gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Adaptive multimedia services provisioning in wireless communication networks</title> (2001)

An adaptive system to support multimedia applications in a wireless network environment is investigated in this research. The proposed system is hierarchical in nature with a cluster of mobile end-hosts connected to a base station, and base stations are connected to a supervisory node, which is in turn connected to a wired infrastructure. Based on our previous experience, the system is designed with an improved service model and a novel call admission scheme that enables more efficient radio channel usage. The service model takes into account both user mobility and the nature of multimedia traffic. Specifically, delay- and/or rate-adaptive services are explored to increase the network performance and utilization under highly variable network connectivity and transmission capacity. The new call admission control scheme is developed under a hybrid call admission control framework. Together with an adaptive resource reservation scheme, it can be adapted to the network situation as well as application requirements. Simulation studies are conducted to show the performance improvement of the proposed scheme.
An Iron(II) Dependent Formamide Hydrolase Catalyzes the Second Step in the Archaeal Biosynthetic Pathway to Riboflavin and 7,8-Didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin (2009)

The early steps in the biosynthesis of 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin (Fo) and riboflavin in the archaea differ from the established eukaryotic and bacterial pathways. The archaeal pathway has been proposed to begin with an archaeal-specific GTP cyclohydrolase III that hydrolyzes the imidazole ring of GTP but does not remove the resulting formyl group from the formamide [Graham, D. E., Xu, H., and White, R. H. (2002) Biochemistry 41, 15074-15084 ]. This enzyme is different than the bacterial GTP cyclohydrolase II which catalyzes both reactions. Here we describe the identification and characterization of the formamide hydrolase that catalyzes the second step in the archaeal Fo and riboflavin biosynthetic pathway. The Methanocaldococcus jannaschii MJ0116 gene was cloned and heterologously expressed, and the resulting enzyme was shown to catalyze the formation of 2,5-diamino-6-ribosylamino-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 5'-phosphate (APy) and formate from 2-amino-5-formylamino-6-ribosylamino-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 5'-monophosphate (FAPy). The MJ0116-derived protein has been named ArfB to indicate that it catalyzes the second step in archaeal riboflavin and Fo biosynthesis. ArfB was found to require ferrous iron for activity although metal analysis by ICP indicated the presence of zinc as well as iron in the purified protein. The identification of this enzyme confirms the involvement of GTP cyclohydrolase III (ArfA) in archaeal riboflavin and Fo biosynthesis.
Pulmonary oxalosis caused by Aspergillus niger. (1984)

A case report involving a pleuropulmonary mixed bacterial infection in association with Aspergillus niger is described. The patient responded to a combination of antibiotics, aerosolized and intravenously administered amphotericin B, and surgery. Aspergillus niger appeared to be a secondary invader and caused lung damage by the production of oxalic acid.
Exploiting generic multi-level convolutional neural networks for scene understanding (2016)

In this paper, we introduce the application of generic multi-level Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) approach into the scene understanding or image parsing task. Given an input image, first, a set of similar images from the training set are retrieved based on global-level CNN feature matching similarities. Then, the input test image and the similar images are oversegmented into superpixels. Next, the class of each test image's superpixel is initialized by the majority vote of the k-nearest-neighbor superpixels based on regional-level CNN features and hand-crafted features matching. The initial superpixel parsing is later combined with per-exemplar sliding windows to roughly form the pixel labels. Eventually, the final labels are further refined by the contextual smoothing. Extensive experiments on different challenging datasets demonstrate the potentials of the proposed method.
Inhibiting Proteasomal Proteolysis Sustains Estrogen Receptor-α Activation (2004)

