gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tantalum Printed Capacitors (1959)

It has previously been considered either impossible or impractical to make tantalum oxide capacitors by applying a metal counter electrode directly to a tantalum oxide film. Attempts in this direction have led to either direct shorts or low breakdown strength. For this reason, it has been presumed that it was essential to use either an electrolyte or a semiconductor in the cathode structure. Using sputtered tantalum films as the base for the anodized oxide film, however, excellent results have been achieved employing evaporated metal counter electrodes. Many of the properties of units made in this way are superior to those of other types of tantalum capacitors. Capacitances obtained are comparable to the capacitance-area relationships for tantalum electrolytic capacitors formed to the same voltages. DC leakages, however, have been found to be much lower than values reported for those of tantalum electrolytic units. Another advantage is that these units are capable of withstanding higher voltages than will tantalum solid electrolytic capacitors formed to the same voltage. Indeed, voltages equal to the anodizing voltage may be maintained on the capacitor without impairment. Capacitors have also been produced with thin films of other anodizable metals, evaporated aluminum in particular. This type of capacitor should find many applications in the lower capacitance areas, and seems ideally suited for printed circuit applications.
Selection of proteins for human MHC class II presentation. (2005)

We investigated the predicted function of proteins eluded from human MHC class II molecules. Peptides that are presented by MHC class II were obtained from the SYFPEITHI database and the corresponding proteins were found in the SWISSPROT database. The functions of these proteins were predicted using the protfun server. Our analysis showed that human proteins presented by MHC class II molecules are likely to be in the cell envelope, be a receptor or involved in immune responses. Presented proteins from bacteria and virus, on the other hand, are more likely to be involved in regulatory functions, translation, transcription as well as replication. These results can lead to better understanding the autoimmunity and the response to infections.
Innovation Networks: How innovation can spread through formal and informal communication networks (2012)

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Stereoselective total synthesis of (−)-ovalicin (2010)

A new synthetic route for epoxyketone 3 is described, which is a key intermediate in Barton's synthesis of ovalicin (1), a powerful anti-angiogenetic inhibitor, from commercially available D-ribose. The key reactions involved in this synthesis are ring-closing metathesis, Rubottom oxidation and Corey-Chaykovsky epoxidation. The subsequent transformations are carried out according to Barton's strategy to complete the total synthesis of (−)-ovalicin.
Bis(.mu.-acetato)(.mu.-oxo)-bis(tris(pyridine)ruthenium(III)) ion: a ruthenium analog of the hemerythrin active center (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBis(.mu.-acetato)(.mu.-oxo)-bis(tris(pyridine)ruthenium(III)) ion: a ruthenium analog of the hemerythrin active centerYoichi. Sasaki, Masakazu. Suzuki, Ayako. Tokiwa, Masahiro. Ebihara, Tadashi. Yamaguchi, Chizuko. Kabuto, and Tasuku. ItoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 18, 6251–6252Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00226a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00226a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views228Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Study protocol: The Adherence and Intensification of Medications (AIM) study - a cluster randomized controlled effectiveness study (2010)

The ClinicalTrials.gov registration number is NCT00495794.
A 76-81GHz transmitter with 10dBm output power at 125 &#x00B0;C for automotive radar in 65nm bulk CMOS (2011)

A high power and wide tuning range CMOS-only transmitter (TX), composed of a VCO and a power amplifier, operating from -40°C to 125°C for 76-81GHz automotive radar is presented, and for the first time, demonstrates the feasibility of CMOS technology for automotive radar across the full automotive operating temperature range. Using a foundry-based 65nm bulk technology, high output power of 13.5dBm at 27°C and 10dBm at 125°C is demonstrated with a 1V supply. Output power variation across the operating temperature is about 4dB. It is achieved by merging two sets of transmission-line-based power matching network together for power combining at a single-ended output. A cross-coupled VCO together with a frequency doubler is used to provide more than 10GHz tuning range to cover process-voltage-temperature (PVT) variations. The 77GHz phase noise at the output is -87dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset. The overall power consumption is 420mW.
Innovative use potential of industrial residues from the steel, paper and pulp industries &ndash; a preliminary study (2010)

A more holistic approach to the utilisation of process industry residues is a major theme of current research. The beneficial utilisation of industrial residues, as a logical step towards the goal of sustainability through sustainable development, is crystallised within the concept of industrial symbiosis (IS). The reduction of environmental impacts, including CO2 emissions from industrial production by encouraging the utilisation of raw materials and process residues with smaller emission footprints is a current mitigation option. Through the lens of materials flow systems thinking provided by industrial symbiosis, we have arrived at fruitful research opportunities in steel, pulp and paper mill waste, by-product and residues' utilisation that can enhance the development of larger and more diverse industrial symbiosis systems. We present a literature review and rationale for the inter-industry utilisation of residues between the steel, pulp and paper sectors, proposing a spectrum of residue-based product concepts for further research.
Software radio measurements of Earth atmosphere's refractive indices (2011)

