gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Method for Stator Core Repair Reduces Core Losses and Repair Time (2006)

The steel laminations used in the stator core of electric motors and generators are electrically insulated from one another to reduce eddy-current losses. When a bearing failure results in friction between the rotor and stator, or a ground fault occurs, laminations are often fused together. Since traditional methods of core repair are labor-intensive, even moderate core damage may preclude economical repair in the few percent of motor failures with significant core damage. There is a new process that can restore the coreplate without dismantling the core, saving labor and eliminating the chance of unsatisfactory restack results. This chemical conversion process simultaneously etches interlaminar shorts and forms a durable coreplate with excellent electrical insulation. The potential benefits to industry, in terms of labor saved and reduced mean time to repair, are substantial. The cost to restack the stator core of a 5,000 kW machine can exceed $30,000 US, and require two weeks time. This new process can restore the core in less than one day
Quantitative association of vocal-tract and facial behavior (1998)

This paper examines the degrees of correlation among vocal-tract and facial movement data and the speech acoustics. Multilinear techniques are applied to support the claims that facial motion during speech is largely a by-product of producing the speech acoustics and further that the spectral envelope of the speech acoustics can be better estimated by the 3D motion of the face than by the midsagittal motion of the anterior vocal-tract (lips, tongue and jaw). Experimental data include measurements of the motion of markers placed on the face and in the vocal-tract, as well as the speech acoustics, for two subjects. The numerical results obtained show that, for both subjects, 91% of the total variance observed in the facial motion data could be determined from vocal-tract motion by means of simple linear estimators. For the inverse path, i.e. recovery of vocal-tract motion from facial motion, the results indicate that about 80% of the variance observed in the vocal-tract can be estimated from the face. Regarding the speech acoustics, it is observed that, in spite of the nonlinear relation between vocal-tract geometry and acoustics, linear estimators are sufficient to determine between 72 and 85% (depending on subject and utterance) of the variance observed in the RMS amplitude and LSP parametric representation of the spectral envelope. A dimensionality analysis is also carried out, and shows that between four and eight components are sufficient to represent the mappings examined. Finally, it is shown that even the tongue, which is an articulator not necessarily coupled with the face, can be recovered reasonably well from facial motion since it frequently displays the same kind of temporal pattern as the jaw during speech.
["Sensitive periods" in the systemogenesis of intraspecific aggression in rats]. (1990)

As a result of experiments conducted on male outbred white rats, approximate limits were established of two sensitive periods for the formation of intraspecies aggression of rats under the influence of contacts with the animals of the same age: sensitive period from 12th to 21st postnatal day for changing from playing behaviour into the aggressive one; and 40-60 days for differentiation of the aggressivity against the males and females. It was shown, that despite considerable change in the spectrum of aggressive reactions of early isolated rats towards intruders and low effect of these reactions, judging by response behaviour of intruders, these reactions were based on the emotionally-motivational state, typical for the formed aggressive behaviour. It was also found, that disturbances of the aggression formation in rats isolated in early age, were caused by deprivation of contacts with rats of the same age and not by general informational impoverishment of the environment where rat pups were bred.
Effect of Visual Display Unit Use on Blink Rate and Tear Stability (1991)

In the literature, there is evidence supporting the notion that visual display unit (VDU) use decreases the blink rate and possibly reduces the stability of the precorneal tear film. In this investigation the blink rate and tear stability were measured using noninvasive techniques, in relation to VDU use. In normal healthy subjects, the results show an average 5-fold drop in blink rate during VDU use but tear stability appears to be unaffected. During VDU use a significant relation was found to exist between the interval between blinks and the stability of the precorneal tear film.
Preparation and properties of monolithically integrated lenses on InGaAsP/InP light-emitting diodes (1982)