Estrogen receptor-alpha (ER alpha) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that mediates physiological responses to 17 beta-estradiol (E2). Ligand binding rapidly down-regulates ER alpha levels through proteasomal proteolysis, but the functional impact of receptor degradation on cellular responses to E2 has not been fully established. In this study, we investigated the effect of blocking the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway on ER alpha-mediated transcriptional responses. In HeLa cells transfected with ER alpha, blocking either ubiquitination or proteasomal degradation markedly increased E2-induced expression of an ER-responsive reporter. Time course studies further demonstrated that blocking ligand-induced degradation of ER alpha resulted in prolonged stimulation of ER-responsive gene transcription. In breast cancer MCF7 cells containing endogenous ER alpha, proteasome inhibition enhanced E2-induced expression of endogenous pS2 and cathepsin D. However, inhibiting the proteasome decreased expression of progesterone receptor (PR), presumably due to the heterogeneity of the PR promoter, which contains multiple regulatory elements. In addition, in endometrial cancer Ishikawa cells overexpressing steroid receptor coactivator 1, 4-hydroxytamoxifen displayed full agonist activity and stimulated ER alpha-mediated transcription without inducing receptor degradation. Collectively, these results demonstrate that proteasomal degradation is not essential for ER alpha transcriptional activity and functions to limit E2-induced transcriptional output. The results further indicate that promoter context must be considered when evaluating the relationship between ER alpha transcription and proteasome inhibition. We suggest that the transcription of a gene driven predominantly by an estrogen-responsive element, such as pS2, is a more reliable indicator of ER alpha transcription activity than a gene like PR, which contains a complex promoter requiring cooperation between ER alpha and other transcription factors.
A Fault-Tolerant Series-Resonant DC–DC Converter (2016)

The series-resonant dc-dc converter (SRC) is widely used as power supply for telecommunications, wireless power transfer for electrical vehicle, and high-voltage power supplies. Recently, it became very popular in solid-state transformer application, where fault tolerance is a highly desired feature and it is obtained through redundancy. This letter proposes a reconfiguration scheme for the SRC for the case of failure in one semiconductor, which could drastically reduce the need of redundancy. Using the proposed scheme, the full-bridge based SRC can be reconfigured in a half-bridge topology, in order to keep the converter operational even with the failure [open circuit (OC) or short circuit (SC)] of one switch. As a drawback of this technique, the output voltage drops to half of its original value. Therefore, a novel reconfigurable rectifier based on the voltage-doubler topology is proposed as a solution to keep the output voltage constant after the fault. To verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme, the converter is tested experimentally in a 700-600 V prototype with 10 kW of output power. An insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) SC fault is tested and the results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Distributed multiagent resource allocation in diminishing marginal return domains (2008)

We consider a multiagent resource allocation domain where the marginal production of each resource is diminishing. A set of identical, self-interested agents requires access to sharable resources in the domain. We present a distributed and random allocation procedure, and demonstrate that the allocation converges to the optimal in terms of utilitarian social welfare. The procedure is based on direct interaction among the agents and resource owners (without the use of a central authority).We then consider potential strategic behavior of the self-interested agents and resource owners, and show that when both act rationally and the domain is highly competitive for the resource owners, the convergence result still holds. The optimal allocation is arrived at quickly; given a setting with k resources and n agents, we demonstrate that the expected number of timesteps to convergence is O(k ln n), even in the worst case, where the optimal allocation is extremely unbalanced.Our allocation procedure has advantages over a mechanism design approach based on Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (VCG) mechanisms: it does not require the existence of a central trusted authority, and it fully distributes the utility obtained by the agents and resource owners (i.e., it is strongly budget balanced).
Modifying the Human Intestinal Microbiota with Prebiotics (2006)

