gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Left ventricular chamber filling and midwall fiber lengthening in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: overestimation of fiber velocities by conventional midwall measurements. (1985)

Observations that the inner (subendocardial) half of the left ventricular wall contributes more to total left ventricular wall thickening than the outer (subepicardial) half may have important implications in the analysis of myocardial fiber length transients. Accordingly, we measured endocardial and midwall shortening and lengthening rates in normal and hypertrophic heart and compared the results obtained with conventional methods of measurement with those obtained with a modified model that does not depend on use of conventional assumptions about the midwall. This modified (two-shell) cylindrical model) method considers the substantial contribution of inner wall thickening and thus does not require the assumption of a theoretical midwall fiber that remains at the midwall throughout the cardiac cycle. Echocardiographic data from six normal subjects and six patients with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) were examined; left ventricular wall thickness ranged from 8 to 10 mm in normal subjects and from 11 to 16 mm in the patients with LVH. By design, the standard measurements of left ventricular size (diastolic and systolic dimensions) and systolic function (fractional shortening and endocardial fiber shortening velocities) were equal in the two groups. Endocardial, conventional midwall, and modified midwall methods all indicate reduced fiber lengthening rates in patients with LVH; peak fiber lengthening rates for normal and LVH groups were 4.5 +/- 0.7 vs 3.1 +/- 0.8 sec-1 (p less than .02) at the endocardium, 2.3 +/- 0.4 vs 1.6 +/- 0.4 sec-1 (p less than .02) at the midwall (conventional method), and 2.1 +/- 0.3 vs 1.4 +/- 0.3 sec-1 (p less than .01) at the midwall (modified method).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Photoinitiated and photosustained laser (1972)

The gases and cathode of a TEA CO2 laser are irradiated with uv radiation. The resulting photoionization and photoemission initiate and assist in sustaining a high-energy low-field-strength discharge. Output energy of 50 J/liter at an efficiency of 15% has been obtained in an initial demonstration.
The pH-dependent Soret difference spectra of the deoxy and carbonmonoxy forms of human hemoglobin and its derivatives (1977)

The transition from deoxy to oxystructure of hemoglobin A (Hb) is accompanied by the breaking of the salt bridges formed by C-terminal residues in deoxy-Hb. This, in turn, changes the state of the heme. The switch between these different allosteric forms can be followed by changes in the optical absorbance spectra (Perutz, M. F., Ladner, J. E., Simon, S. R., and Ho, C. (1974), Biochemistry 13, 2163). Using difference spectroscopy in the soret region, pH-dependent spectral changes of Hb and its derivatives (carbamylated at both the alpha-NH2 groups, alpha2cbeta2c; N-ethylsuccinimide hemoglobin, NES-Hb) in their deoxy and carbonmonoxy forms were measured. From these measurements, the pK values of histidine-146beta and valine-1alpha in deoxy-Hb were determined to be 8.6 +/- 0.2 and 7.7 +/- 0.1, respectively. In carbonmonoxy-Hb a pK value of 6.3 +/- 0.1 was found.
Pharmacologically active polymers, 7. Cyclophosphamide‐ and steroidhormone containing polymers as potential anticancer compounds (1974)

Abstract A number of acrylic and methacrylic esters and N ‐vinyl monomers of cyclophosphamide‐ and testosterone derivatives were prepared. The monomers were homopolymerized and copolymerized with hydrophilic monomers to yield watersoluble products.
Geometric modelling and display primitives towards specialised hardware (1983)

Work over the last ten years developing a simple geometric modelling scheme has led to the design of a high speed display processor capable of generating real time moving displays directly from a three dimensional model. The geometric model consists of a graph-matrix boundary representation linked to a boolean expression volume overlap representation. The architecture of the display processor is particularly suitable for implementation as a pipeline of VLSI components, and current work is exploring this possibility. A divide and conquer, quad tree algorithm applied to the boolean expression model allows the system to make use of scene coherence, and used with the hardware will make it possible to handle scenes of high complexity.
Implementation of Conductive Concrete for Deicing (Roca Bridge) (2008)

1.1 Background ..... 1 1.2The Roca Spur Bridge.For instance, the Discovery Channel aired a technology report featuring this innovative deicing technology, which can be viewed at http://www.exn.ca/dailyplanet/view.asp?date=2/20/2004.The Roca Bridge project won the 2003 Award of
Local Bonding Influence on the Band Edge and Band Gap Formation in Quaternary Chalcopyrites (2017)

