gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and properties of poly(methylene terephthalates) (1966)

Abstract A systematic study of poly(methylene terephthalates) has been made. Melting points, second‐order transition temperatures, and solubility temperatures are presented for the homologous series of terephthalate polyesters of ethylene glycol through 1,10‐dodecanediol, and for terephthalate copolyesters of: ( 1 ) ethylene glycol/1,3‐propanediol and ( 2 ) ethylene glycol/1,4‐butanediol. Fiber properties of the terephthalate polyesters and the 70/30 ethylene glycol/1,3‐propanediol copolyterephthalate ester are presented. Only the first three members of the poly(methylene terephthalate) series show promise for use in textile fibers.
Non-isocyanate polyurethane/epoxy hybrid materials with different and controlled architectures prepared from a CO<sub>2</sub>-sourced monomer and epoxy via an environmentally-friendly route (2017)

A series of polyurethane/epoxy hybrid materials with different and controlled architectures were prepared by a non-isocyanate route. The properties and architectures of materials were regulated by adjusting the ratio and type of amine.
Single Balloon Enteroscopy-Assisted ERCP Using Rendezvous Technique for Sharp Angulation of Roux-en-Y Limb in a Patient with Bile Duct Stones (2009)

The acute angulation of Roux-en-Y (R-Y) limb precludes endoscopic access for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) even using a balloon enteroscopy. Here, we describe a case of successful single balloon enteroscopy (SBE)-assisted ERCP using a rendezvous technique in a patient with sharply angulated R-Y limb in a 79-year-old woman who had bile duct stones. Method. At first, a guidewire was passed antegradely through the major papilla after the needle puncture using percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage technique. A hydrophilic guidewire with an ERCP catheter was antegradely advanced beyond the Roux limb. After a guidewire was firmly grasped by a snare forceps, it was pulled out of the body, resulting that the enteroscope could advance to the papilla. After papillary dilation, complete removal of bile duct stones was achieved without any procedure-related complication. In conclusion, although further study is needed, SBE-assisted ERCP using a rendezvous technique may have a potential for selected patients.
A208 Power Generation Efficiency of Photovoltaics and a SOFC-PEFC Combined Micro-grid with Time Shift Utilization of the SOFC Exhaust Heat (2010)

The combined system of a solid-oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEFC) is developed. The proposed system consists of a SOFC-PEFC combined system and a photovoltaic system (PV) as the energy supply to a micro-grid. The exhaust heat of the SOFC is used for the steam reforming of the bio-ethanol gas with time shift utilization of the exhaust heat of the SOFC in optional time. The SOFC-PEFC combined system with the PV was introduced in a micro-grid of 30 residences in Sapporo, Japan. Three types of system operation of using the SOFC independent operation, PEFC independent operation and SOFC-PEFC combined system are used to supply the demand side. The power generation efficiency is investigated for different load patterns: average load pattern, compressed load pattern and extended load pattern. The power generation efficiencies of the proposed system in consideration of these load patterns were 27% to 48%.
Surfactant Mediated Electrochemical Deposition of Ag on Au(111) (1999)

Electrochemical surfactant mediated growth of on was investigated experimentally using in situ scanning tunneling microscopy. Almost ideal layer‐by‐layer growth of was obtained using 0.8 of a monolayer of as a surfactant. Atomically flat epitaxial thin films, 200 monolayer in thickness were grown on using this technique. Energy dispersive X‐ray analysis and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry showed no traces of in the layers grown. ©1999 The Electrochemical Society
A Computationally Designed Peptide Derived from <i>Escherichia coli</i> as a Potential Drug Template for Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Therapies (2018)

