gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Skeletal Rearrangements in Reactions of Isodrin and Endrin (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSkeletal Rearrangements in Reactions of Isodrin and EndrinS. B. Soloway, A. M. Damiana, J. W. Sims, H. Bluestone, and R. E. LidovCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 20, 5377–5385Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01505a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01505a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views185Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PROTECTIVE INOCULATION WITH HEAT KILLED TUBERCLE BACILLI (1937)

Heat killed tubercle bacilli repeatedly injected into or below the skin of rabbits increase conspicuously their resistance against infection with virulent tubercle bacilli. Protection against tuberculous infection following the administration of heat killed tubercle bacilli to rabbits is only slightly less than that given by BCG. Addition of certain antigens, notably heated horse serum, increases the protection given by heat killed tubercle bacilli so that it is approximately the same as that afforded by BCG. These experiments and tentative observations of persons exposed to tuberculous infection indicate that heat killed tubercle bacilli may be substituted for the living attenuated microorganism in the attempt to increase resistance against tuberculous infection and to influence favorably the delicate balance between asymptomatic or latent infection and progressive manifest disease that is characteristic of human tuberculosis.
Hyperpolarized <sup>13</sup>C MR angiography using trueFISP (2003)

A (13)C-enriched water-soluble compound (bis-1,1-(hydroxymethyl)-1-(13)C-cyclopropane-D(8)), with a (13)C-concentration of approximately 200 mM, was hyperpolarized to approximately 15% using dynamic nuclear polarization, and then used as a contrast medium (CM) for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA). The long relaxation times (in vitro: T(1) approximately 82 s, T(2) approximately 18 s; in vivo: T(1) approximately 38 s, T(2) approximately 1.3 s) are ideal for steady-state free precession (SSFP) imaging with a true fast imaging and steady precession (trueFISP) pulse sequence. It was shown both theoretically and experimentally that the optimal flip angle was 180 degrees. CE-MRA was performed in four anesthetized live rats after intravenous injection of 3 ml CM. The angiograms covered the thoracic/abdominal region in two of the animals, and the head-neck region in the other two. Fifteen consecutive images were acquired in each experiment, with a flip-back pulse at the end of each image acquisition. In the angiograms, the vena cava (SNR approximately 240), aorta, renal arteries, carotid arteries (SNR approximately 75), jugular veins, and several other vessels were visible. The SNR in the cardiac region was 500. Magnetization was preserved from one image acquisition to the next using the flip-back technique (SNR(cardiac) approximately 10 in the 15th image).
Mechanically induced reactions in organic solids: liquid eutectics or solid-state processes? (2009)

The solvent-free reaction between o-vanillin and p-toluidine was investigated using NMR, DSC and XRD analyses. At room temperature, o-vanillin and p-toluidine react in a liquid eutectic formed upon grinding, while below 10 °C the same materials appear to react without the formation of a liquid phase, which most likely remains hidden behind solid reactants and reaction products.
Adaptive frame prediction for foveation scalable video coding (2001)

Embedded rate scalable video coding allows for the extraction of coded visual information at continuously varying bit rates from a single compressed bitstream. This is a very attractive feature for many multimedia communication applications. Motion estimation (ME) /motion compensation (MC) techniques are widely employed in various video coding systems to reduce temporal information redundancy. One of the major challenging problems in ME/MC based rate scalable video coding is how to generate the prediction frame from the previous frame to match the current frame. This problem is more difficult in rate scalable coding than in fixed rate coding because the decoding data rate is unavailable to the encoder. We propose an adaptive frame prediction scheme for foveation scalable video coding (FSVC), which is a new video coding algorithm that combines a foveation-based human visual system (HVS) model with a wavelet-based rate scalable coding algorithm. The new frame prediction algorithm provides an adaptive mechanism to control the prediction errors while reduce error propagation.
Fibre optics in board arrangements with respect to partial discharge (2007)

