gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell adhesion and mechanical stimulation in the regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation (2013)

Stem cells have been shown to have the potential to provide a source of cells for applications to tissue engineering and organ repair. The mechanisms that regulate stem cell fate, however, mostly remain unclear. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells that are isolated from bone marrow and other adult tissues, and can be differentiated into multiple cell lineages, such as bone, cartilage, fat, muscles and neurons. Although previous studies have focused intensively on the effects of chemical signals that regulate MSC commitment, the effects of physical/mechanical cues of the microenvironment on MSC fate determination have long been neglected. However, several studies provided evidence that mechanical signals, both direct and indirect, played important roles in regulating a stem cell fate. In this review, we summarize a number of recent studies on how cell adhesion and mechanical cues influence the differentiation of MSCs into specific lineages. Understanding how chemical and mechanical cues in the microenvironment orchestrate stem cell differentiation may provide new insights into ways to improve our techniques in cell therapy and organ repair.
Vivid room: human intention detection and activity support environment for ubiquitous autonomy (2004)

In this paper, we propose the human behavior detection and activity support environment vivid room. Human behaviors in vivid room are detected by many kinds of sensors embedded in the room (i.e. magnet sensors for doors/drawers, micro-switches for chairs, ID-tags for humans) and those information are collected by sensor server via RF-tag system and LAN. In order to recognize meaningful human behaviors (i.e. studying, eating, resting, etc.), we've employed ID4 based learning system. Also we've developed human activity support system by using sound and voice by taking account of human behaviors in the room. The experimental results, which denote the accuracy of human behavior recognition and the quality of human support, are also shown.
ggfortify: Unified Interface to Visualize Statistical Results of Popular R Packages (2016)

The ggfortify package provides a unified interface that enables users to use one line of code to visualize statistical results of many R packages using ggplot2 idioms. With the help of ggfortify, statisticians, data scientists, and researchers can avoid the sometimes repetitive work of using the ggplot2 syntax to achieve what they need.
Proposed Product Label for Electric Lamps Used in the Plant Sciences (2017)

Electric lamps are widely used to supplement sunlight (supplemental lighting) and daylength extension (photoperiodic lighting) for the production of horticultural crops in greenhouses and controlled environments. Recent advances in light-emitting diode (LED) technology now provide the horticultural industry with multiple lighting options. However, growers are unable to compare technologies and LED options because of insufficient data on lamp performance metrics. Here, we propose a standardized product label that facilitates the comparison of lamps across manufacturers. This label includes the photosynthetically active radiation ( PAR ) efficacy, PAR conversion efficiency, photon flux density output in key wave bands, as well as the phytochrome photostationary state (PSS), red/far red ratio, and graphs of the normalized photon flux density across the 300–900 nm wave band and a horizontal distribution of the light output.
The Determination of X-ray Energy Distributions by the Absorption Method (1947)

1. The Jones-Silberstein method of determining the spectral distribution of the radiation from an X-ray tube is summarised. 2. Its self-consistency is examined experimentally and discussed. 3. Values of absorption data for aluminium, copper and tin resulting from a survey of published material are tabulated, and formulæ are fitted to the values of μ so obtained. 4. The Jones-Silberstein method is extended to cover those cases in which radiation characteristic of the target material is present. 5. The variation with voltage of the ratio of characteristic radiation to continuous radiation is given for the case of tungsten. 6. The accuracy of the method is discussed.
Operational Considerations of the Advanced Photovoltaic Solar Array (1992)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In 1985, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), under sponsorship from the NASA Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology (OAST), initiated the Advanced Photovoltaic Solar Array (APSA) Program. The objective of the program was to demonstrate a producible solar array system by the early 1990's with a beginning-of-life (BOL) specific power of &gt;130 w/kg at 10 kw as an intermediate milestone towards NASA's far-term goal of 300 w/kg at 20 kw.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In 1991, a prototype flatpack, foldout, flexible blanket wing had been built and was subjected to a series of deployment tests and stowed launch loading tests to demonstrate design feasibility. Array performance was over 130 w/kg @ 12 kw using currently available technology and components. With advanced solar cell technology, the design has the potential to achieve the far-term goal of 300 w/kg.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper discusses issues affecting array long-term operational performance, in particular, circuit electrical integrity from shadowed and cracked cell modules. Flight test modules both recently fabricated and under fabrication are described. Finally, development of advanced high performance blanket technology for future APSA enhancement is presented.</div>
An Update on Less Invasive and Endoscopic Techniques Mimicking the Effect of Bariatric Surgery (2012)

