gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Statistical signal mapping: a general tool for speech signal processing (2003)

Various forms of speech processing in practice take, or can be transformed to, the same form of input/output, and the relation of input/output generally can be expressed by a nonlinear function. This paper proposes a framework for identifying statistically the non-linear function concerning the statistical nature of speech. It demonstrates the applicability of this framework in a particular context, that of speech recovery.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Defective expression of cellular retinol binding protein type 1 and retinoic acid receptors α2, β2, and ǵ2 in human breast cancer cells (1996)

Because the retinoic acid (RA) signaling pathway regulates cell proliferation and differentiation, inactivation of genes integral to the pathway represents a potential mechanism of carcinogenesis. We have studied in human breast cancer cells (T47D, MCF-7, ZR75-1, MDA-MB-231, and BT20) the expression of a subset of retinoid signaling genes that are themselves transcriptionally up-regulated by RA, the cellular retinol binding protein type I (CRBPI) and the RA receptors (RARs) alpha2, beta2, and gamma2. We find that constitutive expression of these genes is low or undetectable, and that expression levels are seldom responsive to 24 h treatment with 1 microM all-trans or 9-cis RA (Northern blot analysis). This is in contrast to breast fibroblasts, which show RA-dependent expression of all four genes under the same conditions. Moreover, normal human breast epithelial cells express CRBPI and RARbeta2 at the mRNA level, suggesting that loss of expression of these genes is tied to malignant transformation. RARbeta2, but not CRBPI, was also expressed in RA-treated MTSV1-7 cells, an immortalized but nontumorigenic luminal epithelial cell line. Lack of CRBPI and RARbeta2 expression in cancer cells was not due to general impairment of RA signaling, as shown by RA activation of a RARE3-tk-CAT reporter in a subclone of MDA-MB-231 cells that did not express either CRBPI or RARbeta2. These results suggest that at least two independent defects in the expression of proteins that function in retinoid signaling may be involved in breast carcinogenesis.
PipeRench (1999)

Future computing workloads will emphasize an architecture's ability to perform relatively simple calculations on massive quantities of mixed-width data. This paper describes a novel reconfigurable fabric architecture, PipeRench, optimized to accelerate these types of computations. PipeRench enables fast, robust compilers, supports forward compatibility, and virtualizes configurations, thus removing the fixed size constraint present in other fabrics. For the first time we explore how the bit-width of processing elements affects performance and show how the PipeRench architecture has been optimized to balance the needs of the compiler against the realities of silicon. Finally, we demonstrate extreme performance speedup on certain computing kernels (up to 190x versus a modern RISC processor), and analyze how this acceleration translates to application speedup.
Migraine pathophysiology: Anatomy of the trigeminovascular pathway and associated neurological symptoms, cortical spreading depression, sensitization, and modulation of pain (2013)

Scientific evidence support the notion that migraine pathophysiology involves inherited alteration of brain excitability, intracranial arterial dilatation, recurrent activation and sensitization of the trigeminovascular pathway, and consequential structural and functional changes in genetically susceptible individuals. Evidence of altered brain excitability emerged from clinical and preclinical investigation of sensory auras, ictal and interictal hypersensitivity to visual, auditory and olfactory stimulation, and reduced activation of descending inhibitory pain pathways. Data supporting the activation and sensitization of the trigeminovascular system include the progressive development of cephalic and whole-body cutaneous allodynia during a migraine attack. Also, structural and functional alterations include the presence of subcortical white mater lesions, thickening of cortical areas involved in processing sensory information, and cortical neuroplastic changes induced by cortical spreading depression. Here, we review recent anatomical data on the trigeminovascular pathway and its activation by cortical spreading depression, a novel understanding of the neural substrate of migraine-type photophobia, and modulation of the trigeminovascular pathway by the brainstem, hypothalamus and cortex.
Imidazole dipeptide content of dietary sources commonly consumed within the British diet (2011)

