gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Truthing for Pixel-Accurate Segmentation (2008)

We discuss problems in developing policies for ground truthing document images for pixel-accurate segmentation. First, we describe ground truthing policies that apply to four different scales: (1) paragraph, (2) text line, (3) character, and (4) pixel. We then analyze difficult and/or ambiguous cases that will challenge any policy, e.g. blank space, overlapping content, etc. Experiments have shown the benefit of using "tighter'' zones that capture more detail (e.g., at the text line level, instead of paragraph). We show that tighter ground truth does significantly improve classification results, by 45% in recent experiments. It is important to face the fact that a pixel-accurate segmentation can be better than manually obtained ground truth. In practice, perfectly accurate pixel-level ground truth may not be achievable of course, but we believe it is important to explore methods to semi-automatically improve existing ground truth.
The Fowl Leukosis Battle (1941)

A few years ago, chickens were dying right- and left on farms with a disease called range paralysis, fowl paralysis and various technical names. At that time we little understood the disease—its cause or what to do about it. Probably in the last 10 years this disease has caused more losses to the poultry raiser than any other single disease of adult poultry.
A Numerical Model for the Movement of Spilled Oil at Ocean (1994)

This paper describes a short-term prediction model for the movement of an oil slick in shallow waters. Under the assumption that the initial movement of the oil slick is governed by spreading and advection, the model has been developed and applied to Kyungki-Bay near Incheon Harbor. The initial spreading is estimated by using an empirical formula. The depth-averaged momentum equations are solved numerically for the volume transport velocities, in which the tide is the main driving source. A staggered grid system is adopted fur spatial discretization and the half-time method is implemented for time marching. The numerical result is visualized with the help of animation and thus the contaminated area is displayed on a monitor in time sequence. The input data are the time, the location and the volume of spill accident as well as environmental data such as md and tide.
Losses for microwave transmission in metamaterials for producing left-handed materials: The strip wires (2002)

This letter shows that the effective permittivity ε for those metamaterials so far used to obtain a left-handed medium, consisting of 0.003 cm thick Cu strip wires, is dominated by the imaginary part of ε at 10.6–11.5 GHz frequencies. This is the region of a bandpass filter for microwaves, and therefore there is no propagation since the wave is inhomogeneous inside the medium. We compare with results of Shelby et al. [Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 489 (2001)], and find that those are in error by ten orders of magnitude of the transmitted power. Also, from finite-difference time-domain calculations using the actual permittivity value of the Cu wires, we demonstrate that when the structure contains thicker wires, the losses are then reduced and the negative part of the permittivity dominates. Since the thickness of the wires is critical for the realization of a good transparent left-handed material, we propose that the strip wires should have thickness of 0.07–0.1 cm and the split ring resonators should be 0.030–0.06 cm thick.
Coordinating the <i>in vivo</i> processes for minicircle production - a novel approach to large scale manufacturing (2018)

ABSTRACT Safety as well as efficiency issues in connection with bacterial backbone sequences should be carefully considered when designing new DNA vaccines or non-viral gene therapy approaches. Bacterial backbone sequences like antibiotic resistance markers or regulatory bacterial elements constitute biological safety risks and reduce the overall efficiency of the DNA agent. To overcome these problems the minicircle technology has been developed. But, despite all the obvious advantages, minicircles have so far not replaced their problem laden conventional counterpart in gene transfer applications what can be contributed to efficiency issues in large scale manufacturing. In this article we describe the combined efforts of experts in the field of minicircle development, large scale biomanufacturing and downstream process development to provide a new approach. The Recombination Based Plasmid Separation (RBPS) Technology, which has already solved crucial problems associated with minicircle-DNA production, has been developed further for this purpose. A novel parental plasmid exploiting advanced in vivo process coordination for restriction and subsequent degradation of miniplasmid-DNA will be introduced. Furthermore we describe the scale-up of minicircle-DNA production by fermentation in combination with high performance downstream processes including purification by ion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography on monolithic material.
Parameter estimation of superimposed signals using the EM algorithm (1988)

A computationally efficient algorithm for parameter estimation of superimposed signals based on the two-step iterative EM (estimate-and-maximize, with an E step and an M step) algorithm is developed. The idea is to decompose the observed data into their signal components and then to estimate the parameters of each signal component separately. The algorithm iterates back and forth, using the current parameter estimates to decompose the observed data better and thus increase the likelihood of the next parameter estimates. The application of the algorithm to the multipath time delay and multiple-source location estimation problems is considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The practical implementation of an 11 kV rural distribution automation pilot scheme (1997)

