gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sparse and shift-invariant feature extraction from non-negative data (2008)

In this paper we describe a technique that allows the extraction of multiple local shift-invariant features from analysis of non-negative data of arbitrary dimensionality. Our approach employs a probabilistic latent variable model with sparsity constraints. We demonstrate its utility by performing feature extraction in a variety of domains ranging from audio to images and video.
Field dependence of high-frequency magnetic noise in tunneling magnetoresistive heads (2006)

Thermal magnetization fluctuations in tunneling magnetoresistive heads with track width of ∼100nm have been studied through high-frequency magnetic noise measurement as a function of both transverse and longitudinal fields. The study suggests that in the dynamic region of the heads, the related power spectral density is determined by the magnetization fluctuations of the free layer. At high fields which drive the sensor to the magnetization saturation, an “abnormal” resonance with substantially high amplitude in comparison with that of the free layer is observed when the magnetization of the free layer is nearly antiparallel to that of the reference layer. This abnormal resonance is excluded from the spin torque effect. The detailed analysis suggests that this resonance is due to the magnetization fluctuations in the reference/pinned layers.
Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 Channel Localized to Non-Neuronal Airway Cells Promotes Non-Neurogenic Inflammation (2012)

Our results demonstrate that, although either TRPV1 or TRPA1 activation causes airway neurogenic inflammation, solely TRPA1 activation orchestrates an additional inflammatory response which is not neurogenic. This finding suggests that non-neuronal TRPA1 in the airways is functional and potentially capable of contributing to inflammatory airway diseases.
Bulk Handling of Brewers Spent Grain Containing Spent Diatomaceous Earth (1994)

Brewers spent grain (BSG) and brewers spent diatomaceous earth (BSDE) were blended into a mixture used as a feed supplement. This supplement, containing about 3% BSDE on a dry weight basis, provided an ecologically sound method of disposing of these by-products of brewing. A problem occurred during the shipmentBSDE generally segregates from the mixture and the percentage of BSDE as the bottom becomes too high for animal feed. Three other brewing by-products, brewers condensed soluble (BCS), centrifuge cake (CC), and pressed liquor (PL), were tested as adhesives to reduce BSDE segregation. The BCS was the most effective. Moisture contents of BSG and concentration levels of additive were important factors. The BSDE segregation was reduced by almost 30% when moisture content of BSG was increased from 4 to 9% w.b.; and by 53 and 88% at 5% and 15% concentration levels, respectively, when BCS was added to the test samples of 9% moisture content.
An Adhesive for Field Repair of Composites (1988)

Abstract : The strength, durability, storage, processability and field adaptability of the NADC adhesive have been thoroughly demonstrated, and its stress-strain behavior has been well characterized. Representative repairs have been successfully fabricated using the adducted adhesive system. Under structural evaluation the adhesive provided comfortable margins of safety for field process variability. Field evaluation has demonstrated the safe application of bonded patches under field conditions using existing common ground support equipment and maintenance personnel. The adhesive has been qualified to military specification MIL-A-85705 Adhesive, Aircraft for Structural Repair and has been approved for use on the AV-8B aircraft as a structural repair adhesive.
Estradiol and mTORC2 cooperate to enhance prostaglandin biosynthesis and tumorigenesis in TSC2-deficient LAM cells (2014)

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a progressive neoplastic disorder that leads to lung destruction and respiratory failure primarily in women. LAM is typically caused by tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) mutations resulting in mTORC1 activation in proliferative smooth muscle-like cells in the lung. The female predominance of LAM suggests that estradiol contributes to disease development. Metabolomic profiling identified an estradiol-enhanced prostaglandin biosynthesis signature in Tsc2-deficient (TSC(-)) cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Estradiol increased the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a rate-limiting enzyme in prostaglandin biosynthesis, which was also increased at baseline in TSC-deficient cells and was not affected by rapamycin treatment. However, both Torin 1 treatment and Rictor knockdown led to reduced COX-2 expression and phospho-Akt-S473. Prostaglandin production was also increased in TSC-deficient cells. In preclinical models, both Celecoxib and aspirin reduced tumor development. LAM patients had significantly higher serum prostaglandin levels than healthy women. 15-epi-lipoxin-A4 was identified in exhaled breath condensate from LAM subjects and was increased by aspirin treatment, indicative of functional COX-2 expression in the LAM airway. In vitro, 15-epi-lipoxin-A4 reduced the proliferation of LAM patient-derived cells in a dose-dependent manner. Targeting COX-2 and prostaglandin pathways may have therapeutic value in LAM and TSC-related diseases, and possibly in other conditions associated with mTOR hyperactivation.
Studies on the Contents of the Nutrients and the Nucleotides in Soup Stock During Cooking of Cow's Rumen-Reticulum (1989)

