gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diffusion in Surfactant Systems Studied by Forced Rayleigh Scattering (1997)

The technique of forced Rayleigh scattering (FRS) was used to obtain information on the microstructure of two surfactant systems: i.e. bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT)/octanol/water and tetradecyldimethylammonium oxide (TDMAO)/tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTMAB)/hexanol/water. Diffusion coefficients of the dye molecules congo red and methyl red, and of surfactant aggregates labeled with these dye probes, have been determined. In the L2 (microemulsion) phase of AOT/octanol/water stained with congo red, diffusion coefficients have been found to decrease with increasing water content. In contrast, at the transition from the L2 to the cubic phase, a continuous increase was observed. Although submicroscopically bicontinuous structures may exist in the microemulsion, the interconnectivity of the rodlike aggregates is not sufficient to enable free diffusion of the water soluble dye over the distance range investigated by FRS. Thus the determined diffusion coefficients reflect the motion of dynamic structural units. The situation is different in the cubic phase: here the long range order makes it possible for the dye molecules to diffuse in the water channels. Compared to unhindered motion in aqueous solution, the diffusion coefficient is reduced to about 20% by steric obstruction effects. The continuous increase of the diffusion coefficient at the phase transition reflects the close structural relationship between the two phases near the phase boundary, whilst there is a remarkable difference in the L2 phase further away. For the system TDMAO/TTMAB/hexanol/water the transition from the micellar L1 to the vesicular Lα phase with increasing alcohol content has been investigated. The lipophilic dye methyl red is anchored in the surfactant layers, as is verified by polarization microscopy. In the L1 phase there is a transition from spherical to rodlike micelles. Self-diffusion coefficients of these spheres and rods have been measured, and the results have been compared to theoretical values, calculated by the model of Edwards and Doi for concentrated solutions of rodlike molecules. In the Lα phase the vesicles are densely packed, so that the diffusion coefficients originate from the motion of the dye probe within the surfactant bilayers and from an exchange between different bilayers. In complementary experiments, the mobility of the vesicles in an electric field has been probed.
Illumination-invariant color object recognition via compressed chromaticity histograms of color-channel-normalized images (2002)

Several color object recognition methods that are based on image retrieval algorithms attempt to discount changes of illumination in order to increase performance when test image illumination conditions differ from those that obtained when the image database was created. Here we extend the seminal method of Swain and Ballard to discount changing illumination. The new method is based on the first stage of the simplest color indexing method, which uses angular invariants between color image and edge image channels. That method first normalizes image channels, and then effectively discards much of the remaining information. Here we adopt the color-normalization stage as an adequate color constancy step. Further, we replace 3D color histograms by 2D chromaticity histograms. Treating these as images, we implement the method in a compressed histogram-image domain using a combination of wavelet compression and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) to fully exploit the technique of low-pass filtering for efficiency. Results are very encouraging, with substantially better performance than other methods tested. The method is also fast, in that the indexing process is entirely carried out in the compressed domain and uses a feature vector of only 36 or 72 values.
Towards fully-computerized database maintenance for non-traditional appliances (1987)

Database management systems are widely used in business data processing to automate many low-level tasks. However, they are not powerful enough to be used as database managers for advanced applications such as tactical weapons systems, industrial manufacturing systems, and integrated corporate information systems. This paper addresses the issues related to developing database systems capable of providing full data management support for advanced application areas. Specifically, the paper will list the requirements of an advanced database manager and present our effort in designing a database management system for computer integrated manufacturing.
Optical absorption by a small sphere above a substrate with inclusion of nonlocal effects (1992)

A method for the calculation of the optical absorption by a small sphere, which has a nonlocal dielectric function and is located above a substrate, is developed. Numerical calculations of absorption spectra are performed for a metallic and a dielectric sphere above a dielectric or metallic substrate. From comparisons with the corresponding spectra of free spheres, it is found that the presence of the substrate causes a redshift of the main absorption resonance and the appearance of subsidiary absorption peaks.
Charge‐Transporting Polymers based on Phenylbenzoimidazole Moieties (2010)

