gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Child Restraint in the Acute Setting of Pediatric Nursing: An Extraordinarily Stressful Event (2007)

Lack of clarity regarding when or how to use restraint in pediatric nursing is in direct contrast to international legislation and children's rights activists, who continuously support increased safeguards to protect children and improved health-care services for children. The aim of this article is to present a review of available literature with the purpose of stimulating discussion on the topic of this extraordinarily stressful event in the lives of hospitalized children and their parents. Studies for this literature review were identified using library catalogues and computerized searches of the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Mbase, psychLIT, and Medline. Keywords used included restraint, immobilisation, acute restraint, child restraint, p(a)ediatric restraint, and elderly restraint. The majority of the articles reviewed were secondary sources that advocated awareness and encouraged the use of restraint alternatives when managing the care of a child during a procedure. The results of the review accentuates the dearth of research in relation to the use of restraints in pediatric nursing, and highlights the need for pediatric nurses and allied health-care professionals to explore this sensitive topic further. By failing to address these issues, it could be argued that researchers in child health are ignoring an extraordinarily stressful event in pediatric health care.
A Practical Guide to Legal Writing and Legal Method (2nd edition) (1994)

The second edition of this classic text uses a series of clear guidelines to teach the basic principles of legal method and legal writing. The text includes exercises for students to practice the application of legal reasoning and writing. Excerpt reproduced with permission of Aspen Publishers.
Inhibiting the urokinase‐type plasminogen activator receptor system recovers <scp>STZ</scp>‐induced diabetic nephropathy (2018)

The urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) receptor (uPAR) participates to the mechanisms causing renal damage in response to hyperglycaemia. The main function of uPAR in podocytes (as well as soluble uPAR -(s)uPAR- from circulation) is to regulate podocyte function through αvβ3 integrin/Rac-1. We addressed the question of whether blocking the uPAR pathway with the small peptide UPARANT, which inhibits uPAR binding to the formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) can improve kidney lesions in a rat model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. The concentration of systemically administered UPARANT was measured in the plasma, in kidney and liver extracts and UPARANT effects on dysregulated uPAR pathway, αvβ3 integrin/Rac-1 activity, renal fibrosis and kidney morphology were determined. UPARANT was found to revert STZ-induced up-regulation of uPA levels and activity, while uPAR on podocytes and (s)uPAR were unaffected. In glomeruli, UPARANT inhibited FPR2 expression suggesting that the drug may act downstream uPAR, and recovered the increased activity of the αvβ3 integrin/Rac-1 pathway indicating a major role of uPAR in regulating podocyte function. At the functional level, UPARANT was shown to ameliorate: (a) the standard renal parameters, (b) the vascular permeability, (c) the renal inflammation, (d) the renal fibrosis including dysregulated plasminogen-plasmin system, extracellular matrix accumulation and glomerular fibrotic areas and (e) morphological alterations of the glomerulus including diseased filtration barrier. These results provide the first demonstration that blocking the uPAR pathway can improve diabetic kidney lesion in the STZ model, thus suggesting the uPA/uPAR system as a promising target for the development of novel uPAR-targeting approaches.
Thermodynamic theory of growth of nanostructures (2014)

Self-assembled nanostructures, such as quantum dots (QDs), quantum rings (QRs) and nanowires (NWs), have been extensively studied because of their physical properties and promising device applications. To improve their physical properties and device applications, the fabrication of nanostructures with a uniform size, proper shape and regular position is desired in nanotechnology. Therefore, investigations of the growth process of nanostructures are highly important to control the self-assembly and synthesis processes of nanostructures flexibly. Thermodynamic theory as a universal approach to investigate material growth has been widely used to study the growth of nanostructures. This review covers the thermodynamic theoretical treatments of the growth of nanostructures, including QDs by epitaxy, QRs by droplet epitaxy, and NWs by the vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) mechanism. First, we introduce the thermodynamic models of the growth mechanisms of QDs by self-assembled epitaxy. The formation, stability, shape and position of QDs are discussed. Second, we introduce the nucleation thermodynamics and the growth kinetics of QRs by droplet epitaxy, and we present a simulation method employing the shape evolution of QRs based on a kinetic model. Third, several theoretical tools are introduced to address the nucleation and growth of NW by the VLS process. Finally, we introduce a thermodynamic treatment including the thermal fluctuations within the context of a statistical mechanical and quantum mechanical model for the temperature-dependent growth of nanostructures.
Residual Stress Behavior in Methylsilsesquioxane-Based Dielectric Thin Films (2001)

