gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A review of nondestructive examination technology for polyethylene pipe in nuclear power plant (2018)

Polyethylene (PE) pipe, particularly high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe, has been successfully utilized to transport cooling water for both non-safety- and safety-related applications in nuclear power plant (NPP). Though ASME Code Case N755, which is the first code case related to NPP HDPE pipe, requires a thorough nondestructive examination (NDE) of HDPE joints. However, no executable regulations presently exist because of the lack of a feasible NDE technique for HDPE pipe in NPP. This work presents a review of current developments in NDE technology for both HDPE pipe in NPP with a diameter of less than 400 mm and that of a larger size. For the former category, phased array ultrasonic technique is proven effective for inspecting typical defects in HDPE pipe, and is thus used in Chinese national standards GB/T 29460 and GB/T 29461. A defect-recognition technique is developed based on pattern recognition, and a safety assessment principle is summarized from the database of destructive testing. On the other hand, recent research and practical studies reveal that in current ultrasonic-inspection technology, the absence of effective ultrasonic inspection for large size was lack of consideration of the viscoelasticity effect of PE on acoustic wave propagation in current ultrasonic inspection technology. Furthermore, main technical problems were analyzed in the paper to achieve an effective ultrasonic test method in accordance to the safety and efficiency requirements of related regulations and standards. Finally, the development trend and challenges of NDE test technology for HDPE in NPP are discussed.
Liquid-chromatographic measurement of endogenous and exogenous glucocorticoids in plasma. (1979)

The therapeutic response to and side effects of glucocorticoids will be better recognized and the recovery of the adrenals during the tapering of therapy with steroids better evaluated if endogenous and exogenous glucocorticoids are separately assessed. We describe a specific method for simultaneously measuring the concentrations of cortisone, cortisol, prednisone, and prednisolone in plasma by "high-pressure" liquid chromatography. The steroids, together with an internal standard, dexamethasone, are extracted from 1 mL of plasma with methylene chloride-ether, washed with acid and base, and separated isocratically on a normal-phase silica column with a mobile phase consisting of methylene chloride/tetrahydrofuran/methanol/glacial acetic acid (96.85/1/2.1/0.05 by vol) at a flow rate of 1.3 mL/min. The steroids are detected at 254 nm and quantitated by peak-height measurements; their retention times range from 6 to 20 min. The lower limits for routine detection of all four compounds is 10 microgram/L. The analytical recoveries are about 75%; the intra-day variability (CV) is 1 to 9%, and the inter-day variability 2 to 11%. Of 26 drugs and 20 steroids tested, only theophylline presents an interference problem.
Neurobiology of Feeding and Energy Expenditure (2007)

Significant advancements have been made in the past century regarding the neuronal control of feeding behavior and energy expenditure. The effects and mechanisms of action of various peripheral metabolic signals on the brain have become clearer. Molecular and genetic tools for visualizing and manipulating individual components of brain homeostatic systems in combination with neuroanatomical, electrophysiological, behavioral, and pharmacological techniques have begun to elucidate the molecular and neuronal mechanisms of complex feeding behavior and energy expenditure. This review highlights some of these advancements that have led to the current understanding of the brain's involvement in the acute and chronic regulation of energy homeostasis.
The use of handheld spectral domain optical coherence tomography in pediatric ophthalmology practice: Our experience of 975 infants and children (2015)

The handheld SD-OCT is useful in the evaluation of the pediatric retinal diseases. The test is useful in the assessment of vision development in premature children, evaluation of unexplained vision loss and amblyopia, nystagmus and night blindness, and intraocular tumors (including retinoblastoma).
Mobile Therapy: Case Study Evaluations of a Cell Phone Application for Emotional Self-Awareness (2010)

Participants quickly grasped the Mood Mapping and therapeutic concepts, and applied them creatively in order to help themselves and empathize with others. Applications developed for mobile phones hold promise for delivering state-of-the-art psychotherapies in a nonstigmatizing fashion to many people who otherwise would not have access to therapy.
Implications of CPU Caching on Byte-addressable Non-Volatile Memory Programming (2012)

