gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amphiphilic poly(alkylthiophene) block copolymers prepared via externally initiated GRIM and click coupling (2013)

Block copolymers with a poly(3-alkylthiophene) (P3AT) polymer block can self-organize into periodic, crystalline nanostructures that may be useful for organic electronic applications. However, reliable synthetic methods for the preparation of P3AT block copolymers are lacking. Here, we demonstrate a general method for the synthesis of P3AT rod-coil block copolymers via click-coupling of alkynyl-P3AT. Alkynyl-P3ATs are prepared via externally initiated Grignard metathesis polymerization (GRIM) using a modified nickel catalyst followed by end-group modification. The resulting alkynyl-P3ATs have improved stability and solubility compared with those previously reported. P3ATs are subsequently coupled to an azide-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) through copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne click coupling, resulting in P3AT-b-PEG block copolymers. The advantages of this synthetic procedure are the improved stability of the alkynyl-P3AT macroreagent, the capability to synthesize high molecular weight P3AT polymer blocks, and facile determination of P3AT absolute molecular weight through 1H NMR analysis. This synthetic method is applied to prepare a series of P3AT-b-PEG block copolymers, with poly(3-hexyl thiophene) (P3HT), poly(3-dodecylthiophene) (P3DDT), and poly(3-(2′-ethyl)hexylthiophene) (P3EHT) polymer blocks. The resulting P3AT block copolymers are dispersed in water to form micelles with crystalline, hydrophobic cores. Absorbance measurements show that crystallization of P3DDT and P3EHT blocks is suppressed in micellar cores due to nanoscale confinement of the P3AT blocks.
Complementary discrimination learning with decision lists (1992)

This paper describes the integration of a learning mechanism called complementary discrimination learning with a knowledge representation schema called decision lists. There are two main results of such an integration. One is an efficient representation for complementary concepts that is crucial for complementary discrimination style learning. The other is the first behaviorally incremental algorithm, called CDL2, for learning decision lists. Theoretical analysis and experiments in several domains have shown that CDL2 is more efficient than many existing symbolic or neural network learning algorithms, and can learn multiple concepts from noisy and inconsistent data. Introduction Complementary discrimination learning (CDL) (Shen 1990) is a general learning mechanism inspired by Piaget &apos;s child development theories. The key idea is to learn the boundary between a hypothesis concept and its complement incrementally based on the feedback from predictions. The framework is general enough ...
Heterogeneous lithium niobate photonics on silicon substrates (2013)

A platform for the realization of tightly-confined lithium niobate photonic devices and circuits on silicon substrates is reported based on wafer bonding and selective oxidation of refractory metals. The heterogeneous photonic platform is employed to demonstrate high-performance lithium niobate microring optical resonators and Mach-Zehnder optical modulators. A quality factor of ~7.2 × 10⁴ is measured in the microresonators, and a half-wave voltage-length product of 4 V.cm and an extinction ratio of 20 dB is measured in the modulators.
[Immunomodulating action of heteropolysaccharides isolated from camomile flowers]. (1992)

Administration of heteropolysaccharides from the camomile flower clusters to rats which failed to perform a physical load (swimming) resulted in stimulation of development of the immune response to SRBCs. However, it did not influence development of the immune response to a bacterial lipopolysaccharide in the rats. A short-term exposure of the swimming animals to high doses of the heteropolysaccharides increased development of the immune response induced by their lipopolysaccharide. A long-term exposure of the swimming rats to low doses of the heteropolysaccharides increased development of the immune response to SRBCs and the lipopolysaccharide. The high doses of the heteropolysaccharides induced excretion of the helper factors by the spleen cells not adhesive to glass while the low doses of the heteropolysaccharides decreased sensitivity of the cells of the immune system to the influence of the suppressing factor excreted by the glass-adherent spleen cells from swimming rats.
Transgene‐mediated suppression of dengue viruses in the salivary glands of the yellow fever mosquito, <i>Aedes aegypti</i> (2010)

Controlled sex-, stage- and tissue-specific expression of antipathogen effector molecules is important for genetic engineering strategies to control mosquito-borne diseases. Adult female salivary glands are involved in pathogen transmission to human hosts and are target sites for expression of antipathogen effector molecules. The Aedes aegypti 30K a and 30K b genes are expressed exclusively in adult female salivary glands and are transcribed divergently from start sites separated by 263 nucleotides. The intergenic, 5'- and 3'-end untranslated regions of both genes are sufficient to express simultaneously two different transgene products in the distal-lateral lobes of the female salivary glands. An antidengue effector gene, membranes no protein (Mnp), driven by the 30K b promoter, expresses an inverted-repeat RNA with sequences derived from the premembrane protein-encoding region of the dengue virus serotype 2 genome and reduces significantly the prevalence and mean intensities of viral infection in mosquito salivary glands and saliva.
Practical Character Physics for Animators (2010)