The human intestinal microbiota has never been so intensively studied as in this currentperiod. Over the last decade, the use of molecular methods, especially those based on 16Sribosomal RNA, have generated much knowledge on the composition of the intestinalmicrobiota of especially humans but also animals. The relatively easy accessible fecalsample is the main source of intestinal microbiota used for various analyses. It is uncertainhow well fecal samples reflect the composition of the microbiota in the proximal parts ofthe colon (1,2) but it is certainly very different from the small intestine. In order to studythe microbial composition and activity in these sites, one would need in vivo samples froma large number of healthy individuals. Invasive sampling from healthy people is ethicallynot acceptable. Animal models can be used for invasive sampling (see chapter byHenriksson); however, due to physiological and anatomical differences, animals will havea different microbiota. Therefore, in vitro techniques complement animal studies and offermeans to test specific hypotheses in a controlled, replicable manner without using animalmodels or clinical samplings. With in vitro models, it is possible to simulate the conditionsin the human oral cavity, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and in the ascending,transverse, and descending sections of the colon.
Monolithic process for co-integration of GaAs and silicon circuits (2003)

A monolithic process to co-integrate Si and GaAs circuits on a single chip is described. The co-integration has been realized through the epitaxial growth of a GaAs layer on a prefabricated Si wafer, resulting in a coplanar structure appropriate for IC processing. A composite ring oscillator consisting of Si CMOS and GaAs MESFET inverters connected in a ring was fabricated as a demonstration.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Experimental set-up for testing alignment and measurement stability of a metrology system in silicon carbide for GAIA (2005)

The GAIA satellite will make a 3-D map of our Galaxy with measurement accuracy of 10 microarcseconds using two astrometric telescopes. The angle between the lines-of-sight of the two telescopes will be monitored using the Basic Angle Monitoring system with 1 microarcsecond accuracy. This system will be an interferometer consisting of a number of small mirrors and beam splitters in Silicon Carbide. Silicon Carbide has very high specific stiffness and very good thermal properties (low CTE and high conductivity). It also is a very stable material. A possible concept design for this Basic Angle Monitoring system is subject of a PhD study performed at the Technische Universiteit Eindhoven and TNO Science and Industry (The Netherlands). To prove that this concept design meets the alignment and measurement stability requirements, the GAIA extreme stability optical bench is developed. It will consist of a fourfold Michelson interferometer with four separate optical paths, which will measure the stability of the optical bench and the individual optical components. Also thermal cycling experiments and vibrations tests will be performed. 'Absolute' position measurements of the optical components with respect to the optical bench after the vibrations test will be performed using markers. The GAIA extreme stability optical bench will be placed in a vibration damped vacuum tank in order to imitate the highly stable L2 space environment. The goal is to obtain the first results early 2006.
Cavernous Hemangioma of the Tongue (2013)

Hemangioma is a benign tumor of dilated blood vessels. It is most commonly seen in the head and neck region and rarely in the oral cavity. Hemangiomas in the oral cavity are always of clinical importance and require appropriate treatment. We report here a case of a 34-year-old female patient with a swelling on the lateral surface of tongue which did not respond to the sclerosing agent and was finally confirmed as cavernous hemangioma on histological evaluation.
A novel X-ray source for diagnosis: K-fluorescent enhanced X-ray tube (2002)

A novel X-ray source for diagnosis, K-fluorescent enhanced X-ray tube, has been developed. With selectively enhanced K characteristic lines of optimum photon energies for medical diagnosis, the novel X-ray tube will provide am imaging source of higher signal-to-noise ratio and lower radiation dose. Its working principle and structure are described. A prototype tube designed with K characteristic photon energy about 44 keV has been built and tested. Results of spectral measurements in comparison with a conventional X-ray tube are given, which demonstrate an increase of 15%, 75% and 110% in the photon flux within the energy region of 30 keV to 50 keV at the tube voltage of 70 kV, 80 kV and 90 kV respectively.
A method for enhancing the picture quality of low bit-rate block-coded images (1995)

