gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Steps in the Phosphorylation of the High Mannose Oligosaccharides of Lysosomal Enzymes (1982)

The phosphomannosyl recognition marker of acid hydrolases, which mediates their translocation to lysosomes, has been shown to be synthesized in two steps. First, N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate is transferred to an acceptor mannose by UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:lysosomal enzyme N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase, resulting in a phosphate group in diester linkage between the outer N-acetylglucosamine and the inner mannose. Next, an a-N-acetylglucosaminyl phosphodiesterase removes the N-acetylglucosamine, leaving the phosphate in monoester linkage with the underlying mannose residue. This exposed phosphomannosyl residue serves as the essential component of a recognition marker which leads to binding to high-affinity receptors and subsequent translocation to lysosomes. We propose that the first enzyme in this scheme, N-acetylglucosaminylphosphotransferase, catalyses the initial, determining step by which newly synthesized acid hydrolases are distinguished from other newly synthesized glycoproteins and thus are eventually targeted to lysosomes. The absence of this enzyme activity, as in inclusion-cell (I-cell) disease and pseudo-Hurler polydystrophy, precludes the receptor-mediated targeting of newly synthesized acid hydrolases to lysosomes. As a consequence, the enzymes are secreted into the extracellular milieu.
Effects of environmental parameters and composition of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-graft-polyamine copolymers on the retention of rat lymphocyte subpopulations (B- and T-cells) (1994)

Retention behavior of rat lymphocyte subpopulations (B- and T-cells) was investigated on poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-graft-polyamine (HA) copolymers with various copolymer compositions. Separation mechanism of B- and T-cells was then evaluated by focusing on several parameters, such as pH, temperature, and ionic strength. The interaction of lymphocytes with HA surfaces was mainly through the electrostatic force from their retention profile at varying ionic strengths of the medium. Temperature also has a crucial effect on the response of lymphocytes toward pH-induced phase transition of polyamine grafts at the polymer interface with aqueous milieu. At 4 degrees C, both B- and T-cells showed minimal retention on HA surfaces at pH 8. At this pH, polyamine grafts existed in a compact conformation with a low degree of protonation. However, at pHs below 8, at which polyamine grafts existed in extended conformation, the resolution of B- and T-cells was achieved. In contrast, at 23 degrees C, the phase transition of polyamine grafts significantly influenced T-cell retention, resulting in a decrease in the retention of T-cells on HA with polyamine in a compact conformation. Consequently, preferential retention of B-cells was achieved under this condition. The polyamine content was found to be another important factor affecting the retention behavior of lymphocyte subpopulations. On HA copolymers with low polyamine content (HA7, HA10), conformational transition of polyamine grafts showed a significant influence for B-cell retention, although the influence decreased with increasing polyamine content. From the study estimating the effect of neuraminidase treatment of lymphocytes on their retention to HA surfaces, sialic acid residues on the plasma membrane surface of lymphocytes are suggested as feasible anionic sites showing electrostatic interaction with polyamine grafts.
Tandem methodology for heterocyclic synthesis (2004)

Abstract Tandem methodology for heterocyclic synthesis represents a powerful approach for the rapid buildup of molecular complexity from potentially simple starting materials. Work from our laboratory has shown that the rhodium(II)-catalyzed cyclization cascade of alpha-diazo imides represents an effective method for the synthesis of a variety of heterocyclic systems. As an extension of these studies, we became interested in using a linked Pummerer/ N -acyliminium ion cyclization sequence since we felt that this combination offers unique opportunities for the assemblage of complex target molecules. A synthetic method that combines transformations of different reaction types significantly broadens the scope of such procedures in synthetic chemistry. Alpha-thiocarbocations generated from the Pummerer reaction of beta-phenylsulfinylmethyl-alpha, beta-unsaturated amides can be intercepted by the adjacent amido group to produce transient amino-substituted furans which undergo subsequent Diels–Alder cycloadditions. Using this domino amido Pummerer/Diels–Alder cascade, we were able to assemble novel polycyclic systems in a single operation. The key step in the process involves the generation of a reactive N -acyliminium ion by fragmentation of an amino-substituted [4+2]-cycloadduct. The successful synthesis of a number of alkaloids by this sequence of reactions reveals the usefulness and importance of this unique domino cascade. Application of the process for the preparation of the stenoma alkaloid stenine was recently carried out in our laboratory.
Pharmacy cost reporting with an eye on the future. (2006)