An atmosphere imaging device is being constructed to investigate its ability to measure the Earth atmosphere's three-dimensional (3D) refractive indices for use to help monitor climate change. With the recent advancements of Software Defined Radio (SDR) and Global Positioning Systems (GPS) with clocks having timers of 10 second precision, a method to three-dimensionally and continuously measure the Earth Atmosphere's refractive indices has been devised. The method is based upon the synchronous measurement of the time taken for a radio wave to travel from the source via the ionosphere to arrive at receivers place at known positions from the radio wave source. This method will allow us to measure small phase shifts between the receivers providing information on the propagation of the radio wave through the Earth's atmosphere, which is a function of the refractive indices within its multiple layers. Testing will help determine the full extent of the device's applicability. Although this device will measure locally, its placement at numerous locations could be used to help monitor the Earth's atmosphere over a large region and possibly globally, connected using current radio technology, enhancing our understanding of the magnitude and patterns of Earth's climate change.
Domain investigations: a select review (2003)

The author points out that practically all macroscopic properties of ferroelectrics are extensively influenced by their domain structures, though the mechanisms involved vary. He first surveys the role of domains, whether advantageous or detrimental, in practical devices. He then presents a review of recent progress in selected areas of research, namely, the role of ferroelasticity in the formation of domain structures (2-D and 3-D constraints), domain-wall-conditioned permittivity, and the high-field dielectric response of ferroelectric lock-in phases. Some areas for further investigation are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The synthesis of benzofuroquinolines. <b>IV</b>. Some halobenzofuro[2,3‐<i>B</i>]‐ and [3,2‐<i>C</i>]quinoline derivatives (1989)

Abstract Some 8‐ or 9‐halobenzofuro[2,3‐ b ]quinolines ( 1a , 8‐F, 8‐C1, 9‐F, 9‐Cl) and 9‐halobenzofuro[2,3‐ b ]quinoline‐11‐carboxylic acid ( 1b , F, Cl) were synthesized from 6‐ or 7‐halo‐3‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)‐2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydroquino‐line‐4‐carboxylic acids ( 3 ). And, some 9‐halo‐11(6 H )‐benzofuro[2,3‐ b ]quinolinone ( 8 , F, Cl, Br) and 2‐halo‐6(5 H )‐benzofuro[3,2‐ c ]quinolinone ( 9 , F, Cl, Br) were synthesized from 6‐halo‐4‐hydroxy‐3‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)‐2(1 H )‐quinolinone ( 7 ), and they were converted to the corresponding chlorohalobenzofuroquinolines ( 1c , 9‐F, 9‐C1, 9‐Br, and 2 , F, Cl, Br).
Visual Motion Integration for Perception and Pursuit (2000)

To examine the relationship between visual motion processing for perception and pursuit, we measured the pursuit eye-movement and perceptual responses to the same complex-motion stimuli. We show that humans can both perceive and pursue the motion of line-figure objects, even when partial occlusion makes the resulting image motion vastly different from the underlying object motion. Our results show that both perception and pursuit can perform largely accurate motion integration, i.e. the selective combination of local motion signals across the visual field to derive global object motion. Furthermore, because we manipulated perceived motion while keeping image motion identical, the observed parallel changes in perception and pursuit show that the motion signals driving steady-state pursuit and perception are linked. These findings disprove current pursuit models whose control strategy is to minimize retinal image motion, and suggest a new framework for the interplay between visual cortex and cerebellum in visuomotor control.
Isolation, Crystal and Solution Structure Determination, and Biosynthesis of Tubulysins—Powerful Inhibitors of Tubulin Polymerization from Myxobacteria (2004)

Myxobakterien können beides: Während ihre Epothilone das Tubulin-Cytoskelett stabilisieren und Mikrotubuli aufbauen, bewirken die jetzt aus Archangium gephyra und Angiococcus disciformis isolierten Tubulysine genau das Umgekehrte: Sie induzieren den Zerfall der Mikrotubuli und lösen bereits in pikomolaren Konzentrationen den Zelltod durch Apoptose aus. In ihrer Wirkung auf Zellkulturen übertreffen sie die aktivsten Epothilone um das 50fache. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2004/z460147_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Detection of Single-Base Mutations by Fluorogenic Ribonuclease Protection Assay (2005)

