gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
International Monetary Fund, International Capital Markets: Developments, Prospects and Policy Issues (1995)

Controversial.No word in the English language better describes the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) recent edition of its yearly International Capital Markets survey of the world economy and finance.Nearly nine months after the Mexican peso began its slide, the IMF's Research Department has issued this report concluding that the devaluation of the peso was not precipitated by foreign investors, but residents of Mexico.According to the data which the IMF has accumulated since the initial downfall of the peso in December 1994, "the pressure on Mexico's foreign exchange reserves in the run-up to the devaluation came primarily from residents rather than foreign investors selling their holdings of Mexican securities" The IMF report states:
Alternative built-in self-test (BIST) structures for analogue circuit fault diagnosis (1991)

To increase the number of test points, while still keeping low pin overhead, an alternative built-in self-test (BIST) structure using current copiers is presented. The BIST structure allows simultaneous sampling of either voltage or current test data at various test points and shifting the data for fault diagnosis and testing.
Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase: A Two-Layered, Square-Shaped Molecule of Symmetry 422 (1977)

Electron micrographs and x-ray diffraction patterns of crystals of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase, probably the most abundant protein on earth, have provided new details of the arrangement of subunits. The eight large subunits and eight small subunits are clustered in two layers, perpendicular to a fourfold axis of symmetry. Viewed down the fourfold axis, the molecule is square-shaped.
HIGH CRITICAL CURRENT DENSITY IN NEUTRON-IRRADIATED BULK <font>YBa</font><sub>2</sub><font>Cu</font><sub>3</sub><font>O</font><sub>7</sub> (1990)

Bulk melt-textured YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 irradiated by fast neutrons has been investigated. We observed: (1) a critical current density (J c ) determined magnetically at 77 K exceeds 5×10 5 A/cm 2 in 0.1 T, 2×10 5 A/cm 2 in 1 T, and 1.2×10 3 A/cm 2 in 5.0 T; (2) at 5 K, J c is >2.1×10 7 A/cm 2 in 0.5 T, ~1.8×10 7 A/cm 2 at 1 T and >8×10 6 A/cm 2 in 5.0 T and (3) the J c -anisotropy decreases rapidly with the external field (H), e.g. at 77 K, it becomes 1 at ~4.8 T with J c ~3×10 3 A/cm 2 . We also found that (1) such a J c -enhancement is most effective in low H but less so in high H, (2) the enhancement is temperature independent at low H, (3) the pinning potential remains unchanged to within ~10% as J c varies by a factor of 15, and (4) thermal annealing up to 600°C recovers the un-irradiated state. These results and their implications are presented and discussed.
Release of Leukotrienes, Prostaglandins, and Histamine into Nasal Secretions of Aspirin-sensitive Asthmatics during Reaction to Aspirin (1988)

The levels of leukotriene C4 (LTC4), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and histamine were measured in nasal lavage fluids obtained from aspirin-sensitive, desensitized aspirin-sensitive, and aspirin-insensitive asthmatics and normal volunteers before and after ingestion of aspirin. Increased levels of LTC4 and histamine were associated with significant decreases in the FEV1 for 3 of 4 aspirin-sensitive asthmatics who had both naso-ocular and bronchospastic reactions to aspirin. In contrast, no increase in LTC4 or histamine release was detected in aspirin-sensitive asthmatics who had only bronchospastic reactions to aspirin. No significant decreases in PGE2 levels or increases in LTB4 levels were detected during these reactions to relatively low doses of aspirin regardless of the clinical symptoms, nor was any increase in mediator release apparent in lavage fluids from normal donors, aspirin-insensitive asthmatics, and desensitized aspirin-sensitive subjects before or after various doses of aspirin. Levels of PGE2 decreased in nasal secretions from normal volunteers, aspirin-insensitive asthmatics, and desensitized aspirin-sensitive subjects after ingestion of 650 mg of aspirin. These decreases were not associated with increased LTC4 or LTB4 or with histamine release, decreased FEV1, or naso-ocular symptoms. In addition, reductions of PGE2 release were similar for normal and desensitized aspirin-sensitive volunteers (63 +/- 11 versus 61 +/- 10%, respectively). The data demonstrate that LTC4 and histamine are released into nasal secretions of aspirin-sensitive asthmatics with naso-ocular and bronchospastic reactions after ingestion of low doses of aspirin without a decrease in the levels of PGE2 and suggest that LTC4 and histamine contribute to the naso-ocular and bronchospastic symptoms characteristic of reactions to aspirin.
Resonance Energy Transfer between Green Fluorescent Protein Variants:  Complexities Revealed with Myosin Fusion Proteins (2006)

