gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Early Nutrient Restriction on Broiler Chickens. (1995)

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of early nutrient restriction on performance and development of the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens. Four hundred male broiler (Ross x Ross) chicks raised in floor pens were assigned to two treatment groups. One group was given ad libitum access to feed from 1 to 48 d of age. The second group was feed restricted from 7 to 14 d of age to an energy intake of 1.5 x BW.67 kcal ME/d and then given ad libitum access to feed from 14 to 48 d. Body weight and feed intake were determined weekly. At 49 d of age, birds were processed for carcass yield, abdominal fat pad measurement, and body composition analysis. Broilers were also sampled at 7, 14, 21, and 41 d of age for proventriculus, gizzard, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), pancreas, and liver weights and for intestinal length measurements. Total DNA, protein:DNA, and RNA:DNA ratios of livers and jejuna were determined as indexes of changes in cell size and number. Feed-restricted broilers failed to catch up to the Control birds in BW at 48 d of age but were superior (P < .01) in overall feed efficiency. No treatment effects were observed on breast meat yields or abdominal fat. Moreover, percentage carcass fat, crude protein, ash, and dry matter were not affected by restricted feeding. Body weight and weights of gastrointestinal organs were reduced (P < .01) by feed restriction at 14 d of age. Restricted feeding, however, did not decrease the relative weights of organs, except for liver. Feed restriction also resulted in a reduction (P < .01) of liver cell number and size and a decrease in jejunum cell number. All organs recovered normal weight on refeeding, and all cellular constituent ratios (e.g., RNA:DNA, RNA:protein, and protein:DNA) returned to normal by 41 d of age. Absolute and relative weights of supply organs (e.g., proventriculus, gizzard, small intestine, liver, and pancreas) were less affected by feed restriction and responded more quickly to refeeding than the whole body.
Isolation of<i>COV1</i>, a gene involved in the regulation of vascular patterning in the stem of<i>Arabidopsis</i> (2003)

The molecular mechanisms that control the ordered patterning of vascular tissue development in plants are not well understood. Several models propose a two-component system for vascular differentiation. These components include an inducer of vascular tissue development and an inhibitor that prevents the formation of vascular bundles near pre-existing bundles. We have identified two recessive allelic mutants in Arabidopsis, designated continuous vascular ring (cov1), that display a dramatic increase in vascular tissue development in the stem in place of the interfascicular region that normally separates the vascular bundles. The mutant plants exhibited relatively normal vascular patterning in leaves and cotyledons. Analysis of the interaction of cov1 with a known auxin signalling mutant and direct analysis of auxin concentrations suggests that cov1 affects vascular pattering by some mechanism that is independent of auxin. The COV1 protein is predicted to be an integral membrane protein of unknown function, highly conserved between plants and bacteria. In plants, COV1 is likely to be involved in a mechanism that negatively regulates the differentiation of vascular tissue in the stem.
Polysaccharide of <i>Cordyceps sinensis</i> Enhances Cisplatin Cytotoxicity in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer H157 Cell Line (2011)

The current study indicates that the polysaccharide of CS inhibits tumor growth in NSCLC and that CS may be a potential adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent in NSCLC therapy.
A New Robust Face Detection Method Based on Corner Points (2014)

This paper describes a method of faces detection based on skin color, face shape and corner points. The skin regions are detected by the segmentation of image with a threshold calculated by a combination of rules proposed on elements of the three color spaces RGB, HSV and YCbCr. Next, the geometric constraints (surface, ratio, eccentricity) are applied to eliminate the skin regions detected that do not have a shape similar to a human face. Then the corner points of Harris are used to verify the existence of eyes in the regions detected. The results obtained are satisfactory in terms of the quality of detection and rapidity.
The Effects of Neurokinin B upon Gonadotrophin Release in Male Rodents (2009)

