gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interaction of Environmental Moisture with Powdered Green Tea Formulations: Effect on Catechin Chemical Stability (2008)

Green tea and tea catechins must be stable in finished products to deliver health benefits; however, they may be adversely affected by tea processing/storage conditions and the presence of other components. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of storage relative humidity (RH) and addition of other ingredients on catechin stability in simulated dry beverage mixtures. Samples of green tea powder alone and mixed with sucrose, citric acid, and/or ascorbic acid were prepared and stored in desiccators at 22 degrees C and 0-85% RH for up to 3 months. Epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, and epigallocatechin gallate were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Formulation and the interaction of formulation and RH significantly promoted catechin degradation ( P < 0.0001). The chemical degradation of total and individual catechins in green tea powder formulations was significantly increased ( P < 0.0001) by exposure to increasing RH, and the degradation was exacerbated at > or = 58% RH by the presence of powdered citric acid and at > or = 75% RH by the presence of ascorbic acid. Catechins degraded the most in formulations containing both acids. Although catechin chemical stability was maintained at < or = 43% RH in all samples stored at 22 degrees C for 3 months, caking was observed in samples at these relative humidities. These results are the first to demonstrate that addition of other dry components to tea powders may affect catechin stability in finished dry blends and highlight the importance of considering the complex interplay between a multicomponent system and its environment for developing stable products.
Architecture and Design of an Open ATE to Incubate the Development of Third-Party Instruments (2005)

To test next-generation system-on-a-chip (SoC) ICs, an open architecture automatic test equipment (ATE) has been conceived. Open architecture provides a framework to integrate software and instruments of different vendors into the ATE. The specifications of this framework, known as OPENSTAR specifications, have been developed by the Semiconductor Test Consortium (STC). The deployment of third-party instruments and modules in this framework is plug-and-play to achieve the optimal test configuration for a given SoC. In this test system, each modular unit can be replaced with another modular unit from a different vendor, and the tester can be reconfigured to map the test resources according to the requirements of device-under-test (DUT). The only restriction in using the third party modules is that each modular unit must adhere to the standard interfaces of the integrating framework and should conform to the OPENSTAR specifications. Hardware modules can be any functional unit such as a digital pincard, an analog card, device power supply (DPS), instruments such as waveform generator, etc. Similarly, software modules can be a tool or utility such as a test executive tool, system monitoring or licensing tools, unit-level controllers, database, microsoft office utilities, application specific software for controlling equipment, etc. The basic structure of this test system, module structure, calibration/diagnostics and synchronization as well as system reconfigurability is described in this paper.
Interaction of Nerve Growth Factor with Surface Membranes: Biological Competence of Insolubilized Nerve Growth Factor (1973)

Nerve growth factor was insolubilized by covalent attachment to Sepharose beads. Nerve growth factor-Sepharose was biologically active in both the neurite outgrowth assay for nerve growth factor and in preserving responsive neurons in vitro. Modification of the bioassay to detect solubilized activity of nerve growth factor and histological examination of ganglia treated with nerve growth factor-Sepharose revealed that nerve growth factor-Sepharose prepared by reaction in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride released negligible amounts of solubilized nerve growth factor activity. These observations extend the previously noted correlations on the structure and function of nerve growth factor and insulin to include the primary action of these two proteins. Thus nerve growth factor, like insulin, appears to express its biological activity by first binding to a receptor on the surface membrane of responsive cells.
Effects of strain on boron diffusion in Si and Si1−<i>x</i>Ge<i>x</i> (1995)

Boron diffusion in in situ doped Si1−xGex and Si, subjected to inert-ambient furnace annealing at 800 °C, was investigated. For Si1−xGex, the effect of biaxial compressive and tensile strain on boron diffusion was studied using Si1−xGex layers with a constant Ge content (x≊0.10 and x≊0.20) grown epitaxially on various relaxed Si1−yGey (0≤y≤0.20) substrates. Boron diffusion is primarily a function of Ge content, x in the Si1−xGex layers, and does not show a strong dependence on macroscopic biaxial strain. For Si, the effect of biaxial tension was investigated using relaxed Si1−yGey layers as substrate templates for epitaxial Si layers. As in Si1−xGex, boron diffusion in Si does not depend strongly on biaxial strain.
Molecular Anatomy of an Intracranial Aneurysm (2001)

Although these are preliminary data, representing analysis of only one individual, we present a unique first insight into the molecular basis of aneurysmal disease and define numerous candidate markers for future biochemical, physiological, and genetic studies of intracranial aneurysm. Products of these genes will be the focus of future studies in wider sample sets.
Optical properties of mixed silver halide crystals and fibers (1993)

