gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AERIAL SPRAY DEPOSIT RELATIONS WITH PLANT CANOPY ANDWEATHER PARAMETERS (1998)

Relationships were developed to determine the effects of plant canopy characteristics and weather parameterson aerial spray deposits on cotton and cantaloupe foliage. Deposits were quantified both by fluorometric analysis of leafwashes and image analysis of water sensitive paper cards fastened to foliage. Deposit variables included deposit volume,percent of area covered, drop density (drops/cm2), and volume median diameter of deposited drops. In cantaloupecanopies, aircraft airspeed did not significantly explain the variation of any of the deposit variables. If underleaf depositionis important, the results indicate that ambient wind, especially that component parallel to the crop row, is beneficial.Higher ambient temperatures should be avoided if the drop density on the underside of leaves is important. The volumemedian diameter of drops deposited on the underside of leaves increased while the volume median diameter of dropsdeposited on the upper side of leaves decreased as with-row wind increased. In cotton canopies, deposit volume and size ofdeposited drops decreased as aircraft airspeed increased. Deposits on the underside of leaves at the TOP canopy levelincreased as with-row wind increased. Cross wind had a positive effect on spray deposits at both canopy levels. Increasedrelative humidity significantly increased deposits at the MID canopy level but had no significant effect at the TOP canopylevel. Deposited drops tended to be larger at the higher relative humidities. Deposits and size of drops deposited at the MIDcanopy level decreased as leaf area index (LAI) increased. Regression models based on measurements with the LAI meterhad similar form and R2 values as models based on manual measurement of LAI for cotton canopies.
10-μm propagation losses in hollow dielectric waveguides (1977)

Experiments are described and results presented of measurements of the propagation losses of 10-μm radiation in hollow dielectric tubes of the type commonly used in the fabrication of waveguide CO2 lasers. The dependence of such losses on the waveguide diameter and material were investiated and are compared with values calculated from theory. The attenuation coefficient of the fundamental hybrid EH11 mode is seen to vary inversely as the diameter cubed and to be very sensitive to tube camber and to the presence of impurities adhering to the wall surface.
A Compromise Decision Support Problem for Axiomatic and Robust Design (1995)

Compromise Decision Support Problems (DSPs) are used to model engineering decisions involving multiple trade-offs. In this paper, we focus on how to use such decision models to perform both axiomatic and robust design simultaneously. A compromise DSP is presented and solved for the concurrent achievement of the functional requirements, Suh’s independence axiom and his information content axiom. A model for the selection of the principal design parameters from a set of design parameters is included in this compromise DSP. Taguchi’s signal-to-noise ratio is used as a metric for the reduction of the information content and increasing the robustness of the design. As an example, a compromise DSP for designing an electrical network is presented.
Fractal (Reconstructive Analogue) Memory (1992)

This paper 1 proposes a new approach to mental imagery that has the potential for resolving an old debate. We show that the methods by which fractals emerge from dynamical systems provide a natural computational framework for the relationship between the “deep ” representations of long-term visual memory and the “surface” representations of the visual array, a distinction which was proposed by (Kosslyn, 1980). The concept of an iterated function system (IFS) as a highly compressed representation for a complex topological set of points in a metric space (Barnsley, 1988) is embedded in a connectionist model for mental imagery tasks. Two advantages of this approach over previous models are the capability for topological transformations of the images, and the continuity of the deep representations with respect to the surface representations. The Imagery Debate The phenomena of mental imagery is widely disputed among cognitive scientists primarily because it occupies a position in the boundary between perception and cognition. On the one hand, mental images seem to be purely symbolic structural descriptions that are independent of any perceptual mechanisms. In this way images are no different from any other knowledge structures and therefore require no special purpose mechanisms, but can be reasoned about and operated on in the traditional propositional fashion. On the other hand, mental images seem to be represented by a special-purpose cognitive architecture that shares components with the visual perceptual system. Under this approach, additional mechanisms must be proposed for inspecting, transforming, and reasoning about images, providing a means for translating between purely symbolic representations and the “visual buffer”. This latter view that mental imagery is performed in an analogue, “pictorial ” medium began to regain accep-
Mechanical properties of graphene and boronitrene (2012)

