gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AEROSOL CLUSTERING IN OSCILLATING FLOWS: MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS (2005)

The current work presents a mathematical analysis of aerosol particle/droplet dynamics in periodically changing droplet-laden flows with nonzero mean velocity. The parameters for the model are taken from experimental studies reported in the literature and include the mean flow velocity and the amplitude and frequency of oscillations. On this basis, the governing equation of droplet motion is derived and solved. The solution indicates the existence of two regimes of droplet clustering. In the first regime, each droplet moves within a fixed cluster. In the other regime, the droplets can move from one cluster to another. A mathematical study helps to reveal the separate effects of various operating parameters on the droplet behavior. The two regimes are also identified in terms of a dimensionless parameter that is comprised of the carrier fluid flow characteristics and the droplet size. The performed analysis can provide an insight into the phenomena of droplet clustering, and can be useful in analyses of droplet behavior in various aerosol flows.
Adaptive Spatial Intercell Interference Cancellation in Multicell Wireless Networks (2009)

Downlink spatial intercell interference cancellation (ICIC) is considered for mitigating other-cell interference using multiple transmit antennas. A principle question we explore is whether it is better to do ICIC or simply standard single-cell beamforming. We explore this question analytically and show that beamforming is preferred for all users when the edge SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) is low ($<0$ dB), and ICIC is preferred when the edge SNR is high ($>10$ dB), for example in an urban setting. At medium SNR, a proposed adaptive strategy, where multiple base stations jointly select transmission strategies based on the user location, outperforms both while requiring a lower feedback rate than the pure ICIC approach. The employed metric is sum rate, which is normally a dubious metric for cellular systems, but surprisingly we show that even with this reward function the adaptive strategy also improves fairness. When the channel information is provided by limited feedback, the impact of the induced quantization error is also investigated. It is shown that ICIC with well-designed feedback strategies still provides significant throughput gain.
Interactive Effect of Stressful Life Events and the Serotonin Transporter 5-HTTLPR Genotype on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Diagnosis in 2 Independent Populations (2009)

Participants who had both childhood adversity and adult traumatic events were more likely to develop lifetime PTSD compared with those who experienced either type of adverse event. The risk was increased in individuals with 1 or 2 copies of the S' (S) allele compared with the L' (L) homozygotes. Our study provides additional direct evidence that PTSD is influenced by the interactive effect of environmental and genetic factors.
T-Shape Suspended Silicon Nitride Ring Resonator for Optical Sensing Applications (2015)

A T-shape suspended silicon nitride racetrack ring resonator sitting on a silicon dioxide pedestal is experimentally demonstrated. Compared with unsuspended device, it allows an enhanced interaction with the surrounded environment while maintaining a high quality factor. The resonator consists of a directional coupler with a waveguide width of 1.3 μm and a ring structure with curve radius of 20 μm. More than 1.6 × 104 quality factor at a wavelength of 1550.4 nm can be obtained, with a moderate extinction ratio of ~9.2 dB and a free-spectral range of 5.48 nm. The measured device sensitivity is ~247 nm/RIU. The device is expected to have a wide optical sensing application prospect.
A comparison of RNA folding measures (2005)

Due to the correlations between the different measures we find that it is sufficient to use only two of them in RNA folding studies, one to test if the sequence in question has lower energy than a random sequence with the same dinucleotide frequency (the Z-score) and the other to see if the sequence has a unique fold (the average base-pair distance, D).
Glycosidase inhibition: assessing mimicry of the transition state (2009)

