gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Correction: Enhanced Virus Resistance in Transgenic Maize Expressing a dsRNA-Specific Endoribonuclease Gene from E. coli (2013)

Maize rough dwarf disease (MRDD), caused by several Fijiviruses in the family Reoviridae, is a global disease that is responsible for substantial yield losses in maize. Although some maize germplasm have low levels of polygenic resistance to MRDD, highly resistant cultivated varieties are not available for agronomic field production in China. In this work, we have generated transgenic maize lines that constitutively express rnc70, a mutant E. coli dsRNA-specific endoribonuclease gene. Transgenic lines were propagated and screened under field conditions for 12 generations. During three years of evaluations, two transgenic lines and their progeny were challenged with Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV), the causal agent of MRDD in China, and these plants exhibited reduced levels of disease severity. In two normal years of MRDD abundance, both lines were more resistant than non-transgenic plants. Even in the most serious MRDD year, six out of seven progeny from one line were resistant, whereas non-transgenic plants were highly susceptible. Molecular approaches in the T12 generation revealed that the rnc70 transgene was integrated and expressed stably in transgenic lines. Under artificial conditions permitting heavy virus inoculation, the T12 progeny of two highly resistant lines had a reduced incidence of MRDD and accumulation of RBSDV in infected plants. In addition, we confirmed that the RNC70 protein could bind directly to RBSDV dsRNA in vitro. Overall, our data show that RNC70-mediated resistance in transgenic maize can provide efficient protection against dsRNA virus infection.
A wireless chemical sensing scheme using ultrasonic imaging of microbubble embeded hydrogel (2015)

In this paper, we demonstrate a wireless chemical sensing scheme using ultrasonic imaging of a microbubble-functionalized hydrogel, which we call “bubblegel.” By incorporating oxygen microbubbles into a hydrogel, its volume transition, which is responsive to its chemical microenvironment, can be wirelessly monitored by ultrasonic imaging; measuring volume directly or measuring the reflected acoustic intensity from the surface of the bubblegel. Here a bubblegel fabricated with pH-sensitive poly (methacrylic acid-co-acrylamide) hydrogel is investigated in vitro. The sensor shows a sensitivity of 19.49 gray-scale intensity/pH and a resolution of 0.25 pH unit in the linear response region (between pH 4 and 6). It is expected that the concept can be adapted to hydrogels sensitive to other stimuli (e.g., glucose, biomarkers, etc.).
INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY OCCLUSION IN YOUNG ADULTS (1960)

In recent years, internal carotid artery occlusion has frequently been diagnosed in young adults. The present study of 17 patients under 40 years of age with carotid occlusion shows how the underlying mechanism accompanying the occlusion may differ from that in older patients in whom the usual cause is atherosclerosis (Fisher, 1954).
Affect Control Theory (2017)

Abstract Affect control theory offers a rigorous and generative model of how individuals interpret and respond to social events through cultural lenses. Developed by David R. Heise, this theory is stated as a set of mathematical equations and enables researchers to use computer simulations to explore the predicted behaviors, emotions, and identity impressions of individuals interacting within and between cultures. These equations model affective meanings within a control system, capturing the way that individuals create and conserve their working understandings of social situations by managing affect. These equations are empirically grounded, and require specification from data collected within the cultures represented by the models.
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) Bioplastic Packaging Materials (2010)

Abstract : The objectives of our project were to demonstrate the use of biodegradable PHA natural plastic for foamed packaging and stretch/shrink film applications. PHA packaging foams and stretch-shrink films were produced and tested for functional performance and biodegradability. Biodegradable PHA foam was made at greater than 15X expansion using a variety of blowing agents. We successfully demonstrated polymer branching and that certain stretch films were suitable for hand stretching. High melt-strength and melt-elasticity PHA polymers were produced using blends of branched, long chain-length PHA polymers with linear PHA polymers.
Quest for Highly Connected Metal–Organic Framework Platforms: Rare-Earth Polynuclear Clusters Versatility Meets Net Topology Needs (2015)

