gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of power dissipation and skew sensitivity in clock buffer synthesis (1995)

Article Free Access Share on Optimization of power dissipation and skew sensitivity in clock buffer synthesis Authors: Jae W. Chung Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mail Code 0114, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mail Code 0114, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CaliforniaView Profile , De-Yu Kao Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mail Code 0407, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mail Code 0407, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CaliforniaView Profile , Chung-Kuan Cheng Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mail Code 0114, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mail Code 0114, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CaliforniaView Profile , Ting-Ting Lin Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mail Code 0407, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mail Code 0407, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CaliforniaView Profile Authors Info & Claims ISLPED '95: Proceedings of the 1995 international symposium on Low power designApril 1995 Pages 179–184https://doi.org/10.1145/224081.224113Published:23 April 1995Publication History 2citation335DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations2Total Downloads335Last 12 Months13Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Modeling of field penetration through planes in multilayered packages (2001)

This paper describes a method for analyzing the field penetrating through planes in package power distribution networks. This field can cause excessive noise in the system at resonant frequencies of the package. The effect has been quantified both in the time and frequency domain and compared with measurements. General guidelines have been suggested to suppress this noise by varying the material and physical parameters of the planes.
Deletion at ITPR1 Underlies Ataxia in Mice and Spinocerebellar Ataxia 15 in Humans (2007)

We observed a severe autosomal recessive movement disorder in mice used within our laboratory. We pursued a series of experiments to define the genetic lesion underlying this disorder and to identify a cognate disease in humans with mutation at the same locus. Through linkage and sequence analysis we show here that this disorder is caused by a homozygous in-frame 18-bp deletion in Itpr1 (Itpr1(Delta18/Delta18)), encoding inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor 1. A previously reported spontaneous Itpr1 mutation in mice causes a phenotype identical to that observed here. In both models in-frame deletion within Itpr1 leads to a decrease in the normally high level of Itpr1 expression in cerebellar Purkinje cells. Spinocerebellar ataxia 15 (SCA15), a human autosomal dominant disorder, maps to the genomic region containing ITPR1; however, to date no causal mutations had been identified. Because ataxia is a prominent feature in Itpr1 mutant mice, we performed a series of experiments to test the hypothesis that mutation at ITPR1 may be the cause of SCA15. We show here that heterozygous deletion of the 5' part of the ITPR1 gene, encompassing exons 1-10, 1-40, and 1-44 in three studied families, underlies SCA15 in humans.
The inflammatory response to ischemic acute kidney injury: a result of the ‘right stuff’ in the ‘wrong place’? (2007)

The concepts discussed in this review are important for clinical medicine. Drugs and genetic manipulation may ameliorate ischemic kidney injury by regulating the inflammatory response to cell injury.
Gene knockout of Acc2 has little effect on body weight, fat mass, or food intake (2010)

Deletion of acetyl CoA carboxylase-2 (Acc2) reportedly causes leanness in the setting of hyperphagia. To determine the cellular basis for these effects, we generated a mouse model in which Acc2 can be selectively deleted by the action of Cre recombinase. Deletion of Acc2 from skeletal muscle, the predominant site of Acc2 expression, had no effect on body weight, food intake, or body composition. When Acc2 was inactivated in the germline, Acc2 knockout (Acc2KO) mice displayed no differences in body weight, food intake, body composition, or glucose homeostasis as compared to controls on chow or high fat diet. Total malonyl CoA content and fatty acid oxidation rates in skeletal muscle of Acc2KO mice were unchanged, suggesting metabolic compensation in response to the loss of Acc2. The limited impact of Acc2 deletion on energy balance raises the possibility that selective pharmacological inhibition of Acc2 for the treatment of obesity may be ineffective.
Delayed Wound Healing in Keratin 6a Knockout Mice (2000)

