gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Volatile Components of a Chicken Feather Hydrolysate that is Highly Attractive to the West Indian and Mexican Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)2 (1997)

A chicken feather hydrolysate prepared by heating feathers with 6N hydrochloric acid was highly attractive to the West Indian fruit fly, Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart), and the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew). In cage-top laboratory tests to determine the influence of pH on attraction, chicken feather hydrolysate, adjusted to pH 8.0, elicited the greatest response from adult A. obliqua; the attraction response was more than twice that observed for a 10% NuLure® (Miller Chemical and Fertilizer Corp., Hanover, PA) standard. Neutral or slightly acidic preparations of chicken feather hydrolysate were less effective. While A. ludens was less attractive in the laboratory tests to a 25% chicken feather hydrolysate than a 10% NuLure standard, A. obliqua appeared slightly more attracted to the hydrolysate than NuLure, but not significantly. In a 5-day field test using sterile released A. ludens, 4.5% chicken feather hydrolysate, adjusted to pH 8.0, caught almost 2.5 times more flies than 10% NuLure. Twenty-three volatile compounds that emanated from chicken feather hydrolysate were identified by headspace analysis using GC-MS and GC retention index comparison techniques. Among the volatiles were 7 ketones, 6 alcohols, 2 aldehydes, 2 chlorocarbons and 2 furans. At pH 8.0, the five most abundant compounds in decreasing order were 4-methyl-2-pentanone (76.3%), 4-methyl-2-pentanol (16.5%), 1-hexanol (3.1%), 1-heptanol (0.81%) and 2-butoxyethanol (0.64%).
Head-Impact–Measurement Devices: A Systematic Review (2017)

Measurements collected by impact monitors provided real-time data to estimate player exposure but did not have the requisite sensitivity to concussion. Proper interpretation of previously reported head-impact kinematics across age, sport, and position may inform future research and enable staff clinicians working on the sidelines to monitor athletes. However, head-impact-monitoring systems have limited clinical utility due to error rates, designs, and low specificity in predicting concussive injury.
An Entity-Centric Approach for Privacy and Identity Management in Cloud Computing (2010)

Entities (e.g., users, services) have to authenticate themselves to service providers (SPs) in order to use their services. An entity provides personally identifiable information (PII) that uniquely identifies it to an SP. In the traditional application-centric Identity Management (IDM) model, each application keeps trace of identities of the entities that use it. In cloud computing, entities may have multiple accounts associated with different SPs, or one SP. Sharing PIIs of the same entity across services along with associated attributes can lead to mapping of PIIs to the entity. We propose an entity-centric approach for IDM in the cloud. The approach is based on: (1) active bundles-each including a payload of PII, privacy policies and a virtual machine that enforces the policies and uses a set of protection mechanisms to protect themselves, (2) anonymous identification to mediate interactions between the entity and cloud services using entity's privacy policies. The main characteristics of the approach are: it is independent of third party, gives minimum information to the SP and provides ability to use identity data on untrusted hosts.
Effects of Targeted Grazing and Prescribed Burning on Community and Seed Dynamics of a Downy Brome (<i>Bromus tectorum</i>)–Dominated Landscape (2012)

Abstract Downy brome ( Bromus tectorum L.)—dominated communities can remain as stable states for long periods, even with frequent disturbance by grazing and fire. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of using targeted cattle grazing and late-season prescribed burning, alone and in combination, to reduce B. tectorum seed bank input and seed bank density and thus alter aboveground community dynamics (species composition) on a B. tectorum –dominated landscape in northern Nevada. Cattle removed 80 to 90% of standing biomass in grazed plots in May of 2005 and 2006 when B. tectorum was in the boot (phenological) stage. Grazed and ungrazed plots were burned in October 2005 and 2006. The combined grazing–burning treatment was more effective than either treatment alone in reducing B. tectorum seed input and seed bank density, and in shifting species composition from a community dominated by B. tectorum to one composed of a suite of species, with B. tectorum as a component rather than a dominant. This study provides a meso-scale precursor for landscape-scale adaptive management using grazing and burning methodologies.
Samarium(II) Iodide-Mediated Intramolecular Conjugate Additions of α,β-Unsaturated Lactones (2002)

