gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modular electron-transport chains from eukaryotic organelles function to support nitrogenase activity (2017)

A large number of genes are necessary for the biosynthesis and activity of the enzyme nitrogenase to carry out the process of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), which requires large amounts of ATP and reducing power. The multiplicity of the genes involved, the oxygen sensitivity of nitrogenase, plus the demand for energy and reducing power, are thought to be major obstacles to engineering BNF into cereal crops. Genes required for nitrogen fixation can be considered as three functional modules encoding electron-transport components (ETCs), proteins required for metal cluster biosynthesis, and the "core" nitrogenase apoenzyme, respectively. Among these modules, the ETC is important for the supply of reducing power. In this work, we have used <i>Escherichia coli</i> as a chassis to study the compatibility between molybdenum and the iron-only nitrogenases with ETC modules from target plant organelles, including chloroplasts, root plastids, and mitochondria. We have replaced an ETC module present in diazotrophic bacteria with genes encoding ferredoxin-NADPH oxidoreductases (FNRs) and their cognate ferredoxin counterparts from plant organelles. We observe that the FNR-ferredoxin module from chloroplasts and root plastids can support the activities of both types of nitrogenase. In contrast, an analogous ETC module from mitochondria could not function in electron transfer to nitrogenase. However, this incompatibility could be overcome with hybrid modules comprising mitochondrial NADPH-dependent adrenodoxin oxidoreductase and the <i>Anabaena</i> ferredoxins FdxH or FdxB. We pinpoint endogenous ETCs from plant organelles as power supplies to support nitrogenase for future engineering of diazotrophy in cereal crops.
Identification of a protein complex that binds to a dodecamer sequence found at the 3' ends of yeast mitochondrial mRNAs. (1993)

An activity from Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria was identified that specifically bound to a 12-nucleotide sequence, AAUAA(U/C)AUUCUU, that is a site for processing of pre-mRNAs so as to generate the mature 3' ends of mRNAs. Because processing occurs 3' to the end of the dodecamer site, all mRNAs in yeast mitochondria terminate with that sequence. RNase T1 digestion fragments which terminated precisely at their 3' ends with the dodecamer sequence bound the activity, indicating that mRNAs in vivo would be capable of binding. Gel mobility shift analyses using RNA oligonucleotides showed that binding was reduced by a U-to-A substitution at position 3 of the dodecamer sequence; a C-to-A substitution at position 10 eliminated binding. UV cross-linking identified three polypeptides with approximate molecular masses of 19, 60, and 70 kDa as constituents of the binding activity. These estimates included the contribution of the 32P-labeled RNA oligonucleotide used to tag these polypeptides. An oligonucleotide with a UA-->AU substitution at positions 3 and 4 of the dodecamer site formed complexes deficient in the 19-kDa species, suggesting that binding specificity was inherent to the higher-molecular-weight polypeptides. Assembly of the complex at a dodecamer site on an RNA protected sequences located 5' to the dodecamer site from digestion by a nucleoside triphosphate-dependent 3' exoribonuclease found in yeast mitochondria. Since mitochondrial mRNAs terminate with an intact dodecamer sequence, the binding activity may function in the stabilization of mRNAs in addition to 3'-end formation of mRNAs.
The arpanet telnet protocol (1977)

The protocol discussed in this paper was developed by many members of the ARPANET community starting in 1969 and continuing through the present. Many individuals and institutions have been members of this community at one time or another over the years. A review of the documents, both working and published, written on the subject of this protocol reveals that the following individuals were among those who contributed to the protocol design: A. Bhushan, R. Braden, R. Bressler, J. Burchfiel, S. Carr, V. Cerf, B. Cosell, D. Crocker, S. Crocker, W. Crowther, J. Davidson, D. Dodds, W. Duvall, G. Grossman, R. Gumpertz, W. Hathaway, W. Kantrowitz, R. Long, J. McConnell, A. McKenzie, R. Merryman, J. Melvin, R. Metcalfe, E. Meyer, N. Mimno, L. Nelson, T. O'Sullivan, M. Padlipsky, K. Pogran, J. Postel, M. Reese, J. Rulifson. R. Schantz, R. Thomas, R. Tomlinson, D. Walden, R. Watson, D. Wells, J. Winett, and S. Wolfe. No doubt others also contributed to the design and dozens of other individuals contributed to the many implementations of the protocol. We acknowledge all of their contributions. Many of the above named individuals were offered an opportunity to collaborate on the writing of this paper. The authors are those who responded. We apologize for the oversight to any individual who would have liked to help write this paper but was not apprised of the opportunity.
VLSI architecture for HDTV motion estimation based on block-matching algorithm (2002)

