gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visual event detection using orientation histograms with feature point trajectory information (2009)

Visual event detection in video streams allows easier access to, and better organization of large media collections. This paper presents an event detection framework with a novel feature that incorporates flow, appearance and trajectory information jointly. While previous event detection methods have been designed for understanding human behaviours where the camera is either static or with minimal motion, a more general approach is needed as real-life events are always subjected to fast camera motion and involve non-human dynamic objects. Inspired by the success of dense and overlapping orientation histograms in human detection, we build an event descriptor using orientation histograms augmented with feature point trajectory information. We put our system to test on tennis videos which have significant camera motion and multiple dynamic objects, and achieved good classification performance under a comparable setting.
Properties of a heparin‐poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel coating (1983)

Some physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of a heparin-PVA hydrogel potentially useful as a thromboresistant coating for the preparation of small-diameter vascular prostheses and blood-sampling catheters have been determined. The molecular weight between crosslinks in the acetal crosslinked gel was approximately 8000, permitting proteins the size of albumin to enter the interior of the gel. The release rate of heparin from a gel containing 7 mg/g gel was 10(-2) micrograms/g min which was significantly lower than the reported minimum required for thromboresistance of ionically heparinized materials. Nevertheless, in vitro biological activity was observed in both thrombin time and plasma recalcification time assays, which could not be attributed to the release of heparin into the incubated plasma. Correlation of final heparin contents with the amount of terminal amino acid residues in three samples of heparin suggests that the heparin is bound to the PVA in the gel through the amino acid terminus; this provides a plausible explanation for the retention of biological activity by the immobilized heparin.
Circuit and microarchitecture evaluation of 3D stacking magnetic RAM (MRAM) as a universal memory replacement (2008)

Magnetic Random Access Memory (MRAM) has been considered as a promising memory technology due to many attractive properties. Integrating MRAM with CMOS logic may incur extra manufacture cost, due to its hybrid magnetic-CMOS fabrication process. Stacking MRAM on top of CMOS logics using 3D integration is a way to minimize this cost overhead. In this paper, we discuss the circuit design issues for MRAM, and present the MRAM cache model. Based on the model, we compare MRAM against SRAM and DRAM in terms of area, performance, and energy. Finally we conduct architectural evaluation for 3D microprocessor stacking with MRAM. The experimental results show that MRAM stacking offers competitive IPC performance with a large reduction in power consumption compared to SRAM and DRAM counterparts.
Cocontraction and phasic activity during GAIT in children with cerebral palsy. (1996)

Simultaneous activity of agonist and antagonistic muscles during a task is known as cocontraction. The primary aim of the present study was to use a cocontraction index (CI) to quantify differences in EMG activity between a group of CP and control children at two different walking speeds. The secondary aim was to compare the amount of time the muscles were activated ("on" thresholds) between the groups. Seventeen subjects volunteered for the study. One group consisted of 9 (7M, 2F) children with CP (age 12.7 +/- 2.8 years, mean +/- SD). The second group consisted of 8 able-bodied controls (7M, 1F). The discontinuous submaximal treadmill walking protocol had two 4min stages at 0% gradient. Speeds selected were 3 km.h-1 and 90% of the pre-determined fastest walking speed (FWS). Two sites of CI were measured from the EMGs of tibialis anterior and soleus (leg) and vastus lateralis and hamstrings (thigh). Significantly (p < 0.05) higher CI values were noted for the CP subjects compared to the controls, irrespective of speed or cocontraction site and there was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in CI values with increased walking speed for both CP and control subjects. Phasic analyses for 5% max EMG and 10% max EMG "on" thresholds demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) main effects for group (CP subjects had a longer time period of muscle activation than controls) and speed (muscles were active longer at 90% FWS than 3 km.h-1). The precise mechanisms by which cocontraction contributes toward abnormal gait and wasted mechanical energy require further research incorporating both electromyographic and kinematic analysis.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis invades and replicates within type II alveolar cells (1996)

