gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geometry meets semantics for semi-supervised monocular depth estimation (2018)

Depth estimation from a single image represents a very exciting challenge in computer vision. While other image-based depth sensing techniques leverage on the geometry between different viewpoints (e.g., stereo or structure from motion), the lack of these cues within a single image renders ill-posed the monocular depth estimation task. For inference, state-of-the-art encoder-decoder architectures for monocular depth estimation rely on effective feature representations learned at training time. For unsupervised training of these models, geometry has been effectively exploited by suitable images warping losses computed from views acquired by a stereo rig or a moving camera. In this paper, we make a further step forward showing that learning semantic information from images enables to improve effectively monocular depth estimation as well. In particular, by leveraging on semantically labeled images together with unsupervised signals gained by geometry through an image warping loss, we propose a deep learning approach aimed at joint semantic segmentation and depth estimation. Our overall learning framework is semi-supervised, as we deploy groundtruth data only in the semantic domain. At training time, our network learns a common feature representation for both tasks and a novel cross-task loss function is proposed. The experimental findings show how, jointly tackling depth prediction and semantic segmentation, allows to improve depth estimation accuracy. In particular, on the KITTI dataset our network outperforms state-of-the-art methods for monocular depth estimation.
Selective H/D Exchange at Vinyl and Methylidene Groups with D<sub>2</sub>O Catalyzed by an Iridium Complex (2016)

Selective H/D exchange at vinyl and methylidene groups of alkenes with D2O was promoted by an iridium catalyst generated in situ from a hydroxoiridium complex and N-mesylbenzamide.
Health care reform (1999)

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A digital brightness controlled white LED driver with I 2 C-bus interface (2009)

We presents a white light emitting diodes (WLEDs) driver based on the boost topology, with digital pulse width modulation and pulse skip modulation, as well as an I2C (Inter Integrated Circuit) communication bus interface. The results of the boost converter show that the chip can drive 2–6 WLEDs when the input voltage varies from 2.7–5.5V, with the peak efficiency of 84%. The chip can work not only in digital mode with four different brightness level, but also in I2C control mode, in which the brightness of WLEDs are controlled in 256 levels. This simple WLED driver with flexible control mode meets the requirements of low cost, high efficiency backlight applications
A Novel Phonology- and Radical-Coded Chinese Sign Language Recognition Framework Using Accelerometer and Surface Electromyography Sensors (2015)

Sign language recognition (SLR) is an important communication tool between the deaf and the external world. It is highly necessary to develop a worldwide continuous and large-vocabulary-scale SLR system for practical usage. In this paper, we propose a novel phonology- and radical-coded Chinese SLR framework to demonstrate the feasibility of continuous SLR using accelerometer (ACC) and surface electromyography (sEMG) sensors. The continuous Chinese characters, consisting of coded sign gestures, are first segmented into active segments using EMG signals by means of moving average algorithm. Then, features of each component are extracted from both ACC and sEMG signals of active segments (i.e., palm orientation represented by the mean and variance of ACC signals, hand movement represented by the fixed-point ACC sequence, and hand shape represented by both the mean absolute value (MAV) and autoregressive model coefficients (ARs)). Afterwards, palm orientation is first classified, distinguishing "Palm Downward" sign gestures from "Palm Inward" ones. Only the "Palm Inward" gestures are sent for further hand movement and hand shape recognition by dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm and hidden Markov models (HMM) respectively. Finally, component recognition results are integrated to identify one certain coded gesture. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed SLR framework with a vocabulary scale of 223 characters can achieve an averaged recognition accuracy of 96.01% ± 0.83% for coded gesture recognition tasks and 92.73% ± 1.47% for character recognition tasks. Besides, it demonstrats that sEMG signals are rather consistent for a given hand shape independent of hand movements. Hence, the number of training samples will not be significantly increased when the vocabulary scale increases, since not only the number of the completely new proposed coded gestures is constant and limited, but also the transition movement which connects successive signs needs no training samples to model even though the same coded gesture performed in different characters. This work opens up a possible new way to realize a practical Chinese SLR system.
NMR solution structure of a highly stable <i>de novo</i> heterodimeric coiled‐coil (2004)

The NMR solution structure of a highly stable coiled-coil IAAL-E3/K3 has been solved. The E3/K3 coiled-coil is a 42-residue de novo designed coiled-coil comprising three heptad repeats per subunit, stabilized by hydrophobic contacts within the core and electrostatic interactions at the interface crossing the hydrophobic core which direct heterodimer formation. This E3/K3 domain has previously been shown to have high alpha-helical content as well as possessing a low dissociation constant (70 nM). The E3/K3 structure is completely alpha-helical and is an archetypical coiled-coil in solution, as determined using a combination of (1)H-NOE and homology based structural restraints. This structure provides a structural framework for visualizing the important interactions for stability and specificity, which are key to protein engineering applications such as affinity purification and de novo design.
The effect of eye position on the view of virtual geometry (2014)

