gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of capping HfO2 with multivalent oxides toward reducing the number of charged defects (2010)

Electrical properties of field-effect transistors are significantly degraded by charged defects formed in dielectric oxides. Here, we propose a simple method for eliminating charged defects in HfO2. Our computational and thermodynamic investigations have revealed that multivalent oxides act as an oxygen reservoir when deposited on HfO2, playing an important role in keeping the oxygen chemical potential constant throughout the oxide film. This is due to the coexistence of two stoichiometric phases in the multivalent oxide, which allows absorption or desorption of oxygen atoms depending on the ambient conditions. Our theory predicts europium oxide is the best capping material for minimizing oxygen-related charged defects in HfO2.
PARA EXPONER EL LUTO ESCULTORICO, LA CASA DEL LAGO VISTE DE PUREZA (1991)

TODO LO QUE HACEMOS LO HEMOS APRENDIDO DE OTROS, DIJO LUIS PALACIOS KAIM, AL HABLAR DE SU OBRA ESCULTORICA QUE SE EXHIBE EN LA GALERIA DE LA CASA DEL LAGO, Y QUE CONSTA DE 21 PIEZAS ELABORADAS EN MADERA, DONDE SOBRESALE EL EMPLEO DEL COLOR NEGRO.
Facile Oxygen Reduction on a Three‐Dimensionally Ordered Macroporous Graphitic C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/Carbon Composite Electrocatalyst (2012)

Honeycomb catalysis: a facile oxygen reduction reaction has been observed on a graphitic C(3)N(4)/carbon catalyst with three-dimensional interconnected macropores (see picture with SiO(2) template). This material not only shows catalytic activity that is comparable to that of commercial Pt/C, but also has much higher organic-fuel tolerance and long-term stability.
Geminal acylation of ketones, methodology, and applications to natural product syntheses (1994)

Kuwajima et al. reported that the Lewis acid-catalysed reaction of a ketal with 1,2-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)cyclobutene (1) followed by rearrangement of the resulting cyclobutanone derivative with trifluoroacetic acid can provide a 2,2-disubstituted 1,3-cyclopentanedione in a reasonable yield. White this transformation has been improved by several groups, we now report, contrary to the literature, the analogous reaction between ketones and 1 occurs. For many substrates addition of a small amount of water to the reaction medium after completion of the first step assisted the subsequent rearrangement to the product, such that reversion of the intermediate to the starting ketone became an insignificant process. Yields were best with cyclohexanones (&gt;90%), but steric hindrance and the presence of conjugated double bonds reduced yields considerably. This new spiro-annulation procedure has been applied to model studies towards the syntheses of fredericamycin A and a [4.3.3]-propellane. -- Model studies towards fredericamycin A began with 1-indanone. Geminal acylation with 1 followed by dehydrogenation provided the key enedione, spiro[3-cyclopentene-1,r-indan]-2,5-dione (83), which had established the key spiro center required for fredericamycin A. Our efforts concentrated on the condensation of 83 with 5,7-dimethoxy-1 (3H)~ isobenzofuranone (143). In an alternative approach, a Diels-Alder cyclization between the xylylene precursor, 3,4-bis(dibromomethyl)-1-methoxybenzene (114) and 83 was developed. -- Our studies towards the synthesis of propellanes was based on a novei intramolecular geminal acylation of a bis(trimethylsilyloxy)- cyclononene moiety (175). We had hoped that 175 could be prepared from diethyl 5-(1\\3'-dioxocyclopentane)-4-methyl-1,9-nonanedioate (174), however geminal acylation of diethyl 4-methyl-5-(1,3-dioxolan-2- yl)nonanedioate (173) with 1 provided 174 in only trace amounts. As reported from our studies on the geminal acylation of ketals and ketones with 1 we attributed this lack of reactivity to the methyl substituent. Our second approach concentrated on a symmetrical bis(trimethylsilyloxy)- nonene compound. Double Grignard addition of the organomagnesium compound derived from 5-bromo-1-pentene to an ester gave 1,10- undecadien-6-ol (177), which established the carbon skeleton required for the nonene structure. Oxidation to 1,10-undecadien-6-one (179), followed by geminal acylation with 1 afforded 2,2-bis(4'- pentenyl)cyclopentane-1,3-dione (181). Conversion of the terminal double bonds of 181 into esters gave the nonene precursor, dimethyl 5-(1',3'- dioxocyclopentane)nonane-1,9-dioate (185). Unfortunately, our attempts to effect the acyloin condensation (diester 18£i to nonene species) and the subsequent intramolecular geminal acylation were not successful.
SMARTbot: A Behavioral Analysis Framework Augmented with Machine Learning to Identify Mobile Botnet Applications (2016)

