gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heparin/heparan sulfate chelation inhibits control of vascular repair by tissue-engineered endothelial cells (1997)

The relative importance of heparin-like compounds in mediating vascular repair is unclear. We investigated how protamine, a chelator of heparin, affected endothelial cell inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell growth and intimal hyperplasia. The 52% (P < 0.001) reduction in smooth muscle cell proliferation produced by postconfluent endothelial cell-conditioned medium was entirely reversed by pretreatment of medium with heparinase and heparitinase and was inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion by the coadministration of protamine. Pretreatment of conditioned medium with heparinase and heparitinase largely prevented protamine's mitogenic activity, suggesting that protamine affects growth by interacting with heparin-like compounds. Perivascular implantation of polymerengrafted endothelial cells reduced neointima formation in denuded rat carotid arteries by 92% (P < 0.001) and cell proliferation by 81% (P < 0.001). Coadministration of protamine abolished the inhibitory potential of the cell implants, resulting in a nearly twofold exacerbation of intimal hyperplasia compared with controls (P < 0.001). Thus heparin-like molecules are essential to the biochemical regulation of vascular repair provided by endothelial cells, and the continued routine clinical use of heparin chelators, like protamine, may be questionable.
EVALUATION OF COTTON CULTIVARS FOR RESISTANCE AND TOLERANCE TO ROTYLENCHULUS RENIFORMIS (2005)

Transgenic and conventional cotton cultivars were examined in the greenhouse and two field locations for resistance and tolerance to R. reniformis. Greenhouse evaluations of 52 cotton cultivars found all cotton cultivars tested were susceptible to R. reniformis. Reproductive factors (Rf) ranged from a high of 59.4 to a low of 4.1. The cultivars SG 105, DP 543 BGII/RR, DP 445BG/RR, and FM 989 R exhibited the lowest 5% of the Rf values. Selected cotton cultivars were evaluated for tolerance to the reniform nematode in both north and south R. reniformis infested areas of Alabama. None of the cultivars evaluated were found to be tolerant to R. reniformis and able to maintain yield potential in northern AL. In southern AL, ST 4793 R and SG 521 R exhibited greater or equal yields between fumigated and non-fumigated plots; however, neither cultivar was consistently tolerant to R. reniformis in northern AL. Results of greenhouse and field testing indicate resistance and consistent tolerance to R. reniformis is not currently available. Although there is no consistent tolerance to R. reniformis, a high yielding variety suited to the area of production can aid in increased yields in the presence of R. reniformis. Results from northern and southern locations in Alabama indicated that cultivars such as DP 451 BR and FM 991 BR, which are intolerant to R. reniformis, can be of economic value if nematicides are not implemented.
Minor saponins from the sea cucumber Cue umaria frondosa (2001)

The structures of three sapon ins from Cucumaria frondosa have been determined principally by hi gh field I D and 20 NMR data. Frondoside F 5 is shown to possess the structure 3B-0-{3-0-methyl-6-sulfonato-B-o-glucopyranosyl( I ~3)-0-B-o-6-sulfonato-glucopyranosyl-( I ~4)-0-[B-o-xylopyranosy l-( I ~2))-0-B-o-quinovopyranosyl-( I ~2)-0-B-o4-sulfonato-xylopyranosyly} -17a-hydroxy-20R-acetoxy-22R-hydroxy-Sa-lanost-24-ene-18-carboxylic acid ( 18-22) lactone, trisodium salt and represents a new class of holothurin distinguished by its C-18-22 lactone. Frondoside E2 7 is 3B-O{ 3-0-methyl-B-D-glucopyranosyl( I ~3)-0-B-o-glucopyranosyl-( I ~4)-0-[B-o-xylopyranosyl( I ~2))-0-B-o­ quinovopyranosyl-( I ~2)-0-B-o-4-sulfonatopyranosyl }-holosta-9( II ),24-dien-16-one, sodium (or potassium) salt, while frondoside E1 6 is found to be identical with previously reported cucumarioside Ar2 from C. japonica .
Methanation of CO over Nickel:  Mechanism and Kinetics at High H<sub>2</sub>/CO Ratios (2004)