Abstract Residual stress of methylsilsequioxane film, which was spin-coated on silicon substrate and followed by soft-baking, was measured in-situ during curing and subsequent cooling with varying processing conditions. The thickness and refractive index of the cured films were measured using ellipsometry. Their structure was also examined by X-ray diffraction.
Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists Inhibit Tumor Metastasis by Inhibiting Capillary Permeability (2010)

We explored the possibility of the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, pranlukast and montelukast, preventing tumor cell migration through both cerebral and peripheral capillaries. To study tumor cell migration through brain capillaries, male Fisher rats were cannulated via the cisterna magna under pentobarbital anesthesia. RCN9 cells labeled with a fluorescent marker PKH67 were intravenously administered following arachidonic acid administration into the subarachnoid space, and specimens of the central nervous system were collected every 30 min for 8 h. Arachidonic acid increased the fluid volume with elevated white blood cell and RCN9 cell counts. When given 2 h before arachidonic acid administration, pranlukast, but not montelukast, reduced the fluid volume and inhibited white blood cell and RCN9 cell extravasation through the brain capillary. In addition, a Lewis lung carcinoma metastasis model in mice was used to study the inhibitory effect of pranlu kast and montelukast against cancer cell extravasation through general capillaries. When mice were given food containing either pranlukast or montelukast, immediately after paw amputation, tumor metastasis was prevented by both drugs, and their survival was prolonged. These results show that pranlukast can inhibit tumor cell migration through both the brain and peripheral capillaries, whereas montelukast inhibits tumor cell migration only in the peripheral capillaries.
Probabilistic Routing in Opportunistic Ad Hoc Networks (2012)

Routing packets in multi-hop ad hoc wireless networks poses a great challenge mainly due to the unreliability of the wireless links and the inherent interference of the wireless medium [13]. Due to these characteristics, traditional wired routing schemes that select the best path towards a destination and forward the packet to a specific next hop, have proven ill-suited for networks utilizing the wireless medium and relying on lossy broadcast links. Lately, a new routing paradigm, namely opportunistic routing, has been proposed to cope with unreli‐ able transmissions by taking advantage of the broadcast nature and spatial diversity of the wireless medium [2, 6].
Efficacy and safety of olokizumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with an inadequate response to TNF inhibitor therapy: outcomes of a randomised Phase IIb study (2014)

NCT01242488.
Plasminogen activation stimulates an increase in intracellular calcium in human synovial fibroblasts. (1993)

Both plasminogen (Pg) and urinary-type Pg activator (u-PA), but not tissue-type Pg activator (t-PA), bind to normal and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) human synovial fibroblasts in culture with high affinity and in a dose-dependent manner. Single cell intracellular Ca2+ responses to Pg and u-PA were studied using Fura-2 and digital imaging fluorescence microscopy. Pg activation by u-PA on the surface of RA synovial fibroblasts induces a significant rise in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) within 90 s. Pg kringle 4 and the alpha 2,3-linked sialic acid in the carbohydrate chain bound to Thr245 are involved in mediating the increases in [Ca2+]i. This response is not observed in normal synovial fibroblasts, suggesting that RA synovial fibroblasts have altered responses to the binding and activation of Pg on their surfaces.
PAM-based flexible generative topic model for 3D interactive activity recognition (2015)

