gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface characterization of butyl methacrylate polymers by XPS and static SIMS (1990)

Abstract X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and static secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) were used to identify and quantify different isomeric butyl methacrylate polymers. The samples examined were normal‐, iso‐ and tert ‐ butyl methacrylate ( n ‐, i ‐ and t ‐BuMA) homopolymers and two n / t ‐BuMA random copolymers. XPS could differentiate the various BuMA polymers based on their valence band (VB) lineshapes. Resolution of the C 1s spectra into four Gaussian peaks (hydrocarbon, β‐shifted hydrocarbon, ether and ester) produced similar peak widths and good agreement between the resolved peak areas and the polymer structure. Because of the C 4 carbonium ions formed, static SIMS can distinguish the BuMA homopolymers by the increase in the m / z = 57 + signal (C 4 H 9 + ) from n ‐BuMA to i ‐BuMA to t ‐BuMA. For the n / t ‐BuMA random copolymers, the amount of dehydrogenated C 4 groups produced by static SIMS experiments (positive 55 and negative 71 ions) increased with increasing n ‐Bu concentrations. Any one of several peak intensity ratios (positive 55/57 and 57/69 and negative 57/85 and 71/85) can be used to determine the percentage of n ‐BuMA and t ‐BuMA components present in an n / t ‐BuMA copolymer. A combination of two different peak intensity ratios is required to distinguish the i ‐BuMA polymer from an n / t ‐BuMA copolymer. The clearest differentiation of the BuMAs was obtained by combining XPS VB and static SIMS results.
<title>Wavelet methods for compression, rendering, and descreening in digital halftoning</title> (1997)

Digital halftoning is the process to render continuous-tone images on binary display devices such as printers. Although the transmission of halftone images to printers can be compressed using established lossless protocols, lossy compression methods of the original image can achieve higher efficiencies. We present some experimental work in developing a reversible wavelet-based image compression algorithm that is tuned for halftoning. We also describe a rendering algorithm which is based on the wavelet coefficients from the compressed domain, and which matches the number of dots to the average image intensity at multiple resolutions. Additionally, we address the issue of inverse halftoning using wavelet decompositions of the halftone data.
Muscle K<sub>ATP</sub>Channels: Recent Insights to Energy Sensing and Myoprotection (2010)

ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels are present in the surface and internal membranes of cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle cells and provide a unique feedback between muscle cell metabolism and electrical activity. In so doing, they can play an important role in the control of contractility, particularly when cellular energetics are compromised, protecting the tissue against calcium overload and fiber damage, but the cost of this protection may be enhanced arrhythmic activity. Generated as complexes of Kir6.1 or Kir6.2 pore-forming subunits with regulatory sulfonylurea receptor subunits, SUR1 or SUR2, the differential assembly of K(ATP) channels in different tissues gives rise to tissue-specific physiological and pharmacological regulation, and hence to the tissue-specific pharmacological control of contractility. The last 10 years have provided insights into the regulation and role of muscle K(ATP) channels, in large part driven by studies of mice in which the protein determinants of channel activity have been deleted or modified. As yet, few human diseases have been correlated with altered muscle K(ATP) activity, but genetically modified animals give important insights to likely pathological roles of aberrant channel activity in different muscle types.
[Adverse reaction after use of latanoprost in Japanese glaucoma patients]. (2006)

The incidence of adverse reactions caused by latanoprost was higher in the eyelashes and iris than in the eyelid.
Response of well aquifer systems to Earth tides: Problem revisited (1988)

Two recent works cause us to reexamine Bredehoeft's (1967) analysis of earthtide response of water wells. Narasimhan et al. (1984) raise several questions regarding Bredehoeft's (1967) analysis and suggest that the analysis is internally inconsistent. They argue that one cannot directly estimate the specific storage, which characterizes the drained behavior of a porous medium, from earth tide response, which is an undrained phenomenon. We resolve the questions raised by Narasimhan et al. (1984) and show that Bredehoeft's analysis is internally consistent. In addition, we show that it is possible to determine the specific storage from undrained loading. While Bredehoeft's analysis is somewhat heuristic and neglects grain compressibility, Van der Kamp and Gale (1983) present a more rigorous analysis that is based on Biot's (1941) constitutive relationships and accounts for grain compressibility. However, their results reduce to Bredehoeft's results when grains are assumed incompressible. This suggests that Bredehoeft's analysis has incorporated all the essential features of Biot's relationships except for grain compressibility. Upon reexamining Bredehoeft's analysis we find that this is indeed the case.
Local micro-photoreflectance spectroscopy measurements on type II InGaAlAs/GaAsSb/InP heterojunction bipolar transistor: Correlation with electrical characteristics (2012)

