gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatial Properties of the Photoinduced Transition in Pr<sub><b>0.7</b></sub>Ca<sub><b>0.3</b></sub>MnO<sub><b>3</b></sub> (1997)

Temporal and spatial properties were investigated for the recently discovered photoinduced insulator to metal transition in Pr 0.7 Ca 0.3 MnO 3 . Time evolution of the photocurrent upon irradiation with a laser pulse and its laser-power and applied-voltage dependence were measured and analyzed. Irradiation patterns were controlled and sample length and width were varied. Two components of the photocurrent were separated. The slow component which was concluded to be critical for the transition, was suggested to originate from small metallic “islands” being created within the electrode gap by the irradiation. Measurements done on samples with the controlled width gave proof of the shrinking of the conduction path with decreasing current, supporting the picture of the conduction path being under stress from the surrounding charge ordered, antiferromagnetic bulk and being sustained by the current. Lack of dependence of the resistance on the sample length was observed, indicating that the major contribution to the voltage drop is determined by some “neck” in the conduction path.
Study of Titanium Tungsten Nitride and Tungsten Nitride Schottky Contacts on n-GaN (2003)

The Schottky diode behaviors of the TiWNx and the WNx Schottky contacts to n-GaN were investigated at different annealing temperatures. Both TiWNx and WNx films were deposited by the reactive DC sputtering method. The WNx/n-GaN contact exhibited excellent electrical characteristics even after rapid-thermal annealing up to 850°C for 10 s. The ideality factor and barrier height remained 1.09 and 0.80 eV, respectively, after 850°C annealing. However, the TiWNx/n-GaN contact was thermally stable only up to 650°C annealing; the values of the ideality factor and the barrier height were 1.14 and 0.76 eV, respectively, after 650°C annealing and started to degrade when annealed at higher temperatures. The deterioration of the TiWNx/n-GaN contact at higher temperatures was due to the inter-diffusion of the TiWN film and the GaN material.
Experimental chemotherapy of typhus Anti-rickettsial action of <i>p</i> -sulphonamidobenzamidine and related compounds (1946)

Abstract The discovery of the pronounced anti-rickettsial activity of p-sulphonamidobenzamidine on experimental typhus infections in mice has led to a search for compounds of enhanced therapeutic action. A large number of compounds have been prepared in development of the sulphonamido-amidine structure, but anti-rickettsial activity has been found to be confined to about a dozen substances intimately related to p-sulphonamidobenzamidine, only one, namely, p-sulphonamidobenzamidoxime, having a very slightly superior therapeutic action. The significance of the discovery of yet another sulphonamide type with pronounced biological activity is discussed.
3D Metal Printing Technology (2016)

3D Printing or Additive manufacturing is a novel method of manufacturing parts directly from digital model by using layer by layer material build-up approach. This tool-less manufacturing method can produce fully dense metallic parts in short time, with high precision. Features of additive manufacturing like freedom of part design, part complexity, light weighting, part consolidation and design for function are garnering particular interests in metal additive manufacturing for aerospace, oil & gas, marine and automobile applications. Powder bed fusion, in which each powder bed layer is selectively fused by using energy source like laser, is the most promising additive manufacturing technology that can be used for manufacturing small, low volume, complex metallic parts. This review presents overview of 3D Printing technologies, materials, applications, advantages, disadvantages, challenges, economics and applications of 3D metal printing technology.
Purification and Properties of an Endo β-1, 6-Glucanase from Rhizopus chinensis R-69 (1974)

An endo β-1, 6-glucanase (β-1, 6-glucan glucanohydrolase, E. C. 3. 2. 1.) has been purified from the culture filtrate of a strain resembling Rhizopus chinensis in homogeneous form. The procedures involved ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by column chromatography of DEAE-cellulose, CM-Sephadex C-50 and BioGel P-60. Various physicochemical and chemical characteristics of the enzyme have been made clear, including complete amino acid composition. Optimum pH, optimum temperature, apparent activation energy for activity, Km and Vmax are 5.5_??_6.0, 60°C, 4.39 Cal per mole, 9.39×10-3M glucose equivalents (0.169%) and 43.13 International Units, respectively. The enzyme required no metal ions for its activity, and it hydrolyzed β-1, 6-glucan larger than gentiotetraose, forming gentiobiose and gentiotriose as main products.
Simple, broadband relative phase measurement of intermodulation products (2005)

