gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of <i>b</i>‐Oriented TS‐1 Films on Chitosan‐Modified α‐Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Substrates (2006)

The controllable orientation of TS-1 crystals on a porous alumina substrate is achieved by using a thin chitosan film as a structure-directing matrix. A single layer of TS-1 crystal grains is fully b-oriented. The crystal grains in a multilayer TS-1 film are preferentially b-oriented (ca. 70%) according to XRD and pole figure analyses (see figure). The obtained membrane shows strong selectivity in an oxidation-catalysis experiment.
Understanding the use of silicone gels for nonhermetic plastic packaging (1989)

The authors review some potential IC encapsulants, with special focus on the high-performance silicone gel, its chemistry, and its use as a VLSI device encapsulant for single and multichip applications. It is noted that high-performance silicone gel possesses excellent electrical and physical properties for IC protection. With their intrinsic low modulus and soft gel-like nature, silicone gels have become very effective encapsulants for larger, high I/O, wire-bonded VLSI chips. Recent studies indicate that adequate IC chip surface protection with high-performance silicone gels in plastic packaging could replace conventional ceramic hermetic packaging.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Spiral breakup in model equations of action potential propagation in cardiac tissue (1993)

Two-variable model equations that capture some essential dynamical features of quantitative electrophysiological models of cardiac tissue are introduced. In one dimension, these equations naturally reproduce an experimentally observed oscillatory pulse instability that causes an alternation in action potential duration. In two dimensions, spontaneous spiral breakup leading to a spatially disorganized electrical wave activity is shown to occur as a direct consequence of this instability.
Unidirectionality in ad-hoc networks: a simulation study (2004)

This paper is to study the impact on performance on using unidirectional links, in addition to bidirectional links, in ad-hoc networks. The study offers a better understanding on the future routing protocol design for ad-hoc networks. By using unidirectional links in addition to bidirectional links, the routing performance will improve greatly. To accurately evaluate the use of unidirectional links, both unidirectional and bidirectional links in the random graph and the Euclidean graph approaches are investigated. The random graph approach, where node connection and link direction are the only concerns, serves as a theoretical benchmark for the study. The Euclidean graph approach, where the dynamics of the wireless network are captured, examines the ability of the networks to transmit messages to most, if not all, of the nodes within a small number of hops on the provision of the minimal network connectivity. The simulation results show the presence of a significant proportion of unidirectional links and the improvement of network performance by increasing network connectivity and reducing path length.
BACTERIOPHAGE-RESISTANT MUTANTS IN ESCHERICHIA COLI (1945)

ACTERIA are very promising as materials for studies of mutability, be-B cause of their great speed of reproduction and because of the opportunity they present for working with populations that comprise enormous numbers of individuals. Changes in bacterial cultures which make the bacteria resistant toward certain specific bacteriophage strains have been known for a long time and have been assumed by several workers to be due to mutations This assumption has recently been confirmed in an important study by The experimental method used by these investigators consists of determining how many resistant bacteria are present in small cultures of sensitive bacteria, especially when the size of cultures is kept so small that only a few resistants are found, on the average, in each culture. Under these conditions some cultures are still found to contain a comparatively large number of resistants. This indicates that such bacteria probably belong to a single clone stemming from an ancestor which mutated to bacteriophage resistance earlier in the growth of the culture.
Transformation of Sintered CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> Nanocrystals to Cubic CsPbI<sub>3</sub> and Gradient CsPbBr<sub><i>x</i></sub>I<sub>3–<i>x</i></sub> through Halide Exchange (2016)

