gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large‐Area Schottky Barrier Transistors Based on Vertically Stacked Graphene–Metal Oxide Heterostructures (2017)

The fabrication of all‐transparent flexible vertical Schottky barrier (SB) transistors and logic gates based on graphene–metal oxide–metal heterostructures and ion gel gate dielectrics is demonstrated. The vertical SB transistor structure is formed by (i) vertically sandwiching a solution‐processed indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (IGZO) semiconductor layer between graphene (source) and metallic (drain) electrodes and (ii) employing a separate coplanar gate electrode bridged with a vertical channel through an ion gel. The channel current is modulated by tuning the Schottky barrier height across the graphene–IGZO junction under an applied external gate bias. The ion gel gate dielectric with high specific capacitance enables modulation of the Schottky barrier height at the graphene–IGZO junction over 0.87 eV using a voltage below 2 V. The resulting vertical devices show high current densities (18.9 A cm −2 ) and on–off current ratios (>10 4 ) at low voltages. The simple structure of the unit transistor enables the successful fabrication of low‐power logic gates based on device assemblies, such as the NOT, NAND, and NOR gates, prepared on a flexible substrate. The facile, large‐area, and room‐temperature deposition of both semiconducting metal oxide and gate insulators integrates with transparent and flexible graphene opens up new opportunities for realizing graphene‐based future electronics.
The Who, What and Why of Computers (1982)

Although reliable official statistics are not available, the best estimate is that there are now (in 1981) about 25 000 computers in use in the United Kingdom with a unit value of £30 000 or more, and perhaps five times as many below that cost, including about 75 000 microcomputers. More importantly, the number of computers in use is expected to show a high rate of increase until the end of the decade, of the order of 15 per cent per annum or more.
Estimnates of the Prevalence of Childhood Maladjustment in a Community Survey in Puerto Rico (1988)

A two-stage epidemiologic survey was carried out on a probability sample of the population aged 4 through 16 years in Puerto Rico. The survey used the Child Behavior Checklist as a screening instrument, and prevalence rates were estimated on the basis of clinical diagnoses and other measures provided by child psychiatrists during the second stage. Maladjustment was operationally defined through the use of combined measures, including DSM-III diagnosis and a scale of functional impairment. Data were provided on the demographic correlates of maladjustment and on the comorbidity of DSM-III diagnostic domains. The prevalence rates obtained vis-à-vis the availability of mental health services on the island reflected a major public health problem.
Differential Hall effect profiling of ultrashallow junctions in Sb implanted silicon (2004)

A differential Hall effect technique has been developed to obtain doping profiles at a depth resolution down to 2nm with junction depths of about 20nm. We have determined the electrical characteristics of 5×1014Sb+cm−2 implanted in (100) silicon at an energy of 5keV. A comparison was made between carrier concentration profiles and secondary ion mass spectroscopy measurements of the atomic profiles as a function of annealing temperature. We have profiled single energy implants of antimony and also double implants; the latter enables complete profiles to be measured down to the background level of about 1018cm−3.
YOUNG PLANETARY NEBULAE:<i>HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE</i>IMAGING AND A NEW MORPHOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM (2011)

Using Hubble Space Telescope images of 119 young planetary nebulae, most of which have not previously been published, we have devised a comprehensive morphological classification system for these objects. This system generalizes a recently devised system for pre-planetary nebulae, which are the immediate progenitors of planetary nebulae (PNs). Unlike previous classification studies, we have focussed primarily on young PNs rather than all PNs, because the former best show the influences or symmetries imposed on them by the dominant physical processes operating at the first and primary stage of the shaping process. Older PNs develop instabilities, interact with the ambient interstellar medium, and are subject to the passage of photoionization fronts, all of which obscure the underlying symmetries and geometries imposed early on. Our classification system is designed to suffer minimal prejudice regarding the underlying physical causes of the different shapes and structures seen in our PN sample, however, in many cases, physical causes are readily suggested by the geometry, along with the kinematics that have been measured in some systems. Secondary characteristics in our system such as ansae indicate the impact of a jet upon a slower-moving, prior wind; a waist is the signature of a strong equatorial concentration of matter, whether it be outflowing or in a bound Keplerian disk, and point symmetry indicates a secular trend, presumably precession, in the orientation of the central driver of a rapid, collimated outflow.
DISEÑOS DE ALTA COSTURA: LA ORIENTACIÓN EN LA PASARELA DE LA INFORMÁTICA EDUCATIVA (2003)

