gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FairCloud (2012)

The network, similar to CPU and memory, is a critical and shared resource in the cloud. However, unlike other resources, it is neither shared proportionally to payment, nor do cloud providers offer minimum guarantees on network bandwidth. The reason networks are more difficult to share is because the network allocation of a virtual machine (VM) X depends not only on the VMs running on the same machine with X, but also on the other VMs that X communicates with and the cross-traffic on each link used by X. In this paper, we start from the above requirements--payment proportionality and minimum guarantees--and show that the network-specific challenges lead to fundamental tradeoffs when sharing cloud networks. We then propose a set of properties to explicitly express these tradeoffs. Finally, we present three allocation policies that allow us to navigate the tradeoff space. We evaluate their characteristics through simulation and testbed experiments to show that they can provide minimum guarantees and achieve better proportionality than existing solutions.
The enzymatic saccharification of canola meal and its utilization for xylanase production by Trichoderma reesei. (1990)

Tests made utilizing canola meal as a substrate for the production of xylanase indicate that Trichoderma reesei produced this enzyme in similar or better yields from canola meal than from expensive carbon sources such as Solka-floc, cellulose, glucose, lactose, sucrose or purified xylans. The effect of culture conditions on xylanase production when canola meal was used as a carbon source was also investigated. The enzyme system produced using canola meal also contained a higher proportion of acetyl-xylan esterase, cellulase, and xylosidase activities, most of which are required for synergistic action and hydrolysis of complex materials. The enzymatic saccharification of canola meal was also investigated. The results show that saccharification of canola meal is mainly brought about by hemicellulases capable of degrading arabinogalactan, arabinoglucan, galactan and galactomannan, while cellulase and xylanase play a minor role. This autoclaving pretreatment also released water soluble polysaccharides consisting mainly of arabinnose and glucose. T. reesei was unable to produce enzymes capable of hydrolyzing these polysaccharides when cultivated on canola meal as substrate. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Time-to-collision estimation from motion based on primate visual processing (2005)

A population coded algorithm, built on established models of motion processing in the primate visual system, computes the time-to-collision of a mobile robot to real-world environmental objects from video imagery. A set of four transformations starts with motion energy, a spatiotemporal frequency based computation of motion features. The following processing stages extract image velocity features similar to, but distinct from, optic flow; "translation" features, which account for velocity errors including those resulting from the aperture problem; and finally, estimate the time-to-collision. Biologically motivated population coding distinguishes this approach from previous methods based on optic flow. A comparison of the population coded approach with the popular optic flow algorithm of Lucas and Kanade against three types of approaching objects shows that the proposed method produces more robust time-to-collision information from a real world input stimulus in the presence of the aperture problem and other noise sources. The improved performance comes with increased computational cost, which would ideally be mitigated by special purpose hardware architectures.
Multicolored ZnO Nanowire Architectures on Trenched Silicon Substrates (2007)

Well-tailored three-dimensional (3D) ZnO nanowire architectures have been successfully grown on Si microtrenches fabricated using nanoimprinting lithography by a low-temperature hydrothermal approach. Au nanoparticles or ZnO nanofilms were used as templates to tailor the orientation ordered nanowire growth normal to the microtrench surface. Au produced sparse nanowire growth, while ZnO seeds created densely packed growth. Optically, other than displaying a primary color when viewed from one incident angle, the 3D nanowire architecture periodically displayed multiple primary color domains covering all microtrenches and the local orientation ordered nanowire arrays. A pre-growth annealing of ZnO nanoseeds resulted in nonuniformity and non-periodic distribution of the grown nanoarchitectures and thus reduced the multicolor effect.
The Transfusion of Conserved Blood (1941)

W HOLE bIood for conservation can be obtained from three sources, the living donor, the human pIacenta, and the human cadaver. The Iiving donor is the most frequent source, for the amount avaiIabIe from the average pIacenta is not Iarge, and for obvious reasons the use of bIood from the cadaver has not become popuIar in this country, aIthough Judine’ and other Russian writers strongIy advocate the method.
Electroporation in cells and tissues: A biophysical phenomenon due to electromagnetic fields (1995)

