gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Initial blood pressure fall on stand up and exercise explained by changes in total peripheral resistance (1991)

To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the initial fall in blood pressure on standing upright from the supine position, we measured the beat-to-beat changes in intra-arterial pressure in eight healthy male subjects in response to standing. Changes in stroke volume, cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance were computed from the pressure waveform using a pulse contour method. To determine possible mechanisms for the changes observed on standing, similar measures were made on passive tilting and a brief (3-s) bout of cycle exercise. Standing elicited a transient 25% (23-mmHg) fall in mean blood pressure as a result of a 36% fall in total peripheral resistance. Head-up tilt elicited a gradual change in haemodynamic parameters, which reached plateau levels in 20-30 s. Cycling elicited a transient 17% (18-mmHg) fall in blood pressure and a 41% fall in total peripheral resistance. In addition, we measured right atrial and esophageal pressures in two subjects on standing and cycling and found a 10- to 15-mmHg rise in right atrial pressure without a corresponding change in esophageal pressure. This points to the cardiopulmonary reflex as the primary effector of peripheral vasodilation, but we cannot exclude the possibility that 1) local metabolic vasodilation and 2) central command-mediated cholinergic vasodilation contributed to the fall in vascular resistance.
Robust lane detection and tracking for lane departure warning (2012)

Lane detection is an important component of many intelligent transportation systems. This paper proposes a novel lane departure algorithm for detecting lane markers in images acquired from a forward-looking vehicle-mounted camera. The interested targets of the algorithm are always the nearest two lanes to the automobile, and it can detect the left and right lane separately, which would generate the departure warning more precisely. As the main idea is two sure a straight line, the endpoints of segment lanes of the last image can be used as prior information to estimate lanes in the following one. It's a real-time algorithm for lane detection and tracking, which is also simple to implement. The experimental results on local streets and highways show that the suggested algorithm is very reliable and robust.
Further results in likelihood classification of QAM signals (2002)

Maximum likelihood decision theory is applied to the problem of classification of quadrature-modulated digital communication signals. Several aspects of the existing low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) results are extended to the moderate and high SNR environments. An approximate probability density function (PDF) for the single-term approximation to the average log-likelihood-ratio (ALLR) which is valid at all SNR values is presented and its superior accuracy, compared to the low SNR pdf, is verified via computer simulation. Computer simulation is also used to show that multiple-term approximations to the ALLR may provide significant performance gains relative to their individual terms. A simple, practical method for setting the threshold of the ALLR test is presented and it is shown, through simulation, that little performance degradation is suffered relative to the optimal setting, which is difficult to determine analytically in most cases. True signal pre-processing techniques are also presented, and it is demonstrated that their use significantly improves the robustness of the classification algorithms for phase-shift-keying signals in frequency-uncertain environments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Exploration for porphyry copper deposits in Pakistan using digital processing of Landsat-1 data (1976)

Rock-type classification by digital-computer processing of Landsat-1 multispectral scanner data has been used to select 23 prospecting targets in the Chagai District, Pakistan, five of which have proved to be large areas of hydrothermally altered porphyry containing pyrite. Empirical maximum and minimum apparent reflectance limits were selected for each multispectral scanner band in each rock type classified, and a relatively unrefined classification table was prepared. Where the values for all four bands fitted within the limits designated for a particular class, a symbol for the presumed rock type was printed by the computer at the appropriate location. Drainage channels, areas of mineralized quartz diorite, areas of pyrite-rich rock, and the approximate limit of propylitic alteration were very well delineated on the computer-generated map of the test area. The classification method was used to evaluate 2,100 sq km in the Mashki Chah region. The results of the experiment show that outcrops of hydrothermally altered and mineralized rock can be identified from Landsat-1 data under favorable conditions.
Combination of Bottom-up 2D-LC-MS and Semi-top-down GelFree-LC-MS Enhances Coverage of Proteome and Low Molecular Weight Short Open Reading Frame Encoded Peptides of the Archaeon <i>Methanosarcina mazei</i> (2016)

