gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Establishment of Cell Polarity in Yeast (1995)

The establishment of cell polarity is a central feature of morphogenesis in many types of cells (Schnepf 1986; Horvitz and Herskowitz 1992; Rodriguez-Boulan and Nelson 1993; Shapiro 1993; Priess 1994). Polarity establishment involves selection of an axis of polarization followed by the asymmetric organization of cytoskeletal elements, membranous organelles, components of the plasma membrane, and components of the extracellular matrix or cell wall along this axis. In budding yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cell polarization is vividly manifested during the vegetative cell cycle by the appearance and selective growth of the bud, which depends on the highly polarized movement of secretory vesicles carrying new cell-surface material, and perhaps of the Golgi cisternae that generate such vesicles (Preuss et al. 1992), to the bud site and into the growing bud. This movement appears to depend primarily on the actin/myosin system (Bretscher et al. 1994; Welch et al. 1994; Govindan et al....
CRA-026440: a potent, broad-spectrum, hydroxamic histone deacetylase inhibitor with antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activity <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> (2006)

CRA-026440 is a novel, broad-spectrum, hydroxamic acid-based inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC) that shows antitumor and antiangiogenic activities in vitro and in vivo preclinically. CRA-026440 inhibited pure recombinant isozymes HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3/SMRT, HDAC6, HDAC8, and HDAC10 in the nanomolar range. Treatment of cultured tumor cell lines grown in vitro with CRA-026440 resulted in the accumulation of acetylated histone and acetylated tubulin, leading to an inhibition of tumor cell growth and the induction of apoptosis. CRA-026440 inhibited ex vivo angiogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. CRA-026440 parenterally given to mice harboring HCT116 or U937 human tumor xenografts resulted in a statistically significant reduction in tumor growth. CRA-026440, when used in combination with Avastin, achieved greater preclinical efficacy in HCT 116 colorectal tumor model. Inhibition of tumor growth was accompanied by an increase in the acetylation of alpha-tubulin in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and an alteration in the expression of many genes in the tumors, including several involved in angiogenesis, apoptosis, and cell growth. These results reveal CRA-026440 to be a novel HDAC inhibitor with potent antitumor activity.
Possible use of quantoscopes—new devices with electron-beam-scanned semiconductor lasers—in large-screen color projection television systems (1980)

A brief description is given of the use of quantoscopes, which are new devices based on electron-beam-scanned semiconductor lasers, in projection of images on a screen of 12 m2 area. Consideration is given to the possibility of construction of a color television projector with three quantoscopes generating the primary colors.
Preparation and Properties of a Soluble Polypyrrole−Polypyridyl−Ruthenium(II)−Viologen Dyad (2003)

Two different kinds of bisviologen-linked [Ru(bpy)3]2+ complexes bearing pyrrole groups were synthesized. We attempt to photopolymerize these dyad systems in the presence of an irreversible oxidative species (O2 or diazonium salts). The success of the photopolymerization appears to be strongly dependent on the design of the dyad, i.e., the relative arrangement among the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ chromophore, the viologen acceptor, and the polymerizable pyrrole groups. Electrochemical and photophysical characterization of the monomers and of the soluble photopolymer has been made. The intramolecular electron transfer from the 3MLCT excited state of the Ru chromophore to the viologen groups has been evidenced as well as the reverse process. We pay special attention to the photostability of the viologen moieties in the presence of O2. The photodegradation of the monoreduced viologen in the presence of O2 provides an emissive species at 546 nm. This photodegradation is not observed in the polymer system. Finally, it has been found that electroreductive precipitation of the photopolymer allows the coating of electrode surfaces with electroactive films exhibiting the redox features of the dyad.
Weakly-calibrated stereo perception for rover navigation (2002)

Presents a vision system for autonomous navigation based on stereo perception without 3D reconstruction. This approach uses weakly calibrated stereo images, i.e. images for which only the epipolar geometry is known. The vision system first rectifies the images, matches selected points between the two images, and then computes the relative elevation of the points relative to a reference plane as well as the images of their projections on this plane. We have integrated this vision module into a complete navigation system. In this system, the relative elevation is used as a shape indicator in order to compute appropriate steering directions everytime a new stereo pair is processed. We have conducted initial experiments in unstructured, outdoor environments with an wheeled rover.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Gas-efficient deposition of device-quality hydrogenated amorphous silicon using low gas flows and power modulated radio-frequency discharges (2002)

