gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Local Immunization with <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> on Induction of Salivary Immunoglobulin A Antibody and Experimental Dental Caries in Rats (1974)

The effect of local immunization with Streptococcus mutans on dental caries in conventional and gnotobiotic rats was studied. Injection of these animals with S. mutans strain 6715 incorporated into complete Freund adjuvant consistently resulted in the presence of antibody in saliva directed to this organism. This antibody was primarily of the immunoglobulin A class as demonstrated by specific antiglobulin augmentation and gel filtration of antibody activity. Serum antibody was also present. Five experiments have been completed in conventional rats and two in gnotobiotic animals. The immunized group of animals always had lower mean caries scores than comparably sham-immunized or nonimmunized control groups. The numbers of lesions were also always lower in the immunized animals, suggesting a possible interference with the formation of new lesions in immunized animals. The reductions in dental caries and lesions were greater on smooth surfaces than on occlusal surfaces. which might be explained as interference with adherence phenomena demonstrated by S. mutans. It is proposed that salivary immunoglobulin A antibody may be viewed as an ecological determinant in the oral cavity by affecting oral microorganisms and possibly their by-products.
Surface Extraction Using SVM-Based Texture Classification for 3D Fetal Ultrasound Imaging (2006)

This paper presents a new method for extracting the frontal surface of a fetus automatically from a three-dimensional (3D) fetal ultrasound volume using support vector machine (SVM) based texture classification. Since a fetus often floats on amniotic fluids in its mother's uterus, the major part of the frontal surface may be extracted removing dark regions corresponding to the amniotic fluid regions. In this method, the removal of dark regions in a VOI of the volume is performed by a Laplacian-of-Gaussian (LoG) followed by zero-crossing detection, which is called coarse segmentation. In the regions segmented coarsely, some are fetus regions, some non-fetus regions such as the uterus, abdomen, and floating matters, and other mixed ones of the two. In order to extract more pure fetus regions, fine segmentation is executed to split the regions into more homogeneous sub-regions. The textureness of each sub-region is then measured by multi-window BDIP and multi-window BVLC moments and classified into fetus and non-fetus ones by a SVM which is known as efficient classification tool. The frontal contours extracted from merging adjacent fetus sub-regions is combined in all the frames of the VOI to generate a fetal surface, which defines a mask volume for 3D visualization of the fetus. Experimental results show that the proposed method is useful for automatic visualization of a fetus without intervention of a user in 3D ultrasound imaging.
Specific localization in the equatorial region of gp20, a 20 kDa sialylglycoprotein of the capacitated human spermatozoon acquired during epididymal transit which is necessary to penetrate zona-free hamster eggs (1998)

In this study we set out to characterize gp20, a 20 kDa glycoprotein of the human sperm surface, first identified by us by radiolabelling the sialic acid residues of the sperm surface [R. Focarelli et al. (1995), Mol. Hum. Reprod., 2, 2755-2759]. The protein was partially purified from pooled sperm samples of several healthy donors and used to raise a specific antiserum to study its localization in the reproductive system. When tested with freshly ejaculated spermatozoa, the anti-gp20 antibody intensely stained the head and midpiece. However, on capacitated spermatozoa the antigen was restricted to a sharp zone in the equatorial region. The antibody did not bind to differentiating germ cells but the antigen was present in epididymal epithelial cells and also in seminal plasma. Anti-gp20 exerted a blocking effect in a test for sperm penetration of zona-free hamster eggs, thus suggesting that gp20 is involved in the early stages of fertilization.
A PVT insensitive field programmable gate array time-to-digital converter (2013)

A process, voltage and temperature (PVT) insensitive time-to-digital converter (TDC) implemented in field programmable gate array (FPGA) is presented. The aim is to provide a PVT insensitive TDC solution with god enough resolution and wide measurement range. With the aid of FPGA embedded phase locked loop (PLL) which provides eight different output phases, a constant resolution around 84 ps can be ensured. The short term differential nonlinearity (DNL) is measured to be -0.482 ~ 0.457 LSB, and the corresponding integral nonlinearity (INL) is merely -0.612 ~ 0.575 LSB. This TDC was tested to be fully functional over 0°C to 50°C ambient temperature ranges with extremely low variation on resolution.
High-Q silicon carbide photonic-crystal cavities (2015)

We demonstrate one-dimensional photonic-crystal nanobeam cavities in amorphous silicon carbide. The fundamental mode exhibits intrinsic optical quality factor as high as 7.69 × 104 with mode volume ∼0.60(λ/n)3 at wavelength 1.5 μm. A corresponding Purcell factor value of ∼104 is the highest reported to date in silicon carbide optical cavities. The device exhibits great potential for integrated nonlinear photonics and cavity nano-optomechanics.
Chip-to-Board Micromachining for Interconnect Layer Passive Components (2007)

