gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Nanomechanical Properties of the Interphase in a Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composite Using Nanoindentation (2003)

Glass fiber reinforced polymer composites are widely used as structural materials. These two-component materials can be tailored to suit a large variety of applications. A better understanding of the properties of the fiber-matrix “interphase” can facilitate optimum design of the composite structure. The interphase is a microscopic region around the fiber and hence nano-scale investigation using nano-indentation techniques is appropriate to determine mechanical property variations within this region. In this study the atomic force microscope adapted with a commercial nanoindenter has been used to determine the variation of the elastic modulus across the interphase for different silane coated glass fiber reinforced polyester matrix composites. A comparative study of the elastic modulus variation in the various interphases is reported. The results are discussed in the light of the current limitations of the instrumentation and analysis.
Amauromine, a new vasodilator Taxonomy, isolation and characterization. (1984)

Amauromine is a new alkaloid with vasodilating activity obtained from the culture broth of Amauroascus sp. No. 6237. Its molecular formula was determined to be C32H36N4O2 on the basis of elementary analysis and high resolution mass spectroscopic measurement. It has low toxicity in mice.
Genetic Analysis and Regulation of Carotenoid Biosynthesis (2006)

Carotenoids comprise a large class of natural pigments that are ubiquitous in photosynthetic organisms and are essential for photooxidative protection. A large collection of anoxygenic photosynthetic bacterial carotenoid biosynthesis mutants with novel color phenotypes have been isolated over the past 40 years. Genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis have recently been mapped, cloned and sequenced. Seven clustered genes (crtA, crtB, crtC, crtD, crtE, crtF, crtI) are required for carotenoid biosynthesis in Rhodobacter (Rb.) capsulatus and Rb. sphaeroides. The crt gene products participate in reactions that convert FPP to spheroidene/spheroidenone. The proposed requirement for the products of Rb. capsulatus ORF160 and ORF 469 in carotenoid biosynthesis conflicts with experiments using their respective Rb. sphaeroides homologs. Nucleotide sequences have been determined for all of the Rb. capsulatus crt genes and for crtD, crtI, crtB and a portion of crtC in Rb. sphaeroides. The Rb. capsulatus crtEF and crtIB genes appear to form multigene operons, the former within the global context of a superoperon in the photosynthesis gene cluster. Carotenoid pigment accumulation in Rhodobacter clearly responds to environmental stimuli, particularly light intensity and oxygen tension, and correlates with the presence and extent of the photosynthetic membrane. mRNA accumulation studies using gene-specific probes and promoter-reporter gene fusions indicate upregulation of Rb. capsulatus crtA, crtC, crtD, crtE, crtF and ORF 160, but not crtB and crtI, by anaerobiosis. Transcriptional regulation thus does not appear to limit the biosynthetic capacity for the conversion of GGPP to neurosporene. Most information available on the Rhodobacter carotenoid biosynthesis enzymes has been deduced from the predicted amino acids sequences, rather than from biochemical or immunological studies. The carotenoid prenyltransferases (CrtB and CrtE) and phytoene dehydrogenase (CrtI) catalyze the early biosynthetic reactions in the carotenoid pathway that are conserved in other organisms. CrtI is, however, replaced in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms by a structurally distinct but functionally similar protein called CrtP/Pds. The CrtB, CrtC, CrtD, CrtE, CrtF and CrtI enzymes share conserved sequence motifs with other proteins of related function.
A Case for Scoped Persist Barriers in GPUs (2018)

Two key trends in computing are evident --- emergence of GPU as a first-class compute element and emergence of byte-addressable nonvolatile memory technologies (NVRAM) as DRAM-supplement. GPUs and NVRAMs are likely to coexist in future systems. However, previous works have either focused on GPUs or on NVRAMs, in isolation. In this work, we investigate the enhancements necessary for a GPU to efficiently and correctly manipulate NVRAM-resident persistent data structures.
A. A. Tsonis, 1992. Chaos. From Theory to Applications. xii + 274 pp. New York, London: Plenum Press. Price US$59.50 (hard covers). ISBN 0 306 44171 3. (1996)

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Interrogation of Functional Cell-Surface Markers Identifies CD151 Dependency in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (2017)

