gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
West nile virus meningoencephalitis and acute flaccid paralysis after infliximab treatment. (2006)

West Nile virus (WNV) can cause severe central nervous system (CNS) illnesses including meningoencephalitis (MNE) and acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). Risk factors include advanced age, immunosuppression, cancer, and diabetes. In vitro studies show that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has anti-WNV activity and is protective against WNV infection. Anti-TNF-a monoclonal antibodies may increase susceptibility to WNV by inhibiting an adequate TNF-a response, leading to prolonged viremia, viral penetration into the CNS, and fulminant WNV-CNS disease. We describe a fatal case of WNV with MNE and AFP after infliximab therapy. During WNV outbreaks, clinicians should encourage patients receiving anti-TNF-a drugs to take appropriate preventive measures because of the risk of severe WNV-CNS disease.
Framing QA as Building and Ranking Intersentence Answer Justifications (2017)

We propose a question answering (QA) approach for standardized science exams that both identifies correct answers and produces compelling human-readable justifications for why those answers are correct. Our method first identifies the actual information needed in a question using psycholinguistic concreteness norms, then uses this information need to construct answer justifications by aggregating multiple sentences from different knowledge bases using syntactic and lexical information. We then jointly rank answers and their justifications using a reranking perceptron that treats justification quality as a latent variable. We evaluate our method on 1,000 multiple-choice questions from elementary school science exams, and empirically demonstrate that it performs better than several strong baselines, including neural network approaches. Our best configuration answers 44% of the questions correctly, where the top justifications for 57% of these correct answers contain a compelling human-readable justification that explains the inference required to arrive at the correct answer. We include a detailed characterization of the justification quality for both our method and a strong baseline, and show that information aggregation is key to addressing the information need in complex questions.
A Symbolic Approach to the Fast Design of Industrial Piping Systems (1987)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes a new approach to the interactive design of industrial piping systems which is vastly faster and more responsive to a designer's actions. In the new approach, rather than attempting to model the piping system components as either polyhedral or quadric-surfaced solids, the piping components are represented symbolically in an isometric projection plane. The approach exploits the high degree of regularities inherent in piping system components and structures, and makes it possible to develop extremely fast algorithms for interactively designing a three-dimensional piping system, to subject it to transformations, to test it for interference, and to generate visible-line-only displays.</div>
Structural and biochemical characterization of a new type of lectin isolated from carp eggs (2003)

A previously unidentified glycoprotein present in the eggs of the carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) was isolated and structurally characterized. The protein binds to a Sepharose 4B matrix and can be eluted with 0.4 M N -acetylglucosamine. The protein has an apparent molecular mass of 26686.3 Da. On the basis of gel-filtration chromatography, the protein appears to be present in solution as a monomer. The sequence of its 238 amino acids, the position of its four disulphide bridges and the composition of its single N-linked carbohydrate chain were determined. The lectin shows a very low agglutinating activity for human A-type erythrocytes and interacts with both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. These latter interactions are inhibited by N -acetylglucosamine. A database search shows that its amino acid sequence is similar to that of the members of an invertebrate lectin family that includes tachylectin-1. Tachylectin-1 is present in the amoebocytes of the horseshoe crab, Tachypleus tridentatus, and plays a role in the innate defence system of this species. Homologous genes are also present in other fish, having 85% identity with a gene expressed in the oocytes of the crucian carp ( Carassius auratus gibelio ) and 78% identity with a gene in the cDNA library of the zebrafish ( Danio rerio ).
Fast accurate rendering (2008)

High quality (or photo-realistic) rendering is a computationally intense: farms of hundreds of servers take months to render movies with considerable special effects. However, considerable inherent parallelism means that the rendering time may be reduced by implementing key routines in hardware. Profiling of Pixie, an open source renderer, showed that ~ 95% of CPU cycles were used to calculate ray-triangle intersections. Implemented this routine for an FPGA showed speedups of 100, if data could be fed to the ray-triangle pipeline fast enough. Available busses have insufficient bandwidth, so we developed an architecture with most of the rendering pipeline on the FPGA surface. A key component of this architecture is a cache for object data which allows the system to render scenes of very high complexity (> 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> basic elements) using a usual memory hierarchy - bulk memory plus paging disc. The object cache retains commonly used objects, reducing the load on the system (eg PCI) bus.
Adaptive Supramolecular Nanomaterials Based on Strong Noncovalent Interactions (2011)

