gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real Time Video Copy Detection under the Environments of Video Degradation and Editing (2008)

In the last decade, several effective algorithms have been developed in the areas of content based video retrieval and copy detection. However, the task of video copy detection becomes more difficult when the target video sequences available are in degraded or edited format. In this paper, we propose an improved method of video signatures generation and comparison to detect the copy of query video clip in the spatiotemporally altered real time target video streams. Furthermore, several experiments have been conducted with various sizes of rank matrices obtained from video frame partitions in order to infer the optimum sizes of the rank matrices.
Imaging Correlates of Molecular Signatures in Oligodendrogliomas (2004)

Molecular subsets of oligodendroglioma behave in biologically distinct ways. Their locations in the brain, rates of growth, and responses to therapy differ with their genotypes. Retrospectively, we inquired whether allelic loss of chromosomal arms 1p and 19q, an early molecular event and favorable prognostic marker in oligodendrogliomas, were reflected in their appearance on magnetic resonance imaging. Loss of 1p and 19q was associated with an indistinct border on T(1) images and mixed intensity signal on T(1) and T(2). Loss of 1p and 19q was also associated with paramagnetic susceptibility effect and with calcification, a common histopathological finding in oligodendrogliomas. These data encourage prospective evaluation of molecular alterations and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of glial neoplasms.
Dielectric bifocal lenses (2005)

A study has been made of the scanning properties of solid dielectric bifocal lenses. In two dimensions, a bifocal lens is a two-surface lens, symmetric about an axis, designed to collimate the rays from a primary point source lccated at either of two conjugate off-axis positions into plane waves making angles <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+\alpha</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-\alpha</tex> respectively with the axis. A point-by-point technique used in computing the lens surfaces is discussed. Three-dimensional polystyrene lenses, each about 50 wavelengths in diameter and with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\alpha = 20\deg</tex> , were built by rotating two-dimensional designs about their axes. The optical aberrations and the radiation patterns of three such lenses are described.
ETD-Cache (2015)

Recently flash-based solid-state drives (SSDs) have been widely deployed as cache devices to boost system performance. However, classical SSD cache algorithms (e.g. LRU) replace the cached data frequently to maintain high hit rates. Such aggressive data updating strategies result in too many writing operations on SSDs and make them wear out quickly, which finally leads to high costs of SSDs for enterprise applications. In this paper, we propose a novel Expiration-Time Driven Cache (ETD-Cache) method to solve this problem. In ETD-Cache, an active data eviction mechanism is adopted. An already cached block leaves the SSD cache if and only if there is no access to it for a time longer than a specified expiration time. This mechanism gives more time for the cached contents to wait for their following accesses and limits the admission of newly arrived blocks to generate less SSD writes. In addition, a low-overhead candidate management module is designed to maintain the most popular data in the system for the potential cache replacement. The simulations driven by a series of typical real-world traces indicate that due to the great reduction on data updating frequency, ETD-Cache lowers the total SSD costs by 98.45% compared with LRU under the same cache hit rate.
Nanosensors for Regenerative Medicine (2014)

Assessing biodistribution, fate, and function of implanted therapeutic cells in preclinical animal experiments is critical to realize safe, effective and efficient treatments for subsequent implementation within the clinic. Currently, tissue histology, the most prevalent analytical technique to meet this need, is limited by end-point analysis, high cost and long preparation time. Moreover, it is disadvantaged by an inability to monitor in real-time, qualitative interpretation and ethical issues arising from animal sacrifice. While genetic engineering techniques allow cells to express molecules with detectable signals (e.g., fluorescence, luminescence, T1 (spin-lattice)/T2 (spin-spin) contrast in magnetic resonance imaging, radionuclide), concerns arise regarding technical complexity, high-cost of genetic manipulation, as well as mutagenic cell dysfunction. Alternatively, cells can be labeled using nanoparticle-sensors-nanosensors that emit signals to identify cell location, status and function in a simple, cost-effective, and non-genetic manner. This review article provides the definition, classification, evolution, and applications of nanosensor technology and focuses on how they can be utilized in regenerative medicine. Several examples of direct applications include: (1) monitoring post-transplantation cell behavior, (2) revealing host response following foreign biomaterial implantation, and (3) optimization of cell bioprocess operating conditions. Incorporating nanosensors is expected to expedite the development of cell-based regenerative medicine therapeutics.
The Role of Phosphorylation in Synucleinopathies: Focus on Parkinsons Disease (2010)

