gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epidural Peg Electrodes for the Presurgical Evaluation of Intractable Epilepsy (1990)

Abstract A new electrode design for the extradural recording of electrical brain activity is described. Epidural peg electrodes are implantable mushroom-shaped composites of Silastic clastomer and a stainless steel or platinum disc. These electrodes are useful for the preoperative mapping of seizure foci in some patients who have cranial defects or severe muscle artifacts on scalp recordings. They are also used for canvassing wide areas of cortex to determine whether a seizure is focal in origin, arises diffusely from a hemisphere, or has a bilateral origin. Advantages of epidural peg electrodes over screw and other types of epidural electrodes include low risk of infection or hemorrhage and improved patient comfort.
Secreted Aspartyl Proteinases and Interactions of <i>Candida albicans</i> with Human Endothelial Cells (1998)

The endothelial cell interactions of homozygous null mutants of Candida albicans that were deficient in secreted aspartyl proteinase 1 (Sap1), Sap2, or Sap3 were investigated. Only Sap2 was found to contribute to the ability of C. albicans to damage endothelial cells and stimulate them to express E-selectin. None of the Saps studied appears to play a role in C. albicans adherence to endothelial cells.
Prevalence of Methicillin‐Resistant and Methicillin‐Susceptible<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>in the Community (2000)

Recent reports indicate that community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are increasing and may now involve persons without risk factors predisposing for acquisition. To estimate the extent of community MRSA in New York City, the prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA nasal colonization in a well-patient population of 500 children and guardians was determined. The prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage was 35% for children and 28% for guardians. One person with predisposing risk factors was colonized with an MRSA, which was identified as the predominant clone found in New York City hospitals. A high degree of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus strain diversity was noted, with no apparent selection for specific clonal types. Thus, MRSA colonization is not ubiquitous in persons without predisposing risk outside of the health care environment. Bacterial competition and a lack of strong selection may limit the community spread of MRSA and can account for its sporadic distribution.
Identification of Enterococcus species isolated from human infections by a conventional test scheme (1989)

Streptococci (206 cultures) previously identified as enterococci were retrieved from storage and reidentified by using tests designed to identify species of the genus Enterococcus. Of these 188, 91% were correctly identified as Enterococcus species. Of the remaining strains, nine (4%) were unidentified and six (3%) and 3 (1.5%) were identified as Leuconostoc sp. and Lactococcus sp., respectively. Two new Enterococcus species were discovered: E. raffinosus and E. solitarius. DNA-DNA hybridizations were performed on selected strains to assure correct identification. Cultures representing 10 of the 12 Enterococcus species were among the 188 strains identified. An identification system based on the grouping of key reactions of 20 phenotypic characteristics of Enterococcus species is described.
Identification and macrophage‐activating activity of glycolipids released from intracellular <i> Mycobacterium bovis</i> BCG (2003)

Intracellular mycobacteria release cell wall glycolipids into the endosomal network of infected macrophages. Here, we characterize the glycolipids of Mycobacterium bovis BCG (BCG) that are released into murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMØ). Intracellularly released mycobacterial lipids were harvested from BMMØ that had been infected with 14C-labelled BCG. Released BCG lipids were resolved by thin-layer chromatography, and they migrated similarly to phosphatidylinositol dimannosides (PIM2), mono- and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, trehalose mono- and dimycolates and the phenolic glycolipid, mycoside B. Culture-derived BCG lipids that co-migrated with the intracellularly released lipids were purified and identified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. When delivered on polystyrene microspheres, fluorescently tagged BCG lipids were also released into the BMMØ, in a manner similar to release from viable or heat-killed BCG bacilli. To determine whether the released lipids elicited macrophage responses, BCG lipid-coated microspheres were delivered to interferon gamma-primed macrophages (BMMØ or thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages), and reactive nitrogen intermediates as well as tumour necrosis factor-alpha and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production were induced. When fractionated BCG lipids were delivered on the microspheres, PIM2 species reproduced the macrophage-activating activity of total BCG lipids. These results demonstrate that intracellular mycobacteria release a heterogeneous mix of lipids, some of which elicit the production of proinflammatory cytokines from macrophages that could potentially contribute to the granulomatous response in tuberculous diseases.
Sterol and Fatty Acid Metabolism in<i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> (1977)