Glycoside hydrolases, the enzymes responsible for hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond in di-, oligo- and polysaccharides, and glycoconjugates, are ubiquitous in Nature and fundamental to existence. The extreme stability of the glycosidic bond has meant these enzymes have evolved into highly proficient catalysts, with an estimated 10(17) fold rate enhancement over the uncatalysed reaction. Such rate enhancements mean that enzymes bind the substrate at the transition state with extraordinary affinity; the dissociation constant for the transition state is predicted to be 10(-22) M. Inhibition of glycoside hydrolases has widespread application in the treatment of viral infections, such as influenza and HIV, lysosomal storage disorders, cancer and diabetes. If inhibitors are designed to mimic the transition state, it should be possible to harness some of the transition state affinity, resulting in highly potent and specific drugs. Here we examine a number of glycosidase inhibitors which have been developed over the past half century, either by Nature or synthetically by man. A number of criteria have been proposed to ascertain which of these inhibitors are true transition state mimics, but these features have only be critically investigated in a very few cases.
c-myc Repression of <i>TSC2</i> Contributes to Control of Translation Initiation and Myc-Induced Transformation (2007)

The c-myc oncogene plays a key role in cellular growth control, and translation initiation factors are among the transcriptional targets of Myc. Here, we describe a defect in translation initiation control in myc-null cells due to alterations in the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Myc loss increased sensitivity to dominant inhibition of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E function. Polysomal profiles of myc(-/-) cells revealed decreased translation initiation rates, which were accompanied by decreased 40S/60S ribosomal subunit ratios. Because the 40S small ribosomal subunit contains the key regulatory ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6), we considered that myc loss might affect expression of components of the mTOR signaling pathway that regulate rpS6 function. Among mTOR signaling components, Myc directly affected transcription of tuberous sclerosis 2 (TSC2), as shown by quantitative mRNA analysis and by Myc binding to its promoter in chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Importantly, Myc acted as a strong and direct repressor for TSC2 expression because its loss increased TSC2 mRNA in myc-null and in HL60 shRNA experiments, activation of a mycER construct in myc(-/-) cells suppressed TSC2 induction in a myc box II-dependent manner, and mycER activation recruited Myc to the TSC2 promoter. The biological significance of the effect of Myc on TSC2 expression was shown by markedly reduced TSC2 mRNA levels in myc-transformed cells, stimulation of S6 kinase activity in myc-null cells by TSC2 siRNA, and decreased Myc-induced soft agar colony formation following retroviral transduction of TSC2. Together, these findings show that regulation of TSC2 can contribute to the effects of Myc on cell proliferation and neoplastic growth.
Pyrosequencing for Detection of Lamivudine-Resistant Hepatitis B Virus (2004)

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can cause severe liver disease, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Lamivudine is a relatively recent alternative to alpha interferon for the treatment of HBV infection, but unfortunately, resistance to lamivudine commonly develops during monotherapy. Lamivudine-resistant HBV mutants display specific mutations in the YMDD (tyrosine, methionine, aspartate, aspartate) motif of the viral polymerase (reverse transcriptase [rt]), which is the catalytic site of the enzyme, i.e., methionine 204 to isoleucine (rtM204I) or valine (rtM204V). The latter mutation is often accompanied by a compensatory leucine-to-methionine change at codon 180 (rtL180M). In the present study, a novel sequencing method, pyrosequencing, was applied to the detection of lamivudine resistance mutations and was compared with direct Sanger sequencing. The new pyrosequencing method had advantages in terms of throughput. Experiments with mixtures of wild-type and resistant viruses indicated that pyrosequencing can detect minor sequence variants in heterogeneous virus populations. The new pyrosequencing method was evaluated with a small number of patient samples, and the results showed that the method could be a useful tool for the detection of lamivudine resistance in the clinical setting.
Design and Testing of a Thermoacoustic Power Converter (2006)

