gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production of crosslinked, hollow nanoparticles by surface‐initiated living free‐radical polymerization (2002)

Abstract Surface‐initiated living free‐radical polymerization is employed in a multistep procedure to prepare hollow polymeric nanocapsules. Initially, trichlorosilyl‐substituted alkoxyamine initiating groups are attached to the surface silanol groups of silica nanoparticles. This surface layer of initiating groups is then used to grow functionalized linear chains leading to a core–shell morphology. The choice of functional groups is governed by their ability to undergo facile crosslinking reactions, with both active ester and benzocyclobutene groups being examined. Under either chemical or thermal conditions, the reaction of these functionalities gives a crosslinked polymeric shell that is covalently attached to, and surrounds, the central silica core. Removal of the silica core with HF then gives the hollow polymeric nanocapsules, which are stable under solvent dissolution and thermal treatment because of their crosslinked structure. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 1309–1320, 2002
A new LSI bonding technology 'micron bump bonding technology' (2003)

The micron-bump bonding method for LSI chip bonding, which allows micron-order direct bonding between the LSI electrode and an electrode on the circuit substrate, is discussed. The shrinkage stress generated in light-setting insulation resin is utilized to apply a compressive force to the LSI chip, pressing it against the electrodes provided on a substrate. LSI chips having an interelectrode spacing of 10 mu m and 2320 electrodes was successfully gang bonded face down with high reliability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Photochemistry of bisphenol‐a based polycarbonate: The effect of the matrix and early detection of photo‐fries product formation (1992)

Abstract The effect of polymer matrices on a photoinduced rearrangement process has been shown to be dependent upon whether the photoreactive group is attached to a polymer backbone, or free. If diphenylcarbonate is simply embedded in a polymer matrix, the rearrangement process is independent of whether the host film is above or below its glass transition. However, if the diphenylcarbonate group is incorporated as part of a polycarbonate backbone, the Fries rearrangement process is significantly reduced for photolyses conducted at temperatures well below the glass transition of polycarbonate. The utility of fluorescence spectroscopy in identification of the initial salicylate type photo‐Fries type rearrangement product of polycarbonate is also demonstrated. The broad, structureless fluorescence spectrum with peak maximum at 470 nm produced by photolysis of polycarbonate films for short time periods is assigned to emission from phenyl salicylate type photoproducts. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Performance analysis of data deduplication technology for storage (2009)

Recently, the research about deduplication technology is focus on how to save the disk space and decrease the chunking index table's size but not performance analysis when this technology is integrated into the storage system. In this paper, we present the classification of various deduplication technologies for storage and compare these different categories then develop the architecture and process flow for the online storage service. The analytical model is developed to description and calculation of storage performance, including the deduplication ratio, system throughput and energy savings. The results analyzed on the model are encouraging, and indicating that the model provides the accurate performance.
The implementation process of a diabetes EPR (2005)

In this paper, we outline and describe the development and implementation process of a Diabetes Electronic Patient Record system (DR). We describe and analyze the process using understandings and concepts from Science, Technology and Society studies (STS). We attribute the status of the current system to various associations and translations, where the project group members become engaged and interested in the process of developing DR in profound ways, an interest that may lack or is difficult to establish in large system development projects.
Guanosine 5′-[<i>γ</i>-thio]triphosphate-stimulated hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in HL-60 granulocytes. Evidence that the guanine nucleotide acts by relieving phospholipase C from an inhibitory constraint (1990)

Myeloid differentiated human leukaemia (HL-60) cells contain a soluble phospholipase C that hydrolysed phosphatidylinositol 4.5-bisphosphate and was markedly stimulated by the metabolically stable GTP analogue guanosine 5′-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (GTP[S]). Half-maximal and maximal (up to 5-fold) stimulation of inositol phosphate formation by GTP[S] occurred at 1.5 microM and 30 microM respectively. Other nucleotides (GTP, GDP, GMP, guanosine 5′-[beta-thio]diphosphate. ATP, adenosine 5′-[gamma-thio]triphosphate, UTP) did not affect phospholipase C activity, GTP[S] stimulation of inositol phosphate accumulation was inhibited by excess GDP, but not by ADP. The effect of GTP[S] on inositol phosphate formation was absolutely dependent on and markedly stimulated by free Ca2+ (median effective concn. approximately 100 nM). Analysis of inositol phosphates by anion-exchange chromatography revealed InsP3 as the major product of GTP[S]-stimulated phospholipase C activity. In the absence of GTP[S], specific phospholipase C activity was markedly decreased when tested at high protein concentrations, whereas GTP[S] stimulation of the enzyme was markedly enhanced under these conditions. As both basal and GTP[S]-stimulated inositol phosphate formation were linear with time whether studied at low or high protein concentration, these results suggest that (a) phospholipase C is under an inhibitory constraint and (b) GTP[S] relieves this inhibition, most likely by activating a soluble GTP-binding protein.
Bone-targeted rapamycin analogs inhibit osteolysis and tumor growth in a PC-3-GFP intratibial bone cancer model in nude mice (2006)

