gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control of yeast glycogen synthase-2 by COOH-terminal phosphorylation. (1993)

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae expresses two isoforms of glycogen synthase, of which glycogen synthase-2 (GS-2) appears to be the most important determinant of glycogen accumulation (Farkas, I., Hardy, T. A., Goebl, M. G., and Roach, P. J. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 15602-15607). Partial proteolysis of purified yeast glycogen synthase activated the enzyme, mimicking the effects of dephosphorylation. The cleavage was localized to the COOH terminus of the molecule and trypsin treatment released 32P from enzyme labeled in vivo with 32P or in vitro by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. Similarly, when cells were labeled with 32P, no radioactivity was incorporated into a mutant form of GS-2 truncated at residue 643 while the wild type enzyme was phosphorylated at both Ser and Thr residues. The 9 Ser and Thr residues COOH-terminal to position 643 were mutated individually to Ala, and the GS-2 mutants were expressed from a low copy plasmid in yeast that lacked functional chromosomal copies of the two glycogen synthase genes. Mutations at Ser-650, Ser-654, and Thr-667 resulted in significant activation of yeast glycogen synthase and elevation in the level of accumulated glycogen as compared with wild type. Likewise, expression of the truncated GS-2 resulted in hyperactive enzyme and the overaccumulation of glycogen. None of the other Ser or Thr mutations substantially affected glycogen synthase activity and glycogen storage. We conclude that Ser-650, Ser-654, and Thr-667 are regulatory phosphorylation sites in vivo. However, in vitro, cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase modified Ser residue(s) COOH-terminal to position 659, and so the identity of the physiological GS-2 kinases is unclear. Yeast strains bearing glc7 and gac1 mutations are defective in genes encoding type 1 protein phosphatase components and are impaired in their ability to accumulate glycogen. Expression of the truncated GS-2 in these strains restored glycogen accumulation, as did the presence of GS-2 mutated at Ser-650, Ser-654, or Thr-667. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that type 1 phosphatase regulates GS-2 by controlling its phosphorylation state.
[Basic study on anti-bacterial urethral catheter. I. Development of a new anti-bacterial coating material for silicon catheters]. (2000)

In order to develop a new anti-bacterial urethral catheter, we studied anti-bacterial and anti-adherent coating material suitable for silicon catheters. Several aspects of various silver compounds were examined, including anti-bacterial activity, chemical property and toxicity. Among silver citrate, silver phosphate and silver oxide, which were found to have excellent anti-bacterial activities, silver citrate was regarded as the material of choice for anti-bacterial coating in terms of durable activity and biological safety. It was also found that several surfactants inhibited bacterial adherence to the surface of silicon catheters. Among them soybean lecithin exhibited excellent anti-adherent activity in a dose dependent manner. Finally, a mixture of silver citrate, soybean lecithin and liquid silicon at the ratio of 2:2:8 was regarded as an ideal anti-bacterial coating material for silicon catheters.
Isolated word endpoint detection using time-frequency variance kernels (2011)

A major challenge in developing endpoint detection systems is the presence of background noise. We have developed a hybrid method for performing endpoint detection which is based on spectrogram estimation using LPC and a detection process based on imaging operations on the spectrogram. High-variance regions in the spectrogram, captured by variance kernels, can be used to accurately determine the endpoints of speech. This hybrid approach to endpoint detection is robust to various types and levels of background noise. Compared with two other publicly-available methods, our approach performs favorably.
Distributed type of actuators by shape memory alloy and its application to underwater mobile robotic mechanism (2002)

The basic idea of a new type of actuator based on a shape memory alloy (SMA) and its application to underwater mobile robots are presented. The actuator consists of a multimode SMA, so that any shape can be produced as the synthesized sum of excited modes. Thus, the actuator shows the characteristics of distributed-parameter-type actuators with a specified number of modes. A flat-belt-type SMA is employed, and its bending characteristics are examined. A method of waveform synthesis is presented. Applying the proposed distributed actuators to the underwater mobile robot, a fish-fin-like mechanism is shown to obtain thrust forces in the water. The shape of the actuator was shown experimentally to be similar to the computed shape. As a result, the distributed actuator shows the possibility of application to distributed-parameter shape control.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nitric oxide inhibits neuronal nitric oxide synthase by interacting with the heme prosthetic group. Role of tetrahydrobiopterin in modulating the inhibitory action of nitric oxide. (1994)

