gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High <i>T</i> <i>c</i> superconductor bolometer with record performance (1994)

We have used prethinned sapphire substrates to make a YBa2Cu3O7−x thin-film, transition-edge bolometer with peak detectivity of 6×109 cm Hz1/2/W near 4 Hz and 90 K. This is a new record for high Tc superconductor bolometers, and is comparable to the best detectivity yet achieved for a thermal-type infrared detector with no more than moderate cooling (liquid-nitrogen temperature and above). We discuss some simple improvements which may push the detectivity above 1010.
THE <i>IN VITRO</i> ADRENAL RESPONSE TO CORTICOTROPIN SUBTYPES: AN IMPROVED ASSAY DESIGN (1955)

An eight point assay design for assessment of corticotrophin potency in terms of any standard corticotrophin is described. Each point can be repeated four times by using littermate rat adrenal tissue. The response of isolated adrenal tissue to corticotrophin stimulation is measured in terms of the corticoids produced. As many as three unknown samples may be measured in terms of one standard or compared with one another. Three subtypes of corticotrophin have been assessed in one assay design. They are acid extracted crude corticotrophin (represented by the original U.S.P. Provisional Reference Standard), glacial acetic acid extracted, and oxycel purified corticotrophin. All these corticotrophins showed the same dose–response characteristics and relative potencies in agreement with the Sayers ascorbic acid depletion assay by the intravenous route. When three different samples were assayed in one design of 32 rats the average lambda was 0.18, and the limits of error for each sample were approximately ± 45%.
Agent-mediated electronic commerce: a survey (1998)

Software agents help automate a variety of tasks including those involved in buying and selling products over the Internet. This paper surveys several of these agent-mediated electronic commerce systems by describing their roles in the context of a Consumer Buying Behavior (CBB) model. The CBB model we present augments traditional marketing models with concepts from Software Agents research to accommodate electronic markets. We then discuss the variety of Artificial Intelligence techniques that support agent mediation and conclude with future directions of agent-mediated electronic commerce research.
Seasonal variations of photo-acclimation in the phytoplankton assemblages of the Tuscan Tyrrhenian Sea. (2012)

The photo-acclimation responses of natural phytoplankton from the Tuscan Tyrrhenian Sea were assessed in different seasons through the measurements of Photosynthesis-Irradiance curves (PEc) by pulse amplitude modulated (PAM, Walz) variable fluorescence. The analysis of photosynthetic parameter variations allowed distinguishing between low-light (shade-acclimation) and high-light (sun-acclimation)\nresponses. The relationship between phytoplankton response to light and the structure of the water column\n(mixed or stratified) is discussed, together with the taxonomic composition. Variable fluorescence PEc measurement turned out to be particularly suitable in these low chlorophyll a concentration conditions, finally allowing the assessment of photosynthetic parameters as a valid alternative to more traditional gas exchange techniques.
Ephaptic transmission in chronically damaged peripheral nerves (1979)

Several weeks after damage of the sciatic nerve in adult rats, a stable electrical (ephaptic) interaction forms between pairs of injured sensory and motor axons. Fiber-fiber interaction occurs when the nerve ends in a neuroma, after end-to-end nerve suture and after nerve crush injury. Unlike the transient "artificial synapse" created acutely on section of a nerve, this form of crosstalk is long-lasting. Its existence lends support to the hypothesis that ephaptic interaction is an important factor in neurologic pathophysiology.
Advances in the development of silver sheathed (Bi,Pb)2223 composite conductors (1995)

Significant advances have been made in the critical current density of the technologically interesting (Bi,Pb)2223 composite conductors. Engineering current density, J/sub e/, of 9100 A/cm/sup 2/, corresponding to a filament current density, J/sub c/, of 32600 A/cm/sup 2/ (77 K, self-field) has been achieved by increasing the fraction of oxide in the conductor and improving the thermomechanical processing of the conductor. The filament microstructure may be further optimized by decreasing the volume fraction of secondary phases and porosity. The strain tolerance of the higher oxide fraction conductors remains adequate for applications by increasing the number of filaments in the conductors. Composite tapes with twisted filaments have been produced that have promising electrical properties in applied magnetic fields.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Method of obtaining wavefront slope data from through-focus point spread function measurements (2010)

A method is described for analyzing point source imagery collected with various amounts of defocus to obtain wavefront slope data at the exit pupil of an imaging system. Integration of this slope data yields the system wavefront aberration function. The method is based on a geometric optics interpretation of intensity point spread function measurements in the caustic region near focus. Algorithm performance is examined through Monte Carlo simulations. Application of the method to segmented-aperture systems is also explored. The proposed method is used to generate initial wavefront estimates for an iterative phase retrieval algorithm, significantly improving the capture range over a blind phase retrieval approach when segment tilt errors are large.
The architectures and design of a 20-MHz real-time DSP chip set (1989)