We describe a post-processing method which is designed to remove the picture impairments typically introduced by spatial domain block coding techniques, such as vector quantization (VQ) and block truncation coding (BTC). In these coding methods, the quantization noise is highly correlated with the characteristics of the original signals, so that different areas of the coded image suffer from distinctly different impairments. In particular, uniform areas suffer from the blocking effect, where the boundaries of adjacent blocks become visible resulting in false contours. Moreover, all diagonal edges appear jagged, which is known as the staircase effect. Finally, most of the textured areas are 'washed-out'. The post-processing method exploits the properties of smoothed image gradient data to distinguish between high and low detail regions of the decoded image. The filtering process is then decided based on the region classification. For the high detail image areas, which include edges and texture, a fully adaptive Gaussian-type filter is employed. The shape and the position of the Gaussian kernel is adapted according to the characteristics of each local region. For the low detail image regions, which include areas of constant or slowly varying intensity, a simple Gaussian smoothing operator is used. Simulation results confirm that, after applying this post-filtering algorithm to the coded images, the annoying blocking effect is reduced and the jagged edges appear continuous and sharp.
Participation of Active-Site Carboxylates of <i>Escherichia coli</i> DNA Polymerase I (Klenow Fragment) in the Formation of a Prepolymerase Ternary Complex (2002)

We have investigated the roles of four active-site carboxylates in the formation of a prepolymerase ternary complex of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I (Klenow fragment), containing the template-primer and dNTP. The analysis of nine mutant enzymes with conserved and nonconserved substitutions of Asp(705), Glu(710), Asp(882), and Glu(883) clearly shows that both catalytically essential aspartates, Asp(705) and Asp(882), are required for the formation of a stable ternary complex. Of the two glutamates, only Glu(710) is required for ternary complex formation, while Glu(883) does not participate in this process. This investigation also reveals two interesting properties of the Klenow fragment with regard to enzyme-template-primer binary and enzyme-template-primer-dNTP ternary complex formation. These are (a) the significant resistance of enzyme-template-primer-dNTP ternary complexes to the addition of high salt or template-primer challenge and (b) the ability of the Klenow fragment to form ternary complexes in the presence of noncatalytic divalent cations such as Ca(2+), Co(2+), Ni(2+), and Zn(2+).
Dual-random ensemble method for multi-label classification of biological data (2009)

\n\t\t\t\t\tThis paper presents a dual-random ensemble multi-label classification method for classification of multi-label data. The method is formed by integrating and extending the concepts of feature subspace method and random k-label set ensemble multi-label classification method. Experiemental results show that the developed method outperforms the exisiting multi-lable classification methods on three different multi-lable datasets including the biological yeast and genbase datasets.<br /><br />\n\t\t\t\t
Matched subspace detectors (2002)

Studies the problem of detecting subspace signals in subspace interference and broadband noise. The authors derive the generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) and establish its invariances. Then then prove that the GLR test (GLRT) is the uniformly most powerful invariant detector, establishing once and for all its optimality.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Continuous modification of polypropylene via photoinitiation (2015)

A twin screw extruder was used for continuous modification of polypropylene (PP) via UV radiation. Long chain branches (LCBs) were incorporated in the PP backbone to modify its rheological properties. Benzophenones (BPH) as photoinitiator and trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) as coagent were utilized during PP photomodification. Radiation was carried out after mixing in the extruder on solid stretched strands with ∼0.3 mm thickness. The effects of photoinitiator concentration, radiation time, and coagent presence were studied via a replicated two‐level full factorial design of experiments. It was shown that photomodification of PP can be done continuously. Formation of LCBs in the experimental runs was confirmed via rheological measurements. Gel content of the samples was also measured. It was found that LCBs can be formed in PP with and without TMPTA at certain processing conditions. The amount of gel in the samples prepared with TMPTA was higher; however, the gel content could be controlled by manipulating BPH concentration and radiation time. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:2423–2432, 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
A Distributed Trust Model for e-Commerce Applications (2005)

The access control mechanisms used in traditional security infrastructures have been proven inadequate, inflexible, and difficult to apply to the Internet of today. In this work, we have proposed a general-purpose, application-independent dynamic distributed trust model (DDTM). In DDTM, access rights are directly associated with a trust value. The trust values are further classified into direct trust values, indirect trust values and trust authorization levels. We have calculated and expressed each type of the trust values into explicit numerical numbers. The core of this model is the recommendation-based trust model, organized as a trust delegation tree (TDT), and the authorization delegation realized by delegation certificate chains.
Explosive Raspberries: Controlled Magnetically Triggered Bursting of Microcapsules (2016)

