gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PRECISION CLEANING OF SEMICONDUCTOR SURFACES USING CARBON DIOXIDE-BASED FLUIDS (1999)

The Los Alamos National Laboratory, on behalf of the Hewlett-Packard Company, is conducting tests of a closed-loop CO{sub 2}-based supercritical fluid process, known as Supercritical CO{sub 2} Resist Remover (SCORR). We have shown that this treatment process is effective in removing hard-baked, ion-implanted photoresists, and appears to be fully compatible with metallization systems. We are now performing experiments on production wafers to assess not only photoresist removal, but also residual surface contamination due to particulate and trace metals. Dense-phase (liquid or supercritical) CO{sub 2}, since it is non-polar, acts like an organic solvent and therefore has an inherently high volubility for organic compounds such as oils and greases. Also, dense CO{sub 2} has a low-viscosity and a low dielectric constant. Finally, CO{sub 2} in the liquid and supercritical fluid states can solubilize metal completing agents and surfactants. This combination of properties has interesting implications for the removal not only of organic films, but also trace metals and inorganic particulate. In this paper we discuss the possibility of using CO{sub 2} as a precision-cleaning solvent, with particular emphasis on semiconductor surfaces.
Measurement (2002)

Abstract This article discusses the following topics: History of software measurement Definition and goals of software measurement Types of software models and measures Examples of descriptive and predictive models and measures Measurement methodology Measurement was an important activity from the earliest examples of computer programming. Early programs were often developed to perform repetitive calculations such as computing firing tables for military applications; to implement numerical methods for solving mathematical problems; to process business transactions and update files; and to develop systems software such as device drivers, assemblers, compilers, and operating systems. The measures of interest were specific to the program, and were strongly influenced by the resource limitations of the times. Programmers were concerned mostly with implementing the program correctly, improving the execution speed of their programs, and conserving limited fast memory on the machines. By the time of the influential conference at Garmisch, Germany, which introduced the term “software engineering” in 1968, the scope of software measurement had increased. For example, discussions at the conference reflect that the properties of productivity and reliability were recognized, along with the context of developing software by a group of people rather than an individual. Continuing from the late 1960s, through the 1970s and early 1980s, software measurement was marked by selected instances of progress. However, the measurement goals were neither explicit nor comprehensive. Progress since 1985 or so has brought software measurement to a more mature state with the following characteristics of this nature state are defined.
The Enzymic Condensation of a Thiol Ester-Type Carboxyl-activated Acylamino Acid with an Amino Acid Amide to Form a Peptide<sup>*</sup> (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Enzymic Condensation of a Thiol Ester-Type Carboxyl-activated Acylamino Acid with an Amino Acid Amide to Form a Peptide*Robert M. Metrione and Robert B. JohnstonCite this: Biochemistry 1964, 3, 4, 482–485Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1964https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00892a003RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (482 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Application Of Fractal Texture Analysis To Segmentation Of Dental Radiographs (1989)

This work discusses the development of an image segmentation algorithm that utilizes fractional Brownian motion as a fractal texture model. Additionally a second feature, the correlation coefficient of the regression analysis associated with the fractal dimension computation, is also used to assess which regions of the radiograph are well described by the fractional Brownian motion model and hence, are more likely to be bone. The resulting three dimension feature space consisting of the local fractal dimension, radiograph intensities and regression analysis correlation coefficient was partitioned to identify each pixel of the radiographs as being either bone, teeth, or a boundary between these entities. The results obtained in this study indicate the potential utility of a textural based algorithm for segmentation of dental radiographs.
New Tumor Suppressor Gene Captured (1993)

Article MetricsDownloadsCitationsNo data available.012JulAugSepOctNovDec210Total6 Months12 MonthsTotal number of downloads for the most recent 6 whole calendar months.
Pressure Effect of Emission Spectra in Alkali Halide Crystals Containing Tl<sup>+</sup>–Ions (1977)

Emission and excitation spectra of KCl:Tl, KBr:Tl, KI:Tl, NaCl:Tl and NaBr:Tl have been measured up to 36 kbar at room temperature. In the case of potassium halide, when the host crystal is transformed from the NaCl-type to the CsCl-type structure by applied pressure, the emission spectra show a discontinuous blue shift and grow significantly on their high energy sides, resulting in the overlap of the excitation and emission spectra. In the case of NaCl:Tl, the excitation and emission spectra also partially overlap each other with increasing pressure. It is discussed that the parameter S of Haung and Rhys in the Tl + -center decrease with increasing pressure.
A Testis-specific Transcription Factor IIA (TFIIAτ) Stimulates TATA-binding Protein-DNA Binding and Transcription Activation (2000)

