gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TH‐EF‐BRD‐05: A New Intensity Modulation Radiation Therapy (IMRT) Optimizer Solution with Robust Fluence Maps for MLC Segmentation (2015)

Purpose: Converting theoretical fluence maps to deliverable MLC segments while maintaining plan quality has posed a significant challenge for highly complex IMRT plans involving many fields. Rather than simplifying individual fluence maps, we have formulated the problem as a global dose domain fluence map optimization with anisotropic total variation regularization (FMOATVR) problem and then solve the large scale optimization problem. Methods: The 4π planning platform was used to select and optimize 20 non‐coplanar beams for 2 GBM, 2 head & neck, and 2 lung patients with varying prescription doses, including H&N case #2 that had 3 prescription dose levels of 54 Gy, 59.4 Gy, and 69.96 Gy. The plans were re‐run using FMOATVR and the same 20 4π beams. The L2 norm of dose deviation from the ideal prescription with zero dose to OARs was used as the objective function, which was subjected to anisotropic total variation regularization to encourage piecewise smoothness in the fluence maps. The fluences were stratified into equal step sizes to create 300 MLC segments. The dose distributions were normalized so the prescription dose covered cover 95% of the PTV. H&N case #2 was normalized to cover the 59.4 Gy PTV, which was included in the statistics. Results: Compared to the directly stratified 4π plans (4π DS), the 4π FMOATVR method reduced the average mean and max dose to the OARs by 3.54% and 4.15%, respectively, of the prescription dose. Dose coverage was also improved, evidenced by an average D98 and D99 increase of 1.63% and 2.74% of the prescription dose, respectively. The average PTV homogeneity was increased from 0.833 to 0.905. Conclusion: The global dose domain fluence map optimization formula and its solver provides a straightforward yet potent method to attain high quality while remaining robust to MLC segmentation for complex IMRT. This work is supported in part by Varian Medical Systems, Inc.
Influence of calcium, magnesium and potassium in the soil on guava plants (Psidium guajava L.), cv. Paluma production. (2000)

The objective of the present research was to study the influence of application of calcium, magnesium and potassium in the soil on guava production. The experiment was carried out in São Tomé, PR. The guava plants were 2 years and nine months old. The randomized design was used as a statistical model consisting of 4 treatments (control, 450 g/plant of calcium, magnesium and potassium) with 4 replications. The parameters evaluated were the nutrients in soil and leaves and production (number of fruits per plant, weight of the fruits and total production per plant (kg per plant)). There were significant differences in relation to calcium, magnesium and potassium concentration in the soil. On the other hand, no significant differences in relation to the pH values, H+Al and P were observed. It was verified that the concentration values of nitrogen, calcium and magnesium in the guava leaves were significantly higher in relation to control. It was noticed that the concentration of potassium in the guava leaves reduced over time, and the reduction was of 28% in the third analysis in relation to the first one, characterizing its mobility and exportation by harvesting. At the first harvest, the production was more dependent on the treatment in which magnesium was added in the soil. At the second harvest, howewer, there was no significant difference in the production between the treatments. The increase in the number of fruits per plant resulted in a reduction of their weight
High Mobility Group Box 1 Protein as a Potential Drug Target for Infection- and Injury-Elicited Inflammation (2010)

In response to infection or injury, a ubiquitous nucleosomal protein, HMGB1 is secreted actively by innate immune cells, and / or released passively by injured/damaged cells. Subsequently, extracellular HMGB1 alerts, recruits, and activates various innate immune cells to sustain a rigorous inflammatory response. A growing number of HMGB1 inhibitors ranging from neutralizing antibodies, endogenous hormones, to medicinal herb-derived small molecule HMGB1 inhibitors (such as nicotine, glycyrrhizin, tanshinones, and EGCG) are proven protective against lethal infection and ischemic injury. Here we review emerging evidence that support extracellular HMGB1 as a proinflammatory alarmin(g) danger signal, and discuss a wide array of HMGB1 inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for sepsis and ischemic injury.
Motores paso a paso, introducción a su funcionamiento y control en lazo abierto (2003)

Con esta tercera parte se pretende que nos familiaricemos un poco más con las secuencias de activación de las fases de los motores paso a paso. Para ello, prescindiremos del circuito controlador L297 y pasaremos a realizar el control generando nosotros mismos las señales ABCD desde un PC. El control será en lazo abierto y no tendremos potestad sobre la corriente que consuma el motor, a no ser que se implemente circuitería adicional.
Electrode geometries for periodic poling of ferroelectric materials (1998)

