gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Multilevel Mixed Topology Development to Improve Inverter Robustness for Domestic Photovoltaic Installations (2013)

Multilevel inverters are well used in grid connected domestic photovoltaic applications because of their ability to generate a very good quality of waveforms, reducing switching frequency, and their low voltage stress across the power devices. However, this kind of inverter has to be modified to both limit common-mode currents and improve the robustness of the system. This paper presents a new mixed 5-level inverter that meets these challenges. The operating principle of the converter is proposed. Several experimental measurements are described to validate this new concept. The output voltage and current and the THD of the output voltage are particularly discussed.
Diameter Control and Photoluminescence of ZnO Nanorods from Trialkylamines (2007)

A novel solution method to control the diameter of ZnO nanorods is reported. Small diameter (2-3 nm) nanorods were synthesized from trihexylamine, and large diameter (50–80 nm) nanorods were synthesized by increasing the alkyl chain length to tridodecylamine. The defect (green) emission of the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the nanorods varies with diameter, and can thus be controlled by the diameter control. The small ZnO nanorods have strong green emission, while the large diameter nanorods exhibit a remarkably suppressed green band. We show that this observation supports surface oxygen vacancies as the defect that gives rise to the green emission.
Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Recurrence Phenomena in Nonlinear Transmission Line (1980)

The recurrence phenomena in nonlinear transmission line are studied quantitatively. For various frequencies and amplitudes of the input sinusoidal wave, the recurrence length is measured. The experimental results are explained by a simple theory which assumes the velocity differences of solitons cause the recurrence phenomena.
aBEAT: A Toolbox for Consistent Analysis of Longitudinal Adult Brain MRI (2020)

Longitudinal brain image analysis is critical for revealing subtle but complex structural and functional changes of brain during aging or in neurodevelopmental disease. However, even with the rapid increase of clinical research and trials, a software toolbox dedicated for longitudinal image analysis is still lacking publicly. To cater for this increasing need, we have developed a dedicated 4D Adult Brain Extraction and Analysis Toolbox (aBEAT) to provide robust and accurate analysis of the longitudinal adult brain MR images. Specially, a group of image processing tools were integrated into aBEAT, including 4D brain extraction, 4D tissue segmentation, and 4D brain labeling. First, a 4D deformable-surface-based brain extraction algorithm, which can deform serial brain surfaces simultaneously under temporal smoothness constraint, was developed for consistent brain extraction. Second, a level-sets-based 4D tissue segmentation algorithm that incorporates local intensity distribution, spatial cortical-thickness constraint, and temporal cortical-thickness consistency was also included in aBEAT for consistent brain tissue segmentation. Third, a longitudinal groupwise image registration framework was further integrated into aBEAT for consistent ROI labeling by simultaneously warping a pre-labeled brain atlas to the longitudinal brain images. The performance of aBEAT has been extensively evaluated on a large number of longitudinal MR T1 images which include normal and dementia subjects, achieving very promising results. A Linux-based standalone package of aBEAT is now freely available at http://www.nitrc.org/projects/abeat.
Seismoelectric exploration (1997)

Seismoelectric effects are electromagnetic signals that arise when seismic waves stress earth materials. At least four are of interest to geophysicists: (1) the modulation by seismic stress of the resistivity of the earth through which steady currents flow; (2) seismically induced electrokinetic effects analogous to streaming potentials; (3) the piezoelectric effect; and (4) highly nonlinear processes that generate high audio frequency and radio frequency impulsive responses in sulfides.
Combinations of Polymorphisms in Genes Involved in the 5-Fluorouracil Metabolism Pathway Are Associated with Gastrointestinal Toxicity in Chemotherapy-Treated Colorectal Cancer Patients (2011)

Our results indicate that MTHFR activity and a specific combination of the MTHFR 1298A>C and TYMS 3'-UTR ins/del polymorphisms are possible predictors of 5-FU treatment-related toxicity.
Tax protein of human T-cell leukemia virus type I is required for maintenance of the transformed phenotype. (1992)

