gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Membrane-bound penicillinases in Gram-positive bacteria. (1982)

The penicillinases of Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus are related in structure and cellular localization to one another more closely than they are to penicillinases from Gram-negative organisms. In the latter, penicillinases are almost exclusively found in the periplasm, while the Gram-positive bacteria retain a substantial proportion as hydrophobic membrane-bound forms. We recently showed (Nielsen, J. B. K., Caulfield, M. P., and Lampen, J. O. (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 78, 3511-3515) that B. licheniformis membrane attachment was achieved through a glyceride thioether modification identical to that in several Gram-negative outer membrane proteins. We now report that the membrane penicillinases of S. aureus and B. cereus also possess the modification. We do this by demonstrating isotopic labeling of these forms of [3H]palmitate, by showing that they exhibit the same response to the antibiotic globomycin which appears to inhibit processing steps specifically involving the glyceride thioether in Escherichia coli outer membrane proteins, and lastly by isolating glyceryl cysteine sulfone, the oxidation product of the modified cysteine residue. By comparing the modification-susceptible signal sequences of Gram-positive penicillinases and of Gram-negative outer membrane proteins with those of nonmodified Gram-negative penicillinases, we describe in increased detail the structural features within the signal sequence that allow modification and cleavage resulting in membrane anchorage.
Immunochemical Studies of Human Placental‐Type Variants of Alkaline Phosphatase (1981)

Hyperimmune antisera raised against the rare FD and SD phenotypes of human placental alkaline phosphatase and the related cancer-associated Nagao isoenzyme were exhaustively absorbed with the common SS and FF phenotype enzymes conjugated to Sepharose. The antibodies so obtained had one of three specificities, determined by testing all the common phenotypes of placental alkaline phosphatase, the rare FD, SD and S-17 phenotypes, and five samples of purified cancer patient enzymes: (I) antibodies reactive with the S, D and I variant enzymes, but not with the F, 17 or Nagao enzymes; (II) antibodies reactive with the F, 17 and Nagao enzymes, but not with the S, D, and I variant enzymes; and (III) antibodies reactive with the D, 17 and Nagao enzymes and not with the S, F or I variant enzymes. Based on these data, and on the information obtained from biochemical characterization, it is argued that the Nagao isoenzyme and the D-variant are closely related but distinct enzymes. We propose a hypothetical scheme for the divergence of these two enzymes from a common ancestral gene product. In this scheme, an ancestral gene duplication resulted in two isoenzymes, one of which is completely specific to the placenta, and one of which (the "Nagao isoenzyme") has an unknown normal tissue localization, but is found in some cases of cancer. We use the term "syn-placental" to describe this latter isoenzyme, reflecting its close structural relationship to the placental isoenzyme.
Zinc Chloride Paste for the Debridement of Chronic Leg Ulcers (1990)

Chronic leg ulcers present a difficult therapeutic problem, and their management requires frequent debridement. Thorough debridement of painful or extensive ulcerations is not always possible. Frequently, it must be done in the operating room, a situation accompanied by the potential complications of general anesthesia and by considerable expense. We present evidence for the effectiveness of zinc chloride paste as a relatively painless debriding agent in the management of chronic leg ulcers. When applied to the wound bed, zinc chloride paste fixes the tissue and leads to the formation of an eschar that falls off within a few days, leaving a granulating ulcer suitable for grafting.
Rippability assessment for the proposed open pit gold mine at globe-progress, Reefton, New Zealand (1995)

There are many methods used to predict the rippability of a site, most of which involve using a particular system to rate the rock mass. A preliminary rippability evaluation of a site may be performed by determining the seismic velocity variation within the rock mass. Seismic velocities are used as an estimate of rippability because they are influenced by geological and physical properties of the rock mass. However, a complete rippability evaluation requires rock mass and rock material characterisation as well as data on possible ripping machinery to be used. If the rock mass is rated as being very good rock, then ripping may be difficult. Likewise, if the bulldozer is underpowered, its productivity may be too low and the ripping rate will be slow. Six seismic refraction traverse lines were surveyed at the proposed open pit gold mine at Globe- Progress, near Reefton using a single channel seismograph, then interpreted using the Generalised Reciprocal Method. Combining the seismic velocities found and data on Komatsu's D575A-2 bulldozer, it is estimated that 85% of the pit is rippable, and a further 7.5% is marginal. This means that 7.5% of the open pit area is unlikely to be rippable. However, further seismic refraction surveys, as well as a complete rock mass classification, need to be done to provide a three-dimensional site model and to clearly identify the rippable, marginal and non-rippable zones.
Spot size effects in miniaturized moving-optical-wedge interferometer (2011)

