gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reaction of Diphenylcyclopropenethione with Pyridinium Imines (1972)

Reaction of diphenylcyclopropenethione with a variety of N-substituted pyridinium imines in refluxing benzene gives 2,4,5-trisubstituted-6H-1,3-oxazin-6-thiones in good to excellent yields. The structure of 2,4,5-triphenyl-6H-1,3-oxazin-6-thione prepared in this manner was proven by oxidation and by hydrolysis to the known 2,4,5-triphenyl-6H-1,3-oxazin-6-one. In the preparation of 4,5-diphenyl-2-ethoxy-6H-1,3-oxazin-6-thione changing the heteroaromatic residue in the imine from pyridine to 3-picoline to 3,5-lutidine had little effect on the yield (about 60%).
AN EXPEDIENT TO SOLID PHASE EDMAN DEGRADATION. (1976)

The synthesis of p‐isothiocyanatobenzoylhomoserine lactone from DL‐homoserine as well as from L‐methionine is described. The compound constitutes a good tool in the solid phase Edman degradation of tryptic protein fragments terminated by lysine.
The Role of Constant Region Carbohydrate in the Assembly and Secretion of Human IgD and IgA1 (2002)

Immunoglobulins are glycoproteins, containing N- linked carbohydrates in the heavy chain constant regions of all isotypes and O-linked carbohydrates in the hinge regions of human IgA1 and IgD. A previous study showed that IgD synthesized in the presence of tunicamycin and lacking the three N-linked glycans on the heavy chain was not secreted (Shin, S. U., Wei, D. F., Amin, A. R., Thorbecke, G. J., and Morrison, S. L. (1992) Hum. Antibodies 3, 65-74). The contribution of each of the carbohydrates in the Fc of IgD to assembly and secretion was now analyzed by eliminating the carbohydrate addition sequence, Asn-X-Ser/Thr, through site-directed mutagenesis. Only the carbohydrate nearest the sole disulfide bond between heavy chains, which remained high mannose and appeared to be buried within the folded molecule, was found to be essential for secretion. When IgD lacked that glycan, assembly reached only the heavy/light chain half-molecule stage, and heavy chains were held inside the endoplasmic reticulum. Using benzyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-d-galactopyranoside (BADG) to inhibit complete O-linked glycosylation, we found that IgA1 and IgD with incomplete hinge carbohydrates were assembled and secreted from cells. Thus, one N-linked glycan plays a structural role in IgD and is required for proper assembly and secretion, but the O-linked carbohydrates in the hinge of IgD and IgA1 are not required for folding and export.
Distribution Theory as the Basis of Generalized Passive-Network Analysis (1965)

The properties of linear time-invariant passive systems are described in the context of generalized function (distribution) theory. The postulatory description of these systems is phrased in both the scattering or wave formulation, and the impedance or voltage-current basis. One conclusion of this paper is that a specific definition of passivity (attributed to G. Raisbeck) leads to a complete description of the system only when the postulate of causality is separately invoked; i.e., this definition of passivity does not imply causality and it is therefore a more fundamental assumption. Another conclusion is that the two seemingly different sets of postulates (scattering and impedance) are in many instances identical; the differences arise solely in the assumptions made concerning the domains of the two operators. Distribution theory is also used in an essential way to obtain new existence theorems, for both formulations, which are stated entirely on the real-frequency axis <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(p = j\omega)</tex> . The language herein is deliberately that of generalized function theory, so that the class of admissible systems and the inputs to these systems are broadened. In particular, the results -can be applied directly to systems which are described in terms of elementary functions.
Stroma-Free Human Hemoglobin A Decreases R3230Ac Rat Mammary Adenocarcinoma Blood Flow and Oxygen Partial Pressure (1997)

