gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-Range Imaging Radar for Autonomous Navigation (2005)

This thesis describes the theoretical and practical implementation of a long-range high-resolution millimetre wave imaging radar system to aid with the navigation and guidance of both airborne and ground-based autonomous vehicles. To achieve true autonomy, a vehicle must be able to sense its environment, comprehensively, over a broad range of scales. Objects in the immediate vicinity of the vehicle must be classified at high resolution to ensure that the vehicle can traverse the terrain. At slightly longer ranges, individual features such as trees and low branches must be resolved to allow for short-range path planning. At long range, general terrain characteristics must be known so that the vehicle can plan around difficult or impassable obstructions. Finally, at the largest scale, the vehicle must be aware of the direction to its objective. In the past, short-range sensors based on radar and laser technology have been capable of producing high-resolution maps in the immediate vicinity of the vehicle extending out to a few hundred metres at most. For path planning, and navigation applications where a vehicle must traverse many kilometres of unstructured terrain, a sensor capable of imaging out to at least 3km is required to permit mid and long-range motion planning. This thesis addresses this need by describing the development a high-resolution interrupted frequency modulated continuous wave (FMICW) radar operating at 94GHz. The contributions of this thesis include a comprehensive analysis of both FMCW and FMICW processes leading to an effective implementation of a radar prototype which is capable of producing high-resolution reflectivity images of the ground at low grazing angles. A number of techniques are described that use these images and some a priori knowledge of the area, for both feature and image based navigation. It is shown that sub-pixel registration accuracies can be achieved to achieve navigation accuracies from a single image that are superior to those available from GPS. For a ground vehicle to traverse unknown terrain effectively, it must select an appropriate path from as long a range as possible. This thesis describes a technique to use the reflectivity maps generated by the radar to plan a path up to 3km long over rough terrain. It makes the assumption that any change in the reflectivity characteristics of the terrain being traversed should be avoided if possible, and so, uses a modified form of the gradient-descent algorithm to plan a path to achieve this. The millimetre wave radar described here will improve the performance of autonomous vehicles by extending the range of their high-resolution sensing capability by an order of magnitude to 3km. This will in turn enable significantly enhanced capability and wider future application for these systems.
Delta-sigma A/D convertor with reduced sensitivity to op amp noise and gain (2003)

Switched-capacitor techniques are presented which compensate for noise and finite-gain limitation in second-order DSMs (delta-sigma modulators). Hand analysis and computer simulations show great promise for these new techniques, and preliminary tests conclusively show that the gain compensation is extremely promising, especially for low-power supply voltages. Test ICs containing the DSMs were fabricated in a 3- mu m digital CMOS process. Class AB op amps were used in the DSMs; a low-gain, higher-speed version was used in the gain-compensated circuit. Results from preliminary tests show that the delta-sigma modulators presented are functional, but design and modeling errors combined with widely varying process parameters severely limited the op amp performance, causing the op amp settling time to be much longer than expected.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
X-ray dark-field computed tomography using a grating interferometer setup (2010)

Dark-field x-ray projection imaging and dark-field neutron computed tomography have both recently been demonstrated. Such techniques provide insight into the small-angle scattering properties of the image objects. In this work, the dark-field x-ray imaging method is extended to x-ray computed tomography in order to provide unique and complementary information to the previously reported phase contrast and absorption contrast CT images. Dark-field reconstructions are presented and compared to these two other contrast mechanisms, all three of which can be obtained from a single acquisition using an x-ray grating interferometer setup. Objects which provide little absorption contrast, but have a significant small-angle scattering component, are better visualized in a dark-field CT reconstruction.
Color Space Selection for JPEG Image Compression (1993)

The Joint Photographic Experts Group's image compression algorithm has been shown to be a very efficient and powerful method of compressing images. However, there is little substantive information about which color space should be utilized when implementing the JPEG algorithm. Currently, the JPEG algorithm is set up for use with any three component color space. The objective of this research was to determine whether or not the color space selected will significantly improve image compression capabilities. The RGB, XYZ, YIQ, CIELAB, CIELUV, and CIELAB LCh color spaces were examined and compared. Both numerical measures and psychophysical techniques were used to assess the results. The final results indicate that the device space, RGB, is the worst color space to compress images. In comparison, the nonlinear transforms of the device space, CIELAB and CIELUV, are the best color spaces to compress images. The XYZ, YIQ, and CIELAB LCh color spaces resulted in intermediate levels of compression.
A Problem of Provenance: A Technical Analysis of the "Champlain" Astrolabe (1999)

