gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Building the Component Tree in Quasi-Linear Time (2006)

The level sets of a map are the sets of points with level above a given threshold. The connected components of the level sets, thanks to the inclusion relation, can be organized in a tree structure, that is called the component tree. This tree, under several variations, has been used in numerous applications. Various algorithms have been proposed in the literature for computing the component tree. The fastest ones (considering the worst-case complexity) have been proven to run in O(n ln(n)). In this paper, we propose a simple to implement quasi-linear algorithm for computing the component tree on symmetric graphs, based on Tarjan's union-find procedure. We also propose an algorithm that computes the n most significant lobes of a map.
Advances in miniature spectrometer and sensor development (2014)

Miniaturization and cost reduction of spectrometer and sensor technologies has great potential to open up new applications areas and business opportunities for analytical technology in hand held, mobile and on-line applications. Advances in microfabrication have resulted in high-performance MEMS and MOEMS devices for spectrometer applications. Many other enabling technologies are useful for miniature analytical solutions, such as silicon photonics, nanoimprint lithography (NIL), system-on-chip, system-on-package techniques for integration of electronics and photonics, 3D printing, powerful embedded computing platforms, networked solutions as well as advances in chemometrics modeling. This paper will summarize recent work on spectrometer and sensor miniaturization at VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) tunable filter technology has been developed in two technical versions: Piezoactuated FPIs have been applied in miniature hyperspectral imaging needs in light weight UAV and nanosatellite applications, chemical imaging as well as medical applications. Microfabricated MOEMS FPIs have been developed as cost-effective sensor platforms for visible, NIR and IR applications. Further examples of sensor miniaturization will be discussed, including system-on-package sensor head for mid-IR gas analyzer, roll-to-roll printed Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) technology as well as UV imprinted waveguide sensor for formaldehyde detection.
Synthesis of Boolean networks via semi-tensor product (2011)

This paper gives a systematic survey on the semi-tensor product approach to logical systems such as Boolean (control) networks. First the history of Boolean networks is reviewed, and the mathematical frameworks for Boolean network, Boolean control network, and probabilistic Boolean (control) network respectively are presented. Then the semi-tensor product of matrices is introduced as a fundamental tool of this approach. Using it, two key techniques for this approach: (1) algebraic (or matrix) expression of logic; and (2) the state space description of logical dynamics, are introduced. The topological structure of Boolean network is analyzed via this approach. Finally, some control problems are investigated, which include controllability and observability, realization, disturbance decoupling, stability and stabilization, optimal control, identification, etc. In one word, the paper intends to provide a comprehensive guideline to the theory of synthesis and control of Boolean networks.
Mach–Zehnder interferometer type optical waveguide coupler with wavelength-flattened coupling ratio (1990)

Coupling characteristics of a new optical wavelength-flattened coupler with the Mach–Zehnder configuration are described. A coupling ratio of 20 ± 1.9% in a wide wavelength region of 1.25 μm–1.65 μm is realised using silica waveguides on Si.
Reproducibility of volumetric measurements of normal maculae with the Heidelberg retina tomograph (1998)

Good reproducibility for volumetric measurements at the macula was found with the HRT using the above technique in normal subjects. This method may be extremely useful for the identification and quantification of diabetic macular oedema and for monitoring the effects of argon laser photocoagulation.
Protocol failure in the escrowed encryption standard (1994)

The Escrowed Encryption Standard (EES) defines a US Government family of cryptographic processors, popularly known as “Clipper” chips, intended to protect unclassified government and private-sector communications and data. A basic feature of key setup between pairs of EES processors involves the exchange of a “Law Enforcement Access Field” (LEAF) that contains an encrypted copy of the current session key. The LEAF is intended to facilitate government access to the cleartext of data encrypted under the system. Several aspects of the design of the EES, which employs a classified cipher algorithm and tamper-resistant hardware, attempt to make it infeasible to deploy the system without transmitting the LEAF. We evaluated the publicly released aspects of the EES protocols as well as a prototype version of a PCMCIA-based EES device. This paper outlines various techniques that enable cryptographic communication among EES processors without transmission of the valid LEAF. We identify two classes of techniques. The simplest allow communication only between pairs of “rogue” parties. The second, more complex methods permit rogue applications to take unilateral action to interoperate with legal EES users. We conclude with techniques that could make the fielded EES architecture more robust against these failures.
Effect of Oral Valaciclovir on Herpetic Keratitis (2006)

Our case example suggests that when frequent application, blurred vision, and foreign body sensation after ACV-O application cause difficulty for patients to follow treatment, oral VACV might be an effective and safe option for patients with herpetic keratitis.
Impact of inactivation treatment on cuttage effect of Dianthus caryophyllus cut-flower. (2012)

The impacts of different inactivation treatments on the cuttage effect of Dianthus caryophyllus cut-flower varieties Red Barbara,Pink Barbara and Light pink Barbara were studied through 3 tests.The results showed that the cuttage effect of the cuttings which were not treated by inactivation was better,the cuttings rooted after cuttage,but its root system was underdeveloped,the mortality rate of the cuttings was low,and the germinative lateral buds were much.Different inactivation treatments could inhibit the rooting and lateral bud germination of the cuttings,and finally lead to the death of the cuttings.The cuttage effect became worse along with the increase of glyphosate concentration,the soaked position of the cuttings,and the soaking time.The cuttings from the lower branches were easy to germinate lateral buds;those from the upper branches were easy to root,and the germinative lateral buds were easy to form flower buds.
A prototype methodology combining surface‐enhanced laser desorption/ionization protein chip technology and artificial neural network algorithms to predict the chemoresponsiveness of breast cancer cell lines exposed to Paclitaxel and Doxorubicin under <b> <i>in vitro</i> </b> conditions (2003)

An ability to predict the likelihood of cellular response towards particular chemotherapeutic agents based upon protein expression patterns could facilitate the identification of biological molecules with previously undefined roles in the process of chemoresistance/chemosensitivity, and if robust enough these patterns might also be exploited towards the development of novel predictive assays. To ascertain whether proteomic based molecular profiling in conjunction with artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms could be applied towards the specific recognition of phenotypic patterns between either control or drug treated and chemosensitive or chemoresistant cellular populations, a combined approach involving MALDI-TOF matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, Ciphergen protein chip technology and ANN algorithms have been applied to specifically identify proteomic 'fingerprints' indicative of treatment regimen for chemosensitive (MCF-7, T47D) and chemoresistant (MCF-7/ADR) breast cancer cell lines following exposure to Doxorubicin or Paclitaxel. The results indicate that proteomic patterns can be identified by ANN algorithms to correctly assign 'class' for treatment regimen (e.g. control/drug treated or chemosensitive/chemoresistant) with a high degree of accuracy using boot-strap statistical validation techniques and that biomarker ion patterns indicative of response/non-response phenotypes are associated with MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR cells exposed to Doxorubicin. We have also examined the predictive capability of this approach towards MCF-7 and T47D cells to ascertain whether prediction could be made based upon treatment regimen irrespective of cell lineage. Models were identified that could correctly assign class (control or Paclitaxel treatment) for 35/38 samples of an independent dataset. A similar level of predictive capability was also found (> 92%; n = 28) when proteomic patterns derived from the drug resistant cell line MCF-7/ADR were compared against those derived from MCF-7 and T47D as a model system of drug resistant and drug sensitive phenotypes. This approach might offer a potential methodology for predicting the biological behaviour of cancer cells towards particular chemotherapeutics and through protein isolation and sequence identification could result in the identification of biological molecules associated with chemosensitive/chemoresistance tumour phenotypes.
Epidemiology of canine leishmaniasis: prevalence, incidence and basic reproduction number calculated from a cross-sectional serological survey on the island of Gozo, Malta (1992)

Assessment of the resilience of canine leishmaniasis to control or, more ambitiously, the effort needed to eradicate infection, requires an estimate of the basic case reproduction number (R0). This paper applies the theoretical results of Hasibeder, Dye & Carpenter (1992) to data from a cross-sectional survey on the Maltese island of Gozo in which dogs of known age, sex and occupation (pet, guard etc) were subjected to three different serological tests for the presence of specific antibody (IFAT, DAT and ELISA). Difficulties in interpreting these test results, and hence of determining the proportion of dogs infected, present the main obstacle to estimating R0: estimates are critically dependent on the choice of threshold separating seropositives from seronegatives. The data do, however, allow a robust comparative analysis of risk which shows that the force of infection experienced by working dogs is about three times higher than that of pet dogs, a degree of non-homogeneous contact which actually has little effect on estimates of R0. We suggest a cautious point estimate of R0 congruent to 11, and comment briefly on its significance for leishmaniasis control.
Integration of Resource Management and Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) (2002)

This document defines a generic framework for preconditions, which are extensible through IANA registration. This document also discusses how network quality of service can be made a precondition for establishment of sessions initiated by the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). These preconditions require that the participant reserve network resources before continuing with the session. We do not define new quality of service reservation mechanisms; these preconditions simply require a participant to use existing resource reservation mechanisms before beginning the session.
Superscalar execution with dynamic data forwarding (2002)

We empirically demonstrate that in order to take advantage of increasing issue widths, superscalar processors require quadratically growing instruction window sizes. Since conventional central window design aims to provide full data fan-out to all the instructions which are in the window, designing large instruction windows using conventional techniques is not feasible. We show that full data fan-out is not necessary for achieving high performance when a novel approach is used to distribute the values. We use direct matching using a small on chip memory called the wait memory to implement the instruction window and bring in a small subset of instructions which are likely to become ready into a match unit where instruction selection and operand matching tasks are performed. We show that the match unit needs to grow only linearly with the issue width. We use SPEC95 benchmarks to demonstrate that at a given instruction window size our algorithm provides over 90 percent of the IPC that can be obtained by a central window implementation that provides full data fan-out.
Homogeneity, Transport, and Signal Properties of Single Ag Particles Studied by Single-Molecule Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Scattering (2001)

We extended the sensitivity of Raman correlation spectroscopy in solution to the single-molecule level by applying surface- and resonance-enhanced Raman scattering (SERRS) combined with time-gated, confocal signal detection. The brightness of the SERRS signal of single Rhodamine 6G molecules adsorbed on a single silver nanoparticle is comparable to fluorescence. Rare event analysis reveals the existence of few particles with simultaneous SERRS and fluorescence signal. The observation of a dynamic exchange between heterogeneous binding sites is supported by the existence of multiple SERRS brightnesses in the signal intensity distribution and by signal fluctuations in the 60 μs time range detected by autocorrelation analysis. Finally, polarization-dependent SERRS autocorrelation curves and single-particle analysis allowed us to measure individual rotational diffusion times and to directly analyze the heterogeneity of the ensemble in solution.
Ubiquitin-related protein FAT10 and hepatocellular carcinoma (2008)

Ubiqitin/ubiqitin-related system is a significant pathway of protein degradation in vi-vo. Plenty of researches suggest that the functional disorder of this system will lead to the expression abnormality of oncogene and anti-oncogene. It plays an important role in the development of tumors. FAT10 is one of the members of ubiqitin-related proteins, which is discovered in recent years. The present research reveals that the expression of FAT10 is highly upregulated in malignant tumors,especially in hepatocellular carcinoma. FAT10 may be become an epige-netic marker for liver preneoplasia.

Key words: 
Liver Neoplasms;  Ubiquitin;  FAT10
Proposal of ID Composition for Fast Location Lookup in Overlay Nodes (2007)

This paper proposes an ID composition for fast location lookup in overlay nodes. In the paper, we assume a location-based routing system constructed on an overlay network. While the overlay approach facilitates network deployment, recent DHT (Distributed Hash Table) technologies allow us to construct robust and high-scalable distributed systems. The point of our proposal is how to map physical location with ID space in DHT. The proposed ID composition realizes fast location lookup only by bit comparisons of IDs. Performance evaluations show that the processing time of location lookup is less than 5 microseconds, even when the number of registered locations is 1 million. The ID composition also allows unicast and multicast transport operations to support both service discovery and information delivery. In addition, this paper discusses how to effectively conduct information delivery within a circular area. Two rules, such as the 4-packet rule and rectangle rule, reduce communication traffic between overlay nodes and receivers to be one third of the simplest method.
Hierarchical statistical characterization of mixed-signal circuits using behavioral modeling (1996)

A methodology for hierarchical statistical circuit characterization which does not rely upon circuit-level Monte Carlo simulation is presented. The methodology uses principal component analysis, response surface methodology, and statistics to directly calculate the statistical distributions of higher-level parameters from the distributions of lower-level parameters. We have used the methodology to characterize a folded cascode operational amplifier and a phase-locked loop. This methodology permits the statistical characterization of large analog and mixed-signal systems, many of which are extremely time-consuming or impossible to characterize using existing methods.
Crystal structure of the guanylyl cyclase Cya2 (2008)

Cyclic GMP (cGMP) is an important second messenger in eukaryotes. It is formed by guanylyl cyclases (GCs), members of the nucleotidyl cyclases class III, which also comprises adenylyl cyclases (ACs) from most organisms. To date, no structures of eukaryotic GCs are available, and all bacterial class III proteins were found to be ACs. Here we describe the biochemical and structural characterization of the class III cyclase Cya2 from cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803. Cya2 shows high specificity for GTP versus ATP, revealing it to be the first bacterial GC, and sequence similarity searches indicate that GCs are also present in other bacteria. The crystal structure of Cya2 provides first structural insights into the universal GC family. Structure and mutagenesis studies show that a conserved glutamate, assisted by an interacting lysine, dominates substrate selection by forming hydrogen bonds to the substrate base. We find, however, that a second residue involved in substrate selection has an unexpected sterical role in GCs, different from its hydrogen bonding function in the related ACs. The structure identifies a tyrosine that lines the guanine binding pocket as additional residue contributing to substrate specificity. Furthermore, we find that substrate specificity stems from faster turnover of GTP, rather than different affinities for GTP and ATP, implying that the specificity-determining interactions are established after the binding step.
Electromigration lifetime prediction of RF-PA transistors (2004)

This work represents reliability investigation of LDMOS gold plating RF-PA transistors implemented in a base-station environment. Purpose of this work is to obtain knowledge for electromigration reliability assessment of the RF-PA and create an adequate method to predict the lifetime of Au/Si thin stripe implemented in structure of the RF-PA. Therefore, a procedure how to evaluate electromigration failure risks by combining microstructural analysis, lifetime acceleration experiments and adequate modelling is described.
<title>Packet-loss-resilient Internet video streaming</title> (1998)

This paper describes a transmission scheme for Internet video streaming that provides an acceptable video quality over a wide range of connection qualities. The proposed system consists of a scalable video coder which uses a fully standard compatible H.263 coder in its base layer. The scalable video coder is combined with unequal error protection using Reed- Solomon codes applied across packets. We present and verify a two-state Markov model for packet losses over Internet connections. The relation between packet loss and picture quality at the decoder for an unequally protected layered video stream is derived. Experimental results show that, with our approach, the picture quality of a streamed video degrades gracefully as the packet loss probability of an Internet connection increases.
Testing LED lighting for colour discrimination and colour rendering (2008)

Abstract Light‐emitting diode (LED) technology offers the possibility of obtaining white light, despite narrow‐band spectra. In order to characterize the colour discrimination efficiency of various LED clusters, we designed a classification test, composed of 32 caps equally distributed along the hue circle at about 3 ΔE* ab ‐unit intervals. Forty normal colour observers were screened under four different LED test light sources adjusted for best colour rendering, and under one control incandescent light of the same colour temperature. We used commercially available red, green, blue, and/or amber LED clusters. These yielded a poor colour rendering index (CRI). They also induced a significantly higher number of erroneous arrangements than did the control light. Errors are located around greenish‐blue and purplish‐red shades, parallel to the yellow‐axis direction, whereas when the distribution of light covers the full spectrum, the LED clusters achieve satisfactory colour discrimination efficiency. With respect to the lights we tested, the colour discrimination is correlated with the CIE CRIs as well as with a CRI based on our sample colours. We stress the fact that increasing the chroma of samples by lighting does not necessarily imply an improvement of colour discrimination. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 8–17, 2009.
Simulation of a tractor-implement model under the influence of lateral disturbances (2007)

This work presents the derivation of a comprehensive mathematical model for an off-road vehicle such as an agricultural tractor that drags behind it a heavy implement. The models are being developed with the aim of designing robust controllers that will enable the high precision control of the implement's trajectory. The developed model is subjected to real conditions, such as ground undulation and uncertainty, sloping terrain, tyre slippage, and constrained steering of the tractor. The implement is assumed to possess independently steered wheels for aiding in implement alignment. A complete model is presented and simulated under varying conditions. Primarily this work demonstrates and validates the trailed vehicle system behavior when the trailing implement is subjected to large drag forces due to ground engagement and the significantly large lateral disturbances that occur in real life broad acre farming conditions.
Effects of a novel arginine methyltransferase inhibitor on T‐helper cell cytokine production (2010)

The protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) family of enzymes catalyzes the transfer of methyl groups from S-adenosylmethionine to the guanidino nitrogen atom of peptidylarginine to form monomethylarginine or dimethylarginine. We created several less polar analogs of the specific PRMT inhibitor arginine methylation inhibitor-1, and one such compound was found to have improved PRMT inhibitory activity over the parent molecule. The newly identified PRMT inhibitor modulated T-helper-cell function and thus may serve as a lead for further inhibitors useful for the treatment of immune-mediated disease.
Mutational Spectrum, Copy Number Changes, and Outcome: Results of a Sequencing Study of Patients With Newly Diagnosed Myeloma (2015)

We have refined our understanding of genetic events in myeloma and identified clinically relevant mutations that may be used to better stratify patients at presentation.