gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stabilized<sup>111</sup>In-Labeled sCCK8 Analogues for Targeting CCK2-Receptor Positive Tumors: Synthesis and Evaluation (2010)

Radiolabeled cholecystokinin-8 (CCK8) peptide analogues can be used for peptide receptor radionuclide imaging and therapy for tumors expressing CCK2/gastrin receptors. Earlier findings indicated that sulfated CCK8 (sCCK8, Asp-Tyr(OSO(3)H)-Met-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH(2)) may have better characteristics for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) than gastrin analogues. However, sCCK8 contains an easily hydrolyzable sulfated tyrosine residue and two methionine residues which are prone to oxidation. Here, we describe the synthesis of stabilized sCCK8 analogues, resistant to hydrolysis and oxidation. Hydrolytic stability was achieved by replacement of the Tyr(OSO(3)H) moiety by a robust isosteric sulfonate, Phe(p-CH(2)SO(3)H). Replacement of methionine by norleucine (Nle) or homopropargylglycine (HPG) avoided undesired oxidation side-reactions. The phenylalanine analogue Phe(p-CH(2)SO(3)H) of l-tyrosine, synthesized by a modification of known synthetic routes, was incorporated in three peptides: sCCK8[Phe(2)(p-CH(2)SO(3)H),Met(3,6)], sCCK8[Phe(2)(p-CH(2)SO(3)H),Nle(3,6)], and sCCK8[Phe(2)(p-CH(2)SO(3)H),HPG(3,6)]. All peptides were N-terminally conjugated with the macrocyclic chelator DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic acid) and radiolabeled with In-111. In vitro binding assays on CCK2R-expressing HEK293 cells revealed that all three peptides showed specific binding and receptor-mediated internalization, with binding affinity values (IC(50)) in the nanomolar range. In vitro oxidation studies demonstrated that peptides with Nle or HPG indeed were resistant to oxidation. In vivo targeting studies in mice with AR42J tumors showed that tumor uptake was highest for (111)In-DOTA-sCCK8 and (111)In-DOTA-sCCK8[Phe(2)(p-CH(2)SO(3)H),Nle(3,6)] (4.78 +/- 0.64 and 4.54 +/- 1.15%ID/g, respectively, 2 h p.i.). The peptide with the methionine residues replaced by norleucine ((111)In-DOTA-sCCK8[Phe(2)(p-CH(2)SO(3)H), Nle(3,6)]) showed promising in vivo characteristics and will be further investigated for radionuclide imaging and therapy of CCK2R-expressing tumors.
A method for sequencing single-stranded cloned DNA in both directions (1981)

A DNA sequencing method has been developed whereby DNA that has been cloned in a single-stranded bacteriophage vector can be sequenced from both ends. The method involves first making a minus-strand sense template from a single-stranded insert in the vector M13mp2 using a flanking primer, and then sequencing the synthesized template using the dideoxynucleotide termination method (Sanger et al., 1977, 1980) with a second primer. Special conditions are described under which the first primer is easily removed after making the template, and sequencing in the opposite direction can be done in the normal way (Sanger et al., 1980) without separating the double strands. This method renders it possible to read up to twice the amount of sequence data from a long insert and also to check short inserts by producing complementary sequence patterns.
Semi-quantitative analysis of three hydrocarbon accidents (2014)

Simple and transparent equations for hydrocarbon combustion previously presented in a largely pedagogic fashion are applied to three particular accidents. Emphasis is on relating the equations to observations at the scenes of the respective accidents.
Randomized Study of Transurethral Resection of the Prostate and Combined Transurethral Resection and Vaporization of the Prostate as a Therapeutic Alternative in Men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (2001)

From our preliminary experience, vapor-cut seems to give results comparable to those of TURP. Because there is almost no bleeding during vapor-cut, the procedure is performed under excellent visibility, which permits more rapid and effective resection.
Experimental Thrombocytopenia Induced by Busulphan (Myleran) in Rabbits: Extremely Low Platelet Levels and Intact Plasma Clotting System (1968)

