gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
160 Gbit/s clock recovery with electro-optical PLL using bidirectionally operated electroabsorption modulator as phase comparator (2003)

Clock recovery from a 160 Gbit/s data signal is demonstrated using a bidirectionally operated electroabsorption modulator (EAM) as phase comparator. Employing a differential detection scheme, excellent locking stability is achieved. The recovered clock signal allows error-free 160 Gbit/s transmission.
Visual resolution of macaque retinal ganglion cells. (1988)

1. The visual resolving ability of different types of macaque retinal ganglion cells was estimated at different retinal eccentricities, by measuring the amplitude of modulated responses to black-white gratings of spatial frequencies near the resolution limit for each cell. 2. The resolving ability of tonic, spectrally opponent ganglion cells was usually similar to that of phasic, non-opponent ganglion cells at similar eccentricities, except that at eccentricities greater than 10 deg some tonic ganglion cells with remarkably high resolution (up to ca. 15 cycles/deg) were found. Our cell sample was limited within the central 2 deg of the visual field, however. 3. Only a small proportion of phasic ganglion cells showed an increase of mean firing level to gratings near the resolution limit. The maintained firing of tonic ganglion cells was higher than that of phasic ganglion cells. 4. With red-black or green-black gratings, the resolution of phasic ganglion cells was unaffected. For red or green on-centre ganglion cells, a marked deterioration of resolving ability occurred when the grating was of a colour to which a cell responded poorly (green-black gratings for red on-centre cells, and red-black gratings for green on-centre cells). A slight improvement in resolving ability occurred when the grating was of an excitatory colour. 5. For a sub-sample of cells, we compared resolution limit with centre size as determined from area-threshold curves. For both phasic and tonic ganglion cells, resolution limit (the period length just resolved) was about half the centre diameter, as is the case for cat ganglion cells. This implies that the centre sizes of phasic and tonic monkey ganglion cells are similar at most eccentricities. 6. We attempt to relate these results to primate retinal anatomy and visual resolution, determined behaviourally.
Non-immunosuppressive triazole-based small molecule induces anticancer activity against human hormone-refractory prostate cancers: the role in inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and c-Myc signaling pathways (2016)

A series of triazole-based small molecules that mimic FTY720-mediated anticancer activity but minimize its immunosuppressive effect have been produced. SPS-7 is the most effective derivative displaying higher activity than FTY720 in anti-proliferation against human hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). It induced G1 arrest of cell cycle and subsequent apoptosis in thymidine block-mediated synchronization model. The data were supported by a decrease of cyclin D1 expression, a dramatic increase of p21 expression and an associated decrease in RB phosphorylation. c-Myc overexpression replenished protein levels of cyclin D1 indicating that c-Myc was responsible for cell cycle regulation. PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways through p70S6K- and 4EBP1-mediated translational regulation are critical to cell proliferation and survival. SPS-7 significantly inhibited this translational pathway. Overexpression of Myr-Akt (constitutively active Akt) completely abolished SPS-7-induced inhibitory effect on mTOR/p70S6K/4EBP1 signaling and c-Myc protein expression, suggesting that PI3K/Akt serves as a key upstream regulator. SPS-7 also demonstrated substantial anti-tumor efficacy in an in vivo xenograft study using PC-3 mouse model. Notably, FTY720 but not SPS-7 induced a significant immunosuppressive effect as evidenced by depletion of marginal zone B cells, down-regulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors and a decrease in peripheral blood lymphocytes. In conclusion, the data suggest that SPS-7 is not an immunosuppressant while induces anticancer effect against HRPC through inhibition of Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathwaysthat down-regulate protein levels of both c-Myc and cyclin D1, leading to G1 arrest of cell cycle and subsequent apoptosis. The data also indicate the potential of SPS-7 since PI3K/Akt signalingis responsive for the genomic alterations in prostate cancer.
Microcalorimeter for measuring heat of straining or destraining of sheetlike materials (1974)

