gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A CASE STUDY IN TRAJECTORY OPTIMIZATION: PUTTING ON AN UNEVEN GREEN (2000)

. We study in this paper the problem of how to putt a golf ball on an uneven green so that it will arrive at the hole with minimal final speed. This problem serves as a good case study for trajectory optimization as it illustrates many of the issues that arise in trajectory optimization problems. This putting example is just one of a collection of case studies that will appear in a forthcoming paper entitled &quot;Case Studies in Trajectory Optimization: Trains, Planes, and Other Pastimes&quot;. The purpose of these studies is to illustrate how recent advances in algorithms and modeling languages have made it easy to solve difficult optimization problems using off-the-shelf software. 1. INTRODUCTION The problem of how to putt provides a simple framework for a discussion of trajectory optimization. The discussion in this paper is taken from a longer paper [9] on case studies in trajectory optimization. The purpose of these studies is to illustrate how recent advances in algorithms an...
Toward Sensor-Cloud Integration as a Service: Optimizing Three-tier Communication in Cloud-integrated Sensor Networks (2013)

This paper proposes a cloud-integrated sensor networking architecture, called Sensor-Cloud Integration Platform as a Service (SC-iPaaS), which hosts virtualized sensors in clouds and operates physical sensors through their virtual counter- parts. SC-iPaaS performs push-pull hybrid communication betw
<title>Coded Apertures And Detectors For Optical Differentiation</title> (1980)

The general properties which an optical system must possess to display amplitude or phase contrast of both differential and non differential form are derived. These results are applied to various forms of scanning image processing systems and it is found that by suitable choice of lens or detector distribution that the desired contrast mode may be obtained. The coherent confocal system is particularly suited to the methods of coherent processing with the additional advantage of possessing twice the spatial frequency bandwidth of conventional systems.
EPA, but not DHA, decreases mean platelet volume in normal subjects (2002)

The first indication of platelet activation is an increase in mean platelet volume (MPV). n-3 FA are known to inhibit platelet function and to reduce the risk for coronary heart disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of EPA and DHA on MPV. Healthy subjects received olive oil placebo for 4 wk and then were randomly assigned to receive 4 g of ethyl esters of either safflower oil (n = 11), EPA (n = 10), or DHA (n = 12) for 4 wk. At the end of placebo run-in and treatment periods, MPV (fL; mean +/- SEM) and platelet count (PLT-CT; 10(3)/microL blood) were measured in the basal state and after ex vivo stimulation with collagen (10 microg/mL), cold (4 degrees C), and heat (37 degrees C). Unlike DHA, EPA lowered MPV as compared with safflower oil (7.2 +/- 0.1 vs. 7.5 +/- 0.1 fL; P < 0.05) and raised PLT-CT (211 +/- 18 vs.192 +/- 18 10(3)/microL; P < 0.05) in the fasting state. Collagen and cold significantly increased MPV whereas heat lowered MPV regardless of treatment. All stimuli decreased PLT-CT. EPA significantly increased platelet EPA (0.2 +/- 0.1 vs. 3.3 +/- 0.4%) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA; 2.2 +/- 0.3 vs. 2.9 +/- 0.3%) concentrations, but not DHA. DHA treatment significantly increased DHA (1.4 +/- 0.2 vs. 4.1 +/- 0.5%) and DPA (2.0 +/- 0.4 vs. 3.0 +/- 0.4%) concentrations, but not EPA. In conclusion, EPA, but not DHA, reduces platelet activation, an early step in platelet aggregation.
When can a risk factor be used as a worthwhile screening test? (1999)

One of the most important areas of medical inquiry is the identification of risk factors for specific disorders. Such research is usually aimed at discovering new causes of a disease, but risk factors can also be used as screening tests. The fact that a risk factor must be very strongly associated with a disorder if it is to be a worthwhile screening test is not widely recognised. If this were better understood, fewer risk factors would be proposed unnecessarily as screening tests. Serum cholesterol measurement, for example, would probably never have been considered seriously as a screening test for ischaemic heart disease. Although a high cholesterol concentration is a strong risk factor for ischaemic heart disease in aetiological terms, the association is not sufficiently strong for it to be used as a screening test—in practice, its screening performance is poor.1

In this article we specify the quantitative relation between risk factors and screening tests and show how strongly a risk factor needs to be associated with a disease before it is likely to be a useful screening test. For simplicity, we consider only risk factors with a Gaussian distribution, though the general principles we present can be applied to all frequency distributions.