We examined the effect of a nitric oxide (NO) quencher, stroma-free human hemoglobin A (HbA0; 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 g/kg), on the blood flow measured using the Doppler flow technique, tumor oxygen pressure (pO2) and the diameter of the arterioles using R3230Ac mammary adenocarcinoma as the tumor model. In female Fischer 344 rats with 1-cm-diameter tumors implanted in the lateral aspect of the left quadriceps, intravenous infusion of 0.1 and 0.2 g/kg HbA0 decreased both central tumor and peripheral tumor blood flow by 20-30% (P < 0.05). Tumor pO2 decreased 28% with 0.2 g/kg HbA0, from 15 mm Hg (baseline) to 11 mm Hg at 10 min (P = 0.02). Although 0.2 g/kg HbA0 increased blood flow 55% in the left quadriceps muscle proximal to the implanted tumor (P < 0.05), HbA0 had little effect on blood flow in right quadriceps muscle with no tumor implanted, and increased right quadriceps pO2, from 21 mm Hg (baseline) to 23 mm Hg at 10 min (P = 0.03). HbA0 increased mean arterial pressure 5-10% in a manner that was dependent on dose while heart rate concurrently decreased 9-19%. The diameter of the arterioles supplying the tumor was rapidly reduced 10% by 0.2 g/kg HbA0 (P = 0.037) and remained stable through 60 min of observation (P = 0.005). HbA0 selectively reduces tumor blood flow and tumor pO2 through vasoconstriction of the arterioles supplying the tumor. Vascular NO quenching provides an alternative to NO synthase inhibition as a means to achieve the goal of selective tumor hypoxia.
Vascular endothelial growth factor restores delayed tumor progression in tumors depleted of macrophages (2007)

Genetic depletion of macrophages in Polyoma Middle T oncoprotein (PyMT)-induced mammary tumors in mice delayed the angiogenic switch and the progression to malignancy. To determine whether vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) produced by tumor-associated macrophages regulated the onset of the angiogenic switch, a genetic approach was used to restore expression of VEGF-A into tumors at the benign stages. This stimulated formation of a high-density vessel network and in macrophage-depleted mice, was followed by accelerated tumor progression. The expression of VEGF-A led to a massive infiltration into the tumor of leukocytes that were mostly macrophages. This study suggests that macrophage-produced VEGF regulates malignant progression through stimulating tumor angiogenesis, leukocytic infiltration and tumor cell invasion.
Formal models of stepwise refinements of programs (1986)

Of the many ways to express program specifications, three of the most common are: as a pair of assertions, an input assertion and an output assertion; as a function mapping legal inputs to correct outputs; or as a relation containing the input/output pairs that are considered correct. The construction of programs consists of mapping a potentially complex specification into a program by recursively decomposing complex specifications into simpler ones. We show how this decomposition takes place in all three modes of specification and draw some conclusions on the nature of programming.
Albert F. A. King (1841–1914), An Armchair Scientist (1969)

Journal Article Albert F. A. King (1841–1914), An Armchair Scientist Get access STEVEN T. CHARLES STEVEN T. CHARLES Harbor General HospitalTorrance, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Volume XXIV, Issue 1, January 1969, Pages 22–36, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/XXIV.1.22 Published: 01 January 1969
Online Gambling Behavior: The Impacts of Cumulative Outcomes, Recent Outcomes, and Prior Use (2014)