A gas-filled microcalorimeter is described. This instrument can be used to measure the simultaneous work and heat phenomena during uniaxial straining or destraining of thin sheetlike materials. The average accuracy of the heat-flow measurements of 0.1 mW or higher is about ± 10%. The same accuracy applies for heat measurements of 2 mJ or greater in the case of 1–2 min deformation experiments.
Target presputtering effects on stoichiometry and deposition rate of Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films grown by dc magnetron sputtering (1988)

Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films have been grown from stoichiometric compound targets using dc magnetron sputtering. Initially, the film composition was strongly off-stoichiometric and the deposition rate very low. However, after extensive presputtering, stoichiometric films, with respect to the metal content, were deposited at a rate of 2–2.5 Å/s. The long presputtering time (20–30 h) needed is due to a slowly changing oxygen content on the target surface. This is caused not only by preferential sputtering effects, but also by bulk diffusion in the target. The presputtering time is significantly decreased if the target is annealed in an argon atmosphere prior to use. Oxygen adsorbed on the target surface during venting of the chamber will also affect the process significantly.
Dispersion estimation from linear array data in the time-frequency plane (2005)

We consider the problem of estimating the dispersion of a wave field from data recorded by a linear array of geophones. The fact that the data we are looking at may contain several propagating waves make this even more challenging. In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed to solve this issue. Currently, there are two methods for estimating wave dispersion described in the literature. The first method estimates the group delay function from the time-frequency representation (TFR) of each sensor separately. It is efficient as long as the patterns of the different waves do not overlap in the time-frequency plane. The second method estimates the dispersion from the two-dimensional (2-D) Fourier transform of the profile (or more generally from a velocity-frequency representation). This assumes that the dispersion is constant along the entire sensor array. It is efficient as long as the patterns of the waves do not overlap in the frequency domain. Our method can be thought of as a hybrid of the above two methods as it is based on the construction of a TFR where the energy of waves that propagate at a selected velocity are amplified. The primary advantage of our algorithm is the use of the velocity variable to separate the patterns of the propagating waves in the time-frequency plane. When applied to both synthetic and real data, this new algorithm gives much improved results when compared with other standard methods.
Changes of Serum Hepatitis C Virus Levels in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Treated with Two Courses of Interferon Administration. (1994)

To assess the efficacy of repeated interferon (IFN) administration in patients with chronic hepatitis C unresponsive to initial therapy, serum hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA levels were measured in 12 patients who had failed prior IFN therapy. Serum HCV-RNA was assayed by measuring DNA complementary to HCV-RNA using a quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay. The mean total dose of IFN was 227.8 mega-units for first treatment and 270.7 mega-units for second treatment. Five responders with a normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentration (less than 40 IU/liter) at the end of the first treatment also had a normal ALT concentration at the end of the second treatment. By contrast, all nonresponders with an elevated ALT concentration during the first treatment likewise had an elevated ALT concentration at the end of the second treatment. HCV-RNA levels before the first treatment varied from 10(6) to 10(8) copies/microliters. The serum HCV-RNA levels fell in 9 out of 10 patients after the first treatment and in 11 out of 12 patients after the second treatment. One patient had unchanged normal serum ALT levels after two courses of IFN treatment. These results suggested that the outcome of a second course of IFN treatment was similar biochemically and virologically to a first course, and that patients who did not respond initially seldom respond to additional IFN therapy. Therefore, readministration of IFN should be restricted to patients who respond biochemically and virologically to initial treatment. The optimal second dose shall be determined with further studies.
Toward Stable Genetic Engineering of Human <i>O-</i>Glycosylation in Plants    (2012)

Glycosylation is the most abundant and complex posttranslational modification to be considered for recombinant production of therapeutic proteins. Mucin-type (N-acetylgalactosamine [GalNAc]-type) O-glycosylation is found in eumetazoan cells but absent in plants and yeast, making these cell types an obvious choice for de novo engineering of this O-glycosylation pathway. We previously showed that transient implementation of O-glycosylation capacity in plants requires introduction of the synthesis of the donor substrate UDP-GalNAc and one or more polypeptide GalNAc-transferases for incorporating GalNAc residues into proteins. Here, we have stably engineered O-glycosylation capacity in two plant cell systems, soil-grown Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Bright Yellow-2 suspension culture cells. Efficient GalNAc O-glycosylation of two stably coexpressed substrate O-glycoproteins was obtained, but a high degree of proline hydroxylation and hydroxyproline-linked arabinosides, on a mucin (MUC1)-derived substrate, was also observed. Addition of the prolyl 4-hydroxylase inhibitor 2,2-dipyridyl, however, effectively suppressed proline hydroxylation and arabinosylation of MUC1 in Bright Yellow-2 cells. In summary, stably engineered mammalian type O-glycosylation was established in transgenic plants, demonstrating that plants may serve as host cells for the production of recombinant O-glycoproteins. However, the present stable implementation further strengthens the notion that elimination of endogenous posttranslational modifications may be needed for the production of protein therapeutics.
Cobalt-Catalyzed C–H Cyanation of (Hetero)arenes and 6-Arylpurines with<i>N</i>-Cyanosuccinimide as a New Cyanating Agent (2015)

A cobalt-catalyzed C-H cyanation reaction of arenes has been developed using N-cyanosuccinimide as a new electrophilic cyanating agent. The reaction proceeds with high selectivity to afford monocyanated products with excellent functional group tolerance. Substrate scope was found to be broad enough to include a wide range of heterocycles including 6-arylpurines.
Resonant transmission of a class of sub-wavelength apertures in thin conducting screen (2008)

In this paper, we have examined the resonant transmission of a class of sub- wavelength apertures such as a ridged circular aperture and a narrow rectangular slot in thin infinite conducting screen. The transmitted power for varying the ridge gap and the slot length for these apertures, respectively, has been compared with the transmission cross section of the apertures to check out the relationship between them, and the admittance of the apertures have been computed to validate the resonant behavior of them. It turns out that the transmitted power of an electrically small aperture at a resonance converges to the transmission cross section of 3/4pi square wavelengths independent of its shape and size as long as the aperture size is sufficiently small compared to the wavelength.
The expression of angiogenin in tissue samples of different brain tumours and cultured glioma cells. (2000)

Our data suggest that angiogenin may contribute to the malignant transformation of gliomas and could perhaps advise that the physiological role of angiogenin is not restricted exclusively to angiogenesis. Based on these findings the clinical importance of angiogenin for therapeutic decisions in malignant brain tumours remains unclear and further analyses on m-RNA-levels are required.
Nonmechanical Laser Beam Steering Based on Polymer Polarization Gratings: Design Optimization and Demonstration (2015)

We present a wide-angle, nonmechanical laser beam steerer based on polymer polarization gratings with an optimal design approach for maximizing field-of-regard (FOR). The steering design offers exponential scaling of the number of steering angles, called suprabinary steering. The design approach can be easily adapted for any 1-D or 2-D (e.g, symmetric or asymmetric FOR) beam steering. We simulate a system using a finite difference and ray tracing tools and fabricate coarse beam steerer with 65° FOR with ~8° resolution at 1550 nm. We demonstrate high optical throughput (84%-87%) that can be substantially improved by optimizing substrates and electrode materials. This beam steerer can achieve very low sidelobes and supports comparatively large beam diameters paired with a very thin assembly and low beam walk-off. We also demonstrate using a certain type of LC variable retarder that the total switching time from any steering angle to another can be 1.7 ms or better.
3-D studio production of animated actor models (2005)

