gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on the Thrombolytic Activity of a Protease from Aspergillus Oryzae (1964)

Abstract The fungal protease was administered intravenously in repeated doses to cats. The effect on clotting time, fibrinogen level, fibrinolytic and activator activity, and serum inhibitor activity of each dose was determined. It is concluded that doses of the enzyme which do not overcome the natural inhibitor capacity of the animals have no untoward effects on these parameters. Over‐dosage has, however, fatal consequences. Using tolerable doses, evidence was obtained for in vivo lysis of experimental venous thrombi. The assumption is advanced that a reversible complex between the enzyme and one of the plasma inhibitors is responsible for the in vivo thrombolytic effect. When in contact with fibrin, the protease I is competitively removed from the complex finally resulting in a dissolution of the clot.
Framework-Substituted Lanthanide MCM-22 Zeolite: Synthesis and Characterization (2010)

Incorporation of Ce and La into the framework of MCM-22 zeolite has been achieved by cohydrolysis and condensation of tetraethylorthosilicate and lanthanide salts in moderate/weak acidic media followed by a switch of synthesis gels to basic conditions for hydrothermal crystallization. The promotion effect of the framework Ce (La) when Ce(La)-MCM-22 serves as the catalyst support for hydroisomerization of n-heptane is demonstrated. Framework substitutions of lanthanides are evidenced by a set of mutually complementary characterizations, catalytic tests, and item-by-item comparisons with the impregnated and ion-exchanged counterparts. The novel synthesis strategy may give further outlines for the production of other types of heteroatomic zeolites.
Visualizing Association Rules Using Linked Matrix,Graph, and Detail Views (2013)

Although association rule mining is an important pattern recognition and data analysis technique, extracting and finding significant rules from a large collection has always been challenging. The ability of information visualization to enable users to gain an understanding of high dimensional and large-scale data can play a major role in the exploration, identification, and interpretation of association rules. In this paper, we propose a method that provides multiple views of the association rules, linked together through a filtering mechanism. A visual inspection of the entire association rule set is enabled within a matrix view. Items of interest can be selected, resulting in their corresponding association rules being shown in a graph view. At any time, individual rules can be selected in either view, resulting in their information being shown in the detail view. The fundamental premise in this work is that by providing such a visual and interactive representation of the association rules, users will be able to find important rules quickly and easily, even as the number of rules that must be inspected becomes large. A user evaluation was conducted which validates this premise.
Flexible Si BiCMOS on plastic substrates (2017)

In this work, we have demonstrated flexible BiCMOS devices on transferable single crystalline Si nanomembrane (Si NM), including n-channel and p-channel metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (NMOS & PMOS FETs) and NPN bipolar transistors (BJTs). All types of devices that were successfully integrated into Si NM demonstrated excellent DC and radio-frequency (RF) characteristics and performed a stable transconductance and a current gain under the bending condition. Overall, Si NM based flexible BiCMOS devices offer great promises for high-performance and multi-functional future flexible applications. Moreover, a flexible BiCMOS process we proposed has a good compatibility with commercial microfabrication technology and thus it is easy to adapt to industrial usage.
Delineating Hydrocarbon Bearing Zones Using Elastic Impedance Inversion: A Persian Gulf Example (2013)

Reservoir characterization plays an important role in different parts of an industrial project. The results from a reservoir characterization study give insight into rock and fluid properties which can optimize the choice of drilling locations and reduce risk and uncertainty. Delineating hydrocarbon bearing zones within a reservoir is the main objective of any seismic reservoir characterization study. In the current study, using limited well control and seismic data, an attempt was made to predict the productive zones of a reservoir using elastic impedance inversion. Elastic impedance logs at near and far angles of incidence have been crossplotted to find the desired productive parts of the formation. Two partial angle stack seismic data have been inverted using a model-based post-stack seismic inversion. The crossplot of the two inverted volumes is interpreted based on the results from the well location. Finally, the hydrocarbon bearing zones of the reservoir was delineated according to the seismic crossplot analysis.
Nonlinear ultrasonic test of micro-nano crack (2011)

A self-built nonlinear ultrasonic test system was established and the interaction between ultrasonic waves and cracks in metal materials and the distortion effects of ultrasonic waves were researched to implement the ultrasonic test of micro-nano cracks in metal materials.On the basis of the presumption that nonlinearity of ultrasonic waves in solid materials is universal,the distortion effect caused by the interaction between ultrasonic waves and the micro-nano cracks in metal materials was explored.Then,according to the analysis on the distortion effect,the measurement of ultrasonic high-order harmonic amplitude was illustrated.Finally,a regular ultrasonic test and a nonlinear ultrasonic test were conducted respectively on fatigue cracks in metal materials,which proves that the nonlinear ultrasonic test is more effective for the micro-nano crack detection.Experiments show that the length of a fatigue crack is relative closely to the exciting efficiency of the second harmonics and the length of the crack detected by the nonlinear ultrasonic method based on the second harmonics is 30% longer than that by the regular ultrasonic test,which realizes the test for micro-nano cracks in metal materials.
Microwave Generation by Optical Techniques - A Review (2006)

