gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tablet‐effervescence‐assisted dissolved carbon flotation for the extraction of four triazole fungicides in water by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (2016)

A pretreatment method named tablet-effervescence-assisted dissolved carbon flotation was introduced for the determination of four triazole fungicides in environmental water. In this method, the use of effervescent tablet composed of nontoxic sodium carbonate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate could generate CO<sub>2</sub> in situ to assist the dispersion of extraction solvent and to accelerate mass transfer of target analytes. In addition, the simple phase separation simply based on the rising of low-density organic solvent from the aqueous phase was applied rather than the application of apparatus, which demonstrated the potential for on-site extraction in the field. The experimental variables, including the composition of effervescent tablets, amount of effervescent tablets, types and volume of extraction solvent, were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the method showed good linearity for myclobutanil, tebuconazole, epoxiconazole, and difenoconazole in the range of 1-100 μg/L. The limits of detection and the limits of quantification were within the range of 0.15-0.26 and 0.49-0.86 μg/L, respectively. The obtained correlation coefficients varied from 0.997 to 0.999, and suitable enrichment factors were 422-589. The recoveries were 82.5-112.9% with relative standard deviations of 4.7-13.5%.
Area-efficient multipliers for digital signal processing applications (1996)

An area-efficient parallel sign-magnitude multiplier that receives two N-bit numbers and produces an N-bit product, referred to as a truncated multiplier, is described. The quantization of the product to N bits is achieved by omitting about half the adder cells needed to add the partial products but in order to keep the quantization error to a minimum, probabilistic biases are obtained and are then fed to the inputs of the retained adder cells. The truncated multiplier requires approximately 50% of the area of a standard parallel multiplier. The paper then shows that this design strategy can also be applied for the design of two's-complement multipliers. The paper concludes with the application of the truncated multiplier for the implementation of a digital filter and it is shown that the signal-to-noise ratio of the digital filter using a truncated multiplier is better than that using a standard multiplier.
iNOS Gene Expression Modulates Microvascular Responsiveness in Endotoxin-Challenged Mice (2000)

Septic shock is characterized by vasodilation and decreased responsiveness to vasoconstrictors. Recent studies suggest this results from nitric oxide (NO) overproduction after expression of the calcium-independent isoform of NO synthase (iNOS) in smooth muscle cells. However, direct evidence linking iNOS (NOS2) expression and decreased microvascular responsiveness after septic stimuli is lacking. In the present study, we determined the effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 20 mg/kg, IP) on smooth muscle contraction and endothelial relaxation in mesenteric resistance arteries from wild-type and iNOS knockout mice. Four hours after challenge with LPS or saline in vivo, concentration-dependent responses to norepinephrine (NE) and acetylcholine (NE+ACh) were measured in cannulated, pressurized vessels ex vivo. In vessels from wild-type mice, NE-induced contraction was markedly impaired after LPS, and pretreatment with the iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine (AG) partly restored the NE contraction. In contrast, NE contraction in microvessels from iNOS knockout mice was unaffected by LPS. ACh-induced relaxation was unaffected by LPS in vessels from either genotype. These data provide direct evidence that iNOS gene expression mediates the LPS-induced decrease in microvascular responsiveness to vasoconstrictors. Moreover, the observation that AG did not fully restore NE contraction after LPS, whereas iNOS gene deficiency did, suggests that iNOS expression plays a central role in the development of the NO-independent effect of LPS on microvascular responsiveness. Finally, our data indicate that LPS or iNOS expression has little effect on endothelium-dependent relaxation, and eNOS activity does not appear to play a role in the decreased smooth muscle responsiveness after LPS in this model. The full text of this article is available at http://www.circresaha.org.
Persistent Inhibition of Platelets During Continuous Nitroglycerin Therapy Despite Hemodynamic Tolerance (1997)

This study demonstrates the persistent inhibition of platelet function and platelet deposition on an injured arterial wall by continuous nitroglycerin therapy despite hemodynamic tolerance.
Performance implications of virtualizing multicore cluster machines (2008)

