gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dependency Tree-based Sentiment Classification using CRFs with Hidden Variables (2010)

In this paper, we present a dependency treebased method for sentiment classification of Japanese and English subjective sentences using conditional random fields with hidden variables. Subjective sentences often contain words which reverse the sentiment polarities of other words. Therefore, interactions between words need to be considered in sentiment classification, which is difficult to be handled with simple bag-of-words approaches, and the syntactic dependency structures of subjective sentences are exploited in our method. In the method, the sentiment polarity of each dependency subtree in a sentence, which is not observable in training data, is represented by a hidden variable. The polarity of the whole sentence is calculated in consideration of interactions between the hidden variables. Sum-product belief propagation is used for inference. Experimental results of sentiment classification for Japanese and English subjective sentences showed that the method performs better than other methods based on bag-of-features. 1
Release Characteristics of Novel pH-Sensitive p(HEMA-DMAEMA) Hydrogels Containing 3-(Trimethoxy-silyl) Propyl Methacrylate (2003)

An amphiphilic hydrogel of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) cross-linked with tetraethyleneglycol diacrylate (TEGDA) was synthesized to contain the hydrophobic monomer 3-(trimethoxy-silyl) propyl methacrylate (PMA) and the pH-responsive, hydrophilic monomer N',N'-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA). The gels were separately loaded with two biomolecular probes, insulin and protamine, via both physical entrapment and equilibrium imbibition methods. The release profiles for these biomolecular probes, possessing similar MW (5.7 and 4-6 kDa, respectively) but different pI's (5.3 and 10.0, respectively), were investigated with respect to variation in the pH of the bathing medium as well as the DMAEMA content, and the cross-link density of the hydrogel. Gels exhibited classical Fickian diffusion release profiles. For a typical gel composition 66:15:10:09 mol % (HEMA:DMAEMA:PMA:TEGDA), as the pH of the release media decreased from 7.3 to 4.0, the rate of release of both biomolecular probes increased. When loaded via entrapment, the insulin release rate increased ca. 4-fold (1.0-3.7 x 10(-7) cm(2) s(-1)), whereas that of protamine increased 10-fold (0.3-3.3 x 10(-7) cm(2) s(-1)). When loaded by imbibition, the insulin diffusion coefficient increased 2-fold (3.8-7.2 x 10(-7) cm(2) s(-1)), whereas that of protamine increased 3-fold (1.9-5.5 x 10(-7) cm(2) s(-1)). The reduction of pH, through its protonation of the gel network, has a more dramatic influence on protamine release, the result of its higher pI (10.0) compared to that of insulin (5.3). As the DMAEMA content of the hydrogel was increased from 0 to 20 mol %, the diffusion coefficient of protamine increased by ca. 7-fold (1.7-12.2 x 10(-7) cm(2) s(-1)), whereas that of insulin increased only ca. 2-fold (1.7-4.0 x 10(-7) cm(2) s(-1)). This differential release confirms the role of internal protonation in effecting the greater release of the protonated drug molecule. Increasing the TEGDA content from 3 to 15 mol % reduced the diffusion coefficient ca. 3-fold for insulin (1.6-0.5 x 10(-7) cm(2) s(-1)) and 5-fold for protamine (4.0-0.8 x 10(-7) cm(2) s(-1)). The final D(ip) at 15 mol % TEGDA suggests that the smaller mesh size offsets any differential release that arises from protonation. The presence of PMA in the hydrogel formulation, which contributes additional cross-links by reason of the formation of siloxane macromers, did not change the usually observed Fickian diffusion mechanism.
Highly scalable short read alignment with the Burrows-Wheeler transform and cloud computing (2009)