This paper is a review of several emerging approaches to microwave generation by optical techniques. These approaches are aimed at types of microwave sources and frequencies, which are not well suited to "conventional" methods (transistor oscillators, TED, IMPATT, etc). These areas include mainly very high frequencies (sub-MM and THz) and also very low phase noise sources. For the very high frequencies heterodyne of optical signals is used. For the low phase noise applications, the opto-electronic oscillator is used. These methods are briefly reviewed below
Detection of rare events within industrial datasets by means of data resampling and specific algorithms (2010)

The paper deals with the problem of the detection of rare patterns in unbalanced datasets coming from the industrial world. Such kind of patterns usually correspond to not frequent but very relevant events, such as the occurrence of product defects and machine faults. Within this work several approaches have been tested for the development of classifiers whose performance are able to meet the industrial requirements, i.e. a high rate of recognition of unfrequent patterns. Considered the unbalanced nature of the available datasets, most known techniques used for dealing with this kind of databases (i.e. resampling techniques and specific algorithms) have been investigated and assessed, subsequently the most promising ones have been combined in order to exploit their advantages. This latter combination led to satisfactory results which make the developed classifier usable in the industrial field.
Microstructural evolution during the heteroepitaxy of Ge on vicinal Si(100) (1991)

Microstructural evolution during the initial stages of islanding of Ge on vicinal Si(100) has been studied in situ with nanometer resolution in an ultrahigh-vacuum scanning transmission electron microscope. Ge is deposited using molecular-beam-epitaxy (MBE) techniques on vicinal Si(100) misoriented 1° and 5° toward 〈110〉. For MBE-type experiments, there is evidence for metastable growth of the Ge intermediate layer to much greater than the equilibrium critical thickness. The layer may grow up to seven monolayers thick before islanding in the Stranski–Krastanov growth mode. The presence of strong adatom sinks significantly alters the growth and size distribution of the islands when the spacing of these sinks is less than an adatom diffusion distance. Studies of the initial stages of islanding in solid-phase MBE indicate that there is no long-range adatom diffusion. There is an initial fast transformation from a disordered layer growth, followed by a sluggish growth of islands. We have studied the coarsening of these islands at the earliest stages with sensitivity to islands as small as 2 nm in radius. It appears that there is a novel coarsening mechanism influenced by an unstable intermediate layer and dislocation-free islands. In all cases, the dislocation-free islands grow more slowly than those which have relaxed by the introduction of misfit dislocations.
INVERTEBRATE CELL VOLUME CONTROL MECHANISMS: A COORDINATED USE OF INTRACELLULAR AMINO ACIDS AND INORGANIC IONS AS OSMOTIC SOLUTE (1982)

All cells have some capacity for cell volume regulation when confronted with a hypoosmotic stress. The basis of this physiological response is an extrusion of intracellular osmotic solute. The cells of euryhaline osmoconforming invertebrates are capable of regulating volume over a wide range of external osmotic concentrations. Most of the existing data indicate that these cells utilize free amino acids from a substantial intracellular pool as the solute source. However, recent studies indicate that these invertebrate cells utilize inorganic ions as osmotic solute as well. The relative contribution of each solute type varies from species to species and, perhaps, from cell type to cell type. The two solute types are regulated by different mechanisms and often with different time courses, but both solute control systems function in a coordinated manner to regulate cell volume. In addition, evidence is appearing demonstrating a role for organic solutes in the volume regulatory processes of vertebrate cells. At present, it seems that the volume regulatory mechanisms utilized by all cells may be more similar than currently thought, differing in relative contributions of the two solute types rather than kind of solute utilized.
Efficient Production of Biologically Active Porcine Interleukin-18 by Coexpression with Porcine Caspase-1 Using a Baculovirus Expression System (2001)

We previously reported that the precursor form of porcine interleukin-18 (IL-18) expressed by the baculovirus system was able to be secreted efficiently into the supernatant of insect cells, whereas only small amounts of mature IL-18 were secreted from insect cells. As insect cells do not normally have the IL-1beta converting enzyme (caspase-1), which is required for processing of the precursor IL-18 into the mature IL-18, we recently cloned porcine caspase-1 cDNA. In this study, we constructed a recombinant baculovirus containing the cDNA encoding porcine caspase-1 and showed that the coexpression of caspase-1 and the precursor IL-18 enabled insect cells to secrete mature IL-18 into the culture supernatant efficiently. Moreover, inhibition of caspase-1 activity by its specific inhibitor prevented the processing of precursor IL-18 into the mature form. These results indicated that the processing and secretion of precursor IL-18 into the mature form in insect cells were enhanced by the artificial introduction of caspase-1 activity for cleavage.
A 2.7-v 1.8-GHz fourth-order tunable LC bandpass filter based on emulation of magnetically coupled resonators (2003)

