gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physical Properties of Beeswax, Sunflower Wax, and Candelilla Wax Mixtures and Oleogels (2019)

Abstract To be able to tailor and optimize the physical properties of oleogels for various food applications, more information is needed to understand how different gelators interact. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the interactions between binary mixtures of beeswax (BW), candelilla wax (CLW), and sunflower wax (SFW) in pure form as well as in 5% wax oleogels made with soybean oil, in terms of their crystallization and melting properties, crystal morphology, solid fat content, and gel firmness. CLW:BW mixtures had eutectic melting properties, and oleogels from these mixtures with 40:60 to 90:10 CLW:BW were firmer compared to oleogels made with one wax. The main components in SFW and BW appeared to cocrystallize or crystallize at the same temperature, but nonlinear changes in melting point and solid fat content profile of oleogels prepared with the mixed waxes indicated that SFW dominated oleogel formation. In addition, oleogels prepared with mixtures of SFW and BW had lower firmness compared to oleogels prepared with one wax, indicating an incompatibility between the two waxes. The main wax components in SFW and CLW never cocrystallized, and low levels of CLW appeared to prevent SFW from forming a crystalline platelet network. This resulted in low firmness of oleogels made from mixtures of 90:10 to 60:40 SFW:CLW compared to oleogels prepared with one wax. However, the firmest oleogels of all mixtures were made from 10:90 SFW:CLW. Changes in gel firmness and melting properties with mixed wax oleogels were likely to be due to changes observed in the crystal size and morphology. In addition, the firmest gels were shown to result from mixtures that were predicted to have >40% hydrocarbon content, and a high hydrocarbon to wax ester ratio, but minor components such as free fatty acids and fatty alcohols may have also influenced firmness.
Investigation of Thermal Management and Metamaterials (2010)

Abstract : Thermal metamaterials are materials composed of engineered, microscopic structures that exhibit unique thermal performance characteristics based primarily on their physical structures and patterning, rather than just their chemical composition or bulk material properties. The heat transfer performance attributes of the thermal metamaterial are such that similar performance cannot be obtained using conventional materials or compounds. Thermal metamaterials are an emerging technology, and are just now beginning to be acknowledged and developed by the microelectronics and material sciences community. This thesis effort analyzed the current state of thermal metamaterial research, examined the physics and theory of heat transfer and electrical conductivity in thin film microelectronic designs, and then developed, modeled, fabricated, and characterized a series of ten proof-of-concept thermal metamaterial devices. Modeling and testing of these microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) based thermal metamaterial prototypes showed that the electrical and thermal conductivity of the devices can be switched within a certain operational range, and that this switching is a function of actuation of the metamaterial?s structural elements, not just its chemical composition. In addition, this thesis presented the physics and fundamental principles of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). This background work supported later detailed description of a series of prototype CNT braided ropes. The diameter, electrical resistivity and conductivity, and heat transfer characteristics of these CNT braided rope prototypes was determined. These unique prototypes exhibited performance attributes that should prove useful to future thermal metamaterial designs.
Acute Neurotoxicity of Domoic Acid in the Rat (1990)

A recent outbreak of human food poisoning, characterized by severe gastrointestinal and neurologic abnormalities, with a fatal outcome in 3 patients, was attributed to the consumption of poisonous mussels containing domoic acid at an abnormally high concentration. The purpose of the present study was to determine if domoic acid, a glutamate analogue extracted from poisonous mussel, was neurotoxic to rats. Groups of female Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed once intraperitoneally with 0, 1, 2, 4, or 7.5 mg domoic acid/kg of body weight and observed for a maximum period of 24 hr. Clinically, control rats and rats in the 1 mg/kg group were unremarkable. Seventy-five percent of the animals in the 2 mg/kg group had equivocal transient behavioral signs. One that was given 2 mg/kg and all rats given in excess of 4 mg/kg of body weight developed unequivocal behavioral and neurologic signs culminating in partial seizures and status epilepticus. Histopathologically, severely affected rats developed selective encephalopathy characterized by neuronal degeneration and vacuolation of the neuropil in the limbic and the olfactory systems, and retinopathy characterized by neuronal hydropic degeneration of the inner nuclear layer and vacuolation of the external plexiform layer. The results of this study suggest that domoic acid is excitotoxic and causes a characteristic syndrome with clinical signs and histopathologic lesions similar to those reported for kainic acid.
Synthesis and electrochemistry of cyclopentadienylcarbonyliron tetramer: An advanced experiment (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and electrochemistry of cyclopentadienylcarbonyliron tetramer: An advanced experimentA. J. White and Alice J. Cunningham Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1980, 57, 4, 317Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1980Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 April 1980Published inissue 1 April 1980https://doi.org/10.1021/ed057p317RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views190Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Multiple Myeloma and Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance: Importance of Whole-Body versus Spinal MR Imaging (2009)

