gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TCAD/Physics-Based Analysis of High-Density Dual-BOX FD/SOI SRAM Cell With Improved Stability (2009)

This paper presents a new SRAM cell using a global back-gate bias scheme in dual buried-oxide (BOX) FD/SOI CMOS technologies. The scheme uses a single global back-gate bias for all cells in the entire columns or subarray, thereby reducing the area penalty. The scheme improves 6T SRAM standby leakage, read stability, write ability, and read/write performance. The basic concept of the proposed scheme is discussed based on physical analysis/equation to facilitate device parameter optimization for SRAM cell design in back-gated FD/SOI technologies. Numerical 2-D mixed-mode device/circuit simulation results validate the merits and advantages of the proposed scheme.
Biosolubilization of coal in aqueous and non-aqueous media (1988)

Biocatalytic solubilization of coal can be achieved by microorganisms in aqueous medium or by enzymes in aqueous or organic media. In these systems, coal is converted to a liquid product through a variety of oxidative and/or hydrogenative reactions. The mechanism and control of coal solubilization activity have been studied in organisms associated with coal in nature. The solubilization apparently involves catalysis by alkaline cell metabolites. The aqueous product of this microbial action may be a suitable substrate for other biological interactions such as biogas production by methanogenic organisms. Enzymatic coal solubilization has been demonstrated in both shake flasks and fluidized-bed reactors. The process has been carried out under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions, with aqueous and hydrous organic solvents. The solubilization product of the anaerobic process is much less polar than that from microbial solubilization.
Cross Layer MMRE AOMDV Model for Multimedia Transmission in Wireless Sensor Networks (2014)

With the advent of Wireless Technology, various applications in traditional wired networks have been adopted in Wireless Networks such as Ad Hoc Networks, Wireless Sensor Networks etc. Owing to limited energy in these devices power saving is very critical to prolong the lifetime of these devices. If the objective is to transmit multimedia, it is required to balance the power control and lifetime with the end to end Quality Constraints. Our work finds a mechanism to minimize the energy consumption while satisfying the QoS for Multimedia. In this work, we use cross-layer optimization mechanism based on power control for Maximal Minimal Residual EnergyAd Hoc On Demand Multipath Distance Vector (MMRE-AOMDV) routing protocol and the optimization mechanism is subject to certain QoS requirement in terms of total end-to end Quality Level. The proposed Sink Based MMRE-AOMDV routing algorithm uses the information such as image size, node gain, noise information available in the route request packets to calculate the optimal power vectors and the number of packets that can be sent by the source for each disjoint path in the route reply packets. The source is freed from the complex algorithmic executions and hence the energy needed for this purpose is conserved. It is assumed that energy is not a constraint for the sink and it has abundant computational power. General Terms Cross Layer Routing Algorithm, Wireless Sensor Networks
Collecting more garbage (1994)

We present a method, adapted to polymorphically typed functional languages, to detect and collect more garbage than existing GCs. It can be applied to strict or lazy higher order languages and to several garbage collection schemes. Our GC exploits the information on utility of arguments provided by polymorphic types of functions. It is able to detect garbage that is still referenced from the stack and may collect useless parts of otherwise useful data structures. We show how to partially collect shared data structures and to extend the type system to infer more precise information. We also present hoe this technique can plug several common forms of space leaks.
A multiple logistic model for predicting the occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in water (1992)

A multiple logistic regression model was established to predict the occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni/coli, related to index bacteria such as faecal coliforms, faecal streptococci, and sulphite-reducing clostridia, in a water source in southern Norway. The fitted model indicated that faecal coliforms were strong predictors for C. jejuni/coli, although the water temperature also had a strong influence on results. Sulphite-reducing clostridia, faecal streptococci, and season of the year had no significant influence on the results, in spite of their apparent predictor value as separate variables. The model employed offers a new approach to the relationship between index bacteria and the occurrence of pathogenic bacteria in water. Similar models can also be established in general food microbiology.
Water-Vapor Electrolysis Cell with Phosphoric Acid Electrolyte (1967)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">An oxygen-producing water electrolysis cell with phosphoric acid electrolyte can operate on the water vapor in recirculated cabin air and accomplish concurrent dehumidification. The development of the concept over the past 3 years involved research to define the components of electrode overvoltage and design analysis to provide a small, lightweight unit to compensate for the electrolysis power. Theoretical equations based on electrochemistry, fluid dynamics, and heat and mass transfer correlate with the observed steady state operation obtained in extended testing of experimental cells for over 1000 hr. Data on electrode life, gas purity, and voltage characteristics combined with size, weight, and power estimates indicate that the new concept would be competitive with other methods of oxygen generation for advanced space missions. The recent satisfactory performance of a prototype module in an extended test of over 1000 hr is reviewed.</div>
3D point cloud map construction based on line segments with two mutually perpendicular laser sensors (2013)

