gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Particle Size in Tablets by Raman Chemical Imaging Validated using Polystyrene Microsphere Size Standards (2014)

Particle size is a critical parameter for controlling pharmaceutical quality. The aim of this study was to assess the size of the micrometer-scale active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) in tablets using Raman chemical imaging and to understand the effects of formulation on particle size. Model tablets containing National Institute of Standards and Technology traceable polystyrene microsphere size standards were developed to determine the binarization threshold value of Raman chemical images for API particle sizing in specific formulations and processes. Three sets of model tablets containing 5, 10, and 15 μm polystyrene microspheres, used to mimic API, were prepared using a commercial tablet formulation (Ebastel tablets, mean API particle size was about 5 μm). Raman mapping with a 50× objective (NA, 0.75) was applied to tablet cross-sections, and particle size of polystyrene microspheres was estimated from binary images using several binarization thresholds. Mean particle size for three sets of polystyrene microspheres showed good agreement between pre- and postformulation (the slope = 1.024, R = 1.000) at the specific threshold value ((mean + 0.5σ) of the polystyrene-specific peak intensity histogram), regardless of particle agglomeration, tablet surface roughness, and laser penetration depth. The binarization threshold value showed good applicability to Ebastel tablets, where the API-specific peak intensity histogram showed a pattern similar to that of polystyrene microspheres in model tablets. The model tablets enabled determination of an appropriate binarization threshold for assessing the mean particle size of micrometer-scale API in tablets by utilizing the unique physicochemical properties of polystyrene microspheres.
Design of the Cochlear Prosthesis: Effects of the Flow of Current in the Implanted Ear (1980)

When structures within the temporal bone are stimulated electrically it is desirable to maximize the dynamic range of the stimulus. The maximum dynamic range of electrical stimulus seems to be found when the threshold of stimulation is minimum. The minimum threshold of stimulus is likely to be reached when the electrical current that flow through regions containing excitable cells is maximized. By implanting electrodes throughout the temporal bone, it is possible to apply electrical currents to the ear and to measure the distributions of current flowing within the ear. The results of these measurements demonstrate that when current flow is directed outside the scala tympani, lower thresholds can be obtained. Frequency dependence of the paths of current flow cannot be used to explain the frequency dependence of the frequency-threshold functions measured in animals.
Alliteration in Culture (2011)

Acknowledgements Notes on Contributors Introduction: Key topics in the study of alliteration J.Roper Love, Silver and the Devil: Alliteration in English Place-Names J.Harte Alliteration in English-language Versions of Current Widespread European Idioms and Proverbs F.C.Williams Alliteration in Inaugural Addresses: From George Washington to Barack Obama H.Halmari Purposely to Please the Palates of Pretty Prattling Playfellows P.Cowdell Dealing Dooms: Alliteration in the Old Frisian Laws R.H.Bremmer Jr Restrictions on Alliteration and Rhyme in Contemporary Swedish Personal Names with an Old Germanic Retrospect L.Hagasen Alliteration in the 'Prymskvida' and in Chamisso's German translation L.Naiditch Alliteration in Iceland: From the Edda to Modern Verse and Pop Lyrics K.Arnason Alliteration Involving /s/ in the History of Icelandic poetry R.I.Adalsteinsson Alliteration in Mongol Poetry G.Kara Around Analysis and Hypothesis of Hungarian Alliteration V.Voigts Alliteration in (Balto-) Finnic Languages Frog & E.Stepanova Alliteration in Somali Poetry M.Orwin Alliteration in Sign Language Poetry M.Kaneko Index
Evaluation of the clinical and histological effectiveness ofisotretinoin in the therapy of oral leukoplakia. Ten years ofexperience: Is management still up to date and effective? (2006)