Interactive activity recognition from the RGB videos still remains a challenge, therefore some existing approaches paid the attention to RGB-Depth video process to avoid problems relating to mutual occlusion and redundant human pose and to improve accuracy of skeleton extraction. From the single action to complex interaction activity, it is necessary an efficient model to describe the relationship of body components between multi-human objects. In this research, the authors proposed a hierarchical model based on the Pachinko Allocation Model for interaction recognition. Concretely, the joint features comprising joint distant and joint motion are calculated from the skeleton position and then support to topic modeling. The probabilistic models describing the flexible relationship between features - poselets - activities are generated by this model. Finally, the Binary Tree of Support Vector Machine is applied for classification. Compared with existing state-of-the-arts, the proposed method outperforms in overall classification accuracy (8-21% approximately) with the SBU Kinect Interaction Dataset.
The Cyberknife: A Frameless Robotic System for Radiosurgery (1997)

The Cyberknife is a unique instrument for performing frameless stereotactic radiosurgery. Rather than using rigid immobilization, the Cyberknife relies on an image-to-image correlation algorithm for target localization. Furthermore, the system utilizes a novel, light-weight, high-energy radiation source. The authors describe the technical specifications of the Cyberknife and summarize the initial clinical experience.
Matrix-assisted filament desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (1998)

We describe an improved sample preparation method for pulsed filament desorption–ionization mass spectrometry. Samples were deposited in the presence of an excess of liquid or solid matrices. Especially with liquid matrices such as glycerol, this allowed stable and reproducible ion production for a variety of compounds, including biomolecules and synthetic polymers. Substances with molecular weights up to 3000 Da could be desorbed, ionized, and detected by time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
Visual representation and characterization of three-dimensional hydrofracturing cracks within heterogeneous rock through 3D printing and transparent models (2016)

The heterogeneity of unconventional reservoir rock tremendously affects its hydrofracturing behavior. A visual representation and accurate characterization of the three-dimensional (3D) growth and distribution of hydrofracturing cracks within heterogeneous rocks is of particular use to the design and implementation of hydrofracturing stimulation of unconventional reservoirs. However, because of the difficulties involved in visually representing and quantitatively characterizing a 3D hydrofracturing crack-network, this issue remains a challenge. In this paper, a novel method is proposed for physically visualizing and quantitatively characterizing the 3D hydrofracturing crack-network distributed through a heterogeneous structure based on a natural glutenite sample. This method incorporates X-ray microfocus computed tomography (μCT), 3D printing models and hydrofracturing triaxial tests to represent visually the heterogeneous structure, and the 3D crack growth and distribution within a transparent rock model during hydrofracturing. The coupled effects of material heterogeneity and confining geostress on the 3D crack initiation and propagation were analyzed. The results indicate that the breakdown pressure of a heterogeneous rock model is significantly affected by material heterogeneity and confining geostress. The measured breakdown pressures of heterogeneous models are apparently different from those predicted by traditional theories. This study helps to elucidate the quantitative visualization and characterization of the mechanism and influencing factors that determine the hydrofracturing crack initiation and propagation in heterogeneous reservoir rocks.
An investigation of some food‐approved polymers as agents to inhibit hydroxyapatite dissolution (2005)

Dental erosion involves dissolution of the hydroxyapatite fraction of enamel and dentine, so agents that reduce the dissolution rate of hydroxyapatite could find application in food products aimed at reducing erosion. This study was performed to test some common food ingredients and additives for their effect on the dissolution rate of hydroxyapatite in a citric acid solution representative of soft drinks. Pyrophosphate, tripolyphosphate and a linear chain polyphosphate (average 25 phosphate units) significantly reduced the hydroxyapatite dissolution rate by 35, 46 and 64%, respectively. Xanthan gum and carboxymethylcellulose significantly reduced the hydroxyapatite dissolution rate by 29 and 16%, respectively. The protective effect may be ascribed to the binding of condensed phosphate or to the formation of an adsorbed layer of gum at the hydroxyapatite surface. Several other common food additives had no statistically significant effect on the hydroxyapatite dissolution rate. Polyphosphate exhibited a considerable persistence of action, causing a reduction in the dissolution rate for 3 h after treatment. Tripolyphosphate was slightly persistent, and pyrophosphate and xanthan gum did not exhibit a substantial persistence of action. A solution containing polyphosphate and xanthan gum reduced the hydroxyapatite dissolution rate by 70% and exhibited a similar persistence of action to the solution containing only polyphosphate. These compounds are suggested to have potential as erosion-reducing agents in soft drinks.
THE AKR THYMIC ANTIGEN AND ITS DISTRIBUTION IN LEUKEMIAS AND NERVOUS TISSUES (1964)