The degree of genetic aberrations characteristic of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) makes identification of the molecular features that drive tumor progression difficult. Here, we perform genome-wide RNAi screens and comprehensive expression analysis of cell-surface markers in a panel of HGSC cell lines to identify genes that are critical to their survival. We report that the tetraspanin CD151 contributes to survival of a subset of HGSC cell lines associated with a ZEB transcriptional program and supports the growth of HGSC tumors. Moreover, we show that high CD151 expression is prognostic of poor clinical outcome. This study reveals cell-surface vulnerabilities associated with HGSC, provides a framework for identifying therapeutic targets, and reports a role for CD151 in HGSC.
<title>Electro-optical image processing architecture for implementing image algebra operations</title> (1991)

A hybrid, electro-optical image processing system capable of interpreting image algebra operations is presented. The classical, Vander Lugt optical system provides a basis for architectural discussion; however, it is anticipated that newer and more compact systems will provide the realization. Distribution of image algebra operations over the proposed system is the implementation. Linear and nonlinear algebraic system operations are shown to be obtainable using optical convolution and cross-correlation procedures.
Infrared spectroscopic studies of the reactions of alcohols over group IVB metal oxide catalysts. Part 2.—Methanol over TiO<sub>2</sub>, ZrO<sub>2</sub>and HfO<sub>2</sub> (1991)

Infrared spectroscopy has been used to analyse the gas-phase reaction products, and the related adsorbed species, obtained from the decomposition of methanol over TiO2, ZrO2 or HfO2 catalysts after consecutive 10 min heating periods at 50 °C intervals between room temperature and 400 °C. Somewhat different results were obtained over a 500 °C calcined TiO2 catalyst (hydroxylated anatase surface) and an 800 °C calcined one (dehydroxylated rutile surface). The ZrO2 and HfO2 catalysts had dehydroxylated surfaces, were monoclinic in crystal structure, and gave products similar to those from TiO2(800).The principal initial surface species were several different methoxides, which were replaced by formate ions at higher temperatures. The dehydroxylated TiO2, ZrO2 and HfO2 catalysts were more selective for the promotion of the dehydrogenation reaction forming methyl formate (doubtless derived from the dimerization of formaldehyde) and ultimately CO, than for the dehydration reaction forming dimethyl ether. Methoxide formation was caused by a condensation reaction with the elimination of water on the hydroxylated TiO2 surface or by reaction with Ti4+O2– acid–base pairs on the dehydroxylated surfaces. In all cases more than one type of methoxide species giving different νC–O absorption bands were present on a given surface. It is tentatively concluded that on ZrO2 the methoxide group giving a band at 1163 cm–1, and attributed to a monodentate methoxide co-ordinated to only one metal ion, decomposed to give the dehydrogenation products.Both the hydroxylated and dehydroxylated TiO2 catalysts gave rise to methane as a final product, which is clearly derived from the decomposition of the dimethyl ether. Spectroscopic evidence suggests that the reaction involves the catalytic reduction of the ether, to give the alkane plus water, by hydrogen generated by the parallel dehydrogenation reaction.
Effects of quaternary ammonium compounds on choline transport in red cells (1969)

1. Neuromuscular blocking agents have been shown to be powerful inhibitors of choline transport in human erythrocytes. Ganglionic blocking agents were weaker inhibitors.2. The affinity of the choline transport site for alkyltrimethylammonium compounds was considerably higher than its affinity for alkyl-bis-(trimethylammonium) compounds of similar chain length. The affinity increases with increasing length of the alkyl chain in both series.3. Tetramethylammonium (TMA), ethyl- and propyltrimethylammonium appear to enter the cells on the choline carrier while the larger monoquaternary compounds, and the bisquaternary compounds, bind to the carrier but are unable to cross the cell membrane.4. Radioactively labelled carbachol, acetylcholine and decamethonium do not enter the cells on the choline carrier.5. Choline transport in erythrocytes from patients with myasthenia gravis is normal, suggesting that this disorder is not associated with a generalized defect of choline transport.
LOCALIZATION WITH THE EMI SCANNER (1975)

Accurate localization of lesions seen on computerized tomographic scans obtained with the EMI unit is often difficult due to a paucity of reliable landmarks and to varying head angulation. A simple and accurate system of transposing the location of any particular lesion to a roentgenogram obtained with the scanner tube is described.
MPEG Splicing: Tutorial and Proposed SMPTE Standard (1997)

