gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PLANNING AND DESIGN OF BICYCLE FACILITIES: PITFALLS AND NEW DIRECTIONS (1976)

This paper focuses on several recent failures in bikeway design in the hope that similar mistakes can be avoided in the future. Pros and cons of independent bicycle paths are listed, and the major deficiency is shown to be problems in design, inasmuch as they are usually designed for pedestrians rather than for bicyclists. This paper gives several questions that planners must answer when considering an independent right-of-way opportunity. These relate to safety, utility and linkage, and proximity to population centers. The use of sidewalks as bikeways is discussed, and unsatisfactory experience with such paths is presented. Some of the more obvious problems are poor sight distance, hazards from shrubs and signs, driveways, pedestrians, poor-quality surface, and curbs. Various attempts at curb cuts and ramps are mentioned. Signed bike routes are rarely used by cyclists because they usually do not serve desired activity centers and offer few if any safety advantages. Bike lanes, created from roadway space left over by motor vehicles, are shown to be basically unsatisfactory, though some negative behavior patterns have been modified by the provision of such lanes. The need to acquire accurate before and after data is discussed, as is the need for planners and designers to develop knowledge of good bikeway design. The way to acquire a sensitivity to bicyclists' needs and behaviors is to ride a bike. /Author/
Blood and tissue tocopherol levels in rats following intraperitoneally administered alpha‐tocopheryl acetate (1990)

The correction or maintenance of blood and tissue alpha-tocopherol (alpha-Toc) levels by intraperitoneally administered all-rac-alpha-tocopheryl acetate (alpha-Tac) was compared with RRR- alpha-tocopherol (alpha-Toc) in vitamin E-depleted and control rats. Rats received 1.3 TE vitamin E daily for 7 days. alpha-Tac was detected in plasma of one-third of alpha-Tac-treated rats 24 hr after the first treatment, although not in subsequent samplings. Both alpha-Tac and alpha-Toc increased tocopherol levels in plasma and liver of E-deprived rats, while little or no change was observed in adipose tissue and brain. Similarly, control rats treated with alpha-Tac or alpha-Toc had significantly greater (p less than 0.05) plasma and liver alpha-Toc levels at day 3 and day 7 than did saline-treated rats. There was no significant difference in adipose alpha-Toc levels among treatment groups of control rats. The results of this study suggest that alpha-Tac is rapidly hydrolyzed to its biologically active alcohol form and results in similar effects to that of intraperitoneally administered alpha-Toc.
Patterning of metal electrode on flexible substrate using laser transfer method (2010)

Through incorporating with the technique of rapid polydimethysiloxane (PDMS) lift-off, this study reports on a new laser transfer method that is applicable to printing metallic thin film on a flexible substrate. Aluminum line patterns, with line widths of 40 and 100 μm and deposited on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrate, are presented. The patterned film is demonstrated to be a good conductor, with resistivity of 2.95×10−6 Ω-cm, and with very good adhesion strength through the scotch-tape test.
Newly developed wraparound-shielded head for perpendicular recording (2005)

We describe a fabrication process for a wraparound shield for perpendicular recording heads. We successfully made a wraparound shield on a main pole using this process. A wraparound-shielded head improved the resolution, and the byte error rate is lower compared to a single-pole head because the wraparound shield increased the gradient of the magnetic field from the main pole. Measurements in the cross-track direction showed that the wraparound shield improved the magnetic field profile at near the bottom of the profile.
Smell and taste disorders: a primary care approach. (2000)

Smell and taste disorders are common in the general population, with loss of smell occurring more frequently. Although these disorders can have a substantial impact on quality of life and may represent significant underlying disease, they are often overlooked by the medical community. Patients may have difficulty recognizing smell versus taste dysfunction and frequently confuse the concepts of "flavor" and "taste." While the most common causes of smell disturbance are nasal and sinus disease, upper respiratory infection and head trauma, frequent causes of taste disturbance include oral infections, oral appliances (e.g., dentures), dental procedures and Bell's palsy. Medications can interfere with smell and taste, and should be reviewed in all patients with reported dysfunction. In addition, advancing age has been associated with a natural impairment of smell and taste ability. A focused history and a physical examination of the nose and mouth are usually sufficient to screen for underlying pathology. Computed tomographic scanning or magnetic resonance imaging of affected areas, as well as commercially available standardized tests, may be useful in selected patients. The causes of olfactory dysfunction that are most amenable to treatment include obstructing polyps or other masses (treated by excision) and inflammation (treated with steroids). Enhancement of food flavor and appearance can improve quality of life in patients with irreversible dysfunction.
Recursive least squares smoothing of noise in images (1977)

