gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multivariate analyses of fatty acid data from whole-cell methanolysates of Prevotella, Bacteroides and Porphyromonas spp. (1991)

The genus Bacteroides contains a number of biochemically and physiologically heterogeneous groups of organisms and needs taxonomic revision. In this study cellular fatty acids from a number of Bacteroides spp. were identified and quantified using gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The chemical data were then subjected to principal components analysis. In B. fragilis, which is the type species of the genus Bacteroides, C3-OH-iso17 was the predominant fatty acid (38.0%) and Cante15 was present in higher amounts (32.7%) than Ciso15 (14.6%). B. fragilis thus differed from all the other species examined: Prevotella (Bacteroides) buccae, P. (B.) oralis, P. (B.) oris, P. (B.) disiens, P. (B.) veroralis, P. (B.) heparinolytica and Porphyromonas (Bacteroides) endodontalis. Principal components analysis also enabled the closely related P. buccae, P. oralis and P. oris to be differentiated.
Experimental estimates of the absolute sensitivity of a small animal PET scanner with depth-of-interaction capability (2002)

The authors are constructing a depth-of-interaction (DOI) capable small animal PET scanner that will consist of 18 LGSO/GSO DOI modules arranged around a 11.8 cm diameter ring. These 18 modules will be grouped together electronically by 3's forming 6 sectors. Two of these sectors; have been fabricated, placed opposite one another on the ring and operated in time coincidence with the data acquisition system to be used in the final device. Since a 2-sector partial ring provides the first opportunity to obtain experimental measurements of absolute central (/sup 18/F) point source sensitivity (ACPS), an important design parameter for this system, the authors sought to measure this quantity as a function of energy window at the earliest stage of construction. Measured ACPS values extrapolated to the full, 6-sector ring decreased as window width decreased: from 1034 cps/Ci or 2.8% (no energy window) to 594 cps/Ci or 1.6% (250-650 keV energy window) to 375 cps/Ci or 1.0% (400-650 keV energy window). These early results suggest that the final system will possess an ACPS substantially higher than several recently described small animal PET scanners.
Influence of Mast Cells on Dengue Protective Immunity and Immune Pathology (2013)

Mast cells (MCs) are sentinels for pathogens. They are situated in the skin and mucosae where pathogen encounter is common and surround blood vessels. MCs pre-store vasoactive mediators and cytokines in granules, such as histamine, heparin, proteases, and TNF Degranulation occurs virtually instantaneously after MC activation by certain pathogen-derived or endogenous products signifying infection or inflammation. While MC activation through pattern recognition receptors, such as TLRs, alone is not usually a sufficient cause for degranulation, degranulationinitiating receptors have been identified for bacterial pathogens (e.g., CD48 for E. coli, M. tuberculosis) Some viruses trigger degranulation, including dengue, through yet-unknown receptors MCs also express Fc receptors for binding antibodies, such as FceR1 that binds IgE. MC binding of IgE, or sensitization, heightens degranulation responses to IgE-specific antigens when antibodies are present, as occurs during reinfection MCs also de novo synthesize products, including leukotrienes, prostaglandins, cytokines, and chemokines
Research on Recoating Process in High-Resolution Stereolithography System (2009)

To resolve the problem that thickness of resin layer increases with the object height during building process in piston recoating system, experimental investigations were performed to establish the model describing the relationship of recoating layer thickness with object height and blade speed by using response surfaces methodology. According to the model, a novel recoating process with dynamically optimized blade speed is proposed. Verifying experiment results show that the problem that the thickness of resin layer increases with the height of objects is solved, and experiment results indicate that the new recoating process reduces the difference between maximum and minimum thickness of resin layer from 27 µm to 6.9 µm, and experiment results also demonstrates that step position error is reduced from 494 µm to 66µm. The new recoating process provides an effective way for high-resolution SL system to improve the building accuracy, and the new recoating process can also be applied to current recoating system, so it is important for SL system to improve building accuracy in Z direction with the new recoating method.
Public health impact on drug residues in animal tissues. (1997)

