gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of visual management in small medium enterprises in Vietnam (2017)

Lean manufacturing (LM), often simply named as 'lean', plays an important role in enterprises to eliminate waste, increase productivity and efficiency. Visual management (VM) is one of the most efficient and widely used tools and techniques in LM in addition to other techniques like 5S, Kaizen, just-in-time, etc. Lean has been introduced in Vietnam for more than ten years, but few enterprises have applied and attained significant achievement. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the barriers to VM implementation in small- and medium-sized enterprise (SMEs) in Vietnam. In this study, in-depth semi-structured interviews, surveys, plant visit (factory tour) and, in some cases, observed managers' statements and conversations with blue-collar workers are used to collect relevant data. Based on the results, a VM model which consists of five main factors including human mindset, employee participation, board of management's long-term commitment, training program, and reward/punishment policy, is proposed for further development of LM in SMEs in Vietnam.
A high-sensitivity magnetoresistive magnetometer (1991)

A high-sensitivity, small-size, low-power-consumption, broad-bandwidth magnetometer has been built in which a magnetoresistive element is located adjacent to a gap between two thin-film flux concentrators. The concentrators magnify the sensed component of magnetic field 20-fold while simultaneously shielding orthogonal fields by more than a factor of 10. The sensor plus bias coil fit inside a 6-mm-diam probe. The intrinsic sensitivity is approximately 50 mV/(V Oe), and is flat from dc out to 50 MHz. With a sensitivity of 300 mV/Oe at 100 mW power, a 2-Hz slot signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 30 dB at dc, and a 200-Hz slot SNR of 40 dB at 1 MHz, has been measured when detecting a 1 gamma (10−5 Oe or 1 nT) signal field. With design enhancements and ac detection techniques to eliminate thermal drift and 1/f-type noise, detection of low-frequency magnetic fields of the order 1 mgamma could be achievable.
Therapeutic Approaches to Varicella-Zoster Virus Infections (1992)

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections, the cause of chickenpox and shingles, are usually benign but are associated with morbidity and mortality, especially in immunocompromised hosts. Significant advances have been achieved in the treatment of VZV infections. In immunocompromised patients, both vidarabine and acyclovir have proved useful for the therapy of chickenpox and herpes zoster. Acyclovir, administered intravenously, is the treatment of choice for these infections. Both chickenpox and herpes zoster in the normal host are amenable to therapy with orally administered acyclovir. For older individuals with herpes zoster, acceleration of cutaneous healing can be accomplished at dosages of 800 mg five times a day for 10 days. Acyclovir therapy of chickenpox is recommended for adolescents and young adults with infection. In the future, improved therapies for VZV infections may include such newer antiviral drugs as bromovinyl arabinosyl uracil and acyclovir prodrugs.
A Barley Xyloglucan Xyloglucosyl Transferase Covalently Links Xyloglucan, Cellulosic Substrates, and (1,3;1,4)-β-D-Glucans (2007)

Molecular interactions between wall polysaccharides, which include cellulose and a range of noncellulosic polysaccharides such as xyloglucans and (1,3;1,4)-beta-D-glucans, are fundamental to cell wall properties. These interactions have been assumed to be noncovalent in nature in most cases. Here we show that a highly purified barley xyloglucan xyloglucosyl transferase HvXET5 (EC 2.4.1.207), a member of the GH16 group of glycoside hydrolases, catalyzes the in vitro formation of covalent linkages between xyloglucans and cellulosic substrates and between xyloglucans and (1,3;1,4)-beta-D-glucans. The rate of covalent bond formation catalyzed by HvXET5 with hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) is comparable with that on tamarind xyloglucan, whereas that with (1,3; 1,4)-beta-D-glucan is significant but slower. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometric analyses showed that oligosaccharides released from the fluorescent HEC:xyloglucan conjugate by a specific (1,4)-beta-D-glucan endohydrolase consisted of xyloglucan substrate with one, two, or three glucosyl residues attached. Ancillary peaks contained hydroxyethyl substituents (m/z 45) and confirmed that the parent material consisted of HEC covalently linked with xyloglucan. Similarly, partial hydrolysis of the (1,3;1,4)-beta-D-glucan:xyloglucan conjugate by a specific (1,3;1,4)-beta-D-glucan endohydrolase revealed the presence of a series of fluorescent oligosaccharides that consisted of the fluorescent xyloglucan acceptor substrate linked covalently with 2-6 glucosyl residues. These findings raise the possibility that xyloglucan endo-transglucosylases could link different polysaccharides in vivo and hence influence cell wall strength, flexibility, and porosity.
Hybrid photocatalysts using graphitic carbon nitride/cadmium sulfide/reduced graphene oxide (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/CdS/RGO) for superior photodegradation of organic pollutants under UV and visible light (2014)