Obesity (BMI 30-35 kg/m(2)) and its associated disorders such as type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease have reached pandemic proportions worldwide. For the morbidly obese population (BMI 35-50 kg/m(2)), bariatric surgery has proven to be the most effective treatment to achieve significant and sustained weight loss, with concomitant positive effects on the metabolic syndrome. However, only a minor percentage of eligible candidates are treated by means of bariatric surgery. In addition, the expanding obesity epidemic consists mostly of relatively less obese patients who are not (yet) eligible for bariatric surgery. Hence, less invasive techniques and devices are rapidly being developed. These novel entities mimic several aspects of bariatric surgery either by gastric restriction (gastric balloons, gastric plication), by influencing gastric function (gastric botulinum injections, gastric pacing, and vagal nerve stimulation), or by partial exclusion of the small intestine (duodenal-jejunal sleeve). In the last decade, several novel less invasive techniques have been introduced and some have been abandoned again. The aim of this paper is to discuss the safety, efficacy, complications, reversibility, and long-term results of these latest developments in the treatment of obesity.
Cardioprotection Induced by Adenosine A1 Receptor Agonists in a Cardiac Cell Ischemia Model Involves Cooperative Activation of Adenosine A2A and A2B Receptors by Endogenous Adenosine (2009)

Extracellular adenosine concentrations increase within the heart during ischemia, and any exogenous adenosine receptor agonists therefore work in the context of significant local agonist concentrations. We evaluated the interactions between A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 receptors in the presence and absence of adenosine deaminase (ADA, which is used to remove endogenous adenosine) in a cardiac cell ischemia model. Simulated ischemia (SI) was induced by incubating H9c2(2-1) cells in SI medium for 12 hours in 100% N2 gas before assessment of necrosis using propidium iodide (5 microM) or apoptosis using AnnexinV-PE flow cytometry. N6-Cyclopentyladenosine (CPA; 10(-7)M) and N6-(3-iodobenzyl) adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide (IB-MECA; 10(-7)M) reduced the proportion of nonviable cells to 30.87 +/- 2.49% and 35.18 +/- 10.30%, respectively (% of SI group). In the presence of ADA, the protective effect of CPA was reduced (62.82 +/- 3.52% nonviable), whereas the efficacy of IB-MECA was unchanged (35.81 +/- 3.84% nonviable; P < 0.05, n = 3-5, SI vs. SI + ADA). The protective effects of CPA and IB-MECA were abrogated in the presence of their respective antagonists DPCPX (8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine) and MRS1191 [3-ethyl-5-benzyl-2-methyl-4-phenylethynyl-6-phenyl-1,4-(+/-)-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate], whereas A2A and A2B agonists had no significant effect. CPA-mediated protection was abrogated in the presence of both A2A (ZM241385, 4-(2-[7-amino-2-(2-furyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[2,3-a][1,3,5]triazin-5-lamino]ethyl)phenol; 50 nM) and A2B (MRS1754, 8-[4-[((4-cyanophenyl)carbamoylmethyl)oxy]phenyl]-1,3-di(n-propyl)xanthine; 200 nM) antagonists (n = 3-5, P < 0.05). In the absence of endogenous adenosine, significant protection was observed with CPA in presence of CGS21680 (4-[2-[[6-amino-9-(N-ethyl-b-D-ribofuranuronamidosyl)-9H-purin-2-yl]amino]ethyl]benzenepropanoic acid) or LUF5834 [2-amino-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethylsulfanyl)pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile] (P < 0.05 vs. SI + ADA + CPA). Apoptosis (14.35 +/- 0.15% of cells in SI + ADA group; P < 0.05 vs. control) was not significantly reduced by CPA or IB-MECA. In conclusion, endogenous adenosine makes a significant contribution to A1 agonist-mediated prevention of necrosis in this SI model by cooperative interactions with both A2A and A2B receptors but does not play a role in A3 agonist-mediated protection.
PDBsum: summaries and analyses of PDB structures (2001)