The dependence of the bulk (βb) and surface (βs) absorption coefficients of AgClxBr1−x crystals and of polycrystalline fibers at 10.6 μm on the composition (x) of the material were investigated. The bulk coefficient βb for AgBr was about 0.5×10−4 cm−1 and increased gradually with increasing molar concentration x of the Cl− ions up to 2.5×10−4 for pure AgCl crystals. Luminescence properties of these crystals as well as effects of thermal treatments on the absorption, luminescence, and conductivity were also investigated. A correlation was found between the effects of these treatments on the infrared (IR) absorption, the luminescence, and conductivity of the various samples. Experimental results indicate that the absorption of the silver halide crystals at 10.6 μm is mainly due to cation vacancies bound to dislocations. The absorption of the fibers was found to be greater than that of the crystals of the same composition. This is apparently due to defects induced by the heating under pressure, applied during the production of the fibers by extrusion, and the subsequent fast quenching to room temperature. A simple method for reduction of the IR absorption is proposed.
IMS at EmoInt-2017: Emotion Intensity Prediction with Affective Norms, Automatically Extended Resources and Deep Learning (2017)

Our submission to the WASSA-2017 shared task on the prediction of emotion intensity in tweets is a supervised learning method with extended lexicons of affective norms. We combine three main information sources in a random forrest regressor, namely (1), manually created resources, (2) automatically extended lexicons, and (3) the output of a neural network (CNN-LSTM) for sentence regression. All three feature sets perform similarly well in isolation ( .67 macro average Pearson correlation). The combination achieves .72 on the official test set (ranked 2nd out of 22 participants). Our analysis reveals that performance is increased by providing cross-emotional intensity predictions. The automatic extension of lexicon features benefit from domain specific embeddings. Complementary ratings for affective norms increase the impact of lexicon features. Our resources (ratings for 1.6 million twitter specific words) and our implementation is publicly available at
Lightweight Error Correction Coding for System-Level Interconnects (2007)

"Lightweight hierarchical error control coding (LHECC)" is a new class of nonlinear block codes that is designed to increase noise immunity and decrease error rate for high-performance chip-to-chip and on-chip interconnects. LHECC is designed such that its corresponding encoder and decoder logic may be tightly integrated into compact, high-speed, and low-latency I/O interfaces. LHECC operates over a new channel technology called multi-bit differential signaling (MBDS). MBDS channels utilize a physical-layer channel code called "N choose M (nCm)" encoding, where each channel is restricted to a symbol set such that half of the bits in each symbol are set to one. These symbol sets have properties that are utilized by LHECC to achieve error correction capability while requiring low or zero relative information overhead. In addition, these codes may be designed such that the latency and size of the corresponding decoders are tightly bounded. The effectiveness of these codes is demonstrated by modeling error behavior of MBDS interconnects over a range of transmission rates and noise characteristics
Isolation and Characterization of a “phiKMV-Like” Bacteriophage and Its Therapeutic Effect on Mink Hemorrhagic Pneumonia (2015)

The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of using phages as a therapy against hemorrhagic pneumonia in mink both in vitro and in vivo. Five Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) strains were isolated from lungs of mink with suspected hemorrhagic pneumonia and their identity was confirmed by morphological observation and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Compared to P. aeruginosa strains isolated from mink with hemorrhagic pneumonia in 2002, these isolates were more resistant to antibiotics selected. A lytic phage vB_PaeP_PPA-ABTNL (PPA-ABTNL) of the Podoviridae family was isolated from hospital sewage using a P. aeruginosa isolate as host, showing broad host range against P. aeruginosa. A one-step growth curve analysis of PPA-ABTNL revealed eclipse and latent periods of 20 and 35 min, respectively, with a burst size of about 110 PFU per infected cell. Phage PPA-ABTNL significantly reduced the growth of P. aeruginosa isolates in vitro. The genome of PPA-ABTNL was 43,227 bp (62.4% G+C) containing 54 open reading frames and lacked regions encoding known virulence factors, integration-related proteins and antibiotic resistance determinants. Genome architecture analysis showed that PPA-ABTNL belonged to the "phiKMV-like Viruses" group. A repeated dose inhalational toxicity study using PPA-ABTNL crude preparation was conducted in mice and no significantly abnormal histological changes, morbidity or mortality were observed. There was no indication of any potential risk associated with using PPA-ABTNL as a therapeutic agent. The results of a curative treatment experiment demonstrated that atomization by ultrasonic treatment could efficiently deliver phage to the lungs of mink and a dose of 10 multiplicity of infection was optimal for treating mink hemorrhagic pneumonia. Our work demonstrated the potential for phage to fight P. aeruginosa involved in mink lung infections when administered by means of ultrasonic nebulization.
Characterization of CDKN2A(p16) methylation and impact in colorectal cancer: systematic analysis using pyrosequencing (2012)

