gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth control of human foreskin fibroblasts and inhibition of extracellular sialidase activity by 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid. (1988)

Normal human fibroblasts have two extreme modes of existence in culture, quiescent and proliferative. The growth and division of these cells are usually well regulated by the action of various endogenously generated stimulators and inhibitors. We have speculated that an extracellular sialidase may be involved in the regulation of growth and that inhibition of this activity might decrease or abolish cell growth. To test this hypothesis, we have incubated preconfluent cultures of fibroblasts in the presence and absence of a potent sialidase inhibitor, 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid. Treatment of cells with this inhibitor resulted in the inhibition of an extracellular sialidase activity for up to 24 h and had a marked growth inhibitory effect in a concentration-dependent manner. The effect of the inhibitor on cell proliferation was specific and reversible. During a chase period of 48 h after pulse labeling cells with [3H]N-acetylmannosamine and [14C]serine, there was a 15% decrease of [3H]sialic acid in the membrane-bound GM3 with 80 microM inhibitor in the medium, as compared with a 32% decrease in the controls. Our results suggest that an extracellular sialidase may participate in cell-surface modifications that accompany (or control) the changes observed when cells traverse the cell cycle, from the quiescent to the proliferative phase.
A New Erasing And Row Decoding Scheme For Low Supply Voltage Operation 16Mb/64Mb Flash EEPROMs (1991)

This paper describes boosted word line decoding scheme for read operation at low supply voltage and negative gate blased erasing and a flash programming for high speed 5V only erasing.
Development of Diesel Combustion for Commercial Vehicles (1997)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Historically the high speed diesel engine for commercial vehicles has been developed along with its combustion system in compliance with political and economical changes. After the 1970's, stricter exhaust emission regulations and fuel economy requirements induced combustion developments and application of turbocharged and inter cooled engines. From the late 1980's, high pressure fuel injection has been investigated and recognized as an essential tool for lowering emissions especially of particulate matter. Although turbulence effects on both in-cylinder air motion and during the combustion process are quite effective, they show different phenomena in conventional and advanced high pressure fuel injection systems.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In the 1990's, multiple injection with high pressure has been attempted for further reduction of NOx and particulate matter. Also, though the idea was not so new, homogeneous diesel combustion based on bulk combustion has been investigated by several researchers due to a very low figure of emission, but it has a very limited operable region. Recently, a research based on the concept of combination of multiple fuel injection and homogeneous diesel combustion has begun for the purpose of widening the operable region.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Today EGR is considered to be widely applicable to future heavy duty engines because the wear problems have been improved by the reduction of sulphur content in diesel fuel, and several remaining problems are under discussion.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Future fuel must meet environmental requirements. The ultimate ideal fuel would be hydrogen. Research work on a hydrogen diesel is proceeding together with new methods of hydrogen production.</div>
One-pot synthesis of 2-hydroxymethyl-5-methylpyrazine from renewable 1,3-dihydroxyacetone (2017)

An efficient and environmentally benign method for the synthesis of 2-hydroxymethyl-5-methylpyrazine (HMMP) from biomass derived 1,3-dihydroxyacetone was developed.
Hyperedge2vec: Distributed Representations for Hyperedges (2018)

Data structured in form of overlapping or non-overlapping sets is found in a variety of domains, sometimes explicitly but often subtly. For example, teams, which are of prime importance in social science studies are \enquote{sets of individuals}; \enquote{item sets} in pattern mining are sets; and for various types of analysis in language studies a sentence can be considered as a \enquote{set or bag of words}. Although building models and inference algorithms for structured data has been an important task in the fields of machine learning and statistics, research on \enquote{set-like} data still remains less explored. Relationships between pairs of elements can be modeled as edges in a graph. However, modeling relationships that involve all members of a set, a hyperedge is a more natural representation for the set. In this work, we focus on the problem of embedding hyperedges in a hypergraph (a network of overlapping sets) to a low dimensional vector space. We propose a probabilistic deep-learning based method as well as a tensor-based algebraic model, both of which capture the hypergraph structure in a principled manner without loosing set-level information. Our central focus is to highlight the connection between hypergraphs (topology), tensors (algebra) and probabilistic models. We present a number of interesting baselines, some of which adapt existing node-level embedding models to the hyperedge-level, as well as sequence based language techniques which are adapted for set structured hypergraph topology. The performance is evaluated with a network of social groups and a network of word phrases. Our experiments show that accuracy wise our methods perform similar to those of baselines which are not designed for hypergraphs. Moreover, our tensor based method is quiet efficient as compared to deep-learning based auto-encoder method. We therefore, argue that we have proposed more general methods which are suited for hypergraphs (and therefore also for graphs) while maintaining accuracy and efficiency.
Optical coherence tomography controlled femtosecond laser microsurgery system (2007)

