gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Challenging role of Wnt5a and its signaling pathway in cancer metastasis (Review) (2014)

Wnt5a is a noncanonical signaling member of the wingless-related/mouse mammary tumor virus integration family, which is involved in a wide range of cellular processes, particularly in cancer development and metastasis. Accumulating evidence indicates that Wnt5a exhibits paradoxical effects in various types of cancer metastasis. Therefore, the Wnt5a signaling cascade in cancer metastasis appears to be complex and may depend on binding receptors, downstream effectors, exogenous inhibitors and tumor microenvironments, as well as the extracellular matrix, particularly cell/tissue-tropic contexts. The aim of the present study was to summarize the previous findings on the roles of Wnt5a and the potential mechanisms in various types of cancer metastasis. Furthermore, it is reasonable to hypothesize that Wnt5a and the involved signaling pathways may become molecular targets in the treatment of cancer metastasis.
Face Verification via Class Sparsity Based Supervised Encoding (2016)

Autoencoders are deep learning architectures that learn feature representation by minimizing the reconstruction error. Using an autoencoder as baseline, this paper presents a novel formulation for a class sparsity based supervised encoder, termed as CSSE. We postulate that features from the same class will have a common sparsity pattern/support in the latent space. Therefore, in the formulation of the autoencoder, a supervision penalty is introduced as a joint-sparsity promoting l<sub>2,1</sub>-norm. The formulation of CSSE is derived for a single hidden layer and it is applied for multiple hidden layers using a greedy layer-by-layer learning approach. The proposed CSSE approach is applied for learning face representation and verification experiments are performed on the LFW and PaSC face databases. The experiments show that the proposed approach yields improved results compared to autoencoders and comparable results with state-of-the-art face recognition algorithms.
Yield improvement in SMT production by integrated process monitoring and testing (2002)

Almost 30-50% of fabrication costs in electronics production are caused by testing and repair operations. A strategy for yield improvement requires strong dedication to causal relationships and specification of process and product quality. Critical process parameters and their causal effects on product quality must be analyzed. Once critical process parameters are addressed, control strategies can be developed to assure high first pass yields. An overview of ongoing work that has been performed to establish a surface mount technology (SMT) production line with closed loop quality control via direct process monitoring capabilities and integrated inspection operations is given. For different inspection tasks, 3-D laser and X-ray inspection is applied. Process parameter as well as test and inspection results are gathered online. Thus, interrelationships between process steps beginning from material inspection, solder paste application, components placement, reflow soldering and final inspection can be analyzed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Metabolic Limits to Milk Production, Especially Roles of Growth Hormone and Insulin (1982)

Potential of the bovine mammary gland to synthesize milk probably is determined fully at parturition. Realization of that potential depends on the gland receiving adequate amounts of nutrients in the correct proportions. Provided the cow is fed adequately in relation to her potential yield, supply to the body of those nutrients that are absorbed directly from the gut is not likely to limit milk synthesis. Glucose and long-chain fatty acids, however, are not absorbed from the gut in adequate amounts, and metabolic factors (primarily hormonal regulation) determining the supply of these may be important limits to milk synthesis. Even when amounts and proportions of metabolites entering circulation are adequate for maintenance and maximum milk synthesis, the cow's potential cannot be realized fully unless nutrients are channeled selectively towards the mammary gland. This occurs naturally in the high-yielding cow in early lactation and probably can be maintained artificially into midlactation by use of growth hormone. Consequences of this on milk output, health, and reproductive performance are considered.
LA ENSEÑANZA DE LA GRAMÁTICA EN LAS CLASES DE INGLÉS EN LA UNIVERSIDAD MÉDICA (2011)

Desde la aplicación del enfoque comunicativo en la enseñanza del idioma Inglés en el Instituto Superior de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara, el principal foco de atención en nuestras clases ha sido el desarrollo de las cuatro habilidades del habla: hablar, leer, escribir y comprender el idioma oral, y la adquisición de las funciones comunicativas de forma fluida. Esta polarización ha traído como resultado relegar la importancia de los aspectos formales del idioma a un segundo plano.
Efficient information retrieval for ranked queries in cost-effective cloud environments (2012)

Cloud computing as an emerging technology trend is expected to reshape the advances in information technology. In this paper, we address two fundamental issues in a cloud environment: privacy and efficiency. We first review a private keyword-based file retrieval scheme proposed by Ostrovsky et. al. Then, based on an aggregation and distribution layer (ADL), we present a scheme, termed efficient information retrieval for ranked query (EIRQ), to further reduce querying costs incurred in the cloud. Queries are classified into multiple ranks, where a higher ranked query can retrieve a higher percentage of matched files. Extensive evaluations have been conducted on an analytical model to examine the effectiveness of our scheme.
Expression, purification and crystallization of a membrane-associated, catalytically active type I signal peptidase from<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2014)

