gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
H2O2-induced uncoupling of bovine lens Na+,K+-ATPase. (1983)

A 1-hr exposure of bovine lenses in organ culture to H2O2 concentrations in the range found in the aqueous fluid of patients with cataracts inhibits 86Rb+ influx. At 1 mM H2O2, complete inhibition was observed and further investigated. Membrane permeability is slightly decreased. Although lactate concentrations increase 2-fold, lens ATP concentrations decrease approximately equal to 10%, suggesting that glycolysis may be stimulated but ATP production is not able to keep up with the demand for energy. Examination of epithelial cell Mg2+-stimulated Na+,K+-ATPase isolated from the cultured lenses indicates H2O2-induced modification. At 5 mM MgATP, ATP hydrolysis is accelerated 30%; at 3 mM MgATP, hydrolysis is normal; and at 0.75 mM MgATP, it is inhibited 75%. p-Nitrophenyl phosphate hydrolysis and eosin maleimide binding indicate that K+ control of the enzyme is modified. Thus, a very early effect of H2O2 upon the lens, well before the formation of opacity, appears to be the uncoupling of Na+ and K+ transport from ATP hydrolysis.
Hyperspectral Imaging for Safety and Security (2015)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Valerie C. Coffey, "Hyperspectral Imaging for Safety and Security," Optics & Photonics News 26(10), 26-33 (2015) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Development of an observation and control system for industrial laser cladding (2009)

Laser cladding has become an important surface modification technique in today’s industry. It is not only applied for coating new products but also for repair and refurbishment as well as in rapid prototyping. A laser clad workstation has been developed. It uses a 4 kW Nd:YAG fibre coupled laser as heat source. A specially developed optical system combines the benefits from a Top-hat energy distribution with a practical working distance. The clad material is supplied to the melt pool by a lateral powder nozzle. A camera based monitoring system for the laser cladding process has been developed. This system determines the main dimensions of the melt pool in real-time. A developed FEM model of the laser cladding process accurately predicts the shape and temperature of the clad layers by including the interaction between the laser beam and the powder jet. The model results are in good correspondence with experimental results. An extensive set of cladding experiments has been performed with variable spot size, laser power, cladding speed and powder mass rate. From the experimental work, a clear correlation between the dilution and the width of the melt pool was found. This correlation was found to be independent of the substrate temperature, enabling real time control of the dilution by adjusting the laser power. A feedback control strategy was developed and implemented based on the melt pool width information from the camera. As a result, the energy input into the substrate and consequently thermal distortion of the products is minimized, while a good metallurgical bonding and minimal dilution are obtained. Due to this minimal dilution, the hardness of the clad layer can be controlled and maintained to be uniform. High temperature gradients and different material properties may cause high residual stresses or even cracks. To investigate this effect, a simple and fast method based on deflection measurements has been developed. The residual stress values obtained by this procedure have been compared with stresses from X-ray measurements. The results show tensile stresses of large magnitude develop in the layer, which increase with the cladding speed.
Microbiology of Wetwood: Importance of Pectin Degradation and <i>Clostridium</i> Species in Living Trees (1981)

Wetwood samples from standing trees of eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides), black poplar (Populus nigra), and American elm (Ulmus americana) contained high numbers of aerobic and anaerobic pectin-degrading bacteria (10 to 10 cells per g of wood). High activity of polygalacturonate lyase (</=0.5 U/ml) was also detected in the fetid liquid that spurted from wetwood zones in the lower trunk when the trees were bored. A prevalent pectin-degrading obligately anaerobic bacterium isolated from these wetwoods was identified as Clostridium butyricum. Pectin decomposition by C. butyricum strain 4P1 was associated with an inducible polygalacturonate lyase and pectin methylesterase, the same types of pectinolytic activity expressed in the wetwood of these trees. The pH optimum of the extracellular polygalacturonate lyase was alkaline (near pH 8.5). In vitro tests with sapwood samples from a conifer (Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii) showed that tori in membranes of bordered pits are degraded by pure cultures of strain 4P1, polygalacturonate lyase enzyme preparations of strain 4P1, and mixed methanogenic cultures from the tree samples of wetwood. These results provide evidence that pectin in xylem tissue is actively degraded by C. butyricum strain 4P1 via polygalacturonate lyase activity. The importance of pectin degradation by bacteria, including Clostridium species, appears paramount in the formation and maintenance of the wetwood syndrome in certain living trees.
Cuff-less continuous monitoring of beat-to-beat blood pressure using a Kalman filter and sensor fusion (2000)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2000.
On Estimating the Dependence Between Two Point Processes (1989)