Green fluorescent protein and its variants are frequently used as Förster (fluorescence) resonance energy transfer (FRET) pairs to determine the proximity of protein domains. We prepared fusion proteins comprising yellow fluorescent protein-Dictyostelium myosin II motor domain-cyan fluorescent protein (YFP-myosin-CFP) and compared their FRET properties with an existing construct (GFP-myosin-BFP), containing a green fluorescent protein acceptor and blue fluorescent protein donor [Suzuki, Y., Yasunaga, T., Ohkura, R., Wakabayashi, T. and Sutoh, K. (1998) Nature 396, 380-383]. The latter construct showed an apparent 40% reduction in acceptor fluorescence on ATP addition, when excited via the donor, compared with the YFP-myosin-CFP constructs which showed a small increase (<or=5%). We propose that this disparity primarily arises from the differential response of GFP and YFP on intramolecular association with the donor probe. Studies with isolated GFP and YFP at high concentrations show that they dimerize with similar K(d) values but the spectrum shifts toward the protonated state only with GFP. On excitation at 380 nm, the protonated GFPH emits at 510 nm via excited-state proton transfer, giving the appearance of extensive FRET. These findings have important implications for FRET measurements using GFP-type probes because they give rise to changes in donor and acceptor emission ratios through processes other than FRET and complicate the extraction of the true degree of energy transfer from experimental data. Furthermore, the unknown orientation factor prevents the distance of the lever arm swing from being derived from these FRET changes.
In Vitro Activity of OPT-80 against <i>Clostridium difficile</i> (2004)

Clostridium difficile remains the major cause of nosocomial diarrhea. Reports on impaired susceptibility of C. difficile to metronidazole and vancomycin and frequent relapses of patients after therapy necessitate the search for new substances. With this study, the activity of OPT-80, a new macrocycle, against 207 C. difficile strains and against other obligately anaerobic bacteria was tested. OPT-80 showed high in vitro activity against all C. difficile strains tested.
Horizontal Spatial Prediction for High Dimension Intra Coding (2010)

Macroblock level Horizontal Spatial Prediction(HSP) based intra frame coding scheme for High Dimension(HD) video sequences was proposed in this paper. According to the correlation experiment on HD sequences, most HD pictures have the stronger horizontal spatial correlation than the vertical spatial correlation, about 2dB stronger. This phenomena drop a valuable hint to us that the horizontal spatial prediction can be used in HD video intra coding without considering the vertical spatial prediction. An adaptive divide and predict intra frame coding scheme has been proposed by Piao which has the similar idea. But this method divided the whole picture into several parts which is not conform to the conventional macroblock based video coding framework and it has the high computation complexity in motion estimation procedure.
Into the Gulf (2008)

Abstract This chapter examines issues related to the Iran–Iraq War from 1980 to 1988. This conflict was led by Ayatullah Ruhullah Khumayni of Iran and Saddam Hussein al Tikriti of Iraq, which eventually led to a stalemate when both parties accepted a United Nations resolution to cease fighting. Saddam survived this war and two others, the American-led attack of 1991, and the American-led invasion of 2003, before being caught in December 2003.
Antagonistic activity in vitro and in vivo exerted by a Lactobacillus casei (strain GG) against Salmonella typhimurium C5 infection (1996)

