gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gene Therapy Targeting LDL Cholesterol but not HDL Cholesterol Induces Regression of Advanced Atherosclerosis in a Mouse Model of Familial Hypercholesterolemia (2011)

A reduction in low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol or an increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol can reduce the risk of development of atherosclerosis through overlapping or independent mechanisms. However, the clinical outcome of combined therapy remains in debate. In this study, we first characterized effects of various constructs of helper-dependent adenoviral vector (HDAd) expressing apolipoprotein E3 or LDL receptor (LDLR) in vivo on plasma cholesterol levels. Using this information, we designed experiments and compared the effects of long-term (28 weeks) LDL cholesterol lowering or raising HDL cholesterol, or a combination of both on advanced atherosclerosis in Ldlr(-/-) mice, a mouse model of familial hypercholesterolemia. Our major findings are: (i) various factors influence in vivo functional activity, which appear to be context dependent; (ii) apolipoprotein AI (APOAI) gene transfer, which raises HDL cholesterol, retards progression of atherosclerosis but does not induce regression; (iii) LDLR or LDLR and APOAI combination gene therapy induces lesion regression; however, LDLR gene transfer accounts for the majority of the effects of combined gene therapy; (iv) LDLR gene therapy reduces interleukin-7, which is a master regulator of T-cell homeostasis, but APOAI gene therapy does not. These results indicate that LDL cholesterol lowering is effective and sufficient in protection against atherosclerosis and induction of regression of pre-existing atherosclerosis.
Nanotube and Three‐Way Nanotube Formation with Nonionic Amphiphilic Block Peptides (2008)

Amphiphilic block polypeptides having a helical hydrophobic block with a uniform chain length and a hydrophilic nonionic block were newly synthesized and self-assembled into homogeneous nanotubes with ca. 60 nm diameter and ca. 200 nm length. The tubular assembly was shown to be elongated by heating over micrometer length without changing the diameter. Notably, a distinctive three-way nanotube was obtained just by mixing two kinds of amphiphilic polypeptides with the same helical hydrophobic block but different chain lengths of the hydrophilic block. The morphology of the molecular assemblies was shown to be tunable from a curved sheet-shaped assembly to a long or short nanotubular assembly and a three-way nanotubular assembly by suitable molecular design of the hydrophobic block, selection of the chain length of the hydrophilic block, mixing two-type block peptides, and processing such as heating.
STUDY ON URBAN CLIMATE ANALYSIS BASED ON MESO-SCALE CLIMATE MODEL INCORPORATED WITH THE URBAN CANOPY MODEL (2005)

Three-dimensional meteorological meso-scale model is often used to solve the mechanism of urban heat island. On the meso-scale analysis, one-dimensional heat balance model is used mainly as ground boundary conditions. However it is necessary to include the effects of building canopy exactly in order to analyze thermal environment at pedestrian level in urban area. On the other hand, one-dimensional urban canopy model is also used commonly to analyze urban climate. This model can predict thermal environment at pedestrian level easily. However it is impossible to analyze three-dimensional property of climate including effects of advection and diffusion by this model due to the assumption of horizontally homogeneous flow and temperature field. In this paper, meteorological meso-scale model is incorporated with the urban canopy model as the boundary conditions. The 3D detailed digital map information is utilized for representing the building canopy model. The urban thermal environment in Tokyo metropolitan area is analyzed by means of this new method proposed here and the structure of urban heat island is clarified.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Depression (2016)

Literature cited in this review highly supports the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in depression. As impairment in the mitochondrial functions lead to the generation of various insults that exaggerate the pathogenesis of depression. So, it is useful to study mitochondrial dysfunction in relation to mood disorders, synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis and enhancing the functions of mitochondria might show promiscuous effects in the treatment of depressed patients.
Effects of prolonged controlled mechanical ventilation on diaphragmatic function in healthy adult baboons (1997)

