gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional expression of a pseudohypoaldosteronism type I mutated epithelial Na+ channel lacking the pore-forming region of its α subunit (1999)

The autosomal recessive form of type I pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA-I) is an inherited salt-losing syndrome resulting from diminution-of-function mutations in the 3 subunits of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC). A PHA-I stop mutation (alpha(R508stop)) of the ENaC alpha subunit is predicted to lack the second transmembrane domain and the intracellular COOH-terminus, regions of the protein involved in pore function. Nonetheless, we observed a measurable Na+ current in Xenopus laevis oocytes that coexpress the beta and gamma subunits with the truncated alpha subunit. The mutant alpha was coassembled with beta and gamma subunits and was present at the cell surface at a lower density, consistent with the lower Na+ current seen in oocytes with the truncated alpha subunit. The single-channel Na+ conductance for the mutant channel was only slightly decreased, and the appearance of the macroscopic currents was delayed by 48 hours with respect to wild-type. Our data suggest novel roles for the alpha subunit in the assembly and targeting of an active channel to the cell surface, and suggest that channel pores consisting of only the beta and gamma subunits can provide significant residual activity. This activity may be sufficient to explain the absence of a severe pulmonary phenotype in patients with PHA-I.
Unimodalität und Unimodalitätstests (1996)

'Kennzahlen spielen in der Beschreibung von Daten eine wichtige Rolle, wobei der Mittelwert als Lageparameter die beliebteste Kennzahl ist. Die Aussagekraft des arithmetischen Mittels sinkt allerdings gravierend, wenn die Verteilung etwa U-förmig oder allgemeiner, mehrgipfelig ist. Klassierte Daten lassen sich auch in Histogrammen darstellen. Ob aus ihrer Darstellung aber auf die der Population zugrunde liegende Verteilung geschlossen werden kann, hängt häufig von der gewählten Intervalleinteilung ab. Keines der gängigen Statistik-Lehrbücher beschreibt einen für die Frage nach der Unimodalität angemessenen Test. Überraschend ist auch, daß keines der großen Statistikpakete einen solchen Test anbietet. Alles, was man findet, sind Tests, bei denen die Anpassung an eine fest vorgegebene Verteilung vorgenommen wird. Um die grundsätzliche Wichtigkeit der Thematik in das Blickfeld der empirischen Sozialwissenschaften zu rücken, beschrieben die Autoren einen wenig bekannten Test auf Unimodalität, den sogenannten DIP-Test. Anhand von Skalenwerten wird das Vorgehen erläutert.' (Autorenreferat)
IL-31 Is Overexpressed in Lichen Planus but Its Level Does Not Correlate with Pruritus Severity (2015)

Pruritus is a very common symptom of LP. For the first time we have demonstrated that IL-31 is overexpressed in the lesional skin of LP but its expression does not correlate with intensity of pruritus.
The throughput of an LDPC-based incremental-redundancy scheme over block-fading channels (2003)

INcremental-Redundancy (INR) is a form of hybrid ARQ where the receiver asks the transmitter for additional parity bits when decoding is not successful. This technique is particularly useful in time-selective fading channels, since it implements variable-rate adaptive transmission with a very simple feedback binary channel, where the feedback messages are positive or negative acknowledgments (ACK and NACK, respectively). In this work an information-theoretic analysis of the achievable throughput and delay of INR over block-fading channels for random binary codes and for low-density parity-check (LDPC) binary linear codes.
Interaction of anionic surfactants with gelatin: viscosity effects (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInteraction of anionic surfactants with gelatin: viscosity effectsJ. Greener, B. A. Contestable, and M. D. BaleCite this: Macromolecules 1987, 20, 10, 2490–2498Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00176a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00176a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views832Altmetric-Citations108LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
WirelessUSB: a low power, low latency and interference immune wireless standard (2006)

