gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Random Sampling in Cut, Flow, and Network Design Problems (1999)

We use random sampling as a tool for solving undirected graph problems. We show that the sparse graph, or skeleton, that arises when we randomly sample a graph's edges will accurately approximate the value of all cuts in the original graph with high probability. This makes sampling effective for problems involving cuts in graphs. We present fast randomized (Monte Carlo and Las Vegas) algorithms for approximating and exactly finding minimum cuts and maximum flows in unweighted, undirected graphs. Our cut-approximation algorithms extend unchanged to weighted graphs while our weighted-graph flow algorithms are somewhat slower. Our approach gives a general paradigm with potential applications to any packing problem. It has since been used in a near-linear time algorithm for finding minimum cuts, as well as faster cut and flow algorithms. Our sampling theorems also yield faster algorithms for several other cut-based problems, including approximating the best balanced cut of a graph, finding a k-connected orientation of a 2k-connected graph, and finding integral multicommodity flows in graphs with a great deal of excess capacity. Our methods also improve the efficiency of some parallel cut and flow algorithms. Our methods also apply to the network design problem, where we wish to build a network satisfying certain connectivity requirements between vertices. We can purchase edges of various costs and wish to satisfy the requirements at minimum total cost. Since our sampling theorems apply even when the sampling probabilities are different for different edges, we can apply randomized rounding to solve network design problems. This gives approximation algorithms that guarantee much better approximations than previous algorithms whenever the minimum connectivity requirement is large. As a particular example, we improve the best approximation bound for the minimum k-connected subgraph problem from 1.85 to 1 + O(√(log n)/k).
Unphosphorylated CsgD controls biofilm formation in <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Typhimurium (2010)

The transcriptional regulator CsgD of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a major regulator of biofilm formation required for the expression of csgBA, which encodes curli fimbriae, and adrA, coding for a diguanylate cyclase. CsgD is a response regulator with an N-terminal receiver domain with a conserved aspartate (D59) as a putative target site for phosphorylation and a C-terminal LuxR-like helix-turn-helix DNA binding motif, but the mechanisms of target gene activation remained unclear. To study the DNA-binding properties of CsgD we used electrophoretic mobility shift assays and DNase I footprint analysis to show that unphosphorylated CsgD-His(6) binds specifically to the csgBA and adrA promoter regions. In vitro transcription analysis revealed that CsgD-His(6) is crucial for the expression of csgBA and adrA. CsgD-His(6) is phosphorylated by acetyl phosphate in vitro, which decreases its DNA-binding properties. The functional impact of D59 in vivo was demonstrated as S. Typhimurium strains expressing modified CsgD protein (D59E and D59N) were dramatically reduced in biofilm formation due to decreased protein stability and DNA-binding properties in the case of D59E. In summary, our findings suggest that the response regulator CsgD functions in its unphosphorylated form under the conditions of biofilm formation investigated in this study.
Temperature characteristics of combline resonators and filters (2002)

Temperature characteristics of combline resonators and filters are investigated with a full wave simulation. For a given combline resonator, perfect temperature compensations may be achieved at two different resonant frequencies by adjusting the tuning screws. A 4 GHz 8-pole filter is designed and tested. Satisfactory temperature compensation is obtained.
Accelerated Intravascular Coagulation in a Patient With Korean Hemorrhagic Fever (1968)

The injection of bacterial endotoxin into experimental animals causes accelerated consumption of blood clotting factors with thrombosis and hemorrhage.<sup>1</sup>It has been suggested that a similar phenomenon occurs in certain bacterial, viral, rickettsial, and parasitic infections in man.<sup>2</sup>Disseminated intravascular coagulation has been demonstrated in patients with pneumococcal, meningococcal, and<i>Pseudomonas</i>bacteremias.<sup>3-5</sup>The characteristic coagulation defect responding to heparin sodium therapy has been reported in<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>malaria and scrub typhus.<sup>6,7</sup>In a recent review, McKay and Margaretten<sup>8</sup>summarized the histopathologic evidence for the occurrence of disseminated intravascular coagulation in various exanthematous viral diseases and certain of the hemorrhagic fevers caused by arboviruses. The purpose of this report is to describe the coagulation abnormalities observed antemortem in a patient with Korean hemorrhagic fever (hemorrhagic nephroso-nephritis). <h3>Patient Summary</h3> A 23-year-old white soldier became ill 30 days after returning from military service in Korea. He was admitted
Design of Sensor Node Platform for Wireless Biomedical Sensor Networks (2005)

