gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ligandless Microwave-Assisted Pd/Cu-Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Oxazoles (2008)

An efficient microwave-assisted palladium/copper co-mediated direct arylation of oxazoles with aryl bromides under ligandless conditions has been developed. The method is functional group tolerant and provides rapid access to medicinally relevant compounds in good yields. Coupled to the van Leusen oxazole ring synthesis, this methodology is illustrated by an expedient two-step synthesis of the four 2,5-diaryloxazole alkaloids texamine, texaline, balsoxin, and O-Me-halfordinol from commercially available starting materials.
Antitumor effects of ZD6474 on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (2016)

Angiogenesis is required for tumor growth and metastasis and, therefore, represents a target for cancer treatment. While many factors have been implicated in promoting angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a key role in tumor angiogenesis. ZD6474 is a potent VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) tyrosine kinase inhibitor which also has activity against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase. The purpose of this study was to investigate the sensitivity of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines to ZD6474, and to evaluate its antitumor efficacy on HNSCC xenografts. This is the first demonstration of antitumor effects of ZD6474 on HNSCC. In vitro ZD6474 displayed antiproliferative effects on HNSCC cells and inhibition of VEGFR-2 and EGFR pathways. In vivo ZD6474 displayed antitumor activity, induced apoptosis and antiangiogenic activity on nude mice bearing an established xenograft of YCU-H891 cells. These results suggest that ZD6474 has the potential to inhibit two key pathways in tumor growth via inhibition of VEGF-dependent tumor angiogenesis and via inhibition of EGFR-dependent tumor cell proliferation.
A dedicated follower of fashion? Topical medications and wounds (2001)

This article reviews the factors that impinge on the application of topical medications in wound care. The role of systemic and topical antibiotics in wound care is reviewed. Similarly, two antiseptics — iodine and silver, of great current interest in wound management — are scrutinized. The value of these topical agents in the management of wound bioburden should be ascertained from the perspective of understanding the advantages and disadvantages of their use and not established from what is currently the trend.
A survey of human cancers for human papillomavirus DNA by filter hybridization (1987)

We examined 217 tissue samples of various human malignancies for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA using low-stringency filter hybridization techniques. These techniques were sufficiently sensitive for crosshybridization of the HPV DNA probes to all the known types of papillomavirus DNAs, both human and animal. Approximately 2% of the cancers analyzed contained HPV DNA. These included carcinomas of the lung, cecum, tongue, and neck. Three of four cancers contained HPV-16-related nucleotide sequences. Thus, in addition to previous data demonstrating the association of HPV DNA with certain cancers of the skin and genital tract, data is presented that indicates that several additional human cancers also contain HPV-related nucleotide sequences.
Towards "Guardian Angels" and Improved Mobile User Experience (2008)

Today's mobile users expect high-quality experience which involves both high quality services as well as high service availability. It may take only a few bad service experiences such as dropped calls, unavailable navigation service, or delayed emails, to cause a mobile customer to consider switching service providers. Although great progress has been made in the radio communication and operations optimization as well as in the customer services areas, there are some hard technical problems yet to be solved to offer a personalized quality of service assurance across both the basic phone service and advanced applications. Our position as a major telecommunication software provider has given us great insight into these issues and in this paper we present the theoretical and architectural details of two interrelated approaches that could provide feasible means for improved quality of mobile user experience through intelligent device and network-resident software components. For the end user it will seem as though a "guardian angel" is on her shoulder describing, predicting and explaining disruptive events.
TiO<sub>2</sub> Printed Aluminum Foil: Single-Use Film for a Laser Desorption/Ionization Target Plate (2009)