We present an equation of state (EOS) that describes how the hydrostatic change in surface area is related to two-dimensional in-plane pressure ($\mathcal{F}$) and yields the measure of a material's resilience to isotropic stretching (the layer modulus $\ensuremath{\gamma}$) as one of its fit parameters. We give results for the monolayer systems of graphene and boronitrene, and we also include results for Si, Ge, GeC, and SiC in the isostructural honeycomb structure for comparison. Our results show that, of the honeycomb structures, graphene is the most resilient to stretching with a value of ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\text{C}}$ = $206.6$ N m${}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, second is boronitrene with ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\text{BN}}$ = $177.0$ N m${}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, followed by ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\text{SiC}}$ = 116.5 N m${}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\text{GeC}}$ = 101.0 N m${}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\text{Si}}$ = 44.5 N m${}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, and ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\text{Ge}}$ = 29.6 N m${}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. We calculate the Young's and shear moduli from the elastic constants and find that, in general, they rank according to the layer modulus. We also find that the calculated layer modulus matches the one obtained from the EOS. We use the EOS to predict the isotropic intrinsic strength of the various systems and find that, in general, the intrinsic stresses also rank according to the layer modulus. Graphene and boronitrene have comparable strengths with intrinsic stresses of 29.4 and 26.0 N m${}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, respectively. We considered four graphene allotropes including pentaheptite and graphdiyne and find that pentaheptite has a value for $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ comparable to graphene. We find a phase transition from graphene to graphdiyne at $\mathcal{F}$ = $\ensuremath{-}7.0$ N m${}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. We also consider bilayer, trilayer, and four-layered graphene and find that the addition of extra layers results in a linear dependence of $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ with $\mathcal{F}$.
Magnetic resonance imaging–guided adoptive cellular immunotherapy of central nervous system tumors with a <i>T</i><sub>1</sub> contrast agent (2009)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most effective antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and are used in a variety of immunotherapeutic approaches. Adoptive cellular immunotherapy (ACI) of cancer using DCs has attracted much interest due to their capacity to promote immunity in prophylactic and therapeutic protocols. As one approach, DCs are injected into patients or tumor-bearing animals, to trigger specific antitumor immunity. In that framework, several approaches to DC delivery have been reported, including direct intratumoral injection; this has yielded positive but variable results. The underlying reasons for this have not been fully determined, but major hypotheses include technical difficulties in delivering cells into tumors and tumor-mediated immunosuppression. Image-guided ACI offers the potential to establish that DCs are efficiently delivered to the tumor site, which might eliminate some of the variability. Therefore, we developed highly sensitive methods for monitoring the injection or trafficking of DCs into tumors using a clinically approved formulation of a gadolinium-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, Gd(III)-HP-DO3A (ProHance). We determined the labeling efficiency of DCs with this formulation; that labeling DCs with this agent did not inhibit expression of surface markers important for antigen presentation and activation of naive T cells; that their capacity to interact with natural killer (NK) cells was not reduced; and that their migration was not diminished. Further, we determined that ProHance-labeled DCs can be effectively imaged in vivo in established central nervous system tumors.
RITANSERIN BLOCKS ANORECTIC EFFECT OF D-FENFLURAMINE IN HUMAN SUBJECTS (1992)

*Academic Unit of Human Psychopharmacology, Medical College of St. Bartholomews Hospital; +MRC Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Oxford
Reduced complexity short-block data detection techniques for fading time-dispersive channels (2002)