A framework for construction of detailed animated models of an actor's shape and appearance from multiple view images is presented. Multiple views of an actor are captured in a studio with controlled illumination and background. An initial low-resolution approximation of the person's shape is reconstructed by deformation of a generic humanoid model to fit the visual hull using shape constrained optimisation to preserve the surface parameterisation for animation. Stereo reconstruction with multiple view constraints is then used to reconstruct the detailed surface shape. High-resolution shape detail from stereo is represented in a structured format for animation by displacement mapping from the low-resolution model surface. A novel integration algorithm using displacement maps is introduced to combine overlapping stereo surface measurements from multiple views into a single displacement map representation of the high-resolution surface detail. Results of 3-D actor modelling in a 14 camera studio demonstrate improved representation of detailed surface shape such as creases in clothing compared to previous model fitting approaches. Actor models can be animated and rendered from arbitrary views under different illumination to produce free-viewpoint video sequences. The proposed framework enables rapid transformation of captured multiple view images into a structured representation suitable for realistic animation.
Modification of fibrinogen with poly(ethylene glycol) and its effects on fibrin clot characteristics (2001)

The suitability of existing topical fibrin glue preparations for tissue sealing or local drug delivery applications is greatly limited by their poor mechanical properties and the limited capacity of fibrinogen (Fgn) to actively bind growth factors or other therapeutic agents. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) offers potential solutions to these problems by providing a mechanism for increasing the number of crosslinks between adjacent fibrin monomer molecules or for covalently crosslinking Fgn to therapeutic agents. The feasibility of this approach requires the full biological activity, or clottability, of PE glycolated Fgn. This study characterizes the clot characteristics of Fgn modified to varying degrees with monofunctional succinimidyl propionate PEG (5000 Da). The data indicate that, although thrombin clotting times are significantly altered, Fgn maintains 90% of its capacity to clot upon the addition of up to 5 PEG/Fgn. Further derivatization significantly decreases the Fgn clottability. The addition of up to 5 PEG/Fgn has little, if any, effect on the kinetics of degradation by plasmin. The results suggest that limited modification of Fgn with lysine-reactive PEG allows therapeutic enhancement of fibrin glues.
Polylactide Degradation by an Amycolatopsis sp (1997)

By applying the plate count and clear-zone methods, it was confirmed that polylactide (PLA)-degrading microorganisms are sparsely distributed in soil environments. An Amycolatopsis isolate was successfully isolated. Microbial degradation of PLA film was demonstrated; i.e., about 60% of the 100-mg film initially added was degraded by the strain after 14 days of liquid culture.
Back-Face Only Electrical Connections of Thickness Mode Piezoelectric Transducers (1986)

The radiation patterns of disk transducers connected in a recently reported novel manner by Laughlin, Drews, and Wilson is studied. In this connection, the back-face plating of a transducer is divided into two electrodes which constitute the only transducer-to- transceiver connection, and a dual-beam radiation pattern resulted. However, we found that repolarizing one half of the transducer re- stored a single beam pattern. This method of connection and regionally repolarizing the piezoelectric transducer appears highly advantageous for use in fabrication of both miniature transducers and various trans- ducer arrays (e.g., linear, annular, and matrix).
Bit-synchronous polarization and phase modulation improves the performance of optical amplifier transmission systems (2005)

Summary form only given. Polarization scrambling at the transmitter's bit rate provides the optimal trade-off between low- and high-speed scrambling. In addition bit-synchronous polarization/phase scrambling improves the transmission performance by increasing the eye opening. This new technique has allowed us to demonstrate 100 Gbit/s transmission of transoceanic distances.
Overview of the Eighth Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-8). (1999)

The Eighth Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-8)... This paper serves as an introduction to the research described in detail in the remainder of the volume. It concentrates on the main task, ad hocretrieval, which is defined in the next section. Details regarding the test collections and evaluation methodology used in TREC follow in sections 3 and 4, while section 5 provides an overview of the ad hoc retrieval results. In addition to the main ad hoc task, TREC-8 contained seven &quot;tracks,&quot; tasks that focus research on particular subproblems of text retrieval. Taken together, the tracks represent the bulk of the experiments performed in TREC-8. However, each track has its own overview paper included in the proceedings, so this paper presents only a short summary of each track in section 6. The final section looks forward to future TREC conferences.
Uraemic sarcopenia: aetiology and implications (2013)