Single-use aluminum foil-based laser desorption/ionization (LDI) target plates have been developed for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis and provide detection results comparable to those of commercial stainless steel plates while offering a convenient way to avoid the time-consuming surface cleaning process. Additionally, arrays of TiO(2) nanoparticle spots are coated on the foil either by screen-printing or rotogravure-printing followed by sintering to form a mesoporous layer spot to act as an anchor for sample deposition. These TiO(2) spots offer further functions to the Al foil, such as matrix-free laser desorption/ionization or specific affinity for in situ enrichment of phosphopeptides. The single-use TiO(2)-Al foils are cheap to produce, easy to use, and well suited for high-throughput proteomics research. They can also be of interest for protein post-translational modifications study.
Self-Assembled Virus-like Particles with Magnetic Cores (2007)

Efficient encapsulation of functionalized spherical nanoparticles by viral protein cages was found to occur even if the nanoparticle is larger than the inner cavity of the native capsid. This result raises the intriguing possibility of reprogramming the self-assembly of viral structural proteins. The iron oxide nanotemplates used in this work are superparamagnetic, with a blocking temperature of about 250 K, making these virus-like particles interesting for applications such as magnetic resonance imaging and biomagnetic materials. Another novel feature of the virus-like particle assembly described in this work is the use of an anionic lipid micelle coat instead of a molecular layer covalently bound to the inorganic nanotemplate. Differences between the two functionalization strategies are discussed.
Impact of Memory Technology Trends on Performance of Web Systems (2006)

The hardware technology continues to improve at a considerable rate. Besides the Moore law increments of the CPU speed, it should be considered that the capacity of the main memory in the last years is increasing at an even more impressive rate. One of the consequences of a continuous increment of memory resource is that we can design and implement memory-embedded Web sites, where both the static resources and the database information are kept in main memory. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of memory trends on the performance of e-commerce sites that continue to be an important reference for Internet-based services in terms of complexity of the hardware/software technology and in terms of performance, availability and scalability requirements. However, most results are valid even for other Web-based services. We demonstrate through experiments on a real system how the system bottlenecks change depending on the amount of memory that is (or will be) available for the Web site data. This analysis allows us to anticipate the interventions on the hardware/software components that could improve the capacity of present and future Web systems for content generation and delivery.
Spontaneous Low-Frequency Oscillations Decline in the Aging Brain (2004)

It is well known that aging leads to a degeneration of the vascular system. Hence, one may hypothesize that spontaneous oscillations decrease in the cerebral microvasculature with aging. Accordingly, the authors investigated the age dependency of spontaneous oscillations in the visual cortex during rest and functional activation. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used because it is particularly sensitive to the microvasculature. Visual stimulation led to an increase of oxyhemoglobin, total hemoglobin, and a decrease of deoxyhemoglobin, without any influence of age. Peaks of normalized power spectral density were detected for spontaneous low-frequency (0.07 to 0.11 Hz) and very-low-frequency (0.01 to 0.05 Hz) oscillations, with a higher amplitude for oxyhemoglobin than for deoxyhemoglobin. Spontaneous low-frequency oscillations of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin declined strongly with aging during both rest and visual stimulation. Reduction of spontaneous low-frequency oscillations might indicate a declining spontaneous activity in microvascular smooth muscle cells, in conjunction with an increased vessel stiffness with aging.
The long QT syndrome: Therapeutic implications of a genetic diagnosis (2005)

The congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a hereditary disorder characterized by a prolonged QT interval and a polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, known as torsade de pointes (TdP), leading to severe cardiac events such as syncope and/or sudden cardiac death. Molecular genetic studies have revealed a total of eight forms of congenital LQTS caused by mutations in genes of the potassium, sodium and calcium channels or membrane adapter located on chromosomes 3, 4, 7, 11, 12, 17 and 21. Genotype-phenotype correlation in clinical and experimental studies has been investigated in detail in the LQT1, LQT2 and LQT3 syndromes which constitute more than 90% of genotyped patients with LQTS, enabling us to stratify risk and to effectively treat genotyped patients.
Public Accountability vs. Secret Laws: Can They Coexist? (2017)