Single tone and two-tone tests are used to characterize the nonlinear response of RF and microwave systems. One-tone testing is relatively straightforward. In contrast, two-tone testing results in the generation of intermodulation frequencies and generally only the magnitudes of these are measured. However full characterization requires that phase be extracted as well as magnitude. Measurement of the phase of intermodulation frequencies has historically been difficult. In this paper we present a broadband technique for performing the relative phase measurement of the intermodulation frequency components generated in a two-tone test. The method uses three phase-locked sources and common equipment found in a microwave laboratory.
A low-power multi-band ECoG/EEG interface IC (2010)

We present a 6.4 μW electrocorticography (ECoG)/electroencephalography (EEG) processing integrated circuit (EPIC) with 0.4 μV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> noise floor intended for emerging brain-computer interface (BCI) applications. This chip conditions the signal and simultaneously extracts energy in four fully-programmable frequency bands. Functionality is demonstrated by tuning the four bands to important frequency bands used by ECoG/EEG applications: α (8-12Hz), β (18-26Hz), low-γ (30-50Hz) and γ (70-100Hz). Measured results from in-vivo ECoG recording from the primary motor cortex of an awake monkey are presented.
Rubella and juvenile chronic arthritis. (1981)

A 9-year-old boy with a clinical illness similar to juvenile rheumatoid arthritis was found to have rubella virus in the synovial fluid. There was complete remission of symptoms after 3 months. The role of rubella virus as a possible possible aetiological agent in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis is discussed.
Capilla en las Tuileries de Grandson, Suiza (1968)

El arquitecto atendió, en el diseño de esta iglesia, a lograr un simbolismo expresivo; como punto focal de la composición interior, primordialmente, aparece la cruz, luminosa dentro y fuera, de día y de noche. En su decoración ha sido cuidadosamente estudiado el alumbrado, tanto diurno como nocturno, y en la ejecución han sido utilizados materiales simples, de gran sinceridad formal y plástica.
OCULAR MANIFESTATIONS OF SYSTEMIC DISEASES (1974)

Division of Optometry Indiana University 800 East Atwater Bloomington, Indiana 47401 * Read before the Section on Pathology at the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Optometry, New York, New York, December 17, 1972. For publication in the March, 1974 issue of the AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPTOMETRY AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS. † M. D., Member of Faculty, Fellow, American Academy of Optometry.
Role of the Conserved AAUAAA Sequence: Four AAUAAA Point Mutants Prevent Messenger RNA 3′ End Formation (1984)

A small region (220 bases) of SV40 sequence information—141 bases before the polyadenylation site and 79 beyond—are sufficient for cleavage of an messenger RNA precursor (that is, the formation of a mature 3′ terminus), the addition of polyadenylic acid, and the transport of messenger RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. These 220 bases include a highly conserved sequence—AAUAAA (A, adenine; U, uracil). Four point mutations in this sequence—AACAAA, AAUUAA, AAUACA, and AAUGAA (C, cytosine; G, guanine)—prevent cleavage.
A FAST-BRISK Feature Detector with Depth Information (2018)

RGB-D cameras offer both color and depth images of the surrounding environment, making them an attractive option for robotic and vision applications. This work introduces the BRISK_D algorithm, which efficiently combines Features from Accelerated Segment Test (FAST) and Binary Robust Invariant Scalable Keypoints (BRISK) methods. In the BRISK_D algorithm, the keypoints are detected by the FAST algorithm and the location of the keypoint is refined in the scale and the space. The scale factor of the keypoint is directly computed with the depth information of the image. In the experiment, we have made a detailed comparative analysis of the three algorithms SURF, BRISK and BRISK_D from the aspects of scaling, rotation, perspective and blur. The BRISK_D algorithm combines depth information and has good algorithm performance.
Mutant monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 protein attenuates migration of and inflammatory cytokine release by macrophages exposed to orthopedic implant wear particles (2013)

