gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Postmenopausal Estrogen Use and Heart Disease Risk Factors in the 1980s (1989)

Postmenopausal estrogen use and risk factors for heart disease were assessed in 1057 women, aged 50 to 79 years, who were enrolled in an ongoing study of residents of an upper-middle-class community. From 1984 through 1987, thirty-one percent of the women reported current estrogen use, a rate equivalent to that determined in one survey of the same population done from 1972 through 1974. Compared with nonusers, current users did not have a more favorable cardiac risk factor profile before use, but users were more likely to have had a surgically induced menopause and to have been estrogen users during the survey done from 1972 through 1974. Similar to our earlier findings, current estrogen use was associated with lower weight, diastolic blood pressure, and fasting plasma glucose level than nonuse. Levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were inversely related to estrogen dose; levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were positively related to the duration of use. In this cross-sectional study, blood pressure and lipoprotein and plasma glucose levels were similar in women receiving estrogen alone and in women receiving combination estrogen and progestin therapy.
Lymph Node Evaluation for Colon Cancer in Routine Clinical Practice: A Population-Based Study (2017)

Despite a temporal increase in ln yield, the proportion of cases with ln positivity has not changed. Lymph node yield is associated with survival in patients with stages ii and iii colon cancer. The association between ln yield and survival is unlikely to be a result of stage migration.
What Moves, the Airplane or the World? (1972)

The literature pertaining to motion-relationship variables in the display of airplane flight attitude and steering commands and their effects upon pilot performance is reviewed. Factors considered include: (1) figure and ground relationships, (2) control-display relationships, (3) whether the airplane or the horizon is the moving element of the display, and (4) whether the presentation of steering commands results in pursuit or compensatory tracking. The frequency-separation principle is an unexplored approach to the solution of display motion relationship problems. A concluding set of requirements for future research is based on problems encountered in previous investigations of display motion relationships.
The design, synthesis and properties of highly potent and selective inhibitors of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 thymidine kinase. (1998)

The rational design and synthesis of nucleotide analogues as inhibitors of herpes simplex virus (HSV) thymidine kinase is described. Starting from thymidine, product analogues which included phosphates, phosphonates, sulphonates, sulphonamides and carboxamides were prepared. The carboxamide series showed good structure-activity relationships and afforded a lead structure which inhibited the HSV-2 enzyme in the low micromolar range. Replacing the 5-methyl group in thymidine by ethyl enhanced the potency of the lead structure 10-fold. Further optimization of the carboxamide moiety afforded inhibitors active in the sub-nanomolar range and finally the introduction of a 2'-beta-fluoro substituent improved the potency a further twofold. The low water solubility of the most potent inhibitor was overcome by conversion to the 3'-valyl ester, which had good oral bioavailability and showed activity by the oral route in murine models of infection.
HDTV Axi-Vision Camera (2002)

We have developed a high-definition TV three-dimensional camera (HDTV Axi-vision camera) that can simultaneously acquire both an HDTV color image and a high-resolution depth image of a scene. The depth detection system consists of intensity-modulated illuminators and a high-resolution CCD camera having an ultra-fast shutter utilizing a high-sensitivity image intensifier. The camera can detect the depth information on more than 920,000 pixels at a frame rate of 29.97 Hz or on 410,000 pixels at a frame rate of 59.94 Hz and output the depth image as an HDTV video signal. The HDTV Axi-vision camera is capable of selectively extracting the images of an object at a specific depth, and synthesizing them with other pictures in real time. Comparison of the depth information also enables the three-dimensional blending of camera images and computer-generated images. We demonstrated potential post-production applications of the HDTV Axi-vision camera in a virtual studio system.
Molecular genetic analysis of dormancy-related traits in poplars (2002)

We studied the molecular genetics of dormancy-related traits in an F2 family of poplar (Populus) hybrids derived from a cross between a northern genotype of black cottonwood and a southern genotype of eastern cottonwood by mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and candidate genes. Dormancy-related traits included timing of vegetative bud set, fall frost damage, chilling response, timing of vegetative bud flush, and winter survival under field conditions, as well as photoperiodic responses (timing of bud set and number of new leaves) in a warm greenhouse under either a uniform 8-h photoperiod or a naturally shortening photoperiod in the fall. QTL analyses were conducted using a linkage map consisting of AFLP, microsatellite, and candidate gene markers. The candidate genes were chosen because of their potential roles in either photoperiodic perception (PHYB1, PHYB2) or abscisic acid signal transduction (ABI1B, ABI1D, ABI3). Significant QTLs were detected for all dormancy-related traits, except for winter survival, which had a relatively low heritability compared with the other traits. Interestingly, half of the field bud set QTLs did not map near photoperiodic QTLs. This is consistent with the moderate genetic correlation between these traits (0.53 to 0.60) and suggests that genetic differences in photoperiodic responses play only a modest role in explaining genetic differences in the timing of bud set under field conditions. Except for ABI1D, each of the candidate genes tested mapped near one or more of the dormancy-related QTLs. We conclude that molecular markers and QTL analyses can be used to study the genetics of dormancy-related traits, to design more effective breeding programs, and to provide new insights into tree physiology.
Feedback-based real-time streaming over WiMax (2007)