#### Summary points

To be a worthwhile screening test, a risk factor must be strongly associated with a disorder

The strength of association between a risk factor and a disorder can be quantified by the relative risk or relative odds (odds ratio)

A risk factor can also be considered as a screening test, and its association with the disorder can be quantified as the detection rate for a specified false positive rate

There is a direct numerical equivalence between the relative odds and the detection rate for specified false positive rate that does not depend on the incidence or prevalence …
The mid-century revolution in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery: Part 1 (2003)

According to the Greek philosopher’s saying ‘panta rhei’, so do scientific and medical advances follow a continuous stream to new forms of perfection. Even though the advent of extracorporeal circulation is only one more— if important—wave on the river of Heraclitus. The possibilities of cardio-pulmonary bypass have been such that it can rightly be looked at as the climax of a revolutionary development.
Structural Basis for the Functional Differences between Type I and Type II Human Methionine Aminopeptidases<sup>,</sup> (2005)

Determination of the crystal structure of human MetAP1 makes it possible, for the first time, to compare the structures of a Type I and a Type II methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP) from the same organism. Comparison of the Type I enzyme with the previously reported complex of ovalicin with Type II MetAP shows that the active site of the former is reduced in size and would incur steric clashes with the bound inhibitor. This explains why ovalicin and related anti-angiogenesis inhibitors target Type II human MetAP but not Type I. The differences in both size and shape of the active sites between MetAP1 and MetAP2 also help to explain their different substrate specificity. In the presence of excess Co(2+), a third cobalt ion binds in the active site region, explaining why metal ions in excess can be inhibitory. Also, the N-terminal region of the protein contains three distinct Pro-x-x-Pro motifs, supporting the prior suggestion that this region of the protein may participate in binding to the ribosome.
Human Cytomegalovirus Mutant with Sequence-Dependent Resistance to the Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotide Fomivirsen (ISIS 2922) (1998)

A human cytomegalovirus mutant that was isolated for resistance (10-fold) to the antisense oligonucleotide fomivirsen (ISIS 2922) exhibited cross-resistance to a modified derivative of fomivirsen with an identical base sequence but little or no resistance to an oligonucleotide with an unrelated sequence. No changes in the mutant's DNA corresponding to the fomivirsen target sequence were found.
Localization of a Stable Neural Correlate of Associative Memory (2007)

Do learning and retrieval of a memory activate the same neurons? Does the number of reactivated neurons correlate with memory strength? We developed a transgenic mouse that enables the long-lasting genetic tagging of c-fos-active neurons. We found neurons in the basolateral amygdala that are activated during Pavlovian fear conditioning and are reactivated during memory retrieval. The number of reactivated neurons correlated positively with the behavioral expression of the fear memory, indicating a stable neural correlate of associative memory. The ability to manipulate these neurons genetically should allow a more precise dissection of the molecular mechanisms of memory encoding within a distributed neuronal network.
Wavelet lattice quantization for low bit rate video coding (2002)

A method for low bit rate video coding based on successive approximation wavelet vector quantisation and overlapped block matching motion compensation is described. The main advantage of this scheme is that the most important data of the motion compensated interframe prediction error image are coded with priority. Simulation results are given to evaluate the performance of the coding system at 64 kbit/sec.
Photorefractive optical lock-in detector (1991)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Jehad Khoury, Vincent Ryan, Charles Woods, and Mark Cronin-Golomb, "Photorefractive optical lock-in detector," Opt. Lett. 16, 1442-1444 (1991) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Zika virus cell tropism in the developing human brain and inhibition by azithromycin (2016)