Although Mycobacterium tuberculosis is assumed to infect primarily alveolar macrophages after being aspirated into the lung in aerosol form, it is plausible to hypothesize that M. tuberculosis can come in contact with alveolar epithelial cells upon arrival into the alveolar space. Therefore, as a first step toward investigation of the interaction between M. tuberculosis and alveolar epithelial cells, we examined the ability of M. tuberculosis to bind to and invade alveolar epithelial cells in vitro. The H37Rv and H37Ra strains of M. tuberculosis were cultured to mid-log phase and used in both adherence and invasion assays. The A549 human type II alveolar cell line was cultured to confluence in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum, L-glutamine, and nonessential amino acids. H37Rv was more efficient in entering A549 cells than H37Ra, Mycobacterium avium, and Escherichia coli Hb101, and nonpiliated strain (4.7% +/- 1.0% of the initial inoculum in 2 h compared with 3.1% +/- 0.8%, 2.1% +/- 0.9%, and 0.03% +/- 0.0%, respectively). The invasion was more efficient at 37 degrees C than 30 degrees C (4.7% +/- 1.0% compared with 2.3% +/- 0.8%). H37Rv and H37Ra were both capable of multiplying intracellularly at a similar ration over 4 days. Binding was inhibited up to 55.7% by anti-CD51 antibody (antivitronectin receptor), up to 55% with anti-CD29 antibody (beta(1) integrin), and 79% with both antibodies used together. Update of M. tuberculosis H37Rv was microtubule and microfilament dependent. It was inhibited by 6l.4% in the presence of 10 micron colchicine and by 72.3% in the presence of 3 micron cytochalasin D, suggesting two separate pathways for uptake. Our results show that M. tuberculosis is capable of invading type II alveolar epithelial cells and raise the possibility that invasion of alveolar epithelial cells is associated with the pathogenesis of lung infection.
UV stability of highest-quality plasma silicon nitride passivation of silicon solar cells (1996)

The UV stability of Si solar cells passivated by low-temperature remote PECVD silicon nitride films is tested. Perfect stability of the front surface passivation and the rear surface passivation of both p-n junction as well as MIS-IL Si solar cells is observed. Using the microwave-detected photoconductance decay (MW-PCD) method, a very small and slow degradation of the differential effective surface recombination velocity S/sub eff.d/ is observed at silicon nitride-passivated p-Si surfaces corresponding to the nonmetallized rear surface regions of bifacial cells. However, the degradation is too small to have any impact on the long-term stability of encapsulated 17-18% rear efficient bifacial cells. Thin-silicon-oxide/silicon-nitride double layers incorporating Cs as used at the front surface of MIS-IL solar cells provide perfectly stable and excellently low differential S/sub eff.d/ values of 23 cm/s on 1.5-/spl Omega/cm wafers. Applied to the rear surface of bifacial Si solar cells, this double-layer scheme gives the potential of stable rear efficiencies of even 20%.
Nitrobenzene Functionalized Hexahomotrioxacalix[3]arene. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Metabolism, LXR/LXR ligands, and tumor immune escape (2011)

The mechanisms of tumor immune evasion have gained increasing interest among the tumor immunologists, because of their ability to suppress spontaneous and immunotherapy-elicited antitumor responses. Recent studies clearly show that the deletion of cells/molecules involved in tumor evasion is capable of restoring antitumor immune responses, ultimately leading to tumor rejection in mouse tumor models. These studies further support and strengthen the idea to target not only the cancer cell-intrinsic defects but also those affecting cells of the microenvironment, such as immune cells. The alterations of cancer cell metabolism are also emerging as important regulators of immune cell function, with particular emphasis on immune-escape mechanisms. Indeed, intermediate or final products of cancer cell metabolism may interfere with the function of immune cells infiltrating the tumor microenvironment. This review will focus on the role of cholesterol metabolism, with particular emphasis on the axis LXR/LXR ligands. This axis has been shown to affect DC migration to lymphoid organs, thus dampening the induction of successful antitumor responses. Finally, we will discuss whether this pathway may interfere with other immune cells infiltrating tumors and how to improve spontaneous and immunotherapy-based antitumor responses by counteracting this immune-escape mechanism.
Hyperbranched Polyfluorinated benzyl ether polymers: Mechanism, kinetics, and optimization (2014)

