gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deamidation and Functional Properties of Food Proteins by the Treatment with Immobilized Chymotrypsin at Alkaline pH (1989)

ABSTRACT Ovalbumin, lysozyme, 7S globulin, 11S globulin, and gluten were treated with immobilized chymotrypsin on controlled‐pore glass at pH 10 at 20°C to improve their functional properties. Optimum pH of deamidation of ovalbumin by immobilized chymotrypsin was 10, where proteolysis was very limited. Deamidation percentages of ovalbumin, lysozyme, 7S globulin, 11S globulin, and gluten were 10.0, 8.4, 6.0, 5.0, and 8.0, respectively. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic patterns of ovalbumin and lysozyme showed no difference between untreated and treated proteins, while those of soy proteins and gluten showd that larger molecular weight fractions were dissociated into smaller molecular size fractions. Solubility of gluten was greatly improved at all pHs, 2‐12. Both emulsifying and foaming properties of proteins were improved by treatment with immobilized chymotrypsin.
Wide viewing-zone-angle full-color electronic holography system using very high resolution liquid crystal display panels (2011)

A wide viewing-zone-angle full-color electronic holography reconstruction system is developed. Time division
multiplexing of RGB color light and space division multiplexing of viewing-zone-angles are adopted to keep the optical
system compact. Undesirable light such as illumination light, phase conjugate light, and high-order diffraction light are
eliminated by half-zone-plate hologram generation and single sideband beam reconstruction. Color aberration and
astigmatism caused by the reproduction optical system are analyzed and reduced. The developed system expands
viewing-zone-angle of full-color holographic image three times wider than the original, suppressing undesirable light,
color aberration, and astigmatism.
Sector Servo Data File Optical Disk Memory (1985)

Sector servo optical disk mass data storage system was designed. In this method each track is divided into 1024 sectors. Each sector consists of the preformated servo field and data field where data are recorded. One forth wavelength depth preformated servo field contains wobbled pits array from which tracking servo signal is generated. This tracking error signal is sampled and hold in the data field. This system has advantages of its compactness of optical drives and higly improved optical stability.
Recent applications of fish cell culture to biomedical research (1988)

Tissues of the fishes are as amenable to the techniques of modern cell culture as mammalian tissues and organs, and yet this vast resource, comprising thousands of vertebrate species, remains largely unexplored. The model systems that have been developed demonstrate the utility of fish cells as sources of special adaptations and exaggerated physiological systems. In this review, we briefly describe several of the successful models along with recent developments in fish cell culture with the hope of stimulating increased interest in the lower vertebrates as useful complements to mammalian cell culture in biomedical research. The topics covered include epithelial ion transport, endocrinological studies, the cellular stress (heat shock) response, thermotolerance, cancer biology, and environmental toxicology.
Performance Evaluation of the CellaVision DM96 System (2005)

We evaluated the CellaVision DM96 (CellaVision AB, Lund, Sweden), an automated digital cell morphology and informatics system for peripheral blood smears. Technologists agreed with 82% of the instrument’s preclassifications. Correlation coefficients between final results released from the CellaVision and results obtained by direct microscopy were 0.96 (all neutrophils), 0.94 (lymphocytes), 0.88 (segmented neutrophils), 0.73 (eosinophils), 0.69 (bands), and 0.67 (monocytes). After correction for statistically and clinically insignificant variations, the CellaVision DM96 had 95% sensitivity and 88% specificity for immature myeloid cells. It was 100% sensitive and 94% specific for blasts, and 100% sensitive and 97% specific for unusual WBCs and nucleated RBCs. Advantages of the CellaVision DM96 over direct microscopy include the ability to review slides from a remote location, consultation and quality control on a cell-by-cell basis, and potential labor savings.
Low-temperature fabrication of single-crystal ZnO nanopillar photonic bandgap structures (2007)

We describe the fabrication of single-crystal nanopillars of ZnO in two-dimensional periodic and aperiodic arrays for photonic applications. The structures are defined by a thin polymer template created by e-beam lithography and are grown at 90 °C using an electrochemical process. The individual single-crystal ZnO pillars have diameters of ∼120 nm and lengths greater than 1 µm. Visible light diffraction patterns from the ordered arrays were observed, and the in-plane photonic bandgap was characterized.
Viral Capsid DNA Aptamer Conjugates as Multivalent Cell-Targeting Vehicles (2009)