Integrated inductors are typically formed either on a chip or embedded in a package or board. In this work, we explore the possibility of forming inductors in the chip-to-board interconnect layer. The solderless technique of copper (Cu) electroplating bonding is used to simultaneously form inductor structures as well as chip-to-board interconnect. The use of the gap between the chip and substrate for inductors not only increases integration density, but also allows large magnetic cross-sectional areas to be achieved. To demonstrate the technology, a plating-through-mold method has been used in the establishment of tall interconnect or solenoid inductors. For demonstration of the electroplating bonded micro solenoid structures, three- and seven-turn (500mum in height) inductors have been realized with measured inductances of 3.6 and 10.4nH, and Q-factors of 71 and 55, respectively. As an alternative approach, a polymer-core-conductor method in which polymer posts coated with metal are electroplating bonded, has been developed. This approach reduces processing time in the fabrication of the tall metal structures. For the polymer core RF structures, three-, five-, seven-, and 10-turn inductors have been fabricated. These inductors have inductances of 4.2, 7.0, 9.6, and 13.6nH, and Q-factors of 72, 64, 56, and 61, respectively
Studies on the kenaf variety of Genus Hibiscus -I. The flowering and fertilization of the kenaf variety (1964)

1. Five varieties of kenaf, Hibiscus cannabinus L., were used for study the influence of various patterns on flowering and fertilization. e statistical analysis on the percentage of flowering in given time gave highly significant different patterns among five varieties examined. Korean local kenaf was flowered very early, whereas Everglades 71 flowered very late. Both Guatemala 38F and Guatemala 2A introducedf rom Guatemala were flowered intermediately to compare with Korean local and American varieties. 3. The data indicate that low temperature was given delayed flowering time which means the flowering time was closely related with temperature having the flowering time was accelerated more or less early by high temperature. 4. It was shown that the fertilization after pollination was needed for five to six hours. 6. It was examined that the adequate crossing time between different varieties on the kenaf was the time of heavy flowering.
Diastereoselective Diels–Alder Reaction on Carbohydrate Matrices (1987)

A complex or carbohydrate-bound acrylate and chlorotitanate determines the configuration of the Diels–Alder product of acrylate and cyclopentadiene. That (R)-2 and (S)-2 are formed in the ratio 93 : 7 can be rationalized in terms of the structure 1 for this complex.
Duplication of a 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid monooxygenase gene in Alcaligenes eutrophus JMP134(pJP4) (1988)

The Alcaligenes eutrophus JMP134 plasmid pJP4 contains genes necessary for the complete degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 3-chlorobenzoic acid. tfdA encodes 2,4-D monooxygenase, the initial enzyme in the 2,4-D catabolic pathway. The tfdA locus has recently been localized to a region on pJP4 13 kilobases away from a cluster of five genes, tfdB to tfdF, which encode the enzymes responsible for the further degradation of 2,4-D to chloromaleylacetic acid (W.R. Streber, K. N. Timmis, and M. H. Zenk, J. Bacteriol. 169:2950-2955, 1987). A second, dissimilar locus on pJP4, tfdAII, has been observed which encodes 2,4-D monooxygenase activity. Gas chromatographic analysis of the 2,4-D metabolites of A. eutrophus harboring pJP4 or subclones thereof localized tfdAII to within a 9-kilobase SstI fragment of pJP4 which also carries the genes tfdBCDEF. This fragment was further characterized in Escherichia coli by deletion and subcloning analysis. A region of 2.5 kilobases, adjacent to tfdC, enabled E. coli extracts to degrade 2,4-D to 2,4-dichlorophenol. Hybridization under low-stringency conditions was observed between tfdA and tfdAII, signifying that the 2,4-D monooxygenase gene was present as two related copies on pJP4.
Ribosome-catalysed reaction of puromycin with a formylmethionine-containing oligonucleotide (1967)

In this work, the structural, electronic and absorption properties of crystalline 3′-Amino-3′-deoxyadenosine (3′-AD) under hydrostatic compression of 0–300 GPa have been studied by using density functional theory with dispersion correction. The crystal structure of 3′-AD was relaxed using three types of exchange correlation energy and two types of van der Waals corrections at ambient conditions. The results indicate that PBE-TS is the best functional for studying 3′-AD. In addition, the c-direction is much stiffer than the a- and b-axis at 0–150 GPa, suggesting the 3′-AD crystal is anisotropic in the certain pressure region. Besides, pressured-induced formations of covalent bonds in P1 and P1z molecules results the formation of new four-atom ring at 110 GPa, and new five-atom ring at 290 GPa, resceptively. Then, the analysis of the band gap and DOS (PDOS) of 3′-AD indicate that its electronic character changes from insulator at 90 GPa into semiconductor, but the electron transition is much different at 110 GPa. Moreover, the relatively high optical activity with the pressure increases of 3′-AD is seen from the absorption coefficients, and two obvious structural transformations are also observed at 50 GPa and 100 GPa, respectively.
N-Acyl-3,3-difluoro-2-oxoindoles as versatile intermediates for the preparation of different 2,2-difluorophenylacetic derivatives (2008)