Interest in the imidazole dipeptides (ImD) has increased in response to data showing elevated levels following b-alanine supplementation have improved athletic performance (1) and have anti-senescent effects (2) . The diet can provide a variety of sources of ImD, predominately anserine and carnosine. Previous analyses of ImD sources have primarily measured the ImD content of meat from aquatic mammals and game foods (3,4) , which are not commonly consumed within the British diet (5) . Therefore, calculation of ImD content provided by the British diet requires the measurement of reference values for the most commonly consumed foods within the diet.
Context-based texture analysis for secure revocable iris-biometric key generation (2009)

In this work we present an iris-biometric cryptosystem. Based on the idea of exploiting the most reliable components of iriscodes, cryptographic keys are extracted, long enough to be applied in common cryptosystems. The main benefit of our system is that cryptographic keys are directly derived from biometric data, thus, neither plain biometric data nor encrypted biometric data has to be stored in templates. Yet, we provide fully revocable cryptographic keys. Experimental results emphasize the worthiness of our approach. (6 pages)
Synthesis of 5,7-dihydroxyflavanone (2006)

An approach to the synthesis of 5,7-dihydroxyflavanone in media under Pd-C catalyst was described.The effects of reaction time,reaction temperature and amount of catalyst on the reaction were discussed.The optimized reaction conditions were:reaction temperature 53℃,reaction time 2h and catalyst 1.0g.The yield of the reaction was 83.26%.
Cross-View Down/Up-Sampling Method for Multiview Depth Video Coding (2012)

In this letter, we propose a cross-view down/up-sampling (CDU) method for the framework of reduced resolution multiview depth video coding, which exploits cross-view information to assist the up-sampling at the decoder. In the down-sampling procedure of CDU, the odd-even interlaced extraction is employed to preserve more confident information of the original depth video with reduced resolution. In the decoder, the cross-view information is exploited for up-sampling the reconstructed depth video. An iterative interpolation process is proposed to eliminate the effect of compression distortion on this up-sampling. Experimental results demonstrate the gains of up to 3.88 dB for the proposed algorithm and better quality of synthesized views.
Changing business culture: theory and practice in typical emerging markets (2011)

Subject area Organizational behavior, human resources, culture, international business, international entrepreneurship and emerging market studies. Study level/applicability MBA and MSc students (and some advanced-level undergraduates) in an MBA module being taught face-to-face in an emerging market context. MBA courses such as managing cultural diversity, cross-cultural management, organizational behavior, human resource management, international business and business in emerging markets. The exercise is also relevant to teaching the subject of assignment- and dissertation-writing, given the element of data collection and analysis. Case overview This exercise is designed to be an MBA class exercise in which students try to answer the question: what are the national cultural characteristics of the typical executive or manager in my country? Are these behaviors as the textbooks describe, or have they changed, especially with economic development? The example of country chosen for the class exercise can be any emerging market country, especially one undergoing significant change. Much of the research on cross-cultural management conducted in emerging markets was carried out 20 or 30 years ago and the changes in emerging markets have been dramatic since then. It is highly likely, when reaching the results of this exercise, that the culture of the chosen country has indeed changed dramatically, becoming more like a typical developed or “emerged” country. Much of the original cross-cultural management research was also based on a similar group – employees of US-based high technology companies, arguably similar to the sample to be involved in our exercise here. Expected learning outcomes National cultural characteristics can be described and defined in ways which will allow for comparisons, to gain useful insights – and these behaviors are not good or bad, just real and different. Cultures can change or stay the same, due to certain demographic, economic and social influences, which we can study and measure. If we proactively interview colleagues and other contacts to test our understanding of these national culture constructs, we can gain more insights and awareness (rather than just listening to a lecture). Supplementary materials Teaching notes, student assignment.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMICAL CONSEQUENCES OF SINGLE‐ELECTRON OXIDATION OF PHENYLMESITYLDIAZOETHANE (1985)