Byte-addressable non-volatile memory may usher in a new era of computing where in-memory data structures are persistent and can be reused directly across machine restarts. However, sudden failures complicate matters because a program state may partially reside in volatile buffers and caches as opposed to primary non-volatile memory. We study the implications of different CPU caching modes and show that a particular choice affects both programmability and performance of a program.
Don D. Jackson—A Re-Introduction (2000)

Don D. Jackson is among the most important of the early contributors to family and brief theory and clinical practice. This brief note reacquaints the reader with the relevance of Jackson's work in the current practice environment and provides a context for a teaching seminar on brief psychotherapy conducted by Jackson in 1963, a transcript of which follows.
Fabrication and Catalytic Performance of SiO<sub>2</sub>-ZnO Composite Photocatalyst (2013)

SiO2-ZnO composite photocatalysts with different ZnO content (wt%) were synthesized by sol-gel method. The specific surface area, structure, the adsorption ability of light, the relative hydroxyl content and the photo-induced charge separation rate of the photocatalysts prepared were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and surface photovoltage. The photocatalytic performance of SiO2-ZnO for decolorization of methyl orange aqueous solution was investigated; the results demonstrate that SiO2-ZnO composite photocatalyst with 40%ZnO possesses the best photocatalytic activity and the possible reason was suggested.
SNRIs in the management of acute major depressive disorder. (2004)

Remission of a patient's index major depressive episode is essential in preventing a recurrent or chronic depressive course. Once remission is established, the subsequent goal is to maintain remission and prevent a relapse of the episode with a minimum of 4 to 9 months of continuation treatment. Common belief suggests that all antidepressants have equivalent efficacy when measured by remission, but this may be a misconception based on limitations in current clinical trial methods. Furthermore, major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex illness with a variety of co-occurring somatic and often painful symptoms. In addition, increasing evidence suggests that, in some depressed patients, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) may provide benefits of treating a broader range of target symptoms than single-acting agents, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Given the available evidence and the importance of remission, the pendulum has swung to consider using agents with dual reuptake inhibition (e.g., SNRIs) as standard and initial treatment for depression.
Ablation of liver cancer cells <i>in vitro</i> by a plasma needle (2008)

A plasma needle using a dielectric barrier discharge reactor at atmospheric pressure with a funnel-shaped nozzle was developed. The preliminary characteristics of the plume and applications to the ablation of cultured human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) BEL-7402 cell line were presented. The effect of oxygen, which was injected into argon plasma afterglow region through a steel tube, was studied. The efficiency of argon-oxygen plasma depends sensitively on the oxygen concentration in argon plasma. Large differences between spectra in atmosphere and those in Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium are found. It is found that ultraviolet rays, O, OH, and Ar radicals can reach the bottom of solution and act on HCC cells and there is an optimum input power to get the most radicals.
The Threshold of Sleep: Perception of Sleep as a Function of Time Asleep and Auditory Threshold (1982)

A number of studies have found that many subjects have reported being awake when awakened during various periods of electroencephalographically (EEG)-defined sleep. These observations have led to an examination of the perception of sleep after periods when EEG-defined sleep was experimentally varied between 1 and 140 min. Twelve normal young adult subjects slept in the laboratory for 5 consecutive nights. Each subject was briefly awakened five times on each night, and subjective state, auditory arousal threshold, and sleep/wake time estimation data were collected. The threshold of sleep onset (i.e., the point at which a report of sleep was given 50% of the time) occurred 2-4 min after the first sleep spindle. In contrast, auditory thresholds rose rapidly within 1 min of the first sleep spindle. The threshold data corroborate the appearance of a sleep spindle as an objective measure of sleep onset. However, subjective sleep onset appears to be a relatively lengthy period during which perception of state is blurred and uncertain.
Fungal lipopeptide mating pheromones: a model system for the study of protein prenylation. (1995)