The Yorkshire Electricity Group plc distributes electricity throughout Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, an area of approximately 10700 square kilometres with a population of 4.4 million. The Company employs some 4700 staff serving 2 million customers through a distribution system comprising 15000 kilometres of overhead line with 2500 units of secondary overhead line switchgear, and 37900 kilometres of underground cable with more than 30000 secondary substations connected to its distribution system. In its drive to improve customer service Yorkshire Electricity is considering strategies to improve availability of supply. One initiative is an investigation into the technology and benefits of implementing remote control and automation of the 11 kV distribution system. This paper discusses a rural automation pilot scheme and considers the operational management of the distribution system, the types of remotely operable switchgear available, the automation system architecture, the approach to system control and the benefit analysis.
HLA-G homodimer-induced cytokine secretion through HLA-G receptors on human decidual macrophages and natural killer cells (2009)

Human decidual CD14(+) macrophages and CD56(+) NK cells were isolated from material obtained after first-trimester pregnancy terminations. Each cell type expressed a specific surface receptor for histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G (an MHC class Ib protein that is expressed on extravillous trophoblasts), LILRB1 on CD14(+) macrophages and KIR2DL4 on CD56(+) NK cells. Cross-linking with anti-LILRB1 or anti-KIR2DL4 resulted in up-regulation of a small subset of mRNAs including those for IL-6, IL-8, and TNFalpha detected using a microarray representing 114 cytokines. Incubation with transfectants expressing the HLA-G homodimer (but not with transfectants expressing the HLA-G monomer) resulted in secretion of the same cytokine proteins from both leukocyte sets. Moreover, cytokine secretion from both leukocyte sets was blocked by both the appropriate anti-receptor mAb and by anti-HLA-G. The amount of these cytokines secreted by decidual macrophages was substantially greater than that secreted by decidual NK cells. VEGF was constitutively secreted by both cell types. LILRB1, which contains an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif, functions here as an activating receptor, although it has been known as an inhibitory receptor. KIR2DL4 also functions as an activating receptor, although it also has the potential to function as an inhibitory receptor. Secretion of proinflammatory and proangiogenic proteins supports a role for these leukocytes in important processes that are essential for successful pregnancy, but they may represent only a portion of the proteins that are secreted.
All-trans-retinoic acid: measurement of reference values in human serum by high performance liquid chromatography (1982)

A quantitative determination of physiological levels of all-trans-retinoic acid (vitamin A acid) in human serum has been developed. A double-phase extraction of 3.5 ml of serum followed by a specific and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography procedure allowed measurement of levels down to 1 ng/ml. Serum concentrations in 37 fasting volunteers ranged from 2.7 to 4.2 ng/ml and fitted a normal-Gaussian distributional shape with a mean value of 3.5 ng/ml and SD of 0.4 ng/ml, as demonstrated by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.
Tactile Sensors for Robotics and Medicine (1988)

From the Publisher:
A comprehensive review of the principles, design, and application of tactile sensors, incorporating new research results. Tactile sensors may be used in the augmentation or replacement of damaged human appendages, and they are used in robots, including applications in nuclear reactors, in underwater exploration, and in space. Contributors examine characteristics (and limitations) of sensor materials, the design of tactile sensors based on the physiology of the human hand, and numerous applications of this emerging technology.
The intrinsic behavior of lithium fluoride in solid electrolyte interphases on lithium (2019)

Lithium is the most attractive anode material for high-energy density rechargeable batteries, but its cycling is plagued by morphological irreversibility and dendrite growth that arise in part from its heterogeneous "native" solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Enriching the SEI with lithium fluoride (LiF) has recently gained popularity to improve Li cyclability. However, the intrinsic function of LiF-whether chemical, mechanical, or kinetic in nature-remains unknown. Herein, we investigated the stability of LiF in model LiF-enriched SEIs that are either artificially preformed or derived from fluorinated electrolytes, and thus, the effect of the LiF source on Li electrode behavior. We discovered that the mechanical integrity of LiF is easily compromised during plating, making it intrinsically unable to protect Li. The ensuing in situ repair of the interface by electrolyte, either regenerating LiF or forming an extra elastomeric "outer layer," is identified as the more critical determinant of Li electrode performance. Our findings present an updated and dynamic picture of the LiF-enriched SEI and demonstrate the need to carefully consider the combined role of ionic and electrolyte-derived layers in future design strategies.
The structural basis for the regulation of tissue transglutaminase by calcium ions (1999)