The effects of temperatures ranging from 10°C to 35°C on sterol and fatty acid production and hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase (EC 1.1,1.34, HMGCoA reductase) activity have been examined. Growth, based on dry weight, was maximal at 25°C to 30°C. Sterol production and the reductase activity were highest at 15°C after 28~32 hr incubation when the total fatty acids were minimal. Fatty acid unsaturation generally increased with decrease in temperature.
Functional role of sialyl Lewis X and fibronectin-derived RGDS peptide analogue on tumor-cell arrest in lungs followed by extravasation (1996)

Our study demonstrates that synthetic sialyl Lewis X (SLex) as a ligand for selectins and fibronectin-derived RGDS peptide analogue [Ar(DRGDS)3] inhibits lung metastases produced by i.v. co-injection of B16-BL6 melanoma cells. To investigate the inhibitory mechanisms in a living animal, we performed positron-emission tomography (PET) analysis after i.v. injection of [2-18F]2-fluoro-2v-deoxy-D-glucose-labeled tumor cells with or without liposomal SLex or Ar(DRGDS)3. The real-time PET measurement for the first 120 min, started immediately after injection, showed that tumor-cell arrest, i.e., accumulation in the target organ (lung) was remarkably inhibited by liposomal SLex, but not inhibited by Ar(DRGDS)3 or liposomal Me-SLex, which is not recognized by selectins. In contrast, Ar(DRGDS)3 inhibited the invasion of B16-BL6 cells into reconstituted basement membrane (Matrigel) following tumor arrest, whereas SLex- or Me-SLex-entrapped liposomes did not affect tumor invasion. In the metastatic processes containing tumor-cell lodgement and arrest in the target organ followed by extravasation (invasion), SLex resulted in the inhibition of initial arrest of tumor cells, presumably tumor-endothelium interaction, while Ar(DRGDS)3 achieved inhibition of tumor invasion into basement membrane at later steps of the cascade, consequently leading to inhibition of metastasis. Thus, tumor-cell arrest in lungs in the metastatic processes must be precisely and properly controlled by different adhesion molecules at different stages, which are similar to those observed in leukocyte-endothelium interaction.
Polymerization of 1,3‐butadiene with the catalyst system composed of a cobalt compound and methylaluminoxane (1992)

Abstract Polymerization of 1,3‐butadiene was conducted with a CoBr 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 and methylaluminoxane catalyst. From the spectroscopic analysis of both crude and hydrogenated polymers, it was found that the polymer produced with the catalyst was composed of approximately 35% cis ‐1,4‐ and 65% 1,2‐units without stereoregularity. Effects of temperature, Al/Co ratio and addition of some Lewis bases on the polymerization were also examined in some detail.
A model for the critical review mode in TSI (1996)

Total systems intervention (TSI) is a meta‐methodology which interprets and brings into action a range of problem solving methodologies. TSI is one framework which has evolved from the operationalization of critical systems thinking (CST). This paper presents a six‐step model for the operationalization of the critical review mode, which is one of the three modes within TSI. The model presented may also prove to be of use in the operationalization of the other two modes in TSI.
Preparation of Nanocomposite Microspheres Containing High Concentration of TiO2 Nanoparticles via Bead Mill Dispersion in Organic Solvent (2009)

Abstract TiO2 nanocomposite microspheres with a high concentration of around 40 mass % were successfully prepared. TiO2 nanoparticles were well dispersed in butyl acetate by a bead mill. After adding an acrylic monomer and initiator, the suspension was heated at 80 °C for 16 h to evaporate butyl acetate and polymerize the monomer. The replacement of butyl acetate with the monomer as the dispersion medium was effective in producing a high concentration of TiO2 nanocomposite microspheres.
Lithography hotspot discovery at 70nm DRAM 300mm fab: Process Window Qualification using Design Base Binning (2008)

