gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reinforcement of Concretes with Carbon Fiber Composite (2014)

The Carbon Fibre Composites (FRP) have long been used to increase the strength of the concrete structures. This happens because they provide a highly effective intervention without changing the geometry of the parts. In Brazil, the concrete are produced for various purposes, and everything depends on the trace set for the basic material constituents. The ability to repair and strengthen concrete structures already designed, this study aimed, with the aid of ABNT NBR 5739 standard and the analysis of variance (ANOVA), assess the strength of concrete in compression with low, medium and high strength (defined by the Brazilian standard) by including laminate carbon fiber composites. From laboratory tests and ANOVA, found efficiency of the reinforcement in all three types of concrete manufactured and greater efficiency in low strength concrete, justified by the lower tensile strength, which means striving responsible for bringing the specimens to failure.
Diagnostic importance of pulse oximetry in the determination of the stage of chronic arterial insufficiency of lower extremities (2010)

Due to the reliability and simplicity of pulse oximetry it can be a routinely used diagnostic device for patients with early determined stage of lower extremities CAI.
[A new purification methods of small DNAs--the purification methods with silica wool]. (2006)

The principal purpose of this study is to set up efficient purification techniques of small DNAs which are suitable for isolation of from tens to three hundred bases of genes. On the bases of the technique, purification methods for big DNA fragments are established. In the experiment, the DNA bands were cut after agarose gel electrophoresis and put into 0.5 mL of tubes with silica wool, glass wood, absorbent cotton and cotton at the bottom. And then 10 000 r/min for 2 min, the liquid was collected. The results indicated that silica wool was the best of the materials. The recovery rate for DNAs below 200bp was over 90%, 85% to approximately 90% for 300bp. And the technique can be applied to purify bigger DNA fragments. The kits for DNA purification hardly recovered DNA below 150bp. The recovery rate for 150bp of DNA was 5%, 60% even for 300bp. The efficiencies of enzymic digestion and enzymic connection for the DNAs purified by the technique were the same as those for the DNAs isolated by the kits. So, the technique is obviously superior to kit purification methods.
Adaptive perfectly matched layer for Wood’s anomalies in diffraction gratings (2012)

We propose an Adaptive Perfectly Matched Layer (APML) to be used in diffraction grating modeling. With a properly tailored co-ordinate stretching depending both on the incident field and on grating parameters, the APML may efficiently absorb diffracted orders near grazing angles (the so-called Wood's anomalies). The new design is implemented in a finite element method (FEM) scheme and applied on a numerical example of a dielectric slit grating. Its performances are compared with classical PML with constant stretching coefficient.
Application and implementation of an embedded subband coder (2003)

An embedded subband speech coder with dynamic bit allocation and postfiltering is described. The coder has been implemented on an AT&T WE DSP32 digital signal processor in real time, and the performance of the coder in a statistical multiplexer environment has been simulated. A technique for eliminating low-rate tandem encodings in a digital network is also described. These techniques are shown to yield improved end-to-end performance in environments with multiple tandem encodings and/or statistical multiplexing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An epidermal growth factor receptor/<i>ret</i> chimera generates mitogenic and transforming signals: evidence for a ret-specific signaling pathway (1994)

A chimeric expression vector which encoded for a molecule encompassing the extracellular domain of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) and the intracellular domain of the ret kinase (EGFR/ret chimera) was generated. Upon ectopic expression in mammalian cells, the EGFR/ret chimera was correctly synthesized and transported to the cell surface, where it was shown capable of binding EGF and transducing an EGF-dependent signal intracellularly. Thus, the EGFR/ret chimera allows us to study the biological effects and biochemical activities of the ret kinase under controlled conditions of activation. Comparative analysis of the growth-promoting activity of the EGFR/ret chimera expressed in fibroblastic or hematopoietic cells revealed a biological phenotype clearly distinguishable from that of the EGFR, indicating that the two kinases couple with mitogenic pathways which are different to some extent. Analysis of biochemical pathways implicated in the transduction of mitogenic signals also evidenced significant differences between the ret kinase and other receptor tyrosine kinases. Thus, the sum of our results indicates the existence of a ret-specific pathway of mitogenic signaling.
The effect of cytokines on the ploidy of megakaryocytes (1990)

