gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Retinoids and pregnancy: an update (2014)

Key content The use and pharmacokinetics of retinoids. The main known teratogenic effects of retinoids are face, skull, cardiovascular, nervous system and thymic abnormalities. The pregnancy prevention programme must be adhered to when initiating retinoid treatment. Effective contraception should be continued for at least one month after cessation of retinoid treatment. Management options of pregnant women with recent retinoid use or exposure in early pregnancy; including involvement of the specialist multidisciplinary team. Learning objectives To understand the risk and in particular teratogenesis associated with exposure to retinoids peri‐conception. To raise awareness of the pregnancy prevention programme. To highlight the management options for women who become pregnant with recent retinoid use or exposure in early pregnancy. Ethical issues Termination of pregnancy with peri‐conceptual exposure to retinoids. Should isotretinoin be used so widely in the childbearing population when we are aware of its teratogenicity?
Hyaluronic Acid: A Novel, Double Helical Molecule (1973)

Films prepared from a deformable gel (or putty) of hyaluronic acid show high crystallinity and orientation in their x-ray diffraction patterns. We have derived a probable structure for the molecules in these films. This is a double helix in which two identical, left-handed strands are antiparallel to one another. Each strand has four disaccharide residues per pitch length. Although the putty is prepared at pH 2.5, at which dilute solutions of hyaluronic have exaggerated rheological properties, the double helical form can also exist at physiological pH and therefore may be a biologically important form.
Membrane stress profiles from self-consistent field theory (2017)

Using self-consistent field theory (SCFT), we develop an accurate, local expression for the stress profiles in membranes and soft matter interfaces, in general. The bond stresses are expressed in terms of pre-computed chain propagators, which are used to describe the statistical weight of the molecules and therefore require minimal additional calculations. In addition, we overcome the resolution limit of the molecular bond length by including the Irving and Kirkwood bond assignment and recover a constant normal stress profile across an interface. Using this theory, we find that the membrane lateral stress profile contains repulsive (positive) stresses in the regions of the head and tail groups, and attractive (negative) stresses near the hydrophobic/hydrophilic interface. We also verify that the zeroth and first moments of the stress profile correspond to the thermodynamic tension and product of the bending modulus and the spontaneous curvature, respectively.
The <i>Anabaena</i> sp. Strain PCC 7120 Gene all2874 Encodes a Diguanylate Cyclase and Is Required for Normal Heterocyst Development under High-Light Growth Conditions (2008)

ABSTRACT The genome of the heterocyst-forming cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 harbors 14 genes containing a GGDEF diguanylate cyclase domain. We found that inactivation of one of these genes, all2874, caused abnormal heterocyst development. The all2874 mutant showed a pronounced reduction in heterocyst frequency during diazotrophic growth and reduced vegetative cell size compared to the wild type. The severity of the mutant phenotype varied with light intensity; at high light intensity, the mutant phenotype was accentuated, whereas at low light intensity the phenotype was similar to wild type. Under high-light growth conditions, the initial heterocyst frequency and pattern for the all2874 mutant were normal, but within 4 days following nitrogen step-down, many intervals between heterocysts increased to as many as 200 vegetative cells, whereas in the wild type the intervals were less than 25 vegetative cells. Filaments containing these unusually long vegetative cell intervals between heterocysts also contained intervals of normal length. An all2874 mutant strain carrying a P patS - gfp transcriptional reporter fusion failed to show normal upregulation of the reporter, which indicates that the decrease in heterocyst frequency is due to an early block in differentiation before induction of the patS gene, which in the wild type takes place 8 h after nitrogen step-down. Genetic epistasis experiments suggest that All2874 acts upstream of the master regulator HetR in differentiating cells. We also showed that purified All2874 functions as a diguanylate cyclase in vitro. We hypothesize that All2874 is required for the normal regulation of heterocyst frequency under high-light growth conditions.
Congregational Commonwealth: Connecticut, 1636-1662, <i>by Mary Jeanne Anderson Jones</i> (1971)

Journal Article Congregational Commonwealth: Connecticut, 1636-1662, by Mary Jeanne Anderson Jones Get access Congregational Commonwealth: Connecticut, 1636-1662 by Mary Jeanne Anderson Jones. Middletown, Conn., Wesleyan University Press, 1968.—xiii, 233 pp. $7.95. Richard L. Bushman Richard L. Bushman Boston University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Political Science Quarterly, Volume 86, Issue 2, June 1971, Pages 296–297, https://doi.org/10.2307/2148020 Published: 15 June 1971
Decrease in serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone in rats and in parathyroid hormone secretion in vitro by 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. (1975)

The present study determined the effects of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on serum immunoactive parathyroid hormone and on parathyroid hormone secretion in vitro. Rats injected i.p. with 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, 130 pmol (2 U)/140 g body wt, which is probably a physiologic dose, had a significant 43% decrease in serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone at 4 h. In addition, this dose of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol inhibited the serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone response to hypocalcemia induced by phosphate injection. Because the increment in serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone was less but the decrement in serum calcium more in phosphate plus 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol-treated than in phosphate plus vehicle-treated rats, the impaired serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone response to 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol could not be attributed to the change in serum calcium. In studies of parathyroid hormone secretion from bovine parathyroid tissue in vitro, the concentration of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol used for most experiments was 1nM, which is in the range found in rat serum. 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol at 1 or 100 nM significantly inhibited parathyroid hormone secretion when medium calcium concentration was normal (1.5 mM), high (3.0 mM), and low (1.0 mM). Maximum inhibition ranged from 19 to 74%; inhibition was generally seen after 2 h of incubation; and inhibition was sustained or progressive thereafter. Vitamin A, 0.1 muM, caused a marked stimulation of parathyroid hormone secretion. 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol at 1 nM markedly reduced (44%) the effect of vitamin A to stimulate parathyroid hormone secretion. This effect of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol was maximal at 1 h and persisted thereafter. Another steroid, hydrocortisone, 10 muM, did not inhibit parathyroid hormone secretion, suggesting that the 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol effect was not a nonspecific inhibitory effect on parathyroid cells. Because other workers have shown that parathyroid hormone directly stimulates 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol secretion, our results are consistent with the concept that there is a feedback loop where parathyroid hormone directly stimulates secretion of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, which in turn directly inhibits secretion of parathyroid hormone.
New synthetic reactions. Geminal alkylation (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew synthetic reactions. Geminal alkylationBarry M. Trost and Mitchell J. BogdanowiczCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 6, 2038–2040Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00787a068https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00787a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views219Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New multiple DC-DC converter topology with a high frequency zig-zag transformer (2004)

In this paper, new multiple dc-dc converter topologies such as boost and buck types are proposed. Basically, multiple converters are interleaved together along with an integrated high frequency multiphase magnetic called zig-zag transformer. The balanced multiphase winding voltages of the transformer are generated by three pulse width modulation (PWM) signals appropriately phase-shifted. The transformer automatically makes all the multi-phase currents identical so that current control can be simply achieved by sensing only a single current even for multiple converters without current sharing technique. Switching frequency of each phase is slightly lower since today's semiconductor technology limits the level. But with the proposed topology, overall input/output ripples are appeared at the number of phases times the switching frequency. First of all, three-interleaved converters are introduced for simplification of the analysis. It is noted that no current ripple is appeared at the boundary conditions where converter operating point needs to be placed. The proposed topology also improves transient response since all identical phase currents flow through the magnetic. Experimental results are shown to confirm the validity of possible use of the proposed approach in practice.
<title>Efficient algorithm for Gaussian blur using finite-state machines</title> (1998)

2D Gaussian blur operations are used in many image processing applications. The execution times of these operations can be rather long, especially where large kernels are involved. Proper use of two properties of Gaussian blurs can help to reduce these long execution times: (1) Large kernels can be decomposed into the sequential application of small kernels. (2) Gaussian blurs are separable into row and column operations. This paper makes use of both of these characteristics and adds a third one: (3) The row and column operations can be formulated as finite-state machines to produce highly efficient code and, for multi-step decompositions, eliminate writing to intermediate images. This paper shows the FSM formulation of the Gaussian blur for the general case and provides examples. Speed comparisons between various implementations are provided for some of the examples. The emphasis is on software implementations, but implementations in pipelined hardware are also discussed. Straightforward extensions of these concepts to 3- and higher-dimensional image processing are also presented. Implementation techniques for DOG (Difference-of-Gaussian filters) are also provided.
Ixodes ricinus spirochete and European erythema chronicum migrans disease. (1985)

From three endemic locations of erythema chronicum migrans disease in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, we recovered 19 isolates of a spirochete from Ixodes ricinus ticks. The infection rate in adult ticks was 16 percent. The isolated spirochete is immunologically related to the Ixodes dammini spirochete, Borrelia duttoni, and Treponema pallidum. Using indirect immunofluorescence, the sera of 90 patients with erythema chronicum migrans disease showed antibody titers against the isolated spirochete, which correlated with the clinical course. Similarly, antibodies were demonstrated in the sera of 21 patients with acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. These results suggest an etiologic role for the Ixodes ricinus spriochete in European erythema chronicum migrans disease.
Comparison of Multiplexed Techniques for Detection of Bacterial and Viral Proteins (2004)

Immobilized antibody microarrays were compared to the Luminex flow cytometry system that utilizes suspensions of polystyrene microbeads covalently coupled with capture antibodies. The two immunoassays were performed for comparison of reproducibility, limits of detection and dynamic range. The Luminex system showed lower limits of detection and increased dynamic range among samples whereas the protein microarrays could be more amenable to miniaturization. Both technologies were capable of sensitive multiplexed detection.
Study of unconventional aircraft engines designed for low energy consumption (1976)

A study of unconventional engine cycle concepts, which may offer significantly lower energy consumption than conventional subsonic transport turbofans, is described herein. A number of unconventional engine concepts were identified and parametrically studied to determine their relative fuel-saving potential. Based on results from these studies, regenerative, geared, and variable-boost turbofans, and combinations thereof, were selected along with advanced turboprop cycles for further evaluation and refinement. Preliminary aerodynamic and mechanical designs of these unconventional engine configurations were conducted and mission performance was compared to a conventional, direct-drive turofan reference engine. Consideration is given to the unconventional concepts, and their state of readiness for application. Areas of needed technology advancement are identified.
Chemotherapeutic Activity of <i>L</i>-Histidinol against Spontaneous, Autochthonous Murine Breast Tumors (1990)

In experiments designed to investigate the biochemical basis for the diminution of the antitumor activity of 5-fluorouracil (FUra) by L-histidinol in CD8FI breast tumors, it was discovered that L-histidinol inhibits RNA and DNA synthesis in these tumors. This finding suggested the possibility that L-histidinol might have antiproliferative activity in the CD8FI breast tumor, and on that basis we evaluated different administration schedules of L-histidinol for antitumor activity in vivo. The present report describes a schedule of L-histidinol administration which yielded significant activity against spontaneous, autochthonous CD8FI breast tumors consistently at tolerable doses. To our knowledge, there are no previous reports of in vivo antitumor activity associated with the administration of L-histidinol as a single agent.
Some Derivatives of Metamorphinan (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome Derivatives of MetamorphinanMarshall. Gates and David Arthur. KleinCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1967, 10, 3, 380–382Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00315a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00315a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reaction of acetaldehyde with hemoglobin. (1986)

Acetaldehyde reacted with hemoglobin at neutral pH and 37 degrees C to form adducts that were stable to dialysis and that were not reduced by sodium borohydride. Hemoglobin tetramers having 2, 3, and probably 4 molar eq of bound aldehyde were isolated by cation exchange chromatography. The sites of attachment of the aldehyde were the free amino groups of the N-terminal valine residues of the alpha and beta chains of hemoglobin. Derivatization of the beta chains caused a greater increase in the acidity of the hemoglobin than did derivatization of the alpha chains. Derivatization of the beta chains was also preferred over that of the alpha chains. Acetaldehyde derivatives of the N-terminal octapeptide of hemoglobin S (beta sT-1 peptide), Val-Gly-Gly, and tetraglycine were formed readily, contained 1 M eq of acetaldehyde/mol of peptide, and were not reduced by sodium borohydride. In contrast, Ala-Pro-Gly failed to form a 1:1 adduct with acetaldehyde. 13C NMR analysis of the peptide adducts formed with [1,2-13C]acetaldehyde indicated that tetrahedral diastereomeric derivatives were produced. The 13C chemical shifts of the adducts formed between hemoglobin and [1,2-13C]acetaldehyde were identical to those of the peptide adducts although resonances from the individual diastereomeric adducts at each hemoglobin site could not be resolved. The results cited above as well as other evidence indicate that acetaldehyde reacts with the amino termini of hemoglobin to form stable cyclic imidazolidinone derivatives. An exchange of acetaldehyde residues between peptides was also documented.
Bioconcentration and tissue distribution of perfluorinated acids in rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) (2003)

