gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neurotrophic Factors Stabilize Microtubules and Protect against Rotenone Toxicity on Dopaminergic Neurons (2006)

Parkinson disease is characterized by the selective degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in substantia nigra. Long term epidemiological studies have implicated exposure to agricultural pesticides as a significant risk factor. Systemic administration of rotenone, a widely used pesticide, causes selective degeneration of nigral DA neurons and Parkinson disease-like symptoms in rats. Our previous study has shown that the microtubule depolymerizing activity of rotenone plays a critical role in its selective toxicity on DA neurons. Rotenone toxicity is mimicked by the microtubule-depolymerizing drug colchicine and attenuated by the microtubule-stabilizing agent taxol. Here we show that nerve growth factor (NGF) significantly reduced rotenone toxicity on TH(+) neurons in midbrain neuronal cultures. The protective effect of NGF was completely abolished by inhibiting the microtubule-associated protein kinase kinase (MEK) and partially reversed by blocking phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. In addition, NGF decreased colchicine toxicity on TH(+) neurons in a manner dependent on MEK but not phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. The protective effect of NGF against rotenone toxicity was occluded by the microtubule-stabilizing drug taxol. In a MEK-dependent manner, NGF significantly attenuated rotenone- or colchicine-induced microtubule depolymerization and ensuing accumulation of vesicles in the soma and elevation in protein carbonyls. Moreover, other neurotrophic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glia cell line-derived neurotrophic factor also reduced rotenone- or colchicine-induced microtubule depolymerization and death of TH(+) through a MEK-dependent mechanism. Thus, our results suggest that neurotrophic factors activate the microtubule-associated protein kinase pathway to stabilize microtubules, and this action significantly attenuates rotenone toxicity on dopaminergic neurons.
Risk factors for vascular dementia: a hospital-based study in Taiwan. (2007)

This study confirmed reported cardiovascular risk factors contributing to VD as in Western countries.
Application Accuracy Study of a Semipermanent Fiducial System for Frameless Stereotaxis (1997)

The accuracy of a semipermanent fiducial marker system developed at Wayne State University in collaboration with Fisher-Leibinger (Freiburg, Germany) was compared with reference to a standard stereotactic frame (Zamorano-Dujovny Localizing Unit; Fisher-Leibinger).For each patient in our study, 10 semipermanent markers were placed on the skull through a small incision and a pilot hole drilled for the marker; five markers were used for registration, and five were used for comparison.Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was performed, and, upon registration using both ring and fiducial markers, 184 random points were collected by infrared digitization.All three-dimensional measurements (x, y, z) were converted into distance values correlating each value to the origin by the formula dii = SQRT (4 + y;?, + zf).The mean difference of fiducial coordinates vs. absolute image coordinates was 1.72 -+ 0.42 mm (P = .OOOl), implying no significant difference.The mean difference in dii of the stereotactic ring coordinates vs. the absolute image coordinates was 3.35 -+ 0.59 mm (P = .00011).The mean difference in the fiducial markers vs. the stereotactic ring coordinates was 2.95 -+ 0.45 mm (P = .0001).All tests were declared significant at a = .016.The combination of interactive guidance with semipermanent fiducial markers allows for accurate localization of intracranial targets (as accurate or even more accurate than the stereotactic frame).Semipermanent fiducial markers facilitate the procedure logistically, allow for staged procedures (i.e., at the skull base or in epilepsy), and provide access for combined supra-and infratentorial approaches.We believe that the semipermanent fiducial markers system might represent an important development leading toward widespread use of interactive image guidance in conventional neurosurgery.
An improved parallel watershed algorithm for distributed memory system (2003)

As a classical method of image segmentation in mathematical morphology, the watershed transform has been applied successively into some fields like remote sensing image processing, biomedical and computer vision applications. However the watershed transform is a relatively time consuming task and classical watershed algorithms have a strong recursive nature, so straightforward parallel ones have a very low efficiency. Mekjster and Roerdink (1996; 1995) have proposed an alternative algorithm (M-R for short) which consists of three stages aimed to exploit parallelism fully. The M-R algorithm has much limitation and some underlying logical errors, therefore we present an improved parallel watershed algorithm based on a directed valued graph called components graph for image segmentation. We firstly point out the limits of the M-R algorithm, then describe the theory and steps of our algorithm in detail. Finally, experimental studies and performance measurements are given.
Changes in the electronic structure of silicone rubber surfaces induced by oxygen plasma treatment (2007)

