gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of Egr-1 by oncostatin M precedes up-regulation of low density lipoprotein receptors in HepG2 cells. (1993)

Oncostatin M (OM), a 28 kilodalton glycoprotein cytokine, is structurally and functionally related to interleukin 6 and leukemia-inhibitory factor. We reported previously that OM strongly up-regulated low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors in human liver cells by a tyrosine kinase-mediated mechanism. Now, we demonstrate that the transcription factor Egr-1 is induced by OM. The induction of Egr-1 was time and concentration dependent; maximal inductions of 10-fold occurred by 30 min at concentrations of 10-25 ng/ml and higher. This concentration dependency was identical to those for OM-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation and LDL receptor up-regulation. The Egr-1, tyrosine kinase, and LDL receptor responses were inhibited at similar concentrations of genistein, suggesting that induction of Egr-1 and up-regulation of LDL receptors depended on activation of tyrosine kinase by OM. In contrast, depletion of protein kinase C by preincubation with 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13 alpha-acetate did not affect OM-mediated induction of Egr-1 or up-regulation of LDL receptors, indicating that protein kinase C is not required for the OM action. Other similar cytokines were investigated, and, of these, only interleukin 1 could increase both Egr-1 and LDL receptor activity. The correlation among tyrosine kinase phosphorylation, Egr-1 induction, and LDL receptor regulation suggests that Egr-1 may be a nuclear signal transducer utilized by OM to induce transcription of the LDL receptor gene. In support of this possibility is the discovery of an Egr-1 consensus sequence (GAGGGGGCG) at approximately 330 base pairs upstream from the transcription initiation site of the LDL receptor promoter region.
Photochemical deposition of noble metal ultrafine particles onto liposomes (1997)

Composite particles consisting of liposomes loaded with silver or gold ultrafine particles have been prepared by UV irradiation (λ=253.7 nm) of AgClO 4 or NaAuCl 4 aqueous solutions in the presence of l-α-dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine liposomes. The diameter of the metal particles was <5–7 nm. The absorption peak of the composite particles was observed at λ=380–390 (silver) or 540 nm (gold). The absorption spectra of the liposome/silver composite particles were broad and weak. The quantum yield of photoreduction of silver ions increased in the presence of liposomes. The usefulness of the liposome as a matrix for loading and stabilizing the noble-metal ultrafine particles has been demonstrated.
Reactive Ni/Ti nanolaminates (2009)

Nickel/titanium nanolaminates fabricated by sputter deposition exhibited rapid, high-temperature synthesis. When heated locally, self-sustained reactions were produced in freestanding Ni/Ti multilayer foils characterized by average propagation speeds between ∼0.1 and 1.4 m/s. The speed of a propagating reaction front was affected by total foil thickness and bilayer thickness (layer periodicity). In contrast to previous work with compacted Ni–Ti powders, no preheating of Ni/Ti foils was required to maintain self-propagating reactions. High-temperature synthesis was also stimulated by rapid global heating demonstrating low ignition temperatures (Tig)∼300–400 °C for nanolaminates. Ignition temperature was influenced by bilayer thickness with more coarse laminate designs exhibiting increased Tig. Foils reacted in a vacuum apparatus developed either as single-phase B2 cubic NiTi (austenite) or as a mixed-phase structure that was composed of monoclinic B19′ NiTi (martensite), hexagonal NiTi2, and B2 NiTi. Single-phase, cubic B2 NiTi generally formed when the initial bilayer thickness was made small.
Review Article: Adhesion Prevention and Reduction: Current Status and Future Recommendations of a Multinational Interdisciplinary Consensus Conference (2010)

