gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acylation State of the Phosphatidylinositol Hexamannosides from Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette Guérin and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and Its Implication in Toll-like Receptor Response (2003)

The dimannoside (PIM2) and hexamannoside (PIM6) phosphatidyl-myo-inositol mannosides are the two most abundant classes of PIM found in Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette Guérin, Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, and Mycobacterium smegmatis 607. Recently, these long known molecules received a renewed interest due to the fact that PIM2 constitute the anchor motif of an important constituent of the mycobacterial cell wall, the lipoarabinomannans (LAM), and that both LAM (phosphoinositol-capped LAM) and PIM are agonists of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), a pattern recognition receptor involved in innate immunity. Due to the biological importance of these molecules, the chemical structure of PIM was revisited. The structure of PIM2 was recently published (Gilleron, M., Ronet, C., Mempel, M., Monsarrat, B., Gachelin, G., and Puzo, G. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 34896-34904). Here we report the purification and molecular characterization of PIM6 in their native form. For the first time, four acyl forms of this molecule have been purified, using hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Mono- to tetra-acylated molecules were identified in M. bovis bacillus Calmette Guérin, M. tuberculosis H37Rv, and M. smegmatis 607 using a sophisticated combination of analytical tools, including matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry and two-dimensional homo- and heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy. These experiments revealed that the major acyl forms are similar to the ones described for PIM2. Finally, we show that PIM6, like PIM2, activate primary macrophages to secrete TNF-alpha through TLR2, irrespective of their acylation pattern, and that they signal through the adaptor MyD88.
Analysis of the carrier-induced FM response of DFB lasers: theoretical and experimental case studies (1989)

A comprehensive analysis of the carrier-induced FM response of DFB lasers is given. Experimentally it is found that the FM response can sometimes vary strongly from chip to chip. In a number of cases anomalies either as a function of frequency or as a function of bias are observed. Theoretically, a dynamic model which includes spectral as well as longitudinal spatial hole burning is presented. The main feature of the model is that local variations of the Bragg wavelength caused by hole burning are rigorously and self-consistently taken into account. By comparing the experimental results with theoretical calculations, it is shown that in DFB lasers, spatial hole burning is an important phenomenon. The model confirms that the dynamic (FM) behavior can vary from DFB chip to DFB chip. The model shows that spatial hole burning is indeed the dominant factor which induces the anomalies that are found experimentally in the FM response.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ambulatory monitoring of the electrocardiogram: an important aspect of pacemaker surveillance. (1977)

Of the 353 patients followed in the pacemaker surveillance clinic between July 1976 and July 1977, 25 patients complained of episodes of dizziness and faintness. 20 of these had normal pacing function and pacemaker parameters at routine clinic testing. 18 patients had 'demand' units and 2 had fixed-rate pacemakers. The indication for permanent pacing was complete heart block in 16 patients and sinoatrial disease in 5 patients. At clinic follow-up, there was unequivocal evidence of vertebrobasilar insufficiency in 5 patients and postural hypotension in 4 patients. In 11 patients, the cause of presyncope was not evident at the clinic. All patients were monitored by 24-hour tape recording until an episode of pre-syncope occurred. In 8 patients, there was evidence of intermittent failure to pace associated with the episodes of presyncope. In 2 patients, an additional cause for presyncope was found at clinic examination. Ambulatory 24-hour tape monitoring of the electrocardiogram is an important adjunct to pacemaker follow-up especially when other methods such as transtelephone monitoring are not available in the United Kingdom. Routine electronic testing of pacemaker function does not always reveal intermittent abnormalities related to changes in threshold or unstable electrode positions.
Control algorithms and circuit designs for optimal flyback-charging of an energy-storage capacitor (e.g., for flash lamp or defibrillator) (1997)

