gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Drug Release Characteristics of Ternary Mica/Phosphatidylcholine/Drug Intercalation Compounds. (1998)

The intercalation of layered inorganic materials, synthetic mica (TSM), with drugs and their drug release characteristics were investigated using intermediate intercalation compounds with phosphatidylcholine (H-PC). Oil-soluble indomethacin and water-soluble imipramine chloride were selected as model drugs. The drug intercalation compounds were prepared by two methods. The first one was the "solvent method" in which the intermediate intercalation compound of TSM with H-PC was prepared in advance using a chloroform solution of H-PC. The intermediate was then mixed with a drug and heated at 180°C to prepare the ternary TSM/H-PC/drug compound. The second one was the "heating method" in which the mixture of (TSM+H-PC+drug) was heated at 180°C to prepare TSM/H-PC/drug directly. The release rate was controlled using a disintegrator (L-HPC). In the case of a tablet sample, the release rate indomethacin was controllable from 60 min (10% L-HPC) to longer than 420 min (3% L-HPC) in the case of the solvent method. A similar result was obtained in the case of imipramine chloride.
Lateral npn bipolar transistor for high current gain applications at reduced temperatures (2003)

The possibility of operating a high-current-gain lateral bipolar junction transistor (BJT), derived from a CMOS structure by jointing the gate and the substrate to form the base of the BJT, at very low temperature is described. This transistor does not suffer any current gain degradation at 77 K due to heavy doping effects. The structure can also be used in a BiCMOS technology on SOI. The principles of operation are described, and the device parasitics are discussed. Experimental results for a device obtained from a 0.5- mu m MOSFET and for an equivalent device built on a 0.3- mu m SOI with ZMR epitaxial layer are presented and discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Performance analysis for time synchronization of D2D communication in heterogeneous networks (2014)

In this paper, we describe time synchronization for D2D communication in heterogeneous networks. The transmission time and the detection time for D2D communication are considered in the case that each node basically has the uplink transmission time which is used for time synchronization with the base station. The analysis shows that the suitable transmission and detection times are generally the frame starting time or the uplink transmission time although they depend on the relationship among the location of received nodes, the CP length, the D2D radius, and the cell radius. In addition, the performance analysis demonstrates that the arbitrary transmission and detection times can result in serious performance degradation.
Carcinogenesis induced by UVA (365-nm) radiation: the dose-time dependence of tumor formation in hairless mice (1997)

Although ultraviolet B (UVB wavelengths 280-315 nm) dominates the carcinogenic effect of sunlight, ultraviolet A (UVA 315-400 nm) is estimated to contribute 10-20% to the carcinogenic dose; a substantial background that is not affected by a depletion of the ozone layer. Furthermore, certain high-power modern tanning lamps emit mainly long wave UVA (UVA1; 340-400 nm). For a proper risk estimate of UVA exposure its carcinogenicity relative to that of UVB exposure needs to be determined more accurately. To this end we determined the dose-time relationship for skin tumor induction in hairless mice that were irradiated daily with custom-made Philips 365-nm sources. Irradiation of the group exposed to the highest of the four daily doses (430, 240, 140 and 75 kJ/m2) had to be discontinued because severe scratching set in after 3 months (no tumors). In the lower dose-groups the prevalence curves for skin carcinomas (percentage of tumor-bearing mice versus logarithm of time) ran virtually parallel, and were similar to those found with daily UVB exposure. However, the relationship between the daily dose (D) and the median tumor induction time (t50) appeared to differ: with UVB we found that t50 D(r) = constant, with r = 0.6, whereas with UVA1 we found r approximately 0.4. This would imply that 365-nm carcinogenesis shows less of a dose-dependency than UVB carcinogenesis, and that 365-nm radiation becomes more carcinogenic, relative to UVB, as the daily doses are lowered. This relative shift at low doses complicates extrapolation of UVB to UVA risks in humans. Based on the t50 from the lowest dose-group we found that the carcinogenicity at 365 nm (per J/m2) is 0.9 x 10(-4) times that at 293 nm, the wavelength of maximum carcinogenicity in hairless mice. This result for 365-nm carcinogenicity falls well within the margins of error of the wavelength dependency that was estimated earlier from experiments with broadband UV sources.
Thienamycin: New Beta-Lactam Antibiotic with Potent Broad-Spectrum Activity (1979)

Thienamycin, a new beta-lactam antibiotic, exhibited potent, broad-spectrum activity in vitro against gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci, including many isolates resistant to currently available antibiotics. All isolates were inhibited at concentrations less than or equal to 25 mug/ml, with the exception of 12% of isolates of Enterobacter spp. and 3% of isolates of Serratia marcescens. Its activity decreased with an increase in inoculum concentration of from 10(5) to 10(7) cells per ml.
A Unified Nomenclature and Amino Acid Numbering for Human PTEN (2014)

