gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anti-obesity and metabolic efficacy of the β3-adrenergic agonist, CL316243, in mice at thermoneutrality compared to 22°C (2015)

CL316243 treatment can have beneficial metabolic effects in the absence of adiposity changes. In addition, the interaction between environmental temperature and CL316243 treatment is different from the interaction between environmental temperature and 2,4-dinitrophenol treatment reported previously, suggesting that each drug mechanism must be examined to understand the effect of environmental temperature on drug efficacy.
A concentration index for analyzing three‐dimensional line patterns and its application to X‐ray CT images (1998)

When interpreting three-dimensional images it is difficult to understand the local concentration of line patterns and hence quantification of the latter is important. In this paper, a concentration index, previously reported to provide an effective characteristic for quantitatively evaluating the local concentration of two-dimensional line patterns, is extended to three dimensions (3D concentration index). The nature and application of this index are described. First, using analysis and theoretical simulation of discrete line patterns, the nature of the 3D concentration index is studied in detail. Then, the 3D concentration index is applied to quantification of the dynamic state of a blood vessel image obtained from a chest X-ray CT image. It is shown that this quantity is effective in the judgment of flux near tumor tissue, a characteristic of a tumor inside the lung. © 1998 Scripta Technica. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 81(7): 7–17, 1998
A highly polymorphic microsatellite in the class II Eb gene allows tracing of major histocompatibility complex evolution in mouse. (1993)

A hallmark of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes is their extraordinarily high level of polymorphism. Polymorphic residues on MHC molecules determine which peptide ligands they bind and present to effector T lymphocytes. Although the genetic mechanisms responsible for MHC polymorphism have been delineated, the timetable and the pathway of their diversification remain unclear. To trace MHC evolution, we have characterized a highly polymorphic microsatellite containing tandem repeats (TRs) of two tetranucleotide units, TGGA and GGCA, located at the 3' end of the second intron in the class II Eb gene of mouse. On the basis of length as well as sequence variations, 11 TR alleles were defined in 55 inbred mouse strains, which included MHC recombinant haplotypes and haplotypes derived from different subspecies of mouse. In this extensive sampling, a striking concordance was observed between the serologically identified class II proteins and the associated TR alleles. Examination of several strains carrying the same MHC haplotypes as well as strains carrying recombinant MHC haplotypes indicates that TR alleles are extremely stable. These observations suggest that TR polymorphism predates the separation of various subspecies of mouse. On the basis of sequence divergence, a genealogical tree has been constructed to depict evolution of the different TR alleles. Finally, evidence is presented that suggests this microsatellite polymorphism is generated by slipped-strand mispairing during DNA replication.
Ultrahigh Pressure: Beyond 2 Megabars and the Ruby Fluorescence Scale (1984)

A new design of the diamond-window, high-pressure cell has permitted static pressure of 2.8 megabars to be generated for the first time. The design is unusually stable mechanically, and thus it should be possible to use the new cell to study most materials, including hydrogen, in the unexplored pressure region above 1 megabar.
SNP Cutter: a comprehensive tool for SNP PCR-RFLP assay design (2005)

The Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) is a relatively simple and inexpensive method for genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). It requires minimal investment in instrumentation. Here, we describe a web application, 'SNP Cutter,' which designs PCR-RFLP assays on a batch of SNPs from the human genome. NCBI dbSNP rs IDs or formatted SNPs are submitted into the SNP Cutter which then uses restriction enzymes from a pre-selected list to perform enzyme selection. The program is capable of designing primers for either natural PCR-RFLP or mismatch PCR-RFLP, depending on the SNP sequence data. SNP Cutter generates the information needed to evaluate and perform genotyping experiments, including a PCR primers list, sizes of original amplicons and different allelic fragment after enzyme digestion. Some output data is tab-delimited, therefore suitable for database archiving. The SNP Cut-ter is available at http://bioinfo.bsd.uchicago.edu/SNP_cutter.htm.
Efficiency Enhancements in Solid-State Hybrid Solar Cells via Reduced Charge Recombination and Increased Light Capture (2007)

We compare a series of molecular sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells containing the organic hole transporter 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxypheny-amine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-MeOTAD). Charge recombination is reduced by the presence of "ion-coordinating" moieties on the dye, with the longest electron lifetime and highest solar cell efficiency achieved using a novel sensitizer with diblock alkoxy-alkane pendent groups. By further increasing the optical path length in the active layer, we achieve a power conversion efficiency of over 5% under simulated sun light.
The Proposed Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) Mission (2012)

