gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulo 2n &#x00B1; 1 Fused Add-Multiply Units (2015)

Complex arithmetic operations are widely used in Digital Signal Processing (DSP) applications. Targeting to increase performance, in this work, we focus on optimizing the design of the modulo 2n ± 1 Add-Multiply (AM) operation. The proposed modulo 2n ± 1 fused AM units incorporate an initial row of Half Adders which carry out the requested addition of two specified operands resulting to an intermediate Delayed Carry representation of their sum. The Delayed Carry represented vectors are then multiplied by the specified multiplicand and the partial products are driven to OR logic gates in pairs. Using the appropriate Carry-Save (CS) Adder trees, the resulting n-bit operands are reduced to a pair of CS vectors, which are finally added by a modulo 2n -- 1 or a modulo 2n + 1 adder. Compared to the conventional designs of first instantiating a modulo 2n ± 1 adder and then, driving its output to a modulo 2n ± 1 multiplier, the proposed fused AM designs yield considerable reductions in terms of critical delay, area complexity and power consumption.
rRNA Transcription in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2004)

Ribosomal RNA transcription is the rate-limiting step in ribosome synthesis in bacteria and has been investigated intensely for over half a century. Multiple mechanisms ensure that rRNA synthesis rates are appropriate for the cell's particular growth condition. Recently, important advances have been made in our understanding of rRNA transcription initiation in Escherichia coli. These include (a) a model at the atomic level of the network of protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions that recruit RNA polymerase to rRNA promoters, accounting for their extraordinary strength; (b) discovery of the nonredundant roles of two small molecule effectors, ppGpp and the initiating NTP, in regulation of rRNA transcription initiation; and (c) identification of a new component of the transcription machinery, DksA, that is absolutely required for regulation of rRNA promoter activity. Together, these advances provide clues important for our molecular understanding not only of rRNA transcription, but also of transcription in general.
JOINT calibration and motion estimation in weight-bearing cone-beam CT of the knee joint using fiducial markers (2017)

Recently, C-arm cone-beam CT systems have been used to acquire knee joints under weight-bearing conditions. For this purpose, the C-arm acquires images on a horizontal trajectory around the standing patient, who shows involuntary motion. The current state-of-the-art reconstruction approach estimates motion based on fiducial markers attached to the knee. A drawback is that this method requires calibration prior to each scan, since the horizontal trajectory is not reproducible. In this work, we propose a novel method, which does not need a calibration scan. For comparison, we extended the state-of-the-art method with an iterative scheme and we further introduce a closed-form solution of the compensated projection matrices. For evaluation, a numerical phantom and clinical data are used. The novel approach and the extended state-of-the-art method achieve a reduction of the reprojection error of 94% for the phantom data. The improvement for the clinical data ranged between 10% and 80%, which is followed by the visual impression. Therefore, the novel approach and the extended state-of-the-art method achieve superior results compared to the state-of-the-art method.
The chemistry of polymerized oils. VI. The molecular weight distribution of thermally polymerized oils (1956)

