gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decapping of stabilized, polyadenylated mRNA in yeast pab1 mutants (1999)

Interaction of the poly(A) binding protein, Pab1p, with mRNA plays an important role in gene expression. This work describes an analysis of pab1 mutants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast pab1 mutants were found to be sensitive to elevated concentrations of copper (Cu) and 3-aminotriazole (3-AT) in the growth medium. This phenotype arises because these pab1 mutants underaccumulate mRNA, including the CUP1 and HIS3 mRNAs, the products of which are required for Cu and 3-AT resistance, respectively. To determine the cause of the mRNA underaccumulation, mRNA turnover and production were examined in the pab1-53 mutant. It was found that although the pattern of mRNA decay was altered, and substantial decapping of polyadenylated mRNA could be detected, mRNA was not destabilized in this strain. It was also found that the pab1 mutant was impaired in the production of mRNA. These data show that the decreased level of mRNA in the pab1-53 mutant arises from poor production, and they suggest that yeast Pab1p is involved in an aspect of nuclear mRNA metabolism. They also indicate that deadenylation can be uncoupled from decapping without significant changes in an mRNA's stability, and that this uncoupling can be tolerated by yeast. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of similarity measures for use in 2-D-3-D medical image registration (1998)

A comparison of six similarity measures for use in intensity-based two-dimensional-three-dimensional (2-D-3-D) image registration is presented. The accuracy of the similarity measures are compared to a "gold-standard" registration which has been accurately calculated using fiducial markers. The similarity measures are used to register a computed tomography (CT) scan of a spine phantom to a fluoroscopy image of the phantom. The registration is carried out within a region-of-interest in the fluoroscopy image which is user defined to contain a single vertebra. Many of the problems involved in this type of registration are caused by features which were not modeled by a phantom image alone. More realistic "gold-standard" data sets were simulated using the phantom image with clinical image features overlaid. Results show that the introduction of soft-tissue structures and interventional instruments into the phantom image can have a large effect on the performance of some similarity measures previously applied to 2-D-3-D image registration. Two measures were able to register accurately and robustly even when soft-tissue structures and interventional instruments were present as differences between the images. These measures were pattern intensity and gradient difference. Their registration accuracy, for all the rigid-body parameters except for the source to film translation, was within a root-mean-square (rms) error of 0.54 mm or degrees to the "gold-standard" values. No failures occurred while registering using these measures.
Degenerate intermolecular thiolate-disulfide interchange involving cyclic five-membered disulfides is faster by .apprx.103 than that involving six- or seven-membered disulfides (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDegenerate intermolecular thiolate-disulfide interchange involving cyclic five-membered disulfides is faster by .apprx.103 than that involving six- or seven-membered disulfidesRajeeva Singh and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 17, 6304–6309Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00173a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00173a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1124Altmetric-Citations90LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Modelocked mid-infrared frequency combs in a silicon microresonator (2016)

Mid-infrared (mid-IR) frequency combs have broad applications in molecular spectroscopy and chemical/biological sensing. Recently developed microresonator-based combs in this wavelength regime could enable portable and robust devices using a single-frequency pump field. Here, we report the first demonstration of a modelocked microresonator-based frequency comb in the mid-IR spanning 2.4 μm to 4.3 μm. We observe high pump-to-comb conversion efficiency, in which 40% of the pump power is converted to the output comb power. Utilizing an integrated PIN structure allows for tuning the silicon microresonator and controling modelocking and cavity soliton formation, simplifying the generation, monitoring and stabilization of mid-IR frequency combs via free-carrier detection and control. Our results significantly advance microresonator-based comb technology towards a portable and robust mid-IR spectroscopic device that operates at low pump powers.
Using Component-Resolved Diagnostics in the Management of Peanut-Allergic Patients (2016)

Instead of relying on crude peanut extract, component-resolved diagnostics (CRD) uses sensitization to allergenic proteins within peanut. In this review, we describe the recent advances and future perspectives of the use of CRD in the management of peanut-allergic patients. There is strong evidence that sensitization to Ara h 2 is the best predictor for clinically relevant peanut allergy in children and adults. Isolated sensitization to other peanut components is only rarely present in patients with systemic reactions to peanut. It is, however, important to remark that cut-off points of sIgE to Ara h 2 that predict tolerance or allergy vary between different study populations, different age groups and geographical regions, and validation studies performed in different settings are necessary to implement cut-offs in daily practice. Future studies should focus on the role of CRD in risk-assessment early in life, predicting long-term tolerance and monitoring treatment responses following immunotherapy.
Evidence for Intramolecular Cross-Linked Aα·γ Chain Heterodimers in Plasma Fibrinogen (1996)

