gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chain extension of polybutylene adipate and polybutylene succinate with adipoyl‐ and terephthaloyl‐biscaprolactamate (2007)

Abstract HO‐terminated polybutylene adipate (HO‐PBA‐OH) with molecular weight from 1040 to 3540 and HO‐terminated polybutylene succinate (HO‐PBS‐OH) with intrinsic viscosity of 0.37 dL/g were synthesized through melt condensation polymerization from adipic acid or succinic acid with excess of butanediol. Chain extension of HO‐PBA‐OH or HO‐PBS‐OH with adipoyl biscaprolactamate and terephthaloyl biscaprolactamate was carried out at 200–240°C under reduced pressure. At the optimal conditions, chain‐extended PBA with M n up to 50,700, and M w up to 125,700 was synthesized, and the chain‐extended PBS with intrinsic viscosity of 1.25 dL/g was obtained. Meanwhile, p ‐toluenesulfonic acid, SnCl 4 and zinc acetylacetonate catalyzed chain‐extending reaction of HO‐PBA‐OH and HO‐PBS‐OH was also studied. The chain‐extended polyesters were characterized by IR spectra, 1 H‐NMR spectra, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The chain extension proceeds through the elimination of caprolactam rings in the chain‐extenders, the adipoyl groups or the terephthaloyl groups couple the hydroxyl‐terminated polyesters together and make the molecular weight of PBA or PBS increased, whether the acid catalyst such as p ‐toluenesulfonic acid was present or not. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Regulation of the G1/S Transition in Hepatocytes: Involvement of the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Cdk1 in the DNA Replication (2012)

A singular feature of adult differentiated hepatocytes is their capacity to proliferate allowing liver regeneration. This review emphasizes the literature published over the last 20 years that established the most important pathways regulating the hepatocyte cell cycle. Our article also aimed at illustrating that many discoveries in this field benefited from the combined use of in vivo models of liver regeneration and in vitro models of primary cultures of human and rodent hepatocytes. Using these models, our laboratory has contributed to decipher the different steps of the progression into the G1 phase and the commitment to S phase of proliferating hepatocytes. We identified the mitogen dependent restriction point located at the two-thirds of the G1 phase and the concomitant expression and activation of both Cdk1 and Cdk2 at the G1/S transition. Furthermore, we demonstrated that these two Cdks contribute to the DNA replication. Finally, we provided strong evidences that Cdk1 expression and activation is correlated to extracellular matrix degradation upon stimulation by the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα leading to the identification of a new signaling pathway regulating Cdk1 expression at the G1/S transition. It also further confirms the well-orchestrated regulation of liver regeneration via multiple extracellular signals and pathways.
Modeling the Properties of Carbon Nanotubes for Sensor‐Based Devices (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Properties of Carbon Nanotubes: Reminder Carbon Nanotube-Based Sensor Demonstrators: State-of-the-Art Modeling: Reviewing Methods and Tools Modeling Case Studies: Highlighting Physical Mechanisms Conclusions and Perspectives Acknowledgments List of Symbols References
English Proficiency and Academic Performance of International Students (1987)

The Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) is the most widely used measure to determine the extent to which international students have developed the English language skills necessary for successful college-level study in the United States and Canada; a number of studies have examined the relationship between TOEFL score and academic success. In the study reported in this article, the records of 376 international graduate students at the State University of New York at Albany were analyzed for relationships among TOEFL score, grade point average, graduate credits earned, and academic major. TOEFL score was not found to be an effective predictor of academic success, as measured by grade point average, for this group of graduate students. However, there was a significant correlation between TOEFL score and graduate credits earned, and there were substantial differences among academic majors in the correlation between TOEFL score and grade point average. Directions for further research are discussed.
The Clustered AGgregation (CAG) technique leveraging spatial and temporal correlations in wireless sensor networks (2007)

