gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecule‐to‐Metal Bonds: Electrografting Polymers on Conducting Surfaces (2004)

Electrografting is a powerful and versatile technique for modifying and decorating conducting surfaces with organic matter. Mainly based on the electro-induced polymerization of dissolved electro-active monomers on metallic or semiconducting surfaces, it finds applications in various fields including biocompatibility, protection against corrosion, lubrication, soldering, functionalization, adhesion, and template chemistry. Starting from experimental observations, this Review highlights the mechanism of the formation of covalent metal-carbon bonds by electro-induced processes, together with major applications such as derivatization of conducting surfaces with biomolecules that can be used in biosensing, lubrication of low-level electrical contacts, reversible trapping of ionic waste on reactive electrografted surfaces as an alternative to ion-exchange resins, and localized modification of conducting surfaces, a one-step process providing submicrometer grafted areas and which is used in microelectronics.
<scp>d</scp> ‐Mannose: Properties, Production, and Applications: An Overview (2016)

d-Mannose is a C-2 epimer of d-glucose, which is a natural monosaccharide. It can be obtained from both plants and microorganisms. Chemical synthesis and biotransformation of d-mannose from d-fructose or d-glucose by using d-mannose isomerases, d-lyxose isomerases, and cellobiose 2-epimerase were intensively studied. d-Mannose is an important component of polysaccharides and glycoproteins. It has been widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and poultry industries, acting as the source of dietary supplements, starting material for the synthesis of drugs and blocking colonization in animal feeds. d-Mannose is a glyconutrient with high research value in basic science because of its structure and function. This article presents a review of current studies on sources, characteristics, production, and application of d-mannose.
Scalable group-based checkpoint/restart for large-scale message-passing systems (2008)

The ever increasing number of processors used in parallel computers is making fault tolerance support in large-scale parallel systems more and more important. We discuss the inadequacies of existing system-level checkpointing solutions for message-passing applications as the system scales up. We analyze the coordination cost and blocking behavior of two current MPI implementations with checkpointing support. A group-based solution combining coordinated checkpointing and message logging is then proposed. Experiment results demonstrate its better performance and scalability than LAM/MPI and MPICH-VCL. To assist group formation, a method to analyze the communication behaviors of the application is proposed.
An Asynchronous Neuromorphic Event-Driven Visual Part-Based Shape Tracking (2015)

Object tracking is an important step in many artificial vision tasks. The current state-of-the-art implementations remain too computationally demanding for the problem to be solved in real time with high dynamics. This paper presents a novel real-time method for visual part-based tracking of complex objects from the output of an asynchronous event-based camera. This paper extends the pictorial structures model introduced by Fischler and Elschlager 40 years ago and introduces a new formulation of the problem, allowing the dynamic processing of visual input in real time at high temporal resolution using a conventional PC. It relies on the concept of representing an object as a set of basic elements linked by springs. These basic elements consist of simple trackers capable of successfully tracking a target with an ellipse-like shape at several kilohertz on a conventional computer. For each incoming event, the method updates the elastic connections established between the trackers and guarantees a desired geometric structure corresponding to the tracked object in real time. This introduces a high temporal elasticity to adapt to projective deformations of the tracked object in the focal plane. The elastic energy of this virtual mechanical system provides a quality criterion for tracking and can be used to determine whether the measured deformations are caused by the perspective projection of the perceived object or by occlusions. Experiments on real-world data show the robustness of the method in the context of dynamic face tracking.
Effects of Composition on the Stress Corrosion Cracking of Ferritic Stainless Steels (1968)

U-bend and axially loaded tensile-type specimens were used in stress corrosion tests performed in boiling 140 C (284 F) magnesium chloride solution. The experimental ferritic alloys tested contained 17 to 25% chromium, 0 to 4% nickel, 0 to 2% copper, and 0 to 5% molybdenum. Alloys essentially free of nickel and copper did not undergo stress corrosion cracking. (Tests on Types 430 and 434 stainless steels confirmed this behavior.) However, alloys containing more than 1% nickel or 0.5% copper were subject to transgranular stress corrosion cracking in boiling magnesium chloride solution. Critical concentrations of copper and nickel that produce susceptibility to cracking were determined at various chromium and molybdenum levels. Experiments at controlled potentials indicated that cracking in boiling magnesium chloride was not the result of hydrogen embrittlement.
Analysis of a fully-parallel six degree-of-freedom micromanipulator (1991)

A micromanipulator is a small-amplitude, high-resolution motion device that can be incorporated into an existing robotic system (typically between the wrist and end-effector) to provide fine adjustments for precise error compensation and delicate force control. The micromanipulator system presented is based on a fully-parallel six-legged platform mechanism with six rotary inputs. The paper addresses the kinematic analysis and dynamic model formulation for this mechanism. A displacement analysis procedure based on simple geometric principles is given. Influence-coefficient-based modeling techniques are used to derive the first- and second-order kinematic and dynamic equations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A cryogenic luminescent ratiometric thermometer based on a lanthanide phosphonate dimer (2015)