Consumers have expressed concern regarding the health impact of drug residues in their food. Animal residues in animal tissues above the legal tolerance clearly have an impact on human health. Tolerances represent the maximal level or concentration of antimicrobial residues permitted in animal tissues at the time of slaughter. The tolerances are intended to ensure that residual drugs will have no harmful effects if ingested. This paper describes the existing evidence for specific health hazards for certain pharmacological classes of drugs and explains the risks associated with drug residues in meat and poultry above the established tolerance. The primary focus is on possible public health consequences that may occur as a result of acute exposure to illegal residues. In addition, long-term effects are discussed with added comments about the effect of residues on the intestinal flora. Most residues of veterinary drugs occur in food at such low levels that they rarely pose a chronic or long-term health hazard to consumers. The importance of food safety through the reduction of residues in our food supply cannot be overemphasized. Food safety remains a major challenge confronting contemporary society.
Nonstandard electrical networks and the resurrection of Kirchhoff's laws (1997)

Kirchhoff's laws fail to hold in general for infinite electrical networks. Standard calculus is simply incapable of resolving this paradox because it cannot provide the infinitesimals and more generally the hyperreal currents and voltages that such networks often require. However, nonstandard analysis can do precisely this. The idea of a nonstandard electrical network is introduced in this paper and is used to reestablish Kirchhoff's laws for a fairly broad class of infinite electrical networks. The second section herein presents a fairly brief tutorial on infinitesimals, hyperreal numbers, and the key ideas of nonstandard analysis needed for a comprehension of this paper.
Reproducibility of MRI measurements of right ventricular size and function in patients with normal and dilated ventricles (2008)

Except for RV mass, inter- and intraobserver reproducibility of RV size and function measurements is high and generally comparable to that in the LV in patients with both normal and dilated RV.
Involvement of a non-hormone-binding 90-kilodalton protein in the nontransformed 8S form of the rabbit uterus progesterone receptor (1986)

Nontransformed 8S progesterone receptor (8S-PR) was purified by hormone-specific affinity chromatography from rabbit uterine low-salt cytosol containing 20 mM molybdate. In the eluate obtained with radioactive progestin, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed the presence of several bands, including three that corresponded to approximately 90-, approximately 120-, and approximately 85-kDa proteins. None of these three proteins was found in the eluate of the affinity column when the molybdate-containing cytosol was chromatographed in the presence of nonradioactive progesterone ("mock purification"). Subsequent purification of the affinity eluate by DEAE-Sephacel chromatography gave a single radioactive receptor peak at 0.15 M KCl (approximately 20% yield, 19% purity on the basis of one binding site per approximately 100 kDa) with a sedimentation coefficient of 8.5 S. Silver staining after SDS-PAGE revealed that this purified 8S-PR fraction contained mainly the 120-, 90-, and 85-kDa proteins. [3H]R5020-labeled 8S-PR purified by DEAE-Sephacel column chromatography was UV irradiated, and after SDS-PAGE the 120- and 85-kDa proteins were revealed, but the 90-kDa protein was not.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Neural network based estimation of maximum power generation from PV module using environmental information (1997)

This paper presents an application of an artificial neural network for the estimation of maximum power generation from PV module. The output power from a PV module depends on environmental factors such as irradiation and cell temperature. For the operation planning of power systems, the prediction of the power generation is inevitable for PV systems. For this purpose, irradiation, temperature and wind velocity are utilized as the input information to the proposed neural network. The output is the predicted maximum power generation under the condition given by those environmental factors. The efficiency of the proposed estimation scheme is evaluated by using actual data on daily, monthly and yearly bases. The proposed method gives highly accurate predictions compared with predictions using the conventional multiple regression model.
Cancerous Inhibitor of Protein Phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) in Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (2016)

Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disorder arising in a haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) and defined by the presence of BCR-ABL1, a deregulated tyrosine kinase that drives numerous oncogenic signalling pathways. Current CML therapies are tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that target the constitutive action of BCR-ABL1. However, resistance to TKIs remains a concern for a substantial proportion of CML patients and thus investigating the mechanisms underlying poor clinical response is of great importance. The tumour suppressor protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) plays a crucial role in the inhibition of several critical oncogenic signalling pathways. Consequently, reports of aberrant PP2A activity in human malignancies are abundant. Cancerous inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A) is an endogenous inhibitor of PP2A that is overexpressed in a plethora of tumours; CIP2A inhibits the dephosphorylation of the oncogenic transcription factor c-Myc by PP2A. In CML, it was shown that high CIP2A protein expression at diagnosis was predictive of progression into blast crisis in imatinib-treated CML. This thesis aimed to determine if CIP2A retained its potential prognostic indicator status in CML treated with dasatinib or nilotinib. The molecular pathogenesis of the CIP2A/PP2A pathway within CML and the central role played by CIP2A is also investigated. Molecular interactions of proteins have been known to greatly differ between transcript variants of the same gene. No CIP2A transcript variant has ever been reported. This thesis aimed to identify two CIP2A transcript variants previously undescribed in vivo, and analyse their differing expressions within a CML population. Aberrant epigenetic regulation is an expanding area of interest; many genes have their expression altered via deregulated methylation, transcription factor binding and micro RNAs. This thesis focussed on the methylation of the CIP2A promoter in CML of varying disease phase and clinical outcome. In summary, this thesis provides novel information about CIP2A in response to CML treatment, CIP2A protein interactions, CIP2A gene variations and epigenetic regulation. With more knowledge of this oncoprotein, its oncogenic mechanisms may in the future be specifically targeted and overcome.
Evaluation of the combination of a tissue-type plasminogen activator, SUN9216, and a thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist, vapiprost, in a rat middle cerebral artery thrombosis model. (1993)

A single injection of SUN9216 was effective in recanalizing the vessel and reducing the area of cerebral infarction.
A 10-b 185-MS/s track-and-hold in 0.35-μm CMOS (2001)

This paper discusses the design and the implementation of a high-speed track-and-hold amplifier in 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS, featuring 10-b resolution up to 185 MS/s. The implemented folded-cascode input buffer allows a relatively large input range, 1-V/sub pp/ differential, and low harmonic distortion at the same time. The sampler is based oh a switched-source-follower (SSF) architecture with double switch-off action and saturation-mode switches, providing short aperture times and high linearity. A spur-free dynamic range (SFDR) of 63 dB at 185 MS/s was measured with a dual-tone 45-MHz/spl plusmn/250-kHz test signal. The open-loop architecture makes harmonic distortion little sensitive to the input frequency: 10-b resolution is maintained up to 45 MHz with 1 V/sub pp/ and up to 70 MHz with 0.7 V/sub pp/. A suitable hold-mode feedthrough rejection is achieved by means of feedforward cancellation with a MOS capacitor operating in depletion or accumulation. The track-and-hold amplifier consumes 70 mW from a 3.3-V supply.
Pressure and temperature dependence of self-diffusion in water (1978)

The self-diffusion coefficient, D, for pure liquid water has been measured at temperatures between 275.2 and 498.2 K and at pressures up to 1.75 kbar by the proton spin echo method. Our values of D agree, where they overlap, with recently published data which, however, were measured mostly at low temperature and over rather narrow ranges of temperature. The results are discussed in several ways. The Stokes–Einstein relation is found to be obeyed in the slipping boundary limit. The cubic cell model of Houghton accounts satisfactorily for the measured D values, particularly at higher temperatures. A simple test of a hard-sphere model is found to give poor agreement at lower temperatures but a modified hard-sphere theory seems to be more satisfactory. The activation analysis at constant density shows that water behaves very differently from non-associated liquids. It also suggests that an increase in both temperature and pressure leads to an increase in the fraction of free unbonded water molecules. A free-volume analysis has led to a modified Arrhenius equation which involves pressure-dependent terms. This semi-empirical equation describes the results within experimental error and predicts a glass temperature at 115 K which is in reasonable agreement with the values obtained by other methods.
Automatic Tissue Differentiation Based on Confocal Endomicroscopic Images for Intraoperative Guidance in Neurosurgery (2016)

Diagnosis of tumor and definition of tumor borders intraoperatively using fast histopathology is often not sufficiently informative primarily due to tissue architecture alteration during sample preparation step. Confocal laser microscopy (CLE) provides microscopic information of tissue in real-time on cellular and subcellular levels, where tissue characterization is possible. One major challenge is to categorize these images reliably during the surgery as quickly as possible. To address this, we propose an automated tissue differentiation algorithm based on the machine learning concept. During a training phase, a large number of image frames with known tissue types are analyzed and the most discriminant image-based signatures for various tissue types are identified. During the procedure, the algorithm uses the learnt image features to assign a proper tissue type to the acquired image frame. We have verified this method on the example of two types of brain tumors: glioblastoma and meningioma. The algorithm was trained using 117 image sequences containing over 27 thousand images captured from more than 20 patients. We achieved an average cross validation accuracy of better than 83%. We believe this algorithm could be a useful component to an intraoperative pathology system for guiding the resection procedure based on cellular level information.
Proteomic analysis of exosomal cargo: the challenge of high purity vesicle isolation (2016)

The re-discovery of exosomes as intercellular messengers with high potential for diagnostic and therapeutic utility has led to them becoming a popular topic of research in recent years. One of the essential research areas in this field is the characterization of exosomal cargo, which includes numerous non-randomly packed proteins and nucleic acids. Unexpectedly, a very challenging aspect of exploration of extracellular vesicles has turned out to be their effective and selective isolation. The plurality of developed protocols leads to qualitative and quantitative variability in terms of the obtained exosomes, which significantly affects the results of downstream analyses and makes them difficult to compare, reproduce and interpret between research groups. Currently, there is a general consensus among the exosome-oriented community concerning the urgent need for the optimization and standardization of methods employed for the purification of these vesicles. Hence, we review here several strategies for exosome preparation including ultracentrifugation, chemical precipitation, affinity capturing and filtration techniques. The advantages and disadvantages of different approaches are discussed with special emphasis being placed on their adequacy for proteomics applications, which are particularly sensitive to sample quality. We conclude that certain methods, exemplified by ultracentrifugation combined with iodixanol density gradient centrifugation or gel filtration, although labor-intensive, provide superior quality exosome preparations suitable for reliable analysis by mass spectrometry.
Current Strategies for Chemoprevention of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2002)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops frequently in the liver of patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis caused by persistent infection with hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus in Asia. Several studies including ours have revealed that the risk of HCC increases in parallel with the progression of hepatic fibrosis associated with chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. It may be delineated reasonably, therefore, that suppression of fibrosis by chemical (or biological) agents would be able to decrease the risk of HCC. We have demonstrated that antifibrotic agents, such as HOE 077, TJ-9 and interferon, can reduce the risk of HCC. Accordingly, antifibrotic agents are promising candidates for chemoprevention of HCC. The results of our study are discussed within the scope of the current state of the art as regards chemopreventing HCC.
Twenty-Five Years of Operating Experience With the Coal-Fired, Closed-Cycle Gas Turbine Cogeneration Plant at Coburg (1983)

The only commercially running closed-cycle gas turbine in the world delivering electricity as well as heat to a public utility and a heating network, is the heat and power station in Coburg, West Germany. The plant is fired exclusively with pulverized coal and uses air as the working medium. It has a maximum continuous electric power output of 6.6 MW into the grid and up to 16 MW of direct heating capacity into the town’s heating network. The plant has accumulated 150,000 operating hours to date (approximately 7000 hrs per year); it is scheduled to remain in service during the following years due to its excellent performance. Since relatively little has been published about the plant in the technical literature, a report about its design and operating experience is presented here.
A solution to the rheumatoid factor paradox: pathologic rheumatoid factors can be tolerized by competition with natural rheumatoid factors (1997)