Nucleic acid aptamers offer significant potential as convenient and evolvable targeting groups for drug delivery. To attach them to the surface of a genome-free viral capsid carrier, an efficient oxidative coupling strategy has been developed. The method involves the periodate-mediated reaction of phenylene diamine substituted oligonucleotides with aniline groups installed on the outer surface of the capsid shells. Up to 60 DNA strands can be attached to each viral capsid with no apparent loss of base-pairing capabilities or protein stability. The ability of the capsids to bind specific cellular targets was demonstrated through the attachment of a 41-nucleotide sequence that targets a tyrosine kinase receptor on Jurkat T cells. After the installation of a fluorescent dye on the capsid interior, capsids bearing the cell-targeting sequence showed significant levels of binding to the cells relative to those of control samples. Colocalization experiments using confocal microscopy indicated that the capsids were endocytosed and trafficked to lysosomes for degradation. These observations suggest that aptamer-labeled capsids could be used for the targeted drug delivery of acid-labile prodrugs that would be preferentially released upon lysosomal acidification.
Synthesis and Characterization of CdS Nanoparticles Stabilized by Double-Hydrophilic Block Copolymers (2000)

A novel and simple preparation method for single monodisperse CdS nanoparticles with controllable size and stability against oxidation is presented. Double-hydrophilic block copolymers consisting of a solvating poly(ethylene glycol) PEG block and a poly(ethylene imine) PEI binding block have been used as effective stabilizers for the solution synthesis of high-quality CdS nanoparticles in water and methanol. Absorption, fluorescence spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were employed for characterization, which revealed that the prepared CdS nanoparticles had a well-resolved cubic structure and were monodisperse in size. It was also found that the CdS nanoparticles were dispersed in solution as single entities and showed a very good resistance against oxidation for months, according to their polymer shell. The particle size was controllable in the range between 2 and 4 nm by adjusting the polymer concentration and choice of the solvent.
Structural Origins of the Insulin-mimetic Activity of Bis(acetylacetonato)oxovanadium(IV) (2002)

We have investigated the interaction of bis(acetylacetonato)oxovanadium(IV) (VO(acac)(2)) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) by EPR and angle-selected electron nuclear double resonance, correlating results with assays of glucose uptake by 3T3-L1 adipocytes. EPR spectra of VO(acac)(2) showed no broadening in the presence of BSA; however, electron nuclear double resonance titrations of VO(acac)(2) in the presence of BSA were indicative of adduct formation of VO(acac)(2) with albumin of 1:1 stoichiometry. The influence of VO(acac)(2) on uptake of 2-deoxy-d-[1-(14)C]glucose by serum-starved 3T3-L1 adipocytes was measured in the presence and absence of BSA. Glucose uptake was stimulated 9-fold in the presence of 0.5 mm VO(acac)(2), 17-fold in the presence of 0.5 mm VO(acac)(2) plus 1 mm BSA, and 22-fold in the presence of 100 nm insulin. BSA had no influence on glucose uptake, on the action of insulin, or on glucose uptake in the presence of VOSO(4). The maximum insulin-mimetic effect of VO(acac)(2) was observed at VO(acac)(2):BSA ratios less than or equal to 1.0. Similar results were obtained also with bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV). These results suggest that the enhanced insulin-mimetic action of organic chelates of VO(2+) may be dependent on adduct formation with BSA and possibly other serum transport proteins.
Transcriptome and Functional Analysis of the Eukaryotic-Type Serine/Threonine Kinase PknB in<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2009)

The function of the Staphylococcus aureus eukaryotic-like serine/threonine protein kinase PknB was investigated by performing transcriptome analysis using DNA microarray technology and biochemical assays. The transcriptional profile revealed a strong regulatory impact of PknB on the expression of genes encoding proteins which are involved in purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis, cell wall metabolism, autolysis, and glutamine synthesis. Functional activity of overexpressed and purified PknB kinase was demonstrated using the myelin basic protein as a surrogate substrate. Phosphorylation occurred in a time-dependent manner with Mn(2+) as a preferred cofactor. Furthermore, biochemical characterization revealed regulation of adenylosuccinate synthase (PurA) activity by phosphorylation. Phosphorylated PurA showed a 1.8-fold decrease in enzymatic activity compared to unphosphorylated PurA. Loss of PknB led to formation of larger cell clusters, and a pknB deletion strain showed 32-fold-higher sensitivity to the cell wall-active antibiotic tunicamycin. The results of this study strongly indicate that PknB has a role in regulation of purine biosynthesis, autolysis, and central metabolic processes in S. aureus.
A single stability parameter for linear 2-port circuits (2003)

