gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A fast median filter using AltiVec (2003)

The paper describes the design and implementation of a median filter for graphics images on the Motorola AltiVec architecture. The filter utilizes 16-way SIMD parallelism to filter images at rates of 1.15 cycles/pixel for 3/spl times/3 squares and 6.6 cycles/pixel for 5/spl times/5 squares. The median filter is based on a new sorting network which sorts N/sup 2/ numbers (arranged in an N/spl times/N square) by sorting all columns, rows, and diagonal lines in the square. The paper also describes a scheme for efficient testing of the sorting network.
<title>Fast switching and gain control of optical repeater units for burst mode upstream transmission over super-PONs</title> (1996)

This paper presents a fast switching and gain control technique of optical repeated units for burst mode upstream transmission over a Super-PON system by using semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs). Measurement results confirm that switching of the SOA can be accomplished within 3 bits at 155.52 Mbps and that the gain control range is more than 10 dB.
Short-term serotonergic but not noradrenergic antidepressant administration reduces attentional vigilance to threat in healthy volunteers (2008)

Anxiety is associated with threat-related biases in information processing such as heightened attentional vigilance to potential threat. Such biases are an important focus of psychological treatments for anxiety disorders. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are effective in the treatment of a range of anxiety disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an SSRI on the processing of threat in healthy volunteers. A selective noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), which is not generally used in the treatment of anxiety, was used as a contrast to assess the specificity of SSRI effects on threat processing. Forty-two healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to 7 d double-blind intervention with the SSRI citalopram (20 mg/d), the SNRI reboxetine (8 mg/d), or placebo. On the final day, attentional and interpretative bias to threat was assessed using the attentional probe and the homograph primed lexical decision tasks. Citalopram reduced attentional vigilance towards fearful faces but did not affect the interpretation of ambiguous homographs as threatening. Reboxetine had no significant effect on either of these measures. Citalopram reduces attentional orienting to threatening stimuli, which is potentially relevant to its clinical use in the treatment of anxiety disorders. This finding supports a growing literature suggesting that an important mechanism through which pharmacological agents may exert their effects on mood is by reversing the cognitive biases that characterize the disorders that they treat. Future studies are needed to clarify the neural mechanisms through which these effects on threat processing are mediated.
944. Silencing of Endogenous Human á-Synuclein by a Lentiviral Vector Expressing Short Hairpin RNA (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Synucleinopathies are a group of neurodegenerative disorders that include Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy. Current experimental gene therapy approaches for these disorders include the use of viral vectors expressing neurotrophic factors, antiapoptotic genes and modulators of neurotransmission. However, recent human kindred and transgenic mouse studies have implicated a key role for human |[alpha]|-synuclein overexpression and toxic accumulation in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies. RNA interference (RNAi), a recently discovered posttranscriptional gene silencing process has emerged as a powerful technology to 'turn off' or silence genes. Our approach is to develop viral vector-directed RNAi of human |[alpha]|-synuclein as a novel molecular therapeutic tool for synucleinopathies. We have previously reported a 21-nt sequence in the human |[alpha]|-synuclein gene, which constitutes an effective target for robust and selective silencing by RNAi. Following PCR-amplification of RNA-polymerase III H-1 promoter from human genomic DNA, we generated an expression plasmid for H-1 promoter-driven synthesis of short hairpin RNA (shRNA), which targets human |[alpha]|-synuclein for effective silencing. The H-1 promoter-based shRNA expression cassette was cloned into a lentivirus that also harbors a CMV promoter-driven enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) as a marker gene. Infection of the human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cell line with this lentivirus resulted in EGFP expression in about 89% of cells and approximately a 90% reduction in endogenous |[alpha]|-synuclein protein expression. This lentiviral vector-based siRNA system for highly effective silencing of human |[alpha]|-synuclein gene expression promises to be a novel therapeutic approach for diseases involving |[alpha]|-synuclein pathologies.
Incinerator Flue Gas Cleaning Using Wet-Type Electrostatic Precipitator. (2000)