The term uraemic myopathy has been used loosely to describe the skeletal muscle abnormalities in uraemic patients. However, it does not fully explain the observed abnormalities as recent research has documented a normal skeletal muscle physiology in the presence of reduced muscle force, selective structural changes and significant muscle wasting. Ageing is associated with sarcopenia (muscle wasting) and an increase in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which accelerates the normal physiological muscle wasting. Similar to sarcopenia, muscle wasting in uraemic patients appears to be the hallmark of the disease and its aetiology is multifactorial with hormonal, immunologic and myocellular changes, metabolic acidosis, reduced protein intake and physical inactivity. Uraemic sarcopenia presents a high probability for morbidity and mortality and consequently a high priority for muscle wasting prevention and treatment in these patients. Perhaps, the use of the term 'uraemic sarcopenia' would provide recognition by the renal community for this devastating problem. The purpose of this review is to relate the findings of the recent publications that describe abnormalities in uraemic skeletal muscle to the possible pathogenesis of muscle wasting and its consequences in patients with CKD.
Design and validation of DNA probe sets for a comprehensive interphase cytogenetic analysis of acute myeloid leukemia (1996)

The objective of this study was to design DNA probe sets that enable the detection of chromosome aberrations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by interphase cytogenetics using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and to compare the results of interphase cytogenetics with those of conventional chromosome banding analysis. One hundred five consecutive patients with adult AML entered on a multicenter treatment trial were studied with a comprehensive set of DNA probes recognizing the most relevant AML-associated structural and numerical chromosome aberrations: translocations t(8;21), t(15;17), and t(11q23); inversion inv(16);chromosomal deletions (5q-, 7q-, 9q-, 12p-, 13q-, 17p-, and 20q-); and chromosomal aneuploidies. Interphase cytogenetics was particularly sensitive for detecting the AML-specific gene fusions: 3 additional cases of inv(16) and 1 additional case of t(8;21) were identified by FISH that were missed by banding analysis, whereas equal numbers of t(11q23) and t(15;17) were detected. Five additional cases of trisomy 8q, 3 more cases of trisomy 11q, and 2 more cases of trisomies 21q and 22q were shown by FISH. These aberrations were either masked in complex karyo-types or identified in cases in which conventional banding analysis failed. On the other hand, the DNA probes selected were not informative to detect 1 case of 5q-, 9q-, and 20q-. In 5 cases, clonal aberrations were detected on banding analysis for which no FISH probes were selected. In conclusion, interphase cytogenetics proved to be more sensitive for detecting AML-specific chimeric gene fusions and some partial trisomies. Interphase cytogenetics provides a powerful technique complementary and, with further development of diagnostic DNA probes, even an alternative to chromosome banding studies for the cytogenetic analysis of AML.
Specialist Committees and University Education (1966)

T hese two reports go well together. The first is a report from the House of Commons Committee on Procedure which advocates an extension of the existing activities of the Estimates Committee by the creation of a Select Committee to investigate and report on the way in which Government departments are carrying out their responsibilities, and the second an example of the kind of thing the Estimates Committee is at present doing within its existing terms of reference.
1330 Fundamental Study of Drive Control of Hydrogen Storage Alloy Mover Film (2008)

Hydrogenation operated bending motion device, which was a platinum coated LaNi_5 hydrogen storage alloy film deposited on a polyimide sheet at elevated temperatures, had been successfully developed. When the substrate temperature was 373K, the strain (Δε) was 550ppm, which displacement was 1.8 times larger than that (300ppm) at room temperature (323k). LaNi_5 alloy thin films were prepared by DC magnetron sputtering process at different substrate temperatures from 323K to 525K and different Ar gas pressure from 0.4 Pa to 1.0 Pa. As a result, the bending motion after 10000s, there sample expressed different bending motion strain at each DC magnetron sputtering process.