A small mariner's astrolabe has been associated with the French explorer Samuel de Champlain, almost since its recovery in Canada in 1867. That attribution, however, is not well established and is largely based on circumstantial evidence. This paper reviews that evidence, provides new documentary evidence, and presents previously unpublished data, acquired from a metallurgical analysis, which establishes that only some components of the astrolabe's composition are consistent with the date inscribed on the astrolabe, 1603, and with the smelting methods of the period. Further, an analysis of Champlain's observational data has been compared with new measurements and analysis of the scale errors of the astrolabe in an attempt to establish a link to Champlain. If this association can be confirmed, it would make the astrolabe unique in that a set of early seventeenth-century data could be attached to a specific, existing observational instrument.
Plasma From Women With Preeclampsia Increases Endothelial Cell Nitric Oxide Production (1995)

In preeclampsia, a factor in the maternal circulation alters endothelial function via a reduction in nitric oxide synthesis. We measured the in vitro effects of 2% plasma from women with preeclampsia, compared with 2% plasma from normotensive pregnant women, on cultured endothelial cell nitrite production and nitric oxide synthase activity. On finding differential effects, we measured the effects on cellular viability (assessed by lactate dehydrogenase levels) and performed a time course study. Endothelial cell nitrite production was found to be higher after exposure to plasma from the preeclamptic group than the normotensive pregnant group. The effects of long-term exposure (120 hours) were similar to those of short-term exposure (24 hours). In addition, nitric oxide synthase activity was significantly greater after exposure to preeclamptic plasma than after exposure to normotensive pregnant plasma. No differential effect on cellular viability was found. Contrary to our hypothesis, exposure of endothelial cells to preeclamptic plasma resulted in increased nitric oxide production and nitric oxide synthase activity.
Metallic Colloid Wavelength-Ratiometric Scattering Sensors (2003)

Gold and silver colloids display strong colors as a result of electron oscillations induced by incident light, which are referred to as the plasmon absorption. This absorption is dependent on colloid-colloid proximity, which has been the basis of absorption assays using colloids. We now describe a new approach to optical sensing using the light scattering properties of colloids. Colloid aggregation was induced by avidin-biotin interactions, which shifted the plasmon absorption to longer wavelengths. We found the spectral shift results in changes in the scattering at different incident wavelengths. By measuring the ratio of scattered intensities at two incident wavelengths, this measurement was made independent of the total colloid concentration. The high scattering efficiency of the colloids resulted in intensities equivalent to fluorescence when normalized by the optical density of the fluorophore and colloid. This approach can be used in a wide variety of assay formats, including those commonly used with fluorescence detection.
A noninvasive thermal method for the quantification of tissue perfusion (1984)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1984.
Coordination of intermittent generation with storage, demand control and conventional energy sources (2010)

The intermittency of renewable energy sources such as wind or solar generation is a major challenge in the integration of these resources. Storage devices combined with optimal control provide the opportunity to overcome this challenge. In this paper, a control concept is presented which coordinates the usage of storage devices, intermittent energy sources, conventional generation and load control. The goal is to minimize the emissions and the required capacity of fast acting backup generation which is generally used to balance the intermittency of renewable generation. A multi-time step optimization is applied to optimally control the considered devices. Simulations show the superior control performance of the proposed concept.
Determination of the NOx Loading of an Automotive Lean NOx Trap by Directly Monitoring the Electrical Properties of the Catalyst Material Itself (2011)

Recently, it has been shown that the degree of loading of several types of automotive exhaust aftertreatment devices can be directly monitored in situ and in a contactless way by a microwave-based method. The goal of this study was to clarify whether this method can also be applied to NOx storage and reduction catalysts (lean NOx traps) in order to obtain further knowledge about the reactions occurring in the catalyst and to compare the results with those obtained by wirebound NOx loading sensors. It is shown that both methods are able to detect the different catalyst loading states. However, the sensitivity of the microwave-based method turned out to be small compared to that previously observed for other exhaust aftertreatment devices. This may limit the practical applicability of the microwave-based NOx loading detection in lean NOx traps.
Carbon nanotube-amorphous FePO4 core–shell nanowires as cathode material for Li ion batteries (2010)

Carbon nanotube (CNT)-amorphous FePO(4) core-shell nanowires are synthesized by aqueous solution-based mineralization through sequential adsorption of Fe(3+) and PO(4)(3-) ions onto the CNT surface. The hierarchical nanostructure with FePO(4) shell directly grown on the CNT core exhibits excellent electrochemical properties and performance as a cathode material for Li ion batteries.
Promising Psychotherapeutic Effects of the Natural Sugar: Myo-Inositol (1998)

Myo-inositol is a common six-carbon sugar with unique biochemical and psychotherapeutic properties. It is involved in neuronal signaling and osmoregulation, and has been shown to be therapeutic in initial studies of depression, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. The inositol signaling system is a post-receptor second messenger system found in many cells, and is similar to the cAMP system. Myo-inositol exists in the free form, or as a component of membrane inositol phospholipids which are present largely on the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. Inositol phospholipids, particularly phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bis-phosphate (PIP2), are linked to a number of brain receptor signaling systems including serotonergic, muscarinic, adrenergic, histaminergic, cholecystokinin, tachykinins, metabotropic, neurotensin, platelet activating factor, and others. With receptor stimulation, the signal is transmitted through a series of other proteins. Activation of a GTP-binding protein (Gq), in turn activates plasma membrane phospholipase C releasing the second messenger, myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3), into the cytosol. InsP3 then causes release of free calcium from endoplasmic reticulum into the cytosol, which then activates a number of calcium-sensitive enzymes and receptors. Myo-inositol is made available to the brain through three sources: (i) receptor stimulation (salvage pathway), (ii) de novo production, and (iii) dietary intake. Initial clinical studies have shown that myo-inositol has psychoactive effects, and is effective in the treatment of specific mood and anxiety disorders. Recent preliminary clinical studies have suggested the fascinating possibility that myo-inositol has psychoactive effects, and may be effective in the treatment specific mood and anxiety disorders. Further clinical studies are required using larger groups of patients before definitive conclusions can be drawn upon the use of myo-inositol as a potential psychoactive compound. Myo-inositol as a natural medication increases interest in this newly emerging area of nutritional neuroscience.
The Essential Guide to User Interface Design (2002)

In this post, we will take a look at some of the essential laws of user interface design Action – The next thing you need to do is make sure you guide the user. Download The Essential Guide to User Interface Design: An Introduction to GUI Design Principles and Techniques, 3rd Edition as an ebook for a limited time! UX Design refers to the term User Experience Design, while UI Design stands for User Interface Design. Both are essential for the product's success.”.
Evaluation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa toxin A in experimental rat burn wound sepsis (1979)

The search for methods to achieve control of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection continues with the introduction of aluminum-absorbed toxoid developed from P. aeruginosa exotoxin. This toxoid induces significant titers of neutralizing and precipitating antibodies for toxin A when given with appropriate adjuvants. These experiments show that immunization with aluminum phosphate-absorbed toxoid failed to protect burned rats infected with P. aeruginosa. These and previous experiments show that active immunization with live P. aeruginosa provides good strain-specific protection in the same model. No cross-protection was demonstrated between strains of P. aeruginosa in these experiments.
Finding an Unknown Number of Multivariate Outliers (2008)

Summary We use the forward search to provide robust Mahalanobis distances to detect the presence of outliers in a sample of multivariate normal data. Theoretical results on order statistics and on estimation in truncated samples provide the distribution of our test statistic. We also introduce several new robust distances with associated distributional results. Comparisons of our procedure with tests using other robust Mahalanobis distances show the good size and high power of our procedure. We also provide a unification of results on correction factors for estimation from truncated samples.
Uridine Phosphorylase Association with Vimentin (2001)

Uridine phosphorylase (UPase), a key enzyme in the pyrimidine salvage pathway, is associated with the intermediate filament protein vimentin, in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and colon 26 cells. Affinity chromatography was utilized to purify UPase from colon 26 and NIH 3T3 cells using the uridine phosphorylase inhibitor 5'-amino benzylacyclouridine linked to an agarose matrix. Vimentin copurification with UPase was confirmed using both Western blot analysis and MALDI-MS methods. Separation of cytosolic proteins using gel filtration chromatography yields a high molecular weight complex containing UPase and vimentin. Purified recombinant UPase and recombinant vimentin were shown to bind in vitro with an affinity of 120 pm and a stoichiometry of 1:2. Immunofluorescence techniques confirm that UPase is associated with vimentin in both NIH 3T3 and colon 26 cells and that depolymerization of the microtubule system using nocodazole results in UPase remaining associated with the collapsed intermediate filament, vimentin. Our data demonstrate that UPase is associated with both the soluble and insoluble pools of vimentin. Approximately 60-70% of the total UPase exists in the cytosol as a soluble protein. Sequential extraction of NIH 3T3 or colon 26 cells liberates an additional 30-40% UPase activity associated with a detergent extractable fraction. All pools of UPase have been shown to possess enzymatic activity. We demonstrate for the first time that UPase is associated with vimentin and the existence of an enzymatically active cytoskeleton-associated UPase.
Production of Very High Magnetic Fields by Implosion (1960)