In this paper we study the effect of diffraction on the performance of a miniaturized moving-optical-wedge interferometer. By using the Gaussian model, we calculate the degradation of the interferometer visibility due to diffraction effects. We use this model to optimize the detector size required to obtain maximum visibility and study its effect on resolution of Fourier transform spectrometers based on a moving-optical-wedge interferometer. A comparison between these effects in Michelson and wedge interferometers is also presented showing the advantage of the moving-optical-wedge interferometer in suppressing the diffraction effects with respect to the Michelson interferometer.
Vision-based markerless registration using stereo vision and an augmented reality surgical navigation system: a pilot study (2015)

Teeth were successfully used for registration via 3D image (contour) matching. This system, without using references or fiducial markers, displayed 3D-CT images in real space with high accuracy. The system provided real-time markerless registration and 3D image matching via stereo vision, which, combined with AR, could have significant clinical applications.
The Early Effect of the Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass on Hormones Involved in Body Weight Regulation and Glucose Metabolism (2004)

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass determines considerable hormonal changes before significant BMI changes take place. These results support the hypothesis of an endocrine effect as the possible mechanism of action of RYGB.
STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF POLLINATION ON THE YIELD AND RESIN CONTENT OF HOPS (<i>HUMULUS LUPULUS</i>L.) (1976)

Pollination trials in otherwise male-free hop gardens are described. The results showed that a reduction in cone yield of up to 30% may be expected from seedless hops, but an increase in α-acid content of the cones more or less compensates for this yield reduction and the yield of α-acid per acre can be almost as high from seedless as seeded hops. Northern Brewer, in particular, performed better than other varieties when grown seedless but most of the high α-acid varieties gave reasonable results. It is suggested that the variation in response may depend on the number of resin glands present on the seeds of the different varieties, and differences in the distribution of resin glands on other parts of the cone.
Enhancement of Schottky solar cell efficiency above its semiempirical limit (1975)

Geometries are described for increasing the efficiency of Schottky solar cells above the theoretical limits recently calculated. The ultimate conversion efficiencies for the new cells are the same as for p-n junction devices. With present technology, improvements of over 50% above the old limits are possible.
Six-Axis Vibration Isolation System Using Soft Actuators and Multiple Sensors (2002)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Phase Formation and Morphology of Nickel Silicide Thin Films Synthesized by Catalyzed Chemical Vapor Reaction of Nickel with Silane (2014)

The synthesis of nickel silicide thin films via a vapor–solid reaction has been studied by exposing thin (10 nm) Ni films to silane (SiH4). The crystalline phases, the Ni/Si stoichiometric ratios, as well as the surface and interface properties of the resulting silicide films were investigated as a function of the growth parameters such as the SiH4 partial pressure, the reaction temperature, and the exposure time. At low temperature (300 °C), SiH4 exposure led to the self-limiting deposition of Si on Ni by catalytic decomposition of SiH4 but not to silicate formation. Between 350 and 400 °C, phase pure orthorhombic NiSi films were obtained that were formed directly without any apparent intermediate Ni-rich silicide phases. A transformation to NiSi2 occurred at 450 °C and above, and at 500 °C phase pure NiSi2 was obtained. Here, the transient formation of NiSi was observed that transformed into NiSi2 for prolonged SiH4 exposure. The results indicate that the Si solubility governs the phase formation sequence whereas kinetics are determined by Ni diffusion and the reaction rate. Resistivity values of 21 and 36 μΩ cm were found for the NiSi and NiSi2 thin films, respectively, corresponding to the values reported for films obtained by solid-state reactions.
Unilateral Traumatic Carotid-Cavernous Fistula with Bilateral Ocular Manifestations Treated by Transvascular Embolization-A Case Report (2008)

Purpose: To report a case of unilateral traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula (TCCF) with bilateral ocular manifestations treated with transvascular embolization.
Method: Interventional case report
Result: A 48-year-old female suffered from a traffic accident and complained of blurred vision in the right eye three weeks after head trauma. The best- corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 6/30 in the right eye and no light perception in the left eye due to coincident retrobulbar hematoma. Ocular examinations disclosed bilateral proptosis, elevated intraocular pressure, corkscrew conjunctival vessels with severe chemosis, ophthalmoplegia and retinal venous dilatetion. There were exposure keratopathy and pallor disc in the left eye. Orbital computed tomography showed engorgement of bilateral cavernous sinuses and superior ophthalmic veins. Carotid angiogram confirmed the evidence of right TCCF. Transarterial embolization was subsequently performed. The BCVA improved to 6/6 in the right eye with great resolution of bilateral ocular presentations.
Conclusion: TCCF is one of the sequelae following head injuries and unilateral TCCF can cause bilateral, asymmetrical ocular complications. Transvascular embolization is current standard therapy to preserve visual acuity and relieve associated ischemic ocular complications.
Study of traveling wave tubular linear induction motors (2005)

