gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Graded band gap for dark-current suppression in long-wave infrared W-structured type-II superlattice photodiodes (2006)

A new W-structured type-II superlattice photodiode design, with graded band gap in the depletion region, is shown to strongly suppress dark currents due to tunneling and generation-recombination processes. The long-wave infrared (LWIR) devices display 19%–29% quantum efficiency and substantially reduced dark currents. The median dynamic impedance-area product of 216Ωcm2 for 33 devices with 10.5μm cutoff at 78K is comparable to that for state-of-the-art HgCdTe-based photodiodes. The sidewall resistivity of ≈70kΩcm for untreated mesas is also considerably higher than previous reports for passivated or unpassivated type-II LWIR photodiodes, apparently indicating self-passivation by the graded band gap.
Factor Xa inhibitors (2009)

Oral factor Xa (FXa) inhibitors are a promising alternative to current anticoagulants. This paper reviews the latest developments of oral direct FXa inhibitors and focuses on those which have been approved for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after total hip or knee replacement or are in advanced development and have passed phase II (proof of principle) testing. The most advanced drugs are apixaban, betrixaban, edoxaban, eribaxaban, rivaroxaban, LY517717, TAK-442, and YM150. Rivaroxaban (Xareltoâ) is the first direct FXa inhibitor which has recently been approved for the prevention of VTE in adult patients after elective hip or knee replacement in several countries, including the European Union and Canada. Rivaroxaban has a flat dose-dependent anticoagulant response with a wide therapeutic window and low potential for drug-drug and drug-food interactions. Rivaroxaban can be given in fixed doses without coagulation monitoring. This review describes the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles and the results of clinical trials with FXa inhibitors in the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders.
Therapeutic mechanisms of psilocybin: Changes in amygdala and prefrontal functional connectivity during emotional processing after psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression (2020)

These results are consistent with the idea that psilocybin therapy revives emotional responsiveness on a neural and psychological level, which may be a key treatment mechanism for psychedelic therapy. Future larger placebo-controlled studies are needed to examine the replicability of the current findings.
Depth profiling of a Co-implanted silicon wafer by total-reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis after repeated oxidation and HF-etching (1999)

A new method of depth profiling has been developed and applied to a Co-implanted Si-wafer. A square section of only some cm2 was chosen, a thin near-surface sublayer oxidized by an oxygen plasma and the oxidized sublayer precisely etched by a solution of hydrofluoric acid. The mass of Si within the sublayer was determined via differential weighing of the wafer piece and the mass of Co determined by TXRF (total reflection X-ray fluorescence) of the loaded acidic solution. These steps were repeated time and again in order to record a total depth profile showing the relative concentration of Co dependent on the depth within the wafer. The integration of this profile gave a total dose of 1.13 × 1017 ions cm–2 with high accuracy. The depth resolution of the new method might be in the order of a few nm, the detection limit about 0.01% or 5 × 1018 atoms cm–3 of Co.
<i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovar Typhimurium <i>waaP</i> Mutants Show Increased Susceptibility to Polymyxin and Loss of Virulence In Vivo (2000)

In Escherichia coli, the waaP (rfaP) gene product was recently shown to be responsible for phosphorylation of the first heptose residue of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inner core region. WaaP was also shown to be necessary for the formation of a stable outer membrane. These earlier studies were performed with an avirulent rough strain of E. coli (to facilitate the structural chemistry required to properly define waaP function); therefore, we undertook the creation of a waaP mutant of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to assess the contribution of WaaP and LPS core phosphorylation to the biology of an intracellular pathogen. The S. enterica waaP mutant described here is the first to be both genetically and structurally characterized, and its creation refutes an earlier claim that waaP mutations in S. enterica must be leaky to maintain viability. The mutant was shown to exhibit characteristics of the deep-rough phenotype, despite its ability to produce a full-length core capped with O antigen. Further, phosphoryl modifications in the LPS core region were shown to be required for resistance to polycationic antimicrobials. The waaP mutant was significantly more sensitive to polymyxin in both wild-type and polymyxin-resistant backgrounds, despite the decreased negative charge of the mutant LPSs. In addition, the waaP mutation was shown to cause a complete loss of virulence in mouse infection models. Taken together, these data indicate that WaaP is a potential target for the development of novel therapeutic agents.
Effect of color visualization and display hardware on the visual assessment of pseudocolor medical images (2015)

