gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic heterogeneity among blue-cone monochromats. (1993)

Thirty-three unrelated subjects with blue-cone monochromacy or closely related variants of blue-cone monochromacy were examined for rearrangements in the tandem array of genes encoding the red- and green-cone pigments. In 24 subjects, eight genotypes were found that would be predicted to eliminate the function of all of the genes within the array. As observed in an earlier study, the rearrangements involve either deletion of a locus control region adjacent to the gene array or loss of function via homologous recombination and point mutation. One inactivating mutation, Cys203-to-Arg, was found in 15 probands who carry single genes and in both visual pigment genes in one subject whose array has two genes. This mutation was also found in at least one of the visual pigment genes in 1 subject whose array has multiple genes and in 2 of 321 control subjects, suggesting that preexisting Cys203-to-Arg mutations constitute a reservoir of chromosomes that are predisposed to generate blue-cone-monochromat genotypes by unequal homologous recombination and/or gene conversion. Two other point mutations were identified: (a) Arg247-to-Ter in one subject with a single red-pigment gene and (b) Pro307-to-Leu in one subject with a single 5' red-3' green hybrid gene. The observed heterogeneity of genotypes points to the existence of multiple one- and two-step mutational pathways to blue-cone monochromacy.
Metastases to the brain: current management perspectives (2004)

Brain metastases are ten-times more common than primary brain tumors and are a common complication in patients with systemic cancer. The most common sources of brain metastases are lung and breast cancers, although in 15% of patients, the primary site is unknown. Optimal treatment is dependant upon tumor location, size, number of tumors and status of the systemic disease. Currently, management of brain metastases with surgery, radiotherapy and stereotactic radiosurgery is known to improve the quality of life and even life expectancy for selected patients. Techniques under investigation include focal radiation techniques, magnetic resonance imaging guided thermal ablation of metastases, drug delivery modes that bypass the blood-brain barrier and novel drug and molecular therapeutics. Efforts are ongoing to understand the molecular biology of brain metastases.
Beam hardening in x-ray differential phase contrast computed tomography (2011)

The effects of beam hardening have been an issue from the beginning of x-ray computed tomography. Polyenergetic beams are attenuated more at lower energies, resulting in the so-called hardening of the beam. Beam hardening artifacts in diagnostic CT images are a result of data inconsistency in the fundamental imaging equation in conventional absorption CT. In theory, in phase contrast imaging, the fundamental imaging equation is related only to a line integral of electron density, which is energy independent. However, due to unaccounted absorption in the imaging equation for phase contrast, beam hardening artifacts will make their way into phase contrast images. In this work, we use grating based differential phase contrast imaging, which uses a polyenergetic source, and extracts phase information from a set of intensity images. The energy dependence in the imaging equation for differential phase contrast imaging, coupled with the beam hardening present in the measured intensity data, results in beam hardening artifacts in the reconstructed results. We demonstrate the magnitude of the beam hardening effects in phase contrast reconstructions and compare it to standard absorption reconstructions.
In vivo characterization of interleukin‐4 as a potential wound healing agent (1995)

Interleukin-4 increases the synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins, including types I and III collagen and fibronectin, by both human and rat fibroblasts. Because fibroblasts are the final common effector cells of most phases of tissue repair, this study set out to investigate the effects of interleukin-4 on the healing of three different types of wounds. Acute excisional and chronic granulating wounds inoculated with Escherichia coli and incisional wounds in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Recombinant murine or human interleukin-4 was applied topically to the open wounds at doses of 0.1, 1.0, or 10.0 microg/cm(2)/wound for 5 or 10 days. Incisional wounds received the same doses once-at the time of wounding. The time taken to achieve wound closure or wound breaking strength measurements of wounds was recorded and compared with relevant untreated control groups. Wound contraction was impaired in the presence of bacteria, and this was reversed by all doses of recombinant murine interleukin-4. Recombinant murine interleukin-4 had no effect on the wound closure of noncontaminated wounds; it reduced wound breaking strength in acute excisional wounds, except in a contaminated setting when wounds were treated with 1.0 pg/cm(2)/wound. Recombinant interleukin-4 (1.0 microg) improved breaking strength of both diabetic and normal incisional wounds. The apparent pleiotropic effect of interleukin-4 on wound breaking strength under different wound conditions may be related not only to the activity of the fibroblast but also the ratio of cross-linked collagen/total collagen content of wounds. This study suggests that interleukin-4 may be a useful agent for accelerating closure of wounds, particularly where healing is impaired.
Chemically modified surfaces : proceedings of the Fourth Symposium on Chemically Modified Surfaces, Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania, USA, July 31-August 2, 1991 (1992)

Chemical Immobilization in Chemistry (H.A. Mottola). Fractal Surfaces: A Dilemma in the Characterization of Porous Glasses (J.M. Drake, J. Klafter, P. Levitz). Characterization of Chemically Modified Surfaces. Molecular Transport at Silica/Solution Interfaces (J.M. Harris, A.L. Wong, M.L. Hunicutt). The Synthesis, Characterization and Modification of Hydride Silica Surfaces (J.J. Pesek et al.). Probing Chemically Modified Metal/Polymer Interphases Using Sputtered Neutral Mass Spectrometry (T.E. Gentle et al.). A Novel Method for Characterization of Functional Groups on the Surface of Glass (R. Gnanasekaran, T.A. Dang). Solid State NMR Investigations of Saturated and Unsaturated Bonded Phases for High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (K. Albert et al.). Inverse Gas Chromatography of Uncoated and Stearate Coated Calcium Carbonate (J.O. Okonkwo, B.A. Colenutt, C.R. Theocharis). Modification of Polymer Surfaces. Surface Modification of Polymers (D.E. Bergbreiter). Surface vs. Internal Reactivity of Solid Polymers (W.T. Ford). Poly( ether ether ketone ) Surface Chemistry (N.L. Franchina, T.J. McCarthy). Chemical Modification of Silica and Related Studies. The Fluorination of Silica (J.H. Clark et al.). Kinetic Studies of Solution and Gaseous Phase Silylation of Silica Using Variable-Temperature Diffuse Reflectance FTIR Spectroscopy (K.G. Proctor, J.P. Blitz). Polymer Encapsulated Stationary Phases (H. Engelhardt et al.). Gas Adsorption on Silylated Silica (H. Barthel). Anchoring and Reactivity of Ruthenium Tetraammines on Silica and Poly( 4-vinylpyridine ) (M.T. Hoffmann et al.). Chemical Modification of Membranes and Films. Immobilization of Amphiphilic Membranes for the Development of Optical and Electrochemical Biosensors (J.D. Brennan et al.). Novel Supports for the Development of High Stability Fiber-Optic-Based Immunoprobes (K.S. Litwiler et al.). Electrochemical Characterization of Conducting Polymer Containing Molybdenum Sulfide Species (S. Ye, F. Girard, D. Belanger). Chemical Modification of Dielectric Thin Films for Superconductor Applications (B. Yarar, J.H. Ahn, J. Trefny). General Topics on Modification and Characterization of Surfaces. Modification and Surface Characterization of Talc (E. Papirer et al.). Modification of Poly( olefin ) Surfaces by Flame Treatment (E. Papirer et al.). Kinetics and Mechanism of Low-Temperature Oxygen Uptake by Copper-Containing Carbon Molecular Sieves (P.K. Sharma). Abstracts of Unpublished Papers. Author Index.
Influences of the system pressure and the substrate temperature on plasma polymers (1990)

Abstract Plasma polymerizations of aluminium‐acetylacetone (AlAcAc) complex using a magnetically enhanced plasma reaction system were investigated as functions of the system pressure and the substrate temperature. The system pressure and the substrate temperature rather than the RF power played an important role in plasma polymerization reactions. The high system pressure and the high substrate temperature led to bond scission of monomers to yield plasma polymers rich in aluminium moieties. The chemical composition of plasma polymers prepared from AlAcAc complex was discussed from spectroscopic results with FT‐IR and XPS.
Preliminary Evaluation of the Wound Healing Effect of <em>Vitex Doniana</em> Sweet (Verbenaceae) in Mice (2012)

Vitex doniana is traditionally used in Togo to treat various diseases including wounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of Vitex doniana on cutaneous wound healing. Wounds were induced in ICR mice divided into four groups as following: Group I received carbopol 974P NF empty gel, Groups II and III were treated topically with carbopol gel containing 2.5% and 5% of Vitex doniana extract. Group IV received Betadine® 10% as standard drug. The efficacy of treatment was evaluated by planimetry and histological analysis. We secondary used the gel containing Vitex doniana at 2.5% and the pure extract at 10 mg/ml on the model of ear edema induced by xylene. Skin toxicity test was performed with the gel containing Vitex doniana at 5% and the pure extract at 30 mg/ml. Vitex doniana at 5% and 2.5% provided better wound contraction (91.14% and 86.38%) at day 12 post-excision when compared to control (51.15%). The results of histological evaluation supported the outcome of excision wound model. Moreover Vitex doniana inhibited significantly edema induced by xylene when compared to control (p< 0.05). In skin toxicity test, no abnormal symptoms were developed over 14 day-time period. Vitex doniana inhibits the topical inflammation and accelerate cutaneous wound repair.
Meganuclease-Driven Targeted Integration in CHO-K1 Cells for the Fast Generation of HTS-Compatible Cell-Based Assays (2010)

The development of cell-based assays for high-throughput screening (HTS) approaches often requires the generation of stable transformant cell lines. However, these cell lines are essentially created by random integration of a gene of interest (GOI) with no control over the level and stability of gene expression. The authors developed a targeted integration system in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, called the cellular genome positioning system (cGPS), based on the stimulation of homologous gene targeting by meganucleases. Five different GOIs were knocked in at the same locus in cGPS CHO-K1 cells. Further characterization revealed that the cGPS CHO-K1 system is more rapid (2-week protocol), efficient (all selected clones expressed the GOI), reproducible (GOI expression level variation of 12%), and stable over time (no change in GOI expression after 23 weeks of culture) than classical random integration. Moreover, in all cGPS CHO-K1 targeted clones, the recombinant protein was biologically active and its properties similar to the endogenous protein. This fast and robust method opens the door for creating large collections of cell lines of better quality and expressing therapeutically relevant GOIs at physiological levels, thereby enhancing the potential scope of HTS.
Nras and Kras mutation in Japanese lung cancer patients: Genotyping analysis using LightCycler (2007)

Activating mutations of Ras gene families have been found in a variety of human malignancies, including lung cancer, suggesting their dominant role in tumorigenesis. Many studies have showed that the Kras gene is activated by point mutations in approximately 15-20% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), however, there are only a few reports on Nras mutations in NSCLC. We have genotyped Nras mutation status (n=195) and Kras mutation status (n=190) in surgically treated lung adenocarcinoma cases. The presence or absence of Nras and Kras mutations was analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with mutation-specific sensor and anchor probes. EGFR mutation status at kinase domain has already been reported. Nras mutation was found in 1 of 195 patients. This mutation was a G-to-T transversion, involving the substitution of the normal glycine (GGT) with cystein (TGT) and thought to be a somatic mutation. The patient was male and a smoker. Kras mutant patients (11.1%; 21/190) had a significantly worse prognosis than wild-type patients (p=0.0013). Eighty-two EGFR mutations at kinase domain had exclusively Nras or Kras mutations. Although Nras gene mutation might be one of the mechanisms of oncogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma, this was a very rare event. Further studies are needed to confirm the mechanisms of Nras mutations for the sensitivity of molecular target therapy for lung cancer.
The Differential Ability of HLA B<sup>*</sup>5701<sup>+</sup>Long-Term Nonprogressors and Progressors To Restrict Human Immunodeficiency Virus Replication Is Not Caused by Loss of Recognition of Autologous Viral<i>gag</i>Sequences (2003)