Gaining control over the assembly of highly porous rare-earth (RE) based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) remains challenging. Here we report the latest discoveries on our continuous quest for highly connected nets. The topological exploration based on the noncompatibility of a 12-connected RE polynuclear carboxylate-based cluster, points of extension matching the 12 vertices of the cuboctahedron (cuo), with 3-connected organic ligands led to the discovery of two fascinating and highly connected minimal edge-transitive nets, pek and aea. The reduced symmetry of the employed triangular tricarboxylate ligand, as compared to the prototype highly symmetrical 1,3,5-benzene(tris)benzoic acid guided the concurrent occurrence of nonanuclear [RE9(μ3-OH)12(μ3-O)2(O2C-)12] and hexanuclear [RE6(OH)8(O2C-)8] carboxylate-based clusters as 12-connected and 8-connected molecular building blocks in the structure of a 3-periodic pek-MOF based on a novel (3,8,12)-c trinodal net. The use of a tricarboxylate ligand with modified angles between carboxylate moieties led to the formation of a second MOF containing solely nonanuclear clusters and exhibiting once more a novel and a highly connected (3,12,12)-c trinodal net with aea topology. Notably, it is the first time that RE-MOFs with double six-membered ring (d6R) secondary building units are isolated, representing therefore a critical step forward toward the design of novel and highly coordinated materials using the supermolecular building layer approach while considering the d6Rs as building pillars. Lastly, the potential of these new MOFs for gas separation/storage was investigated by performing gas adsorption studies of various probe gas molecules over a wide range of pressures. Noticeably, pek-MOF-1 showed excellent volumetric CO2 and CH4 uptakes at high pressures.
High throughput protein fold identification by using experimental constraints derived from intramolecular cross-links and mass spectrometry (2000)

We have used intramolecular cross-linking, MS, and sequence threading to rapidly identify the fold of a model protein, bovine basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2. Its tertiary structure was probed with a lysine-specific cross-linking agent, bis(sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate (BS(3)). Sites of cross-linking were determined by tryptic peptide mapping by using time-of-flight MS. Eighteen unique intramolecular lysine (Lys-Lys) cross-links were identified. The assignments for eight cross-linked peptides were confirmed by using post source decay MS. The interatomic distance constraints were all consistent with the tertiary structure of FGF-2. These relatively few constraints, in conjunction with threading, correctly identified FGF-2 as a member of the beta-trefoil fold family. To further demonstrate utility, we used the top-scoring homolog, IL-1beta, to build an FGF-2 homology model with a backbone error of 4.8 A (rms deviation). This method is fast, is general, uses small amounts of material, and is amenable to automation.
Performance of Ferrites in the Microwave Range (Abstract) (1953)

The discovery of microwave Faraday rotation in ferrites has opened up a whole new field of investigation and applications. An elementary explanation of the cause of Faraday rotation will be given with the aid of a model of a spinning electron, which can demonstrate ferromagnetic resonance and negative permeability. Some of the applications of ferrites to microwave circulators, modulators end phase changers will be discussed.
Thermal and ion irradiation stability of direct current sputtered TiN/B–C–N multilayers (1997)

The response of TiN/B–C–N multilayers to vacuum annealing at 900 °C and to 300 keV argon irradiation is studied. Changes in composition, stress field, bilayer repeat length, and layered structure are reported. The modifications observed during thermal annealing are mainly related to the departure of nitrogen because of the initial high state of compressive stress. During irradiation, the viscous flow of atoms perpendicular to the stress field causes an increase of the bilayer repeat length and interdiffusion between each layer. This mechanism leads to relaxation of stress and to the disappearance of the layered structure for higher dose.
Doubled Haploidy as a Tool for Chimaera Dissolution of TALEN-Induced Mutations in Barley (2016)

