gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toward Noncooperative Iris Recognition: A Classification Approach Using Multiple Signatures (2007)

This paper focuses on noncooperative iris recognition, i.e., the capture of iris images at large distances, under less controlled lighting conditions, and without active participation of the subjects. This increases the probability of capturing very heterogeneous images (regarding focus, contrast, or brightness) and with several noise factors (iris obstructions and reflections). Current iris recognition systems are unable to deal with noisy data and substantially increase their error rates, especially the false rejections, in these conditions. We propose an iris classification method that divides the segmented and normalized iris image into six regions, makes an independent feature extraction and comparison for each region, and combines each of the dissimilarity values through a classification rule. Experiments show a substantial decrease, higher than 40 percent, of the false rejection rates in the recognition of noisy iris images.
Expression of meprin subunit precursors. Membrane anchoring through the beta subunit and mechanism of zymogen activation. (1994)

The biosynthesis of the membrane-bound metalloendopeptidase meprin was studied after the introduction of cDNAs encoding the rat meprin alpha and beta subunits into human 293 cells. When expressed individually the meprin alpha subunit was found to be primarily secreted into the culture medium, while the beta subunit was determined to be an integral membrane protein. Coexpression of the alpha and beta subunits results in the localization of both subunits to the plasma membrane. In this case the alpha subunit is specifically released from the cell surface by dithiothreitol, indicating the alpha subunit is associated with the membrane via disulfide bond(s) to the beta subunit. Meprin expressed in 293 cells is similar to the rat kidney enzyme in that it forms disulfide-linked dimers and has a similar pattern of glycosylation. However, the expressed protein displayed no detectable peptidase activity against four meprin substrates. Processing of the alpha subunit was followed after the introduction of sequences coding for the human c-myc peptide epitope EQKLISEEDL into its cDNA in the region of its prosequence and at the COOH terminus. Detection of the resulting proteins using a monoclonal antibody specific for the c-myc epitope indicates the alpha subunit is processed at its COOH terminus but retains the prosequence which is absent from the enzyme purified from rat kidney. Limited trypsin digestion of meprin precursors expressed in 293 cells results in both the activation of the enzyme and the removal of the prosequence. This result supports the hypothesis of Bode et al. (Bode W., Gomis-Ruth, F. X., Huber, R., Zwilling, R., and Stocker, W. (1992) Nature 358, 164-167) that meprin and other astacin family proteases require removal of NH2-terminal prosequences at the junction of the astacin protease domain for zymogen activation. Trypsin-activated meprin was assayed with the protein substrate azocasein and three synthetic peptide substrates. The membrane-bound beta subunit was found to be more active than the secreted alpha subunit against azocasein but much less active toward the synthetic peptide substrates.
GPU-Based Cloud Service for Smith-Waterman Algorithm Using Frequency Distance Filtration Scheme (2013)

As the conventional means of analyzing the similarity between a query sequence and database sequences, the Smith-Waterman algorithm is feasible for a database search owing to its high sensitivity. However, this algorithm is still quite time consuming. CUDA programming can improve computations efficiently by using the computational power of massive computing hardware as graphics processing units (GPUs). This work presents a novel Smith-Waterman algorithm with a frequency-based filtration method on GPUs rather than merely accelerating the comparisons yet expending computational resources to handle such unnecessary comparisons. A user friendly interface is also designed for potential cloud server applications with GPUs. Additionally, two data sets, H1N1 protein sequences (query sequence set) and human protein database (database set), are selected, followed by a comparison of CUDA-SW and CUDA-SW with the filtration method, referred to herein as CUDA-SWf. Experimental results indicate that reducing unnecessary sequence alignments can improve the computational time by up to 41%. Importantly, by using CUDA-SWf as a cloud service, this application can be accessed from any computing environment of a device with an Internet connection without time constraints.
Impact of Genetic Manipulation on the Fitness of <i>Anopheles stephensi</i> Mosquitoes (2003)