A new space mission concept called Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) is being developed jointly by a collaborative effort of the international oceanographic and hydrological communities for making high-resolution measurement of the water elevation of both the ocean and land surface water to answer the questions about the oceanic submesoscale processes and the storage and discharge of land surface water. The key instrument payload would be a Ka-band radar interferometer capable of making high-resolution wide-swath altimetry measurement. This paper describes the proposed science objectives and requirements as well as the measurement approach of SWOT, which is baselined to be launched in 2019. SWOT would demonstrate this new approach to advancing both oceanography and land hydrology and set a standard for future altimetry missions.
Event‐Related Attributes Affecting Donation Intention of Special Event Attendees (2015)

The practice of increasing donations through special events has significant financial implications for charitable organizations. However, little is known about how such events can be organized to increase individuals’ donation intention beyond their event attendance. In this case study, a post‐event survey was conducted with attendees of a professional golf tournament operating as a special event to identify event‐related attributes that affected their intention to donate to the cause supported by the event. The results indicate that attendees’ donation intention was positively associated with their event satisfaction, perceived contributions of the event to the cause, and sense of camaraderie at the event. Furthermore, the effects of event satisfaction and camaraderie were stronger for attendees whose primary motivation for attending the event was unrelated to cause support. These results support hypotheses drawn from social exchange theory and provide implications for charitable organizations engaging in special events.
Crosswell Magnetic Sensing of Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles for Subsurface Applications (2013)

ABSTRACT Stable dispersions of superparamagnetic nanoparticles that are already in use in biomedicine as image-enhancing agents, also have potential use in subsurface applications. Surface-coated nanoparticles are capable of flowing through micron-size pores across long distances in a reservoir, with modest retention in rock. These particles change the magnetic permeability of the flooded region, and thus can be used to enhance images of the flood. In this paper, we model the propagation of a "ferrofluid" slug in a reservoir and its response to a crosswell magnetic tomography system. This approach to monitoring fluid movement within a reservoir is built on established electromagnetic (EM) conductivity monitoring technology. In this work, however, we investigate the contrast between injected and resident fluids when they have different magnetic permeabilities. Specifically, we highlight the magnetic response at low-frequency (less than 100 Hz) to the magnetic excitations generated by a vertical magnetic dipole source positioned at the injection well. At these frequencies, the induction effect is small, the casing effect is manageable, the crosswell response originates purely from the magnetic contrast in the formation, and changes in fluid conductivities are irrelevant. The sensitivity of the measurements to the magnetic slug is highest when the slug is closest to the source or receivers and lower when the slug is midway in the interwell region. At low frequencies (below 100 Hz in our assumed model), the magnetic response of the ferrofluid slug is largely independent of frequency. As expected for the conductive slug, the sensitivity of the inductive measurements is negligible at low frequencies while significant levels of detectability result at frequencies above 100 Hz. We demonstrate sensitivity to the vertical boundaries of the slug by shifting the vertical position of the excitation source relative to the magnetic slug. The slug geometry plays a key role in determining the magnetic response. Given a fixed volume of ferrofluid and considering several candidate formations for test pilot design, there is an optimum layer thickness which results in the maximum magnetic response. Hydrodynamic dispersion of the slug has negligible effect on the magnetic response during early stages of the waterflood. As the slug travels farther into the formation, however, dispersion reduces the concentration of nanoparticles and the spatial contributions of the magnetic measurements are more diffuse. We illustrate how these low frequency excitation behaviors are consistent with the quasi-static magnetic dipole physics. The fact that the progress of the magnetic slug can be detected at very early stages of the flood, that the traveling slug's vertical boundaries can be identified at low frequencies, and that the magnetic nanoparticles can be sensed well before the actual arrival of the slug at the observer well, provides significant value of using the magnetic contrast agents in crosswell EM tomography.
Isolation of DD carboxypeptidase from Streptomyces albus G culture filtrates (1970)

peer reviewed
Integration of neurogenesis and angiogenesis models for constructing a neurovascular tissue (2017)

