gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An inositol phosphate glycan derived from a Trypanosoma brucei glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol mimics some of the metabolic actions of insulin. (1992)

Some of the acute actions of insulin may be mediated by an enzyme-modulating inositol phosphate glycan, produced by the insulin-sensitive hydrolysis of glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) that is structurally similar to a membrane protein anchor. An inositol glycan fragment from the structurally characterized Trypanosoma brucei variant surface glycoprotein GPI anchor is evaluated for insulin-mimetic antilipolytic activity. The fragment specifically and dose-dependently inhibits isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis. Like the effect of insulin, glycan-induced antilipolysis is blocked by the low Km cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor imazodan (CI-914) and the serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitor, okadaic acid, suggesting that the activation of both cAMP phosphodiesterase and serine/threonine protein phosphatases are necessary. Moreover, this fragment causes a specific and dose-dependent inhibition of both microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.9) and cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11) activity. Additionally, direct addition of the glycan to hepatocytes caused marked inhibition of glucose production from pyruvate. These results suggest that the direct modification of the activities of these two gluconeogenic enzymes by an inositol glycan may play a role in the inhibition of glucose output by insulin and provide the first evidence for the insulin-mimetic properties of a chemically characterized inositol glycan.
Non-enzymatic glycosylation of protein: a form of molecular aging. (1981)

Aldoses and ketoses react non-enzymatically with amino groups on proteins. The rates for individual amino groups differ widely. Hb AIc, the product of reaction of glucose and the N terminal amino group on beta chains, is normally present inside erythrocytes at about 4% of total haemoglobin. It is 3--5 fold increase in diabetics. Other fast haemoglobins are glycosylation products as well. The condensation between glucose and amino group first and rapidly leads to the formation of an aldimine (Schiff base) which then is slowly rearranged to give a ketoamine. The importance of the above reaction is outlined for other amino groups on haemoglobin and for many other proteins. Its role in the diabetic complications and in molecular aging in general is discussed.
Nitric oxide and cGMP cause vasorelaxation by activation of a charybdotoxin-sensitive K channel by cGMP-dependent protein kinase. (1994)

Nitric oxide (NO)-induced relaxation is associated with increased levels of cGMP in vascular smooth muscle cells. However, the mechanism by which cGMP causes relaxation is unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that activation of Ca-sensitive K (KCa) channels, mediated by a cGMP-dependent protein kinase, is responsible for the relaxation occurring in response to cGMP. In rat pulmonary artery rings, cGMP-dependent, but not cGMP-independent, relaxation was inhibited by tetraethylammonium, a classical K-channel blocker, and charybdotoxin, an inhibitor of KCa channels. Increasing extracellular K concentration also inhibited cGMP-dependent relaxation, without reducing vascular smooth muscle cGMP levels. In whole-cell patch-clamp experiments, NO and cGMP increased whole-cell K current by activating KCa channels. This effect was mimicked by intracellular administration of (Sp)-guanosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphorothioate, a preferential cGMP-dependent protein kinase activator. Okadaic acid, a phosphatase inhibitor, enhanced whole-cell K current, consistent with an important role for channel phosphorylation in the activation of NO-responsive KCa channels. Thus NO and cGMP relax vascular smooth muscle by a cGMP-dependent protein kinase-dependent activation of K channels. This suggests that the final common pathway shared by NO and the nitrovasodilators is cGMP-dependent K-channel activation.
Risk Adjustment in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program: A Comparison of Logistic Versus Hierarchical Modeling (2009)

When applied to ACS-NSQIP data, logistic and hierarchical models provided nearly identical results with respect to identification of hospitals' observed-to-expected events ratio outliers. As hierarchical models are prone to implementation problems, logistic regression will remain an accurate and efficient method for performing risk adjustment of hospital quality comparisons.
Mechanism and Regulation of Ethanol Elimination in Humans: Intermolecular Hydrogen Transfer and Oxidoreduction in Vivo (1988)