Rheumatoid factors (RF) associated with arthritic joint erosion are only seen transiently, if at all, in nondiseased individuals. Therefore, a tolerance mechanism must exist that prevents pathologic RF B cells from expressing Abs. Surprisingly, it has been shown that pathologic RF B cells are not tolerized by any previously established tolerance mechanism such as deletion, receptor editing, anergy, or prevention of memory establishment. How are pathologic RF cells tolerized? By simulating the RF response with a cellular automaton model immune system, we demonstrate that pathologic RFs can be tolerized by the novel mechanism of "competitive tolerance" with natural, nonpathologic RFs. We then demonstrate that competitive tolerance can be broken when a sequestered pool of expanding B cells are inappropriately subjected to chronic stimulation (as appears to occur in MRL/lpr mice and in patients with rheumatoid arthritis).
Elastic Plasma-Protein-Film Blended with Platelet-Releasate Accelerates Healing of Diabetic Mouse Skin Wounds. (2005)

Abstract Numerous plasma proteins and cytokines derived from platelets mediate wound healing process that is characterized by the migration and differentiation of several cell populations that give rise to angiogenesis, collagen synthesis, wound contraction and re-epithelialization. To evaluate the efficacy of the blood derived factors in wound healing, we have exploited a novel wound dressing consisting of human plasma proteins and platelet-releasate. Human blood unit was drawn into a bag containing ACD after obtaining informed consent from healthy donors. Platelet-rich plasma was separated and the plasma proteins were concentrated together with platelets using cold ethanol precipitation method. The thrombin activity from the same unit was added to the concentrate, thereby leading to emergence of elastic soft layer consisting of the concentrated plasma proteins with platelet-relaseate (CPPP). The CPPP has enough strength to dress cutaneous wounds and contains considerable amount of cytokines and fibronectin (Table). We applied the CPPP to excisional skin wound in db/db mouse: a well-known animal model of impaired wound healing. Full-thickness skin defects were created on the mice symmetrically on both sides. One side of the wound was covered with the CPPP and the fresh clot from the same blood donor was applied to the other side as a control. Both of the wounds were then covered with polyurethane film. These wounds were evaluated 10 days after wounding. Bioactive factors for wound healing in the Serum and CPPP Serum CPPP (Day 0) CPPP (Day 7) ND = non-detectable, NE = not evaluated bFGF (pg/mL) ND 106 (75-150) 43 (21-72) VEGF (pg/mL) 172 (20-405) 870 (500-1125) 706 (550-1100) PDGF-AB (ng/mL) 30 (20-40) 68 (25-1670) 116 (100-140) TGF β1 (ng/mL) 43 (34-48) 218 (110-415) >250 Fibronectin (mg/mL) 0.6 (0.2-0.8) 13 (8-20) NE CPPP sustains these cytokines at substantial level on Day 7 (Table), suggesting that these growth factors are delivered continuously to the wound. Every wound edge was traced and the area was measured. Skin sections were stained with anti-CD31 antibody to visualize the blood vessels and determined its density (i.e., number of blood vessels/mm2 in the section). The area of CPPP treated wounds significantly decreased compared with that of the control (65% vs. 94% of the original size, respectively, p=.032). The immunostained section revealed the striking effect of CPPP on vasculalization. The mean vascular density of CPPP treated wounds was 13.2/mm2. In contrast, that of the control wounds was 2.7/mm2 (p=.013). Our results suggest that CPPP is a promising bioactive dressing for the treatment of full-thickness skin wound. Every biological component of CPPP is from a unit of collected blood; namely, CPPP can be an entirely autologous biological dressing, suggesting that CPPP is free from the risk of transmission of pathogens through blood products. Taken together, we may be able to design and conduct a clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of CPPP for patients with non-healing wound.