gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variation in <i>GABRA2</i> Predicts Drinking Behavior in Project MATCH Subjects (2007)

The assessment of genetic vulnerability may be relevant to studies of the efficacy of psychosocial treatment: GABRA2 genotype modifies the variance in drinking and can therefore moderate power for resolving differences between treatments.
Excess Indium and Substrate Effects on the Growth of InAs Nanowires (2007)

With or without? The nucleation and growth of InAs nanowires (NWs) from In droplets on an InAs(111)B substrate with (see image, above) and without (below) Au nanoparticles is investigated. Au nanoparticles were found to facilitate the decomposition of the InAs (111)B substrate. This catalytic effect is further confirmed by NW growth in a closed chemical vapor deposition tube mediated by Au nanoparticles without the use of external sources other than the growth substrate itself.
Modern modified ‘ultra’ Goeckerman therapy: A PASI assessment of a very effective therapy for psoriasis resistant to both prebiologic and biologic therapies (2005)

The onset of treatment effect was rapid. Goeckerman therapy is still a valuable and important part of the psoriatic armamentarium.
Smoking and oral health in dentate adults aged 18-64. (2012)

This report shows that among dentate adults aged 18–64 there are differences in oral health status and oral health care utilization among current smokers, former smokers, and never smokers. Overall, current smokers had a poorer oral health status and more oral health problems than either former smokers or never smokers. Current smokers were also more likely to delay routine dental visits. When current smokers experienced a mouth or tooth problem, they were less likely to visit a dental health professional because they were unable to afford dental care than former smokers or never smokers. However, current smokers were more likely to think that their oral health problem was important. The evidence for an association between tobacco use and oral diseases has been clearly shown in every Surgeon General’s report on tobacco since 1964 (6). Tobacco use is a risk factor for oral cancers, periodontal diseases, and dental caries, among other diseases. Oral health problems may be early warning signs of other medical problems such as diabetes, HIV, heart disease, or stroke (6). Good oral health is integral to good general health.
A comparison of sustained-release terbutaline and ordinary terbutaline in bronchial asthma. (1982)

The effects and side effects in steady state of a sustained-release preparation of terbutaline 7.5 mg twice daily were compared with ordinary tablets 5 mg three times daily. The study performed for two weeks was double-blind, double-dummy, cross-over with randomized allocation of the drugs. 20 patients completed the trial and the results show higher mean morning PEFR values and a tendency to milder side effects with depot tablets.
A Stereoselective Synthesis of (−)-Tetrodotoxin (2003)

An asymmetric synthesis of the fugu fish poison, (-)-tetrodotoxin, is described. The route to this extraordinary target employs a number of unique transformations, foremost of which are two stereospecific C-H bond functionalization reactions. Accordingly, Rh-catalyzed carbene and nitrene C-H insertions facilitate rapid entry to the cyclohexane core of the natural product and make possible the late-stage installation of the tetrasubstituted carbinolamine center.
Design and analysis of a novel planar robotic leg for high-speed locomotion (2017)

This paper presents the mechanical design and analysis of a novel leg mechanism that has only one active degree of freedom (DOF). The proposed mechanism is intended towards simplifying the mechanical and control complexity identified with the robotic legs implemented on quadrupedal platforms capable of dynamic locomotion. First, a survey of high-speed and reduced DOF legged robotic systems is presented to elucidate the design challenges and determine system requirements. Drawing from these requirements, a novel design of a six-bar leg mechanism with a single DOF is proposed. The novelty of the mechanism lies in its ability to trace a path that accommodates the execution of trot-gait by the quadrupedal platform realized by integrating the proposed leg. The kinematics of the mechanism is formulated and a multi-body model is used to perform a series of case studies on the sensitivity of the foot trajectory to the leg's dimensional parameters. Preliminary work on optimization of the foot trajectory is then performed. This research will ultimately assist the future design of quadrupedal robots to test the ability of spatial robotic tails in stabilizing and maneuvering the platform.
New hardware scheme supportingprecise exception handling for out-of-order execution (1994)

A new hardware scheme is proposed to resolve data and control hazards and assure precise exception on out-of-order execution in a microarchitecture with multiple pipelined functional units. The core of the proposed hardware is a register file called CARF, which is made of CAM (content-addressable memory), with an efficient state-transition mechanism for precise exception handling and prompt branch misprediction recovery.
Development of a new test for mechanical irritation:behind the knee as a test site (2001)

The results of these studies indicated that a protocol using the back of the knee as a test site with an exposure regimen of 6-h daily for 4 days, best met the success criteria for an effective test system for evaluating mechanical irritation.
Systems Biology Approaches and Tools for Analysis of Interactomes and Multi-target Drugs (2010)

Systems biology is essentially a proteomic and epigenetic exercise because the relatively condensed information of genomes unfolds on the level of proteins. The flexibility of cellular architectures is not only mediated by a dazzling number of proteinaceous species but moreover by the kinetics of their molecular changes: The time scales of posttranslational modifications range from milliseconds to years. The genetic framework of an organism only provides the blue print of protein embodiments which are constantly shaped by external input. Indeed, posttranslational modifications of proteins represent the scope and velocity of these inputs and fulfil the requirements of integration of external spatiotemporal signal transduction inside an organism. The optimization of biochemical networks for this type of information processing and storage results in chemically extremely fine tuned molecular entities. The huge dynamic range of concentrations, the chemical diversity and the necessity of synchronisation of complex protein expression patterns pose the major challenge of systemic analysis of biological models. One further message is that many of the key reactions in living systems are essentially based on interactions of moderate affinities and moderate selectivities. This principle is responsible for the enormous flexibility and redundancy of cellular circuitries. In complex disorders such as cancer or neurodegenerative diseases, which initially appear to be rooted in relatively subtle dysfunctions of multimodal physiologic pathways, drug discovery programs based on the concept of high affinity/high specificity compounds ("one-target, one-disease"), which has been dominating the pharmaceutical industry for a long time, increasingly turn out to be unsuccessful. Despite improvements in rational drug design and high throughput screening methods, the number of novel, single-target drugs fell much behind expectations during the past decade, and the treatment of "complex diseases" remains a most pressing medical need. Currently, a change of paradigm can be observed with regard to a new interest in agents that modulate multiple targets simultaneously, essentially "dirty drugs." Targeting cellular function as a system rather than on the level of the single target, significantly increases the size of the drugable proteome and is expected to introduce novel classes of multi-target drugs with fewer adverse effects and toxicity. Multiple target approaches have recently been used to design medications against atherosclerosis, cancer, depression, psychosis and neurodegenerative diseases. A focussed approach towards "systemic" drugs will certainly require the development of novel computational and mathematical concepts for appropriate modelling of complex data. But the key is the extraction of relevant molecular information from biological systems by implementing rigid statistical procedures to differential proteomic analytics.
Analysis of Mechanical and Electrical Damages in Piezoelectric Ceramics (2010)

For recent decades, due to the intrinsic electromechanical coupling, piezoelectric ceramics have been used widely in the modern aeronautical and astronautic engineering, the medical apparatus and the instruments, etc. However, their brittleness might result in damage and failure. Therefore, it is very important theoretically and practically for fracture analysis, reliability design and lifetime prediction of piezoelectric ceramics to investigate the fracture mechanism. On the basis of linear piezoelectric fracture mechanics, some solutions were obtained by Pak (1990, 1992), Sosa and Pak (1990), Sosa (1991, 1992), Suo et al (1992), Suo (1993) and others, but they contradict the piezoelectric fracture experiments (Park and Sun, 1995; Heyer et al, 1998). The linear piezoelectric fracture mechanics predicted that the stress intensity factors were independent of the applied electric field, but the experimental results (Park and Sun, 1995; Heyer et al, 1998) showed that an existing electric field might impede or accelerate crack propagation, which was related to the applied electric field direction. Regarding piezoelectric ceramics as a class of mechanically brittle and electrically ductile solids, Gao et al (1997) put forward a strip saturation model analogous with the classical Dugdale model for plastic yielding, in which electrical displacement is assumed to yield when electric field is up to its linear limit. Yang and Zhu (1998) thought that piezoelectric nonlinearity comes from domain switching, so they proposed a small-scale domain-switching model to explain the toughening mechanism. Fulton and Gao (2001) proposed an electrical nonlinearity model based on piezoelectric microstructure. They simulated polarization switching and saturation in ferroelectrics by using a collection of discrete electric dipoles superimposed on a medium satisfying the linear piezoelectric constitutive law, and then derived a local crack driving force which generates a qualitative match to experimental observations. Based on the field limiting space charge model, Zhang et al (2003) proposed a charge-free zone model, and estimated the electric field at the tip of an electrically conductive crack according to the electric field intensity factor. Assuming that the electric field in a strip ahead of the crack tip is equal to the dielectric breakdown strength, Zhang et al (2005) developed a strip dielectric breakdown model similar to the strip saturation model. 5
Pump-in/Shutdown Tests Key to Finding Near-WelIbore Restrictions (1996)

Abstract Hydraulic fracturing treatments are often significantly impacted by near-wellbore flow regimes that are not anticipated and usually unaccounted for. Identifying the existence of these unusual flow restrictions and quantifying their magnitude has been described in previous work done by Cleary et al.' This paper presents case histories showing the value of simple pump-in/shutdown tests before large-scale hydraulic fracture treat-ments to evaluate such near-wellbore formation restrictions as tortuosity, existence of multiple fractures, and perforation fric-tion, based on the previous work of Cleary et al. These case history evaluations have led to more predictable job outcomes. Testing includes step-down rate tests, water-hammer effects, and fluid efficiency test analysis. These tests are all conducted and analyzed before the treatment, on the day of the treatment.
Analysis of Polybutadienes and Butadiene-Styrene Copolymers by Infrared Spectroscopy (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalysis of Polybutadienes and Butadiene-Styrene Copolymers by Infrared SpectroscopyJ. L. BinderCite this: Anal. Chem. 1954, 26, 12, 1877–1882Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60096a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60096a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views392Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Generating Free Charges by Carrier Multiplication in Quantum Dots for Highly Efficient Photovoltaics (2015)

CONSPECTUS: In a conventional photovoltaic device (solar cell or photodiode) photons are absorbed in a bulk semiconductor layer, leading to excitation of an electron from a valence band to a conduction band. Directly after photoexcitation, the hole in the valence band and the electron in the conduction band have excess energy given by the difference between the photon energy and the semiconductor band gap. In a bulk semiconductor, the initially hot charges rapidly lose their excess energy as heat. This heat loss is the main reason that the theoretical efficiency of a conventional solar cell is limited to the Shockley-Queisser limit of ∼33%. The efficiency of a photovoltaic device can be increased if the excess energy is utilized to excite additional electrons across the band gap. A sufficiently hot charge can produce an electron-hole pair by Coulomb scattering on a valence electron. This process of carrier multiplication (CM) leads to formation of two or more electron-hole pairs for the absorption of one photon. In bulk semiconductors such as silicon, the energetic threshold for CM is too high to be of practical use. However, CM in nanometer sized semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) offers prospects for exploitation in photovoltaics. CM leads to formation of two or more electron-hole pairs that are initially in close proximity. For photovoltaic applications, these charges must escape from recombination. This Account outlines our recent progress in the generation of free mobile charges that result from CM in QDs. Studies of charge carrier photogeneration and mobility were carried out using (ultrafast) time-resolved laser techniques with optical or ac conductivity detection. We found that charges can be extracted from photoexcited PbS QDs by bringing them into contact with organic electron and hole accepting materials. However, charge localization on the QD produces a strong Coulomb attraction to its counter charge in the organic material. This limits the production of free charges that can contribute to the photocurrent in a device. We show that free mobile charges can be efficiently produced via CM in solids of strongly coupled PbSe QDs. Strong electronic coupling between the QDs resulted in a charge carrier mobility of the order of 1 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1). This mobility is sufficiently high so that virtually all electron-hole pairs escape from recombination. The impact of temperature on the CM efficiency in PbSe QD solids was also studied. We inferred that temperature has no observable effect on the rate of cooling of hot charges nor on the CM rate. We conclude that exploitation of CM requires that charges have sufficiently high mobility to escape from recombination. The contribution of CM to the efficiency of photovoltaic devices can be further enhanced by an increase of the CM efficiency above the energetic threshold of twice the band gap. For large-scale applications in photovoltaic devices, it is important to develop abundant and nontoxic materials that exhibit efficient CM.
Comparison of Five Glucose Meters for Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose by Diabetic Patients (1986)

This study collected data regarding the accuracy of five currently marketed meters for home use of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). Data regarding ease of operation of each glucose meter as well as cost and availability of meters and necessary materials were compiled. Fasting blood glucose (BG) samples were drawn from patients in the adult and pediatric diabetes clinics at the University of Kansas College of Health Sciences and Hospital. Specimens were tested by a clinical laboratory as well as by each meter. Unadjusted meter readings of whole BG were plotted against laboratory readings of serum glucose and displayed in scattergrams. Scattergrams showed decreased machine accuracy in upper and lower BG ranges. Whole BG values (meter readings) were adjusted to serum glucose levels by multiplication by 1.12. Adjusted values were compared with laboratory serum values using ANOVA for repeated measures and Dunnett's Multiple Comparisons Test: ANOVA and Dunnett's Multiple Comparisons Test showed only Glucochek II (Medistron, Ltd., West Sussex, England; distributed in U.S. by Larken Industries, Lenexa, Indiana) using Dextrostix reagent strips (Ames Division, Miles Laboratories, Elkhart, Indiana) having a statistically significant difference from laboratory values (P less than 0.01). This meter was recently revised and may show changed accuracy readings. Each meter exhibited inherent advantages and disadvantages regarding price, calibration, strip utilization, and ease of operation, which must be considered before recommendation by the health care provider.
Force analysis and hybrid control scheme for multiple robot manipulators (2002)