Whole-body MR imaging has potential for use in the initial work-up of patients with MGUS or MM, since almost one-half of all observed lesions would have been missed by using spinal MR imaging only and clinical parameters could not exclude the presence of extra-axial lesions.
Endotoxin as a therapeutic target in septic shock. (1993)

Endotoxin initiates a broad inflammatory response in mammals that has many similarities to de novo septic shock in patients. The presumed role of endotoxin in septic shock has led to the investigation of antiendotoxin therapies for the treatment of this syndrome. However, a causative role for endotoxin in human septic shock has not been established. Recent information about the biochemistry of endotoxin, mechanisms of endotoxin-induced cell activation, and the pathogenesis of septic shock has provided insights useful to the development of new antiendotoxin agents, but also has raised concerns about the suitability of endotoxin as a therapeutic target. Definitive proof of the pathogenic importance of endotoxin in human septic shock will depend upon demonstrating that a putative antiendotoxin therapy has clinical efficacy.
The Measured Access Characteristics of World-Wide-Web Client Proxy Caches (1997)

The growing popularity of the World Wide Web is placing tremendous demands on the Internet. A key strategy for scaling the Internet to meet these increasing demands is to cache data near clients and thus improve access latency and reduce network and server load. Unfortunately, research in this area has been hampered by a poor understanding of the locality and sharing characteristics of Web-client accesses. The recent popularity of Web proxy servers provides a unique opportunity to improve this understanding, because a small number of proxy servers see accesses from thousands of clients. This paper presents an analysis of access traces collected from seven proxy servers deployed in various locations throughout the Internet. The traces record a total of 47.4 million requests made by 23,700 clients over a twenty-one day period. We use a combination of static analysis and trace-driven cache simulation to characterize the locality and sharing properties of these accesses. Our analysis shows that a 2- to 10-GB second-level cache yields hit rates between 24 % and 45 % with 85 % of these hits due to sharing among different clients. Caches with more clients exhibit more sharing and thus higher hit rates. Between 2 % and 7 % of accesses are consistency misses to unmodified objects, using the Squid and CERN proxy cache coherence protocols. Sharing is bimodal. Requests for shared objects are divided evenly between objects that are narrowly shared and those that are shared by many clients; widely shared objects also tend to be shared by clients from unrelated traces. 1
<i>Citrus aurantium</i>, an Ingredient of Dietary Supplements Marketed for Weight Loss: Current Status of Clinical and Basic Research (2004)

Seville orange (Citrus aurantium) extracts are being marketed as a safe alternative to ephedra in herbal weight-loss products, but C. aurantium may also have the potential to cause adverse health effects. C. aurantium contains synephrine (oxedrine), which is structurally similar to epinephrine. Although no adverse events have been associated with ingestion of C. aurantium products thus far, synephrine increases blood pressure in humans and other species, and has the potential to increase cardiovascular events. Additionally, C. aurantium contains 6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin and bergapten, both of which inhibit cytochrome P450-3A, and would be expected to increase serum levels of many drugs. There is little evidence that products containing C. aurantium are an effective aid to weight loss. Synephrine has lipolytic effects in human fat cells only at high doses, and octopamine does not have lipolytic effects in human adipocytes.
Notizen: Cyclopentadienyl-vanadin-tetracarbonyl (1954)

Durch Grignardierung von VCl 4 mit C 5 H 5 MgBr im Überschuß wurde leicht flüchtiges, paramagnetisches, violettes Di-cyclopen-tadienyl-vanadin V(C 5 H 5 ) 2 erhalten. Es geht bei Behandlung mit CO unter geeigneten Bedingungen in sublimierbares, diamagnetisches, oranges (CsHs)V(CO)4 über.
THE LINEAR ACCELERATOR INJECTOR FOR THE AGS (1960)

