gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Excitation Wavelength (UV or Visible Light) on the Photocatalytic Activity of Titania Containing Gold Nanoparticles for the Generation of Hydrogen or Oxygen from Water (2010)

Gold nanoparticles supported on P25 titania (Au/TiO(2)) exhibit photocatalytic activity for UV and visible light (532 nm laser or polychromatic light λ > 400 nm) water splitting. The efficiency and operating mechanism are different depending on whether excitation occurs on the titania semiconductor (gold acting as electron buffer and site for gas generation) or on the surface plasmon band of gold (photoinjection of electrons from gold onto the titania conduction band and less oxidizing electron hole potential of about -1.14 V). For the novel visible light photoactivity of Au/TiO(2), it has been determined that gold loading, particle size and calcination temperature play a role in the photocatalytic activity, the most active material (Φ(H2) = 7.5% and Φ(O2) = 5.0% at 560 nm) being the catalyst containing 0.2 wt % gold with 1.87 nm average particle size and calcined at 200 °C.
Development of a genetic linkage map for Sharon goatgrass (<i>Aegilops sharonensis</i>) and mapping of a leaf rust resistance gene (2013)

Aegilops sharonensis (Sharon goatgrass), a diploid wheat relative, is known to be a rich source of disease resistance genes for wheat improvement. To facilitate the transfer of these genes into wheat, information on their chromosomal location is important. A genetic linkage map of Ae. sharonensis was constructed based on 179 F2 plants derived from a cross between accessions resistant (1644) and susceptible (1193) to wheat leaf rust. The linkage map was based on 389 markers (377 Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) and 12 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci) and was comprised of 10 linkage groups, ranging from 2.3 to 124.6 cM. The total genetic length of the map was 818.0 cM, with an average interval distance between markers of 3.63 cM. Based on the chromosomal location of 115 markers previously mapped in wheat, the four linkage groups of A, B, C, and E were assigned to Ae. sharonensis (S(sh)) and homoeologous wheat chromosomes 6, 1, 3, and 2. The single dominant gene (designated LrAeSh1644) conferring resistance to leaf rust race THBJ in accession 1644 was positioned on linkage group A (chromosome 6S(sh)) and was flanked by DArT markers wpt-9881 (at 1.9 cM distal from the gene) and wpt-6925 (4.5 cM proximal). This study clearly demonstrates the utility of DArT for genotyping uncharacterized species and tagging resistance genes where pertinent genomic information is lacking.
Dynamics of unbinding of cell adhesion molecules: Transition from catch to slip bonds (2005)

The unbinding dynamics of complexes involving cell-adhesion molecules depends on the specific ligands. Atomic force microscopy measurements have shown that for the specific P-selectin-P-selectin glycoprotein ligand (sPSGL-1) the average bond lifetime t initially increases (catch bonds) at low (< or =10 pN) constant force, f, and decreases when f > 10 pN (slip bonds). In contrast, for the complex with G1 anti-P-selectin monoclonal antibody t monotonically decreases with f. To quantitatively map the energy landscape of such complexes we use a model that considers the possibility of redistribution of population from one force-free state to another force-stabilized bound state. The excellent agreement between theory and experiments allows us to extract energy landscape parameters by fitting the calculated curves to the lifetime measurements for both sPSGL-1 and G1. Surprisingly, the unbinding transition state for P-selectin-G1 complex is close (0.32 nm) to the bound state, implying that the interaction is brittle, i.e., once deformed, the complex fractures. In contrast, the unbinding transition state of the P-selectin-sPSGL-1 complex is far (approximately 1.5 nm) from the bound state, indicative of a compliant structure. Constant f energy landscape parameters are used to compute the distributions of unbinding times and unbinding forces as a function of the loading rate, rf. For a given rf, unbinding of sPSGL-1 occurs over a broader range of f with the most probable f being an order of magnitude less than for G1. The theory for cell adhesion complexes can be used to predict the outcomes of unbinding of other protein-protein complexes.
Dependence on p75 for Innervation of Some Sympathetic Targets (1994)