The effects of recombinant cytokines on the ploidy of human megakaryocytes derived from megakaryocyte progenitors were studied using serum-free agar cultures. Nonadherent and T cell-depleted marrow cells were cultured for 14 days. Megakaryocyte colonies were identified in situ by the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase technique, using monoclonal antibody against platelet IIb/IIIa. The ploidy of individual megakaryocytes in colonies was determined by microfluorometry with DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining. Recombinant human interleukin 3 (rhIL-3) and recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) supported megakaryocyte colony formation in a dose-dependent manner. However, both rhIL-3 and rhGM-CSF had no definite ability to increase the ploidy values. Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEpo) or recombinant human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhM-CSF) by itself did not stimulate the growth of megakaryocyte progenitors. rhEpo or rhM-CSF, however, stimulated increases in the number, size and ploidy values of megakaryocyte colonies in the presence of rhIL-3 or rhGM-CSF. Recombinant human interleukin 6 (rhIL-6) showed no capacity to generate or enhance megakaryocyte colony formation when added to the culture alone or in combination with rhIL-3. rhIL-6, however, increased the ploidy values in colonies when added with rhIL-3. These results show that rhEpo, rhM-CSF and rhIL-6 affect endomitosis and that two factors are required for megakaryocyte development.
Characterization of human melanotransferrin expressed in recombinant baculovirus infected insect cells (2009)

When producing recombinant mammalian proteins in an expression system, the successful completion of posttranslational modifications is an area of concern. One such modification is the attachment of a protein to a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor in the membrane. In order to investigate this, the baculovirus/insect cell system (Autographa californica multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus/'Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells) was used to express the human melanoma-associated antigen, p97 or melanotransferrin. An unusual feature of this protein is its attachment to the cell surface by a GPI-anchor. The expression of p97 at the surface of recombinant virus infected Sf9 cells was shown by FACS analysis using monoclonal antibodies that recognize two different epitopes. Immunoprecipitation of p97 from [35S]-methionine metabolically labelled p97 B-2-I infected Sf9 cells revealed that recombinant p97 is slightly smaller than p97 expressed by the SK-MEL-28 human melanoma cell line and that a soluble form of p97 was present in the spent medium of the infected Sf9 cells. While the GPI-anchored form of recombinant p97 partitioned into the detergent phase upon Triton X-114 extraction, the form found in the spent medium partitioned into the aqueous phase, suggesting that it may be analogous to the secreted form of p97 produced by SK-MEL-28 cells. The glycosylation of recombinant p97 from virus infected Sf9 cells was also analyzed. Although an Endoglycosidase H-resistant form of p97 was detected, it is likely that the processing of N-linked oligosaccharides to the complex-type was incomplete. Finally, the GPI-llinkage of p97 expressed in Sf9 cells was demonstrated by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C sensitivity and Triton X- 114 extraction. The ability to express GPI-linked proteins in this system will be useful for the bioengineering and commercial production of proteins.
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (+)-Pancratistatin (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric Total Synthesis of (+)-PancratistatinBarry M. Trost and Shon R. PulleyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 40, 10143–10144Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00145a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00145a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1753Altmetric-Citations136LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Neurogenesis in the Chick Retina (1991)

Chick embryo retinas were labelled in ovo by single injections of [3H]thymidine at selected times between days 2 and 12 of incubation. Embryos were later removed, at different stages of development, and the retinas processed for autoradiography of either serial sections or dissociated cell preparations. Analysis of unlabelled cells shows that neurogenesis starts, on day 2 of incubation, in a dorsotemporal area of the central retina, close to the posterior pole and to the optic nerve head. A gradient of neurogenesis spreads from this central area to the periphery, where neurogenesis ends, shortly after day 12, when the last few bipolar cells withdraw from the cell cycle. Additional dorsal-to-ventral and temporal-to-nasal gradients can be discerned in our autoradiographs. In all retinal sectors, ganglion cells start first to withdraw from the cell cycle, followed, with substantial overlapping, by amacrine, horizontal, photoreceptor plus Müller, and bipolar neuroblasts. Ganglion cells are also the first to reach the 50% level of unlabelled cells, followed this time by horizontal, photoreceptor, amacrine, Müller and bipolar cells. Finally, 100% levels of unlabelled cell populations are attained simultaneously by ganglion, horizontal and photoreceptor cells, followed by amacrine, then by Müller, and last by bipolar cells. Although all classes of neurons, in varying proportions, are being produced most of the time, our results also demonstrate that, in any given retinal area, the first cells leaving the cycle are determined to become ganglion cells, and the last ones bipolar cells, and not other types.
Role of interleukin-12 in patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever (2000)

Interleukin (IL)-12 has a broad range of activities including regulation of cytokine synthesis and selective promotion of Th1-type cell development. A shift from a Th1-type response to Th2-type has been suggested to be important in the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). This study was undertaken to investigate the possible role of IL-12 in this shift. A total of 76 patients with various grades of dengue illness and 21 normal healthy controls were tested for IL-12 levels in serum samples and IL-12 mRNA in their peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The results showed that the levels of IL-12 were the highest in patients with dengue fever (270+/-102 pg ml(-1)) followed by decreasing levels in the patients with DHF grade I (198+/-86 pg ml(-1); P<0.05) and DHF grade II (84+/-52 pg ml(-1); P<0.001). Neither IL-12 nor its mRNA could be detected in the patients with DHF grades III and IV. The cytokine appeared and reached peak levels during the first 4 days of illness, started to decline by day 5-8 and disappeared by day 9 onwards. The absence of IL-12 during severe illness and late phases of the disease may be responsible for the shift to a Th2-type response and thus for the pathogenesis of DHF.
Fabrication of epoxy spherical microstructures by controlled drop-on-demand inkjet printing (2012)

Well controlled spherical microstructures could enable several novel MEMS devices. However, micro machining of spherical shapes has proven to be difficult with conventional planar microfabrication processes [1]. This paper presents a method allowing to fabricate controlled micro spherical structures. Drops of approximately 30 picoliters of polymeric solution were accurately inkjet printed on rounded platforms. The deposited volume is confined by rim of these platforms, thus allowing a fine control of the spherical cap edge angle as well as the volume and the radius of curvature. The process proposed allowed to fabricate large arrays of micro spherical shapes, with a controlled edge angle between 25Â° and 110Â°. Several arrays of 30 by 30 micro hemispheres with an edge angle of 90Â° have been successfully fabricated with a yield above 98%.
Resource Allocation with Load Balancing for Cognitive Radio Networks (2010)

This paper considers channel and power allocation for cognitive radio (CR) networks. We assume that the total available spectrum is divided into several bands, each consisting of a group of channels. A centralized base station, enabled by spectrum sensing, is assumed to have the knowledge of all vacant channels, which will be assigned to various CRs according to their requests. The objective of resource allocation is to maximize the sum data rate of all CRs. Since the activities of primary users may cause heavy traffic in some bands while leaving other bands idle, load balancing is first performed to equalize the traffic. A multi-level subset sum algorithm as well as a simpler greedy algorithm is proposed to achieve excellent load balancing performance. After that, an algorithm incorporated with constant-power water filling is proposed to maximize the sum data rate. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Polyethylene glycol-covered ultra-small Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>nanoparticles for positive contrast at 1.5 T magnetic resonance clinical scanning (2007)