High performance computers are typified by cluster machines constructed from multicore nodes and using high performance interconnects like Infiniband. Virtualizing such 'capacity computing' platforms implies the shared use of not only the nodes and node cores, but also of the cluster interconnect (e.g., Infiniband). This paper presents a detailed study of the implications of sharing these resources, using the Xen hypervisor to virtualize platform nodes and exploiting Infiniband's native hardware support for its simultaneous use by multiple virtual machines. Measurements are conducted with multiple VMs deployed per node, using modern techniques for hypervisor bypass for high performance network access, and evaluating the implications of resource sharing with different patterns of application behavior. Results indicate that multiple applications can share the cluster's multicore nodes without undue effects on the performance of Infiniband access and use. Higher degrees of sharing are possible with communication-conscious VM placement and scheduling.
ACM SIGCHI international conference on advances in computer entertainment technology (2004)

ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology— ACE 2004 Dear Editor, As we know, the field of computer entertainment technology has aroused great interest recently amongst researchers and developers in both academic and industrial/business fields as it is duly recognized as showing high promise of bringing on exciting new forms of human computer interaction. Now deemed deserving of both serious academic research, as well as major industry and business uptake, techniques used in computer entertainment are also seen to translate into advances in research work ranging from industrial training, collaborative work, novel interfaces, novel multimedia, network computing and ubiquitous computing. Hence, in June 2004 there will be a conference entitled the ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology ACE 2004. The purpose of this conference is to bring together academic and industry researchers, as well as computer entertainment developers and practitioners, to address and advance the research and development issues related to computer entertainment. It will fulfill the need for a conference which satisfies the needs of both the academic researcher to have a formal and rigorous peer-review forum for publication, as well as the industry professional wanting to have updated information on topics which address hard research issues which are not possible to explore in the day-to-day commercial environment. Furthermore active demo, exhibition, and poster sessions will provide an exciting interchange between researchers and practitioners. ACM, will be publishing all accepted papers in the proceedings, and the conference is fully sponsored by ACM SIGCHI. A program committee comprising over 60 of the leading researchers in the field will be reviewing the submissions. To recognize outstanding research in the field, there will be various prizes and awards given for the most outstanding submissions. Furthermore, the top papers will be selected for revision and review for the leading publication ACM Computers in Entertainment Magazine. The following, non exclusive, topics are called for: Computer Entertainment and: Art and Media, Augmented / Mixed Reality, Avatars and Virtual Action, Evolutionary Platforms / Hardware, Graphics Techniques, Haptics, Interfaces, Military Training / Simulation Applications of Games, Mobile Entertainment, Mobile Phones, Narratives, Networking, New Genres, New Standards, Novel Hardware Devices, Physics / AI, Social Computing, Sound and Music. Prospective authors are now invited to submit Papers/Posters/Demos electronically via the conference website http://www.ace2004.org by 5th February 2004 Sincerely, Adrian David Cheok National University of Singapore
Kinected conference (2011)

The proliferation of broadband and high-speed Internet access has, in general, democratized the ability to commonly engage in videoconference. However, current video systems do not meet their full potential, as they are restricted to a simple display of unintelligent 2D pixels. In this paper we present a system for enhancing distance-based communication by augmenting the traditional video conferencing system with additional attributes beyond two-dimensional video. We explore how expanding a system's understanding of spatially calibrated depth and audio alongside a live video stream can generate semantically rich three-dimensional pixels containing information regarding their material properties and location. We discuss specific scenarios that explore features such as synthetic refocusing, gesture activated privacy, and spatiotemporal graphic augmentation.
SLAVE CLOTHING AND AFRICAN-AMERICAN CULTURE IN THE EIGHTEENTH AND NINETEENTH CENTURIES (1995)

L'A. etudie la maniere dont les esclaves afro-americains du 18 eme siecle testaient les limites du systeme non seulement en s'appropriant les articles de l'habillement de l'elite mais en combinant les elements du vetement du Blanc d'une maniere que l'elite blanche considerait souvent comme inappropriee. Il montre comment les esclaves du 19 eme siecle, impliques dans la manufacture des vetements d'esclaves, ont introduit une esthetique afro-americaine distincte. Les vetements hauts en couleur etaient exhibes les dimanches, aux mariages et au festival de Jonkonnu
Preparation of crystalline beta barium borate (β-BaB2O4) thin films by opposed-targets magnetron sputtering (1996)