Abstract A series of novel styrene functionalized monomers with phenylbenzo[ d ]imidazole units and the corresponding homopolymers are prepared. These side‐chain polymers show high glass‐transition temperatures that even exceed the corresponding value for the common electron‐transporting material 1,3,5‐tris(1‐phenyl‐1 H ‐benzo[ d ]imidazol‐2‐yl)benzene (TPBI). Similar electronic behavior between the polymers and TPBI is shown. The polymers are used as matrices for phosphorescent dopants. The fabricated devices exhibit current efficiencies up to 38.5 cd A −1 at 100 cd m −2 and maximum luminances of 7400 cd m −2 at 10 V with a minimum turn‐on voltage as low as 2.70 V in single‐layer devices with an ITO/PEDOT:PSS anode (ITO = indium tin oxide, PEDOT:PSS = poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrenesulfonate)) and a CsF/Ca/Ag cathode.
Biologically Inspired Electrically Small Antenna Arrays With Enhanced Directional Sensitivity (2011)

Many insects possess acute directional hearing capabilities and are able to localize sound sources of interest with an astonishing degree of precision. An analogy can be drawn between the auditory systems of such insects and electrically small antenna arrays that demonstrate enhanced sensitivity to the direction of arrival of an electromagnetic wave, compared to regular arrays occupying the same aperture. Inspired by this, we discuss the design of biologically inspired electrically small antenna arrays that mimic the hearing mechanism of such insects. A method for designing such antenna arrays is presented, and the tradeoffs involved in achieving this enhanced sensitivity are discussed. Simulation and measurement results of two fabricated prototypes are also presented and discussed in this letter.
Characterization of two-dimensional hole gas at GaN/AlGaN heterointerface (2013)

Electrical properties of two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) at GaN/Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.23</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.77</sub> N heterointerface have been investigated. Existence of 2DHG at the interface is confirmed by capacitance-voltage and Hall Effect measurement. We have discussed transport mechanism of 2DHG by comparison with hole generated by conventional Mg impurity, based on experimental evaluations by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, atomic force microscope, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and temperature dependence Hall Effect measurements.
The heat shock protein Gp96 links innate and specific immunity (2002)

Among other heat shock proteins (HSPs), the ER-resident chaperone Gp96 has been described as a potent tumour vaccine in animal models. A growing list of data underlines that Gp96 triggers both arms of pathogen defence-innate and specific immunity-in a synergistic and most efficient way: It enables specific immune responses by transferring immunogenic peptides that have been acquired in the ER to the MHC class I pathway of antigen presenting cells (APCs). For this, two important features of Gp96 are required. First, its ability to bind immunogenic peptides. Secondly, its acquisition by specialized antigen presenting cells capable of inducing cellular immune responses. Due to specific receptors on the surface of APCs, this uptake from the extracellular space occurs very efficiently and rapidly. Serving the innate branch of immunity, Gp96 unspecifically activates APCs, which then provide a pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu and co-stimulation to cytotoxic T cells. Thus, Gp96 uses all resources of the immune system to trigger cytotoxic T cell responses against associated peptides.
Studies on the Compounds related to Azulene. I. Synthesis and Antiallergic Activity of Guaiazulenylglyoxylamides, Guaiazulenylglyoxylic Acid Esters and Acylaminoguaiazulenes (1978)

A new series of guaiazulenylglyoxylamides, guaiazulenylglyoxylic acid esters, guaiazulenylglyoxylpiperazines, and acylaminoguaiazulenes was prepared, and their antiallergic activity was evaluated by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) test in the rat. Guaiazulenylglyoxalyl chloride derived from guaiazulene using oxalyl chloride was converted into glyoxylamides (1), glyoxylic acid esters (2), and glyoxylpiperazines (3) with appropriate amine, alcohol, or piperazine, respectively. Acylaminoguaiazulenes (5) were prepared from 3-aminoguaiazulene with the corresponding acid anhydride or acid chloride. Many of guaiazulenylglyoxylpiperazines (3), particularly some of them (3a, 3b, 3c, 3f and 3g) showed a high antiallergic activity by oral administration, but none of the other types of compound showed a significant activity.
Elucidation of Gene Interaction Networks Through Time-Lagged Correlation Analysis of Transcriptional Data (2004)

