gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on the phenylalanine hydroxylase system in vivo. An in vivo assay based on the liberation of deuterium or tritium into the body water from ring-labeled L-phenylalanine. (1975)

The rate of release of deuterons into the body water from 2,3,4,5,6-pentadeutero-L-phenylalanine has been shown to be a valid measure of the activity of the phenylalanine hydroxylase system in vivo. At a dose of 0.5 g/kg, the rate of release of deuterons is linear for 60 to 90 min. Male rats, which had previously been shown to have 22 to 25% more phenylalanine hydroxylase activity in liver extracts than female rats, produced deuterons from deuterated phenylalanine at a rate 20 to 30% greater than female rats. p-Chlorophenylalanine, which irreversibly inhibits phenylalanine hydroxylase in vivo, caused a similar degree of inhibition of the rate of deuteron formation as was found when phenylalanine hydroxylase was measured in extracts from the same group of animals. Methotrexate, which inhibits the phenylalanine hydroxylase system by preventing regeneration of the tetrahydropteridine cofactor, caused parallel inhibition of the in vivo assay as well as when the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine was measured in liver slices. Randomly ring-tritiated phenylalanine can be used interchangeably with ring-deuterated phenylalanine if greater sensitivity is needed in the in vivo assay for phenylalanine hydroxylase. However, a dose of 20 to 30 muCi/kg is required. The in vivo deuterium release assay described in this paper should be useful in studying the physiological control of the phenylalanine hydroxylating system. It also may be of value in differentiating between individuals who are heterozygotes for phenylketonuria and those who are homozygotes for hyperphenylalaninemia.
Treatment of renal failure associated with multiple myeloma. Plasmapheresis, hemodialysis, and chemotherapy (1990)

• The aims of this study were to examine in a prospective, randomized trial the efficacy of plasmapheresis in preventing irreversible renal failure in patients with multiple myeloma and to study the renal biopsy tissues from such patients. Twenty-one patients with active myeloma and progressive renal failure were randomized to one of two groups: group 1, forced diuresis and chemotherapy (10 patients), and group 2, forced diuresis, chemotherapy, and plasmapheresis (11 patients). Plasmapheresis and chemotherapy lowered the serum myeloma protein value much more rapidly than chemotherapy alone. Of 5 patients who were oliguric and undergoing dialysis at presentation, only 3 who were treated by plasmapheresis recovered. Of 16 polyuric patients, 5 in group 1 and 7 in group 2 showed improvement in renal function. The main factor that determined irreversibility of renal failure was the severity of myeloma cast formation. (<i>Arch Intern Med.</i>1990;150:863-869
Fairness measures for resource allocation (2002)

In many optimization problems, one seeks to allocate a limited set of resources to a set of individuals with demands. Thus, such allocations can naturally be viewed as vectors, with one coordinate representing each individual. Motivated by work in network routing and bandwidth assignment, we consider the problem of producing solutions that simultaneously approximate all feasible allocations in a coordinate-wise sense. This is a very strong type of "global" approximation guarantee, and we explore its consequences in a range of discrete optimization problems, including facility location, scheduling, and bandwidth assignment in networks. A fundamental issue-one not encountered in the traditional design of approximation algorithms-is that good approximations in this global sense need not exist for every problem instance; there is no a priori reason why there should be an allocation that simultaneously approximates all others. As a result, the existential questions concerning such good allocations lead to a new perspective on a number of basic problems in resource allocation, and on the structure of their feasible solutions.
Addressing the Item Cold-start Problem by Attribute-driven Active Learning (2018)

In recommender systems, cold-start issues are situations where no previous events, e.g. ratings, are known for certain users or items. In this paper, we focus on the item cold-start problem. Both content information (e.g. item attributes) and initial user ratings are valuable for seizing users' preferences on a new item. However, previous methods for the item cold-start problem either 1) incorporate content information into collaborative filtering to perform hybrid recommendation, or 2) actively select users to rate the new item without considering content information and then do collaborative filtering. In this paper, we propose a novel recommendation scheme for the item cold-start problem by leverage both active learning and items' attribute information. Specifically, we design useful user selection criteria based on items' attributes and users' rating history, and combine the criteria in an optimization framework for selecting users. By exploiting the feedback ratings, users' previous ratings and items' attributes, we then generate accurate rating predictions for the other unselected users. Experimental results on two real-world datasets show the superiority of our proposed method over traditional methods.
Detecting Deception in Political Debates Using Acoustic and Textual Features (2019)

