gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Compilation of Loop Induction Expressions (1979)

In an optimizing compiler, it is often desirable to compile subscript expressions such as Abase-2 + I*2 so that the value of the expression is available in a register and is simply incremented whenever I is incremented, thus avoiding the multiplication inside the loop. This change is effected by a standard optimization called strength reduction. Program loops often contain several such expressions stemming perhaps from references to operands A(I), A(I+1), B(I), and C(K,J,I,L). Under what circumstances can we do better than keeping four addresses in four separate registers or temporaries? A general technique is presented which minimizes the number of registers needed to hold such values, while simultaneously minimizing the amount of computation inside the loop. In the above collection, it is possible to use as few as two registers for the four I-dependent values.
High-Affinity Glucose Transport in Aspergillus nidulans Is Mediated by the Products of Two Related but Differentially Expressed Genes (2014)

Independent systems of high and low affinity effect glucose uptake in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. Low-affinity uptake is known to be mediated by the product of the mstE gene. In the current work two genes, mstA and mstC, have been identified that encode high-affinity glucose transporter proteins. These proteins' primary structures share over 90% similarity, indicating that the corresponding genes share a common origin. Whilst the function of the paralogous proteins is little changed, they differ notably in their patterns of expression. The mstC gene is expressed during the early phases of germination and is subject to CreA-mediated carbon catabolite repression whereas mstA is expressed as a culture tends toward carbon starvation. In addition, various pieces of genetic evidence strongly support allelism of mstC and the previously described locus sorA. Overall, our data define MstC/SorA as a high-affinity glucose transporter expressed in germinating conidia, and MstA as a high-affinity glucose transporter that operates in vegetative hyphae under conditions of carbon limitation.
Poison ivy dermatitis. (1986)

Eruptions caused by poison ivy (see Cover) and related plants are almost always a form of allergic contact dermatitis. Usually they can be readily recognized because of their characteristic streak- or line-like appearance. They usually clear within one to three weeks unless there is continued exposure to the allergen. Local treatment suffices in mild to moderate cases, but in more severe cases systemic corticosteroids can be added.
Treating irritable bowel syndrome with peppermint oil. (1979)

currently afebrile, in remission from her leukaemia, and continues on her chemotherapy.
Measure of the Fractal Dimension of Islands in Epitaxial Thin Film Growth (2005)

We measure the fractal dimension of islands during epitaxial thin-film growth. The fractal dimension appears to depend on the ratio of the diffusion-to-deposition rates D/F and on the coverage of adatoms. For sufficiently large D/F, i.e., D/F ≥ 10 9, and for sufficiently low coverages, the fractal dimension appears to be similar to that of the diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) while for smaller D/F and low coverages it is found to be much smaller than the DLA fractal dimension. As the coverage is increased, the fractal dimension is found to increase monotonically up to the substrate dimension at the coverage of about 0.6 monolayer. The rate-equation solutions obtained using the measured fractal dimensions are also discussed.
A slotted ALOHA with multiple common receivers over AWGN Rayleigh-fading channels (2003)

The capture probability for an inbound radio channel in a radio LAN (local area network) is formulated in a closed form by taking into account both AWGN (additive white Gaussian noise) and Rayleigh fading. The received power ratio between a packet signal with minimum received power and an interference signal is considered as a criterion for the capture effect. It is revealed that, though the maximum overall throughput for a slotted ALOHA over Rayleigh fading channels is very vulnerable to AWGN for a single common-receiver case, pluralizing common receivers dramatically improves the overall throughput. Surprisingly, it has also been found that, even if the signal-to-noise ratio is as bad as 2.5 (dB), the instability of a slotted ALOHA over Rayleigh-fading channels is still much less serious than that over channels without capture. This means that the capture effect overwhelms AWGN regarding stability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Slotted Cylinder Antenna for Selective Electromagnetic Heating Inside the Human Body (1978)

