gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Expression of Histocompatibility-related Leukocyte Antigens in the Pathway to Cervical Carcinoma (1994)

The major histocompatibility complex probably plays a crucial role in the efficacy of the cellular immune response against virally infected cervical diseases. Therefore, the allele-specific histocompatibility-related leukocyte antigens (HLA) class I and II expression on normal (n = 10), premalignant (n = 25), and malignant cervical tissue (n = 30) was investigated. No alterations in monomorphic or locus/allele-specific HLA class I or II expression were observed in normal and premalignant epithelial tissue. In cervical carcinomas, however, a reduced expression of HLA class I antigens was present in 70% of the cases, comprising a monomorphic class I loss in 20%, and an allele-specific loss in 50% of HLA-A2-, 66% of A3-, 56% of Bw4-, and 37% of Bw6-positive patients. De novo expression of class II antigens was observed in 80% of the cervical carcinomas, with the sublocus products being expressed in the order HLA-DR > HLA-DQ > HLA-DP. The authors' results show that alteration in HLA expression is a process confined to malignant cells, which may allow tumors to evade immune surveillance. In addition, these findings have to be considered as new strategies of immunotherapy using cytotoxic T lymphocytes are developed.
Improved ATP methodology for biomass assays (1989)

ATP methodology needs to be further standardized and improved in order to avoid the pitfalls that have sometimes hampered its application to biomass assays. The following steps have been reconsidered as far as the bacteriological applications is concerned: (a) destruction of free and somatic ATP: replacement of apyrase by mammalian ATPase, more readily accessible to specific inhibition; (b) extraction of bacterial ATP: protection of luciferase by lipids against inhibitory effect of cationic detergents with production of a constant light response. New methods are proposed for the calibration of luminometers and for the matching of sample holders in multichannel instruments. The limit of sensitivity of ATP assays is discussed in the light of currently available reagents and instruments.
Two Dimensional Patterning of Fluorescent Proteins in Hydrogels (2005)

This work describes the successful micropatterning of hybrid systems consisting of hydrogel-dispersed optically active and controllable proteins on solid surfaces without degradation of the photophysical properties of the light-emitting biomolecules. It demonstrates the preservation of the luminescence properties of proteins entrapped into isolated microstructures of poly(acrylamide) gel. This way we can exploit both the structural and function-preserving properties of the hydrogels and the functionality of light-emitting proteins. We believe that this approach can open the way to the realization of nanopatterned optical memories based on photochromic biomolecules.
Conductivity compensation in CdZnTe: Cl crystals with variable zinc content (2007)

The effect of cadmium vapor pressure during postgrowth annealing on the compensation of conductivity has been studied in semi-insulating Cd1−x Zn x Te:Cl crystals with variable zinc content (x = 0.005, 0.01, and 0.05), which are used in nuclear radiation detectors. At a small zinc content (x = 0.005 and 0.01), the main role in the in Cd1−x Zn x Te:Cl crystals is played by the cadmium point defects. In crystals with a higher zinc content (x = 0.05), the compensation of charged defects is incompletely controlled by changing the cadmium vapor pressure, which is evidence of a significant influence of the zinc point defects.
Alginate–pectin microcapsules as a potential for folic acid delivery in foods (2005)

Most naturally occurring folate derivatives in foods are highly sensitive to temperature, oxygen, light and their stability is affected by processing conditions. Folic acid incorporated microcapsules using alginate and combinations of alginate and pectin polymers were prepared to improve stability. Folic acid stability was evaluated with reference to encapsulation efficiency, gelling and hardening of capsules, capsular retention during drying and storage. Use of alginate in combination with pectin produced more robust capsules and contributed to greater encapsulation efficiency. The capsules lost their spherical shape as a consequence of increased pectin. The high alginate capsules, A100:P0 (100% alginate: 0% pectin) and A80:P20 (80% alginate: 20% pectin) were of regular spherical shape, while those with more pectin, A70:P30 (70% alginate: 30% pectin) and A60:P40 (60% alginate: 40% pectin) formed irregular spheres. The loading efficiency, expressed as a percentage of the actual loading to theoretical loading, varied from 55-89% with the composition of the mixed polymers. After 11 weeks of storage at 4 degrees C, folic acid retention in freeze-dried capsules was 100% (A70:P30 and A60:P40), 80% (A80:P20) and 30% (A100:P0). The blended alginate and pectin polymer matrix increased folic acid encapsulation efficiency and reduced the leakage from the capsules compared to those made with alginate alone and showed higher folic acid retention after freeze drying and storage.
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L-like (hnRNPLL) and elongation factor, RNA polymerase II, 2 (ELL2) are regulators of mRNA processing in plasma cells (2012)

