gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Allium Chemistry: Identification of Natural Abundance Organoselenium Compounds in Human Breath after Ingestion of Garlic Using Gas Chromatography with Atomic Emission Detection (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAllium Chemistry: Identification of Natural Abundance Organoselenium Compounds in Human Breath after Ingestion of Garlic Using Gas Chromatography with Atomic Emission DetectionXiao-Jia Cai, Eric Block, Peter C. Uden, Bruce D. Quimby, and James J. SullivanCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1995, 43, 7, 1751–1753Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00055a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00055a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views529Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A RETROSPECTIVE VIEW AND CONSIDERATION OF INDIA AFFAIRS (2011)

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Modulation of the effects of mutations in the basic region of the OmpA signal peptide by the mature portion of the protein. (1988)

Oligonucleotide-directed site-specific mutagenesis was used to study the structure-function relationship of the positively charged amino terminus of the Escherichia coli outer membrane protein OmpA signal peptide. Mutations were isolated which reduced the overall charge of the amino-terminal region from +2 (wild type) to +1, 0, and -1, as well as one mutation from Thr to Ser at position 4. DNA encoding the wild type and mutant OmpA signal peptides was then fused in-frame to DNA encoding the mature regions of Staphylococcus aureus nuclease A and TEM beta-lactamase. In the case of both the beta-lactamase and nuclease fusions, normal processing was no longer observed when the charge at the amino terminus was reduced to zero or made negative. Differences between the two hybrid proteins were observed in the case of the Thr to Ser mutation. As expected, this mutation had no effect on the beta-lactamase hybrid; however, the processing rate of the nuclease hybrid protein was reduced to nearly one-half. Furthermore, this effect was essentially reversed when a Lys residue at position 3 was deleted. A model is presented which explains the differing effects of a signal peptide mutation on the secretion of different hybrid proteins based on kinetic differences in the translocation of the nuclease and beta-lactamase proteins.
Magnetic Separation and Hydrodynamic Interactions in Micro∞uidic Systems (2005)

Magnetic bead manipulation, in particular separation, in microfluidic systems is a technique which offers to simplify and integrate separation and rinsing procedures for minute samples of biological material. We study the physics of magnetic bead motion in such systems. The force on a body in a magnetic field is determined from principles of thermodynamics. From that result, the force between two spherical linearly paramagnetic particles immersed in an external magnetic field is derived provided that they are well separated. Furthermore, we find the magnetic dipole moments that two linearly paramagnetic spherical particles induce in one another; both being immersed in an external magnetic field. The leading magnetic interaction force decays as particle separation to the power −3. The hydrodynamic interaction, which stems from the fluid motion set about by particles moving in a viscous fluid, is shown to decay with separation to the power −1 by means of hydrodynamic Green’s functions. The magnetic interaction decays much faster with separation. This significantly influences the dynamics of magnetic bead motion which is illustrated through numerical simulations that study individual beads. Instead of adding more and more beads on an individual basis, we go on to treat the beads as a continuum described by a distribution that is coupled to the problem of fluid flow in a model microfluidic channel. This shows that hydrodynamic interactions help the capturing of magnetic beads and that this depends on the concentration of beads. An effort is underway to test this prediction in experiments. Finally, we have derived an analytic framework for the description of the slow motion of spherical particles in a viscous fluid in confined geometries. This enables us to derive a first approximation to the mobility of a spherical particle at the centre of a cube filled with viscous fluid.
Liver-Derived Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (Gelatinase B) Recruits Progenitor Cells from Bone Marrow into the Blood Circulation. (2003)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in invasive cell behavior, embryonic development and organ remodeling. In this report, we investigated the role of liver-derived MMP-9 in the in vivo system at liver injury. Liver injury induced MMP-9 expression in the liver 3 to 12 h after intravenous administration of anti-Fas antibody, followed by the expression of the activity and the protein detected by zymography and Western blotting, respectively, in the blood circulation. Interestingly, the MMP-9 expression was accompanied by the recruitment of hematopoietic progenitor cells from bone marrow into the circulation. The recruitment was blocked by a specific MMP-9 inhibitor, R94138, which did not affect the Fas-mediated liver injury or induced expression of MMP-9. Compulsive expression of mutant active MMP-9 in the liver also recruited the progenitor cells into the circulation. In contrast, partial hepatectomy, which treatment does not directly injure hepatocytes, did not recruit progenitor cells despite the increased expression of MMP-9 in the circulation. These results suggest that liver-derived MMP-9 induced by liver injury plays an essential role in the recruitment of hematopoietic progenitor cells from bone marrow into the blood circulation.
Separation of Isotopes in Space and Time by Gas-Surface Atomic Diffraction (2017)

The separation of isotopes in space and time by gas-surface atomic diffraction is presented as a new means for isotopic enrichment. A supersonic beam of natural abundance neon is scattered from a periodic surface of methyl-terminated silicon, with the ^{20}Ne and ^{22}Ne isotopes scattering into unique diffraction channels. Under the experimental conditions presented in this Letter, a single pass yields an enrichment factor 3.50±0.30 for the less abundant isotope, ^{22}Ne, with extension to multiple passes easily envisioned. The velocity distribution of the incident beam is demonstrated to be the determining factor in the degree of separation between the isotopes' diffraction peaks. In cases where there is incomplete angular separation, the difference in arrival times of the two isotopes at a given scattered angle can be exploited to achieve complete temporal separation of the isotopes. This study explores the novel application of supersonic molecular beam studies as a viable candidate for separation of isotopes without the need for ionization or laser excitation.
The radiosynthesis of nca [<i>O‐methyl</i>‐<sup>11</sup>C]viqualine, through an <i>N</i>‐trityl‐protected intermediate, as a potential pet radioligand for 5HT re‐uptake sites (1990)

Abstract Viqualine, {4‐[3‐[3( R )‐ethenyl‐4( R )‐piperidinyl]propyl]‐6‐methoxyquinoline}, has been labelled in the O ‐methyl position with no‐carrier‐added (nca) carbon‐11 ( t 1/2 = 20.4 min; β + = 99.8%) to provide a potential radioligand for PET studies of 5HT re‐uptake sites. Direct treatment of desmethyl ‐viqualine with nca [ 11 C]iodomethane gave [ O‐methyl ‐ 11 C]viqualine as only a minor product. NMR data suggested that the dominant product is that from the [ 11 C]alkylation of the competing piperidino‐nitrogen. Protection of this nitrogen with the trityl group, followed by treatment with nca [ 11 C]iodomethane in dimethyl sulphoxide with sodium hydroxide as base, and then rapid deprotection by mild acid hydrolysis gave nca [ O‐methyl ‐ 11 C]viqualine as the main crude product (27% radiochemical yield, decay‐corrected from [ 11 C]iodomethane). Radiochemically and chemically pure nca [ O‐methyl ‐ 11 C]viqualine was obtained by work up on C18 Sep‐pak followed by reverse phase HPLC. The radiosynthesis, including final formulation for i.v. administration, takes 56 min after producing the carbon‐11 as [ 11 C]carbon dioxide by the 14 N(p,α) 11 C reaction. This radiosynthesis illustrates the potential utility of the trityl group for the protection of nitrogen in rapid carbon‐11 radiochemistry.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of TiN from Tetrakis(dimethylamido)titanium and Ammonia:  Kinetics and Mechanistic Studies of the Gas-Phase Chemistry (1996)

The gas-phase kinetics of the reaction of tetrakis(dimethylamido)titanium (Ti(NMe2)4) with NH3 have been measured using a flow tube reactor and FTIR spectrometer. Ti(NMe2)4 reacts rapidly with NH3 in a transamination reaction to form HNMe2 as a direct product. The bimolecular rate constant for the reaction of Ti(NMe2)4 with NH3 at 24 °C is k = (1.2 ± 0.2) × 10-16 cm3 molecules-1 s-1. A primary kinetic isotope effect of kH/kD = 2.6 ± 0.4 is observed with ND3 indicating that cleavage of an N−H bond is the rate limiting step. Therefore the rate constant is assigned to the initial transamination reaction with NH3. The temperature dependence of the rate constant gives activation parameters of log(𝒜) = −10.0 ± 0.2 (ΔS† = −19 cal/(mol K)) and Ea = 8.1 ± 0.1 kcal/mol (ΔH† = 6.9 ± 0.1 kcal/mol). When excess HNMe2 is added to the gas flow, the reaction rate is strongly suppressed. This is evidence for a reversible initial transamination reaction: Ti(NMe2)4 + NH3 ⇄ (Me2N)3Ti−NH2 + HNMe2. The proposed mechanism for subsequent reaction is elimination of HNMe2: (Me2N)3Ti−NH2 → (Me2N)2TiNH + HNMe2. From the dependence of the observed rate constant on HNMe2, the branching ratio is obtained for the above elimination reaction versus reaction with HNMe2: (Me2N)3Ti−NH2 + HNMe2 → Ti(NMe2)4 + NH3. The relevance of these results to the chemical vapor deposition of TiN by this chemistry is discussed.
Up-Regulation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-5 Is Independent of Muscle Cell Differentiation, Sensitive to Rapamycin, But Insensitive to Wortmannin and LY294002<sup>1</sup> (1998)

