gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new filter that accurately mimics the solar UV‐B spectrum using standard UV lamps: the photochemical properties, stabilization and use of the urate anion liquid filter (2010)

The physiological effects unique to solar ultraviolet (UV)-B exposure (280-315 nm) are difficult to accurately replicate in the laboratory. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the sodium urate anion in a liquid filter that yields a spectrum nearly indistinguishable from the solar UV-B spectrum while filtering the emissions of widely used UV-B lamps. The photochemical properties and stability of this filter are examined and weighed against a typical spectrum of ground-level solar UV-B radiation. To test the effectiveness of this filter, light-saturated photosynthetic oxygen evolution rates were measured following exposure to UV-B filtered either by this urate filter or the widely used cellulose acetate (CA) filter. The ubiquitous marine Chlorophyte alga Dunaliella tertiolecta was tested under identical UV-B flux densities coupled with ecologically realistic fluxes of UV-A and visible radiation for 6 and 12 h exposures. These results indicate that the urate-filtered UV-B radiation yields minor photosynthetic inhibition when compared with exposures lacking in UV-B. This is in agreement with published experiments using solar radiation. In sharp contrast, radiation filtered by CA filters produced large inhibition of photosynthesis.
Antimicrobial Effect of Different Sizes of Nano Zinc Oxide on Oral Microorganisms (2019)

The antimicrobial activity of nZnO increases with decreasing the particle size. The greatest antimicrobial effect was observed against <i>S. mutans</i> and <i>E. faecalis</i>. <i>S. mutans</i> is more sensitive to the changes in the particle size compared to other bacteria.
VisMerge: Light Adaptive Vision Augmentation via Spectral and Temporal Fusion of Non-visible Light (2017)

Low light situations pose a significant challenge to individuals working in a variety of different fields such as firefighting, rescue, maintenance and medicine. Tools like flashlights and infrared (IR) cameras have been used to augment light in the past, but they must often be operated manually, provide a field of view that is decoupled from the operator's own view, and utilize color schemes that can occlude content from the original scene. To help address these issues, we present VisMerge, a framework that combines a thermal imaging head mounted display (HMD) and algorithms that temporally and spectrally merge video streams of different light bands into the same field of view. For temporal synchronization, we first develop a variant of the time warping algorithm used in virtual reality (VR), but redesign it to merge video see-through (VST) cameras with different latencies. Next, using computer vision and image compositing we develop five new algorithms designed to merge non-uniform video streams from a standard RGB camera and small form-factor infrared (IR) camera. We then implement six other existing fusion methods, and conduct a series of comparative experiments, including a system level analysis of the augmented reality (AR) time warping algorithm, a pilot experiment to test perceptual consistency across all eleven merging algorithms, and an in-depth experiment on performance testing the top algorithms in a VR (simulated AR) search task. Results showed that we can reduce temporal registration error due to inter-camera latency by an average of 87.04%, that the wavelet and inverse stipple algorithms were perceptually rated the highest, that noise modulation performed best, and that freedom of user movement is significantly increased with visualizations engaged.
Microstructure Evolution and Device Performance in Solution-Processed Polymeric Field-Effect Transistors: The Key Role of the First Monolayer (2012)

Probing the role of the first monolayer in the evolution of the film polymer microstructure is essential for the fundamental understanding of the charge carrier transport in polymeric field-effect transistors (FETs). The monolayer and its subsequent microstructure of a conjugated polymer [poly(2,5-bis(3-alkylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene), PBTTT] film were fabricated via solution deposition by tuning the dip-coating speed and were then studied as accumulation and transporting layers in FETs. Investigation of the microstructure of the layers prepared at different coating velocities revealed that the monolayer serves as an important base for further development of the film. Significant improvement of the charge carrier transport occurs only at a critical multilayer network density that establishes the required percolation pathways for the charge carriers. Finally, at a low dip-coating speed, the polymer chains are uniaxially oriented, yielding pronounced structural anisotropy and high charge carrier mobilities of 1.3 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) in the alignment direction.
Effect of methanol concentration on passive DMFC performance (2005)

A passive, air-breathing, liquid-feed direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), with no external pumps or other auxiliary devices, was designed, fabricated and tested with different methanol concentrations. It was found that the cell performance was substantially improved with an increase in methanol concentration; a maximum power density of 20 mW/cm2 was achieved with 5.0 M methanol solution. The measurements indicated that the better performance with higher methanol concentrations was mainly attributed to the increase in the cell operating temperature caused by the exothermic reaction between permeated methanol and oxygen on the cathode. This finding was subsequently confirmed by the fact that the cell performance was degraded when the cell running with higher methanol concentrations was cooled to room temperature.
CNN cloning template: connected component detector (1990)