"Our Laws are not generally known; they are kept secret by the small group of nobles who rule us. We are convinced that these ancient laws are scrupulously administered; nevertheless it is an extremely painful thing to be ruled by laws that one does not know."--Franz Kafka, Parables and Paradoxes.
Quantifying the performance isolation properties of virtualization systems (2007)

In this paper, we present the design of a performance isolation benchmark that quantifies the degree to which a virtualization system limits the impact of a misbehaving virtual machine on other well-behaving virtual machines running on the same physical machine. Our test suite includes six different stress tests - a CPU intensive test, a memory intensive test, a disk intensive test, two network intensive tests (send and receive) and a fork bomb. We describe the design of our benchmark suite and present results of testing three flavors of virtualization systems -- an example of full virtualization (VMware Workstation), an example of paravirtualization (Xen) and two examples of operating system level virtualization (Solaris Containers and OpenVZ). We find that the full virtualization system offers complete isolation in all cases and that the paravirtualization system offers nearly the same benefits -- no degradation in many cases with at most 1.7% degradation in the disk intensive test. The results for operating system level virtualization systems are varied -- illustrating the complexity of achieving isolation of all resources in a tightly coupled system. Our results highlight the difference between these classes of virtualization systems as well as the importance of considering multiple categories of resource consumption when evaluating the performance isolation properties of a virtualization system.
Innate protection from graft-versus-host disease (2014)

n this issue of Blood, Hazenberg and Spits provide a detailed overview of human innate lymphoid cell (ILC) subsets and their development and distribution throughout the human body, discussing these cells in the context of human disease. In the same issue, Munneke et al for the first time link ILCs to human hematopoietic malignancies by identifying a clear correlation between the presence of activated ILCs after induction chemotherapy and the absence of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) development following subsequent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).
6LoWPAN-SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol for 6LoWPAN (2009)

We propose a 6LoWPAN-SNMP that enables transmission of SNMP messages over IPv6-enabled low-power wireless personal area networks (6LoWPAN). The 6LoWPAN-SNMP is an extended modification of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). Compared to traditional IP-networks, 6LoWPAN is a severely resource-constrained network; hence, existing SNMP protocols need to be modified to meet the goals in RFC 4919, ldquo6LoWPAN Problems and Goalsrdquo. The proposed 6LoWPAN-SNMP provides for native communication of SNMP messages on LoWPAN networks. The proposed mechanism is resource-efficient and fully compatible with the standard SNMP. It utilizes SNMP header compression and provides extended protocol operations to reduce the number of SNMP messages generated among the SNMP entities. Compatibility with the standard SNMP is achieved by a proxy forwarder on the 6LoWPAN gateway. The proposed mechanism is implemented on actual hardware platforms using the open-source Net-SNMP library and the Berkeley 6LoWPAN on the TinyOS 2.1. The feasibility and effectiveness of 6LoWPAN-SNMP is evaluated. The experimental results show that 6LoWPAN can be effectively supported with network management functionality based on SNMP.
Triple mass spectrometry (MS/MS/MS) with a floated collision cell in a four‐sector tandem mass spectrometer (1991)

Abstract A method is described for carrying out triple mass spectrometry (MS/MS/MS) experiments with an electrically floated collision cell in the third field‐free region on a tandem double‐focusing mass spectrometer. The method described may use magnet calibration obtained at any accelerating voltage and is generally applicable at any value of the collision cell voltage. The utility of the method to acquire MS/MS/MS spectra of enhanced quality is demonstrated on a JEOL JMS‐HX110/HX110 four‐sector mass spectrometer.
Purification and Physical−Chemical Properties of Methanobactin:  A Chalkophore from <i>Methylosinus trichosporium</i> OB3b (2005)