Synuclein is a soluble, natively unfolded protein that is highly enriched in the presynaptic terminals of neurons in the central nervous system. Interest in -synuclein has increased markedly following the discovery of a relationship between its dysfunction and several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease. The physiological functions of -synuclein remain to be fully defined, although recent data suggest a role in regulating membrane stability and neuronal plasticity. In addition, there is increasing evidence pointing to phosphorylation as playing an important role in the oligomerization, fibrillogenesis, Lewy body formation, and neurotoxicity of -syncline in Parkinson's disease. Immunohistochemical and biochemical studies reveal that the majority of -synuclein within inclusions from patients with Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies is phosphorylated at Ser129. -Synuclein can be phosphorylated in vitro also at Ser87, and three C-terminal tyrosine residues (Tyr125, Tyr 133, and Tyr136). Tyrosine 125 phosphorylation diminishes during the normal aging process in both humans and flies. Notably, cortical tissue from patients with Parkinson's disease-related synucleinopathy dementia with Lewy bodies showed less phosphorylation at Tyr125. While phosphorylation at Ser87 is enhanced in synucleinopathies, it inhibits -synuclein oligomerization, and influences synuclein-membrane interactions. The possibility that -synuclein neurotoxicity in Parkinson's disease and related synucleinopathies may result from an imbalance between the detrimental, oligomer-promoting effect of Ser129 phosphorylation and a neuroprotective action of Ser87/Tyr125 phosphorylation that inhibits toxic oligomer formation merits consideration, as will be discussed in this article.
The Amplatzer™ Cardiac Plug 2 for left atrial appendage occlusion: novel features and first-in-man experience (2013)

Percutaneous left atrial appendage (LAA) closure is becoming a frequently performed procedure for patients with atrial fibrillation and high haemorrhagic risk. The Amplatzer™ Cardiac Plug (ACP) is one of the most commonly used devices for this purpose. Despite high success rate and low procedure risk associated with the ACP, a second generation of the device is now available. The new ACP has been designed to facilitate the implantation process, improve sealing performance and further reduce the risk of complications. The present report focuses on the novel features of the second generation of the Amplatzer™ Cardiac Plug (ACP 2 or Amulet™) and describes the first-in-man experience.
Epitaxial Synthesis of Diamond in the Metastable Region (1970)

Recent trends in the preparation of synthetic diamonds, relying on the influence of surface forces exerted by the diamond seed crystal on the carbon deposition processes, are discussed. Epitaxial synthesis can occur from carbon-containing gases or from molten metals. Foreign publications and patents are discussed as well as the work of Soviet scientists. The preparation and properties of filamentary and of isometric diamond crystals, prepared at low pressures for the first time, are also discussed. 22 references.
Long-Term Seasonal Abundance Patterns of Helicoverpa zea and Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Texas High Plains (2004)

Bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), male adult (moth) activities were monitored between 1982 and 1995 by using sex pheromone traps in the Texas High Plains. Moths were monitored weekly from early March to mid-November near Lubbock and Halfway, two prominent cotton production areas in the Texas High Plains region. Based on trap captures, the bollworm-budworm complex consisted of approximately 98% bollworms and approximately 2% tobacco budworms. Seasonal activity patterns varied between location for bollworm but not for tobacco budworm. The 14-yr average (+/- SE) bollworm moth abundance (moths per trap per week) at Lubbock was significantly higher (226.5 +/- 10.4) compared with that at Halfway (153.7 +/- 8.1). Correlation analyses showed a significant positive relationship between moth abundance and average weekly temperatures, whereas a significant negative relationship was observed between moth abundance and average weekly wind velocity for both species. Analyses also showed a positive correlation between moth abundance and cumulative degree-days (> 0.0 degrees C) from 1 January. A strong positive relationship was observed between moth abundance and weekly average precipitation for both species. Average weekly abundances were positively correlated between adjacent months during most of the active cotton fruiting season (June-September). However, the relationship between populations that contributed to the overwintering generation and the following spring populations varied between species and study sites. Nevertheless, data from this study indicated that late-season moth catches could be indicative of the dynamics of the early-season moth catches the following year in the High Plains. The mean population abundance curve based on 14-yr averages showed two bollworm population peaks at Lubbock, but only one peak at Halfway. Separate degree-day-based models were developed to describe long-term seasonal abundance patterns of bollworm moths for the Lubbock and Halfway sites.
Thermal aberration control in projection lens (2008)

In order to respond to the constant demand for more productivity in the manufacture of IC devices, higher throughput and higher resolution are fundamental requirements for each new generation of exposure tools. However, meeting both requirements lead to unwanted aberration we refer to as "thermal aberration". In our experience, the problem of the thermal aberrations does not correlated only to the duration of heavy use. It depends very strongly on both the optical settings and the mask patterns, also even on the specific interaction between the two. So, even if using the same illumination configurations, there is a possibility to observe different distribution of thermal aberrations. In this paper, we define and investigate various patterns to be used as targets for thermal aberrations compensation. These patterns are identified as the "weak patterns" of the thermal aberration. We assess several cases of thermal aberrations, and show how the optimized compensation for each is determined and then applied on the actual exposure tools.
POPULATION BIOLOGY OF HIV-1 INFECTION: Viral and CD4<sup>+</sup>T Cell Demographics and Dynamics in Lymphatic Tissues (1999)

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) is usually transmitted through sexual contact and in the very early stages of infection establishes a persistent infection in lymphatic tissues (LT). Virus is produced and stored at this site in a dynamic process that slowly depletes the immune system of CD4+ T cells, setting the stage for AIDS. In this review, I describe the changes in viral and CD4+ T cell populations in LT over the course of infection and after treatment. I present recent evidence that productively infected CD4+ T cells play an important role in establishing persistent infection from the onset, and that the LT are the major reservoir where virus is produced and stored on follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). I discuss the methods used to define the size of viral and CD4+ T cell populations in LT and the nature of virus-host cell interactions in vivo. These experimental approaches have identified populations of latently and chronically infected cells in which virus can elude host defenses, perpetuate infection, and escape eradication by highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART). I discuss the dramatic impact of HAART on suppressing virus production, reducing the pool of stored virus, and restoring CD4+ T cell populations. I discuss the contributions of thymopoiesis and other renewal mechanisms, lymphatic homeostasis and trafficking to these changes in CD4+ T cell populations in LT, and conclude with a model of immune depletion and repopulation based on the limited regenerative capacity of the adult and the uncompensated losses of productively infected cells that treatment stems. The prediction of this model is that immune regeneration will be slow, variable, and partial. It is nonetheless encouraging to know that even in late stages of infection, control of active replication of HIV-1 provides an opportunity for the immune system to recover from the injuries inflicted by infection.
Enhancing the light-matter interaction using slow light: towards the concept of dense light (2012)

A couple of experiments are here presented to clarify the impact of slow light on light-matter interaction. The experiments are designed, so that the process generating slow light and the probed light-matter interaction only present a marginal cross-effect. The impact of slow light on simple molecular absorption could be separately evaluated under either material or structural slow light propagation in the same medium and led to an entirely different response.
A wet oxidation procedure suitable for the determination of nitrogen and mineral nutrients in biological material (1975)

Abstract A digestion mixture suitable for the decomposition of soil and plant materials is described. This is based on sulphuric acid and hydrogen peroxide as oxidants with the addition of lithium sulphate to elevate the digestion temperature and selenium as catalyst. The subsequent solution is suitable for the determination of nitrogen, phosphorus and most mineral ions. A series of tests have been carried out to determine optimum conditions and check elemental recoveries and the procedure is compared with alternative systems.
Inverse Transient Analysis in Pipe Networks (1994)

Modern monitoring devices can inexpensively extract a huge amount of data from water‐distribution systems through measurements of pressure (and sometimes flows). These data can be used in algorithms for transient analysis, time‐lagged calculations, inverse calculations, and event detection to continuously determine the calibration and the general state of health of the distribution system. The last three calculations depend on the first. The most useful of those three is the inverse calculation, which can calibrate while determining leaks or unauthorized use. A key to efficient calculation is the adjoint solution of the system (generally easier than the transient analysis) to find gradient data and a Jacobian matrix. These are used to find a Hessian matrix, which is used in the Levenberg‐Marquardt method to adjust parameters so as to minimize the difference between calculated and measured heads. The adjoint method is also used to compute sensitivities, which are valuable in judging the quality of the solution.
Quercetin Inhibits the Production of IL-1β-Induced Inflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines in ARPE-19 Cells via the MAPK and NF-κB Signaling Pathways (2019)

Quercetin, a bioflavonoid derived from vegetables and fruits, exerts anti-inflammatory effects in various diseases. Our previous study revealed that quercetin could suppress the expression of matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) to achieve anti-inflammatory effects in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-stimulated human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells. The present study explored whether quercetin can inhibit the interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in ARPE-19 cells. Prior to stimulation by IL-1β, ARPE-19 cells were pretreated with quercetin at various concentrations (2.5-20 µM). The results showed that quercetin could dose-dependently decrease the mRNA and protein levels of ICAM-1, IL-6, IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). It also attenuated the adherence of the human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 to IL-1β-stimulated ARPE-19 cells. We also demonstrated that quercetin inhibited signaling pathways related to the inflammatory process, including phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), inhibitor of nuclear factor κ-B kinase (IKK)α/β, c-Jun, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65, and blocked the translocation of NF-κB p65 into the nucleus. Furthermore, MAPK inhibitors including an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 inhibitor (U0126), a p38 inhibitor (SB202190) and a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor (SP600125) decreased the expression of soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1), but not ICAM-1. U0126 and SB202190 could inhibit the expression of IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1, but SP600125 could not. An NF-κB inhibitor (Bay 11-7082) also reduced the expression of ICAM-1, sICAM-1, IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1. Taken together, these results provide evidence that quercetin protects ARPE-19 cells from the IL-1β-stimulated increase in ICAM-1, sICAM-1, IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 production by blocking the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways to ameliorate the inflammatory response.
Swallowing-related activities of respiratory and non-respiratory neurons in the nucleus of solitary tract in the rat (2002)

Swallowing-related activity was examined in respiratory (n= 60) and non-respiratory (n= 82) neurons that were located in and around the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) in decerebrated, neuromuscularly blocked and artificially ventilated rats. Neurons that were orthodromically activated by electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) were identified, and fictive swallowing was evoked by SLN stimulation. The pharyngeal phase of swallowing was monitored by hypoglossal nerve activity. Two types of non-respiratory neurons with swallowing-related bursts were identified: 'early' swallowing neurons (n= 24) fired during periods of hypoglossal bursts, and 'late' swallowing neurons (n= 8) fired after the end of hypoglossal bursts. The remaining non-respiratory neurons were either suppressed (n= 21) or showed no change in activity (n= 29) during swallowing. On the other hand, respiratory neurons with SLN inputs included 56 inspiratory and four expiratory neurons. Inspiratory neurons were classified into two major types: a group of neurons discharged simultaneously with hypoglossal bursts (type 1 neurons, n= 19), while others were silent during bursts but were active during inter-hypoglossal bursts when swallowing was provoked repetitively (type 2 neurons, n= 34). Three of the expiratory neurons fired during hypoglossal bursts. Many of the swallowing-related non-respiratory neurons and the majority of the inspiratory neurons received presumed monosynaptic inputs from the SLN. Details of the distribution and firing patterns of these NTS neurons, which have been revealed for the first time in a fictive swallowing preparation in the rat, suggest their participation in the initiation, pattern formation and mutual inhibition between swallowing and respiration.
Recent thiazolidinediones as antidiabetics (2007)

Thiazolidinediones, a class of oral insulin sensitizing agents that improve insulin resistance, are agonists of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-Y (PPAR-y). Two clinically used drugs pioglitazone (ACTOS) and rosiglitazone (AVANDIA) have made a great contribution to therapy for type 2 diabetes. However, weight gain and hepatotoxicity are side effects of thiazolidinediones. For thiazolidinediones with lesser side effects, researchers are focusing on modification of side chain at C-5 of thiazolidinedione nucleus and its derivatization, Netoglitazone possesses both PPAR-α/γ dual agonistic activity. More thiazolidinedione derivatives like DRF-2189, PHT46, PMT13, DRF-2519 can be utilized as potent antidiabetic agents in future.
Middle-atmosphere positive ion measurements during solar eclipses (1985)

Solar effects on middle-atmosphere electrical parameters, as demonstrated by eclipse-associated responses of conductivity, ion mobility, and charge density, are considered for the total solar eclipses at Red Lake, Ontario, Canada on February 26, 1979 and at San Marco range, Kenya, on February 16, 1980. Negative-conductivity measurements for the Canadian eclipse and probe-current measurements for the Kenyan eclipse demonstrate a rapid loss of free electrons below 80 km at totality. During the Kenyan eclipse, positive-ion responses were different for each of two distinct ion mobility groups. Between 45 and 60 km, eclipse-related positive-ion responses are associated with the low-mobility ions. It is shown that these ions are lost at totality and that an excess buildup occurs following totality. Above 70 km, positive-ion loss at totality is associated with the more mobile ions and only low-mobility positive ions are measured in this region. The buildup in total ion density following totality is thought to result from a reduction in ion loss associated with weak-electron recovery in the region.
HTS: A Hardware Task Scheduler for Heterogeneous Systems (2019)

As the Moore's scaling era comes to an end, application specific hardware accelerators appear as an attractive way to improve the performance and power efficiency of our computing systems. A massively heterogeneous system with a large number of hardware accelerators along with multiple general purpose CPUs is a promising direction, but pose several challenges in terms of the run-time scheduling of tasks on the accelerators and design granularity of accelerators. This paper addresses these challenges by developing an example heterogeneous system to enable multiple applications to share the available accelerators. We propose to design accelerators at a lower abstraction to enable applications to be broken down into tasks that can be mapped on several accelerators. We observe that several real-life workloads can be broken down into common primitives that are shared across many workloads. Finally, we propose and design a hardware task scheduler inspired by the hardware schedulers in out-of-order superscalar processors to efficiently utilize the accelerators in the system by scheduling tasks in out-of-order and even speculatively. We evaluate the proposed system on both real-life and synthetic benchmarks based on Digital Signal Processing~(DSP) applications. Compared to executing the benchmark on a system with sequential scheduling, proposed scheduler achieves up to 12x improvement in performance.