The objective of this study was to elucidate the mechanism by which nitric oxide (NO) inhibits NO synthase. Previous studies revealed that NO inhibits unpurified preparations of NO synthase. In the present study, the mechanism by which NO inhibits purified neuronal NO synthase from rat cerebellum was examined. The rate of L-citrulline formation from L-arginine was non-linear despite the presence of excess substrate and cofactors and was further inhibited by 30% by 200 units/ml superoxide dismutase. In contrast, 30 microM oxyhemoglobin increased NO synthase activity by 2-fold and made the reaction rate linear. These observations were consistent with the hypothesis that enzymatically generated NO inhibits NO synthase activity. Exogenous NO (0.1-10 microM) (but not NO2, nitrite, or nitrate) also inhibited NO synthase, and enzyme inhibition was not competitive with L-arginine. NO synthase inhibition by NO and other heme ligands supports the view that heme is involved in the catalytic activity of NO synthase. Oxyhemoglobin prevented but could not reverse enzyme inhibition by NO. NO synthase inhibition by NO was markedly diminished and reversed, however, by tetrahydrobiopterin (50 microM) or a tetrahydrobiopterin-regenerating system, and the latter made the reaction rate linear. In contrast, NO synthase inhibition by NO was markedly enhanced by heme oxidants (10 microM methylene blue; 3 microM ferricyanide), and these oxidants directly inhibited NO synthase activity. These observations suggest that NO interacts with enzyme-bound ferric heme to inhibit NO synthase activity. In support of this view, NO inhibited enzyme activity in the absence of turnover, when the heme iron is in the ferric state, and this inhibition was reversed by tetrahydrobiopterin. Therefore, the oxidation state of heme iron appears to be one important determinant for the inhibitory action of NO, and tetrahydrobiopterin may increase NO synthase activity by diminishing the inhibitory action of NO.
Rapid prototyping using the selective sintering process (1994)

Examines the process of selective laser sintering [SLS] for rapid prototyping. Begins with a brief history of [SLS] then describes the main components of the SLS system, the build materials which are used and the actually process operating cycle by which models are produced. Looks at the 3‐D CAD data preparation and factors affecting the quality of the models. Concludes that selective laser sintering is a continually developing process and in particular much effort is being spent on the development of new materials for the models.
Enhanced Selectivities for the Hydroxyl-Directed Methanolysis of Esters Using the 2-Acyl-4-aminopyridine Class of Acyl Transfer Catalysts:  Ketones as Binding Sites (2000)

In this paper we describe the preparation of a series of 2-acyl-4-aminopyridines, and their use as catalysts for the hydroxyl-directed methanolysis of alpha-hydroxy esters in preference to alpha-methoxy esters. Hydroxyl-direction with these catalysts, which contain ketones at the 2-position of the pyridine, is achieved by reversible addition of the alcohol of the hydroxy ester to the ketone to provide the corresponding hemiketal. Their activity is compared to that of the previously described catalyst 2-formyl-4-pyrrolidinopyridine (FPP), which contains an aldehyde at the 2-position of the pyridine. The catalysts which contain ketones at the 2-position range in reactivity from 10 times slower to slightly faster than FPP, and certain of these are much more selective for the methanolysis of hydroxy esters than FPP. This increase in selectivity is ascribed to a decrease in the rate of the nondirected methanolysis reaction with the ketone-derived catalysts. The evidence suggests that the nondirected reaction does not proceed by an intermolecular general base mechanism, but rather via a nucleophilic catalysis mechanism in which the hydroxyl group of the hemiacetal formed upon addition of methanol to the aldehyde of FPP acts as the nucleophile. Since the hydroxyl group derived from a hemiketal is more hindered and less nucleophilic than that derived from a hemiacetal, the nondirected reaction is much slower for the catalysts containing ketones as binding sites.
Modeling and Synchronous Control of Dual Mechanically Coupled Linear Servo System (2014)