In the recent past considerable attention has been devoted to the application of Kalman filtering to smoothing out observation noise in image data. A generalization of the one-dimensional Kalman filter to two dimensions was earlier suggested by Habibi, but it has since been shown that this generalization is invalid since it does not preserve the optimality of the Kalman filter. A new method is proposed here that enables well-established Kalman-filter theory to yield a simple two-dimensional filter for images that can be modeled by two-dimensional wide-sense Markov (WSM) random fields.
Using Analytical Models to Bootstrap Machine Learning Performance Predictors (2015)

Performance modeling is a crucial technique to enable the vision of elastic computing in cloud environments. Conventional approaches to performance modeling rely on two antithetic methodologies: white box modeling, which exploits knowledge on system's internals and capture its dynamics using analytical approaches, and black box techniques, which infer relations among the input and output variables of a system based on the evidences gathered during an initial training phase. In this paper we investigate a technique, which we name Bootstrapping, which aims at reconciling these two methodologies and at compensating the cons of the one with the pros of the other. We analyze the design space of this gray box modeling technique, and identify a number of algorithmic and parametric trade-offs which we evaluate via two realistic case studies, a Key-Value Store and a Total Order Broadcast service.
In Situ Hybridization Studies for Virai Nucleic Acids in Heart and Lung Allograft Biopsies (1990)

In situ hybridization has been shown to be a useful technique for the identification of specific viruses in pathologic tissues. The authors studied 313 lung and 164 heart biopsies from 20 heart-lung recipients to assess its utility in this clinical setting, employing biotinylated probes for the cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex, and adenovirus genomes. Twenty-five lung biopsies and one heart biopsy had detectable cytomegalovirus DNA by in situ hybridization. As compared to histopathology, in situ hybridization had a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 99%. None of the biopsies had detectable herpes simplex or adenovirus by either in situ hybridization or routine histopathology. In situ hybridization studies may be of greatest use when the results of conventional histopathology are equivocal and in the patients with radiologic or clinical evidence of pulmonary disease.
Trimethoprim and rifampicin: <i>in vitro</i> activities separately and in combination (1975)

Journal Article Trimethoprim and rifampicin: in vitro activities separately and in combination Get access D. W. Kerry, D. W. Kerry Department of Medical MicrobiologyThe Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. M. T. Hamilton-Miller, J. M. T. Hamilton-Miller Department of Medical MicrobiologyThe Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W. Brumfitt W. Brumfitt Department of Medical MicrobiologyThe Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 1, Issue 4, December 1975, Pages 417–427, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/1.4.417 Published: 01 December 1975 Article history Accepted: 30 July 1975 Published: 01 December 1975
Cleavage of Carbon−Carbon Bonds in Aromatic Nitriles Using Nickel(0) (2002)

The nickel(0) fragment [(dippe)Ni] has been found to react with a variety of aromatic nitriles. Initial pi-coordination to the C=C and Ctbd1;N bonds of 2-cyanoquinoline is found to lead ultimately to C-CN oxidative addition. 3-Cyanoquinoline reacts similarly, although no eta(2)-CN complex is observed. 2-, 3-, And 4-cyanopyridines react initially to give eta(2)-nitrile complexes that then lead to quantitative formation of C-CN oxidative addition products. Benzonitrile reacts similarly but undergoes reversible insertion into the Ph-CN bond to give an equilibrium mixture of Ni(II) and Ni(0) adducts. A series of para-substituted benzonitriles has been studied in terms of both the position of the equilibrium between (dippe)Ni(eta(2)-arylnitrile) right harpoon over left harpoon (dippe)Ni(CN)(aryl) and the rate of approach to equilibrium, and the Hammett plots indicate a buildup of negative charge at the ipso carbon both in the transition state and the Ni(II) product. Terephthalonitrile gives both eta(2)-nitrile and oxidative addition adducts, as well as dimetalated products. No C-C or C-N cleavage of the aromatic ring is seen with quinoline or acridine; only eta(2)-arene complexes are formed. The structures of many of these compounds are supported by X-ray data.
Magnetically-Assisted Statistical Assembly - a new heterogeneous integration technique (2002)

This paper presents a new technique for the monolithic heterogeneous integration of compound semiconductor devices with silicon integrated circuits, and establishes the theoretical foundation for a key element of the process, tailored magnetic attraction and retention. It is shown how a patterned thin film of hard magnetic material can be used to engineer the attraction between the film and nanopills covered with a soft magnetic material. With a suitable choice of pattern, it is anticipated that it will be possible to achieve complete filling of recesses in the surface of fully-processed integrated circuit wafers, preparatory to subsequent processing to fabricate the nanopills into heterostructure devices integrated monolithically with the pre-existing electronics.
A novel 4-valued discrete network for the analysis of signalling events integrating protein interaction and gene expression data applied on hematopoietic diefferentiation (2005)

