gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ATR-101, a Selective and Potent Inhibitor of Acyl-CoA Acyltransferase 1, Induces Apoptosis in H295R Adrenocortical Cells and in the Adrenal Cortex of Dogs (2016)

ATR-101 is a novel, oral drug candidate currently in development for the treatment of adrenocortical cancer. ATR-101 is a selective and potent inhibitor of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol O-acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1), an enzyme located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane that catalyzes esterification of intracellular free cholesterol (FC). We aimed to identify mechanisms by which ATR-101 induces adrenocortical cell death. In H295R human adrenocortical carcinoma cells, ATR-101 decreases the formation of cholesteryl esters and increases FC levels, demonstrating potent inhibition of ACAT1 activity. Caspase-3/7 levels and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nick end labeled-positive cells are increased by ATR-101 treatment, indicating activation of apoptosis. Exogenous cholesterol markedly potentiates the activity of ATR-101, suggesting that excess FC that cannot be adequately esterified increases caspase-3/7 activation and subsequent cell death. Inhibition of calcium release from the ER or the subsequent uptake of calcium by mitochondria reverses apoptosis induced by ATR-101. ATR-101 also activates multiple components of the unfolded protein response, an indicator of ER stress. Targeted knockdown of ACAT1 in an adrenocortical cell line mimicked the effects of ATR-101, suggesting that ACAT1 mediates the cytotoxic effects of ATR-101. Finally, in vivo treatment of dogs with ATR-101 decreased adrenocortical steroid production and induced cellular apoptosis that was restricted to the adrenal cortex. Together, these studies demonstrate that inhibition of ACAT1 by ATR-101 increases FC, resulting in dysregulation of ER calcium stores that result in ER stress, the unfolded protein response, and ultimately apoptosis.
Reduce environmental problems with proper land application of animal manure (2000) (2000)

Livestock or poultry production enterprises should have a comprehensive manure nutrient management plan to take advantage of the animal manure benefits. A plan is also important in reducing the risk of environmental problems when manure is used as a nutrient source for farm crops.
716. Addition of free radicals to unsaturated systems. Part V. The direction of addition to 1 : 1-difluoroprop-1-ene, 3 : 3 : 3-trifluoro-2-trifluoromethylprop-1-ene, and 3-chloro-3 : 3-difluoro-2-trifluoromethylprop-1-ene (1953)

R. N. Haszeldine, J. Chem. Soc., 1953, 3565 DOI: 10.1039/JR9530003565
1α, 25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub> specific regulation of growth, morphology, and fibronectin in a human osteosarcoma cell line (1985)

The ability of the hormonally active vitamin D metabolite, 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, to affect cell growth, morphology and fibronectin production has been examined using the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line. Hormone treatment reduced cell growth rate, saturation density and [3H]thymidine incorporation. Inhibition was specific for 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 relative to other vitamin D metabolites (1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 greater than 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 greater than 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 greater than D3), antagonized by high concentrations of serum and readily reversed by removal of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 from the culture medium. Hormone treatment also increased cell associated alkaline phosphatase activity up to twofold and altered morphology such that treated cells were more spread out on the culture dish and contained more cytoplasmic processes. Significantly, 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 increased cellular and medium concentrations of fibronectin, a glycoprotein known to be involved in cellular adhesiveness. MG-63 cells contain a specific 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor which may mediate these responses.
p‐Type α‐Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Nanowires and their n‐Type Transition in a Reductive Ambient (2007)

Switching the wires: p-Type α-Fe2O3 nanowires with ordered oxygen vacancies were synthesized without additional annealing. After a process of annealing in a reductive ambient, a p-type to n-type transition was achieved in a nanowire device (see graph and image). The observation of a p–n transition suggests potential applications for these nanowires in future nanodevice technologies. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2296/2007/z700004_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Chemiluminescence from reactions of bis(pentachlorophenyl)oxalate, hydrogen peroxide and fluorescent compounds. Kinetics and mechanism (1984)

