gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proposed Nonmagnetic Stern-Gerlach Experiment Using Electron Diffraction (2010)

We demonstrate that a transverse spin current can be generated simply by diffraction through a single slit in the spin-orbit coupling system of the two-dimensional electron gas. In the regime of spin-orbit coupling $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\mathrm{m}$, an out-of-plane component of the electron spin of up to $0.42\ensuremath{\hbar}$ can be generated. Based on this effect, a novel device consisting of a grating to distill spin is designed. Two first diffraction peaks of electron carry different spins, providing a nonmagnetic version of the Stern-Gerlach experiment. The direction of the spin current can be controlled by the gate voltage with low energy cost.
Dual Regulation of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK3)α/β by Protein Kinase C (PKC)α and Akt Promotes Thrombin-mediated Integrin αIIbβ3 Activation and Granule Secretion in Platelets (2012)

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 is a Ser/Thr kinase, tonically active in resting cells but inhibited by phosphorylation of an N-terminal Ser residue (Ser(21) in GSK3α and Ser(9) in GSK3β) in response to varied external stimuli. Recent work suggests that GSK3 functions as a negative regulator of platelet function, but how GSK3 is regulated in platelets has not been examined in detail. Here, we show that early thrombin-mediated GSK3 phosphorylation (0-30 s) was blocked by PKC inhibitors and largely absent in platelets from PKCα knock-out mice. In contrast, late (2-5 min) GSK3 phosphorylation was dependent on the PI3K/Akt pathway. Similarly, early thrombin-mediated inhibition of GSK3 activity was blocked in PKCα knock-out platelets, whereas the Akt inhibitor MK2206 reduced late thrombin-mediated GSK3 inhibition and largely prevented GSK3 inhibition in PKCα knock-out platelets. More importantly, GSK3 phosphorylation contributes to platelet function as knock-in mice where GSK3α Ser(21) and GSK3β Ser(9) were mutated to Ala showed a significant reduction in PAR4-mediated platelet aggregation, fibrinogen binding, and P-selectin expression, whereas the GSK3 inhibitor CHIR99021 enhanced these responses. Together, these results demonstrate that PKCα and Akt modulate platelet function by phosphorylating and inhibiting GSK3α/β, thereby relieving the negative effect of GSK3α/β on thrombin-mediated platelet activation.
RSG-Net: Towards Rich Sematic Relationship Prediction for Intelligent Vehicle in Complex Environments (2022)

Behavioral and semantic relationships play a vital role on intelligent self-driving vehicles and ADAS systems. Different from other research focused on trajectory, position, and bounding boxes, relationship data provides a human understandable description of the object's behavior, and it could describe an object's past and future status in an amazingly brief way. Therefore it is a fundamental method for tasks such as risk detection, environment understanding, and decision making. In this paper, we propose RSG-Net (Road Scene Graph Net): a graph convolutional network designed to predict potential semantic relationships from object proposals, and produces a graph-structured result, called "Road Scene Graph". The experimental results indicate that this network, trained on Road Scene Graph dataset, could efficiently predict potential semantic relationships among objects around the ego-vehicle.
Real Time - Mach Timers: Exporting Time to the User (1993)

The current CMU Mach 3.0 microkernel exports simple timestamp and delay abstractions through host get time() and a timeout parameter to mach msg(). While this is sufficient for many purposes, it does not provide the precision or generality required for a variety of realtime applications. In this paper we describe extensions to CMU&apos;s Mach 3.0 which provide users with flexible time-based synchronization and timestamp services. Additionally, we will describe how timing and scheduling services are integrated to allow real-time applications to handle timing faults. 1 Introduction Modern operating systems are expected to provide services to allow application programs to synchronize with the passage of time. The BSD UNIX interface includes gettimeofday(), sleep(), signal() and select() to provide this functionality[7]. Similarly, Mach 3.0 exports host get time() and a timeout parameter to mach msg()[8]. While these timing services are sufficient for a broad range of general purpose applicati...
Near-field dynamics of ultrashort pulsed Bessel beams in media with Kerr nonlinearity (2006)

The near-field dynamics of a femtosecond Bessel beam propagating in a Kerr nonlinear medium (fused silica) is investigated both numerically and experimentally. We demonstrate that the input Bessel beam experiences strong nonlinear reshaping. Due to the combined action of self-focusing and nonlinear losses the reshaped beam exhibits a radial compression and reduced visibility of the Bessel oscillations. Moreover, we show that the reshaping process starts from the intense central core and gradually replaces the Bessel beam profile during propagation, highlighting the conical geometry of the energy flow.
Applications of the Ion Microprobe to Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry (1982)

