gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High efficient linear polariser using FSS structure (2018)

A linear polarisation converter surface with broadband and high‐efficiency properties is proposed. The proposed frequency selective surface (FSS) polariser consists of two‐corner‐cut diagonal rectangular printed on a substrate backed by a pinwheel loop shape ground. The combination of two‐corner‐cut diagonal rectangular patch and pinwheel loop shape ground contributes to bandwidth expansion. Numerical results indicate that the FSS structure is capable of converting x or y polarised incident wave to the relevant cross‐polarised wave in a wide frequency range from 7.5 to 24.5 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 106% for −10 dB reflection amplitude. In addition, the and reflection coefficients of the proposed unit‐cell present slight variation for different incident angles up to 40°, which verifies the applicability of the proposed FSS structure in a practical environment. For experimental validation, a prototype of the FSS structure is fabricated and reflection parameters of the proposed structure are measured which agree well with corresponding simulations. Due to the minimal dependency on the angle of incidence and non‐uniform ground plane the proposed polarisation converter unit‐cell can be a possible choice for secure building applications.
Acceleration of Suzuki–Miyaura‐ and Stille‐type Coupling Reactions by Irradiation with Near‐UV‐A Light (2008)

Irradiation of a palladium catalyst bearing UV-A-absorbing phosphine ligands with low-intensity UV-A light leads to higher conversions of reactants at lower temperatures and an increased selectivity towards the cross-coupling product in Suzuki-Miyaura- and Stille-type reactions. The examples studied illustrate that a selective energy input into the catalyst by irradiation leads to more selective conversions under milder reaction conditions. With the availability of affordable and energy-efficient UV-A LED light sources, selective heating of the catalyst by light can be envisaged as a general strategy to increase the performance of a catalyst.
Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Polymers for Information Technology: from Planar Technology to 3D Nanostructures (2003)

Abstract Sol‐gel synthesis allows inorganic–organic hybrid polymer materials (ORMOCER®s) to be produced, which can be functionalized to tailor their physical and chemical properties such as refractive index or optical loss. A particular material system is discussed here, which is synthesized without addition of water and is applied in optical communications. As examples for 2D and 2.5D technology, planar waveguides, stacked waveguides, and microlenses are shown. Using two‐photon polymerization initiated by femtosecond laser pulses, arbitrary 3D structures can be made in the submicrometer range. In particular, 3D photonic crystal structures are described and discussed.
Ozone, NO, and NO 2 : Oxidant Air Pollutants and More (1994)

Jerold A. Last, Wei-Min Sun, Hanspeter Witschi, Ozone, NO, and NO2: Oxidant Air Pollutants and More, Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 102, Supplement 10: Oxygen Radicals and Lung Injury (Dec., 1994), pp. 179-184
Steam corrosion and steam corrosion inhibition in autoclave sterilization of dental and surgical steel materials (1965)

Abstract Steam corrosion and steam corrosion inhibition of dental and surgical instrument materials during autoclave sterilization have been investigated. The corrosion tests were performed on carbon steel test samples and on round dental burrs. Cyclohexylamine or decylamine were used as corrosion inhibitors, added to the “feed water,” i.e., deionized water, to a concentration of 0.1%. Before the corrosion experiment the surfaces of the test materials were standardized and calibrated by means of ultrasonic treatment. After the experiment the corrosion products were removed from the test samples or burrs using the same ultrasonic cleaning. Deionized water was used as cleaning liquid, and was then analyzed for the amount of Fe dissolved. The amount of corrosion was expressed as μg. Fe/cm. 2 sample surface area or μg. Fe/burr. The results show that considerable corrosion occurs when carbon steels are exposed to steam during autoclaving, but if cyclohexylamine or decylamine is added to the steam under the otherwise unchanged experimental conditions the total corrosion was reduced by 96–99%. No cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells could be detected with surface products possibly containing traces of amine and/or amine salts—nor with corrosion products alone—when these products were removed from the test materials by means of ultrasonic cleaning.
<i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG</i>and<i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i>induce suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3) gene expression directly and indirectly via interleukin-10 in human primary macrophages (2011)

In the present study we have characterized T helper type 2 (Th2) [interleukin (IL)-10]/Th1 (IL-12) cytokine expression balance in human primary macrophages stimulated with multiple non-pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria used in the food industry and as probiotic substances. Bacteria representing Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Propionibacterium and Streptococcus species induced anti-inflammatory IL-10 production, although quantitative differences between the bacteria were observed. S. thermophilus was able to induce IL-12 production, while the production of IL-12 induced by other bacteria remained at a low level. The highest anti-inflammatory potential was seen with bifidobacteria, as evidenced by high IL-10/IL-12 induction ratios. All studied non-pathogenic bacteria were able to stimulate the expression of suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) 3 that controls the expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes. Lactobacillus and Streptococcus species induced SOCS3 mRNA expression directly in the absence of protein synthesis and indirectly via bacteria-induced IL-10 production, as demonstrated by experiments with cycloheximide (CHX) and anti-IL-10 antibodies, respectively. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 signalling pathway played a key role in bacteria-induced SOCS3 gene expression. Enhanced IL-10 production and SOCS3 gene expression induced by live non-pathogenic Lactobacillus and Streptococcus is also likely to contribute to their immunoregulatory effects in vivo.
Epitope and functional specificity of monoclonal antibodies to mouse interferon-<i>gamma</i>: the synthetic peptide approach. (1986)

Spleen cells from hamsters immunized with recombinant mouse interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were fused with mouse myeloma cells, resulting in the production of four anti-IFN-gamma monoclonal antibodies. Binding of 125I-IFN-gamma by these protein A-bound antibodies was specifically blocked by cold IFN-gamma. Binding by three of these antibodies was also blocked by a synthetic peptide corresponding to the N-terminal 1-39 amino acids of IFN-gamma, whereas a corresponding C-terminal (95-133) peptide had no effect on binding. The N-terminal specificity of these three antibodies was confirmed by their specific binding of 125I-N-terminal (1-39) peptide. One of the N-terminal specific monoclonal antibodies inhibited both antiviral and macrophage priming (for tumor cell killing) activities of IFN-gamma, whereas the other two had no effect on either biologic function. The selectivity of the inhibition of IFN-gamma function was not due to a differential ability of the N-terminal specific antibodies to bind IFN-gamma. Blocking experiments with cold IFN-gamma and N-terminal peptide suggest that the epitope specificities of the monoclonal antibodies could be determined by the conformational or topographic structure of IFN-gamma. An exact determination of the epitope specificity of the monoclonal antibody that inhibited IFN-gamma function could provide insight into the structural basis for the role of the N-terminal domain in the biologic function of IFN-gamma. Polyclonal antibodies to either the N-terminal or the C-terminal peptides also inhibited both the antiviral and the macrophage-priming activities of IFN-gamma. All of the antibodies that inhibited IFN-gamma function also blocked binding of IFN-gamma to membrane receptor on cells, whereas antibodies that did not block function also did not inhibit binding. The data suggest that both the N-terminal and the C-terminal domains of IFN-gamma play an important role in its antiviral and macrophage-priming functions, possibly in a cooperative manner.
The Long‐Term Use of Gabapentin, Lamotrigine, and Vigabatrin in Patients with Chronic Epilepsy (1999)

The impact of these new AEDs on chronic epilepsy can be described only as modest. This view may be revised, however, as more experience is gained with new drugs in previously untreated patients.
The Indian Stream republic and Luther Parker (1916)

Journal Article The Indian Stream republic and Luther Parker. By Grant Showerman, Ph.D., professor, University of Wisconsin. [Collections of the New Hampshire historical society, edited by Otis Grant Hammond, M.A., superintendent of the society, vol. 11.] (Concord, N. H.: New Hampshire historical society, 1915. 272 p. $3.00) Get access F. L. P. F. L. P. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 3, Issue 2, September 1916, Pages 239–240, https://doi.org/10.2307/1886445 Published: 01 September 1916
ERS guidelines on the assessment of cough (2007)