The CO methanation reaction over nickel was studied at low CO concentrations and at hydrogen pressures slightly above ambient pressure. The kinetics of this reaction is well described by a first-order expression with CO dissociation at the nickel surface as the rate-determining step. At very low CO concentrations, adsorption of CO molecules and H atoms compete for the sites at the surface, whereas the coverage of CO is close to unity at higher CO pressures. The ratio of the equilibrium constants for CO and H atom adsorption, K(CO)/K(H), was obtained from the rate of CO methanation at various CO concentrations. K(H) was determined independently from temperature programmed adsorption/desorption of hydrogen to be K(H) = 7.7 x 10(-4) (bar(-0.5)) exp[43 (kJ/mol)/RT] and hence the equilibrium constants for adsorption of CO molecules may be calculated to be K(CO) = 3 x 10(-7) (bar(-1)) exp[122 (kJ/mol)/RT]. Furthermore, the rate of dissociation of CO at the catalyst surface was determined to be 5 x 10(9) (s(-1)) exp[-96.7 (kJ/mol)/RT] assuming that 5% of the surface nickel atoms are active for CO dissociation. The results are compared to equilibrium and rate constants reported in the literature.
A Centralised Approach to Power On-Off Optimisation for Heterogeneous Networks (2012)

The design of centralized algorithms and techniques allowing for an efficient utilisation of infrastructure in terms of energy consumption is one of the key challenges in heterogeneous networks (HetNets). In this study the energy efficiency in the HetNet scenario is formulated as an optimisation problem and an iterative improvement algorithmic approach to power on-off of network cells is devised and evaluated. The algorithm is based on the simulated annealing search approach and the obtained network configuration solutions are compared to a baseline configuration scenario where all cells are powered on. The optimization search is guided by an objective function which is defined on outage throughput and energy efficiency. Simulation results show that significant energy reductions gains can be achieved by switching off macro cells and with no loss of the cell edge user throughput. In some scenarios the algorithm generates solutions which considerably increase network throughput. The gains are more pronounced in configurations where pico cells are deployed at hot zones of user clusters.
Physiologic and essential tremor (1986)

We studied physiologic and essential hand tremor using inertial loading; hand acceleration and forearm EMG data were analyzed by auto- and cross-spectral analysis. Early essential tremor was qualitatively similar to the 8- to 12-Hz component of physiologic tremor, suggesting that this tremor component is a forme fruste of essential tremor. Advanced essential tremor had a frequency of 4 to 8 Hz. Patients with tremor frequencies in both ranges were observed in each of 10 families. In antagonistic forearm muscles, both synchronous and alternating tremor bursts were observed in 11 of 44 patients. Essential tremor should not be classified solely on the basis of frequency or EMG pattern.
New Analytical Methods for Silicone Elastomers Used in Drug Delivery Systems (2003)

The modern pharmaceutical industry requires high qualityperformance and documentation in all the manufacturing steps tomeet continually increasing economic and regulatory demands.This includes the need for new advanced analytical methods toensure high consistency of the incoming raw materials, and ofthe intermediate and final products. This thesis describes the development of new analyticalmethods or the refinement of established methods for siliconeelastomers with a focus on high selectivity, accuracy andprecision. Spectroscopy (NMR, IR MS), chromatography (GC, LC)and thermoanalytical techniques (TGA, DSC, DMTA) have been usedto analyse the consistency of the silicone materialcomposition. These methods have also been used to improve theproduction processes for a controlled drug release product andto ensure that the regulatory demands of the final product aremet. The dimethyl silicone elastomer used was cured by ahydrosilylation mechanism where vinyl and hydride siloxanegroups add and form an ethylene crosslinking bond. Thisreaction is catalysed by platinum in the presence of aninhibitor to prevent the material from curing at roomtemperature. The low amounts of vinyl and hydride groups were quantifiedby a new NMR method. As a complement, a large number of sampleswere analysed with respect of their hydride content with arapid IR method. The low molecular weight inhibitor was determined with a newheadspace GC method. We also found that the inhibitor contentwas of great importance in the manufacture of the controlleddrug delivery device. If the inhibitor content was too low, thepre-curing made the material practically impossible tohandle. After curing, we found residues of hydride groups in theelastomer that had a negative impact on the product properties.Using NMR and IR for hydride quantification, we developed acontrolled procedure by storing the material in a room atconstant temperature and humidity in order to decompose thesehydride groups. Several other methods which were developed are alsodescribed in this thesis. The methods are essential both duringthe development phase and in the quality control phase in themanufacture of a silicone elastomer drug delivery device.
Isolation of Cephalosporin C (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation of Cephalosporin CE. L. Patterson, J. C. Van Meter, and N. BohonosCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1964, 7, 5, 689Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00335a039https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00335a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views271Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nitric oxide inhibits tumor necrosis factor-α-induced apoptosis by reducing the generation of ceramide (2000)

Apoptosis triggered by death receptors proceeds after defined signal-transduction pathways. Whether signaling at the receptor level is regulated by intracellular messengers is still unknown. We have investigated the role of two messengers, ceramide and nitric oxide (NO), on the apoptotic pathway activated in human monocytic U937 cells by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) working at its p55 receptor. Two transduction events, the receptor recruitment of the adapter protein, TRADD, and the activation of the initiator caspase, caspase 8, were investigated. When administered alone, neither of the messengers had any effect on these events. In combination with TNF-alpha, however, ceramide potentiated, whereas NO inhibited, TNF-alpha-induced TRADD recruitment and caspase 8 activity. The effect of NO, which was cGMP-dependent, was due to inhibition of the TNF-alpha-induced generation of ceramide. Our results identify a mechanism of regulation of a signal-transduction pathway activated by death receptors.
Optical multimode interference router based on a liquid crystal waveguide (2003)