Ethanol metabolism was studied in four healthy volunteers by intravenous infusion of a mixture of [1,1-2H2]ethanol (1.0 mmol/kg) and [2,2,2-2H3]ethanol (1.0 mmol/kg) followed by blood sampling at 10-min intervals. The concentrations of ethanols labeled with 1, 2, 3, and 4 deuterium atoms were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of the 3,5-dinitrobenzoates. During the first 30 min mono- and tetradeuteriated molecules appeared rapidly, which indicates that a fraction of the ethanol was formed from acetaldehyde by exchange. This fraction was calculated to be 38-58% and the hydrogen incorporated during the reduction was mainly (63-82%) derived from C-1 of ethanol, indicating slow exchange of enzyme-bound NADH. After 30 min the elimination followed first-order kinetics with t1/2 of 18-31 min and with a small primary isotope effect (1.05-1.11). This indicates almost complete removal of ethanol from blood passing through the liver when the concentration is low (below 1 mM). The results indicate that as long as hepatic blood flow is not limiting, the rate of alcohol dehydrogenase-catalyzed elimination of a small dose of ethanol in vivo is limited by the dissociation of NADH from the enzyme and by the rates of oxidation of acetaldehyde and reoxidation of NADH.
New Type of First-Order Phase Transition in Ferroelectric Thin Films (1973)

It is shown that the depolarization field in a ferroelectric thin film changes the order of the phase transition as well as the magnitude of the polarization and transition temperature.Received 27 October 1972DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.30.384©1973 American Physical Society
T lymphocytes in human atherosclerotic plaques are memory cells expressing CD45RO and the integrin VLA-1. (1992)

The cellular composition of human atherosclerotic plaques has been analyzed in several immunohistochemical studies in recent years. These studies have shown that the main cell types of the plaque are macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and T lymphocytes. To further characterize the T-lymphocyte population in atherosclerotic plaques, human plaque tissue was digested enzymatically and the released cells were labeled with fluorescent antibodies and analyzed by flow cytometry. Fifteen patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy were studied. Sixty-four percent of plaque T cells expressed the low-molecular-weight form (CD45RO) of the leukocyte common antigen (CD45). Many of these cells expressed the integrin very late activation antigen-1 (VLA-1), which suggests that they are in a state of late activation. In contrast, only 1% of peripheral blood T cells from the same patients expressed VLA-1. Other markers of T cell activation, such as Ta1 (CD26) and HLA-DR, were also increased on plaque T cells. The interleukin-2 receptor (CD25), which is transiently expressed after activation, was present on only a small proportion of the cells. Taken together, this analysis of plaque lymphocytes shows that the majority of plaque T cells are memory cells, many of which are in a state of late or chronic activation. This T-cell phenotype may be the result of a preferential recruitment and/or retention of activated peripheral blood T cells or local antigenic stimulation of resting T cells.
Placebo analgesia induced by social observational learning (2009)

Although it has long been known that psychosocial factors play a crucial role in placebo responses, no attempt has been made to understand if social observation shapes the placebo analgesic effect. To address this question, we compared placebo analgesia induced through social observation (Group 1) with first-hand experience via a typical conditioning procedure (Group 2) and verbal suggestion alone (Group 3). In Group 1, subjects underwent painful stimuli and placebo treatment after they had observed a demonstrator (actually a simulator) showing analgesic effect when the painful stimuli were paired to a green light. In Group 2, subjects were conditioned according to previous studies, whereby a green light was associated to the surreptitious reduction of stimulus intensity, so as to make them believe that the treatment worked. In Group 3, subjects received painful stimuli and were verbally instructed to expect a benefit from a green light. Pain perception was assessed by means of a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) ranging from 0=no pain to 10=maximum imaginable pain. Empathy trait and heart rate were also measured. We found that observing the beneficial effects in the demonstrator induced substantial placebo analgesic responses, which were positively correlated with empathy scores. Moreover, observational social learning produced placebo responses that were similar to those induced by directly experiencing the benefit through the conditioning procedure, whereas verbal suggestions alone produced significantly smaller effects. These findings show that placebo analgesia is finely tuned by social observation and suggest that different forms of learning take part in the placebo phenomenon.
Quinazolines. II. Oxidation of 2-aminoindoles and related compounds (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuinazolines. II. Oxidation of 2-aminoindoles and related compoundsKikuo Ishizumi, Shigeho Inaba, and Hisao YamamotoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 17, 2581–2587Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00931a028https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00931a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views183Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
SPC07-3: An Iterative QR-SIC Receiver for Concatenated Space Frequency Coding Schemes in Severe Multipath Channels (2006)

