gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shedding of the immunodominant P20 surface antigen of Eimeria bovis sporozoites (1989)

P20 is an immunodominant surface antigen of Eimeria bovis sporozoites. As parasites underwent merogony within cultured bovine monocytes and Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells, P20 appeared to be shed gradually by meronts and was absent in type 1 and 2 first-generation merozoites. Meronts of E. bovis appeared to shed P20 into the parasitophorous vacuole of bovine monocytes, whereas MDBK cells evidently released P20 into the culture medium or destroyed its antigenic determinant.
Observation of optical signatures of materials (1982)

A new technique for the study of surfaces is described, whereby materials with different optical properties may be identified from characteristic responses, and which may be developed to give measurements of the optical properties. The technique is similar to one already used in acoustic microscopy.
A systems architecture for ubiquitous video (2005)

Realityflythrough is a telepresence/tele-reality system that works in the dynamic, uncalibrated environments typically associated with ubiquitous computing. By harnessing networked mobile video cameras, it allows a user to remotely and immersively explore a physical space. RealityFlythrough creates the illusion of complete live camera coverage in a physical environment. This paper describes the architecture of RealityFlythrough, and evaluates it along three dimensions: (1) its support of the abstractions for infinite camera coverage, (2) its scalability, and (3) its robustness to changing user requirements.
Benzylic Oxidation Catalyzed by Dirhodium(II,III) Caprolactamate (2005)

[reaction: see text] Dirhodium caprolactamate [Rh2(cap)4] is an effective catalyst for benzylic oxidation with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) under mild conditions. Sodium bicarbonate is the optimal base additive for substrate conversion. Benzylic carbonyl compounds are readily obtained, and a formal synthesis of palmarumycin CP2 using this methodology is described.
Adjuvant Effect of Amorphous Silica on the Immune Response to Various Antigens in Guinea Pigs (1977)

The adjuvant effect of a subcutaneously injected amorphous silica (Aerosil) to various antigens was studied in guinea pigs. It was demonstrated that silica is able to enhance the humoral immune response to particulate and soluble antigens widely differing in molecular weight and that, in the system employed, adsorption of antigen on silica particles is not absolutely required for its adjuvanticity.
Effect of vitamin A deficiency on the early response to experimental Pseudomonas keratitis. (1996)

Vitamin A deficiency alters the response of the cornea to a P. aeruginosa infection during the first 24 hours. The alterations observed are probably due to multiple factors: an insufficient tear film for bacterial clearance and migration of neutrophils, epithelial keratinization, alterations in corneal wound healing, and changes in polymorphonuclear function.
Oracle Solaris Cluster Essentials (2010)

Thousands of IT organizations have adopted clustering to improve the availability of mission-critical software services. Today, with the rapid growth of cloud computing environments, clustering is even more crucial. Oracle Solaris Cluster Essentials is a comprehensive, authoritative guide to the industrys most stable, robust clustering platform: Oracle Solaris Cluster. This book covers both Oracle Solaris Cluster 3.2 and Oracle Solaris Cluster Geographic Edition in thorough detail, offering start-to-finish lifecycle guidance for planning, implementation, management, and troubleshooting. Written by Oracle Solaris Cluster expert Tim Read, this book covers both high availability and disaster recovery features, and offers in-depth guidance for both Oracle and non-Oracle database environments. It also presents several example implementations that can be used to quickly construct effective proofs-of-concept. Whether youre new to clustering or upgrading from older solutions, this book brings together all the information youll need to maximize the value, reliability, and performance of any Oracle Solaris Cluster environment. Youll learn how to Understand Oracle Solaris Clusters product features and architecture, and their implications for design and performanceEstablish requirements and design clustered systems that meet themMaster best practices for integrating clustering with virtualization technologiesImplement proven disaster recovery planning techniquesEfficiently maintain Oracle Solaris Cluster environments Part of the Oracle Solaris System Administration Series, Oracle Solaris Cluster Essentials combines a complete technology introduction and hands-on guide for every architect, administrator, and IT manager responsible for high availability and business continuity.
Development of a delayed outward-rectifying K+ conductance in cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages. (1984)

Patch clamp techniques were used to study ionic currents in cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages. Whole-cell voltage clamp studies of cells 1-5 hr after isolation showed only a high-resistance linear membrane. After 1 day in culture, 82 of 85 cells studied had developed a voltage- and time-dependent potassium (K+) conductance similar to the delayed outward rectifier in nerve and muscle cells. The current activated when the membrane was depolarized above -50 mV. The sigmoidally rising current rose to a peak at a rate that increased with depolarization. Inactivation proceeded exponentially with a time constant of approximately equal to 450 ms. Recovery from inactivation was slow (tau = 12 s). The reversal potentials for varying extracellular K+ concentrations followed the Nernst predictions for a K+ -specific channel. The conductance was blocked by extracellular 4-aminopyridine and by intracellular tetraethylammonium chloride, barium, and cesium. Single-channel K+ currents comprising this net current had a conductance of 16 pS, exhibited bursting behavior, and inactivated with time. No inward currents were ever detected in macrophages cultivated for up to 4 days. Short-term exposure to chemoattractant and transmitter agents failed to activate an inward current. Macrophages may change their membrane electrophysiological properties depending on their state of functional activation. We postulate that the K+ conductance develops prior to depolarizing conductances involved in the macrophage's immunological functions.
Transmission line computer-aided design and drafting (1989)