To significantly improve the visual quality of certain types of animated 3D character motion, a proposed graphics system infers physical properties and corrects the results by using dynamics. The system visualizes these physical characteristics and provides information not normally available to traditional 3D animators, such as the center of mass, angular momentum, and zero moment point. By comparing the original path generated by an animator to a proper physically based path generated by the system, animators can interactively modify the original path to more closely match the system-generated path. This often produces better character motion. Users can adjust two types of motion: animations involving ballistic paths, such as falling and jumping, and animations involving movement requiring balance and posture, such as walking or running. A professional software system integrates this method for use in a visual effects studio that incorporates live action with 3D animated characters in feature films. Research shows that from 10 to 16 percent of the shots of a character-heavy feature film will incorporate ballistic motions that the system might improve. The Web extra is a video demonstrating an interactive system that helps animators create physically plausible character motions. You can also view the video on YouTube here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0OhS6Y5YX4.
Mobility improves coverage of sensor networks (2005)

Previous work on the coverage of mobile sensor networks focuses on algorithms to reposition sensors in order to achieve a static configuration with an enlarged covered area. In this paper, we study the dynamic aspects of the coverage of a mobile sensor network that depend on the process of sensor movement. As time goes by, a position is more likely to be covered; targets that might never be detected in a stationary sensor network can now be detected by moving sensors. We characterize the area coverage at specific time instants and during time intervals, as well as the time it takes to detect a randomly located stationary target. Our results show that sensor mobility can be exploited to compensate for the lack of sensors and improve network coverage. For mobile targets, we take a game theoretic approach and derive optimal mobility strategies for sensors and targets from their own perspectives.
New Algorithms for Edge Induced König-Egerváry Subgraph Based on Gallai-Edmonds Decomposition (2018)

König-Egerváry graphs form an important graph class which has been studied extensively in graph theory. Much attention has also been paid on König-Egerváry subgraphs and König-Egerváry graph modification problems. In this paper, we focus on one König-Egerváry subgraph problem, called the Maximum Edge Induced König Subgraph problem. By exploiting the classical Gallai-Edmonds decomposition, we establish connections between minimum vertex cover, Gallai-Edmonds decomposition structure, maximum matching, maximum bisection, and König-Egerváry subgraph structure. We obtain a new structural property of König-Egerváry subgraph: every graph G=(V, E) has an edge induced König-Egerváry subgraph with at least 2|E|/3 edges. Based on the new structural property proposed, an approximation algorithm with ratio 10/7 for the Maximum Edge Induced König Subgraph problem is presented, improving the current best ratio of 5/3. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first one establishing the connection between Gallai-Edmonds decomposition and König-Egerváry graphs. Using 2|E|/3 as a lower bound, we define the Edge Induced König Subgraph above lower bound problem, and give a kernel of at most 30k edges for the problem.
Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2)‐TLR9 crosstalk dictates IL‐12 family cytokine production in microglia (2011)

Microglia are the resident mononuclear phagocytes of the CNS parenchyma and represent an initial line of defense against invading microorganisms. Microglia utilize Toll-like receptors (TLRs) for pathogen recognition and TLR2 specifically senses conserved motifs of gram-positive bacteria including lipoproteins, lipoteichoic acids, and peptidoglycan (PGN) leading to cytokine/chemokine production. Interestingly, primary microglia derived from TLR2 knockout (KO) mice over-expressed numerous IL-12 family members, including IL-12p40, IL-12p70, and IL-27 in response to intact S. aureus, but not the less structurally complex TLR2 ligands Pam3CSK4 or PGN. The ability of intact bacteria to augment IL-12 family member expression was specific for gram-positive organisms, since numerous gram-negative strains were unable to elicit exaggerated responses in TLR2 KO microglia. Inhibition of SYK or IRAK4 signaling did not impact heightened IL-12 family member production in S. aureus-treated TLR2 KO microglia, whereas PI3K, MAPK, and JNK inhibitors were all capable of restoring exaggerated cytokine expression to wild type levels. Additionally, elevated IL-12 production in TLR2 KO microglia was ablated by a TLR9 antagonist, suggesting that TLR9 drives IL-12 family member production following exposure to intact bacteria that remains unchecked in the absence of TLR2 signaling. Collectively, these findings indicate crosstalk between TLR2 and TLR9 pathways to regulate IL-12 family member production by microglia. The summation of TLR signals must be tightly controlled to ensure the timely cessation and/or fine tuning of cytokine signaling to avoid nonspecific bystander damage due to sustained IL-12 release.
A Quantitative Measure of Telepresence (1995)