Due to nonlinear interaction with optical transparent samples the femtosecond technology is a very useful tool for high precision micro surgery on biological tissues. At the same time femtosecond lasers are ideal light sources for imaging methods such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) due to the broad spectrum of the laser, which is necessary for creating ultra short pulses. Using OCT structures within biological tissues can be imaged non invasive with a resolution within the low μm-range. The combined use of an ultra short pulse laser for cutting of biological tissues as well as imaging via OCT is a very interesting tool. It opens up a wide range of new surgery techniques and improves many existing methods due to high precision and high flexibility of the cutting process. Therefore we combined a femtosecond cutting system and a fourier domain OCT. In a first attempt the OCT is driven with an SLD and is used alternately to the cutting system. The OCT is integrated into the optical path which enables in situ imaging of the surgery area.
Inorganic chemistry (1940)

H. J. Emeléus and A. J. E. Welch, Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem., 1940, 37, 125 DOI: 10.1039/AR9403700125
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Induces Apoptosis in Neonatal Rat Cardiac Myocytes (1997)

Early heart failure is characterized by elevated plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) levels, but little is known about the direct effects of ANP on cardiac myocytes. In neonatal rat cardiac myocytes, ANP induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent and cell type-specific manner. Maximum effects occurred at 1 microM ANP, with a 4-5-fold increase in apoptotic cells, reaching a maximum apoptotic index of 19%. In contrast, the maximum apoptotic index of ANP-treated non-myocytes was 1.1 +/- 0.2%, equivalent to control cultures. ANP treatment also sharply reduced levels of Mcl-1 mRNA, a Bcl-2 homologue, coincident with the increase in the incidence of apoptosis. ANP induction of apoptosis was receptor-dependent and mediated by cyclic GMP: the effect was mimicked by 8-bromo-cGMP, a membrane-permeable analog, and by sodium nitroprusside, an activator of soluble guanylyl cyclase, and was potentiated by a cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor, zaprinast. Interestingly, norepinephrine, a myocyte growth factor, inhibited ANP-induced apoptosis via activation of the beta-adrenergic receptor and elevation of cyclic AMP. These results show that ANP is a specific effector of cardiac myocyte apoptosis in culture via receptor-mediated elevation of cGMP. Furthermore, at least in this model, ANP and norepinephrine may have opposing roles in the modulation of cardiac myocyte growth and survival.
Use of hollow fiber membrane filtration for the removal of DMSO from platelet concentrates (2003)

It has been hypothesized that, in addition to freezing injury, some damage to platelets may result from the cell packing that occurs during removal of the cryoprotectant. This study examined DMSO removal by fluid exchange across hollow-fiber (HF) filters as an alternative to centrifugation. The DMSO solution with or without cell suspension was passed once through the filter. The optimum exchange during unloading of DMSO was determined by varying the flow rates in the external and internal compartments of the HF filter. Initially, buffered solutions of a 5% DMSO solution in the absence of platelets were pumped into the fibers and exchanged against PBS. The residual DMSO was determined by osmometry. The exchange of DMSO across the membrane was flow dependent and also influenced by the chemical nature of the HF fibers. No protocol using a reasonable rate flow through the fibers removed more than 95% of the DMSO in a single pass. The optimum protocol was achieved with polysynthane fibers with an internal flow rate of approximately 20 mi/min and an external flow rate of 100 ml/min. Subsequently, frozen/thawed platelet concentrates in DMSO were washed using centrifugation and compared to the HF filtration method. Platelet quality was assayed by flow cytometry, cell count, morphology and osmotic stress test. Both filtration and centrifugal washing techniques resulted in comparable morphological scores and numbers of discoid cells. When agents reducing platelet activation were added, platelet quality was improved after washing by either technique. The lower platelet osmotic response with HF filtration than with centrifugation while using activation inhibitors was attributed to the remaining amount of the inhibitors. All other parameters tested were similar. The expression of CD62P was equivalent with both techniques, and centrifugation did not activate platelets more than filtration contrary to what was originally anticipated. In conclusion, platelet quality was comparable after washing by either technique but hollow fiber filtration does remove cryoprotectant more rapidly than does centrifugation.
Hydrodynamics of Turbid Underflows. I: Formulation and Numerical Analysis (1999)

A mathematical model is developed for unsteady, two-dimensional, single-layer, depth-averaged turbid underflows driven by nonuniform, noncohesive sediment. The numerical solution is obtained by a high-resolution, total variation diminishing, finite-volume numerical model, which is known to capture sharp fronts accurately. The monotone upstream scheme for conservation laws is used in conjunction with predictor-corrector time-stepping to provide a second-order accurate solution. Flux-limiting is implemented to prevent the development of spurious oscillations near discontinuities. The model also possesses the capability to track the evolution and development of an erodible bed, due to sediment entrainment and deposition. This is accomplished by solving a bed-sediment conservation equation at each time step, independent of the hydrodynamic equations, with a predictor-corrector method. The model is verified by comparison to experimental data for currents driven by uniform and nonuniform sediment.
Paradigms of Reading (2002)