Micro-photoreflectance (micro-PR) is performed on patterned type II InGaAlAs/GaAsSb/InP heterojunction bipolar transistor to locally measure the built-in electric fields. The results show that the efficiency of the electric field modulation correlates with the ideality factor extracted from the electrical characteristics (Gummel characteristics). The Franz-Keldysh oscillations (FKO) completely disappear at the emitter/base heterojunction on devices with high ideality factor (nearly 2), whereas typical FKO spectra are seen on samples with ideality factor ∼1. Such behavior is attributed to the type II recombination across the InGaAlAs/GaAsSb interface which can reduce the photovoltage effect. Prior to the micro-PR experiments, photoluminescence is performed to demonstrate that the InGaAlAs/GaAsSb interface nature is of type II as well as to estimate the band offset discontinuity ΔEC.
Fast and accurate testing of ISDN S/T interface devices using pseudo error rate techniques (2002)

A procedure for extrapolating bit error rates (BERs) from a digital data receiver's ability to decode degraded data properly has been developed for ISDN (integrated services digital network) S/T interface loops. Three methods of signal degradation are described: noise addition, jitter addition, and intersymbol interference. It is shown that pseudo-error-rate (PER) testing reduces test time significantly and can be easily adapted to other forms of digital transmission. 1-s PER tests replacing 2.5-min BER testing are discussed. Results indicate a high degree of repeatability and confidence levels exceeding 90%. PER testing of ISDN S/T interface devices will reduce functional test time to a few seconds or less compared with several minutes for BER testing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of riluzole on electrically evoked neurotransmitter release (2000)

1. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of the neuroprotective agent riluzole on the electrically evoked release of [(3)H]-glutamate ([(3)H]-Glu) in mouse neocortical slices. The reported selectivity of riluzole for excitatory amino acids was tested in release experiments with further neurotransmitters. Also distinct species, mouse, rat and man were compared. 2. [(3)H]-Glu was formed endogenously during incubation of slices with [(3)H]-glutamine ([(3)H]-Gln). Released [(3)H]-Glu and tissue [(3)H]-Glu was separated by anion exchange chromatography. Electrically evoked [(3)H]-Glu release was strongly diminished by tetrodotoxin (TTX) and Ca(2+)-withdrawal. 3. Riluzole (100 microM) depressed the release of [(3)H]-Glu up to 77% (IC(50)=19.5 microM). Riluzole was also able to inhibit strongly the electrically evoked release of [(3)H]-acetylcholine ([(3)H]-ACh) (at 100 microM by 92%, IC(50)=3.3 microM, and [(3)H]-dopamine ([(3)H]-DA) (at 32 microM by 72%, IC(50)=6.8 microM). However, the release of [(3)H]-serotonin ([(3)H]-5-HT) was less diminished (at 100 microM by 53%, IC(50)=39.8 microM). Riluzole up to 100 microM did not affect [(3)H]-noradrenaline ([(3)H]-NA) release. 4. Between species, i.e. in mouse, rat and human neocortex, no significant differences between the effects of riluzole could be observed. 5. The NMDA-receptor blocker MK-801 (1 microM) and the AMPA/Kainate-receptor blocker NBQX (1 microM) did neither affect the electrically evoked [(3)H]-ACh release nor its inhibition by riluzole, indicating that effects of riluzole on transmitter release were neither due to modulation of ionotropic Glu receptors, nor due to indirect inhibition of Glu release through these receptors. 6. Taken together, riluzole inhibits the release of distinct neurotransmitters differently, but is not selective for the excitatory amino acid Glu.
Conditional Expression Demonstrates the Role of the Homeodomain Transcription Factor Pdx1 in Maintenance and Regeneration of β-Cells in the Adult Pancreas (2005)

