gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An analogue overlaying scheme based on phase rotations (2009)

We introduce a scheme for overlaying an analogue phase signal on digitally modulated symbol sequences. The scheme applies phase rotations to generic PSK or QAM constellations that are rotationally invariant by multiples of an angle, and uses phase signatures to spread the phase signal over a block of symbols in order to resolve any ambiguity in the rotated constellations. A near maximum-likelihood estimator for reconstructing the analog signal is derived as well as conditions for the design of the signature sequences. The proposed scheme may be used as an alternative to quantisation and digital transmission in control channels of mobile or WLAN standards, where one or more phase references have to be provided to the terminals and where other existing digitally-modulated control information can serve as host. Analysis and simulations show that the analogue overlaying scheme can offer better performance than a digital scheme with the same spectral efficiency for the host signal, in terms of both mean square error of the reconstructed phase information and bit error rate of the underlying digital stream.
New Angles on Neuronal Dendrites In Vivo (2007)

Imaging technologies are well suited to study neuronal dendrites, which are key elements for synaptic integration in the CNS. Dendrites are, however, frequently oriented perpendicular to tissue surfaces, impeding in vivo imaging approaches. Here we introduce novel laser-scanning modes for two-photon microscopy that enable in vivo imaging of spatiotemporal activity patterns in dendrites. First, we developed a method to image planes arbitrarily oriented in 3D, which proved particularly beneficial for calcium imaging of parallel fibers and Purkinje cell dendrites in rat cerebellar cortex. Second, we applied free linescans -- either through multiple dendrites or along a single vertically oriented dendrite -- to reveal fast dendritic calcium dynamics in neocortical pyramidal neurons. Finally, we invented a ribbon-type 3D scanning method for imaging user-defined convoluted planes enabling simultaneous measurements of calcium signals along multiple apical dendrites. These novel scanning modes will facilitate optical probing of dendritic function in vivo.
Use of machine learning algorithms for prediction of fetal risk using cardiotocographic data (2019)

The classification model developed using XGBoost technique had the highest prediction accuracy for an adverse fetal outcome. Lay health-care workers in low- and middle-income countries can use this model to triage pregnant women in remote areas for early referral and further management.
Synthesis of fragments of bacterial polysaccharides and their application for the preparation of synthetic antigens (1984)

Abstract
Identification of Leukocyte E-Selectin Ligands, P-Selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1 and E-Selectin Ligand-1, on Human Metastatic Prostate Tumor Cells (2005)

Prostate tumor cells, which characteristically metastasize to bone, initiate binding interactions with bone marrow endothelium under blood flow conditions through binding interactions with E-selectin. We hypothesized that E-selectin ligands on prostate tumor cells are directly associated with bone-metastatic potential. In this report, we elucidate the identity of E-selectin ligands on human metastatic prostate tumor cells and examine their association with prostate tumor progression and metastasis in vivo. To our surprise, we found that the E-selectin-binding form of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) is expressed on the human bone-metastatic prostate tumor MDA PCa 2b cell line. Interestingly, we also found that human prostate tumor cells derived from bone, lymph node, and brain metastases expressed another leukocyte E-selectin ligand, E-selectin ligand-1 (ESL-1). Immunohistochemical analysis of PSGL-1 and ESL-1 in normal prostate tissue and in localized and metastatic prostate tumors revealed that ESL-1 was principally localized to intracellular cell membrane and expressed on all normal and malignant prostate tissue, whereas PSGL-1 was notably detected on the surfaces of bone-metastatic prostate tumor cells. These findings implicate a functional role of PSGL-1 in the bone tropism of prostate tumor cells and establish a new perspective into the molecular mechanism of human prostate tumor metastasis.
3D ellipsoidal backprojection images from large arrays. II (2003)

For pt.I see Medical Imaging VI: Instrumentation, SPIE vol.1651 (1992). Ellipsoidal backprojection imaging allows 3D ultrasonic images to be obtained in real time, i.e., at 30 frame/s. In doing this, it overcomes a fundamental limitation of conventional focused beam imaging. High-quality ellipsoidal backpropagation images of a point are shown, wherein transmitter and receiver arrays of up to 512 elements are used. A method of synthesizing multiple transmitters using a defocused annular array is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Using Attack Surface Entry Points and Reachability Analysis to Assess the Risk of Software Vulnerability Exploitability (2014)