To assess the dependence structure in a stationary bivariate point process the second-order distribution can be very useful. We prove that the natural estimates of this distribution, based on a realization $A_1 < A_2 < \cdots < A_{n_A}, B_1 < B_2 < \cdots < B_{n_B}$ are asymptotically normal and we present a method for constructing approximate confidence intervals for this distribution.
Long-Chain Fatty Acid Metabolism in Dairy Cows: A Meta-Analysis of Milk Fatty Acid Yield in Relation to Duodenal Flows and De Novo Synthesis (2008)

This study is a meta-analysis of the response of milk long-chain fatty acid (FA) yield and composition to lipid supply, based on published experiments reporting duodenal FA flows or duodenal lipid infusions and milk FA composition (i.e., 39 experiments reporting 139 experimental treatments). Analysis of these data underlined the interdependence between milk yields of C18 and short- and medium-chain (C4 to C16) FA. Lipid supplementation (producing an increase in duodenal C18 flow) decreased linearly milk C4 to C16 yield (-0.26 g of C4 to C16 produced per gram of duodenal C18 flow increase) and increased quadratically milk C18 yield. When these 2 effects increased the percentage of C18 in milk FA up to a threshold value (around 52% of total FA), then milk C18 yield was limited by C4 to C16 yield, decreasing the C18 transfer efficiency from duodenum to milk with high-lipid diets. Moreover, for a given duodenal C18 flow, a decrease in milk C4 to C16 yield induced a decrease in milk C18 yield. Despite high variations in C18 transfer efficiency between duodenum and milk, for a given experimental condition, the percentages of C18 FA in milk total C18 could be predicted from their percentages in duodenal C18, and the percentages at the duodenum and in milk were very similar when mammary desaturation was taken into account (i.e., considering the sums of substrates and products of mammary desaturase). The estimated amounts of 18:0, trans-11-, and trans-13-18:1 desaturated by the mammary gland were a linear function of their mammary uptake, and mammary desaturation was responsible for 80, 95, and 81%, respectively, of the yield of their products (i.e., cis-9-18:1; cis-9, trans-11-, and cis-9, trans-13-18:2). Thus, mammary FA desaturation capacity did not seem to be a limiting factor in the experimental conditions published so far.
Nonlocal electrodynamics of two-dimensional wire mesh photonic crystals (2002)

We analytically calculate the spectra of plasma waves and electromagnetic waves (EMW's) in metallic photonic crystals consisting of parallel thin infinite metallic cylinders embedded in the dielectric media. The axes of metallic cylinders form a regular square lattice in a plane perpendicular to them. The metal inside the cylinders is assumed to be in the high-frequency regime $\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\gg}1,$ where \ensuremath{\tau} is the relaxation time. The proposed analytical theory is based upon small parameters $f\ensuremath{\ll}1,$ where f is the volume fraction of the metal, and $\mathrm{kR}\ensuremath{\ll}1,$ where k is the wave vector and R is the radius of the cylinder. It is shown that there are five different branches of the EMW that cover all frequency ranges under consideration except one very small omnidirectional gap in the vicinity of the frequency of the surface plasmon. However, at some directions of propagation and polarizations the gap may be much larger. The reflection and refraction of the EMW are also considered. A general theory of refraction is proposed which is complicated by the spatial dispersion of the dielectric constant, and one particular geometry of an incident EMW is considered.
Proposed Methods for Producing Short Intense Monoenergetic Ion Pulses (1952)