Genetic modification of mosquitoes offers exciting possibilities for controlling malaria, but success will depend on how transformation affects the fitness of modified insects. The expression of an exogenous gene, the mutations caused by its insertion, and inbreeding while transformed lines are established can all lead to reductions in fitness. Factors influencing fitness were investigated in cage experiments with four lines of transgenic Anopheles stephensi, a vector species of human malaria. The results indicate direct costs of the introduced transgene in at least three out of the four lines, as well as an apparent cost of the inbreeding involved in making transgenic homozygotes.
Symbolic Representation and Learning With Hyperdimensional Computing (2020)

It has been proposed that machine learning techniques can benefit from symbolic representations and reasoning systems. We describe a method in which the two can be combined in a natural and direct way by use of hyperdimensional vectors and hyperdimensional computing. By using hashing neural networks to produce binary vector representations of images, we show how hyperdimensional vectors can be constructed such that vector-symbolic inference arises naturally out of their output. We design the Hyperdimensional Inference Layer (HIL) to facilitate this process and evaluate its performance compared to baseline hashing networks. In addition to this, we show that separate network outputs can directly be fused at the vector symbolic level within HILs to improve performance and robustness of the overall model. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first instance in which meaningful hyperdimensional representations of images are created on real data, while still maintaining hyperdimensionality.
Dissolution behavior of the chemically modified polyvinylphenol with introduced high-ortho structure (1994)

Poly (p-vinylphenol) was derivatized by reaction with ortho- methylolated precursors to introduce ortho-ortho linked phenolic diad and triad moieties onto the polyethylene backbone. In particular, the resulting polymers obtained by the reaction with 2,4-dimethyl-6-methylolphenol were characterized by spectroscopic and lithographic methods to understand the structure/property relationship. The reaction took place in a sequential fashion so that the diad formation was followed by the triad formation. The diad was found to have two conformations, corresponding to hydrogen-bonded and -unbonded states, while the triad existed only in the hydrogen-bonded conformation. The dissolution behavior of the modified polymers with and without DNQ ester was greatly affected by the degree of HMX incorporation. Optimized resist performance determined by dissolution rate monitoring was obtained on modification of all phenolic moieties with a diad/triad ratio of approximately 1.
Pathogenicity in the tubercle bacillus: molecular and evolutionary determinants (2009)

In contrast to the great majority of mycobacterial species that are harmless saprophytes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other closely related tubercle bacilli have evolved to be among the most important human and animal pathogens. The need to develop new strategies in the fight against tuberculosis (TB) and related diseases has fuelled research into the evolutionary success of the M. tuberculosis complex members. Amongst the various disciplines, genomics and functional genomics have been instrumental in improving our understanding of these organisms. In this review we will present some of the recent key findings on molecular determinants of mycobacterial pathogenicity and attenuation, the evolution of M. tuberculosis, genome dynamics, antigen mining for improved diagnostic and subunit antigens, and finally the identification of novel drug targets. The genomics revolution has changed the landscape of TB research, and now underpins our renewed efforts to defeat this deadly pathogen.
Establishment of an implant selection protocol for predetermined success. (1990)

Previously, implant selection was confined to radiographs and to plastic implant templates for evaluation of existing bone. The aim of this study was to determine implant support areas in a compressive mode and to establish a standard via an implant selection protocol. Successful implant selection, regardless of the device design, is relevant to a patient's muscular efficiency and implant support values based on bone quality and size of prescribed bridge. The compressive areas of support, in mm2, of 15 implant designs were computer-analyzed and graph-evaluated. Major/minor diameters and the lengths of screws and cylindrical types of devices were calculated. In addition, the length, width, vents, and any lateral support areas of blade types were recorded. Average muscular force data, provided by clinical transducer studies, and literature reports of the mechanical properties of trabecular bone were correlated with computer bone analyses. These studies determined the quality of maxillary and mandibular bone to be 10 MPa and 15 MPa, respectively. Results indicated that four-unit bridges, at 50 lbs of applied force, require an area 31.14 mm2 of implant support in a compressive mode in the maxilla, and a support area of 20.76 mm2 in the mandible. Five-unit bridges require 40.84 mm2 in the maxilla and 27.23 mm2 for the mandible, because of the moment force, or torque, on the implant. Findings indicated that by determining: (1) the patient's muscular efficiency at implant sites (quantifying dynamic values of the forces and moments on implants supporting functioning bridges); (2) implant support values based on the compressive strength of the cancellous bone at implant sites; and (3) the size of the prescribed bridge, it is possible for the success (or failure) of a selected implant to be predetermined.
Discrimination of interaural temporal disparities by normal-hearing listeners and listeners with high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss (1986)