A peptide band of approximately 105 kDa migrating near the gamma dimer position of disulfide bond reduced human plasma fibrinogen prepared from fresh single donor or outdated plasma was identified by SDS-PAGE. The band, amounting to approximately 2% of the total A alpha/gamma chain population, was thrombin and plasmin sensitive and reacted with antibodies to A alpha or gamma chains but not with antibodies to B beta chains, plasminogen, or factor XIII. Amino acid sequencing revealed a double sequence corresponding to that of A alpha and gamma chains, indicating that the band consists of covalently cross-linked A alpha.gamma chain heterodimers. A alpha.gamma heterodimers were identified as a component of monomeric fibrinogen by two-dimensional SDS-PAGE and by SDS-PAGE analysis of the monomer fraction isolated by gel sieving chromatography, thus indicating that A alpha.gamma heterodimers arise by intramolecular A alpha/gamma chain cross-linking.
Estimation of State-of-Charge of Lead-Acid Batteries Using Electrochemistry Theorem (2006)

There are several methods to estimate the residual capacity of lead-acid batteries. Most of these methods are not able to precisely predict the amount of remaining capacity due to the battery aging effect. This paper presents a method using the electrochemistry theorem to analyze the electrode reaction resistance effect and to estimate the internal energy loss and the electrolyte specific gravity in batteries. Through a series of calculations, the state-of-charge of a lead-acid battery can be estimated. To validate the proposed algorithm, some experiments are conducted and the measured data is applied to the proposed method and two other methods for comparison. The experiment results prove that the proposed algorithm can accurately compute the state-of-charge of lead-acid batteries to a certain extend and can be used in real-time controls.
Development of a chip prober for pre-bond testing of a 3D-IC (2013)

We developed a novel chip prober with a transparent membrane probe card for chip-level pre-bond testing of a three-dimensional integrated circuit. In the case of this chip prober, it was possible to achieve a uniform probing by using a parallelism-adjustment system with 3-point support. In addition, it was possible to achieve a small-gap alignment between the probe card and the tested chip by the precise control of the XYZθ stage and the transparency of the probe card. Thus, a high probing accuracy of ±2-3 μm was realized. A transparent membrane probe card was fabricated using a polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) film by through-holes formation with a UV-YAG laser beam, backside electrode formation, Ti-Au wiring formation, and Ni-Au contact bump formation. Owing to the deformation of the PEN film during probing, low-load probing (0.61 gf/pin) was realized. By using this chip prober, we could successfully conduct pre-bond testing of an SRAM/flash memory chip even when the chip was thinned down to 50 μm.
CASCADE: A Standard Supercell Design Methodology With Congestion-Driven Placement for Three-Dimensional Interconnect-Heavy Very Large-Scale Integrated Circuits (2007)

In this paper, CASCADE, a standard supercell-based design methodology, its supporting automated design flow, and associated design tools, are presented for 3D implementations of a class of interconnect-heavy application-specific very large-scale integrated circuits. In CASCADE, a system is first partitioned and synthesized using standard 2D design tools to a set of supercells with the same height and varying widths. With this, the 3D design is reduced to 3D supercell placement and 3D-via assignment. A congestion-driven simulated-annealing method is used to find a 3D placement of supercells to minimize the total wire length, the longest wire length, and the number of 3D vias and routing density. To efficiently estimate the routing density of a 3D grid space within the optimization loop, a simple probabilistic congestion model with an incremental congestion computation has been developed. Once the supercell placement is fixed, the problem of assigning 3D vias to accomplish minimal 2D routing densities and uniform 3D-via distribution is solved by an efficient min-cost-max-flow method. The proposed methods have been implemented and tested on a set of ISPD98 circuit benchmarks. Experimental results have shown that the proposed congestion-driven 3D supercell placement and flow-based 3D-via-assignment tools have yielded satisfactory placement with small-area, low-congestion, short-wire-length, few, and uniformly distributed 3D vias. Furthermore, an excellent correlation between routing-density estimation by our model and the actual routing performed by a commercial router has been observed. We have applied the proposed 3D design methodology, tools, and flows to tape out an over 4-million-gate low-density parity-check decoder in a three-tier 0.18- fully depleted silicon-on-insulator 3D CMOS process manufactured by MIT Lincoln Laboratory. The postlayout simulation of this DRC-clean layout design showed an about ten times improvement on the power-delay-area product compared to a 2D implementation in the same process.
Design, synthesis, and structure–activity relationships of 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-ones as novel FAAH inhibitors (2011)