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was hybridized with CdS nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) sheets using a facile chemical method, for the application of catalytic photodegradation of Rhodamine B and Congo red dyes under irradiation with UV and visible light. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) analyses confirmed the formation of pure g-C3N4, as well as g-C3N4/CdS, g-C3N4/RGO, and g-C3N4/CdS/RGO composites. The large surface area of the g-C3N4/CdS/RGO composite (70.42 m(2) g(-1)) resulted in rapid dye adsorption onto the surface of the photocatalyst, leading to effective photodegradation of organic pollutants. The addition of CdS and RGO increased the photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4 by a factor of approximately twenty compared with that of the commercially available TiO2 catalyst under visible light, and the g-C3N4/CdS/RGO composite was found to significantly enhance the catalytic effect compared with pure g-C3N4 and with the g-C3N4/CdS and g-C3N4/RGO composites. The superior photocatalytic activity of the g-C3N4/CdS/RGO composite is attributed to enhanced separation of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs, as well as increased visible-light absorption. The improved transport of photoelectrons was consistent with the results of transient photocurrent measurements. Therefore, g-C3N4/CdS/RGO composites using a facile method are applicable to the development of high-efficiency photocatalytic devices for industrial applications.
A monoclonal antibody directed against high M<sub>r</sub> salivary mucins recognizes the SO<sub>3</sub>-3Galβ1-3GlcNAc moiety of sulfo-Lewis<sup>a</sup>: a histochemical survey of human and rat tissue (1997)

Using a panel of synthetic oligosaccharides attached to a polyacrylamide carrier, the epitope of monoclonal antibody F2, evoked to high M(r) salivary mucins, was mapped to the SO3-3Gal beta 1-3GlcNAc- moeity of the sulfo-Le(a) antigen. Using immunochemical techniques, the expression of the F2-epitope was investigated in a number of different isolated human mucin species, as well as in human and rat tissue specimens. The mAb F2 bound to high M(r) salivary mucins, cervical mucins, colon mucins and gallblader mucins, but not to low M(r) salivary mucins nor to gastric mucins. Immunohistochemical screening of human tissues with mAb F2 revealed a positive reaction with a number of epithelia, including the (sero)mucous salivary glands, the goblet cells of the colon, submucosal glands of the lung, the lining epithelium of cervical and esophageal glands, the suprabasal skin keratinocytes, and Hassall's corpuscles of the thymus. No staining was found in normal breast, pancreas, small intestine, spleen, and lymph nodes. Normal gastric glands were negative, but gastric intestinal metaplastic glands strongly stained with the antibody. In rat tissues, mAb F2 labeled epithelial cells of salivary glands, colon and stomach. In addition to epithelial cells, extracellular matrix components in rat thymus and skin were labeled by mAb F2. No labeling of erythrocytes, granulocytes, lymphocytes or bone marrow cells was found by FACScan analysis. The present data shows a tissue specific distribution of the F2-epitope in cells from the epithelial lineage in human and rat.
Wound Healing: Investigation of Proteins, Glycoproteins, and Lipids of Experimental Wound Fluid in the Dog (1959)

