gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New High Power LiNi<sub>0.81</sub>Co<sub>0.1</sub>Al<sub>0.09</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Cathode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries (2014)

Among the various Ni‐based layered oxide systems in the form of LiNi 1‐ y ‐ z Co y Al z O 2 (NCA), the compostions between y = 0.1–0.15, z = 0.05 are the most successful and commercialized cathodes used in electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). However, tremendous research effort has been dedicted to searching for better composition in NCA systems to overcome the limitations of these cathodes, particularly those that arise when they are used use at high discharge/charge rates (>5C) and in high temperature (60 °C) environments. In addition, improving the thermal stability at 4.5 V is also very important in terms of the total amount of heat generated and the onset temperature. Here, a new NCA composition in the form of LiNi 0.81 Co 0.1 Al 0.09 O 2 ( y = 0.1, z = 0.09) is reported for the first time. Compared to the LiNi 0.85 Co 0.1 Al 0.05 O 2 cathode, LiNi 0.81 Co 0.1 Al 0.09 O 2 exhibits an excellent rate capability of 155 mAh g −1 at 10 C with a cut‐off voltage range between 3 and 4.5 V, corresponding to 562 Wh kg −1 at 24 °C. It additionally provides significantly improved thermal stability and electrochemical performance at the high temperature of 60 °C, with a discharge capacity of 122 mAh g −1 after 200 cycles with capacity retention of 59%.
Aggregation of feline lymphoma cells by hyaluronic acid (1973)

Abstract Addition of media from cultured human sarcoma or glioma cells to cultures of suspended feline lymphoma cells (established line FL 74) induced visible aggregation of the lymphoma cells within a few minutes. A number of other normal and malignant cells, including a series of human lymphoid cells, failed to aggregate under identical conditions. The aggregation process showed no temperature dependence, within a range of 4° C to 37° C, and did not require divalent metal ions. The cell‐aggregating factor was heat‐stable and resistant to digestion with trypsin. It was identified as hyaluronic acid on the basis of its macromolecular and polyelectrolyte properties in conjunction with its susceptibility to various enzymes. A standard preparation of hyaluronic acid induced aggregation of suspended FL 74 cells at concentrations of 30 ng /ml or more. Chondroitin sulphate, chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan, dermatan sulphate, heparan sulphate and heparin did not aggregate the cells, nor did partially depolymerized hyaluronic acid. Pretreatment of the FL 74 target cells with trypsin abolished their clumping ability, implying the presence of a trypsin‐sensitive receptor at the cell surface. Trypsinized and washed cells regained their aggregation properties with hyaluronic acid within a 24 h period in continued culture. The interaction of hyaluronic acid with its receptor was studied by inhibition experiments, in which FL 74 cells were subjected to hyaluronic acid after preincubation with various oligosaccharides. Tetra‐ and hexasaccharides, derived from either hyaluronic acid or chondroitin sulphate, were able to prevent aggregation of the cells by polymeric hyaluronic acid.
A Synthesis of Unsymmetric Porphyrin Dimers (1989)

Abstract A new synthetic method of porphyrins via bis(hydroxymethyl)dipyrromethanes is described. This new method can be utilized for preparation of several unsymmetric porphyrin dimers.
Effect of Phosphate Concentration on the Corrosion of Iron in Water—Polyethylene Glycol Mixtures (2005)

Various electrochemical measurement techniques (polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy [EIS], and electrochemical quartz microbalance [EQCM]) and accelerated corrosion tests were used to show that phosphates can be used as iron corrosion inhibitors in 20% polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) solutions. Their action mechanisms were found to modify the anodic behavior of the iron. In solutions with low-phosphate concentrations (&lt;5 × 10–3 M), an iron oxide film formed, as in the case of aqueous solutions. But this oxide film did not provide protection and pitting occurred. At a phosphate concentration of 5 × 10–3 M or more, the iron was protected but by a film that was different from the one observed in aqueous solutions. A deposit, composed of PEG and phosphates, adsorbed preferentially on the anodic sites of the iron.
Understanding microchannel culture: parameters involved in soluble factor signaling (2007)