Adhesions can be found after virtually every abdominopelvic operation performed through standard laparotomy as well as by laparoscopic approaches. Adhesions can be completely asymptomatic or can cause significant morbidity and mortality including strangulation, obstruction, and necrosis of bowel loops and/or infertility and organ injury during repeat abdominal surgery. Perhaps because of the multifactorial nature of adhesion development, prevention has been very limited. Three anti-adhesion products are commercially available, none of which has been universally accepted as a panacea. Part of the obstacles with adhesion management is the lack of an objective clinically relevant classification to allow their study. Because a single band can cause a life-threatening bowel obstruction, whereas extensive dense intra-abdominal adhesions may be asymptomatic, neither the mere presence or absence of adhesions nor their extent if present is totally adequate endpoints. Adhesions are a major health care burden, and their reduction is a significant unmet need in surgical therapeutics facing all surgeons. Of all the parameters assessing adhesions currently available, the authors believe that adhesion incidence (presence or absence) is the most relevant endpoint with a direct clinical implication. The authors endorse the development of a validated, clinically relevant scale to assess intra-abdominal adhesions. Given the present limitation of objective assessment of adhesions and prediction of their clinical effect, the authors also advocate, when appropriate, the use of one of the Food and Drug Administration-approved adhesion barriers. Further research is required to develop safe and effective anti-adhesion methods as well as better assessment tools for their efficacy.
Solid-phase synthesis of peptoid-like oligomers containing diverse diketopiperazine units (2014)

Diketopiperazine (DKP) units are found in many bioactive small molecules. Here we report facile chemistry for incorporating diverse DKP units within peptoid and peptoid-like libraries made by solid-phase split and pool synthesis.
Atmospheric‐electric observations during the total solar eclipse of September 10, 1923 (1924)

The Department of Terrestrial Magnetism made observations of potential gradient, positive conductivity, and negative conductivity at Point Loma near San Diego, California, on September 10, 1923, as well as control observations on the four preceding and following days. Improved bifilar electrometers, which gave dependable determinations of potential, were used. Potential gradient was observed both by eye‐readings and by continuous photographic registration. Conductivity was observed simultaneously with two Gerdien conductivity apparatuses. Meteorological conditions were very steady for the day of the eclipse; there was a total range of 2°.5 Centigrade in temperature, 9 per cent in relative humidity, and 0.02 inches in barometric pressure. During the 20 minutes following totality, the temperature decreased 0°.8 Centigrade, and the relative humidity increased 3 per cent. The sky was completely overcast with fog which extended above 17,000 feet. Observational irregularities due to leak on account of increased humidity or alteration of instrumental constants caused by changes in temperature were smaller than the errors of observation. It was found that the potential gradient for about half an hour immediately following totality was about 15 per cent subnormal. The electrical conductivity of the air and the air‐earth current‐density increased about 10 per cent above normal during the 10‐minute period following totality. These results are in close agreement with those observed by the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at Lakin, Kansas, on June 8, 1918, and at Sobral, Brazil, on May 29, 1919. There was a greater increase in the negative conductivity than in the positive conductivity of the order of 15 per cent.
Dynamic Mobile Cloud Computing: Ad Hoc and Opportunistic Job Sharing (2011)

Despite increasing usage of mobile computing, exploiting its full potential is difficult due to problems such as resource sparseness. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of a mobile cloud computing framework to use local resources to solve these problems. The framework aims to determine a priori the usefulness of sharing workload at runtime. The results of experiments conducted in Bluetooth transmission and an initial prototype are also presented. Furthermore, we discuss a preliminary analytical model to determine whether or not a speedup will be possible in offloading.
Fractionated Low-Dose Radiation Exposure Leads to Accumulation of DNA Damage and Profound Alterations in DNA and Histone Methylation in the Murine Thymus (2005)

Thymus, an important component of hematopoietic tissue, is a well-documented "target" of radiation carcinogenesis. Both acute and fractionated irradiation result in a high risk of leukemia and thymic lymphoma. However, the exact mechanisms underlying radiation-induced predisposition to leukemia and lymphoma are still unknown, and the contributions of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in particular have yet to be defined. Global DNA hypomethylation is a well-known characteristic of cancer cells. Recent studies have also shown that tumor cells undergo prominent changes in histone methylation, particularly a substantial loss of trimethylation of histone H4-Lys20 and demethylation of genomic DNA. These losses are considered a universal marker of malignant transformation. In the present study, we investigated the effect of low-dose radiation exposure on the accumulation of DNA lesions and alterations of DNA methylation and histone H4-Lys20 trimethylation in the thymus tissue using an in vivo murine model. For the first time, we show that fractionated whole-body application of 0.5 Gy X-ray leads to decrease in histone H4-Lys20 trimethylation in the thymus. The loss of histone H4-Lys20 trimethylation was accompanied by a significant decrease in global DNA methylation as well as the accumulation of DNA damage as monitored by persistence of histone gammaH2AX foci in the thymus tissue of mice exposed to fractionated irradiation. Altered DNA methylation was associated with reduced expression of maintenance (DNMT1) and, to a lesser extent, de novo DNA methyltransferase DNMT3a in exposed animals. Expression of another de novo DNA methyltransferase DNMT3b was decreased only in males. Irradiation also resulted in approximately 20% reduction in the levels of methyl-binding proteins MeCP2 and MBD2. Our results show the involvement of epigenetic alterations in radiation-induced responses in vivo. These changes may play a role in genome destabilization that ultimately leads to cancer.
Management strategies outlined: Research reveals pattern of cucurbit virus spread (1992)

Diseases caused by aphid-vectored viruses result in severe economic loss to Southern California melon growers. Information gathered over the past several years has given researchers new directions for managing this production problem.
Performance comparison of two different filter design approaches for torsional vibration damping in a doubly fed induction generator‐based wind turbine (2015)

Conventional band‐pass filter (BPF)‐based damper is commonly employed to damp the vibrations in the drive train caused by turbulent winds. However, for the case of grid disturbances or faults resultant torsional vibrations, the performance of the BPF‐based damper can be compromised because of the potential low‐frequency vibration modes from grid side. To overcome this shortcoming, low‐pass filter (LPF)‐based torsional damper was proposed in this study. The theoretical analysis of the two torsional damper was assessed in frequency domain. Performance comparison of the two dampers was conducted through simulations and the proposed LPF‐based torsional damper outperformed the conventional one in the presence of unexpected low‐frequency vibrations. Results also showed that retuning the BPF by decreasing the quality factor can restore the intended performance of torsional damper.
Compact liquid cooling system for small, moveable electronic equipment (2003)

A compact liquid cooling system has been evaluated in a benchmark of self-contained heat exchanger units that fit within small movable electronic equipment, such as PCs and workstations. The compact cooling system connects to a multichip module package via a pair of flexible stainless steel hoses. The system contains a fluid expansion chamber, a liquid-to-air heat exchanger core, a fan, and a pump and can operate entirely sealed. Pressures, package power dissipation, flow rate, and temperatures were recorded. The coolant liquid chosen for use in this system was 3M Fluorinert type FC-72, a chemically inert dielectric liquid. The 5.5 liter prototype system delivers 1.1 liter/min of FC-72. Test results showed the unit can remove up to 274 W of power dissipated with a 52 degrees C temperature difference between inlet liquid and air with a thermal resistance of 0.19 degrees C/W. Design improvements for a second generation system are proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Advances of Non-Ionic Surfactant Vesicles (Niosomes) and Their Application in Drug Delivery (2019)

Non-Ionic surfactant based vesicles, also known as niosomes, have attracted much attention in pharmaceutical fields due to their excellent behavior in encapsulating both hydrophilic and hydrophobic agents. In recent years, it has been discovered that these vesicles can improve the bioavailability of drugs, and may function as a new strategy for delivering several typical of therapeutic agents, such as chemical drugs, protein drugs and gene materials with low toxicity and desired targeting efficiency. Compared with liposomes, niosomes are much more stable during the formulation process and storage. The required pharmacokinetic properties can be achieved by optimizing components or by surface modification. This novel delivery system is also easy to prepare and scale up with low production costs. In this paper, we summarize the structure, components, formulation methods, quality control of niosome and its applications in chemical drugs, protein drugs and gene delivery.
Integrable High-Efficiency AC-DC Converter for Piezoelectric Energy Scavenging System (2007)