Samarium(II) iodide, in the presence of catalytic amounts of nickel(II) iodide, has been used to promote intramolecular conjugate additions of alkyl halides onto alpha,beta-unsaturated lactones. This process has been shown to be applicable to a number of alpha,beta-unsaturated lactones, including tetrasubstituted olefins, and has been demonstrated to be quite general for the formation of saturated bicyclic and tricyclic lactones. The method presented herein provides a mild, efficient process to form structurally complex lactones from simple precursors.
Phase-Tunable Low-Loss, $S$-, $C$-, and $L$-Band DPSK and DQPSK Demodulator (2007)

Differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) and differential quadrature phase-shift keying (DQPSK) are touted as performers and reliable advanced modulation formats for next-generation optical transmission systems. One key device enabling such systems is the delay interferometer, converting the signal phase information into intensity modulation to be detected by the photodiodes. We developed an all-fiber delay-line interferometer for DPSK and DQPSK demodulation in the S-, C-, and L-band with low insertion loss, low-birefringence, and greater than 30 dB of extinction ratio over 100 nm and 20 dB from 1460 to 1640 nm in a single device. The device also features insensitivity to mechanical vibration, very low port imbalance (0.1 dB), and very low time delay between all outputs (0.1 ps). The device is highly reliable with a demonstrated failure-in-time rate of less than 100.
Direct Measurement of Interactions between Tethered Poly(ethylene glycol) Chains and Adsorbed Mucin Layers (2002)

Direct force measurements were used to investigate the interactions between grafted poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (Mw 2000) and both adsorbed and soluble bovine submaxillary gland mucin. These measurements show that both soluble and adsorbed mucin adhere weakly to the grafted PEG layers. Soluble mucin mediates a concentration-dependent, bridging attraction between the PEG films. Similarly, PEG adheres to adsorbed mucin layers in both the presence and absence of 0.2 mg/mL mucin solutions. The heteropolymer attraction is pH dependent, with the adhesion being substantially higher at pH 2 than at pH 7.2. The latter suggests that hydrogen-bonding interactions are responsible for binding. The weaker mucin interactions at pH 7.2, however, allow for PEG-coated surfaces to adhere to surface-bound mucin in the presence of soluble mucin. Such characteristics are particularly desirable for coatings for oral drug carriers.
Targeting PKC in multiple myeloma: in vitro and in vivo effects of the novel, orally available small-molecule inhibitor enzastaurin (LY317615.HCl) (2006)

In multiple myeloma (MM) protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathways have been implicated in cell proliferation, survival, and migration. Here we investigated the novel, orally available PKC-inhibitor enzastaurin for its anti-MM activity. Enzastaurin specifically inhibits phorbol ester-induced activation of PKC isoforms, as well as phosphorylation of downstream signaling molecules MARCKS and PKCmu. Importantly, it also inhibits PKC activation triggered by growth factors and cytokines secreted by bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), costimulation with fibronectin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), or interleukin-6 (IL-6), as well as MM patient serum. Consequently, enzastaurin inhibits proliferation, survival, and migration of MM cell lines and MM cells isolated from multidrug-resistant patients and overcomes MM-cell growth triggered by binding to BMSCs and endothelial cells. Importantly, strong synergistic cytotoxicity is observed when enzastaurin is combined with bortezomib and moderate synergistic or additive effects when combined with melphalan or lenalidomide. Finally, tumor growth, survival, and angiogenesis are abrogated by enzastaurin in an in vivo xenograft model of human MM. Our results therefore demonstrate in vitro and in vivo efficacy of the orally available PKC inhibitor enzastaurin in MM and strongly support its clinical evaluation, alone or in combination therapies, to improve outcome in patients with MM.
Motivational Effects of Empowerment on Employees’ Organizational Commitment (2011)