### Cough 1) All basic scientific articles should refer to cough as a three-phase motor act. For the purposes of acoustic recordings in clinical studies, however, cough should be described as a forced expulsive manoeuvre or manoeuvres against a closed glottis that are associated with a characteristic sound or sounds. 2) All scientific articles should include a clear definition of what the authors have used as their definition of cough. ### Capsaicin and citric acid inhalation cough challenge 1) The methodology for the performance of inhalation cough challenge should be standardised so as to facilitate universal interpretation and comparison of data generated by different laboratories. 2) Comprehensive normal ranges need to be developed using the standardised methodology advocated in the present document. 3) The single-breath concentration–response method using a flow-limited dosimeter is recommended for most experimental protocols. 4) Both C2 and C5 should be recorded. 5) Since there is wide inter-individual variation, cough challenge data have no intrinsic significance, but may usefully be used to follow change in cough reflex sensitivity in an individual. ### Cough induced by inhalation of aqueous solutions 1) Aerosolised aqueous solutions represent a useful experimental tool in cough research. 2) The cough challenge with ultrasonic distilled water (fog) is difficult to standardise since it is highly dependent upon nebuliser output. 3) Consideration should be given to potential adverse events, such as bronchoconstriction and cross-infection. ### Cough monitors 1) No cough monitor is currently the gold standard. 2) Monitors should be developed that are ambulatory, are capable of being digitally processed and permit prolonged (24-h) recording. 3) There is little to commend any particular method of quantifying cough over any other. ### Assessment of quality of life of patients with chronic cough 1) Cough can have profound effects on health status, which can be assessed by cough-specific health status questionnaires. 2) Cough visual analogue scale (VAS, 0–100 mm) should be used to assess cough severity in patients with chronic cough. 3) Patients with chronic cough should be assessed with cough-specific quality-of-life questionnaires in clinical studies. ### Animal models of cough 1) The most useful animal model of cough is …
Effect of Sugars on <scp>d</scp> -Arabitol Production and Glucose Metabolism in <i>Saccharomyces rouxii</i> (1979)

The effect of sugars on the production of d-arabitol and on the glucose catabolic pathways was investigated in the osmotrophic yeast Saccharomyces rouxii. The activity of d-arabitol dehydrogenase, which served as a measure of total d-arabitol production, increased when cells were grown in the presence of increasing glucose concentrations. Growth in sucrose had no effect on the enzyme activity. A high intracellular concentration of d-arabitol could be demonstrated when the cells were grown in a 60% glucose medium and could be eliminated by anaerobic growth or growth in the presence of 4 mg of chloramphenicol per ml. A mutant was isolated that would not grow in 60% glucose; although the regulation of d-arabitol dehydrogenase was altered in this strain, the production of d-arabitol was not eliminated. The activity of d-arabitol dehydrogenase followed the growth phases of the parent strain when the cells were preadapted to 30% glucose. If the cells were adapting from 1 to 30% glucose, a large increase in enzyme activity was detected before growth occurred. Protein synthesis was found to be involved in this increase in activity. There was an increased participation of the pentose phosphate pathway when the cells were grown in the presence of increasing glucose concentrations. The mutant strain had only an 11% pentose phosphate pathway participation compared with 20% for the parent strain in glucose. The results suggest that the active pentose phosphate pathway is involved in glucose tolerance by providing a plentiful supply of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate which is necessary for cell survival.
<title>Demonstration Of Large Electron-Beam Energy Extraction By A Tapered-Wiggler Free-Electron Laser</title> (1984)

Electron-beam energy spectral measurements were made on a tapered-wiggler free-electron laser amplifier. A 10 MeV electron beam from a traveling-wave linear accelerator interacted in a tapered-wiggler with an intense 10.6pm CO2 laser beam. The electron spectra show a 4 percent net energy loss and a 9 percent peak loss. Measurements of electron energy spectra, extraction efficiency as a function of electron-beam energy, and extraction efficiency as a function of optical power are presented and are consistent with theoretically predicted performance.
Feature-based decomposition of façades (2005)