A flyback-type of a transformer-coupled DC/DC power converter supplies a train of current pulses to charge an energy-storage capacitor to a desired high voltage, converting input DC power obtained from a lower voltage DC source. The energy-storage capacitor is charged to a specified voltage within a specified time with minimum peak and RMS currents in the transistor, the rectifier diode, the transformer windings and the DC power source, minimizing the i/sup 2/R losses. This is done by generating: (1) energy-storage current pulses in the power transistor and the transformer primary winding in which the current increment from the beginning to the end of a pulse is only a small fraction of the final (peak) value; and (2) energy-delivery flyback current pulses in the capacitor and the transformer secondary winding in which the current decrement from the beginning to the end of a pulse is only a small fraction of the initial (peak) value. Recommended methods are: (1) hysteretic current-mode control with current sensing in both transformer windings; (2) peak-current-commanding current-mode control with switching frequency or transistor-nonconducting time varying in a prescribed way during the charging; or (3) valley-current-commanding current-mode control with switching frequency or transistor-conducting time varying in a prescribed way during the charging. Compared with one nonoptimal method, peak currents are reduced by a factor of about 2 and i/sup 2/R power losses are reduced by a factor of about 1.33.
Computing distances between surfaces using line geometry (2003)

We present an algorithm for computing the distance between two free-form surfaces. Using line geometry, the distance computation is reformulated as a simple instance of a surface-surface intersection problem, which leads to low-dimensional root finding in a system of equations. This approach produces an efficient algorithm for computing the distance between two ellipsoids, where the problem is reduced to finding a specific solution in a system of two equations in two variables. Similar algorithms can be designed for computing the distance between an ellipsoid and a simple surface (such as cylinder cone, or torus). In an experimental implementation (on a 500 MHz Windows PC), the distance between two ellipsoids was computed in less than 0.3 msec on average; and the distance between an ellipsoid and a simple convex surface was computed in less than 0.15 msec on average.
Microarray analysis of gene expression after transverse aortic constriction in mice (2004)

Cardiac hypertrophy is a compensatory response initially beneficial to heart function but can ultimately lead to cardiac decompensation. It is an integrated process involving multiple cellular signaling pathways and their cross talk. Microarray GeneChip technology is a powerful new tool to identify gene expression profiles of cardiac hypertrophy. To identify well-characterized as well as novel adaptive mechanisms, we utilized a murine model of compensated pressure overload hypertrophy (transverse aortic constriction, TAC). At 48 h, 10 days, and 3 wk, hearts were harvested and total RNA hybridized to Affymetrix U74Av2 GeneChips, which contain a 12,488-gene/EST probe set. Verification of gene expression was performed by SYBR quantitative real-time RT-PCR (QRT-PCR) for selected genes. A rigorous evaluation of the adequacy of the control condition was also performed. For statistical analysis we generated a four-step filtering criteria. Our results show an upregulation of 38 genes (48 h), 269 genes (10 days), and 203 genes (3 wk) and downregulation of 15 genes (48 h), 160 genes (10 days), and 124 genes (3 wk). Transcripts differentially expressed after TAC were categorized into 12 functional groups and revealed the presence of several intriguing transcripts, e.g., cell proliferation-related Ki-67 and several apoptosis-related genes. Overall changes in QRT-PCR were in accordance with GeneChip data, with the highest correlation for genes with the largest up- or downregulation with TAC. Thus TAC results in altered expression of genes in several pathways regulating both cardiac structure and function. However, for in vivo gene microarray experiments, it is critical to define adequate controls, perform rigorous statistical analysis, and provide validation by alternative methods.
552. A new cinnoline synthesis. Part I. Cyclisation of mesoxalyl chloride phenylhydrazones to give substituted 4-hydroxycinnoline-3-carboxylic acids (1961)

H. J. Barber, K. Washbourn, W. R. Wragg and E. Lunt, J. Chem. Soc., 1961, 2828 DOI: 10.1039/JR9610002828
Unstable expression of an R allele with a3 in maize (1986)

