gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Shallow Trench Isolation with Mini-Spacer Technology (1999)

A new shallow trench isolation (STI) process with a mini-spacer at the masking nitride sidewall before silicon trench etching was proposed. With this mini-spacer, thicker corner liner oxide and a T-shaped trench oxide can be formed simultaneously. The issue of oxide-recess at STI corner can be effectively reduced and larger process window for subthreshold kink free device were obtained. The isolation capability and junction integrity were both improved as compared with those of the conventional STI process. Reverse narrow width effect as well as gate oxide integrity were also improved. This technology was employed for 0.13 µm complementary metal oxide silicon (CMOS) device fabrication.
4th International Conference on Acetic Acid Bacteria - Vinegar and other products (AAB 2015) (2015)

This Abstract Book contains oral and poster presentations from the <em>4<sup>th</sup> International Conference on Acetic Acid Bacteria - Vinegar and other products (AAB 2015)</em>, held in Taiyuan, P. R. China, 15-19 September 2015.
Bioleaching of rare earth elements from monazite sand (2015)

Three fungal strains were found to be capable of bioleaching rare earth elements from monazite, a rare earth phosphate mineral, utilizing the monazite as a phosphate source and releasing rare earth cations into solution. These organisms include one known phosphate solubilizing fungus, Aspergillus niger ATCC 1015, as well as two newly isolated fungi: an Aspergillus terreus strain ML3-1 and a Paecilomyces spp. strain WE3-F. Although monazite also contains the radioactive element Thorium, bioleaching by these fungi preferentially solubilized rare earth elements over Thorium, leaving the Thorium in the solid residual. Adjustments in growth media composition improved bioleaching performance measured as rare earth release. Cell-free spent medium generated during growth of A. terreus strain ML3-1 and Paecilomyces spp. strain WE3-F in the presence of monazite leached rare earths to concentrations 1.7-3.8 times those of HCl solutions of comparable pH, indicating that compounds exogenously released by these organisms contribute substantially to leaching. Organic acids released by the organisms included acetic, citric, gluconic, itaconic, oxalic, and succinic acids. Abiotic leaching with laboratory prepared solutions of these acids was not as effective as bioleaching or leaching with cell-free spent medium at releasing rare earths from monazite, indicating that compounds other than the identified organic acids contribute to leaching performance.
Electrochemical Behavior of Azobenzene Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold (1996)

The self-assembly and electrochemical properties of a novel thiol-functionalized azobenzene derivative were studied on gold electrodes by cyclic voltammetry. The compound was 4-ethoxy-4'-((N-(2''-mercaptoethyl)amino)carbonyl)azobenzene (C2AzoC2SH), which was synthesized using a simple and general technique by our laboratory. The C2AzoC2SH formed uniform and reproducible self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold with a surface coverage of 4.21 × 10-10 mol/cm2. The SAMs showed voltammetric responses in a B-R buffer at a pH range of 3.2−8.6 that corresponded to the two-electron, two-proton reduction−oxidation of azobenzene. The voltammetric behavior was totally irreversible, exhibiting very large peak-to-peak splitting and other distortions. The dependence of apparent surface electrochemical rate constant on pH value has a V-shape, owing to the influence of protonation reactions on the multistepped reduction−oxidation of azobenzene functionality.
Oxyethylation and oxypropylation of alcohols of low relative molecular mass in the presence of amine-type catalysts (2000)

The effect of an amine catalyst on oxyalkyalation of alcohols of low relative molecular mass was studied. The reactivity and selectivity of the formation of the first homologues depend upon the alcohol, the alkylene oxide and the degree of oxyalkylation and decrease in the following order methanol > ethanol > butanol > 2-methylpropanol. The formation of the first homologue is significantly more selective in oxypropylation in comparison to oxyethylation. Triethylamine used as the catalyst undergoes by-reactions giving N,N-diethylethanolamine and then oxyethylated diethylamines which exhibit catalytic activity. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
[Cytotoxicity test based on luminescent assay of alkaline phosphatase released from target cells]. (1994)

