gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Complex Low Density Lattice Codes to Physical Layer Network Coding (2015)

In this paper we present a physical-layer network coding (PNC) scheme based on the recently developed complex low density lattice codes (CLDLC). CLDLC has high coding gain, good algebraic properties, and better coding gain at low dimension than real LDLC, which make it a good candidate for PNC. We show a parametric decoder for CLDLC, and demonstrate, via simulation that CLDLC-based PNC achieves good performance in a two way relay channel.
THE EFFECT OF GRANULOCYTOPENIA ON EXPERIMENTAL TUBERCULIN FEVER. (1965)

The febrile responses of hypersensitive, granulocytopenic and hypersensitive, non-granulocytopenic animals to specific antigen have been compared with the following results: 1. Hypersensitive animals, whether granulocytopenic or not, had an equal febrile response when challenged with specific antigen. 2. Hypersensitive animals with agranulocytosis developed fever when challenged with specific antigen. 3. Serum from granulocytopenic, antigen-challenged, hypersensitive donors contained a pyrogenic factor as potent in normal recipients as was serum from non-granulocytopenic, hypersensitive donors. It is suggested therefore that the granulocyte is not the source of endogenous serum pyrogen in the fever of delayed hypersensitivity and is not necessary for the febrile response of the hypersensitive animal to specific antigen.
A Study on Synthesis of Clomazone (1999)

This paper reported the synthesis of clomazone used 3 chloro 2,2 dimethyl propionyl chloride hydroxylamine chloride and ortho chlorobenzyl chloride as the raw materials. The total yield was over 60%.
Fictional Persons and Fictional Worlds (1992)

Any normal reader or theatre-goer is perfectly well aware at all times that the characters depicted in novels and plays do not really exist. Yet, people refer to them by name, have conversations about them, reflect upon their plights and predicaments, and even blame or admire them for their non-existent deeds. This kind of reaction to such fictional persons has brought about a lot of philosophical debates. While it is absurd not to conceive of fictional characters as persons, it has to be explained how it is possible to refer to, to describe, or to engage in discourse, about fictional persons, given that they do not actually exist. Thus, it is perceived to be important to develop an account to rescue people from the obligation to find something in the ‘real’ world to which our statements about fictional characters must correspond.
Exchange Coupled Composite Media (2008)

Exchange coupled composite (ECC) media consisting of both magnetically hard and soft regions within the same grain have been proposed for 1 Tb/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> perpendicular magnetic recording. Compared to conventional perpendicular media, a composite structure can effectively decrease the switching field of the media without a loss in thermal stability. This paper reviews the recent work on composite media including two spin and complete micromagnetic models for ECC media, exchange spring media, synthetic antiferromagnet ECC media, and experimental results in support of these theories. The figure of merit (defined as xi = 2E/(M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> V), where DeltaE, M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> , H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> , and V are energy barrier, saturation magnetization, switching field, and grain volume of the media, respectively) of composite media is found to be 2 ~ 3 times that of conventional media. Therefore, grain volume can be decreased and the impact of the magnetic recording ldquotrilemmardquo reduced. The switching mechanism of composite media is discussed and its properties such as angular dependence of switching field and thermal attempt frequency is studied and compared with conventional media. Results for micromagnetic simulation of recording on ECC media are shown together with a brief discussion of write head design for ECC media.
Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Hydrocarbons Using Bimetallic Cu–Pd Catalysts with Different Mixing Patterns (2016)