This paper presents the foundation for a theory of presence that seeks to answer important questions about telepresence and virtual presence. The theory, which develops the definition of telepresence to include virtual presence as a special case, permits the precise definition of various types and degrees of telepresence. General categories of telepresence are defined, using different types of presence that are proposed in the paper. Three types of specifications are used to make the definitions more precise: (1) a set of tasks, (2) a transformation imposed on the human operator's control output and sensory input, and (3) a transformation of the region of presence. The proposed quantitative measure of telepresence involves both objective and subjective measures. The degree of (objective) telepresence is equal to the probability of successfully completing a specified task. The degree of subjective telepresence is equal to the probability that a human operator perceives that he or she is physically present in a given remote environment. The measure of subjective telepresence involves a psychophysical test and is analyzed using signal detection theory. Real-world complications are addressed and a practical example of a subjective telepresence test is described.
Nonequivalence of two flavors of oblivious transfer at the quantum level (2006)

Though all-or-nothing oblivious transfer and one-out-of-two oblivious transfer are equivalent in classical cryptography, we here show that a protocol built upon secure quantum all-or-nothing oblivious transfer cannot satisfy the rigorous definition of quantum one-out-of-two oblivious transfer due to the nature of quantum cryptography. Thus the securities of the two oblivious transfer protocols are not equivalent at the quantum level.
Architectures and performance of fiber delay line buffers in packet-based multifiber optical networks (2005)

In this paper, we study the architectures and performance of fiber delay line (FDL) buffers in packet-based multifiber optical networks. Three buffering architectures are considered and their performance are evaluated and compared through extensive simulation.
Enzymes and bioscavengers for prophylaxis and treatment of organophosphate poisoning (2009)

Organophosphorus (OP) pesticide poisoning causes significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in the developing world, with upwards of 3 million people poisoned each year. Although OP poisoning is not common in developed countries, recently greater attention has been given to these chemicals because of their similarity to chemical warfare agents. Despite the agricultural use of OP pesticides for roughly 60 years, no new therapies have been developed since the 1960s. A promising field of novel antidotes for OP poisoning, OP hydrolases, has recently garnered increased support. These bacterial enzymes have demonstrated tremendous prophylactic and antidotal efficacy against a few different OP classes in animal models. These studies, as well as the limitations and challenges of therapeutic development of these enzymes, are discussed.
Semi-automated Construction of Decision Rules to Predict Morbidities from Clinical Texts (2009)

OBJECTIVE In this study the authors describe the system submitted by the team of University of Szeged to the second i2b2 Challenge in Natural Language Processing for Clinical Data. The challenge focused on the development of automatic systems that analyzed clinical discharge summary texts and addressed the following question: "Who's obese and what co-morbidities do they (definitely/most likely) have?". Target diseases included obesity and its 15 most frequent comorbidities exhibited by patients, while the target labels corresponded to expert judgments based on textual evidence and intuition (separately). DESIGN The authors applied statistical methods to preselect the most common and confident terms and evaluated outlier documents by hand to discover infrequent spelling variants. The authors expected a system with dictionaries gathered semi-automatically to have a good performance with moderate development costs (the authors examined just a small proportion of the records manually). MEASUREMENTS Following the standard evaluation method of the second Workshop on challenges in Natural Language Processing for Clinical Data, the authors used both macro- and microaveraged Fbeta=1 measure for evaluation. RESULTS The authors submission achieved a microaverage F(beta=1) score of 97.29% for classification based on textual evidence (macroaverage F(beta=1) = 76.22%) and 96.42% for intuitive judgments (macroaverage F(beta=1) = 67.27%). CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate the feasibility of the authors approach and show that even very simple systems with a shallow linguistic analysis can achieve remarkable accuracy scores for classifying clinical records on a limited set of concepts.
Efficacy and safety of fexapotide triflutate in outpatient medical treatment of male lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (2019)

Male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is an increasingly important problem for the majority of late middle aged and elderly men. Fexapotide triflutate (FT) is a first in-class compound given by local injection <i>via</i> the transrectal intraprostatic route under ultrasound guidance. Data from >1700 FT and control injections in prospective randomized blinded controlled multicenter trials are reviewed and discussed in relation to current developments in the field of treatments for LUTS associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Long-term studies of FT in the United States have shown statistically significant improvement in BPH symptoms and objective outcomes including significant reduction in both spontaneous acute urinary retention as well as the subsequent incidence of BPH surgery. FT has been shown to be well tolerated with an excellent safety profile, and is an efficacious clinic-based treatment for BPH involving an intraprostatic injection that requires only a few minutes to administer, with no catheter nor anesthesia requirements.
The Lipid Nature of a Tumour‐Associated Autoantigen from a Chemically Induced Rat Hepatoma (1982)