Staphylococcus aureus infections are becoming increasingly difficult to treat as they rapidly develop resistance to existing antibiotics. Bacterial type I signal peptidases are membrane-associated, cell-surface serine proteases with a unique catalytic mechanism that differs from that of eukaryotic endoplasmic reticulum signal peptidases. They are thus potential antimicrobial targets. S. aureus has a catalytically active type I signal peptidase, SpsB, that is essential for cell viability. To elucidate its structure, the spsB gene from S. aureus Newman strain was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. After exploring many different protein-modification constructs, SpsB was expressed as a fusion protein with maltose-binding protein and crystallized by hanging-drop vapour diffusion. The crystals belonged to the monoclinic space group P2(1) and diffracted to 2.05 Å resolution. The crystal structure of SpsB is anticipated to provide structural insight into Gram-positive signal peptidases and to aid in the development of antibacterial agents that target type I signal peptidases.
Waterborne Coatings with an Emphasis on Synthetic Aspects: An Overview (1997)

This chapter provides an overview of water-borne coatings to complement the chapters that follow. It provides the basic chemical reactions that many outside the field will not be familiar with, and general principles that those practicing in the field may have forgotten. The most active areas in water-borne coatings are in the synthesis of latices and water-reducible acrylics by a chain-growth polymerization mechanism and water-borne polyurethane, polyester, and epoxy resins synthesized by step-growth polymerizations. Water-borne epoxy resins are discussed in detail in chapter 5. The other resin families are discussed in this and in the chapter to follow. The emphasis in this chapter will address the synthetic aspects as imposed by the polymerization process on the stability of the disperse phases and their film properties.
Finite strain analysis of nonuniform deformation inside shear bands in sands (2011)

SUMMARY A methodology has been developed to extend the incremental (Eulerian) Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique to enable a Lagrangian‐based large‐strain analysis framework to examine the nature of strain and kinematic nonuniformity within shear bands in sands. Plane strain compression tests are performed on dense sands in an apparatus that promotes unconstrained persistent shear band formation. DIC is used to capture incremental, grain‐scale displacements in and around shear bands. The performance of the developed accumulation algorithm is validated by comparing accumulated displacements with two sources of reference measurements. A comparison between large and infinitesimal rotation is performed, demonstrating the nature of straining within shear bands in sands and the necessity of using a finite strain formulation to characterize ensuing behavior. Volumetric strain variation along the shear band is analyzed throughout macroscopic postpeak deformation. During softening, volumetric activity within the shear band is purely dilative. During the global critical state, the shear band material is seen on the average to deform at zero volumetric strain; however, locally, the sand is seen to exhibit significant nonzero volumetric strain, putting into question the current definition of critical state. At the softening‐critical state transition, a spatially periodic pattern of alternating contraction and dilation along the shear band is evidenced, and a preliminary evaluation indicates that the periodicity appears to be a physical phenomenon dictated only in part by median grain size. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synuclein accumulation is associated with cell‐specific neuronal death after spinal cord injury (2011)

Spinal cord injury axotomizes neurons and induces many of them to die, whereas others survive. Therefore, it is important to identify factors that lead to neuronal death after injury as a first step toward developing better strategies for increasing neuronal survival and functional recovery. However, the intrinsic molecular pathways that govern whether an injured neuron lives or dies remain surprisingly unclear. To address this question, we took advantage of the large size of giant reticulospinal (RS) neurons in the brain of the lamprey, Petromyzon marinus. We report that axotomy of giant RS neurons induces a select subset of them to accumulate high levels of synuclein, a synaptic vesicle-associated protein whose abnormal accumulation is linked to Parkinson's disease. Injury-induced synuclein accumulation occurred only in neurons that were classified as "poor survivors" by both histological and Fluoro-Jade C staining. In contrast, post-injury synuclein immunofluorescence remained at control levels in neurons that were identified as "good survivors." Synuclein accumulation appeared in the form of aggregated intracellular inclusions. Cells that accumulated synuclein also exhibited more ubiquitin-containing inclusions, similar to what occurs during disease states. When synuclein levels and cell vitality were measured in the same neurons, it became clear that synuclein accumulation preceded and strongly correlated with subsequent neuronal death. Thus, synuclein accumulation is identified as a marker and potential risk factor for forthcoming neuronal death after axotomy, expanding its implications beyond the neurodegenerative diseases.
Modeling the effects of systematic process variation on circuit performance (2001)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2001.
A Common Deletion in the Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronyltransferase (<i>UGT</i>)<i>2B17</i>Gene Is a Strong Determinant of Androgen Excretion in Healthy Pubertal Boys (2008)