Highly fluorinated, hyperbranched polymers were synthesized from the polycondensation of AB2 monomers, 3,5-bis[(pentafluorobenzyl)oxy]benzyl alcohol and 3,5-bis[(pentafluorobenzyl)-oxy]phenol with potassium carbonate base, and 18-crown-6 phase transfer agent in a variety of polar aprotic solvents. The regioselectivity of the polymerization was optimized and was found to be temperature dependent. The new polymerization technique produced higher molecular weight polymer using safer conditions than earlier methods. The resulting optimization was used to control substitution of oxygen-bearing nucleophiles along nonactivated fluoroaryl systems in high yield. Water was found to induce side reactions that generate a highly conjugated fluoroaryl phenol with lowered reactivity. The removal of a methylene spacer in the polymer backbone of the hyperbranched polymer produced a polymer with greater thermal stability. The reaction conditions for polymerization were found to be general for nucleophile-bearing perfluorinated systems. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 985–994
SLOW VERSUS FAST SHOCK WAVE LITHOTRIPSY RATE FOR UROLITHIASIS: A PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED STUDY (2005)

The slow SWL rate is associated with a significantly higher success rate at a lower number of total shock waves compared to the fast SWL rate.
Fall Detection Using Smartphone-Based Application (2016)

Among the elderly persons and disabled citizens injuries caused by falls can be dangerous even leading to death. Fast response can improve the people’s outcome but without knowing the accident nobody can help them. Falls are more dangerous when accidents happen while the people are alone. So it is very important to inform acquaintance and caregivers at the situation like this. Our purpose here is to inform caregivers by using a device an android-based smart phone which is available everywhere or can be get easily. The method is depends on the tri-axial accelerometer integrated with the phone. The android application -evaluated with threshold based algorithm- captures data from the accelerometer when the fall occurs. Then informs the caregivers which is defined before in the settings. The algorithm first asks the user and waits for a dedicated time if he/she is all right. If he/she is not responding the application will send an e-mail, make a phone call to inform the caregivers etc…
ADAPTIVE HARMONIZATION AND PITCH CORRECTION OF POLYPHONIC AUDIO USING SPECTRAL CLUSTERING (2007)

There are several well known harmonization and pitch correction techniques that can be applied to monophonic sound sources. They are based on automatic pitch detection and frequency shifting with-out time stretching. In many applications it is desired to apply such effects on the dominant melodic instrument of a polyphonic audio mixture. However, applying them directly to the mixture results in artifacts, and automatic pitch detection becomes unreliable. In this paper we describe how a dominant melody separation method based on spectral clustering of sinusoidal peaks can be used for adaptive harmonization and pitch correction in mono polyphonic audio mixtures. Motivating examples from a violin tutoring perspective as well as modifying the saxophone melody of an old jazz mono recording are presented.
A Novel Technique for Ice Crystal Visualization in Frozen Solids Using X‐Ray Micro‐Computed Tomography (2005)

ABSTRACT A novel technique, using an X‐ray micro‐computed tomography system (X‐ray micro‐CT system) has been developed for visualization of the two‐ (2‐D) and three‐dimensional (3‐D) ice crystal structures formed during freezing. The system reconstructs all 3‐D images based on a set of 2‐D images obtained by multiple slicing of an X‐ray shadow image. This study demonstrates the capability of the technique to characterize the ice crystal microstructure of mycoprotein products after freezing. Results are presented for the 2‐D ice crystals formed within mycoprotein frozen at different rates. The method requires freeze‐drying of the sample to remove frozen water before scanning to indicate ice crystal and internal structure of the material at a depth of 1 cm. The dendrite spacing of ice crystals has been related to the freezing conditions of the material.
Multimode fiber Bragg gratings - spectral characteristics and applications (1997)