The target antigens for the complement-dependent cytotoxic antibodies in D23 tumour-bearer serum from rats carrying the chemically induced D23 hepatoma were extractable from extranuclear membranes of tumours with chloroform/methanol. The antigenic activity, measured by inhibition of D23 TBS cytotoxicity against D23 cells, was recovered in the phospholipid-containing fraction after silica gel chromatography. Preparative thin-layer chromatography (in chloroform/methanol/0.25% CaCl2) revealed that the antigenic activity migrated similarly to phosphatidylethanolamine and cardiolipin, although these phospholipids did not cause the inhibition seen with the antigenic fractions. Phospholipase A2 digestion of the phospholipid fraction did not affect the antigenic activity nor did it after the mobility of the antigen when analysed with thin-layer chromatography. From these results it was concluded that the antigen extracted from D23 hepatoma may be of phospholipid nature, although its molecular identity remains to be established.
A Comprehensive Review of the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Role of IoT, Drones, AI, Blockchain, and 5G in Managing its Impact (2020)

The unprecedented outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus, termed as COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO), has placed numerous governments around the world in a precarious position. The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak, earlier witnessed by the citizens of China alone, has now become a matter of grave concern for virtually every country in the world. The scarcity of resources to endure the COVID-19 outbreak combined with the fear of overburdened healthcare systems has forced a majority of these countries into a state of partial or complete lockdown. The number of laboratory-confirmed coronavirus cases has been increasing at an alarming rate throughout the world, with reportedly more than 3 million confirmed cases as of 30 April 2020. Adding to these woes, numerous false reports, misinformation, and unsolicited fears in regards to coronavirus, are being circulated regularly since the outbreak of the COVID-19. In response to such acts, we draw on various reliable sources to present a detailed review of all the major aspects associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to the direct health implications associated with the outbreak of COVID-19, this study highlights its impact on the global economy. In drawing things to a close, we explore the use of technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), blockchain, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and 5G, among others, to help mitigate the impact of COVID-19 outbreak.
Schrift (1990)

Die spezifischen Beiträge eines Kommunikationsmediums können an den Veränderungen deutlich gemacht werden, die sich mit seiner Einführung ergeben. Bei der Schrift führt uns dies freilich in entlegene Zeiten.
Substance abuse. Unemployment, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and body weigh in young British men (1998)

The relationship of unemployment experienced between the ages of 16 and 33 years with smoking, alcohol consumption and obesity was examined in 2, 887 men who were members of the 1958 longitudinal British birth cohort study (NCDS). Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, measured as units consumed in the past week and as problem drinking using the CAGE questionnaire and the body mass index (BMI) were measured at age 33 years. Both the amount of unemployment accumulated between the ages of 16 and 33 years and recent unemployment experienced in the year prior to interview at age 33 years were examined. When compared with men who had never been unemployed, the adjusted relative odds amongst men with over three years of accumulated unemployment (after adjustment for possible confounding socioeconomic and behavioural factors measured prior to unemployment) were 2.11 (95% Cl: 1.42–3.12) for smoking, 2.13 (95% Cl: 1.32–3.42) for a low BMI and non-significant for a high BMI; 1.52 (95% Cl: 1.04–2.24) for no alcohol consumed; non-significant for high alcohol consumption, but 2.15 (95% Cl: 1.39–3.33) for problem drinking. Men who had experienced unemployment in the year prior to the interview, compared to those who had not, after adjustment, were significantly more likely to smoke (RO 2.92, 95% Cl: 2.13–4.01), drink heavily (RO 1.73, 95% Cl: 1.18–2.54) and to have a drink problem (RO 2.90, 95% CI: 1.99–4.21). Unemployment may play a significant part in establishing life-long patterns of hazardous behaviour in young men.
Evaluation of Electrical Conductivity Properties of Refractory Metal Compound Thin Films at Elevated Temperature (1994)

Refractory compound thin films of transition metal nitrides, carbides and silicide were prepared on alumina substrates. Their temperature dependence of electrical resistance were investigated at elevated temperature. The maximum temperature Tc at which the films were stable in air were 200-400°C lower than those in poor vacuum (-10-1Torr). The nitrides of tantalum, hafmium and titanium had generally wide temperature range of ohmic properties in air than their carbides, and Tc of the nitride are generally 100-200°C higher than those of carbides. The nitride and carbide of zirconium were found to have poor ohmic properties and low Tc. On the other hand, titanium silicide films had stable ohmic properties below 900°C in air, however its temperature coefficient of resistance was found to have higher value which was comparable to that of platinum.