gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A combination method for ultrasonic speckle suppression (2002)

Speckle suppressing is an important research subject in ultrasonic imaging systems. Here, the authors combine the adaptive weighted median filtering and the multiscale soft thresholding method together to effectively reduce the speckle noise while preserving the resolvable details. The problems are solved in this method which are the detail preservations in adaptive filtering and the suitable thresholds selecting in soft thresholding method while the signal-to-noise ratio is unknown. Comparisons of this novel method with single adaptive weighted mean filtering or the multiscale soft thresholding method are also presented in the paper.
A New Technique of Compound Semiconductor Deposition from an Aqueous Solution by Photochemical Reactions (1997)

CdS films were successfully formed on a glass substrate in an aqueous solution containing S 2 O 3 2- and Cd 2+ ions by photochemical reaction. S 2 O 3 2- ions in the growth solution absorb ultra-violet light of wavelengths shorter than about 300 nm, and the excited S 2 O 3 2- ions supply sulfur atoms and electrons to the metal ions such as Cd 2+ . Thus, the formation reaction of the sulfide semiconductor occurs in the only illuminated region. Photochemically deposited CdS thin films were polycrystalline of hexagonal structure. The composition of the films became stoichiometric by the annealing at temperatures higher than 300° C.
Comparison of Neutralizing Epitopes among Infectious Bursal Disease Viruses Using Radioimmunoprecipitation (1995)

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were used to analyze the relatedness of neutralizing epitopes of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) strains. The MAb B69 neutralized the homologous D78 virus but not the MD and Del-A variant strains of IBDV. MAbs 33E8 and R63 neutralized D78 and variant strains MD and Del-A. A cDNA clone consisting of a 1000-base-pair fragment of the VP2 gene from the Del-A IBDV strain was translated using an in vitro system. Six peptides were observed following translation, which represented a full-length product (35.5 kilodaltons) and five truncated products. The translated peptides were radioimmunoprecipitated using MAbs B69, 33E8, and R63. Only MAb R63 immunoprecipitated the in vitro translation products from Del-A. MAbs B69 and 33E8 did not immunoprecipitate the in vitro-translated VP2 peptides. The D78 and Del-A viruses were radiolabeled in vivo using 35S-methionine. Proteins from these viruses were examined by radioimmuno-precipitation with MAbs B69, 33E8, and R63. Although the background made interpretation of the results difficult for MAb B69, this MAb clearly immunoprecipitated VP2 of D78. MAb 33E8 immunoprecipitated the D78 VP3 protein, and R63 immunoprecipitated the VP2 protein. MAb R63 also immunoprecipitated the 35S-methionine-labeled VP2 protein from Del-A. It was concluded that the neutralizing epitope represented by 33E8 was located on VP3 and that the epitope represented by R63 is located on both classic and variant viruses in the region of VP2 that is generally thought to contain sequence variability among IBDV strains.
Affinity Monoliths for Ultrafast Immunoextraction (2005)

Affinity monoliths based on a copolymer of glycidyl methacrylate and ethylene dimethacrylate were developed for ultrafast immunoextractions. Rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) and anti-FITC antibodies were used as model ligands for this work. The antibody content of the monoliths was optimized by varying both the polymerization and immobilization conditions for preparing such supports. The temperature and porogen composition used during polymerization showed significant effects on monolith morphology and on the amount of antibodies that could be coupled to these materials. The effects of various immobilization procedures and coupling conditions were also evaluated, including the coupling temperature, pH, protein concentration, and use of high buffer concentrations. The maximum ligand density obtained for rabbit IgG was approximately 60 mg/g. When a 4.5 mm i.d. x 0.95 mm monolith disk containing anti-FITC antibodies was used, 95% extraction of fluorescein was achieved in 100 ms. These properties make such monoliths attractive for work in the rapid isolation of analytes from biological samples. Similar columns can be developed for other targets by varying the types of antibodies or binding agents placed within the monoliths.
Arcticiflavibacter luteus gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from intertidal sand (2015)

