gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temperature-dependent optical properties of titanium nitride (2017)

The refractory metal titanium nitride is promising for high-temperature nanophotonic and plasmonic applications, but its optical properties have not been studied at temperatures exceeding 400 °C. Here, we perform in-situ high-temperature ellipsometry to quantify the permittivity of TiN films from room temperature to 1258 °C. We find that the material becomes more absorptive at higher temperatures but maintains its metallic character throughout visible and near infrared frequencies. X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and mass spectrometry confirm that TiN retains its bulk crystal quality and that thermal cycling increases the surface roughness, reduces the lattice constant, and reduces the carbon and oxygen contaminant concentrations. The changes in the optical properties of the material are highly reproducible upon repeated heating and cooling, and the room-temperature properties are fully recoverable after cooling. Using the measured high-temperature permittivity, we compute the emissivity, surface plasmon polariton propagation length, and two localized surface plasmon resonance figures of merit as functions of temperature. Our results indicate that titanium nitride is a viable plasmonic material throughout the full temperature range explored.
Knowledge Elicitation for Design Task Sequencing Knowledge (1999)

"There are many types of knowledge involved in producing a design (the process of specifying a description of an artifact that satisfies a collection of constraints [Brown, 1992]). Of these, one of the most crucial is the design plan: the sequence of steps taken to create the design (or a portion of the design). A number of knowledge elicitation methods can be used to obtain this knowledge from the designer. The success of the elicitation depends on the match between the knowledge elicitation method used and the information being sought. The difficulty with obtaining design plan information is that this information may involve implicit knowledge, i.e. knowledge that can not be expressed explicitly. In this thesis, an approach is used that combines two knowledge elicitation techniques: one direct, to directly request the design steps and their sequence, and one indirect, to refine this knowledge by obtaining steps and sequences that may be implicit. The two techniques used in this thesis were Forward Scenario Simulation (FSS), a technique where the domain expert describes how the procedure followed to solve it, and Card Sort, a technique where the domain expert is asked to sort items (usually entities in the domain) along different attributes. The Design Ordering Elicitation System (DOES) was built to perform the knowledge elicitation. This system is a web-based system designed to support remote knowledge elicitation: KE performed without the presence of the knowledge engineer. This system was used to administer knowledge elicitation sessions to evaluate the effectiveness of these techniques at obtaining design steps and their sequencing. The results indicate that using an indirect technique together with a direct technique obtains more alternative sequences for the design steps than using the direct technique alone."
Power Optimization in Embedded Systems via Feedback Control of Resource Allocation (2011)

Embedded systems often operate in so variable conditions that design can only be carried out for some worst-case scenario. This leads to over-provisioned resources, and undue power consumption. Feedback control is an effective (and not yet fully explored) way to tailor resource usage online, thereby making the system behave and consume as if it was optimized for each specific utilization case. A control-theoretical methodology is here proposed to complement architecture design in a view to said tailoring. Experimental results show that a so addressed architecture meets performance requirements, while consuming less power than any fixed (i.e., uncontrolled) one capable of attaining the same goals. Also, the methodology naturally induces computationally lightweight control laws.
Controlling Rod Body Corrosion Failures With Spray-Metal Plastic-Coated Sucker Rods (1988)

ABSTRACT This paper presents the results of an investigation into the benefits of spray metal plastic coated (SMPC) sucker rods for reducing rod body corrosion failures. The operating histories of over 650 bare steel and SMPC rod strings that were installed in several West Texas producing locations since 1977 are reviewed. Over 9000 failure and installation records have been summarized. Comparisons have been made in the performance (runtime and failures) of sucker rod strings before and after the installation of SMPC rods. Major operating practices have not significantly changed during the time period studied. Experience with bare steel and SMPC rod strings in one major West Texas producing unit is reviewed in detail. The runtime and failure histories for all rod strings (both bare steel and SMPC) in this unit are summarized. The economics of SMPC sucker rod string installation are also reviewed.
Parameters That Specify the Timing of Cytokinesis (1999)

One model for the timing of cytokinesis is based on findings that p34(cdc2) can phosphorylate myosin regulatory light chain (LC20) on inhibitory sites (serines 1 and 2) in vitro (Satterwhite, L.L., M.H. Lohka, K.L. Wilson, T.Y. Scherson, L.J. Cisek, J.L. Corden, and T.D. Pollard. 1992. J. Cell Biol. 118:595-605), and this inhibition is proposed to delay cytokinesis until p34(cdc2) activity falls at anaphase. We have characterized previously several kinase activities associated with the isolated cortical cytoskeleton of dividing sea urchin embryos (Walker, G.R., C.B. Shuster, and D.R. Burgess. 1997. J. Cell Sci. 110:1373-1386). Among these kinases and substrates is p34(cdc2) and LC20. In comparison with whole cell activity, cortical H1 kinase activity is delayed, with maximum levels in cortices prepared from late anaphase/telophase embryos. To determine whether cortical-associated p34(cdc2) influences cortical myosin II activity during cytokinesis, we labeled eggs in vivo with [(32)P]orthophosphate, prepared cortices, and mapped LC20 phosphorylation through the first cell division. We found no evidence of serine 1,2 phosphorylation at any time during mitosis on LC20 from cortically associated myosin. Instead, we observed a sharp rise in serine 19 phosphorylation during anaphase and telophase, consistent with an activating phosphorylation by myosin light chain kinase. However, serine 1,2 phosphorylation was detected on light chains from detergent-soluble myosin II. Furthermore, cells arrested in mitosis by microinjection of nondegradable cyclin B could be induced to form cleavage furrows if the spindle poles were physically placed in close proximity to the cortex. These results suggest that factors independent of myosin II inactivation, such as the delivery of the cleavage stimulus to the cortex, determine the timing of cytokinesis.
Pneumonic pasteurellosis of cattle: microbiology and immunology. (1969)

Pasteurellosis was investigated under natural conditions by comparing bacterial and viral nasal flora and levels of bacterial and viral antibody in sera and nasal secretions between animals sick with the disease and those that remained well. The animals were classified sick or well on the basis of the levels of body temperature and plasma fibrinogen. The most significant feature of the bacterial flora was the higher frequency of isolation and the numbers of Past. hemolytica in the nasal flora in the first two weeks after shipment. As indicated by the number of animals with serum antibody to PI-3 virus, infection with this virus was active in both sick and well animals, and serologically, the incidence of infection was higher in animals that remained well. Nasal antibody to PI-3 virus was slightly lower in incidence than serum antibody. Examination of untreated fatal cases and animals killed during the experiment suggests that in some animals there may be a relationship between the high numbers of a bacterial species in the nasal passage and infection by that organism in the lung.
Prognostic Value of Tuberculin and BCG Immunoreactivity in Stage I High-Risk Malignant Melanoma (EORTC Protocol 18781) (1996)

Cellular as well as humoral immune responses to PPD and BCG thus identify stage I malignant melanoma patients with an overall better prognosis.
Nanodiamonds: The intersection of nanotechnology, drug development, and personalized medicine (2015)

The implementation of nanomedicine in cellular, preclinical, and clinical studies has led to exciting advances ranging from fundamental to translational, particularly in the field of cancer. Many of the current barriers in cancer treatment are being successfully addressed using nanotechnology-modified compounds. These barriers include drug resistance leading to suboptimal intratumoral retention, poor circulation times resulting in decreased efficacy, and off-target toxicity, among others. The first clinical nanomedicine advances to overcome these issues were based on monotherapy, where small-molecule and nucleic acid delivery demonstrated substantial improvements over unmodified drug administration. Recent preclinical studies have shown that combination nanotherapies, composed of either multiple classes of nanomaterials or a single nanoplatform functionalized with several therapeutic agents, can image and treat tumors with improved efficacy over single-compound delivery. Among the many promising nanomaterials that are being developed, nanodiamonds have received increasing attention because of the unique chemical-mechanical properties on their faceted surfaces. More recently, nanodiamond-based drug delivery has been included in the rational and systematic design of optimal therapeutic combinations using an implicitly de-risked drug development platform technology, termed Phenotypic Personalized Medicine-Drug Development (PPM-DD). The application of PPM-DD to rapidly identify globally optimized drug combinations successfully addressed a pervasive challenge confronting all aspects of drug development, both nano and non-nano. This review will examine various nanomaterials and the use of PPM-DD to optimize the efficacy and safety of current and future cancer treatment. How this platform can accelerate combinatorial nanomedicine and the broader pharmaceutical industry toward unprecedented clinical impact will also be discussed.
Teachers' Formative Assessment Use to Check for Understanding and to Adjust Instruction (2019)

School leaders at an urban high school in the U.S. Midwest encouraged teachers to use formative assessment to help students meet learning goals; however, several years later, they found inconsistent implementation. Without a clear understanding of teachers' formative assessment practices, leaders could not establish needed supports for its consistent use in the classrooms. The purpose of this bounded qualitative case study was to examine teachers' formative assessment use to check for student understanding and to adjust instruction. Black and Wiliam's formative assessment theory formed the foundation of this study. Research questions focused on teachers' perceptions of formative assessment and usage of formative assessment for instruction. Ten state certified high school teachers, who had at least a bachelor's degree, passed basic skills and subject area examinations, and taught within their majors or minors, were purposefully selected to provide data. Data were gathered from observations, interviews, and teacher logs and were analyzed inductively using open and axial coding strategies. Results showed teachers collected and used formative assessment to modify instruction and determine student understanding from a limited number of students. Furthermore, they lacked the knowledge, skills, and strategies to implement formative assessment to help all students meet learning goals. Based on the findings, 3 professional development (PD) sessions were created to help school leaders provide support for teachers' consistent formative assessment implementation. These endeavors may contribute to positive social change when administrators provide teachers with PD to increase teachers' knowledge and skills using formative assessment, and, ultimately, to meet student learning goals.
Decisions decisions (1999)

Newly qualified nurses are faced with a bewildering array of questions regarding their next step after Registration, Ray Field offers some advice
Improvement of the global surface emissivity from MOPITT measurements and its impacts on the retrievals of tropospheric carbon monoxide profiles (2004)

Carbon monoxide (CO) is an important tropospheric trace species and can serve as a useful tracer of atmospheric transport. The Measurements of Pollution In The Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument uses the 4.7 μm CO band to measure the spatial and temporal variation of the CO profile and total column amount in the troposphere from space. Launched in 1999 on board the NASA Terra satellite, the MOPITT views the earth with a pixel size 22 km by 22 km and a cross-track swath that measures a near-global distribution of CO every 3 days. In the operational MOPITT CO retrieval algorithm (V3; Version 3), surface skin temperature (Ts) and emissivity (E) are retrieved simultaneously with the CO profile. The accuracy of E and Ts is crucial for obtaining the CO retrieval within the 10% accuracy from the MOPITT measurements. However, because both Ts and E are retrieved from the same piece of information from the MOPITT measurements, the accuracy of both valuables may be limited. Extra surface skin temperature information is needed to determine surface emissivity, and <i>vice versa</i>. In this study, we use MODIS Ts within the MOPITT FOVs, in conjunction with those MOPITT signals most sensitive to the background scene, to compute the surface emissivity through an iterative retrieval algorithm. A monthly 1degree grid averaged 4.7 μm surface emissivity map is generated. The evaluation of the accuracy of this monthly 1 degree grid averaged 4.7 μm surface emissivity map is presented and its impacts on the retrievals of tropospheric CO profiles from the MOPITT measurements are also discussed.
Sex-specific mating pheromones in the nematode <i>Panagrellus redivivus</i> (2012)

Nematodes use an extensive chemical language based on glycosides of the dideoxysugar ascarylose for developmental regulation (dauer formation), male sex attraction, aggregation, and dispersal. However, no examples of a female- or hermaphrodite-specific sex attractant have been identified to date. In this study, we investigated the pheromone system of the gonochoristic sour paste nematode Panagrellus redivivus, which produces sex-specific attractants of the opposite sex. Activity-guided fractionation of the P. redivivus exometabolome revealed that males are strongly attracted to ascr#1 (also known as daumone), an ascaroside previously identified from Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodites. Female P. redivivus are repelled by high concentrations of ascr#1 but are specifically attracted to a previously unknown ascaroside that we named dhas#18, a dihydroxy derivative of the known ascr#18 and an ascaroside that features extensive functionalization of the lipid-derived side chain. Targeted profiling of the P. redivivus exometabolome revealed several additional ascarosides that did not induce strong chemotaxis. We show that P. redivivus females, but not males, produce the male-attracting ascr#1, whereas males, but not females, produce the female-attracting dhas#18. These results show that ascaroside biosynthesis in P. redivivus is highly sex-specific. Furthermore, the extensive side chain functionalization in dhas#18, which is reminiscent of polyketide-derived natural products, indicates unanticipated biosynthetic capabilities in nematodes.
Sound absorption characteristic of micro-helix metamaterial by 3D printing (2018)

We present the design of micro-helix metamaterial supporting high sound absorption characteristic by 3D printing. The sample structure which is fabricated out of polylactide (PLA) material, many micro-helix are arranged by periodic arrays on XY plane. Experiment measurement results show that different geometrical dimensions of helix vestibule and cavity depth have a great effect on sound absorption coefficient. Physical mechanism depends on the friction and viscosity between the air and the helix vestibule. This work shows great potential of micro-structure metamaterial in noise control applications require light weight and large rigid of sound absorption.
A Convenient Method for the Synthesis of (Prop-2-Ynyloxy)Benzene Derivatives via Reaction with Propargyl Bromide, Their Optimization, Scope and Biological Evaluation (2014)

