gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Electrophysiological Biosensor for Batch-Measurement of Cell Signals (2005)

This paper presents the development of electrophysiological biosensor. The developed sensor allows a batch-measurement by detecting all signals from a large number of cells together. The developed sensor employs the same measurement principle as the patch-clamp technique. A single cell is sucked and clamped in a micro hole with detecting electrode. Detecting electrodes in arrayed micro holes are connected together for the batch-measurement of signals a large number of cell signals. Furthermore, an array of sensors for batch-measurement is designed to improve measurement-throughput to satisfy requirements for the drug screening application.
Advances in Wildlife Crossing Technologies (2009)

Crashes involving wildlife and vehicles are becoming a major safety concern. To combat this problem, researchers are deploying the latest tools to reduce animal-vehicle collisions and save the lives of both motorists and animals. This article highlights some of these advances, which include animal-vehicle detection systems, activated warning signs, and electric fencing and mats. A checklist of steps for agencies seeking to launch programs to reduce wildlife-vehicle collisions is presented. Often technologies can be combined at one location to enhance animal detection, alert drivers, and reduce collisions. An application of several of technologies in the Preacher Canyon area of Arizona was successful in reducing the incidence of elk-vehicle collisions by 96%.
A Dockable Digital Disk Recorder (1995)

A new approach to capturing video and audio media in a field setting is described based on small form-factor disk drive recording package (FieldPak) and video compression technology. These have been combined to produce a dockable digital video recording unit which mates to a variety of ENG cameras, the Ikegami HS-57 for example. A system, hardware, software and feature view is presented to describe how existing technology components can be combined to form a field-portable, reliable digital media collection system.
Liquid volumetric display with parallel optical access by computer-generated hologram (2013)

Parallel optical access liquid volumetric display with computer-generated hologram is demonstrated. The volumetric display is composed of the luminous points excited by femtosecond pulses focused in a fluorescent solution with a XYZ scanner. The image quality was significantly improved by optimizing the scanning procedure of femtosecond pulses.
Integration of molecular-layer-deposited aluminum alkoxide interlayers into inorganic nanolaminate barriers for encapsulation of organic electronics with improved stress resistance (2014)

Diffusion barrier stacks for the encapsulation of organic electronics made from inorganic nanolaminates of Al2O3 and TiO2 with aluminum alkoxide interlayers have been deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and molecular layer deposition (MLD). As a part of the MLD process development, the deposition of aluminum alkoxide with low a density of about 1.7 g/cm3 was verified. The ALD/MLD diffusion barrier stack is meant to be deposited either on a polymer film, creating a flexible barrier substrate, or on top of a device on glass, creating a thin-film encapsulation. In order to measure the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) through the barrier, the device is replaced by a calcium layer acting as a water sensor in an electrical calcium test. For the barrier stack applied as thin-film encapsulation on glass substrates, high resolution scanning electron microscopy investigations indicate that the inorganic nanolaminates without MLD interlayers are brittle as they crack easily upon the stress induced by the corroding calcium below. The introduction of up to three MLD interlayers of 12 nm each into the 48 nm barrier film laminate successfully mitigates stress issues and prevents the barrier from cracking. Using the three MLD interlayer configurations on glass, WVTRs of as low as 10−5 g/m2/d are measured at 38 °C and 32% relative humidity. On polymer barrier substrates, the calcium is evaporated onto the barrier stack and encapsulated with a cavity glass. In this configuration, the corroding calcium has space for expansion and gas release without affecting the underlying barrier film. In consequence, a WVTR of about 3 × 10−3 g/m2/d is measured for all samples independently of the number of MLD interlayers. In conclusion, a stabilization and preservation of the ALD barrier film against mechanical stress is achieved by the introduction of MLD interlayers into the inorganic nanolaminate.
On the relevance of reliability assessment for wind farm performance evaluation (2008)

To assess the available power output of a wind farm reliability modelling are used accounting for the stochastic nature of the wind energy source, the control characteristics of the wind turbine generators and the related failure and repair processes. Two techniques are adopted with reference to a case study. The first one is based on Monte Carlo simulations and evaluates the power output of a wind farm neglecting the outages of wind turbine generators. The second one evaluates the available power output using a novel technique based on the Universal Generating Functions. The results obtained by the two techniques are compared to evidence the effects of taking into account failures on the expected generated energy as well as on generation costs. It is also analysed the sensitivity of the results with respect to variations of the failure parameters.
Complexes of Poliovirus Serotypes with Their Common Cellular Receptor, CD155 (2003)