Esta comunicación es el producto de una reflexión analítico-crítica respecto de la inserción significativa de la Tecnología Informática en el quehacer de la Orientación Educacional y como operatoria de trabajo en la organización educativa, especialmente a nivel básico y medio. Mantiene un enfoque holístico, al considerar el comportamiento de las TiCS y el de la Orientación Educacional y sectorializa las posibilidades de activa participación de dicha instrumentalidad técnica, sobre un campo del proceso orientacional entendido, básicamente, en cuatro líneas de acción operativa. Se perfila un escenario general de carácter societal, teñido por el desarrollo tecnológico informático, junto con ello, se hace presente algunos planteamientos básicos de buena alianza entre las TICS y la Orientación, se destaca, luego, el valor relevante y distintivo de dicho proceso como altamente humanizante y se señala, con un tono esperanzador y cauteloso, la gran viabilidad de la aplicación de las TIICS en los múltiples aspectos que enfrenta la orientación. Se termina con varios alcances de tipo conclusivo respecto del mejor entendimiento de la tecnología informática y los cometidos propios de la orientación en su delicada tarea de formación humana.
Formation of Hexagonal Boron Nitride by Metal Atomic Vacancy-Assisted B–N Molecular Diffusion (2014)

Because of the low solubility of N atoms in metals, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) growth has explained by surface reaction on metal rather than by penetration/precipitation of B and N atoms in metal. Here, we present an impressive pathway of h-BN formation at the interface between Ni and oxide substrate based on B-N molecular diffusion into Ni through individual atomic vacancies. First-principles calculations confirmed the formation energies of the h-BN layers on and under the metal and the probability of B-N molecular diffusion in metal. The interface growth behavior depends on the species of metal catalysts, and these simulation results well support experimental results.
Attention Deficits in Children With Combined Autism and ADHD (2012)

The findings underscore the importance of including measures of attention and intellectual function when assessing children with the combination of ASD and ADHD.
Enabling Adaptive High-Frame-Rate Video Streaming in Mobile Cloud Gaming Applications (2015)

High-frame-rate (HFR) video is emerging in popular gaming applications to enhance the smooth experience perceived by end users. However, it is challenging to guarantee the delivery quality of HFR video in mobile cloud gaming scenarios because of the high transmission rate and limited wireless resources. To address this critical problem, we develop a novel transmission scheduling framework dubbed AdaPtive HFR vIdeo Streaming (APHIS). The term adaptive indicates this scheme's capability in dynamically adjusting the video traffic load and forward error correction (FEC) coding. First, we propose an online video frame selection algorithm to minimize the total distortion based on the network status, input video data, and delay constraint. Second, we introduce an unequal FEC coding scheme to provide differentiated protection for Intra (I) and Predicted (P) frames with low-latency cost. The proposed APHIS framework is able to appropriately filter video frames and adjust data protection levels to optimize the quality of HFR video streaming. We conduct extensive emulations in Exata involving HFR video encoded with H.264 codec. Experimental results show that APHIS outperforms the reference transmission schemes in terms of video peak signal-to-noise ratio, end-to-end delay, and goodput. Therefore, we recommend APHIS for delivering HFR video streaming in mobile cloud gaming systems.
Short-term follow-up of chagasic patients after benznidazole treatment using multiple serological markers (2011)

The recombinant antigens KMP11, PFR2, Tgp63 and HSP70 are recognized by Chagas disease patients' sera at any clinical stage of the disease. Shortly after benznidazole treatment, a drop in reactivity against three of these antigens is produced in an antigen-specific manner. Most likely, analysis of the reactivity against these recombinant antigens may be useful for monitoring the effectiveness of benznidazole treatment.
Manganese Ferrite Nanocomposite Modified Electrochemical Sensor for the Detection of Guanine and Uric Acid (2020)

Manganese ferrite nanoparticles were produced by applying the combustion technique using the manganese acetate and ferric nitrate as the starting material. Analytical techniques like FESEM and TEM were utilized to characterize the synthesized materials. The typical size was observed in the range of 12 to 14 nm with a cubic structure. The synthesized material was used as an electrochemical sensor which was fabricated using the nanocomposite for the identification of guanine (GU) and uric acid (UA) (individually and in their mixture). The cyclic voltammeter and differential pulse voltammeter techniques were deployed to check the sensor activity of the modified electrode. Lower detection limit for GU and UA was found to be 400 nM and 450 nM, with linearity range 0.5 to 120 μM and 02 to 140 μM for GU and UA respectively. The electrochemical sensor developed in this method can be widely employed for the identification of GU and UA and analogs in biofluids or dosage forms.
Design of an achromatic beam splitter comprising a dielectric multilayer stack (1990)

The inverse transmittance (1/T) of a quarterwave all dielectric multilayer stack is expressed as a mixed series in sinø and cosø, where ø = (pi/2)[(lambda - lambda(0))/ lambda] and lambda(0) is the reference wavelength. This expression has been used to design achromatic beam splitters for the visible and near IR regions having different reflectance (R) to transmittance (T) ratios (e.g. R:T = 70:30, 30:70, 50:50, 60:40, 40:60, etc.). The theoretical design places emphasis on the selection of refractive indices which can be realized in practice.
Conversational system based on evolutionary agents (2002)

The system we are developing has been designed as an application of evolutionary agents and text-to-speech technologies. The final goal of our research is to create speaking help agents in a collaborative knowledge management environment. Our approach is based on genetic algorithms to create a population of intelligent agents and neural network models for knowledge representation. The multilingual text-to-speech engine we developed is also based on neural networks and is used to speak the messages delivered by help agents.
Mercury in organic chemistry. 24. Mercuration and subsequent carbonylation of 4-hydroxy-2-alkyn-1-ones: a novel route to furans (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMercury in organic chemistry. 24. Mercuration and subsequent carbonylation of 4-hydroxy-2-alkyn-1-ones: a novel route to furansRichard C. Larock and Chih Ling LiuCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 13, 2151–2158Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00161a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00161a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views864Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Review of Fluid Slip over Superhydrophobic Surfaces and Its Dependence on the Contact Angle (2008)

A review of the characteristics of hydrophobicity is presented, with the goal of investigating the relationship, if any, between the contact angle (a macroscopically observed property) and the slip length (a microscopic phenomenon). An analysis of simulations, and of their evolution through the years, sheds light on some inherent differences between contact angle and slip length behavior on flat and patterned surfaces. Previous studies lead to the conclusion that epitaxial layering of fluid near the solid is intricately related to the magnitude of fluid slip. Epitaxial layer data help to explain unexpected slip length behavior in relation to the contact angle, and reported inconsistencies between slip length experiments and simulations. Therefore, it seems that solids that can produce favorable epitaxial layering of the fluid will cause larger slip. Dimensional analysis is used to elucidate the contact angle−slip length relationship. Results can be applied to the development of artificial supersolvophobic surfaces that would exhibit predictable fluid slip with important practical applications.
DNAM-1/CD155 Interactions Promote Cytokine and NK Cell-Mediated Suppression of Poorly Immunogenic Melanoma Metastases (2009)