This paper presents a system modeling technique for a high-speed gantry-type machine tool driven by linear motors. One feed axis of the investigated machine tool is driven by the joint thrust from two parallel linear motors. These two parallel motors are coupled mechanically to form the Y-axis while another standalone motor fixed to a support forms the X-axis. The components in the X-axis, which is treated as the mechanical coupling, are carried by the slides of the Y-axis motors. This configuration is applied to improve the dynamic stiffness of the system and operation speed/acceleration. However, the precise synchronous control of the two parallel and coupled motors would be the major challenge. To overcome this challenge, a multivariable system identification method is developed in this paper. This method is used to construct an accurate system mathematical model for the target coupled system. A synchronous control scheme is then applied to the model obtained using the proposed technique. The performance of the system is experimentally verified with a high-speed S-curve motion profile. The results substantiate the constructed system model and demonstrate the effectiveness of the control scheme.
Optimisation of the Preparation and Isolation of 5-Amino-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic Acid Dichloride (1998)

A scaleable process for the chlorination of 5-amino-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid to the corresponding acid chloride, a building block for the synthesis of iodinated X-ray contrast agents, has been developed. Two dimeric byproducts have been isolated and assigned structures consistent with an amide and an anhydride. Hydrolysis of the N-sulfinyl intermediate and simultaneous crystallisation of the phthalic acid chloride have been optimised by applying fractional factorial design.
Improving resolution in MRI by interleaving data acquisition for increased digitisation rates (1991)

In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) the field of view in the frequency encoding direction, X, the number of pairs of complex data point acquired, N, the acquisition time AT and the gradient strength G are related by the equation, (G*X*AT)/N=constant, which also defines the digital resolution. To increase resolution at a particular field of view, along with either G, AT or both, must be increased. The acquisition time, however, is often constrained by other parameters, particularly the echo time TE, so the achievable resolution is usually limited by the maximum gradient strength available or by the rate (N/AT points per second) at which data must be digitised. In cases where the limiting factor is the digitisation rate, an interleaved acquisition technique can be used as described. >
Principles of survey research part 4 (2002)

This article discusses how to avoid biased questions in survey instruments, how to motivate people to complete instruments and how to evaluate instruments. In the context of survey evaluation, we discuss how to assess survey reliability i.e. how reproducible a survey's data is and survey validity i.e. how well a survey instrument measures what it sets out to measure.
Benzodiazepine receptor ligands. Synthesis and preliminary pharmacological evaluation of some 3-aryl-6-thioalkyl-, 3-aryl-6-alkylsulphinyl-, 3-aryl-6-alkylsulphonyl-, and 3-aryl-6-alkoxy-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazines. (1988)

A series of 3-aryl-6-alkoxy- and some 3-aryl-6-thioalkyl-, 3-aryl-6-alkylsulphinyl-, and 3-aryl-6-alkylsulphonyl-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazines were synthesised and tested for inhibition of the in vitro binding of 3H-Diazepam to benzodiazepine receptors in membranes isolated from rat brain synaptosomes. 6-Alkoxy-3-(4'-methoxy)phenyl-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazines were more active than or as active as diazepam in the binding assay (Ki nM) but unlike diazepam their binding to the benzodiazepine receptors was not enhanced by 4-aminobutyric acid. These compounds did not antagonize pentylenetetrazole induced convulsions and were inactive in modifying the conditioned behaviour of rats. Compound (II a) counteracted the muscle relaxant effects of diazepam (traction test). These results suggest that (II a) may be a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist.
Platform for Advanced Control and Estimation (PACE): Shell's and Yokogawa's Next Generation Advanced Process Control Technology (2015)