PDBsum is a web-based database providing a largely pictorial summary of the key information on each macromolecular structure deposited at the Protein Data Bank (PDB). It includes images of the structure, annotated plots of each protein chain's secondary structure, detailed structural analyses generated by the PROMOTIF program, summary PROCHECK results and schematic diagrams of protein-ligand and protein-DNA interactions. RasMol scripts highlight key aspects of the structure, such as the protein's domains, PROSITE patterns and protein-ligand interactions, for interactive viewing in 3D. Numerous links take the user to related sites. PDBsum is updated whenever any new structures are released by the PDB and is freely accessible via http://www.biochem.ucl.ac.uk/bsm/pdbsum.
Absence of Fyn and Src Causes a Reeler-Like Phenotype (2005)

Nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases of the Src family regulate the survival, proliferation, differentiation, and motility of many cell types, but their roles in brain development are unclear. Biochemical and in vitro experiments implicate Src and Fyn in the Reelin-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of Dab1, which controls the positioning of radially migrating neurons in many brain regions. However, genetic evidence that either Src or Fyn mediates Reelin-dependent migrations in vivo has been lacking. Here, we report that, although Src is dispensable and although the absence of Fyn causes an intermediate phenotype, the combined absence of Src and Fyn almost abolishes tyrosine phosphorylation of Dab1 and causes defects in the fetal cortex and cerebellum very similar to those of dab1 mutants of the same age. Neurogenesis is not detectably affected, but the layering of neurons in the cortex is inverted, and the formation of the Purkinje plate is impaired. This implies that Src and Fyn are needed for Reelin-dependent events during brain development.
Studies on nonvolatile resistance memory switching behaviors in InGaZnO thin films (2011)

In this study, the resistive switching characteristics of the resistive random access memory device based on sputter-deposited IGZO thin film were investigated. The bipolar switching behavior of Ti/IGZO/TiN and ITO/IGZO/TiN devices is regarded as the performance of the formation/disruption of conducting filaments in IGZO thin film. Furthermore, the influence of electrode material is investigated through Pt/IGZO/TiN devices, which perform the unipolar and bipolar behavior while applying bias on Pt and TiN electrode, respectively. In comparison with Ti/IGZO/TiN device, the electrical characteristic of Pt/IGZO/TiN device can be affected by the oxygen content in the sputtering gas mixture of IGZO film. Experimental results demonstrate that the switching behavior is selective by using proper electrode.
Ribavirin potentiates interferon action by augmenting interferon-stimulated gene induction in hepatitis C virus cell culture models (2010)

Our study suggests that ribavirin, acting by way of a novel innate mechanism, potentiates the anti-HCV effect of IFN. Understanding the mechanism of action of ribavirin would be valuable in identifying novel antivirals.
IRIS: Tapping wearable sensing to capture in-store retail insights on shoppers (2016)

We investigate the possibility of using a combination of a smartphone and a smartwatch, carried by a shopper, to get insights into the shopper's behavior inside a retail store. The proposed IRIS framework uses standard locomotive and gestural micro-activities as building blocks to define novel composite features that help classify different facets of a shopper's interaction/experience with individual items, as well as attributes of the overall shopping episode or the store. Besides defining such novel features, IRIS builds a novel segmentation algorithm, which partitions the duration of an entire shopping episode into atomic item-level interactions, by using a combination of feature-based landmarking, change point detection and variable-order HMM-based sequence prediction. Experiments with 50 real-life grocery shopping episodes, collected from 25 shoppers, we show that IRIS can demarcate item-level interactions with an accuracy of approx. 91%, and subsequently characterize item-and-episode level shopper behavior with accuracies of over 90%.
Scaling textual inference to the web (2008)

Most Web-based Q/A systems work by finding pages that contain an explicit answer to a question. These systems are helpless if the answer has to be inferred from multiple sentences, possibly on different pages. To solve this problem, we introduce the Holmes system, which utilizes textual inference (TI) over tuples extracted from text.
Femtosecond Time-Resolved Spectroscopic Studies on Thiophene Oligomers (1997)

