gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New active capacitance multiplier for low cutoff frequency filter design (2007)

This paper presents a new topology for an active capacitance multiplier. This circuit affords a technique to implement a high capacitance value using a small on-chip capacitor. The proposed capacitance multiplier is build up by cascading current multiplier cells (CMC). The circuit is preferred for low power low voltage applications since it is based on CMOS inverters and op-amps only. The capacitance multiplier is employed in the design of a second-order LPF with a programmable cutoff frequency. The cutoff frequency can be as low as 65 Hz using an on-chip capacitor of 1pF only. The static power dissipation is equal to 3 mW. Some practical considerations are discussed. The circuit is simulated using CMOS 0.13μm process. Simulation results show good agreement with the analytical calculations.
A dual page programming scheme for high-speed multi-Gb-scale NAND flash memories (2002)

The increasing demand for portable mass storage applications has created a need for a high-density and high-speed programming flash memory. One way to increase the program throughput is to increase the page size, i.e., the number of memory cells programmed simultaneously. But this requires additional page buffers and increases the chip size. To solve this problem, we propose a new programming scheme, where the page size is doubled without increasing the page buffers. The programming is accelerated by 73% in a 4 Gb product and 62% in a 4 Gb product without area penalty. 18.2 MB/sec 1 Gb or 30.7 MB/sec 4 Gb NAND flash memory can be realized with this new architecture.
Strain–Chemical Gradient and Polarization in Metal Halide Perovskites (2020)

Abstract Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have attracted broad research interest due to their outstanding optoelectronic performance. This performance has been attributed in part to the presence of polarization in these materials. However, the precise effects of chemical environment and strain condition on the polar states in MHPs have largely been missing. It is revealed for the first time that chemical gradient is directly coupled with strain gradient in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 . This strain–chemical gradient induces an electric polarization that can potentially affect charge carrier dynamics. Furthermore, it is unveiled that this electric polarization—unlike ferroelectricity that only exists in noncentrosymmetric materials—can be present in both tetragonal and cubic phases of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 . This suggests that the strain–chemical gradient induced polarization is a more convincing explanation of the outstanding photovoltaic properties of MHPs than the hotly debated ferroelectric polarization. Finally, a mechanism of how this polarization impacts photovoltaic action is proposed, which offers insightful advances in the development of MHPs.
Nanostructured materials for supercapacitors (2013)

Supercapacitor is an energy storage device that attempts to combine the high power density of a capacitor with the high energy density of a battery. Conventional supercapacitors use carbon based electrodes, mostly graphite. In recent years, alternatives such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and other nanostructured materials have been considered to construct supercapacitor electrodes. This article reviews the progress in this area in addition to presenting a brief background on supercapacitors as energy storage medium and nanomaterials.
Sugar Content Measurement in Fruit Tissue Using Water Peak Suppression in High Resolution <sup>1</sup> H Magnetic Resonance (1991)

ABSTRACT Sugar content of muskmelon tissue was measured using 200 MHz 1 H magnetic resonance (MR). Single pulse resolved water and sugar resonances, but both were broadened. The sugar peak from low sugar (≦8.0%) samples was not detectable with the single pulse. Selective saturation to suppress the water peak was inefficient. The T 1 of water was almost twice that of sugar. Therefore, inversion‐recovery (IR) pulse sequences could be applied for water suppression. Separation of the sugar peak was remarkably improved allowing its detection in low sugar (1.8%) samples. Measured sugar correlated linearly with peak intensity (r≧0.94). Results suggest that 1 H MR could be used to measure sugar in intact fruits and vegetables.
Variably inclined continuous transverse stub-2 antenna (2004)