Although the HLA B(*)5701 class I allele is highly overrepresented among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs), it is also present at the expected frequency (11%) in patients with progressive HIV infection. Whether B57(+) progressors lack restriction of viral replication because of escape from recognition of highly immunodominant B57-restricted gag epitopes by CD8(+) T cells remains unknown. In this report, we investigate the association between restriction of virus replication and recognition of autologous virus sequences in 27 B(*)57(+) patients (10 LTNPs and 17 progressors). Amplification and direct sequencing of single molecules of viral cDNA or proviral DNA revealed low frequencies of genetic variations in these regions of gag. Furthermore, CD8(+) T-cell recognition of autologous viral variants was preserved in most cases. In two patients, responses to autologous viral variants were not demonstrable at one epitope. By using a novel technique to isolate primary CD4(+) T cells expressing autologous viral gene products, it was found that 1 to 13% of CD8(+) T cells were able to respond to these cells by gamma interferon production. In conclusion, escape-conferring mutations occur infrequently within immunodominant B57-restricted gag epitopes and are not the primary mechanism of virus evasion from immune control in B(*)5701(+) HIV-infected patients. Qualitative features of the virus-specific CD8(+) T-cell response not measured by current assays remain the most likely determinants of the differential abilities of HLA B(*)5701(+) LTNPs and progressors to restrict virus replication.
Humidity Sensors Printed on Recycled Paper and Cardboard (2014)

Research, design, fabrication and results of various screen printed capacitive humidity sensors is presented in this paper. Two types of capacitive humidity sensors have been designed and fabricated via screen printing on recycled paper and cardboard, obtained from the regional paper and cardboard industry. As printing ink, commercially available silver nanoparticle-based conductive ink was used. A considerable amount of work has been devoted to the humidity measurement methods using paper as a dielectric material. Performances of different structures have been tested in a humidity chamber. Relative humidity in the chamber was varied in the range of 35%-80% relative humidity (RH) at a constant temperature of 23 °C. Parameters of interest were capacitance and conductance of each sensor material, as well as long term behaviour. Process reversibility has also been considered. The results obtained show a mainly logarithmic response of the paper sensors, with the only exception being cardboard-based sensors. Recycled paper-based sensors exhibit a change in value of three orders of magnitude, whereas cardboard-based sensors have a change in value of few 10s over the entire scope of relative humidity range (RH 35%-90%). Two different types of capacitor sensors have been investigated: lateral (comb) type sensors and modified, perforated flat plate type sensors. The objective of the present work was to identify the most important factors affecting the material performances with humidity, and to contribute to the development of a sensor system supported with a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) chip directly on the material, for use in smart packaging applications. Therefore, the authors built a passive and a battery-supported wireless module based on SL900A smart sensory tag's IC to achieve UHF-RFID functionality with data logging capability.
Where’s the Silver? Imaging Trace Silver Coverage on the Surface of Gold Nanorods (2014)

The development of the seeded growth synthesis for gold nanorods provided the first simple, convenient wet chemistry route to these nanomaterials. Over the past decade, the original silver-assisted seeded growth procedure has been the subject of further modifications that have continuously expanded access to anisotropic gold nanoparticles; however, the role of silver in formation of gold nanorods remains poorly understood. We report the first experimental evidence on the position of silver present on gold nanorods using advanced energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Our results indicate the deposition of silver ions on the surface shows no preference for a specific face or axis. Furthermore, we show that the "dog bone" structures developed from gold nanorod solutions show preferential deposition of silver atoms on the ends and in the crevices.
Pathogenesis of Experimental <i>Edwardsiella ictaluri</i> Infections in Channel Catfish (<i>Icta lurus punctatus</i>) (1986)

The lesions observed in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) as a consequence of exposure to Edwardsiella ictaluri via gut and water were studied. Channel catfish fingerlings were exposed to 10 10 bacterial cells via the gut and placed in tanks with unexposed fish. Both groups of fish were sampled periodically over a 35-day period. The gut-exposed fish exhibited gross signs of a systemic infection within 2 wk. Enteritis, hepatitis, interstitial nephritis, and myositis, all of which began as acute reactions and developed into chronic lesions, were observed histologically. Some of the contact fish developed systemic infections beginning in the intestine, thus demonstrating horizontal transmission. However, only contact fish developed the characteristic "hole in the head" lesion, which began in the olfactory sac and progressed to a granulomatous meningioencephalitis. These results indicate that both gut and nares are sites of primary infection in natural outbreaks of E. ictaluri.
Automatic Detection of RWIS Sensor Malfunctions (Phase I) (2009)