Computer-aided screening of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is a promising approach for discovering novel therapies against multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. Here, we functionally and structurally characterized an Escherichia coli-derived AMP (EcDBS1R5) previously designed through pattern identification [α-helical set (KK[ILV]<sub>(3)</sub>[AILV])], followed by sequence optimization. EcDBS1R5 inhibited the growth of Gram-negative and Gram-positive, susceptible and resistant bacterial strains at low doses (2-32 μM), with no cytotoxicity observed against non-cancerous and cancerous cell lines in the concentration range analyzed (<100 μM). Furthermore, EcDBS1R5 (16 μM) acted on Pseudomonas aeruginosa pre-formed biofilms by compromising the viability of biofilm-constituting cells. The in vivo antibacterial potential of EcDBS1R5 was confirmed as the peptide reduced bacterial counts by two-logs 2 days post-infection using a skin scarification mouse model. Structurally, circular dichroism analysis revealed that EcDBS1R5 is unstructured in hydrophilic environments, but has strong helicity in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE)/water mixtures (v/v) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles. The TFE-induced nuclear magnetic resonance structure of EcDBS1R5 was determined and showed an amphipathic helical segment with flexible termini. Moreover, we observed that the amide protons for residues Met2-Ala8, Arg10, Ala13-Ala16, and Trp19 in EcDBS1R5 are protected from the solvent, as their temperature coefficients values are more positive than -4.6 ppb·K<sup>-1</sup>. In summary, this study reports a novel dual-antibacterial/antibiofilm α-helical peptide with therapeutic potential in vitro and in vivo against clinically relevant bacterial strains.
UT Austin in the TREC 2012 Crowdsourcing Track's Image Relevance Assessment Task (2012)

Abstract. We describe our submission to the Image Relevance Assessment Task (IRAT) at the 2012 Text REtrieval Conference (TREC) Crowdsourcing Track. Four aspects distinguish our approach: 1) an interface for cohesive, efficient topic-based relevance judging and reporting judgment confidence; 2) a variant of Welin-der and Perona’s method for online crowdsourcing [17] (inferring quality of the judgments and judges during data collection in order to dynamically optimize data collection); 3) a completely unsupervised approach using no labeled data for either training or tuning; and 4) automatic generation of individualized error reports for each crowd worker, supporting transparent assessment and education of workers. Our system was built start-to-finish in two weeks, and we collected approximately 44,000 labels for about $40 US. 1
Measuring Growth Hormone Activity through Receptor and Binding Protein Assays (1991)

In most of the children with short stature, no organic basis can be found, which has led to the suggestion that some cases of growth failure may be due to an immunoreactive but bioinactive growth hormone (GH). In order to compare GH immunoreactivity and bioactivity (measured as receptor binding ability), a radioreceptor assay allowing the measurement of GH levels in human serum was developed using cultured human lymphocytes and 125I-labeled human GH purified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Serum samples were obtained after pharmacological stimulation with either insulin, glucagon or GRF from 19 healthy control subjects and 114 patients with various growth disturbances, aged 2.3-24.8 years. In general, there was a good correlation between the GH levels measured by the two methods, the RRA-GH levels being lower than the RIA-GH levels at all times irrespective of the stimulation test. In all the groups studied, most of the individual RRA/RIA ratios were within normal limits. It is concluded that the presence of an abnormal (bioinactive) GH molecule is extremely rare in patients with short stature.
Einleitung (2010)

Die tertiäre Ausbildung ist ein Fundament der Wissensgesellschaft. Ohne eine qualitativ hochwertige Lehre an deutschen Hochschulen werden Studierende und Hochqualifizierte auf der Suche nach besseren Studien- und Weiterbildungsmöglichkeiten das Land verlassen und Absolventen die vielfältigen an sie gerichteten Anforderungen nicht erfüllen können. Die umfassenden Reformen der vergangenen Jahre, die durch den Bologna-Prozess angestoßen wurden, schließen daher als Ziel auch die Förderung der Attraktivität des europäischen Hochschulraumes durch die Zusammenarbeit bei der Qualitätsentwicklung ein.
The Reactions of Aromatic Nitro Compounds with Sodium Hydrosulfide in Liquid Ammoniat (1972)

