gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study on the Blend Film Prepared by Alginate and Gelatin (2011)

In this paper, the effects of temperature, ionic concentration and pH on the blend solution of gelatin with sodium alginate were investigated and the properties of the blend films prepared by gelatin and sodium alginate were studied by FT–IR, DSC and SEM. The results indicated that the blend system of sodium alginate and gelatin had a conditional miscibility, the interactions between sodium alginate and gelatin molecular chains interact through hydrogen bond formation, the surface of blend film had a relatively flat and compact surface and the mass of blend membrane changed a little from 0°C to less than 800°C , however, dropped suddenly at 800°C which showed the stability of blend film was better.
Droplet microfluidics on a planar surface (2003)

This work reports on the modelling of, and experiments on, a method in which liquid is transported as droplets on a planar hydrophobic surface with no moving parts, merely through electrostatic forces generated by the underlying electrodes. Two-directional transportation along a straight electrode path and across a junction, fusion of two droplets and methods for importing, exporting and filtering of water droplets were demonstrated, and can be used as basic functions of a lab-on-a-chip type microfluidic system.\n\nIn this work, the electrostatic droplet actuation is for the first time demonstrated on super-hydrophobic surfaces. Such surfaces are composed of air-filled pores and exhibit a very low droplet sliding resistance due to reduced contact angle hysteresis and a high water contact angle (usually > 150°). This work shows that superhydrophobic surfaces can be used to reduce the minimum voltage and to increase the maximum speed under certain conditions, but there are some harmful side-effects. First of all, the electrostatic pressure can push water into the surface pores, which hinders actuation. The phenomenon can also be treated as a vertical electrowetting effect. Another drawback is that the use of superhydrophobic surfaces makes actuation more critical to the properties of the liquid. For example, actuation of biological buffer solutions was not successful. For these reasons, it is concluded that it is more beneficial to use a smooth surface with low hysteresis than a superhydrophobic surface in droplet actuation.\n\nElectrostatic droplet actuation is a potential method for manipulating liquid on a microscopic scale, but there is still work to do. This work contains a detailed examination of the droplet actuation mechanism, and trapping of charges in the solid-liquid interface is found to be the most severe problem that needs to be solved.
Reduction of indoles and related compounds (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReduction of indoles and related compoundsBrian RobinsonCite this: Chem. Rev. 1969, 69, 6, 785–797Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60262a003https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60262a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2556Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sarcopenia and Mortality after Liver Transplantation (2010)

Central sarcopenia strongly correlates with mortality after liver transplantation. Such objective measures of patient frailty, such as sarcopenia, can inform clinical decision making and, potentially, allocation policy. Additional work is needed develop valid and clinically relevant measures of sarcopenia and frailty in liver transplantation.
Circuit properties of coils (1997)

Measurements conducted on cylindrical single-layer coils reveal some of their high-frequency properties. A set of measured resonance and antiresonance frequencies is used to determine a series of partial inductances and partial capacitances of a coil, based on Foster's first form of two-terminal LC networks. Although the procedure departs from most general properties of LC coils, the system of partial capacitances and inductances at low frequencies reduces to coil inductance and self-capacitance. In cases when a coil is operated with one end free, the standard procedure of self-capacitance determination has to be modified accordingly, to take into account the top capacitance of the coil.
Biotechnology Applications for Sugar Beet (2008)

Abstract Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is an important industrial crop, being one of only two plant sources from which sucrose (i.e., sugar) can be economically produced. Despite its relatively short period of cultivation (ca. 200 years), its yield and quality parameters have been significantly improved by conventional breeding methods. However, during the last two decades or so, advanced in vitro culture and genetic transformation technologies have been incorporated with classical breeding programs, the main aim being the production of herbicide-and salt-tolerant, disease- and pest-resistant cultivars. Among the many applications of in vitro culture techniques, sugar beet has benefited the most from haploid plant production, protoplast culture, and somaclonal variation and in vitro cell selection. Several genetic transformation technologies have been developed, such as Agrobacterium-meditated, PEG-mediated, particle bombardment, electroporation, sonication and somatic hybridization, the first two being the most successful. Development of herbicide- and salt-tolerant, virus-, pest/nematode-, fungus/Cercospora- and insect-resistant sugar beet has been demonstrated. However, only herbicide-tolerant varieties have been approved for commercialization but not yet available in the marketplace; rhizomania-resistant varieties are being evaluated in field trials. Transgenic plants that convert sucrose into fructan, a polymer of fructose, were also developed. Initial attempts to increase sucrose yields produced promising results, but it still requires additional work. Despite marked progress in improving regeneration and transformation of sugar beet, genotype dependence and low regeneration and transformation frequencies are still serious restrictions for routine application of in vitro culture and, more importantly, transformation technologies. Selected food safety and environmental impact, as well as regulatory and public acceptance issues relating to transgenic sugar beet are also discussed. Keywords: Environmental impactspublic acceptancegenetic transformation in vitro culturetransgenic traits Referee: Professor Mitchell J. McGrath, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Michigan State University, 494 Plant and Soil Sciences Bldg, East Lansing MI, 48824-1325
Performance Evaluation of Dynamic Page Allocation Strategies in SSDs (2016)