The ribonuclease protection assay is a generally applicable technique for the detection of known mutations. We have developed a simple and rapid method for mutation detection based on the ribonuclease protection assay using fluorescently labeled oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes. The fluorogenic ribonuclease protection (FRAP) assay uses two differently labeled oligodeoxyribonucleotides, a donor probe and an acceptor probe, to obtain a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) signal. We have utilized the FRAP assay for the detection of a single-base mutation in the YMDD motif of the hepatic B virus DNA polymerase gene. The occurrence of mismatch-selective RNA cleavage was successfully discriminated by measuring the FRET signal between the donor and acceptor probes. Moreover, mutation sensing was successfully visualized by a UV transillumination. This simple and rapid mutation sensing method should facilitate a high-throughput mutation analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Azide—Alkyne Cycloadditions (CuAAC): An Update (2015)

Abstract Review: [130 refs.
Work function based field effect devices for gas sensing (2005)

In comparison to state of the art microsensors for gas detection, which are mainly based on conductivity measurements, field effect devices exploiting the gas induced shift of a material's work function exhibit several superior features: Low power consumption and sensitivity to a wider range of adsorption mechanisms. A hybrid suspended design of the transistor gate, whose air gap permits the access of gas species to the inner surfaces, enables the incorporation of almost all groups of sensitive materials. The topic of this work is to report about design requirements concerning the silicon device structure, the hybrid gate and the mounting techniques.
Molecular Construction of <i>Clostridium botulinum</i> Progenitor Toxin (1975)

Molecular dissociation of purified type F progenitor toxin with an S20,W of 10.3 and a molecular weight of 235,000 into two components, toxic and atoxic, was demonstrated by ultracentrifugation, gel filtration, and diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex chromatography at pH 7.5. The ultracentrifugal analysis indicated that type F progenitor toxin dissociates into components of the same molecular size of 5.9S. The toxic component contained a toxicity of 2.5 times 10-8 50% lethal doses per mg of N. Much higher stability of progenitor toxin than that of derivative toxin, particularly at pH below 5, suggests that only progenitor toxin can act as an oral toxin.
Metal-binding peptides: Their role in responses to metal stress (1989)

Excess metals are one stress that plants may encounter. The metals Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn are considered because of concern for their entry into the foodchain of animals and man. Studies of metal tolerant plants and cell cultures suggest three types of responses: exclusion of metal from protoplasts by binding to cell walls, differential membrane transport reducing metal exposure of enzymes, and intracellular chelation of metal in innocuous forms. One group of compounds involved in the latter response are metal-binding peptides designated phytochelatins. They are a family of small peptides composed of five kinds of amino acids, including 2 to 11 cysteines which provide thiols for selective binding of metal. Metals induce the synthesis of phytochelatins through unknown enzymes involving glutathione. In plant cell cultures the peptides bind about 90% of the intracellular Cd. In roots of young plants up to half of the metal is bound by phytochelatins. Intact plants probably use a combination of responses to deal with excess metals, phytochelatins may dominate in certain cases.
The calcitonin receptor on T 47D breast cancer cells. Evidence for glycosylation (1983)

The glycosyl nature of the receptor for the peptide hormone calcitonin has been investigated in a human breast cancer cell line, T 47D. Studies have been carried out to assess the ability of various lectins and of the antibiotic tunicamycin to inhibit specific binding of calcitonin to the cells, to reduce cross-linking of photoactive calcitonin to a macromolecular receptor component and to influence calcitonin stimulation of cyclic AMP. Pre-incubation of cells with low concentrations of tunicamycin for 72 h resulted in a reduction of total specific binding by approx. 80% and a 40% reduction in calcitonin-stimulated adenylate cyclase; formation of the cross-linked receptor component was also inhibited. Wheat-germ lectin showed the most marked inhibition of total specific binding and cyclic AMP production. However, cross-linking of photoactive calcitonin to receptor component was totally inhibited by this lectin. Soya-bean lectin brought about very little reduction in total specific binding but had more profound effects on calcitonin-stimulated cyclic AMP production and cross-linking of photoactive calcitonin. Concanavalin A and lentil lectin showed some inhibition of all parameters. The data indicate that the calcitonin receptor in T 47D cells is associated with glycosyl moieties, the major contributors of which are N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues, but N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and mannose residues are also associated.
Recovery Directed Left Ventricular Assist Device: A New Concept (2000)