Thiophene oligomers (nT) with two to six units in solution are studied under pulse excitation (308 nm,350 fs) in the spectral range 430−830 nm. Transient absorption and induced fluorescence emerge within 1−2 ps. An “instant” absorption (A0), which shows a size dependent spectral structure superimposes the induced fluorescence during the first 500 fs. The fast kinetic processes of different nT are very similar during the first picosecond. They were interpreted as relaxation starting from the highest accessible electronic level down to the lowest excited-state S1 of each oligomer.
Universal ureteral stent placement at hysterectomy to identify ureteral injury: a decision analysis (2008)

The cost savings of universal ureteral catheterisation at hysterectomy depend on the injury rate but are minimal at common levels of injury.
A timbre matching approach to enhance audio quality of psychoacoustic bass enhancement system (2013)

Small and flat loudspeakers usually result in poor low-frequency (or bass) responses. Conventional gain equalization does not help significantly and may even result in overdriving and distortion. A psychoacoustic approach has been found to be suitable in tricking the human ear to perceive the fundamental frequency from its higher harmonics. Past research efforts have generally focused on weighting the harmonics based on the loudness matching method, but no work on timbre matching has been carried out so far. In this paper, we propose a new timbre matching technique, which can improve the sound quality of the psychoacoustically enhanced bass. This approach adjusts the amplitude of harmonics to produce similar timbre as the original audio content. Objective and subjective tests are carried out to compare the audio quality of the psychoacoustic bass enhanced signal using the equal-loudness weighting and the timbre matching methods.
Cdc2 Kinase-dependent Disassembly of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Exit Sites Inhibits ER-to-Golgi Vesicular Transport during Mitosis (2004)

We observed the disassembly of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit sites (ERES) by confocal microscopy during mitosis in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells by using Yip1A fused to green fluorescence protein (GFP) as a transmembrane marker of ERES. Photobleaching experiments revealed that Yip1A-GFP, which was restricted to the ERES during interphase, diffused throughout the ER network during mitosis. Next, we reconstituted mitotic disassembly of Yip1A-GFP-labeled ERES in streptolysin O-permeabilized CHO cells by using mitotic L5178Y cytosol. Using the ERES disassembly assay and the anterograde transport assay of GFP-tagged VSVGts045, we demonstrated that the phosphorylation of p47 by Cdc2 kinase regulates the disassembly of ERES and results in the specific inhibition of ER-to-Golgi transport during mitosis.
Effects of Cu and Other Tramp Elements on Steel Properties. Evaluation of Susceptibility to Surface Hot Shortness in Cu-containing Steels by Tensile Test. (1997)

The feasibility of a new method for evaluating the susceptibility of steels to surface hot shortness due to Cu and Sn was examined. Steels used are IF steels containing 0.1-0.2%Cu and 0.1%C-0.5%Cu steels. Chemical compositions of the IF steels were controlled with the purpose of being as similar as possible to those of steels of which the susceptibility was previously examined by a visual method in a practical rolling process at Nippon Steel Corporation. Tensile tests were carried out at 1 100°C after heating a specimen in air or Ar gas. The total elongation and maximum load were measured from a load-elongation curve. By dividing the difference between the total elongations or maximum loads obtained in air and Ar gas by the total elongation or maximum load in Ar gas, the parameters Ee or Ep were calculated. By considering the reduction in specimen diameter due to oxidation, the Ep corrected, Ep', was calculated. The Ee, Ep and Ep' of the IF steels corresponded to the degree of surface cracks observed in the practical rolling process. Penetration of Cu-enriched phase into grain boundaries tends to occur under thermal and external stresses. Surface cracks stop growing along the depth direction at the earlier stage of deformation when the amount of Cu-enriched phase is the smaller at steel/scale interface. Tensile tests using specimens having artificial round cracks clarified that the Ee and Ep' increased with an increase in the crack depth and that, in contrast, the Ep' increased slightly and the Ee decreased with an increase in the number of cracks. The parameter Ee and Ep' showed a maximum value at a strain rate of around 3×10-2 s-1, and the difference in their values among the steels is largest around this strain rate. Therefore it is possible to know sensitively the effects of any factors like alloying or impurity elements on surface hot shortness at around this strain rate although this strain rate is much slower than those of hot workings.
Implications of insecticide resistance for malaria vector control with long-lasting insecticidal nets: evidence from health facility data from Benin (2019)

