gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cellular digital packet data (1997)

Cellular digital packet data (CDPD) offers on-the-go users access to a low-cost, widespread, wireless data network. CDPD can be overlaid on existing analog cellular systems, and share their infrastructure equipment on a non-interfering basis. Basically, CDPD transmits packet data over idle cellular channels. It autonomously switches to another channel when the current channel is about to be assigned for voice usage. CDPD does not communicate with the underlining cellular network. However, CDPD does use its knowledge about the channel assignment algorithm of the cellular cell to predict the channels available for CDPD use. CDPD may serve as the wireless extension to other data networks (e.g., Internet) or public switched telephone networks. It supports connectionless network services which have packets called network protocol data units (NPDU). Every packet is routed individually based on the destination address of the packet and knowledge of the current network topology. Initially, CDPD provides two connectionless network services: the standard open systems interconnection connectionless network protocol and the Internet protocol.
Progressive Reduction in Body Weight after Treatment with the Amylin Analog Pramlintide in Obese Subjects: A Phase 2, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Escalation Study (2007)

These results support continued evaluation of pramlintide as a potential treatment for obesity.
A new screening test for cystic fibrosis. (1965)

A device and method for analysis of sweat chloride concentration is presented. Analyses of tests done simultaneously on 85 subjects by two methods demonstrate clinical usefulness of the new test method. It is simple, inexpensive, and adaptable to use in the physician9s office and in laboratories where sweat tests are done infrequently.
Pharmacogenomics of Brain Cancer and Personalized Medicine in Malignant Gliomas (2008)

The pharmacogenetics of cancer treatment has been aimed at identifying genetic components of interindividual variability in patients' response to cancer chemotherapy and toxicity. This, in turn, will establish an individually based treatment, and also elucidate the molecular basis of the treatment regimen for further improvements. Brain cancer is an instructive example for the potential contributions of pharmacogenomics to improved treatment in the 21st century. Patients with oligodendrogliomas have benefited from phamacogenomics, as there is a clear relationship between response to chemotherapy and chromosomal profile. Drug efficacy, safety and response could be improved by using pharmacogenomics to identify genetic markers that differentiate responder from nonresponder patient groups, as well as identifying patients likely to develop adverse drug reactions. This review will focus on how pharmacogenomics by microarray studies may lead to much more accurate tumor classification, drug and biomarker discovery, and drug efficacy testing. We will discuss relevant scientific advances in pharmacogenetics for more personalized chemotherapy.
Volumetric curvature attributes for fault/fracture characterization (2007)

Seismic attributes have proliferated in the last three decades at a rapid rate and have helped interpreters in making accurate predictions in hydrocarbon exploration and development. Attributes sensitive to amplitude, such as impedance inversion and AVO, are widely used for lithological and petrophysical prediction of reservoir properties. Other attributes, such as coherence and curvature, are particularly useful in mapping the structure and shape of geological features of interest. It is these latter types of attributes that are of interest for fault/fracture characterization, and in this paper we discuss the applications of volumetric curvature attributes for this purpose. Horizon-based curvature attributes (Roberts, 2001) have been used in seismic data interpretation for predicting fractures ever since Lisle (1994) demonstrated the correlation of curvature values to fractures measured on an outcrop. Different measures of curvature (Gaussian, strike, dip, etc.) have been shown by different workers to be highly correlated with fractures (Hart, 2002; Ericsson et al., 1988; Sigismondi and Soldo, 2003; Massaferro et al., 2003); many more applications can be found in Chopra and Marfurt (2007a, 2007b). As the name implies, horizon-based curvature is computed directly from a picked seismic horizon which in general requires that the data quality be good and that the horizon of interest corresponds to a prominent impedance contrast. Horizons picked on noisy surface seismic data or when picked through regions where no continuous surface exists can produce misleading curvature measures. A common means of addressing such problems is to spatially filter the horizon picks, with the goal of removing the noise and retaining features of geologic interest (Bergbauer et al., 2003; Chopra et al. 2006). Once picked and filtered, a mathematical quadratic surface is fitted to the picked data within a user-defined aperture. The different measures of curvature are then computed analytically from the coefficients of the quadratic surface. Roberts (2001) demonstrated the application of different curvature attributes including minimum and maximum curvatures, mean curvature, dip curvature, strike curvature, mostpositive and most-negative curvature, and shape index. Of this list, we find the most-positive and most-negative curvature measures to be the easiest to directly relate to commonly encountered geologic structural and stratigraphic features.
Pipeline (2002)

