gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
2-Iminohomopiperidinium Salts as Selective Inhibitors of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) (1998)

An attractive approach to the treatment of inflammatory conditions such as osteo- and rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and sepsis is through the selective inhibition of human inducible nitric oxide synthase (hiNOS) since localized excess nitric oxide (NO) release has been implicated in the pathology of these diseases. A series of monosubstituted iminohomopiperidinium salts possessing lipophilic functionality at ring positions 3, 5, 6, and 7 has been synthesized, and series members have demonstrated the ability to inhibit the hiNOS isoform with an IC50 as low as 160 nM (7). Compounds were found that selectively inhibit hiNOS over the human endothelial constitutive enzyme (heNOS) with a heNOS/hiNOS IC50 ratio in excess of 100 and as high as 314 (9). Potencies for inhibition of hiNOS and the human neuronal constitutive enzyme (hnNOS) are comparable. Substitution in the 3 and 7 positions provides compounds that exhibit the greatest degree of selectivity for hiNOS and hnNOS over heNOS. Submicromolar potencies for 6 and 7 in a mouse RAW cell assay demonstrated the ability of these compounds to inhibit iNOS in a cellular environment. These latter compounds were also found to be orally bioavailable and efficacious due to their ability to inhibit the increase in plasma nitrite/nitrate levels in a rat LPS model.
Real time control of multilevel manufacturing systems using colored Petri nets (2003)

A colored Petri net (CPN) model of a cell controller capable of real-time control and monitoring of multiple workstations is described. The need to incorporate the ideas of both computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) and flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) is discussed, and the controller is based on these concepts. The CPN for the cell controller is presented and described. The controller in this case controls two workstations: the Cincinnati Milacron 5VC machining center and a robotic assembly workstation using an Adept robot. An analysis of the net is performed, and relevant portions are presented. A data structure for implementing this type of a CPN is given. The code for the controller is divided into application-dependent and -independent code. An execution algorithm is provided. The conclusions emphasize the advantages of CPNs in modeling and analysis for discrete-event control of manufacturing systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quantitative Magnetic Particle Imaging Monitors the Transplantation, Biodistribution, and Clearance of Stem Cells <i>In Vivo</i> (2015)

Stem cell therapies have enormous potential for treating many debilitating diseases, including heart failure, stroke and traumatic brain injury. For maximal efficacy, these therapies require targeted cell delivery to specific tissues followed by successful cell engraftment. However, targeted delivery remains an open challenge. As one example, it is common for intravenous deliveries of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to become entrapped in lung microvasculature instead of the target tissue. Hence, a robust, quantitative imaging method would be essential for developing efficacious cell therapies. Here we show that Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI), a novel technique that directly images iron-oxide nanoparticle-tagged cells, can longitudinally monitor and quantify MSC administration in vivo. MPI offers near-ideal image contrast, depth penetration, and robustness; these properties make MPI both ultra-sensitive and linearly quantitative. Here, we imaged, for the first time, the dynamic trafficking of intravenous MSC administrations using MPI. Our results indicate that labeled MSC injections are immediately entrapped in lung tissue and then clear to the liver within one day, whereas standard iron oxide particle (Resovist) injections are immediately taken up by liver and spleen. Longitudinal MPI-CT imaging also indicated a clearance half-life of MSC iron oxide labels in the liver at 4.6 days. Finally, our ex vivo MPI biodistribution measurements of iron in liver, spleen, heart, and lungs after injection showed excellent agreement (R(2) = 0.943) with measurements from induction coupled plasma spectrometry. These results demonstrate that MPI offers strong utility for noninvasively imaging and quantifying the systemic distribution of cell therapies and other therapeutic agents.
Interactions of Sodium, Potassium, and Chloride on Lactation, Acid-Base Status, and Mineral Concentrations (1994)

Objectives were to determine responses to graded dietary concentrations of Na, K, and Cl and to cation-anion difference. The design was a partially balanced incomplete block with 48 cows, four 28-d periods, and 15 treatments. Five concentrations each of Na, K, and Cl, ranging from .31 to .85%, .86 to 1.96%, and .32 to 1.15%, respectively, were fed in a TMR based on corn silage. Cation-anion difference (Na+K-Cl) ranged from +12 to +62 meq/100 g of dietary DM. Dry matter intake was affected by interactions between Na and K and between Na and Cl. Yield of 3.5% FCM increased as Na increased (independent of K and Cl concentrations); FCM yield response to dietary K depended on dietary Cl. Milk fat percentage responded quadratically to Na, K, and Cl. Milk fat percentage was maximum at .60% Na, 1.34% K, and .69% Cl. Dry matter intake, BW gain, and blood partial pressure of CO2 responded in a cubic fashion; FCM yield, milk protein percentage, and blood HCO3 concentrations responded quadratically; and blood base excess increased linearly with increasing cation-anion difference. Based on regression models, 3.5% FCM yield and DMI were highest when the cation-anion difference was between +30 and +50. These results indicate that interrelationships among Na, K, and Cl were abundant and were related to blood acid-base status and mineral element concentrations.
Evaluation of Antioxidant and Prooxidant Activities of Bamboo<i>Phyllostachys nigra</i>Var.<i>Henonis</i>Leaf Extract in Vitro (2000)