All-inorganic cesium lead halide (CsPbX3, X = Br(-), I(-)) perovskites could potentially provide comparable photovoltaic performance with enhanced stability compared to organic-inorganic lead halide species. However, small-bandgap cubic CsPbI3 has been difficult to study due to challenges forming CsPbI3 in the cubic phase. Here, a low-temperature procedure to form cubic CsPbI3 has been developed through a halide exchange reaction using films of sintered CsPbBr3 nanocrystals. The reaction was found to be strongly dependent upon temperature, featuring an Arrhenius relationship. Additionally, film thickness played a significant role in determining internal film structure at intermediate reaction times. Thin films (50 nm) showed only a small distribution of CsPbBrxI3-x species, while thicker films (350 nm) exhibited much broader distributions. Furthermore, internal film structure was ordered, featuring a compositional gradient within film. Transient absorption spectroscopy showed the influence of halide exchange on the excited state of the material. In thicker films, charge carriers were rapidly transferred to iodide-rich regions near the film surface within the first several picoseconds after excitation. This ultrafast vectorial charge-transfer process illustrates the potential of utilizing compositional gradients to direct charge flow in perovskite-based photovoltaics.
Evaluation and Structural Basis for the Inhibition of Tankyrases by PARP Inhibitors (2013)

Tankyrases, an enzyme subfamily of human poly(ADP-ribosyl)polymerases, are potential drug targets especially against cancer. We have evaluated inhibition of tankyrases by known PARP inhibitors and report five cocrystal structures of the most potent compounds in complex with human tankyrase 2. The inhibitors include the small general PARP inhibitors Phenanthridinone, PJ-34, and TIQ-A as well as the more advanced inhibitors EB-47 and rucaparib. The compounds anchor to the nicotinamide subsite of tankyrase 2. Crystal structures reveal flexibility of the ligand binding site with implications for drug development against tankyrases and other ADP-ribosyltransferases. EB-47 mimics the substrate NAD(+) and extends from the nicotinamide to the adenosine subsite. The clinical ARTD1 inhibitor candidate rucaparib was the most potent tankyrase inhibitor identified (24 and 14 nM for tankyrases), which indicates that inhibition of tankyrases would affect the cellular responses of this compound.
Modeling the power and ground effects of BGA packages (2003)

Ground bounce noise and power supply noise are the major concerns in the electrical design of BGA packages, therefore accurate models of the package's ground and power structures are needed for circuit simulators. This innovative new software is targeted at the engineer who, at his laptop PC, can rapidly generate accurate power and ground electrical models of an entire BGA package. The program was designed to be fast and portable, contrasting other methods of modeling in which such attributes were sacrificed for greater accuracy. Operation consists of entering the available data, and in just minutes retrieving a parameter listing and two sub-circuit models simultaneously, one circuit for power and one for the ground of the package. The listing can be used as an evaluation tool for a specific package (e.g. during a design review when critical information is needed quickly) while the circuit models can be used in a SPICE circuit simulation of the IC. These separate models, designed with as few components as possible in order to reduce the complexity of the SPICE topology while still maintaining accuracy, can be either incorporated with signal package models or can be simulated alone.
Editorial (1994)

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Characterization of uterine epithelium apoptotic cell death kinetics and regulation by progesterone and RU 486. (1992)

The authors show here that progesterone suppresses apoptosis, and its antagonist RU 486 induces it in rabbit uterine epithelium, as assessed by morphologic and biochemical studies. The authors' studies demonstrate that internucleosomal DNA fragments are identifiable as early as 24 hours after ovariectomy of pseudopregnant rabbits, and become undetectable 6 days after ovariectomy. Maximal levels of DNA fragmentation (about 74% of total isolated DNA) were observed 36 hours after ovariectomy. The number of apoptotic cells appeared to increase parallel to the increased DNA breakdown, and accounted for approximately 26% of the uterine epithelial cells at 48 hours after ovariectomy. Levels of progesterone in serum dropped precipitously 6 hours after ovariectomy and remained very low for several days. Administration of progesterone, more than any other steroid hormone, to pseudopregnant ovariectomized rabbits, prevented the increase in apoptotic cell death. By contrast, administration of the anti-progestin RU 486 to pseudopregnant rabbits triggered apoptosis, which attained levels similar to those observed in ovariectomized animals. The authors' findings establish that uterine epithelium apoptosis occurs in a time-dependent fashion and provides strong evidence that the actions of progesterone in that tissue are not only to stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation, but also to suppress apoptosis.
Characterization of Interstrand DNA–DNA Cross-Links Derived from Abasic Sites Using Bacteriophage ϕ29 DNA Polymerase (2015)

