gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chromatographic Methods for Analysis of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics (1999)

Aminoglycosides are antimicrobial agents used frequently in treatment of human and animal diseases caused by aerobic, gram-negative bacteria. Because of the toxicity of these compounds, considerable effort has been attributed to analysis of aminoglycoside content in drug preparations, in serum and urine specimen in therapeutic drug monitoring, and in edible animal tissues in residue control. The present review emphasizes the analytical problems associated with aminoglycoside analysis. Screening methods based on microbiological and immunological procedures were briefly discussed. Gas chromatography and especially high-performance liquid chromatography appeared the most widely used chemical methods for the analysis of these compounds. Due to lack of volatility, chromophore, and hydrophility of aminoglycosides, most methods applied derivatization for enhancement of their chromatographic characteristics. The applicability and advantages of the various derivatization procedures were discussed in detail. A wide variety of detection methods, including mass spectrometry have been used. Packed column separation was generally used for gas chromatographic separation. In liquid chromatography, reversed phase, ion pair, ion exchange, and normal phase separation has been employed. Mass spectrometry, as a detection method, was discussed in detail. Extraction procedures from body fluids and tissues were emphasized. The performance and the operational conditions of the methods were described and detailed information of the data was provided also in table format.
The water footprint of humanity (2012)

This study quantifies and maps the water footprint (WF) of humanity at a high spatial resolution. It reports on consumptive use of rainwater (green WF) and ground and surface water (blue WF) and volumes of water polluted (gray WF). Water footprints are estimated per nation from both a production and consumption perspective. International virtual water flows are estimated based on trade in agricultural and industrial commodities. The global annual average WF in the period 1996-2005 was 9,087 Gm(3)/y (74% green, 11% blue, 15% gray). Agricultural production contributes 92%. About one-fifth of the global WF relates to production for export. The total volume of international virtual water flows related to trade in agricultural and industrial products was 2,320 Gm(3)/y (68% green, 13% blue, 19% gray). The WF of the global average consumer was 1,385 m(3)/y. The average consumer in the United States has a WF of 2,842 m(3)/y, whereas the average citizens in China and India have WFs of 1,071 and 1,089 m(3)/y, respectively. Consumption of cereal products gives the largest contribution to the WF of the average consumer (27%), followed by meat (22%) and milk products (7%). The volume and pattern of consumption and the WF per ton of product of the products consumed are the main factors determining the WF of a consumer. The study illustrates the global dimension of water consumption and pollution by showing that several countries heavily rely on foreign water resources and that many countries have significant impacts on water consumption and pollution elsewhere.
Basic FGF-responsive telencephalic precursor cells express functional GABAA receptor/Cl? channelsin vitro (1998)

We have previously described the expression of specific gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor subunits and their transcripts in the cortical neuroepithelium (Ma and Barker, 1995, 1998). However, it is not clear whether neural precursor cells exposed to basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in vitro reproduce the biological properties of neuroepithelial cells in vivo within the embryonic ventricular zone. In the present study, neural precursor cells were isolated from the telencephalic neuroepithelium of embryonic day 13-13.5 rats and exposed to bFGF in serum-free medium. Basic FGF-responsive cells were capable of dividing and differentiating into neurons and astrocytes. The rapidly dividing cells formed multicellular spheres and then a rosette-like formation in which a majority of cells expressed GABA(A) receptor alpha4, beta1, or gamma1 subunit proteins. We found in perforated patch-clamp recordings that GABA depolarized bromodeoxyundine (BrdU)+ precursor cells, and under voltage-clamp induced a bicuculline-sensitive current that reversed at the Cl- equilibrium potential. GABA also increased cytoplasmic Ca2+ in a significant number of BrdU+ cells that was blocked by bicuculline. The bicuculline sensitivity of these pharmacological effects implicates GABA(A) receptor/Cl- channels, since bicuculline is a competitive GABA(A) antagonist at these channels in well-differentiated cells. It is possible that the three GABA(A) receptor subunits (alpha4, beta1, and gamma1) found in precursor cells form the Cl- channels detected electrophysiologically. The functional GABA(A) receptor/Cl- channels and associated regulation of their cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels via bicuculline-sensitive mechanisms may play significant roles in the regulation of neural cell proliferation in this model neuroepithelium.
VIP-FS: A VIrtual, Parallel File System for High Performance Parallel and Distributed Computing (2007)

In the past couple of years, significant progress has been made in the development of message-passing libraries for parallel and distributed computing, and in the area of high-speed networking. These advances in computing technology have also led to a tremendous increase in the amount of data being manipulated and produced by scientific and commercial application programs. Despite their popularity, message-passing libraries only provide part of the support necessary for most high performance distributed computing applications -- support for high speed parallel I/O is still lacking. In this paper, we provide an overview of the conceptual design of a parallel and distributed I/O file system, the Virtual Parallel File System (VIP-FS), and describe its implementation. VIP-FS makes use of message-passing libraries to provide a parallel and distributed file system which can execute over multiprocessor machines or heterogeneous network environments.
Oral vinorelbine (Navelbine) in the treatment of advanced breast cancer. (1995)

Vinorelbine (Navelbine; Burroughs Wellcome Co, Research Triangle Park, NC; Pierre Fabre Médicament, Paris, France) has been formulated as a liquid-filled, soft gelatin capsule. Pharmacokinetic studies of this agent indicate that it has a large volume of distribution, a long terminal half-life, and a high clearance rate. The pharmacokinetics of vinorelbine are similar whether the drug is administered orally or intravenously. Oral vinorelbine has a low bioavailability, which may be due to a high first-pass effect. Preliminary results from two multicenter phase II trials of oral vinorelbine in patients with advanced breast cancer are presented. In one study of 98 advanced breast cancer patients aged 65 years and older with limited prior therapy, the response rate of oral vinorelbine was 24% (complete response, 5%; partial response, 19%). In a study of 131 heavily pretreated patients with advanced breast cancer, the response rate of oral vinorelbine was 11% (complete response, 0%; partial response, 11%). In both studies, oral vinorelbine was generally well tolerated. As with intravenous administration, neutropenia is common and neuropathy is infrequent. In contrast to intravenous administration, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are common. Based on these preliminary results, further clinical investigation of oral vinorelbine is warranted.
Patient positioning outcomes for women undergoing gynaecological surgeries. (2002)

The purpose of this study was to determine if women undergoing gynecological surgery experienced post-operative pain, separate from surgical site pain, in the lower extremities. The study used a quasi-experimental, comparative, exploratory design. A convenience sample of 153 women, mostly day surgery patients, comprised the study sample. The women were divided into two groups; Group I consisted of women for specific procedures requiring the lithotomy position and Group II consisted of women for specific procedures requiring the supine position. Descriptive statistics were used in the data analysis of the positioning guidelines and pain scale scores. Pearson's Moment Correlations were used to determine relationships among the variables and T-test analysis was used to compare the differences between the two groups. The study found that 41% (n = 63) of the women (N = 153) had pain in the lower extremities, separate from incisional site pain, post surgery. Women who were in position for more than 60 minutes had significantly more pain than those who were in position for less than 60 minutes. Of those who reported pain (41%) there was no difference between the supine and lithotomy groups as to the incidence and severity of the pain. Of those in the lithotomy group who reported pain, there was no difference in the reporting of pain based on the type of stirrup used.
A Semantic Extension of a Hierarchical Storage Management System for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (2011)

Abstract. The number of company data deposited in hierarchical storage management systems heavily increases. Thus, new approaches are necessary to keep track of a data pool. This paper introduces a semantic storage extension (SSE) for existing hierarchical storage management systems that allows them to exploit semantic relations between files and use them for a more efficient and more intelligent data management. Our approach enhances traditional hierarchical storage management systems regarding migration, deletion, and retrieval operations by making use of semantic relations between files and contextual knowledge. Thereby a predictive file management is possible, which contributes to an increasing system performance and a better user experience. To this end, the SSE uses extracted features of documents to define relations between them and also offers the possibility to specify additional knowledge by a domain expert.
Wavefront compensation lens system in an arrayed-waveguide grating for hybrid integration of a phase encoding mirror (2005)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text M. Yasumoto, T. Suzuki, A. Tate, K. Masuda, and H. Tsuda, "Wavefront compensation lens system in an arrayed-waveguide grating for hybrid integration of a phase encoding mirror," in Frontiers in Optics, OSA Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 2005), paper FWE4. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
On the Mechanism of ZDDP Antiwear Film Formation (2016)

Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate additives are used to control wear and inhibit oxidation in almost all engine oils as well as many other types of lubricant. They limit wear primarily by forming a thick, protective, phosphate glass-based tribofilm on rubbing surfaces. This film formation can occur at low temperatures and is relatively indifferent to the chemical nature of the substrate. There has been considerable debate as to what drives ZDDP tribofilm formation, why it occurs only on surfaces that experience sliding and whether film formation is controlled primarily by temperature, pressure, triboemission or some other factor. This paper describes a novel approach to the problem by studying the formation of ZDDP films in full film EHD conditions from two lubricants having very different EHD friction properties. This shows that ZDDP film formation does not require solid–solid rubbing contact but is driven simply by applied shear stress, in accord with a stress-promoted thermal activation model. The shear stress present in a high-pressure contact can reduce the thermal activation energy for ZDDP by at least half, greatly increasing the reaction rate. This mechanism explains the origins of many practically important features of ZDDP films; their topography, their thickness and the conditions under which they form. The insights that this study provides should prove valuable both in optimising ZDDP structure and in modelling ZDDP antiwear behaviour. The findings also highlight the importance of mechanochemistry to the behaviour of lubricant additives in general.
Le «  Djihad  » va me tuer (2014)

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Hair fiber characteristics and methods to evaluate hair physical and mechanical properties (2009)

The hair thread is a natural fiber formed by keratin, a protein containing high concentration of sulfur coming from the amino acid cystine. The main physical proprieties of the hair depend mostly on its geometry; the physical and mechanical properties of hair involve characteristics to improve: elasticity, smoothness, volume, shine, and softness due to both the significant adherence of the cuticle scales and the movement control (malleability), as well as the easiness of combing, since they reduce the fibers static electricity. The evaluation of these effects on hair may be carried out by several methods, as: optical and electron microscopy, mechanical resistance measuring, shine evaluation and optical coherence tomography (OCT).
Balloon Observations of Auroral Zone X-Rays (1962)

A series of balloon flights launched from the vicinity of College, Alaska, during June and July 1960 show that auroral-zone X rays are detectable with Geiger counters approximately 10 per cent of the time at pressure altitudes in the range 10–15 mb. The results of these flights indicate that the daily flux of electrons with energies greater than 50 kev over the auroral zone is 6×1010 particles/cm2. Late in a magnetic storm that started with a sudden commencement at 1701 UT on July 14, 1960, the average electron influx exceeded the daily rate by more than a factor of 25.
Test for glycogen (1928)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTest for glycogenScience Service Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1928, 5, 12, 1658Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1928Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 December 1928Published inissue 1 December 1928https://doi.org/10.1021/ed005p1658RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views73Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (186 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
IBM Research Report Multidimensional Indexing Structures for Content-based Retrieval (2001)

: This report has been submitted for publication outside of IBM and will probably be copyrighted if accepted for publication. It has been issued as a Research Reportfor early dissemination of its contents. In view of the transfer of copyright to the outside publisher, its distribution outside of IBM prior to publication should be limited to peer communications and specific requests.After outside publication, requests should be filled only by reprints or legally obtained copies of the article (e.g. , payment of royalties). Copies may be requested from IBM T. J. Watson Research Center , P. O. Box 218,Yorktown Heights, NY 10598 USA (email: reports@us.ibm.com). Some reports are available on the internet at http://domino.watson.ibm.com/library/CyberDig.nsf/home .
Plasma Deposition of PEO‐Like Coatings with Aerosol‐Assisted Dielectric Barrier Discharges (2012)

Abstract In this paper, we describe the deposition of PEO‐like coatings using dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) fed with aerosols of the TEGDME organic precursor in helium. By properly tuning plasma parameters such as aerosol/carrier flow ratio, frequency of the electric field applied and input power, the deposition process could be modulated to obtain coatings with variable PEO character, from 50% (cell adhesive) to 70% (nonfouling), which are interesting for surface modification of biomaterials and biomedical devices. magnified image
Role of CsF on electron injection into a conjugated polymer (2000)

We studied electron injection from Al and Au cathodes into the conjugated polymer poly[2-methoxy,5-(2-ethylhexoxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEH–PPV). When a thin CsF layer is inserted between MEH–PPV and Al, a substantial enhancement in electron injection is observed. Insertion of the same layer between MEH–PPV and Au does not have a similar effect, indicating that the enhancement mechanism is specific to CsF and Al. Thin Cs layers enhance electron injection regardless of the cathode metal. A mechanism that explains these observations is proposed.
Expression of MAGE genes in osteosarcoma (1997)

