gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A fuzzy programmable logic array (fuzzy PLA) (2003)

A fuzzy programmable logic array (PLA) employing a bipolar analog technology is presented. The fuzzy PLA consists of MAX columns, MIN columns, and input/output (I/O) lines. Base fuses and emitter fuses are located in both columns. Programming is accomplished by blowing these fuses by high current pulses. Sometimes, these fuses can be replaced with thin isolation films, which are imbedded in the crossing of I/O lines and emitter lines of MAX/MIN columns. Programming of this type of fuzzy PLA is done by applying a high voltage to the selected isolation film to break down and short two crossing lines. Two applications of the fuzzy PLA are also described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A high precision monolithic super-beta operational amplifier (1972)

A single-chip (67/spl times/90 mil) integrated-circuit operational amplifier using thin-film resistors and super-gain transistors has been designed to achieve dc follower accuracies of 0.001 percent with 100-k/spl Omega/ source resistance. The circuit achieves gains of 140 dB using thermally balanced layout designs for both input and output stages, nulled drifts of 0.3 /spl mu/V//spl deg/C, and offset currents well under 1 nA. All other dc specifications including power-supply variation error (PSRR), common-mode gain error (CMRR), etc., are in the 1-10 ppm error range; and a procedure is given by which long-term drifts of less than 10 /spl mu/V/month can be assured. AC performance is comparable to general-purpose integrated-circuit operational amplifiers, i.e., f/SUB t/=300 kHz and slew rate of 1.2 V//spl mu/s at gain of ten. The circuit is externally compensated for unity gain with a single 390-pF capacitor and is fully input and output protected.
High Throughput Screening (<scp>HTS</scp>) Techniques: Applications in Chemical Biology (2008)

Abstract The rapid testing of chemical libraries for biological activity is the primary aim of high throughput screening (HTS). Advances in HTS have paralleled those in molecular biology, instrumentation and automation, and informatics, and the increased availability of arrayed compound libraries. Sophisticated high sensitivity assays and the associated technologies required to implement these assays in HTS have been largely developed within the pharmaceutical industry for the identification of new chemical matter for drug development. However, HTS approaches are now widely applied to the broader questions within biological research. By way of introduction, we will describe the components of HTS and provide examples of strategies used to identify novel chemtypes for specific biological targets using large chemical libraries. We then will illustrate how more narrowly defined compound collections (e.g., targeted libraries or bioactive compounds) have been profiled against related targets or cell types for the purpose of discovering or defining, compound class/gene family selectivity, off‐target activity or “hidden phenotypes”, toxic fingerprints, or any other relationship between chemical structure and bioactivity. In this way, HTS systems can expand the scope of an experimental hypothesis to address questions of chemical biology, be they at the level of an isolated enzymatic activity or that of a complex cellular phenotype.
High density polyethylene and zirconium phosphate nanocomposites (2015)

Nanocomposite based on high density polyethylene (HDPE) and layered zirconium phosphate organically modified with octadecylamine (ZrPOct) was obtained through melt processing. The ZrPOct was synthesized by precipitation and modified by suspension and sonication procedures. The initial and maximum degradation temperatures (Tonset and Tmax) were increased. A slight decrease of crystallinity degree was detected. Reduction of elastic modulus and elongation at break were noticed. The lamellar spacing was increased (3.3 times higher). The storage modulus decreased and low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LFNMR) revealed an increasing of molecular mobility. The presence of octadecylamine enhanced the entrance of HDPE in the ZrPOct galleries. Several characteristics of HDPE were changed indicating that intercalation was successful. All results indicated that partially intercalated and/or exfoliated nanocomposite was achieved.
Time-Frequency Energy Distributions Meet Compressed Sensing (2010)

In the case of multicomponent signals with amplitude and frequency modulations, the idealized representation which consists of weighted trajectories on the time-frequency (TF) plane, is intrinsically sparse. Recent advances in optimal recovery from sparsity constraints thus suggest to revisit the issue of TF localization by exploiting sparsity, as adapted to the specific context of (quadratic) TF distributions. Based on classical results in TF analysis, it is argued that the relevant information is mostly concentrated in a restricted subset of Fourier coefficients of the Wigner-Ville distribution neighboring the origin of the ambiguity plane. Using this incomplete information as the primary constraint, the desired distribution follows as the minimum -norm solution in the transformed TF domain. Possibilities and limitations of the approach are demonstrated via controlled numerical experiments, its performance is assessed in various configurations and the results are compared with standard techniques. It is shown that improved representations can be obtained, though at a computational cost which is significantly increased.
Multi‐laboratory validation of a standard method for quantifying proanthocyanidins in cranberry powders (2010)

