gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monoclonal antibodies and small-molecules as distinct subclasses of CCR5-targeted therapies for HIV-1 (2006)

The chemokine receptor CCR5 provides a portal of entry for HIV-1 and serves a target for potential new antiretroviral therapies. CCR5 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and small-molecule CCR5 antagonists potently block HIV-1 entry in vitro, and controlled clinical trials have provided initial proof-of-concept for this mode of therapy. PRO 140 is a humanized CCR5 mAb that broadly and potently blocks CCR5-mediated HIV-1 entry in preclinical settings, and this product has entered phase 1b testing in HIVinfected individuals. In this study, PRO 140 and smallmolecule CCR5 antagonists in development were compared in terms of patterns of viral resistance, synergistic interactions, competition for CCR5 binding, and related properties. In studies that examined forced viral resistance to CCR5 inhibitors in vitro, we observed limited or no viral cross-resistance between PRO 140 and small-molecule CCR5 antagonists. Potent antiviral synergy was observed between PRO 140 and small-molecule CCR5 antagonists in vitro. In contrast, modest synergy or additive effects were observed between PRO 140 and enfuvirtide and between different small-molecule CCR5 antagonists used in combination. Synergy between PRO 140 and small-molecule CCR5 antagonists was explained in part by their non-reciprocal patterns ofA competition for CCR5 binding. Additional studies indicate that PRO 140 may act as a competitive CCR5 inhibitor while the small-molecule CCR5 antagonists act via allosteric mechanisms. Collectively, the findings suggest that mAb and small-molecule CCR5 drugs may provide complementary HIV-1 treatment subclasses.
High Resolution Rocket EUV Solar Spectrograph (1973)

The design and performance of an Aerobee 150 rocket-borne solar spectrograph covering a wavelength range of 10-385 A are discussed. The spectrograph uses a gold-coated replica concave grating of 3-m radius with 1200 grooves/mm at an angle of incidence of 88 degrees . The spectra are recorded on glass photographic plates making possible wavelength determination to 0.003 A if known standard wavelengths occur frequently enough. Special attention to scattered light made possible the photographing of the solar spectrum from 60 A to 385 A without using filters to absorb the strong visible and uv sunlight, although the solar spectrum was also recorded through metal foil filters. In the laboratory the spectrograph has been used to record spectra of highly ionized metals with a resolution of 0.03 A or better.
A 3 kb sequence from the mouse cellular retinoic-acid-binding protein gene upstream region mediates spatial and temporal <i>LacZ</i> expression in transgenic mouse embryos (1991)

A 3233 base pair (bp) sequence of the 5'-flanking region of the mouse cellular retinoic-acid-binding protein (CRABP) gene is determined. From this region, a 3 kb fragment located 150 bp upstream from the transcriptional initiation site is isolated and fused to a LacZ reporter sequence. Transgenic mouse embryos of this fusion gene show spatially and temporally specific expression of LacZ protein and the expression of this fusion gene at the RNA level is confirmed by RNAase protection assays, which detect specific fusion transcripts in RNA samples from tissues of transgenic mouse embryos. In contrast, transgenic mouse embryos of a shorter fusion gene containing only 583 bp from the same upstream region of the mouse CRABP gene fused to the same reporter sequence show no LacZ activities. Thus, it is concluded that the 3 kb sequence, but not the 583 bp sequence, of the mouse CRABP gene contains information for its temporally and spatially specific expression in mouse embryos.
Low Temperature Superconducting RF MEMS Devices (2012)

A dc contact and a capacitive contact niobium-based superconducting radio frequency (RF) microelectro-mechanical systems switches are presented for the first time. The switches are amenable to integration with superconducting-micro-electronics technology. A comparison of the RF performance of the switches at room and cryogenic temperatures indicate a significant improvement in the insertion loss of the switch when niobium is superconducting. A niobium-based dc contact single-port-double-throw switch is designed, fabricated, and tested. Two types of switched capacitor banks are also designed each implementing one of the two types of the introduced switches. The measured results of the capacitor bank with capacitive contact switches show variation of the capacitance value from 0.4 to 0.94 pF. The measured results of the capacitor bank with dc contact switches show variation of the capacitance value from 0.2 to 1 pF at 4 K.
Accuracy of the DriveABLE cognitive assessment to determine cognitive fitness to drive. (2013)

The accuracy of the DriveABLE In-Office cognitive assessment was evaluated in the context of normal clinical referral processes, with a large sample of referrals during a 4-year period and from multiple sites. The high and stable accuracy rates provide the evidence physicians need to be confident in using the recommendations from the DriveABLE cognitive evaluation to assist them in making evidence-based decisions about their patients' ability to continue driving.
A dual-stage pwm dc to ac inverter with reduced harmonic distorsion and switching losses (2000)