A set of four real-time 20-MHz digital signal processor (DSP) chips has been designed, fabricated, and tested. The chips include a 64-tap programmable FIR (finite impulse response) filter, a 1024-tap binary filter and template matcher, a 64-tap rank-value filter, and an eight-line 512-pixel video line delay. The circuits were implemented in a 1.5- mu m CMOS process and are fully functional with a 20-MHz clock rate. The processors have reconfigurable windows to allow processing on both one-dimensional and two-dimensional data. The FIR filters can be used in multiprocessor systems to increase the window size and the data precision.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pyridine-2-thiones, 2-pyrone phenylhydrazones, and 2-pyridones from 2-pyrones (1971)

Various 5-aryloxypyran-2-thiones, 2-pyridones, and 1-amino-2-pyridones have been prepared. The pyran-2-thiones were converted into pyridine-2-thiones and phenylhydrazones. Some derivatives of 6-p-bromophenyl-5-phenoxy-4-phenyl-2-pyrone (Ia) are described.
Phosphonopolycarboxylates as Chemical Additives for Calcite Scale Dissolution and Metallic Corrosion Inhibition Based on a Calcium-Phosphonotricarboxylate Organic−Inorganic Hybrid (2006)

Misapplication of chemical water treatment inhibition technologies results in the formation of water-formed scale deposits (notably, CaCO3 and BaSO4) that interfere with proper system operation. These are removed by chemical additives through dissolution. Herein, we report the efficient dissolution of CaCO3 at pH 4 by 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (H5PBTC). We also report the identity of the Ca-containing dissolution product, characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography and a variety of spectroscopic techniques, as [Ca(H3PBTC)(H2O)2·2H2O]n. It is the first metal−PBTC complex reported to date. In the structure of polymeric [Ca(H3PBTC)(H2O)2·2H2O]n Ca2+ is seven-coordinated, bound by two phosphonate oxygens, three carboxylate oxygens, and two water molecules. [Ca(H3PBTC)(H2O)2·2H2O]n was also prepared by designed synthesis by reacting various Ca2+ sources and H5PBTC. Studies of anticorrosion properties of Ca2+/H3PBTC2- combinations are also reported.
Involvement of Brca1 in S-Phase and G <sub>2</sub> -Phase Checkpoints after Ionizing Irradiation (2001)

Cell cycle arrests in the G(1), S, and G(2) phases occur in mammalian cells after ionizing irradiation and appear to protect cells from permanent genetic damage and transformation. Though Brca1 clearly participates in cellular responses to ionizing radiation (IR), conflicting conclusions have been drawn about whether Brca1 plays a direct role in cell cycle checkpoints. Normal Nbs1 function is required for the IR-induced S-phase checkpoint, but whether Nbs1 has a definitive role in the G(2)/M checkpoint has not been established. Here we show that Atm and Brca1 are required for both the S-phase and G(2) arrests induced by ionizing irradiation while Nbs1 is required only for the S-phase arrest. We also found that mutation of serine 1423 in Brca1, a target for phosphorylation by Atm, abolished the ability of Brca1 to mediate the G(2)/M checkpoint but did not affect its S-phase function. These results clarify the checkpoint roles for each of these three gene products, demonstrate that control of cell cycle arrests must now be included among the important functions of Brca1 in cellular responses to DNA damage, and suggest that Atm phosphorylation of Brca1 is required for the G(2)/M checkpoint.
Characterization of a Presenilin-mediated Amyloid Precursor Protein Carboxyl-terminal Fragment γ (2001)

A variety of investigations have led to the conclusion that presenilins (PS) play a critical role in intramembranous, γ-secretase proteolysis of selected type I membrane proteins, including Notch1 and amyloid precursor protein (APP). We now show that the generation of the S3/Notch intracellular domain and APP-carboxyl-terminal fragment γ (CTFγ) derivatives are dependent on PS expression and inhibited by a highly selective and potent γ-secretase inhibitor. Unexpectedly, the APP-CTFγ derivative is generated by processing between Leu-645 and Val-646 (of APP<sub>695</sub>), several amino acids carboxyl-terminal to the scissile bonds for production of amyloid β protein peptides. Although the relationship of APP-CTFγ to the production of amyloid β protein peptides is not known, we conclude that in contrast to the highly selective PS-dependent processing of Notch, the PS-dependent γ-secretase processing of APP is largely nonselective and occurs at multiple sites within the APP transmembrane domain.
‘Hear sweet discourse’: Shakespearean conversation (2008)