Skeletal myoblast differentiation is stimulated by insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). The autocrine action of IGFs is mediated through the type-1 IGF receptor (IGFR-1) and modulated by IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) secreted by the cells. The mouse C2 myoblast cell line stably transfected with a vector producing IGF-II antisense RNA was used to show that specific IGFBP expression changes with the state of the cells: high levels of IGFBP-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) were found only in proliferating myoblasts, whereas IGFBP-3 mRNA was induced in quiescent cells. Secretion of IGFBP5 was strongly stimulated during differentiation. Insulin and IGF dose-response experiments showed that up-regulation of IGFBP-5 resulted from IGFR-1 activation. Drugs interfering with IGFR-1 signaling and inhibiting myoblast differentiation had different effects on IGFBP-5 up-regulation. Two phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) inhibitors, wortmaninn and LY294002 [2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one], failed to alter IGFBP-5 up-regulation, which persisted in the absence of differentiation. Rapamycin which indirectly prevents activation of the p70 ribosomal protein-S6 kinase (p70S6k), suppressed IGFBP-5 induction. Because the PI3-kinase inhibitors block p70S6k, neither kinase would be required for IGFR-1-dependent IGFBP-5 induction. In C2 anti-IGF-II myoblasts, IGFBP-5 induction is therefore rapamycin-sensitive and independent of differentiation.
Pressure-induced conformational changes in a human Bence-Jones protein (Mcg) (1985)

The effect of high static pressures on the internal structure of the immunoglobulin light chain (Bence-Jones) dimer from the patient Mcg was assessed with measurements of intrinsic protein fluorescence polarization and intensity. Depolarization of intrinsic fluorescence was observed at relatively low pressures (less than 2 kbar), with a standard volume change of -93 mL/mol. The significant conformational changes indicated by these observations were not attributable to major protein unfolding, since pressures exceeding 2 kbar were required to alter intrinsic fluorescence emission maxima and yields. Fluorescence intensity and polarization measurements were used to investigate pressure effects on the binding of bis(8-anilino-naphthalene-1-sulfonate) (bis-ANS), rhodamine 123, and bis(N-methylacridinium nitrate) (lucigenin). Below 1.5 kbar the Mcg dimer exhibited a small decrease in affinity for bis-ANS (standard volume change approximately 5.9 mL/mol). At 3 kbar the binding activity increased by greater than 250-fold (volume change -144 mL/mol) and remained 10-fold higher than its starting value after decompression. With rhodamine 123 the binding activity showed an initial linear increase but plateaued at pressures greater than 1.5 kbar (standard volume change -23 mL/mol). These pressure effects were completely reversible. Binding activity with lucigenin increased slightly at low pressures (standard volume change -5.5 mL/mol), but the protein was partially denatured at pressures greater than 2 kbar. Taken in concert with the results of parallel binding studies in crystals of the Mcg dimer, these observations support the concept of a large malleable binding region with broad specificity for aromatic compounds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Efficiency analysis of techniques for weighting elements arrangement on the chip of unary digital-to-analog converter (2017)

The paper presents a review of realizations of the matrices of unaryDACweighting elements. A mathematical model of unary DAC taking into account the systematic error has been built. The static characteristics were simulated, and conclusions were made regarding the preferred techniques of forming the matrix of weighting elements for reducing the nonlinearity of unary DACs.
The role of Ia molecules in the activation of T lymphocytes. IV. The basis of the thymocyte IL 1 response and its possible role in the generation of the T cell repertoire. (1984)

The activation requirements for thymocyte proliferation were investigated. Thymocytes proliferate in the presence of exogenous interleukin 1, which has been used as the classic assay for this factor. This response, however, is greatly decreased in cultures of purified thymic T cells. Purified thymic T cells will proliferate in the presence of IL 1 if accessory cells are added to culture. The requisite accessory cell is a non-T, adherent, radioresistant cell found in macrophage/dendritic cell-enriched fractions of both thymus and spleen. This cell bears Ia molecules, which are critically involved in the activation of thymocytes. This thymocyte-accessory cell interaction is not dependent on exogenous nominal antigens. Therefore, it appears that IL 1 allows the expansion of thymocytes with specificity for self-class II MHC antigens. This response was found to be unique to this stage of T cell development and can be observed with both mature and immature thymic T cell subsets. The implications of these findings for the physiologic expansion of self-restricted T cells in the thymus are discussed.
A Prospective Study of Depression Following Combat Deployment in Support of the Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan (2009)

Deployment with combat exposures is a risk factor for new-onset depression among US service members. Post-deployment screening may be beneficial for US service members exposed to combat.
The chemistry of penicillanic acids. Part I. 6,6-Dibromo- and 6,6-di-iodo-derivatives (1969)

6,6-Dibromopenicillanic acid (IIIa) and 6,6-di-iodopenicillanic acid (IIIc) have been observed in the products of the deamination of 6β-aminopenicillanic acid (Ia) in the presence of sodium bromide and sodium iodide respectively. Deamination of (Ia) in the presence of bromine has resulted in the isolation of 6,6-dibromopenicillanic acid (IIIa) in 35% yield. The 1β-(Va) and 1α-(VIa) sulphoxides of this acid are described, together with some of its properties.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of (4S)- and (4R)-4-Methyl-2-oxoglutaric Acids, Precursors of Glutamic Acid Analogues (1999)

Alkylation of dimethyl 2,2-dimethoxyglutarate followed by enzymatic resolution afforded (4S)- and (4R)-4-methyl-2-oxoglutaric acid in an enantiomerically pure form. The activity of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase towards these compounds has been measured. Their enzymatic transamination provides an efficient synthesis of (4S)- and (4R)-4-methyl-L-glutamic acids which are very useful for characterisation of glutamate receptors in the central nervous system.
PROBABILISTIC SEGMENTATION OF BRAIN TUMORS BASED ON MULTI-MODALITY MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGES (2007)

In this paper, multi-modal magnetic resonance (MR) images are integrated into a tissue profile that aims at differentiating tumor components, edema and normal tissue. This is achieved by a tissue classification technique that learns the appearance models of different tissue types based on training samples identified by an expert and assigns tissue labels to each voxel. These tissue classifiers produce probabilistic tissue maps reflecting imaging characteristics of tumors and surrounding tissues that may be employed to aid in diagnosis, tumor boundary delineation, surgery and treatment planning. The main contributions of this work are: 1) conventional structural MR modalities are combined with diffusion tensor imaging data to create an integrated multimodality profile for brain tumors, and 2) in addition to the tumor components of enhancing and non-enhancing tumor types, edema is also characterized as a separate class in our framework. Classification performance is tested on 22 diverse tumor cases using cross-validation.
Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Children: Present and Future Services & Policy (1993)

This paper will address the overall approach of the present government to the provision of Aboriginal children's services in the context of the social indicators about Aboriginal children within Aboriginal society and non-Aboriginal society. It will then outline the proper and appropriate frameworks for the development of services for Aboriginal children.
Polysilane/Polysilazane Composite: Novel Material for Optical Waveguides and Its Application to Mode-Conversion Filters (2004)

Polysilane/polysilazane (PS/PSz) composite is proposed as a novel material for optical waveguides. A refractive index change, as large as about 4.5%, can be induced and automatically built in only by UV exposure without etching and/or development due to a photochemical reaction, generally known as “photobleaching”. To verify the practical performance of the PS/PSz composite for photonic devices with refractive-index-modulated structures, we fabricated optical waveguide mode-conversion filters using polymethylphenylsilane (PMPS)/perhydropolysilazane (PHPSz) composite, and successfully demonstrated its operation in both visible (633 nm) and infrared (1310 nm) wavelength ranges. The result shows that the PS/PSz composite is a promising candidate not only for optical waveguide devices such as those used in CWDM applications, but also for optical interconnections.
Reductive cleavage of aromatic disulfides using a polymer-supported phosphine reagent (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReductive cleavage of aromatic disulfides using a polymer-supported phosphine reagentRichard A. Amos and Shayne M. FawcettCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 14, 2637–2639Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00188a028https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00188a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views534Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mesh Tube—Constricted Varicose Veins Used as Bypass Grafts for Infrainguinal Arterial Reconstruction (1992)

Varicose veins are generally deemed inappropriate graft material for arterial reconstructions despite their physiologic flow surface because of their large and irregular caliber. Size reduction by threading such veins in constricting tubes may create bypass grafts of suitable caliber as long as redundant wall material does not cause stenoses. Sixteen human varicose veins (mean +/- SD, 13 +/- 3 mm diameter) obtained after stripping operations were inserted into Dacron mesh tubes of 6 mm internal diameter. Paraffin casts of the distended veins showed a size reduction of 6.9 +/- 2.6 mm. Wall material formed folds in only two veins. In both cases, diameter reduction was more than 10 mm. However, the folds did not result in significant stenoses. Mesh-constricted varicose veins were used as bypass material in 11 infrainguinal arterial reconstructions. All externally supported segments showed satisfactory size reduction without stenoses or folds. One graft occluded 2 months after surgery. Two patients had to undergo reoperation after 2 and 16 months, respectively. None of the complications could be attributed to the constriction of veins. The remaining grafts are patent and functional after a mean of 17 months (range, 6 to 42 months). Considerable size reduction by external wrapping of varicose veins is possible without adverse side effects. Such constricted veins were used successfully as bypass grafts for infrainguinal arterial reconstructions.