Summary The effects of 2 intraperitoneal injections of the alkylating agent Busulphan (each of 25 mg/kg body weight, 3 days between injections) on the circulating elements of the blood and on the plasma coagulation system in rabbits have been investigated. Platelets fell progressively after a lag-phase of 7 days, reached a mean minimum level of about 3 % of the pre-injection level in 14 days, and then returned slowly towards normal values. Bleeding was an occasional complication and a rare cause of death. Granulocytopenia developed synchronously with the fall in platelets. The plasma clotting factors remained intact. We conclude that this is a useful experimental model for studies on the role of platelets in hemostasis and thrombosis.
Preparation of [<sup>11</sup>C]diethyl oxalate and [<sup>11</sup>C]oxalic acid and demonstration of their use in the synthesis of [<sup>11</sup>C]‐2,3‐dihydroxyquinoxaline (1993)

Abstract A method for the production of two new carbon‐11 labelled difunctional radiolabelling precursors, [ 11 C]diethyl oxalate, 2 , and [ 11 C]oxalic acid, 3 , is described. Methyl chloroformate was reacted with no‐carrier‐added [ 11 C]cyanide to generate the intermediate nitrile, methyl [ 11 C]cyanoformate. Alcoholysis with HCl in ethanol generated 2 , with could subsequently be converted to 3 , with aqueous acid. The total time of preparation from end‐of‐trapping of [ 11 C]cyanide was 6‐7 min using combined microwave and thermal treatment or, by exclusively thermal treatment, 15 and 20 min for 2 and 3 , respectively. The radiochemical conversion of [ 11 C]cyanide to 2 and 3 was ∼80% and ∼70%, respectively. Both 2 and 3 were used in a model reaction with 1,2‐phenylenediamine to synthesize the heterocyclic compound, 2,3‐dihydroxyquinoxaline, a basic structural unit in antagonists for the excitatory amino acid receptor system.
The Evolution of Resource Allocation Mechanisms for Space Allocation in Transportation Systems (2000)

systems. In this paper, we will focus at the finest granularity and consider the second-to-second decisions needed to allocate space to avoid collisions. We apply coordination theory to analyze collision avoidance as a coordination problem. Coordination theory suggests that coordination problems are created by dependencies among activities and resources that constrain how the activities can be performed. To avoid or overcome these constraints, additional work must be performed in the form of a coordination mechanism that manages the dependency. From this perspective, transportation systems can be viewed as collections of mechanisms for allocating a scarce resource, namely that space through which vehicles move. We illustrate this analysis with mini-case studies of collision avoidance in four modes of transportation: automobiles, trains, ships and aircraft.
“俄罗斯勇士”设计者——西科尔斯基 (1990)

在苏联50年代初出版的书籍中,偶尔还能见到西科尔斯基那些令人赞叹的重型飞机的照片,例如“俄罗斯勇士号”和“伊利娅·穆罗梅茨号”的照片,然而,自从这位飞机设计师于1918年侨居到国外后,他的名字就被从俄罗斯航空史上一笔勾销达数十年之久。研究飞机如醉如痴伊戈尔·伊万诺维奇·西科尔斯基1889年5月25日诞生在俄国基辅的一个著名的精神病医生的家庭。从童年时代起,人类飞行的理想就深深地吸引着他。从圣彼得堡海军武备中学毕业后,他进入巴黎的一个技术学校学习,1907年返回俄国,到基辅综合技术学院学习,但并没读到毕业。在整个生命中燃烧着的研制飞行器的热切愿望,使年轻的西科尔斯基如醉如痴。
Applications of cellular fatty acid analysis. (1991)