Noncovalent systems are adaptive and allow facile processing and recycling. Can they be at the same time robust? How can one rationally design such systems? Can they compete with high-performance covalent materials? The recent literature reveals that noncovalent systems can be robust yet adaptive, self-healing, and recyclable, featuring complex nanoscale structures and unique functions. We review such systems, focusing on the rational design of strong noncovalent interactions, kinetically controlled pathway-dependent processes, complexity, and function. The overview of the recent examples points at the emergent field of noncovalent nanomaterials that can represent a versatile, multifunctional, and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional covalent systems.
Some properties of neutral-salt-soluble collagen. 1 (1960)

Research Article| September 01 1960 Some properties of neutral-salt-soluble collagen. 1 J. H. Fessler J. H. Fessler 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1960) 76 (3): 452–463. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0760452 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation J. H. Fessler; Some properties of neutral-salt-soluble collagen. 1. Biochem J 1 September 1960; 76 (3): 452–463. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0760452 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1960 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1960 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Co-reservation with the concept of virtual resources (2005)

We present an architectural framework for specifying and processing co-reservations in grid environments. Compared to other approaches, our co-reservation framework is more general. It can be applied to the reservation of applications running concurrently on multiple resources (multi-site applications) and to the planning of job flows, where the components may be linked by some temporal or spatial relationship. We introduce the concept of virtual resources that allows to compose resources by abstracting from their specific features. Among other features, virtual resources enable advanced co-reservation with nested resource levels, resource aggregation, and transparent fault recovery.
Thermal performance of oxide-free lithographic VCSELs (2011)

Oxide-free lithographic vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are characterized for their thermal properties. VCSELs with minimum threshold temperatures ≥ 20 °C demonstrate lasing at heat sink temperatures ≥ 190 °C, with high rollover cavity temperatures.
Comparison of Inflammation in the Brain and Spinal Cord following Mechanical Injury (2008)

Inflammation in the CNS predominantly involves microglia and macrophages, and is believed to be a significant cause of secondary injury following trauma. This study compares the microglial and macrophage response in the rat brain and spinal cord following discrete mechanical injury to better appreciate the degree to which these cells could contribute to secondary damage in these areas. We find that, 1 week after injury, the microglial and macrophage response is significantly greater in the spinal cord compared to the brain. This is the case for injuries to both gray and white matter. In addition, we observed a greater inflammatory response in white matter compared to gray matter within both the brain and spinal cord. Because activated microglia and macrophages appear to be effectors of secondary damage, a greater degree of inflammation in the spinal cord is likely to result in more extensive secondary damage. Tissue saving strategies utilizing anti-inflammatory treatments may therefore be more useful in traumatic spinal cord than brain injury.
Population-Based Study of the Risk of Second Primary Contralateral Breast Cancer Associated With Carrying a Mutation in<i>BRCA1</i>or<i>BRCA2</i> (2010)

The risks of subsequent contralateral breast cancer are substantial for women who carry a BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation. These findings have important clinical relevance regarding the assessment of BRCA1/BRCA2 status in patients with breast cancer and the counseling and clinical management of patients found to carry a mutation.
[Restoration, by glycine betaine, of growth and enzyme activities of Escherichia coli Lac-mutants]. (1988)

Lac- mutants of Escherichia coli which presented a growth triggered by adding glycine betaine to the medium were isolated and characterized. Glycine betaine restores beta-galactosidase (strain AM 12) and lactose permease (strain AT42) activities. It is suggested that the right and active conformation of these enzymes, lost during mutagenesis, is restored, in vivo, in presence of this betaine.
Direct‐Current Polarization During Field‐Assisted Glass‐Metal Sealing (1970)

Thin plates of borosilicate glass were polarized near the annealing point with a dc voltage of typically 600 V. From the measurements of capacitance and current, the width of the polarized region and the electric field within the region were deduced. The results indicate that the glass layer adjacent the anode becomes depleted of positive sodium ions and of compensating negative charge. As a result, the electric field in the layer acquires a maximum value of the order of 10 6 V/cm. Some implications of the process with regard to field‐assisted glass‐metal sealing are discussed.
Influence of residual stress/strain on the biomechanical stability of vulnerable coronary plaques: potential impact for evaluating the risk of plaque rupture (2007)

