gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Helical Nanofilament Phases (2009)

In the formation of chiral crystals, the tendency for twist in the orientation of neighboring molecules is incompatible with ordering into a lattice: Twist is expelled from planar layers at the expense of local strain. We report the ordered state of a neat material in which a local chiral structure is expressed as twisted layers, a state made possible by spatial limitation of layering to a periodic array of nanoscale filaments. Although made of achiral molecules, the layers in these filaments are twisted and rigorously homochiral--a broken symmetry. The precise structural definition achieved in filament self-assembly enables collective organization into arrays in which an additional broken symmetry--the appearance of macroscopic coherence of the filament twist--produces a liquid crystal phase of helically precessing layers.
The Control of Bleach Manufacture by Oxidation Potential (1950)

The reaction of chlorine and caustic soda used in the manufacture of sodium hypochlorite bleach liquors is usually controlled by manual titration, but may be better controlled by oxidation potential or pH methods. The oxidation potential method is preferred for reasons of simplicity and accuracy. Proper control results in a product of maximum stability, improved bleaching speed, and more efficient use of raw materials. Curves are presented showing the correlation of alkalinity and oxidation potential as measured by platinum‐calomel and platinum‐silver electrode pairs. Data on the effect of oxidation potential on stability and bleaching speed are also shown. An automatically controlled continuous process for manufacture on this basis is suggested.
Cyclization reactions of molybdenum and chromium carbene complexes with 1,6- and 1,7-enynes: effect of tether length and composition (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclization reactions of molybdenum and chromium carbene complexes with 1,6- and 1,7-enynes: effect of tether length and compositionDaniel F. Harvey, Kevin P. Lund, and David A. NeilCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 22, 8424–8434Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00048a012RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views710Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Explore Social Question and Answer System Based on Relationships in Social Network (2013)

In recent years, Community Question Answering (CQA) service becomes more and more popular, which enables users to ask and answer questions on the web. One important problem is how to find out experts who are qualified and willing to answer the question. Also, with the rapidly increasing number of new questions, experts of experienced in specified domains are not easy to find their interested questions. In this paper, we assume that the ones who have relationships with the questioner are more willing to answer the questions proposed by the questioner than other people. Based on this assumption, we explore the problem of Social Question and Answering and proposed a method to find out the experts who are qualified and willing to answer the questions based on the social relationships of the questioner.
Synthesis and evaluation of some nitrobenzenesulfonamides containing nitroisopropyl and (ureidooxy)methyl groups as novel hypoxic cell-selective cytotoxic agents (1991)

Basic nitrobenzenesulfonamides containing nitroisopropyl and (ureidooxy)methyl groups were prepared and evaluated as novel hypoxic cell selective cytotoxic agents. In vitro, N-(2-aminoethyl)-N-methyl-3-nitro-4-(1-methyl-1-nitroethyl)benzene sulfonamide hydrochloride (11) proved to be preferentially toxic to hypoxic EMT6 mammary carcinoma cells. At 1 mM concentration in vitro, 11 reduced the surviving fraction of these hypoxic cells to 3 x 10(-3) with no effect on aerobic cells. In radiation experiments, 11 appeared to function as a hypoxic cell radiosensitizer as well as a selective cytotoxic agent. However, administration of 11 at 200 mg/kg ip or 100 mg/kg iv to BALB/c mice implanted with solid EMT6 tumors produced no evidence of significant in vivo cytotoxic or radiosensitizing activity. N-Methyl-N-[2-(methylamino)ethyl]-3-nitro-4- [(ureidooxy)methyl]benzenesulfonamide hydrochloride (20) showed slight differential toxicity toward EMT6 cells at 3 mM concentration and radiosensitizing activity comparable to misonidazole at 1 mM concentration.
Permanent Turbidity-Standards (1967)

Permanent turbidity reference standards suitable for measurement of microbial suspensions were prepared by suspending finely divided titanium dioxide in aryl sulfonamide-formaldehyde or methylstyrene resins. Turbidities of these standards, adjusted to a useful range for microbiological and immunological studies, were compared with other reference standards in use today. Tube holders for a Coleman Photonephelometer and a Nepho-Colorimeter were modified to eliminate the water well and to allow use of optically standardized 10-, 16-, or 18-mm test tubes. The standards and the tube holders have been used satisfactorily for more than 12 years.
Surface Stability and Immunogenicity of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Glycoprotein: Role of the Cytoplasmic Domain (2004)