B cells and plasma cells possess distinct RNA processing environments that respectively promote the expression of membrane-associated Ig by B cells versus the secretion of Ig by plasma cells. Through a combination of transcriptional profiling and screening using a lentiviral short-hairpin RNA interference library, we show that both the splicing factor hnRNPLL and the transcription elongation factor ELL2 modulate the ratio of secreted versus membrane-encoding Ighg2b transcripts in MPC11 plasmacytoma cell lines. hnRNPLL and ELL2 are both highly expressed in primary plasma cells relative to B cells, but hnRNPLL binds Ighg2b mRNA transcripts and promotes an increase in levels of the membrane-encoding Ighg2b isoform at the expense of the secreted Ighg2b isoform, whereas ELL2 counteracts this effect and drives Ig secretion by increasing the frequency of the secreted Ighg2b isoform. As in T cells, hnRNPLL also alters the splicing pattern of mRNA encoding the adhesion receptor CD44, promoting exon inclusion, and decreasing the overall level of CD44 expression. Further characterization of ELL2-dependent transcription by RNA-Seq revealed that ∼12% of transcripts expressed by plasma cells were differentially processed because of the activities of ELL2, including B-cell maturation antigen BCMA, a receptor with a defined role in plasma cell survival. Taken together, our data identify hnRNPLL and ELL2 as regulators of pre-mRNA processing in plasma cells.
Identification of Conserved Residues in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Principal Neutralizing Determinant That Are Involved in Fusion (1991)

The principal neutralizing determinant of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is located within the V3 loop of the surface glycoprotein gp120. Recently a mutational approach was used to demonstrate that the tip of the V3 loop is involved in cell fusion mediated by the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins. Here these results are extended by introducing seven additional single amino acid mutations in the V3 loop. Mutations at highly conserved amino acids in the left stem, tip, and right stem of the V3 loop blocked or greatly reduced cell fusion without affecting envelope glycoprotein processing, transport, or binding to the CD4 receptor molecule. This study further characterizes the involvement of the V3 loop in cell fusion mediated by the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins and identifies residues involved in the fusion reaction.
High-Speed Sorting of Grains by Color and Surface Texture (2010)

A high-speed, low-cost, image-based sorting device was developed to detect and separate grains with different colors/textures. The device directly combines a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) color image sensor with a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) that was programmed to execute image processing in real-time without the need for an external computer. The spatial resolution of the imaging system is approximately 16 pixels/mm. The system utilizes the inherent parallel processing capabilities of FPGA's to inspect three separate streams of grain with a single camera/FPGA combination. Kernels are imaged immediately after dropping off the end of a chute and are diverted by activating an air valve. The system has a throughput rate of approximately 225 kernels/s overall, which is much higher than previously developed image inspection systems. This throughput rate corresponds to an inspection rate of approximately 25 kg/h of wheat. Testing of the system resulted in accuracies of 96% for separating red wheat from white wheat, 93% accuracy for separating barley from durum, and 92% for separating brown flax from yellow flax. The sorter should find use in removing other defects found in grain, such as scab-damaged and bunted wheat. Parts for the system cost less than $2,000, so it may be economical to run several systems in parallel to keep up with processing plant rates.
Abnormalities of Axon Growth in Human Olfactory Mucosa (2005)

The status of olfactory axons provides useful information on the overall condition of the olfactory periphery and improves the diagnostic usefulness of mucosal biopsies. In addition to an assessment of the epithelium per se, the fascicles of the olfactory nerve need to be characterized for a complete analysis of the olfactory mucosa.
Heavily doped n-type PbSe and PbS nanocrystals using ground-state charge transfer from cobaltocene (2013)

Colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) of lead chalcogenides are a promising class of tunable infrared materials for applications in devices such as photodetectors and solar cells. Such devices typically employ electronic materials in which charge carrier concentrations are manipulated through "doping;" however, persistent electronic doping of these NCs remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrate that heavily doped n-type PbSe and PbS NCs can be realized utilizing ground-state electron transfer from cobaltocene. This allows injecting up to eight electrons per NC into the band-edge state and maintaining the doping level for at least a month at room temperature. Doping is confirmed by inter- and intra-band optical absorption, as well as by carrier dynamics. Finally, FET measurements of doped NC films and the demonstration of a p-n diode provide additional evidence that the developed doping procedure allows for persistent incorporation of electrons into the quantum-confined NC states.
[A clinical study on fresh amniotic membrane transplantation for treatment of severe ocular surface disorders at acute inflammatory and cicatricial stage]. (2000)

Fresh amniotic membrane can be used as a graft to reconstruct ocular surface. Such transplantation can effectively reduce neovascularization, fibrosis and inflammation. Our data indicated that complete removal of pathological tissues and perfect fixation of amniotic membrane graft are crucial steps in the reconstruction of ocular surface.
Dimeric S100A8 in human neutrophils is diminished after phagocytosis (2001)

S100A8 is a major cytoplasmic protein of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages and has been associated with myeloid cell differentiation and activation. Little is known about its functions or mechanisms of release from neutrophils. We have developed a monoclonal antibody to murine S100A8, which cross-reacts with human S100A8. This antibody, which recognizes the homodimeric form of the protein, detects its expression specifically in human neutrophils and is reactive in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Using this antibody as well as a commercially available antibody to human S100A8, we show that phagocytic activation of neutrophils, in vivo in acute appendicitis and in vitro following phagocytosis of opsonized zymosan, is characterized by loss of cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for S100A8. In vitro, phagocytosis is associated with rapid diminution of immunostaining without loss of viability. Loss of immunoreactivity for S100A8 may serve as a marker of localized neutrophil activation in tissues.
Mapping between Relational Database Schema and OWL Ontology for Deep Annotation (2006)

Creating mappings between database schema and Web ontology is a preconditioning process in the generation of ontological annotations for dynamic Web page contents extracted from the database. In this paper, a practical approach to creating mappings between a relational database schema and an OWL ontology is presented. The approach can automatically construct the mappings by following a set of predefined heuristic rules based on the conceptual correspondences between the schema and the ontology. This automatic mapping is implemented as the core functionality in a prototype tool D2OMapper that has some assistant functions to help the user manually create and maintain the mappings. Case studies show that the proposed approach is effective and the produced mappings can be applied to semantic annotation of database-based, dynamic Web pages
An in situ Study of Aqueous  HF  Treatment of Silicon by Contact Angle Measurement and Ellipsometry (1988)

The application of in situ ellipsometry and in situ contact angle measurement to semiconductor surfaces is introduced. It should be recognized that the techniques discussed are applicable to all semiconductor surfaces in any ambient liquid phase. Experimental and instrumental considerations for the use of these techniques are discussed as well as experimental results for analysis of silicon and silicon dioxide surfaces. These results pertain to Si surfaces in ambient aqueous and yield evidence of a fluorocarbon film present on the Si surface following etch of a film.
Sexual Absorption of Vaginal Progesterone: A Randomized Control Trial (2015)

Objective. To determine if sexual intercourse reduces absorption of vaginal progesterone gel in women and to determine if progesterone is absorbed by the male during intercourse. Study Design. Prospective, randomized, cross over, controlled study of 20 reproductive-aged women and their male sexual partners randomized to receive vaginal progesterone gel (Crinone 8% gel, Actavis Inc., USA) or placebo cream. Serum progesterone for both male and female partners were measured 10 hours after intercourse. One week later, subjects were crossed over to receive the opposite formulation. In the third week, women used progesterone gel at night and abstained from intercourse. Results. Serum progesterone was significantly reduced with vaginal progesterone gel + intercourse compared with vaginal progesterone gel + abstinence (P = 0.0075). Men absorbed significant progesterone during intercourse with a female partner using vaginal progesterone gel compared to placebo (P = 0.0008). Conclusion(s). Vaginal progesterone gel is reduced in women after intercourse which may decrease drug efficacy during luteal phase support. Because men absorb low levels of progesterone during intercourse, exposure could cause adverse effects such as decreased libido. This study is registered under Clinical Trial number NCT01959464.
Principles of Fabric Formation (2014)