A clear-cut serological differentiation between AKR lymphocytes of thymic and non-thymic origin is reported: these two cell types are antigenically distinct. In newborn mice, the AKR thymic antigen was found at a high concentration only in thymus. In adult mice, the antigen was present at a high level in thymus, all nervous tissues tested, and some leukemias. It was present at much lower levels in lymph node lymphocytes, splenic lymphocytes, appendix, lung, and certain other leukemias, which appeared to be of non-thymic origin. The AKR thymic antigen was present at a high level in thymus and nervous tissues of RF mice, but was absent from thymocytes of sixteen other mouse strains. These sixteen strains possessed the C3HeB/Fe thymic antigen. The distribution of this antigen in neonatal and adult tissues of the strains tested was similar to that of the AKR thymic antigen in AKR mice. No exceptions were found. These results were obtained by use of immune cytolysis, and of a new method for the quantitative treatment of data from absorption experiments.
Dual dopamine/serotonin releasers: Potential treatment agents for stimulant addiction. (2008)

"Agonist therapy" for cocaine and methamphetamine addiction involves administration of stimulant-like medications (e.g., monoamine releasers) to reduce withdrawal symptoms and prevent relapse. A significant problem with this strategy is that many candidate medications possess abuse liability because of activation of mesolimbic dopamine (DA) neurons in the brain. One way to reduce DA-mediated abuse liability of candidate drugs is to add in serotonin (5-HT) releasing properties, since substantial evidence shows that 5-HT neurons provide an inhibitory influence over mesolimbic DA neurons. This article addresses several key issues related to the development of dual DA/5-HT releasers for the treatment of substance use disorders. First, the authors briefly summarize the evidence supporting a dual deficit in DA and 5-HT function during withdrawal from chronic cocaine or alcohol abuse. Second, the authors discuss data demonstrating that 5HT release can dampen DA-mediated stimulant effects, and the "antistimulant" role of 5-HT-sub(2C) receptors is considered. Next, the mechanisms underlying potential adverse effects of 5-HT releasers are described. Finally, the authors discuss recently published data with PAL-287, a novel nonamphetamine DA/5-HT releasing agent that suppresses cocaine self-administration but lacks positive reinforcing properties. It is concluded that DA/5-HT releasers could be useful therapeutic adjuncts for the treatment of cocaine and alcohol addictions, as well as for obesity, attention-deficit disorder, and depression.
DNA adducts of propylene oxide and acrylonitrile epoxide: hydrolytic deamination of 3-alkyl-dCyd to 3-alkyl-dUrd. (1989)

Propylene oxide (PO) and acrylonitrile epoxide (ANO) are 3-carbon epoxides that are direct-acting mutagens. PO is a rodent carcinogen, and ANO has been postulated to be the ultimate carcinogenic form of acrylonitrile (AN). We have studied the reactions of these agents with 2'-deoxynucleosides and in vitro with calf thymus DNA at pH 7.0 to 7.5 and 37 degrees C. PO was reacted with DNA for 10 hr and resulted in the formation of the following 2-hydroxypropyl (HP) adducts: N6-HP-dAdo (1 nmole/mg DNA), 3-HP-Ade (14 nmole/mg DNA), 7-HP-Gua (133 nmole/mg DNA) and 3-HP-dUrd (13 nmole/mg DNA). 3-HP-dUrd was formed after initial alkylation at N-3 of dCyd followed by conversion of the adjacent exocyclic imino group at C-4 to an oxygen (hydrolytic deamination) with the formation of a dUrd adduct. ANO was reacted for 3 hr with calf thymus DNA and yielded N6-(2-hydroxy-2-carboxyethyl-dAdo (N6-HOCE-dAdo) (2 nmole/mg DNA); 1, N6-etheno-dAdo (11 nmole/mg DNA); 7-(2-oxoethyl)-Gua (7-OXE-Gua) (110 nmole/mg DNA); 3-OXE-dThd (1 nmole/mg DNA); and 3-HOCE-dUrd (80 nmole/mg DNA). As with 3-HP-dUrd, 3-HOCE-dUrd resulted from hydrolytic deamination of an initially formed dCyd adduct. A mechanism is proposed for the conversion of 3-alkyl-dCyd to 3-alkyl-dUrd involving intramolecular catalysis by the OH group on the 3-carbon side chain of the adduct.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Embedded Web Server on Nios II Embedded FPGA Platform (2009)

