gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Common problems in waste gas management. (1991)

This article is the sixth in a series designed to help nurse anesthetists appreciate the clinical applications of equipment and monitoring systems. A brief overview of waste gas management is presented, as well as a description of the anesthesia machine's waste gas interface valve, how it is designed to function, clinical problems that have led to incidents, types of vacuum systems, and how to test and verify the functioning of the system before use.
Paternal Exposure to Mercury and Spontaneous Abortions (1992)

CORDIER, SYLVAINE; DEPLAN, FRANÇOIS; MANDEREAU, LAURENCE; HEMON, DENIS Author Information
A 4 tesla/1 meter superferric MRI magnet (1991)

Superferric technology was first applied to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) magnets in 1986 with the design and construction of a 4-T/30-cm magnet. In an evolutionary step, this technology is being applied to the development of a whole body 4-T/1-m magnet. The design goals and design parameters of this magnet are presented. The superconductor and spices are discussed, and a passive shimming technique is described.
Defibrillator failures. Causes of problems and recommendations for improvement. Defibrillator Working Group (1990)

The Defibrillator Working Group of the Food and Drug Administration reviewed data from the Medical Device Reporting System and a recent five-state survey, as well as information presented at two Food and Drug Administration-sponsored conferences. These data include 156 reports of defibrillator problems to the Emergency Care Research Institute Problem Reporting Network, 495 reports of device problems to the Medical Device Reporting System, 676 reports of "defibrillator failure" in the five-state survey, 594 inspections of in-service defibrillators, and site visits to 212 emergency care facilities. The Defibrillator Working Group concluded that the frequency of defibrillator failures during clinical use may be unacceptably high. While some failures are attributable to component malfunctions, evidence suggests that errors in operator use and errors in defibrillator care and maintenance account for a high proportion of defibrillator failures. Inadequate initial training and cursory continuing education increases the chances of operator errors at the moment when correct operation is needed most. Failure of operators to perform daily equipment checks leads to poor familiarity with the equipment and failure to identify component failures or damaged devices. Many defibrillators and batteries are kept in service beyond an expected useful life, given their level of clinical use. In smaller hospitals and emergency medical services systems periodic maintenance responsibilities are not always appropriately delegated between qualified engineering personnel and defibrillator operators, and some systems completely lack services from clinical engineers. The objectives of the Defibrillator Working Group are to make personnel who use defibrillators more aware of the potential for errors in operator performance and in periodic maintenance and to recommend improvements in training, maintenance, and defibrillator design. This article presents the initial observations and recommendations of the working group.
An Introduction to Clinical Emergency Medicine (2005)

Now with updated ACLS algorithms An Introduction to Clinical Emergency Medicine is a much-needed resource for individuals practicing in this challenging field. It takes a novel approach, describing in detail the best and most current methods including initial patient evaluation, generation of differential diagnoses, problem-solving and management of challenging conditions based on presenting symptoms. Unlike other textbooks, in which the diagnosis is known, this textbook approaches clinical problems as clinicians approach patients - without full knowledge of the final diagnosis. It provides an understanding of how to approach patients with undifferentiated conditions, ask the right questions, gather historical data, utilize physical examination skills and order and interpret laboratory and radiographic tests. It provides current management and disposition strategies with controversies presented, including pearls and summary points for each topic covered. The book is multi-author, each contributor chosen because of a track record in teaching as well as being internationally recognised experts in the specialty.
Surpassing the Diffraction-limit of Digital Imaging Systems using Sinusoidal Illumination Patterns (2009)

This work presents experimental evidence on surpassing the diffraction-limit of digital imaging systems using sinusoidal illumination patterns. Unique contributions of the work include aliasing-management and the notion of incoherent spatial bandpass filtering using sinusoidal modulation.
Dynamics of a flexible loop in dihydrofolate reductase from Escherichia coli and its implication for catalysis (1994)