The variably inclined continuous transverse stub (VICTS) technology, especially in its second-generation antenna shows exceptional promise as a low-cost, high-performance alternative to traditional phased arrays in advanced communications applications. VICTS technology was invented and developed by Raytheon (W. W. Milroy) as an outgrowth of work conducted on continuous transverse stub (CTS) radiators. In its basic form (VICTS-1), a series of long, wideband slots is excited by a parallel plate feed network. Elevation scanning is accomplished via the independent rotation (inclination) of the slots with respect to the feed, and azimuth scanning is accomplished by rotating the feed and radiation layers together in a /spl theta/-/spl Phi/ spherically scanned system. The VICTS-2 antenna is therefore a low profile, planar, electro-mechanically-scanned, broadband passive phased array whose simple design translates into low-cost production, high-reliability, and low-loss antennas. This paper describes the key antenna technologies that support the second generation VICTS-2 antenna (Thomas V. Sikina). The antenna's reliance on broadband antenna and component technologies in a true-time delay and polarization diverse system is largely unique.
Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate cancer: analytical evaluation. (1998)

For urologists and pathologists one of the two main issues in prostate pathology is the identification of those prognostic factors that could predict the exact outcome of individual patients with prostate cancer (PC). Therefore, the goal is to tailor the therapeutic approach to the clinical, morphological and biological features of each patient. The other issue involves the early detection of PC, preferably in the preinvasive phase, in order to treat the patient efficaciously. For this reason, understanding the biology of preinvasive or precursors lesions has become increasingly important. Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia is only one of these lesions, and the best known to date. The role of others, such as atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, is considered as worth exploring. Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) represents the putative precancerous end of the morphologic continuum of cellular proliferations within prostatic ducts and acini. Two grades of PIN are identified (low grade and high grade), and high grade PIN is considered the direct precursor of invasive carcinoma. The continuum which culminates in high grade PIN and early invasive cancer is characterised by basal cell layer disruption, basement membrane disruption, progressive loss of markers of secretory differentiation, increasing nuclear and nucleolar abnormalities, increasing proliferative potential, and increasing variation in DNA content (aneuploidy). Clinical studies suggest that PIN predates carcinoma by ten years or more, with low grade PIN first emerging in men in the third decade of life. The clinical importance of recognising PIN is based on its strong association with carcinoma; its identification in biopsy specimens of the prostate warrants further search for concurrent invasive carcinoma. The issue of precursors of prostate cancer has several facets which reflect the multiplicity of patterns and variants of PC. A big step forward in understanding some basic aspects has already been made, especially in relation to PIN. More will be available soon. A large contribution to the management of isolated PiN lesions found in prostate biopsies is expected from molecular pathology and quantitation analysis.
Anthrylmethylamine functionalised mesoporous silica-based materials as hybrid fluorescent chemosensors for ATP (2005)

A number of functionalised mesoporous solids containing anchored anthrylmethylamine groups have been prepared using different co-hydrolysis or grafting synthetic routes. The solids have been characterised using standard solid-state techniques. Solids with a low loading of the anthrylmethylamine probe show typical well defined and structured emission bands centred at ca. 415 nm. Addition of ATP to suspensions of these solids at pH 2.8 resulted in a quenching of the anthracene emission. These solids showed a cooperative effect that resulted in quite a remarkable improvement in ATP response with respect to the free anthrylmethylamine probe in solution. Certain prepared solids showed a remarkable detection limit for ATP detection in the micromolar range. An equation based on a Langmuir-type analysis has been developed and used to obtain binding constants (adsorption constants) for the interaction of the solids with ATP and with some related anions. Some other solids containing larger amounts of anthrylmethylamine groups have also been prepared. In these cases a dual monomer–excimer fluorescence emission was observed. ATP addition to these solids resulted in an enhancement of the excimer emission band.
Conformations of Nicked and Gapped DNA Structures by NMR and Molecular Dynamic Simulations in Water (1998)