In recent years a lot of studies focused on energy-scavenging systems (ESS). An important motivation for these studies is the development of portable devices (PD) and of wireless sensors network (WSN). An ESS can be partitioned in two sections: the energy-scavenger itself and the electronic interface. The first one is the energy transducer while the second one is the electronic circuit which manages the energy. One of the most important objectives of the electronic interface is to realize the required ac-dc conversion. Since the output power level of the energy-scavenger can be very low, the conversion should be as efficient as possible. The goal of this paper is to design a voltage doubler ac-dc converter and optimize it. A passive and an active solution were compared using the converter efficiency as a figure of merit.
Improving software testing in large data processing organizations (1981)

Software testing is one of the most critical tasks performed by a large data processing organization. Testing is important in the development of new systems, but it may have an even greater impact on the maintenance of the production systems. In spite of this, testing is rarely approached in the same disciplined manner as are other software production activities. Perhaps as a result of this situation, an organization can often achieve significant improvements in both software testing effectiveness and efficiency through a relatively low-cost investment in testing methodologies, tools, and techniques. This paper describes just such an investment undertaken by the Information Services Group of Chemical Bank. Particular emphasis is placed on how this program for testing improvement was implemented, in addition to what it consists of. Finally, results of the program to date are presented and analyzed.
Fast nucleic acid amplification for integration in point‐of‐care applications (2012)

An ultrafast microfluidic PCR module (30 PCR cycles in 6 min) based on the oscillating fluid plug concept was developed. A robust amplification of native genomic DNA from whole blood samples could be achieved at operational conditions established from systematic investigations of key parameters including heat transfer and in particular flow velocities. Experimental data were augmented with results from computational fluid dynamics simulations. The reproducibility of the current system was substantially improved compared to previous concepts by integration of a closed reservoir instead of utilizing a vented channel end at ambient pressure rendering the devised module suitable for integration into complex sample-to-answer analysis platforms such as point-of-care applications.
Differential Scanning Calorimetric Studies of Nickel Titanium Rotary Endodontic Instruments (2002)

Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analyses were performed between -130 degrees and 100 degrees C on specimens prepared from nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary endodontic instruments: ProFile (n = 5), Lightspeed (n = 4), and Quantec (n = 3). The ProFile and Lightspeed instruments were in the as-received condition, whereas the Quantec instruments were randomly selected from a dental clinic and had unknown history. The DSC plots showed that the ProFile and Lightspeed instruments analyzed had the superelastic NiTi property, with an austenite-finish (Af) temperature of approximately 25 degrees C. Differences in DSC plots for the ProFile instruments and the starting wire blanks (n = 2) were attributed to the manufacturing process. The phase transformation behavior when the specimens were heated and cooled between -130 degrees and 100 degrees C, the temperature ranges for the phase transformations, and the resulting enthalpy changes were similar to those previously reported for nickel-titanium orthodontic wires having superelastic characteristics or shape memory behavior in the oral environment. The experiments demonstrated that DSC is a powerful tool for materials characterization of these rotary instruments, providing direct information not readily available from other analytical techniques about the NiTi phases present, which are fundamentally responsible for their clinical behavior.
A compact, in-situ, spectrophotometric sensor for aqueous environments: design and applications (2002)