Improvements in DNA sequencing have both broadened its utility and dramatically increased the size of sequencing datasets. Sequencing instruments are now used regularly as sources of high-resolution evidence for genotyping, methylation profiling, DNA-protein interaction mapping, and characterizing gene expression in the human genome and in other species. With existing methods, the computational cost of aligning short reads from the Illumina instrument to a mammalian genome can be very large: on the order of many CPU months for one human genotyping project. This thesis presents a novel application of the Burrows-Wheeler Transform that enables the alignment of short DNA sequences to mammalian genomes at a rate much faster than existing hashtable-based methods. The thesis also presents an extension of the technique that exploits the scalability of Cloud Computing to perform the equivalent of one human genotyping project in hours.
The<i>Arabidopsis SRR1</i>gene mediates phyB signaling and is required for normal circadian clock function (2003)

Plants possess several photoreceptors to sense the light environment. In Arabidopsis cryptochromes and phytochromes play roles in photomorphogenesis and in the light input pathways that synchronize the circadian clock with the external world. We have identified SRR1 (sensitivity to red light reduced), a gene that plays an important role in phytochrome B (phyB)-mediated light signaling. The recessive srr1 null allele and phyB mutants display a number of similar phenotypes indicating that SRR1 is required for normal phyB signaling. Genetic analysis suggests that SRR1 works both in the phyB pathway but also independently of phyB. srr1 mutants are affected in multiple outputs of the circadian clock in continuous light conditions, including leaf movement and expression of the clock components, CCA1 and TOC1. Clock-regulated gene expression is also impaired during day-night cycles and in constant darkness. The circadian phenotypes of srr1 mutants in all three conditions suggest that SRR1 activity is required for normal oscillator function. The SRR1 gene was identified and shown to code for a protein conserved in numerous eukaryotes including mammals and flies, implicating a conserved role for this protein in both the animal and plant kingdoms.
Content management systems for Intranets (2001)

This article looks at the issues that need to be considered in specifying and purchasing content management software for an Intranet. The differences between the content management requirements of a web site and those of an Intranet are emphasised, and guidance is provided on the selection of a software supplier.
A Laboratory Study of CO2-Foam Process for Bati Raman Field, Turkey (1991)

ABSTRACT An immicible CO2 project has been continuing in Bati Raman field, Turkey. Field results indicated the early breaktrough of CO2 in most of production wells due to heavy oil content and fractured structure of the limestone reservoir. A laboratory study was conducted to investigate different aspects of the feasibility of in-situ foaming to improve mobility ratio and injection profile in Bati Raman reservoir. Well-known static screening tests were used to select the most suitable surfactants at atmospheric pressure. These tests together with high pressure static tests using synthetic reservoir brine showed better stability for 3 ethoxylated surfactants. To determine the retention properties of these surfactants static and dynamic experiments were performed. The effects of pH, flow rate and fractured structure of the reservoir rock on retention were also investigated. Higher surfactant losses resulted in partionning experiments. To justify the results of static foam tests and to investigate some dynamic parameters on gas mobility, dynamic tests across the sandstones and carbonate Bati Raman cores were carried out. Artificially fractured Bati Raman cores were utilized to better simulate the heterogeneity of the reservoir.
A new PCNN-based method for segmentation of SAR images (2008)

This study describes a new method for segmentation of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images, which integrates optimal threshold with pulse-coupled neural network (PCNN). Traditional image segmentation algorithms exhibit weak performance for SAR images due to the poor quality of SAR images. PCNN has been widely used in image segmentation. However, satisfactory results are usually obtained at the expense of time-consuming selection of PCNN parameters and the number of iterations. Simplified unit-linking PCNN with only one parameter to be determined are used in the proposed method. The method initiates segmentation with the optimal threshold so one iteration is needed. The method demonstrates accuracy and fast performance in segmentation results and in processing speed compared to those PCNN segmentation algorithms which requires determining the number of iterations and image entropy. Moreover, the method is not sensitive to noise and intensity. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method. This method aims to be possible in real-time hardware implementation.
Cytoprotective effect on oxidative stress and inhibitory effect on cellular aging of <i>Terminalia chebula</i> fruit (2004)