Expression of MAGE genes that encode tumor-rejection antigens recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes with major histocompatibility complex class-I antigens was investigated in human osteosarcomas (20 cell lines and eight fresh tumor tissues). MAGE-1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 genes were expressed at the mRNA level in 11 (52.4%), 10 (47.6%), 10 (47.6%) one (4.8%), and 10 (47.6%) of 21 tumor cell lines, respectively, and in five (62.5%), six (75%), five (62.5%), one (12.5%), and five (62.5%) of eight fresh tumor tissues as determined by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method. MAGE-1 or 4 protein was detected by immunoblot analysis in eight of 11 or one of one tumor cell lines, respectively, where it was expressed at the mRNA level. Major histocompatibility complex class-I antigens were expressed in 19 of 21 tumor cell lines. These results suggest that MAGE tumor-rejection antigens are expressed in substantial numbers of osteosarcomas in a major histocompatibility class-I-restricted manner.
Dynamic focusing lens for expanding depth of focus of optical microscope (2002)

A dynamic focusing lens for expanding the depth of focus of an optical microscope has been developed. This microscope can be utilized for real-time observation of three-dimensional microstructures. The dynamic focusing lens shifts the focal plane of an objective. When the focal plane is rapidly and continuously shifted along the optical axis, focused and defocused images of each focal plane come into view continuously on an eyepiece or a monitoring screen. However, due to the afterimage of human visual perception, a focused image of the entire object is obtained as if the depth of focus is expanded. The dynamic focusing lens consists of a thin glass diaphragm, of which the diameter is 10 mm and the average thickness is 11 /spl mu/m, a glass plate surrounded by a ring-shaped metal diaphragm, and transparent working fluid sealed between them. Six piezoelectric unimorph piled actuators are located on the upper side to press the metal diaphragm. Pressure of the working fluid deforms the glass diaphragm into convex shape, and the working fluid and the glass diaphragm work as a convex lens. The focal length of the lens can be changed responsively up to 150 Hz. When the dynamic focusing lens is working at 60 Hz, the depth of focus is expanded about four times and the resolution is maintained approximately constant in the range from 0 to 8 mm.
Synthesis of mixed‐acid phosphatidylcholines and high pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of isomeric lysophosphatidylcholines (1983)

A new method for the synthesis of mixed-chain phosphatidylcholines is reported. Silver ion catalyzed acylation of lysophosphatidylcholines by 2-thiopyridyl esters occurs rapidly (10 min) at room temperature in organic solvents. Yields of isomerically pure mixed-chain phosphatidylcholines (greater than 98% isomeric purity) are generally greater than 80%. The reaction proceeds with only 1.5- to 2-fold excess of thiopyridyl ester, thus offering some advantages over existing procedures when precious acylating agents are used. The major disadvantage of the procedure is its sensitivity to water. Phosphatidylcholines having hydroxy fatty acyl groups are prepared by protection of the hydroxyl as the levulinate ester, conversion to the 2-thiopyridyl ester, acylation, and removal of the levulinate with hydrazine. For purification of lysophosphatidylcholines, a reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatographic method for separation of 1-acylglycerophosphocholines from 2-acylglycerophosphocholines was developed.
Chronic tendinopathy tissue pathology, pain mechanisms, and etiology with a special focus on inflammation (2008)

Continuing progress in research in molecular biology and biomechanics has provided considerable new information and has given rise to new hypotheses in chronic tendinopathy. Overloading is still, however, crucial in the development of tendinopathy. Most of the histologic findings in tendinopathy represent chronic degeneration, regeneration, and microtears of the tendinous tissue. The prevailing opinion is that no histological evidence of acute inflammation has been documented, but in newer studies using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry inflammatory cells have been detected. The existing data indicate that the initiators of the tendinopathic pathway include many proinflammatory agents (e.g. cytokines, prostaglandins, different growth factors, and neuropetides). Because of the complex interaction between the classic proinflammatory agents and the neuropeptides, it seems impossible and somewhat irrelevant to distinguish sharply between chemical and neurogenic inflammation. Furthermore, glucocorticoids are, at the moment, the most effective treatment in tendinopathy with regard to reduction of pain, tendon thickness, and neovascularization. This review indicates - despite a great deal of uncertainty regarding the concepts - that an inflammatory process may be related not only to the development of tendinopathy but also chronic tendinopathy. More attention should be directed towards the "tendinitis myth" in the future.