gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Failure of Immunologic Purging in Mantle Cell Lymphoma Assessed by Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection of Minimal Residual Disease (1997)

To assess the clinical significance of minimal residual disease (MRD) detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) we analyzed samples from 26 patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) who had undergone bone marrow transplantation (BMT) at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. The BCL-1/IgH translocation and clonally rearranged Ig heavy chain genes (IgH) provided molecular markers for detection and follow-up of MRD by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification in 19 of the 26 (73%) MCL patients studied. IgH gene sequencing analysis showed somatic mutations in MCL that are characteristic of an antigen driven process suggesting that, in MCL, the final malignant transformation occurs in a mature B cell. Of the 19 patients with a PCR amplifiable marker, 17 underwent autologous, 1 an allogeneic, and 1 a syngeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). All patients had PCR-detectable MRD in the bone marrow (BM) at the time of BMT, irrespective of any history of histological BM involvement. In contrast to other B-cell malignancies, we found that immunological purging with complement-mediated lysis eradicated PCR-detectable MCL in only two patients. Moreover reinfusion of MRD was associated with a poor outcome. More than half of the patients undergoing autologous BMT had relapsed by the time of restaging at 2 years after autologous BMT. In four MCL patients in whom no residual lymphoma was reinfused, including the allogeneic and the syngeneic BMT, only one patient relapsed. Persistence of MRD detection after BMT was also associated with a high probability of relapse, although one patient did not have PCR-detectable MRD in peripheral blood or BM before relapse at nodal sites. We conclude that PCR amplification of disease-specific markers is a feasible and sensitive method to assess MRD and its clinical significance in patients with MCL. Moreover, PCR amplification provides a tool to evaluate modifications of purging and stem cell collection procedures that may be required for the management of this otherwise incurable disease.
Looking for Information (2002)

Focuses on the topics of information seeking, information behavior and information practices. This title covers such topics as: the nature of information, information needs and uses, sensemaking, information avoidance, communication among scientists and scholars, relevant social and psychological theories, and applicable research methodologies.
The relationship between hypertrophy and dilatation in the postmortem heart (1988)

Confusion may exist at the time of postmortem examination as to whether the diseased heart is dilated, hypertrophied, or both. Ventricular dilatation and ventricular hypertrophy were therefore evaluated by cardiac partition techniques in 441 subjects at autopsy to determine their relationship. Specific weight and surface area of each ventricle were obtained and patients were divided into categories of disease. Wall thickness measurements, a parameter routinely used in the ordinary autopsy, were found to be unreliable in defining hypertrophy. Ventricular surface area (an index of dilatation) was highly correlated with ventricular weight in most disease categories. Exceptions were cardiomyopathy and aortic stenosis, in which hypertrophy predominated. We conclude from these data that dilatation and hypertrophy occur proportionately in the postmortem heart in most disease categories except in cardiomyopathy and aortic stenosis. These findings clarify the relationship of dilatation and hypertrophy at the time of autopsy in most cases. Therefore, uncertainty as to whether cardiac dilatation or hypertrophy is present or which predominates is usually related to the inability to assess these states critically at the time of autopsy when the ordinary pathological methods are used.
Thermal specifications for pluggable optics modules (2016)

Thermal aspects of pluggable optics modules operation are currently covered by manufacturer MSA agreements and by an OIF implementation agreement. This paper discusses the background that led to the creation of the OIF agreement and examines parameters as defined therein. These parameters include surface finish, flatness, case conductivity, and relative location of heat source and riding heatsink thermal interface that affect temperature losses across the interface between the module and the heatsink. A limited examination of the effects of host PCB heat loads on module temperatures and the implications for calibration of internal sensors is included.
Motion adaptive pro-scan converter with two dimensional contour enhancement (1990)