We present work on deception detection, where, given a spoken claim, we aim to predict its factuality. While previous work in the speech community has relied on recordings from staged setups where people were asked to tell the truth or to lie and their statements were recorded, here we use real-world political debates. Thanks to the efforts of fact-checking organizations, it is possible to obtain annotations for statements in the context of a political discourse as true, half-true, or false. Starting with such data from the CLEF-2018 CheckThat! Lab, which was limited to text, we performed alignment to the corresponding videos, thus producing a multimodal dataset. We further developed a multimodal deep-learning architecture for the task of deception detection, which yielded sizable improvements over the state of the art for the CLEF-2018 Lab task 2. Our experiments show that the use of the acoustic signal consistently helped to improve the performance compared to using textual and metadata features only, based on several different evaluation measures. We release the new dataset to the research community, hoping to help advance the overall field of multimodal deception detection.
18.4: Novel Gamma Correction Method Using an Advanced Capacitive Coupling Driving (2007)

Abstract We have developed a LCD panel for mobile‐use applications that adjusting each RGB gamma characteristics independently without increasing the scale of peripheral circuit. It has been realized by using the Capacitive Coupling driving method and optimizing the storage capacitances of R, G, and B subpixels independently.
Neuronal Adaptation Theory: Including 29 Exercises With Solutions, 43 Essential Ideas and 108 Partially Couloured Figures, Experiment Explanations, and General Theorems (1996)

Contents: Neuronal association patterns - Self-organizing networks - Supervised and self-organized adaptations - Advanced adaptations such as inconsistent stimulus learning - Schizophrenia model - Wittgenstein paradox model - Perception dynamics - Emergent valuation.
What is a Human? - Toward Psychological Benchmarks in the Field of Human-Robot Interaction (2006)

In this paper, we move toward offering psychological benchmarks by which to measure success in building increasingly human-like robots. By psychological benchmarks we mean categories of interaction that capture conceptually fundamental aspects of human life, specified abstractly enough so as to resist their identity as a mere psychological instrument, but capable of being translated into testable empirical propositions. Six possible benchmarks are considered: autonomy, imitation, intrinsic moral value, moral accountability, privacy, and reciprocity. Finally, we discuss how getting the right group of benchmarks in human-robot interaction will, in future years, help inform on the foundational question of what constitutes essential features of being human
AN IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF 3-PHENYL- AND 3-METHOXYQUINALDINE (1991)

(1991). AN IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF 3-PHENYL- AND 3-METHOXYQUINALDINE. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 386-387.
Phases of apoptosis of melanoma cells, but not of normal melanocytes, differently affect maturation of myeloid dendritic cells. (2001)

In this study, we investigated whether maturation of monocyte-derived myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) is differentially affected by the uptake of dying human melanoma cells in distinct phases of apoptosis. Maturation of monocyte-derived DCs, as documented by phenotype analysis and T-cell immunostimulatory activity, was inhibited by phagocytosis of dying melanoma cells containing a large fraction of cells in early apoptosis (Annexin-V+ and propidium iodide-) but promoted by the same tumors when in late apoptosis/secondary necrosis (Annexin-V+ and propidium iodide+) or when dying by primary necrosis. These opposite effects on DC maturation were observed after the uptake of early or late apoptotic cells from most vertical growth phase primary tumors and all metastases but not after the uptake of dying cells from a radial growth phase primary tumor or normal adult melanocytes. Inhibition of DC maturation by early apoptotic melanoma cells correlated with expression of interleukin-10 in neoplastic cells and was prevented by preincubating the tumor cells with a neutralizing antibody to interleukin-10 before tumor uptake by DCs. Cross-presentation of the melanoma-associated antigen gp100(209-217) to peptide-specific CTLs by HLA-A*0201+ DCs was achieved 48-72 h after phagocytosis of HLA-A*0201- melanoma cells in apoptosis, or primary necrosis, but only when tumor necrosis factor-alpha was added to DCs 4 h after the initiation of tumor phagocytosis. These results suggest that phases of apoptosis and neoplastic transformation affect maturation of myeloid DCs that take up dying cells of the melanocyte lineage. However, neoplastic cells in late apoptosis, or even in primary necrosis, induce only a partial DC differentiation not sufficient to achieve cross-presentation of tumor antigens to CTLs unless further DC maturation is promoted by additional signals. These results suggest a novel mechanism of tumor escape that may prevent the development of antitumor immunity through the maturation block induced in DCs by neoplastic cells in the early phase of apoptosis.
X-ray study with synchrotron radiation for P- and Sb-based skutterudite compounds at high pressures (2004)