Identifying hotspots - structures that limit the lithography process window - become increasingly important as the industry relies heavily on RET to print subwavelength designs. KLA-Tencor's patented Process Window Qualification (PWQ) methodology has been used for this purpose in various fabs. PWQ methodology has three key advantages (a) PWQ Layout - to obtain the best sensitivity (b) Design Based Binning - for pattern repeater analysis (c) Intelligent sampling - for the best DOI sampling rate. This paper evaluates two different analysis stratagies for SEM review sampling successfully deployed at Inotera Memories, Inc. We propose a new approach combining the location repeater and pattern repeaters. Based on a recent case study the new sampling flow reduces the data analysis and sampling time from 6 hours to 1.5 hour maintaining maximum DOI sample rate.
SCANNING SQUID MICROSCOPY (1999)

▪ Abstract The scanning SQUID microscope (SSM) is a powerful tool for imaging magnetic fields above sample surfaces. It has the advantage of high sensitivity and bandwidth and the disadvantages of relatively modest spatial resolution and the requirement of a cooled SQUID sensor. We describe the various implementations of this type of instrument and discuss a number of applications, including magnetic imaging of short circuits in integrated circuits, corrosion currents in aluminum, and trapped flux in superconductors.
THE DISSOLUTION OF METALS IN FUSED HALIDES (1961)

CONTENTS I. Introduction 90 II. Sub-Compounds 91 III. Colour centres in ionic crystals 94 IV. Solubility of metals in pure salts 95 V. Influence of foreign cations on the solubility of metals 98 VI. Cryoscopic studies of solutions of metals in fused salts 99 VII. Influence of the dissolution of metals on the vapour pressure of fused salts 100 VIII. Volume effects accompanying the dissolution of metals in fused salts 100 IX. Potentiometric studies of solutions of metals 101 X. Electrical conductivity of solutions of metals in fused salts 102 XI. Magnetic and spectroscopic studies of solutions of metals in fused salts 103 XII. Dissolution of metals in electrochemical processes 103 XIII. Conclusion 104
Cyclosporin and tacrolimus: their use in a routine clinical setting for scleroderma (2000)

Improvements in skin occur in approximately half of all cases of scleroderma treated with either cyclosporin or tacrolimus, suggesting a beneficial effect. Side-effects, especially hypertension, are common with cyclosporin and often necessitate withdrawal. Adverse effects are also observed with tacrolimus, but in the small cohort so far treated only one patient had stopped the drug for this reason.
Voice activity detection for best signal selection in air traffic management and control systems (2015)

The Best Signal Selection (BSS) in air traffic management and control systems has to decide among several signal instances of the same source which one offers the highest speech intelligibility. In these systems, the source signal is not available, thus, objective speech quality tests could not be used. However, information with regards to the speech quality could be obtained from the score of voice activity detection (VAD) algorithms. In this paper the correlation between speech quality and the score of VAD algorithms is analyzed. The results showed that the VAD score-based methods do not saturate for higher SNR, as the Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ) does. A new VAD algorithm as a solution for the best signal selection problem is also proposed.
Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (2009)

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is recognized as the number-one cause of transfusion-associated death in the United States. Although TRALI was not designated as the number-one cause until 2004, respiratory-related symptoms associated with blood transfusion have been reported for decades. More recently, our understanding of the pathophysiology and clinical significance of TRALI has advanced significantly, and great efforts are being implemented for patient safety. This article reviews the background, history, definitions, clinical features, and pathophysiology of TRALI. It also discusses some of the difficulties in diagnosing TRALI, compares some of the important components in the differential diagnosis, and describes some of the efforts being implemented for patient safety.
<title>Folder management on a multimodality PACS display station</title> (1991)

