gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical and structural characterization of PECVD-silicon oxynitride films for waveguide device applications (2005)

In this work, slab and strip optical waveguides were fabricated onto silicon substrates using silicon oxynitride (SiO<sub>x</sub>N<sub>y</sub>) films, with different chemical compositions, as core and cladding layers. In order to obtain high optical quality and low attenuation levels the nitrogen composition in the core and cladding films were varied from 0% up to ~31% and the index contrast from 1% up to 6%. The constituent materials were deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique and characterized by a prism coupling system in order to obtain the refractive index and the thickness values. On the other hand, the slab and strip optical waveguides were annealed at 550°C in vacuum during 2 hours and characterized optically by the moving fiber method and by the end-fire coupling technique, respectively. The results of the optical characterizations in the waveguide structures showed a decrease in their optical losses of up to 50% after the annealing treatment, which can be related with an improvement in the local structure and in the quality of the interface of the constituent films.
BlendFuzz: A Model-Based Framework for Fuzz Testing Programs with Grammatical Inputs (2012)

Fuzz testing has been widely used in practice to detect software vulnerabilities. Traditional fuzzing tools typically use blocks to model program input. Despite the demonstrated success of this approach, its effectiveness is inherently limited when applied to test programs that process grammatical inputs, where the input data are mainly human-readable text with complex structures that are specified by a formal grammar. In this paper we present BlendFuzz, a fuzz testing framework that is grammar-aware. It works by breaking a set of existing test cases into units of grammar components, then using these units as variants to restructure existent test data, resulting in a wider range of test cases that have the potential to explore previously uncovered corner cases when used in testing. We've implemented this framework along with two language fuzzers on top of it. Experiments with these fuzzers have shown improved code coverage, and field testing has revealed over two dozens of previously unreported bugs in real-world applications, with seven of them being medium or high risk zero-day vulnerabilities.
The acoustic analysis of speech (1992)

Introduction To The Study Of Speech Acoustics. The Acoustic Theory Of Speech Production. Introduction To The Acoustic Analysis Of Speech. The Acoustic Characteristics Of Vowels And Diphthongs. The Acoustic Characteristics Of Consonants. The Acoustic Correlates Of Speaker Characteristics. Suprasegmental Properties Of Speech. Speech Synthesis. Glossary. References.
The adhesion of animal cells to surfaces: The measurement of critical surface shear stress permitting attachment or causing detachment (1985)

Abstract The ‘LH Fowler Cell Adhesion Measurement Module’ was successfully adapted to permit the determination of the critical shear forces involved in both the attachment to and the detachment from glass and plastic surfaces, by mammalian fibroblasts. Variations in the sensitivity of different cell types to critical shear forces were observed, although generally the critical shear forces permitting attachment were in the order of 1000‐times less than those causing detachment. Finally alterations to culture conditions indicated that the sensitivity of cell attachment to shear forces is strongly affected outside of optimal conditions.
Automatic verification of speed-independent circuits with Petri net specifications (2003)

Asynchronous designs are of increasing interest because of the cost of broadcasting clocks over large areas of a chip. A tool for comparing implementations of speed-independent circuits with specifications is described. Petri nets are used throughout as a user-level description language. These are translated into trace structures, which can then be processed by an existing automatic verifier. This tool is applied to a nontrivial self-timed queue design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Monitoring of mechanical errors and their dosimetric impact throughout the course of non-coplanar continuous volumetric-modulated arc therapy (2018)

UMIN000023870 . Registered: 1 October 2016.
Poly(heterocycle) Langmuir-Blodgett films (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoly(heterocycle) Langmuir-Blodgett filmsX. Q. Yang, J. Chen, P. D. Hale, T. Inagaki, T. A. Skotheim, D. A. Fischer, Y. Okamoto, L. Samuelsen, S. Tripathy, and Cite this: Langmuir 1989, 5, 6, 1288–1292Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00090a002https://doi.org/10.1021/la00090a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views90Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Security Aspects of the Linear Network Coding (2007)

We study security aspects of linear network coding. We propose a quantity to measure how difficult for an attacker to obtain confidential information on the encoding scheme through wire-tapping, the wire-tap robustness (WTR). We expect that this measure will give a useful criterion for such robustness when one designs a network. We also propose an extra method to increase security against such wire-tapping.
In Situ Remote H‐Plasma Cleaning of Patterned Si ‐ SiO2 Surfaces (1994)

