gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Model of High-Rate Matrix Acid Stimulation for Long Horizontal Wells in Carbonate Reservoirs (2010)

Abstract Matrix acidizing models have traditionally under-predicted acid stimulation benefits due to under-prediction of wormhole penetration and corresponding completion skin factors in vertical wells. For long horizontal wells drilled in carbonate reservoirs, productivity enhancement is a function of acid placement and effective wormhole penetration. However, prediction of wormhole penetration requires more effective analysis than provided by current industry models. This paper presents results of matrix acid modeling work for horizontal wells and describes a practical engineering tool for analyzing the progress of matrix acid stimulation for cemented and un-cemented horizontal well completions typically employed in carbonate reservoirs. An integrated flow model has been developed to predict the wellbore pressure profile and wormhole distribution by tracking the movement of the acid in the wellbore and the formation. Analysis of injection rates and pressures during acid treatment provides engineers with a way to determine the varying injectivity and tubing friction as stimulation proceeds. The model presented here can be used as a forward model for analyzing real-time treatment rate and pressure histories and can also be used to review past treatments to improve future treatment designs. The wormhole growth model is based on Buijse and Glasbergen’s empirical correlation augmented by the effect of formation heterogeneity and scale-up procedures that extend the wormhole geometry and penetration from laboratory flow tests on small cores to field-size treatments. Application of this modeling shows acid wormholing through carbonate formations can provide significant stimulation resulting in post-stimulation skins as low as −3.5 to −4.0 vs. previously predicted values in the −1.0 to −2.0 range. Using actual field stimulation data, we also discuss key elements to successful stimulation planning and the diagnosis of matrix acid treatments to achieve effective wormhole coverage for horizontal completions in carbonate formations.
<title>State Of The Art In Image Display Systems</title> (1979)

The readily-available, vendor state of the art in real-time color digital image display systems is summarized. The display systems considered are those having multiple refresh memories, multiple graphic overlays, interactive capability and full color operation using at least a 512x512 element image array. Also presented is a comparison matrix of a host of technical issues for ten of the currently available, state-of-the-art display systems. The technical issues considered include display system architectures, refresh memories, graphic overlays and cursors, lookup tables, processing capabilities, and display presentation.
Traffic-Aware Firewall Optimization Strategies (2006)

The overall performance of a firewall is crucial in enforcing and administrating security, especially when the network is under attack. The continuous growth of the Internet, coupled with the increasing sophistication of the attacks, is placing stringent demands on firewall performance. In this paper, we describe a traffic-aware optimization framework to improve the operational cost of firewalls. Based on this framework, we design a set of tools that inspect and analyze both multidimensional firewall rules and traffic logs and construct the optimal equivalent firewall rules based on the observed traffic characteristics. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first to use traffic characteristics in firewall optimization. Furthermore, we develop a novel adaptation mechanism that dynamically detects anomalous traffic behavior and adaptively alters the firewall rules to avoid serious performance degradation due to the traffic anomaly. To evaluate the performance of our approaches, we collected a large set of firewall rules and traffic logs at tens of enterprise networks managed by a Tier-1 service provider. Our evaluation results find these approaches very effective. In particular, we achieve more than 10 fold performance improvement by using the proposed traffic-aware firewall optimization.
New photorefractive mechanism in centrosymmetric crystals: A strain-coordinated Jahn-Teller relaxation (1992)

We present observations and an explanation of a photorefractive effect in strained centrosymmetric KTN and KLTN crystals in the absence of an externally applied electric field. Centrosymmetric crystals are forbidden to display the classical photorefractive effect without application of an applied field. Nevertheless, in diffraction experiments, centrosymmetric KTN:Cu and KLTN:Cu crystals show index changes of p to 1.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}5}$ and photorefractive response at more than 120 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C above the phase transition. Experiments described here allow us to conclude that a Jahn-Teller relaxation of the spatially modulated ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{2+}$ dopant concentration is responsible.
Excitatory amino acid receptors and disease. (1992)

Recent advances in the molecular biology of excitatory amino acid receptors are reviewed. Evidence that drugs blocking the excitatory action of glutamate at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptors may be of clinical use in epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, cerebral ischaemia and trauma, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) encephalopathy and neuropathic pain is summarized.
New-Onset Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation After Isolated Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery and Long-Term Survival (2009)

This study provides evidence that new-onset post-CABG AFIB is significantly associated with increased long-term risk of mortality independent of patient preoperative severity. After controlling for a comprehensive array of risk factors associated with post-CABG adverse outcomes, risk of long-term mortality in patients that developed new-onset post-CABG AFIB was 29% higher than in patients without it.
On the effect of walking surface stiffness on inter-limb coordination in human walking: toward bilaterally informed robotic gait rehabilitation (2016)