In this paper, we review some major research results in traveling wave tubular linear induction motors technology, based on "open literature" publications, which were obtained in the world in the last decades. One database analysis shows that coil launchers are covered in 68 of over 1000 electromagnetic launcher papers published, referred to 53 of them in this paper. The research program includes studies of history, types, applications, theories and analysis, design, and power conditioning of coil launchers with emphasizing on traveling wave induction (linear induction launcher) one. In the theories and analysis section, a preview is given of current sheet model, current filament model, finite element method, and wavelet transform. In the design section, local and global optimisation algorithms and designing results is reviewed. In the final section, we review power conditioning of capacitor driven coilguns and generator driven coilguns, and concepts of "magnetic flux compression" for generating pulses required to efficiently drive the coil launchers and "double-fed induction launchers".
Subtyping Clinical Specimens of Influenza A Virus by Use of a Simple Method To Amplify RNA Targets (2013)

This work presents the clinical application of a robust and unique approach for RNA amplification, called a simple method for amplifying RNA targets (SMART), for the detection and identification of subtypes of H1N1 pandemic, H1N1 seasonal, and H3N2 seasonal influenza virus. While all the existing amplification techniques rely on the diffusion of two molecules to complex RNA structures, the SMART achieves fast and efficient amplification via single-molecule diffusion. The SMART utilizes amplifiable single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) probes, which serve as reporter molecules for capturing specific viral RNA (vRNA) sequences and are subsequently separated on a microfluidic chip under zero-flow conditions. The probe amplification and detection are performed using an isothermal (41°C) amplification scheme via a modified version of nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA). In our study, 116 consecutive, deidentified, clinical nasopharyngeal swab samples were analyzed independently in a blinded fashion using the SMART, reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), antigen (Ag) testing, and viral culture. The SMART was shown to have a limit of detection (LOD) of approximately 10(5) vRNA copies/ml, corresponding with a time-to-positivity (TTP) value of 70 min for real-time detection. The SMART correctly detected influenza virus in 98.3% of the samples with a subtyping accuracy of 95.7%. This work demonstrates that the SMART represents a highly accurate diagnostic platform for the detection and subtyping of influenza virus in clinical specimens and offers significant advantages over the current commercially available diagnostic tools.
Decreased microRNA‐142‐3p/5p expression causes CD4+ T cell activation and B cell hyperstimulation in systemic lupus erythematosus (2012)

The results of this study indicate that reduced expression of miR-142-3p/5p in the CD4+ T cells of patients with SLE causes T cell activity and B cell hyperstimulation.
Inductive power transfer for auxiliary power of medium voltage converters (2015)

An inductive power transfer system is designed to supply the auxiliary power of a medium voltage converter. The design is optimized with respect to voltage stability, efficiency, component stress and simplicity. The system is operated without control feedback and achieves constant voltage for varying load by careful selection of component values of the series-series compensated inductive power transfer circuit. This paper includes a detailed discussion of the operation principle, measurement results and sensitivity analysis.
Formation of an electric dipole at metal-semiconductor interfaces (2001)

The insensitivity of experimentally observed Schottky barrier height (SBH) to the metal work function, a phenomenon known as Fermi level pinning, has traditionally been attributed to the presence of interface states in the band gap of the semiconductor. A recent theory showed that the polarization of the chemical bonds at metal semiconductor interfaces could quantitatively account for the experimentally observed strength of Fermi level pinning on different semiconductors, without regard to the actual distribution of gap states. This bond polarization theory thus provides a coherent explanation of the Fermi level pinning effect, on the one hand, and the experimentally observed dependence of the SBH on interface structure, on the other hand. The method used in this theory, the electrochemical potential equalization method hitherto employed only in molecular physics, and its limitations are here discussed in detail, especially in the context of application to solid interfaces. Similarities and differences between this theory and the metal induced gap state theory are also discussed.
Fluorescence enzyme immunoassay for insulin using peroxidase-tyramine-hydrogen peroxide. (1979)

