gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interaction of<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>with the Components of the Blood‐Brain Barrier Correlates with an Increased Expression of PilC (1997)

A fatal untreated case of fulminant meningococcemia was examined to investigate the crossing of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by Neisseria meningitidis. Microscopic examination showed bacteria in vivo adhering to the endothelium of both the choroid plexus and the meninges. Comparison of the isolates cultivated from the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) revealed no antigenic variation of the pilin or the class 5 protein, whereas the expression of the PilC protein was greater in the CSF and the choroid plexus than in the blood. This was due to an increased activity of one of the pilC promotors. This higher expression of PilC correlated in vitro with greater adhesiveness to endothelial cells. A mutation in the single pilC locus of this strain abolished in vitro pilus-mediated adhesion to endothelial cells. These data suggest that PilC plays an important role in the crossing of the BBB, likely through pilus-mediated adhesion.
1.5-/spl mu/m InGaAsP-InP slab-coupled optical waveguide lasers (2005)

We report the demonstration of high-power semiconductor slab-coupled optical waveguide lasers (SCOWLs) operating at a wavelength of 1.5 μm. The lasers operate with large (4×8 μm diameter) fundamental mode and produce output power in excess of 800 mW. These structures have very low loss (/spl sim/0.5 cm/sup -1/) enabling centimeter-long devices for efficient heat removal. The large fundamental mode allows 55% butt-coupling efficiency to standard optical fiber (SMF-28). Comparisons are made between SCOWL structures having nominal 4- and 5-μm-thick waveguides.
A role for Pak protein kinases in Schwann cell transformation (1998)

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), a common autosomal dominant disorder caused by loss of the NF1 gene, is characterized clinically by neurofibromas and more rarely by neurofibrosarcomas. Neurofibromin, the protein encoded by NF1, possesses an intrinsic GTPase accelerating activity for the Ras proto-oncogene. Through this activity, it is a negative regulator of Ras. The Pak protein kinase is a candidate for a downstream signaling protein that may mediate Ras signals because it is activated by Rac and Cdc42, two small G proteins required for Ras signaling. Here, we use Pak mutants to explore the role of Pak in Ras signaling in Schwann cells, the cells affected in NF1. Whereas an activated Pak mutant does not transform cells, dominant negative Pak mutants are potent inhibitors of Ras transformation of rat Schwann cells and of a neurofibrosarcoma cell line from an NF1 patient. Although activated Pak stimulated jun-N-terminal kinase, inhibition of Ras transformation by dominant negative Pak did not require inhibition of jun-N-terminal kinase. Instead, the Pak mutants appeared to inhibit transformation by preventing Ras activation of the ERK/mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. These results have implications for our understanding of NF1 because a neurofibrosarcoma cell line derived from a patient with NF1 was reverted by stable expression of the Pak dominant negative mutants.
MoO3 doped 4,4′-N,N′-dicarbazole-biphenyl for low voltage organic light emitting diodes (2011)

MoO3 doped 4,4′-N,N′-dicarbazole-biphenyl (CBP) was found to provide significantly reduced driving voltage when used as a hole transport layer (HTL) in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Up to 70% improvement in power efficiency was realized in a fluorescent green OLED when MoO3 doped CBP was used in place of the traditional N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis-(1-naphthyl)-1-1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (α-NPD) HTL. It is also found that the hole injection across the CBP:MoO3/CBP interface is dependent on the CBP:MoO3 layer thickness. Therefore, the hole injection can be engineered by tuning the doping thickness which is useful for optimizing the electron-hole balance.
Nuclear DNA content, S-phase fraction analysis and expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) of normal and hyperplastic/neoplastic parathyroid glands. (1997)

