gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transactivation of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Receptor by Angiotensin II Mediates Downstream Signaling from the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor to Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (2004)

Angiotensin II (AngII) activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase), a known effector of receptor tyrosine kinases. Treatment of smooth muscle cells with AngII has also been shown to promote phosphorylation of various tyrosine kinase receptors. We therefore investigated the relationship between AngII and IGF-I receptor activation in smooth muscle cells with a phosphorylation-specific antibody. Our experiments showed that IGF-I receptor phosphorylation was maximally stimulated within 10 min by AngII. Inclusion of an IGF-I-neutralizing antibody in the culture media did not prevent IGF-I receptor phosphorylation after AngII treatment, which argues that a paracrine/autocrine loop is not required. Furthermore, this process was blocked by losartan and 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1-(4-methylphenyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-amine (PP-1), indicating stimulation of IGF-I receptor phosphorylation occurs via AngII type 1 receptor-dependent activation of Src kinase. The functional significance of IGF-I receptor transactivation was examined with selective inhibitors of the IGF-I receptor kinase (AG1024, AG538). When AngII-treated cells were incubated with AG1024 or AG538, phosphorylation of the regulatory p85 subunit of PI3-kinase was blocked. Furthermore, phosphorylation of the downstream factor p70(S6K) did not occur. In contrast, AG1024 did not prevent MAPK or Src kinase activation by AngII. AG1024 also did not inhibit AngII-dependent cell migration, although this process was blocked by inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor receptors. Transactivation of the IGF-I receptor is therefore a critical mediator of PI3-kinase activation by AngII but is not required for stimulation of the MAPK cascade.
Monomode Optical Fibre Dynamic Light Scattering (1987)

Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a well established, widely practised research technique for the non-invasive study of macromolecules such as proteins, enzymes and viruses. Commercial apparatus is readily available at considerable size and cost. Recently, various multimode optical fibre DLS schemes have been published2), but in this paper we explore the potential of monomode optical fibre DLS.
The D.C. Thermal Characteristics of Microwave Bolometers (1948)

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[Assembling and clinical application of video output system utilizing teaching sight glass of surgical microscope]. (2011)

The microscope and video output system can improve the effectiveness of the original surgical microscope. It makes visual fields much clearer and operations more accurate with a few complications.
Treatment of growth delay in boys with isolated growth hormone deficiency (1994)

We report our experience in treating growth delay in boys with isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) receiving biosynthetic human growth hormone. The study was performed in 15 boys with IGHD receiving GH. At the chronological age of 13.1 (1.1) years (SD), 13 were prepubertal, two were in early puberty and there was a mean bone age delay of 2.5 (1.4) years. A growth spurt was induced by either depot testosterone or oxandrolone. There was an increase in growth rate from 5.7 (1.6) cm/year, occurring the year before anabolic or sex steroid therapy, to 8.1 (1.2) cm/year during treatment (p < 0.05), followed by 7.3 (1.9) cm/year the year after the cessation of treatment (p < 0.05). There was no significant change in height SD score for bone age, which was -0.69 (0.97) at the commencement of anabolic or sex steroid therapy and -0.53 (0.84) at the end of treatment. Before the induced growth spurt, there was equal body proportion between sitting height and subischial leg length, which had no significant change following androgen treatment. Spontaneous progress in pubertal development was achieved by all patients with an increase in testicular volume from a mean of 2.9 (2-8) to 6.1 (4-10) ml. The pattern of growth presented by patients treated with oxandrolone or those with testosterone was similar. Our data suggest that growth delay and delayed puberty, in patients with IGHD during concomitant growth hormone therapy, can be treated without deterioration in height prognosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An optimisation methodology for array mapping of affine recurrence equations in video and image processing (2002)

This paper addresses the problem of deriving optimised array architectures for real-time multi-dimensional signal processing systems, as occurring in image, speech and video applications. The starting point is a set of Weak Single Assignment Codes. For this abstract specification, we solve the difficult task of finding a globally optimised architecture with matched throughput while avoiding an explosion of the search space. The cost function not only includes the data-path area but incorporates also the crucial foreground and background memory storage. The effectiveness of our solution has been substantiated with realistic test cases.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Calcium ionophore: a single reagent for the differentiation of primary human acute myelogenous leukaemia cells towards dendritic cells (2001)

