gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glucosylation of Capsaicin by Cell Suspension Cultures of<i>Coffea arabica</i> (1993)

Journal Article Glucosylation of Capsaicin by Cell Suspension Cultures of Coffea arabica Get access Takashi Kometani, Takashi Kometani Biochemical Research Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., Utajima 4–6–5, Nishiyodogawa, Osaka 555, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hidenori Tanimoto, Hidenori Tanimoto Biochemical Research Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., Utajima 4–6–5, Nishiyodogawa, Osaka 555, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Takahisa Nishimura, Takahisa Nishimura Biochemical Research Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., Utajima 4–6–5, Nishiyodogawa, Osaka 555, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Isao Kanbara, Isao Kanbara Biochemical Research Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., Utajima 4–6–5, Nishiyodogawa, Osaka 555, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shigetaka Okada Shigetaka Okada Biochemical Research Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., Utajima 4–6–5, Nishiyodogawa, Osaka 555, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, Volume 57, Issue 12, 1 January 1993, Pages 2192–2193, https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.57.2192 Published: 01 January 1993 Article history Published: 01 January 1993 Received: 10 June 1993
A new enzymatic function in the melanogenic pathway. The 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid oxidase activity of tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP1). (1994)

Since the characterization of 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA) as a major melanogenic intermediate, the fate of this compound and the mechanisms of its incorporation into the melanin polymer have become major issues in the study of melanogenesis. DHICA is a stable dihydroxyindole with a low rate of spontaneous oxidation, suggesting that enzymatic mechanism(s) might contribute to its evolution. The most obvious candidates are the melanosomal tyrosinases. We have recently shown that mouse melanosomes contain two electrophoretically distinct tyrosinase isoenzymes, termed low electrophoretic mobility tyrosinase (LEMT) and high electrophoretic mobility tyrosinase (HEMT), that can be resolved and purified. In this study, we report immunological evidence indicating that LEMT corresponds to the protein encoded by the brown locus (termed tyrosinase-related protein-1, TRP1), while HEMT corresponds to the tyrosinase encoded by the albino locus. We have compared the ability of both isoenzymes to catalyze DHICA evolution as determined by high performance liquid chromatography; although LEMT is a relatively poor tyrosine hydroxylase and DOPA oxidase as compared to HEMT, it was readily able to accelerate DHICA consumption concomitant with the production of a brownish product. However, the DHICA conversion activity of HEMT was barely detectable. The ability of purified LEMT to catalyze DHICA conversion could be almost completely abolished by treatment with heat or trypsin, and was inhibited in a concentration dependent way by the tyrosinase inhibitor 2-phenylthiourea and by L-tyrosine. Moreover, in the presence of low concentration of ascorbate, the DHICA conversion activity of LEMT displayed a lag period which was progressively longer at higher ascorbate concentrations. Based on the relationship between ascorbate added, enzyme activity, and lag period, it is very likely that the DHICA converting activity is indeed a DHICA oxidase activity. This was further proven by the demonstration that the product reacts rapidly and efficiently with the quinone trapping reagent 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone, yielding a colored adduct similar to the one obtained with DOPAquinone. The DHICA oxidase activity of LEMT displayed a Km for DHICA of about 0.8 mM, as compared to 1.9 mM for L-DOPA and 0.23 nM for L-tyrosine. These results suggest that TRP1, the product of the brown locus, is indeed a tyrosinase with DHICA oxidase activity. However, as opposed to the tyrosinase encoded by the albino locus, TRP1's role in melanogenesis could be more directly related to DHICA metabolism than to the first steps of the pathway.
Stereo Vision-based Semantic 3D Object and Ego-motion Tracking for Autonomous Driving (2018)