Although studies have suggested that employee empowerment has a motivational effect on organizational commitment, the conceptual explanation and the factors that influence this relationship remain unexplored. To fill that gap, this study examines the mediating role of management trustworthiness in the relationship between empowerment and commitment, based on a survey of 330 employees in twenty-nine upscale hotel restaurants in Seoul, South Korea. A test of the model in this study finds that management trustworthiness fully mediates the relationship between influence, a dimension of empowerment, and organizational commitment while it partially mediates between attitude, another dimension of empowerment, and commitment. One implication is that managers can empower employees as a demonstration of the value the firm places its workers. Empowerment can support the notion of management trustworthiness, which is an essential element of organizational commitment.
Commercial helium permeation leak standards: Their properties and reliability (1996)

Standard leaks or leak artifacts are used extensively in industrial and research environments, typically for the calibration of helium leak detectors. The most commonly used leak is the helium permeation type, which uses a glass, quartz, or polymer barrier to restrict the flow of helium via diffusion. Physical leaks, on the other hand, use a physically restrictive element to limit the flow. This article will discuss the properties and reliability of helium permeation standard leaks, based on eight years of accumulated calibration data. Physical helium leaks will not be discussed since relatively few have been calibrated at the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
Low-to-high b value DWI ratio approaches in multiparametric MRI of the prostate: feasibility, optimal combination of b values, and comparison with ADC maps for the visual presentation of prostate cancer (2018)

We presented an analytical method for searching for the optimal combination of high and low b values for DWI ratio images in terms of minimizing CNR between cancer and surrounding benign tissues. Optimized DWI ratio images are comparable both quantitatively and qualitatively to ADC maps for the interpretation of DWI data in the context of prostate mpMRI.
Biochemical and Functional Characterization of a Metalloprotease from the Thermophilic Fungus<i>Thermoascus aurantiacus</i> (2009)

Protease production was carried out in solid state fermentation. The enzyme was purified through precipitation with ethanol at 72% followed by chromatographies in columns of Sephadex G75 and Sephacryl S100. It was purified 80-fold and exhibited recovery of total activity of 0.4%. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated an estimated molecular mass of 24.5 kDa and the N-terminal sequence of the first 22 residues was APYSGYQCSMQLCLTCALMNCA. Purified protease was only inhibited by EDTA (96.7%) and stimulated by Fe(2+) revealing to be a metalloprotease activated by iron. Optimum pH was 5.5, optimum temperature was 75 degrees C, and it was thermostable at 65 degrees C for 1 h maintaining more than 70% of original activity. Through enzyme kinetic studies, protease better hydrolyzed casein than azocasein. The screening of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) peptide series derived from Abz-KLXSSKQ-EDDnp revealed that the enzyme exhibited preference for Arg in P(1) (k(cat)/K(m) = 30.1 mM(-1) s(-1)).
Manipulating atomic velocities using diode lasers (1986)

We have used counterpropagating radiation from a diode laser to cool and stop a beam of cesium atoms. The laser frequency was chirped to keep it in resonance with the slowing atoms. The same laser was used to probe the resulting velocity distributions. We have cooled more than 1010 atoms/sec to a temperature of 1 K. This is an extremely simple and inexpensive way to manipulate atomic velocities and has a wide range of possible applications.
Perceptually Dithered HDR for 8bit Interfaces (2020)

This paper explores the performance of applying dither when quantizing High Dynamic Range (HDR) achromatic images to lower bit depths. We found that by applying “perceptual dither”, or dither in the ITU-R BT.2100 IC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P</sub> color representation, it is possible to reduce the bit-depth necessary for visually consistent reproduction by 2bits. We conclude that by using perceptual dithering, it is possible to achieve the precision of a 10bit source signal with only 8bits, or the precision of a 12bit source signal with only 10bits.
Bayesian Risk Modification for Seismic Anomalies and Multiple Segment Prospect (2012)