Bragg gratings formed in multimode graded-index fiber showed multiple reflection spectra. The reflectivities were 96.6% for few-mode excitation and 36% for uniformly multimode excitation. Effects of bending and sensor applications are also discussed.
CHAMPS (chemical-mechanical planarization simulator) (2002)

Simulation of chemical-mechanical polishing is important because the chip-level planarity and wafer-level uniformity dependent on many dynamic factors are difficult to control. CHAMPS (chemical mechanical planarization simulator) has been developed for predicting and optimizing the thickness distribution after the CMP process using the chip level pattern density and an elastic spring model including equipment parameters. In this work, the results of CMP simulation are shown to agree well with the measured data. This simulator can be used to optimize CMP process conditions and to generate design rules for filling dummy patterns which are used to improve planarity and uniformity.
Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio, Part I: Two User Networks (2007)

In cognitive radio networks, cognitive (unlicensed) users need to continuously monitor spectrum for the presence of primary (licensed) users. In this paper, we illustrate the benefits of cooperation in cognitive radio. We show that by allowing the cognitive users operating in the same band to cooperate we can reduce the detection time and thus increase the overall agility. We first consider a two-user cognitive radio network and show how the inherent asymmetry in the network can be exploited to increase the agility. We show that our cooperation scheme increases the agility of the cognitive users by as much as 35%. We then extend our cooperation scheme to multicarrier networks with two users per carrier and analyze asymptotic agility gain. In Part II of our paper [1], we investigate multiuser single carrier networks. We develop a decentralized cooperation protocol which ensures agility gain for arbitrarily large cognitive network population.
Study on Optimal Control and Simulation for Urban Traffic Based on Fuzzy Logic (2008)

A fuzzy logic control system by optimizing the signal time and phase change is developed in this paper. The first fuzzy controller is used to calculate the green extension time of current phase at the end of minimal phase time. The second fuzzy controller optimizes the phase change when there are no vehicles for the secondary flow of current phase at the intersection. Compared with fixed-time and traditional signal fuzzy control algorithm, the developed signal fuzzy control system can improve control performance.
Multivariate Statistical Methods (2004)

Multivariate methods are now widely used in the quantitative sciences as well as in statistics because of the ready availability of computer packages for performing the calculations. While access to suitable computer software is essential to using multivariate methods, using the software still requires a working knowledge of these methods and how t
Chemical and nutritional studies on hanshi (<i>perilla frutescens</i>), a traditional oilseed from northeast india (1991)

Abstract Perilla frutescens , an edible oilseed of Northeast India, was evaluated for its nutrient composition and protein quality. It was found to be a rich source of protein (17.0%) and fat (51.7%). The fatty acid profile indicated that perilla oil is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as linolenic (56.8%) and linoleic (17.6%). The amino acid composition showed that valine was the limiting amino acid of perilla protein. The protein efficiency ratio of the seed protein (2.07) was lower than that of casein (2.99), but comparable to common oilseeds. True digestibility of the seed protein (82.6%) was also lower than that of casein (89.3%).
Fundamentals of microelectronics (2006)

Designed to build a strong foundation in both design and analysis of electronic circuits, Razavi teaches conceptual understanding and mastery of the material by using modern examples to motivate and prepare students for advanced courses and their careers. Razavi's unique problem-solving framework enables students to deconstruct complex problems into components that they are familiar with which builds the confidence and intuitive skills needed for success.
Anionic polymerization initiators containing protected functional groups. II (1977)

Abstract An organolithium reagent substituted with a primary amine‐protecting group [i.e.,N(TMS) 2 ] has been prepared and used to polymerize 1,3‐butadiene and isoprene. A method is described for converting the resultingN(TMS) 2 ‐containing polydienes intoNH 2 ‐containing polymers. Both N(TMS) 2 ‐ and NH 2 ‐terminated polydienes have been characterized with regard to microstructure, M n , and M w / M n data, as well as qualitative and quantitative end‐group analyses. The described preparative procedures represent a convenient route to the elusive primary amine‐terminated polydienes.
A PCR shortcut to oocyte expression. (1993)

