gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Homology between the primary structures of the major bovine β‐crystallin chains (1984)

Partial amino acid sequences of six major subunits of bovine beta-crystallin have been determined by automatic liquid-phase Edman degradation and the dansyl-Edman procedure, complemented by amino acid analyses of peptides. The results show that, including the previously established beta Bp sequence [H. P. C. Driessen et al. (1981) Eur. J. Biochem. 121, 83-91], there exist at least seven primary gene products in bovine beta-crystallin, which exhibit 40% or more sequence homology. Two of the gene products are completely identical except for the presence in one of them of 17 additional residues at the N terminus, possibly caused by differential splicing of the same primary RNA transcript. The rate of evolutionary change of the beta chains (4% sequence change per 100 X 10(6) years) is about equally slow as that of alpha-crystallin, and the gene duplications giving rise to the different chains must have occurred very early in vertebrate evolution. The beta chains can be divided into two groups, according to sequence homology and presence of deletions/insertions and C-terminal extension, on which basis a new, rational nomenclature for the beta subunits is introduced. The N-terminal extensions of all beta chains are very different in length and sequence, even between homologous beta chains in different species. Possible explanations for this finding are discussed.
Gynaecomastia (1991)

This paper reviews the development of excess breast tissue in the male. Gynaecomastia is a common problem and may have a physiological or pathological basis. It can be dealt with in most cases by reassurance or simple surgery.
Can quantum chemistry be performed on a small quantum computer (2013)

As quantum computing technology improves and quantum computers with a small but non-trivial number of N ≥ 100 qubits appear feasible in the near future the question of possible applications of small quantum computers gains importance. One frequently mentioned application is Feynman’s original proposal of simulating quantum systems, and in particular the electronic structure of molecules and materials. In this paper, we analyze the computational requirements for one of the standard algorithms to perform quantum chemistry on a quantum computer. We focus on the quantum resources required to find the ground state of a molecule twice as large as what current classical computers can solve exactly. We find that while such a problem requires about a ten-fold increase in the number of qubits over current technology, the required increase in the number of gates that can be coherently executed is many orders of magnitude larger. This suggests that for quantum computation to become useful for quantum chemistry problems, drastic algorithmic improvements will be needed.
Topological order and non-Abelian statistics in noncentrosymmetric<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:math>-wave superconductors (2008)

We demonstrate that in two-dimensional noncentrosymmetric $s$-wave superconductors under applied magnetic fields for a particular electron density, topological order emerges, and there exists a zero-energy Majorana fermion mode in a vortex core, which obeys non-Abelian statistics, in analogy with ${p}_{x}+i{p}_{y}$ superconductors, the Moore--Read Pfaffian quantum Hall state, and the gapped non-Abelian spin liquid phase of the Kitaev model.
Cross-Media Hashing with Neural Networks (2014)

Cross-media hashing, which conducts cross-media retrieval by embedding data from different modalities into a common low-dimensional hamming space, has attracted intensive attention in recent years. This is motivated by the facts a) the multi-modal data is widespread, e.g., the web images on Flickr are associated with tags, and b) hashing is an effective technique towards large-scale high-dimensional data processing, which is exactly the situation of cross-media retrieval. Inspired by recent advances in deep learning, we propose a cross-media hashing approach based on multi-modal neural networks. By restricting in the learning objective a) the hash codes for relevant cross-media data being similar, and b) the hash codes being discriminative for predicting the class labels, the learned Hamming space is expected to well capture the cross-media semantic relationships and to be semantically discriminative. The experiments on two real-world data sets show that our approach achieves superior cross-media retrieval performance compared with the state-of-the-art methods.
Combination of Low Concentration of (−)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) and Curcumin Strongly Suppresses the Growth of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Vitro and in Vivo through Causing Cell Cycle Arrest (2013)

(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and curcumin are two naturally derived agents that have been widely investigated worldwide. They exhibit their anti-tumor effects in many types of cancers. In the current study, the effect of the combination of the two agents on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells was investigated. The results revealed that at low concentrations, the combination of the EGCG and curcumin strongly enhanced cell cycle arrest. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the cells were arrested at G1 and S/G2 phases. Two main cell cycle related proteins cyclin D1 and cyclin B1 were significantly inhibited at the present of EGCG and curcumin. EdU (5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine) fluorescence staining showed that the DNA replication was significantly blocked. A clonal growth assay also confirmed a marked repression of cell growth. In a lung cancer xenograft node mice model, combination of EGCG and curcumin exhibited protective effect against weight loss due to tumor burden. Tumor growth was strongly repressed by the combination of the two agents, without causing any serious side-effect. Overall, these results strongly suggest that EGCG in combination with curcumin could be a candidate for chemoprevention agent of NSCLC.
Boron Esters as Tunable Anion Carriers for Non-Aqueous Batteries Electrochemistry (2010)