Linguistic signs do not coincide with intended or interpreted meanings. For relevance theory, this theoretical commonplace merely demonstrates the inferential nature of language. For Paul de Man, on t
A New SOLT Calibration Method for Leaky On-Wafer Measurements Using a 10-Term Error Model (2018)

We present a new short-open-load-thru (SOLT) calibration method for on-wafer S-parameter measurements. The new calibration method is based on a 10-term error model which is a simplified version of the 16-term error model. Compared with the latter, the former ignores all signal leakages except the ones between the probes. Experimental results show that this is valid for modern vector network analyzers. The advantage of using this 10-term error model is that the exact values of all error terms can be obtained by using the same calibration standards as the conventional SOLT method. This avoids not only the singularity problem with approximate methods, such as least squares, but also the usage of additional calibration standards. In this paper, we first demonstrate how the 10-term error model is developed, and then, the experimental verification of the theory is given. Finally, a practical application of the error model using a 10-dB attenuator from 140 to 220 GHz is presented. Compared with the conventional SOLT calibration method without crosstalk corrections, the new method shows approximately 1-dB improvement in the transmission coefficients of the attenuator at 220 GHz.
Cooperative probabilistic state estimation for vision-based autonomous mobile robots (2002)

With the services that autonomous robots are to provide becoming more demanding, the states that the robots have to estimate become more complex. In this paper, we develop and analyze a probabilistic, vision-based state estimation method for individual autonomous robots. This method enables a team of mobile robots to estimate their joint positions in a known environment and track the positions of autonomously moving objects. The state estimators of different robots cooperate to increase the accuracy and reliability of the estimation process. This cooperation between the robots enables them to track temporarily occluded objects and to faster recover their position after they have lost track of it. The method is empirically validated based on experiments with a team of physical robots.
Older parents and their adult children (2009)

Abstract This chapter explores the complex and diverse relationships between older people and their adult children, who may themselves be parents and grandparents. The foundation of this chapter is the assumption that those relationships are situated within an individual and collective biography and that continuities and discontinuities over the lifecourse will affect the negotiation of family relationships, the meanings attached to those relationships, and family practices.
Where Are All the Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis in Patients with Crohn's Disease? (2009)

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes a chronic granulomatous inflammation of the intestines, Johne's disease, in dairy cows and every other species of mammal in which it has been identified. MAP has been identified in the mucosal layer and deeper bowel wall in patients with Crohn's disease by methods other than light microscopy, and by direct visualization in small numbers by light microscopy. MAP has not been accepted as the cause of Crohn's disease in part because it has not been seen under the microscope in large numbers in the intestines of patients with Crohn's disease. An analysis of the literature on the pathology of Crohn's disease and on possible MAP infection in Crohn's patients suggests that MAP might directly infect endothelial cells and adipocytes and cause them to proliferate, causing focal obstruction within already existing vessels (including granuloma formation), the development of new vessels (neoangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis), and the "creeping fat" of the mesentery that is unique in human pathology to Crohn's disease but also occurs in bovine Johne's disease. Large numbers of MAP might therefore be found in the mesentery attached to segments of intestine affected by Crohn's disease rather than in the bowel wall, the blood and lymphatic vessels running through the mesentery, or the mesenteric fat itself. The walls of fistulas might result from the neoangiogenesis or lymphangiogenesis that occurs in the bowel wall in Crohn's disease and therefore are also possible sites of large numbers of MAP. The direct visualization of large numbers of MAP organisms in the tissues of patients with Crohn's disease will help establish that MAP causes Crohn's disease.
3D region-of-interest (ROI) reconstruction from truncated data in circular cone-beam CT (2008)