The homeodomain transcription factor Pdx1 is essential for pancreas development. To investigate the role of Pdx1 in the adult pancreas, we employed a mouse model in which transcription of Pdx1 could be reversibly repressed by administration of doxycycline. Repression of Pdx1 in adult mice impaired expression of insulin and glucagon, leading to diabetes within 14 days. Pdx1 repression was associated with increased cell proliferation predominantly in the exocrine pancreas and upregulation of genes implicated in pancreas regeneration. Following withdrawal of doxycycline and derepression of Pdx1, normoglycemia was restored within 28 days; during this period, Pdx1(+)/Ins(+) and Pdx(+)/Ins(-) cells were observed in association with the duct epithelia. These findings confirm that Pdx1 is required for beta-cell function in the adult pancreas and indicate that in the absence of Pdx1 expression, a regenerative program is initiated with the potential for Pdx1-dependent beta-cell neogenesis.
Physical Layer and Medium Access Control Design in Energy Efficient Sensor Networks: An Overview (2014)

It is now well expected that low-power sensor networks will soon be deployed for a wide variety of applications. These networks could potentially have millions of nodes spread in complex indoor/outdoor environments. One of the major deployment challenges under such diverse communication environments is providing reliable communication links to those low cost and/or battery-powered sensor nodes. Over the past few years, research in physical (PHY)-layer has demonstrated promising progresses on link reliability and energy efficiency. In modern medium access control (MAC) design, energy efficiency has become one of the key requirements and is still a hot research topic. In this overview, we provide a broad view encompassing both PHY- and MAC-layer techniques in the field of sensor networks with a focus on link reliability and energy efficiency. We review work in systems employing various PHY techniques in spatial diversity, energy efficient modulation, packet recovery, and data fusion, as well as MAC protocols in contention-based duty cycling, contention-free duty cycling, and hybrid duty cycling. The latest developments in cross-layer MAC designs that leverage PHY-layer techniques are presented. We also provide a synopsis of recent development and evolution of sensor network applications in industrial communications.
A sulphur matrix complex, elastic fibril composed of a fine core of amorphous elastin and microfibrils was largely accumulated in the aortic intima of aged rats (2003)

We examined elastic fibrils in the aortic intima of aged rats with elastin staining, elastase digestion and X-ray microanalysis. The innermost elastic lamina, heavily stained by a brief treatment with azure II-toluidine blue without heating, was thin and fragmented, and an amorphous substance that stained weakly to moderately was accumulated in the thick subendothelial space of 26-28-month-old rat aortas. The substance was always present in the intimas; to a large extent in the aged rats but rarely in 5-month-old rats, and disappeared after digestion with elastase. The amorphous substance was identified as elastic fibrils approximately 0.1-0.2 microm in diameter under an electron microscope with tannic acid-uranyl acetate/lead citrate staining. Elastase digestion revealed that elastic fibrils were composed of a number of microfibrils, which were 10-12 nm in diameter, in and around a fine core of amorphous elastin. X-ray microanalysis revealed a clear peak of sulphur in the elastic fibrils.
Glucosinolates in Crop Plants (1996)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Biodistribution, Chemistry, and Biochemistry Analysis Levels of Glucosinolates in Plants Factors Associated With Glucosinolate Variation Biological Effects Flavor Coneluding Remarks/Prospects Literature Cited
Graphene has ultra high piezoresistive gauge factor (2012)

We report the first-ever use of graphene as a piezoresistive element in a MEMS device, and report on a giant piezoresistivity in the graphene films used on our devices. Owing to the layer nature and the effective confinement of electrons in two-dimensions, applied strain in the graphene films is likely to create large changes in conductivity as the electrons are forces to traverse larger potential wells along increased bond-lengths or result in modulation of current along grain boundaries and multiple graphene layers. In this paper we report a very high piezoresistive gauge factor of 1.8×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> . This gauge factor is orders of magnitude higher than that of most piezoresistive materials used in MEMS. This high value of piezoresistivity could be transformative in reinterpretation of the use of piezoresistivity for various hybrid transduction approaches.
Method and Apparatus for Collecting Impact Test Data (1974)

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 15-17, 1974 / International Hotel, Los Angeles, California
Toughening of Epoxy Resins with Thermoplastics: 3. An Investigation into the Effects of Composition on the Properties of Epoxy Resin Blends (1997)