We describe a new method, RNA amplification with oocyte expression, for efficient expression of proteins in the Xenopus oocyte after PCR amplification of cDNA coding regions, using as examples mouse GABAA receptor alpha 1 and beta 2 subunits. RNA is reverse-transcribed and the cDNAs are amplified using 5' primers containing a T7 RNA polymerase promoter and a consensus ribosome binding site and 3' primers giving a short poly(A) tail. This is followed by direct in vitro transcription of the PCR products and injection of the resulting mRNAs into Xenopus oocytes. The method gave abundant GABA-gated chloride channels in the oocyte membrane, as measured by recording agonist-induced currents. It promises to be a rapid route to expression of cloned proteins in oocytes, without requiring actual clones, and is free of possible variations in efficiency from untranslated regions.
A 4.5 GHz to 5.8 GHz tunable &#x003B4;&#x003C3;digital receiver with Q enhancement (2008)

A digital receiver tunable from 4.5 GHz to 5.8 GHz is reported for the first time. The circuit is based on a 40 GS/s continuous-time bandpass δσ ADC with Q-enhancement. In addition to the center frequency, the receiver bandwidth is independently tunable between 120 MHz and 500 MHz. An SNR of 37.9 dB is measured at 5 GHz over 500 MHz bandwidth. Center frequency scaling of bandpass digital receivers from 2 GHz to 5.8 GHz is shown without changing the digital section and clock frequency of the ADC. The circuit, which consumes 2.09W from 2.5V supply, can be used as a broadband RF sampler for 5.8 GHz WLAN, or as the digital IF of a 60 GHz radio.
Indirect Control of the Forces of Constraint in Dynamic Systems (1979)

In this paper two problems are investigated; how to control a dynamic system such that holonomic constraints are maintained and further the forces of constraint are a priori specified. Two cases of the latter are considered: constant forces of constraint and forces that are functions of the state. The dynamic system is linearized about an operating point and linear feedback is exploited for the solution of both problems. A methodology for computing the feedback gains is developed and applied to a nonhuman biped model that possesses ankle torques in the frontal plane. Simulation results are carried out for the nonlinear biped model to maintain the vertical force of constraint constant under the foot. Applications to locking of joints in natural biological systems is noted.
Does Needle Size Matter? (2007)

Hypodermic needles are in widespread use, but patients are unhappy with the pain, anxiety, and difficulty of using them. To increase patient acceptance, smaller needle diameters and lower insertion forces have been shown to reduce the frequency of painful injections. Guided by these observations, fine needles and microneedles have been developed to minimize pain and have found the greatest utility for delivery of vaccines and biopharmaceuticals such as insulin. However, pain reduction must be balanced against limitations of injection depth, volume, and formulations introduced by reduced needle dimensions. In some cases, needle-free delivery methods provide useful alternatives.
A Survey of Recommendation Systems: Recommendation Models, Techniques, and Application Fields (2022)

This paper reviews the research trends that link the advanced technical aspects of recommendation systems that are used in various service areas and the business aspects of these services. First, for a reliable analysis of recommendation models for recommendation systems, data mining technology, and related research by application service, more than 135 top-ranking articles and top-tier conferences published in Google Scholar between 2010 and 2021 were collected and reviewed. Based on this, studies on recommendation system models and the technology used in recommendation systems were systematized, and research trends by year were analyzed. In addition, the application service fields where recommendation systems were used were classified, and research on the recommendation system model and recommendation technique used in each field was analyzed. Furthermore, vast amounts of application service-related data used by recommendation systems were collected from 2010 to 2021 without taking the journal ranking into consideration and reviewed along with various recommendation system studies, as well as applied service field industry data. As a result of this study, it was found that the flow and quantitative growth of various detailed studies of recommendation systems interact with the business growth of the actual applied service field. While providing a comprehensive summary of recommendation systems, this study provides insight to many researchers interested in recommendation systems through the analysis of its various technologies and trends in the service field to which recommendation systems are applied.