gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geometries and Energies of S$_N$2 Transition States$^\dag$ (1986)

MNDO calculations were carried out to determine reactant complexes and transition states of the reactions of where X = F, Cl, CN and Y = CN, OH, F, Cl. The leaving group ability was found to vary inversely with the activation barrier, which in turn was mainly ascribable to the deformation energies accompanied with bond stretching of C-X bond and inversion of group. The nucleophilicity was shown to be in the order $Cl^->F^->OH^->CN^-$ but the effect on the activation barrier was relatively small compared with that of the leaving group. The bond breaking and bond formation indices and energy decomposition analysis showed that the TS for the reaction of Cl occurs in the early stage of the reaction coordinate relative to that of F. It has been shown that the potential energy surface (PES) diagrams approach can only accommodate thermodynamic effects but fails to correlate intrinsic kinetic effects on the TS structure.
Autonomous maneuvers of a robotic tractor for farming (2016)

This paper address the problem of motion control of an agricultural robot during the whole process of farming work; including maneuvers to follow straight crop rows inside the field, and operations of lane change at the headland. The navigation sensors consisted of an inertial measurement unit and a real-time kinematic GPS. The control algorithm was able to identify the bias of the yaw angle and compensate lateral deviation caused by inclination of the robotic tractor, in order to guide the robot accurately in the field. A circle-back turning algorithm based on continuous primitives connected together was used at the headland to create reference paths. In addition, steering maneuvers for lane change were performed while the robot tractor is moving in order to protect the surface of the soil at the headland. To follow the path accurately, the slide movement of the tractor and the steering rate were taken into account by estimating the turning radius on real-time. Therefore, guidance paths could be optimized based on the specific condition of the field. Finally, the performance of proposed autonomous maneuvers was evaluated in field experiments.
2. DESARROLLO Y ANÁLISIS TÉRMICO DE LA APLICACIÓN DE TECHUMBRE VERDE A NIVEL LABORATORIO (2018)

En el presente trabajo se desarrollo un estudio de la implementacion de una tecnologia verde en climas calidos subhumedos y mediante el uso de una camara de climatizacion y un prototipo de vivienda de interes social a escala 1:10. Se desarrollo la construccion con materiales de la region de un modelo a escala y mediante la constante de transferencia se variaron las condiciones climatologicas dentro de la camara de climatizacion en las condiciones favorables y no favorables para la ciudad de Chetumal, Quintana Roo. Se calcularon mediante las aportaciones al sistema por medio de la transferencia de calor por conduccion, conveccion y radiacion las temperaturas de incidencia y la aportacion de la reduccion de la carga termica dentro de la vivienda con la aplicacion de techumbres verdes y sin la aplicacion de ella. Los resultados que se obtuvieron mediante la simulacion de las azoteas verdes mostraron una disminucion en la temperatura al interior de la casa evaluada, ello en comparacion con la azotea comun de concreto. Al obtenerse menores ganancias de calor a traves de la cubierta, se presenta en consecuencia un menor gasto energetico por concepto de disminucion en el uso de aire acondicionado.
GlyphGAN: Style-Consistent Font Generation Based on Generative Adversarial Networks (2019)

In this paper, we propose GlyphGAN: style-consistent font generation based on generative adversarial networks (GANs). GANs are a framework for learning a generative model using a system of two neural networks competing with each other. One network generates synthetic images from random input vectors, and the other discriminates between synthetic and real images. The motivation of this study is to create new fonts using the GAN framework while maintaining style consistency over all characters. In GlyphGAN, the input vector for the generator network consists of two vectors: character class vector and style vector. The former is a one-hot vector and is associated with the character class of each sample image during training. The latter is a uniform random vector without supervised information. In this way, GlyphGAN can generate an infinite variety of fonts with the character and style independently controlled. Experimental results showed that fonts generated by GlyphGAN have style consistency and diversity different from the training images without losing their legibility.
The peptidic self model: a hypothesis on the molecular nature of the immunological self. (1986)