An unpatched vulnerability can lead to security breaches. When a new vulnerability is discovered, it needs to be assessed so that it can be prioritized. A major challenge in software security is the assessment of the potential risk due to vulnerability exploitability. CVSS metrics have become a de facto standard that is commonly used to assess the severity of a vulnerability. The CVSS Base Score measures severity based on exploitability and impact measures. CVSS exploitability is measured based on three metrics: Access Vector, Authentication, and Access Complexity. However, CVSS exploitability measures assign subjective numbers based on the views of experts. Two of its factors, Access Vector and Authentication, are the same for almost all vulnerabilities. CVSS does not specify how the third factor, Access Complexity, is measured, and hence we do not know if it considers software properties as a factor. In this paper, we propose an approach that assesses the risk of vulnerability exploitability based on two software properties - attack surface entry points and reach ability analysis. A vulnerability is reachable if it is located in one of the entry points or is located in a function that is called either directly or indirectly by the entry points. The likelihood of an entry point being used in an attack can be assessed by using damage potential-effort ratio in the attack surface metric and the presence of system calls deemed dangerous. To illustrate the proposed method, five reported vulnerabilities of Apache HTTP server 1.3.0 have been examined at the source code level. The results show that the proposed approach, which uses more detailed information, can yield a risk assessment that can be different from the CVSS Base Score.
Microglia and synapse interactions: fine tuning neural circuits and candidate molecules (2013)

Brain function depends critically on the interactions among the underlying components that comprise neural circuits. This includes coordinated activity in pre-synaptic and postsynaptic neuronal elements, but also in the non-neuronal elements such as glial cells. Microglia are glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that have well-known roles in neuronal immune function, responding to infections and brain injury and influencing the progress of neurodegenerative disorders. However, microglia are also surveyors of the healthy brain, continuously extending and retracting their processes and making contacts with pre- and postsynaptic elements of neural circuits, a process that clearly consumes considerable energy. Pruning of synapses during development and in response to injury has also been documented, and we propose that this extensive surveillance of the brain parenchyma in adult healthy brain results in similar "fine-tuning" of neural circuits. A reasonable extension is that a dysfunction of such a homeostatic role of microglia could be a primary cause of neuronal disease. Indeed, neuronal functions including cognition, personality, and information processing are affected by immune status. In this review we focus on the interactions between microglia and synapses, the possible cellular and molecular mechanisms that mediate such contacts, and the possible implications these interactions may have in the fine tuning of neural circuits that is so important for physiological brain function.
Sonography of intraabdominal gas collections. (1997)

Sonography of intraabdominal gas collections.P Pattison, R B Jeffrey, Jr, R E Mindelzun and F G SommerAudio Available | Share
Direct overwrite using through-thickness temperature gradients (1991)

A type of direct overwrite using exchange-coupled bilayer magnetooptical media, without the need for an initializing magnetic field, was experimentally demonstrated. This was accomplished at a constant bias magnetic field by manipulating the through-thickness temperature gradient using a combination of short and long laser pulses. One layer of this bilayer medium is rare-earth poor, and the other layer is rare-earth rich without a compensation temperature. With long pulses the magnetization direction of the recording layer is aligned to the external bias magnetic field, while short pulses cause the subnetwork magnetization of the recording layer to be aligned to that of the reference layer by exchange-coupling. The magnetization direction of the reference layer always remains unchanged, while the magnetization of the recording layer is switched by the change between short and long laser pulses.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Regulatory Element within a Coding Exon Modulates Keratin 18 Gene Expression in Transgenic Mice (1997)

Multiple tissue-specific, DNase-hypersensitive sites are correlated with known or potential regulatory regions of the human keratin 18 (K18) gene. One of these sites is found within exon 6, close to a potential AP-1 binding site. Footprint analysis confirmed that this site is capable of binding c-Jun and c-Fos in vitro. However, exon 6 can stimulate expression of a reporter gene driven by the K18 proximal promoter independent of AP-1 in F9 cells and additionally modulates AP-1 responsiveness when in combination with an intron enhancer. Analysis in transgenic mice and by transient transfections of mutant forms of the K18 gene showed that exon 6 contributes to the expression of the K18 gene. However, substitution of part of exon 6 with the corresponding part of the keratin 19 gene which lacks an AP-1 site decreased but did not destroy the regulatory activity of the exon. Furthermore, this mutation did not alter either the tissue specificity or the position-independent and copy number-dependent behavior of the K18 gene. In contrast, a frameshift mutation within exon 6 dramatically decreased the expression of the gene. K18 RNA expression from the frameshift mutation was less than 10% of the wild type K18 transgene. This decline in expression was the result of a combination of decreased stability of mutant K18 RNA and the creation of a negative regulatory element that can interact with the first intron regulatory elements and actively suppress K18 expression. These results demonstrate that a protein-coding portion of the K18 gene also has a regulatory function.
OAuth-SSO: A Framework to Secure the OAuth-Based SSO Service for Packaged Web Applications (2018)

