gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Obesity and cardiac function. (1981)

We studied 10 obese volunteers, mean age 36.5 +/- 10.3 years, who weighed 123.56 +/- 28.7 g and were 69.96 +/- 22.5 kg overweight. The subjects did not have diabetes, arterial hypertension or signs of cardiac and respiratory failure or disease and all underwent right- and left-heart catheterization. cardiac output and stroke volume were high, according to increased oxygen consumption and to the degree of obesity. Ventricular end-diastolic and atrial pressures ranged from normal to high and correlated with body weight, signs of volume overloading and reduced left ventricular (LV) compliance. The mean pulmonary artery pressure was elevated and correlated well with weight, pulmonary resistance being normal; mean aortic pressure did not correlate with weight, and systemic arterial resistance tended to have a negative correlation. The LV function curve showed impaired ventricular function, particularly for the heaviest subjects, in whom Vmax and the ratio of the stroke work index to LV end-diastolic pressure were reduced. These indexes correlated well with each other and both correlated negatively with the degree of obesity. In contrast, maximal dP/dt was normal and did not correlate with excess weight. These observations show that depressed LV function is already present in relatively young obese people, even if they are free from signs of cardiopathy and other associate diseases. The degree of impairment of heart function seems to parallel the degree of obesity.
A Generative Modeling Framework for Structured Hidden Speech Dynamics (2005)

We outline a structured speech model, as a special and perhaps extreme form of probabilistic generative modeling. The model is equipped with long-contextual-span capabilities that are missing in the HMM approach. Compact (and physically meaningful) parameterization of the model is made possible by the continuity constraint in the hidden vocal tract resonance (VTR) domain. The target-directed VTR dynamics jointly characterize coarticulation and incomplete articulation (reduction). Preliminary evaluation results are presented on the standard TIMIT phonetic recognition task, showing the best result in this task reported in the literature without using many heterogeneous classifier combinations. The pros and cons of our structured generative modeling approach, in comparison with the structured discriminative classification approach, are discussed. 1
An <i>in Situ</i> X-ray Structural Study of Olefin Block and Random Copolymers under Uniaxial Deformation (2010)

The structure, morphology, and orientation development during deformation of an olefin block copolymer (OBC) and an olefin random copolymer (ORC), based on ethylene−octene composition and with similar overall density, were investigated by in situ synchrotron X-ray scattering and diffraction techniques at room temperature and 60 °C. It was found that the original OBC contained only orthorhombic crystals, while the original ORC contained mixed orthorhombic and hexagonal crystals. Under deformation at room temperature, monoclinic crystals were induced in both polymers due to the transformation of orthorhombic crystals under elongation. Under deformation at 60 °C, as monoclinic crystals are thermally unstable, the orthorhombic form became dominant. Upon stretching, the crystal structure in ORC became aligned with a higher degree of orientation along the drawing direction than that of OBC. This different behavior could be attributed to the low chain shuttling agent level of studied OBC, resulting in relatively broader molecular weight distribution and very few hard and soft blocks in one polymer chain, and high octene comonomer content in soft blocks and thus low-density noncrystallizable blocks. Both factors lead to a less effective network structure under deformation than that of ORC with the same density.
Generating Point Cloud from Measurements and Shapes Based on Convolutional Neural Network: An Application for Building 3D Human Model (2019)

It has been widely known that 3D shape models are comprehensively parameterized using point cloud and meshes. The point cloud particularly is much simpler to handle compared with meshes, and it also contains the shape information of a 3D model. In this paper, we would like to introduce our new method to generating the 3D point cloud from a set of crucial measurements and shapes of importance positions. In order to find the correspondence between shapes and measurements, we introduced a method of representing 3D data called slice structure. A Neural Networks-based hierarchical learning model is presented to be compatible with the data representation. Primary slices are generated by matching the measurements set before the whole point cloud tuned by Convolutional Neural Network. We conducted the experiment on a 3D human dataset which contains 1706 examples. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework with the average error 7.72% and fine visualization. This study indicates that paying more attention to local features is worthwhile when dealing with 3D shapes.
Observation of dislocation stresses in InP using polarization-resolved photoluminescence (1992)