A simple chemical etching technique has been developed to prepare integrated lenses of the InP substrate material on InGaAsP/InP double-heterostructure Burrus-type diodes. By coupling lensed diodes with emitting regions 20 μm in diameter to graded-index fibres with a core diameter of 60 μm, an improvement in launching efficiency up to a factor of 3 compared to flat devices has been reproducibly achieved.
Characteristics of Cavotricuspid Isthmus–Dependent Atrial Flutter After Left Atrial Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation (2006)

CTI-dependent flutter that occurs after LA ablation of atrial fibrillation often has atypical ECG characteristics because of altered LA activation. In patients presenting with atrial flutter after LA ablation, entrainment mapping should be performed at the CTI even if the ECG is uncharacteristic of CTI-dependent flutter.
A Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Julolidine-9-carboxamide Derivatives and Their Conversion to Chalcogenoxanthones via Directed Metalation (2007)

9-formyljulolidine was oxidized via a microwave-assisted Willgerodt-Kindler reaction to the N-piperidine or N-morpholine julolidine-9-thioamide. 9-formyl-1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidine gave the corresponding N-piperidine tetramethyljulolidine-9-thioamide. The thioamides were converted to the corresponding carboxamides with trifluoroacetic anhydride. The amide group directed ortho-metalation in the julolidine system, but not in the tetramethyljulolidine system. The resulting anion was captured by dichalcogenide electrophiles. The resulting products were converted to chalcogenoxanthones with phosphorus oxychloride and triethylamine (POCl3/Et3N).
Nitrogen Monoxide Gas Sensing Properties of CuO Nanorods Synthesized by a Hydrothermal Method (2014)

We report the nitrogen monoxide (NO) gas sensing properties of p-type CuO-nanorod-based gas sensors. We synthesized the p-type CuO nanorods with breadth of about 30 nm and length of about 330 nm by a hydrothermal method using an as-deposited CuO seed layer prepared on a <TEX>$Si/SiO_2$</TEX> substrate by the sputtering method. We fabricated polycrystalline CuO nanorod arrays at <TEX>$80^{\circ}C$</TEX> under the hydrothermal condition of 1:1 morality ratio between copper nitrate trihydrate [<TEX>$Cu(NO_2)_2{\cdot}3H_2O$</TEX>] and hexamethylenetetramine (<TEX>$C_6H_{12}N_4$</TEX>). Structural characterizations revealed that we prepared the pure CuO nanorod array of a monoclinic crystalline structure without any obvious formation of secondary phase. It was found from the gas sensing measurements that the p-type CuO nanorod gas sensors exhibited a maximum sensitivity to NO gas in dry air at an operating temperature as low as <TEX>$200^{\circ}C$</TEX>. We also found that these CuO nanorod gas sensors showed reversible and reliable electrical response to NO gas at a range of operating temperatures. These results would indicate some potential applications of the p-type semiconductor CuO nanorods as promising sensing materials for gas sensors, including various types of p-n junction gas sensors.
FEDSS—A 2D semiconductor fabrication process simulator (1985)

The main features of the finite element semiconductor process simulator FEDSS are described, with emphasis on a recently added capability for generalized 2D oxidation with impurity redistribution in oxide and silicon. Examples are given that demonstrate the ability of the program to oxidize various structures using a model based on steady-state oxidant diffusion and incompressible viscous oxide flow. Impurity profiles and contours are also shown in both neutral and oxidizing ambients, along with several comparisons with data or with the program SUPREM II.
Fluids and barriers of the CNS establish immune privilege by confining immune surveillance to a two-walled castle moat surrounding the CNS castle (2011)