Surgical implants of stainless steel mesh cylinders were made into subcutaneous tissue of dog's back. These were removed at intervals of 1 to 4 weeks. Wound fluid was aspirated from inside these cylinders encapsulated with fibrous tissue. When compared with animal's serum, this fluid was lower in protein, glycoprotein, and lipid; and these components decreased with time during post-wound period. As studied by paper electrophoresis, wound fluid had a higher per cent of albumin and lower alpha-2 and beta-1 globulin. An elevation of protein-bound hexose was found in beta and gamma globulin fractions at 3 to 4 weeks. Seromucoid was present at same level in wound fluid and serum. The lipid partition revealed especially low phosphatides but similar cholesterol:protein ratios. It appears that time-related changes occur in large molecular constituents of fluid found in wound area which may be significant in wound healing phenomenon.
The carriage of Malassezia furfur serovars A, B and C in patients with pityriasis versicolor, seborrhoeic dermatitis and controls (1993)

The aetiological role of Malassezia furfur in various dermatoses is controversial. The role of the three serovars of M. furfur in Malassezia-associated diseases has not been investigated. This study measured population densities of M. furfur serovars A, B and C, propionibacteria and Micrococcaceae on the chest, back, forehead, left and right cheeks of 10 patients with pityriasis versicolor, and 10 age- and sex-matched controls; and 10 patients with seborrhoeic dermatitis, and 10 age- and sex-matched controls. The population densities of M. furfur, propionibacteria and Micrococcaceae did not vary at a given site between patients and the corresponding control subjects. Malassezia furfur serovar A was found to be the predominant isolate on the chest and back of all four groups, but there was no difference in the distribution of serovars on the forehead and cheeks. No serovar was specifically associated with lesional skin in either disease. Thus, this data indicated that there was no difference in either the total population density of M. furfur or the distribution of serovars on lesional skin compared with control skin in either pityriasis versicolor or seborrhoeic dermatitis.
Effect of a wing-tip mounted pusher turboprop on the aerodynamic characteristics of a semi-span wing (1985)

An exploratory investigation has been conducted at the NASA Langley Research Center to determine the installed performance of a wing tip-mounted pusher turboprop. Tests were conducted using a semispan model having an unswept, untapered wing with a air-driven motor located on the tip of the wing, with an SR-2 design high speed propeller installed on the rear shaft of the motor. All tests were conducted at a Mach number of 0.70, at angles of attack of approximately -2 to +4 deg, and at a Reynolds number of 3.82 million based on the wing chord of 13 inches. The data indicate that, as a result of locating the propeller behind the wing trailing edge, at the wingtip, in the cross flow of the tip vortex, it is possible to recover part of the vortex energy as an increase in propeller thrust and, therefore, a reduction in the lift-induced drag as well.
The adenovirus E3/10.4K–14.5K proteins down-modulate the apoptosis receptor Fas/Apo-1 by inducing its internalization (1998)

Adenoviruses (Ads) have evolved multiple mechanisms to evade the host immune response. Several of the immunomodulatory Ad proteins are encoded in early transcription unit 3 (E3). The E3/19K protein interferes with antigen presentation and T cell recognition, whereas the E3/10.4K, 14.5K, and 14.7K proteins can protect cells from tumor necrosis factor alpha-mediated lysis. Here, we describe an additional activity of E3 proteins. Transfectants expressing all E3 proteins of Ad2 exhibit a profound reduction of the apoptosis receptor CD95 (Fas, APO-1) on the cell surface. In contrast, cells expressing only the E3A region have normal Fas levels. Thus, one of the E3B proteins (10.4K, 14.5K, or 14.7K) seems to be responsible for this effect. To identify the E3B products involved, each individual E3B ORF was selectively disrupted. Examination of stable cell lines containing the mutated E3 regions showed that Fas expression is restored when either the 10.4K or the 14.5K ORF is disrupted, whereas mutation of the 14.7K ORF does not rescue Fas expression. Loss of Fas on the cell surface is accompanied by a similar decrease of total Fas levels. However, in the presence of lysosomotropic agents Fas accumulates in endosomal/lysosomal vesicles, indicating that 10.4K-14.5K induce internalization and degradation of Fas. Down-regulation of Fas but not CD40 is also observed during infection and as a consequence, Ad-infected cells are protected from Fas-mediated apoptosis. Thus, the Fas system is implicated in Ad pathogenesis.
Design and use of a computer controlled confocal microscope for biological applications (1985)