This paper describes the versatility of N-Acyl-3,3-difluoro-2-oxoindoles, obtained from the the reaction of N-acylisatins with (diethylamino)sulphur trifluoride (DAST) which, on opening of the heterocyclic ring by reactions with nucleophiles, lead to the formation of a variety of products: reaction with water yields 2-(2-amidoacyl)-2,2-difluoroacetic acids, with alcohols yields alkyl 2-(2-amidoacyl)-2,2-difluoroacetates, with amines and glycine yields 2-(2-amidoacyl)-2,2-difluoroacetamides and with thiosemicarbazides yields difluorothiosemicarbazide derivatives. The latter undergo acid-catalysed cyclizations to yield N-(2-((5-aminoaryl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)difluoromethyl)-4-(R)-phenyl)acetamide. The X-ray structure of N-(2-((5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)difluoromethyl)-4-methylphenyl)acetamide has been determined.
Mixed reality in virtual world teleconferencing (2010)

In this paper we present a Mixed Reality (MR) teleconferencing application based on Second Life (SL) and the OpenSim virtual world. Augmented Reality (AR) techniques are used for displaying virtual avatars of remote meeting participants in real physical spaces, while Augmented Virtuality (AV), in form of video based gesture detection, enables capturing of human expressions to control avatars and to manipulate virtual objects in virtual worlds. The use of Second Life for creating a shared augmented space to represent different physical locations allows us to incorporate the application into existing infrastructure. The application is implemented using open source Second Life viewer, ARToolKit and OpenCV libraries.
ACTIVITY OF THE METHYLENE GROUP IN THE ISOMERIC MONONITROBENZYL p-TOLYL SULFONES AND IN 2,4-DINITROBENZYL p-TOLYL SULFONE (1939)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTACTIVITY OF THE METHYLENE GROUP IN THE ISOMERIC MONONITROBENZYL p-TOLYL SULFONES AND IN 2,4-DINITROBENZYL p-TOLYL SULFONER. L. SHRINER and S. O. GREENLEECite this: J. Org. Chem. 1939, 04, 3, 242–251Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1939Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1939https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01215a004RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views105Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (590 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Improving transcription agreement of non-native English speech corpus transcribed by non-natives (2011)

This paper proposes an economical and effective phonetic transcription method for dealing with a large amount of nonnative English speech corpus. The method provides a consistent transcription agreement, although the corpus is transcribed by non-natives. To minimize the possibility of confusion in transcription process, forced aligned phone sequences and a set of possible mispronunciation candidate phones that Korean L2 learners are expected to make are given to the Korean transcribers for reference. The proposed method is evaluated by measuring the transcription agreement using Fleiss' kappa as well as percentage agreement. Furthermore, the transcription consistency is analyzed by comparing it to that performed on the English corpus transcribed by native speakers. As a result, a transcription agreement of 0.869 is achieved, while the Buckeye corpus transcribed by natives shows a transcription agreement of 0.803.
Generate hydrogen for reformulated gasoline and clean diesel requirements (1993)

The benefits of hypnotic analgesia as an adjunct to childbirth education were studied in 60 nulliparous women. Subjects were divided into high and low hypnotic susceptibility groups before receiving 6 sessions of childbirth education and skill mastery using an ischemic pain task. Half of the Ss in each group received a hypnotic induction at the beginning of each session; the remaining control Ss received relaxation and breathing exercises typically used in childbirth education. Both hypnotic Ss and highly susceptible Ss reported reduced pain. Hypnotically prepared births had shorter Stage 1 labors, less medication, higher Apgar scores, and more frequent spontaneous deliveries than control Ss' births. Highly susceptible, hypnotically treated women had lower depression scores after birth than women in the other 3 groups. We propose that repeated skill mastery facilitated the effectiveness of hypnosis in our study.
Construction of a ferroxidase center in human ferritin L-chain. (1994)

Ferritins are 24-mer proteins which store and detoxify intracellular iron. Mammalian ferritins are made of two subunit types, the H- and L-chains, with different functional specificity. The H-chain has a metal-binding site (the ferroxidase center) which confers ferroxidase activity to the protein and accelerates iron incorporation. In the L-chain the center is substituted by a salt bridge. We performed several site-directed mutageneses in the L-chain with the aim to construct the center and confer ferroxidase activity to the protein. Most variants were insoluble and did not refold into homopolymers, probably due to electrostatic repulsion introduced by the substitutions. However, they formed hybrids when they were renatured together with the L- or H-chains. The heteropolymers made of 90% L-chain and 10% of an L-variant with all the ligand residues of the H-chain center had 25-30% of the ferroxidase activity of the H-chain homopolymer. This corresponds to the activity of an H/L heteropolymer with 7% H-chain. It is concluded that: (i) it is possible to construct a ferroxidase center in the L-chain with an activity equivalent to that of the H-chain, (ii) the residues of the center interfere with the folding/assembly of the L-, but not of the H-chain, (iii) heteropolymers can be made even between ferritin subunits with large differences of refolding rates.
Enabling Efficient and Scalable Hybrid Memories Using Fine-Granularity DRAM Cache Management (2012)