This paper characterizes the contralateral leg's response to ipsilateral manipulations of the walking surface and establishes the importance of walking surface stiffness in inter-leg coordination during human walking.
Structural elucidation of the backbone oligosaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of <i>Moraxella</i> <i>catarrhalis</i> serotype A (1994)

The cell-surface lipopolysaccharide produced by Moraxella catarrhalis serotype A is composed of a hydrophobic lipid A moiety and an oligosaccharide, but lacks high-molecular-weight O-polysaccharide chains. The oligosaccharide component is composed of D-glucose, D-galactose, D-glucosamine, and 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid. The carbohydrate backbone was obtained from the lipopolysaccharide by employing a reaction sequence involving deacylation, dephosphorylation, and reduction of the reducing D-glucosamine terminus of the lipid A moiety. Structural analysis of the backbone oligosaccharide employed a combination of microanalytical methods and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Homo- and hetero-nuclear chemical shift correlation techniques and nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) experiments led to the unambiguous assignment of the 1 H and l3 C resonances associated with each of the component glycosyl residues and established their sequence within the backbone oligosaccharide as shown,[Formula: see text]This lipopolysaccharide was found to consist of a highly branched, D-glucose-containing inner-core region which possesses a unique and unusual solution conformation. This was established by measurement of transglycosidic NOEs and three-bond 1 H− 13 C coupling constants, in conjunction with molecular modeling. A D-galactose-containing disaccharide identified as a terminal group of the lipopolysaccharide was structurally identical to antigenic epitopes expressed by certain mammalian epithelial cells and may be related to the virulence potential of this human pathogen.
Gestural communication over video stream (2003)

We present a system integrating gesture and live video to support collaboration on physical tasks. The architecture combines network IP cameras, desktop PCs, and tablet PCs to allow a remote helper to draw on a video feed of a workspace as he/she provides task instructions. A gesture recognition component enables the system both to normalize freehand drawings to facilitate communication with remote partners and to use pen-based input as a camera control device. Results of a preliminary user study suggest that our gesture over video communication system enhances task performance over traditional video-only systems. Implications for the design of multimodal systems to support collaborative physical tasks are also discussed.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering and Polarized Photoluminescence from Catalytically Grown CdSe Nanobelts and Sheets (2005)

We have successfully fabricated single-crystalline CdSe nanowires, nanobelts, and sheets by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method assisted with laser ablation. The synthesized CdSe nanostructures have hexagonal wurtzite phase as characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). CdSe nanobelts can range in length from several tens to a hundred micrometers, in thickness from 40 to 70 nm, and a tapered width which is approximately 3 microm at one end and tapers off to approximately 100 nm at a catalytic gold particle. Both selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopic (HRTEM) measurements show that the single-crystalline hexagonal belts and sheets grew along the [0.1-1.0] direction with side surface of +/-(0 0 0 1) and top surface of +/-(2 -1 -1 0). While the growth mechanism of nanobelts complies with a combination of vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) and vapor-solid (VS) processes, the formation of sheets is primarily based on the VS mechanism. For comparison, the phonon modes of CdSe nanobelts and bulk powder have been measured by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and normal Raman scattering (NRS) spectroscopies with off- and near-resonant excitations. A blue-shift of 2.4 cm(-1) for the longitudinal optical (LO) phonon of CdSe nanobelts, relative to bulk CdSe, is attributed to a lattice contraction in the belt structure, which is confirmed by the XRD measurement. Room-temperature microphotoluminescence (PL) at approximately 1.74 eV from single CdSe nanobelts shows a 3-fold enhancement compared to that from bulk CdSe powder and displays a partial polarization dependence of emission angles.
Free radical initiation in proteins and amino acids by ionizing and ultraviolet radiations and lipid oxidation — part I: Ionizing radiation (1980)

Parallels and similarities in chemical and functional damage to proteins by ionizing and UV radiations and oxidizing lipids have been recognized for some time. However, only recently have oxidizing lipids been shown directly by electron spin resonance to be radiomimetic also in their capacity for protein free radical production. Free radicals play a key role in the transformation of energy to molecular and cellular damage. It is thus of critical importance to elucidate the general mechanisms of free radical formation and reactions in proteins in order to understand protein involvement in various pathological conditions and in food deterioration. Accordingly, this review is a detailed comparison of gamma radiation, UV radiation, and lipid oxidation for what is presently known concerning (1) the specific modes of energy deposition and free radical formation, (2) the free radicals formed in proteins and amino acids, and (3) the typical damage correlating with these radicals.
PSPMT and photodiode designs of a small scintillation camera for imaging malignant breast tumors (1997)