In conventional pulse width modulated full bridge dc to ac inverters, all power devices are switched at high  frequency and are consequently subject to significant power losses. This paper presents a modified dc to ac  inverter topology where the high frequency switching is performed by a single device in a pre-converter stage,  while the bridge switches are controlled at the low frequency of the load voltage. The proposed inverter is shown to have smaller device losses and higher power transfer efficiency than commonly used control schemes, while producing a lower harmonic distortion in the ac output voltage. Keywords : Dc to ac inverter, Pulse Width Modulation
FUNGUS HOSTS OF APHELENCHUS AVENAE BASTIAN, 1865 AND BURSAPHELENCHUS FUNGIVORUS FRANKLIN & HOOPER, 1962 AND THEIR ATTRACTIVENESS TO THESE NEMATODE SPECIES (1964)

Aphelenchus avenae Bastian, 1865 and Bursaphelenchus fungivorus Franklin & Hooper, 1962 fed and reproduced on 54 and 56, respectively, of 59 fungus species. Both nematodes were attracted to most of the fungi, whether hosts or non-hosts. However, Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo repulsed A. avenae, and Agaricus hortensis Cooke had no effect. Aphelenchus avenae was more strongly attracted to Fusarium oxysporum lycopersici (Saccardo) Snyder & Hansen than to the roots of seedlings.
Isolation and characterization of functional domains of UvrA (1991)

The sequence of Escherichia coli UvrA protein suggests that it may fold into two functional domains each possessing DNA binding and ATPase activities. We have taken two approaches to physically isolate polypeptides corresponding to the two putative domains. First, a 180 base pair DNA segment encoding multiple collagenase recognition sequences was inserted into UvrA's putative interdomain hinge region. This UvrA derivative was purified and digested with collagenase, and the resulting 70-kDa N-terminal and 35-kDa C-terminal fragments were purified. Both fragments possessed nonspecific DNA binding activity, but only the N-terminal domain retained its nucleotide binding capacity as evidence by measurements of ATP hydrolysis and by ATP photo-cross-linking. Together, the two fragments failed to substitute for UvrA in reconstituting (A)BC excinuclease and, therefore, were presumed to be unable to load UvrB onto damaged DNA. Second, the DNA segments encoding the two domains were fused to the beta-galactosidase gene. The UvrA N-terminal domain-beta-galactosidase fusion protein was overproduced and purified. This fusion protein had ATPase activity, thus confirming that the amino-terminal domain does possess an intrinsic ATPase activity independent of any interaction with the carboxy terminus. Our results show that UvrA has two functional domains and that the specificity for binding to damaged DNA is provided by the proper three-dimensional orientation of one zinc finger motif relative to the other and is not an intrinsic property of an individual zinc finger domain.
Assisted Design of Antibody and Protein Therapeutics (ADAPT) (2017)

Effective biologic therapeutics require binding affinities that are fine-tuned to their disease-related molecular target. The ADAPT (Assisted Design of Antibody and Protein Therapeutics) platform aids in the selection of mutants that improve/modulate the affinity of antibodies and other biologics. It uses a consensus z-score from three scoring functions and interleaves computational predictions with experimental validation, significantly enhancing the robustness of the design and selection of mutants. The platform was tested on three antibody Fab-antigen systems that spanned a wide range of initial binding affinities: bH1-VEGF-A (44 nM), bH1-HER2 (3.6 nM) and Herceptin-HER2 (0.058 nM). Novel triple mutants were obtained that exhibited 104-, 46- and 32-fold improvements in binding affinity for each system, respectively. Moreover, for all three antibody-antigen systems over 90% of all the intermediate single and double mutants that were designed and tested showed higher affinities than the parent sequence. The contributions of the individual mutants to the change in binding affinity appear to be roughly additive when combined to form double and triple mutants. The new interactions introduced by the affinity-enhancing mutants included long-range electrostatics as well as short-range nonpolar interactions. This diversity in the types of new interactions formed by the mutants was reflected in SPR kinetics that showed that the enhancements in affinities arose from increasing on-rates, decreasing off-rates or a combination of the two effects, depending on the mutation. ADAPT is a very focused search of sequence space and required only 20-30 mutants for each system to be made and tested to achieve the affinity enhancements mentioned above.
Update on Alzheimer's Disease Therapy and Prevention Strategies (2017)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the primary cause of age-related dementia. Effective strategies to prevent and treat AD remain elusive despite major efforts to understand its basic biology and clinical pathophysiology. Significant investments in therapeutic drug discovery programs over the past two decades have yielded some important insights but no blockbuster drugs to alter the course of disease. Because significant memory loss and cognitive decline are associated with neuron death and loss of gray matter, especially in the frontal cortex and hippocampus, some focus in drug development has shifted to early prevention of cellular pathology. Although clinical trial design is challenging, due in part to a lack of robust biomarkers with predictive value, some optimism has come from the identification and study of inherited forms of early-onset AD and genetic risk factors that provide insights about molecular pathophysiology and potential drug targets. In addition, better understanding of the Aβ amyloid pathway and the tau pathway-leading to amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, respectively, which are histopathological hallmarks of AD-continues to drive significant drug research and development programs. The main focus of this review is to summarize the most recent basic biology, biochemistry, and pharmacology that serve as a foundation for more than 50 active advanced-phase clinical trials for AD prevention and therapy.
Definition of gazing point for picture analysis and its applications (1987)

