gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Layer-by-layer structured films of TiO<sub>2</sub>nanoparticles and poly(acrylic acid) on electrospun nanofibres (2004)

We report a new approach for fabricating layer-by-layer (LBL) structured ultrathin hybrid films on electrospun nanofibres. Oppositely charged anatase TiO2 nanoparticles and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) were alternately deposited on the surface of negatively charged cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibres using the electrostatic LBL self-assembly technique. The fibrous mats were characterized by wide-angle x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area techniques. The crystalline phase of anatase TiO2 remained unchanged in the resultant TiO2/PAA films coated on CA fibrous mats. Moreover, the TiO2/PAA film coated fibres showed rough surfaces with grains due to the deposition of aggregated TiO2 particles. The average diameter of the fibres increased from 344 to 584 nm and the BET surface area of the fibrous mats increased from 2.5 to 6.0 m2 g−1 after coating with five bilayers of TiO2/PAA films.
Research of Air Cathodes for Aluminum Air Batteries (2004)

Abstract : The dismounted marine currently uses portable power systems mainly for radio communications, however the future will require a wide range of portable power systems for an electronics rich environment. The marine is already burdened with traditional equipment and the addition of new equipment will likely add to this load. This places a premium on reducing the weight of the power sources to maintain the mobility and effectiveness during combat. This need for lightweight power sources is the catalyst for developing higher energy density (Wh/kg) power sources. Current power source requirements are met with the LiSO2 (EA-5590) primary batteries and any possible substitute power sources shall be compared to this baseline. A power source that offers promise in this application is the Aluminum-air system (for the chemistry see the Appendix). This system actually has a higher energy density than the LiSO2 system and could be significantly higher, if a larger portion of its theoretical energy density could be realized. The system displays a significant difference between the practical and theoretical energy densities. Part of the inefficiency is due to the difference in the theoretical Al-air voltage (2.7V) and the practical operating Al-air voltage (1.35V). The goal of this program was to improve the practical energy density of the Al-air system, The focus of this Phase I program was to identify and evaluate alternative cathode materials to reduce this difference between the practical and theoretical energy density of the aluminum anode. Several new air cathodes were developed using different catalysts and carbons. These new cathodes were characterized and then discharged in actual aluminum air cells. One new air cathode formulation performed better than our existing cathode. The new Vulcan cathode performed better than the existing Mn cathode at the current densities of 5 and 10 mA/sq cm with an improvement as high as 21%.
Role of PARP inhibitors in TN advanced breast cancer (2011)

Epithelial carcinomas are in general diseases occurring as a result of the acquisition of and selection for multiple mutations in a parental somatic cell clone within the tissues of the primary tumours organ of origin. In the last two decades the role of genome caretakers, which function in key areas of the DNA damage response, have been recognized as important tumour suppressor genes. Inactivating mutations in these genes occur as germline and /or as somatic mutations, and there is increasing evidence of epigenetic silencing of genome caretakers. In either event, loss of function in a tumour cell pre-cursor clone leads to accelerated mutation acquisition and underpins the etiology of the tumour. As an understanding of the complex network that is the DNA damage response matures additional roles for signaling pathways, already recognized to be central to the establishment of the cancer phenotype, as controllers of DNA repair are being discovered. This has relevance to identification of wider populations of patients with tumours susceptible to approaches that target DNA repair deficiency. These have classically been with DNA damaging chemotherapy but recently the development of small molecule inhibitors of DNA repair enzymes such as Poly-ADP polymerases PARP-1 and PARP-2 have been shown to target deficiencies in DNA repair as well as sensitize to DNA damaging therapeutics such as radiation and chemotherapy. Early phase trials with efficacy endpoints have been presented for the PARP inhibitors AG014699, olaparib, veliparib, MK4827 and the novel agent iniparib. The results of the first phase II trials that explore monotherapy PARP inhibitor strategies, based on revisiting the concept of synthetic lethality, have emerged and will be reviewed. PARP inhibitors are also being explored as sensitizers to DNA damaging therapies in both phase II and recent phase III trials. The clinical trials that have or are exploring combinations with DNA damaging therapy in these contexts will be discussed with particular reference to breast cancer. I will then discuss biomarkers that have been proposed and are being investigated to develop optimum drug schedule and optimize patient selection for these DNA repair targeting approaches.
Local Structure and Bonding of Transition Metal Dopants in Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> Topological Insulator Thin Films (2015)