1116 mTOR is a PI3K-like kinase that links mitogenic stimuli and nutrient status to cell growth, division and metabolism, and is an important target for anti-tumor therapy. Rapamycin is a natural product mTOR inhibitor that functions by inducing an inhibitory complex between mTOR and FKBP. Rapamycin and its derivatives also have inhibitory effects on osteoclasts and osteoclast cell precursors in vitro and in animal models of bone disease. These observations have prompted us to design bone-targeted analogs of rapamycin with the aim of enhancing the anti-tumor and anti-osteoclast effects at bone, for potential use in treating primary bone cancers and bone metastases. Previously we reported on several novel bone-targeted mTOR inhibitors, including AP23841, which demonstrated potent and sustained inhibition of PTH-induced hypercalcemia in mice. In this study, we synthesized a series of optimized analogs of AP23841 and tested them in a mouse model of bone-localized disease. Compounds were synthesized from common, activated rapamycin intermediates and various functionalized bone-targeted groups in good yield and high purity (>98%). Bone-targeted compounds varied according to in vitro hydroxyapatite (HA) affinity and linker functionality (e.g., cleavable or non-cleavable). Compounds were also tested for FKBP binding affinity using a fluorescence polarization assay. For in vivo testing, PC-3-GFP prostate cancer cells were injected intratibially into nude mice, and anti-tumor and anti-osteolytic effects assessed by GFP imaging, radiology and histology. One compound in particular, AP24170, demonstrated potent inhibitory effects on tumor growth (38% T/C) following 2-3 wks dosing (14 mg/kg iv, QDx5 and weekly) that were similar to rapamycin dosed equivalently (45% T/C). AP24170 also potently inhibited osteolysis in the mice, as scored semi-quantitatively by whole animal radiography with a statistically significant greater reduction in the osteolysis score vs. rapamycin (p
On the Synthesis of Scymnol (1993)

Reinvestigation of a reported synthesis of scymnol (5ß-cholestane-3a,7a,12a,24,26,27-hexol) has cast doubt on the success of that synthetic route. A modified synthetic pathway has been developed and scymnol, racemic at C24, has been unequivocally prepared from cholic acid. Extensive proton and 13C n.m.r. spectroscopy has been used to confirm the structure of the product. A new, simple method of desulfation of natural scymnol sufate has been developed.
Identification of a novel 17,000-dalton parathyroid hormone-like adenylate cyclase-stimulating protein from a tumor associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. (1987)

Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy is a common paraneoplastic syndrome which is characterized by hypercalcemia resulting from secretion by tumors of a circulating bone-resorbing factor. Evidence suggests that in many instances this factor is an adenylate cyclase-stimulating protein which shares features with, but is distinct from, parathyroid hormone (PTH). The current report describes the purification to homogeneity from a humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy-associated tumor of a novel, basic, highly potent PTH-like adenylate cyclase-stimulating protein. This factor differs from previously described PTH-like factors with respect to size, amino acid composition, and specific activity.
Bacterial Carbonic Anhydrases as Drug Targets: Toward Novel Antibiotics? (2011)

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are metalloenzymes which catalyze the hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and protons. Many pathogenic bacteria encode such enzymes belonging to the α-, β-, and/or γ-CA families. In the last decade, the α-CAs from Neisseria spp. and Helicobacter pylori as well as the β-class enzymes from Escherichia coli, H. pylori,Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Brucella spp., Streptococcus pneumoniae, Salmonella enterica, and Haemophilus influenzae have been cloned and characterized in detail. For some of these enzymes the X-ray crystal structures were determined, and in vitro and in vivo inhibition studies with various classes of inhibitors, such as anions, sulfonamides and sulfamates reported. Although efficient inhibitors have been reported for many such enzymes, only for Neisseria spp., H. pylori, B. suis, and S. pneumoniae enzymes it has been possible to evidence inhibition of bacterial growth in vivo. Thus, bacterial CAs represent promising targets for obtaining antibacterials devoid of the resistance problems of the clinically used such agents but further studies are needed to validate these and other less investigated enzymes as novel drug targets.
Prognostic factors for thyroid carcinoma (1997)

Survival varied markedly among patients with different histologic types of thyroid carcinoma. Stage at diagnosis and tumor differentiation were important prognostic factors for each histologic type. Age at diagnosis was a stronger predictor of survival for patients with follicular and medullary carcinoma than for patients with papillary carcinoma.
Robust Bayesian classification (2000)

This paper describes a method for learning robust Bayesian classification rules from incomplete data by producing interval-based classification. We provide two scoring methods to perform interval-based classification and a decision theoretic approach to choose the scoring method best suiting the problem at hand.
Geographical location based RFID tracking system (2008)

A large number of RFID system support location based service. This RFID Location System based on the general purposed geographic location code supports monitoring of the RFID tags in real time effectively. To identify the RFID tags, we allocate the general purposed geographic location code for each region. Throughout this system, the distribution and services related with RFID can easily manage the objects.
Mucosal Immunity: Its Role in Defense and Allergy (2002)

The interface between the organism and the outside world, which is the site of exchange of nutrients, export of products and waste components, must be selectively permeable and at the same time, it must constitute a barrier equipped with local defense mechanisms against environmental threats (e.g. invading pathogens). The boundaries with the environment (mucosal and skin surfaces) are therefore covered with special epithelial layers which support this barrier function. The immune system, associated with mucosal surfaces covering the largest area of the body (200-300 m(2)), evolved mechanisms discriminating between harmless antigens and commensal microorganisms and dangerous pathogens. The innate mucosal immune system, represented by epithelial and other mucosal cells and their products, is able to recognize the conserved pathogenic patterns on microbes by pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors, CD14 and others. As documented in experimental gnotobiotic models, highly protective colonization of mucosal surfaces by commensals has an important stimulatory effect on postnatal development of immune responses, metabolic processes (e.g. nutrition) and other host activities; these local and systemic immune responses are later replaced by inhibition, i.e. by induction of mucosal (oral) tolerance. Characteristic features of mucosal immunity distinguishing it from systemic immunity are: strongly developed mechanisms of innate defense, the existence of characteristic populations of unique types of lymphocytes, colonization of the mucosal and exocrine glands by cells originating from the mucosal organized tissues ('common mucosal system') and preferential induction of inhibition of the responses to nondangerous antigens (mucosal tolerance). Many chronic diseases, including allergy, may occur as a result of genetically based or environmentally induced changes in mechanisms regulating mucosal immunity and tolerance; this leads to impaired mucosal barrier function, disturbed exclusion and increased penetration of microbial, food or airborne antigens into the circulation and consequently to exaggerated and generalized immune responses to mucosally occurring antigens, allergens, superantigens and mitogens.
Improved diffusion‐weighted single‐shot echo‐planar imaging (EPI) in stroke using sensitivity encoding (SENSE) (2001)

Diffusion-weighted single-shot EPI (sshEPI) is one of the most important tools for the diagnostic assessment of stroke patients, but it suffers from well known artifacts. Therefore, sshEPI was combined with SENSitivity Encoding (SENSE) to further increase EPI's potential for stroke imaging. Eight healthy volunteers and a consecutive series of patients (N = 8) with suspected stroke were examined with diffusion-weighted SENSE-sshEPI using different reduction factors (1.0 < or = R < or = 3.0). Additionally, a high-resolution diffusion-weighted SENSE-sshEPI scan was included. All examinations were diagnostic and of better quality than conventional sshEPI. No ghostings or aliasing artifacts were discernible, and EPI-related image distortions were markedly diminished. Chemical shift artifacts and eddy current-induced image warping were still present, although to a markedly smaller extent. Measured direction-dependent diffusion-coefficients and isotropic diffusion values were comparable to previous findings but showed less fluctuation. We have demonstrated the technical feasibility and clinical applicability of diffusion-weighted SENSE-sshEPI in patients with subacute stroke. Because of the faster k-space traversal, this novel technique is able to reduce typical EPI artifacts and increase spatial resolution while simultaneously remaining insensitive to bulk motion.
Convenient, Reliable, Bias‐Free Dynamic Patterning of Multiple Types of Cells into Precisely Defined Micropatterns for Co‐Culture Study (2016)

Abstract We present a simple and flexible mechanical approach for 2D micropatterning of multiple cell lines without surface modification. The principle is that during initial attachment cells only stick to unoccupied areas; we create such areas to selectively seed a subsequent cell line by using a stamp to erase previously attached cells at designed areas. By repeating this process, multiple types of cells were patterned on a single substrate. This strategy minimizes the disturbance to cell health, which might be a concern in printing‐based patterning. Micropatterns of cells with resolution of ≈50 μm, and a co‐culture of three cell types were easily achieved and studied. This method was found universal to at least MSC, HeLa, HepG2 and NIH 3T3. We also measured the invasion and cell growth under the co‐culture of HeLa, MSC and HepG2. This method is useful for studying cell–cell interaction in high‐throughput, free of the potential bias caused by selective surface modification in some previous methods.
NEAR-SURFACE COMPLETIONS IMPROVE DEEPWATER ECONOMICS, PT 1 (1992)

First of a two-part presentation explaining the new modular riser system concept and its major features and advantages. Principal components are illustrated and described. The NSC (Near Surface Completion) system makes deepwater wells more accessible at 150 ft
Using Partial Differential Equations for Pricing of Goods and Services (2016)

This article is based on the methodology of comparative analysis, using an innovative approach for pricing of various goods and services. Benchmarking is the continuous search to find and adapt better pricing methods that leading to increased profits. We will consider the numerical solution of partial differential equations, based on Black-Scholes model for pricing of goods and services within European option. Also, we will present formulation and numerical behavior of explicit and implicit methods that can be use in pricing for company assets within European option.
Neural networks: a pattern recognition perspective (1996)

Introduction Neural networks have been exploited in a wide variety of applications, the majority of which are concerned with pattern recognition in one form or another. However, it has become widely acknowledged that the effective solution of all but the simplest of such problems requires a principled treatment, in other words one based on a sound theoretical framework. From the perspective of pattern recognition, neural networks can be regarded as an extension of the many conventional techniques which have been developed over several decades. Lack of understanding of the basic principles of statistical pattern recognition lies at the heart of many of the common mistakes in the application of neural networks. In this chapter we aim to show that the `black box&apos; stigma of neural networks is largely unjustified, and that there is actually considerable insight available into the way in which neural networks operate, and how to use them effectively. Some of the ke
CeBr/sub 3/ scintillators for gamma-ray spectroscopy (2005)

In this paper, we report on a new scintillator, cerium bromide (CeBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ), for gamma-ray spectroscopy. Crystals of this scintillator have been grown using Bridgman process. In CeBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> , Ce <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> is an intrinsic constituent as well as a luminescence center for the scintillation process, has high light output (~68,000 photons/MeV) and fast decay constant (~17 ns). Furthermore, it shows excellent energy resolution for gamma-ray detection. For example, energy resolution of <4% (FWHM) has been achieved using this scintillator for 662 keV photons ( <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">137</sup> Cs source) at room temperature. High timing resolution (>200 ps - FWHM) has been recorded with CeBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> -PMT (photomultiplier tubes) and BaF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -PMT detectors operating in coincidence using 511 keV positron annihilation gamma-ray pairs. Potential applications of this material are addressed
[The biochemical and immunological indices in the rehabilitation period of the victims of the accident on the Komsomolets atomic submarine]. (1991)

Biochemical and immunological indexes of peripheral blood were compiled in military sanatorium "Divnomorskoe" in seamen who have suffered from general supercooling in the result of "Komsomolets" atomic submarine breakdown. The patients had the symptoms of metabolic disturbance, immunodepression, a great concentration of proteins in acute phase and activity of MB-fraction of creatine phosphokinase. Immunodepression after the general supercooling was mainly conditioned by oppression of differentiation, metabolic changes and functional activity of T-lymphocytes. A course of immunocorrective therapy was employed using "thymogen"--synthetic peptide of thymus. In the process of rehabilitation there was a gradual functional recovery, normalization of metabolism and immunological indexes.
Selective extraction and elution of weak bases by in-line solid-phase extraction capillary electrophoresis using a pH step gradient and a weak cation-exchange monolith (2008)

A polymer monolith bearing weak cation-exchange functionality was prepared for the purpose of demonstrating pH-selective extraction and elution in in-line solid-phase extraction-capillary electrophoresis (SPE-CE) utilising a model set of cationic analytes, namely imidazole, lutidine and 3-phenylpropanamine. Optimization of the electrolyte conditions for efficient elution of the adsorbed analytes using a moving pH boundary required that the capillary and monolith be filled with 44 mM sodium acetate at high pH (pH 6) and a low pH electrolyte of 3 mM sodium acetate pH 3 was placed in the electrolyte vials. This combination allowed the adsorbed analytes to be simultaneously eluted and focused into narrow bands, with peak widths of the eluted analytes having a baseline width of 1.2 s immediately after the monolith. Using these optimum elution conditions, the versatility of the SPE-CE approach was demonstrated by removing unwanted adsorbed components after extraction with a wash at a different pH and also by selecting a pH at which only some of the model weak bases were ionised. The analytical performance of the approach was evaluated and the relative standard deviation for peak heights, peak area and migration times were in the ranges of 1.4-5.3, 1.2-3.3 and 0.4-1.2% respectively. Analytes exhibited linear calibrations with r(2) values ranging from 0.996 to 0.999 over two orders of magnitude. Analyte pre-concentration provided excellent sensitivity, and limits of detection for the analyte used in this study were in the range 8.0-30 ng ml(-1), which was an enhancement of 63 when compared to normal hydrodynamic injection occupying 1.3% of the capillary of these bases in water.