Every ten years or so, Shell has looked to refresh its Advanced Process Control (APC) technology. The last major technology upgrade occurred in 2003 when Shell along, with our APC alliance partner, Yokogawa, released SMOCPro (MPC) and RQEPro (quality estimation). In 2011, Shell and Yokogawa agreed to initiate the development of our next-generation APC technology. Brought to the market in 2015, the Platform for Advanced Control and Estimation (PACE) was built from the ground up, leveraging our long combined experience in APC.
A cross-layer adaptive channel selection mechanism for IEEE 802.11P suite (2015)

Recent advances in the automotive industry enabled us to build fast, reliable, and comfortable vehicles with lots of safety features. Also, roads are designed and made safer than ever before. However, traffic accidents remain one of the major causes of death. Intelligent transport systems are expected to reduce if not prevent accidents with interconnected vehicles and infrastructures. These vehicular ad hoc networks are highly dynamic and fragile. Although the standardization efforts are mature enough, the non-emergency/service channel selection mechanisms are not explicitly defined. In this paper, a novel cross-layer prediction-based algorithm is proposed to select the best possible service channel to decrease collisions beforehand. Theoretical analysis regarding the mean squared error prediction performance is established. It is shown that the proposed method outperforms the general Markovian-based prediction schemes under various traffic load scenarios.
Docking Houses (1965)

Docking Houses Get access J. Ss. J. Ss. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s3-VII, Issue 171, 8 April 1865, Page 289, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s3-VII.171.289-c Published: 08 April 1965
An investigation of the performance of various dynamic scheduling techniques (1992)

of a superscalar processor is the amount of hardware to allocate to the instruction scheduling mechanism. Dynamic scheduling provides, at the cost of (possibly substantial) additional hardware, the potential to improve upon a static schedule by incorporating run-time information in the scheduling decision. In this study we model several different scheduling techniques and machine configurations. We measure the performance of these models on seven integer and floating point benchmarks taken from the SPEC89 suite. We report the results of these measurements and their implications with respect to the design of high performance superscalar processors.
Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of organostannanes with nucleoside halides (1991)

A general reaction is described for the synthesis of C-5 substituted nucleosides through the coupling of organostannanes with nucleoside-palladium intermediate derived in situ from 5-iodouridine (or 5-iodo-2’-deoxyuridine) and [PdCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 ]. The reaction was used for the synthesis of C-5 aryl, heteroaryl, vinyl, allyl and alkyl substituted nucleosides.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 14-Alkoxymorphinans. 18. N-Substituted 14-Phenylpropyloxymorphinan-6-ones with Unanticipated Agonist Properties:  Extending the Scope of Common Structure−Activity Relationships (2003)

The synthesis, biological, and pharmacological evaluations of 14beta-O-phenylpropyl-substituted morphinan-6-ones are described. The most striking finding of this study was that all of the compounds from the novel series of differently N-substituted 14beta-O-phenylpropylmorphinans acted as powerful opioid agonists. Even with N-substituents such as cyclopropylmethyl and allyl, which are usually associated with distinct antagonist properties, only agonists were obtained. Compared to morphine, the N-cyclopropylmethyl derivative 15 showed considerably increased potency in the in vivo assays in mice (600-fold in the tail-flick assay, 60-fold in the paraphenylquinone writhing test, and 400-fold in the hot-plate assay). Remarkably, most of the new ligands were nonselective and exhibited binding affinities in the subnanomolar range at opioid receptors (mu, kappa, delta), with the N-propyl derivative 19 displaying the highest affinity for the mu-receptor (K(i) = 0.09 nM).
Monensin‐mediated growth inhibition in acute myelogenous leukemia cells via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis (2002)

