gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deformable registration for integration of MRI/MRSI information in TRUS-guided prostate biopsy (2005)

Prostate cancer has been ranked as the second leading cause of cancer death in men. The existence of cancer in prostate is usually examined by a biopsy procedure under the transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guidance. Development of a prostate biopsy robotics can alleviate urologists' labor and guarantee accuracy. However, it is usually impossible to identify cancer region in the noisy ultrasound images, thus leading to a random biopsy protocol for prostate. It is being recognized that Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Imaging (MRSI) techniques are potential to diagnose cancer distribution in prostate. So navigating the biopsy needle towards those cancer-suspected sites could improve the cancer detection rate and reduce the possibility of false negative diagnosis results. As the prostate usually deforms under the different rectal filling of probes and change of patient postures, a deformable registration scheme is implemented for the integration of the pre-operative MRI/MRSI information with the intra-operative TRUS images. A framework including a global rigid alignment and a sequent non-rigid transformation was described in this paper to match the cross-modal prostate surfaces and thereafter their volumes. For validation, an elastic prostate phantom that simulated the human condition was built up, with fiducial markers implanted inside the phantom prostate as the "ground truth". It shows that our method can achieve at least 30% improvement in accuracy compared with an affine transformation. Preliminary study was also conducted on patient data but with visual assessments presented only due to the current lack of "ground truth".
A study of the mechanisms for ESD damage to reticles (2001)

Reticles were exposed to the fringing field from an electrode biased to a high voltage. The reticles in the study included reticles designed to benchmark the electrostatic damage (ESD) hazard of photobay and production reticles of a variety of feature sizes. It was found that without any electrical contact between the reticle and the electrode, reticle damage could be done. A wide bandwidth transient-electromagnetic interference (EMI) sensing antenna revealed that the reticle sparked when a voltage as low as 2000 V was applied to the electrode. The tests showed that the ESD threshold of reticles with smaller feature sizes was lower than for reticles with larger feature sizes. Reticles were scanned under optical and atomic force microscopes for reticle damage. It was found that when the voltage was ramped to 17 kV and returned to zero, damage to the reticle was observed. When a voltage of 7.5 kV was applied once, no damage was observed but when it was applied 100 times, reticle damage was observed. This study confirms that ESD damage is done to a reticle by charged objects in the vicinity of the reticle in contrast with the prevailing belief that reticle damage is done only by charge on reticles. The study also showed that reticles can be sufficiently damaged to cause printing errors due to the accumulated damage caused by repeated low level exposure to the fringing field of a charged object in the vicinity of the reticle.
Effectiveness of Base in Prism for Presbyopes with Convergence Insufficiency (2009)

The progressive addition glasses with BI-prism were found to be effective in alleviating symptoms of presbyopes with symptomatic CI.
Molecular Cloning of the Mature NAD+-dependent Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase from Rat and Human (1995)

Three rat brain cDNA clones approximately 3500, 1465, and 1135 base pairs in length encoding succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH; EC 1.2.1.24) were isolated from two cDNA libraries using a polymerase chain reaction derived probe. Restriction mapping and DNA sequencing revealed that the 3.5-kilobase clone contained an 84-base pair (28 amino acid) insert in the coding region. Composite clones encoding mature SSADH predicted proteins with 488 amino acids (M(r) = 52,188) when including the insert and 460 amino acids (M(r) = 48,854) without the insert. The cDNA clones were confirmed by expression of enzyme activity in bacteria and protein sequence data obtained from sequencing purified rat brain SSADH. Two human liver SSADH cDNA clones of 1091 and 899 base pairs were also isolated. Human and rat SSADH share 83 and 91% identity in nucleotide and protein sequence, respectively. Northern blot analysis revealed two differentially expressed SSADH transcripts of approximately 2.0 and 6.0 kilobases in both rat and human tissues. Human genomic Southern blots indicate that the two SSADH transcripts are encoded by a greater than 20-kilobase single copy gene. Mammalian SSADH contains significant homology to bacterial NADP(+)-succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.16) and conserved regions of general aldehyde dehydrogenases (EC 1.2.1.3), suggesting it is a member of the aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily of proteins.
Exploiting native XML indexing techniques for XML retrieval in relational database systems (2005)

