gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Edited by Akbar Montaser (George Washington University). Wiley-VCH:  New York. 1998. 964 pages. $125.00. ISBN 0-471-18620-1. (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook ReviewInductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Edited by Akbar Montaser (George Washington University). Wiley-VCH: New York. 1998. 964 pages. $125.00. ISBN 0-471-18620-1.Michael DziewatkoskiView Author Information Western Michigan UniversityCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 17, 4310Publication Date (Web):April 14, 1999Publication History Published online14 April 1999Published inissue 1 May 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9857413https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9857413book-reviewACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views333Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Interfaces,Ions,Mass spectrometry,Peptides and proteins,Plasma Get e-Alerts
A methodology for evaluating and optimizing wireless system infrastructure costs (2002)

In this analysis, a model for total wireless system costs is developed, using radiopart coverage and system topology as the independent variables. A system is examined to determine the interrelationships of the elements of cost. Finally, a model of total system costs is presented that allows a system designer to select key system components to achieve minimal overall cost.
Picolinic acid, a catabolite of L-tryptophan, is a costimulus for the induction of reactive nitrogen intermediate production in murine macrophages (1993)

Abstract In this study we investigated the effects of picolinic acid, a catabolite of L-tryptophan, on the production of L-arginine-derived reactive nitrogen intermediates in the murine macrophage cell line ANA-1. ANA-1 macrophages did not produce nitrite (NO2-) constitutively, but accumulated detectable levels of NO2- on exposure to IFN-gamma. Picolinic acid, although ineffective by itself, augmented IFN-gamma-induced NO2- production. The activity of picolinic acid was evident at 1 mM and reached its maximum at 4 mM. Picolinic acid also augmented the IFN-gamma-dependent expression of TNF-alpha mRNA, but did not appreciably affect the secretion of the TNF-alpha protein. Neutralizing concentrations of anti-TNF mAb completely abrogated IFN-gamma- and IFN-gamma plus rTNF-alpha-induced NO2- production in ANA-1 macrophages, but only decreased by approximately 50% the synergistic interaction between IFN-gamma and picolinic acid. Although IL-4 inhibited the expression of IFN-gamma plus picolinic acid-induced TNF-alpha mRNA and protein, it only partially suppressed picolinic acid-dependent NO2- production. Therefore, picolinic acid may affect NO2- production via both TNF-alpha-dependent and TNF-alpha-independent pathways. Overall, this study suggests that amino acid catabolites may be important for the activation and the expression of effector functions by murine macrophages, and provides the first evidence of a possible connection between tryptophan and arginine metabolism.
Anisaldehyde and Veratraldehyde Acting as Redox Cycling Agents for H <sub>2</sub> O <sub>2</sub> Production by <i>Pleurotus eryngii</i> (1994)

The existence of a redox cycle leading to the production of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in the white rot fungus Pleurotus eryngii has been confirmed by incubations of 10-day-old mycelium with veratryl (3,4-dimethoxybenzyl) and anisyl (4-methoxybenzyl) compounds (alcohols, aldehydes, and acids). Veratraldehyde and anisaldehyde were reduced by aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase to their corresponding alcohols, which were oxidized by aryl-alcohol oxidase, producing H(2)O(2). Veratric and anisic acids were incorporated into the cycle after their reduction, which was catalyzed by aryl-aldehyde dehydrogenase. With the use of different initial concentrations of either veratryl alcohol, veratraldehyde, or veratric acid (0.5 to 4.0 mM), around 94% of veratraldehyde and 3% of veratryl alcohol (compared with initial concentrations) and trace amounts of veratric acid were found when equilibrium between reductive and oxidative activities had been reached, regardless of the initial compound used. At concentrations higher than 1 mM, veratric acid was not transformed, and at 1.0 mM, it produced a negative effect on the activities of aryl-alcohol oxidase and both dehydrogenases. H(2)O(2) levels were proportional to the initial concentrations of veratryl compounds (around 0.5%), and an equilibrium between aryl-alcohol oxidase and an unknown H(2)O(2)-reducing system kept these levels steady. On the other hand, the concomitant production of the three above-mentioned enzymes during the active growth phase of the fungus was demonstrated. Finally, the possibility that anisaldehyde is the metabolite produced by P. eryngii for the maintenance of this redox cycle is discussed.
Enhanced EM endurance of TiN/AlCu/TiN/sub x/ interconnection (2002)

