gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Omega-3 fatty acids and neuropsychiatric disorders (2005)

Epidemiological evidence suggests that dietary consumption of the long chain omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), commonly found in fish or fish oil, may modify the risk for certain neuropsychiatric disorders. As evidence, decreased blood levels of omega-3 fatty acids have been associated with several neuropsychiatric conditions, including Attention Deficit (Hyperactivity) Disorder, Alzheimer's Disease, Schizophrenia and Depression. Supplementation studies, using individual or combination omega-3 fatty acids, suggest the possibility for decreased symptoms associated with some of these conditions. Thus far, however, the benefits of supplementation, in terms of decreasing disease risk and/or aiding in symptom management, are not clear and more research is needed. The reasons for blood fatty acid alterations in these disorders are not known, nor are the potential mechanisms by which omega-3 fatty acids may function in normal neuronal activity and neuropsychiatric disease prevention and/or treatment. It is clear, however, that DHA is the predominant n-3 fatty acid found in the brain and that EPA plays an important role as an anti-inflammatory precursor. Both DHA and EPA can be linked with many aspects of neural function, including neurotransmission, membrane fluidity, ion channel and enzyme regulation and gene expression. This review summarizes the knowledge in terms of dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake and metabolism, as well as evidence pointing to potential mechanisms of omega-3 fatty acids in normal brain functioning, development of neuropsychiatric disorders and efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in terms of symptom management.
Improved Transformation Method for<i>Acetobacter</i>with Plasmid DNA (1985)

An improved method for transformation of derivative strains of A. aceti subsp. aceti No. 1023 with plasmid DNA has been developed. Addition of polyethylene glycol or dimethylsulfoxide increased the transformation efficiency by a factor of about ten. In the presence of PEG 4,000, various transformation conditions were examined. Cells were also made transformation competent by treatment with other divalent cations than Ca2+ . The pH of the buffer did not affect the efficiency significantly. The growth phase influenced the efficiency. Mutants showing high competence were derived by treatment with N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. By the improved method using the highly transformable mutants, a transformation efficiency of approximately 105 transformants per γg plasmid DNA was achieved.
Synthesis and Photocatalytic Properties of a Family of CdS‐PdX Hybrid Nanoparticles (2010)

A hybrid family: Hybrid nanoparticles containing the semiconductor CdS and the palladium compounds PdO or Pd4S were produced through two different synthetic mechanisms (see picture). The hybrids CdS-Pd4S and CdS-PdO undergo photoinduced charge separation, as demonstrated by their activity in the photoreduction of water.
Motion estimation algorithm for scalable hardware implementation (2009)

Motion estimation is an indispensable stage of motion pictures encoding used in all common video coding standards, such as MPEG-2 [3] or AVC [4]. At the same time it is the most complex operation both in software and hardware implementation of an encoder that makes the choice of the appropriate motion estimation algorithm crucial in terms of increasing the entire coding process efficiency. This should be taken into consideration especially in case of real time processing. In this paper, a novel scalable multilevel algorithm for motion estimation is proposed. It is a fast motion estimation algorithm, using the block-matching mechanism, provided the motion vectors accuracy equal ¼ of the sampling period. Proposed algorithm is modular and scalable. First feature enables structure scalability, second provides mechanism to control of clock cycles number spend for motion estimation process. As a result the global clock-rate required for real-time processing can be adjusted.
[Incidence and clinical aspects of intestinal coccidiosis in a tropical medicine practice]. (1981)

The microscopic investigation of 3 500 faecal samples with a method of concentration combining the ether treatment and flottation, has allowed to spot 5 cases (out of 700) of isosporosis (Isospora belli) among subjects coming all from the tropical area and showing an occasionally serious symptomatology which has been treated by tinidazole. Besides 2% samples were infested by Sarcocystis hominis. The subjects affected were also from tropical origin, but did not present clinical disorders directly to be attributed to this parasite. These observations permit to review the last bibliography and to make a parasitological and clinical review in the field of coccidiosis.
Notes on constructing a parallel computing platform (2001)

Parallel computing is an interesting and important topic that spans several different areas of the computer science curriculum, such as networking, architecture and programming. With the proliferation of open-source software and the availability of inexpensive computer components, it has now become feasible for small colleges and non-research institutions to create parallel computing platforms. In this article we describe the construction of a dedicated computing cluster and the educational benefits obtained by doing so.
Identification of common epitopes on gliadin, enterocytes, and calreticulin recognised by antigliadin antibodies of patients with coeliac disease (1999)

AGA of patients with coeliac disease react with similar structures on gliadin and potential autoantigens on enterocytes.
A Query Answering Surveillance System for Detecting and Tracking Moving Objects using Bounding Rectangles (2009)

AbstrAct: In many computer vision applications such as surveillance systems, detecting moving objects is the first step of information extraction. This paper introduces a query answering system that aims at responding to user queries without the need to scan the whole video tape. The proposed system is based on finding the minimum boundary rectangles (MBRs) of moving objects which appear in the video. It detects moving objects in the video frame set, keeps track of those objects, and saves information to answer future queries. Categories and Subject DescriptorsI.4 [Image Processing and Computer Vision]; I.2.10 [Vision and Scene Understanding]: Video analysis; H.5 [Information Interfaces and Presentation]; Video General Terms: Computer vision applications, Query answering systems Keywords: Surveillance system, MBR, Object tracking, Back-ground subtraction, RGB Difference.Received 8 May 2008; Revised and accepted 12 July 2008 1. Introduction Video parsing and retrieval techniques have been of much interest for researchers over the past two decades. Researches have shifted interest gradually from fixed image analysis based on object segmentation into video shot boundary detection, content based analysis, and object tracking. Initial research activities in the video analysis field focused on low-level features such as colors while many researches nowadays concentrate on high-level features (i.e. object features). Techniques that depend on low-level features tend to be simple and easy to implement.In a traditional surveillance system, video cameras record scenes for specific purposes. By the end of the recording process, video tapes may hold many useless scenes such as empty room. The desire to seek for a specific piece of information may require parsing the whole video tape. The task of interpreting these high-level videos is usually performed by human operators, who have to sequentially view large amounts of visual information presented to them through one or several monitors [1]. This approach is extremely time-consuming and may be frustrating. This paper presents a query answering solution for video-based surveillance systems in a controlled indoor environment. The proposed technique for object identification and classification depends on utilizing low-level features of the video frame set such as binary difference, and morphological functions. The intention is to detect objects using their enclosing minimum bounding rectangles (MBRs) and keep track of the movement of MBRs along the entire tape. The system consists of three crucial modules as shown in Figure 1. The system accepts a colored or gray level video tape along with a reference frame “background image” as an input, and splits the video into frames.Figure 1. Proposed Approach.The
Multistep Neural Networks for Data-driven Discovery of Nonlinear Dynamical Systems (2018)

The process of transforming observed data into predictive mathematical models of the physical world has always been paramount in science and engineering. Although data is currently being collected at an ever-increasing pace, devising meaningful models out of such observations in an automated fashion still remains an open problem. In this work, we put forth a machine learning approach for identifying nonlinear dynamical systems from data. Specifically, we blend classical tools from numerical analysis, namely the multi-step time-stepping schemes, with powerful nonlinear function approximators, namely deep neural networks, to distill the mechanisms that govern the evolution of a given data-set. We test the effectiveness of our approach for several benchmark problems involving the identification of complex, nonlinear and chaotic dynamics, and we demonstrate how this allows us to accurately learn the dynamics, forecast future states, and identify basins of attraction. In particular, we study the Lorenz system, the fluid flow behind a cylinder, the Hopf bifurcation, and the Glycoltic oscillator model as an example of complicated nonlinear dynamics typical of biological systems.
Auger electron and IR spectroscopic studies of SOI structure formed by oxygen and nitrogen implantation (1990)

The chemical composition and structure of silicon on insulator (SOI) formed by the combination of O+ (200 keV, 1.8*1018 cm-2) and N+ (180 keV, 4*1017 cm-2) implanted into silicon has been investigated by Auger electron, IR absorption and reflection spectroscopic measurements. After annealing at 1200 degrees C for 2 h, the in-depth composition profiles of the SOI structure show that the nitrogen segregates to the wings of the buried silicon oxide layer where it forms an oxynitride. The characteristic Auger spectrum for the buried oxide layer identified a chemical state of silicon whose major transition at 85 eV is different from that of bulk silicon or silicon in SiO2 and the ratio of the amplitude of the Si peak at 85 eV to the Si peak at 76 eV remains unchanged in the buried oxide layer. Infrared (IR) absorption and reflection spectra in the wavenumber range 800-5000 cm-1 were measured for the SOI structure. Interference fringes were observed in the IR spectra. By detailed theoretical analysis and computer simulation of the IR reflection interference spectra, refractive index profiles of SOI structure were obtained.
Etched mirror and groove-coupled GaInAsP/InP laser devices for integrated optics (1982)

Recent advances in wet and dry etching techniques for GaInAsP/InP laser structures allow the reproducible fabrication of planar and vertical walled facets and grooves. These elements provide efficient mirrors and interstage couplers that may provide the basis for a new generation of monolithic integrated optical devices. Initial experimental results on etched facet lasers and groove-coupled two-section lasers verify theoretical expectations.
Improved instrument for probing static potential profiles in semiconductor devices (1973)

Improvements to the positional accuracy of point-contact probes permit smaller features to be investigated in higher-doped semiconductors. An xy stage with an accuracy of within 0–5 μm has been developed for use with an etched-tungsten probe with a tip radius of about 0.5 μm. The probe is constrained to move in a vertical plane by a special cone-pivoted arm so that it can be raised and lowered repeatedly over a fixed point while the sample is moved underheath it. This arm is also counterbalanced so that the probe pressure can be finely controlled. The effectiveness of these measures has been assessed by probing a known (Schottky barrier) potential; an error of 15% over 5 μm is typical.
Mechanical Ventilation–Induced Intrathoracic Pressure Distribution and Heart-Lung Interactions* (2014)

Increased tidal volume and decreased chest wall compliance both increase the change in intrathoracic pressures and the value of the dynamic indices during mechanical ventilation. Additionally, the transmural pressure of the vena cava is decreased, whereas the transmural pressure of the right atrium is not changed.
Efficient Algorithms for MPEG Video Compression (2002)

Video compression is a topic of increasing importance in a world where multimedia technologies and massive data sets are threatening to overflow the capacity of even the most powerful of today's computers. Internet as well as business applications such as videoconferencing, video-on-demand, and digital cable television all use compression techniques, either to decrease the required bandwidth for an application or to send more data through a bottleneck in the system. Buffering is used at both ends of the transmission to make the communication less bursty. The interplay between compression and buffer control algorithms in order to address these performance problems and maintain high visual clarity has shown great results, and Efficient Algorithms for MPEG Video Compression is the first book dedicated to the subject. The authors, both experts in the field of compression technologies and algorithm design, present some of the most promising algorithms for converting raw data to a compressed form for efficient broadcast
A Case Study in Text Mining of Discussion Forum Posts: Classification with Bag of Words and Global Vectors (2018)

Abstract Despite the rapid growth of other types of social media, Internet discussion forums remain a highly popular communication channel and a useful source of text data for analyzing user interests and sentiments. Being suited to richer, deeper, and longer discussions than microblogging services, they particularly well reflect topics of long-term, persisting involvement and areas of specialized knowledge or experience. Discovering and characterizing such topics and areas by text mining algorithms is therefore an interesting and useful research direction. This work presents a case study in which selected classification algorithms are applied to posts from a Polish discussion forum devoted to psychoactive substances received from home-grown plants, such as hashish or marijuana. The utility of two different vector text representations is examined: the simple bag of words representation and the more refined embedded global vectors one. While the former is found to work well for the multinomial naive Bayes algorithm, the latter turns out more useful for other classification algorithms: logistic regression, SVMs, and random forests. The obtained results suggest that post-classification can be applied for measuring publication intensity of particular topics and, in the case of forums related to psychoactive substances, for monitoring the risk of drug-related crime.
OBSERVATION OF INTENSE SUPERRADIANT EMISSION IN THE HIGH-GAIN INFRARED TRANSITIONS OF HF AND DF MOLECULES (1971)

Intense stimulated emission (superradiance) is obtained in several high-gain transitions of HF and DF molecules. The narrowing of the linewidths of the high-gain transitions are observed in detail. Pulsed energy and peak powers are comparable with those obtainable in a similar transverse CO2 laser.
Newspapers on CD-ROM (1992)

Serials: The Journal for the Serials Community has been digitised and can be accessed in full on this website. All content is freely available on an open-access basis. Serials was published between 1988 and 2011. In 2012, the journal was retitled and is now published as Insights: the UKSG journal.
A Neural Network Based Artificial Vision System for Licence Plate Recognition (1997)

This paper presents a neural network based artificial vision system able to analyze the image of a car given by a camera, locate the registration plate and recognize the registration number of the car. The paper describes in detail various practical problems encountered in implementing this particular application and the solutions used to solve them. The main features of the system presented are: controlled stability-plasticity behavior, controlled reliability threshold, both off-line and on-line learning, self assessment of the output reliability and high reliability based on high level multiple feedback. The system has been designed using a modular approach. Sub-modules can be upgraded and/or substituted independently, thus making the system potentially suitable in a large variety of vision applications. The OCR engine was designed as an interchangeable plug-in module. This allows the user to choose an OCR engine which is suited to the particular application and to upgrade it easily in the future. At present, there are several versions of this OCR engine. One of them is based on a fully connected feedforward artificial neural network with sigmoidal activation functions. This network can be trained with various training algorithms such as error backpropagation. An alternative OCR engine is based on the constraint based decomposition (CBD) training architecture. The system has showed the following performances (on average) on real-world data: successful plate location and segmentation about 99%, successful character recognition about 98% and successful recognition of complete registration plates about 80%.
Evidence that peroxisomal acyl-CoA synthetase is located at the cytoplasmic side of the peroxisomal membrane (1982)

1. Subfractionation by isopycnic density-gradient centrifugation in self-generating Percoll gradients of peroxisome-rich fractions prepared by differential centrifugation confirmed the presence of acyl-CoA synthetase in peroxisomes. Peroxisomes did not contain nicotinamide or adenine nucleotides other than CoA. 2. The gradient fractions most enriched in peroxisomes were pooled and the peroxisomes sedimented by centrifugation, resulting in a 50-fold-purified peroxisomal preparation as revealed by marker enzyme analysis. 3. Palmitate oxidation by intact purified peroxisomes was CoA-dependent, whereas palmitoyl-CoA oxidation was not, demonstrating that the peroxisomal CoA was available for the thiolase reaction, located in the peroxisomal matrix, but not for acyl-CoA synthetase. This suggests that the latter enzyme is located at the cytoplasmic side of the peroxisomal membrane. 4. Additional evidence for this location of peroxisomal acyl-CoA synthetase was as follows. Mechanical disruption of purified peroxisomes resulted in the release of catalase from the broken organelles, but not of acyl-CoA synthetase, indicating that the enzyme was membrane-bound. Acyl-CoA synthetase was not latent, despite the fact that at least one of its substrates appears to have a limited membrane permeability, as evidenced by the presence of CoA in purified peroxisomes. Finally, Pronase, a proteinase that does not penetrate the peroxisomal membrane, almost completely inactivated the acyl-CoA synthetase of intact peroxisomes.
Vital circuits: on pumps, pipes, and the workings of circulatory systems (1992)

Plumbing Pumps and Pipes Getting there Pressure How blood moves Why move blood Pliant pipes Hearts, again Moving oxygen Moving heat Tiny vessels Control.
Removal of absorption and increase in resolution in a near-field lens via optical gain (2003)

A recent paper [J. B. Pendry, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 3966 (2000)] showed how to construct a superlens that focuses the near-field radiation and, hence, produce an image resolution unlimited by wavelength. The prescription requires lossless materials with a negative refractive index: finite loss cuts off the finer details of the image. In this paper we suggest a compensation for the losses by introducing optical gain media into the lens design. Calculations demonstrate a dramatic improvement in performance for a silver/gain composite medium at optical frequencies.
Correspondence between Surface Morphological Faults and Crystallographic Defects in 4H–SiC Homoepitaxial Film (2002)

Conventional transmission electron microscopy was applied to study the nature of crystallographic defects under some types of surface morphological faults formed on a 4H–SiC film homoepitaxially grown on a (0001) off-cut substrate. "Wavy pit" faults consist of arrays of small surface cavities and half-loops of perfect dislocations expanding towards the direction of their Burgers vector. "Carrot" and "comet" faults are accompanied by stacking faults. The geometry of crystallographic defects under surface faults is closely related to the off-cut direction of the substrate. Formation mechanisms of surface faults are discussed.
Base-promoted acetal formation employing aryl salicylates (2001)

New examples of base-promoted acetal formation in the reactions of aryl salicylate and salicylate-type esters 1 to 3 with aldehydes are reported.
Numerical analysis of mixing performance of mixing section in pin-barrel single-screw extruder (2011)

Abstract Using the finite elements method, numerical simulations of the flow field of a rubber melt in the mixing sections of a conventional full-flight single-screw extruder and a pin-barrel single-screw extruder were carried out. Particle tracking analysis was used to statistically analyze the mixing state of the rubber melt in the mixing section with pin and that without pin. The mixing performance of both types of mixing section was quantitatively evaluated. The results show that the pins partially disorganize the particle trajectories, change the particle moving directions, and enhance the mixing performance. The particle residence time is longer in the mixing section with pins than in the mixing section with no pin, leading to better mixing in the former. The distributive mixing of particles in both types of mixing section was statistically analyzed. The pins increase the efficiency of stretching and the time-averaged efficiency of stretching, and hence the mixing efficiency. However, further increase in the number of pins does not necessarily enhance the mixing performance.
The Protagoras: Judge ... Jury ... and Explication (1992)

The idea of a trial is a strong aspect of the structure of Socrates’s direct conversation with Protagoras in Plato’s Protagoras. Each character in the dialogue assumes a particular role within the trial, with Socrates not as accused but as questioner. This paper uses the trial concept as a means in which to get inside the Protagoras and pry open the differing aspects of its characters.
An 8-Gb/s/pin simultaneously bidirectional transceiver in 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS (2004)

This paper presents architecture, circuits, and test results for a single-ended, simultaneously bidirectional interface capable of a total throughput of 8 Gb/s per pin. The interface addresses noise reduction challenges by utilizing a pseudodifferential reference with noise immunity approaching that of a fully differential reference. The transmitter supports on-chip termination, predistortion, and low-skew near-end outgoing signal echo cancellation. The receiver's sense amplifier evaluates the average of two differential input signals without use of analog components and utilizes imbalanced charge injection to compensate for offset voltages. A test chip integrated in a 0.35-/spl mu/m digital CMOS technology uses the proposed techniques to implement an 8-bit wide single-ended voltage-mode simultaneous bidirectional interface and achieves a performance of 8 Gb/s per pin.