It is well understood that anomaly information such as a flat spot, conformance, AVO, boosts the chance of success (COS) of an exploration target. Similarly, lack of anomaly information, when expected, attenuates the COS of the target. However, what happens when a prospect is composed of multiple targets (zones, compartments) with differential anomaly information? This paper presents a methodology that captures the intuitive notion that the aggregate effect of anomaly indicators at the target level depends on the degree of risk dependency between the discrete targets in the prospect. If the targets are relatively risk independent, then the prospect level COS will be a direct consequence of risk modification at the target level. On the other hand, if there is significant risk dependency, then the aggregate effect can be a relatively stronger boost or a significant attenuation depending on whether the signatures are consistent or mixed.
Retinal limits to the detection and resolution of gratings (1987)

The maximum spatial frequency for the detection and resolution of sinusoidal gratings was determined as a function of stimulus location across the visual field. Stimuli were produced directly on the retina as interference fringes, thus avoiding possible loss of image quality, which may occur when the optical system of the eye is used to form the retinal image. Contrary to earlier reports, we found that subjects could detect gratings with spatial frequencies much higher than the resolution limit. At 5 degrees of eccentricity from the fovea, the detection limit was about three times the resolution limit, and this factor increased to about 10 as the test stimulus was moved 35 degrees into the periphery. Quantitative comparison of the data with retinal anatomy and physiology suggests that pattern resolution is limited by the spacing of primate beta (midget) retinal ganglion cells, whereas pattern detection is limited by the size of individual cones.
Chitosan–alginate as scaffolding material for cartilage tissue engineering (2005)

Tissue compatibility of chitosan-alginate scaffolds was studied in vitro in terms of cell morphology, proliferation, and functionality using HTB-94 cells. The scaffold has an interconnected 3D porous structure, and was fabricated by thermally induced phase separation followed by freeze drying. Cell proliferation on the chitosan-alginate scaffold was found to be faster than on a pure chitosan scaffold. After cell culture for 2 weeks in vitro, the cells on the chitosan scaffold gradually assumed a fibroblast-like morphology while the cells on the chitosan-alginate scaffold retained their spherical morphology throughout the period of study. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and Western blot assays for proteins extracted from cells grown on scaffolds indicated that production of cartilage-specific collagen type II, a marker for chondrocytic phenotype, increased from week 2 to week 3 on the chitosan-alginate scaffold but decreased on the chitosan scaffold. This study suggested that chitosan-alginate scaffolds promote cell proliferation, enhance phenotype expression of HTB-94 chondrocytes, and may potentially serve as an improved alternative to chitosan scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering.
Radiation fields of GaAs-(AlGa)As injection lasers (1974)

Theoretical radiation patterns from a multilayer model of a dielectric waveguide are fitted to single mode experimental profiles of three symmetrical double-heterojunction cavities to test the adequacy of the model and study the effect of the dielectric parameters on the beam pattern. The radiation from the normal TE modes is approximated by plane waves, while for the TM modes it is given by boundary value solutions of the Maxwell equations. The adequacy of the theory is shown by the faithfulness of the fit out to large beam angles and low intensities, and the agreement of the adjusted cavity parameters to the experimental values. Small changes in either the cavity thickness or the dielectric constant of the internal n-type region have similar first order effects on the angular position of the minima in the profile as well as in the amplitude of the sidelobes. Depths of the minima decrease with departures of the structure from planarity. Pattern distortion from mode coupling at the interfaces and facets is not observed.
Studies on the plasma membrane of normal and psoriatic keratinocytes. 5. Lectin binding (1982)

The glycocalyx of epidermal keratinocytes from psoriatic patients has been investigated by means of lectins. Striking changes were found in the levels of glucose and/or mannose (concanavalin A) and of N-acetylglucosamine and/or sialic acid (wheat germ agglutinin) on the surface of cells from the psoriatic lesion. Smaller but significant changes were seen in the clinically uninvolved epidermis of the patient. A marked increase in the affinity of the cell surface for Ulex europus agglutinin (fucose-specific) confirms our previous reports of structural alterations in fucose-containing oligosaccharides in psoriasis.
Preferential Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Enrichment and Sphingomyelin Depletion Are Key Features of Small Dense HDL3 Particles (2007)