Localized stresses have been observed on the surface of InP wafers using spatially resolved and polarization-resolved photoluminescence. These stresses have been identified as the stress fields around individual dislocations based on the match in shape and magnitude between calculated and observed stress patterns. This technique provides an accurate, nondestructive method of detecting and characterizing dislocations in InP and other luminescent semiconductors.
Regression Models for a Bivariate Discrete and Continuous Outcome with Clustering (1995)

Abstract Developmental toxicity studies of laboratory animals play a crucial role in the testing and regulation of chemicals and pharmaceutical compounds. Exposure to developmental toxicants typically causes a variety of adverse effects, such as fetal malformations and reduced fetal weight at term. In this article, we discuss regression methods for jointly analyzing bivariate discrete and continuous outcomes that are motivated by the statistical problems that arise in analyzing data from developmental toxicity studies. We focus on marginal regression models; that is, models in which the marginal expectation of the bivariate response vector is related to a set of covariates by some known link functions. In these models the regression parameters for the marginal expectation are of primary scientific interest, whereas the association between the binary and continuous response is considered to be a nuisance characteristic of the data. We describe a likelihood-based approach, based on the general location model of Olkin and Tate, that yields maximum likelihood estimates of the marginal mean parameters that are robust to misspecification of distributional assumptions. Finally, we describe an extension of this model to allow for clustering, using generalized estimating equations, a multivariate analog of quasi-likelihood. A motivating example, using fetal weight and malformation data from a developmental toxicity study of ethylene glycol in mice, illustrates this methodology.
Oral contraceptives and thromboembolic disease (1963)

Can the oral contraceptives cause thromboembolic disease ? The answer to this question must have an important bearing on our use of these drugs. Their effectiveness in preyenting conception is undisputed. When taken in recommended doses for 20 days in each cycle, Conovid, Conovid E and Anovlar are virtually 100% effective (Medical Letter, Brit. ed. 1962, 1 , 25). Although the possibility of long-term harmful effects on endocrine and other organs cannot be dismissed until the drugs have been in use for a great many years, the immediate question is whether they cause more frequent thromboembolic disorders than would occur if they were not used.
FT-IR microspectroscopic imaging of human carcinoma thin sections based on pattern recognition techniques. (1998)

FT-IR microspectroscopic maps of unstained thin sections from human melanoma and colon carcinoma tissues were obtained on a conventional infrared microscope equipped with an automatic x, y stage. Mapped infrared data were analyzed by different image re-assembling techniques, namely functional group mapping ("chemical mapping") and, for the first time by cluster analysis, principal component analysis and artificial neural networks. The output values of the different classifiers were recombined with the original spatial information to construct IR-images whose color or gray tones were based on the spatial distribution of individual spectral patterns. While the functional group mapping technique could not reliably differentiate between the different tissue regions, the approach based on pattern recognition yielded images with a high contrast that confirmed standard histopathological techniques. The new technique turned out to be particularly helpful to improve discrimination between different types of tissue structures in general, and to increase image contrast between normal and cancerous regions of a given tissue sample.
Correction: Castanea sativa (European Chestnut) Leaf Extracts Rich in Ursene and Oleanene Derivatives Block Staphylococcus aureus Virulence and Pathogenesis without Detectable Resistance (2016)

In the methods section "Characterization by HPLC and LC-FTMS", the identities of solvents A and B were switched. Solvent A should be listed as 0.1% formic acid in water, not in 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile; and vice versa for solvent B. The corrected text is indicated in bold and underlined below:
Advances in Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms of Root Lesion Nematode Host Interactions (2016)

