gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification and Characterization of a Chitinase Antigen from <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Strain 385 (2001)

A chitinase antigen has been identified in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 385 using sera from animals immunized with a whole-cell vaccine. The majority of the activity was shown to be in the cytoplasm, with some activity in the membrane fraction. The chitinase was not secreted into the culture medium. Purification of the enzyme was achieved by exploiting its binding to crab shell chitin. The purified enzyme had a molecular mass of 58 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and a pI of 5.2. NH2-terminal amino acid sequencing revealed two sequences of M(I/L)RID and (Q/M/V)AREDAAAAM that gave an exact match to sequences in a translated putative open reading frame from the P. aeruginosa genome. The chitinase was active against chitin azure, ethylene glycol chitin, and colloidal chitin. It did not display any lysozyme activity. Using synthetic 4-methylumbelliferyl chitin substrates, it was shown to be an endochitinase. The Km and kcat for 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-N,N'-diacetylchitobiose were 4.28 mM and 1.7 s(-1) respectively, and for 4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-N,N',N"-triacetylchitotriose, they were 0.48 mM and 0.16 s(-1) respectively. The pH optimum was determined to be pH 6.75, and 90% activity was maintained over the pH range 6.5 to 7.1. The enzyme was stable over the pH range 5 to 10 for 3 h and to temperatures up to 50 degrees C for 30 min. The chitinase bound strongly to chitin, chitin azure, colloidal chitin, lichenan, and cellulose but poorly to chitosan, xylan, and heparin. It is suggested that the chitinase functions primarily as a chitobiosidase, removing chitobiose from the nonreducing ends of chitin and chitin oligosaccharides.
THE DECOMPOSITION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES AND PRESSURES<sup>1,2</sup> (1928)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE DECOMPOSITION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES AND PRESSURES1,2Lee R. Herndon and E. Emmet ReidCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1928, 50, 11, 3066–3073Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1928Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1928https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01398a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01398a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views453Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
In-Situ Real-Time Fuel Consumption Measurement Using Raw Exhaust Flow Meter and Zirconia AFR Sensor (2013)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Fuel efficiency is one of the most important parameters in advanced vehicles. Therefore, the measurement of fuel consumption in-situ and in real-time is obviously demanded in development and evaluation processes of new engines and vehicles. This paper describes a new concept for measuring fuel consumption in real-time, which utilizing raw exhaust gas flow rate and exhaust air-to-fuel ratio (AFR). The AFR is defined as the mass ratio of air and fuel supplied to the engine, and the mass flow rate of exhaust gas can be regarded as the summation of the mass flow rate of air and fuel. This means the fuel consumption can be calculated from exhaust flow rate and AFR.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">To realize in-situ, real-time measurement, we used an ultrasonic exhaust flow meter which can measure a wide flow range accurately with no pressure loss, and a fast response zirconia sensor which can be installed onto the exhaust pipe directly without any sampling system. This exhaust flow-AFR method has the advantage that the real-time fuel consumption can be easily obtained without delay time by these in-situ measuring devices which can be installed at the almost same location.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Integrated fuel consumption by this method showed good correlations with conventional methods, i.e. the carbon balance method and the fuel flow method. Furthermore, in the transient tests including engine start and fuel cutting operation, it showed sufficient response for real-time analysis. The results suggest that this method has a significant potential for measuring fuel consumption in-situ and in real-time.</div></div>
Structural Basis for Antagonism by Suramin of Heparin Binding to Vaccinia Complement Protein<sup>,</sup> (2005)

Suramin is a competitive inhibitor of heparin binding to many proteins, including viral envelope proteins, protein tyrosine phosphatases, and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). It has been clinically evaluated as a potential therapeutic in treatment of cancers caused by unregulated angiogenesis, triggered by FGFs. Although it has shown clinical promise in treatment of several cancers, suramin has many undesirable side effects. There is currently no experimental structure that reveals the molecular interactions responsible for suramin inhibition of heparin binding, which could be of potential use in structure-assisted design of improved analogues of suramin. We report the structure of suramin, in complex with the heparin-binding site of vaccinia virus complement control protein (VCP), which interacts with heparin in a geometrically similar manner to many FGFs. The larger than anticipated flexibility of suramin manifested in this structure, and other details of VCP-suramin interactions, might provide useful structural information for interpreting interactions of suramin with many proteins.
Acquisition of position and direction of in-vehicle camera for HIR system (2004)