A highly convenient method has been developed for the synthesis of (prop-2-ynyloxy) benzene and its derivatives. Differently substituted phenol and aniline derivatives were allowed to react with propargyl bromide in the presence of K2CO3 base and acetone as solvent. The compounds were synthesized in good yields (53-85%). Low cost, high yields and easy availability of compounds helped in the synthesis. Electron withdrawing groups favor the formation of stable phenoxide ion thus in turn favors the formation of product while electron donating groups do not favor the reaction. Phenol derivatives gave good yields as compared to that of aniline. As aprotic polar solvents favor SN2 type reactions so acetone provided best solvation for the reactions. K2CO3 was proved to be good for the synthesis. Antibacterial, Antiurease and NO scavenging activity of synthesized compounds were also examined. 4-bromo-2-chloro-1-(prop-2-ynyloxy)benzene 2a was found most active compound against urease enzyme with a percentage inhibition of 82.00±0.09 at 100 µg/mL with IC50 value of 60.2. 2-bromo-4-methyl-1-(prop-2-ynyloxy)benzene 2d was found potent antibacterial against Bacillus subtillus showing excellent inhibitory action with percentage inhibition of 55.67±0.26 at 100 µg/ml wih IC50 value of 79.9. Based on results, it can be concluded that some of the synthesized compounds may have potential antiurease and antibacterial effects against several harmful substances.
Optimize FCC and catalytic polymerization units (1997)

The combination of technologies described provide the key ingredients for successful closed-loop plant wide optimization. Online properties estimation (OPE) provides continuous, accurate values of crucial process measurements. Optimal predictive control (OPC) enforces optimal targets while respecting the dynamic behavior and limitations of the process. Closed-loop reconciliation and optimization (CRO) increases plant profit through the use of rigorous steady-state models to calculate better target values. The PC-based packages for off-line design of estimators, controllers, and optimizer provide a user-friendly environment which permits rapid development of applications. Extensive testing of real-life scenarios within each design package results in short online commissioning times and robust performance. The development process is independent of the online DCS or computer platform in which the applications will run. This project has generated a return greater than 4% of the total profit generated by the unit. These benefits result from achieving increased yields of the highest-valued products, and reducing energy consumption. Additional profits are realized from the ability to maximize throughput.
Development of an industrial femtosecond laser micromachining system (2002)

Within the research project FEMTO, supported by the European Commission, a compact diode-pumped titanium:sapphire laser has been developed which matches the requirements of industrial systems, like compact dimensions and stable laser operation. To achieve this, the laser has been specially designed to be integrated directly into the machining system. For best process speed combined with optimal cutting quality, focus has been laid upon high repetition rates at moderate pulse energies. Typical average output powers are around 1.5W and repetition rates of up to 5 kHz. Accompanying to the laser development, a micro-machining system has been designed to meet the requirements of femtosecond laser micro-machining. In parallel to the machine development, machining processes have been investigated and optimized for different applications. The machining of delicate medical implants has been demonstrated as well as the machining system for general micro-machining of sensitive and delicate materials has been proven. Therefore, the developed machine offers the potential to boost the use of femtosecond lasers in industrial operation.
Preventing Breast Cancer with Tamoxifen (1998)

Tamoxifen offers protection against the development or recurrence of breast cancer in a range of clinical circumstances, while simultaneously helping to prevent osteoporosis and perhaps coronary heart disease. The most serious side effects of this antiestrogen are thromboembolism and accelerated development of endometrial carcinoma; they occur primarily in postmenopausal women.
Two large virion envelope glycoproteins mediate Epstein-Barr virus binding to receptor-positive cells (1982)

The four major Epstein-Barr virion envelope components were separated by column chromatography and reconstituted into artificial liposomes. These liposomes were tested for their ability to bind selectively to Epstein-Barr virus receptor-positive cells. Only when the two high-molecular-weight glycoproteins, VE1 and VE2, were present together was a stable binding complex formed. The addition of the other virion envelope components did not increase the levels of binding. This binding was inhibited by unlabeled viable virions and by neutralizing antisera, which recognized the two components. Adsorption of viable virus was also eliminated by the antisera. The enzyme susceptibility pattern of the cell-liposome interaction is similar to that of the virus-cell interaction, thus confirming the specificity of the binding site. A model for Epstein-Barr virus binding in which VE1 and VE2 coordinately recognize the same binding site is presented.
Plasmonic Coupling Dynamics of Silver Nanoparticles in an Optical Trap (2015)

We investigate binding and plasmonic coupling between optically trapped 80 nm silver spheres using a combination of spectroscopic sensing and 3D interferometric laser particle tracking on a 1 μs time scale. We demonstrate that nanoparticle coupling can be either spontaneous or induced by another particle through confinement of diffusion. We reveal ultrafast entries and exits of nanoparticles inside the optical trap, fast particle rearrangements before binding, and dimer formation allowing new insights into nanoparticle self-assembly.
Acyl anion free N-heterocyclic carbene organocatalysis (2013)

Reaction discovery using N-heterocyclic carbene organocatalysis has been dominated by the chemistry of acyl anion equivalents. Recent studies demonstrate that NHCs are far more diverse catalysts, with a variety of reactions discovered that proceed without acyl anion equivalent formation. In this tutorial review selected examples of acyl anion free NHC catalysis using carbonyl compounds are presented.