Summary form only given. In submicron devices, TiN is used as a barrier layer in multilayered aluminum interconnection (e.g., TiN/Al/TiN). The conventional TiN layer is formed by reactive sputtering, which shows a columnar grain structure about the size of 10 nm. In this study, we focused on another technique of forming TiN from TiN/sub x/, and compared the electromigration (EM) endurance of the multilayered interconnections using TiN/sub x/ and conventional TiN. In order to investigate the structural aspects of aluminum and the TiN formed from the TiN/sub x/ layer, the samples were prepared as follows. TiN/sub x/ film of 50 nm thickness was reactively deposited on the oxidized (400 nm thick) silicon wafer by using DC magnetron sputtering in a mixed gas atmosphere of argon and nitrogen, in which the volume percent of nitrogen was fixed at 15%. After thermal treatment at 600 /spl deg/C for 20 sec using RTA, Al-0.5%Cu film (500 nm thick) and TiN (40 nm thick) film were sequentially deposited. After patterning of aluminum stripes of 0.4 /spl mu/m width and 1400 /spl mu/m length, the samples were alloyed at 400 /spl deg/C, 30 min in 15% H/sub 2//N/sub 2/ ambient. Finally, a passivation layer consisting of CVD nitride (1.2 /spl mu/m thick) and CVD oxide (0.4 /spl mu/m thick) was deposited. The film properties before and after RTA were analyzed using RBS, XRD, and AES. Such an interconnection showed extremely high EM endurance (MTTF /spl sim/ 10/sup 4/ min) in comparison with that using the conventional TiN as an underlying barrier layer (MTTF /spl sim/10/sup 2/ min). It is suggested that the crystal continuity between the Al and the TiN suppresses interface and grain boundary diffusion of Al atoms to improve the EM endurance.
Semantic organizational strategy predicts verbal memory and remission rate of geriatric depression (2011)

Effective semantic strategy use at baseline on a verbal list learning task by older depressed patients was associated with higher rates of remission with antidepressant treatment. This result provides support for previous findings indicating that measures of executive functioning at baseline are useful in predicting antidepressant response.
Humidification During Invasive and Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation: 2012 (2012)

We searched the MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases for articles published between January 1990 and December 2011. The update of this clinical practice guideline is based on 184 clinical trials and systematic reviews, and 10 articles investigating humidification during invasive and noninvasive mechanical ventilation. The following recommendations are made following the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) scoring system: 1. Humidification is recommended on every patient receiving invasive mechanical ventilation. 2. Active humidification is suggested for noninvasive mechanical ventilation, as it may improve adherence and comfort. 3. When providing active humidification to patients who are invasively ventilated, it is suggested that the device provide a humidity level between 33 mg H(2)O/L and 44 mg H(2)O/L and gas temperature between 34°C and 41°C at the circuit Y-piece, with a relative humidity of 100%. 4. When providing passive humidification to patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation, it is suggested that the HME provide a minimum of 30 mg H(2)O/L. 5. Passive humidification is not recommended for noninvasive mechanical ventilation. 6. When providing humidification to patients with low tidal volumes, such as when lung-protective ventilation strategies are used, HMEs are not recommended because they contribute additional dead space, which can increase the ventilation requirement and P(aCO(2)). 7. It is suggested that HMEs are not used as a prevention strategy for ventilator-associated pneumonia.
How to Evaluate Trading Strategies: Single Agent Market Replay or Multiple Agent Interactive Simulation? (2019)