The ethanol extract from the fruit of Terminalia chebula (Combretaceae) exhibited significant inhibitory activity on oxidative stress and the age-dependent shortening of the telomeric DNA length. In the peroxidation model using t-BuOOH, the T. chebula extract showed a notable cytoprotective effect on the HEK-N/F cells with 60.5 +/- 3.8% at a concentration of 50 microg/ml. In addition, the T. chebula extract exhibited a significant cytoprotective effect against UVB-induced oxidative damage. The life-span of the HEK-N/F cells was elongated by 40% as a result of the continuous administration of 3 microg/ml of the T. chebula extract compared to that of the control. These observations were attributed to the inhibitory effect of the T. chebula extract on the age-dependent shortening of the telomere, length as shown by the Southern blots of the terminal restriction fragments (TRFs) of DNA extracted from subculture passages.
Radiographic assessment of cup migration and wear after hip replacement (1997)

Methods are needed for accurate measurement of acetabular cup migration and wear after hip replacement. The EBRA (Ein Bild Röntgen Analyse) method was recently introduced as computerized method for radiographic assessment of acetabular cup migration. In this study, various standard methods for measuring migration were evaluated and compared to radiostereometry (RSA), which has proved to be highly accurate. A subroutine for wear measurement was developed and added to the EBRA method. Of the standard methods, Nunn's method was the best for migration measurement and Livermore's the best for wear measurement. Measurements with EBRA were better than the standard methods. Pelvic tilt seemed to be the main source of error in measurements. The effect of pelvic tilt was evaluated experimentally. EBRA detected and excluded tilted radiographs, the errors of measurement being smaller with EBRA than with standard methods. The precision of the input procedure, repeated radiographic examination, the intra- and interobserver errors were assessed. Apart from the digital input of the data, EBRA was better than the standard methods. Normal values concerning acetabular cup migration and wear should be obtained from long-term surviving hip replacements, without radiographic signs of loosening. No method of measurement detected evidence of changes in the wear-rate and in migration over time. EBRA showed cold-flow in some cups, but did not provide additional information in the long-term. Nunn's method for migration measurements and Livermore's method for wear are recommended in clinical practice. EBRA is more accurate and should be used for studies of new implant designs that have passed the preclinical and, preferably, radiostereometric analysis. RSA is unsurpassed and is recommended for early clinical follow-up in a limited number of patients.
Coliform Bacteria in Soluble Oil Emulsions (1954)

Cutting oils are commonly used in machine shop operations as lubricants in the cutting and grinding of metals.Two types of cutting fluids are used, the straight oils and the soluble oils.The straight oils are usually mineral oils with or without chemical additives and
Copolymers of Isopropenyl Alkyl Ethers with Fluorinated Acrylates and Fluoroacrylates:  Influence of Fluorine on Their Thermal, Photochemical, and Hydrolytic Stability (2006)

The homopolymer of butyl isopropenyl ether (pBPE) and a series of homo- and copolymers of BPE and decyl isopropenyl ether (DPE) with acrylates and methacrylates fluorinated on the vinyl and/or the alkoxy group were synthesized by cationic (pBPE) or free-radical process. The three structurally analogous 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl methacrylate (HFIMA), 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl 2-fluoroacrylate (HFIFA), and isopropyl 2-fluoroacrylate (IFA) as well as ethyl 3,3-difluoro-2-methylpropenoate (EFMA) were used as the fluorinated comonomers. The thermal properties and aging behavior of the copolymers were correlated to their structure and particularly to the protective action of the fluorinated moieties against photooxidative and acid-catalyzed hydrolytic degradation triggered by the labile side chains of the BPE units. Depending on their distance from the primary center of photooxidation, the fluorinated groups can either slow down or largely modify the degradation pathway, as shown by the dominant cross-linking in the strictly alternating HFIFA/BPE which outweighs the prevailing chain fragmentation of the other copolymers.
Identification of a Signal That Distinguishes between the Chloroplast Outer Envelope Membrane and the Endomembrane System in Vivo (2001)

