gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Allelotype of renal cell carcinoma. (1991)

Several recent studies based on restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis have supported the concept that the accumulation of multiple genetic alterations converts a normal cell to a malignant cell. Activation of oncogenes and/or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes have been observed during tumor progression in colorectal cancer, lung cancer, and breast cancer. To investigate the possibility that multiple genes are altered during the progression of renal cell carcinoma, we have used restriction fragment length polymorphism markers throughout the genome to test for loss of heterozygosity in 38 renal cell carcinomas. Nearly 64% of the tumors had lost heterozygosity on the short arm of chromosome 3. We also observed loss of heterozygosity averaging about 30% at informative loci on six other chromosomal arms (chromosomes 5q, 6q, 10q, 11q, 17p, and 19p). These results lead us to suspect the existence of several tumor suppressor genes associated with carcinogenesis of renal cell carcinoma.
Expressed emotion in the investigation of eating disorders: A review (1993)

Expressed Emotion (EE) is a measure of family interaction that has been shown to be useful for the investigation of many psychiatric disorders. This paper describes why it is appropriate to use it for the investigation of eating disorders. There is discussion of the findings that the levels tend to vary between the different eating disorders. The relationship between EE and treatment response is discussed. Suggestions are made for further research.
Dietary Protein and Resistance Training Effects on Muscle and Body Composition in Older Persons (2007)

The regular performance of resistance exercises and the habitual ingestion of adequate amounts of dietary protein from high-quality sources are two important ways for older persons to slow the progression of and treat sarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. Resistance training can help older people gain muscle strength, hypertrophy muscle, and increase whole body fat-free mass. It can also help frail elderly people improve balance and physical functioning capabilities. Inadequate protein intake will cause adverse metabolic and physiological accommodation responses that include the loss of fat-free mass and muscle strength and size. Findings from controlled feeding studies show that older persons retain the capacity to metabolically adjust to lower protein intakes by increasing the efficiency of nitrogen retention and amino acid utilization. However, they also suggest that the recommended dietary allowance of 0.8 g protein x kg(-1) x d(-1) might not be sufficient to prevent subtle accommodations and blunt desired changes in body composition and muscle size with resistance training. Most of the limited research suggests that resistance training-induced improvements in body composition, muscle strength and size, and physical functioning are not enhanced when older people who habitually consume adequate protein (modestly above the RDA) increase their protein intake by either increasing the ingestion of higher-protein foods or consuming protein-enriched nutritional supplements.
MPLOT: A Transport Protocol Exploiting Multipath Diversity Using Erasure Codes (2008)

We propose a novel transport protocol that effectively utilizes available bandwidth and diversity gains provided by heterogeneous, highly lossy paths. Our Multi-Path LOss-Tolerant (MPLOT) protocol can be used to provide significant gains in the goodput of wireless mesh networks, subject to bursty, correlated losses with average loss-rates as high as 50%, and random outage events. MPLOT makes intelligent use of erasure codes to guard against packets losses, and a Hybrid-ARQ/FEC scheme to reduce packet recovery latency, where the redundancy is adaptively provisioned into both proactive and reactive FECs. MPLOT uses dynamic packet mapping based on current path characteristics, and does not require packets to be delivered in sequence to ensure reliability. We present a theoretical analysis of the different design choices of MPLOT and show that MPLOT makes an optimal trade-off between goodput and delay constraints. We test MPLOT, through simulations, under a variety of test scenarios and show that it effectively exploits path diversity in addition to aggregating path bandwidths. We also show that MPLOT is fair to single-path protocols like TCP-SACK.
Freeze-out effects on NMOS transistor characteristics at 4.2 K (1989)

