gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flexible bottom-emitting white organic light-emitting diodes with semitransparent Ni/Ag/Ni anode (2013)

We fabricated a flexible bottom-emitting white organic light-emitting diode (BEWOLED) with a structure of PET/Ni/Ag/Ni (3/6/3 nm)/ NPB (50 nm)/mCP (10 nm)/7% FIrpic:mCP (10 nm)/3% Ir(pq)(2) acac:TPBi (5 nm)/7% FIrpic:TPBi (5 nm)/TPBi (10 nm)/Liq (2 nm)/ Al (100 nm). To improve the performance of the BEWOLED, a multilayered metal stack anode of Ni/Ag/Ni treated with oxygen plasma for 60 sec was introduced into the OLED devices. The Ni/Ag/Ni anode effectively enhanced the probability of hole-electron recombination due to an efficient hole injection into and charge balance in an emitting layer. By comparing with a reference WOLED using ITO on glass, it is verified that the flexible BEWOLED showed a similar or better electroluminescence (EL) performance.
Muse Cells: Nontumorigenic Pluripotent Stem Cells Present in Adult Tissues—A Paradigm Shift in Tissue Regeneration and Evolution (2016)

Muse cells are a novel population of nontumorigenic pluripotent stem cells, highly resistant to cellular stress. These cells are present in every connective tissue and intrinsically express pluripotent stem markers such as Nanog, Oct3/4, Sox2, and TRA1-60. Muse cells are able to differentiate into cells from all three embryonic germ layers both spontaneously and under media-specific induction. Unlike ESCs and iPSCs, Muse cells exhibit low telomerase activity and asymmetric division and do not undergo tumorigenesis or teratoma formation when transplanted into a host organism. Muse cells have a high capacity for homing into damaged tissue and spontaneous differentiation into cells of compatible tissue, leading to tissue repair and functional restoration. The ability of Muse cells to restore tissue function may demonstrate the role of Muse cells in a highly conserved cellular mechanism related to cell survival and regeneration, in response to cellular stress and acute injury. From an evolutionary standpoint, genes pertaining to the regenerative capacity of an organism have been lost in higher mammals from more primitive species. Therefore, Muse cells may offer insight into the molecular and evolutionary bases of autonomous tissue regeneration and elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms that prevent mammals from regenerating limbs and organs, as planarians, newts, zebrafish, and salamanders do.
Competitive and selective learning method for vector quantizer design—Equidistortion principle and its algorithm (1995)

Abstract A new competitive learning approach for optimal vector quantizer is presented. First, it is shown that the original Competitive Learning (CL) algorithm can be derived from the two necessary conditions forming the basis of the traditional nonconnectionist vector quantizer (VQ) design algorithm called the LBG algorithm. It is then shown that the conventional conscience principle or equiprobable principle is not optimal from the standpoint of the minimization of the expected dis‐tortion. Next, a basic principle is introduced. Called the equidistortion principle (a necessary condition for optimal vector quantizers) it is derived by using Gersho's asymptotic theory. It is shown to be applicable to distributions consisting of disjoint clusters. Then a new competitive learning algorithm with a selection mechanism, called the competitive and selective learning (CSL) algorithm and based on the equidistortion principle, is proposed here. Since the selection mechanism enables the system to escape from local minima, the proposed algorithm can obtain better performance without a particular initialization procedure even when the input data clusters in a number of regions in the input vector space. In a synthetic one‐dimensional quantizer problem in which the optimum quantizer can be numerically obtained, less than 2% of the minimum distortion has been found which had not been obtained previously by con‐ventional algorithms.
Multi-domain collaborative filtering (2010)

In this paper, we study collaborative filtering (CF) in an interactive setting, in which a recommender system contin-uously recommends items to individual users and receives interactive feedback. Whilst users enjoy sequential recom-mendations, the recommendation predictions are constant-ly refined using up-to-date feedback on the recommended items. Bringing the interactive mechanism back to the CF process is fundamental because the ultimate goal for a rec-ommender system is about the discovery of interesting items for individual users and yet users ’ personal preferences and contexts evolve over time during the interactions with the system. This requires us not to distinguish between the stages of collecting information to construct the user profile and making recommendations, but to seamlessly integrate these stages together during the interactive process, with the goal of maximizing the overall recommendation accuracy throughout the interactions. This mechanism naturally ad-dresses the cold-start problem as any user can immediately receive sequential recommendations without providing rat-ings beforehand. We formulate the interactive CF with the probabilistic matrix factorization (PMF) framework, and leverage several exploitation-exploration algorithms to se-lect items, including the empirical Thompson sampling and upper confidence bound based algorithms. We conduct our experiment on cold-start users as well as warm-start users with drifting taste. Results show that the proposed methods have significant improvements over several strong baselines for the MovieLens, EachMovie and Netflix datasets.
Determination of the Affinity and Kinetic Constants for the Interaction between the Human Virus Echovirus 11 and Its Cellular Receptor, CD55 (1998)

