gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of Implanted Boron Atoms in Silicon Wafers by Infrared Semiconductor Laser Annealing Using Carbon Films as Optical Absorption Layers (2007)

We report continuous wave (CW) IR semiconductor laser annealing for the activation of boron atoms implanted into an n-type Si wafer with diamond-like carbon (DLC) films as optical absorption layers. Boron atoms were implanted at 10 keV at doses of 5×1014, 1×1015, and 1.5×1015 cm-2. The depth at the boron concentration of 1018 cm-2 was 50 nm. Samples were annealed by irradiation at 66.5–80.5 kW/cm2 and 2.6 ms. The sheet resistance of the sample markedly decreased to 531 Ω/sq for implantation at 1.5×1015 cm-2 by laser annealing. Boron atoms were almost completely activated at a carrier density near the boron concentration for implantation at 10 keV. The largest diffusion length of boron atoms was 3 nm.
Human histologic and histomorphometric analyses of hydroxyapatite-coated implants after 10 years of function: a case report. (2005)

In a patient in whom prosthetic treatment was appropriately performed and proper plaque control was maintained, the HA coating was not damaged and contributed to the success of the implant over 10 years of clinical functioning.
Socio economic development in Haryana- A district level analysis (2011)

The standard development theory states that when an economy attains a specified level of growth, agriculture sector gradually starts losing its significance in terms of contribution to national income, whereas industrial and service sector start gaining in terms of their role in the same. Similar is the case with Haryana. From a relatively backward and predominantly agricultural state at the time of its formation in 1966, Haryana has steadily risen to its pre-eminent position in industrial sphere as well. This change is not restricted to growth, but diversification has also taken place on a large scale. Principle occupation in Haryana is agriculture and allied activities. But, over the years the share of agriculture and allied activities has gone down and that of secondary and territory has increased. In this paper an attempt is made to construct a composite index of development for districts of Haryana and to classify the districts into different stages of development such as highly developed district, Moderate developed district and less developed district. Our analysis speaks that the development in state has remained mainly confined to the ‘Golden Triangle’ of Gurgaon -Faridabad- Panipat, the districts of Northern Haryana are now far ahead of their Southern counterparts in terms of development.
Measurement of the electronic<i>g</i>factor of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1988)

Ion trapping and spin-dependent charge-exchange techniques were used to determine the electron g factor of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}^{+}$ as a first step to provide a precise test of the theory of molecular g factors. Accessible to us were the vibrational states 4, 5, and 6. Averaged over these vibrational states we obtain g(v=4,5,6) =2.002 2837(18) 7(18) in agreement with the corresponding theoretical value of g=2.002 282 8(8). As a by-product we have measured the rotational g factor to be ${g}_{\mathrm{rot}=0.920(40)}$, compared with the calculated value of ${g}_{\mathrm{rot}=0.9244}$.
Effect of Solvent on Spectra. VI. Detection of the Solvent Effect on Molecular Conformation or Shape through Z-Values (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of Solvent on Spectra. VI. Detection of the Solvent Effect on Molecular Conformation or Shape through Z-ValuesEdward M. Kosower, Guey-Shuang Wu, and Theodore S. SorensenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 14, 3147–3154Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01475a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01475a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views112Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
RECENT PROGRESS IN THE USE OF HYPERVALENT IODINE REAGENTS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. A REVIEW (1997)

(1997). RECENT PROGRESS IN THE USE OF HYPERVALENT IODINE REAGENTS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. A REVIEW. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 409-458.
‘TL’ rooting promotor stimulates the rooting of four kinds of ornamental plants (1997)

The rooting of cuttings of Michelia figo, Chamaecyparis pisifera Endt var, squarrose, Dendranthema morifolium and Rhododendron mollicomum were studied. It was showed that ‘TL’ rooting promotor significantly increased the percentage of rooting cuttings and the number of roots per cutting, the roots were long and had much more branches. The results demostrated that ‘TL’ rooting promotor is more effective than indole dutyric acid in stimulating rooting.
On the relationship between capacity and distance in an underwater acoustic communication channel (2006)