Abstract: Due to advances in computer hardware, virtual environments become significantly larger and more complex. Therefore the modeling of virtual worlds, e.g. for computer animation and games becomes increasingly time and resource consuming. In architectural settings façade features are influenced by the underlying geometrical structure or even by other façade structures, e.g. façade edges made of large stones influence the adjacent walls. To achieve an aesthetic look of the façade adjacent structures must be seamlessly aligned. The modeling of such structures is a tedious work. With our approach only a few basic parameters are needed to create highly detailed façades. This relieves the designer of the burden of difficult modeling tasks and gives him more high level control. In this paper we present a strategy for a floor plan representation that permits arbitrary floor plan outlines. This simplifies the roof generation for different roof types in an easy way to achieve an aesthetic goal. Based on the floor plan representation we describe a hierarchical decomposition of architectural façade features. With an order relation on it we represent the interdependencies between the façade features and introduce a geometry generator for them. With our approach every building in a large VR city will look different but can have a high level on architectural details.
Progression of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Plasma Antioxidants: The Los Angeles Atherosclerosis Study (2003)

These findings suggest that higher levels of plasma oxygenated carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin) and alpha-carotene may be protective against early atherosclerosis.
Characterization of<i>in vivo</i>Pharmacokinetic Properties of the Dopamine D1 Receptor Agonist DAR-0100A in Nonhuman Primates Using PET with [<sup>11</sup>C] NNC112 and [<sup>11</sup>C] Raclopride (2010)

DAR-0100A, the active enantiomer of dihydrexidine, is a potent dopamine D1 agonist under investigation for treatment of cognitive impairment and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. We measured the dose-occupancy relationship for DAR-0100A at D1 receptors using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in baboons with [(11)C] NNC112 and its binding to D2 with [(11)C] raclopride. Two baboons were scanned with [(11)C] NNC112 at baseline and after three different doses of DAR-0100A. Two baboons were scanned with [(11)C] raclopride at baseline and after one dose of DAR-0100A. Occupancy (ΔBP(ND)) was computed in the striatum and cortex. A clear relationship was observed between plasma concentration of DAR-0100A and ΔBP(ND). ΔBP(ND) was larger in the striatum than in the cortex, consistent with reports showing that 25% of [(11)C] NNC112 BP(ND) in the cortex is attributed to 5-HT(2A). Plasma EC(50) estimates ranged from 150 to 550 ng/mL according to the constraints on the model. There was no detectable effect of DAR-0100A on [(11)C] raclopride BP(ND). These data suggest that at doses likely to be administered to patients, occupancy will not be detectable with [(11)C] NNC112 PET and binding of DAR-0100A to D2 will be negligible. This is the first demonstration with PET of a significant occupancy by a full D1 agonist in vivo.
In vivo effects of endotoxin on intraepithelial mucosubstances in rat pulmonary airways. Quantitative histochemistry. (1992)

