gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
0.15-μm RF CMOS technology compatible with logic CMOS for low-voltage operation (1998)

Radio Frequency (RF) CMOS is expected to replace bipolar and GaAs MESFETs in RF front-end ICs for mobile telecommunications devices in the near future. In order for the RF CMOS to be popularly used in this application, compatibility of its process for high-speed logic CMOS and low supply voltage operation are important for low fabrication cost and low power consumption. In this paper, a 0.15-/spl mu/m RF CMOS technology compatible with logic CMOS for low-voltage operation is described. Because the fabrication process is the same as the high-speed logic CMOS, manufacturability of this technology is excellent. Some of the passive elements can be integrated without changing the process and others can be integrated with the addition of a few optional processes. Mixed RF and logic CMOS devices in a one-chip LSI can be realized with relatively low cost. Excellent high-frequency characteristics of small geometry silicon MOSFETs with low-power supply voltage are demonstrated. Cutoff frequency of 42 GHz of n-MOSFETs, which is almost the same level at that of general high-performance silicon bipolar transistors, was obtained. N-MOSFET's maintained enough high cutoff frequency of 32 GHz even at extremely low supply voltage of 0.5 V. Moreover, it was confirmed that degradation of minimum noise figure for deep submicron MOSFETs with 0.5 V operation is sufficiently small compared with 2.0 V operation. These excellent high-frequency characteristics of small geometry silicon MOSFETs under low-voltage operation are suitable for mobile telecommunications applications.
Regulation of DNA nucleases by molecular crowding (2007)

Here, we examined the effects of molecular crowding on the function, structure and stability of nucleases. We found that the hydrolysis of a 29-mer double-stranded DNA by the endonucleases DNase I and S1 nuclease was substantially enhanced by molecular crowding using polyethylene glycol (PEG); however, molecular crowding had little effect on hydrolysis by exo III and exo I exonucleases. Moreover, kinetic analysis showed that the maximum velocity for the reaction of DNase I at 25 degrees C was increased from 0.1 to 2.7 microM/min by molecular crowding with 20% (w/v) PEG, whereas that of exonuclease I at 37 degrees C decreased from 2.2 to 0.4 microM/min. In contrast, molecular crowding did not significantly affect the Michaelis constant of DNase I or exonuclease I. These results indicate that molecular crowding has different effects on the catalytic activities of exonucleases and endonucleases.
Targeted gene replacements in a <i>Streptomyces</i> polyketide synthase gene cluster: role for the acyl carrier protein (1992)

A methodology was developed to construct any desired chromosomal mutation in the gene cluster that encodes the actinorhodin polyketide synthase (PKS) of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). A positive selection marker (resistance gene) is first introduced by double crossing-over into the chromosomal site of interest by use of an unstable delivery plasmid. This marker is subsequently replaced by the desired mutant allele via a second high-frequency double recombination event. The technology has been used to: (i) explore the significance of translational coupling between two adjacent PKS genes; (ii) prove that the acyl carrier protein (ACP) encoded by a gene in the cluster is necessary for the function of the actinorhodin PKS; (iii) provide genetic evidence supporting the hypothesis that serine 42 is the site of phosphopantetheinylation in the ACP of the actinorhodin PKS; and (iv) demonstrate that this ACP can be replaced by a Saccharopolyspora fatty acid synthase ACP to generate an active hybrid PKS.
Technologies And Performance For Linear And Two Dimensional Pyroelectric Arrays (1985)

Large arrays of pyroelectric detectors; linear or two-dimensional, have the potential to satisfy many of the increasing requirements for IR detection and imaging using uncooled sensors. This paper examines the design of these arrays and the technologies required in their fabrication. Key design features are the interfacing of the pyroelectric elements with low noise silicon preamplifiers or multiplexers, the thermal isolation of the pyroelectric elements, and device structures which lead to a reduced susceptibility to microphony. The basis for these designs is the well established lead zirconate ceramic as the pyroelectric. The technologies include the reticulation of this material by ion beam milling, and the bonding techniques for mounting the detector elements such as solder bump bonding.
Influence of precursor gas on SiGe epitaxial material quality in terms of structural and electrical defects (2016)