Neurovascular unit (NVU) is a basic unit in the brain, including neurons, glial cells, blood vessels and extracellular matrix. This concept implies the importance of a three-dimensional (3D) culture model including these cell types for investigating brain functions. However, little is known about the construction of an in vitro 3D NVU model. In the present study, we aimed at constructing 3D neurovascular tissues by combining in vitro neurogenesis and angiogenesis models using a microfluidic platform, which is a critical step toward the NVU construction in vitro. Three gel conditions, which were fibrin gel, fibrin-Matrigel mixed gel and fibrin-hyaluronan mixed gel, were investigated to optimize the gel components in terms of neurogenesis and angiogenesis. First, fibrin-Matrigel mixed gel was found to promote neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation into neurons and neurite extension. In particular, 3D neural networks were constructed in 2-8 mg/ml fibrin-Matrigel mixed gel. Second, we found that capillary-like structures were also formed in the fibrin-Matrigel mixed gel by coculturing brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) and human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Finally, we combined both neural and vascular culture models and succeeded in constructing 3D neurovascular tissues with an optimized seeding condition of NSCs, BMECs and MSCs.
Absolute configurational assignment of self‐organizing asymmetric tripodal ligand‐metal complexes (1997)

The solution configuration of labile coordination complexes may be difficult to determine, even in cases in which the solid state structure is known. We have previously synthesized a series of chiral ligands which form pseudo-C3-symmetric complexes with ZnII and CuII salts that possess an available electrophilic coordination site. Molecular modeling of ZnII complexes of the chiral ligand N,N-bis[(2-quinolyl)methyl]-1-(2-pyridyl)ethanamine (α-MeBQPA) showed that the spatial arrangement of the heterocyclic arms is controlled by a substituent on one methylene arm, resulting in the adoption of an enantiomeric conformation displaying a propeller-like asymmetry. In this paper we report the application of the exciton chirality method to the determination of the conformation of asymmetric metal-ligand complexes in solution. There is a good correlation between the predicted and the observed Cotton effects, demonstrating that the geometry in solution closely resembles that predicted by computational simulations and those obtained by X-ray crystallographic studies of metal complexes with racemic and enantiomerically pure ligands. The X-ray crystallographic structure of the first optically pure complex in this series is reported. Chirality 9:616–622, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Production of carbon-coated aluminium nanopowders in pulsed microarc discharge (2002)

A new technique of metal nanopowder production and in situ coating using a microarc discharge is proposed. The feasibility of this method is demonstrated and preliminary results are presented. The microarc discharge was operated at 1 atm in both pure Ar and natural gas environments. Respectively, aluminium nanoparticles without and with ∼1 nm thick carbon surface coating were obtained. The morphology and structures of the nanoparticles were studied using a transmission electron microscope (TEM), and size distribution of the coated particles was determined from the TEM image analyses. It was found that the sizes of the produced carbon-coated aluminium particles were well described by a lognormal distribution with the geometrical mean size of 22.7 nm and standard deviation of 1.35.
A fast fixed point learning method to implement associative memory on CNNs (1997)

Cellular Neural Networks (CNNs) with space-varying interconnections are considered here to implement associative memories. A fast learning method is presented to compute the interconnection weights. The algorithm was carefully tested and compared to other methods. Storage capacity, noise immunity, and spurious state avoidance capability of the proposed system are discussed.
Semantic Object Selection and Detection for Diminished Reality Based on SLAM with Viewpoint Class (2017)

We propose a novel diminished reality method which is able to (i) automatically recognize the region to be diminished, (ii) work with a single RGB-D sensor, and (iii) work without pre-processing to generate a 3D model of the target scene by utilizing SLAM, segmentation, and recognition framework. Especially, regarding the recognition of the area to be diminished, our method is able to maintain high accuracy no matter how the camera moves by distributing the viewpoints for each object uniformly and aggregating recognition results from each distributed viewpoint as the same weight. These advantages are demonstrated on the UW RGB-D Dataset and Scenes.
Ovarian cancer detection from metabolomic liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry data by support vector machines (2009)

Three evaluation processes (leave-one-out-cross-validation, 12-fold-cross-validation, 52-20-split-validation) were used to examine the SVM models based on the selected panels in terms of their ability for differentiating control vs. disease serum samples. The statistical significance for these feature selection results were comprehensively investigated. Classification of the serum sample test set was over 90% accurate indicating promise that the above approach may lead to the development of an accurate and reliable metabolomic-based approach for detecting ovarian cancer.
Multiple-Inputs and Multiple-Outputs Wireless Power Combining and Delivering Systems (2015)

In this paper, we investigated the effect of power combining and delivering in multiinput and multioutput wireless energy transmission systems, which consist of more than one transmitter antennas as sources and more than one receiver antennas as loads and repeaters. Theoretical expressions were developed to model the system operation that can be in a large-scale wireless energy network architecture. System characteristics, such as power transfer between antennas, power losses induced in each antenna, wireless efficiency, coil misalignment, and power fluctuation due to the loss of frequency synchronization were examined by theory and verified with experiments. Measurement results matched well with the theory demonstrating the feasibility of combining and delivering power with high efficiencies in large-scale wireless energy transmission systems.
Introduction (2008)