Bacteria-induced bronchopneumonias are often characterized by an influx of neutrophils and excess mucus in pulmonary airways. This study determined how endotoxin, a component of gram-negative bacteria and a potent inflammatory agent, affects the ultrastructure of the mucociliary apparatus and the amount of stored intraepithelial mucosubstances in the main axial airways within the lung. Rats were intranasally instilled, once a day for 3 days, with endotoxin or saline (controls). Animals were sacrificed 1, 2, or 7 days after the last instillation. Microdissected intrapulmonary axial airways (generations 8-11) from the right caudal lobes of infusion-fixed lungs were processed for light and electron microscopy. Morphometric techniques were used to determine the volume densities (Vs) of histochemically stained intraepithelial mucosubstances and numerical densities of airway epithelial cells. There were marked increases, compared with controls, in the amount of intraepithelial mucosubstances in the intrapulmonary axial airways at generations 8 and 11 in the right caudal lobes from endotoxin-instilled rats sacrificed 1, 2, and 7 days after the last instillation. There were significantly greater numbers of surface epithelial cells per length of basal lamina (i.e., hyperplasia) in endotoxin-exposed airways compared with airways from controls. This endotoxin-induced hyperplasia was due primarily to an increase in the number of mucus-secretory cells, which in endotoxin-exposed epithelium were columnar and contained numerous, large confluent, electronlucent, secretory granules composed of acidic and neutral glycoproteins. In contrast, secretory cells in airway epithelium from controls were cuboidal and contained small discrete, electron-dense, granules composed of only neutral glycoproteins. The numbers of ciliated cells and basal cells were similar in both control and endotoxin-exposed epithelium. Only endotoxin-exposed epithelium, however, contained atypical epithelial cells with numerous basal bodies, few cilia, and few apical secretory granules. These results indicate that repeated airway instillations of endotoxin induce an increase in the amount of intraepithelial mucosubstances, secretory cell hyperplasia, and excess luminal mucus in pulmonary airways. Therefore, endotoxin released from gram-negative bacteria may be partially responsible for the structural alterations, in the airway surface epithelium, which result in the excess luminal mucus observed in bacteria-induced bronchopneumonias.
Site and mechanics of spontaneous, sleep-associated obstructive apnea in infants (2000)

To examine the mechanics of infantile obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), airway pressures were measured using a triple-lumen catheter in 19 infants (age 1-36 wk), with concurrent overnight polysomnography. Catheter placement was guided by correlations between measurements of magnetic resonance images and body weight of 70 infants. The level of spontaneous obstruction was palatal in 52% and retroglossal in 48% of all events. Palatal obstruction predominated in infants treated for OSA (80% of events), compared with 38.6% from infants with infrequent events (P = 0.02). During obstructive events, successive respiratory efforts increased in amplitude (mean intrathoracic pressures -11.4, -15.0, and -20.4 cmH(2)O; ANOVA, P < 0.05), with arousal after only 29% of the obstructive and mixed apneas. The soft palate is commonly involved in the upper airway obstruction of infants suffering OSA. Postterm, infant responses to upper airway obstruction are intermediate between those of preterm infants and older children, with infrequent termination by arousal but no persisting "upper airway resistance" and respiratory efforts exceeding baseline during the event.
REPEATED INTRAVITREAL BEVACIZUMAB INJECTION WITH AND WITHOUT MACULAR GRID PHOTOCOAGULATION FOR TREATMENT OF DIFFUSE DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA (2013)

Repeated IVB injection could provide a long-term benefit for the treatment of diffuse diabetic macular edema. Performing macular grid photocoagulation once only 3 weeks subsequent to the initial IVB injection might provide a longer disease-free intervals and reduces the burden of more frequent injections.
Nucleotide sequence of the region of an origin of replication of the antibiotic resistance plasmid R6K. (1979)

A 2.1-kilobase segment of the antibiotic resistance plasmid R6K carries sufficient information to replicate as a plasmid in Escherichia coli. This segment contains a functional origin of replication and a structural gene for a protein, designated pi, that is required for the initiation of R6K replication. The nucleotide sequence of a 520-base-pair portion of this 2.1-kilobase segment that includes the functional origin of replication and the region adjacent to the start of the pi structural gene was determined. A striking feature of the sequence is the presence of seven 22-base-pair direct repeats joined in tandem in the region adjacent to the start of the pi gene. A possible role of the tandem repeats in the regulation of expression of the pi protein and the control of initiation of replication of the plasmid R6K is discussed.
Energy‐Level Modulation of Small‐Molecule Electron Acceptors to Achieve over 12% Efficiency in Polymer Solar Cells (2016)

Fine energy-level modulations of small-molecule acceptors (SMAs) are realized via subtle chemical modifications on strong electron-withdrawing end-groups. The two new SMAs (IT-M and IT-DM) end-capped by methyl-modified dicycanovinylindan-1-one exhibit upshifted lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels, and hence higher open-circuit voltages can be observed in the corresponding devices. Finally, a top power conversion efficiency of 12.05% is achieved.