Solvent-extracted bamboo leaf extract (BLE) containing chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and luteolin 7-glucoside was evaluated in vitro for free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities using a battery of test methods. BLE exhibited a concentration-dependent scavenging activity of DPPH radical. BLE prolonged the lag phase and suppressed the rate of propagation of liposome peroxidation initiated by peroxyl radical induced by 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane dihydrochloride (AAPH) at 37 degrees C. BLE also prevented human low-density lipoprotein oxidation, mediated by Cu(2+), which was monitored by the lower formation of conjugated diene and fluorescence and a reduced negative charge of apo-B protein. Finally, BLE protected supercoiled DNA strand against scission induced by AAPH-mediated peroxyl radical. Prooxidant activity of BLE was seen in a Cu(2+)-induced peroxidation of structured phosphatidylcholine liposome, indicating catalytic peroxidation due to a relatively high reducing power of BLE. It was concluded that the BLE has both antioxidant activity and prooxidant activity; the antioxidant activity was attributed to free radical scavenging activity, and the prooxidant activity, albeit minor, resulted from the reducing power of plant phenolics in the presence of transitional metal ions.
Molecular and Insecticidal Characterization of a Cry1I Protein Toxic to Insects of the Families Noctuidae, Tortricidae, Plutellidae, and Chrysomelidae (2006)

The most notable characteristic of Bacillus thuringiensis is its ability to produce insecticidal proteins. More than 300 different proteins have been described with specific activity against insect species. We report the molecular and insecticidal characterization of a novel cry gene encoding a protein of the Cry1I group with toxic activity towards insects of the families Noctuidae, Tortricidae, Plutellidae, and Chrysomelidae. PCR analysis detected a DNA sequence with an open reading frame of 2.2 kb which encodes a protein with a molecular mass of 80.9 kDa. Trypsin digestion of this protein resulted in a fragment of ca. 60 kDa, typical of activated Cry1 proteins. The deduced sequence of the protein has homologies of 96.1% with Cry1Ia1, 92.8% with Cry1Ib1, and 89.6% with Cry1Ic1. According to the Cry protein classification criteria, this protein was named Cry1Ia7. The expression of the gene in Escherichia coli resulted in a protein that was water soluble and toxic to several insect species. The 50% lethal concentrations for larvae of Earias insulana, Lobesia botrana, Plutella xylostella, and Leptinotarsa decemlineata were 21.1, 8.6, 12.3, and 10.0 microg/ml, respectively. Binding assays with biotinylated toxins to E. insulana and L. botrana midgut membrane vesicles revealed that Cry1Ia7 does not share binding sites with Cry1Ab or Cry1Ac proteins, which are commonly present in B. thuringiensis-treated crops and commercial B. thuringiensis-based bioinsecticides. We discuss the potential of Cry1Ia7 as an active ingredient which can be used in combination with Cry1Ab or Cry1Ac in pest control and the management of resistance to B. thuringiensis toxins.
Plasma parameter estimation from rf impedance measurements in a dry etching system (1983)

The rf impedance of a dry etching system excited at 13.56 MHz is calculated from the settings of the matching network between the generator and the reactor. It is demonstrated that fundamental plasma parameters, which are useful in the evaluation of dry etching techniques, can be derived from these measurements. For an oxygen discharge at 27 Pa and 350 W m−2 the following parameter values are obtained: maximum ion bombardment energy 76 V, electron density in the glow 5×1014 m−3, ion flux density on the substrates 0.08 A m−2.
Importance of Platelet-Free Preparations for Evaluating Lymphocyte Nucleotide Levels in Inherited or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndromes (1983)