Botnet phenomenon in smartphones is evolving with the proliferation in mobile phone technologies after leaving imperative impact on personal computers. It refers to the network of computers, laptops, mobile devices or tablets which is remotely controlled by the cybercriminals to initiate various distributed coordinated attacks including spam emails, ad-click fraud, Bitcoin mining, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS), disseminating other malwares and much more. Likewise traditional PC based botnet, Mobile botnets have the same operational impact except the target audience is particular to smartphone users. Therefore, it is import to uncover this security issue prior to its widespread adaptation. We propose SMARTbot, a novel dynamic analysis framework augmented with machine learning techniques to automatically detect botnet binaries from malicious corpus. SMARTbot is a component based off-device behavioral analysis framework which can generate mobile botnet learning model by inducing Artificial Neural Networks' back-propagation method. Moreover, this framework can detect mobile botnet binaries with remarkable accuracy even in case of obfuscated program code. The results conclude that, a classifier model based on simple logistic regression outperform other machine learning classifier for botnet apps' detection, i.e 99.49% accuracy is achieved. Further, from manual inspection of botnet dataset we have extracted interesting trends in those applications. As an outcome of this research, a mobile botnet dataset is devised which will become the benchmark for future studies.
Design of a beam transport system for a proton radiation therapy facility (1999)

A new beam transport system has been designed to bring the 210 MeV proton beam from the Indiana University Cyclotron to four proton therapy treatment rooms.The main trunk line will be achromatic and employ a fast beam splitting system to allow treatments simultaneously in different treatment areas.To enhance flexibility of operation, each treatment room will have its own energy degrader and energy selection system.There will be two treatment rooms with a fixed horizontal beam line.The first will be an upgrade to our current eye treatment facility and the second will be designed for head, neck, and brain treatments including stereotactic radiosurgery.In addition, there will be two rooms with iso-centric gantries for more complex multi-port treatments.
Defective zonae pellucidae in <i>Zp2</i>-null mice disrupt folliculogenesis, fertility and development (2001)

All vertebrate eggs are surrounded by an extracellular matrix. This matrix is known as the zona pellucida in mammals and is critically important for the survival of growing oocytes, successful fertilization and the passage of early embryos through the oviduct. The mouse zona pellucida is composed of three glycoproteins (ZP1, ZP2 and ZP3), each encoded by a single copy gene. Using targeted mutagenesis in embryonic stem cells, Zp2-null mouse lines have been established. ZP1 and ZP3 proteins continue to be synthesized and form a thin zona matrix in early follicles that is not sustained in pre-ovulatory follicles. The abnormal zona matrix does not affect initial folliculogenesis, but there is a significant decrease in the number of antral stage follicles in ovaries isolated from mice lacking a zona pellucida. Few eggs are detected in the oviduct after stimulation with gonadotropins, and no two-cell embryos are recovered after mating Zp2-null females with normal male mice. The structural defect is more severe than that observed in Zp1-null mice, which have decreased fecundity, but not quite as severe as that observed in Zp3-null mice, which never form a visible zona pellucida and are sterile. Although zona-free oocytes matured and fertilized in vitro can progress to the blastocyst stage, the developmental potential of blastocysts derived from either Zp2- or Zp3-null eggs appears compromised and, after transfer to foster mothers, live births have not been observed. Thus, in addition to its role in fertilization and protection of early embryos, these data are consistent with the zona pellucida maintaining interactions between granulosa cells and oocytes during folliculogenesis that are critical to maximize developmental competence of oocytes.
Unsupervised Learning and Grammar Induction (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Overview Computational Learning Theory Empirical Learning Unsupervised Grammar Induction and Human Language Acquisition Conclusion Notes
Design and simulation of a speech analysis-synthesis system based on short-time Fourier analysis (1973)