The authors are investigating the concept of utilizing a small gamma ray scintillation camera to help identify and localize malignant breast tumors after a in a mammogram. Excellent sensitivity and specificity for malignant breast tumors has been achieved using conventional nuclear medicine scintillation cameras with certain /sup 99m/Tc-labeled radiopharmaceuticals. However, because of the large size, low image resolution and high cost of these devices, they are not ideal for use in breast imaging in a mammography suite. A dedicated miniaturized camera would allow imaging at angles that are physically impossible with the standard camera. These lateral views would not include the background activity from the heart and liver. In addition, with a potentially higher intrinsic resolution, shorter collimator and if breast compression is applied, a small camera could significantly improve the sensitivity and signal to noise ratio for the scintillation imaging method. The authors are exploring 2 different photodetector technologies for a small prototype camera development. The first uses a position sensitive photomultiplier (PSPMT) as the photodetector, the second, an array of silicon PIN photodiodes (PD). In this report, the authors present imaging results obtained with a NaI(Tl)-PSPMT design, and the design features, expected performance and relevant energy and position measurements obtained for a test CsI(TI)-PD device.
Dual-memory deep learning architectures for lifelong learning of everyday human behaviors (2016)

Learning from human behaviors in the real world is important for building human-aware intelligent systems such as personalized digital assistants and autonomous humanoid robots. Everyday activities of human life can now be measured through wearable sensors. However, innovations are required to learn these sensory data in an online incremental manner over an extended period of time. Here we propose a dual memory architecture that processes slow-changing global patterns as well as keeps track of fast-changing local behaviors over a lifetime. The lifelong learnability is achieved by developing new techniques, such as weight transfer and an online learning algorithm with incremental features. The proposed model outperformed other comparable methods on two real-life data-sets: the image-stream dataset and the real-world lifelogs collected through the Google Glass for 46 days.
Expertise recommender (2000)

Locating the expertise necessary to solve difficult problems is a nuanced social and collaborative problem. In organizations, some people assist others in locating expertise by making referrals. People who make referrals fill key organizational roles that have been identified by CSCW and affiliated research. Expertise locating systems are not designed to replace people who fill these key organizational roles. Instead, expertise locating systems attempt to decrease workload and support people who have no other options. Recommendation systems are collaborative software that can be applied to expertise locating. This work describes a general recommendation architecture that is grounded in a field study of expertise locating. Our expertise recommendation system details the work necessary to fit expertise recommendation to a work setting. The architecture and implementation begin to tease apart the technical aspects of providing good recommendations from social and collaborative concerns.
Distance elements: Linking theory with testing (2009)

Understanding and testing distance elements require linking the theory related to their design to the fault voltages and currents used during tests. This paper discusses the theory, deriving the characteristics of phase and ground distance elements with a focus on three in particular. The derivation will introduce certain concepts, including the impedance plane, source impedance, forward fault impedance, reverse fault impedance, fault resistance, and load flow behavior. The discussion is based on the use of symmetrical components to understand the design, behavior, and characteristics of distance elements. This paper also reviews some testing procedural errors. A confident understanding of the theory allows for an easier understanding of the testing results obtained.
A preliminary study of the dental implant therapy—initial osteogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem (HMS0014) cells on titanium discs with different surface modifications— (2012)

HMS0014 cells were GBR-engineered to proliferate and differentiate into mature osteoblast(Ob)-like cells, which initiated hard tissue matrix deposition in both monolayer and PuraMatrix 3-D cultures. Subsequently, the osteogenesis initiated with attachment/adhesion of HMS0014 cells on either Titanium (Ti) or Ti alloy discs modified with osteoconductive/ osteoinductive surface textures/substrates (e.g., Disc-AO, Disc-HA, Disc-SPI) was histologically assessed. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The HMS0014 cells actively proliferated and differentiated into mature Obs to initiate mineralisation of the ECM since day 1 in both monolayer and 3-D cultures; mineralization was prominently progressed between day 7 and day 14 of cultures. 2) The SEM of 60-minute(min)s specimens demonstrated a loose distribution of proliferating spherical-to-polygonal (10 to 40 microm in diameter, avg.) cells with a bulging cell body sending out many minute filopodia and some lamellipodia to attach with the substrate in the concavities. 3) In the 180-min specimens, the cultured HMS0014 cells actively proliferated and spread into flat, large polygonal cells with prominent lamellipodia and dendritic filopodia (30 microm x 90 microm to 100 microm x 200 microm, approx.) to employ cell-to-substrate and intercellular attachments. 4) On the other hand, the present immunohistochemistry of the attached HMS0014 cells demonstrated the co-expression of F-actin (actin filaments of the cytoskeleton) and CD51 (aV integrin) in both the 60-min and 180-min specimens. We concluded that the present GBR method enhanced HMS0014 cells to initiate an osteogenesis process with a direct bone-to-substratum contact on Ti discs which were subject to different surface modifications.
Streptococcus equisimilis Pneumonia in a compromised host (1983)