The general transcription factor IIA (TFIIA) stimulates RNA polymerase II-specific transcription by stabilizing the association of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) with promoter DNA, inhibiting repressors of TBP, and facilitating activator-dependent conformational changes in the preinitiation complex. TFIIA is encoded by two genes (alphabeta and gamma) that are highly conserved between human and yeast. Here, we report the molecular cloning of a novel human gene that shares significant sequence similarity to the evolutionarily conserved amino- and carboxyl-terminal domains of TFIIAalphabeta. The TFIIA-related protein (TFIIAtau) was cloned from a testis-specific cDNA library, and its mRNA is expressed predominantly in testis tissue as determined by expressed sequence tag data base analysis and Northern blotting analysis. The TFIIA complex reconstituted with the testis-specific subunit, TFIIA (tau+gamma), formed the TFIIA-TBP-TATA DNA (T-A) and TFIIA-TFIIB-TBP-TATA DNA (TAB) complexes indistinguishably from TFIIA (alphabeta+gamma). TFIIA (tau+gamma) supported basal and activated transcription for most activators in reactions reconstituted with TFIIA-depleted nuclear extracts. However, TFIIA (tau+gamma) was reduced relative to TFIIA (alphabeta+gamma) for stimulating transcription with at least one activator, suggesting that these two forms of TFIIA have activator specificity. These results suggest that TFIIAtau may be important for testis-specific transcription regulation.
Seismic data compression (1990)

An investigation of low-rate seismic data compression using transform techniques is presented. This study concentrates on discrete orthogonal transforms such as the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), the discrete cosine transform (DCT), the Walsh-Hadamard transform (WHT), and the Karhunen-Loeve transform (KLT). Uniform and subband transform coding schemes are implemented, and comparative results are given for data rates ranging from 150 to 550 b/s. Results are also compared with existing linear prediction techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A digital FDD transceiver system for 900 MHz ISM band applications (2002)

A digital frequency division duplex transceiver system is presented which is suitable for 900 MHz portable wireless applications including cordless telephone. The system consists of four ICs including a low noise amplifier, a receiver, a transmitter and a baseband IC. Features include 118 dB of receiver dynamic range, 0 dBm transmitter output power and a continuously variable slope delta modulation baseband codec. The transmitter, LNA and receiver utilize the MOSAIC(TM) V RF silicon bipolar process while the baseband chip utilizes a 0.65 /spl mu/m BICMOS process.
Studies on preparation of long circulating mitoxantrone liposomes with transmembrane ammonium sulfate gradients (2002)

OBJECTIVE To investigate the preparation of the lo ng circulating mitoxantrone liposomes with ammonium sulphate gradients method an d to evaluate the quality of the liposomes.METHODS The long circulating mitoxantrone liposomes were prepared by ammonium sulphate gradients method. The amphipathic polyethylene glycol distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG DSPE) was added to modify the membrane of the liposomes. Ultraviolet spec trophotometry was utilized to determine the drug entrapping efficiency of liposo mal mitoxantrone. Electroscopy and laser particle analyzer were applied to deter mine the size of mitoxantrone miposomes.RESULTS The mean dia meter of the long circulating mitoxantrone liposomes was 60 nm, with the entrapp ing efficiency of 93.65%.The liposomes had perfect shape.CONCLUSION The liposomes with high entrapping efficiency and small particle size co uld be prepared by ammonium sulphate gradients method, which is applied easily.
Performance improvements of large‐scale video servers by video segment allocation (2004)

Abstract As large‐scale commercial video‐on‐demand services develop, the creation of large‐scale video servers that can provide video to over 10,000 terminals is needed. A large‐scale video server distributes and stores video in segments using striping technology on many hard disks. Segment duplication is an effective way to improve the performance of video servers, but unless the allocation of segments to several hard disks is appropriate, retrieval requests become concentrated on a particular hard disk, and retrieval delays result. Thus, in this paper the authors describe a method to find a segment allocation that improves video server performance, including the number of retrieval streams and response time, and without creating retrieval delays, by taking into consideration the allocation to hard disk of video segments stored in a video server. In the authors' method, segments to be duplicated are determined and an allocation found by solving a limited satisfaction problem using the access probability for segments. Based on simulation experiments, the authors confirmed that their method was able to create a segment allocation which allowed for better retrieval performance than allocation methods used in the past. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 35(4): 27–35, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/scj.10187
The Ins and Outs of CCR7 in the Thymus (2004)

Although it is widely supposed that chemokines play a role in the thymus, most existing evidence is circumstantial. In this issue, two groups provide direct evidence that the chemokine receptor CCR7 is required for normal thymocyte migration (Ueno, T., F. Saito, D. Gray, S. Kuse, K. Hieshima, H. Nakano, T. Kakiuchi, M. Lipp, R. Boyd, and Y. Takahama. 2004. J. Exp. Med. 200:493-505; Misslitz, A., O. Pabst, G. Hintzen, L. Ohl, E. Kremmer, H. T. Petrie, and R. Forster. 2004. J. Exp. Med. 200:481-491). The two papers focus on distinct and opposite migration events, an early outward migration and a later inward migration. Together these papers provide a fascinating picture of the complex role of CCR7 in orchestrating thymocyte migration.
Contention-aware scheduler (2008)