Thresholds of ongoing interaural time difference (ITD) were obtained from normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners who had high-frequency, sensorineural hearing loss. Several stimuli (a 500-Hz sinusoid, a narrow-band noise centered at 500 Hz, a sinusoidally amplitude-modulated 4000-Hz tone, and a narrow-band noise centered at 4000 Hz) and two criteria [equal sound-pressure level (Eq SPL) and equal sensation level (Eq SL)] for determining the level of stimuli presented to each listener were employed. The ITD thresholds and slopes of the psychometric functions were elevated for hearing-impaired listeners for the two high-frequency stimuli in comparison to: the listener's own low-frequency thresholds; and data obtained from normal-hearing listeners for stimuli presented with Eq SPL interaurally. The two groups of listeners required similar ITDs to reach threshold when stimuli were presented at Eq SLs to each ear. For low-frequency stimuli, the ITD thresholds of the hearing-impaired listener were generally slightly greater than those obtained from the normal-hearing listeners. Whether these stimuli were presented at either Eq SPL or Eq SL did not differentially affect the ITD thresholds across groups.
Southwest Oncology Group S0008: A Phase III Trial of High-Dose Interferon Alfa-2b Versus Cisplatin, Vinblastine, and Dacarbazine, Plus Interleukin-2 and Interferon in Patients With High-Risk Melanoma—An Intergroup Study of Cancer and Leukemia Group B, Children's Oncology Group, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, and Southwest Oncology Group (2014)

Biochemotherapy is a shorter, alternative adjuvant treatment for patients with high-risk melanoma that provides statistically significant improvement in RFS but no difference in OS and more toxicity compared with HDI.
1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D <sub>3</sub> Inhibits Angiogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo (2000)

Modulation of angiogenesis is now a recognized strategy for the prevention and treatment of pathologies categorized by their reliance on a vascular supply. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1, 25(OH)(2)D(3)], the active metabolite of vitamin D(3), on angiogenesis by using well-characterized in vitro and in vivo model systems. 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) (1 x 10(-9) to 1 x 10(-7) mol/L) significantly inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced endothelial cell sprouting and elongation in vitro in a dose-dependent manner and had a small, but significant, inhibitory effect on VEGF-induced endothelial cell proliferation. 1, 25(OH)(2)D(3) also inhibited the formation of networks of elongated endothelial cells within 3D collagen gels. The addition of 1, 25(OH)(2)D(3) to endothelial cell cultures containing sprouting elongated cells induced the regression of these cells, in the absence of any effect on cells present in the cobblestone monolayer. Analysis of nuclear morphology, DNA integrity, and enzymatic in situ labeling of apoptosis-induced strand breaks demonstrated that this regression was due to the induction of apoptosis specifically within the sprouting cell population. The effect of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) on angiogenesis in vivo was investigated by using a model in which MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells, which had been induced to overexpress VEGF, were xenografted subcutaneously together with MDA-435S breast carcinoma cells into nude mice. Treatment with 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) (12.5 pmol/d for 8 weeks) produced tumors that were less well vascularized than tumors formed in mice treated with vehicle alone. These results highlight the potential use of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in both the prevention and regression of conditions characterized by pathological angiogenesis.
The mass spectra of the arylsulphonyl derivatives of methyl acetates (1974)

