gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase by human EGF receptor 2/EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor protects cardiac cells (2007)

The human EGF receptor (HER) 2 receptor tyrosine kinase is a survival factor for human cardiomyocytes, and its inhibition may explain the increased incidence of cardiomyopathy associated with the anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (Genentech, South San Francisco, CA), particularly in patients with prior exposure to cardiotoxic chemotherapies e.g., anthracyclines. Here, we show that GW2974 (HER2/EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor), but not trastuzumab, activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), initiating a metabolic stress response in human cardiomyocytes that protects against TNFalpha-induced cell death. GW2974 stimulates calcium dependent fatty acid oxidation in vitro and in the myocardium of GW2974-treated rodents. Calcium chelation or siRNA-targeted AMPK knockdown blocks GW2974 induced fatty acid oxidation. In addition, inhibition of AMPK by a specific inhibitor resulted in increased killing of cardiomyocytes. Elucidating the effects of HER2-targeted therapies on AMPK may predict for risk of cardiomyopathy and provide a novel HER2-targeted strategy designed to protect myocardium from the pro-apoptotic effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines released in response to cardiac injury by chemotherapy or acute ischemia.
Resistive switching in aluminum nitride (2012)

Resistive random access memories (ReRAM), also referred to as memristors, have gained a great deal of attention recently as a potential high density, low energy replacement for flash and DRAM. Furthermore, the analog properties of this device are a potential enabler of neuromorphic computing. Of particular interest are the class of ReRAM based on based on the valence change mechanism and fabricated from transition metal oxides (TMOs) such as TaO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> and HfO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> [1]. This particular class of ReRAM have achieved record endurance (10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> cycles) [2], sub-nanosecond switching speeds [3], and demonstrated operation in 10×10 nm devices [4]. For the first time, we present resistive switching in a ReRAM structure with an AlN based switching layer. The electrical characteristics are very similar to those observed in the valence change class of ReRAM. In particular, we have observed bipolar switching at less than ±1V and repeatable linear current-voltage (I–V) behavior at subswitching (read) voltages similar to the electrical characteristics of TaO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> ReRAM. Physical analysis using TEM with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) reveals that the switching layer contains oxygen, likely forming aluminum oxynitride (AlON).
Combination of block-coded modulation and trellis-coded modulation (1991)

It is known that trellis-coded modulation (TCM) can give a significant coding gain without compromising bandwidth efficiency, by the concepts of signal set partition and trellis coding scheme. It is also known that block-coded modulation (BCM) can be used to approach closely the maximum energy saving that can be obtained by using the densest lattice over the rectangular lattice (QAM). In this paper a systematic scheme is proposed to combine TCM and BCM, such that the constructed coded modulation is similar to part of Wei's multidimensional TCM. The main idea is that the signal points that are used in multidimensional TCM should be partitioned according to the dense lattices formed by proper BCM. Hence a higher coding gain is obtained which is a combination of both the distance gain of TCM and the density gain of BCM. In the 2n-dimensional case, for n ≥ 4, the net asymptotic coding gain of this scheme can theoretically reach (6–3/n) dB.
Isolation and identification of <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> YB3 from an effluent contaminated site efficiently degrades pyrene (2016)

Industrial effluents contaminated sites may serve as repositories of ecologically adapted efficient pyrene degrading bacteria. In the present study, six bacterial isolates from industrial effluents were purified using serial enrichment technique and their pyrene degrading potential on pyrene supplemented mineral salt medium was assessed. 16S rRNA sequence analysis showed that they belong to four bacterial genera, namely Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Microbacterium , and Ochrobactrum . Among these isolates, Bacillus megaterium YB3 showed considerably good growth and was further evaluated for its pyrene‐degrading efficiency. B. megaterium YB3 could degrade 72.44% of 500 mg L −1 pyrene within 7 days. GC–MS analysis of ethyl acetate extracted fractions detected two relatively less toxic metabolic intermediates of the pyrene degradation pathway. B. megaterium YB3 also tested positive for catechol 1, 2‐dioxygenase and aromatic‐ring‐hydroxylating dioxygenase indole‐indigo conversion assays. Considering the ability and efficiency of B. megaterium YB3 to degrade high pyrene content, the strain can be used as a tool to develop bioremediation technologies for the effective biodegradation of pyrene and possibly other PAHs in the environment.
A CONFIRMATION OF ELECTRON TEMPERATURE GRADIENT IN OUR GALAXY (1980)

Various assumptions used in interpreting the observations of hydrogen recombination lines are critically assessed to confirm the gradient of electron temperature with distance from the galactic center. The total temperature increase from 5 to 13 kpc is about 2,500 K. Among many suggestions, we have singled out the decrease of trace dement abundances with the galactoccntric distance as the most viable cause for the temperature gradient. This will impose an important constraint on evolutionary models of the Galaxy.
Radio frequency ion source for plasma diagnostics in magnetic fusion experiments (2000)