Sensed data in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) reflect the spatial and temporal correlations of physical attributes existing intrinsically in the environment. In this article, we present the Clustered AGgregation (CAG) algorithm that forms clusters of nodes sensing similar values within a given threshold (spatial correlation), and these clusters remain unchanged as long as the sensor values stay within a threshold over time (temporal correlation). With CAG, only one sensor reading per cluster is transmitted whereas with Tiny AGgregation (TAG) all the nodes in the network transmit the sensor readings. Thus, CAG provides energy efficient and approximate aggregation results with small and often negligible and bounded error. In this article we extend our initial work in CAG in five directions: First, we investigate the effectiveness of CAG that exploits the temporal as well as spatial correlations using both the measured and modeled data. Second, we design CAG for two modes of operation (interactive and streaming) to enable CAG to be used in different environments and for different purposes. Interactive mode provides mechanisms for one-shot queries, whereas the streaming mode provides those for continuous queries. Third, we propose a fixed range clustering method, which makes the performance of our system independent of the magnitude of the sensor readings and the network topology. Fourth, using mica2 motes, we perform a large-scale measurement of real environmental data (temperature and light, both indoor and outdoor) and the wireless radio reliability, which were used for both analytical modeling and simulation experiments. Fifth, we model the spatially correlated data using the properties of our real world measurements. Our experimental results show that when we compute the average of sensor readings in the network using the CAG interactive mode with the user-provided error threshold of, 20%, we can save 68.25% of transmissions over TAG with only 2.46% inaccuracy in the result. The streaming mode of CAG can save even more transmissions (up to 70.24% in our experiments) over TAG, when data shows high spatial and temporal correlations. We expect these results to hold in reality, because we used the mica2 radio profile and empirical datasets for our simulation study. CAG is the first system that leverages spatial and temporal correlations to improve energy efficiency of in-network aggregation. This study analytically and empirically validates CAG's effectiveness.
Lazy Satisfiability Modulo Theories (2007)

Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) is the problem of deciding the satisfiability of a first-order formula with respect to some decidable first-order theory T (SMT (T )). These problems are typically not handled adequately by standard automated theorem provers. SMT is being recognized as increasingly important due to its applications in many domains in different communities, in particular in formal verification. An amount of papers with novel and very efficient techniques for SMT has been published in the last years, and some very efficient SMT tools are now available.
Felix Grundy, Champion of Democracy (1940)

Journal Article Felix Grundy, Champion of Democracy. By Joseph H. Parks. Southern Biography Series. Edited by Wendell H. Stephenson and Fred C. Cole. (University, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press, 1940. x + 368 pp. Illustrations and bibliography. $3.00.) Get access Clement Eaton Clement Eaton Lafayette College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 27, Issue 2, September 1940, Page 291, https://doi.org/10.2307/1896830 Published: 01 September 1940
Field Reversed Configuration Confinement Enhancement through Edge Biasing and Neutral Beam Injection (2012)

Field reversed configurations (FRCs) with high confinement are obtained in the C-2 device by combining plasma gun edge biasing and neutral beam injection. The plasma gun creates an inward radial electric field that counters the usual FRC spin-up. The n = 2 rotational instability is stabilized without applying quadrupole magnetic fields. The FRCs are nearly axisymmetric, which enables fast ion confinement. The plasma gun also produces E × B shear in the FRC edge layer, which may explain the observed improved particle transport. The FRC confinement times are improved by factors 2 to 4, and the plasma lifetimes are extended from 1 to up to 4 ms.
Discrete Fourier Transform Computation Using Neural Networks (2008)

In this paper, a method is introduced how to process the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) by a single-layer neural network with a linear transfer function. By implementing the suggested solution into neuro- hardware, advantage can be taken of actual parallel processing of spectral components of different frequencies and of different coefficients of each spectral line. When computing the DFT due to input data pre-processing for a certain neural network solution, a stand alone solution of neural networks without the necessity of additional computational resources can be achieved.
Compact CMOS constant-g/sub m/ rail-to-rail input stage with g/sub m/-control by an electronic zener diode (1996)

A family of compact CMOS rail-to-rail input stages with constant-g/sub m/ is presented. To attain a constant-g/sub m/ over the whole common-mode input range, an electronic zener diode is inserted between the tails of the complementary input pairs. This zener keeps the sum of the gate-source voltages of the input pairs, and therefore the g/sub m/ of the rail-to-rail input stage, constant. Two possible implementations of the zener have been realized and inserted in a rail-to-rail input stage. These input stages are implemented in two two-stage compact amplifiers. Both amplifiers have been realized in a 1 /spl mu/m BiCMOS process. They have a unity-gain frequency of 2-MHz, for a capacitive load of 20 pF.
Peer evaluation as a needed web 2.0 activity in project management for teaching practical software engineering (2009)

Effective communication and collaboration is important in any team project. There has been a trend to use Web 2.0 tools - such as Facebook and Google Docs - for effective communication and collaboration. For example, Facebook and other social networks can be used for general discussion and communication. Google Docs can be used to create live documents that can be modified by more than one person at a time.
Large Volume Electret Dosemeter for Measurement of Low Level Radiation (1983)