The chemiluminescence arising from the reaction between bis(pentachlorophenyl)oxalate (PCPO) and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of the fluor 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA) has been examined in detail. The effects of varying reactant, base catalyst and fluor concentrations on chemiluminescence decay rates and quantum yields have been investigated and a mechanism which accounts for the kinetics of the reaction has been proposed. The rate-determining step is a reaction between PCPO and the hydroperoxide anion (OOH–) and does not involve the fluorescent activator. The lifetime of the reactive intermediate formed in the rate-determining step is short (5 × 10–7 s) and consistent with the proposed mechanism.
Andrology: Studies on the development of diluents for the transportation and storage of human semen at ambient temperature (1996)

Storage of human semen samples at ambient temperature for 24 h resulted in a significant loss of sperm motility from a mean 45.1 +/- 1.8% to 13.8 +/- 1.1% (n = 148). This motility loss was associated with a significant increase in the osmolality of the seminal plasma and the induction of peroxidative damage to the spermatozoa. Both of these detrimental changes could be prevented by diluting the original semen sample 1:1 with a citrate-egg yolk, buffer (CYB). In the presence of this extender all aspects of semen quality were efficiently preserved for 24 h, including sperm movement, penetration of a cervical mucus substitute, the acrosome reaction and sperm-oocyte fusion. CYB extension also permitted the use of chemiluminescent tests of leukocyte contamination to be performed on semen samples stored for 24 h at ambient temperatures. As a preservation medium, CYB was found to be superior to alternative formulations lacking citrate and storage at ambient temperatures was preferable to 4 degrees C. Significant improvements in motility retention were also observed when CYB was supplemented with pentoxifylline, although this treatment significantly stimulated peroxidative damage in the spermatozoa. However, if the pentoxifylline was combined with antioxidants then this collateral peroxidative damage could be reduced and the performance of CYB significantly enhanced. These results have implications for the design of diluents permitting the long-term storage and transportation of human semen samples at ambient temperatures.
[Stem cell. New approaches in the treatment of degenerative diseases]. (2012)

The review describes the mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells (SC) of the adult organism. The data on the orthodox and unorthodox ways of cell differentiation was summarized. We discuss various possibilities of stem cells in clinical practice. Particular attention is paid to methods of pharmacological regulation of endogenous SC. Presented their own experimental data on the efficacy of various drugs (neuropharmacological agents, cytokine drugs that alter the structure of the extracellular matrix compounds, pegylated polyethylene glycol to the biologically active compounds) on models of fibrosis and myelosuppression, influencing the function of stem cells.
Fuzzy clustering for TV program classification (2004)

In order to achieve TV program group recommendation, an approach based on fuzzy clustering is proposed for program classification. We first describe the XML based program description metadata representation, in which both textual and symbolic information is included. Secondly it presents the program feature extraction and presentation method. A program is defined as two vectors, one is based on term statistics implying what the program is about, and the other reflects broadcasting characteristics of the program. Then the classifying approach based on fuzzy clustering is proposed. The approach goes: normalizing original data, building fuzzy similarity matrix, and then clustering. The final fuzzy similarity matrix is constructed by combining two fuzzy similarity matrices calculated from two different aspects.
Long-Term Efficacy, Survival, and Safety of [177Lu-DOTA0,Tyr3]octreotate in Patients with Gastroenteropancreatic and Bronchial Neuroendocrine Tumors (2017)