Growing evidence suggests the tachykinin neurokinin B (NKB) may modulate gonadotrophin secretion and play a role in sex-steroid feedback within the reproductive axis. NKB signalling has recently been identified as being necessary for normal human reproductive function, although the precise mechanisms underpinning this role remain to be established. We have used rodents to explore further the role of NKB within the reproductive axis. In particular, we have studied its interactions with kisspeptin, a neuropeptide essential for reproductive function in rodent and human with close anatomical links to NKB within the hypothalamus. Intraperitoneal administration of NKB (50 nmol) to male mice had no effect on circulating luteinsing hormone (LH) levels and, although i.p. kisspeptin (15 nmol) increased LH five-fold, co-administration of NKB and kisspeptin was indistinguishable from kisspeptin alone. Intracerebroventricular administration of NKB (10 nmol) to male mice also had no effect on LH levels, with 1 nmol kisspeptin i.c.v. significantly increasing LH compared to control (0.37 +/- 0.18 versus 5.11 +/- 0.28 ng/ml, respectively). Interestingly, i.c.v. co-administration of NKB and kisspeptin caused a significant increase in LH concentrations compared to kisspeptin alone (8.96 +/- 1.82 versus 5.11 +/- 0.28 ng/ml respectively). We used hypothalamic explants from rats to assess the effect of NKB on gonadotrpohin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion ex vivo. Doses of NKB up to 1000 nm failed to stimulate GnRH secretion, whereas 100 nm kisspeptin robustly increased GnRH secretion. Of note, co-administration of NKB with kisspeptin abrogated the effect of kisspeptin, producing no GnRH release above basal state. Finally, we analysed the expression of Tac2/Tacr3 (genes encoding NKB and NK3R, respectively) within the arcuate nucleus in different nutritional states. After a 48-h fast, the expression of both Tac2 and Tacr3 showed a significant increase, in contrast to levels of Kiss1 and Kiss1r mRNA, which remained unchanged. In male rodent models, NKB and kisspeptin have different effects upon gonadotrophin release and appear to interact in a complex manner.
Bioluminescence assay for estimating the hydrophobic properties of bacteria as revealed by hydrophobic interaction chromatography (1991)

The luciferin-luciferase bioluminescence method was used to estimate the number of bacteria retained in neutral and amphiphilic gels and those in the eluate to determine the hydrophobic surface properties of bacteria by using hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Good correlations were found between viable counts and ATP content for Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fragi, and Listeria monocytogenes. ATP determination was more rapid than viable counts for characterizing the relative hydrophobicity of L. monocytogenes. Quantitative estimations of adsorption of L. monocytogenes on octyl-Sepharose indicate that this microorganism is hydrophilic.
Method of moment calculation for a digital vision chip system (2002)

A digital vision chip is a one-chip vision system that can perform operations much faster than the video rate (NTSC 30 Hz/PAL 25 Hz). The digital vision chip has a compact design for integration, and can execute several algorithms at high speed for robot control. To realize high-speed image processing on digital vision chips, it is important to develop image processing algorithms that work with the processing architecture. While most of the researches on vision chips have concerned image-to-image processing, there has been few researches on image-to-scalar feature extraction which is inevitable for visual feedback control. In this paper, we propose bit-plane feature decomposition (BPFD) as a method of image-to-scalar feature extraction in digital vision chip systems. We show the effectiveness of the proposed method by evaluating its application in a digital vision chip system.
Echo Cancellation of Voiceband Data Signals Using Recursive Least Squares and Stochastic Gradient Algorithms (1985)

The convergence properties of adaptive least squares (LS) and stochastic gradient (SG) algorithms are studied in the context of echo cancellation of voiceband data signals. The algorithms considered are the SG transversal, SG lattice, LS transversal (fast Kalman), and LS lattice. It is shown that for the channel estimation problem considered here, LS algorithms converge in approximately <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2N</tex> iterations where <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> is the order of the filter. In contrast, both SG algorithms display inferior convergence properties due to their reliance upon statistical averages. Simulations are presented to verify this result, and indicate that the fast Kalman algorithm frequently displays numerical instability which can be circumvented by using the lattice structure. Finally, the equivalence between an LS algorithm and a fast converging modified SG algorithm which uses a maximum length input data sequence is shown.
Microbial ferrous iron oxidation in acidic solution (1988)