An extremely simple cloning template for a cellular neural network (CNN) is presented that is capable of detecting the number of connected components of a vector in (+1, -1)/sup N/. By exploiting this capability, an architecture for a handwritten character recognition system was obtained. A preliminary test result (100 handwritten numbers, 0-9) shows 94-100% correct recognition rates.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A parametric solution for optimal overlapped block motion compensation (2001)

We find the optimal window for overlapped block motion compensation (OBMC) by statistically modeling the motion field, the field of block motion estimates and their relationship. This enables us to show how the optimal OBMC window is affected by random field parameters, such as the variance of the motion field and the correlation coefficients of both the intensity field and the motion field. The OBMC window obtained in this fashion is shown to have good performance in reducing the prediction error. Furthermore, this parametric solution provides insight into motion uncertainty and the overlapped motion compensation process.
Regional differences in glycoconjugates of intestinal M cells in mice: potential targets for mucosal vaccines (1994)

We have used a panel of lectins and antibodies to describe the composition of complex carbohydrates associated with M cells in various regions of the intestinal tract of adult BALB/c mice. The fucose-specific lectin Ulex europaeus agglutinin type I (UEA I) is a marker of M cells in the small intestine and recognized M cells at an early stage of differentiation. Subpopulations of M cells in a single follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) could be distinguished by different fucose-specific probes. Certain lectins revealed that M cells have basal processes that extend into the underlying lymphoid tissue. Colonic and rectal M cells display glycosylation patterns distinct from M cells of Peyer's patches and are characterized by terminal galactose. UEA I selectively adhered to Peyer's patch M cells in mucosal explants and in ligated intestinal loops in vivo. The lectin was taken up into endocytic vesicles and transported to the intra-epithelial pocket and other domains of the basolateral membrane. Thus M cell-specific glycoconjugates could serve as "receptors" for targeting of lectin-antigen conjugates to the mucosal immune system.
Direct Regulation of Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Oxidation by Anti-Apoptotic MCL-1 (2017)

Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death essential to normal development and tissue homeostasis. BCL-2 family proteins are key regulators of the apoptotic pathway and control the life-death decision rendered by cells in response to stress. Localized mainly at the outer mitochondrial membrane, BCL-2 family proteins engage in a variety of heterodimeric and homooligomeric protein interactions, mediated by their conserved BCL-2 Homology (BH) domains, to determine cell fate. MCL-1 is a member of the BCL-2 family and regulates cell death by exerting potent anti-apoptotic activity. At the mitochondria, MCL-1 neutralizes pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family members, including NOXA, PUMA, BIM, and BAK, such that its pathologic overexpression contributes to the development and chemoresistance of many human cancers. Emerging data underscore that MCL-1 has unique attributes among BCL-2 anti-apoptotic proteins with respect to both amino acid composition and function. For example, unlike its anti-apoptotic homologues, Mcl-1 deletion has profound physiologic consequences, indicative of a broader role in organism homeostasis. Thus, to explore novel mechanistic role(s) of MCL-1, we undertook an exploratory proteomic study to uncover potential targets of the MCL-1 BH3 domain. Here, we report that MCL-1, and specifically its mitochondrial matrix isoform, directly engages very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD), a key enzyme of the mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation pathway. The interaction is mediated by the α-helical MCL-1 BH3 domain, which binds VLCAD at a surface groove adjacent to the enzyme active site. Deletion of endogenous Mcl-1 impairs fatty acid β-oxidation, resulting in selective accumulation of long-chain fatty acylcarnitines, as seen in VLCAD-deficient patients. Our identification of a BH3-mediated interaction between MCL-1 and VLCAD reveals a separable, gain-of-function role for MCL-1 in the regulation of lipid metabolism.
Feedback-mediated reduction in glomerular filtration during acetazolamide infusion in insulin-dependent diabetic patients (1991)

1. A sustained high glomerular filtration rate in diabetes mellitus is associated with increased proximal reabsorption, suggesting alterations in the tubuloglomerular feedback system. To test this hypothesis, renal function was studied in eight control subjects and 14 recent-onset euglycaemic insulin-dependent diabetic patients before and after infusion of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, acetazolamide (5 mg/kg body weight). 2. Acetazolamide induced a dramatic fall in glomerular filtration rate in both diabetic patients and control subjects (from 138 +/- 5 to 114 +/- 4 and from 127 +/- 3 to 113 +/- 2 ml min-1 1.73 m-2, respectively, P less than 0.0001). This fall in glomerular filtration rate was strongly correlated with the acetazolamide-induced decrease in absolute proximal reabsorption calculated by using lithium clearance. 3. To further assess the potential role of angiotensin II in the acetazolamide-induced tubulo-glomerular feedback response, 11 additional diabetic patients were investigated before and after the administration of acetazolamide plus the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, enalaprilat (1.25 mg intravenously). Despite the effective blockade of angiotensin II formation and a slight decrease in renal vascular resistance, the glomerular filtration rate fell significantly and by a similar magnitude as seen with acetazolamide alone. 4. These results indirectly suggest that there is an altered basal tubulo-glomerular feedback system in diabetic patients but a normal response to the increase in distal delivery. No convincing role for an angiotensin II-mediated effect on the afferent limb of the tubuloglomerular feedback response could be demonstrated.
The Race to X-ray Microbeam and Nanobeam Science (2011)

