gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heat Transfer Mechanisms During Flow Boiling in Microchannels (2003)

The forces due to surface tension, inertia, and momentum change during evaporation in microchannel govern the two-phase flow patterns and the heat transfer characteristics during flow boiling. These forces are analyzed in this paper, and two new non-dimensional groups, K1 and K2, relevant to flow boiling phenomenon are derived. These groups are able to represent some of the key flow boiling characteristics, including the CHF. The small hydraulic dimensions of microchannel flow passages present a large frictional pressure drop in single-phase and two-phase flows. In order to keep the pressure drop within limits, the channel lengths are generally shorter and the mass fluxes are generally lower than those with conventional channels (Dh>3 mm). The resulting lower mass fluxes, coupled with small Dh, lead to Reynolds numbers in the range 100–1000. Such low Reynolds numbers are rarely employed for flow boiling in conventional channels. In these low Reynolds number flows, nucleate boiling systematically emerges as the dominant mode of heat transfer. Aided by strong evaporation rates, the bubbles nucleating on the wall grow quickly and fill the entire channel. The contact line between the bubble base and the channel wall surface now becomes the entire perimeter at both ends of the vapor slug. Evaporation occurs at the moving contact line of the expanding vapor slug as well as over the channel wall covered with a thin liquid film surrounding the vapor core. The usual nucleate boiling heat transfer mechanisms, including liquid film evaporation and transient heat conduction in the liquid adjacent to the contact line region, play an important role. The liquid film under the large vapor slug evaporates completely at downstream locations thus presenting a dryout condition periodically with the passage of each large vapor slug. The flow boiling correlation by Kandlikar [1, 2] with (i) the nucleate boiling dominant region equation, and (ii) the laminar flow equation for single-phase all-liquid flow heat transfer coefficient hLO was successful in correlating the available R-134a data for parallel microchannels of 190 μm hydraulic diameter.
Query expansion using phonetic confusions for Chinese spoken document retrieval (2000)

This paper presents a method of query expansion based on phonetic confusions for retrieving spoken documents using text queries. This method is applied to a Chinese spoken document retrieval task. A series of experiments have been carried out for Cantonese broadcast news documents using a multi-scale syllable-based retrieval approach. Our results show an improvement from AIR (average inverse rank) of 0.481 to 0.491 when we apply query expansion based on phonetic confusions to our retrieval task.
In vitro replication of HIV-1 in naturally infected CD4+ T cells is inhibited by rIFN alpha 2 and by a soluble factor secreted by activated CD8+ T cells, but not by rIFN beta, rIFN gamma, or recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha. (1991)

The effect of lymphokines on the replication of HIV-1 has previously been investigated using HIV-1-infected cell lines or PBMCs infected in vitro with HIV-1. We have examined the effect of rIFN alpha 2, rFIN beta, and rIFN gamma and recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rTNF alpha) on the replication of HIV-1 in vitro in naturally HIV-1-infected CD4+ T cells from asymptomatic HIV-1-seropositive individuals. rIFN alpha 2 inhibited the replication of HIV-1 effectively at concentrations that can be achieved in vivo. The inhibitory activity was most efficacious when rIFN alpha 2 was added as the CD4+ T cells were being activated, and less but still considerable when rIFN alpha 2 was added 4-96 h after CD4+ T-cell activation. rIFN alpha 2 exerted a suppressive effect on the proliferation of the CD4+ T cells, but this effect was small at concentrations that caused 90% inhibition of the replication of HIV-1. rIFN beta, rIFN gamma, and rTNF alpha had no effect on the replication of HIV-1, but rIFN beta and rTNF alpha had a costimulatory effect on CD4+ T-cell proliferation. Activated CD8+ T cells secrete a HIV-1-inhibitory soluble factor. Blocking experiments using an IFN alpha 2-neutralizing MAb showed that this HIV-1-inhibitory factor is not IFN alpha 2.
Design of Built-In Tests for Active Fault Detection and Isolation of Discrete Faults (2018)