Hybrid main memories composed of DRAM as a cache to scalable non-volatile memories such as phase-change memory (PCM) can provide much larger storage capacity than traditional main memories. A key challenge for enabling high-performance and scalable hybrid memories, though, is efficiently managing the metadata (e.g., tags) for data cached in DRAM at a fine granularity. Based on the observation that storing metadata off-chip in the same row as their data exploits DRAM row buffer locality, this paper reduces the overhead of fine-granularity DRAM caches by only caching the metadata for recently accessed rows on-chip using a small buffer. Leveraging the flexibility and efficiency of such a fine-granularity DRAM cache, we also develop an adaptive policy to choose the best granularity when migrating data into DRAM. On a hybrid memory with a 512MB DRAM cache, our proposal using an 8KB on-chip buffer can achieve within 6% of the performance of, and 18% better energy efficiency than, a conventional 8MB SRAM metadata store, even when the energy overhead due to large SRAM metadata storage is not considered.
Short-Interval Detailed Production Scheduling in 300mm Semiconductor Manufacturing using Mixed Integer and Constraint Programming (2006)

Fully automated 300mm manufacturing requires the adoption of a real-time lot dispatching paradigm. Automated dispatching has provided significant improvements over manual dispatching by removing variability from the thousands of dispatching decisions made every day in a fab. Real-time resolution of tool queues, with consideration of changing equipment states, process restrictions, physical and logical location of WIP, supply chain objectives and a myriad of other parameters, is required to ensure successful dispatching in the dynamic fab environment. However, the real-time dispatching decision in semiconductor manufacturing generally remains a reactive, heuristic response in existing applications, limited to the current queue of each tool. The shortcomings of this method of assigning WIP to tools, aptly named "opportunistic scavenging" as stated in G. Sullivan (1987), have become more apparent in lean manufacturing environments where lower WIP levels present fewer obvious opportunities for beneficial lot sequencing or batching. Recent advancements in mixed integer programming (MIP) and constraint programming (CP) have raised the possibility of integrating optimization software, commonly used outside of the fab environment to compute optimal solutions for scheduling scenarios ranging from order fulfillment systems to crew-shift-equipment assignments, with a real-time dispatcher to create a short-interval scheduler. The goal of such a scheduler is to optimize WIP flow through various sectors of the fab by expanding the analysis beyond the current WIP queue to consider upstream and downstream flow across the entire tool group or sector. This article describes the production implementation of a short-interval local area scheduler in IBM's leading-edge 300mm fab located in East Fishkill, New York, including motivation, approach, and initial results
Carbon nanotube optoelectronics (2006)

Abstract In this tutorial we review the optical and electro‐optical properties of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The nature of the excited states of CNTs, their production by photon and electrical excitation and their decay are analyzed. Two types of single CNT light emitters based on ambipolar e–h recombination and a novel unipolar internal impact excitation mechanism are discussed. The reverse process of light detection through photoconduction is also briefly considered. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On transitive and fully transitive primary groups (1969)

Let G be a p-primary abelian group and : an ordinal number such that G/p#G is totally projective. It is shown that G is transitive if and only if p#G is transitive. The same result is also proved regarding full transitivity. These theorems extend results of Griffith [i]. The primary group G is said to be potentially transitive if G/I{ x -=G/I{ y } whenever x and y are elements of G that have the same height sequence. Using an example suggested by Megibben, we prove there exist primary groups that are not potentially transitive.
Researches on Turning with Self-Propelled Rotary Cutting Tool (Part 4) (1971)

This paper deals with the cutting temperature on turning with a self-propelled rotary cutting tool. The measurement of the cutting temperature was carried out by tool-work thermocouple. The characteristics of the rotary cutting tool was compared with that of the conventional cutting tool. In addition, the cutting temperature was discussed by means of cutting energy which was estimated by cutting force and mechanism of chip formation and so forth.The results obtained are as follows.1) The cutting temperature on turning with the rotary cutting tool is smaller than that with the conventional cutting tool, and the discrepancy varies in the inclination angle of tool.2) The difference of temperature between the rotary cutting tool and the tool with the fixed edge depends on the heat generation of the region of tool-chip interface rather than that of the shear region.