The objective of this work is to examine various psychological forces underlying the behavior of people’s online gambling, an increasingly popular form of entertainment in the gaming industry. Drawing on extant theories, we first developed a model of how cumulative outcomes, recent outcomes, and prior use affect online gambling behavior differently. We empirically tested the model using longitudinal panel data collected over eight months from 22,304 actual users of a gambling website. The results of a multilevel panel data analysis strongly supported our hypotheses. First, consistent with gambling theory, individuals' online gambling was found to increase with any increase in a cumulative net gain or cumulative net loss. Second, as the availability heuristic prescribes, a recent loss reduced online gambling, whereas a recent gain increased it. Third, consistent with the literature on repeated behavior, regular use and extended use moderated the relationship between current and subsequent gambling. Taken together, the present study clarifies how people react differently to immediate and cumulative outcomes and also how regular use and extended use facilitate routine behavior in the context of online gambling. In general, our findings suggest that the three perspectives, i.e., gambling theory, the availability heuristic, and repeated behavior, should be taken into account to understand online gambling, which is in essence a series of risk-taking attempts with the potential of eventually becoming routine behavior. This study is expected to offer valuable insights into other types of online games that could engage people in risking real or cyber money and, at the same time, could be easily enmeshed with everyday life (e.g., fantasy sports, online virtual worlds).
Di-.pi.-methane and oxa-di-.pi.-methane rearrangements (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleDi-.pi.-methane and oxa-di-.pi.-methane rearrangementsStephen S. Hixson, Patrick S. Mariano, and Howard E. ZimmermanCite this: Chem. Rev. 1973, 73, 5, 531–551Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60285a005https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60285a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1992Altmetric-Citations240LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Treatment of hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis with insulin (2015)

Our results are compatible with the literature. Insulin may be used safely and effectively in HT-induced AP therapy. Administration of insulin is efficient when used to reduce triglyceride levels in patients with HT-induced AP.
Detection of β-lactamase-mediated resistance (2001)

beta-Lactams are the most widely used antibiotics, and beta-lactamases are the greatest source of resistance to them. An understanding of beta-lactamase detection and identification is therefore valuable. Colorimetric, acidimetric and iodometric tests of beta-lactamase production are good, rapid indicators of penicillin and ampicillin resistance in Haemophilus, Moraxella and Neisseria spp. These methods can also be applied to Gram-negative aerobic bacilli but are less useful, since the usual question is not whether a beta-lactamase is produced by these organisms, but which beta-lactamase? Accurate identification of the beta-lactamases of Enterobacteriaceae demands gene or protein sequencing, but the broad type of enzyme produced by an isolate can often be inferred from antibiotic susceptibility data. Resistance to ceftazidime or cefpodoxime implies extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp., especially if susceptibility to cefoxitin is retained. ESBL production can be confirmed with double disc tests or with various commercial kits. Derepression of AmpC beta-lactamases in Enterobacter spp. and Citrobacter freundii is another important mechanism and can be inferred from cross-resistance to beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations and to all cephalosporins except fourth-generation agents. Antagonism between cefoxitin and cefotaxime can be used to infer the presence of inducible AmpC enzymes in these species, indicating the risk of segregation of derepressed mutants, but in general this risk is better predicted from accurate speciation.
Asymptotic waveform evaluation for circuits containing floating nodes (2002)

A generalized approach for asymptotic waveform evaluation (AWE) analyses of circuits containing floating nodes is described. Charge conservation is used to resolve the moment values at the floating nodes. The handling and the implications of nonequilibrium initial conditions for paths which contain floating nodes are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Automated Technique for Flow Measurements from Mariotte Reservoirs (1987)

Abstract The mariotte reservoir supplies water at a constant hydraulic pressure by self‐regulation of its internal gas pressure. Automated outflow measurements from mariotte reservoirs are generally difficult because of the reservoir's self‐regulation mechanism. This paper describes an automated flow meter specifically designed for use with mariotte reservoirs. The flow meter monitors changes in the mariotte reservoir's gas pressure during outflow to determine changes in the reservoir's water level. The flow measurement is performed by attaching a pressure transducer to the top of a mariotte reservoir and monitoring gas pressure changes during outflow with a programmable data logger. Using a simple linear relation between reservoir gas pressure and water‐level changes with time, the data logger converts the transducer signal into outflow‐flux values. To demonstrate the usefulness of the new technique, two constant‐head experiments are described that have vastly different flux ranges and time durations. The first experiment was a 1‐h infiltration run in which infiltration rates dropped from 0.6 to 0.2 cm/min. The second experiment was a 3‐week evaporation experiment in which the evaporation rate ranged from 1.0 to 3.0 cm/d. Results indicate that the automated flow measurement technique performed well when compared to a manual sight‐tube technique for flux measurements; the difference between the two methods was never more than 9% for the infiltration experiment and 5% for the evaporation experiment. The advantages of the new technique over previously available automated flow measurement techniques include: (i) the ability to rapidly record a large range of fluxes without restricting outflow, and (ii) the ability to accurately average the pulsing flow, which commonly occurs during outflow from the mariotte reservoir.
Single-class Support Vector Machines (1999)