Quaternary chalcopyrites have shown to exhibit tunable band gaps with changing anion composition. Inspired by these observations, the underlying structural and electronic considerations are investigated using a combination of experimentally obtained structural data, molecular orbital considerations, and density functional theory. Within the solid solution Cu<sub>2</sub>ZnGeS<sub>4-</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i> Se <i><sub>x</sub></i> , the anion bond alteration parameter changes, showing larger bond lengths for metal-selenium than for metal-sulfur bonds. The changing bonding interaction directly influences the valence and conduction band edges, which result from antibonding Cu-anion and Ge-anion interactions, respectively. The knowledge of the underlying bonding interactions at the band edges can help design properties of these quaternary chalcopyrites for photovoltaic and thermoelectric applications.
Some graph partitioning problems and algorithms related to routing in large computer networks (2003)

The problem of partitioning a large computer network into clusters in order to reduce the amount of network resources consumed by the routing algorithm is addressed. The clustering problem is formulated as a general graph partitioning problem. It is shown that the problem of partitioning a graph into a minimum number of clusters with unit weight vertices and a given weight bound on the cluster size is NP-complete if each cluster is required to be internally connected. It is also shown that if a diameter bound is imposed on the cluster instead of the weight bound, then the problem is NP-complete, even when cluster connectivity is not required. An optimum partitioning algorithm is presented for the latter problem when the graph is a tree. An optimum partitioning algorithm is presented for another problem in which each cluster is required to contain exactly one of a set of specified vertices called cluster heads.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Survey on Collecting, Managing, and Analyzing Provenance from Scripts (2019)

Scripts are widely used to design and run scientific experiments. Scripting languages are easy to learn and use, and they allow complex tasks to be specified and executed in fewer steps than with traditional programming languages. However, they also have important limitations for reproducibility and data management. As experiments are iteratively refined, it is challenging to reason about each experiment run (or trial), to keep track of the association between trials and experiment instances as well as the differences across trials, and to connect results to specific input data and parameters. Approaches have been proposed that address these limitations by collecting, managing, and analyzing the provenance of scripts. In this article, we survey the state of the art in provenance for scripts. We have identified the approaches by following an exhaustive protocol of forward and backward literature snowballing. Based on a detailed study, we propose a taxonomy and classify the approaches using this taxonomy.
Molecular Rotors As Conditionally Fluorescent Labels for Rapid Detection of Biomolecular Interactions (2014)

We demonstrate the use of fluorescent molecular rotors as probes for detecting biomolecular interactions, specifically peptide-protein interactions. Molecular rotors undergo twisted intramolecular charge transfer upon irradiation, relax via the nonradiative torsional relaxation pathway, and have been typically used as viscosity probes. Their utility as a tool for detecting specific biomolecular interactions has not been explored. Using the well characterized p53-Mdm2 interaction as a model system, we designed a 9-(2-carboxy-2-cyanovinyl) julolidine-based p53 peptide reporter, JP1-R, which fluoresces conditionally only upon Mdm2 binding. The reporter was used in a rapid, homogeneous assay to screen a fragment library for antagonists of the p53-Mdm2 interaction, and several inhibitors were identified. Subsequent validation of these hits using established secondary assays suggests increased sensitivity afforded by JP1-R. The fluorescence of molecular rotors contingent upon target binding makes them a versatile tool for detecting specific biomolecular interactions.
PhD Dissertation: Compact Models for Future Generation CMOS (2011)