The photosynthetic cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 uses a complex genetic program to control its physiological response to alternating light conditions. To study this regulatory program time-series experiments were conducted by exposing Synechocystis sp. to serial perturbations in light intensity. In each experiment whole-genome DNA microarrays were used to monitor gene transcription in 20-min intervals over 8- and 16-h periods. The data was analyzed using time-lagged correlation analysis, which identifies genetic interaction networks by constructing correlations between time-shifted transcription profiles with different levels of statistical confidence. These networks allow inference of putative cause-effect relationships among the organism's genes. Using light intensity as our initial input signal, we identified six groups of genes whose time-lagged profiles possessed significant correlation, or anti-correlation, with the light intensity. We expanded this network by using the average profile from each group of genes as a seed, and searching for other genes whose time-lagged profiles possessed significant correlation, or anti-correlation, with the group's average profile. The final network comprised 50 different groups containing 259 genes. Several of these gene groups possess known light-stimulated gene clusters, such as Synechocystis sp. photosystems I and II and carbon dioxide fixation pathways, while others represent novel findings in this work.
Gadd45a Interacts with Aurora-A and Inhibits Its Kinase Activity (2006)

Centrosome stability is required for successful mitosis in mammalian cells. Amplification of the centrosome leads to chromosomal missegregation and generation of aneuploidy, which are closely associated with cell transformation and tumorigenesis (Doxsey, S. J. (2001) Nat. Cell Biol. 3, E105-E108; Hinchcliffe, E. H., and Sluder, G. (2001) Genes Dev. 15, 1167-1181; Pihan, G. A., Purohit, A., Wallace, J., Malhotra, R., Liotta, L., and Doxsey, S. J. (2001) Cancer Res. 61, 2212-2219). However, there are currently limited insights into mechanism(s) for this critical biological event. Here we show that Gadd45a, a DNA damage-inducible protein that is regulated by tumor suppressors p53 and BRCA1, participates in the maintenance of centrosome stability. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts derived from gadd45a knock-out mice exhibit centrosome amplification (designated as increased centrosome numbers). Introduction of exogenous Gadd45a into mouse embryonic fibroblasts isolated from gadd45a-null mice substantially restored the normal centrosome profile. In contrast to p21(waf1/cip1), which ensures coordinated initiation of centrosome, Gadd45a had no significant effect on centrosome duplication in S phase. Interestingly Gadd45a was found to physically associate with Aurora-A protein kinase, whose deregulated expression results in centrosome abnormality. Furthermore Gadd45a was demonstrated to strongly inhibit Aurora-A kinase activity and to antagonize Aurora-A-induced centrosome amplification. These findings identify a novel mechanism for Gadd45a in the maintenance of centrosome stability and broaden understandings of p53- and BRCA1-regulated signaling pathways in maintaining genomic fidelity.
Laboratory Thin-Film Encapsulation of Air-Sensitive Organic Semiconductor Devices (2009)

We present an approach, which is compatible with both glass and polymer substrates, to in-laboratory handling and intra-laboratory shipping of air-sensitive organic semiconductors. Encapsulation approaches are presented using polymer/ceramic and polymer/metal thin-film barriers using commercially available materials and generally available laboratory equipment. A technique for depositing an opaque vapor barrier, a transparent vapor barrier, and an approach to storing and shipping air-sensitive thin-film organic semiconductor devices on both polymer and glass substrates are presented. Barrier performance in air was tested using organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) as test devices. The half-life performance of OLEDs on plastic substrates in air exceeded 700 h, and that on glass exceeded 500 h. Commercially available heat-seal barrier bag systems for device shipping and storage in air were tested using a thin film of metallic calcium to test water permeation. More than four months of storage of a metallic calcium film in a heat-sealed foil bag was demonstrated in the best storage system. These approaches allow for the encapsulation of samples for longer duration testing and transportation than otherwise possible.
Deep Learning of Convolutional Auto-Encoder for Image Matching and 3D Object Reconstruction in the Infrared Range (2017)