Solid-state drives (SSDs) with tens of NAND flash chips and highly parallel architectures are widely used in enterprise and client storage systems. As any write operation in NAND flash is preceded by a slow erase operation, an out-of-place update mechanism is used to distribute writes through SSD storage space to postpone erase operations as far as possible. SSD controllers use a mapping table along with a specific allocation strategy to map logical host addresses to physical page addresses within storage space. The allocation strategy is further responsible for accelerating I/O operations through better striping of physical addresses over SSD parallel resources. Proposals already exist for using static logical-to-physical address mapping that does not balance the I/O traffic load within the SSD, and its efficiency highly depends on access patterns. A more balanced distribution of I/O operations is to alternate resource allocation in a round-robin manner irrespective of logical addresses. The number of resources that can be dynamically allocated in this fashion is defined as the degree of freedom, and to the best of our knowledge, there has been no research thus far to show what happens if different degrees of freedom are used in allocation strategy. This article explores the possibility of using dynamic resource allocation and identifies key design opportunities that it presents to improve SSD performance. Specifically, using steady-state analysis of SSDs, we show that dynamism helps to mitigate performance and endurance overheads of garbage collection. Our steady-state experiments indicate that midrange/high-end SSDs with dynamic allocation can provide I/O operations per second (IOPS) improvement of up to 3.3x/9.6x, response time improvement of up to 56%/32%, and about 88%/96% average reduction in the standard deviation of erase counts of NAND flash blocks.
On Honey Bees and Dynamic Server Allocation in Internet Hosting Centers (2004)

Internet centers host services for e-banks, e-auctions and other clients. Hosting centers then must allocate servers among clients to maximize revenue. The limited number of servers, costs of reallocating servers, and unpredictability of requests make server allocation optimization difficult Based on the many similarities between server and honey bee colony forager allocation, we pro pose a new decentralized honey bee algorithm which dynamically allocates servers to satisfy request loads. We compare it against an omniscient optimality algorithm, a conventional greedy algorithm, and an algorithm that computes omnisciently the optimal static allocation. We evaluate performance on simulated request streams and commercial trace data Our algorithm performs better than static or greedy for highly variable request loads, but greedy can outperform it under low variability. Honey bee forager allocation, though suboptimal for static food sources, may possess a counterbalancing responsiveness to food source variability.
Electrochemically Deposited Polyaniline Nanowire’s Network (2005)

A large-area network of polyaniline nanowires was potentiostatically deposited on a stainless steel electrode at the potential of and characterized in electrolyte for a redox supercapacitor. The specific capacitance of and specific power of was obtained at the charge-discharge current density of . A long charge-discharge cyclic stability of the polyaniline nanowires is observed.
<i>In vivo</i> nuclear overhauser effect in <sup>31</sup>P‐ {<sup>1</sup>H} double‐resonance experiments in a 1.5‐T whole‐body MR system (1990)

Abstract In 31 P‐ { 1 H} MR experiments of humans in a 1.5‐T whole‐body system, signal intensity enhancements of 1 P resonances of up to 68 ± 4% (for phosphocreatine of the calf muscle) have been observed upon irradiation at proton frequency. This observation is explained as a nuclear Overhauser effect due to the dipolar coupling between 1 H and 1 P spins. © 1990 Academic Press, Inc.
Wood fibers as reinforcing fillers for polyolefins (1984)

Abstract Wood pulp fibers possess strength and modulus properties which compare favorably with glass fibers when the differences in fiber densities are considered. Softwood pulp fibers with fiber aspect ratios near 100 are readily dispersed into high‐density polyethylene or isotactic polypropylene with the aid of carboxyic dispersing agents to form mixtures containing 50 weight‐percent wood pulp which can be readily injection molded. The mechanical properties of the molded specimens were similar for all types of pulp including Kraft (bleached and unbleached), mechanical and chemical‐mechanical pulps, waste pulps, and reclaim newspapers. Comparisons of the stiffness/weight efficiencies revealed that pulp composites equal or exceed the stiffness of most traditional materials of construction including steel, aluminum, glass‐fiber composites, and talefilled polyolefins, while retaining a major material cost advantage. The measured strength values of the pulp composites were less than the theoretically predicted values due to the presence of voids created by the formation of volatiles during processing. Mechanical pulps which were available in dry form were preferred because of lower cost and ease of handling. Wood fibers are non‐abrasive so that relatively large concentrations may be incorporated into polyolefins without causing serious machine wear during mixing and fabrication.
Regulation of SR protein phosphorylation and alternative splicing by modulating kinetic interactions of SRPK1 with molecular chaperones (2009)

