gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transient hydraulic fracturing and gas release in methane hydrate settings: A case study from southern Hydrate Ridge (2011)

Episodic seafloor methane venting is associated with focused fluid flow through fracture systems at many sites worldwide. We investigate the relationship between hydraulic fracturing and transient gas pressures at southern Hydrate Ridge, offshore Oregon, USA. Two colocated seismic surveys, acquired 8 years apart, at Hydrate Ridge show seismic amplitude variations interpreted as migration of free gas in a permeable conduit, Horizon A, feeding an active methane hydrate province. The geophysical surveys also reveal transients in gas venting to the water column. We propose that episodic gas migration and pressure fluctuations in the reservoir underlying the regional hydrate stability zone (RHSZ) at southern Hydrate Ridge influence methane supply to the RHSZ and are linked with periodic fracturing and seafloor methane venting. We model the effect of pore pressure variations within the deep methane source on fracturing behavior with a 1D model that couples multiphase flow, hydrate accumulation, and pore pressure buildup. As the reservoir pressure increases, fractures open when the pore pressure exceeds the hydrostatic vertical effective stress. Gas then flows through the fractures and vents at the seafloor while hydrate precipitates in the fracture system. We show that active seafloor gas venting occurs for approximately 30 years, and that the available methane reservoir is exhausted 30 to 55 years after the onset of pressure buildup. This provides important constraints on the time scale of transient fluid flow at southern Hydrate Ridge, and illustrates how pore pressure pulses affect fluid flow and fracturing behavior in active methane hydrate provinces.
ggmap: Spatial Visualization with ggplot2 (2013)

In spatial statistics the ability to visualize data and models superimposed with their basic social landmarks and geographic context is invaluable. ggmap is a new tool which enables such visualization by combining the spatial information of static maps from Google Maps, OpenStreetMap, Stamen Maps or CloudMade Maps with the layered grammar of graphics implementation of ggplot2. In addition, several new utility functions are introduced which allow the user to access the Google Geocoding, Distance Matrix, and Directions APIs. The result is an easy, consistent and modular framework for spatial graphics with several convenient tools for spatial data analysis.
Sample Enrichment Techniques for a Gas Chromatograph/Mass Spectrometer Analysis System (1968)

Journal Article Sample Enrichment Techniques for a Gas Chromatograph/Mass Spectrometer Analysis System Get access Daniel P. Lucero, Daniel P. Lucero Electro-Analytical Transducer Corporation, Fullerton, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Floyd C. Haley Floyd C. Haley Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Chromatographic Science, Volume 6, Issue 9, September 1968, Pages 477–482, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/6.9.477 Published: 01 September 1968 Article history Received: 18 January 1968 Published: 01 September 1968
Commercial Application of Flame-Resistant Finishes (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCommercial Application of Flame-Resistant FinishesRobert W. Little, James M. Church, and Sydney CoppickCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1950, 42, 3, 432–440Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50483a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50483a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views95Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Zero-Chain: A Blockchain-Based Identity for Digital City Operating System (2020)

The challenges of population management as urban density increase globally have compelled researchers and developers to consider more efficient means of managing resources in cities. Consequently, the smart city concept has emerged as a response to addressing the challenge of optimal resource utilization in urban centers. However, with digital technologies proliferating as key components of the solution, it is necessary to develop a digital identity solution for all components of the smart city environment. For completeness, the solution must encompass all entities, including physical and intangible assets, processes, and most importantly, its residents. Consequently, a unified, distributed data integration and efficient analysis platform is required: the digital city operating system. In this article, we focus on a key component of digital city management in the form of secure identification of individual residents. We collect user attributes and securely transmit them to other system components for verification. Upon successful completion of the verification process, a digital identity is created for the applying resident and the set of transactions leading to the ID creation are stored in the blockchain. Our system is secure and can serve as the basis for the development of a digital infrastructure for smart city management.
Voice activity detection over multiresolution subspaces (2002)

In this paper, voice activity detection (VAD) is posed as a binary detection problem of an unknown speech signal in both stationary (vehicular) and nonstationary (babble) noise environments. Optimal detection methods are applied on the wavelet transform coefficients of a signal segment to determine the presence of speech. Theoretical analysis is done to justify the effectiveness of multiresolution decomposition on the computation of the noise eigenvalues and vectors and sufficient statistics. VAD results are compared to optimal detection without wavelet transformation and to an energy based method which is used as control. The results show the superiority of the proposed method as increased accuracy in detection.
Adhesive Bonding of Wood (1975)

Summarizes current information on bonding wood into dependable, long-lasting products. Characteristics of wood that affect gluing are detailed, as well a s types of adhesives and processes to be used for various conditions.
A mechanism for salt-sensitive hypertension: abnormal dietary sodium-mediated vascular response to angiotensin-II (2010)

Hypertensive individuals have an abnormal vascular response to ANGII infusion on a high-salt diet. Dysregulated tissue renin-angiotensin system activity may play a role in this abnormal response. These findings raise an intriguing novel possibility for the pathophysiologic mechanism of salt-sensitive hypertension.
Phospho-Tau Bar Code: Analysis of Phosphoisotypes of Tau and Its Application to Tauopathy (2018)

Tau is a microtubule-associated protein which regulates the assembly and stability of microtubules in the axons of neurons. Tau is also a major component of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), a pathological hallmark in Alzheimer's disease (AD). A characteristic of AD tau is hyperphosphorylation with more than 40 phosphorylation sites. Aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau are also found in other neurodegenerative diseases which are collectively called tauopathies. Although a large number of studies have been performed on the phosphorylation of AD tau, it is not known if there is disease-specific phosphorylation among tauopathies. This is due to the lack of a proper method for analyzing tau phosphorylation <i>in vivo</i>. Most previous phosphorylation studies were conducted using a range of phosphorylation site-specific antibodies. These studies describe relative changes of different phosphorylation sites, however, it is hard to estimate total, absolute and collective changes in phosphorylation. To overcome these problems, we have recently applied the Phos-Tag technique to the analysis of tau phosphorylation <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. This method separates tau into many bands during SDS-PAGE depending on its phosphorylation states, creating a bar code appearance. We propose calling this banding pattern of tau the "phospho-tau bar code." In this review article, we describe what is newly discovered regarding tau phosphorylation through the use of the Phos-Tag. We would like to propose its use for the postmortem diagnosis of tauopathy which is presently done by immunostaining diseased brains with anti-phospho-antibodies. While Phos-tag SDS-PAGE, like other biochemical assays, will lose morphological information, it could provide other types of valuable information such as disease-specific phosphorylation.
Coronary Heart Disease and Iron Status (1999)

Published prospective studies do not provide good evidence to support the existence of strong epidemiological associations between iron status and CHD.
A Taxonomic Review of the Genera Kitasatosporia and Streptoverticillium by Analysis of Ribosomal Protein AT-L30 (1994)

An analysis of the ribosomal AT-L30 proteins from 42 strains of 35 species belonging to the genera Streptomyces, Streptoverticillium, and Kitasatosporia and related genera revealed that all of the members of the genera Streptoverticillium and Kitasatosporia examined had the same sequence as Streptomyces exfoliatus or a highly homologous sequence and exhibited high levels of relatedness to Streptomyces lavendulae. These results strongly support the previous suggestion of Witt and Stackebrandt (D. Witt and E. Stackebrandt, Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 13:361-371, 1990) and Wellington et al. (E. M. H. Wellington, E. Stackebrandt, D. Sanders, J. Wolstrup, and N. O. G. Jorgensen, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 42:156-160, 1992) that the genera Streptoverticillium and Kitasatosporia should be united with the genus Streptomyces on the basis of 16S rRNA data.
The SCFFBW7 ubiquitin ligase complex as a tumor suppressor in T cell leukemia (2007)

Recent studies have shown that activating mutations of NOTCH1 are responsible for the majority of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cases. Most of these mutations truncate its C-terminal domain, a region that is important for the NOTCH1 proteasome-mediated degradation. We report that the E3 ligase FBW7 targets NOTCH1 for ubiquitination and degradation. Our studies map in detail the amino acid degron sequence required for NOTCH1-FBW7 interaction. Furthermore, we identify inactivating FBW7 mutations in a large fraction of human T-ALL lines and primary leukemias. These mutations abrogate the binding of FBW7 not only to NOTCH1 but also to the two other characterized targets, c-Myc and cyclin E. The majority of the FBW7 mutations were present during relapse, and they were associated with NOTCH1 HD mutations. Interestingly, most of the T-ALL lines harboring FBW7 mutations were resistant to gamma-secretase inhibitor treatment and this resistance appeared to be related to the stabilization of the c-Myc protein. Our data suggest that FBW7 is a novel tumor suppressor in T cell leukemia, and implicate the loss of FBW7 function as a potential mechanism of drug resistance in T-ALL.
ARGUS: Adaptive Recognition for General Use System (2011)