Low ATP/ADP ratios have been reported consistently for nucleotide levels of mononuclear cells separated from peripheral blood by conventional techniques. We have established that these low values (mean 2.3:1) were not due to cell damage or poor viability, but resulted from heavy platelet contamination, which is unavoidable when heparinized blood is used. The results reflect the low ATP/ADP ratios (mean 1.6:1) characteristic of platelets. Platelet-free extracts from defibrinated blood had very high ATP/ADP ratios (mean 17.4:1). The initial finding of detectable amounts of deoxy-ATP and deoxy-GTP in mononuclear cells from children with two distinct inherited immunodeficiency disorders [adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency respectively] many have been due to contamination by nucleated erythrocytes as well as platelets in non-defibrinated preparations. Defibrination before nucleotide extraction of mononuclear cells from a patient with T-cell leukaemic/lymphoma treated with the ADA inhibitor deoxycoformycin enabled the demonstration of grossly raised deoxy-ATP levels relative to deoxy-ADP levels (ratio 16.1:1), associated with severe ATP depletion. This reciprocal relationship between ATP and dATP was found by us previously in the erythrocytes in inherited ADA deficiency. These findings underline the importance of extracts uncontaminated by platelets, or nucleated erythrocytes, in the evaluation of lymphocyte nucleotide levels in inherited or acquired immunodeficiency syndromes.
Surface modification of cathode materials from nano- to microscale for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (2010)

The present concern with global warming urgently requires a large increase in the energy share provided by green, renewable energy sources, as well as massive commercialization of sustainable vehicles. The widespread availability of reliable energy storage systems and highly efficient lithium batteries can, in principle, meet this need. For example, many individuals already own at least one lithium-ion battery portable device, such as a cellular phone, MP3 player, digital camera, or laptop computer. Hybrid electric vehicles and full electric vehicles will sooner or later be marketed with lithium-ion batteries. However, to acquire an established role in the commercial sector, lithium-ion batteries must be improved with regard to energy density, cost, and particularly, safety. Further development of electrode materials, especially the cathode active materials, is important to satisfy the above requirements. The easiest route to cathode improvement is to modify the cathode surface. This article describes recent advances in cathode active materials with surface modification from the nano- to microscale.
Intelligent Procedures for Intra‐Day Updating of Call Center Agent Schedules (2009)

For nearly all call centers, agent schedules are typically created several days or weeks before the time that agents report to work. After schedules are created, call center resource managers receive additional information that can affect forecasted workload and resource availability. In particular, there is significant evidence, both among practitioners and in the research literature, suggesting that actual call arrival volumes early in a scheduling period (typically an individual day or week) can provide valuable information about the call arrival pattern later in the same scheduling period. In this paper, we develop a flexible and powerful heuristic framework for managers to make intra‐day resource adjustment decisions that take into account updated call forecasts, updated agent requirements, existing agent schedules, agents' schedule flexibility, and associated incremental labor costs. We demonstrate the value of this methodology in managing the trade‐off between labor costs and service levels to best meet variable rates of demand for service, using data from an actual call center.
The immunochemistry of solid-phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. (1987)

Multivalent antigens (Ags) such as membrane proteins can be quantitated by using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), which typically show sensitivity from 0.1 to 50 ng/ml. The percentage of antigen that binds in the log-log linear region reflects the affinity of the capture antibody (CAb), and the range of linearity for assays conducted with a particular CAb is proportional to the antibody (Ab) concentration. The sandwich ELISA titration plot reflects the actual amount of Ag bound when asymmetrical configurations are used; steric hindrance that occurs with certain symmetrical configurations, especially when enzyme-Ab conjugates of greater than or equal to 10(6) daltons are used, can alter this relationship. Monoclonal CAbs bind less Ag than polyclonal CAbs. Immobilization of monoclonal CAbs by using a modified avidin-biotin system can result in greater antigen capture capacity (AgCC) than when the Abs are directly adsorbed on plastic. Adsorption of proteins on polystyrene is noncovalent and proportional to the amount added for up to 150 ng/200 microliter in a microtiter well. Adsorption can result in substantial loss of antigenic or antibody activity. Desorption is continuous at a low level and can negatively influence the results of an immunoassay. Data from microtiter sandwich ELISAs can be readily acquired and analyzed by using a computer-based analysis system (ELISANALYSIS) written for the IBM PC. This analytical system considers the immunochemical principles of sandwich ELISAs predicted theoretically and demonstrated empirically.
Proliferation Rate of Somatic Cells Affects Reprogramming Efficiency (2013)