We propose a stereo vision-based approach for tracking the camera ego-motion and 3D semantic objects in dynamic autonomous driving scenarios. Instead of directly regressing the 3D bounding box using end-to-end approaches, we propose to use the easy-to-labeled 2D detection and discrete viewpoint classification together with a light-weight semantic inference method to obtain rough 3D object measurements. Based on the object-aware-aided camera pose tracking which is robust in dynamic environments, in combination with our novel dynamic object bundle adjustment (BA) approach to fuse temporal sparse feature correspondences and the semantic 3D measurement model, we obtain 3D object pose, velocity and anchored dynamic point cloud estimation with instance accuracy and temporal consistency. The performance of our proposed method is demonstrated in diverse scenarios. Both the ego-motion estimation and object localization are compared with the state-of-of-the-art solutions.
Intense EUV incoherent plasma sources for EUV lithography and other applications (1999)

Intense visible and ultraviolet sources, both incoherent and coherent, have been used in a variety of commercial applications over the years. Perhaps two of the most far-reaching applications are in the areas of microlithography and materials processing. In microlithography, the mercury vapor discharge lamp has provided the illuminating flux for microlithography machines for over 20 years. More recently, excimer lasers are playing an increasing role in this field. In materials processing, because of flux requirements that will be discussed later, sources have been largely restricted to lasers. The available lasers cover a wide range of wavelengths and pulse durations and have become major industrial tools for a broad spectrum of applications. This paper will point out the role that intense extreme ultraviolet incoherent (nonlaser) sources might play in the future, in that they may be able to provide similar intensities to those presently provided only by lasers, but in a much simpler, more efficient way and, in semi systems, at a potentially much lower cost.
Cloning of urease gene sequences from Providencia stuartii (1986)

Providencia stuartii was the most prevalent isolate recovered from urine specimens taken weekly over a 1-year period from 51 nursing home patients with urinary catheters in place. Thirty percent of the isolates were urease positive. Urease, which is implicated in renal stone formation, was shown to be transmissible on an 82-kilobase conjugative plasmid in one isolate. Plasmid DNA isolated from this strain was digested with EcoRI, ligated into the EcoRI site of pBR322, and used to transform Escherichia coli HB101. Ampicillin-resistant clones were replica plated onto urea segregation agar, and a urease-positive clone, designated pMID101, was isolated. Recombinant and native urease from cell lysates had identical electrophoretic mobilities on nondenaturing polyacrylamide urease activity gels. The native enzyme was induced fourfold when cells were grown in the presence of 0.1% urea and had a km of 9.4 mM and a Vmax of 3.2 mumol of NH3 per min per mg of protein. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 375,000 +/- 35,000 by Sephacryl S-300 chromatography. The enzyme was cytoplasmic in P. stuartii, was inhibited in vitro by hydroxyurea, acetohydroxamic acid, and EDTA, and appears to have a complex subunit structure and a unique molecular size within genera of the Proteeae tribe.
Passive protection of suckling infant mice against F41-positive enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains by intravenous inoculation of the dams with monoclonal antibodies against F41 (1992)

Ten monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against five different epitope clusters of adhesion factor F41 (two MAbs per cluster) were tested for protection of infant mice against an oral challenge with F41-positive enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) B2C and B41M. Infant mice suckling dams intravenously inoculated with MAbs were orally challenged, and the survival rates were measured for 12 days after inoculation and challenge. Irrespective of their epitope specificity, all F41 MAbs given in a single dose of 4 mg per dam had a protective effect against both ETEC strains. In contrast, one K99 MAb of the same isotype and given in the same dose as the F41 MAbs did not protect infant mice at all. A reduction in the dose of F41 MAbs to 0.032 mg per dam resulted in a decrease in protection. Two different MAbs against the same epitope cluster were not necessarily equally protective. Combining MAbs two by two, whether the MAbs recognized the same epitope cluster or not, resulted in protective activity essentially similar to that obtained with each MAb separately, without any improvement. Therefore, one MAb against any epitope may be sufficient for protection. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) titers of MAbs in the serum of dams were similar, irrespective of the epitope specificity of the MAbs, and gradually decreased from day 1 to day 12 after inoculation. We found a good correlation between colostrum and milk ELISA titers of MAbs and serum ELISA titers of MAbs. Colostrum and milk MAb titers were 10-fold lower than corresponding serum MAb titers and stayed high until day 5 after inoculation. The most protective MAb had the highest ELISA titers in colostrum and milk for the first 5 days after inoculation. ETEC strain B2C colonized the intestines of infant mice suckling MAb-inoculated mothers until day 12 after challenge. Intestinal levels of the challenge strain were high on day 2 but never reached the very high numbers (10(9) to 10(10)) described previously in a diarrheic infant mouse model. MAbs did not eliminate the challenge ETEC strain from the intestines of infant mice.
Transport-layer issues in information centric networks (2012)