液体アンモニア中,ハロベンゼンおよびハロニトロベンゼンとNaSHとの反応では,求核置換反応が容易に起こることがわかったので,芳香族ニトロ化合物とNaSHとの反応に拡張した。9-ニトロアントラセン[1]および1,2-ジニトロベンゼン[2]とNaSHとの反応では,それぞれms-ジアントリルジスルフィドおよび2,2'-ジニトロフェニルジスルフィドがほぼ定量的に得られた。1-ニトロナフタリン[3]とNaSHとの反応では,4,4'-ジニトロジナフチルジスルフィドと4,4なジアミノジナフチルジスルフィドが得られた。2-[4]および4-ニトロトルエン[5]とNaSHを125℃,20時間反応させた結果,メチル基が酸化されると同時にニトロ基が還元された生成物を得た。その他のニトロ化合物とNaSHとの反応では,相当する置換アニリンおよび置換アゾベンゼンを得た。なお,これらの反応機構についても考察した。
White light Sagnac interferometer for snapshot linear polarimetric imaging (2009)

The theoretical and experimental demonstration of a dispersion-compensated polarization Sagnac interferometer (DCPSI) is presented. An application of the system is demonstrated by substituting the uniaxial crystal-based Savart plate (SP) in K. Oka's original snapshot polarimeter implementation with a DCPSI. The DCPSI enables the generation of an achromatic fringe field in white-light, yielding significantly more radiative throughput than the original quasi-monochromatic SP polarimeter. Additionally, this interferometric approach offers an alternative to the crystal SP, enabling the use of standard reflective or transmissive materials. Advantages are anticipated to be greatest in the thermal infrared, where uniaxial crystals are rare and the at-sensor radiance is often low when compared to the visible spectrum. First, the theoretical operating principles of the Savart plate polarimeter and a standard polarization Sagnac interferometer polarimeter are provided. This is followed by the theoretical and experimental development of the DCPSI, created through the use of two blazed diffraction gratings. Outdoor testing of the DCPSI is also performed, demonstrating the ability to detect either the S(2) and S(3), or the S(1) and S(2) Stokes parameters in white-light.
Rheumatic aspects of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (1996)

Infection with HIV-1 continues to provide important insights into autoimmunity and rheumatic diseases. Studies on the mechanisms of B cell hyperreactivity in HIV-infected persons suggest a primary role for B cell complement receptor engagement by circulating immune complexes in the production of autoantibodies. Delineation of the epitopes recognized by antiphospholipid antibodies induced by HIV-1 offers insight into the mechanism of thrombosis associated with antiphospholipid antibodies found in the rheumatic diseases. Several reports have documented the coexistence of rheumatoid arthritis and HIV-1 infection, emphasizing the importance of both T cell-dependent and -independent mechanisms in the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis. The mechanisms of host-virus interactions leading to rheumatic disease continue to be studied in HIV-infected persons with diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome, a disease in which host immunogenetics appear to be the determining factor, and in persons with polymyositis. In both diseases, tissue cell damage appears to be a consequence of the host immune response to viral proteins present within macrophages in the target tissues. Because similar mechanisms appear to be involved in polymyositis associated with HTLV-I (human T cell lymphoma virus type I) infection, studies into a primate model of polymyositis induced by HTLV-I may be particularly informative. The clinical management of HIV-associated arthritides remains difficult, likely reflecting the role of HIV-1 gene products in initiating or amplifying inflammatory joint disease. Two anti-inflammatory drugs frequently used to treat patients with rheumatic diseases, indomethacin and hydroxychloroquine, can directly inhibit HIV-1 replication and may provide a rational therapeutic approach in combination with conventional antiviral agents.
Comparison of Parallel Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization for Real-Time UAV Path Planning (2012)

The development of autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is of high interest to many governmental and military organizations around the world. An essential aspect of UAV autonomy is the ability for automatic path planning. In this paper, we use the genetic algorithm (GA) and the particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) to cope with the complexity of the problem and compute feasible and quasi-optimal trajectories for fixed wing UAVs in a complex 3D environment, while considering the dynamic properties of the vehicle. The characteristics of the optimal path are represented in the form of a multiobjective cost function that we developed. The paths produced are composed of line segments, circular arcs and vertical helices. We reduce the execution time of our solutions by using the “single-program, multiple-data” parallel programming paradigm and we achieve real-time performance on standard commercial off-the-shelf multicore CPUs. After achieving a quasi-linear speedup of 7.3 on 8 cores and an execution time of 10 s for both algorithms, we conclude that by using a parallel implementation on standard multicore CPUs, real-time path planning for UAVs is possible. Moreover, our rigorous comparison of the two algorithms shows, with statistical significance, that the GA produces superior trajectories to the PSO.
Sydenham's Chorea: Physical and Psychological Symptoms of St Vitus Dance (1993)