Site-specific genome engineering is a breakthrough technology that facilitates the functional validation of genes and offers versatile novel opportunities of crop improvement. In the approach described in this chapter, the two units of transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) required for site-directed cleavage activity are separately used to produce homozygous transgenic lines, each carrying only one unit of the TALEN pair. Crossings of these plants result in pairwise combination of both TALEN units, which causes their activation during early zygotic embryogenesis in the hybrid caryopses and facilitates site-directed mutagenesis with unprecedented efficiency in a Triticeae species. As revealed by sequencing of target-specific PCR amplicons, the individual primary mutants are not only heterozygous for the target gene but also chimaeric typically harbouring multiple mutant alleles. We demonstrate the highly efficient production of homozygous mutant lines from the chimaeric primary mutants using haploid microspores as embryogenic founder cells for the generation of doubled haploid plants.
Predicting the Phase Equilibria of Mixtures of Hydrogen Fluoride with Water, Difluoromethane (HFC-32), and 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) Using a Simplified SAFT Approach (1997)

A simplified version of the statistical associating fluid theory (SAFT) is used to describe the thermodynamic properties and hence predict the phase equilibrium in associating mixtures containing hydrogen fluoride (HF). In the SAFT-HS approach the molecules are treated as hard spheres or chains of hard spherical segments with square-well association sites to mediate the hydrogen-bonding interactions and with van der Waals dispersion forces treated at the mean field level. Hydrogen fluoride is represented by a two association site model, as are the refrigerant molecules difluoromethane (HFC-32) and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a), while water (H2O) is represented by a four-site model. The intermolecular parameters of the pure components are determined in order to give the best representation of the vapor pressures and saturated liquid densities. The unlike intermolecular parameters of the mixtures are adjusted to specific features of the system: in the case of the H2O + HF system the azeotropic temperature at atmospheric pressure is used, while for the HFC-32 + HF and HFC-134a + HF systems bubble-point compositions are used. The SAFT-HS approach provides an excellent representation of the H2O + HF mixture over a large temperature and pressure range. The predicted phase equilibria of hydrogen fluoride mixtures with refrigerants are also in good agreement with experimental data; the presence of liquid−liquid equilibria in the mixture of HFC-134a + HF is predicted by the theory. It is hoped that the SAFT approach will be used as a predictive tool to describe these systems which are of importance in the manufacture of replacement refrigerants.
A New Screening Method for the Selection of<i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i>Group Lactic Acid Bacteria with High Adhesion to Human Colonic Mucosa (1996)

A hemagglutination (HA) assay was done for the screening of lectin-like components in surface layer protein (SLP) from Lactobacillus (L.) acidophilus A group strains. The new screening method, using polystyrene beads coated with rat-colonic mucin (RCM), which combines sugar chains similar to those of human colonic mucin, was also done. The results showed that the HA assay was not a good indicator for selecting strains having high adhesion to the human intestinal tract. The SLPs from 3 strains that strongly bound to RCM also bound well to carbohydrate portions of Carnoy’s-fixed human colonic mucous layer. These results suggest that this method is a new promising screening technique for the L. acidophilus strains having high adhesion to the human intestinal tract.
Structural Phase Behavior of High‐Concentration, Alignable Biomimetic Bicelle Mixtures (2005)

Abstract The structures of bicelle mixtures composed of dimyristoyl and dihexanoyl phosphatidylcholines (DMPC and DHPC) with DMPC/DHPC molar ratios of 3.2 and 5 are characterized using polarized optical microscopy (POM) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS). Three phases, isotropic (I), chiral nematic (N * ) and smectic (S) are observed as temperature (T) varies from 10 to 70 °C. The structure of the magnetically alignable N * phase, which was previously considered to be made up of discoidal micelles, is found to be composed of “ribbons”. Doping with the charged lipid, dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DMPG), which has the same 14:0 hydrocarbon chains as DMPC, results in a structural change of the aggregates where only the isotropic and smectic phases are observed. The smectic phase for the mixtures doped with DMPG is shear‐alignable and follows one‐dimensional swelling. However, at high‐T zwitterionic DMPC/DHPC mixtures form multi‐lamellar vesicles (MLV) with a relatively constant lamellar spacing of 66 Å, independent of water content.
Learning an inverse rig mapping for character animation (2015)