Eleven days of mechanical ventilation and neuromuscular blockade in healthy baboons resulted in nonsignificant changes in hemodynamics, oxygenation, and/or lung function. However, significant impairment in diaphragmatic endurance and strength were seen. Based on these results, it is likely that prolonged mechanical ventilation by itself impairs diaphragmatic function independent of underlying lung disease.
Introducing the New ADAPTIVEREG Procedure for Adaptive Regression (2013)

the future is one of the most basic human desires. In previous centuries, prediction methods included studying the stars, reading tea leaves, and even examining the entrails of animals. Statistical methodology brought more scientific techniques such as linear and generalized linear models, discriminant analysis, logistic regression, and so on. In this paper, you will learn about multivariate adaptive regression splines (Friedman 1991), a nonparametric technique that combines regression splines and model selection methods. It extends linear models to analyze nonlinear dependencies and to produce parsimonious models that do not overfit the data and thus have good predictive power. This paper shows you how to use PROC ADAPTIVEREG (a new SAS/STAT ® procedure for multivariate adaptive regression spline models) by presenting a series of examples that show the relationship between adaptive regression models and other statistical modeling techniques. INTRODUCTION ADAPTIVEREG procedure fits multivariate adaptive regression splines, which were proposed by Friedman (1991). Multivariate adaptive regression splines extend linear models to analyze nonlinear dependencies and produce parsi- monious models that do not overfit the data and thus have good predictive power. This method is a nonparametric regression technique that combines both regression splines and model selection. It constructs spline basis functions in an adaptive way by automatically selecting appropriate knot values for different variables, and it obtains reduced models by applying model selection techniques. The method does not assume parametric model forms and does not require specification of knot values. This paper explains the basics of PROC ADAPTIVEREG by using a series of examples that include linear, logistic, and Poisson models. The first three examples demonstrate some basic capabilities of PROC ADAPTIVEREG and show how it constructs the basis functions. These examples explain the algorithms that are used by PROC ADAPTIVEREG by showing you ways in which they correspond to more familiar multiple regression models. The logistic regression junk e- mail example is the most comprehensive example and illustrates the most important capability of PROC ADAPTIVEREG, namely prediction. That example shows you how to build a model and use it to score observations that were not used in the initial model. When the correct classification is known, the scored observations are used to evaluate the goodness of the predictions. The final example illustrates a nonparametric Poisson regression model.
Temperature, Photoperiod and Light Intensity Effects on Growth of Pisum sativum L.1 (1973)

Abstract In controlled environment chambers with 3 temperatures (12.8, 17.5 and 22.2°C), 2 photoperiods (16 hours and continuous light) and 2 light intensities (21,500 and 43,000 lux) the greatest growth in peas was obtained with the combination of high temperature, continuous light and high intensity. Of 12 cultivars tested, the dry weight of the lowest yielding, ‘Lincoln’, was less than half that of the highest yielding, ‘Laxton's Progress’.
Non-equilibrium scaling laws in axisymmetric turbulent wakes (2015)

We present a combined direct numerical simulation and hot-wire anemometry study of an axisymmetric turbulent wake. The data lead to a revised theory of axisymmetric turbulent wakes which relies on the mean streamwise momentum and turbulent kinetic energy equations, self-similarity of the mean flow, turbulent kinetic energy, Reynolds shear stress and turbulent dissipation profiles, non-equilibrium dissipation scalings and an assumption of constant anisotropy. This theory is supported by the present data up to a distance of 100 times the wake generator’s size, which is as far as these data extend.
Advantages of pyruvate over lactate in peritoneal dialysis solutions. (2001)