On‐demand and spatially controlled release of active components is crucial in several applications ranging from medicine to food and agriculture. Although many encapsulation approaches have been developed to address specific application‐related boundary conditions, microcapsule systems that enable quick and site‐specific release are still highly demanded. Here, a new design for a magnetically triggered release system consisting of an inductively heatable core covered by temperature‐sensitive bursting microcapsules is proposed. Release of the microcapsule content is achieved within a few seconds by a locally induced thermal shock without overheating the surrounding matrix. The bursting microcapsules are produced from monodisperse double emulsion templates made by microfluidics. The microcapsule shell structure is heterogeneous, consisting of a polymer particle network wetted by a liquid blowing agent and sealed by a polymeric skin. Steel particles (1 mm) are selected as an exemplary heat source because of their fast temperature increase through magnetic induced heating. Proof‐of‐concept microbursting experiments are performed to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed raspberry design in achieving controlled local release using a magnetic trigger. In this study, it is shown that the system can be applied for the on‐demand setting of cementitious materials by externally triggering the release of a cement accelerator without undesired excessive heating of the matrix.
Effect of curcumin and capsaicin on arachidonic acid metabolism and lysosomal enzyme secretion by rat peritoneal macrophages (1997)

The inflammatory mediators secreted by macrophages play an important role in autoimmune diseases. Spice components, such as curcumin from turmeric and capsaicin from red pepper, are shown to exhibit antiinflammatory properties. The influence of these spice components on arachidonic acid metabolism and secretion of lysosomal enzymes by macrophages was investigated. Rat peritoneal macrophages preincubated with 10 microM curcumin or capsaicin for 1 h inhibited the incorporation of arachidonic acid into membrane lipids by 82 and 76%: prostaglandin E2 by 45 and 48%; leukotriene B4 by 61 and 46%, and leukotriene C4 by 34 and 48%, respectively, but did not affect the release of arachidonic acid from macrophages stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate. However, the secretion of 6-keto PG F1 alpha was enhanced by 40 and 29% from macrophages preincubated with 10 microM curcumin or capsaicin, respectively, as compared to those produced by control cells. Curcumin and capsaicin also inhibited the secretion of collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase to the maximum extent of 57, 61, 66%, and 46, 69, 67%, respectively. These results demonstrated that curcumin and capsaicin can control the release of inflammatory mediators such as eicosanoids and hydrolytic enzymes secreted by macrophages and thereby may exhibit antiinflammatory properties.
A Review of Laser Technology and Light-Tissue Interactions as a Background to Therapeutic Applications of Low Intensity Lasers and Other Light Sources (2003)

This paper reviews aspects of laser physics, radiometry and photochemistry relevant to the use of low intensity light therapy delivered by lasers or conventional lamps. Current theories regarding the biophysical mechanisms of low intensity laser therapy are reviewed. Characteristics of laser radiation such as monochromaticity, coherence, collimation, speckle, beam profile, penetration depth and temporal modulation of irradiation, and the relevance of these factors to photon propagation are explained. Physical principles that describe light–tissue interactions are presented. The importance of irradiance and radiant exposure is discussed and methods of quantifying these values are shown. Clinical implications are briefly discussed.
A Unified Strategy Towards <i>N</i>‐Aryl Heterocycles by a One‐Pot Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative C–H Amination of Azoles (2014)

Abstract An efficient one‐pot synthesis of N ‐aryl‐substituted heterocycles by a Cu‐catalyzed two‐fold C–N bond formation is reported. This strategy involves a Cu I ‐catalyzed C–N bond‐forming reaction between azoles and electron‐deficient bromopyridines followed by an intramolecular sp 2 C–H amination. One of the products thus formed has been successfully used as a ligand for the synthesis of a Pd complex.