An experimental approach has been adopted to remove dioxins and other pollutants from incinerator flue gas in a pilot-scale experimental system. The main objective of this study is to investigate the combined system for simultaneous removal of gaseous pollutants and dusts. The combined gas cleaning system consists of a radiator, a scrubber and a wet-type electrostatic precipitator (ESP). Dioxins can be decomposed effectively using after-burners downstream of the incinerator by maintaining the gas temperature around 850 ± 20°C. Fractional removal rates for various kinds of dioxins (PCDDs + PCDFs) were measured in this study. When the combined system is used, dioxin removal rates of 90–92% are achieved over a wide range of initial concentrations of dioxins. The combined system is also found to be effective in the removal of NOx, SOx, HCl, and dust.
Head movement-based driver drowsiness detection: A review of state-of-art techniques (2016)

Driver fatigue is one of the most common reasons for deadly road accidents around the world. Continuous monotonous driving for long hours without rest causes drowsiness and consequently fatal road accidents. Automatic driver drowsiness detection can prevent a vast number of sleep persuaded road accidents, and hence can save precious lives. Number of techniques for driver drowsiness detection has been examined in the recent past. This paper presents a survey of these techniques. These techniques detect the driver drowsiness by observing the driving pattern. Abnormalities in driving pattern is hypothesized as a drowsiness state of driver. Various measures such as subjective, behavioral, physiological, and vehicular have been used for this purpose. The comparative analysis of these techniques indicates that behavioral measures are easy to acquire and does not disturb the driver as they are non-invasive. Among various behavioral measures, head movement measure is found to be most precise and effective.
Machine learning for data-driven discovery in solid Earth geoscience (2019)

Understanding the behavior of Earth through the diverse fields of the solid Earth geosciences is an increasingly important task. It is made challenging by the complex, interacting, and multiscale processes needed to understand Earth's behavior and by the inaccessibility of nearly all of Earth's subsurface to direct observation. Substantial increases in data availability and in the increasingly realistic character of computer simulations hold promise for accelerating progress, but developing a deeper understanding based on these capabilities is itself challenging. Machine learning will play a key role in this effort. We review the state of the field and make recommendations for how progress might be broadened and accelerated.
OpenMP Task Scheduling Analysis via OpenMP Runtime API and Tool Visualization (2014)

OpenMP tasks propose a new dimension of concurrency to cap irregular parallelism within applications. The addition of OpenMP tasks allows programmers to express concurrency at a high level of abstraction and makes the OpenMP runtime responsible about the burden of scheduling parallel execution. The ability to observe the performance of OpenMP task scheduling strategies portably across shared memory platforms has been a challenge due to the lack of performance interface standards in the runtime layer. In this paper, we exploit our proposed tasking extensions to the OpenMP Runtime API (ORA), Known as Collector APIs, for profiling task level parallelism. We describe the integration of these Collector APIs, implemented in the OpenUH compiler, into the TAU performance system. Our proposed task extensions are in line with the new interface specification called OMPT, which is currently under evaluation by the OpenMP community. We use this integration to analyze various OpenMP task scheduling strategies implemented in OpenUH. The capabilities of these scheduling strategies are evaluated with respect to exploiting data locality, maintaining load balance, and minimizing overhead costs. We present a comprehensive performance study of diverse OpenMP benchmarks, from the Barcelona OpenMP Test Suite, comparing different task pools (DEFAULT, SIMPLE, SIMPLE_2LEVEL, PUBLIC PRIVATE), task queues (DEQUE, FIFO, CFIFO, LIFO, INV_DEQUE), and task queue storages (ARRAY, DYN_ARRAY, LIST, LOCKLESS) on an AMD Opteron multicore system (48 cores total). Our results show that the benchmarks with similar characteristics exhibit the same behavior in terms of the performance of the applied scheduling strategies. Moreover, the task pool configuration, which controls the organization of task queues, was found to have the highest impact on performance.
<title>Time-sharing display approach using liquid crystal light valve and a photoreractive crystal for electroholography</title> (1999)