Various studies have evaluated the therapeutic effectiveness of vitamin A derivatives in the treatment of oral leukoplakia (OL). Not all the studies have shown concordant results. The aim of our study, which has a 10-year follow-up, was to test the effectiveness of topical therapy based on 0.18% isotretinoin by comparing it with that most frequently used, i.e., at 0.05% concentration. Forty patients with an established diagnosis of OL were involved in the study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups and the drug was administered topically at 0.05% and 0.18% concentrations. The drug was applied twice a day for 3 consecutive months; then it was suspended for 1 month, and the biopsy sample was repeated for the histological follow-up. The higher concentration of the drug, according to the same protocol, was administered to patients who did not benefit from the lower concentration. The results showed a significant reduction in lesions (85%), with no documented topical or systemic adverse reactions at 0.18% concentration. A significant reduction of the aggressiveness of the disease and the disappearance of dysplastic phenomena were observed histologically. The proposed therapeutic protocol was effective toward highly active oral leukoplakia with dysplastic phenomena, and therefore at higher risk of malignant progression.
Evolution of the selenoproteome in<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>and Epsilonproteobacteria (2015)

By competing for the acquisition of essential nutrients, Helicobacter pylori has the unique ability to persist in the human stomach, also causing nutritional insufficiencies in the host. Although the H. pylori genome apparently encodes selenocysteine synthase (SelA, HP1513), a key pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme for the incorporation of selenium into bacterial proteins, nothing is known about the use of this essential element in protein synthesis by this pathogen. We analyzed the evolution of the complete machinery for incorporation of selenium into proteins and the selenoproteome of several H. pylori strains and related Epsilonproteobacteria. Our searches identified the presence of selenoproteins-including the previously unknown DUF466 family-in various Epsilonproteobacteria, but not in H. pylori. We found that a complete system for selenocysteine incorporation was present in the Helicobacteriaceae ancestor and has been recently lost before the split of Helicobacter acinonychis and H. pylori. Our results indicate that H. pylori, at variance with other gastric and enterohepatic Helicobacter, does not use selenocysteine in protein synthesis and does not use selenium for tRNA wobble base modification. However, selA has survived as a functional gene, having lost the domain for the binding of selenocysteine tRNA, but maintaining the ability to bind the PLP cofactor. The evolutionary modifications described for the SelA protein of H. pylori find parallels in other bacterial and archaeal species, suggesting that an alternative enzymatic function is hidden in many proteins annotated as selenocysteinyl-tRNA synthase.
Dendritic and spinal pathology of the Purkinje cells from the human cerebellar vermis in Alzheimer's disease. (2013)

The morphological and morphometric estimation of the dendrites and the dendritic spines of the Purkinje cells from the inferior surface of the cerebellar hemispheres in Alzheimer's disease brains revealed substantial alterations of the dendritic arborization and marked loss of the dendritic spines, which may be related to cognitive impairment and motor deficits in Alzheimer's disease.
Surgical treatment of 38 cases with Stanford type A aortic dissection (2012)

Objective:To summarize the clinical experience,operative technique and complications of surgical treatment for Stanford type A aortic dissention. Method:The study reviewed 38 patients with Stanford type A aortic dissention from Jan 2001 to Jun 2011.Twenty-seven cases recieved replacement of ascending aorta and aortic root(Bentall) operations,6 cases received replacement of ascending aorta and aortic valve(Wheat) operations,3 cases recieved replacement of ascending,and 2 cases received Bentall combined mitral valve replacement. Result:There was no perioperative death.The postoperative complications included thoracotomy to stop bleeding in 2 patients,acute renal failure in 3 patients,wound infection in 3 patients and mental disorders in 3 patients.During the 2 months to 7 years follow-up for 22 patients,there was 1 death and the other 21 had a high quality life. Conclusion:Surgical treatment is extremely important for Stanford type A aortic dissention.Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and selected cerebral perfusion effectively reduced the incidence of neurologic complications.Aorto atrial shunts decreased the bleeding and was simple and easy to perform.
Isobaric Labeling Approach to the Tracking and Relative Quantitation of Peptide Damage at the Primary Structural Level (2010)

