gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RSS as a distribution medium for geo-spatial hypermedia (2005)

This paper describes how the XML based RSS syndication formats used in weblogs can be utilized as the distribution medium for geo-spatial hypermedia, and how this approach can be used to create a highly distributed multi-user annotation system for geo-spatial hypermedia. It is demonstrated, how the HyCon annotation model [2] can be formulated as a RSS 2.0 feed and how such feeds allow annotation threads to be distributed across multiple weblogs and servers.
A device for laser beam diffusion and homogenisation (1979)

With the advent of methods for the pulsed annealing of materials using laser radiation, it has become increasingly important to achieve good beam uniformity. The authors describe a device based upon a diffusing screen coupled to a light guide which accepts a multimode beam directly from a laser and, irrespective of input beam inhomogeneities, yields an output beam with an exceptionally flat and uniform intensity distribution. The optical efficiency of the device is high and the output radiation power density can be controlled by adjusting diffuser design parameters. Deleterious speckle patterns in the output beam can be virtually eliminated.
The field equivalence principle: illustration of the establishment of the non-intuitive null fields (2000)

The field equivalence principle, one of the fundamental concepts in electromagnetics, has numerous applications. However, for a beginning student, it is not easy to understand this concept thoroughly and to appreciate it. The dilemma faced by beginning students is illustrated. We have sources in a finite Region I, and an arbitrary mathematical surface separating Regions I and II. The equivalent problems for the exterior and interior regions are specified with the use of electric and magnetic equivalent currents impressed on the boundary surface. The acceptance of the establishment by the equivalent sources of the non-intuitive null field for the exterior problem (by the equivalent sources and the original source for the interior problem) is commonly bothersome and not comfortably realized. In order to clarify this, we revisit Love's and Schelkunoff s forms of the equivalence principle. Subsequently, we discuss two simple, analytically tractable illustrative examples, consisting of plane-wave fields in two half-space regions, separated by an infinite planar surface. In particular, the emphasis is on the establishment of the non-intuitive null fields developed by these equivalent sources. Various forms of equivalence are illustrated by simple analytical field expressions.
A scalable neural network architecture for board games (2008)

This paper proposes to use multi-dimensional recurrent neural networks (MDRNNs) as a way to overcome one of the key problems in flexible-size board games: scalability. We show why this architecture is well suited to the domain and how it can be successfully trained to play those games, even without any domain-specific knowledge. We find that performance on small boards correlates well with performance on large ones, and that this property holds for networks trained by either evolution or coevolution.
Calcineurin Phosphatase Activity and Immunosuppression. A Review on the Role of Calcineurin Phosphatase Activity and the Immunosuppressive Effect of Cyclosporin A and Tacrolimus (2003)

The mode of immunosuppressive action of tacrolimus (FK506) and cyclosporin A has been elucidated. Both drugs bind to proteins in the cytoplasm to form complexes, which in turn inhibit the phosphatase activity of calcineurin, an important limiting step in the activation of T cells. The association between drug uptake (pharmacokinetics) and enzyme inhibition (pharmacodynamics) is under current investigation. Great variations in the correlation between blood drug levels and enzyme inhibition could indicate that monitoring calcineurin phosphatase activity for treatment might be superior to monitoring blood drug levels.
Insomnia and the risk of depression: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies (2016)

This meta-analysis indicates that insomnia is significantly associated with an increased risk of depression, which has implications for the prevention of depression in non-depressed individuals with insomnia symptoms.
Stereoselective glucal epoxide formation (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereoselective glucal epoxide formationCecilia H. Marzabadi and Christopher D. SpillingCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 14, 3761–3766Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00066a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00066a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1008Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Effect of Postchill Washing on Bacterial Counts of Broiler Chickens (1967)

THE presence of spoilage microorganisms and organisms of public health significance on the surface of processed poultry has resulted in continued research directed toward minimizing microbial incidence and development. Through the years in-plant chlorination (Goresline et al., 1951; Somers, 1951; Miller, 1953; Drewniak et al., 1954; Ziegler and Stadelman, 1955; and Mercer, 1964), antibiotics (summarized by Ayres, 1962), polyphosphates (Spencer and Smith, 1962; Elliot et al., 1964; and Steinhauer and Banwart, 1964) and changes in processing procedures (Ziegler and Stadelman, 1955; Essary et al., 1958; Thomson and Kotula, 1959; Essary and Howes, 1960; May, 1961; Kotula and Kinner, 1964; and Salzer, 1965) have been advocated for the control of these organisms. Chilling in continuous chillers has also been shown to reduce bacterial counts on chickens (Kotula et al., 1962). Because with water chilling, birds are placed in a common bath, the numbers of organisms on the birds’ surface is affected . . .
Automatic controls in building services (1988)

