gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intra-body communication model based on variable biological parameters (2015)

This paper presents a simple, yet realistic and accurate model for signal transmission through the human body. The model is developed for intra-body communications, covering the range 100 KHz-50 MHz. To gain a deeper insight about the human body gain profile, biological parameters collected from statistical studies, were utilized when deriving the representative circuit model. The resulting model is the first to consider human age and weight as input parameters determining the models' response, and hence the different impedance values. Simulation results compared with prior work using conventional modeling approaches, as well as, with previously published experimental results, confirm the models' accuracy.
Rechtspersönlichkeit der Europäischen Union nach den Vertragsänderungen von Amsterdam: Wer handelt in GASP und PJZ? (2000)

ZEuS verfolgt ein breit angelegtes Konzept: Die Beiträge widmen sich aktuellen und grundsätzlichen Problemen der Europäischen Integration, des Europarechts und des Internationalen Rechts. Mit der Möglichkeit in deutscher, englischer, französischer und spanischer Sprache zu veröffentlichen, bietet ZEuS ein ideales internationales Forum für Beiträge aus Wissenschaft und Praxis.
A Decade of Iontronic Delivery Devices (2018)

Abstract In contrast to electronic systems, biology rarely uses electrons as the signal to regulate functions, but rather ions and molecules of varying size. Due to the unique combination of both electronic and ionic/molecular conductivity in conjugated polymers and polyelectrolytes, these materials have emerged as an excellent tool for translating signals between these two realms, hence the field of organic bioelectronics. Since organic bioelectronics relies on the electron‐mediated transport and compensation of ions (or the ion‐mediated transport and compensation of electrons), a great deal of effort has been devoted to the development of so‐called “iontronic” components to effect precise substance delivery/transport, that is, components where ions are the dominant charge carrier and where ionic–electronic coupling defines device functionality. This effort has resulted in a range of technologies including ionic resistors, diodes, transistors, and basic logic circuits for the precisely controlled transport and delivery of biologically active chemicals. This Research News article presents a brief overview of some of these “ion pumping” technologies, how they have evolved over the last decade, and a discussion of applications in vitro, in vivo, and in plantae.
GENERALIZED TV-STOKES MODEL (2010)

Contemporary TV-Stokes models are based on the so-called two-step methods [1?7]. The first step is to regularize tangential vector field to the level curves of the image and the second step is to reconstruct an image whose gradient fits in the regularized normal vector in the first step. In this paper, we propose the general framework of TV-Stokes models and provide an efficient and fast numerical algorithm based on the augmented Lagrangian method. The proposed model and numerical algorithm have the potential to be used for a number of applications such as image inpainting, image decomposition, surface reconstruction from the sparse gradient, direction denoising, and image denoising. Comparing with the properties of the L²-norm and the L¹-norm in the fidelity term, a proper choice of norms is investigated in each application.We numerically show that the proposed model recovers jump discontinuities of a data and discontinuities of the data gradient while reducing stair-case effect.
A Highly Arginolytic Streptococcus Species That Potently Antagonizes Streptococcus mutans (2016)

The ability of certain oral biofilm bacteria to moderate pH through arginine metabolism by the arginine deiminase system (ADS) is a deterrent to the development of dental caries. Here, we characterize a novel Streptococcus strain, designated strain A12, isolated from supragingival dental plaque of a caries-free individual. A12 not only expressed the ADS pathway at high levels under a variety of conditions but also effectively inhibited growth and two intercellular signaling pathways of the dental caries pathogen Streptococcus mutans. A12 produced copious amounts of H2O2 via the pyruvate oxidase enzyme that were sufficient to arrest the growth of S. mutans. A12 also produced a protease similar to challisin (Sgc) of Streptococcus gordonii that was able to block the competence-stimulating peptide (CSP)-ComDE signaling system, which is essential for bacteriocin production by S. mutans. Wild-type A12, but not an sgc mutant derivative, could protect the sensitive indicator strain Streptococcus sanguinis SK150 from killing by the bacteriocins of S. mutans. A12, but not S. gordonii, could also block the XIP (comX-inducing peptide) signaling pathway, which is the proximal regulator of genetic competence in S. mutans, but Sgc was not required for this activity. The complete genome sequence of A12 was determined, and phylogenomic analyses compared A12 to streptococcal reference genomes. A12 was most similar to Streptococcus australis and Streptococcus parasanguinis but sufficiently different that it may represent a new species. A12-like organisms may play crucial roles in the promotion of stable, health-associated oral biofilm communities by moderating plaque pH and interfering with the growth and virulence of caries pathogens.
A Model-Based Layer-to-Layer Control Algorithm for Ink-Jet 3D Printing (2014)