A systolic array architecture based on an efficient data-flow management for implementing the full-search block-matching algorithm for HDTV motion estimation is described. It is capable of treating (16/spl times/16)-blocks, with a displacement of /spl minus/8/+7 pixels. Serial data inputs save the pin counts and all the input data in current frame are read only once to keep the requirements to external units to a minimum. A simplified PE design reduces the computation to 1/3 of that by directly implementing the original algorithm without any influence on the performance. Simulation results show that pixel rates at about 150 MHz can be reached with 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. Owing to the highly regular and modular properties, the proposed architecture is suitable for VLSI implementation. Transistor count is estimated about 320,000, which shows that the architecture can be realized in a single chip.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Programmed Temperature Gas Chromatography Apparatus (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProgrammed Temperature Gas Chromatography ApparatusStephen Dal. Nogare and J. C. HardenCite this: Anal. Chem. 1959, 31, 11, 1829–1832Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60155a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60155a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views37Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
FORCAST: a facility 5- to 40-μm camera for SOFIA (2000)

We are constructing a facility-class, mid/far-infrared camera for the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). The Faint Object infraRed CAmera for the Sofia Telescope (FORCAST) is a two-channel camera with selectable filters for continuum imaging in the 5 - 8, 17 - 25 micron, and/or 25 - 40 micron regions. The design supports simultaneous imaging in the two-channels. Using the latest 256 X 256 Si:As and Si:Sb blocked-impurity-band detector array technology to provide high-sensitivity wide- field imaging. FORCAST will sample images at 0.75 arcsec/pixel and have a 3.2' X 3.2' instantaneous field- of-view. Imaging is diffraction limited for lambda > 15 microns.
High Dynamic Range Image Based on Multiple Exposure Time Synthetization (2007)

High dynamic range of illumination may cause serious distortions and other problems in viewing and further processing of digital images. In this paper a new tone reproduction preprocessing algorithm is introduced which may help in developing hardly or non-viewable features and content of the images. The method is based on the synthetization of multiple exposure images from which the dense part, i.e. regions having the maximum level of detail are included in the output image. The resulted high quality HDR image makes easier the information extraction and effectively supports the further processing of the image.
Instrumentation and calibration protocol for a continuous wave NIRS oximeter (2006)

We describe a continuous wave near infrared oximeter and its calibration protocol. The system performs quantitative assessments exploiting precise absorption measurements close to the absorption peak of the water: 975nm. We report the procedures and the systematic in vitro tests adopted to characterize and calibrate the entire system. A final stability analysis is reported to validate the instrumentation
Discovery and Development of Autism Biomarkers: The State of the Science (2012)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social interaction, difficulty with communication, and restrictive and repetitive behaviors appearing during the first 3 years of life. Autism is currently affecting as many as 1 out of 91 individuals in the United States. . There is growing evidence that autism may influenced by genetic, neurological, environmental and immunological factors, however its exact pathophysiology is unknown. The use of potential biomarkers that point to specific mechanism of ASD will help to diagnosis and tailor treatment or prevention strategies for disease rather than solely to a symptom category. Several studies have been carried out to find a candidate biomarker linked to the development of ASD, but up to date no reliable biomarker is available. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the various potential autism biomarkers reported in literature, and consider the future development of this area of research.
Chemical modification of lactose repressor protein using N-substituted maleimides. (1979)

Lactose repressor protein has been modified with N-ethylmaleimide, two N-maleimide spin labels, and an N-maleimide fluorophore. The reaction with repressor cysteine residues has been characterized. Approximately 2 of the 3 eq of cysteine/repressor monomer are reactive toward these reagents. Repressor cysteines are reactive toward these reagents in the order cysteine 140 greater than or equal to cysteine 107 greater than cysteine 281. The reaction is sulfhydryl-specific. Comparison of chemical modification data obtained in this laboratory using a variety of sulfhydryl-specific reagents has been used to assess chemical features of individual cysteine environments. Effects of the maleimide reagents on biological activity have been determined. Only the fluorophore N-(3-pyrene)maleimide has significant effect; this agent selectively perturbs repressor's ability to bind to operator DNA. This result suggests that regions of protein structure surrounding 1 or more of the cysteine residues possess determinants required for normal operator DNA binding.
Ultracompact, all-passive optical 90 degrees -hybrid on InP using self-imaging (1993)

A miniature (300- mu m*1750- mu m), all-passive 90 degrees -hybrid in GaInAsP/InP multimode waveguide is realized using self-imaging. Excellent performance (splitting ratio of 97:99:104: 99, low on-chip insertion losses <or=1 dB, only +or-3 degrees deviation from phase quadrature) and polarization-insensitive behavior at lambda /sub 0/=1.523 mu m was obtained. Experiments confirm simulations that predict that the splitting ratio and the IF phase relationships are much less sensitive to the coupler length than the insertion loss, thereby adding to the robustness of multimode interference devices.<<ETX>>
Phylogenetic relationships of Anaplasma marginale and 'Ehrlichia platys' to other Ehrlichia species determined by GroEL amino acid sequences. (2001)