Electrochemical conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> holds promise for utilization of CO<sub>2</sub> as a carbon feedstock and for storage of intermittent renewable energy. Presently Cu is the only metallic electrocatalyst known to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> to appreciable amounts of hydrocarbons, but often a wide range of products such as CO, HCOO<sup>-</sup>, and H<sub>2</sub> are formed as well. Better catalysts that exhibit high activity and especially high selectivity for specific products are needed. Here a range of bimetallic Cu-Pd catalysts with ordered, disordered, and phase-separated atomic arrangements (Cu<sub>at</sub>:Pd<sub>at</sub> = 1:1), as well as two additional disordered arrangements (Cu3Pd and CuPd3 with Cu<sub>at</sub>:Pd<sub>at</sub> = 3:1 and 1:3), are studied to determine key factors needed to achieve high selectivity for C1 or C2 chemicals in CO<sub>2</sub> reduction. When compared with the disordered and phase-separated CuPd catalysts, the ordered CuPd catalyst exhibits the highest selectivity for C1 products (>80%). The phase-separated CuPd and Cu3Pd achieve higher selectivity (>60%) for C2 chemicals than CuPd3 and ordered CuPd, which suggests that the probability of dimerization of C1 intermediates is higher on surfaces with neighboring Cu atoms. Based on surface valence band spectra, geometric effects rather than electronic effects seem to be key in determining the selectivity of bimetallic Cu-Pd catalysts. These results imply that selectivities to different products can be tuned by geometric arrangements. This insight may benefit the design of catalytic surfaces that further improve activity and selectivity for CO<sub>2</sub> reduction.
Oracle: The Complete Reference, Electronic Edition (1996)

From the Publisher:
If you have been searching for a single comprehensive reference source about Oracle, look no further! Oracle: The Complete Reference, Third Edition has been revised and updated to include the most up-to-date and comprehensive information about Oracle 7.x. Oracle experts George Koch and Kevin Loney have defined and explained all the capabilities and complexities of Oracle in easy-to-understand English. This book contains a huge alphabetical reference of virtually all Oracle commands, functions, syntax, key words, concepts, and products.
Isoflavone-Free Soy Protein Prepared by Column Chromatography Reduces Plasma Cholesterol in Rats (2002)

To know whether isoflavones are responsible for the hypocholesterolemic effect of soy protein, the effect on plasma cholesterol of isoflavone-free soy protein prepared by column chromatography was examined in rats. Five-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed cholesterol-enriched AIN-93G diets containing either 20% casein (CAS), 20% soy protein isolate (SPI), 20% isoflavone-free SPI (IF-SPI), 19.7% IF-SPI + 0.3% isoflavone-rich fraction (isoflavone concentrate, IC), or 20% CAS + 0.3% IC for 2 weeks. Plasma total cholesterol concentrations of rats fed SPI and IF-SPI were comparable and were significantly lower than that of rats fed CAS. The addition of IC to the CAS and IF-SPI did not influence plasma cholesterol level. Fecal steroid excretion of the three SPI groups was higher than that of the two CAS groups, whereas the addition of IC showed no effect. Thus, a significant fraction of the cholesterol-lowering effect of SPI in rats can be attributed to the protein content, but the isoflavones and other minor constituents may also play a role.
Photovoltaic array power forecasting model based on energy storage (2010)

With the rapid increase of the capacity in photovoltaic (PV) generated systems, how to deal with the problem caused by the random output in the system becomes more significant. One possible solution could be the use of energy storage. The forecasting output can be obtained by the support vector regression model (SVR) introduced in this article, then the capacity of energy storage can be optimized by the difference between actual and predicting outputs. That is to say, energy storage devices are taken to compensate the difference, so that the deviation between predictions and actual values can be decreased. The results show that the proposed algorithm ELSSVR is effective and the installed capacity of energy storage is reduced significantly.
Physical performance limits for shared buffer ATM switches (1997)

Performance studies, linking ATM switch capabilities to physical limitations imposed by integrated circuit technology, have been scarce. This paper explores trends in circuit capabilities, and makes projections toward the 0.25-/spl mu/m technologies that will be available to all switch designers in the year 2000. The limits imposed by circuit technology are applied to shared buffer ATM switches. We determine requirements and physical limits for buffer capacity, buffer throughput, chip I/O throughput, and power dissipation. As a result, we are able to project chip counts, aggregate switch throughputs, and switch dimensions. As well, performance capabilities of single-chip shared buffer switches are estimated. A single-chip shared buffer switch implemented in 0.25-/spl mu/m technology will be capable of an aggregate throughput of 1.3 Tb/s, will accomplish almost arbitrarily low cell loss rates for bursty traffic, and may be integrated together with translation tables supporting hundreds of connections per port.
Motion planning in stereotaxic radiosurgery (1993)