Abstract In the confocal scanning light microscope where the object is scanned mechanically through a finely focused laser spot, a fundamentally higher resolution can be achieved when a point detector is employed. Such a microscope possesses in addition to a high dynamic range excellent sectioning capabilities, and is because of this very suitable for “3‐Dimensional imaging”, especially when operated in fluorescence. An instrument under computer control and with extensive image processing capabilities is described. Various biological applications are given including computer generated stereo images of biological structures with submicron resolution.
Plasmon‐Enhanced Polymer Photovoltaic Device Performance Using Different Patterned Ag/PVP Electrospun Nanofibers (2014)

Significant enhancement of P3HT (poly(3‐hexylthiophene)):PC 61 BM ([6,6]‐phenyl C61‐butyric acid methyl ester) photovoltaic devices using different patterns of electrospun Ag/PVP composite nanofibers, including nonwoven, aligned, and crossed patterns, is reported. The composite electrospun nanofibers are prepared using in situ reduction of silver (Ag) nanoparticles in Ag/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) via a two‐fluid coaxial electrospinning technique. The composition, crystalline orientation, and particle size of Ag are manipulated by controlling the core/shell solution concentration. The smallest diameter of the composite nanofibers leads to the highest orientation of the Ag nanoparticles and results in the largest conductivity due to geometric confinement. Such composite nanofibers exhibit the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect, which provides near field enhancement of electromagnetic field around active layer. Additionally, composite nanofibers with the crossed or nonwoven patterns further enhance high carrier mobility, compared to that of the aligned pattern. It leads to the 18.7% enhancement of the power conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cell compared to the parent device. The results indicate that the high conductivity and SPR effect of the Ag/PVP electrospun nanofibers can significantly improve the photocurrent and PCE, leading to promising organic solar cell applications.
Employing EBG Structures in Multiantenna Systems for Improving Isolation and Diversity Gain (2009)

This letter investigates the effect of mutual coupling on the operation of a multiantenna system. Radiation pattern, input impedance, gain, and efficiency of a slot antenna in proximity of another slot antenna are studied through simulations. A mushroom-type electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structure is designed to isolate the antennas and reduce the influence of coupling on radiation characteristics. Two multiantenna prototypes are fabricated and experimentally evaluated. Measurement results confirm the improvement of isolation between the antennas by 28 dB at the radiation frequency of 5.2 GHz when the EBG reflector is utilized. In addition, the diversity gain of the two prototypes are measured using a reverberation chamber demonstrating an increase of 3.3 dB in the combined received power for 99% of transmission trials when the EBG structure is added in the substrate of the multiantenna system.
Design considerations for bottom antireflective coating for 157 nm lithography (2002)

Semiconductor companies have been successful in introducing new process technology generations every two years. In order to maintain this accelerated pace, 157nm technology is schedule to be introduced in late 2003. Although there are still several obstacles to achieving this goal, there has been considerable progress in the 157nm program. The solution to 157nm technology is however, not complete without an antireflective coating. This paper describes in detail the various design considerations for an antireflective layer for 157nm lithography. These considerations involve a) multilayer system vs. single layer, b) optical constants, c) screening of chromophore, d) etch rate, and e) lithography. This paper will show the optical constants necessary to maintain less than 2% reflectance for single layer systems (1st and 2nd min) and bilayer systems (3rd and 4th min). Additionally, it will demonstrate that it is possible to control k value of the antireflective layer in the range of 0.2 to 0.5. It will be shown that materials with both high k value and etch selectivity >1 can be designed for 1st min single layer applications. Lastly, resist profiles were generated using currently available 157nm photoresist and a commercial BARC.
Puma strikes Bax (2009)