The biochemical properties of the molecular interactions mediating viral-cell recognition are poorly characterized. In this study, we use surface plasmon resonance to study the affinity and kinetics of the interaction of echovirus 11 with its cellular receptor decay-accelerating factor (CD55). As reported for interactions between cell-cell recognition molecules, the interaction has a low affinity (KD approximately 3.0 microM) as a result of a very fast dissociation rate constant (kon approximately 10(5) M-1.s-1, koff approximately 0.3 s-1). This contrasts with the interaction of soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1, CD54) with human rhinovirus 3 which has been reported to have a similar affinity but 10(2)-10(3)-fold slower kinetics (Casasnovas, J. M., and Springer, T. A. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 13216-13224). The extracellular portion of decay-accelerating factor comprises four short consensus repeat domains (domains 1-4) and a mucin-like stalk. By comparison of the binding affinity for echovirus 11 of various fragments of decay-accelerating factor, we are able to conclude that short consensus repeat domain 3 contributes approximately 80% of the binding energy.
Quality Optimization in Red Pepper Drying (1989)

Optimal drying conditions consisting of air temperature and relative humidity were searched by the simulation-optimization technique for minimizing quality changes in red pepper drying. Optimized drying conditions were analysed in the viewpoint of quality change kinetics and effects of control variables on the state variables. Optimal drying conditions were nearly same in both cases for carotenoid maximization and browning minimization. In two staged optimized drying, relative humidity took a lower search limit of about 10%, and air temperature in the first stage was near the lower limit of and in second stage increased to a higher temperature varying with total drying time and stage changing time. Response surface analysis of time invariable drying confirmed the location of the optimal point lying on the vertex of lower limit humidity and a lowest drying temperature which ensures to attain target moisture of 0.2g water/g dry solid. Two stage drying can attain the higher objective function of quality by 3-5% than time invariable drying for shorter total drying times.
Beneficial effects of the micronized purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF, Daflon® 500 mg) on microvascular damage elicited by sclerotherapy (2014)

MPFF treatment limited the postsclerotherapy inflammation in surrounding microvascular network, suggesting that MPFF may prevent undesirable secondary effects of the procedure in this animal model. This study warrants further investigation for its use in clinical conditions.
Feature extraction for robust speech recognition using a power-law nonlinearity and power-bias subtraction (2009)

This paper presents a new robust feature extraction algorithm based on a modified approach to power bias subtraction combined with applying a threshold to the power spectral density.Power bias level is selected as a level above which the signal power distribution is sharpest.The sharpness is measured using the ratio of arithmetic mean to the geometric mean of medium-duration power.When subtracting this bias level, power flooring is applied to enhance robustness.These new ideas are employed to enhance our recently introduced feature extraction algorithm PNCC (Power Normalized Cepstral Coefficient).While simpler than our previous PNCC, experimental results show that this new PNCC is showing better performance than our previous implementation.
Animal models for pathogenic Neisseria species (1989)

The development and use of various animal models in the early 1970s helped renew interest in the immunobiology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis.This research also provoked controversy concerning which infection model provided the most useful information.Certainly, the human host or isolated organ cultures provided a relevant test system for neisserial infections; however, these models were not accessible to many research groups, and, therefore, alternative models were necessary for preliminary studies.If some discretion is exercised in selecting an appropriate species and in interpreting the results, much useful informa- tion can be obtained by studying these sometimes contrived model systems.The question regarding what constitutes a
Implementing Six Sigma: Smarter Solutions Using Statistical Methods (2000)

"Implementing Six Sigma: Smarter Solutions Using Statistical Methods." Technometrics, 42(3), pp. 309–310
An extensible system for source code analysis (1998)

Constructing code analyzers may be costly and error prone if inadequate technologies and tools are used. If they are written in a conventional programming language, for instance, several thousand lines of code may be required even for relatively simple analyses. One way of facilitating the development of code analyzers is to define a very high-level domain-oriented language and implement an application generator that creates the analyzers from the specification of the analyses they are intended to perform. This paper presents a system for developing code analyzers that uses a database to store both a no-loss fine-grained intermediate representation and the results of the analyses. The system uses an algebraic representation, called F(p), as the user-visible intermediate representation. Analyzers are specified in a declarative language, called F(p)-l, which enables an analysis to be specified in the form of a traversal of an algebraic expression, with access to, and storage of, the database information the algebraic expression indices. A foreign language interface allows the analyzers to be embedded in C programs. This is useful for implementing the user interface of an analyzer, for example, or to facilitate interoperation of the generated analyzers with pre-existing tools. The paper evaluates the strengths and limitations of the proposed system, and compares it to other related approaches.
Examination of chlorpromazine and other amphipathic drugs on the activity of lipopolysaccharide antagonists, E5564 and E5531 (2000)