The aim of stylistic analysis is ultimately to explain the choices that a person makes, in speaking or writing. If I want to express the thought that ‘I have two loves’, there are many ways in which I can do it in addition to that particular version. I can alter the sentence structure (It's two loves that I have), the word structure (I've two loves), the word-order (Two loves I have), or the vocabulary (I've got two loves, I love two people), or opt for a more radical rephrasing (There are two loves in my life). The choice will be motivated by my sense of the different nuances, emphases, rhythms, and sound patterns carried by the words. In casual usage, I will give little thought to the merits of the alternatives: conveying the ‘gist’ is enough. But in an artistic construct, each linguistic decision counts, for it affects the structure and interpretation of the whole.
REVIEW STUDY ON AIRLIFT PUMPING SYSTEMS (2012)

Airlift systems are widely used in various fields such as in the petrochemical and oil industries. Because the main part of the flow through the pipe of these systems is formed by gasliquid two-phase flow, analysis of such systems are accompanied with problems of two-phase flow modeling. Several effective variables are involved in airlift systems; therefore, a comprehensive method is needed when considering these parameters. This paper reviews the state of the art in the field of airlift systems. All of the related articles have been divided into two categories; namely, two-phase and three-phase systems based on the operation of the airlift systems in the fluids. Moreover, the paper describes the airlift pump operation as a kind of pumping system and evaluates developments in the modeling of these systems. In particular, the paper also concentrates on airlift history and background, structure, types, and applications.
Molecular components of bacterial chemotaxis (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular components of bacterial chemotaxisRichard C. Stewart and Frederick W. DahlquistCite this: Chem. Rev. 1987, 87, 5, 997–1025Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00081a007RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views311Altmetric-Citations122LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (8 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of Caspase‐3 Activity During Apoptosis with Fluorescence Lifetime‐Based Cytometry Measurements and Phasor Analyses (2020)

Caspase-3 is a well-described protease with many roles that impact the fate of a cell. During apoptosis, caspase-3 acts as an executioner caspase with important proteolytic functions that lead to the final stages of programmed cell death. Owing to this key role, caspase-3 is exploited intracellularly as a target of control of apoptosis for therapeutic outcomes. Yet the activation of caspase-3 during apoptosis is challenged by other roles and functions (e.g., paracrine signaling). This brief report presents a way to track caspase-3 levels using a flow cytometer that measures excited state fluorescence lifetimes and a signal processing approach that leads to a graphical phasor-based interpretation. An established Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) bioprobe was used for this test; the connected donor and acceptor fluorophore is cleavable by caspase-3 during apoptosis induction. With the cell-by-cell decay kinetic data and phasor analyses we generate a caspase activation trajectory, which is used to interpret activation throughout apoptosis. When lifetime-based cytometry is combined with a FRET bioprobe and phasor analyses, enzyme activation can be simplified and quantified with phase and modulation data. We envision extrapolating this approach to high content screening, and reinforce the power of phasor approaches with cytometric data. Analyses such as these can be used to cluster cells by their phase and modulation "lifetime fingerprint" when the intracellular fluorescent probe is utilized as a sensor of enzyme activity. © 2020 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Leukotriene B 4 Rezeptor 2 (BLT2) - ein spezifischer Marker und Promoter in der Pankreaskarzinogenese? Leukotriene B4 receptor 2 (BLT2) - a specific marker and promoter in pancreatic carcinogenesis? (2007)