The OAuth 2.0 is an authorization protocol gives authorization on the Web. Popular social networks like Facebook, Google and Twitter make their APIs based on the OAuth protocol to increase user experience of SSO and social sharing. It is an open standard for authorization and gives a process for third-party applications to obtain users' resources on the resource servers without sharing their login credentials. Single sign-on (SSO) is an identification method that makes allowance for websites to use other, rely on sites to confirm users. OAuth 2.0 is broadly used in Single Sign-On (SSO) service because of its simple implementation and coherence with a diversity of the third-party applications. It has been proved secure in different formal methods, but some vulnerabilities are revealed in practice. In this paper, we mention a general approach to improve the security of OAuth based SSO service for packaged web app. This paper proposes a modified method to execute OAuth flow from such applications with the help of Single sign-on (SSO) manages the life cycle of these applications.
Enhancing the performance of coherent OTDR systems with polarization diversity complementary codes (2018)

Monitoring the optical phase change in a fiber enables a wide range of applications where fast phase variations are induced by acoustic signals or by vibrations in general. However, the quality of the estimated fiber response strongly depends on the method used to modulate the light sent to the fiber and capture the variations of the optical field. In this paper, we show that distributed optical fiber sensing systems can advantageously exploit techniques from the telecommunication domain, as those used in coherent optical transmission, to enhance their performance in detecting mechanical events, while jointly offering a simpler setup than widespread pulse-cloning or spectral-sweep based schemes with acousto-optic modulators. We periodically capture an overall fiber Jones matrix estimate thanks to a novel probing technique using two mutually orthogonal complementary (Golay) pairs of binary sequences applied simultaneously in phase and quadrature on two orthogonal polarization states. A perfect channel response estimation of the sensor array is achieved, subject to conditions detailed in the paper, thus enhancing the sensitivity and bandwidth of coherent ϕ-OTDR systems. High sensitivity, linear response, and bandwidth coverage up to 18 kHz are demonstrated with a sensor array composed of 10 fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs).
A weighted low-rank matrix approximation based template matching scheme for inter-frame prediction (2012)

In the field of video coding, inter-frame prediction plays an important role in improving compression efficiency. This task is achieved by finding a predictor for each block such that the residual data can be close to zero as much as possible. For recent video coding standards, motion vectors are required for a decoder to locate the predictors during video reconstruction. Block matching algorithms are usually utilized in the stage of motion estimation to find such motion vectors. For decoderside inter-frame predictive coding, proper templates are defined and template matching algorithms are used to produce a predictor for each block such that the overhead information to transmit motion vectors can be avoided. However, the conventional criteria of either block matching or template matching algorithms may lead to the generation of worse predictors. To enhance coding efficiency, a weighted low-rank matrix approximation approach for decoder-side inter-frame prediction is proposed in this paper. By finding dominating block candidates as well as their corresponding importance factors, a predictor for each block is formed. Together with mode decision, the coder can switch to a better mode between the motion compensation by block matching and the proposed template matching scheme which can operate at decoder side.
Rapid, facile synthesis of nitrogen-rich carbon nitride powders (2002)

There is increasing interest in high surface area carbon nitride materials as potential coordinatively active analogs of amorphous carbon systems. It is generally difficult to produce extended carbon structures with high nitrogen contents. This article describes a facile molecular decomposition process that produces bulk quantities of an amorphous nitrogen-rich carbon nitride material, C3N4+x where 0.5 < x < 0.8, in only a few seconds without the use of complex experimental apparatus. The trichloromelamine molecular precursor [(C3N3)(NHCl)3] rapidly decomposes when heated externally above 185 °C or when brought into contact with a heated filament. Morphological studies show that the rapid synthesis process produces a porous, sponge-like material containing spherical nanofeatures (<300 nm). These amorphous carbon nitrides were analyzed by IR, NMR, optical, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which indicate that the carbon centers have primarily sp2 hybridization, triazine (C3N3) rings are retained in the product, and nitrogen species bridge triazines. These C3N4+x materials are also luminescent in the blue region even after annealing to 400 °C. They exhibit thermal and chemical stability with no significant decomposition until 600 °C or reactivity with concentrated aqueous base.
Synthesis of Polycarbonates (1999)

The development of polycarbonate thermoplastic resins evolved as a subset of general polyester chemistry. Since Einhorn's initial solution preparation of resorcinol-and hydroquinone-derived polycarbonates in 1898 [1], research has focused on efficient resin preparation and material properties. This seminal synthetic work used phosgene in a pyridine solution. Einhorn's phosgene procedure was followed in 1902, by the development of a melt transesterification method. Using diphenyl carbonate (DPC) as a phosgene synthon, Bischoff and v. Hedenstroem produced the same materials obtained by Einhorn [2]. Due to the poor solubility of these early resins, the general difficulty in their manipulation (processing), and the limited methods of material characterization available, interest in aromatic polycarbonates waned.
Downregulated miR-195 Detected in Preeclamptic Placenta Affects Trophoblast Cell Invasion via Modulating ActRIIA Expression (2012)