Low-divergent quasistationary neutral beams are often applied in modern magnetic fusion devices as a diagnostic tool providing unique information about plasma parameters. The most important requirements of these beams are sufficiently large current and energy of the particles, so that the beam can penetrate to the plasma core. Also the duration of the beams must be long enough, i.e., close to that of a plasma discharge, amounting to at least a few seconds for large fusion devices. We developed a neutral beam injector for plasma diagnostics in the tokamak TEXTOR-94 which is capable of meeting these requirements. The maximum beam energy is 50 keV and the source operated in hydrogen delivers an ion current of up to 2 A with a pulse duration of up to 4 s. The low divergent beam (∼0.5°– 0.6°) is geometrically focused 4 m downstream from the source having a 1/e width of ∼ 70 mm at the focal point. The beam can be modulated with a frequency variable up to 500 Hz. The ion source plasma is produced by a radio frequency discharge in hydrogen or helium. The ion beam is extracted by a four-grid system with 163 single holes. The measured beam parameters were compared with those predicted by simulations.
Catalysis in competing isocyanate reactions. I. Effect of organotin–tertiary amine catalysts on phenyl isocyanate and <i>N</i>‐butanol reaction (1986)

Abstract An analytical method based on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been developed to investigate the competing isocyanate reactions under the influence of various catalysts. The kinetics of the model reaction between phenyl isocyanate and n ‐butanol was studied in acetonitrile at 50°C. Effects of various catalysts such as an organotin compound, dibutyltin dilaurate, and tertiary amines, 1,4‐diazabicyclo‐(2,2,2)octane, N , N ′, N ″‐pentamethyldiprophylene triamine, N , N ′ N ″‐tris(3‐dimethyl‐aminopropyl)‐3‐hexahydrotriazine, and N , N , N ′‐trimethylaminoethyl‐ethanolamine on the reaction rate and the formation of reaction products were investigated. The reactions were followed by determining the NCO disappearance using the standard di‐ n ‐butylamine back‐titration method as well as measuring the formation of various reaction products using the HPLC method. The relative specificity of a catalyst in isocyanate reactions can thus be determined from the profile of the model reaction which depends upon the structure of the catalyst employed.
Transparent distributed Web caching (2002)

Layer 5 switching-based transparent Web caching intercepts HTTP requests and redirects requests according to their contents. This technique makes the deployment and configuration of a caching system easier and improves its performance by ensuring that non-cacheable HTTP requests bypass the cache servers. We propose a Load Balancing Layer 5 switching-based (LB-L5) Web caching scheme that uses the Layer 5 switching-based technique to support distributed Web caching. We present simulation results that show that LB-L5 outperforms existing Web caching schemes, namely ICP, Cache Digest, and basic L5 transparent Web caching, in terms of cache server workload balancing and response time. LB-L5 is also shown to be more adaptable to high HTTP request intensity than the other schemes.
Inside LightWave 3D v10 (2011)

This best-selling guide to NewTek's LightWave 3D animation software has now been completely updated for LightWave v10 by award-winning animator and trainer Dan Ablan. This down-to-earth, easy-to-follow guide offers an invaluable set of real-world project tutorials that teach you the ins and outs of LightWave and show you the techniques you need to master this powerful 3D software. Inside LightWave 3D v10's accompanying DVD features hours of high quality video training tutorials that will help you go further with each chapter. No other book has taught more LightWave 3D users than Inside LightWave.Featured tutorials cover: In-depth tour of the new LightWave v10 interfacePowerful surfacing with the Node EditorBones and rigging for character animationParticle animation Hard body and soft body dynamicsRendering conceptsAdvanced camera tools
Pricing the Internet: The One-Component versus Two-Component Pricing Mechanism - An Evaluation (2001)

This paper investigates the efficiency of one-component pricing mechanisms versus two-component pricing mechanisms. The paper deals with four pricing mechanisms used in the Internet, namely, flat rate pricing, usage-based pricing, transaction-based pricing and version-based pricing for the analysis. The objective of the paper is to evaluate and analyse the ways in which the usage-based pricing mechanism is more efficient than one-component-based pricing and this evaluation has been made in accordance withthe four examples cited.The paper observes the efficiency of the two-component pricing mechanism structure from both the sellers' and buyers' perspective and clears the way for further research in this area.
Identification of Heparin-binding Sites in Proteins by Selective Labeling (2009)