Suppose you are given some dataset drawn from an underlying probability dis-tributionPand you want to estimate a subsetSof input space such that theprobability that a test point drawn fromPlies outside ofSis bounded by somea priori specified 0< ν≤1.We propose an algorithm to deal with this problem by trying toestimate afunctionfwhich is positive onSand negative on the complement ofS. Thefunctional form offis given by a kernel expansion in terms of a potentially smallsubset of the training data; it is regularized by controlling the length of the weightvector in an associated feature space.We can prove thatνupper bounds the fraction of outliers (training points outsideofS) and lower bounds the fraction of support vectors. Asymptotically, undersome mild condition onP, both become equalities.The algorithm is a natural extension of the support vector algorithm to the case of unlabelled data.
Spontaneous cytosolic calcium oscillations driven by inositol trisphosphate occur during in vitro maturation of mouse oocytes. (1992)

Immature mouse oocytes undergo spontaneous meiotic maturation when released from antral follicles into culture media. The first sign of meiotic resumption is germinal vesicle breakdown (GVB). Cytosolic free Ca2+ was measured in mouse oocytes during spontaneous maturation by monitoring fluorescence of indo-1 or fluo-3. The majority of oocytes showed a series of Ca2+ oscillations that continued for 1-3 h. Repetitive Ca2+ increases occurred every 1-3 min and lasted for 10-60 s. The Ca2+ oscillations appeared to be caused by an increase in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) because once they ceased, similar oscillations were triggered by injection of exogenous InsP3. Also, injection of the InsP3 receptor antagonist heparin (final concentration, 100 micrograms/ml) blocked the spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations. In contrast, Ca2+ oscillations induced by thimerosal were not inhibited by heparin. Treating oocytes with media containing 20 microM BAPTA/AM abolished Ca2+ oscillations in oocytes but did not affect the rate of GVB. The data show that cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations apparently caused by polyphosphoinositide turnover occur during mammalian oocyte maturation. However, the spontaneous oscillations do not appear to trigger GVB. Also, the data indicate that there are two separate Ca2+ release mechanisms in mouse oocytes, one sensitive to InsP3, the other to thimerosal.
Multilayer ITO coatings with high transparency and low sheet resistance (2001)

Meeting application requirements for both high transparency and low sheet resistance of transparent conducting oxides on flexible plastic substrates (PET) is especially challenging. However, a multilayer film approach with two ITO layers, achieved 91% peak and 88% luminous transmittance and 21.6 ohms/square.
A Novel and Efficient Model of Coronary Artery Ligation and Myocardial Infarction in the Mouse (2010)

this new rapid method of MI in mice represents a more efficient and less damaging model of myocardial ischemic injury compared with the classic method.
A New Prosomatostatin-Derived Peptide Reveals a Pattern for Prohormone Cleavage at Monobasic Sites (1987)

Cleavage of the peptide bonds of preprosomatostatin at basic residues near the carboxyl terminus yields somatostatin-14, somatostatin-28, and somatostatin-28 (1-12). However, little is known about the molecular forms derived from the amino terminal portion of the precursor, even though this part of the prohormone is highly conserved through evolution. By using an antibody against the amino terminus of prosomatostatin, a decapeptide with the structure Ala-Pro-Ser-Asp-Pro-Arg-Leu-Arg-Gln-Phe, corresponding to preprosomatostatin (25-34), was isolated from the endocrine portion of the rat stomach, the gastric antrum. The antral decapeptide may represent a bioactive product generated from prosomatostatin after a monobasic cleavage similar to that involved in the formation of somatostatin-28. In fact, a monobasic cleavage requires two basic residues and a domain containing nonpolar amino acids such as alanine or leucine, or both.
Direct determination of main fibre Bragg grating parameters using OLCR (1994)

