gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transepithelial water permeability in microperfused distal airways. Evidence for channel-mediated water transport. (1996)

Water movement across the airway epithelium is important for regulation of the volume and composition of airspace fluid. A novel approach is reported here to measure osmotic and diffusional water permeability in intact airways. Small airways (100-200 microns diameter, 1-2 mm length) from guinea pig lung were microdissected and perfused in vitro using concentric glass holding and perfusion pipettes. For measurement of osmotic water permeability (Pf), the airway lumen was perfused wit PBS (300 mOsM) containing a membrane impermeable fluorophore, fluorescein sulfonate (FS), and the airway was bathed in solutions of specified osmolalities. Pf determination was based on the changes in FS fluorescence at the distal end of the airway resulting from transepithelial water transport. Pf was 4-5 x 10(-3) cm/s at 23 degrees C and independent of lumen flow rate (10-100 nl/min) and the magnitude and direction of the osmotic gradient (bath osmolality 50-600 mOsM). Temperature dependence measurements gave an activation energy of 4.4 kcal/mol (15-37 degrees C). Pf was not altered by 0.3 mM HgCl2 or 50 microM forskolin, but was increased to 31 x 10(-3) cm/s by 100 micrograms/ml amphotericin B, indicating that osmosis is not limited by unstirred layers. Diffusional water permeability (Pd) was measured by H2O/D2O (deuterium oxide) exchange using the H2O/D2O-sensitive fluorescent probe aminonapthelane trisulfonic acid in the lumen. Measured Pd was 3-6 x 10(-6) cm/s at 23 degrees C, indicating significant restriction to water diffusion by unstirred layers. Antibody localization of water channels showed strong expression of the mercurial-insensitive water channel (AQP-4) at the basolateral membrane of airway epithelial cells. These results provide functional evidence that water movement across the distal airway epithelium is mediated by water channels.
Detection and isolation of antigen‐specific immune complexes from sera of melanoma patients (1990)

Detection of antigen-specific circulating immune complexes (IC) in sera from cancer patients provides an approach for defining tumor antigens that induce a host immune response and could prove useful for purposes of immunoprognosis. In the present study, a sandwich ELISA was developed to detect antigen-specific IC in cancer patients, utilizing a murine monoclonal antibody designated MAb JSI. The MAb was produced by cell fusion using standard hybridoma technology following immunization with a partially purified fetal antigen that had been isolated from the spent culture medium of a melanoma cell line. The partially purified antigen appeared to be broadly expressed on melanomas, sarcomas, and carcinomas. The MAb was mass-produced in pristine-primed mice. MAb JSI reacted with the cultured melanoma cell M14 but not the autologous lymphoblastoid cell L14. Following purification by ammonium sulfate precipitation, the MAb was immobilized on polystyrene plates and utilized to capture antigen-specific immune complexes from sera of melanoma patients which were detected with anti-human globulins. The second antibody in the sandwich was shown to be endogenous human IgG. Antigen-specific immune complexes were present in melanoma patients but only infrequently in sera from normal individuals and patients with active autoimmune disease. Antigen-specific immune complexes detected in melanoma sera were isolated by affinity chromatography utilizing the MAb JSI. The assay described in this report is simple and reproducible, without plate effect (p = 0.97) or time effect (p = 0.34) and could provide a useful new approach to examine the role of antigen-specific circulating immune complex analysis in cancer patients.
Ram accelerator - A new chemical method for accelerating projectilesto ultrahigh velocities (1988)