Three different epoxy resins, based on the diglycidylether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), triglycidyl-p-aminophenol (TGPAP) and tetra-glycidyldiaminodiphenylmethane (TGDDM), which are di-, tri- and tetrafunctional, respectively, were mixed in varying proportions and cured with both 3,3′-diaminodiphenylsulphone and 4,4′-[1,4-phenylene(1-methylethylidene)]bis(2,6-dimethylbenzenamine) (EPON 1062-M from Shell). All the blends could be satisfactorily cured and gave homogeneous materials. The dynamic mechanical and fracture properties of the cured materials were measured. It was found that the glass transition temperature varied with composition systematically, whereas values of the strain energy release rate (G1c) and the stress intensity factor (K1c) showed relatively small variations with the blend composition. Toughened epoxy resins were prepared by adding a polyetherimide (PEI), in varying proportions, to the resin mixture. The ‘toughenabilities’ of different resins, or resin mixtures, were compared. This showed that the 75/25 TGPAP/DGEBA resin mixture was the most toughenable. Adding 20% of PEI led to a more than three-fold increase of the G1c value. © of SCI.
Synthesen in der 2‐Aza‐bicyclo‐[0.3.3]‐octan‐Reihe (1959)

Abstract Die Darstellung von Cyclopentano‐2.3‐pyrrolidinen (2‐Aza‐bicyclo‐[0.3.3]‐octanen) gelingt durch Reduktion der entspr. 3‐Oxo‐Derivate mit Lithiumaluminiumhydrid. Letztere sind nach drei Methoden zugänglich: durch reduzierende Cyclisierung der Cyclopentanon‐(2)‐essigsäure‐(1) mit Raney‐Nickel/Wasserstoff bei Gegenwart primärer Amine oder Ammoniak; durch Austausch des Ringsauerstoffs im cis ‐2‐Hydroxy‐cyclopentylessigsäure‐lacton mit primären Aminen oder Ammoniak bei Gegenwart von deren halogenwasserstoffsauren Salzen bzw. unter Druck; durch Wasserabspaltung aus 2‐Hydroxycyclopentylacetamiden. — Als weitere Produkte dieser Reaktionen werden oftmals die isomeren Δ 1 ‐Cyclopentenylacetamide beobachtet, die sich mit Lithiumalanat zu β‐Δ 1 ‐Cyclopentenyl‐äthylaminen reduzieren ließen.
SDH signal transfer method based on ATM techniques (1994)

Abstract Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks are nonhierarchical networks that can reduce network cost and simplify network operation, administration, maintenance, and provisioning. During the period in which ATM and existing synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) networks coexist, it is necessary to convey SDH signals using ATM technologies. First, the SDH signal transport units, the VC or TU/AU level, are considered and the best choice is found to be TU/AU. Next, algorithms for handling lost and misdelivered cells using the sequence number SN and its protection SNP are presented. Finally, SDH signal phase information transport methods are discussed.
Isolation of Proteinase K-Sensitive Prions Using Pronase E and Phosphotungstic Acid (2010)

Disease-related prion protein, PrP(Sc), is classically distinguished from its normal cellular precursor, PrP(C), by its detergent insolubility and partial resistance to proteolysis. Molecular diagnosis of prion disease typically relies upon detection of protease-resistant fragments of PrP(Sc) using proteinase K, however it is now apparent that the majority of disease-related PrP and indeed prion infectivity may be destroyed by this treatment. Here we report that digestion of RML prion-infected mouse brain with pronase E, followed by precipitation with sodium phosphotungstic acid, eliminates the large majority of brain proteins, including PrP(C), while preserving >70% of infectious prion titre. This procedure now allows characterization of proteinase K-sensitive prions and investigation of their clinical relevance in human and animal prion disease without being confounded by contaminating PrP(C).
The Gaussian derivative model for spatial vision: I. Retinal mechanisms (1987)

Physiological evidence is presented that visual receptive fields in the primate eye are shaped like the sum of a Gaussian function and its Laplacian. A new 'difference-of-offset-Gaussians' or DOOG neural mechanism was identified, which provided a plausible neural mechanism for generating such Gaussian derivative-like fields. The DOOG mechanism and the associated Gaussian derivative model provided a better approximation to the data than did the Gabor or other competing models. A model-free Wiener filter analysis provided independent confirmation of these results. A machine vision system was constructed to simulate human foveal retinal vision, based on Gaussian derivative filters. It provided edge and line enhancement (deblurring) and noise suppression, while retaining all the information in the original image.
Magnetic Annealing and Directional Ordering of an Amorphous Ferromagnetic Alloy (1975)