This paper presents a 3D point cloud map construction method based on extracted line segments with two mutually-perpendicular laser sensors in unknown indoor environment. To correct the position of mobile robot, the line segments are extracted from the raw sensor data from a horizontally installed laser sensor. In each step, these extracted segments are chosen as landmarks and matched with the stored features in previous steps. The state of mobile robot is updated by the successful matched line segments. Raw sensor data obtained from the vertical laser sensor are used to construct the 3D point cloud map with the small displacement of mobile robot. The experiment result of constructed 3D map of an unknown environment shows the feasibility of proposed method.
A combinatorial problem and a simple decoding method for cyclic codes (Corresp.) (1964)

A relevant problem pertaining to the theory of runs is considered. The solution is given, and in the sequel, a useful identity (Lemma 2) is derived. It is shown how these results apply to decoding of systematic cyclic codes. This leads to a simply implemented error-correcting and detecting decoder. The decoder functions by searching for an error-free string of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</tex> consecutive digits. The efficiency of such a decoder is described. The quantitative values are given in Table I. The decoding efficiency is higher when errors occur in bursts, instead of being independently distributed. The use of feedback offers an attractive utilization of the intrinsic error-detecting capability.
Orthodontics in Europe 1992 (1993)

The removal of economic barriers in Europe in 1992, began a new era in history and will have profound effects on orthodontics throughout Europe. In order to get an estimate of the orthodontic scene in each European country a questionnaire was sent to a well known orthodontist who was asked to fill in the form. The questionnaire consisted of enquiries into four areas of orthodontics. The first dealt with orthodontic specialization in the country and inquired into the numbers of orthodontists, where they practised, how they trained, and whether there was a specialist register. The second part dealt with the orthodontic societies, how many were there, how many members, and the frequency of the meetings. The third area asked about orthodontic practice, dealing with case load, types of appliances used, and the cost of treatment. The last section dealt with the future of orthodontics in their particular country. This related to the demand for orthodontics, the need for orthodontists and the changing patterns of orthodontic practice over the next decade. Twenty-three of the 26 countries in Europe when the questionnaire was sent out responded although some were unable to answer all the questions because orthodontics was not recognized in their country.
The Inorganic Chemistry of Carbon Difluoride (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Inorganic Chemistry of Carbon DifluorideWalter MahlerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1963, 2, 1, 230Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1963https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50005a065RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views234Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (147 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Compiler support for reducing leakage energy consumption (2003)

Current trends indicate that leakage energy consumption will be an important concern in upcoming process technologies. In this paper, we propose a compiler-based leakage energy optimization strategy. Our strategy is built upon a data-flow analysis that identifies basic blocks that do not use a given functional unit. Based on this information, the compiler then inserts activate/deactivate instructions in the code to set/reset a sleep signal which controls leakage current for functional units. Our experimental results show that the proposed compiler-based strategy is very effective in reducing leakage energy of functional units.
Holonic Control for Manufacturing Systems: Functional Design of a Manufacturing Robot Cell (1997)

The “holonic” concept was proposed in the late 1960s as the basis for modeling highly flexible and dynamic systems. This paper considers the holonic concept and its possibilities in designing next generation manufacturing systems. The holonic concept and its key elements, “holons”, are studied, and a proposal for an object model in an SA (Structured Analysis) domain is given with a feasibility demonstration for designing such systems. In more detail, the control solution is based on negotiation between the holons following the principles of the “contract net” negotiation protocol. The design work relies on the use of advanced simulation and SW tools and obeys the principles of the Real Time Structured Analysis (RT/SA). Through fast prototyping with advanced tools, the functional specifications of a holonic system are tested, and the feasibility of the holonic behavior is shown. A special feature in the prototyping process is direct compilation of the design graphs into executable code for a discrete event simulator, in our case the VHDL (Very high speed integrated circuit Hardware Description Language) simulator.
Plasma and Urine Concentrations of Bioactive Dietary Benzoxazinoids and Their Glucuronidated Conjugates in Rats Fed a Rye Bread-Based Diet (2012)