A new electroholography system is introduced that uses a liquid crystal display, a photorefractive crystal, and a time- sharing display method. By using the photorefractive crystal as a kind of screen through which the hologram is recreated, we can realize high quality, off-axis, and computer-generated holograms. The time sharing approach enables an electronic display device to display 3D objects clearly by breaking them into parts that are displayed in sequential frames. If the fames are cycled at a high enough speed, we see these parts as a single object due to the afterimage effect. This approach relaxes the strict dynamic range requirements that would normally be placed on the electronic display device. The photorefractive crystal suppresses the flicker caused by the time-sharing display method. This paper first describes the time-sharing method. Next, a new experimental 3D-TV system with a photorefractive crystal, strontium barium niobate, is demonstrated. This system confirms the exciting future of electroholography.
An E-box within the MHC IIB gene is bound by MyoD and is required for gene expression in fast muscle (1999)

The myosin heavy chain (MHC) IIB gene is selectively expressed in skeletal muscles, imparting fast contractile kinetics. Why the MHC IIB gene product is expressed in muscles like the tibialis anterior (TA) and not expressed in muscles like the soleus is currently unclear. It is shown here that the mutation of an E-box within the MHC IIB promoter decreased reporter gene activity in the fast-twitch TA muscle 90-fold as compared with the wild-type promoter. Reporter gene expression within the TA required this E-box for activation of a heterologous construct containing upstream regulatory regions of the MHC IIB promoter linked to the basal 70-kDa heat shock protein TATA promoter. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that mutation of the E-box prevented the binding of both MyoD and myogenin to this element. In cotransfected C2C12 myotubes and Hep G2 cells, MyoD preferentially activated the MHC IIB promoter in an E-box-dependent manner, whereas myogenin activated the MHC IIB promoter to a lesser extent, and in an E-box-independent manner. A time course analysis of hindlimb suspension demonstrated that the unweighted soleus muscle activated expression of MyoD mRNA before the de novo expression of MHC IIB mRNA. These data suggest a possible causative role for MyoD in the observed upregulation of MHC IIB in the unweighted soleus muscle.
Dual gate indium-gallium-zinc-oxide thin film transistor with an unisolated floating metal gate for threshold voltage modulation and mobility enhancement (2011)

In this study, we propose a floating dual gate (FDG) indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO) thin film transistor (TFT) with a floating metal back gate that is directly contact with IGZO without a dielectric layer. The floating back gate effect is investigated by changing the work function (ϕ) of the back gate. The FDG IGZO TFT exhibits an improved field-effect mobility (μ), unchanged subthreshold swing (SS), high on/off current ratio, and a tunable threshold voltage ranged (Vth) from −5.0 to +7.9 V without an additional back gate power supply.
PF-03882845, a non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, prevents renal injury with reduced risk of hyperkalemia in an animal model of nephropathy (2013)

The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists PF-03882845 and eplerenone were evaluated for renal protection against aldosterone-mediated renal disease in uninephrectomized Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats maintained on a high salt diet and receiving aldosterone by osmotic mini-pump for 27 days. Serum K(+) and the urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) were assessed following 14 and 27 days of treatment. Aldosterone induced renal fibrosis as evidenced by increases in UACR, collagen IV staining in kidney cortex, and expression of pro-fibrotic genes relative to sham-operated controls not receiving aldosterone. While both PF-03882845 and eplerenone elevated serum K(+) levels with similar potencies, PF-03882845 was more potent than eplerenone in suppressing the rise in UACR. PF-03882845 prevented the increase in collagen IV staining at 5, 15 and 50 mg/kg BID while eplerenone was effective only at the highest dose tested (450 mg/kg BID). All doses of PF-03882845 suppressed aldosterone-induced increases in collagen IV, transforming growth factor-β 1 (Tgf-β 1), interleukin-6 (Il-6), intermolecular adhesion molecule-1 (Icam-1) and osteopontin gene expression in kidney while eplerenone was only effective at the highest dose. The therapeutic index (TI), calculated as the ratio of the EC50 for increasing serum K(+) to the EC50 for UACR lowering, was 83.8 for PF-03882845 and 1.47 for eplerenone. Thus, the TI of PF-03882845 against hyperkalemia was 57-fold superior to that of eplerenone indicating that PF-03882845 may present significantly less risk for hyperkalemia compared to eplerenone.
Secure media content distribution based on the improved set-top box in IPTV (2008)