Assay of 51Cr release from target cells has been commonly used in various methods of examining the cytotoxic properties of lymphocytes. In this paper a non-isotopic assay of cytotoxicity based on the leak of endogenous alkaline phosphatase (AIP) in target cells, is described. Enzyme activities were assayed by the luminescence on hydrolysis of the lumigen-PPD substrate. P3-X63-Ag8-U1 (P3U-1) cells were demonstrated to contain AIP and proved sensitive to the IL-2-induced killer lymphocytes, while no AIP activity was detected in human effector lymphocytes. Comparative studies of the test with 51Cr- and AIP-release in P3U-1 target cells were carried out, and the results obtained suggested that the AIP release test is useful as a new, simple lymphocyte cytotoxicity test.
Quality assurance for dynamic multileaf collimator modulated fields using a fast beam imaging system (1997)

A quality assurance procedure was developed for x-ray beam intensity modulated conformal radiotherapy (IMCRT) using dynamic multileaf collimators (MLC). The procedure verifies a prescribed intensity modulated x-ray beam pattern in the beam eye's view (BEV) before the treatment procedure is applied to a patient. It verifies that (a) the leaf sequencing computer files were transferred correctly to the linac control computer; (b) the treatment can be correctly executed without machine faults. A fast beam imaging system (BIS) consisting of a Gd2O2S scintillation screen, a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera, and a portable personal computer (Wellhöfer Dosimetrie, Schwarzenbruck, Germany) was commissioned for this purpose. Measurements for the BIS performance are presented in this work. Reference images were derived from MLC leaf sequencing files that were used to drive a dynamic MLC system (Varian Oncology Systems, Palo Alto, CA). A correlation method was developed to compare the BIS measurements with the calculated reference images. A correlation coefficient calculated using 26 correct intensity modulated fields was shown to be a reliable threshold to identify inaccurate treatment delivery files. The study has demonstrated the feasibility of using the BIS and the correlation method to carry out on-line quality assurance tasks for IMCRT treatment fields in the BEV.
Unconscious Activation of the Cognitive Control System in the Human Prefrontal Cortex (2007)

Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we tested whether unconscious information can influence the cognitive control system in the human prefrontal cortex. Volunteers had to prepare to perform either a phonological judgment or a semantic judgment on an upcoming word, based on the instruction given at the beginning of each trial. However, in some trials they were visually primed to prepare for the alternative (i.e., "wrong") task, and this impaired their performance. This priming effect is taken to depend on unconscious processes because the effect was present even when the volunteers could only discriminate the identity of the primes at chance level. Furthermore, the effect was stronger when the visibility of the prime was near zero than when the visibility of the prime was significantly higher. When volunteers were unconsciously primed to perform the alternative task, there was also decreased neural activity in the brain areas relevant to the instructed task and increased neural activity in the brain areas relevant to the alternative task, which shows that the volunteers were actually engaged in the wrong task, instead of simply being distracted. Activity in the mid-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was also found to be associated with this unconscious priming effect. These results suggest that the cognitive control system in the prefrontal cortex is not exclusively driven by conscious information, as has been believed previously.
Integrated on-line instrumentation for simultaneous automated measurement of magnetic field, induction, Barkhausen effect, magnetoacoustic emission, and magnetostriction (1988)

A microcomputer-controlled instrument for simultaneous measurement of magnetic hysteresis, magnetostriction, Barkhausen effect, and magnetoacoustic emission is described. It incorporates custom designed software for control of the magnetic field during operations such as demagnetization, field sweeping, and anhysteretic magnetization, and for data logging and analysis. Results are recorded using a 12-bit analog to digital converter and are then stored on floppy disk. The magnetic hysteresis data are converted into six important magnetic parameters: coercivity, remanence, hysteresis loss, initial permeability, maximum differential permeability, and anhysteretic permeability. These, together with the magnetostriction, Barkhausen, and magnetoacoustic emission, are then related to the microstructure of the material.
Resilience and Life Satisfaction as the Predictors of General Self-Efficacy (2016)

