5'-phosphoramidate hydrolase; simple purification from yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus) seeds and properties of homogeneous enzyme. (2011)

Adenosine 5'-phosphoramidate (NH₂-pA) is an uncommon natural nucleotide of poorly understood biochemistry and function. We studied a plant enzyme potentially involved in the catabolism of NH₂-pA. A fast and simple method comprising extraction of yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus) seed-meal with a low ionic strength buffer, ammonium sulfate and acetone fractionations, removal of contaminating proteins by heat denaturation, and affinity chromatography on AMP-agarose, yielded homogenous nucleoside 5'-phosphoramidase. Mass spectrometric analysis showed that the lupin hydrolase exhibits closest similarity to Arabidopsis thaliana Hint1 protein. The substrate specificity of the lupin enzyme, in particular its ability to split the P-S bond in adenosine 5'-phosphorothioate, is typical of known Hint1 proteins. Adenosine 5'-phosphofluoride and various derivatives of guanosine 5'-phosphoramidate were also substrates. Neither common divalent metal cations nor 10 mM EDTA or EGTA affected the hydrolysis of NH₂-pA. The enzyme functions as a homodimer (2 x 15,800 Da). At the optimum pH of 7.0, the K(m) for NH₂-pA was 0.5 µM and k(cat) 0.8 s⁻¹ (per monomer active site). The properties of the lupin nucleoside 5'-phosphoramidase are compared with those of its counterparts from other organisms.
Synthesis of “Reversed” Nucleosides of Some Purine and Pyrimidine Bases (1973)

Abstract The title compounds have been synthesized by condensation of terminal iodo-sugars with purine bases and pyrimidine bases in dime thy lformamide in the presence of sodium hydride or lithiu a hydride.
System modelling for run-time verification and validation of autonomous systems (2010)

The verification and validation of autonomous systems, and their relationship with systems engineering, is a challenging problem. They are tasked with achieving goals with reduced (or no) human interaction, and will be verified or validated with respect to the task they should achieve, rather than traditional systems which are assessed as whether they have the necessary capabilities to support an operator in achieving the task. This paper describes ongoing work to develop a systems modelling approach to allow design-time system models to be reused by an autonomous system at runtime. We begin by identifying the properties associated with the engineering of autonomous systems that differentiate them from other types of complex system. A framework to support the verification and validation of aspects of autonomous systems at runtime is then presented, and we develop a specific aspect of this framework-a run-time Computation Independent Model (CIM), using a language from the automated planning domain, the Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL).
Hydrolysis of fully esterified alcohols containing from one to eight hydroxyl groups by the lipolytic enzymes of rat pancreatic juice (1972)

The enzymatic hydrolysis in vitro of the esters of methanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, erythritol, pentaerythritol, adonitol, sorbitol, and sucrose in which all alcohol groups were esterified with oleic acid was studied. Various preparations of rat pancreatic juice, including pure lipase, were used as the sources of enzymes. Lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) did not hydrolyze compounds that contained more than three ester groups. Compounds containing four and five ester groups were hydrolyzed by certain preparations of pancreatic juice; this activity is attributed to the enzyme, nonspecific lipase. This enzyme also hydrolyzed esters of primary alcohols. The compounds containing six (sorbitol) and eight (sucrose) ester groups were not hydrolyzed.
Spontaneous lifetime control in a native-oxide-apertured microcavity (1999)

Spontaneous lifetime control is demonstrated using very small apertured microcavities, with quantum-dot light emitters used to obtain electronic confinement within the aperture. A factor of 2.3 increase in the averaged spontaneous emission rate is achieved due to the optical confinement. The enhancement/inhibition ratio of the spontaneous emission rate tracks the optical mode size and spectral response of the apertured microcavity.
Large-scale optical phased array using a low-power multi-pass silicon photonic platform (2019)

Optical phased arrays are a promising beam-steering technology for ultra-small solid-state lidar and free-space communication systems. Long-range, high-performance arrays require a large beam emission area densely packed with thousands of actively phase-controlled, power-hungry light emitting elements. To date, such large-scale phased arrays have been impossible to realize since current demonstrated technologies would operate at untenable electrical power levels. Here we show a multi-pass photonic platform integrated into a large-scale phased array that lowers phase shifter power consumption by nearly 9 times. The multi-pass structure decreases the power consumption of a thermo-optic phase shifter to a <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:msub><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">P</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mi>π</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mn>1.7</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="thickmathspace"/><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">W</mml:mi><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mo>/</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mi>π</mml:mi></mml:math> without sacrificing speed or optical bandwidth. Using this platform, we demonstrate a silicon photonic phased array containing 512 actively controlled elements, consuming only 1.9 W of power while performing 2D beam steering over a <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mn>70</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mo>∘</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mo>×</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mn>6</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mo>∘</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math> field of view. Our results demonstrate a path forward to building scalable phased arrays containing thousands of active elements.
Characterization of density profile of laser-produced Sn plasma for 13.5nm extreme ultraviolet source (2005)