High-Frequency-Tumor-Therapy requires heating of a well defined region, whereas the surrounding parts should remain unaffected. This problem can be solved by dielectric HF-heating combined with simultaneous cooling of the probe inside the human body. The requirements and the construction of the probe will be reported on. Some theoretical and practical results will also be given.
OPTIMIZING CUDA CODE BY KERNEL FUSION—APPLICATION ON BLAS (2016)

Modern GPUs are able to perform significantly more arithmetic operations than transfers of a single word to or from global memory. Hence, many GPU kernels are limited by memory bandwidth and cannot exploit the arithmetic power of GPUs. However, the memory locality can be often improved by kernel fusion when a sequence of kernels is executed and some kernels in this sequence share data. In this paper, we show how kernels performing map, reduce or their nested combinations can be fused automatically by our source-to-source compiler. To demonstrate the usability of the compiler, we have implemented several BLAS-1 and BLAS-2 routines and show how the performance of their sequences can be improved by fusions. Compared to similar sequences using CUBLAS, our compiler is able to generate code that is up to 2.61 × faster for the examples tested.
Managing chronic simple glaucoma (1992)

Chronic simple glaucoma, which affects two per cent of the population, is the most common preventable cause of blindness in the world. This article explores the causes and two of the medical treatments available, examining some of the reasons for non-compliance with treatment. Heightened awareness among clinical nurses who may have glaucoma sufferers in their care will help to ensure appropriate therapeutic interventions for this group of patients.
IPv6 Address Specific BGP Extended Community Attribute (2009)

Current specifications of BGP Extended Communities (RFC 4360) support the IPv4 Address Specific Extended Community, but do not support an IPv6 Address Specific Extended Community. The lack of an IPv6 Address Specific Extended Community may be a problem when an application uses the IPv4 Address Specific Extended Community, and one wants to use this application in a pure IPv6 environment. This document defines a new BGP attribute, the IPv6 Address Specific Extended Community, that addresses this problem. The IPv6 Address Specific Extended Community is similar to the IPv4 Address Specific
Integrating the MAP kinase signal into the G1 phase cell cycle machinery (2000)

Growth factors and the extracellular matrix provide the environmental cues that control the proliferation of most cell types. The binding of growth factors and matrix proteins to receptor tyrosine kinases and integrins, respectively, regulates several cytoplasmic signal transduction cascades, among which activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, ras --> Raf --> MEK --> ERK, is perhaps the best characterized. Curiously, ERK activation has been associated with both stimulation and inhibition of cell proliferation. In this review, we summarize recent studies that connect ERK signaling to G1 phase cell cycle control and suggest that the cellular response to an ERK signal depends on both ERK signal intensity and duration. We also discuss studies showing that receptor tyrosine kinases and integrins differentially regulate the ERK signal in G1 phase.
智能革命——“两种文化”走向统一 (1986)

以数学和自然科学知识(以及技术)为一方,与以艺术和人文科学知识为另一方彼此间的相互关系和相互理解问题,往往称之为两种文化问题(这一术语是查理斯·斯诺于1957年一篇论文《两种文化》中提出的).到二十世纪中期,这一问题按某些学者的说法已发展到如此严重程度,以至于威胁到统一的人类文化将分裂为两个分支,这两种文化的代表人物将
Actomyosin-based Retrograde Flow of Microtubules in the Lamella of Migrating Epithelial Cells Influences Microtubule Dynamic Instability and Turnover and Is Associated with Microtubule Breakage and Treadmilling (1997)

