gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Rev Protein and the Rev-Responsive Element Counteract the Effect of an Inhibitory 5′ Splice Site in a 3′ Untranslated Region (1995)

A 5' splice site located in a 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) has been shown previously to inhibit gene expression. Natural examples of inhibitory 5' splice sites have been identified in the late 3'UTRs of papillomaviruses and are thought to inhibit viral late gene expression at early stages of the viral life cycle. In this study, we demonstrate that the interaction of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Rev protein with the Rev-responsive element (RRE) overcomes the inhibitory effects of a 5' splice site located within a 3'UTR. This was studied by using both a bovine papillomavirus type 1 L1 cDNA expression vector and a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression vector containing a 5' splice site in the 3'UTR. In both systems, coexpression of Rev enhanced cytoplasmic expression from vectors containing the RRE even when the RRE and the inhibitory 5' splice site were separated by up to 1,000 nucleotides. In addition, multiple copies of a 5' splice site in a 3'UTR were shown to act synergistically, and this effect could also be moderated by the interaction of Rev and the RRE. These studies provide additional evidence that at least one mechanism of Rev action is through interactions with the splicing machinery. We have previously shown that base pairing between the U1 small nuclear RNA and a 3'UTR 5' splice site is required for inhibition of gene expression. However, experiments by J. Kjems and P. A. Sharp (J. Virol. 67:4769-4776, 1993) have suggested that Rev acts on spliceosome assembly at a stage after binding of the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein to the 5' splice site. This finding suggests that binding of additional small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, as well as other splicing factors, may be necessary for the inhibitory action of a 3'UTR 5' splice site. These data also suggest that expression of the papillomavirus late genes in terminally differentiated keratinocytes can be regulated by a viral or cellular Rev-like activity.
Theory and practice of I/O-efficient algorithms for multidimensional batched searching problems (1998)

We describe a powerful framework for designing efficient batch algorithms for certain large-scale dynamic problems that must be solved using external memory. The class of problems we consider, which we call colorable eztemaldecomposable problems, include rectangle intersection, orthogonal line segment intersection, range searching, and point location. We are particularly interested in these problems in two and higher dimensions. They have numerous applications in geographic information systems (GIS), spatial databases, and VLSI and CAD design. We present simplied algorithms for problems previously solved by more complicated approaches (such as rectangle intersection), and we present efficient algorithms for problems not previously solved in an efficient way (such as point location and higherdimensional versions of range searching and rectangle intersection). communication is the bottleneck in many large-scale applications such as those arising in VLSI and CAD design, spatial databases, and geographic information systems (GIS). In this paper we consider I/O-efficient algorithms for batched searching problems. We consider both batched static and batched dynamic problems, and use the correspondence which often exists between a ddimensional static problem and a (dl)-dimensional dynamic problem to obtain a number of new d-dimensional algorithms. We give experimental results concerning the running time for our approach applied to the red-blue rectangle intersection problem, which is a key component of the extremely important database operation spatial join. Our algorithm scales well with the problem size, and for large problems sizes it greatly outperforms the well-known sweepline approach. One prominent example of the problems we consider is the rectangle intersection problem, which is a key component in VLSI design rule checking [31] and in the extremely important database operation spatial join [34]. We illustrate the practical significance of our algorithms by comparing the empirical performance of our algorithm for this problem with the well-known sweepline algorithm developed for internal memory. 1.1 Problem definition and memory model
Photochemical Fulleroid to Methanofullerene Conversion via the Di-.pi.-methane (Zimmerman) Rearrangement (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemical Fulleroid to Methanofullerene Conversion via the Di-.pi.-methane (Zimmerman) RearrangementRene A. J. Janssen, Jan C. Hummelen, and Fred WudlCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 1, 544–545Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00106a068https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00106a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views577Altmetric-Citations113LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Performance analysis of congestion management schemes for STREAMS based communication systems (2002)

The performance analysis of congestion management schemes used in Unix-based communication systems is discussed. The performance of the Static STREAMS buffer allocation scheme is evaluated. Two alternative buffer allocation schemes are proposed and analyzed: the dynamic buffer allocation and hybrid buffer allocation schemes. Queueing models of a Unix-based system are used. The results show that a hybrid buffer allocation scheme based on the expected system traffic is best for achieving superior performance without over-engineering of system memory.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Probabilistic location update for advanced cellular mobile networks (1998)

We propose a probabilistic location update (PLU) scheme for advanced cellular mobile networks. The performance of PLU is analyzed and compared with those of two extreme location update schemes. As a result, we demonstrate a merit of PLU, that is, simple implementation with an acceptable performance level.
Sensing contact with analog resistive technology (2003)

