gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive sensing and compression rate selection scheme for energy-harvesting wireless sensor networks (2017)

In wireless sensor networks, a node that increases its sensing rate to gather more data consumes more energy. Consequently, it will be exhausted earlier than other nodes. In this article, we propose a sensing rate control scheme to increase data resolution without increasing the number of blackout nodes in energy-harvesting wireless sensor networks. In the proposed scheme, each node selects a compression algorithm and adjusts the sensing rate to gather more data while the node operates properly. When a node is estimated to have extra energy, it gathers additional data. In contrast, when it is estimated to be exhausted, it gathers less data to save energy. It also selects an appropriate compression algorithm according to the compression ratio of the selected algorithm to reduce the workload of intermediate nodes. An experimental result verifies that the proposed scheme gathers more data with a lower number of blackout nodes than other schemes.
Rotational laxity greater in patients with contralateral anterior cruciate ligament injury than healthy volunteers (2009)

Rotational stability of the knee has been traditionally difficult to quantify, limiting the ability of the orthopedic community to determine the potential role of rotational laxity in the etiology of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. The purposes of this multicenter cohort study were to evaluate the reliability of a robotic axial rotation measurement system, determine whether the uninjured knees of patients that had previous contralateral ACL reconstruction demonstrated different rotational biomechanical characteristics than a group of healthy volunteers, and determine whether knee rotational biomechanical characteristics differ between male and female non-injured limbs in groups of both healthy volunteers and patients with a previous contralateral ACL injury. Fourteen healthy volunteers and 79 patients with previous unilateral ACL injury participated in this study. Patients were tested using a computerized tibial axial rotation system. Only the normal (non-operated) knee data were used for analysis. In order to assess the reliability of the robotic measurement system, 10 healthy volunteers were tested daily over four consecutive days by four different examiners. Rotational laxity and compliance measures demonstrated excellent reliability (ICC = 0.97). Patients with a contralateral ACL injury demonstrated significantly increased tibial internal rotation (20.6° vs. 11.4°, P < 0.001) and reduced external rotation (16.7° vs. 26.6°, P < 0.001) compared to healthy volunteers. Females demonstrated significantly increased internal and external rotation, as well as significantly increased rotational compliance compared with males (P < 0.05). Computer-assisted measurement techniques may offer clinicians an accurate, reliable, non-invasive method to select the most appropriate preventative or surgical interventions for patients with increased knee rotational laxity.
Reinforcement Learning for Humanoid Robotics (2003)

Reinforcement learning offers one of the most general frame-work to take traditional robotics towards true autonomy and versatility. However, applying reinforcement learning to high dimensional movement systems like humanoid robots remains an unsolved problem. In this pa- per, we discuss different approaches of reinforcement learning in terms of their applicability in humanoid robotics. Methods can be coarsely clas- sified into three different categories, i.e., greedy methods, `vanilla‘ policy gradient methods, and natural gradient methods. We discuss that greedy methods are not likely to scale into the domain humanoid robotics as they are problematic when used with function approximation. `Vanilla‘ policy gradient methods on the other hand have been successfully ap- plied on real-world robots including at least one humanoid robot [3]. We demonstrate that these methods can be significantly improved us- ing the natural policy gradient instead of the regular policy gradient. A derivation of the natural policy gradient is provided, proving that the av- erage policy gradient of Kakade [10] is indeed the true natural gradient. A general algorithm for estimating the natural gradient, the Natural Actor-Critic algorithm, is introduced. This algorithm converges to the nearest local minimum of the cost function with respect to the Fisher in- formation metric under suitable conditions. The algorithm outperforms non-natural policy gradients by far in a cart-pole balancing evaluation, and for learning nonlinear dynamic motor primitives for humanoid robot control. It offers a promising route for the development of reinforcement learning for truly high-dimensionally continuous state-action systems.
Resveratrol Inhibits Aortic Root Dilatation in the Fbn1 <sup>C1039G/+</sup> Marfan Mouse Model (2016)