A new method for accelerating projectiles from velocities of ~0.7 km/s up to -12 km/s using chemical energy is presented in this paper. The concept, called the accelerator, is based on gasdynamic principles similar to those of an airbreathing ramjet but operates in a different manner. The projectile, which resembles the center body of a ramjet, travels through a tube filled with a premixed gaseous fuel and oxidizer mixture. The tube becomes the outer cowling of the ramjet, and the energy release process travels with the projectile. By tailoring the propellant mixture along the tube, a nearly constant acceleration can be achieved. In principle, the ram accelerator can be scaled for projectile masses ranging from grams to hundreds of kilograms and is capable of ballistic efficiencies as high as 30%. A straightforwar d, quasisteady, one-dimensional approach is used to model the acceleration process. The experimental facility developed to investigate the concept is described, and the results of recent experiments are presented. The velocity range of 690-1500 m/s has been explored in a 4.88-m long, 38-mm bore accelerator tube. Using methane, oxygen, and various diluents, accelerations of up to 16,000 g have been achieved with 75 gm projectiles and gas fill pressures of 20 atm. Proof of concept has been demonstrated, and agreement between theory and experiment has been found to be very good.
Molecular Cloning, Expression, and Characterization of Podocalyxin-like Protein 1 from Rabbit as a Transmembrane Protein of Glomerular Podocytes and Vascular Endothelium (1995)

Podocytes are responsible in part for maintaining the size and charge filtration characteristics of the glomerular filter. The major sialoprotein of the podocyte foot process glycocalyx is a 140-kDa sialoprotein named podocalyxin. Monoclonal antibodies raised against isolated rabbit glomeruli that recognized a podocalyxin-like protein base upon size, Alcian blue staining, wheat germ agglutinin binding, and distribution in renal cortex were used to expression clone cDNAs from a rabbit glomerular library. On Northern blot the cDNAs hybridized to a 5.5-kilobase pair transcript predominantly present in glomerulus. The overlapping cDNAs spanned 5,313 base pairs that contained an open reading frame of 1,653 base pairs and were not homologous with a previously described sequence. The deduced 551-amino acid protein contained a putative 21-residue N-terminal signal peptide and a 26-amino acid transmembrane region. The mature protein has a calculated molecular mass of 55 kDa, an extracellular domain that contains putative sites for N- and O-linked glycosylation, and a potential glycosaminoglycan attachment sites. The intracellular domain contains potential sites for phosphorylation. Processing of the full-length coding region in COS-7 cells resulted in a 140-kDa band, suggesting that the 55-kDa core protein undergoes extensive post-translational modification. The relationship between the cloned molecule and the monoclonal antibodies used for cloning was confirmed by making a fusion protein that inhibited binding of the monoclonal antibodies to renal cortical tissue sections and then raising polyclonal antibodies against the PCLP1 fusion protein that also recognized glomerular podocytes and endothelial cells in tissue sections in a similar distribution to the monoclonal antibodies. We conclude that we have cloned and sequenced a novel transmembrane core glycoprotein from rabbit glomerulus, which has many of the characteristics of podocalyxin. We have named this protein podocalyxin-like protein 1.
Effects of a lightly-doped-drain (LDD) implantation condition on the device characteristics of polycrystalline-Si thin-film transistors (2006)

Effects of a lightly-doped-drain (LDD) implantation condition on the device characteristics of poly-Si TFT have been studied. For a LDD implantation dose of 2–4 × 1013 cm−2, no significantly large difference in on-state current and off-state leakage is found. For a LDD implantation energy of 50–100 keV, however, the higher LDD implantation energy results in smaller off-state leakage and more reduction of the kink effect. These results are attributable to the more gradual and more widely distributed LDD dopant profile and thus the reduction of electric field near the drain region. As a result, a poly-Si TFT with better device performance and Ion/Ioff ratio can be implemented through the proper scheme of the LDD implantation condition.
Inversion in the steady state: contrast optimization and reduced imaging time with fast three-dimensional inversion-recovery-prepared GRE pulse sequences. (1994)

T1-weighted contrast comparable with that of magnetization-prepared rapid GRE sequences with a 1-second delay and preparation time (TP) of 600-700 msec can be achieved in less time by using a zero delay and a shorter TP (400-500 msec).
A new distance for scale-invariant 3D shape recognition and registration (2011)

This paper presents a method for vote-based 3D shape recognition and registration, in particular using mean shift on 3D pose votes in the space of direct similarity transforms for the first time. We introduce a new distance between poses in this space-the SRT distance. It is left-invariant, unlike Euclidean distance, and has a unique, closed-form mean, in contrast to Riemannian distance, so is fast to compute. We demonstrate improved performance over the state of the art in both recognition and registration on a real and challenging dataset, by comparing our distance with others in a mean shift framework, as well as with the commonly used Hough voting approach.
Demand Satisfaction Communities: New Operational Relationships in the Information Age (2000)