This paper studies an efficient receiver design for concatenated space-frequency coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems under severe multipath channels. The proposed receiver utilizes a turbo-like iterative QR decomposition based successive interference cancellation (QR-SIC) algorithm that exploits both spatial and frequency diversity inherent in the multipath multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) channel. Performance of the proposed receiver is evaluated via Monte Carlo simulations. Our results show that the proposed iterative QR-SIC scheme attains excellent performance improvements in severe multipath fading channels. In addition, the proposed scheme attains manageable receiver complexity since we only consider a maximum of 2-3 iterations.
"TOBE" o no "TOBE", actitudes para la práctica de la terapia ocupacional basada en la evidencia (TOBE) (2005)

En la decada de los 80 surge la denominada ?practica basada en la evidencia? como paradigma alternativo a la actuacion clinica basada exclusivamente en la opinion, experiencia o tradicion, ya que engloba a todas estas, y promueve la toma de decisiones segun la mejor evidencia cientifica disponible. Desde entonces, surgen organizaciones sanitarias y academicas, grupos de profesionales, publicaciones, bases de datos y cursos de formacion a nivel mundial destinados a divulgar, impulsar y aplicar la practica clinica basada en la evidencia. El objeto de este articulo es mostrar aquellas actitudes necesarias para la puesta en practica de la evidencia desde el enfoque del terapeuta ocupacional. Tras una revision bibliografica en PUBMED, CUIDEN y OTSeeker sobre evidencia y terapia ocupacional entre el periodo 1990 - 2005, se define y explica el proceso en que se basa la practica de la evidencia cientifica y que beneficios profesionales se consiguen con su implementacion. La conclusion es que la practica de la evidencia contribuye a la mejorar la actividad clinica, docente, investigadora y gestora del terapeuta ocupacional.
Acquired tamoxifen resistance in human breast cancer–potential mechanisms and clinical implications (1997)

The widespread use of the antiestrogen tamoxifen in the management of breast cancer has resulted in more patients eventually developing acquired resistance to the drug. Tumors may often retain sensitivity to further endocrine therapies despite resistance to tamoxifen. The basis for this partial form of acquired resistance in vivo has been the subject of several recent investigations and the likely mechanisms are reviewed in this article. Ineffective antiestrogen blockade could result from metabolic tolerance and inadequate intra-tumoral concentrations of the drug. Alternatively, there is experimental evidence that tamoxifen's partial agonist activity may be responsible for stimulation of tumor re-growth. Studies of the estrogen receptor (ER) have shown that in many cases expression of a fully functional wild-type receptor continues at relapse. Experimental evidence that mutant or variant forms of the receptor may account for resistance have not been confirmed by recent in vivo studies. There is some evidence for re-modeling of ER expression at relapse and it remains to be determined if there is enhanced sensitivity of ER+ cells to hormonal stimuli at relapse. Clonal selection of an ER- phenotype may occur in some instances, especially in patients with ER+ breast cancer who fail on adjuvant tamoxifen with relapse at distant sites. Finally, there is an increased understanding of the molecular pathways which regulate cell growth and apoptosis in hormone-sensitive cells and constitutive activation of these may provide the cell with a mechanism to bypass the requirement for estrogens. These advances in tumor biology have been matched by the clinical development of novel antiestrogens with less agonist activity and several clinical trials are ongoing to see if these new agents can delay the onset of acquired antiestrogen resistance.
Exploiting diversity: genetic approaches to creating highly potent and efficacious oncolytic viruses. (2008)