We have analyzed and compared the molecular structures and dynamics of DNA duplexes containing a nick or a gap of one nucleotide where the base in front of the gap is a guanine. The continuous strand has the sequence 5'(CAGAGTCXCTGGCTC) where the residue X is absent for the nick, 14-mer, and where it is a G residue for the gap. Duplexes were formed with the two corresponding 7-mers. Neither of these is phosphorylated adjacent at the nick site, but it is a good model for a single strand break. For the nick structure, the quantitative NMR data show that the global conformation is very close to canonical B-form DNA, but it displays enhanced local flexibility. For the gap structure, we observe only one species in which the extra G is well stacked into the helix. The two half-helices around this residue also show a B-form conformation. As with the nick duplex, the adjacent G imino protons show enhanced exchange with solvent. The gap does not close completely. Using distance constraints, MD calculations show that the nick conformation is very close to a duplex with no lesion but is indeed more flexible in the central part. The gapped structure shows two families of conformations. One is close to B-DNA, the other is significantly kinked at the gap which reduces the size of the cavity. We observe a spine of hydration within the cavities, similar, but of different geometry in the two cases.
A sex-limited serum protein of Syrian hamsters: definition of female protein and regulation by testosterone. (1977)

Normal Syrian hamster females contain a serum protein not found by simple gel diffusion assay in normal adult males. This sex-limited protein was called female protein (FP). Low levels of FP were found in sera from normal weanling male hamsters. Adult male hamsters castrated or treated with diethylstilbestrol also developed serum FP, which could be suppressed by administration of testosterone. Exogenous testosterone also suppressed serum FP in adult females, and ovarian function did not appear to be critical for maintenance of serum FP. Although FP is present in significant amounts (1-2 mg/ml) in adult females, its function is presently unknown.
Elastic and viscoelastic properties of trabecular bone by a compression testing approach. (1994)

In this review the advantages and disadvantages of different variants of compression testing of trabecular bone are discussed. Factors affecting the precision and the accuracy of mechanical properties of trabecular bone derived from such tests are analysed. Below are listed some of the important conclusions which can be drawn. Conclusions based on the author's previous studies (I-IX) are shown in italic. 1) Trabecular bone is a viscoelastic solid. 2) Stiffness, strength, ultimate strain, and failure energy are derived from a standard compression test to failure. Viscoelastic properties such as energy dissipation and the relative energy loss (loss tangent) can be obtained from non-destructive cyclic tests. 3) A non-destructive test conducted between a lower load level (zero strain) and an upper strain limit of about 0.8% specimen strain has been developed. The reproducibility of such a test technique has been assessed at different conditions. The reproducibility was best after a number of conditioning cycles in order to achieve a viscoelastic steady state. Orthotropic properties can be determined by non-destructive testing in different directions of cubic specimens. The reproducibility of such testing has been established. 4) The stiffness derived from non-destructive tests will be lower than that obtained from a destructive test because of the non-linearity of the load-deformation curve, but the stiffnesses will be strongly correlated. 5) Stiffnesses derived from destructive and non-destructive tests have an elastic and a viscoelastic contribution. Since the viscoelastic contribution is time dependent, the results will be dependent on strain rate and loading frequency in cyclic tests. 6) Standard testing of small trabecular bone specimens is associated with systematic errors. The most significant of these errors are believed to be related to trabecular disintegrity at the surface of the specimen and to friction at the specimen-platen interface. Structural disintegrity causes an axial strain inhomogeneity resulting in a overestimation of axial strain and a corresponding underestimation of specimen stiffness. Friction at the interface causes an uneven stress and strain distribution in the layer nearest to the test platen resulting in a overestimation of stiffness. The net result of these systematic errors is a 20-40 per cent underestimation of stiffness. 7) The specimen geometry has a highly significant influence on mechanical properties such as stiffness, ultimate strain and energy absorption. A cube with a side length of 6.5 mm and a cylindrical specimen with a length of 6.5 mm and a diameter of 7.5 mm are suggested as standard geometries providing comparable results.
Nonuniform probability modulation for reducing energy consumption of\n remote sensors (2016)