Using synchrotron radiation, the x-ray diffraction of P- and Sb-based skutterudite compounds has systematically been studied at room temperature and high pressures. Bulk moduli of binary skutterudites CoX3 (X = P and Sb), filled skutterudites CeT4X12 (T = Fe, Ru and Os), LaRu4X12and PrRu4X12 are obtained from the volume versus pressure curves fitted by a Birch equation of state. Bulk moduli are 150–225 GPa for P-based skutterudites and 80–115 GPa for Sb-based skutterudites. The bulk modulus of the phosphides is about two times that of the corresponding antimonides. The antimonides are very compressible compared with the phosphides. The Grüneisen constants (γ) for skutterudite compounds are estimated from the compressibility and its volume derivative in the Debye approximation. The bulk modulus of CoX3 and CeT4X12 increases with increasing lattice constant, attaining a maximum for the Ru compounds. Bulk moduli for the Ru-based skutterudites are larger than those of the corresponding Fe and Os compounds. This may be closely related to the interesting physical properties in the Ru-based skutterudites. The bulk modulus of the binary skutterudites is smaller than that of the filled skutterudites. The cell volume for CeT4X12 (T = Fe, Ru and Os; X = P and Sb) decreases monotonically with increasing pressure. The valence state of Ce ion in these compounds does not change at high pressures.
The unprocessed C-terminal dipeptide of recombinant beta-nerve growth factor determines three stable forms with distinct biological activities. (1992)

The processing of polypeptide neurotrophins in the nervous system is poorly understood. In this paper, we provide information on the effects of C-terminal processing of nerve growth factor. Three forms of recombinant mouse beta-nerve growth factor (rNGF) were produced and isolated from insect cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus. The three purified forms of rNGF exhibited distinct biological activities and differed in their abilities to compete with high affinity binding of mouse beta-nerve growth factor (mNGF). However, they were chemically and structurally indistinguishable from each other. All three forms of rNGF differed from mature mNGF from mouse submaxillary gland in that the C-terminal Arg-Gly dipeptide had not been proteolytically removed. Removal of the C-terminal dipeptide by gamma-NGF peptidase treatment converted the three forms into a single form identical with mature mNGF. The above results demonstrate that a single polypeptide of rNGF, due to the presence of a C-terminal dipeptide, exhibits three stable dimeric protein conformations with distinct biological activities. The apparent lack of gamma-NGF peptidase in the nervous system raises the possibility that the biologically significant form of NGF may differ from mature mNGF; such a difference may be of physiological relevance.
A Review of Data Management in Internet of Things (2015)

Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged to provide convenience and better lifestyle for users. IoT incorporates many underlying technologies such as man-to-machine and machine-to-machine communication, networking, and sensors. One of the keys in the success of IoT is the data that flows underneath these technologies. This article discusses the challenges and issues in data management in the context of IoT. Different aspects of data in IoT including the sources of data, data gathering, data processing, and the transmission devices are identified and discussed. The challenges brought by the needs to manage vast quantities of heterogeneous data across heterogeneous systems are also discussed in terms of the logical and physical data management and communication network. The data models used in IoT along with the techniques for data control, cleaning, and indexing are discussed based on the characteristics of IoT data. Lastly, a discussion on the benefits and limitations related to data management in IoT is presented along with examples of real-world applications.
Tenacibaculosis induction in the Senegalese sole (<i>Solea senegalensis</i>) and studies of <i>Tenacibaculum maritimum</i> survival against host mucus and plasma (2016)

