gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Uremic Toxin p-Cresol Induces Akt-Pathway-Selective Insulin Resistance in Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2014)

We reported a functional incompetence in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) under uremia, but the mechanisms have not been explored. To study the mechanisms of dysfunctional MSCs induced by uremia, we characterized insulin signaling in MSCs and investigated the effect of uremic toxin, p-cresol, on the proangiogenic actions of insulin. In MSCs, insulin induced hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor, and stromal cell-derived factor 1α expressions via PI3K/Akt-dependent pathway. MSCs treated with p-cresol exhibited altered insulin signaling in a selective manner for insulin receptor substrate-1/PI3K/Akt pathway, whereas ERK pathway remained active. The insulin-induced increase of HIF-1α was blunted by p-cresol treatment. This Akt-selective insulin resistance was also observed in MSCs isolated from chronic kidney disease (CKD) mice. In mice model of hindlimb ischemia, blood flow recovery, capillary density, and local production of angiogenic factors in the ischemic limb treated with CKD MSCs were significantly inferior to those promoted by control MSCs. However, modifying CKD MSCs by overexpression of HIF-1α restored all of these changes. Taken together, these data suggest that p-cresol contributes to insulin resistance in a selective manner for Akt pathway. This might be a biological explanation for the functional incompetence of MSCs under uremia through defects in the insulin-induced elevation of HIF-1α protein expression.
Oxime esters as novel irreversible acyl transfer agents for lipase catalysis in organic media (1989)

A. Ghogare and G. S. Kumar, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1989, 1533 DOI: 10.1039/C39890001533
Estruturas atectônicas da Bacia do Paraná em Campinas (SP): deformação sin-sedimentar no Subgrupo Itararé (2015)

Entre 2000-2001, obras na Rodovia D. Pedro I expuseram dobras atectônicas no Subgrupo Itararé, Bacia do Paraná, no trevo da estrada que une Campinas a Moji-Mirim e Moji-Guaçu. Ocorrem dobras convolutas decimétricas, fechadas a isoclinais, controladas por siltitos laminados. As obras também expuseram, e depois destruíram, ondulações com comprimento de onda da ordem de 20 m. Sintetizam-se critérios distintivos desse tipo de estrutura e descrevem-se feições similares, entre SP e SC. A origem das deformações pode ser associada diretamente à ação do gelo ou ao deslizamento subaqüoso de camadas inconsolidadas. As ocorrências de Campinas parecem resultar de ambos os processos. Localmente, camadas não-confinadas em ambiente subaqüoso sofreram deformações penecontemporâneas à sedimentação, ao passo que as ondulações mais amplas e abertas devem-se à ação direta do gelo.
Electroactive Polyaniline Film Deposited from Nonaqueous Media: III . Effect of Mixed Organic Solvent on Polyaniline Deposition and Its Battery Performance (1991)

Electroactive polyaniline (PAn) films were deposited from PC (propylene carbonate)‐EC (ethylene carbonate) and PC‐DME (1,2‐dimethoxyethane) mixed polymerization solutions containing aniline, , and . Higher dielectric constant solvents are necessary to deposit the PAn film where protons, dissociated from the acid, initiate the polymerization of aniline. Various PAn films deposited in the PC, the PC‐EC (50 mole percent), and the PC‐DME (50 volume percent) solutions were used for the cathode materials of the rechargeable lithium batteries. Charge capacity and discharge ability of the Li/PAn batteries in the electrolyte solution are almost the same, regardless of the polymerization solvents, such as and . The mixed solvent electrolyte solution effect on the Li/PAn (polymerized in the PC solution) batteries becomes much larger such as . Moreover, the electrochemical kinetic factors of the PAn films deposited in the various mixed polymerization solutions and also in the different electrolytes were experimentally determined by measuring the ac impedance. The results of the ac impedance analysis of each PAn film correlate well with the battery performances of Li/PAn cells.
Analytical Weak-Segregation Theory of Bicontinuous Phases in Diblock Copolymers (1997)