We have realized novel electrode configurations for efficient periodic poling of ferroelectric crystals by applying a simple patterning method based on laser-induced material ablation. The new geometries were theoretically investigated and compared with conventional configurations. A systematic optimization of the patterning according to the ablated profile led to high-quality quasi-phase-matched structures in lithium niobate with a grating period of 20 mum . The periodically poled samples were characterized by use of third-order second-harmonic generation of a Nd:YAG laser.
Flow Bindings in Mobile IPv6 and Nemo Basic Support (2007)

This document introduces extensions to Mobile IPv6 [1] and Nemo Basic
Support [2] that allow nodes to bind one or more flows to a care-of
address. These extensions allow multihomed nodes to take full
advantage of the different properties associated with each of their
interfaces.
Improving traffic simulation models and emissions models using on -board vehicle dynamics data (2008)

Recent developments in environmental policies require designers to consider the air quality impacts of new transportation management plans and changes in land use. Therefore, the traditional traffic simulation packages are being updated for improved estimation of vehicle emission estimates. Traditionally, emissions estimates in traffic simulation models were calculated based on an average traffic speed for roadway segments. However, recent research shows that vehicle emissions are a function of individual second-by-second vehicle dynamics or operating mode (cruise versus acceleration or a 1-second time series of acceleration and deceleration for example) and average speed is not a good predictor of vehicle emissions. New emissions models under development and final testing require microscopic traffic and vehicle operations data that are currently not collected or output from traffic simulation models. The accuracy of new emissions models requires consideration of the temporal profile of individual vehicle dynamics on the roadway or at intersections. Therefore, fundamental changes are necessary to fully integrate traffic simulation and vehicle emissions models for optimum functionality. This research makes use of two relatively large real world datasets of 1-Hz on-board, on-road data collected from 22 volunteer drivers to identify fundamental improvements to methods and theories commonly used in current traffic simulation and vehicle emissions modeling. Ultimately, this dissertation addresses these fundamental changes and recommends methods that should be used for the next generation of tools for environmental and transportation planners. ^
Knowledge engineering tools for reasoning with scientific observations and interpretations: a neural connectivity use case (2011)

We first introduce the KEfED approach as a general approach and describe its possible role as a way of introducing structured reasoning into models of argumentation within new models of scientific publication. We then describe the design and implementation of our example application: the BioScholar software. This is presented as a possible biocuration interface and supplementary reasoning toolkit for a larger, more specialized bioinformatics system: the Brain Architecture Management System (BAMS).
Compositional study of ultrathin rapidly reoxidized nitrided oxides (1989)

Ultrathin nitrided oxides (7.7 nm) were reoxidized for the first time by lamp-heated rapid thermal annealing in O2 at 900–1150 °C for 15–600 s. Compositions and residual hydrogen contents in various reoxidized nitrided oxides were studied by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), respectively. AES analyses show that as reoxidation proceeds, the nitrogen concentration peak near the outer surface decreases rapidly, while that near the Si-SiO2 interface [N]int decreases very slowly. It is newly found that the nitrogen-rich layer near the Si-SiO2 interface moves further into the substrate as reoxidation proceeds, following a movement similar to that of the Si-SiO2 interface. As the starting nitrogen content is lowered or the reoxidation temperature is raised, the distance of the peak movement ΔdAES and the reduction of [N]int are larger. The ΔdAES is found in quantitatively good agreement with the increase of film thickness evaluated by capacitance-voltage measurements. The movements are due to the diffusion-limited interfacial oxidation. In contrast to reoxidation, annealing in N2 of nitrided oxides scarcely reduces the [N]int and does not increase ΔdAES. SIMS analyses show that as reoxidation proceeds, hydrogen concentration [H] in the film decreases monotonically. As the starting nitrogen content is lowered or the reoxidation temperature is raised, [H] decreases more rapidly. Electron trapping was monitored by flat-band voltage shift ΔVFB under high-field stress, and ΔVFB is found to decrease with the reduction of [H] following a proportional relation regardless of the fabrication condition. [H] is also reduced by annealing in N2 and the reduction is comparable to that by reoxidation.
Microwave Reflection and Transmission Measurements for Pulmonary Diagnosis and Monitoring (1978)

The potential of using low intensity penetrating microwave energy in diagnosis and monitoring of pulmonary diseases such as edema and emphysema has been investigated theoretically and in selected animal models. These diseases are characterized by changes in total lung water which modify the permittivity and conductivity of the lung tissue, and consequently affect the microwave reflection from or transmission through the lung. Both reflection and transmission measurement techniques have been examined. Animal experiments have indicated changes in microwave reflection with lung water changes. The diagnostic capabilities of transmission measurements have been evaluated experimentally on a phantom model, and theoretically on a planelayered tissue model.
Magnetic and structural inhomogeneities of the La1 − x Ca x MnO3 + δ manganites (2007)