A new stability parameter, mu (S), is defined for linear 2-port circuits. It is shown that mu >1 alone is necessary and sufficient for the circuit to be unconditionally stable. This single parameter can replace the traditional Rollet condition K>1, which requires that an additional auxiliary condition be met for absolute stability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Complement and Fc Function Are Required for Optimal Antibody Prophylaxis against<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>Pneumonia (2005)

Pneumocystis carinii is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes P. carinii pneumonia (PCP) in the immunocompromised host. We investigated the role of antibody Fc-mediated function in passive prophylaxis against the development of PCP in SCID mice. By comparison of anti-mouse P. carinii immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody (MAb) 4F11(G1) and its F(ab')2 derivative in an intranasal immunoprophylaxis model, we determined that Fc-mediated function is required for maximum effect of this antibody. Comparison of efficacy of antibody prophylaxis in SCID mice depleted of complement to that in nondepleted mice demonstrated that complement fixation by MAb 4F11(G1) is also necessary for optimal effect of passively administered antibody, although residual protection was observed in complement-depleted SCID mice. The necessity of complement for optimal PCP prophylaxis by MAb 4F11(G1) suggests that complement may play a role in antibody-mediated protection against development of PCP.
Nanoscale characterisation of semiconductors by cathodoluminescence (2014)

Cathodoluminescence measurements carried out either in a scanning secondary or a transmission electron microscope allow a direct correlation of structural features with the emission spectra. Applied to semiconductors, numerous material and electronic properties can be determined on a length scale down to 10 nm in favourable cases. In this tutorial, we discuss the nature of the most important light emission processes in semiconductors, and what kind of information can principally be derived. Several examples for the application of this method in studies on bulk and nanocrystalline semiconductor materials are discussed.
Solvent effects on liquefaction: Solubilization profiles of a canadian prototype wood, <i>populus deltoides</i>, in the presence of different solvents (1994)

Abstract Populus deltoides was treated with straight chain alcohols from methanol to n‐hexanol, mono and triethanolamine, water, ethyleneglycol, acetone, cyclohexane and lactic acid. A batch reactor was used in all the runs and the temperature range used was from 100 to 320°C. A reaction ordinate concept was used to evaluate the treatment severities. The results of these experiments showed a significant influence of the solvent on the extent of liquefaction of wood as well as on the holocellulose and lignin contents of the residues. An attempt to relate the liquefaction profiles to the solubility parameters of the solvents is discussed.
Risk Aversion or Myopia? Choices in Repeated Gambles and Retirement Investments (1999)

We study how decision makers choose when faced with multiple plays of a gamble or investment. When evaluating multiple plays of a simple mixed gamble, a chance to win x or lose y, subjects show a sensitivity to the amount to lose on a single trial, holding the distribution of returns for the portfolio constant; that is, they display “myopic loss aversion.” Many subjects who decline multiple plays of such a gamble will accept it when shown the resulting distribution. This analysis is applied to the problem of retirement investing. We show that workers invest more of their retirement savings in stocks if they are shown long-term (rather than one-year) rates of return.
Simulation of Elevated T-Waves of an ECG Inside a Static Magnetic Field (MRI) (2008)

In MRI, the flow of blood in the patient is subjected to a strong static magnetic field (B(0)). The movement of charge carriers in a magnetic field causes a magnetofluid dynamic (MFD) effect that induces a voltage across the artery. This induced voltage distorts the ECG signal of the patient and appears as an elevation of the T-wave of the ECG signal. Flow of blood through the aortic arch is perpendicular to the magnetic field and coincides with the occurrence of the T-wave of the ECG. Based on these facts, it is proposed that the elevation in the T-wave occurs because of the voltage induced across the aortic arch. In this paper, the elevation is computed mathematically using the equations of MFD. A method is developed to measure this induced voltage based on discretization of the aortic arch and measuring the blood flow profile in the aorta. The results are compared to the ECG signals measured in humans in the bore of 1.5 T imaging magnet. The computed ECG signals at the 12 leads are very similar to the measured values.
Structural Steel Designer’s Handbook: AISC, AASHTO, AISI, ASTM, AREMA, and ASCE-07 Design Standards (2006)

