gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Human Face of MIS (1991)

The use of organisms as a parallel to enable better understanding of organisations has been used infrequently in marketing. The organismic metaphor is brought to the attention of the marketing community. The power of the metaphor is established by making physical and functional parallels between organisms and organisations. Different types of organisations can be viewed as species and some discussion is made about the usefulness of Darwin′s Theory of Natural Selection. The importance of Marketing Information Systems (MIS) is viewed in terms of providing sensory information about the external and internal environment. The existence of systems in nature which can be likened to information‐gathering systems in business suggests a “natural” need for marketing information systems.
CFD Modelling of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm on Hemodynamic Loads Using a Realistic Geometry with CT (2013)

The objective of this study is to find a correlation between the abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) geometric parameters, wall stress shear (WSS), abdominal flow patterns, intraluminal thrombus (ILT), and AAA arterial wall rupture using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Real AAA 3D models were created by three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of in vivo acquired computed tomography (CT) images from 5 patients. Based on 3D AAA models, high quality volume meshes were created using an optimal tetrahedral aspect ratio for the whole domain. In order to quantify the WSS and the recirculation inside the AAA, a 3D CFD using finite elements analysis was used. The CFD computation was performed assuming that the arterial wall is rigid and the blood is considered a homogeneous Newtonian fluid with a density of 1050 kg/m(3) and a kinematic viscosity of 4 × 10(-3) Pa·s. Parallelization procedures were used in order to increase the performance of the CFD calculations. A relation between AAA geometric parameters (asymmetry index ( β ), saccular index ( γ ), deformation diameter ratio ( χ ), and tortuosity index ( ε )) and hemodynamic loads was observed, and it could be used as a potential predictor of AAA arterial wall rupture and potential ILT formation.
Trace-driven Co-simulation of High-Performance Computing Systems using OMNeT++ (2009)

In the context of developing next-generation high-performance computing systems, there is often a need for an “end-to-end” simulation tool that can simulate the behaviour of a full application on a reasonably faithful model of the actual system. Considering the ever-increasing levels of parallelism,
High-temperature protonic conduction in mixed perovskite ceramics (1993)

Protonic conduction of both stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric mixed perovskite ceramics with the general formula A2(B′1+xB″1−x)O6−δ(A=Sr2+, Ba2+; B′=Ga3+, Gd3+, Nd3+; B″=Nb5+,Ta5+; x=0−0.2) has been investigated. The B-site occupancies of B and B can be ordered or disordered depending on the ionic radius of the A ion and the ionic radius difference of the B and B ions. Samples are treated in H2O vapor at 900°C to incorporate protons (or D2O vapor for deuterons) and the amount of water uptake is measured by the weight change. None of the stoichiometric samples (x=0) shows any proton incorporation. For nonstoichiometric samples the amount of water uptake varies from 5% to 50% of the maximum theoretical amount, depending on the material and thermal history. Protonic conductivity of the nonstoichiometric materials is measured by ac impedance analysis in a frozen-in condition following the pre-treatment in water vapor. The conductivity is found to be higher and the activation energy lower for the slowly cooled materials, with magnitudes comparable to that of Yb-doped SrCeO3. All of the nonstoichiometric samples show non-classical isotope effect of the conductivity, in the sense that the activation energy is slightly higher (by ∼0.04 eV) for deuteronic than for protonic conduction, similarly to results reported earlier for SrCeO3 and BaCeO3. Finally, the conductivity shows stage II behavior with activation energy equal to the proton migration enthalpy, but the number of free carriers is smaller than the total proton uptake.
Experimental and Theoretical Comparison of the O K-Edge Nonresonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering and X-ray Absorption Spectra of NaReO<sub>4</sub> (2010)