X-ray microbeams are an emerging characterization tool with broad implications for science, ranging from materials structure and dynamics, to geophysics and environmental science, to biophysics and protein crystallography. We describe how submicrometer hard x-ray beams with the ability to penetrate tens to hundreds of micrometers into most materials and with the ability to determine local composition, chemistry, and (crystal) structure can characterize buried sample volumes and small samples in their natural or extreme environments. Beams less than 10 nanometers have already been demonstrated, and the practical limit for hard x-ray beam size, the limit to trace-element sensitivity, and the ultimate limitations associated with near-atomic structure determinations are the subject of ongoing research.
Wireless Power Transfer with Concurrent 200 kHz and 6.78 MHz Operation in a Single Transmitter Device (2015)

This paper proposes a wireless power transfer (WPT) transmitter that can concurrently operate at 200 kHz and 6.78 MHz in order to simultaneously power two receivers operating with different frequency standards. Unlike a dual-resonant single-coil design, the use of two separate coils decouples the design for one frequency from the other, enabling independent selection of inductance and Q-factor to simultaneously maximize efficiency at both frequencies. The two coils then support separate coil drivers, enabling concurrent multistandard operation. Dual-band operation is achieved in the same area as an equivalent single-band design by placing a low-frequency coil within the geometry of a high-frequency coil, where the outer diameter of inner coil is sacrificed only by 1.2 cm in a 12.5 × 8.9-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> design. Circuit analysis is presented to identify the eddy current between the two Tx coils and its associated loss, after which an eddy-current filter design is proposed. To validate the proposed design, a dual-mode transmitter, along with two receivers designed at 6.78 MHz and 200 kHz, respectively, have been fabricated. At 25-mm separation, the system is able to simultaneously deliver 9 and 7.4 W with efficiencies of 78% and 70.6% at 6.78 MHz and 200 kHz, respectively.
Identification and quantitation of vesivirus 2117 particles in bioreactor fluids from infected Chinese hamster ovary cell cultures (2012)

The prevention of adventitious agent contamination is a top priority throughout the entire biopharmaceutical production process. For example, although viral contamination of cell banks or cell cultures is rare, it can result in serious consequences (e.g., shutdown and decontamination of manufacturing facilities). To ensure virus free production, numerous in vivo and in vitro adventitious agent assays and biophysical characterizations such as electron microscopy are conducted on cell banks, raw materials, process materials, and drug substances throughout the manufacturing process. Molecular assays such as PCR and other nucleotide-based techniques are also routinely used for screening and identification of any viral agents. However, modern techniques in protein identification of complex protein mixtures have not yet been effectively integrated throughout the industry into current viral testing strategies. Here, we report the identification and quantitation of Vesivirus 2117 particles in bioreactor fluid from infected Chinese hamster ovary cell cultures by global protein sequencing using mass spectrometry in combination with multi-dimensional liquid-chromatography. Following mass spectrometric data acquisition and rigorous data analysis, six virus specific peptides were identified. These peptides were fragments of two structural proteins, capsid protein pre-cursor (four unique peptides) and small structural protein (two unique peptides), from the same species: Vesivirus 2117. Using stable heavy isotope-labeled peptides as internal standards, we also determined the absolute concentration of Vesivirus particles in the bioreactor fluid and the ratio of two capsid proteins (VP1:VP2) in the particles as approximately 9:1. The positive identification of Vesivirus 2117 was subsequently confirmed by RT-PCR.
Novel method of recovering phenolic substances from aqueous alkaline waste streams (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNovel method of recovering phenolic substances from aqueous alkaline waste streamsV. K. Krishnakumar and ManMohan SharmaCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1984, 23, 2, 410–413Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i200025a039https://doi.org/10.1021/i200025a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views154Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Recent Advances in the Development of Dual Topoisomerase I and II Inhibitors as Anticancer Drugs (2010)