Until recently, the term “controls” was confined, in building services, to the thermostatic devices associated with the heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Nowadays, the definition is generally considered as encompassing the motor starter and control panels, energy management and building automation systems, lighting controls and, at least, the interfacing with fire, security and lift systems. Based on this premise, the review covers the range and applications of the automatic control systems now available, with a review of the state of the art, and some predictions as to the likely direction in future. The aim of the review is to provide an insight into current and future control systems. The intention is to enable electrical engineers to better co-ordinate their activities with their mechanical and HVAC colleagues who commonly specify the control systems which have to be integrated into the total services design. The topics reviewed include the effect of correct selection on the operation of the HVAC system, the electrical requirements of controls, guidelines on the application of controls to particular systems, coordination of effort between all the parties involved, the variations and scope of EMS/BAS and direct digital control, lighting control, and testing and commissioning.
Moisture proof columnar cesium iodide (CsI) layers for gas avalanche microdetectors (1999)

Cesium iodide columnar layers having a diameter of /spl ap/3 /spl mu/m, and wall spacing of /spl ap/1 /spl mu/m act as secondary electron emitters and can be used for detection of radiation: charged particles, X-rays and gamma rays. With a large enough electric field across the columnar layers, /spl ap/400 /spl mu/m in thickness, gas avalanche gain is evident when placed in a suitable gas, such as P10 or argon-ethane mixtures. The cesium iodide columns are damaged by ambient moisture. This damage can be prevented by evaporating protective layers of insoluble, low boiling point inorganic materials, such as mercuric iodide. Columnar layers with 20 nm coatings of mercuric iodide yield more than 30000 electrons on average when traversed by electrons from a /sup 90/Sr beta source.
A layered surface acoustic wave gas sensor based on a polyaniline/In2O3 nanofibre composite - eScholarship (2006)

A polyaniline/In2O3 nanofibre composite based layered surface acoustic wave ( SAW) sensor has been developed and investigated for different gases. Chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline in the presence of finely divided In2O3 was employed to synthesize a polyaniline nanofibre/In2O3 nanoparticle composite. The nanocomposite was deposited onto a layered ZnO/64 degrees YX LiNbO3 SAW transducer. The novel sensor was exposed to H-2, NO2 and CO gases. Fast response and recovery times with good repeatability were observed at room temperature.
Intramolecular Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reaction of 3,4-Alkadienyl Carbonates Mediated by Ti(O-<i>i</i>-Pr)<sub>4</sub>/2 <i>i</i>-PrMgCl Reagent. Efficient Synthesis of Optically Active β,γ-Unsaturated Esters with an α-Substituent (1996)

Treatment of 3,4-alkadienyl carbonates 2a-i with a low-valent titanium reagent diisopropoxy(eta(2)-propene)titanium (1), readily generated by the reaction of Ti(O-i-Pr)(4) with 2 i-PrMgCl, resulted in an intramolecular nucleophilic acyl substitution (INAS) reaction to afford vinyltitanium compounds 3 which, in turn, reacted with H(3)O(+), D(2)O, or iodine to give alpha-substituted beta,gamma-unsaturated esters 4 in good to excellent yields. The olefin moiety of the hydrolysis product 4 has (Z)-geometry mainly except for 4h. Starting from chiral 2f or 2g, the reaction proceeded stereospecifically to give optically active alpha-substituted beta,gamma-unsaturated ester 4f or 4g having (Z)-olefin geometry exclusively.
The United Kingdom: Threadneedle Street Ascendant (1996)

At the beginning of the 1970s, the United Kingdom stood out from its counterparts in the OECD. Banking functioned in the absence of any specific statute defining what banking entailed, how it was to be supervised, and under what set of rules it should function. The securities business operated under similarly minimal rules defined in companies and prevention of fraud legislation. Where supervision took place, it came from the Bank of England where the ‘Old Lady of Threadneedle Street’ preferred to use a light, informal touch. Confident in its ability to stay abreast of market developments and of problem firms operating in these markets, the Bank used its considerable reputation and its informal powers to persuade recalcitrants to adopt appropriate behaviour. Historically, the Bank’s effectiveness in this role depended to some extent on the upper class origins and old school ties that united leading figures in the City, as London’s financial district is called, and the Bank.
Increased Suicidal Risk Among Smoking Schizophrenia Patients (2006)

Despite hints toward the role of smoking in suicidal behavior in Schizophrenia, especially among female patients, more studies are needed to elucidate the association between smoking and suicidality in schizophrenia patients.
Automatic Visualization of Abstract System Specifications (2006)