Journal Article Unstable expression of an R allele with a3 in maize: A recessive intensifier of plant color Get access E. Derek Styles, E. Derek Styles The authors are affiliated, respectively, with the Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, B.C., Canada V8W 2Y2; and the U.S. Department of Agriculture and Department of Agronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211. This study was supported by grants from the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the University of Victoria and support from the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Edward H. Coe, Jr. Edward H. Coe, Jr. The authors are affiliated, respectively, with the Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, B.C., Canada V8W 2Y2; and the U.S. Department of Agriculture and Department of Agronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211. This study was supported by grants from the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the University of Victoria and support from the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 77, Issue 6, November 1986, Pages 389–393, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a110267 Published: 01 November 1986
Multifunction Digital Video Processor (1980)

The application of digital techniques has made possible several classes of devices that process a video signal in the digital domain. The first such commercial product was the Digital Time Base Corrector. It allowed compact, inexpensive video tape recorders to be used by the broadcaster.
Estimating Optimal Transformations for Multiple Regression and Correlation (1985)

Abstract In regression analysis the response variable Y and the predictor variables X 1 …, Xp are often replaced by functions θ(Y) and Ø1(X 1), …, Ø p (Xp ). We discuss a procedure for estimating those functions θ and Ø1, …, Ø p that minimize e 2 = E{[θ(Y) — Σ Ø j (Xj )]2}/var[θ(Y)], given only a sample {(yk , xk1 , …, xkp ), 1 ⩽ k ⩽ N} and making minimal assumptions concerning the data distribution or the form of the solution functions. For the bivariate case, p = 1, θ and Ø satisfy ρ = p(θ, Ø) = maxθ,Øρ[θ(Y), Ø(X)], where ρ is the product moment correlation coefficient and ρ is the maximal correlation between X and Y. Our procedure thus also provides a method for estimating the maximal correlation between two variables.
Recent developments in materials and processes for ink jet printing high resolution polymer OLED displays (2003)

The fabrication of high resolution light emitting polymer (LEP) OLED displays using ink jet printing to deposit the hole conducting and conjugated polymer electroluminescent components has required the development of both printing and ink technology. We review the issues associated with meeting the technology requirement and split these into the areas of ink delivery, getting the correct volume out of ink jet nozzles with well defined velocity and direction; surface energy considerations to maximize aperture ratio and display resolution; solution drying to form flat films and solution formulation to create polymer films that perform as well as films created by conventional spin coating. In addition we will describe the current status of the technology both in terms of polymer performance for both passive and active matrix applications, printing technology and polymer ink performance.
NMD: RNA biology meets human genetic medicine (2010)

NMD (nonsense-mediated mRNA decay) belongs to the best-studied mRNA surveillance systems of the cell, limiting the synthesis of truncated and potentially harmful proteins on the one hand and playing an initially unexpected role in the regulation of global gene expression on the other hand. In the present review, we briefly discuss the factors involved in NMD, the different models proposed for the recognition of PTCs (premature termination codons), the diverse physiological roles of NMD, the involvement of this surveillance pathway in disease and the current strategies for medical treatment of PTC-related diseases.
Characterization of the <i>Tetrahymena</i> Ribozyme Folding Pathway Using the Kinetic Footprinting Reagent Peroxynitrous Acid (1999)

Large RNAs fold into complex structures which determine their biological activities. A full understanding of both RNA structure and dynamics will include the description of the pathways by which these structures are formed. Kinetic footprinting [Sclavi, B., et al. (1997) J. Mol. Biol. 266, 144-159] has been shown to be a powerful method for the study of dynamic processes involving RNA. Here we describe the use of a readily available reagent, peroxynitrous acid, as a kinetic footprinting tool for the study of RNA folding. Hydroxyl radicals generated from this reagent were used to footprint the Tetrahymena ribozyme during its magnesium-dependent folding-in agreement with synchroton X-ray footprinting [Sclavi, B., et al. (1998) Science 279, 1940-1943] and oligonucleotide/hybridization cleavage experiments [Zarrinkar, P. P., and Williamson, J. R. (1994) Science 265, 918-924], this work suggests an ordered, hierarchical folding pathway for the ribozyme. Several slow steps in the folding pathway were observed in the peroxynitrous acid footprinting, but none of these corresponded to the rate-determining step of folding. This suggests that the formation of the global, protected structure is followed by one or more slow local rearrangements to yield the final active structure. These studies illustrate the utility of peroxynitrous acid as a reagent for the elucidation of RNA folding pathways and the study of RNA dynamics.
The Thermal Performance of Residential Electric Water Heaters Subjected to Various Off-Peak Schedules (1996)