Interstrand cross-links in cellular DNA are highly deleterious lesions that block transcription and replication. We recently characterized two new structural types of interstrand cross-links derived from the reaction of abasic (Ap) sites with either guanine or adenine residues in duplex DNA. Interestingly, these Ap-derived cross-links are forged by chemically reversible processes, in which the two strands of the duplex are joined by hemiaminal, imine, or aminoglycoside linkages. Therefore, understanding the stability of Ap-derived cross-links may be critical in defining the potential biological consequences of these lesions. Here we employed bacteriophage φ29 DNA polymerase, which can couple DNA synthesis and strand displacement, as a model system to examine whether dA-Ap cross-links can withstand DNA-processing enzymes. We first demonstrated that a chemically stable interstrand cross-link generated by hydride reduction of the dG-Ap cross-link completely blocked primer extension by φ29 DNA polymerase at the last unmodified nucleobase preceding cross-link. We then showed that the nominally reversible dA-Ap cross-link behaved, for all practical purposes, like an irreversible, covalent DNA-DNA cross-link. The dA-Ap cross-link completely blocked progress of the φ29 DNA polymerase at the last unmodified base before the cross-link. This suggests that Ap-derived cross-links have the power to block various DNA-processing enzymes in the cell. In addition, our results reveal φ29 DNA polymerase as a tool for detecting the presence and mapping the location of interstrand cross-links (and possibly other lesions) embedded within regions of duplex DNA.
A multi-step electromechanical ΣΔ converter for micro-g capacitive accelerometers (2003)

A multi-step electromechanical /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator for /spl mu/g accelerometers is described. A two-element sensor array is used in two /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ loops and resolution improves by >2x compared to a conventional 2nd-order /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator. This CMOS chip operates at 1 MHz and provides 0.2-1.2V/pF sensitivity, <20aF resolution, >120dB dynamic range, and dissipates <12mW.
Converging effects of a <i>Bifidobacterium</i> and <i>Lactobacillus</i> probiotic strain on mouse intestinal physiology (2014)

Evidence has grown to support the efficacy of probiotics in the management of gastrointestinal disorders, many of which are associated with dysregulated fluid and electrolyte transport. A growing body of evidence now suggests that the host microbiota and probiotics can influence intestinal ion transport and that these effects often occur in a strain-dependent manner. In this study, we sought to investigate the effects of two therapeutically relevant organisms, Bifidobacterium infantis 35,624 and Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118, on small intestinal transit, fecal output and water content, transepithelial resistance (TER), and colonic secretomotor function. Mice fed either strain displayed significantly reduced small intestinal transit in vivo, though neither strain influenced fecal pellet output or water content. Colon from mice fed both organisms displayed increased colonic TER, without a concomitant change in the gene expression of the tight junction proteins claudin 1 and occludin. However, L. salivarius UCC118 selectively inhibited neurally evoked ion secretion in tissues from animals fed this particular probiotic. Consistent with this finding, the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin (TTx) significantly inhibited the short-circuit current response induced by L. salivarius UCC118 following addition to colonic preparations in Ussing chambers. Responses to B. infantis 35,624 also displayed sensitivity to TTx, although to a significantly lesser degree than L. salivarius UCC118. Both strains similarly inhibited cholinergic-induced ion transport after addition to Ussing chambers. Taken together, these data suggest that B. infantis 35,624 and L. salivarius UCC118 may be indicated in disorders associated with increased small intestinal transit, and, in particular for L. salivarius UCC118, neurally mediated diarrhea.
Secure Computation of MIPS Machine Code. (2015)