We compute phase diagrams for diblock copolymers in the mean-field weak segregation regime as a function of the fraction f of A-monomers and the repulsive interaction χN. We include the ordered bicontinuous double-diamond (OBDD) phase [space group Pn3m] and the gyroid phase [space group Ia3d] as well as lamellae, hexagonal cylinders, and BCC spheres. We find a stable region of gyroid phase between cylinders and lamellae just above the mean-field critical point, in agreement with numerical mean-field calculations. The stability of gyroid depends on the presence of the next higher [220] reflections in addition to the [211] fundamental. The gyroid free energy is favored by terms of the form ψ[211]3 ψ[220] and ψ[211]2ψ[220]; the analogous terms are not permitted for OBDD.
Evaluating Search Result Diversity using Intent Hierarchies (2016)

Search result diversification aims at returning diversified document lists to cover different user intents for ambiguous or broad queries. Existing diversity measures assume that user intents are independent or exclusive, and do not consider the relationships among the intents. In this paper, we introduce intent hierarchies to model the relationships among intents. Based on intent hierarchies, we propose several hierarchical measures that can consider the relationships among intents. We demonstrate the feasibility of hierarchical measures by using a new test collection based on TREC Web Track 2009-2013 diversity test collections. Our main experimental findings are: (1) Hierarchical measures are generally more discriminative and intuitive than existing measures using flat lists of intents; (2) When the queries have multilayer intent hierarchies, hierarchical measures are less correlated to existing measures, but can get more improvement in discriminative power; (3) Hierarchical measures are more intuitive in terms of diversity or relevance. The hierarchical measures using the whole intent hierarchies are more intuitive than only using the leaf nodes in terms of diversity and relevance.
Genome Sequence of the 1,4-Dioxane-Degrading Pseudonocardia dioxanivoransStrain CB1190 (2011)

Pseudonocardia dioxanivorans CB1190 is the first bacterium reported to be capable of growth on the environmental contaminant 1,4-dioxane and the first member of the genus Pseudonocardia for which there is an annotated genome sequence. Preliminary analysis of the genome (chromosome and three plasmids) indicates that strain CB1190 possesses several multicomponent monooxygenases that could be involved in the aerobic degradation of 1,4-dioxane and other environmental contaminants.
Physical matching versus CD matching for CD SEM (2007)

CD-SEMs fleet matching is a widely discussed subject and various approaches and procedures to determine it were described in the literature. The different approaches for matching are all based on statistical treatment of regular CD measurements that are performed on dedicated test structures. The test structures are a limited finite set of features, thus the matching results should be treated as valid only for the specific defined set of test features. The credibility of the matching should be in question for different layers and specifically production layers. Since matching is crucial for reliable process monitoring by a fleet of CD-SEMs, the current matching approaches (such as TMU) must be extended so that the matching will be only tool dependent and reproducible on all layers regardless their specific material or topographic characteristics. In this work the term "Physical Matching" is introduced and a new matching procedure based on physical parameters is described. This approach extends the conventional matching methods to enable significant improvement of the matching between CD-SEM tools in production environment. To study and demonstrate the physical matching, we focus on the limited parameters set - the image brightness and Signal/Noise ratio(SNR). We test the sensitivity of CD measurements to changes in these parameters both on different test layers - Etch and Litho. We show that sensitivity of CD based measurements is low and reasonable change of the image brightness or SNR has small effect. The advantage of the physical matching approach for case study is demonstrated. The improved matching procedures are based on new targets that are used to measure the above image parameters directly. This way it is possible to characterize correctly the physical state of the measurement tool and guarantee the same image characteristics which in turn guarantee improved matching on all layers. In the framework of the proposed matching approach a proper determination of the minimal set of physical parameters that is needed to guarantee CD-SEM tools stability and matching should be included.
Characterization of Ladle Furnace Slag from Carbon Steel Production as a Potential Adsorbent (2013)