This improved DMAC method provides a simple, robust and relatively specific spectrophotometric assay for total PACs in cranberry samples using commercially available procyanidin A2 dimer as a standard. DMAC is most useful within a given type of food such as cranberries, but may not be appropriate for comparing concentrations across different food types, particularly in those cases where large differences exist among the relative amounts of each oligomer and polymer.
Postfiltering for color appearance in synthetic image visualization (2004)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.
Matrix-Isolated Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS): The Role of the Supporting Matrix (1989)

The influence of a supporting matrix in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been investigated. The support matrices were conventional TLC plates onto which Ag colloidal hydrosols mixed with the dye pararosaniline had been deposited. The protocol of preparation of the Ag sol as well as the type of TLC plate had a profound effect upon the intensity of the SERS signals of pararosaniline. The Ag sol and the TLC plate that resulted in the maximum SERS intensities yielded a detection limit of ∼ 108 femtomols (33 pg) of dye deposited onto the TLC plate. Deposition of the dye/sol mixture onto the supporting matrix also resulted in stable SERS signals for extended periods of time, in contrast to the solution-phase case, where the signal is only transient in nature. In order to obtain the SERS spectra, a remote sensing Raman spectrometer was constructed and is described.
Pulse Vector Magnetic Potential and Its Influence on Live Cells (2009)

The paper is devoted to the results of biophysical experiments by which the existence of the field of so called pulse vector magnetic potential was successfully proved. The decision to carry out these tests was motivated by a favorable coincidence of pieces of knowledge obtained in the solution of other biophysical-research projects. The aim of the original experiment was only to check whether the field of pulse vector magnetic potential was detectable via a chosen biophysical way, when the live cells by their life manifestation would play the role of sensors of the presence of this field. After the discovery of the surprising behavior of live cells irradiated by the pulse vector magnetic potential (with the presence of exciting pulse magnetic field excluded), specific research was started into both its influence on various biological materials, using further in vitro methods, and in the direction of understanding the physical nature of this biophysical phenomenon. The research is only at the beginning but interesting results can already be reported that are worthy of the attention of wider professional public.
Dramatic increase of quench efficiency in “spacerless” dimaleimide fluorogens (2010)

In this post-genomic era, new techniques are needed to cope with the task of assigning functional roles to the huge number of identified putative gene products. We have developed a minimalist labelling strategy based on the use of synthetic fluorogenic probe reagents that fluoresce only after their reaction with a target peptide sequence. The probe reagents have fluorescent cores and bear two maleimide groups, such that their latent fluorescence is quenched by a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) to the pendant maleimide groups, until both of these groups undergo a specific thiol addition reaction. The efficiency of the fluorescence quenching is critical to the practicality of this labelling method, and has been predicted to be related to the intramolecular distance between the fluorophore and the maleimide groups. We have conducted the first direct test of this hypothesis by preparing a series of novel fluorogens that differ only by the spacer moiety separating their coumarin fluorophore and their dimaleimide fragment. A striking correlation was observed between intramolecular distance and the fluorescence enhancement (FE) observed after reaction with two equivalents of thiol. Guided by this observation, we then designed 'spacerless' fluorogens, of which a dansyl derivative shows an FE ratio of >300, the largest recorded for dimaleimide fluorogens. The trends observed herein provide valuable lessons for subsequent fluorogen design, and the novel fluorogens developed in the course of this study are currently being applied to protein labelling applications.
Generalized Stokes Vectors and Generalized Power Spectra for Second-Order Stationary Vector-Processes (1981)

In this paper, we present a generalization of the Stokes parameters and Stokes vectors for n-dimensional second-order stationary vector processes of the form ${\bf x}^T ( t ) = [ x_1 ( t ),x_2 ( t ), \cdots ,x_n ( t ) ]$. The Stokes parameters for $n = 2$ have been used for some time in describing the polarization characteristics of photons, but there has apparently been little attempt to generalize these parameters to arbitrary dimensions, with arbitrary bases. The Stokes parameters for $n = 2$ are found by expanding the density matrix in terms of the identity matrix plus the three Pauli spin matrices. The coefficients of this expansion are the Stokes parameters, and the ordered set of these coefficients is the Stokes vector. The basis set for $n = 2$ is trace-orthogonal and Hermitian, allowing a direct generalization to trace-orthogonal sets for $n > 2$. We show how these basis sets can be constructed from the outer products of complete sets of orthonormal vectors in unitary spaces. The Stokes vector space is an $n^2 $-dimensional Euclidean space which gives objective representations of the information in second-order processes of arbitrary randomness. We also indicate that the inner product in the Stokes vector space leads to a generalization of the concept of power spectra in arbitrary directions in this space. A practical example showing the utility of the representation is given.
Old Naledi and the Idea of Town: Strategies For Urban Upgrading From Botswana (1987)

