gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure and photoluminescent features of di-amide cross-linked alkylene–siloxane hybrids (2005)

Novel amide cross-linked alkylene–siloxane hybrid materials (di-amidosils) synthesized by the sol–gel process have been investigated. Two samples identified by the notation d-A(x) with x = 4 and 8 (where x is the number of methylene groups of the alkylene chain) have been produced as transparent, amorphous, rigid monoliths. The d-A(8) material is thermally stable up to approximately 245 °C. In this hybrid the siliceous framework is mainly composed of [–(CH2)Si(OSi)3)] and [–(CH2)Si(OSi)2(OH)] substructures. Structural unit distances of 4.1 and 4.2 Å and average interparticle distances of 12 and 17 Å have been determined for d-A(4) and d-A(8), respectively. In these compounds the alkylene chains are disordered and adopt gauche conformations. While a negligible proportion of the amide linkages remain non-bonded, the great majority of these groups belong to highly disordered strong hydrogen-bonded amide–amide associations. The hybrids introduced are room temperature white light emitters, presenting an intense, broad emission band in the blue/purplish-blue spectral region. The origin of such a band has been ascribed to the convolution of donor–acceptor pair (D–A) recombinations that occur in the NH groups of the amide linkages and in the siliceous nanodomains. The maximum quantum yield value of the d-A(8) di-amidosil is 5.4%.
The Evaluation of Oil Saturation Through Casing Using Carbon/Oxygen Logs (1988)

ABSTRACT Carbon/oxygen logging is used to determine oil saturation in cased holes without knowing formation water salinity. When the carbon/oxygen tool is used alone, in non-extreme conditions, the accuracy of the interpreted So is calculated to be ±23 saturation units at 20% porosity. The uncertainty increases rapidly as porosity decreases. Field examples illustrate its potential value and practical problems created by the measurement statistics, borehole fluid changes and remaining mud filtrate.
Analysis and Optimization of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Swarms in Logistics: An Intelligent Delivery Platform (2019)

Deploying unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarms in delivery systems are still in its infancy with regard to the technology, safety, and aviation rules and regulations. Optimal use of UAVs in dynamic environments is important in many aspects, e.g., increasing efficacy and reducing the air traffic, resulting in a safer environment, and it requires new techniques and robust approaches based on the capabilities of UAVs and constraints. This paper analyzes several delivery schemes within a platform, such as delivery with and without using air highways and delivery using a hybrid scheme along with several delivery methods (i.e., optimal, premium, and first-in first-out) to explore the use of UAV swarms as part of the logistics operations. In this platform, a dimension reduction technique, “dynamic multiple assignments in multi-dimensional space,” and several other new techniques along with Hungarian and cross-entropy Monte Carlo techniques are forged together to assign tasks and plan 3D routes dynamically. This particular approach is performed in such a way that UAV swarms in several warehouses are deployed optimally given the delivery scheme, method, and constraints. Several scenarios are tested on the simulator using small and big data sets. The results show that the distribution and the characteristics of data sets and constraints affect the decision on choosing the optimal delivery scheme and the method. The findings are expected to guide the aviation authorities in their decisions before dictating rules and regulations regarding effective, efficient, and safe use of UAVs. Furthermore, the companies that produce UAVs are going to take the demonstrated results into account for their functional design of UAVs along with other companies that aim to deliver their products using UAVs. Additionally, private industries, logistics operators, and municipalities are expected to benefit from the potential adoption of the simulator in strategic decisions before embarking on the practical implementation of UAV delivery systems.
Isolation, separation and characterisation of the fullerenes C60 and C70: the third form of carbon (1990)

Pure samples of the species C60(Buckminsterfullerene) and C70(fullerene-70) have been prepared, and their structures characterised by their mass and 13C NMR spectra; the results indicate the existence of a family of stable fullerenes, thus confirming that carbon possesses a third form in addition to diamond and graphite.
Immunosuppression in Viral Infections (1986)

Viruses may cause immunosuppression by a variety of mechanisms. This review delineates four categories. First, immunosuppression can result from the direct effects of viral replication on lymphocyte functions. Either all classes of lymphocytes can be affected, as occurs in measles, or the effect can be restricted to a cell subtype, as is the case with human T cell-lymphotropic virus type III. Second, the activity of soluble factors of viral or host origin released from infected cells can affect immunosuppression. A third mechanism results from viral infection of macrophages and affects the function of these cells in natural and acquired immunity. Finally, immunosuppression may result from viral triggering of an imbalance in immune regulation, which culminates in the overactivity of suppressor cells. A detailed knowledge of the mechanisms by which viruses are involved in immunosuppression may help in the design of strategies to reverse the effect.
Treatment of six patients with chronic active HCV hepatitis, with low dose natural human interferon alpha administered orally. (1993)