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are key regulators of complex molecular networks due to the interaction of their sugar chains with a large number of partner proteins, which in humans number more than 200 (Ori, A., Wilkinson, M. C., and Fernig, D. G. (2008) The heparanome and regulation of cell function: structures, functions and challenges. Front. Biosci. 13, 4309-4338). We developed a method to selectively label residues involved in heparin binding that matches the requirements for medium/high throughput applications called the "Protect and Label" strategy. This is based on the protection against chemical modification given by heparin/heparan sulfate to the residues located in the heparin-binding site. Thus, analysis of fibroblast growth factor-2 bound to heparin and incubated with N-hydroxysuccinimide acetate showed that lysines involved in the sugar binding are protected against chemical modification. Moreover following release from heparin, the protected lysine side chains may be specifically labeled with N-hydroxysuccinimide biotin. After protein digestion, the biotinylated peptides were readily isolated and identified by MALDI-Q-TOF mass spectrometry. The analysis of labeled peptides obtained from three well characterized heparin-binding proteins with very different heparin-binding sites, fibroblast growth factor-2, platelet factor-4, and pleiotrophin demonstrates the success of this new approach, which thus provides a rapid and reliable procedure to identify heparin-binding sites.
A Recording Generating Voltmeter for the Study of Atmospheric Electricity (1939)

A generating voltmeter type automatic electric field recorder designed for continuous measurement of surface electric fields in thunderstorms is described. The performance of the instrument in the field under thunderstorm conditions is discussed. The application of this instrument to the study of the normal potential gradient of the earth is suggested.
MODELING OF THE PROCESS OF ADSORPTION OF NICKE IN BENTONITE CLAY (2009)

Not available.
Extendable storage framework for reliable clustered storage systems (2010)

The total amount of information stored on disks has increased tremendously in recent years with data storage, sharing and backup becoming more important than ever. The demand for storage has not only changed in size, but also in speed, reliability and security. These requirements create a big challenge for storage system architects who aim for a one system fits all design. Storage policies like backup and security are typically set for an entire file system. However, this granularity is too large and can sacrifice storage efficiency and performance, particularly since different files have different storage requirements. In this work, we provide a framework for an attribute-based extendable storage system which will allow storage policy decisions to be made at file-level granularity and at all levels of the storage stack, including file system, operating system, and device managers. We propose to do this by using a file's extended attributes that will enable different tasks via plugins or functions implemented at various levels within the storage stack and provide a complete data-aware storage functionality from an application point of view. We provide examples of how our framework can be used to improve performance in a reliable clustered storage system.
Synthesis of 5-(Aminoacylamido)-3-methylisoxazole Derivatives and Their Analgesic Action (1963)

5-(2-Haloacylamido)-3-methylisoxazoles were prepared by treatment of 5-amino-3-methylisoxazole with 2-haloacyl halides and afforded with dimethylamine, diethylamine, piperidine, morpholine, and pyrrolidine the corresponding 5-(2-alkylaminoacylamido)-3-methylisoxazoles respectively. Examination of analgesic action and toxicity that compounds VI and XI were more favorable than aminopyrine.
Propofol Neurotoxicity Is Mediated by p75 Neurotrophin Receptor Activation (2011)

These results demonstrate that propofol induces apoptosis in developing neurons in vivo and in vitro and implicate a role for p75(NTR) and the downstream effector RhoA kinase.
Inhibitory Effect of Palatinose on Glucose Absorption in Everted Rat Gut (2007)

We previously reported that the increase in blood glucose was more suppressed when palatinose was taken with sucrose or glucose than when either of these sugars was taken alone. In the present study, we examined whether or not palatinose suppresses glucose absorption using everted intestinal sacs from rats. Glucose absorption in the everted rat intestinal sac was measured with 0, 1, 2.5 or 5 mM of palatinose added to 20 mM glucose. The measurement was repeated five times for each palatinose level to calculate a mean value. The result showed glucose absorption to be reduced as the palatinose level increased. It was significantly reduced when 5 mM palatinose was added as compared with no palatinose addition (p<0.05). These results suggest that palatinose suppresses glucose absorption.
암반의 굴착난이도 평가를 위한 제안 (1999)

One of the most general methods that can evaluate the rippability is the seismic exploration. However, most field engineers have hardly used the seismic exploration. Instead of using the seismic exploration, they have usually used rock hammer and naked eyes to confirm the degree of rippability for s...
Wild Mustard in Soybeans and Sunflower (1985)

The article discusses the infestation of soybean and sunflower crops by wild mustard. Information on the losses from wild mustard competition in sunflower and soybean would provide a basis for determining the economic benefit from various control practices. As the result, research was been conducted to determine the influence of various wild mustard infestations in soybean and sunflower.
Genetic Analysis of Functions Involved in Adhesion of <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> to Seeds (2000)