A low-voltage fourth-order RF bandpass filter structure based on emulation of two magnetically coupled resonators is presented. A unique feature of the proposed architecture is using electric coupling to emulate the effect of the coupled inductors, thus providing bandwidth tuning with small passband ripple. Each resonator is built using on-chip spiral inductors and accumulation-mode pMOS capacitors to provide center frequency tuning. The filter has been implemented in HP 0.5-μm CMOS process and occupies an area of 0.15 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . It consumes 16 mA from a single 2.7-V supply at a center frequency of 1.84 GHz and a bandwidth of 80 MHz while providing a passband gain of 9 dB and more than 30 dB of image attenuation for an IF frequency of 100 MHz. The measured output 1-dB compression point and output noise power spectral densities are -16 dBm and -137 dBm/Hz, respectively. This results in a 1-dB compression dynamic range of 42 dB. The filter minimum power supply voltage for proper operation is 2 V. The chip experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical results.
Head‐Out Plethysmography in Safety Pharmacology Assessment (2006)

The importance of the ability to accurately evaluate respiratory function in animals has been underscored by the classification of the respiratory system as a vital organ system by regulatory agencies in the United States, the European Union, and Japan. A comprehensive assessment of respiratory function should include an evaluation of ventilatory function, including rate and volume measurements, overall pulmonary ventilation (i.e., minute volume), and lung function, including resistance to lung airflow. A volume-displacement, head-out, plethysmograph chamber is widely considered the most accurate method for measuring respiratory flows and volumes in small animals because it allows direct assessment of both volume and rate as well as resistance to lung airflow, a predictor of airway constriction or obstruction. Direct assessment of airway resistance is important because mild to moderate increases are generally not detected as changes in ventilatory patterns. This unit describes a method for evaluating ventilatory and lung function in conscious rats.
Need low-cost networking? Consider DeviceNet (1996)

The drive to reduce production costs and optimize system performance in manufacturing facilities causes many end users to invest in network solutions. Because of distinct differences between the way tasks are performed and the way data are handled for various applications, it is clear than more than one network will be needed in most facilities. What is not clear is which network is most appropriate for a given application. The information layer is the link between automation and information environments via management information systems (MISs) and manufacturing execution systems (MESs) and manufacturing execution systems (MESs). Here the market has chosen a de facto standard in Ethernet, primarily transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP) and secondarily manufacturing messaging system (MMS). There is no single standard at the device layer. However, the DeviceNet communication standard has made strides to reach this goal. This protocol eliminates expensive hardwiring and provides improved communication between devices and important device-level diagnostics not easily accessible or available through hardwired I/O interfaces. DeviceNet is a low-cost communications link connecting industrial devices to a network. Many original equipment manufacturers and end users have chosen the DeviceNet platform for several reasons, but most frequently because of four key features: interchangeability; lowmore » cost; advanced diagnostics; insert devices under power.« less
Three dimensional interconnects with high aspect ratio TSVs and fine pitch solder microbumps (2011)

High density three dimensional (3D) interconnects formed by high aspect ratio through silicon vias (TSVs) and fine pitch solder microbumps are presented in this paper. The aspect ratio of the TSV is larger than 10 and filled with Cu without voids; there are electrical nickel and immersion gold (ENIG) pads on top of the TSV as under bump metallurgy (UBM) layer. On the Si chip, Cu/Sn solder microbumps with 16µm in diameter and 25µm in pitch are fabricated. After singulating the Si chip and the Si carrier, there are joined together and the interconnection is formed between them through the solder micro bumps and the TSV.
Large-scale PV module manufacturing using ultra-thin polycrystalline silicon solar cells (2005)

This paper will report on the work performed by BP Solar during the first two years of NREL PVMaT subcontract #ZDO-2-30628-03. The major objectives of this program are to continue the advancement of BP Solar's multicrystalline silicon manufacturing technology to: increase ingot size; improve ingot material quality; develop wire saws to slice 100 /spl mu/m thick silicon wafers; develop equipment for demounting and handling of ultra-thin wafers; develop cell processes that produce cells with efficiencies of at least 15.4% at an overall yield exceeding 95%; expand existing in-line manufacturing data reporting systems; establish a 50 MW factory model; and facilitate an increase in the silicon feedstock industry's production capacity for lower-cost solar grade feedstock.
Hypoxia-induced endocytosis of Na,K-ATPase in alveolar epithelial cells is mediated by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and PKC-ζ (2003)