An electret is a piece of dielectric carrying quasi-permanent electrostatic charge. A negatively charged electret loaded at the top centre of a 4.8 litre plastic chamber was observed to discharge exponentially with the cumulative dose. However the dose required to bring the charge to half of its initial value D1/2 depended on the dose rate (D). There was a systematic power function relationship between D and D1/2 over certain ranges of electret charge. Such a relationship was used to calculate the unknown dose rate by knowing the ratio of initial to final charge and the time of exposure. There was a good agreement between the dose rates estimated to the dose rates expected from a standard radium source. The method was found to be sensitive enough to measure dose rates at environmental level (10 µR h-1) within a period of 10 to 20 hrs. The method also provided an energy independent and time averaged dose rate measurement, an important factor in some cases.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of 1‐Hydroxy‐Substituted Benzo[<i>b</i>]quinolidines and 11‐Hydroxy‐Substituted Azepino[1,2‐<i>b</i>]isoquinolines via Hetero‐Ene Cyclization (1997)

Abstract ( L )‐Phenylalanine 4 can be converted to N ‐(4‐methyl‐3‐pentenyl)tetrahydrosisoquinoline‐3‐carbaldehyde 10 and the corresponding homologous aldehyde 19 in 4 and 5 steps, respectively, by employing the Pictet–Spengler reaction as the key step. After Lewis acid catalyzed cyclization of 10 and 19 the cis ‐configured 1‐hydroxybenzo[ b ]quinolizidine 21a and 11‐hydroxyazepino[1,2‐ b ]isoquinoline 22a were obtained with high diastereoselectivities. Compound 21a , which was characterized by X‐ray structure analysis, displays a fishbone pattern of endless zig‐zag chains connected via intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the solid state.
Simulation of the Spontaneous Aggregation of Phospholipids into Bilayers (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSimulation of the Spontaneous Aggregation of Phospholipids into BilayersSiewert J. Marrink, Erik Lindahl, Olle Edholm, and Alan E. MarkView Author Information Department of Biophysical Chemistry University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands Theoretical Physics, Royal Institute of Technology SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 35, 8638–8639Publication Date (Web):August 10, 2001Publication History Received6 April 2001Published online10 August 2001Published inissue 1 September 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja0159618https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0159618rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4589Altmetric-Citations213LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aggregation,Lipids,Membranes,Phase transitions,Vesicles Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of Errors in Automated Pavement‐Distress Data Acquisition (1991)

The extent of degradation and decay of transportation infrastructure has created new demands on maintenance management systems. This, in turn, has emphasized the need for accurate condition assessment data for use in infrastructure management. At the same time, technological advances in automated inspection systems provide the opportunity to automate the collection of surface condition data. The effect of the technology on accuracy has not been previously evaluated. This paper evaluates the data‐acquisition component of two automated optical technologies and identifies the main sources of error. Simulated longitudinal and transverse cracks are used to illustrate the results. The simulations indicate that correction factors are important to compensate for errors due to resolution and coverage limitations. Therefore, on a crack‐by‐crack basis, most technologies will perform poorly. When cracks are uniformly distributed, equipment with high resolution but poor coverage provides more accurate estimates of cracking extent but has more variability than equipment with good coverage. Finally, the results indicate that the inherent variability in the location, width, and length of cracks may lead to significant error.
Scanning Probe Microscopy of Interfacial Water Confined Between Silica Surfaces (2009)

Scanning probe microscope (SPM) techniques are employed to study the structure and mechanical properties of water confined between two silica surfaces. Water molecules adjacent to other materials, such as in the vicinity of biological cell membranes, rearrange to form “interfacial water.” The interfacial water behaves differently from bulk water to a substatial degree in its structure and mechanical properties. Probing the structure of interfacial water and its mechanical properties is crucial from understanding of the biomolecular functions to the micro-machine development. Even with such importance, however, the interfacial water is difficult to observe with ordinary analytic techniques because of its delicate nature near the surface. The SPM’s excellent distance and force control capability allows for investigating the interfacial water near the sample surface. A cantilever based optical interfacial force microscope (COIFM), a newly developed SPM technique at Boise State University, was used to probe the ordered structure of the interfacial water in the direction perpendicular to the surface. A Non-Contact (NC) AFM was used to image the arrangement of the interfacial water in the direction parallel to the surface. The COIFM and NC-AFM measurements were performed on silica surfaces, the most abundant substance on the earth’s crust, for various relative humidity. The COIFM data show periodic features as the tip approaches the surface, showing single water-layer ordering effect of the interfacial water. In each layered region, the force decreases nonlinearly as the gap decreases. The NC-AFM images show that some water bundles lay down and some stand up, supporting the COIFM data. The humidity dependent data shows how the structure of water evolves as the thickness of the water film changes from droplets to monolayers to multilayers on the silica surface. The origin of the observed structure of the interfacial water is discussed with a simple two-dimensional self-assembly theory.
Parallel Reservoir Simulation with Nested Factorisation (1996)