Oncolytic viruses possess several key attributes that make them a highly attractive treatment for cancer. They exhibit clinically validated synergy with chemotherapy and an ability to selectively destroy tumor cells to the exclusion of normal cells. Oncolytic viruses can replicate and, therefore, amplify their dose in a tumor-dependent manner. In addition, they can be genetically manipulated to include additional therapeutic factors to create a multimodal anticancer agent. These characteristics lead to the expectation that oncolytic viruses will serve as an additional tool in the treatment repertoire of clinical oncologists. In their clinical development to date, these agents were safe and well tolerated, but lacked efficacy as monotherapies. In this review, three genetic-based methods to increase the potency and efficacy of oncolytic viruses, in which human adenovirus is utilized as an example of a prototype oncolytic virus, are discussed.
Surface Charge Affects Cellular Uptake and Intracellular Trafficking of Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles (2011)

Chitosan-based nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in drug delivery, device-based therapy, tissue engineering, and medical imaging. In this aspect, a clear understanding of how physicochemical properties of these NPs affect the cytological response is in high demand. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of surface charge on cellular uptake profiles (rate and amount) and intracellular trafficking. We fabricate three kinds of NPs (∼ 215 nm) with different surface charge via SPG membrane emulsification technique and deposition method. They possess uniform size as well as identical other physicochemical properties, minimizing any differences between the NPs except for surface charge. Moreover, we extend our research to eight cell lines, which could help to obtain a representative conclusion. Results show that the cellular uptake rate and amount are both positively correlated with the surface charge in all cell line. Subsequent intracellular trafficking indicates that some of positively charged NPs could escape from lysosome after being internalized and exhibit perinuclear localization, whereas the negatively and neutrally charged NPs prefer to colocalize with lysosome. These results are critical in building the knowledge base required to design chitosan-based NPs to be used efficiently and specifically.
SrCu 2 O 2 : A <i>p</i>-type conductive oxide with wide band gap (1998)

SrCu 2 O 2 thin films were prepared on SiO2 glass substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The film deposited in O2 atmosphere of 7×10−4 Pa at 573 K showed high optical transmission in visible and near-infrared regions. Potassium was doped at Sr site for substitutional doping. The optical band gap of the K-doped film was estimated to be ∼3.3 eV. The dc electrical conductivity of the K-doped film at 300 K was 4.8×10−2 S cm−1 and the activation energy was 0.10 eV. Positive sign of Seebeck and Hall coefficients demonstrated the p-type conduction of the film. Hole concentration and mobility at 300 K were 6.1×1017 cm−3 and 0.46 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively.
Effects of Supplementation of Probiotics on the Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Faecal Microflora in Growing-finishing Pigs (2011)

