gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stabilization of Indocyanine Green by Encapsulation within Micellar Systems (2009)

Indocyanine green (ICG) is a fluorescence dye that is widely used for near-infrared imaging. Application of this dye is limited by its numerous disadvantageous properties in aqueous solution, including its concentration-dependent aggregation, poor aqueous stability in vitro and low quantum yield. Additionally, ICG is highly bound to nonspecific plasma proteins, leading to rapid elimination from the body with a half-life of 3-4 min. In this study, encapsulation of ICG within various micellar systems was investigated with the aim of overcoming these limitations. The aggregation behavior of different aqueous ICG formulations was studied using cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and absorption spectroscopy. The micellar systems were characterized by their optical properties, particle size distribution, zeta potential and hemolytic activity. Encapsulation efficiency was determined using analytical ultracentrifugation. The best results were achieved for ICG encapsulated within aqueous Solutol HS 15 micelles. This formulation exhibited a lower aggregation behavior, a 3-fold increased quantum yield and high aqueous stability (over 4 weeks) compared to free aqueous ICG. The micelles were found to have an average diameter of 12 nm and a zeta potential close to zero (-2.1 +/- 1.7 mV). Encapsulation efficiency of ICG was high at 95%. The formulation did not display significant hemolytic activity. Consequently, Solutol HS 15 micelles are suitable nanocarriers for ICG which improve the optical properties and stability of the dye.
Pumpkins (1993)

question is this: What about the future of Appalachia? Who will speak for Appalachia during the current administration? We plan to have a series of articles which will take a serious look at the various aspects of Appalachia's future, based upon each author's own expertise. In this issue are three articles written by John Whisman, Bob Connor, and Bill Weinberg. We will have others on Appalachian future outlook in upcoming issues. Pumpkins Vines that grow faster than kudzu, pull down fences and wreck gates; popping up through tall weeds like new planets; heavy as a man and no handles— you need a forklift to load one for the trip to the state fair; come Halloween you take an ax to carve a face in that shell; cut the top off, drop a stone to see if you can hear bottom; you could hide a child in one if you thought he'd get out alive. —David Black ...
Changes in interferon-regulatory factor-1 mRNA levels after transient ischemia in rat brain (1998)

To evaluate whether the interferon system in the brain is activated by a severe form of metabolic stress, and to elucidate the possible mechanism underlying this activation, changes in the interferon regulatory factor-1 (irf-1) mRNA levels were evaluated after transient cerebral ischemia, and after exposure of primary neuronal cells to experimental conditions resulting in a depletion of ER calcium stores. Following 30 min ischemia and 2 h recovery, irf-1 mRNA levels rose significantly and stayed high for up to 24 h of recovery. Irf-1 mRNA levels were also significantly increased in neurons in vitro after exposing cells to conditions resulting in ER calcium store depletion with or without a parallel increase in cytoplasmic calcium activity. It is concluded that transient cerebral ischemia induces activation of the interferon system and that disturbances of ER calcium homeostasis may play a role in this process.
Algae: An Introduction to Phycology (1996)

Algae are ubiquitous; a multitude of species ranging from microscopic unicells to gigantic kelps inhabit the world's oceans, freshwater bodies, soils, rocks, and trees, and are responsible for most of the global production of organic matter by photosynthesis. They thus play a fundamental role in the world's ecosystems and a reliable and modern introduction to their kaleidoscopic diversity, systematics, and phylogeny is indispensable. In this textbook, the main groups of algae (divisions or phyla) are considered in turn. Each chapter begins with a summary of the principal characteristics of the group and interesting aspects of ecology and evolution. The final chapter is a synthesis, in which the phylogeny of the algae is discussed in relation to the evolution of other living organisms, primarily on the basis of evidence from recent molecular studies. This book is the completely revised and updated edition of a highly acclaimed German work, which was heralded for its clarity as well as its breadth and depth of information. This new edition takes into account recent reevaluations in algal systematics and phylogeny provided by the powerful techniques of molecular genetics and electron microscopy, as well as more traditional life history studies. The book will be appropriate as an undergraduate text and as a reference for professionals in the field.
Disproportionation of Low Valent Indium Bromide: Synthesis and Molecular Structure of Bis (2, 6-Dimesityl-Phenyl) Indium Bromide, (2, 6-Mes<sub>2</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>InBr (Mes = 2, 4, 6-Me<sub>3</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>2</sub>). When does Trigonal Planar Become T-Shaped? (1996)

Bis(2, 6-dimesitylphenyl) indium bromide, (2, 6-Mes2 C6 H3 )2 InBr (Mes = 2, 4, 6-Me3 C6 H2 ), I, has been prepared and characterized by 1 H NMR, elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. I may be approached by either
Method for Computing Kinoforms that Reduces Image Reconstruction Error (1973)

An analysis of kinoform image reconstruction error is presented. This analysis considers the effects of the error introduced by the kinoform approximation and the quantization effects of plotting. The error measure developed is applied to a proposed method for computing kinoforms. Numerical results indicate that images produced by this method offer considerable reduction in the error when compared with images produced from kinoforms made with the random phase method.
Prospective Observational Study of Sentinel Lymphadenectomy Without Further Axillary Dissection in Patients With Sentinel Node–Negative Breast Cancer (2000)

Complication rates are negligible after SLND alone. An absence of axillary recurrences supports SLND as an accurate staging alternative for breast cancer and suggests that routine ALND can be eliminated for patients with histopathologically negative sentinel nodes.
CONTACT LOSS BETWEEN RAILWAY TRACK AND SUBGRADE IN VERTICAL PLANE DURING ROADBED RESEARCH (2003)

In the paper a new method of railway subgrade investigation is analysed. Contact loss between track and subgrade in vertical plane is considered. During the roadbed investigations the rail is jacked up using a plate called „VSS”. It is assumed that variable temperatures have influence on the rail which is laid on a curved roadbed. Elasticity of the railway roadbed is calculated. Finally formulas and dependences of various types of track structures are obtained. First Published Online: 26 Jul 2012
An integrated analog correlator using charge-coupled devices (1976)

A 20-stage analog CCD correlator has been constructed on a 42 × 74 mil <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> IC. Four quadrant analog multipliers have been used to combine the voltages from CCD taps to produce a correlation output. Multipliers achieve 1% linearity.
Practical memory checking with Dr. Memory (2011)

Memory corruption, reading uninitialized memory, using freed memory, and other memory-related errors are among the most difficult programming bugs to identify and fix due to the delay and non-determinism linking the error to an observable symptom. Dedicated memory checking tools are invaluable for finding these errors. However, such tools are difficult to build, and because they must monitor all memory accesses by the application, they incur significant overhead. Accuracy is another challenge: memory errors are not always straightforward to identify, and numerous false positive error reports can make a tool unusable. A third obstacle to creating such a tool is that it depends on low-level operating system and architectural details, making it difficult to port to other platforms and difficult to target proprietary systems like Windows. This paper presents Dr. Memory, a memory checking tool that operates on both Windows and Linux applications. Dr. Memory handles the complex and not fully documented Windows environment, and avoids reporting false positive memory leaks that plague traditional leak locating algorithms. Dr. Memory employs efficient instrumentation techniques; a direct comparison with the state-of-the-art Valgrind Memcheck tool reveals that Dr. Memory is twice as fast as Memcheck on average and up to four times faster on individual benchmarks.
Pharmacological actions of a novel NO‐independent guanylyl cyclase stimulator, BAY 41‐8543: <i>in vitro</i> studies (2002)

BAY 41-8543 is a novel, highly specific and so far the most potent NO-independent stimulator of sGC. Here we report the effects of BAY 41-8543 on the isolated enzyme, endothelial cells, platelets, isolated vessels and Langendorff heart preparation. BAY 41-8543 stimulates the recombinant sGC concentration-dependently from 0.0001 microM to 100 microM up to 92-fold. In combination, BAY 41-8543 and NO have synergistic effects over a wide range of concentrations. Similar results are shown in implying that BAY 41-8543 stimulates the sGC directly and furthermore makes the enzyme more sensitive to its endogenous activator NO. In vitro, BAY 41-8543 is a potent relaxing agent of aortas, saphenous arteries, coronary arteries and veins with IC(50)-values in the nM range. In the rat heart Langendorff preparation, BAY 41-8543 potently reduces coronary perfusion pressure from 10(-9) to 10(-6) g ml(-1) without any effect on left ventricular pressure and heart rate. BAY 41-8543 is effective even under nitrate tolerance conditions proved by the same vasorelaxing effect on aortic rings taken either from normal or nitrate-tolerant rats. BAY 41-8543 is a potent inhibitor of collagen-mediated aggregation in washed human platelets (IC(50)=0.09 microM). In plasma, BAY 41-8543 inhibits collagen-mediated aggregation better than ADP-induced aggregation, but has no effect on the thrombin pathway. BAY 41-8543 is also a potent direct stimulator of the cyclic GMP/PKG/VASP pathway in platelets and synergizes with NO over a wide range of concentrations. These results suggest that BAY 41-8543 is on the one hand an invaluable tool for studying sGC signaling in vitro and on the other hand its unique profile may offer a novel approach for treating cardiovascular diseases.
Optimization of the UMTS Network Radio Coverage On-board an Aircraft (2008)

This work forms a small part of the project E-Cab which is financially supported under the European Union 6th Framework Programme (FP6). The E-Cab consortium is made up of 30 partners from 13 countries across Europe. The authors are solely responsible for the contents of the paper which does not represent the opinion of the European Commission.
QoE-driven performance analysis of cloud gaming services (2014)

With the popularity of cloud computing services and the endorsement from the video game industry, cloud gaming services have emerged promisingly. In a cloud gaming service, the contents of games can be delivered to the clients through either video streaming or file streaming. Due to the strict constraint on the end-to-end latency for real-time interaction in a game, there are still challenges in designing a successful cloud gaming system, which needs to deliver satisfying quality of experience to the customers. In this paper, the methodology for subjective and objective evaluation as well as the analysis of cloud gaming services was developed. The methodology is based on a nonintrusive approach, and therefore, it can be used on different kinds of cloud gaming systems. There are challenges in such objective measurements of important QoS factors, due to the fact that most of the commercial cloud gaming systems are proprietary and closed. In addition, satisfactory QoE is one of the crucial ingredients in the success of cloud gaming services. By combining subjective and objective evaluation results, cloud gaming system developers can infer possible results of QoE levels based on the measured QoS factors. It can also be used in an expert system for choosing the list of games that customers can appreciate at a given environment, as well as for deciding the upper bound of the number of users in a system.
Synthesis of Monodisperse Au, Ag, and Au–Ag Alloy Nanoparticles with Tunable Size and Surface Plasmon Resonance Frequency (2011)

A facile method of preparing Au−Ag alloy nanoparticles in organic solvent, with high monodispersity and controlled size from 6 to 13 nm diameter, is described. The localized surface plasmon resonance frequency and size of alloy nanoparticles were controlled by varying both the precursor ratio and surfactant composition. Thus, the plasmon resonance frequency could be tuned by varying composition with little change in particle size.
PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HEMODYNAMIC CHANGES BETWEEN ULTRATHIN TRANSNASAL AND CONVENTIONAL TRANSORAL ESOPHAGOGASTRODUODENOSCOPY IN PERCUTANEOUS ENDOSCOPIC GASTROSTOMY PLACEMENT WITH MODIFIED INTRODUCER METHOD UNDER SEDATION (2011)

No significant differences of hemodynamic changes were seen between transnasal EGD and transoral EGD for the PEG placement with modified Introducer method under sedation. Results show that both methods are tolerable and feasible for PEG placement.
Cucurbit[7]uril Inclusion Complexes of Platinum(II)-based Anticancer Drugs: Further Insight (2010)

Abstract The 1H NMR characterization of the encapsulation of bisplatinum complex CT-3610 by cucurbit[7]uril is reported. The formation of the intermediate monoinclusion complex can be easily detected in the 1H NMR spectrum, and the pD dependence of the equilibrium has also been assessed. No significant differences were observed in cytotoxicity experiments between the free and encapsulated form of CT-3610 on A2780 and cisplatin resistant A2780 human ovarian cancer cell lines.
A new approach to distribution system protection-adaptive relaying (1993)

The authors outline the design of an adaptive relaying system for the distribution network of the City of Saskatoon. Overcurrent and directional overcurrent relays are used to protect the network. Important design aspects of the system are emphasised. The developed software and hardware are described. The scheme, implemented in the Power System Research Laboratory at the University of Saskatchewan, is briefly outlined. Also examined are the consequences of partial and total failure of communications between relays and the station computers, and the station computers and the central computer. Measures to alleviate such situations are discussed.
Medical text representations for inductive learning. (2000)

Inductive learning algorithms have been proposed as methods for classifying medical text reports. Many of these proposed techniques differ in the way the text is represented for use by the learning algorithms. Slight differences can occur between representations that may be chosen arbitrarily, but such differences can significantly affect classification algorithm performance. We examined 8 different data representation techniques used for medical text, and evaluated their use with standard machine learning algorithms. We measured the loss of classification-relevant information due to each representation. Representations that captured status information explicitly resulted in significantly better performance. Algorithm performance was dependent on subtle differences in data representation.
Developing and Sustaining Non-Timber Forest Products (1995)

No abstract available for this article.
An offset-Z search strategy for spread spectrum systems (1995)

A new Z search method is proposed which can significantly improve mean acquisition time when compared with the best previous Z search strategy. The codephase search starts from a position offset from centre of a range which has been determined from a priori information. The proposed search method includes previous Z search strategies as special cases. The distribution and mean of acquisition time have been developed for the proposed search strategies. With minimum mean acquisition time as objective, optimization of the starting position offset has been investigated.
Analysis of Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate Content in Marketed Products and the Caco-2 Permeability of Chondroitin Sulfate Raw Materials (2000)

Objective: The purpose of this report is to evaluate and present the results of analysis of actual contents of several products in the marketplace containing glucosamine and/or chondroitin sulfate and to determine if they significantly deviate from label claim. In addition, the study examined the intestinal transport of several marketed sources of chondroitin sulfate. Methods: A total of fourteen products containing glucosamine hydrochloride or sulfate and eleven products containing chondroitin sulfate were evaluated using a UVHPLC method. In addition, a total of 32 products containing chondroitin sulfate were tested using a titration method. The permeability of various marketed sources of raw materials of chondroitin sulfate across Caco-2 cell monolayers were assessed. This analysis was an attempt to evaluate whether different suppliers of chondroitin sulfate use different grades of material. Results and conclusions: The amounts of glucosamine and chondroitin found after analysis were significantly different from the label claim in some products, with deviations from label claims ranging from as low as 0% to over 115%. Products with a retail price of less than or equal to one dollar per 1200 mg of chondroitin sulfate were found to be seriously deficient in meeting label claim (less than 10% of label claim). The permeability of the different molecular weight chondroitin sulfates was found to be significantly different (p<0.05), with the permeability coefficient increasing with decreasing molecular weight. This suggests that molecular weight of chondroitin sulfate could be a possible predictor of permeability.
Fused Hexacyclic Nonfullerene Acceptor with Strong Near‐Infrared Absorption for Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells with 9.77% Efficiency (2017)

A fused hexacyclic electron acceptor, IHIC, based on strong electron-donating group dithienocyclopentathieno[3,2-b]thiophene flanked by strong electron-withdrawing group 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanone, is designed, synthesized, and applied in semitransparent organic solar cells (ST-OSCs). IHIC exhibits strong near-infrared absorption with extinction coefficients of up to 1.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> m<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>-1</sup> , a narrow optical bandgap of 1.38 eV, and a high electron mobility of 2.4 × 10<sup>-3</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> . The ST-OSCs based on blends of a narrow-bandgap polymer donor PTB7-Th and narrow-bandgap IHIC acceptor exhibit a champion power conversion efficiency of 9.77% with an average visible transmittance of 36% and excellent device stability; this efficiency is much higher than any single-junction and tandem ST-OSCs reported in the literature.
The extension of object-oriented languages to a homogeneous, concurrent architecture (1982)

