gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Micro-Vacuum Arc Thruster with Extended Lifetime (2009)

This paper presents a new configuration of vacuum arc thruster with an aim to extend operational lifetime. Rotation of the cathode spot as a result of an applied magnetic field is demonstrated leading to uniform plasma generation and the possibility of long duration operation. It is shown that a magnetic field leads to an increase in the thruster output by a factor of fifty. Kinetic simulations of the thruster are performed. Simulated results are in good agreement with experimental observation. configuration of vacuum arc thruster belonging to the MVAT family designed by adapting the advantages of VAT 4 . In order to provide efficient plasma transport, obtain highly directional plume and to preserve high ion velocity contained in cathodic spot we propose to use a curved magnetic field. Special assembly of 12 single probes was used to measure the temporal evolution of the ion current distribution outside the thruster channel. This paper also describes the initial numerical analysis of the thruster. The primary goal of this exercise was to demonstrate the feasibility of the numerical approach. Based on the results, we demonstrate that the proposed new configuration of MVAT is a good candidate for micro-propulsion. Potential applications of the vacuum arc thruster will be discussed.
Exploiting virus-like particles as innovative vaccines against emerging viral infections (2017)

Emerging viruses pose a major threat to humans and livestock with global public health and economic burdens. Vaccination remains an effective tool to reduce this threat, and yet, the conventional cell culture often fails to produce sufficient vaccine dose. As an alternative to cell-culture based vaccine, virus-like particles (VLPs) are considered as a highpriority vaccine strategy against emerging viruses. VLPs represent highly ordered repetitive structures via macromolecular assemblies of viral proteins. The particulate nature allows efficient uptake into antigen presenting cells stimulating both innate and adaptive immune responses towards enhanced vaccine efficacy. Increasing research activity and translation opportunity necessitate the advances in the design of VLPs and new bioprocessing modalities for efficient and cost-effective production. Herein, we describe major achievements and challenges in this endeavor, with respect to designing strategies to harnessing the immunogenic potential, production platforms, downstream processes, and some exemplary cases in developing VLP-based vaccines.
Insulin-like growth factors and thecal-granulosa-cell function (1990)

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) belong to a family of low mol. wt, single chain polypeptides inducing growth promotion and insulin-like metabolism effects and regulating both cell replication and differentiation. Recent studies in laboratory animals suggest that IGFs play an important role as intraovarian regulators in several mammalian species. The purpose of this article was to review current concepts of interactions between the IGFs and the thecal-granulosa-cell function. To provide a basic understanding of these interactions, we have first analysed data concerning biosynthesis, biochemical structure, pharmacokinetics, degradation, binding proteins and receptors for IGFs. Then we have discussed the specific interactions between IGFs and theca-granulosa-cell regulation, and analysed the significance of the relationship to the pathophysiology of some endocrine and reproductive disorders, including hyperandrogenism and female infertility.
Comparison of NMR water proton T<sub>1</sub> relaxation times of rabbit tissues at 24 MHz and 2.5 MHz (1980)

The ratios between T1 relaxation times at 24 MHz and 2.5 MHz for most of the rabbit tissues lie in the range 1.9 to 2.2. However, among the rabbit tissues certain distinct types were found to have T1 ratios different from those of the general range. In particular this is true of muscle and nervous tissue. The ratios for most striated muscles lie in the range 2.7 to 3.1. However, the range for smooth muscle, 2.0 to 2.2, is very similar to that of the majority of other tissues, whilst the ratio for cardiac muscle, 2.5+or-0.11, lies between the extremes of the other major muscle types. For nervous tissues the ratios are, in general, considerably below 2.0. Spinal cord has a ratio of 1.43+or-0.1; medulla oblongata (1.66+or-0.16), cerebellum (1.75+or-0.02) and the white matter of the cerebral hemisphere (possibly with some contaminating grey matter) (1.77+or-0.08) lie intermediate between the values for spinal cord and the grey matter of the cerebral hemisphere, this latter being 2.00+or-0.01. Other variations were noticeable, for example, the difference in the ratio seen between bile and blood serum and the low ratio of the salivary gland.
The Chemical Behavior of Low Valence Sulfur Compounds. III. Production of Ammonium Sulfamate by the Oxidation of Ammonium Thiosulfate (1970)