More than ever, new technology is having an impact on the tools of clinical microbiologists. The analysis of cellular fatty acids by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) has become markedly more practical with the advent of the fused-silica capillary column, computer-controlled chromatography and data analysis, simplified sample preparation, and a commercially available GLC system dedicated to microbiological applications. Experience with applications in diagnostic microbiology ranges from substantial success in work with mycobacteria, legionellae, and nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli to minimal involvement with fungi and other nonbacterial agents. GLC is a good alternative to other means for the identification of mycobacteria or legionellae because it is rapid, specific, and independent of other specialized testing, e.g., DNA hybridization. Nonfermenters show features in their cellular fatty acid content that are useful in identifying species and, in some cases, subspecies. Less frequently encountered nonfermenters, including those belonging to unclassified groups, can ideally be characterized by GLC. Information is just beginning to materialize on the usefulness of cellular fatty acids for the identification of gram-positive bacteria and anaerobes, despite the traditional role of GLC in detecting metabolic products as an aid to identification of anaerobes. When species identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci is called for, GLC may offer an alternative to biochemical testing. Methods for direct analysis of clinical material have been developed, but in practical and economic terms they are not yet ready for use in the clinical laboratory. Direct analysis holds promise for detecting markers of infection due to an uncultivable agent or in clinical specimens that presently require cultures and prolonged incubation to yield an etiologic agent.
Discrete tomography and joint inversion for loosely connected or unconnected physical properties: application to crosshole seismic and georadar data sets (2003)

Tomographic inversions of geophysical data generally include an underdetermined component. To compensate for this shortcoming, assumptions or a priori knowledge need to be incorporated in the inversion process. A possible option for a broad class of problems is to restrict the range of values within which the unknown model parameters must lie. Typical examples of such problems include cavity detection or the delineation of isolated ore bodies in the subsurface. In cavity detection, the physical properties of the cavity can be narrowed down to those of air and/or water, and the physical properties of the host rock either are known to within a narrow band of values or can be established from simple experiments. Discrete tomography techniques allow such information to be included as constraints on the inversions. We have developed a discrete tomography method that is based on mixed-integer linear programming. An important feature of our method is the ability to invert jointly different types of data, for which the key physical properties are only loosely connected or unconnected. Joint inversions reduce the ambiguity in tomographic studies. The performance of our new algorithm is demonstrated on several synthetic data sets. In particular, we show how the complementary nature of seismic and georadar data can be exploited to locate air- or water-filled cavities.
2-Aryl-4-chloro-3-iodoquinolines as Substrates for the Synthesis of 2,3-diaryl-4-methoxyquinolines (2008)

Sequential functionalisation of 2-aryl-4-chloro-3-iodoquinolines via palladium–catalysed cross-coupling with phenylboronic acid followed by displacement of the 4-chloro atom from the resulting 2,3-diaryl-4-chloroquinolines with methoxide ion yielded 2,3-diaryl-4-methoxyquinolines. The latter were also prepared via Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of 2-aryl-3-iodo-4-methoxyquinolines with phenylboronic acid. Demethylation of the methoxy compounds (BBr 3 ) gave the 2,3-diaryl-4(1 H)-quinolinones.
Water Retention by Cotton Fabric During Centrifuging (1963)

A study has been made of the parameters affecting the retention of liquid water by cotton fabric during centrifugal extraction. In addition to the obvious effect of centrifugal field strength, data are given on the effects of initial water content of the fabric load, surface tension and temperature of the water being expelled, thickness of the fabric bed, and others. The results are discussed in relation to a water retention theory based on the equilibrium between surface forces and gravitational forces which was proposed by J. M. Preston and co-workers.
Techniques for heating brain tumors with implanted microwave antennas (2002)

A technique is described in which microwave antennas are inserted into an array of nylon catheters implanted in brain tumors and a localized heat treatment is applied to raise the tumor to 43 degrees C. Flexible antennas of various designs have been used, such as dipole, choke dipole, modified dipole, and helical designs. Phase shifting and phase rotation techniques have been incorporated into the treatment system to steer power in the tumor, as predicted by computer modeling. Choke antennas counter the sensitivity of dipole antennas to insertion length. Clinical results with the different antenna designs are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF LOW POWER COMPRESSORS (2012)