In recent years, the need for computer vision systems is increasing in various fields, such as security and visual inspection. It is crucial there to realize simple and high-speed practical vision systems. The present paper addresses the author's theoretical research and its applications developed thus far in working toward this goal. First, the problem of the conventional approach is pointed out, and the general framework of pattern recognition, in particular the feature extraction theory, is referred to as the theoretical foundation. Next, a scheme of adaptive vision system with learning capability is presented, which comprises two stages of feature extraction, namely, Higher-order Local Auto-Correlation and multivariate data analysis. Several applications are demonstrated, showing the flexible and effective performance of the proposed scheme.
D-BMAP18 Antimicrobial Peptide Is Active In vitro, Resists to Pulmonary Proteases but Loses Its Activity in a Murine Model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lung Infection (2017)

The spread of antibiotic resistant-pathogens is driving the search for new antimicrobial compounds. Pulmonary infections experienced by cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are a dramatic example of this health-care emergency. Antimicrobial peptides could answer the need for new antibiotics but translating them from basic research to the clinic is a challenge. We have previously evaluated the potential of the small membranolytic peptide BMAP-18 to treat CF-related infections, discovering that while this molecule had a good activity <i>in vitro</i> it was not active <i>in vivo</i> because of its rapid degradation by pulmonary proteases. In this study, we synthesized and tested the proteases-resistant all-<i>D</i> enantiomer. In spite of a good antimicrobial activity against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i> clinical isolates and of a tolerable cytotoxicity <i>in vitro, D</i>-BMAP18 was ineffective to treat <i>P. aeruginosa</i> pulmonary infection in mice, in comparison to tobramycin. We observed that different factors other than peptide degradation hampered its efficacy for pulmonary application. These results indicate that <i>D</i>-BMAP18 needs further optimization before being suitable for clinical application and this approach may represent a guide for optimization of other anti-infective peptides eligible for the treatment of pulmonary infections.
Challenging a Stereotype: Female Nature in Rape of the Lock and "Saturday. Small-Pox. Flavia." (2018)

Due to events such as the Civil War, Interregnum, Restoration, and the rise of the bourgeois, England’s national identity was subject to change during the eighteenth century. Along with this large-scale change came a questioning of the meaning of gender and gender roles. Because of the relatively new forms of written media, like newspapers and journals, both men and women of various social standings could engage in a literary discussion about such questions. This essay focuses on two poets in particular: Alexander Pope and Lady Mary Wortley Montagu. Pope’s Rape of the Lock and Montagu’s “Saturday. Small-Pox. Flavia.” hyperbolize society’s view of women in order to reveal the flaws of the stereotype. For instance, both Belinda and Flavia consider beauty to be the most powerful and admirable female trait, so when they lose their beauty, they are both devastated. Both poems suggest causes and solutions for the situation of women at the time that are related but significantly different from one another. “Saturday. Small-Pox. Flavia.” suggests that women only obsess over beauty because it is the only thing that society admires in women. Consequently, it is society, not the individual woman, that must change in order to create a forgiving environment. However, Rape of the Lock claims that women have the power to change society’s view by adopting “good sense” and thus gaining admiration through actions rather than appearance.
The Use of Dyes as Temperature Indicators (1923)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Use of Dyes as Temperature IndicatorsPaul A. KoberCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1923, 15, 8, 837–838Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1923Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1923https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50164a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50164a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views112Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Clinical trials with a new intravenous liposoluble contrast material for computed tomography of the liver and spleen. (1980)

Ten patients with disseminated cancer were given intravenous injections of 0.2 ml/kg (40 mg l/kg) of the experimental contrast material EOE 13. Ct scans of the liver and spleen were taken prior to and 30 minutes after contrast infusion. Visualization of the liver was significantly improved in 5, moderately improved in 3, and not appreciably improved in 2. The spleen showed an obvious increase in density in all cases. No significant toxicity was encountered: untoward side effects consisted of fever, headaches, foul metallic taste, and weakness for a short period. Four patients had no side effects, and 2 experienced only abnormal taste sensation. Further experimental and clinical work is needed before the advantages and safety of this contrast material can be documented.
Microwave photonic filter with reconfigurable and tunable bandpass response using integrated optical signal processor based on microring resonator (2013)

