gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Complex modes of heat shock factor activation. (1990)

Eucaryotic organisms respond to elevated environmental temperatures by rapidly activating the expression of heat shock genes. The transcriptional activation of heat shock genes is mediated by a conserved upstream regulatory sequence, the heat shock element (HSE). Using an HSE-binding assay, we show that a cellular factor present in a range of vertebrate species binds specifically to the HSE. This factor is presumably the transcriptional activator of heat shock genes, heat shock factor (HSF). In vertebrates, the binding of HSF to the HSE was induced when cells were subjected to heat shock at high temperatures, even in the absence of protein synthesis. Under mild heat shock conditions, HSF binding was induced to a lesser extent, but this induction required protein synthesis, suggesting that synthesis of HSF itself, or an activating factor, is necessary for response to heat shock at intermediate temperatures. The inducibility of HSF binding in higher eucaryotes is contrasted with constitutive HSF binding activity in fungi. It appears that despite conservation of the HSE in evolution, the means by which HSF is activated to bind DNA in higher and lower eucaryotes may have diverged.
Polymerization of methyl methacrylate with dimethylbenzylanilinium chloride (1969)

Abstract In order to clarify the mechanism of initiation by dimethylbenzylanilinium chloride (DMBAC), the polymerization of methyl methacrylate with DMBAC has been investigated at 60–80°C. From the results of kinetic and tracer studies, it was found that this polymerization proceeded via a radical mechanism and benzyl radical was not an initiating species. However, it was also noted that DMBAC easily dissociated into dimethylaniline and benzyl chloride under the present conditions, and the overall activation energy for the methyl methacrylate polymerization was 14.6 kcal/mole. These observations indicate that initiating radicals other than benzyl radical, i.e., phenyl or methyl radicals, may be produced through a redox interaction between DMBAC and dimethylaniline dissociated from DMBAC.
Modeling and simulation of pedestrian behaviors in crowded places (2011)

Pedestrian simulation has many applications in computer games, military simulations, and animation systems. A realistic pedestrian simulation requires a realistic pedestrian behavioral model that takes into account the various behavioral aspects of a real pedestrian. In this article, we describe our work on such a model, which aims to generate human-like pedestrian behaviors. To this end, various important factors in a real-pedestrian's decision-making process are considered in our model. These factors include a pedestrian's sensory attention, memory, and navigational behaviors. In particular, a two-level navigation model is proposed to generate realistic navigational behavior. As a result, our pedestrian model is able to generate various realistic behaviors such as overtaking, waiting, side-stepping and lane-forming in a crowded area. The simulated pedestrians are also able to navigate through complex environment, given an abstract map of the environment.
Template Growth of Photoconductive Metal−CdSe−Metal Nanowires (2002)

Metal−CdSe−metal (metal = Au, Ni) nanowires were grown by electrochemical replication of porous aluminum oxide and polycarbonate track etch membranes with pore diameters of 350 and 70 nm, respectively. The lengths of the individual segments of the nanowires were controlled by varying the amount of charge that was passed. The composition of the CdSe segments was characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. A 1:1 ratio could be obtained, and Cd- and Se-rich stoichiometries were also made by adjusting the concentrations of Cd2+ and SeO2 in the aqueous plating solutions. X-ray powder diffraction showed the presence of both zinc blende and wurzite phases, and grain sizes on the order of 10 nm were observed by TEM. The nanowires were resistive in the dark but showed pronounced visible light photoconductivity.
MR Contrast Agent at High-Field MRI (3 Tesla) (2003)

Tumor-to-brain contrast after gadolinium administration using MP-RAGE and T1-SE scans in patients with primary and secondary brain tumors was significantly higher at 3 T than at 1.5 T. The subjective assessment of cumulative triple-dose 3 Tesla images obtained the best results in the detection of brain metastases compared with other sequences followed by 1.5 T cumulative triple-dose enhanced images. In macroadenomas of the hypophysis, contrast-enhanced 3 T MRI was superior to standard MRI in the diagnosis of cavernous sinus infiltration and in visualization of cranial nerves within the cavernous sinus. Due to higher spatial resolution, contrast-enhanced MR venography at 3 T showed more details in and around tumors than at 1.5 T, additionally enhanced by stronger susceptibility weighting and higher signal-to-noise ratio at 3 T. In summary, administration of gadolinium-based contrast agent produces higher contrast between tumor and normal brain at 3 T than at 1.5 T, helps to detect more cerebral metastases at 3 T versus 1.5 T in single and cumulative triple dose, improves the evaluation of macroadenomas of the hypophysis, and makes MR venography at 3 T clinically attractive with increase in spatial resolution within the same measurement time, thus providing more detailed information.
Rapid Alleviation of Parkinson’s Disease Symptoms via Electrostimulation of Intrinsic Auricular Muscle Zones (2017)