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed simultaneously to a homologous series of perfluoroalkyl carboxylates and sulfonates in a flow-through system to determine compound-specific tissue distribution and bioconcentration parameters for perfluorinated acids (PFAs). In general, PFAs accumulated to the greatest extent in blood > kidney > liver > gall bladder. Carboxylates and sulfonates with perfluoroalkyl chain lengths shorter than seven and six carbons, respectively, could not be detected in most tissues and were considered to have insignificant bioconcentration factors (BCFs). For detectable PFAs, carcass BCFs increased with increasing length of the perfluoroalkyl chain, ranging from 4.0 to 23,000, based on wet weight concentrations. Carboxylate carcass BCFs increased by a factor of eight for each additional carbon in the perfluoroalkyl chain between 8 and 12 carbons, but this relationship deviated from linearity for the longest PFA tested, possibly because of decreased gill permeability. In general, half-lives (3.9-28 d) and uptake rates (0.053-1.700 L/kg/d) also increased with increasing length of the perfluoroalkyl chain in all tissues. Sulfonates had greater BCFs, half-lives, and rates of uptake than the corresponding carboxylate of equal perfluoroalkyl chain length, indicating that hydrophobicity, as predicted by the critical micelle concentration, is not the only determinant of PFA bioaccumulation potential and that the acid function must be considered.
Application of Voice Recognition for Mobile E-Commerce Security (2011)

Mobile e-commerce is a new e-commerce branch and plays a more and more important role in our lives. In this paper, a new security model in mobile e-commerce based on voice recognition is proposed. The security model can solve the mobile e-commerce security issues and make the operation of the mobile e-commerce system more user-friendly. The components of the security model and its practical application of the concrete steps are described in this paper.
Bystander Target Cell Lysis and Cytokine Production by Dengue Virus-Specific Human CD4<sup>+</sup>Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Clones (1999)

Dengue hemorrhagic fever, the severe form of dengue virus infection, is believed to be an immunopathological response to a secondary infection with a heterologous serotype of dengue virus. Dengue virus capsid protein-specific CD4(+) cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) clones were shown to be capable of mediating bystander lysis of non-antigen-presenting target cells. After activation by anti-CD3 or in the presence of unlabeled antigen-presenting target cells, these clones could lyse both Jurkat cells and HepG2 cells as bystander targets. Lysis of HepG2 cells suggests a potential role for CD4(+) CTL in the liver involvement observed during dengue virus infection. Three CD4(+) CTL clones were demonstrated to lyse cognate, antigen-presenting target cells by a mechanism that primarily involves perforin, while bystander lysis occurred through Fas/Fas ligand interactions. In contrast, one clone used a Fas/Fas ligand mechanism to lyse both cognate and bystander targets. Cytokine production by the CTL clones was also examined. In response to stimulation with D2 antigen, CD4(+) T-cell clones produced gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and TNF-beta. The data suggest that CD4(+) CTL clones may contribute to the immunopathology observed upon secondary dengue virus infections through direct cytolysis and/or cytokine production.
A Highly Regioselective Salt‐Free Iron‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation (2006)

Ironing out the kinks: A highly regioselective allylic alkylation can be performed in the presence of catalytic amounts of an iron(−II) complex and triphenylphosphane (see scheme; EWG=electron-withdrawing group). Allyl carbonates and pronucleophiles are coupled in high yields with a high regioselectivity comparable only with that obtained with Rh catalysts. The reaction is broadly applicable and does not require external base. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z503274_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The Bacterial Community Composition of the Bovine Rumen Detected Using Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA Genes (2012)

The rumen bacterial composition of both pre- ruminant dairy calves and cows and beef steers was surveyed using pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Sequences were analyzed using taxonomy-dependent and -independent clustering methods. The core rumen microbiome, regardless of the rumen developmental status or breeds, consisted of 8 phyla, 11 classes, 15 families, and 17 genera. Principal component analysis and clustering demonstrated that the bacterial communities in the rumen of pre-ruminant dairy calves, dairy cows, and beef steers were clearly distinguishable. Approximately 66% of phyla and 41% of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) in a typical rumen bacterial community differed in relative abundance between the developing and mature rumen. Greater abundance of Fibrobacteraceae and Ruminococaceae in the rumen of beef steers likely reflected the need for enhanced fiber-digesting capacity in beef cattle. Our results should facilitate understanding of the structural and functional relationships in the rumen microbial ecosystem.