Crystalline beta barium borate (β-BaB2O4) thin films have been successfully prepared in situ on several kinds of substrates by using opposed-targets magnetron sputtering. The crystallinity of these films is highly dependent on the deposition temperature. Crystalline films start to form at 500 °C and gradually become c-axis aligned as the temperature is increased. At 700 °C the film grown on sapphire substrates shows hundred-micrometer-sized domain structures with a single (006) x-ray diffraction peak normal to the film surface. For a linearly polarized fundamental beam incident along the surface normal, the second harmonic intensity exhibits a sixfold azimuthal pattern with a d22 second harmonic coefficient of 1.2 pm/V.
Holmium-YAG Laser Surgery on Experimental Vitreous Membranes (1991)

We used a pulsed holmium-YAG laser that emitted in the midinfrared (2.12 microns) to cut experimental vitreous membranes in rabbits via an intraocular fiberoptic delivery system. Thirty-five membranes were treated at distances of 0.5 to 3.8 mm from the retina. All of the membranes that were treated were transected or partially cut. In cases that were treated with the optical fiber encased in a retinal-shielding pick, membranes could be readily transected without retinal injury. Laser vitreous membrane cutting may offer the advantage of near-tractionless membrane segmentation. The combination of a moderately strong target tissue absorption and the ready availability of commercial optical fibers for transmission of 2.12-microns laser energy suggests that the holmium-YAG laser merits further investigation for this application.
Selectively deuterated and optically active cyclic ethers (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelectively deuterated and optically active cyclic ethersYuhsuke Kawakami, Tamio Asai, Kiyoshi Umeyama, and Yuya YamashitaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 18, 3581–3585Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00139a049https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00139a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2059Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Indian Agriculture in the Globalization Era: The Performance and Determinants (2007)

There is a general consent on the desirability of economic reforms in India, though the opinion is divided on sequencing, pace, implementation and impact. A continuous debate is taking place in this regard particularly in view of benefits and costs of globalization. The debate has become highly polarized, as there are two camps of scholars arguing in favour and against of economic reforms. In brief, the performance of Indian economy under the reforms as executed until now shows a mixed picture of notable achievements and failures. On the achievement side, increasing trade openness and inflows of FDI, stability in inflation and current account BOP, accretion of foreign exchange reserve, reduction of poverty and increasing economic growth are most important. On the failure side, growing fiscal deficit with revenue deficit, declining tax-GDP ratio, infrastructural bottlenecks and its regional variation, low human development and social sector expenditure, falling growth of agriculture and jobless growth, particularly, rural employment are mainly imperative. But it is to be noted that every thing may not be attributed to the reforms program only. Keeping in above view, present paper seeks to examine the performance of Indian agriculture and their causes and determinants thereof during the era of 1990s.
Quality management of pharmacology and safety pharmacology studies (2002)

Pharmacology has traditionally been excluded from the mandatory application of good laboratory practice (GLP) principles. Consensus has been reached through the process of the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH, Topic S7A) with regard to the definitions of the different types of pharmacology studies (ICH S7A): primary pharmacodynamic, secondary pharmacodynamic and safety pharmacology studies, and guidance on the quality standards (expectations for GLP conformity) for these study types have been provided. Primary pharmacodynamic studies are the only study types that are fully exempt from GLP requirements. Secondary pharmacodynamic and safety pharmacology studies are expected to be conducted to GLP quality standards -- preferably to full, formal GLP compliance, when results are used for human safety assessment. At the present time, regulatory authorities will most likely be prepared to exercise flexibility in their requirement for GLP compliance, however, if non-clinical studies used in human safety assessment are not formally in compliance with the principles of GLP, regulatory acceptance may not be guaranteed. Historically, the application of formal GLP standards in safety pharmacology studies appears to vary between test facilities, and a number of study components in safety pharmacology studies, e.g. ECG monitoring, may not always conform to formal GLP standards. Apparently, however, formal GLP standards for these study components can be implemented for a relatively low additional cost. Based on the guidance given in the ICH S7A guideline, it thus appears logical to recommend that test facilities and sponsors consider their organisation of safety pharmacology studies in view of sound study management and formal implementation of GLP, where needed. Organisation of study management should facilitate collaboration across scientific disciplines because a plethora of data, originating from basic pharmacodynamics, toxicology, kinetics, and metabolism, as well as from clinical investigations, are involved in a safety pharmacology assessment. Applying formal GLP standards to safety pharmacology studies, and, when indicated, to secondary pharmacodynamic studies, does not influence the scientific standards of studies. However, applying formal GLP standards will ensure the quality, reliability and integrity of studies, which reflect sound study management. It is important to encourage a positive attitude among researchers and academics towards these lines, whenever possible. GLP principles applied to the management of non-clinical safety studies are appropriate quality standards when studies are used in the context of protecting public health, and these quality standards are therefore obviously pivotal for regulatory acceptance of non-clinical safety studies in general, and of safety pharmacology studies in particular.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis for aflatoxin B1 (1977)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis (ELISA) permitted the detection of less than 10 pg of aflatoxin B1 per ml. The antitoxin was most specific for aflatoxins B1 and B2alpha, and least specific for aflatoxin G1.
Integrating Geophysical Data for Mapping the Contamination of Industrial Sites by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: A Geostatistical Approach (1996)