The effects of two functional domains, the membrane-proximal YXXPhi motif and the membrane-distal inhibitory sequence in the long cytoplasmic tail of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope protein (Env), on immunogenicity of the envelope protein were investigated. Genes with codons optimized for mammalian expression were synthesized for the HIV 89.6 Env and a truncated Env with 50 amino acids in the cytoplasmic domain to delete the membrane distal inhibitory sequence for surface expression. Additional genes were generated in which the tyrosine residue in the YXXPhi motif was changed into a serine. Pulse-chase radioactive labeling and immunoprecipitation studies indicated that both domains can mediate endocytosis of the HIV Env, and removal of both domains is required to enhance HIV Env protein surface stability. Analysis of immune responses induced by DNA immunization of mice showed that the DNA construct for the mutant Env exhibiting enhanced surface stability induced significantly higher levels of antibody responses against the HIV Env protein. Our results suggest that the HIV Env cytoplasmic domain may play important roles in virus infection and pathogenesis by modulating its immunogenicity.
Selective localization of matrix metalloproteinase 9, beta1 integrins, and human lymphocyte antigen class I molecules on membrane vesicles shed by 8701-BC breast carcinoma cells. (1998)

The shedding of membrane vesicles from the cell surface is a vital process considered to be involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and in tumor progression. By immunoelectron microscopic analysis of surface replicas of 8701-BC human breast carcinoma cells, we observed that membrane vesicles shed from plasma membranes contained densely clustered gelatinase B [matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9)], beta1 integrins, and human lymphocyte antigen class I molecules. By contrast, alpha-folate receptor was uniformly distributed on the smooth cell membrane and shedding areas. Both cell surface clustering of selected molecules and membrane vesicle release were evident only when cells were cultured in the presence of serum. Vesicle shedding occurred preferentially at the edge or along narrow protrusions of the cell. Specific accumulation of proMMP-9 and active forms of MMP-9 in shed vesicles was also demonstrated by gelatin zymography. In addition, Western blotting analysis showed the presence of a large amount of proMMP-9/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 complex. The release of selected areas of plasma membranes enriched with MMP-9 and beta1 integrins indicates that membrane vesicle shedding from tumor cells plays an important role in the directional proteolysis of the extracellular matrix during cellular migration. The presence of human lymphocyte antigen class I antigens suggests a mechanism for tumor cells to escape from immune surveillance.
Analysis of the Correlation Between Majority Voting Error and the Diversity Measures in Multiple Classifier Systems (2001)

Combining classifiers by majority voting (MV) has\nrecently emerged as an effective way of improving\nperformance of individual classifiers. However, the\nusefulness of applying MV is not always observed and\nis subject to distribution of classification outputs in a\nmultiple classifier system (MCS). Evaluation of MV\nerrors (MVE) for all combinations of classifiers in MCS\nis a complex process of exponential complexity.\nReduction of this complexity can be achieved provided\nthe explicit relationship between MVE and any other\nless complex function operating on classifier outputs is\nfound. Diversity measures operating on binary\nclassification outputs (correct/incorrect) are studied in\nthis paper as potential candidates for such functions.\nTheir correlation with MVE, interpreted as the quality\nof a measure, is thoroughly investigated using artificial\nand real-world datasets. Moreover, we propose new\ndiversity measure efficiently exploiting information\ncoming from the whole MCS, rather than its part, for\nwhich it is applied.
Effect of nanosilica on the thermal, mechanical, and dielectric properties of polyarylene ether nitriles terminated with phthalonitrile (2013)

Nanosilica/polyarylene ether nitriles terminated with phthalonitrile (SiO 2 /PEN‐ t ‐Ph) composites were prepared by hot‐press approach. To ensure the nano‐SiO 2 can disperse uniformly, the solution casting method combined with ultrasonic dispersion technology had been taken previously. The mass fraction of nano‐SiO 2 particles was varied to investigate their effect on the thermal, mechanical, and dielectric properties of the nanocomposites. From scanning electron microscope images, it was found that the nanoSiO 2 particles were dispersed uniformly in the PEN‐ t ‐Ph matrix when the addition of nano‐SiO 2 was less than 16.0 wt%. However, when the mass fraction of nano‐SiO 2 increased to 20.0 wt%, the nano‐SiO 2 particles tend to self‐aggregate and form microns sized particles. Thermal studies revealed that nano‐SiO 2 particles did not weaken the thermal stabilities of the PEN‐ t ‐Ph matrix. Mechanical investigation manifested that the SiO 2 /PEN‐ t ‐Ph nanocomposites with 12.0 wt% nano‐SiO 2 loading showed the best mechanical performance with tensile strength of 108.2 MPa and tensile modulus of 2107.5 Mpa, increasing by 14% and 19%, respectively as compared with the pure PEN‐ t ‐Ph film. Dielectric measurement showed that the dielectric constant increased from 3.70 to 4.15 when the nano‐SiO 2 particles varied from 0.0 to 20.0 wt% at 1 kHz. Therefore, such composite was a good candidate for high performance materials at elevated temperature environment. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:344–350, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Design method for adsorption beds (1970)

Patients with myotonic dystrophy classified clinically into function groups were studied. Muscle strength for knee extension and flexion was, with few exceptions, moderately or markedly reduced with successively more severe clinical disability. The reduction in maximal walking speed showed a similar tendency. There was a large percentage of both type I and in relation to normal findings of type II C fibers in biopsies from most patients. The fiber area varied greatly even in the patients in the best function groups, some of whom had large type II fibers. The most common-histopathological changes, found in all function groups, were fiber atrophy with small angular fibers, internal nuclei, splitting, fibrosis and moth-eaten fibers. A high percentage of type I fibers can already be seen in patients with practically no other morphological changes and without significant functional deterioration.
Full-length transcriptome sequencing and methyl jasmonate-induced expression profile analysis of genes related to patchoulol biosynthesis and regulation in Pogostemon cablin (2019)

The current study comprehensively reported the morphological specificity, volatile chemical compositions and transcriptome characterization of the Chinese-cultivated P. cablin cv. 'Zhanxiang', these results contribute to our better understanding of the physiological and molecular features of patchouli, especially the molecular mechanism of biosynthesis of patchoulol. Our full-length transcriptome data also provides a valuable genetic resource for further studies in patchouli.
Intelligent sensor tasking for space collision mitigation (2010)

Orbital collisions pose a hazard to space operations. Using a high performance computer modeling and simulation environment for space situational awareness, we explore a new paradigm for improving satellite conjunction analysis by obtaining more precise orbital information only for those objects that pose a collision risk greater than a defined threshold to a specific set of satellites during a specified time interval. In particular, we assess the improvement in the quality of the conjunction analysis that can be achieved using a distributed network of ground-based telescopes.
Opening up Decision Making: The View from the Black Stool (1995)

Set on its current course thirty years ago by Herbert Simon’s notions of bounded rationality and sequential stages, the research literature of organizational decision making is claimed in this paper to have suffered from three major limitations labeled reification, dehumanization, and isolation. In particular, it has been stuck along a continuum between the cerebral rationality of the stage theories at one end and the apparent irrationality of the theory of organized anarchies at the other. This paper seeks to open up decision making in three respects. First, the concept of “decision” is opened up to the ambiguities that surround the relationship between commitment and action. Second, the decision maker is opened up to history and experience, to affect and inspiration, and especially to the critical role of insight in transcending the bounds of cerebral rationality. Third, the process of decision making is opened up to a host of dynamic linkages, so that isolated traces of single decisions come to be seen as interwoven networks of issues. The paper concludes with a plea to open up research itself to the development of richer theory on these important processes.
Heat and mass transfer in unsaturated soils during freezing (1997)

This paper presents an approach for predicting heat and mass transfer in freezing unsaturated soil when frost heave does not occur. The theoretical formulation uses soil-freezing and soil-water characteristic curve data to combine the heat and mass transfer relationships into a single equation for freezing or frozen regions of the soil. Numerical simulations were compared with the results of freezing tests for a closed system of fine silica flour where large moisture redistribution occurred without frost heave. Accurate predictions of ice content and water content were obtained using a single permeability versus suction function with no impedance factor. The permeability function was obtained using a recently developed method for predicting permeability functions for unsaturated soils using the soil-water characteristic curve. (A)
RADIATION EFFECTS AND ELECTRICAL STABILITY OF METAL-NITRIDE-OXIDE-SILICON STRUCTURES (1968)

Radiation-induced threshold voltage shifts in MNOS structures are measured as a function of oxide layer thickness. The shifts for negative biases vanish at an oxide thickness near 125 Å and remain negligible for positive biases at this thickness. Electrical stability for this thickness is maintained for gate voltages from −40 to +35 V.
Photoluminescence excitation and de-excitation mechanismof erbium doped silicon monoxide (1996)

The excitation of photoluminescence in erbium doped silicon monoxide is shown to be possible over a continuous pumping spectrum and the decay lifetimes are found to decrease with increasing temperature. These experimental results are explained in the context of a possible indirect pumping mechanism and a back-transfer mechanism, both demonstrating the coupling of the Er3+ ions to the SiO electronic bands.
Ferroelectric inversion layers formed by heat treatment of proton-exchanged LiTaO3 (1990)

We report that a ferroelectric inversion layer can be formed in LiTaO3 by proton exchange in benzoic acid melts followed by heat treatment at temperatures just below the Curie point. It is demonstrated that the inversion layer appears at the −c surface for LiTaO3, whereas it appears at the +c surface for LiNbO3. The dependence of the inversion layer thickness on the conditions of proton exchange and heat treatment is also reported.
Evaluation of an automated hematology system (Technicon H-1). (1986)