Over the past several decades, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has nearly doubled, and alcohol has played a major role in the incidence of much of it. Alcohol has also been attributed in deaths due to infectious diseases, intentional and unintentional injuries, digestive diseases, and several other non-communicable diseases, including cancer. The economic costs of alcohol-associated health outcomes are significant at the individual as well as the country level. Risks due to alcohol consumption increase for most cardiovascular diseases, including hypertensive heart disease, cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation and flutter, and stroke. The widespread message for over 30 years has been to promote the myth that alcohol prolongs life, chiefly by reducing the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Lack of universal advice and stringent policy measures have contributed towards increased uptake and easy availability of alcohol. The WHO has called for a 10% relative reduction in the harmful use of alcohol between 2013-2025. However, lack of investment in proven alcohol control strategies, as well as persistence of misinformation and industry interference, have hindered the efforts of public health professionals to make sufficient progress in reducing alcohol related harms and death.
Query modification in object-oriented database federations (2002)

We discuss the modification of queries against an integrated view in a federation of object-oriented databases. We present a generalisation of existing algorithms for simple global query processing that works for arbitrarily defined integration classes. We then extend this algorithm to deal with object-oriented features such as queries involving path expressions and nesting. We show how properties of the OO-style of modelling relationships through object references can be exploited to reduce the number of subqueries necessary to evaluate such queries.
“Vapochromic” Compounds as Environmental Sensors. 2. Synthesis and Near-Infrared and Infrared Spectroscopy Studies of [Pt(arylisocyanide)<sub>4</sub>][Pt(CN)<sub>4</sub>] upon Exposure to Volatile Organic Compound Vapors (1997)

The synthesis, characterization, and vis−NIR−IR vapochromic/spectroscopic studies are reported for isocyanide compounds of the form [Pt(arylisocyanide)4][Pt(CN)4] (where arylisocyanide = p-CNC6H4CnH2n+1; n = 1, 6, 10, 12, 14). The dark blue, solid materials change color in the NIR (near-infrared) spectral region upon exposure to the ambient room-temperature vapor pressure of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). At room temperature the PtPt compounds exhibit strong solid-state absorption and emission bands in the NIR region of the spectrum that are red-shifted from similar bands in the PtPd analogues; (n = 1, λmax abs = 744, λmax emit = 958; n = 6, λmax abs = 841, λmax emit = 910; n = 10, λmax abs = 746, λmax emit = 944; n = 12, λmax abs = 764, λmax emit = 912; n = 14, λmax abs = 690, λmax emit = 876 nm). The positions of these broad bands depend on the number of carbons in the alkyl substituent. The absorption and emission bands for the solid material (n = 10 compound) also exhibit a substantial red-shift upon cooling to 77 K (λmax abs (293 K) = 746; λmax emit (293 K) = 944; λmax abs (77 K) = 846; λmax emit (77 K) = 1094 nm) that is consistent with an alternating cation−anion stacked structure. Qualitatively, compounds with n > 6 respond well to nonpolar VOCs; the n = 1, 6 compounds respond better to polar VOCs. The shifts observed for λmax abs (at 293 K) are on the order of 700 cm-1 and are 2−3 times greater than those exhibited by the PtPd analogue compounds under identical conditions. The n = 10 compound is the most responsive; the positions of the vis−NIR band in the presence of several solvent vapors are as follows: none, 746 nm; methanol, 757; ethanol, 782; 2-propanol, 782; diethyl ether, 787; acetonitrile, 809; hexanes, 775; acetone, 800; benzene, 801; dichloromethane, 811; chloroform, 837. No response was observed for water vapor. IR studies of films of the n = 10 compound on an ATR crystal show that the sorption of VOC by the solid causes no change in the ν(CN) isocyanide stretching frequency but in some cases a substantial shift (0−15 cm-1) in ν(CN) of the cyanide stretch is observed. When the n = 10 compound contacts VOCs capable of H-bonding with the Pt(CN)42- anion, two cyanide stretches are observed. All the spectroscopic data suggest that the VOC penetrates the solid and interacts with the linear chain chromophore to cause the spectral shifts in the vis−NIR−IR spectral regions. The vapochromic shifts are suggested to be due to dipole−dipole and/or H-bonding interactions between the Pt(CN)42- anion and polar VOCs. For nonpolar VOCs, lypophilic interactions between the VOC and the isocyanide ligands that cause no change in the ν(CN) stretching region must cause the NIR vapochromism observed. The absence of a vapochromic response for water vapor is suggested to arise from hydrophobic blocking of the water at the solid/gas interface.
Wakeup Receiver for Radio-On-Demand Wireless LANs (2011)