The achievement of reliable digital communications over fading channels with severe time-dispersion is considered. Two short-block data detection techniques based on linear and nonlinear decision-directed estimation principles are investigated. Short alternating blocks of data and training symbols are used. The training blocks are useful for both channel tracking and data block detection. In contrast to the recursive symbol-by-symbol equalization approaches usually used, each data block is detected as a unit. Previous restrictions imposed on short-block detection schemes have been removed, resulting in reduced complexity algorithms and higher throughput efficiency. Performance is presented for QPSK (quadrature phase shift keying) type signaling using a Rayleigh fading channel model with severe time-dispersion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Laser-frequency stabilization using a lock-in amplifier (2002)

We describe how a lock-in amplifier can be used in a feedback loop to lock the frequency of a laser to an atomic transition in 85 Rb. A simple physical explanation is presented to describe the shape of the feedback signal generated by the "lock in" and the dependence of this signal on the phase of the reference signal. We also present a mathematical model of the feedback signal. Using the output of the lock in as feedback, we show that the laser frequency can be stabilized to a few MHz. The experiment is relatively simple to set up and could easily be adapted as an undergraduate laboratory experiment. PACS No.: 42.60Mi
Experimental investigation of micro-mesoscale Knudsen compressor performance at low pressures (2007)

The Knudsen compressor, based on the temperature gradient driven rarefield flow phenomenon of thermal creep, is a solid-state, micro-mesoscale gas pump or compressor with no moving parts. Experimental studies have shown that micro-mesoscale Knudsen compressors can be operated efficiently by either resistive or radiant heating techniques, from inlet pressure up to about 10atm down to 3×104Pa. A study of the fundamental limitations encountered in reducing a micro-mesoscale Knudsen compressor’s operating inlet pressures to as low as 0.1Pa is the primary focus of the present work. At low pressures, several issues that affect the efficient operation of micro-mesoscale Knudsen compressors have been identified. These include the large membrane channel sizes that are required because of relatively large molecular mean free paths, “reverse” thermal creep flows in the connector sections due to finite connector channel to membrane channel size ratios, and membrane channel exit vortices introduced by high conductance membrane channels. Mechanically machined aerogel membranes, with either capillaries or rectangular channels, have been investigated and demonstrated as attractive membrane candidates for the operation of low-pressure Knudsen compressors. Flow coefficients calculated from the linearized Boltzmann equation for long straight channels were adapted to estimate a Knudsen compressor’s performance. The Knudsen compressor pressure ratios observed in the experiments were lower than those estimated using the flow coefficients. Complex internal flow circulations, induced by a synergistic combination of membrane channel exit vortices and reverse thermal creep flows, are proposed as the cause of the lower pressure ratios. Such flow phenomena cannot be estimated by flow coefficients alone. Rigorous and computationally intensive simulation studies will be necessary to predict accurately the effects of these internal flow circulations.
On-chip transaction level debug support for system-on-chips (2009)

This paper introduces a method to raise the debug abstraction level of communications to transaction level in post-silicon verification. The method is based on on-chip instrumentation using formal specifications of the on-chip bus communication protocols. Furthermore, we present a method for automatic analysis of extracted transactions to find potential erroneous transaction sequences. The post analysis method searches for certain patterns to find potential problems such as deadlock and race. To show the feasibility of the method, it is applied to a number of on chip buses. It is shown that the area overhead of the method is very low and it is effective to locate bugs.
Tunable guided-mode resonant filter with wedged waveguide layer fabricated by masked ion beam etching (2016)

A compact, tunable guided-mode resonant (GMR) filter whose spectral reflectance wavelength varies as a function of the spatial position on the device is experimentally demonstrated. The filter incorporates a wedge-shaped waveguide layer that is fabricated using masked ion beam etching (MIBE) technology. A ceramic plate mask consisting of an isosceles triangular window is placed between the ion source and the sample to achieve different etching times at difference locations on the film. The increment in the magnitude of the film thickness is approximately 50 nm over a length of 33 mm, which results in a primary reflectance peak whose spectral location spans the range of 684.2-725.3 nm. The device is designed using the rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) method, and the proposed device is directed toward the practical application of GMR tunable filters.
n -type electrical conduction in transparent thin films of delafossite-type AgInO2 (1998)