Keratin 6 (K6) expression in the epidermis has two components: constitutive expression in the innermost layer of the outer root sheath (ORS) of hair follicles and inducible expression in the interfollicular epidermis in response to stressful stimuli such as wounding. Mice express two K6 isoforms, MK6a and MK6b. To gain insight into the functional significance of these isoforms, we generated MK6a-deficient mice through mouse embryonic stem cell technology. Upon wounding, MK6a was induced in the outer ORS and the interfollicular epidermis including the basal cell layer of MK6a(+/+) mice, whereas MK6b induction in MK6a(-/-) mice was restricted to the suprabasal layers of the epidermis. After superficial wounding of the epidermis by tape stripping, MK6a(-/-) mice showed a delay in reepithelialization from the hair follicle. However, the healing of full-thickness skin wounds was not impaired in MK6a(-/-) animals. Migration and proliferation of MK6a(-/-) keratinocytes were not impaired in vitro. Furthermore, the migrating and the proliferating keratinocytes of full-thickness wounds in MK6a(-/-) animals expressed neither MK6a nor MK6b. These data indicate that MK6a does not play a major role in keratinocyte proliferation or migration but point to a role in the activation of follicular keratinocytes after wounding. This study represents the first report of a keratin null mutation that results in a wound healing defect.
Effects of ultrasound on the electrodeposition of lead dioxide on glassy carbon electrodes (1998)

The electrodeposition of lead dioxide from lead(II) nitrate in an acid medium has been used as a test reaction to study the effects of an ultrasound field. The different behaviours found between platinum and glassy carbon electrodes have been compared by means of cyclic voltammetry and simple potential steps. The current–time response for a platinum electrode is not affected by the presence or absence of ultrasound; in contrast, significant changes have been observed in the characteristic regions of these curves (induction time t0) with the glassy carbon electrode. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been employed to follow changes in the surface topography after the electrodes had been exposed to ultrasound. Results indicate that neither pits nor structural modifications that may increase the electrode surface occur with the device used. It is concluded that the activation of glassy carbon electrodes by the action of an ultrasound field for electrodeposition of lead dioxide is associated with the surface functionalization caused by the reaction of OH radicals (derived from aqueous sonolysis) with the carbon surface.
Defects in irradiated silicon: EPR and electron-nuclear double resonance of interstitial boron (1975)

An EPR spectrum, labeled Si-$G28$, is identified as arising from neutral interstitial boron in silicon. It is produced by 1.5-MeV electron irradiation at 20.4\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, presumably when a substitutional boron atom traps a mobile interstitial silicon atom which is produced in the original damage event. Three possible models are discussed which are consistent with the EPR and electron-nuclear double-resonance results: (a) a bent Si-B-Si bonded interstitialcy; (b) a similar Si-Si-B interstitialcy; or (c) a Jahn-Teller distortion of the boron from the hexagonal interstitial site in the silicon lattice. Uniaxial stress in the presence of light at low temperatures produces alignment in one of the distortional degrees of freedom for the defect. This is interpreted as stress alteration of the capture matrix elements for electrons into the differently distorted configurations. Polarized light is also found to produce alignment in the absence of stress into a second degree of freedom for the defect. Thermally activated recovery from this alignment reveals an activation energy for reorientation of 0.6 eV. Interstitial boron is unstable at room temperature, disappearing in \ensuremath{\sim} 30 min with an activation energy also of \ensuremath{\sim} 0.6 eV. It is suggested that annealing may result from long-range migration of the interstitial boron with the one-jump diffusional process being identical to the 0.6-eV reorientational process. This is a natural consequence of models (a) or (c). The reorientation stimulated by light at 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, therefore, indicates that athermal migration may be induced by the light. An attempt to test this using 1.06-\ensuremath{\mu}m YAIG:Nd laser illumination was inconclusive.
Development of Hierarchical Optical Path Cross-Connect Systems Employing Wavelength/Waveband Selective Switches (2011)

We propose hierarchical optical path cross-connect (HOXC) system architectures that utilize wavelength selective switches (WSSs) and waveband selective switches. They are very compactly implemented compared to single-layer optical cross-connect systems that use only WSSs. We have developed a prototype of one of the proposed HOXC architectures and experimentally confirmed its feasibility.
Prolongation of Overall Survival in Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients with the XAGE1 (GAGED2a) Antibody (2014)