In multithreaded programming, locks are frequently used as mechanism for synchronization. Because today's operating systems do not consider lock usage as scheduling criterion, scheduling decisions can be unfavorable to multithreaded applications, leading to performance issues such as convoying and heavy lock contention in systems with multiple processors. Previous efforts to address these issues (e.g., transactional memory, lock-free data structure) often treat scheduling decisions as a fact of life, and therefore these solutions try to cope with the consequences of undesirable scheduling instead of dealing with the problem directly. In this paper, we introduce Contention-Aware Scheduler (CA-Scheduler), which is designed to support efficient execution of large multithreaded Java applications in multiprocessor systems. Our proposed scheduler employs scheduling policy that reduces lock contention. As will be shown in this paper, our prototype implementation of the CA-Scheduler in Linux and Sun HotSpot virtual machine only incurs 3.5% runtime overhead, while the overall performance differences, when compared with system with no contention awareness, range from degradation of 3% in small multithreaded benchmark to an improvement of 15% in large Java application server benchmark.
The Common Cold—Principles of Judicious Use of Antimicrobial Agents (1998)

Most children will suffer between 3 and 8 colds per year, and over half of patients seen for the common cold are given an antimicrobial prescription. Unnecessary antimicrobial therapy can be avoided by recognizing the signs and symptoms that are part of the usual course of these diseases. Controlled trials of antimicrobial treatment of the common cold are reviewed. These trials consistently fail to show that treatment changes the course or outcome. Furthermore, antimicrobial therapy for patients with viral rhinosinusitis is not an effective way to prevent bacterial complications. Mucopurulent rhinitis (thick, opaque, or discolored nasal discharge) frequently accompanies the common cold and is part of the natural course of viral rhinosinusitis. It is not an indication for antimicrobial treatment unless it persists without improvement for &gt;10 to 14 days.
Frequency domain adaptive learning feedforward control (2002)

A learning feedforward control (LFFC) acts as an "add-on" element to an existing feedback controller (FBC). The LFFC signal is updated iteratively based on the output of a B-splines network (BSN), with the FBC signal of previous iteration as its input. There are only two parameters to tune: the B-spline support width d and the learning gain /spl gamma/. Frequency stability analysis requires that d should be greater than a minimum value d/sub min/, which determines a cutoff frequency of the low pass learning filter. Using a fixed support d for all iterations and for all time at each iteration may be conservative and the actual feedforward signal may in fact contain frequencies higher than the cutoff frequency determined by d. This is the case when there are hard nonlinearities in the system. A frequency domain adaptive scheme is proposed in this paper where d is a time function and changes from iteration to iteration. A time-frequency representation (TFR) of feedback signal is constructed using WVD (Wigner-Ville distribution) and then its first order time moment is used to obtain the time-varying support d(t) via an iterative updating scheme based on the difference of the windowed tracking error root mean squares between two previous iterations. Detailed design procedures are given.
Objectives, Design and Recruitment of a Familial and Longitudinal Cohort for Studying Gene-Environment Interactions in the Field of Cardiovascular Risk: The Stanislas Cohort (1998)

The main objective of the Stanislas cohort is to study the role and the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to cardiovascular status. We plan: a) to describe the degree of association of a large number of cardiovascular risk indicators with cardiovascular endpoints, b) to evaluate the contribution of genetic and that of environmental factors to this association, c) to follow the evolution of these risk indicators during a period of at least ten years, d) to search for the determinants influencing this evolution. The principal variables studied are: a) blood pressure, cardiac mass, and wall thickness of carotid and femoral arteries, b) obesity and fat mass, c) indicators of lipid metabolism, d) genetic polymorphisms of several cardiovascular risk candidate genes, e) food, tobacco and alcohol consumption, f) consumption of drugs and anti-oxidant vitamins. Between September 1993 and August 1995, 1006 families consisting of the two biological parents with at least two children were recruited totalling 4295 individuals. This cohort will be followed up until 2004. There will be two health examinations five and ten years after the initial examination. A bank of blood samples (serum and plasma) in liquid nitrogen and DNA (-80 degrees C) has been established.
Study of interaction of polystyrene sulfonate with polymerization degree of 8 and polyallylamine with bilayer lipids membranes (2012)