A homogeneous machine architecture, consisting of a regular interconnection of many identical elements, exploits the economic benefits of VLSI technology. A concurrent programming model is presented that is related to object oriented languages such as Simula and Smalltalk. Techniques are developed which permit the execution of general purpose object oriented programs on a homogeneous machine. Both the hardware architecture and the supporting software algorithms are demonstrated to scale their performance with the size of the system.
The program objects communicate by passing messages. Objects may move about in the system and may have an arbitrary pointer topology. A distributed, on-the-fly garbage collection algorithm is presented which operates by message passing. Simulation of the algorithm demonstrates its ability to collect obsolete objects over the entire machine with acceptable overhead costs. Algorithms for maintaining the locality of object references and for implementing a virtual object capability are also presented.
To insure the absence of hardware bottlenecks, a number of interconnection strategies are discussed and simulated for use in a homogeneous machine. Of those considered, the Boolean N-cube connection is demonstrated to provide the necessary characteristics.
The object oriented machine will provide increased performance as its size is increased. It can execute a general purpose, concurrent, object oriented language where the size of the machine and its interconnection topology are transparent to the programmer.
Keystroke Logging in Writing Research (2013)

Keystroke logging has become instrumental in identifying writing strategies and understanding cognitive processes. Recent technological advances have refined logging efficiency and analytical outputs. While keystroke logging allows for ecological data collection, it is often difficult to connect the fine grain of logging data to the underlying cognitive processes. Multiple methodologies are useful to offset these difficulties. In this article we explore the complementarity of the keystroke logging program Inputlog with other observational techniques: thinking aloud protocols and eyetracking data. In addition, we illustrate new graphic and statistical data analysis techniques, mainly adapted from network analysis and data mining. Data extracts are drawn from a study of writing from multiple sources. In conclusion, we consider future developments for keystroke logging, in particular letter- to word-level aggregation and logging standardization.
PRERIGOR TREATMENT AND ENDPOINT TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON U.S. CHOICE BEEF TENDERNESS (1996)

ABSTRACT Bone and connective tissues at the 12th thoracic vertebra and round/loin junction on one side of each of three U.S. Choice beef carcasses were cut 90 min postmortem (prerigor treatment, Tendercut), while opposite sides served as controls. Effect of prerigor treatment was determined on 10‐day aged Longissimus (LM), Rectus femoris (RF), and Biceps femoris (BF) steaks cooked to different endpoint temperatures (EPT: 65.6, 70.0, 76.7C). Treated RF steaks had higher (less perceptible) connective tissue scores than controls. Myofibrillar and overall tenderness in all treated muscles were not different (P>0.05) than controls. Treated carcasses resulted in lower (P<0.05) Warner‐Bratzler peak force values for LM and longer sarcomeres for all muscles. Tendercut resulted in lower (P < 0.05) values for Lee‐Kramer peak force (LM at 65.6C and 76.7C; RF at 65.6C) and total energy (LM at 70.0C and 76.7C) than controls. Tendercut did not affect the BF at any EPT.
Novel ring resonator-based optical beamformer system and experimental results (2007)

A novel squint-free, continuously tunable beamformer mechanism for a phased array antenna system is proposed. It consists of filter-based optical single-sideband suppressed-carrier modulation, a fully integrated optical beam forming network using cascades of optical ring resonators as tunable delay elements, and balanced coherent optical detection. The proposed system brings advantages in optical bandwidth requirement, system complexity, and dynamic range, without introducing the problem of beam squint or limited tuning resolution. Some experimental results are presented in order to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed concept. 1
Dispatching Shipments at Minimal Cost with Multiple Mode Alternatives (1994)

Journal of Business Logistics, 15, pp. 287-303.