The low-affinity neurotrophin receptor p75 binds all neurotrophins with similar affinity. For elucidation of its function, mice bearing a null mutation in the p75 locus were generated. Examination of sympathetic innervation of target tissues revealed that pineal glands lacked innervation and sweat gland innervation was absent or reduced in particular footpads. The absence of adult innervation reflects the failure of axons to reach these targets during development rather than a target deficit. These results indicate that p75 facilitates development of specific populations of sympathetic neurons, for which it may support axon growth.
Dynamics of Search Engine Rankings - A Case Study. (2004)

The objective of this study was to characterize the changes in the rankings of the top-n results\nof major search engines over time and to compare the rankings between these engines. We\nconsidered only the top-ten results, since users usually inspect only the first page returned by\nthe search engine, which normally contains ten results. In particular, we compare rankings of\nthe top ten results of the search engines Google and AlltheWeb on identical queries over a\nperiod of three weeks. The experiment was repeated twice, in October 2003 and in January\n2004 in order to assess changes to the top ten results of some of the queries during a three\nmonths period. Results show that the rankings of AlltheWeb were highly stable over each\nperiod, while the rankings of Google underwent constant yet minor changes, with occasional\nmajor ones. Changes over time can be explained by the dynamic nature of the Web or by\nfluctuations in the search engines’ indexes (especially when frequent switches in the rankings\nare observed). The top ten results of the two search engines have surprisingly low overlap.\nWith such small overlap (occasionally only a single URL) the task of comparing the rankings\nof the two engines becomes extremely challenging, and additional measures are needed to\nassess rankings in such situations.
Method for expanding the dynamic range of the readout integration circuits for uncooled microbolometer sensors (2004)

A simple and robust method for expanding the dynamic range of the readout circuits for uncooled microbolometer infrared sensor arrays is presented. The proposed method allows a reduction in the number of bits required for microbolometer nonuniformity compensation, significantly reducing the complexity of the pre-integration compensation circuity.
Enhancing Security and Privacy in C2X Communication by Radiation Pattern Control (2010)

In this paper we propose a new approach to enhance security and privacy in C2X communication directly on the physical layer. Instead of using a single omni-directional antenna, our approach relies on an uniform linear antenna array, which enables beam forming. By this means, our approach allows adjusting the radiation and the reception patterns of the vehicle, which is essential for excluding undesired communication parties trying to eavesdrop exchanged messages or to distribute corrupted information. To specify the antenna array configuration appropriate to some important use cases, a simulation-based approach is deployed. A dedicated simulator is exploited, which produces field patterns and visualizes them according to a mobility model and on user settings. Based on the visual simulation results the antenna array has been specified and evaluated.
Preparation of ultradrawn polyethylene by a novel radial‐compression method (1978)

Abstract High density polyethylene has been ultradrawn at 80°C by a novel radial–compression method which involves the gradual buildup of highly‐stretched elastic (spandex) filaments around the circumference of a solid polymer cylinder. The sheath of tightly‐wound filaments generates a high‐radial pressure which forces the polyethylene cylinder to neck down, uniaxially extend, and ultradraw. The physical and mechanical properties of radially‐compressed polyethylene of maximum draw ratio, 40‐45X, were evaluated and compared with the same polymer ultradrawn in other stress fields. In most physical property categories, the radially‐compressed samples are virtually indistinguishable from samples prepared by solid‐state extrusion at higher temperature and pressure. The transparency and the maximum tensile modulus, 62 GPa, further confirm the effectiveness of radial compression in achieving ultradraw. An experimental technique for measuring the radial pressure generated by the winding of the highly‐stretched elastic filament is presented. The upper‐bound pressure in the radial‐compression experiments was less than 100 MPa.
<i>miR-19</i> is a key oncogenic component of <i>mir-17-92</i> (2009)