Neuronal activity within the central nervous system (CNS) strictly depends on homeostasis and therefore does not tolerate uncontrolled entry of blood components. It has been generally believed that under normal conditions, the endothelial blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the epithelial blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) prevent immune cell entry into the CNS. This view has recently changed when it was realized that activated T cells are able to breach the BBB and the BCSFB to perform immune surveillance of the CNS. Here we propose that the immune privilege of the CNS is established by the specific morphological architecture of its borders resembling that of a medieval castle. The BBB and the BCSFB serve as the outer walls of the castle, which can be breached by activated immune cells serving as messengers for outside dangers. Having crossed the BBB or the BCSFB they reach the castle moat, namely the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-drained leptomeningeal and perivascular spaces of the CNS. Next to the CNS parenchyma, the castle moat is bordered by a second wall, the glia limitans, composed of astrocytic foot processes and a parenchymal basement membrane. Inside the castle, that is the CNS parenchyma proper, the royal family of sensitive neurons resides with their servants, the glial cells. Within the CSF-drained castle moat, macrophages serve as guards collecting all the information from within the castle, which they can present to the immune-surveying T cells. If in their communication with the castle moat macrophages, T cells recognize their specific antigen and see that the royal family is in danger, they will become activated and by opening doors in the outer wall of the castle allow the entry of additional immune cells into the castle moat. From there, immune cells may breach the inner castle wall with the aim to defend the castle inhabitants by eliminating the invading enemy. If the immune response by unknown mechanisms turns against self, that is the castle inhabitants, this may allow for continuous entry of immune cells into the castle and lead to the death of the castle inhabitants, and finally members of the royal family, the neurons. This review will summarize the molecular traffic signals known to allow immune cells to breach the outer and inner walls of the CNS castle moat and will highlight the importance of the CSF-drained castle moat in maintaining immune surveillance and in mounting immune responses in the CNS.
Low power wide area machine-to-machine networks: key techniques and prototype (2015)

As one of the fastest growing technologies, machine-to-machine (M2M) communications are expected to provide ubiquitous connectivity. M2M devices can be used for a wide range of emerging applications that have various communications requirements. While M2M communications have been developed for many years, major challenges still remain with their efficient implementation from the perspective of low energy consumption and wide coverage. To address these challenges, low power wide area (LPWA) technology is investigated as one of the potential candidate solutions. In this article, we first introduce some typical LPWA M2M application scenarios. Given their requirements, we highlight key techniques and standards that are explicitly designed for LPWA M2M communications. Finally, we present an LPWA prototype system to evaluate its performance and demonstrate its potential in bridging a technological gap for future Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications.
Finely Tuned Temperature‐Controlled Cargo Release Using Paraffin‐Capped Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (2011)

Trapped: Mesoporous silica nanoparticles were loaded with a fluorescent guest and functionalized with octadecyltrimethoxysilane. The alkyl chains interact with paraffins, which build a hydrophobic layer around the particle (see picture). Upon melting of the paraffin, the guest molecule is released, as demonstrated in cells for the guest doxorubicin. The release temperature can be tuned by choosing an appropriate paraffin.
Strategically Timing Inhibition of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase to Maximize Therapeutic Index in Estrogen Receptor Alpha–Positive, <i>PIK3CA</i> -Mutant Breast Cancer (2016)

Continuous and metronomic PI3K inhibition elicits robust anticancer effects in ER(+), PIK3CA-mutant breast cancer. Clinical exploration of alternate treatment schedules of PI3K inhibitors with antiestrogens is warranted. Clin Cancer Res; 22(9); 2250-60. ©2016 AACRSee related commentary by Toska and Baselga, p. 2099.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Octaethyl-17-thiochlorin and Octaethyl-7,17-dithioisobacteriochlorin (1988)

Conversion of the octaethyl-11-oxochlarin and octaethyl-7.17-dioXoisobacterioch10rininto their thio and dithio analogs using Lawesson's reagent is reported.Spectroscopic data, along with X-ray crystallographic data for the dithio compound and its dloxo precursor, are reported.Porphyrins and porphyrin derivatives bearing sulfur containing substituents are rare.'-"order to have modified porphyrins to compare spectroscopically with sulfmyoglobin, an inactivated form of myoglobin formed by addition of sulfide to oxidized (ferry11 myoglobin,'-' we undertook to convert the 0x0 and dioxo porphyrins 1 and 2 into their thio counterparts 3 and ?.Because ttie unusual electronic absorption spectra found for 3 and f! cast some doubt on their identification, we have performed the detailed characterization reported here.
Signal-Directed Sequential Assembly of Biomolecules on Patterned Surfaces (2005)