The effect of “strong” electromagnetic fields on cells and tissue can be dramatic but not necessarily harmful. The essentially universal biophysical phenomenon of “electroporation” occurs if an applied field causes the cell transmembrane voltage to reach about 0.5–1 V in a time of microseconds to milliseconds. Ordinarily the cell membrane is a formidable barrier to the transport of ions and charged molecules. However, electroporation results in a large increase in transmembrane conductance, which is believed to be caused by ion transport through temporary membrane openings (“pores”). This high‐conductance state limits the transmembrane voltage and thereby protects the membrane. A large increase in molecular transport generally occurs for the same conditions and allows polar molecules to be introduced into cells. Similar enhanced molecular transport can be caused in living tissues. Not only cell membranes, but also cell layers or even the stratum corneum of human skin can be temporarily altered by the electrical creation of aqueous pathways. The mechanism of electroporation is partially understood, in that the electrical and mechanical behavior of artificial planar bilayer membranes can be described quantitatively by a theoretical model based on transient aqueous pores. More complex behavior in cell membranes may be due to both the complicated shapes of cell membranes and the additional participation of metastable pores and interactions with cell structures. In the case of tissues the situation is even more complex and has only recently begun to be studied but has the prospect of providing a new approach to transporting polar molecules across tissue barriers.
Active noise control for motorcycle helmets (2010)

Continuous exposure to high-level of motorcycle noise has a risk of damaging hearing and degrading the quality of music for entertainment. This paper develops an innovative audio-integrated active noise control (ANC) system for motorcycle helmets to cancel noise and preserve the audio quality. Motorcycle noises measured at different speeds are recorded, analyzed and used to evaluate the performance of audio-integrated ANC system. Both computer simulations and real-time experiments show the feasibility of using the developed ANC helmets for hearing protection and audio entertainment.
Factor VIII expression in liver disease (2003)

Liver disease is associated with markedly elevated plasma factor VIII (FVIII) levels, whereas the synthesis of many other coagulation factors and proteins is reduced. In order to define the mechanism of FVIII increase, we have determined the expression levels of FVIII, both at mRNA and protein level, in patients with liver disease who underwent partial liver resection. In addition, the expression of von Willebrand factor (VWF) and low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP), proteins known for their ability to modulate FVIII plasma levels, were examined. Tissue samples for RNA extraction were obtained from 4 patients with cirrhosis, 9 patients with liver failure without cirrhosis and 6 patients with liver metastasis of a colon or rectum carcinoma (control group). In patients with liver cirrhosis hepatic FVIII and LRP mRNA levels were significantly lower than controls (p < or = 0.010), while VWF mRNA was significantly higher (p < or = 0.050). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that cellular VWF protein distribution was also increased in cirrhotic livers compared to liver tissue from patients with non-cirrhotic liver disease. In cirrhotic tissue enlarged portal veins appeared to overgrow FVIII producing sinusoidal endothelial cells. Similarly, the number of LRP-producing cells appeared to be lower in cirrhotic tissue than in controls. The plasma concentration of both FVIII and VWF was significantly higher in patients with cirrhosis than control subjects (p = 0.038 and 0.010 respectively). These results demonstrate that elevated plasma FVIII levels in liver cirrhosis are associated with increased hepatic biosynthesis of VWF and decreased expression of LRP, rather than increased FVIII synthesis.
Modelling and simulation of the fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) in measurement-while-drilling (MWD) processes (2009)

Gyroscopes are sensors that are used to determine angular velocity and position. Normally, magnetometers are used in horizontal drilling processes in oil industry to determine the azimuth of bottom hole assembly (BHA). Using magnetometers has some shortcomings in measuring earth's magnetic field due to downhole ore deposits; drill string-induced interference and geomagnetic influences. To overcome these problems, we propose using Fiber Optic Gyroscope (FOGs) as a better alternative in measurement-while-drilling (MWD) processes for determining the azimuth of the BHA. Computer modelling and simulation confirm that the FOG could result in a better accuracy and performance considering the severe downhole conditions.
A fully connected, distributed mesh feedback approach to photonic A/D conversion (2000)

Summary form only given.A novel approach to photonic A/D conversion using a distributed neural network, oversampling techniques, and a smart pixel hardware implementation is described. In this approach, the input signal is first sampled at a rate higher than that required by the Nyquist criterion and then presented spatially as the input to a two-dimensional error diffusion neural network consisting of X/spl times/Y neurons, each representing a pixel in the image space. We believe we have demonstrated the first dynamic operation of a 5 x 5 CMOS-SEED smart pixel implementation of the error diffusion neural network demonstrating the applicability of this new approach to high resolution photonic A/D conversion.
Science and technology of ammonia combustion (2018)

This paper focuses on the potential use of ammonia as a carbon-free fuel, and covers recent advances in the development of ammonia combustion technology and its underlying chemistry. Fulfilling the COP21 Paris Agreement requires the de-carbonization of energy generation, through utilization of carbon-neutral and overall carbon-free fuels produced from renewable sources. Hydrogen is one of such fuels, which is a potential energy carrier for reducing greenhouse-gas emissions. However, its shipment for long distances and storage for long times present challenges. Ammonia on the other hand, comprises 17.8% of hydrogen by mass and can be produced from renewable hydrogen and nitrogen separated from air. Furthermore, thermal properties of ammonia are similar to those of propane in terms of boiling temperature and condensation pressure, making it attractive as a hydrogen and energy carrier. Ammonia has been produced and utilized for the past 100 years as a fertilizer, chemical raw material, and refrigerant. Ammonia can be used as a fuel but there are several challenges in ammonia combustion, such as low flammability, high NOx emission, and low radiation intensity. Overcoming these challenges requires further research into ammonia flame dynamics and chemistry. This paper discusses recent successful applications of ammonia fuel, in gas turbines, co-fired with pulverize coal, and in industrial furnaces. These applications have been implemented under the Japanese ‘Cross-ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion Program (SIP): Energy Carriers’. In addition, fundamental aspects of ammonia combustion are discussed including characteristics of laminar premixed flames, counterflow twin-flames, and turbulent premixed flames stabilized by a nozzle burner at high pressure. Furthermore, this paper discusses details of the chemistry of ammonia combustion related to NOx production, processes for reducing NOx, and validation of several ammonia oxidation kinetics models. Finally, LES results for a gas-turbine-like swirl-burner are presented, for the purpose of developing low-NOx single-fuelled ammonia gas turbine combustors.
Coherent change detection of vehicle movements (1998)

The detection of the overland movement of large vehicles has been investigated using coherent change detection techniques applied to synthetic aperture radar data. Satellite data with a one day repeat was used. Initial results indicate that vehicle movements are detectable by distinctive low coherence values.
The Bajulaz Cycle: A Two-Chamber Internal Combustion Engine with Increased Thermal Efficiency (1986)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A new engine cycle, called the Bajulaz cycle, is introduced. The cycle has the unique characteristic that it utilizes two chambers, an air-heating chamber and combustion chamber. By allowing heat transfer from the combustion chamber to the air-heating chamber, the heat of combustion is used more efficiently leading to a higher thermal efficiency.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Utilizing an ideal thermodynamic cycle analysis, the thermal efficiency of the Bajulaz cycle is shown to depend only on the compression ratios based on the two chamber volumes and the fractional heat transfer between the two chambers. Based on predictions of peak temperature and pressure generated from the ideal cycle analysis, the Bajulaz engine is shown to be thermally more efficient and has lower NOx emission than the corresponding Otto engine. Combustion is shown to occur over a full 360° of crankshaft rotation in the Bajulaz engine. The Bajulaz engine thus does not have any restrictive requirement on ignition timing (as in an Otto engine) and on the timing and duration of fuel injection (as in a Diesel engine). It can also utilize multiple fuels including those with slow burning rate.</div>
A Zoomable Shopping Browser Using a Graphic-Treemap (2009)

Effective and efficient navigation and representation of the entire structure of the product catalog is one of the important factors for on-line market. This paper proposes an application using Treemaps visualization to enhance the functionality of online product category. We aim to develop high-quality catalog interfaces in terms of readability, understandability and comprehension by integrating graphics into Treemaps. We applied two types of Treemaps: (1) Slice-and-Dice Treemaps, (2) Squarified Treemaps, into the on-line catalog to address the "small window" problem allowing buyers to overview and navigate large product categories dynamically. We also use a history bar that locates on the top of each category and sub-category to provide a 2.5-dimensional view of contextual information.
New Test Arrangement for Measuring Electrical Treeing in Polymers (2007)

Electrical treeing in high voltage cable insulation has been studied for a number of years and today the mostly used laboratory test set-up is the needle-plane electrode configuration. In this thesis a different type of electrode configuration is described.The new electrode configuration makes use of a thin tungsten wire as the electrode that delivers the high and divergent electrical stress needed to initiate electrical tree growth in insulation material. Multiple electrical trees are formed during the testing, which allows determining the treeing initiation field as well as the rate of tree growth. A comparison between tree initiation conditions in samples prepared of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) materials indicates that electrical trees start to develop in LDPE material at lower fields than in XLPE. Two different mechanisms of tree initiation are identified in LDPE. Also the improvement of the treeing initiation field in XLPE by adding voltage stabilising additives is illustrated.
CD271/p75 <sup>NTR</sup> Inhibits the Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Osteogenic, Adipogenic, Chondrogenic, and Myogenic Lineages (2010)

We describe a novel role for CD271 in the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), including deciduous dental pulp stem cells (DDPSCs) and murine multipotent MSCs (C3H10T1/2 cells). The CD271(+) subpopulation of deciduous dental pulp cells (CD271(+)/DDPSCs) and the forced expression of CD271 in C3H10T1/2 (10T271) were analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. CD271 expression was detected in DDPSCs that expressed both CD44 and CD90, simultaneously, and the clonogenic capacity of the CD271(+)/DDPSCs was higher than that of the CD271(-)/DDPSCs that expressed both CD44 and CD90. Further, the differentiation of CD271(+)/DDPSCs into osteoblasts and adipocytes was inhibited although CD271(-)/DDPSCs were capable of differentiating into osteoblasts and adipocytes. CD271 was overexpressed in C3H10T1/2 cells, which have the potential to differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes, and myocytes. CD271 inhibited the differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells into any of these lineages. These results indicate a role for CD271 in inhibiting the differentiation of MSCs.
Image Registration and Multimodal Imaging of Reticular Pseudodrusen (2011)

Point-to-point correlation of registered IR, AF, and RF images consistently localizes the reticular pattern to the intervascular choroidal stroma on en face OCT sections. In contrast, subretinal deposits and disturbances of the inner outer segment on OCT did not colocalize with the RPD, and may represent secondary mechanical or biologic disturbances in the overlying RPE and outer retina.
Interleukin 1 induces the expression of a heat-shock gene in chondrocytes (1991)

The presence of T cells and antibodies reactive with heat-shock proteins (hsps) in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis may indicate a role of hsps in this disease. In the present study we examined whether increased temperature and interleukin 1 (IL 1), both of which are elevated in arthritic joints, induced the expression of two hsp70 genes in bovine chondrocyte cultures. We found that heat shock resulted in increased expression of constitutive and inducible hsp70 mRNA species. IL 1 and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) also induced an increase in the constitutive hsp70 mRNA species, but without affecting the expression of the inducible hsp70 gene. The increase induced by IL 1 was observed only after 3 h, whereas increases induced by PMA were observed within 1 h. For all treatments, the hsp70 mRNA decreased by 24 h. Heat treatment of chondrocytes did not affect levels of collagenase and caseinase activity in the medium, nor did it alter proteoglycan synthesis by these cells.
Mineral balance of finishing pigs fed copper sulfate or a copper-lysine complex at growth-stimulating levels. (1996)