A role for NK cells in therapeutic intervention for hematologic malignancies, such as acute myeloid leukemia and multiple myeloma, and nonhematologic malignancies, such as melanoma, is becoming more apparent. DNAM-1 is an NK cell receptor whose importance in facilitating activation signals received by NK cells in natural and cytokine-driven responses to tumor metastases in vivo is poorly explored. In this study, we used matched tumor lines expressing a variety of relevant ligands, neutralizing monoclonal Abs, and DNAM-1 gene-targeted mice to determine the relative importance of DNAM-1-ligand interactions in controlling tumor metastases. Our results demonstrate that NK cells require DNAM-1 for natural or cytokine (IL-2, IL-12, or IL-21) suppression of tumor metastases or their variants expressing CD70 or CD80. In contrast, DNAM-1 was dispensable when tumor cells were targets of Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity or presented ligands for NKG2D. CD155 appeared to be a key ligand recognized by DNAM-1 in NK cell-mediated suppression of metastases, and DNAM-1-mediated suppression coincided with perforin activity. Overall, these data implied a general role for DNAM-1-CD155 interactions in NK cell-mediated killing of tumors, even in the presence of tumor CD70 or CD80 expression, and further defined the optimal efficacy requirements of cytokines that directly activate NK cells.
N-Nmoc-l-Glutamate, a New Caged Glutamate with High Chemical Stability and Low Pre-photolysis Activity (1997)

We report the synthesis, the physicochemical characterization, and biological evaluation of a new caged glutamate, N-(o-nitromandelyl)oxycarbonyl-L-glutamic acid (Nmoc-Glu), that liberates free glutamate on photolysis. The low affinity of certain glutamate receptors and their rapid entry into desensitization have effectively prevented the creation of an ideal caged glutamate. In the absence of an ideal compound, Nmoc-Glu was designed to resist spontaneous hydrolysis while maintaining reasonable photorelease yield and kinetics. Chemical and physiological analyses reveal that Nmoc-Glu, indeed, has exceptionally low residual activity and high chemical stability. The quantum yield of Nmoc-Glu is 0.11. Photolytic uncaging and release of free glutamate occur in two steps, consisting of an initial light-induced cleavage that proceeds on the sub-millisecond time scale, and a subsequent light-independent, pH-dependent decarboxylation step that proceeds on the millisecond time scale. The low residual activity and high chemical stability of Nmoc-Glu are important advantages in applications where pre-photolysis Glu receptor activation and desensitization must be minimized.
MULLITE FORMATION IN COAL FLY ASH IS FACILITATED BY THE INCORPORATION OF MAGNESIUM OXIDE (2011)

We have studied the chemical and mineralogical composition of different coal fly ash samples, collected as byproducts from thermal power plants. With the addition of magnesium oxide (MgO), the percentage of mullite increased when the fly ash samples were sintered at 1600 m C. X- ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed that mullite, cristobalite and corundum were the main phases of the sintered fly ash. With an increase in MgO content, the peak intensity of mullite and corundum increased while that of cristobalite decreased.
BCPL, the language and its compiler (1979)

Foreword 1. The BCPL philosophy 2. The main features of BCPL 3. Advanced facilities 4. The library, language extensions, and machine independence 5. Debugging and error handling 6. The BCPL lexical and syntax analyser 7. Computer portability 8. Language definition References Index.
Dynamic Regulation of Cyclooxygenase-2 Promoter Activity by Isoforms of CCAAT/Enhancer-binding Proteins (2002)