The signal-guided and sequential assembly of biomolecules onto patterned surfaces is demonstrated. Readily transmittable electric signals are used to guide spatially selective deposition of the pH-responsive polysaccharide, chitosan, and functionalized chitosan conjugates, by generating localized pH gradients. The nucleophilic primary amine groups of chitosan enable facile conjugation of proteins and nucleic acids by two approaches, one an enzymatic approach and the other a standard chemical modification, thus providing flexibility when sequentially assembling biomolecules in a spatially selective manner. Moreover, we developed an agarose gel "biomask" for the sequential assembly of single-stranded DNA and confirmed its functionality through nucleic acid hybridization assays.
Distributed network monitoring and multicommodity flows (2007)

A canonical distributed optimization problem is solving a Covering/Packing Linear Program in a distributed environment with fast convergence and low communication and space overheads. In this paper, we consider the following covering and packing problems, which are the dual of each other:
Enzymatic synthesis of alkyl β‐<scp>D</scp>‐xylosides by transxylosylation and reverse hydrolysis (1994)

The Trichoderma reesei beta-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.37) is used to catalyze the production of alkyl beta-D-xyloside. Two general methods of production are tested and compared using the same enzyme: transglycosylation and reverse hydrolysis. Using both methods, primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols are studied as acceptors. In kinetically controlled process (transglycosylation), the chosen donor is methyl beta-D-xyloside and primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl alcohols are accepted. In the equilibrium-controlled synthesis, the donor is xylose whereas acceptors are only primary and secondary alcohols. The influence of the donor concentration is investigated in both processes. The yields of the kinetically controlled reactions are higher compared with those of the equilibrium-controlled synthesis. The specificity of the beta linkage is confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR) analysis. (c) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Josephson-CMOS interface circuits (1992)

We discuss the design of high-speed CMOS and Josephson amplifiers for integhcing Josephson circuits to low-temperature CMOS circuits. These circuits form important building-blocks of novel Josephson-CMOS interconnection circuits and memories.
Enhanced Sample Multiplexing for Nitrotyrosine-Modified Proteins Using Combined Precursor Isotopic Labeling and Isobaric Tagging (2012)

Current strategies for identification and quantification of 3-nitrotyrosine (3NT) post-translationally modified proteins (PTM) generally rely on biotin/avidin enrichment. Quantitative approaches have been demonstrated which employ isotopic labeling or isobaric tagging in order to quantify differences in the relative abundances of 3NT-modified proteins in two or potentially eight samples, respectively. Here, we present a novel strategy which uses combined precursor isotopic labeling and isobaric tagging (cPILOT) to increase the multiplexing capability of quantifying 3NT-modified proteins to 12 or 16 samples using commercially available tandem mass tags (TMT) or isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ), respectively. This strategy employs “light” and “heavy” labeled acetyl groups to block both N-termini and lysine residues of tryptic peptides. Next, 3NT is reduced to 3-aminotyrosine (3AT) using sodium dithionite followed by derivatization of light and heavy labeled 3AT-peptides with either TMT or iTRAQ multiplex reagents. We demonstrate the proof-of-principle utility of cPILOT with in vitro nitrated bovine serum albumin (BSA) and mouse splenic proteins using TMT0, TMT6, and iTRAQ8 reagents and discuss limitations of the strategy.
Active colloids with collective mobility status and research opportunities (2017)