One of the main goals of 5G wireless telecommunication technology is\nimproving energy efficiency, especially of remote sensors which should be able\nfor example to transmit on average 1bit/s for 10 years from a single AAA\nbattery. There will be discussed using modulation with nonuniform probability\ndistribution of symbols for improving energy efficiency of transmission at cost\nof reduced throughput. While the zero-signal (silence) has zero energy cost to\nemit, it can carry information if used alongside other symbols. If used more\nfrequently than others, for example for majority of time slots or OFDM\nsubcarriers, the number of bits transmitted per energy unit can be\nsignificantly increased. For example for hexagonal modulation and zero noise,\nthis amount of bits per energy unit can be doubled by reducing throughput 2.7\ntimes, thanks to using the zero-signal with probability $\\approx$ 0.84. There\nwill be discussed models and methods for such nonuniform probability\nmodulations (NPM).\n
High resolution solid-state N.M.R. (1988)

By means of rotations around two axes inclined at zeros (magic angles) of the l = 2 and l = 4 Legendre polynomials, first-order and second-order N.M.R. broadening can be averaged away. Experiments with a double-rotor on the central (1/2 ↔ - 1/2) transition of sodium-23 in polycrystalline sodium oxalate illustrate the elimination of broadening due to second-order quadrupolar effects leading to a thirtyfold increase in resolution compared to magic-angle spinning.
P Fimbriae and Other Virulence Factors in Escherichia coli Urosepsis: Association with Patients' Characteristics (1987)

Journal Article P Fimbriae and Other Virulence Factors in Escherichia coli Urosepsis: Association with Patients' Characteristics Get access James R. Johnson, James R. Johnson Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Pacita L. Roberts, Pacita L. Roberts Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Walter E. Stamm Walter E. Stamm Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington Please address requests for reprints to Dr. Walter E. Stamm, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, 325 9th Avenue, Seattle, Washington 98104. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 156, Issue 1, July 1987, Pages 225–229, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/156.1.225 Published: 01 July 1987 Article history Received: 15 October 1986 Revision received: 29 January 1987 Published: 01 July 1987
Self-Assembled Nanofilm of Monodisperse Cobalt Hydroxide Hexagonal Platelets: Topotactic Conversion into Oxide and Resistive Switching (2010)

The current work develops a solution-based self-assembling route to construct close-packed nanofilms (thickness ≈ 30 nm) using monodisperse hexagonal platelets of Co(OH)2 as two-dimensional building blocks. The hydroxide film was postannealed and could be transformed into [111]-oriented cobalt monoxide (CoO) in a topotactic fashion retaining the original hexagonal platelet shape. Electrical resistive switching property of as-transformed CoO film was investigated, revealing a gigantic change in electrical resistance (ON/OFF current ratio: 103) and fast switching speed (ns level). This solution-based self-assembly procedure, in combination with a topotactic conversion from lamellar hydroxides to corresponding oxides, offers a new alternative to high-performance thin film devices based on transition metal oxide.
PIEPOC: A New Prognostic Index for Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer—Japan Multinational Trial Organization OC01-01 (2007)

Our proposed PI, the PIEPOC, was predictive in our patient population and may have utility in clinical practice. Prospective studies would be needed to confirm the prognostic predictive ability of the PIEPOC for patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.
Changes in Glucose Homeostasis after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery for Obesity at Day Three, Two Months, and One Year after Surgery: Role of Gut Peptides (2011)

Both enhanced insulin sensitivity and incretin hormones, such as GLP-1, contribute to the early control of glucose homeostasis. Progressively increasing postprandial levels of enteroglucagon (oxyntomodulin) and GLP-1 facilitate weight loss and enhance insulin effectiveness.
Interactive role of the toll‐like receptor 4 and reactive oxygen species in LPS‐induced microglia activation (2005)