The role of calcium ions in the regulation of tissue transglutaminase is investigated by experimental approaches and computer modeling. A three-dimensional model of the transglutaminase is computed by homology building on crystallized human factor XIII and is used to interpret structural and functional results. The molecule is a prolate ellipsoid (6.2 x 4.2 x 11 nm) and comprises four domains, assembled pairwise into N-terminal and C-terminal regions. The active site is hidden in a cleft between these regions and is inaccessible to macromolecular substrates in the calcium-free form. Protein dynamics simulation indicates that these regions move apart upon addition of calcium ions, revealing the active site for catalysis. The protein dimensions are consistent with results obtained with small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering. The gyration radius of the protein (3 nm) increases in the presence of calcium ions (3.9 nm), but it is virtually unaffected in the presence of GTP, suggesting that only calcium ions can promote major structural changes in the native protein. Proteolysis of an exposed loop connecting the N-terminal and C-terminal regions is linearly correlated with enzyme inactivation and prevents the calcium-induced conformational changes.
Combined diffusion‐weighted and dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI for prostate cancer diagnosis—Correlation with biopsy and histopathology (2006)

All but two DW- and DCE-MRI parameters showed significant differences between tumor and normal prostate. Combining both techniques provides better sensitivity, with a small decrease in specificity.
Evaluation Of The Contribution Of Starting Pitchers In A Professional Baseball Team By Grey Relational Analysis (2012)

The evaluation of the contribution of professional baseball starting pitchers is a complex decision-making problem that includes several quantitative attributes. It is considered a type of multi-attribute or multi-criteria decision making (MADM/MCDM) problem. This study proposes a model using the Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) to evaluate the starting pitcher contribution for teams of the Chinese Professional Baseball League. The GRA calculates the individual grey relational degree of each alternative to the positive ideal alternative. An empirical analysis was conducted to show the use of the model for the starting pitcher contribution problem. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed model.
Ribosomal antibodies detected by immunofluorescence in systemic lupus erythematosus and other collagenoses. (1974)

A new ribosomal antibody is described in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus which reacts with all tissues from varied species, giving a distinctive immunofluorescence pattern. This can best be distinguished from other known autoantibodies on stomach where it reacts with chief cells and pancreas where exocrine cells are brightly stained. The ribosomal nature of the antigen was demonstrated by absorption of immunofluorescence and complement fixation studies using purified subcellular fractions. The antigen was unaffected by ribonuclease and was destroyed by trypsin, suggesting that it is one of the ribosomal proteins, while previously reported antibodies were mainly directed against ribosomal RNA, RNA–protein complexes, or polynucleotides and hybrids. The present ribosomal antibody is uncommon and occurs in less than 1% of SLE patients; its clinical significance is similar to that of ribosomal precipitins as the patients had renal involvement and several have died.
Posterior capsule tear with plate-haptic silicone intraocular lens dislocation (2000)

We report a case of posterior capsule rupture and posterior dislocation of an intraocular lens (IOL) caused by the tip of a silicone plate-haptic lens. The dislocation occurred during IOL implantation after uneventful phacoemulsification in a patient with a small pupil. Discussed are the possible reasons for the complication and measures to prevent it.
A flexible and low power telemetric sensing and monitoring system for chronic wound diagnostics (2015)

A flexible and non-invasive sensing system is developed to acquire and wirelessly transmit wound parameters from within a compression bandage and wound dressing worn on a human limb. Pre-clinical results on a healthy human subject suggest its clinical usability and value to health practitioners. However, further performance evaluations of the device on a wider population of healthy human subjects and on patients with chronic wounds are required to confirm its medial usefulness and to quantify its real impact on chronic wound management.
Rocket exhaust plume impingement on the Voyager spacecraft (1978)

In connection with the conduction of the long-duration Voyager missions to the outer planets and the sophisticated propulsion systems required, it was necessary to carry out an investigation to avoid exhaust plume impingement problems. The rarefied gas dynamics literature indicates that, for most engineering surfaces, the assumption of diffuse reemission and complete thermal accommodation is warranted in the free molecular flow regime. This assumption was applied to an analysis of a spacecraft plume impingement problem in the near-free molecular flow regime and yielded results to within a few percent of flight data. The importance of a correct treatment of the surface temperature was also demonstrated. Specular reflection, on the other hand, was shown to yield results which may be unconservative by a factor of 2 or 3. It is pointed out that one of the most difficult portions of an exhaust plume impingement analysis is the simulation of the impinged hardware. The geometry involved must be described as accurately and completely as possible.
Cellular Radio: Analog and Digital Systems (1994)

From the Publisher:
Covering analog and digital cellular communication systems, this book outlines solutions to analog cellular signal coverage. It describes practical digital microwave schemes used to transfer information and digitized speech among cell sites, the Mobile Telephone Switching Office, and the local telephone exchange, and shows how cellular radio systems can be tied to a nationwide network. Includes 500 equations and 212 illustrations.
Novel adamantane‐containing epoxy resin (2007)