Accurate X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of first row atoms, e.g., O, are notoriously difficult to obtain due to the extreme sensitivity of the measurement to surface contamination, self-absorption, and saturation affects. Herein, we describe a comprehensive approach for determining reliable O K-edge XAS data for ReO(4)(1-) and provide methodology for obtaining trustworthy and quantitative data on nonconducting molecular systems, even in the presence of surface contamination. This involves comparing spectra measured by nonresonant inelastic X-ray scattering (NRIXS), a bulk-sensitive technique that is not prone to X-ray self-absorption and provides exact peak intensities, with XAS spectra obtained by three different detection modes, namely total electron yield (TEY), fluorescence yield (FY), and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM). For ReO(4)(1-), TEY measurements were heavily influenced by surface contamination, while the FY and STXM data agree well with the bulk NRIXS analysis. These spectra all showed two intense pre-edge features indicative of the covalent interaction between the Re 5d and O 2p orbitals. Density functional theory calculations were used to assign these two peaks as O 1s excitations to the e and t(2) molecular orbitals that result from Re 5d and O 2p covalent mixing in T(d) symmetry. Electronic structure calculations were used to determine the amount of O 2p character (%) in these molecular orbitals. Time dependent-density functional theory (TD-DFT) was also used to calculate the energies and intensities of the pre-edge transitions. Overall, under these experimental conditions, this analysis suggests that NRIXS, STXM, and FY operate cooperatively, providing a sound basis for validation of bulk-like excitation spectra and, in combination with electronic structure calculations, suggest that NaReO(4) may serve as a well-defined O K-edge energy and intensity standard for future O K-edge XAS studies.
New perspectives for microbial glycolipid fractionation and purification processes (2011)

Microbial glycolipids produced from renewable sources are of considerable interest in light of their promising biological activities and surfactant characteristics when compared to petroleum derived surfactants. Intense research efforts are currently being made to reduce their production costs and optimize recovery as selected mixtures through downstream processes. Due to the high complexity of natural glycolipid mixtures, efficient purification techniques are also required to examine the biological mechanisms of individual species towards human systems for their application in health-related areas. This review deals with recent advances in the development of glycolipid extraction, fractionation and purification methods, with a particular focus on solid support-free liquid-liquid separation techniques including centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) and counter-current chromatography (CCC). These techniques offer promising perspectives for the preparative or large-scale separation of glycolipids from complex crude extracts, mainly because of their flexibility in solvent system selection and applicability to a diversity of structures of any polarity.
Antibodies to Haemophilus influenzae type b outer membrane proteins in children with epiglottitis or meningitis and in healthy controls (1993)

The two most common manifestations of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infection in Western communities are meningitis and epiglottitis. The role of antibodies against outer membrane proteins (OMP) in the pathogenesis of these diseases was investigated by Western blotting (immunoblotting) with an OMP antigen prepared from a local Hib strain. Acute- and convalescent-phase serum samples from 25 children with epiglottitis and 20 with meningitis and single serum samples from 19 control children in the same age group were tested. Western blots were evaluated quantitatively by use of graphs generated from a densitometer. OMP antibody was detected in all sera from patients and controls. There was no significant difference between the mean antibody level in acute-phase sera from children with meningitis (336 +/- 143 arbitrary units) and those from children with epiglottitis (286 +/- 134 arbitrary units). However, the mean OMP antibody level in sera from healthy controls, with no known history of Hib disease, was significantly higher than that in sera from patients with Hib disease within 2 days of admission to the hospital (patients [n = 35], 282 +/- 144; controls [n = 19], 425 +/- 236; P = 0.007). The difference was due mainly to higher levels, in control sera, of antibody against four proteins, one of which is either P1 or a comigrating protein of 49 kDa. The finding of higher levels of OMP antibody in healthy controls suggests a protective role for antibodies directed against one or more OMP. This information could be exploited in future vaccine development.
Snow Study at Centre for Atmospheric Research Experiments: Variability of snow fall velocity, density and shape (2008)

In this work, snow data, collected at the Centre for Atmospheric Research Experiments (CARE) site during the winter of 2005/06 as part of the Canadian CALIPSO/CloudSat Validation Project (C3VP) were analyzed with various goals in mind: 1) investigate the effects of surface temperature and system depth on the snow fall velocity and particle size distribution, 2) find the variables that control the relationships between snow fall velocity and size (control variables), 3) retrieve the coefficient and the exponent in the power-law mass-size relations used in snow reflectivity, 4) estimate vertical air motion and 5) describe the shape of snowflakes that can be used in polarimetric studies of snow. It also includes considerable calibration work on the Hydrometeor Velocity and Shape Detector (HVSD); as well as sensitivity testing for radar calibration and Mie-scattering effect on snow density.
Resource-aware configuration of ubiquitous multimedia services (2002)

Emerging ubiquitous multimedia services are expected to be available any time, anywhere, and using different computing devices. We present 2K/sup Q/, an architecture that enables such a dynamic and customized delivery of multimedia services. In 2K/sup Q/, a multimedia service can be delivered by multiple service configurations, each of which involves a different set of service components. For each client, the appropriate service configuration is chosen based on the current end-to-end resource availability. We have implemented a prototype of 2K/sup Q/ as part of the 2K operating system. As a proof-of-concept, we have also built a video streaming service on top of 2K/sup Q/. Our experiments show the soundness of 2K/sup Q/.
Mathematical aspects of GPS RAIM (2002)