Hydrogenated amorphous silicon samples have been deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition, using a square-wave amplitude-modulated radio-frequency excitation. In this article it will be shown that a combination of amplitude modulation and low gas flows improves the gas-utilization efficiency by a considerable amount. Using a conventional 50 MHz SiH4/H2 plasma with gas flows of 30 sccm, both for SiH4 and H2 at a pressure of 20 Pa, the gas-utilization efficiency is about 8%. It increases up to 50%, by modulating the amplitude of the radio-frequency excitation signal and reducing both gas flows to 10 sccm, keeping the pressure constant. In this case, the deposition rate amounted to 0.55 nm/s. The combination of amplitude modulation and gas flow reduction gives rise to sufficient ion bombardment and hydrogen dilution at low flows. Device-quality optoelectronic properties are obtained under these conditions. The refractive index at 2 eV is about 4.25 and the microstructure parameter has a value around 0.02. The electrical properties were also appropriate for solar cell application. The photo-to-dark-conductivity ratio varied between 105 and 107. The material exhibited a low defect density which is in the order of 1015–1016 cm−3. The Urbach energy amounted to 52 meV on the average.
Protease IV, a cytoplasmic membrane protein of Escherichia coli, has signal peptide peptidase activity. (1984)

During export of the outer membrane lipoprotein across the cytoplasmic membrane, the signal peptide of the lipoprotein undergoes two successive proteolytic attacks, cleavage of the signal peptide by signal peptidase and digestion of the cleaved signal peptide by an enzyme called signal peptide peptidase(s) (Hussain, M., Ichihara, S., and Mizushima, S. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 5177-5182; Hussain, M., Ozawa, Y., Ichihara, S., and Mizushima, S. (1982) Eur. J. Biochem. 129, 233-239). Here we report that protease IV, a cytoplasmic membrane protease, exhibits the signal peptide peptidase activity. The signal peptide peptidase activity was cofractionated with protease IV throughout the entire process of purification of the latter enzyme. Only the signal peptide was digested by the peptidase among membrane proteins. Both the signal peptide peptidase activity and the protease IV activity were inhibited to similar degrees by antipain, leupeptin, chymostatin, and elastatinal that are known to inhibit the signal peptide peptidase activity in the cell envelope. From these results we conclude that protease IV is the signal peptide peptidase that is responsible for signal peptide digestion in the cytoplasmic membrane. The peptidase attacked the signal peptide only after its release from the precursor protein.
Fundamentals of Toxicology: Essential Concepts and Applications (2016)

Fundamentals of Toxicology Essential Concepts and Applications , Fundamentals of Toxicology Essential Concepts and Applications , کتابخانه الکترونیک و دیجیتال - آذرسا
Managing the Patient with Venous Ulcers (2003)

Venous disease is the most common cause of leg ulcers. The refractory nature of venous ulcers affects the quality of life and work productivity of those persons afflicted. This, in combination with the high costs of long-term therapy, makes venous ulcers a major health problem in developed countries. Management of venous leg ulcers is based on understanding pathophysiologic abnormalities. In recent years, identifying prognostic factors for healing and developing novel therapeutic approaches for venous ulcers have offered valuable tools for the management of patients with this disorder.
Enclaves: enabling secure collaboration over the Internet (1997)

The rapid expansion of the Internet means that users increasingly want to interact with each other. Due to the openness and unsecure nature of the Net, users often have to rely on firewalls to protect their connections. Firewalls, however, make real-time interaction and collaboration more difficult. Firewalls are also complicated to configure and expensive to install and maintain, and they are inaccessible to small home offices and mobile users. The Enclaves approach is to transform user machines into "enclaves", which are protected from outside interference and attacks. Using Enclaves, a group of collaborators can dynamically form a secure virtual subnet within which to conduct their joint business. This paper describes the design and implementation of the Enclaves toolkit and some applications we have built using the toolkit.
Down-Regulation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Expression Using Vector-Based Small Interfering RNAs Suppresses Growth of Human Prostate Tumor <i>In vivo</i> (2005)

These data indicate that Stat3 signaling is a promising molecular target for prostate cancer therapy and that vector-based Stat3 siRNA may be useful as a therapeutic agent for treatment of prostate cancer.
It is time for our country to awaken to the demands of the times (2012)

During my address at last October’s National Conference & Exhibition, I mentioned the importance of recognizing and managing change. I said, “Pediatric practice is in the midst of significant change. We must be allowed to manage that change, to determine how best to anchor a new health care
In Situ Grazing‐Incidence Wide‐Angle Scattering Reveals Mechanisms for Phase Distribution and Disorientation in 2D Halide Perovskite Films (2020)