A promising type of steel slag for applications is the ladle furnace (LF) slag, which is also known as the basic slag, the reducing slag, the white slag, and the secondary refining slag. The LF slag is a byproduct from further refining molten steel after coming out of a basic oxygen furnace (BOF) or an electric arc furnace (EAF). The use of the LF slag in further applications requires knowledge of its characteristics. The LF slag characterization in this paper has been performed using the following analytical methods: chemical analysis by energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), mineralogical composition by X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface area properties by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) methods, surface chemistry by infrared absorption (FTIR) spectroscopy, and morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the main compounds are calcium, silicon, magnesium, and aluminium oxides, and calcium silicates under their various allotropic forms are the major compounds in the LF slag. Surface area properties have shown that the LF slag is a mesoporous material with relatively great BET surface area. The ladle furnace slag is a nonhazardous industrial waste because the ecotoxicity evaluation by its eluate has shown that the LF slag does not contain constituents which might in any way affect the environment harmfully.
Role of Pulmonary Surfactant in the Development and Treatment of Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (1989)

The goal of this article has been to examine the role of pulmonary surfactant system alterations in the development of ARDS, and the potential efficacy of surfactant replacement therapy in ARDS and ARDS-type injuries. Data from patients with ARDS and animal models with ARDS-type injuries clearly indicate the existence of a surfactant-deficient state. However, in contrast to neonatal RDS, this deficiency generally does not represent the primary pathogenic factor. The diversity of the disorders associated with ARDS has made it impossible to develop a single-animal model that can be used to test potential therapeutic measures. The ARDS animal models that have been developed are equally diverse, and represent the wide variations in severity and time-course seen clinically. Nevertheless, almost all of the lung injury models show indications of surfactant abnormality, which is caused mainly by biophysical inhibition of surfactant activity by the large amounts of proteinaceous edema found in the injured lungs. In some cases, this surfactant dysfunction is further compounded by a quantitative surfactant deficiency brought about by metabolic alterations of the type II pneumocytes. It is important to note that all of the lung injury models studied thus far have shown significant improvements in pulmonary mechanics and arterial oxygenation after treatment with exogenous surfactant. Such results are consistent with biophysical studies that suggest that increasing the effective surfactant concentration in the lung should mitigate the effects of both quantitative and functional surfactant deficiencies. Although animal studies suggest that surfactant replacement therapy might be efficacious in ARDS, there is a good deal of experimental work that still needs to be done.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Prognostic value of carcinoembryonic antigen and CYFRA21-1 in patients with pathological stage I non-small cell lung cancer (2007)

Background: The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the prognostic value of serum tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CYFRA21-1) in patients with pathologic (p-) stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing complete resection. Methods: Two hundred and seventy-five patients (163 males, 112 females, mean age 67.1 years) with p-stage I NSCLC who underwent complete resection at our institution between April 1999 and October 2004 were examined. Patients who had received preoperative chemotherapy or radiotherapy were excluded, as were patients who had multiple malignancies including multiple lung cancer. The serum levels of tumor markers were measured using commercially available immunoassays within 1 month before surgical resection. Serum levels of CEA and CYFRA21-1 higher than 5.0 and 2.8 ng/ml, respectively, were considered as positive according to the manufacture’s instructions. Results: The histological classification was adenocarcinoma in 193 patients, squamous cell carcinoma in 71, large cell carcinoma in 5, and other histological type in 6. One hundred and fifty-seven patients had T1 disease and 118 patients had T2 disease. The positive ratio of CEA and CYFRA21-1 was 25.7% and 13.7%, respectively, and in relation to histological type was 27.8% and 7.8% in adenocarcinoma, and 20.6% and 28.4% in squamous cell carcinoma. The overall 5-year survival rate was 79.3%. With a median follow-up of 35.5 month for surviving patients, those with initial CYFRA21-1 serum levels higher than 2.8 ng/ml had a significantly worse prognosis (p = 0.0041). Patients with an elevated preoperative CEA level exceeding 5.0 ng/ml had a shorter disease-free survival period (p = 0.0003). In patients with adenocarcinoma, a CEA level above 5.0 ng/ml was associated with shorter survival and early recurrence, whereas CYFRA21-1 showed no such association. In patients with squamous cell carcinoma, elevated preoperative CEA was not related to survival and recurrence. In these patients, preoperative CYFRA21-1 level exceeding 2.8 ng/ml was associated with a poorer outcome, whereas preoperative CYFRA21-1 level was not associated with cancer recurrence. Conclusion: The patients with p-stage I adenocarcinoma whose preoperative CEA level was high might be considered as good candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy. The prognostic value of CYFRA21-1 could not be confirmed for stage I NSCLC, and preoperative CYFRA21-1 level was not useful in selecting the candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy.
Development and survival of thoracic motoneurons and hindlimb musculature following transplantation of the thoracic neural tube to the lumbar region in the chick embryo: Functional aspects (1990)