We propose that peptide presentation by class I and class II antigens of the major histocompatibility complex is a general phenomenon. Peptides derived from the breakdown of most or all cellular proteins and able to associate with class I or class II antigens would be continuously presented at the surface of cells. The set of peptides exposed at the surface of somatic cells, called in short the "somatic self", would be under permanent immune surveillance. A protein would be recognized as "foreign" primarily because at least one of its presented peptides does not belong to the somatic self. We speculate that the same peptide presentation process operates within cells of the immune system, and we discuss some of the possible implications. Since this "peptidic self" model imposes strong constraints on primary structures, we have undertaken a preliminary analysis of several peptides with known immunological properties. We show that they all contain patterns of amino acids not found in the protein sequence data banks available at present for the relevant organisms, in agreement with the starting hypothesis.
Cloning and sequencing of the <i>Candida albicans</i> C‐4 sterol methyl oxidase gene (<i>ERG25</i>) and expression of an <i>ERG25</i> conditional lethal mutation in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2000)

The ERG25 gene encoding the Candida albicans C-4 sterol methyl oxidase was cloned and sequenced by complementing a Saccharomyces cerevisiae erg25 mutant with a C. albicans genomic library. The Erg25p is comprised of 308 amino acids and shows 65 and 38% homology to the enzymes from S. cerevisiae and Homo sapiens, respectively. The protein contains three histidine clusters common to nonheme iron-binding enzymes and an endoplasmic reticulum retrieval signal as do the proteins from S. cerevisiae and humans. A temperature-sensitive (ts) conditional lethal mutation of the C. albicans ERG25 was isolated and expressed in S. cerevisiae. Sequence analysis of the ts mutant indicated an amino acid substitution within the region of the protein encompassed by the histidine clusters involved in iron binding. Results indicate that plasmid-borne conditional lethal mutants of target genes have potential use in the rescue of Candida mutations in genes that are essential for viability.
A complementary high current gain transistor for use in a CMOS compatible technology (2002)

The authors present a BJT (bipolar junction transistor) which is fabricated using a bulk CMOS technology. The device is essentially a MOSFET in which the gate and the well are internally connected to form the base of a lateral BJT. Complementary NPN and PNP BJTs with a current gain higher than 1000 are presented. Because of the moderate cutoff frequency (i.e., f/sub T/<5 GHz), the proposed BJT will mainly be used in BiCMOS processes for medium-speed, mostly CMOS, analog/digital applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Program Invariants as Fixed Points (Preliminary Reports) (1977)

Addictions are, to a considerable extent, born of disadvantage and deprivation. That is not the whole story; there are other factors in place, some of which are in individuals as individuals. In terms of the social determinants of ill-health, addiction and poverty are highly correlated. There is also a literature that investigates whether additionally inequality is bad for our health. The hypothesis put forward in this paper is that in a caring society being poor is not good for health but it is not so bad as being poor in an uncaring society. Societies that claim to be based on social solidarity, as do the Scandinavians, tend to be highly taxed with consequent large public sectors. In Australia, taxation is very low relative to most OECD countries. The idea of tax for redistributive purposes is not seen as politically palatable to the Australian electorate. There is a need to rethink the public health response to addictions. Epidemiology and biostatistics dominate too much. Public health needs to accept the depth and width of the challenge that a concern for and acceptance of the role of social capital offer. The paper discusses this in the context of community autonomy and public compassion and the need for societies to 'own' addictions and addiction policy in public discourse. More compassion will not 'solve' problems of inequalities and addictions. The point is rather that it is a good place to start.
A new approach for automatic generation of tests for next generation network communication services (2011)