Abstract The authors have been analyzing images by eye movement. For this purpose, it is necessary to decompose the eye movement into a component to accept information from a gazed object and a component to shift the gazing point. The point considered in the foregoing is called the gazing point, which is defined in this paper based on the property of the pursuit eye movement. Eye movement velocity of 5 deg/s is used as the threshold to separate the two components. As a result, it is made possible to separate clearly the eye movement into the gazing point component and the shift between the gazing point. A vision analyzer based on this definition of the gazing point was developed, which can analyze comprehensively the eye movement in real‐time. As an example of the application of the vision analyzer, the difference of the eye movement in watching the VDT image and the usual dynamic picture is analyzed. Furthermore, as an application to the analysis of art, an experiment was made as a reference material for the analysis of Sharaku's ukiyo‐e painting. The results of experiments are described, indicating that the definition of the gazing point is adequate.
Current Status and Prospect of Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (2008)

Most recent topics of EUVL are that AMD demonstrated first functional device using ADT in Albany to integrate SRAM cells in the full chip cell of Typhoon, and IMEC demonstrated functional 0.186 μm2 32 nm node SRAM cells with extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) on the contact-hole level. The recent topics and prospect for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithographic technology are described of the exposure tools, EUV source, mask inspection, and resist development. EUVL source technology has been advanced in these three years to increase the power and to extend the beam stability. For the mask, defect inspection system development was advanced by a several institute to detect the defect to find the threshold condition of printable and non-printable. As for a resist, the resolution and sensitivity were refined to become close to satisfy the required specification for 32-nm node. However LWR has not been satisfied the specification yet. Furthermore, since EUVL will be pushed for 22-nm node and it should be use until 11 nm node in the ITRS, EUVL technology has to be ready around 2012 to transfer to the pilot line. For 22-nm node, the resist has not been satisfied yet. Thus it needs large steps to develop the resist material and process for 22-nm node and below down to 16-nm node in EUVL.
Garlic Chemistry: Chemical and Biological Properties of Sulfur-Containing Compounds Derived from Garlic (2003)

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is rich in biologically active organosulfur compounds. Although intact garlic cloves contain a limited number of organosulfur compounds, such as alliin, methiin and γ-glutamyl-S-alk(en)yl-cysteines, processing initiates a cascade of chemical transformation reactions. Allicin is one of the well-known transformation compound, however, it is highly unstable and reactive, and quickly decomposes into other organosulfur compounds including alk(en)ly-polysulfides, ajoenes and vinyldithiins. Thus, allicin is a transient compound and likely only its transformation compounds contribute to the health benefits of garlic. Recently, biological activities of water-soluble organosulfur compounds derived from garlic, such as S-allyl-L-cysteine and S-allylmercapto-L-cysteine, have become the center of attention because they are stable, odorless and safe. Studies on structure-activity relationships have revealed that the S-allyl group plays an important role in the pharmacological activities of organosulfur compounds derived from garlic. Further, consumption of garlic shows feasibility to prevent cancer and affect immunomodulation or enhancement of the immune systems.
MODEL TESTS OF A SURFACE-WAVE TRANSMISSION LINE FOR LONG DISTANCE COMMUNICATION, (1955)

It appears entirely possible to construct a Surface-Wave Transmission Line (SWTL) for long distance transmission with 100 Mc or more bandwidth having an average loss of 3 to 5 db per mile. For instance, if the conductor diameter is 0.4 inch and the outer diameter of the line 1 inch, and if the dielectric layer consists of natural polyethylene with a light protecting coat, the calculated loss is 2.2 db/mile at 100 Mc/s and 3.4 db/mile at 200 Mc/s. The actual loss will be about 10% higher due to imperfections of the conductor surface which are always present. If the supporting loss is 0.5 db/mile then the loss of a straight line section will be about 3 db/mile at 100 Mc/s and 4.2 db/mile at 200 Mc/s. At these frequencies the line is not affected by rain. Dry snow and thin layers of ice have little effect on the transmission loss. Therefore such a line should be applicable in areas where severe icing conditions occur rarely or not at all.
Synthesis of (.+-.)-lasubine I and II, and (.+-.)-subcosine I (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of (.+-.)-lasubine I and II, and (.+-.)-subcosine IHideo Iida, Masao Tanaka, and Chihiro KibayashiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 11, 1909–1912Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00185a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00185a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views361Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
In situ film transmittance using the plasma as light source: a case study of thin silicon film deposition in the microcrystalline growth regime (2007)

