gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TEACHING TOPICS (1960)

Thick cylinder. This experiment is designed to confirm the usual Lamé theory for thick cylinders subjected to internal pressure.
A new method for the preparation of silica-polycarbazole composite particles of a core-shell morphology (2008)

Spherical hybrid 149 ± 44 nm-sized silica-carbazole (Cbz) nanoparticles (H-SiO2-g-Cbz2% NPs) were prepared using the basic hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and of a bifunctional N-carbazolyl-(3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl)butanamide silane in W/O micro-emulsion conditions. In a 2nd step, surface-localized heterocyclic Cbz groups acted as nucleophilic attachment species towards a polyCOOH poly(dicarbazole-lysine) polymer adlayer generated oxidatively. This sequential process that used an intermediate “nucleophilic nanomaterial phase” resulted in spherical 454 ± 136 nm-sized composite particles possessing a core-shell morphology engineered by design.
Molecular Mechanisms of Opioid Receptor-dependent Signaling and Behavior (2011)

Opioid receptors have been targeted for the treatment of pain and related disorders for thousands of years and remain the most widely used analgesics in the clinic. Mu (μ), kappa (κ), and delta (δ) opioid receptors represent the originally classified receptor subtypes, with opioid receptor like-1 (ORL1) being the least characterized. All four receptors are G-protein coupled and activate inhibitory G proteins. These receptors form homo- and heterodimeric complexes and signal to kinase cascades and scaffold a variety of proteins.The authors discuss classic mechanisms and developments in understanding opioid tolerance and opioid receptor signaling and highlight advances in opioid molecular pharmacology, behavioral pharmacology, and human genetics. The authors put into context how opioid receptor signaling leads to the modulation of behavior with the potential for therapeutic intervention. Finally, the authors conclude there is a continued need for more translational work on opioid receptors in vivo.
PCSK9 inhibitors (2013)

The short-term efficacy, safety and tolerability of two monoclonal antibodies to PSCK9 have been demonstrated in several phase II trials. These PCSK9 inhibitors are now tested in larger phase III studies to provide insights into the long-term safety and clinical efficacy of this very promising approach.
Epidemiology of risk factors of atherosclerosis and preventive program for youth. (1990)

In 2208 boys aged 15 to 22 years the incidence of risk factors of atherosclerosis were determined. The risk factors were found in 33.7% of boys. The level of risk factors in youth has increased with age (p = 0.001), especially hypertension (p = 0.001) and smoking (p = 0.001). The authors concluded that the most important methods of prevention of atherosclerosis in youth should be: identification of high-risk individuals (overweight, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of CHD and PAD, ischemic postexercise ST segment depression), health education and motivation for change, modification nutritional habits in cases of hyperlipidemia and overweight (prevention of early atherosclerotic lesions in childhood), early diagnosis and control of hypertension, practice of low salt intake, avoidance of smoking, sufficient physical activity (prevention of atherosclerotic disease mainly in adulthood).
Investigation of Polymeric Composite Films Using Modified TiO2 Nanoparticles for Organic Light Emitting Diodes (2013)

Nanocomposite films for hole transport and emitting layer were prepared from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(styrenesulfonate), and poly(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene) - as MEH-PPV - incorporated with anatase (TiO2) nanoparticles dispersed in oleic acid. The precursor for the sol was a solution of tetraiso-propyl orthotitanate (Ti(iso-OC3H7)4). The research showed that both the electrical and spectral properties of the conjugated polymers were enhanced due to the incorporation of anatase. The best volume ratio between the oleic acid precursor and tetraiso-propyl orthotitanate was found to be of 10. Current-voltage characteristics of organic light emitting diodes made from these nanocomposite films were considerably enhanced in comparison with those made from pure polymers. The luminous efficiency is reported. Mechanical properties of the nanocomposite materials, (in particu- lar for MEH-PPV-TiO2) were found to be dependent on constituent organic and inorganic materials and on the geometric position of con- stituents. It was concluded that such composite organic light emitting diodes can exhibit larger performance efficiency and longer life- times than classical light emitting diodes.
The Preparation of Monodisperse Cationic Polystyrene and its Application to the Synthesis of Hollow Silica Spheres (2010)