The circular cone-beam CT is one of the most widely adopted data-acquisition configurations in clinical and industrial applications, because it makes use of X-ray more effectively and shortens the scanning time. Among many algorithms for cone-beam circular scans, the FDK algorithm is the most widely used algorithm. It gives reasonably good results for small cone angle CT in case of no truncation in transverse direction, i.e., the cone beam covers the whole object in the full circular scan. When data contain transverse truncations, FDK algorithm may reconstruct images with significant truncation artifacts. Considering the importance of circular cone-beam scans in applications, in this paper we focus on a practically significant topic to reconstruct 3D ROI images from truncated circular cone-beam data. We expect the ROI images are free of truncation artifacts and comparable to the results obtained from nontruncated cone-beam data. Bade on the recent works, we summarize and develop a general 3D ROI reconstruction approach based on truncated Hilbert transform on PI-line segments. Backprojection-filtration (BPF) algorithm is combined with the method of iterated projections on convex sets (POCS) to invert the truncated Hilbert transform along a family of PI-line segments covering the ROI. In each iterative step, total variation (TV) method is used to denoising and optimizing the reconstructed 3D images in order to improve the iterative convergence speed. A novel data sufficiency condition is also presented that unique ROI reconstruction can be achieved from a more flexible family of data sets. For the interior problem, it shows the interior ROI can be reconstructed from the line integrals passing through not only this ROI but also another small region B located outside the object or on the edge of the object. It doesn’t require any other a priori knowledge. Computer-simulation studies were done to validate and evaluate the proposed 3D region-of-interest (ROI) imaging approach from truncated data in circular cone-beam CT
GUI GENERATION BASED ON LANGUAGE EXTENSIONS - A Model to Generate GUI, based on Source Code with Custom Attributes (2008)

Abstract: Due to data-driven application nature and its increasing complexity, developing its user interface can be a repetitive and time-consuming activity. Consequently, developers tend to focus more on the user interface aspects and less on business related code. In this paper, we’re presenting an alternative approach to graphical user interface development for data-driven applications, that allows developers to refocus on the source code and concentrate their efforts on application core logic. The key concept behind our approach is the generation of concrete graphical user interface from a source code based model, which includes the original source code metadata and non-intrusive declarative language extensions that describes the user interface structure. Concrete user interface implementation will be delegated to specialized software packages, developed by external entities, that provides complete graphical user interfaces services to the application. When applying our approach, we’re expecting faster graphical user interface development. 1
Biodegradation of DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane] by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium (1987)

Extensive biodegradation of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium was demonstrated by disappearance and mineralization of [14C]DDT in nutrient nitrogen-deficient cultures. Mass balance studies demonstrated the formation of polar and water-soluble metabolites during degradation. Hexane-extractable metabolites identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry included 1,1,-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDD), 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethanol (dicofol), 2,2-dichloro-1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethanol (FW-152), and 4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone (DBP). DDD was the first metabolite observed; it appeared after 3 days of incubation and disappeared from culture upon continued incubation. This, as well as the fact that [14C]dicofol was mineralized, demonstrates that intermediates formed during DDT degradation are also metabolized. These results demonstrate that the pathway for DDT degradation in P. chrysosporium is clearly different from the major pathway proposed for microbial or environmental degradation of DDT. Like P. chrysosporium ME-446 and BKM-F-1767, the white rot fungi Pleurotus ostreatus, Phellinus weirii, and Polyporus versicolor also mineralized DDT.
Stabilized Micelles of Amphoteric Polyurethane Formed by Thermoresponsive Micellization in HCl Aqueous Solution (2008)

The thermoresponsive micellization behavior of amphoteric polyurethane (APU) was studied in HCl aqueous solution (pH 2.0) through light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and fluorescent measurement. When APU concentration is high enough, nonreversible assembly of macromolecules can be observed with temperature decreasing from 25 to 4 degrees C. However, micelles reaching equilibrium at 4 degrees C can self-assemble reversibly in the temperature range of 4-55 degrees C. According to our research, we found it is the temperature sensitivity of the poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) segments that leads to the reassembly of APU at lower temperature. We proposed that core-shell-corona micelles ultimately form with hydrophobic core, PPO shell, and hydrophilic corona when temperature increases from 4 to 25 degrees C. This structure is very stable and does not change at higher temperatures (25-55 degrees C). That provides a new way to obtain stable micelles with small size and narrow size distribution at higher concentration of APU.
Merkle Search Trees: Efficient State-Based CRDTs in Open Networks (2019)

Most recent CRDT techniques rely on a causal broadcast primitive to provide guarantees on the delivery of operation deltas. Such a primitive is unfortunately hard to implement efficiently in large open networks, whose membership is often difficult to track. As an alternative, we argue in this paper that pure state-based CRDTs can be efficiently implemented by encoding states as specialized Merkle trees, and that this approach is well suited to open networks where many nodes may join and leave. At the core of our contribution lies a new kind of Merkle tree, called Merkle Search Tree (MST), that implements a balanced search tree while maintaining key ordering. This latter property makes it particularly efficient in the case of updates on sets of sequential keys, a common occurrence in many applications. We use this new data structure to implement a distributed event store, and show its efficiency in very large systems with low rates of updates. In particular, we show that in some scenarios our approach is able to achieve both a 66% reduction of bandwidth cost over a vector-clock approach, as well as a 34% improvement in consistency level. We finally suggest other uses of our construction for distributed databases in open networks.