A compact, portable and sensitive instrument has been designed and built for in-situ spectrophotometric analyses on aqueous solutions. This sensor, known as the spectral elemental analysis system (SEAS), has been successfully used for nutrient and pH measurements on both autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and on moored platforms. The key element of SEAS is a liquid-core waveguide made of Teflon AF-2400 that permits long optical path lengths (several meters) in a very small volume (/spl sim/40 cm/sup 3/). Using SEAS, sub-nanomolar detection limits have been achieved for a wide variety of analyses. A unique feature of SEAS is the minimal reconfiguration required to perform fluorimetric analyses. Characteristics of the SEAS instrument are described, including laboratory and field measurements.
Effect of First-Line Chemotherapy Combined With Cetuximab or Bevacizumab on Overall Survival in Patients With <i>KRAS</i> Wild-Type Advanced or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2017)

clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00265850.
Protease-Activated Receptor-1 (<i>hPar1</i>), A Survival Factor Eliciting Tumor Progression (2007)

Although ample evidence point to the central involvement of protease activated receptor-1 (PAR1) in tumor progression, little is known about the fate of the tumor when hPar1 is being silenced. We observed that hPar1 antisense clones exhibit low PAR1 levels, attenuated cell proliferation and invasion in vitro, and tumor formation in vivo. These clones showed noticeably reduced paxillin phosphorylation compared with the parental A375SM cells, whereas no change in the integrin levels was noticed. Antisense clones injected into the mice resulted in very few and only occasional small tumors, whereas advanced and vascularized tumors were observed in A375SM cells. The antisense-derived tumor sections expressed active caspase-3, increased terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick-end labeling staining, and a markedly reduced proliferating cell nuclear antigen level compared with A375SM cell-derived tissue sections. Likewise, ablation of the hPar1 gene in a tetracycline-inducible hPar1 system leads to apoptosis in immature blood vessels, whereas mature vessels were unaffected. The activation of PAR1-induced pAkt/protein kinase B abrogated serum-deprived Bim(EL) induction and also markedly inhibited Bax levels. On the other hand, small interfering RNA silencing of the hPar1 gene induced the expression of Bim(EL), a direct substrate of Akt/protein kinase B and also induced expression of active caspase-9 and caspase-3. These results altogether identify PAR1 as a survival factor that protects cells from undergoing apoptosis. We conclude that whereas PAR1 gene expression correlates with tumor progression, its neutralization effectively initiates an apoptotic pathway leading at least in part to significantly reduced tumor formation.
Characterization of Li-rich layered oxides by using transmission electron microscope (2017)

Lithium-rich layered oxides (LrLOs) deliver extremely high specific capacities and are considered to be promising candidates for electric vehicle and smart grid applications. However, the application of LrLOs needs further understanding of the structural complexity and dynamic evolution of monoclinic and rhombohedral phases, in order to overcome the issues including voltage decay, poor rate capability, initial irreversible capacity loss and etc. The development of aberration correction for the transmission electron microscope and concurrent progress in electron spectroscopy, have fueled rapid progress in the understanding of the mechanism of such issues. New techniques based on the transmission electron microscope are first surveyed, and the applications of these techniques for the study of the structure, migration of transition metal, and the activation of oxygen of LrLOs are then explored in detail, with a particular focus on the mechanism of voltage decay.
Alginate-PEG Sponge Architecture and Role in the Design of Insulin Release Dressings (2012)

Wound healing is a natural process involving several signaling molecules and cell types over a significant period of time. Although current dressings help to protect the wound from debris or infection, they do little in accelerating the healing process. Insulin has been shown to stimulate the healing of damaged skin. We have developed an alginate sponge dressing (ASD) that forms a hydrogel capable of providing a moist and protective healing environment. By incorporating insulin-loaded poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microparticles into ASD, we successfully stabilized and released insulin for up to 21 days. Insulin release and water absorption and transfer through the ASD were influenced by altering the levels of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in the dressing matrix. Bioactivity of released insulin can be maintained for at least 10 days, demonstrated using a human keratinocyte migration assay. Results showed that insulin-loaded PLGA microparticles, embedded within PEG-ASD, functioned as an effective long-term delivery platform for bioactive insulin.