gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of a protein phosphatase cascade allows convergent dopamine and glutamate signals to activate ERK in the striatum (2004)

Many drugs of abuse exert their addictive effects by increasing extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens, where they likely alter the plasticity of corticostriatal glutamatergic transmission. This mechanism implies key molecular alterations in neurons in which both dopamine and glutamate inputs are activated. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), an enzyme important for long-term synaptic plasticity, is a good candidate for playing such a role. Here, we show in mouse that d-amphetamine activates ERK in a subset of medium-size spiny neurons of the dorsal striatum and nucleus accumbens, through the combined action of glutamate NMDA and D1-dopamine receptors. Activation of ERK by d-amphetamine or by widely abused drugs, including cocaine, nicotine, morphine, and Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol was absent in mice lacking dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of M(r) 32,000 (DARPP-32). The effects of d-amphetamine or cocaine on ERK activation in the striatum, but not in the prefrontal cortex, were prevented by point mutation of Thr-34, a DARPP-32 residue specifically involved in protein phosphatase-1 inhibition. Regulation by DARPP-32 occurred both upstream of ERK and at the level of striatal-enriched tyrosine phosphatase (STEP). Blockade of the ERK pathway or mutation of DARPP-32 altered locomotor sensitization induced by a single injection of psychostimulants, demonstrating the functional relevance of this regulation. Thus, activation of ERK, by a multilevel protein phosphatase-controlled mechanism, functions as a detector of coincidence of dopamine and glutamate signals converging on medium-size striatal neurons and is critical for long-lasting effects of drugs of abuse.
A capsid protein of nonenveloped Bluetongue virus exhibits membrane fusion activity (2004)

The outer capsid layer of Bluetongue virus, a member of the nonenveloped Reoviridae family, is composed of two proteins, a receptor-binding protein, VP2, and a second protein, VP5, which shares structural features with class I fusion proteins of enveloped viruses. In the replication cycle of Bluetongue virus VP5 acts as a membrane permeabilization protein that mediates release of viral particles from endosomal compartments into the cytoplasm. Here, we show that VP5 can also act as a fusion protein and induce syncytium formation when it is fused to a transmembrane anchor and expressed on the cell surface. Fusion activity is strictly pH-dependent and is triggered by short exposure to low pH. No cell-cell fusion is observed at neutral pH. Deletion of the first 40 amino acids, which can fold into two amphipathic helices, abolishes fusion activity. Syncytium formation by VP5 is inhibited in the presence of VP2 when it is expressed in a membrane-anchored form. The data indicate an interaction between the outer capsid protein VP2 and VP5 and show that VP5 undergoes pH-dependent conformational changes that render it capable of interacting with cellular membranes. More importantly, our data show that a membrane permeabilization protein of a nonenveloped virus can evolve into a fusion protein by the addition of an appropriate transmembrane anchor. The results strongly suggest that the mechanism of membrane permeabilization by VP5 and membrane fusion by viral fusion proteins require similar structural features and conformational changes.
Estimating household natural gas consumption with multiple regression: Effect of cycle (2013)

Estimating natural gas consumption is important at energy sector. With this purpose different prediction methods are used. One of these methods is multiple linear regression method which is used in a wide range of applications In this study, multiple linear regression method was used for estimation of gas consumption and effects of cycle were examined. To examine the cycle, the data were divided into 6 pieces. Each piece of data was called as “Model”. The data which is included in these models were gathered from the same months of successive years. In addition a new model named, Model 7 was created by using all the data. Multicollinearity was removed when creating the models. Multiple linear regression method was applied to the models and the gathered results were compared by using mean absolute percent error. The Merged Model which was created by using predictive values of models for 2012 and Model 7 were compared. Mean absolute percent errors of Merged Model and Model 7 were 14.38% and 55.10% respectively.
Striatocapsular haemorrhage (2000)