To estimate the nutritional values and the optimum cooking method of the Cow's rumen-reticulum (tripe) which is a Korean traditional food, the nutrients of raw tissue of tripes, the changes in total N, N, calcium and phosphorus contents and nucleotides and their related compounds contents in soup stock prepared of tripe tissues according to various boiling time period with saucepot or pressure cooker and various ratios of the water to the tripe (wt/wt) were measured. No significant difference was observed in nutrients contents between rumen (1st stomach) and reticulum (2nd stomach) which contained 83% moisture, 0.4-0.5% ash, 3% fat, 13% protein, 50-56 mg% calcium, 75-76 mg% phosphorus. 75-77 mg% N on fresh weight basis. The results obtained show that the significant loss of nutrients observed after removing epitherial cell layer from tripe, and in aspect of the nutrients contents, the nucletides contents, and the sensory evaluation score in soup stock, the optimum cooking time period of tripe was 8 hours in boiling in saucepot and 1 or 2 hours in cooking in pressure cooker, and the ratio of the water to the tripe (wt/wt) was above ten.
The aminosteroid U-73122 inhibits muscarinic receptor sequestration and phosphoinositide hydrolysis in SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells. A role for Gp in receptor compartmentation. (1991)

The relationship between muscarinic receptor activation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis and the sequestration of cell surface muscarinic receptors has been examined for both intact and digitonin-permeabilized human SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells. Addition of the aminosteroid 1-[6-[[17 beta-3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl]amino] hexyl]-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (U-73122) to intact cells resulted in the inhibition of oxotremorine-M-stimulated inositol phosphate release and of Ca2+ signaling by greater than 75%. In contrast, when phospholipase C was directly activated by the addition of the calcium ionophore ionomycin, inclusion of U-73122 had little inhibitory effect. Addition of U-73122 to intact cells also inhibited the agonist-induced sequestration of cell surface muscarinic receptors and their subsequent down-regulation with an IC50 value (4.1 microM) similar to that observed for inhibition of inositol phosphate release (3.7 microM). In contrast, when oxotremorine-M-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis was inhibited by depletion of extracellular Ca2+, no reduction in the extent of receptor sequestration was observed. When introduced into digitonin-permeabilized cells, U-73122 more markedly inhibited inositol phosphate release elicited by either oxotremorine-M or guanosine-5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) than that induced by added Ca2+. Addition of oxotremorine-M to permeabilized cells resulted in muscarinic receptor sequestration and down-regulation. Both the loss of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and activation of phosphoinositide hydrolysis in permeabilized cells were inhibited by the inclusion of guanosine-5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate). The results indicate that the agonist-induced sequestration of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in SK-N-SH cells requires the involvement of a GTP-binding protein but not the production of phosphoinositide-derived second messenger molecules.
Evaluation of Water Content and Average Droplet Size in Water-in-Crude Oil Emulsions by Means of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (2008)

The main objective of this work is evaluating the influence of water content and average droplet size upon the near-infrared (NIR) spectra collected during water-in-crude oil emulsions synthesis and observing whether NIR spectroscopy may be used for predicting these properties simultaneously. It is shown that NIR spectra are sensitive to changes of the water content and average droplet size and that standard empirical models [partial least-squares (PLS)] may be built to correlate these properties and total absorbance at the NIR region properly. Finally, it is shown that these models, built with off-line experiments, allow for the online evaluation of average droplet size and water content in water-in-crude oil emulsions with NIR spectroscopy when low water content (<5 wt %) is involved.
Increase of Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease After Exercise-Induced Ischemia (2004)

Patients with symptomatic CAD respond to a single episode of exercise-induced myocardial ischemia with a time-dependent increase in circulating EPCs. This increase may be related to and preceded by an increase in plasma VEGF.
Influence of mixer nozzle velocity decay characteristics on CTOL-OTWjet noise shielding (1975)

Jet noise shielding benefits for CTOL engine-over-the-wing configurations were obtained with model scale multitube and lobed mixer nozzles and various shielding surface geometries. Spectral data were obtained with jet velocities from 585 to 1110 ft/sec. Correlation equations for predicting jet noise shielding benefits with single conical nozzle installations were modified to correlate the mixer nozzle data. The modification included consideration of the number of nozzle elements and the peak axial velocity decay in the flow field adjacent to the shielding surface. The effect of forward velocity on jet noise attenuation by a shielding surface is discussed.
Alterable grating fiber-optic switch (1981)

This paper describes a solid state high speed fiber-optic switch based on dynamically alterable magnetic stripe domains that occur naturally in epitaxial films of rare-earth iron garnet. The array of stripe domains acts collectively as a Faraday effect phase diffraction grating that deflects visible and infrared radiation. Electrically derived magnetic fields in the plane of the film steer incident light from an input fiber to one of several output fibers. Reciprocity and wavelength sensitivity can be exploited for systems applications. Both theoretical and experimental results are presented.
Platelet lysate favours<i>in vitro</i>expansion of human bone marrow stromal cells for bone and cartilage engineering (2008)

The heterogeneous population of non-haematopoietic cells residing in the bone marrow (bone marrow stromal cells, BMSCs) and the different fractions and components obtained from platelet-rich plasma provide an invaluable source of autologous cells and growth factors for bone and other connective tissue reconstruction. In this study, we investigated the effect of an allogenic platelet lysate on human BMSCs proliferation and differentiation. Cell proliferation and number of performed cell doublings were enhanced in cultures supplemented with the platelet-derived growth factors (platelet lysate, PL), either with or without the concomitant addition of fetal bovine serum (FBS), compared to cultures performed in the presence of FBS and FGF2. Both in vitro and in vivo osteogenic differentiation were unaltered in cells maintained in medium supplemented with PL and not FBS (Only PL) and in cells maintained in medium containing FBS and FGF2. Interestingly, the in vitro cartilage formation was more effective in the pellet of BMSCs expanded in the Only PL medium. In particular, a chondrogenic differentiation was observed in pellets of some in vitro-expanded BMSCs in the Only PL medium, whereas pellets from parallel cell cultures in medium containing FBS did not respond to the chondrogenic induction. We conclude that the platelet lysate from human source is an effective and even more beneficial substitute for fetal bovine serum to support the in vitro expansion of human BMSCs for subsequent tissue-engineering applications.
Complément à la liste commentée des oiseaux de Nouvelle-Calédonie (2003)

Complement to the list of the birds of New Caledonia. Over the last five years, ten species of birds not previously known on the island have been seen, increasing the number of species/subspecies recorded in New Caledonia to about 192 taxa. Two of these new species bred: the Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo apparently colonised over the last one or two years and the Little Bittern, presumably the Australian sub-species Ixobrychus minutus dubius, which may have be present for a longer period. Migrants form the bulk of these new records, most of them being waders: Greenshank Tringa nebularia, Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus, Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris and Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus finschi. Other coastal and wetland birds include Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus and Little Tern Sterna albifrons. Terrestrial migrants or vagrants are more rare: an old record of a Channel-billed Cuckoo Scythrops novaehollandiae must be added to the list as well as recent observations of the White-throated Needle tail Hirundapus caudacutus, and a Tree Martin Hirundo nigricans. Data are also provided on other rare birds recorded over the past five years.
Enhanced direct interband transitions in silicon nanowires studied by electron energy-loss spectroscopy (2007)

We have experimentally observed abnormally enhanced direct interband transitions in silicon nanowires covered with $\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ layers by means of electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). Core-diameter dependence of the EELS spectra was systematically studied. It was clarified that both ${E}_{1}$ and ${E}_{2}$ direct interband transitions of Si core are explicitly enhanced, owing to monopolar surface plasmons at a $\mathrm{Si}∕\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ interface whenever core diameter is small. We also discuss the effects of thickness of the oxide layers on the direct interband transitions.
Performance of a non-blocking space-division packet switch with correlated input traffic (2003)

The performance of nonblocking space-division packet switches in a correlated-input traffic environment is investigated. In constructing the input traffic model, it is considered that each input is a TDM (time division multiplexing) link and connected to multiple sources. A call experiences the alternation of active and inactive periods, and periodically generates packets while in the active period. All the packets generated by each call are assigned to the same output. The output address of each call is assumed to be uniformly assigned. In this multimedia correlated-input traffic environment, it is shown that the maximum throughput of the switch is always bounded by 0.500<or= lambda /sub max/<or=0.586. When the access rate of each source in an active period is limited to less than or equal to 2.5% of the link transmission rate, it is found that the effect of input traffic correlation on the output contentions can generally be ignored. Therefore, not only is the maximum throughput equal to 0.586 as in the uncorrelated traffic case, but the analysis of each input queue can also be separated from the rest of the switch, with its service time replaced by a renewal process.<<ETX>>
Threshold voltage instability at low temperatures in partially depleted thin-film SOI MOSFETs (1991)

A threshold voltage instability phenomenon at low temperatures in partially depleted thin-film silicon-on-insulator (SOI) SIMOX (separation by implantation of oxygen) MOSFETs is reported. This phenomenon was investigated under normal MOSFET operating conditions for temperatures ranging from 300 K down to 10 K, with both the magnitude and duration of the instability observed to be strongly dependent on temperature. Threshold voltage shifts as small as 0 V at room temperature and as large as 0.29 V at 10 K are reported. The duration of the instability ranged in the tens of minutes and was observed to increase as the temperature was decreased.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
INTERLEUKIN-6 ACTIVITY IN PAIRED SAMPLES OF SYNOVIAL FLUID. CORRELATION OF SYNOVIAL FLUID INTERLEUKIN—6 LEVELS WITH CLINICAL AND LABORATORY PARAMETERS OF INFLAMMATION (1991)

Paired synovial fluid (SF) samples obtained from the knees of 12 arthritis patients were studied to establish a relation between parameters of local inflammatory activity and SF interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. Local disease activity was scored using joint temperature, swelling and pain as clinical parameters of inflammation. SF samples were assayed for laboratory parameters of inflammation such as leucocyte content, the percentage polymorphonuclear cells, the pH, and for immunoglobulin levels (IgG, IgM). SF IL-6 concentrations were determined using the B9-bioassay. Within individual patients the local activity of inflammation as measured using clinical parameters was found to be related to the local SF IL-6 level. When considering the total group of patients, a correlation (P less than 0.001) was found between the clinical parameters of local inflammation and the SF IL-6 levels. Furthermore, IL-6 levels were found to correlate with leucocyte counts (P less than 0.02), the percentage of polymorphonuclear cells (P less than 0.10), the pH value (P less than 0.01), but not with SF IgM and IgG concentrations.
Salicylic Acid Is an Uncoupler and Inhibitor of Mitochondrial Electron Transport (2004)

The effect of salicylic acid (SA) on respiration and mitochondrial function was examined in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) suspension cell cultures in the range of 0.01 to 5 mm. Cells rapidly accumulated SA up to 10-fold of the externally applied concentrations. At the lower concentrations, SA accumulation was transitory. When applied at 0.1 mm or less, SA stimulated respiration of whole cells and isolated mitochondria in the absence of added ADP, indicating uncoupling of respiration. However, at higher concentrations, respiration was severely inhibited. Measurements of ubiquinone redox poise in isolated mitochondria suggested that SA blocked electron flow from the substrate dehydrogenases to the ubiquinone pool. This inhibition could be at least partially reversed by re-isolating the mitochondria. Two active analogs of SA, benzoic acid and acetyl-SA, had the same effect as SA on isolated tobacco mitochondria, whereas the inactive p-hydroxybenzoic acid was without effect at the same concentration. SA induced an increase in Aox protein levels in cell suspensions, and this was correlated with an increase in Aox1 transcript abundance. However, when applied at 0.1 mM, this induction was transient and disappeared as SA levels in the cells declined. SA at 0.1 mM also increased the expression of other SA-responsive genes, and this induction was dependent on active mitochondria. The results indicate that SA is both an uncoupler and an inhibitor of mitochondrial electron transport and suggest that this underlies the induction of some genes by SA. The possible implications of this for the interpretation of SA action in plants are discussed.
Tuning the remanent polarization of epitaxial ferroelectric thin films with strain (2009)

The effect of biaxial strain on the remanent polarization of epitaxial thin films of various ferroelectric materials is studied using phenomenological Landau–Devonshire theory. It is shown that the strain dependences of the remanent polarizations are strongly dependent on crystal symmetries and film orientations. For (001)p-oriented ferroelectric films with (distorted) rhombohedral symmetry, strain-induced polarization rotation leads to stronger strain dependences than in ferroelectric films with tetragonal or orthorhombic symmetries. For (111)p-oriented ferroelectric films with rhombohedral symmetry, however, the remanent polarization is less sensitive to the biaxial strain.
Stereo matching of skull landmarks (1992)

Stereotaxis is a widely available neurosurgical technique that uses a frame attached to a patient's head as a reference system for precision treatment. Radiosurgery builds on this concept by coupling stereotaxic localization with a highly collimated radiation source. Because the use of an external frame of conventional stereotaxis precludes the use of radiosurgical therapy in many circumstances, we have developed a novel frameless method for determining tumor localization. Our stereotaxic system can determine skull orientation and position by recognizing at least three corresponding landmarks on Computerized Tomography (CT) and two x-ray projections. A principal goal of the research has been to obtain the position and orientation of the skull by recognizing landmarks such as the sella turcica or the mastoid from x-ray images.
The position of a skull in an operation space can be determined by matching three non-collinear features between x-ray images and the CT model. A skull coordinate system can be built from the landmarks. Using CT data the position of a tumor in space is known with respect to the skull coordinate system. We can utilize knowledge about skull features to recognize them in x-ray images: the relative positions and generic shape of these landmarks like the sella and mastoids are known from CT. Moreover we can measure the size of these landmarks from CT images, and predict their 2D shape on x-ray images. After locating edges from x-ray images, we can recognize landmarks using their shape, size and contrast prediction generated from CT data. With a calibrated x-ray imaging system and feature matches, the position and orientation of the skull is determined. Upon implementing such an algorithm the positioning error has been found to be approximately 2mm in experiments.