Blood monocytes and CD34(+) haemopoietic progenitor cells, as well as certain leukaemic cell lines, acquire characteristics of mature dendritic cells (DC) after stimulation with calcium ionophore (CI). We studied whether the in vitro treatment of primary human acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) cells with CI leads to differentiation towards DC. Blast cells derived from nine AML patients were cultured in the presence of either CI or an established differentiation cocktail consisting of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus interleukin 4 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha for 5-7 d. Microscopic examination revealed that under both conditions, AML cells were shifted along the DC pathway. In seven out of nine cases, CI-cultivation led to a higher proportion of cells with dendritic morphology. The percentage of CD40 and CD86 expressing cells was significantly increased upon CI treatment compared with cytokine-cultured cells. DC molecules as CD80 and CD83 were up-regulated upon calcium mobilization of AML cells in four out of nine samples. In four cases, CI-treated stimulator cells induced an enhanced proliferative allogeneic T-cell response compared with cytokine-treated stimulator cells. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that CI treatment is an alternative in vitro strategy to differentiate human AML cells into DC.
On Approximate Reasoning Capabilities of Low-Rank Vector Spaces (2015)

In relational databases, relations between objects, represented by binary matrices or tensors, may be arbitrarily complex. In practice however, there are recurring relational patterns such as transitive, permutation, and sequential relationships, that have a regular structure which is not captured by the classi-cal notion of matrix rank or tensor rank. In this paper, we show that factorizing the relational tensor using a logistic or hinge loss instead of the more standard squared loss is more appropriate because it can accurately model many common relations with a fixed-size embedding (depends sub-linearly on the number of entities in the knowledge base). We illus-trate this fact empirically by being able to efficiently predict missing links in several synthetic and real-world experiments. Further, we provide theoretical justification for logistic loss by studying its connection to a complexity measure from the field of information complexity called sign rank. Sign rank is a more appropriate complexity measure as it is low for transitive, permutation, or sequential relationships, while being suitably large, with a high probability, for uniformly sampled binary matrices/tensors.
Laser-induced chemical vapor deposition of aluminum (1989)

The laser-induced deposition of high-purity aluminum metal has been achieved by pyrolytic decomposition of trimethylamine aluminum hydride. The chemical structure of the precursor affords a high ambient vapor pressure which results in rapid rates of aluminum film formation. In addition, the precursor is nonpyrophoric, in contrast to other trialkylaluminum precursors. These combined chemical and physical properties make trimethylamine aluminum hydride an ideal precursor for laser-induced chemical vapor deposition of aluminun films.
Mercuric bromide photodissociation laser (1977)

Laser action was achieved on the B 2Σ+→X 2Σ+ transition of the HgBr radical by photodissociating HgBr2 in the vapor phase. The pump radiation was the 193-nm output of an ArF excimer laser. The measured laser wavelengths range from 502 to 505 nm. In transverse excitation, the measured output energy of the HgBr laser was 0.25 mJ at a pump energy of 7 mJ.
Reliability and Validity of the Upper-Extremity Motor Activity Log-14 for Measuring Real-World Arm Use (2005)

The participant MAL QOM scale can be used exclusively to reliably and validly measure real-world, upper-extremity rehabilitation outcome and functional status in chronic stroke patients with mild-to-moderate hemiparesis.
The Role of Dynamic Plantar Pressures in Diabetic Foot Ulcers (1997)

Neuropathic patients have an increase in dynamic plantar foot pressures placing them at risk for plantar ulceration. Instruments such as the EMED-SF system can be helpful in detecting possible sites of plantar ulcerations by locating the areas of maximum pressure.
Consensus Control for Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Systems (2015)

We study distributed output feedback control for a heterogeneous multi-agent system (MAS), consisting of N different continuous-time linear dynamical systems. For achieving output consensus, a virtual reference model is assumed to generate the desired trajectory that the MAS is required to track and synchronize. A distinct feature of our results lies in the local optimality and robustness achieved by our proposed consensus control algorithm. In addition our study is focused on the case when the available output measurements contain only relative information from the neighboring agents and reference signal. Indeed by exploiting properties of strictly positive real (SPR) transfer matrices, conditions are derived for the existence of distributed output feedback control protocols, and solutions are proposed to synthesize the stabilizing and consensus control protocol over a given connected digraph. It is shown that design techniques based on the LQG, LQG/LTR and H-infinity loop shaping can all be directly applied to synthesize the consensus output feedback control protocol, thereby ensuring the local optimality and stability robustness. Finally the reference trajectory is required to be transmitted to only one or a few agents and no local reference models are employed in the feedback controllers thereby eliminating synchronization of the local reference models. Our results complement the existing ones, and are illustrated by a numerical example.
Support Vector Machines for Nonlinear Kernel ARMA System Identification (2006)