In a variety of fungal species, mating between haploid cells is initiated by the action of peptide pheromones. The identification and characterization of several fungal pheromones has revealed that they have common structural features classifying them as lipopeptides. In the course of biosynthesis, these pheromones undergo a series of posttranslational processing events prior to export. One common modification is the attachment of an isoprenoid group to the C terminus of the pheromone precursor. Genetic and biochemical investigations of this biosynthetic pathway have led to the elucidation of genes and enzymes which are responsible for isoprenylation of other polypeptides including the nuclear lamins, several vesicular transport proteins, and the oncogene product Ras. The alpha-factor of Saccharomyces cerevisiae serves as a model for studying the biosynthesis, export, and bioactivity of lipopeptide pheromones. In addition to being isoprenylated with a farnesyl group, the alpha-factor is secreted by a novel peptide export pathway utilizing a yeast homolog of the mammalian multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein. The identification of putative lipopeptide-encoding loci within other fungi, including the human immunodeficiency virus-associated opportunistic pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans and the plant pathogen Ustilago maydis, has stimulated much interest in understanding possible roles for pheromones in fungal proliferation and pathogenicity. Knowledge of variations within the processing, export, and receptor-mediated signal transduction pathways associated with different fungal lipopeptide pheromones will continue to provide insights into similar mechanisms which exist in higher eukaryotes.
Performance analysis of the timed token protocol of FDDI and FDDI-II (1991)

The performance behavior of an FDDI (fiber distributed data interface) system with synchronous traffic as well as an extended FDDI (FDDI-II) system with isochronous and asynchronous traffic is evaluated. Multiple asynchronous priorities are considered, one priority level at each station. an iterative algorithm to calculate the first two moments of the cycle (i.e. token rotation) time is presented, and the major system characteristics are derived from the analysis in terms of queue-length distributions and mean waiting times of the packets. Since the model considers queues with limited buffer size, loss probabilities of data packets can also be calculated. Some results obtained by the approximate analysis are discussed using example configuration, and the accuracy is validated by detailed computer simulations. The complexity and convergence behavior of the algorithm is studied, and it is shown that the algorithm converges very quickly.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
TEXTURING OF POLYCRYSTALLINE SlLlCOhl (1994)

A simple texturing procedure suitable for polycrystalline solar cells is described that matches the performance of anisotropic etching on single crystal wafers. Single crystal wafers are typically etched with anisotropic etches relying on knowledge of crystal orientation not possible with the random grain orientation in polycrystalline silicon. Solar cells are encapsulated before field deployment and with suitable surface texturing, total internal reflection from the air/glass interface is used to minimize reflection losses. A wet chemical isotropic etch is used to produce surface texturing, with moderate to large inclination relative to the original wafer surface. Reflection measurements from encapsulated samples show reflection losses after the isotropic etch are comparable with those from inverted pyramids or microgrooves. The isotropic etch has superior light trapping properties, important in thin cells produced by epitaxy and other techniques.
Low noise amplifier with center frequency hopping for an MB-OFDM UWB receiver (2004)

We describe a real-time center frequency hopping scheme in which the resonant frequency of an LC load is changed by switching binary weighted capacitors and where switching noise is canceled with compensation transistors and CML buffers. Simulation results employing 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS technology have verified that the center frequency is changed within 3 ns. A peak power gain of 17 dB and noise figure of 3.3 dB were simulated. This scheme is applicable to sub-100-nm reconfigurable radios.
Distillation configurations and their energy requirements (2006)

Abstract A method for systematic generation of all possible configurations of distillation columns for multicomponent separation is described. Classic configurations with sharp splits and all the possible (partially and fully) thermally coupled systems are generated by listing all the splits between components and applying various interconnecting streams and column stacking. Separation systems with multiple streams producing the same product (with the same or different purity) are also being generated. Additionally, a method for systematic evaluation of minimum vapor flows in all the configurations has been developed. The method can be used in evaluating various possibilities to select the optimum configuration for a new design or to improve an existing plant. Energy requirements of various column configurations for separation of four components have been evaluated and compared. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Dynamic Under Balanced Perforating Eliminates Near Wellbore Acid Stimulation in Low-Pressure Weber Formation (2004)