An elevated sphingosine-1-phosphate/sphingomyelin ratio is an integral feature of small dense HDL3, reflecting enrichment in sphingosine-1-phosphate, a key antiapoptotic molecule, and depletion of sphingomyelin, a structural lipid with negative impact on surface fluidity and LCAT activity. These findings further distinguish the structure and antiatherogenic activities of small, dense HDL.
Longitudinal analysis of changes in weight and waist circumference in relation to incident vasomotor symptoms: the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) (2016)

Concurrent BMI and waist circumference were positively related to incident VMS in early menopause and negatively related in late menopause. Maintaining healthy weight in early menopause may help prevent VMS.
Growth fractions and estrogen receptors in human breast cancers as determined in situ with monoclonal antibodies. (1987)

The growth fraction (GF) and estrogen receptor (ER) status of 76 cases of breast cancer were investigated on frozen sections of the same tissue block by immunostaining with monoclonal antibodies (Ki-67 and anti ER antibody). In 55 cases of this series, the ER status was also determined by standard biochemical methods. Our study revealed an inverse correlation between GF and ER status. This negative relationship was most significant when both variables were determined immunohistologically in the same tissue block and less significant when GF was analyzed by immunohistology and ER status by biochemical methods. These data suggest that the immunohistologically assessed ER values characterize the receptor status of a given carcinoma better than the biochemical values, which leads to the conclusion that the immunohistologically determined close negative relationship between GF and ER reflects the actual in vivo situation of a given breast carcinoma case. However, the immunohistologic analysis also revealed that there is a proportion of exceptional cases, ie, those with a positive ER status and a large or moderately large GF. Because only half of the ER-positive breast carcinomas respond to endocrine therapy with objective remission., it is hypothesized that it might be preferentially these mentioned exceptional cases that fail to positively respond to endocrine treatment protocols.
Phase control of absorption in large polyatomic molecules (1996)

The phenomenon of interference of the amplitude for absorption of one photon of frequency 3ω and the amplitude for absorption of three photons of frequency ω was theoretically predicted by Shapiro, Hepburn, and Brumer. The interference was demonstrated experimentally by varying the relative phase between the tripled frequency photon and three photons with the fundamental frequency by the groups of Elliott and Gordon in atoms and small molecules. In order to see how general this phenomenon is, five compounds were studied, ammonia, trimethylamine, triethylamine, cyclooctatetraene, and 1,1-dimethylhydrazine. CH3I was used as the tripling gas for light in the range 604–600 nm. Interference was observed in all cases. The last four compounds have low ionization potentials and interference was observed between a 3+1 and a 1+1 ionization process with a maximum modulation of 22%. NH3 with a higher ionization potential requires absorption of 3+2 or 1+2 photons and exhibits a maximum modulation of 33%. We conclude that molecular size is no obstacle and that as long as a molecule has sufficiently strong absorption at the tripled frequency, and sufficient vapor pressure, and the laser fundamental beam is very strong, phase control of interference is observable.
Inheritance of Floral Characteristics Influencing Outcrossing in Rice (1974)

The genetics of three floral characters influencing outcrossing in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) was studied in a cross between Accession 100183 of wild rice ( Oryza sativa f. spontanea ) and the cultivar ‘IR8.’ A high percentage of exserted stigma, short anther, and short stigma were partially dominant. Both additive and nonadditive effects were important in the inheritance of these floral traits. The prevalance of a duplicate type of epistasis in their inheritance indicated that these traits may be improved through recurrent selection in biparental progenies which would allow recombination and concentration of genes with additive effects. The percentage of exserted stigma was positively correlated with stigma length. Both traits were correlated positively with anther length.