To clarify the biological behavior, the flowcytometric nuclear DNA content, S-phase fraction(SPF) and proliferating cells by immunostaining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) were investigated in 13 patients with hyperparathyroidism (10 adenomas, 2 hyperplasias and 1 cancer) and 10 normal controls. No. of parathyroid glands or tissues examined was as follows: 10 adenomas, three hyperplasias from one case, one primary and one recurrent carcinoma of the same case, two secondary hyperplasias from one case and 10 normal glands. All controls and hyperplasias showed diploid DNA, but the 10 adenomas aneuploid in four and diploid in six. The carcinoma showed diploid in the primary lesion, aneuploid in the recurrence. DNA index in recurrent carcinoma was higher than that in aneuploid adenoma. SPF in primary and recurrent cancers and adenomas as higher than that in the others. The expression of PCNA in all hyperparathyroidism except for hyperplasias was higher than that in normal controls. In conclusion, there might be some premalignant potential in the adenomas from the view of DNA flowcytometry and PCNA immunostaining. Therefore, aneuploid adenoma should be strictly followed up.
Growth factor‐induced neurite growth in primary neuronal cultures of dogs with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (1994)

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) is a type of lysosomal storage disease resulting in the progressive deterioration of neuronal function. Little is known about the genetics, pathophysiology and biochemical basis of this disease. This is, in part, due to the complexity of the central nervous system and the lack of an in vitro model. In this report, we describe the conditions to establish neuronal cells in primary culture from the brains of newborn English setters with NCL, a canine model for this disease. Over 80% of the neuronal cells from normal dog brain establish well-developed interconnecting networks of long neurites. On the contrary, approximately 50% of the neurons cultured from NCL dog brains do not assemble neurites. Of those NCL neurons with processes, the neurites are routinely shorter and fewer in number than those seen in normal cultures. In addition, the characteristic inclusion bodies, pathological markers for this disease in vivo, are prevalent in the soma of cultured neuronal cells isolated from NCL dog brain. A time-dependent maturation of the inclusion bodies suggests a progression of the disease state in culture. The reduced ability of the NCL neurons to establish neurites prompted us to examine the effects of growth factors on neurite assembly. Our data show that insulin-like growth factor I, epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor are capable of stimulating neurite outgrowth of NCL neurons. We report the establishment and morphological characterization of neuronal cultures from normal and NCL dog brains. The abnormal morphology of cultured NCL neurons can, in part, be alleviated by supplementing the medium with growth factors. The results suggest that this cellular model of NCL will be useful to study the molecular and physiological mechanisms of NCL disease, as well as to test potential therapeutic agents and candidate genes.
Three dimensional (BA, SR) TIO <sub>3</sub> stack capacitors for dram application (2001)

Abstract Three dimensional integration of BSTO thin films for Gigabit DRAM application is performed by a MOCVD BST process combined with a high temperature barrier stack of TaSiN/Ir/IrO2 with SiO2 sidewall protection. The SiO2 layer is formed by a new low temperature HDP process. This barrier stack enables the use of a new two step high temperature MOCVD BST process, which results in high quality BST films. First, a very thin BST seed layer is deposited at 450°C. The second layer is formed at 640°C. Using these two key processes, we have established a baseline for BST capacitors on 0.2μm feature size. 256k capacitor arrays show capacitance up to 18.1 fF/cell with excellent leakage current around 1 fA/cell (DC, 1V). The capacitance is scaling with different capacitor arrays (4k to 256k).
Interleukin-10 Attenuates the Release of Proinflammatory Cytokines but Depresses Splenocyte Functions in Murine Endotoxemia (1996)

Interleukin-10 prevents E coli lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokinemia but dampens antigen-driven cellular immune responses. Although IL-10 protects against the detrimental effects of proinflammatory cytokines by deactivation of macrophages, its immunosuppressive effect may augment susceptibility to repeated or continuous invasion of microorganisms, as it is observed during clinical sepsis.
Circuit for continuous motional series resonant frequency and motional resistance monitoring of quartz crystal resonators by parallel capacitance compensation (2002)