Eleven children with Sydenham's chorea (8 girls and 3 boys, mean age = 8.4 +/- 2.2 [SD] years) underwent comprehensive physical, neuropsychologic, and psychiatric examination. The chorea was manifested as dysarthria, gait disturbances, and frequent adventitious movements of the face, neck, trunk, and extremities. Antineuronal antibodies were present in 10 of 11 children. All children exhibited concomitant psychologic dysfunction, specifically obsessive-compulsive symptomatology, increased emotional lability, motoric hyperactivity, irritability, distractibility, and age-regressed behavior. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms were observed in 9 (82%) children, 4 of whom met diagnostic criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder. These behavioral symptoms began several days to weeks before the chorea was observed, and they waxed and waned in severity along with the motoric abnormalities. These results suggest that psychologic, particularly obsessive-compulsive, symptoms are accompanying manifestations of Sydenham's chorea which may require medical attention.
<title>Smart MEMS: flip chip integration of MEMS and electronics</title> (1995)

This paper will describe a new approach to the integration of electronics with MEMS, or Smart MEMS. Flip chip solder bumping of integrated circuits is routinely used for packaging purposes and has now been extended to the placement of electronics in close proximity to MEMS devices. The flip chip approach separates the fabrication of the MEMS and electronic devices, allowing both the IC's and MEMS to be fabricated of many different substrate materials, not just single crystal silicon. The close proximity of the electronics to the MEMS devices is very desirable to improve signal to noise performance, and provide higher levels of systems integration. This new approach provides batch fabrication capability as opposed to the serial hybrid approach, without having to fabricate the electronics and MEMS on the same chip. Results on the attachment of surface micromachined structures to glass and silicon substrates will be reported.
Phytic acid removal from soybeans by a lipid protein concentrate process (1978)

Abstract Over 90% of phytic acid has been removed from full‐fat soy flour by a lipid‐protein concentrate process previously reported in 1974 by the Northern Regional Research Center. In the current study, parameters for optimizing phytic acid removal were evaluated. By changing both the molar concentration of the calcium chloride solution used and the pH of the initial acid slurry, various amounts of phytic acid and mineral elements were recovered in the acid‐precipitated curd. A mathematical treatment of the data using multiple regression analusis showed phytic acid removal possible from 10 to 90%, zinc recovery from 10 to 90%, and calcium concentrations equalling twice that of the original starting flour. All variable conditions introduced into the process had no effect on protein (90–93%), fat (98–100%), and iron (94–96%) recoveries. The results presented in this report can be applied to a large number of processes now being used for making edible soy proteins, and thereby low phytin‐containing products can be acheived.
INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES OF SULFATED PROTEOGLYCANS ON CHONDROITIN SULFATE A-MEDIATED CYTOADHERENCE OF PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM ISOLATES FROM THAILAND (2004)

Chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) is an important receptor for Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes in the placenta. To study the molecular interaction between parasitized erythrocytes (PE) to CSA, we performed in vitro cytoadherence inhibition assays of PE infected with wild and laboratory isolates of P. falciparum to CSA using various glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Marked decrease in PE adhesion to immobilized CSA and CSA-expressed cells was achieved with soluble chondroitin sulfate D (CSD) and chondroitin sulfate E (CSE) at low concentrations. The effect was dose dependent with the degree of inhibition exceeded that of soluble CSA in certain clinical isolates. The results suggested the influence of oversulfation of CS variant chains on PE adherence to CSA. Interestingly, PE of the tested wild isolates could adhere to immobilized CSD and CSE at different levels while PE of CSA-selected laboratory lines could not. Partial inhibitory activity was observed when chondroitin sulfate C (CSC), chondroitin sulfate B (CSB), and polyolpolysulfate were used even at high concentrations. Keratan sulfate, colominic acid, and Suramine were unable to inhibit PE adherence. Taken together, the results confirm that the 4-sulfate amino sugar moiety, as well as the basic disaccharide structure of N-acetylgalactosamine linked to glucuronic acid, may influence the degree of this molecular interaction. However, other sulfation patterns that could influence the interaction could not be overlooked, as in the case of CSD which contains 2-O-sulfation at glucuronic acid. Studies using pentosan polysulfate, an oversulfated molecule with a xylan backbone, as an inhibitor also showed a reduction of PE adherence of most isolates tested. Thus, only the sulfate content and pattern of this molecule could affect the adhesive interactions. In addition, difference in capacity of low molecular weight heparins to inhibit CSA-mediated PE cytoadherence of clinical isolates was also observed, thereby providing evidence on the heterogeneity in cytoadherence characteristics of maternal parasite isolates as well as their therapeutic potentials.
A New Iron-Based, Environmentally Friendly Hydrogen Sulfide Scavenger for Drilling Fluids (2004)