The introduction explains the principal changes to previous vulnerable witnesses legislation brought about by the 2004 Act. It traces the origins of the introduction and development of the use of special measures in civil and criminal proceedings in Scotland between 1990 and 1997. It describes the scheme of the Act; part 1 (s 1-10) concerns criminal proceedings and amends the Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995 and the Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 2003, part 2 (s 11-23) civil proceedings and part 3 (s24 and 25) the abolition of the competence test in civil and criminal cases, commencement and short title. It describes the legislative progress of the Bill and the phased implementation of the measures between 2005 and 2008. It also provides links to explanatory material and guidance produced by the Scottish Government.
Entity-centric document filtering (2013)

This paper studies the entity-centric document filtering task -- given an entity represented by its identification page (e.g., an Wikpedia page), how to correctly identify its relevant documents. In particular, we are interested in learning an entity-centric document filter based on a small number of training entities, and the filter can predict document relevance for a large set of unseen entities at query time. Towards characterizing the relevance of a document, the problem boils down to learning keyword importance for the query entities. Since the same keyword will have very different importance for different entities, we abstract the entity-centric document filtering problem as a transfer learning problem, and the challenge becomes how to appropriately transfer the keyword importance learned from training entities to query entities. Based on the insight that keywords sharing some similar "properties" should have similar importance for their respective entities, we propose a novel concept of meta-feature to map keywords from different entities. To realize the idea of meta-feature-based feature mapping, we develop and contrast two different models, LinearMapping and BoostMapping. Experiments on three different datasets confirm the effectiveness of our proposed models, which show significant improvement compared with four state-of-the-art baseline methods.
Synthesis and Field Emission Properties of Hierarchical ZnO Nanostructures (2010)

Three novel kinds of hierarchical ZnO nanostructures: nanocombs nanoscrewdrivers and nanonails, have been synthesized in large quantities via a simple thermal evaporation process in the same run of growth in different regions of the quartz tube. The morphologies could be well controlled by adjusting the distances between the source materials and the substrates. These ZnO products were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The field emission properties of the ZnO nanostructures were investigated. These hierarchical ZnO nanostructures may be attractive building blocks for field emission microelectronic devices and other devices.
Coronary balloon angioplasty for elderly patients with severe angina. (1987)

From February 1983 to December 1986, 65 angioplasty procedures were attempted in 51 patients aged 65 or more. All had angina refractory to medical treatment and 89% of procedures were performed in patients in Canadian Cardiovascular Society angina class III or IV. Sixty eight per cent of patients had multivessel disease. Angioplasty was attempted on a single vessel in 52 instances (80%) and on multiple vessels in 13 (20%). The initial success rate was 75% for stenosis and 44% for occlusion. No attempt was made to treat all visible lesions in every case. At least one major complication occurred in 6.2% of the procedures: Q wave infarction in 4.6%, emergency surgery in 4.6%, and death in 4.6%. After a median follow up of four months (range 1-31) 37% of the patients in whom the procedure was initially successful were asymptomatic and 76% were improved by at least one Canadian Cardiovascular Society angina class. Angiographic restenosis occurred in 28% of treated lesions and 39% of patients had at least one recurrent stenosis. Among the patients with an initially successful procedure, 11% needed surgical revascularisation during the follow up period compared with 50% of those with a failed angioplasty. Balloon coronary angioplasty can be an effective form of treatment for the relief of severe angina in elderly patients.
EVILCOHORT: detecting communities of malicious accounts on online services (2015)

Cybercriminals misuse accounts on online services (e.g., webmails and online social networks) to perform malicious activity, such as spreading malicious content or stealing sensitive information. In this paper, we show that accounts that are accessed by botnets are a popular choice by cybercriminals. Since botnets are composed of a finite number of infected computers, we observe that cybercriminals tend to have their bots connect to multiple online accounts to perform malicious activity. We present EVILCOHORT, a system that detects online accounts that are accessed by a common set of infected machines. EVILCOHORT only needs the mapping between an online account and an IP address to operate, and can therefore detect malicious accounts on any online service (webmail services, online social networks, storage services) regardless of the type of malicious activity that these accounts perform. Unlike previous work, our system can identify malicious accounts that are controlled by botnets but do not post any malicious content (e.g., spam) on the service. We evaluated EVILCOHORT on multiple online services of different types (a webmail service and four online social networks), and show that it accurately identifies malicious accounts.