In a vulnerable plaque (VP), rupture often occurs at a site of high stress within the cap. It is also known that vessels do not become free of stress when all external loads are removed. Previous studies have shown that such residual stress/strain (RS/S) tends to make the stress distribution more uniform throughout the media of a normal artery. However, the influence of RS/S on the wall stress distribution in pathological coronaries remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of RS/S on the biomechanical stability of VPs. RS/S patterns were studied ex vivo in six human vulnerable coronary plaque samples. Because the existence of RS/S can only be assessed by releasing it, the opening angle technique was the experimental approach used to study the geometrical opening configurations of the diseased arteries, producing an arterial wall in a near-zero stress state. Reciprocally, these opening geometries were used in finite element simulations to reconstruct the RS/S distributions in closed arteries. It was found that the RS/S 1) is not negligible, 2) dramatically affects the physiological peak stress amplitude in the thin fibrous cap, 3) spotlights some new high stress areas, and 4) could be a landmark of the lipid core's developmental process within a VP. This study demonstrates that plaque rupture is not to be viewed as a consequence of intravascular pressure alone, but rather of a subtle combination of external loading and intraplaque RS/S.
Application of fracture-mechanics theory to fatigue failure of optical glass fibers (1978)

The fatigue behavior of optical glass fibers was determined in air at 23°C and 55% relative humidity by the dynamic-fatigue test technique in which strength is measured as a function of stressing rate. The good correlation found between the fatigue test data and fracture-mechanics theory indicates that failure is controlled by slow crack growth of preexisting flaws and that fracture-mechanics theory can be used in making failure predictions for optical glass fibers.
Characterization of a Highly Conserved Binding Site of Mlh1 Required for Exonuclease I-Dependent Mismatch Repair (2008)

Mlh1 is an essential factor of mismatch repair (MMR) and meiotic recombination. It interacts through its C-terminal region with MutL homologs and proteins involved in DNA repair and replication. In this study, we identified the site of yeast Mlh1 critical for the interaction with Exo1, Ntg2, and Sgs1 proteins, designated as site S2 by reference to the Mlh1/Pms1 heterodimerization site S1. We show that site S2 is also involved in the interaction between human MLH1 and EXO1 or BLM. Binding at this site involves a common motif on Mlh1 partners that we called the MIP-box for the Mlh1 interacting protein box. Direct and specific interactions between yeast Mlh1 and peptides derived from Exo1, Ntg2, and Sgs1 and between human MLH1 and peptide derived from EXO1 and BLM were measured with K(d) values ranging from 8.1 to 17.4 microM. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a mutant of Mlh1 targeted at site S2 (Mlh1-E682A) behaves as a hypomorphic form of Exo1. The site S2 in Mlh1 mediates Exo1 recruitment in order to optimize MMR-dependent mutation avoidance. Given the conservation of Mlh1 and Exo1 interaction, it may readily impact Mlh1-dependent functions such as cancer prevention in higher eukaryotes.
Effects of chemopreventive selenium compounds on Jun N-kinaseactivities (1996)

Activation of Jun-N-kinases (JNK) is stimulated by diverse agents including UV-irradiation, heat shock, tumor necrosis factor and osmotic shock. In the present study we have elucidated the effect of the organoselenium chemopreventive agent 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate (p-XSC, on UV-mediated JNK activation. Using mouse fibroblasts as a model cell system we found that low concentrations (1-10 microM range) of p-XSC did not affect JNK activity, yet were capable of potentiating JNK activity when administered prior to UV-irradiation. While higher doses of p-XSC have minimal effect on JNK activation, when combined with UV, there is a dose-dependent decrease in JNK activation. Similar to its effects on JNK, p-XSC is a potent inducer of src-related tyrosine kinases. p-XSC mediated changes in JNK activation correlate with its ability to potentiate the association of JNK with p21ras, in a manner similar to that we have previously observed with GTP or sodium vanadate. That p-XSC can modulate JNK activities points to a possible mechanism by which it contributes to the cell's ability to cope with stress.
GM3 synthase deficiency due to <i>ST3GAL5</i> variants in two Korean female siblings: Masquerading as Rett syndrome‐like phenotype (2016)

There have been a few reports of GM3 synthase deficiency since the disease of the ganglioside biosynthetic pathway was first reported in 2004. It is characterized by infantile-onset epilepsy with severe intellectual disability, blindness, cutaneous dyspigmentation, and choreoathetosis. Here we report the cases of two Korean female siblings with ST3GAL5 variants, who presented with a Rett-like phenotype. They had delayed speech, hand stereotypies with a loss of purposeful hand movements, and choreoathetosis, but no clinical seizures. One of them had microcephaly, while the other had small head circumference less than 10th centile. There were no abnormal laboratory findings with the exception of a high lactate level. MECP2/CDKL5/FOXG1 genetic tests with an array comparative genomic hybridization revealed no molecular defects. Through whole-exome sequencing of the proband, we found compound heterozygous ST3GAL5 variants (p.Gly201Arg and p.Cys195Ser), both of which were novel. The siblings were the same compound heterozygotes and their unaffected parents were heterozygous carriers of each variant. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis confirmed a low level of GM3 and its downstream metabolites, indicating GM3 synthase deficiency. These cases expanded the clinical and genetic spectrum of the ultra-rare disease, GM3 synthase deficiency with ST3GAL5 variants. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ceftobiprole Is Superior to Vancomycin, Daptomycin, and Linezolid for Treatment of Experimental Endocarditis in Rabbits Caused by Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2009)

Beta lactam agents are the most active drugs for the treatment of streptococci and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. However, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is resistant to all beta lactam agents licensed to date, and alternative treatments are limited. Ceftobiprole is a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin that binds with high affinity to PBP 2a, the penicillin binding protein that mediates the methicillin resistance of staphylococci and is active against MRSA. Ceftobiprole was compared to vancomycin, daptomycin, and linezolid in a rabbit model of MRSA aortic valve endocarditis caused by the homogeneously methicillin-resistant laboratory strain COL. Residual organisms in vegetations were significantly fewer in ceftobiprole-treated rabbits than in any other treatment group (P<0.05 for each comparison). In addition, the numbers of organisms in spleens and in kidneys were significantly lower in ceftobiprole-treated rabbits than in linezolid- and vancomycin-treated animals (P<0.05 for each comparison). Anti-MRSA beta lactam agents such as ceftobiprole may represent a significant therapeutic advance over currently available agents for the treatment of MRSA endocarditis.
Rootkits on Smart Phones: Attacks and Implications (2009)

Smart phones are increasingly being equipped with operating systems that compare in complexity with those on desktop computers. This trend makes smart phone operating systems vulnerable to many of the same threats as desktop operating systems. This paper examines the threat posed by rootkits to smart phones. Rootkits are malware that stealthily achieve their goals by modifying operating system code and data, and have long been a problem for desktops. However, smart phones expose several unique interfaces, such as voice, GPS and battery, that rootkits can exploit in novel ways. These attacks can have serious social consequences, ranging from loss of privacy to denial of service during emergencies. This paper demonstrates the threat of smart phone rootkits with three novel attacks. We implemented rootkits that allow a remote attacker to: (1) snoop on a victim’s confidential conversations; (2) snoop on a victim’s geographical location; and (3) stealthily exhaust the battery on a victim’s phone. We also discuss the social implications of each of these attacks.
Generation of software renovation factories from compilers (1999)

When a compiler is designed carefully, it is possible to extract its grammar. We reengineer the extracted grammar to one that is geared towards reengineering. From this reengineering grammar we generate an architecture called a software renovation factory. This includes: generic analysis and transformation functionality and a native pattern language using the concrete syntax of the language for which the renovation is necessary. Moreover, we generate the grammar in HTML format so that reengineers can quickly understand the language. We applied our approach successfully to an exceptionally complex and large proprietary language. Our approach enables rapid development of software renovation factories. We believe that our approach can partly solve the lack of Year 2000 tool support for many languages.
Problems Associated with the Ability of Elementary School Children to Successfully Retrieve Material in the School Library Media Center and Some Alternative Methods of Classification Which May Help to Alleviate These Problems (1996)

Abstract This paper addresses some to the problems associated with the ability of elementary school children to successfully retrieve material in the school library media center using either the card or computer catalogues and presents some alternative methods of classification which may help to alleviate these problems. Primary objectives of the paper include inquiry into the need for an alternative method of classification for children, whether children of elementary school age have the ability to successfully use a system of classification, the extent to which the use of colors and/or symbols as search aides may facilitate children/s search efforts and the steps involved in the evolution of such an alternative classification system. Several case studies are examined and a detailed case study of The Common School Library in Amherst, Massachusetts is presented. Findings of this study indicate that children do have the ability to use a classification system which is designed in keeping with their developmental level and that the use of colors and/or symbols as supplementary search tools does facilitate children/s search efforts. The author also presents recommendations regarding the use of alternative systems of classification with other segments of the population who may have difficulty using standard means of library classification.
Analysis of noise-reducing phase retrieval (2016)

Previous work described a phase retrieval algorithm that accepts highly noisy Fourier modulus data and uses the numerous constraints on the coherence data, the image, and their interrelations to obtain high-quality images. In the context of intensity correlation imaging, computational results have shown that the technique is able to reduce the necessary imaging time by many orders of magnitude. The present paper is a theoretical examination of the algorithm, including the issues of convergence, the properties of the convergent image, and the relation between invariance of the image to random initial conditions and the accuracy of the foreground specification.
Prenatal Micronutrient Supplementation and Intellectual and Motor Function in Early School-aged Children in Nepal (2010)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00115271.