A power transmission line computer-aided design and drafting program is summarized. The program is a sophisticated, user-friendly software package developed for the IBM 286/386 desktop computers and compatibles. The package is designed to aid engineers, designers, and drafters in producing plans and profiles of overhead transmission lines. The interface approach is based on pull-down/pop-up menus, which allow the user to explore the capabilities of the program's command structure with little need to refer to the user's guide. Basic input consists of information regarding terrain, line costs, tower criteria, and line-design criteria. Output from the program's optimized or manually designed line can be viewed on the screen or sent to a printer, plotter, printer/plotter, or to a file. This includes both drawings and reports. A separate report for rerating or upgrading studies of an existing line is provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Opposite effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha on the sphingomyelin- ceramide pathway in two myeloid leukemia cell lines: role of transverse sphingomyelin distribution in the plasma membrane (1996)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) mediates proliferation, functional activation, and apoptotic cell death depending on the target cell type. Although sphingomyelin (SPM) hydrolysis and ceramide generation may function as an important mediator in TNF alpha signaling, the molecular mechanisms of the signaling pathway(s) are still not well understood. The aim of the present study is to compare the effect of TNF alpha on SPM metabolism and cell growth in two myeloid leukemic cell lines (U937 and KG1a) that differ in their sensitivity to TNF alpha. Our results show that TNF alpha induced apoptosis in U937 but not in KG1a cells. TNF alpha triggered in KG1a cells neither SPM hydrolysis nor ceramide generation, but induced SPM synthesis and ceramide breakdown as well as dose-dependent cell proliferation. In contrast, TNF alpha induced in U937 SPM hydrolysis and ceramide generation as well as dose-dependent cell death. Synthetic cell permeant ceramide, as well as natural ceramide, generated by treatment with bacterial sphingomyelinase (SPMase), all induced apoptosis in both U937 and KG1a cells. These findings indicate that the SPM-ceramide pathway is altered in KG1a cells upstream of the ceramide generation. Analysis of the transverse distribution of SPM in the plasma membrane showed that the SPM pool involved in cell signaling (inner leaflet) was markedly reduced in KG1a cells; it is 7-fold lower than that found in the inner leaflet of U937 cells. Therefore, our study strongly suggests that the different responses induced by TNF alpha in myeloid cells are dependent on the SPM plasma membrane transverse asymmetry.
CXCR2 Blockade Impairs Angiotensin II–Induced CC Chemokine Synthesis and Mononuclear Leukocyte Infiltration (2007)

Mononuclear leukocyte recruitment induced by Ang-II is, surprisingly, largely mediated by the CXC chemokines which appear to induce the release of CC chemokines. Therefore, CXC chemokine receptor antagonists may help to prevent mononuclear cell infiltration and the progression of the atherogenic process.
Measuring stiffness can define healing of tibial fractures (1994)

We measured fracture stiffness in 212 patients with tibial fractures treated by external fixation. In the first 117 patients (group 1) the decision to remove the fixator and allow independent weight-bearing was made on clinical grounds. In the other 95 patients (group 2) the frames were removed when the fracture stiffness had reached 15 Nm/degree. In group 1 there were eight refractures and in group 2 there was none (p = 0.02, Fisher's exact test). The time to independent weight-bearing was longer in group 1 (median 24 weeks) than in group 2 (21.7 weeks, p = 0.02). The greater precision of our objective measurement was associated with a reduction in refracture rate and in the time taken to achieve independent weight-bearing. We consider that a stiffness of 15 Nm/degree in the sagittal plane provides a useful definition of union of tibial fractures.
Termiticidal activity of boron dusts (Isoptera, Rhinotermitidae) (1990)