A deep analysis of the problem associated with oscillators as interface circuits for quartz-crystal-microbalance sensors, reveals that the so-called static capacitance of the sensor is one of the elements that makes the use of oscillators more critical for sensors applications. A phase-locked-loop based circuit specifically designed for compensating the parallel capacitance effects in quartz crystal resonator sensors is presented. This circuit permits the calibration of the external circuitry to the sensor and an accurate determination of the effective capacitive compensation. The system provides a continuous measurement of the motional series resonant frequency and motional resistance. An extension and automation of the proposed system for multiple sensor characterization is introduced. The theoretical analysis of the circuit along with the experimental results presented prove that the proposed system is a good alternative for quartz sensors characterization.
Mapping of homologous, amino-terminal neutralizing regions of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I and II gp46 envelope glycoproteins (1992)

Twelve synthetic peptides containing hydrophilic amino acid sequences of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) envelope glycoprotein were coupled to tetanus toxoid and used to raise epitope-specific antisera in goats and rabbits. Low neutralizing antibody titers (1:10 to 1:20) raised in rabbits to peptides SP-2 (envelope amino acids [aa] 86 to 107), SP-3 (aa 176 to 189), and SP-4A (aa 190 to 209) as well as to combined peptide SP-3/4A (aa 176 to 209) were detected in the vesicular stomatitis virus-HTLV-I pseudotype assay. Higher-titered neutralizing antibody responses to HTLV-I (1:10 to 1:640) were detected with pseudotype and syncytium inhibition assays in four goats immunized with a combined inoculum containing peptides SP-2, SP-3, and SP-4A linked to tetanus toxoid. These neutralizing anti-HTLV-I antibodies were type specific in that they did not inhibit HTLV-II syncytium formation. Neutralizing antibodies in sera from three goats could be absorbed with peptide SP-2 (aa 86 to 107) as well as truncated peptides containing envelope aa 90 to 98, but not with equimolar amounts of peptides lacking envelope aa 90 to 98. To map critical amino acids that contributed to HTLV-I neutralization within aa 88 to 98, peptides in which each amino acid was sequentially replaced by alanine were synthesized. The resulting 11 synthetic peptides with single alanine substitutions were then used to absorb three neutralizing goat antipeptide antisera. Both asparagines at positions 93 and 95 were required for adsorption of neutralizing anti-HTLV-I antibodies from all three sera. Peptide DP-90, containing the homologous region of HTLV-II envelope glycoprotein (aa 82 to 97), elicited antipeptide neutralizing antibodies to HTLV-II in goats that were type specific. In further adsorption experiments, it was determined that amino acid differences between homologous HTLV-I and HTLV-II envelope sequences at HTLV-I aa 95 (N to Q) and 97 (G to L) determined the type specificity of these neutralizing sites. Thus, the amino-terminal regions of HTLV-I and -II gp46 contain homologous, linear, neutralizing determinants that are type specific.
Neural Logic Machines (2019)

We propose the Neural Logic Machine (NLM), a neural-symbolic architecture for both inductive learning and logic reasoning. NLMs exploit the power of both neural networks---as function approximators, and logic programming---as a symbolic processor for objects with properties, relations, logic connectives, and quantifiers. After being trained on small-scale tasks (such as sorting short arrays), NLMs can recover lifted rules, and generalize to large-scale tasks (such as sorting longer arrays). In our experiments, NLMs achieve perfect generalization in a number of tasks, from relational reasoning tasks on the family tree and general graphs, to decision making tasks including sorting arrays, finding shortest paths, and playing the blocks world. Most of these tasks are hard to accomplish for neural networks or inductive logic programming alone.
State of the Art in Service-oriented Architecture (2008)

Service-oriented architecture (SOA) is a growing concept for distributed software systems that opens new avenues for complex business processes spanning enterprise borders that require integration. This is accomplished by the utilization of the numerous technologies that comprise SOA. Although many standards for such an implementation have been established in recent years, SOA remains steeped in controversies over the methods that realize its complete architectural model. In this book, the author Hendrik Mueller provides a state-of-the-art analysis of existing as well as emerging standards and technologies relevant to SOA. Furthermore, he closely examines business processes and their relationship to these technologies. He elucidates the different approaches to SOA implementation and illustrates them by the example of a prototype. This book addresses readers from both academia as well as the industry as an insight into the fundamentals of SOA, its evolution, and its recent avatar.
Routine Use of Beta-Adrenergic Agonists in Asthma (1995)