The heat-shock protein (GroEL) genes of Anaplasma marginale, Ehrlichia muris and 'Ehrlichia platys' were sequenced and compared with the GroEL of other species of Ehrlichia. The GroEL amino acid sequences of A. marginale and 'E. platys' were most similar to the GroEL sequence of Ehrlichia phagocytophila, with which they formed one group with 6-10% divergence. The E. muris GroEL was most closely related to the GroEL of two unclassified strains (HF-565 and Anan), then to Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia canis, Ehrlichia ewingii and Cowdria ruminantium, forming a second distinct group (0.3-8.6% divergence). The GroELs of Ehrlichia risticii and Ehrlichia sennetsu were very similar to one another (only 2% divergence), forming the third group. The first two groups were relatively closely related (17-20% divergence), while the third group was only distantly related to the first two groups (62-73% divergence).
One‐step flame synthesis of SnO<sub>2</sub> / TiO<sub>2</sub> composite nanoparticles for photocatalytic applications (2005)

SnO 2 / TiO 2 composite nanoparticles have been synthesized in a single‐step by feeding evaporated precursor mixtures into an atmospheric pressure diffusion flame. Particles with controlled Ti: Sn ratios were produced at various flow rates of oxygen, and the resulting powders were characterized by BET surface area analysis, XRD, TEM, EDAX and UV‐Vis spectroscopy. For the lowest concentration (3.4 mol %) of SnO 2 employed in this study anatase phase of TiO 2 is stabilized, while segregation of SnO 2 is seen at medium (6.9 to 12.4 mol %) and high concentrations (20.3 mol %). Though the equilibrium phase diagram predicts complete solubility of one oxide in another at all compositions, segregation of SnO 2 phase is observed which is explained by the usage of diffusion flame in the present study. The particle formation mechanism of SnO 2 / TiO 2 composites is proposed basing on the single component aerosol formation. Photocatalytic activity of the composite particles is tested for the degradation of methylene blue and is compared with pure TiO 2 synthesized under similar conditions. Improved photocatalytic activity of the composite particles is attributed to the stabilized anatase phase and better charge separation due to the coupling of TiO 2 and SnO 2 within the composite nanoparticles.
Antisense Oligonucleotides for the Treatment of Spinal Muscular Atrophy (2013)

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disease affecting ∼1 in 10,000 live births. The most striking component is the loss of α-motor neurons in the ventral horn of the spinal cord, resulting in progressive paralysis and eventually premature death. There is no current treatment paradigm other than supportive care, though the past 15 years has seen a striking advancement in understanding of both SMA genetics and molecular mechanisms. A variety of disease-modifying interventions are rapidly bridging the translational gap from the laboratory to clinical trials, including the application of antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapy for the correction of aberrant RNA splicing characteristic of SMA. Survival motor neuron (SMN) is a ubiquitously expressed 38-kD protein. Humans have two genes that produce SMN, SMN1 and SMN2, the former of which is deleted or nonfunctional in the majority of patients with SMA. These two genes are nearly identical with one exception, a C to T transition (C6T) within exon 7 of SMN2. C6T disrupts a modulator of splicing, leading to the exclusion of exon 7 from ∼90% of the mRNA transcript. The resultant truncated Δ7SMN protein does not oligomerize efficiently and is rapidly degraded. SMA can therefore be considered a disease of too little SMN protein. A number of cis-acting splice modifiers have been identified in the region of exon 7, the steric block of which enhances the retention of the exon and a resultant full-length mRNA sequence. ASOs targeted to these splice motifs have shown impressive phenotype rescue in multiple SMA mouse models.
Crop rotation and citrus: Cropping old citrus soil to other plants studied to learn effect on the growth of citrus replants (1954)

When some plants are grown in the same soil for long periods of time, organisms detrimental to the species develop and reduce the growth of the plants or replants, if perennials, and of subsequent crops, if annuals.
Antitrypanosomal Activities and Cytotoxicity of 5‐Nitro‐2‐furancarbohydrazides. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Metabolism of cerivastatin by human liver microsomes in vitro. Characterization of primary metabolic pathways and of cytochrome P450 isozymes involved. (1997)