The power management has become a great concern due to the increased usage of multimedia devices. Multipliers are the main sources of power consumption in these devices. The 3-2, 4-2 and 5-2 compressors are the basic components in many applications like partial product summation in multipliers. In this paper, various types of compressors have been designed. Different logic styles of XOR-XNOR gates and multiplexers have been compared with the existing CMOS logic. The pass transistor implementation of XOR-XNOR gates and multiplexer circuits achieves low power with less number of transistor counts. The proposed compressor architecture can be built using various combinations of XOR-XNOR gates, transistor level implementation and multiplexer circuits. The performance of basic compressor architectures with these low power XOR-XNOR gates and MUX blocks is found to be efficient in terms of area and power. Hence, the proposed 8x8-bit Wallace tree multiplier was designed using this proposed compressors and the power results are compared with the conventional Wallace tree multiplier design. The proposed Wallace tree multiplier using these compressors achieves significant amount of less power than conventional Wallace tree multiplier. The designs are implemented and power results are obtained using TANNER EDA 12.0 v tool.
Shape-controlled synthesis and catalytic application of ceria nanomaterials (2012)

Because of their excellent properties and extensive applications, ceria nanomaterials have attracted much attention in recent years. This perspective provides a comprehensive review of current research activities that focus on the shape-controlled synthesis methods of ceria nanostructures. We elaborate on the synthesis strategies in the following four sections: (i) oriented growth directed by the crystallographic structure of cerium-based materials; (ii) oriented growth directed by the use of an appropriate capping reagent; (iii) growth confined or dictated by various templates; (iv) other potential methods for generating CeO(2) nanomaterials. In this perspective, we also discuss the catalytic applications of ceria nanostructures. They are often used as active components or supports in many catalytic reactions and their catalytic activities show morphology dependence. We review the morphology dependence of their catalytic performances in carbon monoxide oxidation, water-gas shift, nitric oxide reduction, and reforming reactions. At the end of this review, we give a personal perspective on the probable challenges and developments of the controllable synthesis of CeO(2) nanomaterials and their catalytic applications.
Novel Sulfur-Containing Phytoalexins from the Chinese Cabbage <i>Brassica campestris</i> L. ssp. <i>pekinensis</i> (Cruciferae) (1988)

Abstract The first isolation and structure elucidation of four sulfur-containing indole phytoalexins from Chinese cabbage inoculated with Pseudomonas cichorii are described.
Detection of an isoform of α <sub>1</sub> ‐antitrypsin in serum samples from foals with gastric ulcers (2007)

The objective of this study was to find serum indicators of gastric ulcers in foals. By using two-dimensional electrophoresis of serum proteins, three distinct spots were detected in samples from foals with gastric ulcers detected endoscopically. One of them appeared with high frequency and was identified by partial digestion with trypsin and subsequent nano-electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry (nanoesi-ms/ms) analysis as an alpha(1)-antitrypsin. Western blot analysis, using an antibody against human alpha(1)-antitrypsin, revealed at least two bands, of molecular weight 58 kDa and 55 kDa, in the sera. The 55 kDa band was detected in 44 of 47 serum samples from foals with gastric ulcers, but in only three of 22 serum samples from healthy foals.
The bovine <i>fatty acid binding protein 4</i> gene is significantly associated with marbling and subcutaneous fat depth in Wagyu x Limousin F<sub>2</sub> crosses (2006)

Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), which is expressed in adipose tissue, interacts with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and binds to hormone-sensitive lipase and therefore, plays an important role in lipid metabolism and homeostasis in adipocytes. The objective of this study was to investigate associations of the bovine FABP4 gene with fat deposition. Both cDNA and genomic DNA sequences of the bovine gene were retrieved from the public databases and aligned to determine its genomic organization. Primers targeting two regions of the FABP4 gene were designed: from nucleotides 5433-6106 and from nucleotides 7417-7868 (AAFC01136716). Direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products on two DNA pools from high- and low-marbling animals revealed two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): AAFC01136716.1:g.7516G>C and g.7713G>C. The former SNP, detected by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism using restriction enzyme MspA1I, was genotyped on 246 F2 animals in a Waygu x Limousin F2 reference population. Statistical analysis showed that the FABP4 genotype significantly affected marbling score (P = 0.0398) and subcutaneous fat depth (P = 0.0246). The FABP4 gene falls into a suggestive/significant quantitative trait loci interval for beef marbling that was previously reported on bovine chromosome 14 in three other populations.
Localized RhoA Activation as a Requirement for the Induction of Membrane Ruffling (2005)

We examined the spatio-temporal activity of RhoA in migrating cells and growth factor-stimulated cells by using probes based on the principle of fluorescence resonance energy transfer. In HeLa cells migrating at a low cell density, RhoA was activated both at the contractile tail and at the leading edge. However, RhoA was activated only at the leading edge in MDCK cells migrating as a monolayer sheet. In growth factor-stimulated Cos1 and NIH3T3 cells, the activity of RhoA was greatly decreased at the plasma membrane, but remained high at the membrane ruffles in nascent lamellipodia. These observations are in agreement with the proposed role played by RhoA in stress fiber formation, but they also implicated RhoA in the regulation of membrane ruffling, the induction of which is a typical phenotype of activated Rac. In agreement with this view, dominant negative RhoA was found to inhibit membrane ruffling induced by active Rac. Furthermore, we found that Cdc42 activity was also required for high RhoA activity in membrane ruffles. Finally, we found that mDia1, but not ROCK, was stably associated with membrane ruffles. In conclusion, these results suggested that RhoA cooperates with Rac1 and Cdc42 to induce membrane ruffles via the recruitment of mDia.
Involvement of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) in Experimental Uric Acid Nephropathy (2000)

These data suggest that intrarenal granulomas in urate nephropathy may be the consequence of a crystal induced DTH reaction mediated by MIF.
Charge neutrality and band-gap tuning of epitaxial graphene on SiC by molecular doping (2010)

Epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001) suffers from strong intrinsic $n$-type doping. We demonstrate that the excess negative charge can be fully compensated by noncovalently functionalizing graphene with the strong electron-acceptor tetrafluorotetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ). Charge neutrality can be reached in monolayer graphene as shown in electron-dispersion spectra from angular-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. In bilayer graphene the band-gap that originates from the SiC/graphene interface dipole increases with increasing F4-TCNQ deposition and, as a consequence of the molecular doping, the Fermi level is shifted into the band-gap. The reduction in the charge-carrier density upon molecular deposition is quantified using electronic Fermi surfaces and Raman spectroscopy. The structural and electronic characteristics of the graphene/F4-TCNQ charge-transfer complex are investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. The doping effect on graphene is preserved in air and is temperature resistant up to $200\text{ }\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\text{C}$. Furthermore, graphene noncovalent functionalization with F4-TCNQ can be implemented not only via evaporation in ultrahigh vacuum but also by wet chemistry.
The biosynthesis of peptidoglycan lipid-linked intermediates (2008)

The biosynthesis of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan is a complex process involving many different steps taking place in the cytoplasm (synthesis of the nucleotide precursors) and on the inner and outer sides of the cytoplasmic membrane (assembly and polymerization of the disaccharide-peptide monomer unit, respectively). This review summarizes the current knowledge on the membrane steps leading to the formation of the lipid II intermediate, i.e. the substrate of the polymerization reactions. It makes the point on past and recent data that have significantly contributed to the understanding of the biosynthesis of undecaprenyl phosphate, the carrier lipid required for the anchoring of the peptidoglycan hydrophilic units in the membrane, and to the characterization of the MraY and MurG enzymes which catalyze the successive transfers of the N-acetylmuramoyl-peptide and N-acetylglucosamine moieties onto the carrier lipid, respectively. Enzyme inhibitors and antibacterial compounds interfering with these essential metabolic steps and interesting targets are presented.
Fully embedded LC diplexer passive circuit into an organic package substrate (2007)

Abstract In this article, fully embedded and miniaturized diplexer passive circuit device has been developed and characterized for dual‐band/mode CDMA handset applications. The size of the embedded diplexer is significantly reduced by embedding high Q circular spiral inductors and high DK MIM capacitors into a low cost organic package substrate. The embedded inductor and capacitor have quality factors of 61 and 32 at 1 GHz. The fabricated diplexer has insertion losses and isolations of −0.5 and −23 dB at 824–894 MHz and −0.7 and −22 dB at 1850–1990 MHz, respectively. Its size is 3.9 mm × 3.9 mm × 0.77 mm (height). The fabricated diplexer is the smallest one which is fully embedded into a low cost organic package substrate. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2960–2963, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22921