We have discovered several novel features exhibited by microtubules (MTs) in migrating newt lung epithelial cells by time-lapse imaging of fluorescently labeled, microinjected tubulin. These cells exhibit leading edge ruffling and retrograde flow in the lamella and lamellipodia. The plus ends of lamella MTs persist in growth perpendicular to the leading edge until they reach the base of the lamellipodium, where they oscillate between short phases of growth and shortening. Occasionally "pioneering" MTs grow into the lamellipodium, where microtubule bending and reorientation parallel to the leading edge is associated with retrograde flow. MTs parallel to the leading edge exhibit significantly different dynamics from MTs perpendicular to the cell edge. Both parallel MTs and photoactivated fluorescent marks on perpendicular MTs move rearward at the 0.4 mircon/min rate of retrograde flow in the lamella. MT rearward transport persists when MT dynamic instability is inhibited by 100-nM nocodazole but is blocked by inhibition of actomyosin by cytochalasin D or 2,3-butanedione-2-monoxime. Rearward flow appears to cause MT buckling and breaking in the lamella. 80% of free minus ends produced by breakage are stable; the others shorten and pause, leading to MT treadmilling. Free minus ends of unknown origin also depolymerize into the field of view at the lamella. Analysis of MT dynamics at the centrosome shows that these minus ends do not arise by centrosomal ejection and that approximately 80% of the MTs in the lamella are not centrosome bound. We propose that actomyosin-based retrograde flow of MTs causes MT breakage, forming quasi-stable noncentrosomal MTs whose turnover is regulated primarily at their minus ends.
Childhood poisoning: the scope for prevention. (1998)

Many deaths and disabling sequelae in children following poisoning could be prevented if more attention were given to implementing preventive measures at home. Medications and chemicals should always be safely packed and stored. Education on which products are highly dangerous and the giving of precautionary advice to parents would also help to reduce the incidence of childhood poisoning. In Hong Kong, imported vegetables (contaminated by methamidophos) and coral reef fish (containing ciguatoxins) cause poisoning in both children and adults. Advice on preventive measures should be given to the public.
An experimental investigation of the turbulent structure in a two-dimensional momentumless wake (1990)

Mean velocity profiles have been measured in the wake of a two-dimensional airfoil with and without mass injection through a slit along its rear end. In particular, four cases have been documented: ( a ) a pure wake (no injection), ( b ) a weak wake (some injection), ( c ) a momentumless wake (injection adjusted to provide a thrust which exactly cancels the model's drag), and ( d ) a weak jet (more injection than necessary to cancel the drag). These mean velocity profiles clearly show the difference in momentum deficit for the four cases. When non-dimensionalized, the velocity profiles are self-similar. Smoke-wire flow visualizations are also presented for both the near wake (0 < x/d < 30) and the far wake (45 < x/d < 75). The characteristic geometry of large-scale turbulent vortical structures is easily identifiable for the wake and jet cases, while the structures for the momentumless state are neither wake-like nor jet-like. Beyond about 45 diameters downstream, turbulent structures for the momentumless case become quite weak and can barely be observed. For the momentumless wake at Re = 5400, the axial, lateral, and transverse turbulence intensities as well as the Reynolds stress were measured. Similarity of the axial and the transverse turbulence intensities was observed; the overall shape of those profiles is Gaussian except for the very near-wake region. The mean centreline velocity difference decays much faster ( x −0.92 ) than the axial turbulent intensity ( x −0.81 ). Consequently, the mean shear practically disappears far downstream; the flow becomes nearly isotropic beyond about 45 body diameters from the model. This turbulence behaviour is quite different from that of plane wakes or jets but rather closer to the case of grid turbulence.
Magnetic resonance imaging pattern recognition in hypomyelinating disorders (2010)