Haemorrhages in the striatocapsular area, or striatocapsular haemorrhages (SCHs), have been regarded as a single entity, although the area is composed of several functionally discrete structures that receive blood supply from different arteries. We analysed the morphological and clinical presentations of 215 cases of SCHs according to a new classification method we have designed on the basis of arterial territories. SCHs were divided into six types: (i) anterior type (Heubner's artery); (ii) middle type (medial lenticulostriate artery); (iii) posteromedial type (anterior choroidal artery); (iv) posterolateral type (posteromedial branches of lateral lenticulostriate artery); (v) lateral type (most lateral branches of lateral lenticulostriate artery); and (vi) massive type. The anterior type (11%) formed small caudate haematomas, always ruptured into the lateral ventricle, causing severe headache, and mild contralateral hemiparesis developed occasionally. The outcome was excellent. The middle type (7%) involved the globus pallidus and medial putamen, frequently causing contralateral hemiparesis and transient conjugate eye deviation to the lesion side. About 50% of the patients recovered to normal. The posteromedial type (4%) formed very small haematomas in the posterior limb of the internal capsule and presented with mild dysarthria, contralateral hemiparesis and sensory deficit, with excellent outcome in general. The posterolateral type (33%) affected the posterior half of the putamen and posterior limb of the internal capsule and presented with impaired consciousness and contralateral hemiparesis with either language dysfunction or contralateral neglect. The outcome was fair to poor but there were no deaths. The lateral type (21%) formed large elliptical haematomas between the putamen and insular cortex. Contralateral hemiparesis with language dysfunction or contralateral neglect developed frequently but resolved over several weeks. The clinical outcome was relatively excellent except when the haematoma size was very large. The massive type (24%) formed huge haematomas affecting the entire striatocapsular area. Marked sensorimotor deficits and impaired consciousness, ocular movement dysfunctions including the 'wrong-way' eyes were observed quite frequently. The outcome was very poor with a case fatality rate of 81%. The clinico-radiological presentations suggested its origin was the same as the posterolateral type.
Novel security strategies for SRAM in powered-off state to resist physical attack (2009)

This paper presents two security strategies for resisting physical attack utilizing data remanence of SRAM in powered-off state. Secure circuits including power supply, power supply selector, powered-off detector, and erase or rewrite circuit are integrated into conventional SRAM to realize erase or rewrite operations and avoid being disassembled by attackers. Implemented with 0.25µm HHNEC CMOS technology, two SRAMs exploiting different strategies show data remanence is successfully eliminated or altered with only 4% and 5% power increased respectively.
Flexible Light-Weight Lithium-Ion-Conducting Inorganic–Organic Composite Electrolyte Membrane (2017)

A fast Li+-ion-conducting membrane is the key component behind successful performance of an aqueous or hybrid Li–air battery. Currently available ceramic ionic conductors are hardly scalable, difficult to seal, brittle, and electrochemically unstable against the commonly used catholytes. In this work, an easily scalable high-performance hybrid inorganic–organic membrane is realized that consists of NASICON-type Li1+xAlxGe2–x(PO4)3 (LAGP) as the fast ion-conducting ceramic filler within a high-stability polymer blend. The as-prepared hybrid membrane exhibits high ionic conductivity of 1.0 × 10–4 S cm–1 with chemical stability in both neutral and acidified lithium chloride solutions. Energy efficiency of >93% under a current density of 0.03 mA cm–2 for aqueous/hybrid Li–air batteries enabled by this hybrid anode-protecting membrane is demonstrated.
On Catalytic Preorganization in Oxyanion Holes: Highlighting the Problems with the Gas-Phase Modeling of Oxyanion Holes and Illustrating the Need for Complete Enzyme Models (2010)

Oxyanion holes play a major role in catalyzing enzymatic reactions, yet the corresponding energetics is frequently misunderstood. The main problem may be associated with the nontrivial nature of the electrostatic preorganization effect, without following the relevant formulation. That is, although the energetics of oxyanion holes have been fully quantified in early studies (which include both the enzymatic and reference solution reactions), the findings of these studies are sometimes overlooked, and, in some cases, it is assumed that gas-phase calculations with a fixed model of an oxyanion hole are sufficient for assessing the corresponding effect in the protein. Herein, we present a systematic analysis of this issue, clarifying the problems associated with modeling oxyanions by means of two fixed water molecules (or related constructs). We then re-emphasize the point that the effect of the oxyanion hole is mainly due to the fact that the relevant dipoles are already set in an orientation that stabilizes the TS charges, whereas the corresponding dipoles in solution are randomly oriented, resulting in the need to pay a very large reorganization energy. Simply calculating interaction energies with relatively fixed species cannot capture this crucial point, and considering it may help in advancing rational enzyme design.
Cerium fluoride, a new fast, heavy scintillator (1989)

The authors describe the scintillation properties of cerium fluoride CeF/sub 3/, a recently discovered, heavy (6.16 g/cm/sup 3/), inorganic scintillator. Its fluorescence decay lifetime, measured with the delayed coincidence method, is described by a single exponential with a time constant of 20+or-1 ns. The emission spectrum peaks at a wavelength of 340 nm, and drops to less than 10% of its peak value at 315 nm and 460 nm. When a 1-cm optical-quality cube of CeF/sub 3/ is excited with 511-keV photons, a photopeak with a 20% full width at half maximum is observed at approximately half the light output of a bismuth germanate (BGO) crystal with similar geometry. Also presented are measurements of the decay time and light output of CeF/sub 3/ doped with three rare-earth elements (Dy, Er, and Pr). The short fluorescence lifetime, high density, and reasonable light output of this scintillator suggest that it would be useful for applications where high counting rates, good stopping power, and nanosecond timing are important, such as medical imaging and nuclear science.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Design of millimeter-wave reconfigurable bandstop filter using CMOS-MEMS technology (2011)