Phosphorylation is essential for the SR family of splicing factors/regulators to function in constitutive and regulated pre-mRNA splicing; yet both hypo- and hyperphosphorylation of SR proteins are known to inhibit splicing, indicating that SR protein phosphorylation must be tightly regulated in the cell. However, little is known how SR protein phosphorylation might be regulated during development or in response to specific signaling events. Here, we report that SRPK1, a ubiquitously expressed SR protein-specific kinase, directly binds to the cochaperones Hsp40/DNAjc8 and Aha1, which mediate dynamic interactions of the kinase with the major molecular chaperones Hsp70 and Hsp90 in mammalian cells. Inhibition of the Hsp90 ATPase activity induces dissociation of SRPK1 from the chaperone complexes, which can also be triggered by a stress signal (osmotic shock), resulting in translocation of the kinase from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, differential phosphorylation of SR proteins, and alteration of splice site selection. These findings connect the SRPK to the molecular chaperone system that has been implicated in numerous signal transduction pathways and provide mechanistic insights into complex regulation of SR protein phosphorylation and alternative splicing in response to developmental cues and cellular signaling.
A method for online verification of adapted fields using an independent dose monitor (2013)

The modified IQM system was found to be suitable for online verification of adapted treatment fields.
Detection of hepatic metastases: analysis of pulse sequence performance in MR imaging. (1986)

Forty-three patients with liver metastases were imaged using 14 different pulse sequences (average, 7.5 sequences per patient) to allow direct comparison of their performance. "T2-weighted" spin-echo (SE) images, "T1-weighted" inversion recovery (IR) images, and "T1-weighted" SE images were obtained using a wide range of timing parameters. Pulse sequence performance was quantitated by measuring liver signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios and cancer-liver signal difference-to-noise (SD/N) ratios. Data were standardized to reflect a constant imaging time of 9 minutes for all pulse sequences. The SE 2,000/120 (TR [repetition time]/TE [echo time]) sequence resulted in the greatest SD/N ratio of the T2-weighted SE sequences but also yielded the low S/N ratios, poor anatomic resolution, and motion artifacts common to all T2-weighted SE images. IR sequence images were also sensitive to motion artifacts because of the use of a long TR (1,500 msec). Short TR/TE T1-weighted SE sequences (SE 260/18) had the greatest SD/N ratio (P less than .05), S/N ratio, and anatomic resolution. Furthermore, extensive signal averaging appears to be a powerful solution to all types of motion artifacts in the abdomen.
Substantial Doppler broadening of atomic-hydrogen lines in dc and capacitively coupled RF plasmas (2009)

The mechanism of extraordinary broadening of the Balmer lines of hydrogen admixed with noble gases in a dc glow discharge and a capacitively coupled rf discharge is studied over a wide range of pressure and gas compositions to test the field acceleration model (Cvetanovic et al 2005 J. Appl. Phys. 97 033302). High-resolution optical emission spectroscopy is performed parallel to the electrode axis (end-on) and perpendicular to the electrode axis (side-on) along with Langmuir probe measurements of plasma density and electron temperature for the parallel plate rf capacitive discharge case. Sharp pin-shaped tungsten dc electrodes are also used to minimize the backscattering of ions that are theorized by a field acceleration model to be heated in the sheath region. An excessively broad and symmetric (Gaussian) Balmer emission line corresponding to 20–60 eV of hydrogen atom energy is observed in Ar/H2 and He/H2 plasmas when compared with the majority species atom temperatures. Energy is transferred selectively to hydrogen atoms whereas the atoms of admixed He and Ar gases remain cold (<0.5 eV). Since there is neither a preferred ion nor atom in the field acceleration model, one should also observe enhanced temperature hydrogen and helium atoms in He/H2 discharges where the atomic mass is more comparable (4 : 1).
Checkpoint Kinase 1 Regulates Diallyl Trisulfide-induced Mitotic Arrest in Human Prostate Cancer Cells (2005)