The recent emergence of new organizational forms, for which the term demand satisfaction communities (DSC) is proposed, raises the question as to whether supply chain management practices are about to become obsolete. By tracking the history of practices and comparing them with those required to support the newly emerging forms of organizational relationships, it is possible to conclude that we are indeed on the threshold of a major change. Supply chain managers need not be intimidated. They are as well placed as anyone to play significant roles in creating and managing the new communities.
Supraphysiologic Concentrations of Cerulein Induce Apoptosis in the Rat Pancreatic Acinar Cell Line AR4-2J (1999)

Little is known as yet about the role of apoptosis in pancreatic damage. This study evaluated the effects of supraphysiologic concentrations of the cholecystokinin (CCK) analog, cerulein, which causes cell damage in vitro and acute pancreatitis in vivo, on cell proliferation and DNA fragmentation in the rat pancreatic acinar cell line AR4-2J. Cerulein inhibited the cell proliferation of AR4-2J time- and dose-dependently to approximately 60% of the control level at 10(-6) M after 72 h. DNA fragmentation, as assessed by both electrophoresis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), occurred at cerulein concentrations > or = 10(-8) M. The maximal DNA fragmentation as measured by ELISA was reached after 24 h. Cerulein at concentrations > or = 10(-9) M induced wild-type p53. Glutathione (1 mM) diminished the effects of cerulein on both cell proliferation and DNA fragmentation, whereas spermine (100 microM), which partially attenuated DNA fragmentation, did not have an effect on cell proliferation. The CCK-A-receptor antagonist loxiglumide completely abolished the effect of cerulein on DNA fragmentation. The serine-protease inhibitor FUT-175 (10 microM), the cysteine-protease inhibitor NCO-700 (5 mM), and ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA; 500 microM) all had no effects on the changes in cell proliferation and DNA fragmentation induced by cerulein. The data suggest that supraphysiologic concentrations of cerulein rapidly induce apoptosis in AR4-2J cells and only later inhibit cell proliferation. These effects are mediated by CCK-A receptors. Cerulein-induced apoptosis may involve the induction of wild-type p53 or glutathione depletion or both.
Efficient diffractive optics made by single-step electron beam lithography in solid PMMA (1997)

Diffractive optics are of increasing interest as they can be used to make compact optical components of great complexity. However, they require precision of fabrication on a scale significantly below the operating wavelength in order to achieve high efficiency. We describe a new technique for making multilevel diffractive optics in a single step by the patterning of solid poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) as opposed to conventional thin films. We have characterized the process to optimize it for development, dose, and beam current. Using the technique we have made blazed diffraction gratings for use in transmission or reflection with efficiencies as high as 83% at a wavelength of 514 nm. The method is excellent for rapid prototyping of designs and we anticipate that it may be used to make embossing masters for lens fabrication into other materials.
Clinical and Epidemiological Studies on an Outbreak of Aseptic Meningitis Caused by Coxsackie B5 and A9 Viruses in Aomori in 1961 (1964)

In the summer of 1961, an outbreak of aseptic meningitis caused by Coxsackie B5 virus and to a lesser extent, by Coxsackie A9 virus took place in Aomori City and the adjacent rural communities. A total of 417 patients with aseptic meningitis in the epidemic were studied clinically and epidemiologically. Peak incidence was observed in July to August. Most patients distributed in infants and children under 10 years. The morbidity rate under 15 years of age was more than 500 per 100, 000 persons. The predominant clinical manifestations of this outbreak were aseptic meningitis. However, one pleurodynia caused by B5 virus and one fatal case of uncertain etiology were found. No paralytic poliomyelitis was observed during the epidemic period. No significant differences were noted between the clinical features of aseptic meningitis caused by B5 virus and those by A9 virus, except that abdominal pain was more predominant in the former. Laboratory findings revealed significant elevation of amylase levels in serum and/or urine in 30.9% of the cases with B5 virus infection and 23.0% of the cases with A9 virus infection. This suggested that pancreatic involvement was not rare in the infections caused by either B5 or A9 virus.
Asymmetric two-step GaAlAs quantum well for cascaded second-order processes (1994)