Summary Flory’s polymerization theory can be applied to polymerized oils, provided that the different acids are randomly esterified with the alcohol groups of glycerol. This state is attained when the oils are heated at 300°C. for long periods. The calculated amounts of monomeric triglycerides in polymerized linseed oils are compared with experimental results, and calculated and measured weight average molecular weights are also compared.
Evidence for a Bidirectional Element Located Downstream from the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Latency-Associated Promoter That Increases Its Activity during Latency (2000)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latent infection in vivo is characterized by the constitutive expression of the latency-associated transcripts (LAT), which originate from the LAT promoter (LAP). In an attempt to determine the functional parts of LAP, we previously demonstrated that viruses harboring a DNA fragment 3' of the LAT promoter itself were able to maintain detectable promoter expression throughout latency whereas viruses not containing this element could not (J. R. Lokensgard, H. Berthomme, and L. T. Feldman, J. Virol. 71:6714-6719, 1997). This element was therefore called a long-term expression element (LTE). To further study the role of the LTE, we constructed plasmids containing a DNA fragment encompassing the LTE inserted into a synthetic intron between the reporter lacZ gene and either the LAT or the HSV-1 thymidine kinase promoter. Transient-expression experiments with both neuronal and nonneuronal cell lines showed that the LTE locus has an enhancer activity that does not activate the cytomegalovirus enhancer but does activate the promoters such as the LAT promoter and the thymidine kinase promoter. The enhancement of these two promoters occurs in both neuronal and nonneuronal cell lines. Recombinant viruses containing enhancer constructs were constructed, and these demonstrated that the enhancer functioned when present in the context of the viral DNA, both for in vitro infections of cells in culture and for in vivo infections of neurons in mouse dorsal root ganglia. In the infections of mouse dorsal root ganglia, there was a very high level of promoter activity in neurons infected with viruses bearing the LAT promoter-enhancer, but this decreased after the first 2 or 3 weeks. By 18 days postinfection, neurons harboring latent virus without the enhancer showed no beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) staining whereas those harboring latent virus containing the enhancer continued to show beta-gal staining for long periods, extending to at least 6 months postinfection, the longest time examined.
Dynamic Adaptation of Projected Imperceptible Codes (2007)

In this paper we present an innovative adaptive imperceptible pattern projection technique that takes into account parameters of human visual perception. A coded image is temporally integrated into the projected image, which is invisible to the human eye but can be reconstructed by a synchronized camera. The embedded code is dynamically adjusted on the fly to guarantee its imperceptibility and to adapt it to the current camera pose. Linked with real-time flash keying, for instance, this enables in-shot optical tracking using a dynamic multi-resolution marker technique. A sample prototype has been realized that demonstrates the application of our method in the context of augmentations in television studios.
Correlation between genetic map and map of cleavage sites for sequence-specific endonucleases SalI, KpnI, BglI, and BamHI in bacteriophage T4 cytosine-containing DNA (1980)

Cleavage sites for SalI, KpnI, BglI, and BamHI in cytosine-containing DNA from T4 alc10(alc) nd28(denA) D2a2(denB) amE51x5(56) amN55x5(42) have been mapped relative to each other, and the positions of deletions sa delta 9 (D1-stp), r1589(rII), del(39-56)12, and tk2(rI-tk) relative to these cleavage sites have been determined. Based on these analyses, a physical map of the T4 genome containing 166 kilobase pairs has been constructed.
Oesophageal temperature monitoring and incidence of oesophageal lesions after pulmonary vein isolation using a remote robotic navigation system (2010)

In patients undergoing PVI using the RNS, the incidence of EL is 14.3% when using power settings comparable to settings used in manual ablation. Patients with lower BMI (<26) are at higher risk for EL.
High Performance and High Capacity Hybrid Shingled-Recording Disk System (2012)

Areal density scaling in magnetic hard drives isin jeopardy as magnetic particles become unstable when they are sufficiently small. Shingled recording holds great promise to mitigate the problem of density scaling cost-effectively by overlapping data tracks. However, this innovative technology suffers severely from slow small writes. This prevents shingle recording from being widely adapted in practice. This paper presents a new hybrid storage architecture that combines a shingled-recording magnetic disk and a fast SSD cache to achieve a high-capacity storage system without any compromise to performance. We propose a new wave-like shingled recording that overlaps adjacent tracks from two opposite radial directions. This new schemes doubles the areal density of conventional circular log-based shingled recording. We also design a new replacement strategy to manage the hybrid system to effectively eliminate the performance degradation. We evaluate our design based on a prototype implementation. Experimental results under 12 I/O workloads show that our hybrid system exhibits a sustained performance comparable to a disk with no shingled-recording.
Phase transition in PbZrO<sub>3</sub>-PbTiO<sub>3</sub>-Pb(Zn<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>system (1989)

Abstract Perovskite solid solution ceramics PZT-Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 with the phase boundary between ferro-and antiferroelectrics are prepared. By addition of Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 to PZT, an extension of ferroelectric region in phase diagram and a phase transition between FR(LT) and FR(HT) accompanied a pyroelectric coefficient of 289 nC/cm2K at room temperature was observed. For the ceramics with the composition near the phase boundary, an electrical field induced phase transition has been measured.
Precoding design using interference alignment for the network MIMO (2009)