Novel 5-aryloxy substituted 3-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-ones were prepared and identified as potent inhibitors of FAAH. In vitro SAR are discussed. Structural variations of the selected lead compound were explored in order to optimise in vivo efficacy and selectivity.
High-Precision X-Ray Mask Technology (1990)

The current status of X-ray mask accuracy around the globe is briefly reviewed, and some of the work done at NTT LSI Laboratories in order to suppress distortions caused by stresses in SiN membrane (σ SiN ) and Ta absorber (σ Ta ) during the bulk-Si etching step in the subtractive process are explained. A mask-to-mask overlay accuracy of 0.09 µm (3σ) for 5 levels was attained with the conditions (1) σ SiN ·thickness SiN <10 × 10 4 dyn/cm and (2) σ SiN >σ Ta . With the aid of more precise stress control technology and membranes with a high Young's modulus, such as SiC, the accuracy of X-ray masks for practical use will reach at least 0.1 µm (3σ) in one or two years.
Anticonvulsant action of hippocampal dopamine and serotonin is independently mediated by D<sub>2</sub> and 5‐HT<sub>1A</sub> receptors (2004)

The present microdialysis study evaluated the anticonvulsant activity of extracellular hippocampal dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) with concomitant assessment of the possible mutual interactions between these monoamines. The anticonvulsant effects of intrahippocampally applied DA and 5-HT concentrations were evaluated against pilocarpine-induced seizures in conscious rats. DA or 5-HT perfusions protected the rats from limbic seizures as long as extracellular DA or 5-HT concentrations ranged, respectively, between 70-400% and 80-350% increases compared with the baseline levels. Co-perfusion with the selective D(2) blocker remoxipride or the selective 5-HT(1A) blocker WAY-100635 clearly abolished all anticonvulsant effects. These anticonvulsant effects were mediated independently since no mutual 5-HT and DA interactions were observed as long as extracellular DA and 5-HT levels remained within these protective ranges. Simultaneous D(2) and 5-HT(1A) receptor blockade significantly aggravated pilocarpine-induced seizures. High extracellular DA (> 1000% increases) or 5-HT (> 900% increases) concentrations also worsened seizure outcome. The latter proconvulsive effects were associated with significant increases in extracellular glutamate (Glu) and mutual increases in extracellular monoamines. Our results suggest that, within a certain concentration range, DA and 5-HT contribute independently to the prevention of hippocampal epileptogenesis via, respectively, D(2) and 5-HT(1A) receptor activation.
Real-time national GPS networks: Opportunities for atmospheric sensing (2014)

Real-time national Global Positioning System (GPS) networks are being established in a number of countries for atmospheric sensing. UCAR, in collaboration with participating universities, is developing one of these networks in the United States. The network, named “SuomiNet” to honor meteorological satellite pioneer Verner Suomi, is funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation. SuomiNet will exploit the recently-shown ability of ground-based GPS receivers to make thousands of accurate upper and lower atmospheric measurements per day. Phase delays induced in GPS signals by the ionosphere and neutral atmosphere can be measured with high precision simultaneously along up to a dozen GPS ray paths in the field of view. These delays can be converted into total electron content (TEC), and integrated water vapor (if surface pressure data or estimates are available), along each GPS ray path. The resulting continuous, accurate, all-weather, real-time upper and lower atmospheric data create a variety of opportunities for atmospheric research. In this letter we describe SuomiNet, its applications, and the opportunity to coordinate national real-time GPS networks to create a global network with larger scientific and operational potential.
Obesity and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (1994)

Abdominal obesity increases the estrogen-to-androgen ratio and may increase sympathetic nervous activity, both hypothesized to influence the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia and the severity of urinary obstructive symptoms. In 1986 and 1987, men aged 40-75 years who were participants in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study and who were without prior diagnosis of cancer or prostatectomy provided data on weight, height, and waist and hip circumferences. The men were followed for incidence of prostatectomy for benign prostatic hyperplasia up to January 1992. In addition, the frequency and severity of symptoms of urinary obstruction were assessed among respondents to a questionnaire in 1992. Among 25,892 men who provided complete information for both surgery and symptoms, 837 men had surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia, and 2,581 of those without surgery reported frequent urinary symptoms. After adjustment for age, smoking, and body mass index, abdominal obesity was related to prostatectomy (odds ratio (OR) = 2.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.42-3.99, for those with a waist circumference > or = 43 inches (109 cm) relative to those with a waist circumference < 35 inches (89 cm); p trend < 0.0001) and with frequent urinary symptoms among those without prostatectomy (OR = 2.00, 95% CI 1.47-2.72; p < 0.0001). Body mass index, hip circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio were not associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia independently of waist circumference. These results suggest that abdominal obesity in men may increase the frequency and severity of urinary obstructive symptoms and may increase the likelihood that such obese men will undergo a prostatectomy.
Deformable x-ray optics for solar physics (2004)