Design of low-cost, miniature, lightweight, ultra low-power, flexible sensor platform capable of customization and seamless integration into a wireless biomedical sensor network(WBSN) for health monitoring applications presents one of the most challenging tasks. In this paper, we propose a WBSN node platform featuring an ultra low-power microcontroller, an IEEE 802.15.4 compatible transceiver, and a flexible expansion connector. The proposed solution promises a cost-effective, flexible platform that allows easy customization, energy-efficient computation and communication. The development of a common platform for multiple physical sensors will increase reuse and alleviate costs of transition to a new generation of sensors. As a case study, we present an implementation of an ECG (Electrocardiogram) sensor.
A parametric hybrid model used for multidimensional object representation (2003)

In this paper, we present a parametric hybrid model used in the framework of multidimensional object representation, for applications to both object visualization and object-based data compression. Our model is defined as a set of hybrid ellipsoids suitable for both globally and locally deforming the reconstructed shape. Its new parameterization, as compared to classical techniques, allows us to preserve its analytical representation during the fitting process. It is fitted to the object contours by means of a genetic algorithm minimizing a mean-square error criterion. Several criteria are proposed and discussed according to the stability of the optimization process, as well as the ability to efficiently initialize the model parameters. Finally, fitting results are presented for 2D and 3D data and different applications are proposed.
Performance Optimization of a 3kW Microturbine for CHP Applications (2012)

Combined heat and power (CHP) concepts for small scale distributed power generation offer significant potential for saving energy and reducing CO2 emissions. Microturbines are an interesting candidate for small CHP systems with advantages in terms of performance, size, noise and costs. MTT has developed a 3kW recuperated microturbine for micro CHP applications, using turbocharger technology for the turbomachinery. In 2010, the development towards a 12.2% efficient demonstrator has been described in [1]. The underlying paper describes the subsequent performance optimization work done to obtain the 18% turbogenerator electric efficiency target. The work included research focused on improving several components and auxiliary systems resulting in many small loss reduction steps. Combustor performance was improved and emissions reduced. Large steps were made by improving compressor and turbine performance. Compressor efficiency and pressure ratio were optimized to obtain maximum cycle efficiency. Turbine efficiency was improved by a redesign of the turbine scroll. A detailed CFD study was performed to predict compressor design adaption effects on performance. A 60° sector model was used including inlet duct, impeller (including tip clearance) and diffusor. With prescribed inlet total pressure and total temperature and by varying the outlet static pressure boundary condition, the stationary flow field has been calculated for several operating points. The calculations have been carried out for both the original design and the adapted design. Results showed that pressure ratio could be increased from 2.9 up to 3.2 using simple adaptations (from the turbocharger original design) while maintaining isentropic efficiency. Finally, results of the test program and test analysis work are presented.
Transition Metal Oxides for Organic Electronics: Energetics, Device Physics and Applications (2012)

During the last few years, transition metal oxides (TMO) such as molybdenum tri-oxide (MoO(3) ), vanadium pent-oxide (V(2) O(5) ) or tungsten tri-oxide (WO(3) ) have been extensively studied because of their exceptional electronic properties for charge injection and extraction in organic electronic devices. These unique properties have led to the performance enhancement of several types of devices and to a variety of novel applications. TMOs have been used to realize efficient and long-term stable p-type doping of wide band gap organic materials, charge-generation junctions for stacked organic light emitting diodes (OLED), sputtering buffer layers for semi-transparent devices, and organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells with improved charge extraction, enhanced power conversion efficiency and substantially improved long term stability. Energetics in general play a key role in advancing device structure and performance in organic electronics; however, the literature provides a very inconsistent picture of the electronic structure of TMOs and the resulting interpretation of their role as functional constituents in organic electronics. With this review we intend to clarify some of the existing misconceptions. An overview of TMO-based device architectures ranging from transparent OLEDs to tandem OPV cells is also given. Various TMO film deposition methods are reviewed, addressing vacuum evaporation and recent approaches for solution-based processing. The specific properties of the resulting materials and their role as functional layers in organic devices are discussed.
Recent developments in light-emitting-diode technology (1977)

This paper describes recent trends in LED technology. Emphasis is placed on the LED materials and device-fabrication technologies that have resulted in larger and brighter LED displays with a variety of colors, and on the monolithic red-emitting LED displays that are commonly employed as watch and calculator displays.
Oxygen Deficiency and Cu Valence States of Superconducting Y-Ba-Cu Oxide (1987)

The oxygen deficiency, Cu valence states and superconducting properties were analized on Y 0.4 Ba 0.6 CuO 3- x . The critical temperature and the normal-state resistivity varied depending on the change of Cu III /Cu II ratio and/or the oxygen deficiency caused by the sintering atmospheres.
Vascular system of the optic nerve head and retina in the pig. (1971)

The retinal circulation in the pig is holangiotic and is said to resemble closely that of man (Bloodworth, Gutgesell, and Engerman, I965; Duke-Elder, I958; Langenbacher, I880
Steganography Technique Based on DCT Coefficients (2014)

The least significant-bit (LSB) based techniques are very popular for steganography in spatial domain. The simplest LSB technique simply replaces the LSB in the cover image with the bits from secret information. Further advanced techniques use some criteria to identify the pixels in which LSB(s) can be replaced with the bits of secret information. In DCT based technique insertion of secret information in carrier depends on the DCT coefficients. Any DCT coefficient value above proper threshold is a potential place for insertion of secret information.
Effects of Various Sucrose Fatty Acid Ester Emulsifiers on High‐Ratio White Layer Cakes (1984)

ABSTRACT Sucrose fatty acid esters of various hydrophilic‐lipophilic balance (HLB) values were found to improve cake volume and softness as HLB increased. When present in high concentrations (1.0‐2.0% total flour wt basis), however, the sucrose ester emulsifiers caused drastic changes in surface appearance and in cake symmetry. Visual observations, amylograph data, and microscopic studies indicated that the sucrose esters delayed the pasting and gelatinization of the starch granules. There did not appear to be any synergistic effects of the sucrose esters when blended with a commercial alpha‐mono/diglyceride emulsifier.
A Mid-infrared QEPAS sensor device for TATP detection (2009)

Recent developments of external cavity quantum cascade lasers (EC-QC lasers) enable new applications in laser spectroscopy of trace gas species in the mid-infrared spectral region. We report the application of quartz enhanced photo acoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) with widely tuneable EC-QC lasers as excitation sources for chemical sensing of different species such as triacetone triperoxide (TATP). A pulsed EC-QC laser operating at v∼1120cm-1 and a cw EC-QC laser operating at v∼950cm-1 are used for the detection of the explosive TATP which is a mid infrared broad band absorber. The detection limit of our present setup is ∼1ppm TATP at atmospheric pressure.
Challenges for interdiction of nuclear threats at borders (2009)