Carbonatites are igneous rocks formed in the crust by fractional crystallization of carbonate-rich parental melts that are mostly mantle derived. They dominantly consist of carbonate minerals such as calcite, dolomite, and ankerite, as well as minor ...Read More
The Effect of the Angiotensin-Converting–Enzyme Inhibitor Zofenopril on Mortality and Morbidity after Anterior Myocardial Infarction (1995)

Treatment with zofenopril significantly improved both short-term and long-term outcome when this drug was started within 24 hours after the onset of acute anterior myocardial infarction and continued for six weeks.
Diesel and CNG Transit Bus Emissions Characterization by Two Chassis Dynamometer Laboratories: Results and Issues (1999)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Emissions of six 32 passenger transit buses were characterized using one of the West Virginia University (WVU) Transportable Heavy Duty Emissions Testing Laboratories, and the fixed base chassis dynamometer at the Colorado Institute for Fuels and High Altitude Engine Research (CIFER). Three of the buses were powered with 1997 ISB 5.9 liter Cummins diesel engines, and three were powered with the 1997 5.9 liter Cummins natural gas (NG) counterpart. The NG engines were LEV certified. Objectives were to contrast the emissions performance of the diesel and NG units, and to compare results from the two laboratories. Both laboratories found that oxides of nitrogen and particulate matter (PM) emissions were substantially lower for the natural gas buses than for the diesel buses. It was observed that by varying the rapidity of pedal movement during accelerations in the Central Business District cycle (CBD), CO and PM emissions from the diesel buses could be varied by a factor of three or more. The driving styles may be characterized as aggressive and non-aggressive, but both styles followed the CBD speed command acceptably. PM emissions were far higher for the aggressive driving style. For the NG fueled vehicles driving style had a similar, although smaller, effect on NO<sub>x</sub>. It is evident that driver habits may cause substantial deviation in emissions for the CBD cycle. When the CO emissions are used as a surrogate for driver aggression, a regression analysis shows that NO<sub>x</sub> and PM emissions from the two laboratories agree closely for equivalent driving style. Implications of driver habit for emissions inventories and regulations are briefly considered.</div>
Cluster Ion Formation in Free Jet Expansion Processes at Low Temperatures (1984)

Abstract An experimental high voltage post‐acceleration facility for the detection of high molecular weight cluster ions is described. A summary of results obtained with this facility in studies of high molecular weight water and argon cluster ions is presented. Results on studies of hydrogen cluster ion formation in the expansion of pure weakly ionized hydrogen gas are also presented. Attempts to limit cluster ion formation in hydrogen to quasi equilibrium conditions inside the ion source with source apertures as small as 0.00125 cm were inconclusive. These studies indicated that approximately 25–33 cluster‐ion hydrogen molecule collisions could serve to stabilize the growing cluster ions.
Unmasking a Third Polymorph of a Benchmark Crystal‐Structure‐Prediction Compound (2009)

Polymorph hunting: The crystal structure of a third polymorph (form III; see picture: N blue, S yellow, O red) of 6-amino-2-phenylsulfonylimino-1,2-dihydropyridine, a crystal-structure-prediction blind-test molecule, was obtained using polymer-induced heteronucleation. Experimental stability determination finds that the in silico predicted thermodynamically stable form (form II) is actually least stable among the three polymorphs. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A stereoselective synthesis of (.+-.)-nootkatone and (.+-.)-valencene via an intramolecular Sakurai reaction (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA stereoselective synthesis of (.+-.)-nootkatone and (.+-.)-valencene via an intramolecular Sakurai reactionGeorge Majetich, Mark Behnke, and Ken HullCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 19, 3615–3618Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00219a034https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00219a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views982Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Metal–Organic Framework with Suitable Pore Size and Specific Functional Sites for the Removal of Trace Propyne from Propylene (2018)

Abstract Separation of propyne/propylene (C 3 H 4 /C 3 H 6 ) is more difficult and challenging than that of acetylene/ethylene (C 2 H 2 /C 2 H 4 ) because of their closer molecular sizes. A comprehensive screening of a series of metal–organic frameworks with broad types of structures, pore sizes, and functionalities was carried out. UTSA‐200 was identified as the best separating material for the removal of trace C 3 H 4 from C 3 H 4 /C 3 H 6 mixtures. Gas sorption isotherms reveal that UTSA‐200 exhibits by far the highest C 3 H 4 adsorption capacity (95 cm 3 cm −3 at 0.01 bar and 298 K) and record C 3 H 4 /C 3 H 6 selectivity, which was mainly attributed to the suitable dynamic pore size to efficiently block the larger C 3 H 6 molecule whilst the strong binding sites and pore flexibility capture smaller C 3 H 4 . This material thus provides record purification capacity for the removal of C 3 H 4 from a 1:99 (or 0.1:99.9, v/v) C 3 H 4 /C 3 H 6 mixture to produce 99.9999 % pure C 3 H 6 with a productivity of 62.0 (or 142.8) mmol g −1 .
Stacked Hourglass Networks for Human Pose Estimation (2016)