While the importance of autocrine-paracrine signaling in vivo is clear, the ability to study the effects of secreted endogenous factors in vitro is hampered by canonical culture platforms. In multi-well plates, the large air-liquid interface gives rise to convective flows that continually mix the fluid disrupting the local diffusion-based accumulation. Simple microchannels provide a more controlled microenvironment that can be used to study secreted factor effects. Here, we utilize microchannel culture to examine basic culture parameters and their interactions using normal mammary gland epithelial cells (NMuMG). The following parameters were studied: (1) cell density (80 vs. 240 cells mm(-2)), (2) exogenous growth factors (epidermal growth factor [EGF] vs. fetal bovine serum), (3) medium change frequency (1 h, 4 h, 12 h), and (4) culture platform (microchannels vs. 96-well plates). The cells exhibited increased growth rates in microchannels as compared to 96-well plates. Cell proliferation increased as the frequency of media change decreased. For the microchannel geometries used, important threshold concentrations were reached in a few hours. In aggregate, the results indicate that the function of the four factors and their interactions on NMuMG growth are spatially and temporally related by molecular diffusion in the controlled microchannel space. The convective-free microchannel environment may prove useful for studying soluble factor signaling in vitro, and to test models and predictions of autocrine-paracrine signaling.
Locomotion of Broiler Chickens in Floor Pens (1990)

Locomotion has a major effect on production and animal welfare as it relates to feed and water acquisition, feed utilization, carcass quality, health, and physical vigor. The locomotor abilities of the broiler are also important considerations in pen design and placement of feed and water dispensers. To study the locomotion of broiler chickens and the effect stocking density has on locomotion, eight groups of broiler chickens were observed in an experimental floor pen (1.2 by 1.7 m). A Videomex V Image Motion Computer was used to determine the distance traveled and the frame-by-frame (30 frames per s) location of a focal bird. Four densities (660, 790, 990, and 1320 cm2 per bird) were tested, one on each day of the 4-day recording period for each group of birds. Broiler chickens were active throughout the day and traveled an average distance of 8.8 m per h or 212 m per day. Increasing housing density reduced the distance traveled (10, 8.8, 8.5, and 8.1 m per h for 1,320, 990, 790, and 660 cm2 per bird, respectively) but did not affect the average number of visits to the feeders (4 per h) and water cups (2 per h). The focal birds used the total space provided during the day, indicating that they were not consistently socially restricted to certain areas of the pen.
Hardening mechanism associated with additional heat treatment after degassing treatment by various cooling rates in a metal-ceramic alloy of Pd-Au-Ag system (2015)

Hardening mechanism associated with additional heat treatment after degassing treatment by various cooling rates in a metal-ceramic alloy of Pd-Au-Ag system was investigated. For this, surface hardness test, field emission scanning electron microscopic observations, X-ray diffraction analysis and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer analysis were conducted. From the results of surface hardness changes during cooling specimen at various cooling rates after degassing treatment, the lowest hardness value which was obtained in the ice quenched specimen was caused by homogenization during degassing treatment. Precipitation hardening occurred effectively at slow cooling rate (stages 2, 3) after degassing treatment. In the ice quenched specimen after degassing treatment, hardening occurred remarkably by precipitation during additional heat treatment. However, increase in surface hardness by additional heat treatment did not occur in the specimen which was cooled by controlled cooling rate after degassing treatment.
POSTINJURY NEUTROPHIL PRIMING AND ACTIVATION STATES (1995)