The findings suggest that production of the XAGE1 (GAGED2a) antibody predicts good prognosis for patients with lung adenocarcinoma as an immune biomarker and the protective effect of this naturally occurring immune response supports the concept of immunotherapy.
Potential of preventing <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients: Experimental studies in animals (1996)

In patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), respiratory tract infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae are followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa with increasing age. Chronic endobronchial lung infection with P. aeruginosa is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. In Danish CF patients we noted that both onset of initial colonization and chronic lung infection with P. aeruginosa peaked during the winter months which is the season for respiratory virus infections. Virus may therefore pave the way for P. aeruginosa. We established a chronic P. aeruginosa lung infection in rats by embedding mucoid bacteria in seaweed alginate and installing the beads intratracheally into the lower part of the left lung. Although the rats did not suffer from CF, the antibody responses and the pathologic changes of the lungs mimicked the findings in CF patients. By using this model in normal and athymic rats we showed that the T-cell response during the "natural" course of the infection played no major role. In a model of acute P. aeruginosa pneumonia we found that the macroscopic inflammatory response of the lungs was immense and that the natural capacity to clear P. aeruginosa was very efficient and could not be improved by immunization, although high serum levels of IgM, IgG and IgA antibodies to P. aeruginosa alginate, LPS, exotoxin A and sonicate were induced. We developed a method for collecting and measuring IgA in saliva and noted that mucosal IgA antibodies were induced by vaccination; they did not significantly prevent inflammation, however. In the chronic rat model we succeeded to improve the survival significantly and to change the inflammatory response subsequent to vaccination from an acute type inflammation dominated by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) as in CF patients to a chronic type inflammation dominated by mononuclear leukocytes. Furthermore, we found that rats immunized with an alginate containing vaccine had a significantly earlier cellular shift to a chronic type inflammation as well as a significant reduction in the severity of the macroscopic inflammation compared to two other vaccine groups and to nonimmunized controls. Similar results were obtained in rats treated with the TH1 cytokine, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Several authors have shown that the lung tissue damage during chronic infection in CF patients is caused by a type III hypersensitivity reaction leading to release of elastase by PMNs surrounding the bacterial microcolonies. The cellular shift we have induced by vaccination and by IFN-gamma treatment therefore offers a possible new strategy for improving the clinical course in chronically infected CF patients.
Protective effect of nerve growth factor on neurons after traumatic brain injury (2004)

Objective To investigate the protective effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) on neurons after traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods A brain trauma model of fluid-percussion in rats was established and 5 μg 7sNGF was infused in its cerebral ventricle.Activity of SOD,GSH-Px and CAT,i,and neuron apoptosis in brain tissues were observed.Results Activities of SOD,GSH-Px and CAT were markedly higher in NGF treatment group than in simple trauma group on the 3rd posttrauma day,which were (198.96±7.76) UN/ml,(1.21±0.04) UN/mg.protein and (32.58±2.01) UN/mg. protein respectively ( P 0.01).The level of i in NGF treatment group (878.56± 137.3) ?nmol/L was significantly lower than in simple trauma group (972.48±146.66)?nmol/L at 24th h after injury ( P 0.01).The number of apoptosis neurons was obviously lower in NGF treatment group than in simple trauma group ( P 0.01).Conclusion After traumatic brain injury,exogenous NGF can increase the activity of the major antioxidant enzymes in brain tissues and reduce the severe overload of i and provide obvious protective effects against apoptosis.
Progressive compression of 3D graphic models (1997)

A progressive coding method which encodes a 3D graphic model into an embedded bit stream is investigated in this research. The coder first encodes the coarsest resolution of the model, and then includes the finer details gradually. The embedding property allows the decoder to terminate the decoding at an arbitrary position in the compressed bit stream, and a more accurate model can be obtained when more bits are decoded. Numerical experiments are provided to demonstrate the excellent rate distortion performance and progressive compression performance of the new method.
Eternal 5D data storage by ultrafast laser writing in glass (2016)