Commercial insertion, promo insertion, studio routing, camera switching, tape editing—each of these basic operations involves switching video and audio. We want to continue to perform these operations even as we move from using uncompressed video to using MPEG-2 compressed video, but these operations are far from trivial. This paper describes the MPEG bitstream constraints required to facilitate switching—or “splicing”—MPEG bitstreams. It also describes the refinements to these constraints being developed by the SMPTE Working Group on Switching and Synchronization which have led to an emerging SMPTE standard for “Splice Points for MPEG-2 Transport Streams”, which specifies bitstream constraints for both Seamless and Non-Seamless splicing. — It is ironic that while splicing is likely the simplest method of switching between MPEG-2 bitstreams, it is probably the most difficult to understand. This paper intends to alleviate the mystery of splicing by explaining the underlying principles clearly so that this simple yet effective technique may be put into wide use throughout the emerging digital television industry.
Inference from Iterative Simulation Using Multiple Sequences (1992)

The Gibbs sampler, the algorithm of Metropolis and similar iterative simulation methods are potentially very helpful for summarizing multivariate distributions. Used naively, however, iterative simulation can give misleading answers. Our methods are simple and generally applicable to the output of any iterative simulation; they are designed for researchers primarily interested in the science underlying the data and models they are analyzing, rather than for researchers interested in the probability theory underlying the iterative simulations themselves. Our recommended strategy is to use several independent sequences, with starting points sampled from an overdispersed distribution. At each step of the iterative simulation, we obtain, for each univariate estimand of interest, a distributional estimate and an estimate of how much sharper the distributional estimate might become if the simulations were continued indefinitely. Because our focus is on applied inference for Bayesian posterior distributions in real problems, which often tend toward normality after transformations and marginalization, we derive our results as normal-theory approximations to exact Bayesian inference, conditional on the observed simulations. The methods are illustrated on a random-effects mixture model applied to experimental measurements of reaction times of normal and schizophrenic patients.
Effects of enzyme-potentiated desensitization in the treatment of pollinosis: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. (1997)

Several controlled clinical trials have shown that specific immunotherapy (SIT) using incremental injections of allergens can be effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma. Nevertheless, the risk of side effects have led to some recommended limitations of SIT. Enzyme-potentiated desensitization (EPD) is a proposed method for immunotherapy with very low doses of mixed allergens plus beta-glucuronidase enzyme, for which irrelevant or no side effects have been claimed. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical efficacy of EPD in the treatment of pollinosis. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of EPD among 20 patients sensitive to Parietaria and grass pollen was performed. All patients recorded daily symptom scores for nine months following a single intradermal injection of EPD or buffered saline received in February. Symptoms recorded were nasal itching and obstruction, sneezing, rhinorrhea, itchy eyes and excessive tear production. Moreover, total and specific lgE were measured and CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ peripheral blood lymphocytes were counted at different times. In the same period, ten additional subjects, with an allergic clinical profile similar to the subjects admitted to the double-blind trial, were studied in an open clinical trial in order to evaluate the effects of EPD without enzyme using a mixture of allergens. Symptom scores were higher in the placebo group (p < 0.001), with a similar level of significance for both global symptom score and for each individual symptom. Active-treated patients had a significant post-treatment increase in the mean percentage of T-CD8+ peripheral blood cells and a significant post-seasonal decrease in the mean percentage of Parietaria specific lgE. On the contrary, placebo-treated patients had a borderline significant post-seasonal decrease in the mean percentage of CD8+ circulating cells and a significant seasonal increase in the mean percentage of Parietaria specific lgE with no significant post-seasonal decrease. Finally, clinical results of the mixture of allergens injection were similar to those of the placebo in the double-blind trial. EPD injection caused only an asymptomatic, local wheal and flare lasting about two hours. Two patients (20%) in the active-treated group experienced a delayed, mild, unusual headache lasting about two days. In conclusion, EPD is clinically effective in the treatment of pollinosis. Some immunological modifications observed in the EPD-treated patients suggest an EPD-induced enhancement of tolerogenic mechanisms like "immune deviation."
Influence and correlation in social networks (2008)

