gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multicolor Tuning in Room‐Temperature Self‐Activated Ca<sub>2</sub>Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> Submicroplates by Lanthanide Doping (2016)

Self-activated phosphors are capable of generating optical emissions from the internal ion groups of host lattice before externally introducing luminescent ions. However, numerous self-activated phosphors only show luminescence at low temperature due to the thermally activated energy migration among ion groups at room temperature, severely confining their application conditions. In this letter, we propose a strategy to converting the low-temperature luminescence to a room-temperature one through changing the synthesis conditions to induce structural distortions and thus to limit energy migration. Room-temperature self-activated luminescence of Ca<sub>2</sub> Nb<sub>2</sub> O<sub>7</sub> was accordingly achieved in submicroplates synthesized using the sol-gel method. By further coupling the blue broadband emission from Ca<sub>2</sub> Nb<sub>2</sub> O<sub>7</sub> submicroplates with the characteristic luminescence of Ln<sup>3+</sup> (Pr<sup>3+</sup> , Sm<sup>3+</sup> , and Dy<sup>3+</sup> ) dopants, multicolor emissions were successively tuned through adjusting the concentration of Ln<sup>3+</sup> . Our results are expected to expand the scope of designing room-temperature self-activated phosphors and tuning multicolor emission.
A Novel UAV-Aided Network Architecture Using Wi-Fi Direct (2019)

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in future wireless networks is gaining attention due to their quick deployment without requiring the existing infrastructure. Earlier studies on UAV-aided communication consider generic scenarios, and very few studies exist on the evaluation of UAV-aided communication in practical networks. The existing studies also have several limitations, and hence, an extensive evaluation of the benefits of UAV communication in practical networks is needed. In this paper, we proposed a UAV-aided Wi-Fi Direct network architecture. In the proposed architecture, a UAV equipped with a Wi-Fi Direct group owner (GO) device, the so-called Soft-AP, is deployed in the network to serve a set of Wi-Fi stations. We propose to use a simpler yet efficient algorithm for the optimal placement of the UAV. The proposed algorithm dynamically places the UAV in the network to reduce the distance between the GO and client devices. The expected benefits of the proposed scheme are to maintain the connectivity of client devices to increase the overall network throughput and to improve energy efficiency. As a proof of concept, realistic simulations are performed in the NS-3 network simulator to validate the claimed benefits of the proposed scheme. The simulation results report major improvements of 23% in client association, 54% in network throughput, and 33% in energy consumption using single UAV relative to the case of stationary or randomly moving GO. Further improvements are achieved by increasing the number of UAVs in the network. To the best of our knowledge, no prior work exists on the evaluation of the UAV-aided Wi-Fi Direct networks.
High-resolution headlamp (2016)

Abstract The following article shall describe how human vision by night can be influenced. At first, front lighting systems that are already available on the market will be described, followed by their analysis with respect to the positive effects on traffic safety. Furthermore, how traffic safety by night can be increased since the introduction of high resolution headlamps shall be discussed.
Friction and wear of particulate and ME magnetic tapes sliding against a Mn-Zn ferrite head in a linear mode (1994)

The objective of this study is to identify differences in the friction and wear characteristics of various particulate and metal evaporated (ME) magnetic tapes. Co-/spl gamma/Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/, CrO/sub 2/, metal particle (MP), barium ferrite (BaFe) and ME tapes were run against Mn-Zn ferrite head samples in a linear mode under accelerated conditions. Coefficient of friction was recorded and depth of wear on the contact surface of the ferrite samples was measured by an atomic force microscope using a newly developed "nano-scratch" technique. The Co-/spl gamma/Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/, MP and BaFe tapes resulted in a much lower wear rate of the mating ferrite sample than the CrO/sub 2/ tape. MP and BaFe tapes resulted in a finely polished ferrite surface with original roughness eventually worn smooth. Some scratches were produced with all particulate tapes with heavier scratches in contact with Co/spl gamma/Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and CrO/sub 2/ tapes. ME tape caused very little wear on ferrite with some mild abrasive action due to wear debris. Transfer of topical lubricant caused some agglomeration of this debris. ME tape showed a lower coefficient of friction against ferrite than the particulate tapes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of Substituents on the Complexation of Aromatic and Quinoid Substrates with Molecular Tweezers and Clips (2004)