This paper discusses the theoretical basis for representation of a speech signal by its short-time Fourier transform. The results of the theoretical studies were used to design a speech analysis-synthesis system which was simulated on a general-purpose laboratory digital computer system. The simulation uses the fast Fourier transform in the analysis stage and specially designed finite duration impulse response filters in the synthesis stage. The results of both the theoretical and computational studies lead to an understanding of the effect of several design parameters and elucidate the design tradeoffs necessary to achieve moderate information rate reductions.
Cross-Resistance of <i>Escherichia coli</i> RNA Polymerases Conferring Rifampin Resistance to Different Antibiotics (2005)

In this study we further defined the rifampin-binding sites in Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (RNAP) and determined the relationship between rifampin-binding sites and the binding sites of other antibiotics, including two rifamycin derivatives, rifabutin and rifapentine, and streptolydigin and sorangicin A, which are unrelated to rifampin, using a purified in vitro system. We found that there is almost a complete correlation between resistance to rifampin (Rif(r)) and reduced rifampin binding to 12 RNAPs purified from different rpoB Rif(r) mutants and a complete cross-resistance among the different rifamycin derivatives. Most Rif(r) RNAPs were sensitive to streptolydigin, although some exhibited weak resistance to this antibiotic. However, 5 out of the 12 Rif(r) RNAPs were partially resistant to sorangicin A, and one was completely cross-resistant to sorangicin A, indicating that the binding site(s) for these two antibiotics overlaps. Both rifampin and sorangicin A inhibited the transition step between transcription initiation and elongation; however, longer abortive initiation products were produced in the presence of the latter, indicating that the binding site for sorangicin A is within the rifampin-binding site. Competition experiments of different antibiotics with (3)H-labeled rifampin for binding to wild-type RNAP further confirmed that the binding sites for rifampin, rifabutin, rifapentine, and sorangicin A are shared, whereas the binding sites for rifampin and streptolydigin are distinct. Because Rif(r) mutations are highly conserved in eubacteria, our results indicate that this set of Rif(r) mutant RNAPs can be used to screen for new antibiotics that will inhibit the growth of Rif(r) pathogenic bacteria.
Growth Kinematics of a Polysilicon Trench Refill Process (1986)

Growth kinematics of a polysilicon refill process are described. The process employs a LPCVD polysilicon nucleating film over insulators to achieve fast and reproducible polysilicon refills. The bulk of the refill is carried out using a reaction at 1000°C at atmospheric pressure. The kinematics of the refill growth process have been studied as a function of time and trench width and are discussed.
Breeding Diploid Alfalfa for Regeneration from Tissue Culture (1989)

Plant regeneration is necessary for most agricultural applications of tissue culture. Regeneration of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) from tissue culture has focused primarily on tetraploid genotypes (2 n = 4 x = 32). The simplified genetics of the diploid (2 n = 2 x = 16), however, is desirable for many aspects of alfalfa biotechnology. This study reports on the development of a diploid alfalfa population, Regen‐2 x , that contains a high frequency of regenerable genotypes. Genes controlling regeneration were originally identified in five tetraploid individuals and were transferred to the diploid level using haploidy and triploid bridge crosses. The frequencies of alleles controlling regeneration were then increased by two cycles of recurrent selection. The original seed‐derived plants, which had served as donors for tissue culture and were capable of regeneration, were recombined in each cycle. This breeding strategy prevented the accumulation of somaclonal variation in the population while increasing the frequency of individuals able to regenerate from tissue culture. Ten percent of the base diploid population (Cycle 0) regenerated. Recurrent selection significantly (P < 0.025) increased the frequency of regenerating individuals to 33% and then 66% in Cycle 1 and 2, respectively. These data support the results of other studies that indicate regeneration from tissue culture is controlled by relatively few genes.
Design and Analysis of a Multiphase Turbine for Compact Gas-Liquid Separation (2002)

Summary The rotary separator turbine (RST) uses unique technology to provide compact separation of oil and gas while recovering energy wasted in conventional pressure-reduction operations. The technology has been used for industrial refrigeration and geothermal applications since the early 1980s and has recently finished a field evaluation and assessment on a deepwater, tension-leg platform (TLP) in the Gulf of Mexico. The focus of this paper is to cover the operating principles and mechanisms of multiphase turbine technology and the design parameters for installation as a separation or power-generation system in new developments or in debottlenecking applications. Operational experience pertaining to separation efficiency, mechanical reliability, and power output in a live-fluid environment are highlighted.
Spectrum sensing and resource allocation for multicarrier cognitive radio systems under interference and power constraints (2014)

Multicarrier waveforms have been commonly recognized as strong candidates for cognitive radio. In this paper, we study the dynamics of spectrum sensing and spectrum allocation functions in cognitive radio context using very practical signal models for the primary users (PUs), including the effects of power amplifier nonlinearities. We start by sensing the spectrum with energy detection-based wideband multichannel spectrum sensing algorithm and continue by investigating optimal resource allocation methods. Along the way, we examine the effects of spectral regrowth due to the inevitable power amplifier nonlinearities of the PU transmitters. The signal model includes frequency selective block-fading channel models for both secondary and primary transmissions. Filter bank-based wideband spectrum sensing techniques are applied for detecting spectral holes and filter bank-based multicarrier (FBMC) modulation is selected for transmission as an alternative multicarrier waveform to avoid the disadvantage of limited spectral containment of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)-based multicarrier systems. The optimization technique used for the resource allocation approach considered in this study utilizes the information obtained through spectrum sensing and knowledge of spectrum leakage effects of the underlying waveforms, including a practical power amplifier model for the PU transmitter. This study utilizes a computationally efficient algorithm to maximize the SU link capacity with power and interference constraints. It is seen that the SU transmission capacity depends critically on the spectral containment of the PU waveform, and these effects are quantified in a case study using an 802.11-g WLAN scenario.
DAP12-mediated Signal Transduction in Natural Killer Cells (1998)

The murine Ly49 family contains nine genes in two subgroups: the inhibitory receptors (Ly49A, B, C, E, F, G2, and I) and the noninhibitory receptors (Ly49D and H). Unlike their inhibitory counterparts, Ly49D and H do not contain immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs but associate with a recently described co-receptor, DAP12, to transmit positive signals to natural killer (NK) cells. DAP12 is also expressed in myeloid cells, but the receptors coupled to it there are unknown. Here we document the signaling pathways of the Ly49D/DAP12 complex in NK cells. We show that ligation of Ly49D results in 1) tyrosine phosphorylation of several substrates, including phospholipase Cgamma1, Cbl, and p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and 2) calcium mobilization. Moreover, we demonstrate that although human DAP12 reportedly binds the SH2 domains of both Syk and Zap-70, ligation of Ly49D leads to activation of Syk but not Zap-70. Consistent with this observation, Ly49D/DAP12-mediated calcium mobilization is blocked by dominant negative Syk but not by catalytically inactive Zap-70. These data demonstrate the dependence of DAP12-coupled receptors on Syk and suggest that the outcome of Ly49D/DAP12 engagement will be regulated by Cbl and culminate in the activation of transcription factors.
332. Synthetic antimalarials. Part XXVIII. An alternative route to N 1-aryl-N 5-alkyldiguanides (1948)

F. H. S. Curd, J. A. Hendry, T. S. Kenny, A. G. Murray and F. L. Rose, J. Chem. Soc., 1948, 1630 DOI: 10.1039/JR9480001630
Triphasic Norgestimate-Ethinyl Estradiol for Treating Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (2000)