In this paper, some means are proposed to improve the performances of the set-top box (STB) based media distribution schemes for IPTV. Firstly, the lightweight packet encryption is used to replace traditional complete encryption in order to reduce the time cost. Secondly, a method is introduced to form a unique customer code and generates a unique media copy for each customer in order to trace illegal redistributors. Thirdly, the desynchronization operations are introduced to make different copies in order to resist collusion attacks. Analyses and experiments show that the proposed packet encryption saves much time cost compared with traditional encryption and the saved time cost is enough for the added new operations. Additionally, the produced media copy is different from each other, and their collusion will generate a copy with much degradation, which can resist the content leakage from the gap between STB and TV set.
Variations of sotalol kinetics in renal insufficiency. (1989)

Decreased elimination of sotalol (160 mg) is found in patients with renal insufficiency. Simulation of plasma concentrations at steady-state exhibits moderately higher concentrations when creatinine clearance is between 10 and 30 ml/min and very high plasma concentrations when creatinine clearance is less than 10 ml/min suggesting, if treatment is absolutely necessary, monitoring in these cases and the reduction of the dose in major renal insufficiency.
Clinical studies on treatment of cerebral malaria with artemether and mefloquine (1989)

Journal Article Clinical studies on treatment of cerebral malaria with artemether and mefloquine Get access Tin Shwe, Tin Shwe Clinical Research Unit (Cerebral and Complicated Malaria), Department of Medical Research, Rangoon, Burma Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Pe Than Myint, Pe Than Myint Clinical Research Unit (Cerebral and Complicated Malaria), Department of Medical Research, Rangoon, Burma Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Win Myint, Win Myint Clinical Research Unit (Cerebral and Complicated Malaria), Department of Medical Research, Rangoon, Burma Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ye Htut, Ye Htut Clinical Research Unit (Cerebral and Complicated Malaria), Department of Medical Research, Rangoon, Burma Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lin Soe, Lin Soe Clinical Research Unit (Cerebral and Complicated Malaria), Department of Medical Research, Rangoon, Burma Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Min Thwe Min Thwe Clinical Research Unit (Cerebral and Complicated Malaria), Department of Medical Research, Rangoon, Burma Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 83, Issue 4, July-August 1989, Page 489, https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(89)90261-7 Published: 01 July 1989 Article history Received: 25 January 1989 Accepted: 07 February 1989 Published: 01 July 1989
The Relative Bioavailability and Metabolism of Bisphenol A in Rats Is Dependent upon the Route of Administration (2000)