Transition metal (TM) doped topological insulators have been the focus of many recent studies since they exhibit exotic quantum and magneto-electric effects, and offer the prospect of potential applications in spintronic devices. Here we report a systematic study of the local electronic and structural environment using X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) in TM (=Cr, Mn, and Fe) doped Bi2Se3 thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Analysis of the TM K-edge XAFS reveals a divalent character for Cr, Mn, and Fe when substituting Bi in the films, despite the trivalent character of the Bi. All dopants occupy octahedral sites in the Bi2Se3 lattice, which agrees with substitutional incorporation onto the Bi sites. With the incorporation of TM dopants a local structural relaxation of the Bi2Se3 lattice is observed, which strengthens the covalent character of the TM–Se bond. The presence of additional phases and interstitial incorporation for the Mn and Fe dopants is also observed, even at low concentrations.
Voltage-dependent Changes of TRPV6-mediated Ca2+ Currents (2004)

The physiological role and activation mechanism for most proteins of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family are unknown. This is also the case for the highly Ca(2+) selective transient receptor potential vanilloid type 6 (TRPV6) channel. Patch clamp experiments were performed on transiently transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells to address this issue. Currents were recorded under various conditions of intracellular Ca(2+) buffering and monitored at the same voltage throughout. No TRPV6-mediated Ca(2+) entry was detected under in vivo Ca(2+) buffering conditions at a slightly negative holding potential; however, moderate depolarization resulted in current activation. Very similar results were obtained with different Ca(2+) chelators, either EGTA or BAPTA dialyzing the cell. TRPV6 channel activity showed a negative correlation with the intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) and was modulated by the membrane potential: Hyperpolarization decreases and depolarization increases TRPV6-mediated currents. Monovalent ions permeated TRPV6 channels in the absence of extracellular divalent cations. These currents were resistant to changes in the holding potential while the negative correlation to the [Ca(2+)](i) was conserved, indicating that the voltage-dependent current changes depend on blocking and unblocking the charge carrier Ca(2+) within the pore. In summary, these results suggest that the voltage dependence of TRPV6-mediated Ca(2+) influx is of physiological importance since it occurs at cytosolic Ca(2+) buffering and takes place within a physiologically relevant membrane potential range.
Randomized Clinical Trial of Aspirin and Simvastatin for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2011)

Neither aspirin nor simvastatin had a significant effect on the 6-minute walk distance, although patients randomized to simvastatin tended to have a lower 6-minute walk distance at 6 months. These results do not support the routine treatment of patients with PAH with these medications.
Sensorless Direct Flux and Torque Control for Direct Drive washing machine applications (2011)

The paper deals with a Direct Flux and Torque Control (DFTC) scheme for motion sensorless Direct Drive (DD) washing machine applications employing Surface Mount (SM) Permanent Magnet (PM) motors. This solution provides very good performance under current and voltage limitations and represents a viable alternative for washing machine applications. Complete experimental results, obtained on a DD washer prototype, are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed solution.
Metabolism of the cancer chemopreventive agent curcumin in human and rat intestine. (2002)