The provisioning of value-added services in next generation networks (NGN) is a very difficult and error-prone task. Various service architectures combined with the complexity of the protocols for NGN networks poses a vast number of possibilities for mistakes during the development of new services. Therefore it is important to test services before they are deployed in a life system. For this reason, this paper proposes a Test Creation Environment (TCE), which will allow to automatically generate various test cases in the TTCN-3 (Testing and Test Control Notation Version 3) [3][4] testing language on a base of a Service Behaviour Model. Automatic provisioning is linked with a test execution framework to ensure only test certified services are deployed on the network of the service provider.
Evaluation of the Project P.A.T.H.S. Based on Students’ Weekly Diaries: Findings from Eight Datasets (2012)

This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of the Tier 1 Program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. (positive adolescent training through holistic social programmes) based on eight datasets collected between 2005 and 2009. A total of 1,138 students who participated in the program were randomly invited (from the whole grade or in some classes) to write a piece of journal in the form of a weekly diary in order to reveal their perceptions and feelings regarding the program and the perceived benefits of the program. Based on an integration of findings from different databases, results showed that the respondents generally (1) had positive views on the program, (2) had positive views on the instructors, and (3) perceived that they had acquired competencies at the societal, school, familial, interpersonal, and personal levels after joining the program. Acknowledging the limitations of diaries, the present qualitative findings provide support for the effectiveness of the Tier 1 Program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong.
A polynomial-time algorithm for power constrained testing of core based systems (2003)

We address the problem of scheduling test sessions for core based systems-on-chip (SOC). We assume the built-in self-test methodology for testing individual cores and permit sharing of test resources (pattern generators and signature registers) among cores. Our objective is to minimize the test application time and the test area overhead, treating the total power dissipation as a constraint. A vast solution space exists for the problem of test scheduling. At one end of the spectrum is an entirely sequential test schedule which will consume the least test power, and at the other end of the spectrum is a fully concurrent test schedule which will consume the largest test power. Each of these solutions will differ in terms of the test area overhead and the test application time. We show a polynomial-time algorithm for finding an optimum power-constrained schedule which minimizes the test time. In our formulation, we implicitly address the problem of minimizing the test area overhead by introducing the notion of area penalty for merging the test sessions for two different cores. We argue that the merger of two test sessions for two different cores must address such issues as similarity of the cores being tested as well as layout-related issues. We capture these area penalties in the form of a desirability matrix which is the essential data structure for our scheduling algorithm. We report the results of our implementation of the scheduling algorithm on two circuits.
Fixed Versus Adaptive Admission Control in Direct Broadcast Satellite Networks With Return Channel Systems (2004)

In this paper, as part of the adaptive resource allocation and management (ARAM) system (Alagoz, 2001), we propose an adaptive admission control strategy, which is aimed at combating link congestion and compromised channel conditions inherent in multimedia satellite networks. We present the performance comparisons of a traditional (fixed) admission control strategy versus the new adaptive admission control strategy for a direct broadcast satellite (DBS) network with return channel system (DBS-RCS). Performance comparisons are done using the ARAM simulator. The traffic mix in the simulator includes both available bit rate (ABR) traffic and variable bit rate (VBR) traffic. The dynamic channel conditions in the simulator reflect time variant error rates due to external effects such as rain. In order to maximize the resource utilization, both for fixed and adaptive approaches, assignment of the VBR services are determined based on the estimated statistical multiplexing and other system attributes, namely, video source, data transmission, and channel coding rates. In this paper, we focus on the admission control algorithms and assess their impact on quality-of-service (QoS) and forward link utilization of DBS-RCS. We show that the proposed adaptive admission control strategy is profoundly superior to the traditional admission control strategy with only a marginal decrease in QoS. Since the ARAM system has several parameters and strategies that play key roles in terms of the performance measures, their sensitivity analysis are also studied to verify the above foundations.
Recombinant BCG Expressing HTI Prime and Recombinant ChAdOx1 Boost Is Safe and Elicits HIV-1-Specific T-Cell Responses in BALB/c Mice (2019)