Magnetic fields are produced in the 10–15 megagauss range by use of high explosives which compress the flux obtained from initial fields of approximately a hundred thousand gauss. The fields described here occupy a cylindrical volume and are essentially axial. A typical field might have these general characteristics: Peak field 14 megagauss; 2 μsec duration from 10–14 megagauss; field volume around peak, 6 mm diameter, 50 mm estimated length.
Pyridine and ammonia as probes for FTIR analysis of solid acid catalysts (1996)

Pyridine and ammonia have been used as probe molecules for the quantitative analysis of surface acidity of some solid catalysts by FTIR spectroscopy. For pyridine, a scale of acidity and an evaluation of the relative acid strength at different temperatures (373–773 K) were obtained for both Brønsted- and Lewis-acid sites. Correlation was verified between the concentration of Brønsted sites and the catalytic activity of the catalysts examined for the dehydration of 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyridine to 2-vinylpyridine. In contrast, ammonia was a much less reliable probe, mainly due to the overlapping of the resulting IR absorption bands. Moreover, it decomposed even at rather low temperatures, when adsorbed onto the catalysts.
Alloreactivity as a Source of High Avidity Peptide-Specific Human CTL (1999)

PBL from HLA-A2- or HLA-A3- donors were stimulated with synthetic peptide libraries fitting HLA-A2 or HLA-A3 motifs and presented on HLA-A2- or HLA-A3-expressing TAP- cells. Peptide library-specific allorestricted CTL were found to constitute up to half the alloreactive CTL response and occurred at twofold lower frequency than autologous peptide library-specific CTL. This indicates that positive selection by one particular MHC class I molecule is not absolutely essential for the generation of CTL restricted to the same molecule. However, positive selection increases their frequency. The CTL obtained differed greatly both with respect to peptide dependency and peptide specificity. Determination of the peptide avidity for one representative CTL clone, 10F4, proved that the method described here allows the stimulation of high avidity cytotoxic T cells. This approach involving in vitro stimulation of T cells restricted toward a MHC molecule that was not present during their negative selection might therefore offer the possibility of isolating CTL against self and foreign peptides with varying avidities. Such T cells might indeed be useful for tumor immunotherapy.
Ferric ion sequestering agents. 22. Synthesis and characterization of macrobicyclic iron(III) sequestering agents (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFerric ion sequestering agents. 22. Synthesis and characterization of macrobicyclic iron(III) sequestering agentsThomas M. Garrett, Thomas J. McMurry, Mir Wais Hosseini, Zelideth E. Reyes, F. Ekkehardt Hahn, and Kenneth N. RaymondCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 8, 2965–2977Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00008a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00008a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views847Altmetric-Citations113LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A Selective Sparse Coding Model with Embedded Attention Mechanism (2007)

Sparse coding theory demonstrates that the neurons in primary visual cortex form a sparse representation of natural scenes in the viewpoint of statistics, but a typical scene contains many different patterns (corresponding to neurons in cortex) competing for neural representation because of the limited processing capacity of the visual system. We propose an attention-guided sparse coding model (AGSC). This model includes two modules: non-uniform sampling module simulating the process of retina and data-driven attention module based on the response saliency (RS). Our experiment results show that the model notably decreases the number of coefficients that may be activated and retains the main vision information at the same time. It provides a way to improve the coding efficiency for sparse coding model and to achieve good performance in both population sparseness and lifetime sparseness.
The Telecommunications and Data Acquisition Progress Report 42-123 (1995)

The progress of research programs monitored by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Telecommunications and Mission Operations Directorate (TMOD) are presented in this quarterly document. Areas monitored include space communications, radio navigation, radio science, ground-based radio and radar astronomy, information systems, and all other communication and research technology activities for the Deep Space Network (DSN).
<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> biofilm matrix polysaccharide Psl is regulated transcriptionally by RpoS and post‐transcriptionally by RsmA (2010)

Extracellular polysaccharides are important components of biofilms. In non-mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, the Pel and Psl polysaccharides are major structural components of the biofilm matrix. In this study, we demonstrate that the alternative σ-factor RpoS is a positive transcriptional regulator of psl gene expression. Furthermore, we show that psl mRNA has an extensive 5' untranslated region, to which the post-transcriptional regulator RsmA binds and represses psl translation. Our observations suggest that upon binding RsmA, the region spanning the ribosome binding site of psl mRNA folds into a secondary stem-loop structure that blocks the Shine-Dalgarno sequence, preventing ribosome access and protein translation. This constitutes a novel mechanism for translational repression by this family of regulators.