Curcumin, the yellow pigment in turmeric, prevents malignancies in the intestinal tract of rodents. It is under clinical evaluation as a potential colon cancer chemopreventive agent. The systemic bioavailability of curcumin is low, perhaps attributable, at least in part, to metabolism. Indirect evidence suggests that curcumin is metabolized in the intestinal tract. To investigate this notion further, we explored curcumin metabolism in subcellular fractions of human and rat intestinal tissue, compared it with metabolism in the corresponding hepatic fractions, and studied curcumin metabolism in situ in intact rat intestinal sacs. Analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography, with detection at 420 or 280 nm, permitted characterization of curcumin conjugates and reduction products. Chromatographic inferences were corroborated by mass spectrometry. Curcumin glucuronide was identified in intestinal and hepatic microsomes, and curcumin sulfate, tetrahydrocurcumin, and hexahydrocurcumin were found as curcumin metabolites in intestinal and hepatic cytosol from humans and rats. The extent of curcumin conjugation was much greater in intestinal fractions from humans than in those from rats, whereas curcumin conjugation was less extensive in hepatic fractions from humans than in those from rats. The curcumin-reducing ability of cytosol from human intestinal and liver tissue exceeded that observed with the corresponding rat tissue by factors of 18 and 5, respectively. Curcumin sulfate was identified in incubations of curcumin with intact rat gut sacs. Curcumin was sulfated by human phenol sulfotransferase isoenzymes SULT1A1 and SULT1A3. Equine alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzed the reduction of curcumin to hexahydrocurcumin. The results show that curcumin undergoes extensive metabolic conjugation and reduction in the gastrointestinal tract and that there is more metabolism in human than in rat intestinal tissue. The pharmacological implications of the intestinal metabolism of curcumin should be taken into account in the design of future chemoprevention trials of this dietary constituent.
Bakers' yeast reduction of alkyl 6-chloro-3-oxohexanoates: synthesis of (R)-(+)-α-lipoic acid (1990)

A number of alkyl 6-chloro-3-oxohexanoates were synthesized and their reduction with bakers' yeast studied. The enantioselectivity of these reductions was found to be influenced by the nature of the ester alkoxy substituent. The ethyl ester was reduced to the (3R)-6-chloro-3-hydroxy-hexanoate (49% yield, 30% e.e.) while the octyl ester gave the (3S)-6-chloro-3-hydroxyhexanoate (62% yield, 90% e.e.). The latter product was then converted into (R)-(+)-α-lipoic acid, a cofactor in the biochemical decarboxylation of α-keto acids, via a sequence of seven steps.
Hthreads: A Computational Model for Reconfigurable Devices (2006)

Recent architectural advancements in reconfigurable devices have exposed the ability to support massive parallelism inside of small, low-cost, embedded devices. The massive parallelism inside of these reconfigurable devices has promised to bring an unprecedented level of performance to the embedded systems domain. However, the complexity of programming these reconfigurable devices is daunting - too daunting for the average programmer. This paper presents Hthreads. Hthreads is a computational architecture which aims to bridge the gap between regular programmers and powerful but complex reconfigurable devices. Hthreads accomplishes this goal using three layers of abstraction built upon standard reconfigurable devices: an operating system capable of supporting a diverse collection of computational models within a reconfigurable device, an intermediate form representation which eases the development of applications on reconfigurable devices, and support for high level languages which are familiar to most programmers
Bandits for Taxonomies: A Model-based Approach (2007)

We consider a novel problem of learning an optimal matching, in an online fashion, between two feature spaces that are organized as taxonomies. We formulate this as a multi-armed bandit problem where the arms of the bandit are dependent due to the structure induced by the taxonomies. We then propose a multi-stage hierarchical allocation scheme that improves the explore/exploit properties of the classical multi-armed bandit policies in this scenario. In particular, our scheme uses the taxonomy structure and performs shrinkage estimation in a Bayesian framework to exploit dependencies among the arms, thereby enhancing exploration without losing efficiency on short term exploitation. We prove that our scheme asymptotically converges to the optimal matching. We conduct extensive experiments on real data to illustrate the efficacy of our scheme in practice.
J. M. Synge 1891–1909. Revised edition. By David H. Greene and Edward M. Stephens. New York and London: New York University Press, 1989. Pp. xv + 372 + illus. $44.00. (1991)