During ascent to high altitude and pulmonary edema, the alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) are exposed to hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia inhibits alveolar fluid reabsorption and decreases Na,K-ATPase activity in AEC. We report here that exposure of AEC to hypoxia induced a time-dependent decrease of Na,K-ATPase activity and a parallel decrease in the number of Na,K-ATPase alpha(1) subunits at the basolateral membrane (BLM), without changing its total cell protein abundance. These effects were reversible upon reoxygenation and specific, because the plasma membrane protein GLUT1 did not decrease in response to hypoxia. Hypoxia caused an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels that was inhibited by antioxidants. Antioxidants prevented the hypoxia-mediated decrease in Na,K-ATPase activity and protein abundance at the BLM. Hypoxia-treated AEC deficient in mitochondrial DNA (rho(0) cells) did not have increased levels of ROS, nor was the Na,K-ATPase activity inhibited. Na,K-ATPase alpha(1) subunit was phosphorylated by PKC in hypoxia-treated AEC. In AEC treated with a PKC-zeta antagonist peptide or with the Na,K-ATPase alpha(1) subunit lacking the PKC phosphorylation site (Ser-18), hypoxia failed to decrease Na,K-ATPase abundance and function. Accordingly, we provide evidence that hypoxia decreases Na,K-ATPase activity in AEC by triggering its endocytosis through mitochondrial ROS and PKC-zeta-mediated phosphorylation of the Na,K-ATPase alpha(1) subunit.
Virtualization Security Combining Mandatory Access Control and Virtual Machine Introspection (2014)

Virtualization has become a target for attacks in cloud computing environments. Existing approaches to protecting the virtualization environment against the attacks are limited in protection scope and are with high overheads. This paper proposes a novel virtualization security solution which aims to provide comprehensive protection of the virtualization environment.
Flow Range of Centrifugal Compressor Being Extended (2001)

General Aviation will benefit from turbine engines that are both fuel-efficient and reliable. Current engines fall short of their potential to achieve these attributes. The reason is compressor surge, which is a flow stability problem that develops when the compressor is subjected to conditions that are outside of its operating range. Compressor surge can occur when fuel flow to the engine is increased, temporarily back pressuring the compressor and pushing it past its stability limit, or when the compressor is subjected to inlet flow-field distortions that may occur during takeoff and landing. Compressor surge can result in the loss of an aircraft. As a result, engine designers include a margin of safety between the operating line of the engine and the stability limit line of the compressor. Unfortunately, the most efficient operating line for the compressor is usually closer to its stability limit line than it is to the line that provides an adequate margin of safety. A wider stable flow range will permit operation along the most efficient operating line of the compressor, improving the specific fuel consumption of the engine and reducing emissions. The NASA Glenn Research Center is working to extend the stable flow range of the compressor. Significant extension has been achieved in axial compressors by injecting air upstream of the compressor blade rows. Recently, the technique was successfully applied to a 4:1 pressure ratio centrifugal compressor by injecting streams of air into the diffuser. Both steady and controlled unsteady injection were used to inject air through the diffuser shroud surface and extend the range. Future work will evaluate the effect of air injection through the diffuser hub surface and diffuser vanes with the goal of maximizing the range extension while minimizing the amount of injected air that is required.
A critical-section-level timing synchronization approach for deterministic multi-core instruction set simulations (2013)

This paper proposes a Critical-Section-Level timing synchronization approach for deterministic Multi-Core Instruction-Set Simulation (MCISS). By synchronizing at each lock access instead of every shared-variable access and using a simple lock usage status managing scheme, our approach significantly improves simulation performance while executing all critical sections in a deterministic order. Experiments show that our approach performs 295% faster than the shared-variable synchronization approach on average and can effectively facilitate system-level software/hardware co-simulation.
Air pollution and biomarkers of systemic inflammation and tissue repair in COPD patients (2014)

The origin(s) of systemic inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is unclear. We investigated the impact of exposure to ambient air pollution on systemic biomarkers of inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP), tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and fibrinogen) and tissue repair (hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)) in 242 clinically stable COPD patients (mean age 67.8 years and forced expiratory volume in 1 s 71.3% predicted) in Barcelona, Spain, in 2004-2006. A spatiotemporal exposure assessment framework was applied to predict ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and levels of particles with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm (PM2.5) at each participant's home address during 10 periods of 24 h (lags 1-10) and 1 year prior to the blood sampling date. We used linear regression models to estimate associations between biomarkers and exposure levels. An interquartile range (IQR) increase in NO2 exposure in lag 5 was associated with 51%, 10% and 9% increases in CRP, fibrinogen and HGF levels respectively. We also observed 12% and 8% increases in IL-8 associated with an IQR increase in NO2 exposure in lag 3 and over the year before sampling, respectively. These increases were larger in former smokers. The results for PM2.5 were not conclusive. These results show that exposure to ambient NO2 increases systemic inflammation in COPD patients, especially in former smokers.