Abstract Completions in the Weber formation have historically been perforated over balanced and then acid stimulated. Flow rates before acidizing were virtually 0 Mcf/D. Acid was an important step in the completion process. The Weber gas reservoir has low permeability (0.5 - 1.5 mD) and is now low pressure (2800 to 2300 psi at 14,000 ft). Typical flowing rates for these wells range from 1 to 5 MMcf/D. A new perforating technique utilizing the dynamic under balanced method was implemented in two wells, Brady 38W and Brady 56W. The wells were perforated with tubing-conveyed guns with initial over balances of 3250 and 3750 psi. The dynamic under balanced method creates an instantaneous under balance even though the annular space between the gun and the casing is initially over balanced. This perforating method also leaves significantly less perforation "skin." The proof is in the success of the two wells, which have rates equal to or in excess of the existing wells and yet required no acid stimulation. From historical comparisons of 18 prior completions, these wells should have had nearly zero flow without acid when perforating using an initial over balance of up to 3750 psi in the annulus. This paper discusses the new dynamic under balanced perforating design and its application to low-permeability, under-pressured reservoirs.
Maximal rectification ratios for idealized bi-segment thermal rectifiers (2015)

Thermal rectifiers whose forward heat fluxes are greater than reverse counterparts have been extensively studied. Here we have discovered, idealized, and derived the ultimate limit of such rectification ratios, which are partially validated by numerical simulations, experiments, and micro-scale Hamiltonian-oscillator analyses. For rectifiers whose thermal conductivities (κ) are linear with the temperature, this limit is simply a numerical value of 3. For those whose conductivities are nonlinear with temperatures, the maxima equal κmax/κmin, where two extremes denote values of the solid segment materials that can be possibly found or fabricated within a reasonable temperature range. Recommendations for manufacturing high-ratio rectifiers are also given with examples. Under idealized assumptions, these proposed rectification limits cannot be defied by any bi-segment thermal rectifiers.
Antiangiogenic Activity of rPAI-1 <sub>23</sub> Promotes Vasa Vasorum Regression in Hypercholesterolemic Mice Through a Plasmin-Dependent Mechanism (2011)

We conclude that rPAI-1(23) causes regression or collapse of adventitial vasa vasorum in hypercholesterolemic mice by stimulating an increase in plasmin activity. The rPAI-1(23)-enhanced plasmin activity was achieved through a novel mechanism by which rPAI-1(23) and PAI-1 bound plasminogen in a cooperative manner to increase plasmin activity and reduce PAI-1 activity.
Confirmation and Elimination of Xylose Metabolism Bottlenecks in Glucose Phosphoenolpyruvate-Dependent Phosphotransferase System-Deficient Clostridium acetobutylicum for Simultaneous Utilization of Glucose, Xylose, and Arabinose (2011)

ABSTRACT Efficient cofermentation of d -glucose, d -xylose, and l -arabinose, three major sugars present in lignocellulose, is a fundamental requirement for cost-effective utilization of lignocellulosic biomass. The Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium Clostridium acetobutylicum , known for its excellent capability of producing ABE (acetone, butanol, and ethanol) solvent, is limited in using lignocellulose because of inefficient pentose consumption when fermenting sugar mixtures. To overcome this substrate utilization defect, a predicted glcG gene, encoding enzyme II of the d -glucose phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS), was first disrupted in the ABE-producing model strain Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824, resulting in greatly improved d -xylose and l -arabinose consumption in the presence of d -glucose. Interestingly, despite the loss of GlcG, the resulting mutant strain 824glcG fermented d -glucose as efficiently as did the parent strain. This could be attributed to residual glucose PTS activity, although an increased activity of glucose kinase suggested that non-PTS glucose uptake might also be elevated as a result of glcG disruption. Furthermore, the inherent rate-limiting steps of the d -xylose metabolic pathway were observed prior to the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) in strain ATCC 824 and then overcome by co-overexpression of the d -xylose proton-symporter (cac1345), d -xylose isomerase (cac2610), and xylulokinase (cac2612). As a result, an engineered strain (824glcG-TBA), obtained by integrating glcG disruption and genetic overexpression of the xylose pathway, was able to efficiently coferment mixtures of d -glucose, d -xylose, and l -arabinose, reaching a 24% higher ABE solvent titer (16.06 g/liter) and a 5% higher yield (0.28 g/g) compared to those of the wild-type strain. This strain will be a promising platform host toward commercial exploitation of lignocellulose to produce solvents and biofuels.
Fides Quaerens Intellectum: Reflections towards an Explorative Theology1 (2006)