Abstract Mortality of Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) workers was evaluated 1, 2, 4, and 8 days after exposure to boron dusts. Mortality was most rapid after exposure to barium metaborate (Busan 11‐M1), followed by boric acid. Exposure to either of these two dusts resulted in 100 % mortality within 8 days. Neither sodium borate (borax) nor zinc borate elicited significant mortality, and increasing the exposure period from 1 to 10 minutes had no effect on termite mortality. In assays simulating field conditions, treatment of 10 % of the termite population with boric acid or barium metaborate dusts elicited high mortality. Mortality was reduced, although still significant, when 5 % of the population was treated. Field collection of subterranean termites in traps, treatment of captured termites with an insecticidal dust, and subsequent release back into the colony may be an effective method of control, although these results indicate that a relatively large proportion of the colony would have to be exposed to boric acid or barium metaborate dusts. Zusammenfassung Termitizide Aktivität von Borpulver (Isoptera, Rhinotermitidae) Die Sterblichkeit von Arbeitern der Termitenart Reticulitermes flavipes wurde 1, 2, 4 und 8 Tage nach Behandlung mit Borpulver gemessen. Die besten Ergebnisse wurden mit Bariummetaborat (Busan 11‐M1) und Borsäure erzielt. Behandlung mit beiden Produkten führte nach 8 Tagen zum Tod der Insekten. Weder Natriumborat (Borax) noch Zinkborat riefen signifikante Sterblichkeit hervor. Eine 1 bis 10 Minuten dauernde Behandlung mit diesen beiden Substanzen führte nicht zum Tod der Insekten. Versuche, die Freilandbedingungen simulierten, ergaben eine hohe Sterblichkeit, wenn 10% einer Termitenpopulation mit Borsäure oder Bariummetaborat‐Pulver behandelt wurden. Wurden nur 5 % der Population behandelt, so war die Mortalität zwar geringer, aber immer noch signifikant. Die Behandlung von Termiten, welche im Freiland mit Fallen gefangen wurden, mit insektizidem Pulver könnte eine wirksame Kontrolle, besonders nach Freilassung der Insekten, darstellen. Andererseits zeigen diese Versuche aber auch, daß ein relativ großer Anteil der Kolonie mit Borsäure oder Bariummetaborat behandelt werden müßte.
Prospecting the Proteome: Identification of Naturally Occurring Binding Motifs for Biarsenical Probes (2007)

Don't be too rigid. Fluorescent biarsenical probes function by binding to peptide tags genetically engineered into a protein under study. We have found an improved, less rigid peptide tag to bind FlAsH and other xanthene-based biarsenicals.
Attaching Electronically Active Oligoanilines to Silicon Surfaces (2006)

Diazonium salt-functionalized oligoanilines have been synthesized and assembled on hydride passivated silicon surfaces for subsequent incorporation into hybrid molecule−silicon device architectures. The targeted oligoanilines were synthesized using Buchwald/Hartwig Pd-catalyzed coupling reactions. A methodology using N-tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) protecting groups was essential to prevent N-nitroso formation during the diazotization step and to prevent rapid air oxidation and decomposition of the products. The molecules were assembled on silicon surfaces to form monolayer films, and thermal removal of the Boc protecting groups was achieved by heating the films to 215 °C for 4 h under argon. Single-wavelength ellipsometry verified the desired monolayer formation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed the loss of the Boc groups and formation of the requisite oligoaniline monolayers. Assembly of 4 in a Molepore electronic test bed device followed by thermalization and retesting indicated that the current was doubled and a larger hysteresis was obtained after removal of the Boc protecting groups, thus underscoring the efficacy of this two-step assembly process. This study provides a route to interface the highly desirable electronically switching oligoanilines to the surface of highest relevance in the electronics industry, namely silicon, via the sequential Boc-based syntheses, diazonium assembly and final film thermolysis.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF GAS-LIQUID CYLINDRICAL CYCLONE COMPACT SEPARATORS FOR THREE-PHASE FLOW (2003)

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has awarded a five-year (1997-2002) grant (Mohan and Shoham, DE-FG26-97BC15024, 1997) to The University of Tulsa, to develop compact multiphase separation components for 3-phase flow. The research activities of this project have been conducted through cost sharing by the member companies of the Tulsa University Separation Technology Projects (TUSTP) research consortium and the Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology (OCAST). As part of this project, several individual compact separation components have been developed for onshore and offshore applications. These include gas-liquid cylindrical cyclones (GLCC{copyright}), liquid-liquid cylindrical cyclones (LLCC{copyright}), and the gas-liquid-liquid cylindrical cyclones (GLLCC{copyright}). A detailed study has also been completed for the liquid-liquid hydrocyclones (LLHC). Appropriate control strategies have been developed for proper operation of the GLCC{copyright} and LLCC{copyright}. Testing of GLCC{copyright} at high pressure and real crude conditions for field applications is also completed. Limited studies have been conducted on flow conditioning devices to be used upstream of the compact separators for performance improvement. This report presents a brief overview of the activities and tasks accomplished during the 5-year project period, October 1, 1997-March 31, 2003 (including the no-cost extended period of 6 months). An executive summary is presented initially followed by the tasks of the 5-year budget periods. Then, detailed description of the experimental and modeling investigations are presented. Subsequently, the technical and scientific results of the activities of this project period are presented with some discussions. The findings of this investigation are summarized in the ''Conclusions'' section, followed by relevant references. The publications resulting from this study in the form of MS Theses, Ph.D. Dissertation, Journal Papers and Conference Presentations are provided at the end of this report.
High efficiency CIGSe solar cells by combinatorially sputtered Cu(In,Ga) followed by selenization (2012)