A method is proposed to improve system reliability in terms of self-detection and isolation of discrete faults. The application of this method on the design of built-in tests for maintenance is presented using the case of aircraft environmental control system maintenance testing. Built-in testing during aircraft on-ground maintenance allows for wider system input variability due to the absence of operational constraints and requirements. This provides an opportunity to optimally design tests that improve the fault detection and isolation capabilities for operators and maintenance crews. A general mathematical framework for built-in test design is shown using a model-based active fault detection and isolation technique. The motivation for this paper is first illustrated through a case study showing the inability to detect and isolate faults at different conditions, demonstrating how system states contribute to these issues. The success of the proposed framework is demonstrated by designing built-in tests that are capable of fully detecting and isolating a multiplicity of faults common to aircraft environmental control systems. We conclude by presenting the value of the proposed method of detecting and isolating faults, as a solution to a constrained optimization problem with the admissible system inputs as manipulated variables.
Control engineering for color printing (2002)

This paper is a compilation of ideas and forethought from coworkers with emphasis in applying modern controls for economic benefits. The color printing market is considered as an example. It is new arena of applications for modern controls tools purely for a global market place, unlike for military aircraft and space systems.
Three Home Economists at Work (1940)

Beth Bailey McLean, M.S. '33, home economist for Swift and Company, known as "Martha Logan," relates the new story on lard production
Structure of the 100 K Superconductor Ba <sub>2</sub> YCu <sub>3</sub> O <sub>7</sub> between (5 ÷ 300) K by Neutron Powder Diffraction (1987)

International audience
The stages of event extraction (2006)

Event detection and recognition is a complex task consisting of multiple sub-tasks of varying difficulty. In this paper, we present a simple, modular approach to event extraction that allows us to experiment with a variety of machine learning methods for these sub-tasks, as well as to evaluate the impact on performance these sub-tasks have on the overall task.
A steady state analysis of diffracting trees (extended abstract) (1996)

Article Free Access Share on A steady state analysis of diffracting trees (extended abstract) Authors: Nir Shavit Tel-Aviv University and MIT Tel-Aviv University and MITView Profile , Eli Upfal The Weizmann Institute, Israel, and IBM Almaden Research Center, California The Weizmann Institute, Israel, and IBM Almaden Research Center, CaliforniaView Profile , Asaph Zemach Tel-Aviv University Tel-Aviv UniversityView Profile Authors Info & Claims SPAA '96: Proceedings of the eighth annual ACM symposium on Parallel Algorithms and ArchitecturesJune 1996 Pages 33–41https://doi.org/10.1145/237502.237505Online:24 June 1996Publication History 7citation147DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations7Total Downloads147Last 12 Months1Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Electrical and Optical Properties of Fullerenol Langmuir−Blodgett Films Deposited on Polyaniline Substrates (2003)

The synthesis of fullerenol with various degrees of hydroxylation and the use of a low hydroxylated product to form stable Langmuir films are reported in this work, along with the optical and electrical properties of Langmuir−Blodgett (LB) films obtained on glass and polyaniline (PANI) substrates. The data suggest that an average of 9−12 hydroxyl groups are bound preferentially on one side of the C60 cage and this allows the formation of stable two-layer films at the air/water interface. The large anisotropy of the hydroxylated molecule provides organized LB films of the type substrate−(D−C60−D−C60−)n, with D representing the hydroxyl groups. The electrical conductivity of LB films deposited on glass is equivalent to that reported for highly conductive polymeric C60 but several orders of magnitude higher than that for disordered fullerenol pellets. UV−vis absorptions provide evidence that fullerenol layers cause the deprotonation of PANI, rendering a polymer with low conductivity. The loss of conductivity disagrees with the behavior expected for a donor (PANI)/acceptor (fullerenol) interface, even though current−voltage (I−V) curves of fullerenolLB/PANI junctions indicate some degree of electrical rectification. Additionally, transients observed at large bias on the I−V curves agree with the reported proton conductivity of fullerenol.
MUTATORS IN <i>SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE</i>: <i>MUT1–1, MUT1–2</i> AND <i>MUT2–1</i> (1976)