A fatal case of Streptococcus equisimilis pneumonia and septicemia is described in a young man with Hodgkin's disease. The disease course consisted of exudative pharyngitis, macular rash, septic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolization. S. equisimilis was isolated from blood, throat, and sputum cultures antemortem and from lung cultures at autopsy.
Cache-DASD storage design for improving system performance (1985)

This paper discusses three examples of a cache-DASD storage design. Precursors and developments leading up to the IBM 3880 Storage Control Subsystems are presented. The development of storage hierarchies is discussed, and the role of cache control units in the storage hierarchy is reviewed. Design and implementations are presented. Other topics discussed are cache management, performance of the subsystem, and experience using the subsystem. It is shown that a cache as a high-speed intermediary between the processor and DASD is a major and effective step toward matching processor speed and DASD speed.
Seed‐expressed fluorescent proteins as versatile tools for easy (co)transformation and high‐throughput functional genomics in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2003)

We demonstrate that fluorescent proteins can be used as visual selection markers for the transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana by the floral dip method. Seed-specific expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) variants, as well as DsRed, permits the identification of mature transformed seeds in a large background of untransformed seeds by fluorescence microscopy. In planta visualization of transformed seeds in siliques shows that susceptibility to floral dip transformation is limited to a small, defined window in flower development. In the competent stage, the random transformation of up to 25% of the seeds within a single silique may occur. The use of fluorescent proteins with different spectral characteristics allows a rapid identification and genetic analysis of seeds that have received multiple genes-of-interest in co-transformation experiments. The data reveal that co-transformation does not occur at random, since the co-transformed genes are integrated at a single genetic locus in approximately 70% of the cases. This genetic linkage of the co-transformed genes greatly simplifies metabolic pathway engineering by reverse genetics in Arabidopsis. Additional advantages of using visual selection instead of antibiotic resistance include a rapid identification of the effect of the T-DNA insertion or the transgene on seed development and/or germination. This technology, of tagging and identifying transformed seeds by fluorescence provides a novel high-throughput screening system with many potential applications in plant biotechnology.
Object-Guided Instance Segmentation for Biological Images (2019)

Instance segmentation of biological images is essential for studying object behaviors and properties. The challenges, such as clustering, occlusion, and adhesion problems of the objects, make instance segmentation a non-trivial task. Current box-free instance segmentation methods typically rely on local pixel-level information. Due to a lack of global object view, these methods are prone to over- or under-segmentation. On the contrary, the box-based instance segmentation methods incorporate object detection into the segmentation, performing better in identifying the individual instances. In this paper, we propose a new box-based instance segmentation method. Mainly, we locate the object bounding boxes from their center points. The object features are subsequently reused in the segmentation branch as a guide to separate the clustered instances within an RoI patch. Along with the instance normalization, the model is able to recover the target object distribution and suppress the distribution of neighboring attached objects. Consequently, the proposed model performs excellently in segmenting the clustered objects while retaining the target object details. The proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performances on three biological datasets: cell nuclei, plant phenotyping dataset, and neural cells.
Anticoagulant synergism of heparin and activated protein C in vitro. Role of a novel anticoagulant mechanism of heparin, enhancement of inactivation of factor V by activated protein C. (1997)

Interactions between standard heparin and the physiological anticoagulant plasma protein, activated protein C (APC) were studied. The ability of heparin to prolong the activated partial thromboplastin time and the factor Xa- one-stage clotting time of normal plasma was markedly enhanced by addition of purified APC to the assays. Experiments using purified clotting factors showed that heparin enhanced by fourfold the phospholipid-dependent inactivation of factor V by APC. In contrast to factor V, there was no effect of heparin on inactivation of thrombin-activated factor Va by APC. Based on SDS-PAGE analysis, heparin enhanced the rate of proteolysis of factor V but not factor Va by APC. Coagulation assays using immunodepleted plasmas showed that the enhancement of heparin action by APC was independent of antithrombin III, heparin cofactor II, and protein S. Experiments using purified proteins showed that heparin did not inhibit factor V activation by thrombin. In summary, heparin and APC showed significant anticoagulant synergy in plasma due to three mechanisms that simultaneously decreased thrombin generation by the prothrombinase complex. These mechanisms include: first, heparin enhancement of antithrombin III-dependent inhibition of factor V activation by thrombin; second, the inactivation of membrane-bound FVa by APC; and third, the proteolytic inactivation of membrane-bound factor V by APC, which is enhanced by heparin.