The first example of a ratiometric thermometer based on lanthanide phosphonate is reported, which operates down to the cryogenic temperature range with a maximum relative sensitivity of 3.9% K<sup>−1</sup>.
THE TREATMENT OF INOPERABLE SARCOMA WITH THE MIXED TOXINS OF ERYSIPELAS AND BACILLUS PRODIGIOSUS. (1898)

Three years ago, at a meeting of this body in Baltimore, a paper was read upon a similar subject by a distinguished surgeon. In that paper, based upon a personal experience of nine cases, three of which were carcinoma and a large proportion of the remainder types of sarcoma, which I had myself regarded as unfavorable, the broad generalization was made that the method was of no value, and the prophecy was ventured that in one year from that date it would be forgotten and buried in that oblivion that has furnished a quiet resting-place for so many of the brilliant cancer cures that have from time to time dotted the medical history of the past. In the discussion of the paper I was rash enough to dissent from these conclusions, and in spite of the warnings and criticisms of the skeptics, I have steadily presevered along the same lines,
Proposed IEEE Coriolis Vibratory Gyro standard and other inertial sensor standards (2003)

A new Coriolis Vibratory Gyro (CVG) Specification Format Guide and Test Procedure is being developed by the IEEE/AESS Gyro and Accelerometer Panel for consideration by the IEEE Standards Association as IEEE Std. 1431. It provides guides for specifying CVG performance and gives test procedures for verifying compliance with requirements. It also describes the various types of CVG, ranging from vibrating shell macro-sized devices to low-cost silicon and quartz chip micro-sized devices. Model equations are given for the various CVG operating and readout modes: whole-angle, open-loop, force-rebalance, and ratiometric. Also discussed in this paper are the IEEE standards that have been published for single- and two-degree-of-freedom spinning wheel gyros, laser gyros, interferometric fiber optic gyros, angular accelerometers, linear accelerometers, accelerometer centrifuge testing, and inertial sensor terminology, and an inertial sensor test equipment and analysis document and an inertial systems terminology document that are under development.
Multimedia document structure for dialog communication service (2002)

The Dynamic Paper System for dialog communication using multimedia has been proposed for good communication using B-ISDN (broadband integrated services digital network). This system encompasses a communication model and a new multimedia document structure. The multimedia document structure is constructed by a hierarchical network scheme, and three structure types are proposed. A process model for scrapbooks of multimedia documents in the Dynamic Paper System is also demonstrated for use with this structure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Natural Product Origins of Hsp90 Inhibitors (2003)

The currently used Hsp90 inhibitors, geldanamycin, herbimycin A and radicicol, were isolated many years ago from Streptomyces and fungi originally for their antiprotozoal activity, herbicidal activity and antifungal activity, respectively. In the mid 1980s, it was found that the benzoquinone ansamycin antibiotics (herbimycin A, geldanamycin, and macbecin) reversed v-Src transformed cells to normal phenotypes, and Bcr-abl was subsequently suggested to be the molecular target for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia through a study using herbimycin A for its selective antioncogenic activity. In 1994, these ansamycins were found to bind to Hsp90 and to cause the degradation of client proteins including Src kinases; further efforts to develop anticancer drugs were made using geldanamycin analogs, and 17AAG was chosen as the best candidate for clinical trials. The number of novel natural products isolated from microbial origins is continuing to increase and is doubling every 10 years. Thus, screening of bioactive substances from natural origins, using assays including defined targets, and developing leads toward drugs via optimized derivatization is a conventional but still promising strategy for drug discovery and development.
Nanostructured dielectric materials (2010)

This paper presents a progress update with the development of nanostructured dielectric materials for various high energy, high power density electrical applications. It is demonstrated that novel electrical/dielectric properties can be achieved via the nanostructure and interface engineering. We present a high level summary of the progress achieved as well as challenges remaining in nanostructural engineering towards high energy density capacitor for energy storage and conversion, high voltage varistor for surge suppression and high proton conductivity membrane for fuel cell applications.
The Distribution of Prostate Specific Antigen in Men Without Clinical or Pathological Evidence of Prostate Cancer: Relationship to Gland Volume and Age (1992)