The recent discovery of an increasing number of small open reading frames (sORF) creates the need for suitable analytical technologies for the comprehensive identification of the corresponding gene products. For biological and functional studies the knowledge of the entire set of proteins and sORF gene products is essential. Consequently in the present study we evaluated analytical approaches that will allow for simultaneous analysis of widest parts of the proteome together with the predicted sORF. We performed a full proteome analysis of the methane producing archaeon Methanosarcina mazei strain Gö1 cytosolic proteome using a high/low pH reversed phase LC-MS bottom-up approach. The second analytical approach was based on semi-top-down strategy, encompassing a separation at intact protein level using a GelFree system, followed by digestion and LC-MS analysis. A high overlap in identified proteins was found for both approaches yielding the most comprehensive coverage of the cytosolic proteome of this organism achieved so far. The application of the second approach in combination with an adjustment of the search criteria for database searches further led to a significant increase of sORF peptide identifications, finally allowing to detect and identify 28 sORF gene products.
Hsp25 and Hsp72 content in rat skeletal muscle following controlled shortening and lengthening contractions (2014)

The cytoprotective proteins, Hsp25 and Hsp72, are increased in skeletal muscle after nondamaging, shortening contractions, but the temporal pattern of expression and stimulatory mechanisms remain unclear. Thus, we sought to define the in vivo temporal patterns of expression for Hsp25 and Hsp72 after 2 opposing contractions types. To do this, male Sprague-Dawley rats had 1 tibialis anterior (TA) muscle electrically stimulated (5 sets of 20 repetitions) while being either forcibly lengthened (LC) or shortened (SC). At 2, 8, 24, 48, 72, or 168 h after the contractions both the stimulated and the nonstimulated (contra-lateral control) TA muscles were removed and processed to examine muscle damage (hemotoxylin and eosin staining) and Hsp content (Western blot analyses). Cross-sections from TA muscles subjected to LCs showed muscle fibre damage at 8 h and thereafter. In contrast, no muscle fibre damage was observed at any time point following SCs. When normalized to contra-lateral controls, Hsp25 and Hsp72 content were significantly (P < 0.01) increased at 24 h (3.1- and 3.8-fold, respectively) and thereafter. There were no significant increases in Hsp25 or Hsp72 content at any time point following SC. These data suggest that LCs, but not SCs, result in Hsp accumulation and that the fibre/cellular damage sustained from LCs may be the stimulus for elevating Hsp content.
TouringMachines: an architecture for dynamic, rational, mobile agents (2021)

It is becoming widely accepted that neither purely reactive nor purely deliberative control techniques are capable of producing the range of behaviours required of intelligent computational or robotic agents in dynamic, unpredictable, multi-agent worlds. We present a new architecture for controlling autonomous, mobile agents – building on previous work addressing reactive and deliberative control methods. The proposed multi-layered control architecture allows a resource-bounded, goal-directed agent to react promptly to unexpected changes in its environment; at the same time it enables the agent to reason predictively about potential conflicts by constructing and projecting causal models or theories which hypothesise other agents’ goals and intentions. The line of research adopted is very much a pragmatic one. A single, common architecture has been implemented which, being extensively parametrized, allows an experimenter to study functionally- and behaviourally-diverse agent configurations. A principal aim of this research is to understand the role different functional capabilities play in constraining an agent’s behaviour under varying environmental conditions. To this end, we have constructed an experimental testbed comprising a simulated multi-agent world in which a variety of agent configurations and behaviours have been investigated. Experience with the new control architecture is described.
Excitons in carbon nanotubes: Diameter and chirality trends (2007)

Abstract We provide a closer look into the diameter and chirality dependences of exciton properties in carbon nanotubes, using a variational methodology based on the effective mass and envelope function approximations, supported by ab initio parameters. Experimental measurements of the binding energy are reproduced within 0.02 eV for a large variety of tubes. We also report on the singlet‐triplet energy splittings, which show a 1/ d 2 diameter dependence. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
GaN-Based Megahertz Single-Phase Inverter With a Hybrid TCM Control Method for High Efficiency and High-Power Density (2020)