A RF H‐plasma exposure was used to clean the surface of patterned wafers. The areal coverage of to bare Si was 4 to 1, and the patterns were long strips, small squares, and large open regions. The plasma‐surface etching was monitored by residual gas analysis (RGA). The RGA spectra indicated etching of the Si surface at temperatures below 400°C and no detectable by‐products due to interactions with the regions for temperatures <450°C. The patterned surfaces were characterized with low energy electron diffraction (LEED) (from the bare Si regions) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The LEED patterns indicate and surface symmetries at 300 and 450°C, respectively. The sharpness of the LEED patterns as well as the reconstruction indicated that the H‐plasma cleaned the bare Si regions. In addition, AFM measurements indicated that the Si and surface rms roughnesses do not vary significantly due to the H‐plasma exposure. It can be concluded from the RGA and AFM data that the remote H‐plasma process at 450°C cleaned the surface and did not significantly react with either the Si or regions.
Complete clinical responses to cancer therapy caused by multiple divergent approaches: a repeating theme lost in translation (2012)

Over 50 years of cancer therapy history reveals complete clinical responses (CRs) from remarkably divergent forms of therapies (eg, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, vaccines, autologous cell transfers, cytokines, monoclonal antibodies) for advanced solid malignancies occur with an approximately similar frequency of 5%-10%. This has remained frustratingly almost static. However, CRs usually underpin strong durable 5-year patient survival. How can this apparent paradox be explained? Over some 20 years, realization that (1) chronic inflammation is intricately associated with cancer, and (2) the immune system is delicately balanced between responsiveness and tolerance of cancer, provides a greatly significant insight into ways cancer might be more effectively treated. In this review, divergent aspects from the largely segmented literature and recent conferences are drawn together to provide observations revealing some emerging reasoning, in terms of "final common pathways" of cancer cell damage, immune stimulation, and auto-vaccination events, ultimately leading to cancer cell destruction. Created from this is a unifying overarching concept to explain why multiple approaches to cancer therapy can provide complete responses at almost equivalent rates. This "missing" aspect provides a reasoned explanation for what has, and is being, increasingly reported in the mainstream literature - that inflammatory and immune responses appear intricately associated with, if not causative of, complete responses induced by divergent forms of cancer therapy. Curiously, whether by chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, or other means, therapy-induced cell injury results, leaving inflammation and immune system stimulation as a final common denominator across all of these mechanisms of cancer therapy. This aspect has been somewhat obscured and has been "lost in translation" to date.
Atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate catalyzed by FeCl2/iminodiacetic acid (2000)

The atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate with FeCl2/iminodiacetic acid as the catalyst system in bulk was successfully implemented at 70 and 110 °C, respectively. The polymerization was controlled: the molecular weight of the resultant polymer was close to the calculated value, and the molecular weight distribution was relatively narrow (weight-average molecular weight/number-average molecular weight ∼ 1.5). Block copolymers of polystyrene-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-poly(methyl acrylate) were successfully synthesized, confirming the living nature of the polymerization. A small amount of water added to the reaction system increased the reaction rate and did not affect the living nature of the polymerization system. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 4308–4314, 2000
S-Troponin-T as a Marker of Ischemic Myocardial Injury (1992)

Journal Article S-Troponin-T as a Marker of Ischemic Myocardial Injury Get access W Gerhardt, W Gerhardt Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H A Katus, H A Katus Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J Ravkilde, J Ravkilde Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C W Hamm C W Hamm Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 38, Issue 6, 1 June 1992, Pages 1194–1195, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/38.6.1194 Published: 01 June 1992
Emotional State Classification in Patient–Robot Interaction Using Wavelet Analysis and Statistics-Based Feature Selection (2012)

Due to a major shortage of nurses in the U.S., future healthcare service robots are expected to be used in tasks involving direct interaction with patients. Consequently, there is a need to design nursing robots with the capability to detect and respond to patient emotional states and to facilitate positive experiences in healthcare. The objective of this study was to develop a new computational algorithm for accurate patient emotional state classification in interaction with nursing robots during medical service. A simulated medicine delivery experiment was conducted at two nursing homes using a robot with different human-like features. Physiological signals, including heart rate (HR) and galvanic skin response (GSR), as well as subjective ratings of valence (happy-unhappy) and arousal (excited-bored) were collected on elderly residents. A three-stage emotional state classification algorithm was applied to these data, including: (1) physiological feature extraction; (2) statistical-based feature selection; and (3) a machine-learning model of emotional states. A pre-processed HR signal was used. GSR signals were nonstationary and noisy and were further processed using wavelet analysis. A set of wavelet coefficients, representing GSR features, was used as a basis for current emotional state classification. Arousal and valence were significantly explained by statistical features of the HR signal and GSR wavelet features. Wavelet-based de-noising of GSR signals led to an increase in the percentage of correct classifications of emotional states and clearer relationships among the physiological response and arousal and valence. The new algorithm may serve as an effective method for future service robot real-time detection of patient emotional states and behavior adaptation to promote positive healthcare experiences.
Development of hardware accelerator for molecular dynamics simulations: A computation board that calculates nonbonded interactions in cooperation with fast multipole method (2003)