Access points (APs) of wireless LANs (WLANs), always powered on and ready to serve mobile nodes, consume a large amount of power in total, but are idle during much of the time. Previous protocol-based sleep-wakeup scheduling schemes partially solve this problem, but the large wakeup delay remains a problem. Aiming at realizing Radio-On-Demand WLANs, in this paper, we suggest using an additional wakeup transceiver to convey wakeup signals from nodes to APs. APs in the sleep mode are activated by nodes when new data flows are initiated, where the wakeup delay is very low. The proposed wakeup transceiver works on the 2.4GHz ISM band and shares antenna with a co-located WLAN module to reduce hardware cost. The wakeup receiver is designed to be simple but very reliable, and consume a very low power. The contribution of this paper is two-fold: (i) Wakeup signals are designed to co-exist with WLAN signals by exploiting the carrier sense mechanism of WLAN devices, and, (ii), explicit signal recognition is used to achieve an extremely low false wakeup probability in an environment where the number of WLAN signals is overwhelming. Testbed experiments confirm that the proposed scheme, besides its simplicity, has good performance in both frame error rate and false wakeup probability.
Usual interstitial pneumonia- <i>pattern</i> fibrosis in surgical lung biopsies. Clinical, radiological and histopathological clues to aetiology (2013)

Pulmonary fibrosis in surgical lung biopsies is said to have a 'usual interstitial pneumonia-pattern' (UIP-pattern) of disease when scarring of the parenchyma is present in a patchy, 'temporally heterogeneous' distribution. These biopsies are one of the more common non-neoplastic specimens surgical pathologists encounter and often pose a number of challenges. UIP is the expected histopathological pattern in patients with clinical idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but the UIP-pattern can be seen in other conditions on occasion. Most important among these are the rheumatic interstitial lung diseases (RILD) and chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (CHrHP). Because theses entities have different mechanisms of injury, approach to therapy, and expected clinical progression, it is imperative for the surgical pathologist to correctly classify them. Taken in isolation, the UIP-pattern seen in patients with IPF may appear to overlap with that of RILD and CHrHP, at least when using the broadest definition of this term (patchy fibrosis). However, important distinguishing features are nearly always present in our experience, and the addition of a multidisciplinary approach will often resolve the critical differences between these diseases. In this manuscript, we review the distinguishing clinical, radiologic and histopathological features of UIP of IPF, RILD and CHrHP, based, in part, on the existing literature, but also lessons learned from a busy lung biopsy consultation practice.
Progressive release of a palladium-pyridyl complex from a layer-by-layer multilayer and illustrative application to catalytic Suzuki coupling (2010)

Quartz slides bearing layers of a palladium azopyridine complex are seen to liberate catalytic amounts of a soluble active palladium species which can be used for Suzuki coupling.
Yeast Glucan in the Cyst Wall of <i>Pneumocystis carinii</i> (1989)

ABSTRACT Uluastraclurally, the cyst wall of Pneumocystis carinii consists of an electron‐dense outer layer, an electron‐lucent middle layer, and an innermost plasmalemma. This is similar in appearance to the cell wall of some yeasts, e.g. Saccharomyces cerevisiae , which consists of an outer dense layer of mannan, a middle lucent layer of β‐1,3‐glucan (yeast glucan) and an innermost plasmalemma. The cyst wall of P. carinii , as well as the cell wall of S. cerevisiae , can be labeled by a variety of methods which stain polysaccharides, such as Gomori's methenamine silver (GMS) and by Aniline blue, a dye which selectively stains β‐l,3‐glucan. The treatment of P. carinii cysts with Zymolyase, which the key enzyme is β1‐l,3‐glucan laminari‐pentaohydrolase, results in lysis of the outer 2 layers of the cyst wall and the loss of positive staining by both GMS and Aniline blue. The lysis of elements of the cyst wall of P. carinii is achieved under the same conditions and concentration at which Zymolyase lyses the outer 2 layers of the cell wall of viable cells of S. cerevisiae. These observations indicate that a major component of the cyst wall of P. carinii is β‐l,3‐glucan.
GDC: Group Discovery Using Co-location Traces (2010)

Smart phones can collect and share Bluetooth co-location traces to identify ad hoc or semi-permanent social groups. This information, known to group members but otherwise unavailable, can be leveraged in applications and protocols, such as recommender systems or delay-tolerant forwarding in ad hoc networks, to enhance the user experience. Group discovery using Bluetooth co-location is practical because:(i) Bluetooth is embedded in nearly every phone and has low battery consumption, (ii) the short wireless transmission range can lead to good group identification accuracy, and (iii) privacy-conscious users are more likely to share co-location data than absolute location data. This paper proposes the Group Discovery using Co-location traces (GDC) algorithm, which leverages user meeting frequency and duration to accurately detect groups. GDC is validated on one month of data collected from 141 smart phones carried by students on our campus. Users rated GDC's groups 30% better than groups discovered using the K-Clique algorithm. Additionally, GDC lends itself more easily to a distributed implementation, which achieves similar results with the centralized version while improving user's privacy.