<b>Purpose:</b> Bronchial and gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are slow-growing tumors, which frequently express somatostatin receptors on their cell membranes. These receptors are targets for therapy with Lutetium-177-labeled somatostatin analogues. We have treated over 1,200 patients with peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with [<sup>177</sup>Lu-DOTA<sup>0</sup>,Tyr<sup>3</sup>]octreotate (<sup>177</sup>Lu-DOTATATE) since the year 2000 and present the results on efficacy, survival, and toxicity of this therapy.<b>Experimental Design:</b> For safety analysis, 610 patients treated with a cumulative dose of at least 100 mCi (3.7 GBq) <sup>177</sup>Lu-DOTATATE were included. A subgroup of 443 Dutch patients who were treated with a cumulative dose of at least 600 mCi (22.2 GBq) <sup>177</sup>Lu-DOTATATE before 2013 was further analyzed for efficacy and survival.<b>Results:</b> The objective response rate of the total group of patients was 39%. Stable disease was reached in 43% of patients. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for all NET patients were 29 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 26-33 months] and 63 months (95% CI, 55-72 months). Long-term toxicity included acute leukemia in four patients (0.7%) and myelodysplastic syndrome in nine patients (1.5%). No therapy-related long-term renal or hepatic failure occurred.<b>Conclusions:</b> PRRT with <sup>177</sup>Lu-DOTATATE is a favorable therapeutic option in patients with metastatic bronchial and gastroenteropancreatic NETs that express somatostatin receptors. PRRT with <sup>177</sup>Lu-DOTATATE is safe with few side-effects and shows good response rates with PFS of 29 months and OS of 63 months. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(16); 4617-24. ©2017 AACR</i>.
GaSb-based diode lasers for power applications in the 2 /spl mu/m spectral range (2003)

This paper has realized quantum well diode lasers based on the (AlGaIn)(AsSb) material system. Broad-area (BA) lasers have been processed, high-reflection/anti-reflection (HR/AR) coated and the devices were mounted p-side down to improve heat sinking. In order to study the material gain of the GaInSb active layers and determine possible improvements of the power efficiency, a set of lasers with one, two and three quantum wells (QWs) have been fabricated and analyzed. Using an electro-optical model that includes the thermal effects in the active region, the optimum design for high power lasers is discussed considering the number of QWs.
General Requirements for Industrial Augmented Reality Applications (2018)

Augmented Reality is ascribed a great potential for many fields of application. Although Augmented Reality applications have been used successfully in medical or military contexts for many years, industrial applications are often perceived as isolated solutions that are only applicable in a defined and static work environment. This contribution matches general requirements for Augmented Reality applications with two case studies from an industrial context: an Augmented Reality-based assistance system for wind energy service technicians and an Augmented Reality-based welding simulator for education and training purposes. The authors critically discuss the applicability of these general requirements in the context of the case studies. Specific requirements can be identified for Augmented Reality applications that are caused, among other influences, by the variance of products and processes, work conditions, data connection issues as well as media literacy and technology acceptance. In both case studies, the authors identify approaches to meet the requirements for successful applications of Augmented Reality solutions in industrial scenarios.
Concerted Functions of Gab1 and Shp2 in Liver Regeneration and Hepatoprotection (2006)

Liver regeneration is a rapid and concerted response to injury, in which growth factor-generated intracellular signals result in activation of transcription factors, DNA synthesis, and hepatocyte proliferation. However, the link between cytoplasmic signals resulting in proliferative response to liver injury remains to be elucidated. We show here that association of Gab1 adaptor protein and Shp2 tyrosine phosphatase is a critical event at the early phase of liver regeneration. Partial hepatectomy (PH) rapidly and transiently induced assembly of a complex comprising Shp2 and tyrosine-phosphorylated Gab1 in wild-type hepatocytes. Consistently, liver-specific Shp2 knockout (LSKO) and liver-specific Gab1 knockout (LGKO) mice displayed very similar phenotypes of defective liver regeneration triggered by PH, including blunted extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) activation, decreased expression of immediate-early genes, and reduced levels of cyclins A, E, and B1, as well as suppression of hepatocyte proliferation. In contrast, the Akt and interleukin-6/Stat3 pathways were up-regulated posthepatectomy in LSKO and LGKO mice, accompanied by improved hepatoprotection. Collectively, this study establishes the physiological significance of the Gab1/Shp2 link in promoting mitogenic signaling through the Erk pathway in mammalian liver regeneration.
Next-generation Sequencing Extends the Phenotypic Spectrum for LCA5 Mutations: Novel LCA5 Mutations in Cone Dystrophy (2016)