National audience
Hydrogen and Amine Activation by a Frustrated Lewis Pair of a Bulky N‐Heterocyclic Carbene and B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (2008)

Size matters: The frustrated Lewis pair derived from B(C6F5)3 and the sterically encumbered N-heterocyclic carbene N,N′-tBu2C3H2N2 (1) cleaves dihydrogen heterolytically to give a imidazolium borate (see scheme, left), and cleaves amine NH bonds to form aminoborate salts (right) or aminoboranes.
ECU Software Updating in Future Vehicle Networks (2017)

Electronic control units (ECUs) of in-vehicle systems are being designed to handle an increasing number of functions. However, malfunctions may occur when an in-vehicle system is upgraded. Moreover, because they are visible to hackers, connected vehicles are becoming the object of cyberattacks. Therefore, the necessity of updating ECU software is increasing. Car owners cannot use their cars during the update process. Therefore, reducing updating time is important. In this paper, we propose a method that reduces updating time by dividing the update data. During simulations, we found that the proposed method can slightly reduce updating time.
How history justifies system architecture (or not) (2004)

The revision history of a software system conveys important information about how and why the system evolved in time. The revision history can also tell us which parts of the system are coupled by common changes: "whenever the database schema was changed, the sqlquery() method was altered, too." This "evolutionary" coupling can be compared with the coupling as imposed by the system architecture; differences indicate anomalies which may be subject to restructuring. Our ROSE prototype analyzes fine-grained coupling between software entities as indicated by common changes. It turns out that common changes are a good indicator for modularity, that evolutionary coupling should be determined between syntactical entities (rather than files or modules), and that common changes can indicate coupling between software entities and nonprogram artifacts that is unavailable to the analysis of a single version.
Applied State of Plant Tissue Culture (2000)

This assay summarized the fundamental conception and applied state of plant tissue culture in the crop breeding, taking of virus and reproducing quickly, producing good matter and in the study of inheritance, physiology, biochemistry and pathology.
Selection and analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants with increased resistance to ABT-538, a novel protease inhibitor (1995)

Inhibitors of the human immunodeficiency virus protease represent a promising new class of antiretroviral drugs for the treatment of AIDS. We now report the in vitro selection of viral variants with decreased sensitivity to a symmetry-based protease inhibitor, ABT-538, currently being tested in clinical trials. Molecular characterization of the variants shows that an isoleucine-to-valine substitution at position 84 results in a substantial decrease in sensitivity to the drug. Moreover, an additional mutation at position 82, valine to phenylalanine, further decreases viral susceptibility to ABT-538. Three-dimensional analysis of the protease-drug complex provides a structural explanation for the relative drug resistance induced by these two mutations. These findings emphasize the importance of closely monitoring patients receiving ABT-538 for the emergence of viral resistance and provide information that may prove useful in designing the next generation of protease inhibitors.
Complex-curve fitting (1959)

The mathematical analysis of linear dynamic systems, based on experimental test results, often requires that the frequency response of the system be fitted by an algebraic expression. The form in which this expression is usually desired is that of a ratio of two frequency-dependent polynomials. In this paper, a method of evaluation of the polynomial coefficients is presented. It is based on the minimization of the weighted sum of the squares of the errors between the absolute magnitudes of the actual function and the polynomial ratio, taken at various values of frequency (the independent variable). The problem of the evaluation of the unknown coefficients is reduced to that of the numerical solution of certain determinants. The elements of these determinants are functions of the amplitude ratio and phase shift, taken at various values of frequency. This form of solution is particularly adaptable to digital computing methods, be-because of the simplicity in the required programming. The treatment is restricted to systems which have no poles on the imaginary axis; i.e., to systems having a finite, steady-state (zero frequency) magnitude.
Diversity combining and piezoelectric beam steering for multi-element VLC networks (2016)