This paper describes implementation of Web server using Altera Nios II embedded IP core, a configurable general purpose embedded RISC processor with embedded peripheral architecture. A Web server is a computer that delivers Web pages to other computers in the network. Every Web server has a unique IP address and possibly a domain name. Any computer can work as Web server by installing server software. The web server with Nios II processor is called the embedded Web server. The embedded Web server is a highperformance embedded Web server, allows users to monitor and control their embedded applications using any standard browser. The embedded Web server can communicate with the Web browser through TCP/HTTP. The user can use a Web browser and typing URL of Web site into that browser user can examine the Web pages. This Web server does not need dedicated high configuration computer. The Web server application is designed using Altera NiosII embedded platform for uploading the information related to department. The results are verified by connecting it through Intranet with in the campus. This is found to be the cheapest best solution with low power consumption for substituting traditional Web servers. With Nios II soft processor approach, designers can create a "perfect fit" in terms of processors, peripherals, memory interfaces, performance characteristics and cost. This is accomplished by using an Altera Cyclone FPGA to create a custom system-on-chip or a system-on-programmable-chip (SOPC). The SOPC designers are benefited with tremendous versatility in product features, performance, cost and life cycle management.
Continuous profiling of magnetotelluric fields (1991)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Metabolic engineering of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> to improve succinic acid production based on metabolic profiling (2014)

We performed metabolic engineering on the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for enhanced production of succinic acid. Aerobic succinic acid production in S. cerevisiae was achieved by disrupting the SDH1 and SDH2 genes, which encode the catalytic subunits of succinic acid dehydrogenase. Increased succinic acid production was achieved by eliminating the ethanol biosynthesis pathways. Metabolic profiling analysis revealed that succinic acid accumulated intracellularly following disruption of the SDH1 and SDH2 genes, which suggests that enhancing the export of intracellular succinic acid outside of cells increases succinic acid production in S. cerevisiae. The mae1 gene encoding the Schizosaccharomyces pombe malic acid transporter was introduced into S. cerevisiae, and as a result, succinic acid production was successfully improved. Metabolic profiling analysis is useful in producing chemicals for metabolic engineering of microorganisms.
Fabrication and optical properties of single-crystal YAG fiber optics (2012)

Single-crystal (SC) fiber optics have been grown for many years for use as passive fibers for the delivery of IR laser radiation and as active fibers useful as minirod lasers. By analogy with doped-YAG, bulk laser crystals it is expected that pure YAG SC fibers would be capable of transmitting extremely high laser energies. In this study we report on the growth of SC yttrium aluminum garnet, Y<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (YAG), fibers from undoped SC YAG source rods using the Laser Heated Pedestal Growth (LHPG) technique. The YAG transmits IR wavelengths up to approximately 4 μm which is a little beyond the transmission range for SC sapphire fibers. The garnet family of crystals is one of the most commonly used oxide crystal hosts for lasing ions in high power solid-state lasers, with the most commercially common laser host being YAG. The optical losses for 400-μm diameter YAG fibers have been measured to be about 1 dB/m at 2.94 μm. The longest length of YAG fiber grown has been about 65 cm.