To elucidate the mechanism by which isoforms of CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins regulate cyclooxygenase-2 expression, we determined by a novel technique binding of six isoforms of this transactivator to two sequence-specific CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (-132/-125) and cyclic AMP (-59/-53) regulatory elements in human foreskin fibroblasts treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate for 4 h. The delta isoform bound to these two elements at basal state, which was displaced by full-length as well as two truncated beta isoforms, a 41-kDa liver-enriched activating protein and a 16-kDa liver-enriched inhibitory protein, after phorbol ester stimulation. Kinetic analysis shows time-dependent changes in beta and delta binding that were concordant with time-dependent increase in cyclooxygenase-2 induction. Overexpression of the 16-kDa beta isoform blocked the promoter activity and protein level induced by phorbol ester. Paradoxically, it increased binding of beta isoforms to the sequence-specific promoter DNA but suppressed cyclooxygenase-2 promoter activation by p300 cotransfection. These findings provide new insight into the regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 promoter by an interplay between two opposite beta isoforms and p300 co-activator.
The Illustrated Longitude (1998)

Longitude, Dava Sobel's no.1 bestseller, is the elegant biography of the lone genius who solved the greatest scientific problem of his times. With new material from Dava Sobel and William Andrewes, and illustrated with over 200 integrated photographs, The Illustrated Longitude is the essential book for everyone who fell in love with John Harrison's story and wants to know more. Anyone alive in the 18th century would have known that 'the longitude problem' was the thorniest scientific dilemma of the day -- and had been for centuries. Lacking the ability to measure their longitude, sailors throughout the great ages of exploration had been literally lost at sea as soon as they lost sight of land. The scientific establishment throughout Europe -- from Galileo to Sir Isaac Newton -- had mapped the heavens in its certain pursuit of a celestial answer. In stark contrast, one man, John Harrison, dared to imagine a mechanical solution. The Illustrated Longitude is a fascinating history of astronomy, navigation and clockmaking. Lavishly produced with over 200 illustrations, The Illustrated Longitude has much new material to help the reader learn more of John Harrison's extraordinary story and his times. There are biographical articles on all the major characters added; boxed information on the important scientific, nautical, historical and artistic background to the extraordinary story, time lines, and diagrams to explain the geography, horology and astrology of the Longitude problem.
Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizers (2018)

Solid nitrogen fertilizers are ureaform, sulfur-coated urea, isobutylidenediurea, and polymer-coated products. In addition to ureaform other important urea-form aldehyde products include: mixed fertilizers containing methyleneureas generated by in situ condensation of urea-formaldehyde solutions and urea-formaldehyde solutions or suspensions for direct application. As in the use of other types of controlled release nitrogen fertilizers, the manufacturer of mixed fertilizers should make certain that he finds out all he can about the properties of the product he uses, particularly nitrogen availability, and that he gives the customer full value. Preparation of a stable suspension of a ureaform-like product is described in a 1981 patent assigned to W. A. Cleary Chemical Corporation. The urea-formaldehyde system is an extremely versatile one. As indicated previously, one can obtain much more soluble condensates than ureaforms, and these have the attractive feature of offering release over a shorter period.
Efficacy of adenoviral p53 delivery with SCH58500 in the intracranial 9L and RG2 models (2003)

Malignant gliomas remain incurable entities that provide fertile ground for experimental therapy. The observation that impaired p53 expression is present in a proportion of these tumors suggests that reconstitution of this ability may impart some degree of tumor control. In this investigation, the 9L and RG2 intracranial rodent tumor models are utilized to assess SCH58500, an adenoviral p53 delivery system. The RG2 tumors demonstrate a greater propensity for transfection with this vector in vitro than the 9L tumors. In vivo, little tumor transfection beyond the immediate area of the needle tract used for direct SCH58500 injection was observed in either tumor type. Intracarotid injection resulted in no tumor transfection. Even at high concentrations of SCH58500 or control virus, injections resulted in no apparent toxicity in terms of weight gain, eating habits or activity in normal animals. The intratumoral administration of SCH58500 enhances the survival of animals with established 9L tumors. Both SCH58500 and its control viral construct not containing the p53 gene enhance survival in animals with RG2 tumors. None of the injected viral constructs caused an alteration in the markers used to detect the character of the white cell infiltrate in either of these tumors. Utilization of SCH58500 provides measurable efficacy in these preclinical brain tumor models without significant toxicity.