Architectures of existing Web servers are analyzed in this paper. A new taxonomy of the architectures of servers and a kind of new architecture (pipeline) are given. We also present an implementation and performance evaluation of a pipeline server prototype for concept proven. The results indicate that the pipeline servers can have high performance.
Human peripheral blood monocytes release a 30,000 dalton factor (30 KD MF) that stimulates immunoglobulin production by activated B cells. (1985)

Supernatants (SN) of well-washed adherent human monocytes, obtained from T cell-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells, contain a 30,000 dalton protein (30 KD MF) that increases immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesis by EBV-activated B cells two- to fourfold. This factor is released spontaneously during the first 20 hr after monocytes are placed in culture. SN containing 30 KD MF are inactive in the thymocyte co-stimulator assay, under conditions that will detect as little as 0.5 U of purified IL 1. The addition of autologous T cells to isolated adherent monocytes, previously depleted of T cells, suppresses the release or activity of this B cell stimulator in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, 30 KD MF stimulates a two- to fourfold increase in IgA production by cells of an EBV-transformed B cell line (JB/FF line) without increasing incorporation of [3H]thymidine. In contrast, stimulation of this B cell line with up to 10 U of purified IL 1 increases IgA synthesis by less than 50%, and addition of up to 100 U of recombinant IL 2 causes no change whatsoever in IgA production. However, co-stimulation with 30 KD MF and recombinant IL 2 or recombinant gamma-interferon induces more Ig production than is caused by the monocyte factor alone. These observations suggest that the monocyte, in addition to acting as an antigen-presenting cell and source of IL 1, facilitates B cell differentiation by producing a factor which acts both independently and in synergy with cytokines produced by T cells to stimulate Ig production by B lymphocytes.
Kinetics of Uptake, Retention, and Radiotoxicity of 125 IUdR in Mammalian Cells: Implications of Localized Energy Deposition by Auger Processes (1987)

The kinetics of uptake, retention, and radiotoxicity of 125IUdR have been studied in proliferating mammalian cells in culture. The radioactivity incorporated into the DNA is directly proportional to the duration of incubation and to the extracellular concentration of 125I. The rate of proliferation of cells is related to the intracellular radioactive concentration and is markedly reduced at medium concentrations greater than or equal to 0.1 mu Ci/ml. At 37% survival the high LET type cell survival curve is characterized by an uptake of 0.035 pCi/cell, and the cumulated mean lethal dose to the cell nucleus is about 80 rad compared to 580 rad of X-ray dose for this cell line. The strong cytocidal effects of the decay of 125I correlate with localized irradiation of the DNA by the low energy Auger electrons.
Nasal Carriage as a Source of<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Bacteremia (2001)

A substantial proportion of cases of S. aureus bacteremia appear to be of endogenous origin since they originate from colonies in the nasal mucosa. These results provide support for strategies to prevent systemic S. aureus infections by eliminating nasal carriage of S. aureus.
Mechanisms for virus-induced liver disease: tumor necrosis factor-mediated pathology independent of natural killer and T cells during murine cytomegalovirus infection (1997)

The contribution of endogenous NK cells and cytokines to virus-induced liver pathology was evaluated during murine cytomegalovirus infections of mice. In immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice, the virus induced a self-limited liver disease characterized by hepatitis, with focal inflammation, and large grossly visible subcapsular necrotic foci. The inflammatory foci were most numerous and contained the greatest number of cells 3 days after infection; they colocalized with areas of viral antigen expression. The largest number of necrotic foci was found 2 days after infection. Overall hepatic damage, assessed as increased expression of liver enzymes in serum, accompanied the development of inflammatory and necrotic foci. Experiments with neutralizing antibodies demonstrated that although virus-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) can have antiviral effects, it also mediated significant liver pathology. TNF was required for development of hepatic necrotic foci and increased levels of liver enzymes in serum but not for increased numbers of inflammatory foci. The necrotic foci and liver enzyme indications of pathology occurred independently of NK and T cells, because mice rendered NK-cell deficient by treatment with antibodies, T- and B-cell-deficient Rag-/- mice, and NK- and T-cell-deficient E26 mice all manifested both parameters of disease. Development of necrotic foci and maximally increased levels of liver enzymes in serum also were TNF dependent in NK-cell-deficient mice. Moreover, in the immunodeficient E26 mice, virus-induced liver disease was progressive, with eventual death of the host, and neutralization of TNF significantly increased longevity. These results establish conditions separating hepatitis from significant liver damage and demonstrate a cytokine-mediated component to viral pathogenesis.
Effect of Impregnating Fe into P-Modified HZSM-5 in the Coupling Cracking of Butene and Pentene (2015)