In this paper, for the first time, the performance of an electro-optical router, working at a wavelength of 1.55µm and based on multimode interference effects together with the electro-optic effect of smectic A liquid crystal, is theoretically and numerically discussed. The device comprises: a single-mode input optical channel waveguide, a bimodal active region with a liquid crystal over-layer, and an output Y-branch to separate the two output channels. The active region is designed to allow a π shift between the two modes that it supports, by means of the electro-optic effect of smectic A, in order to steer light from one output channel to the other. The principal advantages of such a device include a fast tuning speed, low power consumption, low cost and small device size.
An enzyme from Saccharomyces cerevisiae uses NAD+ to transfer the splice junction 2'-phosphate from ligated tRNA to an acceptor molecule (1991)

An enzyme from Saccharomyces cerevisiae which removes the splice junction 2'-phosphate from ligated tRNA appears to require NAD+. This two-component enzyme has been previously implicated in tRNA splicing because of its specificity for substrates bearing an internal 2'-phosphate and because of the absence of other observed proteins that can efficiently catalyze the same activity after fractionation of the extracts. We show here that component I of this enzyme is heat-stable, chromatographs as a small molecule, can be substituted efficiently by NAD+, and comigrates with NAD+ on a reversed-phase column. Dephosphorylation of ligated tRNA in the presence of component I or NAD+ is accompanied by stoichiometric transfer of the splice junction 2'-phosphate to an unidentified acceptor molecule.
DMN Operational Synchrony Relates to Self-Consciousness: Evidencefrom Patients in Vegetative and Minimally Conscious States (2012)

The default mode network (DMN) has been consistently activated across a wide variety of self-related tasks, leading to a proposal of the DMN's role in self-related processing. Indeed, there is limited fMRI evidence that the functional connectivity within the DMN may underlie a phenomenon referred to as self-awareness. At the same time, none of the known studies have explicitly investigated neuronal functional interactions among brain areas that comprise the DMN as a function of self-consciousness loss. To fill this gap, EEG operational synchrony analysis [1, 2] was performed in patients with severe brain injuries in vegetative and minimally conscious states to study the strength of DMN operational synchrony as a function of self-consciousness expression. We demonstrated that the strength of DMN EEG operational synchrony was smallest or even absent in patients in vegetative state, intermediate in patients in minimally conscious state and highest in healthy fully self-conscious subjects. At the same time the process of ecoupling of operations performed by neuronal assemblies that comprise the DMN was highest in patients in vegetative state, intermediate in patients in minimally conscious state and minimal in healthy fully self-conscious subjects. The DMN's frontal EEG operational module had the strongest decrease in operational synchrony strength as a function of selfconsciousness loss, when compared with the DMN's posterior modules. Based on these results it is suggested that the strength of DMN functional connectivity could mediate the strength of self-consciousness expression. The observed alterations similarly occurred across EEG alpha, beta1 and beta2 frequency oscillations. Presented results suggest that the EEG operational synchrony within DMN may provide an objective and accurate measure for the assessment of signs of self-(un)consciousness in these challenging patient populations. This method therefore, may complement the current diagnostic procedures for patients with severe brain injuries and, hence, the planning of a rational rehabilitation intervention.
Heart and Skeletal Muscle Inflammation of Farmed Salmon Is Associated with Infection with a Novel Reovirus (2010)

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) mariculture has been associated with epidemics of infectious diseases that threaten not only local production, but also wild fish coming into close proximity to marine pens and fish escaping from them. Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) is a frequently fatal disease of farmed Atlantic salmon. First recognized in one farm in Norway in 1999, HSMI was subsequently implicated in outbreaks in other farms in Norway and the United Kingdom. Although pathology and disease transmission studies indicated an infectious basis, efforts to identify an agent were unsuccessful. Here we provide evidence that HSMI is associated with infection with piscine reovirus (PRV). PRV is a novel reovirus identified by unbiased high throughput DNA sequencing and a bioinformatics program focused on nucleotide frequency as well as sequence alignment and motif analyses. Formal implication of PRV in HSMI will require isolation in cell culture and fulfillment of Koch's postulates, or prevention or modification of disease through use of specific drugs or vaccines. Nonetheless, as our data indicate that a causal relationship is plausible, measures must be taken to control PRV not only because it threatens domestic salmon production but also due to the potential for transmission to wild salmon populations.
Population-Based Study of Islet Cell Carcinoma (2007)