Abstract: The postmodern critique has rendered traditional justifications of the practice of research incredible. Further, the status of theological research, in which ‘the discovery of new facts’ or the like is at best ambiguous as an aim, must be under question. This article argues that the aim of theological research is to discover what life lived as if theological claims were true might look like.
The extracellular PI-type proteinase of Lactococcus lactis hydrolyzes beta-casein into more than one hundred different oligopeptides (1995)

The peptides released from beta-casein by the action of PI-type proteinase (PrtP) from Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris Wg2 have been identified by on-line coupling of liquid chromatography to mass spectrometry. After 24 h of incubation of beta-casein with purified PrtP, a stable mixture of peptides was obtained. The trifluoroacetic acid-soluble peptides of this beta-casein hydrolysate were fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography and introduced into the liquid chromatography-ion spray mass spectrometry interface. Multiply charged ions were generated from trifluoroacetic acid-soluble peptides under low nozzle voltage conditions, yielding the MH+ mass of each eluted peptide. All peptides corresponding to each of the MH+ calculated masses were determined. In those cases in which different peptides were possible, further identification was achieved by collision-induced dissociation under higher nozzle voltage conditions. Hydrolysis of beta-casein by PrtP was observed to proceed much further than reported previously. More than 40% of the peptide bonds are cleaved by PrtP, resulting in the formation of more than 100 different oligopeptides. With the exception of Phe, significant release of amino acids or di- and tripeptides could not be observed. Interestingly, one-fifth of the identified oligopeptides are small enough to be taken up by the oligopeptide transport system. Uptake of these peptides could supply L. lactis with all amino acids, including the essential ones, indicating that growth of L. lactis might be possible on peptides released from beta-casein by proteinase only.
Association of the Slow Feathering (K) and an Endogenous Viral (ev 21) Gene on the Z Chromosome of Chickens (1988)

A dominant sex-linked gene, K, regulates slow feathering (SF), whereas a recessive allele, k+, determines rapid feathering (RF) in chickens. This trait provides a convenient and inexpensive approach to gender identification of White Leghorn (WL) chicks at hatch, i.e., in a sex-linked mating using k+/k+ males mated with K/- females, the K/k+ male chicks are SF, and the k+/- females are RF. However, in many WL strains, female progeny of SF dams produce fewer eggs and have higher mortality than progeny of RF dams. This loss in productivity has been attributed to higher infection and shedding rates for leukosis viruses (ALV) in SF than in RF dam lines. Because infectious endogenous viruses (EV) can induce immunological tolerance to ALV, we examined the expression and distribution of ev genes in SF and RF siblings from heterozygous K/k+ sires and k+/- dams. Infectious ALV and EV were detected by cocultivation of frozen heparinized blood cells on selected chick embryo fibroblasts and culture supernatants were tested for viral antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests. Specific ev genes were identified as restriction fragment length polymorphisms after hybridization with a recombinant plasmid containing the complete genome of a Rous-associated virus. It was concluded that ev21 and K genes are tightly linked because, in different WL crosses, all SF chicks inherited ev21 but RF siblings uniformly lacked ev21. Alternatively, the K gene in WL may be a mutation resulting from the insertion of ev21 in the k+ gene. The SF chicks which harbor ev21 expressed infectious EV21; evidence that EV21 may influence susceptibility to ALV is presented.