The IEEE 802.16 standard (commonly known as WiMax) has emerged as one of the strongest contenders for broadband wireless access technology. At the same time, with the steady growth of real-time services such as voice over IP and video on demand, supporting delay sensitive streaming data over WiMax is becoming crucial. In this article we use commonly used techniques such as forward error correction (FEC) and automatic repeat request (ARQ) to support streaming services over WiMax without violating what has already been standardized. In particular, we look at the flexible features provided by media access control (MAC) layer of WiMax and exploit them for providing better streaming performance. We use the channel state information to dynamically construct the MAC packet data units. The sizes of these units are thusly determined such that the packet dropping probability is minimized without compromising the goodput. The simulation results presented show the performance enhancements of the proposed ARQ-enabled adaptive algorithm for streaming data
Quasi-Cyclic LDPC Codes Based on Pre-Lifted Protographs (2014)

Quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes based on protographs are of great interest to code designers because analysis and implementation are facilitated by the protograph structure and the use of circulant permutation matrices for protograph lifting. However, these restrictions impose undesirable fixed upper limits on important code parameters, such as minimum distance and girth. In this paper, we consider an approach to constructing QC-LDPC codes that uses a two-step lifting procedure based on a protograph, and, by following this method instead of the usual one-step procedure, we obtain improved minimum distance and girth properties. We also present two new design rules for constructing good QC-LDPC codes using this two-step lifting procedure, and in each case, we obtain a significant increase in minimum distance and achieve a certain guaranteed girth compared with one-step circulant-based liftings. The expected performance improvement is verified by simulation results.
Chemical insights into dodecylamine spore lethal germination (2014)

Investigations into dodecylamine spore lethal germination mechanism shed light on the design of future antispore molecules.
Genome-wide analysis of the rice and arabidopsis non-specific lipid transfer protein (nsLtp) gene families and identification of wheat nsLtp genes by EST data mining (2008)

Our current study provides fundamental information on the organization of the rice, arabidopsis and wheat nsLtp gene families. The multiplicity of nsLTP types provide new insights on arabidopsis, rice and wheat nsLtp gene families and will strongly support further transcript profiling or functional analyses of nsLtp genes. Until such time as specific physiological functions are defined, it seems relevant to categorize plant nsLTPs on the basis of sequence similarity and/or phylogenetic clustering.
Polarization-Based Method for Object Surface Orientation Information in Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging (2015)

Surface orientation information is essential to depicting the 3-D structure of an object. This paper analyzes the linear polarization characteristics of several typical objects by simulations and measurements. Then, a polarization-based method is presented to acquire the object surface orientation information from three different linear polarization brightness temperature images by using a 94-GHz imaging radiometer. The experiments are conducted outside, where a wooden plate is placed obliquely on a metal box. Experimental results indicate that our method is capable of achieving the surface orientation information that is beneficial to recognizing the object. This method suggests possible applications for terrain models and object detections.
MEDICINE IN PERSIA* (1916)

IF the medical historian could have access to the present day medical books in Persia, together with some of their older works which are to be found here and there, he ought to get much light on the old Arabic medicine and the beginnings of our own medical history.The Persians still cling to their own Arabic books.It seems to be a common idea among them that those of the older generations were the better physicians and that change is to be decried.Plato is their ideal practitioner than whom the world has seen no better, except Jesus.They tell the story that Plato, who, they say, lived in the time of Christ, travelled to Palestine to observe his works, and confessed that Jesus must be a prophet with superhuman power because hie miracles were so far beyond anything that he (Plato) could do.Another story told about Plato is that he became so proficient that by feeling the pulse he could make the necessary diagnosis and prescribe treatment.In fact, he became so proficient that in an emergency they tied a, string about the patient's wrist and carried the other end to the doctor!With such ideas current, the modern Western physician who uses a watch to count the pulse and begins to ask various questions, is put down by many of the ignorant as of doubtful ability or excessively peculiar.The Persian still considers fire, water and air the physical elements, and that the health of the body depends upon four humours-blood, bile, mucus and the splenic.fluid.Biliousness is due to excess of gall; eczema and various skin disorders to splenic disorder ; asthma, dyspncea, etc., to excess of mucus, while the idea of excess of blood leads to frequent bleedings.In fact, many people are bled annually as a health precau-
Opinion Mining in Newspapers for a Media Response Analysis (2014)