Visible light communications (VLC) is an emerging wireless communication technology that can serve high speed data rates by using existing lighting infrastructure without congesting the radio spectrum. This paper studies the effect of various multi-element VLC transmitter and receiver configurations on the link quality. With this purpose, the signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) distribution is investigated via extensive simulations considering a multipath environment with different transceiver configurations and diversity combining techniques. Additionally, we propose a beam steering technique using the piezo-electric based tilting of LEDs to improve the SINR, which tilts the LEDs with piezo-electric actuators towards the location of the receiver. Simulation results show that significant gains can be obtained on SINR performance by using optimized transceiver configurations and diversity combining at the receiver. Moreover, even with small titling angles at the transmitter, up to 12 dB SINR gain is obtained using beam steering.
Can twitter really save your life? A case study of visual social media analytics for situation awareness (2015)

Social media monitoring for crisis intelligence is on the brink of commercialization and widespread adoption. To close the gap between research and application, this paper presents results of a broad-scale case study on visual analytics of social media for situation awareness. We asked twenty-nine domain experts from disaster response and critical infrastructure management to investigate various crisis intelligence tasks based on actual Twitter data, which was recorded during the 2013 German Flood. To this end, the ScatterBlogs visual analytics framework, a platform that provides reference implementations of tools and techniques from ongoing research, was given to them as an integrated toolbox. This paper presents and reviews the domain experts' individual performances with the system, their comments about the usefulness and applicability of its capabilities, and the results of a questionnaire each participant had to complete. Based on this evaluation, we will answer the question if and how visual analytics of social media can shape tomorrow's crisis intelligence.
Metastatic cancer cells with macrophage properties: Evidence from a new murine tumor model (2008)

Metastasis is the process by which cancer cells disseminate from the primary neoplasm and invade surrounding tissue and distant organs, and is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality for cancer patients. Most conventional cancer therapies are ineffective in managing tumor metastasis. This has been due in large part to the absence of in vivo metastatic models that represent the full spectrum of metastatic disease. Here we identify 3 new spontaneously arising tumors in the inbred VM mouse strain, which has a relatively high incidence of CNS tumors. Two of the tumors (VM-M2 and VM-M3) reliably expressed all of the major biological processes of metastasis to include local invasion, intravasation, immune system survival, extravasation and secondary tumor formation involving liver, kidney, spleen, lung and brain. Metastasis was assessed through visual organ inspection, histology, immunohistochemistry and bioluminescence imaging. The metastatic VM tumor cells also expressed multiple properties of macrophages including morphological appearance, surface adhesion, phagocytosis, total lipid composition (glycosphingolipids and phospholipids) and gene expression (CD11b, Iba1, F4/80, CD68, CD45 and CXCR4). The third tumor (VM-NM1) grew rapidly and expressed properties of neural stem/progenitor cells, but was neither invasive nor metastatic. Our data indicate that spontaneous brain tumors can arise from different cell types in VM mice and that metastatic cancer can represent a disease of macrophage-like cells similar to those described in several human metastatic cancers. The new VM tumor model will be useful for defining the biological processes of cancer metastasis and for evaluating potential therapies for tumor management.
Characteristics of a CO<sub>2</sub>laser excited by a capacitative ac discharge (1979)

An experimental study was made of a model of a steady-state fast-flow CO2 laser excited by a 10 kHz ac capacitative discharge. The results of an optimization of the laser operating regimes agree with those obtained from calculations. According to these results a commercial laser with a power of ~20 kW, an overall efficiency of ~15%, and a specific output energy of ~40–45 J/g can be made utilizing the specific parameter levels achieved in this work.
A Double-Blind Study Comparing the Effect of Glycerin and Urea on Dry, Eczematous Skin in Atopic Patients (2002)