A yellow-pigmented, rod-shaped, non-flagellated, aerobic and Gram-reaction-negative bacterium, designated strain SM1212T, was isolated from intertidal sand of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SM1212T constituted a distinct lineage within the family Flavobacteriaceae. It shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with the type strains of Bizionia echini (96.0 %), Lacinutrix jangbogonensis (95.8 %) and Psychroserpens damuponensis (95.7 %) and < 95.6 % sequence similarity with other recognized species in the family Flavobacteriaceae. The strain grew at 4-35 °C and with 0-6.0 % (w/v) NaCl. It hydrolysed gelatin, DNA, starch and Tween 80 but did not reduce nitrate to nitrite. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, anteiso-C15 : 1 A, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH, C17 : 0 2-OH and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and the major respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-6. Polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified phospholipid, one unidentified aminophospholipid, three unidentified aminolipids and nine unidentified lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain SM1212T was 36.6 mol%. On the basis of data from this polyphasic study, strain SM1212T represents a novel species in a new genus in the family Flavobacteriaceae, for which the name Arcticiflavibacter luteus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Arcticiflavibacter luteus is SM1212T ( = MCCC 1K00234T = KCTC 32514T).
A New Driving Method for Crosstalk Compensation in Simple-matrix LCDs. (1993)

LCDs have been analyzed from the viewpoint of drive -signal waveform distortions A new driving method has been developed to reduce these distortions In this new driving method, the "scanning-line-negative-feedback" (SNF) method, the drive signal distortion
Glutamate receptor mutations in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders (2014)

Alterations in glutamatergic neurotransmission have long been associated with psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders (PNDD), but only recent advances in high-throughput DNA sequencing have allowed interrogation of the prevalence of mutations in glutamate receptors (GluR) among afflicted individuals. In this review we discuss recent work describing GluR mutations in the context of PNDDs. Although there are no strict relationships between receptor subunit or type and disease, some interesting preliminary conclusions have arisen. Mutations in genes coding for ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits, which are central to synaptic transmission and plasticity, are mostly associated with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders. In contrast, mutations of metabotropic GluRs, having a role on modulating neural transmission, are preferentially associated with psychiatric disorders. Also, the prevalence of mutations among GluRs is highly heterogeneous, suggesting a critical role of certain subunits in PNDD pathophysiology. The emerging bias between GluR subtypes and specific PNDDs may have clinical implications.
Viral aggregation: effects of salts on the aggregation of poliovirus and reovirus at low pH (1978)

As a first step toward the understanding of virus particle interactions in water, we have used the modified single particle analysis test to follow the aggregation of poliovirus and reovirus as induced by low pH in suspensions containing varying amounts of dissolved salts. Salts composed of mono-, di-, and trivalent cations and mono- and divalent anions were tested for their ability to reduce or increase the aggregation of these viruses in relation to that obtained by low pH alone. Mono- and divalent cations in concentrations covering those in natural waters were generally found to cause a decrease in aggregation, with the divalent cations having a much greater effectiveness than the monovalent cations. Trivalent ions (Al3+), in micromolar concentrations, were found to cause aggregation over that at low pH alone. Anions, whether monovalent or divalent, had little ability to produce inhibition of viral aggregation, and thus the overall effects were due almost exclusively to the cation. This was true regardless of whether the overall charge on the virus particle was positive or negative, as determined by the relation between the isoelectric point and the pH at which the tests were carried out. Thus, whereas virus particles conform to classical colloid theory in many respects, there are specific exceptions which must be taken into account in the design of any experiment in which viral aggregation is a factor.
Direct Synthesis of Iron, Cobalt, Nickel, and Copper Complexes of N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes by Using Commercially Available Metal Powders (2009)

Move to the first row: Simple and practical synthetic methods have been developed for metal complexes of N-heterocyclic carbenes. A number of FeII, CoII, NiII, as well as divalent and mixed-valent Cu carbene complexes were obtained in good yields by treating metal powders with imidazolium salts in the presence of Ag2O or air. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Anodization of Tantalum Over the Temperature Range 0° to 250°C (1970)