Iron-containing phosphorus-modified HZSM-5 catalysts were prepared and used for the coupling cracking of butene and pentene (mole ratio of butene to pentene = 4:1). The impact of iron content on the structure and acidity of catalysts was studied by XRD, N2 adsorption, UV–vis spectroscopy, NMR, and FTIR of adsorbed pyridine. The results revealed that iron interacted with phosphorus and increased the content of tetrahedral framework aluminum after impregnating iron into P/HZSM-5. Such interaction recovered partial Brønsted acid sites which were previously neutralized by phosphorus modification, and introducing iron created some Lewis acid sites, significantly promoting the concentration and strength of acid sites. In the coupling cracking of butene and pentene, the addition of iron into phosphorus-modified HZSM-5 significantly increased the conversions of butene and pentene. As iron loading increased from 0 to 2 wt %, butene conversion and pentene conversion increased by 26.8% and 45.8% at 550 °C, weight hourly space velocity = 6 h–1, steam ratio = 0.36 g/g, and time-on-stream = 4 h. With increasing iron loading in phosphorus modified HZSM-5, ethylene selectivity increased while propylene selectivity decreased. The catalytic performance of catalyst was strongly influenced by reaction conditions in the cracking. Proper reaction conditions could inhibit the secondary reactions and enhance propylene selectivity.
Transformers are RNNs: Fast Autoregressive Transformers with Linear Attention (2020)

Transformers achieve remarkable performance in several tasks but due to their quadratic complexity, with respect to the input's length, they are prohibitively slow for very long sequences. To address this limitation, we express the self-attention as a linear dot-product of kernel feature maps and make use of the associativity property of matrix products to reduce the complexity from $\mathcal{O}\left(N^2\right)$ to $\mathcal{O}\left(N\right)$, where $N$ is the sequence length. We show that this formulation permits an iterative implementation that dramatically accelerates autoregressive transformers and reveals their relationship to recurrent neural networks. Our linear transformers achieve similar performance to vanilla transformers and they are up to 4000x faster on autoregressive prediction of very long sequences.
Comparison of stereologic techniques for the quantification of megakaryocyte size and number. (1986)

This work describes the relationship between megakaryocyte size and number in bone marrow, based on stereologic theory, and compares methods of megakaryocyte quantitation from bone marrow sections. Mice were assigned to four treatment groups and received a single injection of either saline (S), thrombocytopoiesis-stimulating factor (TSF), normal rabbit serum (NRS), or rabbit anti-mouse platelet serum (RAMPS). Nine mice from each group were killed daily for three days, and one femur was removed from each mouse and sections prepared for light microscopy. Megakaryocytes were quantified using two general methods. In method 1, diameters of megakaryocyte section profiles were estimated from measurements of cell perimeter, major and minor axes, and profile area. Profile-size distributions, corrected for errors due to section thickness and optically lost profiles, were used to calculate mean megakaryocyte diameter (D). Megakaryocyte diameter and an estimate of the number of profiles per unit section area (NA) were used to calculate the number of megakaryocytes per unit volume (NV) of bone marrow. In method 2, estimates of the cell volume fraction and NA were used to calculate megakaryocyte NV and D. All calculations were made in accordance with the principles of stereology, a branch of morphometry based on geometric probability. Both methods provided satisfactory precision in estimating megakaryocyte D and NV. In general, cell D and NV were unchanged in S- and NRS-treated mice and were significantly greater after TSF and RAMPS treatment. This study confirms the biological effects of RAMPS and TSF on megakaryocytes and presents practical, precise methods by which megakaryocytes can be quantified from bone marrow sections.
Cytochalasin D, LY294002 and olomoucine synergize in promoting death of melanoma cells through activation of caspase-3 and apoptosis (2010)

Many of the current anticancer therapies rely on the induction of apoptosis, and several mechanisms that protect cells against apoptosis may be upregulated in tumors. A growing body of evidence suggests that single drugs with a clearly defined intracellular target may be less efficient in arresting tumor growth and induction of apoptosis than multitargeted strategies. To prove that this is also the case for melanoma, we studied five cell lines, which represent different stages of tumor progression. We tested cell viability, terminal dUTP nick-end labeling and activation of caspase-3 upon exposure to cytochalasin D, LY294002 and olomoucine, added either alone or in various combinations. The obtained data were compared with effects caused by staurosporine. The results show that whereas staurosporine efficiently induced apoptosis in all tested melanoma cell lines, the other drugs had only moderate effects when administered alone. In contrast, the combinations of drugs were more effective in inducing caspase-3 activity and reducing cell viability. In particular, the triple combination of cytochalasin D+LY294002+olomoucine was almost as effective as staurosporine in inducing caspase-3 activity and apoptosis. These results prove that it is possible to design new pharmacological strategies that will effectively induce caspase-3 activity and apoptosis in melanoma. The possible explanations of the observed synergy between the tested drugs are also discussed.
An Empirical Study on Data Center System Failure Diagnosis (2008)