The fabrication of hollow spheres with well defined size and morphology has been attracting much attention due to their unique structures and related physicochemical properties. Among the synthetic methods, the template-directed method is particularly interesting and extensively employed to fabricate hollow spheres due to templates available of essentially any size, shape, and chemistry. As a result, a new monodispersed cationic polystyrene (PS) template in this paper was fabricated by using 2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyltrimethylammonium chloride as co-monomer via emulsifier-free polymerization. The template not only can easily be tuned to the size, but can combine the advantages of hard-templating and soft-templating methods. Subsequently, we used cationic PS particles as templates to prepare hollow silica spheres – the results indicated that cationic templates can attract the assembly of tetraethylorthosilicate hydrolyzate on their surface and that the dissolution of templates can be done in the system of silica encapsulation by modification of the reaction conditions.
A dual‐frequency dielectric resonator antenna (2003)

Abstract A dual‐frequency cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna is presented. This paper proposes a configuration in which the shape and volume of the radiating structure remain unchanged. The behaviour of this antenna after altering some of its attributes is investigated. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 9–10, 2003
A STUDY OF METHODS TO REDUCE GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION AROUND A LANDFILL IN KOREA (1999)

Journal of Environmental Hydrology Volume 7 Paper 10 August 1999 1 Several alternatives were studied to prevent groundwater contamination around the Kimpo landfill site in Korea using a numerical model and hydraulic parameter measurements. The leachate flow system and pollutant transport system around the landfill were analyzed using a numerical model. Alternatives utilizing dewatering wells with radial collector well laterals had low costs but resulted in low efficiency of pollutant reduction. Installing an interception wall at the circumference of the landfill was more efficient but had a high cost. Installing an interception wall to the second layer was the most stable and most economical alternative. A STUDY OF METHODS TO REDUCE GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION AROUND A LANDFILL IN KOREA
Enzyme replacement therapy results in substantial improvements in early clinical phenotype in a mouse model of globoid cell leukodystrophy (2005)

Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) or Krabbe disease is a devastating, degenerative neurological disorder caused by mutations in the galactosylceramidase (GALC) gene that severely affect enzyme activity. Currently, treatment options for this disorder are very limited. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has been shown to be effective in lysosomal storage disorders with predominantly peripheral manifestations such as type I Gaucher's and Fabry's disease. Little however is known about the possible benefit of ERT in GLD, which has a substantial central nervous system component. In this study, we examined the effect of peripheral GALC injections in the twitcher mouse model of the disease. Although we were unable to block the precipitous decline that normally occurs just before death, we did observe significant early improvements in motor performance, a substantial attenuation in the initial failure to thrive, and an increase in life span. Immunohistochemical and activity analyses demonstrated GALC uptake in multiple tissues, including the brain. This was associated with a decrease in the abnormal accumulation of the GALC substrate psychosine, which is thought to play a pivotal role in disease pathology. These results indicate that peripheral ERT is likely to be beneficial in GLD.
Type IIA procollagen: Expression in developing chicken limb cartilage and human osteoarthritic articular cartilage (2001)

Type IIA procollagen is an alternatively spliced product of the type II collagen gene and uniquely contains the cysteine (cys)-rich globular domain in its amino (N)-propeptide. To understand the function of type IIA procollagen in cartilage development under normal and pathologic conditions, the detailed expression pattern of type IIA procollagen was determined in progressive stages of development in embryonic chicken limb cartilages (days 5-19) and in human adult articular cartilage. Utilizing the antibodies specific for the cys-rich domain of the type IIA procollagen N-propeptide, we localized type IIA procollagen in the pericellular and interterritorial matrix of condensing pre-chondrogenic mesenchyme (day 5) and early cartilage (days 7-9). The intensity of immunostaining was gradually lost with cartilage development, and staining became restricted to the inner layer of perichondrium and the articular cap (day 12). Later in development, type IIA procollagen was re-expressed at the onset of cartilage hypertrophy (day 19). Different from type X collagen, which is expressed throughout hypertrophic cartilage, type IIA procollagen expression was transient and restricted to the zone of early hypertrophy. Immunoelectron microscopic and immunoblot analyses showed that a significant amount of the type IIA procollagen N-propeptide, but not the carboxyl (C)-propeptide, was retained in matrix collagen fibrils of embryonic limb cartilage. This suggests that the type IIA procollagen N-propeptide plays previously unrecognized roles in fibrillogenesis and chondrogenesis. We did not detect type IIA procollagen in healthy human adult articular cartilage. Expression of type IIA procollagen, together with that of type X collagen, was activated by articular chondrocytes in the upper zone of moderately and severely affected human osteoarthritic cartilage, suggesting that articular chondrocytes, which normally maintain a stable phenotype, undergo hypertrophic changes in osteoarthritic cartilage. Based on our data, we propose that type IIA procollagen plays a significant role in chondrocyte differentiation and hypertrophy during normal cartilage development as well as in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
Repeater Design for the Newfoundland-Nova Scotia Link (1957)