Apo-dihydrofolate reductase from Escherichia coli samples two distinct environments slowly on the NMR time scale at room temperature. Several assigned resonances belong to residues in, or proximal to, a loop (loop I) which is comprised of residues 9-24. This exchange process was altered (either removed or made fast on the NMR time scale) by deleting three hairpin turn forming residues from the loop and filling the gap with a single glycine [Li, L., Falzone, C. J., Wright, P. E., & Benkovic, S. J. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 7826-7833]. An approximate value of 35 s-1 for the exchange rate associated with loop I in apo-DHFR was obtained in two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser spectra by analyzing the time dependence of the cross-peak volume for N epsilon H of Trp-22, a residue which is located in this loop and which has resolved cross-peaks. Owing to the critical role that this loop plays in catalysis, the correspondence between this rate of conformational exchange and off-rates for tetrahydrofolate and the reduced nicotinamide cofactor from product and substrate complexes suggests that loop movement may be a limiting factor in substrate turnover.
Omapatrilat Reduces Pulse Pressure and Proximal Aortic Stiffness in Patients With Systolic Hypertension (2002)

Greater reductions in pulse pressure and Z(c) in hypertensive subjects treated with omapatrilat compared with enalapril suggest that aortic stiffness is maintained by specific, partially reversible mechanisms and underscore a potential role for pharmacological modulation of natriuretic peptides in the treatment of hypertension.
An autoradiographic examination of the central distribution of the trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagal nerves in the monkey (1979)

The central distributions of primary afferent axons in cranial nerves V, VII, IX, and X have been re-examined autoradiographically after 3H-proline injections into their peripheral ganglia. Fiber-labeling after subtotal injections of the trigeminal ganglion, besides confirming earlier classical descriptions, suggests that trigeminal fibers of the ophthalmic and mandibular (but not maxillary) branches enter the ventrolateral part of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST). Injection of VII's geniculate ganglion labels fibers which both ascend and descend upon reaching NST. The ascending fibers distribute in a compact and circumscribed zone immediately dorsal to the spinal V nucleus as far rostral as the caudal pole of the principal trigeminal nucleus. The descending fibers distribute to the lateral NST rostral to the level at which X joins the solitary tract. For a short distance caudal to this level, sparse label is confined to a small part of lateral NST ventral to the solitary tract, which corresponds to the zone receiving direct trigeminal afferents. Fiber-labeling after injections of the ganglia of nerves IX and X suggest the following. Although, upon reaching NST, a few fibers of either IX or X ascend as far rostrally as had those of VII, both have a much larger descending component which distributes to more caudal levels of NST. Most of IX's axons appear to end in the lateral NST; only a few travel as far as the obex. Fibers of X, on the other hand, are abundant in the medial and commissural parts of NST. Moreover, only X appears to have a crossed projection in the commissural nucleus and caudal portion of the contralateral NST. A few fibers of vagal origin also appear to enter the area postrema. Whereas fibers of X appear to constitute the solitary tract, few if any fibers of VII or IX travel within that fascicle. A significant descending components of labeled fibers appears in the spinal V tract when the superior ganglion of either IX or X is injected. These fibers distribute mainly in the pars caudalis of the spinal V nucleus and, to a lesser degree, the cuneate nucleus.
Cannabis sativa: volatile compounds from pollen and entire male and female plants of two variants, Northern Lights and Hawaian Indica (2005)