Abstract Following heterotopic transplantation of the thoracic neural tube to the lumbar region on embryonic day (E) 2, the transplanted cord differentiates normally and establishes neuroanatomical connections with the host central nervous system and hindlimb muscles. Beginning on about E12, however, the neuromuscular system begins to undergo regressive changes resulting in motoneuron degeneration and muscle atrophy (O'Brien and Oppenheim, 1990). In the present paper, we have examined the development of neuromuscular function in thoracic transplant embryos from E6 to the time of hatching on E20–21. The onset of hindlimb movements and reflexes occurred at the same time (E6–E8) in both control and thoracic transplant embryos. Further, both the nature (pattern) and frequency of these movements appeared normal in the thoracic transplats up to E10–E12, after which there was a gradual and marked reduction in the frequency, and an alteration in the pattern, of both spontaneous and reflex‐evoked hindlimb movements. After E16 normal movements were virtually absent in many of the thoracic transplant cases. By contrast, movements of the head, trunk and wings were normal in these embryos throughout the observation period. Hindlimbs innervated partly by the thoracic transplant and partly by remaining host lumbar cord did not exhibit the regressive changes in function after E10 that occurred in hindlimbs innervated exclusively by the thoracic transplant. EMG recordings from specific hindlimb muscles innervated solely by thoracic motoneurons demonstrated that the activation pattern of both flexors and extensors was similar to the repetitive pattern observed in normal thoracically innervated intercostal muscles (i.e., extensorlike). Muscles did not show distinguishable EMG burst patterns with inhibitory periods as do control lumbar innervated muscles. We conclude that the development of the pattern generating circuitry in the transplanted thoracic cord was similar to normal thoracic cord and thus appeared to be uninfluenced by having contacted the foreign hindlimb muscle targets early in development. Activity blockade with curare from E6 to E14 suppressed the loss of motoneurons that occurs in the thoracic transplant after E10. Thus, the abnormal thoracic‐like activation pattern of thoracically innervated hindlimbs may be a critical signal in the initiation of the neuromuscular regression that occurs after E10 in these preparations. Finally, although the innervation and formation of neuromuscular endplates in thoracic transplants appeared normal up to E12, by E14 both the intramuscular nerves and the endplates exhibited signs of degeneration and regression. Thoracic motoneurons are initially able to innervate and functionally activate hindlimb muscles in a manner similar to that of thoracically innervated intercostal muscles. Eventually, however, even this abnormal activation pattern disappears and the entire neuromuscular system breaks down.
Syntheses of Analgesics. IX (1956)

A series of 1-alkyl (or aryl)-2-dialkylaminocyclohexanones (III to X) were prepared by the reaction of the Grignard reagents of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, benzyl, and phenyl halides with 2-dialkylaminocyclohexanones (I and II) obtained from 2-halocyclohexanone and dialkylamines. (X) gives 1-phenyl-1-benzoyloxy-2-dimethylaminocyclohexane hydrochloride (XI) on the application of benzoyl chloride but (IV), (VI), and (VII) only afford their own hydrochlorides. Treatment of (X) with formic acid or dry hydrogen chloride gas affords 1-phenyl-2-dimethylaminocyclohex-1- or -6-ene (XII). The use of sodium as the condensation agent in the reaction of 2-ethoxycarbonylcylohexanone and dialkylamino-ethyl chloride gives 2-β-dialkylaminoethyl-2-ethoxycarbonylcyclohexanones (XI and XII). Further treatment of these with barium hydroxide to 2-β-dialkyl-aminoethylcyclohexanones (XIII and XIV) and application of the Grignard reagents of methyl, ethyl, butyl, and phenyl halides afford the corresponding 2-β-dialkyl-aminoethyl-1-alkyl (or aryl) cyclohexanols (XV to XXI).
A descriptive study of managed-care hassles in 26 practices (2001)