Certain small outer envelope membrane proteins of chloroplasts are encoded by the nuclear genome without a cleavable N-terminal transit peptide. We investigated in vivo the targeting mechanism of AtOEP7, an Arabidopsis homolog of the small outer envelope membrane protein. AtOEP7 was expressed as a fusion protein with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) either transiently in protoplasts or stably in transgenic plants. In either case, fluorescence microscopy of transformed cells and protein gel blot analysis of fractionated proteins confirmed that the AtOEP7:GFP fusion protein was targeted to the chloroplast outer envelope membrane. In vivo targeting experiments revealed that two regions, the transmembrane domain (TMD) and its C-terminal neighboring seven-amino acid region, were necessary and sufficient for targeting to the chloroplast outer membrane. Substitution of aspartic acid or lysine residues with glycine residues or scrambling of the amino acid sequence of the seven-amino acid region caused mistargeting to the plasma membrane. Although the amino acid sequence of the TMD is not important for targeting, amino acid residues with large side chains inhibited targeting to the chloroplasts and resulted in the formation of large aggregates in the protoplasts. In addition, introduction of a proline residue within the TMD resulted in inhibition of targeting. Finally, a fusion protein, AtOEP7:NLS:GFP, was targeted efficiently to the chloroplast envelope membranes despite the presence of a nuclear localization signal. On the basis of these results, we conclude that the seven-amino acid region and the TMD are determinants for targeting to the chloroplast outer envelope membrane. The seven-amino acid region plays a critical role in AtOEP7 evading the endomembrane system and entering the chloroplast pathway, and the TMD plays critical roles in migration to the chloroplasts and/or subsequent insertion into the membrane.
Harmonic filter design using actual recorded data (2003)

The authors present a study of harmonic filter design to minimize harmonic distortion caused by a harmonic source such as drives. Several types of shunt harmonic filters are presented. The analysis includes the basic principles, the application of the Z-bus method, and the economic aspects for harmonic filter design. Offline steady-state simulation programs were used to model loads, to study variation of the harmonics, and to evaluate the effect of harmonic filters at various buses in the system. The performance of each filter design was tested using data recorded in local utility systems. A method of reducing resonance that may occur due to the presence of the filter is also suggested. The transient analysis of harmonic filters using the electromagnetic transients program (EMTP) is reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Acetic acid production in acetic acid bacteria leading to their 'death' and survival (2005)

Acetic acid bacteria are obligate aerobes, and have the strong ability to oxidize ethanol, sugar alcohols, and sugars into their corresponding acids, of which the most prominent reaction is ethanol oxidation to produce and accumulate extraordinary amounts of acetic acid outside of the cell. Since acetic acid bacteria, especially Acetobacter or Gluconacetobacter species, are able to grow in medium with a high concentration of acetic acid, they must have specific mechanisms to resist such a severe bactericidal agent, and also there must be a reason why they produce this harmful metabolite. When acetic acid bacteria grow on ethanol medium, they exhibit a typical diauxic growth phases. During the first phase, they oxidize ethanol to acetic acid, and persist for a while in culture medium filled with a high concentration of acetic acid. Some time later, they start to assimilate the acetic acid to grow further. During the growth phases when they are exposed to high concentrations of acetic acid, these bacteria reduce their population when measured as colony forming units, but start to grow again after reaching a minimum threshold of the population. Our experimental data suggests that their ability to tolerate acetic acid is related to their ability to oxidize ethanol and also to exclude acetic acid from inside the cell. Furthermore, during the last stage of metabolism absorbed acetic acid is oxidized to carbon dioxide. Acetic acid bacteria have acquired these complicated mechanisms as part of their survival strategy for competing with other microorganisms.
Balls-into-bins with nearly optimal load distribution (2013)

We consider sequential balls-into-bins processes that randomly allocate m balls into n bins. We analyze two allocation schemes that achieve a close to optimal maximum load of ⌈m/n⌉ + 1 and require only O(m) (expected) allocation time. These parameters should be compared with the classic d-choice-process which achieves a maximum load of m/n + log log n/d + O(1) and requires m • d allocation time.
Eddy correlation measurements of methane fluxes using a tunable diode laser at the Kinosheo Lake tower site during the Northern Wetlands Study (NOWES) (1994)