Hypomyelination is observed in the context of a growing number of genetic disorders that share clinical characteristics. The aim of this study was to determine the possible role of magnetic resonance imaging pattern recognition in distinguishing different hypomyelinating disorders, which would facilitate the diagnostic process. Only patients with hypomyelination of known cause were included in this retrospective study. A total of 112 patients with Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, hypomyelination with congenital cataract, hypomyelination with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and hypodontia, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like disease, infantile GM1 and GM2 gangliosidosis, Salla disease and fucosidosis were included. The brain scans were rated using a standard scoring list; the raters were blinded to the diagnoses. Grouping of the patients was based on cluster analysis. Ten clusters of patients with similar magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities were identified. The most important discriminating items were early cerebellar atrophy, homogeneity of the white matter signal on T(2)-weighted images, abnormal signal intensity of the basal ganglia, signal abnormalities in the pons and additional T(2) lesions in the deep white matter. Eight clusters each represented mainly a single disorder (i.e. Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, hypomyelination with congenital cataract, hypomyelination with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and hypodontia, infantile GM1 and GM2 gangliosidosis, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like disease and fucosidosis); only two clusters contained multiple diseases. Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like disease was divided between two clusters and Salla disease did not cluster at all. This study shows that it is possible to separate patients with hypomyelination disorders of known cause in clusters based on magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities alone. In most cases of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, hypomyelination with congenital cataract, hypomyelination with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and hypodontia, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like disease, infantile GM1 and GM2 gangliosidosis and fucosidosis, the imaging pattern gives clues for the diagnosis.
Evaluation of Use of a New Chromogenic Agar in Detection of Urinary Tract Pathogens (1998)

CHROMagar Orientation, a new chromogenic medium, was evaluated for the detection and differentiation of gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic microorganisms in 900 urine samples from hospitalized patients. Performance characteristics of the medium were evaluated in comparison to those of 5% sheep blood and MacConkey agars by direct inoculation of the urine samples on the three media. Four gram-negative and two gram-positive strains as well as one yeast control strain from the American Type Culture Collection were used to ensure quality control. CHROMagar Orientation succeeded in detecting all the urine pathogens that were detected by the reference media, including gram-negative bacilli, staphylococci, streptococci, and yeasts. Colony color and morphology on CHROMagar Orientation accurately differentiated Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter spp. Owing to the similarity in the pigmentation produced by Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Citrobacter isolates, the medium failed to distinguish among them; however, these isolates were easily recognized as coliforms because of their metallic blue coloration. Staphylococci were clearly perceptible: S. aureus and S. epidermidis grow in regular-size colonies that range from opaque white to yellowish, and S. saprophyticus produces opaque pink colonies. All streptococcus strains, including those from groups B and C, were detected. They grow as undifferentiated flat dry diffused colonies, and additional tests were required for identification. Enterococci were easily discriminated by their strong turquoise pigmentation and their typical growth on the agar's surface. Yeast grow in typical creamy wet convex colonies. The accuracy of antibiotic susceptibility determinations according to standard methods was also tested by picking isolates directly from CHROMagar Orientation. The results showed excellent correlation with those obtained with microorganisms picked from reference media. Owing to the ease in differentiating mixed flora on CHROMagar Orientation, antimicrobic susceptibility tests were performed directly from primary isolates in all cases without the need for subcultures.
Chemical Pneumonitis and Acute Lung Injury Caused by Inhalation of Nickel Fumes (2011)

A 50-year-old man with a 30-year occupational history of welding presented with low-grade fever, fatigue and persistent dry cough. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest revealed interlobular septal thickening and bilateral non-segmental patchy ground-glass opacities except in the sub-pleural zone. He revealed that he had inhaled nickel fumes 3 days previously at work. These findings suggested a diagnosis of pneumonitis induced by inhalation of nickel fumes. Fewer reports describe pneumonitis associated with the inhalation of nickel compared with zinc fumes. Although nickel compounds are particularly pernicious among the transition metals and more toxic than zinc compounds, nickel fume inhalation rarely induces lethal acute respiratory distress syndrome. Our patient was successfully treated with corticosteroid.
HEMŞİRELİK VE EBELİK ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN KANGURU BAKIMI İLE İLGİLİ BİLGİ VE TUTUMLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ (2012)