The purpose of this study was to characterize two mutator stocks of yeast which were induced and selected on the basis of high spontaneous reversion rates of the suppressible "ochre" nonsense allele lys1-1. In the mutator stock VA-3, a single mutation, designated mut1-1, is responsible for the increase in the reversion rate of the ochre alleles lys1-1 and arg4-17. In stock VA-105, there are two separate mutator mutations. Tetrad analysis data showed these two loci are loosely linked. Based on complementation data, one of these mutations is at the same locus as mut1-1 and designated mut1-2. The second mutator of stock VA-105 was designated mut2-1. All three mutators are recessive. Both mut1-1 and mut1-2 give a high mutation rate for ochre nonsense suppressor (SUP) loci, but not for the ochre nonsense alleles. On the contrary, the mutation rates of the ochre alleles are greatly reduced. With the mutant mut2-1 there were mutations at both the lys1-1 site and its suppressors; mut2-1 is as effective as mut1-2 but not as effective as mut1-1 in inducing reversions of a missense mutant, his1-7. Neither mut1-1, mut1-2 nor mut2-1 were effective in inducing reversions of a putative frameshift mutation, hom3-10, or in inducing forward mutations to canavanine resistance.
Community Participation Following Cerebrovascular Accident: Impact of the Buffering Model of Social Support (2006)

This study examined data of older adults who had sustained a stroke and their ability to participate in the community following rehabilitation. There were 95 participants in this study to determine the interaction effect of functional limitation and social support on community participation. The findings indicate that for people who had sustained a cerebrovascular accident, community participation was more related to their ability to do for themselves, rather than the support that was available to them. The implications of these findings for future practice, programs, and research are discussed.
Presence of EpCAM‐positive circulating tumor cells as biomarker for systemic disease strongly correlates to survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (2013)

Current imaging technologies do not sufficiently detect micrometastasis and therefore do not allow adequate stratification of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for curative or systemic therapy. In HCC, presence of stem cell-like, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)-positive cells correlates with tumor aggressiveness and formation of metastasis. Therefore, we investigated the prognostic relevance of EpCAM-positive circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patients with HCC. Blood from 78 patients (19 patients in the control cohort and 59 patients with HCC) was tested for CTCs with the CellSearch™ system. Correlation analysis to overall survival (OS), the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system, macroscopic and microscopic vascular invasion and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were performed. We detected ≥1 CTC in 18/59 HCC patients and in 1/19 patients with cirrhosis or benign hepatic tumor (p = 0.026). OS was significantly shorter (460 vs. 746 days) in the CTC-positive cohort (p = 0.017). Comparing BCLC stages, significant differences in CTC detection rates were also observed: BCLC stages A 1/9, B 6/31 and C 11/19 (p = 0.006). Ten of 18 patients with macroscopic and 10/16 patients with microscopic vascular invasion exhibited positive findings in CTC testing (p = 0.004 and p = 0.006). Furthermore, CTC results correlated to AFP (cutoff > 400 ng/mL) levels (p = 0.050). Our study demonstrates frequent presence of EpCAM-positive CTC in patients with intermediate or advanced HCC and its prognostic value for OS with possible implications for future treatment stratification.
Dual-band circularly polarized microstrip antenna for GPS application (2008)

In this paper, the small dual-band circularly polarized square MSAs for GPS application is proposed and the operational principles and the characteristics of the antenna are clarified by the simulator. The antenna consists of a square patch with slits and four T-shaped elements. The T-shaped element is loaded at each slit of the square patch.
Effect of Oxygen Incorporation into Cyclohexanone Ring on Antifeedant Activity (2011)

Effect of Oxygen Incorporation into Cyclohexanone Ring on Antifeedant Activity The behaviour of the peach potato aphid Myzus persicae (Sulz.) was studied during settling on plants. The experiment involved observing peach potato aphid activity after the application of some natural and synthetic cyclohexanones and the, respective ε-lactones and epoxy-ε-lactones which were obtained from the cyclohexanones. Stereochemistry, and the number and position of methyl substituents were important for the biological activity of the starting compounds: only trimethyl-substituted cyclohexanones were active, i.e. 3.3.5-trimethylcyclohexanone (deterrent) and 2.2.6-trimethylcyclohexanone (attractant). The effect of oxygen incorporation into the cyclohexanone ring on deterrent activity varied depending on the starting compound. The ε-lactones that derived from saturated cyclohexanones were either weak attractants or were inactive, except the deterrent ε-lactone with three methyl groups at positions 3.7.7. None of the products of unsaturated ketone isophorone (weak deterrent) oxidation, i.e. epoxy isophorone, epoxy lactone, or unsaturated lactone, affected aphid settling. Of the two epoxy ketones obtained from (+)-dihydrocarvone that was inactive, only (2S, 5S)-2-methyl-5-((S)-1-methyloxiranyl)-cyclohexanone was a strong deterrent. Both epoxy-ε-lactones that derived from (+)-dihydrocarvone were strong deterrents.
Studies on Palauan Medicinal Herbs. II. Activation of Mouse Macrophages RAW 264.7 by Ongael, Leaves of Phaleria cumingii (MEISN.) F. VILL. and Its Acylglucosylsterols (2005)

The extract of Ongael [leaves of Phaleria cumingii (MEISN.) F. VILL.], a Palauan medicinal herb, enhanced an in vitro phagocytic activity of mouse macrophages RAW 264.7 cells (RAW 264.7). Activity-guided fractionation of the Ongael extract by the in vitro phagocytosis assay using RAW 264.7 led to the isolation of a mixture of acylglucosylsterols (1) as an active constituent along with other inactive constituents, tetracosanol and mangiferin. On the basis of chemical modifications and spectral analyses, the compound 1 was deduced to be a mixture of the known 3-O-(6-O-acyl-beta-D-glucosyl)-beta-sitosterols, the acyl moiety being mainly palmitoyl (57%), oleoyl (12%) and alpha-linolenoyl (12%) with small amount of stearoyl (7%) and linoleoyl (4%).
Constituents of the essential oil ofTanacetum (syn.Chrysanthemum) fruticulosum Ledeb. from Iran (1999)

The essential oil of Tanacetum (syn. Chrysanthemum) fruticulosum Ledeb. from Iran was investigated by GC, GC–MS and NMR spectroscopy. The oil is characterized by photo-oxidation products of lavandulol and nerolidol. Ninety-seven components, representing 93% of the oil, could be identified. The oil contains mainly monoterpenes [1,8-cineole (8), camphor (12), lavandulol (13), lavandulyl acetate (25)]. The new 5-isopropenyl-2,2-dimethyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl-methyl acetates (30, 31) are trace constituents. Some new farnesyl derivatives [3,6;6,9-bisepoxyfarnesa-1,7(14),10-trienes (43, 44, 48, 49), 7,10-epoxyfarnesa-1,5,11-trien-3-ols (63, 64), 6,9-epoxyfarnesa-1,7(14)10-trien-3-ols (80–83)] were identified by their NMR spectra. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wafer-scale replication and testing of micro-optical components for VCSELs (2004)

VCSELs (Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers) emit circularly symmetric beams vertical to the substrate; the small footprint of the active area (around 400 um<sup>2</sup>) enables the simultaneous fabrication of several thousand devices on a single wafer. Micro-optical components can modify the free-space optical properties of VCSELs for applications such as fiber-coupling in transceiver modules, illumination purposes, or beam profiling in sensing applications. However, the alignment of a laser towards a lens, for example, is expensive when performed separately for each device. Here we demonstrate a wafer-scale replication process to realise microlenses directly on top of the undiced VCSEL wafers. The process combines uv-casting and lithography to achieve material-free bonding pads and dicing lines. Several examples of lenses and gratings are given. An organically modified sol-gel material (ORMOCER) has been used as lens material. The micro-optical components on the wafer show good stability while sawing and bonding, where temperatures up to 220°C may occur. We have compared refractive lenses on top of the VCSELs with lenses on glass substrates. The lenses on the glass wafers were illuminated from the back-side by a planar wave. Spot diameters around 1.2 um and focal lengths of 30 um to 100 um were measured depending on the radii of curvature. On the VCSELs the lenses showed a strong influence on the transversal mode behaviour.
Evaluation of Crop Type Classification with Different High Resolution Satellite Data Sources (2021)