Both hyperactivity and hypoactivity of neutrophils (PMNs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of postinjury multiple organ failure. In this paper, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of PMN O2- production are reviewed. In addition, relevant research laboratory techniques for measuring both intracellular and extracellular O2- release are outlined. In a pilot study PMN O2- release in response to a battery of PMN agonists was determined, and four functional states of the NADPH were defined: resting, primed, activated, and unresponsive. PMNs from normal adult volunteers are in the resting state. In contrast, PMNs from patients with severe torso trauma are primed and activated in the first 24 h postinjury, but, after 48 h, become unresponsive to both receptor-dependent (platelet activating factor and N-formyl-methyl-leucyl-phenylalanine) and receptor-independent (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) activation. The ability to identify at-risk patients and provide a rationale for ameliorating PMN-mediated tissue injury in patients with hyperinflammation syndromes are discussed. In addition, the importance of identifying patients with PMNs that are unresponsive, and the necessity for increasing PMN function in these patients in order to reduce the risk of sepsis, are also discussed.
TapLock: Exploit finger tap events for enhancing attack resilience of smartphone passwords (2015)

In this paper, we present TapLock as a smartphone password system that exploits the finger tap events on capacitive touch screens for increasing the password's resilience to shoulder-surfing attacks (where the password input by a user can be easily observed by a bystander over the user's shoulder). TapLock captures the size and the axis length of the finger touch area on the phone screen for creating a password, which cannot be easily observed by a shoulder surfer. Our user study shows that TapLock has several advantages over existing smartphone password systems, including its strong attack resilience, small authentication delay, and haptic input feedback that improves the usability.
In vitro selection of murine B16 melanoma variants with enhanced tissue-invasive properties. (1980)

New assay methods have been devised to quantitate tumor cell invasion of tissues of differing histological complexity maintained as organ cultures in vitro (chorioallantoic membrane of chicken, mouse urinary bladder, and canine blood vessel. In addition to quantitating tumor cell invasion, these methods also allow recovery of invasive cells for comparison with noninvasive cells. These methods have been used to select variant sublines from murine B16-F1 and B16-F10 melanoma lines that display significantly greater tissue-invasive abilities than the parent lines. B16 variant sublines selected in vitro for increased invasiveness through the bladder wall or vein also show a significant increase in their ability to form spontaneous and experimental metastases in vivo. In contrast, cells from the same parent cell line selected for increased invasiveness through the chorioallantoic membrane do not show significant alterations in metastatic behavior. We conclude that invasive variants can be isolated from the parent B16 tumor by several in vitro methods and that the level of expression of the invasive phenotype in vivo may be determined by the severity of the selection procedure in vitro.
Ciliostimulatory Effects Mediated by Nitric Oxide (1999)

Ciliostimulation induced by various transmitters has been suggested to be mediated by the release of nitric oxide (NO). Freshly obtained adenoid tissue explants were pre-treated with the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor N(G)-nitro L-arginine (L-NNA), to determine whether the ciliostimulators terbutaline, methacholine, substance P, and endothelin-1 require the release of NO to increase ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in vitro. The L-NNA pre-treatment affected the change in CBF induced by each of the ciliostimulators tested. To determine whether cyclic nucleotides also stimulate CBF by inducing the release of NO, an extra series of experiments were performed with dibutyryl cAMP and dibutyryl cGMP, and L-NNA pre-treatment. In contrast to the experiments with the various ciliostimulators, both dibutyryl cAMP and dibutyryl cGMP exerted ciliostimulatory effects that could not be inhibited by L-NNA. The present findings suggest that NO acts as an intermediate messenger in the ciliated epithelium in response to various transmitters and mediators. On the other hand, pre-treatment with the NOS inhibitor L-NNA did not affect ciliary response to the second messengers cAMP and cGMP, thus suggesting that NO dependent mechanisms do not constitute the sole pathway for the stimulation of ciliary function.
Development of an efficient maintenance and screening system for large‐insert genomic DNA libraries of hexaploid wheat in a transformation‐competent artificial chromosome (TAC) vector (2000)