In XML retrieval, two distinct approaches have been established and pursued without much cross-fertilization taking place so far. On the one hand, native XML databases tailored to the semistructured data model have received considerable attention, and a wealth of index structures, join algorithms, tree encodings and query rewriting techniques for XML have been proposed. On the other hand, the question how to make XML fit the relational data model has been studied in great detail, giving rise to a multitude of storage schemes for XML in relational database systems (RDBSs). In this paper we examine how native XML indexing techniques can boost the retrieval of XML stored in an RDBS. We present the Relational CADG (RCADG), an adaptation of several native indexing approaches to the relational model, and show how it supports the evaluation of a clean formal language of conjunctive XML queries. Unlike relational storage schemes for XML, the RCADG largely preserves the underlying tree structure of the data in the RDBS, thus addressing several open problems known from the literature. Experiments show that the RCADG accelerates retrieval by up to two or even three orders of magnitude compared to both native and relational approaches.
Wet oxidation of ammonia catalyzed by cerium-based composite oxides (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWet oxidation of ammonia catalyzed by cerium-based composite oxidesSeiichiro Imamura, Akira Doi, and Shingo IshidaCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1985, 24, 1, 75–80Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i300017a014https://doi.org/10.1021/i300017a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views700Altmetric-Citations145LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
[Study on changes of intraocular pressure within 24 hours in primary open angle glaucoma and normal eyes]. (2011)

By comparison and analysis, 24-hour intraocular pressure measurement could provide us pre-treatment basic state, so as to provide detailed information for individualized treatment. If possible, it is suggested that 24-hour IOP monitoring should be added as a routine examination of primary open angle glaucoma.
The Leadership Group: Motivating Older Campers at Union League Boys and Girls Club Camp. (1990)

The multidimensionality of the stress response has shown the complexity of this phenomenon and therefore the impossibility of finding a unique biomarker among the physiological variables related to stress. An experimental study was designed and performed to guarantee the correct synchronous and concurrent measure of psychometric tests, biochemical variables and physiological features related to acute emotional stress. The population studied corresponds to a group of 120 university students between 20 and 30 years of age, with healthy habits and without a diagnosis of chronic or psychiatric illnesses. Following the protocol of the experimental pilot, each participant reached a relaxing state and a stress state in two sessions of measurement for equivalent periods. Both states are correctly achieved evidenced by the psychometric test results and the biochemical variables. A Stress Reference Scale is proposed based on these two sets of variables. Then, aiming for a non-invasive and continuous approach, the Acute Stress Model correlated to the previous scale is also proposed, supported only by physiological signals. Preliminary results support the feasibility of measuring/quantifying the stress level. Although the results are limited to the population and stimulus type, the procedure and methodological analysis used for the assessment of acute stress in young people can be extrapolated to other populations and types of stress.
EXPLOITING CELLULAR BIOLOGY TO MANUFACTURE HIGH-VALUE PRODUCTS (2006)

he biotechnology industry is expanding rapidly due to advances in understanding complex biological systems and the high demand for biologically manufactured products such as foods and beverages, pharmaceuticals, and commodity and specialty chemicals. The impact of the biotechnology industry on the global economy is substantial. The revenues of the top ten U.S. pharmaceutical manufacturers totaled US$217 billion in 2002 with profits of US$36 billion [1]. A growing biotechnology market is the large scale production of ethanol as a renewable liquid fuel. The production of ethanol in 1998 was 31.2 billion liters worldwide and 6.4 billion liters in the United States with roughly two-thirds of the ethanol produced targeted for biofuel applications [2]. A typical biochemical manufacturing process consists of a reaction step in which a large number of cells are used to synthesize the desired product followed by a series of separation steps, in which the product is recovered from constituents of the reaction liquid. The key requirement for the manufacturing process is the identification of a cell type that converts a relatively inexpensive chemical species to the desired biochemical product. Advances in recombinant DNA technology facilitate the design of
Actes des États généraux: Recherches dans les dépôts du Nord de la France (1959)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
On the Relation Between Somatic Evoked Potentials and Fields (1981)