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has decided not to pay hospitals a specific rate in 2006 to cover drug handling costs, but that doesn't mean it won't do so in the future. Hospitals that are dividing their reporting of pharmacy costs on Medicare cost reports between "Pharmacy" and "Drugs Charged to Patients" may be exemplifying best practice in accounting for such costs. Best-practice hospitals will help ensure that CMS will set fair rates for drug handling payments to hospitals, in the event it decides such payments are appropriate.
Calcium-independent phospholipase A<sub>2</sub>mediates CREB phosphorylation and c<i>-fos</i>expression during ischemia (2001)

In isolated, perfused adult rat hearts, global ischemia increased the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) relative to control levels, and this phosphorylation was reversed with reperfusion. CREB phosphorylation elicited by 5 min of global ischemia was sensitive to treatments with the calcium-independent phospholipase A(2) (iPLA(2)) inhibitor bromoenol lactone (BEL) and occurred in the absence of increases in myocardial cAMP content. In contrast, CREB phosphorylation elicited by 15 min of global ischemia was likely mediated by elevated cAMP levels. The expression of c-fos, in response to brief myocardial ischemia, was also sensitive to BEL treatment. The induction of iPLA(2)-mediated CREB phosphorylation was further substantiated by the observations that lysoplasmenylcholine increased both the phosphorylation of CREB and the induction of c-fos expression in the absence and presence of BEL. CREB phosphorylation in both ischemic hearts and lysoplasmenylcholine-perfused hearts was inhibited by pretreatment of hearts with the specific cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) inhibitor H-89. Taken together, these data demonstrate that iPLA(2) mediates CREB phosphorylation through a PKA-dependent pathway during brief periods of myocardial ischemia, possibly through the formation of lysophospholipids.
Hydrogen Generation from Formic Acid Decomposition by Ruthenium Carbonyl Complexes. Tetraruthenium Dodecacarbonyl Tetrahydride as an Active Intermediate (2011)

The present Minireview covers the formation and the structural characterization of noble metal carbonyl and hydrido carbonyl complexes, with particular emphasis on ruthenium complexes using formic acid as a carbonyl and hydride source. The catalytic activity of these organometallic compounds for the decarboxylation of formic acid, a potential hydrogen storage material, is also reviewed. In addition, the first preparation of [Ru(4)(CO)(12)H(4)] from RuCl(3) and formic acid as well as the catalytic activity of [Ru(4)(CO)(12)H(4)] for the decomposition of formic acid to hydrogen and carbon dioxide are presented.
Amorphous silicon EPID calibration for dosimetric applications: comparison of a method based on Monte Carlo prediction of response with existing techniques (2007)

For EPID dosimetry, the calibration should ensure that all pixels have a similar response to a given irradiation. A calibration method (MC), using an analytical fit of a Monte Carlo simulated flood field EPID image to correct for the flood field image pixel intensity shape, was proposed. It was compared with the standard flood field calibration (FF), with the use of a water slab placed in the beam to flatten the flood field (WS) and with a multiple field calibration where the EPID was irradiated with a fixed 10x10 field for 16 different positions (MF). The EPID was used in its normal configuration (clinical setup) and with an additional 3 mm copper slab (modified setup). Beam asymmetry measured with a diode array was taken into account in MC and WS methods. For both setups, the MC method provided pixel sensitivity values within 3% of those obtained with the MF and WS methods (mean difference<1%, standard deviation<2%). The difference of pixel sensitivity between MC and FF methods was up to 12.2% (clinical setup) and 11.8% (modified setup). MC calibration provided images of open fields (5x5 to 20x20 cm2) and IMRT fields to within 3% of that obtained with WS and MF calibrations while differences with images calibrated with the FF method for fields larger than 10x10 cm2 were up to 8%. MC, WS and MF methods all provided a major improvement on the FF method. Advantages and drawbacks of each method were reviewed.
Randomized Allocation with nonparametric estimation for a multi-armed bandit problem with covariates (2002)