Detailed substrate current characteristics of nMOSTs at 4.2 K were obtained with a view to elucidating their transient (hysteresis) and kink behavior below carrier freeze-out. A great similarity with room-temperature behavior is found, indicating that analogous expressions for the substrate current I/sub B/ can be used to calculate the transient time constant that follows from the forced depletion layer formation (FDLF) model reported previously by the authors (see ibid., vol.ED-35, p.1120-5, 1988). In a second part to this work, it will be demonstrated that both the substrate and the cooling bias have a marked influence on the kink. These effects can be fully understood with the FDLF model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Solvent-Engineered Design of Argyrodite Li<sub>6</sub>PS<sub>5</sub>X (X = Cl, Br, I) Solid Electrolytes with High Ionic Conductivity (2018)

Argyrodites, Li6PS5X (X = Cl, Br), are considered to be one of the most promising solid-state electrolytes for solid-state batteries. However, while traditional ball-mill approaches to prepare these materials do not promote scale-up, solution-based preparative methods have resulted in poor ionic conductivity. Herein, we report a solution-engineered, scalable approach to these materials, including the new argyrodite solid solution phase Li6–yPS5–yCl1+y (y = 0–0.5), that shows very high ionic conductivities (up to 3.9 mS·cm–1) and negligible electronic conductivities. These properties are almost the same as their analogues prepared by solid-state methods, owing to a lack of amorphous contributions and low impurity contents ranging from 3 to 10%. Electrochemical performance is demonstrated for Li6PS5Cl in a prototype solid-state battery and compared to that of the same solid electrolyte derived from classic ball-milling processing.
An ontological model of device function: industrial deployment and lessons learned (2006)

Functionality is one of the key concepts of knowledge about artifacts. Functional knowledge shows a part of designer's intention (so-called design rationale), and thus its sharing among engineers plays a crucial role in team-activities in engineering practice. Aiming at promoting engineering knowledge management, we have developed an ontological modeling framework of functional knowledge, which includes an ontology of device and function and a controlled vocabulary. This framework has been successfully deployed in a manufacturing company in daily engineering activities. In the first part of this paper, we discuss some ontological issues concerning the functionality of artifacts, and redefine the notion of function as a role. In the second part, we discuss some lessons learned in the actual deployment of this framework and two extensions based on such experience. One extension is a lexical layer for functional terms intended to help engineers select appropriate functional concepts and to facilitate the use of domain-specific terms familiar to them. The other extension is the establishment of ontological modeling guidelines, which help engineers commit to the relevant ontologies and describe models compliant with them.
@neuLink: a service-oriented application for biomedical knowledge discovery. (2008)

We introduce the architecture of @neuLink, a service-oriented environment for biomedical knowledge discovery which has been developed in the course of EU Integrated Project @neurIST. The application integrates data from databases with information extracted from unstructured text sources. Moreover, @neuLink supports the analysis of primary biomolecular data associated with individual patients and thus enables the interpretation of molecular data inside a clinical research environment. Based on an assembly of data services, @neuLink interacts with the complex @neurIST grid infrastructure through a dedicated data access and data mediation service. Data types integrated by @neuLink are covering the entire span of biomolecular entities: from gene names in text to entries in EntrezGene; from mentions of drugs to Drugbank, from information on allelic variants in scientific literature to entries in dbSNP. The architecture of @neuLink allows easy integration of other webservice-based applications and thus the spectrum of analysis capabilities of @neuLink can be extended following the requirements of the users of the @neurIST system.
Studies on Digitalis Glycosides. XVIII. Some D Ring Transformations in Digitoxigenin. (1963)

Fissions of 14α, 15α-epoxy ring in a cardenolide with perchloric acid and with hydrogen chloride were found to afford 14β-steroids. With the use of these reactions, some D-ring-transformed compounds of digitoxigenin, e.g. 15α-hydroxydigitoxigenin, and 14-chloro-3β, 15α-dihydroxy- and-3β-hydroxy-14β, 15β-epoxy-cardenolides, were synthesized.
Innovative Nerve Approximator From External Fixator (2011)

The outcome of primary and secondary neurorrhaphy depends on the technical precision followed during the procedure. The aim of the surgery is to establish near-anatomic coaptation and to maintain it without tension at the anastomotic site. A nerve approximator can aid in peripheral neurorrhaphy with optimal tension at the anastomotic site and better maintenance of coaptation of fascicles, but their use is limited because of the high price of the commercially available ones. We describe a simple and inexpensive nerve approximator that can be prepared any time, and according to the need using the universal mini external fixator system. This fixator system is almost always available in an orthopedic and hand operation theater. It is an extremely handy, inexpensive, atraumatic, and user-friendly nerve approximator that can be used clinically to aid and augment the final results of peripheral neurorrhaphy. Its use can also be extrapolated for simulated tendon and nerve repair during microvascular laboratory training.
A bimodal structure of solution‐grown isotactic polypropylene with orthogonally crossed lamellae (1993)

Abstract Isotactic polypropylene (iPP) was crystallized from solution on a uniaxially‐oriented iPP film. Small‐angle x‐ray scattering patterns obtained from the sample showed two perpendicularly crossed lameliae 9.3 nm thick that overgrew flat‐on and edge‐on on the substrate. In the through wide‐angel x‐ray diffraction pattern (taken with incident x‐rays normal to the iPP film surface), strong hkO reflections were arranged in an hkO net pattern indicating that the a‐axis of the monoclinic α unit cell was oriented parallel to the chain direction of the substrate. From this, it was concluded that the flat‐on lamellae grew with the a‐axis parallel to the chain axis of the substrate and with the b ‐axis parallel to its surface. In the edge wide‐angle x‐ray diffraction pattern (X‐rays incident on the edge of the film), arced, strong 110 and 220 reflections from overgrown crystals were observed on the equator of the fiber pattern of the substrate. This indicated that the edge‐on lamellae epitaxially grew with the c‐axis aligned parallel to the chain axis of the substrate. The homoepitaxy explains the correlated growth mode between the orthogonally crossed lamellae: they grew epitaxially, the a‐axis of one lamella coinciding with the c‐axis of the other and the {010} planes in contact. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Negative symptoms: a path analytic approach to a double-blind, placebo- and haloperidol-controlled clinical trial with olanzapine (1997)

These results suggest that the negative symptoms of schizophrenia are directly responsive to treatment. The significantly greater direct and indirect effects of olanzapine than of haloperidol on negative symptoms are likely related to olanzapine's pleotrophic pharmacology, which includes dopaminergic, serotonergic, muscarinic, and adrenergic activities. The results contribute to the hypothesis that negative symptoms may be under the influence of several neurotransmitters within one or more neuroanatomic circuits.
In-Situ Reactive System Stops Lost Circulation and Underground Flow Problems in Several Southern Mexico Wells (2000)

Abstract Over the years, operators have used many different techniques in the attempt to solve lost circulation and underground flow problems. Recently, polymer additives and new sealing methods have been used to combat such problems. However, these additives and techniques require extensive preparation time because they must be incorporated into the mud system. While some of these systems can solve minor problems, most cannot solve severe problems associated with large underground flows, fractures, vugs, or channels in weak formations. A new, reactive, water-based lost-circulation material (LCM) has been successful in treating lost circulation and underground flows. The success of jobs performed with this material depends on the job technique used and the material's reaction with the drilling mud. This LCM is designed to react with water-and oil-based muds as well as environmental muds. It can help stop loss of drilling and completion fluids. Additionally, it can help increase or restore the integrity of weak formations, extend casing-shoe points, and eliminate intermediate casing strings. This LCM reacts with drilling mud to create a barrier at the face of the lost-circulation zone. The LCM develops a moldable consistency within approximately 30 seconds of reacting with the mud and forms a ductile, nonbrittle bridge against the opening of the fluid-loss zone. This bridge can conform to wellbore or near-wellbore fractures as they change shape be-cause it only minimally penetrates the formation matrix or fracture. In laboratory tests, the material penetrated samples less than 164 in. This LCM has been successful in the Rio Nuevo, Sen, Fortuna Nacional, and Luna fields in southern Mexico, preventing the operator from having to plug and abandon the wells. Two case histories are presented in this paper.
Influence of Preservatives, of Heat, and of Irradiation on Mouse Protective Activity and Detoxification of Pertussis Vaccine (1952)

Summary Portions of pertussis vaccines, prepared from cultures of one strain of Haemophilus pertussis grown on Bordet-Gengou medium for 48 hours were treated with 3 preservatives, heat at 34 and 56 C, and ultraviolet irradiation. After treatment all were held at 6 C. During the first year after preparation, frequent protective activity tests were made by the intracerebral method and again at the end of 3 years. Toxicity was determined at intervals, by intradermal reaction in rabbits and by death of or weight loss in mice, until each fraction was relatively atoxic. The best detoxification and stabilization of potency was obtained by heating the vaccine at 56 C for 30 min. or 1 day at 34 C and preserving it with merthiolate. Merthiolate alone had the least effect on both toxicity and potency. Phenol caused the most rapid loss in both properties. Formalin also reduced toxicity, caused some loss in potency and in addition clumping of the bacteria. Heating of the vaccines containing the 3 preservatives at 34 C for longer than 1 day and up to 7 days increased the rate of loss of potency, as the vaccines aged, in direct relation to the time of heat exposure. The amount of irradiation required to destroy toxicity markedly diminished the potency of the vaccine.
Aziridine. XV. Synthesis and reactions of 1,3-diazabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-enes (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAziridine. XV. Synthesis and reactions of 1,3-diazabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-enesHarold W. Heine, Richard H. Weese, Robert A. Cooper, and Anthony J. DurbetakiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1967, 32, 9, 2708–2711Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01284a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01284a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views192Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
QoE-Oriented Rate Adaptation for DASH With Enhanced Deep Q-Learning (2018)

With the popularity of handheld devices, the development of wireless communication technology and the proliferation of multimedia resources, mobile video has become the main business in LTE networks with explosive traffic demands. How to improve the quality of experience (QoE) of mobile video in the dynamic and complex network environment has become a research focus. Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP technology introduces adaptive bitrate (ABR) requests at the client side to improve video QoE and various rate adaptation algorithms are also constantly proposed. In view of the limitations of the existing heuristic or learning-based ABR methods, we propose redirecting enhanced Deep Q-learning toward DASH video QoE (RDQ), a QoE-oriented rate adaptation framework based on enhanced deep Q-learning. First, we establish a chunkwise subjective QoE model and utilize it as the reward function in reinforcement learning so that the strategy can converge toward the direction of maximizing the subjective QoE score. Then, we apply several effective improvements of deep Q-learning to the RDQ agent’s neural network architecture and learning mechanism to achieve faster convergence and higher average reward than other learning-based methods. The proposed RDQ agent has been thoroughly evaluated using trace-based simulation on the real-time LTE network data. For disparate network scenarios and different video contents, the RDQ agent can outperform the existing methods in terms of the QoE score. The breakdown analysis shows that RDQ can suppress the number and the duration of the stalling events to the minimum while maintaining high video bitrate, thus achieving better QoE performance than other methods.
MRI features in differentiation borderline from benign mucinous ovarian cystadenoma (2012)