Stereotaxic radiosurgery is a procedure that uses a beam of radiation as an ablative surgical instrument to destroy brain tumors (or more generally, brain lesions). The beam is produced by a linear accelerator that is moved by a mechanical gantry. Radiation is concentrated by crossfiring at the tumor from multiple directions, to reduce the amount of energy deposited in healthy tissues. Because access to and exit from the tumor is obstructed along some directions by critical structures (e.g., brain stem, optic nerves), planning the path of the beam is often difficult and time-consuming. This paper describes a computer-based planner developed to interactively assist the surgeon generate a satisfactory treatment, given the spatial distribution of the brain tissues obtained with medical imaging. This planner has been experimented on using 11 cases previously processed at the Stanford Medical Center. A dosimetric comparison with the manually generated plans for these cases was carried but. Although still limited, results indicate that automatic planning can significantly improve energy deposition. It can also shorten the overall treatment, hence reducing the patient's pain and allowing the radiosurgery equipment to be used for more patients. Stereotaxic radiosurgery is an example of so-called "bloodless surgery." Computer-based planning techniques are expected to facilitate further development of this safer, less painful, and more cost effective type of surgery.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG): it's (nearly) all in it! (2011)

Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) is a booming class of metabolic diseases. Its number has increased nearly fourfold (to 45) since 2003, the year of the Komrower lecture, entitled 'Congenital disorders of glycosylation CDG): It's all in it!'. This paper presents an overview of recently discovered CDG and CDG phenotypes, of a diagnostic approach, of (the lack of) treatment, of CDG genetics, of a novel CDG nomenclature and classification, and of some future directions in the CDG field.
Enhancement of antitumor natural killer cell activation by orally administered Spirulina extract in mice (2009)

Oral administration of hot-water extract of Spirulina, cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis, leads to augmentation of NK cytotoxicity in humans. Here, we applied to syngeneic tumor-implant mice (C57BL/6 versus B16 melanoma) Spirulina to elucidate the mechanism of raising antitumor NK activation. A B16D8 subcell line barely expressed MHC class I but about 50% expressed Rae-1, a ligand for NK activation receptor NKG2D. The Rae-1-positive population of implant B16 melanoma was effectively eliminated in the tumor mass progressed in mice. This antitumor activity was induced in parallel with IFN-gamma and abolished in mice by treatment with asialoGM-1 but not CD8beta Ab, suggesting the effector is NK cell. NK cell activation occurred in the spleen of wild-type mice medicated with Spirulina. This Spirulina-mediated enhanced NK activation was abrogated in MyD88 -/- mice but not in TICAM-1 -/- mice. The NK activating properties of Spirulina depending on MyD88 were confirmed with in vitro bone marrow-derived dendritic cells expressing TLR2/4. In D16D8 tumor challenge studies, the antitumor effect of Spirulina was abolished in MyD88 -/- mice. Hence, orally administered Spirulina enhances tumoricidal NK activation through the MyD88 pathway. Spirulina exerted a synergistic antitumor activity with BCG-cell wall skeleton, which is known to activate the MyD88 pathway via TLR2/4 with no NK enhancing activity. Spirulina and BCG-cell wall skeleton synergistically augmented IFN-gamma production and antitumor potential in the B16D8 versus C57BL/6 system. We infer from these results that NK activation by Spirulina has some advantage in combinational use with BCG-cell wall skeleton for developing adjuvant-based antitumor immunotherapy.
Resolvin E1 Improves Tear Production and Decreases Inflammation in a Dry Eye Mouse Model (2010)

RvE1 promotes tear production, corneal epithelial integrity, and a decrease in inflammatory inducible COX-2. In the stroma, RvE1 inhibits keratocyte transformation to myofibroblasts and lowers the number of monocytes/macrophages in this DE mouse model. These results suggest that RvE1 and similar resolvin analogs have therapeutic potential in the treatment of DE.
A STUDY OF THE END-RESULTS OF COMPRESSION ARTHRODESIS OF THE KNEE (1958)

1. An analysis of 171 cases of compression arthrodesis in the knee is presented. 2. A total success rate of 98Â·8 per cent was revealed. 3. The average time between operation and walking free of splintage was nine weeks. 4. When the compression was removed, after an average period of four weeks, 88Â·2 per cent of the knees already showed clinical union.
Web assessment-a model for the evaluation and the assessment of successful electronic commerce applications (2002)