AMAC: Bu arastirma, hemsirelik ve ebelik ogrencilerinin kanguru bakimi ile ilgili bilgi ve tutumlarinin degerlendirilmesi amaciyla yapilmistir. YONTEMLER: Calisma 2012-2013 ogretim yili guz doneminde bir Saglik Yuksekokulu’nda tanimlayici olarak gerceklestirilmistir. Calismanin evrenini, Saglik Yuksekokulu’nda hemsirelik ve ebelik bolumlerinin dorduncu sinifinda egitim goren 114 ogrenci olusturmustur. Orneklem grubu secimine gidilmeden arastirmaya katilmayi kabul eden ogrenciler ile calisma yapilmistir. Verilerin toplanmasinda arastirmacilar tarafindan literatur dogrultusunda olusturulan ogrencilerin tanitici ozelliklerini, kanguru bakimi ile ilgili bilgi ve tutumlarini sorgulayan bir soru formu kullanilmistir. Arastirmanin yapilabilmesi icin kurumdan resmi izin, ogrencilerden sozel onam alinmistir. Veriler, bilgisayar ortaminda yuzdelik dagilim ve ortalama ile degerlendirilmistir. BULGULAR: Ogrencilerin yarisinin kanguru bakimiyla ilgili yeterli bilgiye sahip oldugunu dusundugu, cogunlugunun kanguru bakiminin bebege, ebeveyne ve calisana/kuruma yararlari konusunda yeterince bilgiye sahip oldugu belirlendi. Ogrencilerin %82.5’inin yeterli uygulama deneyimine sahip olmadigini ifade ettigi, %34.2’sinin klinikte kanguru bakimi uygulamasi yaptigi saptanmistir. Bu ogrencilerden cogunlugunun huzursuz/aglayan bebege kanguru bakimini uyguladigi belirlenmistir. SONUC: Ogrencilerin kanguru bakimi ile ilgili yuksek oranda bilgi sahibi oldugu ancak kanguru bakimi uygulamasi konusunda yeterli klinik deneyime ve yeterlilige sahip olmadigi belirlenmistir.
Tutorial: Capillary Electrophoresis (1996)

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is electrophoresis performed in a capillary tube [1–3]. It is the most efficient separation technique available for the analysis of both large and small molecules. The transformation of conventional electrophoresis to modern CE was spurred by the production of inexpensive narrow-bore capillaries for gas chromatography (GC) and the development of highly sensitive on-line detection methods for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Molecular Control of Melanogenesis in Malignant Melanoma: Functional Assessment of Tyrosinase and Lamp Gene Families by UV Exposure and Gene Co‐Transfection, and Cloning of a cDNA Encoding Calnexin, A Possible Melanogenesis “Chaperone” (1994)

Melanogenesis is a cascade of events significantly controlled by regulatory genes which are associated with the melanosomal membrane. This report introduces our current research efforts dealing with (a) the gene and protein expressions of tyrosinase and Lamp (lysosome-associated membrane protein) families by human melanoma cells after repeated exposures to UV light, (b) the coordinated alterations in the expression of the Lamp family gene and its encoding product after transfection of two genes of the tyrosinase family in human melanoma cells and (c) cloning and sequencing of a Ca(2+)-binding phosphoprotein, calnexin, which could be a candidate as a chaperone for sorting and maturation of tyrosinase and Lamp family glycoproteins in melanogenesis cascade. Our UV exposure study, as well as gene transfection and antisense hybridization experiments, has clearly indicated a marked and coordinated interaction of the Lamp-1 gene with the tyrosinase and TRP-1 genes in this process. We propose that melanogenesis is controlled at least by two major gene family products, i.e., (a) the tyrosinase family of tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2, and the Lamp family of Lamp-1, Lamp-2 and Lamp-3. These two gene families probably derived from primordial melanogenesis-associated genes which are common or closely related to each other.
Peptide Inhibitors of Beta Amyloid Aggregation (2002)

Amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) is implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer s disease (AD), particularly as oligomers or polymers that are correlated with Abeta cellular toxicity. Inhibition of the formation of toxic forms of Abeta has therefore emerged as one approach to the treatment of AD. This article reviews efforts to adapt the structure of Abeta to the design and testing of peptide-based inhibitors of Abeta polymerization of interest as potential AD therapeutics.