gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro released interferon-gamma in the diagnosis of drug-induced anaphylaxis. (1999)

A 17-year-old Japanese male was referred with acute urticaria and anaphylaxis after the administration of PL (salicylamide, acetaminophen, anhydrous caffeine and promethazine methylene disalicylate) and Bufferin (aspirin and dialminate) for headache and a high grade fever. The results of prick test, patch test and drug-induced lymphocyte stimulation test with PL and Bufferin were all negative. The patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultured with or without PL for 72 hours, and the activity of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in the culture supernatant was measured with EIA. A significantly high level of IFN-gamma was detected in PBMC from the patient, but very little in those from healthy control subjects with a history of exposure to PL. This finding may indicate the presence of drug-specific IFN-gamma producing T cells in patients with an anaphylactic shock reaction to medication. Assays that measure the drug-induced IFN-gamma production may thus be a useful diagnostic tool not only for identifying delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to drugs, but also for predicting anaphylactic shock reaction to drugs.
The <sup>•</sup>OH Radical Yield in the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> + O<sub>3</sub> (Peroxone) Reaction (2013)

The peroxone process is one of the AOPs that lead to (•)OH. Hitherto, it has been generally assumed that the (•)OH yield is unity with respect to O3 consumption. Here, experimental data are presented that suggest that it must be near 0.5. The first evidence is derived from competition experiments. The consumption of 4-chlorobenzoic acid (4-CBA), 4-nitrobenzoic acid (4-NBA) and atrazine present in trace amounts (1 μM) has been followed as a function of the O3 concentration in a solution containing H2O2 (1 mM) and tertiary butanol (tBuOH, 0.5 mM) in excess over the trace compounds. With authentic (•)OH generated by γ-radiolysis such a competition can be adequately fitted by known (•)OH rate constants. Fitting the peroxone data, however, the consumption of the trace indicators can only be rationalized if the (•)OH yield is near 0.5 (4-CBA: 0.56, 4-NBA: 0.49, atrazine: 0.6). Additional information for an (•)OH yield much below unity has been obtained by a product analysis of the reactions of tBuOH with (•)OH and dimethyl sulfoxide with (•)OH. The mechanistic interpretation for the low (•)OH yield is as follows (Merényi et al. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44, 3505-3507). In the reaction of O3 with HO2(-) an adduct (HO5(-)) is formed that decomposes into O3(•-) and HO2(•) in competition with 2 O2 + OH(-). The latter process reduces the free-radical yield.
Voltage-time dilemma of pure electronic mechanisms in resistive switching memory cells (2010)

Metal/insulator/metal thin film stacks showing stable resistive switching are promising candidates for future use as a nonvolatile resistive random access memory, competitive to FLASH and DRAM. Although the switching mechanisms are not completely understood a lot of theories and models try to describe the effects. One of them postulates the trapping and detrapping of electronic charge in immobile traps as the reason for the resistance changes, also known as Simmons & Verderber model. This contribution shows that this “pure electronic” switching mechanism will face a voltage-time dilemma—general to all switching insulators—at conditions competitive to the state-of-the-art FLASH. There is an incompatibility between the long retention time (10 years) and the short READ/WRITE current pulses (tREAD/WRITE≤100 ns) at high densities (area≤100×100 nm2) at low applied voltages (≤1 V). This general dilemma is exemplified in two detailed scenarios with different electronic band and defect properties.
Antigen Retrieval Using pH 3.5 Glycine-HCI Buffer or Urea Solution for Immunohistochemical Localization of Ki-67 (1994)

A new antibody (MIB-1) has been described, permitting the demonstration of Ki-67 proliferation antigen in paraffin sections. However, satisfactory results were obtained only after subjecting tissue sections to microwave based antigen retrieval in citrate buffer solution. Other buffer solutions produce equivalent or better results and also permit use of the original Ki-67 antibody, which hitherto has been considered ineffective for paraffin sections.
Function of bone marrow stromal cell lines derived from nude mice. (1994)