<b>Background:</b> Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN-DBS) and the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) significantly improve cardinal motor symptoms and postural instability and gait difficulty, respectively, in Parkinson's disease (PD). <b>Objective and Hypothesis:</b> Intrinsic auricular muscle zones (IAMZs) allow the potential to simultaneously stimulate the C2 spinal nerve, the trigeminal nerve, the facial nerve, and sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves in addition to providing muscle feedback and control areas including the STN, the PPN and mesencephalic locomotor regions. Our aim was to observe the clinical responses to IAMZ stimulation in PD patients. <b>Method:</b> Unilateral stimulation of an IAMZ, which includes muscle fibers for proprioception, the facial nerve, and C2, trigeminal and autonomic nerve fibers, at 130 Hz was performed in a placebo- and sham-controlled, double-blinded, within design, two-armed study of 24 PD patients. <b>Results:</b> The results of the first arm (10 patients) of the present study demonstrated a substantial improvement in Unified Parkinson's Disease Ratings Scale (UPDRS) motor scores due to 10 min of IAMZ electrostimulation (<i>p</i> = 0.0003, power: 0.99) compared to the placebo control (<i>p</i> = 0.130). A moderate to large clinical difference in the improvement in UPDRS motor scores was observed in the IAMZ electrostimulation group. The results of the second arm (14 patients) demonstrated significant improvements with dry needling (<i>p</i> = 0.011) and electrostimulation of the IAMZ (<i>p</i> < 0.001) but not with sham electrostimulation (<i>p</i> = 0.748). In addition, there was a significantly greater improvement in UPDRS motor scores in the IAMZ electrostimulation group compared to the IAMZ dry needling group (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and the sham electrostimulation (<i>p</i> < 0.001) groups. The improvement in UPDRS motor scores of the IAMZ electrostimulation group (ΔUPDRS = 5.29) reached moderate to high clinical significance, which was not the case for the dry needling group (ΔUPDRS = 1.54). In addition, both arms of the study demonstrated bilateral improvements in motor symptoms in response to unilateral IAMZ electrostimulation. <b>Conclusion:</b> The present study is the first demonstration of a potential role of IAMZ electrical stimulation in improving the clinical motor symptoms of PD patients in the short term.
A new DNA extraction method for high‐throughput marker analysis in a large‐genome species such as <i>Triticum aestivum</i> (2001)

Abstract Gene mapping and marker‐assisted selection in complex, polyploid genomes still relies strongly on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, as conversion of RFLP to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) markers can be very difficult. DNA extraction in amounts suitable for RFLP analysis represents the most time‐consuming and labour‐intensive step in molecular marker analysis of plant populations. In this paper, a new flexible method for plant DNA extraction is presented. It allows a high‐throughput of samples in a short time without the need for freezing or lyophilizing the plant material. The method allows the isolation of genomic DNA with a yield of 100 μg for a minimal amount of 200 mg of leaf material. This is sufficient for work with large‐genome plant species such as hexaploid wheat, where 20 μg of genomic DNA are required for a single RFLP analysis.
Evidence-based focused review of the treatment of idiopathic warm immune hemolytic anemia in adults (2011)

Case 1. Robert Davies, a 50-year-old man, presents with tiredness and lethargy. Examination demonstrates pallor and jaundice. Investigations reveal anemia that is consistent with warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA; [Figure 1][1]). He has no evidence of any other autoimmune disease or chronic
Selected Articles and Documents on Comparative Government and Cross-National Research (1966)

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Sunscreens as a Source of Hydrogen Peroxide Production in Coastal Waters (2014)

Sunscreens have been shown to give the most effective protection for human skin from ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Chemicals from sunscreens (i.e., UV filters) accumulate in the sea and have toxic effects on marine organisms. In this report, we demonstrate that photoexcitation of inorganic UV filters (i.e., TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles) under solar radiation produces significant amounts of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a strong oxidizing agent that generates high levels of stress on marine phytoplankton. Our results indicate that the inorganic oxide nanoparticle content in 1 g of commercial sunscreen produces rates of H2O2 in seawater of up to 463 nM/h, directly affecting the growth of phytoplankton. Conservative estimates for a Mediterranean beach reveal that tourism activities during a summer day may release on the order of 4 kg of TiO2 nanoparticles to the water and produce an increment in the concentration of H2O2 of 270 nM/day. Our results, together with the data provided by tourism records in the Mediterranean, point to TiO2 nanoparticles as the major oxidizing agent entering coastal waters, with direct ecological consequences on the ecosystem.
Magnetic Circular Dichroism Study of Directly Fused Porphyrins (2004)

The magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra of doubly and triply linked fused bisporphyrins (2MD and 2MT, M = Ni, Zn, Cu, Pd, and H2) and triply linked higher oligomers (3ZnT and 4ZnT) have been measured, and their Q-bands assigned based on the results of INDO/s calculations. In contrast to the Faraday A term observed for the Q(0,0) band of Ni(II) tetraphenylporphyrin, a single positive Faraday B term was observed for the lowest energy transition of the fused systems. The calculations indicated that the molecular orbitals (MOs) of the directly fused porphyrins consist of linear combinations of the constituent monomeric MOs, and that the effect of lowering the symmetry is always larger on the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) than on the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO). On the basis of Michl's perimeter model, these features can be correlated with the observed positive MCD signs in the near infrared region. A weak absorption band at 600-700 nm for the fused dimers can be assigned to a short-axis polarized Q transition.
<title>Pupillary responses evoked by chromatic stimulus in objective perimetry</title> (1999)

Visual field evaluation is important in the detection, diagnosis and assessment of ophthalmologic and dysfunctions. Kohn and Clyenes were the first to appreciate that the pupil react to changes in the wavelength composition of the stimulus independently of luminance. Also, we have shown that the effective pupillary area changes at varying perimetric angles. Based on these studies a new technique is described to quantify pupillary response during a visual field examination, using a signal-image processing system associated with chromatic LEDs stimuli.
A novel approach for template matching by nonorthogonal image expansion (1993)

A novel approach to template matching using nonorthogonal expansion with template-similar basis functions is described. The results show that this expansion is superior in comparison with the normalized-correlation (matched-filtering) approach. It is proved that the expansion can be efficiently implemented by restoration filtering and that this method yields optimal discriminative signal-to-noise ratio. It is further proved that the nonorthogonal expansion can be performed with an almost unlimited variety of basis functions. Results show that the expansion approach has definite advantages over correlation, especially in conditions of noise and severe occlusion. When recognition is required in audio, radar, or sonar signals, where the principle of occlusion is replaced by superposition, correlation techniques are even more ineffective and the expansion approach yields better results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Microsatellite Instability Detection by Next Generation Sequencing (2014)

NGS data can enable highly accurate detection of MSI, even from limited capture designs. This novel approach offers several advantages over existing PCR-based methods.
Fe—HCl: An Efficient Reagent for Deprotection of Oximes as well as Selective Oxidative Hydrolysis of Nitroalkenes and Nitroalkanes to Ketones. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Quantifying coronary sinus flow and global LV perfusion at 3T (2009)

This work demonstrates that the combination of high field strength (3T), parallel imaging and segmented gradient echo sequences allow for quantification of the CS flow and global perfusion within a breath-hold.
Clinical Pharmacology‐Driven Translational Research to Optimize Bedside Therapeutics of Sotalol Therapy (2019)

Oral sotalol, used in adults for sinus rhythm control, is initiated at 80 mg b.i.d. and titrated to a maximum safe dose. The US Food and Drug Administration recommends monitoring the corrected QT interval (QT<sub>c</sub> ) for at least 3 days, until steady-state exposure of the drug is reached, before patient discharge, which can significantly impact the total cost of treatment. The objectives of this research were to design an accelerated intravenous sotalol loading and maintenance therapy that will reduce the hospital length of stay and to also evaluate the pharmacoeconomic impact in a hospital setting. Pharmacokinetic simulations of sotalol plasma concentrations vs. times profiles were performed to determine the optimal intravenous/oral transition regimen. A cost minimization analysis from the health sector perspective was conducted to assess the cost savings for these proposed accelerated regimens. For a chosen target dose of 120 mg b.i.d., two infusions of 40 mg over 1 hour and 20 mg over 0.5 hour, each followed up by an evaluation of QT<sub>c</sub> , can be administered followed immediately by the target oral maintenance dose of 120 mg at the end of the second infusion. Consequently, steady-state exposure and, therefore, steady-state QT<sub>c</sub> are obtained on the first day of therapy, facilitating an earlier hospital discharge. Two and 1-day mean total cost of -$3,123 (95% confidence interval (CI), -$3,640, -$2,607) -$4,820 (95% CI, -$5,352, -$4,288) were observed for this strategy, respectively. We are proposing an intravenous to oral transition strategy for sotalol that has the potential to significantly reduce cost and increase patient convenience.
Verifying the authenticity of chip designs with the DesignTag system (2008)

This paper introduces DesignTag - a novel, patented, dasiasecurity tagpsila technology which can be used to verify the authenticity of semiconductor devices. The tag takes the form of a small digital circuit which is added to the chip design and communicates through the package with an external sensor. Falsely marked dasiaghostpsila chips are present in the supply chain and cause economic damage to reputable semiconductor companies. They can also constitute a safety hazard in critical applications and act as a vector for inserting malicious dasiaTrojanpsila functionality into a secure system such as banking or government communications. DesignTag can also be used to address related threats such as copying of chip designs and Intellectual Property cores and unlicensed use of CAD tools.
Sulfur trioxide permeation tube for calibration of sulfuric acid measurement methods (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSulfur trioxide permeation tube for calibration of sulfuric acid measurement methodsRussell N. Dietz and Robert F. WieserCite this: Anal. Chem. 1979, 51, 14, 2388–2391Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50050a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50050a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views94Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
X-ray Diffraction Analysis of Isolated Skin Lipids:  Reconstitution of Intercellular Lipid Domains (1996)