Protein oxidative damage lies behind skin and hair degradation and the deterioration of protein-based products, such as wool and meat, in addition to a range of serious health problems. Effective strategies to ameliorate degenerative processes require detailed fundamental knowledge of the chemistry at the molecular level, including specific residue-level products and their relative abundance. This paper presents a new means of tracking damage-induced side-chain modification in peptides using a novel application for isobaric label quantification. Following exposure to heat and UVA and UVB irradiation, tryptophan and tyrosine damage products in synthetic peptides were characterized and tracked using ESI-MS/MS and iTRAQ labeling-based relative quantification. An in-depth degradation profile of these peptides was generated, enabling the formation of even low-abundance single-residue-level modifications to be sensitively monitored. The development of this novel approach to profiling and tracking residue-level protein damage offers significant potential for application in the development and validation of protein protection treatments.
Synthesis of a doubly interlocked [2]-catenane (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVarticleNEXTSynthesis of a doubly interlocked [2]-catenaneJean Francois Nierengarten, Christiane O. Dietrich-Buchecker, and Jean Pierre SauvageCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 1, 375–376Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 January 1994Published inissue 1 January 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00080a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00080a045research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1994 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3305Altmetric-Citations224LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of Some New 17-Spiro-Substituted Steroids (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Some New 17-Spiro-Substituted SteroidsDuane F. Morrow, Ruthann M. Hofer, and Townley P. CulbertsonCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1967, 10, 2, 133–138Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00314a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00314a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views58Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Expanding the use of CTS-to-Self mechanism for reliable broadcasting on IEEE 802.11 networks (2014)

The growing need for multimedia applications within wireless Local Area Networks (LAN) demands reliable and efficient broadcasting and multicasting transmission of throughput sensitive data, like audio and video. IEEE 802.11 standard which is the primary technology in wireless LANs was not initially designed to handle heavy broadcasting traffic. However, this raises a series of reliability problems mainly related to the lack of an effective feedback mechanism for multicasting and broadcasting transmission. This inherited drawback does not allow the standard to take full advantage of the bandwidth offered by its latest amendments. The main aim of this work is to offer an alternative congestion control mechanism especially for broadcasting. For this, the expanding use of the CTS-to-Self protection mechanism is proposed. The Medium Access Control (MAC) algorithm is appropriately modified and tested under various data traffic conditions. The simulation shows that the use of this amended MAC method in conjunction with the suitable data packet size can significantly improve throughput, in multimedia type data broadcasting over wireless ad-hoc networks.
Low Vision in Older Adults (1999)

Educational Objectives 1. Understand the epidemiology of visual impairments of older adults. 2. Understand the symptoms of functional loss secondary to visual impairments. 3. Understand the rehabilitative options available for those with vision loss. 4. Understand the multi-disciplinary approach in low vision rehabilitation. 5. Understand the impact of low vision rehabilitation services.
Botox and Collagen for Glabellar Furrows (2004)

Plastic surgeons frequently administer botulinum toxin A (Botox) or collagen as monotherapy to treat glabellar furrows. This study evaluates the possible advantages of combination therapy. Sixty-five patients with moderate to severe glabellar rhytids were prospectively randomized to receive standard injections of Botox, Zyderm II collagen, or a combination. Improvement in rhytids was assessed over 3 months using patient satisfaction scores and an independent physician evaluation. Baseline wrinkle severity was similar in all 3 groups. By 1 month posttreatment, the combination arm showed significantly greater improvement in furrows (79% compared with only 56% and 50% in the Botox and Zyderm arms, respectively; P < 0.05). At 3 months postinjection, the dual-therapy arm maintained better improvement (57% versus 33% and 27% in the monotherapy arms; P < 0.05). Patient satisfaction further highlighted the superiority of the combination approach. By simultaneously addressing the static and dynamic aspects of glabellar furrows, dual therapy provides optimal treatment of this problem.
Expression and Function of Glutamine Transporters SN1 (SNAT3) and SN2 (SNAT5) in Retinal Muller Cells (2005)

System N (SN1 as well as SN2) is responsible for most of the glutamine uptake in Müller cells. Because system N is capable of mediating the release of glutamine from the cells, its abundant expression in Müller cells is of importance in the handling of glutamine in the retina.
Determining the Young's Modulus of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films via Stress-Induced Mechanical Buckling Instabilities (2005)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTDetermining the Young's Modulus of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films via Stress-Induced Mechanical Buckling InstabilitiesAdam J. Nolte, Michael F. Rubner, and Robert E. CohenView Author Information Departments of Materials Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering, and the Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Cite this: Macromolecules 2005, 38, 13, 5367–5370Publication Date (Web):June 4, 2005Publication History Received14 April 2005Revised13 May 2005Published online4 June 2005Published inissue 1 June 2005https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma0507950https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0507950rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2005 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2741Altmetric-Citations191LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Deposition,Quantum mechanics,Thickness,Thin films,Vesicles Get e-Alerts
Watch thy neighbor or how the swarm can learn from its environment (2004)