Recent studies have revealed the importance of multiple microRNAs (miRNAs) in promoting tumorigenesis, among which mir-17-92/Oncomir-1 exhibits potent oncogenic activity. Genomic amplification and elevated expression of mir-17-92 occur in several human B-cell lymphomas, and enforced mir-17-92 expression in mice cooperates with c-myc to promote the formation of B-cell lymphomas. Unlike classic protein-coding oncogenes, mir-17-92 has an unconventional gene structure, where one primary transcript yields six individual miRNAs. Here, we functionally dissected the individual components of mir-17-92 by assaying their tumorigenic potential in vivo. Using the Emu-myc model of mouse B-cell lymphoma, we identified miR-19 as the key oncogenic component of mir-17-92, both necessary and sufficient for promoting c-myc-induced lymphomagenesis by repressing apoptosis. The oncogenic activity of miR-19 is at least in part due to its repression of the tumor suppressor Pten. Consistently, miR-19 activates the Akt-mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway, thereby functionally antagonizing Pten to promote cell survival. Our findings reveal the essential role of miR-19 in mediating the oncogenic activity of mir-17-92, and implicate the functional diversity of mir-17-92 components as the molecular basis for its pleiotropic effects during tumorigenesis.
Four Heparin Preparations: Anti-Xa Potentiating Effect of Heparin after Subcutaneous Injection (1976)

Four different heparin preparations--sodium and calcium salts of the same batch of heparin (mean molecular weight 15,000), low molecular weight sodium heparin (mean m.w. 9,000) and high molecular weight sodium heparin (mean m.w. 22,000) were injected subcutaneously on different days each into 6 healthy young volunteers in a randomized trial. Plasma heparin levels were measured using the anti-Xa assay at 1 hour, 3-4 hours and 6-7 hours after the injection. The highest anti-Xa potentiating effect was obtained after the injection of the low molecular weight sodium heparin (mean 0.381 i.u./ml) at 3-4 hours after the injection. With sodium heparin (m.w. 15,000) the highest values (0.135 i.u./ml) were found at 1 hour. Significantly lower anti-Xa potentiating effect was obtained 1 hour after the injection of calcium heparin and in particular after the injection of high molecular weight heparin (mean values 0.072 i. u./ml and 0.043 i. u./ml respectively). Both these preparations showed an increase from 1 hour after injection to 3-4 hours after injection (mean values 0.082 i. u./ml and 0.057 i. u./ml at 3-4 hours after injection). These results indicate that the salt and the molecular weight of the preparation may strongly influence the degree of anticoagulation achieved after subcutaneous injection.
Development of enzyme immunoassay for chromomycin A3 and olivomycin using beta-D-galactosidase as a label. (1985)

An antibody specific for chromomycin A3 (CHM; byname, toyomycin) was produced in sufficiently high titer in rabbits by immunization with a CHM-bovine serum albumin conjugate, prepared using diazotized p-aminobenzoic acid as a coupling agent. CHM was also coupled with beta-D-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) using diazotized m-aminobenzoic acid and was used as a tracer. With these reagents, a double-antibody enzyme immunoassay for CHM and for the CHM homologue olivomycin was developed which was highly sensitive and accurate enough to measure as little as 10 and 50 pg of each drug per assay tube, respectively. The enzyme immunoassay did not cross-react with mithramycin and drugs commonly used with CHM in combination chemotherapy for cancer treatment. Using this assay, drug levels were easily determined in blood and urine of rats following administration of CHM in a single dose of 2.0 mg/kg i.v. The sensitivity and specificity of the enzyme immunoassay for CHM and olivomycin should provide a valuable new tool for use in pharmacokinetic and toxicity studies of these drugs.
Transgenic expression of human CD47 reduces phagocytosis of porcine endothelial cells and podocytes by baboon and human macrophages (2019)

The similar levels of phagocytosis of porcine cells by baboon and human macrophages suggest that the expression of hCD47Tg on glomerular cells in donor porcine kidneys may prove to be a key strategy for preventing proteinuria following kidney xenotransplantation in a pig-to-human as well as a pig-to-baboon model.
An Improved Downhole Gas Separator (1999)