This review discusses effects of both lactate and pyruvate, and high glucose in peritoneal dialysis solutions (PDS) on leukocytes, mainly on intracellular pH ([pH](i)), glucose metabolic pathways, and apoptosis. Lactate-based PDS (L-PDS) are bioincompatible primarily due to the low pH, high lactate, and glucose excess in both individual and combination. High lactate in an acidi milieu would induce severe intracellular acidosis of leukocytes, and high glucose may disturb glucose metabolic pathways and activate protein kinase C (PKC) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) of the cells, leading to apoptosis. Pyruvate-based PDS (P-PDS) are novel experimental PDS. Evidence shows that P-PDS are superior in biocompatibility. Pyruvate protection of cells has been confirmed in many fields besides the PDS area. Although the underlying mechanism whereby P-PDS preserve cell function is not fully understood, it may be associated with the maintenance of [pH](i) close to physiological, due to its low buffering capacity, improvement of cellular glucose metabolic pathways and redox state, and sustainment of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) homeostasis in high glucose concentrations. It may also inhibit PKC and NF-kappaB activation in high glucose. In addition, pyruvate is a strong antioxidant, a scavenger of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However, exogenous pyruvate in PDS could not be an energy source for cells and also the Crabtree effect might not occur in neutrophils. Pyruvate is a hopeful candidate of buffers in PDS in the near future. Further observation of P-PDS is strongly needed with peritoneal cells to verify the cell protection both in vitro and in vivo before clinic trials.
9.1 A 45nm CMOS RF-to-Bits LTE/WCDMA FDD/TDD 2×2 MIMO base-station transceiver SoC with 200MHz RF bandwidth (2016)

Increasing mobile data demands are pushing cellular network capacity. Massive MIMO base stations with large antenna arrays and smaller cell sizes demand higher integration in radio transceivers than what is available [1].
Selection of Chromatographic Protein Purification Operations Based on Physicochemical Properties<i><sup>a</sup></i> (1994)

The charge characteristics of four proteins (conalbumin, ovalbumin, apotransferrin, and soybean trypsin inhibitor) were determined over a range of pH using an electrophoretic technique (titration curve). HPLC anion-exchange chromatography for each of the proteins was performed to investigate whether electrophoretic and chromatographic results could be correlated. It was found that charge density, estimated from the electrophoretic titration curves (as net charge divided by the protein molecular weight) in most cases correlates extremely well the retention of the protein in terms of time needed for the protein to be eluted from the column. This correlation was far better than that of net charge or that of surface charge (net charge/surface area). The performance of anion-exchange chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and gel filtration using preparative columns on an FPLC were compared. The ability of each method to separate the components of the mixture of the four proteins was assessed by calculating the resolution of the chromatographic results obtained for each pair of proteins. Using the concept of the deviation factor (DF) between individual properties of pairs of proteins (charge density, molecular weight, hydrophobicity), the separation efficiency factor (eta s) could be calculated. Resolution results showed that anion exchange was the best technique for separating the proteins followed by hydrophobic interaction chromatography and gel filtration. Calculations for efficiency, eta s, confirmed the superiority of anion-exchange chromatography as a separation method over gel filtration. For hydrophobic interaction chromatography, it was not possible to find a suitable parameter to express DF and, consequently, eta s. An appropriate way to express the hydrophobicity of a protein, as a physicochemical property, that can be used in the expression of DF should be investigated.
Adhesion molecule expression in primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cirrhosis. (1995)

There are conflicting reports regarding intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Expression of adhesion molecules ICAM-1, lymphocyte adhesion molecule-1 (LFA-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM), and E-selectin was examined together with HLA-DR in 16 liver biopsy specimens showing PSC and 12 specimens showing PBC. These were compared with biopsy specimens showing large duct obstruction (n = 7), chronic active hepatitis (n = 4), alcoholic liver disease (n = 4), and normal liver histological results (n = 5). ICAM-1 was detected on biliary epithelium in five of seven PSC specimens of histological stage 3 or 4, but not in nine early PSC specimens or in specimens from disease controls. In PBC, ICAM-1 was positive on three of 12 cases, two stage 2, and one stage 3. Nine of 16 PSC specimens (three of nine early, six of seven late disease) and six of 10 PBC specimens (three early, three late disease) were positive for HLA-DR. LFA-1 stained infiltrating inflammatory cells in PSC, PBC, and disease controls. In conclusion, ICAM-1 expression on biliary epithelium in PSC occurs mainly in late stage disease and therefore may be secondary to previous events inducing inflammation rather than of primary pathogenic importance. ICAM-1 expression in PBC is less common and not clearly associated with a particular disorder. Previous reports of ICAM-1 prevalence may have been biased towards end stage, pre-transplantation biopsy specimens.
Theory and practice of cushion design (1968)