Structures of all three poliovirus (PV) serotypes (PV1, PV2, and PV3) complexed with their cellular receptor, PV receptor (PVR or CD155), were determined by cryoelectron microscopy. Both glycosylated and fully deglycosylated CD155 exhibited similar binding sites and orientations in the viral canyon for all three PV serotypes, showing that all three serotypes use a common mechanism for cell entry. Difference maps between the glycosylated and deglycosylated CD155 complexes determined the sites of the carbohydrate moieties that, in turn, helped to verify the position of the receptor relative to the viral surface. The proximity of the CD155 carbohydrate site at Asn105 to the viral surface in the receptor-virus complex suggests that it might interfere with receptor docking, an observation consistent with the properties of mutant CD155. The footprints of CD155 on PV surfaces indicate that the south rim of the canyon dominates the virus-receptor interactions and may correspond to the initial CD155 binding state of the receptor-mediated viral uncoating. In contrast, the interaction of CD155 with the north rim of the canyon, especially the region immediately outside the viral hydrophobic pocket that normally binds a cellular "pocket factor," may be critical for the release of the pocket factor, decreasing the virus stability and hence initiating uncoating. The large area of the CD155 footprint on the PV surface, in comparison with other picornavirus-receptor interactions, could be a potential limitation on the viability of PV escape mutants from antibody neutralization. Many of these are likely to have lost their ability to bind CD155, resulting in there being only three PV serotypes.
Notes on Northern Mexican Birds. a Expedition Report (1975)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Motor impairment in very preterm‐born children: links with other developmental deficits at 5 years of age (2013)

Aim To elucidate the relation between motor impairment and other developmental deficits in very preterm‐born children without disabling cerebral palsy and term‐born comparison children at 5 years of (corrected) age. Method In a prospective cohort study, 165 children (81 very preterm‐born and 84 term‐born) were assessed with the Movement Assessment Battery for Children ‐ 2nd edition, Touwen's neurological examination, the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, processing speed and visuomotor coordination tasks of the Amsterdam Neuropsychological Tasks, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Results Motor impairment (≤15th centile) occurred in 32% of the very preterm‐born children compared with 11% of their term‐born peers ( p =0.001). Of the very preterm‐born children with motor impairment, 58% had complex minor neurological dysfunctions, 54% had low IQ , 69% had slow processing speed, 58% had visuomotor coordination problems, and 27%, 50%, and 46% had conduct, emotional, and hyperactivity problems respectively. Neurological outcome (odds ratio [ OR ]=41.7, 95% confidence intervals [ CI ] 7.5–232.5) and Full‐scale IQ ( OR =7.3, 95% CI 1.9–27.3) were significantly and independently associated with motor impairment. Processing speed ( OR =4.6, 95% CI 1.8–11.6) and attention ( OR =3.2, 95% CI 1.3–7.9) were additional variables associated with impaired manual dexterity. These four developmental deficits mediated the relation between preterm birth and motor impairment. Interpretation Complex minor neurological dysfunctions, low IQ , slow processing speed, and hyperactivity/inattention should be taken into account when very preterm‐born children are referred for motor impairment.
Introduction to mussels and mussel ecology (2012)

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
An integrated wide-band varactor-tuned Gunn oscillator (1973)

A report is made of a thin-film varactor-tuned Gunn effect oscillator in X band employing unencapsulated diodes. The Gunn device, which is an inverted mesa type, is mounted off the substrate on a copper header and this arrangement can dissipate 7 W without the Gunn device suffering thermal damage. The varactor is a beam-lead silicon p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> nn <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> IMPATT diode connected in series with the Gunn device. A circulator is integrated with the oscillator to provide load isolation, and tuning ranges in excess of 2 GHz are reported. Good agreement exists between calculated and measured values of oscillator tuning range.
The Effect Of Level Of Water Saturation On The Dielectric Constant Of Sandstones (1984)