The size distribution and magnetic properties of ultra-small gadolinium oxide crystals (US-Gd₂O₃) were studied, and the impact of polyethylene glycol capping on the relaxivity constants (r₁, r₂) and signal intensity with this contrast agent was investigated. Size distribution and magnetic properties of US-Gd₂O₃ nanocrystals were measured with a TEM and PPMS magnetometer. For relaxation studies, diethylene glycol (DEG)-capped US-Gd₂O₃ nanocrystals were reacted with PEG-silane (MW 5000). Suspensions were adequately dialyzed in water to eliminate traces of Gd³⁺ and surfactants. The particle hydrodynamic radius was measured with dynamic light scattering (DLS) and the proton relaxation times were measured with a 1.5 T MRI scanner. Parallel studies were performed with DEG–Gd₂O₃ and PEG-silane–SPGO (Gd₂O₃, < 40 nm diameter). The small and narrow size distribution of US-Gd₂O₃ was confirmed with TEM (∼3 nm) and DLS. PEG-silane–US-Gd₂O₃ relaxation parameters were twice as high as for Gd–DTPA and the r₂/r₁ ratio was 1.4. PEG-silane–SPGO gave low r₁ relaxivities and high r₂/r₁ ratios, less compatible with positive contrast agent requirements. Higher r₁ were obtained with PEG-silane in comparison to DEG–Gd₂O₃. Treatment of DEG–US-Gd₂O₃ with PEG-silane provides enhanced relaxivity while preventing aggregation of the oxide cores. This study confirms that PEG-covered Gd₂O₃ nanoparticles can be used for positively contrasted MR applications requiring stability, biocompatible coatings and nanocrystal functionalization.
The Shrinkage-activated Na<sup>+</sup> Conductance of Rat Hepatocytes and its Possible Correlation to rENaC (2000)

At moderate cell shrinkage, activation of Na(+) channels is the most prominent mechanism of regulatory cell volume increase in rat hepatocytes. The amiloride sensitivity of these channels suggests a relation to the family of epithelial Na(+) channels (ENaCs). The present study was performed to determine the pharmacological profile of shrinkage-activated Na(+) channels and to test for ENaC expression in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes; in addition, the influence of the cell volume regulated serine/threonine kinase hSGK on activity and pharmacological profile of rENaC was examined in Xenopus oocytes. Conventional electrophysiology in hepatocytes reveals that the shrinkage-activated Na(+) channel is inhibited by amiloride and EIPA with IC(50) values of 6.0 and 0.12 micromol/l, respectively. Western blots and RT-PCR demonstrate that rat hepatocytes do express all three subunits (alpha, beta, gamma) of ENaC. Coexpression of hSGK with rENaC in Xenopus oocytes reveals that the kinase stimulates ENaC by a factor of 4. Moreover, hSGK decreases the affinity to amiloride (increase of IC(50) from 0.12 to 0.26 micromol/l) and increases the affinity to EIPA (decrease of IC(50) from 250 to 50 micromol/l). In conclusion, rat hepatocytes express ENaC, which is activated by the cell volume-sensitive kinase hSGK. ENaC may contribute to the Na(+) channels activated by osmotic cell shrinkage in hepatocytes, whereby the relatively low amiloride and high EIPA sensitivity of the channel could at least be partially due to modification by SGK, which decreases the amiloride and increases the EIPA sensitivity of ENaC.
Estudio de prevalencia del consumo de alcohol, tabaco y drogas psicoactivas en adolescentes de establecimientos de enseñanza media públicos y privados de la seccional 14 durante el mes de noviembre de 2005 (2010)