We show how a multi-agent simulator can support two important but distinct methods for assessing a trading strategy: Market Replay and Interactive Agent-Based Simulation (IABS). Our solution is important because each method offers strengths and weaknesses that expose or conceal flaws in the subject strategy. A key weakness of Market Replay is that the simulated market does not substantially adapt to or respond to the presence of the experimental strategy. IABS methods provide an artificial market for the experimental strategy using a population of background trading agents. Because the background agents attend to market conditions and current price as part of their strategy, the overall market is responsive to the presence of the experimental strategy. Even so, IABS methods have their own weaknesses, primarily that it is unclear if the market environment they provide is realistic. We describe our approach in detail, and illustrate its use in an example application: The evaluation of market impact for various size orders.
Bluetongue virus: virology, pathogenesis and immunity (2008)

Bluetongue (BT) virus, an orbivirus of the Reoviridae family encompassing 24 known serotypes, is transmitted to ruminants via certain species of biting midges (Culicoides spp.) and causes thrombo-hemorrhagic fevers mainly in sheep. During the 20th century, BTV was endemic in sub-tropical regions but in the last ten years, new strains of BTV (serotypes 1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 16) have appeared in Europe leading to a devastating disease in naive sheep and bovine herds (serotype 8). BTV enters into insect cells via the viral inner core VP7 protein and in mammalian cells via the external capsid VP2 haemagglutinin, which is the major determinant of BTV serotype and neutralization. BTV replicates in mononuclear phagocytes and endothelial cells where it induces expression of inflammatory cytokines as well as apoptosis. BTV can remain as nonreplicating entities concealed in erythrocytes for up to five months. Homologous protection against one BTV serotype involves neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses directed to the external VP2 and VP5 proteins, whereas heterologous protection is supported by T cells directed to the NS1 non structural protein and inner core proteins. Classical inactivated vaccines directed to a specific serotype generate protective immunity and may help control current epidemic situations. New recombinant vaccine strategies that allow differentiating infected from vaccinated animals and that generate cross protective immunity are urgently needed to efficiently combat this worldwide threatening disease.
Awareness in people with severe dementia: Review and integration (2010)

The environmental context and the nature of caregiving interactions influence the extent to which awareness is expressed. There may be scope for enhancing the expression of some aspects of awareness in people with moderate to severe dementia, but this should only be undertaken where it is likely to improve quality of life. Understanding more about awareness is an important element in the provision of high-quality care for people with moderate to severe dementia.
A markov process model for software reliability analysis (1990)

Abstract Software reliability is a rapidly developing discipline. In this paper we model the fault‐detecting processes by Markov processes with decreasing jump intensity. The intensity function is suggested to be a power function of the number of the remaining faults in the software. The models generalize the software reliability model suggested by Jelinski and Moranda (‘Software reliability research’, in W. Freiberger (ed.), Statistical Computer Performance Evaluation , Academic Press, New York, 1972. pp. 465–497). The main advantage of our models is that we do not use the assumption that all software faults correspond to the same failure rate. Preliminary studies suggest that a second‐order power function is quite a good approximation. Statistical tests also indicate that this may be the case. Numerical results show that the estimation of the expected time to next failure is both reasonable and decreases relatively stably when the number of removed faults is increased.
Isolation of a New Melanoma Antigen, MART-2, Containing a Mutated Epitope Recognized by Autologous Tumor-Infiltrating T Lymphocytes (2001)

