gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insulin and IGF‐1 enhance the expression of the neuronal monocarboxylate transporter MCT2 by translational activation via stimulation of the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase–Akt–mammalian target of rapamycin pathway (2007)

MCT2 is the main neuronal monocarboxylate transporter essential for facilitating lactate and ketone body utilization as energy substrates. Our study reveals that treatment of cultured cortical neurons with insulin and IGF-1 led to a striking enhancement of MCT2 immunoreactivity in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Surprisingly, neither insulin nor IGF-1 affected MCT2 mRNA expression, suggesting that regulation of MCT2 protein expression occurs at the translational rather than the transcriptional level. Investigation of the putative signalling pathways leading to translation activation revealed that insulin and IGF-1 induced p44- and p42 MAPK, Akt and mTOR phosphorylation. S6 ribosomal protein, a component of the translational machinery, was also strongly activated by insulin and IGF-1. Phosphorylation of p44- and p42 MAPK was blocked by the MEK inhibitor PD98058, while Akt phosphorylation was abolished by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Phosphorylation of mTOR and S6 was blocked by the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. In parallel, it was observed that LY294002 and rapamycin almost completely blocked the effects of insulin and IGF-1 on MCT2 protein expression, whereas PD98059 and SB202190 (a p38K inhibitor) had no effect on insulin-induced MCT2 expression and only a slight effect on IGF-1-induced MCT2 expression. At the subcellular level, a significant increase in MCT2 protein expression within an intracellular pool was observed while no change at the cell surface was apparent. As insulin and IGF-1 are involved in synaptic plasticity, their effect on MCT2 protein expression via an activation of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR-S6K pathway might contribute to the preparation of neurons for enhanced use of nonglucose energy substrates following altered synaptic efficacy.
Bias modeling and estimation for GMTI applications (2000)

This paper describes an approach to sensor bias modeling and estimation for ground target tracking applications using multiple airborne Ground Moving Target Indicator (GMTI) radar sensors. This approach was developed as part of the Precision Firecontrol Tracking (PFCT) segment of the DARPA Affordable Moving Surface Target Engagement (AMSTE) program. For airborne sensors, slowly varying platform location, heading and velocity errors lead to time-dependent measurement biases. Track accuracy can be improved by using a Kalman filter to estimate and correct the biases in real time, based on fixed reference points. The reference point location can be known a priori or estimated online as part of the bias correction algorithm. When the reference locations are known a prior, bias effects can be nearly completely eliminated. When the reference point is estimated online, significant performance improvement is obtained relative to uncorrected measurements.
Synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes for detecting heat-stable enterotoxin-producing Escherichia coli by DNA colony hybridization (1985)

DNA colony hybridization was used to identify and enumerate enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains in foods. The cells were identified and enumerated by using synthetic polynucleotide probes for the heat-stable enterotoxin genes. These 22-base oligonucleotides, made from known nucleotide sequences of the genes for the heat-stable enterotoxins of human and porcine strains of E. coli, contain two mismatches between the two heat-stable enterotoxins. Colonies were replicated from agar medium onto paper filters and lysed with alkali followed by steam; probes were end labeled. After overnight hybridization at 40 degrees C and washing at 50 degrees C, autoradiograms were exposed at -70 degrees C. Results were consistent with suckling-mouse tests for heat-stable enterotoxins. A stronger signal was obtained on paper filters than on nitrocellulose filters. Enterotoxigenic E. coli cells were detected when mixed with a 1,000-fold excess of nonenterotoxigenic E. coli cells. This procedure appears to be more acceptable for routine testing than the use of cloned DNA fragments, labeling by nick translation, and lysing colonies on nitrocellulose filters.
Epidermal growth factor acts directly on the sheep ovary in vivo to inhibit oestradiol-17β and inhibin secretion and enhance progesterone secretion (1993)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a potential intra-ovarian modulator of gonadotroph action on differentiated follicular cells. Specific binding sites have been identified in the ovary and functional differentiation in cultured granulosa cells can be modulated by treatment with EGF. The aim of this study was to determine if EGF was capable of altering ovarian function in vivo during the follicular phase of the sheep oestrous cycle. Fourteen cross-bred ewes with ovarian autotransplants were treated with progestagen pessaries for 12 days. Three ewes were infused with murine EGF (mEGF) via the jugular vein (75 micrograms/kg bodyweight per 12 h) during the 12 h preceding progestagen pessary withdrawal, and received an injection of a prostaglandin analogue at 0 h to induce luteolysis. Over the same time-period, two doses of EGF were administered to other groups of ewes by infusion into the ovarian artery (low: 6 micrograms/12 h, n = 3 and high: 60 micrograms/12 h, n = 3). The remaining five ewes were not infused with EGF (controls). Jugular and ovarian venous blood samples were taken at 10-min intervals at two stages during the follicular phase (21-27 h and 38-42 h after pessary withdrawal) and every 2 h from 44 to 76 or 86 h. mEGF, LH, FSH, inhibin, androstenedione, oestradiol-17 beta and progesterone concentrations in plasma were determined using radioimmunoassays. The secretion rates of androstenedione, oestradiol, progesterone and inhibin by the ovary were calculated. EGF acted directly on the ovary in a dose-dependent manner. Oestradiol secretion was inhibited following treatment with EGF but androstenedione secretion was unaffected. EGF appears therefore to act within the granulosa cells to inhibit aromatization. Inhibin secretion was also suppressed by treatment with EGF, though it was not possible to determine if this was caused by a direct or indirect action of EGF on granulosa cells. The rate of progesterone secretion increased in ewes receiving systemic (i.e. via the jugular vein) and high-dose intra-arterial infusions of EGF, even though a preovulatory LH surge was not observed in these animals during the entire experimental period. Concomitant increases in both LH and FSH secretion were associated with these effects of EGF on ovarian function. In conclusion, EGF appears to act directly on the granulosa cells of the follicle to inhibit aromatization and also to inhibit inhibin production. The low levels of oestradiol and inhibin in the presence of high levels of gonadotrophin indicate that atresia may have been induced in medium to large antral follicles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Polymer waveguide star coupler (1982)

A polymer waveguide star coupler formed by the selective photopolymerization method is described. This polymer waveguide star coupler has low insertion loss independent of the core and cladding dimensions of the optical fiber. The six-port star coupler obtained, with input and output fiber arrays, had an insertion loss of 2.6 dB and a loss variation across the six ports of 1.2 dB at 0.84 microm.
Targeting Melanoma Metastasis and Immunosuppression with a New Mode of Melanoma Inhibitory Activity (MIA) Protein Inhibition (2012)

Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer, with fast progression and early dissemination mediated by the melanoma inhibitory activity (MIA) protein. Here, we discovered that dimerization of MIA is required for functional activity through mutagenesis of MIA which showed the correlation between dimerization and functional activity. We subsequently identified the dodecapeptide AR71, which prevents MIA dimerization and thereby acts as a MIA inhibitor. Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy demonstrated the binding of AR71 to the MIA dimerization domain, in agreement with in vitro and in vivo data revealing reduced cell migration, reduced formation of metastases and increased immune response after AR71 treatment. We believe AR71 is a lead structure for MIA inhibitors. More generally, inhibiting MIA dimerization is a novel therapeutic concept in melanoma therapy.
Cooperative Application Execution in Mobile Cloud Computing: A Stackelberg Game Approach (2015)

In this letter, we consider the problem of cooperative application execution for mobile cloud computing. To encourage mobile devices to share their unused resources, we design an incentive scheme, which benefits both the owner of the tasks and the mobile devices participated in task execution. A Stackelberg game is then formulated to decide the price that can be offered to mobile devices for application execution and the amount of execution units that each mobile device is willing to provide. We discuss the properties of the game and show that there exists a unique Stackelberg equilibrium. Furthermore, an efficient algorithm is proposed to reach Stackelberg equilibrium of the game. Finally, we conduct simulations to evaluate the properties and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Counseling Psychology: Members of underrepresented groups: Reviewers for journal manuscripts wanted. (2003)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
STUDIES IN OLIGONUCLEOTIDE-BASED ARTIFICIAL NUCLEASE SYSTEMS. INTRAMOLECULAR COPPER (II) COMPLEX FORMATION IN AN OLIGONUCLEOTIDE <i>BIS</i>-PHENANTHROLINE CONJUGATE (2005)

We have recently developed oligonucleotide based artificial nuclease (OBAN) systems based on 2'-O-methyloligoribonucleotides carrying a 2,9-dimethylphenanthroline x Zn(II) complex. These hybridize to an RNA molecule with bulge formation in the central region of the target and cleave the RNA target in a catalytic manner. When studying an 11-mer 2'-O-methyloligoribonucleotide carrying two 2,9-dimethylphenanthroline moieties, located 5 base pairs apart from each other, we found that this forms a cyclic structure in the presence of Cu2+ ions. This is due to intramolecular Cu(2,9-dimethylphenanthroline)2 complex formation, i.e., with the two ligands conjugated to the same oligonucleotide.
Anti-herpes Activities of Isonucleoside Analogues with Variable Bases at the 2' Position (1995)

Abstract We examined eight isonucleoside analogues, which have variable bases at the 2′ position of deoxyribose, for anti-herpes virus activities in vitro. Six of the eight compounds showed anti-herpes activity.
Circuit implementation of current conveyor (1980)

Some circuits for the design of current conveyors are reported. The new configurations use a minimum number of operational amplifiers. Experimental data on their performance is compared with other realisations.
Interfacing low-level C device drivers with Ada 95 (1999)

The personal computer hardware marketplace has grown rapidly in recent years. Many software projects, as a cost-cutting measure, are buying "off-the-self" items to meet heir hardware requirements. Almost all of the device drivers for these devices are written in the C programming language. However, the selection of the programming language for the project does not need to be confined to C. This paper details the powerful tools in Ada 95, such as pragmas to interface code written in other programming languages to Ada 95 applications. An example of a generic real-time Ada 95 application interfacing with a low-level C serial device driver is used to aid the reader in the concepts and idea's discussed in the paper.
Integrated microelectromechanical systems in conventional CMOS (2002)

Electrostatically actuated microstructures with high-aspect-ratio laminated-beam suspensions are fabricated using conventional CMOS processing followed by a sequence of maskless dry-etching steps. The metallization and dielectric layers, normally used for electrical interconnect, now serve a dual function as a structural layer. The post-CMOS microstructural reactive-ion etch produces near vertical sidewalls, enabling micromechanical beam widths and gap spacings down to 1.2 /spl mu/m. The process is tailored for design of lateral electrostatic actuators and sensors integrated with 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS. The fabricated x-y-z microstage devices demonstrate the technology for future use in inertial sensor and probe-based data storage system applications.
Personalised medicine for cancer: from drug development into clinical practice (2005)

Personalised management of cancer means the prescription of specific therapeutics that are best suited for an individual patient and the type of tumour. Molecular diagnostics influences cancer management in several ways that aid personalisation. These technologies are enabling the classification of cancer, using molecular profiles, as a basis for more effective personalised therapies. Using microarrays, classification of a cancer based on the gene expression profile is important for personalising cancer therapy. Molecular imaging, such as by positron emission tomography, enables determination of tumour response to drug action at the molecular level. The combination of diagnostics with therapeutics--an important feature of personalised cancer therapy--is facilitated by the use of monoclonal antibodies and nanobiotechnology. Development of drug resistance--an important problem in cancer management--varies according to the anticancer agent, type of tumour and individual patient. There are no universal strategies to overcome drug resistance in cancer. Various efforts to deal with this problem should be tailored to each patient, and examples are given in this review. A better understanding of cancer biology will facilitate rational drug discovery for cancer, by linking the various pathways involved to targeted therapies. Oncoproteomics will play an important role in the development of personalised cancer therapy. Use of pharmacogenomic technologies in early clinical trials is enabling rapid assessment of the efficacy of anticancer agents, and reducing the time of drug development. Application of pharmacogenetics will reduce the adverse effect of anticancer drugs. Cell/gene therapies, cancer vaccines and RNA interference will facilitate the development of personalised cancer therapy.
The validity of melatonin as an oncostatic agent (1997)

The validity of melatonin as a prominent, naturally occurring oncostatic agent is examined in terms of its putative oncostatic mechanism of action, the correlation between melatonin levels and neoplastic activity, and the outcome of therapeutically administered melatonin in clinical trials. Melatonin's mechanism of action is summarized in a brief analysis of its actions at the cellular level, its antioxidative functions, and its indirect immunostimulatory effects. The difficulties of interpreting melatonin levels as a diagnostic or prognostic aid in cancer is illustrated by referral to breast cancer, the most frequently studied neoplasm in trials regarding melatonin. Trials in which melatonin was used therapeutically are reviewed, i.e., early studies using melatonin alone, trials of melatonin in combination with interleukin-2, and controlled studies comparing routine therapy to therapy in combination with melatonin. A table compiling the studies in which melatonin was used in the treatment of cancer in humans is presented according to the type of neoplasm. Melatonin's suitability in combination chemotherapy, where it augments the anticancer effect of other chemotherapeutic drugs while decreasing some of the toxic side effects, is described. Based on the evidence derived from melatonin's antiproliferative, antioxidative, and immunostimulatory mechanisms of action, from its abnormal levels in cancer patients and from clinical trials in which melatonin was administered, it is concluded that melatonin could indeed be considered a physiological anticancer substance. Further well-controlled trials should, however, be performed in order to find the link between its observed effects and the underlying mechanisms of action and to define its significance as a therapeutic oncostatic agent.
Expert prediction, symbolic learning, and neural networks. An experiment on greyhound racing (1994)

Uncertainty is inevitable in problem solving and decision making. One way to reduce it is by seeking the advice of an expert. When we use computers to reduce uncertainty, the computer itself can become an expert in a specific field through a variety of methods. One such method is machine learning, which involves using a computer algorithm to capture hidden knowledge from data. We compared the prediction performances of three human track experts with those of two machine learning techniques: a decision tree building algorithm (ID3), and a neural network learning algorithm (backpropagation). For our research, we investigated a problem solving scenario called game playing, which is unstructured, complex, and seldom studied. We considered several real life game playing scenarios and decided on greyhound racing, a complex domain that involves about 50 performance variables for eight competing dogs in a race. For every race, each dog's past history is complete and freely available to bettors. This is a large amount of historical information-some accurate and relevant, some noisy and irrelevant-that must be filtered, selected, and analyzed to assist in making a prediction. This large search space poses a challenge for both human experts and machine learning algorithms. The questions then become: can machine learning techniques reduce the uncertainty in a complex game playing scenario? Can these methods outperform human experts in prediction? Our research sought to answer these questions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Potent anti-inflammatory 2-(o-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(p-dimethylamino phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoles (1987)

2-(Phenyl/o-Hydroxyphenyl)-5-(substituted aryl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoles were synthesised and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity and ulcerogenic liability. The most active compound was compared for its anti-inflammatory and ulcerogenic activity with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).
Inhibition of Cortical and Trabecular Bone Formation in the Long Bones of Immobilized Monkeys (1983)

The acute effects of immobilization on cortical and trabecular bone formation were studied in juvenile male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Four animals were immobilized for two weeks by application of total body casts. Two control monkeys were housed in separate metabolic cages under similar environmental and dietary conditions. Tetracycline derivatives were administered on three separate occasions to label sites of bone formation. The tetracycline-labeling frequency and mineral apposition rate of osteons and trabecular bone surfaces in the humerus and femur were determined. The inhibition of bone formation induced by immobilization was more pronounced in trabecular bone. Immobilized monkeys exhibited a moderate, but statistically nonsignificant, reduction in the percentage of osteons forming bone. Conversely, the dramatic decline in the percentage of trabecular surfaces undergoing bone formation in immobilized monkeys was found to be highly significant. The diminished rate of mineral apposition in osteons suggested that osteoblastic activity was impaired in cortical bone during immobilization. The mineral apposition rate in trabecular bone could not be determined reliably due to minimal tetracycline deposition, which indicated that osteoblastic activity and/or recruitment almost ceased in the metaphyseal tissue of immobilized monkeys.
Spectroscopy and hybrid neural network analysis (1996)

This paper reviews the current use of spectroscopy and related instrumentation in chemical analysis. Advancements in digital signal processing technology are making it possible to improve the sensitivity and accuracy of analytical instruments without expensive upgrading of instrument hardware. A hybrid neural network (HNN) is described that can perform nonlinear signal analysis. The HNN approach combines the simple data reduction capability of conventional linear signal processing algorithms with the adaptive learning and recognition ability of a multilayer nonlinear neural network architecture. A number of examples show the rise of the HNN for environmental monitoring and real-time process control.
The corporate governance of banks (2003)

This paper examines the corporate governance of banks. When banks efficiently mobilize and allocate funds, this lowers the cost of capital to firms, boosts capital formation, and stimulates productivity growth. Thus, weak governance of banks reverberates throughout the economy with negative ramifications for economic development. After reviewing the major governance concepts for corporations in general, this paper discusses two special attributes of banks that make them special in practice: greater opaqueness than other industries and greater government regulation. These attributes weaken many traditional governance mechanisms. Next, the paper reviews emerging evidence on which government policies enhance the governance of banks and draws tentative policy lessons. In sum, existing work suggests that it is important to strengthen the ability and incentives of private investors to exert governance over banks rather than relying excessively on government regulators.
Versuchsdurchführung (1967)

Die Untersuchung wurde mit allgemein bewährten Verfahren und Hilfsmitteln durchgeführt, so daß hier unter Hinweis auf das betreffende Schrifttum von einer eingehenden Beschreibung abgesehen werden kann.
Absorption and Metabolism of Aspirin Administered in Enteric-Coated Tablets (1965)

Variations in the absorption pattern of aspirin in enteric-coated tablets and in solution were compared between subjects and between doses in any one subject. Absorption of enteric-coated tablets was complete but the rate was extremely variable. On the other hand, administration of aspirin in solution was not only complete, but also yielded well-reproducible salicylate plasma levels. The variable absorption of drugs in enteric-coated tablets appears to be due to wide differences in gastric retention time of solid objects. Since this aspect of gastrointestinal physiology is not affected by the type and quality of the tablets or the medicinal agent, it constitutes an inherent limitation in the absorption efficacy of all enteric-coated tablets. There was no significant difference in the metabolic fate of aspirin administered in solution or in the enteric-coated tablets used in this study.