DNA topoisomerases (topos) are essential enzymes that regulate the topological state of DNA during cellular processes such as replication, transcription, recombination, and chromatin remodeling. Topoisomerase I (Topo I) is a ubiquitous nuclear enzyme which catalyzes the relaxation of superhelical DNA generating a transient single strand nick in the duplex, through cycles of cleavage and religation. Topoisomerase II (Topo II) mediates the ATP-dependent induction of coordinated nicks in both strands of the DNA duplex, followed by crossing of another double strand DNA through the transiently broken duplex. Although the biological functions of Topoisomerases are important for ensuing genomic integrity, the ability to interfere with enzymes or generate enzyme-mediated damage is an effective strategy for cancer therapy and, in this connection, DNA topos (I and II) proved to be the excellent targets of clinically significant classes of anticancer drugs. Actually, specific Topo I and Topo II inhibitors reversibly trap the enzyme-DNA complexes, thus converting Topos into physiological poisons, able to produce permanent DNA damage, which triggers cell death. Given that both enzymes are good targets, it would be desirable to jointly inhibit them, but use-limiting toxicity of sequential or simultaneous combinations of topo I and II poisons include severe to life-threatening neutropenia and anemia. Furthermore, the emergence of resistance phenomena to topo I inhibitors is often accompanied by a concomitant rise in the level of topo II expression and viceversa, leading to the failure of clinical therapies. In this regard, a single compound able to inhibit both Topo I and II may present the advantage of improving antitopoisomerase activity, with reduced toxic side effects, with respect to the combination of two inhibitors. Due to the high interest in such compounds, this review represents an update of previous works dealing with the development of dual Topo I and II inhibitors as novel anti-cancer agents. The newly collected derivatives have been described focusing attention on their chemical structures and their biological profiles.
Promotion of glioma C6 cells proliferation by over-expressed RGS16 (2002)

AIM To study the effect of RGS16 on the biological characteristics of glioma C6 cells. METHODS pCMV-5-RGS16 was transfected into C6 cells by lipofectin. The morphological and adhesive changes of the cells were observed under an inverted microscope. Proliferation of C6 cells was measured by ~3H-thymidine (~3H-TdR) assay after gradient transfections of pCMV5-RGS16 and pCMV5. Expression of RGS16 was examined by immunocytochemical method both before and after the transfection. Flow cytometry was adopted to measure changes in the fraction number of the cell cycle phase and to detect whether RGS16 could induce apoptosis of C6 cell. RESULTS 21 hours after the transfection of pCMV5-RGS16 approximately 30% of C6 cell grew round and 13% expressed RGS16, 36 h latter the positive relationship between the proliferation of C6 cells and the gradient transfections of pCMV5-RGS16 was displayed by ~3H-TdR assay. Flow cytometry showed that the fraction number of G1 phase of C6 cells reduced by 10% and that of S phase accumulated by 14% and RGS16 could not induce apoptosis of C6 cells. CONCLUSION RGS16 might promote the proliferation of C6 cells.
Combined adjuvants of poly(I:C) plus <scp>LAG</scp>‐3‐Ig improve antitumor effects of tumor‐specific T cells, preventing their exhaustion (2016)

Therapeutic cancer vaccines are designed to treat cancer by boosting the endogenous immune system to fight against the cancer. In the development of clinically effective cancer vaccines, one of the most practical objectives is to identify adjuvants that are capable of optimizing the vaccine effects. In this study, we explored the potential of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) and LAG-3-Ig (soluble recombinant protein of lymphocyte activation gene-3 [LAG-3] extracellular domain fused with human IgG Fc region) as adjuvants for P1A tumor antigen peptide vaccine in a pre-established P815 mouse tumor model with a transfer of tumor-specific T cells. Whereas the use of poly(I:C) or LAG-3-Ig as a signal adjuvant induced a slight enhancement of P1A vaccine effects compared to incomplete Freund's adjuvant, combined treatment with poly(I:C) plus LAG-3-Ig remarkably potentiated antitumor effects, leading to complete rejection of pre-established tumor and long-term survival of mice. The potent adjuvant effects of poly(I:C) plus LAG-3-Ig were associated with an enhanced infiltration of T cells in the tumor tissues, and an increased proliferation and Th1-type cytokine production of tumor-reactive T cells. Importantly, the combined adjuvant of poly(I:C) plus LAG-3-Ig downregulated expressions of PD-1, LAG-3, and TIGIT on P1A-specific T cells, indicating prevention of T cell exhaustion. Taken together, the results of the current study show that the combined adjuvants of poly(I:C) plus LAG-3-Ig with tumor peptide vaccine induce profound antitumor effects by activating tumor-specific T cells.
The Activation of Natural Killer Cell Effector Functions by Cetuximab-Coated, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–Positive Tumor Cells is Enhanced By Cytokines (2007)

These results show that cetuximab-mediated NK cell activity can be significantly enhanced in the presence of NK cell-stimulatory cytokines. These factors, therefore, may be effective adjuvants to administer, in combination with cetuximab, to patients with HER1-positive malignancies.