The rapid spread of Zika virus (ZIKV) and its association with abnormal brain development constitute a global health emergency. Congenital ZIKV infection produces a range of mild to severe pathologies, including microcephaly. To understand the pathophysiology of ZIKV infection, we used models of the developing brain that faithfully recapitulate the tissue architecture in early to midgestation. We identify the brain cell populations that are most susceptible to ZIKV infection in primary human tissue, provide evidence for a mechanism of viral entry, and show that a commonly used antibiotic protects cultured brain cells by reducing viral proliferation. In the brain, ZIKV preferentially infected neural stem cells, astrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, and microglia, whereas neurons were less susceptible to infection. These findings suggest mechanisms for microcephaly and other pathologic features of infants with congenital ZIKV infection that are not explained by neural stem cell infection alone, such as calcifications in the cortical plate. Furthermore, we find that blocking the glia-enriched putative viral entry receptor AXL reduced ZIKV infection of astrocytes in vitro, and genetic knockdown of AXL in a glial cell line nearly abolished infection. Finally, we evaluate 2,177 compounds, focusing on drugs safe in pregnancy. We show that the macrolide antibiotic azithromycin reduced viral proliferation and virus-induced cytopathic effects in glial cell lines and human astrocytes. Our characterization of infection in the developing human brain clarifies the pathogenesis of congenital ZIKV infection and provides the basis for investigating possible therapeutic strategies to safely alleviate or prevent the most severe consequences of the epidemic.
Thoughts on Jinan's Establishment of the National Central City of China's Yellow River Basin (2020)

<p>The national central city is not a single existence, and it must be based on the national-level urban agglomeration. At the same time, it must have superior geographical advantages and rich natural resources as the basis for development. Urban agglomeration promotes national central cities; on the contrary, national central cities can also drive the common development of urban agglomerations. During the National People’s Congress and National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference this year, Jinan Municipal Government proposed to create a national central city in the Yellow River Basin as the development goal. In this article, the measures taken by Jinan Municipal Government to create the national central city of the Yellow River Basin are put forward, and the impact of the surrounding urban agglomeration on the development of Jinan is pointed out. Meanwhile, the opportunities and challenges that Jinan will bring to the surrounding urban agglomeration by establishing the national central city are elaborated.</p>
Control architecture for the alicia/sup 3/ climbing robot (2004)

In this paper, the design of the Alicia3 climbing robot is presented. The robot is based upon three sliding suction cups module linked together. The basic module (Alicia II robot) can serve itself as a carrier for specific instrumentation for non-destructive inspection (NDI) in industrial environment, but with reduced capabilities. The Alicia II system is mainly composed by a suction cup that can slide, staying attached, over a vertical wall by means of a special sealing that also allows the robot passing over small obstacles. The Alicia3 robot was recently built and some tests have been carried out over the basic module, to verify the sealing behavior and the maximum payload over a range of wall surface. Moreover some considerations about system architecture and safety aspect are explained
A New Arabic Printed Text Image Database and Evaluation Protocols (2009)

We report on the creation of a database composed of images of Arabic Printed words. The purpose of this database is the large-scale benchmarking of open-vocabulary, multi-font, multi-size and multi-style text recognition systems in Arabic. The challenges that are addressed by the database are in the variability of the sizes, fonts and style used to generate the images. A focus is also given on low-resolution images where anti-aliasing is generating noise on the characters to recognize. The database is synthetically generated using a lexicon of 113psila284 words, 10 Arabic fonts, 10 font sizes and 4 font styles. The database contains 45psila313psila600 single word images totaling to more than 250 million characters. Ground truth annotation is provided for each image. The database is called APTI for Arabic Printed Text Images.
Involvement of Protons as a Substrate for the Sucrose Carrier during Phloem Loading in <i>Vicia faba</i> Leaves (1981)