Para abordar el problema de las adicciones es necesario delimitar su magnitud. “El tabaco es responsable a largo plazo de la pérdida de más años de vida que otras drogas combinadas; el alcohol se encuentra implicado en más de la mitad de los accidentes de tránsito fatales protagonizados por jóvenes, el consumo excesivo comienza en la preadolescencia, florece en la segunda y tercera década de la vida y se padece – en términos de enfermedad o muertea partir de los cuarenta años; la marihuana interfiere con el aprendizaje y la memoria, además conduce a conductas de riesgo para policonsumo, abuso, transmisión de ETS y HIV SIDA.” Objetivo: Realizar un análisis general de consumo de sustancias. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo simple observacional. Se realizó encuesta anónima en una población de 900 alumnos (530 escuelas privadas y 370 escuelas públicas). Resultados: 65% de alumnos de escuelas privadas y el 47% de las públicas consume alcohol. Edad Media comienzo de consumo: Privadas 14,5 años, Públicas 13,94 años El 11% de los alumnos de escuelas públicas combina alcohol y drogas contra el 3% de los de las privadas. La edad media de comienzo del consumo de tabaco: Privadas 13,62 años, Públicas 13,22años y la edad media de comienzo para consumo de drogas: Públicas 14,64 años; Privadas 15,21 años. El consumo de drogas: 4% de los alumnos de escuelas privadas y 11% de escuelas públicas usa drogas (8% lo hace los fines de semana). Conclusiones: • Se consume un 18% más Alcohol en Establecimientos Privados. • Nueve de cada diez alumnos de escuelas privadas y siete de cada diez de escuelas públicas han consumido alcohol al menos una vez en la vida. • Los hombres consumen alcohol un 5% más y se drogan el doble que las mujeres. • La cerveza es la bebida más consumida. • Siete de cada diez jóvenes de escuelas públicas ha conducido bajo los efectos del alcohol, y tres han sufrido accidentes. • Cuatro de cada diez jóvenes de escuelas públicas se han subido a un vehículo conducido por un ebrio y tres han sufrido accidentes. • Cinco de cada diez encuestados ha fumado al menos una vez. • Las mujeres fuman más que los hombres. • El 6.9% de los encuestados consume drogas. • Dos de cada diez jóvenes de escuelas públicas ha usado drogas al menos una vez. • Consumen alrededor de 3 veces más drogas los alumnos de escuelas públicas. • Consumen más drogas los varones y la Droga más consumida: Marihuana. • Se consume LSD, pastillas, éxtasis y alucinógenos + estimulantes, en escuelas privadas y en escuelas públicas se consume (PACO) tolueno + marihuana, nafta y “la más barata”.
Room temperature synthesis and one-dimensional self-assembly of interlaced Ni nanodiscs under magnetic field (2010)

Uniform and aligned nickel nanochains with interlaced-nanodiscs structure were first synthesized by using a template-free magnetic-field-assisted method at room temperature. The interlaced-disc nanochains were composed of nanodiscs with diameters of ∼90 nm and thicknesses of ∼10 nm. An attachment process has been proposed to explain the observed growth of the nanodiscs. With concentration of the OH − increased, the morphology of the products transforms from star- to interlaced-nanodisc-like nanochains. Systematic magnetic measurements demonstrate that the well-aligned interlaced-nanodisc-like Ni nanochains have coercivity of about 300 Oe and effective anisotropy of about five times more than the bulk value.
Development of a Set Retarder for Foamed Cement Applications (2003)

Abstract Due to a recent resurgence in foamed cement utilization, there is a need for an additive that can provide adequate set retardation without affecting the foam characteristics of the cement system. This paper details the development of a foamed cement retarder comprising a blend of lignosulfonate, kraft lignin and a pentose sugar. Laboratory studies have shown that the performance of this product exceeds that of conventional set retarders with regard to maintaining the stability of the foamed cement system. This set retarder can also function in non-foamed applications. Several wells have been successfully completed using this new technology and case histories will be provided.
Formal development and convergence analysis of the parallel adaptive mixed transform algorithm (2002)

Mixed transform techniques represent signals using combinations of basis functions, chosen from two or more transform domains simultaneously, to achieve higher energy compaction than can be achieved using a single transform. The parallel adaptive mixed transform (PAMT) technique has been shown to produce excellent energy compaction and greatly reduced computational burden compared with previous adaptive mixed transform techniques. In this paper, the PAMT algorithm is formally developed and its convergence properties examined. It is shown that convergence of the algorithm can be guaranteed independent of the transforms chosen, as long as those transforms are orthonormal in their own domains.