The spectra of arylsulphonyl derivatives of methyl acetates revealed a variety of skeletal rearrangement ions. The influence of the aryl substituent on simple fragmentation, rearrangement by carbon-oxygen bond formation, elimination of ketene after alkoxy migration to the ortho position of the ring and skeletal rearrangement by means of elimination of sulphur dioxide is discussed.
Lysosomal cholesterol activates mTORC1 via an SLC38A9–Niemann-Pick C1 signaling complex (2017)

The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) protein kinase is a master growth regulator that becomes activated at the lysosome in response to nutrient cues. Here, we identify cholesterol, an essential building block for cellular growth, as a nutrient input that drives mTORC1 recruitment and activation at the lysosomal surface. The lysosomal transmembrane protein, SLC38A9, is required for mTORC1 activation by cholesterol through conserved cholesterol-responsive motifs. Moreover, SLC38A9 enables mTORC1 activation by cholesterol independently from its arginine-sensing function. Conversely, the Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) protein, which regulates cholesterol export from the lysosome, binds to SLC38A9 and inhibits mTORC1 signaling through its sterol transport function. Thus, lysosomal cholesterol drives mTORC1 activation and growth signaling through the SLC38A9-NPC1 complex.
Phase relations in the Cu, In, Se system and the properties of CuInSe2 single crystals (1984)

Experimental data on the phase relations in the Cu, In, Se system are presented and the growth of single crystals of CuInSe2 from the melt is described. Hall measurements on both n- and p-type crystals reveal that impurity conduction dominates the low-temperature transport properties. Type conversion by annealing of initially n-type crystals in excess selenium vapor leads to a substantial increase in the compensation level.
HUGE: a database for human large proteins identified in the Kazusa cDNA sequencing project (2002)

We have been developing a HUGE database to summarize results from the sequence analysis of human novel large (>4 kb) cDNAs identified in the Kazusa cDNA sequencing project, systematically designated KIAA plus a four-digit number. HUGE currently contains nearly 2000 gene/protein characteristic tables harboring the results of the computer-assisted analysis of the cDNA and the predicted protein sequences together with those of expression profiling and chromosomal mapping. In the updated version of HUGE, we made it possible to compare each KIAA cDNA sequence with the corresponding entry in the human draft genome sequence that was published recently. Approximately 90% of KIAA cDNAs in HUGE can be localized along the human genome for at least half or more of the cDNA's length. Any nucleotide differences between the cDNA and the corresponding genomic sequences are also presented in detail. This new version of HUGE greatly helps us evaluate the completeness of cDNA clones and the accuracy of cDNA/genomic sequences. More interestingly, in some cases, the ability to compare cDNA with genomic sequences allows us to identify candidate sites of RNA editing. HUGE is available on the World Wide Web at http://www.kazusa.or.jp/huge.
Generalized Distributed Genetic Algorithm for Optimization Problems (1997)

The Genetic Algorithm has been used for optimization problems in many areas. One of the attractive features of the Genetic Algorithm is that it lends itself very well to parallel and distributed processing. This feature of the Genetic Algorithm is used in this paper for improving its performance fo r large and complex optimization problems by implementing it in a distributed environment. The key attribute of the distributed implementation is that it can be used for different types of optimization problems without any modifications. In addition, the Distributed Genetic Algorithm implementation provides fault tolerance by automatically redistributing the work load assigned to the failed processor(s). This redistribution of load is carried out in a user transparent manner. The effectiveness and generality of the Distributed Genetic Algorithm implementation is demonstrated by solving several problems such as network topology design, network expansion and file allocation.
Whole-Body PET Imaging With [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose in Management of Recurrent Colorectal Cancer (1999)