Islet cell carcinomas account for approximately 1.3% of cancers arising in the pancreas. Most patients have advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. Despite the disease's reputation of being indolent, survival of patients with advanced disease remains only 2 years. Development of novel therapeutic approaches is needed.
Topical silver for treating infected wounds (2007)

Only three trials with a short follow-up duration were found. There is insufficient evidence to recommend the use of silver-containing dressings or topical agents for treatment of infected or contaminated chronic wounds.
A comparison between the efficacy of Bio-Oss, hydroxyapatite tricalcium phosphate and combination of mesenchymal stem cells in inducing bone regeneration (2012)

An MSC-loaded HA/TCP scaffold is a more effective alternative than Bio-OSS or HA/TCP in inducing bone regeneration.
COMPAS: Compositional mineralogy with a photoacoustic spectrometer (1992)

There is an important need for an in situ method of mineral and rock identification and quantification that provides true absorption spectra for a wide spectral range for lunar lander/rover missions. Many common minerals such as feldspars, magnetite, ilmenite, and amorphous fine solids or glasses, can exhibit flat spectral reflectances in the 400-2500 nm spectral region that render inaccurate or difficult their spectral detection and quantitative analysis. Ideal rock and mineral spectra are, of course, pure absorption spectra that are independent of the spectral effects of scattering, particle size, and distribution that can result in a suppression or distortion of their spectral features. This ideal seldom pertains to real samples. Since sample preparation is difficult and may fundamentally alter the observed diffuse spectral reflectance, an in situ spectral measurement method for rocks and minerals on the Moon, insensitive to the sample morphology, would be invaluable. Photoacoustic spectroscopy is a well-established technique appropriate for this task that has been widely applied in condensed-phase spectral studies of complex, highly light scattering, unprepared samples of everything from coal to whole blood, including rock and mineral characterization. A Compositional Mineralogy Photoacoustic Spectrometer, or COMPAS, can enable in situ spectral measurement of rocks and minerals, bypassing the major limitations of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. COMPAS spectral capabilities for rock and mineral samples will be incorporated into an instrument prototype specifically for lunar measurements, compatible with rover capabilities.
A congestion control framework for high-speed integrated packetized transport (2003)

The authors briefly discuss general congestion control design approaches in the context of integrated, packetized transport for a public, broadband ISDN (integrated services digital network) environment. A framework is developed for the congestion control design that is applicable to asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), and related performance issues and standardization requirements are identified. The proposed congestion control approach is simple, fair, and non-service-optimized, and it allows an explicit tradeoff to be made between transport performance and bandwidth efficiency. Through this framework, the authors envision future integrated multimedia networks where terminals could efficiently shape their traffic flow characteristics to match those required by transport controls.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Analysis of Polymorphisms and Haplotype Structure of the Human Thymidylate Synthase Genetic Region: A Tool for Pharmacogenetic Studies (2012)

5-Fluorouracil (5FU), a widely used chemotherapeutic drug, inhibits the DNA replicative enzyme, thymidylate synthase (Tyms). Prior studies implicated a VNTR (variable numbers of tandem repeats) polymorphism in the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of the TYMS gene as a determinant of Tyms expression in tumors and normal tissues and proposed that these VNTR genotypes could help decide fluoropyrimidine dosing. Clinical associations between 5FU-related toxicity and the TYMS VNTR were reported, however, results were inconsistent, suggesting that additional genetic variation in the TYMS gene might influence Tyms expression. We thus conducted a detailed genetic analysis of this region, defining new polymorphisms in this gene including mononucleotide (poly A:T) repeats and novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) flanking the VNTR in the TYMS genetic region. Our haplotype analysis of this region used data from both established and novel genetic variants and found nine SNP haplotypes accounting for more than 90% of the studied population. We observed non-exclusive relationships between the VNTR and adjacent SNP haplotypes, such that each type of VNTR commonly occurred on several haplotype backgrounds. Our results confirmed the expectation that the VNTR alleles exhibit homoplasy and lack the common ancestry required for a reliable marker of a linked adjacent locus that might govern toxicity. We propose that it may be necessary in a clinical trial to assay multiple types of genetic polymorphisms in the TYMS region to meaningfully model linkage of genetic markers to 5FU-related toxicity. The presence of multiple long (up to 26 nt), polymorphic monothymidine repeats in the promoter region of the sole human thymidylate synthetic enzyme is intriguing.
Preclinical Results of Camptothecin-Polymer Conjugate (IT-101) in Multiple Human Lymphoma Xenograft Models (2009)

The promising present results provide the basis for a phase I clinical trial in patients with relapsed/refractory lymphoma.