WirelessUSB is built upon the premise that a complex and heavy networking protocol is not necessary for simple point-to-point and multi point-to-point applications like PC mice, keyboards, and sensor networks. WirelessUSB is a standard that fills this gap between Zigbee, Bluetooth, and proprietary point-to-point 2.4 GHz wireless technologies by providing a lightweight, low-latency protocol with interference immunity. In this paper, we propose and evaluate the WirelessUSB protocol. We use ns-2 based simulations to demonstrate the effectiveness of WirelessUSB in various network scenarios. In order to show the interference immunity of WirelessUSB, we implement trace-based models of cordless phones and microwave ovens. Our performance results indicate that WirelessUSB outperforms Bluetooth in terms of packet delivery ratio, latency, power consumption, and interference immunity
Immunopotentiation and pregnancy loss. (1989)

To test the hypothesis that immunopotentiation of the maternal immune system is beneficial for the developing embryo, we examined (1) the effect of specific preimmunization with paternal leucocytes in women and BALB/c splenocytes in CBA/J x DBA/2J mice (which show increased % fetal resorption) and (2) the influence of non-specific potentiators such as complete Freund's adjuvant and thymus humoral factor on the abortion rate in CBA/J mothers. Subsequent pregnancy was successful in 76% of habitually aborting women after immunization with paternal leucocytes. Immunization of CBA/J mice with complete Freund's adjuvant (2 foot-pad injections) decreased the resorption rate (11.3% vs 34.9% without treatment). The effect was followed by a slight decrease of the L3H4-positive lymphocyte subpopulation in the spleen but not in the draining lymph nodes, as measured by flow cytometry analysis. The amount of Lyt-2 positive lymphocytes was not changed as a result of treatment. Thymus humoral factor did not influence the abortion rate in CBA/J females mated with DBA/2J male mice. Our results show that non-specific stimulation of the maternal immune system by complete Freund's adjuvant can improve reproductive success in allogeneic mice with increased pregnancy loss. The exact mechanism of this improvement is still unclear but it seems that systemic cellular mechanisms are not responsible for the effect.
Effect of Levofloxacin on Theophylline Clearance During Theophylline and Clarithromycin Combination Therapy (2001)

OBJECTIVE:To report a case of decreased theophylline clearance by the addition of levofloxacin in a patient receiving theophylline and clarithromycin.CASE SUMMARY:A 59-year-old Japanese man who was receiving theophylline for emphysema experienced stimulation, insomnia, and tachycardia due to theophylline toxicity after clarithromycin and levofloxacin were added to the regimen. The combination of these agents resulted in a decrease in theophylline clearance to approximately 60% of the initial value obtained while the patient was receiving theophylline alone. The adverse effects disappeared after the dosage was reduced and the theophylline serum concentration decreased; however, there was no change in theophylline clearance. After discontinuation of levofloxacin, the theophylline serum concentration decreased, and theophylline clearance returned to the initial level even though clarithromycin was continued.DISCUSSION:Levofloxacin is believed not to influence the clearance of theophylline, although some new fluoroquinolones have been reported to do so. This case indicates that levofloxacin and clarithromycin inhibited theophylline metabolic pathways catalyzed by both CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 and resulted in the decrease in theophylline clearance. The clearance of theophylline, therefore, is not influenced by clarithromycin alone.CONCLUSIONS:Careful monitoring is required when levofloxacin is prescribed for patients who are taking clarithromycin with theophylline.
A novel antenna concept for future solar sails: application of fresnel antennas (2004)