Abstract Inefficient well operations result from a variety of poor production operations. An improperly designed rod string, improper size pump, incorrect stroke length, over-sized pumping unit, improperly sized motor, excessive casing pressure and many other parameters of a beam pumping system can result in inefficient operations. One of the most common causes of low efficiency is an efficient downhole gas separator. The low efficiency can result in excessive electrical power usage, a decrease in the amount of production from the well and additional maintenance requirements due to inefficient loadings of the pumping unit, rod string, motor and pump.1,6 & 7 Inefficient gas separators can be identified by obtaining an acoustic liquid level test which indicates a high gaseous liquid column above the pump and the analysis of dynamometer data which indicates incomplete pump fillage. Periodic acoustic liquid level tests and dynamometer measurements should be performed to verify that the downhole gas separator is operating efficiently. Tapping bottom with the pump, running the pumping unit at excessive speed, operating the pumping unit for excessive periods of time, increasing the tubing pressure or increasing the casing pressure is not the proper procedure for correcting inefficient downhole gas separation. Progressive cavity pumps operate much more efficiently with proper lubrication. A good gas separation that removes free gas from the liquid that enters the PC pump results in longer pump life, additional production and more efficient electricity usage and operation. The first attempt to correct inefficient downhole gas separation should be to set the pump below the fluid entry zone if feasible. This is the most efficient method of downhole gas separation. However, if the pump is set above the fluid entry zone, a gas separator should be used that offers an efficient gas/liquid separation chamber with low dip tube friction loss which results in complete pump fillage if sufficient liquid inflow into the wellbore is available. Downhole gas separators are divided into two types that are very different. If the gas separator is placed below the fluid entry zone, a single dip tube type of gas separator should be used below the pump seating nipple. If the gas separator is placed in or above the fluid entry zone, a gas separator assembly should be used that consists of an outer barrel having ports at the top of the barrel with a dip tube extending from the pump inlet down into the outer barrel and opening below the ports. An operator should be able to tell whether a gas separator is being used above or below the formation after viewing the gas separator. They should be built differently. In this paper, the outer barrel of the gas separator to be used above the formation is called outer barrel. It is sometimes called a mud anchor. The inner tube is called a dip tube and it is sometimes called a gas anchor. Clegg 2,3,4 discusses many types of gas separators and the principles of gas/liquid separation.
Isolation and characterization of p19INK4d, a p16-related inhibitor specific to CDK6 and CDK4. (1996)

Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 are complexed with many small cellular proteins in vivo. We have isolated cDNA sequences, INK4d, encoding a 19-kDa protein that is associated with CDK6 in several hematopoietic cell lines. p19 shares equal similarity and a common ancestor with other identified inhibitors of the p16/INK4 family. p19 interacts with and inhibits the activity of both CDK4 and CDK6 and exhibits no detectable interaction with the other known CDKs. p19 protein is present in both cell nuclei and cytoplasm. The p19 gene has been mapped to chromosome 19p13.2, and the level of its mRNA expression varies widely between different tissues. In contrast to p21 and p27 whose interaction with CDK subunits is dependent on or stimulated by the cyclin subunit, the interaction of p19 and p18 with CDK6 is hindered by the cyclin protein. Binary cyclin D1-p18/p19 or cyclin D1-CDK6 complexes are highly stable and cannot be dissociated by excess amounts of cyclin D1 or p19/p18 proteins, suggesting that p16 inhibitors and D cyclins may interact with CDKs 4 and 6 in a competing or potentially mutually exclusive manner.
Loss of conserved <i>Gsdma3</i> self-regulation causes autophagy and cell death (2015)