Thin films of AgInO2 were prepared to find a transparent and n-type conducting oxide with a delafossite structure. This is a candidate material for fabricating a pn junction with the recently found p type conducting and transparent CuAlO2 delafossite. Nondoped and 5% Sn-doped thin films were deposited on a silica glass substrate by radio-frequency sputtering. The crystalline phase in the films was identified to be the delafossite structure by x-ray diffraction and chemical composition was confirmed to be an Ag/In ratio=1.00/0.97 by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy. The optical band gap was estimated from absorption spectra to be ∼4.4 eV, and the thin films were transparent up to near ultraviolet region. Electrical conductivities of the nondoped and 5% Sn-doped AgInO2 films at room temperature were 1×10−5 and 6×100 S cm−1, respectively. Measurements of Hall voltage and Seebeck coefficient (−50 μV K−1) suggested the conduction in the Sn-doped film to be n type. Carrier concentration and Hall mobility in the doped film were 2.7×1019 cm−3 and 0.47 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively.
Electrothermally activated paraffin microactuators (2002)

A new family of electrothermally activated microactuators that can provide both large displacements and forces, are simple to fabricate, and are easily integrated with a large variety of microelectronic and microfluidic components are presented. The actuators use the high volumetric expansion of a sealed, surface micromachined patch of paraffin heated near its melting point to deform a sealing diaphragm. Two types of actuators have been fabricated using a simple three mask fabrication process. The first device structure consists of a 9 /spl mu/m thick circularly patterned paraffin layer ranging in diameter from 400 to 800 /spl mu/m all covered with a 4-/spl mu/m-thick metallized p-xylylene sealing diaphragm. All fabricated devices produced a 2.7-/spl mu/m-peak center deflection, consistent with a simple first order theory. The second actuator structure uses a constrained volume reservoir that magnifies the diaphragm deflection producing consistently 3.2 /spl mu/m center diaphragm deflection with a 3-/spl mu/m-thick paraffin actuation layer. Microactuators were constructed on both glass and silicon substrates. The actuators fabricated on glass substrates used between 50-200 mW of electrical power with response times ranging between 30-50 ms. The response time for silicon devices was much faster (3-5 ms) at the expense of a larger electrical power (500-2000 mW).
Tetratetrazole macrocycles (1992)

R. N. Butler, K. F. Quinn and B. Welke, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1992, 1481 DOI: 10.1039/C39920001481
Experimentally Induced Lipid Peroxidation after Exposure to Chromium, Mercury or Silver: Interactions with Carbon Tetrachloride (1992)

Chromium, along with other heavy metals, induces an increased production of malondialdehyde (MDA), an indicator of lipid peroxidation, in liver and kidney tissue of NMRI male mice. After acute intoxications MDA levels remain high for 60 min. and thereafter return to normal in the kidney whereas MDA levels in liver are still increased 48 hr after exposure. Exposure of mice to chromium, mercury, or silver and another stimulator of lipid peroxidation, carbon tetrachloride, showed synergism between inorganic mercury and CCl4. Pre-exposure to chromium, organic mercury, or silver at selected doses did not enhance CCl4-toxicity as measured by organ content of MDA.
Sensing the Crowds Using Bluetooth Low Energy Tags (2016)

Sensing the crowds to understand crowd dynamics can be a challenging task. Passive sensing techniques such as camera-based sensing can provide flow detection, people counting, and density estimation, but they fail to provide accurate identification of individuals mobility patterns. Active techniques such as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags given to people require expensive RFID readers deployed to perform sensing. In this paper, we propose to use Bluetooth low energy (BLE) tagging as an alternative method. When low-cost BLE tags are set in advertisement mode, they can be detected by smartphones. In this paper, we design an architecture for sensing the crowds by requiring a large population carrying relatively cheap off-the-shelf BLE proximity tags, and considerably fewer participants to run scanning application on their smartphones to collect data. We performed a large experimental deployment with 600 tags and ten smartphones conducted during the five days of the world largest annual gathering (The Hajj). We were able to achieve ~90% detectability rate while effectively reconstructing the routes of the participants.
Simultaneous Determination of Decursin, Decursinol Angelate, Nodakenin, and Decursinol of Angelica gigas Nakai in Human Plasma by UHPLC-MS/MS: Application to Pharmacokinetic Study (2018)