Securely storing large amounts of information over relatively short timescales of 100 years, comparable to the span of the human memory, is a challenging problem. Conventional optical data storage technology used in CDs and DVDs has reached capacities of hundreds of gigabits per square inch, but its lifetime is limited to a decade. DNA based data storage can hold hundreds of terabytes per gram, but the durability is limited. The major challenge is the lack of appropriate combination of storage technology and medium possessing the advantages of both high capacity and long lifetime. The recording and retrieval of the digital data with a nearly unlimited lifetime was implemented by femtosecond laser nanostructuring of fused quartz. The storage allows unprecedented properties including hundreds of terabytes per disc data capacity, thermal stability up to 1000 °C, and virtually unlimited lifetime at room temperature opening a new era of eternal data archiving.
Mechanisms contributing to central excitability changes during hearing loss (2012)

Exposure to loud sound causes cochlear damage resulting in hearing loss and tinnitus. Tinnitus has been related to hyperactivity in the central auditory pathway occurring weeks after loud sound exposure. However, central excitability changes concomitant to hearing loss and preceding those periods of hyperactivity, remain poorly explored. Here we investigate mechanisms contributing to excitability changes in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) shortly after exposure to loud sound that produces hearing loss. We show that acoustic overexposure alters synaptic transmission originating from the auditory and the multisensory pathway within the DCN in different ways. A reduction in the number of myelinated auditory nerve fibers leads to a reduced maximal firing rate of DCN principal cells, which cannot be restored by increasing auditory nerve fiber recruitment. In contrast, a decreased membrane resistance of DCN granule cells (multisensory inputs) leads to a reduced maximal firing rate of DCN principal cells that is overcome when additional multisensory fibers are recruited. Furthermore, gain modulation by inhibitory synaptic transmission is disabled in both auditory and multisensory pathways. These cellular mechanisms that contribute to decreased cellular excitability in the central auditory pathway are likely to represent early neurobiological markers of hearing loss and may suggest interventions to delay or stop the development of hyperactivity that has been associated with tinnitus.
Molecular structures of <scp>L</scp>-Leu-<scp>L</scp>-Tyr, Gly-<scp>D</scp>,<scp>L</scp>-Met.<i>p</i>-toluenesulfonate and <scp>L</scp>-His-<scp>L</scp>-Leu (1993)

L-Leu-L-Tyr, (I), C15H22N2O4, M(r) = 294.35, crystallizes from MeOH/5% dimethyl sulfoxide in the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1). a = 5.644 (1), b = 12.094 (3), c = 22.548 (4) A, V = 1539.0 (5) A3, Z = 4, Dx = 1.270 g cm-3, Cu K alpha, lambda = 1.54184 A, mu = 7.228 cm-1, F(000) = 632, T = 173 K, final R (on F) = 0.033 for 1347 observations with I > or = 2 sigma (I). (I) crystallizes as a zwitterion with the N-terminus protonated and the C-terminus ionized. The peptide backbone adopts a distorted trans antiparallel beta pleated-sheet conformation, with principal torsion angles psi 1 = 163.7 (2), omega 1 = 158.7 (2), phi 2 = -110.9 (3) and psi 2 = 141.4 (2)degrees. The leucyl residue is in the g-(tg-) conformation while the tyrosyl residue adopts the g- conformation, with the phenol ring twisted from the low-energy perpendicular position. Gly-D,L-Met.p-toluenesulfonate, (II), C7H15N2O3S+.C7H7O3S-, M(r) = 378.47, crystallizes from MeOH/EtOAc in the orthorhombic space group Pbca. a = 33.642 (4), b = 15.951 (1), c = 6.785 (1) A, V = 3641.0 (4) A3, Z = 8, Dx = 1.381 g cm-3, Cu K alpha, lambda = 1.54184 A, mu = 28.865 cm-1, F(000) = 1600, T = 223 K, final R (on F) = 0.055 for 1669 observations with I > or = 3 sigma (I). Gly-D,L-Met exists as a cation with the N- and C-termini protonated, the p-toluenesulfonate being the counterion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ChemInform Abstract: Rhenium‐Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of 1,2‐Disubstituted Naphthalenes. (2013)