The tumor suppressor PTEN is a major brake for cell transformation, mainly due to its phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P3] phosphatase activity that directly counteracts the oncogenicity of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). PTEN mutations are frequent in tumors and in the germ line of patients with tumor predisposition or with neurological or cognitive disorders, which makes the PTEN gene and protein a major focus of interest in current biomedical research. After almost two decades of intense investigation on the 403-residue-long PTEN protein, a previously uncharacterized form of PTEN has been discovered that contains 173 amino-terminal extra amino acids, as a result of an alternate translation initiation site. To facilitate research in the field and to avoid ambiguities in the naming and identification of PTEN amino acids from publications and databases, we propose here a unifying nomenclature and amino acid numbering for this longer form of PTEN.
Combining Different Summarization Techniques for Legal Text (2012)

Summarization, like other natural language processing tasks, is tackled with a range of different techniques - particularly machine learning approaches, where human intuition goes into attribute selection and the choice and tuning of the learning algorithm. Such techniques tend to apply differently in different contexts, so in this paper we describe a hybrid approach in which a number of different summarization techniques are combined in a rule-based system using manual knowledge acquisition, where human intuition, supported by data, specifies not only attributes and algorithms, but the contexts where these are best used. We apply this approach to automatic summarization of legal case reports. We show how a preliminary knowledge base, composed of only 23 rules, already outperforms competitive baselines.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Pathogenesis and the Role of Antioxidants (2002)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a wide spectrum of liver injury ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Whereas simple steatosis has a benign clinical course, steatohepatitis is a recognized cause of progressive liver fibrosis and can develop into cirrhosis. NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are the two most common chronic liver diseases in United States general population with a prevalence of 20% and 3%, respectively. Hepatic steatosis is frequently associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hyperlipidemia with insulin resistance as a key pathogenic factor. A two-hit theory best describes the progression from simple steatosis to NASH, fibrosis, or cirrhosis. These two hits consist of the accumulation of excessive hepatic fat primarily owing to insulin resistance, and oxidative stress owing to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondria are the major cellular source of ROS in cases of NASH. Currently, treatment is focused on modifying risk factors such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. Antioxidants such as vitamin E, N-acetylcysteine, betaine, and others may be beneficial in the treatment of NASH.
Delay-tolerant networking: an approach to interplanetary Internet (2003)

Increasingly, network applications must communicate with counterparts across disparate networking environments characterized by significantly different sets of physical and operational constraints; wide variations in transmission latency are particularly troublesome. The proposed Interplanetary Internet, which must encompass both terrestrial and interplanetary links, is an extreme case. An architecture based on a "least common denominator" protocol that can operate successfully and (where required) reliably in multiple disparate environments would simplify the development and deployment of such applications. The Internet protocols are ill suited for this purpose. We identify three fundamental principles that would underlie a delay-tolerant networking (DTN) architecture and describe the main structural elements of that architecture, centered on a new end-to-end overlay network protocol called Bundling. We also examine Internet infrastructure adaptations that might yield comparable performance but conclude that the simplicity of the DTN architecture promises easier deployment and extension.
Performance on tests of central auditory processing by individuals exposed to high-intensity blasts (2012)

Thirty-six blast-exposed patients and twenty-nine non-blast-exposed control subjects were tested on a battery of behavioral and electrophysiological tests that have been shown to be sensitive to central auditory processing deficits. Abnormal performance among the blast-exposed patients was assessed with reference to normative values established as the mean performance on each test by the control subjects plus or minus two standard deviations. Blast-exposed patients performed abnormally at rates significantly above that which would occur by chance on three of the behavioral tests of central auditory processing: the Gaps-In-Noise, Masking Level Difference, and Staggered Spondaic Words tests. The proportion of blast-exposed patients performing abnormally on a speech-in-noise test (Quick Speech-In-Noise) was also significantly above that expected by chance. These results suggest that, for some patients, blast exposure may lead to difficulties with hearing in complex auditory environments, even when peripheral hearing sensitivity is near normal limits.
Desulfonylation of 2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-.alpha.-toluenesulfonyl-.alpha.-chymotrypsin (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDesulfonylation of 2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitro-.alpha.-toluenesulfonyl-.alpha.-chymotrypsinWilliam H. Berg and E. T. KaiserCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 14, 4121–4126Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00847a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00847a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views61Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Iridium Based Ultramicroelectrodes (1990)

Preview this article: Iridium Based Ultramicroelectrodes, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/pmr/34/3/pmr0034-0131-1.gif
Terahertz waveguide components fabricated usinga 3D x-ray microfabrication technique (1996)