A method is outlined whereby suitable periodic deflection over the range of possible path lengths between foci of an appropriate focusing magnet is utilized to convert a continuous monoenergetic ion beam at one focus into very short duration high intensity monoenergetic ion pulses at the other focus. Time-of-flight analysis of reaction particle pulses resulting from the interaction of the ion pulses with stationary target nuclei is discussed, and the application of this method to the elastic and inelastic scattering of neutrons is considered briefly.
Selective Blockade of CD28-Mediated T Cell Costimulation Protects Rhesus Monkeys against Acute Fatal Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (2015)

Costimulatory and coinhibitory receptor-ligand pairs on T cells and APC control the immune response. We have investigated whether selective blockade of CD28-CD80/86 costimulatory interactions, which preserves the coinhibitory CTLA4-CD80/86 interactions and the function of regulatory T (Treg) cells, abrogates the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rhesus monkeys. EAE was induced by intracutaneous immunization with recombinant human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (rhMOG) in CFA on day 0. FR104 is a monovalent, PEGylated-humanized Fab' Ab fragment against human CD28, cross-reactive with rhesus monkey CD28. FR104 or placebo was administered on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. FR104 levels remained high until the end of the study (day 42). Placebo-treated animals all developed clinical EAE between days 12 and 27. FR104-treated animals did not develop clinical EAE and were sacrificed at the end of the study resulting in a significantly prolonged survival. FR104 treatment diminished T and B cell responses against rhMOG, significantly reduced CNS inflammation and prevented demyelination. The inflammatory profile in the cerebrospinal fluid and brain material was also strongly reduced. Recrudescence of latent virus was investigated in blood, spleen, and brain. No differences between groups were observed for the β-herpesvirus CMV and the polyomaviruses SV40 and SA12. Cross-sectional measurement of lymphocryptovirus, the rhesus monkey EBV, demonstrated elevated levels in the blood of FR104-treated animals. Blocking rhesus monkey CD28 with FR104 mitigated autoreactive T and B cell activation and prevented CNS pathology in the rhMOG/CFA EAE model in rhesus monkeys.
An automated system for vigor testing three-day-old soybean seedlings (2003)

An image processing computer application to automatically assess the vigor of three-day-old soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill.) seedlings was developed. The software operates on acquired digital images of soybean seed lots placed on a paper towel. Soybean seedlings were extracted away from the paper towel and converted into various digital representations. These representations were used to analyze the seedlings and segment them into normal and abnormal categories. The normal seedlings were further processed so that a one-pixel-wide structure of the shape of the seedling was produced. From this summary structure, the software classified the seedlings into six type categories based on their shape. Each normal seedling was processed to remove the cotyledon portion of the summary structure based on the type category it fell into. The remaining structure, with the cotyledon removed, was then used to compute the length of each seedling in pixels. From these length measurements, speed of growth and uniformity of growth values were computed. These two values were normalized and combined into a zero to 1,000 vigor index for the seed lot. Combined with the post-processing corrective features, this computer software was able to achieve highly accurate and standardized measurements of each soybean seedling, providing an alternative to the current method of manually measuring soybean seedlings for speed and uniformity of growth when performing a vigor test.
OVERVIEW OF STRUCTURAL TOPOLOGY OPTIMIZATION METHODS FOR PLANE AND SOLID STRUCTURES (2014)

Topology optimization for structural design is a special type of problem in the optimization field. Although there are efforts to apply classic optimization techniques, the particularities of topology structural optimization have given birth to dedicated, more efficient and reliable methods. This paper is intended as an overview of both the currently accepted and the promising new methods for topology optimization as found in the scientific literature of the last 20 years. Five types of methods are described and compared, highlighting the differences, advantages and pitfalls of each one: evolutionarybased algorithms, Solid Isotropic Microstructure with Penalization (SIMP) methods, Evolutionary Structural Optimization (ESO) methods, Soft-Kill Option (SKO) and level-set methods.
Role of darunavir in the management of HIV infection (2009)