Compounds like LiF, Li(2)O, and Li(2)O(2) have considerable importance in batteries; the first two are ubiquitous in the protective SEI at the negative electrode, or the result of conversion reactions with fluorides and oxides. The latter, Li(2)O(2,) forms from oxygen reduction in the much vaunted Li/air batteries. Mastering their solubility in Li-based electrolytes is viewed as essential for further progress in battery safety, lifetime, or capacity. Aprotic solvents cannot provide the H-bonds necessary to their dissolution, and simple practical solutions have yet to materialize. Here we disclose a novel and large family of boron esters of general formula Y-C((CH(2)O)(Z(1)O)(Z(2)O))B whose Lewis acidity stems from geometrical constraint and can be tuned via electron affinity either by Y = CH(3) --> Y = NO(2) or Z(1,2) = CH(2) --> Z(1,2) = CO so as to partially or fully dissolve the above compounds both in battery solvent EC/DMC and in DMF. The extreme simplicity of synthesis and variability of these boron-based anion carriers, where the exchange rate is fast, are not only a valuable addition to coordination science but also a step forward to improve present battery systems.
Solaris 10 ZFS essentials (2010)

The ZFS file system offers a dramatic advance in data management with an innovative approach to data integrity, tremendous performance improvements, and a welcome integration of file system and volume management capabilities. The centerpiece of this new architecture is the concept of a virtual storage pool, which decouples the file system from physical storage in the same way that virtual memory abstracts the address space from physical memory, allowing for much more efficient use of storage devices. In ZFS, space is shared dynamically between multiple file systems from a single storage pool and is parceled out from the pool as file systems request it. Physical storage can therefore be added to storage pools dynamically, without interrupting services. This provides new levels of flexibility, availability, and performance. Because ZFS is a 128-bit file system, its theoretical limits are truly mind-boggling2128 bytes of storage and 264 for everything else, including file systems, snapshots, directory entries, devices, and more. Solaris 10 ZFS Essentials is the perfect guide for learning how to deploy and manage ZFS file systems. If you are new to Solaris or are using ZFS for the first time, you will find it very easy to get ZFS up and running on your home system or your business IT infrastructure by following the simple instructions in this book. Then you too will understand all the benefits ZFS offers: Rock-solid data integrity No silent data corruptionever Mind-boggling scalability Breathtaking speed Near-zero administration Solaris 10 ZFS Essentials is part of the Solaris System Administration Series and is intended for use as a full introduction and hands-on guide to Solaris ZFS.
Tuning large scale deduplication with reduced effort (2013)

Deduplication is the task of identifying which objects are potentially the same in a data repository. It usually demands user intervention in several steps of the process, mainly to identify some pairs representing matchings and non-matchings. This information is then used to help in identifying other potentially duplicated records. When deduplication is applied to very large datasets, the performance and matching quality depends on expert users to configure the most important steps of the process (e.g., blocking and classification). In this paper, we propose a new framework called FS-Dedup able to help tuning the deduplication process on large datasets with a reduced effort from the user, who is only required to label a small, automatically selected, subset of pairs. FS-Dedup exploits Signature-Based Deduplication (Sig-Dedup) algorithms in its deduplication core. Sig-Dedup is characterized by high efficiency and scalability in large datasets but requires an expert user to tune several parameters. FS-Dedup helps in solving this drawback by providing a framework that does not demand specialized user knowledge about the dataset or thresholds to produce high effectiveness. Our evaluation over large real and synthetic datasets (containing millions of records) shows that FS-Dedup is able to reach or even surpass the maximal matching quality obtained by Sig-Dedup techniques with a reduced manual effort from the user.
Consciousness: Conscious, Subjective Experience (1988)

Consciousness as a neuroscientific concept has been loosely employed to encompass several different meanings or aspects of cerebral function in human and nonhuman animals. The term is often applied to states of responsiveness to the environment—being conscious or in a coma, awake or asleep, and being alert or aroused within the waking state. These states can be described behaviorally by observing the human or animal. Here we restrict ourselves to the meaning of consciousness as one of subjective awareness and experience, whether it be sensory experiences of our environment, external and internal, or subjective experiences of our feelings and thoughts, or simply awareness of our own existing self and presence in the world. Our own subjective inner life, including sensory experiences, feelings, thoughts, volitional choices, and decisions, is what really matters to us as human beings. And it is the cerebral, neuronal basis of our subjective experiences that is at issue in the problem of the mind-brain relationship.KeywordsSubjective ExperienceSensory ExperienceConscious ExperienceNonhuman AnimalPostcentral GyrusThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
DOA estimation in MIMO radar based on coherent signal-subspace method [signal read signal] (2011)