Mirroring the latest developments in materials, methods, codes, and standards in building and bridge design, this is a one-of-a-kind, definitive reference for engineers. Chapters include: Chapter 1: Properties of Structural Steels and Effects of Steelmaking and Fabrication; Chapter 2: Fabrication and Erection; Chapter 3: Connections; Chapter 4: Building Codes, Loads, and Fire Protection; Chapter 5: Criteria for Building Design; Chapter 6: Design of Building Members; Chapter 7: Floor and Roof Systems; Chapter 8: Lateral Force Design; Chapter 9: Cold-Formed Steel Design; Chapter 10: Highway Bridge Design Criteria; Chapter 11: Railroad Bridge Design Criteria; Chapter 12: Beam and Girder Bridges . Chapter 13: Truss Bridges; Chapter 14: Arch Bridges; and chapter 15: Cable-Suspended Bridges
Purification and Characterization of Phospholipase B from<i>Candida utilis</i> (2006)

Phospholipase B (PLB) from the asporogenous yeast Candida utilis was purified to homogeneity from a culture broth. The apparent molecular mass was 90-110 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The enzyme had two pH optima, one acidic (pH 3.0) and the other alkaline (pH 7.5). At acidic pH the enzyme hydrolyzed all phospholipids tested without metal ions. On the other hand, the PLB showed substrate specificity and required metal ions for alkaline activity. The cDNA sequence of the PLB was analyzed by a combination of several PCR procedures. The PLB encoded a protein consisting of 643 amino acids. The amino acid sequence contained a lipase consensus sequence (GxSxG) and catalytic arginine and aspartic acid motifs which were identified as the catalytic triad in the PLB from Kluyveromyces lactis, suggesting that the catalytic mechanism of the PLB is similar to that of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)), found in mammalian tissues.
Bias-free, low power and optically driven membrane InP switch on SOI for remotely configurable photonic packet switches (2011)

A small footprint integrated Membrane InP Switch (MIPS) on Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) is demonstrated for use in all-optical packet switching. The device consists of an optically pumped III-V membrane waveguide of only 100 nm thick, coupled to the underlying SOI waveguide circuit. Because of its limited thickness, the optical confinement in the active layers is maximized, allowing for high extinction ratio of over 30 dB when applying a low power optical pump signal, over the entire C-band. The switch has 400/1300 ps on/off switching times and no measurable pattern dependence or switching related power penalties for a bitrate up to 40 Gb/s, using a switching power of only 2 dBm.
Distribution of virulence profiles related to new toxins and putative adhesins in Shiga toxin-producing<i>Escherichia coli</i>isolated from diverse sources in Brazil (2007)

The distribution of virulence markers related to cytolethal distending toxin-V (CDT-V), subtilase cytotoxin (SubAB), the enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli factor for adherence (Efa1), the adhesin similar to IrgA (Iha), the long polar fimbriae (LpfO113), the autoagglutinating adhesin (Saa), and the protein required for full expression of adherence of O157:H7 Sakai strain (ToxB) was investigated in 121 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) strains isolated in Brazil. STEC strains were isolated from human infections (n=49), cattle (n=68) and ground meat samples (n=4). Overall, the lpfA(O113), iha, efa1, saa, and toxB sequences were observed in 89.2%, 87.6%, 47.1%, 43%, and 13.2% of the strains, respectively. The genes efa1 (96.6%) and toxB (27%) were only identified among eae-positive strains, while saa (83.8%), cdt-V (12.9%), and subAB (48.4%) just occurred in eae-negative STEC strains. STEC strains harboring cdt-V and subAB were for the first time described in the South American subcontinent. In addition, the simultaneous presence of cdt-V and subAB has not been previously reported, nor the presence of subAB in STEC O77, O79, O105, O174, and O178 serogroups. A diversity of virulence profiles was observed among the STEC strains studied. The most prevalent profile observed among eae-positive STEC strains mainly isolated from humans was eae efa1 iha lpfA(O113), whereas iha lpfA(O113) saa ehxA subAB prevailed among eae-negative STEC strains, mostly isolated from cattle and foods.
Encoding and decoding in the 6-MHz NTSC-compatible widescreen television system (1991)

