gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantification of Spatial Vision in the Royal College of Surgeons Rat (2004)

Robust measures of vision can be achieved in RCS rats using the Visual Water Task, and with this test, no visual dysfunction can be detected in the background strain. The course of functional deterioration in dystrophic rats is highly predictable, allowing the approach to be used to explore the substrates of the deterioration in vision and to monitor the effects of therapeutic retinal interventions on spatial vision.
PECAM-1 (CD31) is expressed on proliferating endothelial cells, stromal spindle-shaped cells, and dermal dendrocytes in Kaposi's sarcoma (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1) is a 130-kd glycoprotein (CD31) found on the surface of platelets, endothelial cells, and peripheral blood cells such as neutrophils and monocytes.<sup>1-3</sup>Because of the expression on cultured endothelial cells and our interest in the reticuloendothelial cell system as it relates to Kaposi's sarcoma (KS),<sup>4,5</sup>we investigated the immunohistochemical staining pattern of CD31 in normal skin and cutaneous KS lesions. <h3>Subjects and Methods and Report of Results.—</h3> Six-millimeter punch biopsy specimens of skin (five normal healthy volunteers and four KS patch/plaque lesions from three different male patients, two with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and one with classic KS) were obtained after informed consent. The biopsy specimens were snap frozen in liquid nitrogen. A portion of a dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans was also obtained for comparison with the KS staining. Peripheral blood monocytes were obtained from the Ficoll-Hypaque interface of defibrinized venous
<title>Adaptive Sensitivity TDI CCD sensor</title> (1996)

The pixel-level adaptive sensitivity technology enables image sensors to acquire wide dynamic range scenes without loss of detail, by adjusting the sensitivity of each individual pixel according to the intensity of light incident upon it. An adaptive sensitivity TDI (time delay and integrate) CCD sensor test circuit has been designed and fabricated. The sensor comprises 18 TDI integration stages, with a horizontal resolution of 32 pixels. The level of charge integrated in each pixel is monitored as the pixel charge packet progresses across the TDI array. If the charge accumulates to above a certain threshold level, the pixel is discharged. Such 'conditional reset' mechanisms are inserted after the thirteenth stage and again after the seventeenth stage. Thus, each individual pixel may be integrated over either 1, 5, or all 18 stages. Since in TDI scanning, as in all linear imaging situations, there is no concept of 'frames' and each pixel is imaged only once, the intensity sensing and the decision on how long to integrate must be performed 'on the fly.' But, while in regular linear sensors the perpendicular fill factor is unlimited and complex control circuits may be placed next to the detectors, the two dimensional nature of TDI sensors presents much more demanding architectural and circuit challenges.
Detection of binding sites for biotinylated neoglycoproteins and heparin (endogenous lectins) during cerebellar ontogenesis in the rat. (1990)

Endogenous carbohydrate-binding sites were studied during rat cerebellar development on sections of fixed tissue using synthetic tools, biotinylated neoglycoproteins, in conjunction with subsequent avidinperoxidase staining. Neoglycoproteins were constructed by chemically coupling the histochemically pivotal carbohydrate moieties to an inert carrier protein. The sugar part of the neoglycoproteins included common constituents of the carbohydrate part of cellular glycoconjugates, namely mannose, galactose, fucose, N-acetyl-glucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetyl-neuraminic acid to probe for the presence of respective endogenous receptors. Heparin was biotinylated after mild cyanogen bromide activation and aminoalkylation. Specific positive reactions were obtained for all neoglycoproteins and heparin. The staining pattern with the individual probes disclosed variable developmental regulation. Consequently, these results suggest that recognition processes during cerebellar development may include several types of carbohydrate determinants. In two instances, the binding of neoglycoproteins could be compared to endogenous lectin-specific antibodies. Despite a significant extent of accordance the comparison revealed notable differences. These differences were attributed primarily to fixation and the presence of physiological ligands that can mask the active endogenous carbohydrate-binding proteins. In any case, histochemical application of labeled neoglycoproteins is valuable to discern the presence, localization and developmental pattern of binding sites for the carbohydrate part of glycoconjugates, on which further biochemical and cell biological studies can consequently be based.
A putative ATP-dependent RNA helicase involved in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ribosome assembly. (1992)