A novel process using embedded x-ray masks that allows the fabrication of 3D terahertz waveguide components is demonstrated. X-rays produced by a laser plasma source are used to expose a chemically amplified resist. To produce structures with the required depth (~50 µm) a cyclic exposure and development technique is used. A representative waveguide cavity intended for operation at 2.5 THz is realised.
Decursin from <i>Angelica gigas</i> Nakai Inhibits B16F10 Melanoma Growth Through Induction of Apoptosis (2015)

Decursin, a bioactive phytochemical isolated from Angelica gigas Nakai (danggwi), has shown preclinical anticancer efficacy in various cancer models. However, the antitumor effect of decursin in melanoma models remains undefined. The antitumor activities of decursin were investigated in B16F10 cells in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we show that treatment with decursin inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner in B16F10 cells, but not in normal cells. Decursin also induced apoptosis in B16F10 cells, as determined by annexin V-staining assay and transferase-mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining assay. Decursin increased the phosphorylation of p38 as well as the expression of Bax while decreasing the phosphorylation of extracellular signaling-regulated kinase (ERK) and the expression of Bcl-2 in B16F10 cells. Moreover, decursin activated caspase-3 in B16F10 cells and xenograft tumor tissue. Together, these findings support further investigations into the potential use of decursin in the treatment of melanoma cells.
Heat shock treatments delay the increase in wound‐induced phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase activity by altering its expression, not its induction in Romaine lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa</i>) tissue (2005)

Wounding lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L., var. Longifolia) leaves induced an eight‐fold increase in the activity of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL; EC 4.3.1.5), and the subsequent accumulation of phenolic compounds and tissue browning at 10°C. PAL is a key enzyme in the synthesis of phenolic compounds. A PAL cDNA was previously isolated by reverse‐transcription PCR using total RNA from wounded lettuce leaves. RNA gel blots showed that maximum accumulation of both PAL mRNA and PAL enzyme activity occurred 24 h after wounding. A 2‐min heat shock at 45°C administered within 5 min of wounding delayed the wound‐induced increase in PAL activity, but did not delay the increase in wound‐induced PAL mRNA. Changes in the content of PAL protein were also followed by immunoblot using anti‐PAL antibody raised against the bacterially expressed protein from the cDNA. Immunoblots showed that the level of PAL protein in wounded lettuce tissue was significantly reduced by the heat shock treatment. These data suggest that heat shock reduces the rise in wound‐induced PAL enzyme activity by reducing the translation of wound‐induced PAL mRNA, or by increasing the turnover of the induced PAL protein.
All-SiC inductively coupled charger with integrated plug-in and boost functionalities for PEV applications (2016)

So far, the charging functionality for vehicles has been integrated either into the traction drive system or to the dc-dc converters in plug-in electric vehicles (PEV). This study features a unique way of combining the wired and wireless charging functionalities with vehicle side boost converter and maintaining the isolation to provide a hybrid plug-in and wireless charging solution to the plug-in electric vehicle users. The proposed integrated charger combined with SiC technology shows the end-to-end and dc-to-dc system efficiencies of 85.9% and 88.9% for wireless charging mode, and 88.8% and 92.4% for the wired charging mode of operation.
Two Factors Associated with Increased Uptake of Calcium in Platelets from Essential Hypertensive Patients (1987)

The relative rate of calcium transport into platelets from essential hypertensive patients and healthy normotensive donors was measured using the metallochromic indicator arsenazo III and recording net decrease in optical density per 5 minutes (O.D.U./5 min). When platelets from essential hypertensive patients were suspended in the patient's own serum, calcium was transported more rapidly than when suspended in normal sera (0.0166 vs 0.0113 O.D.U./5 min, P less than 0.01) indicating that the difference is due to a circulating factor. When platelets from healthy normotensive volunteers were suspended in the donor's own serum or in a pool of normal sera, the relative rate of transport was lower than in the case of platelets from hypertensives suspended in the pool of normal sera (0.005 vs 0.0113 O.D.U./5 min, P less than 0.01) which suggests a membrane alteration rendering the platelets from hypertensives more permeable to calcium. It was observed that the increase of calcium entry was inhibited by verapamil. The nature of these circulating and membrane-associated factors is at present unknown, but the circulating factor was capable of increasing the membrane permeability to calcium in normal human platelets (from 0.0057 to 0.011 O.D.U./5 min, P less than 0.01) and even in rat liver mitochondria, an effect that was inhibited by ruthenium red.
Robot-to-Camera Calibration: A Generic Approach Using 6D Detections (2017)