We have isolated and characterized revertants of a clonal cell line (40MRatcl-1) of human T-cell leukemia virus type I Tax-transformed Rat1 cells. The 40MRatcl-1 cells contain a single copy of tax gene, form large colonies in soft agar, elicit tumors rapidly in nude mice and revert to the normal phenotype at low frequency. From one of its subclones (B7) bearing pSV2gpt DNA as a marker gene, four morphologically reverse-transformed cell lines were isolated. They display contact inhibition at confluency, lose the ability to form colonies in soft agar, fail to form tumors in nude mice and restore the transformed phenotype similar to that of 40MRatcl-1 cells by transfection with the tax-expression plasmid. Southern blot analysis revealed that they have lost the tax gene. Our results indicate that transformation of Rat1 cells by Tax is not the consequence of secondary mutations of cellular genes and that tax functions are directly required for establishment and maintenance of the transformed phenotype.
A Brushless Exciter Model Incorporating Multiple Rectifier Modes and Preisach's Hysteresis Theory (2006)

A brushless excitation system model is set forth that includes an average-value rectifier representation that is valid for all three rectification modes. Furthermore, magnetic hysteresis is incorporated into the d-axis of the excitation using Preisach's theory. The resulting model is very accurate and is ideal for situations where the exciter's response is of particular interest. The model's predictions are compared to experimental results.
A generalized scheme for an all-digital time-division multiplex to frequency-division multiplex translator (1978)

A generalized scheme for an all-digital time-division multiplex (TDM) to frequency-division multiplex (FDM) translator is discussed. It is shown that existing systems for this translation, e.g., those in which a fast Fourier transform (FFT) processor is used, can be derived from this generalized scheme as special cases. Several new Implementations can also be derived from this scheme when different processors are used. A specific example using a Hadamard processor is discussed.
Ability of some strains of lactic acid bacteria to degrade phytic acid (1994)

Twelve strains of lactic acid bacteria were examined for their ability to degrade phytate. In media in which phytic acid was the source of phosphate, phytate degradation was observed. Phytate disappearance may however not only be due to phytase, as phytic acid coprecipitated with protein as a consequence of a fall in pH during fermentation.
High Temperature Solar Selective Coatings for Solar Power Central Receivers. (2013)

Abstract not provided.
3-D interpretation of reflected arrival times by finite-difference techniques (1994)

Abstract Finite-difference methods have generally been used to solve dynamic wave propagation problems over the last 25 years (Alterman and Karal, 1968; Boore, 1972; Kelly et al., 1976; and Levander, 1988). Recently, finite-difference methods have been applied to the eikonal equation to calculate the kinematic solution to the wave equation (Vidale, 1988 and 1990; Podvin and Lecomte, 1991; Van Trier and Symes, 1991; Qin et al., 1992). The calculation of the first-arrival times using this method has proven to be considerably faster than using classical ray tracing, and problems such as shadow zones, multipathing, and barrier penetration are easily handled. Podvin and Lecomte (1991) and Matsuoka and Ezaka (1992) extended and expanded upon Vidale’s (1988) algorithm to calculate traveltimes for reflected waves in two dimensions. Based on finite-difference calculations for first-arrival times, Hole et al. (1992) devised a scheme for inverting synthetic and real data to estimate the depth to refractors in the crust in three dimensions. The method of Hole et al. (1992) for inversion is computationally efficient since it avoids the matrix inversion of many of the published schemes for refraction and reflection traveltime data (Gjøystdal and Ursin, 1981).
Going Natural: Using polymers from nature for gastroresistant applications (2017)

Nutraceuticals provide an additional health or medicinal benefit besides their nutritional value and are therefore marketed for the prevention and treatment of certain conditions. Nutraceuticals contain natural ingredients, usually presented in the form of functional foods or as dietary supplements. Many of the ingredients are susceptible to degradation by gastric acid or can provoke nauseatic feelings or induce vomiting on oral administration. Gastroresistant coatings, widely researched and used in pharmaceuticals, employ enteric polymers which are not regarded as natural ingredients or do not possess GRAS (generally regarded as safe) status by the regulatory bodies, thus cannot be used for nutraceutical products. Consequently, most nutraceuticals are not formulated as gastroresistant and can therefore lack efficacy or are well tolerated. This manuscript provides a critical review of natural substances employed in producing gastroresistant products, their shortcomings, and potential industrial applications. It also identifies current gaps in our knowledge to encourage further research in this area.
Nucleotide receptors activate cation, potassium, and chloride currents in a liver cell line (1994)

By use of whole cell patch-clamp techniques, the effects of extracellular ATP on membrane ion currents of HTC cells from a rat liver tumor line were evaluated. ATP (500 microM) or the nonhydrolyzable analogue adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) caused sequential activation of three currents: Icat (-1,325 +/- 255 pA at -80 mV) occurred early, was due to increased Na+ and K+ permeability, was present in 56% of 64 consecutive cells, and rapidly inactivated; IK (274 +/- 45 pA at 0 mV) was present in 59% of cells and also inactivated; and ICl (1,172 +/- 237 pA at +60 mV) was present in 94% of studies, was sustained, and exhibited outward rectification of the current-voltage relation. All three currents were present in 39% of cells. Increasing intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) by exposure to the 5'-nucleotide receptor agonist UTP (500 microM) or to thapsigargin activated Icat and IK but not ICl, whereas increasing ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid in the pipette (> or = 5 mM) inhibited ATP-dependent activation of Icat and IK but not ICl. A P2x-preferring agonist alpha, beta-methylene ATP (500 microM) did not activate currents; a P2y-preferring agonist 2-methylthioadenosine triphosphate activated Icat and IK at concentrations of 500 microM but not 50 microM. In perforated patch recordings, ATP produced triphasic changes in membrane potential with initial depolarization due to Icat, subsequent hyperpolarization due to IK, and a later sustained depolarization due to ICl. These findings indicate that ATP modulates HTC cell ion permeability through initial activation of Icat and IK mediated by 5'-nucleotide receptors which mobilize [Ca2+], and sustained activation of ICl through a separate Ca(2+)-independent mechanism.
Photo-induced chemical vapor generation with formic acid for ultrasensitive atomic fluorescence spectrometric determination of mercury: potential application to mercury speciation in water (2005)

A new photochemical reaction for mercury chemical/cold vapor generation (CVG) coupled to atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) is described for the speciation analysis of inorganic mercury ion (Hg2+) and organic methylmercury (MeHg) in aqueous solution. The new CVG simply uses one reagent, formic acid only, to react with Hg2+ or MeHg in aqueous solution, under room natural light (Vis) or ultraviolet irradiation (UV), for the generation of cold mercury vapor, which is subsequently detected by AFS. In the presence of the UV, both Hg2+ and MeHg can be converted to Hg0 for the determination of total mercury; and only Hg2+ can be reduced to Hg0 with the Vis, thus determining Hg2+ only. Then, the concentration of MeHg can be calculated by subtracting the Hg2+ concentration from the total mercury concentration. The optimal conditions for the best CVG efficiency are discussed, together with the interference from transition metals. There exists no significant interference from as high as 100 mg L−1 Co2+ or Ni2+, and 50 mg L−1 Cu2+ for the determination of as low as 5 μg L−1 Hg2+. The new CVG minimizes the contamination sources and avoids off-line pre-oxidation of MeHg. A simple Hg2+ standard series can be used for the calibration of both Hg2+ and MeHg, eliminating the use of more toxic and more expensive MeHg standard series. The linear dynamic ranges of the calibration curves are up to 25 μg L−1 with the UV and 300 μg L−1 with the Vis. The limit of detection is 0.003 or 0.2 μg L−1 for total mercury with the UV or Hg2+ with the Vis, respectively. The accuracy of this method was validated by determination of mercury in one certified reference water sample. The new CVG is a simple, fast, green, highly selective, and ultrasensitive yet inexpensive method for the speciation analysis of Hg2+ and MeHg. It is expected to have similar applications in other analytical atomic spectrometric techniques.
Lead-free electrical conductive adhesives for solar cell interconnectors (2008)

The electrical properties of various lead-free electrically conductive adhesives are investigated. They are intended to replace the solder, which is normally used to connect the interconnector tapes to the busbar. Compared to solder joints conductive adhesives offer the advantage of lower contact formation temperature with reasonable low contact resistances.
Transepidermal water loss in dry and clinically normal skin in patients with atopic dermatitis (1985)

To obtain data on the function of the epidermal barrier in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was studied. Measurements were made on three body locations in two clinically well defined groups of patients with AD and in a control group. The TEWL was found to be increased both in dry non-eczematous skin and in clinically normal skin in patients with AD. The TEWL was highest in patients with dry skin. The result of the study may indicate a primary defect in the epidermal barrier: the stratum corneum.
Surgical swab foreign bodies--observations on 7 cases in Lagos. (2003)

Foreign bodies inadvertently left in body cavities are a rare complication of abdominal and other surgeries. The true incidence of this condition is not known. The author reports on 7 such cases occurring over a 16-year period and comments on preventive measures, early diagnosis, tactful handling and the need for damage control when dealing with this unwelcome issue in a surgical setting.
Low Power Approaches to High Speed CMOS Current Steering DACs (2006)

This paper discusses a number of circuit approaches which address lowering the power consumed by a modern current steering DAC while maintaining both DC and AC performance levels. An example design provides 14 bit resolution and 250 MSPS conversion rate in a 1P4M 0.18mum CMOS process, with optional 3.3 volt compatible devices. A power dissipation/conversion rate figure of merit of as low as 0.17 mW/MSPS was achieved for 1.8V operation and as low as 0.28 mW/MSPS at 3.3V. SFDR of 70 dB is achieved at a 50 MHz output frequency
Noise Monitoring of Optical Signals Using RF Spectrum Analysis and Its Application to Phase-Shift-Keyed Signals (2004)

The radio-frequency (RF) spectrum of an optical channel impaired by noncorrelated incoherent amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) is linked to the RF spectrum of the two sources and the RF spectrum of the ASE signal beat noise, which is proportional to the convolution of the spectral density of the two sources. This allows, essentially, dispersion-independent monitoring of noise on return-to-zero (RZ) phase-shift keyed signals using low bandwidth photodetection and electronics, which is experimentally demonstrated on a 10-Gb/s 50% RZ differential phase-shift-keyed signal.
Teaching Chinese Handwriting by Automatic Feedback and Analysis for Incorrect Stroke Sequence and Stroke Production Errors (2006)

Writing Chinese character is not trivial and people often commit stroke sequence error and stroke production errors. In this paper, we propose a web-based education system which allows users to practice Chinese handwriting freely. An Automatic Feedback and Analysis (AFA) tool is introduced to the system which can automatically check both the stroke sequence errors and stroke production errors by analyzing the online data of the learner's input character. Feedback will be provided if the learner commits errors in the stroke sequence and/or during stroke production. Experimental results demonstrated that our method can check multiple handwriting errors with encouraging accuracy. User studies showed that the learning time is shorter if our proposed system is used.
Potassium channel openers are likely to be proarrhythmic in the diseased human heart (1994)

Journal Article Potassium channel openers are likely to be proarrhythmic in the diseased human heart Get access Shawn C Black, Shawn C Black Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, M6322 Medical Science Building 1, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0626, USA: S C Black, B R Lucchesi. Correspondence to Dr Lucchesi. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Benedict R Lucchesi Benedict R Lucchesi Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, M6322 Medical Science Building 1, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0626, USA: S C Black, B R Lucchesi. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 6, June 1994, Pages 923–924, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.6.923 Published: 01 June 1994
Tris(<i>tert-</i>butoxy)siloxy Complexes as Single-Source Precursors to Homogeneous Zirconia- and Hafnia-Silica Materials. An Alternative to the Sol-Gel Method (1997)