This work introduces a novel convolutional network architecture for the task of human pose estimation. Features are processed across all scales and consolidated to best capture the various spatial relationships associated with the body. We show how repeated bottom-up, top-down processing used in conjunction with intermediate supervision is critical to improving the performance of the network. We refer to the architecture as a "stacked hourglass" network based on the successive steps of pooling and upsampling that are done to produce a final set of predictions. State-of-the-art results are achieved on the FLIC and MPII benchmarks outcompeting all recent methods.
Nanoparticle based drug delivery system: Advantages and applications (2011)

There has been a considerable research interest in the area of drug delivery systems using nanoparticles. Nanostructured biomaterials have unique physicochemical properties such as ultra small and controllable size, large surface area to mass ratio, high reactivity and functionalizable structure. It alter and improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of various types of drug molecules that are capable of targeted delivery of both imaging agents and anticancer drugs and early detection of cancer lesions, determination of molecular signatures of the tumor by noninvasive imaging and, most importantly, molecular targeted cancer therapy. These properties can be applied on drug to overcoming some of the limitations in traditional therapeutics. They have been used in vivo to protect the drug entity in the systemic circulation, restrict access of the drug to the chosen sites and to deliver the drug at a controlled and sustained rate to the site of action, minimizes undesirable side effects of the drugs and allow for more efficient use of the drug. It should be present at appropriate concentrations at the target site, and it should not lose its activity or therapeutic efficacy while in circulation. Here, we review various aspects of nanoparticle formulation, characterization, effect of their characteristics and their applications in delivery of drug molecules, improving the targated delivery of therapeutic agents, the potential of nanomedicine, development of novel and more effective diagnostic and screening techniques to extend the limits of molecular diagnostics and challenges in synthesizing nanoparticle platforms for delivering various drugs. Keywords: Drug delivery, microbes, liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles, dendrimers.
Use of the Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time for Heparin Monitoring (2001)

The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the relationship between heparin concentration and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) results, define a heparin concentration-derived therapeutic range for each aPTT instrument, compare aPTT- and heparin concentration-guided dosage adjustment decisions, and compare laboratory- and bedside aPTT-guided decisions. In phase 1, 102 blood samples were analyzed for bedside and laboratory aPTTs and heparin concentration (used to establish aPTT therapeutic range). In phase 2, 100 samples were analyzed in the same manner. Correlations for aPTT compared with heparin ranged from 0.36 to 0.82. Dosage adjustment decisions guided by the aPTT agreed with those based on heparin concentration 63% to 80% of the time. Laboratory and bedside aPTT dosage adjustment decisions agreed 59% to 68% of the time. The correlation of aPTT with heparin concentration and agreement between aPTT- and heparin-guided decisions vary with the aPTT instrument. Decisions guided by laboratory aPTT results often disagree with decisions guided by bedside aPTT results.
Optimal Machine Learning Algorithms for Cyber Threat Detection (2018)

With the exponential hike in cyber threats, organizations are now striving for better data mining techniques in order to analyze security logs received from their IT infrastructures to ensure effective and automated cyber threat detection. Machine Learning (ML) based analytics for security machine data is the next emerging trend in cyber security, aimed at mining security data to uncover advanced targeted cyber threats actors and minimizing the operational overheads of maintaining static correlation rules. However, selection of optimal machine learning algorithm for security log analytics still remains an impeding factor against the success of data science in cyber security due to the risk of large number of false-positive detections, especially in the case of large-scale or global Security Operations Center (SOC) environments. This fact brings a dire need for an efficient machine learning based cyber threat detection model, capable of minimizing the false detection rates. In this paper, we are proposing optimal machine learning algorithms with their implementation framework based on analytical and empirical evaluations of gathered results, while using various prediction, classification and forecasting algorithms.
Institutional researchers as change agents (2009)

Abstract The future challenge and opportunity for institutional researchers is serving as change agents. This chapter offers suggestions for how institutional researchers can become change agents and issues calls to action from institutional research professional associations, graduate programs, and managers and practitioners.
Noncontact vibration measurements on compressor rotor blades (2000)

In turbine engine development, rotor blade vibration measurements are made to ensure the blades are sufficiently durable in later service. These measurements are conventionally taken using strain gauges or the frequency modulated grid.
Metal-DNA Chemistry (1989)