Abstract Molecular tweezers and clips of type 1 − 3 substituted with OAc, OH, OCONHPh, OMe, OCH 2 COOR and OCH 2 CONHR groups in the central spacer units have been synthesized by modification, by standard methods, either of the known diacetoxy‐substituted derivatives 1b , 2b and 3b , or of the correspondingly substituted bis‐dienophiles 4b and 5b . The synthesis of the dimethoxy‐diacetoxy‐substituted tweezer 1d could be accomplished through pressure‐induced repetitive Diels−Alder reactions between the bis‐dienophile 4b and the newly prepared diene 6b and subsequent DDQ oxidation. The thermodynamic parameters ( K a and Δ G ) of complex formation between the new receptors and aromatic substrates such as DCNB 21 , TCNB 22 , TCNQ 24 and Kosower salt 25 and the maximum complexation‐induced 1 H NMR shifts (Δδ max. ) were determined by 1 H NMR titration experiments. It was found that the presence of substituents OH, OAc and OCONHPh in the central spacer units of the tweezers and clips 1 − 3 favours complex formation, whereas that of the substituents OMe, OCH 2 COOR and OCH 2 CONHR disfavours it. This finding can be explained in terms of the size and different conformations of these groups in the tweezer and clip molecules as calculated by force‐field (MMFF) techniques rather than of their influence on the electrostatic potential surfaces (EPSs) of the adjacent aromatic rings as calculated by quantum mechanical methods. The complementary natures of the negative EPSs inside the tweezer and clip cavities and the positive EPSs of the substrates forming complexes explained the high selectivity of these receptors toward electron‐deficient substrates. The finding that the self‐assembly of the OCH 2 COOCH 2 CH 3 side chain is only observed for the benzene‐spaced tweezers 1i and 1o confirms earlier results obtained for the intermolecular complexation of these receptors. Accordingly, the benzene‐spaced tweezers of type 1 selectively bind aliphatic substrates, whereas the naphthalene‐spaced tweezers of type 2 and clips of type 3 preferentially complex aromatic substrates. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Learning a Unified Classifier Incrementally via Rebalancing (2019)

Conventionally, deep neural networks are trained offline, relying on a large dataset prepared in advance. This paradigm is often challenged in real-world applications, e.g. online services that involve continuous streams of incoming data. Recently, incremental learning receives increasing attention, and is considered as a promising solution to the practical challenges mentioned above. However, it has been observed that incremental learning is subject to a fundamental difficulty -- catastrophic forgetting, namely adapting a model to new data often results in severe performance degradation on previous tasks or classes. Our study reveals that the imbalance between previous and new data is a crucial cause to this problem. In this work, we develop a new framework for incrementally learning a unified classifier, e.g. a classifier that treats both old and new classes uniformly. Specifically, we incorporate three components, cosine normalization, less-forget constraint, and inter-class separation, to mitigate the adverse effects of the imbalance. Experiments show that the proposed method can effectively rebalance the training process, thus obtaining superior performance compared to the existing methods. On CIFAR-100 and ImageNet, our method can reduce the classification errors by more than 6% and 13% respectively, under the incremental setting of 10 phases.
Transient MR elastography (t‐MRE) using ultrasound radiation force: Theory, safety, and initial experiments in vitro (2008)

The purpose of our study was to assess the feasibility of using ultrasound radiation force as a safe vibration source for transient MR elastography (t-MRE). We present a theoretical framework to predict the phase shift of the complex MRE signal, the temperature elevation due to ultrasound, and safety indicators (I(SPPA), I(SPTA), MI). Next, we report wave images acquired in porcine liver samples in vitro. MR thermometry was used to estimate the temperature elevation induced by ultrasound. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results with regard to the feasibility of using radiation force for t-MRE in a clinical setting, and a specific echo-planar imaging (EPI) MRE sequence is proposed.
Breakthroughs in Improving Crystal Quality of GaN and Invention of the p–n Junction Blue-Light-Emitting Diode (2006)

Marked improvements in the crystalline quality of GaN enabled the production of GaN-based p–n junction blue-light-emitting and violet-laser diodes. These robust, energetically efficient devices have opened up a new frontier in optoelectronics. A new arena of wide-bandgap semiconductors has been developed due to marked improvements in the crystalline quality of nitrides. In this article, we review breakthroughs in the crystal growth and conductivity control of nitride semiconductors during the development of p–n junction blue-light-emitting devices. Recent progress mainly based on the present authors' work and future prospects of nitride semiconductors are also discussed.
Noisy vestibular stimulation improves autonomic and motor responsiveness in central neurodegenerative disorders (2005)

The vestibular nerves are known to influence neuronal circuits in the medullary cardiovascular areas and, through the cerebellar vermis, the basal ganglia and the limbic system. By means of noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS), it might be possible to ameliorate blunted responsiveness of degenerated neuronal circuits of patients with multi system atrophy or Parkinson's disease, or both. We evaluated the effect of 24-hour noisy GVS on long-term heart rate dynamics in 7 patients with multi system atrophy and on daytime trunk activity dynamics in 12 patients with either levodopa-responsive Parkinson's disease or levodopa-unresponsive parkinsonism. Six of the latter patients were also examined for cognitive performance by means of a continuous performance test. Short-range or high-frequency fluctuations of heart rate were significantly increased by the noisy GVS compared with sham stimulation, suggestive of improved autonomic, especially parasympathetic, responsiveness. Long-range antipersistency of trunk activity patterns probed by an autocorrelation measure was significantly increased by the noisy GVS, suggestive of quickening of bradykinesic rest-to-active transitions. The mean reaction time of the continuous performance test was also significantly decreased by the noisy GVS, without significant changes in either the omission or commission error ratios, which is suggestive of improved motor execution during the cognitive task. In conclusion, the noisy GVS is effective in boosting the neurodegenerative brains of patients with multi system atrophy or Parkinson's disease, or both, including those unresponsive to standard levodopa therapy; it is also effective in improving these patients' autonomic and motor responsiveness.
Precise micromaterial processing by excimer laser ablation [3211-06] (1997)

An ablation wave from materials based on laser supported detonation and laser supported combustion has been created by exposing them with laser. The purpose of this study is to analyse the mechanism of the ablation wave using a high speed streaked camera and to realize more precise microprocessing by controlling the wave. The laser used in this experiment was an ultraviolet XeCl excimer laser of high photon energy with a wavelength of 308nm, a maximum pulse energy of 500mJ, a pulse width of 30ns and a maximum frequency of 50Hz. The high speed streaked camera had a resolving power of 100 ps. Metal-ceramics functionally graded materials (FGMs) were selected as sample materials. An experimental system of laser microprocessing was constructed and the behavior of the ablation wave from FGMs were observed. The experimental results showed that the mechanism of the ablation wave from FGMs was a photochemical reaction with thermal interaction.
New class of zero-forcing cost functions in blind equalization (1998)

The use of gradient descent recursive algorithms in blind adaptive equalization requires a cost function with a unique minimum such that the FIR equalizer setup removes sufficient intersymbol interference (ISI). A class of such cost functions is proposed. The newly proposed class is based on minimizing the difference between any two norms of the joint channel-equalizer impulse response, each raised to the same power, i.e., /spl par//spl middot//spl par//sub p//sup /spl zeta//-/spl par//spl middot//spl par//sup /spl zeta///sub q/, where p<q. A set of implementable recursive online algorithms using the above cost functions is also derived for QAM inputs. Some examples show that the above class could be unimodal in equalizer weights. In addition, results of analysis of the effects of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) on the ISI for the /spl par//spl middot//spl par//sup 4//sub 2/-/spl par//spl middot//spl par//sub 4//sup 4/ cost functions' algorithm as well as the well-known CMA algorithm are presented. It is shown that for both of the above algorithms, the AWGN affects the residual ISI only in O(1/SNR/sup 2/) under a high SNR assumption. Extensive simulations show that the performance of the newly proposed algorithms is comparable with the CMA algorithms' performance without the misconvergence.
A method to extract gate-bias-dependent MOSFET's effective channel width (1991)

A modification to the conventional channel conductance method is introduced to extract the MOSFET's effective channel width W/sub eff/. The gate-bias-dependent effective channel width can be readily delineated with this extraction method. The physical meaning of this gate-bias dependence is further discussed, and structures with different isolation configurations are studied. W/sub eff/ is influenced by the local oxide thickness, surface doping concentration, and gate voltage. Unless the transition between the channel active area and field isolation area is so abrupt that changes of both oxide thickness and doping concentration are like step functions, gate-bias dependence of W/sub eff/ will be inevitable. As gate bias increases in the strong inversion region larger gate bias will gradually turn on the transition region. This in turn increases the W/sub eff/. A strong or weak gate-voltage dependence of W/sub eff/ is indicative to a gradual or fast transition in doping concentration and oxide thickness from channel to the field regions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Continuous Purification of Colloidal Quantum Dots in Large-Scale Using Porous Electrodes in Flow Channel (2017)

Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) afford huge potential in numerous applications owing to their excellent optical and electronic properties. After the synthesis of QDs, separating QDs from unreacted impurities in large scale is one of the biggest issues to achieve scalable and high performance optoelectronic applications. Thus far, however, continuous purification method, which is essential for mass production, has rarely been reported. In this study, we developed a new continuous purification process that is suitable to the mass production of high-quality QDs. As-synthesized QDs are driven by electrophoresis in a flow channel and captured by porous electrodes and finally separated from the unreacted impurities. Nuclear magnetic resonance and ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared absorption spectroscopic data clearly showed that the impurities were efficiently removed from QDs with the purification yield, defined as the ratio of the mass of purified QDs to that of QDs in the crude solution, up to 87%. Also, we could successfully predict the purification yield depending on purification conditions with a simple theoretical model. The proposed large-scale purification process could be an important cornerstone for the mass production and industrial use of high-quality QDs.
All‐in‐One Target‐Cell‐Specific Magnetic Nanoparticles for Simultaneous Molecular Imaging and siRNA Delivery (2009)

Abstract Eine gezielte Genstummschaltung in Krebszellen gelang mit magnetischen Eisenoxid‐Nanopartikeln (MEIO), an denen ein Fluoreszenzfarbstoff, siRNA sowie ein RGD‐Peptid zur Erkennung von Krebszellen angebracht waren (siehe Bild). Die verschiedenen funktionellen Einheiten ermöglichen eine kombinierte makroskopische (Kernspin‐) und mikroskopische (Fluoreszenz‐)Tomographie der Zielzellen. Dieses System könnte sich für die parallele diagnostische und therapeutische Anwendung eignen. magnified image
Novel Architecture of Plasmon Excitation Based on Self-Assembled Nanoparticle Arrays for Photovoltaics (2013)