We propose a general, real-time solution to the inversion of the rig function - the function which maps animation data from a character's rig to its skeleton. Animators design character movements in the space of an animation rig, and a lack of a general solution for mapping motions from the skeleton space to the rig space keeps the animators away from the state-of-the-art character animation methods, such as those seen in motion editing and synthesis. Our solution is to use non-linear regression on sparse example animation sequences constructed by the animators, to learn such a mapping offline. When new example motions are provided in the skeleton space, the learned mapping is used to estimate the rig space values that reproduce such a motion. In order to further improve the precision, we also learn the derivative of the mapping, such that the movements can be fine-tuned to exactly follow the given motion. We test and present our system through examples including full-body character models, facial models and deformable surfaces. With our system, animators have the freedom to attach any motion synthesis algorithms to an arbitrary rigging and animation pipeline, for immediate editing. This greatly improves the productivity of 3D animation, while retaining the flexibility and creativity of artistic input.
Preparation and application of TEMPO-based di-radical organic electrode with ionic liquid-based polymer electrolyte (2012)

In this study we report the synthesis and use of new organic materials, TEMPO di-radical [1,3-bis(4-(2,2,6,6,-tetramethyl-1-oxyl-4-piperidoxyl)butyl) imidazolium trifluorosulfonate]. Two cells were prepared with Li metal anode and the TEMPO di-radical based cathode with a microporous polymer electrolyte [1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide (BMImTFSI) in 0.5 M LiTFSI, and in 1 M LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate (EC/DMC)] hosted in electrospun poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP) membrane. The nature of the solvent was not found to affect the basic redox reaction behavior of TEMPO. The anodic and cathodic peaks were obtained at almost the same position and with some difference in the separation of peaks. The presence of BMImTFSI significantly affects the electrochemical performance of the battery as the cell having this RTIL exhibited far better electrochemical performance with 100% utilization of the active material and reasonably good cycling performance up to 200 cycles. We believe that this composite cell will contribute to organic green rechargeable batteries, although the cell is not fully organic composite.
Effects of insulin on wound healing in diabetic mice (1982)

In the present study wound healing was examined in normal C57B1/6 male mice, diabetic mice, non-treated; and in diabetic mice treated with insulin. Small dermal wounds were made in the ears of the mice 40 h after the initial injection of insulin or vehicle alone. All animals were biopsied 8 h later. The wounds were examined by light and electron microscopy and wound components (capillaries, fibroblasts, PMN's oedema, collagen) were quantitated by lineal point analysis. The non-treated, diabetic mice demonstrated in inability to heal wounds when compared to controls; whereas, diabetic mice given a multidose insulin regimen demonstrated a response similar to controls. Insulin treatment of diabetic mice reduced the mean level of hyperglycaemia when compared to the non-treated diabetic mice. There was no detectable difference in the healing response with duration of diabetes in either the insulin-treated or non-treated diabetic mice. Although there was a mild reduction in hyperglycaemia, these data support the hypotheses that insulin is a necessary component of an adequate wound healing response.
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON THE MODE OF ACTION OF NEFOPAM, A NOVEL ANALGESIC AGENT (1981)

The mode of action of nefopam, a novel analgesic, on the splanchnic afferent pathway was investigated using electrophysiological methods. Nefopam (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg, i.v.) caused arousal patterns in spontaneous rabbit EEG. In intact cats, nefopam (1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg, i.v.) suppressed the evoked potentials recorded from the posterior sigmoid gyrus of the cortex, N. ventralis posterolateralis and N. centralis medialis of the thalamus and the ventrolateral funiculus of the spinal cord following splanchnic nerve stimulation without inhibiting potentials in the thalamocortical pathways. These depressant effects were not antagonized by a narcotic antagonist, levallorphan (0.5 mg/kg, i.V.). The inhibitory effect of nefopam on the spinal potential evoked by splanchnic nerve stimulation was not observed in spinal cats (C1–C2 transection) and pentobarbital-anesthetized cats. These results suggest that nefopam may inhibit the splanchnic afferent pathways in the spinal cord by reinforcing descending inhibitory systems originating in the supra-spinal structure, in a manner which differs from that seen with morphine.
Topological structure of the magnetotail as a function of interplanetary magnetic field direction (1995)