The non-negligible CDKN2A methylation of normal colorectal mucosa may confound the assessment of tumor-specific hypermethylation, suggesting that corresponding non-neoplastic tissue should be used as a control. CDKN2A methylation is robustly detected by pyrosequencing, even at low levels, suggesting that this unfavorable prognostic biomarker warrants investigation in prospective studies.
MEG recordings of DC fields using the signal space separation method (SSS). (2004)

Stationary SQUID sensors record time-varying magnetic fields only. Any DC sources, such as magnetic impurities on the scalp or physiological DC currents, are invisible in conventional MEG with stationary sources and sensors. However, movement of the subject relative to the measurement device transforms the DC fields into time-varying MEG signals, which are either signals of interest from biomagnetic sources, or movement artifacts when caused by magnetic residue on the head. These signals can be demodulated to DC by tracking the head movement and by using this recorded information to decompose the signals into a device-independent source model. To do this we have used the signal space separation method (SSS) along with a continuous head position monitoring system. From time variations of the recorded signal, a linear equation is obtained relating the averaged MEG signal variation, the DC-source in the head, and the varying external interference. In this way an unbiased estimate is obtained for the DC source as it is automatically separated from external interference. The method was tested by feeding DC current in an artificial current dipole on a phantom head and by continuously moving and rotating this phantom randomly with a motion amplitude of several centimeters. After the SSS based movement demodulation and reconstruction of the signal from inside of the helmet, the location of the DC current dipole in the phantom could be determined with an accuracy of 2 mm. It is concluded that the method enables localization of DC sources with MEG using voluntary head movements.
A Comprehensive Study in Thermal Dissipation Assessment of Hard Disk Drive Component (2006)

With the demand increases in data storage capacity and high-speed data transfer rate, the controller components of hard disk drive (HDD) need more power to serve the higher level of electrical function performance. Therefore, an optimal thermal design for HDD components to ensure HDD operating under safe temperature environment becomes very important for suppliers to successfully bring HDD product into market. In this study, a HDD component was attached onto a metal block that is a part of HDD body implemented to enhance thermal dissipation. Several thermal designs from component to HDD module will be addressed to achieve the chips running below industry specification of 125degC. Firstly, two different metal block designs were evaluated with experimental analyses. Next, different screw material that uses to fasten PCB board and HDD and different thermal pad thickness that between HDD component and metal block are evaluated. Finally, different test section, ambient temperature and power consumption effect was also evaluated. After experimental analyses finished, the simulation model with a commercial finite differential analysis (FDA) program, Flotherm, was conducted to find the best thermal solution for three different HDD component structures including plastic ball grid array (PBGA), BGA with exposed drop-in heat spreader and thin fine pitch BGA. The conclusion of this study indicates the thin fine pitch BGA package with high thermal conductivity molding compound was the optimal installation for greatest thermal benefit for HDD component.
[Synthetic suburethral sling in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women]. (2003)

Ease of use is an essential feature. Uretex Sup comprises ancillary instruments and a technique requiring multiple manipulations. Sparc tape cannot be easily dissociated from the ancillary instruments when a second passage is necessary. TVT and Uratape use resterilizable instruments, while the other products are totally disposable. FOLLOW-UP AND PUBLICATIONS: Only TVT has a sufficient follow-up and several hundred specific papers or publications. Only a few publications by a few different teams are currently available for the other products. In conclusion, the various published studies confirm the qualities and good tolerance of woven monofilament polypropylene. The other materials require a longer follow-up and more studies before they can be completely validated in terms of results and morbidity. The multiple surgical approaches and the various ancillary instruments available allow the technique to be adapted to each patient and each surgeon, regardless of his or her initial training and habits.
Characterization of longitudinal fin heat sink thermal performance and flow bypass effects through CFD methods (2002)

The thermal characteristics of straight-channel longitudinal fin heat sinks under forced air cooling is studied experimentally and numerically using computational fluid dynamics code. The aim of the study is to investigate the viability of employing commercially available CFD codes as effective and efficient means of gathering the vast amount of data required to adequately quantify heat sink characteristics in ducted flow. The parameters studied include the tip clearance and spanwise spacing across a range of approach flow rates and fin densities. These parameters were used to examine the influence of flow bypass phenomena on the thermal resistance and pressure drop across the heat sinks. Detailed results on the local and lump-parameter heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics are presented.
Partial discharge control in a power electronic module using high permittivity non-linear dielectrics (2010)

High electric fields at the edge of the substrate metallization can give rise to partial discharge within power electronic modules and can lead to eventual failure. This paper examines the use of silicone gels filled with barium titanate to reduce the electric field enhancement at the edge of substrate metallization and therefore increase partial discharge inception voltages. The barium titanate filled gel produces a dielectric in which the relative permittivity is increased over a plain gel and that also exhibits a dependence on electric field. The theoretical electric field reduction that can be achieved in a power electronic module through the use of filled gels is demonstrated and compared against experimental measurements including the trial of the technique in some commercial modules. As promising results are achieved, consideration is also given to the effect of the barium titanate filler on the viscosity of the gel and the thermal conductivity, two key manufacturing issues.
On the combination of molecular replacement and single-wavelength anomalous diffraction phasing for automated structure determination (2009)

A combination of molecular replacement and single-wavelength anomalous diffraction phasing has been incorporated into the automated structure-determination platform Auto-Rickshaw. The complete MRSAD procedure includes molecular replacement, model refinement, experimental phasing, phase improvement and automated model building. The improvement over the standard SAD or MR approaches is illustrated by ten test cases taken from the JCSG diffraction data-set database. Poor MR or SAD phases with phase errors larger than 70 degrees can be improved using the described procedure and a large fraction of the model can be determined in a purely automatic manner from X-ray data extending to better than 2.6 A resolution.
Stability of Linear Parameter Varying and Linear Switching Systems (2003)

Abstract We consider stability of families of linear time‐varying systems, that are determined by a set of time‐varying parameters which adhere to certain rules. The conditions are general enough to encompass on the one hand stability questions for systems that are frequently called linear parameter varying systems in the literature and on the other hand also linear switching systems, in which parameter variations are allowed to have discontinuities. Combinations of these two sets of assumptions are also possible within the framework studied here. Under the assumption of irreducibility of the sets of system matrices, we show how to construct parameter dependent Lyapunov functions for the systems under consideration that exactly characterize the exponential growth rate. It is clear that such Lyapunov functions do not exist in general. But every system of our class can be reduced to a finite number of subsystems for which irreducibility holds.
Short Term Synaptic Depression Imposes a Frequency Dependent Filter on Synaptic Information Transfer (2012)

Depletion of synaptic neurotransmitter vesicles induces a form of short term depression in synapses throughout the nervous system. This plasticity affects how synapses filter presynaptic spike trains. The filtering properties of short term depression are often studied using a deterministic synapse model that predicts the mean synaptic response to a presynaptic spike train, but ignores variability introduced by the probabilistic nature of vesicle release and stochasticity in synaptic recovery time. We show that this additional variability has important consequences for the synaptic filtering of presynaptic information. In particular, a synapse model with stochastic vesicle dynamics suppresses information encoded at lower frequencies more than information encoded at higher frequencies, while a model that ignores this stochasticity transfers information encoded at any frequency equally well. This distinction between the two models persists even when large numbers of synaptic contacts are considered. Our study provides strong evidence that the stochastic nature neurotransmitter vesicle dynamics must be considered when analyzing the information flow across a synapse.
Somatostatin analogues in the treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours, current aspects and new perspectives (2010)

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP NETs) are rare tumours that present many clinical features.They secrete peptides and neuroamines that cause distinct clinical syndromes, including carcinoid syndrome. However, many are clinically silent until late presentation with mass effects.In 2000 the WHO developed a new classification which gives a better description of the characteristics and biological behaviour of the tumour.Surgical resection is the treatment of first choice for a patient with a GEP NET. In metastatic disease multiple therapeutic approaches are possible. In these cases the goal is to improve quality of life and to extent survival.GEP NETs express somatostatin receptors (SSTRs), which are bound by somatostatin (SST) or its synthetic analogues, although the subtypes and number of SSTRs expressed is very variable.Somatostatin analogues are used frequently to control hormone-related symptoms while their anti-neoplastic activity, even if it has not been widely studied and the regarding data are discordant, seems to result prevalently in tumour stabilisation.A few patients who fail to respond or cease to respond to standard SST analogues treatment seem to have a response to higher doses of these drugs.The use of higher doses of somatostatin analogues or the development of new subtype selective agonists and chimaeric somatostatin analogues, or pan-somatostatin will probably improve the clinical management of these patients.This review provides an update on the use of somatostatin analogues in the management of GEP NETs and discusses novel clinical strategies based on SSTR 2 gene transfer therapy.