We evaluated the Technicon H-1 hematology system, a new third-generation blood cell analyzer that performs a complete blood cell count, including red blood cell (RBC) morphometric studies and a full white blood cell differential count. Linearity and precision were acceptable over the entire clinical range. We compared the H-1 with the Technicon H-6000 and the Coulter S Plus IV. Close correlation was observed for all equivalent parameters except the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), the mean platelet volume, and the basophil count. Poor correlation for the MCHC reflects the novel methodology of the H-1 for measuring RBC size and, independently, RBC hemoglobin content. The H-1 MCHC correlates with hypochromia as assessed morphologically, while the MCHC of the H-6000 or S Plus IV does not. Further technological innovations include measurement of the mean neutrophil peroxidase content and nuclear lobularity.
Organization and function of glycosphingolipids in membrane (2005)

We have characterized novel glycosphingolipids (GSLs) of antigenic or functional importance, including type 3 and type 4 blood group ABH antigens, globo-series gangliosides, sialosyl dimeric Lex, myeloglycan, β1-4GalNAc disialyl-Lc4Cer, etc. Many GSLs have been identified as developmentally-regulated, tumor-associated antigens, suggesting their role in defining stage of development, and tumor cell phenotype. Out of the many types of GSLs, relatively few have been studied and shown to control cellular functions. Our studies indicate that functional effects of these GSLs are based on their interaction with specific target molecules in membrane, including (i) signal transducers (e.g., cSrc, Src family kinases, small G-proteins), to initiate signal transduction; (ii) integrin receptors (e.g., α3β1), to modulate cell adhesion and motility; (iii) growth factor receptors (e.g., for FGF, EGF), to modulate cell growth; (iv) tetraspanins (e.g., proteolipid CD9, CD81, CD82), to affect complex formation with integrin or with growth factor receptor; (v) GSL itself, through GSL-to-GSL interaction; (vi) microbial "adhesin". In many cases, these GSL interactions take place through GSL clusters at GSL-enriched microdomain (GEM). Some GEM show properties similar to those of "lipid rafts", whereas others, particularly those highly enriched in proteolipid/tetraspanin and involved in cell adhesion and cell growth, are distinguishable from "lipid rafts" since they are independent of cholesterol but are non-resistant to (soluble in) 1% Triton X-100. Such microdomains, showing GSL-dependent or -modulated cell adhesion and growth, are termed "glycosynapse". Further studies on GSL structure and function through glycosynapse will help clarify cell social behavior and various disease processes based on malfunction of cellular interaction, or of adhesion with concurrent signaling. (Communicated by Tamio YAMAKAWA, M.J.A.)
A Literature Review of Pressure Ulcer Prevention: Weight Shift Activity, Cost of Pressure Care and Role of the Occupational Therapist (2013)

Introduction: Pressure ulcers are a major concern for those who spend a prolonged period of time sitting. Weight shifts are one prevention strategy used to reduce the risk of tissue damage. Currently, the prevalence of pressure ulcers is high, suggesting that concordance with preventative methods is poor. Occupational therapy focuses on the use of functional activity to promote health and wellbeing. The aim of this literature review was to evaluate the role of functional activity in reducing seated interface pressure. Method: A comprehensive search of nine electronic databases (AMED, CINAHL, Ovid MEDLINE, SportDiscus, EMBASE, British Nursing Index, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and OTDBASE) was conducted between January 2000 and October 2011. Findings: From the 24 articles included in the review, there is limited evidence evaluating the role of functional activity and weight shifts in reducing seated interface pressure. Limited evidence suggests poor concordance with weight shifts, with wheelchair users repositioning on average once every 1–2 hours. The cost of pressure ulcer care is considerable, with an average annual cost of £1.7 billion in the United Kingdom. Occupational therapists have a key preventative role. Conclusion: Further research is needed to explore the role of functional activity and to determine the effectiveness of weight shift activity in reducing seated interface pressure.
Focusing light into deep subwavelength using metamaterial immersion lenses (2010)

We propose and demonstrate metamaterial immersion lenses by shaping plasmonic metamaterials. The convex and concave shapes for the elliptically and hyperbolically dispersive metamaterials are designed using phase compensation method. Numerical simulations verify that the metamaterial immersion lenses possess exceptionally large effective numerical apertures thus can achieve deep subwavelength resolution focusing. We also discuss the importance of the losses in modulating the optical transfer function and thus in enhancing the performance of the metamaterial immersion lenses.
Plasmonic lens enhanced mid-infrared quantum cascade detector (2014)

We demonstrate monolithic integrated quantum cascade detectors enhanced by plasmonic lenses. Surface normal incident mid-infrared radiation is coupled to surface plasmon polaritons guided to and detected by the active region of the detector. The lens extends the optical effective active area of the device up to a 5 times larger area than for standard mesa detectors or pixel devices while the electrical active region stays the same. The extended optical area increases the absorption efficiency of the presented device as well as the room temperature performance while it offers a flexible platform for various detector geometries. A photocurrent response increase at room temperature up to a factor of 6 was observed.