Compared with traditional frequency limitation method DCM and QCFTCM for TCM-based inverter, this article proposes a hybrid TCM method, which can achieve both full range ZVS and frequency variation limitation. An accurate resonant transition model is established and the switching frequency variation range can be obtained for TCM. The hybrid control can be implemented according to the variation ratio γ. In order to determine the optimal γ, an offline optimization algorithm based on loss estimation is proposed. Therefore, an accurate analytical loss model for GaN HEMTs considering the nonlinear junction capacitance is given for TCM and hybrid TCM. The loss model shows that the total losses of hybrid TCM inverter are reduced compared with TCM. Moreover, an interleaved GaN-based megahertz single-phase inverter with digital control is demonstrated with 120 W/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> power density. The aforementioned benefits are experimentally verified in the optimal hybrid TCM. With this hybrid control, the measured peak efficiency is 98%. Compared with pure TCM mode, there is a 70% reduction in the switching frequency and the related efficiency is 0.8% higher at light loads. Higher power density (135 W/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ) can be achieved in hybrid TCM through further increasing the switching frequency compared with pure TCM.
Learning to detect events with Markov-modulated poisson processes (2007)

Time-series of count data occur in many different contexts, including Internet navigation logs, freeway traffic monitoring, and security logs associated with buildings. In this article we describe a framework for detecting anomalous events in such data using an unsupervised learning approach. Normal periodic behavior is modeled via a time-varying Poisson process model, which in turn is modulated by a hidden Markov process that accounts for bursty events. We outline a Bayesian framework for learning the parameters of this model from count time-series. Two large real-world datasets of time-series counts are used as testbeds to validate the approach, consisting of freeway traffic data and logs of people entering and exiting a building. We show that the proposed model is significantly more accurate at detecting known events than a more traditional threshold-based technique. We also describe how the model can be used to investigate different degrees of periodicity in the data, including systematic day-of-week and time-of-day effects, and to make inferences about different aspects of events such as number of vehicles or people involved. The results indicate that the Markov-modulated Poisson framework provides a robust and accurate framework for adaptively and autonomously learning how to separate unusual bursty events from traces of normal human activity.
Structural basis for pH-dependent retrieval of ER proteins from the Golgi by the KDEL receptor (2019)

Selective export and retrieval of proteins between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus is indispensable for eukaryotic cell function. An essential step in the retrieval of ER luminal proteins from the Golgi is the pH-dependent recognition of a carboxyl-terminal Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu (KDEL) signal by the KDEL receptor. Here, we present crystal structures of the chicken KDEL receptor in the apo ER state, KDEL-bound Golgi state, and in complex with an antagonistic synthetic nanobody (sybody). These structures show a transporter-like architecture that undergoes conformational changes upon KDEL binding and reveal a pH-dependent interaction network crucial for recognition of the carboxyl terminus of the KDEL signal. Complementary in vitro binding and in vivo cell localization data explain how these features create a pH-dependent retrieval system in the secretory pathway.
The shuffle/exchange-plus networks (1982)

From the reliability point of view, the uniqueness of path between any processor and memory module in a standard k-column Shuffle/Exchange (S/E) network is an inherent weakness. It is proposed to add a column of switches to the existing multistage S/E network such that the modified network, which will be called the S/E-Plus network, will retain the permuting power of the corresponding S/E network and have dual paths between any processor and any memory module. Fault tolerant routing algorithm is then designed to exploit the dual path structure of the S/E-Plus network. Various applications of the routing algorithm including a technique for performing permutation in the S/E-Plus network in which a fault exists are also discussed. Finally, the path reliability and the path reliability gain are defined to evaluate the S/E-Plus network.
Genetic mapping of basal root gravitropism and phosphorus acquisition efficiency in common bean (2004)