Thorough knowledge of the absorption and metabolism of dietary benzoxazinoids is needed to understand their health-promoting effects. In this study, the fates of these bioactive compounds were examined by LC-MS/MS in plasma, urine, and feces after ingesting a daily dose of 4780 ± 68 nmol benzoxazinoids from rye bread using Wistar rats as a model. HBOA-glc (2-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one) was the predominant benzoxazinoid in the plasma (74 ± 27 nmol/L), followed by DIBOA-glc (2-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-4-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one) and HBOA. The total level of benzoxazinoids in the urine was 1176 ± 66 nmol/d, which corresponds to approximately 25% of the total dietary intake. The urinary benzoxazinoid profile differed from that of plasma with HBOA-glc and DIBOA-glc (647 ± 31 and 466 ± 33 nmol/d, respectively) as the major urinary components. The glucuronide conjugates of HBOA and DIBOA were detected in both the plasma and urine. N-dehydroxylation was found to be a critical step in the absorption of hydroxamic acids. This unprecedented study will trigger future interest in the biological effects of benzoxazinoids in whole grain rye and wheat diets in humans and other animals.
The behaviour of the glass electrode in connection with its chemical composition (1934)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Synthesizing precious gems (2017)

The international gem trade can be a shady business. In a quiet corner of a busy London pub, a trader, who asked to remain anonymous, tells C&EN about passing off synthetic gems, made in a manufacturing plant, as natural. “This is worth more than $500,000,” the trader says, flashing a hand upward to reveal a gold ring clasping an emerald the size of a sugar cube. “Well it would be, depending on whether you consider it real or fake.” The trader admits to buying synthetic gems—which can be 30–40% cheaper to produce than natural gems—and then selling them to jewelers as natural. The trader is unwilling to discuss specific deals, as this could bring some heat from previous customers. Scientists have been able to make synthetic diamonds and other precious gems for decades, but in the past couple of years, technologies such as the one used to make the London
Standard karyotype and nomenclature system for description of chromosome bands and structural aberrations in wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) (1991)

A standard karyotype based on N-banding, C-banding, and modified C-banding has been constructed for Triticum aestivum L. 'Chinese Spring'. An idiogram and a nomenclature system have been developed for the description of individual bands. Nomenclatural rules have been proposed for the description of chromosomal structural aberrations and polymorphic bands in other wheat cultivars. As a rule each short arm (S) and a long arm (L) consists of a series of dark bands (C-bands) and light bands (mainly euchromatic) and by definition there are no interbands. In some cases, each arm has been subdivided into two or more regions. The description of a band requires designation of a chromosome number, arm (S or L), region, and band. The region number is separated from the band number by a decimal point. Except for arms 1AS, 3AL, 4AS, and 6AS, all wheat chromosome arms have one or more intercalary C-bands and are divisible into three or more bands. It is hoped that the proposed karyotype and nomenclature system will be widely adopted and lay the foundation of definitive chromosome analysis in wheat.Key words: C-banding, N-banding, common wheat, heterochromatin, idiogram.
Local Environment and Nature of Cu Active Sites in Zeolite-Based Catalysts for the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> (2013)

Cu-exchanged zeolites have demonstrated widespread use as catalyst materials in the abatement of NOx, especially from mobile sources. Recent studies focusing on Cu-exchanged zeolites with the CHA structure have demonstrated them to be excellent catalysts in the ammonia-assisted selective catalytic reduction (NH3-SCR) of NOx. Thorough characterization of these materials using state-of-the-art techniques has led to a significant improvement in the understanding of active sites present, which contributes toward a fundamental understanding of the catalytic processes and the rational design of new materials; however, the availability of multiple techniques at our disposal has led to various observations and conclusions on the nature of the active sites. This article begins with a brief introduction to exhaust emission control in the mobile sector, followed by an overview of hydrocarbon-SCR and NH3-SCR; the former technology having found common use in light duty passenger vehicles, whereas the latter are applied for medium (or heavy) duty vehicles, such as trucks and busses. This is followed by an overview of zeolite-based catalysts, especially for NH3-SCR reaction with a focus toward zeolites known to possess high activity. They include zeolites Y (FAU framework), ZSM-5 (MFI framework), SSZ-13 (CHA framework), and (briefly) zeolite Beta (BEA framework). A few common techniques used for the characterization of zeolites and the information that they bring to help determine the salient structural and mechanistic aspects of the NH3-SCR process are introduced. The combination and comparison of the information obtained from the approaches have resulted in an accurate elucidation of the local geometry and environment of Cu within zeolites, thus forming the active site. The article further focuses on three main aspects: (a) the crystallographic cation location of Cu within the structures as compared to results from techniques more sensitive to the local environment; (b) the interaction of Cu at these sites with reactant or probe molecules, which illustrates their (potential) mobility and accessibility; and (c) the proposed active sites within the zeolites ZSM-5, Y, and SSZ-13 as evident in literature. The discussion is focused toward the influence of the zeolite structure, from both a long-range perspective and that of the local structure around the active Cu species, on the thus formed active sites and their implications toward the NH3-SCR reaction.
Regulation of the Oocyte-to-Zygote Transition (2007)