To promote cardiac recovery, we developed a recovery directed left ventricular assist device (RDLVAD) that consists of a valved apical conduit, an afterload controlling chamber (ACC), and a pump. We evaluated its efficacy by comparison with an ordinary LVAD. In each of six pigs with ischemia-induced heart failure, flow and pressure measurements were made while maintaining the total blood flow and arterial pressure equal in the two groups. RDLVAD was able to direct all the blood ejected from the LV into the ACC (0-15 mm Hg) but not into the aorta (73 mm Hg). In the ordinary LVAD, however, some ejection occurred into the aorta despite vigorous suction of the LV. Thus, RDLVAD increased DPTI/SPTI 2.3 times (p < 0.005) and decreased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure by 40% and maximum dP/dt by 20% (p < 0.05). Even the apical valve, at approximately half the diameter of the aortic valve, was able to allow all the blood ejected from the LV to enter the ACC. In one control group pig that achieved almost no ejection into the aorta, left ventricular relaxation and dilatation was extremely limited. RDLVAD may promote cardiac recovery by ensuring less LV work, a greater blood supply/demand ratio in the coronary circulation, and full ventricular relaxation.
The Subaperture Secondary Range Compression Algorithm for near space squint SAR (2013)

This paper discusses squint synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging in the near space platform and proposes an improved Secondary Range Compression (SRC) Algorithm, Subaperture Secondary Range Compression (SSRC) Algorithm. The key step is to use the subaperture approach in the SRC algorithm. First, the original signals are divided into subapertures in the azimuth direction of the time domain to image independently, and then the sub-bands of the frequency domain are combined to form the final SAR image. The method reduces coupling in the range and azimuth direction of the echo signal under the squint imaging mode, and addresses the problems of squint SAR in near space including overlong synthetic aperture and motion error. Simulation through point targets demonstrates the improvement in azimuth resolution, ISLR and PSLR, which verifies the effectiveness of this proposed SSRC algorithm in near space squint SAR imaging.
Design and simulation of a simple laser rangefinder using a semiconductor optical amplifier-detector (2005)

Using numerical simulations, we show that cross-gain modulation between pairs of counter-propagating pulses within a semiconductor optical amplifier can be used to detect the range and reflectivity of a target, forming a compact time-of-flight laser ranger. The range is deduced from multiple contacts along the SOA. The SOA also provides gain to the optical pulses reflected off the target. A single external component is required to provide pulses into back of the SOA, with the front of the SOA being directly coupled to the target.
X-RAY RADIOGRAPHY MEASUREMENTS OF DIESEL SPRAY STRUCTURE AT ENGINE-LIKE AMBIENT DENSITY (2009)

X-ray radiography has been used to examine the dependence of the near-nozzle fuel distribution of diesel sprays on injection pressure and ambient density. Measurements of sprays from two nozzles with different geometries, one extensively hydroground and the other minimally hydroground, have been obtained to show how nozzles of different geometries respond to changes in ambient density and rail pressure. The spray penetration near the nozzle demonstrates little dependence on ambient density, but a strong dependence on rail pressure. Comparison of these results with standard correlations in the literature show that in the near-nozzle region examined in this study, the penetration is expected to show little dependence on ambient density. The spray width becomes much larger for both nozzles as the ambient density increases. Rescaling the axial position by the square root of the density ratio between the fuel and the ambient gas accounts for the trends in spray width with ambient density for both nozzles. The radiography data can also be examined to determine the relative trends in the steady-state, mass-averaged axial velocity of the spray. The velocity decays more rapidly with axial distance as the ambient density increases. Rescaling the axial position also accounts for the trend of velocity decay with ambient pressure.
Fast and simple XML tree differencing by sequence alignment (2006)

With the advent of XML we have seen a renewed interest in methods for computing the difference between trees. Methods that include heuristic elements play an important role in practical applications due to the inherent complexity of the problem. We present a method for differencing XML as ordered trees based on mapping the problem to the domain of sequence alignment, applying simple and efficient heuristics in this domain, and transforming back to the tree domain. Our approach provides a method to quickly compute changes that are meaningful transformations on the XML tree level, and includes subtree move as a primitive operation. We evaluate the feasibility of our approach and benchmark it against a selection of existing differencing tools. The results show our approach to be feasible and to have the potential to perform on par with tools of a more complex design in terms of both output size and execution time.
Low-Energy Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy on YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7-y</sub> (1988)

Electronic structures of the high- T c superconductor YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7- y have been investigated by low-energy electron energy loss spectroscopy. Loss peaks due to interband transitions, plasmon excitation and core electron excitations have been observed. It has been found from the observed spectra that a high-density-of-state portion of the first conduction band is located at 2–4.7 eV above the Fermi level and that of the higher conduction band is located at around 10 eV above the first conduction band.