This paper presents and proves two new theorems that provide deeper understanding of receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) methods. The theorems answer the following two questions about RAIM and the least squares navigation solution. (i) Given one set of GPS measurements (a "snapshot"), is it ever possible to determine the navigation error from the parity vector? (ii) Consider a set of measured satellite ranges. All the measurements are subject to noise and one of the measurements is biased by an unknown amount. Three navigation solutions may be obtained. (A) All the measurements are used. (B) Solution A is corrected using standard RAIM techniques for estimating the bias and its effect on the navigation solution. (C) The biased measurement is excluded and a navigation solution is obtained with the remaining measurements. The first theorem reveals the surprising result that the navigation solution is independent of the parity vector, given any single set of measurements. It indicates that accumulation of measurements is essential for an accurate integrity solution. Based on this result, NAVSYS Corporation has developed the NAVSAFE software package which verifies navigation precision by accumulating sets of measurements. The second theorem states that Solution B and Solution C are equivalent. The NAVSAFE software package uses Solution B to correct biased measurements with excellent success. The proof presented in this paper gives sound theoretical foundation to the results observed in practice. Both theorems are proved by employing the singular value decomposition of the observation matrix.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Metallo Borohydrides. II. Beryllium Borohydride (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetallo Borohydrides. II. Beryllium BorohydrideAnton B. Burg and H. I. SchlesingerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 12, 3425–3429Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01869a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01869a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views287Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>Activated Reactive Evaporation</title> (1982)

High quality optical coatings of metal oxides were prepared by Activated Reactive Evaporation (ARE). A cold cathode discharge is used for generation of low-energy oxygen ions and excited molecules. A survey of the operating parameters for the preparation of TiO2, BeO, In2O3, SnO2 and SiO2 coatings is given. Some results and problems are discussed in connection with the production of low-loss laser coatings, high power UV mirrors and conductive antireflection coatings.
Neural cryptography (2004)

Two neural networks which are trained on their mutual output bits show a novel phenomenon: The networks synchronize to a state with identical time dependent weights. It is shown how synchronization by mutual learning can be applied to cryptography: secret key exchange over a public channel.
<i>cis</i>- and <i>trans</i>-Stereoselective Epoxidation of N-Protected 2-Cyclohexen-1-ylamines (2003)

The first systematic study of the cis and trans stereoselectivity in the m-CPBA epoxidation of N-protected cyclic allylic amines has been completed. Mono-N-protected systems gave epoxides with cis stereochemistry (amides are better cis directors than sulfonamides or carbamates) whereas di-N-protected systems gave trans-epoxides (TsNBoc protection gave complete trans stereoselectivity). [structure: see text]
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Cascade Michael-Alkylation Reactions:  Synthesis of Chiral Cyclopropanes and Investigation of Unexpected Organocatalyzed Stereoselective Ring Opening of Cyclopropanes (2007)

The development of efficient methods for the facile construction of important molecular architectures is a central goal in organic synthesis. An unprecedented organocatalytic asymmetric cascade Michael-alkylation reaction of alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes with bromomalonates has been developed. The process, efficiently catalyzed by chiral diphenylprolinol TMS ether in the presence of base 2,6-lutidine, serves as a powerful approach to the preparation of synthetically and biologically important cyclopropanes in high levels of enantio- and diastereoselectivities. Remarkably, the power of the cascade process is fueled by its high efficiency of the production of two new C-C bonds, two new stereogenic centers, and one quaternary carbon center in one single operation, which otherwise is difficult to achieve by traditional strategies. Moreover, the beauty of the cascade process is further underscored by the nature of the product formation depending on the reaction conditions. With the alternation of base from 2,6-lutidine (1.1 equiv), which is effective for the cyclopropanations, to NaOAc (4.0 equiv), the spontaneous ring-opening of cyclopropanes takes place to lead to stereoselective (E) alpha-substituted malonate alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes. A possible reaction mechanism, which involves a Michael-alkylation-retro-Michael pathway, is proposed and verified by experimental studies. This investigation represents the first example of an organocatalyst-promoted ring opening of the cyclopropanes, whereas such reactions have been intensively explored by Lewis acid-based catalysis.
A solid state streak camera (2005)