In many online social systems, social ties between users play an important role in dictating their behavior. One of the ways this can happen is through social influence, the phenomenon that the actions of a user can induce his/her friends to behave in a similar way. In systems where social influence exists, ideas, modes of behavior, or new technologies can diffuse through the network like an epidemic. Therefore, identifying and understanding social influence is of tremendous interest from both analysis and design points of view.
Prehydrolysis achieves higher organosolv delignification (1982)

Presented is the investigation of water pretreatment of southern yellow pine meal and its effects on subsequent organsolv treatment of the pulp with 50:50 n-butanol:water. Lignin removal is enhanced with no additional loss in residual pulp. Values for lignin conversion of 31% (at 180 degrees C) and 34% (at 200 degrees C) without pretreatment are increased to 33% (at 180 degrees C) and 37% (at 200 degrees C) when a water pretreatment is used. Holdup times were varied from 0 to 3 hr. Kinetic analysis of the data shows that weight loss due to water pretreatment of the wood is initially controlled by hemicellulose hydrolysis with a shift to beta-cellulose hydrolysis in later periods of the treatment. (Refs. 11).
DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION COMPETENCE VIA E-LEARNING (2012)

CieÄžom prĂ­spevku je uviesĹĽ ÄitateÄža do problematiky a vĂ˝sledkov vĂ˝skumu dizertaÄnej prĂĄce spracovanej na tĂŠmu rozvoj informaÄnej kompetencie prostrednĂ­ctvom e-learningu. Tu sme sa snaĹžili naznaÄiĹĽ vzĹĽah vzdelĂĄvania a komunikaÄnĂ˝ch a informaÄnĂ˝ch technolĂłgiĂ­. PrĂ­spevok Äalej informuje o vĂ˝sledkoch vĂ˝skumu dizertaÄnej prĂĄce a kvality e-learningovĂŠho Ă­uÄebnĂŠho textu urÄenĂŠho pre predmet StrojĂĄrska vĂ˝roba pre strednĂŠ odbornĂŠ ĹĄkoly pre 1. roÄnĂ­k nadstavbovĂŠho ĹĄtĂşdia v odbore 6476 4 technicko-ekonomickĂ˝ pracovnĂ­k. VĂ˝skum bol realizovanĂ˝ prostrednĂ­ctvom uÄiteÄžov technickĂ˝ch profesijnĂ˝ch predmetov a Ĺžiakov na strednĂ˝ch odbornĂ˝ch ĹĄkolĂĄch so strojĂĄrskym zameranĂ­m SOĹ A Trnava, SOĹ Senec a uÄiteÄžov strojĂĄrskych predmetov s nestrojĂĄrskym zameranĂ­m SOĹ E Trnava. VĂ˝sledky vĂ˝skumu ukĂĄzali, Ĺže predloĹženĂĄ dizertaÄnĂĄ prĂĄca splnila predsavzatĂ˝ cieÄž, pripravenĂ˝ e-learningovĂ˝ uÄebnĂ˝ text je lepĹĄĂ­ ako dostupnĂŠ uÄebnice a tvorĂ­ im alternatĂ­vnu moĹžnosĹĽ pri samostatnom ĹĄtĂşdiu Ĺžiaka.
The Analysis of Cyclophosphamide and its Metabolites (1999)

Cyclophosphamide (CP) has been in clinical use for the treatment of malignant disease for over 40 years. CP is inactive until it undergoes complex metabolic pathways leading to the ultimate alkylating agent, phosphoramide mustard, but also to inactive and toxic metabolites. Sensitive and specific methods are now available for the measurement of CP and its enantiomers, its metabolites and their stereoisomers, in biological matrices. An overview is given of the methods of analysis of CP and its metabolites described in literature since 1993 as well as the current knowledge about its metabolism. Five classes of methods are described: (1) thin-layer chromatography-photographic densitometry, (2) high performance liquid chromatography, (3) gas chromatography and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, (4) phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance and (5) enantiomeric separation. In each case, sample clean up and preparation are described. Precision and limits of quantification of the assays are indicated. A table summarizes all the analytical methods for assaying each metabolite.
Immunologic Rejection of Mammary Adenocarcinoma (TA3-St) in C57BL/6 Mice: Participation of Neutrophils and Activated Macrophages with Fibrin Formation (1978)