Microbial ferrous iron oxidation in a dilute sul furic acid medium at low pH was investigated. Part of a study of acidic leach solution chemistry and chemical speciation the effects on metal-sulfide oxidation these studies were performed to un derstand the processes that accompany microbial extraction of metals from ores, and to learn of similar reactions that may occur naturally. Results showed that pH values of 1.0 to 2.4 affected microbial oxidation rate very little. Microbial yield coefficients were experimentally determined and agreed with predictions from thermodynamic considerations. The maximum specific growth rate coefficient and the half-velocity coefficient represented ex perimental data. Oxidation occurred rapidly and the minimum sludge age value was about 0.4 day. Attached film processes may be the most appropriate systems for achieving microbial oxidation of ferrous iron. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 60, 518 (1988). rooxidans). Microbial leaching of mineral ores involves metals dis solution caused by biological and chemical reactions. This paper presents the study results of one aspect of these microbial leaching reactions: the chemical and biological factors that affect microbial ferrous iron oxidation by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans at pH values between 1.0 and 2.4. This study was part of an investigation of certain chemical and biological processes associated with the dis solution of chalcocite (Cu2S), a metal sulfide ore. The pur pose was to obtain information that could be used to im prove understanding of microbiological ore leaching op erations, as well as to provide knowledge on related chemical and biological reactions that may occur naturally in the environment as in the case of mine acid drainage. This paper provides the biological kinetics of ferrous iron oxidation in a dilute sulfuric acid medium with additional information to explain chemical speciation during ferrous iron oxidation. Batch and continuous flow-through re actors were used to evaluate Thiobacillus ferrooxidans oxidation of Fe(II) in an acidic sulfate leach medium typ ical of that which may be formed from the reaction of ferric iron for dissolution of metal sulfide and uranium
Soft actuator for robotic applications based on dielectric elastomer: quasi-static analysis (2003)

In this paper a new soft actuator based on dielectric elastomer is proposed. The actuator, called an antagonistically-driven linear actuator (ANTLA), has the muscle-like characteristics capable of performing the motions such as forward/backward/controllable compliance. Due to its simplicity of configuration and ease of fabrication, it has the advantage to be scale-independently implemented in meso- or micro-scale robotic applications. Its basic concepts are introduced and a quasi-static analysis is performed with experimental verifications.
Wavelength agile photonic integrated circuits using a novel quantum well intermixing process (2003)

We report on a novel quantum well intermixing technique, which allows for great deal of flexibility in the design of photonic integrated circuits. Herein, we describe the use of this technique for widely-tunable multisection lasers.
Measurements of L X-ray fluorescence cross sections in rare-earth elements (1987)

The L XRF cross sections sigma xLi (i=l. alpha . beta , gamma ), have been measured for all rare-earth elements with Z=60-71, except for Z=61 and 63, at excitation energies of 17.80 and 25.80 keV. Measurements have been performed using an X-ray tube with a secondary exciter system as the excitation source. Experimental results have been compared with theoretically calculated values and other available experimental results of L XRF cross sections. The experimental results are higher than the theoretical estimates. This necessitates the remeasurement of physical parameters such as fluorescence yield and X-ray emission rates.
Partitioned convolution algorithms for real-time auralization (2014)