Moisturizing creams have beneficial effects in the treatment of dry, scaly skin, but they may induce adverse skin reactions. In a randomized double-blind study, 197 patients with atopic dermatitis were treated with one of the following: a new moisturizing cream with 20% glycerin, its cream base without glycerin as placebo, or a cream with 4% urea and 4% sodium chloride. The patients were asked to apply the cream at least once daily for 30 days. Adverse skin reactions and changes in skin dryness were assessed by the patient and a dermatologist. Adverse skin reactions such as smarting (a sharp local superficial sensation) were felt significantly less among patients using the 20% glycerin cream compared with the urea-saline cream, because 10% of the patients judged the smarting as severe or moderate when using glycerin cream, whereas 24% did so using urea-saline cream (p < 0.0006). No differences were found regarding skin reactions such as stinging, itching and dryness/irritation. The study showed equal effects on skin dryness as judged by the patients and the dermatologist. In conclusion, a glycerin containing cream appears to be a suitable alternative to urea/sodium chloride in the treatment of atopic dry skin.
Electronic absorption and fluorescence of phenylethynyl-substituted acenes (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectronic absorption and fluorescence of phenylethynyl-substituted acenesD. R. Maulding and Bernard G. RobertsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 6, 1734–1736Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01258a045https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01258a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1781Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Proteomic Data Analysis: Pattern Recognition for Medical Diagnosis and Biomarker Discovery (2011)

<P>This chapter contains sections titled: <UL> <LI> <P>Introduction</P> </LI> <LI> <P>Proteomic Data Analysis</P> </LI> <LI> <P>Biomarker Discovery</P> </LI> <LI> <P>Conclusion</P> </LI> </UL> </P> <P>This chapter contains sections titled: <UL> <LI> <P>Acknowledgments</P> </LI> <LI> <P>Appendix: Proteomics Methods and Technologies</P> </LI> <LI> <P>References</P> </LI> </UL> </P> ]]>
Investigation of the Physical Characteristics of Polypropylene Meltblown Nonwovens Under Varying Production Parameters (2012)

Investigation of the Physical Characteristics of Polypropylene Meltblown Nonwovens Under Varying Production Parameters
Investigation of the Electrical Properties of Sr1−<i>x</i>Ba<i>x</i>Nb2O6 with Special Reference to Pyroelectric Detection (1969)

The dielectric constants, electrical conductivity, specific heat, and pyroelectric coefficients of ferro-electric Sr1−xBaxNb2O6 (SBN) are investigated as a function of temperature in the range 10°–500°K, and as a function of the Sr/Ba composition of the material. A simple technique for measuring absolute pyroelectric coefficients and spontaneous polarizations of ferroelectrics is described. The electric field and frequency dependence of the dielectric properties are also investigated. The theory of pyroelectric detection is discussed from a materials point of view, and the experimental data are considered in terms of the usefulness of SBN as a pyroelectric detector of electromagnetic radiation.
Measurement of SOS expression in individual <i>Escherichia coli</i> K‐12 cells using fluorescence microscopy (2004)

Many recombination, DNA repair and DNA replication mutants have high basal levels of SOS expression as determined by a sulAp-lacZ reporter gene system on a population of cells. Two opposing models to explain how the SOS expression is distributed in these cells are: (i) the 'Uniform Expression Model (UEM)' where expression is evenly distributed in all cells or (ii) the 'Two Population Model (TPM)' where some cells are highly induced while others are not at all. To distinguish between these two models, a method to quantify SOS expression in individual bacterial cells was developed by fusing an SOS promoter (sulAp) to the green fluorescent protein (gfp) reporter gene and inserting it at attlambda on the Escherichia coli chromosome. It is shown that the fluorescence in sulAp-gfp cells is regulated by RecA and LexA. This system was then used to distinguish between the two models for several mutants. The patterns displayed by priA, dnaT, recG, uvrD, dam, ftsK, rnhA, polA and xerC mutants were explained best by the TPM while only lexA (def), lexA3 (ind-) and recA defective mutants were explained best by the UEM. These results are discussed in a context of how the processes of DNA replication and recombination may affect cells in a population differentially.