The high hassle rate, in addition to the interference of hassles with quality of care and the doctor-patient relationship, suggests the need for further investigation into managed-care hassles using practice-based research methods.
Therapeutic Potential of Amanitin-Conjugated Anti-Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule Monoclonal Antibody Against Pancreatic Carcinoma (2012)

This preclinical study suggests that anti-EpCAM antibody conjugates with α-amanitin have the potential to be highly effective therapeutic agents for pancreatic carcinomas and various EpCAM-expressing malignancies.
A Simulator Study of the Effectiveness of a Pilot's Indicator which Combined Angle of Attack and Rate of Change of Total Pressure as Applied to the Take-Off Rotation and Climbout of a Supersonic Transport (1961)

A simulator study has been made to determine the effectiveness of a single instrument presentationAS AN AID TO THE PILOT IN CONTROLLING BOTH ROTATION AND CLIMBOUT PATH IN TAKE-OFF. The instrument was basically an angle-of-attack indicat r, biased with a total-pressure-rate input as a means of suppressing the phugoid oscillation. Linearized six-degree-of-freedom equations of motion were utilized in simulating a hypothetical supersonic transport as the test vehicle. Each of several experienced pilots performed a number of simulated take-offs, using conventional flight instruments and either an angle-of-attack instrument or the combined angle-of-attack and total-pressure-rate instrument. The pilots considered the combined angle-of-attack and totalpressure-rate instrument a very effective aid. Even though they could, with sufficient practice, perform satisfactory climbouts after simulated engine failure by monitoring the conventional instruments and making corrections based on their readings, it was much easier to maintain a smooth flight path with the single combined angle-ofattack and total-pressure-rate instrument. (Author)
Optimal hierarchies for fuzzy object models (2013)

In radiologic clinical practice, the analysis underlying image examinations are qualitative, descriptive, and to some extent subjective. Quantitative radiology (QR) is valuable in clinical radiology. Computerized automatic anatomy recognition (AAR) is an essential step toward that goal. AAR is a body-wide organ recognition strategy. The AAR framework is based on fuzzy object models (FOMs) wherein the models for the different objects are encoded in a hierarchy. We investigated ways of optimally designing the hierarchy tree while building the models. The hierarchy among the objects is a core concept of AAR. The parent-offspring relationships have two main purposes in this context: (i) to bring into AAR more understanding and knowledge about the form, geography, and relationships among objects, and (ii) to foster guidance to object recognition and object delineation. In this approach, the relationship among objects is represented by a graph, where the vertices are the objects (organs) and the edges connect all pairs of vertices into a complete graph. Each pair of objects is assigned a weight described by the spatial distance between them, their intensity profile differences, and their correlation in size, all estimated over a population. The optimal hierarchy tree is obtained by the shortest-path algorithm as an optimal spanning tree. To evaluate the optimal hierarchies, we have performed some preliminary tests involving the subsequent recognition step. The body region used for initial investigation was the thorax.
Effect of Guarana on Exercise in Normal and Epinephrine-Induced Glycogenolytic Mice. (1998)

The tonic action of water Guarana extract, (Paullinia cupana MART.), was investigated in normal, exercised, and epinephrine-induced glycogenolytic mice. A water extract of Guarana (GW) (500 mg/kg) increased the blood glucose level (p < 0.001) and decreased the liver glycogen contents of mice 60 min after oral maltose administration (p < 0.05). GW also significantly suppressed exercise-induced hypoglycemia (60 min: p < 0.05). However, GW did not affect the blood glucose in epinephrine-induced glycogenolytic and exercise mice. These findings indicate that the suppressive mechanism of hypoglycemia might be due to the promotion of glycogen resolution.
Neuro-dynamic programming for adaptive control of Bayesian networks for global awareness (2002)

In order to be efficient and robust, future systems for global awareness applications must accommodate new data sources and alter their computational structure automatically. We demonstrate the utility of neuro-dynamic programming (NDP) for addressing such challenges in a real-time application. We describe our implementation of a simple information fusion system that uses NDP to allocate resources to Bayesian networks. The Bayesian networks use information from distributed sensors and databases to infer identity of vehicle clusters.