Abstract A rhenium complex‐catalyzed reaction of internal alkynes with phenylacetaldehyde dimethylacetal in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of water is reported to give low to moderate yields of 1,2‐disubstituted naphthalenes.
Structural Order in Oxygenated Gallium Nitride Films (2003)

Structural order in nanocrystalline, oxygenated GaN thin films (thickness ∼ 500 nm) has been examined. The films were grown using low-pressure chemical vapor deposition of (CH3)2GaN3 single source precursor. During deposition, residual oxygen from the vacuum environment was incorporated into the films. Photoemission spectroscopy indicated that oxygen mainly substituted nitrogen during deposition. Long-range X-ray diffraction indicated that the films were oriented along the hexagonal (002) direction when the incorporated concentration of oxygen was lower than 25 atomic % (at. %). Above this, the films were amorphous. The results of angle-dependent near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure facilitated the formation of a short-range structural model, which explained the influences of the oxygen concentration on the long-range order in the films. These studies are useful in understanding the structural evolution in doped-nitride films.
Ceramic Fibers for Matrix Composites in High-Temperature Engine Applications (1999)

High-temperature engine applications have been limited by the performance of metal alloys and carbide fiber composites at elevated temperatures. Random inorganic networks composed of silicon, boron, nitrogen, and carbon represent a novel class of ceramics with outstanding durability at elevated temperatures. SiBN(3)C was synthesized by pyrolysis of a preceramic N-methylpolyborosilazane made from the single-source precursor Cl(3)Si-NH-BCl(2). The polymer can be processed to a green fiber by melt-spinning, which then undergoes an intermediate curing step and successive pyrolysis. The ceramic fibers, which are presently produced on a semitechnical scale, combine several desired properties relevant for an application in fiber-reinforced ceramic composites: thermal stability, mechanical strength, high-temperature creep resistivity, low density, and stability against oxidation or molten silicon.
Fundamental Limits of Online and Distributed Algorithms for Statistical Learning and Estimation (2014)

Many machine learning approaches are characterized by information constraints on how they interact with the training data. These include memory and sequential access constraints (e.g. fast first-order methods to solve stochastic optimization problems); communication constraints (e.g. distributed learning); partial access to the underlying data (e.g. missing features and multi-armed bandits) and more. However, currently we have little understanding how such information constraints fundamentally affect our performance, independent of the learning problem semantics. For example, are there learning problems where any algorithm which has small memory footprint (or can use any bounded number of bits from each example, or has certain communication constraints) will perform worse than what is possible without such constraints? In this paper, we describe how a single set of results implies positive answers to the above, for several different settings.
Three-dimensional microchanelled electrodes in flow-through configuration for bioanode formation and current generation (2011)

Three-dimensional microchannelled nanocomposite electrodes fabricated by ice-segregation induced self-assembly of chitosan-dispersed multiwall carbon nanotubes are shown to provide a scaffold for growth of electroactive bacteria for use as acetate-oxidizing bioanodes in bioelectrochemical systems. The hierarchical structure provides a conductive surface area available for G. sulfurreducens colonization, with a flow through configuration along the electrode providing a substrate for bacterial colonization and bio-electrochemical processes. This configuration, whilst resulting in sub-monolayer biofilm coverage over the three-dimensional surface, is capable of providing acetate oxidation current densities of up to 24.5 A m−2, equating to a volumetric current density of 19 kA m−3, in the flow-through configuration. Such bioanodes, when operated in non-optimized flow-through microbial fuel cell configuration, provide a maximum power density of 2.87 W m−2, which is equivalent to 2.0 kW m−3 volumetric power density.