Using cDNA expression cloning, a cDNA encoding a novel human melanoma Ag, MART-2 (melanoma Ag recognized by T cells-2), recognized by HLA-A1-restricted CD8(+) T cells from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL1362) was isolated from an autologous melanoma cell line, 1362 mel. Homologous sequences to the cDNA had been registered in the EST database. This gene encoded an uncharacterized protein expressed ubiquitously in most normal and cancer cells. A mutation (A to G transition) was found in the cDNA obtained from the1362 mel melanoma cell line in the sequences encoding the phosphate binding loop (P-loop) that resulted in loss of the ability to bind GTP. Transfection of NIH-3T3 with the mutated MART-2 did not result in the development of significant foci. By screening 36 various cancer cell lines using single-strand conformation polymorphism, a possible mutation in the P-loop of MART-2 was found in one squamous cell lung cancer cell line, EBC1. The T cell epitope for TIL1362, FLEGNEVGKTY, was identified to be encoded by the mutated sequence of the MART-2 Ag. The mutation substituted glycine in the normal peptide with glutamic acid at the third amino acid of the epitope, which is an important primary anchor amino acid for HLA-A1 peptide binding. The normal peptide, FLGGNEVGKTY, was not recognized by TIL1362, suggesting that this T cell response was specific for the autologous tumor. Although transforming activity was not detected in the NIH-3T3 assay, MART-2 with the mutation in the P-loop may be involved in the generation of melanoma through a loss of GTP binding activity.
Anisotropy pinning of domain walls in a soft amorphous magnetic material (1991)

Ribbons were annealed in the demagnetized state with one wall along the ribbon middle. This wall becomes pinned during the heat treatment. Reentrant reversal occurs when reverse domains are nucleated at the ribbon edge with a threshold field larger than the demagnetizing field; this wall does not annihilate when it meets the pinned wall but leaves a line of reverse domains stabilized by ripple in the anisotropy. These domains permit a regular smooth reversal for the demagnetization process until the ribbon returns to the pinned configuration. The regular loop appears when the ribbon has been completely saturated by a large field. Mobile walls are nucleated on both sides of the pinned wall so that the ribbon does not return to the pinned configuration. Reversal now follows the usual demagnetization curve over the entire cycle. Kerr magnetooptical domain and domain wall observations are used in this investigation. All of the possible wall structures predicted by the model of asymmetric flux closed Bloch walls were identified.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Policies, grids and autonomic computing (2005)

The goals of resource management fall within the overall aims of autonomic and grid computing, namely the sharing of resources automatically, and the allocation of resources depending on both application and business needs. Resource allocation can be guided by policies which encapsulate decisions made by the management system. Policies can be used to encapsulate many different types of management decisions including possible corrective actions when a performance requirement of an application is not being satisfied and actions to take place when there is more demand then supply. System policy is derived from the interactions between Service Level Agreements (contractual agreements between businesses) and locally specified management rules. This paper explores the potential use of mathematical models (e.g., optimisation models) for relating the various types of policies. It describes the current and proposed work in applying policies to resource management in the context of autonomic and grid computing systems.
Human neutrophil elastase releases cell surface mucins from primary cultures of hamster tracheal epithelial cells. (1987)

Primary hamster tracheal epithelial cells growing on a collagen gel matrix produce high molecular weight mucins indistinguishable from mucins produced in vivo. Using a modified version of these confluent cultures, we have demonstrated here that (i) release of mucins can be stimulated by human neutrophil elastase (HNE; EC 3.4.21.37); (ii) HNE can degrade mucins, and both mucin release and degradation by HNE require an active catalytic site; and (iii) there are at least two pools of mucins in these cells: one is a rapidly turning-over spontaneously releasable constitutive pool, the other is a slowly turning-over HNE-releasable pool. We provide evidence that the HNE-releasable mucins are membrane bound and associated with the secretory cell apical surface.
A CMOS data and clock recovery macrocell for burst-mode/continuous-mode transmissions (2002)