In-situ film transmittance using the plasma as light source is introduced as a novel in-situ real-time deposition rate and film thickness monitor. It also enables the estimation of the absorption coefficient at short wavelengths. In the experimental setup the light emitted by the plasma passes through a growing thin silicon film on a transparent substrate and is detected by a simple optical emission spectrometer. From the interference fringes the\ndeposition rate is determined in-situ with high accuracy and on the basis of film absorption the transition from microcrystalline- to amorphous silicon is mapped. Results are corroborated by ex-situ thickness measurements, and solar cell analyses
A simulated annealing approach to job shop scheduling using critical block transition operators (2002)

The job shop scheduling problem is one of the most difficult NP hard combinatorial optimization problems. This research investigates finding optimal and near optimal schedules using simulated annealing and a schedule permutation procedure. New schedules are generated by permuting operations within existing schedules. Simulated annealing probabilistically chooses one of the new schedules and probabilistically accepts or rejects it, allowing importance sampling search over the job shop schedule space. The initial and (minimum) final temperatures are adaptively determined a priori, and a reintensification strategy that improves the search by resetting the current temperature and state. Experimental results show this simple and flexible method can find near optimal schedules and often outperforms previous SA approaches.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Noxious gas exposure in the outback: Two cases of hydrogen sulfide toxicity (2001)

Two cases of toxicity from industrial exposure to hydrogen sulfide are presented. Both patients had neurological effects with loss of consciousness and amnesia along with respiratory symptoms and signs. Both were treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy in addition to standard resuscitative techniques with rapid improvement. Sodium nitrite and hyperbaric oxygen therapy are suggested specific treatments. The literature and the two case reports support the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the treatment of acute hydrogen sulfide toxicity. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has also been reported to have a role in the prevention of both short- and long-term neurological toxicity.
Novel Materials for Large Change in Refractive Index:  Synthesis and Photochemical Reaction of the Ladderlike Poly(silsesquioxane) Containing Norbornadiene, Azobenzene, and Anthracene Groups in the Side Chains (2006)

We succeeded in the synthesis of certain poly(silsesquioxane)s (poly(SCC)) with excellent refractive indices properties, which have pendant norbornadiene (NBD), azobenzene (AZ), and anthracene (AT) moieties. The photochemical reactions of the obtained poly(SCC) derivatives were examined in the film state upon UV irradiation, and it was found that poly(SCC) derivatives with NBD groups, AZ groups, and AT groups had large change in values of the refractive index (ΔnD's) before and after photoirradiation which were in the range of 0.050−0.073, 0.007−0.009, and 0.094−0.116, respectively.
Organic chemistry–homocyclic division (1905)

J. B. Cohen, Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem., 1905, 2, 101 DOI: 10.1039/AR9050200101
Access meditation in a message passing kernel (2003)

The authors describe how mandatory and discretionary access mediation are performed in the trusted mach (TMach) kernel, a system that uses message passing as its primary means of communication both between tasks and with the kernel. As a consequence, control of interprocess communication in the TMach kernel is a central concern whereas controlled sharing of segments is the central focus in trusted systems with more traditional architectures. The TMach kernel is not a complete trusted system. It is a reference monitor of basic system abstractions, providing a small, well-controlled base on which the rest of a trusted computing base and operating system can be constructed. The TMach kernel provides simple and elegant mandatory access control for port access rights. The TMach kernel's MAC (mandatory access control) mechanisms clearly control the flow of information according to a mandatory security policy based on a Bell and La Padula model. DAC (discretionary access control) mechanisms are provided in the TMach kernel to implement TCSEC (trusted computer system evaluation criteria) requirements and to support DAC in servers to be built on the kernel.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Tight error bounds for asynchronous multicarrier CDMA and their application (1998)

Upper and lower bounds on the average bit error rate for binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), asynchronous multicarrier (MC)-CDMA communications using coherent detection are derived. The bounds can be made very tight by adjusting a parameter in the computation and this is demonstrated by numerical examples. Based on the derived bounds it is shown by numerical examples that the performance of asynchronous MC-CDMA using Zadoff-Chu sequences is better than that using Walsh codes.
Gas6/Axl pathway is activated in chronic liver disease and its targeting reduces fibrosis via hepatic stellate cell inactivation (2015)

The Gas6/Axl axis is required for full HSC activation. Gas6 and Axl serum levels increase in parallel to chronic liver disease progression. Axl targeting may be a therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis management.