The Matsushita 6-MHz NTSC-compatible widescreen television system using quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) of the video carrier and inverse Nyquist filtering is an advanced television system using the side panel method. The principle of QAM is reviewed, and the encoding and decoding processes are discussed. Methods for time expansion and time compression for each panel and very-low-frequency frequency splitting (e.g., 0.1 MHz) at a sampling frequency of 14.3 MHz are detailed. Transmitting and regenerating the colour subcarrier for a multiplex signal and a method of preventing noticeable differences between panels are also described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Perinatal outcome of singletons and twins after assisted conception: a systematic review of controlled studies (2004)

Singleton pregnancies from assisted reproduction have a significantly worse perinatal outcome than non-assisted singleton pregnancies, but this is less so for twin pregnancies. In twin pregnancies, perinatal mortality is about 40% lower after assisted compared with natural conception.
Novel purification method of human immunoglobulin by using a thermo-responsive protein A (2013)

We attempted to evaluate a novel purification method of immunoglobulins (IgGs) by using a mutant type of protein A. Although this mutant protein A binds to IgGs at 5°C, the IgGs are released at 40°C; hence, it was designated as thermo-responsive protein A (TRPA). We aimed to purify IgG1 from the culture supernatant of CHO cells producing AE6F4 human monoclonal IgG1. AE6F4 IgG1 was purified using only a TRPA-filled column and by modifying the temperature, without any exposure to acidic conditions. Furthermore, the purified AE6F4 IgG1 maintained the inherent binding affinity to antigen, while this property was lost in AE6F4 IgG1 purified using a conventional protein A (CPA) column possibly because of product aggregation and fragmentation. These data suggest that IgG is sensitive to acid treatment; however, it can be highly purified with retention of high affinity by using a TRPA column. Further, this purification method can be used on an industrial scale for the purification of antibody drugs.
Structural, Kinetic, and Theoretical Studies on Models of the Zinc‐Containing Phosphodiesterase Active Center: Medium‐Dependent Reaction Mechanisms (2007)

Dinuclear zinc(II) complexes [Zn(2)(bpmp)(mu-OH)](ClO(4))(2) (1) and [Zn(2)(bpmp)(H(2)O)(2)](ClO(4))(3) (2) (H-BPMP=2,6-bis[bis(2-pyridylmethyl)aminomethyl]-4-methylphenol) have been synthesized, structurally characterized, and pH-driven changes in metal coordination observed. The transesterification reaction of 2-hydroxypropyl p-nitrophenyl phosphate (HPNP) in the presence of the two complexes was studied both in a water/DMSO (70:30) mixture and in DMSO. Complex 2 was not reactive whereas for 1 considerable rate enhancement of the spontaneous hydrolysis reaction was observed. A detailed mechanistic investigation by kinetic studies, spectroscopic measurements ((1)H, (31)P NMR spectroscopy), and ESI-MS analysis in conjunction with ab initio calculations was performed on 1. Based on these results, two medium-dependent mechanisms are presented and an unusual bridging phosphate intermediate is proposed for the process in DMSO.
The Anti-Migraine Effects of M2000 (β-D-Mannuronic Acid) on a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Case Report (2017)

M2000 as a novel designed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with immunosuppressive property is able to treat migraine in addition to its potent efficacy on treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
21세기 유산소운동의 과학화를 위한 연구과제와 발전방안 (1997)

Aerobic exercise was the optimal program for the the increase of human fitness and health, and was performed in the condition of the proper oxygen supply. It could be suggested that aerobic exercise affected to the increase of health-related fitness and performance-related fitness. In this point, this study analyzed the past and present situation of aerobic exercise, and examined the academic factors and research project of aerobic exercise. In addition to, this study suggested the developmental process and perspectvies of scientific aerobic exercise. The scientific process of aerobic exercise was demanded the significance of value, academic meanings, and popularity. Research project must be investigated the topics of scientific development in the aerobic exercise, In the future, new start of aerobic exercise must be suggested for the scientifc development and healthful life of general people.