2D hybrid halide perovskites with the formula (A')<sub>2</sub> (A)<sub>n</sub> <sub>-1</sub> Pb<sub>n</sub> I<sub>3</sub> <sub>n</sub> <sub>+1</sub> have remarkable stability and promising efficiency in photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices, yet fundamental understanding of film formation, key to optimizing these devices, is lacking. Here, in situ grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) is used to monitor film formation during spin-coating. This elucidates the general film formation mechanism of 2D halide perovskites during one-step spin-coating. There are three stages of film formation: sol-gel, oriented 3D, and 2D. Three precursor phases form during the sol-gel stage and transform to perovskite, first giving a highly oriented 3D-like phase at the air/liquid interface followed by subsequent nucleations forming slightly less oriented 2D perovskite. Furthermore, heating before crystallization leads to fewer nucleations and faster removal of the precursors, improving orientation. This outlines the primary causes of phase distribution and perpendicular orientation in 2D perovskite films and paves the way for rationally designed film fabrication techniques.
Growth Modifiers, Antibiotics and Their Effects on Plant Growth (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGrowth Modifiers, Antibiotics and Their Effects on Plant GrowthLouis G. Nickell and Alexander C. FinlayCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1954, 2, 4, 178–182Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60024a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60024a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views660Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
THERMAL CRACKING OF USED OIL TO PRODUCE DISTILLATE GASOIL (2002)

Thermal cracking converts used motor oil into a commodity product, gasoil. This has the advantages of a broader market and specifications that are relatively easy to achieve. In 1995, a refinery, caliber thermal cracking process was successfully applied in a commercial operating plant by Great Northerm Processing Ltd (GNP) to produce a high yield of ASTM #2D diesel fuel from a feedstock of used engine crankcase oil. In 2002, Watco s.a., a Belgian waste management company, licensed the process and installed it at a site near Hautrage, Belgium. This paper presents thermal cracking as a means of converting used motor oil to value added products, primarily gasoil. Until recently, thermal cracking has not been well known in the waste management industry as a means for recycling of used motor oil. The objective of this paper is to explain the technical and commercial aspects of used oil thermal cracking to a general audience. (A)
Dynamic User Credential Management in Grid Environment (2005)

In grid computing, heterogeneous computing stations spread out in the world can connect to the grid and offer services or request services in a loosely coupled environment with <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">services-on-demand</i> style. Public key infrastructure (PKI) is the most widely adopted security infrastructure used in grid environments. We have developed a scheme for dynamic token generation in a grid environment ensuring more security and less hack proneness because of the dynamic changing of the token which is used in all transactions. The dynamic token thus generated forms part of the private key and the user id of the client provides the public key in terms of PKI. The dynamic token helps in establishing proof of origin to the receiver and also mutual trust (client verifies the identity of the server and server verifies identity of the client).
A new observation of the germanium outdiffusion effect on the hot carrier and nbti reliabilities in sub-100nm technology strained-Si/SiGe CMOS devices (2005)

In this paper, the evidence of SiGe layer induced trap generation and its correlation with enhanced degradation in strained-Si/SiGe CMOS devices have been reported for the first time. First, a new two-level charge pumping(CP) curve has been demonstrated to identify the Ge outdiffusion effect. Secondly, enhanced degradation in strained-Si devices has been clarified based on experimental results. Both n- and p-MOSFE's exhibit different extent of HC degradation effect. This is attributed to the difference in their mobility enhancement as well as additional traps coming from the Si/SiGe interface. Finally, temperature dependence of HC and NBTI has been examined for both strained-Si and bulk devices. Sophisticated measurement techniques, charge pumping and gated-diode (GD) measurements, have been employed to understand the generated interface traps. Results show that strained-Si device is less sensitive to the temperature and has a chance for better NBTI reliability if we have a good control of the strained-Si/SiGe interface, such as through low temperature gate oxide process or better S/D junction formation.
Microstructures in rapidly solidified niobium aluminides (1988)