The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a relationship among general self-efficacy, resilience, life satisfaction and the extent to which the variables of resilience and life satisfaction contribute to the prediction of general self-efficacy. The study was carried out with 310 middle-aged adults in Burdur, 195 (%62.9) of which were female, 115 (%37.1) which were male and 70 (%22.6) of which were single, 227 (%73.2) which were married, 13 (%4.2) which were divorced. The General Self-Efficacy Scale, The Resilience in Midlife Scale (RIM-S) and Life Satisfaction Scale were used in the study. Correlation Coefficient of Pearson Moments and Hierarchical Regression Analysis were used in the analysis of the data. As a consequence, it was determined that there is a positive relationship among general self-efficacy, resilience, life satisfaction. Also, it was observed that the variables of resilience, life satisfaction significantly predict general self-efficacy. Keywords: General self-efficacy, resilience, life satisfaction
An Improved Differential Evolution Algorithm for Practical Dynamic Scheduling in Steelmaking-Continuous Casting Production (2014)

This paper studies a challenging problem of dynamic scheduling in steelmaking-continuous casting (SCC) production. The problem is to re-optimize the assignment, sequencing, and timetable of a set of existing and new jobs among various production stages for the new environment when unforeseen changes occur in the production system. We model the problem considering the constraints of the practical technological requirements and the dynamic nature. To solve the SCC scheduling problem, we propose an improved differential evolution (DE) algorithm with a real-coded matrix representation for each individual of the population, a two-step method for generating the initial population, and a new mutation strategy. To further improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the solution process for dynamic use, an incremental mechanism is proposed to generate a new initial population for the DE whenever a real-time event arises, based on the final population in the last DE solution process. Computational experiments on randomly generated instances and the practical production data show that the proposed improved algorithm can obtain better solutions compared to other algorithms.
Stereoconfiguration markedly affects the biochemical and biological properties of phosphorothioate analogs of 2-5A core, (A2'p5')2A. (1986)

The diester bonds of phosphorothioate trimer analogs of (A2'p5')2A (2-5A core) of the Sp stereoconfiguration were found to be extremely stable to hydrolysis by both serum and cellular phosphodiesterases. The corresponding Rp isomers, although still more stable than parent ppp(A2'p5')2A (2-5A), were significantly more susceptible to enzymatic hydrolysis than were the Sp isomers. Utilization of these novel 2-5A trimer isomers containing various combinations of Sp or Rp configurations at the internucleotidic phosphorothioate linkages revealed a further specificity of this enzymatic hydrolysis. Thus, the stereoconfiguration of the bond adjacent to the one undergoing hydrolysis influenced the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis, as well as did the chain length of the oligomer. The most stable trimer analog, which contained both internucleotide phosphorothioate linkages of the Sp configuration, had a half-life of 30 days in serum, which is a 1500-fold increase over that of parent 2-5A core. This is the first report on biochemical stability of an oligonucleotide containing more than one phosphorothioate linkage of the Sp configuration and is the first demonstration that a phosphorothioate internucleotide bond of the Sp configuration can increase the enzymatic stability of an adjacent phosphorothioate bond. In marked contrast to all previous 2-5A core analogs of increased stability, the activity (antiproliferative and antiviral) of the stable phosphorothioate 2-5A core analogs was obtained with the intact trimer, i.e., it was not attributed to antimetabolite degradation products.
Application of Fractional Calculus Operators to a Class of Univalent Functions with Negative Coefficients (1999)

The object of present paper is to obtain distortion theorem using fractional calculus techniques for a class which consists of analytic and univalent functions with negative coefficients in the unit disc, and further same type of result we have obtained for fractional operator.
Trajan’s Army on Trajan's Column (1935)

The best illustrations of the army which extended and protected the Roman Empire are to be seen on Trajan's Column. They are not, however, thoroughly known to classical students, for reasons which are worth stating. The primary reason is undoubtedly the scarcity of Cichorius's reproductions of the reliefs and the still greater rarity of plaster casts; but an important contributory factor is the bewildering quantity and peculiar quality of the material. The reliefs tell the story of two wars, the first a series of expeditions leading up to great battles, not unlike Agricola's campaigns in Britain; the second an organised conquest, ending in the burning of the hostile capital, the suicide of the nobles and their King and the enslavement of a people. This narrative picture, as dramatic as the Bayeux tapestry but unprovided with a text, has attracted historians, because it seems to fill a gap in their literature, and students of art, as being among the most extensive and detailed examples of such Roman sculpture.
Technical Evaluation of the Novel Preanalytical Module on Instrumentation Laboratory ACL TOP: Advancing Automation in Hemostasis Testing (2013)