Abstract A novel adamantane‐containing epoxy resin diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐adamantane (DGEBAda) was successfully synthesized from 1,3‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)adamantane by a one‐step method. The proposed structure of the epoxy resin was confirmed with Fourier transform infrared, 1 H‐NMR, gel permeation chromatography, and epoxy equivalent weight titration. The synthesized adamantane‐containing epoxy resin was cured with 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) and dicyandiamide (DICY). The thermal properties of the DDS‐cured epoxy were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The dielectric properties of the DICY‐cured epoxy were determined from its dielectric spectrum. The obtained results were compared with those of commercially available diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), a tetramethyl biphenol (TMBP)/epoxy system, and some other associated epoxy resins. According to the measured values, the glass‐transition temperature of the DGEBAda/DDS system (223°C) was higher than that of the DGEBA/DDS system and close to that of the TMBP/DDS system. TGA results showed that the DGEBAda/DDS system had a higher char yield (25.02%) and integral procedure decomposition temperature (850.7°C); however, the 5 wt % degradation temperature was lower than that of DDS‐cured DGEBA and TMBP. Moreover, DGEBAda/DDS had reduced moisture absorption and lower dielectric properties. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
A simple design method for nonuniform multirate filter banks (2002)

The theory and design of perfect-reconstruction uniform-band QMF banks have been extensively studied. For nonuniform-band filter banks, there is a lack of efficient design methods. We propose a simple design method for nonuniform integer-decimated filter banks (near perfect reconstruction). The approach is to transform the nonuniform filter bank design problem to a corresponding uniform filter bank design problem. Therefore, only one prototype filter needs to be designed. The analysis and synthesis filters are simple combinations of the cosine modulated versions of the prototype filter. An example is given to demonstrate the proposed method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
EFFECTS OF ROUND AND ELLIPTICAL CHAINWHEELS ON CYCLE ERGOMETER STEADY-RATE WORK EFFICIENCY (1976)

Exercise Physiology Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California Scott C. Henderson Dept. of Phys. Ed. Univ. of Calif. Berkeley, CA 94720
Recherche et evaluation des composantes d'une resistance polygenique : la resistance du piment a Phytophthora capsici (1980)

National audience
Pharmacokinetics of New Antiepileptic Drugs (1996)

This article surveys the pharmacokinetic parameters for the new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs): felbamate, gabapentin, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, tiagabine, topiramate, and vigabatrin. Compared to the pharmacokinetics of standard AEDs, these new AEDs have progressed in terms of (a) longer half-lives, permitting once- or twice-daily dosing, (b) greatly reduced potential for drug interactions, thus increasing ease of treatment, and (c) general lack of hepatic enzyme induction, which facilitates polytherapy as well as other aspects of treatment.
Development of a behavioral model of TMJ pain in rats: the TMJ formalin test (2001)

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain conditions are poorly understood. Since formalin is a noxious stimulus widely used in animal behavioral experiments for studying pain mechanisms, the aim of this study was to develop a behavioral model to study the TMJ pain conditions by characterizing the nociceptive behavioral responses induced by the injection of formalin into the TMJ region of rats. NaCl (0.9%) or different concentrations of formalin (0.5, 1.5, 2.5 or 5%) were administrated into the TMJ region. The formalin-induced behavioral responses characterized by moving the mandible, rubbing the orofacial region and flinching the head quickly were quantified for 45 min. The TMJ injection of formalin significantly increased the asymmetrical orofacial rubbing and head flinching behaviors, but not the movement of the mandible with concentrations of 1.5% and above (P<0.05, Dunn's test) when compared with the NaCl (0.9%) injection. These responses were significantly reduced (P<0.05, Mann-Whitney test) by the co-application of lidocaine N-ethyl bromide quaternary salt, QX-314 (2%), and by the administration of intraperitoneal morphine (4 mg/kg) 30 min prior to the TMJ formalin injection. This study demonstrates that the injection of formalin into the TMJ region of rats produces quantitative nociceptive behaviors constituting a novel behavioral model for TMJ pain.
The Polyhydric Alcohol-Polybasic Acid Reaction. III. Further Studies of the Glycerol-Phthalic Anhydride Reaction (1939)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Polyhydric Alcohol-Polybasic Acid Reaction. III. Further Studies of the Glycerol-Phthalic Anhydride ReactionR. H. Kienle, P. A. van der. Meulen, and F. E. PetkeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1939, 61, 9, 2258–2268Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1939Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1939https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01878a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01878a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views520Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts