gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Loss of the Penicillinase Plasmid After Treatment of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> with Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (1972)

Two strains of Staphylococcus aureus (PC1 and 196E), when grown in medium containing 0.002% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), showed from 96.1 to 100% loss of the ability to produce penicillinase. Resistance to cadmium and zinc was lost concomitantly with the ability to produce penicillinase. A comparison of the rate of curing by SDS with the curing effects exerted by elevated temperature and ethidium bromide suggested that SDS is a more effective plasmid curing agent for susceptible strains of S. aureus than methods in use at present.
A General Flexible Framework for the Handling of Prior Information in Audio Source Separation (2011)

Most audio source separation methods are developed for a particular scenario characterized by the number of sources and channels and the characteristics of the sources and the mixing process. In this paper, we introduce a general audio source separation framework based on a library of structured source models that enable the incorporation of prior knowledge about each source via user-specifiable constraints. While this framework generalizes several existing audio source separation methods, it also allows to imagine and implement new efficient methods that were not yet reported in the literature. We first introduce the framework by describing the model structure and constraints, explaining its generality, and summarizing its algorithmic implementation using a generalized expectation-maximization algorithm. Finally, we illustrate the above-mentioned capabilities of the framework by applying it in several new and existing configurations to different source separation problems. We have released a software tool named Flexible Audio Source Separation Toolbox (FASST) implementing a baseline version of the framework in Matlab.
Status of the Social Guest: A New Look (1966)

In this case, the guest was injured by a defective glass door in the defendant's inn.The defendant knew that the door was defective but he gave no warning to the plaintiff prior to the injury.The court held that the defendant was under no liability to his guest arising out of an ordinary defect in the condition of the premises.
Interindividual variability of CYP2C19-catalyzed drug metabolism due to differences in gene diplotypes and cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase content (2015)

Large interindividual variability has been observed in the metabolism of CYP2C19 substrates in vivo. The study aimed to evaluate sources of this variability in CYP2C19 activity, focusing on CYP2C19 diplotypes and the cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR). CYP2C19 gene analysis was carried out on 347 human liver samples. CYP2C19 activity assayed using human liver microsomes confirmed a significant a priori predicted rank order for (S)-mephenytoin hydroxylase activity of CYP2C19*17/*17 > *1B/*17 > *1B/*1B > *2A/*17 > *1B/*2A > *2A/*2A diplotypes. In a multivariate analysis, the CYP2C19*2A allele and POR protein content were associated with CYP2C19 activity. Further analysis indicated a strong effect of the CYP2C19*2A, but not the *17, allele on both metabolic steps in the conversion of clopidogrel to its active metabolite. The present study demonstrates that interindividual variability in CYP2C19 activity is due to differences in both CYP2C19 protein content associated with gene diplotypes and the POR concentration.The Pharmacogenomics Journal advance online publication, 1 September 2015; doi:10.1038/tpj.2015.58.
The cell wall: a carbohydrate armour for the fungal cell (2007)

The cell wall is composed of a polysaccharide-based three-dimensional network. Considered for a long time as an inert exoskeleton, the cell wall is now seen as a dynamic structure that is continuously changing as a result of the modification of culture conditions and environmental stresses. Although the cell wall composition varies among fungal species, chemogenomic comparative analysis have led to a better understanding of the genes and mechanisms involved in the construction of the common central core composed of branched beta1,3 glucan-chitin. Because of its essential biological role, unique biochemistry and structural organization and the absence in mammalian cells of most of its constitutive components, the cell wall is an attractive target for the development of new antifungal agents. Genomic as well as drug studies have shown that the death of the fungus can result from inhibition of cell wall polysaccharide synthases. To date, only beta1,3 glucan synthase inhibitors have been launched clinically and many more targets remain to be explored.
ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND‐GUIDED CHOLEDOCHODUODENOSTOMY FOR PALLIATIVE BILIARY DRAINAGE IN CASES WITH INOPERABLE PANCREAS HEAD CARCINOMA (2009)

EUS-BD may have the potential of replacing PTBD in cases with inoperable pancreatic head carcinoma associated with obstructive jaundice.
A checkpoint that monitors cytokinesis in Schizosaccharomyces pombe (2000)

Cell division in Schizosaccharomyces pombe is achieved through the use of a medially positioned actomyosin ring. A division septum is formed centripetally, concomitant with actomyosin ring constriction. Genetic screens have identified mutations in a number of genes that affect actomyosin ring or septum assembly. These cytokinesis-defective mutants, however, undergo multiple S and M phases and die as elongated cells with multiple nuclei. Recently, we have shown that a mutant allele of the S. pombe drc1(+)/cps1(+) gene, which encodes a 1,3-(beta)-glucan synthase subunit, is defective in cytokinesis but displays a novel phenotype. drc1-191/cps1-191 cells are capable of assembling actomyosin rings and completing mitosis, but are incapable of assembling the division septum, causing them to arrest as binucleate cells with a stable actomyosin ring. Each nucleus in arrested cps1-191 cells is able to undergo S phase but these G(2) nuclei are significantly delayed for entry into the M phase. In this study we have investigated the mechanism that causes cps1-191 to block with two G(2) nuclei. We show that the inability of cps1-191 mutants to proceed through multiple mitotic cycles is not related to a defect in cell growth. Rather, the failure to complete some aspect of cytokinesis may prevent the G(2)/M transition of the two interphase-G(2) nuclei. The G(2)/M transition defect of cps1-191 mutants is suppressed by a mutation in the wee1 gene and also by the dominant cdc2 allele cdc2-1w, but not the cdc2-3w allele. Transient depolymerization of all F-actin structures also allowed a significant proportion of the cps1-191 cells to undergo a second round of mitosis. We conclude that an F-actin and Wee1p dependent checkpoint blocks G(2)/M transition until previous cytokinesis is completed.
Cochannel and adjacent channel reuse ratio distributions in dynamic channel assignment microcellular systems (2002)

This paper presents a novel analysis of cochannel and adjacent channel reuse ratio distributions in DCA microcell systems, and compares the results with conventional FCA macrocell systems. Computer simulations show that DCA systems exhibit significantly closer channel reuse than FCA systems for a significant proportion of terminals. Mathematical analysis is used to show that this is a fundamental consequence of the microcell architecture and that the resultant interference distributions cannot be obtained using conventional cellular engineering techniques. A closed form expression for the channel reuse ratio distribution in DCA microcell systems is derived, which in turn establishes a theoretical lower limit to the channel reuse ratio in DCA systems.
Technique of Lime Flyash Mixture and Optimized Design of Filler (2003)

Local methods and achievements are summarized in the fields of lime flyash mixture and optimization of roadbed filler. Related information about the research and utilization of lime flyash mixture is also introduced. Upon essential theory of lime flyash mixture, the methods are introduced of optimizing proportion of lime, flyash and soil to be improved and main problem in proportion design. Some technological details are also discussed during the construction of lime flyash mixture.
Resonances of asymmetric dielectric waveguides containing a diffraction grating (1990)

Guided-wave resonances in periodically modulated asymmetric dielectric waveguides are studied by means of the rigorous coupled-wave theory. The resonances in the i=-1 order wave amplitudes evaluated at z=0 and z=d/ Lambda (where d/ Lambda =5) are shown as a function of the external angle of incidence. The waveguide is asymmetric with epsilon /sub 1/=1, epsilon /sub 0/=2, epsilon /sub 3/=1.9, and a modulation index of Delta epsilon / epsilon /sub 0/=0.005/sub ./ The resonant wave amplitudes at the two interfaces are well separated due to the asymmetry of the waveguide. It is shown how the resonances couple to the propagating diffracted waves with adjacent order numbers. A high degree of switching is observed between the transmitted wave, DE/sub 30/, and the reflected one, DE/sub 10/. However, this occurs over a very small angular range of the input wave.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> eradication and ulcer healing with daily lansoprazole, plus 1 or 2 weeks co‐therapy with amoxycillin and clarithromycin (1998)

An eradication regimen, based on a 2-week course of single dose lansoprazole with 1 week of antibiotic co-therapy, is effective in eradicating H. pylori, while the 2 weeks of acid suppression is usually effective in duodenal ulcer healing.
Geometry in digital molecular arrays (2006)

The development of digital molecular devices arises through the appropriate geometric positioning of a molecular assay. A detailed evaluation of the digital media reveals the critical aspects of geometric positioning in terms of developing an analytically-robust system for molecular analysis. This study reveals an explicit digital compact disc based assay for molecular affinity events.
Two New Recombinant <i>H-2</i> Haplotypes, One of Which Juxtaposes Kb and Ik Alleles (1979)

Abstract Two new recombinant H-2 haplotypes have been detected and established as congenic resistant lines on the C57BL/10 background. On the basis of serologic testing and immunoprecipitation analyses, the sublocus composition of the first recombinant haplotype, H-2bq1 (B10.MBR) has been shown to be KbIkSkDq, and that of the second recombinant, H-2sq3 (B10.SQR) to be KsIsSsDq. The occurrence of the Kb I-Ak juxtaposition after a recombination between H-2b and H-2m contrasts with the almost uniform failure to observe H-2b/H-2k recombinants in previous studies. This finding and the occurrence of a second recombination event involving the same chromosome soon after the first in our studies may imply that recombination within H-2 is not generally a random event. The B10.MBR line has proved useful in the production of specific anti-H-2Kb and anti-I-Ab antisera previously quite difficult to obtain without contamination by anti-Ia or anti-H-2K antibodies, respectively.
Verifying correct pipeline implementation for microprocessors (1997)

We introduce a general, automatic verification technique for pipelined designs. The technique is based on a scalable, formal methodology for analyzing pipelines. The key advantages to our technique are: it specifically targets pipeline control, making it more efficient; it requires no explicit specification, since it compares hardware against itself; it can be used within the broader framework of hierarchical verification; and, it can be easily extended to handle certain complex pipelined structures.
Molecular Basis for Species and Ligand Specificity of a Monoclonal Antibody Raised Against Human IGF-I (1997)

The anti-hIGF-I monoclonal antibody, α-sm1.2, was found to have substantial crossreactivity with human and rat IGF-II, but recognized rat IGF-I only when this ligand was present at very high concentration. (E50 for hIGF-I ∼3.5 ng/tube vs. ∼12,000 ng/tube for rat IGF-I). In the context of previous studies to define the epitope(s) of α-sm1.2, these findings point to the critical importance of aspartic acid at residue 20 in the B domain in determining the species and ligand specificity of this antibody. Previous studies using this antibody in rodent tissues may require reinterpretation in the light of these findings.
The interaction of HGF-SF with other cytokines in tumor invasion and angiogenesis. (1993)

Scatter factor (SF) is a glycoprotein which is secreted by mesenchymal cells and which causes cohesive epithelial cell colonies to spread out, separate into individual cells, and assume a fibroblastic morphology (i.e., to "scatter"). SF is now known to be identical or nearly identical to hepatocyte growth factor, a serum-derived mitogen for various normal cell types. SF, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFa), and interleukin-1 (IL1) share the ability to stimulate scattering, motility, and protease production in a variety of human tumor cell types. SF and TNFa stimulate vascular endothelial cell motility in vitro and induce angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, in vivo. These factors may participate in a cytokine network which regulates tumor invasion and metastasis directly by enhancing the malignant epithelial phenotype and indirectly by inducing tumor neovascularization.
I. On the mutual relations of the apex cardiograph and the radial sphygmograph trace (1871)

Abstract A desire to acquire an accurate knowledge of the relation borne by the commencing contraction of the heart to the origin of the primary rise in the pulse at the wrist, led the author to construct an instrument which has enabled him to determine, with considerable accuracy, the mutual relation of these two points, and to demonstrate one or two unexpected results, not altogether without interest.
Dynamic bitstream switching using progressive S-frames for scalable video transmission (2008)

In this paper, a new dynamic bitstream switching method using progressive S-frames is presented. The progressive S-frames method can effectively switch two pre-encoded streams by reducing progressively the quantization mismatch. Progressive S-frames can provide better coding efficiency than an S-frame. Moreover, the proposed method can avoid the buffer overflow at the encoder and decoder sides while providing a soft transition between the quality levels of two bitstreams. The simulation results show that the proposed method is useful for the bit rate adaptation in heterogeneous networks.
On RNS-based enhancements for direct digital frequency synthesis (2001)

It is shown that Chren's techniques for reducing the ROM requirements for the implementation of reside number systems-based digital frequency synthesis are not correct.
Set of admissible reference signals and control of systems with state and control constraints (2003)

This paper considers characterization of the set of reference signals which are 'safe' for the systems with pointwise-in-time state and control constraints. The main idea is to construct two certain subsets such that for any reference input which is contained in the subset of the space of reference signals, avoiding constraint violation is equivalent to restricting the initial condition of the closed-loop system to the other subset of the state space. The proposed method is utilized to realize a reference governor control scheme. An admissibility condition on the initial state is satisfied, the control scheme is proved to fulfill the constraints and set-point tracking requirements.
An Emotion Information Processing Model Based On a Mental State Transition Network (2006)

A machine that lacks of emotion computing ability cannot realize artificial intelligent sufficiently and cannot meet the increasing demanding of human-computer interaction as well. Though most current research is focusing on physical components of emotions, rarely are they carried out from the view of psychology. In this paper an emotion information processing model based on the mental state transition network and a corpus of common sense are proposed to detect human emotion. By a series of psychological experiments, we present a new way to predict future human's emotions depending on the various current emotional states under various conditions. Besides, people in different sexes, characters and ages are taken into consideration in our experiments. From the psychological experiments data that is abstracted from 250 questionnaires, a Bayesian network for describing the transitions in distribution among the emotions and relationships between internal mental situations and external reinforcements are concluded. Further more, comparing seven relative evaluating experiments we found that the model provided a higher precision average rate of 0.843 respectively for the 50 random data examples.
Human NKp44+IL-22+ cells and LTi-like cells constitute a stable RORC+ lineage distinct from conventional natural killer cells (2010)

Lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells are required for lymph node formation during fetal development, and recent evidence implies a role in mucosal immunity in the adult. LTi cells share some phenotypic features of conventional natural killer (NK; cNK) cells; however, little is known to date about the relationship between these two cell types. We show that lineage(-) (Lin(-)) CD127(+)RORC(+) LTi-like cells in human tonsil are precursors to CD56(+)CD127(+)RORC(+)NKp46(+) cells, which together comprise a stable RORC(+) lineage. We find that LTi-like cells and their CD56(+) progeny can be expanded and cloned ex vivo without loss of function and without conversion into cNK cells. Clonal analysis reveals heterogeneity of cytokine production within the CD127(+) LTi-like population. Furthermore, we identify within the tonsil a cNK precursor population that is characterized as Lin(-)CD117(+)CD161(+)CD127(-) cells. Overall, we propose that CD127(+)RORC(+) cells, although they share some characteristics with cNK cells, represent a functionally and developmentally distinct lineage.
Thione–thiol tautomerism and stability of 2- and 4-mercaptopyridines and 2-mercaptopyrimidines (1990)

The possible thione–thiol tautomerism of 2- and 4-mercaptopyridines, 2-mercaptopyrimidine, and 4,6-dimethyl-2-mercaptopyrimidine in solution is studied by means of absorption (UV–VIS) spectroscopy. In accordance with earlier observations, polar solvents and self-association shift the apparent tautomeric equilibrium significantly towards the thione form. In dilute solutions of nonpolar solvents the thiol form predominates. On standing, significant changes are observed in the absorption spectra of these tautomeric compounds in ethanol, dioxane, and water. The time course of the tautomerization, followed spectrophotometrically, reveals quantitative transformation of the thiol form to the corresponding symmetrical disulfides. The influence of concentration, temperature, and irradiation with indirect sunlight are discussed. This thione–disulfide process is reversible in water, starting either from the tautomeric thione or from its symmetrical disulfide, implying a possible importance in biological systems. Keywords: thione–thiol tautomerism, absorption spectra, thiol–disulfide oxidation, mercaptopyridines and pyrimidines.
Pilot-Assisted OFDM Channel Estimation and ICI Cancellation for Double Selective Channels (2007)

In this paper, we develop a two-stage hybrid channel estimation and ICI cancellation structure for OFDM systems. The double selective channels are approximated by an improved basis expansion model (BEM), which is more accurate than the conventional BEM when the normalized Doppler frequency is smaller than one. Based on this improved model, a new ICI cancellation scheme is proposed to reduce ICI impact. Simulation results show that the framework performs well.
Isolation of the new anacardic acid 6-[16′Z-nonadecenyl]-salicylic acid and evaluation of its antimicrobial activity against <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> and <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> (2011)

A new anacardic acid, 6-[16'Z-nonadecenyl]-salicylic acid (1), along with seven known compounds, 6-[8'Z-pentadecenyl] salicylic acid (15:1 anacardic acid) (2), 6-nonadecenyl salicylic acid (anacardic acid 19:0) (3), 6-pentadecyl salicylic acid (anacardic acid 15:0) (4), masticadienonic acid (5), 3α-hydroxymasticadienonic acid (6), 3-epi-oleanolic acid (7) and β-sitosterol, were isolated from the bark of Amphipterygium adstringens using a bioassay-guided fractionation method. The structure of the new compound (1) was elucidated by spectroscopic data interpretation. The known compounds (2-7) were identified by comparison of their spectroscopic data with reported values in the literature. Compounds 1-4 exhibited antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 7 to 104 µg mL and from 12 to 126 µg mL, respectively.
Potential of Automated Writing Evaluation Feedback (2011)

This paper presents an empirical evaluation of automated writing evaluation (AWE) feedback used for L2 academic writing teaching and learning. It introduces the Intelligent Academic Discourse Evaluator (IADE), a new web-based AWE program that analyzes the introduction section to research articles and generates immediate, individualized, and discipline-specific feedback. The purpose of the study was to investigate the potential of IADE's feedback. A mixed-methods approach with a concurrent transformative strategy was employed. Quantitative data consisted of responses to Likert-scale, yes/no, and open-ended survey questions; automated and human scores for first and final drafts; and pre-/posttest scores. Qualitative data contained students’ first and final drafts as well as transcripts of think-aloud protocols and Camtasia computer screen recordings, observations, and semistructured interviews. The findings indicate that IADE's colorcoded and numerical feedback possesses potential for facilitating language learning, a claim supported by evidence of focus on discourse form, noticing of negative evidence, improved rhetorical quality of writing, and increased learning gains.
Electrolyte‐Assisted Electrospinning for a Self‐Assembled, Free‐Standing Nanofiber Membrane on a Curved Surface (2015)

A free-standing nanofiber membrane can be simultaneously fabricated, patterned, and integrated with electrolyte-assisted electrospinning (ELES). The fluidic nature of the electrolyte collector enables flexible patterning and facile integration of the free-standing nanofiber membrane on complex substrates from a 2D flat surface to a 3D curved geometry via ELES. The structural integrity and performance of the free-standing nanofiber membrane are verified, and this plays a crucial role for future applications, including organ-on-a-chip, tissue scaffolds, and biosensors.
Mapping DNA polymerase errors by single-molecule sequencing (2016)

Genomic integrity is compromised by DNA polymerase replication errors, which occur in a sequence-dependent manner across the genome. Accurate and complete quantification of a DNA polymerase's error spectrum is challenging because errors are rare and difficult to detect. We report a high-throughput sequencing assay to map in vitro DNA replication errors at the single-molecule level. Unlike previous methods, our assay is able to rapidly detect a large number of polymerase errors at base resolution over any template substrate without quantification bias. To overcome the high error rate of high-throughput sequencing, our assay uses a barcoding strategy in which each replication product is tagged with a unique nucleotide sequence before amplification. This allows multiple sequencing reads of the same product to be compared so that sequencing errors can be found and removed. We demonstrate the ability of our assay to characterize the average error rate, error hotspots and lesion bypass fidelity of several DNA polymerases.