An increasing number of utilities control the supply of power to residential water heaters as one means of reducing peak electrical demand. Water heaters operated in this manner are referred to as off-peak water heaters. Several utilities are also considering the use of solar domestic water heaters as an additional means of limiting power demand during times of greatest electrical usage. The research described within this paper quantifies the variation in thermal efficiency attributable to subjecting residential electrical water heaters to various off-peak and water removal schedules and, thus, forms a basis of comparison to which the thermal efficiency of solar water heaters or other water heating technologies may be compared. Laboratory tests, where the off-peak period and hot water draw schedule were varied, were conducted on two residential storage water heaters. A computer model of an electric water heater was developed and validated. The laboratory tests and the model were used to quantify the effect that various off-peak and hot water draw schedules have on water heater thermal efficiency. Thermal efficiency was found to vary up to seven percent for water heaters which meet the present minimum efficiency standards as specified within the National Appliance Energy Conservation Act. The energy factor, as measured using the Department of Energy Test Procedure for Water Heaters, is shown to be independent of the off-peak schedule because of a “normalizing” that occurs as part of the calculation procedure.
Isoallergic Encephalomyelitis and Radiculitis in Guinea Pigs After One Injection of Brain and Mycobacteria in Water-in-Oil Emulsion (1947)

Abstract Rivers, Sprunt and Berry (1) and Rivers and Schwentker (2) induced lesions in the central nervous system (CNS) of the monkey by numerous injections of suspensions and alcoholic extracts of rabbit brain. Ferraro and Jervis (3) confirmed and extended these studies. Morgan (4) produced encephalomyelitis in rhesus monkeys by a few injections of suspensions of brain and spinal cord of monkeys combined with killed tubercle bacilli, paraffin oil and an emulsifying agent. Independently, Kabat, Wolf and Bezer (5) using the same technique obtained almost identical results in monkeys but stated that similar experiments carried out in guinea pigs and white mice were negative. In their study, neurologic symptoms were produced in 2 monkeys after a single injection. It seemed desirable to ascertain whether this type of encephalomyelitis could be produced in the guinea pig.
Falciparum Malaria Transmissible from Monkey to Man by Mosquito Bite (1968)

Anopheles freeborni mosquitoes were infected by feeding on a New World monkey, Aotus trivirgatus, infected with the Malayan IV strain of Plasmodium falciparum. After a normal incubation period, the infection was passed to a human volunteer through the bites of these mosquitoes, demonstrating for the first time the practicability of using a simian host as a donor for the infection of mosquitoes with this species of human malarial parasites.
Pressure Induced Reactivity of Solid CO by FTIR Studies (2009)

The pressure induced reactivity of carbon monoxide was investigated in a wide temperature range (100−400 K) completely avoiding any irradiation of the sample with visible or higher frequency light. FTIR spectroscopy was employed to monitor the reaction and infrared sensors for measuring the pressure. With this approach we have been able to separate the effects of the three variables (P, T and hν) that establish the conditions for the occurrence of the chemical reaction. A new instability boundary, not affected by the photoactivation of the reaction, is provided. The reaction has been studied in three different crystal phases (ϵ, δ, and β), but the small differences in the reaction products are ascribable to the temperature changes rather than to the crystalline arrangement. For T < 300 K the analysis of the IR spectra reveals the formation of an extended amorphous material formed, according to the vibrational assignment and to the kinetic data, by polycarbonyl linear chains containing a large amount of anhydride groups. For T ≥ 300 K the formation of carbon dioxide and epoxy rings, and the simultaneous decrease of carbonyl species, let suppose a decarboxylation of the extended solid product. Once exposed to the atmosphere, the reaction product readily and irreversibly reacts with water giving rise to carboxylic groups.
Protein transfer in tumor-bearing rats. (1954)

Summary The following evidence was presented in support of the view that protein is transferred from the body tissues of Walker-carcinoma rats to the growing tumor without prior complete hydrolysis to free amino acids: ( a ) The level of conjugated amino acids in protein-free tissue extracts of tumor-bearing rats was higher than that in control animals. ( b ) Plasma protein labeled with leucine-C 14 was utilized by the tumors without extensive release of the labeled leucine in free form. The observation that actively growing labeled tumors released isotopic carbon to the metabolic pool argues against the contention that nitrogen metabolism in cancer tissue is strictly a one-way passage.
Expression of all Wnt genes and their secreted antagonists during mouse blastocyst and postimplantation development (2005)

In this extensive study, real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the expression levels of all 19 Wnt genes and their 11 potential antagonists in mouse blastocysts, pregastrula, gastrula, and neurula stages. By complementing these results with in situ hybridization, we revealed new expression domains for Wnt2b and Sfrp1, respectively, in the future primitive streak at the posterior side and in the anterior visceral endoderm before the initiation of gastrulation. Moreover, the anterior visceral endoderm expresses three secreted Wnt antagonists (Sfrp1, Sfrp5, and Dkk1) in partially overlapping domains. We also identified expression patterns for the Wnt1, Wnt3a, Wnt6, Wnt7b, Wnt9a, Wnt10b, and Sfrp1 genes at the blastocyst stage. In particular, the expression of Wnt1 and Sfrp1 predominantly in the inner cell mass and of Wnt9a in the mural trophoblast and inner cell mass cells surrounding the blastocoele suggests new roles for the Wnt pathway in preimplantation development. This article is the first report on the regional expression of Wnt genes in the mouse blastocyst.
Superconductive delay line with integral MOSFET taps (1987)

A superconducting tapped delay line with programmable MOS transistors for tap weights has been designed, fabricated, and tested. The device operates between 2 and 5 GHz at 4.2 K. The silicon substrate of the integrated semiconductor-superconductor device is used both as the semiconductor material for MOS processing and as the dielectric for the microstrip delay line. The superconducting material is niobium, which is processed after the semiconductor fabrication because the superconducting properties of niobium can degrade if exposed to high temperatures. Both aluminum and niobium are used for transistor gates and interconnects. The novel niobium-gate transistors worked as well as the aluminum-gate transistors at 4.2 K with channel mobilities 3 to 5 times higher than at room temperature. Test results on the weighted tapped delay line show that the amplitude of the tapped outputs may be varied linearly over an 18-dB range between 2 and 2.4 GHz by gate-voltage modulation of the MOSFET channel conductance.
A Study on the Fiber Orientation Effects of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Anisotropy Polymer Hybrid Composites on the Extreme Thin Plate (1978)

In this paper we describe an experimental study. This article is a\n\ttrial production of carbon fiber reinforced anisotropic polymer\n\tcomposite materials of very thin plate sandwich structure consisting\n\tof polymer single plate as core and fiber reinforced very thin single\n\tplate with X-Y surface anisotropy adhered to each other in optional\n\torientation angle. Bending and tensile characteristics of their\n\tmechanical properties are also clarified in this article. It was\n\tfound that the following;\n\t1) Regarding bending: Calculated value of bending elastic modulus\n\tof C.F. prepreg 6 ply, C.F./P.M.M.A./C.F. sandwich and sandwich are\n\tsimilar each other. Material effect of sandwich structure is better\n\tthan that of C.F. structure. Bending elastic modulus is greatly\n\tinfluenced by orientation angle.\n\t2) Regarding tension: Sandwich structure is inferior to C.F. structure\n\twith regard to tensile strength and Young's modulus. Sandwich\n\tstructure is not effective against tension. Experimental value and\n\tcalculated value of sandwich structure were similar. Both of strength\n\tand elastic modulus are greatly influenced by orientation angle.