In Brief Objective To compare the efficacy of a triphasic combination oral contraceptive (OC) containing norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol (E2) and placebo in the treatment of metrorrhagic, menometrorrhagic, oligomenorrheic, and polymenorrheic dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB). Methods In this multicenter, randomized, double-masked study, 201 women (15–50 years of age) with DUB received triphasic norgestimate-ethinyl E2 or placebo, for three consecutive 28-day treatment cycles. Efficacy was determined by evaluating investigator and subject assessments of DUB resolution, abnormal uterine bleeding patterns during an 84-day reference period, and change from baseline in subjects' quality of life. The sample size was based on the assumption that the proportions of subjects exhibiting treatment success (percentage of subjects with investigator and subject overall assessments of DUB resolution of “improved”) were 65% for the active group and 40% for the placebo group (α = 0.05, 1 − β = 0.80). Results More than 80% of subjects receiving triphasic norgestimate-ethinyl E2 had improvements in their abnormal bleeding patterns as assessed by investigators, and the subjects themselves compared with fewer than 50% of subjects in the placebo treatment group (P < .001). Abnormal bleeding patterns were reported by significantly fewer subjects receiving triphasic norgestimate-ethinyl E2 than in the placebo treatment group (P < .001). Change from baseline in physical functioning (eg, self-care, walking, lifting, exercising) was significantly more improved in the triphasic norgestimate-ethinyl E2 group than in the placebo group. Conclusion The triphasic combination of norgestimate and ethinyl E2 is an effective treatment for metrorrhagic, menometrorrhagic, oligomenorrheic, and polymenorrheic dysfunctional uterine bleeding. The triphasic combination oral contraceptive containing norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol was effective in the treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding.
<i>In vitro</i> study on influence of nano particles of CuO on CA1 pyramidal neurons of rat hippocampus potassium currents (2008)

The effects of nano particles of CuO on voltage-dependent potassium currents were studied in acutely isolated CA1 pyramidal neurons of rat hippocampus using the whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. Nano particles of CuO had small effects on transient outward potassium current (I(A), no statistical significance) and mainly inhibited delayed rectifier potassium current (I(K)) in the concentration of 5 x 10(-5) g/mL. Nano particles of CuO didn't shift the steady-state activation curve of I(K) and I(A) but negatively shifted the inactivation curve of I(K). The effects on inactivation curve of I(A) had no statistical significance. These results suggested that blockades of K+ currents by nano particles of CuO could be preferential for I(k) for the first time. This may interfere with the normal function of nerve cells.
Power of One Bit: Increasing Error Correction Capability with Data Inversion (2013)

Phase-change memory (PCM) has emerged as a candidate that overcomes the physical limitations faced by DRAM and NAND flash memory. While PCM has desirable properties in terms of scalability and energy, it suffers from limited endurance. Repeated writes cause PCM cells to wear out and get permanently stuck at either 0 or 1. Recovering from stuck-at faults through a proactive error correction scheme is essential for the widespread adoption of PCM. In this paper, we propose data inversion as a practical technique to increase the number of faults that an error correction code can cover. Since stuck-at cells can still be read, errors are manifested only when a worn-out cell is programmed with a bit value different than the value it is stuck at. After a write operation fails for a given block of data, data inversion attempts another write operation with all original data bits inverted. Inverting the data is likely to bring the number of errors within the nominal capability of the deployed error correction code. Requiring only one additional auxiliary bit, data inversion can double the capability of an error correction code and extends the lifetime by up to 34.5%.
Average and super structure of<i>β</i>eucryptite (LiAlSiO<sub>4</sub>) Part I. Average structure* (1972)

β eucryptite, Li 2 O · Al 2 O 3 · 2SiO 2 , has a high-quartz-like structure. It crystallizes in the space group P 6 2 22. X-ray diffraction photographs of single crystals show, besides the main reflections of a high-quartz-like subcell, superstructure reflections which lead to doubling of the lattice constants of the subcell. The intensities of the main reflections were used to investigate the average structure and its likeness to the ideal high-quartz structure, which was used as the starting model for the structure refinement. The Li atoms are located in the main channels parallel to the c axis. They are coordinated by four oxygen atoms. The “thermal” vibrational ellipsoid of the oxygen atoms shows an unusually large main axis of 0.2 Å, due to the superstructure (cf. part II). The mean (Si, Al) –O distance is 1.68 Å, the final unweighted R value is 0.050.