Content to be transported over an Information Centric Networking (ICN) infrastructure can be very variable in size, from few bytes to hundreds of gigabytes. Therefore it needs to be segmented in smaller size data units, typically called chunks, in order to be handled by ICN nodes. A chunk is the basic data unit to which caching and security (e.g. encryption and signature) functions are applied. If we consider the overhead and the number of cryptographic operations to be performed by nodes, a good choice for the chunk size would be from hundreds of KBs up to few MBs. However, if the chunk size is bigger than the Maximum Transfer Unit of a link, chunks will be fragmented. We show that if we have more than 3-4 fragments per chunk, and congestion and reliability functions are executed on a chunk by chunk basis, the efficiency of the congestion control algorithm drastically decreases. On the other side, a small chunk size would increase overhead and rate of signature checks.
Ultraviolet responses of Gorlin syndrome primary skin cells (2008)

Our observations that NBCCS cells harbour normal DNA repair and survival capacities following UV irradiation better explain that BCC proneness of patients with NBCCS does not solely concern body areas exposed to sunlight and suggest rather that it might be due to cell cycle alterations.
Midinfrared optical upconverter (2005)

We have developed a midinfrared optical upconverter by wafer bonding a GaAs∕AlGaAs light-emitting diode with an InSb p+nn+ photodetector. The device converts midinfrared radiation in the range of 3–5.45μm to near-infrared light at 0.84μm, which can be efficiently detected using a widely available Si charge coupled device. At 77K, the measured external upconversion efficiency was 0.093W∕W. The optical up-conversion device, in combination with the Si CCD camera, leads to an alternative solution for making low-cost and large-area midinfrared imaging device. Effects of electrical gain and photon recycling inside this integrated device are discussed.
Benzene‐Fused Azacorannulene Bearing an Internal Nitrogen Atom (2015)

Abstract A novel nitrogen‐doped corannulene derivative, 8‐tert‐butyl‐6b 2 ‐azapentabenzo[bc,ef,hi,kl,no]corannulene, was synthesized by 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of a polycyclic aromatic azomethine ylide with a diarylethyne and subsequent palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular cyclization. This molecule represents the first example of a corannulene derivative bearing an internal heteroatom, and exhibits unique structural and physical properties caused by the introduction of the nitrogen atom and extended π‐conjugation, as compared to the parent corannulene.
Effect of Zr addition on ZnSnO thin-film transistors using a solution process (2010)

Thin-film transistors (TFTs) with a ZrZnSnO (ZZTO) channel layer were fabricated using a solution process. As-prepared ZnSnO (ZTO) TFTs had a large off-current. However, as the content of Zr ions increased in ZTO, the threshold voltage shifted, and the off-current in the TFTs decreased. Because Zr has a lower standard electrode potential, it is more readily oxidized than Sn or Zn. Thus, Zr acted as an effective carrier suppressor in the ZTO system and a ZZTO TFT with a high mobility of a 4.02 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a large on/off ratio of over 106 was achieved.
Virtual Private Networks: Internet Protocol (<scp>IP</scp>) Based (2004)