We aim to characterize the clinical features and genetic causes for two affected siblings from a Chinese family with cone dystrophy (CD). Two patients and four unaffected family members were recruited and received complete ophthalmic examinations. Genomic DNA was isolated from the peripheral blood samples from all patients. Targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach followed by intrafamilal cosegregation and in silico analyses were employed to determine the genetic defects. Ophthalmic evaluations finalized the clinical diagnosis of CD for the two patients in this family, both of whom presented macular atrophy with no remarkable changes in the peripheral retina. Comprehensive genetic screening approach revealed biallelic missense mutations in the Leber congenital amaurosis 5 (LCA5) gene, p.[Ala212Pro];[Tyr441Cys], as disease causative for this family. Both mutations were novel. The first substitution was predicted to eliminate a hydrogen bond and alter the tertiary structure of lebercilin, protein encoded by LCA5. We for the first time report novel biallelic LCA5 mutations in causing CD. Our study extends the phenotypic and genotypic spectrums for LCA5-associated retinopathies and better illustrates its genotype-phenotype correlations, which would help with better genetic diagnosis, prognosis, and personalized treatment for CD patients.
Single Mode Fiber Optic Connectors And Splices (1984)

There is a trend toward increasing use of single mode transmission, particularly in telecommunications where high data bit rates are transmitted for long distances. Inter-connections of multimode fibers can be made in a number of ways, using ferrules, v-grooves, elastomeric splices, etc. However, the connection of single mode fibers, which have core diameters of 4 to 13 μm, requires more precise alignment than do the multimode fibers having core diameters of 50 μm or more. At TRW, we have adapted the four rod alignment guide concept for single mode fiber inter-connections. The principle of this OPTAGUIDE* alignment guide is presented. The single mode connectors and splices use the four rod scheme with an index matching material to eliminate or reduce the losses incurred through fiber end roughness or angularity. We are able to produce demountable connectors for 80/4.4 pm fibers having typical insertion losses of 1.0dB. The main factors in obtaining this result are the naturally precise fiber alignment provided by the alignment guide, and the ability of several manufacturers to maintain tight diametral and core offset tolerances. The single mode OPTALIGN* SM Connectors have been subjected to performance and environmental tests including repeated matings, temperature cycle and vibration. The results of these tests are described in this paper. A feature of the OPTALIGN* SM Connectors is the relative ease and speed of attachment to fiber optic cable in the field, without the use of epoxy or polishing procedures. The alignment guide concept has also been applied to permanent single mode splices. The splicing procedure is simple to perform in the field without expensive or delicate equipment. Construction and assembly procedures of the demountable connectors and permanent splices will be described with the aid of diagrams and photographs.
Light field imaging coding: Performance assessment methodology and standards benchmarking (2016)

It is well known that the conventional ways to capture the light around us are limited and thus provide a limited user experience, notably in terms of parallax capabilities. As this has been preventing 3D systems to explode in the market, significant advances are emerging in terms of light capturing technologies among which is relevant to highlight the socalled light field cameras which capture a richer representation of the visual scene by measuring the light intensity for each direction and for each pixel position. Considering the huge amount of light intensity data involved, efficient compression becomes a must. In this context, this paper addresses the light field coding challenge by using available image coding standard solutions. With this target in mind, this paper proposes first a compression performance assessment methodology and presents after the compression performance of the direct, fully compatible usage of the main image coding standards available, notably JPEG, JPEG 2000, H.264/AVC Intra and HEVC Intra for a representative set of light field images. While the expected conclusion is that HEVC Intra is the most efficient codec, other less expected conclusions emerge.
Process characterization of aluminum ribbon bond (2007)