Existing systems for secure computation require programmers to express the program to be securely computed as a circuit, or in a domain-specific language that can be compiled to a form suitable for applying known protocols. We propose a new system that can securely execute native MIPS code with no special annotations. Our system allows programmers to use a language of their choice to express their programs, together with any off-the-shelf compiler to MIPS; it can be used for secure computation of “legacy” MIPS code as well. Our system uses oblivious RAM for fetching instructions and performing load/store operations in memory, and garbled universal circuits for the execution of a MIPS CPU in each instruction step. We also explore various optimizations based on an offline analysis of the MIPS code to be executed, in order to minimize the overhead of executing each instruction while still maintaining security.
Multiplexed Enrichment and Detection of Malarial Biomarkers Using a Stimuli-Responsive Iron Oxide and Gold Nanoparticle Reagent System (2012)

There is a need for simple yet robust biomarker and antigen purification and enrichment strategies that are compatible with current rapid diagnostic modalities. Here, a stimuli-responsive nanoparticle system is presented for multiplexed magneto-enrichment and non-instrumented lateral flow strip detection of model antigens from spiked pooled plasma. The integrated reagent system allows purification and enrichment of the gold-labeled biomarker half-sandwich that can be applied directly to lateral flow test strips. A linear diblock copolymer with a thermally responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAm) segment and a gold-binding block composed of NIPAm-co-N,N-dimethylaminoethylacrylamide was prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. The diblock copolymer was used to functionalize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), with subsequent bioconjugation to yield thermally responsive pNIPAm-AuNPs that were co-decorated with streptavidin. These AuNPs efficiently complexed biotinylated capture antibody reagents that were bound to picomolar quantities of pan-aldolase and Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) in spiked pooled plasma samples. The gold-labeled biomarker half-sandwich was then purified and enriched using 10 nm thermally responsive magnetic nanoparticles that were similarly decorated with pNIPAm. When a thermal stimulus was applied in conjunction with a magnetic field, coaggregation of the AuNP half-sandwiches with the pNIPAm-coated iron oxide nanoparticles created large aggregates that were efficiently magnetophoresed and separated from bulk serum. The purified biomarkers from a spiked pooled plasma sample could be concentrated 50-fold into a small volume and applied directly to a commercial multiplexed lateral flow strip to dramatically improve the signal-to-noise ratio and test sensitivity.
N-acetyl-L-cysteine potentiates depressor response to captopril and enalaprilat in SHRs (1994)

Recently, in vivo and in vitro studies have implicated nitric oxide as a mediator of the vascular effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs). In the present study we hypothesized that N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), by increasing the availability of reduced sulfhydryl groups, would enhance the antihypertensive response to the ACEIs captopril and enalaprilat by a mechanism dependent on nitric oxide. The experiments were performed on instrumented, indomethacin-pretreated, awake spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Thirty minutes after a bolus of captopril (10 mg/kg iv) was administered, blood pressure decreased from 167 +/- 5 to 147 +/- 6 mmHg (n = 8). The pretreatment with the donor of thiol groups NAC (300 mg/kg iv) potentiated the depressor response to captopril because blood pressure decreased from 172 +/- 3 to 139 +/- 4 mmHg (n = 6). At the dose of 60 micrograms/kg iv, the ACEI enalaprilat did not acutely modify the blood pressure of SHRs (from 172 +/- 5 to 167 +/- 4 mmHg; n = 6). However, when the SHRs were pretreated with NAC, the same dose of enalaprilat significantly reduced blood pressure from 176 +/- 5 to 151 +/- 5 mmHg (n = 6). This potentiation of the depressor response to ACEIs, due to NAC, was not observed when SHRs were pretreated with the nitric oxide inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 50 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 iv). The results of this study suggest that NAC, a donor of sulfhydryl groups, potentiates the antihypertensive response to captopril and enalaprilat in SHR by a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism.
In His Heart and Soul He's Egyptian, the Nile Flows through His Veins (2009)