MIMO radar in this paper uses sparse-array to transmit the FMCW signals of multiple carrier frequencies, and an array to receive the echoes. Due to transmit signals of multiple carrier frequencies, the Doppler frequency of the received signals after separated is not in a Doppler cell, and then the traditional supper-resolution algorithms work ineffectively, the parameters of the target can't be obtained. One method is presented in this paper. Firstly the data of different frequency is transformed into the data of the same frequency using focusing transformation, and then the spatial spectrum estimation algorithms are applied. The simulation results indicate the validity of the methods presented in this paper.
Long-Term Results of Fat Transplantation (1994)

Nine cases of idiopathic constitutional subcutaneous fat atrophy in the cheek area during the years 1988-1992 were treated by the autologous transplantation of fat for purely aesthetic reasons. The fat graft suspension was obtained by the low-power aspiration technique with the use of a vacuum pump. The contour defects were initially overcorrected by approximately 50 percent more volume than required. The patients were followed up for 1.5 to 4.5 (mean, 3.5) years. Contrary to the experience of others, only the partial resorption of the transplanted fat occurred. This result was verified by six biopsy specimens obtained in the time range of 7 to 36 months after transplantation. The additional injections of fat were not necessary. Delicate tissue handling and the small total amount of fat transplanted by careful distribution in the recipient tissues are probably the factors responsible for the long-lasting improvement in these patients. As an experiment, suction of fat under -0.5 atm and -0.95 atm was performed in five patients undergoing abdominal liposuction. Aspiration under maximum negative pressure caused partial breakage and vaporization of the fatty tissue. The diameter of the fat cells in the remaining beads of fat was in all five cases mechanically distended and thus was larger than in the lipocytes extracted at -0.5 atm.
Emerging Infections: In Harm’s Way: Infections in Deployed American Military Forces (2006)

Hundreds of thousands of American service members have been deployed to Afghanistan and Iraq since 2001. With emphasis on the common infections and the chronic infections that may present or persist on their return to the United States, we review the data on deployment-associated infections. These infections include gastroenteritis; respiratory infection; war wound infection with antibiotic-resistant, gram-negative bacteria; Q fever; brucellosis; and parasitic infections, such as malaria and leishmaniasis.
Sequence of host-range determinants in the env gene of a full-length, infectious proviral clone of exogenous avian leukosis virus HPRS-103 confirms that it represents a new subgroup (designated J) (1995)

A genomic DNA library was constructed, in a bacteriophage lambda vector, from line 0 chick embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) infected with HPRS-103, an exogenous avian leukosis virus (ALV; envelope subgroup J) recently isolated from meat-type chickens. The library was screened at high stringency using a full length RAV-1 (subgroup A) proviral probe. From 10(6) plaques, two clones which hybridized strongly to the RAV-1 probe were isolated; one contained a full-length copy of the proviral genome of HPRS-103 and the other contained a copy lacking the 5'-long terminal repeat (LTR) and part of gag. The relative strength of hybridization of RAV-1 and HPRS-103 clones, to RAV-1 probes representing different parts of the proviral genome, indicated that the gag and pol genes of HPRS-103 share a high level of identity with those of RAV-1 but that the env gene and the LTRs are considerably less well conserved. Infectious virus was recovered from CEFs transfected with the full-length clone, as detected by ELISA. The recovered virus appeared to be identical to HPRS-103 by electron microscopy and by Southern blotting of proviral DNA. The recovered virus was shown to be of the same subgroup as HPRS-103 by serum neutralization and receptor interference assays. Sequence analysis of the env gene of HPRS-103 shows that it differs considerably from the env genes of other ALV subgroups, particularly in the host range determinants, consistent with the finding that HPRS-103 represents a new subgroup (designated J).
Highly Selective Asymmetric Hydrogenation Using a Three Hindered Quadrant Bisphosphine Rhodium Catalyst (2004)

A concise synthesis of both enantiomers of ligand 2 and rhodium complex 5 is presented. The crux of the synthesis is a chiral HPLC separation of the enantiomers of 4. Rhodium complex 5 possesses three hindered quadrants in the steric environment within which a substrate binds. Evidence is presented that this configuration leads to high enantioselectivity (>99% ee) for rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of alpha-acetamido dehydroamino acids, 6a-e. High enantioselectivities are also reported for the hydrogenation of a substrate precursor, 8, of pharmaceutical candidate, pregabalin. Advantages for large-scale hydrogenation of 8 using catalyst 5a vs Rh-Me-DuPhos are discussed.
Graphite Powder and Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Chemically Modified with 4‐Nitrobenzylamine (2005)