Root lesion nematodes (RLNs) are one of the most economically important groups of plant nematodes. As migratory endoparasites, their presence in roots is less obvious than infestations of sedentary endoparasites; nevertheless, in many instances, they are the major crop pests. With increasing molecular information on nematode parasitism, available data now reflect the differences and, in particular, similarities in lifestyle between migratory and sedentary endoparasites. Far from being unsophisticated compared with sedentary endoparasites, migratory endoparasites are exquisitely suited to their parasitic lifestyle. What they lack in effectors required for induction of permanent feeding sites, they make up for with their versatile host range and their ability to move and feed from new host roots and survive adverse conditions. In this review, we summarize the current molecular data available for RLNs and highlight differences and similarities in effectors and molecular mechanisms between migratory and sedentary endoparasitic nematodes.
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Noncompetitively Inhibit MCT8-Mediated Iodothyronine Transport (2011)

Partial inhibition by TKI of pituitary or hypothalamic TH feedback may increase TSH or increase the levothyroxine requirement of thyroidectomized patients. It is still possible that other mechanisms contribute to TKI-mediated impairments of TFT, e.g. altered metabolism of TH. Bosutinib was not previously reported to alter TFT.
Reactions of aryl cyclopropyl ketones. A new synthesis of aryl tetralones (1981)

Aryl cyclopropyl ketones (2) cyclise to 1-tetralones (3) in the presence of a variety of acid catalysts under mild conditions. Open-chain carbinols (4) are also formed. The ratio of (3) to (4) is dependent on the aryl ring substituents. A cationic mechanism is proposed. Cyclopropyl ketones (1) do not react. Stereoelectronic factors involved in the reactivity of the rigid cyclopropyl ketone (12) are discussed. The reactions of selected phenolic cyclopropyl ketones have been investigated as anionic counterparts to the acid-catalysed reactions. No reaction is observed.
Studies on the Synthesis of 6-Hydroxy-7-bromoquinoline. I (1956)

Reaction of 1 part of 2-bromo-4-nitrophenol (III) with 1.5 parts of glacial acetic acid, 2.5 parts of glycerol, and 3 parts of conc. sulfuric acid by heating afforded a mixture of 5-bromo-6-hydroxyquinoline (II) and 6-hydroxy-7-bromoquinoline (I) in approx. 3:1 ratio. The use of conc. phosphoric acid in place of glacial acetic acid afforded a small amount of (I) alone. The same reaction with 1 part of 2, 6-dibromo-4-nitrophenol (VI) afforded 5, 7-dibromo-6-hydroxyquinoline (VII) and the use of 80% formic acid in place of the glacial acetic acid in this reaction chiefly gave (VII), accompanied with a small amount of (I). The use of conc. phosphoric acid in place of glacial acetic acid afforded (I) alone in a fairly high yield. These experimental results indicated that the synthesis of 6-hydroxy-7-bromoquinoline (I) alone and in a good yield can be effected by the modified Skraup reaction of 2, 6-dibromo-4-nitrophenol with conc. phosphoric acid, glycerol, and conc, sulfuric acid.
Characterization and Molecular Profiling of PSEN1 Familial Alzheimer's Disease iPSC-Derived Neural Progenitors (2014)

Presenilin 1 (PSEN1) encodes the catalytic subunit of γ-secretase, and PSEN1 mutations are the most common cause of early onset familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD). In order to elucidate pathways downstream of PSEN1, we characterized neural progenitor cells (NPCs) derived from FAD mutant PSEN1 subjects. Thus, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from affected and unaffected individuals from two families carrying PSEN1 mutations. PSEN1 mutant fibroblasts, and NPCs produced greater ratios of Aβ42 to Aβ40 relative to their control counterparts, with the elevated ratio even more apparent in PSEN1 NPCs than in fibroblasts. Molecular profiling identified 14 genes differentially-regulated in PSEN1 NPCs relative to control NPCs. Five of these targets showed differential expression in late onset AD/Intermediate AD pathology brains. Therefore, in our PSEN1 iPSC model, we have reconstituted an essential feature in the molecular pathogenesis of FAD, increased generation of Aβ42/40, and have characterized novel expression changes.
Concatenated soft-output equalization and TCM for wireless personal communications (2002)