A part of the broad research domains Knowledge Discovery and Information Retrieval deals only with Data Mining in texts: Text Mining. In general, Text Mining tries to obtain knowledge by identifying patterns in textual data. One of its most important areas is Opinion Mining, which is the main topic of this thesis. Opinion Mining is a far-reaching research area, because it is potentially interesting for many different fields of application as well as its results are very valuable: Opinions are analysed in reviews of products, services, etc. to create very detailed reports about the subject of the reviews or to identify fake or spam reviews. Furthermore, contributions for Opinion Mining in Social Media try to discover opinions in these networks such as Twitter, Facebook, and Youtube. We concentrate on Opinion Mining in news articles, because automatically extracted opinions from news have a high economic value, especially for media monitoring services, but at the same time, this domain has been rather neglected by approaches for Opinion Mining. Thus, we complement this research area by tasks of a Media Response Analysis, which includes the extraction of statements, the classification of the tonality, and the determination of viewpoints. To establish these tasks within the Opinion Mining community, we published an own dataset of a Media Response Analysis (MRA). A major challenge is the extraction of statements for an MRA. In this step, the text parts of a news article have to be identified, which are most relevant for analysis objects and contain opinions, even if the tonality of the opinion is neutral. The classification of the tonality for a given text or text part represents the most difficult task for almost every Opinion Mining approach. Many contributions involve only this step and apply a broad spectrum of techniques to tackle this problem: The creation of sentiment dictionaries, the analysis of contextual information, machine learning, heuristic rules, profoundly linguistic analyses, and many more. During this thesis we investigate many characteristics for the determination of tonality in our domain in contrast to recent research and propose a very well working approach for the tonality classification of statements in newspaper articles, which is adjusted to the requirements of a practical solution and achieves better results for our task than current state-of-the-art techniques. Extracted and rated statements are difficult to assess for MRA, if they do not contain any information about the viewpoint. To complete a fully automated solution of Opinion Mining for a Media Response Analysis, we explain and evaluate our ontology-based approach for the determination of viewpoints.
New multifunctional lightweight materials based on cellular metals – manufacturing, properties and applications (2009)

Cellular metallic materials are a new class of materials which have been the focus of numerous scientific studies over the past few years. The increasing interest in cellular metals is due to the fact that the introduction of pores into the materials significantly lowers the density. These highly porous materials also possess combinations of properties which are not possible to achieve with other materials. Besides the drastic weight and material savings that arise from the cell structure, there are also other application-specific benefits such as noise and energy absorption, heat insulation, mechanical damping, filtration effects and also catalytic properties. Cellular metallic materials are hence multi-functional lightweight materials.
Effects of food on bacterial community composition associated with the copepod <i>Acartia tonsa</i> Dana (2009)

The estuarine copepod Acartia tonsa naturally carried diverse strains of bacteria on its body. The bacterial community composition (BCC) remained very conservative even when the copepod was fed different axenic algal species, indicating that the food per se did not much affect BCC associated with the copepod. In xenic algal treatments, however, copepod-associated BCC differed with each alga fed, even though the same bacterial source was used to inoculate the algae. In addition, starved copepods taken at the same location but at different times significantly differed in their BCC. Algal species composition and copepod life history therefore serve to regulate BCC associated with copepods, and spatial and temporal variations in algal species composition and copepod origin would alter bacteria-copepod interactions.
The Extinction Spectra of Silver Nanoparticle Arrays:  Influence of Array Structure on Plasmon Resonance Wavelength and Width (2003)

We use high-quality electrodynamics methods to study the extinction spectra of one-dimensional linear chains and two-dimensional planar arrays of spherical silver nanoparticles, placing emphasis on the variation of the plasmon resonance wavelength and width with array structure (spacing, symmetry), particle size, and polarization direction. Two levels of theory have been considered, coupled dipoles with fully retarded interactions and T-matrix theory that includes a converged multipole expansion on each particle. We find that the most important array effects for particles having a radius of 30 nm or smaller are captured by the couple dipole approach. Our calculations demonstrate several surprising effects that run counter to conventional wisdom in which the particle interactions are assumed to be governed by electrostatic dipolar interactions. In particular, we find that for planar arrays of particles with polarization parallel to the plane the plasmon resonance blue shifts as array spacing D decreases for D larger than about 75 nm and then it red shifts for smaller spacings. In addition, we find that the plasmon narrows for D > 180 nm but broadens for smaller spacings. The results can be rationalized using a simple analytical model, which demonstrates that the plasmon wavelength shift is determined by the real part of the retarded dipole sum while the width is determined by the imaginary part of this sum. The optimal blue shifts and narrowing are found when the particle spacing is slightly smaller than the plasmon wavelength, while red shifts and broadening can be found for spacings much smaller than the plasmon wavelength at which electrostatic interactions are dominant. We also find that the array spectrum does not change significantly with array symmetry (square or hexagonal) or irradiated spot size (i.e., constant array size or constant particle number).
Systemic Fungicides. The Synthesis of Pyrazolo[1,5- <i>a</i> ]pyrimidine Analogues of Carboxin (1985)

The synthesis of a series of pyrazolo [1,5-a] pyrimidine derivatives, structural analogues of the systemic fungicide carboxin, is described. A common intermediate incorporating structural features desirable for fungicidal activity, N-phenyl-3(5)-amino-5(3)-methylpyrazole-4- carboxamide (6), was used to prepare pyrazolo [1,5-a] pyrimidines variously substituted in positions 5 and 7 of the ring system. Bromination of N-phenyl-2-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamide (8) occurred preferentially in the phenyl ring and the 6-bromo derivative was prepared by bromination of the corresponding 3-ethoxycarbonyl derivative (24). Attempted nitration of the ester (24) resulted in displacement of the ethoxycarbonyl substituent by a nitro group. The simplest pyrazolo [1,5-a] pyrimidine (8) showed a high level of fungicidal acitvity in fungal growth assays of Basidiomycete species, but compounds substituted in the pyrimidine ring were inactive.
An efficient beam-tracking technique for mmWave communication systems (2014)

In this paper, an efficient beam-tracking technique for a mobile station (MS) in mmWave communication systems is proposed to identify the cause of beam error using a motion sensor based on micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) as well as an electrical signal. The motion sensor estimates the rotation angle and detects whether the device moves. The proposed technique tracks a beam by handling the specific situation depending on the cause of beam error, minimizing the tracking overhead. The performance of the proposed beam-tracking technique is evaluated by simulations in three typical scenarios.
Research Update: Phonon engineering of nanocrystalline silicon thermoelectrics (2016)

Nanocrystalline silicon thermoelectrics can be a solution to improve the cost-effectiveness of thermoelectric technology from both material and integration viewpoints. While their figure-of-merit is still developing, recent advances in theoretical/numerical calculations, property measurements, and structural synthesis/fabrication have opened up possibilities to develop the materials based on fundamental physics of phonon transport. Here, this is demonstrated by reviewing a series of works on nanocrystalline silicon materials using calculations of multiscale phonon transport, measurements of interfacial heat conduction, and synthesis from nanoparticles. Integration of these approaches allows us to engineer phonon transport to improve the thermoelectric performance by introducing local silicon-oxide structures.
Microwave Properties of Polycrystalline Hybrid Garnets (1961)

The microwave properties of a number of polycrystalline mixed garnets have been studied. The compositions investigated included solid solutions of yttrium iron garnet with gadolinium iron, samarium iron, yttrium aluminum, yttrium gallium, and yttrium chromium garnets. Ball‐mill mixing techniques were employed in specimen preparation. Line width, saturation magnetization, and effective g‐factor measurements were made as a function of composition and temperature for all specimens studied. Curie temperatures were also measured for each specimen. The merits of using these garnet compositions for microwave component applications are amplified by the fact that some of their properties may be independently controlled. Data on temperature compensation and high‐power effects are presented as well as a discussion of the applicability of these materials to microwave solid‐state devices.
Evidence for the Placement of the Gram-Negative Catonella morbi (Moore and Moore) and Johnsonella ignava (Moore and Moore) within the Clostridium Subphylum of the Gram-Positive Bacteria on the Basis of 16S rRNA Sequences (1995)

Comparative 16S rRNA analysis was used to determine the phylogenetic positions of Catonella morbi and Johnsonella ignava, which are members of two monospecific genera of gram-negative anaerobic bacilli isolated from human gingival crevices. Both of these genera were found to belong to cluster XIVa (M. D. Collins, P. A. Lawson, A. Willems, J. J. Cordoba, J. Fernandez-Garayzabal, P. Garcia, J. Cai, H. Hippe, and J. A. E. Farrow, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44:812-826, 1994) of the Clostridium subphylum of gram-positive bacteria. Within this cluster, which contains several Clostridium, Coprococcus, Eubacterium, and Ruminococcus species, C. morbi and J. ignava formed two distinct lines that were separate from all other taxa. Our findings support the separate generic status of the genera Catonella and Johnsonella and show that these genera do not belong to the family Bacteroidaceae but instead belong to the gram-positive Clostridium subphylum.