We estimated the in vivo prostate gland volume in 408 men (320 without clinical evidence of prostate cancer, and 88 with an abnormal digital rectal examination and/or transrectal prostate ultrasound and negative biopsies) using sequential step-section ultrasound analysis and correlated it to the serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) value. Of the men 331 (81.1%) had a PSA value of 4 ng./ml. or less. The PSA value was greater than 4 but less than or equal to 10 in 64 men (15.7%) and greater than 10 in 13 (3.2%). The men were subclassified by prostate gland volume at arbitrary break points. A total of 139 men (34.1%) had a gland of 25 cm.3 or less, 2.2% of whom had a PSA value of greater than 4. Further analysis revealed that the incidence of a PSA value greater than 4 increased as the prostate volume increased (18.4% for greater than 25 but less than or equal to 50, and 65.4% for greater than 50) and as age increased. We found a statistically significant association between prostate gland volume and patient age (p less than 0.00005) to the serum PSA concentration. The finding of a PSA value of greater than 10 was uncommon regardless of the prostate gland volume. Clinical implications of these results are discussed, and a statistical model to estimate the serum PSA by gland volume and patient age was constructed.
Inactivation of an NADPH‐dependent succinic semialdehyde reductase by <i>o</i>‐phthalaldehyde (1996)

Incubation of an NADPH-dependent succinic semi-aldehyde reductase from bovine brain with o-phthalaldehyde resulted in a time-dependent loss of enzyme activity. The inactivation followed pseudo first-order kinetics with the second-order rate constant of 28 M(-1) s(-1). The inactivation was prevented by preincubation of the enzymes with NADPH, but not by succinic semialdehyde. There was a linear relationship between isoindole formation and the loss of enzyme activity. Spectrophotometric studies indicated that complete inactivation of the enzyme resulted from the formation of one isoindole derivative per molecule of enzyme, which was formed from the reaction of cysteine and lysine residues with o-phthalaldehyde at or near the enzyme active site.
Adsorptive control of water in esterification with immobilized enzymes. Continuous operation in a periodic counter‐current reactor (1999)

A periodic counter-current adsorptive-reactor system is developed to carry out continuous esterifications in organic solvents with immobilized enzymes. The system comprises a number of fixed-beds distributed between a reaction–adsorption zone and a regeneration zone and operated in a “merry-go-round” sequence. Water formed in the reaction is adsorbed preventing the formation of a free-water phase and deactivation of the biocatalyst. The adsorbed water is, in turn, recovered by desorption in the regeneration zone. The concept is tested experimentally on a laboratory-scale using, as a model, the esterification of isoamyl alcohol and propionic acid in hexane catalyzed by an immobilized lipase. Pure isoamyl alcohol is used as a regenerant to remove excess water from the biocatalyst. In the periodic steady-state, improvements in ester productivity greater than 50% over that achievable with a conventional fixed-bed reactor are demonstrated experimentally with just two beds in a series arrangement. Use of a water-selective adsorbent in conjunction with the biocatalyst provides further improvements by reducing accumulation of water on the enzyme. A mathematical model is also developed to predict the thermodynamic activity of water along the reactor and describe the dynamic behavior of the system. The model, based on independently developed rate and equilibrium parameters, successfully predicts the experimental behavior and provides an effective tool for scale-up and optimization. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 66: 137–146, 1999.
Whole Blood Collection on Filter Paper Is an Effective Means of Obtaining Samples for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Antibody Assay (1988)

The suitability of collecting whole blood specimens on filter paper disks for HIV antibody assay was evaluated. ELISA and Western blot assay results were in complete agreement for serum and blood spot disk samples. Sensitivity of the two methods was tested using diluted whole blood and sera from HIV-seropositive individuals. Results demonstrate that ELISA and Western blot assays performed on punched-out disks of the blood-impregnated papers had the same sensitivities as those obtained with serum samples. This study suggests that whole blood collection on filter paper can be effectively substituted for serum sampling in HIV antibody screening programs.
Synthesis of the pyridinyl analogues of dibenzylideneacetone (pyr-dba) via an improved Claisen–Schmidt condensation, displaying diverse biological activities as curcumin analogues (2011)

An efficient and easy procedure to synthesize the pyridinyl analogues of dibenzylideneacetone (pyr-dba) was developed by the condensation of substituted nicotinaldehyde and acetone in the presence of K(2)CO(3) in toluene-EtOH-H(2)O solvent system. Structurally diverse pyr-dba, including quinolinyl dba, can be prepared conveniently in moderate to excellent yields under mild conditions with this method. The resulting pyr-dba functioned as the enone analogs of curcumin and efficiently inhibited the activation of NF-κB and the growth of colorectal carcinoma HCT116 p53+/+ cells as well as the HIV-1 IN-LEDGF/p75 interaction.
A secreted effector protein of <i>Salmonella dublin</i> is translocated into eukaryotic cells and mediates inflammation and fluid secretion in infected ileal mucosa (1997)