The Newfoundland-Nova Scotia cable required the provision of 16 submerged repeaters each transmitting 60 circuits in the bands 20–260 kc from Newfoundland to Nova Scotia and 312–552 kc in the opposite direction. The paper deals with the design and production of these repeaters. Each repeater has a gain of 60 db at 552 kc, and the amplifier consists of two forward amplifying paths with a common feedback network. Reliability is of paramount importance, and production was carried out in an air-conditioned building with meticulous attention to cleanliness and to very rigid manufacturing and testing specifications. The electrical unit is contained in a rigid pressure housing 9 feet long and 10 inches in diameter with the sea cables connected to an armor clamp and a cable gland at each end. A submerged equalizer was provided near the middle of the sea crossing.
Optical guiding-based cell focusing for Raman flow cell cytometer (2018)

We report the use of an optical guiding arrangement generated in a microfluidic channel to produce a stream of single cells in a line for single-cell Raman spectroscopic analysis. The optical guiding arrangement consisted of dual-line optical tweezers, generated using a 1064 nm laser, aligned in the shape of a '' symbol. By controlling the laser power in the tweezers and the flow rate in the microfluidic channel, a single line flow of cells could be produced in the tail of the guiding arrangement, where the 514.5 nm Raman excitation beam was also located. Furthermore, by resonantly exciting the Raman spectrum, a good-quality Raman spectrum could be recorded from the flowing single cells as they passed through the Raman excitation focal spot without the need to trap the cells. As a proof of concept, it was shown that red blood cells (RBCs) could be guided to the tail of the optical guide and the Raman spectra of the resonantly excited cells could be recorded in a continuous manner without trapping the cells at a cell flow rate of ∼500 cells per h. From the recorded spectra, we were able to distinguish between RBCs containing hemoglobin in the normal form (normal-RBCs) and the met form (met-RBCs) from a mixture of RBCs comprising met-RBCs and normal-RBCs in a ratio of 1 : 9.
Preparation and characterization of thermoresponsive isopropylacrylamide-hydroxyethylmethacrylate copolymer gels (1998)

A random copolymer of N-isopropylacrylamide and 2-hydroxyethylmeth-acrylate, poly(NIPAM-co-HEMA), having thermoresponsive character was prepared bya redox copolymerization method. Poly(ethylene glycol), PEG 4000 was included in the copolymerization recipe to increase the thermoresponsivity of copolymeric structure. Poly(NIPAM-co-HEMA) copolymer gels having more elastic character and higher mechanical strength relative to poly(NIPAM) gel could be achieved by the proposed copolymerization procedure. The equilibrium and dynamic response against the temperature were investigated for the gel matrices produced by changing the initial NIPAM/HEMA mol ratio and PEG 4000 concentration in the copolymerization mixture. The effective diffusion coefficient of water within the gel matrix was estimated for either swollen or shrunken states by applying an unsteady-state diffusion model on the dynamic swelling and shrinking behaviors of gel matrix prepared in the cylindrical form. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 527–541, 1998
Offline handwritten Chinese character recognition by radical decomposition (2003)

Offline handwritten Chinese character recognition is a very hard pattern-recognition problem of considerable practical importance. Two popular approaches are to extract features holistically from the character image or to decompose characters structurally into component parts---usually strokes. Here we take a novel approach, that of decomposing into radicals on the basis of image information (i.e., without first decomposing into strokes). During training, 60 examples of each radical were represented by "landmark" points, labeled semiautomatically, with radicals in different characteristic positions treated as distinctly different radicals. Kernel principal-component analysis then captured the main (nonlinear) variations around the mean radical. During the recognition, the dynamic tunneling algorithm was used to search for optimal shape parameters in terms of chamfer distance minimization. Considering character composition as a Markov process in which up to four radicals are combined in some assumed sequential order, we can recognize complete, hierarchically-composed characters by using the Viterbi algorithm. This gave a character recognition rate of 93.5% characters correct (writer-independent) on a test set of 430,800 characters from 2,154 character classes composed of 200 radical categories, which is comparable to the best reported results in the literature. Although the initial semiautomatic landmark labeling is time consuming, the decomposition approach is theoretically well-motivated and allows the different sources of variability in Chinese handwriting to be handled separately and by the most appropriate means--either learned from example data or incorporated as prior knowledge. Hence, high generalizability is obtained from small amounts of training data, and only simple prior knowledge needs to be incorporated, thus promising robust recognition performance. As such, there is very considerable potential for further development and improvement in the direction of larger character sets and less constrained writing conditions.
White rust ( <i>Albugo candida</i> ) resistance loci on three Arabidopsis chromosomes are closely linked to downy mildew ( <i>Peronospora parasitica</i> ) resistance loci (2001)