Resveratrol inhibits aortic root dilatation in MFS mice by promoting elastin integrity and smooth muscle cell survival, involving downregulation of the aneurysm-related micro-RNA-29b in the aorta. On the basis of these data, resveratrol holds promise as a novel intervention strategy for patients with MFS.
Nonspecific Binding of<i>Clostridium difficile</i>Toxin A to Murine Immunoglobulins Occurs via the Fab Component (1998)

Clostridium difficile toxin A binds nonspecifically to a mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb) immunoglobulin G3 lambda chain [IgG3(lambda)], through the Fab component. This binding, which is retained even after boiling the MAb, is temperature dependent, with more toxin bound at 4 than 37 degrees C (P = 0.0024). The nonspecific binding was decreased by incubation of the IgG3 lambda MAb with alpha- or beta-galactosidase (P = 0.0001 and 0.029, respectively), indicating that toxin A binds to a carbohydrate moiety on the Fab. However, binding was not blocked by the Bandeiraea simplicifolia lectin BS-1, indicating that a terminal alpha-galactose may not be involved. Binding was also not affected by competitive assays with Lewis X antigen. The dependence on carbohydrate moieties in nonspecific binding was also shown for two other MAbs, IgA(kappa) and IgM(lambda), with demonstration of a significant reduction in binding with alpha-galactosidase (P = 0.0001 and 0.0002, respectively) but not beta-galactosidase (P = 0.27 and 0.25, respectively).
Histopatología de hojas de tomate inoculadas con Xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria (1992)

Resumen — Se estudi la infeccin de Xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria en hojas de tomate por medio de mi- croscopa ptica y electrnica de barrido. Se determin que la bacteria penetra en el hospedante por los estomas y se localiza y multiplica en las cmaras subestomticas que sirven como sitios de supervivencia. Adicionalmente, tam- bin penetrara por las bases de los tricomas deteriorados. Luego, las bacterias colonizan los espacios intercelulares del parnquima esponjoso y, al alcanzar las cmaras subestomticas (no invadidas previamente), se multiplican abundantemente y son expulsadas, aglutinadas en un sustancia de naturaleza mucosa, dando origen a nuevas fuentes de inculo.
<i>In Vivo</i> Activation of Human NK Cells by Treatment with an Interleukin-15 Superagonist Potently Inhibits Acute <i>In Vivo</i> HIV-1 Infection in Humanized Mice (2015)

Epidemiological studies have indicated that NK cells contribute to the control of HIV-1 infection, and in vitro studies have demonstrated that NK cells can selectively kill HIV-1-infected cells. We demonstrated that in vivo activation of NK cells by treatment with an IL-15 superagonist that potently stimulates the antitumor activity of NK cells markedly inhibited acute HIV-1 infection in humanized mice, even when activation of NK cells by IL-15 superagonist treatment is delayed until 3 days after HIV-1 inoculation. NK cell depletion from PBMCs prior to their intrasplenic injection abrogated the suppression of in vivo HIV-1 infection observed in humanized mice treated with the IL-15 superagonist, demonstrating that activated human NK cells were mediating IL-15 superagonist-induced inhibition of acute HIV-1 infection. Thus, in vivo immunostimulation of NK cells, a promising therapeutic approach for cancer therapy, may represent a new treatment modality for HIV-1-infected individuals, particularly in the earliest stages of infection.
Mutation spectrum of human<i>SLC39A4</i>in a panel of patients with acrodermatitis enteropathica (2003)

Acrodermatitis enteropathica is rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a severe nutritional zinc deficiency. We and others have recently identified the human gene encoding an intestinal zinc transporter of the ZIP family, SLC39A4, as the mutated gene in acrodermatitis enteropathica (AE). A first mutation screening in 8 AE families (15 patients out of 36 individuals) revealed the presence of six different mutations described elsewhere. Based on these results, we have evaluated the involvement of SLC39A4 in 14 patients of 12 additional AE pedigees coming either from France, Tunisia, Austria or Lithuania. A total of 7 SLC39A4 mutations were identified (1 deletion, 2 nonsense, 2 missense, and 2 modifications of splice site), of which 4 are novel: a homozygous nonsense mutation in 3 consanguineous Tunisian families [c.143T>G (p.Leu48X)], a heterozygous nonsense mutation (c.1203G>A (p.Trp401X)) in a compound heterozygote from Austria also exhibiting an already known missense mutation, and distinct homozygous mutations in families from France or Tunisia [c.475-2A>G and c.184T>C (p.Cys62Arg)]. Furthermore, two other potential mutations [c.850G>A (p.Glu284Lys) and c.193-113T>C] were also observed at homozygous state in a French family formerly described. This study brings to 21 the number of reported SLC39A4 mutations in AE families.
Effect of pressure on the growth of crystallites of low-pressure chemical-vapor-deposited polycrystalline silicon films and the effective electron mobility under high normal field in thin-film transistors (1993)