We study a multi-armed bandit problem in a setting where covariates are available. We take a nonparametric approach to estimate the functional relationship between the response (reward) and the covariates. The estimated relationships and appropriate randomization are used to select a good arm to play for a greater expected reward. Randomization helps balance the tendency to trust the currently most promising arm with further exploration of other arms. It is shown that, with some familiar nonparametric methods (e.g., histogram), the proposed strategy is strongly consistent in the sense that the accumulated reward is asymptotically equivalent to that based on the best arm (which depends on the covariates) almost surely.
Half-metallicity of a kagome spin lattice: the case of a manganese bis-dithiolene monolayer (2013)

The spin ordering in kagome lattices has long been studied in the search for real materials with a spin-liquid ground state. The synthesis of a nickel bis-dichiolene complex (Ni3C12S12) nanosheet (T. Kambe et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2013, 135, 2462) paved a way for realizing real two-dimensional kagome lattices. Using first-principles calculations, we predicted that a ferromagnetic kagome spin lattice with S = 3/2 on lattice vertices can be achieved in an Mn3C12S12 monolayer formed by substituting Ni with Mn atoms in nonmagnetic Ni3C12S12. Monte Carlo simulations on the basis of the Ising model suggest that it has a Curie temperature of about 212 K. A ferromagnetic Mn3C12S12 monolayer is half metallic with high carrier mobility in one spin channel and a band gap of 1.54 eV in another spin channel, which is quite promising for spintronic device applications. Additionally, a small band gap opens up at the Dirac point of the kagome bands due to the spin-orbital coupling effects, which may be implementable for achieving a quantum anomalous Hall effect.
<scp>l</scp>-Carnitine Esters as “Soft”, Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Amphiphiles (1998)

A new class of antimicrobial, "soft", quaternary ammonium l-carnitine esters, of the type (CH3)3N+-CH2-CHOCO(R1)-CH2-COO(R2) Cl-, has been designed, with R1 and R2 being in general long-chain alkyl substituents. The series shows good activity against a wide range of bacteria, yeasts, and fungi. Lipophilicity has been measured by RP-HPLC method to give the logarithm of the experimental capacity factor (log k'), and a quantitative relationship has been determined between log k' and the theoretical partition coefficient (CLOGP); also, bond-dipole descriptors have been introduced into calculations by accounting for polar moieties present within the apolar cores of the molecules, giving a more refined calculated capacity factor (log k'calcd). Finally the latter has been related to the antimicrobial activity (MIC values). The proposed models are predictive for the best broad-spectrum antimicrobial compound within the series.
A low-power comparator-reduced flash ADC using dynamic comparators (2017)

This paper presents a new low-power reduced comparator flash ADC. The proposed ADC uses dynamic comparators to perform a high-speed low-power conversion. In order to reduce offset and kick-back noise effect of conventional dynamic comparators, a new comparator with a higher pre-amplifier gain along with the mathematical analysis is presented. The proposed 4bit ADC is simulated in 0.18um with 1.8-υ supply voltage. SNDR and SFDR of the ADC are 23dB and 26.5dB, respectively. The ADC consumes only 0.95mw at the sampling rate of 400MS/s.
Glycan Analysis Using a Solid State Nanopore (2012)

Single molecular translocation events were observed for polysaccharides using a solid state nanopore, and multi-level pulses were observed due to the local folded structure when using larger pore size compared with the diameter of the polysaccharides. These phenomena are essentially the same as those reported for DNA. This analysis technique, cross-sectional area scanning based on nanopore, is promising not only for glycans but also for branched polymer in more general.
EFFECTS OF PHOTOPERIOD AND TEMPERATURE ON VEGETATIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE GROWTH OF A MAIZE (ZEA MAYS) HYBRID (1977)