In this paper, an interference alignment system for the MIMO network is investigated. Three different precoding schemes, which are based on zero-forcing (ZF), minimum mean square error (MMSE) and maximum SLR criteria, are proposed. The simulation results show that the proposed precoding schemes are very efficient and can provide good performance for the considered MIMO network.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Property of Boron-Doped Mesoporous Carbon in Supercapacitor (2008)

Mesoporous carbon with homogeneous boron dopant was prepared by co-impregnation and carbonization of sucrose and boric acid confined in mesopores of SBA-15 silica template. Low-level boron doping shows catalytic effect on oxygen chemisorption at edge planes and alters electronic structure of space charge layer of doped mesoporous carbon. These characteristics are responsible for substantial improvement of interfacial capacitance by 1.5−1.6 times higher in boron-doped carbon than that in boron-free carbon with alkaline electrolyte (6 M KOH) and/or acid electrolyte (1 M H2SO4). This finding should be very useful for developing new doped carbon electrode materials for supercapacitors.
A Multiple-Compartment Ion-Transport-Membrane Reactive Oxygen Separator (2012)

Oxy-combustion using an integrated oxygen ion-transport membrane (ITM) could substantially improve the thermodynamic performance of power plants with carbon capture and sequestration (CCS). In a reactive ITM, fuel is burned inside the unit to enhance the oxygen partial pressure driving force, thus reducing the reactor membrane material required, compared to nonreactive ITM applications. The multiple-compartment reactive ion-transport membrane (MCRI) concept proposed herein mitigates key drawbacks of the reactive ITM and improves the performance by dividing the overall ITM into stages with individual input streams in a serial arrangement. This arrangement enables more-effective thermal management of the ITM and, thus, higher average oxygen permeation flux. Consequently, the pressure drop and size (volume/surface area) are significantly reduced, compared to conventional reactive ITM designs. The MCRI is modeled and simulated in ASPEN Plus, using multiple instances of an intermediate-fidelity ITM model that captures all relevant physical processes. The simulation results indicate that a power cycle using an integrated MCRI could significantly improve the economic viability of oxy-combustion CCS power plants.
Implications for prevention drawn from the Birmingham Untreated Heavy Drinkers Project (2001)

Background : Greater understanding of untreated heavy drinking is required to provide the basis for the development of effective procedures to initiate positive change and prevent drinking-related harms. The Birmingham Untreated Heavy Drinkers Project sought to meet this need by investigating a cohort of 500 untreated heavy (at or above 50 UK units per week if male and 35 UK units per week if female) drinkers recruited from the West Midlands community, at two-year intervals over a ten-year period. Design : A two-hour confidential interview containing structured and open-ended components was used to collect data for Wave One ( n = 500) during 1997 and Wave Two ( n = 403) during 1999. Assessments : Last week's and last 12 month's drinking, Leeds dependence questionnaire, readiness to change, SF36 health questionnaire, social risks and health, criminal justice and social service usage. Findings : Intra sample analysis according to drinking style found overall consumption to be a stronger indicator of risks and harms to individual health; but a heavy sessional style of drinking was found to be more strongly associated with greater use of Accident and Emergency services, criminal justice service usage and an increased likelihood of experiencing a violent incident or fight. These findings provide a basis for identification of sub-groups at greatest risk for different alcohol-related harms and for the assessment of the unique needs of certain sub-groups, both of which are important stages in the design of effective prevention measures.
Modular Architecture of Metabolic Pathways Revealed by Conserved Sequences of Reactions (2013)