The linear accelerator that is described is to be used as a proton injector for the Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS). The acceptance requirements of the AGS will therefore determine the specifications of the injection system. The injection system must supply a pulse of protons 7 mu long, having an energy of 50 Mev plus or minus 2% and an angular spread of less than approximately 2 milliradians; it should contain at least 10/sup 11/ protons. A cold cathode hydrogen discharge supplies the initial protons to be accelerated. The preinjector, which is a Cockcroft-Walton 5-stage d-c power supply, accelerates the protons to an energy of 750 kev. This 750-kev beam is then injected into a linear accelerator, where its energy is increased to 50 Mev. The linear accelerator is a cylindrical r-f structure approximately 90 cm in diameter and 33 m long. containing 124 drift tubes through which the beam must pass. To focus the proton beam, pulsed quadrupole magnets are located inside the drift tubes. To tune the linear accelerator to the proper mode and establish the correct field pattern, various tuning devices and pickup probes are included in the structure. The over-all structure must then be temperatare-controlled tomore » within plus or minus 0.01 deg C. A 200-Mc-pulsed r-f source is used to excite the linear accelerator in a TM/sub 010/ mode. The r-f pulse has a peak power of 5 Mw, a width of 200 mu sec, and a repetition rate of 5 pps. The outputs of two separate amplifiers (each amplifier is a coaxial structure using a type TH 470 tube) are coupled together with a waveguide magic''T.'' The output arm of the - magic T is coupled to the linear accelerator with a 9-in. coaxial line. The linear accelerator can only accept protons during part of the r-f cycle. A buncher cavity is placed between the pre-injector and the linear accelerator, and its function is to pre-bunch the proton beam to match the en trance requirements of the linear accelerator. A debuncher is used at the output end of the linear accelerator to reduce the energy spread of the proton beam. (auth)« less
The role of JNK in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (2011)

The cJun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) signal transduction pathway has been implicated in the growth of carcinogen-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the mechanism that accounts for JNK-regulated tumor growth is unclear. Here we demonstrate that compound deficiency of the two ubiquitously expressed JNK isoforms (JNK1 and JNK2) in hepatocytes does not prevent hepatocellular carcinoma development. Indeed, JNK deficiency in hepatocytes increased the tumor burden. In contrast, compound JNK deficiency in hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells reduced both hepatic inflammation and tumorigenesis. These data indicate that JNK plays a dual role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. JNK promotes an inflammatory hepatic environment that supports tumor development, but also functions in hepatocytes to reduce tumor development.
Specific inhibition of <i>in vitro</i> lymphocyte transformation by an anti-pan T cell (gp67) ricin A chain immunotoxin. (1984)

Abstract The toxin A chain of ricin has been conjugated by a disulfide bond to a murine monoclonal antibody that recognizes the gp67kD antigen present on 95% of peripheral T lymphocytes. The immunotoxin retains both functions of its component parts: it binds to human peripheral blood lymphocytes, and it inhibits protein synthesis in a cellfree reticulocyte system. The immunotoxin has been evaluated for its ability to inhibit in vitro T lymphocyte transformation. In the presence of 20 mM NH4Cl, the immunotoxin decreases lymphocyte proliferation in response to phytohemagglutinin to less than 8% of untreated controls. The proliferative response in mixed lymphocyte culture and the development of allocytotoxic T cells is also dramatically inhibited by this immunotoxin. Monoclonal antibody alone does not inhibit these responses. Specificity of the immunotoxin has been established: the effect of the immunotoxin can be blocked by unconjugated monoclonal antibody, but not by a control monoclonal antibody that recognizes another T lymphocyte differentiation antigen or by a control monoclonal antibody that does not recognize human peripheral blood leukocytes. Treatment of human bone marrow cells with the immunotoxin preserves hematopoietic progenitor cells, as measured by granulocyte-macrophage, erythroid, and multipotential hematopoietic progenitor cell assays. These results indicate that an anti-pan T lymphocyte-ricin A chain immunotoxin is an effective agent against immunocompetent T lymphocytes in vitro, and may be an effective agent for use in clinical bone marrow transplantation.
Respiratory distress syndrome and birth order in premature twins (2001)