The use of transition metal complexes as tools for molecular biology is reviewed. Two basic strategies are detailed: the design and synthesis of metal complexes that recognize, bind to, and cleave DNA, and the use of a metal complex [iron(II) EDTA] that cleaves DNA non-specifically through generation of free hydroxyl radical. Application of the latter strategy to the determination of the helical periodicity of viral promoter DNA, and structural details of bent DNA from a trypanosomatid parasite, are presented.
Motivating the Academically Unmotivated: A Critical Issue for the 21st Century (2000)

Interests and goals have been identified as two important motivational variables that impact individuals' academic performances, yet little is known about how best to utilize these variables to enhance childrens' learning. We first review recent developments in the two areas and then examine the connection between interests and goals. We argue that the polarization of situational and individual interest, extrinsic and intrinsic motivation, and performance and mastery goals must be reconsidered. In addition, although we acknowledge the positive effects of individual interest, intrinsic motivation, and the adoption of mastery goals, we urge educators and researchers to recognize the potential additional benefits of externally triggered situational interest, extrinsic motivation, and performance goals. Only by dealing with the multidimensional nature of motivational forces will we be able to help our academically unmotivated children.
Albumin-adjusted calcium is not suitable for diagnosis of hyper- and hypocalcemia in the critically ill (2003)

Albumin-adjusted calcium cannot be used in an intensive care setting to monitor reliably the calcium levels in critically ill patients and should be replaced by measurement of ionized calcium.
Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Antibodies against Asialoglycoprotein Receptor, Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase 1 and Pan-Cytokeratin (2014)

Our anti-ASGPR antibody could be used for specific and efficient HCC CTC enrichment, and anti-P-CK combined with anti-CPS1 antibodies is superior to identification with one antibody alone in the sensitivity for HCC CTC detection.
A Gallium-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization/Friedel−Crafts Tandem (2010)

Under noble (Au, Pt, Ru) and group 13 (Ga, In) metals catalysis, 1,6-arenynes rearrange to give 1,2-dihydronaphthalenes in a high yielding, regiocontrolled fashion. When the reaction is carried out in the presence of electron-rich arenes (anisole, phenol, indole derivatives), Friedel-Crafts addition may follow the cycloisomerization step. Only GaX(3) salts proved able to catalyze these two C-C bond formation events. This specificity of gallium has been exploited for the synthesis of valuable polycyclic compounds that would be very difficult to prepare otherwise. For instance, tetrahydroisoquinolines and tetrahydrobenzoazepines have been obtained by selective 6-exo-dig or 7-endo-dig cyclization of N-tethered 1,6-arenynes. DFT calculations were carried out to shed light on the mechanism and provide a rationale for this regiodivergency. Computations also reveal the fundamental role of the tether in the stabilization of carbocationic species. Differential reactivities of other types of substrates in gallium- and gold-catalyzed cascades are also exposed, showing that the two approaches are complementary. In particular, bimolecular Friedel-Crafts additions are facilitated under gallium catalysis.
Hop count independent throughput realization by a new wireless multihop relay (2005)

The paper proposes a new packet relay method in wireless multihop networks. Packets are intermittently transmitted by a source node and each relaying node forwards a relaying packet immediately after it is received. Frequency reuse space attained by this method can be proportional to the given transmit period, and if the transmit period is adequately chosen, interference between adjoining nodes in transmission is removed, and hence packets can be relayed without collisions. Throughput gained by this intermittent periodic transmission becomes constant, independent of hop counts. In order to enable the intermittent periodic transmission for nodes randomly placed in two dimensions, a route formation criterion, called spiral routing, is proposed. Intermittent periodic transmission with spiral routing achieves higher throughput than continuous packet transmission with minimum path loss routing, while it needs neither synchronization nor adaptive frame size controls.
ACL: An Amazing Story (2006)

When one stops to contemplate and consider the phenomena of the Association of Christian Librarians as it celebrates the 50th year of its existence, it is nothing short of amazing! In the beginning there was a tiny band of five volunteers with a vision and passion for sharing Christian fellowship, providing access to evangelical journal literature, publishing a professional journal, and facilitating professional development amongst evangelical librarians from institutions of higher education.They had no idea what God would do with their vision, passion and hard work. No one can doubt that God has done far more than they could ever imagine or guess or request in their wildest dreams! (Eph. 3:20,The Message).
Design and Control Methodology of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2009)

This paper systematically discusses the design and control methodologies of a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). Design methodology is focused on battery energy and power capacity design. Two kinds of typical batteries, namely, NiMH and Li-ion, are discussed. Control strategies focus on all electric range and charge depletion range operations. In addition, a constrained engine on and off control strategy is discussed for charge-sustained operation. Simulation has been performed for an example passenger car. The simulation results indicate that a significant amount of fuel can be displaced by electric energy in typical urban driving.