The metabolic network is both a network of chemical reactions and a network of enzymes that catalyze reactions. Toward better understanding of this duality in the evolution of the metabolic network, we developed a method to extract conserved sequences of reactions called reaction modules from the analysis of chemical compound structure transformation patterns in all known metabolic pathways stored in the KEGG PATHWAY database. The extracted reaction modules are repeatedly used as if they are building blocks of the metabolic network and contain chemical logic of organic reactions. Furthermore, the reaction modules often correspond to traditional pathway modules defined as sets of enzymes in the KEGG MODULE database and sometimes to operon-like gene clusters in prokaryotic genomes. We identified well-conserved, possibly ancient, reaction modules involving 2-oxocarboxylic acids. The chain extension module that appears as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) reaction sequence in the TCA cycle is now shown to be used in other pathways together with different types of modification modules. We also identified reaction modules and their connection patterns for aromatic ring cleavages in microbial biodegradation pathways, which are most characteristic in terms of both distinct reaction sequences and distinct gene clusters. The modular architecture of biodegradation modules will have a potential for predicting degradation pathways of xenobiotic compounds. The collection of these and many other reaction modules is made available as part of the KEGG database.
The Importance of High Aesthetic Quality Potable Water in Tourist and Recreational Areas (1989)

Tourists have high expectations of the living standards in tourist and recreational areas and are usually less tolerant of substandard services than are local residents. One of the most obvious services experienced by tourists is the drinking water quality. Whereas the microbiological quality of drinking water is usually well controlled with respect to public health risk, many communities experience problems with the aesthetic quality of their water supplies. Such problems include colour and turbidity, taste and odour, and overchlorination. In areas where raw water sources contain manganese and iron it is essential that these nuisance metals are treated out to low levels. Failure to do so results in the accumulation of metal oxides in biofilm or chemical coatings on the surfaces of water mains. When this material sloughs off, consumers receive “dirty water” which causes irreversible staining of laundry and recreational facilities such as swimming pools. Communities which rely on tourism as their major industry must pay serious attention to the treatment of their potable water or face the economic consequences of having a poor reputation. Current research on the relationship between manganese concentration and consumer acceptability has indicated that WHO and NHMRC recommended levels for manganese in drinking water are not sufficiently low to meet the high aesthetic quality requirements of water in tourist and recreational areas.
Millimeter-wave silicon-on-glass integrated technology (2014)

A new Silicon-on-Glass (SOG) technology for millimeter-wave (mmW) /Terahertz (THz) integrated circuits is presented. The main characteristics and advantages of the proposed technology are discussed and compared with the state of the art. Novel mmW high-performance phase shifter and 3-dB in-phase power divider, implemented in the proposed low-loss and low-cost integrated technology platform, are presented. The total average loss of the divider is less than 0.4 dB over 150-220 GHz band. The phase shifter produces a large phase shift of 82° (measured) and an insertion loss variation of less than 0.8 dB at 110 GHz.
Peer-to-Peer Knowledge Sharing in Collaboration Supported VirtualLearning Communities (2006)

In this paper, we apply peer-to-peer and instant messenger for the augmentation of knowledge sharing in collaboration supported virtual learning communities. We enhance current peer-to-peer and instant messenger with content quality control and social network to further improve content discovery and group discussion. Content found by peer-to-peer is referred to accessible explicit knowledge, while the discussion and interaction details recorded in instant messenger is referred to tacit knowledge. Results of this study demonstrate that with our enhanced mechanism, it can help learners find relevant content as well as knowledgeable collaborators who are willing to share their knowledge
Mind Your Blocks: On the Stealthiness of Malicious BGP Hijacks (2015)

Author(s): Pierre-Antoine Vervier, Olivier Thonnard, Marc Dacier Download: Paper (PDF) Date: 7 Feb 2015 Document Type: Briefing Papers Additional Documents: Slides Associated Event: NDSS Symposium 2015 Abstract: Some recent research presented evidence of blocks of IP addresses being stolen by BGP hijackers to launch spam campaigns [Ramachandran:SIGCOMM:2006]. This was the first time BGP hijacks were … Continued
Impaired expression and function of signal-transducing zeta chains in peripheral T cells and natural killer cells in patients with prostate cancer (1998)