Recently Okada et al. (1981) reported that stimulation of the median nerve with a brief electrical impulse at the wrist evoked a transient change in the brain's magnetic field. This somatic evoked field (SEF) is similar in its temporal waveform to the response to the same stimulus reported for the electrical potential recorded on the pial surface of the exposed brain. Moreover, both measures differ substantially from the somatic evoked potential (SEP) recorded at the scalp. The present paper describes a more detailed account of the SEF as well as an analysis of its relation to the SEP and to the somatic pial response (SPR). Its purpose of the use the three measures in clarifying our understanding of the nature and locations of sources of the SEF. This paper is divided into three sections. The first is a background section which reviews basic principles and models that are widely used in deducing the locations of sources of evoked potentials and fields. It indicates the types of currents which may give rise to the SEF, and distinguishes between them and the current which is associated with the SEP. It concludes with a rationale for the experiments described in the next section. The experiments described in the second section determined how the SEF varies with the position from which it is recorded at the scalp. These variations turn out to be essential to our understanding of the nature and location of the sources of the SEF. The third section summarizes the results of the experiments and makes clear how they affect theories of the origin of the SEF. The findings also have implications for our understanding of the SEP and SPR. The most salient findings are: (1) The SEF recorded normal to the head provides essentially the same information as that provided by reported potential recordings from the exposed surface of the brain (the SPR). (2) The SEF originates in the cortex of the cerebrum in the vicinity of the central sulcus. (3) The currents that account for identifiable components of the SEF are opposite in direction to those that account for corresponding components of the SPR. This result is consistent with models that ascribe the detected field normal to the scalp to intracellular currents, whereas the VEP is associated with extracellular currents flowing in the opposite direction.
Structure and chromosomal location of the mouse interleukin‐12 p35 and p40 subunit genes (1996)

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of p35 and p40 subunits and is required for induction of T helper 1 (Th1) responses. Knowledge of how the IL-12 gene is regulated will permit an understanding of susceptibility and resistance to pathogenic microbes and to autoiummune diseases. In this report, we provide the gene structures, nucleotide sequences and chromosomal assignment for the p35 and p40 subunits of mouse IL-12. The p35 and p40 subunit genes are distributed over 8 kb and 14 kb, and map to chromosomes 3 and 11, respectively. The p35 subunit gene consists of eight exons, including a 5'-noncoding exon that was defined by sequence comparison of genomic DNA with the 5'ends of novel cDNA molecules. Transcription of p35 mRNA can start from the first exon but can also initiate further downstream. Potential transcription regulatory elements, AP1, AP2, AP3, NF-kB and GATA recognition sequences, are located within 523 bp upstream of the p35 gene; however, no TATA box was identified. The p40 subunit gene consists of eight exons. A TATA box is located 30 bp upstream from the transcription start site, and AP1, AP3, GATA, and Pu.1 recognition sequences are located within 690 bp upstream of the p40 gene. An AGTTTCTACTTT sequence, which acts as an interferon-gamma response element in the promoter of the major histocompatibility complex class I gene, was also found upstream of the p40 gene.
Electromechanical film sensor device for dynamic force recordings from canine limbs (2019)

An equipment based on the electromechanical film (EMF) sensors was designed for the measurementof forces acting upon canine limbs. EMF forms an elastic electret, which generates on its surface an electric charge proportional to the the force applied on it. The EMF sensors were calibrated using a conventional material testing device with cyclic loads. The beagles were trained on a treadmill working at horizontal position or with either 15° uphill or downhill inclination. The treadmill belt speed varied from 2.5 km/h to 7.5 km/h. The force under the canine paws varied depending on the inclination of the treadmill. When the dogs ran uphill, weight-bearing on hind1imbs increased 11% but the weight-bearing 0n forelimbs did not change. Downhill running increased weight-bearing on forelimbs by 8% and decreased weight-bcaring of the hindlimbs by 5%. Immobilization of the right hind] imb increased weightbearing on both forelimbs by 7-25% and on the left hindlimb by 56%. One month after a 30° valgus osteotomy operation at the right tibia, the dynamic force recorded From the operated hindlimb was 69% of the control value. Three months after osteotomy, the weight-bearing of the operated limb approached normal situation. Our results suggest that the EMF sensor is a reliable method for the measurement of dynamic forces acting on the weight-bearing limbs of the dogs.
102 Manufacturing Class Using Machining Center (2009)