Despite the availability of anti-retroviral therapy, HIV-1 infection remains a massive burden on healthcare systems. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis, confers protection against meningitis and miliary tuberculosis in infants. Recombinant BCG has been used as a vaccine vehicle to express both HIV-1 and Simian Immunodeficiemcy Virus (SIV) immunogens. In this study, we constructed an integrative <i>E. coli</i>-mycobacterial shuttle plasmid, p2auxo.HTI.int, expressing the HIVACAT T-cell immunogen (HTI). The plasmid was transformed into a lysine auxotrophic <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> BCG strain (BCG<i>ΔLys</i>) to generate the vaccine BCG.HTI<sup>2auxo.int</sup>. The DNA sequence coding for the HTI immunogen and HTI protein expression were confirmed, and working vaccine stocks were genetically and phenotypically characterized. We demonstrated that the vaccine was stable in vitro for 35 bacterial generations, and that when delivered in combination with chimpanzee adenovirus (ChAd)Ox1.HTI in adult BALB/c mice, it was well tolerated and induced HIV-1-specific T-cell responses. Specifically, priming with BCG.HTI<sup>2auxo.int</sup> doubled the magnitude of the T-cell response in comparison with ChAdOx1.HTI alone while maintaining its breadth. The use of integrative expression vectors and novel HIV-1 immunogens can aid in improving mycobacterial vaccine stability as well as specific immunogenicity. This vaccine candidate may be a useful tool in the development of an effective vaccine platform for priming protective responses against HIV-1/TB and other prevalent pediatric pathogens.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Homoleptic α-Metalated <i>N,N</i>-Dimethylbenzylamine Rare-Earth-Metal Complexes (2011)

A series of new homoleptic rare-earth-metal complexes was synthesized using salt metathesis reactions between LnCl3 and α-K(DMBA) (Ln = La (1), Ce (2), Pr (3), Nd (4), Sm (5), Gd (6), Y (7); DMBA = N,N-dimethylbenzylamine). All seven complexes were found to be free of coordinating solvent, and no formation of any “-ate” species was observed. The ligands in complexes 1–7 displayed η4 coordination to the metal center. Subsequently, the reactivity of 1 and 7 was investigated via various protonolysis reactions using silylamines, anilines, and phenols to generate a diverse array of other homoleptic lanthanide complexes.
Semiconductor–Insulator–Semiconductor Diode Consisting of Monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub>, h-BN, and GaN Heterostructure (2015)

We propose a semiconductor-insulator-semiconductor (SIS) heterojunction diode consisting of monolayer (1-L) MoS2, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), and epitaxial p-GaN that can be applied to high-performance nanoscale optoelectronics. The layered materials of 1-L MoS2 and h-BN, grown by chemical vapor deposition, were vertically stacked by a wet-transfer method on a p-GaN layer. The final structure was verified by confocal photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy. Current-voltage (I-V) measurements were conducted to compare the device performance with that of a more classical p-n structure. In both structures (the p-n and SIS heterojunction diode), clear current-rectifying characteristics were observed. In particular, a current and threshold voltage were obtained for the SIS structure that was higher compared to that of the p-n structure. This indicated that tunneling is the predominant carrier transport mechanism. In addition, the photoresponse of the SIS structure induced by the illumination of visible light was observed by photocurrent measurements.
Adaptation is not required to explain the long-term response of axons to molecular gradients (2005)

It has been suggested that growth cones navigating through the developing nervous system might display adaptation, so that their response to gradient signals is conserved over wide variations in ligand concentration. Recently however, a new chemotaxis assay that allows the effect of gradient parameters on axonal trajectories to be finely varied has revealed a decline in gradient sensitivity on either side of an optimal concentration. We show that this behavior can be quantitatively reproduced with a computational model of axonal chemotaxis that does not employ explicit adaptation. Two crucial components of this model required to reproduce the observed sensitivity are spatial and temporal averaging. These can be interpreted as corresponding, respectively, to the spatial spread of signaling effects downstream from receptor binding, and to the finite time over which these signaling effects decay. For spatial averaging, the model predicts that an effective range of roughly one-third of the extent of the growth cone is optimal for detecting small gradient signals. For temporal decay, a timescale of about 3 minutes is required for the model to reproduce the experimentally observed sensitivity.
Chromosomal Mutagenesis (2008)