Following the widely accepted therapeutic standard of treatment of HCV infection with parenteral interferon alpha, and encouraged by the author's won good experience with orally administered natural human interferon alpha in low doses (leuHuIFN alpha (ldou)), applied to chronic active HBV hepatitis patients, this form of interferon was given to six randomly selected HCV infected patients (2 women, 4 men) aged 34-62 years. The diagnosis was made based on a clinical and histological evaluation and confirmed by anti-HCV antibodies detection. In 2 out of 6 patients, leuHuIFN alpha (ldou) was employed immediately after steroid discontinuation. Patients were instructed to take one lozenge daily, in the morning, on an empty stomach, and keep it in the mouth until fully dissolved. Observation period varies from 19 to 69 weeks. In 3 patients the therapy concluded, after 19, 61 and 62 weeks, respectively. One patient after 4 weeks of treatment reported increasingly troublesome small joints pain and swelling, which forced leuHuIFN alpha (ldou) discontinuation after 19 weeks. In no patient transaminases normalization was seen during treatment; biochemical and clinical remission after the drug discontinuation was observed in only one patient, in whom the treatment was interrupted due to articular adverse symptoms. With HCV RNA levels assessment being unavailable at the moment, the treatment impact on the virus replication remains difficult to evaluate objectively. The treatment was well tolerated. All patients stressed significant increase of drive and appetite as well as improvement of the exercise tolerance.
Hitting the vault board: Implications for vaulting take‐off ‐ a preliminary investigation (2006)

Gymnastics vaulting relies on a specialized take-off board for propulsion during the take-off phase of the vault. There is little information on the vault board and its behaviour. The aim of this study was to characterize the behaviour of the vault board during handspring drill take-offs of young male gymnasts (n = 36). The side of the top surface of the vault board and the wooden base were marked with three reflective markers, placed at the end of the vault board nearest the vault table and the centres of the two rearmost coil springs. The vault board surface was divided into two areas, rear and middle, based on marker location. The gymnasts' groups were determined from the location of the gymnast's lateral malleolus at vault board contact. Landings with the malleolus directly above or behind the rearmost marker were considered rear landings; landings with the malleolus forward of the rearmost marker were considered middle landings. Marker movements were automatically digitized and the right malleolus was hand digitized at 120 Hz. The maximum vertical displacement, vertical deflection time, and vertical velocity at take-off of the vault board markers did not differ statistically between board contact groups (all p > 0.05). The lateral malleolus velocity components also did not differ between board contact groups. Some low to moderately strong correlations were observed between the various marker displacements, durations and take-off velocities. Modest correlations were obtained between board markers and right malleolus velocities. The results indicate that foot contact on the vault board, as defined here, did not result in differences in board marker behaviour or right lateral malleolus velocities. This information does not support the idea that vault board contacts at the rear of the vault board are worse than contacts near the middle of the vault board. More research is needed to ascertain the role of the vault board's vibration characteristics to whole body actions that are observed in the subsequent preflight phase.
The Middle East (2014)

The Fin-De-Siècle was a time of mixing, effervescence, experimentation, violent uprisings and bloodless coups in the Middle East. This chapter examines what a metropolitan paradigm of high modernity can offer towards understanding a semi-colonized region of the world that has endured much more than enjoyed the cultural products of the Fin-De-Siècle. Friedrich Nietzsche sought inspiration outside the Western philosophical canon in a vain attempt to transcend the good and evil dichotomy in European civilizational thought. Nietzsche's Islamophilia drew on a few Wahhabi texts and a misreading of Islam as a medieval and manly religion void of any spirituality whose approach merely inverted the negative stereotypes of the Orientalism into positive ones. The critical interventions of Jamal al-Din al-Afghani had bequeathed two Fin-De-Siècle movements of regeneration that confidently sought remedies for the apparent decline of Islam: pan-Islamism and Islamic modernism, or Muslim reformism. Max Nordau's Degeneration was emblematic of racist responses to cultural pessimism in Europe.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Nonsymmetrically Functionalized Bipyridines, Poly(bipyridines) and Terpyridines (2003)

Abstract Palladium‐catalyzed coupling reactions were employed to prepare nonsymmetric, densely functionalized bipyridines and oligo(bipyridines), featuring sensitive functionalities like alcohol, ester and aldehyde groups. Stille coupling between halo(poly)pyridine and the proper (poly)pyridyltin derivative afforded in good yields nonsymmetric, derivatized oligo(bipyridines), amenable to further synthetic modifications. The methodology was used also to synthesize highly functionalized terpyridines. A series of Suzuki and Stille palladium‐promoted coupling reactions allowed us to obtain in good yields terpyridines bearing two different and differently functionalizable groups, valuable building blocks for the construction of complex supramolecular frameworks. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Study on the dual frequency capacitively coupled plasmas by the particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo method (2003)

The dynamic structure of dual frequency (2/60 MHz) capacitively coupled plasmas (CCPs) in Ar (25 mtorr) are examined using the self-consistent particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo (PIC/MC) simulation. At first, the dependence of the discharge structure on wafer biasing conditions were investigated using one-dimensional computation. The results show that the plasma potential oscillates with the high frequency superposed on the low frequency. The amplitude of the high-frequency oscillation is modulated by the instantaneous potential of the low frequency biasing electrode. Furthermore, the axisymmetrical two-dimensional PIC/MC simulation is performed to investigate the influence of a geometric configuration of the reactor on the plasma structure.
Breast Tumor Localization Using Sestamibi (2002)

Using a lead marker allows placement of localization wires to guide surgical breast biopsy in patients whose lesions are visible by scintigraphy but not via mammography or palpation.
Processing of low polyphenol protein isolates from residues of sunflower seed oil production (2011)

Conventional alkaline extraction from sunflower oil cakes leads to dark colored protein isolates caused by oxidation of inherent phenolic compounds.Therefore, the extraction at acidic conditions was investigated with the aim of the simultaneous isolation of sunflower proteins and phenolic compounds by subsequent adsorption from the protein extracts. NaCl concentrations of up to 2 mol/L favored both the protein extraction at pH 6 and the subsequent precipitation while facilitating the adsorptive removal of co-extracted phenolic acids. Overall, light-colored protein isolates with good functional properties were obtained suitable for a broad range of food applications.
Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor: A New Chapter in Neuroendocrinology (1986)

The isolation and characterization of growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) has initiated a new and exciting era in our understanding of the neuroendocrine regulation of pituitary growth hormone (GH) secretion. This report briefly describes the isolation and characterization of GRF, factors which modulate the GH response to GRF and the effects of chronic administration and deprivation of GRF on somatic growth. The intent of this report is to serve as a general introduction on biochemical and physiological aspects of GRF. The following reports from this symposium will then cover many of these topics in much greater detail.
CovS Simultaneously Activates and Inhibits the CovR-Mediated Repression of Distinct Subsets of Group A <i>Streptococcus</i> Virulence Factor-Encoding Genes (2009)

To colonize and cause disease at distinct anatomical sites, bacterial pathogens must tailor gene expression in a microenvironment-specific manner. The molecular mechanisms that control the ability of the human bacterial pathogen group A Streptococcus (GAS) to transition between infection sites have yet to be fully elucidated. A key regulator of GAS virulence gene expression is the CovR-CovS two-component regulatory system (also known as CsrR-CsrS). covR and covS mutant strains arise spontaneously during invasive infections and, in in vivo models of infection, rapidly become dominant. Here, we compared wild-type GAS with covR, covS, and covRS isogenic mutant strains to investigate the heterogeneity in the types of natural mutations that occur in covR and covS and the phenotypic consequences of covR or covS mutation. We found that the response regulator CovR retains some regulatory function in the absence of CovS and that CovS modulates CovR to significantly enhance repression of one group of genes (e.g., the speA, hasA, and ska genes) while it reduces repression of a second group of genes (e.g., the speB, grab, and spd3 genes). We also found that different in vivo-induced covR mutations can lead to strikingly different transcriptomes. While covS mutant strains show increased virulence in several invasive models of infection, we determined that these mutants are significantly outcompeted by wild-type GAS during growth in human saliva, an ex vivo model of upper respiratory tract infection. We propose that CovS-mediated regulation of CovR activity plays an important role in the ability of GAS to cycle between pharyngeal and invasive infections.
A New network multiplier using modified high order encoder and optimized hybrid adder in CMOS technology (2013)

In this paper, a new low power, high speed network multiplier is presented. For increasing performance of multiplier, a novel modified high-order encoder is proposed. Previous encoder s have complicated hardware and their ability to decrease number of input operands is low. Presented encoder uses high-order algorithm and therefore reduces number of partial products efficiently. A new hybrid adder is presented which uses ideas of carry lookahead adder and ripple carry adder to modify final adder architecture. Previous carry lookahead adders have large carry network and their ability to decrease noise margin is low. It uses a DCVS carry network, which provides high speed and less wiring problems in compare with previous algorithms. Proposed hybrid adder has major effect on multiplier efficiency. A new network array is presented which uses high performance modules. Using a new algorithm, this study reduces critical path of tree multiplier. A novel counter is implemented which uses less transistor count and less power consumption in compare with previous algorithms. This counter uses pass transistor technology. Transistor connections, in mentioned counter are implemented in a new efficient way. The new multiplier has better efficiency in different electronic and algorithmic parameters in compare with previous implementations.
A Six-degrees of Freedom Fine Motion Mechanism (3rd Report) (1993)

The purpose of the study is to establish the six-degrees of freedom(dof) fine motion mechanism which has the following c-characteristics: (1)each of the six one-dof motions has the same control characteristics as the theist (2)each one-dof motion does not interfere with the others. In the previous study, the mechanism was theoretically designed so that the open-loop characteristics of the six one-dof motions were the same, and so that there were no static and dynamic interferences between the motions . Then an experimental mechanism was made and the six one-dof motions were controlled. In the present study, it is shown that because the six one-dof motions have the same characteristics, the mechanism can make special dynamic motions which other fine motion mechanism cannot make easily. When an extra mass is loaded on the object, dynamic characteristics of the mechanism change from designed ones and the dynamic interference between the one-dof motions occurs. A method to transform the dynamic characteristics into the designed ones and to eliminate the interference is discussed.
Smad3 and Smad4 Mediate Transcriptional Activation of the Human Smad7 Promoter by Transforming Growth Factor β (2000)

Smad7 is an inducible intracellular inhibitor of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling that is regulated by diverse stimuli including members of the TGF-beta superfamily. To define the molecular mechanisms of negative control of TGF-beta signaling, we have isolated the human SMAD7 gene and characterized its promoter region. A -303 to +672 SMAD7 region contained a palindromic GTCTAGAC Smad binding element (SBE) between nucleotides -179 and -172 that was necessary for the induction of a Smad7 promoter luciferase reporter gene by TGF-beta. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays using oligonucleotide probes demonstrated that TGF-beta rapidly induced the binding of an endogenous SBE-binding complex (SBC) containing Smad2, Smad3, and Smad4. Transfection assays in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), with targeted deletions of either Smad2 or Smad3, and the Smad4-deficient cell line MD-MBA-468 revealed that both Smad3 and Smad4, but not Smad2, were absolutely required for induction of the Smad7 promoter reporter gene by TGF-beta. Furthermore, the TGF-beta-inducible SBE-binding complex was diminished in Smad2-deficient MEFs when compared with wild type MEFs and not detectable in Smad3-deficient MEFs and MD-MBA-468 cells. Taken together, our data demonstrate that TGF-beta induces transcription of the human SMAD7 gene through activation of Smad3 and Smad4 transcription factor binding to its proximal promoter.
Shifting Native Chemical Ligation into Reverse through N→S Acyl Transfer (2011)

Peptide thioester synthesis by N→S acyl transfer is being intensively explored by many research groups the world over. Reasons for this likely include the often straightforward method of precursor assembly using Fmoc-based chemistry and the fundamentally interesting acyl migration process. In this review we introduce recent advances in this exciting area and discuss, in more detail, our own efforts towards the synthesis of peptide thioesters through N→S acyl transfer in native peptide sequences. We have found that several peptide thioesters can be readily prepared and, what's more, there appears to be ample opportunity for further development and discovery.
A Study on a JWT-Based User Authentication and API Assessment Scheme Using IMEI in a Smart Home Environment (2017)

The development of information and communication technology (ICT) has opened the era of the Internet of Things (IoT), in which many devices can connect to the Internet to communicate. Recently, various technologies, such as smart grids, connected cars, and smart farms, have emerged based on IoT, and there is also the smart home, which is the fastest growing market. The smart home is where devices installed for various purposes connect to each other through the Internet so that users can use the service anytime and anywhere. However, while the smart home provides convenience to users, recently the smart home has been exposed to various security threats, such as vulnerability of session/cookies and the use of vulnerable OAuth. In addition, attacks on smart homes by hackers using these vulnerabilities are also increasing. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a user authentication method using the JSON Web Token (JWT) and International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) in the smart home, and solved the problem of unauthorized smart home device registration of hackers by the application of IMEI and JWT technology.
Continuous measurement of blood oxygen pressure using a fiber optic sensor based on phosphorescence quenching (2002)

Measuring oxygen pressure within an artery is essential for providing information on blood perfusion. Optic-sensor is particularly well suited for oxygen pressure measurement because electrolytic or magnetic changes of the environment do not affect the measurement. We developed a fiber optical sensor based on phosphorescence quenching method. The probe, Pd-meso-tetra-(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin, was immobilized to the silicone resin membrane, which has high oxygen permeability, and attached to the tip of POF (outer diameter: 500 /spl mu/m). The light source used for exciting the probe was a Nd:YAG-SH pulse laser (532 nm) and the phosphorescent emission was detected by a photomultiplier tube. The signal was fitted to a single exponential decay curve to acquire the time constant (life time), thereafter the oxygen pressure was calculated from Stern-Volmer relationship. The effectiveness of the sensor was obtained to measure the dissolved oxygen with high precision (correlation coefficient 0.999) and high response time (about 7 sec). In this study, measurement of oxygen pressure was also made in the femoral artery of the rat by using the developed sensor and it indicated that it was very useful to measure arterial oxygen pressure continuously.