Bisphenol A (BPA) is used to produce polymers for food contact applications, thus there is potential for oral exposure of humans to trace amounts via the diet. BPA was weakly estrogenic in screening assays measuring uterine weight/response, although much higher oral doses of BPA were required to elicit a uterotropic response as compared to other routes of administration. The objective of this study was to determine if a route dependency exists in the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of 14C-labeled BPA following single oral (po), intraperitoneal (ip), or subcutaneous (sc) doses of either 10 or 100 mg/kg to Fischer 344 rats. Results indicated a marked route dependency in the pharmacokinetics of BPA. The relative bioavailability of BPA and plasma radioactivity was markedly lower following oral administration as compared to sc or ip administration. The major fraction of plasma radioactivity following oral dosing was the monoglucuronide conjugate of BPA (68-100% of plasma radioactivity). BPA was the major component in plasma at Cmax following sc or ip administration exceeded only by BPA-monoglucuronide in females dosed ip. Up to four additional unidentified metabolites were present only in the plasma of animals dosed ip or sc. One of these, found only following ip administration, was tentatively identified as the monosulfate conjugate of BPA. The monoglucuronide conjugate was the major urinary metabolite; unchanged BPA was the principal component excreted in feces. These results demonstrated a route dependency of BPA bioavailability in rats, with oral administration resulting in the lowest bioavailability, and offer an explanation for the apparent route differences in estrogenic potency observed for BPA.
Adversarial Removal of Demographic Attributes from Text Data (2018)

Recent advances in Representation Learning and Adversarial Training seem to succeed in removing unwanted features from the learned representation. We show that demographic information of authors is encoded in-and can be recovered from-the intermediate representations learned by text-based neural classifiers. The implication is that decisions of classifiers trained on textual data are not agnostic to-and likely condition on-demographic attributes. When attempting to remove such demographic information using adversarial training, we find that while the adversarial component achieves chance-level development-set accuracy during training, a post-hoc classifier, trained on the encoded sentences from the first part, still manages to reach substantially higher classification accuracies on the same data. This behavior is consistent across several tasks, demographic properties and datasets. We explore several techniques to improve the effectiveness of the adversarial component. Our main conclusion is a cautionary one: do not rely on the adversarial training to achieve invariant representation to sensitive features.
Estimation and prediction approach to congestion control in ATM networks (2002)

An estimation-prediction approach to congestion control in ATM networks is proposed. The method attempts to achieve efficient utilization of available bandwidth by taking preventive measures long before a congestion occurs. The estimation and the prediction of the traffic model is based on the fact that the underlying traffic model is a Markov process. Cell counts in consecutive fixed frames are observed for the purpose of estimating the sources state. Kalman filtering, is used to obtain estimates. The first passage time from the present state to an overload is treated using matrix spectral expansion. Numerical results illustrating the technique are given.
STUDIES ON UNBALANCED GROWTH IN ESCHERICHIA COLI (1954)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Development of a radioimmunoassay for theophylline; Application to studies in premature infants (1977)

The use of theophylline in premature infants has necessitated the development of an assay applicable to samples under 0.1 ml. To accomplish this we have developed a radioimmunoassay for theophylline. The antiserum to theophylline has been characterized and found to be highly specific for theophylline and sensitive to 2 ng. The affinity of our antibody and the titer developed in the goat allowed the assay to be performed routinely with the use of a plasma sample size of only 2 to 5 micronl. Theophylline levels of 6 to 20 microng/ml were found 2 hr after maintenance doses of aminophylline, 4 mg/kg per rectum in 12 premature infants. Terminal serum half-lives ranged from 12 to 54 hr.
High-speed backup scheme for zone 2 of non-pilot distance relays (2007)

Distance relays use time-stepped protection zones for coordination purposes. The time delay introduced by zone 2 relays limits the use of these devices for extra high voltage (EHV) applications, since the fast fault clearance requirement is not achieved. Normally, transmission lines are protected by means of intercommunicated protection schemes making use of a dedicated channel in order to overcome that delay; however, this channel is also prone to failure. Hence, it could be really advantageous to provide the line with fast protection coverage without making use of communication channels if a secure enough protection algorithm were developed for this specific purpose. An algorithm that is able to detect remote breaker operation and thus to accelerate the time-delayed zone 2 trip of local relay by monitoring changes in two proposed signals is presented. The algorithm performs adequately in two- and three-terminal lines as it is shown by computer simulation results. It is proposed that this algorithm can be used as a fast backup scheme to protect transmission lines in case main communication channel degrades, fails or is not available.