Recent studies have shown that interplanetary missions may be made possible using inflatable solar sails that employ solar-flux power, providing thrust for spacecraft while reducing onboard fuel requirements. These sails require a large surface area (i.e., 100 m in diameter) to capture enough solar flux for spacecraft navigation. In this paper, a novel communication antenna concept is proposed for future solar-sail missions, taking advantage of the large sail surface area via application of Fresnel-zone (FZ) antennas. This study focuses on utilizing a design/analysis methodology using physical optics (PO) and method of moments (MoM) for Fresnel-type antennas applicable to the solar-sail missions. Extensive parametric studies of Fresnel-zone antenna radiation characteristics have been performed, and the analytical methodologies were verified using a series of measurements. Fresnel-zone antenna gain is studied under different antenna configurations. Furthermore, a Fresnel-zone antenna under surface deformation is investigated to characterize Fresnel-zone antenna performance in the reflective mode. In addition, a new bandwidth-enhancement technique is introduced for Fresnel-zone antennas, to accommodate the dual-band operation ( X band uplink and downlink) of the antenna for the deep space network (DSN).
A photodynamic pathway to apoptosis and necrosis induced by dimethyl tetrahydroxyhelianthrone and hypericin in leukaemic cells: possible relevance to photodynamic therapy (1999)

The mechanism of cell death induction by dimethyl tetrahydroxyhelianthrone (DTHe), a new second-generation photodynamic sensitizer, is analysed in human leukaemic cell lines in comparison with the structurally related hypericin. DTHe has a broad range of light spectrum absorption that enables effective utilization of polychromatic light. Photosensitization of HL-60 cells with low doses of DTHe (0.65 microM DTHe and 7.2 J cm(-2) light energy) induced rapid apoptosis of > or =90% of the cells. At doses > or =2 microM, dying cells assumed morphological necrosis with perinucleolar condensation of chromatin in HL-60 and K-562 cell lines. Although nuclear fragmentation that is characteristic to apoptosis was prevented, DNA digestion to oligonucleosomes proceeded unhindered. Such incomplete apoptosis was more prevalent with the related analogue hypericin throughout most doses of photosensitization. Despite hypericin being a stronger photosensitizer, DTHe exhibited advantageous phototoxic properties to tumour cells, initiating apoptosis at concentrations about threefold lower than hypericin. Photosensitization of the cells induced dissociation of the nuclear envelope, releasing lamins into the cytosol. DTHe also differed from hypericin in effects exerted on the nuclear lamina, causing release of an 86-kDa lamin protein into the cytosol that was unique to DTHe. Within the nucleus, nuclear envelope lamin B underwent covalent polymerization, which did not affect apoptotic nuclear fragmentation at low doses of DTHe. At higher doses, polymerization may have been extensive enough to prevent nuclear collapse. Hut-78, CD4+ cells were resistant to the photodynamically activated apoptotic pathway. Beyond the tolerated levels of photodynamic damage, these cells died exclusively via necrosis. Hut-78 cells overexpress Bcl-X(L) as well as a truncated Bcl-X(L)tr isoform that could contribute to the observed resistance to apoptosis.
Purification and Properties of Acetyl‐CoA Synthetase (ADP‐forming), an Archaeal Enzyme of Acetate Formation and ATP Synthesis, from the Hyperthermophile <i>Pyrococcus furiosus</i> (1997)