This monograph is a critical review of current art in selecting, designing, analyzing, and using cushions. It is concerned with materials which will deform significantly under applied forces. The function of the cushion is to mitigate the effects of shock or vibration on an object. The main thrust of this monograph will be directed at materials rather than devices. The basic objective of this monograph is to bring all persons concerned with cushions - theoretician, materials engineer, designer, specification writer, producer, and user - to the same point of reference. A secondary but important objective is to indicate potentials and to suggest possible new lines of endeavor which might produce fruitful results. (Author)
Study of Subcritical Flow Through Multiple-Orifice Valves (1988)

Summary Increased oil and gas production from offshore areas and hostile environments has led to a greater use of multiple- orifice-valve (MOV) wellhead chokes. Unlike conventional wellhead chokes, MOV's can be adjusted to any given choke area while under pressure, allowing wells in remote locations to be controlled from a central site. Data on the behavior of multiphase flow through MOV chokes have not been available in the past. This study investigated high-pressure (400 to 800 psia [2.8 to 5.5 iMPa]), two-phase air/water flow through a 2-in. [5.1-cm] MOV choke. Single-phase air and water data were obtained to determine the valve-sizing coefficient, Cv. A correlating parameter was determined with two-phase data to predict the subcritical two-phase pressure drop. This parameter was found to be a function of the gas/liquid ratio, upstream pressure, and choke opening. A mathematical model based on experimental observations was developed to predict the subcritical pressure drop across the choke for single-phase liquid flow.
Double‐blind, placebo‐controlled investigation of the effect of combined phototherapy/low intensity laser therapy upon experimental ischaemic pain in humans (1995)

These results do not provide convincing evidence for the hypoalgesic potential of combined monochromatic light/laser irradiation, at least at the parameters used here, and thus indicate the necessity of additional work to investigate this modality further in order to assess the potential benefit, if any, of such treatment in the clinical setting.
Ultrasonic Ventriculostomy Stylet (1995)

I describe my design for a ventriculostomy stylet fitted with a phase array ultrasonic imaging device in its tip. Theoretically, this would allow identification of the ventricles and their exact location at the bedside, without the need for expensive stereotactic equipment. A device such as this could potentially facilitate the placement of ventriculostomy catheters in patients with small ventricles, and it could even contribute to the education of neurosurgery residents. At present, a prototype of the device is being manufactured.
Standard handbook of petroleum & natural gas engineering. (1996)

Preface. RESERVOIR ENGINEERING. Basic Principles, Definitions, and Data. Formation Evaluation. Pressure Transient Testing of Oil and Gas Wells. Mechanisms and Recovery of Hydrocarbons by Natural Means. Material Balance and Volumetric Analysis. Decline-Curve Analysis. Reserve Estimates. Secondary Recovery. Fluid Movement in Waterflooded Reservoirs. Estimating Waterflood Residual Oil Saturation. Enhanced Oil Recovery Methods. References. PRODUCTION ENGINEERING. Properties of Hydrocarbon Mixtures. Flow of Fluids. Natural Flow Performance. Artificial Lift Methods. Stimulation and Remedial Operations. Surface Oil Production Systems. Gas Production Engineering. Corrosion and Scaling. Environmental Considerations. Offshore Operations. References. PETROLEUM ECONOMICS. Estimating Oil and Gas Reserves. Classification of Petroleum Products. Methods for Estimating Reserves. Non-Associated Gas Reservoirs. Production Stimulation. Determining the Value of Future Production. The Market for Petroleum. Economics and the Petroleum Engineer. Preparation of a Cash Flow. Valuation of Oil and Gas Properties. Risk Analysis. References. Appendix: Units and Conversions (SI). Index.
Research of UWB U-slot patch antenna with shorting pin (2010)