Coordination control for multiple robot manipulators is investigated. The controlled variables, i.e., the external and internal arm forces, are first defined, based on the decomposition of the robot arm force, and then a hybrid control scheme at the robot end-effector level is proposed. The control scheme consists of three loops: (i) an external force loop, which enables the robot manipulators to induce the desired object dynamics and contact force between the object and the environment, (ii) an internal force loop, which makes the manipulators impose the desired internal force on the object, and (iii) a robot motion loop which controls the robot arms to track the desired trajectories. A criterion related to the load capability of the robot arm is presented for distributing a load among the manipulators. An integrated control system for two industrial robots is developed.
Toward a Framework for Interactive Systems to Conduct Digital Audio and Video Streams (2006)

March 01 2006 Toward a Framework for Interactive Systems to Conduct Digital Audio and Video Streams Eric Lee, Eric Lee Media Computing Group RWTH Aachen University 52056 Aachen, Germany eric@cs.rwth-aachen.de Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Thorsten Karrer, Thorsten Karrer Media Computing Group RWTH Aachen University 52056 Aachen, Germany karrer@cs.rwth-aachen.de Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Jan Borchers Jan Borchers Media Computing Group RWTH Aachen University 52056 Aachen, Germany borchers@cs.rwth-aachen.de Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information Eric Lee Media Computing Group RWTH Aachen University 52056 Aachen, Germany eric@cs.rwth-aachen.de Thorsten Karrer Media Computing Group RWTH Aachen University 52056 Aachen, Germany karrer@cs.rwth-aachen.de Jan Borchers Media Computing Group RWTH Aachen University 52056 Aachen, Germany borchers@cs.rwth-aachen.de Online Issn: 1531-5169 Print Issn: 0148-9267 © 2006 Massachusetts Institute of Technology2006 Computer Music Journal (2006) 30 (1): 21–36. https://doi.org/10.1162/comj.2006.30.1.21 Cite Icon Cite Permissions Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Search Site Citation Eric Lee, Thorsten Karrer, Jan Borchers; Toward a Framework for Interactive Systems to Conduct Digital Audio and Video Streams. Computer Music Journal 2006; 30 (1): 21–36. doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/comj.2006.30.1.21 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsComputer Music Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2006 Massachusetts Institute of Technology2006 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Lipid lowering and plaque regression. New insights into prevention of plaque disruption and clinical events in coronary disease. (1993)

The consensus of evidence from angiographic trials demonstrates both coronary artery and clinical benefits from lowering of lipids by a variety of regimens. The findings of reduced arterial disease progression and increased regression have been convincing but, at best, modest in their magnitude. For example, among those treated intensively in FATS, the mean improvement in proximal stenosis severity per patient was < 1% stenosis, and only 12% of all lesions showed convincing regression. In view of these modest arterial benefits, the associated reductions in cardiovascular events have been surprisingly great. For example, coronary events were reduced 75% in FATS; this was entirely a result of a 93% reduction in the likelihood that a mildly or moderately diseased arterial segment would experience substantial progression to a severe lesion at the time of a clinical event. We believe that the magnitude of the clinical benefit is best explained in terms of this observation, according to the following lines of reasoning. Clinical events most commonly spring from lesions that are initially of mild or moderate severity and then abruptly undergo a disruptive transformation to a severe culprit lesion. The process of plaque fissuring, leading to plaque disruption and thrombosis, triggers most clinical coronary events. Fissuring is predicted by a large accumulation of core lipid in the plaque and by a high density of lipid-laden macrophages in its thinned fibrous cap. Lesions with these characteristics constitute only 10-20% of the overall lesion population but account for 80-90% of the acute clinical events. In the experimental setting, normalization of an atherogenic lipid profile substantially decreases the number of lipid-laden intimal macrophages (foam cells) and depletes cholesterol from the core lipid pool. In the clinical setting, intensive lipid lowering virtually halts the progression of mild and moderate lesions to clinical events. Thus, the reduction in clinical events observed in these trials appears to be best explained by the relation of the lipid and foam cell content of the plaque to its likelihood of fissuring and by the effects of lipid-lowering therapy on these "high-risk" features of plaque morphology. The composite of data presented here supports the hypothesis that lipid-lowering therapy selectively depletes (regresses) that relatively small but dangerous subgroup of fatty lesions containing a large lipid core and dense clusters of intimal macrophages. By doing so, these lesions are effectively stabilized and clinical event rate is accordingly decreased.