Enteritis induced by non-typhoid pathogenic Salmonella is characterized by fluid secretion and inflammatory responses in the infected ileum. The inflammatory response provoked by Salmonella initially consists largely of a neutrophil (PMN) migration into the intestinal mucosa and the gut lumen. The interactions between Salmonella and intestinal epithelial cells are known to play an essential role in inducing the inflammatory response. Upon interaction with epithelial cells salmonellae are able to elicit transepithelial signalling to neutrophils. This signalling is recognized as a key virulence feature underlying Salmonella-induced enteritis. However, the nature and mechanism of such signalling has not been clarified to date. Here, we characterize SopB, a novel secreted effector protein of Salmonella dublin, and present data implying that SopB is translocated into eukaryotic cells via a sip-dependent pathway to promote fluid secretion and inflammatory responses in the infected ileum.
Stereoselective Synthesis of 2'-Deoxy-.beta.-D-threo-pentofuranosyl Nucleosides by the NBS-Promoted Coupling Reaction of Thioglycosides with Silylated Heterocyclic Bases (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereoselective Synthesis of 2'-Deoxy-.beta.-D-threo-pentofuranosyl Nucleosides by the NBS-Promoted Coupling Reaction of Thioglycosides with Silylated Heterocyclic BasesHideyuki Sugimura, Kenji Osumi, Yasuko Kodaka, and Keiko SujinoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 25, 7653–7660Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00104a020Request reuse permissionsArticle Views731Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A new approach to routing with dynamic metrics (1999)

We present a new routing algorithm to compute paths within a network using dynamic link metrics. Dynamic link metrics are cost metrics that depend on a link's dynamic state, e.g., the congestion on the link. Our algorithm is destination-initiated: a destination initiates a global path computation to itself using dynamic link metrics. All other destinations that do not initiate this dynamic metric computation use paths that are calculated and maintained by a traditional routing algorithm using static link metrics. Analysis of Internet packet traces show that a high percentage of network traffic is destined for a small number of networks. Because our algorithm is destination-initiated, it achieves maximum performance at minimum cost when it only computes dynamic metric paths to these selected "hot" destination networks. This selective approach to route recomputation reduces many of the problems (principally route oscillations) associated with calculating all routes simultaneously. We compare the routing efficiency and end to-end performance of our algorithm against those of traditional algorithms using dynamic link metrics. The results of our experiments show that our algorithm can provide higher network performance at a significantly lower routing cost under conditions that arise in real networks. The effectiveness of the algorithm stems from the independent, time-staggered recomputation of important paths using dynamic metrics, allowing for splits in congested traffic that cannot be made by traditional routing algorithms.
Integrated current regulation for a brushless ECM drive (2003)

A method is described for regulating phase currents in a brushless electronically commutated motor (ECM) without the use of any discrete current sensors such as shunts or current transformers. Current feedback information is provided by current sensors integrated into MOS-gated power switches (i.e. MOSFETs and IGFETs), and the current regulation is performed by smart-power gate drive integrated circuits. The scheme provides protection against dangerous fault currents not sensed by conventional bus-shunt configurations. Available power devices and smart-power components make this technique applicable to ECM drives operating at bus supply voltages up to 500 V DC with power ratings from fractional to >10 hp.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Smoke exposure, histologic type and geography‐related differences in the methylation profiles of non‐small cell lung cancer (2002)

Aberrant methylation of several known or putative tumor suppressor genes occurs frequently during the pathogenesis of lung cancers. There are major smoke exposure, histology, geography and gender-related changes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated smoking-related, histologic, geographic and gender differences in the methylation profiles of resected NSCLCs. We examined 514 cases of NSCLC and 84 corresponding nonmalignant lung tissues from 4 countries (USA, Australia, Japan and Taiwan) for the methylation status of 7 genes known to be frequently methylated in lung cancers [p16, RASSF1A (RAS association domain family 1), APC, RARbeta, CDH13, MGMT and GSTP1]. Multivariate analyses were used for data analysis. Adenocarcinoma was the major histologic type in women and never smokers; analyses that involved smoke exposure and gender were limited to this histology. Our major findings are a) methylation status of any single gene was largely independent of methylation status of other genes; b) the rates of methylation of p16 and APC and the mean Methylation Index (MI), a reflection of the overall methylation status, were significantly higher in ever smokers than in never smokers; c) the mean MI of tumors arising in former smokers was significantly lower than the mean of current smokers; d) the methylation rates of APC, CDH13 and RARbeta were significantly higher in adenocarcinomas than in squamous cell carcinomas; e) methylation rates of MGMT and GSTP1 were significantly higher in the USA and Australian cases than in those from Japan and Taiwan; and (f) no significant gender-related differences in methylation patterns were noted. Our findings demonstrate important smoke exposure, histologic type and geography-related differences in the methylation profiles of NSCLC tumors.