Gasdermin A3 (Gsdma3) was originally identified in association with hair-loss phenotype in mouse mutants. Our previous study found that AE mutant mice, with a Y344H substitution at the C-terminal domain of Gsdma3, display inflammation-dependent alopecia and excoriation [Zhou et al. (2012) Am. J. Pathol. 180, 763-774]. Interestingly, we found that the newly-generated null mutant of Gsdma3 mice did not display the skin dysmorphology, indicating that Gsdma3 is not essential for differentiation of epidermal cells and maintenance of the hair cycle in normal physiological conditions. Consistently, human embryonic kidney (HEK)293 and HaCaT cells transfected with wild-type (WT) Gsdma3 did not show abnormal morphology. However, Gsdma3 Y344H mutation induced autophagy. Gsdma3 N-terminal domain, but not the C-terminal domain, also displayed the similar pro-autophagic activity. The Gsdma3 Y344H mutant protein and N-terminal domain-induced autophagy was associated with mitochondria and ROS generation. Co-expression of C-terminal domain reversed the cell autophagy induced by N-terminal domain. Moreover, C-terminal domain could be co-precipitated with N-terminal domain. These data indicated that the potential pro-autophagic activity of WT Gsdma3 protein is suppressed through an intramolecular inhibition mechanism. Studies on other members of the GSDM family suggested this mechanism is conserved in several sub-families.
Switching drive of induction motors (1963)

Recent developments in semiconductors lead to new possibilities of motor control in general and of the induction motor in particular. The latter type of motor, although the most simple in construction and therefore the most widespread in use, does not lend itself easily to speed control and feedback arrangements. The paper shows that electronic control by means of semiconductors of the thyratron type is easily adaptable to speed-control requirements. This type of control, based on switching currents by semiconductor devices, is applied first to the stator circuit and secondly to the rotor circuit. In the former case a squirrel-cage motor can be used, but the rotor control circuit will show certain advantages.
Bioconversion of water hyacinth-Coastal Bermuda grass-MSW-sludge blends to methane (1979)

Continuous operation of a biomethanation plant could be acheved more readily if mixtures of biomass and organic wastes could be utilized as feedstock. The research reported in this paper was directed to a laboratory evaluation of a blend of terrestrial and aquatic biomass with organic wastes as an anaerobic digester feed. Specifically, a blend of water hyacinth, Coastal Bermuda grass, the combustible fraction of municipal solid waste, and a small quantity of sludge was digested under standard, high-rate mesophilic conditions. Good methane production was achieved without the addition of external nutrients. As expected, biodegradabilities in decreasing order were hemicellulose, cellulose, crude protein, and lignin. The digester effluent was easily dewatered by filtration without chemical conditioning. Pretreatment of the feed slurry with 3 wt % sodium hydroxide solution under ambient conditions improved methane yield about 20% over that of the fresh untreated feed. A kinetic analysis of the experimental data indicated that hydrolysis or acidification was the rate limiting step of digestion of the biomass-waste blend. It was concluded from this work that biomass-waste blends of the type studied in this work can sustain anaerobic digestion under conventional conditions for long periods with little difficulty. Substantial improvements in methane yield shouldmore » be possible, however, by use of advanced digestion techniques because methane recovery efficiencies in this work ranged up to about 46%.« less
Positron Imaging in Ischemic Stroke Disease Using Compounds Labeled With Oxygen 15 (1981)

Initial results in over 50 patients with stroke suggest that positron images made during continuous inhalation of carbon dioxide labeled with oxygen 15 and molecular oxygen labeled with oxygen 15 provide data on tissue function that may be relevant to acute stroke management. Five cases illustrate the following findings: 15O-activity patterns observed in areas of ischemic injury or infarction are what one would expect if the 15O distributions represented physiologic functions, such as cerebral blood flow and metabolism. Areas of abnormal 15O activity correlate with the clinical or computed tomographic (CT) localization of the deficit. In studies performed acutely, changes in 15O distributions anticipate alterations in CT scans and may be predictive of outcome. Data related to oxygen metabolism correlate better with tissue viability than do those reflecting cerebral blood flow.
Mutual inductance of coils on a cylinder of infinite length (1980)

Magnetic coupling between two thin circular loops coaxial with a cylinder of infinite length and permeability μ is considered. Numerical values of the mutual inductance as a function of relative permeability and the distance between the two loops are presented for the static case. These values represent an upper bound for the low-frequency mutual inductance between two thin circular loops coaxial with a cylinder of finite length located in a conducting half-space. Such a model can be used in the study of a magnetic down-hole-to-surface communication link for oil and gas well testing.