The morphology of polycrystalline films grown by low-pressure chemical-vapor deposition (LPCVD) is investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as a function of the film thickness, the deposition pressure, and the level of contamination. An orientation filtering mechanism, due to the growth-velocity competition in the early stage of growth, is responsible for the preferred orientation of the films. The size of the crystallites, the surface roughness, and the type of the structural defects are investigated by combined cross-sectional and plane-view TEM analysis. In polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors (TFTs), the influence of surface roughness scattering on the mobility is investigated by measuring the effective electron mobility under high effective normal field at 295 and 77 K. Although the surface curvature is increased when the deposition pressure is decreased, the surface roughness scattering is constant in the deposition pressure range from 40 to 0.5 mTorr. By decreasing the deposition pressure from 40 to 10 mTorr, although the grain size increases, the TFT performance degrades due to the following factors: (a) the increase of the grain-boundary trap density which is related to the change of the mode of growth at 10 mTorr; and (b) the increase of impurity contamination in the environment of the LPCVD system with constant silane flow rate at all pressures. At a deposition pressure of 0.5 mTorr the TFT performance is improved indicating that the grain size is the prevailing key factor.
Effects of glucose and some oral hypoglycemic agents upon the plasma glucose and immuno-reactive insulin (IRI) in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rat. (1978)

An investigation has been made to see the effect of oral hypoglycemic agants on the blood sugar (BS) and plasma Immuno-Reactive Insulin (IRI) in normal and streptozotocin diabetic rats. Plasma IRI was significantly reduced in a streptozotocin treated diabetic rat 8 weeks after streptozotocin injection. In normal rats oral administration of Sodium tolbutamide (TOL) and Glybenclamide (GLI) produced a significant fall in BS and a concurrent increase in plasma IRI, but phenformin (PHE) was without any effect on both these parameters. Unlike normal rats streptozotocin treated diabetic rats did not show lowering of BS and increase in plasma IRI following TOL and GLI. PHE, however, did produce a significant fall in BS. Oral glucose load did show a typical glucose tolerance curve and insulin release in normal rats. However, in the diabetic rats there was no significant increase in plasma IRI following glucose load. It is therefore concluded that streptozotocin treated diabetic rats differ from the maturity onset diabetic as regards the responses of TOL and GLI are concerned and this animal model can therefore be useful in differentiating the two types of oral hypoglycemic agents.
Innovative Technology Advances Use of Electromagnetic MWD Offshore in Southern North Sea (2003)

Abstract The underbalanced drilling campaign undertaken by Shell U.K. Exploration and Production (Shell Expro) offshore in the Southern North Sea has been on the cutting edge of UBD technology since its inception in 1997. Electromagnetic (EM) telemetry systems were incapable of performing in the Southern North Sea due to the depth and nature of the formations. However, recent enhancements to the technology have greatly expanded the scope of EM telemetry. The use of this technology has potential for expanding the scope of underbalanced operations possible in the Southern North Sea. A fundamental advantage of the EM telemetry system is the capability to transmit data independently of wellbore hydraulics. For example, down-hole pressure data can be transmitted to surface during pressure buildup tests and flow tests. Data can also be transmitted during trips, during connections, with pumps on or off, etc. The transmission of data is unaffected by loss of drilling fluid returns, the use of air, air-mist, foam or other multi-phase drilling fluid mediums generally associated with underbalanced drilling practices. The down-hole instrumentation can also be interrogated or reprogrammed at any time by direct communications protocol, which is completely independent of the rig or drilling activity. A new, innovative twist to enhance the use of EM telemetry involves the use of insulated casing to reduce signal attenuation and further expand the application of the technology where it has been previously out of reach. This paper discusses rationale for the use of EM telemetry in the Southern North Sea basin and the results of a recent successful field trial of the technology.
Active screen plasma nitriding of austenitic stainless steel (2002)

Active screen (AS) plasma nitriding is a new surface engineering technique which provides many advantages over conventional dc plasma nitriding. In this study the AS technique has been used to nitride austenitic stainless steel (AISI 316). The morphology, composition and properties of the AS plasma nitrided layers have been characterised and compared with those of the normal dc plasma nitrided layers. AS nitriding can achieve similar hardening effects for austenitic stainless steel when compared to conventional dc nitriding, and does not have the common problems associated with the dc technique such as ‘edging effect’. AS nitriding at a lower temperature of 420° C can also produce a precipitation free layer, the S phase, on a 316 stainless steel surface. The AS nitrided S phase exhibits not only high hardness and wear resistance but also very good corrosion resistance.
Rotavirus G Serotypes and P[],G Genotypes Identified in Cases of Reinfection Among Children Participating in a Trial with Rhesus-human Reassortant Tetravalent Vaccine (RRV-TV) in Belem, Brazil (2002)

Group A rotaviruses are the most important agents of severe diarrhea in children and infants worldwide. The aim of present study was to identify rotavirus G serotypes and P[],G genotypes in cases of reinfection among children who participated in a vaccine trial with the tetravalent rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus vaccine (RRV-TV 4 x 10(4) pfu/dose) in Belém, Brazil. From July 1990 to June 1992, 540 children received, at their first, third and fifth months of life, oral doses of either vaccine or placebo. A total of 90 rotavirus diarrheal episodes among children who completed the three-dose vaccination schedule were recorded. We studied 11 reinfection rotavirus cases among five children (three female and two male). Fecal specimens were tested by using a enzyme immunoassay (IDEIA Rotavirus), followed by EIA with monoclonal antibodies to determine infecting serotypes Gl, G2, G3 and G4 and subgroups I and II. The viral dsRNA was extracted and electrophoresed through polyacrylamide gel and then subjected to reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction and nested-PCR for the determination of Gl, G2, G3, G4, G5 and G9 and P[4], P[6], P[8] and P[9] rotavirus genotypes. A total of 11 cases of reinfection (12 per cent) occurred among five children, three from the placebo group and two from the vaccine group. In four of the cases of reinfection G serotypes and P[],G genotypes were as follows: for the first and second infections, respectively: (1) G2/P[4],G2 and Gl/P[4],G1; (2) G2/P[4],G2 and G2/P[6],G5; (3) G2/P[4],G2 and G1/P[8],G1; and (4) G2/P[8],G1 and G1/P[8],G1. A fifth child had three successive infections caused by serotypes/genotypes G1/P[8],G1, in the first and second infections, and G2/P[4],G2 in the third infection. The common genotypes and unusual genotypes were detected in 8 (73 per cent) and 3 (27 per cent) of the isolates, respectively. With regards to the clinical severity, in two children a score indicated moderate/severe disease in both first and second infections. One child had three successive infections; the first episode was moderate/severe, the second very severe and the third was not available. In contrast, in two other children, the first episode was very severe, and the second episode was moderate/severe in one child and data was not available for the other child. The results obtained in the present investigation underscore the need to broaden our knowledge of the immunity in rotavirus reinfection. This should be useful regarding future rotavirus vaccination strategies in Brazil.
Hedgehog acts by distinct gradient and signal relay mechanisms to organise cell type and cell polarity in the <i>Drosophila</i> abdomen (1997)

The epidermis of the adult Drosophila abdomen is formed by a chain of anterior (A) and posterior (P) compartments, each segment comprising one A and one P compartment. In the accompanying paper (Struhl et al., 1997), we provide evidence that Hedgehog protein (Hh), being secreted from P compartment cells, organises the pattern and polarity of A compartment cells. Here we test whether Hh acts directly or by a signal relay mechanism. We use mutations in Protein Kinase A (PKA) or smoothened (smo) to activate or to block Hh signal transduction in clones of A compartment cells. For cell type, a scalar property, both manipulations cause strictly autonomous transformations: the cells affected are exactly those and only those that are mutant. Hence, we infer that Hh acts directly on A compartment cells to specify the various types of cuticular structures that they differentiate. By contrast, these same manipulations cause non-autonomous effects on cell polarity, a vectorial property. Consequently, we surmise that Hh influences cell polarity indirectly, possibly by inducing other signalling factors. Finally, we present evidence that Hh does not polarise abdominal cells by utilising either Decapentaplegic (Dpp) or Wingless (Wg), the two morphogens through which Hh acts during limb development. We conclude that, in the abdomen, cell type and cell polarity reflect distinct outputs of Hh signalling and propose that these outputs are controlled by separable gradient and signal relay mechanisms.
Adaptive identification of dynamically positioned underwater robotic vehicles (2003)

This paper reports a stable online adaptive identification technique for the identification of finite-dimensional dynamical models of dynamically positioned underwater robotic vehicles. Proofs for the identifier's global stability, and for the input-to-state stability of this class of plants are reported. A direct comparison of the adaptive identification method to a conventional, off-line, least-squares method is reported. Using experimental data obtained with the Johns Hopkins University remotely operated underwater robotic vehicle, both methods are employed to identify decoupled, single-degree-of-freedom dynamical plant models. Performance of the resulting identified dynamical plant models is quantitatively compared to the experimentally observed motion of the actual vehicle.
Analysis for the Accessibility and Suitability of Tourism Farm in Chuncheon Area (2003)

This study investigated and analyzed the current status and operations of tourism farms in the Chuncheon area. By adopting the GIS, an analysis was made of whether the five old tourism farms utilized suitability and how they could open a new one in a suitability. The following results were drawn from the analysis of natural and social suitability factors and accessibility. Time requirements were analyzed taking into account that a majority of tourists came from Seoul and Gyeonggi, area. Four of the five tourism farms were within one hour travel, from these areas but it seemed impossible that they could be reached within one hour considering the actual road conditions and traffic. The natural and social suitability factors of a tourism farm were overlay-analyzed. The land of the first and second class that was considered to be suitable for a tourism farm was , which accounted for 1.38% of the entire area examined in the study and 11.50% of the entire agricultural land. The area that was evaluated to be suitable for a tourism farm will be able to attract new tourism farms in the future.
Gradients And Their Applications (1988)

The use of gradient properties in a wide range of physical processes are discussed with emphasis on optical applications of interest to the military.
Changes in Molecular Epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae Causing Meningitis following Introduction of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccination in England and Wales (2012)

The introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in September 2006 has markedly reduced the burden of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) including meningitis in England and Wales. This study examined changes in the molecular epidemiology of pneumococcal isolates causing meningitis from July 2004 to June 2009. The Health Protection Agency conducts enhanced pneumococcal surveillance in England and Wales. In addition to serotyping, pneumococcal isolates causing meningitis were genotyped by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). A total of 1,030 isolates were both serotyped and genotyped over the 5-year period. Fifty-two serotypes, 238 sequence types (STs), and 87 clonal complexes were identified, with no significant difference in the yearly Simpson's diversity index values (range, 0.974 to 0.984). STs commonly associated with PCV7 serotypes declined following PCV implementation, with a proportionally greater decline in ST124 (commonly associated with serotype 14). No other ST showed significant changes in distribution, even within individual serotypes. Replacement disease following PCV7 introduction was mainly due to serotypes 1, 3, 7F, 19A, 22F, and 33F through clonal expansion. A single instance of possible capsule switching was identified where one ST4327 clone expressed a serotype 14 capsule in 2005 and a serotype 28A capsule in 2009. In 2008 to 2009, ST191 (7F) became the most prevalent clone causing meningitis (10.3%). Case fatality (145 fatalities/1,030 cases; 14.1%) was high across all age groups and serotype groups. Thus, the introduction of PCV7 resulted in an increase in non-PCV7 serotypes, including some not covered by the 13-valent vaccine, such as serotypes 22F and 33F, emphasizing the importance of long-term epidemiological and molecular surveillance.