Abstract Sowohl die Thermolyse wie die Photolyse der [aus dem (Ia)‐Hydrazon (Ib) erhältlichen] Titelverbindung (II) führen ausschließlich zu Produkten, die durch Wanderung der Mesitylgruppe [‐ (III)] und durch Wasserstoff‐Wanderung (unter vorausgehendem oder gleichzeitigem Verlust von N 2 ) gebildet werden [‐4 56 (IV)/(V)].
EÆcient Evaluation of Regular Path Expressions on Streaming XML Data (2015)

The adoption of XML promises to accelerate construction of systems that integrate dis-tributed, heterogeneous data. Query languages for XML are typically based on regular path expressions that traverse the logical XML graph structure; the eÆcient evaluation of such path expressions is central to good query processing performance. Most existing XML query process-ing systems convert XML documents to an internal representation, generally a set of tables or objects; path expressions are evaluated using either index structures or join operations across the tables or objects. Unfortunately, the required index creation or join operations are often costly even with locally stored data, and they are especially expensive in the data integration domain, where the system reads data streamed from remote sources across a network, and seldom reuses results for subsequent queries. This paper presents the x-scan operator which eÆciently processes non-materialized XML data as it is being received by the data integration system. X-scan matches regular path expres-sion patterns from the query, returning results in pipelined fashion as the data streams across the network. We experimentally demonstrate the benets of the x-scan operator versus the approaches used in current systems, and we analyze the algorithm&apos;s performance and scalability across a range of XML document types and queries. 1
Studies on apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (2001)

Objective To study the damage indu ced by hydrogen peroxide on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and possib le mechanism. Methods Cultured vascular endothelial cells (VECs) were treated with H_2O_2 of various concentrations. Light microscopy, agarose gel e lectrophoresis of DNA and flow cytometer were employed to detect and observe cel l injury and expression of Fas and bcl-2 protein. Results H_2O_2 was able to induce apoptosis in HUVEC s with the rate of apoptosis being 8.38±2.19, 14.60±2.75, 20.63±3.89 in H_2O _2 groups with different concentrations of 100,300,500mmol/L respectively, s ignificantly higher than in the control group (2.38±0.96,P0.01).Fas pr otein expression was 17.03±5.59, 20.38±7.02, 27.60±4.55 respective ly in the H_2O_2 groups, significantly higher than in the control group (7.98±1.38, P0.05 or P0.01). bcl-2 protein expression was 19.35±3.36, 18.75±3.3 3, 13.05±2.93 respectively in the H_2O_2 groups, significantly lower than in the control group (24.90±2.95,P0.05 or P0.01). Conclusion H_2O_2 could result in apoptosis of vascul ar endothelial cells by up-regulation of Fas expression and down-regulation of bcl-2 protein.
Imaging with spherically bent crystals or reflectors (2010)

This paper consists of two parts: part I describes the working principle of a recently developed x-ray imaging crystal spectrometer, where the astigmatism of spherically bent crystals is being used with advantage to record spatially resolved spectra of highly charged ions for Doppler measurements of the ion-temperature and toroidal plasma-rotation-velocity profiles in tokamak plasmas. This type of spectrometer was thoroughly tested on NSTX and Alcator C-Mod, and its concept was recently adopted for the design of the ITER crystal spectrometers. Part II describes imaging schemes, where the astigmatism has been eliminated by the use of matched pairs of spherically bent crystals or reflectors. These imaging schemes are applicable over a wide range of the electromagnetic radiation, which includes microwaves, visible light, EUV radiation and x-rays. Potential applications with EUV radiation and x-rays are the diagnosis of laser-produced plasmas, imaging of biological samples with synchrotron radiation and lithography.
Fabrication of high Ge content SiGe layer on Si by Ge condensation technique (2006)