A bandpass microwave photonic filter based on an integrated optical signal processor is proposed and demonstrated by numerical simulation. The optical signal processor consisting of double-bus-coupled and series-cascaded silicon microrings (MRs) is used to produce two bandpass responses to process optical carrier signal and sideband signal separately. Because of the tunability of MRs, variable −3 dB bandwidth and tunable operating frequency are achieved. The −3 dB bandwidth and operating frequency can be tuned from 1.5 to 12 GHz and from 15 to 34 GHz, respectively. The loss impact, tuning method, and fabrication error tolerance are also discussed.
Nanometer-Scale Force Detected Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2013)

Abstract : Nanometer-scale magnetic resonance imaging (Nano-MRI) has the potential to be a powerful tool to investigate and characterize materials. The goal of the proposed research program is to develop fundamentally new approaches in force-detected magnetic resonance techniques and achieve nanometer-scale nuclear spin imaging by: (1) achieving sub-attonewton force sensitivity using ultra-sensitive rf nanowire mechanical resonators, (2) generating intense pulsed field gradients greater than 106 T/m on the nanometer scale, (3) developing efficient spin imaging protocols using time-dependent B_0 and B_1 gradients, compatible with imaging statistical polarization. During the first year of the ARO grant, we developed a new method for nanometer-scale pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. In the first proof-of-concept experiments, we demonstrated two-dimensional Fourier transform images of proton spins in a polystyrene sample with 10 nm spatial resolution. This new paradigm in force-detected NMR allows well-established spectroscopic and imaging pulsed NMR techniques to be applied to the nanometer scale. In the coming year, our goal is to extend the spatial resolution to be between 1-3-nm, obtain three-dimensional tomographic images, and perform high-resolution NMR spectroscopy on the nanometer scale.
The new extended JPEG coder with variable quantizer using block wavelet transform (1997)

This paper describe the new extended JPEG coder with variable quantizer using the block wavelet transform which has more flexibility in representing the image dye to a pyramid-like multiresolution decomposition. We replace the discrete cosine transform (DCT) module by block-wise discrete wavelet transform (BDWT) module while keeping all the building blocks of the JPEG extension coder. In addition, we generate the variable quantization matrix (Q-matrix) based on the human visual system (HVS) and utilize the activity of the each block to control the bit and image quality. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme has substantially better performance than the JPEG extensions.
Tracking the Putative Biosynthetic Precursors of Oxygenated Mycolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2003)

Disruption of the mma4 gene (renamed hma) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has yielded a mutant strain defective in the synthesis of both keto- and methoxymycolates, with an altered cell-wall permeability to small molecules and a decreased virulence in the mouse model of infection (Dubnau, E., Chan, J., Raynaud, C., Mohan, V. P., Lanéelle, M. A., Yu, K., Quémard, A., Smith, I., and Daffé, M. (2000) Mol. Microbiol. 36, 630-637). Assuming that the mutant would accumulate the putative precursors of the oxygenated mycolates of M. tuberculosis, a detailed structural analysis of mycolates from the hma-inactivated strain was performed using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, proton NMR spectroscopy, and chemical degradation techniques. These consisted most exclusively of alpha-mycolates, composed of equal amounts of C(76)-C(82) dicyclopropanated (alpha(1)) and of C(77)-C(79) monoethylenic monocyclopropanated (alpha(2)) mycolates, the double bond being located at the "distal" position. In addition, small amounts of cis-epoxymycolates, structurally related to alpha(2)-mycolates, was produced by the mutant strain. Complementation of the hma-inactivated mutant with the wild-type gene resulted in the disappearance of the newly identified mycolates and the production of keto- and methoxymycolates of M. tuberculosis. Introduction of the hma gene in Mycobacterium smegmatis led to the lowering of diethylenic alpha mycolates of the recipient strain and the production of keto- and hydroxymycolates. These data indicate that long-chain ethylenic compounds may be the precursors of the oxygenated mycolates of M. tuberculosis. Because the lack of production of several methyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of mycolates is known to decrease the virulence of the tubercle bacillus, the identification of the substrates of these enzymes should help in the design of inhibitors of the growth of M. tuberculosis.