We investigated the electron density profile corresponding to the dominant extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emission from a laser-produced Sn plasma using a combination of a green and an UV interferometer. A comparison between experimental results and a one-dimensional radiation hydrodynamic simulation shows reasonable agreement, and the discrepancy could be attributed to three-dimensional plasma expansion. It was found that, due to opacity effects, most of the EUV light comes from an under-dense plasma region.
Photoreactions between flavin coenzymes and skin-photosensitizing agents (1963)

It is known that a furocoumarin, xanthotoxin or 8-methoxy-psoralen, is routinely used in the treatment of vitiligo, a skin disease which is defined as "an acquired cutaneous achromia characterized by variously sized and shaped single or multiple patches of milch white color 1 ", lacking the pigment normally present in man's skin.
Segmentation of cardiac cine MR images of left and right ventricles: Interactive semiautomated methods and manual contouring by two readers with different education and experience (2008)

A highly reproducible LV segmentation was performed in a short time by R1. The advantage of ISAM vs. MC for LV segmentation was a time saving only for R2. For RVEF, a lower reproducibility was observed for both methods and readers.
Synthesis of p-[Di(2-C<sup>14</sup>-chloroethyl)amino]-L-phenylalanine. A Study of Bis(β-hydroxyethylation) of Arylamines<sup>1</sup> (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of p-[Di(2-C14-chloroethyl)amino]-L-phenylalanine. A Study of Bis(β-hydroxyethylation) of Arylamines1A. H. SOLOWAY and E. NYILASCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 4, 1091–1094Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01063a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01063a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views102Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Physical Properties of Some Chiral Smectic Liquid Crystals Having 1-Methyl-Alkoxy-Phenyl Group (1986)

Abstract The liquid crystalline compounds having an optically active 1-methyl-alkoxy-phenyl group were synthesized. They show some abnormality, i.e., firstly rather high value of spontaneous polarization for the structural feature lacking a strongly polar group, in the vicinity of the chiral center, and secondly the sense of twist in the S*c phase that is opposite to what was originally expected. We report the characteristics of these compounds.
Oral Inoculation of Mice with Low Doses of Microencapsulated, Noninfectious Rotavirus Induces Virus-Specific Antibodies in Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (1995)

The capacity of an aqueous-based system of microencapsulation to enhance virus-specific humoral immune responses was evaluated in mice orally inoculated with noninfectious rotavirus (simian rotavirus strain RRV). Mice were orally inoculated with 1.75 or 0.35 microgram of inactivated RRV (iRRV) or microencapsulated iRRV. Sera, intestinal contents, and organ cultures of gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) were tested for the presence of rotavirus-specific antibodies. Virus-specific IgA was produced by small intestine lamina propria lymphocytes in animals inoculated with 1.75 or 0.35 microgram of microencapsulated virus, but not in mice inoculated with unencapsulated virus. Virus-specific IgA in sera and intestinal contents were not predictive of intestinal organ culture responses. Microencapsulation may be an efficient way of inducing virus-specific immune responses in GALT after oral inoculation with small quantities of viral antigen. In addition, delayed release of virus from microcapsules may obviate the need for booster immunizations.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Hydrogenolysis of Fused Piperazines by Reaction of Diamine and Triamine Derivatives with Benzil. Application to the Synthesis of Terminal N‐Monoprotected Triamines. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Stable Signal Recovery from Incomplete and Inaccurate Measurements (2005)