The discovery of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells provides not only new approaches for cell replacement therapy, but also new ways for drug screening. However, the undefined mechanism and relatively low efficiency of reprogramming have limited the application of iPS cells. In an attempt to further optimize the reprogramming condition, we unexpectedly observed that removing c-Myc from the Oct-4, Sox-2, Klf-4, and c-Myc (OSKM) combination greatly enhanced the generation of iPS cells. The iPS cells generated without c-Myc attained salient pluripotent characteristics and were capable of producing full-term mice through tetraploid complementation. We observed that forced expression of c-Myc induced the expression of many genes involved in cell cycle control and a hyperproliferation state of the mouse embryonic fibroblasts during the early stage of reprogramming. This enhanced proliferation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts correlated negatively to the overall reprogramming efficiency. By applying small molecule inhibitors of cell proliferation at the early stage of reprogramming, we were able to improve the efficiency of iPS cell generation mediated by OSKM. Our data demonstrated that the proliferation rate of the somatic cell plays critical roles in reprogramming. Slowing down the proliferation of the original cells might be beneficial to the induction of iPS cells.
A new approach to empirical intermolecular and conformational potential energy functions. III. Application of EPEN to the conformational analysis of 1,2-disubstituted ethanes (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new approach to empirical intermolecular and conformational potential energy functions. III. Application of EPEN to the conformational analysis of 1,2-disubstituted ethanesAntony W. Burgess, Lester L. Shipman, Raphael A. Nemenoff, and Harold A. ScheragaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 1, 23–29Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1976https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00417a005RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views55Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (915 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Single-agent docetaxel in patients with refractory non-small-cell lung cancer (1997)

There are few options available for the patient with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in whom first-line chemotherapy has failed. Docetaxel (Taxotere), a semisynthetic taxoid, is one of the few drugs that has been systematically investigated as a second-line option for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.
The Biogeneration of Green Odour by Green Leaves and It's Physiological Functions -Past, Present and Future (1995)

Article The Biogeneration of Green Odour by Green Leaves and It's Physiological Functions -Past, Present and Future was published on August 1, 1995 in the journal Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C (volume 50, issue 7-8).
Inherited IFNAR1 deficiency in otherwise healthy patients with adverse reaction to measles and yellow fever live vaccines (2019)

Vaccination against measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) and yellow fever (YF) with live attenuated viruses can rarely cause life-threatening disease. Severe illness by MMR vaccines can be caused by inborn errors of type I and/or III interferon (IFN) immunity (mutations in <i>IFNAR2</i>, <i>STAT1</i>, or <i>STAT2</i>). Adverse reactions to the YF vaccine have remained unexplained. We report two otherwise healthy patients, a 9-yr-old boy in Iran with severe measles vaccine disease at 1 yr and a 14-yr-old girl in Brazil with viscerotropic disease caused by the YF vaccine at 12 yr. The Iranian patient is homozygous and the Brazilian patient compound heterozygous for loss-of-function <i>IFNAR1</i> variations. Patient-derived fibroblasts are susceptible to viruses, including the YF and measles virus vaccine strains, in the absence or presence of exogenous type I IFN. The patients' fibroblast phenotypes are rescued with WT <i>IFNAR1</i> Autosomal recessive, complete IFNAR1 deficiency can result in life-threatening complications of vaccination with live attenuated measles and YF viruses in previously healthy individuals.
Digital fluxgate magnetometer for the Astrid-2 satellite (1999)

The design and performance of the Astrid-2 magnetometer are described. The magnetometer uses mathematical routines, implemented by software for commercially available digital signal processors, to determine the magnetic field from the fluxgate sensor. The sensor is from the latest generation of amorphous metal sensors developed by the Department of Automation at the Technical University of Denmark.
The Life History and Control of an Eye Fluke (1941)

(1941). The Life History and Control of an Eye Fluke. The Progressive Fish-Culturist: Vol. 8, No. 54, pp. 1-13.
Clinical evaluation of demineralized bone allograft in a hyaluronic acid carrier for sinus lift augmentation in humans: a computed tomography and histomorphometric study (2006)

This study confirmed the hypothesis that new bone formation is dependent on the DFDBA formulation used and demonstrated that DBX, alone or in combination with other materials, can be used successfully for sinus floor elevation.
A Generative Model for Parts-based Object Segmentation (2012)

The Shape Boltzmann Machine (SBM) [1] has recently been introduced as a state-of-the-art model of foreground/background object shape. We extend the SBM to account for the foreground object’s parts. Our new model, the Multinomial SBM (MSBM), can capture both local and global statistics of part shapes accurately. We combine the MSBM with an appearance model to form a fully generative model of images of objects. Parts-based object segmentations are obtained simply by performing probabilistic inference in the model. We apply the model to two challenging datasets which exhibit significant shape and appearance variability, and find that it obtains results that are comparable to the state-of-the-art. There has been significant focus in computer vision on object recognition and detection e.g. [2], but a strong desire remains to obtain richer descriptions of objects than just their bounding boxes. One such description is a parts-based object segmentation, in which an image is partitioned into multiple sets of pixels, each belonging to either a part of the object of interest, or its background. The significance of parts in computer vision has been recognized since the earliest days of the