There is a significant increased risk of RDS associated with being the second born of premature twins, which appears to depend on gestation.
New zearalenone related macrolides and isocoumarins from an unidentified fungus (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew zearalenone related macrolides and isocoumarins from an unidentified fungusGeorge A. Ellestad, F. Maurice Lovell, Nancy A. Perkinson, Ronald T. Hargreaves, and William J. McGahrenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 12, 2339–2343Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00406a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00406a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views673Altmetric-Citations101LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of the isothermal curing process of UV-cured resin in terms of elasticity studied through micro-Brillouin light scattering (2016)

The isothermal curing process of two photopolymers were studied using micro-Brillouin spectroscopy, which is a powerful tool for probing the local elasticity of condensed matters. The Brillouin frequency shift and the half width of the longitudinal acoustic mode showed significant changes during curing under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, and became saturated after complete curing. These were closely correlated with the changes in the optical characteristics of the white light-emitting diodes, where the same photopolymers were used as a matrix for phosphor inclusion. These results indicate that micro-Brillouin spectroscopy may be an effective tool for monitoring the curing process of resins in various applications.
Kernel Regularized Least Squares: Reducing Misspecification Bias with a Flexible and Interpretable Machine Learning Approach (2013)

We propose the use of Kernel Regularized Least Squares (KRLS) for social science modeling and inference problems. KRLS borrows from machine learning methods designed to solve regression and classification problems without relying on linearity or additivity assumptions. The method constructs a flexible hypothesis space that uses kernels as radial basis functions and finds the best-fitting surface in this space by minimizing a complexity-penalized least squares problem. We argue that the method is well-suited for social science inquiry because it avoids strong parametric assumptions, yet allows interpretation in ways analogous to generalized linear models while also permitting more complex interpretation to examine nonlinearities, interactions, and heterogeneous effects. We also extend the method in several directions to make it more effective for social inquiry, by (1) deriving estimators for the pointwise marginal effects and their variances, (2) establishing unbiasedness, consistency, and asymptotic normality of the KRLS estimator under fairly general conditions, (3) proposing a simple automated rule for choosing the kernel bandwidth, and (4) providing companion software. We illustrate the use of the method through simulations and empirical examples.
IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra enhances tumour growth inhibition in mice receiving peptide vaccination and beta-(1-3),(1-6)-D-glucan. (2010)

Anakinra contributes to growth-inhibition of small tumours, presumably by blocking IL-1 as tumour growth-promoting factor rather than by facilitating an enhanced CTL response.
Consecutive Peierls distortions and high-pressure phase transitions in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>YH</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2010)

High-pressure phase transformations in ${\text{YH}}_{3}$ were investigated using the evolutionary algorithm for structural searches. A series of phase transformations are predicted with three lowest enthalpy phases identified. Two consecutive Peierls distortions within the hcp and fcc cells result into two low-pressure structures, the previously identified $P\overline{3}c1$ structure and a predicted $C2/m$ structure. The $P\overline{3}c1$ structure transforms to a $C2/m$ structure at 12 GPa and stabilizes to a fcc structure at 38 GPa. The predicted properties of the $C2/m$ structure agree well with experimental observation. At 200 GPa, the fcc structure transforms to a hcp structure. At 214 GPa, a transformation analogous to a Burgers deformation becomes more favored in the hcp form and this results in a stable $Cmcm$ structure.
Purification of adenovirus messenger ribonucleic acid by an aqueous polymer two-phase system (1976)

An aqueous polymer phase system containing 6.3% (w/w) dextran and 3.5% (w/w) poly(ethylene glycol) in 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8.0) was developed to select RNA-DNA hybrids from unhybridized RNA. The top phase of this phase system, which contains DNA and the RNA-DNA hybrids, can be used to purify adenovirus messenger RNA both early and late in the infectious cycle. The hybrids can be melted by heat in the top phase and the messenger RNA selected by oligo(dT)cellulose chromatography whereupon the polymers and the DNA percolate and the polyadenylated messenger RNA absorb to the column. The isolated messenger RNA appears to be almost quantitatively recovered at a purity from 70 to 90% depending on the concentration of the specific messenger RNA in the starting material. Early and late viral messenger RNA were selected on the complementary strands of adenovirus DNA according to this procedure.