Suppose we wish to recover an n-dimensional real-valued vector x_0 (e.g. a digital signal or image) from incomplete and contaminated observations y = A x_0 + e; A is a n by m matrix with far fewer rows than columns (n << m) and e is an error term. Is it possible to recover x_0 accurately based on the data y? To recover x_0, we consider the solution x* to the l1-regularization problem min \|x\|_1 subject to \|Ax-y\|_2 <= epsilon, where epsilon is the size of the error term e. We show that if A obeys a uniform uncertainty principle (with unit-normed columns) and if the vector x_0 is sufficiently sparse, then the solution is within the noise level \|x* - x_0\|_2 \le C epsilon. As a first example, suppose that A is a Gaussian random matrix, then stable recovery occurs for almost all such A's provided that the number of nonzeros of x_0 is of about the same order as the number of observations. Second, suppose one observes few Fourier samples of x_0, then stable recovery occurs for almost any set of p coefficients provided that the number of nonzeros is of the order of n/[\log m]^6. In the case where the error term vanishes, the recovery is of course exact, and this work actually provides novel insights on the exact recovery phenomenon discussed in earlier papers. The methodology also explains why one can also very nearly recover approximately sparse signals.
A Novel Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor Antagonist Inhibits Choroidal Neovascularization and Subretinal Fibrosis (2013)

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a critical pathogenesis in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common cause of blindness in developed countries. To date, the precise molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying CNV have not been elucidated. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) has been previously implicated in angiogenesis; however, the roles of PAF and its receptor (PAF-R) in CNV have not been addressed. The present study reveals several important findings concerning the relationship of the PAF-R signaling with CNV. PAF-R was detected in a mouse model of laser-induced CNV and was upregulated during CNV development. Experimental CNV was suppressed by administering WEB2086, a novel PAF-R antagonist. WEB2086-dependent suppression of CNV occurred via the inhibition of macrophage infiltration and the expression of proangiogenic (vascular endothelial growth factor) and proinflammatory molecules (monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and IL-6) in the retinal pigment epithelium-choroid complex. Additionally, WEB2086-induced PAF-R blockage suppresses experimentally induced subretinal fibrosis, which resembles the fibrotic subretinal scarring observed in neovascular AMD. As optimal treatment modalities for neovascular AMD would target the multiple mechanisms of AMD-associated vision loss, including neovascularization, inflammation and fibrosis, our results suggest PAF-R as an attractive molecular target in the treatment of AMD.
High-frequency ventilation versus conventional ventilation in dogs with right ventricular dysfunction (1986)

A randomized crossover protocol was used to compare conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) and high-frequency ventilation (HFV) in mongrel dogs experiencing right ventricular dysfunction after right ventriculotomy. When inspired oxygen, pH, PCO2, core temperature, and preload were held constant, cardiac output increased significantly (p less than .05) from 1.16 +/- 0.24 to 1.38 +/- 0.25 L/min and pulmonary vascular resistance decreased significantly (p less than .05) from 734 +/- 257 to 554 +/- 169 dyne X sec/cm5 during HFV relative to CMV. We also noted a significant (p less than .05) increase in mean arterial pressure from 116 +/- 27 to 124 +/- 23 mm Hg and a significant (p less than .05) increase in left ventricular stroke work from 10.2 +/- 3.5 to 12.3 +/- 2.6 g X m during HFV. During the inspiratory phase of CMV there were increases in CVP, pulmonary artery pressure, and systemic arterial pressure, and decreases in pulmonary artery flow which did not occur during HFV. HFV may be preferable to CMV in the presence of right ventricular dysfunction.
Selection of Crystal Face of Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Beneath Dppc Monolayers in the Presence of Chondroitin Sulfate A (2004)

The crystal face selection of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) at dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) monolayers was investigated in the presence of chondroitin sulfate A (C4S). The (1‾01) face was doubly strengthened and the (010) face was doubly weakened in the presence of C4S at DPPC monolayers. This was due to the simultaneous interaction of the Ca2+-rich (1‾01) crystal face of COM with both the polyanionic polysaccharide C4S and the negatively charged sites of phosphate groups of the DPPC monolayers.
The presence of modified nucleotides is required for cloverleaf folding of a human mitochondrial tRNA (1998)

Direct sequencing of human mitochondrial tRNALysshows the absence of editing and the occurrence of six modified nucleotides (m1A9, m2G10, Psi27, Psi28 and hypermodified nucleotides at positions U34 and A37). This tRNA folds into the expected cloverleaf, as confirmed by structural probing with nucleases. The solution structure of the corresponding in vitro transcript unexpectedly does not fold into a cloverleaf but into an extended bulged hairpin. This non-canonical fold, established according to the reactivity to a large set of chemical and enzymatic probes, includes a 10 bp aminoacyl acceptor stem (the canonical 7 bp and 3 new pairs between residues 8-10 and 65-63), a 13 nt large loop and an anticodon-like domain. It is concluded that modified nucleotides have a predominant role in canonical folding of human mitochondrial tRNALys. Phylogenetic comparisons as well as structural probing of selected in vitro transcribed variants argue in favor of a major contribution of m1A9 in this process.