Tenacibaculum maritimum, the aetiological agent for marine tenacibaculosis, is one of the most significant pathogens that threaten Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis (Kaup), aquaculture. Because no immersion challenge with T. maritimum has been reported previously for this flatfish species, this study aimed to optimize bacterial yields as well as to establish a challenge model for tenacibaculosis induction. Several approaches were performed to optimize bacterial culture conditions, including treatment with non-ionic surfactants, detergents, cellulase hydrolysis and strong shaking. A prolonged bath challenge was performed for 24 h under two different temperatures, 16 and 23 °C. Moreover, mucus and plasma bactericidal activities against T. maritimum were also assessed. Culturing bacteria with strong shaking and continuous shaking provided suitable culture conditions to obtain higher bacterial yields without aggregation and fluctuation, contrary to most other treatments that showed a huge amount of bacterial aggregates. A prolonged bath method for 24 h, without skin or gill scarification, was considered suitable for disease induction with high mortality rates. Moreover, data regarding mucus and plasma bactericidal activities suggested that there is a lack of host innate immune response against T. maritimum or that this particular pathogen presents evading strategies against Senegalese sole.
Validation of a Prognostic Calculator for Prediction of Early Vesicoureteral Reflux Resolution in Children (2009)

The prognostic calculator was 80.5% accurate at predicting reflux resolution and was more accurate in younger children. This calculator can be widely applied for many patients with reflux.
Ultrasound particle sizing： A review (2013)

超声 spectrometry 是能在范围上缩放粒子的很少的方法之一 10 nm 到为光学地不透明的、未经冲淡的材料的 1 公里。它有在工业过程监视为使用使它成为一个严肃的竞争者的同轴的、非侵略的能力，与为 100% 检查的潜力。在水的系统，因为散布力量作为粒子直径的反的平方变化，它向上比到在 micrometre 范围的粒子是对 nanoparticles 敏感的更多，在集中的、混合系统为 nanoparticles 的察觉使它合适。对普遍实验室和工业使用合适的超声分光计的未来开发取决于遇见复杂数据解释和需要为的挑战可观知道怎么。在这评论，我们提供位于超声分光计下面的超声繁殖和散布理论的一个简短帐号，描述分光计的几种类型并且表明它在胶体的硅石，整个牛奶和蛋白质解决方案的描述的成功的使用。
The Isolation of the Urogastrones — Inhibitors of Gastric Acid Secretion — from Human Urine (1975)

It has been known for over thirty years that extracts of human urine could cause inhibition of gastric acid secretion. The active principle was called urogastrone and this has now been isolated using a series of twelve simple stages of partition, gel and ion-exchange chromatography. In fact two products were obtained, each in a yeild of less than 1 mg per 1 000 l urine, which represented an overall recovery of 3 - 5%. These materials were biologically indistinguishable, causing inhibition of gastric acid secretion in a variety of circumstances at doses of less than 1 mug/kg. The purified urogastrones were found to be acidic polypeptides composed of 53 and 52 amino acid residues with three internal disulphide bonds, and they differed by only one arginine residue. Neither threonine nor phenylalanine residues were present in the urogastrones.
14-3-3 Proteins Interact with a Hybrid Prenyl-Phosphorylation Motif to Inhibit G Proteins (2013)