Signaltransduction is an important process, that is crucial for the interplay of cells in multicellular organisms and controls among other things cellular proliferation and cellular differentiation. The complexity of signalling networks and the absence of comprehensive and accurate quantitative data make a precise mathematical description of such networks difficult. This work deals with the questions, if and how predications about signalling processes for specific cellular models can be made with the aid of interaction databases and gene expression profiles. Starting from molecular interaction-databases complex networks are generated comprising all known cellular signalling paths. But, not all of them play a role in a specific cellular model. The specific adaptation of the networks to a specific cellular system is achieved by additional integration of data obtained from gene expression profiles. Thereby, 1. the information about expression or non-expression of a gene and 2. the change of gene expression in time (increase, decrease or unchanged) is used. 1. Information about the expression is included in the calculations, by removing unexpressed elements from the network and thus changing its topology. 2. Chronological changes in expression are integrated in the estimations by a four-valued, discrete network containing statistical elements, that was developed in this work. This network is able to deal with contradicting data and pays attention to the importance of feedback loops for differentiation processes. This enables an extraction of subnetworks having a dynamic that approximates the measured data best. Hematopoietic processes, playing among other things a role in development of leukaemias, were examined with a sensitivity analysis. The analysis revealed central molecules of EpoR induced hematopoesis, like AKT, PIP3, Pi3K, Lyn, ERK.
<b>Left Ventricular Lead Insertion Using a Modified Transseptal Catheterization Technique:</b> A Totally Endocardial Approach for Permanent Biventricular Pacing in End‐Stage Heart Failure (1999)

This article describes a new technique of LV lead insertion, using transseptal catheterization performed through the right internal jugular vein, to obtain a totally endocardial biventricular chronic pacing in end-stage heart failure. Three patients with QRS widening (> 180 ms) linked to complete left bundle branch block (n = 2) or right ventricular pacing (n = 1) were included in this preliminary study. Catheterization was performed under fluoroscopy and transesophageal echocardiography guidance. Transseptal catheterization was achieved by puncture of the right internal jugular vein at the base of the neck and by using a Brockenbrough needle, the tip curve of which was more curved than the standard model. A flexible long sheath was advanced in the left atrium through the interatrial septum and then a unipolar electrode was placed easily in the LV. The proximal tip of the LV lead was tunneled from the neck to the subclavian area and connected to the ventricular channel of a dual (n = 1) or simple (n = 2) chamber pacemaker. Efficient acute sensing (V wave amplitude = 13 +/- 3 m V) and pacing (acute pacing threshold = 0. 7 +/- 0.4 V) were obtained in the three patients. Early loss of capture occurred in two patients requiring lead replacement. Functional status dramatically improved in all three patients. At 6-month follow-up, biventricular pacing was maintained in all patients (mean threshold 1.4 V) who were free of clinical embolic event with oral anticoagulation therapy. This modified technique of jugular transseptal catheterization appears promising for the development of left heart pacing.
The Conformations of Cyclic Compounds in Solution. I. Shikimic Acid (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Conformations of Cyclic Compounds in Solution. I. Shikimic AcidL. D. HallCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 2, 297–299Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01025a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01025a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views188Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ApproxFTL: On the Performance and Lifetime Improvement of 3-D NAND Flash-Based SSDs (2017)

3-D NAND flash is one of the most prospective advances in flash memory industry. While 3-D flash improves cell density and reduces lithography cost through die stacking, it suffers from severe program disturbance, which leads to significant performance and lifetime degradation for 3-D flash-based SSDs. To address the above challenge, we propose ApproxFTL, an approximate-write aware flash translation layer design, that uses approximate-write operations to store error-resilient data of modern applications. By reducing the maximal threshold voltage and tightening the guard bands between multilevel cell states, approximate write operations not only finish early but also exhibit large disturbance reduction, which can be exploited to alleviate disturbance in physical blocks that save both precise and approximate data. ApproxFTL maximizes the disturbance mitigation through approximate-write aware data placement, wear leveling, and garbage collection enhancements. Our experimental results show that ApproxFTL, while preserving high data quality, improves the read and write response time of flash accesses by 41.38% and 45.64% on average, respectively, and extends the lifetime of 3-D flash-based SSDs by 5.75% when comparing to the state-of-the-art.
Predictive properties of serum prostate-specific antigen testing in a community setting. (1996)

In a community-based setting, serum PSA levels provide better discrimination between men with and without clinically localized prostate cancer than has been observed in studies that were conducted in urologic practices. These results suggest that previous decision analyses may have underestimated the predictive value of PSA for the detection of prostate cancer in a primary care or community-wide screening program.
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing With Subcarrier Gap Modulation (2020)