An efficient approach to producing hexagonally self-assembled and well-dispersed gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) in the pores of porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) is reported. This approach is particularly useful for tuning the surface plasmon resonance frequency of Au NPs by varying the effective dielectric constant of AAO. A strongly enhanced Raman spectrum of dye molecule rhodamine 6G using these well-dispersed Au NPs revealed that such a self-assembled Au NP array can induce a strong plasmonic field. Furthermore, we demonstrated a new architecture of plasmon excitation in a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) inverted organic solar cell (IOSC) using the Au NP array with AAO. The optical response of an active layer poly(3-hexylthiophene):(6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester was enhanced by this strong plasmonic field associated a well-dispersed Au NP array. A comparative study of AAO with and without Au NPs confirmed plasmonic improvement of the BHJ IOSC. Simulation results showed that Au NPs concentrate the incoming light into a strongly localized field and enhance light absorption in a wide wavelength range.
SaaS Integration for Software Cloud (2010)

Software as a Service (SaaS) has been adopted in a fast pace for applications and services on software clouds. However, the success of SaaS in software cloud cannot obscure the integration challenges faced by developers and enterprise infrastructure IT. Among those challenges, firewall/NAT traversal and security issues often pose a serious bottleneck as enterprises may not be entirely comfortable running mission critical applications outside the corporate firewall. On the other hand, SaaS applications in the cloud need to access enterprise on-premise applications for data exchange and on-premises services. The current approaches through opening special pin-holes on firewall or using dedicated VPNs have encountered a number of limitations and drawbacks. This paper presents a Proxy-based firewall/NAT traversal solution for SaaS integration (PASS). It allows SaaS applications to integrate with on-premise applications without firewall reconfiguration, while maintaining the security of on-premise applications. In addition, this approach is platform and application independent, making the SaaS integration seamless. Moreover, PASS is consistent with the enterprise web browsing infrastructure, and it requires little or no change to enterprise firewall/NAT configurations. In this paper we present the architecture of PASS and address SaaS integration challenges in software cloud, such as security/firewall, performance, and scalability. Experimental study based on our implemented system shows that the proposed approach of PASS is promising to resolve firewall/NAT traversal for SaaS integration with on-premise services.
Chimeric DNA methyltransferases target DNA methylation to specific DNA sequences and repress expression of target genes (2006)

Gene silencing by targeted DNA methylation has potential applications in basic research and therapy. To establish targeted methylation in human cell lines, the catalytic domains (CDs) of mouse Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b DNA methyltransferases (MTases) were fused to different DNA binding domains (DBD) of GAL4 and an engineered Cys2His2 zinc finger domain. We demonstrated that (i) Dense DNA methylation can be targeted to specific regions in gene promoters using chimeric DNA MTases. (ii) Site-specific methylation leads to repression of genes controlled by various cellular or viral promoters. (iii) Mutations affecting any of the DBD, MTase or target DNA sequences reduce targeted methylation and gene silencing. (iv) Targeted DNA methylation is effective in repressing Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection in cell culture with the viral titer reduced by at least 18-fold in the presence of an MTase fused to an engineered zinc finger DBD, which binds a single site in the promoter of HSV-1 gene IE175k. In short, we show here that it is possible to direct DNA MTase activity to predetermined sites in DNA, achieve targeted gene silencing in mammalian cell lines and interfere with HSV-1 propagation.
Physiologic Angiodynamics in the Brain (2007)

Hypoxic acclimatization includes increased brain capillary density. Adaptive angiogenesis, which occurs over a 3-week period, is mediated by upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor induced by hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in concert with the capillary remodeling molecule angiopoietin-2, which is upregulated through cyclooxygenase-2 production of prostaglandin E2. The process is apparently orchestrated by pericytes, which regulate the microvascular milieu and coordinate the interactions within the neurovascular unit. The return to normoxia is accompanied by microvascular regression and decreasing numbers of capillaries to prehypoxic densities. Regression is the result of endothelial cell apoptosis, suggesting the existence of physiologic mechanisms for adjusting capillary density to balance oxygen availability and oxygen consumption. The capacity for adaptation is diminished in older rats because of the attenuation of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 response.