Wear particles generated from total joint replacements can stimulate macrophages to release chemokines, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), which is the most important chemokine regulating systemic and local cell trafficking and infiltration of monocyte/macrophages in chronic inflammation. One possible strategy to curtail the adverse events associated with wear particles is to mitigate migration and activation of monocyte/macrophages. The purpose of this study is to modulate the adverse effects of particulate biomaterials and inflammatory stimuli such as endotoxin by interfering with the biological effects of the chemokine MCP-1. In the current study, the function of MCP-1 was inhibited by the mutant MCP-1 protein called 7ND, which blocks its receptor, the C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) on macrophages. Addition of 7ND decreased MCP-1-induced migration of THP-1 cells in cell migration experiments in a dose-dependent manner. Conditioned media from murine macrophages exposed to clinically relevant polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) particles with/without endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] had a chemotactic effect on human macrophages, which was decreased dramatically by 7ND. 7ND demonstrated no adverse effects on the viability of macrophages, and the capability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to form bone at the doses tested. Finally, proinflammatory cytokine production was mitigated when macrophages were exposed to PMMA particles with/without LPS in the presence of 7ND. Our studies confirm that the MCP-1 mutant protein 7ND can decrease macrophage migration and inflammatory cytokine release without adverse effects at the doses tested. Local delivery of 7ND at the implant site may provide a therapeutic strategy to diminish particle-associated periprosthetic inflammation and osteolysis.
More types for nested data parallel programming (2000)

This paper generalises the flattening transformation---a technique for the efficient implementation of nested data parallelism---and reconciles it with main stream functional programming. Nested data parallelism is significantly more expressive and convenient to use than the flat data parallelism typically used in conventional parallel languages like High Performance Fortran and C*. The flattening transformation of Blelloch and Sabot is a key technique for the efficient implementation of nested parallelism via flat parallelism, but originally it was severely restricted, as it did not permit general sum types, recursive types, higher-order functions, and separate compilation. Subsequent work, including some of our own, generalised the transformation and allowed higher-order functions and recursive types. In this paper, we take the final step of generalising flattening to cover the full range of types available in modern languages like Haskell and ML; furthermore, we enable the use of separate compilation. In addition, we present a completely new formulation of the transformation, which is based on the standard lambda calculus notation, and replace a previously ad-hoc transformation step by a systematic generic programming technique. First experiments demonstrate the efficiency of our approach.
4-(2-[2-(2(<i>R</i>)-Methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl]benzofuran-5-yl)benzonitrile and Related 2-Aminoethylbenzofuran H<sub>3</sub> Receptor Antagonists Potently Enhance Cognition and Attention (2004)

H(3) receptor antagonists based on a 2-aminoethylbenzofuran skeleton have been discovered, which are potent in vitro at human and rat H(3) receptors, with K(i) values of 0.1-5.8 nM. Analogues were discovered with potent (0.01-1 mg/kg) cognition and attention enhancing properties in animal models. One compound in particular, 4-(2-[2-(2(R)-methylpyrrolidin-1-yl)ethyl]benzofuran-5-yl)benzonitrile (ABT-239), combined potent and selective H(3) receptor antagonism and excellent pharmacokinetic and metabolic properties across species, with full efficacy in two behavioral models: a five-trial inhibitory avoidance acquisition model in rat pups at 0.1 mg/kg and a social recognition memory model in adult rats at 0.01 mg/kg. Furthermore, this compound did not stimulate locomotor activity and showed high selectivity for the induction of behavioral efficacy versus central nervous system based side effects. The potency and selectivity of this compound and of analogues from this class support the potential of H(3) receptor antagonists for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction.
Low latency radio interface for 5G flexible TDD local area communications (2014)

This paper presents a low latency radio interface design for future 5G local area communications that provides transmission latencies less than 1 ms while providing sufficient spectral efficiency. We concentrate on the excellent latency aspects of the proposed 5GETLA radio interface and discuss the factors leading to very low latency and high energy efficiency. In addition, we study two different radio interface parameterizations and compare their total overheads and achievable transmission times.
Supervised Noise Reduction for Multichannel Keyword Spotting (2018)