Methanobactin is an extracellular, copper-binding chromopeptide from the methane-oxidizing bacterium, Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b, believed to be involved in copper detoxification, sequestration, and uptake. Although small (1217.2 Da), methanobactin possesses a complex three-dimensional macrocyclic structure with several unusual moieties. The molecule binds one copper and has the N-2-isopropylester-(4-thionyl-5-hydroxyimidazolate)-Gly(1)-Ser(2)-Cys(3)-Tyr(4)-pyrrolidine-(4-hydroxy-5-thionylimidazolate)-Ser(5)-Cys(6)-Met(7) sequence [Kim, H. J., et al. (2004) Science 305, 1612-1615]. We report methods for purifying methanobactin from M. trichosporium OB3b and present initial evidence of its physiological function. MALDI-TOF MS was used to systematically monitor samples for optimizing purification conditions, and for detecting and analyzing specific metal-methanobactin complexes. Purification was performed by first stabilizing the extracted compound with copper followed by separation using reversed-phase HPLC in neutral pH buffers. Purified methanobactin exhibited UV-visible maxima at 342 nm, a shoulder at 388 nm, and a broad peak at 282 nm. These features were lost upon CuCl(2) titration with appearance of new features at 335, 356, 290, and 255 nm. Furthermore, methanobactin contains two fluorescent moieties, which exhibit broad emissions at 440-460 nm (lambda(max)(ex) at 388 nm) and 390-430 nm (lambda(max)(ex) = 342 nm), respectively. Finally, methanobactin eliminates the growth lag in M. trichosporium OB3b and substantially increases growth rates when cultures are exposed to elevated copper levels.
The IBM 2016 Speaker Recognition System (2016)

In this paper we describe the recent advancements made in the IBM i-vector speaker recognition system for conversational speech. In particular, we identify key techniques that contribute to significant improvements in performance of our system, and quantify their contributions. The techniques include: 1) a nearest-neighbor discriminant analysis (NDA) approach that is formulated to alleviate some of the limitations associated with the conventional linear discriminant analysis (LDA) that assumes Gaussian class-conditional distributions, 2) the application of speaker- and channel-adapted features, which are derived from an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system, for speaker recognition, and 3) the use of a deep neural network (DNN) acoustic model with a large number of output units (~10k senones) to compute the frame-level soft alignments required in the i-vector estimation process. We evaluate these techniques on the NIST 2010 speaker recognition evaluation (SRE) extended core conditions involving telephone and microphone trials. Experimental results indicate that: 1) the NDA is more effective (up to 35% relative improvement in terms of EER) than the traditional parametric LDA for speaker recognition, 2) when compared to raw acoustic features (e.g., MFCCs), the ASR speaker-adapted features provide gains in speaker recognition performance, and 3) increasing the number of output units in the DNN acoustic model (i.e., increasing the senone set size from 2k to 10k) provides consistent improvements in performance (for example from 37% to 57% relative EER gains over our baseline GMM i-vector system). To our knowledge, results reported in this paper represent the best performances published to date on the NIST SRE 2010 extended core tasks.
Privacy preserving record linkage using homomorphic encryption (2015)

The bloom filter method for privacy preserving record linkage [24] has been shown to be both efficient, and provide equivalent linkage quality to that achievable with unencoded identifiers [23]. However in some situations, the bloom filter method may be vulnerable to frequency attacks, which could potentially leak identifying information [18]. In this paper we extend the bloom filter protocol to include a homomorphic encryption step which removes the vulnerability to frequency attacks. We evaluate our method by conducting a de-duplication of emergency presentation data.
Semi-polar {1 $\mathbf{\bar{1}}$   0 1} blue and green InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes on micro-stripe patterned Si (1 0 0) (2015)

A novel III-nitride-based light emitting diode (LED) fabrication process which is based on selective-area epitaxial growth on Si {1 1 1} facets etched into Si (1 0 0) substrates is presented. A micro-stripe pattern is formed with semi-polar {1 0 1} crystallographic planes of GaN evolving from an epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELOG)-like process. The {1 0 1} planes of GaN serve as a template for the growth of semi-polar blue and green LED structures with InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQW). A complete fabrication chain encompassing substrate etching, metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE), characterization, LED processing and device manufacture has been developed.
Multi-agent plan reconfiguration under local LTL specifications (2014)