Today many a Website features fancy graphics, well organized content, but rarely induces the visitor to come back on a regular basis (with exceptions of course). The electronic commerce revolution experiences a setback due to a lack of consumer interest and some potential customers turn their screens off rather than meddling their way through a purchase order. But why are customers so indifferent? This paper addresses a largely unexplored issue: the analysis of supposedly interactive electronic commerce applications. The paper defines the theoretical framework of the Web Assessment Model. The model builds on the three transaction phases-information, agreement, and settlement-and parts of a product performance system to embrace the notion of community-a central issue in virtual environments-a further phase is added, and media inherent criteria are derived. The paper closes by applying the model to the Web site of Swissair, the national airline of Switzerland.
Principles and practice of electrotherapy (1987)

The 4th Edition of this text provides a manual that describes the indications, contraindications, and application techniques of electrotherapy. The author shares his point of view throughout, emphasising treatment techniques, clinical skills, and innovative treatment planning.
Protective Effect of Panax ginseng on TCDD-induced Liver Toxicity in Male Guinea Pigs (2003)

This study was carried out to investigate the preventive and therapeutic effect of Panax ginseng water extract (PG-WE) on the toxicity induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), one of the most notorious toxic environmental pollutants belonging to the group of polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. Normal control (NC) group guinea pigs (180~200 g) received vehicle and saline, and TCDD-treated (TT) group was given TCDD and saline. P100 and P200 group animals received PG-WE for 28 days since 1 week before TCDD exposure at daily doses of 100 ㎎/㎏ b.w. and/or 200 ㎎/㎏ b.w., respectively. C100 and C200 group received PG-WE for 14 days starting 1 week after TCDD-exposure. Toxicity was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of TCDD (1 ㎍/㎏ b.w.). Abnormal increase in AST and ALT activities in TT group was significantly improved by the administration of PG-WE. Microscopically, there were mild to moderate swelling of hepatocytes, hyperchromatism of individual cells, acidophilic cytoplasm and cytoplasmic vacuolation of some hepatocytes, slight to moderate variations of staining density, occasional single cell necrosis, variable size and shape of some hepatocytes, small groups of degenerating hepatocytes surrounded by mononuclear cells, dilated sinusoids of centrilobular zone and some loss of lobular architecture in TT group liver. From these results, we could find the protective and therapeutic role of PG-WE in TCDD-induced liver toxicity by examining the blood chemical parameters and histopathological observation.
Atomic-Scale Engineering of the SiC-SiO<sub>2</sub> Interface (2000)

We report results from three distinct but related thrusts that aim to elucidate the atomic-scale structure and properties of the Sic-SiO{sub 2} interface. (a) First-principles theoretical calculations probe the global bonding arrangements and the local processes during oxidation; (b) Z-contrast atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron-energy-loss spectroscopy provide images and interface spectra, and (c) nuclear techniques and electrical measurements are used to profile N at the interface and determine interface trap densities.
Integrated Optics Approach For High-Density Optical Interconnections In High-Speed Multichip IC Packages (1987)

The area requirements for routing and distributing guided-wave optical signals using gradual waveguide curves and branches will severely restrict the utilization of optical interconnects in future multichip IC packages. This paper addresses the use of total internal reflection in abrupt guided-wave optical components for realizing high-density optical interconnect circuits that eliminate this area constraint. We have measured excess insertion losses of 0.2-0.5 dB at 830 nm for 90° waveguide corner bends, branches, and crossovers for both E<sup>y</sup> and E<sup>x</sup> polarizations in 5-micron- and 10-micron-wide multimode channels. These loss figures are expected to provide sufficient optical power margins for all point-to-point interconnects in a targeted high-speed multichip VLSI/GaAs package for signal processing applications.
Association of TRAF1, TRAF2, and TRAF3 with an Epstein-Barr Virus LMP1 Domain Important for B-Lymphocyte Transformation: Role in NF-κB Activation (1996)