Abstract The oxidation of ammonium thiosulfate with compressed oxygen in aqueous ammonia solution was examined. It was found that ammonium sulfamate and ammonium sulfate are mainly produced and a small amount of nitrite and imidodisulfonate obtained in the final solution. The most suitable conditions to produce ammonium sulfamate from ammonium thiosulfate industrially are as follows: reaction temperature 100°C, oxygen pressure 50 kg/cm2, concentration of ammonia 16 mol/l, concentration of cupric ion 0.1–0.2 mol/l. The electrolytic oxidation, hydrogen peroxide oxidation and ozone oxidation of ammonium thiosulfate were also examined.
Bioactivation of dapsone to a cytotoxic metabolite: in vitro use of a novel two compartment system which contains human tissues. (1990)

1. A two compartment system, comprising two adjacent teflon chambers separated by a semi-permeable membrane, has been devised with which to investigate the generation of drug metabolites that are toxic to human cells in vitro. 2. Compartment A contained a drug-metabolising system (human liver microsomes +/- NADPH) and compartment B contained target cells (human mononuclear leucocytes). The semi-permeable membrane retained protein (m.w. greater than 10,000) but allowed equilibration (within 1 h) of drug and drug metabolites, during which time cells remained viable. 3. Incubation of dapsone (100 microM) with human microsomal protein (2 mg ml-1) and NADPH (1 mM) in compartment A caused cell death (8.7 +/- 1.8%) in compartment B, which was reduced significantly (P less than 0.05) by the addition of glutathione (500 microM). Dapsone in the absence of NADPH was not cytotoxic. 4. Chemical analysis showed the presence of dapsone hydroxylamine as the only stable metabolite in both compartment A (5.2 +/- 0.4% incubated drug) and compartment B (3.5 +/- 0.5%). 5. Irreversible binding of dapsone to cells was significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced by omission of NADPH (85 +/- 13 pmol/10(6) cells) or addition of glutathione (103 +/- 9) compared with control values (153 +/- 51).
LiNbO <sub>3</sub> -quartz-LiNbO <sub>3</sub> composite delay line with zero linear temperature coefficient of delay (1974)

A bonded composite consisting of LiNbO3-quartz-LiNbO3 is shown to have zero linear temperature coefficient of delay (t.c.d.) for acoustic surface waves. The quartz is a rotated y-cut crystal with propagation along the x direction providing a small negative linear t.c.d. that offsets the positive contribution from the surface-wave propagation in the LiNbO3.
A new space-frequency-time block coded OFDM scheme for broadband wireless communications (2004)

In this paper, a new scheme for space-frequency-time block coded OFDM system is presented. In the proposed scheme, we considered a combination of high order space-time code with OFDM utilizing joint diversity of space-frequency-time over frequency selective fading channels to provide high quality of transmission for broadband wireless communications. Numerical results are provided for evaluating the performance of several forms of the proposed system.
Skeletal unloading inhibits the in vitro proliferation and differentiation of rat osteoprogenitor cells (1997)