Coumarins in Cham-dang-gwi, the dried root of <i>Angelica gigas</i> Nakai (AGN), possess pharmacological effects on anemia, pain, infection, and articular rheumatism. The AGN root containes decursin (D), decursinol angelate (DA), nodakenin, and decursinol (DOH), a major metabolite of D and DA. The aim of this study was to develop a simultaneous determination method for these four coumarins in human plasma using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Chromatographic separation was performed on dual columns (Kinetex<sup>®</sup> C<sub>18</sub> column and Capcell core C<sub>18</sub> column) with mobile phase consisting of water and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min using gradient elution. Multiple reaction monitoring was operated in positive ion mode with precursors to product ion transition values of <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> 328.9→228.8, 328.9→228.9, 409.4→248.8, and 246.8→212.9 to measure D, DA, nodakenin, and DOH, respectively. Linear calibration curves were fitted over concentration range of 0.05⁻50 ng/mL for these four components, with correlation coefficient greater than 0.995. Inter- and intra-day accuracies were between 90.60% and 108.24%. These precisions were within 11.19% for all components. The established method was then applied to a pharmacokinetic study for the four coumarins after usual dosing in Korean subjects.
[Hippocampal activity with twofold theta-frequency]. (2006)

Results obtained by the author and literature data concerning a peak of the power spectrum of hippocampal theta activity of a rat in the range of twofold theta frequency (12-20 Hz) are analyzed. The results of author's research of the signal corresponding to the second frequency group of spectrum (a twofold theta-frequency harmonic with adjoining frequency components) suggests the existence of a high-frequency component in the hippocampal theta activity regulated independently of the main theta wave. An attempt to coordinate the obtained results with the contemporary ideas about the structure of the hippocampal EEG and to explain the results of some works that does not correspond to these ideas is made. Some hypotheses about the origin and regulation of the high-frequency component of the theta activity are proposed. A particular role of the high-frequency component in different modes of activation of hippocampus is demonstrated.
Role of Class B Scavenger Receptor Type I in Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Rat Spermatogenic Cells by Sertoli Cells (1999)

Rat Sertoli cells phagocytose apoptotic spermatogenic cells, which consist mostly of spermatocytes, in primary culture by recognizing phosphatidylserine (PS) exposed on the surface of degenerating spermatogenic cells. We compared the mode of phagocytosis using spermatogenic cells at different stages of spermatogenesis. Spermatogenic cells were separated into several groups based on their ploidy, with purities of 60-90%. When the fractionated spermatogenic cell populations were subjected to a phagocytosis assay, cells with ploidies of 1n, 2n, and 4n were almost equally phagocytosed by Sertoli cells. All the cell populations exposed PS on the cell surface, and phagocytosis of all cell populations was similarly inhibited by the addition of PS-containing liposomes. Class B scavenger receptor type I (SR-BI), a candidate for the PS receptor, was detected in Sertoli cells. Overexpression of the rat SR-BI cDNA increased the PS-mediated phagocytic activity of Sertoli cell-derived cell lines. Moreover, phagocytosis of spermatogenic cells by Sertoli cells was inhibited in the presence of an anti-SR-BI antibody. Finally, the addition of high density lipoprotein, a ligand specific for SR-BI, decreased both phagocytosis of spermatogenic cells and incorporation of PS-containing liposomes by Sertoli cells. In conclusion, SR-BI functions at least partly as a PS receptor, enabling Sertoli cells to recognize and phagocytose apoptotic spermatogenic cells at all stages of differentiation.