We introduce a touch sensor design, which we refer to as a hybrid tactile sensor. It combines the simplicity of analog touch sensing, which is widely used in electronic touch screens and touchpads, with the ability of shape discrimination of the array touch sensing, found in tactile sensors designed for robotics applications. We describe the construction techniques of the hybrid tactile sensor, its modelling, and shape interpretation algorithms that determine the shape of an object in contact with the sensor. Future work is outlined and construction techniques using inexpensive materials of conductive silicone rubber and fabric mesh are described.
[Cloning and tissue expression of CAST transcript Ⅱ in goat]. (2011)

Calpastatin (CAST) gene is closely related with meat quality in livestock and poultry. Based on the bovine and ovine mRNA sequences, the cDNA of CAST Ⅱ gene in goat was amplified successfully for the first time by using RACE-PCR. Results showed that CAST Ⅱ of goat was 2474 bp in length with an open reading frame (ORF) 1695 bp long and encoded 564 amino acids, and there were four conserved domains and one conserved seven-peptide domain in amino acids sequences. Bioinformation analysis indicated that its secondary structures mainly were random coil and helical regions, and contained rich hydrophobic regions, certain phosphorylation sites, and protein kinase C (PKC) sites. Meanwhile, analysis of tissue expression of the gene in Tianfu meat goat demonstrated it was expressed in seven selected tissues. When the goat was of 6-month age, the highest expression was observed in longissimusdorsi, which was significantly higher than that of crureus (P<0.05) and other internal organ tissues (P<0.01).Furthermore, the expression of CAST II increased with the rise of the age and became the highest when the goat was at three-year age.
Activation of <i>Drosophila</i> Toll During Fungal Infection by a Blood Serine Protease (2002)

Drosophila host defense to fungal and Gram-positive bacterial infection is mediated by the Spaetzle/Toll/cactus gene cassette. It has been proposed that Toll does not function as a pattern recognition receptor per se but is activated through a cleaved form of the cytokine Spaetzle. The upstream events linking infection to the cleavage of Spaetzle have long remained elusive. Here we report the identification of a central component of the fungal activation of Toll. We show that ethylmethane sulfonate-induced mutations in the persephone gene, which encodes a previously unknown serine protease, block induction of the Toll pathway by fungi and resistance to this type of infection.
Practical Design Considerations In Achieving High Performance From Infrared Hybrid Focal Plane Arrays (1987)

This paper examines the potential benefits of using focal plane arrays in I-R detection systems. Two basic modes of operation are described together with their applicability to both the medium and long wavelength bands. We contrast the advantages and problems of two different readout schemes and consider their interaction with off focal plane electronics. We review theoretical ultimate limitations to performance and present more realistic theory predicting practically achievable results. Important array parameters such as uniformity, stability and dynamic range are considered together with constraints imposed by drive electronics, optics, cryogenic systems etc. Based on these considerations, our approach has been to confine the focal plane electronics to the functions of integration and mutliplexing, performing more power consuming tasks off the focal plane.
In vivo and in vitro administration of interleukin 2-containing preparation reverses T-cell unresponsiveness in Mycobacterium bovis BCG-infected mice (1984)

Mice infected with high doses of Mycobacterium bovis BCG (3 X 10(7)) showed a marked impairment of delayed-type hypersensitivity to PPD in vivo, and their splenic T cells failed to proliferate when cultured in vitro with concanavalin A or PPD. However, this state of unresponsiveness could be reversed both in vitro and in vivo by the administration of an interleukin 2 (IL-2)-containing preparation. IL-2 produced spontaneously by the gibbon lymphosarcoma T-cell line MLA-144 and T-cell-conditioned medium from a mixed lymphocyte reaction were able to increase DNA synthesis of splenic T lymphocytes from BCG-immunosuppressed mice cultured with concanavalin A or PPD. Furthermore, BCG-infected mice treated in vivo with at least 100 U of IL-2 showed a positive skin reaction to PPD, and their spleen cells were fully responsive in vitro. The reversal of BCG-induced immunosuppression was not observed when infected mice were injected with IL-2 preparations previously incubated with blast cells, a procedure known to remove IL-2 activity. These results indicate that the basis of BCG-induced unresponsiveness is a deficiency in the production of IL-2 rather than a lack of reactive T cells.
Serum Carotenoids and Markers of Inflammation in Nonsmokers (2000)