Abstract We have investigated the structural and electrical properties of n-type doped Si 1− x Ge x epitaxial layers ( x = 24–26%) grown by chemical vapor deposition with conventional [SiH 2 Cl 2 (DCS)/GeH 4 ] and high-order (Si 2 H 6 /Ge 2 H 6 ) precursor combinations. X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements were performed for characterization. The crystalline properties and surface morphology of the Si 1− x Ge x layer with Si 2 H 6 /Ge 2 H 6 grown at temperatures as low as 550 °C show good structural quality similar to that with DCS/GeH 4 grown at 615 °C. On the other hand, in terms of electrical properties, the DLTS measurement reveals the existence of vacancy-related complexes in the as-grown layer with Si 2 H 6 /Ge 2 H 6 . We found that post-deposition annealing at 200 °C for the Si 1− x Ge x epitaxial layer is effective for annihilating vacancy-related defects with densities down to as low as that of conventional precursors.
Computational Security Analysis of the UMTS and LTE Authentication and Key Agreement Protocols (2012)

We present a computational security analysis of the Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA) protocols for both Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). This work constitutes the first security analysis of LTE AKA to date and the first computationally sound analysis of UMTS AKA. Our work is the first formal analysis to consider messages that are sent in the core network, where we take into account details of the carrying protocol (i.e., MAP or Diameter) and of the mechanism for secure transport (i.e., MAPsec/TCAPsec or IPsec ESP). Moreover, we report on a deficiency in the protocol specifications of UMTS AKA and LTE AKA and the specifications of the core network security (called network domain security), which may enable efficient attacks. The vulnerability allows an inside attacker not only to impersonate an honest protocol participant during a run of the protocol but also to subsequently use wireless services on his behalf. UMTS AKA run over MAP with MAPsec seems vulnerable in the most straight-forward application of the attack. On the other hand, our analysis shows that UMTS and LTE AKA over Diameter/IPsec and UMTS AKA over MAP/TCAPsec (with sufficiently long session identifiers) computationally satisfy intended authentication properties as well as some key secrecy properties, assuming that the used primitives meet standard cryptographic assumptions.
Comparative analysis of complete nucleotide sequence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolates in Thailand (US and EU genotypes) (2009)

Overall, the results suggested that the Thai EU isolate (01CB1) may evolve from the EU prototype, Lelystad virus, whereas the Thai US isolate (01NP1) may originate and evolve from the vaccine virus or its derivatives. Interestingly, the US-MLV vaccine was not available in the Thai market in 2001. The Vaccine-like virus might have persisted in the imported pigs or semen and later spread in the Thai swine industry. This report is the first report of complete nucleotide sequences of the Thai PRRS viruses both EU and US genotypes.
Substrate Integrated Waveguides Slot Antenna Array with Heatsink Enclosed (2020)

In this paper, a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) slot antenna array combined with fin-shaped heatsink is designed. It consists of four 1×8 SIW slot antenna elements. The heatsink structure enclosed in the design enhances heat dissipation capability of the antenna array while maintaining the radiation performance of the original structure. The simulated -10 dB impedance bandwidth of the antenna array with and without heatsink are 6.5% and 6.4%, respectively. In addition, the realized gain are 19.16 dBi and 18.04 dBi at 28 GHz, respectively.
Antimicrobial Coatings with Dual Cationic and <i>N</i>-Halamine Character: Characterization and Biocidal Efficacy (2015)

A method to prepare an antimicrobial coating for food-handling materials is reported. Alternating layers of branched polyethylenimine and styrene maleic anhydride copolymer were applied onto the surface of polypropylene. The resulting coatings had low surface energy and presented enhanced antimicrobial character due to the presence of both cationic and N-halamine forming structures. In its unchlorinated form, the coating inactivated Listeria monocytogenes by ∼3 logarithmic cycles. In the form of N-halamines >5 logarithmic cycles were reached. Microbial inactivation kinetics showed a Weibullian behavior when the coating was unchlorinated and a sigmoidal behavior when chlorinated. Microscopy confirmed that the reduction in the microbial load was due to biocidal effects of the coating and not bacterial adhesion onto the modified surface. The modified surface was able to be repeatedly rechlorinated. Such rechargeable antimicrobial coatings may support improving food safety by reducing cross-contamination of microorganisms from food-processing equipment.
Mouse Paneth cell antimicrobial function is independent of Nod2 (2013)