A case study is presented of building a map showing the probability that the concentration in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exceeds a critical threshold. This assessment is based on existing PAH sample data (direct information) and on an electrical resistivity survey (indirect information). Simulated annealing is used to build a model of the range of possible values for PAH concentrations and of the bivariate relationship between PAH concentrations and electrical resistivity. The geostatistical technique of simple indicator kriging is then used, together with the probabilistic model, to infer, at each node of a grid, the range of possible values which the PAH concentration can take. The risk map is then extracted for this characterization of the local uncertainty. The difference between this risk map and a traditional iso-concentration map is then discussed in terms of decision-making.
Identifying a Species-Specific Region of Yeast TFIIB In Vivo (1996)

The general transcription factor IIB (TFIIB) is required for RNA polymerase II transcription in eukaryotes. It provides a physical link between the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and the RNA polymerase and is a component previously suggested to respond to transcriptional activators in vitro. In this report, we compare the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and human forms of the protein in yeast cells to study their functional differences. We demonstrate that human TFIIB fails to functionally replace yeast TFIIB in yeast cells. By analyzing various human-yeast hybrid TFIIB molecules, we show that a 14-amino-acid region at the amino terminus of the first repeat of yeast TFIIB plays an important role in determining species specificity in vivo. In addition, we identify four amino acids in this region that are critical for an amphipathic helix unique to yeast TFIIB. By site-directed mutagenesis analyses we demonstrate that these four amino acids are important for yeast TFIIB's activity in vivo. Finally, we show that mutations in the species-specific region of yeast TFIIB can differentially affect the expression of genes activated by different activators in vivo. These results provide strong evidence suggesting that yeast TFIIB is involved in the process of transcriptional activation in living cells.
Molecular Phylogeny of the Salmonellae: Relationships among <i>Salmonella</i> Species and Subspecies Determined from Four Housekeeping Genes and Evidence of Lateral Gene Transfer Events (2008)

The salmonellae are a diverse group of bacteria within the family Enterobacteriaceae that includes two species, Salmonella enterica and Salmonella bongori. In order to characterize the phylogenetic relationships of the species and subspecies of Salmonella, we analyzed four housekeeping genes, gapA, phoP, mdh and recA, comprising 3,459 bp of nucleotide sequence data for each isolate sequenced. Sixty-one isolates representing the most common serotypes of the seven subspecies of Salmonella enterica and six isolates of Salmonella bongori were included in this study. We present a robust phylogeny of the Salmonella species and subspecies that clearly defines the lineages comprising diphasic and monophasic subspecies. Evidence of intersubspecies lateral gene transfer of the housekeeping gene recA, which has not previously been reported, was obtained.
Product decomposition strategy for optimization of supply chain planning (2018)

Optimization of large-scale supply chain planning models requires the application of decomposition strategies to reduce the computational expense. Two major options are to use either spatial or temporal Lagrangean decomposition. In this paper, to further reduce the computational expense a novel decomposition scheme by products is presented. The decomposition is based on a reformulation of knapsack constraints in the problem. The new approach allows for simultaneous decomposition by products and by time periods, enabling the generation of a large number of subproblems, that can be solved by using parallel computing. The case study shows that the proposed product decomposition exhibits similar performance as the temporal decomposition, and that selecting different orders of products and aggregating the linking constraints can improve the efficiency of the algorithm.