Automation in hemostasis testing is entering an exciting and unprecedented phase. This study was planned to assess the performance of the new preanalytical module on the hemostasis testing system Instrumentation Laboratory ACL TOP. The evaluation included interference studies to define reliable thresholds for rejecting samples with significant concentrations of interfering substances; within-run imprecision studies of plasma indices on four different interference degrees for each index; comparison studies with reference measures of hemolysis index, bilirubin, and triglycerides on clinical chemistry analyzers; and calculation of turnaround time with and without automatic performance of preanalytical check. The upper limits for sample rejection according to our interference studies were 3.6 g/L for hemoglobin, 13.6 mg/dL for bilirubin, and 1454 mg/dL for triglycerides. We found optimal precision for all indices (0.6% to 3.1% at clinically relevant thresholds) and highly significant correlations with reference measures on clinical chemistry analyzers (from 0.985 to 0.998). The limited increase of turnaround time (i.e., +3% and +5% with or without cap-piercing), coupled with no adjunctive costs over performance of normal coagulation assays, contribute to make the automatic check of plasma indices on ACL TOP a reliable and practical approach for improving testing quality and safeguarding patient safety.
Synthesis and Characterization of Polyyne Porphyrins (1990)

Abstract A series of conjugated polyyne porphyrins, in which two porphyrin macrocycles are connected with both ends of diarylpolyyne through aromatic ring, has been prepared and their spectroscopic behaviors were investigated. Diarylpolyyne consisting of aryl group and conjugated triple bond system have rigid and linear structure, and the two porphyrins are held at a fixed geometry and a determined distance. In their absorption spectra, porphyrin Soret bands were red- or blue-shifted depending on their edge-to-edge or face-to-face orientation.
Covalent Modifications to 2‘-Deoxyguanosine by 4-Oxo-2-nonenal, a Novel Product of Lipid Peroxidation (1999)

Two major products (adducts A and B) from the reaction of 2-deoxyguanosine (dGuo) with 13-hydroperoxylinoleic acid were detected by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Adducts A and B were also the major products formed enzymatically when dGuo was incubated in the presence of linoleic acid and lipoxygenase. The mass spectral fragmentation patterns of adducts A and B suggested that unique modifications to the nucleoside had been introduced. This resulted in the characterization of a novel bifunctional electrophile, 4-oxo-2-nonenal, as the principal breakdown product of linoleic acid hydroperoxide. In subsequent studies, adduct A was found to be a substituted ethano dGuo adduct that was a mixture of three isomers (A(1)-A(3)) that all decomposed to form adduct B. Adduct A(1) was the hemiacetal form of 3-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythropentafuranosyl)-3,5,6, 7-tetrahydro-6-hydroxy-7-(heptane-2-one)-9H-imidazo[1, 2-alpha]purine-9-one. Adducts A(2) and A(3) were the diastereomers of the open chain ketone form. Adduct B was the substituted etheno dGuo adduct, 3-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythropentafuranosyl)imidazo-7-(heptane-2 -one)-9-hydroxy[1,2-alpha]purine, the dehydration product of adducts A(1)-A(3). Identical covalent modifications to dGuo were observed when calf-thymus DNA was treated with 4-oxo-2-nonenal. These data illustrate the diversity of reactive electrophiles produced from the peroxidative decomposition of lipids and have implications in fully assessing the role of lipid peroxidation in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis.
Central and regional blood flow during hyperventilation (1994)

