gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Foamed Sand Provides Improved Stimulation Results from Devonian Shale (1983)

ABSTRACT Generally, water saturations in the Devonian Shale are low. Production records indicate minimal, if any, water in the areas producing gas or gas and oil. This low water saturation appears to be the key to stimulating the shale, especially in the oil-producing areas. The introduction of water in the stimulation fluid appears to reduce the permeability to oil, which is reflected in poorer production. The relative permeability reduction seems to be more of a problem than particle migration or clay swelling and could explain the good initial results from straight nitrogen treatments. However, the lack of a proppant, even with low closure stress, leads to very rapid declines. Water-base stimulation fluids appear to increase water saturation in the Devonian Shale. Use of 90+ quality foam with sand should provide a method of minimizing saturation changes while creating a propped fracture. Initial results indicate this technique provides better sustained production increases in the Devonian Shale. This paper defines areas of production, describes the geology and presents physical data of the Devonian Shale. It also compares results of several types of treatments that have been used in the Devonian Shale. These results indicate 90+ quality foam with sand should provide an improved stimulation technique for this formation.
Unconventional Use of LC3 by Coronaviruses through the Alleged Subversion of the ERAD Tuning Pathway (2011)

Pathogens of bacterial and viral origin hijack pathways operating in eukaryotic cells in many ways in order to gain access into the host, to establish themselves and to eventually produce their progeny. The detailed molecular characterization of the subversion mechanisms devised by pathogens to infect host cells is crucial to generate targets for therapeutic intervention. Here we review recent data indicating that coronaviruses probably co-opt membranous carriers derived from the endoplasmic reticulum, which contain proteins that regulate disposal of misfolded polypeptides, for their replication. In addition, we also present models describing potential mechanisms that coronaviruses could employ for this hijacking.
Low-threshold inGaAsP ridge-waveguide laser fabricated by a new contacting system (1986)

A new type of index-guided laser, the bridge-contacted ridge-waveguide (BCRW) laser, is reported. Without the use of any sophisticated fabrication processes, CW threshold currents of 28 mA and quantum efficiencies of 60% are obtained for 3 μm-wide and 200 μm-long devices. In the last processing step the lateral index-guiding properties of this structure can be adjusted within a wide range. It is demonstrated that strong passive waveguiding results in both monomode emission and a narrow single-lobed far-field pattern, even for high injection currents.
Detection Of oligoclonal bands in unconcentrated CSF (1983)

We have developed a method to detect oligoclonal IgG bands in unconcentrated CSF from patients with MS or guinea pigs with chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, by isoelectric focusing (IEF) in polyacrylamide gel and silver staining. Five to 10 microliters of CSF was sufficient. The bands were identified as IgG in immunofixation after IEF.
Major subdomain rearrangement in HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase simulated by molecular dynamics (1999)

We have performed eight 1-ns in vacuo molecular dynamics simulations of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). Starting with the p66 thumb subdomain in an upright configuration, the p66 thumb moved down over the palm during six of the eight trajectories, in excellent agreement with the crystallographic structure of unliganded RT. The large rearrangement of the p66 thumb subdomain, its tip moving approximately 30 Å, occurs during the first 30-200 ps. This approach may allow a detailed study of the processes involved in biologically significant conformational changes in macromolecules. Proteins 1999;35:332–337. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Enhancing the Serviceability and the Availability of IMS-Based Multimedia Services: Avoiding Core Service Failures (2008)

The delivery of a highly available and robust service offering is one of the critical objectives of Service Providers. Reaching this objective depends on the level of control Service Providers have on underlying transport infrastructure. Despite current deployment of IMS-based architectures assumes a vertical integration, IMS-based services can be offered without having a control on the underlying IP network. This paper introduces a solution to enhance the robustness of IMS-based architectures without assuming a vertically integrated system. The paper focuses on failures experienced by core service nodes and describes an autonomic solution to allow customers to access to the service during failures. This paper introduces a novel entity called SBC_PROXY which relays messages from peer SBCs (Session Border Controller) to core service platform. An autonomous mode in which all SBCs are involved in the lookup and routing processes is also described. This paper does not make any assumption on the nature of the service which is offered through IMS. Nevertheless, a focus is put on session-based services such as Audio/Video Telephony.
Lambs immunized with an inactivated variant of Anaplasma phagocytophilum (2015)

Immunization with inactivated A. phagocytophilum did not protect lambs TBF.
RMTP: a reliable multicast transport protocol (2002)