Interaction of polystirolsulphonate with polymerization degree of 8 (PSS-8) and polyallylamin PAA (molecular mass 60 kilodaltons) with viruses from bloodline of paramixo- and orthomixoviruses by the example of measles virus, parotitis and flu leads to the decreasing of infective activity. The possible mechanism of viral inhibitive action of these chemical compounds is damaging of interfacial antigenic proteins of paramixo- and orthomixoviruses. In this study it was detected the change of surface tension of bilayer lipid membrane in the presence of PSS-8 and PAA. The change of surface tension leads to disorder in viral proteins adsorption in bilayer lipid membrane. This process could lead to disorder of juncture and self-assembly of virions.
Evaluating the Reliability of <i>Structure</i> Outputs in Case of Relatedness between Individuals (2007)

ABSTRACT Inference of population structure from neutral marker loci is a key issue for association genetics. However, the presence of highly related individuals, commonly observed in breeders' panels, may lead to deviation from model hypotheses and therefore unreliable group assignment. The present note proposes a tool to help interpret Structure software outputs on populations that include highly related individuals, such as plant breeding material. We ran Structure software on simple sequence repeat (SSR) data from two maize ( Zea mays L. ssp. mays ) inbred panels. We propose a criterion to evaluate Structure stability based on Euclidian distance between outputs. This approach shows a high stability across runs for the panel composed of first cycle inbred lines. On the contrary, the presence of highly related individuals in the second panel induces strong instability in Structure outputs.
On-farm feed uniformity survey (1991)

An on-farm feed manufacturing survey was conducted in conjunction with a mixer uniformity analysis. The survey collected information on producer size and type of operation, mixer type, manufacturing practices, and feed production. The survey represents 43 participants from across the U.S. Results indicate that 42% of the participants had mixer uniformity coefficients of variation of less than 10%, 47% were between 10-20%. and 11 % had CV's greater than 20%.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 21, 1991
Malawi economic monitor : adjusting in turbulent times (2015)

The Malawi economic monitor (MEM) provides an analysis of economic and structural development issues in Malawi. The aim of the publication is to foster better informed policy analysis and debate regarding the key challenges that Malawi faces in its endeavors to achieve high rates of stable, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth. The focus of the special topic is on the effectiveness of public spending on primary education and the means by which this can be improved. With more than half of Malawi’s population under the age of 18, the country faces significant challenges in its efforts to provide quality education to a growing population of students. Malawi also faces ongoing fiscal pressures, so there is a need to find ways to maximize the development impact within the limits of the finite resources available for investment in education. The MEM consists of two parts: part one presents a review of recent economic developments and a macroeconomic outlook. Part two focuses in greater depth on a special, selected topic relevant to Malawi’s development prospects.
Indicator-Loaded Permeation-Selective Microbeads for Use in Fiber Optic Simultaneous Sensing of pH and Dissolved Oxygen (2006)

New materials are described that lead to sensors capable of simultaneous sensing of pH and oxygen via a single-fiber optic sensor. They make use of a pH probe based on carboxyfluorescein, and of a ruthenium(II) complex acting as a probe for dissolved oxygen. The selectivity of the probes was considerably improved by incorporating them into two kinds of microparticles, each of specific permeation selectivity. The pH probe was immobilized on particles made from proton permeable amino-modified poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate), while the oxygen probe was physically immobilized in beads made from an organically modified sol−gel. Both kinds of beads were then dispersed into a hydrogel matrix and placed at the distal end of an optical fiber waveguide for optical interrogation. A phase-modulated blue-green LED serves as the light source for exciting luminescence whose average decay times or phase shifts serve as the analytical information. Data are evaluated by a modified dual luminophore referencing (m-DLR) method which relates the phase shift (as measured at two different frequencies) to pH and to oxygen partial pressure. The dually sensing material performs best if the sensing matrix is very homogeneous and if the microbeads have a diameter of <3 μm.
Cloud Boundary Statistics during FIRE II (1995)

An 8-mm wavelength radar, 3-mm wavelength radar, and 10.6-µm wavelength lidar operated side by side in vertically pointing mode during the First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE II). This data collection mode yielded detailed information on distribution of cloud and cloud boundaries as a function of altitude. Statistics on the location of cloud boundaries during the FIRE II experiment indicate that cloud bases tended to form at two discrete levels centered around 2.5 and 7.5 km, cirrus cloud tops formed most frequently at 9.5 km and cloud thickness were usually 2 km or less. The atmosphere had the highest incidence of cloudiness at 8.5 km AGL, with a secondary maximum at an altitude of 3.5 km AGL. The incidence of cloudiness fell off rapidly between 8 and 11 km; there was also a distinct minimum in cloudiness at 2 km AGL. The diurnal variation of upper-level cloud base and top heights was about 1.0 km AGL, with the highest bases and tops occurring at 0500 UTC and the lowest bases and tops occurring at 1500 UTC. Co-occurring cloud layers (two or more simultaneous layers) were common, with the condition of a single cloud layer accounting for only 40% of the observation period.