Root gravitropism determines the relative distribution of plant roots in different soil layers, and therefore, may influence the acquisition of shallow soil resources such as phosphorus (P). Growth pouch and field studies were conducted to evaluate root gravitropism of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in response to P deficiency and to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with this trait. A deep-rooted genotype, DOR364, was crossed with a shallow-rooted genotype, G19833, to obtain 86 F<sub>5.7</sub> recombinant inbred lines (RILs). Root gravitropic traits were measured as basal root growth angle (BRGA), shallow basal root length (SBRL, basal root length in the top 0-3 cm of soil) and relative shallow basal root length (RSBRL, percentage of basal root length in the top 0-3 cm of soil relative to total basal root length). Large genetic variability for these traits was found in the parents and RILs, with BRGA ranging from -18.73 to 56.69º and SBRL ranging from 0.42 to 2.63 m per plant. The parents and six RILs with contrasting root gravitropism were further evaluated in the field, where root shallowness was significantly correlated with plant growth and P uptake. QTL were detected by single point analysis (SPA), interval mapping (IM) and composite interval mapping (CIM) techniques with a genetic map for the DOR364 × G19833 population consisting of 236 molecular markers. The IM / CIM QTL were detected among the 11 linkage groups of common bean, with 16 QTL controlling the above root traits and six QTL controlling P acquisition efficiency (PAE) in the field study. At least three of the root trait QTL were associated with QTL for PAE, suggesting that root gravitropic traits are associated with PAE and that QTL for these traits can be used to facilitate selection and breeding for higher P efficiency in common bean and other crops.
3D Face Modeling based on 3D Morphable Shape Model (2008)

3D 얼굴 모델링은 33공간에서 얼굴을 자유롭게 회전 시켜 다양한 얼굴 자세를 표현하고 조명 효과도 적절하게 모델링 할 수 있으므로, 얼굴 자세, 조명, 표정 등의 표현에 있어서 2D 얼굴 모델링에 비해 보다 정교하며 사실감이 뛰어나 얼굴 인식, 게임, 아바타 등에서 많은 요구가 존재한다. 본 논문에서는 3D 변형 가능 형상 모델에 기반을 둔 3D 얼굴 모델링 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 3D 얼굴 모델링 방법은 먼저 3D 스캐너를 통하여 획득한 3D 얼굴 스캔 데이터를 이용하여 3D 얼굴 변형 가능 형상 모델을 구축한다. 다음, 3D 얼굴 모델링을 하고자 하는 얼굴의 2D 이미지 시퀀스로부터, 해당 얼굴의 특징점들을 검출하고 이들을 매칭하여, 매칭된 특징점들로부터 인수분해 기반 SfM 기법을 이용하여 해당 특징점의 3D 버텍스 좌표 값을 구한다. 이후, 구한 3D 버텍스들을 3D 변형 가능 형상 모델에 정합하여 해당 얼굴의 3D 형상 모델을 얻는다. 또한, 2D 얼굴 이미지 시퀀스들로부터 뷰 독립적인 2D 원통 좌표 텍스쳐 맵을 구하고 이를 이용하여 3D 형상 모델을 렌더링 함으로써, 최종적으로 3B 얼굴 모델을 완성한다. 제안된 3D 얼굴 모델링 방법에 의한 3D 얼굴 모델 생성 과정을 통해서, 본 논문에서 제안한 3D 얼굴 모델링 방법이 기존의 얼굴 모델링 방법들에 비해 상대적으로 빠르고 비교적 정교하게 수행됨을 볼 수 있었다. Since 3D face can be rotated freely in 3D space and illumination effects can be modeled properly, 3D face modeling Is more precise and realistic in face pose, illumination, and expression than 2D face modeling. Thus, 3D modeling is necessitated much in face recognition, game, avatar, and etc. In this paper, we propose a 3D face modeling method based on 3D morphable shape modeling. The proposed 3D modeling method first constructs a 3D morphable shape model out of 3D face scan data obtained using a 3D scanner Next, the proposed method extracts and matches feature points of the face from 2D image sequence containing a face to be modeled, and then estimates 3D vertex coordinates of the feature points using a factorization based SfM technique. Then, the proposed method obtains a 3D shape model of the face to be modeled by fitting the 3D vertices to the constructed 3D morphable shape model. Also, the proposed method makes a cylindrical texture map using 2D face image sequence. Finally, the proposed method builds a 3D face model by rendering the 3D face shape model with the cylindrical texture map. Through building processes of 3D face model by the proposed method, it is shown that the proposed method is relatively easy, fast and precise than the previous 3D face model methods.
Sequential weak measurement (2007)