Virtual Reality (VR) aims at the creation of responsive simulations, that provide humans the illusion of a world or environment, they can interact with. Therefore, the user is stimulated with sensory cues that are computer-generated, based on a model of a virtual world (scene). Considering the sense of hearing, the acoustic description of the scene is transformed into auditory stimuli, which are then provided using headphones or loudspeakers.Signal processing is fundamental to this process, called auralization. It involves digital filtering in several uses and in diverse forms (e.g. non-linear and linear filtering, time-invariant and time-varying filtering). A common requirement for VR is a low latency (immediate system response). The computational extent however, ranges from moderate to highly complex, depending on the application.This work focuses on finite impulse response filters (FIR filters), which are applied in binaural synthesis, spatial sound reproduction and artificial reverberation. Straightforward FIR filtering in the time-domain fails to satisfy the requirements stated above. These are met by implementing the FIR filtering using efficient mathematical algorithms for fast convolution. Since the 1960s different algorithmic concepts have been developed, often from the divide-and-conquer paradigm. The most popular example is fast convolution using the fast Fourier transform (FFT), which established as the standard tool. However, also fast convolution algorithms must be adapted to serve for real-time filtering. The most powerful concept hereby is partitioned convolution, which first splits the operands and then solves the partial problems using a fast convolution technique. Essential is that the decomposition conforms with real-time processing. This thesis considers three different classes of partitioned convolution algorithms for the use in real-time auralization: uniformly and non-uniformly partitioned filters, as well as unpartitioned filters. The algorithmic properties of each class are derived and guidelines for an optimal choice of parameters are provided. All techniques are analyzed regarding multi-channel processing, networks of filters and time-varying filtering, as needed in Virtual Reality. The work identifies suitable convolution techniques for different applications, ranging from resource-aware auralization on mobile devices to extensive room acoustical auralization on dedicated multi-processor systems.
How Long Should Pindolol Be Associated With Paroxetine to Improve the Antidepressant Response? (1997)

A double-blind study was undertaken to investigate the period of treatment with the beta-adrenoreceptor/5-hydroxytryptamine 1A (5-HT1A) antagonist pindolol required to enhance the antidepressant effects of paroxetine. After 1 week of a placebo run-in period, 63 untreated major depressive inpatients were randomly assigned to three different groups. Group 1 received paroxetine (20 mg/day) plus placebo (4 weeks). Group 2 received paroxetine (20 mg/day) plus pindolol (7.5 mg/day) for 1 week and placebo for 3 weeks. Group 3 received both active treatments for the entire duration of the study (4 weeks). Clinical response was defined as a reduction of the score in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) to 8 or below. Also, to preliminarily examine whether beta-adrenoreceptor blockade was involved in the action of pindolol, another group of 10 inpatients was treated in an open-label manner with paroxetine (20 mg/day) plus 50 mg/day of the beta-adrenergic antagonist metoprolol, devoid of significant affinity for 5-HT1A receptors. At endpoint, the incidence of treatment-emergent side effects did not significantly differ among the three groups. After 1 and 2 weeks of treatment, the two groups treated with paroxetine plus pindolol displayed a significantly greater response rate than the group treated with paroxetine plus placebo. At study completion, only the patients treated with pindolol for the entire period showed a significantly greater response rate (p = 0.05). HAM-D score were also significantly lower at endpoint in patients treated with the combination for 4 weeks (p = 0.00003). The group of patients treated with paroxetine and metoprolol exhibited a side-effect profile comparable to that of paroxetine alone. Response rates were also comparable. These findings support the efficacy of pindolol, but not of metoprolol, in accelerating the antidepressant effect of paroxetine and suggest that the administration of pindolol for the entire period of the acute treatment may increase the efficacy of paroxetine.
Resistorless ESD protection device for high speed CMOS circuits (2003)

A novel, resistorless electrostatic-discharge (ESD)-protection device for high-speed CMOS circuits, consisting of two thick oxide n-channel MOSFETs in the same p-well, has been designed, fabricated, and tested. It can be used to protect inputs or outputs. The advantages include (1) minimum input RC delay time minimized; (2) no power consumption even if input voltage goes above 5-V power supply; (3) military ESD specification exceeded with small layout size; and (4) no latch-up due to input overvoltage stress.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis and evaluation of 3-modified 1D-myo-inositols as inhibitors and substrates of phosphatidylinositol synthase and inhibitors of myo-inositol uptake by cells (1993)