Biotransformation of cerivastatin, a new cholesterol-lowering drug, by human liver microsomes was investigated using the 14C-labeled drug. Metabolite profiles were established by HPLC and structures of metabolites were elucidated. Two metabolic pathways were equally important, demethylation of the benzylic methyl other and hydroxylation at one methyl group of the 6-isopropyl substituent. The product of combined hydroxylation and demethylation was observed as a minor metabolite. During sample preparation the lactone forms of both primary metabolites were isolated in small amounts. Detailed structural analysis by NMR and LC-ESI-MS showed that hydroxylation occurred with high regio- and stereoselectivity. The proposed structures were confirmed by chemical synthesis of enantiomerically pure reference compounds. Microsomes from a human lymphoblastoid AHH-1 cell line, stably expressing CYP 3A4, catalyzed the demethylation reaction. Upon incubation of cerivastatin with human liver microsomes in the presence of the specific CYP 3A inhibitor TAO, both hydroxylation and demethylation were considerably reduced. This indicates that CYP 3A enzymes play a major role in cerivastatin metabolism.
The Moderating Effect of Success Importance on the Relationship Between Listening Demand and Listening Effort (2016)

A common element of the psychophysiological research on listening effort is the focus on listening demand as determinant of effort. The article discusses preceding studies and theorizing on effort to show that the link between listening demand and listening effort is moderated by various variables. Moreover, I will present a recent study that examined the joint effect of listening demand and success importance on effort-related cardiovascular reactivity in an auditory discrimination task. Results for pre-ejection period reactivity-an indicator of sympathetic activity-supported the hypothesis that the relationship between listening demand and listening effort is moderated by other variables: Pre-ejection period reactivity was higher in the high-demand-high-success-importance condition than in the other three conditions. This new finding as well as the findings of previous research on effort suggest that a broader perspective on the determinants of listening effort is warranted.
Designing Network On-Chip Architectures in the Nanoscale Era (2010)

The editors view an ongoing development effort of NoC architectures toward an increased dynamism and flexibility as headed to a new milestone for NoC technology. The book does not intend to miss the opportunity to join this exciting ride, and presents in a coherent and systematic fashion both stabilized and less stabilized topics, with the level of detail enabled by their state-of-the-art, thus hopefully helping understand what is going on in the NoC community and serving as stepping stone into future chip multiprocessor architectures.
The Action of Paraldehyde upon Proteins and Lipins (1924)

Research Article| January 01 1924 The Action of Paraldehyde upon Proteins and Lipins Evelyn Ashley Cooper Evelyn Ashley Cooper 1The Chemical Department, University of Birmingham Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1924) 18 (5): 948–950. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0180948 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Evelyn Ashley Cooper; The Action of Paraldehyde upon Proteins and Lipins. Biochem J 1 January 1924; 18 (5): 948–950. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0180948 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1924 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1924 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Non-invasive assessment of intraluminal lipolysis using a 13CO2 breath test. (1990)

Techniques available for the study of lipase activity in the gut are unsatisfactory. Breath tests measuring labelled carbon dioxide (13CO2) may provide a useful means for this assessment. Six subjects with cystic fibrosis and pancreatic insufficiency and 10 controls received a test meal containing [13C] trioctanoin, and breath 13CO2 was measured using a dual inlet, dual detector isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Comparison of postprandial breath 13CO2 enrichment allowed complete separation between children with pancreatic insufficiency and controls. Administration of one capsule of pancreatic enzyme with the test meal resulted in an increase in 13CO2 production in all six patients, and four capsules produced a further increase in five of the six. Serial fat balance studies on four of the patients while receiving comparable doses of oral enzyme failed to demonstrate a progressive improvement in fat absorption. The [13C]trioctanoin breath test may prove a safe, non-invasive technique not only for the detection of pancreatic insufficiency, but also for the quantitative study of intraluminal lipolysis.
Poverty, social exclusion and ethnicity in Serbia and Montenegro: th case of the Roma (2005)

Recent poverty analysis in Serbia and Montenegro indicates that deep poverty and multiple deprivations appear to have an ethnic dimension and are highly concentrated among the Roma population. Using household survey data from 2003 which allow comparative quantitative analysis of poverty for Roma, including those residing in settlements, and the general population, this paper is the first attempt at studying in depth the extent and determinants of poverty and social exclusion of Roma in Serbia and Montenegro. Reviewing both income and non-income dimensions of poverty in both Republics, the paper finds that Roma poverty stands out significantly from other vulnerable groups such as internally displaced persons and refugees and confirms evidence from other countries in Central and South-East Europe on the multifaceted nature of Roma poverty. The paper also reveals the intergenerational dimension of Roma social exclusion: Substantial education access barriers and the resulting poor educational outcomes of Roma children today predict their continued social exclusion and poverty in the future. Building on an impact analysis of the social protection system on Roma poverty in Serbia, the paper proposes policy measures aimed at tackling poverty and social exclusion of Roma in the context of the implementation of Serbia's and Montenegro's Decade of Roma Inclusion 2005-2015 Action Plans.