Oocytes, the female germ cells, contain all the messenger RNAs necessary to start a new life but typically wait until fertilization to begin development. The transition from oocyte to fertilized egg (zygote) involves many changes, including protein synthesis, protein and RNA degradation, and organelle remodeling. These changes occur concurrently with the meiotic divisions that produce the haploid maternal genome. Accumulating evidence indicates that the cell-cycle regulators that control the meiotic divisions also regulate the many changes that accompany the oocyte-to-zygote transition. We suggest that the meiotic machinery functions as an internal pacemaker that propels oocytes toward embryogenesis.
Laser filament induced microwave waveguide in air (2007)

The feasibility of a microwave waveguide made of plasma channels under laser pulse filamentation is discussed. The necessary channel bunch configuration is achieved by initial intensity modulation of a femtosecond pulse. Estimations are given for wavelength of the microwave radiation and for parameters of the plasma channels configuration.
CDA: Calcium‐Dependent Peptide Antibiotics from <i>Streptomyces coelicolor</i> A3(2) Containing Unusual Residues (1997)

Only in the presence of Ca2+ are ions channels formed by peptides of the group of calcium-dependent antibiotics (CDA). O-Phosphorylated D-3-hydroxyasparagine is one of the unusual residues in the microheterogeneous CDA undecapeptide lactone isolated from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) (see below). By combination of modern analytical methods, such as the coupling of a gas-phase sequencer to a mass spectrometer, a total of four structures could be elucidated from only a few milligrams of product.
<title>Recent developments in electronic radiography at Los Alamos</title> (1999)

An overview of the radiographic capabilities with emphasis on electronic image detection and processing at the Los Alamos National Laboratory is presented. Fixed facilities and portable x-ray sources and imaging systems make up the Los Alamos capability. Examples of imaging with large area amorphous silicon imaging panels, a portable computed tomography system, high speed x-ray imaging applications and equipment, and small area, high resolution imagers are given. Radiographic simulation and reverse engineering from radiographic images to computer aided design files and solid models is also presented.
SUPERFICIAL TUMOR HYPERTHERMIA WITH FLAT LEFT-HANDED METAMATERIAL LENS (2009)

Flat left-handed metamaterial (LHM) lens can generate appropriate focusing spot in biological tissue as required in microwave tumor hyperthermia treatment. By using single flat LHM lens to concentrate microwave in a mass of tissue covered by water bolus, microwave hyperthermia scheme is proposed for superficial tumor hyperthermia. The power distribution in tissue is simulated by finitedifference time-domain method, and the thermal pattern is calculated by solving the bio-heat transfer equation. It is demonstrated that, by using a flat LHM lens of thickness of 4 cm to concentrate microwave of 2.45 GHz, a temperature above 42 C can be achieved and maintained in one hour in a tissue region of about 1.0 cm in width and 1.2 cm in depth in tissue with the source amplitude of 43.44 V/cm, which is suitable for superficial tumor hyperthermia. By adjusting the position of microwave source, the heating zone in tissue can be adjusted in both the lateral and depth direction in tissue. The influence of fat layer, effects of water bolus and microwave frequency on hyperthermia, is investigated as well.
Coupling of mitochondrial function and skeletal muscle fiber type by a miR‐499/Fnip1/ <scp>AMPK</scp> circuit (2016)

Upon adaption of skeletal muscle to physiological and pathophysiological stimuli, muscle fiber type and mitochondrial function are coordinately regulated. Recent studies have identified pathways involved in control of contractile proteins of oxidative-type fibers. However, the mechanism for coupling of mitochondrial function to the muscle contractile machinery during fiber type transition remains unknown. Here, we show that the expression of the genes encoding type I myosins, Myh7/Myh7b and their intronic miR-208b/miR-499, parallels mitochondrial function during fiber type transitions. Using in vivo approaches in mice, we found that miR-499 drives a PGC-1α-dependent mitochondrial oxidative metabolism program to match shifts in slow-twitch muscle fiber composition. Mechanistically, miR-499 directly targets Fnip1, an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-interacting protein that negatively regulates AMPK, a known activator of PGC-1α. Inhibition of Fnip1 reactivated AMPK/PGC-1α signaling and mitochondrial function in myocytes. Restoration of the expression of miR-499 in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) reduced the severity of DMD Thus, we have identified a miR-499/Fnip1/AMPK circuit that can serve as a mechanism to couple muscle fiber type and mitochondrial function.