The amorphous ferromagnetic alloy ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{75}$${\mathrm{P}}_{15}$${\mathrm{C}}_{10}$ has been found to respond reversibly to magnetic annealing treatments. The response has been studied (a) by measurements of the $\ensuremath{\Delta}E$ effect, which is unusually large, (b) by measurements of the magnetostriction, and (c) by torque curves which yield a value of 550 erg/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$ for the uniaxial anisotropy parameter ${K}_{u}$. Internal-friction measurements reveal that the alloy is also susceptible to stress-induced ordering, with an activation energy of 2.2 eV.
Understanding and improving JVM GC work stealing at the data center scale (2016)

Garbage collection (GC) is a critical part of performance in managed run-time systems such as the OpenJDK Java Virtual Machine (JVM). With a large number of latency sensitive applications written in Java the performance of the JVM is essential. Java application servers run in data centers on a large number of multi-core servers, thus load balancing in multi-threaded GC phases is critical. Dynamic load balancing in the JVM GC is achieved through work stealing, a well known and effective method to balance tasks across threads. This paper analyzes the JVM work stealing behaviour, and introduces a novel work stealing technique that improves performance, GC CPU utilization, scalability, and reduces the cost of jobs running on Google’s data-centers. We analyze both the DaCapo benchmark suite as well as Google’s data-center jobs. Our results show that the Gmail front-end server shows a 15-20% GC CPU reduction, and a 5% CPU performance improvement. Our analysis of a sample of ~59K jobs shows that GC CPU utilization improves by 38% geomean, 12% weighted geomean. GC pause time improves by 16% geomean, 20% weighted geomean. Full GC pause time improves by 34% geomean, 12% weighted geomean.
An Investigation of Regenerative Blowers and Pumps (1979)

The regenerative turbomachine was investigated as a pressure-increasing device, using both air and water as working fluids. Three machines were involved, representing two geometries. A non-dimensional correlation was developed, relating pressure and flow to driving torque. This was confirmed by experiments, using data from widely separated investigations. This information was used to prepare a study of maximum efficiency as a function of specific speed. A single loss coefficient was found to be the governing parameter.
The York course (1982)

Craig Wilson was the first professional officer to be employed to work with the Victorian Historic Buildings preservation Council. Since 1975 he has gained a wealth of experience in dealing with the heritage of that State and in 1980 took the opportunity to expand his knowledge by undertaking the Diploma of Conservation Studies course at the institute of Advanced Architectural studies, university of York. His review of that course follows.
Connection policies and controlled interference (2002)

A communication policy is a specification for permitted communication among system agents. A system exhibits noninterference with respect to a policy if every agent is insensitive to the presence of agents with which it may not communicate. A communication policy specifies the presence or absence of communication between agents, but it does not specify how permitted communication may occur. In this paper we present a refinement of a communication policy, which we call a connection policy. A connection policy specifies the channels along which permitted communication may occur. A system observes controlled interference when its connection policy is satisfied. When a connection policy is consistent with a communication policy, controlled interference guarantees noninterference. We discuss Rushby's notion of separation. In light of controlled interference, and briefly relate controlled interference to type enforcement. The formalization of the controlled interference theory is built on the state-based formulation of noninterference previously developed by two of the authors. A theme of this paper is that a state-based approach to these issues is simple and useful.
Screening of Microorganisms for Catechol Production from Benzene (1986)

Pseudomonas strain BE-81, capable of growing significantly on benzene as a sole carbon source, was isolated from enrichment culture. Strain BE-81 is suggested to metabolize benzene by the oxidation system via benzene glycol as an intermediate, and to be suitable for the continuous production of catechol without addition or regeneration of NADH2. The catechol accumulating mutant, strain 136R-3, was developed from strain BE-81 by complete blockage of catechol catabolisms including the meta and ortho pathways, using double mutagenesis induced by NTG, and enrichment by non-selective growth with p-hydroxy-benzoate, suicide treatment with halogenated compounds and antibiotics lysises in the presence of benzene and benzoate.