Countries around the world are deploying radiation detection instrumentation to interdict the illegal shipment of radioactive material crossing international borders at land, rail, air, and sea ports-of-entry. These efforts include deployments in the U.S. by the Department of Homeland Security and in a number of European and Asian countries by governments and international agencies, such as the International Atomic Energy Agency. Items of concern to be interdicted include radiation dispersal devices, special nuclear material, and nuclear warheads. Radiation portal monitors are used as the main screening tool for vehicles and cargo at borders, supplemented by handheld detectors, personal radiation detectors, and x-ray imaging systems. This paper focuses on the challenges of background radiation, radionuclide identification, and interference sources to interdiction.
Piezoelectric actuation of silica-on-silicon waveguide devices (1998)

We demonstrate the feasibility of piezoelectric actuation of waveguide devices in silica-on-silicon. Relative to the commonly employed technique of thermal expansion by power dissipation in a resistive element, the piezo actuation drastically reduces drive-power consumption and improves switching time, from milliseconds to microseconds. We report experimental results using a discrete piezoelement, and discuss how the technique can be implemented with integrated technologies for the simultaneous fabrication of a large number of actuators on a wafer.
Intercalation of bentonite: Thermodynamics, kinetics, and practical applications (2007)

We have studied the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of the intercalation of lithium, potassium, magnesium, and iodine ions in chemically modified natural bentonite. X-ray diffraction data and thermodynamic analysis indicate that the Li+ intercalation leads to the formation of a continuous series of nonstoichiometric phases, except for a phase transition in the range 0.15 < x < 0.45 (where x is the mole fraction of the guest) and the formation of a new, structurally ordered phase in an almost amorphous matrix at x = 0.6. The K+ intercalation leads to the formation of a continuous series of phases, and the Mg2+ intercalation carries the system to a two-phase state over the entire composition range studied. Iodine can only be intercalated in a narrow range (<0.1 V). The rate parameters of the intercalation process indicate that the lithium and iodine systems are close in resistance to charge transport, whereas the rate of iodine diffusion is an order of magnitude faster. The present results suggest that chemically modified natural bentonite is potentially attractive as an electrode material for lithium and magnesium batteries.
Of flies and men; p53, a tumour suppressor (2004)

The completion of the Drosophila genome sequencing project [Science 287 (2000) 2185] has reconfirmed the fruit fly as a model organism to study human disease. Comparison studies have shown that two thirds of genes implicated in human cancers have counterparts in the fly [Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 11 (2001) 274; J. Cell Biol. 150 (2000) F23], including the tumour suppressor, p53. The suitability of the fruit fly to study the function of the tumour suppressor p53 is further exemplified by the lack of p53 family members within the fly genome, i.e., no homologues to p63 and p73 have been identified. Hence, there is no redundancy between family members greatly facilitating the analysis of p53 function. In addition, studying p53 in Drosophila provides an opportunity to learn about the evolution of tumour suppressors. Here, we will discuss what is known about Drosophila p53 in relation to human p53.
Treatment for mitochondrial disorders (2006)

There is currently no clear evidence supporting the use of any intervention in mitochondrial disorders. Further research is needed to establish the role of a wide range of therapeutic approaches.
Hardware-based solution detecting illegal references in real-time Java (2004)

The memory model used in the Real-Time Specification for Java (RTSJ) imposes strict assignment rules to or from memory areas preventing the creation of dangling pointers, and thus maintaining the pointer safety of Java. An implementation solution to ensure the checking of these rules before each assignment statement consists to use write barriers executing a stack-based algorithm. This paper provides a hardware-based solution for both write barriers and the stack-based algorithm.
Luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin receptors in breast cancer. (1997)

Recent studies have suggested that human choriogonadotropin (hCG), in addition to its function in regulating steroidogenesis, may also play a role as a growth factor. Immunocytochemistry using two different monoclonal antibodies (LHR29 and LHR1055) raised against the human luteinizing hormone/human chorionic gonadotropin (LH/hCG) receptor allowed us to detect this receptor in breast cancer cell lines (T47D, MCF7, and ZR75) in individual cancer biopsies and in benign breast lesions. The receptor was also present in epithelial cells of normal human and sow breast. In the latter, its concentration increased after ovulation. The presence of LH/hCG receptor mRNA was confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR using primers extending over exons 2-4, 5-11, and 9-11. The proportion of LH/hCG-receptor positive cells and the intensity of the immunolabeling varied in individual biopsies, but there was no obvious correlation with the histological type of the cancer. These results are compatible with previous studies suggesting that during pregnancy, hCG is involved in the differentiation of breast glandular epithelium and that this hormone may play an inhibitory role in mammary carcinogenesis and in the growth of breast tumors.
Science of Olfaction (1993)