Tantalum was anodized at constant current in an aqueous electrolyte over the temperature range 0°–250°C. The voltage build‐up was linear up to a voltage at which crystallization of the oxide occurred. The "crystallization voltage" decreased with increasing temperature. The change of the voltage build‐up rates with temperature was not compatible with the single barrier law for high field ionic conduction. In spite of the extended temperature range, it was not possible to distinguish between ionic current ()‐field () relations of the form In and In . Current efficiencies were determined from charge and optical film thickness. The current efficiencies were (a) essentially constant up to a formation temperature of about 170°C and (b) decreased by about 30% between 170° and 250°C. Capacitance and loss angle of "equal charge" films increased with anodization temperatures higher than about 180°C. Oxygen dissolution in the tantalum substrate was suggested as the likely cause.
COMPUTER ANALYSIS OF RADIOLIGAND ASSAY AND RADIOIMMUNOASSAY DATA (1970)

ABSTRACT A computer program written in extended BASIC (BIICAC) is described for analysis of radioimmunoassay and competitive protein binding assay data. This method uses logit and log transformations to obtain a linear dose responsive curve, followed by unweighted and iterated weighted least squares regression analysis (similar to probit analysis). The standard curve is plotted by computer, and potency estimates and confidence limits are obtained for unknowns. This program has been used successfully in a fully automated data processing system using a time-sharing computer service. 1
Synthetic aperture radiometer systems (1999)

Aperture synthesis is an emerging technology for passive microwave remote sensing from space. It is an interferometric technique similar to earth rotation synthesis employed in radio astronomy in which pairs of small antennas and signal processing are used to obtain the resolution of a single large antenna. The technique has the potential to overcome the barriers that antenna size has plated on passive microwave remote sensing from space. The technique has been demonstrated successfully for remote sensing at L-band with the aircraft prototype ESTAR. New aircraft instruments are under development and proposals have been submitted for instruments to demonstrate this technology in space.
Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy Type 1 Is Caused by the Accumulation of Two Neurotoxic Sphingolipids (2010)

HSAN1 is an inherited neuropathy found to be associated with several missense mutations in the SPTLC1 subunit of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT). SPT catalyzes the condensation of serine and palmitoyl-CoA, the initial step in the de novo synthesis of sphingolipids. Here we show that the HSAN1 mutations induce a shift in the substrate specificity of SPT, which leads to the formation of the two atypical deoxy-sphingoid bases (DSBs) 1-deoxy-sphinganine and 1-deoxymethyl-sphinganine. Both metabolites lack the C(1) hydroxyl group of sphinganine and can therefore neither be converted to complex sphingolipids nor degraded. Consequently, they accumulate in the cell, as demonstrated in HEK293 cells overexpressing mutant SPTLC1 and lymphoblasts of HSAN1 patients. Elevated DSB levels were also found in the plasma of HSAN1 patients and confirmed in three groups of HSAN1 patients with different SPTLC1 mutations. The DSBs show pronounced neurotoxic effects on neurite formation in cultured sensory neurons. The neurotoxicity co-occurs with a disturbed neurofilament structure in neurites when cultured in the presence of DSBs. Based on these observations, we conclude that HSAN1 is caused by a gain of function mutation, which results in the formation of two atypical and neurotoxic sphingolipid metabolites.
Computational Paradigms in Nanoelectronics: Quantum Coupled Single Electron Logic and Neuromorphic Networks (1996)