Our findings demonstrate that the choice of color scale and display hardware affects the visual comparative analysis of pseudocolor images. Follow-up studies in clinical settings are being considered to confirm the results with patient images.
Plasma edge and its application to infrared measurement and detection (1993)

A steep plasma edge in infrared reflectivity spectra of Hg1−xCdxTe and HgSe:Fe has been observed. It is predicted that the edge is sensitive to the variation of carrier concentration, which indicates the possibility of developing a fast light-controlled switch for infrared radiation as well as a new approach of infrared modulation and detection. The modulation gain in power and detectivity limited by the generation-recombination process has been calculated and compared with the photoconductive counterpart.
Commutation-Torque-Ripple Minimization in Direct-Torque-Controlled PM Brushless DC Drives (2007)

This paper describes an improved implementation of direct torque control (DTC) to a permanent-magnet brushless dc (BLDC) drive. The commutation torque ripple, which occurs every 60deg elec. in a conventional three-phase BLDC machine with two-phase 120deg elec. conduction, is reduced by employing a hybrid two- and three-phase switching mode during the commutation periods. It is based on the criterion of minimizing the error between the commanded torque and the estimated torque and does not require knowledge of the conduction duration of the three-phase switching mode. It adaptively adjusts the phase-current waveform to maintain constant electromagnetic torque so that commutation torque ripple, which would have resulted with conventional DTC, particularly at high rotational speeds, is effectively eliminated, as confirmed by both simulations and measurements.
Pomalidomide: the new immunomodulatory agent for the treatment of multiple myeloma (2013)

In this report, we provide a comprehensive review on the preclinical and clinical investigations conducted in development of the next-generation immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) pomalidomide for the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM). We consulted PubMed, MEDLINE, ASH, ASCO annual symposium abstracts and http://clinicaltrials.gov/ for the purpose of this literature review. Twenty-six preclinical and 11 clinical studies were examined. These studies delineate the mechanisms of action of pomalidomide and attest to the robust clinical activity in relapsed/refractory MM. MM is the second most common hematological malignancy in the US. Despite availability of several therapeutic agents, MM remains incurable. Thus, the development of new therapies remains a priority. Pomalidomide is the newest member of the IMiDs class of drugs, and in preclinical and clinical investigations, it has demonstrated an improved efficacy and toxicity profile in comparison to its sister compounds, lenalidomide and thalidomide. Importantly, recent clinical studies have demonstrated its activity in relapsed or refractory myeloma, particularly in lenalidomide and bortezomib-refractory patients. Thus, the addition of pomalidomide to the anti-myeloma armamentarium is widely anticipated to have a significant impact on the overall clinical outcome of advanced stage relapsed and refractory MM patients.
Lentiviral gene transfer ameliorates disease progression in Long-Evans cinnamon rats: An animal model for Wilson disease (2006)

These data prove for the first time that lentiviral ATP7B gene transfer is feasible in Wilson disease. In our pilot study the systemic approach was more promising in ameliorating disease progression than the transplantation of lentivirally transduced hepatocytes.
Studies on the antiparkinsonian efficacy of lergotrile (1975)

The antiparkinsonian activity of lergotrile mesylate, a presumed dopaminergic receptor stimulating agent, was investigating in monkeys with surgically induced tremor and in parkinsonian patients. The administration of lergotrile resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in the intensity of tremor in the monkeys. In 13 patients with Parkinson's disease treated with lergotrile (up to 12 mg a day), overall improvement was observed in five. Tremor was the main clinical feature to benefit, and the improvement reached statistical significance. In a subgroup of four patients treated with a higher dose of lergotrile (up to 20 mg a day), further improvement in rigidity and bradykinesia was noted, but again, only improvement in tremor was statistically significant. Adverse effects included orthostatic hypotension, behavioral alterations, and nausea and vomiting. These were severe enough to result in drug withdrawal in three patients.
Microstructural characterization of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy after severe plastic deformation (2012)