Crop type classification with satellite imageries is widely applied in support of crop production management and food security strategy. The abundant supply of these satellite data is accelerating and blooming the application of crop classification as satellite data at 10 m to 30 m spatial resolution have been made accessible easily, widely and free of charge, including optical sensors, the wide field of viewer (WFV) onboard the GaoFen (GF, high resolution in English) series from China, the MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) onboard Sentinel 2 (S2) from Europe and the Operational Land Imager (OLI) onboard Landsat 8 (L8) from USA, thanks to the implementation of the open data policy. There are more options in using the satellite data as these three data sources are available. This paper explored the different capability of these three data sources for the crop type mapping in the same area and within the same growing season. The study was executed in a flat and irrigated area in Northwest China. Nine types of crop were classified using these three kinds of time series of data sources in 2017 and 2018, respectively. The same suites of the training samples and validation samples were applied for each of the data sources. Random Forest (RF) was used as the classifier for the crop type classification. The confusion error matrix with the OA, Kappa and F1-score was used to evaluate the accuracy of the classifications. The result shows that GF-1 relatively has the lowest accuracy as a consequence of the limited spectral bands, but the accuracy is at 93–94%, which is still excellent and acceptable for crop type classification. S2 achieved the highest accuracy of 96–98%, with 10 available bands for the crop type classification at either 10 m or 20 m. The accuracy of 97–98% for L8 is in the middle but the difference is small in comparison with S2. Any of these satellite data may be used for the crop type classification within the growing season, with a very good accuracy if the training datasets were well tuned.
An Extensible Framework for Internet Booking Application Based on Rule Engine (2009)

The bloom of Internet and the convenience of e-Commerce bring a lot of demands of Internet booking applications. There are two challenges in Internet Booking Applications: high volume concurrent processing and complex business processing. Facing these two challenges, we designed an extensible framework for Internet booking applications, which includes an Internet Booking Engine, a rule engine, and three kinds of servers. The architectures of e-Commerce applications usually consist of Web server, application server and database server. The efficiency of the system is deeply influenced by the distribution of the functions among these servers and the communication methods between them. Three different architectures were designed and implemented. The Internet Booking Engine includes two kernel online booking modules: searching tickets and booking tickets. While dealing with complex and flexible business logics, the rule engine can reason with the business facts to get the result and take the corresponding action for specific applications by following the business rules. In vertical and horizontal directions, Internet Booking Engine can be extended to different Internet booking applications.
Androgen Receptor Regulates the Growth of Neuroblastoma Cells in vitro and in vivo (2017)

<b>Background:</b> Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial tumors in children. At present about the true etiology of neuroblastoma is unclear and many studies have tried to find effective treatments for these primary malignant tumors. Although it has been illustrated that androgen receptor (AR) was expressed in neuroblastoma cells in some former reports, the biological role of androgen receptor in the development of neuroblastoma is not fully understood. <b>Methods:</b> Androgen (R1881) and the antagonists of androgen receptor (MDV3100 and ARN509) were used to study the role of the androgen receptor signaling pathway <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> on SH-SY5Y and Neuro-2a (N2a) cell lines. <b>Results:</b> We found that AR expression showed an R1881 dose-dependent manner in neuroblastoma cells <i>in vitro</i> and R1881was able to increase, while both antagonists of androgen receptor (MDV3100 and ARN509) significantly decrease, the proliferation, migration, invasion and sphere formation of SH-SY5Y and N2a cells. Moreover, androgen promoted the growth of N2a tumor <i>in vivo</i>. However, when androgen receptor (AR) was effectively knocked down in the two cell lines by siRNA, either promoting or inhibiting effect of the androgen or androgen receptor antagonists, respectively, was attenuated. <b>Conclusion:</b> Our results suggested that androgen receptor may involve in the progression of neuroblastoma as well as provided insight into a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of neuroblastoma patients.
Capital markets' assessment of airline restructuring following deregulation (1992)

The Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 propelled the industry into a constant state of change, even turmoil, that prevails 14 years later. The purpose of this paper is to examine the capital markets' reactions to the dramatic restructuring of the airline industry. The results of an event study of 24 merger announcements indicates that stockholders of target firms experience positive abnormal returns of 14.5% over a three-day period around the merger announcement date. Bidding firms experience a 3.7% increase over the same time window. Clearly, the capital markets viewed this restructuring of the industry as positive.