Sixty-eight compounds were identified by coupled gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in the chemosphere of Cannabis sativa L. pollen and entire male and female plants of two cultivated varieties, Northern Lights and Hawaian Indica. Twenty-one and 28 substances, respectively, were present in pollen of the two forms. To conserve the natural composition of volatiles a delicate headspace method was employed. The two varieties represent different chemotypes which distinguish themselves, in the main quantitatively, in the setup of volatiles from pollen and entire male and female plants. Twenty compounds were monoterpenes, including the five major components: bmyrcene (E)-b-ocimene, terpinolene, b-pinene and limonene; 25 were sesquiterpenes, and the other 23 were of mixed biogenetic origin, including 3-methyl-1-butanol and benzylalcohol which occurred only in pollen; two pyrazines occurred only in Northern Lights females. Besides being of interest in natural products chemistry, the results should have relevance for plant systematics and for the pharmaceutical and technical applications of Cannabis. We demonstrate that the pollen has a distinct chemical character in possessing two exclusive volatiles, while lacking seven compounds occurring in males and females of both variants.
Quantitative assessment of carotid plaque surface irregularities and correlation to cerebrovascular symptoms (2013)

Quantitative assessment of carotid plaque surface irregularities using a novel SII parameter correlates with the presence ipsilateral hemispheric cerebrovascular symptoms and may increase diagnostic performance beyond that provided by the degree of stenosis.
Investigating classification for natural language processing tasks (2021)

This report investigates the application of classification techniques to four natural language processing (NLP) tasks. The classification paradigm falls within the family of statistical and machine learning (ML) methods and consists of a framework within which a mechanical ‘learner’ induces a functional mapping between elements drawn from a particular sample space and a set of designated target classes. It is applicable to a wide range of NLP problems and has met with a great deal of success due to its flexibility and firm theoretical foundations. The first task we investigate, topic classification, is firmly established within the NLP/ML communities as a benchmark application for classification research. Our aim is to arrive at a deeper understanding of how class granularity affects classification accuracy and to assess the impact of representational issues on different classification models. Our second task, content-based spam filtering, is a highly topical application for classification techniques due to the ever-worsening problem of unsolicited email. We assemble a new corpus and formulate a state-of-the-art classifier based on structured language model components. Thirdly, we introduce the problem of anonymisation, which has received little attention to date within the NLP community. We define the task in terms of obfuscating potentially sensitive references to real world entities and present a new publicly-available benchmark corpus. We explore the implications of the subjective nature of the problem and present an interactive model for anonymising large quantities of data based on syntactic analysis and active learning. Finally, we investigate the task of hedge classification, a relatively new application which is currently of growing interest due to the expansion of research into the application of NLP techniques to scientific literature for information extraction. A high level of annotation agreement is obtained using new guidelines and a new benchmark corpus is made publicly available. As part of our investigation, we develop a probabilistic model for training data acquisition within a semi-supervised learning framework which is explored both theoretically and experimentally. Throughout the report, many common themes of fundamental importance to classification for NLP are addressed, including sample representation, performance evaluation, learning model selection, linguistically-motivated feature engineering, corpus construction and real-world application.
Authentication of Canned Tuna and Bonito by Sequence and Restriction Site Analysis of Polymerase Chain Reaction Products of Mitochondrial DNA (1996)

Methods of authenticating already canned fish were developed, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by sequencing and restriction site analysis. The canning process degrades DNA to fewer than 123 base pairs (bp) in length. Therefore, degenerate PCR primers were designed to amplify short (<123 bp) mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences known to differ at specific nucleotides among the species of interest. Sequences of canned tuna (Thunnus albacares, Thuunus alalunga, and Katsuwonus pelamis), bonito (Euthynnus affinis), and frigate mackerel (Auxis thazard) were reproducibly identified, and were used to determine which species or whether more than one species was present in individual cans. Restriction site analysis of two amplified regions of the cytochrome b gene demonstrated a faster and less expensive method than sequencing for distinguishing PCR products of different species. Thus, restriction site analysis of PCR products can be used in conjunction with sequencing to authenticate species in canned fish products. Keywords: Polymerase chain reaction; authentication; fish; tuna; bonito; Thunnus; Katsuwonus; Euthynnus; mitochondrial DNA; cytochrome b gene
A Hierarchical Load-Balancing Framework for Dynamic Multithreaded Computations (1998)

High-level parallel programming models that support dynamic fine-grained threads in a global object space, are becoming increasingly popular for expressing irregular applications based on sophisticated adaptive algorithms and pointer-based data structures. However, implementing these multithreaded computations on scalable parallel machines poses significant challenges, particularly with respect to load-balancing. Load-balancing techniques must simultaneously incur low overhead to support fine-grained threads as well as be sophisticated enough to preserve data locality and thread execution priority.This paper presents a hierarchical framework which addresses these conflicting goals by viewing the computation as being made up of different thread subsets, each of which are load-balanced independently. In contrast to previous processor-centric approaches that have advocated the use of a uniform policy for load-balancing all threads in a computation, our framework allows each thread subset to be load-balanced using a policy most suited to its characteristics (e.g., locality or priority sensitivity). The framework consists of two parts: (i) language support which permits a programmer or the compiler to tag different thread subsets with appropriate policies, and (ii) run-time support which synthesizes overall application load-balance by composing these individual policies.This framework has been implemented in the Illinois Concert runtime system, an implementation platform for fine-grained concurrent object-oriented languages. Results for four large irregular applications on the Cray T3D and the SGI Origin 2000 demonstrate advantages of the hierarchical framework: performance improves by up to an order of magnitude as compared to using a uniform load-balancing policy.
Comparison of the performance of the activPAL™ Professional physical activity logger to a discrete accelerometer-based activity monitor (2006)

The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of the 'activPAL Professional' physical activity logger by comparing its output to that of a proven discrete accelerometer-based activity monitor during extended measurements on healthy subjects while performing activities of daily living (ADL). Ten healthy adults, with unrestricted mobility, wore both the activPAL and the discrete dual accelerometer (Analog Devices ADXL202)-based activity monitor that recorded in synchronization with each other. The accelerometer derived data were then compared to that generated by the activPAL and a complete statistical and error analysis was performed using a Matlab program. This program determined trunk and thigh inclination angles to distinguish between sitting/lying, standing and stepping for the discrete accelerometer device and amount of time spent on each activity. Analysis was performed on a second-by-second basis and then categorized at 15s intervals in direct comparison with the activPAL generated data. Of the total time monitored (approximately 60 h) the detection accuracies for static and dynamic activities were approximately 98%. In a population of healthy adults, the data obtained from the activPAL Professional physical activity logger for both static and dynamic activities showed a close match to a proven discrete accelerometer data with an offset of approximately 2% between the two systems.
Immobilizing Highly Catalytically Active Noble Metal Nanoparticles on Reduced Graphene Oxide: A Non-Noble Metal Sacrificial Approach (2014)

In this work, we have developed a non-noble metal sacrificial approach for the first time to successfully immobilize highly dispersed AgPd nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide (RGO). The Co3(BO3)2 co-precipitated with AgPd nanoparticles and subsequently sacrificed by acid etching effectively prevents the primary AgPd particles from aggregation. The resulted ultrafine AgPd nanoparticles exhibit the highest activity (turnover frequency, 2739 h(-1) at 323 K) among all the heterogeneous catalysts for the dehydrogenation of formic acid to generate hydrogen without CO impurity. The sacrificial approach opens up a new avenue for the development of high-performance metal nanocatalysts.
Microarray Analysis Reveals Characteristic Changes of Host Cell Gene Expression in Response to Attenuated Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Infection of Human HeLa Cells (2004)

The potential use of the modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) strain as a live recombinant vector to deliver antigens and elicit protective immune responses against infectious diseases demands a comprehensive understanding of the effect of MVA infection on human host gene expression. We used microarrays containing more than 15,000 human cDNAs to identify gene expression changes in human HeLa cell cultures at 2, 6, and 16 h postinfection. Clustering of the 410 differentially regulated genes identified 11 discrete gene clusters with altered expression patterns after MVA infection. Clusters 1 and 2 (accounting for 16.59% [68 of 410] of the genes) contained 68 transcripts showing a robust induction pattern that was maintained during the course of infection. Changes in cellular gene transcription detected by microarrays after MVA infection were confirmed for selected genes by Northern blot analysis and by real-time reverse transcription-PCR. Upregulated transcripts in clusters 1 and 2 included 20 genes implicated in immune responses, including interleukin 1A (IL-1A), IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, and IL-15 genes. MVA infection also stimulated the expression of NF-kappaB and components of the NF-kappaB signal transduction pathway, including p50 and TRAF-interacting protein. A marked increase in the expression of histone family members was also induced during MVA infection. Expression of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome family members WAS, WASF1, and the small GTP-binding protein RAC-1, which are involved in actin cytoskeleton reorganization, was enhanced after MVA infection. This study demonstrates that MVA infection triggered the induction of groups of genes, some of which may be involved in host resistance and immune modulation during virus infection.
Combined Genome and Transcriptome Analysis of Single Disseminated Cancer Cells from Bone Marrow of Prostate Cancer Patients Reveals Unexpected Transcriptomes (2014)

Bone is the most frequent site of metastasis in prostate cancer and patients with bone metastases are deemed incurable. Targeting prostate cancer cells that disseminated to the bone marrow before surgery and before metastatic outgrowth may therefore prevent lethal metastasis. This prompted us to directly analyze the transcriptome of disseminated cancer cells (DCC) isolated from patients with nonmetastatic (UICC stage M0) prostate cancer. We screened 105 bone marrow samples of patients with M0-stage prostate cancer and 18 bone marrow samples of patients without malignancy for the presence of EpCAM(+) single cells. In total, we isolated 270 cells from both groups by micromanipulation and globally amplified their mRNA. We used targeted transcriptional profiling to unambiguously identify DCCs for subsequent in-depth analysis. Transcriptomes of all cells were examined for the expression of EPCAM, KRT8, KRT18, KRT19, KRT14, KRT6a, KRT5, KLK3 (PSA), MAGEA2, MAGEA4, PTPRC (CD45), CD33, CD34, CD19, GYPC, SCL4A1 (band 3), and HBA2. Using these transcripts, we found it impossible to reliably identify true DCCs. We then applied combined genome and transcriptome analysis of single cells and found that EpCAM(+) cells from controls expressed transcripts thought to be epithelial-specific, whereas true DCCs may express hematopoietic transcripts. These results point to an unexpected transcriptome plasticity of epithelial cancer cells in bone marrow and question common transcriptional criteria to identify DCCs.
[The enteral absorption of iron (II) from humic acid-iron complexes in suckling piglets using radiolabeled iron (59Fe)]. (1990)

Bioavailability of iron (II) bounded as a chelate to macromolecular humic acids was investigated in two different concentrations using retention rates of 59Fe in piglets (age: 24 h). Investigations period was from 3 hrs. to 21 days following application. 21 days after a single oral application of the humic-acid-iron-complexes, 25% of the total Fe was detected in the animal, distributed in the erythrocytes (80%), muscles and bones (8% respectively) and liver (4%). For the first time in veterinary medicine these results enable a combined therapy of enteric and iron-deficiency syndrome by using only one drug. Recommendation for dosing is provided.
<title>Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and their photonic application</title> (1997)

THe fabrication of tunable optical devices by using Si free- space micro-optics and Ni micromirrors has demonstrated the applicability of MEMS technologies to photonic devices. Compact, multi-functional, assembly-free, micro-optical systems have been developed by using MEMS technologies to integrate optical devices and micromechanics onto the same wafer. A high aspect-ratio Si plate which works as a beam splitter has been fabricated using Si micromachining. A tunable laser diode with an external Si mirror has been fabricated and shown to have wavelength tunability. A Ni micromirror with comb-drive actuator has been developed and applied it to both a tunable optical filter and a tunable laser diode. Due to the precise motion of the micromirror, accurate optical tunability has been obtained.