gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peptide-siRNA nanocomplexes targeting NF-κB subunit p65 suppress nascent experimental arthritis (2014)

The NF-κB signaling pathway is implicated in various inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA); therefore, inhibition of this pathway has the potential to ameliorate an array of inflammatory diseases. Given that NF-κB signaling is critical for many immune cell functions, systemic blockade of this pathway may lead to detrimental side effects. siRNAs coupled with a safe and effective delivery nanoplatform may afford the specificity lacking in systemic administration of small-molecule inhibitors. Here we demonstrated that a melittin-derived cationic amphipathic peptide combined with siRNA targeting the p65 subunit of NF-κB (p5RHH-p65) noncovalently self-assemble into stable nanocomplexes that home to the inflamed joints in a murine model of RA. Specifically, administration of p5RHH-p65 siRNA nanocomplexes abrogated inflammatory cytokine expression and cellular influx into the joints, protected against bone erosions, and preserved cartilage integrity. The p5RHH-p65 siRNA nanocomplexes potently suppressed early inflammatory arthritis without affecting p65 expression in off-target organs or eliciting a humoral response after serial injections. These data suggest that this self-assembling, largely nontoxic platform may have broad utility for the specific delivery of siRNA to target and limit inflammatory processes for the treatment of a variety of diseases.
Protein crystal growth in microgravity-temperature induced large scale crystallization of insulin. (1994)

One of the major stumbling blocks that prevents rapid structure determination using x-ray crystallography is macromolecular crystal growth. There are many examples where crystallization takes longer than structure determination. In some cases, it is impossible to grow useful crystals on earth. Recent experiments conducted in conjunction with NASA on various Space Shuttle missions have demonstrated that protein crystals often grow larger and display better internal molecular order than their earth-grown counterparts. This paper reports results from three Shuttle flights using the Protein Crystallization Facility (PCF). The PCF hardware produced large, high-quality insulin crystals by using a temperature change as the sole means to affect protein solubility and thus, crystallization. The facility consists of cylinders/containers with volumes of 500, 200, 100, and 50 ml. Data from the three Shuttle flights demonstrated that larger, higher resolution crystals (as evidenced by x-ray diffraction data) were obtained from the microgravity experiments when compared to earth-grown crystals.
Coexisting independent sodium-sensitive and sodium-insensitive mechanisms of genetic hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) (2001)

Some essential hypertensive patients and genetic hypertensive rat strains have less than the normal levels of Mg 2+ tightly bound to the plasma membranes of their erythrocytes and other cells, i.e., the magnesium binding defect (MgBD). This binding defect appears to cause increased passive permeability of the membrane to Na + and thereby its increased intracellular concentration, particularly if the Na + -extrusion enzyme systems of the cell are also defective. The Na + -Ca 2+ exchange system in the cell membrane exports Na + and imports Ca 2+ , increasing the tone of the smooth muscle cell and thus producing hypertension (HTn). This HTn is Na + -sensitive. Evidence supporting this postulate was obtained by determining the intraerythrocyte total concentrations of Na + , Ca 2+ , K + , and Mg 2+ in two strains of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR and SS/Jr rats, having the MgBD together with the other requisites of the Na + -sensitive pathway) and their respective controls (WKY and SR/Jr rats, in which this complete pathway is absent). The Na + and Ca 2+ concentrations in the hypertensive rats were increased, and that of K + was decreased. The concentrations of these cations were very similar in the two hypertensive strains. The level of membrane tightly bound Ca 2+ in SHR erythrocyte membranes was significantly higher than those in the other three rat strains, which were not statistically different from each other. These results support previously reported evidence of the existence of a novel HTn-generating mechanism in the SHR rat, in which the intracellular Ca 2+ concentration is increased as the result of the enhanced diffusion of this ion into the cell and the accompanying deficiency of the Ca 2+ extrusion enzyme systems. This pathway is therefore Na + -insensitive, i.e., Ca 2+ -sensitive.Key words: essential hypertension, Na + -sensitive hypertension, Na + -insensitive hypertension, Ca 2+ -sensitive hypertension.
Radioimmunoassay of Prostaglandins F<sub>α</sub>, E<sub>1</sub> and E<sub>2</sub> in Human Plasma (1975)