This paper presents a robust, small-footprint, far-field keyword spotting (KWS) algorithm, which was inspired by the human auditory system's ability to achieve the so-called cocktail party effect in adverse acoustic environments. It introduces the idea of combining microphone-array speech enhancement with machine learning, by incorporating a feedback path from the neural network (NN) KWS classifier to its signal preprocessing frontend so that frontend noise reduction can benefit from, and in turn, better serve backend machine intelligence. We find that the new system can significantly improve KWS performance for Google Home when there is strong music or TV noise in the background. While this innovative and successfully validated strategy of combining signal processing and machine learning is developed for KWS, its technical feasibility is presumably extensible to many other applications, including noise robust speaker identification and automatic speech recognition.
[The relationship between integrated fish farming and human influenza pandemic]. (1996)

The study was carried out for reviewing the hypothesis on the relationship between integrated fish farming (IFF) and human influenza A pandemic using study methods of longitudinal epidemiology, ecology and serology. Four rural villages with IFF, non-IFF and non-fish farming, selected from two provinces (Henan and Shandong of PRC) were investigated for the status about human influenza A epidemic and infections with human, duck, swine influenaz A viruses in those communities. The results put forward views on that there is no relation between IFF and the increase of incidence rate, infection rate and antibodies level to human influenza A virus. Duck may play an important role in the increase of infection rate to human influenza A viruses among human communities. Pigs seem not to play obvious role in the increase of infection rate to human influenza A viruses among human communities. Human, duck, swine influenza A viruses may spread among human duck and pigs communities interchangably.
Regulatable production of mature insulin from a hepatocyte cell line: insulin production is up‐regulated by cAMP and glucocorticoids, and down‐regulated by insulin (1996)

We engineered a hepatoma cell line that produces an up-regulation of insulin in response to cAMP, dexamethasone, and retinoic acid, and a down-regulation in response to insulin. We devised a regulatory secretion system by placing proinsulin DNA under the regulatable promoter for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). To assess the ability to regulate insulin secretion, we used the rat hepatoma cell line, H4IIE. The H4IIE cells secreted immunoreactive insulin (IRI) constantly at a level of 1-3 fmol/10(6) cells/h. IRI increased approximately two-fold upon stimulation with 0.5 mM cAMP and five-fold with the addition of the cAMP-dependent phosphodiesterase inhibitor IBMX, as compared to baseline IRI secretion. IRI increased 18-fold by 1-500 nM dexamethasone together with cAMP and IBMX. Addition of exogenous insulin to the culture medium significantly decreased insulin mRNA expression on Northern blot.
Population genetic study of the human dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) (1995)

The human dopamine transporter gene, DAT1, acts to transport released dopamine into presynaptic terminals of the brain. The possibility that the DAT1 gene plays a role in genetic diseases of the brain has led to studies of DAT1 in several psychiatric and neurological disorders. Previous sequence analysis of DAT1 revealed a 40-bp repeat in the 3' end of the gene. In order to identify all potential alleles for this VNTR marker a population database was established. One thousand seventy-four unrelated individuals were screened by PCR for the region containing the 40 bp repeat. Allele frequency differences were found between black Americans and Caucasians or Hispanics but no differences were observed between Caucasians and Hispanics. A previously unreported allele was detected in all three populations. Thus, we have shown that screening a large population identifies new alleles and generates more accurate allele frequencies.
CCLXXXI.—The ultra-filtration of soap solutions: sodium oleate and potassium laurate (1922)

J. W. McBain and W. J. Jenkins, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1922, 121, 2325 DOI: 10.1039/CT9222102325
Immunoprotection of Pancreatic Islet Grafts within Artificial Microcapsules (1991)

To circumvent pancreatic islet graft-directed immune destruction we enveloped porcine islets within highly biocompatible and selectively permeable algin/polyaminoacid microcapsules. These special microspheres were deposited between the inner (permeable) and the outer (impermeable) layers of an artificial, coaxial vascular prosthesis, directly anastomized to blood vessels. Five dogs with spontaneous, insulin-dependent diabetes received microencapsulated porcine islets in arterio-vein iliac prosthesis by-passes. One showed complete and the remainder partial, sustained reversal of hyperglycemia. Microencapsulation may be a potential solution to immunological problems related to islet transplantation.
Update on Membranoproliferative GN (2014)