A number of 3-substituted 1D-myo-inositols were synthesized and evaluated as substrates for phosphatidylinositol synthase and uptake by intact cells. 1D-3-Amino-, -3-chloro-, and -3-(acetylthio)-3-deoxy-myo-inositols were all synthesized by nucleophilic displacement of the 6-O-(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl group of 1L-1,2:3,4-di-O-cyclohexylidene-5-O-methyl-6-O-[(trifluoromethyl)-sulfon yl] - chiro-inositol (which was prepared from L-quebrachitol), respectively, by reaction with LiN3, followed by reduction of the azido function, and with LiCl and KSAc to give the O-protected compounds. O-Demethylation using BBr3 and concomitant acetal hydrolysis furnished the free-hydroxy 3-amino- and 3-chloro-3-deoxy-1D-myo-inositols. The 3-mercapto analogue was obtained by removal of the acetal groups of the acetylthio analogue, followed by acetylation and purification of the peracetate, and subsequent O-demethylation and deacetylation. The 3-deoxy derivative was synthesized from the 6-O-(imidazol-1-ylthiocarbonyl) compound via Barton-McCombie deoxygenation. The 3-azido derivative was directly synthesized from 1L-1-O-tosyl-chiro-inositol via displacement with azide. The 3-keto analogue was prepared by Pt-catalyzed air oxidation of 1L-chiro-inositol. The compounds were all evaluated as substrates for phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) synthase from mouse brain. The 3-NH2, 3-F, 3-deoxy, and 3-keto analogues all showed activity as substrates, as measured by liberation of cytidine monophosphate. These compounds also showed inhibition of the reaction of myo-[3H]inositol with PtdIns synthase. These results taken together indicate that these compounds are likely to be incorporated into phospholipids. As a further indication that these compounds might be useful as probes for the PtdIns pathway, it was demonstrated that the 3-NH2, 3-F, and 3-deoxy compounds are taken up by intact fibroblast cells as evidenced by their competing with myo-[3H]inositol uptake.
Management of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Current Approaches and Future Directions (2014)

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, also referred to as Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) is a heterogeneous condition, with a complex clinical presentation. Patients not only exhibit severe problems with fatigue following physical or mental exertion, but often experience a diverse range of symptoms that all contribute to the debilitating nature of the illness. Several pathophysiologies have been associated with CFS/ME, particularly affecting the neurological, immunological, and autonomic systems though further evidence is required to understand their exact role in CFS/ME. Patients present with unique combinations of problems pertaining to these bodily systems, and may also experience periods of recovery and relapse. The overall impact can also range from significant reduction in pre-morbid daily activities and responsibilities, to the most severe cases where patients may be bed-bound for prolonged periods of time and unable to care for themselves. Altogether, these factors make CFS/ME a particularly challenging illness to define and manage, and clinical guidelines vary significantly in their attention to certain aspects of the disorder. Effective management of the illness needs to be highly patient centered. While patients generally present to primary care health services, the illness poses significant secondary risks to physical and mental health, particularly in most severe, chronic cases. Hence, a multidisciplinary approach of clinicians is crucial for providing additional support in management. The goal of this chapter is to review and appraise several approaches for management of the illness. It is intended to be a reference to both clinicians and patients to aid in reduction of the impact of CFS/ME.
A Dual-Polarization-Radar-Based Assessment of the 8 May 2003 Oklahoma City Area Tornadic Supercell (2008)

Abstract On 8 May 2003, a tornadic supercell tracked through portions of the Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, metropolitan area and produced violent damage along portions of its path. This storm passed through the dense in situ radar network in central Oklahoma and provided close-range operational, prototype polarimetric and terminal Doppler weather radar observations of the storm as it made the transition into the tornadic phase. The time-evolving polarimetric features were scrutinized with regard to storm morphology, particularly as related to the development of a rear-flank downdraft pulse within the storm immediately preceding the long-track tornado event. Two new polarimetric terms are introduced, the Zdr shield and Kdp foot, along with a discussion of the orientation of the Zdr and Kdp columns relative to midlevel rotation signatures. Storm downdraft and gust front characteristics are discussed relative to polarimetric fields and background environment characteristics. Highlighted for this event are a “warm” forward-flank downdraft and a particularly cold rear-flank downdraft. Emphasis is also placed on demonstrating key polarimetric field characteristics relative to traditional features at low and midlevels defined in familiar conceptual models of severe storms.