At long last a book about olfaction with a psychiatric slant! Under the editors' leadership, the linkage between olfaction and cerebral function is eloquently explored. The book has three parts: historical introduction, basic science, and clinical application. Readers not involved with laboratory research may find the basic science section of little clinical utility and may wish to move on to immerse themselves in the fascinating world of clinical olfaction. The olfactory-neuropsychiatric linkage is explored within the framework of pathological states, including senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, Parkinson's disease, depression, and schizophrenia. In particularly good chapters, Bieber, Bieber, and Friedman address the genital-nasal link and Ehrlichman and Bastone outline the effect of odor on behavior and mood states. Insights from cases and studies of human subjects make this a particularly fun read. That the affective memory of odors is contextually specific is seen by
Ultrasonic bone curettage for optic canal unroofing and anterior clinoidectomy (2006)

Extradural unroofing of the optic canal and subsequent mobilization of the optic nerve is a useful technique in the surgical treatment of parasellar tumors; however, the drilling procedure itself is associated with the risk of optic nerve damage. A safer technique would certainly be beneficial. The ultrasonic bone curette is a device developed in Japan for safer bone removal. Its use in intradural anterior clinoidectomy and opening of the internal auditory meatus has been reported before. In this article the authors describe their experience in using this device for extradural unroofing of the optic canal in patients with parasellar tumors. Between March 2002 and November 2004, the aforementioned technique was used in the treatment of eight patients with parasellar tumors. After undertaking a frontotemporal craniotomy and orbital osteotomy, an ultrasonic bone curette was used to unroof the optic canal via an epidural approach; in five cases anterior clinoidectomy was added subsequently. Using an ultrasonic bone curette, unroofing of the optic canal was completed safely and required much less expertise than that required for standard drilling. The mortality and major morbidity rates were 0%. The visual function outcome was satisfactory, with the overall visual status improving in all seven patients in whom this symptom was present preoperatively. The ultrasonic bone curette makes the unroofing of the optic canal safer and easier, possibly improving the visual outcome of patients undergoing surgery for parasellar tumors.
Extended Pasting Scheme for Kolam Pattern Generation (2006)

Abstract. The theory of “Formal Languages ” had been applied successfully to study the aspect of generating patterns of the kolam folk designs. In this paper a new picture generating method by the use of pasting of tiles is presented. The generating model “Pasting Scheme ” and its variant “Extended Pasting Scheme ” are shown to generate patterns including kolams of kambi and non-kambi types and tessellations as well. 1.
Transformer-XH: Multi-Evidence Reasoning with eXtra Hop Attention (2020)

Transformers have achieved new heights modeling natural language as a sequence of text tokens. However, in many real world scenarios, textual data inherently exhibits structures beyond a linear sequence such as trees and graphs; many tasks require reasoning with evidence scattered across multiple pieces of texts. This paper presents Transformer-XH, which uses eXtra Hop attention to enable intrinsic modeling of structured texts in a fully data-driven way. Its new attention mechanism naturally “hops” across the connected text sequences in addition to attending over tokens within each sequence. Thus, Transformer-XH better conducts joint multi-evidence reasoning by propagating information between documents and constructing global contextualized representations. On multi-hop question answering, Transformer-XH leads to a simpler multi-hop QA system which outperforms previous state-of-the-art on the HotpotQA FullWiki setting. On FEVER fact verification, applying Transformer-XH provides state-of-the-art accuracy and excels on claims whose verification requires multiple evidence.