Complexity of hardware/software systems is continuously increasing. Formal specification is a methodology to ensure better quality of system specifications and to allow automated verification with tools like model checkers. Many formal specification approaches are known - ranging from programming languages to graphical specification tools. Each approach has its specific benefits. Usually, for abstract system and software specifications either table based or graphical notations are used. This paper presents a concept that leverages the advantages of both approaches by combining them in a single front-end. Both the table based and the graphical representation may be used for editing the specification. An automatic synchronization mechanism ensures that both representations are kept consistent. The implementation of the concept uses the table based formal language ADeVA and the Graphviz graph layout programs
Compact Video Synopsis via Global Spatiotemporal Optimization (2012)

Video synopsis aims at providing condensed representations of video data sets that can be easily captured from digital cameras nowadays, especially for daily surveillance videos. Previous work in video synopsis usually moves active objects along the time axis, which inevitably causes collisions among the moving objects if compressed much. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for compact video synopsis using a unified spatiotemporal optimization. Our approach globally shifts moving objects in both spatial and temporal domains, which shifting objects temporally to reduce the length of the video and shifting colliding objects spatially to avoid visible collision artifacts. Furthermore, using a multilevel patch relocation (MPR) method, the moving space of the original video is expanded into a compact background based on environmental content to fit with the shifted objects. The shifted objects are finally composited with the expanded moving space to obtain the high-quality video synopsis, which is more condensed while remaining free of collision artifacts. Our experimental results have shown that the compact video synopsis we produced can be browsed quickly, preserves relative spatiotemporal relationships, and avoids motion collisions.
Silica Induces Macrophage Cytokines through Phosphatidylcholine-Specific Phospholipase C with Hydrogen Peroxide (2006)

Silica particle-associated inflammation is implicated in the genesis of several pulmonary diseases, including silicosis and lung cancer. In this study we investigated the role of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) in silica-stimulated induction of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta and how PC-PLC activity is regulated by silica in a rat alveolar macrophage model. We demonstrated that inhibition of PC-PLC, which was achieved with tricychodecan-9-yl-xanthate (D609), blocked the silica-stimulated induction of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in alveolar macrophage, suggesting that PC-PLC is involved in the silica-associated inflammatory response. PC-PLC activity was increased significantly by silica exposure, and this could be inhibited by MnTBAP, which catalyzes both the dismutation of O2.- to O2 and H2O2 and the dismutation of H2O2 to O2 and H2O, revealing that PC-PLC activity is regulated in a redox-dependent manner. This is further confirmed by the finding that PC-PLC activity was increased by exogenous H2O2. The intracellular calcium chelator BAPTA blocked the H2O2-increased PC-PLC activity, while the calcium ionophore, A23187, enhanced PC-PLC activity. The data indicate that PC-PLC plays critical roles in the silica-associated inflammatory response and that PC-PLC is regulated through redox- and calcium-dependent manners in alveolar macrophages.
Anticoagulant activities of curcumin and its derivative (2012)

Curcumin, a polyphenol responsible for the yellow color of the curry spice turmeric, possesses antiinflammatory, antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activities. However, anticoagulant activities of curcumin have not been studied. Here, the anticoagulant properties of curcumin and its derivative (bisdemethoxycurcumin, BDMC) were determined by monitoring activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT) as well as cell-based thrombin and activated factor X (FXa) generation activities. Data showed that curcumin and BDMC prolonged aPTT and PT significantly and inhibited thrombin and FXa activities. They inhibited the generation of thrombin or FXa. In accordance with these anticoagulant activities, curcumin and BDMC showed anticoagulant effect in vivo. Surprisingly, these anticoagulant effects of curcumin were better than those of BDMC indicating that methoxy group in curcumin positively regulated anticoagulant function of curcumin. Therefore, these results suggest that curcumin and BDMC possess antithrombotic activities and daily consumption of the curry spice turmeric might help maintain anticoagulant status.
Adaptive Stress Testing: Finding Likely Failure Events with Reinforcement Learning (2020)

Finding the most likely path to a set of failure states is important to the analysis of safety-critical systems that operate over a sequence of time steps, such as aircraft collision avoidance systems and autonomous cars. In many applications such as autonomous driving, failures cannot be completely eliminated due to the complex stochastic environment in which the system operates. As a result, safety validation is not only concerned about whether a failure can occur, but also discovering which failures are most likely to occur. This article presents adaptive stress testing (AST), a framework for finding the most likely path to a failure event in simulation. We consider a general black box setting for partially observable and continuous-valued systems operating in an environment with stochastic disturbances. We formulate the problem as a Markov decision process and use reinforcement learning to optimize it. The approach is simulation-based and does not require internal knowledge of the system, making it suitable for black-box testing of large systems. We present different formulations depending on whether the state is fully observable or partially observable. In the latter case, we present a modified Monte Carlo tree search algorithm that only requires access to the pseudorandom number generator of the simulator to overcome partial observability. We also present an extension of the framework, called differential adaptive stress testing (DAST), that can find failures that occur in one system but not in another. This type of differential analysis is useful in applications such as regression testing, where we are concerned with finding areas of relative weakness compared to a baseline. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach on an aircraft collision avoidance application, where a prototype aircraft collision avoidance system is stress tested to find the most likely scenarios of near mid-air collision.
Thermal green protein, an extremely stable, nonaggregating fluorescent protein created by structure‐guided surface engineering (2014)

In this article, we describe the engineering and X-ray crystal structure of Thermal Green Protein (TGP), an extremely stable, highly soluble, non-aggregating green fluorescent protein. TGP is a soluble variant of the fluorescent protein eCGP123, which despite being highly stable, has proven to be aggregation-prone. The X-ray crystal structure of eCGP123, also determined within the context of this paper, was used to carry out rational surface engineering to improve its solubility, leading to TGP. The approach involved simultaneously eliminating crystal lattice contacts while increasing the overall negative charge of the protein. Despite intentional disruption of lattice contacts and introduction of high entropy glutamate side chains, TGP crystallized readily in a number of different conditions and the X-ray crystal structure of TGP was determined to 1.9 Å resolution. The structural reasons for the enhanced stability of TGP and eCGP123 are discussed. We demonstrate the utility of using TGP as a fusion partner in various assays and significantly, in amyloid assays in which the standard fluorescent protein, EGFP, is undesirable because of aberrant oligomerization.
A 1.6 GHz switch mode power amplifier with continuous-time bandpass delta-sigma modulator (2009)

A continuous-time bandpass delta-sigma modulator (CT BDSM) is designed and fabricated in a SiGe bipolar transistor technology with a transit frequency of 200 GHz. The modulator can be tuned in its center frequency from 1.55 GHz up to 2.45 GHz for mobile base station applications. To drive a GaN high power amplifier a driver amplifier is presented using a complementary bipolar transistor technology.
Synthetic biology tools for engineering Yarrowia lipolytica (2018)

The non-conventional oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica shows great industrial promise. It naturally produces certain compounds of interest but can also artificially generate non-native metabolites, thanks to an engineering process made possible by the significant expansion of a dedicated genetic toolbox. In this review, we present recently developed synthetic biology tools that facilitate the manipulation of Y. lipolytica, including 1) DNA assembly techniques, 2) DNA parts for constructing expression cassettes, 3) genome-editing techniques, and 4) computational tools.
Chimeric NK1 (substance P)/NK3 (neurokinin B) receptors. Identification of domains determining the binding specificity of tachykinin agonists. (1993)

The NK1 (substance P) and NK3 (neurokinin B) receptors are G protein-coupled receptors sharing approximately 70% identity within the membrane-spanning domains. However, they each have a distinct pharmacological profile in respect of peptide binding. To identify epitopes that determine their selectivity for natural and synthetic tachykinin peptides, we constructed a series of chimeric NK1/NK3 receptors in which carboxyl-terminal segments of increasing length in the NK1 receptor were exchanged with the corresponding segments from the NK3 receptor. The general, structural integrity of the chimeric constructs was confirmed by the amphibian tachykinin peptide, eledoisin, which was recognized equally well by both of the wild-type receptors and bound with a similar or even higher affinity to all the chimeric receptors. Competition binding studies showed that the affinity of the two natural ligands, substance P and neurokinin B, changed gradually through the series of chimeric receptors indicating that several binding epitopes throughout the receptor structure are involved in the selective recognition of these peptides. However, whereas the single, largest change in binding affinity for substance P occurred when segments in the amino-terminal end of the receptor were exchanged, this occurred for neurokinin B in the carboxyl-terminal end of the receptor. The affinity of the NK1-selective ligand, [Sar9,Met(O2)11]SP, changed even more gradually through the series of chimeric receptors than that of substance P. In contrast, the NK3-selective hexapeptide, senktide, was recognized only when transmembrane segment III and IV from the NK3 receptor were incorporated into the chimeric constructs. These data suggest that several receptor domains contribute to the binding specificity of tachykinin agonists but in varying degrees for each peptide. It is concluded that the tachykinin peptides, in partially different ways, interact with multiple epitopes scattered throughout the receptor structure, but conceivably these epitopes are closely located in space around a hypothetical receptor center.
A 2.45-GHz low cost and efficient rectenna (2010)

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