In pubertal boys, a common homozygous deletion in the UGT2B17 gene strongly affected urinary excretion pattern of androgen metabolites but did not influence circulating androgen levels.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 9‐Alkylidene‐9H‐fluorenes by a Novel Palladium‐Catalyzed Rearrangement. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Expression, purification, and initial characterization of different domains of recombinant mouse 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase, an enigmatic enzyme from the myelin sheath (2010)

We have been able to express and purify recombinantly several different domains of CNPase, including the isolated N-terminal domain, which is folded mainly into a beta-sheet structure. The expression system can be used as an efficient tool to elucidate the role of CNPase in the myelin sheath.
Highly reinforced, low magnetic and biaxially textured Ni-7 at.%W/Ni-12 at.%W multi-layer substrates developed for coated conductors (2008)

Mechanically strengthened, highly cube textured Ni-7 at.%W/Ni-12 at.%W multi-layer substrates developed for coated conductors have been prepared by the advanced spark plasma sintering technique.The key innovation for developing this weakly magnetic and reinforced substrate was to use a new powder metallurgy and sintering route to bond multi-layers of Ni7W/Ni12W/Ni7W together in order to get an initial ingot, followed by the optimized cold working and annealing.Particular efforts were made in view of the optimization of the design, pressing as well as the heat treatment processes of the starting ingots to obtain a chemically gradient composite bulk, thus ensuring the subsequent cold deformation.The produced composite substrates have a strong 001 {100} texture on Ni7W outer layers.The percentage of the biaxially orientated grains within a misorientation angle of 10 is as high as 97.5%, while the length percentage of low-angle grain boundaries ranging from 2 to 10 in the composite substrate reaches 87.2%.Moreover, the yield strength 0.2 of the tape approaches 333 MPa, and the saturation magnetization is substantially reduced by 81.6% at 77 K when compared to that of a commercial used Ni5W substrate.
Purposes (1989)

Human beings think of anarchy and despotism as opposites, and fear them equally. A system of law and justice is a bulwark against both, and the inadequacy of this system governing the relations among nations is one reason why human life is precarious. The one unilateral policy that we expect from our government is to pursue the national interest, but to do this without taking account of the legitimate interests of others will soon lead to conflict, perhaps even armed conflict.
A collective-based adaptive symbiotic model for surface reconstruction in area-based stereo (2003)

This paper proposes a novel optimization algorithm for image-space matching and three-dimensional space analysis, using an adapted scheme of evolutionary computation that employs the concept of symbiosis in a collective of homogeneous populations. It is applied to the automatic generation of disparity surfaces used for depth estimation in stereo vision. The global task of approximating the complete disparity surface is decomposed to a large number of smaller local problems, each solvable by a smaller processing unit. Coevolution is sustained in such a way as to counteract the arbitrary decomposition of the original super-problem, so that the local evolutions of all the subproblems become interlocked. This, in the long run, provides a consistent global solution, and it does so via an asynchronous and massively parallel architecture. The entire surface is partitioned to a set of adjoining patches represented by distinct species or populations, with phenotypes corresponding to different polynomial functionals. The credit assignment functions take into account both self and symbiotic terms in an adaptive and dynamic manner, in order to produce disparity patches that are fit within their own domain and at the same time fit in association with their symbionts. This persistent propagation of local interactions to a global scale throughout evolution generates a unified disparity surface composed of the many smaller patch surfaces.
Synthesis and Antagonistic Activity of Two Covalently Linked Dimers of Adrenocorticotropin‐(11‐24)‐tetradecapeptide (1985)

Abstract The chemical synthesis of two dimers of the sequence 11 to 24 of adrenocorticotropin is described. The two monomers were covalently linked through their N‐or C‐termini, respectively, using N ‐acetylglutamic acid or lysine amide as spacers. Compared to the monomer, the first dimer showed moderately, the second strongly increased inhibitory potency upon steroidogenesis in isolated adrenal cells.
Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis of Hemoglobin with Stability Based on Human Hemolysates Samples (2012)

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with the partial least-squares (PLS) regression was successfully applied for the rapid quantitative analysis of hemoglobin (HGB) based on human hemolysates samples. Based on the varied divisions for the calibration and prediction sets, an effective modeling approach using stable model parameters was proposed. Among 255 samples, 80 were randomly selected as the validation set. The remaining 175 samples were divided into the calibration set (110 samples) and the prediction set (65 samples) for a total of 30 times with certain similarities based on partial least squares cross-validation predictive basis (PLSPB). The optimal PLS factor was 8, the modeling effects M-SEPAve, M-RP,Ave, M-SEPStd and M-RP,Std were 3.84g/L, 0.967, 0.16g/L and 0.006, respectively, the validation effects V-SEP, V-RP and V-RSEP were 3.59g/L, 0.980 and 2.7%, respectively. It indicated that the method has high prediction precision and well stability. The results show that NIR spectroscopy of hemolysates is accurate to HGB’s determination, and it is hopeful to be applied to clinic.
Learning to Design Organizations and Learning from Designing Them (2006)