Cu(In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> ,Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> )Se <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (CIGSe) based solar cells were fabricated using a sulfur-free sequential process. Combinatorial sputtering of Cu, In, and Ga results in a broad range in Cu/(In+Ga), Ga/(In+Ga), and thickness within one sample, allowing an accelerated learning curve to form high quality CIGSe by selenization. A high Ga content at the CIGSe surface allows for high efficiency and V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> . The structural and optoelectronic properties of the absorber were characterized by SIMS, XRF, SEM, XRD and PL. EQE results confirmed a high band gap (~1.12eV) of the absorber surface. V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> of 692mV was achieved with best cell efficiency of 17.7%.
Determining Hydrodynamic Force on Accelerating Plate in Fluid with Free Surface (1989)

An approximate solution for the hydrodynamic force exerted on a moving rigid vertical plate in an incompressible inviscid fluid is derived when the plate is undergoing long‐period motion. The first‐order solution for the velocity distribution is used to solve the equation of conservation of momentum locally on the plate and to derive the second‐order term of the pressure distribution. The hydrodynamic force is derived after integrating the pressure distribution. The lowest order and the second order of the finite‐amplitude solution is shown to agree with the linear theory and with the nonlinear/dispersive theory, respectively. In certain cases, this theory allows the calculation of the force from the plate motion directly. The theory is useful in calculations of wave generation, and it may be useful in calculations of the hydrodynamic forces exerted on dams during earthquakes.
Wavelets as chromatin texture descriptors for the automated identification of neoplastic nuclei (2000)

Chromatin distribution reflects the organization of the DNA of a nucleus and contains important cellular diagnostic and prognostic information. Feulgen staining of breast tissue enables the chromatin distribution of the nucleus to be visualized in the form of texture. Describing texture in an objective and quantitative way by means of a set of texture parameters, combined with the study of the relationship of such parameters to the pathobiological cell properties, is useful both for reduction of the subjectivity inherently coupled to visual observation and for more accurate prognosis or diagnosis. We have presented an automated classification scheme for the diagnosis and grading of invasive breast cancer. The input to this scheme was a digitized microscopical image, from which nuclei were segmented. Chromatin texture was described using a set of textural parameters that include first- and second-order statistics of the image grey levels. The more recently developed wavelet energy parameters were also included in our study. Classification was performed by a Knn-classifier, which is a versatile multivariate statistical classification technique. We investigated the role of the tissue preparation technique and found that parameters derived from cytospins were better texture descriptors than those from sections. A 100% correct classification was achieved in a patient diagnosis experiment and 82% in a nuclear grading experiment.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Monodispersed Octahedral Gold Nanocrystals with Five Different Size Ranges and Their Self-Assembled Structures (2008)

Here we report the hydrothermal synthesis of octahedral gold nanocrystals from an aqueous solution of HAuCl4, trisodium citrate, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant. By heating the mixture at 110 °C for 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h, gold octahedra with approximate average sizes of 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 nm can be obtained. The percent yield of octahedral nanocrystals is more than 90% for all the samples. Products formed at shorter reaction times were also examined. Structural characterization confirmed that the octahedra are bounded by entirely {111} faces. As particle size increases, the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption band red-shifts from 543 to 635 nm. These monodisperse gold octahedra can spontaneously self-assemble into long-range ordered packing structures upon water evaporation. Three types of self-assembled structures with faces, edges, or corners of the octahedra contacting the substrates have been identified. Particle size can affect the type of packing structure they adopt. The detailed packing arrangements are described. Significant red-shifted SPR coupling absorption bands in the near-infrared region are observed as a result of the formation of these assembled structures. These gold octahedra have been shown to serve as effective surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates using thiophenol as the test molecule.
Activity of Ceftolozane-Tazobactam against a Broad Spectrum of Recent Clinical Anaerobic Isolates (2013)

We evaluated in vitro activity of ceftolozane-tazobactam (TOL-TAZ), formerly CXA-201, against recent clinical anaerobic isolates with emphasis on the Bacteroides fragilis group. Ceftolozane-tazobactam showed good activity against B. fragilis species and intermediate to limited activity against other species of Bacteroides. Ceftolozane-tazobactam showed very good activity against Prevotella spp., Fusobacterium spp., and Propionibacterium spp., varying activities against Gram-positive cocci, and limited activity against Clostridium spp.