To effectively suppress deficiencies associated with the interlaced scanning, which yields a poor result in terms of the vertical picture resolution, a practical motion adaptive pro-scan line interpolator was developed. The system is composed of an intrafield interpolator, an interfield interpolator, three contour compensation filters, and a motion detector. For still pictures, the interpolated lines of the previous field are properly delayed and intermingled with the scanning lines of the actual field, in order to up convert the vertical sampling rate. When moving pictures are present, the scanning lines of the up-converted frames are obtained by switching the outputs of the intrafield interpolator. The progressive commutation between the interfield and intrafield interpolation processes is controlled by a motion detector with a frame averaging filter. In the proposed system, each line averaging filter acts mainly as a vertical low-pass filter which, together with the corresponding horizontal low-pass filter, constitutes the core of the contour compensation circuit.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Transforming growth factor-? proliferated vascular smooth muscle cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats (1995)

To clarify whether the growth inhibitors, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), heparin, and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) contribute to the development of vascular hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), the growth of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) was evaluated both for cell numbers over a period of 4 days, and [3H]thymidine incorporation over 24 h. Heparin and IFN-gamma inhibited the proliferation of VSMC from SHR and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. TGF-beta 1 enhanced SHR-VSMC proliferation by 16.6 +/- 8.9%; in contrast TGF-beta 1 inhibited WKY-VSMC proliferation by 60.5 +/- 7.4%. There was no difference in affinity, number of binding sites, or subtype expression of TGF-beta 1 receptor between SHR-VSMC and WKY-VSMC. This evidence suggests that the signal transduction system of TGF-beta 1 either the receptor itself or downstream signaling molecules, may be altered in SHR-VSMC versus WKY-VSMC. This abnormal responsiveness to TGF-beta 1 is involved in the proliferative characteristics of SHR-VSMC. Therefore, TGF-beta 1 could contribute to the development of hypertension or vascular hypertrophy in SHR.
HOLOGRAPHIC STORAGE IN DOPED BARIUM SODIUM NIOBATE (Ba2NaNb5O15) (1971)

This paper describes the results obtained using doped crystals of Ba2NaNb5O15 for phase holographic storage. Very short-lived holograms with less than 1% diffraction efficiencies were obtained in nominally pure crystals. Doping with Fe and Mo yields holograms with much longer decay times and diffraction efficiencies of 67% in a 0.32-cm-thick crystal. The energy density required to reach 40% diffraction efficiency was 6 J/cm2.
Nucleic Acid Recognition by Metal Complexes of Bleomycin (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNucleic Acid Recognition by Metal Complexes of BleomycinCraig A. Claussen and Eric C. LongView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Purdue School of Science, Indiana University Purdue UniversityIndianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-3274 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 9, 2797–2816Publication Date (Web):August 17, 1999Publication History Received10 March 1999Revised14 June 1999Published online17 August 1999Published inissue 8 September 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr980449zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr980449zresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1864Altmetric-Citations226LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Crystal cleavage,Genetics,Ligands,Metals Get e-Alerts
Nanoscale analysis of unstained biological specimens in water without radiation damage using high-resolution frequency transmission electric-field system based on FE-SEM (2015)

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been widely used to examine biological specimens of bacteria, viruses and proteins. Until now, atmospheric and/or wet biological specimens have been examined using various atmospheric holders or special equipment involving SEM. Unfortunately, they undergo heavy radiation damage by the direct electron beam. In addition, images of unstained biological samples in water yield poor contrast. We recently developed a new analytical technology involving a frequency transmission electric-field (FTE) method based on thermionic SEM. This method is suitable for high-contrast imaging of unstained biological specimens. Our aim was to optimise the method. Here we describe a high-resolution FTE system based on field-emission SEM; it allows for imaging and nanoscale examination of various biological specimens in water without radiation damage. The spatial resolution is 8 nm, which is higher than 41 nm of the existing FTE system. Our new method can be easily utilised for examination of unstained biological specimens including bacteria, viruses and protein complexes. Furthermore, our high-resolution FTE system can be used for diverse liquid samples across a broad range of scientific fields, e.g. nanoparticles, nanotubes and organic and catalytic materials.
The Neuronal Apoptosis Inhibitory Protein (Naip) Is Expressed in Macrophages and Is Modulated After Phagocytosis and During Intracellular Infection with <i>Legionella pneumophila</i> (2000)

Legionella pneumophila is an intracellular pathogen that causes Legionnaires' disease in humans. Inbred mouse strains are uniformly resistant to L. pneumophila infection with the notable exception of A/J, where the chromosome 13 locus Lgn1 renders A/J macrophages permissive to L. pneumophila replication. The mouse Lgn1 region is syntenic with the spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) locus on human chromosome 5 and includes several copies of the neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (Naip) gene. We have analyzed a possible link among Lgn1, Naip, and macrophage function. RNA expression studies show that Naip (mostly copy 2) mRNA transcripts are expressed in macrophage-rich tissues, such as spleen, lung, and liver and are abundant in primary macrophages. Immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation analyses identify Naip protein expression in mouse macrophages and in macrophage cell lines RAW 264.7 and J774A. Interestingly, macrophages from permissive A/J mice express significantly less Naip protein than their nonpermissive C57BL/6J counterpart. Naip protein expression is increased after phagocytic events. Naip protein levels during infection with either virulent or avirulent strains of L. pneumophila increase during the first 6 h postinfection and remain elevated during the 48-h observation period. This enhanced expression is also observed in macrophages infected with Salmonella typhimurium. Likewise, an increase in Naip protein levels in macrophages is observed 24 h after phagocytosis of Latex beads. The cosegregation of Lgn1 and Naip together with the detected Naip protein expression in host macrophages as well as its modulation after phagocytic events and during intracellular infection make it an attractive candidate for the Lgn1 locus.
High-Mobility-Group Protein I Can Modulate Binding of Transcription Factors to the U5 Region of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Proviral Promoter (2000)

HMG I/Y appears to be a multifunctional protein that relies on in its ability to interact with DNA in a structure-specific manner and with DNA, binding transcriptional activators via distinct protein-protein interaction surfaces. To investigate the hypothesis that HMG I/Y may have a role in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) expression, we have analyzed whether HMG I/Y interacts with the 5' long terminal repeat and whether this interaction can modulate transcription factor binding. Using purified recombinant HMG I, we have identified several high-affinity binding sites which overlap important transcription factor binding sites. One of these HMG I binding sites coincides with an important binding site for AP-1 located downstream of the transcriptional start site, in the 5' untranslated region at the boundary of a positioned nucleosome. HMG I binding to this composite site inhibits the binding of recombinant AP-1. Consistent with this observation, using nuclear extracts prepared from Jurkat T cells, we show that HMG I (but not HMG Y) is strongly induced upon phorbol myristate acetate stimulation and this induced HMG I appears to both selectively inhibit the binding of basal DNA-binding proteins and enhance the binding of an inducible AP-1 transcription factor to this AP-1 binding site. We also report the novel finding that a component present in this inducible AP-1 complex is ATF-3. Taken together, these results argue that HMG I may play a fundamental role in HIV-1 expression by determining the nature of transcription factor-promoter interactions.
First Steps Toward Camera Model Identification With Convolutional Neural Networks (2016)

Detecting the camera model used to shoot a picture enables to solve a wide series of forensic problems, from copyright infringement to ownership attribution. For this reason, the forensic community has developed a set of camera model identification algorithms that exploit characteristic traces left on acquired images by the processing pipelines specific of each camera model. In this letter, we investigate a novel approach to solve camera model identification problem. Specifically, we propose a data-driven algorithm based on convolutional neural networks, which learns features characterizing each camera model directly from the acquired pictures. Results on a well-known dataset of 18 camera models show that: 1) the proposed method outperforms up-to-date state-of-the-art algorithms on classification of 64 × 64 color image patches; 2) features learned by the proposed network generalize to camera models never used for training.
Contribution of lignan analogues to antioxidative activity of refined unroasted sesame seed oil (1986)

Abstract A lignan compound, P3, having strong antioxidative activity was found to be formed in high concentration during the industrial bleaching process of unroasted sesame seed oil. P3 (named sesaminol) was identical to a minor constituent previously isolated from acetone extract of sesame seed. It was shown that sesamolin in unprocessed sesame oil is the source of seaseminol, and the formation of seasaminol was confirmed by the model experiment with corn oil to which sesamolin had been added. Sesaminol was not so greatly removed by the deodorization process that follows bleaching as was sesamol, and it was shown to be at a concentration of ca. 100 mg/100g in commercial refined unroasted seed oil. The antioxidative activity of sesaminol was foughly equal to those of sesamol and γ‐tocopherol by the thiocyanate method. Therefore, it seems that the antionxidative activity of refined unroasted seed oil is mainly attributed to sesaminol.
Channel capacity in bits per joule (1986)