Multiple-gate MOSFETs with superior short channel control are expected to replace planar CMOS in the near future. An accurate and computationally efficient compact transistor model is necessary to simulate circuits in multiple-gate MOSFET technologies. In this dissertation research, a compact multiple-gate MOSFET model, BSIM-MG is developed. BSIM-MG includes independent multi-gate compact model BSIM-IMG and common multi-gate compact model BSIM-CMG. We focus on BSIM-IMG for multiple-gate MOSFETs with independent front- and back-gates. The basic formulations for surface potential, drain current and charge are derived and verified against TCAD simulations with excellent agreements. The model preserves important property of multi-gate MOSFETs such as volume inversion. Non-ideal effects including short channel effects, length dependent back-gate coupling, transport models, leakage currents, parasitic resistances and capacitances, temperature effects and self heating are considered in the model. The model expressions are carefully formulated so that the symmetry of the source and drain is preserved. Rules for maintaining symmetry are discussed in this dissertation. <p>For the common multi-gate transistor model BSIM-CMG, the basic expressions have been improved so that it is compatible with a novel non quasi-static effects modeling technique - charge segmentation. In addition, a parasitic source/drain resistance model is developed, including three components: the contact resistance, the spreading resistance, and the bias-dependent extension resistance. Both BSIM-CMG and BSIM-IMG models are verified against TCAD and measured data. <p>The use of the FinFET compact model to predict manufacturing variation in a FinFET technology is further explored. The model matches measured data well for both the nominal case and the statistical distribution for NMOS threshold voltage as well as the read static noise margin. A non-Gaussian threshold voltage distribution is observed for nFET devices, and the compact model successfully captures the distribution. We further outlined and demonstrated a Monte-Carlo based procedure for designing FinFET SRAM cells using the extracted variation information. <p>Technology scaling has enabled numerous CMOS analog circuits for low cost radiofrequency applications. The modeling of MOSFET thermal noise becomes very important in these applications. In the final part of this dissertation research, a new thermal noise model is developed for the industry standard BSIM4 model that enhances the existing thermal noise formulation in BSIM4. The model is verified against a segmented channel MOSFET model as well as with measured data. It is implemented in Berkeley SPICE3 and is ready for industry use. A method to port the model to BSIM-MG for thermal noise modeling in multi-gate MOSFETs is also presented.
Extensive adenosine‐to‐inosine editing detected in <i>Alu</i> repeats of antisense RNAs reveals scarcity of sense–antisense duplex formation (2006)

One type of RNA editing converts adenosine residues to inosine in double-stranded regions. Recent transcriptome analysis has revealed that numerous Alu repeats, present within introns and untranslated regions of human transcripts, are subject to this A-->I RNA editing. Furthermore, it revealed global transcription of antisense RNAs. Here, we demonstrate that antisense RNAs are also edited extensively but only in their Alu repeat sequences, and editing does not extend to the surrounding sequence. Our findings imply that sense and antisense RNAs form two separate intramolecular double-stranded RNAs consisting of inversely oriented Alu repeats, but rarely form intermolecular duplexes.
Microwave Heating Applied to Pyrolysis (2011)

the MW pyrolysis as an original thermochemical process of materials is presented. This chapter comprises a general overview of the thermochemical and quantifying aspects of the pyrolysis process, including current application togethe with a compilation of the most frequently used materials
Error estimates for a finite element approximation of a minimal surface (1975)

A finite element approximation of the minimal surface problem for a strictly convex bounded plane domain <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="normal upper Omega"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Omega</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is considered. The approximating functions are continuous and piecewise linear on a triangulation of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="normal upper Omega"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\Omega</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>. Error estimates of the form <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper O left-parenthesis h right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>h</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">O(h)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> in the <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper H Superscript 1"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{H^1}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> norm and <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper O left-parenthesis h squared right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>h</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">O({h^2})</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> in the <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper L Subscript p"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{L_p}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>-norm <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-parenthesis p greater-than 2 right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>></mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">(p > 2)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> are proved, where <italic>h</italic> denotes the maximal side in the triangulation.
Measurement of power flow variations in Gaussian plane using phasor measuring unit (2016)

In order to avoid large scale failure, it is necessary to monitor the widespread and complex performance of interconnected power grid system in real time. In case of bulk power system, the operation of Protective Relays and the Circuit Breakers are fast enough for secured performance but tracking of the system parameters during an event is beyond the scope of such devices. So, real time tracking before an event and quick analysis for potential failure of the system at the time of disturbances is quite difficult. Modernization of technology provides us with instruments to sample the continuous-time analog signal into discrete-time digital signal with the help of a device called Phasor Measuring Unit (PMU). As a result, it is also possible to estimate the dynamic phasor of the system and to determine the frequency and the Rate of Change of Frequency (ROCOF) of the system within a specific frequency zone. The purpose of this paper is to present a mechanism for continuous observation of the interconnected power system within a specific frequency zone and detection of its nature with improved accuracy using Phasor Measuring Unit (PMU). Having the Rate of Change of Frequency as the prime detector of disturbances at the interconnected grid system in Gaussian plane, this should facilitate the continuous observation and a system protection scheme which is more efficient. This should minimize the sudden damages of the system equipments due to abnormal behavior of the bulk interconnected electrical power system.
Ionotropic Receptor-dependent moist and dry cells control hygrosensation in Drosophila (2017)

