gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel approach for EMI design of power electronics (2008)

The placement of passive components significantly influences the EMI behavior of power electronic systems. Particularly filter components are affected by magnetic field coupling reducing filter performance. In this paper we introduce a novel approach for a methodical EMI design of power electronic circuits. Based on the results of EMI prediction design rules for component placement are derived. To meet the design rules a prototype of a dedicated placement tool was developed. This tool has much interactive and automatic placement functionality to solve the very complex design task efficiently. Using the proposed approach in the design stage allows both a statement on achievable performance with the given components and the minimization of the system volume. Development costs can be relevantly reduced.
Feature-size reduction of photopolymerized structures by femtosecond optical curing of SU-8 (2006)

The universal scaling of a width of photopolymerized line on the exposure dose was observed in polymerization by direct laser writing using tightly focused femtosecond pulses in SU-8 resist. This scaling can be explained as the photopolymerization by a blackbody-type emission. A spectrally broad thermal emission of electrons heated up to temperatures approximately Te∼103K coincides with an IR-absorption band of SU-8 centered at the 2.9μm and had caused polymerization by a cumulative direct absorption. Three-dimensional photonic crystal templates with approximately twice reduced feature size were fabricated with stop band at the fiber communication wavelength of 1.3μm.
Substrate-specific regulation of ubiquitination by the anaphase-promoting complex (2011)

By orchestrating the sequential degradation of a large number of cell cycle regulators, the ubiquitin ligase anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C) is essential for proliferation in all eukaryotes. The correct timing of APC/C-dependent substrate degradation, a critical feature of progression through mitosis, was long known to be controlled by mechanisms targeting the core APC/C-machinery. Recent experiments, however, have revealed an important contribution of substrate-specific regulation of the APC/C to achieve accurate cell division. In this perspective, we describe different mechanisms of substrate-specific APC/C-regulation and discuss their importance for cell division.
Boiling Point Detector for Surface Cooking Unit (1984)

The new type of boiling point detector is discussed which detects the boiling point of water in a container irrespective of the volume of water or the type of container. This detector consists of the sensor unit using a thermistor and the signal processor unit using a one-chip 4-b microcomputer. The sensor unit is covered with a stainless casing. It is located at the center of the coil heater and comes In contact with the bottom of the container in place. At the signal processor unit, the temperature signal from the sensor unit is applied to the integral A-D converter, and the digital value is calculated by the microcomputer to detect indirectly the temperature rise of the water in the container. The results are stored in the memory of the computer and are compared to determine the boiling point. As a result of the experiment, the boiling point detection accuracy is higher than 95°C and within 2 min after reaching 100°C when the volume of water is 0.5-2 L and the container is made of aluminum, stainless steel, or iron.
Therapeutic Options for Diabetic Foot Infections (2010)

Foot complications are common in diabetic patients; foot ulcers are among the more serious consequences. These ulcers frequently become infected, and if not treated promptly and appropriately, diabetic foot infections can lead to septic gangrene and amputation. Foot infections may be classified as mild, moderate, or severe; this largely determines the approach to therapy. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen in these infections, and the increasing incidence of methicillin-resistant S aureus during the past two decades has further complicated antibiotic treatment. Chronic infections are often polymicrobial. Physiologic changes, and local and systemic inflammation, can affect the plasma and tissue pharmacokinetics of antimicrobial agents in diabetic patients, leading to impaired target-site penetration. Knowledge of the serum and tissue concentrations of antibiotics in diabetic patients is, therefore, important for choosing the optimal drug and dose. This article reviews the commonly used therapeutic options for treatment, including many newer antibiotics developed to target multidrug-resistant gram-positive bacteria, and includes available data relating specifically to the tissue penetration of these agents.
Inhibition of estrone sulfatase and proliferation of human breast cancer cells by nonsteroidal (p-O-sulfamoyl)-N-alkanoyl tyramines. (1997)

Estrogen levels in breast tumors of postmenopausal women are as much as 10 times higher than estrogen levels in plasma, presumably due to in situ formation of estrogen. The major source of estrogen in breast cancer cells may be the conversion of estrone sulfate to estrone by the enzyme estrone sulfatase. Thus, inhibitors of estrone sulfatase have potential for the treatment of estrogen-dependent breast cancers. Several steroidal agents have been developed that are potent estrone sulfatase inhibitors, most notably estrone-3-O-sulfamate. However, these compounds may be metabolized to forms that have undesired actions, including estrogenicity. To avoid the problems associated with a potentially active steroid nucleus, we designed and synthesized a series of (p-O-sulfamoyl)-N-alkanoyl tyramines as nonsteroidal estrone sulfatase inhibitors. These nine compounds differ in the length of their alkanoyl chains. We tested the ability of the (p-O-sulfamoyl)-N-alkanoyl tyramines to inhibit: (a) estrone sulfatase activity in intact cultures of human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231); and (b) the growth of estrogen-dependent human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). All of the test compounds (1 microM) inhibited the estrone sulfatase activity of intact MDA-MB-231 cells; however, compounds with a longer alkanoyl chain were more effective than those with a shorter chain. Dose-response analysis indicated an IC50 of 350 nM for (p-O-sulfamoyl)-N-tetradecanoyl tyramine for the inhibition of MDA-MB-231 estrone sulfatase activity. The inhibition of MDA-MB-231 cell estrone sulfatase activity by this compound was found to be irreversible. Cell proliferation assays involved the treatment of estrogen-deprived MCF-7 cells with test compounds (10 microM) in the presence of estrone sulfate (1 microM) as the only source of estrogen. All compounds inhibited cell proliferation to some extent, but the longer-chain analogues again were more effective. Dose-response analysis indicated an IC50 of 38 nM for (p-O-sulfamoyl)-N-tetradecanoyl tyramine for the inhibition of MCF-7 cell proliferation. Our data indicate the utility of (p-O-sulfamoyl)-N-alkanoyl tyramines for the inhibition of breast cancer cell estrone sulfatase activity. Furthermore, our data support the concept that nonsteroidal estrone sulfatase inhibitors may be useful as therapeutic agents for estrogen-dependent breast cancers.
Modulation of the<i>eps</i>-ome transcription of bifidobacteria through simulation of human intestinal environment (2016)

Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are mono- or oligo-saccharide units linked by glycosidic bonds, forming homo- or hetero-polymers. In gut commensals, these macromolecules are claimed to protect bacterial cells against gastrointestinal challenges and to be involved in modulating the cross talk between the producing bacterium and its gut environment. The predicted EPS arsenal of theBifidobacteriumgenus, which we designate here as theeps-ome, consists of 9epsgene clusters conserved among different bifidobacterial species and a further 44 uniqueepsloci, together representing a large proportion of the inter(sub)species variability identified among bifidobacterial genomes. Co-cultivations of bifidobacterial species in media simulating adult and infant human gut environments resulted in an increased transcription of key genes for EPS biosynthesis, including glycosyltransferase-encoding genes, as well as genes specifying EPS transporter and polymerase functions, and saccharide biosynthesis and modification enzymes.
Surface Modification of y-AI203 Filters by Chemisorption of Alkyltrichlorosilane Molecules (1996)

In this present study, we continue our investigation to address some of the incompatibilities between the techniques used in cellular biomembrane studies and the possible application of these techniques in biosensor design. This work can be best related to the technique of planar bilayer lipid membrane @LM) formation which has a history of stability problems and residual solvents that remain in the bilayer structure [ 11. Previous investigators have demonstrated novel methods of producing micro-BLM structures on filters of various composition (e. cellulose (0.2 pm to 10 pm) [2-4]. A shared jiroblem with these methods are the tortuous andor inconsistent pore morphology in these types of filters which make analysis of BLM formation difficult. We believe the pore morphology problem can be largely eliminated with the use of a rigd, hydrophilic, inorganic aluminum oxide (y-A1203) filter (AnoporeTM, Whatman, Inc., Clifton, NJ) [%I. In addition to their uniform pore structure, the flat, oxidized surfaces of these filters make it ideal for demonstrating biomembrane-mimetic formation and its long-term stability. A CO~CephJal drawing of an idealized bilayer confguration over the filter surface is shown in Figure 1. We have previously demonstrated a water-masking procedure for isolating surface modification to one filter face while maintaining thc conductivity through the filter pores [7]. In this paper we report on an optimized protocol to form a near monolayer coverage of alkyltrichlorosilane molecules over the filter surface. ester, polytetrafluoroethylene, polycarbonate) an B pore sizes
Abnormal Foot Pressures Alone May not Cause Ulceration (1989)

Both rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes have been associated with the development of abnormally high pressures under the feet, and ulceration has been considered to be a problem in both conditions. In order to examine further the relationship between high foot pressure, neurological abnormalities, and ulceration, we have studied two groups of patients: (a) 38 diabetic patients and (b) 37 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had similar clinical abnormalities of the feet. Thirty-two percent of diabetic patients had a history of plantar ulceration compared with none of the rheumatoid group (p less than 0.01). However, the diabetic group had considerably more severe neuropathy (peroneal nerve motor conduction velocity 35.4 +/- 4.8 m s-1 vs 44.4 +/- 5.2 m s-1 (mean +/- SD), p less than 0.001; vibration perception threshold 33.5 +/- 13.4 vs 16.9 +/- 10.9, p less than 0.001), with a similar frequency of elevated plantar pressures (51% vs 61%, NS). These data emphasize the importance of the loss of sensory awareness in the pathogenesis of diabetic foot ulceration, and suggest that high pressure alone is not a direct cause of ulceration.
Radiolytic footprinting. .beta. Rays, .gamma. photons, and fast neutrons probe DNA-protein interactions (1993)

Ionizing radiations induce numerous damages in DNA, especially strand breaks. The hydroxyl radical OH., produced by the radiolysis of water, is mainly responsible for this effect. The fact that strand breakage occurs at all nucleotides and that bound proteins may locally radioprotect DNA at the binding site lead us to develop a radiolytic footprinting method to study DNA-protein interactions. Three different radiations were used: beta rays, gamma photons, and fast neutrons. In order to validate this technique, three well-known interaction systems were tested: the lac repressor-lac operator of Escherichia coli, the cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) of E. coli and its specific site in the lac regulation region, and the core nucleosome. Radiolytic footprinting gives results similar to those obtained by more classical probes: DNase I, complexes of orthophenanthroline (OP) and copper, complexes of ethylenediaminetetraacetate ion (EDTA) and iron, and UV light. For the same system (lac repressor), irradiation with either gamma photons or fast neutrons gives identical results.
Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium Guidelines for Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Genotype and Fluoropyrimidine Dosing (2013)

The fluoropyrimidines are the mainstay chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of many types of cancers. Detoxifying metabolism of fluoropyrimidines requires dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD, encoded by the DPYD gene), and reduced or absent activity of this enzyme can result in severe, and sometimes fatal, toxicity. We summarize evidence from the published literature supporting this association and provide dosing recommendations for fluoropyrimidines based on DPYD genotype (updates at http://www.pharmgkb.org).
The biochemistry and mechanism of action of acyclovir (1983)

Acyclovir, 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine, is an acyclic nucleoside analogue which has a high activity and selectivity for herpes viruses, particularly herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 and varicella zoster virus. This selectivity is due to the initial activation of the drug by phosphorylation by a herpes virus-specified thymidine kinase. Normal cellular enzymes do not phosphorylate acyclovir to any significant degree. Acyclovir monophosphate is subsequently converted to a triphosphate which is a more potent inhibitor of herpes virus DNA polymerases than of cellular DNA polymerases. The relationship between the amount of acyclovir triphosphate formed and its inhibition constant (Ki) for the particular viral or cellular DNA polymerase is predictive of the inhibitory activity of acyclovir on DNA replication.
Gait analysis using a force-measuring gangway: intrasession repeatability in healthy adults. (2011)

In this group of healthy adults, gait analysis with a force plate system produced repeatable intra-day results. The observation that barefoot and shod walking yield different results indicates that it is important to standardize test conditions.
Study about system identification for second order process: an open andclosed loop improvement (2004)

Resumen es: Este trabajo presenta un metodo original para identificar sistemas de segundo orden subamortiguados. A diferencia de los metodos clasicos, el enfoque pr...
Optical Properties of (100) - and (111)-Oriented GaInAs/GaAs Strained-Layer Superlattices (1989)

We have studied the optical properties of GaInAs/GaAs strained-layer superlattices grown along the [100] and [111] crystallographic axes. Absorption and luminescence spectra for the two superlattices show qualitatively different behavior. These differences are attributed to the presence of straingenerated electric fields in the (111) strained-layer superlattice, which have been predicted theoretically but have not been previously observed experimentally.
Spontaneous speech recognition using a massively parallel decoder (2004)

Since spontaneous utterances include many variations, speakerand task-independent general models do not work well.This paper proposes combining cluster-based language and acoustic models based on the framework of Massively Parallel Decoder (MPD).The MPD is a parallel decoder that has a large number of decoding units, in which each unit is assigned to each combination of element models.It runs efficiently on a parallel computer, and thus the turnaround time is comparable to conventional decoders using a single model and a processor.In the experiments conducted using lecture speeches from the Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese, two types of cluster models have been investigated: lecture-based cluster models and utterancebased cluster models.It has been confirmed that utterancebased cluster models give significantly lower recognition error rate than lecture-based cluster models in both language and acoustic modeling.It has also been shown that roughly 100 decoding units are enough in terms of recognition rate, and in the best setting, 12% reduction in word error rate was obtained in comparison with the conventional decoder.
Antimicrobial Activities of Cinnamon Oil and Cinnamaldehyde from the Chinese Medicinal Herb<i>Cinnamomum cassia</i>Blume (2006)

Both Cinnamomum verum J.S. Presl. and Cinnamomum cassia Blume are collectively called Cortex Cinnamonmi for their medicinal cinnamon bark. Cinnamomum verum is more popular elsewhere in the world, whereas C. cassia is a well known traditional Chinese medicine. An analysis of hydro-distilled Chinese cinnamon oil and pure cinnamaldehyde by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry revealed that cinnamaldehyde is the major component comprising 85% in the essential oil and the purity of cinnamaldehyde in use is high (> 98%). Both oil and pure cinnamaldehyde of C. cassia were equally effective in inhibiting the growth of various isolates of bacteria including Gram-positive (1 isolate, Staphylococcus aureus), and Gram-negative (7 isolates, E. coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Samonella typhymurium), and fungi including yeasts (four species of Candida, C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, and C. krusei), filamentous molds (4 isolates, three Aspergillus spp. and one Fusarium sp.) and dermatophytes (three isolates, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagraphytes). Their minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC) as determined by agar dilution method varied only slightly. The MICs of both oil and cinnamaldehyde for bacteria ranged from 75 microg/ml to 600 microg/ml, for yeasts from 100 microg/ml to 450 microg/ml, for filamentous fungi from 75 microg/ml to 150 microg/ml, and for dermatophytes from 18.8 microg/ml to 37.5 microg/ml. The antimicrobial effectiveness of C. cassia oil and its major constituent is comparable and almost equivalent, which suggests that the broad-spectrum antibiotic activities of C. cassia oil are due to cinnamaldehyde. The relationship between structure and function of the main components of cinnamon oil is also discussed.
Combined fat- and water-suppressed MR imaging of orbital tumors. (2000)

SPIR/FLAIR is an appropriate screening technique for orbital masses and offers significant advantages over currently used fat-suppressed sequences for the investigation of orbital disease.
Search Your Mobile Sketch: Improving the Ratio of Interaction to Information on Mobile Devices (2009)

A mobile device’s small interaction space and undersized keyboard can sometimes make textual input difficult and impractical. Many mobile devices are predisposed for sketching as they come with a stylus or touch-screen capabilities, and sketched icons are a natural way to label objects on such a device. In this paper we present a sketch recognition overlay in Google Maps that allows users to search for location markers based on simple graphics and hand-drawn symbols. Author Keywords
Properties of SBS-modified Warm-mix Asphalt Binders (2014)