Abstract This chapter begins with some motivational discussion on why enterprises use the Internet to improve productivity, generate new revenues, and be more competitive. We highlight some important security considerations that render the basic public Internet unacceptable for conducting sensitive transactions, such as e‐commerce. Our discussion then summarizes the technologies, namely connection‐oriented label switching and separate connectionless forwarding tables, that are used to partition a shared public network into multiple virtual private networks (VPNs). The chapter then presents a taxonomy of the types of VPNs being standardized in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), differentiated primarily by whether the VPN functionality is implemented on the customer‐edge (CE), or on the provider‐edge (PE) devices. We then summarize CE‐based VPNs either (a) overlaid on a frame relay or an asynchronous transfer mode network or (b) implemented over the Internet using the IP security (IPsec) standards. The text then describes the principal PE‐based approaches, which involve either (a) a separate routing instance for each VPN or (b) a shared, aggregated routing instance for all VPNs that logically maintains separation through configuration. Finally, the chapter concludes with a discussion about design considerations for use of VPNs and an example of an extranet VPN deployment using the CE‐based IPsec approach.
Effects of hepatocyte growth factor on urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (uPA) and uPA receptor in DU145 prostate cancer cells (2003)

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and the uPA receptor (uPAR) are involved in a proteolytic cascade resulting of extracellular matrix degradation. Upstream, uPA and uPAR are regulated by various factors including hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which stimulates the uPA/uPAR proteolytic system and increases invasion of cancers. We recently demonstrated that HGF induces invasion of DU145 prostate cancer cells into collagen gel matrix. We therefore examined effects of HGF on uPA and uPAR expression in DU145 cells. Effects of HGF on uPA expression in culture medium were determined by Western blotting and fibrin zymography, effects on uPAR expression in cell-associated protein were examined by Western blotting. HGF increased uPA and uPAR production in a dose-dependent manner up to 10 ng/mL, while effects of 20 ng/mL were approximately equal to those of 10 ng/mL. HGF stimulated uPA production beyond that in control cultures from 8 h until 48 h after HGF addition. HGF stimulated a uPA/uPAR proteolytic network in DU145 cells, which may be important for acquisition invasive potential by prostate cancer.
Vero cells injected with adenovirus type 2 mRNA produce authentic viral polypeptide patterns: early mRNA promotes growth of adenovirus-associated virus. (1980)

Adenovirus type 2 mRNAs were injected via glass capillaries into Vero cells, a line of African green monkey kidney cells permissive for adenovirus growth. Polypeptides synthesized after injection were labeled with 35S-labeled amino acids, precipitated with antiviral sera, and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Both early and late viral mRNAs give rise to authentic polypeptides. The in vivo translation of mRNAs can be measured as late as 24 hr after injection. The ability to analyze the protein products of microinjected mRNAs directly should greatly extend the applications of the procedure. Vero cells injected with early mRNA from adenovirus type 2 support the growth of adenovirus-associated virus, a defective virus that is dependent on adenovirus helper functions. This result demonstrates that a measurable biological activity, the ability to overcome the defectiveness of adenovirus-associated virus, resides in early adenovirus mRNA.
Use of EUV scatterometry for the characterization of line profiles and line roughness on photomasks (2008)

Scatterometry is a versatile metrology for characterizing periodic structures, regarding critical dimension (CD) and other profile properties. With respect to small feature sizes on future lithography photomasks, the short wavelength of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation is advantageous since it minimizes diffraction phenomena and increases the sensitivity to roughness. The advantage of the short wavelength can also be used for investigations of DUV photomasks. For EUV masks, only EUV radiation provides direct information on at-wavelength mask performance. The intensity of the measured diffraction orders carries information about the absorber line profile like top CD, sidewall angle, height, and top corner radius. It is shown that it is feasible to derive information on the absorber line profile in periodic areas of lines and spaces by means of rigorous numerical modeling with the finite element method (FEM). We demonstrate the determination of line profile parameters for chrome on glass (CoG) and EUV masks. EUV Reflectometry on CoG masks is successfully used to determine absorber line heights. A good correlation (0.2 nm rms) between CD values determined using EUV scatterometry and CD-SEM is demonstrated for an EUV mask. A clear correlation between diffuse scatter intensity and CD uniformity, respectively line roughness, is also obtained.
E-commerce Product Recommendation by Personalized Promotion and Total Surplus Maximization (2016)