This paper describes the design and implementation of a multi-cast transport protocol called RMTP. RMTP provides sequenced, lossless delivery of bulk data from one sender to a group of receivers. RMTP achieves reliability by using a packet-based selective repeat retransmission scheme, in which each acknowledgment (ACK) packet carries a sequence number and a bitmap. ACK handling is based on a multi-level hierarchical approach, in which the receivers are grouped into a hierarchy of local regions, with a designated receiver (DR) in each local region. Receivers in each local region periodically send ACKs to their corresponding DR, DRs send ACKs to the higher-level DRs, until the DRs in the highest level send ACKs to the sender, thereby avoiding the ACK-implosion problem. DRs cache received data and respond to retransmission requests of the receivers in their corresponding local regions, thereby decreasing end-to-end latency and improving resource usage. This paper also provides the measurements of RMTP's performance with receivers located at various sites in the Internet.
A fast detection algorithm for concatenated overlapped code division multiplexing system (2010)

A fast decoding algorithm based on parallel detection is proposed for the serial concatenated overlapped code division multiplexing (SC-OVCDM) signals. It shows that maximum likelihood (ML) detection of SC-OVCDM inner decoder can be transformed into two parallel sub-decoders which have low computational complexity. In order to tighten the performance gap between the fast decoding algorithm and the optimum detection one, extrinsic information transfer between two sub-decoders is necessary. Simulations show that the optimum performance can be approached by the proposed algorithm. The loss in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared with the ML inner code detector is within 1.2dB. Moreover, the proposed algorithm's computational complexity cost is only one percent to the optimum algorithm which is exponential of inner OVCDM constraint length.
Role of Akt substrate of 160 kDa in insulin-stimulated and contraction-stimulated glucose transport (2007)

Insulin and exercise, the most important physiological stimuli to increase glucose transport in skeletal muscle, trigger a redistribution of GLUT4 glucose transporter proteins from the cell interior to the cell surface, thereby increasing glucose transport capacity. The most distal insulin signaling protein that has been linked to GLUT4 translocation, Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160), becomes phosphorylated in insulin-stimulated 3T3-L1 adipocytes; this is important for insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation and glucose transport. Insulin also induces a rapid and dose-dependent increase in AS160 phosphorylation in skeletal muscle. Available data from skeletal muscle support the concepts developed in adipocytes with regard to the role AS160 plays in the regulation of insulin-stimulated glucose transport. In vivo exercise, in vitro contractions, or in situ contractions can also stimulate AS160 phosphorylation. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is likely important for phosphorylating AS160 in response to exercise/contractile activity, whereas Akt2 appears to be important for insulin-stimulated AS160 phosphorylation in muscle. Evidence of a role for AS160 in exercise/contraction-stimulated glucose uptake is currently inconclusive. The distinct signaling pathways that are stimulated by insulin and exercise/contraction converge at AS160. Although AS160 phosphorylation is apparently important for insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation and glucose transport, it is uncertain whether elevated AS160 phosphorylation plays a similar role with exercise/contraction.
<i>In Vitro</i>Antimalarial Activity of Different Inhibitors of the Plasmodial Isoprenoid Synthesis Pathway (2015)

Previous studies have shown that fosmidomycin, risedronate, and nerolidol exert antimalarial activity in vitro. We included squalestatin, an inhibitor of the isoprenoid metabolism in Erwinia uredovora, and found that combinations of compounds which act on different targets of the plasmodial isoprenoid pathway possess important supra-additivity effects.
<title>Modeling of embedded magnetostrictive particulate actuators</title> (1996)

This paper deals with the modeling of the macroscopic behavior of magnetostrictive particulate actuators (MPA). MPA is made of magnetostrictive particles dispersed in a polymeric matrix. A load line equation is developed that relates the free strain with the mechanical stress experienced by the magnetostrictive particles. The load line equation combined with the material property gives the macroscopic behavior model of MPA. Numerical results to show the effect of volume fraction of particles and Young's modulus of matrix on the overall actuating performance are presented.
Fast Arithmetic Hardware Library For RLWE-Based Homomorphic Encryption (2020)

With billions of devices connected over the internet, the rise of sensor-based electronic devices have led to cloud computing being used as a commodity technology service. These sensor-based devices are often small and limited by power, storage, or compute capabilities, and hence, they achieve these capabilities via cloud services. However, this gives rise to data privacy issues as sensitive data is stored and computed over the cloud, which at most times, is a shared resource. Homomorphic encryption can be used along with cloud services to perform computations on encrypted data, guaranteeing data privacy. While about a decade’s work on improving homomorphic encryption has ensured its practicality, it is still several magnitudes slower than expected, making it expensive and infeasible to use. In this work, we propose a first-of-its-kind FPGA-based arithmetic hardware library that focuses on accelerating the key arithmetic operations involved in Ring Learning with Error (RLWE) based homomorphic encryption. We design and implement the FPGAbased Residue Number System (RNS), Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT), modulo inverse and modulo reduction operations as a first step. For all of these operations, we include a hardware cost efficient serial, and a fast parallel implementation in the library. A modular and parameterized design approach helps in easy customization, provides flexibility to extend these operations for use in most homomorphic encryption applications, and fits well into emerging FPGA-equipped cloud architectures.
MAPbox: using parameterized behavior classes to confine untrusted applications (2000)