The microstructures of niobium aluminides produced by chill block melt spinning were compared to those of niobium aluminides produced by conventional casting. The rapidly solidified alloys were rapidly solidified by melt spinning in an argon atmosphere, and the melt-spun ribbons were examined by optical, X-ray, and TEM techniques. Microstructures were found to range from single-phase for Nb-75 at. pct Al (NbAl3) to two phase for Nb-46 at. pct Al (NbAl3 + Nb2Al). It was found that the melt spinning of Nb-aluminides produced finer grained microstructures than those produced in induction-melted ingots or in powders produced by the rotating electrode process. Ternary additions such as Cr, Ti, and Si tended to form intermetallic phases along the grain boundaries.
Antimicrobial activity of aridicins, novel glycopeptide antibiotics with high and prolonged levels in blood (1985)

Three new glycopeptide antibiotics, aridicins A, B, and C, produced by Kibdelosporangium aridum have a spectrum of antimicrobial activity in vitro which is similar to that of vancomycin. The antimicrobial activities of these glycopeptides against clinical bacterial isolates were compared with those of vancomycin and other related glycopeptide antibiotics in vitro by agar dilution and microtiter broth dilution tests and in vivo in mouse protection studies. In vitro they were somewhat less effective than vancomycin against strains of Staphylococcus aureus and less active against coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. However, they were more active than vancomycin against strains of Streptococcus faecalis and markedly superior to vancomycin and other glycopeptide antibiotics against strains of Clostridium difficile. In experimental infections, aridicin A was effective against strains of S. aureus, S. epidermidis, Streptococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus pyogenes, although its 50% effective doses were higher than those of vancomycin when administered after infection. After subcutaneous administration, aridicin A had a higher peak level in serum and a longer half-life than vancomycin or teicoplanin. The aridicins were markedly superior to vancomycin when administered prior to infection in mouse protection tests, indicating long-acting potential.
Regulators And Effectors Of Ras Proteins (1991)

Cells organize many of their biochemical reactions in non-membrane compartments. Recent evidence has shown that many of these compartments are liquids that form by phase separation from the cytoplasm. Here we discuss the basic physical concepts necessary ...Read More
Anisotropic Structure of Calcium-Induced Alginate Gels by Optical and Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Measurements (2011)

It was more than 50 years ago that an appearance of birefringence in alginate gels prepared under cation flow was reported for the first time, however, the anisotropic structure of the alginate gel has not been studied in detail. In the present study, anisotropic Ca-alginate gels were prepared within dialysis tubing in a high Ca(2+)-concentration external bath, and optical and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements were performed to characterize the structure of the gel. The observations of the gel with crossed polarizers and with circular polarizers revealed the molecular orientation perpendicular to the direction of Ca(2+) flow. Analyses of the SAXS intensity profiles indicated the formation of rod-like fibrils consisting of a few tens of alginate molecules and that the anisotropy of the gel was caused by the circumferential orientation of the large fibrils. From the observed asymmetric SAXS pattern, it was found that the axis of rotational symmetry of the anisotropic structure was parallel to the direction of Ca(2+) flow. The alignment factor (A(f)) calculated from the SAXS intensity data confirmed that the orientation of the fibrils was perpendicular to the direction of Ca(2+) flow.
Effect of Hard Segments on Morphology and Properties of Thermoplastic Polyurethanes (1995)

A series of thermoplastic polyurethanes was synthesized with varying hard segment composition or content and the effect of the hard segments on morphology and properties was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermal mechanical analysis (TMA), Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR) and tensile testing. The diisocyanates included 4,4' -diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and 4,4' -dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanates (H, 2 MDI). The chain extenders 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol and 1,3-butanediol were used. The soft segment material was poly(oxytetramethylene) glycol of molecular weight 2000. It was found that the interchain attractive forces between hard segments affect physical properties and morphologies. The degree of phase mixing, hardness and strength increased with increasing hard segment content and with decreasing degree of hard segment crystallinity (packing arrangements) at the same hard segment content.
ESR studies of the reaction of alkyl radicals with fullerene (C60) (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTESR studies of the reaction of alkyl radicals with fullerene (C60)J. R. Morton, K. F. Preston, P. J. Krusic, S. A. Hill, and E. WassermanCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 9, 3576–3578Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100188a006https://doi.org/10.1021/j100188a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views386Altmetric-Citations113LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Direct‐Writing Multifunctional Perovskite Single Crystal Arrays by Inkjet Printing (2016)

Perovskite single-crystalline microplate arrays are directly achieved in large scale by inkjet printing, which present high performance lasing property with quality factors up to 863 and RGB (red-green-blue) emission. This facile, nonlithographic method makes its promising applications on multi-integrated coherent light sources and other high-performance integrated optoelectronic applications.