The design of band reconfigurable CMOS-MEMS bandstop filter is proposed in this work. The stopband is switchable when driving comb-fingers mechanical structure to change the open-stub capacitance. The actuator is constructed by numerous parallel beams which are connected by a central pole to create a fishbone-like structure. Therefore, the static electricity force can be increased owing to multiple beams so that the driven voltage can be dramatically reduces. The measurement results show that the resonant frequency is tuned from 60 GHz to 50 GHz and isolation in both cases is better than 35 dB. This device was fabricated using TSMC 0.35-μm CMOS-MEMS process with chip size of 0.765×0.98 mm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup>.
Work Function Engineering of Graphene Electrode<i>via</i>Chemical Doping (2010)

In this work, we demonstrate that graphene films synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method can be used as thin transparent electrodes with tunable work function. By immersing the CVD-grown graphene films into AuCl(3) solution, Au particles were formed on the surface of graphene films by spontaneous reduction of metal ions. The surface potential of graphene films can be adjusted (by up to approximately 0.5 eV) by controlling the immersion time. Photovoltaic devices based on n-type silicon interfacing with graphene films were fabricated to demonstrate the benefit of an electrode with tunable work function. The maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) achieved was approximately 0.08%, which is more than 40 times larger than the devices without chemical doping.
Recombinant Human Interleukin-3 Induces Extramedullary Hematopoiesis at Subcutaneous Injection Sites in Cynomolgus Monkeys (1996)

Parenteral administration of recombinant hematopoietic growth factors has been sporadically associated with cutaneous complications, including injection site reactions in humans and nonhuman primates. In this study, subcutaneous injection sites were evaluated from 12 cynomolgus monkeys administered a recombinant human interleukin-3 (rhIL-3) at dose levels of 0, 70, or 700 micrograms/kg daily for 18 days. Monkeys administered rhIL-3 developed small (0.5-1-cm-diameter), firm nodules at the subcutaneous injection sites. Histologically, these nodules from 4 of 8 rhIL-3-treated monkeys contained trilineage extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) represented by precursors of myeloid, erythroid, and megakaryocytic series cells. The lineage of hematopoietic cells was confirmed by histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. Hematopoietic cells of myeloid and megakaryocytic lineages were more common than erythroid cells. Of myeloid cells, immature eosinophils were more common, which usually formed small sheets or clusters in the panniculus and deep dermis. This report describes, for the first time, the occurrence of cutaneous EMH at the injection sites of recombinant hematopoietic growth factors, which should be differentiated from inflammation. We believe the cutaneous EMH was the exaggerated pharmacologic effect of rhIL-3.
Do Conception Delays Explain Some Changes in Twinning Rates? (1970)

The probability of a twin birth depends strongly and almost equally on the age of the mother and on the number of children she has had. Even when these variables are held constant, the frequency of twinning varies between countries or geographic regions and between years or decades. This variation has been thought perhaps to result from economic and environmental factors, but another explanation can be suggested. Bulmer (1959) found that twins are frequent among the earliest conceptions after marriage. Eriksson and Fellman (1967) found twins to be frequent among illegitimate births and suggested that the mothers of twins conceive more easily than other women; in other words, that they are more fecundable. We can present some new evidence for this hypothesis, and we believe that high fecundability in the mothers of twins can account for variations in the twinning rate. Fig. 1 shows the wide range of twinning rates in the US white population, in different parts of the country and for three periods, centering on 1937, 1954 and 1964. The nine geographic divisions are shown in descending order according to the twinning rates in 1937. The two regions at the right, with the lowest rates in 1937, had nearly stable twinning rates over the three time periods. They are the oldest and most urban parts of the country.
Management information system of charging station for electric vehicle (EV) (2005)

The actual problems and requirements of charging station, especially for electric vehicle, are analyzed. This paper presents the design and implementation of a fully digital smart management information system of charging station for EV, which has been already installed in Xihuangzhuang bus-station of Beijing. The collected data show that the system can be easily applied to shift the charger to the optimum charging pattern as function of ambient temperature, voltage, current and time of day, which makes for short charge times, high charge efficiencies and improved battery cycle life. Furthermore, the system facilitates the charging station workers and the customers.
A genome‐wide identification of E2F‐regulated genes in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2003)