Designing a suitable confinement mechanism to confine untrusted applications is challenging as such a mechanism needs to satisfy conflicting requirements. The main trade-off is between ease of use and flexibility. In this paper, we present the design, implementation and evaluation of MAPbox, a confinement mechanism that retains the ease of use of application-class-specific sandboxes such as the Java applet sandbox and the Janus document viewer sandbox while providing significantly more flexibility. The key idea is to group application behaviors into classes based on their expected functionality and the resources required to achieve that functionality. Classification of application behavior provides a set of labels (e.g., compiler, reader, netclient) that can be used to concisely communicate the expected functionality of programs between the provider and the users. This is similar to MIME-types which are widely used to concisely describe the expected format of data files. An end-user lists the set of application behaviors she is willing to allow in a file. With each label, she associates a sandbox that limits access to the set of resources needed to achieve the corresponding behavior. When an untrusted application is to be run, this file is consulted. If the label (or the MAP-type) associated with the application is not found in this file, it is not allowed to run. Else, the MAP-type is used to automatically locate and instantiate the appropriate sandbox. We believe that this may be an acceptable level of user interaction since a similar technique (i.e., MIME-types) has been fairly successful for handling documents with different formats. In this paper, we present a set of application behavior classes that we have identified based on a study of a diverse suite of applications that includes CGI scripts, programs downloaded from well-known web repositories and applications from the Solaris 5.6 distribution. We describe the implementation and usage of MAPbox. We evaluate MAPbox from two different perspectives: its effectiveness (how well it is able to confine a suite of untrusted applications) and effciency (what is the overhead introduced). Finally, we describe our experience with MAPbox and discuss potential limitations of this approach.
Relationship of vasodilator-induced changes in myocardial oxygenation with the severity of coronary artery stenosis: a study using oxygenation-sensitive cardiovascular magnetic resonance (2014)

An FFR of <0.80 is associated with a lack of an adenosine-inducible increase in oxygenation of the dependent coronary territory, while a complete lack of such an increase was best predicted by an FFR of <0.54. Further studies are warranted to identify clinically meaningful cut-off values for FFR measurements and to assess the utility of OS-CMR as an alternative clinical tool for assessing the functional relevance of coronary artery stenosis.
Study of fuel cetane number and aromatic-content effects on regulated emissions from a heavy-duty diesel engine. Final report (1990)

As heavy-duty diesel engine manufacturers strive to meet stringent emission requirements, the relationship between regulated emissions and fuel properties has become increasingly important. Emissions of particulate and NOx are of special interest because control of these pollutants represents a major problem for the diesel engine. Earlier study VE-1 study results indicated that fuel aromatic content was correlated with cetane number. To determine the effects of cetane number, cetane improver, and fuel aromatics on exhaust emissions (NOx, particulate, HC, and CO), a follow-on study was developed by the VE-1 Group and is reported herein as Phase II of the VE-1 project. The study determined cetane number is the fuel property affecting hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions. Both cetane number and aromatic content affect NOx emissions and cetane number and possibly aromatic content affect particulate emissions.
Pyroelectric Thermometer for Use at Low Temperatures (1969)

The applicability of pyroelectric thermometry to temperature change or temperature rate measurement at low temperatures was studied, with particular emphasis on calorimetry. The pyroelectric coefficients, dc dielectric constants, and volume resistivities of three ferroelectric ceramic materials, Clevite Ceramic B, PZT-4, and PZT-5A, were measured over the temperature range 4.2 to 300K. The pyroelectric coefficients were found to be reproducible, but large electric fields, thermal shock, and aging affected them. Expressions are derived for the temperature responsivity (voltage output per unit temperature change), noise equivalent temperature change (temperature change equivalent to the electrical noise in a pyroelectric thermometer), and figure of merit (a parameter characterizing the physical properties of a pyroelectric material). Typical temperature responsivities of 8.0 and 165 V/K, and values of noise equivalent temperature change of 2.5 and 0.12 μK, at 5 and 300K, respectively, are calculated. Recommendations are given for the use of a pyroelectric thermometer in a low temperature calorimeter.
<i>In Vitro</i> Detection of Porphyrin-Producing Wound Bacteria with Real-Time Fluorescence Imaging (2020)