Three large-insert genomic DNA libraries of common wheat, Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring, were constructed in a newly developed transformation-competent artificial chromosome (TAC) vector, pYLTAC17, which accepts and maintains large genomic DNA fragments stably in both Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The vector contains the cis sequence required for Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer into grasses. The average insert sizes of the three genomic libraries were approximately 46, 65 and 120 kbp, covering three haploid genome equivalents. Genomic libraries were stored as frozen cultures in a 96-well format, each well containing approximately 300-600 colonies (12 plates for small library, four for medium-size library and four for large library). In each of the libraries, approximately 80% of the colonies harbored genomic DNA inserts of >50 kbp. TAC clones containing gene(s) of interest were identified by the pooled PCR technique. Once the target TAC clones were isolated, they could be immediately transferred into grass genomes with the Agrobacterium system. Five clones containing the thionin type I genes (single copy per genome), corresponding to each of the three genomes (A, B and D), were successfully selected by the pooled PCR method, in addition to an STS marker (aWG464; single copy per genome) and CAB (a multigene family). TAC libraries constructed as described here can be used to isolate genomic clones containing target genes, and to carry out genome walking for positional cloning.
Increased foxp3+ regulatory T cells predicts for superior relapse-free and overall survival in early stage hepatocelullar carcinoma (2007)

4642 Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) endemic in Asia is aggressive and mainly hepatitis B-related. In ovarian and breast cancer, higher levels of foxp3+ regulatory T cells predicts for a poorer clinical outcome. The reverse is true with follicular lymphoma and Hodgkin’s disease. We hypothesize that foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T lymphocyte (Treg) frequency predicts for clinical outcome in HCC. We also examined the recently identified IL17-producing, RORγt-expressing, CD4+ pathogenic Th17 cells in HCC. Methods: We analyzed Treg cells (n=116) and CD8+ T cells (n=24) expression by CD3/Foxp3 double immunoenzymatic using a anti-Foxp3 murine monoclonal antibody (Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Oxford University, UK) and CD3/CD8 double immunofluorescence, respectively. Treg cells and CD8 cells expression were reported as a percentage of CD3+ T cells. RORγt (for Th17) and Foxp3 mRNA were measured using real-time PCR. Results: Median age (n=116) was 62 years, 65.5% were hepatitis B+ (n=76), 4.3% were hepatitis C+ (n=5), 1.7% were both hepatitis B+ and C+ (n=2) and 28.4% were not virus-related (n=33). Treg numbers were significantly higher in all 116 HCC (median 9.3% of CD3+ T cells) compared to paired adjacent liver (median 1.9%) (p<0.001). Conversely, CD8 + T cell numbers were significantly lower in 24 HCC (median 21.1%) vs paired liver (median 49.5%) (p<0.001). Stage 1 and II HCC patients (n=24) with superior overall survival (= 6 years) compared with stage I and II patients (n=29) with inferior survival (≤ 1 year) had a significantly higher Treg frequency (median 10.9% versus 8.4%) (p=0.035). Stage I and II HCC patients (n=66) who were relapse-free at ≥ 1 year vs Stage I and II HCC patients (n=21) who were relapse-free at ≤ 0.5 years had higher Treg frequency (median 10.2% vs 6.8%) (p = 0.005). Hepatitis B+ HCC patients (n=76) had significantly higher Treg (median 10.2%) compared to non-viral associated HCC patients (n=33) (p=0.013). No correlation was seen between ROR and foxp3 mRNA. ROR mRNA was over-expressed (> 1 fold) in 20 (54%) HCC (analysis ongoing). Conclusions: Treg expression was significantly higher in HCC compared to paired liver. Increased Treg frequency predicts for a superior relapse-free and overall survival in HCC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Field Experiments in Lincolnshire on the Chemical Treatment of Soil infected with <i>Heterodera schachtii</i> (1937)

This communication is concerned with the field trials of substances which in previous small-scale experiments had shown promise of controlling “potatò-sickness” when they were mixed with infected soil.
Genetic and environmental influence on asthma: a population-based study of 11,688 Danish twin pairs (1999)