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of Bacillus, Saccharomyces and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on performance and nutrient digestibility in grower and finisher pigs. In Exp. 1, 80 pigs (32 females and 48 males), 28.70.9 kg body weight (BW), were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups balanced for sex and weight (5 pigs per pen, 4 pens per treatment). They were fed one of four diets: a basal grower (20-50 kg BW) and finisher (>50 kg BW) diet without any addition of probiotic or antibiotic (diet C), the basal diet supplemented with Bacillus subtilis H4 (diet B), diet B supplemented with Saccharomyces boulardi Sb (diet BS) and diet BS supplemented with a LAB complex (diet BSL). The LAB complex consisted of Enterococcus faecium 6H2, Lactobacillus acidophilus C3, Pediococcus pentosaceus D7, and Lactobacillus fermentum NC1. In Exp. 2, 16 male pigs, 29.20.8 kg BW, were kept in individual pens and divided into 4 groups (4 pigs in each group). All 4 groups were given exactly the same growing-period diets (diet C, B, BS and BSL) as in Exp 1. The total faeces and urine were collected during 5 days (day 20-24) to determine nitrogen retention and total tract digestibility. In the growing period, average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not affected by diet B and BS (p>0.05), but ADG increased (+5.9%) (p<0.05) and FCR improved (+5.9%) (p<0.05) on diet BSL compared with the control, although ADFI was not different (p>0.05). Digestibility of crude protein and organic matter was higher (p<0.05) in diet BSL and digestibility of crude fibre was higher (p<0.05) in diet BS and BSL than in diet C. Nitrogen retention was not affected by diet (p>0.05). The faecal LAB counts were increased in grower pigs fed diet BSL (p<0.05) and faecal E. coli counts were decreased in pigs fed diets BS and BSL (p<0.05). In the finishing period, no effects of diet were found in ADFI, ADG, FCR, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen retention (p>0.05). Faecal LAB and E. coli counts in the finisher pigs were not affected by diet (p>0.05). In conclusion, the current study demonstrates that a mixture of bacteria and yeast has the potential to be used as a probiotic dietary supplement in grower pigs.
Purification of Monoclonal Antibodies (1997)

The uses of monoclonal antibodies as enzyme conjugates and as immunoaffinity reagents require their purification from the crude ascites fluid. This unit provides protocols for purification using protein A-Sepharose chromatography and affinity chromatography, which are superior to ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration, or ion-exchange chromatography for the preparation of contaminant-free antibody.
Advances in Compact Flotation Units (CFUs) for Produced Water Treatment. (2014)

The Cameron TST-CFU is the next generation compact flotation technology that uses induced gas, dissolved gas and centrifugal forces to separate and remove hydrocarbons, aromatic compounds, hydrophobic substances and small solid particles from produced water. The technology uses special internals for mixing of gas and oil through several stages within one vessel. Following extensive lab and field testing several full scale units have now been deployed. This next generation compact flotation unit is capable of handling higher inlet oil concentrations (over 1,000 ppm) and providing lower outlet OIW concentrations (less than 10ppm). The TST-CFU system requires less equipment, is less dependent on chemicals and can potentially replace multiple produced water treatment stages. This presentation will outline the technology and present field operating data where the TST CFU has been used to replace conventional produced water treatment technologies. It will address the oil removal performance of the TST-CFU from fields with high OIW concentrations and small oil droplet size distributions. The TST-CFU compact flotation unit, is specially designed to incorporate many new features which enhance equipment performance, reduce foot print, weight of equipment, reduce capital costs, operating costs, maintenance costs, and allows other applications including higher operating pressure and off gas containment.
L-Glutamate oxidase from Streptomyces violascens. I. Production, isolation and some properties. (1983)

L-Glutamate oxidase, a novel L-glutamic acid oxidizing enzyme, has been found in the culture broth of Streptomyces violascens. The enzyme has been purified 914-fold by precipitation with ammonium sulfate, affinity chromatography on L-glutamic acid-Sepharose 6B and L-glutamine-Sepharose 6B, hydroxyapatite chromatography and gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. The purified enzyme showed a single band on polyacryl-amide disc gel electrophoresis and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be about 60000. The purified enzyme exhibited a characteristic flavoprotein spectrum. The enzyme catalyzed the oxidation of L-glutamic acid and L-glutamine without a requirement for any exogenous cofactor.
Effects of Far-Infrared Irradiation on Myofascial Neck Pain: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study (2013)

Short-term treatment using the cFIR neck device partly reduced muscle stiffness. Although the differences in the VAS and PPT scores for the experimental and control groups were not statistically significant, the improvement in muscle stiffness in the experimental group warrants further investigation of the long-term effects of cFIR treatment for pain management.