Nonlinear system identification based on support vector machines (SVM) has been usually addressed by means of the standard SVM regression (SVR), which can be seen as an implicit nonlinear autoregressive and moving average (ARMA) model in some reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS). The proposal of this letter is twofold. First, the explicit consideration of an ARMA model in an RKHS (SVM-ARMA2K) is proposed. We show that stating the ARMA equations in an RKHS leads to solving the regularized normal equations in that RKHS, in terms of the autocorrelation and cross correlation of the (nonlinearly) transformed input and output discrete time processes. Second, a general class of SVM-based system identification nonlinear models is presented, based on the use of composite Mercer's kernels. This general class can improve model flexibility by emphasizing the input-output cross information (SVM-ARMA4K), which leads to straightforward and natural combinations of implicit and explicit ARMA models (SVR-ARMA2K and SVR-ARMA4K). Capabilities of these different SVM-based system identification schemes are illustrated with two benchmark problems.
Large Area Deposition Of Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon By CW CO 2 Lasers (1984)

In order to enhance the deposited area and to improve the uniformity of hydrogenated amor phous silicon (a-Si:H) films, obtained from photodissociation of silane molecules by CO<sub>2</sub> laser radiation, two new different experimental approaches are investigated. One of these utilizes a high power (≈ 1 KW) CW CO<sub>2</sub> laser with uniform intensity distribution in a rectangular beam cross section; the other consists in a continuous scanning, along a horizontal plane parallel to the substrate, of a low power (≈ 100 W) gaussian laser beam. Preliminary results about p and n doping of the photodeposited material by boron and pho-sphorous ion implantation proved its high doping efficiency and its structural similarity to the chemical vapor deposition produced material.
Animal Models In Pressure Ulcer Research (2007)

No single method of induction and exploring PrUs in animals can address all the aspects of the pathology of chronic wounds. Each model has its particular strengths and weaknesses. Certain types of models can selectively identify specific aspects of wound development, quantify the extent of lesions, and assess outcomes from interventions. The appropriate interpretation of these methods is significant for proper study design, an understanding of the results, and extrapolation to clinical relevance.
Positive regulation of the vitamin D receptor by its cognate ligand in heterologous expression systems. (1993)

Hormonal vitamin D3 is a major regulator of calcium metabolism and is involved in basic cellular processes, such as those of proliferation and differentiation. These actions are mediated via an intracellular vitamin D3 receptor (VDR), which is a member of the evergrowing steroid hormone receptor superfamily. The interaction between the vitamin D3 ligand and its receptor is thought to be through a classic steroid hormone mechanism. It is notable, however, that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] has also been documented as an agent that directly up-regulates endogenous VDR in both intact animals and cultured cells. In this report, we confirm that the levels of recombinantly expressed VDR produced in transiently transfected COS-1 cells also increase several-fold when the cells are treated with 1,25-(OH)2D3. Additionally, we show that a similar pattern is exhibited in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression system. This indicates that the mechanism for VDR up-regulation is conserved in both yeast and mammalian cells. Our results show that up-regulation by 1,25-(OH)2D3 is specific to the VDR, and that 1,25-(OH)2D3 does not affect other expressed receptor proteins, such as those for estrogen and progesterone. Finally, we demonstrate that the mechanism of up-regulation apparently occurs at the level of the protein and is most likely due to altered stability of the occupied receptor. Our observations lead us to propose that in addition to the classically viewed role of hormone in receptor activation, 1,25-(OH)2D3 may serve to amplify signal response via homologous up-regulation.
Enhancement of antibiotic susceptibility and suppression of Mycobacterium avium complex growth by poloxamer 331 (1995)

The resistance of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) to antibiotics is thought to be enhanced by its outer glycolipid layer, which protects the organisms from antibiotics and host defense mechanisms. We hypothesized that surfactants which disrupt the lipid barrier might be of therapeutic value. We evaluated the ability of 10 poloxamer surfactants to inhibit the growth of MAC organisms and to potentiate antimycobacterial drug activity in broth culture using a radiometric assay. Very large, small, or hydrophilic poloxamers had little or no effect. However, certain hydrophobic poloxamers, especially P331, retarded the growth of most isolates of MAC and produced a synergistic effect with rifampin. The MIC of rifampin required to inhibit the growth of MAC was reduced from a mean of 14.6 micrograms/ml (range, 4 to > 32 micrograms/ml) to 1.4 micrograms/ml (range, < 1.125 to 4 micrograms/ml) by 1.0 mg of P331 per ml (P < 0.01). Enhancement of antibiotic susceptibility was observed with concentrations of poloxamer as low as 10 micrograms/ml. These studies suggest that P331 might be useful in increasing the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy of MAC infections.
Light- and electron-microscopical study of phosphoprotein B-50 following denervation and reinnervation of the rat soleus muscle (1988)

The neuron-specific phosphoprotein B-50 was originally identified as a phosphoprotein in synaptic plasma membranes isolated from adult brain tissue. In this paper we study the reinnervation of the soleus muscle, a target muscle of sciatic nerve axons, using affinity-purified anti-B-50 antibodies. Light-microscopical evaluation of the reinnervation process revealed that the period of muscle fiber reinnervation corresponds closely with the time in which high B-50 immunoreactivity was observed in the nerve fibers that invade the muscle and in the newly formed neuromuscular junctions. Upon completion of reinnervation, B-50 immunoreactivity decreased. In the newly innervating terminals, B-50 was associated with presynaptic vesicular structures and with the presynaptic plasma membrane. In intact mature neuromuscular junctions, virtually no B-50 immunoreactivity could be detected with either light- or electron-microscopic procedures. These observations corroborate the association of high levels of B-50/GAP43 during axon outgrowth and support the concept that B-50 may be a key molecule in the reconstruction of axonal structures. We also observed an unexpected transient increase in B-50 immunoreactivity in the degenerating neuromuscular junctions. This observation cannot be explained in terms of increased neuronal synthesis of B-50, since the degenerating axon processes have been completely disconnected from their cell bodies. Thus, our evidence implies that a rise of B-50 immunoreactivity can be associated with stages of neuronal degeneration as well as with those of neuronal differentiation and axon outgrowth.
Generating Java Skeletal Code with Design Contracts from Specifications in a Subset of Object Z (2006)

Object-Z is an object-oriented extension of the Z notation for formal specifications. Using Object-Z, structuring and developing large, complex software system specifications became possible by defining the systems as collections of independent classes and objects. The class schema framework in Object Z suggests that a one-to-one relationship exists between a class schema and a skeletal Java class with its design contract. The design contract for a Java class includes the invariant property of the class state, the pre and post conditions for the methods. This paper, demonstrates how Java skeletal code with design contracts can be generated from the specifications written in a subset of Object Z. Object Z class schema specification defined using a graphical user interface is converted to a XML representation. The Java skeletal code containing the design contracts is then generated by processing the XML representation
On the virtual aeroshaping effect of synthetic jets (2002)

The ability of synthetic jets to form large mean recirculation zones in a crossflow is investigated using numerical simulations. It has been suggested that this so-called virtual aeroshaping effect is one mechanism through which synthetic jets affect separation reduction. Here the interaction of a two-dimensional synthetic jet with a flat-plate Blasius boundary layer is simulated and we examine the effect that key flow parameters have on the formation of these mean recirculation zones. The current simulations also suggest a simple scaling for this effect which could prove useful in the design and deployment of these devices.
Resistive Switching Phenomena in Li<i><sub>x</sub></i>CoO<sub>2</sub> Thin Films (2011)

A substantial resistive switching of LixCoO2 mixed-conductor thin films is observed for the first time. The occurrence of possible bipolar switching in these oxide thin films is by current–voltage curves, investigated by conducting-probe atomic force microscopy (CP-AFM). The films are incorporated into an {Au/LixCoO2/p++Si} device and exhibit a significant resistive-switching process involving a ratio of over four orders of magnitude.
CoAP FETCH Method (2015)

Similar to HTTP, the existing Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)
GET method only allows the specification of a URI and request
parameters in CoAP options, not the transfer of a request payload
detailing the request. This leads to some applications to using POST
where actually a cacheable, idempotent, safe request is desired. The
present proposal adds a new CoAP method, FETCH, to perform the
equivalent of a GET with a request body. This specification is
inspired by I-D.snell-search-method, which updates the definition and
semantics of the HTTP SEARCH request method previously defined by
RFC5323. However, there is no intention to limit FETCH to search-type
operations, and the resulting properties may not be the same as those
of HTTP SEARCH. For now, we therefore prefer to discuss the proposal
under a different name, for which we have chosen the GET synonym
FETCH.
Periodic Mesoporous Silica-Supported Recyclable Rhodium-Complexed Dendrimer Catalysts (2004)

Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers up to the third generation were grown for the first time inside the channels of a large-pore (6.5 nm) MCM-41 silica. In-depth characterization of such materials showed that the dendrimers grew inside the channels. The third generation was found to almost completely fill the pore system. The supported dendrimers of generations 0, 1, and 2 were phosphinomethylated and then complexed with rhodium. The G(0) and G(1) materials were found to be very active in olefin hydroformylation. The hydroformylation of 1-octene was accomplished with a turnover frequency of 1800 h-1 at 70 °C and the catalyst could be recycled several times without loss in activity.