A data and clock recovery circuit, where a VCO is controlled by seven phase control signals, is implemented as a macrocell in 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS. The 1.5/spl times/2.1 mm/sup 2/ macrocell can capture a burst-signal within three bits, can tolerate more than 500 bit runlength, can track phase-variation up to 2 /spl pi//spl times/690/spl times/10/sup 3/ rad/s, and dissipates 235 mW from a 3.3 V supply at 155.52 Mb/s. The macrocell can operate up to 320 Mb/s.
Signal magnitudes in high density ferroelectric memories (1994)

Abstract We review several issues affecting the signal delivered to a sense-amp in high density ferroelectric nonvolatile memories. Typical DRAM parameters are used to approximate the expected signal and to determine constraints on ferroelectric properties. These calculations pertain to memories which are destructively read and which use either a 1T/1C (one cell per bit) or a 2T/2C (two cells per bit) architecture.
Low-loss materials for high Q-factor Bragg reflector resonators (2008)

A Bragg resonator uses dielectric plates within a metallic cavity to confine the energy within a central free space region. The importance of the permittivity is shown with a better Q factor possible using higher permittivity materials of larger intrinsic dielectric losses. This is because the electric energy in the reflectors decreases proportionally to the square root of permittivity and the coupling to the metallic losses decrease linearly. In a sapphire resonator with a single reflector pair a Q factor of 2.34×105 is obtained, which may be improved on by up to a factor of 2 using higher permittivity materials.
Type II secretory phospholipase A2 in cardiovascular disease: a mediator in atherosclerosis and ischemic damage to cardiomyocytes? (2003)

Inflammatory reactions contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular conditions such as atherosclerosis and ischemic damage in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Among the mediators involved in inflammation are secretory phospholipase A2 group II (sPLA2-II) enzymes. Though some cells constitutively express sPLA2-II, the synthesis by cells such as hepatocytes is typical for an acute-phase reactant. Recent literature suggests multiple roles for sPLA2-II in cardiovascular disease. In this review we discuss the role of sPLA2-II in various in vivo and in vitro models of atherosclerosis or AMI, including the therapeutic perspective of sPLA2-II inhibitors. It was concluded that sPLA2-II appears to be an important inflammatory mediator of cardiovascular disease.
Acetylenics. 2. Synthesis and pharmacology of certain N,N-dialkyl-3-phenylpropyn-2-amines and some analogs with tryptamine-like behavioral effects in mice (1978)

A number of N,N-dialkyl-3-phenylpropyn-2-amines 7 have been prepared and tested for their biological action. Certain analogues show tryptamine-like behavior effects in mice. The tryptamine-like activity of these compounds appears to be controlled by their lipophilicity. These compounds show only weak inhibition of rat liver monoamine oxidase. Although these compounds exhibit tryptamine-like action, experiments seem to indicate that there is no interaction with the tryptamine receptors.
Geometric-imprints: a significant points extraction method for the Scan&Track virtual environment (2002)

We have implemented a new algorithm, called the geometric imprints method for extracting key features of a given contour. A series of points on the curve are used to find a geometric imprint set of the contour. The algorithm is based upon the assumption that an articulated human and other figures have mostly cylindrical body parts. The algorithm recursively partitions the contour based upon the cylindrical nature of human silhouettes, and a starting point. Similar topological contours are expected to produce similar geometric imprints. Thus the correspondence problem is somewhat simplified. Results of our implementation are presented.
Acceleration of Tenderization/Inhibition of Warmed‐Over Flavor by Calcium Chloride‐Antioxidant Infusion into Lamb Carcasses (1991)

ABSTRACT Infusion of 0.3M calcium chloride plus 1% sodium ascorbate or 0.25% maltol into freshly slaughtered lambs resulted in acceleration of postmortem tenderization through activation of calcium dependent proteases, inhibition of lipid oxidation and retardation of warmed‐over flavor on ground cooked patties from their meat. After storage 2 days at 4°C, patties from lamb carcasses treated with antioxidants retained more desirable flavor characteristics (meaty and musty/herby) of lamb, and had less off‐flavor (painty and cardboardy) intensities.