Acetyl-CoA synthetase (ADP-forming) is an enzyme in Archaea that catalyzes the formation of acetate from acetyl-CoA and couples this reaction with the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi (acetyl-CoA + ADP + Pi --> acetate + ATP + CoA) [Schifer, T., Selig, M. & Schonheit, P. (1993) Arch. Microbiol. 159, 72-83]. The enzyme from the anaerobic hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus was purified 96-fold with a yield of 20% to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity. The oxygen-stable enzyme had an apparent molecular mass of 145 kDa and was composed of two subunits with apparent molecular masses of 47 kDa and 25 kDa, indicating an alpha2beta2 structure. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of both subunits were determined; they do not show significant identity to other proteins in databases. The purified enzyme catalyzed the reversible conversion of acetyl-CoA, ADP and Pi to acetate, ATP and CoA. The apparent Vmax value in the direction of acetate formation was 18 U/mg (55 degrees C), the apparent Km values for acetyl-CoA, ADP and Pi were 17 microM, 60 microM and 200 microM, respectively. ADP and Pi could not be replaced by AMP and PPi, defining the enzyme as an ADP-forming rather than an AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase. The apparent Vmax value in the direction of acetyl-CoA formation was about 40 U/mg (55 degrees C), and the apparent Km values for acetate, ATP and CoA were 660 microM, 80 microM and 30 microM, respectively. The purified enzyme was not specific for acetyl-CoA or acetate, in addition to acetyl-CoA (100%), the enzyme accepts propionyl-CoA (110%) and butyryl-CoA (92%), and in addition to acetate (100%), the enzyme accepts propionate (100%), butyrate (92%), isobutyrate (79%), valerate (36%) and isovalerate (34%), indicating that the enzyme functions as an acyl-CoA synthetase (ADP-forming) with a broad substrate spectrum. Succinate, phenylacetate and indoleacetate did not serve as substrates for the enzyme (<3%). In addition to ADP (100%), GDP (220%) and IDP (250%) were used, and in addition to ATP (100%), GTP (210%) and ITP (320%) were used. Pyrimidine nucleotides were not accepted. The enzyme was dependent on Mg2+, which could be partly substituted by Mn2+ and Co2+. The pH optimum was pH 7. The enzyme has a temperature optimum at 90 degrees C, which is in accordance with its physiological function under hyperthermophilic conditions. The enzyme was stabilized against heat inactivation by salts. In the presence of KCI (1 M), which was most effective, the enzyme did not loose activity after 2 h incubation at 100 degrees C.
Online Estimation of Image Jacobian Matrix Based on Robust Information Filter (2011)

This paper reviews present mainstream uncalibrated estimations of image Jacobian matrix(IJM),and analyzes methods based on Kalman Filter,Fuzzy Adaptive Kalman Filter and Particle Filter,as well as their advantages and disadvantages in detail.In order to improve system estimation precision in unknown environment,this paper selects the estimation framework based on filtering theory,adjusts the system model,utilizes Robust Information Filter(RIF) to estimate IJM,and realizes moving-object-tracking accurately in simulation and industrial robot system respectively.RIF is robust to bounded noise with any distribution,both simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the introduced method.
CALCULATED EFFICIENCIES OF CYLINDRICAL RADIATION DETECTORS (1958)

The results of a calculation for the fraction of gamma rays of energy E which interact with a right cylindrical detector are presented. Three geometrical configurations have been considered. These include a point source located on the extended axis of the detector, a disk source centered on the extended axis with the plane of the disk perpendicular to this axis, and a line source perpendicular to the extended axis of the detector. Results for a point source of radiation are presented in tabular form for 31 different size detectors for a wide range of gamma energy and solid angle. Results for disk and line sources are given for 1/2 diam x 1 thick, of calculation, accuracy, and experimental application of the calculated efficiencies to quantitative gamma ray spectrometry using NaI(Tl) are discussed in some detail. (auth)
In Search of Graduate Employability: An Exploration of Student Identity. (2017)

Universities are adopting institution-wide projects to increase student work placements and work-related learning across all subject disciplines. However, there are large variations between programs in uptake, with limited evidence explaining why this might be the case. This study uses identity theory (Stryker, 1980) to explore student perceptions of placement and work-related learning. Students involved in an institution-wide graduate employability project, including curriculum development with new employability-focused courses, were invited to express their attitudes to work-related learning through in-class surveys. The survey was completed by 103 students across three different programs. Students drew on resources for identity work, including role models and imaginings of themselves in a working environment. However, while they were found to have used developmental networks to support decisions about university courses, many had limited access to networks that could support their career decisions. Finally, the study highlighted that many students lacked awareness of the new courses as opportunities for work-related learning.
Photochemistry of Ketone Polymers. I. Studies of Ethylene-Carbon Monoxide Copolymers (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemistry of Ketone Polymers. I. Studies of Ethylene-Carbon Monoxide CopolymersG. H. Hartley and J. E. GuilletCite this: Macromolecules 1968, 1, 2, 165–170Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60002a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60002a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views868Altmetric-Citations177LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High Capacity Nanoporous Silicon Carrier for Systemic Delivery of Gene Silencing Therapeutics (2013)