Objective To investigate MRI features for differentiating borderline from benign mucinous cystadenoma ( MC ) of the ovary.Methods Twenty three patients with 23 benign MCs and 19 patients with 20 borderline mucinous cystadenomas (BMC)proven by surgery and pathology underwent MRI,with 23 benign MCs and 20 BMC. MRI features of tumor were evaluated and compared between two groups including location,shape,size,loculation,signal intensity of the fluid,thickness of septa and wall,and vegetations.The findings were correlated with those of pathology.The loculation,the signal intensity of the intracystic content,the thickness of the septation and the wall,and the vegetations between the benign MCs and the BMCs were compared using the Chi-square test.Results Homogenous low signal on T1WI and homogenous high signal on T2WI were the main signal patterns of benign MC seen more commonly in benign MC (18/23 and 17/23,respectively) than in BMC (5/20 and 8/20,respectively) (x2 =12.1979,5.0553 ;P ＜0.05).The honeycomb loculi,high signal on T1 WI,low signal on T2WI,thickened septa or wall ( ≥5 mm),and vegetations ( ≥5 mm) were significantly more common in BMC( 10/20,9/20,8/20,10/20 and 14/20,respectively)than in benign MC(4/23,3/23,1/23,1/23 and 1/23,respectively) (x2 =5.1804,5.4300,8.2163,11.7113 and 20.2990,P ＜ 0.05 ),with the sensitivity and specificity for characterizing BMC of 50.0％ and 82.6％,45.0％ and 87.0％,40.0％ and 95.7％,50.0％ and 95.7％,and 70.0％ and 95.7％,respectively.When one of honeycomb loculi with low signal on T2WI,thickened septa or wall ( ≥5 mm),and vegetations ( ≥5 mm) were found,the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy for characterizing BMC were 90.0％,91.3％ and 90.7％ respectively. Conclusion MRI is accurate for demonstrating morphological features of ovarian MC which well correlated to pathological characteristics,and for differentiating BMC from benign MC,thus helpful for making surgery strategy.

Key words: 
Ovarian neoplasms;  Magnetic resonance imaging;  Comparative study
The evaluation of relationship between intracellular free calcium，cell membrane adenosinetriphosphatase activity and red cell deformability in patients with essential hypertension (2005)

20 healthy individuals and 30 essential hypertensive patients were selected as subjects. The erythrocyte deformability indexes (DI), intracellular free calcium, Na~(+)-K~(+)-ATPase and Ca~(2+)-ATPase activities were examined. Essential hypertensive patients had significantly higher DI and intracellular free calcium, lower ATPase activity as compared to healthy individuals. There were significantly negative correlations between DI and ATPase activity, and a significant positive correllation between DI and intracellular free calcium, diastolic blood pressure in essential hypertensive patients. RCD is decreased in essential hypertensive patients, and RCD is correlated to the decreased cell membrane ATPase activity, elevated intracellular free calcium and elevated blood pressure.
Ectopic Cartilage Formation Induced by Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Porous Gelatin-Chondroitin-Hyaluronate Scaffold Containing Microspheres Loaded with TGF-β1 (2006)

The study aimed to produce a novel porous gelatin-chondroitin-hyaluronate scaffold in combination with a controlled release of TGF- beta1 and to evaluate its potentials in ectopic cartilage formation. The gelatin-chondroitin-hyaluronate scaffold was developed to mimic the natural extra cellular matrix of cartilage. Gelatin microspheres loaded with TGF- beta1 (MS-TGF beta1) showed a fast cytokine release at initial phase (37.4%) and the ultimate accumulated release was 83.1% by day 18. Then MS-TGF beta1 were incorporated into scaffold. The MSCs seeded on scaffold with or without MS-TGF beta1 were incubated in vitro or implanted subcutaneously in nude mice. In vitro study showed that, compared to the scaffold, the scaffold/MS-TGF beta1 significantly augmented the proliferation of MSCs and GAG synthesis. Three weeks postoperatively histology observation showed that in MSCs/scaffold/MS-TGF beta1 implantation group, cells of newly formed ectopic cartilage were located within typical lacunae and demonstrated morphological characteristics of chondrocytes. Six weeks later the ectopic cartilage grew more and islands of cartilage were observed. The matrix was extensively metachromatic by safranin-O/Fast green staining. Immunohistochemical staining also indicated ectopic cartilage was intensely stained for type II collagen. Instead, in the MSCs/scaffold implantation group, no cartilage-like tissue formed and matrix showed negative or weak positive staining. The percentage of positive staining area was significantly larger in MSCs/scaffold/MS-TGF beta1 group (p<0.05) at each time point. The results indicated that the novel gelatin-chondroitin-hyaluronate scaffold with MS-TGF beta1 could induce the chondral differentiation of MSCs to form cartilage and might serve as a new way to repair cartilage defects.