It is known that Ge condensation is achieved by thermal oxidation of the SiGe layer whereby Si oxidizes faster as compared to Ge, and the Ge atoms are rejected from the oxide into the SiGe layer below. As the Ge diffusion and accumulation varies with gas flow and temperature, detailed investigations are carried out and process conditions are optimized in this work. The accumulation and diffusion mechanism is found to be dependent on the thermal environment. Further to that, SiGe layers with high Ge content with proper interface is also achieved for the first time and presented in this article. SiGe on bulk Si with 30% and above 50% Ge content are fabricated using this technique for the first time
Automobile/Tractor-Trailer Side Underride Crash Tests (2011)

This article reports on a series of four car-into-stationary-semi-tractor-trailer crash tests, conducted to aid in the reconstructions of these collision scenarios. Although fortunately not a frequent occurrence, one of the worst accident scenarios occurs when light-duty vehicles, such as automobiles, impact the side or rear of a semitrailer. The underriding auto tends to engage the side of the trailer at the car's windshield level, resulting in extensive penetration of the passenger compartment and serious or fatal head trauma for the vehicle's occupants. In this series, in Tests 1 and 3, automobiles underrode the side of the semi-trailer. In Test 2, an automobile impacted the side of the trailer's tandem wheels. In Test 4, an automobile impacted the rear of the trailer, which had its tandem wheels set in the rearmost position. Striking vehicles were towed up to desirable test speed and the tow cables released just prior to impact. Results from Tests #2 and #4 were covered in the January/February 2011 issue of the publication; this article focuses on Tests #1 and #3. These tests used the Trego methodology which requires the use of a Damage Index Matrix (DIM) which compartmentalizes the roof panel, glass and pillars into cells. The results obtained from the use of this equation can be combined with precrash energy loss (skidding) and post crash kinetic energy (from exit speed) to determine approach speed of underriding vehicle. Vehicles involved include a 1983 Buick LeSabre and a 1985 Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme. The authors conclude that their study corroborates the Trego method for reasonably estimating the minimum impact speed of a vehicle underriding the side and rear of a trailer where portions of the vehicle's roof have been damaged.
Crystal‐size distribution and its interaction with crystallizer design (1973)

Abstract Recent progress in understanding crystallization processes is reviewed, especially with regard to the problem of crystal‐size distribution (CSD) and its many interactions with the design, analysis, and operation of crystalizers. This subject is considered from both the researcher's and practitioner's points of view, and special attention is given to the impact of recent theories on crystallizer design and operation. A generalized theory for the analysis and prediction of CSD, based on population balance mechanics, has been developed and tested over the past decade. Predictive design of CSD is now a possibility with the design techniques presented here and using suitable bench‐scale data. Published evaluations of the reliability of design methods utilized in commercial practice would be a valuable asset to the science of crystallization.
Neuronal-Visceral GM <sub>1</sub> Gangliosidosis in a Dog with β-Galactosidase Deficiency (1976)

A 9-month-old dog with a history of progressive motor dysfunction was shown to have a deficiency in brain beta-galactosidase activity. The canine disease, like that of children with GM1 gangliosidosis, is characterized by accumulation of GM1 ganglioside in the brain, liver, and spleen, and membranous cytoplasmic bodies in neurons. The dog's pedigree suggests an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance.
360° Innovations for Panoramic Video Streaming (2017)

360-degree videos are becoming increasingly popular on commercial platforms. In this position paper, we propose a holistic research agenda aiming at improving the performance, resource utilization efficiency, and users' quality of experience (QoE) for 360° video streaming on commodity mobile devices. Based on a Field-of-View (FoV) guided approach that fetches only portions of a scene that users will see, our proposed research includes the following: robust video rate adaptation with incremental chunk upgrading, big-data-assisted head movement prediction and rate adaptation, novel support for multipath streaming, and enhancements to live 360° video broadcast. We also show preliminary results demonstrating promising performance of our proof-of-concept 360° video streaming system on which our proposed research are being prototyped, integrated, and evaluated.
Experience with gabapentin for neuropathic pain in the head and neck: Report of ten cases (1997)