Summary Two accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana (Ksk-1 and Ksk-2) were used to identify and map three loci (RAC1, RAC2 and RAC3) of genes that confer Resistance to Albugo candida (white rust). The phenotypes associated with these genes were classified as either FN (necrotic flecks on upper surface of cotyledons and no blisters) for RAC2 and RAC3, or FYN (flecks surrounded by yellowing and no blisters) for RAC1. Both phenotypes exhibited rapid death of host cells penetrated by the parasite (hypersensitive response), with callose deposition commonly encasing the haustorium. F(6) recombinant inbred lines were produced specifically for the purpose of mapping each RAC locus relative to molecular markers. Dominant resistance at the locus RAC1 in Ksk-1 was previously mapped to chromosome 1 between RFLP markers m253 and m254, and co-segregating with a downy mildew resistance specificity RPP9 in the accession Wei-0. We report here a fine-scale map interval and co-segregating markers for this locus, which in turn enabled mapping of a previously unnoticed source of resistance in Ksk-1 designated RAC3 that exhibits an FN phenotype hyperstatic to the FYN phenotype of RAC1. RAC3 is closely linked to the RPP8/HRT on chromosome 5, a locus which contains specificities for resistance to downy mildew and turnip crinkle virus. Recombinant inbreds also enabled mapping of recessive resistance at RAC2 in Ksk-2 to the bottom arm of chromosome 3, in the 6 cM interval between two downy mildew resistance loci (RPP1 and RPP13).
Sun exposure and Skin Cancer (1997)

By 1927 for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and by 1955 for melanoma, the broad grounds for relating sun exposure to skin cancer had been established: that these are more frequent in residents of areas of high ambient solar irradiance, are more frequent in sun-sensitive people, occur mainly on sun-exposed body sites, are more frequent in people with high sun exposure, and are more frequent in people with benign sun-related skin conditions. The past 40 years have added both quantity and quality to the epidemiological evidence and, most recently, provided direct evidence that sun exposure is the cause of mutations in critical tumour suppressor genes in BCC, SCC and melanoma. Complete or more convincing answers are still needed to many questions of detail. They include whether the pattern of sun exposure is really important in, and acts independently of amount of sun exposure in, affecting the risk of melanoma and BCC; what the shape of the relationship between the amount of sun exposure and risk of BCC and melanoma is when the pattern of exposure is held constant; whether there really is a plateau in risk of BCC and melanoma beyond some level of the amount of exposure; whether this exposure-response relationship depends on cutaneous sensitivity to the sun and in what way; whether sunburn makes a specific contribution to the risk of skin cancer independent of the amount of sun exposure; whether sun exposure close to the time of diagnosis of skin cancer contributes anything to the development of the cancer; what the solar radiation action spectrum is for each kind of skin cancer; and whether sunscreens are effective in protecting against skin cancer.
Role of cinnamoyl esterase activities from enzyme preparations on the formation of volatile phenols during winemaking (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRole of cinnamoyl esterase activities from enzyme preparations on the formation of volatile phenols during winemakingIsabelle. Dugelay, Ziya. Gunata, Jean Claude. Sapis, Raymond. Baumes, and Claude. BayonoveCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1993, 41, 11, 2092–2096Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00035a051RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views406Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (538 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
High-resolution surface-plasmon imaging in air and in water: V(z) curve and operating conditions (2007)

We present what are believed to be the first images obtained with a far-field high-resolution scanning surface-plasmon microscope in an aqueous medium. Measurements of V(z), the output response of the microscope, versus defocus z give a signature of the surface-plasmon propagation. V(z) is strongly conditioned by the laser beam diameter and the objective's numerical aperture, and we show how the operating mode (in air and in water) must be chosen to maximize the surface-plasmon field and to minimize diffraction (edge) effects.
Two-photon, carbon-13 and two-dimensional proton NMR spectroscopic studies of retinyl Schiff bases, protonated Schiff bases and Schiff base salts: evidence for a protonation induced .pi..pi.* excited state level ordering reversal (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTwo-photon, carbon-13 and two-dimensional proton NMR spectroscopic studies of retinyl Schiff bases, protonated Schiff bases and Schiff base salts: evidence for a protonation induced .pi..pi.* excited state level ordering reversalRobert R. Birge, Lionel P. Murray, Raphael Zidovetzki, and Henry M. KnappCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 7, 2090–2101Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00241a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00241a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views193Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts