gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Homozygous EEF1A2 mutation causes dilated cardiomyopathy, failure to thrive, global developmental delay, epilepsy and early death (2017)

Eukaryotic elongation factor 1A (EEF1A), is encoded by two distinct isoforms, EEF1A1 and EEF1A2; whereas EEF1A1 is expressed almost ubiquitously, EEF1A2 expression is limited such that it is only detectable in skeletal muscle, heart, brain and spinal cord. Currently, the role of EEF1A2 in normal cardiac development and function is unclear. There have been several reports linking de novo dominant EEF1A2 mutations to neurological issues in humans. We report a pair of siblings carrying a homozygous missense mutation p.P333L in EEF1A2 who exhibited global developmental delay, failure to thrive, dilated cardiomyopathy and epilepsy, ultimately leading to death in early childhood. A third sibling also died of a similar presentation, but DNA was unavailable to confirm the mutation. Functional genomic analysis was performed in S. cerevisiae and zebrafish. In S. cerevisiae, there was no evidence for a dominant-negative effect. Previously identified putative de novo mutations failed to complement yeast strains lacking the EEF1A ortholog showing a major growth defect. In contrast, the introduction of the mutation seen in our family led to a milder growth defect. To evaluate its function in zebrafish, we knocked down eef1a2 expression using translation blocking and splice-site interfering morpholinos. EEF1A2-deficient zebrafish had skeletal muscle weakness, cardiac failure and small heads. Human EEF1A2 wild-type mRNA successfully rescued the morphant phenotype, but mutant RNA did not. Overall, EEF1A2 appears to be critical for normal heart function in humans, and its deficiency results in clinical abnormalities in neurologic function as well as in skeletal and cardiac muscle defects.
Temporal studies on the deposition of complement on human colostrum IgA and serum IgG immobilized on methylated silicon (1997)

The temporal deposition of selected complement proteins from human serum onto immobilized human colostrum immunoglobulin (Ig)A and human IgG on hydrophobic silicon was studied by ellipsometry-antibody techniques after incubations at 37 degrees C for up to 1 h. In parallel experiments the serum soluble iC3b, C4d, and Bb were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. The IgA-coated surfaces showed activation via the alternative pathway, and displayed a lag phase in the deposition of increased amounts of serum proteins, and anti-C3c and antiproperdin. Anti-IgG, -C1q, -C4, -factor H and -factor B were not deposited at any time to IgA surfaces. Upon coating of the surface with IgG, the classical pathway was rapidly activated and bound, then anti-C3c, antiproperdin, and after short serum incubation times, also anti-C1q and anti-IgG. When factor B-depleted or heat-treated sera were used, the observation was that properdin deposited onto IgG-coated surfaces from both. Ellipsometry and antibody techniques offer a convenient and rapid way to indicate the activation of the complement system on solid surfaces and facilitates a time-resolved determination of the activation pathway(s).
Fixed-weight networks can learn (1990)

A theorem describing how fixed-weight recurrent neural networks can approximate adaptive-weight learning algorithms is proved. The theorem applies to most networks and learning algorithms currently in use. It is concluded from the theorem that a system which exhibits learning behavior may exhibit no synaptic weight modifications. This idea is demonstrated by transforming a backward error propagation network into a fixed-weight system
Comparison of cortical bone ablations by using infrared laser wavelengths 2.9 to 9.2 ?m (1999)

The use of wavelengths in the 6.1-microm amide I to 6.45-microm amide II region, with the pulse characteristics described, were the most efficient for cutting cortical bone and produced less collateral thermal injury than cutting with a surgical bone saw. This study confirms previous observations that the ablation mechanism below plasma threshold is consistent with an explosive process driven by internal vaporization of water in a confined space and demonstrates that ablation is enhanced by using wavelengths that target the protein matrix of cortical bone.
A Novel Optical Lithography Technique Using the Phase-Shifter Fringe (1991)

A new optical lithography technique called outline pattern transfer imaging (OPTIMA) is described. OPTIMA utilizes an optical phase change at a clear phase-shifter pattern edge. Very narrow closed patterns can be delineated along the fringe of the phase-shifter pattern by this method. The resolution limitation of OPTIMA is presented using a newly developed high-resolution i-line negative resist. The resist is transparent (90% at 0.5 µm thickness) and has a high γ value (4.5). Results show that 0.13 µm-wide groove patterns can be delineated with an i-line stepper having 0.42 numerical aperture. Practical focus latitude and exposure latitude are obtained for 0.2 µm patterns. In OPTIMA, linewidth control is also possible by adding notch patterns at the shifter edge.
Models of Affective Illness: Forced Swimming and Tail Suspension Tests in Rodents (2000)

Abstract Rodents forced to swim in a narrow space from which there is no escape adopt, after an initial period of vigorous activity, a characteristic immobile posture, moving only when necessary to keep their heads above the water. The animals immobility was hypothesized to show they had learned that escape was impossible and had given up hope. Immobility was therefore given the name behavioral despair. It was subsequently found that immobility could be reduced by a wide range of clinically active antidepressant drugs. This simple behavioral procedure has since become a widely used test for screening novel antidepressants. Rodents forced to swim in a narrow space from which there is no escape adopt, after an initial period of vigorous activity.
Design of High-Rate Serially Concatenated Codes with Low Error Floor (2007)

In this paper we look at the serial concatenation of short linear block codes with a rate-1 recursive convolutional encoder, with a goal of designing high-rate codes with low error floor. We observe that under turbo-style decoding the error floor of the concatenated codes with extended Hamming codes is due to detectable errors in many cases. An interleaver design addressing this is proposed in this paper and its effectiveness is verified numerically. We next examine the use of extended BCH codes of larger minimum distance, resulting in an improved weight spectrum of the overall code. Reduced complexity list decoding is used to decode the BCH codes in order to obtain low decoding complexity for a negligible loss in performance.
Electronic Phase Diagram of High-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mi>c</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:math>Cuprate Superconductors from a Mapping of the In-Plane Resistivity Curvature (2004)

We propose that resistivity curvature mapping (RCM) based on the in-plane resistivity data is a useful way to objectively draw electronic phase diagrams of high-Tc cuprates, where various crossovers are important. In particular, the pseudogap crossover line can be conveniently determined by RCM. We show experimental phase diagrams obtained by RCM for Bi2Sr2-zLazCuO6+delta, La2-xSrxCuO4, and YBa2Cu3Oy, and demonstrate the universal nature of the pseudogap crossover. Intriguingly, the electronic crossover near optimum doping depicted by RCM appears to occur rather abruptly, suggesting that the quantum-critical regime, if it exists, must be very narrow.
Regression Testing Minimisation, Selection and Prioritisation - A Survey (2009)

Regression testing is a testing activity that is performed to provide confidence that changes do not harm the existing behaviour of the software. Test suites tend to grow in size as software evolve, often making it too costly to execute entire test suites. A number of different approaches have been studied to maximise the value of the accrued test suite: minimisation, selection and prioritisation. Test suite minimisation seeks to eliminate redundant test cases in order to reduce the number of tests to run. Test case selection seeks to identify the test cases that are relevant to some set of recent changes. Test case prioritisation seeks to order test cases in such a way that early fault detection is maximised. This paper surveys each area of minimisation, selection and prioritisation technique and discusses open problems and potential directions for future research. 1.
(E)-4-Oxonon-2-enoic Acid, an Antibiotically Active Fatty Acid Produced by Streptomyces olivaceus Tue 4018. (1996)

Streptomyces olivaceus Tii 4018 was included in our screening programme for detection and isolation of new secondary metabolites. Extracts of actinomycete strains were analysed by HPLC coupled with diode array multiwavelength monitoring (HPLC-DAD)and a UVvisible absorbance spectral library database2). The kanchanamycins, a complex of new 36-membered polyol-type macrolide antibiotics1)3), the 42-membered macrolactones desertomycin A4) and oasomycin A5), and tryptophan-dehydrobutyrine diketopiperazine6) as well as the isoflavone daidzein were isolated from strain Tii 401 8. All metabolites were produced during fermentation in a complex mediumconsisting of 2% mannitol and 2% soybean meal. In addition to these compounds, S. olivaceus Tii 4018 produced under modified cultivation conditions a substance which was detected in the myceliumextract by HPLC-DADanalysis (HP 1090M liquid chromatograph equipped with a built-in diode array detector and HPLC3D-ChemStation, Hewlett-Packard). This compound was not identified by spectral matching techniques using our HPLC-DADdatabase. HPLC-ESI-MS analysis (ABI 140A HPLC system, Applied Biosystems; API III triple-quadrupol mass spectrometer equipped with a nebulizer-assisted electrospray ion source, Sciex) determined a molecular mass of 170.1, and search in commercially available databases lead to further evidence for the novelty as a natural product. Isolation and structure elucidation resulted in determination of the compound as (£)-4-oxonon-2-enoic acid (Fig. 1) that
The Design of Communication Nodes in the Tractor Control Network Based on ISO11783 Protocol (2010)

This thesis introduces the structure of tractor electronic control network and the basic characteristics of ISO 11783 communication protocol in the serial communication network of agricultural vehicles, and presents the design scheme, which is based on C8051F040 chip, for software and hardware of ECU communication nodes in the tractor electronic control network.
Use of a non-radioactive hybridisation assay for direct detection of gram-negative bacteria carrying TEM  -lactamase genes in infected urine (1989)

DNA in infected urines from 81 patients with urinary tract infection was hybridised directly with a non-radioactive DNA probe specific for bacterial genes coding for TEM-type beta-lactamase. The results were assessed by means of a computerised image analysis system and compared with those obtained following isolation of the infecting organism, conventional sensitivity testing and isoelectric focusing (IEF) procedures for the detection of TEM-type beta-lactamase. Of the 27 ampicillin-resistant gram-negative organisms isolated in pure culture from the urines, 14 were shown by both hybridisation and IEF to carry a gene for TEM beta-lactamase production. Only four discordant results were obtained: three "false positive" direct hybridisation results, one due to urine pigmentation, and one, possibly, to a TEM beta-lactamase gene which was not being expressed, and one "false negative" result due to insufficient cell numbers in the urine. The system is capable of screening large numbers of samples and is applicable to any gene for which a suitable DNA probe is available.
Gastrointestinal Absorption of Heparin by Lipidization or Coadministration with Penetration Enhancers (2005)

A review with 93 references. Heparins are high molecular weight, hydrophilic polyanions, which are unstable under acidic conditions; and therefore they exhibit poor oral bioavailability. Consequently they must be administered via the parenteral route which is expensive, inconvenient, and limits use by outpatients. The development of an oral form of heparin is warranted. This review examined the literature, mostly published between January 2000 and January 2005, pertaining to the gastrointestinal absorption of heparin by lipidization or coadministration with penetration enhancers. A lipidization strategy that was examined involved conjugation of low molecular weight heparin with deoxycholic acid. The majority of studies examined the ability of different formulations, typically utilizing penetration enhancers, to improve heparin bioavailability. The penetration enhancers used included fatty acids, Labrasol, Gelucire 44/14, polycationic lipophilic-core dendrons, saponins, mono-N-carboxymethyl chitosan, Carbopol 934P, a combination of thiolated polycarbophil and glutathione, polymeric nanoparticles, polymeric microparticles, sodium N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl) amino]caprylate (SNAC), and sodium N-[10-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)amino]decanoate (SNAD). The variety of models used and doses of heparin/penetration enhancers applied, however, made it difficult to compare the results between studies. Nevertheless, all of the reviewed drug delivery systems showed therapeutic value and confirmation of the promising results obtained from animal studies, by progression to clinical trials, is necessary. Overall, progress has been made in the quest for an oral heparin formulation.
Large-scale purification of enzymes (1983)

Many standard procedures for the purification of proteins in the laboratory do not readily lend themselves to scaling up, whereas, on the other hand, some techniques relatively unsatisfactory in the laboratory are much more effective on a large scale. When producing gram or kilogram quantities of enzymes for use over an extended period, the storage properties and general tractability of the purified products become increasingly important. Hence enzymes from thermophilic sources frequently have advantages over those from mesophiles. The possible economic advantages of simultaneous large-scale multi-enzyme isolation over separate individual enzyme purifications are evaluated. Batchwise adsorption and elution from ion-exchange celluloses frequently replace traditional precipitation techniques in the early stages of a large-scale purification. Dialysis is replaced by concentration, dilution and reconcentration with the use of hollow-fibre ultrafiltration equipment. Antiphonally direct scaling-up of column chromatographic procedures is usually possible. Modifications to column geometry to maximize flow rates are often desirable but purification factors and recoveries comparable with those obtained on the laboratory scale can be achieved relatively easily. Classical affinity chromatographic techniques have not proved so amenable to large-scale work, mainly because of the enormous expense and rather short life of the matrices. However, the quasi-affinity chromatography afforded by the triazine dye conjugates has proved of great benefit. The materials are cheap to prepare. The coupling procedures are both simple and rapid and do not involve the use of noxious chemicals such as cyanogen bromide. Moreover the triazine linkage is more stable under a variety of conditions than the isourea formed in cyanogen bromide coupling. Considerable further exploitation of these versatile matrices is expected.
Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Substituted Quinolines via C–N Coupling/Condensation from <i>ortho</i>-Acylanilines and Alkenyl Iodides (2014)

An efficient cascade copper-catalyzed intermolecular Ullmann-type C–N coupling/enamine condensation reaction is described, in which ortho-acylanilines and alkenyl iodides converted to multisubstituted quinolines in good to excellent yields.
Subcutaneous Pyelovesical Bypass As Replacement for Standard Percutaneous Nephrostomy for Palliative Urinary Diversion: Prospective Evaluation of Patient's Quality of Life (2007)

The subcutaneous pyelovesical bypass provides a better quality of life than a standard percutaneous nephrostomy tube in terminally ill patients by making them external-tube free.
Online H/D exchange liquid chromatography as a support for the mass spectrometric identification of the oxidation products of melatonin (2008)

The hydrogen-deuterium exchange of protonated melatonin and its in vitro oxidation end-products have been examined by liquid chromatography coupled with ion-trap mass spectrometry. Specific H/D scrambling of protons in the C2 and C4 positions of the indole ring during gas-phase fragmentation process was observed for both melatonin and its oxidation products. Collision-induced dissociation spectra showed losses of variably deuterated NH(3), H(2)O and CH(3)CONH(2). In addition, a similar H/D scrambling behaviour was observed for the oxidation products, obtained from the opening of the indole ring by oxidative attack. Fragmentation pathways are proposed and H/D scrambling has been employed as a fingerprint, allowing identification of N(1)-acetyl-5-methoxykynurenin (AMK), N(1)-acetyl-N(2)-formyl-5-methoxykynurenin (AFMK), dehydro-AFMK and hydroxymelatonin as the oxidation products of melatonin in vitro.
APS Professional Development Tour to South America, January 2010 (2010)

The key aspects and features of the Australian Psychological Society (APS) professional development tour to South America that was undertaken in January 2010 are discussed. Other details of the tour and all that was seen and accomplished are highlighted.
The initiator element of the Drosophila beta2 tubulin gene core promoter contributes to gene expression in vivo but is not required for male germ-cell specific expression (2000)

The tissue-specific expression of the Drosophila beta 2 tubulin gene ( B2t ) is accomplished by the action of a 14-bp activator element (beta2UE1) in combination with certain regulatory elements of the TATA-less, Inr-containing B2t core promoter. We performed an in vivo analysis of the Inr element function in the B2t core promoter using a transgenic approach. Our experiments demonstrate that the Inr element acts as a functional cis -regulatory element in vivo and quantitatively regulates tissue-specific reporter expression in transgenic animals. However, our mutational analysis of the Inr element demonstrates no essential role of the Inr in mediating tissue specificity of the B2t promoter. In addition, a downstream element seems to affect promoter activity in combination with the Inr. In summary, our data show for the first time the functionality of the Inr element in an in vivo background situation in Drosophila.
Network Survivability Considerations for Traffic Engineered IP Networks (2002)

This report documents findings that may be helpful in understanding trends in teen birth and pregnancy, and STD rates.
Gingipains from<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>W83 Induce Cell Adhesion Molecule Cleavage and Apoptosis in Endothelial Cells (2005)

The presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the periodontal pocket and the high levels of gingipain activity detected in gingival crevicular fluid could implicate a role for gingipains in the destruction of the highly vascular periodontal tissue. To explore the effects of these proteases on endothelial cells, we exposed bovine coronary artery endothelial cells and human microvascular endothelial cells to gingipain-active extracellular protein preparations and/or purified gingipains from P. gingivalis. Treated cells exhibited a rapid loss of cell adhesion properties that was followed by apoptotic cell death. Cleavage of N- and VE-cadherin and integrin beta1 was observed in immunoblots of cell lysates. There was a direct correlation between the kinetics of cleavage of N- and VE-cadherin and loss of cell adhesion properties. Loss of cell adhesion, as well as N- and VE-cadherin and integrin beta1 cleavage, could be inhibited or significantly delayed by preincubation of P. gingivalis W83 gingipain-active extracellular extracts with the cysteine protease inhibitor Nalpha-p-tosyl-l-lysine chloromethylketone. Furthermore, purified gingipains also induced endothelial cell detachment and apoptosis. Apoptosis-associated events, including annexin V positivity, caspase-3 activation, and cleavage of the caspase substrates poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and topoisomerase I (Topo I), were observed in endothelial cells after detachment. All of the effects observed were correlated with the different levels of cysteine-dependent proteolytic activity of the extracts tested. Taken together, these results indicate that gingipains from P. gingivalis can alter cell adhesion molecules and induce endothelial cell death, which could have implications for the pathogenicity of this organism.
Design and Analysis of a Hardware-Efficient Compressed Sensing Architecture for Data Compression in Wireless Sensors (2012)

This work introduces the use of compressed sensing (CS) algorithms for data compression in wireless sensors to address the energy and telemetry bandwidth constraints common to wireless sensor nodes. Circuit models of both analog and digital implementations of the CS system are presented that enable analysis of the power/performance costs associated with the design space for any potential CS application, including analog-to-information converters (AIC). Results of the analysis show that a digital implementation is significantly more energy-efficient for the wireless sensor space where signals require high gain and medium to high resolutions. The resulting circuit architecture is implemented in a 90 nm CMOS process. Measured power results correlate well with the circuit models, and the test system demonstrates continuous, on-the-fly data processing, resulting in more than an order of magnitude compression for electroencephalography (EEG) signals while consuming only 1.9 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu$</tex></formula> W at 0.6 V for sub-20 kS/s sampling rates. The design and measurement of the proposed architecture is presented in the context of medical sensors, however the tools and insights are generally applicable to any sparse data acquisition.
A Tirecord Tension Transducer (1969)

A transducer is described which can directly measure the cord tension at any point in an arbitrarily loaded tire. Cord force data obtained at the crown and in the sidewall for a typical two-ply automobile tire are presented for: (1) the inflation problem, (2) the static deflection problem, and (3) the rolling tire. Agreement between theory and experiment is good for the inflation problem, which is the only case where a cord load formula exists to allow comparison.
Some new aspects in the application of perfluoroalkyl halides in the synthesis of fluorine-containing organic compounds (2000)

The approaches to the activation of perfluoroalkyl halides used as intermediates in the synthesis of partially fluorinated compounds are considered. The conditions for reactions of organic compounds with perfluoroalkyl iodides in the presence of reductants (Na2S2O4, HOCH2SO2Na), metals and metal salts, redox systems (Na2S2O8, ButOOH, Pb(OAc)4, H2O2–FeSO4, Ce(SO4)2) and transition metal complexes are described. The generation of perfluoroalkyl radicals by a single-electron transfer mechanism are discussed. The introduction of perfluoroalkyl groups into aromatic and unsaturated organic compounds and functionalisation of perfluoroalkyl iodides, particularly, their transformation into perfluoroalkanesulfinic and perfluoroalkanecarboxylic acids and aldehydes, are considered. The bibliography includes 442 references.