Loss of weight bearing in the growing rat decreases bone formation, osteoblast numbers, and bone maturation in unloaded bones. These responses suggest an impairment of osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. To test this assumption, we assessed the effects of skeletal unloading using an in vitro model of osteoprogenitor cell differentiation. Rats were hindlimb elevated for 0 (control), 2, or 5 days, after which their tibial bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were harvested and cultured. Five days of hindlimb elevation led to significant decreases in proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (AP) enzyme activity, and mineralization of BMSC cultures. Differentiation of BMSCs was analyzed by quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction of cDNA after 10, 15, 20, and 28 days of culture. cDNA pools were analyzed for the expression of c-fos (an index of proliferation), AP (an index of early osteoblast differentiation), and osteocalcin (a marker of late differentiation). BMSCs from 5-day unloaded rats expressed 50% less c-fos, 61% more AP, and 35% less osteocalcin mRNA compared with controls. These data demonstrate that cultured osteoprogenitor cells retain a memory of their in vivo loading history and indicate that skeletal unloading inhibits proliferation and differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells in vitro.
Autoimmunity to a 28–30 kD cell membrane DNA binding protein: occurrence in selected sera from patients with SLE and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) (1991)

Previous experiments have established the presence of a 30-kD DNA binding protein on the surface of human leukocytes. Herein we report that selected sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and MCTD are reactive with a 28-30 kD protein on immunoblots of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cell membrane preparations; the reactivity is abolished by prior incubation of the blot with DNA. Antibodies eluted from the 28-30 kD strip inhibited the binding of 3H. DNA to human PBMC. An immunomatrix of 28-30 kD reactive immunoglobulins was able to extract a 29-kD DNA binding protein from a PBMC cell membrane preparation. Flow cytometry experiments confirmed the cell surface IgG reactivity of sera with T lymphocytes. Additional experiments indicated that cell surface IgG binding was not due to antibodies binding to cell surface DNA, DNA anti-DNA immune complexes reacting with a DNA binding protein, anti-histone antibodies or anti-Sm antibodies. It is hypothesized that this autoimmune response could be one component of an idiotypic network involving anti-DNA antibodies.
Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease (2006)

A major shift has occurred in the understanding of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, myocardial dysfunction, and other important cardiovascular diseases. Traditional thinking conceived of atherosclerosis as a bland lipid storage disease. However, the current thinking regarding this and other cardiovascular disorders recognizes an important role for biological processes such as inflammation and its inextricably linked companion, oxidative stress, in their pathogenesis. This emerging story of inflammation as a unifying hypothesis for the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases has swept through contemporary cardiology and now stands on the threshold of clinical fruition by the application of biomarkers. Currently converging clinical and experimental evidence has pointed to specific participants in atherothrombosis as potential novel biomarkers. Although currently there is a lack of sufficient evidence to support wide-scale changes in clinical practice based on the application of inflammatory biomarkers, the next several years should witness critical tests of the inflammatory hypothesis in the clinic that may prove useful in modifying the management of both individuals without manifest cardiovascular disease and those with established cardiovascular disorders. This rapid adoption of the concept of inflammation by practitioners furnishes an example of how fundamental laboratory research may change clinical practice and improve patient outcomes when translated to practice.
Distinct effects of bFGF and PDGF on oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (1993)

We have compared the effects of platelet-derived (PDGF) and basic fibroblast (bFGF) growth factors on the shape, migration, and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, the precursors of myelin-forming cells in the CNS. In the presence of bFGF, oligodendrocyte progenitors purified from rat neonatal brain cultures were stellate, non-motile, and had a morphological complexity of 1.26 +/- 0.03 as measured by fractal dimension (D). These cells expressed transcripts encoding the POU-homeodomain transcription factor Oct-6, but not myelin genes. Upon addition of PDGF, bFGF-treated cells became motile and twofold less complex in shape (D = 1.19 +/- 0.03). These changes occurred within 6 +/- 4 h and were dependent on de novo transcription and translation, but not DNA synthesis. Upon removal of PDGF the cells reverted to their stellate shape (D = 1.26). Removal of both bFGF and PDGF resulted in oligodendrocyte differentiation after 3 days, with a fourfold increase in complexity of shape (D = 1.55 +/- 0.08), loss of Oct-6 transcripts, and gain of myelin transcripts. Thus PDGF is both necessary and sufficient to induce a motile state in progenitor cells growing in the presence of bFGF. Together with our previous data (McKinnon et al.: Neuron 5:603, 1990), our results suggest that bFGF and PDGF may control distinct phases of proliferation and migration of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in vivo.
Kr/Xe Separation over a Chabazite Zeolite Membrane (2016)