Positron emission tomography was more sensitive and specific than CT for detection of recurrent colorectal cancer. Preoperative detection of nonresectable tumor by PET may avoid unnecessary surgery, and thereby reduce the cost of patient treatment.
Forward Genetic Analysis to Identify Determinants of Dopamine Signaling in<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>Using Swimming-Induced Paralysis (2012)

Disrupted dopamine (DA) signaling is believed to contribute to the core features of multiple neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Essential features of DA neurotransmission are conserved in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, providing us with an opportunity to implement forward genetic approaches that may reveal novel, in vivo regulators of DA signaling. Previously, we identified a robust phenotype, termed Swimming-induced paralysis (Swip), that emerges in animals deficient in the plasma membrane DA transporter. Here, we report the use and quantitative analysis of Swip in the identification of mutant genes that control DA signaling. Two lines captured in our screen (vt21 and vt22) bear novel dat-1 alleles that disrupt expression and surface trafficking of transporter proteins in vitro and in vivo. Two additional lines, vt25 and vt29, lack transporter mutations but exhibit genetic, biochemical, and behavioral phenotypes consistent with distinct perturbations of DA signaling. Our studies validate the utility of the Swip screen, demonstrate the functional relevance of DA transporter structural elements, and reveal novel genomic loci that encode regulators of DA signaling.
<i>In vitro</i>selection and evolution of functional proteins by using ribosome display (1997)

We report here a system with which a correctly folded complete protein and its encoding mRNA both remain attached to the ribosome and can be enriched for the ligand-binding properties of the native protein. We have selected a single-chain fragment (scFv) of an antibody 10(8)-fold by five cycles of transcription, translation, antigen-affinity selection, and PCR. The selected scFv fragments all mutated in vitro by acquiring up to four unrelated amino acid exchanges over the five generations, but they remained fully compatible with antigen binding. Libraries of native folded proteins can now be screened and made to evolve in a cell-free system without any transformation or constraints imposed by the host cell.
The need for bioactivity-safety evaluation and conservation of medicinal plants - a review. (2009)

The use of medicinal plants as raw materials in the production of new drugs is ever increasing because of their potentials in combating the problem of drug resistance in micro-organisms. Demand for medicinal plants is increasing in both developing and developed countries. Research on medicinal plants is one of the leading areas of research globally. However, there is a need to pay closer attention to the issue of bioactivity-safety evaluation and conservation of medicinal plants. Although some of the screening tests on medicinal plants are performed in vitro, the fact still remains that the ultimate aim of the researcher is to use the medicinal plants to treat diseases in humans and animals, who has to take the product orally or through other means into the system. There is also the need to conserve the medicinal plants to prevent their total extinction from the natural flora. This is because the expanding trade in medicinal plants has serious implications on the survival of several plant species, with many under serious threat to become extinct. The aim of this review is to justify and emphasize the need for the bioactivity-safety evaluation and conservation of the medicinal plants.  

	 

	Key words: Biosafety, evaluation, conservation, medicinal plants.
A Graph-Grammar Approach to Represent Causal, Temporal and Other Contexts in an Oncological Patient Record (1996)

The data of a patient undergoing complex diagnostic and therapeutic procedures do not only form a simple chronology of events, but are closely related in many ways. Such data contexts include causal or temporal relationships, they express inconsistencies and revision processes, or describe patient-specific heuristics. The knowledge of data contexts supports the retrospective understanding of the medical decision-making process and is a valuable base for further treatment. Conventional data models usually neglect the problem of context knowledge, or simply use free text which is not processed by the program. In connection with the development of the knowledge-based system THEMPO (Therapy Management in Pediatric Oncology), which supports therapy and monitoring in pediatric oncology, a graph-grammar approach has been used to design and implement a graph-oriented patient model which allows the representation of non-trivial (causal, temporal, etc.) clinical contexts. For context acquisition a mouse-based tool has been developed allowing the physician to specify contexts in a comfortable graphical manner. Furthermore, the retrieval of contexts is realized with graphical tools as well.