Optical low coherence reflectometry (OLCR) is applied to the characterisation of homogeneous Bragg gratings written in single-mode optical fibres with a UV laser. This technique allows for the measurement of the spatial distribution of the field reflection coefficient within the fibre with a spatial resolution of 9 µm in the fibre material. A grating with a high spatial definition has been measured and its length precisely determined. The amplitude of the index modulation was then obtained by the absolute signal level just after the entrance of the grating on the calibrated OLCR spectrum. Thus, this method gives a direct information of the main fibre Bragg grating parameters, the length and the index modulation.
Secure scalable streaming enabling transcoding without decryption (2002)

We present a method of secure scalable streaming (SSS) that enables low-complexity and high-quality transcoding to be performed at intermediate, possibly untrusted, network nodes without compromising the end-to-end security of the system. SSS encodes video into secure scalable packets using jointly designed scalable coding and progressive encryption techniques. This combination allows downstream transcoders to perform transcoding operations such as bitrate reduction and spatial downsampling by simply truncating or discarding packets, and without decrypting the data. Secure scalable packets have unencrypted headers that can provide hints such as optimal truncation points to downstream transcoders. Using these hints, downstream transcoders can perform RD-optimal transcoding for fine-grain bitrate reduction. The SSS transcoding operation has low complexity and is stateless, so SSS transcoders can support many simultaneous transcoding sessions. SSS works with existing scalable image and video compression standards and systems including Motion JPEG-2000, 3D subband coding, and MPEG-4 FGS.
Theoretical investigation of small lathanum carbide clusters (1997)

LaC2+, LaC22+, LaC3 and LaC3- clusters have been studied using B3LYP density functional method. Four isomers with C-2v, C-s, C-infinity v and D-infinity h symmetry were presented for LaC2+ and LaC22+. Meanwhile, two spin states, namely, singlet and triplet for LaC2+, doublet and quartet for LaC22+ were considered The results indicated that ring isomers with C-2v and C-s symmetry are the most stable for La-C2(+) at both spin states and for LaC22+ at quartet state. Whereas for LaC22+ at doublet state, linear isomer with C-infinity v symmetry is energetically favored, For LaC3 and LaC3- clusters,, three isomers have been presented for each cluster, that is, two ring isomers with C-2v symmetry ( in one of them, La forms two single bonds with two carbons, and in another, La forms a double bond with carbon), and one linear isomer with C-infinity v symmetry. The results revealed that the ring isomer in which La forms two single bonds with carbons is the lowest in energy.
Theory of Drying (1990)

This review examines the stages of drying, with the emphasis on the constant rate period (CRP), when the pores are full of liquid. It is during the CRP that most of the shrinkage occurs and the drying stresses rise to a maximum. We examine the forces that produce shrinkage and the mechanisms responsible for transport of liquid. By analyzing the interplay of fluid flow and shrinkage of the solid network, it is possible to calculate the pressure distribution in the liquid in the pores. The tension in the liquid is found to be greatest near the drying surface, resulting in greater compressive stresses on the network in that region. This produces differential shrinkage of the solid, which is the cause of cracking during drying. The probability of fracture is related to the size of the body, the rate of evaporation, and the strength of the network. A variety of strategies for avoiding fracture during drying are discussed.
Estimation of frequency offset in mobile satellite modems (1993)

In mobilesat applications, frequency offset on the received signal must be estimated and removed prior to further modem processing. A straightforward method of estimating the carrier frequency offset is to raise the received MPSK signal to the M-th power, and then estimate the location of the peak spectral component. An analysis of the lower signal to noise threshold of this method is carried out for BPSK signals. Predicted thresholds are compared to simulation results. It is shown how the method can be extended to pi/M MPSK signals. A real-time implementation of frequency offset estimation for the Australian mobile satellite system is described.