PURPOSES : The study objective was to evaluate rheology and physical properties of SBS-modified warm-mix asphalt (WMA) binders in comparison with hot-mix asphalt (HMA) binders. METHODS : Four different SBS polymers were used to prepare polymer-modified asphalt (PMA) binders, and three different warm-mix additives (WAD) were used to prepare a total of 12 WMA PMA binders. The kinematic viscosity was measured at 115, <TEX>$135^{\circ}C$</TEX>. The PG was determined using DSR and BBR. The pass/fail (P/F) temperatures for high and low PG grading were evaluated for HMA PMA and WMA PMA binders. RESULTS : PG 76-22 binders could be prepared by modifying the base binder (PG 64-22) using 4.5 wt% of SBS. The kinematic viscosity (KV) of SBS PMA was increased by 3 times higher than that of base asphalt. The SBS PMA with WAD showed 10% lower KV than that of the normal SBS PMA at <TEX>$115^{\circ}C$</TEX> The high P/F temperatures showed almost no difference between HMA PMA and WMA PMA binders. The high P/F temperature showed very high correlations with KV (<TEX>$R^2$</TEX> > 0.97). The result of SBS modification caused increase of low P/F temperature by <TEX>$2.7^{\circ}C$</TEX> on average. CONCLUSIONS : Since the PMA with WAD showed 10% lower KV than normal (HMA) PMA at <TEX>$115^{\circ}C$</TEX>, reducing PMA mixture temperature down to a WMA level was possible in this study. The higher KV binders showed the higher P/F temperature. There was almost no change in high P/F temperature due to the use of WAD. The SBS PMA, showing an increased low P/F temperature, might show somewhat poorer performance at low-temperature, even though the lower PG grade was staying at the same level, i.e., <TEX>$-22^{\circ}C$</TEX>.
Ferroelectric liquid crystal displays for television application (1991)

Abstract The surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal (SSFLC) effect is a serious candidate for application in television displays, due to its high switching speed and viewing angle independence. For the television application, however, several severe requirements must be fulfilled, of which the demand for a large amount of gray levels is very crucial in view of the bistable character of the SSFLC effect. A review and discussion of the different approaches to realize gradation in SSFLC structures is given. The so-called dither techniques yield discrete gray levels but become complex when many levels are required. Analogue gradation methods are based on in-pixel domain switching but require an accurate control of the multidomain structures. Active-matrix addressing of the SSFLC effect enhances the reproducibility of the multidomain gray levels via the charge-control process, resulting in a fast-switching, viewing-angle-independent video display. Passive-matrix addressing (multiplexing) takes advantage of the bistability and the switching speed of the SSFLC effect. One approach to control the multidomain gray levels in passive-matrix addressing is extensively dealt with; the “texture-method”. The mcchanism, the addressing scheme, the obtainable contrast in the different textures and the applicability of various FLC mixtures are discussed. The resulting performance of test displays, operating at video rate and possessing full gradation, is evaluated. Finally, some indications will be given of the remaining problems, which need further improvement before FLC displays can be successfully applied for television.
Water Dynamics from the Surface to the Interior of a Supramolecular Nanostructure (2017)

Water within and surrounding the structure of a biological system adopts context-specific dynamics that mediate virtually all of the events involved in the inner workings of a cell. These events range from protein folding and molecular recognition to the formation of hierarchical structures. Water dynamics are mediated by the chemistry and geometry of interfaces where water and biomolecules meet. Here we investigate experimentally and computationally the translational dynamics of vicinal water molecules within the volume of a supramolecular peptide nanofiber measuring 6.7 nm in diameter. Using Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization relaxometry, we show that drastic differences exist in water motion within a distance of about one nanometer from the surface, with rapid diffusion in the hydrophobic interior and immobilized water on the nanofiber surface. These results demonstrate that water associated with materials designed at the nanoscale is not simply a solvent, but rather an integral part of their structure and potential functions.
[Melatonin secretion and metabolism in patients with irritable bowel syndrome]. (2009)

Melatonin secretion in patients with IBS, especially in patients with IBS-C, is significantly increased compared with healthy volunteers. Melatonin metabolism in patients with IBS is not disturbed.