In this paper, we will investigate the use of maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) algorithm to realize soft-output equalization in a concatenated equalization and trellis-coded modulation (TCM) based wireless communication system. Specifically, we will consider Lee's (1974) MAP algorithm and propose a simplified version which does not require knowledge of the noise variance and can avoid the calculation of the nonlinear function which is involved in the probabilities. Furthermore, we use the square root Kalman filtering algorithm for real channel estimation. In order to improve the system performance, two-branch equal-gain combining diversity will be also considered. Finally, we compare the performance of the MAP algorithm based equalization with our previously proposed equalization scheme which combines decision feedback equalization and TCM.
Performance spectrum of optical triggered thyristor switches for electric weapon systems (2005)

Based on the technology of optical triggered thyristor switches for commercial applications, i.e. high voltages DC transmission, a common effort of Rheinmetall and EUPEC was started in order to investigate the performance characteristics of such switches for pulsed power applications. In the first step a 22 kV stacked set-up, based on 7.5 kV wavers, was tested and certified for being applied in the compact 120 kJ PPS-Module for supplying the 120 mm ETC gun of Rheinmetall. Current magnitudes up to 45 kA with pulse lengths up to 2 ms were applied. Compared to electrical triggered Thyristors the optical triggering system is of great electronic simplicity and provides a complete potential separation of the trigger generator from the high voltage components. Further investigations on the wafer design have been performed in order to increase the current and di/dt limits of such switches. It is the goal to apply this switch technology for other electric weapons such as lasers or active armor with their requirements of shorter and higher current pulses than the ETC gun. A variety of tests have been performed in order to meet those requirements. The paper presents a selection of the test results and discusses the performance spectrum in comparison with the pulsed power supply requirements of short pulse electric weapon applications.
CURE OF THREE PATIENTS WHO HAD SKELETAL METASTASES IN DISSEMINATED NEUROBLASTOMA (1968)

The long-term survival of three children with disseminated skeletal metastases due to neuroblastoma is reported. These three patients are added to eight other patients reported in the literature who have survived longer than 2 years after the development of their metastatic osseous lesions. A review of the cases did not reveal a specific treatment regime which provided the success in these cases. The presence of skeletal involvement, therefore, should not indicate a hopeless prognosis. A review of 33 patients with neuroblastoma at the University of Minnesota from 1956-1966 is also given to provide overall survival data.
Local and Systemic Effects of a Tissue Engineered Neobladder in a Canine Cystoplasty Model (2008)

Implantation of polymer molds seeded with autologous bladder cells did not show significant local or systemic toxicity in a canine model. This study suggests that such engineered neobladders are safe and effective for reconstructive surgery.
Titanium and Zirconium Bent-Sandwich Complexes with the New [2-(Diisopropylamino)ethyl]cyclopentadienyl Ligand:  Catalysts for the Polymerization of Ethylene and the Dehydrocoupling of Phenylsilane (1996)

Titanium(IV) and zirconium(IV) bent-sandwich complexes containing the new donor substituted [2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl]cyclopentadienyl (CpN) ligand are described. CpNH (1; C5H5CH2CH2NiPr2) is prepared from sodium cyclopentadienide and 2-chloro-1-(diisopropylamino)ethane. The highly moisture-sensitive metallocene dichlorides CpN2TiCl2 (2) and CpN2ZrCl2 (3) are synthesized by reaction of CpNLi with TiCl4 and ZrCl4, respectively. In combination with the cocatalyst methylaluminoxane (MAO) they are precursors for ethylene polymerization catalysts. Compounds 2 and 3 react with 2 equiv of HCl with protonation of the amino groups to give the air- and moisture-stable metallocene dichloride dihydrochlorides CpN2TiCl2·2HCl (4) and CpN2ZrCl2·2HCl (5), which also are found to be precatalysts for the polymerization of ethylene. The dimethyl compounds CpN2TiMe2 (6) and CpN2ZrMe2 (7) can be obtained by reaction of 2 and 3 with 2 equiv of methyllithium. The dibenzyl complexes CpN2TiBz2 (8) and CpN2ZrBz2 (9) are formed analogously with a stoichiometric amount of benzylmagnesium bromide. The diphenoxy complex CpN2Ti(OPh)2 (10) is synthesized by reaction of 2 with 2 equiv of lithium phenoxide. The dialkyl compounds 6−8 and the diphenoxy compound 10 show a remarkable activity in the catalytic dehydrocoupling of phenylsilane. Zr(NMe2)4 reacts with 2 equiv of CpNH (1) to give the zirconocene derivative CpN2Zr(NMe2)2 (11) in quantitative yield. The structure of 2 has been determined by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. The effects of the (dialkylamino)- and (dialkylammonio)ethyl substituents in metallocene-type compounds of titanium and zirconium are described.
Wearable Motion-Based Heart Rate at Rest: A Workplace Evaluation (2018)