Performing image matching in thermal images is challenging due to an absence of distinctive features and presence of thermal reflections. Still, in many applications, infrared imagery is an attractive solution for 3D object reconstruction that is robust against low light conditions. We present an image patch matching method based on deep learning. For image matching in the infrared range, we use codes generated by a convolutional auto-encoder. We evaluate the method in a full 3D object reconstruction pipeline that uses infrared imagery as an input. Image matches found using the proposed method are used for estimation of the camera pose. Dense 3D object reconstruction is performed using semi-global block matching. We evaluate on a dataset with real and synthetic images to show that our method outperforms existing image matching methods on the infrared imagery. We also evaluate the geometry of generated 3D models to demonstrate the increased reconstruction accuracy.
Economic statistical np‐control chart designs based on fuzzyoptimization (1995)

Considers the problem of determining economic statistical np ‐control chart designs under the fuzzy environment of closely satisfying type I and II errors. Goes on to model the problem as fuzzy mathematical programming, and uses a heuristic method to obtaining the solution.
Feasibility of Using Li<sub>2</sub>MoO<sub>3</sub> in Constructing Li-Rich High Energy Density Cathode Materials (2014)

Layer-structured xLi2MnO3·(1 – x)LiMO2 are promising cathode materials for high energy-density Li-ion batteries because they deliver high capacities due to the stabilizing effect of Li2MnO3. However, the inherent disadvantages of Li2MnO3 make these materials suffer from drawbacks such as fast energy-density decay, poor rate performance and safety hazard. In this paper, we propose to replace Li2MnO3 with Li2MoO3 for constructing novel Li-rich cathode materials and evaluate its feasibility. Comprehensive studies by X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and spherical-aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy clarify its lithium extraction/insertion mechanism and shows that the Mo4+/Mo6+ redox couple in Li2MoO3 can accomplish the task of charge compensation upon Li removal. Other properties of Li2MoO3 such as the nearly reversible Mo-ion migration to/from the Li vacancies, absence of oxygen evolution, and reversible phase transition during initial (de)lithiation indicate that Li2MoO3 meets the requirements to an ideal replacement of Li2MnO3 in constructing Li2MoO3-based Li-rich cathode materials with superior performances.
Gadolinium‐based contrast agents for magnetic resonance cancer <b>imaging</b> (2012)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a clinical imaging modality effective for anatomical and functional imaging of diseased soft tissues, including solid tumors. MRI contrast agents (CA) have been routinely used for detecting tumor at an early stage. Gadolinium-based CA are the most commonly used CA in clinical MRI. There have been significant efforts to design and develop novel Gd(III) CA with high relaxivity, low toxicity, and specific tumor binding. The relaxivity of the Gd(III) CA can be increased by proper chemical modification. The toxicity of Gd(III) CA can be reduced by increasing the agents' thermodynamic and kinetic stability, as well as optimizing their pharmacokinetic properties. The increasing knowledge in the field of cancer genomics and biology provides an opportunity for designing tumor-specific CA. Various new Gd(III) chelates have been designed and evaluated in animal models for more effective cancer MRI. This review outlines the design and development, physicochemical properties, and in vivo properties of several classes of Gd(III)-based MR CA tumor imaging.
An LS Based New Gradient Type Adaptive Algorithm--Least Squares Gradient-- (1994)

The proposed algorithm updates filter coefficients using the time averaged gradient vectors and it ensures the good performance under noisy conditions and under finite precision implementation. It is shown that we can update the filter coefficients as many as the algorithm requires to converge even if only short data are available so that the proposed algorithm can converge faster than other gradient type algorithms, i.e. the LMS algorithm. Moreover, LMS algorithm can be regarded as a special case of the proposed algorithm and the tracking ability of the algorithm is shown. >
Experimental compounds to lower intraocular pressure (1989)