We have shown previously that diallyl trisulfide (DATS), a constituent of processed garlic, inhibits proliferation of PC-3 and DU145 human prostate cancer cells by causing G(2)-M phase cell cycle arrest in association with inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 activity and hyperphosphorylation of Cdc25C at Ser(216). Here, we report that DATS-treated PC-3 and DU145 cells are also arrested in mitosis as judged by microscopy following staining with anti-alpha-tubulin antibody and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and flow cytometric analysis of Ser(10) phosphorylation of histone H3. The DATS treatment caused activation of checkpoint kinase 1 and checkpoint kinase 2, which are intermediaries of DNA damage checkpoints and implicated in Ser(216) phosphorylation of Cdc25C. The diallyl trisulfide-induced Ser(216) phosphorylation of Cdc25C as well as mitotic arrest were significantly attenuated by knockdown of check-point kinase 1 protein in both PC-3 and DU145 cells. On the other hand, depletion of checkpoint kinase 2 protein did not have any appreciable effect on G(2) or M phase arrest or Cdc25C phosphorylation caused by diallyl trisulfide. The lack of a role of checkpoint kinase 2 in diallyl trisulfide-induced phosphorylation of Cdc25C or G(2)-M phase cell cycle arrest was confirmed using HCT-15 cells stably transfected with phosphorylation-deficient mutant (T68A mutant) of checkpoint kinase 2. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest existence of a checkpoint kinase 1-dependent mechanism for diallyl trisulfide-induced mitotic arrest in human prostate cancer cells.
Noninvasive scanned probe potentiometry for integrated circuit diagnostics (1994)

This paper describes a simple noncontact scanned probe microscope for the static potential measurement of operating integrated circuits. The instrument extracts the local potential on the integrated circuit by nulling the electrostatic force between a small cantilever probe and the circuit test point. The force is detected by monitoring the mechanical deflection of the probe with an optical fiber interferometer. The constructed instrument has demonstrated a millivolt accuracy with a spatial resolution of less than 3 /spl mu/m. Measurements can be made directly in air on circuits both with and without a top insulating passivation layer. The nulling technique allows absolute potential measurements to be performed without complex calibration requirements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Recognition of the Screen Coding based on mathematical morphology (2012)

In order to improve the recognition rate, mathematical morphology is introduced to the image preprocessing of Screen Coding recognition. By choosing appropriate structuring elements, boundary extraction and filtering are easy to achieve, and then by use of Hough transform, slant correction will be finished successfully. By use of dilation operation, information bit is amplified, thus eliminating the influence of deformation of the sample. Mathematical morphology is introduced to improve the accuracy and efficiency of recognition rate. The decoding results verify that the method is effectiveness and it can be used in the process of recognition algorithm.
Medicare Program; revisions to the Medicare Advantage and Prescription Drug Benefit programs. Interim final rule with comment period. (2008)

This interim final rule with comment period (IFC) revises the regulations governing the Medicare Advantage (MA) program (Part C), prescription drug benefit program (Part D) and section 1876 cost plans. This IFC makes conforming changes to the MA regulations to reflect new statutory requirements regarding special needs plans (SNP), private-fee-for-service plans (PFFS), regional preferred provider organizations (RPPO) plans, Medicare medical savings accounts (MSA) plans, and new statutory provisions governing cost-sharing for dual-eligible enrollees in the MA program prescription drug pricing, coverage, and payment processes in the Part D program. In addition, this IFC sets forth new requirements governing the marketing of Part C and Part D plans which by statute must be in place at a date specified by the Secretary, but no later than November 15, 2008. Both the conforming changes to the regulations to reflect new statutory provisions and the new marketing requirements are based on provisions in the Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act (MIPPA), which became law on July 15, 2008.
<scp>l</scp>-Glutamic Acid and <scp>l</scp>-Lysine as Useful Building Blocks for the Preparation of Bifunctional DTPA-like Ligands (1998)

Bisalkylation of suitably protected L-glutamic acid and L-lysine derivatives with tert-butyl N-(2-bromoethyl)iminodiacetate 2, followed by deprotection of the omega functional group affords N, N-bis[2-[bis[2-(1, 1-dimethylethoxy)-2-oxoethyl]amino]ethyl]-L-glutamic acid 1-(1, 1-dimethylethyl) ester 4 and N2,N2-bis[2-[bis[2-(1, 1-dimethylethoxy)-2-oxoethyl]amino]ethyl]-L-lysine 1,1-dimethylethyl ester 7. Such compounds feature a carboxylic or an amino group, respectively, which are available for conjugation with a suitable partner via formation of an amide bond. The conjugates, which can be prepared in this way, contain a chelating subunit in which all five acetic residues of DTPA are available for the complexation of metal ions. Direct bisalkylation of glycine with 2 promptly gives N, N-bis[2-[bis[2-(1,1-dimethylethoxy)-2-oxoethyl]amino]ethyl]glycine 11. The latter allows to achieve conjugates in which the central acetic group of DTPA is selectively converted into an acetamide.