Mechanical hyperventilation not only reduces brain oedema after neurotrauma but also affects the central and systemic circulation. We have, in pigs, measured blood flow in the pulmonary artery, the portal vein and in the femoral artery, as well as estimated the splanchnic blood flow and studied the relative perfusion using the microsphere technique in normo- and hypocarbia during intermittent positive pressure ventilation. A normoventilated control group did not change in cardiac output, portal vein blood flow, splanchnic blood flow and femoral arterial blood flow. Hyperventilation was performed to a PCO2 of 3.0 +/- 0.1 kPa. We found that in pigs ventilated with high tidal volume skeletal muscle blood flow did not change during the first 60 min of hyperventilation but gradually decreased thereafter. Blood flow to the cerebellum decreased soon after the induction of hyperventilation, whereas the cerebral blood flow did not decrease until the second hour of hyperventilation. Cardiac output, splanchnic perfusion and portal vein blood flow all decreased. Myocardial perfusion and arterial blood flow to spleen and kidney decreased while pancreatic and liver arterial blood flows were unaffected. It is concluded that mechanical hyperventilation with low frequency and large tidal volumes reduces the flow to most tissues, where the relative decrease according to microsphere measurements is most pronounced in skeletal muscles, heart muscle and cerebellum. However, the changes in cardiac output and splanchnic blood flow were not observed when hyperventilation was induced by increased frequency, keeping the tidal volume constant.
The autosomal dominant familial exudative vitreoretinopathy locus maps on 11q and is closely linked to D11S533. (1992)

Autosomal dominant familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (adFEVR) is a hereditary disorder characterized by the incomplete vascularization of the peripheral retina. The primary biochemical defect in adFEVR is unknown. The adFEVR locus has tentatively been assigned to 11q by linkage studies. We report the results of an extended multipoint linkage analysis of two families with adFEVR by using five markers (INT2, D11S533, D11S527, D11S35, and CD3D) from 11q13-q23. Pairwise linkage data obtained in the two families were rather similar and hence have not provided evidence for genetic heterogeneity. The highest complied two-point lod score (3.67, at a recombination fraction of .07) was obtained for the disease locus versus D11S533. Multipoint analyses showed that the adFEVR locus maps most likely, with a maximum location score of over 20, between D11S533/D11S527 and D11S35, at recombination rates of .147 and .104, respectively. Close linkage without recombination (maximum lod score 11.26) has been found between D11S533 and D11S527.
Helical Polyacetylene Synthesized with a Chiral Nematic Reaction Field (1998)

Helical polyacetylene was synthesized under an asymmetric reaction field consisting of chiral nematic (N*) liquid crystals (LCs). The chiral nematic LC was prepared by adding a chiroptical binaphthol derivative as a chiral dopant to a mixture of two nematic LCs. Acetylene polymerizations were carried out using the catalyst titanium tetra-n-butoxide-triethylaluminum dissolved in the chiral nematic LC solvent. The polyacetylene film was shown by scanning electron microscopy to consist of clockwise or counterclockwise helical structure of fibrils. A Cotton effect was observed in the region of the pi --> pi* transition of the polyacetylene chain in circular dichroism spectra. The high electrical conductivities of approximately 1500 to 1800 siemens per centimeter after iodine doping and the chiral helicity of these films may be exploited in electromagnetic and optical applications.
Synthesis of Phosphorus-Containing Two-Component Polyurethane Coatings and Evaluation of Their Flame Retardancy (2001)

Pyrophosphoric lactone modified polyester containing two phosphorus functional groups in one structural unit of base resin was synthesized to prepare a non-toxic reactive flame-retardant coating. The pyrophosphoric lactone modified polyester was cured at room temperature with isocyanate and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI)-isocyanurate to get a two-component polyurethane flame-retardant coating (TAPPU). Three kinds of flammability tests were conducted, 45° Meckel burner, limiting oxygen index (LOI), and Cone calorimetery. These results indicate that the coatings offer good flame retardancy; the flame retardancy of these coatings was increased with the content of phosphorus.
NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF WETWOOD AND HONEYCOMB (1995)

Lumber drying defects in the form of surface checks and honeycomb are especially severe in oak lumber and constitute a major source of value loss and waste. The Forest Products Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, has been involved in research aimed at developing a low-cost, industrial-type detection system to identify wetwood in green hardwood lumber and honeycomb in dry lumber. This report summarizes the results of a series of laboratory studies and equipment development efforts.