A single-cross maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid was grown to maturity in the four combinations of two temperatures, 20 and 30 C, and two photoperiods, 10 and 20 h, in controlled-environment growth cabinets. Measurements of dry weights of plant components were made at tassel initiation, mid-anthesis, mid-anthesis plus 16 days, and maturity. The longer photoperiod and cooler temperature treatment produced the highest final plant dry weight. Average daily dry matter (DM) production was greater for plants grown at the longer photoperiod. This could largely be attributed to a higher leaf area per plant. The duration of DM production was longer at the cooler temperature. Grain yields were higher under the lower temperature because of an increase in the length of the grain-filling period and because a greater proportion of the post-anthesis DM was allocated to the grain. The results of this study showed a significant photoperiod × temperature interaction for length of the grain-filling period, kernel number and grain yield. Post-anthesis DM accumulation did not appear to be a limiting factor for grain yield. The effects of temperature and photoperiod on length of the grain-filling period and grain yield may have been partly mediated through the size of the grain sink.
Plastic filament extrusion system for use with a 3D printer (2012)

The objective of this project was to produce plastic filament suitable for use with RepRap 3D printers from raw plastic pellets or recycled plastic waste for the UBC Rapid student team. The specifications for the filament required that it be of similar quality to commercial filaments, smooth and with minimal bubbles with a constant diameter of about 3mm. To accomplish this end, a prototype plastic extruder was designed, constructed and tested. The prototype was tested running at different speeds and temperatures to determine a good operating point. The investigation showed that extrusion of plastic filament of comparable quality to commercial filaments is possible with careful operation. The diameter is the most critical feature and is dependent on the rate at which the filament is drawn away from the die as well as a steady input to the heating pipe. With an outfeed mechanism, the filament could be drawn at constant rate to form a constant diameter. The prototype showed several ways in which extrusion could be made more efficient in later designs. The recommendations leading from the testing of the prototype include isolation of the hopper from the heating area to prevent clogging by partially melted plastic and lengthening the heating area to allow for full melting of the plastic and steady flow to extrude for homogeneous filaments.
Building Adaptive Acceptability Classifiers for Neural NLG (2021)

Soumya Batra, Shashank Jain, Peyman Heidari, Ankit Arun, Catharine Youngs, Xintong Li, Pinar Donmez, Shawn Mei, Shiunzu Kuo, Vikas Bhardwaj, Anuj Kumar, Michael White. Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. 2021.
Precise Estimation of the Numbers of Chronic Carriers of Salmonella typhi in Santiago, Chile, an Endemic Area (1982)

As part of a program to control endemic typhoid fever in Santiago, Chile, an assessment was made of the magnitude of the reservoir of chronic carriers of Salmonella typhi. The availability of an accurate census and reliable data on the prevalence of biliary disease and of S. typhi carriage among persons with cholecystitis allowed an unusually precise estimate of the number of carriers. In 1980 there existed 25,019 female and 4,575 male carries in a population of 4,264,514, yielding a crude prevalence of 694 carriers per 10(5) population. Because of the magnitude of this human reservoir, which includes many females of greater than 40 years of age, it is recommended that a typhoid control program include the identification of carriers followed by health education and therapeutic interventions.
A Value Relevant Fundamental Investment Strategy : The use of weighted fundamental signals to improve predictability (2011)

The aim of this study is to investigate the possibility to improve the investment model defined in Piotroski (2000) and the subsequent research carried out on this model. Our model builds further upon the original fundamental score put forth by Piotroski. This further developed model is tested in two different contexts; firstly, a weighted fundamental score is developed that is updated every year in order to control for any changes in the predictive ability of fundamental signals over time. Secondly, the behavior of this score is analyzed in context of recession and growth cycles of the macro economy. Our findings show that high book-to-market portfolio consist of poor performing firms, as shown by Fama and French (1995) and is thereby outperformed by both Piotroski's F_score and our own developed scores. The score based on a rolling window correlation is performing a little better then F_score, but the score based on correlations for prior Up and Down periods is not. The conclusions we draw from the results are that improvements have to be made, both to F_score and our own developments, to sort winners from loser to get an even more profitable zero-investment hedge strategy.
Acrylamide Homopolymers and Acrylamide–<i>N</i>-Isopropylacrylamide Block Copolymers by Atomic Transfer Radical Polymerization in Water (2012)