In order to have affordable light-weight hard (30 keV or higher) X-ray mirrors for solar physics studies, it is necessary to use metal replicated mirrors. However these mirrors have never been made to the exacting requirements of solar physics which is a 1 arc second point spread function half energy width. An exciting breakthrough can be achieved by making mirrors with current technology by measuring their figure and then judiciously deforming them as is traditionally done for visible light adaptive optics mirrors. As a first step in this project, an electroformed Wolter type I mirror was used to focus and image X-rays onto a CCD X-ray camera. Two sets of data necessary to characterize the mirror figure were acquired: (1) a series of in and out of focus images along the optical axis taken to allow for a deconvolution technique to determine the figure; (2) a series of in focus images taken at different energies (0.28-4.5 keV) so as to be able to correct for surface scatter effects on top of geometrical effects. A report on the analysis of these results and a discussion of preliminary actuator designs are given.
Gadget: A Tool for Extracting the Dynamic Structure of Java Programs. (2001)

Source code analysis and inspection does not provide enough information to describe the structure of an objectoriented program completely because there are components and relations that only exist during its runtime. This paper presents a tool, called Gadget, that helps software engineers extract the dynamic structure of objectoriented programs written in the Java programming language. The tool uses program profiling, filtering, and graph clustering techniques. In this work we show how Gadget is used to analyze a standard graphical user interface library for Java, called Swing. This library has a complex structure, part of which we expose using data gathered by Gadget during the execution of a simple Java program that uses Swing. 1.
Time-dependent observer errors in pulmonary nodule detection (2006)

The work was carried out to investigate differences in visual search characteristics between groups of observers with different levels of experience in the task of pulmonary nodule detection in chest radiology and we report here on these differences in respect of time related decisions. Volunteer observers were divided into three groups depending on their level of expertise. There were eight radiologists, eight radiographers and eight novices. Their task was to detect pulmonary nodules in a test bank of 120 digitized posteroanterior (PA) chest radiographs. Five of the eight radiographers were tested twice: once before and once after a 6-month training programme in interpretation of the adult chest radiograph. During each test session the observers' eye movements were tracked. Data on the observers' decisions through Alternate Free Response Operating Characteristic (AFROC) methodology were correlated to their eye-movement and fixation patterns. True negative decisions from all observers were associated with shorter fixation times than false negative decisions. No correct negative decisions were made after fixations exceeding 3 s.
Selective Chemical Extractants To Predict Bioavailability of Soil-Aged Organic Chemicals (1996)

A study was conducted to determine the feasibility of devising a chemical assay to predict the bioavailability of organic compounds that become sequestered in soil. The recovery of atrazine and phenanthrene freshly added to soil varied appreciably among individual solvents, but the quantity extracted by each solvent declined as the test compounds persisted in soil. The percentage recovered by some extractants approximated either the percentage uptake by earthworms or bacterial degradation. Recovery by one extractant predicted bioavailability to both organisms. The data suggest that it is feasible to predict bioavailability of persistent organic compounds in soil by chemical procedures.
Performance, Degradation Monitors, and Reliability of the CHISEL Injection Regime (2004)

This work reviews recent results concerning the performance and reliability of the channel initiated secondary electron (CHISEL) injection regime, often used to boost the programming speed of Flash memories. In order to relate the CHISEL behavior to the physical conditions existing in the device, the injection efficiency of CHISEL is studied on single transistors. A comparison between the degradation in the CHISEL injection and in the channel hot electron (CHE) stress regime has been also performed, and the most relevant electrical monitor for the degradation is assessed. It is confirmed that the CHISEL mechanism is promising for the realization of faster and more efficient Flash memory cells.
60.4: <i>Distinguished Paper</i> : A Directional Backlight with Narrow Angular Luminance Distribution for Widening Viewing Angle of a LCD with a Front‐Surface‐Light‐Scattering Film (2011)

Abstract A directional backlight unit has been developed for widening the viewing angle of a TN‐LCD with a front‐surface‐light scattering film. The novel directional backlight has a diagonal of 34‐cm and is structured by light‐direction control micro features and an inverted prism film. The backlight has a round luminance cone of +/‐9 deg. and a uniform spatial distribution of 90%. In combination with the LCD, the narrow cone resulted in widening of the TN‐LCD's viewing angle up to 120 deg. FWHM.