The academic focus of organization studies has unfortunately drifted over the years from the issues that organizations pose for their members and their societies, and the issues that confront people who seek to improve organizations. However, studies of efforts to design organizations can help us to better understand organizations and may also help us to improve them. The papers in this special issue of Organization Science describe several specific efforts to design organizations, telling why people wanted to make changes and what happened when people sought to make them.
Replication and incompatibility properties of plasmid pE194 in Bacillus subtilis (1982)

pE194, a 3.5-kilobase multicopy plasmid, confers resistance to the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B antibiotics in Bacillus subtilis. By molecular cloning and deletion analysis we have identified a replication segment on the physical map of this plasmid, which consists of about 900 to 1,000 base pairs. This segment contains the replication origin. It also specifies a trans-acting function (rep) required for the stable replication of pE194 and a negatively acting copy control function which is the product of the cop gene. The target sites for the rep and cop gene products are also within this region. Two incompatibility determinants have been mapped on the pE194 genome and their properties are described. One (incA) resides within the replication region and may be identical to cop. incB, not located in the replication region, expresses incompatibility toward a copy control mutant (cop-6) but not toward the wild-type replicon.
Dopamine D4 receptors and the risk of cigarette smoking in African-Americans and Caucasians. (1998)

An understanding of why people smoke cigarettes can have an important impact on smoking prevention and cessation. People smoke cigarettes to maintain nicotine levels in the body, and nicotine has been implicated in the stimulation of brain reward mechanisms via central neuronal dopaminergic pathways. In this study, we evaluated the association of smoking and smoking cessation with a dopamine D4 receptor 48-bp variable nucleotide tandem repeat polymorphism in which the seven-repeat allele (D4.7) reduces dopamine affinity. Smokers (n = 283) and nonsmokers (n = 192) were recruited through local media for a case-control study of smoking. After giving informed consent and answering a behavioral questionnaire, smokers underwent a single minimal-contact session of smoking cessation counseling and then were followed for up to 1 year. The frequency of the dopamine D4 receptor genetic polymorphism using PCR was determined, and individuals were classified by the number of repeat alleles (two to five repeats as S and six to eight repeats as L). Persons with those genotypes including only S alleles (homozygote S/S) were compared with those with at least one L allele (heterozygote S/L and homozygote L/L). Chi2 tests of association, Fisher's exact test, and Student's t test were used. Ps were two-tailed. The data show that African-Americans (n = 72) who had at least one L allele had a higher risk of smoking (odds ratio, 7.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-39.9; P = 0.006), shorter time to the first cigarette in the morning (P = 0.03), and earlier age at smoking initiation (P = 0.09) compared with homozygote S/S genotypes. After smoking cessation counseling, none of the African-American smokers with an L allele were abstinent at 2 months, compared with 35% of the smokers who were homozygote S/S (P = 0.02). The analysis of Caucasians (n = 403) did not suggest a similar smoking risk for the D4 genotypes (odds ratio, 1.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.6-1.6; P = 0.90), or smoking cessation (P = 0.75). Although the number of African-Americans is small, this study is consistent with the hypothesis that the L alleles increase the risk of smoking because these individuals are prone to use nicotine to stimulate synaptic dopamine transmission. If replicated, the data indicate that a single minimal-contact session of cessation counseling, similar to what is typically provided in primary care physician offices, is ineffective in African-American smokers who have at least one L allele. The finding of an effect for these polymorphic loci in African-Americans, but not Caucasians, suggests that the variable nucleotide tandem repeat studied here is a marker for another polymorphic site in African-Americans, but not in Caucasians.
Improved Nitrile Rubbers with Polymerization Bound Antioxidant Stabilization (1975)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers have been the preferred general purpose oil and fuel resistant elastomers in automotive, aircraft and industrial product applications for over 30 years. The need for improved service performance to meet more severe and/or newly emerging service requirements has prompted a number of studies to improve the performance of these polymers. This work has led to the development of a family of new and unique polymerization bound antioxidant stabilized nitrile rubbers which have outstanding heat resistance characteristics. These new rubbers also retain their age resistance qualities after exposure to oils or fuels which can extract the protective antioxidants from conventional nitrile rubbers thereby contributing to early failure of parts in service.</div>