In ITS development, it is expected that infrastructure maintenance of cameras or various sensors is carried out. For a system using those infrastructure, we have proposed the HIR (human-oriented information restructuring) System. This system assists driver's visual sense by integrating and restructuring different kinds of information. This paper contributes HIR algorithm, error of data, and required accuracy towards realization of HIR System. Furthermore, we built the system to acquire position and direction of in-vehicle camera. Based on their previous study, we test the effectiveness of our developed system architecture and made experiment in the situation of turning right at the actual intersection, not georama. As a result, we can generate visual assistant images and display them on the car monitor in real-time.
Water vapor, facet erosion, and the degradation of (Al,Ga)As DH lasers operated at CW output powers of up to 3 mW/µ stripewidth (1981)

Light versus current measurements on (Al, Ga)As DH lasers showed that output degradation is virtually absent in vacuum for lasers with little or no internal degradation, whereas it manifests itself strongly in water-rich ambients. The output degradation coincides with the presence of facet erosion. Moreover, a direct relationship has also been found between facet erosion and the occurrence of self-pulsations. In fact, mirror degradation has been shown to be a very dominant degradation mechanism for uncoated devices operated at output powers of 3 mW/μ stripewidth. Mirror coatings are of great help in reducing the degradation; however, the requirements imposed on the coating and the coating process turn out to be rather stringent. The aluminium content of the active layer plays a rather significant role in reducing the mirror related degradation, i.e., for lasers with wavelengths between 8200 and 8900 Å. It is shown by means of an estimation that small distortions of the facet smoothness, which result from inhomogeneous mirror oxidation, are sufficient for producing a considerable increase of the threshold current. Vacuum testing of laser devices turns out to be a valuable tool for splitting up the overall degradation in external, i.e., mirror related, and internal parts. Moreover, it enables us to evaluate the merits of facet coatings. Experiments with lasers in dry nitrogen indicate that the water content below which facet erosion is absent is probably much less than 100 ppm.
Solid Vapor Pressure and Enthalpy of Sublimation for Perfluorooctanoic Acid (2008)

A modified gas saturation method was used to determine the solid vapor pressure of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) at ambient temperatures. Measurements were made over the temperature range from (25 to 45) °C. Pressures ranged from (5.2 to 40.7) Pa. The enthalpy of sublimation was calculated as 88.9 kJ·mol−1.
A 22&#x00B5;W, 2.0GHz FBAR oscillator (2011)

We present a 22μW, 2.0GHz FBAR oscillator - the lowest power reported to date for a GHz-range oscillator of this type. Low power consumption is achieved through co-design with a high R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> FBAR resonator and a weakly-forward biased bulk connection. An oscillator with a standard bulk connection was fabricated for comparison. The chip was fabricated in a 0.18μm CMOS process. The weakly-forward biased bulk led to a 41% reduction in power dissipation. The measured phase noise is -121dBc/Hz at a 100kHz offset.
Downlink Transmission Concept with Diversity Gain in S-DMB System Including IMR (2006)

In this paper, we propose downlink transmission concept with diversity gain using IMR in S-DMB system. We do not regard IMRs as simply repeaters but consider as the antennas for STBC as one of transmit diversity methods. First, transmission scenarios for an application of STBC are represented. And then, we apply STBC in S-DMB system including IMR and compare the performance of the proposed IMR structure to conventional structure. Simulation results shows that the transmit diversity gain can definitely be achieved compared to conventional downlink transmission concept in S-DMB system.
Zinc oxide on silicon memory cells scanned by acoustic surface waves (1975)

The use of parametrically mixed acoustic surface waves to remotely scan and process the contents of zinc−oxide−on−silicon charge storage cells is demonstrated. The write, erase, and store characteristics of the memory cells are investigated. The signal−processing capability of the device is illustrated by the correlation of a line of stored information with a biphase coded input signal.
Hierarchical enumerative coding of locallystationary binary data (1999)

A lossless compression algorithm for compressing locally stationary binary data is introduced. The algorithm is based on enumerative coding. It has low complexity, and experimental results indicate that it has good compression performance for locally stationary binary data.
Expression of bone morphogenetic protein-6 and -2 and a bone morphogenetic protein antagonist in horses with naturally acquired osteochondrosis (2004)

Although these signaling peptides may play important roles in cartilage differentiation, results did not provide evidence to suggest that they are involved in the disease process of osteochondrosis.
Epstein-Barr virus immortalization of normal cells of B cell lineage with nonproductive, rearranged immunoglobulin genes. (1986)

Most continuous cell lines derived by EBV immortalization of peripheral blood cells are composed of phenotypically mature B lymphocytes, and secrete Ig. Occasionally, EBV-immortalized cell lines have failed to secrete Ig. Expansion and characterization of one of these EBV-induced cell lines, VDS-O, showed that in addition to a lack of Ig secretion, surface and intracytoplasmic Ig were absent. Cell surface phenotyping revealed that VDS-O belongs to the B cell lineage, because it expresses the B cell restricted antigens B1 and B4, while it lacks T cell and monocyte-associated determinants. Analysis of the Ig gene organization in VDS-O revealed that the Ig genes are rearranged for both heavy (gamma) and light (kappa) chains. However, the expected gamma-heavy chain and/or kappa-light chain RNA species were not detected. These findings demonstrate the existence in normal peripheral blood of cells of B cell lineage susceptible to EBV immortalization that have Ig genes that are rearranged but are nonproductive.
Experimental quantification of the true efficiency of carbon nanotube thin-film thermophones (2016)