<b>Aim:</b> Fluorescence imaging can visualize polymicrobial populations in chronic and acute wounds based on porphyrin fluorescence. We investigated the fluorescent properties of specific wound pathogens and the fluorescence detected from bacteria in biofilm. <b>Methods:</b> Utilizing Remel Porphyrin Test Agar, 32 bacterial and four yeast species were examined for red fluorescence under 405 nm violet light illumination. Polymicrobial biofilms, supplemented with δ-aminolevulinic acid, were investigated similarly. <b>Results:</b> A total of 28/32 bacteria, 1/4 yeast species and polymicrobial biofilms produced red fluorescence, in agreement with their known porphyrin production abilities. <b>Conclusion:</b> These results identify common wound pathogens capable of producing porphyrin-specific fluorescence and support clinical observations using fluorescence imaging to detect pathogenic bacteria in chronic wounds.
A Magnetoelastic Model for Villari-Effect Magnetostrictive Sensors (2002)

Abstract : A magnetomechanical model for the design and control of Villari-effect magnetostrictive sensors is presented. The model quantifies the magnetization changes that a magnetostrictive material undergoes when subjected to a dc excitation field and variable stresses. The magnetic behavior is characterized by considering the Jiles-Atherton mean field theory for ferromagnetic hysteresis, which is constructed from a thermodynamic balance between the energy available for magnetic moment rotation and the energy lost as domain walls attach to and detach from pinning sites. The effect of stress on magnetization is quantified through a law of approach to the anhysteretic magnetization. Elastic properties of the sensor are incorporated by means of a wave equation that quantifies the strains and stresses arising in response to moment rotations. This yields a nonlinear PDE system for the strains, stresses and magnetization state of a magnetostrictive transducer as it drives or is driven by external loads. Because the model addresses the magnetoelastic coupling, it is applicable to both magnetostrictive sensors and actuators. Properties of the model and approximation method are illustrated by comparison with experimental data collected from a Terfenol-D sensor.
Preparation of double layer hexagonal ferrite films for high density longitudinal magnetic recording media (1984)

The deposition of the hexagonal ferrite films hopeful for high density recording has been attempted by means of Targets-Facing Type(TFT) of sputtering apparatus. The sputtering conditions and the concentration of sputtered films were investigated. The difference in composition between targets and deposited film becomes larger when the substrate temperature is elevated above 600°C. In order to obtain the films with stoichiometric composition, it is necessary to adjust the composition of target. If the films of hexagonal ferrite such as Co <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> Z type are desired, the substrate temperature Ts should be very high because the activation energy of the constitutes of Co <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> Z system is high. An undesirable reaction takes place easily between sputtered particles and SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> surface layer of SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> /Si substrate. In that case, cobalt silicate and barium silicate were formed in the films deposited at Ts above 700°C. As a under layer for preventing such a reaction, Al <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> , ZnO, and AlN films has been examined. The films deposited at Ts of 700°C, included BaM phase with good orientation of c-axis normal to the film plane but most desirable Co <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> Z phase. Magnetic property of the film deposited on SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> / Si substrate were 1∼3kOe in coercivity (in plane) Hc ,0.6∼0.9 in squareness S, and 160∼260 emu/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> in saturation magnetization Ms.
Mutations of the noncoding region of the connexin32 gene in X-linked dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy (1996)

We studied two families with X-linked dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy. The clinical findings included onset around age 14 years, with moderate weakness of feet extensors and palmar and dorsal interossei, areflexia, distal hypesthesia, and slow progressivity. Motor nerve conduction velocities showed slowing (20 to 30 m/sec) and EMGs were normal. Genetic linkage analysis revealed positive lod scores with the markers of the Xq13.1 region in family 2, but was noninformative in family 1. There were no point mutations in the connexin32 gene coding region. Instead, family 1 revealed a T-to-G transversion at position -528 relative to the ATG start codon, whereas family 2 showed a C-to-T transition at position -458. The first mutation is located in the nerve-specific connexin32 promoter just upstream of the transcription start site, the second is located in the 5' untranslated region of the mRNA.
Optimizing Production Manufacturing Using Reinforcement Learning (1998)

Many industrial processes involve making parts with an assembly of machines, where each machine carries out an operation on a part, and the finished product requires a whole series of operations. A well-studied example of such a factory structure is the transfer line, which involves a sequence of machines. Optimizing transfer lines has been a subject of much study in the industrial engineering and operations research fields. A desirable goal of a lean manufacturing system is to maximize demand, while keeping inventory levels of unfinished product as low as possible. This prob-lem is intractable since the number of states is usually very large, and the underlying models are stochastic. In this paper we present an artificial intelligence ap-proach to optimization based on a simulation-based dynamic programming method called reinforcement learning. We describe a reinforcement learning algo-rithm called SMART, and compare its performance on optimizing manufacturing systems with that of stan-dard heuristics used in industry.