Evaluation of long-range Coulombic interactions still represents a bottleneck in the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of biological macromolecules. Despite the advent of sophisticated fast algorithms, such as the fast multipole method (FMM), accurate simulations still demand a great amount of computation time due to the accuracy/speed trade-off inherently involved in these algorithms. Unless higher order multipole expansions, which are extremely expensive to evaluate, are employed, a large amount of the execution time is still spent in directly calculating particle-particle interactions within the nearby region of each particle. To reduce this execution time for pair interactions, we developed a computation unit (board), called MD-Engine II, that calculates nonbonded pairwise interactions using a specially designed hardware. Four custom arithmetic-processors and a processor for memory manipulation ("particle processor") are mounted on the computation board. The arithmetic processors are responsible for calculation of the pair interactions. The particle processor plays a central role in realizing efficient cooperation with the FMM. The results of a series of 50-ps MD simulations of a protein-water system (50,764 atoms) indicated that a more stringent setting of accuracy in FMM computation, compared with those previously reported, was required for accurate simulations over long time periods. Such a level of accuracy was efficiently achieved using the cooperative calculations of the FMM and MD-Engine II. On an Alpha 21264 PC, the FMM computation at a moderate but tolerable level of accuracy was accelerated by a factor of 16.0 using three boards. At a high level of accuracy, the cooperative calculation achieved a 22.7-fold acceleration over the corresponding conventional FMM calculation. In the cooperative calculations of the FMM and MD-Engine II, it was possible to achieve more accurate computation at a comparable execution time by incorporating larger nearby regions.
Pro-autophagic signal induction by bacterial pore-forming toxins (2010)

Pore-forming toxins (PFT) comprise a large, structurally heterogeneous group of bacterial protein toxins. Nucleated target cells mount complex responses which allow them to survive moderate membrane damage by PFT. Autophagy has recently been implicated in responses to various PFT, but how this process is triggered is not known, and the significance of the phenomenon is not understood. Here, we show that S. aureus α-toxin, Vibrio cholerae cytolysin, streptolysin O and E. coli haemolysin activate two pathways leading to autophagy. The first pathway is triggered via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is a major energy sensor which induces autophagy by inhibiting the target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) in response to a drop of the cellular ATP/AMP-ratio, as is also observed in response to membrane perforation. The second pathway is activated by the conserved eIF2α-kinase GCN2, which causes global translational arrest and promotes autophagy in response to starvation. The latter could be accounted for by impaired amino acid transport into target cells. Notably, PKR, an eIF2α-kinase which has been implicated in autophagy induction during viral infection, was also activated upon membrane perforation, and evidence was obtained that phosphorylation of eIF2α is required for the accumulation of autophagosomes in α-toxin-treated cells. Treatment with 3-methyl-adenine inhibited autophagy and disrupted the ability of cells to recover from sublethal attack by S. aureus α-toxin. We propose that PFT induce pro-autophagic signals through membrane perforation-dependent nutrient and energy depletion, and that an important function of autophagy in this context is to maintain metabolic homoeostasis.
A captive behavioral enrichment study with Asian small‐clawed river otters (<i>Aonyx cinerea</i>) (1982)

Abstract Asian small‐clawed river otters ( Aonyx cinerea ) were given the opportunity to hunt for and capture live crickets ( Acheta domestica ) in a public interactive display. The otters learned the experimental routine during the first day of exposure. Different response levels were recorded at each of three capture sites, A, B, and C. The animals showed continued motivation for hunting despite the fact that there was no deprivation and the crickets represented an insignificant part of the diet. Besides live crickets, other items—cat food, dead crickets, and gelatin capsules—were introduced for five days each. The otters made the most captures per opportunity for live crickets, followed, in order of preference, by dead crickets, cat food, and gelatin capsules. Although gelatin capsules were found to be the least motivating prey item, the otters hunted for them whenever they were offered. Thus, any active opportunity to produce a change in their environment was rewarding to the otters.
Reactive supercritical fluid extrusion for development of moisture resistant starch‐based foams (2010)