To obtain worthwhile gains from massively parallel computers in the area of reservoir simulation we require a high degree of parallelisation and efficient treatment of data input and output. We discuss a domain-based approach in which the reservoir is split into areally defined domains, each treating its own cells and wells. A message passing protocol such as PVM is used as the programming model.
Catenation of Heterocyclic Non-Kekulé Biradicals to Tetraradical Prototypes of Conductive or Magnetic Polymers (1997)

Methods are described for the synthesis of bis-diazene precursors of catenated tetraradicals. Photodeazetation in a low-temperature matrix of the N-tosylpyrrole member of the series (13) gives mainly the monodeazetated biradical 34, which is characterized by its ESR spectrum as a triplet species. Determination of the absolute number of spins present and analysis of the kinetics of the photolysis show that the tetraradical 12 is present to the extent of only 0.2−0.5% of the concentration of the biradical. The spectrum of the tetraradical 12 therefore cannot be observed under these conditions, and its spin remains unknown. Photodeazetation of the bis-diazene precursor (35) in the thiophene series gives successively the green monodeazetated biradical 36 and the (also green) bis-deazetated tetraradical 11. The reactions of compound 11 with alkenes in thawed matrices and its lack of an ESR spectrum characterize the species as a singlet. The tetraradical 11 is a prototype of a nonclassical polymeric conductor. Because of the presence of “half-filled” NBMOs, the frontier electrons of such molecules may be exceptionally conductive.
Example-based wrinkle synthesis for clothing animation (2010)

This paper describes a method for animating the appearance of clothing, such as pants or a shirt, that fits closely to a figure's body. Compared to flowing cloth, such as loose dresses or capes, these types of garments involve nearly continuous collision contact and small wrinkles, that can be troublesome for traditional cloth simulation methods. Based on the observation that the wrinkles in close-fitting clothing behave in a predominantly kinematic fashion, we have developed an example-based wrinkle synthesis technique. Our method drives wrinkle generation from the pose of the figure's kinematic skeleton. This approach allows high quality clothing wrinkles to be combined with a coarse cloth simulation that computes the global and dynamic aspects of the clothing motion. While the combined results do not exactly match a high-resolution reference simulation, they do capture many of the characteristic fine-scale features and wrinkles. Further, the combined system runs at interactive rates, making it suitable for applications where high-resolution offline simulations would not be a viable option. The wrinkle synthesis method uses a precomputed database built by simulating the high-resolution clothing as the articulated figure is moved over a range of poses. In principle, the space of poses is exponential in the total number of degrees of freedom; however clothing wrinkles are primarily affected by the nearest joints, allowing each joint to be processed independently. During synthesis, mesh interpolation is used to consider the influence of multiple joints, and combined with a coarse simulation to produce the final results at interactive rates.
SPINK7 (serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 7 (putative)) (2008)

Review on SPINK7 (serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 7 (putative)), with data on DNA, on the protein encoded, and where the gene is implicated.
Identification of a Novel Family of Ubiquitin-conjugating Enzymes with Distinct Amino-terminal Extensions (1996)

The ubiquitin/proteasome system is the main eukaryotic nonlysosomal protein degradation system. Substrate selectivity of this pathway is thought to be mediated in part by members of a large family of ubiquitin-conjugating (E2) enzymes, which catalyze the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to proteolytic substrates. E2 enzymes have a conserved approximately 150-residue so-called UBC domain, which harbors the cysteine residue required for enzyme-ubiquitin thioester formation. Some E2 enzymes possess additional carboxyl-terminal extensions that are involved in substrate specificity and intracellular localization of the enzyme. Here we describe a novel family of E2 enzymes from higher eukaryotes (Drosophila, mouse, and man) that have amino-terminal extensions but lack carboxyl-terminal extensions. We have identified four different variants of these enzymes that have virtually identical UBC domains (94% identity) but differ in their amino-terminal extensions. In yeast, these enzymes can partially complement mutants deficient in the UBC4 E2 enzyme. This indicates that members of this novel E2 family may operate in UBC4-related proteolytic pathways.