Underwater acoustic telemetry has a total input energy constraint, since the energy is stored in the transmitter's batteries. This work is primarily rephrasing the work in channel capacity in terms of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C_{J}</tex> bit/J as compared to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</tex> bit/s, to emphasize the energy efficiency and to deemphasize the speed of the telemetry. The energy channel capacity <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C_{J}</tex> , for any waveform channel with well-defined capacity <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</tex> bit/s at signal power <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</tex> watts, is defined as <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C/S</tex> bit/J. It is shown that for coherent binary frequency shift keying (BFSK) and waveform channels, the supremum of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C_{J}</tex> over <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</tex> is approached as <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</tex> approaches zero. For the Gaussian channel the best coding uses narrow bands with the highest S/N.
Organic patch sensor for electro-optic measurement of electrical signals in integrated circuits (1991)

A highly sensitive, versatile and low-cost electric field sensor has been developed for measuring internal electrical signals in integrated circuits using an electro-optic sampling technique. This sensor uses an organic nonlinear optical (NLO) polymer coated on thin polyimide films and is directly bonded to the circuit under test without a mirror coating. Electro-optic sampling was conducted using the sensor, and a voltage sensitivity of less than a few tens of millivolts was obtained.
Wetting of rough surfaces: a homogenization approach (2004)

The contact angle of a drop in equilibrium on a solid is strongly affected by the roughness of the surface on which it rests. We study the roughness–induced enhancement of the hydrophobic or hydrophilic properties of a solid surface through homogenization theory. By relying on a variational formulation of the problem, we show that the macroscopic contact angle is associated with the solution of two cell problems, giving the minimal energy per unit macroscopic area for a transition layer between the rough solid surface and a liquid or vapour phase. Our results are valid for both chemically heterogeneous and homogeneous surfaces. In the latter case, a very transparent structure emerges from the variational approach: the classical laws of Wenzel and Cassie–Baxter give bounds for the optimal energy, and configurations of minimal energy are those leading to the smallest macroscopic contact angle in the hydrophobic case, to the largest one in the hydrophilic case.
[Neuropsychiatric disorders and GABA]. (2004)

In the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), the inhibitory GABAergic system is composed of different signaling molecules such as glutamate decaroxylase, vesicular GABA transporters, GABA receptors, GABA transporters and GABA transaminase. A prevailing view is that the balance between excitatory signaling mediated by glutamate and inhibitory signaling mediated by GABA plays a pivotal role in mechanisms underlying the modulation and maintenance of a variety of neural functions. Therefore, abnormalities in a GABAergic signaling molecule would lead to a crisis of severe symptoms relevant to a number of neuropsychiatric disorders. These include epilepsy, depression, schizophrenia, stiff-person syndrome, drug addiction and so on. In this review article, we will summarize recent studies on the relationship between the malfunction of GABAergic signaling molecules and the etiology of these neuropsychiatric disorders. We will also refer to novel strategies on GABAergic signaling molecules other than GABA receptors for therapeutic usefulness in the future.
Aluminum-Nitrogen Polymers by Condensation Reactions<sup>1</sup> (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAluminum-Nitrogen Polymers by Condensation Reactions1A. W. Laubengayer, J. D. Smith, and Garry G. EhrlichCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 3, 542–546Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1961https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01464a009RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views180Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (705 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Setting WIP levels with statistical throughput control (STC) in CONWIP production lines (1998)

We develop a simple adaptive production control method for setting WIP levels to meet target production rates in a pull production operating under the CONWIP (Constant work in process) protocol. This method, termed Statistical Throughput Control (STC), uses real-time data to automatically adjust WIP levels (via kanban cards) in the face of noisy estimates of throughput. Because STC does not rely on a steady-state model, it is well-suited to systems subject to environmental changes such as those induced by continuous improvement efforts. Using simulation, we demonstrate the effectivness of STC under a variety of conditions, including single and multiple products, simple flow lines, routeings with shared resources and assembly systems.