Carbon nanotube thermophones can create acoustic waves from 1 Hz to 100 kHz. The thermoacoustic effect that allows for this non-vibrating sound source is naturally inefficient. Prior efforts have not explored their true efficiency (i.e., the ratio of the total acoustic power to the electrical input power). All previous works have used the ratio of sound pressure to input electrical power. A method for true power efficiency measurement is shown using a fully anechoic technique. True efficiency data are presented for three different drive signal processing techniques: standard alternating current (AC), direct current added to alternating current (DCAC), and amplitude modulation of an alternating current (AMAC) signal. These signal processing techniques are needed to limit the frequency doubling non-linear effects inherent to carbon nanotube thermophones. Each type of processing affects the true efficiency differently. Using a 72 Wrms input signal, the measured efficiency ranges were 4.3 × 10−6 − 319 × 10−6, 1.7 × 10−6 − 308 × 10−6, and 1.2 × 10−6 – 228 × 10−6% for AC, DCAC, and AMAC, respectively. These data were measured in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 10 kHz. In addition, the effects of these processing techniques relative to sound quality are presented in terms of total harmonic distortion.
La Corrupción en Venezuela: “Una Pérdida Total de La Moralidad” (2016)

Acknowledging the rampant political corruption that has persisted in Venezuela for decades, this paper contrasts two theories of its source: the “elite” culture of the Venezuelan populace and the “democratic socialist” government structure through a literature review supplemented by an interview with Venezuelan refugees. By analyzing political theories by various authors and compiling historical information, this paper concludes that the political theory of populism (also known as functionalist theory) accurately combines cultural and governmental perspectives, providing the most comprehensive reason for Venezuelan corruption. Furthermore, the theory of populism also explains the dynamics of social psychology that contributed to the moral corruption and ironic complacency of the vocal Venezuelan people. This phenomenon re-conceptualizes political corruption to not only consider the immoral actions of governmental figures, but those of everyday citizens as well. In other words, societal corruption can spread top-down, bottom-up, and laterally in any class of society by infecting a country’s cultural fiber.
Continuously tunable, precise, single frequency optical signal generator (2002)

To realize a genuine CW optical frequency synthesizer, a continuously tunable single-frequency CWlaser has been employed to track precisely any arbitrary component of a wide bandwidth phase-stabilized optical comb. We demonstrate experimentally two fundamental aspects of optical frequency synthesis, namely, precise setting of the laser frequency at an arbitrary pre-determined value, and continuous tuning of the laser frequency with the digital precision known in radio frequency synthesis. A typical computer-automated search-and-lock procedure finishes on oneminute time scale.
Favorable change in mammographic parenchymal patterns and breast cancer risk factors (1998)

The aim of our study was to estimate the incidence of favorable mammographic patterns and to assess the incidence by risk factors of breast cancer. Data relate to 1,947 women aged 40-47 years who were screened by mammography every second year and whose mammographic parenchymal pattern at initial screening was either P2 or DY (Wolfe's classification). The pattern was assessed at each screening round. The incidence of N1,P1 parenchymal pattern by risk factors was estimated. The Cox proportional hazards model was applied in univariate and multivariate analyses of the data. The incidence of N1,P1 pattern was 12.5/100 woman years among women with P2,DY pattern at the beginning of follow-up. The relative risk of N1,P1 pattern adjusted for the other risk factors for women aged 45 years or more was 1.7 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5-1.9] compared with younger women. The adjusted relative risk of N1,P1 pattern among women with a body mass index (BMI) of 25 or more was 2.1 (95% CI 1.6-2.8) compared with women with a BMI of less than 20; women with more than 2 pregnancies had a 30% higher adjusted relative risk (RR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.6) than women with no pregnancies. The incidence of favorable mammographic parenchymal pattern was significantly related to old age, large BMI and multiparity. The effects of age and BMI on incidences of favorable and unfavorable change potentiate each other but not that of parity.
Lysophosphatidic acid induces ovarian cancer cell dispersal by activating Fyn kinase associated with p120‐catenin (2008)