This paper studies the feasibility of using low-cost motion sensors to provide opportunistic heart rate assessments from ballistocardiographic signals during restful periods of daily life. Three wearable devices were used to capture peripheral motions at specific body locations (head, wrist, and trouser pocket) of 15 participants during five regular workdays each. Three methods were implemented to extract heart rate from motion data and their performance was compared to those obtained with an FDA-cleared device. With a total of 1358 h of naturalistic sensor data, our results show that providing accurate heart rate estimations from peripheral motion signals is possible during relatively "still" moments. In our real-life workplace study, the head-mounted device yielded the most frequent assessments (22.98% of the time under 5 beats per minute of error) followed by the smartphone in the pocket (5.02%) and the wrist-worn device (3.48%). Most importantly, accurate assessments were automatically detected by using a custom threshold based on the device jerk. Due to the pervasiveness and low cost of wearable motion sensors, this paper demonstrates the feasibility of providing opportunistic large-scale low-cost samples of resting heart rate.
Quantification of the 3-D electromagnetic power absorption rate in tissue during transurethral prostatic microwave thermotherapy using heat transfer model (1998)

Experiments were performed in a tissue microwave-equivalent phantom gel to quantitatively examine the volumetric heating produced by a microwave antenna with a peripheral cooling system for the transurethral prostatic thermotherapy. Based on previous research, expression for the specific absorption rate (SAR) of microwave energy in the gel was extended to three dimensions, which includes its dependence on radial, angular, and axial direction. A theoretical heat transfer model was developed to study the temperature distribution in the gel by introducing this proposed SAR expression. The parameters in this expression and the convection coefficient due to the chilled water running around the antenna were determined using a least-square residual fit of the theoretical temperature predictions to the experimentally measured steady-state temperature field within the gel. The analytical expression of the three-dimensional SAR distribution obtained in this study will help provide a better understanding of the microwave heating pattern in the prostatic tissue and, thus, to aid in designing improved applicators. It can also be used in the future as an accurate input to heat transfer models which predict temperature distributions during the transurethral microwave thermotherapy.
Extraction of several metallic complexes with tetraethylthiurum disulfide (1967)

Reactivity between several metallic ions and tetraethylthiurum disulfide, and extractability of the complexes with chloroform were studied.An alcoholic solution of tetraethylthiurum disulfide was added to either hydrochloric acid solutions of various concentrations or ammonium citrate buffer solutions of various pH, containing metallic ions. After keeping the solutions at 40°C for 3 minutes, the complexes were extracted with chloroform, and the absorption spectra were measured. The distribution ratio of ions in organic and aqueous phases was also determined. The values for Te(IV), Fe, Ni, and Bi were 5.1×102, 1.6×10-3, 4.0×10-5, and 1.1×10-2, respectively, in 3 N hydrochloric acid solution. A separation factor of Te to the metallic ions was found to be greater than 104. Copper complex was extracted also with chloroform, and the value of the distribution ratio was smaller than 10.
Efficacy of telavancin in a murine model of bacteraemia induced by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (2006)

The data described here demonstrate that telavancin's in vivo bactericidal activity is superior to that of vancomycin against a single strain of MRSA and results in successful infection resolution and, consequently, improved survival in the murine bacteraemia model.
Robust association of the <i>APOE</i>ɛ4 allele with premature myocardial infarction especially in patients without hypercholesterolaemia: the Aachen study (2007)

The APOEepsilon4 allele shows a robust association with premature MI independent of hypercholesterolaemia.