Path loss of an underwater acoustic communication channel depends not only on the transmission distance, but also on the signal frequency. As a result, the useful bandwidth depends on the transmission distance, a feature that distinguishes an underwater acoustic system from a terrestrial radio one. This fact influences the design of an acoustic network: a greater information throughput is available if messages are relayed over multiple short hops instead of being transmitted directly over one long hop.We asses the bandwidth dependency on the distance using an analytical method that takes into account physical models of acoustic propagation loss and ambient noise. A simple, single-path time-invariant model is considered as a first step. To assess the fundamental bandwidth limitation, we take an information-theoretic approach and define the bandwidth corresponding to optimal signal energy allocation -- one that maximizes the channel capacity subject to the constraint that the transmission power is finite. Numerical evaluation quantifies the bandwidth and the channel capacity, as well as the transmission power needed to achieve a pre-specified SNR threshold, as functions of distance. These results lead to closed-form approximations, which may become useful tools in the design and analysis of acoustic networks.
Obesity and risk of ovarian cancer subtypes: evidence from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (2013)

Whilst previous studies have reported that higher BMI increases a woman's risk of developing ovarian cancer, associations for the different histological subtypes have not been well defined. As the prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically, and classification of ovarian histology has improved in the last decade, we sought to examine the association in a pooled analysis of recent studies participating in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium. We evaluated the association between BMI (recent, maximum and in young adulthood) and ovarian cancer risk using original data from 15 case-control studies (13 548 cases and 17 913 controls). We combined study-specific adjusted odds ratios (ORs) using a random-effects model. We further examined the associations by histological subtype, menopausal status and post-menopausal hormone use. High BMI (all time-points) was associated with increased risk. This was most pronounced for borderline serous (recent BMI: pooled OR=1.24 per 5 kg/m(2); 95% CI 1.18-1.30), invasive endometrioid (1.17; 1.11-1.23) and invasive mucinous (1.19; 1.06-1.32) tumours. There was no association with serous invasive cancer overall (0.98; 0.94-1.02), but increased risks for low-grade serous invasive tumours (1.13, 1.03-1.25) and in pre-menopausal women (1.11; 1.04-1.18). Among post-menopausal women, the associations did not differ between hormone replacement therapy users and non-users. Whilst obesity appears to increase risk of the less common histological subtypes of ovarian cancer, it does not increase risk of high-grade invasive serous cancers, and reducing BMI is therefore unlikely to prevent the majority of ovarian cancer deaths. Other modifiable factors must be identified to control this disease.
High-speed electro-optic analogue to digital converters (2002)

Interleaved architectures can substantially increase the speed of analogue-to-digital converters (ADCs). Problems of timing jitter have limited the maximum speed of all-electronic ADCs to about 1 Gs/s. An optoelectronic solution is proposed which will remove this restriction and fully exploit the potential of the interleaved architecture. Fully integrated optically triggered sample-and-hold circuits are fabricated for the first time, using GaAs MESFET technology. Preliminary test results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Vacuum nano-hole array embedded organic light emitting diodes (2013)

We demonstrated a nano-hole array (NHA) embedded structure that was fabricated for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) using a robust reverse transfer process. The NHA structure is proposed in this study as a strategy for maximizing the diffraction strength of two dimensional photonic crystals (PCs) by engineering vacuum nano-holes inside a dielectric slab. The electroluminescence (EL) intensity of the OLED was improved by more than twice. Such an optical enhancement was evaluated by using the angular dependence of photoluminescence (PL). The FDTD simulation was carried out to optimize the NHA structure for extraction of the emission induced from both vertical and horizontal dipoles. We explored the effect of the NHA structure on the extraction improvement converted from waveguide mode by measuring EL intensities of the devices with a hemisphere lens. In addition, the transfer process employed in this study yielded extremely low surface roughness, and thus outstanding electrical characteristics.
Sieve Email Filtering: Vacation Extension (2008)

This document describes an extension to the Sieve email filtering
language for an autoresponder similar to that of the Unix vacation
command for replying to messages. Various safety features are included
to prevent problems such as message loops. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
Structure and expression of the hepatitis B virus genome. (1981)

By fusion of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) gene to that of the E. coli lac Z gene carried by a phage lambda derivative, expression of HBsAg antigenic determinants was obtained and carried by a 138,000 dalton fusion polypeptide. Such a protein could be ultimately useful for second generation vaccine production. HBsAg gene expression was studied in eukaryotic cells using the mouse L cell (tk-) system. Cotransformation using a plasmid carrying two copies of the HBV genome in a tandem, head-to-tail arrangement (pCP10) and the cloned HSV-1 tk gene resulted in the excretion of 22 nm HBsAg particles in the supernatant. No other HBV markers were detected. These particles possess the same characteristics as the human serum particles (morphology, diameter, density, antigenicity). The purified HBsAg particles from L cells were found to be highly immunogenic in mice. HBV mRNA transcripts from these cells were analysed by Northern blotting. A major species of 2,300 bases was detected. This was mapped on the genome by hybridization with subgenomic fragments and in the L cell system using a series of plasmid derivatives carrying insertions at specific sites in the HBV genome and assaying for HBsAg expression. Thus the HBsAg gene promotor was localized between positions 2,400-2,800. Indeed there is only one TATA like sequence in this region, starting at position 2,776.
Chemical Strengthening of Glass (1963)

Although man has known for centuries that glass had potentially large mechanical capabilities, he had been content, until rather recently, to accept the fragility of bulk glass. Annealing, the first step in making glass a useful material, enabled him to make articles with strengths adequate for satisfactory service. Physical tempering provided the next big advance, permitting strengths more than three times those of annealed glass in simple shapes. Today, chemical strengthening is a real possibility for producing glass articles, regardless of design, more than three times the strength of physically tempered ware.
Studies on Polymeric Dyes. II. : Azo Dyes.(1) (1969)

Various polymeric azodyes were synthesized accoriding to the following method : m-aminostyrene, o-, m- and p-aminomethacryl anilides and m- and p-aminophenolmeth-acrylates were diazotized and then coupled with β-naphthol and H-acid. Theazodyes thus obtained were polymerized with IBN. They were examined as for their stabilities to light, heat, oxidation and reduction, dying property and acute toxicity. According to the results, we have found that polymeric azodyes were more suitable for food dyes than the monomeric ones.
Investigation on precoding techniques in E-UTRA and proposed adaptive precoding scheme for MIMO systems (2008)

Codebook based multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) precoding can significantly improve the system spectral efficiency with limited feedback and has been accepted as one of the most promising techniques for the Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA). In this paper, firstly, we investigate precoding techniques through system-level simulation in EUTRA environment including various precoding modes, precoding methods and codebooks. Then, to further exploit the system performance in universal environments, an adaptive MIMO precoding scheme is proposed, in which different precoding modes including single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) and multiple-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), precoding methods including unitary precoding (UP) and zero-forcing beamforming (ZF-BF) for MU-MIMO, and codebooks including Grassmannian codebook and DFT codebook for MU-MIMO with ZF-BF, are semi-statically switched based on long-term information, system load and channel statistics. Particularly, the proposed scheme is much feasible for practical systems and the increase of signaling overhead can be negligible. Finally, it can be seen from the simulation results that, compared with conventional schemes with fixed precoding technique, proposed adaptive scheme can yield much improvement on spectral efficiency.
Community- and Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia Associated With Chlamydia TWAR Infection Demonstrated Serologically (1989)

Serum specimens from 198 patients with pneumonia hospitalized in Seattle between October 1980 and April 1981 were retrospectively tested for antibody against a recently described Chlamydia organism called TWAR. They had been previously tested for antibody for some viruses and Mycoplasma. Twenty (10%) had serologic evidence of recent TWAR infection. The hospital records of the patients with acute TWAR antibody and an equal number of matched controls were examined for clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, treatment, and course during the hospital stay. It was not possible clinically or roentgenographically to distinguish pneumonia associated with TWAR antibody from pneumonia in the controls. Nine of 20 patients with TWAR antibody acquired pneumonia during their hospital stay. The mode of transmission in the hospital was not determined. All the patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia had been intubated, and all had had some surgical procedure. Ten of 20 control patients had onset of their pneumonia in the hospital. Fifteen (11%) of 142 of the patients with pneumonia had evidence of influenza A virus infection. The clinical characteristics of their pneumonias were similar to those of the patients with acute TWAR antibody.
A thioxanone-based chiral template: asymmetric induction in the [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of sulfur ylides. Enantioselective preparation of C.beta.-chiral pent-4-enoic acids (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA thioxanone-based chiral template: asymmetric induction in the [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of sulfur ylides. Enantioselective preparation of C.beta.-chiral pent-4-enoic acidsMark J. Kurth, S. Hasan Tahir, and Marilyn M. OlmsteadCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 8, 2286–2288Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00295a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00295a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views441Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Weather-dependent versus static thermal line ratings (power overhead lines) (1988)

Some of the practical limitations on the use of weather-dependent thermal rating methods for overhead transmission lines are explored. A distinction is made between weather-dependent thermal ratings for a single span and for an entire line. Based on hourly historical weather data for Rochester, NY, USA, it is demonstrated that while the probability distribution of the weather-dependent thermal rating of each span in a line is similar, the probability distribution of line ratings is dependent upon the orientation of the spans in the line. The maximum weather-dependent line ratings are found when all spans are parallel. Minimum weather-dependent line ratings are found for lines whose span orientations vary. Historical weather data are studied in order to estimate minimum predicted thermal ratings for 1 and 4 hours into the future. It is found that such minimum predicted thermal ratings are not greatly in excess of traditional static thermal line ratings.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Advanced Composites in Civil Engineering in Europe (1999)

Composite materials have been considered for use in structures in Europe for many years. The materials used for structures are all characterised by low creep, as would be expected when the structures must resist significant permanent loads. For most applications, the higher stiffness fibres, i.e. carbon, aramid, glass and polyester, are used. Unfortunately, the high strength comes at the expense of high cost, and mistakes have been made in attempting to find one-for-one substitutes for steel on a material-cost basis. The successful applications have all made use of other properties of the materials, not least of which are the light weight and consequent ease of handling.
Functionalized ion beam carbon for magnetic disks (2003)

Summary form only given. Carbon overcoat thickness is continuously being decreased to achieve higher areal density in magnetic media. For present and future products, the thickness of the carbon overcoat has been reduced to 30 /spl Aring/ or less. These thin carbon films have to be robust enough to effectively protect the media against wear and corrosion. The carbon overcoat consists of two interfaces: an interface with the magnetic layer and the carbon-lubricant interface. Both mechanical/chemical properties of the carbon overcoat and its surface reactivity affect the carbon-lubricant bonding which subsequently affects the lubricant-head interaction. Functionalized carbon overcoat consists of a base layer of ion beam carbon (IBC) and a top thinner layer of nitrogenated sputtered carbon. In the IBC process, hydrocarbon (C/sub x/H/sub y/) gas is used as a precursor. High hydrogen content in the film increases the electrical resistivity which could potentially lead to charge buildup on the surface, resulting in head damage. High hydrogen content also can decrease the dangling bond density in the carbon layer resulting in lower carbon lubricant bonding, leading to lube pick-up by the head. With the use of thin hard carbon overcoats, glide head-disk interactions (glide noise) and head degradation issues are becoming severe. These issues could be addressed by doping the top layer of the functional carbon layer (sputtered) with nitrogen.