Signaling through G proteins normally involves conformational switching between GTP- and GDP-bound states. Several Rho GTPases are also regulated by RhoGDI binding and sequestering in the cytosol. Rnd proteins are atypical constitutively GTP-bound Rho proteins, whose regulation remains elusive. Here, we report a high-affinity 14-3-3-binding site at the C terminus of Rnd3 consisting of both the Cys241-farnesyl moiety and a Rho-associated coiled coil containing protein kinase (ROCK)-dependent Ser240 phosphorylation site. 14-3-3 binding to Rnd3 also involves phosphorylation of Ser218 by ROCK and/or Ser210 by protein kinase C (PKC). The crystal structure of a phosphorylated, farnesylated Rnd3 peptide with 14-3-3 reveals a hydrophobic groove in 14-3-3 proteins accommodating the farnesyl moiety. Functionally, 14-3-3 inhibits Rnd3-induced cell rounding by translocating it from the plasma membrane to the cytosol. Rnd1, Rnd2, and geranylgeranylated Rap1A interact similarly with 14-3-3. In contrast to the canonical GTP/GDP switch that regulates most Ras superfamily members, our results reveal an unprecedented mechanism for G protein inhibition by 14-3-3 proteins.
Improving robustness in multiscale methods (2004)

An important constraint on our ability to simulate physical processes numerically is our ability to solve the resulting linear systems. Multiscale methods, such as multigrid, provide optimal or near-optimal order solution techniques for a wide range of problems. Current multigrid methods (both geometric and algebraic) rely on the use of effective coarse-scale operators to achieve this efficiency. Classical geometric multigrid methods construct these operators based on the geometry of a given problem and are, thus, most effective when this geometry is known and simple. Algebraic multigrid methods are free from most geometric constraints, instead relying on assumptions about the character of the matrix that limit the applicability of such methods to a relatively small class of problems. 
In this thesis, we first study the applicability of multigrid methods to the problem of flow through porous media, particularly motivated by the size of the linear systems resulting from discretization. For such problems, it is well known how to construct effective coarse-scale models for a correction-based multigrid method. For these robust multigrid solvers, we consider whether sufficient information is contained in the multigrid hierarchy to allow for efficient approximation of solutions of these linear systems. In particular, we examine important properties of the coarse-scale operators and the solutions to these coarse-scale equations and demonstrate their relevance to both the fine-scale and continuum-scale models. 
Additionally, we consider the question of improvements to multigrid algorithms in the form of adaptivity or self-correction. By utilizing the multigrid method itself to expose slow-to-converge components, we may adapt the multigrid hierarchy in order to improve performance, resulting in improved efficiency for a new class of problems. We present results for both the classical algebraic multigrid and smoothed aggregation frameworks illustrating typical multigrid efficiency with fewer assumptions on the given matrix systems. We consider theoretical issues of this adaptive procedure in the reduction-based algebraic multigrid setting.
Chronic Colitis in IL-10<sup>-/-</sup>Mice: Insufficient Counter Regulation of a Th1 Response (2000)

IL-10-deficient (IL-10-/-) mice, generated by a gene-targeted mutation, develop abnormal immune responses as a result of uncontrolled interactions between antigen presenting cells and lymphocytes. The studies reviewed herein have focused on the enterocolitis that spontaneously develops in IL-10-/- mice. Not unexpectedly, heightened production of proinflammatory mediators accompanied pathologic changes in the gastrointestinal tract of young mutants. In a series of studies, the proinflammatory mediators responsible for initiating the pathogenic response were distinguished from those that were elicited as a consequence of persistent inflammation. We have also investigated the possibility that different mediators are involved in the inductive versus the maintenance phase of disease. The findings of these mechanistic studies as they relate to our understanding of progressive inflammatory disease and the role of IL-10 in controlling the acute and chronic stages are discussed.
Engineering heavily doped silicon for broadband absorber in the terahertz regime (2012)

Highly efficient absorber is of particular importance in terahertz regime as naturally occurring materials with frequency-selective absorption in this frequency band is difficult to find. Here we present the design and characterization of a broadband terahertz absorber based on heavily Boron-doped silicon (0.7676 Ω cm) grating. It is numerically demonstrated by utilizing both the zero- and first order diffraction in the doped silicon wafer, relative absorption bandwidth larger than 100% can be achieved. Furthermore, the design can be easily extended to higher frequencies as the optical property of doped silicon is tunable through changing the doping concentration.