Abstract The ultrastructural cellular kinetics of an in vivo model of immunologic rejection was studied with the strain-specific TA3-St mammary adenocarcinoma in C57BL/6 mice. The peritoneal cavity of tumor-challenged mice had numerous neutrophils, a few lymphocytes, and normal macrophages at early times after challenge. Neutrophils formed contacts with viable tumor cells, remained viable, nonphagocytic, and did not extrude their cytoplasmic granules. Tumor cells so contacted showed morphologic evidence of cell injury followed by cell death. Later times after tumor challenge showed numerous activated macrophages rapidly phagocytosing tumor debris resulting in complete elimination of tumor at 24 hr. These macrophage aggregates had numerous elongated interdigitated villi and a prominent fibrin meshwork associated with their processes and cell surfaces. The findings in this study demonstrate the morphologic participation of neutrophils in tumor rejection with the later participation of phagocytic, activated macrophages whose surfaces were covered with fibrin. The mechanism for attraction and binding of neutrophils to target tumor cells is not known. Possible similarities to the recently described role for neutrophils in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity should be considered. The mechanism of tumor killing by neutrophils was not apparent by ultrastructural analysis since extrusion of cytoplasmic granules was not present. Release of potent cytotoxic materials from these cells by other anatomic routes is postulated. Activated macrophages participated primarily as scavengers of dead tumor. The significance of their surface-associated fibrin meshwork requires further study.
Currently Evaluated Calpain and Caspase Inhibitors for Neuroprotection in Experimental Brain Ischemia (2006)

Currently available therapies for brain ischemia, with a few exceptions, provide only symptomatic relief in patients. Recent investigations in experimental models provided an understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that lead to neurodegeneration in ischemic injury, and also indicate targets for prevention and amelioration of the devastating consequences of stroke. An enormous increase in intracellular free Ca(2+) levels following stroke activates Ca(2+)-dependent enzymes, contributing to neuronal death and dysfunction. Additionally, ischemic injury generates highly reactive free radicals and triggers release of cytotoxic cytokines for activation of cysteine proteases. A number of studies already indicated a prominent role for the cysteine proteases of the calpain and caspase families in the pathogenesis of brain ischemia. Proteolytic activities of these proteases degrade various cytoskeletal proteins and membrane proteins, destabilizing the structural integrity and forcing the neurons to delayed death in ischemic penumbra. Some current studies have unequivocally confirmed the neuronal apoptosis in ischemia and showed that administration of calpain and caspase inhibitors alone or in combination can provide functional neuroprotection in various animal models of cerebral ischemia. This article will discuss the molecular structures and activities of calpain and caspase inhibitors and their therapeutic efficacy in experimental brain ischemia. However, further investigations are necessary for improvements in the structural design of calpain and caspase inhibitors for their persistent therapeutic efficacy in animal models of stroke and for clinical trials in the future.
Transmission of a 448-Gb/s Reduced-Guard-Interval CO-OFDM Signal with a 60-GHz Optical Bandwidth over 2000 km of ULAF and Five 80-GHz-Grid ROADMs (2010)

We demonstrate the generation and detection of a novel reduced-guard-interval CO-OFDM signal at 448 Gb/s, occupying 60-GHz optical bandwidth. We transmit this signal over 2000 km of ULAF with five 80-GHz-grid WSS-based ROADM passes.
Emulsion Polymerization of Acrylic Monomers Stabilized by Poly(Ethylene Oxide) (1996)

Abstract The stability of acrylic latices stabilized by poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) is governed by the bridging flocculation process during polymerization. The final latex particle size increases with increasing concentration of initiator, PEO, or NaCl. The total scrap formed during the reaction increases rapidly with increasing NaCl concentration due to the ionic strength effect. It is shown that the final latex particle size decreases rapidly with an increase in the agitation speed. The amount of total scrap formed during polymerization is generally greater at a higher agitation speed. These results suggest that the fraction of the particle surface covered by PEO and the ratio of the thickness of the PEO adsorption layer to that of the electric double layer of the latex particles should play an important role in determining the final latex particle size and colloidal stability.