The overall goal of this project was to develop computerized procedures that detect Road Weather Information System (RWIS) sensor malfunctions. In this phase of the research we applied two classes of machine learning techniques to data generated by RWIS sensors in order to predict sensor malfunctions and thereby improve accuracy in forecasting temperature, precipitation, and other weather-related data. We built models using machine learning methods that employ data from nearby sensors in order to predict likely values of those sensors that are being monitored. A sensor that deviates noticeably from values inferred from nearby sensors indicates that the sensor has begun to fail.\nWe used both classification and regression algorithms in Phase I. In particular, we used three classification algorithms (namely, J48 decision trees, naïve Bayes, and Bayesian networks) and six regression algorithms (that is, linear regression, least median squares, M5P, multilayer perceptron, radial basis function network, and the conjunctive rule algorithm). We performed a series of experiments to determine which of these models can be used to detect malfunctions in RWIS sensors. We compared the values predicted by the various machine learning methods to the actual values observed at an RWIS sensor to detect sensor malfunctions. This report provides an overview of the nine models used and a classification of the applicability of each model to the detection of RWIS sensor malfunctions.
Influence of Internal Calcium Stores on Calcium-Activated Membrane Currents in Smooth Muscle (1993)

Agonist-induced activation of second messenger systems that increase inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate concentration plays an important role in the mobilisation of stored Ca2+ in smooth muscle. Release of Ca2+ which occurs spontaneously or by agonist stimulation causes activation of Ca(2+)-sensitive currents. Experiments using selective modulators of the Ca2+ uptake and release mechanisms of the sarcoplasmic reticulum provide evidence that depletion of the internal Ca2+ store triggers an influx of Ca2+ from the extracellular space. Recent data suggest that pool depletion causes the opening of non-selective cation channels which are possibly similar to those previously designated 'receptor-operated Ca2+ channels'. Ca2+ entry through these channels not only refills the internal Ca2+ pool, but also modulates membrane excitability by stimulating Ca(2+)-activated currents.
Ultraviolet photodecomposition for metal deposition: Gas versus surface phase processes (1983)

Photodecomposition of organometallic gases has been shown to be potentially useful for high resolution direct metal deposition. However, a number of problems, particularly the low writing rates, must first be solved. An understanding of the deposition mechanism is essential to this task. In particular, the decomposition must be shown to occur either in the gas phase or in the adsorbed layer. We show that this question can be resolved by the dependence of the writing rate on spot size. Measurements of the process show that the decomposition occurs in the gas phase. This result is shown to cause inhomogeneous deposition for exposures through masks with varying feature sizes, and effect will be important to future applications.
Throughput Enhancing Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Strategies for Cognitive Radios (2007)

We consider a wireless communication scenario where multiple unlicensed cognitive users seek to access unused frequency channels licensed to the primary users. A main challenge in this case is to design a spectrum sensing strategy that aids the cognitive users acquire the unused spectrum and limits the interference to primary users. Towards addressing this challenge, we propose a cooperative spectrum sensing strategy in which cognitive users collaborate to share their decisions regarding spectrum occupancy of the primary users. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed cooperative sensing strategy which aims to equip all cognitive users with the occupancy information of as many channels as possible, and observe that the proposed cooperative spectrum sensing strategy improves the throughput of the cognitive users and decreases the interference to the primary users as compared to the non-cooperative scheme.
The Prevalence of Autistic Spectrum Disorder in Children Surveyed in a Tertiary Care Epilepsy Clinic (2005)

Though confirmatory diagnostic evaluations are needed, this questionnaire-based study suggests that children with epilepsy are at greater risk of having ASD, and illustrates the need for more clinical vigilance. Behavioral difficulties and daytime sleepiness identified in these children could potentially affect their ability to learn. It is of interest that the age of seizure onset identified in those at greater risk corresponds with the approximate age of regression identified in some children with ASD.