Insects use hygrosensation (humidity sensing) to avoid desiccation and, in vectors such as mosquitoes, to locate vertebrate hosts. Sensory neurons activated by either dry or moist air ('dry cells' and 'moist cells') have been described in many insects, but their behavioral roles and the molecular basis of their hygrosensitivity remain unclear. We recently reported that <i>Drosophila</i> hygrosensation relies on three Ionotropic Receptors (IRs) required for dry cell function: IR25a, IR93a and IR40a (Knecht et al., 2016). Here, we discover <i>Drosophila</i> moist cells and show that they require IR25a and IR93a together with IR68a, a conserved, but orphan IR. Both IR68a- and IR40a-dependent pathways drive hygrosensory behavior: each is important for dry-seeking by hydrated flies and together they underlie moist-seeking by dehydrated flies. These studies reveal that humidity sensing in <i>Drosophila</i>, and likely other insects, involves the combined activity of two molecularly related but neuronally distinct hygrosensing systems.
How to disperse gases in liquids (1994)

Mixing of a gas in a liquid is required in fermentation operations and a variety of oxygenation and hydrogenation processes. Agitation increases the mass transfer between the gas and the liquid phase. Gas-liquid reactors equipped with agitators are often operated at high power input and large gas holdup, making these units among the most difficult to design. Modern high-efficiency and concave-blade disc impellers provide the proper balance of flow, turbulence and shear for most applications. For an overview of the state of the art in gas-liquid agitation, a number of excellent reports are available. This article aims to present practical design guidelines while explaining the basics of gas-liquid mixing. It expands on design procedures presented in 1976 by Hicks and Gates and capitalizes on recent advances in flow-visualization techniques, development of new gas-dispersion impellers and improved understanding of the dispersion process itself. Methods to calculate power draw, gas holdup and mass-transfer rate are illustrated with examples. It is shown that concave-blade turbines provide better performance than the traditional flat-blade units.
Investigating Test Teams' Defect Detection in Function test (2007)

In a case study, the defect detection for functional test teams is investigated. In the study it is shown that the test teams not only discover defects in the features under test that they are responsible for, but also defects in interacting components, belonging to other test teams' features. The paper presents the metrics collected and the results as such from the study, which gives insights into a complex development environment and highlights the need for coordination between test teams in function test.
Expression of Neuropilin-1 in High-grade Dysplasia, Invasive Cancer, and Metastases of the Human Gastrointestinal Tract (2004)

Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) functions as an axonal guidance molecule in the developing nervous system, and recent work has identified NRP-1 up-regulation in several cancers, including neuroblastomas and breast carcinoma. We examined for the first time NRP-1 expression in a large variety of gastrointestinal carcinomas and precursor lesions to determine whether NRP-1 up-regulation correlated with invasive growth in this system. Protein expression and localization of NRP-1 were studied by immunolabeling and semiquantification in >300 dysplastic, invasive, and metastatic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, and confirmation of NRP-1 protein expression was performed by Western blot analysis on pancreatic cancer cell lines. NRP-1 expression was limited within normal tissues of the gastrointestinal tract, with prominent labeling present only in endothelial cells, pancreatic islet cells, and the most apical colonic epithelium. Invasive cancer of the esophagus, gallbladder, ampulla of Vater, pancreas (endocrine and exocrine), and colon, however, all demonstrated striking NRP-1 expression. NRP-1 was also identified in precursor lesions of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas, such as Barrett esophagus and colorectal adenomas. Within the spectrum of precursor lesions, a progressive increase in both intensity and area of expression was evident during histologic progression from low-grade to high-grade dysplasia. Notably, the most intense up-regulation of NRP-1 was apparent at or around the point of invasion, with focal expression of NRP-1 at levels equivalent to the invasive cancer (2- to 3-fold increase). Prominent labeling for NRP-1 was apparent in primary invasive cancers, liver metastases, and a subset of lymph node metastases, with a 2- to 3-fold increase of NRP-1 over dysplastic lesions. We conclude that increased expression of NRP-1 occurs in gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and in a subset of high-grade precursor lesions. This up-regulation appears to parallel invasive behavior and may therefore be used as a potential marker for cancer aggressiveness in this system.
A Fotografia como Discurso: alteridade, etnografia e comunicação (2010)

O presente trabalho versa sobre a importância do uso da fotografia em trabalhos etnográficos, enaltecendo a proposta de Achutti (1997; 2004) no que se refere ao uso da fotografia como instrumento narrativo sobre um estudo concreto: a producação agrícola da Ilha dos Marinheiros (município de Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil)