gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasma and memory B‐cell kinetics in infants following a primary schedule of CRM<sub>197</sub>‐conjugated serogroup C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (2009)

The induction of persistent protective levels of pathogen-specific antibody is an important goal of immunization against childhood infections. However, antibody persistence is poor after immunization in infancy versus later in life. Serogroup C meningococci (MenC) are an important cause of bacteraemia and meningitis in children. The use of protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines against MenC has been associated with a significant decline in the incidence of invasive disease. However, vaccine effectiveness is negligible by more than 1 year after a three-dose priming series in infancy and corresponds to a rapid decline in antibody following an initial immune response. The cellular mechanisms underlying the generation of persistent antibody in this age group are unclear. An essential prelude to larger studies of peripheral blood B cells is an understanding of B-cell kinetics following immunization. We measured MenC- and diphtheria-specific plasma and memory B-cell kinetics in infants receiving a CRM(197) (cross-reactive material; mutant diphtheria toxoid)-conjugated MenC vaccine at 2, 3 and 4 months of age. Plasma cell responses were more delayed after the first dose when compared with the rapid appearance of plasma cells after the third dose. Memory B cells were detectable at all time-points following the third dose as opposed to the low frequency seen following a first dose. This study provides data on B-cell kinetics following a primary schedule of immunization in young infants upon which to base further studies of the underlying cellular mechanism of humoral immunity.
<i>In vivo</i> response to an implanted shape memory polyurethane foam in a porcine aneurysm model (2013)

Cerebral aneurysms treated by traditional endovascular methods using platinum coils have a tendency to be unstable, either due to chronic inflammation, compaction of coils, or growth of the aneurysm. We propose to use alternate filling methods for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms using polyurethane-based shape memory polymer (SMP) foams. SMP polyurethane foams were surgically implanted in a porcine aneurysm model to determine biocompatibility, localized thrombogenicity, and their ability to serve as a stable filler material within an aneurysm. The degree of healing was evaluated via gross observation, histopathology, and low vacuum scanning electron microscopy imaging after 0, 30, and 90 days. Clotting was initiated within the SMP foam at time 0 (<1 h exposure to blood before euthanization), partial healing was observed at 30 days, and almost complete healing had occurred at 90 days in vivo, with minimal inflammatory response.
Synthesis of Quinazolines and Imidazo[1,2-<i>c</i>]quinazolines with the Aid of a Low-Valent Titanium Reagent (2004)

Corrected by: Synthesis of Quinazolines and Imidazo[1,2-c]quinazolines with the Aid of a Low-Valent Titanium ReagentSynlett 2004; 2004(11): 2050-2050DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-831321
In- and out-of-plane propagation of electromagnetic waves in low index contrast two dimensional photonic crystals (2001)

Propagation of electromagnetic waves through a two-dimensional triangular lattice has been studied for different values of refractive index contrast between the constituent dielectrics, and for angles of incidence both in and out of the plane of periodicity. Transmission results have been obtained both experimentally and with the transfer matrix technique, and good agreement has been found between the two. Comparison with band structure calculations has also been made.
A Study on Reconstruction Models of Side-channel Spillway for Discharge Capacity Improvement (2007)

The small and medium sized dams have the fill dam type of a lot of occasions, which are often weak in cases of major floods. For this reason, although a countermeasure is in great need, due to the importance of the facilities and financial situations, no direct safety measures have been taken. In this study, in order to minimize construction expenditure for practical safety measures in cases of major floods, the overflow section of spillway has been analyzed focusing on how the overflow capacity will increase in the case of partially rebuilding a part of the overflow section of spillway favorable for hydraulic conditions. The labyrinth weir and movable weir was chosen for reconstruction models of the overflow section. Moreover, for analyzing the after-effects of the reconstruction, a small scale dam was temporarily chosen for various experiments such as the hydraulic model testing and the three dimension numerical evaluation through the use of Flow-3D.
Progression of LNCaP Prostate Tumor Cells during Androgen Deprivation: Hormone-Independent Growth, Repression of Proliferation by Androgen, and Role for p27Kip1 in Androgen-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest (1998)

The molecular mechanism of androgen-independent growth of prostate cancer after androgen ablation was explored in LNCaP cells. An androgen-dependent clonal subline of the LNCaP human prostate carcinoma cell line, LNCaP 104-S, progressed to a slow growing stage (104-R1) and then to a faster growing stage (104-R2) during more than 2 yr of continuous culture in the absence of androgen. Androgen-induced proliferation of 104-S cells is inhibited by the antiandrogen Casodex, while proliferation of 104-R1 and 104-R2 cells is unaffected by Casodex. This indicates that proliferation of 104-R1 and 104-R2 cells is not supported by low levels of androgen in the culture medium. Compared with LNCaP 104-S cells, both 104-R1 and 104-R2 cells express higher basal levels of androgen receptor (AR), and proliferation of these two cell lines is paradoxically repressed by androgen. After continuous passage in androgen-containing medium, 104-R1 cells reverted back to an androgen-dependent phenotype. The mechanism of androgenic repression of 104-R1 and 104-R2 sublines was further evaluated by examining the role of critical regulatory factors involved in the control of cell cycle progression. At concentrations that repressed growth, androgen transiently induced the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor p21waf1/cip1 in 104-R1 cells, while expression of the cdk inhibitor p27Kip1 was persistently induced by androgen in both 104-R1 and 104-R2 cells. Induced expression of murine p27Kip1 in 104-R2 cells resulted in G1 arrest. Specific immunoprecipitates of Cdk2 but not Cdk4 from androgen-treated 104-R1 cells contained both p21waf1/cip1 and p27Kip1. This observation was confirmed by in vitro assay of histone H1 and Rb (retinoblastoma protein) phosphorylation by the proteins associated with the immune complex. Furthermore, inhibition of Cdk2 activity correlated with the accumulation of p27Kip1 and not p21waf1/cip1. From these results we conclude that androgenic repression of LNCaP 104-R1 and 104-R2 cell proliferation is due to the induction of p27Kip1, which in turn inhibits Cdk2, a factor critical for cell cycle progression and proliferation.
Precoding and loading for BLAST-like systems (2004)

In this contribution we study transmission over MIMO channels, where channel state information available at the transmitter enables the use of precoding as weak as an optimization of rate and power distribution over the parallel subchannels in the transmission system (loading). It is shown that spatial loading provides substantial gains and a revised version of the V-BLAST algorithm is given to calculate the matrix filters required for Tomlinson-Harashima precoding, or equivalently decision-feedback equalization.
Homogeneous Hydrogenations of Nitriles Catalyzed by Rhenium Complexes (2011)

Abstract Rhenium(I) nitrosyl complexes bearing large bite angle diphosphines efficiently catalyze the hydrogenation of nitriles to the corresponding symmetrical secondary amines.
Pose graph optimization with hierarchical conditionally independent graph partitioning (2016)

In this paper, we propose a hierarchical pose graph optimization algorithm, which hierarchically divides a large pose graph into subgraphs and solves the optimization problem for each subgraph independently. Applying a modified graph partitioning algorithm, normalized cut, the original graph could be partitioned into subgraphs, which are conditionally independent on a set of key nodes. A modified normalized cut algorithm is applied to automatically partition a pose graph into several subgraphs, which are independent on each other when conditioned on a small number of keynodes. Preserving keynodes only, a simplified upper level graph is generated by a pose graph sparsification algorithm. Given the optimization results of all keynodes, which are obtained by solving the upper level graph, each subgraph in the lower level can be solved efficiently without concerning other subgraphs. The scale of each optimization is limited during graph partitioning. Therefore, the efficiency of the optimization is improved. Experiments with both public standard datasets and a dataset collected by an autonomous guided vehicle (AGV) system are conducted to test our algorithm.
Use of neural fuzzy networks with mixed genetic/gradient algorithm in automated vehicle control (1999)

This paper is concerned with the design of automated vehicle guidance control. First, we propose to implement the guidance tasks using several individual controllers. Next, a neural fuzzy network (NFN) is used to build these controllers, where the NFN constructs are neural-network-based connectionist models. A two-phase hybrid learning algorithm which combines genetic and gradient algorithms is employed to identify the NFN weightings. Finally, simulations are given to show that the proposed technology can improve the speed of learning convergence and enhance the performance of vehicle control.
Comparison of Extracellular and Intracellular Potency of Botulinum Neurotoxins (2006)

Levels of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) proteolytic activity were compared using a cell-free assay and living neurons to measure extracellular and intracellular enzymatic activity. Within the cell-free reaction model, BoNT serotypes A and E (BoNT/A and BoNT/E, respectively) were reversibly inhibited by chelating Zn2+ with N,N,N',N'-tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine (TPEN). BoNT/E required relatively long incubation with TPEN to achieve total inhibition, whereas BoNT/A was inhibited immediately upon mixing. When naïve Zn2+-containing BoNTs were applied to cultured neurons, the cellular action of each BoNT was rapidly inhibited by subsequent addition of TPEN, which is membrane permeable. Excess Zn2+ added to the culture medium several hours after poisoning fully restored intracellular toxin activity. Unlike TPEN, EDTA irreversibly inhibited both BoNT/A and -E within the cell-free in vitro reaction. Excess Zn2+ did not reactivate the EDTA-treated toxins. However, application of EDTA-treated BoNT/A or -E to cultured neurons demonstrated normal toxin action in terms of both blocking neurotransmission and SNAP-25 proteolysis. Different concentrations of EDTA produced toxin preparations with incrementally reduced in vitro proteolytic activities, which, when applied to living neurons showed undiminished cellular potency. This suggests that EDTA renders the BoNT proteolytic domain conformationally inactive when tested with the cell-free reaction, but this change is corrected during entry into neurons. The effect of EDTA is unrelated to Zn2+ because TPEN could be applied to living cells before or after poisoning to produce rapid and reversible inhibition of both BoNTs. Therefore, bound Zn2+ is not required for toxin entry into neurons, and removal of Zn2+ from cytosolic BoNTs does not irreversibly alter toxin structure or function. We conclude that EDTA directly alters both BoNTs in a manner that is independent of Zn2+.
Kinetics of epimerization of (+)-catechin and its rearrangement to catechinic acid (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of epimerization of (+)-catechin and its rearrangement to catechinic acidPreecha Kiatgrajai, J. D. Wellons, Lawrence Gollob, and James D. WhiteCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 15, 2910–2912Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00136a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00136a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views685Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Radio Frequency Optimization & QoS Evaluation in Operational GSM Network (2009)

All GSM operators use Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to judge their network performance and evaluate the Quality of Service (QoS) regarding end user perspective. All the events being occurred over air interface are triggering different counters in the Base Station Controller (BSC). The KPIs are derived with the help of these counters using different formulations. In this paper, a well established real GSM radio frequency (RF) network performance evaluation is presented on the basis of four major KPIs i.e., Call set up success rate (CSSR), Call Drop Rate (CDR), Handover Success Rate (HSR) and Radio traffic channel (TCH) congestion rate. It has been focused to analyze the live network performance; irrespective of the discussions and modeling available in the literature. Different issues, findings, trials and improvements have been summarized and observations/recommendations have been listed to correlate the practical aspects of RF optimization, which affect the performance, and QoS of an operational cellular network.
On the strain rate-dependent deformation mechanism of CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy at liquid nitrogen temperature (2017)

In the present work, the deformation mechanisms of the CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy at 77 K were investigated using thermal activation analyses. The strain rate jump test was performed to estimate strain rate sensitivity and the activation volume of the alloy. Transmission electron microscopy analyses were performed to identify the evolution of twins at low temperatures. The insensitivity of activation volume to strain observed in the CoCrFeMnNi alloy at 77 K was different from the observed increase in the activation volume with strain at room temperature, which occurred due to the shearing of nanoscale inhomogeneities, such as co-clusters and short-range orders.
Photoinitiated modifications of polymers: photocrosslinking, surface photografting and photolamination (1998)

Based on extensive studies of photoinitiated reactions of synthetic polymers, processes for modification of sheets, films, filaments and yarn have been invented and developed. Using ultra violet irradiation, photocrosslinking of polyethylene melts as a continuous process on line with an extruder has been invented. Effective photocrosslinking has also been obtained for ethylene- propylene-diene (EPDM) elastomers and ultra high strength fibers of high density polyethylene (HDPE). A continuous process for surface modification of polymers by surface photografting has been invented and applied to strips of film, filaments and yarns. The inert surface of polyolefins, polyesters and polyamids, grafted with functional vinyl monomers, show decreased contact angle with water, increased adsorption of dyes and increased adhesion to other polymers. Photoinitiated lamination of polymer films and sheets has been invented and developed as a “bulk surface photografting process”. Two or more films and sheets are interdispersed with reactive layers of monomer and initiator and then bonded together by photoinitiated grafting with ultraviolet irradiation. The crosslinked network formed is grafted to two adjacent polymer surfaces. This gives laminates of high lamination strength, high barrier properties, and promising commercial applications.
The effects of two meal supplements on the progress of calves receiving autumn grass (1961)

1. Three groups, each comprising four Hereford-cross and four Friesian half-sib male calves, were fed milk substitute and offered grass cut from autumn pastures. Two of the groups received meal supplements of similar energy value but differing in protein content. The third group received no meal supplement. 2. As the consumption of meal rose the intake of herbage dry matter decreased but total dry matter intake increased. 3. The effects of the two meals on the progress of the calves were similar but not apparent until after the first 6 weeks. The lack of response to the high protein content of one meal suggests that energy may be the limiting factor to growth of calves reared on autumn pasture. 4. Hereford-cross calves which did not receive a meal supplement tended to make the best live-weight gains during the subsequent grazing season, but no such recovery was made by the Friesians.
Light emission from high bias Al-AlO<i>x</i>-Au tunnel junctions (1989)

An observation of the Al-AlOx-Au light emitting tunneling junctions deposited on the underlayers of CaF2 has been made. The applied bias can be up to 5.12 V at room temperature, and the efficiencies were in the 10−4 range and one order higher than before. The emission spectra are characterized by the cutoff frequency near 3.26 eV and the lack of the emission from the radiative mode of surface plasmon polariton.
Transducer for sensing string vibrational movement in two mutually perpendicular planes (1983)

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Small dipeptide-based HIV protease inhibitors containing the hydroxymethylcarbonyl isostere as an ideal transition-state mimic (1999)

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) codes for an aspartic protease known to be essential for retroviral maturation and replication. HIV protease is formed from two identical 99 amino acid peptides. We synthesized [(NHCH2CH2-S-CH2CO)51-52, Ala67,95]HIV-1 protease using the thioether chemical ligation method, and then prepared the [(NHCH2CH2-S-CH2CO)51-52, Ala67,95, Cys98]HIV-1 protease dimer analogue covalently linked by a disulfide bridge. These HIV-1 protease analogues effectively cleaved the Tyr-Phe-type substrate, but had weak affinity to the Tyr-Pro-type substrate. Consequently, the molecular recognition of the protease analogues differs from that of the wild-type enzyme. Based on the substrate transition state, we designed and synthesized a novel class of HIV protease inhibitors containing an unnatural amino acid, (2S, 3S)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyric acid, named allophenylnorstatine, with a hydroxymethylcarbonyl (HMC) isostere. The stereochemistry of the hydroxyl group was significant for the enzyme inhibition and the HMC group interacted excellently with the aspartic acid carboxyl groups of HIV protease active site in the essentially same hydrogen-bonding mode as the transition state. Small dipeptide-based HIV protease inhibitors containing the HMC isostere were studied as advantageous compounds. Among them, a dipeptide-based HIV protease inhibitor, KNI-577, exhibited potent antiviral activities, low cytotoxicity, and good pharmacokinetic properties.
Endothelial cell apoptosis in capillary network remodeling (1999)

We hypothesized that the regulation of apoptosis is an important determinant of capillary network structure. Using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in in vitro model systems of capillary tube formation, we initially documented that apoptosis is a prominent feature of network formation. Perturbations of integrin-matrix signaling by the administration of either colchicine or an anti-αvβ3 antibody resulted in the dissolution of the tubular network in association with increased apoptosis. The activation of the αvβ3 integrin induced increased expression of the anti-apoptotic gene bcl-2 and conferred resistance to the proapoptotic effect of TGF-β1. In contrast to the stable networks formed by HUVEC, bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) exhibited a more dynamic process of network formation and spontaneous involution. The inhibition of BAEC apoptosis by stable transfection of bcl-2 prevented the involution of the network. We hypothesized that TGF-β1 present within the model system mediated network involution by inducing BAEC death. Indeed, blockade of TGF-β1 with neutralizing antibodies reduced BAEC apoptosis and preserved the network structure. As observed with HUVEC networks, stable BAEC networks formed during blockade of TGF-β1 were also dependent on the survival-promoting effects of matrix-integrin interactions. This study suggests that capillary network structure is determined by the balance of proapoptotic vs. anti-apoptotic signals mediated by the engagement of cytokine and integrin receptors within the milieu. J. Cell. Physiol. 178:359–370, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Degradation and Removal Methods for Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Water (2016)

Several perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been identified as chemicals of concern in the environment due to their persistence, global ubiquity, and classification as reproductive and developmental toxicants, endocrine disrupters, and possible carcinogens. Multiple PFASs are often found together in the environment due to product manufacturing methods and abiotic and biotic transformations. Treatment methods are needed to effectively sequester or destroy a variety of PFASs from groundwater, drinking water, and wastewater. This review presents a comprehensive summary of several categories of treatment approaches: (1) sorption using activated carbon, ion exchange, or other sorbents, (2) advanced oxidation processes, including electrochemical oxidation, photolysis, and photocatalysis, (3) advanced reduction processes using aqueous iodide or dithionite and sulfite, (4) thermal and nonthermal destruction, including incineration, sonochemical degradation, sub- or supercritical treatment, microwave-hydrothermal treatment, and high-voltage electric discharge, (5) microbial treatment, and (6) other treatment processes, including ozonation under alkaline conditions, permanganate oxidation, vitamin-B12 and Ti(III) citrate reductive defluorination, and ball milling. Discussion of each treatment technology, including background, mechanisms, advances, and effectiveness, will inform the development of cost-effective PFAS remediation strategies based on environmental parameters and applicable methodologies. Further optimization of current technologies to analyze and remove or destroy PFASs below regulatory guidelines is needed. Due to the stability of PFASs, a combination of multiple treatment technologies will likely be required to effectively address real-world complexities of PFAS mixtures and cocontaminants present in environmental matrices.