Twenty-four crossbred barrows (average BW, 70.8 kg) were used to compare the digestibility of dry matter and the mineral absorption and retention by pigs fed two Cu sources. Dietary treatments were 1) basal (B) (16% CP corn-soybean meal-based diet, 36 mg/kg of Cu), 2) B + 200 mg/kg of Cu from CuSO4.5 H2O (CuSO4), and 3) B + 200 mg/kg of Cu from a copper lysine complex (CuLys). All diets contained equal lysine content and .05% chromic oxide for indirect determination of absorption. Two 7-d total collection periods were conducted. Pigs were fed 8% of metabolic BW (BW.75) divided into two equal feedings. Average daily gain tended to be higher for pigs fed CuLys than for pigs fed CuSO4 (P < .02). Dry matter digestibilities were similar (P > .10) among treatments. The absolute amount of Cu absorbed and retained was greater for pigs fed both Cu sources (P < .001) than for pigs fed the control diet. Iron and Zn intake and excretion and the percentage of Fe absorbed and retained were similar (P > .10) among treatment groups. Chromium intake and excretion in feces were not different (P > .10), with an average recovery of 93.8%. Indirect DM digestibility was similar to total collection values; however, mineral values were similar only after correction for Cr recovery. Pigs fed elevated Cu absorbed more Cu, with no difference between the two sources. Zinc and Fe absorption and retention were generally not affected (P > .10) by Cu addition or sources. The absorption and retention of Cu was similar for pigs fed growth-stimulative levels of Cu from CuSO4 or copper lysine complex.
Parametric Robust Control by Quantifier Elimination (2005)

Recently for multi-objective robust control design problems the methods based on quantifier elimination (QE) have been proposed. We show efficient robust control design methods based on special quantifier elimination algorithms.
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSITION METAL DERIVATIVES OF ARYL DIAZONIUM IONS PART 2, ARYLAZO DERIVATIVES OF SUBSTITUTED IRON CARBONYLS (1973)

Abstract Aryldiazoniumtetrafluoroborate reagieren mit Bis‐[phosphin]‐tricarbonyl‐Fe zu den beständigen Arylazo‐Derivaten (I), die durch IR‐, elektronen‐, NMR‐ und Mössbauer‐spektroskopische Daten charakterisiert werden.
Preparation and characterisation of superparamagnetic conductive polyester textile composites (1993)

We describe the preparation of superparamagnetic–conductive textile composites by a facile, two-step solution deposition process. First, colloidal magnetite particles (5–20 nm diameter) are adsorbed spontaneously onto the textile fibres (polyester, nylon, cotton etc.) from an aqueous dispersion utilising a simple dip-coat procedure. Secondly, these treated fibres are then further coated with a conducting polymer overlayer (polypyrrole). We have characterised the resulting textile composites by a wide range of techniques, including gravimetry, surface resistance and magnetisation measurements, scanning electron microscopy, atomic absorption spectrometry, atomic force microscopy and Rutherford back-scattering spectrometry.
Vitamin D deficiency in patients with intestinal malabsorption syndromes – think in and outside the gut (2015)

There is a very high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, which is defined by a serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] of lower than 20 ng/mL, in all populations of the world. Unfortunately, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with intestinal malabsorption syndromes, including cystic fibrosis (CF), celiac disease (CD), short bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is higher than that in the general population, indicating the presence of disease-specific causative factors. In this review, we aimed to present clinical findings to highlight the roles of insufficient exposure to sunlight and inflammation in the development of vitamin D deficiency in patients with intestinal malabsorption syndromes. Furthermore, we aimed to present experimental evidence that supported a role of vitamin D deficiency in the pathogenesis of IBD. Finally, we reviewed clinical intervention strategies aiming to normalize vitamin D status in and even to improve the conditions of patients and to discuss certain issues that needed to be addressed in future research.