How Are Textile Fabrics Formed?Principles of Fabric Formation is a treatise on the modern production systems of woven, knitted, braided, nonwoven, triaxial, multiaxial, and 3D fabrics. This book offers a basic understanding of the technicalities involved in the formation of different types of textile fabrics, and brings out the relative merits and
Risk-adjusted therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia can decrease treatment burden and improve survival: treatment results of 2169 unselected pediatric and adolescent patients enrolled in the trial ALL-BFM 95 (2008)

The trial ALL-BFM 95 for treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia was designed to reduce acute and long-term toxicity in selected patient groups with favorable prognosis and to improve outcome in poor-risk groups by treatment intensification. These aims were pursued through a stratification strategy using white blood cell count, age, immunophenotype, treatment response, and unfavorable genetic aberrations providing an excellent discrimination of risk groups. Estimated 6-year event-free survival (6y-pEFS) for all 2169 patients was 79.6% (+/- 0.9%). The large standard-risk (SR) group (35% of patients) achieved an excellent 6y-EFS of 89.5% (+/- 1.1%) despite significant reduction of anthracyclines. In the medium-risk (MR) group (53% of patients), 6y-pEFS was 79.7% (+/- 1.2%); no improvement was accomplished by the randomized use of additional intermediate-dose cytarabine after consolidation. Omission of preventive cranial irradiation in non-T-ALL MR patients was possible without significant reduction of EFS, although the incidence of central nervous system relapses increased. In the high-risk (HR) group (12% of patients), intensification of consolidation/reinduction treatment led to considerable improvement over the previous ALL-BFM trials yielding a 6y-pEFS of 49.2% (+/- 3.2%). Compared without previous trial ALL-BFM 90, consistently favorable results in non-HR patients were achieved with significant treatment reduction in the majority of these patients.
Differential labeling and identification of the cysteine-containing tryptic peptides of catalytic subunit from porcine heart cAMP-dependent protein kinase. (1981)

The cysteine-containing tryptic peptides from the catalytic subunit of CAMP-dependent protein kinase were isolated and characterized with the aid of the sulfhydryl specific reagent iodoacetic acid.When the catalytic subunit was reacted with ['4C)iodoacetic acid, cleaved with trypsin, and chromatographed on Sephadex G-50, three distinct components of radioactivity (C-1, C-2, and C-3) were identified.These components were further purified using a combination of high performance liquid chromatography and paper chromatography.Subsequent analysis revealed that only two of these components ((3-2 and (2-3) contained carboxymethylcysteine.The sequences of these two peptides are as follows: (C-2) -Cys-Gly-Lys-Glu-Phe-Ser-Glu-Phe;
Formulation and evaluation of rifampicin liposomal buccal films (2013)

The objective of the present investigation was to prepare buccal films for rifampicin by using liposomes as carriers. Liposomes have physical instability issues caused by aggregation of vesicles to form large particles. To overcome the stability problems and improve the oral bioavailability, rifampicin was formulated as liposomes and further they were formulated into films. Liposomes were prepared by solvent injection method using lecithin, and cholesterol. The liposomes were evaluated for their physical and chemical properties. The liposomes that were formulated were again made into buccal films using HydroxyPropyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) 15cps as a film former and propylene glycol used as a plasticizer by simple solvent casting technique. These dosage forms were characterized for their physicochemical properties by using FTIR, XRD, SEM etc. They were further evaluated for drug content and in vitro drug release. The drug release from the films was uniform and complete. More than 90 % of the drug released from all the films within 60 minute. Data of in vitro release from films were fit to different kinetic models to explain release profiles. Kinetic models used were zero order, first-order, Higuchi and Korsemeyer-Peppas. The drug release decreased with increasing the polymer concentration. The drug release from the films followed zero order anomalous behavior (Non-Fickian). The present study clearly indicted the usefulness of liposomal films for administration rifampicin through buccal route.
In vivo vascular damage, leukocyte activation and inflammatory response induced by beta-amyloid. (1997)