The specific features revealed in the behavior of the parameters of the crystal structure and the lattice dynamics of the La1 − x Ca x MnO3 + δ manganites upon the transition to a magnetically ordered state are investigated using X-ray powder diffraction and inelastic neutron scattering. The results obtained are explained in terms of an inhomogeneous state of the samples. This state manifests itself in the form of local regions that are enriched or depleted in charge carriers, with the former regions characterized by the highest temperature of ferromagnetic ordering in the system under investigation. A comparison of the evolution of the crystal structure with variations in the temperature both in the presence and in the absence of a magnetic field has demonstrated that the inhomogeneities are eliminated by an external magnetic field and that the regions enriched in charge carriers become predominant in the system.
Measurement of glycosylated hemoglobins using boronate affinity chromatography. (1984)

A boronate affinity column method for the measurement of glycosylated hemoglobins was evaluated. In the procedure the glycosylated hemoglobins were bound by immobilized boronic acid to separate them from nonglycosylated hemoglobins. Elution of bound glycosylated hemoglobins was carried out with sorbitol buffer, and the absorbance was read at 414 nm. The method was linear to a glycosylated hemoglobin concentration of at least 20 percent. The precision of the method ranged from 1.2 to 2.8 percent (C.V.) within-run, and 3.4 to 5.3 percent day-to-day. The reference interval was 4.8 to 6.4 percent. The method correlated with a cation exchange resin mini-column method (r = 0.94) and a colorimetric method (r = 0.93) but results from the boronate affinity method were higher in diabetic patients. The measured glycosylated hemoglobin was significantly correlated with estimated one-day-mean plasma glucose in diabetic patients (r = 0.54, n = 52, p less than 0.002). The affinity method provides an attractive alternative to earlier methods for measuring glycosylated hemoglobins.
Residual Stresses at Laser Surface Remelting and Additive Manufacturing (2011)

A thermo-elastic model for calculation of the residual stresses is proposed and experimentally validated. Residual stresses depend on the shape of the remelted domain but are independent of its size. The maximum tensile residual stresses arise in the remelted region in the scanning direction. The calculated longitudinal tensile stresses are about twice greater than the transversal ones. The model explains formation of two systems of longitudinal and transversal cracks observed in experiments. The residual stresses are proportional to the difference between the ambient and melting temperatures, which justifies the known method to reduce the stresses by preheating.
Application of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy to the compositional analysis of biscuits and biscuit doughs (1984)

Abstract The possible use of near infrared (n.i.r.) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in the monitoring of automatic metering equipment used for fat, sucrose, dry flour and water in short dough biscuit production has been investigated. The experimental design involved randomisation of a standard pilot scale Lincoln biscuit recipe to produce calibration and prediction samples and comparison of n.i.r. results with the levels of ingredients determined from the recipe. The use of several strategies based on regression analysis for selection of the ‘best’ wavelengths for reflectance measurements for each analyte was investigated. A novel strategy based on computing the regressions on analyte concentration of all possible pairs of reflectance readings across the spectrum at given intervals is presented. The results of the experiments demonstrate that the precision of the n.i.r. method is excellent for all four constituents, but only the calibrations for fat are sufficiently accurate to be capable of detection of metering errors of ±5% relative to the total amount of fat in the recipe.
Phytase, a New Life for an “Old” Enzyme (2012)

Phytases are phosphohydrolytic enzymes that initiate stepwise removal of phosphate from phytate. Simple-stomached species such as swine, poultry, and fish require extrinsic phytase to digest phytate, the major form of phosphorus in plant-based feeds. Consequently, this enzyme is supplemented in these species' diets to decrease their phosphorus excretion, and it has emerged as one of the most effective and lucrative feed additives. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the evolving course of phytase science and technology. It gives realistic estimates of the versatile roles of phytase in animal feeding, environmental protection, rock phosphorus preservation, human nutrition and health, and industrial applications. It elaborates on new biotechnology and existing issues related to developing novel microbial phytases as well as phytase-transgenic plants and animals. And it targets critical and integrated analyses on the global impact, novel application, and future demand of phytase in promoting animal agriculture, human health, and societal sustainability.
Prior H1N1 Influenza Infection and Susceptibility of Cleveland Family Study Participants during the H2N2 Pandemic of 1957: An Experiment of Nature (2005)

During a pandemic, influenza vaccines that rely on neutralizing antibodies to protect against matched viruses might not be available early enough. Much broader (heterosubtypic) immune protection is seen in animals. Do humans also have cross-subtype immunity? To investigate this issue, archival records from the Cleveland Family Study, which was conducted before and during the 1957 pandemic (during which a shift from subtype H1N1 to H2N2 occurred), were analyzed. Only 5.6% of the adults who had had symptomatic influenza A in earlier study years developed influenza during the pandemic, despite living in households with participants who had influenza. In contrast, 55.2% of the children who had had symptomatic influenza A contracted it again. These findings suggest an impact of accumulated heterosubtypic immunity during a pandemic. Such immunity, as well as its implications for vaccination, should be further investigated.
Promoting adequate nutrition: using artificial feeding (2006)