Antibodies against prostaglandins (PG)F2alpha, E1 and E2 were obtained inrabbits immunized with respectively PG F2alpha, PG E1 and PG E2 conjugated to bovine serum albumin by carbodiimide. A radioimmunoassay capable of measuring 7 pg of PG Falpha, 2 pg of PG E2 and 14 pg of PG E1 in human peripheral plasma is described. Plasma samples (pH 3, citric acid) are extracted with cyclohexane: ethyl acetate, 1:1 and then chromatographed on silicic acid columns to separate the prostaglandins into three fractions: fraction I, PG A, PG B and some unknown immunoreactive compounds; fraction II, PG E and fraction III, PG Falpha. The recovery is 80+ +/- 6.2. Mean plasma levels in adults of PG Falpha and PG E, expressed in pg/ml: -PG Falpha 12 +/- 2.8 (n- 25 men), 8 +/- 2.3 (n= 18 women, follicular phase), 7 +/- 1.4 (n= 18 women, luteal phase). -PG E1 40.5 +/- 7.6 (n= 13 men), 38 +/- 17.1 (n= 10 women). -PG E2 4.5 +/- 1 (n= 12 adult subjects). The major characteristics of the method described herein are the following: - a large volume of plasma has to be processed (10 ml or more for PG Falpha and PG E1, 5 ml or more ofr PG E2). - a chromatographic step is necessary to separate the different prostaglandins which makes it possible to circumvent probelms of immunological cross reactivity and interference with unknown immunoreactive compounds. - great care has been taken in collection of blood samples, especially to insure complete removal of blood cells namely platelets.
A 3 kilowatt cw Nd:YAG laser with fiberoptic multiplexing (1993)

We report the development of a 3kW cw Nd: YAG industrial laser with an electrical to optical efficiency of 5%. The laser is based on a symmetric periodic resonator with four pump chambers. Each pump chamber houses a single rod and is rated at 750W. The laser can be fiber delivered via 600 micron core fiber, and is offered with a multiplexer capable of switching the beam between up to four separate fibers. Materials processing performance on a variety of standard applications are discussed.
Infrared Heterodyne Solar Radiometry (1972)

An infrared heterodyne radiometer has sufficient sensitivity for application to high resolution spectrometric studies of the sun and the absorption of sunlight in the atmosphere. In the 10-microm region, the resolution can typically range from less than 6.7 x 10(-3)cm(-1) to 6.7 x 10(-2) cm(-1). The minimum detectable signal can approach 10(-24) W/Hz. The infrared heterodyne radiometer (IHR) can also be used for atmospheric propagation studies at the emission frequencies of the CO(2) laser for the examination of the feasibility of space-to-ground laser communication links.
Identification and mapping of dimerization and DNA-binding domains in the C terminus of the IE2 regulatory protein of human cytomegalovirus (1993)

The 80-kDa IE2 nuclear phosphoprotein encoded by the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) major immediate-early (MIE) gene behaves both as a nonspecific transactivator of heterologous reporter genes and as a specific repressor of its own promoter-enhancer region. To begin to examine the biochemical properties of the IE2 protein, we prepared panels of N-terminal and C-terminal truncation mutants by in vitro translation procedures. In cross-linking experiments, the C-terminal half of IE2 (which is sufficient for down-regulation) formed dimers but N-terminal segments did not do so. Cotranslated Oct2/IE2 fusion proteins containing the same IE2 C-terminal region from codons 266 to 579 also formed mixed-subunit DNA-bound oligomeric complexes in gel mobility shift assays. Furthermore, an IE2 domain bounded by codons 388 to 542 proved to immunoprecipitate as heterodimers with cotranslated subunits containing known epitopes for specific antibodies. Deletion up to codon 428 or truncation back to codon 504 prevented this interaction. In direct gel shift DNA-binding assays, a bacterial GST/IE2(346-579) fusion protein bound to a 30-mer oligonucleotide probe encompassing the major immediate-early gene negative cis-regulatory target DNA sequence but failed to bind to a single-base-pair insertion mutant probe (delta CRS). This specific DNA-binding activity was abolished by further deletion up to codon 388 on the N-terminal side or by truncation at codon 542 on the C-terminal side. Therefore, the minimal DNA-binding domain requires additional amino acid motifs on both sides of the dimerization domain. This segment of IE2 is functionally important for both transactivation and down-regulation and contains several highly conserved amino acid motifs that are shared amongst the equivalent HCMV, simian CMV, mouse CMV, rat CMV, and human herpesvirus 6 proteins from other betaherpesviruses.
Narrow-linewidth vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers for oxygen detection (2000)

The use of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL's) for optical detection of atmospheric oxygen is described. The VCSEL's were custom designed for single-mode emission in the 763-nm wavelength range, with low noise and narrow optical linewidth. Using standard wavelength modulation spectroscopy and a second-harmonic detection scheme with a 1-m air path, we determined an oxygen concentration resolution of 0.2%. Because of its small size, low power dissipation, and good tunability characteristics, the VCSEL promises to be an attractive light source for use in compact, low-cost optical sensor microsystems for trace gas detection.
An associative processor for logic programming languages (2002)

Proposes an associative processor architecture for logic programming languages, and specifically examines such architecture for a sequential language, Prolog, and a parallel language, Guarded Horn Clauses (GHC). The architecture is derived from an execution model of these logic programming languages. The associative processor has a hierarchical structure, and can efficiently achieve associative operations and other sequential operations including these logic programming language executions by exploiting a hierarchical parallelism. A prototype of the associative processor has been developed using dedicated 4-kbit Content Addressable Memory (CAM) LSIs. Prolog hardware algorithms have been implemented on the prototype and the performance has been evaluated. At a machine cycle time of 200 ns, the associative processor attains a performance of 108 KLIPS (kilo logical inferences per second) in the interpretive mode. GHC hardware algorithms have also been studied on the associative processor and the preliminary performance has been estimated. The performance of GHC is on the same level as that of Prolog.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Accelerating memory decryption and authentication with frequent value prediction (2007)

This paper presents a novel architectural technique to hide fetch latency overhead of hardware encrypted and authenticated memory. A number of recent secure processor designs have used memory block encryption and authentication to protect un-trusted external memory. However, the latency overhead of certain encryption modes or authentication schemes can be intolerably high. This paper proposes novel techniques called frequent value ciphertext speculation and frequent value MAC speculation that synergistically combine value prediction and the inherently pipelined cryptography hardware to address the issue of latency for memory decryption and authentication. Without sacrificing security, frequent value ciphertext speculation can speed up memory decryption or MAC integrity verification by speculatively encrypting predictable memory values and comparing the result ciphertext with the fetched ciphertext. In MAC speculation, a secure processor pre-computes MAC for speculated frequent values and compares the MAC result with the fetched MAC from memory. Using SPEC2000 benchmark suite and detailed architecture simulator, our results show that ciphertext speculation and MAC speculation can significantly improve performance for direct memory encryption modes based on only 8 most frequent 64-bit values. For eight benchmark programs, the speedup is over 10\% and some benchmark programs achieve more than 20% speedup. For counter mode encrypted memory, MAC speculation can also significantly reduce the authentication overhead.
Limits of Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Suppression in Optical Fibers With Transverse Acoustic Waveguide Designs (2010)

A major approach investigated recently for stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) suppression in fiber amplifiers for high power single frequency fiber lasers is to explore designs of acoustic waveguide in optical fibers. This acoustic waveguide can be implemented to some extent independent of the optical waveguide by using a combination of dopants which modify the host glass by varying levels in acoustic and optical properties. Although this approach provides some SBS suppressions, the new analysis described in this work, considering the often omitted leaky acoustic modes, demonstrates its limit. A complex acoustic mode solver, reported in details elsewhere, was recently developed to find solutions for simultaneous longitudinal and shear acoustic wave equations which satisfy rigorous boundary conditions in an arbitrary circular acoustic waveguide. By taking advantage of this new tool, it is possible to find the leaky acoustic modes for acoustic waveguides designed for SBS suppressions. In these acoustic waveguides, the guided acoustic modes often have a reduced overlap with the optical modes by design and, sometimes, do not exist at all, while the leaky acoustic mode can have a significant stronger overlap with the optical modes and, consequently, can play a dominant role in the SBS gain spectrum. It is, therefore, critical to consider the leaky acoustic modes in these cases. Two prominent transverse acoustic waveguide designs proposed recently for SBS suppression in optical fibers are studied here. This work reports, for the first time, the limits of these designs for SBS suppression. With consideration of the leakage acoustic modes, some new insights are provided on the underlying physics as well as on how to optimize these designs for optimal SBS suppression.
Interferon Prophylaxis Against Simian Varicella in Erythrocebus patas Monkeys (1983)

Erythrocebus patas monkeys were given placebo or human leukocyte interferon (5 x 10(5) units/kg of body weight per day im) for five days during an epizootic of simian varicella. During the 14 days beginning with the first day of treatment, the attack rate for simian varicella was 14.3% (two of 14) among interferon recipients compared to 70% (nine of 13) among placebo recipients (P less than 0.025). Excluding animals with antibody to simian varicella when the study began, 18% (two) of 11 interferon recipients had symptoms of infection compared to 80% (nine) of 11 placebo recipients (P less than 0.025). The epizootic began in a room housing male animals. The incidence of infection in male placebo recipients was 100% (seven of seven) compared to 14% (one of seven) in male interferon recipients (P less than 0.01). The efficacy of interferon prophylaxis in the simian varicella model supports its continued evaluation for the management of human varicella in high-risk patients.
Mesenchymal stem cells: emphasis in adipose tissue (2013)

The study of stem cells has evolved rapidly in recent decades. The importance is given to the concept that these cells are potentially able to become any cell type and have the power of self-renewal throughout the life of the organism. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from various organs of the body such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, synovium, muscle and dermis, deciduous teeth, umbilical cord, placenta, liver, spleen and thymus. After their isolation in vitro, mesenchymal stem cells have the capacity to differentiate into various mesenchymal lineages and various tissues after the use of appropriate cultures. Studies have reported that mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue have the potential to differentiate themselves, like the cells commonly studied bone marrow. Adipose tissue is attractive due to its easy access, rapid expansion in vitro and only one collects the large amount of tissue. This review intends to show the protocols for isolation, cell culture and means of commercial cellular differentiation most widely used with emphasis on adipose tissue.
Expiring Data in a Warehouse (1998)

Data warehouses collect data into materialized views for analysis. After some time, some of the data may no longer be needed or may not be of interest. In this paper, we handle this by expiring or removing unneeded materialized view tuples. A framework supporting such expiration is presented. Within it, a user or administrator can declaratively request expirations and can specify what type of modi#cations are expected from external sources. The latter can signi#cantly increase the amountof data that can be expired. We present e#- cient algorithms for determining what data can be expired #data not needed for maintenance of other views#, taking into account the types of updates that may occur. 1 Introduction Materialized views are often used to store warehouse data. The amount of data copied into these views maybevery large; for instance, #JMS95# cites a major telecommunications company that collects 75GB of detailed call data every day or 27TB a year. Even with cheap d...
Research for Influence of Physical Education Multimedia Teaching on Sports Motivation of Students (2012)

Applying advanced multimedia technology into physical education teaching to fulfill organic combination between multimedia technology and physical education teaching can not only in line with the characteristics of physical education teaching but also adapt to objective requirements for students’ development in an all-around way in the new age, which is of vital importance for cultivating students’ good interests and motivation in sports. Aiming at the current status of application of multimedia technology in physical education teaching, this article takes the influence of physical education multimedia teaching on students’ sports motivation as an entry point, and collects the opinions of students in schools towards multimedia teaching by means of questionnaire survey and information searching to explore the influence of physical education multimedia teaching on students’ sports motivation which is based on traditional teaching methods. At last, the relevant issues are summarized for application of multimedia teaching methods.
Development, Characterization, and Functional Activity of a Panel of Specific Monoclonal Antibodies to Inner Core Lipopolysaccharide Epitopes in<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> (2003)

A panel of six murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) recognizing inner core lipopolysaccharide (LPS) epitopes of Neisseria meningitidis was prepared and characterized in order to determine the diversity of inner core LPS glycoforms among disease and carrier isolates. Two of these MAbs, L2-16 (immunoglobulin G2b [IgG2b]) and LPT3-1 (IgG2a), together with a third, previously described MAb, L3B5 (IgG3), showed reactivity, either individually or in combination, with all except 3 of 143 disease and carriage isolates (125 of 126 strains from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or skin biopsy samples and 15 of 17 from nasopharyngeal cultures). MAbs L3B5, L2-16, and LPT3-1 were further characterized in an indirect immunofluorescence assay. All three MAbs bound to the bacterial cell surface, findings that correlated strongly with whole-cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunodot blots. However, in contrast to our findings with L3B5, cell surface binding of L2-16 or LPT 3-1 did not correlate with functional activity as determined by bactericidal or infant rat passive protection assays against wild-type N. meningitidis strains. These findings are provocative with respect to the requirements for protective activity of antibodies and the development of inner core LPS vaccines against invasive meningococcal disease.
Broadband dynamic phase matching of high-order harmonic generation by a high-peak-power soliton pump field in a gas-filled hollow photonic-crystal fiber (2008)

Hollow-core photonic-crystal fibers are shown to enable dynamically phase-matched high-order harmonic generation by a gigawatt soliton pump field. With a careful design of the waveguide structure and an appropriate choice of input-pulse and gas parameters, a remarkably broadband phase matching can be achieved for a soliton pump field and a large group of optical harmonics in the soft-x-ray-extreme-ultraviolet spectral range.
5‐HT5A receptor localization in the rat spinal cord suggests a role in nociception and control of pelvic floor musculature (2004)

The 5-HT5A receptor is a seven-transmembrane receptor negatively coupled to adenylate cyclase, whose activation opens K+ channels. The 5-HT5A receptor may thus exert an inhibitory effect on neuronal activity. However, the function of this receptor is still largely unknown, in particular at the spinal level, and this is partly due to lack of specific ligands. Immunocytochemistry using specific anti-5-HT5A antibodies reveals a particularly dense labeling in the two superficial layers of the dorsal horn, suggesting that the 5-HT5A receptor may be involved in the spinal modulation of pain. In addition, a very intense staining in the lumbar dorsolateral nucleus (Onuf nucleus) in both males and females suggests that the 5-HT5A receptor is also involved in micturition through the control of urethral sphincter muscles. Colchicine pretreatment allows the staining of numerous cell bodies in lamina II. Fewer labeled cell bodies are seen in laminae I and III-VI, in the lateral spinal nucleus, and in lamina X. Electron microscope examination of 5-HT5A receptor immunoreactivity in spinal cords from untreated animals confirmed the postsynaptic labeling in all regions studied (dorsal horn, dorsolateral nucleus, and lamina X). The morphological heterogeneity of labeled dorsal horn cell bodies suggests that they belong to functionally distinct neurons (projection neurons and interneurons). In the lumbar dorsolateral nucleus, the labeling is preferentially localized on dendrites, suggesting that in this nucleus 5-HT preferentially acts at the dendritic level. Finally, the dense labeling of postsynaptic specializations suggests that the receptor may be in stock before being addressed to the synaptic differentiation.