An asymmetric two-step GaAlAs quantum-well suitable for applications that employ the cascading second-order nonlinear effect is proposed. The existence of a large /spl chi//sub zzz//sup (2)/ (d/sub 33/) second-order susceptibility tensor based on transitions between the light hole and the conduction band at a wavelength of 1.55 /spl mu/m is demonstrated. The expression for /spl chi//sub zzz//sup (2)/ is obtained using the density matrix formalism and the envelope function approximation including the valence band-mixing model. The magnitude of the /spl chi//sub zzz//sup (2)/ is estimated to be of the same order as that of the bulk GaAs material and /spl chi//sub xzx//sup (2)/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stage-dependent evaluation of microsatellite instability in gastric carcinoma with familial clustering. (1997)

Familial clustering of gastric cancer is probably caused by multifactorial processes, both environmental and genetic. In this report, the incidence of microsatellite instability (MSI) in 31 cases of gastric cancer in Japanese (33 lesions) with familial clustering (two or more gastric cancers within second-degree relatives) was compared to MSI in Japanese cases without a family of any cancer in age ( +/- 10 years)-, stage-, and histological subtype-matched case-control study. Although the difference noted was not significant, we noted a strong trend for MSI at any of up to seven loci of CA repeats to occur more frequently in the patients with a family history of gastric than in the control patients in early cancer (intramucosal and submucosal), whereas the prevalence of MSI was similar in both groups in more advanced cases, in which the tumor invaded beyond the proper muscle layer of the gastric wall. Because the contribution of a family history of gastric cancer to MSI apparently differs in early and advanced gastric cancer, interpretation of MSI in familial gastric cancer cases published previously require reevaluation in terms of stage and proper controls. An acquisition of CA repeat alterations in the early stage rather than in the late stage of gastric carcinogenesis may have in common etiological factors, at least in some cases, with the familial clustering of gastric cancer.
Functionalisation of MOF open metal sites with pendant amines for CO2 capture (2012)

The present work deals with the study of the effect of functionalisation of open metal sites in [Cu3(btc)2] (btc = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate) [HKUST-1] with bifunctional amines for CO2 adsorption under dry and humid conditions.
Cure characteristics and physicomechanical properties of natural rubber modified with phosphorylated cashew nut shell liquid prepolymer?A comparison with aromatic oil (1999)

Natural rubber (NR) has been modified with 10 phr each of phosphorylated cashew nut shell liquid (PCNSL) prepolymer and an aromatic oil (spindle oil) in a typical semi-efficient vulcanization (SEV) system. Despite the lower chemical crosslink density, the PCNSL modified NR vulcanizate showed higher tensile strength, elongation at break, thermal stability, and resistances to fatigue failure and thermo-oxidative decomposition, as compared to the vulcanizate containing the same dosage of spindle oil. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 73: 813–818, 1999
Overview of the DICOM standard (2008)

Digital technology has in the last few decades entered almost every aspect of medicine. There has been a huge development in noninvasive medical imaging equipment. Because there are many medical equipment manufacturers, a standard for storage and exchange of medical images needed to be developed. DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine) makes medical image exchange more easy and independent of the imaging equipment manufacturer. Besides the image data, DICOM file format supports other information useful to describe the image. This makes DICOM easy to use and the data exchange fast and safe while avoiding possible confusion caused by multiple files for the same study.
Identification of an Anti‐Human Osteogenic Sarcoma Monoclonal‐Antibody‐Defined Antigen on Mitogen‐Stimulated Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (1983)