beta-amyloid toxicity is central to the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. Recent evidence implicates vascular dysfunction as a contributing factor to the dementia of Alzheimer type. Using intravital microscopy we demonstrate that in vivo administration of beta-amyloid produces extensive vascular disruption including endothelial and smooth muscle damage, adhesion and migration of leukocytes across arteries and venules. Amyloid angiopathy with vascular damage and inflammatory changes are hallmarks in the brains of Alzheimer disease victims. The vascular actions of beta-amyloid are distinct from the neurotoxic properties of the peptide and were prevented by the free radical scavenging enzyme superoxide dismutase. Oxygen radical mediated vascular dysfunction may induce ischemic and inflammatory responses leading to neurodegeneration as seen in Alzheimer's disease.
Pharmacological Properties of T-Type Ca<sup>2+</sup>Current in Adult Rat Sensory Neurons: Effects of Anticonvulsant and Anesthetic Agents (1998)

We have used the whole cell patch-clamp method to study pharmacological properties of low-voltage-activated (LVA) Ca2+ current in freshly dissociated neurons from dorsal root ganglia of adult rats. Inward barium current [in the presence of internal fluoride to reduce L-type high-voltage-activated (HVA) and external 1 microM omega-conotoxin GVIA to block N-type HVA current- was evoked from negative holding potentials of -90 mV to test potentials of -25 mV and showed complete inactivation during 200-ms test pulses. Amiloride blocked approximately 90% of current with half-maximal block (EC50) of 75 microM and a Hill coefficient (n) of 0.99. LVA current was blocked completely by inorganic Ca2+ channel blockers: lanthanum (EC50 = 0. 53 microM) > zinc (EC50 = 11.3 microM) > cadmium (EC50 = 20 microM)> nickel (EC50 = 51 microM). The antiepileptics, ethosuximide (EC50 = 23.7 mM, n = 1.4), phenytoin (EC50 = 7.3 microM, n = 1.3), alpha-methyl-alpha-phenylsuccinimide (EC50 = 170 microM, n = 2.1), and valproic acid (EC50 = 330 microM, n = 1.9) maximally blocked approximately 100, 60, 26, and 17% of T current, respectively. Another antiepileptic, carbamazepine (</=100 microM), and convulsants such as pentylenetetrazole (1 mM) and tert-butyl-bicyclo [2.2.2] phosphorothionate (50 microM) had no effect on T current. Barbiturates completely blocked T current: thiopental (EC50 = 153 microM, n =1.2) > pentobarbital (EC50 = 334 microM, n = 1.2) > methohexital (EC50 = 502 microM, n = 1.3) > phenobarbital (EC50 = 1. 7 mM, n = 1.2). Blockade by thiopental and pentobarbital did not show voltage or use dependence. General anesthetics blocked T current completely and reversibly: propofol (EC50 = 12.9 microM, n = 1.3) > octanol(EC50 = 122 microM, n = 1.2) > etomidate (EC50 = 205 microM, n =1.3) > isoflurane (EC50 = 303 microM, n = 2.3) > halothane (EC50 = 655 microM, n = 2.0) > ketamine (EC50 = 2.5 mM, n = 1.1). Mibefradil, a novel Ca2+ channel blocker, blocked dorsal root ganglion T current in a voltage- and use-dependent fashion with an EC50 of approximately 3 microM (n = 1.3). When compared with results on other T currents, these data indicate that significant differences exist among different T currents in terms of pharmacological sensitivities. Furthermore, differences in pharmacological sensitivity of T currents among peripheral neurons, CNS, and neuroendocrine cells may contribute to the spectrum of effects of particular analgesic, anticonvulsant, and anesthetic drugs.
A Design of 10-GHz Delta-Sigma Modulator using a 4-Level Differential Resonant-Tunneling Quantizer (2005)

An ultrahigh-speed continuous-time delta-sigma modulator using a 4-level resonant-tunneling quantizer has been investigated. The quantizer consists of four resonant-tunneling diodes (RTDs) and a source-coupled high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) pair, and operates in the fully-differential mode. Circuit simulation shows that the present first-order delta-sigma modulator has a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 49.4 dB at a sampling frequency of 10 GHz and an input bandwidth of 100 MHz. An improvement in the SNR by 5.6 dB is obtained by increasing the number of quantization level from two to four.