We previously reported that in double deficient nude.xid mice B cells failed to develop and their bone marrow did not produce mature B cells in vitro. However, when progenitors from nude.xid bone marrow were placed on a preestablished normal stromal cell line (AC6) they differentiated into surface IgM+ cells. This raised the possibility of a deficiency of nude and nude.xid stromal cells such that they were incapable of supporting the maturation of X-linked immune deficiency (xid) B cells. Here we ask whether bone marrow stromal cells from nude and nude.xid mice have the ability to support xid B cell lymphopoiesis. A primary stromal cell layer derived from nude mice supported xid B cell differentiation in vitro. We derived panels of stromal cell lines by transfection of primary stromal cell layers with a retrovirus encoding SV40 large T Ag. Several bone marrow stromal cell lines derived from nude and nude.xid mice supported xid B cell differentiation from CD43+/CD45 (B220-) to CD45 (B220+) and from CD45 (B220+)/surface IgM- to surface IgM+. Supporting cell lines expressed both IL-7 and insulin-like growth factor I. The frequencies of bone marrow stromal cells capable of supporting xid B cell differentiation were similar in normal, xid, nude, and nude.xid mice. These results demonstrate that nude and nude.xid mice have bone marrow stromal cells with normal abilities to support B cell maturation.
Oxidative stress during myocardial ischaemia and heart failure. (1998)

Oxidative stress is a condition in which oxidant metabolites exert toxic effects because of their increased production or an altered cellular mechanism of protection. The heart needs oxygen but it is also susceptible to oxidative stress, which occurs during post-ischaemic reperfusion, for example. Ischaemia causes alterations in the defence mechanisms against oxygen free radicals. At the same time, production of oxygen free radicals increases. In man, there is evidence of oxidative stress during surgical reperfusion of the whole heart, or after thrombolysis, and it is related to transient left ventricular dysfunction or stunning. At present, there are few data on oxidative stress in the failing heart. It is not clear whether the defence mechanisms of the myocyte are altered or whether the production of oxygen free radicals is increased, or both. Recent data have shown a close link between oxidative stress and apoptosis. Importantly, tumour necrosis factor causes a rapid rise in intracellular reactive oxygen intermediates and apoptosis. This series of events is not confined to the myocytes, but also occurs at the level of endothelium, where tumour necrosis factor causes expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, production of the reactive radical nitric oxide, oxidative stress and apoptosis. The immunological response to heart failure may result in endothelial and myocyte dysfunction through oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis. A better understanding of these mechanisms may lead to novel therapeutic strategies.
Yielding property under shock compression of the Si3N4 ceramics. (1990)

In order to study the yielding property etc. under shock compression of the Si3N4 ceramics, the Hugoniot curve measuring experiments were performed in the pressure range up to 35GPa. Two different kinds of sintered specimen (the normal and fine sintered ones) were used to examine the effect of fine structure on the yielding property. The Hugoniot parameters were measured by the inclined-mirror method combined with the keyed-powder gun. The Hugoniot-elastic limit (HEL) stresses of the normal and fine sintered ones were determined to be 10.2-15.5 and 15.0-22.0GPa, respectively, and both Hugoniot compression curves converge each other in the plastic region. As a result, it was found that, although these Si3N4 ceramics behave as elastoplastic solids under shock compression, the Hugoniot-elastic limits are strongly influenced by its fine structure.
Robot sensor calibration: solving AX=XB on the Euclidean group (1994)

The equation AX=XB on the Euclidean group arises in the problem of calibrating wrist-mounted robotic sensors. In this article the authors derive, using methods of Lie theory, a closed-form exact solution that can be visualized geometrically, and a closed-form least squares solution when A and B are measured in the presence of noise.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Calibration of parallel ΔΣ ADCs (2002)