The effect of pH on uptake of exogenous sucrose by broadbean (Vicia faba L.) leaf discs without the lower epidermis has been investigated at various sucrose concentrations. The concentration dependence of sucrose uptake showed a biphasic saturation response. At high sucrose concentrations (>20 millimolar), sucrose uptake showed no pH dependence. At low sugar concentrations (<5 millimolar), plots of 1/V against 1/H(+) give straight lines which all intercept at the same point at the left of the ordinal axis. Calculations show that these data agree well with two-substrate kinetics for the carrier, the substrates being the protons and the sucrose molecules. Our results provide further evidence that protonation/deprotonation processes of the carrier are involved in phloem loading, especially for low sucrose concentrations of the apoplast.
Intrinsic lineshape and FM response of modulated semiconductor lasers (1985)

A new method for measuring the FM response and the intrinsic linewidth of modulated semiconductor lasers is reported. No additional stochastic line broadening has been observed for direct modulation of buried-heterostructure 1.3 μm lasers with modulation depths of less than 20%. Thus FSK systems employing heterodyne detection are expected not to exhibit any additional phase noise penalty due to direct current modulation.
SKI knockdown inhibits human melanoma tumor growth in vivo (2009)

The SKI protein represses the TGF-beta tumor suppressor pathway by associating with the Smad transcription factors. SKI is upregulated in human malignant melanoma tumors in a disease-progression manner and its overexpression promotes proliferation and migration of melanoma cells in vitro. The mechanisms by which SKI antagonizes TGF-beta signaling in vivo have not been fully elucidated. Here we show that human melanoma cells in which endogenous SKI expression was knocked down by RNAi produced minimal orthotopic tumor xenograft nodules that displayed low mitotic rate and prominent apoptosis. These minute tumors exhibited critical signatures of active TGF-beta signaling including high levels of nuclear Smad3 and p21(Waf-1), which are not found in the parental melanomas. To understand how SKI promotes tumor growth we used gain- and loss-of-function approaches and found that simultaneously to blocking the TGF-beta-growth inhibitory pathway, SKI promotes the switch of Smad3 from tumor suppression to oncogenesis by favoring phosphorylations of the Smad3 linker region in melanoma cells but not in normal human melanocytes. In this context, SKI is required for preventing TGF-beta-mediated downregulation of the oncogenic protein c-MYC, and for inducing the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, a mediator of tumor growth and angiogenesis. Together, the results indicate that SKI exploits multiple regulatory levels of the TGF-beta pathway and its deficiency restores TGF-beta tumor suppressor and apoptotic activities in spite of the likely presence of oncogenic mutations in melanoma tumors.
The dual role of ultraspiracle, the <i>Drosophila</i> retinoid X receptor, in the ecdysone response (2001)

The Drosophila homolog of the retinoid X receptor, ultraspiracle (USP), heterodimerizes with the ecdysone receptor (EcR) to form a functional complex that mediates the effects of the steroid molting hormone ecdysone by activating and repressing expression of ecdysone response genes. As with other retinoid X receptor heterodimers, EcR/USP affects gene transcription in a ligand-modulated manner. We used in vivo, cell culture, and biochemical approaches to analyze the functions of two usp alleles, usp(3) and usp(4), which encode stable proteins with defective DNA-binding domains. We observed that USP is able to activate as well as repress the Z1 isoform of the ecdysone-responsive broad complex (BrC-Z1). Activation of BrC-Z1 as well as EcR, itself an ecdysone response gene, can be mediated by both the USP3 and USP4 mutant proteins. USP3 and USP4 also activate an ecdysone-responsive element, hsp27EcRE, in cultured cells. These results differ from the protein null allele, usp(2), which is unable to mediate activation [Schubiger, M. & Truman, J. W. (2000) Development 127, 1151--1159]. BrC-Z1 repression is compromised in all three usp alleles, suggesting that repression involves the association of USP with DNA. Our results distinguish two mechanisms by which USP modulates the properties of EcR: one that involves the USP DNA-binding domain and one that can be achieved solely through the ligand-binding domain. These newly revealed properties of USP might implicate similar properties for retinoid X receptor.
Cerebral protection in traumatic brain injury (2005)

With advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury, many novel cerebroprotective measures have been developed. Many of them have undergone preclinical trials and have shown promising results, but the results have not translated into clinical benefits. Evidence of these cerebroprotective measures including NMDA‐receptor antagonist, steroids, free radial scavengers, nimodipine, ziconotide, bradykinin receptor antagonist and dexanabinol has been reviewed. Problems encountered in clinical studies of traumatic brain injury are mainly related to the heterogenicity of traumatic brain injury and the design of clinical studies. Given all these difficulties, clear benefit of these measures cannot be shown and an optimum treatment strategy has yet been developed.
An integrated approach to identify normal tissue expression of targets for antibody‐drug conjugates: case study of <scp>TENB2</scp> (2012)

Our findings provide the anatomical location and biological interpretation of target-mediated clearance of anti-TENB2 antibodies and corresponding drug conjugates. Further investigations may be beneficial in addressing the relative contributions to ADC disposition from antigen expression in both normal and pathological tissues.
PRODUCTION OF AMYLOLYTIC ENZYMES BY SEVERAL YEAST SPECIES (1982)

Several amylolytic yeast species, endomycopsis spp, schwanniomyces spp, pichia spp and saccharomyces spp have been compared for their ability to synthesise α-amylase (E.C. 3.2.1.1), glucoamylase (E.C. 3.2.1.3) and pullulanase (E.C. 3.2.1.9). Endomycopsis fibuligera strain 240 possessed the highest glucoamylase activity (208 nmoles glucose/min) and second highest α-amylase activity (128 nmoles maltose/min) and produced the largest amount of biomass. Schwanniomyces spp were the only yeast species studied which exhibited significant debranching activity. It was found that in endomycopsis spp, schwanniomyces spp and pichia spp, glucose, at a concentration above 3.0 × 10−3 m, appeared to repress α-amylase activity. However, glucoamylase activity was not repressed at that glucose concentration.
Contribution of various metabolites to the “unmeasured” anions in critically ill patients with metabolic acidosis* (2008)

Amino acids, uric acid, and organic acids together accounted for only 7.9% of the SIG in intensive care unit patients with metabolic acidosis.
Hyperpriors for Matérn fields with applications in Bayesian inversion (2018)

We introduce non-stationary Matérn field priors with stochastic partial differential equations, and construct correlation length-scaling with hyperpriors. We model both the hyperprior and the Matérn prior as continuous-parameter random fields. As hypermodels, we use Cauchy and Gaussian random fields, which we map suitably to a desired correlation length-scaling range. For computations, we discretise the models with finite difference methods. We consider the convergence of the discretised prior and posterior to the discretisation limit. We apply the developed methodology to certain interpolation, numerical differentiation and deconvolution problems, and show numerically that we can make Bayesian inversion which promotes competing constraints of smoothness and edge-preservation. For computing the conditional mean estimator of the posterior distribution, we use a combination of Gibbs and Metropolis-within-Gibbs sampling algorithms.
THE STARRED BUSH ROBIN POGONOCICHLA-STELLATA IN EASTERN RHODESIA AND ADJACENT MOCAMBIQUE (1971)

for the eggs of C. albus, a tentative identification with which C. R. S. Pitman, who has had more experience of the eggs of these species, also concurs.| Archer records the presence of C. a/bus in this region but regards it as an infrequent visitor.Assuming the identification is correct, this may be the first evidence of breeding in this area.The eggs of C. . edithae in the collection are rather variable in shape, but small.They are usually marked, although often very sparsely, with fine spots or thin streaks and lines.The measurements for fifteen eggs are-average 41.1 xX 29.2 mm; maxima 43.7 X 29.8, 39.1 X 37.8; minima 79.7 X 31.8, 43.5 X 27.8 mm.It will be noted than an increase on one dimension tends to be matched by a decrease on the other.