The synthetic antagonists of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), E5531 and E5564, are analogs of the lipid A portion of LPS that not only lack agonistic activity but also inhibit the biological effects of LPS both in vitro and in vivo. The effects of LPS and these synthetic antagonists have been localized to the recently described Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). A recent report indicated that the naturally occurring LPS antagonist Rhodobacter sphaeroides LPS loses its antagonist properties and gains pro-inflammatory qualities in the presence of chlorpromazine and other amphipathic drugs. To determine whether these reported actions occur with our chemically defined LPS antagonists, we examined the effects of chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, trifluoperazine, and lidocaine on the antagonism elicited by RsLPS and E5531 in U373 cells, which produce IL-6 in response to LPS. We also tested the effects of these amphipathic molecules on the LPS-neutralizing activity of RsLPS and E5564 on LPS-induced TNF-α release in human whole blood. The results indicate that neither chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, trifluoperazine nor lidocaine alter the activity of E5531 or E5564 in an in vitro cell system or human whole blood. Furthermore, chlorpromazine did not affect the antagonistic activity of RsLPS or E5564 on IL-6 generation by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Thus, based on these data, our purified synthetic LPS-antagonists do not appear to lose their antagonistic properties and/or become agonists in the presence of amphipathic agents or drugs.
China: A Challenge or Opportunity for the United States? (2003)

Ever since the end of the Cold War, the United States—from the government to the public, from the White House to Congress, from policymakers to pundits, from China specialists to people who know little about China—has engaged itself in the seemingly endless debate on China. Immediately after the collapse of the Soviet Union, people debated whether China was still important to the United States and whether the Sino-U.S. special relationship was worth preserving. Since the early 1990s, with China's remarkable economic “soft landing” and the consequent robust and sustained economic growth, Americans seemed to have reached a consensus that China still matters to the United States for better or worse. U.S.-China relations were often referred to as one of the most important bilateral relations to the United States. But important in what way? Much debate ensued with a series of frictions between the two countries that climaxed in the dispatch of two U.S. aircraft carriers to the South China Sea during the Taiwan Strait crisis in 1996, the U.S.-led NATO bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade in 1999, and the midair collision between the two air forces in 2001. The U.S. media tirelessly asked the question: “China: friend or foe?” The pattern for U.S. China policy since the end of the Cold War is that whenever the relationship appeared to be stabilizing and a consensus was shaping, new crises emerged and destroyed the hard-won progress, triggering another round of debate on China as if people never learned anything from the previous debate; the old and familiar discourse started all over again.
Novel Soluble Fluorene–Thienothiadiazole and Fluorene–Carbazole Copolymers for Optoelectronics (2010)

Abstract Summary: Optical, photophysical, electrochemical and photoelectrical properties of novel soluble low‐bandgap fluorene – thienothiadiazole based copolymers ( CHTF and CDTF ) and luminescent fluorene – carbazole copolymers, ( CFCzE and CFCZA ) were studied. Fluorene – thienothiadiazole copolymers exhibit in thin films long‐wavelength absorption with maxima at 750 – 785 nm and possess low bandgap, high electron affinity and exhibit reversible electrochromic behaviour. Therefore they are of interest for electrochromic and photovoltaic applications. Spectroelectrochemical study was performed and optical switching was demonstrated. Photovoltaic devices with bulk heterojunction made of blends of copolymers and fullerene derivative [60]PCBM were prepared. The power conversion efficiency was 2–3%. On the other hand, the fluorene‐carbazole copolymers exhibit blue photoluminescence with high quantum efficiency in solution and also in thin films. Light‐emitting devices with intensive broad bluish‐green‐white emission were fabricated.
Aminergic Receptors in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>: Properties of [<sup>3</sup>H]Dihydroergocryptine Binding Sites (1982)

[3H]Dihydroergocryptine ([3H]DHE) binds to a particulate preparation from Drosophila melanogaster heads at a level of 2.4 +/- 0.4 pmol/mg protein, with an apparent dissociation constant of 2.0 +/- 0.5 nM. The binding sites are inactivated by heat, pronase treatment, and sulfhydryl and disulfide reagents. [3H]DHE binding is inhibited by low concentrations of serotonergic and alpha-adrenergic ligands. The specificity of the binding sites, as revealed by displacement studies, differs from that of [3H]DHE binding sites in various vertebrate tissues. The [3H]DHE binding sites may correspond to serotonergic receptors, and possibly, to additional classes of receptors for putative neurotransmitters in Drosophila.
Gadolinium-enhanced MR of the postoperative internal auditory canal following acoustic neuroma resection via the middle fossa approach. (1992)