Many agricultural uses of bacteria require the establishment of efficient bacterial populations in the rhizosphere, for which colonization of plant seeds often constitutes a critical first step. Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is a strain that colonizes the rhizosphere of a number of agronomically important plants at high population densities. To identify the functions involved in initial seed colonization by P. putida KT2440, we subjected this strain to transposon mutagenesis and screened for mutants defective in attachment to corn seeds. Eight different mutants were isolated and characterized. While all of them showed reduced attachment to seeds, only two had strong defects in their adhesion to abiotic surfaces (glass and different plastics). Sequences of the loci affected in all eight mutants were obtained. None of the isolated genes had previously been described in P. putida, although four of them showed clear similarities with genes of known functions in other organisms. They corresponded to putative surface and membrane proteins, including a calcium-binding protein, a hemolysin, a peptide transporter, and a potential multidrug efflux pump. One other showed limited similarities with surface proteins, while the remaining three presented no obvious similarities with known genes, indicating that this study has disclosed novel functions.
Nucleophilic Phosphine Organocatalysis (2004)

Abstract Phosphines have recently become popular choices as nucleophilic catalysts in organic synthesis. The unique reactivity of phosphines compared to amines has allowed the discovery of new nucleophilic addition reactions at the α‐ and γ‐positions of unsaturated carbonyl compounds, as well as novel [3+2] and [4+2] cycloaddition reactions of activated alkynes and alkenes. The accessibility of chiral phosphines has rendered several of these transformations enantioselective and has made possible the kinetic resolution of racemic secondary alcohols by phosphine‐catalyzed acylation. This mini‐review presents recent advances in nucleophilic phosphine organocatalysis for carbon‐carbon bond formation.
Mechanism of Upgrading Low-Grade Solar Thermal Energy and Experimental Validation (2008)

Solar thermochemical processes inherently included the conversion of solar thermal energy into chemical energy. In this paper, a new mechanism of upgrading the energy level of solar thermal energy at around 200°C was revealed based on the second law thermodynamics and was then experimentally proven. An expression was derived to describe the upgrading of the energy level from low-grade solar thermal energy to high-grade chemical energy. The resulting equation explicitly reveals the interrelations of energy levels between middle-temperature solar thermal energy and methanol fuel, and identifies the interactions of mean solar flux and the reactivity of methanol decomposition. The proposed mechanism was experimentally verified by using the fabricated 5kW prototype of the receiver∕reactor. The agreement between the theoretical and the experimental results proves the validity of the mechanism for upgrading the energy level of low-grade solar thermal energy by integrating clean synthetic fuel. Moreover, the application of this new middle-temperature solar∕methanol hybrid thermochemical process into a combined cycle is expected to have a net solar-to-electric efficiency of about 27.8%, which is competitive with other solar-hybrid thermal power plants using high-temperature solar thermal energy. The results obtained here indicate the possibility of utilizing solar thermal energy at around 200°C for electricity generation with high efficiency by upgrading the energy level of solar thermal energy, and provide an enhancement to solar thermal power plants with the development of this low-grade solar thermochemical technology in the near future.
An automated two-phase microfluidic system for kinetic analyses and the screening of compound libraries (2010)

Droplet-based microfluidic systems allow biological and chemical reactions to be performed on a drastically decreased scale. However, interfacing the outside world with such systems and generating high numbers of microdroplets of distinct chemical composition remain challenging. We describe here an automated system in which arrays of chemically distinct plugs are generated from microtiter plates. Each array can be split into multiple small-volume copies, thus allowing several screens of the same library. The system is fully compatible with further on-chip manipulation(s) and allows monitoring of individual plugs over time (e.g. for recording reaction kinetics). Hence the technology eliminates several bottlenecks of current droplet-based microfluidic systems and should open the way for (bio-)chemical and cell-based screens.
Detection of mRNAs encoding collagenase I and stromelysin 2 in carcinomas of the head and neck by in situ hybridization. (1991)

The mRNAs encoding 2 metalloproteinases, stromelysin 2 and collagenase I, have been detected by in situ hybridization in 26 carcinomas of the head and neck. 23 tumors of 26 expressed these mRNAs. Collagenase mRNAs were present in individual invasive cancer cells and in tumor cells at the periphery of poorly differentiated clusters (4 cases). Numerous stromal cells, principally fibroblasts were labeled (18 cases). Stromelysin mRNAs have been localized in tumor cells frequently arranged along disrupted basement membranes (8 cases). Many stromal cells in close contact to cancer cells also expressed the stromelysin mRNAs (17 cases). Normal residual cells were never labeled. These observations plead for the role of stromelysin produced by both stromal and tumor cells in the breakdown of basement membranes and the involvement of both collagenase and stromelysin in stromal invasion in carcinomas of the head and neck in vivo.