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), known as the "ovarian cancer activating factor," is a natural phospholipid involved in important biological functions, such as cell proliferation, wound healing and neurite retraction. LPA causes colony dispersal in various carcinoma cell lines by inducing morphological changes, including membrane ruffling, lamellipodia formation, cell-cell dissociation and single cell migration. However, its effects on cell-cell dissociation and cell-cell adhesion of ovarian cancer cells have not been studied. In our study, we showed that LPA induced sequential events of intercellular junction dispersal and "half-junction" formation in ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells and that Src-family kinases were involved in both processes, since the effects were abolished by the selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor PP2. LPA induced rapid and transient activation of Src family kinases, which were recruited to cell-cell junctions by increasing the association with the adherens junction protein p120-catenin. We identified the Src family kinase, Fyn, as the key component associated with p120-catenin after LPA stimulation in SKOV3 cells. Our study provides evidence that LPA induces junction dispersal in ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells by activating the Src family kinase Fyn and increasing its association with p120-catenin at the cell-cell junction.
Comparison of time course changes in blood glucose, insulin and lipids between high carbohydrate and high fat meals in healthy young women (2009)

Few studies have examined short term responses to the different contents of carbohydrate or fat in the meal, although long term effects of the high fat meal have been considered as compound risk factor for metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the postprandial changes of plasma glucose, insulin and lipids upon intakes of high carbohydrate or high fat meal in young healthy women. Subjects were randomly assigned to either the high carbohydrate meal (HCM, 75% carbohydrate, n=13) or the high fat meal (HFM, 60% fat, n=12) groups. The meals were prepared as isocaloric typical Korean menu. Blood samples were obtained prior to and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 minute after the meal. There were no significant differences on fasting blood parameters including glucose, insulin, lipids concentrations between the groups prior to the test. The HCM had higher blood glucose and insulin concentrations, reached the peak at 30 min and maintained for 240 min compared to the HFM (P<0.05). The HFM had higher plasma triglyceride (TG) and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations, reached the peak at 120 min and maintained for 240 min compared to the HCM (P<0.05). It is concluded that macronutrients content in the meal may be an important determinant of postprandial substrate utilization in healthy women.
Development of Luminescence Procedures to Evaluate Permeation of Multi-Ring Polyaromatic Compounds Through Protective Materials (1987)

This study describes two practical and simple luminescence techniques developed to evaluate the efficacy of protective clothing materials against permeation of multi-ring polyaromatic compounds contained in heavy oil and petroleum products. The procedures use a rapid and simple technique based on room temperature phosphorimetry and fluorescence detection in which a portable flberoptics luminoscope was used.
Adaptive Energy-Aware Design of a Multi-Bank Flash-Memory Storage System (2006)

An architectural solution to reducing energy consumption of flash-memory storage system is to take advantage of a multi-bank architecture instead of a single-bank one. Thus, allowing unused banks to be placed into low-power operating modes can help reduce energy. In this paper, an adaptive energy-aware bank assignment policy is proposed to cluster data with temporal affinity into the same bank, increasing the number of banks put into low-power modes. Then we propose an energy-aware garbage collection policy, which could keep banks in idle conditions for long durations of time to compensate for resynchronization penalties. Experiments over the prototype show the effectiveness of these policies and indicate that large energy savings can be achieved with low overhead.
A Compatible Stereo Television System (1974)

Man has stereovision. He likes to see things in their proper perspective. At present we have monochrome and color television systems which are compatible. Naturally, one would like to have a stereo television system. It will be more useful, if such a stereo television system is also compatible with the present monochrome and color television systems. In this paper such a compatible stereo television system is explained in principle.
HLA DPA1, DPB1 Alleles and Haplotypes Contribute to the Risk Associated With Type 1 Diabetes (2010)

HLA DP allelic and haplotypic diversity contributes significantly to the risk for type 1 diabetes; DPB1*0301 (DPA1*0103-DPB1*0301) is associated with susceptibility and DPB1*0402 (DPA1*0103-DPB1*0402) and DPA1*0103-DPB1*0101 with protection. Additional evidence is presented for the susceptibility association of DPB1*0202 (DPA1*0103-DPB1*0202) and for a contributory role of individual amino acids and DPA1 or a gene in linkage disequilibrium in DR3-DPB1*0101 positive haplotypes.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Intravesical Hyaluronic Acid and Hyaluronic Acid/Chondroitin Sulfate Instillation for Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome (2016)

Intravesical HA and HA/CS instillation improved pain symptom, quality of life, and other outcomes and could be included as therapeutic modality of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome.
Formal methods applied to secure network engineering (2002)

Security properties such as privacy, authentication and integrity are of increasing importance to networked systems. Systems with security requirements typically must operate with a high degree of confidence, i.e. they must be highly assured. We show how the message structure of privacy enhanced mail (PEM) and the operations on PEM structures have the desired implementation independent security properties. The verification of an integrity checking function is shown in detail. Higher-order logic and the HOL theorem-prover are used to precisely relate security properties to implementation specifications.