Microglia are activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to produce neurotoxic pro-inflammatory factors and reactive oxygen species (ROS). While a multitude of LPS receptors and corresponding pathways have been identified, the detailed mechanisms mediating the microglial response to LPS are unclear. Using mice lacking a functional toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), we demonstrate that TLR4 and ROS work in concert to mediate microglia activation, where the contribution from each pathway is dependent on the concentration of LPS. Immunocytochemical staining of microglia in neuron-glia cultures with antibodies against F4/80 revealed that while TLR4(+/+) microglia were activated the low concentration of 1 ng/ml of LPS, TLR4(-/-) microglia exhibit activated morphology in response to LPS only at higher concentrations (100-1,000 ng/ml). Additionally, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was only produced from higher concentrations (100-1,000 ng/ml) of LPS in TLR4(-/-) enriched microglia cultures. Diphenylene iodonium (DPI), an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, reduced TNF-alpha production from TLR4(-/-) microglia. The influence of TLR4 on LPS-induced superoxide production was tested in rat enriched microglia cultures, where the presence or absence of serum failed to show any effect on the superoxide production. Further, both TLR4(-/-) and TLR4(+/+) microglia showed a similar increase in extracellular superoxide production when exposed to LPS (1-1,000 ng/ml). These data indicate that LPS-induced superoxide production in microglia is independent of TLR4 and that ROS derived from the production of extracellular superoxide in microglia mediates the LPS-induced TNF-alpha response of both the TLR4-dependent and independent pathway.
Enhanced Intracellular Uptake of CdTe Quantum Dots by Conjugation of Oligopeptides (2013)

Arg‐Gly‐Asp‐Ser (RGDS), a typical membrane‐permeable carrier peptide, was conjugated with mercaptoisobutyric acid‐immobilized CdTe quantum dot (CTNPs) to enhance the intracellular uptake of quantum dots. Mean size of mercaptoisobutyric acid‐immobilized quantum dots (37 nm) as determined by dynamic light scattering was increased up to 54 nm after RGDS immobilization. It was found, from in vitro cell culture experiment, that fibroblast (NIH 3T3) cells were well proliferated in the presence of RGDS‐conjugated quantum dots (RCTNPs), and the intracellular uptake of CTNPs and RCTNPs was studied by means of ICP and fluorescence microscopy. As a result, the RCTNPs specifically bound to the membrane of NIH 3T3 cells and almost saturated after 6 hours incubation. The amount of RCTNPs uptaken by the cells was higher than that of CTNPs, demonstrating the enhancing effect of RGDS peptide conjugation on the intracellular uptake of quantum dots (QDs).
Postpartum options: matching the method to individual needs. (1990)

Various contraceptive methods accessible to postpartum women are summarized. Male and female sterilization are options offering effective protection against pregnancy. Both types of sterilization are safe, convenient, and cost-effective. The most frequently used procedure for postpartum female sterilization is minilaparotomy. Couples considering sterilization should receive counseling since this method is not reversible. Postplacental insertion of an IUD is also an option which is effective, safe, and easily inserted. 1 concern of this particular method is an observed increase in expulsion rate in postpartum women compared to non postpartum women. 1 factor affecting IUD expulsion rate is correct fundal placement in the uterus; therefore, it should be inserted high in the uterine fundus. IUDs inserted by abdominal incision are also available to women who deliver by cesarean section. Side effects associated with this device include bleeding and an increased likelihood of pelvic inflammatory disease; this method is not recommended for women with sexually transmitted diseases. Although hormonal methods such as oral contraceptives and injectables are very effective, there is much concern about their effect on breast milk. Usage of progestin-only mini-pills in nursing mothers should not begin until 6 weeks postpartum. Restrictions involved with the mini-pill are following a daily regime and unavailability in some developing countries. The combined progestin-estrogen oral contraceptives are not recommended for breastfeeding mothers. However, it may be an option if the mini-pill is unavailable and if its usage is not initiated until 6 months postpartum. Progestin-only implants and injectables are long- acting methods, but it is uncertain as to when to begin usage. Methods not affecting breast milk include condoms, spermicides, and vaginal barriers. Limitations associated with condoms include poor acceptance and availability. Diaphragms and cervical caps are not designed for immediate postpartum use; they must be fitted 4-6 weeks postpartum. Natural family planning involves recording body temperatures and cervical mucus to detect ovulation. This method is only recommended for women skilled in fertility awareness.