Increase in wire connections has known to gain in Rdson electrical performance. The complexity of this multiple bonding process has impact on throughput reduction. Ribbon allows the creation of an interconnect with larger cross section to substitute multiple wires to be bonded with no sacrifice on the electrical performances whilst gaining higher throughput. The conventional parallel bonding for ribbon interconnect has limit the design rule boundary to have bigger die size and disallow twisting of the ribbon. Large forced angle bonding resulted in ribbon heel crack and tear off at the twisting interface. This study will cover the inter-relationship bonding tool selection, equipment and process parameters characterization on ribbon bond with non-parallel bonding. The methodologies applied include corner matrix study, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and full factorial DOE through DMAIC approach to resolve ribbon heel crack and teal off.
Evaluation of Jitter by Stimulated Single-Fiber Electromyography in Normal Dogs (2003)

Single-fiber electromyography (SFEMG), a technique used to investigate neuromuscular transmission, has been described previously in the pelvic limb of dogs. Because preferential involvement of isolated muscle groups can occur in disorders of neuromuscular transmission, SFEMG waabone in the peroneus longus (PL), extensor carpi radialis (ECR), and orbicularis oculi (OO) muscles of 10 adult, clinically normal dogs. Jitter was calculated as the mean absolute value of the consecutive differences in latency of 50 single muscle fiber action potentials after stimulation of intramuscular nerve bundles at the level of the motor point in at least 20 muscle fibers per muscle. Bilateral recordings were performed in 3 dogs. Mean jitter values were determined for each muscle, and differences among muscle groups and among dogs were compared. The upper limits of mean consecutive difference (mean plus 3 standard deviations) for the PL, ECR, and OO muscles were 21.94, 22.53, and 23.39 μs, respectively, and the upper limit of mean consecutive difference for individual muscle fibers in the respective fiber pools was 28.62, 36.39, and 35.68 (JLs. Jitter values for the ECR and OO were significantly higher than the jitter value for the PL muscle (P < .05). Significant differences among muscles or dogs or between sides were not observed for the ECR. Significant differences among dogs were observed for OO jitter values and were attributed to extremely low jitter values in 1 dog. Significant differences were demonstrated between sides for the PL and were attributed to small sample size. Results of this study provide normative data that can be used in the application of the stimulated SFEMG technique to dogs with suspected disorders of neuromuscular transmission.
Enhancement of field emission of carbon nanotubes arrays formed by self-assembled microspheres (2011)

In this paper, a novel design of CNTs arrays is studied to enhance the field emission by using self-assembled microspheres as mask. The schematics in both 3-D of the unclose-packed microspheres deposited on top of the catalyst on the substrate was shown. The unclose-packed microspheres can be formed by using self-assembled approaches. The microspheres act as the mask during the growth of CNTs, which enables the CNTs arrays to be formed between the microspheres. This design of the CNTs arrays leads to significant enhancement of the local electric field due to the suppression of the screening effect. The comparison of the local electric field for the CNTs arrays without and with microspheres was shown. The calculation of the local electric field is based on the finite element analysis. The CNTs arrays with microspheres as mask exhibit significant enhancement of the local electric field as compared to that of the conventional CNTs arrays. Note that the aspect ratio and density of CNTs are kept the same.
LAPACK Working Note 37: Two Dimensional Basic Linear Algebra Communication Subprograms (1991)

In this paper, we describe extensions to a proposed set of linear algebra communication routines for communicating and manipulating data structures that are distributed among the memories of a distributed memory MIMD computer. In particular, recent experience shows that higher performance can be attained on such architectures when parallel dense matrix algorithms utilize a data distribution that views the computational nodes as a logical two dimensional mesh. The motivation for the BLACS continues to be to increase portability, efficiency and modularity at a high level. The audience of the BLACS are mathematical software experts and people with large scale scientific computation to perform. A systematic effort must be made to achieve a de facto standard for the BLACS.