Existing recommendation algorithms treat recommendation problem as rating prediction and the recommendation quality is measured by RMSE or other similar metrics. However, we argued that when it comes to E-commerce product recommendation, recommendation is more than rating prediction by realizing the fact price plays a critical role in recommendation result. In this work, we propose to build E-commerce product recommender systems based on fundamental economic notions. We first proposed an incentive compatible method that can effectively elicit consumer's willingness-to-pay in a typical E-commerce setting and in a further step, we formalize the recommendation problem as maximizing total surplus. We validated the proposed WTP elicitation algorithm through crowd sourcing and the results demonstrated that the proposed approach can achieve higher seller profit by personalizing promotion. We also proposed a total surplus maximization (TSM) based recommendation framework. We specified TSM by three of the most representative settings - e-commerce where the product quantity can be viewed as infinity, P2P lending where the resource is bounded and freelancer marketing where the resource (job) can be assigned to one freelancer. The experimental results of the corresponding datasets shows that TSM exceeds existing approach in terms of total surplus.
TGF-beta attenuates the class II transactivator and reveals an accessory pathway of IFN-γ action (1997)

In the present report, the induction of the HLA-DRA gene in response to IFN-gamma is shown to be selectively attenuated by TGF-beta. Thus, the accumulation in response to IFN-gamma of mRNA for the DRA gene, but not for the guanylate binding protein-2 gene, is markedly reduced in the presence of TGF-beta. Moreover, the data presented show that the mechanism by which TGF-beta inhibits expression of DRA involves attenuation of the class II transactivator (CIITA) gene. This conclusion is based on the finding that induction of CIITA gene expression in response to IFN-gamma is completely abrogated in TGF-beta-treated cells. In contrast, TGF-beta did not affect IFN-gamma-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Jak1, Jak2, or the signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (Stat1). TGF-beta also did not inhibit the appearance of IFN-gamma-activated, Stat1 DNA-binding activity in intact cells. Thus, the effects of TGF-beta on CIITA could not be explained by altered signaling through Jak-Stat1. Potential alternative targets for the inhibitory effects of TGF-beta were identified in renaturation tyrosine kinase assays, which revealed three IFN-gamma-activated protein tyrosine kinases that, in contrast to the Janus kinases, are sensitive to TGF-beta. These findings 1) indicate that inhibition of MHC class II gene expression by TGF-beta involves attenuation of the CIITA gene independently of effects on Janus kinases, 2) provide direct evidence that IFN-gamma activates both Janus and non-Janus protein tyrosine kinases, and 3) identify an accessory pathway of IFN-gamma action involving tyrosine kinases that, unlike the Jak-Stat1 pathway, are impaired by TGF-beta.
Performance characteristics of scintigraphic measurement of gastric emptying of solids in healthy participants (2012)

Inter-subject variations in scintigraphic GE results are only slightly higher than the intra-subject measurements, which are also reproducible over time in healthy volunteers. Gender, but not BMI, is significantly associated with GE results.
Ionized physical vapor deposition of titanium nitride: A global plasma model (2002)

A global plasma model for an ionized physical vapor deposition (IPVD) system is described. The model predicts the density of electrons, excited state, Ar and N2, ironized Ar, N2, and Ti, the density of atomic N and N+, and the electron temperature. The computed results are compared to experimental measurements of a titanium nitride IPVD reactor to confirm the validity of the model. The reactor consists of an inductively coupled plasma source that is fed by argon, nitrogen, and sputtered titanium. The dissociation of nitrogen in the discharge is typically found to be in the range of 10%–30%. The electron temperature is 1.8 eV, and the ion density is between 2×1011 and 6×1011 cm−3. The ion density is found to decrease as nitrogen is added to the Ar discharge due to collisional losses associated with molecular states. In the metal mode of operation, the atomic nitrogen density is suppressed by the Ti-rich reactor walls. As the nitrogen flow rate is increased, the target and walls become nitrided and the density of N increases an order of magnitude to 2–4×1012 cm−3. The ionization fraction for the depositing flux of titanium is typically 0.4–0.7. The model is easily adapted to other technologically relevant diffusion barrier layer materials such as WN and TaN.