The commitment to programmed cell death via apoptosis is largely made upon activation of the proapoptotic mitochondrial proteins Bax or Bak. In this issue, Gallenne et al. (Gallenne, C., F. Gautier, L. Oliver, E. Hervouet, B. Noël, J.A. Hickman, O. Geneste, P.-F. Cartron, F.M. Vallette, S. Manon, and P. Juin. 2009. J. Cell Biol. 185:279-290) provide evidence that the p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (Puma) protein can directly activate Bax.
Monitoring surface charge migration in the spectral dynamics of single<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cd</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Se</mml:mi><mml:mo>∕</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cd</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">S</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>nanodot/nanorod heterostructures (2005)

Spherical CdSe nanocrystals capped by a CdS rod-like shell exhibit interesting spectral dynamics on the single particle level. Spectral boxcar averaging reveals a high degree of correlation between the emission energy, spectral linewidth, phonon coupling strength, and emission intensity of the single nanocrystal. The results can be described in terms of a spatially varying surface charge density in the vicinity of the exciton localized in the CdSe core, leading to a quantum confined Stark effect which modifies the transition energy and the radiative rate. Whereas internal charging of the particle results in a change in the nonradiative rate, surface charges primarily influence the radiative rate. Additionally, we observe characteristic spectral dynamics in frequency space, the magnitude of which depends slightly on temperature and strongly on excitation density. By distinguishing between continuous spectral jitter and discrete spectral jumping associated with a reversible particle ionization event, we can attribute the spectral dynamics to either a slowly varying surface charge density or a rapidly occurring polarization change due to a reversible expulsion of a charge carrier from the semiconductor nanostructure. Whereas the former exhibits universal Gaussian statistics, the latter is best characterized by a Lorentzian noise spectrum. The Gaussian spectral noise increases with spectral redshift of the emission and with increasing proximity of the surface charge to the localized exciton. The observation of a high degree of correlation between peak position and linewidth right up to room temperature suggests applications of the nanocrystals as extremely sensitive single charge detectors in both solid state devices and in biomolecular labeling, where highly local measurements of the dielectric environment are required. Nanoscale control of the physical shape of nanocrystals provides a versatile test bed for studying electronic noise, making the approach relevant to a wide range of conducting and emissive solid state systems.
Flexural stiffness in insect wings II. Spatial distribution and dynamic wing bending (2003)

The dynamic, three-dimensional shape of flapping insect wings may influence many aspects of flight performance. Insect wing deformations during flight are largely passive, and are controlled primarily by the architecture and material properties of the wing. Although many details of wing structure are well understood, the distribution of flexural stiffness in insect wings and its effects on wing bending are unknown. In this study, we developed a method of estimating spatial variation in flexural stiffness in both the spanwise and chordwise direction of insect wings. We measured displacement along the wing in response to a point force, and modeled flexural stiffness variation as a simple mathematical function capable of approximating this measured displacement. We used this method to estimate flexural stiffness variation in the hawkmoth Manduca sexta, and the dragonfly Aeshna multicolor. In both species, flexural stiffness declines sharply from the wing base to the tip, and from the leading edge to the trailing edge; this variation can be approximated by an exponential decline. The wings of M. sexta also display dorsal/ventral asymmetry in flexural stiffness and significant differences between males and females. Finite element models based on M. sexta forewings demonstrate that the measured spatial variation in flexural stiffness preserves rigidity in proximal regions of the wing, while transferring bending to the edges, where aerodynamic force production is most sensitive to subtle changes in shape.