Monensin, an Na(+) ionophore, regulates many cellular functions including apoptosis. However, there has been no report about the antitumoral effect of monensin on acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Here, we investigated the antiproliferative effect of monensin on AML cells in vitro and in vivo. Monensin efficiently inhibited the proliferation of all of 10 AML cell lines, with IC(50) of about 0.5 microM. DNA flow cytometric analysis indicated that monensin induced a G(1) and/or a G(2)-M phase arrest in these cell lines. To address the mechanism of the antiproliferative effect of monensin, we examined the effect of monensin on cell cycle-related proteins in HL-60 cells. The levels of CDK6, cyclin D1 and cyclin A were decreased. In addition, monensin not only increased the p27 level but also enhanced its binding with CDK2. Furthermore, the activities of CDK2- and CDK6-associated kinases reduced by monensin were associated with hypophosphorylation of Rb protein. Monensin also induced apoptosis in AML cells including HL-60 cells. The apoptotic process of HL-60 cells was associated with changes in Bax, caspase-3, caspase-8 and mitochondria transmembrane potential (Deltapsi(m)). In particular, monensin (i.p. at a dose of 8 mg/kg thrice weekly) significantly reduced the tumor size of BALB/c mice that were inoculated s.c. with its derived cell line, WEHI-3BD cells (69% growth inhibition relative to control group; p < 0.05). Tumors from monensin-treated mice exhibited increased apoptosis, and these tumor were immunohistochemically more stained with Bax, Fas and p53 antibodies than control tumors. In conclusion, this is the first report that monensin potently inhibits the proliferation of AML cells.
Atomic layer deposition: Prospects for solar cell manufacturing (2008)

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a thin film growth technology that is capable of depositing uniform and conformal films on complex, three-dimensional objects with atomic precision. ALD is a rapidly growing field and it is currently at the verge of being introduced in the semiconductor industry. Recently it has been recognized that the method has also applications in many other areas relying on thin films including the area of photovoltaics. In this contribution the basics and key features of the ALD method will be described focusing especially on the potential of the method in solar cell manufacturing. It will be shown that the method is of relevance for first, second and third generation solar cells.
Prediction of protein stability upon point mutations (2007)

Prediction of protein stability upon amino acid substitution is a challenging problem and it will be helpful for designing stable mutants. We have developed a thermodynamic database for proteins and mutants (ProTherm), which has more than 20000 thermodynamic data along with sequence and structure information, experimental conditions and literature information. It is freely accessible at http://gibk26.bse.kyutech.ac.jp/jouhou/protherm/protherm.html. Utilizing the database, we have analysed the relationship between amino acid properties and protein stability and developed different methods, such as average assignment method, distance and torsion potentials and decision tree models to discriminate the stabilizing and destabilizing mutants, and to predict the stability change upon mutation. Our method could distinguish the stabilizing and destabilizing mutants with an accuracy of 82 and 85% respectively from amino acid sequence and protein three-dimensional structure. We obtained the correlation of 0.70 and 0.87, between the experimental and predicted stability changes upon mutations, from sequence and structure respectively. Furthermore, we have developed different web servers for discrimination and prediction and they are freely accessible at http://bioinformatics.myweb.hinet.net/iptree.htm and http://cupsat.tu-bs.de/.
An arthroconidial-spherule antigen of Coccidioides immitis: differential expression during in vitro fungal development and evidence for humoral response in humans after infection or vaccination (1992)

A 33-kDa protein antigen purified from spherules of Coccidioides immitis was analyzed for ultrastructural localization and for binding to serum antibodies from infected or immunized humans. By using colloidal gold detection of affinity-purified anti-33-kDa protein antibodies, electron photomicrographs showed binding to the inner cell wall of arthroconidia and spherules and to the septa and glycocalyx surrounding endospores. Enzyme immunoassay measurements also demonstrated that the antigen was most abundant in mature spherules. Of 37 patients with coccidioidomycosis but without concurrent human immunodeficiency virus infections, all but 2 demonstrated immunoglobulin M (IgM) (usually with early infection) or IgG antibodies for the 33-kDa antigen. In contrast, only one of four HIV-infected patients with active coccidioidal infections demonstrated antibody. On the other hand, 107 of 108 patients without evident coccidioidomycosis and 15 of 16 patients with histoplasmosis did not have similar antibodies, indicating a high degree of specificity. Immunization of humans with a spherule vaccine produced IgM responses to this antigen that were not evident in placebo recipients.
551. A quantitative study of the nitration of benzothiazole (1961)

E. R. Ward and W. H. Poesche, J. Chem. Soc., 1961, 2825 DOI: 10.1039/JR9610002825