We propose a cooperative motion and task planning scheme for multi-agent systems where the agents have independently assigned local tasks, specified as linear temporal logic formulas. These tasks contain hard and soft sub-specifications. A least-violating initial plan is synthesized first for the potentially infeasible task and the partially-known workspace. This discrete plan is then implemented by the potential-field-based navigation controllers. While the system runs, each agent updates its knowledge about the workspace via its sensing capability and shares this knowledge with its neighbouring agents. Based on the knowledge update, each agent verifies and revises its motion plan in real time. It is ensured that the hard specification is always fulfilled for safety and the satisfaction for the soft specification is improved gradually. The design is distributed as only local interactions are assumed. The overall framework is demonstrated by a case study and an experiment.
Video Coding on Multicore Graphics Processors (2010)

In this article, we investigate using multi-core graphics processing units (GPUs) for video encoding and decoding. After an overview of video coding and GPUs, we review some previous work on structuring video coding modules so that the massive parallel processing capability of GPUs can be harnessed. We also review previous work on partitioning the video decoding flow between the central processing unit (CPU) and GPU. After that, we discuss in detail a GPU based fast motion estimation to illustrate some design considerations in using GPUs for video coding, and the tradeoff between speedup and rate-distortion performance. Our results highlight the importance to expose as much data parallelism as possible in designing algorithms for GPUs.
Probing the reaction pathway in (La<sub>0.8</sub>Sr<sub>0.2</sub>)<sub>0.95</sub>MnO<sub>3+δ</sub> using libraries of thin film microelectrodes (2015)

Oxygen electro-reduction occurs preferentially at the exposed grain boundaries of (La,Sr)MnO<sub>3</sub>, as determined by automated impedance measurements of hundreds of microdot electrodes with varied geometrical and microstructural features.
Lifetime-based memory management for distributed data processing systems (2016)

In-memory caching of intermediate data and eager combining of data in shuffle buffers have been shown to be very effective in minimizing the re-computation and I/O cost in distributed data processing systems like Spark and Flink. However, it has also been widely reported that these techniques would create a large amount of long-living data objects in the heap, which may quickly saturate the garbage collector, especially when handling a large dataset, and hence would limit the scalability of the system. To eliminate this problem, we propose a lifetime-based memory management framework, which, by automatically analyzing the user-defined functions and data types, obtains the expected lifetime of the data objects, and then allocates and releases memory space accordingly to minimize the garbage collection overhead. In particular, we present Deca, a concrete implementation of our proposal on top of Spark, which transparently decomposes and groups objects with similar lifetimes into byte arrays and releases their space altogether when their lifetimes come to an end. An extensive experimental study using both synthetic and real datasets shows that, in comparing to Spark, Deca is able to 1) reduce the garbage collection time by up to 99.9%, 2) to achieve up to 22.7x speed up in terms of execution time in cases without data spilling and 41.6x speedup in cases with data spilling, and 3) to consume up to 46.6% less memory.
Evaluation of dose calculation models for inhabited areas applicable in nuclear accident consequence assessment codes (2004)

One of the objectiv es of the EC project EVANET -TERRA is to provide suitable inputs to the RODOS system. This study gives an overview on urban dose calculation models with special emphasis on the RECLAIM -EDEM2M and TEMAS -urban codes. The TEMAS -urban code is more complex compa red to the RECLAIM -EDEM2M code although both models use similar and some times even same model parameters. The database and the way of its data collection as used in RECLAIM -EDEM2M is recommended as a preferred option because it contains many data from loc al and regional measurements. However in a decision situation the outputs of the TEMAS urban model may better help stakeholders by providing a ranking of the surfaces to be decontaminated.