This is the first report on the function of miR-195 in human placental trophoblast cells which reveals an invasion-promoting effect of the small RNA via repressing ActRIIA. Aberrant expression of miR-195 may contribute to the occurrence of preeclampsia through interfering with Activin/Nodal signaling mediated by ActRIIA in human placenta.
Automatic Quality of Experience Management for WLAN Networks using Multi-Armed Bandit (2019)

Providing acceptable Quality of Experience (QoE) in Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is very difficult: home networks are managed by non-technical people, and the proprietary management solutions of enterprise networks usually do not incorporate QoE mechanisms. Due to these difficulties, automatic QoE management mechanisms are welcome. This paper presents control loops capable of changing the power and transmission channels in the WLAN, based on Software Defined Wireless Networks and reinforcement learning, in order to improve user satisfaction for Web applications. A prototype evaluates our proposal in three case studies with a web browsing application, in which several access points are controlled by a central controller or by independent controllers. Our results show that the control loop can improve the Mean Opinion Score (MOS) by at least 4 % in the worst case, and 167 % in the best case, thus benefiting the user. Further, the control loop also reduced in page load time by 25 % in the worst case, and 233 % in the best case.
Study of innovative electric machines for high efficiency vehicular traction applications (2013)

This thesis collects some of the work accomplished during the PhD research activity focused on the study of special electric machines for vehicle traction applications. The work is divided into due parts. The rst part is mainly technological and covers some studies and experimental activities concerning new technical solutions to solve some common issues in operation of electric motors for automotive use, namely ux weakening and cogging torque. The second part has a more theoretical nature and focuses on some methods for electric machine modeling and analysis which has been developed to facilitate the study and design optimizations carried out during the PhD research work.\nThe chapters in the rst part address the following topics:\n1. Development and testing of an interior-permanent-magnet motor prototype fully conceived, designed and manufactured at the University of Trieste to implement a new concept of flux weakening system at high speeds. The concept has been also protected through a pending patent.\n2. Multi-objective design optimization of an interior permanent magnet reluctance-assisted synchronous motor for the automotive industry.\nThe design optimization was meant to support an industrial development project which is still in progress so no prototype has been built yet.\n3. Study of a new optimized magnetic wedge design capable of reducing cogging torque in automotive propulsion motors having open stator slots.\nThe second part proposes some analytical and numerical results that have been worked out to approach the modeling and optimization of various kinds of permanent magnet synchronous motors. The main problem to which these chapters try to answer is to nd suciently fast but accurate methods for permanent magnet analysis without time-consuming finite-element transient analysis. The proposed methods have been successfully integrated into design optimization programs used in the industrial environment in the development of innovative electric machines not only for the automotive industry.
Drop-outs in instrumentation magnetic-tape recording systems (1962)

A method of measuring drop-outs from magnetic-tape recording systems has been designed and built so that quantitative data can be quickly obtained from any tape on any machine and under any condition. Conclusions are made as to the relative effects of tape, machines, reels, recording processes, reproducing processes, environmental dirt, tensions, etc., on the drop-out count. It has been found that drop-out measurements can be used to evaluate tape and machines in regards to wear characteristics, to evaluate tape-cleaning methods, and to determine techniques in handling tape and operating tape machines to minimize drop-out effects both for analog and digital applications.
Using H.264/AVC-Intra for Segmentation-Driven Compound Document Coding (2007)

In this paper we explore H.264/AVC operating in intraframe mode to compress a mixed image, i.e. composed of text, graphics and pictures. Even though mixed contents (compound) documents usually require the use of multiple compressors, we apply a single compressor for both text and pictures. For that, distortion is taken into account differently between text and picture regions. Our approach is to use a segmentation-driven adaptation strategy to change the H.264/ AVC quantization parameter on a macroblock by macroblock basis, i.e. we deviate bits from pictorial regions to text in order to keep text edges sharp. We show results of a segmentation driven quantizer adaptation method applied to compress documents. Our reconstructed images have better text sharpness compared to straight unadapted coding, at negligible visual losses on pictorial regions. Our results also highlight the fact that H.264/AVC-INTRA outperforms coders such as JPEG-2000 as a single coder for compound images.
A high-selectivity native oxide removal process for native oxide free processes (1992)

In this work, the removal of native oxide on monocrystalline Si and poly-Si was investigated. It was found that by reducing the concentration of the HF solution, the loss of thermal oxide and TEOS can be reduced almost to thicknesses which are equivalent to the native oxide thickness which has to be removed. To accelerate the reaction, higher temperatures can be used. In the case of poly-Si, it was found that the etching of the last monolayer of the native oxide is much slower than for monocrystalline Si. In the poly-Si case, this can be easily accelerated by the use of higher temperatures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>