The notion of weak measurement provides a formalism for extracting information from a quantum system in the limit of vanishing disturbance to its state. Here we extend this formalism to the measurement of sequences of observables. When these observables do not commute, we may obtain information about joint properties of a quantum system that would be forbidden in the usual strong measurement scenario. As an application, we provide a physically compelling characterization of the notion of counterfactual quantum computation.
Pain‐free venepuncture (1984)

This study was designed to assess the effect of time on the analgesic effect of a local anaesthetic cream consisting of a mixture of 5% lignocaine and prilocaine. The cream and placebo were compared in a double-blind, randomized study in 114 children aged 4-17 years, with application times of 20 minutes and longer. A regression analysis revealed no difference in analgesic effect between cream and placebo when application times were less than 60 minutes. A cusum test showed that the effect of the cream became evident at about 60 minutes. Local adverse reactions consisted mainly of transient paleness of the skin, which did not constitute any clinical problem.
Controlled Domain Tip Propagation. Part II (1966)

The controlled propagation of domain tips in appropriately prepared thin magnetic films has been shown to lead to a wide variety of possible thin-film devices. Two particular devices which utilize this technique are discussed. The first is a new type of thin-film shift register the operation of which depends upon the speed and directionality of domain tip propagation. The second is a system of thin-film, all-magnetic logic which utilizes, in addition, the forces of interaction between domain tips brought into proximity. The construction and operation of prototype devices of this sort are described.
Plasma Lens for Optical Path Difference Control (2012)

This research investigated the feasibility of a plasma lens for wave front control of coherent light sources. The approach is based on the relation between a plasma electron density and its index of refraction. The plasma was encapsulated in a hollow glass cylinder with flat optical glass at its ends. Air in the glass cylinder was ionized using a dielectric barrier discharge. The wave front distortion produced by the ionized air was characterized by placing the plasma lens in one arm of a Michelson interferometer setup. The effect of gas pressure and plasma power were investigated. The results were compared with a derived analytic model that related the electron density and optical path difference to the plasma power. The agreement between the experiment and analytic model was very good, especially at the higher plasma power levels. The maximum optical path difference increased with the gas pressure inside the lens. A maximum optical path difference of approximately 1.5 μm was achieved in the experiments. This brackets optical path difference levels that are typical of aero-optic applications, and otherwise corrected using electromechanical deformable mirrors. Although air was used as the gas in the plasma lens in these feasibility experiments, the use of Penning mixtures would further increase possible optical path difference levels and provide greater dynamic range.
A 1.2V 1Mbit embedded MRAM core with folded bit-line array architecture (2004)

A 1Mbit MRAM with a 0.81 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ 1-Transistor 1-Magnetic Tunnel Junction (1Tr-1MTJ) cell using 0.13 /spl mu/m 4LM logic technology has been produced. A folded-bitline sensing and common write word-line scheme with dummy row architecture achieves 100MHz random read cycle with n/sup +/ diffusion/Co-silicide read source lines. Employing a distributed gate voltage control scheme, high speed write current switching without write disturb by peak current even at 1.2V power supply is demonstrated.
Frequency compounding of synthetic aperture ultrasound imagery using multiscale products (2010)

Ultrasound waves offer good penetration in many materials and because they have the ability to detect and locate very small defects, non destructive testing based on this technology is very popular. Resolution in range is proportional to the bandwidth of the transmitted pulse but at higher frequencies noise is more prominent. Therefore, there is a tradeoff between detection accuracy and image quality. In this work, the authors propose the formation of a high resolution image based on synthetic aperture focusing that includes multiple frequency scans. By using a series of pulse-based waveforms with different bandwidths, a singularity analysis can be performed and based on wavelet decomposition and multiscale products, noise can be significantly reduced while preserving good resolution.
Charakterisierung des Abnutzungsverhaltens metallischer Oberflächen (1965)

Das Abnutzungsverhalten metallischer Oberflächen wird durch eine Vielzahl von Faktoren beeinflußt. Das gleichzeitige Auftreten mehrerer Faktoren, deren Einfluß je nach dem untersuchten Fall ganz verschieden groß sein kann, führt dazu, daß sich im Schrifttum ein sehr komplexes Bild über das Abnutzungsverhalten gebildet hat. Bevor im einzelnen darauf eingegangen wird, seien die wesentlichen Begriffe und Ansichten kurz näher erläutert.