Data center downtime causes business losses over a million dollars per hour. 24times7-hour data availability is critical to numerous systems, e.g. public utilities, hospitals, and data centers. Service interruption signifies lives or deaths, higher costs, and poor service quality. This research conducted the system diagnosis of reliability assessment for Tier IV data centers (DC), employing the Failure Modes, Effects, and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) and the Reliability Block Diagram (RBD). The techniques of series-parallel, active standby, k-out-of-n, bridge, full redundancy, fault tolerant,and multiple utilities were applied in the system failure diagnosis to provide high system availability. Component reliability data were obtained from the IEEE Std. 493 Gold Books. Simulation results from data center system failure diagnos is reveal the functional steps of data center downtime and pinpoint solutions to terminate or mitigate the data center downtime. Proposed improvements on the component's inherent characteristics (CIC) and the system connectivity topology (SCT) help reduce the failure rate by 1.1706 hours in 1,000,000 hours of operation.
Implementation of a P1619 crypto-core for Shared Storage Media (2010)

An alternative hardware implementation of a P1619 XTS-AES architecture, compared to the typical that have been proposed by now, is presented in this paper. The implementation is based on the use of two AES cores for simultaneous Tweak value calculation and block encoding/decoding operations. The implementation is efficient for burst mode of operation, decreasing by 25% the required time, exploiting pre-calculation of the tweak value. The overall performance satisfies the constraints for storage devices.
Semantic Interpretation of the Web without the Semantic Web: Toward Business-Aware Web Processors (2007)

In this paper, we describe a family of systems that we are developing to make systematic use of the Web in support of decision-makers. These systems, which we call business-aware web processors, use semantic representations but do not assume that these representations will come from the Semantic Web. We describe the relationship between our vision and the standard Semantic Web vision. We next present two prototype applications based on the approach that we have been developing to support decision-makers in two different contexts. We then describe the underlying technology platform we have been developing to support this family of applications, and the challenges we are confronting as we advance this research agenda.
Synthesis of trifluorovinyl perfluoroalkyl ketones (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of trifluorovinyl perfluoroalkyl ketonesBurton Carl AndersonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 3, 1016–1018Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01267a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01267a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views77Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Diagnostic Accuracy of Esophageal Capsule Endoscopy in Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Barrett's Esophagus: A Blinded, Prospective Study (2007)

Current diagnostic rates of ECE for BE are not yet accurate enough for application in clinical practice. An improvement in technology and learning curve assessments are required, until then standard upper endoscopy remains the gold standard.
Mesoporous Silica Supported Au and AuCu Nanoparticles for Surface Plasmon Driven Glycerol Oxidation (2015)

Herein, we report for the first time the visible-light-assisted rate enhancement for glycerol oxidation using direct plasmonic photocatalysis. Au nanoparticles were loaded on various mesoporous SiO2 supports, and the catalytic performance was investigated with and without visible-light illumination. Monodispersed mesoporous silica spheres loaded with Au nanoparticles demonstrated a superior photoassisted catalytic rate enhancement compared to Au loaded ordered mesoporous silica (SBA-15, KIT-6, and MCM-41). The enhancement is attributed to the particle size of the Au nanoparticles and better light interaction resulting from the small SiO2 domains. Au loaded monodispersed mesoporous silica spheres exhibit a constant and remarkably small particle diameter of 2 nm at Au loadings of up to 15 wt % as a result of the support’s small domain size and efficient pore confinement. The performance of the Au catalyst could be further improved by preparing bimetallic AuCu nanoparticles. Synergistic effects between Au and Cu improved the glycerol conversion by a factor of 2.5 and the dihydroxyacetone selectivity from 80% to 90% compared to monometallic Au catalysts.
Effect of hydrogen plasma treatment on transparent conducting oxides (1986)

The effect of hydrogen plasma treatment on indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), and indium-doped zinc oxide (IZO) films has been studied. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis shows that ITO and FTO surfaces get reduced to yield elemental indium and tin, respectively. Annealing of the plasma treated films in air leads to re-oxidation of the reduced surface and the electro-optical properties are recovered. In contrast, IZO films are not reduced by plasma treatment and show no changes in the electrical and optical properties. The surface of plasma treated IZO films shows a higher binding energy O(1s) peak probably due to OH or OH...O species which appear to form a protective layer against plasma degradation.