The Radiology Department at the University of Pennsylvania is installing a clinical picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The first phase of the PACS will support two MRI scanners, one film digitizer, and will provide display stations for four intensive care units and the MRI section. The software design for the image display stations has taken the form of two software modules: a display process (DP) and a worstation folder manager (WFM). This layered approach will ease the addition of new display stations into the PACS. The two processes communicate directly and through a folder database (FDB) that resides on the display node. The DP will allow the user to view and perform spatial and grayscale manipulation on multimodality images displayed on two high-resolution (2560 H X 2048 V) grayscale monitors. The WFM is responsible for processing folder requests from the DP, receiving folders from the main archive folder manager (MAIN_FM), fetching images from the image archive and retrieval system (IARS), and maintaining the FDB. All communication between the WFM and both the MAIN_FM and IARS is performed using ACR-NEMA style messages. The WFM has the ability to receive unsolicited folders in addition to folders on request. The WFM can also generate return folders for the MAIN_FM that contain physician reports of viewed images.
A Three-Phase Approach to Efficiently Transform C# into KDM (2012)

The scientific method has provided the 21st allopathic healer with many powerful and effective tools to combat disease. However, the management of technology does not equate with being a healer. The integral healer not only utilizes the power of the scientific method but also balances its application with compassionate intention and wise perspective. This article describes the characteristics of the 4 pillars of becoming an integral healer (competency, compassion, wisdom, and self-cultivation) and describes how each one of these pillars is vital to being a healer.
Pharmacologic Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1 (2007)

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a cytoprotective protein whose expression is consistently associated with therapeutic benefits in a number of pathologic conditions such as atherosclerotic vascular disease and inflammation. Although the expression of HO-1 in most tissues is low, a large number of clinical and experimental pharmacologic compounds have been demonstrated to induce HO-1. This induction is suggested to be at least partially responsible for the perceived therapeutic efficacy of these compounds. The increase in HO-1 expression in response to these compounds is the result of a complex regulatory network involving many signaling pathways and transcription factors. Understanding both the pathways by which HO-1 is induced and the mechanism through which the enzyme exerts its beneficial effects may facilitate the development of novel drugs.
How Viscoelastic Polymer Flooding Enhances Displacement Efficiency (2015)

Abstract Increasing flooding solution viscosity with polymers provides a favourable mobility ratio, compared to brine flooding, and hence improved volumetric sweep efficiency. Flooding with a polymer solution exhibiting elastic properties has been reported to increase displacement efficiency, resulting in a sustained doubling of the recovery enhancement compared to that with conventional viscous polymer flooding (SPE-144294 (Wang, et al., 2011)). Flooding with viscoelastic polymer solutions is claimed to increase recovery more than expected from changes in capillary number alone (SPE-127453 (Wang, et al., 2010)). This increase in displacement efficiency by viscoelastic polymers is reported to occur due to changes in the steady state flow profile and enhancements in oil stripping and thread formation. However, within the industry there are doubts that a genuine effect is observed, or that improvements in displacement efficiency occur with field-applicable flow regimes (SPE-169681 (Vermolen, et al., 2014)). In this work, we show a different mechanism by which viscoelastic polymer solutions provide improvements in displacement efficiency, and demonstrate that these effects may be obtained at field-relevant flow rates. Our observations implicate an effect previously unrecognised in this context. Furthermore, this underlying mechanism explains both the enhanced capillary desaturation curves and the observation of apparent flow thickening (SPE-129200 (Seright, et al., 2011), SPE-113620 (Delshad, et al., 2008)) for these viscoelastic solutions in porous media. The work contrasts experiments on flow and recovery using viscous and viscoelastic polymer solutions. The circumstances under which viscoelasticity is beneficial are demonstrated. The findings are applicable to the design of formulations for enhanced oil recovery by polymer flooding. A combination of core flooding, micromodel flow, and rheometric studies are presented. The results include single-phase and multi-phase floods in sandstone cores. Polymer solutions are viscoelastic (partially hydrolysed polyacrylamide, HPAM) or viscous (xanthan). The effect of molecular weight, flow rate, and concentration of the HPAMs are described. The data lead us to suggest an alternative mechanism that may be used to explain the observations of improved displacement efficiency and why the improvement is not seen for all viscoelastic polymer floods.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Ion Conductance in Field-Stabilized Nanoscale Lipid Electropores (2013)