A single exam is of limited value. Serial studies are recommended to identify changes that would indicate tumor growth. A proposed MR follow-up schedule is an initial baseline exam within 2 months of surgery and a repeat exam during the second postoperative year.
Aerial-image-based off-focus inspection: lithography process window analysis during mask inspection (2003)

The industry roadmap for IC manufacturing at design rules of 90nm and below foresees low k1-factor optical lithography at 193nm exposure wavelength. Aggressive model-based OPC are being used more and more frequently in order to achieve the extremely tight mask CD specifications required by 90nm technology node. State-of-the-art mask inspection is challenged to detect CD defects close to metrology resolution. Inspection of OPC is critical; OPC feature dimensions are usually near or below the resolution limits of mask exposure. In addition, chrome defects can be semitransparent and change the intensity of light on the wafer. In this paper aerial-image based mask inspection is investigated and presented. The concept inspects a given mask based on its aerial image with selected wafer exposure conditions, thus “finds only defect which will print”. This paradigm shift in mask inspection philosophy provides the unique opportunities of verifying and controlling the entire aerial image generated by the inspected mask. As reticle enhancement techniques like OPC are designed to enhance the aerial image of a mask, this concept offers a comprehensive way of inspecting these techniques. The inspection is shifted from detecting every single minor change on mask to detecting what on mask could possibly impact the printing image quality on the wafer. In this paper an advanced application of aerial-image based mask inspection is discussed in more detail. As a standard, the Aera193 uses the best-focus aerial image for defect detection. From HNA mask inspection it is a well-known fact, that shifting the inspection off-focus, can provide a more sensitive detection. In the csase of aerial-image based inspection, going off-focus can be compared with lithography exposure out of focus. In other words, the lithography process window will be taken into account for defect detection. This methodology provides additional important information ·Understand process window printability of defects detected at best-focus ·Detect additional defects, which may print at the borders of the process window. This information is of extreme value for wafer lithography and may help by decisions about lithography process and mask usage. Focus of the paper is to analyze the application of aerial image-based off-focus inspection. Advanced OPC test plates are used to analyze detection at best and off-focus. The inspection results are compared to actual wafer results. Wafer lithography benefit is discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of a Series of Non‐Peptide High‐Affinity Human Corticotropin‐Releasing Factor1 Receptor Antagonists (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Peptide Targeted Contrast Agent Specific to Fibrin-Fibronectin Complexes for Cancer Molecular Imaging with MRI (2008)

A peptide targeted contrast agent, CLT1-(Gd-DTPA), was synthesized for molecular imaging of fibronectin-fibrin complexes in tumor tissue with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The T(1) and T(2) relaxivities of CLT1-(Gd-DTPA) were 4.22 and 4.45 mM(-1) s(-1) at 3 T, respectively. The targeted contrast agent specifically bound to tumor tissue and resulted in significant tumor contrast enhancement at a dose of 0.1 mmol Gd/kg for at least 60 min in mice bearing HT-29 human colon carcinoma xenografts as shown in dynamic MR images. In contrast, a control nontargeted contrast agent, Gd(DTPA-BMA), was cleared rapidly with little tumor enhancement 60 min postinjection. Tumor enhancement with CLT1-(Gd-DTPA) was significantly reduced after coinjection with a 3-fold excess of free CLT1 peptide. The preliminary study has shown that CLT1-(Gd-DTPA) can specifically bind to the fibrin-fibronectin complexes in tumor tissues, resulting in significant tumor enhancement. The targeted contrast agent has a potential for cancer molecular imaging with MRI.
VLSI decoding architecture with improved convergence speed and reduced decoding latency for irregular LDPC codes in WiMAX (2008)

In this paper, we modify a previously proposed decoding algorithm and propose a VLSI architecture to decode the quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) code C used in the IEEE 802.16e standard. The modified decoding algorithm sequentially decodes a plurality of block codes for which its code length is much smaller than that of C. The proposed decoder can achieve a faster speed of convergence, lower decoding latency, higher throughput, and lower number of memory access as compared to the decoders using conventional turbo decoding message passing (TDMP) based on similar hardware complexity.
[The effect of combination of glycine and methylprednisolone on Kupffer cells of liver after hemorrhagic shock in rats]. (2006)

The combination of glycine and MP prevents the increase of intracellular calcium of Kupffer cell, suppress Kupffer cell activation, decrease the production of TNF-alpha of Kupffer cell and block systemic inflammatory responses more effectively than single administer of glycine or MP.