Microwave U-slot patch antenna with a shorting pin is suitable for ultra wideband (UWB) communication system. This article introduces the simulation and the experiment of the UWB antenna model which increases its impedance bandwidth and gain bandwidth. The antenna bandwidth is expanded by the diversification designed for the shorting pin and the feed pin. The simulation model and the test result are also presented and the results are found in well agreement. The impedance bandwidth of the antenna is compared with that of reference. The research has made big advancement in expanding antenna bandwidth.
The use of emotions to create believable agents in a virtual environment (2005)

In the past emotions have been dismissed as a distraction to the logical, scientific thought process. More recently however, the importance of emotion in human-like intelligence and behaviour has been identified. This project aims at exploring this aspect of Artificial Intelligence by modeling the ability to display emotions in autonomous software agents within the constraints of a virtual environment. The motivation behind this is to determine whether the behaviour of these agents will cause the human participant to interact with the agent as if interacting with other humans. We have created an Agent-Cocktail Party World for this purpose and an Avatar-Cocktail Party World for the purpose of studying the psychological phenomenon of Ostracism. Our results show that the addition of an emotion-based intelligent component was able to make a statistically significant difference to the experimental condition by creating a more realistic environment in which to simulate the Punitive Ostracism condition.
Statistical Selection of Congruent Subspaces for Mining Attributed Graphs (2013)

Current mining algorithms for attributed graphs exploit dependencies between attribute information and edge structure, referred to as homophily. However, techniques fail if this assumption does not hold for the full attribute space. In multivariate spaces, some attributes have high dependency with the graph structure while others do not show any dependency. Hence, it is important to select congruent subspaces (i.e., subsets of the node attributes) showing dependencies with the graph structure. In this work, we propose a method for the statistical selection of such congruent subspaces. More specifically, we define a measure which assesses the degree of congruence between a set of attributes and the entire graph. We use it as the core of a statistical test, which congruent subspaces must pass. To illustrate its applicability to common graph mining tasks and in order to evaluate our selection scheme, we apply it to community outlier detection. Our selection of congruent subspaces enhances outlier detection by measuring outlier ness scores in selected subspaces only. Experiments on attributed graphs show that our approach outperforms traditional full space approaches and gives way to better outlier detection.
Identification and comparison of stable and unstable mRNAs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1990)

We developed a procedure to measure mRNA decay rates in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and applied it to the determination of half-lives for 20 mRNAs encoded by well-characterized genes. The procedure utilizes Northern (RNA) or dot blotting to quantitate the levels of individual mRNAs after thermal inactivation of RNA polymerase II in an rpb1-1 temperature-sensitive mutant. We compared the results of this procedure with results obtained by two other procedures (approach to steady-state labeling and inhibition of transcription with Thiolutin) and also evaluated whether heat shock alter mRNA decay rates. We found that there are no significant differences in the mRNA decay rates measured in heat-shocked and non-heat-shocked cells and that, for most mRNAs, different procedures yield comparable relative decay rates. Of the 20 mRNAs studied, 11, including those encoded by HIS3, STE2, STE3, and MAT alpha 1, were unstable (t1/2 less than 7 min) and 4, including those encoded by ACT1 and PGK1, were stable (t1/2 greater than 25 min). We have begun to assess the basis and significance of such differences in the decay rates of these two classes of mRNA. Our results indicate that (i) stable and unstable mRNAs do not differ significantly in their poly(A) metabolism; (ii) deadenylation does not destabilize stable mRNAs; (iii) there is no correlation between mRNA decay rate and mRNA size; (iv) the degradation of both stable and unstable mRNAs depends on concomitant translational elongation; and (v) the percentage of rare codons present in most unstable mRNAs is significantly higher than in stable mRNAs.