Our data reveal that Nod2 does not directly regulate PC antimicrobial activity in B6 mice. Moreover, we demonstrate that previously reported Nod2-dependent influences on gut microbial composition may be overcome by environmental factors, such as cohousing with WT littermates.
Addition of Alendronate to Ongoing Hormone Replacement Therapy in the Treatment of Osteoporosis: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial<sup>1</sup> (1999)

Alendronate and estrogen are effective therapies for postmenopausal osteoporosis, but their efficacy and safety as combined therapy are unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the addition of alendronate to ongoing hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in the treatment of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. A total of 428 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, who had been receiving HRT for at least 1 yr, were randomized to receive either alendronate (10 mg/day) or placebo. HRT was continued in both groups. Changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and biochemical markers of bone turnover were assessed. Compared with HRT alone, at 12 months, alendronate plus HRT produced significantly greater increases in BMD of the lumbar spine (3.6% vs. 1.0%, P < 0.001) and hip trochanter (2.7% vs. 0.5%, P < 0.001); however, the between-group difference in BMD at the femoral neck was not significant (1.7% vs. 0.8%, P = 0.072). Biochemical markers of bone turnover (serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and urine N-telopeptide) decreased significantly at 6 and 12 months with alendronate plus HRT, and they remained within premenopausal levels. Addition of alendronate to ongoing HRT was generally well tolerated, with no significant between-group differences in upper gastrointestinal adverse events or fractures. This study demonstrated that, in postmenopausal women with low bone density despite ongoing treatment with estrogen, alendronate added to HRT significantly increased bone mass at both spine and hip trochanter and was generally well tolerated.
Inducing Spin Crossover in Metallo-supramolecular Polyelectrolytes through an Amphiphilic Phase Transition (2005)

A phase transition in an amphiphilic mesophase is explored to deliberately induce mechanical strain in an assembly of tightly coupled metal ion coordination centers. Melting of the alkyl chains in the amphiphilic mesophase causes distortion of the coordination geometry around the central transition metal ion. As a result, the crystal field splitting of the d-orbital subsets decreases resulting in a spin transition from a low-spin to a high-spin state. The diamagnetic-paramagnetic transition is reversible. This concept is demonstrated in a metallo-supramolecular coordination polyelectrolyte-amphiphile complex self-assembled from ditopic bis-terpyridines, Fe(II) as central transition metal, and dialkyl phosphates as amphiphiles. The magnetic properties are studied in a Langmuir-Blodgett multilayer. The modularity of this concept provides extensive control of structure and function from molecular to macroscopic length scales and gives access to a wide range of new molecular magnetic architectures such as nanostructures, thin films, and liquid crystals.
Ethical and Legal Issues in Non???Heart-Beating Organ Donation (2005)

Procurement of kidneys and livers from non-heart-beating donors (NHBD) raises ethical and legal issues that need to be considered before wider use of these donors is undertaken. Although NHBDs were used in kidney transplantation as early as the 1960s, retrieval of these organs is not universally accepted today. From a medical point of view, these organs were considered "marginal" because the majority showed delayed or impaired function early after implantation. Legal problems relate to determination of death on cardiopulmonary criteria, the issue of valid consent, and the use of preservation measures. Among ethical issues involved are observance of the dead-donor rule, decisions with respect to resuscitation and withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment, respect for the dying patient and the dead body, and proper guidance of the family. In The Netherlands NHB donation was pioneered by the Maastricht Centre as early as 1981. Today, all seven transplant centers procure and transplant these organs, and NHBDs have become an important source of transplantable kidneys and livers. Recent legislation in The Netherlands also supports NHB donation by allowing the use of organ-preserving measures, even in the absence of family consent. As a result, one of every three kidneys transplanted in The Netherlands in 2004 derives from a NHBD. This article explores Dutch NHBD practice, protocols, and results and compares these data internationally.
Fracture mechanical life-time investigation of glass frit-bonded sensors (2006)