(2009). In His Heart and Soul He's Egyptian, the Nile Flows through His Veins. Critical Interventions: Vol. 3, Africanity And North Africa, Guest Editors: Jessica Winegar and Katarzyna Pieprzak, pp. 123-139.
Photoinduced Reorientation of Liquid Crystals Doped with a Mesogenic Oligothiophene (2001)

Abstract We studied the dynamic behavior of director-reorientation induced by linearly polarized light in an oligothiophene-doped liquid crystal (LC) by transmission-mode analyses and the Z-scan measurement. An in-plane reorientation process occurred and LC molecules tended to reorient parallel to the polarization of incident light in the case of low-intensity irradiation. The thermal effect due to absorption affects the reorientation behavior largely in the case of high-intensity irradiation.
Current trends in the surgical management and treatment of adult glioblastoma. (2015)

This manuscript discusses the current surgical management of glioblastoma. This paper highlights the common pathophysiology attributes of glioblastoma, surgical options for diagnosis/treatment, current thoughts of extent of resection (EOR) of tumor, and post-operative (neo)adjuvant treatment. Glioblastoma is not a disease that can be cured with surgery alone, however safely performed maximal surgical resection is shown to significantly increase progression free and overall survival while maximizing quality of life. Upon invariable tumor recurrence, re-resection also is shown to impact survival in a select group of patients. As adjuvant therapy continues to improve survival, the role of surgical resection in the treatment of glioblastoma looks to be further defined.
Broadband spectral shaping in a Ti:sapphire Regenerative Amplifier (2004)

A 0.34-mm thick quartz plate is used in a Ti:sapphire regenerative amplifier for spectral shaping, the bandwidth of the amplified pulse is increased from /spl sim/18 nm to /spl sim/35 nm, and the amplified pulse is compressed to /spl sim/35 fs.
Shopping Using Gesture-Driven Interaction (2015)

Natural user interfaces are interfaces that attempt to feel natural to the user, eliminating the need for a traditional graphical user interface. Touchless technology with gestures is a way of achieving this. With the fast-paced evolution of online shopping, via a computer or mobile device, it has become more important than ever for physical stores to regain customers lost to online dittos. The combination of touchless technology and shopping provides a new platform where the advantages of online shopping can be combined with those of physical store shopping. This Master’s thesis aims to explore this combination, creating prototypes for a gesture-based shopping window, where the line between physical store and mobile is erased. Using gestures to manipulate, search and browse items seen on a large screen outside a store, enables users to see if their size is in stock and whether there are any deals at the moment, before entering the store. Two prototypes were created and tested, one for a realtor display window and one for a clothing store shopping window. Natural gestures were created and discovered, which can be used to interact with the prototypes, serving as a foundation for future implementations. The usability testing was performed on two groups of people, one group with no experience in touchless technology and another group with a lot of experience in the touchless technology field. Both groups performed well in the tests, however, the inexperienced group performed better than expected and the test participants were able to learn the gestures and understand the concepts faster than expected.
Polyhydroxyethers. I. Effect of structure on properties of high molecular weight polymers from dihydric phenols and epichlorohydrin (1963)

Abstract An interesting series of high molecular weight thermoplastic polymers, based on dihydric phenols and epichlorohydrin, have been prepared. The polymers have, in common, a structure which can be represented by the general repeating unit magnified image where E is a radical residuum from a dihydric phenol. Certain properties appear characteristic of this class of polymers. All contain some chain branching through the secondary hydroxyl group. They are amorphous, noncrystallizable, transparent, tough, and thermally stable. They show two glassy state transitions, a minor transition at about −70°C. and a major transition at a considerably higher temperature. This family of polymers provides an excellent means for studying structure–property correlations. Data are reported showing the effect of the structure of the dihydric phenol moiety (E) on the major glass transition temperature and on certain barrier properties of a series of these polymers. The polymer prepared from 2,2‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl) propane, bisphenol A, is considered typical of this series; its mechanical and physical properties are described in somewhat more detail and compared with properties of certain commercial polymers.