The collective mobility of active matter (self-propelled objects that transduce energy into mechanical work to drive their motion, most commonly through fluids) constitutes a new frontier in science and achievable technology. This review surveys the current status of the research field, what kinds of new scientific problems can be tackled in the short term, and what long-term directions are envisioned. We focus on: (1) attempts to formulate design principles to tailor active particles; (2) attempts to design principles according to which active particles interact under circumstances where particle-particle interactions of traditional colloid science are augmented by a family of nonequilibrium effects discussed here; (3) attempts to design intended patterns of collective behavior and dynamic assembly; (4) speculative links to equilibrium thermodynamics. In each aspect, we assess achievements, limitations, and research opportunities.
Balancing mask and lithography costs (2002)

This paper describes a fundamental change in strategy to balance mask and lithography costs at a multi-technology, multi-part number IBM Microelectronics semiconductor fabricator. The strategy is to reduce mask costs by printing fewer chips in each exposure whenever it is cost effective to do so. This paper discusses the advantages and drawbacks of this strategy, describes ways to implement it with the least impact on lithography tool productivity, and shows how to calculate the cost trade-off between mask costs and lithography costs.
Force-balancing force sensor with an optical lever (1995)

Scanning force microscopes (SFMs) are sometimes used to obtain a force curve, which shows the force variation as a function of tip–sample distance. In the force curve measurement, if the spring constant of the force detecting lever is small, the measured force curve has discontinuity and is different from the true force curve. In this paper, we present a new type of force balancing force sensor built in SFM. This force sensor employs an optical lever for detecting the rotation of the lever and two electrostatic force actuators with transparent electrodes. This sensor has two operating modes; with and without feedback. In the feedback mode, the force detecting lever is balanced with the electrostatic force. This system has the effect of enlarging the effective spring constant of the whole sensor. In the nonfeedback mode, this sensor acts as an ordinary force sensor. By using this sensor in both modes we will show the effectiveness of the force feedback in force curve measurements.
Blood cyclosporin concentrations and the short‐term risk of lung rejection following heart‐lung transplantation. (1992)

1. The relationship between blood cyclosporin concentration (CyACb) and a patient's risk of organ rejection following heart-lung (HL) transplantation was investigated. 2. Longitudinal data were collected for 90 days post-operation for 31 HL transplant recipients. Following exploratory analysis, a multiple logistic regression model with a binary outcome variable representing presence or absence of lung rejection (as defined on biopsy findings and/or intention to treat) in the next 5 days was fitted to the data. 3. A significant interaction between time post-transplant and CyACb was found. During weeks 1-3, the relative risk (RR) of rejection per unit increase in log(e) (5-day mean CyACb) was reduced: RR = 0.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) = (0.12, 0.72). After 3 post-operative weeks, this trend was reversed: RR = 1.61, 95% CI = (0.96, 2.70). Increases in cyclosporin dose (CyAD) and in coefficient of variation (CV) for both CyAD and CyACb over the previous 10 days significantly increased the risk of rejection: RR per unit increase in log(e) (5-day mean CyAD) = 2.72, 95% CI = (1.18, 6.25); RR per increase of 10% (i.e. from, say, 20% to 30%) in the CV for CyAD = 1.20, 95% CI = (1.07, 1.36); RR if the CV for CyACb > 40% = 1.51, 95% CI = (1.01, 2.27). Administration of high dose steroids in the previous 5 days was found to protect against further rejection: RR if steroid treatment was given = 0.23, 95% CI = (0.13, 0.38).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Verdantium towards a Java-enabled compound document model (poster session) (2000)

Java Beans provides a robust mechanism for combining software components. However, to a large extent Java Beans components are currently not being combined to create documents in an environment such as a word processor or illustration program. This is not due to a weakness in the Beans property model, but rather to limitations in how Java Beans' user interfaces are currently implemented. Verdantium is a prototype Java-based API (for JDK 1.2.2 and above) for document embedding that takes a novel approach to implementing software components. This environment retains the property-based semantics from Java Beans, but implements different approaches for on-screen presentation, visual embedding, document printing, and persistence. Fully functional applications (i.e., word processors, illustration programs, equation editors, etc.) can be implemented as individual software components that can either run independently or be embedded in other applications using the same API.