There is an ongoing need for potent antiretroviral therapies to deal with the increasing pool of treatment-experienced patients with multiple drug resistance. The last few years have seen the arrival of 2 new and very potent protease inhibitors - darunavir and tipranavir - alongside 2 whole new classes of anti-HIV agents - the integrase inhibitors and chemokine receptor CCR5 antagonists. This review focuses on the role of darunavir in managing HIV infection, with an emphasis on darunavir's exceptional resistance profile and related clinical effectiveness, pharmacokinetics, tolerability and toxicity data. Darunavir in combination with the pharmacokinetic booster ritonavir has proved to be very effective in the treatment of highly treatment-experienced HIV patients with multiple drug resistance. The favorable tolerability and toxicity profile alongside the drug's high genetic barrier to the development of resistance prompted approval of darunavir for HIV-treatment naïve patients. Furthermore, the paradigm of treating HIV with a combination of anti-HIV agents is currently being challenged by ongoing darunavir monotherapy trials and these preliminary data will be discussed.
Simultaneous detection of nucleotide excision repair events and apoptosis-induced DNA fragmentation in genotoxin-treated cells (2018)

Novel in vivo excision assays for monitoring the excised oligonucleotide products of nucleotide excision repair in UV-irradiated cells have provided unprecedented views of the kinetics and genomic distribution of repair events. However, an unresolved issue is the fate of the excised oligonucleotide products of repair and their mechanism of degradation. Based on our observation that decreases in excised oligonucleotide abundance coincide with the induction of apoptotic signaling in UV-irradiated cells, we considered the possibility that caspase-mediated apoptotic signaling contributes to excised oligonucleotide degradation or to a general inhibition of the excision repair system. However, genetic and pharmacological approaches to inhibit apoptotic signaling demonstrated that caspase-mediated apoptotic signaling does not affect excision repair or excised oligonucleotide stability. Nonetheless, our assay for detecting soluble DNAs produced by repair also revealed the production of larger DNAs following DNA damage induction that was dependent on caspase activation. We therefore further exploited the versatility of this assay by showing that soluble DNAs produced by both nucleotide excision repair and apoptotic signaling can be monitored simultaneously with a diverse set of DNA damaging agents. Thus, our in vivo excision repair assay provides a sensitive measure of both repair kinetics and apoptotic signaling in genotoxin-treated cells.
Energy loss of photovoltaic system caused by irradiance and incident angle (2003)

Recently, installation of PV systems is rapidly spread. It is necessary to establish a diagnostic method of PV systems. The authors are studying the influence of irradiance and incident angle on the energy loss of PV module. In this paper, the power loss of PV module caused by the loss factors such as intensity of irradiance and incident angles related to direct and diffuse irradiance, are estimated from the empirical formula. The changes of the power loss of PV module caused by the loss factors are described in a day and season. It found that the total loss rates of PV modules installed in the south at 35 degree of tilt angle and in the east and the west at 90 degree of tilt angle are about 4-8% and 10-17%, respectively.
Reliable system for respiratory pathology classification from breath sound signals (2016)

Analysis of breath sounds for the purpose of diagnosing respiratory pathology is of great interest in recent years. In this paper, classification of normal, wheeze, rhonchi, line and coarse crackles using breath sound signal recording is performed using signal processing and machine learning tools. Breath sounds were filtered from noise and segmented into breath cycles followed by feature extraction. AR Coefficients and Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) features were extracted from breath sound cycles. The extracted features are then classified using Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. A mean classification accuracy of 88.72% and 89.68% was reported for the features AR coefficients and MFCC features respectively. The individual classification accuracy for healthy (control subjects), wheeze, rhonchi, fine and coarse crackles are 93.75%, 87.50%, 91.66%, 87.50% and 91.66% respectively for the MFCC features. Similarly, the individual classification accuracy for healthy control, wheeze, rhonchi, fine and coarse crackles are 93.75%, 87.50%, 87.50%, 87.50% and 83.33% respectively for the AR coefficient features. The experimental result shows that the proposed method from an overall point of view can be considered as a reliable system to be used as a Computerized Decision Support System (CDSS).
Integrating Real-Time Room Acoustics Simulation into a CAD Modeling Software to Enhance the Architectural Design Process (2014)