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transforming protein LMP1 appears to be a constitutively activated tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) on the basis of an intrinsic ability to aggregate in the plasma membrane and an association of its cytoplasmic carboxyl terminus (CT) with TNFR-associated factors (TRAFs). We now show that in EBV-transformed B lymphocytes most of TRAF1 or TRAF3 and 5% of TRAF2 are associated with LMP1 and that most of LMP1 is associated with TRAF1 or TRAF3. TRAF1, TRAF2, and TRAF3 bind to a single site in the LMP1 CT corresponding to amino acids (aa) 199 to 214, within a domain which is important for B-lymphocyte growth transformation (aa 187 to 231). Further deletional and alanine mutagenesis analyses and comparison with TRAF binding sequences in CD40, in CD30, and in the LMP1 of other lymphycryptoviruses provide the first evidence that PXQXT/S is a core TRAF binding motif. The negative effects of point mutations in the LMP1(1-231) core TRAF binding motif on TRAF binding and NF-kappaB activation genetically link the TRAFs to LMP1(1-231)-mediated NF-kappaB activation. NF-kappaB activation by LMP1(1-231) is likely to be mediated by TRAF1/TRAF2 heteroaggregates since TRAF1 is unique among the TRAFs in coactivating NF-kappaB with LMP1(1-231), a TRAF2 dominant-negative mutant can block LMP1(1-231)-mediated NF-kappaB activation as well as TRAF1 coactivation, and 30% of TRAF2 is associated with TRAF1 in EBV-transformed B cells. TRAF3 is a negative modulator of LMP1(1-231)-mediated NF-kappaB activation. Surprisingly, TRAF1, -2, or -3 does not interact with the terminal LMP1 CT aa 333 to 386 which can independently mediate NF-kappaB activation. The constitutive association of TRAFs with LMP1 through the aa 187 to 231 domain which is important in NF-kappaB activation and primary B-lymphocyte growth transformation implicates TRAF aggregation in LMP1 signaling.
Cationic Liposomes Loaded with Proapoptotic Peptide<scp>d</scp>-(KLAKLAK)<sub>2</sub>and Bcl-2 Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotide G3139 for Enhanced Anticancer Therapy (2009)

The treatment of cancer using macromolecular therapeutics such as oligonucleotides or peptides requires efficient delivery systems capable of intracellular penetration and may also benefit from use of a combination of therapeutics with different mechanisms of action. With this possibility in mind, we constructed cationic liposome loaded with the proapoptotic peptide, d-(KLAKLAK)(2) and the Bcl-2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide, G3139, and determined whether the combination of the proapoptotic macromolecules in a single cationic liposome can enhance antitumor efficacy. Advantage was taken of alternating charge interaction to entrap macromolecules of opposite charge. The polycationic peptide d-(KLAKLAK)(2) was first condensed with the polyanionic oligodeoxynucleotide G3139 to obtain overall negatively charged peptide/oligodeoxynucleotide complexes. The complexes were then entrapped into DOTAP/DOPE cationic liposomes (CL). This sequential charge interaction ensured efficient entrapment of d-(KLAKLAK)(2) and G3139 with a high loading efficiency (50%) and capacity (7.5 wt %). In vitro treatment of mouse melanoma B16(F10) with CL loaded with d-(KLAKLAK)(2)/G3139 led to significantly enhanced antitumor efficacy, mediated by stimulated induction of apoptotic (caspase 3/7) activity, when compared to CL loaded with G3139 alone. Intratumoral injection of CL loaded with d-(KLAKLAK)(2)/G3139 in B16(F10) mice xenograft also led to suppressed tumor growth associated with enhanced apoptotic activity. Thus, the combination of proapoptotic peptide d-(KLAKLAK)(2) and antisense oligonucleotide G3139 in a cationic liposome led to enhanced apoptotic/antitumor efficacy and may provide a promising tool for cancer treatment.
Joint statistics of irradiance and its duration measured in strong refractive turbulence (1986)

We measured the time series of irradiance from a diverged He-Ne laser using 3- and 7-mm receiver aperture sizes that simulated the day-adapted and night-adapted human pupil. The propagation range was 1 km at a height of 2 m above flat grassland. The data are within the saturation-of-scintillation regime wherein the irradiance variance decreases with further increases of propagation distance and refractive turbulence strength.