Abstract The main objective of this work was to reduce barriers that prevent the usage of starch‐based foams by understanding the effect and the sequence of dual‐modification of crosslinked (XL) and acetylated (Ac) starch in one continuous supercritical fluid reactive extrusion (SCFX) process on wetting properties, physicochemical properties, and cellular structure of solid foam. The starch was reacted with epichlorohydrin (EPI) and acetic anhydride (Ac) under alkaline conditions in a twin‐screw extruder in the presence of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO 2 ). An increase in EPI concentration from 0.00 to 3.00% increased the degree of crosslinking as measured by DSC and confirmed by the quantification of the glucose units in the solution after acid hydrolysis. We observed a reduction of the glucose units from 93.07% for 0.00% EPI to 6.73% when 3.00% EPI was added. With crosslinking/acetylation processing, contact angle was higher for modified starches, indicating that chemical treatments induced dramatic changes in their surface polarity. Compared with native, the contact angle for dual modified starch increased from 43.1° to 91.7° which indicated their lower wettability. The addition of SC‐CO 2 , EPI, and Ac to the formulation reduced the density of the extrudates and increased the expansion ratio. The average cell size in the extrudate determined by scanning electron microscopy was also found to decrease from 150 to 34 μm by the addition of the two reagents. Moreover, the dual‐modification of starches provided more hardness and adhesiveness to the extrudates than was observed for the unmodified starches. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Tuneable microstrip device controlled by a weak magnetic field using ferromagnetic laminations (2000)

The properties of lamellar insulator ferromagnetic on the edge (LIFE) material in a microwave device under a static field are studied. The LIFE composite is manufactured by gluing sheets of a ferromagnetic thin film deposited by physical vapor deposition on a polymeric substrate. The 0.154-μm-thick ferromagnetic material is an amorphous CoNiZr alloy deposited on a 12.7-μm-thick kapton film. According to gyromagnetic model, when an external static field is applied along the easy axis, the gyromagnetic resonance frequency is shifted towards high frequencies. Then, a piece of LIFE composite was integrated in a microstrip line, using a substrate of low permittivity. The displacement of the minimum of the transmission coefficient in the microstrip line due to a static field applied is presented. The operation of a microwave filter with a stopband tuneable in the 2–6 GHz range by a small static magnetic field (&lt;500 Oe) is demonstrated, as well as a magnetic switch.
Pullulan Encapsulation of Labile Biomolecules to Give Stable Bioassay Tablets (2014)

A simple and inexpensive method is reported for the long-term stabilization of enzymes and other unstable reagents in premeasured quantities in water-soluble tablets (cast, not compressed) made with pullulan, a nonionic polysaccharide that forms an oxygen impermeable solid upon drying. The pullulan tablets dissolve in aqueous solutions in seconds, thereby facilitating the easy execution of bioassays at remote sites with no need for special reagent handling and liquid pipetting. This approach is modular in nature, thus allowing the creation of individual tablets for enzymes and their substrates. Proof-of-principle demonstrations include a Taq polymerase tablet for DNA amplification through PCR and a pesticide assay kit consisting of separate tablets for acetylcholinesterase and its chromogenic substrate, indoxyl acetate, both of which are highly unstable. The encapsulated reagents remain stable at room temperature for months, thus enabling the room-temperature shipping and storage of bioassay components.
What Do Patients Do with Access to Their Medical Records? (2001)

We sought to study the phenomenon of patients having access to their own medical records in order to determine the impact on them and on their relationship with their health care providers. We created the Patient Clinical Information System (PatCIS) to interface with the clinical data repository at New York Presbyterian Hospital to allow patients to add to and review their medical data. We also provided educational resources and automated advice programs. We provided access to the system to thirteen subjects over a nineteen-month period and reviewed their activities in the system's usage log. We also collected data via questionnaire and telephone interview. We found that patients varied in their use of the system, from once a month or less to one or more times per day. All patients primarily used the system to review laboratory results. Both they and their physicians believed that use of the system enhanced the patients' understanding of their conditions and improved their communication with their physicians. There were no adverse events encountered during the study.