An anti-human osteogenic sarcoma monoclonal antibody (mouse IgG2b) termed 791T/36 was found to exert complement-dependent cytotoxicity against phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMN) cells. This reaction was examined by flow cytofluorimetry using indirect membrane immunofluorescence to detect cell-bound antibody and by measurement of the binding of fluorescein-isothiocyanate-conjugated 791T/36 antibody to cells. The antibody reacted strongly with peripheral blood blast cells induced by PHA, and there was negligible reactivity with resting lymphocytes. Maximum binding was observed after 3 days' culture with PHA, coinciding with maximum DNA synthesis, and this represented of the order of 2 X 10(5) antibody molecules bound per cell. After cell surface radioiodination of PHA-stimulated PBMN cells, detergent lysis and immunoprecipitation of antigen with 791T/36 antibody and Sepharose-protein A, the apparent molecular weight of this antigen was determined to be 72,000 by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This is identical to that of the 791T/36-defined antigen expressed on various osteogenic sarcoma cell lines [3, 17], and by this criterion the antigen is distinguishable from other cell surface markers of activated human lymphocytes.
Multiple Source Quantum Well Model of Porous Silicon Light Emission (1996)

Based on photoluminescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy results, a new light emitting model for porous silicon (multiple source quantum well model) is proposed.
Octacosanol Supplementation Increases Running Endurance Time and Improves Biochemical Parameters After Exhaustion in Trained Rats (2003)

This study evaluated the effects of octacosanol on running performance and related biochemical parameters in exercise-trained rats run to exhaustion on a treadmill. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of three groups - sedentary control group (SC), exercise-trained control group (EC), and exercise-trained, octacosanol-supplemented group (EO) - and raised on either control or octacosanol (0.75%)-supplemented diet with (or without for SC rats) exercise-training for 4 weeks. EC rats ran 184% longer until exhaustion than SC rats (P <.01), while octacosanol-supplemented trained rats ran 46% longer than EC rats (P <.05). Under the exhausted state immediately following the running performance test, EO rats exhibited significantly higher plasma ammonia and lactate concentrations compared with the values for EC rats (P <.05). Although EO rats ran significantly longer until exhausted, their plasma glucose level and gastronecmius muscle glycogen concentration were not significantly different from those of EC rats. Dietary supplementation of octacosanol resulted in significantly higher creatine phosphokinase activity in plasma (44% increase, P <.01) and citrate synthase activity in muscle (16% increase, P<.01) of exercise-trained rats. These results suggest that the ergogenic properties of octacosanol include the sparing of muscle glycogen stores and increases in the oxidative capacity in the muscle of exercise-trained rats.
Massage (2001)

市場為替レートの変動は多くの諸要素によって決定され，必ずしもそれぞれの貨幣のもつ購買力を反映していない。多国間経済を国際比較する場合に，為替レートを使用して換算する方法は名目的な比較にすぎない。とくに中国と日本のような発展途上国と先進国との比較分析はこの意味においてより多くの困難をともなうことになる。両国間の絶対価格水準および各財・サービス間の相対比価がともに大きく異なっているからである。ここでは中日間産業別の購買力平価(Purchasing Power Parities:PPP)を測定し，それによって中日価格水準の差をなくした産業連関表を作成して実質比較を試みる。
Efforts towards gaining a better understanding of the remote field eddy current phenomenon and expanding its applications (1996)

The paper begins with a brief summary of previous work done by the authors on gaining a better understanding of the remote field eddy current (RFEC) phenomenon and expanding the range of applications. It then introduces three new findings: (1) Modeling and experimental study of the RFEC phenomenon as observed from one side of both ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic plates. (2) Numerical prediction of possible existence of the RFEC phenomenon external to conducting tubes. (3) Numerical study of its possible application in underwater target detection problems.
Clinical Implications of Mitochondrial Dysfunction (2006)

Mitochondria produce metabolic energy, serve as biosensors for oxidative stress, and eventually become effector organelles for cell death through apoptosis. The extent to which these manifold mitochondrial functions are altered by previously unrecognized actions of anesthetic agents seems to explain and link a wide variety of perioperative phenomena that are currently of interest to anesthesiologists from both a clinical and a scientific perspective. In addition, many surgical patients may be at increased perioperative risk because of inherited or acquired mitochondrial dysfunction leading to increased oxidative stress. This review summarizes the essential aspects of the bioenergetic process, presents current knowledge regarding the effects of anesthetics on mitochondrial function and the extent to which mitochondrial state determines anesthetic requirement and potential anesthetic toxicity, and considers some of the many implications that our knowledge of mitochondrial dysfunction poses for anesthetic management and perioperative medicine.