A method for the enzyme immunoassay of insulin is described. Insulin was conjugated with horseradish peroxidase by the periodate oxidation method. Separation of the bound and free fractions was accomplished by a double-antibody solid phase method using Sepharose 4B-anti-rabbit IgG goat IgG. The amount of bound enzyme-labelled insulin was determined by measuring the fluorescence developed after incubation with tyramine and hydrogen peroxide. Tyramine was a better fluorogenic substrate for the determination of peroxidase activity homovanilic acid. Insulin levels in serum could be measured over the range of 2.5 to 160 μU/ml, which is similar to that of insulin radioimmunoassay. Insulin values in 34 serum samples were determined using this method and RIA. A good correlation (γ=0.89) was obtained. The coefficient of variation was 0.6-2.6%. The method is roughly equivalent to RIA with respect to sensitivity. EIA largely overcomes the problems of RIA because there is no radiation hazard or disposal difficulties. Moreover, the laboratory equipment required is relatively inexpensive and readily available, while the label enzyme, HRP, is reasonably price and has a long shelf life. The enzyme immunoassay of insulin described in this paper should make it possible to perform routine assays even in laboratories with limited facilities.
The Human Protein Atlas as a proteomic resource for biomarker discovery (2011)

The analysis of tissue-specific expression at both the gene and protein levels is vital for understanding human biology and disease. Antibody-based proteomics provides a strategy for the systematic generation of antibodies against all human proteins to combine with protein profiling in tissues and cells using tissue microarrays, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. The Human Protein Atlas project was launched in 2003 with the aim of creating a map of protein expression patterns in normal cells, tissues and cancer. At present, 11,200 unique proteins corresponding to over 50% of all human protein-encoding genes have been analysed. All protein expression data, including underlying high-resolution images, are published on the free and publically available Human Protein Atlas portal (http://www.proteinatlas.org). This database provides an important source of information for numerous biomedical research projects, including biomarker discovery efforts. Moreover, the global analysis of how our genome is expressed at the protein level has provided basic knowledge on the ubiquitous expression of a large proportion of our proteins and revealed the paucity of cell- and tissue-type-specific proteins.
View-based Access Control Model (VACM) for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) (1998)

This document describes the View-based Access Control Model for use in the SNMP architecture [RFC2271].It defines the Elements of Procedure for controlling access to management information.This document also includes a MIB for remotely managing the configuration parameters for the View-based Access Control Model.Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2 1.2.Access Control 3 1.3.Local Configuration Datastore 3 2. Elements of the Model 3 2.1.Groups 3 2.2.securityLevel 4 2.3.Contexts 4 2.4.MIB Views and View Families 4 2.4.1.View Subtree 5 Wijnen, et.al. Standards Track [Page 1]
Web crawlers compared (2006)

Tools for the assessment of the quality and reliability of Web applications are based on the possibility of downloading the target of the analysis. This is achieved through Web crawlers, which can automatically navigate within a Web site and perform proper actions (such as download) during the visit. The most important performance indicators for a Web crawler are its completeness and robustness, measuring respectively the ability to visit the Web site entirely and without errors. The variety of implementation languages and technologies used for Web site development makes these two indicators hard to maximize. We conducted an evaluation study, in which we tested several of the available Web crawlers.
Progress in Quantum Dot Lasers: 1100 nm, 1300 nm, and High Power Applications (2000)

Quantum dot (QD) lasers have decisive advantages compared to quantum well lasers. Zero-dimensional charge carrier localization and reduction of charge carrier diffusion result in reduced non-radiative surface recombination and thus possibly reduced facet overheating and larger catastrophic optical damage (COD) threshold, crucial for high power operation. The emission wavelengths of 1100 nm–1300 nm are easily realized using QDs on GaAs substrate, not available with traditional quantum wells of the same material system. We present results on metal-organic chemical vapor phase deposition (MOCVD) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) grown high power QD lasers (up to 4 W front facet cw) based on InGaAs QDs on GaAs substrate
Image mosaicing for tele-reality applications (2002)

This paper presents some techniques for automatically deriving realistic 2-D scenes and 3-D geometric models from video sequences. These techniques can be used to build environments and 3-D models for virtual reality application based on recreating a true scene, i.e., tele-reality applications. The fundamental technique used in this paper is image mosaicing, i.e., the automatic alignment of multiple images into larger aggregates which are then used to represent portions of a 3-D scene. The paper first examines the easiest problems, those of flat scene and panoramic scene mosaicing. It then progresses to more complicated scenes with depth, and concludes with full 3-D models. The paper also discusses a number of novel applications based on tele-reality technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mannich reactions of carbonyl compounds and enamines with benzotriazole as the NH component (1994)

Abstract Boron trifluoride catalyses reactions of 1‐(hydroxymethyl)benzotriazole with ketones to give predominantly monosubstituted Mannich products. In unsymmetrical ketones, a methylene is slightly more reactive than a methyl group. For 1,3‐diketones and diethyl malonate, substitution occurs on the central methylene group. β‐Aminocrotononitrile and β‐aminocrotonate undergo Mannich condensations with benzotri‐azole and formaldehyde without any catalyst. Preliminary investigations of the reactivity of the Mannich bases thus obtained are reported.