Abstract The electron spectroscopy of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and PDMS following oxygen plasma treatment and subsequent exposure of the plasma‐treated surface to glycine are compared. The results obtained for the Auger parameter show no significant differences, whereas the results for the valence band spectra are consistent with the changes that are expected to occur as a result of the replacement of CH 3 groups by oxygen and OH groups during the plasma treatment and by the adsorption of glycine. Differences observed in line shape of the Si KLV spectra for PDMS and pure Si are attributed to the changes in the local Si environment in PDMS. The oxygen plasma treatment introduces a small shift in the local p DOS to lower binding energies and exposure of the plasma‐treated surface to glycine introduces a similar small shift in the p DOS to higher binding energies. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Traffic Management (UTM) National Campaign II (2018)

The Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Traffic Management (UTM) effort at NASA aims to enable access to low-altitude airspace for small UAS. This goal is being pursued partly through partnerships that NASA has developed with the UAS stakeholder community, the FAA, other government agencies, and the designated FAA UAS Test Sites. By partnering with the FAA UAS Test Sites, NASA's UTM project has performed a geographically diverse, simultaneous set of UAS operations at locations in six states. The demonstrations used an architecture that was developed by NASA in partnership with the FAA to safely coordinate such operations. These demonstrations-the second or 'Technical Capability Level (TCL 2)' National Campaign of UTM testing-was performed from May 15 through June 9, 2017. Multiple UAS operations occurred during the testing at sites located in Alaska, Nevada, Texas, North Dakota, Virginia, and New York with multiple organizations serving as UAS Service Suppliers and/or UAS Operators per the specifications provided by NASA. By engaging various members of the UAS community in development and operational roles, this campaign provided initial validation of different aspects of the UTM concept including: UAS Service Supplier technologies and procedures; geofencing technologies/conformance monitoring; ground-based surveillance/sense and avoid; airborne sense and avoid; communication, navigation, surveillance; and human factors related to UTM data creation and display. Additionally, measures of performance were defined and calculated from the flight data to establish quantitative bases for comparing flight test activities and to provide potential metrics that might be routinely monitored in future operational UTM systems.
The Cognitive Pilot Helmet: enabling pilot-aware smart avionics (2009)

We hypothesize that human-aware helmet display systems can drastically improve situation awareness (SA), reduce workload, and become the cognitive gateway to two-way human-systems information. We designed a ruggedized prototype helmet liner that was fitted with active electroencephalogram (EEG) electrodes and pulse oxymetry sensor. This liner was integrated into a helmet that was fitted with a binocular SR-100A helmet mounted display. We modified the SR-100A to include dual-eye tracking capability. The resulting system is able to pick up physiological signals from the wearer in real-time for cognitive state characterization by the Cognitive Avionics Tool Set (CATS). We conducted a preliminary test of the cognitive state estimation system in a simulated close-air-support task in the laboratory and found that workload throughout the mission could be gauged using physiological parameters. Cognitively-linked helmet systems can increase situation awareness by metering the amount of information based on available cognitive bandwidth and eventually, we feel that they will be able to provide anticipatory information to the user by means of cognitive intent recognition. Considerable design challenges lie ahead to create robust models of cognitive state characterization and intent recognition. However, the rewards of such efforts could be systems that allow a dramatic increase in human decision making ability and productivity in dynamical complex situations such as air combat or surface warfare.
Convertible undeniable signature scheme (2002)

In this study, a convertible undeniable signature scheme based on the El-Gamal signature scheme is proposed. The proposed scheme satisfies the undeniable property and can convert the undeniable signature to the ordinary one. The number of public keys and signatures are less than those of Boyar's scheme (1991). It also reduces the number of communication steps of the signature confirmation protocol.
Put a cork in it? : packaging (2014)

Cork and wine are like butter and bread: They have been associated with each other for as long as we can remember - 300 years to be exact. In fact, the use of cork as a wine bottle closure dates back to the 18th century when it was discovered that cork's elasticity allowed it to be compressed to fit into the neck of the bottle and to revert to its original shape when removed. Prior to that French vintners stuffed rags soaked in oil into bottle necks to prevent leakage and oxidation.
High density packaging for mobile terminals (2002)

Personal electronics devices are miniaturized to be more comfortable to carry, this size reduction desire, together with increased functionality, have become drivers, especially for wireless devices. Mobile terminal electronics have set a challenge for packaging and provided the motivation to verify emerging technologies. Chip Scale Packages (CSP), flip-chip and passive integration technologies have been verified by building two technology verifiers, both GSM mobile terminals based on the electronics of existing products. High Density PWB (HDPWB) technologies were selected to provide the required routing density for flip-chip assembly. These electronics modules were assembled into the mechanics of existing mobile terminals, facilitating full electrical characterization.
Apatite precipitation after incubation of biphasic calcium‐phosphate ceramic in various solutions: Influence of seed species and proteins (1998)

The dissolution–precipitation process for calcium-phosphate ceramics in contact with biological fluid was studied by incubating blocks of biphasic calcium phosphate composed of hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) in different solutions: ionic simulated body fluid (SBF) without protein or SBF that contained various proteins and macromolecules separately (fibronectin, vitronectin, albumin, and poly-L-glutamic acid). Transmission electron microscopy studies revealed that apatite-precipitated microcrystals appeared around ceramic crystals as a result of secondary nucleation; microcrystals were in continuity with the lattice planes of the HA crystals but in a different direction from that of β-TCP; the size of the precipitates was smaller when fibronectin, vitronectin, and poly-(L-glutamic acid) were present in SBF as compared to SBF without protein; and fibronectin and vitronectin initiated crystal nucleation in the void spaces between the ceramic crystals. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 42, 530–539, 1998.
Human Fab fragments specific for the Haemophilus influenzae b polysaccharide isolated from a bacteriophage combinatorial library use variable region gene combinations and express an idiotype that mirrors in vivo expression (1997)

To determine whether the human antibody (Ab) repertoire to the Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide (Hib PS) could be studied at the molecular level with phage display technology, we constructed a phage Fab library by using peripheral blood from a vaccinated adult. Phage were selected based on Hib PS binding. Two distinct Hib PS-specific phage clones were identified whose Fab fragments used the same V(H) region paired with two different V(L) regions. The V(L) regions were derived from two independent rearrangements of the A2c gene with Jkappa1, and both contained a nontemplated arginine codon at the V-Jkappa junction. The two A2 V gene segments differed from the A2c germ line sequence in 0 and 5 bases. The V(H) region consisted of the V(H)26 gene segment having 98% identity to the germline nucleotide sequence, a D region of 9 bases, and J(H)4b1. Usage of V(H)26 in combination with A2 V regions containing a junctional arginine is a predominant configuration of naturally occurring Hib PS-specific Abs. Liquid- and solid-phase assays showed that phage-derived Fab reacted with Hib PS and expressed HibId-1, an idiotype associated with the kappaII-A2 V region. These findings extend the database of V region polymorphisms that can contribute to the Hib PS repertoire and demonstrate that Hib PS-specific Fab fragments isolated from combinatorial phage libraries use V gene combinations which mirror the natural repertoire.
Correlative relationship between adherence of Candida albicans to human vaginal epithelial cells in vitro and candidal vaginitis. (1984)

This study investigated whether a correlation exists between predisposition to candidal vaginitis and adherence of Candida albicans to vaginal epithelial cells in vitro. Vaginal epithelial cells from 120 fecund women who were pregnant and/or diabetic had a greater propensity to bind C. albicans than did 71 oral contraceptive users and 75 non-pregnant, non-diabetic controls. The highest level of adherence occurred in pregnant diabetic women. Among 48 non-diabetic postmenopausal females, C. albicans adherence was lower than for fecund controls, but it was higher for cells from 33 postmenopausal diabetic women. The hormonal status of the fecund and postmenopausal women was assayed cytologically by the Karyopyknotic and Maturation Indices, which determine the ratios of superficial, intermediate and parabasal vaginal epithelial cells. Our findings point to increased C. albicans adherence in situations where there is an increase in the number of intermediate epithelial cells: pregnancy, the first or fourth weeks of the menstrual cycle, or diabetes. The adherence of 41 C. albicans isolates from patients with vaginitis was significantly higher than that of 36 isolates from asymptomatic carriers.
DETECTION OF HIDDEN EXPLOSIVES ON PASSENGER AIRCRAFT USING HAND SEARCHERS, BIO-SENSORS AND VAPOUR DETECTORS (1977)

A series of tests was carried out to assess the effectiveness of current vapor sensing technology as an aid in detecting concealed explosives on board passenger aircraft. An examination is made of the results obtained from these and other related experiments, and possible areas of R&D to improve the usefulness of electronic search aids are suggested. Also discussed are means of improving the effectiveness of trained dogs for searching. Recommendations are also offered aimed at optimizing aircraft search procedures.
Effects of fluorine on structure, structural relaxation, and absorption edge in silica glass (2002)

The effects of fluorine (F) doping on silica glass structure, structural relaxations, and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) absorption edge were investigated by the infrared and vacuum ultraviolet absorption measurements. Linewidth of 2260 cm−1 absorption band, which is one of the good indicators of structural disorder, decreases proportionally to the fictive temperature (Tf). On the other hand, it is irrespective of F concentration. Structural relaxations are strongly stimulated by F doping. The transparency near the absorption edge depends on both F concentration and Tf. When Tf is constant, absorption edge shifts to a shorter wavelength proportionally to the F concentration. These results strongly suggest that there are two main factors that control the VUV absorption edge of F-doped silica glass; band gap widening by increasing Si–F bond and reduction of structural disorder. The latter factor is not directly caused by structural change by F doping. F enhances the structural relaxation, and it is easy to obtain samples with lower Tf, resulting in reducing structural disorder. Furthermore, a way to determine Tf of F-doped silica glass is offered.
Detection of <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> DNA in Museum Specimens of <i>Ixodes dammini</i> Ticks (1990)