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of electrophoretic transport of monovalent ions through field-stabilized electropores in POPC lipid bilayers permit systematic characterization of the conductive properties of lipid nanopores. The radius of the electropore can be controlled by the magnitude of the applied sustaining external electric field, which also drives the transport of ions through the pore. We examined pore conductances for two monovalent salts, NaCl and KCl, at physiological concentrations. Na(+) conductance is significantly less than K(+) and Cl(-) conductance and is a nonlinear function of pore radius over the range of pore radii investigated. The single pore electrical conductance of KCl obtained from MD simulation is comparable to experimental values measured by chronopotentiometry.
Cartilaginous tumors of the larynx. (1981)

Laryngeal cartilaginous tumors are well-defined masses that arise within the endolaryngeal structures, predominantly the cricoid cartilage. Twelve cases with long-term followup are reviewed. The importance of early and complete radiological evaluation and the potential for recurrence is emphasized. Since metastases or extralaryngeal extension is rare, conservative surgery, preserving laryngeal function as long as possible, is the treatment of choice. The histological distinction of chondroma versus chondrosarcoma is not essential for the clinical management of these lesions, and we suggest they be designated as cartilaginous tumors of the larynx.
Synthesis and characterization of two charge-transfer salts based on Keggin-type polyoxometalates and morpholinebiguanide (2009)

Two new inorganic-organic salts, formulated as (C6H13N5OH)2 [HPMo12O40] · 5H2O and (C6H13N5OH)3[PW12O40], were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ESR, diffuse reflectance spectra, thermogravimetry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Solid diffuse reflectance spectra showed charge-transfer interactions between the inorganic and organic moieties in the solid state. Salt I had strong photosensitivity for UV light or X-ray irradiation, and its photochromic reaction under UV light was found to exhibit first-order kinetics.
BUDI DAYA TANAMAN HIDROPONIK ASMAN TOGA SEBAGAI INOVASI MEDIA TANAM RAMAH LINGKUNGAN (2021)

Mayoritas masyarakat desa Ngumpakdalem kecamatan Dander kabupaten Bojonegoro masih mengandalkan bercocok tanam Asman Toga melalui media tanah di kebun, sawah mapun pekarangan rumah. Seiring berjalannya waktu, lahan tanah sebagai media tanam semakin menyempit akibat bertambahnya jumlah bangunan yang berdiri mengganti fungsi lahan cocok tanam. Hadirnya inovasi teknologi tanaman hidroponik Asman Toga (Asuhan Mandiri Taman Obat Keluarga) diharapkan mampu menjawab tantangan itu. Metode yang dipergunakan dalam pengabdian ini adalah ABCD (Asset Based Community Development) dengan memanfaatkan aset lokal berupa Kangkung dan Seledri yang melimpah di desa Ngumpakdalem. Budidaya ini penting dilakukan sebagai upaya menekan biaya operasional tapi dapat mengoptimalkan hasil panenan. Pelatihan budidaya tanaman hidroponik Asman Toga ini melibatkan beberapa mitra, yaitu pemerintah Desa Ngumpakdalem, komunitas Mpok Damira (Kelompok Dalem Mandiri Sejahtera), gerakan PKK Desa Ngumpakdalem, dan IDFoS (Institute Development of Society) Indonesia cabang Bojonegoro. Hasil pengabdian ini dapat dilihat dari meningkatnya jumlah tanaman hidroponik Asman Toga di pekarangan rumah-rumah warga, pemanfaatan botol plastik bekas dan seterofom yang dilubangi dengan tujuan untuk jalan keluar nya akar dari gelas untuk menyerap air, serta penggunaan pupuk organik sebagai penyubur tanaman hidroponik yang ramah lingkungan.