A need exists for new ocular hypotensive agents that are more efficacious and that have fewer side effects than those now clinically used. Laser-induced glaucoma in monkeys is an excellent model to test potential new drugs that lower intraocular pressure (IOP). A variety of agents that act through secondary messenger systems or via enzymes to lower IOP are being investigated in primates. Several alpha-adrenergic agonists and antagonists are effective ocular hypotensive agents in monkeys and humans. Para-aminoclonidine, an alpha2 agonist, inhibits the transient post-laser rise of IOP in humans. Prostaglandin F2 alpha-1-isopropyl ester significantly reduces IOP when tested in multiple dose fashion in glaucomatous monkey eyes and glaucoma patients. Modified carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, designed to enhance intraocular penetration, reduce IOP in the monkey model and in ocular hypertensive patients in single-dose studies when given topically. Studies show that forskolin and vanadate are less promising agents for glaucoma therapy.
BlueSentinel (2014)

In the last years, the concept of smart buildings has been proposed and proved to be an effective solution to tackle the problem of reducing the power consumption of complex (both residential and commercial) buildings, while providing the users with a very high level of comfort. In this context, knowing the exact position of users inside the buildings has been identified as a needed feature to optimize the behavior of the building itself. Recently, using the occupants mobile devices as sensors has been validated as an effective solution to have accurate occupancy detection systems, even if no energy efficient solution in therm of battery consumption has been found so far. On the contrary, with this work, we present BLUE-SENTINEL, an accurate and power efficient method to identify the occupants of each room of a smart building using mobile devices as source of information. The proposed approach faces the occupancy detection problem with a good accuracy by exploiting iBeacon, a very recent low-power technology proposed by Apple. In particular, since the iBeacon protocol is built upon Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), it represents a very highly power-efficient solution. In addition to this, the iBeacon technology is characterized by a good level of compatibility and portability, supporting both iOS- and Android-based devices. The proposed approach has been validated in a real environment with a prototype system released as open source showing how this technology is suitable for the occupancy detection in a smart building.
Phage-Associated Lysins Affecting Group N and Group D Streptococci (1965)

SUMMARY Phage lysins were prepared from high titre phage lysates of 3 strains of Streptococcus lactis, one of which was purified 500-fold by treatment with cold acetone, chromatography on Amberlite CG50 ion-exchange resin, and fractional precipitation from potassium phosphate buffers. The lysins were activated by monovalent cations and were similar in physical properties. Viable streptococci of groups N and D were lysed, but not those in groups A, B and C. Different strains of group N streptococci were lysed at different rates, the rate of lysis being characteristic for individual phage lysins. A lytic enzyme, prepared from purified phage particles by freezing and thawing or by ultrasonic treatment, showed the same pH optimum and specificity as the corresponding phage lysin. Streptococci were lysed-from-without in the presence of high multiplicities of phage. The type of lysin produced in phage-infected culture was genetically determined by the phage. Lysis of streptococci by phage lysin was inhibited by an unidentified substance present in crude phage lysates. The lysis of different strains of streptococci by particulate phage, phage-tail enzyme and phage lysin occurred at the same relative rates. This is interpreted as evidence for the localization of the phage-lysin substrate within the phage receptor site. Possible reasons for the different specificities of phage lysins from streptococci of groups N and C are discussed.
Stimulated brillouin scattering: an overview of measurements, system impairments, and applications (2004)

Basic concepts of stimulated Brillouin scattering are reviewed together with Brillouin gain spectrum characterization techniques, system impairments, and applications.
Pulse broadening compensation in fibre-optical links (1980)

Modal dispersion can be reduced by splicing together over-and undercompensated fibres. A similar effect is obtained when the modes are inverted in the middle of their paths. A mode convertor made of a ring-shaped graded-index fibre is proposed.