A method of calibrating the gain and offset of each channel in parallel /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) is presented. It uses a digital /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ modulator to perform fast and simple offline calibration. Simulations performed on the converter show greater than 30-dB reduction in unwanted tones when this calibration algorithm is used on an eight-channel second-order time-interleaved parallel converter with a 1% gain mismatch and 1-mV offset mismatch. The calibration method is general and can be used with any parallel /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ ADC including time-interleaved- and Hadamard-modulation-based architectures.
Applying Concurrent Versioning to Serverless Mobile Device Synchronisation (2007)

Data sharing and synchronisation involving mobile devices has been a significant challenge to research. The methods for tracking changes and conflicts often require the involvement of a server or desktop PC with the available storage or processing power to do so, reducing the flexibility and potential of mobile device applications. This paper presents CVS-Sync, a system for synchronising data between any number of hosts and without requiring servers. Inspiration for the protocol is drawn from concurrent versioning techniques, where each modification of data creates a unique version of that data. The result is a synchronisation algorithm capable of synchronising data from multiple sources with fast reconnects and minimal overhead. Experimental validation is used to substantiate its improvements over existing protocols.
Theonellasterols and Conicasterols from <i>Theonella swinhoei</i>. Novel Marine Natural Ligands for Human Nuclear Receptors (2011)

Silica gel column chromatography, followed by HPLC purification on the apolar fraction of the methanol extract of marine sponge Theonella swinhoei, resulted in the isolation of a library of 10 polyhydroxylated steroids which we named theonellasterols B-H (1-7) and conicasterols B-D (8-10). The structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data (MS, (1)H and (13)C NMR, COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and ROESY) analysis, and the putative binding mode to nuclear receptors (NRs) has been obtained through docking calculations. Pharmacological and structure-activity relationship analysis demonstrate that these natural polyhydroxylated steroids are potent ligands of human nuclear pregnane receptor (PXR) and modulator of farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR). In addition, the molecular characterization of theonellasterol G allowed the identification of the first FXR modulator and PXR ligand so far identified. Exposure of liver cells to this agent resulted in potent induction of PXR-regulated genes and modulation of FXR-regulated genes, highlighting its pharmacological potential in the treatment of liver disorders.
A wavelet localized Radon transform based detector for a signal with unknown parameters (2002)

A new transform which combines the key features of the Radon transform and the wavelet transform is presented. This transform, developed in response to the problem of wake detection in open water synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, has parameters for rotation in addition to spatial localization. Images with arbitrary positioned linear features are shown to produce strong horizontal lines in the transform domain. This property is used to construct a wavelet localized Radon transform based detector. The performance of this detector is examined on two images.
Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) for production of anodised coatings on lightweight metal (Al, Mg, Ti) alloys (2009)

The introduction of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) as a surface finishing technique has enabled a range of hard, dense oxide coatings to be produced on aluminium, magnesium, titanium and other lightweight alloy substrates. As with all surface coating technologies, successful development of PEO coatings requires adequate attention to substrate pretreatment together with careful control of electrolyte conditions and process variables. The principles and applications of the PEO coating process are considered, including the fundamentals of oxide deposition, the technology involved and the typical characteristics of the coatings. Industrial applications are considered together with their coating requirements. Plasma electrolytic oxidation coating is a specialised but well developed process. Suitable control of electrolyte and process conditions can realise a novel range of coatings having technologically attractive physical and chemical properties. The development of PEO technology over the last decade has provided coatings having controlled appearance, hardness, corrosion resistance and other tribological properties across an extending range of industrial sectors. Continuing developments are concisely reviewed and the PEO process is illustrated by the characterisation of anodised coatings on an AZ91 magnesium alloy surface.
A Comparative Assessment of Hydroponically Grown Cereal Crops for the Purification of Aquaculture Wastewater and the Production of Fish Feed (2008)