We describe a new class of nanoelectronic circuits where circuit functions are derived from cooperative, quantum mechanical interactions between single electrons confined in arrays of quantum dots. Two specific architectures are examined: (i) quantum coupled logic in which Boolean logic functions are implemented by quantum mechanical spin-spin interactions between single electrons in arrays of quantum dots, and (ii) quantum neuromorphic networks that exploit the complex spatial and temporal evolution of discrete charge in an ensemble of non-linearly interacting quantum dots to elicit collective computational behavior. The first class of circuits includes combinational and sequential digital systems. Both logically irreversible elements such as half-adders, S-R flip-flops, shift registers, ring counters, etc., and reversible Feynman gates for quantum computation have been designed in this paradigm. These circuits can be endowed with the required “unidirectional” (non-reciprocal) character that previous (flawed) designs of similar circuits lacked. The second class of circuits comprises discrete Hopfield networks which utilize single electron tunneling events in arrays of metallic islands to perform neuromorphic computation. They can solve NP-complete optimization problems (such as the traveling salesman problem), produce associative memory effects and also exhibit rudimentary image-processing capability.
The Formation of Hydroxyapatite-Ionomer Cements at 38°C (1994)

This study describes the formation of a calcium polyacrylate-hydroxyapatite cement. Our hypothesis was that calcium phosphates would rapidly hydrolyze in the presence of polyacrylic acid (PAA) to form a cement. PAA, tetracalcium phosphate (TetCP), and dicalcium phosphate (DCP) were reacted together and formed calcium polyacrylate (CPA) and hydroxyapatite(HAp) within 10 h at 38 degrees C, resulting in hardened masses. Reaction times increased with decreasing (HApreactants)/PAA ratios. In the first of three reaction stages, the pH increased while CPA and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) formed. Two steady-state pH conditions occurred during the second stage as TetCP reacted with DCPD and DCP. The first steady-state pH was the result of DCPD and TetCP reacting at near-equilibrium conditions. The second steady-state pH resulted as the reaction became limited by DCP dissolution. The third, diffusionally controlled, stage occurred as DCP and previously formed HA preacted to produce calcium-deficient HAp (Ca/P = 1.5). The emphasis of this investigation was to establish the mechanistic path involved and the rate-limiting steps of the reaction.
Optimal Short-term Power Dispatch Scheduling for a Wind Farm with Battery Energy Storage System (2015)

The penetration of renewable energy is increasing rapidly in recent years due to the environmental concerns. The intermittent nature of renewable energy makes the dispatch of the grid a major challenge. Hence, there are many restrictions stipulated for the integration of the renewable energy. The development of battery energy storage systems (BESS) enables the renewable generation with flexible operation and to meet the requirements of the grid. In this paper, an optimal power dispatch scheduling method based on model predictive control (MPC) scheme is proposed for a wind farm with battery energy storage system. The objective of the proposed method is to minimize the energy loss of the wind farm and the battery usage while meeting the grid constraints. During the operation process, the information of wind farm output and battery state is update continuously and short-term power dispatch is scheduled by wind speed forecast within the optimal horizon. The proposed optimization problem is solved by a differential evolution (DE) algorithm at each time interval. Finally, the novel short-term wind power dispatch scheme is demonstrated in a 30MW wind farm test case with historic wind speed data. © 2015, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Inconsistenties in de Arbeidstijdenwet: Wiskunde toegepast in de weerbarstige praktijk (2019)

Dat de praktijk vaak weerbarstiger is dan de theorie, zien we terug bij het maken van personeelsroosters. Het breed bestudeerde personeelsplanningsprobleem blijkt onder invloed van inconsistenties in wetgeving lastig wiskundig te formuleren. Daarnaast dragen de gestelde regels in de huidige vorm niet altijd bij aan de beoogde doelen van de wetgeving. In deze bijdrage gaan wij in op een aantal van de inconsistenties in de Nederlandse Arbeidstijdenwet.
Your Data Center Switch is Trying Too Hard (2016)

We present Sourcey, a new data center network architecture with extremely simple switches. Sourcey switches have no CPUs, no software, no forwarding tables, no state, and require no switch configuration. Sourcey pushes all control plane functions to servers. A Sourcey switch supports only source-based routing. Each packet contains a path through the network. At each hop, a Sourcey switch pops the top label on the path stack and uses the label value as the switch output port number. The major technical challenge for Sourcey is to discover and monitor the network with server-only mechanisms. We design novel algorithms that use only end-to-end measurements to efficiently discover network topology and detect failures.
In Vitro, In Vivo and In Silico Analysis of the Anticancer and Estrogen-like Activity of Guava Leaf Extracts (2014)

Anticancer drug research based on natural compounds enabled the discovery of many drugs currently used in cancer therapy. Here, we report the in vitro, in vivo and in silico anticancer and estrogen-like activity of Psidium guajava L. (guava) extracts and enriched mixture containing the meroterpenes guajadial, psidial A and psiguadial A and B. All samples were evaluated in vitro for anticancer activity against nine human cancer lines: K562 (leukemia), MCF7 (breast), NCI/ADR-RES (resistant ovarian cancer), NCI-H460 (lung), UACC-62 (melanoma), PC-3 (prostate), HT-29 (colon), OVCAR-3 (ovarian) and 786-0 (kidney). Psidium guajava's active compounds displayed similar physicochemical properties to estradiol and tamoxifen, as in silico molecular docking studies demonstrated that they fit into the estrogen receptors (ERs). The meroterpene-enriched fraction was also evaluated in vivo in a Solid Ehrlich murine breast adenocarcinoma model, and showed to be highly effective in inhibiting tumor growth, also demonstrating uterus increase in comparison to negative controls. The ability of guajadial, psidial A and psiguadials A and B to reduce tumor growth and stimulate uterus proliferation, as well as their in silico docking similarity to tamoxifen, suggest that these compounds may act as Selective Estrogen Receptors Modulators (SERMs), therefore holding significant potential for anticancer therapy.
Kalman filters for non-linear systems: a comparison of performance (2004)

The Kalman filter is a well-known recursive state estimator for linear systems. In practice, the algorithm is often used for non-linear systems by linearizing the system's process and measurement models. Different ways of linearizing the models lead to different filters. In some applications, these 'Kalman filter variants' seem to perform well, while for other applications they are useless, When choosing a filter for a new application, the literature gives us little to rely on. This paper tries to bridge the gap between the theoretical derivation of a Kalman filter variant and its performance in practice when applied to a non-linear system, by providing an application-independent analysis of the performances of the common Kalman filter variants. This paper separates performance evaluation of Kalman filters into (i) consistency, and (ii) information content of the estimates; and it separates the filter structure into (i) the process update step, and (ii) the measurement update step. This decomposition provides the insights supporting an objective and systematic evaluation of the appropriateness of a particular Kalman filter variant in a particular application.
Improving Fracture Toughness of Glass/Epoxy Composites by Using Rubber Particles Together with Zirconium Toughened Alumina (ZTA) Nanoparticles. (2014)

The research aims to investigate the interlaminar fracture toughness of glass fiber/epoxy composites, which consist of the ZTA nanoparticles and the rubber particles. In general, the disadvantage of adding rubber particles into polymeric resin is the dramatic reduction of stiffness although the toughness could be modified accordingly. In order to enhance the fracture toughness of the fiber composites without sacrificing their stiffness, the ZTA nanoparticles in conjunction with the rubber particles were introduced into the epoxy matrix to form a hybrid nano composite. Experimental results obtained from tensile tests on bulk epoxy confirm the presumption that the reduction of the epoxy stiffness because of the presence of rubber particles can be effectively compensated by the ZTA nanoparticles. Furthermore, the fracture tests conducted on the double cantilever beam specimens revealed that the inclusion of ZTA nanoparticles together with the CSR particle can appreciably increase the fracture toughness of the glass/epoxy composites up to 82%. On the other hand, when the epoxy matrices were modified with CTBN rubber particles and ZTA nanoparticles, the improvement of the inter-laminar fracture toughness was around 48%. It is noted that the role of the ZTA nanoparticles on the fracture toughness of fiber composites with rubber-modified epoxy matrix is different. In contrast, for the CTBN-modified epoxy matrix, the ZTA nanoparticles can synchronously improve the fracture toughness of composites