gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of the calmodulin-binding domain of skeletal muscle myosin light chain kinase. (1985)

In the course of determining the primary structure of rabbit skeletal muscle myosin light chain kinase (MLCK; ATP:protein phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.37) a peptide fragment was obtained that appears to represent the calmodulin-binding domain of this enzyme. Low concentrations of the peptide inhibited calmodulin activation of MLCK (Ki congruent to 1 nM). The peptide was not associated with a catalytically active, calmodulin-independent form of MLCK that was obtained by limited proteolysis. The peptide is 27 residues in length and represents the carboxyl terminus of MLCK. The sequence of the peptide shows no significant homology with any known protein sequence. The peptide contains one tryptophanyl residue and a high percentage of basic and hydrophobic residues, but no acidic or prolyl residues. Much of the sequence has a high probability of forming alpha helix. A chemically synthesized peptide has been prepared to study the interactions of the peptide and calmodulin in more detail. The intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence of the synthetic peptide shows a significant enhancement (approximately equal to 45%) in the presence of Ca2+ and calmodulin; fluorescence enhancement is maximal at a peptide:calmodulin stoichiometry of 1:1. Calmodulin-Sepharose affinity chromatography in the presence of 2 M urea indicates that the interaction of peptide and calmodulin is Ca2+-dependent. The results of these studies indicate that the catalytic and calmodulin-binding domains of MLCK represent distinct and separable regions of the protein. In addition, the results provide a basis for future studies of the molecular and evolutionary details of calmodulin-dependent enzyme regulation.
<title>Progress in phase unwrapping</title> (1998)

This paper reviews some of the main developments in numerical phase unwrapping techniques that have been introduced over the past five years. In quality control applications of wholefield optical techniques it is often necessary for the phase unwrapping to be both robust and performed within a guaranteed time period of a few seconds or less. Deterministic algorithms that have data-independent run times are therefore desirable. The temporal phase unwrapping algorithm has been implemented on a pipeline image processor which is able to calculate phase maps from phase-shifted fringe patterns acquired at 30 frames s<SUP>-1</SUP>, and to unwrap the resulting phase maps in real time. One application of the system is measurement of surface profile. The fringe patterns are projected at 30 frames s<SUP>-1</SUP> using a high resolution data projector. The spatial frequency is reduced exponentially from the maximum value. The sequence of phase values at a given pixel is then unwrapped independently of the other image pixels, and all the intermediate phase values contribute in a least squares sense to the final range estimate for the pixel. A total acquisition and processing time of 0.7 s has been achieved for a maximum spatial frequency of 16 fringes across the field of view.
Combining Pixel Swapping and Simulated Annealing for Land Cover Mapping (2020)

Mixed pixels commonly exist in low-resolution remote sensing images, and they are the key factors hindering the classification of land covers and high-precision mapping. To obtain the spatial information at the subpixel level, subpixel mapping (SPM) technologies, including the pixel-swapping algorithm (PSA), that use the unmixed proportions of various land covers and allocate subpixel land covers have been proposed. However, the PSA often falls into a local optimum solution. In this paper, we propose a SPM method, the PSA_MSA algorithm, that combines the PSA and the modified simulated annealing algorithm to find the global optimum solution. The modified simulated annealing algorithm swaps subpixels within a certain range to escape the local optimum solution. The method also optimizes all the mixed pixels in a randomized sequence to further improve the mapping accuracy. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed PSA_MSA algorithm outperforms the existing PSA-based algorithms for SPM. The images with different spatial dependences are tested and the results show that the proposed algorithm is more suitable for images with high spatial autocorrelation. In addition, the effect of proportion error is analyzed by adding it in the experiments. The result shows that a higher proportion error rate leads to larger degradation of the subpixel mapping accuracy. Finally, the performance of PSA_MSA algorithm with different ranges of selection on subpixel-swapping is analyzed.
Computer simulation of target parameter for static single observer bearings-only system (2002)

In this paper, moving parameters are computed at some typical sea\|lanes by simulating. The conclusion is proved that partial parameters are estimablefor static single observer bearings\|only system with PLE. The property of this algorithm and someinfluentialfactors are analyzed.
Roles of ethylene receptor NTHK1 domains in plant growth, stress response and protein phosphorylation (2006)

Ethylene receptors sense ethylene and regulate downstream signaling events. Tobacco ethylene receptor NTHK1, possessing Ser/Thr kinase activity, has been found to function in plant growth and salt-stress responses. NTHK1 contains transmembrane domains, a GAF domain, a kinase domain and a receiver domain. We examined roles of these domains in regulation of plant leaf growth, salt-stress responses and salt-responsive gene expressions using an overexpression approach. We found that the transgenic Arabidopsis plants harboring the transmembrane domain plus kinase domain exhibited large rosettes, had reduction in ethylene sensitivity, and showed enhanced salt sensitivity. The transgenic plants harboring the transmembrane domain plus GAF domain also showed larger rosettes. Truncations of NTHK1 affected salt-induced gene expressions. Transmembrane domain plus kinase domain promoted RD21A and VSP2 expression but decreased salt-induction of AtNAC2. The kinase domain itself promoted AtERF4 gene expression. The GAF domain itself enhanced Cor6.6 induction. Moreover, the NTHK1 functional kinase domain phosphorylated the HIS and ATP subdomains, and five putative phosphorylation sites were identified in these two subdomains. In addition, the salt-responsive element of the NTHK1 gene was in the transmembrane-coding region but not in the promoter region. These results indicate that NTHK1 domains or combination of them have specific functions in plant leaf growth, salt-stress response, gene expression and protein phosphorylation.
PORE SCALE MODELING OF TWO-PHASE FLOW (2010)

Summary. In this paper, we compare predictions of several pore-scale codes for single- and two-phase flow for the first time. Firstly, two implementations of lattice-Boltzmann method (LBM) and a finite-difference based code (FDDA) predict single-phase flow in Fontainebleau sandstone and dolomite samples. We then obtain pore-scale drainage for two fluid phase configurations using a novel level set method based progressive quasi-static (LSMPQS) algorithm for capillarity dominated flow. The resulting fluid configurations are used to compute relative permeability using LBM in each phase as well as formation factor. We demonstrate that the numerical methods compare well with each other and available experimental results.
<title>Advanced wavelenth division multiplexing with thermally fixed volume-phase gratings in iron-doped lithium niobate crystals</title> (2000)

Fiber communication networks utilize wavelength-division- multiplexing (WDM) to enhance the transmission capacity of fiber-optical networks. This technique requires narrowband wavelength filters for multiplexing and de-multiplexing of the channels. We report on realization of an advanced multiplex/demultiplex device based on superimposed volume- phase gratings in lithium-niobate crystals. The gratings are recorded via the photorefractive effect by interference of two green laser beams. Thermal fixing is employed to increase the lifetime of the recorded gratings. Infrared light in the telecommunication wavelength region around 1500 nm is diffracted from the gratings. Each grating reflects light of a certain WDM channel. The selected wavelengths and the propagation directions of the diffracted beams are determined by spatial frequency and orientation of the gratings in the crystal. We will present the basic concept of this technology as well as recent advances : (1) construction and testing of a two-channel demultiplexer prototype (fiber to fiber insertion loss 5-6 dB, crosstalk less than -25 dB, channel spacing 0.8 nm), (2) simultaneous demultiplexing of 8 channels (separation 0.8 nm).
Iron: a cosmetic constituent but an essential nutrient for healthy skin (2001)

Iron compounds have an established role as colorants in many cosmetic products applied to the skin, hair and nails. Evidence is reviewed showing that in addition to its importance as an essential nutrient necessary for oxygen metabolism and mitrochondrial function, iron exhibits a fundamental importance as a trace metal in the normal growth and functional maturation of the skin and in the health of hair and nails. The implications of iron from cosmetic sources in the nutrition of human skin is discussed.
Two-Stage Actuation for Improved Accuracy of Contouring (1988)

Two-stage actuation is presented as a method for improved contouring accuracy of biaxial positioning systems. The method applies the concept of dynamic compensation to a two-stage structure where the position error of the the coarse stage serves as the input to the fine stage. The objective of dynamic compensation is to obtain an overall system with the bandwidth of the fine stage and the range of the coarse stage. Based on the widely used second order, Type 1 approximation of the actuator dynamics and proportional position control it is shown that the implementation of the fine stage increases the bandwidth of the entire system and, also, decreases phase lag at lower frequencies. Moreover, higher bandwidth results in smaller comering errors in the response of a single axis. However, the magnitude of the contour error in the neighborhood of the corner is not necessarily reduced by dynamic compensation. Finally, for constant velocity, straight line contours the advantage of two-stage actuation over the conventional single-stage systems lies in its ability to eliminate steady state contour error by eliminating steady state errors in the responses of individual axes.
The Role of Bile Salts in the Hepatic Excretion of Iopanoic Acid (1974)

Previous studies on the pharmacokinetics of iopanoic acid (Telepaque) have shown that there is a direct relationship between the biliary excretion of iopanoic acid and canalicular bile flow produced by bile salts (sodium taurocholate). The object of the present investigation is to determine if this association is due to an effect of canalicular bile flow per se or due to a direct action of bile salts. The role of micelle formation by bile salts in the transport process is also evaluated. Iopanoic acid excretion in bile was studied during choleresis produced by SC2644 (a compound which stimulates bile-salt independent canalicular bileflow), with sodium dehydrocholate (a bile salt which increases bile-salt dependent bile flow, but does not form micelles) and with sodium taurocholate (a micelle-forming bile-salt choleretic). Experiments were performed in both anesthetized dogs with a catheter placed in the common duct immediately prior to the experiment, and in nonanesthetized dogs prepared months earlier with a Thomas cannula inserted into the duodenum. The results show that the amount of iopanoic acid excreted in the bile rises in proportion to the increase in bile flow stimulated by dehydrocholate and taurocholate, but the total excretion remains unchanged by choleresis produced by SC2644. Failure of SC2644 to increase the excretion of iopanoic acid despite an increase in bile flow indicates that the canalicular bile flow per se is not the important determinant regulating iopanoic acid excretion. Because bile salts stimulate iopanoic acid excretion, it is the bile salts themselves and not the increase in bile flow that influence iopanoic acid. Since the experiments show no difference between the effect of dehydrocholate and taurocholate, it is not the micellar property of bile salts that enables these compounds to increase the rate of excretion of iopanoic acid. It is postulated that there is an allosteric interaction between bile salts and the carrier for iopanoic acid in the canalicular membrane which facilitates the transport of iopanoic acid from the hepatocyte into the bile.
Write activity reduction on non-volatile main memories for embedded chip multiprocessors (2013)

Recent advances in circuit and semiconductor technologies have pushed Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) technologies into a new era. These technologies exhibit appealing properties such as low power consumption, non-volatility, shock-resistivity, and high density. However, there are challenges to which we need answers in the road of applying non-volatile memories as main memory in embedded computer systems. First, when compared with DRAM, NVMs have a limited number of write/erase cycles. Second, write activities on NVM are more expensive than DRAM memory in terms of energy consumption and access latency. Both challenges will benefit from the reduction of the write activities on the NVMs. In this paper, we target embedded Chip Multiprocessors (CMPs) with Scratch Pad Memory (SPM) and non-volatile main memory. We introduce scheduling, data migration, and recomputation techniques to reduce the number of write activities on NVMs. Experimental results show that the proposed methods can reduce the number of writes by 58.46% on average, which means that the NVM can last 2.8 times as long as before. For Phase Change Memory (PCM), the lifetime is extended from 2.5 years to about 7 years on average and 15 years at the most. Also, the finish time of the tested programs is reduced by an average of 38.07%, and the energy consumption is reduced by an average of 51.23%.
Synthesis of 2-arylbenzoxazoles via the palladium-catalyzed carbonylation and condensation of aromatic halides and o-aminophenols (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 2-arylbenzoxazoles via the palladium-catalyzed carbonylation and condensation of aromatic halides and o-aminophenolsRobert J. Perry, B. David Wilson, and Richard J. MillerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 10, 2883–2887Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00036a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00036a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views719Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Nanomedicine: Magnetic Nanoparticles and their Biomedical Applications (2010)

During this past decade, science and engineering have seen a rapid increase in interest for nanoscale materials with dimensions less than 100 nm, which lie in the intermediate state between atoms and bulk (solid) materials. Their attributes are significantly altered relative to the corresponding bulk materials as they exhibit size dependent behavior such as quantum size effects (depending on bulk Bohr radius), optical absorption and emission, coulomb staircase behavior (electrical transport), superparamagnetism and various unique properties. They are active components of ferrofluids, recording tape, flexible disk recording media along with potential future applications in spintronics: a new paradigm of electronics utilizing intrinsic charge and spin of electrons for ultra-high-density data storage and quantum computing. They are used in a gamut of biomedical applications: bioseparation of biological entities, therapeutic drugs and gene delivery, radiofrequency-induced destruction of cells and tumors (hyperthermia), and contrast-enhancement agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The magnetic nanoparticles have optimizable, controllable sizes enabling their comparison to cells (10-100 µm), viruses (20-250 nm), proteins (3-50 nm), and genes (10-100 nm). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) provide necessary characterization methods that enable accurate structural and functional analysis of interaction of the biofunctional particles with the target bioentities. The goal of the present discussion is to provide a broad review of magnetic nanoparticle research with a special focus on the synthesis, functionalization and medical applications of these particles, which have been carried out during the past decade, and to examine several prospective directions.
Priority cell discarding for overload control in BISDN/ATM networks: An analysis framework (1990)

Abstract The broadband integrated services digital networks (BISDNs) of the future will use asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) for switching and transport of basic transport units called cells. These networks are likely to exhibit extremely bursty traffic characteristics which could cause significant queue overload conditions. This paper suggests that priority cell discarding, in which a delivery priority (also known as a loss priority) is assigned to each cell, is a viable alternative for controlling this overload. We also present a framework for the analysis and comparison of the performance of such priority discarding systems. The framework consists of a general analysis model appropriate for BISDNs using ATM, a two‐dimensional structural classification of priority discarding algorithms and suggestions for performance measures, one of which is a generalization of the often‐used throughput measure. We illustrate how this framework can be useful in systems analysis by introducing a specific discarding optimization problem.
Conditional Branching in Computerized Self-Administered Questionnaires on the World Wide Web (2002)

Conditional branching is used to direct respondents to skip inappropriate questions or to answer follow-up questions. When surveys are implemented on the World Wide Web, branching can be automated in different ways. Three implementations of conditional branching in Web-based surveys were compared: (a) a manual form which replicated the paper-and-pencil version in a scrollable window, (b) a semi-automatic form which also showed the whole survey but auto-scrolled to the next question, and (c) an automatic form that displayed only one item per screen and implemented all branching. The surveys used involved one, two, or three follow-up questions. The automatic item-by-item implementation proved significantly faster than either the manual or the auto-scrolling versions. Respondents found the auto-scrolling to be disorienting. These results suggest that automatic branching should be used but with graceful jumps that guide the respondents' focus of attention without loosing it.
Novel pH-Sensitive Micelles Generated by Star-Shape Copolymers Containing Zwitterionic Sulfobetaine for Efficient Cellular Internalization (2013)

pH-sensitive micelles are considered promising carriers for tumor targeted drug delivery. In this study, novel pH-sensitive star-shape copolymers of amphiphilic poly(epsilon-caprolactone)-b-poly(N, N-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-r-poly(N-(3-sulfopropyl)-N-methacryloxyethy-N, N-diethylammoniumbetaine) (4sPCLDEAS) are designed and synthesized with the combination of ring opening polymerization (ROP) and atom radical transferpolymerization (ATRP). The structure of the copolymers is characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (1HNMR). The poly(N-(3-sulfopropyl)-N-methacryloxyethy-N, N-diethylammoniumbetaine) segment is used instead of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as hydrophilic block in the copolymers to form polymeric micelles. The micelles present spherical shape, narrow size distribution, and are reponsive to the acidity. The CMC of the micelles is as low as 1 x 10(-3) mg mL(-1). Doxorubin (DOX) is efficiently encapsulated in the micelles and the drug release is pH dependant. The cytotoxicity as well as the intracellular drug delivery of the micelles are investigated. The micelles are nontoxic to human cervical carcinoma (Hela) cells. The DOX-loaded micelles are internalized in Hela cells efficiently, which are better than that of hydrophilic doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX x HCl). These pH-sensitive micelles are potential promising carriers for anti-cancer drug delivery.
NITROGEN REAGENTS IN METAL ION SEPARATION. PART X. THE SEPARATION OF PALLADIUM FROM PLATINUM IN HYDROCHLORIC ACID SOLUTION BY PYRAZOLE DERIVATIVES. (1999)

ABSTRACT The separation of palladium from platinum from aqueous hydrochloric acid solutions using pyrazole derivatives as extractants is described. The role of o donicity of the extractants, their stereochemistry and their behaviour in repetitive cycles are illustrated. Their Pd specificity in relation to Cu(II)and Fe(III) which are also present in the industrial feed solution is also indicated.
Modeling and Nonlinear Adaptive Control for Autonomous Vehicle Overtaking (2014)

In this paper, we present a mathematical model and adaptive controller for an autonomous vehicle overtaking maneuver. We consider the problem of an autonomous three-phase overtaking without the use of any roadway marking scheme or intervehicle communication. The developed feedback controller requires information for the current relative intervehicle position and orientation, which are assumed to be available from onboard sensors. We apply standard robotic nomenclature for translational and rotational displacements and velocities and propose a general kinematic model of the vehicles and the relative intervehicle kinematics during the overtaking maneuver. The overtaking maneuver is investigated as a tracking problem with respect to desired polynomial virtual trajectories for every phase, which are generated in real time. An update control law for the automated overtaking vehicle is designed that allows tracking the desired trajectories in the presence of unknown velocity of the overtaken vehicle. Simulation results illustrate the performance of the proposed controller.