Magnetic reconnection between the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and the geomagnetic field is thought to play a major role in the transfer of solar wind momentum and energy to the magnetosphere. As the angle between the IMF and the geomagnetic field is changed at the bow of the magnetosphere, the topological record of the location of the reconnection region should be recorded in the magnetosheath and on the magnetopause along the flanks of the tail, because the super fast flow freezes strong magnetic gradients formed in the bow reconnection regions into the plasma downstream. In this report, we present results from a three‐dimensional, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD), global numerical simulation code for the location of the separatrix between unconnected IMF magnetosheath field lines and reconnected field lines which penetrate the magnetopause and connect to the polar ionosphere. The angle between the IMF direction and the line where the separatrix crosses the magnetopause is shown to be a sensitive function of the IMF clock angle. We also explain how this behavior can be used to derive an approximate relation for the dependence of the cross‐polar voltage on the IMF clock angle. We conclude with a note of caution concerning the importance of physical boundary conditions in magnetoplasma simulations.
Suppression of Acute Ixodes scapularis-Induced Borrelia burgdorferi Infection using Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Interleukin-2, and Interferon-γ (1996)

Down-regulation of mammalian cytokine production has been demonstrated during tick feeding. To examine the hypothesis that reconstitution of cytokines during tick feeding could facilitate immune containment of Borrelia burgdorferi, the following experiments were done. C3H/HeJ mice were given cytokines for 10 days after Ixodes scapularis attachment. At day 21, ear biopsies were analyzed for B. burgdorferi. Polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated a protection rate of 95% in mice receiving tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Mice that received interleukin (IL)-2 or interferon (IFN)-gamma had infection rates of 30%-45% compared with 83% for untreated controls. No correlation was noted between neutralizing antibody, reactivity by Western blot, and subsequent protection. Culture of B. burgdorferi in cytokine-conditioned media indicated that TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-2 were not cytotoxic for B. burgdorferi. These data suggest that cytokine-induced protection from B. burgdorferi infection was immune-mediated and that cellular immunity may be associated with protection from I. scapularis-induced infection.
Translation elongation factor 3: a fungus‐specific translation factor? (1993)

Fungi appear to be unique in their requirement for a third soluble translation elongation factor. This factor, designated elongation factor 3 (EF-3), was first described in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and has subsequently been identified in a wide range of fungal species including Candida albicans and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. EF-3 exhibits ribosome-dependent ATPase and GTPase activities that are not intrinsic to the fungal ribosome, but which are essential for translation elongation. Recent studies on the structure of EF-3 from several fungal species have shown that it consists of a repeated domain, with each domain containing the expected putative ATP- and GTP-binding motifs. Overall, EF-3 shows striking amino acid similarity to members of the ATP-binding Cassette (ABC) family of membrane-associated transport proteins although EF-3 is not itself directly membrane-associated. Regions of the EF-3 polypeptide also show structural homology with other translation-associated factors including aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and the Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S5. While the precise role of EF-3 in the translation elongation cycle remains to be defined, recent evidence suggests that it may be involved in optimizing accuracy during mRNA decoding at the ribosomal A site. Furthermore, the essential nature of EF-3 with respect to the fungal cell indicates that it may be an effective antifungal target. Its apparently ubiquitous occurrence throughout the fungal kingdom also suggests that it may be a useful fungal taxonomic marker.
SAFETY AT ROADWORK: A HIGHWAY AUTHORITY ENGINEER'S VIEWPOINT (1990)

Considerations sur les problemes en GB de securite du travail a l'interface entre travaux de construction ou de maintenance et trafic.
Pulmonary Delivery of Beclomethasone Liposome Aerosol in Volunteers (1997)

Bec-DLPC liposome aqueous aerosol was well tolerated in doses equivalent to those currently administered by MDIs and dry powder inhalers for treatment of asthma.