Gene silencing agents such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA offer the promise to modulate expression of almost every gene for the treatment of human diseases including cancer. However, lack of vehicles for effective systemic delivery to the disease organs has greatly limited their in vivo applications. In this study, we developed a high capacity polycation-functionalized nanoporous silicon (PCPS) platform comprised of nanoporous silicon microparticles functionalized with arginine-polyethyleneimine inside the nanopores for effective delivery of gene silencing agents. Incubation of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells with PCPS loaded with STAT3 siRNA (PCPS/STAT3) or GRP78 siRNA (PCPS/GRP78) resulted in 91 and 83% reduction of STAT3 and GRP78 gene expression in vitro. Treatment of cells with a microRNA-18a mimic in PCPS (PCPS/miR-18) knocked down 90% expression of the microRNA-18a target gene ATM. Systemic delivery of PCPS/STAT3 siRNA in murine model of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer enriched particles in tumor tissues and reduced STAT3 expression in cancer cells, causing significant reduction of cancer stem cells in the residual tumor tissue. At the therapeutic dosage, PCPS/STAT3 siRNA did not trigger acute immune response in FVB mice, including changes in serum cytokines, chemokines, and colony-stimulating factors. In addition, weekly dosing of PCPS/STAT3 siRNA for four weeks did not cause signs of subacute toxicity based on changes in body weight, hematology, blood chemistry, and major organ histology. Collectively, the results suggest that we have developed a safe vehicle for effective delivery of gene silencing agents.
Chemie und Biologie von Taxol (1994)

Abstract Die Pflanzen könnten als Quelle von Verbindungen betrachtet werden, aus denen sich der Chemiker solche mit besonderen Eigenschaften heraussuchen kann. Taxol, ein komplexes, polyoxygeniertes Diterpen aus der Pazifischen Eibe, Taxus brevifolia , wurde in den späten sechziger Jahren bei einer umfassenden Untersuchung pflanzlicher Stoffe auf antineoplastische Wirkstoffe entdeckt. In den vergangenen zwei Jahrzehnten sind das Interesse an Taxol und die damit verbundenen Forschungsarbeiten langsam an dem Punkt angelangt, an dem es scheint, daß die Medien aufmerksam geworden sind und jede neue Entwicklung gespannt erwarten. Das, was einstmals eine weitgehend unbekannte Verbindung war, an der nur die masochistischsten unter den Synthesechemikern und eine ebenso kleine Zahl von Zellbiologen Interesse zeigten, ist heute eine der wenigen organischen Substanzen, die — wie etwa Benzol oder Aspirin — auch dem Durchschnittsbürger, dem Namen nach bekannt sind. Die wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen von Taxol haben sich in dieser Zeit enorm ausgeweitet: Ärzte erforschen zur Zeit seine Wirkung auf nahezu jedes bekannte Neoplasma; Biologen untersuchen die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Taxol und Zellskelettsystemen, um auf diese Weise die Mechanismen zu ergründen, nach denen Zellen funktionieren; Synthesechemiker, die von der einzigartigen und empfindlichen Struktur sowie von der Funktionalität des Taxols gefesselt sind, arbeiten intensiv daran, einen synthetischen Zugang zu ihm zu finden. Die Nachfrage nach Taxol ist in der Tat in den letzten fünf Jahren so stark gestiegen, daß intensiv nach Quellen alternativ zur Extraktion von T. brevifolia gesucht wird. Da bei den vielfältigen Arbeiten über Taxol der Wissensumfang schnell zunimmt, mag es für den in diesem Gebiet Interessierten schwierig sein, sich ein angemessenes Grundwissen anzueignen. Wir wollen in diesem Beitrag daher erstmalig versuchen, einen Überblick sowohl über die Chemie als auch über die Biochemie dieser einzigartigen Verbindung zu geben.