We demonstrate that graphite powder and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) can be derivatised by 4-nitrobenzylamine (4-NBA) simply by stirring the graphite powder or MWCNTs in a solution of acetonitrile containing 10 mM 4-NBA. We propose that 4-NBA partially intercalates at localised edge-plane or edge-plane-like defect sites and this hypothesis with a range of experimental data provided by electrochemistry in both aqueous and nonaqueous media, electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction.
Getting to grips with automated prepreg handling (2017)

Automated manufacturing of composite parts based on prepreg material is receiving increased interest with the rising use of composite materials for high-performance applications. The two main automation alternatives for prepreg layup, automated tape layup and fiber placement, are not cost-effective for all types of products, and manual labor is common for the manufacturing of complex parts in low manufacturing volumes. Alternatives to the two dominant automation solutions have been pursued, but so far these have had a limited impact in industrial applications. This paper presents four different solutions for automated layup of prepreg plies to flat laminates that can be formed in a subsequent forming process, which decrease the system complexity. The solutions target products where the layup of flat laminates today is done manually due to technical limitations or cost considerations. The layup solutions must manage challenges caused by material properties such as low material rigidity and tack, and be able to handle a high number of ply shapes. All four solutions are designed for prepreg that is covered with a stiff backing paper. The aim of the paper is to analyze and compare the four solutions. It can be concluded that the most versatile solution is a dual-arm robot equipped with simple end effectors. The dual-arm solution presents a possibility to control the pick-up and lay-down motions that make peeling motions possible, which is advantageous when picking material that has tacked to the pickup surface.
3D-interconnect approach for high end electronics (2012)

This paper presents 3D-interconnect technology to produce a variety of structures and packages suitable for high end electronics. 3D-interconnect can join different size multiple rigid structures for rigid-rigid constructions. For example, a high density circuit card and a low end printed wiring board were attached using 3D-interconnect to achieve functionality similar to a complex board. Various sub-composites, signal-power cores, were laminated with paste filed joining cores (0S/1P) or joining layers (0S/0P) to improve wiring density of a package. A 3D “Package-Interposer-Package” (PIP) integration method was used to attach multiple assembled substrates. An example of a structure consisting of seven stacked substrates attached using PIP approach is given. The PIP approach can provide for replacement, repair, or upgrade of individual substrates in the stack, beneficial for processing of complex, expensive product. In addition 3D-micro bump technology was developed as am alternative to solder based, pasteless 3D interconnects. A variety of materials and processes, including paste, Cu micro pillars, and solder-based micro-bumps were developed for 3D-interconnects. Overall, the present work describes an integrated approach to develop 3D interconnect constructions on various complex package, stacked package, or stacked die packaged configurations.
Growth of InGaN with high indium content on ZnO based sacrificial substrates (2007)

ZnO has been considered as a substrate for epitaxial growth of III-Nitrides due to its close lattice and stacking order match. This paper will cover growth of In<sub>x</sub>Ga<sub>1-x</sub>N epitaxial layer on lattice-matched ZnO substrates by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). InGaN of various indium compositions from different growth temperatures were well controlled in the InGaN films on ZnO substrates. High-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) confirmed the epitaxial growth of InGaN film on ZnO. The optical and structural characterization of InGaN epilayer on ZnO substrates was measured by room temperature photoluminescence, temperature-dependent photoluminescence, and field-emission secondary electron microscope. In addition, a transition layer of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> on ZnO substrates have been employed for InGaN growth to help prevent Zn and O diffusion into the epilayers as well as assist nitride epilayer growth. HRXRD results show a single crystal InGaN film has been successfully grown on annealed Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> coated ZnO substrates.
An Electron Microscope Study on Fine Metal Particles Prepared by Evaporation in Argon Gas at Low Pressure (1963)

Fine particles of various metals (Mg, Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, Cd, Sn, Au, Pb and Bi) were prepared by evaporation in argon gas at low pressure. The evaporation was carried out in an ordinary vacuum evaporation unit using a tungsten wire basket heater, after introducing the gas into the vacuum chamber. The average particle size was controlled by changing the pressure of the argon. Particle diameter varied from about one hundred Angstoms at 1 mm Hg to a few tenths of a micron at 30 mm Hg. It was proved by electron diffraction that the particles of all the metals (except Pb) were not seriously oxidized in the air. Electron micrographs showed well defined crystal habits for some metals, e.g. hexagonal plates for magnesium and cubes for chromium. Remarkable “necklace-like arrangements” were observed for particles of the ferromagnetic metals. Many electron micrographs and diffraction patterns are reproduced to show the size, shape, arrangement and state of oxidation of the particles.