Particle swarm optimization is a novel algorithm where a population of candidate problem solution vectors evolves "social" norms by being influenced by their topological neighbors. Until now, an individual was influenced by its best performance acquired in the past and the best experience observed in its neighborhood. In this paper, we introduce new ways an individual can be influenced by its neighbors.
Development of sludge based stable aqueous Bacillus thuringiensis formulations (2004)

This study focuses on development of aqueous flowable (suspension) formulations for Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) based biopesticides from wastewater sludge. Different inerts like sorbitol, sodium monophosphate, sodium metabisulphite, sorbic acid, propionic acid, Tween-80, Triton X-100 and glycerol were tested for formulations. Five different formulations for non-hydrolyzed (NH) secondary sludges were tried and the best combination selected on the basis of various physical parameters like viscosity, particle size, suspendibility, entomotoxicity, and microbiological purity tests. F5 formulations (for secondary sludge) comprising sorbitol, sodium monophosphate and sodium metabisulphite gave better physical and biological characteristics with a small effect on entomotoxicity and spore concentration after 120 days at pH 6, 6.5 and temperatures 40 and 50 degrees C and viscosity change at 40 and 50 degrees C. The formulations were more stable at pH 4.0 to 5.0 and temperatures 4 to 30 degrees C whereas at pH 6.0 and 6.5 and temperatures 40 and 50 degrees C, there was degeneration of the product. Lower proteolytic activity and physical factors like ionic strength and surface group changes at pH 6 and 6.5 were responsible for the instability of the formulation.
Multifunctional Properties of Beef Liver Phosphoglucomutase (1976)

Journal Article Multifunctional Properties of Beef Liver Phosphoglucomutase Get access Masaaki Hirose, Masaaki Hirose Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, Japan Present address: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Nara 630, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Masatsugu Ueda, Masatsugu Ueda Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hideo Chiba Hideo Chiba Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 40, Issue 12, 1 December 1976, Pages 2433–2439, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1976.10862415 Published: 01 December 1976 Article history Received: 19 July 1976 Published: 01 December 1976
Isolation of Supercoiled Colicinogenic Factor E <sub>1</sub> DNA Sensitive to Ribonuclease and Alkali (1972)

The synthesis of the covalently-closed, circular DNA form of colicinogenic factor E(1) (ColE(1)) continues in Escherichia coli cells after the addition of chloramphenicol. A large portion of the purified supercoiled ColE(1) DNA molecules made in the presence of chloramphenicol are converted to the open circular DNA form after treatment with alkali (pH 13), RNase A, or RNase H. These treatments do not significantly affect the covalently-closed form of ColE(1) DNA isolated from normally growing E. coli cells. The open circular product resulting from treatment of supercoiled ColE(1) DNA with RNase A possesses a single break in one strand of the circular duplex. The site sensitive to RNase A occurs with equal probability in either of the complementary strands. Both synthesis of ColE(1) DNA and the formation of supercoiled ColE(1) DNA sensitive to RNase A or alkali are prevented by the inhibitor of RNA synthesis, rifampicin. These results indicate that covalently-closed ColE(1) DNA containing one or more ribonucleotides accumulates during ColE(1) replication in the presence of chloramphenicol. It is proposed that this incorporated RNA served as a primer during the initiation of synthesis of ColE(1) DNA and that its removal from the circular DNA is inhibited in cells incubated in the presence of chloramphenicol.
Quantum computing with spin qubits interacting through delocalized excitons: Overcoming hole mixing (2005)

As a candidate scheme for controllably coupled qubits, we consider two quantum dots, each doped with a single electron. The spin of the electron defines our qubit basis and trion states can be created by using polarized light; we show that the form of the excited trion depends on the state of the qubit. By using the Luttinger-Kohn Hamiltonian we calculate the form of these trion states in the presence of light-heavy hole mixing, and show that they can interact through both the F\"orster transfer and static dipole-dipole interactions. Finally, we demonstrate that by using chirped laser pulses, it is possible to perform a two-qubit gate in this system by adiabatically following the eigenstates as a function of laser detuning. These gates are robust in that they operate with any realistic degree of hole mixing, and for either type of trion-trion coupling.