The ASTM F1295/Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy present mechanical properties and biocompatibility very attractive for application in medical and dental implants. In this context, processing of these Ti-based alloys by severe plastic deformation (SPD) has been extensively reported recently. However, the mechanical properties of equal channel angular pressed (ECAP) ASTM F1295 alloy are still a matter of research. In the present study, Ti-6Al-7Nb samples were processed by ECAP following thermomechanical processing which effects on the microstructure of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The analyses have shown that the microstructure was composed by ultrafine grains (UFG) with sizes ranging from 200 to 400 nm. Ring-type selected area electron diffraction patterns (SAEDP) suggested the co-existence of low- and high-angle grain boundaries. Some regions of the samples have presented evidences of the presence of grains with unfavorable orientation to the plastic deformation. These grains can act as rigid bodies and concentrate the deformation in its surrounding areas, as an "open-die grain" mechanism. Such deformation mechanism could be attributed to the differences in the plastic behavior between the alpha and beta titanium phases.
Bladder Cancer–Associated Gene Expression Signatures Identified by Profiling of Exfoliated Urothelia (2009)

Bladder cancer is the fifth most commonly diagnosed malignancy in the United States and one of the most prevalent worldwide. It harbors a probability of recurrence of >50%; thus, rigorous, long-term surveillance of patients is advocated. Flexible cystoscopy coupled with voided urine cytology is the primary diagnostic approach, but cystoscopy is an uncomfortable, invasive procedure and the sensitivity of voided urine cytology is poor in all but high-grade tumors. Thus, improvements in noninvasive urinalysis assessment strategies would benefit patients. We applied gene expression microarray analysis to exfoliated urothelia recovered from bladder washes obtained prospectively from 46 patients with subsequently confirmed presence or absence of bladder cancer. Data from microarrays containing 56,000 targets was subjected to a panel of statistical analyses to identify bladder cancer-associated gene signatures. Hierarchical clustering and supervised learning algorithms were used to classify samples on the basis of tumor burden. A differentially expressed geneset of 319 gene probes was associated with the presence of bladder cancer (P < 0.01), and visualization of protein interaction networks revealed vascular endothelial growth factor and angiotensinogen as pivotal factors in tumor cells. Supervised machine learning and a cross-validation approach were used to build a 14-gene molecular classifier that was able to classify patients with and without bladder cancer with an overall accuracy of 76%. Our results show that it is possible to achieve the detection of bladder cancer using molecular signatures present in exfoliated tumor urothelia. Further investigation and validation of the cancer-associated profiles may reveal important biomarkers for the noninvasive detection and surveillance of bladder cancer.
Quantitative Fundus Autofluorescence in Early and Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2016)

The qAF8 measurements in this sample showed no increased lipofuscin-related fundus AF in patients with early and intermediate AMD. Lower qAF levels in certain subgroups may point to subnormal lipofuscin levels in the retinal pigment epithelium or, alternatively, limitations to detection of true retinal pigment epithelial lipofuscin content. The results of this study might expand the understanding of the pathogenesis of AMD and may have an effect on upcoming treatment trials that aim to modify lipofuscin accumulation.
Temperature Dependence of Dielectric Absorption Current of SrTiO<sub>3</sub> Thin-Film Capacitor (1995)