Detection of functional, circulating T cells and NK cells may serve as a clinical test for the selection of individuals who can benefit from immunotherapy. Incidence of the T-cell receptor zeta (TCRdelta) chain within these populations appears to correlate with adequate effector cell function. In patients with advanced malignancy, the absence or reduced expression of delta chain has been documented. Flow cytometric analysis in the present study revealed a significant reduction in delta chain expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of 14 of 22 prostate cancer patients (P < 0.000001) as compared to normal donors, apparent in both T cells (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+), and NK (CD16+) cells. Compared to normal donor PBL, patient PBL cultured in the presence of CD3 and CD28, also demonstrated reduced expression of CD69 and/or CD25, and in some cases, failed to activate at all. Furthermore, evidence of cell proliferation in activation-stimulated patient PBL was muted: average PCNA positivity equaled 14%, a marked difference from what was observed in normal donors (P < 0.0002). In 8 of 16 samples of PBL, where delta expression was originally low, delta levels returned to the normal range after 48 hour culture in serum-free medium, suggesting that the loss of delta is reversible and may be caused by a tumor-derived substance. These data support the premise that monitoring the expression of delta in a cancer patient may provide a unique insight into the immune status and functionality of the individual, with the potential to redirect or augment therapies and ultimately alter prognosis.
The Lactic Acid Bacterium Pediococcus acidilactici Suppresses Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Inducing IL-10-Producing Regulatory T Cells (2011)

An orally administered single strain of P. acidilactici R037 ameliorates EAE by inducing IL10-producing Tr1 cells. Our findings indicate the therapeutic potential of the oral administration of R037 for treating multiple sclerosis.
Suppression of synchronization errors in OFDM based carrier aggregation system (2010)

OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) has been chosen as the air interface technique for LTE (Long Term Evolution) standard. Furthermore, CA (Carrier Aggregation) is defined by 3GPP (the 3rd Generation Partnership Project) to support wide-bandwidth transmission. However, OFDM system is sensitive to synchronization errors generated by multipath delay, Doppler shift and oscillator instability. In this paper, we address the synchronization problem in non-continuous CA scenario and propose a block type pilot based synchronization algorithm to suppress the STO (Sampling Timing Offset) and CFO (Carrier Frequency Offset). The pilot pattern used here is CAZAC (Constant Amplitude Zero Autocorrelation) sequence, which is also exploited in LTE-Advanced standard. Since the proposed method is a parallel processing, different bands could experience different synchronization errors. Simulation results show the proposed method can significantly improve system performance and has smooth performance when synchronization errors vary.
Involvement of SNAP-23 and syntaxin 6 in human neutrophil exocytosis (2000)

To understand the molecular basis of exocytosis in human neutrophils, the role of syntaxin 6 and SNAP-23 in neutrophil degranulation was examined. Human syntaxin 6 was cloned and identified as a 255-amino acid protein with a carboxy-terminal transmembrane region and two coiled-coil domains. Syntaxin 6 was localized mainly in the plasma membrane of human resting neutrophils, whereas SNAP-23 was located primarily in the mobilizable tertiary and specific granules. SNAP-23 was translocated to the cell surface, colocalizing with syntaxin 6, on neutrophil activation. In vitro binding studies established that SNAP-23 binds to syntaxin 6. Coimmunoprecipitation assays indicated that SNAP-23 interacts with syntaxin 6 in vivo, and this interaction was dramatically increased on neutrophil activation. Antibodies against SNAP-23 inhibited Ca(++) and GTP-gamma-S-induced exocytosis of CD67-enriched specific granules, but they hardly affected exocytosis of the CD63-enriched azurophilic granules, when introduced into electropermeabilized neutrophils. Anti-syntaxin 6 antibodies prevented exocytosis of both CD67- and CD63-enriched granules in electropermeabilized neutrophils. These data show that syntaxin 6 and SNAP-23 are involved in human neutrophil exocytosis, demonstrating that vesicle SNAP receptor-target SNAP receptor (v-SNARE- t-SNARE) interactions modulate neutrophil secretion. Syntaxin 6 acts as a target for secretion of specific and azurophilic granules, whereas SNAP-23 mediates specific granule secretion.
Short‐term prophylaxis in hereditary angioedema due to deficiency of the <scp>C</scp>1‐inhibitor – a long‐term survey (2012)

STP reduces the number of postprocedural edematous episodes. C1-INH concentrate is safe and effective for prophylaxis. When this agent is not available, danazol is a potential alternative for prophylaxis before elective medical interventions.