Herein we demonstrate that chabazite zeolite SAPO-34 membranes effectively separated Kr/Xe gas mixtures at industrially relevant compositions. Control over membrane thickness and average crystal size led to industrial range permeances and high separation selectivities. Specifically, SAPO-34 membranes can separate Kr/Xe mixtures with Kr permeances as high as 1.2 × 10 (-7) mol/m(2) s Pa and separation selectivities of 35 for molar compositions close to typical concentrations of these two gases in air. In addition, SAPO-34 membranes separated Kr/Xe mixtures with Kr permeances as high as 1.2 × 10 (-7) mol/m(2) s Pa and separation selectivities up to 45 for molar compositions as might be encountered in nuclear reprocessing technologies. Molecular sieving and differences in diffusivities were identified as the dominant separation mechanisms.
Incidence of atherosclerotic arterial occlusive accidents in predialysis and dialysis patients: a multicentric study in the Ile de France district (1999)

Incidence of atherosclerotic CV accidents is nearly three times higher in uraemic patients than in the general population in the same age range in both genders. The fact that incidence and age at onset of first MI was similar in predialysis and in dialysed patients suggests that the uraemic state per se is a main determinant of such accelerated atherosclerosis.
Utilization of Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Wood Hemicelluloses by Microorganisms for Production of Liquid Fuels (1983)

Hemicellulose-derived sugars were obtained from a variety of pretreated wood substrates such as water-soluble fractions from steam-exploded aspen, solvent-extracted aspen, and commercial xylan. These fractions were enzymatically hydrolyzed by commercial enzyme preparations and by the culture filtrates of eight highly cellulolytic fungi. The sugars released were assayed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Over 30% of the hemicellulose fractions, at a 10% substrate concentration, could be hydrolyzed to monosaccharides. These hemicellulose hydrolysates were used as the substrates for growth of Clostridium acetobutylicum and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Comparatively low butanol values were obtained with C. acetobutylicum, although over 50% of the hemicellulose fraction, at a 1% substrate concentration, could be converted to 2,3-butanediol, ethanol, and acetic acid by K. pneumoniae.
Faster secure computation through automatic parallelization (2015)

Secure two-party computation (TPC) based on Yao's garbled circuits has seen a lot of progress over the past decade. Yet, compared with generic computation, TPC is still multiple orders of magnitude slower. To improve the efficiency of secure computation based on Yao's protocol, we propose a practical parallelization scheme. Its advances over existing parallelization approaches are twofold. First, we present a compiler that detects parallelism at the source code level and automatically transforms C code into parallel circuits. Second, by switching the roles of circuit generator and evaluator between both computing parties in the semi-honest model, our scheme makes better use of computation and network resources. This inter-party parallelization approach leads to significant efficiency increases already on single-core hardware without compromising security. Multiple implementations illustrate the practicality of our approach. For instance, we report speed-ups of up to 2.18 on 2 cores and 4.36 on 4 cores for the example application of parallel modular exponentiation.
Nanotoxicity of Graphene and Graphene Oxide (2014)

Graphene and its derivatives are promising candidates for important biomedical applications because of their versatility. The prospective use of graphene-based materials in a biological context requires a detailed comprehension of the toxicity of these materials. Moreover, due to the expanding applications of nanotechnology, human and environmental exposures to graphene-based nanomaterials are likely to increase in the future. Because of the potential risk factors associated with the manufacture and use of graphene-related materials, the number of nanotoxicological studies of these compounds has been increasing rapidly in the past decade. These studies have researched the effects of the nanostructural/biological interactions on different organizational levels of the living system, from biomolecules to animals. This review discusses recent results based on in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity and genotoxicity studies of graphene-related materials and critically examines the methodologies employed to evaluate their toxicities. The environmental impact from the manipulation and application of graphene materials is also reported and discussed. Finally, this review presents mechanistic aspects of graphene toxicity in biological systems. More detailed studies aiming to investigate the toxicity of graphene-based materials and to properly associate the biological phenomenon with their chemical, structural, and morphological variations that result from several synthetic and processing possibilities are needed. Knowledge about graphene-based materials could ensure the safe application of this versatile material. Consequently, the focus of this review is to provide a source of inspiration for new nanotoxicological approaches for graphene-based materials.
A Multicomponent Reaction for the One-Pot Synthesis of 4-Aza-2,3-didehydropodophyllotoxin and Derivatives (2002)

