gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Survival of 1,920 IMZ implants followed for up to 100 months. (1996)

A total of 1,920 IMZ implants, placed between March 1984 and December 1993, were evaluated retrospectively. The Kaplan-Meier cumulative survival rate of the implants was 89.9% after 60 months and 83.2% after 100 months. Life table analysis revealed a statistically significantly lower cumulative survival rate for maxillary implants (71.6% at 60 months and 37.9% at 100 months) than for mandibular implants (90.4% at 100 months). Implants placed in the anterior region of the maxilla failed significantly more often than those placed in the posterior region. This was not observed in the mandible. The age and sex of the patients, the status of the jaw (edentulous, partially edentulous), the time of implant placement in relation to tooth extraction, and the length and diameter of the implants had no statistically significant influence on the cumulative survival rate.
Performance of a DS-CDMA system with dynamic channel allocation and soft handover (2002)

This paper describes performance of DS-CDMA system, which uses a soft handover method and a dynamic channel allocation policy. The considered system uses the same spectrum band in the system area. Assuming that there is a limited number of logical channels in the system, we can use an approach similar to a standard narrowband system and allocate channels to the cells using minimum interference distance parameter. Since there is only one carrier frequency used in the CDMA system a soft handover was proposed for higher communication quality and capacity. The call blocking probabilities versus different kinds of parameters are shown as a result of computer simulations.
Preparative Purification of a Recombinant Protein by Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography: Modulation of Selectivity by the Use of Chaotropic Additives (2002)

Development and implementation of a chaotropic wash step following protein loading on a hydrophobic interaction chromatographic (HIC) column is described for the purification of a recombinant protein. Various agents that reduce protein affinity in hydrophobic interaction chromatographic systems were screened for their utility in a wash step following protein loading on a Phenyl Fast Flow Sepharose HIC column. A combination of sodium thiocyanate, glycerol, and urea was selected as a suitable additive for the wash buffer that selectively eluted most of the major impurities present in the feed stream. Eluate purity, as monitored by reversed-phase chromatography and SDS-PAGE, was significantly increased by incorporation of this wash step in the purification process. Incorporation of this wash step on HIC enabled a reduction in the overall number of chromatographic steps in the downstream purification process for this recombinant protein, resulting in improved process yields and significant economic advantages. The effect of varying concentrations of each of the three wash additives on yield was studied. While the step yield decreased with an increase in concentration for urea and sodium thiocyanate, an optimum was observed with respect to glycerol concentration. The preferential interaction theory is employed to explain this effect.
A Quincuncial Projection of the Sphere (1879)

FOR meteorological, magnetological and other purposes, it is convenient to have a projection of the sphere which shall show the connection of all parts of the surface. This is done by the one shown in the plate. It is an orthomorphic or conform projection formed by transforming the stereographic projection, with a pole at infinity, by means of an elliptic function. For that purpose, 1 being the latitude, and 0 the longitude, we put Cos2 1 COS2ICOS2OSill I 1 + V1-cos2I cos2d and then +FPp is the value of one of the rectangular co6rdinates of the
Detection of Typical Defects in Silicon Photovoltaic Modules and Application for Plants with Distributed MPPT Configuration (2019)

During their operational life, photovoltaic (PV) modules may exhibit various defects for poor sorting of electrical performance during manufacturing, mishandling during transportation and installation, and severe thermo-mechanical stresses. Electroluminescence testing and infrared thermographic imaging are the most common tests for checking these defects, but they are only economically viable for large PV plants. The defects are also manifested as abnormal electrical properties of the affected PV modules. For defect diagnosis, the appropriate parameters on their I-V curves are open circuit voltage, photo-generated current, series resistance, and the shunt resistance. The health of PV modules can be assessed by calculating these values and comparing them with the reference parameters. If these defects are diagnosed in time, the power loss is avoided and safety hazards are mitigated. This paper first presents a review of common defects in PV modules and then a review of the methods used to find the above-mentioned parameters during the normal PV operation. A simple approach to determine the resistances of the equivalent circuit is discussed. Finally, through a modification in an ordinary maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm, information about the state of health of PV modules is obtained. This method is effective, especially if applied to submodule-integrated MPPT architectures.
A Qualitative Comparison of Smokeless Powder Measurements (2002)

In the spring of 2000, the National Institute of Standards and Technology and nineteen participants conducted a comparison of smokeless powder additive compositional measurements. The purpose of this exercise was to determine the state-of-the-practice for forensic smokeless powder determinations. For the comparison, two handgun reloading powder samples were mixed and were compositionally evaluated for homogeneity by NIST. Participant laboratories included military, academic, and state/local, federal, and international forensic agencies. We solicited qualitative data identifying nitroglycerin, diphenylamine, N-nitrosodiphenylamine, and ethyl centralite. In addition, some laboratories provided identification of additional ingredients, such as nitrocellulose, or reported other measurements, such as dimensional morphology. In this paper, laboratory identification of the smokeless powder additives and a summary of the measurement methods used for the evaluations are presented. All laboratories correctly identified NG and the major stabilizers. Some disparity between laboratories was noted for the identification of minor (<0.01% by weight) stabilizers and stabilizer decomposition products.
New Method for Evaluation of the Slump of Concrete (1994)

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Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Gene Expression from Embryos to Aging Rats (1988)

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) gene transcripts were demonstrated by RNA blot hybridization using VIP-specific RNA hybridization probes. High levels of expression were observed as early as in 16-day-old embryos. In aging rats, the VIP-mRNA levels were reduced significantly (in the cerebral cortex) as compared to 21-day-old rats. Our results suggest a role for the VIP gene protein products during embryonal development. During aging processes the decrease in VIP gene transcripts may be a consequence of either a reduction in the transcriptional activity of VIP neurons or death of VIP-producing cells.
Hierarchical Self‐Assembly of Supramolecular Coordination Polymers Using Giant Metal–Organic Nanocapsules as Building Blocks (2018)

Controlling the self-assembly of giant molecular building blocks into complex architectures with similar hierarchy to biological species remains a major challenge in supramolecular chemistry. Akin to protein structure, here we present the self-assembly of giant molecular nanocapsules into supramolecular coordination polymers with controlled hierarchy from primary to secondary and tertiary structures. First, we successfully prepared discrete nanocapsules (secondary structures) consisting of multicomponents, such as organic macrocycles and metal-based secondary building units (primary structures). Second, these nanocapsules can self-organize into various 2D and 3D supramolecular coordination polymers (tertiary structures) through coordination-driven assembly. The periphery 24 flexible alkyl chains and 24 metal ions available for potential coordination make these nanocapsules comparable to functionalized solid nanoparticles with non-specific binding sites at the surface and allow the nanocapsules to self-adjust their orientations and coordination modes to facilitate the self-assembly process. This study sheds light on the self-assembly of giant building units with complex molecular structures and opens up possibilities for the design of new hierarchical architectures with innovative properties and functions in many applications such as biomimics, biomedicine, and molecular devices.
Electronic hardware implementation of the principal components transformation for multichannel image data (1984)

An implementation of the principal components transformation is presented which makes use of analogue and digital electronic hardware under the control of a microprocessor. The hardware is used to collect covariance statistics from a multichannel set of digital video images and to perform the actual transformation on real-time analogue video signals derived from the stored data. This approach offers considerable advantages over a completely software based system in terms of speed and cost. An example of the use of the system for the analysis of Landsat multispectral data is presented.
Comparison of different types of hearing protection devices for use during weapons firing (2015)

Introduction: Hearing protection devices (HPDs) are not rated for impulse noise, which makes it difficult to select an appropriate device for use during weapons firing. Measurements of different types of HPDs (level independent, level dependent, earplugs, and earmuffs) were performed following American National Standards Institute/Acoustical Society of America S12.42 procedures. Methods: A rifle producing a peak level of 154 decibels of sound pressure level was used as the noise source for the measurements. The devices tested were E-A-R Classic earplugs, Combat Arms doubleend earplugs, ETY·Plugs earplugs (standard fit), Peltor H10A earmuffs, and Peltor PowerCom Plus earmuffs. The earmuffs were also tested in combination with the E-A-R Classic earplugs and with ballistic glasses. Results: The earplug and earmuff combinations provided the most protection, followed by the level-independent earplugs, earmuffs, and level-dependent earplugs. Wearing of ballistic glasses reduced the effectiveness of the earmuffs. Discussion: Although the results provide information about the level of protection that is possible for several types of HPDs, the best choice of HPD depends on the operational setting. The combination of level-independent earmuffs and earplugs was the most effective, but it is not a practical solution when communication is required. Earplugs should be worn in cases in which earmuffs interfere with sighting the weapon or are incompatible with other gear such as a helmet or glasses. Future work should include different types of communication headsets and different combinations of HPDs.
A wire-guided transducer for acoustic emission sensing (2007)

A novel transducer for active or passive sensing has been developed and tested experimentally. It features a steel wire acting as a wave guide between a piezoceramic element and the structure under test. Some advantages of the wire-guided transducer include its applicability to structures operating at high temperature, which otherwise preclude the surface mounting of piezoceramics, its small contact area to the structure, which enables several such transducers to be deployed in an arc around a known crack location as an acoustic emission sensor array, and its low cost and ease of installation. Another potential advantage is simplified signal processing for source localization, which is developed in this paper and evaluated experimentally. The various steel wires used in our experiments to date are less than 1 mm in diameter and between 10 cm and 100 cm in length. The wire guides have been studied with active excitation under a pulse excitation as used in ultrasonic testing, at a relatively high frequency such as 1 MHz, and in the frequency range of 100 kHz to 500 kHz which is often of interest for Lamb wave generation in thin plates or for acoustic emission sensing. Our tests confirm that the wire acts as a cylindrical rod in which the fastest wave is the lowest longitudinal mode, displaying a sharp arrival, and in which the lowest flexural mode and lowest torsional mode are also excited; we report excellent agreement between measured and predicted wave speeds, as expected. We show experimental results in which a group of wire-guided transducers permit the localization of an impact on a thin plate and discuss the automation of this task for use in the field. We also show the ability of the wire-guided transducer to detect acoustic emission events simulated physically by pencil lead breaks.
A novel octameric AMP‐forming acetyl‐CoA synthetase from the hyperthermophilic crenarchaeon <i>Pyrobaculum aerophilum</i> (2004)

AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetases (ACSs) are ubiquitous in all three domains of life. Here, we report the first characterization of an ACS from a hyperthermophilic organism, from the archaeon Pyrobaculum aerophilum. The recombinant ACS, the gene product of ORF PAE2867, showed extremely high thermostability and thermoactivity at temperatures around 100 degrees C. In contrast to known monomeric or homodimeric mesophilic ACSs, the P. aerophilum ACS was a 610 kDa homooctameric protein, with a significant lower content of thermolabile (Cys, Asn, and Gln) and higher content of charged (Glu, Lys, and Arg) amino acids. Kinetic analyses revealed an unusual broad substrate spectrum for organic acids and an extremely high affinity for acetate (K(m) 3 microM).
Repetitive locomotor training and physiotherapy improve walking and basic activities of daily living after stroke: a single-blind, randomized multicentre trial (DEutsche GAngtrainerStudie, DEGAS) (2007)

Intensive locomotor training plus physiotherapy resulted in a significantly better gait ability and daily living competence in subacute stroke patients compared with physiotherapy alone.
Waveguide-type all-NbN SIS mixers on MgO substrates (2004)

We present the first experimental results on waveguide-type all-NbN SIS receivers fabricated on MgO substrates designed in a frequency range from 780 to 960 GHz. The receiver has a resonant distributed SIS junction one wavelength long at 870 GHz as the tuning circuit and a diagonal feed horn. The mixer chip was fabricated with accuracies of less than 10 im in width and +/5 jam in thickness by optimizing the cutting and polishing conditions for MgO substrates and was successfully mounted in a waveguide-mixer block. Using a conventional Y-factor method for receiver noise measurement, a minimum DSB receiver noise temperature of 700 K was obtained at an LO frequency of 770 GHz. The contribution to noise made by the input system was dominant in receiver noise and the input noise temperature was more than 300 K over the measured band.
An attempt of monitoring daily activities at home (2002)

In order to make elderly people safe and healthy, a monitoring system installed at home was built and evaluated in ordinary house. As a preliminary study, the authors attempted to monitor daily behavior of subjects in the kitchen and dining room because nutrition will be essential to keep health. Many sensors were installed such as infrared sensors to detect human movement, magnetic switches to detect opening and closing doors, a carbon dioxide sensor to detect presence of the subject, temperature sensors at the kitchen sink to detect cooking. Three subjects (22 years female, 30 years male, and 76 years male) who live alone were monitored for a month each. Output of sensors were sampled and stored in a computer. Monitoring was performed automatically so that no manual operation to the instruments was applied during whole period of monitoring. As a result, habits of daily activities could be clearly identified. For example, difference between behavioral pattern in a weekday and that in a holiday was obvious. It was also found that presence and absence of the subject in a room can be identified by a carbon dioxide sensor. By using many sensors, reliable information about daily activities can be obtained even malfunctioning of some sensor occurs occasionally.
Characterization of Silk/Poly 3-Hydroxybutyrate-chitosan-multi-walled Carbon Nanotube Micro-nano Scaffold: A New Hybrid Scaffold for Tissue Engineering Applications (2018)

High intrinsic tensile strength of MWNTs and improvement of nano-micro interface connection lead to an increase in tensile strength in scaffolds containing MWNT.
[Protective effects of Panax quinquefolium saponin on oxidative damage of cultured rat cardiac cells]. (1992)

When cultured cardiac cells of rats were exposed to X-XOD containing medium, the absolute values of electronic parameters were decreased the percentage of beating clusters reduced and the microscopic structure destroyed. PQS significantly converted all the indices, which shows that PQS can protect the cells from oxidative damage.
A Novel Macroporous Polyvinyl Alcohol Scaffold Promotes Chondrocyte Migration and Interface Formation in an <i>In Vitro</i> Cartilage Defect Model (2012)

Scaffold-cartilage integration is critical for the clinical success of a scaffold used for the repair of a focal cartilage defect. In this study, a macroporous polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) scaffold was found to facilitate chondrocyte infiltration and interfacial matrix formation in a juvenile bovine in vitro cartilage defect model. These results were found to depend on the press-fit between the scaffold and the cartilage, pretreatment of the cartilage with collagenase prior to scaffold insertion, and chondrocyte preseeding of the scaffold. Infiltrated and preseeded chondrocytes in the scaffold survived for 6 weeks in culture and resulted in sufficient matrix at the interface to significantly increase the interface shear strength 30-fold that compared favorably with the interface shear strength of cartilage-cartilage constructs. The ability of this macroporous PVA scaffold to form a stable interface with articular cartilage demonstrates the potential use of this scaffold design for focal cartilage defect repair.
Modelling of three-dimensional field around lightning rods (2001)

This project aimed to model the three-dimensional field around a lightning rod prior to a lightning strike. The project is largely theoretical and discusses the various processes that have to be included to accurately model the voltage distribution and the charge density around the tip of the rod. A program has been written in C++ to model the potential distribution around a lightning rod in three-dimensions. This program provides a framework for the solution of the three-dimensional problem.
Improved sensitivity in novel scheme of magneto-optical field sensor (1991)

The sensitivity of magnetooptical detection of small fields with multidomain materials under a coherent light is discussed. For fields below the saturation, a novel scheme is proposed to increase sensitivity. Separate detection of the undeflected zeroth-order beam and diffracted beams enables their opposing responses to be added. A garnet of theta /sub F/=60 degrees (where /sub F/ is the saturation Faraday rotation) yielded a high sensitivity of more than twice that in the conventional optical configuration while a material of theta /sub F/=90 degrees offers a theoretical improvement of a factor of four.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optimal solutions of selected cellular neural network applications by the hardware annealing method (2002)

An engineering annealing method for optimal solutions of cellular neural networks is presented. Cellular neural networks have great potential in solving many important scientific problems in signal processing and optimization by the use of predetermined templates. Hardware annealing (SaHyun Bang, 1994), which is a paralleled version of effective mean field annealing in analog networks, is a highly efficient method of finding optimal solutions for cellular neural networks. It does not require any stochastic procedure and henceforth can be very fast. The generalized energy function of the network is first increased by reducing the voltage gain of each neuron. Then, the hardware annealing searches for the globally minimum energy state by continuously increasing the gain of neurons. The process of global optimization by the proposed hardware annealing method can be described by eigenvalues in the time varying dynamic system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Three dimensional image restoration in fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (1999)

A microscope set-up and numerical methods are described which enable the measurement and reconstruction of three-dimensional nanosecond fluorescence lifetime images in every voxel. The frequency domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscope (FLIM) utilizes phase detection of high-frequency modulated light by homodyne mixing on a microchannel plate image intensifier. The output signal at the image intensifier's phosphor screen is integrated on a charge coupled device camera. A scanning stage is employed to obtain a series of phase-dependent intensity images at equally separated depths in a specimen. The Fourier transform of phase-dependent data gives three-dimensional (3D) images of the Fourier coefficients. These images are deblurred using an Iterative Constrained Tikhonov-Miller (ICTM) algorithm in conjunction with a measured point spread function. The 3D reconstruction of fluorescence lifetimes are calculated from the deblurred images of the Fourier coefficients. An improved spatial and temporal resolution of fluorescence lifetimes was obtained using this approach to the reconstruction of simulated 3D FLIM data. The technique was applied to restore 3D FLIM data of a live cell specimen expressing two green fluorescent protein fusion constructs having distinct fluorescence lifetimes which localized to separate cellular compartments.
Electrical impedance measurements at different skin sites related to seasonal variations (2000)

BACKGROUND/AIMS: In a previous study we mapped differences in electrical impedance between different anatomical locations related to age and sex. Now we employ the electrical impedance technique for studying the seasonal variations for the same skin sites. METHOD: The investigation was performed on 48 healthy volunteers divided into two groups on the basis of sex. Readings of electrical impedance were taken from ten different body locations at each of the four seasons during one year. Electrical impedance spectra were measured in the frequency range 1 kHz to 1 MHz, and four impedance indices based on the complex impedance values at 20 kHz and 500 kHz were calculated. RESULTS: The baseline values varied from one site to another and increased significantly for most sites from the winter to the summer, while the changes from October to March were negligible. Using ANOVA, the seasonal variation was found to be a more important factor than sex. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that seasonal variations for different skin sites should be taken into consideration when using the electrical impedance technique.