A new modulation scheme called orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with subcarrier gap modulation (OFDM-SGM) is proposed. The proposed scheme embeds extra information bits by exploiting the gap between the active subcarriers in each subblock. The proposed scheme differs from the OFDM-index modulation (OFDM-IM), in which information bits are transmitted using the index of active subcarriers. This OFDM-SGM technique provides superior spectral and energy efficiencies compared to the OFDM-IM, particularly when using binary phase-shift keying (BPSK)-like low constellation schemes, that suit the Internet of Things (IoT) applications that have low complexity. The theoretical error performance of the proposed scheme is presented, and the consistency between the theoretically derived error performance and the simulated one is also provided.
Extreme Dependence of gH and gL Expression on ORF57 and Association with Highly Unusual Codon Usage in Rhesus Monkey Rhadinovirus (2008)

Standard vectors for high-level expression elicited undetectable levels of the gH and gL glycoproteins of rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (RRV) following transient-transfection assays under a variety of conditions. These same vectors and conditions yielded high levels of RRV gB expression. Unlike other genes of RRV, both the gH and gL genes were noted to have a highly aberrant, suboptimal codon usage. High levels of RRV gH and gL expression were achieved by two alternative means: codon optimization or coexpression of RRV ORF57. The failure of gH and gL to be expressed in the absence of ORF57 and in the absence of codon optimization could not be explained by the failure of RNA to egress from the nucleus. Rather, the defect in gH and gL expression appeared to be cytoplasmic in nature. It is not clear at the present time whether the aberrant codon usage for gH and gL of RRV is an intentional regulatory strategy used by the virus or whether it is driven by some external force, such as intrinsic immunity. In any event, our results indicate that the need of ORF57 for gH and gL expression can be circumvented by codon optimization, that RRV ORF57 acts principally to allow translation of gH and gL RNA in the cytoplasm, and that this activity of ORF57 is related in some way to the aberrant codon usage of the gH and gL RNAs.
Interactions between serine acetyltransferase and <i>O</i>‐acetylserine (thiol) lyase in higher plants (1998)

The last steps of cysteine synthesis in plants involve two consecutive enzymes. The first enzyme, serine acetyltransferase, catalyses the acetylation of L-serine in the presence of acetyl-CoA to form O-acetylserine. The second enzyme, O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase, converts O-acetylserine to L-cysteine in the presence of sulfide. We have, in the present work, over-produced in Escherichia coli harboring various type of plasmids, either a plant serine acetyltransferase or this enzyme with a plant O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase. The free recombinant serine acetyltransferase (subunit mass of 34 kDa) exhibited a high propensity to form high-molecular-mass aggregates and was found to be highly unstable in solution. However, these aggregates were prevented in the presence of O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase (subunit mass of 36 kDa). Under these conditions homotetrameric serine acetyltransferase associated with two molecules of homodimeric O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase to form a bienzyme complex (molecular mass approximately 300 kDa) called cysteine synthase containing 4 mol pyridoxal 5'-phosphate/mol complex. O-Acetylserine triggered the dissociation of the bienzyme complex, whereas sulfide counteracted the action of O-acetylserine. Protein-protein interactions within the bienzyme complex strongly modified the kinetic properties of plant serine acetyltransferase: there was a transition from a typical Michaelis-Menten model to a model displaying positive kinetic co-operativity with respect to serine and acetyl-CoA. On the other hand, the formation of the bienzyme complex resulted in a very dramatic decrease in the catalytic efficiency of bound O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase. The latter enzyme behaved as if it were a structural and/or regulatory subunit of serine acetyltransferase. Our results also indicated that bound serine acetyltransferase produces a build-up of O-acetylserine along the reaction path and that the full capacity for cysteine synthesis can only be achieved in the presence of a large excess of free O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase. These findings contradict the widely held belief that such a bienzyme complex is required to channel the metabolite intermediate O-acetylserine.
Rib waveguide curvature loss: the scalar problem (1985)

The volume current method is used to obtain the curvature radiation loss from an integrated-optics dielectric rib waveguide in contact with the air. Following earlier workers, a single component of the electric field is assumed to satisfy a scalar Helmholtz equation. The electric field component is assumed to vanish on the air/dielectric interface; the introduction of this large discontinuity in the refractive index reduces the curvature loss considerably. The time and spatial decay constants appear as the product of two factors: a curvature factor CF and a shape discriminating factor DF. The factor CF is of lower order of magnitude than the curvature factor for an optical fibre, but contains similar features which may be compared. The discriminating factor DF may be calculated by the numerical solution of Helmholtz equations, but is discussed qualitatively here. Comparative shape studies are in agreement with physical intuition.