[reaction: see text] A convergent method has been found to prepare 4-aza-2,3-didehydropodophyllotoxin and derivatives in a one-pot procedure. The mechanism of the reaction between tetronic acid, anilines, and benzaldehydes is discussed.
Vaccines for Pancreatic Cancer (2012)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) remains a highly lethal disease; new therapeutic modalities are urgently needed. A number of immunotherapies tested in preclinical models have shown promise. Early-phase clinical trials have demonstrated evidence of immune activation that in some cases correlates with clinical response. Moreover, recent evidence delineates the intricate role of inflammation in PDA, even at its earliest stages. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is thus ripe for immunotherapy; however, significant challenges remain before success can be realized. Future studies will need to focus on the discovery of novel PDA antigens and the identification of the multiple immune suppressive pathways within the PDA tumor microenvironment that inhibit an effective PDA-targeted immune response. Technologies are now available to rapidly advance discovery. Rapid translation of new discoveries into scientifically driven clinical trials testing combinations of immune agents will likely continue to shift the procarcinogenic tumor environment toward the most potent anticancer response.
Causes of Cervical Cancer in the Philippines: a Case-Control Study (1998)

As has been shown for squamous cell carcinoma, HPV is the central cause of adenocarcinoma/adenosquamous carcinoma of the uterine cervix. The observed associations of less prevalent HPV types with cervical cancer have important implications for cervical cancer prevention strategies.
Principle of High-Speed Digital Subtraction Echography and the Potential for Clinical Applications (1991)

To improve time and spatial resolution of echography, we have developed a High-speed Digital Subtraction Echography. The principle is serial image subtraction of successive frames of high-speed B-mode echograms. This system elucidated: 1) initial myocardial contraction originating from the pacing point of an experimental ventricular premature contraction (VPC) in dogs. Substantially the same initial contraction appeared from the VPC focus in a human patient. 2) Local elasticity of arterial wall was assessed as the systolic fine radial extension. 3) Utilizing echoic particles in blood, the streamlines were also visualized.
Rheology of Surfactant Solutions (1985)

Etude du module de cisaillement et du temps de relaxation en fonction de l'agent de surface, de l'exces de sel et d'additif, de l'ion antagoniste et de la temperature (etude de chlorures et salicylates d'alkyl-1 pyridiniums et d'alkyl trimethyl ammoniums avec addition de sels de sodium)
Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a new class of 2-oxo-8-azaspiro (4,5)decan-1-ones as analogues of the muscarinic agonist RS-86. (1993)

A new series of 8-substituted-2-oxo-8-azaspiro (4,5)decan-1-ones has been synthesized and compounds tested for their cholinergic properties in comparison with the muscarinic agonist RS-86. Preliminary in vitro and in vivo pharmacological data indicate that none of them is provided with significant cholinergic effects either at central or peripheral level. A possible explanation for the lack of activity is given on the basis of conformational studies.
Heavy metal gettering in buried nitride silicon-on-insulator structures (1988)

Using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry the redistribution and gettering of implanted gold was investigated in silicon-on-insulator structures produced by high-dose nitrogen implantation. The gettering efficiency of a structure annealed at 1000°C containing a highly damaged silicon region near to the buried compound layer is more pronounced than that of a 1200°C-annealed structure with a lightly damaged silicon top layer. Gettering takes place at the interregion between silicon and silicon nitride.