One explanation for discrepant results between epidemiologic studies and randomized trials of beta-carotene and cardiovascular disease may be a failure to consider inflammation as a confounder. To evaluate the potential for such confounding, the authors relate the serum concentrations of five carotenoids (alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein/zeaxanthin) to levels of three inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and white blood cell count) measured during the Third National Health and Nutrition Survey, 1988-1994. The analysis included 4,557 nonsmoking participants aged 25-55 years. Adjusted concentrations of all five carotenoids were significantly lower in those with C-reactive protein levels above 0.88 mg/dl (p = 0.001). There was a trend toward lower adjusted beta-cryptoxanthin concentrations with increasing level of fibrinogen (p value test for trend = 0.01), but other carotenoids were not related. Many of the carotenoid concentrations were lower among participants with high white blood cell counts. After log transformation, only adjusted mean beta-carotene levels were significantly lower in those with white blood cell counts above 7.85 x 10(9)/liter (p < 0.01). These cross-sectional data do not clarify the biologic relation between carotenoids and C-reactive protein but, to the extent that the carotenoids are associated with C-reactive protein levels, a carotenoid-heart disease association may be, in part, an inflammation-heart disease association.
Protective effect of Petroselinum crispum extract in abortion using prostadin-induced renal dysfunction in female rats. (2014)

These results suggested that ethanolic extract of Petroselinum crispum reduced the dysfunction in rats kidney caused by prostadin-induced abortion and could have beneficial effect in reducing the progression of prostaglandin-induced edema.
A Novel Neural Network Model Specified for Representing Logical Relations (2017)

With computers to handle more and more complicated things in variable environments, it becomes an urgent requirement that the artificial intelligence has the ability of automatic judging and deciding according to numerous specific conditions so as to deal with the complicated and variable cases. ANNs inspired by brain is a good candidate. However, most of current numeric ANNs are not good at representing logical relations because these models still try to represent logical relations in the form of ratio based on functional approximation. On the other hand, researchers have been trying to design novel neural network models to make neural network model represent logical relations. In this work, a novel neural network model specified for representing logical relations is proposed and applied. New neurons and multiple kinds of links are defined. Inhibitory links are introduced besides exciting links. Different from current numeric ANNs, one end of an inhibitory link connects an exciting link rather than a neuron. Inhibitory links inhibit the connected exciting links conditionally to make this neural network model represent logical relations correctly. This model can simulate the operations of Boolean logic gates, and construct complex logical relations with the advantages of simpler neural network structures than recent works in this area. This work provides some ideas to make neural networks represent logical relations more directly and efficiently, and the model could be used as the complement to current numeric ANN to deal with logical issues and expand the application areas of ANN.
Optical properties of a system of two coupled vertical microcavities (1998)

The interaction of two localized optical states in a structure consisting of a system of two coupled vertical microcavities is studied. It is shown that the interaction of two localized optical modes in coupled microcavities cause the modes to split. The optical properties of a system of coupled microcavities and the dispersion relations for the characteristic optical modes of the system are analyzed.
Transvenous Catheter Ice Mapping and Cryoablation of the Atrioventricular Node in Dogs (1999)

While radiofrequency catheter ablation is very effective, it does not allow for prediction of success prior to full delivery of the energy. We investigated the use of cryoablation using a new catheter on the AV node to determine (1) if a successful site might be identified prior to the ablation itself, and (2) the parameters of cryoablation of the AV node using a new cryocatheter. In eight dogs, the cryoablation catheter was advanced to the AV node to produce transient high degree AV block by lowering the temperature to a minimum of -40 degrees C (ice mapping). Transient high degree AV node block was obtained in seven of eight animals at a mean temperature of -39.9 +/- 11.6 degrees C. No significant pathological modification was found in all animals but one and, in all cases, electrophysiological parameters of the AV node measured before, 20 minutes, 60 minutes, and up to 56 days after cryoapplication were not significantly different. In the 12 other dogs, after ice mapping, cryoablation of the AV node was attempted with a single freeze-thaw cycle in 6 dogs (group I) and a double freeze-thaw cycle in the other 6 dogs (group II). Chronic complete AV block was obtained in only one animal in group I compared to all animals in group II. Ablation of the AV node is effective with a double freeze-thaw cycle using a percutaneous catheter cryoablation system. Ice mapping of the area allows for identification of the targeted site.
Silencing the α2 Subunit of γ-aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptors in Rat Dorsal Root Ganglia Reveals Its Major Role in Antinociception Posttraumatic Nerve Injury (2015)

The GABAA receptor in the DRG plays an important role in pathophysiology of NPP caused by sciatic nerve injury and represents promising target for novel pain therapies.
Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: A Meta-Analysis Study (2004)

Purpose : Primary CNS lymphoma is a rare disease. Owing to small number of patients and lack of data, large-series studies become difficult. We use a meta-analysis to evaluate the treatment of primary CNS lymphoma and prognostic factor. Materials and Methods : Articles published before September 2003 were searched through PUBMED (National Library of Medicine) and MEDLINE and by the terms of 烢rimary CNS lymphoma? 烋on-Hodgkin掇 lymphoma of CNS? Sixteen potentially suitable articles were found. Among them, four articles matched the selective criteria and were collected into this meta-analysis. There were 85 patient entered the study. The treatment included single and combined modalities of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The variables, such as age, sex, methods of treatment were analyzed about their influence upon initial response and prognosis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used. Univariate analysis using the log rank test and multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model were performed. Overall survival and disease-specific survival were calculated with the method of Kaplan and Meier. Results : Forty-one patients (48.2%) were male, and 44 patients (51.8%) were female. The median age was 62 years. Six patients (7.1%) received radiotherapy alone. Thirty-eight patients (44.7%) received chemotherapy alone. Forty-one patients (48.2%) received combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The rate of initial response were 82.4%. During the time of following up, 35 patients (41.2%) were alive, and 50 patients (58.8%) were expired. The 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates were 47.8% and 28.9%, respectively. The 3-year and 5-year disease-specific survival rates were 49.1% and 34.0%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, age was a significant prognostic factor of overall survival rate (p = 0.0129). Chemotherapy was a significant prognostic factor of overall survival rate and disease-specific survival rate (p = 0.0141, 0.0077 respectively). The number of cycle of chemotherapy was another significant prognostic factor of overall survival rate and disease-specific survival rate (p = 0.0003, 0.0001 respectively). In the multivariate analysis, the number of cycle of chemotherapy is the only significant prognostic factor of overall survival rate and disease-specific survival rate (p = 0.018, 0.007 respectively). Conclusion : In this study, patients who received chemotherapy with 3 cycles or more had better survival outcome. Chemotherapy with 3 cycles or more is recommended in treatment of primary CNS lymphoma.
Role of Surfactant on Drug Release from Tablets (1990)

The addition of a surfactanat into a tablet formulation appears to be attractive method of improve the drug release rate. The improved release rate is often associated with the effect of surfactant increasing the hydrophilicity of the dosage form thereby promoting drug dissolution. The findings of this investigation showed tha the presence of surfactant infulenced the tablet disintegration rate, producing a finer dispersion of disintergrated particles. It follows that the action of surfactant improving drug dissolution from tablets may be attributed ot the aciton of surfactnat producing fine disintegrated particles with correspondingly larger surface area for drug dissolution. It was also demonstrated that upon tablet disintergration the disinstegrated particles have a tri-moal frequency distribution.
Valproic acid inhibits the growth of HeLa cervical cancer cells via caspase-dependent apoptosis (2013)

Valproic acid (VPA) as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor has an anticancer effect. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of VPA on the growth and death of HeLa cervical cancer cells in relation to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH). Dose- and time-dependent growth inhibition was observed in HeLa cells with an IC50 of approximately 10 mM at 24 h. DNA flow cytometric analysis indicated that 10 mM VPA induced a G2/M phase arrest of the cell cycle. This agent also induced apoptosis, which was accompanied by the cleavage of PARP, the activation of caspase-3, -8 and -9, and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP; ∆Ψm). All the tested caspase inhibitors significantly prevented HeLa apoptotic cell death induced by VPA, whereas TNF-α intensified the apoptotic cell death. With respect to ROS and GSH levels, VPA increased ROS levels and induced GSH depletion. However, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC; an antioxidant) and L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO; a GSH synthesis inhibitor) did not significantly affect cell death in VPA-treated HeLa cells. In conclusion, VPA inhibits the growth of HeLa cervical cancer cells via caspase-dependent apoptosis and the growth inhibition is independent of ROS and GSH level changes.
Preparation and preliminary biodistribution of "no carrier added" fluorine1-8 fluoroethanol. (1980)

No-carrier-added [18F] fluoroethanol has been prepared by two routes. The first involves fluoride-ion displacement on alpha-p-toluene sulfonyl ethyl glycolate followed by reduction of the alpha-fluoroethyl acetate. The second involves a ring-opening reaction on glycol sulfite to give an alpha-fluorosulfinic acid derivative that is hydrolyzed to fluoroethanol. The specific activity was measured as 10(5) Ci/millimole, and the stable fluorine-19 was traced to the cesium hydroxide used to trap the H18F. Following intracarotid injection, the labeled fluoroethanol was not trapped in the brain, and thus is not a microsphere analog as has been suggested. Tomographic images of the myocardium were obtained using the fluoroethanol as a tracer.