A monolithic solid-state streak camera has been designed and fabricated in a standard 0.35 μm, 3.3V, thin-oxide digital CMOS process. It consists of a 1-D linear array of 150 integrated photodiodes, followed by fast analog buffers and on-chip, 150-deep analog frame storage. Each pixel's front-end consists of an n-diffusion / p-well photodiode, with fast complementary reset transistors, and a source-follower buffer. Each buffer drives a line of 150 sample circuits per pixel, with each sample circuit consisting of an n-channel sample switch, a 0.1 pF double-polysilicon sample capacitor, a reset switch to definitively clear the capacitor, and a multiplexed source-follower readout buffer. Fast on-chip sample clock generation was designed using a self-timed break-before-make operation that insures the maximum time for sample settling. The electrical analog bandwidth of each channels buffer and sampling circuits was designed to exceed 1 GHz. Sampling speeds of 400 M-frames/s have been achieved using electrical input signals. Operation with optical input signals has been demonstrated at 100 MHz sample rates. Sample output multiplexing allows the readout of all 22,500 samples (150 pixels times 150 samples per pixel) in about 3 ms. The chip’s output range was a maximum of 1.48 V on a 3.3V supply voltage, corresponding to a maximum 2.55 V swing at the photodiode. Time-varying output noise was measured to be 0.51 mV, rms, at 100 MHz, for a dynamic range of ~11.5 bits, rms. Circuit design details are presented, along with the results of electrical measurements and optical experiments with fast pulsed laser light sources at several wavelengths.
Acrivastine in allergic rhinitis: a review of clinical experience. (1989)

Acrivastine is an antihistamine with reduced sedating potential. This comprehensive review of clinical experience with acrivastine in allergic rhinitis considers all currently available data both published and, as yet, unpublished. Unequivocal evidence of the efficacy of 8 mg acrivastine three times daily for the control of symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis has been provided by 11 placebo-controlled studies involving almost 1000 patients. Additional trials have generated further supportive data as well as evidence for the use of acrivastine in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis. In common with most antihistamines, acrivastine alone has limited effect on the symptom of blocked nose. In a further series of 11 studies, mainly conducted in the USA, the combination of 8 mg acrivastine plus 60 mg pseudoephedrine was found to control not only the histamine-mediated symptoms of allergic rhinitis but also blocked nose. There were few adverse events associated with the use of acrivastine and the small increase in incidence of drowsiness over that found with placebo was similar to that observed for terfenadine. The marked absence of other signs of significant depression of the central nervous system (or anticholinergic activity) suggests that acrivastine will be an important addition for the antihistaminic control of symptoms of allergic rhinitis.
Biochemical and Functional Analysis of Smallpox Growth Factor (SPGF) and Anti-SPGF Monoclonal Antibodies (2004)

Variola, the causative agent of smallpox, is a highly infectious double-stranded DNA virus of the orthopox genus that replicates within the cytoplasm of infected cells. For unknown reasons prominent skin manifestations, including "pox," mark the course of this systemic human disease. Here we characterized smallpox growth factor (SPGF), a protein containing an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain that is conserved among orthopox viral genomes, and investigated its possible mechanistic link. We show that after recombinant expression, refolding, and purification, the EGF domain of SPGF binds exclusively to the broadly expressed cellular receptor, erb-B1 (EGF receptor), with subnanomolar affinity, stimulating the growth of primary human keratinocytes and fibroblasts. High affinity monoclonal antibodies specific for SPGF reveal in vivo immunoprotection in a murine vaccinia pneumonia model by a mechanism distinct from viral neutralization. These findings suggest that blockade of pathogenic factor actions, in general, may be advantageous to the infected host.
Natural convection and its fractal for liquid freezing in a vertical cavity filled with porous medium (1999)

The numerical simulation for a freezing liquid-saturated porous media in a vertical cylindrical cavity under the third kind of thermal boundary condition is reported in this paper. It shows that the effect of natural convection in the liquid phase decreases the freezing layer thickness and the freezing front has a wave shape instead of a stable plane, with one or more pair of eddy cells. This indicates a fractal existence. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 28(3): 165–171, 1999
Head gestures for computer control (2002)

This paper explores the ways in which head gestures can be applied to the user interface. Four categories of gestural task are considered: pointing, continuous control, spatial selection and symbolic selection. For each category, the problem is examined in the abstract, focusing on human factors and an analysis of the task, then solutions are presented which take into consideration sensing constraints and computational efficiency. A hybrid pointer control algorithm is described that is better suited for facial pointing than either pure rate control or pure position control approaches. Variations of the algorithm are described for scrolling and selection tasks. The primary contribution is to address a full range of interactive head gestures using a consistent approach which focuses as much on user and task constraints as on sensing considerations.