Ink-jet 3D printing is a promising technology for additive manufacturing, with the potential for impacting a wide variety of industries. In traditional ink-jet 3D printing, the part is built up by depositing droplets layer upon layer in an open-loop manner. Droplet and edge dimensions are typically predicted experimentally and are assumed to remain constant through the printing process. However, there is no guarantee of consistent droplet shape and dimensions or the smoothness of the finished parts due to uncertainties in the manufacturing process. To address this issue, we propose a model-based feedback control law for ink-jet 3D printing that uses a height sensor for measuring profile height after each layer for determining the appropriate layer patterns for subsequent layers. Towards this goal, a simple model describing the relationship between profile height change and droplet deposition in the layer building process is first proposed and experimentally identified. Based on this model, a closed-loop layer-to-layer control algorithm is then developed for the ink-jet printing process. Specifically, the proposed algorithm uses a model prediction control algorithm to minimize the difference between the predicted height and the desired height and the predicted surface unevenness after a fixed number of layers. Experimental results show that the algorithm is able to achieve more consistent shapes between layers, reduced edge shrinking of the part, and smoother surface of the top layer.
Potassium Trimethylsilanolate-Mediated Conversion of Dialkyl Phosphonates to Their Anhydrous Potassium Monoalkyl Phosphonates Under Mild, Non-Aqueous Conditions (2005)

Anhydrous potassium monoalkyl phosphonates have been prepared from the corresponding dialkyl phosphonates and potassium trimethylsilanolate under non-aqueous conditions in good to excellent yields. Simple workup procedure has been developed to afford high purity products.
Semi-automated magazine layout using content-based image features (2012)

We present a system for automating magazine layout process and data on its performance in a user evaluation test. The purpose of the study is to find the feasibility of the key system variables on the end-user. This semi-automatic system is based on content-based image feature algorithms to automate the layout process. The image related automation includes image cropping, overlaying text on top of images, image color palette creation, and image alignment. The algorithms rely on principles of photography and are used here together in the context of graphic design. For example the rule-of-space and leading line concepts can be extended to layout contexts for improved alignment of text and images. The computation is based on automatic analysis, such as face detection, color saliency, and textureness. We used the automation to create a functional prototype, an iPad magazine, using an open HTML5 eBook framework, which relies on CSS3 media queries for the layout adaptation. User experiments (40 participants) were conducted where the system was compared against two commercial iPad magazine systems in terms of overall usability with emphasis on visual aspects. Questionnaires and free commenting was used in a task-based usage scenario. The experiments were video recorded and the user comments were transcribed and coded into attributes. Usability results mixed with qualitative observation are reported. Results show that usability, read- ability and visuality are important to the users. Our system was considered more usable than the other two systems with some of the defining aspects being simplicity in terms of usability, subjective readability and visual clarity.
Islet Glia, Neurons, and β Cells (2008)

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by autoimmune beta cell destruction. The early events triggering T1D and the forces that keep diabetic autoimmunity pancreas specific have been unclear. Our discovery that autoimmune islet destruction is not beta-cell-exclusive but includes cytotoxic T cell targeting of peri-islet glia, evoked the possibility that T1D pathogenesis may involve neuronal elements beyond beta cell/immune interactions. Recently, we have found that sensory afferent neurons are a critical component in prediabetes initiation, promoting islet inflammation through altered glucose homeostasis and progressive beta cell stress. These factors orchestrate a catastrophic cascade culminating in insulin insufficiency mediated by an autoimmune-prone host. This neuro-immuno-endocrinological triad explains diabetic inflammation as a consequence of local neuropeptide deficiency, leading to an innovative concept of disease pathogenesis with novel therapeutic implications.
Oblique reflection of a laser pulse from a perfect elastic mirror (2013)

An oblique reflection of a laser pulse from a fully reflective mirror is treated using the fundamental nonrelativistic conservation principles of energy and momentum. Since the mirror is considered as an elastic object, the reflection of light gives rise to an elastic wave with measurable amplitude that propagates within the mirror. Our results predict a larger Doppler shift in the reflected pulse for the most common setting, when the mirror is initially at rest, compared to the results obtained when the mirror is treated as rigid.
Nitride film growth morphology using remote plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (2007)