The results suggest that gabapentin may be effective in the management of some cases of neuropathic pain in the head and neck. However, controlled, double-blind longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate this possibility.
Lentiviral Engineered Fibroblasts Expressing Codon-Optimized COL7A1 Restore Anchoring Fibrils in RDEB (2015)

Cells therapies, engineered to secrete replacement proteins, are being developed to ameliorate otherwise debilitating diseases. Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is caused by defects of type VII collagen, a protein essential for anchoring fibril formation at the dermal-epidermal junction. Whereas allogeneic fibroblasts injected directly into the dermis can mediate transient disease modulation, autologous gene-modified fibroblasts should evade immunological rejection and support sustained delivery of type VII collagen at the dermal-epidermal junction. We demonstrate the feasibility of such an approach using a therapeutic grade, self-inactivating-lentiviral vector, encoding codon-optimized COL7A1, to transduce RDEB fibroblasts under conditions suitable for clinical application. Expression and secretion of type VII collagen was confirmed with transduced cells exhibiting supranormal levels of protein expression, and ex vivo migration of fibroblasts was restored in functional assays. Gene-modified RDEB fibroblasts also deposited type VII collagen at the dermal-epidermal junction of human RDEB skin xenografts placed on NOD-scid IL2Rgamma(null) recipients, with reconstruction of human epidermal structure and regeneration of anchoring fibrils at the dermal-epidermal junction. Fibroblast-mediated restoration of protein and structural defects in this RDEB model strongly supports proposed therapeutic applications in man.
Comprehensive analysis of normal adjacent to tumor transcriptomes (2017)

Histologically normal tissue adjacent to the tumor (NAT) is commonly used as a control in cancer studies. However, little is known about the transcriptomic profile of NAT, how it is influenced by the tumor, and how the profile compares with non-tumor-bearing tissues. Here, we integrate data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression project and The Cancer Genome Atlas to comprehensively analyze the transcriptomes of healthy, NAT, and tumor tissues in 6506 samples across eight tissues and corresponding tumor types. Our analysis shows that NAT presents a unique intermediate state between healthy and tumor. Differential gene expression and protein-protein interaction analyses reveal altered pathways shared among NATs across tissue types. We characterize a set of 18 genes that are specifically activated in NATs. By applying pathway and tissue composition analyses, we suggest a pan-cancer mechanism of pro-inflammatory signals from the tumor stimulates an inflammatory response in the adjacent endothelium.
Aircraft Flight Control Actuation System Design (1993)

This book describes the earliest flight control actuation systems and their progression from aerodynamic tab-controlled surfaces to mechanical-input-controlled hydraulic actuators to electrical-input-controlled fly-by-wire actuation systems (both hydraulic and electromechanical). The book also covers: Alternate Command Systems; Electrically Powered (Power-By-Wire) Actuation Systems; Flight Control System Design Requirements; Applicable Specifications and Advisory Documents; Power Control Unit and Power-Drive Unit Design Guidelines; Dynamic Performance and Response; PCU Assembly and Installation; and Quality Assurance.
Discourse Analysis and Activist Social Work: Investigating Practice Processes (1998)

Although discourse analysis methods have been used for the critical analysis of activist practice theories, the application of these methods to practice processes has remained a largely unchartered territory. A chief aim of this paper is to demonstrate the possibilities discourse analysis offers for the investigation of activist practice processes. The paper introduces a discourse model which combines poststructural discourse principles and conversation analysis methods. The model is then applied to the study of the effects of activist perspectives for service users and workers within a context of activist practice in which one of the authors has been involved as a social worker. This analysis reveals the local interactions amongst workers and service users to be considerably more complex than has been allowed within activist practice discourses.