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Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor 2/placental bikunin (HAI-2/PB) gene is frequently hypermethylated in human hepatocellular carcinoma. (2003)

To identify methylation-mediated silencing of genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we surveyed genes induced by treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) in six human hepatoma cell lines using cDNA microarray analysis and determined the methylation status of 5' CpG islands by bisulfite DNA sequencing or methylation-specific PCR. Fifty genes exhibited a >5-fold induction in response to treatment with 5-Aza-CdR in at least one of the hepatoma cell lines examined. Among these genes, the hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor 2/placental bikunin (HAI-2/PB) gene was maximally induced by 5-Aza-CdR in three of six cell lines studied (HLE, HuH7, and Hep3B). Bisulfite sequencing revealed that the 5' CpG island of this gene was densely methylated in HLE, HuH7, and Hep3B cells. After treatment with 5-Aza-CdR, re-expression and demethylation of HAI-2/PB gene were detected in these cells. These findings suggest that HAI-2/PB expression may be inappropriately repressed by promoter hypermethylation in HCC. Methylation-specific PCR analysis demonstrated that HAI-2/PB hypermethylation occurred in 21 of 26 HCC tumors (80.8%), whereas in the corresponding nontumorous liver tissues, it was found in 7 of 26 samples (26.9%). In addition, HAI-2/PB hypermethylation was not detected in any of the seven normal liver samples from individuals without HCC. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis demonstrated that promoter hypermethylation was associated with the reduced expression of the HAI-2/PB gene in HCC tumors. In conclusion, we have found that the HAI-2/PB gene is silenced by promoter hypermethylation in human hepatoma cells by means of cDNA microarray analysis after 5-Aza-CdR treatment, and that HAI-2/PB hypermethylation occurs frequently in primary HCC tumors.
Integrating Business Listings with Digital Maps for Use in Vehicles (1991)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Digital maps have been used in vehicles since 1985, primarily for navigation and driver guidance. A natural evolution in Advanced Driver Information Systems (ADIS) is the development of a variety of in-car computer application programs that will run on a reconfigurable display. Navigation will be one of the most -- if not the most -- significant menu item, along with such offerings as: business listings; tourist attractions; a personal database and dialing directory; and stored and real-time diagnostics information. These in turn will be augmented by other Intelligent Vehicle/Highway System (IVHS) services, such as real-time traffic and weather reporting [<span class="xref">1</span>].</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The integration of business listings with a digital map, and presentation of this amalgamated information to the driver is an important first step in the evolution of ADIS. In this paper we propose a user interface for accessing listings data, the organization of the map and listings data required to support such an interface, and the resulting requirements imposed upon the listings data itself.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Queries include standard text based searches such as locating a listing by name or by subject, along with geographic queries such as finding the nearest listing to a location for a given subject, and finding all listings within a given proximity to a location for display on a map.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Finally, the distinction between static and dynamic listings query is discussed. The advantage of dynamic listings are pointed out as well as its attendant implications to data structures.</div>
Recognizing and Locating Partially Visible Objects: The Local-Feature-Focus Method (1982)

A new method of locating partially visible two-dimensional objects is presented. The method is used to locate complex industrial parts that may contain several occurrences of local features, such as holes and corners. The matching process utilizes clusters of mutually consistent features to hypothesize objects and also uses templates of objects to verify these hypotheses. The technique is fast because it concentrates on key features that are automatically se lected on the basis of a detailed analysis of computer- aided design (CAD) models of the objects. The automatic analysis applies general-purpose routines for building and analyzing representations of clusters of local features that could be used in procedures to select features for other lo cational strategies. These routines include algorithms for computing the rotational and mirror symmetries of objects in terms of their local features.
The effect of pore pressure on the strength of low porosity crystalline rocks (1968)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, 1968.
Growth of High Aspect Ratio Nanometer-Scale Magnets with Chemical Vapor Deposition and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (1993)