As part of the Canadian Northern Wetlands Study (NOWES) measurements of methane flux were made at the Kinosheo Lake tower site for a 1‐month period during the 1990 summer intensive. The measurements were made with a diode‐laser‐based methane sensor using the eddy correlation technique. Measurements of the methane fluxes were made at two levels, 5 or 18 m. Approximately 900 half‐hour average methane flux measurements were obtained. Weak temporal and diurnal trends were observed in the data. Fluxes averaged over the study period showed an overall methane emission of 16 mg CH 4 m −2 d −1 with a daytime average of 20 mg CH 4 m −2 d −1 and a nighttime average of 9 mg CH 4 m −2 d −1 . The effect of emission footprint was evident in the data. A strong relationship between the daily average methane flux and wet bog temperature at 20‐cm depth was observed.
Stereoscopic Thumbnail Creation via Efficient Stereo Saliency Detection (2016)

In this paper, we propose a framework for automatically producing thumbnails from stereo image pairs. It has two components focusing respectively on stereo saliency detection and stereo thumbnail generation. The first component analyzes stereo saliency through various saliency stimuli, stereoscopic perception and the relevance between two stereo views. The second component uses stereo saliency to guide stereo thumbnail generation. We develop two types of thumbnail generation methods, both changing image size automatically. The first method is called content-persistent cropping (CPC), which aims at cropping stereo images for display devices with different aspect ratios while preserving as much content as possible. The second method is an object-aware cropping method (OAC) for generating the smallest possible thumbnail pair that retains the most important content only and facilitates quick visual exploration of a stereo image database. Quantitative and qualitative experimental evaluations demonstrate promising performance of our thumbnail generation methods in comparison to state-of-the-art algorithms.
Research on Integration Model of Data Based on XML (2006)

With the increasing development of enterprises' data computerized, a large amount of heterogeneous data and information can be found in Intranet and Internet. Data integration is one of the problems confronting the construction of enterprises' data compterization. This paper puts forward the integration frame of enterprises' data integration model based on XML technologies. The components of the integration frame are explained and the key technologies related are researched.
Scalable approach to multi-dimensional bulk Si anodes via metal-assisted chemical etching (2011)

Specific design and optimization of the configuration of micro-scale materials can effectively enhance battery performance, including volumetric density. Herein, we employed commercially available low-cost bulk silicon powder to produce multi-dimensional silicon composed of porous nanowires and micro-sized cores, which can be used as anode materials in lithium-ion batteries, by combining a metal deposition and metal-assisted chemical etching process. Nanoporous silicon nanowires of 5–8 μm in length and with a pore size of ∼10 nm are formed in the bulk silicon particle. The silicon electrodes having multi-dimensional structures accommodate large volume changes of silicon during lithium insertion and extraction. These materials show a high reversible charge capacity of ∼2400 mAh g−1 with an initial coulombic efficiency of 91% and stable cycle performance. The synthetic route described herein is simple, low-cost, and mass producible (high yield of 40–50% in tens of gram scale), and thus, provides an effective method for producing high-performance anode materials.
Changes in Anthocyanins and Polyphenolics During Juice Processing of Highbush Blueberries ( <i>Vaccinium corymbosum</i> L.) (2000)

ABSTRACT: Frozen blueberries ( Vaccinium corymbosum L.) were processed into juice and concentrate, and the changes in anthocyanin pigments and polyphenolics (cinnamates, procyanidins, flavonol glycosides) were monitored. While juice yield was 83%, only 32% of the anthocyanins were recovered in single‐strength juice. Flavonol, procyanidin and chlorogenic acid recoveries in juice were 35%, 43%, and 53%, respectively. The proportion of polyphenolics remaining in the press‐cake residue ranged from 1% (chlorogenic acid) to 18% (anthocyanins). Pronounced losses of anthocyanins and polyphenolics during milling and depectinization are believed to be due to native polyphenol oxidase. Losses during concentration ranged from 1.5% (anthocyanins) to 20% (procyanidins). Striking changes occurred in the anthocyanin profile with malvidin glycosides being most stable and delphinidin glycosides the least.