Thermoacoustic engines convert heat into acoustic pressure waves with no moving parts; this inherently results in high reliability, low maintenance and low manufacturing costs. Significant increases in the performance of these devices have enabled rivalry with more mature energy conversion methods in both efficiency and power output. This optimal production of acoustic power can be ultimately used to achieve cryogenic temperatures in thermoacoustic refrigerators, or can be interfaced with reciprocating electro-acoustic power transducers to generate electricity.\n\nThis thesis describes the design, fabrication and testing of a Thermoacoustic Power Converter. The system interfaces a thermoacoustic-Stirling heat engine with a pair of linear alternators to produce 100 watts of electricity from a heat input. It operates with helium at 450 psig internal pressure and a hot side temperature of 1200F. Through thermoacoustic phenomena, these conditions sustain a powerful pressure wave at a system specific 100 Hz. This pressure wave is used to drive the two opposed linear alternators in equal and opposite directions to produce a single phase AC electrical output at that same system frequency. The opposing motion of the two alternators enables a vibration-balanced system. \n\nThe engine has created 110 watts of acoustic power and the complete Thermoacoustic Power Converter system has produced 70 watts of AC electricity. Compensating for some heat leaks, the converter reaches 26.3% heat to acoustic power efficiency and 16.8% heat to electric efficiency when those maximum values are achieved. This conversion of heat to acoustic power is 40% of the Carnot thermodynamic efficiency limit.
Multimode Communication Protocols Enabling Reconfigurable Radios (2005)

This paper focuses on the realization and application of a generic protocol stack for reconfigurable wireless communication systems. This focus extends the field of software-defined radios which usually concentrates on the physical layer. The generic protocol stack comprises common protocol functionality and behavior which are extended through specific parts of the targeted radio access technology. This paper considers parameterizable modules of basic protocol functions residing in the data link layer of the ISO/OSI model. System-specific functionality of the protocol software is realized through adequate parameterization and composition of the generic modules. The generic protocol stack allows an efficient realization of reconfigurable protocol software and enables a completely reconfigurable wireless communication system. It is a first step from side-by-side realized, preinstalled modes in a terminal towards a dynamic reconfigurable anymode terminal. The presented modules of the generic protocol stack can also be regarded as a toolbox for the accelerated and cost-efficient development of future communication protocols.
Experiment K-6-03. Gravity and skeletal growth, part 1. Part 2: Morphology and histochemistry of bone cells and vasculature of the tibia; Part 3: Nuclear volume analysis of osteoblast histogenesis in periodontal ligament cells; Part 4: Intervertebral disc swelling pressure associated with microgravity (1990)

Bone area, bone electrophysiology, bone vascularity, osteoblast morphology, and osteoblast histogenesis were studied in rats associated with Cosmos 1887. The results suggest that the synchronous animals were the only group with a significantly larger bone area than the basal group, that the bone electrical potential was more negative in flight than in the synchronous rats, that the endosteal osteoblasts from flight rats had greater numbers of transitional Golgi vesicles but no difference in the large Golgi saccules or the alkaline phosphatase activity, that the perioteal vasculature in the shaft of flight rats often showed very dense intraluminal deposits with adjacent degenerating osteocytes as well as lipid accumulations within the lumen of the vessels and sometimes degeneration of the vascular wall (this change was not present in the metaphyseal region of flight animals), and that the progenitor cells decreased in flight rats while the preosteoblasts increased compared to controls. Many of the results suggest that the animals were beginning to recover from the effects of spaceflight during the two day interval between landing and euthanasia; flight effects, such as the vascular changes, did not appear to recover.
Multi-view clustering for mining heterogeneous social network data (2009)

Paper presented at the Workshop on Information Retrieval over Social Networks, 31st European Conference on Information Retrieval (ECIR'09), Toulouse, France, April 6-9, 2009
Microbial decolourisation of pulp and paper mill effluent in presence of nitrogen and phosphorus by activated sludge process. (2001)

The effect of pH, nutrient and aeration was studied on the removal of colour and reduction of BOD, COD and heavy metals with addition of readily available source of nitrogen and phosphorus in concentration of 1.0 g/L. Recalcitrant compound was effectively degraded by active microbial consortia. The isolated bacteria were identified as Pseudomonas putida (S1), Citrobacter sp. (S4) and Enterobacter sp. (S5). These organisms not only decolourised effluent upto 97% but reduced BOD, COD, phenolics and sulfide upto 96.63, 96.80, 96.92 and 96.67% respectively within 24 hrs of aeration and the heavy metals were removed upto 82-99.80%. The TSS and TDS were sharply reduced due to degradation. The absorption maxima was also decreased to 90%. However, in control without the microbial consortium no noticeable change was produced.
George Paul Engelhardt (1871-1942) (1942)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
On the problem of finding all maximum weight independent sets in interval and circular-arc graphs (2002)

J.Y.-T. Leung (J. Algorithms, no.5, (1984)) presented algorithms for generating all the maximal independent sets in interval graphs and circular-arc graphs. The algorithms take O(n/sup 2/+ beta ) steps, where beta is the sum of the number of nodes in all maximal independent sets. The authors use a new technique to give fast and efficient algorithms for finding all the maximum weight independent sets in interval graphs and circular-arc graphs. The algorithms take O(max(n/sup 2/, beta )) steps in O(n/sup 2/) space, where beta is the sum of the number of nodes in all maximum weight independent sets. The algorithms can be directly applied for finding a maximum weight independent set in these graphs in O(n/sup 2/) steps. Thus, the result is an improvement over the best known result of O(n/sup 2/ log n) for finding the maximum weight independent set in circular-arc graphs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Differentiation dependent expression of tensin and cortactin in chicken osteoclasts (1995)

The expression and localization of tensin and cortactin were examined in osteoclast precursors in comparison with isolated osteoclasts on various substrates. Initially, the ability of hen monocytes to differentiate into osteoclasts was evaluated on plastic or glass, and compared to differentiation on bone. Specifically, monocytes were isolated from the medullary bones of egg-laying hens maintained on a Ca-deficient diet. Differentiation was monitored morphologically and by quantitation of the ability to form Howship's lacunae in bone slices or resorb radiolabeled bone particles of 20-53 microns diameter. These cells differentiated into tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive, bone resorbing, multinucleated syncytia in the presence of cytosine-1-beta-D-arabinofuranoside in a time dependent manner (day 1-6). Differentiation into osteoclast-like cells was similar whether cultured on plastic, on glass, or on bone. When compared to GAP-DH control levels, tensin and cortactin mRNA levels increased by 7- and 10-fold, respectively, by day 6. Tensin and cortactin protein levels also increased by 6- and 15-fold, respectively, by day 6. Immunofluorescence of differentiating precursors showed that tensin localized between regions of cell to cell contact and colocalized with vinculin in podosomes of osteoclast-like cells and of real osteoclasts. Cortactin immunofluorescence was not detectable in monocytes but localized inside tensin/vinculin podosome structures after fusion into osteoclast-like cells and in freshly isolated osteoclasts. Both tensin and cortactin were associated with attachment complexes used by osteoclast-like cells and osteoclasts to resorb bone. Specifically, punctate cortactin staining was observed inside tensin staining which formed a double ring structure at the membrane/bone interface of resorbing osteoclasts. These data showed that tensin and cortactin can be used as osteoclast differentiation markers, that participate in attachment complexes used to resorb bone, and that tensin may participate in the fusion process of osteoclast precursors.
The Continuous Dyeing of Secondary Cellulose Acetate, Cellulose Triacetate, and Terylene Polyester Fibre by the Vapocol Process (1957)

A continuous dyeing technique is described in which fabrics of secondary cellulose acetate, cellulose triacetate, and Terylene are padded with disperse dyes and, after being dried, are subsequently immersed in the saturated vapour of trichloroethylene for times up to 60 sec. to fix the dyes on the fibres. The exhaustion and the fastness properties of dyes fixed by this means on secondary cellulose acetate and cellulose triacetate fibres are at least equal to those obtained by conventional dyeing methods; dyeings on Terylene are limited to pale and medium depths on filament fabrics. The construction and the operation of a continuous plant handling 12‐in. wide fabrics at speeds up to 10 yd./min. are described. The process is suitable, without modification, for dyeing blends of these fibres with viscose rayon and cotton, making use of reactive dyes for the cellulosic component.
Controlled field trial of the effectiveness of cholera and cholera El Tor vaccines in Calcutta. (1967)

To assess the effectiveness of cholera vaccines, 2 controlled field trials were made in Calcutta-an endemic area-during 1964 and 1965. Three Indian vaccines of which 1 was grown on casein hydrolysate and 2 on agar, a freeze-dried vaccine from the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Washington, D.C., and an El Tor vaccine from the Philippines were used, with typhoid-paratyphoid (TAB) vaccine as a control. The 210 112 volunteers were vaccinated subcutaneously with a single dose of one of the vaccines.In the 1964 trial, the number of bacteriologically confirmed cases was not enough to show statistically significant differences in incidence between the 5 vaccine groups and the control group. However, the WRAIR freeze-dried vaccine protected about 40% of the vaccinees for 6 months after vaccination, although the efficacy was higher (57%) during the first 3 months than during the subsequent 3 months (28%). Agar-grown vaccine, produced by the Central Research Institute, Kasauli, was 37% efficacious.In the 1965 trial, owing to the small number of cases in the study area, the Kasauli vaccine was the only one to show statistically significant protection (40%).
The cost burden of oral, oral pharyngeal, and salivary gland cancers in three groups: commercial insurance, medicare, and medicaid (2012)

In the U.S., the cost of OC/OP/SG cancer is significant and may be the most costly cancer to treat in the U.S. The results of this analysis provide useful information to health care providers and decision makers in understanding the economic burden of head and neck cancer. Additionally, this cost information will greatly assist in determining the cost-effectiveness of new technologies and early detection systems. Earlier identification of cancers by patients and providers may potentially decrease health care costs, morbidity and mortality.
Suppression of p75NTR Does Not Promote Regeneration of Injured Spinal Cord in Mice (2004)

The neurotrophin receptor p75NTR is the coreceptor for Nogo receptor, mediating growth cone collapse in vitro by MAG, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (Omgp), and Nogo. Whether p75NTR plays any role in the failure of nerve regeneration in vivo is not known. Immunohistochemical data showed that p75NTR was expressed in only a very small subset of ascending sensory axons but not in any corticospinal axons in the dorsal column of either normal or injured spinal cord. Using p75NTR-deficient mice, we showed that the depletion of the functional p75NTR did not promote the regeneration of the descending corticospinal tract and ascending sensory neurons in the spinal cord 2 weeks after spinal cord injury. Local administration of p75NTR-Fc fusion molecule, the dominant-negative receptor to block the function of neurite outgrowth inhibitors, did not improve regeneration of ascending sensory neurons in the injured spinal cord. Our results suggest that p75NTR may not be a critical molecule mediating the function of myelin-associated inhibitory factors in vivo.
The reduction of wool keratin by tertiary phosphines (1966)

Reduction of the disulphide groups in wool keratin by various substituted phosphines has been studied. Tri(hydroxymethyl)phosphine and tri(diethylaminomethyl)phosphine effect considerable reduction but with these reagents side reactions also occur, probably due to the formation of formaldehyde, as they hydrolyse in aqueous solution. With tri-n-butylphosphine the reduction is apparently specific and nearly quantitative. Only a slight excess of this reductant is required.
Characterization of novel modified amorphous poly (ether sulphone)s (1994)

Abstract New high‐temperature amorphous polymers with chlorine, amine, and maleimide chain‐ends have been synthesized by nucleophilic polycondensation and fully characterized by 13 C‐NMR, 1 H‐NMR, and potentiometric titration. From chain‐end determination, number average molecular masses were calculated. It was confirmed that transetherification during the synthesis led to a randomized polymer of the monomer residues. For nominally amine‐ended polymers obtained by addition of m ‐aminophenol at the end of the synthesis, a small amount of hydroxyl chain‐ends was observed. This is ascribed also to transetherification. Complete reaction of the amine chain‐ends with maleic anhydride was demonstrated. Reaction of hydroxyl chain‐ends with acetic anhydride was also observed. The thermal stability of these different polymers was investigated; lower thermal stability was observed for amine and maleimide‐ended polymers. By two different methods, a T g around 270d°C was determined for these novel amorphous aromatic polymers. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.