The long-term mechanical stability of the wafer level package is an important aspect in the reliability approach of MEMS products. Glass frit bonding is one of the most widely used bonding technologies. Since the glass frit bond frame is subjected to thermal stresses due to different thermal expansion coefficients of glass and silicon it constitutes a potential weak link of the package. Therefore, a reliability approach of a glass frit bonded MEMS device has to consider carefully its possible long term failure mechanisms. In particular, crack corrosion of the glass intermediate layer might lead to delayed failure of the device. In this paper, newly developed fracture mechanical measurement techniques as well as the numerical modeling of the experiments that allow determination of the fracture toughness and the crack growth rates of glass frit bonded micro samples are presented. A first fracture mechanical lifetime approach based on subcritical crack growth of initial defects in the glass frit bond frame is discussed. The obtained results form the basis for the lifetime prediction of glass frit bonded MEMS devices
Forum: Role of Oxidation in Atherosclerosis GLYCOXIDATION AND LIPOXIDATION IN ATHEROGENESIS (2000)

Abstract—Atherosclerosis may be viewed as an age-related disease initiated by nonenzymatic, chemical reactions in a biological system. The peroxidation of lipids in lipoproteins in the vascular wall leads to local production of reactive carbonyl species that mediate recruitment of macrophages, cellular activation and proliferation, and chemical modifi-cation of vascular proteins by advanced lipoxidation end-products (ALEs). The ALEs and their precursors affect the structure and function of the vascular wall, setting the stage for atherogenesis. The increased risk for atherosclerosis in diabetes may result from additional carbonyl production from carbohydrates and additional chemical modification of proteins by advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Failure to maintain homeostasis and the increase in oxidizable substrate (lipid) alone, rather than oxidative stress, is the likely source of the increase in reactive carbonyl precursors and the resultant ALEs and AGEs in atherosclerosis. Nucleophilic AGE-inhibitors, such as aminoguanidine and pyridoxamine, which trap reactive carbonyls and inhibit the formation of AGEs in diabetes, also trap bioactive lipids and precursors of ALEs in atherosclerosis. These drugs should be effective in retarding the development of athero-
Construction of Collagen Scaffolds That Mimic the Three-Dimensional Architecture of Specific Tissues (2007)

Every tissue and organ has its own 3-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrix (ECM) organization. Cells in a 3D bioscaffold for tissue engineering typically align new ECM components according to the bioscaffold provided. Therefore, scaffolds with a specific 3D structural design resembling the actual ECM of a particular tissue may have great potential in tissue engineering. Here, we show that, using specific freezing regimes, 3D scaffolds that mimic the 3D architecture of specific tissues can be made from collagen. Three examples are given, namely, scaffolds resembling the cup-shaped parenchymal (alveolar) architecture of lung, scaffolds that mimic the parallel collagen organization of tendon, and scaffolds that mimic the 3D organization of skin. For the preparation of these tissue-specific scaffolds, we relied on simple techniques without the need for expensive or customized equipment. Freezing rate, type of suspension medium, and additives (e.g., ethanol) were found to be prime parameters in controlling scaffold morphology.
Ultra Wideband Demystified Technologies, Applications, and System Design Considerations (2022)

Ultra Wideband Demystified: Technologies, Applications, and System Design Considerations is a comprehensive text for emerging high speed short range wireless technology of Ultra Wideband. It provides background concepts and information on evolving standards and their development efforts, radio technology, practical system design/implementation and real life applications. The book also deliberates on the regulatory frameworks, security aspects and power management techniques essential to Ultra Wideband usage in consumer devices like portable handheld mobile devices. Important topics as UWB common radio usage for adapting to different existing/new applications and upper layer protocols like Wireless USB are also discussed.ContentsAbstract :• Introduction to Short Range Wireless;• Introduction to Ultra Wideband;• Evolution of UWB Standards;• Physical Layer;• Medium Access Layer;• Advanced MAC Features;• UWB System Design;• Adaptation to Multiple Applications;• Wireless USB;• Converging Marketplace; ReferencesForeword"This book is very timely, unique and fresh in its approach, coming from engineers who have been involved in system design and standard development stages. In particular, the book stands out amongst other literature available because it highlights system designer's viewpoints and because of it covering the whole gamut of technology from practitioner's viewpoints ... I would strongly recommend this book to System Designers, Practicing Engineers, Researchers in Academia and Industry, Product Marketing and Technical strategists for a comprehensive reading on the emerging UWB technologies. I commend Sunil Jogi and Manoj Choudhary for a very timely contribution."Bart Vertenten Chief Architect Connectivity, NXP Semiconductors
Structure-guided design of purine-based probes for selective Nek2 inhibition (2016)

Nek2 (NIMA-related kinase 2) is a cell cycle-dependent serine/threonine protein kinase that regulates centrosome separation at the onset of mitosis. Overexpression of Nek2 is common in human cancers and suppression can restrict tumor cell growth and promote apoptosis. Nek2 inhibition with small molecules, therefore, offers the prospect of a new therapy for cancer. To achieve this goal, a better understanding of the requirements for selective-inhibition of Nek2 is required. 6-Alkoxypurines were identified as ATP-competitive inhibitors of Nek2 and CDK2. Comparison with CDK2-inhibitor structures indicated that judicious modification of the 6-alkoxy and 2-arylamino substituents could achieve discrimination between Nek2 and CDK2. In this study, a library of 6-cyclohexylmethoxy-2-arylaminopurines bearing carboxamide, sulfonamide and urea substituents on the 2-arylamino ring was synthesized. Few of these compounds were selective for Nek2 over CDK2, with the best result being obtained for 3-((6-(cyclohexylmethoxy)-9H-purin-2-yl)amino)-N,N-dimethylbenzamide (CDK2 IC50 = 7.0 μM; Nek2 IC50 = 0.62 μM) with >10-fold selectivity. Deletion of the 6-substituent abrogated activity against both Nek2 and CDK2. Nine compounds containing an (E)-dialkylaminovinyl substituent at C-6, all showed selectivity for Nek2, e.g. (E)-6-(2-(azepan-1-yl)vinyl)-N-phenyl-9H-purin-2-amine (CDK2 IC50 = 2.70 μM; Nek2 IC50 = 0.27 μM). Structural biology of selected compounds enabled a partial rationalization of the observed structure activity relationships and mechanism of Nek2 activation. This showed that carboxamide 11 is the first reported inhibitor of Nek2 in the DFG-in conformation.
Investigação da variabilidade genética do rebanho mantiqueira através de polimorfismos protéicos I. caracterização genética e estudos comparativos (1997)

O bovino Mantiqueira é atualmente considerado uma raça nativa brasileira, resultante de um dos programas de seleção do Instituto de Zootecnia para produção de leite a pasto. A caracterização da variabilidade foi realizada através de análises eletroforéticas. Alguns sistemas protéicos foram escolhidos por apresentarem determinados alelos que ocorrem em freqÃ¼ências específicas, ou alelos exclusivos de raças pertencentes aos grupos Bos indicus eBos taurus, tais como os alelos Caz e Albc e os alelos Caf e Pep-B3, respectivamente. Para o rebanho Mantiqueira, as respectivas freqÃ¼ências dos alelos HbA, Hbh, Cas, Caf, Pep- B1, Pep-B2, Pep-B3, Am-IB, Am-Ic, AlbA , AlbB, TfA, TfD TfEforam 0,962 ± 0,013 e 0,038 ± 0,013; 0,890 ± 0,022 e 0,110 ± 0,022; 0,118 ± 0,023, 0,818 ± 0,026 e 0,064 ± 0,015; 0,547 ± 0,033 e 0,453 ± 0,033; 0,897 ± 0,021 e 0,103 ± 0,021; 0,256 ± 0,029; 0,573 ± 0,030 e 0,171 ± 0,024. Os valores de P, Pa, Ap e H, que expressam a variabilidade genética existente nos Iocos da Hb, CA, Pep-B, PGD, SOD, Am-I, Alb e Tf, foram os seguintes: 0,750; 0,8890; 2,3 e 0,1814 ± 0,0683. Esses altos valores obtidos no rebanho Mantiqueira, quando comparados com as raças européias, sugerem que esse rebanho apresenta um grande potencial para programas de seleção e melhoramento. Além disso, a não ocorrência de alelos específicos zebuínos no rebanho estudado sugere que, se originalmente presentes, os alelos foram substituídos pelos da raça Holandesa, há muitas décadas.
Optimal exposure control for high dynamic range imaging (2010)

A common technique used to acquire high dynamic range image data is that of exposure bracketing-short exposure times are required to capture bright regions of the image without saturation, whereas long exposure times are needed to capture darker image regions effectively. This article describes how to take into account the statistics of the photon arrival process to derive optimal exposure control for maximizing signal recoverability in high dynamic range imaging.
Lectin‐like oxidized low‐density lipoprotein receptor 1 pathways (2013)

The current review revisits LOX-1 and its related pathways, implicating LOX-1 as a target for ameliorating various pathological conditions.