Low- and wide-angle X-ray diffraction were used to determine the structural organization of lipids isolated from the stratum corneum extracellular matrix that forms the major water permeability barrier in mammalian epidermis. Hydrated pig skin ceramides gave a single low-angle reflection of about 62 angstroms and a wide-angle-reflection at 4.15 angstroms. The addition of either cholesterol or fatty acid, the other major lipid components of the skin stratum corneum extracellular matrix, modified this diffraction pattern, depending on the lipid mole ratios. In the absence of water, lipid mixtures exhibited lipid phase separation, as shown by low- and wide-angle reflections typical of a separate cholesterol phase. However, a hydrated 2:1:1 mole ratio of ceramide:cholesterol:palmitic acid (similar to that found in stratum corneum) produced a diffraction pattern with a single sharp wide-angle reflection at 4.10 angstroms and low-angle reflections which indexed as the first eight orders of a single repeat period of 130 angstroms. The repeat period and intensity distribution of the low-angle data were similar to those found in intact stratum corneum [White et al. (1988) Biochemistry 27, 3725-3732; Bouwstra et al. (1994) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1212, 183-192]. Higher concentrations of cholesterol or palmitic acid resulted in lipid phase separations. The 130 angstrom repeat period decreased only about 3 angstroms as water was removed by incubation in low-relative humidity atmospheres. The 130 angstrom repeat period depended on the presence of a particular ceramide, N-(omega-acyloxy)-acylsphingosine, which is found only in the epidermis. In contrast, 2:1:1 mixtures of brain ceramide:cholesterol:palmitic acid gave reflections of 56 and 34 angstroms. These results indicate that a structure with dimensions similar to those of the lamellar repeating unit found in skin stratum corneum does not depend on the presence of protein but does depend on the presence of specific skin ceramides and appropriate concentrations of cholesterol and fatty acid.
Pathogenesis of Multiple Squamous Cell Carcinomas in the Oral Cavity: Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of 31 patients (2003)

Carcinomas of the oral cavity sometimes arise as multiple, independent lesions and this observation has led to the concept of field cancerization. Howerever, the mechanism of multiple occurrences of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is still unknown. Thirty-one cases of synchronous and/or metachronous multiple OSCCs were selected from biopsy and operation materials of the Dental Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University. Histopathogenetic study and investigation were carried out. The clonality of the tumor tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemistry for Ki-67, Bcl-2, p53, cyclinB1 and cyclinD1. Histologic observation showed two patterns of occurrence of OSCC: de novo type and premalignancy-associated type. Twenty-one patients with multiple OSCCs were classified into 3 groups. Group I was de novo type, Group II was mixed type and Group III was premalignacy-associated type. Seventeen of 21 patients (80.9%) revealed p53-positivity in the epithelium apart from the tumor. Fifty-two of 69 tumors (75.4%) showed a different expression rate between Cyclin B1 and Cyclin D1. This data suggests that those patients are at high risk of developing second primary tumors. It also suggests the possibility of polyclonal development of the multiple OSCCs.
Plasminogen, Alpha<sub>2</sub>-Antiplasmin, and Protein C Decline Following Infusions of Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator (1990)

We examined a variety of hemostatic functions in a subset of patients participating in a multicenter trial of rt-PA in the treatment of DVT. There were declines in systemic levels of plasminogen and alpha 2-antiplasmin at 24 hours following therapy. Additionally, levels of protein C antigen and protein C activity were also seen to decrease over the same time course. We propose that therapy with rt-PA has more systemic effects than previously thought and suggest that the effect on protein C may have some role in reocclusion following thrombolysis.
Tuneability of amplified spontaneous emission through control of the waveguide-mode structure in conjugated polymer films (2000)

We show that the position of the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) in poly[${2\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{h}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{y}\ensuremath{-}5(2}^{\ensuremath{'}}$-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV) can be controlled by the effect of the film thickness on waveguide modes. We demonstrate that the ASE can be tuned over 31 nm corresponding to a gain bandwidth of 25 THz. By modeling the waveguide modes we find that the ASE position for films thinner than 76 nm is determined by the cutoff wavelength for the waveguide and is shifted to shorter wavelengths with decreasing film thickness. We also demonstrate a simple method for measuring the cutoff wavelength and show that this correlates well with calculated values.