An earlier article in this series (Holman et al 2005a) identified that in some circumstances the decision is made to administer artificial feeding. Here, Cheryl Holman, Sally Roberts and Maggie Nicol describe the reasons why artificial feeding may be necessary in older people and how it can be administered.
Isolation and characterization of human and rat cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (1993)

Although reciprocal intercellular signaling may occur between endocardial or microvascular endothelium and cardiac myocytes, suitable in vitro models have not been well characterized. In this report, we describe the isolation and primary culture of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMEC) from both adult rat and human ventricular tissue. Differential uptake of fluorescently labeled acetylated low-density lipoprotein (Ac-LDL) indicated that primary isolates of rat CMEC were quite homogeneous, unlike primary isolates of human ventricular tissue, which required cell sorting based on Ac-LDL uptake to create endothelial cell-enriched primary cultures. The endothelial phenotype of both primary isolates and postsort subcultured CMEC and their microvascular origin were determined by characteristic histochemical staining for a number of endothelial cell-specific markers, by the absence of cells with fibroblast or pericyte-specific cell surface antigens, and by rapid tube formation on purified basement membrane preparations. Importantly, [3H]-thymidine uptake was increased 2.3-fold in subconfluent rat microvascular endothelial cells 3 days after coculture with adult rat ventricular myocytes because of release of an endothelial cell mitogen(s) into the extracellular matrix, resulting in a 68% increase in cell number compared with CMEC in monoculture. Thus biologically relevant cell-to-cell interactions can be modeled with this in vitro system.
6<i>H</i>-Dibenzo[<i>b,d</i>]pyrans. I. Synthesis (1975)

The preparation of 2′,4′-dihydroxy- and 2′,6′-dihydroxybiphenyl-2-carboxylic acid lactones (3 and 4) is described. Grignard addition to or direct boron trifluoride etherate – sodium borohydride reduction of these lactones yields respectively these 6,6-substituted (e.g. 6) or the 6,6-unsubstituted (13a) 6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyrans. Evidence that the reductive route proceeds without ring cleavage is presented.
Portraits in situ (2015)

Cette section regroupe des portraits où le modèle, saisi dans son milieu naturel, envisagé dans la spécificité de son activité, est présenté comme pris sur le vif. Que cette impression soit le fruit d’une rencontre réelle ou fictive, qu’elle traduise un échange confraternel ou une observation défiante, c’est tout d’abord un intérêt réciproque qui transparaît, et s’exprime à travers des réseaux de sociabilité communs. Le salon de la princesse de Salm en est un exemple représentatif, tout comme...
Group 4 <i>ansa-</i>Cyclopentadienyl-Amido Catalysts for Olefin Polymerization (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGroup 4 ansa-Cyclopentadienyl-Amido Catalysts for Olefin PolymerizationAndrew L. McKnight and Robert M. WaymouthView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 7, 2587–2598Publication Date (Web):October 17, 1998Publication History Received8 January 1998Revised31 August 1998Published online17 October 1998Published inissue 5 November 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr940442rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr940442rresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4507Altmetric-Citations909LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Copolymerization,Copolymers,Hydrocarbons,Styrenes Get e-Alerts
Optimal spectral and power parameters for all-optical wavelength shifting: single stage, fanout, and cascadability (1995)

We analyze a gain-saturated semiconductor-optical-amplifier (SOA) all-optical wavelength shifter with respect to its spectral and power characteristics as well as its capability for high fanout and cascadability. The extinction and signal-to-noise ratios, the two main figures-of-merit for a wavelength-shifted signal, are determined by accounting for gain saturation and spectral shifting which occur due to the depletion of the injected carrier density.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Serial Port Complete: Programming and Circuits for RS-232 and RS-485 Links and Networks with Disk (1999)

From the Publisher:
The program code and original circuit designs in this book will give a quick start to any project that involves RS-232 or RS-485 serial interfaces.
Topics include:

Link PCs and embedded controllers, in any combination.
Select the interface, cable, and connectors that are right for your projects.
Learn secrets for error-free transmitting on RS-485 networks.
Use Visual Basic to access serial ports on PCs.
Design links for the Basic Stamp and 8052-Basic microcontrollers.
Develop projects quickly with schematics and code for a PC-to-PC link, PC-to-embedded-controller link, RS-485 network, simple Stamp network, and more.

Includes disk with source code for all examples in the book.