This study found no association between frequency of resistance and incidence of clinical malaria in an area where ITNs are the principal form of vector control. This may be because, as other studies have shown, ITNs continue to offer some protection from malaria even in the presence of insecticide resistance. Irrespective of resistance, nets provide only partial protection so the development of improved or supplementary vector control tools is required to reduce Africa's unacceptably high malaria burden.
Nonlinear laser spectroscopy of Eu^3+:Y_2SiO_5 and its application to time-domain optical memory (1992)

Linear- and nonlinear-optical properties of Eu3+:Y2SiO5 have been investigated. All the energy levels of the7F0,1,2,… ground-state manifold and the 5D0,1,2 excited-state manifold were identified, and they were found to be doubly structured because of the two inequivalent optical sites. Two absorption lines of the 7F0–5D0 transition were studied in detail by using nonlinear spectroscopic techniques, photon-echo and stimulated-photon-echo methods. It was found by the photon-echo measurement that the optical dephasing time for one site is extremely long and is excitation-intensity dependent. With the smallest possible intensity we observed the longest ever dephasing time in a solid, 822 μs, or a 387-Hz homogeneous linewidth. From the stimulated-photon-echo measurement, the linewidth was found to be constant over a wide range of time scales, implying the absence of spectral diffusion in this crystal. These quite advantageous properties of this crystal were used for the demonstration of two novel types of time-domain optical data readout: time- and frequency-domain hybrid optical memory and spectrally programmed coherent transients.
Purification and Chemical Sensitization of Photographic Gelatin (1958)

A photographic method for the evaluation of methods of producing inert gelatins is described. Of the several methods studied, treatment with peroxyacetic acid was most effective. A gelatin treated in this way was partially restored to its original photographic characteristics by the addition of both sodium thiosulphate and sodium sulphite.
Preliminary study for evaluation of avian influenza virus inactivation in contaminated poultry products using electron beam irradiation (2009)

Spread of avian influenza is associated with movement of infected poultry and poultry products, and, as a result, strict international trade restrictions are in place. In addition, the possibility of transmission of avian influenza virus (AIV) strains to mammalian species by the consumption or handling of infected poultry, although a rare occurrence, is an important trade concern. Traditional methods for poultry product decontamination, such as thermal processing, are effective in inactivating AIV. However, alternative technologies such as electron beam (E-beam) irradiation offer some advantages in maintaining organoleptic properties of fresh poultry products. This study was designed to evaluate the applicability of high-energy (10 MeV) E-beam irradiation to inactivate AIV and reduce virus loads in egg products and poultry meat. Commercially available egg-white and ground turkey meat samples were spiked with the low-pathogenic A/chicken/TX/2002 H5N3 AIV and exposed to varying doses of high-energy E-beam irradiation in increments ranging from 0 kGy to 8 kGy. The viral titres in irradiated samples showed a linear dose-dependent reduction. The dose required to achieve 90% reduction (i.e. the D (10) value) of viable AIV loads was 2.3 kGy in phosphate buffer, 1.6 kGy in egg-white and 2.6 kGy in ground turkey meat samples. The effectiveness of E-beam irradiation to inactivate AIV was similar to the previously reported effectiveness of the E-beam against poliovirus and rotavirus. These results illustrate the potential applicability of high-energy (10 MeV) E-beam irradiation as a poultry product decontamination technology to inactivate AIV.
Connectivity Compression for Three-Dimensional Planar Triangle Meshes (2006)

We describe a new algorithm for coding the connectivity information of three-dimensional planar triangle meshes. Vertices of a mesh are placed on a two-dimensional grid. The connectivity pattern of the grid is implicit and hence the only information that needs to be encoded is the diagonal links. We present experimental results that show that the new method has a low connectivity cost of 2.1 bits per vertex on average.