There is an effort under way among universities and other educational institutions for opening their facilities to elementary and lower secondary school children so that they may experience manufacturing and machining. Their expectation is that holding open classes may give school children an opportunity to touch machine tools, arousing their interest in and developing understanding on manufacturing skills and technology. Having them use machine tools and CAD/CAM systems, however, requires man-to-man instructions, and it is difficult to enroll many participants. To solve this problem, simple CAD/CAM software was developed targeting at elementary and lower secondary school children. This paper describes how the software was used in a manufacturing class for parents and children and was verified for its effectiveness.
Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra of Fatty Acids and their Application to Chemical Problems. (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleUltraviolet Absorption Spectra of Fatty Acids and their Application to Chemical Problems.G. O. Burr and E. S. MillerCite this: Chem. Rev. 1941, 29, 2, 419–438Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60093a012https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60093a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1268Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Inhibition (2015)

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) plays an important role in the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis. By binding to hepatic low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors and promoting their lysosomal degradation, PCSK9 reduces LDL uptake, leading to an increase in LDL cholesterol concentrations. Gain-of-function mutations in PCSK9 associated with high LDL cholesterol and premature cardiovascular disease have been causally implicated in the pathophysiology of autosomal-dominant familial hypercholesterolemia. In contrast, the more commonly expressed loss-of-function mutations in PCSK9 are associated with reduced LDL cholesterol and cardiovascular disease risk. The development of therapeutic approaches that inhibit PCSK9 function has therefore attracted considerable attention from clinicians and the pharmaceutical industry for the management of hypercholesterolemia and its associated cardiovascular disease risk. This review summarizes the effects of PCSK9 on hepatic and intestinal lipid metabolism and the more recently explored functions of PCSK9 in extrahepatic tissues. Therapeutic approaches that prevent interaction of PCSK9 with hepatic LDL receptors (monoclonal antibodies, mimetic peptides), inhibit PCSK9 synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum (antisense oligonucleotides, siRNAs), and interfere with PCSK9 function (small molecules) are also described. Finally, clinical trials testing the safety and efficacy of monoclonal antibodies to PCSK9 are reviewed. These have shown dose-dependent decreases in LDL cholesterol (44%-65%), apolipoprotein B (48%-59%), and lipoprotein(a) (27%-50%) without major adverse effects in various high-risk patient categories, including those with statin intolerance. Initial reports from 2 of these trials have indicated the expected reduction in cardiovascular events. Hence, inhibition of PCSK9 holds considerable promise as a therapeutic option for decreasing cardiovascular disease risk.
Wavelength demultiplexing by beam shifting using a dielectric stack as a one-dimensional photonic crystal (2002)

We have demonstrated wavelength separation using a dielectric stack, and suggest that this fundamental property of one-dimensional photonic crystals can be exploited to create a compact, highly dispersive device for WDM. In contrast to previously suggested devices, this one-dimensional structure is simple and inexpensive to fabricate and is made from readily available materials. Additionally, because of the inherent scalability of photonic crystal properties, such a device could be designed for use at any wavelength of interest. We note also that it is not essential that the device be periodic. Many other layered structures with substantial group velocity dispersion would appear to be possible.
A process-independent run-to-run controller and its application to chemical-mechanical planarization (2002)

The controller design utilizes a Generic Cell Controller (GCC) enabler; thus it is process-independent, and the controller implementation software exhibits a high degree of portability, flexibility, robustness, and reusability. The design also includes a multi-branch R2R control scheme that can incorporate any number of controller algorithms in a complementary fashion. Further, it provides support for data collection, R2R recipe optimization and control, and recipe advice download. The controller implementation is largely hardware and software independent; its operation has been demonstrated on SUN SPARC, Intel 486 and Pentium, and HP PA-RISC platforms. It has a capability to incorporate in dynamic fashion (i.e., during run-time) any number of software modules existing on any of the aforementioned platforms within a distributed environment, resulting in a truly dynamic and distributed solution. The implementation was initially applied to the control of a reactive ion etcher (RIE). More recently it has also been successfully applied to the R2R control of a CMP tool, thus demonstrating process independence. The latter application utilizes a "gradual mode" MIMO linear approximation control algorithm developed at MIT, enhanced to support parameter weighting and advice parameter granularity. Recent results indicate that good control of removal rate with fair control of uniformity has been achieved. Current efforts are focused on development of additional algorithm "branches" to complement the gradual mode control, and on the reduction of process variance through real-time equipment monitoring.