"Routine use of beta-adrenergic agonists in asthma.." American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 152(2), p. 823
Nonlinear properties of snoring sounds (2011)

In this paper, the Gaussianity and linearity of the snoring sound (SS) segments extracted from respiratory sounds are discussed. The respiratory sound signals were recorded from 30 individuals by two microphones simultaneously with full-night Polysomnography (PSG) during sleep. The first microphone was placed over the trachea (the tracheal microphone), and the other one was a free standing microphone (the ambient microphone). The SS segments were identified automatically from the respiratory sounds. The bispectrum and bicoherence of each SS segment were estimated. These measures were used to construct a statistic to test for the Gaussianity and the linearity of each SS segment. The result showed that all SS segments recorded by the tracheal microphone were non-Gaussian, while their linearity was variable over time. It was also observed that the number of nonlinear SS segments were higher in the sounds recorded by tracheal microphone than in those recorded by the ambient microphone.
Alternative Splicing of <i>Cyr61</i> Is Regulated by Hypoxia and Significantly Changed in Breast Cancer (2009)

Hypoxia is known to induce the transcriptional activation of pathways involved in angiogenesis, growth factor signaling, and tissue invasion and is therefore a potential key regulator of tumor growth. Cyr61 (cysteine rich 61) is a secreted, matricellular protein with proangiogenic capabilities and is transcriptionally induced under hypoxic conditions. High expression levels of Cyr61 were already detected in various cancer types and linked to tumor progression and advanced stages in breast cancer. Besides hypoxia, there is some evidence that posttranscriptional pre-mRNA processing could be involved in the regulation of Cyr61 expression, but was thus far not investigated. We studied the expression pattern of Cyr61 mRNA and protein in breast cancer cell lines as well as in matched pairs of noncancerous breast tissue, preinvasive lesions, and invasive breast cancers, respectively. In addition, we analyzed the potential regulatory capability of hypoxia on Cyr61 expression by functional tissue culture experiments. Our study revealed a stage-dependent induction of Cyr61 mRNA and protein in breast cancer tumorigenesis and for the first time alternative splicing of the Cyr61 gene due to intron retention. Breast carcinogenesis was accompanied by a shift from an intron 3 retaining toward an intron 3 skipping mRNA phenotype consecutively leading to processing of the biological active Cyr61 protein. The functional analyses strongly emphasize that hypoxia serves as a specific inducer of alternative Cyr61 splicing toward the intron skipping mRNA isoform with potential biological consequences in tumor cells.
Self-Assessing Photoluminescent Polyurethanes (2006)

Due to excimer formation upon self-assembly, the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of isolated and aggregated cyano-substituted oligo(p-phenylene vinylene) (cyano-OPV) molecules can be very different. With the objective to create self-assessing elastomers, which reversibly change their PL color as a function of applied strain, cyano-OPVs were used here as built-in deformation sensors in thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs). Binary blends of a commercial TPU and 0.05−0.4% w/w of various cyano-OPVs were prepared by melt processing. The phase behavior and emission characteristics of these materials were strongly influenced by the chromophore's chemical structure, the blend's composition, and the processing protocol. However, only a modest PL color change was observed upon deformation of these blends. Also investigated was the covalent incorporation of 1,4-bis(α-cyano-4-(12-hydroxydodecyloxy)styryl)-2,5-dimethoxybenzene into TPUs based on poly(tetramethylene glycol), butanediol, and 4,4‘-methylene-bis(phenyl isocyanate). The TPU composition was systematically varied, and the composition was related to the material's PL response. This approach afforded TPUs which in their relaxed state display predominantly excimer emission and exhibit a significant PL color change upon deformation. This mechanochromic response was largely reversible and mirrored the stress−strain curves of the materials.
PrivacyCam: a Privacy Preserving Camera Using uCLinux on the Blackfin DSP (2007)

Considerable research work has been done in the area of surveillance and biometrics, where the goals have always been high performance, robustness in security and cost optimization. With the emergence of more intelligent and complex video surveillance mechanisms, the issue of "privacy invasion" has been looming large. Very little investment or effort has gone into looking after this issue in an efficient and cost-effective way. The process of PICO (privacy through invertible cryptographic obscuration) is a way of using cryptographic techniques and combining them with image processing and video surveillance to provide a practical solution to the critical issue of "privacy invasion". This paper presents the idea and example of a realtime embedded application of the PICO technique, using uCLinux on the tiny Blackfin DSP architecture, along with a small Omnivision camera. It demonstrates how the practical problem of "privacy invasion" can be successfully addressed through DSP hardware in terms of smallness in size and cost optimization. After review of previous applications of "privacy protection", and system components, we discuss the "embedded jpeg-space" detection of regions of interest and the real time application of encryption techniques to improve privacy while allowing general surveillance to continue. The resulting approach permits full access (violation of privacy) only by access to the private-key to recover the decryption key, thereby striking a fine trade-off among privacy, security, cost and space.
Impairment of Early Insulin Response after Glucose Load, Rather than Insulin Resistance, is Responsible for Postprandial Hyperglycemia Seen in Obese Type 2 Diabetes. Assessment Using Nateglinide, a New Insulin Secretagogue. (2000)

The insulin secretory pattern as a phenotype of type 2 diabetes is an impairment in the rapid, pulsatile secretion of insulin in response to a rise in blood glucose after meal-intake. The restoration of endogenous rapid insulin secretion after oral glucose load was established for the first time by using nateglinide, which is a newly developed insulin secretagogue, in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It was clearly demonstrated that with nateglinide, serum insulin levels were quickly raised, and glycemic response curves were almost normalized with the same amount of insulin secretion during 180 min. Therefore, the lack of rapid, pulsatile secretion of insulin in response to glycemic rise after oral glucose load, rather than insulin resistance, is responsible for postprandial glycemic response in obese type 2 diabetes patients.
Plasma thrombomodulin in health and diseases (1990)

Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by immunoblot analysis of plasma thrombomodulin concentrate revealed that four degraded forms of thrombomodulin with different molecular weights are present in plasma. Plasma concentrations of thrombomodulin in patients with various diseases were measured by two methods of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using monoclonal antibodies. One method measures intact thrombomodulin and degraded forms of thrombomodulin; the other does not detect the two smaller degraded forms of thrombomodulin present in plasma. The results indicated that thrombomodulin was increased in the circulating blood of patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome, pulmonary thromboembolism, adult respiratory distress syndrome, chronic renal failure, or acute hepatic failure. The different values obtained by the two methods indicate that the increase of plasma thrombomodulin found in these patients was mainly due to an increase of the smaller fragments of degraded forms, suggesting that the release of thrombomodulin from endothelial cells was accelerated in various disease states by proteolytic activity generated on the surface of the endothelium and may be removed from the circulation mostly by the kidneys and liver.
The structural genes for methylmalonyl-CoA metabolism in Propionibacterium shermanii (1986)

Digitisation of this thesis was sponsored by Arcadia Fund, a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin.
Mini RF-Driven Ion Sources for Focused Ion Beam Systems (2002)

Mini rf-driven ion sources with 1.2 cm and 1.5 cm inner chamber diameter have been developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Several gas species have been tested including argon, krypton, and hydrogen. These mini ion sources operate in inductively coupled mode and are capable of generating high current density ion beams at tens of watts of absorbed rf power. Since the plasma potential is relatively low in the plasma chamber, these mini ion sources can function reliably without any perceptible sputtering damage of the chamber wall. The mini rf-driven ion sources will be combined with electrostatic focusing columns, and are capable of producing nanofocused ion beams for micromachining and semiconductor fabrications.