We have isolated a cold-sensitive mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in which there is a deficit of 60S ribosomal subunits. Cold sensitivity and the assembly defect are recessive and cosegregate, defining a single essential gene that we designated DRS1 (deficiency of ribosomal subunits). The wild-type DRS1 gene was cloned by complementation of the cold-sensitive phenotype of drs1. Sequence analysis reveals a high degree of similarity to a family of proteins that are thought to function as ATP-dependent RNA helicases. Pulse-chase analysis of ribosomal RNA synthesis and processing indicates that the drs1 mutant accumulates the 27S precursor of the mature 25S rRNA. These results suggest that, as in pre-mRNA splicing, RNA helicase activities are involved in ribosomal RNA processing.
Morphing aircraft concepts, classifications, and challenges (2004)

A morphing aircraft can be defined as an aircraft that changes configuration to maximize its performance at radically different flight conditions. These configuration changes can take place in any part of the aircraft, e.g. fuselage, wing, engine, and tail. Wing morphing is naturally the most important aspect of aircraft morphing as it dictates the aircraft performance in a given flight condition, and has been of interest to the aircraft designers since the beginning of the flight, progressing from the design of control surfaces to the variable-sweep wing. Recent research efforts (mainly under DARPA and NASA sponsorships) however, are focusing on even more dramatic configuration changes such as 200% change in aspect ratio, 50% change in wing area, 5o change in wing twist, and 20o change in wing sweep to lay the ground work for truly multi-mission aircraft. Such wing geometry and configuration changes, while extremely challenging, can be conceptually achieved in a variety of ways - folding, hiding, telescoping, expanding, and contracting a wing, coupling and decoupling multiple wing segments, etc. These concepts can be classified under a few 'independent' categories and sub-categories so as to permit a systematic evaluation of benefits and challenges. This paper presents: 1) a review of prior work leading to current R&D efforts, 2) classification of morphing designs, and 3) a summary of technical challenges encountered in designing a morphing aircraft.
Hypervitaminosis D Associated with Drinking Milk (1992)

Hypervitaminosis D may result from drinking milk that is incorrectly and excessively fortified with vitamin D. Milk that is fortified with vitamin D must be carefully monitored.
Role of Peroxiredoxins in Regulating Intracellular Hydrogen Peroxide and Hydrogen Peroxide-induced Apoptosis in Thyroid Cells (2000)

Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) play an important role in regulating cellular differentiation and proliferation in several types of mammalian cells. One mechanism for this action involves modulation of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-mediated cellular responses. This report examines the expression of Prx I and Prx II in thyroid cells and their roles in eliminating H(2)O(2) produced in response to thyrotropin (TSH). Prx I and Prx II are constitutively expressed in FRTL-5 thyroid cells. Prx I expression, but not Prx II expression, is stimulated by exposure to TSH and H(2)O(2). In addition, methimazole induces a high level of Prx I mRNA and protein in these cells. Overexpression of Prx I and Prx II enhances the elimination of H(2)O(2) produced by TSH in FRTL-5 cells. Treatment with 500 micrometer H(2)O(2) causes apoptosis in FRTL-5 cells as evidenced by standard assays of apoptosis (i.e. terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling, BAX expression, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Overexpression of Prx I and Prx II reduces the amount of H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis measured by these assays. These results suggest that Prx I and Prx II are involved in the removal of H(2)O(2) in thyroid cells and can protect these cells from undergoing apoptosis. These proteins are likely to be involved in the normal physiological response to TSH-induced production of H(2)O(2) in thyroid cells.
An Efficient Method for High Quality and Cohesive Topical Phrase Mining (2018)