Atomic transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of acrylamide has been accomplished in aqueous media at room temperature. By using methyl 2-chloropropionate (MeClPr) as the initiator and tris[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine (Me6TREN)/copper halogenide (CuX) as the catalyst system, different linear polyacrylamides with apparent molecular weights up to >150 000 g/mol were synthesized with dispersities as low as 1.39. The molecular weights agreed well with the theoretical ones at relatively low-medium monomer/initiator ratios (<700:1). Initial chain extension experiments (isolated macroinitiator) resulted in a polymer with bimodal distribution. However, in situ chain extension experiments, carried out by addition of a second fresh batch of monomer to the reaction mixture, confirmed the living nature of the polymerization. By adding a fresh batch of monomer to a linear macroinitiator (Mn = 22 780 g/mol, PDI = 1.42) in solution, an increase in the molecular weight up to 30 220 g/mol (PDI = 1.64) was observed. In addition, linear polyacrylamides were used as macroinitiators for the synthesis of block copolymers polyacrylamide-b-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide).
Methodology and Application of Adaptive and Sequential Approaches in Contemporary Clinical Trials (2012)

The clinical trial, a prospective study to evaluate the effect of interventions in humans under prespecified conditions, is a standard and integral part of modern medicine. Many adaptive and sequential approaches have been proposed for use in clinical trials to allow adaptations or modifications to aspects of a trial after its initiation without undermining the validity and integrity of the trial. The application of adaptive and sequential methods in clinical trials has significantly improved the flexibility, efficiency, therapeutic effect, and validity of trials. To further advance the performance of clinical trials and convey the progress of research on adaptive and sequential methods in clinical trial design, we review significant research that has explored novel adaptive and sequential approaches and their applications in Phase I, II, and III clinical trials and discuss future directions in this field of research.
Inhibition of histone acetylation by N-[2-(S-coenzyme A)acetyl] spermidine amide, a multisubstrate analog. (1982)

A multisubstrate analog, formed by joining coenzyme A with spermidine through an acetic acid linkage, serves as a strong inhibitor (Ki less than 10(-8) M) of the acetylation of spermidine and histones by histone acetylase purified from calf thymus. In free solutions, this analog inhibited acetylation of the various nuclear histones to a similar extent. In isolated nuclei, this analog was found to inhibit acetylation of histones H2a and H2b very much more strongly than that of histones H3 and H4.
Hybrid optical antenna with high directivity gain (2013)

Coupling of a far-field optical mode to electronic states of a quantum absorber or emitter is a crucial process in many applications, including infrared sensors, single molecule spectroscopy, and quantum metrology. In particular, achieving high quantum efficiency for a system with a deep subwavelength quantum absorber/emitter has remained desirable. In this Letter, a hybrid optical antenna based on coupling of a photonic nanojet to a metallo-dielectric antenna is proposed, which allows such efficient coupling. A quantum efficiency of about 50% is predicted for a semiconductor with volume of ~λ³/170. Despite the weak optical absorption coefficient of 2000 cm(-1) in the long infrared wavelength of ~8 μm, very strong far-field coupling has been achieved, as evidenced by an axial directivity gain of 16 dB, which is only 3 dB below of theoretical limit. Unlike the common phased array antenna, this structure does not require coherent sources to achieve a high directivity. The quantum efficiency and directivity gain are more than an order of magnitude higher than existing metallic, dielectric, or metallo-dielectric optical antenna.
A holey fiber based WDM wavelength converter incorporating an apodized fiber Bragg grating filter (2003)

We demonstrate a tunable WDM wavelength converter based on XPM in just 6 m of highly nonlinear holey fiber and incorporating a precise, compression tuned apodized fiber-grating filter. We achieve broadband 10 Gbit/s wavelength conversion (/spl sim/20 nm) with a constant pulsewidth due to short device length and correspondingly reduced pulse walk-off effects.