For architects, real-time 3D visual rendering of CAD-models is a valuable tool. The architect usually perceives the visual appearance of the building interior in a natural and realistic way during the design process. Unfortunately this only emphasizes the role of the visual appearance of a building, while the acoustics often remain disregarded. Controlling the room acoustics is not integrated into most architects’ workflows—due to a lack of tools. The present contribution describes a newly developed plug-in for adding an adequate 3D-acoustics feedback to the architect. To present intuitively the acoustical effect of the current design project, the plug-in uses real-time audio rendering and 3D-reproduction. The room acoustics of the design can be varied by modifying structural shapes as well as by changing the material selection. In addition to the audio feedback, also a visualization of important room acoustics qualities is provided by displaying color-coded maps inside the CAD software.
Comparison of Three Molecular Assays for Rapid Detection of Rifampin Resistance in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (1998)

Multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is an emerging problem of great importance to public health, with higher mortality rates than drug-sensitive TB, particularly in immunocompromised patients. MDR-TB patients require treatment with more-toxic second-line drugs and remain infectious for longer than patients infected with drug-sensitive strains, incurring higher costs due to prolonged hospitalization. It is estimated that 90% of United Kingdom rifampin-resistant isolates are also resistant to isoniazid, making rifampin resistance a useful surrogate marker for multidrug resistance and indicating that second- and third-line drugs to which these isolates are susceptible are urgently required. Resistance in approximately 95% of rifampin-resistant isolates is due to mutations in a 69-bp region of the rpoB gene, making this a good target for molecular genotypic diagnostic methods. Two molecular assays, INNO-LiPA Rif.TB (Innogenetics, Zwijndrecht, Belgium) and MisMatch Detect II (Ambion, Austin, Tex.), were performed on primary specimens and cultures to predict rifampin resistance, and these methods were compared with the resistance ratio method. A third method, the phenotypic PhaB assay, was also evaluated in comparison to cultures in parallel with the genotypic assays. In an initial evaluation 16 of 16, 15 of 16, and 16 of 16 rifampin-resistant cultures (100, 93.8, and 100%, respectively), were correctly identified by line probe assay (LiPA), mismatch assay, and PhaB assay, respectively. Subsequently 38 sputa and bronchealveolar lavage specimens and 21 isolates were received from clinicians for molecular analysis. For the 38 primary specimens the LiPA and mismatch assay correlated with culture and subsequent identification and susceptibility tests in 36 and 38 specimens (94.7 and 100%), respectively. For the 21 isolates submitted by clinicians, both assays correlated 100% with routine testing.
beta 2-Microglobulin instability in pathological urine. (1982)

Urinary excretion of beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M) is a widely used test of renal proximal tubular function. beta 2M is known to be unstable in normal urine with a pH less than 5.5. The results of a study of beta 2M excretion in patients receiving gentamicin suggested that beta 2M might be more unstable in pathological urine. A series of experiments was designed to define the extent, variability, and mechanism of its instability in pathological urine. It was unstable in pathological urine with a pH of 6.0 at 37 degrees C and pH 5.5 at room temperature, but this varied in urines from different patients. The instability was abolished by heating the urine to 80 degrees C. These results suggest that the most likely explanation for the instability is enzymic degradation. Because enzymuria will vary among patients, investigators should test the stability of beta 2M in urine from the patients they wish to study before trying to define conditions for urine collection.