The authors have measured the dielectric constant of twelve sandstones as a function of saturation and frequency from 5 Hz to 13 MHz. The dielectric constant has been found to be strongly frequency dependent in saturated samples, decreasing with increasing frequency. The dielectric constant of drt samples shows little dependence on frequency. When the data from saturated samples are presented as a complex impedance plot, a low frequency and high frequency region can be identified; within these two regions the dielectric constant shows two different power law dependences upon frequency. The focus of this study is the effect of saturation on the dielectric constant at frequencies above 10 kHz. The dielectric constant shows a large increase with increasing saturation at low levels of saturation and then a more gradual, linear increase with saturation at higher saturation levels. At high saturations they find that the change in the dielectric constant can be simply related to the change in the volume of water.
Prescient R-D optimized packet dependency management for low-latency video streaming (2004)

An improved, prescient, scheme to deliver preencoded video streams at very low latency is presented. We dynamically manage the prediction dependency for a group of packets using a rate-distortion (R-D) optimization framework that adapts to the channel, so that the expected end-to-end distortion is minimized under a given rate constraint. In our system, the R-D characteristics of each prediction mode are precomputed at compression time and stored in an R-D preamble along with the multiple compressed versions of the stream. The distortion in the preamble is estimated using an accurate loss-distortion model, and the optimal prediction modes are computed with an iterative descent algorithm. Complexity is reduced at streaming time by using the preamble to compute the optimal modes instead of actually compressing the video. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed prescient scheme provides significant performance gains over simple intra-insertion, and consistent bitrate savings compared to the greedy scheme.
Theoretical Standard Model Rates of Proton to Neutron Conversions Near Metallic Hydride Surfaces (2006)

The process of radiation induced electron capture by protons or deuterons producing new ultra low momentum neutrons and neutrinos may be theoretically described within the standard field theoretical model of electroweak interactions. For protons or deuterons in the neighborhoods of surfaces of condensed matter metallic hydride cathodes, such conversions are determined in part by the collective plasma modes of the participating charged particles, e.g. electrons and protons. The radiation energy required for such low energy nuclear reactions may be supplied by the applied voltage required to push a strong charged current across a metallic hydride surface employed as a cathode within a chemical cell. The electroweak rates of the resulting ultra low momentum neutron production are computed from these considerations.
<b>The Synthesis of Nucleoside-5″ Aldehydes</b> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of Nucleoside-5″ AldehydesK. E. Pfitzner and J. G. MoffattCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 19, 3027Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00902a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00902a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1287Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Detection of Interictal Spikes and Artifactual Data Through Orthogonal Transformations (2005)

This study introduces an integrated algorithm based on the Walsh transform to detect interictal spikes and artifactual data in epileptic patients using recorded EEG data. The algorithm proposes a unique mathematical use of Walsh-transformed EEG signals to identify those criteria that best define the morphologic characteristics of interictal spikes. EEG recordings were accomplished using the 10-20 system interfaced with the Electrical Source Imaging System with 256 channels (ESI-256) for enhanced preprocessing and on-line monitoring and visualization. The merits of the algorithm are: (1) its computational simplicity; (2) its integrated design that identifies and localizes interictal spikes while automatically removing or discarding the presence of different artifacts such as electromyography, electrocardiography, and eye blinks; and (3) its potential implication to other types of EEG analysis, given the mathematical basis of this algorithm, which can be patterned or generalized to other brain dysfunctions. The mathematics that were applied here assumed a dual role, that of transforming EEG signals into mutually independent bases and in ascertaining quantitative measures for those morphologic characteristics deemed important in the identification process of interictal spikes. Clinical experiments involved 31 patients with focal epilepsy. EEG data collected from 10 of these patients were used initially in a training phase to ascertain the reliability of the observable and formulated features that were used in the spike detection process. Three EEG experts annotated spikes independently. On evaluation of the algorithm using the 21 remaining patients in the testing phase revealed a precision (positive predictive value) of 92% and a sensitivity of 82%. Based on the 20- to 30-minute epochs of continuous EEG recording per subject, the false detection rate is estimated at 1.8 per hour of continuous EEG. These are positive results that support further development of this algorithm for prolonged EEG recordings on ambulatory subjects and to serve as a support mechanism to the decisions made by EEG experts.
Edge and keypoint detection in facial regions (2002)

The authors introduce a method for the automatic detection of facial features and characteristic anatomical keypoints. In the application they are aiming at the anatomical landmarks are used to accurately measure facial features. Their approach is essentially bused on a selective search and sequential tracking of characteristic edge and line structures of the facial object to be searched. It integrates model knowledge to guarantee a consistent interpretation of the abundance of local features. The search and the tracking is controlled in each step by interpreting the already derived edge and line information in the context of the whole considered region. For their application, the edge and line detection has to be very precise and flexible. Therefore, they apply a powerful filtering scheme based on steerable filters.
Pharmacological profile of PKF242‐484 and PKF241‐466, novel dual inhibitors of TNF‐α converting enzyme and matrix metalloproteinases, in models of airway inflammation (2002)