The knowledge about the complete genome sequences of mouse, human, and other organisms is only the first step toward the functional annotation of all genes. It facilitates the recognition of sequence conservation, which helps to distinguish between important and not important and also coding from noncoding sequence. Nevertheless, approximately only 50% of all mouse genes have been entirely annotated to date. In the postgenomic era, large-scale projects have been initiated to describe also the expression (Emap, Eurexpress) and the function (International Gene Trap Consortium, Eucomm, Norcomm, Komp) of all mouse genes. By building up on these resources, the average amount of time starting from a gene-coding sequence to finally studying its function in a living organism or embryo, has shortened significantly within the last decade. Several recent developments, namely, in bioinformatics and gene synthesis but also in targeted and random mutagenesis have contributed to the current status. This chapter will highlight the milestones that have been undertaken in order to saturate the mouse genome with gene trap mutations. We have no intention to cover the entire field but will instead focus on most recent vectors and protocols, which have turned out to be most useful in order to promote the technology. Therefore, we apologize upfront to the many studies that could not be mentioned here solely owing to space limitations but which nevertheless made significant contributions to our current understanding. This chapter will finally provide guidance on possible uses of conditional gene trap alleles as well as detailed protocols for the application of this recent technology.
Antileishmanial Lead Structures from Nature: Analysis of Structure-Activity Relationships of a Compound Library Derived from Caffeic Acid Bornyl Ester (2014)

Bioassay-guided fractionation of a chloroform extract of Valeriana wallichii (V. wallichii) rhizomes lead to the isolation and identification of caffeic acid bornyl ester (1) as the active component against Leishmania major (L. major) promastigotes (IC50 = 48.8 µM). To investigate the structure-activity relationship (SAR), a library of compounds based on 1 was synthesized and tested in vitro against L. major and L. donovani promastigotes, and L. major amastigotes. Cytotoxicity was determined using a murine J774.1 cell line and bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM). Some compounds showed antileishmanial activity in the concentration range of pentamidine and miltefosine which are the standard drugs in use. In the L. major amastigote assay compounds 15, 19 and 20 showed good activity with relatively low cytotoxicity against BMDM, resulting in acceptable selectivity indices. Molecules with adjacent phenolic hydroxyl groups exhibited elevated cytotoxicity against murine cell lines J774.1 and BMDM. The Michael system seems not to be essential for antileishmanial activity. Based on the results compound 27 can be regarded as new lead structure for further structure optimization.
Special Oil-Immersion Objectives for Dark-Field Microscopy (1921)

ing the Recent fauna, and overlies the deposit in which Pleistocene vertebrates are found.I n excavating the older bed dense accumulations of mammalian remains were encountered.This deposit is in general comparable to these occurring a t Rancho La Brea.The exhumed material was, however, not so well preserved as that from the asphalt bed near Los Angeles.This seems due, in a measure, to a prevailing earthy matrix showing somewhat ,less impregnation by petroleum than in the Rancho L a Brea beds.A small collection of b ~r d remains from
A Self-Correcting, Phase-Locked Tracking Method for Pulsed Ultrasound (1979)

A tracking system for pulsed ultrasound was developed with the specific aim of overcoming some of the limitations inherent in both amplitude-discrimination and phase-locked tracking techniques. The tracking accuracy in amplitude-discrimination systems is tied to the amplitude stability of the first cycle of the ultrasonic wavefront. Phase-locked systems cannot distinguish the leading edge of the ultrasonic wavefront and once unlocked are unable to realign the tracking gate with the same cycle of the ultrasonic tone burst. The tracking system described offers automatic alignment with the leading edge of a pulsed ultrasonic signal, yet can ignore fluctuations in amplitude so long as any one cycle of the received ultrasonic tone burst remains above ambient noise levels. A prototype myocardial dimensioning system which employs this tracking method has been built and is in use at the Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of California at San Francisco.