The completion of the Arabidopsis genomic sequence offers the possibility to extract global information about regulatory mechanisms. Here, we describe a data mining strategy in combination with gene expression analysis to identify bona fide genes regulated by the E2F transcription factor. Starting with a genome-wide search of chromosomal sites containing E2F-binding sites, we studied in depth two of the most abundant E2F-binding sites within the Arabidopsis genome and identified over 180 potential E2F target genes. Among them and in addition to cell cycle-related genes, we have also identified genes belonging to other functional categories, e.g. transcription, stress and defense or signaling. We have determined the expression levels of genes selected from different categories under two experimental situations. Using cultured cells partially synchronized with aphidicolin, we found that most potential E2F targets identified in silico show a cell cycle-regulated expression pattern with a peak in early/mid S-phase. In addition, we used Arabidopsis transgenic plants expressing a DP gene containing a truncated DNA-binding domain, which likely has a dominant-negative effect on AtE2Fa, b and c (also named AtE2F3, 1 and 2, respectively), which require DP for efficient DNA binding. Contrary to the up-regulation observed in early/mid S-phase-cultured cells, the expression of a large number of potential E2F targets was decreased in the transgenic plants. Our results strongly support that the RBR/E2F pathway plays a crucial role in regulating the expression of the genes identified in this study.
Introduction to finite elements in engineering (1991)

Fundamental concepts matrix algebra and Gaussian elimination one-dimensional problems trusses two-dimensional problems using constant strain triangles axisymmetric solids subjected to axisymmetric loading two-dimensional isoparametric elements and numerical integration beams and frames three-dimensional problems in stress analysis scalar field problems dynamic considerations preprocessing and postprocessing.
Electroactive Polymer with Oligoanilines in the Main Chain: Synthesis, Characterization and Dielectric Properties (2009)

Abstract An electroactive polymer with well‐defined oligoanilines in the main chain has been prepared by oxidative coupling polymerization. The detailed characteristics of the polymer were systematically studied by FT‐IR, 1 H NMR, GPC and XRD. Its electrochemical behavior was explored with UV‐Vis spectra and cyclic voltammetry showing that its intrinsic electroactivity was maintained and exhibited three distinct reversible oxidative states. Its electrical conductivity is about 3.91 × 10 −4 S · cm −1 in HCl‐doped form at room temperature. Furthermore, the polymer displays a dielectric constant of 48.4 and 13.6 at 10 and 1 MHz, respectively, mainly attributed to the improvement in delocalized charge density and electrical conductivity of the polymer by introduction of the conjugated oligoaniline segments. magnified image
An evaluation of priority consistency in protocol architectures (2002)

Workstations for digital audio and video applications must support predictable processing, presentation, and transmission of continuous media data while making efficient use of limited hardware resources. The authors present techniques for managing network resources and processing messages in a predictable fashion. Their solutions use a novel structure for the protocol processing software, and they examine several alternatives and discuss the engineering tradeoffs associated with each. Using simulation, they evaluate their protocol processing structures and show that the more sophisticated structures can improve the response time and predictability of time-constrained messages. The ideas presented in this paper can be applied to resource management in the operating system and to the structuring of application-level servers. The designers of gateway machines (for internetwork routing) which handle both time-constrained traffic and non-time-constrained traffic may also benefit from this study.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pegloticase and the patient with treatment-failure gout (2012)

Gout is an inflammatory arthritis characterized by sudden, painful inflammation. Gout can affect any joint in an asymmetric distribution. Gouty attacks may be isolated or can be followed by years of recurrent flares. Over time, elevated serum urate levels and tophaceous deposits can lead to deformity and disability from underlying bony erosion. The concept of 'treatment-failure gout' describes a unique population that has been either unable to tolerate allopurinol or who have not experienced normalization of serum urate levels on allopurinol. It is estimated that approximately 1-1.5% of the estimated 3-8 million people with gout in the USA have treatment-failure gout. Pegloticase is an US FDA-approved intravenous medication that is a mammalian recombinant uricase conjugated to monomethoxy polyethylene glycol. Two recent Phase III trials have found pegloticase to be effective in the management of treatment-failure gout. These studies also highlight safety concerns regarding the drug's immunogenicity.
Preparation of hybrid mesoporous silica luminescent nanoparticles with lanthanide(iii) complexes and their exhibition of white emission (2011)

We chose dipicolinic acid as a tridentate chelating unit featuring ONO donors to react with lanthanide(III) ions to yield tight and protective N(3)O(6) environments around the lanthanide(III) ions. We immobilized the lanthanide(III)-dipicolinic acid complexes on colloidal mesoporous silica with diameter smaller than 100 nm by a covalent bond grafting technique and obtained nearly monodisperse luminescent Eu-dpa-Si and Tb-dpa-Si functionalized hybrid mesoporous silica nanomaterials. These hybrid nanomaterials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, and photoluminescence spectroscopic techniques. The hybrid mesoporous silica nanoparticles exhibit intense emission lines upon UV-light irradiation, owing to the effective intramolecular energy transfer from the chromophore to the central lanthanide Eu(3+) and Tb(3+) ions. Furthermore, the functionalized nanomaterials can be turned to white light materials after annealing at high temperature.