The aim of this study was to estimate the relative influence of genetic and environmental factors on the aetiology of asthma. The classic twin study design was used to analyse data on self-reported asthma obtained by a questionnaire mailed to 34,076 individuals, aged 12-41 yrs and originating from the Danish Twin Register. The cumulative incidence of asthma was 6.2% in the pooled sample. The data showed a decreasing cumulative incidence with age for males, but no sex or zygosity difference was observed. Substantially higher concordance rates, odds ratios and correlations for asthma were estimated in the monozygotic than in the dizygotic twins. Using biometric modelling, a model including additive genetic and nonshared environmental effects provided the best overall fit to the data. According to this model, 73% of the variation in liability to asthma was explained by genetic factors. No sex difference or age-dependency in the magnitude of genetic effects was observed. The biometric analysis emphasized a major influence of genetic factors in the aetiology of asthma. However, a substantial part of the variation in liability to asthma is due to the impact of environmental factors specific to the individual. There is no evidence for a substantial impact of genetic dominance or the shared environment.
New Method for Determination of Alkylating Agents in Biologic Fluids (1965)

Abstract An accurate, reproducible colorimetric method for determining minute amounts of alkylating agents in biologic fluids has been developed. Utilizing this method, we have been able to detect less than 0.1 µg. of nitrogen mustard (HN2), or Thio-TEPA in 1 ml. of plasma, lymph, urine, or tissue homogenate. The biologic fluid was deproteinized with zinc sulfate, barium hydroxide, and methanol; the supernatant was used to alkylate γ-(4-nitrobenzyl) pyridine (NBP) under optimum conditions. The color of the quaternary pyridinium NBP derivative was extracted into ethyl acetate and read on a Beckman DU spectrophotometer utilizing microcells.
THE PREPARATION OF SOME C-ALKYLMORPHOLINES<sup>1</sup> (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE PREPARATION OF SOME C-ALKYLMORPHOLINES1D. L. COTTLE, A. E. JELTSCH, T. H. STOUDT, and D. R. WALTERSCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1946, 11, 3, 286–291Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1946https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01173a012RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views400Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (453 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Fast Compressed Tries through Path Decompositions (2012)

Tries are popular data structures for storing a set of strings, where common prefixes are represented by common root-to-node paths. Over fifty years of usage have produced many variants and implementations to overcome some of their limitations. We explore new succinct representations of path-decomposed tries and experimentally evaluate the corresponding reduction in space usage and memory latency, comparing with the state of the art. We study two cases of applications: (1) a compressed dictionary for (compressed) strings, and (2) a monotone minimal perfect hash for strings that preserves their lexicographic order. For (1), we obtain data structures that outperform other state-of-the-art compressed dictionaries in space efficiency, while obtaining predictable query times that are competitive with data structures preferred by the practitioners. In (2), our tries perform several times faster than other trie-based monotone perfect hash functions, while occupying nearly the same space.
Hydride Transfer by Hydrido Transition‐Metal Complexes. Ionic Hydrogenation of Aldehydes and Ketones, and Structural Characterization of an Alcohol Complex (1992)

The rate-determining step in the hydrogenation of aldehydes or ketones by hydrido complexes and acids appears to be the hydride transfer from the complex to the protonated carbonyl compound. The resulting alcohol is initially bound as ligand, as confirmed by an X-ray crystal structure analysis of the alcohol complex 1.
A framework for ultra high resolution 3D imaging (2010)

We present an imaging framework to acquire 3D surface scans at ultra high-resolutions (exceeding 600 samples per mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). Our approach couples a standard structured-light setup and photometric stereo using a large-format ultra-high-resolution camera. While previous approaches have employed similar hybrid imaging systems to fuse positional data with surface normals, what is unique to our approach is the significant asymmetry in the resolution between the low-resolution geometry and the ultra-high-resolution surface normals. To deal with these resolution differences, we propose a multi-resolution surface reconstruction scheme that propagates the low-resolution geometric constraints through the different frequency bands while gradually fusing in the high-resolution photometric stereo data. In addition, to deal with the ultra-high-resolution images, our surface reconstruction is performed in a patch-wise fashion and additional boundary constraints are used to ensure patch coherence. Based on this multi-resolution reconstruction scheme, our imaging framework can produce 3D scans that show exceptionally detailed 3D surfaces far exceeding existing technologies.