In this document we discuss a study that investigates the effect of eye position on the apparent location of imagery presented in an off-the-shelf head worn display. We test a range of reasonable eye positions that may result from person-to-person variations in display placement and interpupillary distances. It was observed that the pattern of geometric distortions introduced by the display's optical system changes substantially as the eye moves from one position to the next. These visual displacements can be on the order of several degrees and increase in magnitude towards the peripheral edges of the field of view. Though many systems calibrate for interpupillary distance and optical distortions separately, this may be insufficient as eye position influences distortion characteristics.
Lectin ELISA for Analysis of α1-Acid Glycoprotein Fucosylation in the Acute Phase Response (1999)

In recent years, increasing attention has been directed to the specific changes in glycosylation of glycoproteins that occurs in response to certain physiologic and pathologic conditions (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). α1-Acid glycoprotein (AGP; orosomucoid) is a heavily glycosylated acute phase protein with five glycosylation sites carrying N-linked, complex-type oligosaccharides (N-glycans). The function of AGP is not well understood, but immunomodulating properties have been suggested that may be dependent on the expression of the sialyl LewisX (SLeX) epitope, in which fucose is a necessary component (7). However, methods for analysis of the glycosylation of acute phase proteins have been time-consuming and not suitable for routine analysis in a clinical laboratory (3)(6)(8).

A lectin ELISA has been used previously for analysis of a tumor marker (9). The Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL) was used in an ELISA for analysis of fucosylation of serum cholinesterase in liver disease (10). We developed a lectin ELISA that uses biotinylated AAL and a capture antibody specific for AGP to study the fucosylation on AGP in the acute phase response. As a model for acute inflammation, we monitored the daily changes in AGP fucosylation in patients with severe burns.

The plasma concentration of AGP and C-reactive protein (CRP) was analyzed on a Cobas Integra 700 (Roche). AAL was purified from locally picked mushrooms as described previously (7). AAL fractions were pooled, lyophilized, and stored at −20 °C until biotinylation was performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions (ImmunoprobeTM Biotinylation Kit; Sigma). Biotinylated AAL was stored at 4 °C. Microtiter plates (Nunc-ImmunoTM Maxisorp) were coated with polyclonal antibodies directed against human AGP (anti-human orosomucoid, cat. no. A0011; Dako), diluted 1:100 in coating buffer (15 mmol/L Na2CO3, 35 mmol/L …
LSK Derived LSK– Cells Have a High Apoptotic Rate Related to Survival Regulation of Hematopoietic and Leukemic Stem Cells (2012)

A balanced pool of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in bone marrow is tightly regulated, and this regulation is disturbed in hematopoietic malignancies such as chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here we show that the Lin(-)Sca-1(+)c-Kit(-) (LSK(-)) cell population derived from HSC-containing Lin(-)Sca-1(+)c-Kit(+) (LSK) cells has significantly higher numbers of apoptotic cells. Depletion of LSK cells by radiation or the cytotoxic chemical 5-fluorouracil results in an expansion of the LSK(-) population. In contrast, the LSK(-) population is reduced in CML mice, and depletion of leukemia stem cells (LSCs; BCR-ABL-expressing HSCs) by deleting Alox5 or by inhibiting heat shock protein 90 causes an increase in this LSK(-) population. The transition of LSK to LSK(-) cells is controlled by the Icsbp gene and its downstream gene Lyn, and regulation of this cellular transition is critical for the survival of normal LSK cells and LSCs. These results indicate a potential function of the LSK(-) cells in the regulation of LSK cells and LSCs.
Secretion of pyruvate. An antioxidant defense of mammalian cells. (1987)

Cells in culture are exposed to marked oxidative stress, H2O2 being one of the predominant agents. Pyruvate and other alpha-ketoacids reacted rapidly, stoichiometrically, and nonenzymatically with H2O2, and they protected cells from its cytolytic effects. All five human and murine cell types studied, both malignant and nonmalignant, released pyruvate at an initial rate of 35-60 microM/h/2.5 X 10(6) cells when placed in 1 ml pyruvate-free medium. After 6-12 h a plateau of 60-150 microM pyruvate was attained, corresponding to concentrations reported for normal human serum and plasma. The rate of pyruvate accumulation was almost doubled in the presence of exogenous catalase, suggesting that released pyruvate functions as an antioxidant. The rate of pyruvate accumulation was dependent on cell number. Succinate, fumarate, citrate, oxaloacetate, alpha-ketoglutarate, and malate were not secreted in significant amounts from P815 cells; export was specific for pyruvate and lactate among the metabolites tested. Extracellular pyruvate was in equilibrium with intracellular stores. Thus, cells conditioned the extracellular medium with pyruvate at the expense of intracellular pyruvate, until homeostatic levels were attained in both compartments. We propose that cells plated at low density in the absence of exogenous pyruvate fail to thrive for two reasons: prolonged depletion of intracellular pyruvate and prolonged vulnerability to oxidant stress.
Abstract P4-01-02: Early detection of residual breast cancer through a robust, scalable and personalized analysis of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) antedates overt metastatic recurrence (2019)

Abstract Background: Many breast cancer patients relapse after primary treatment but there are no reliable tests to detect distant metastases before they become overt. Here we show earlier identification of recurring patients through a scalable personalised ctDNA analysis. The method is applicable to all patients, and not limited to hot-spot mutations typically detected by gene panels. Methods: Forty-nine non-metastatic breast cancer patients were recruited following surgery and adjuvant therapy. Plasma samples (n=208) were serially collected semi-annually. Using the analytically validated SignateraTM workflow, we determined mutational signatures from primary tumour whole exome data and designed personalised assays targeting 16 variants with high sensitivity by ultra-deep sequencing (average &gt;100,000X). The patient-specific assay was used to detect the presence of the mutational signature in the plasma. Results: In 16 of 18 (89%) clinically-relapsing patients, ctDNA was detected ahead of metastatic relapse being diagnosed by clinical examination, radiological and biochemical (CA15-3) measurements, and remained ctDNA-positive through follow-up. Of the 2 patients not detected by ctDNA, one had a small local recurrence only (now resected) and the other had three primary tumours. None of the 31 non-relapsing patients were ctDNA-positive at any time point (n=142). Metastatic relapse was predicted by Signatera with high accuracy and a lead time of up to 2 years (median=9.5 months). Conclusions: The use of a scalable patient-specific ctDNA-based validated workflow detects breast cancer recurrence ahead of clinical detection. Accurate and earlier prediction by ctDNA analysis could provide a means of monitoring breast cancer patients in need of second-line salvage adjuvant therapy in order to prevent overt life-threatening metastatic progression. Citation Format: Coombes RC, Armstrong A, Ahmed S, Page K, Hastings RK, Salari R, Sethi H, Boydell A-R, Shchegrova SV, Fernandez-Garcia D, Gleason KL, Goddard K, Guttery DS, Assaf ZJ, Balcioglu M, Moore DA, Primrose L, Navarro SL, Aleshin A, Rehman F, Toghill BJ, Louie MC, Zimmermann BG, Lin C-HJ, Shaw JA. Early detection of residual breast cancer through a robust, scalable and personalized analysis of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) antedates overt metastatic recurrence [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-01-02.
Structural aspects of MOCVD-grown Hg1−xCdxTe layers on novel GaAs substrates (1991)

X-ray diffraction studies of six samples of metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD)-grown Hg1−xCdxTe on novel GaAs substrates have been carried out. The six GaAs substrates have (311), (\overline 3\overline 1\overline 1), (511), (\overline 5\overline 1\overline 1), (711) and (\overline 7\overline 1\overline 1) orientations. The absolute polarities of the six substrates, initially unknown, have been determined by X-ray anomalous scattering (after the layers were deposited). The orientations and absolute polarities of the six Hg1−xCdxTe layers have similarly been determined and follow the substrates. An extensive set of integrated-intensity data has been collected from the (311) Hg1−xCdxTe layer, which is of the order of 1 μm in thickness. Least-squares analysis of these data yields information about the thermal vibrations of the atomic species, extinction effects and the average composition of the Hg1−xCdxTe layer. Some results of double-crystal rocking-curve measurements for each of the six samples are also reported. The Rutherford backscattering of 2 MeV He ions has been used to determine independently the absolute polarity, composition and quality of the (311) and (\overline 3\overline 1\overline 1) Hg1−xCdxTe layers.
Low-Earth orbit satellite constellation for ADS-B based in-flight aircraft tracking (2015)

Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) is quickly being adopted by aviation safety authorities around the world as the standard for aircraft tracking. The technology provides the opportunity for live tracking of aircraft positions within range of an ADS-B receiver stations. Currently these receiver stations are bound by land and local infrastructural constraints. As such there is little to no coverage over oceans and poles, over which many commercial flights routinely travel. A low cost space based ADS-B receiving system is proposed as a constellation of small satellites. The possibility for a link between aircraft and satellite is dependent primarily on proximity. Calculating the likelihood of a link between two moving targets when considering with the non-periodic and non-uniform nature of actual aircraft flight-paths is non-trivial. This analysis of the link likelihood and the performance of the tracking ability of the satellite constellation has been carried out by a direct simulation of satellites and aircraft. Parameters defining the constellation (satellite numbers, orbit size and shape, orbit configuration) were varied between reasonable limits. The recent MH370 disappearance was simulated and potential tracking and coverage was analysed using an example constellation. The trend of more satellites at a higher altitude inclined at 60 degrees was found to be the optimal solution.
Numerical modelling of bed load sediment traps in sewer systems by density currents (1999)

A model with density currents has been developed and tested to simulate bed load sediment traps. In this model, the bed load layer over the pipe invert is considered as a continuous layer characterised by a density and a viscosity which depends on the solid concentration. A set of equations has been established that describes the trapping of the bed load material as the dynamics of two non-miscible fluids over and in the bed load sediment trap. The Fluent package has been used and adapted to solve the equations of the model. The VOF method (Volume Of Fluid) has been chosen to solve the two phase approach according to a Euler-Euler scheme. Several series of simulations have been carried out in order to assess the influence of the slot position and trap design on efficiency. The results obtained agree with previous empirical findings, and allow confirmation (in a more reliable manner than before) that the best sediment trap design involves a centrally-placed slot with the two plates covering the trap reservoir placed at the same height as one another.
Vector quantisation with MAP estimatorusing reliability information from turbo-codes (1998)

Minimum mean-squared distortion can be achieved by a maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) estimator utilising the reliability information available from the turbo-code channel decoder. Using the optimum MAP estimator in vector quantisation, numerical results show that MAP detection provides a significant improvement over the conventional mapping-based hard-decision source decoder.
Biochemical studies of olfaction: binding specificity of radioactively labeled stimuli to an isolated olfactory preparation from rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). (1978)

The extent of binding of 10 radioactively labeled odorant amino acids to a sedimentable fraction (fraction P2) derived from the olfactory rosettes of the rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri corresponded closely with their reported relative stimulatory effectiveness measured electrophysiologically. L isomers were bound to a greater extent than their respective D isomers. Binding of L-alanine was strongly and irreversibly inhibited by mercurials but was not affected by sulfhydryl-blocking reagents. Binding was saturable and reversible. Scatchard analyses gave evidence of two types of binding sites for most of the amino acids studied. The Kd values of the higher-affinity binding sites were similar among the amino acids, being in the range of 10(-6) M; differences occurred in the relative numbers of sites, n. These results, coupled with those from competition experiments, lead to the postulate that a multiplicity of types of olfactory binding sites exist in the trout: site TSA, which binds L-threonine, L-serine, and L-alanine; site L, which binds L-lysine; and site AB which binds beta-alanine. Tentative assignments are: site V, which binds L-valine; site H, which binds L-histidine; and site AD, which binds D-alanine. Site AD may be a lower affinity site for L-alanine. Binding of olfactory stimulus molecules appears to be an initial discrimination step in olfaction.
Cognitive performance and perceived effort in speech processing tasks: effects of different noise backgrounds in normal-hearing and hearing-impaired subjects Desempeño cognitivo y percepción del esfuerzo en tareas de procesamiento del lenguaje: Efectos de las diferentes condiciones de fondo en sujetos normales e hipoacúsicos (2005)

Cognitive tests of speech understanding were administered (presented as text, or in auditory or audiovisual modality) and perceived effort was rated. This was done in four background conditions: in silence, and in three types of noise (S/N=+10 dB) varying in temporal structure and meaningfulness. Four groups of 12 subjects each (young/elderly with normal hearing and young/elderly with hearing impairment) participated. The presence of noise had a negative effect on accuracy and speed of performance in the speech processing tasks, and resulted in higher scores of perceived effort, even when the stimuli were presented as text. Differences in performance between noise conditions existed. In the subjective scores, the noise with temporal variations, but without meaningful content, was the most disruptive of the three noise conditions. In the objective scores the hearing-impaired subjects showed poorer results in noise with temporal variations. The elderly subjects were more distracted by noise with temporal variations, and especially by noise with meaningful content. In noise, all subjects, particularly those with impaired hearing, were more dependent upon visual cues than in the quiet condition.