A combination of chemical vapor deposition and scanning tunneling microscopy techniques have been used to produce nanometer-scale, iron-containing deposits with high aspect ratios from an iron pentacarbonyl precursor both on a substrate and on the tunneling tip itself. The structure and composition of the resulting nanodeposits were determined by transmission electron microscopy and high spatial resolution Auger electron spectroscopy. Either polycrystalline, relatively pure, body-centered-cubic iron or disordered carbon-rich material can be deposited, depending on the bias conditions of the tip sample junction and the precursor pressure. Two mechanisms of decomposition are inferred from the growth phenomenology.
Substrate Ambiguity of 3-Deoxy- <scp>d</scp> - <i>manno</i> -Octulosonate 8-Phosphate Synthase from <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> in the Context of Its Membership in a Protein Family Containing a Subset of 3-Deoxy- <scp>d</scp> - <i>arabino</i> -Heptulosonate 7-Phosphate Synthases (1998)

3-Deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate (KDOP) synthase and 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase catalyze similar phosphoenolpyruvate-utilizing reactions. The genome of Neisseria gonorrhoeae contains one gene encoding KDOP synthase and one gene encoding DAHP synthase. Of the two nonhomologous DAHP synthase families known, the N. gonorrhoeae protein belongs to the family I assemblage. KDOP synthase exhibited an ability to replace arabinose-5-P with either erythrose-4-P or ribose-5-P as alternative substrates. The results of periodate oxidation studies suggested that the product formed by KDOP synthase with erythrose-4-P as the substrate was 3-deoxy-D-ribo-heptulosonate 7-P, an isomer of DAHP. As expected, this product was not utilized as a substrate by dehydroquinate synthase. The significance of the ability of KDOP synthase to substitute erythrose-4-P for arabinose-5-P is (i) recognition of the possibility that the KDOP synthase might otherwise be mistaken for a species of DAHP synthase and (ii) the possibility that the broad-specificity type of KDOP synthase might be a relatively vulnerable target for antimicrobial agents which mimic the normal substrates. An analysis of sequences in the database indicates that the family I group of DAHP synthase has a previously unrecognized membership which includes the KDOP synthases. The KDOP synthases fall into a subfamily grouping which includes a small group of DAHP synthases. Thus, family I DAHP synthases separate into two subfamilies, one of which includes the KDOP synthases. The two subfamilies appear to have diverged prior to the acquisition of allosteric-control mechanisms for DAHP synthases. These allosteric control specificities are highly diverse and correlate with the presence of N-terminal extensions which lack homology with one another.
Anti-Hu antibodies in patients with small-cell lung cancer: association with complete response to therapy and improved survival. (1997)

The presence of HuAb at diagnosis of SCLC is a strong and independent predictor of complete response to treatment. This feature accounts for the association between HuAb and longer survival.
A novel model of adenine-induced tubulointerstitial nephropathy in mice (2013)

We present a novel, non-surgical method for induction of renal failure in mice. This is an important complement to existing uremic models for pathophysiological studies in acute and chronic kidney disease, especially in terms of tubulointerstitial lesions.
A proportional microvalve using a bi-stable magnetic actuator (2002)

A simple electromagnetic miniature valve was fabricated using a combination of a micromachined coil and a permanent magnet. The dimension of the valve including the actuator is about 5/spl times/5/spl times/5 mm, and the valve has a 0.5 mm valve cap displacement which significantly alleviates the clogging problem by using a bi-stable actuation of the magnet. The smallest controllable amount of water was 0.7 /spl mu/1/min, and flow rates through the valve less than 900 /spl mu/1/min can be continuously adjusted by a duty ratio control of driving current to the micro coil.