In order to investigate the potential for Borrelia burgdorferi infection before the recognition of Lyme disease as a clinical entity, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to examine museum specimens of Ixodes dammini (deer ticks) for the presence of spirochete-specific DNA sequences. One hundred and thirty-six archival tick specimens were obtained representing various continental U.S. locations; DNA sequences characteristic of modern day isolates of B. burgdorferi were detected in 13 1940s specimens from Montauk Point and Hither Hills, Long Island, New York. Five archival specimens of Dermacentor variabilis (dog tick) from the same collection and 118 Ixodes specimens from other endemic and nonendemic sites were negative. These data suggest that the appearance of the Lyme disease spirochete in suitable arthropod vectors preceded, by at least a generation, the formal recognition of this disease as a clinical entity in the United States.
Deuterium tracer study on the effect of carbon monoxide on the selective hydrogenation of acetylene over palladium/alumina (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDeuterium tracer study on the effect of carbon monoxide on the selective hydrogenation of acetylene over palladium/aluminaYeung H. Park and Geoffrey L. PriceCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1991, 30, 8, 1693–1699Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00056a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00056a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views210Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Simultaneous ambient air motion and raindrop size distributions retrieved from UHF vertical incident profiler observations (2002)

The raindrop size distribution is a fundamental quantity used to describe the characteristics of rain. Vertically pointing Doppler radar profilers are well suited to retrieve the raindrop size distributions because of their operating frequency and data collection methodology. Doppler radar profilers operating at UHF are sensitive to both Bragg scattering from the radio refractive index of turbulence and Rayleigh scattering from distributed targets. During light precipitation, both scattering processes are resolved in the Doppler velocity spectra. During moderate to heavy precipitation the ambient air motion is not resolved in the Doppler velocity spectra. The sans air motion (SAM) model is introduced in this study and uses only the Rayleigh scattering portion of the Doppler velocity spectrum to estimate the ambient vertical air motion, the spectral broadening, and the raindrop size distribution. The SAM model was applied to 915 MHz profiler observations in central Florida. There was good agreement between the SAM‐model‐retrieved rain rate and mass‐weighted mean diameter at an altitude of 300 m with simultaneous surface disdrometer observations. The SAM model was applied to the profile of Doppler velocity spectra to yield estimates of rain rate, mass weighted mean diameter, and ambient vertical air motion from 300 m to just under the melting level at 4 km.
DDAVP enhances platelet adherence and platelet aggregate growth on human artery subendothelium (1984)

The effect of intravenous 1-deamino (8-D-arginine)vasopressin (DDAVP) administration on platelet interaction with human artery subendothelium was investigated with flowing blood from five normal individuals and 12 patients with von Willebrand's disease (vWD). Three of the patients were diagnosed as vWD subtype I, four as subtype IIa, and five as subtype IIb. DDAVP administration to normals enhanced platelet adherence, in parallel with increasing plasma levels of factor VIII-related antigen ( FVIIIR :Ag) and ristocetin cofactor activity ( FVIIIR :RCF). Platelet aggregate formation was transiently increased within 90 minutes. Platelet adherence in patient blood before DDAVP infusion was subnormal. In patients with subtype I, administration of DDAVP normalized the bleeding time, enhanced the platelet adherence, and transiently improved the platelet aggregate formation. The platelet adherence was more corrected than would have been expected on the basis of the FVIIIR :Ag and FVIIIR :RCF levels. In patients with subtype IIa, infusion of DDAVP increased the FVIIIR :Ag levels approximately threefold, without affecting the FVIIIR :RCF levels, and in only two of four patients was a transiently enhanced platelet adherence with a corresponding shortening of the bleeding time observed. In patients with subtype IIb, administration of DDAVP increased the FVIIIR :Ag levels about threefold and the FVIIIR :RCF levels five to tenfold, but decreased the platelet adherence significantly. The bleeding time values were not normalized. A close association between the bleeding time values and corresponding platelet adherence values before and after DDAVP infusion was observed. Normalization of the bleeding time was paralleled with normalization of platelet adherence. We conclude that DDAVP improves the primary hemostasis by causing enhanced FVIII-vWF-mediated platelet adherence. DDAVP has little or no effect on the bleeding time in patients with subtype IIa and subtype IIb, because the platelet adherence is not normalized.