For vision controlled manipulation with a robotic arm, knowledge of the camera to end effector transformation is important. This is typically done by classical hand-eye calibration, where a transformation is estimated by observing a known calibration object under different robot poses. The same holds for mobile bases as well, where the mounted cameras' poses with respect to the robot need to be known. However, there are cases where this robot/hand-eye calibration is not possible, for example because of limited movability or reduced precision of the robot. We want to present a new calibration method, which allows for a precise calibration also in these situations. This is achieved by rotating the robot around one axis and sampling a high number of visual features, in our case AprilTag markers. By fitting a Bingham distribution to the sampled markers around several configurations of the robot and determining the rotation center and axis, a mathematical model connecting the kinematics of the robot to the camera frame of reference can be found. We show that this method can be applied to cases where a classical hand-eye calibration fails, e.g. a robot base with limited movability. Our method allows an estimation of the camera to robot transformation even under those challenging conditions, e.g. where no part of the robot is visible from the camera.
Association of multiple-antibiotic-resistance profiles with point and nonpoint sources of Escherichia coli in Apalachicola Bay (1997)

A total of 765 Escherichia coli isolates from point and nonpoint sources were collected from the Apalachicola National Estuarine Research Reserve, and their multiple-antibiotic-resistance (MAR) profiles were determined with 10 antibiotics. E. coli isolates from point sources showed significantly greater resistance (P < 0.05) to antibiotics and higher MAR indices than isolates from nonpoint sources. Specifically, 65 different resistance patterns were observed among point source isolates, compared to 32 among nonpoint source isolates. Examples of this contrast in MAR profiles included percentages of isolates with resistance to chlortetracycline-sulfathiazole of 33.7% and to chlortetracycline-penicillin G-sulfathiazole of 14.5% for point source isolates versus 15.4 and 1.7%, respectively, for nonpoint source isolates. MAR profile homology, based on coefficient similarity, showed that isolates from point sources were markedly more diverse than isolates from nonpoint sources. Seven clusters were observed among point source isolates, with a coefficient value of approximately 1.8. In contrast, only four clusters were observed among nonpoint source isolates. Covariance matrices of data displayed six very distinct foci representing nonpoint source E. coli isolates. Importantly, E. coli isolates obtained directly from human and animal feces also clustered among point and nonpoint sources, respectively. We conclude that E. coli MAR profiles were associated with point and nonpoint sources of pollution within Apalachicola Bay and that this method may be useful in facilitating management of other estuaries.
Opportunities for biological control of ruminal methanogenesis (1999)

Methane is a major waste product from ruminants, contributing 53% of Australia's total emissions of the gas. Arange of chemical inhibitors of methanogenesis are known to be effective but the real and perceived risks to the environment and health from chemical residues may curtail widespread application of these products in ruminant industries. As with other agricultural industries, future control of unwanted organisms (such as methanogens) is likely to lie with biocontrol agents rather than with chemicals. Opportunities exist for biological reduction of rumen methane emissions using direct means (viruses and bacteriocins specific to methanogens), and indirectly through the elimination of rumen protozoa which symbiotically support some rumen methanogens. The feasibility of these approaches and their current research position are discussed. The most promising work to date is using the common food preservative, nisin (a safe and naturally occurring bacteriocin). When ruminal contents were incubated with nisin in vitro , methane emissions were reduced by 36%.
<scp>FAM</scp>83 family oncogenes are broadly involved in human cancers: an integrative multi‐omics approach (2017)

The development of novel targeted therapies for cancer treatment requires identification of reliable targets. FAM83 ('family with sequence similarity 83') family members A, B, and D were shown recently to have oncogenic potential. However, the overall oncogenic abilities of FAM83 family genes remain largely unknown. Here, we used a systematic and integrative genomics approach to investigate oncogenic properties of the entire FAM83 family members. We assessed transcriptional expression patterns of eight FAM83 family genes (FAM83A-H) across tumor types, the relationship between their expression and changes in DNA copy number, and the association with patient survival. By comparing the gene expression levels of FAM83 family members in cancers from 17 different tumor types with those in their corresponding normal tissues, we identified consistent upregulation of FAM83D and FAM83H across the majority of tumor types, which is largely driven by increased DNA copy number. Importantly, we found also that a higher expression level of a signature of FAM83 family members was associated with poor prognosis in a number of human cancers. In breast cancer, we found that alterations in FAM83 family genes correlated significantly with TP53 mutation, whereas significant, but inverse correlation was observed with PIK3CA and CDH1 (E-cadherin) mutations. We also identified that expression levels of 55 proteins were significantly associated with alterations in FAM83 family genes including a decrease in GATA3, ESR1, and PGR proteins in tumors with alterations in FAM83. Our results provide strong evidence for a critical role of FAM83 family genes in tumor development, with possible relevance for therapeutic target development.