Hydroponically grown wheat, barley and oats were examined for their ability to remove nutrients from aquaculture wastewater. Wheat, barley and oats seeds were germinated in water in a hydroponics system. The seedlings then received wastewater from an aquaculture system stocked with Arctic charr. During the experiment, the crops grew rapidly and fairly uniformly and showed no signs of mineral deficiency although fungal growth was evident. The average crop heights and yields at harvest were 19.0, 25.5 and 25.2 cm and 64, 59 and 42 t ha-1 for wheat, barley and oats, respectively. The hydroponically grown wheat, barley and oats were able to significantly reduce the pollution load of the aquaculture wastewater. The TS, COD, NH4+-N, NO2--N, NO3--N and PO43--P reductions ranged from 53.3 to 57.7%, from 55.7 to 78.7%, from 76.0 to 80.0% from 85.1 to 92.9%, from 62.1 to 79.3% and from 74.1 to 93.0%, respectively. The compartments containing barley produced the highest quality effluent, which was suitable for reuse in aquaculture operations. The average TS, COD, NH4+-N, NO2--N, NO3--N and PO43--P concentrations and pH of the final effluent from the compartments containing barley were 442, 64, 0.50, 0.02, 5.89 and 0.61 mg L-1 and 6.65, respectively. The nutritive value of the three wastewater grown crops was assessed to determine the suitability of using the plants as a component in fish feed. The three terrestrial crops meet the energy, fat, Ca, Mg, P, Na, S and Mn dietary requirements of aquatic animals, exceed the carbohydrate, crude fiber, Cl, K, Cu, Fe, Se and Zn requirements of fish and shellfish and do not contain sufficient amounts of protein to meet the dietary requirements of fish and shellfish. The crops will require supplementation with a high protein source that contains low concentrations of carbohydrates, crude fiber, Cl, K, Cu, Fe, Se and Zn. Common protein sources that could be used for supplementation included fishmeal, bone meal and blood meal.
Molecular characterization of a rotaviruslike virus isolated from striped bass (Morone saxatilis) (1990)

The characteristics of a rotaviruslike (SBR) virus isolated from striped bass (Morone saxatilis) were examined following purification of viruses from infected cell cultures. Virions had a double-layered capsid of icosahedral symmetry and a diameter of 75 nm. Purified viruses contained five polypeptides ranging in molecular mass from 130 to 35 kDa. None of the structural proteins were glycosylated. Treatment with EDTA did not remove the outer capsid. By using enzymes and a chaotropic agent, it was shown that VP5 was the most external polypeptide. The genome of SBR virus was composed of 11 segments of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). The electrophoretic pattern of the dsRNA of SBR virus was different from that of reovirus type 1 (Lang) and rotavirus (SA11) dsRNA. The SBR virus was compared with reovirus type 1 and SA11 virus by RNA-RNA blot hybridization. There was no cross-hybridization between any of the genome segments of the SBR, reovirus type 1, or SA11 viruses. Antigenic comparison of SBR virus and SA11 virus by cross-immunoprecipitation and cross-immunofluorescence tests did not show any relationship. These results suggest that SBR virus could represent a new genus within the family Reoviridae.
Biologic Therapies for Rheumatoid Arthritis (2020)

Rheumatoid arthritis is an immune-mediated and antigen-driven disease of the articular tissues. Naturally, rational treatment of this disease requires insight into causation. Although the source of the antigen drive in rheumatoid arthritis is not established, the lymphocyte and cytokine interactions that dictate progression of the disease offer good prospects for intervention with biologic agents-biotherapy. The Epstein-Barr virus has long been suspected as an etiologic agent, based particularly on high titers of virus-specific antibody in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The alternative for the rheumatogenic antigen is that this is an autoantigen to which an immune response arises de novo or following synovial infection or trauma. The migration of leukocytes across endothelial surfaces and into inflammatory lesions, a critical function in health and disease, is effected by specific ligand-receptor interactions involving “adhesion molecules”.
Combination of hTERT and <i>bmi-1</i>, E6, or E7 Induces Prolongation of the Life Span of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells from an Elderly Donor without Affecting Their Neurogenic Potential (2005)