Temperature dependence of dielectric absorption current of the Pt/SrTiO 3 /Au capacitor was investigated. The time dependence of the dielectric absorption currents obtained from I-t measurements for the time window between 1 and 50 s can be fitted by a superposition of three Debye-type relaxations. Relaxation time constant and capacitance which characterize each relaxation species show different temperature dependences. Relaxation time constants are independent of temperature. On the other hand, relaxation capacitances obey Arrhenius' equation with the same activation energy of 0.18 eV. This low activation energy suggests that the observed dielectric absorption current is electronic. Possible mechanisms for the observed dielectric relaxation are discussed based on these results.
Pharmaco-economic aspects of lipid-lowering therapy: is it worth the price? (1998)

The increased incidence and prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in recent years has produced a great economic burden on total health care expenditure in many countries. This includes the increased cost of prevention as well as the enormous cost of treatment of CHD and related events. The clinical usefulness and benefits of statins in primary and secondary prevention of CHD has been well established. However, an important issue is whether health care decision-makers will pay for these medicines. Pharmaco-economic analyses of statins have become extremely important in substantiating the true economic value of these lipid-lowering therapies. Recently published, large-scale outcome studies demonstrate a reduction in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality with statins, and the data from these trials have been used to conduct pharmaco-economic appraisals. Statin treatment was shown to be cost-effective in comparison with other health care interventions, and cost-effectiveness was related to the efficacy of the drug and the risk of cardiovascular disease at baseline. In addition, the cost-effectiveness of statins was improved by about 40% if high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were taken into account. It has been suggested that the cost-effectiveness of statins has been underestimated, since early large-outcome trials did not use stroke as a primary endpoint. When the costs of managing stroke were taken into consideration in recent meta-analyses, the cost-effectiveness of statins was significantly greater than had been previously thought.
Influence of inorganic and organic additives on the tailored synthesis of iron oxides (1991)

The influence of the inorganic anions, chloride, phosphate, sulphate and perchlorate and the organic molecules, n-butyl dihydrogen phosphate, 1-naphthyl disodium orthophosphate, methylphosphonic acid, phenylphosphonic acid, methylenediphosphonic acid and 1,2-ethylenediphosphonic acid, on the synthesis of iron oxides by the forced hydrolysis of aqueous FeIII solutions has been studied by electron microscopy, electron and X-ray diffraction and infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. Haematite (α-Fe2O3) was formed in the presence of the inorganic additives. The presence of chloride and perchlorate resulted in rhombohedral crystals comprising {10text-decoration:overline14} or {10text-decoration:overline12} faces, respectively. Phosphate gave spindle-shaped crystals elongated along the c axis with stabilised faces of {hki0} form. Sulphate behaved in a similar manner but the effect was less pronounced. Computer simulations of relaxed crystal faces predicted the following order of surface energies; {10text-decoration:overline12} < {10text-decoration:overline10} < {0001} < {1text-decoration:overline210} < {10text-decoration:overline14} < {10text-decoration:overline11}. Infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies confirmed the presence of chloride, phosphate or sulphate, but not perchlorate, on the crystal surfaces. The phosphate and sulphate were bound in a bidentate manner. The organic additives, except for the diphosphonates, produced the oxyhydroxide. Iepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH), with no morphological modifications. Prismatic haematite was formed in the presence of methylenediphosphonic acid whereas 1,2-ethylenediphosphonic acid gave akaganeite (β-FeOOH). The results are discussed in terms of stereochemical and geometric interactions between adsorbed additives and selective crystal faces. Predictions of the complexation and hydrolysis behaviour of FeIII-additive species, using the partial charge model (J. Livage, M. Henry and C. Sanchez, Prog. Solid State Chem., 1988, 18, 259; N. J. Reeves and S. Mann, to be published) were in agreement with the experimental data.
Rec8p, a Meiotic Recombination and Sister Chromatid Cohesion Phosphoprotein of the Rad21p Family Conserved from Fission Yeast to Humans (1999)