Summary A new scavenger has been developed that relies on the affinity between iron and sulfide. The active chemical is a form of ferrous iron complexed with a carbohydrate derivative. It is highly soluble in the brine phases of water-based mud (WBM) and will not precipitate at pH values greater than 12. When the iron is in solution, the reaction with sulfide is instantaneous and complete. This paper deals with the environmental implications of zinc vs. iron and the development of the new scavenger. It presents details of case histories concerning operations on a reservoir containing 25% hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Even in these demanding conditions, there was no H2S at surface.
A survivable avionics system for space applications (2002)

This paper describes an advanced survivable avionics system for future manned or unmanned space missions. The basic element of such an avionics system is a Byzantine fault tolerant computer (FTC), which has already been developed at DASA-RI for operation in the Russian segment of the International Space Station Alpha (ISSA). The paper outlines the essential design elements of the FTC, especially the efficient realisation of the Byzantine protocol within the constraints of technical risk and cost. We describe a quadruplex redundant MIL 1553 bus system with a synchronised packet protocol as communication medium between the FTC and the peripheral sensors and actuators. To illustrate the generic approach applied in the FTC design this paper also describes a fault tolerant Propulsion Drive Electronic (PDE) as a redundant actuator subsystem. The PDE will be equipped with basic communication and control elements re-using the FTC design.
Islands of Music Analysis, Organization, and Visualization of Music Archives (2002)

Islands of Music are a graphical user interface to music collections based on a metaphor of geographic maps. Islands represent musical genres. Mountains and hills on these islands represent sub-genres. The islands are situated in such a way that similar genres are close together and might even be connected by a land passage while perceptually very different genres are separated by deep sea. The pieces of music from the collection are placed on the map according to their genre. To support navigation on the map the mountains and hills are labeled with words which describe rhythmic and other properties of the genres they represent. Islands of Music are intended to support exploration of unknown music collections. They could be utilized by music stores to assist their customers in nding something new to buy. They could also serve as interfaces to digital music libraries, or they could simply be used to organize one&apos;s personal music collection at home. This thesis deals with the challenges involved in the automatic creation of such Islands of Music given only raw music data (e.g. MP3s) without any further information such as which genres the pieces of music belong to. The main challenge is to calculate the perceived similarity of two pieces of music. An approach based on psychoacoustics is presented which focuses on the dynamic properties of music. Using a neural network algorithm, namely the self-organizing map, the music collection is organized and a novel visualization technique is facilitated to create the map of islands. Furthermore, methods to find descriptions for the mountains and hills are demonstrated.
Polymeric wavelength filters with polymer gratings (1998)

Wavelength filters with Bragg gratings are demonstrated based on low-loss polymer waveguides and high-refractive-index polymer gratings. Two kinds of fluorinated polymers, perfluorocyclobutane and fluorinated poly(arylene ethers) are used for the low-loss waveguide operating around the 1.55 μm wavelength. The polymer grating is made of Resole, and it is successfully integrated in the polymer waveguides. In order to fabricate the Bragg gratings on the polymer waveguides, we use a phase mask and a Hg lamp in a mask aligner as the illuminating source instead of the laser. This method provides uniform gratings on a large area as well as the alignment capability. In the fabricated wavelength filters, the reflectivity at the Bragg wavelength is 30 dB, the 3 dB bandwidth is as narrow as 0.6 nm, and the insertion loss is 3.7 dB.