1. TNF-alpha converting enzyme (TACE) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are believed to play a role in various airway inflammatory disorders. Therefore we have tested the effect of two new inhibitors of TACE/MMPs (PKF242-484, PKF241-466) in models of airway inflammation. 2. PKF242-484 and PKF241-466 inhibited purified MMP-1, -2, -3, -9, -13 and rat collagenase at low nanomolar range. Both compounds inhibited the TNF-alpha release from activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with IC(50) values of 56+/-28 and 141+/-100 nM, respectively and had no significant effect on the activation of other human leukocytes, as neither neutrophils and eosinophils oxidative burst nor proliferation or cytokines production by T cells were inhibited in vitro. 3. PKF242-484 and PKF241-466 had beneficial effects in two different murine models of acute lung inflammation in vivo. The influx of neutrophils and lymphocytes into the airways was reduced 3 and 24 h after intranasal LPS challenge. This was accompanied by reduced levels of myeloperoxidase and elastase activities in the bronchoalveolar lavage. Furthermore, a complete inhibition of TNF-alpha release into the airways was observed. In addition, PKF242-484 effectively reduced the influx of neutrophils, eosinophils and lymphocytes in a model of acute allergic lung inflammation. 4. PKF242-484 and PKF241-466 are two novel and potent dual inhibitors of TACE and MMPs, which show activity in in vivo models of lung inflammation. Such compounds could have beneficial effects in airway inflammatory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Mechanism and therapy of cardiac arrhythmias in adults with congenital heart disease. (2005)

Over the past few decades, surgical advances have helped to prolong the lives of many young patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). However, as these patients reach adulthood, they are at risk for many late sequelae of their disease or of their corrective surgery. One of the unique challenges associated with CHD is the high incidence of cardiac arrhythmias that arise from the myocardial substrate created by abnormal pressure/volume changes, septal patches, and suture lines. Medical therapy has proven to be disappointing in treating a majority of these cases. Nonetheless, radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFA), an effective tool in treating atrial and ventricular arrhythmias in structurally normal hearts, has been used to treat arrhythmias in adults with congenital heart disease. This review will discuss some of the common congenital heart diseases in adults and the arrhythmias associated with them, as well as the therapeutic modalities used to treat them. Finally, it will present Mount Sinai Hospital's experience in using RFA for the management of cardiac arrhythmias in adults with congenital heart disease.
A weighted least squares method for inverse dynamic analysis (2007)

Internal forces in the human body can be estimated from measured movements and external forces using inverse dynamic analysis. Here we present a general method of analysis which makes optimal use of all available data, and allows the use of inverse dynamic analysis in cases where external force data is incomplete. The method was evaluated for the analysis of running on a partially instrumented treadmill. It was found that results correlate well with those of a conventional analysis where all external forces are known.
Construction of Block Orthogonal STBCs and Reducing Their Sphere Decoding Complexity (2012)

Construction of high rate Space Time Block Codes (STBCs) with low decoding complexity has been studied widely using techniques such as sphere decoding and non Maximum-Likelihood (ML) decoders such as the QR decomposition decoder with M paths (QRDM decoder). Recently Ren et al., presented a new class of STBCs known as the block orthogonal STBCs (BOSTBCs), which could be exploited by the QRDM decoders to achieve significant decoding complexity reduction without performance loss. The block orthogonal property of the codes constructed was however only shown via simulations. In this paper, we give analytical proofs for the block orthogonal structure of various existing codes in literature including the codes constructed in the paper by Ren et al. We show that codes formed as the sum of Clifford Unitary Weight Designs (CUWDs) or Coordinate Interleaved Orthogonal Designs (CIODs) exhibit block orthogonal structure. We also provide new construction of block orthogonal codes from Cyclic Division Algebras (CDAs) and Crossed-Product Algebras (CPAs). In addition, we show how the block orthogonal property of the STBCs can be exploited to reduce the decoding complexity of a sphere decoder using a depth first search approach. Simulation results of the decoding complexity show a 30% reduction in the number of floating point operations (FLOPS) of BOSTBCs as compared to STBCs without the block orthogonal structure.