Our work and that of others defined mitosis-specific (Rad21 subfamily) and meiosis-specific (Rec8 subfamily) proteins involved in sister chromatid cohesion in several eukaryotes, including humans. Mutation of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe rec8 gene was previously shown to confer a number of meiotic phenotypes, including strong reduction of recombination frequencies in the central region of chromosome III, absence of linear element polymerization, reduced pairing of homologous chromosomes, reduced sister chromatid cohesion, aberrant chromosome segregation, defects in spore formation, and reduced spore viability. Here we extend the description of recombination reduction to the central regions of chromosomes I and II. We show at the protein level that expression of rec8 is meiosis specific and that Rec8p localizes to approximately 100 foci per prophase nucleus. Rec8p was present in an unphosphorylated form early in meiotic prophase but was phosphorylated prior to meiosis I, as demonstrated by analysis of the mei4 mutant blocked before meiosis I. Evidence for the persistence of Rec8p beyond meiosis I was obtained by analysis of the mutant mes1 blocked before meiosis II. A human gene, which we designate hrec8, showed significant primary sequence similarity to rec8 and was mapped to chromosome 14. High mRNA expression of mouse and human rec8 genes was found only in germ line cells, specifically in testes and, interestingly, in spermatids. hrec8 was also expressed at a low level in the thymus. Sequence similarity and testis-specific expression indicate evolutionarily conserved functions of Rec8p in meiosis. Possible roles of Rec8p in the integration of different meiotic events are discussed.
Smart video surveillance system preserving privacy (2005)

In this paper, we present a smart video surveillance system based on standard technologies and wired or wireless IP networking. The camera is performing the following operations. First, a video analysis module detects suspicious events and identifies regions of interest in the scene. The video is then compressed using JPEG 2000. The resulting compressed stream is signed and scrambled for the purpose of data integrity verification and confidentiality. Finally, the stream is protected for robustness to transmission errors based. The system is designed in such a way to protect the privacy of people under surveillance. More specifically, during the analysis stage, people in the scene are detected by change detection or face detection techniques. Scrambling is then applied only to the corresponding regions. Furthermore, the amount of distortion can be controlled by restricting scrambling to some resolution levels or quality layers. In this way, people under surveillance cannot be recognized, but the remaining of the scene is clear. The encryption key is kept under control of judicial authorities, who can grant authorization to unlock the protection and view the whole scene. Per consequent, this system successfully addresses the loss of privacy issue.
Xerographic Printing System Performance Optimization by Toner Throughput Control (2009)

For two component xerographic development systems the toner concentration and the average toner residence time in the developer sump are desired to be within optimal ranges for acceptable image quality. The toner concentration and the average toner residence time are coupled such that independent ranges are not typically achievable, and so a tradeoff must be managed. Also the required toner for any given job is highly variable and not known well in advance, yet significantly impacts the two aforementioned parameters. In this paper the authors propose and demonstrate a model predictive control design framework to optimally manage toner throughput to achieve performance objectives.
Maltitol-Induced Increase of Transepithelial Transport of Calcium in Rat Small Intestine. (1993)

To gain an insight into a mechanism whereby maltitol increases intestinal absorption of calcium, we evaluated transepithelial calcium transport of everted segments of rat small intestine by comparing the values in the presence of maltitol with the values in the presence of maltose. In jejunal segments, no significant difference in the rate of calcium transport was seen between the incubations in the medium containing 100 mM maltitol and in the medium containing 100 mM maltose, regardless of the calcium concentrations in the mucosal-side medium. By contrast, the everted ileal segments incubated in the presence of maltitol exhibited two-fold greater transepithelial calcium transport than did the segments incubated in the presence of maltose at a high (10 mM) concentration of calcium, whereas at a low (0.5 mM) concentration of calcium, maltitol did not produce a significant effect. With the conditions in which intestinal alpha-glucosidases were inhibited using the medium containing Tris or acarbose, a slight (40%) but significant increase of calcium transport was again observed in the segments incubated in the medium containing maltitol as compared with the medium containing maltose. The results suggest that maltitol enhances the rate of transepithelial calcium transport in the lower part of small intestine by modulating the passive diffusion of calcium, and that not only the nature of low digestibility, but also some other nature(s) of maltitol might be responsible for the maltitol-induced increase of ileal calcium transport.