The tris(tert-butoxy)siloxy complexes M[OSi(OtBu)3]4 (1, M = Zr and 2, M = Hf) are efficient single-source precursors to homogeneous zirconia-silica and hafnia-silica materials. The ceramic conversions occur pyrolytically at low temperatures, give the theoretical yield for MO2·4SiO2 compositions, and occur without the incorporation of carbon. Compounds 1 and 2 are isomorphous, and crystallize as a mixture of two isomers. One isomer contains a 4-coordinate metal center, while the other is 5-coordinate and features a chelating η2-OSi(OtBu)3 ligand. The solid-state transformation of 1 to ZrO2·4SiO2 produces an open, fibrous material that is somewhat ordered with pores which are ∼20 nm in diameter. The solution-phase thermolysis of 1 produces a xerogel composed of small primary particles (≤∼5 nm). This xerogel possesses a high surface area (700 m2 g-1 for samples heated to 200 °C). Solutions of the precursors have been used to cast crack-free thin films of MO2·4SiO2. The MO2·4SiO2 materials are amorphous as initially formed, and subsequent crystallizations of tetragonal ZrO2, monoclinic ZrO2, and cristobalite occur at relatively high temperatures. The enhanced stabilization of the amorphous and tetragonal phases of zirconia, relative to those derived from many sol-gel systems, implies that these single-source precursors initially produce homogeneous materials and that subsequent crystallizations are to a large degree diffusion-controlled. Homogeneity in the initially formed ZrO2·4SiO2 material is also suggested by solid-state 29Si NMR spectra. The molecular route to oxide materials described here represents an alternative to the sol-gel method and may offer certain advantages.
Comparison of Blood Smear, Antigen Detection, and Nested-PCR Methods for Screening Refugees from Regions Where Malaria Is Endemic after a Malaria Outbreak in Quebec, Canada (2004)

The importation of malaria into a region where it is not endemic raises many concerns, including the timely delivery of appropriate care, safety of the blood supply, and the risk of autochthonous transmission. There is presently no consensus on the best way to screen mobile populations for malaria. Between August 2000 and March 2001, 535 refugees arrived in Quebec, Canada, from Tanzanian camps. Within 4 weeks of resettlement of the first group of 224, the McGill University Centre for Tropical Diseases noted an outbreak of malaria across the province (15 cases over a 3-week period). This group (group 1) was traced and screened for malaria between 3 and 4 months after arrival in Canada. Subsequent groups of 106 and 205 refugees were screened immediately upon arrival in Canada (group 2) and immediately prior to their departure from refugee camps (group 3), respectively. A single EDTA-blood sample was obtained from 521 refugees for testing by thick and thin blood smears (groups 1 and 2), antigen detection (ICT Malaria Pf and OptiMAL; group 1 only), and nested PCR (all groups). Overall, 98 of 521 refugees were found to be infected (18.8%). The vast majority of infections (81 of 98) were caused by Plasmodium falciparum alone. Using PCR as the "gold standard," both microscopy (sensitivity, 50%; specificity, 100%) and antigen detection (ICT sensitivity, 37.5%; ICT specificity, 100%; OptiMAL sensitivity, 29.1%; OptiMAL specificity, 95.6%) performed poorly. None of the PCR-positive subjects were symptomatic at the time of testing, and only two had recently had symptoms compatible with malaria (with or without diagnosis and treatment). Active surveillance of migrants from regions of intense malaria transmission can reduce the risk of morbidity in the migrant population and mitigate against transmission to the host population. Our data demonstrate that PCR is, by far, the most powerful tool for such surveillance.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Induces Lipopolysaccharide Tolerance in a Human Adenocarcinoma Cell Line Mainly through the TNF p55 Receptor (1995)

This study demonstrates that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mediates induction of transcription factor NF kappa B and activation of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter-enhancer in the SW480 cell line. These cells do not express a functional membrane CD14. The LPS response in SW480 cells was weaker and markedly slower than the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) response. Pretreatment with TNF for 72 h inhibited both TNF, tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) p55, TNFR p75, and LPS-mediated activation of nuclear factor -kappa B (NF kappa B), whereas pretreatment with LPS only inhibited the LPS response. TNFR p55 antibody pretreatment resulted in marked inhibition of the LPS response, while pretreatment with TNFR p75 antiserum only had a weak inhibitory effect. Flowcytometric analysis showed that LPS binding as well as expression of TNFR p55 and TNFR p75 were not affected by LPS or TNF pretreatment, indicating that the observed inhibition is not due to reduction of specific binding sites at the cell surface. The results suggest that LPS signaling in SW480 cells involves intracellular components which may be depleted or inactivated via TNFR p55, indicating that the LPS and TNFR p55 pathways overlap. We propose that TNFR p55 can mediate activation of NF kappa B and cytomegalovirus promoter-enhancer in SW480 cells via two distinct mechanisms, one which is activated only via TNFR p55 and leads to rapid activation of NF kappa B, and another which is overlapping with the LPS pathway.