Introduction: Pancreatic cancer has an abysmal prognosis because of its late diagnosis and lack of response to available therapeutics. Incidence almost equals mortality. Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs) and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasias (IPMNs) are precursor lesions which could be an ideal target for chemoprevention. Obesity and high fat intake are risk factors for the development of pancreatic cancer. The arachidonic acid pathway plays a key role. Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in transgenic mice promotes the development of pancreatic cancer, a process inhibited by COX-2 inhibitors. Furthermore, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) is pro-tumorigenic and overexpressed in PanINs, IPMNs and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) as a product of the 5-LOX metabolism stimulates tumor cell growth and insulin secretion. The expression and role of the second LTB4 receptor (BLT2) was unknown and therefore, aim of this study. Materials and Methods: Expression of BLT2 was investigated in pancreatic cancer cell lines and human pancreatic tissues (10 normal pancreas, 10 chronic pancreatitis, 10 pancreatic adenocarcinoma and 38 IPMNs) by real time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Cell proliferation was studied by cell counting and Wst-1 assay in Colo357, Panc-1 and AsPC1 cells after stable transfection with BLT2 to cause overexpression of this receptor and after treatment with siRNA, Compound A as an agonist and LY255283 as an antagonist. Results: BLT2 is expressed in all pancreatic cancer cell lines. Results from real-time RT-PCR revealed significant overexpression of BLT2 in malignant IPMNs and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Intense staining for BLT2 was evident in infiltrating tumor cells and advanced PanINs (> PanIN-1b) in 10/10 cancer and 1/10 pancreatitis tissues but not in normal ductal cells or PanIN-1a lesions (9 pancreatitis and 10 normal tissues). BLT2 was expressed in all IPMNs. Specificity of the antibody was demonstrated by using a blocking peptide. Overexpression of BLT2 as well as stimulation of Colo357, Panc-1 and AsPC1 cells with Compound A caused a significant increase in tumor cell proliferation, an effect reversed after siRNA treatment. Blocking BLT2 with LY255283 also significantly inhibited tumor cell growth. Conclusion: This study demonstrates for the first time expression of BLT2 in the pancreas and overexpression in pancreatic cancers and malignant IPMNs in particular. Furthermore, up-regulation of BLT2 is already evident in precursor lesions (PanINs, IPMNs). Overexpressing this receptor or stimulation of BLT2 enhances proliferation of cancer cells. In contrast, the BLT2 antagonist LY255283 inhibits tumor cell growth. These findings provide evidence that BLT2 serves as a specific marker and tumor promoter in pancreatic carcinogenesis. BLT2 antagonists may be a new tool for prevention and therapy in the fight against pancreatic cancer.
LIGHT-WEIGHT MULTISPECTRAL UAV SENSORS AND THEIR CAPABILITIES FOR PREDICTING GRAIN YIELD AND DETECTING PLANT DISEASES (2016)

Abstract. In this paper we investigate the performance of new light-weight multispectral sensors for micro UAV and their application to selected tasks in agronomical research and agricultural practice. The investigations are based on a series of flight campaigns in 2014 and 2015 covering a number of agronomical test sites with experiments on rape, barley, onion, potato and other crops. In our sensor comparison we included a high-end multispectral multiSPEC 4C camera with bandpass colour filters and reference channel in zenith direction and a low-cost, consumer-grade Canon S110 NIR camera with Bayer pattern colour filters. Ground-based reference measurements were obtained using a terrestrial hyperspectral field spectrometer. The investigations show that measurements with the high-end system consistently match very well with ground-based field spectrometer measurements with a mean deviation of just 0.01-0.04 NDVI values. The low-cost system, while delivering better spatial resolutions, expressed significant biases. The sensors were subsequently used to address selected agronomical questions. These included crop yield estimation in rape and barley and plant disease detection in potato and onion cultivations. High levels of correlation between different vegetation indices and reference yield measurements were obtained for rape and barley. In case of barley, the NDRE index shows an average correlation of 87% with reference yield, when species are taken into account. With high geometric resolutions and respective GSDs of down to 2.5 cm the effects of a thrips infestation in onion could be analysed and potato blight was successfully detected at an early stage of infestation.
The Shape of Neural Dependence (2004)

The product-moment correlation coefficient is often viewed as a natural measure of dependence. However, this equivalence applies only in the context of elliptical distributions, most commonly the multivariate gaussian, where linear correlation indeed sufficiently describes the underlying dependence structure. Should the true probability distributions deviate from those with elliptical contours, linear correlation may convey misleading information on the actual underlying dependencies. It is often the case that probability distributions other than the gaussian distribution are necessary to properly capture the stochastic nature of single neurons, which as a consequence greatly complicates the construction of a flexible model of covariance. We show how arbitrary probability densities can be coupled to allow greater flexibility in the construction of multivariate neural population models.
A distributed model for radiation-induced latchup (1988)

A lumped-model approach is used to determine three-dimensional effects that often dominate latchup behavior in complex integrated circuits. A preprocessor is used that automatically generates a SPICE-compatible file of up to several thousand elements from a basic description of the topology and physics of local structures. The results show that internal potential drops in the substrate and isolation wells are much larger than the metallization resistance contribution for devices with asymmetrical topology. The work also shows that alterations in the back contact, such as partial removal of the central portion for backside laser simulation, increase lateral voltage drops in the substrate by more than one order of magnitude, substantially changing the latchup characteristics. The model can be used to calculate distributed potentials that are important for latchup and the latchup window effect and to determine the effect of metal shadowing or nonuniform carrier generation when laser simulation is used.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>