Membranoproliferative GN represents a pattern of injury seen on light microscopy. Historically, findings on electron microscopy have been used to further subclassify this pathologic entity. Recent advances in understanding of the underlying pathobiology have led to a proposed classification scheme based on immunofluorescence findings. Dysregulation of the complement system has been shown to be a major risk factor for the development of a membranoproliferative GN pattern of injury on kidney biopsy. Evaluation and treatment of this complex disorder rest on defining the underlying mechanisms.
Osteogenic protein-1 mRNA expression is selectively modulated after acute ischemic renal injury. (1998)

Osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1) is a morphogenetic factor highly expressed in the kidney and involved in tissue repair and development. Homozygous OP-1-deficient mice die shortly after birth due mainly to arrest of renal growth and differentiation. Because postischemic injury involves several repair mechanisms, this study examined whether kidney OP-1 mRNA expression is modulated after ischemia. Acute ischemic renal injury was achieved in rats by unilateral clamping of the renal pedicle followed by reperfusion. Rats were killed at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h and 7 d after reperfusion, and kidneys were microdissected and analyzed by histology and Northern and Western blots. Changes in OP-1 mRNA were determined by measuring the ratio of OP-1/glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase signals for each OP-1 transcript (4.0 and 2.4 kb) from ischemic, opposite, and sham-operated rats. The OP-1 mRNA content for transcript 4.0 kb was fivefold lower in the whole ischemic kidney compared with that in sham animals 24 h after reperfusion. In the ischemic medulla, OP-1 mRNA was strikingly downregulated 20-fold when compared with the ischemic cortex. Results for transcript 2.4 kb and for the other time points were comparable. OP-1 mRNA expression was also affected in the opposite medulla compared with the sham medulla. However, only in the ischemic medulla was the relative OP-1 content significantly lower at all time points. Similar results were obtained when analyzing OP-1 protein by Western blot at 24 h after reperfusion. Seven days after reperfusion, the levels of OP-1 mRNA returned to baseline. In conclusion, kidney OP-1 mRNA and protein are selectively downregulated in the medulla after acute ischemic renal injury. OP-1 modulation may be a key element for kidney repair.
The Dog Mafia (1972)

My discovery that the dogs of the world are able to communicate among them selves arose, in the first place, from particular circumstances in my own life and my relation to canine society. Like many other discoveries in the history of science it did not come suddenly but grew from the gradual and almost im perceptible accumulation of data from various quarters. I have never been a dog owner nor am I what is commonly termed a dog lover. My first personal contact with the world of dogs took place a few years ago when, because of circumstances that are too compUcated to explain here and besides not pertinent to the matter under discussion, I found myself in Paris and in a particular and quite special frame of mind or, more precisely, ?tat dame. But why conceal that my difficulties involved the opposite sex, an interlude in my life which I would prefer to conceal but which wiU inevitably come to Ught? Briefly, I was caught in the grip of forces over which I had no control, forces which ended by producing in me a residue of unresolved hostiUty which I discharged, I am sorry to say, on the dogs I happened to encounter in the street. I would entice them to me through the simple devices traditional in man-dog relations and then, when they were in suitable proximity, I would deal them shrewd kicks in the manner made famous and even, I beUeve, invented by CharUe Chaplin: to wit, if the dog approaches from the left, the right foot is crossed behind the left calf and a sharp jab dealt using the left calf as interference or a kind of shield, so to speak, out of which the toe darts like the tongue of a serpent and then retreats quickly to its normal position; or, should the approach of the dog occur from the right, the identical technique with coordinates reversed. If this is done properly the process is practicaUy too fast for the eye to follow. The casual ob server only a few yards away wiU fail to perceive the shoe that flashes out from behind the trouser-leg and wiU notice only that the dog, for some inexpUcable reason, has terminated his approach at a range of perhaps eighteen inches and is withdrawing rapidly, and as inconspicuously as possible, from the scene of ac