A phrase is a natural, meaningful, and essential semantic unit. In topic modeling, visualizing phrases for individual topics is an effective way to explore and understand unstructured text corpora. However, from phrase quality and topical cohesion perspectives, the outcomes of existing approaches remain to be improved. Usually, the process of topical phrase mining is twofold: phrase mining and topic modeling. For phrase mining, existing approaches often suffer from order sensitive and inappropriate segmentation problems, which make them often extract inferior quality phrases. For topic modeling, traditional topic models do not fully consider the constraints induced by phrases, which may weaken the cohesion. Moreover, existing approaches often suffer from losing domain terminologies since they neglect the impact of domain-level topical distribution. In this paper, we propose an efficient method for high quality and cohesive topical phrase mining. A high quality phrase should satisfy frequency, phraseness, completeness, and appropriateness criteria. In our framework, we integrate quality guaranteed phrase mining method, a novel topic model incorporating the constraint of phrases, and a novel document clustering method into an iterative framework to improve both phrase quality and topical cohesion. We also describe efficient algorithmic designs to execute these methods efficiently. The empirical verification demonstrates that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods from the aspects of both interpretability and efficiency.
지방분권정책의 오뒷세이아 :자치경찰, 교육자치, 특별지방행정기관을 중심으로 (2016)

본 논문은 자치행정 20년을 맞이하여 역대 정부가 주요 지방분권 정책으로 추진해 오고 있으나 아직도 논쟁중인 주요 정책들 -자치경찰, 교육자치, 특별지방행정기관- 에 대하여 효과성, 민주성, 대응성이라는 평가기준에 의해서 분석하였다. 1995년 새롭게 명실상부한 자치행정을 실시한지 20년 동안 군사정부, 문민정부, 국민의 정부, 참여정부, 이명박정부, 그리고 박근혜정부에 이르고 있다. 본 논문은 국민의 정부, 참여정부, 이명박정부에서의 3대 주요 지방분권정책에 대하여 평가하고자 한다. 이러한 지방분권정책은 지역주민들의 실리를 위한 제도적 틀이라는 점에서 중요하고, 지역주민들의 삶과 밀접한 관련을 맺고 있는 정책들이기 때문에 지방분권의 ‘명분’에서 벗어나 ‘실리’를 추구하는 방향으로 분권정책을 전개해야 한다는 점에서 자못 연구의 의의가 있다고 할 수 있다.
HUMB: Automatic Key Term Extraction from Scientific Articles in GROBID (2010)

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-entific research documents, whether they are pub-lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et a ̀ la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Occlusion-based Methodology for the Classification of Lidar Data (2009)

Lidar systems have been widely adopted for the acquisition of dense and accurate topographic data over extended areas. The level of detail and the quality of the collected point cloud motivated the research community to investigate the possibility of automatic object extraction from such data. Prior knowledge of the terrain surface will improve the performance of object detection and extraction procedures. In this paper, a new strategy for automatic terrain extraction from lidar data is presented. The proposed strategy is based on the fact that sudden elevation changes, which usually correspond to non-ground objects, will cause relief displacements in perspective views. The introduced relief displacements will occlude neighboring ground points. To start the process, we generate a digital surface model (DSM) from the irregular lidar points using an interpolation procedure. The presence of sudden-elevation changes and the resulting occlusions can be discerned by sequentially checking the off-nadir angles to the lines of sight connecting the DSM cells and a pre-defined set of synthesized projection centers. Detected occlusions are then used to identify the occluding points, which are hypothesized to be non-ground points. Surface roughness and discontinuities together with inherent noise in the point cloud will lead to some false hypotheses. Therefore, we use a statistical filter to remove these false hypotheses. The performance of the algorithm has been evaluated and verified using both simulated and real lidar datasets with varying levels of complexity.
Comprehensive DNA Methylation and Extensive Mutation Analyses of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer (2015)

Genes involved in cancer-related pathways were frequently affected not only by genetic but also by epigenetic alterations in HER2-positive breast cancer.
Surveillance of epilepsy and prevention of epilepsy and its sequelae (2013)

Future epilepsy surveillance should track incidence and prevalence over time, access to epilepsy care, direct and indirect costs, and the cost-effectiveness of treatment. Prevention efforts to decrease the occurrence of epilepsy and improve access and effectiveness of care will ameliorate adverse outcomes in epilepsy.
Transporter gene families in plants: the sulphate transporter gene family — redundancy or specialization? (2003)

Analysis of the Arabidopsis genome has indicated that the gene families encoding for specific solute transporters are surprisingly large. An example is the sulphate transporter family, which in Arabidopsis , consists of 14 isoforms showing homology to one another. H + ‐sulphate co‐transport has been demonstrated for some, but not all, of these Arabidopsis isoforms. Occurrence of the sulphate transporter is ubiquitous and many examples have been cloned from a variety of plant species, animals and yeast. This is a unique transporter family with no apparent homology to any other transporter type. Phylogenetic analysis of the plant gene or amino acid sequences indicates that there are 5 or more distinguishable clusters within the family of sulphate transporters. Analysis of functional characteristics and patterns of regulation together with localization data, suggests that these groups have specific roles, such as high affinity uptake in the root, translocation in vascular tissues and cell to cell transfer in leaves and seeds. Additionally, some members of this sulphate transporter family may have discrete subcellular locations in plastid or tonoplast membranes. Within individual groups, there are often multiple isoforms from the same species, indicating an even greater degree of specialization or alternatively, redundancy. This mini‐review will summarize the available data to distinguish between specialization and redundancy.
Reexpression of the Original Tumor Pattern by a Human Breast Carcinoma Cell Line (MCF-7) in Sponge Culture 2 (1976)

A stable cell line (MCF-7), derived from a pleural effusion of a patient with metastatic breast carcinoma, was maintained in these laboratories for more than 3 years in conventional monolayer culture. To further characterize the tumor origin of the MCF-7 line, cells were grown on collagen-coated cellulos sponges. On the three-dimensional sponge matrix, the cells formed clusters, ductlike structures, and lumina similar to the patterns observed in the antecedent primary tumor and in the pleural metastasis. The similarity between the original tumor and the cells grown in sponge suggested that the MCF-7 cells did in fact retain the potential to express the histologic patterns of tumor, even in the absence of stroma support. This study confirmed the utility of sponge culture for the investigation of the retention of tumor characteristics by cultured cells of neoplastic origin.
The potential of 5-hydryoxytryptophan for hot flash reduction: a hypothesis. (2005)

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is contraindicated in women with a history of breast cancer or a high risk of breast cancer development. Recent results from large clinical trials, such as the Women's Health Initiative, have demonstrated increased risks of thromboembolic events and a moderate increased risk of breast cancer in women using conjugated estrogens and progestogens. There is a need for viable non-hormonal alternative treatments to HRT, such as nutritional and botanical therapies, in this population of women, who tend to experience more significant vasomotor symptoms. Safe and effective therapies that do not stimulate breast cell proliferation could prove extremely useful for the management of such symptoms for women in both low- and high-risk breast cancer populations. As a non-hormonal treatment, anti-depressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), have been shown to improve hot flash symptoms in women. The proposed mechanism is related to an increase in serotonin allowing for an increase in the set point of the brain's thermoregulator. In small clinical studies, the administration of tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5HTP), the precursors of serotonin, have been shown to reduce depressive symptoms, possibly by enhancing the synthesis of serotonin. Thus, increased serotonin levels may have the ability to decrease hot flashes in a mechanism similar to that of SSRIs without the risks of breast cell stimulation. This would be particularly desirable for menopausal women with breast cancer or with risks of breast cancer. This article discusses the background information on hot flashes, SSRIs, tryptophan, and 5HTP, and possible clinical application of 5HTP for menopausal women with breast cancer risk.
Photopolymerization of Dendritic Acrylated Aromatic/Aliphatic Polyesters and Properties of Their Cured Films (2002)

The radiative curable dendritic acrylated aromatic/aliphatic polyesters based on pentaerythritol, 1,2,4-benzenetricaboxylic anhydride and epoxy propane modified with acryloyl chloride were synthesized via a divergent procedure, and their photopolymerization kinetics was studied by photo-differential scanning calorimetry. The mechanical properties and the morphology of the fracture surface of the cured dendritic polyester films were investigated by means of dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy, respectively.
Neue <i>S</i>‐Schutzgruppen für Cystein (1968)

Abstract Verschiedene S ‐tert.‐Aralkyl‐Derivate des Cysteins ( 4a–g , 2a , b , 3a , 11 , 12 ) wurden hergestellt. Sie lassen sich in bekannter Weise in Esterhydrochloride, in N ‐Benzyloxycarbonyl‐, N ‐tert.‐Butyloxycarbonyl‐ und N ‐Phthalyl‐Verbindungen und deren aktivierte Ester, z. B. 4‐Nitro‐phenylester, überführen. Aus diesen Verbindungen können nach bekannten Methoden Peptide erhalten werden. Die selektive Entfernung der N ‐Schutzgruppen mittels HCl/Eisessig, HBr/Eisessig oder Hydrazin ist möglich. Die neuen S ‐Schutzgruppen sind auch gegen Alkali und Amine stabil; ihre Abspaltung gelingt mit siedender Trifluoressigsäure auch ohne Zusatz eines Kationen bindenden Reagens wie Anisol.
Produksi Artemisinin melalui Kultur Pucuk Artemisia cina Berg ex Poljakov = The Artemisinin Production by Shoot Culture Artemisia cina Berg ex Poljakov (2003)

The limited number of pixels and their quantized phase modulation values limit the positioning accuracy when a phase-only one dimensional spatial light modulator (SLM) is used for beam steering. Applying the straightforward recipe for finding the optimal setting of the SLM pixels, based on individually optimizing the field contribution from each pixel to the field in the steering position, the inaccuracy can be a significant fraction of the diffraction limited spot size. This is especially true in the vicinity of certain steering angles where precise positioning is particularly difficult. However, by including in the optimization of the SLM setting an extra degree of freedom, we show that the steering accuracy can be drastically improved by a factor proportional to the number of pixels in the SLM. The extra degree of freedom is a global phase offset of all the SLM pixels which takes on a different value for each steering angle. Beam steering experiments were performed with the SLM being set both according to the conventional and the new recipe, and the results were in very good agreement with the theoretical predictions.
Basic culture methods. (1995)

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the basic culture methods of the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) system. The nematode C. elegans is a small, rapidly growing organism that can easily be raised in the laboratory on the bacterium Escherichia coli. Because C. elegans is a self-fertilizing hermaphrodite, it is possible to grow large quantities of the organism in swirling liquid cultures, and possible to propagate severely incapacitated mutants. The rapidity of growth and the ability to self-fertilize necessitate special measures to establish a synchronous culture. C. elegans grows rapidly and is most fecund at 20°C. Growth at 16 and 25°C provides some control over the rate of growth and the facility to work with temperature-sensitive mutants. Gram quantities of nematodes can be prepared by growth on petri plates, or by rotary shaking in a flask at controlled temperatures. Petri plate methods are economical and require no special equipment. Large quantities of nematodes are more easily prepared in fermentor-like devices. Fementors offer the advantage of scalability, minimizing the number of parallel cultures required to grow a large quantity of worms.
Spin injection across a hybrid heterojunction: Theoretical understanding and experimental approach (invited) (2002)

Spin injection across a hybrid ferromagnet/semiconductor junction has proven to be difficult, unlike in an all-metal junction used in giant magnetoresistance devices. The difference responsible is highlighted in a simple model. We perform spin-injection-detection experiments on devices with two ferromagnetic contacts on a two-dimensional electron gas confined in an InAs quantum well. We demonstrate that spin injection allows the hybrid device to combine both the advantage of the ferromagnet as well as that of the semiconductor.