Abstract Gallium nitride and indium nitride films have been grown by remote plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RPECVD) at temperatures between 570 and 650 °C for GaN and between 350 and 570 °C for InN on different substrates. For GaN vast improvements in film morphology and quality have resulted from reductions in background impurities when compared to previous reports. Epitaxial material can now be grown at 650 °C under optimized growth conditions. Columnar growth still occurs for growth on some substrates, however film coalescence is observed when using appropriate buffer layers and epitaxial growth can also be observed. High resolution SEM images show examples of this. The root‐mean‐square surface roughness of epitaxial samples, as measured using atomic force microscopy, shows values of as little as 10 Angstroms. While X‐ray diffraction shows that these surfaces are not amorphous but have a strong (0001) preferred axis with FWHM limited by instrumental effects to (2θ) 0.085 degrees. The improvement in film quality has allowed heavily doped n‐type films to be grown with an electron mobility of 160 cm 2 /V·s for a carrier concentration of ∼ 1x10 19 cm –3 at 650 °C. Moss‐Burstein shifted absorption data confirms the high doping level. For InN film growth by RPECVD, columnar growth is commonly observed in the temperature region of interest for films grown directly on sapphire, however film coalescence and epitaxial films are also observed for this material. X‐ray diffraction indicates very sharp (0002) peaks with FWHM of (2θ) 0.07 degrees. High resolution SEM images show examples of film morphology at different growth temperatures. Electron backscattered diffraction images indicate a wurtzite structure even for InN films with strong deviations from the accepted lattice parameters. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparison of Facially Amphiphilic Biaryl Dendrimers with Classical Amphiphilic Ones Using Protein Surface Recognition as the Tool (2006)

Facially amphiphilic biaryl dendrimers are compared with the more classical benzyl ether amphiphilic dendrimers for molecular recognition, using protein binding as the probe. The protein used for the proposed study is chymotrypsin (ChT). A generation-dependent binding affinity was observed with the benzyl ether dendrimers, while the affinities were independent of generation in the case of the biaryl dendrimers. Similarly, although the ligands incorporated in both dendrons are the same, the biaryl dendrimers are able to bind more proteins compared to the benzyl ether dendrimers. For example, G3-dendron of biaryl dendrimer can bind six molecules of chymotrypsin, whereas G3-analogue of benzyl ether dendrimers can bind only three molecules of chymotrypsin. This result is consistent with our hypothesis that the internal layers of the facially amphiphilic biaryl dendrons are solvent-exposed and accessible for recognition. In addition, the systematic size differences in dendrons were also used to gain insights into the substrate selectivity that the enzyme gains upon binding to a ligand scaffold.
Loss of Transcriptional Activation of Three Sterol-Regulated Genes in Mutant Hamster Cells (1993)

Cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake are controlled by a classic end product-feedback mechanism whereby elevated cellular sterol levels suppress transcription of the genes encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) synthase, HMG-CoA reductase, and the low-density lipoprotein receptor. The 5'-flanking region of each gene contains a common cis-acting element, designated the sterol regulatory element (SRE), that is required for transcriptional regulation. In this report, we describe mutant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines that lack SRE-dependent transcription. Mutant cell lines were isolated on the basis of their ability to survive treatment with amphotericin B, a polyene antibiotic that kills cells by interacting with cholesterol in the plasma membrane. Four mutant lines (SRD-6A, -B, -C, and -D) were found to be cholesterol auxotrophs and demonstrated constitutively low levels of mRNA for all three sterol-regulated genes even under conditions of sterol deprivation. The mutant cell lines were found to be genetically recessive, and all four lines belonged to the same complementation group. When transfected with a plasmid containing a sterol-regulated promoter fused to a bacterial reporter gene, SRD-6B cells demonstrated constitutively low levels of transcription, in contrast to wild-type CHO cells, which increased transcription under conditions of sterol deprivation. Mutation of the SREs in this plasmid prior to transfection reduced the level of expression in wild-type CHO cells deprived of sterols to the level of expression found in SRD-6B cells. The defect in SRD-6 cells is limited to transcriptional regulation, since posttranscriptional mechanisms of sterol-mediated regulation were intact: the cells retained the ability to posttranscriptionally suppress HMG-CoA reductase activity and to stimulate acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase activity. These results suggest that SRD-6 cells lack a factor required for SRE-dependent transcriptional activation. We contrast these cells with a previously isolated oxysterol-resistant cell line (SRD-2) that lacks a factor required for SRE-dependent transcriptional suppression and propose a model for the role of these genetically defined factors in sterol-mediated transcriptional regulation.
Low-Dimensional Semiconductor Superlattices Formed by Geometric Control over Nanocrystal Attachment (2012)

Oriented attachment, the process in which nanometer-sized crystals fuse by atomic bonding of specific crystal facets, is expected to be more difficult to control than nanocrystal self-assembly that is driven by entropic factors or weak van der Waals attractions. Here, we present a study of oriented attachment of PbSe nanocrystals that counteract this tuition. The reaction was studied in a thin film of the suspension casted on an immiscible liquid at a given temperature. We report that attachment can be controlled such that it occurs with one type of facets exclusively. By control of the temperature and particle concentration we obtain one- or two-dimensional PbSe single crystals, the latter with a honeycomb or square superimposed periodicity in the nanometer range. We demonstrate the ability to convert these PbSe superstructures into other semiconductor compounds with the preservation of crystallinity and geometry.
Nonlinear Behavior of Sound and Its Application (1988)

Recent developments in an investigation on nonlinear behavior of sound are described, primarily from the standpoint of how application is realized. The basic procedure for the application of nonlinear behavior is quite different from application of linear phenomena. In this paper, the principle of nonlinearity is discussed relevant to the square dependence on particle velocity or sound pressure. It is pointed out how the square dependence is realized in various nonlinear application techniques, like parametric amplification, bubble dynamics in water, nonlinear parameter tomography and so on.
The effects of 4-methylumbelliferone on hyaluronan synthesis, MMP2 activity, proliferation, and motility of human aortic smooth muscle cells (2009)

Extracellular matrix remodeling after proatherosclerotic injury involves an increase in hyaluronan (HA) that is coupled with vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration, proliferation, and with neointima formation. As such events are dependent on HA, in this study we assessed the effects on SMC behavior of 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU). As previously described in other cell types, 4-MU reduced HA in cultures of primary human aortic SMCs (AoSMCs) as well as the cellular content of the HA precursor UDP-glucuronic acid. We found that SMCs increased UDP-glucuronyl transferase 1 enzymes, which can reduce the cellular content of UDP-glucuronic acid confirming that the availability of the UDP-sugar substrates can regulate HA synthesis. Interestingly, we reported that 4-MU reduced the transcripts coding for the three HA synthases as well as UDP glucose pyrophosphorylase and dehydrogenase. As HA synthase transcript reduction is common to other cell types, the 4-MU effect on gene expression may be considered a mechanism for HA synthesis inhibition. Moreover, we showed that 4-MU strongly inhibits AoSMCs migration, which was restored by the addition of exogenous HA indicating that the rescuing depends on the interaction of HA with its receptor CD44. Besides the decrease in HA synthesis and cell migration, 4-MU reduced AoSMCs proliferation, indicating that 4-MU may exert a vasoprotective effect.
An Assessment of Buttrick's Homiletic (1993)

Sensing, Tim (1993) "An Assessment of Buttrick's Homiletic," Restoration Quarterly: Vol. 35 : No. 3. This repository hosts selected Restoration Quarterly articles in downloadable PDF format. For the benefit of users who would like to browse the contents of RQ, we have included all issue covers even when full-text articles from that issue are unavailable. All Restoration Quarterly articles are available in full text in the ATLA Religion Database, available through most university and theological libraries or through your local library’s inter-library loan service.
CELP coding using trellis-coded vector quantization of the excitation (2002)

We describe a systematic procedure to replace vector quantization (VQ) with trellis-coded vector quantization (TCVQ) in existing CELP coders. Following this procedure, we design an 8/16 kbit/s TCVQ CELP coder. We analyze the performance of this method in terms of quality and complexity. Our results show that a CELP coder using TCVQ produces significantly better quality than the same coder using VQ, with reasonable complexity. By modifying the TCVQ CELP coder parameters one can favorably trade coding quality against complexity and/or delay.
Amyloid Reduction by Amyloid-  Vaccination Also Reduces Mouse Tau Pathology and Protects from Neuron Loss in Two Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease (2009)

Shown to lower amyloid deposits and improve cognition in APP transgenic mouse models, immunotherapy appears to be a promising approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Due to limitations in available animal models, however, it has been unclear whether targeting amyloid is sufficient to reduce the other pathological hallmarks of AD-namely, accumulation of pathological, nonmutated tau and neuronal loss. We have now developed two transgenic mouse models (APPSw/NOS2(-/-) and APPSwDI/NOS2(-/-)) that more closely model AD. These mice show amyloid pathology, hyperphosphorylated and aggregated normal mouse tau, significant neuron loss, and cognitive deficits. A beta(1-42) or KLH vaccinations were started in these animals at 12 months, when disease progression and cognitive decline are well underway, and continued for 4 months. Vaccinated APPSwDI/NOS2(-/-) mice, which have predominantly vascular amyloid pathology, showed a 30% decrease in brain A beta and a 35-45% reduction in hyperphosphorylated tau. Neuron loss and cognitive deficits were partially reduced. In APPSw/NOS2(-/-) vaccinated mice, brain A beta was reduced by 65-85% and hyperphosphorylated tau by 50-60%. Furthermore, neurons were completely protected, and memory deficits were fully reversed. Microhemorrhage was observed in all vaccinated APPSw/NOS2(-/-) mice and remains a significant adverse event associated with immunotherapy. Nevertheless, by providing evidence that reducing amyloid pathology also reduces nonmutant tau pathology and blocks neuron loss, these data support the development of amyloid-lowering therapies for disease-modifying treatment of AD.