Murine bone marrow stromal cells differentiate not only into mesodermal derivatives, such as osteocytes, chondrocytes, adipocytes, skeletal myocytes, and cardiomyocytes, but also into neuroectodermal cells in vitro. Human bone marrow stromal cells are easy to isolate but difficult to study because of their limited life span. To overcome this problem, we attempted to prolong the life span of bone marrow stromal cells and investigated whether bone marrow stromal cells modified with bmi-1, hTERT, E6, and E7 retained their differentiated capability, or multipotency. In this study, we demonstrated that the life span of bone marrow stromal cells derived from a 91-year-old donor could be extended and that the stromal cells with an extended life span differentiated into neuronal cells in vitro. We examined the neuronally differentiated cells morphologically, physiologically, and biologically and compared the gene profiles of undifferentiated and differentiated cells. The neuronally differentiated cells exhibited characteristics similar to those of midbrain neuronal progenitors. Thus, the results of this study support the possible use of autologous-cell graft systems to treat central nervous system diseases in geriatric patients.
Specific β1-adrenergic receptor silencing with small interfering RNA lowers high blood pressure and improves cardiac function in myocardial ischemia (2006)

The present study demonstrates the possibility of using siRNA for treating cardiovascular diseases and may represent a novel beta-blocker specific for beta1-AR.
Induction of innate immune responses by flagellin from the intracellular bacterium, ‘CandidatusLiberibacter solanacearum’ (2014)

The flagellin of Lso and its functional domain, flg22 Lso share characteristics of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and trigger unique innate immune responses in N. benthamiana. Slow and weak activation of the innate immune response in host plants by the flagellin of Lso may reflect the nature of its intracellular life cycle. Our findings provide new insights into the role of the Lso flagellin in the development of potato zebra chip disease and potential application in breeding for resistance.
HTLV-I—Associated B-Cell CLL: Indirect Role for Retrovirus in Leukemogenesis (1987)

Serum containing antibodies to the human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) has been observed at a higher than expected frequency in patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in an area endemic for HTLV-I. An attempt was made to determine whether the cells from patients with this leukemia were HTLV-I antigen-committed B cells that had undergone malignant transformation. Cells from two HTLV-I seropositive Jamaican patients with CLL were fused with a human B-lymphoblastoid cell line. The hybridoma cells that resulted from the fusion of CLL cells from patient I.C. produced an immunoglobulin (IgM) that reacted with the p24 gag protein from HTLV-I, HTLV-II, and HTLV-III (now referred to as HIV), but showed preferential reactivity with HTLV-I. The specific immunoglobulin gene rearrangement (IgM, kappa) in the CLL cell was demonstrated in the hybridoma cell line, indicating that the captured immunoglobulin was from the CLL cells. The IgM secreted by the fusion of CLL cells from patient L.L. reacted only with HTLV-I-infected cells and with the HTLV-I large envelope protein (gp61) on Western blots. The CLL cells from these patients appear to be a malignant transformation of an antigen-committed B cell responding to HTLV-I infection, suggesting an indirect role for this retrovirus in leukemogenesis.
Dynamic, unbalanced distribution of tasks on a PS3 cluster system for double precision calculation (2012)

The article aims to describe an algorithm for dynamic distribution of tasks in a parallel computing system consisting of a network of 9 PlayStation3 (PS3) stations. Due to the fact that the SPU cores do not have units of double precision calculation, these calculations require a longer time. Therefore, an unbalanced distribution of computing tasks on a heterogeneous cluster system as 9×PS3 is necessary. The algorithm produces an estimation of the value of π by calculating the integral $\pi= \int_{0}^{1} \frac{4}{1+x^{2}}$ and makes PPU-SPU empirical distribution of tasks on a smaller number of intervals. After determining the optimum loading between cores 18×PPU (PowerPC Unit) and 54×SPU (Synergetic Processor Unit), the integral calculation algorithm goes to a larger number of intervals.