Monitoring systems for condition evaluation are essential tools in the modern operation of high voltage equipment. Several new developments of insulation diagnostic are currently under discussion. Fibre optic technique was mainly used in the past as a galvanic separated, EMI-resistant data transmission. Today new developments in the area of signal acquisition offer an interesting possibility for temperature or force measurement by using fibre optic cable. These indicators represent significant parameters for a condition evaluation of electrical insulations and equipment. A potential free measurement inside the housing of the equipment is possible. Special point of interest is the condition evaluation of transformers. For example the temperature monitoring of high voltage power transformer is the key factor for an optimal operation (load limit, thermal rating). Therefore it must be guaranteed that the installation of these special fibre optic cables causes no additional disturbance like partial discharge inside the insulation system. In the paper, basic investigations of the PD behaviour of a test arrangement with implementation of fibre optic cables will be presented. Different materials like transformer board or plastics under air or oil test setup will be examined with different types of fibre optical sensor. The aim of these investigations will be the evaluation of the usability of fibre optical cables inside high voltage insulation systems.
Identification of a potential protease‐coding gene in the genomes of bovine leukemia and human T‐cell leukemia viruses (1984)

The genomes of bovine leukemia and human T-cell leukemia viruses both contain an unidentified region between the gag and pol genes. These regions harbor an open reading frame that is in a different phase from the reading frames of the gag and pol genes. Based on the deduced amino acid sequences, we show here that they potentially encode a gag precursor-cleaving protease, which is known to be fused to the gag and pol products of avian and murine retroviruses, respectively. This finding raises the interesting question of the expression and evolution of retroviral genes.
One-pot highly efficient synthesis of substituted pyrroles and N-bridgehead pyrroles by zinc-catalyzed multicomponent reaction (2010)

A convenient zinc(II) chloride-catalyzed regioselective propargylation/amination/cycloisomerization process has been developed for the synthesis of substituted pyrrole derivatives from propargylic acetates, enoxysilanes and primary amines. Various aromatic and aliphatic propargylic acetates participate well in the reaction, providing the propargylation/amination/cycloisomerization products in good yields with complete regioselectivity. The one-pot multicomponent coupling reaction furnishes substituted pyrroles in high yields by circumventing the intermediates' isolation. Zinc(II) chloride acts as a multifunctional catalyst and catalyzes three mechanistically distinct processes in a single-pot. The protocol developed has been extended to the synthesis of N-bridgehead pyrroles containing polycyclic fragments.
Maintaining cohesive fleets via swarming with small-world communications (2009)

A car fleet is a group of cars that should travel close together at a common speed. Due to dynamic road conditions, traffic signals, road speed limits and other factors, a car fleet may suffer from frequent partition. This paper proposes a distributed cohesive car fleet maintenance scheme by employing a swarming model complemented by a small world phenomenon. Vehicles within a car fleet are classified into the roles of pseudo-leader and follower. Within each partition, cars form a cohesive swarm by coordinating their speed and position via short-distance V2V communications. To exchange information between partitions of a dispersed car fleet, pseudo-leaders communicate via long-distance V2I communications, which resemble the shortcuts of the small world phenomenon. Pseudo-leaders then determine their relative positions within the car fleet, and decide to speed up or slow down so as to achieve a cohesive swarming behavior of the entire car fleet. Merits of the distributed scheme are demonstrated through simulations.
Formation of Dinuclear Titanium and Zirconium Complexes by Olefin Metathesis—Catalytic Preparation of Organometallic Catalyst Systems (2003)

The titanium complex [(C(5)H(4)bond;allyl)TiCl(3)] (2) undergoes olefin metathesis coupling when treated with 3 mol % of [Cl(2)(L(1))(L(2))Ru=CHPh] (L(1)=L(2)=PCy(3), 4 a; L(1)=PCy(3), L(2)=(H(2)IMes), 4 b) to yield the dimetallic complex [Cl(3)Ti(C(5)H(4))-CH(2)CH=CHCH(2)-(C(5)H(4))TiCl(3)] (5). The allyl-substituted titanocene complex [Cp(C(5)H(4)bond;allyl)TiCl(2)] (3) analogously yields the dimetallic system 6 when treated with 4. The ansa-zirconocene complex [Me(2)Si(C(5)H(4))(C(5)H(3)bond;allyl)ZrCl(2)] (7) cleanly yields the analogous dimetallic coupling product 8 (>95 % isomerically pure), when treated with catalytic amounts of 4 b in toluene. Complex 8 gives an active homogeneous ethene or propene polymerization catalyst, especially at elevated temperatures, when treated with excess methylalumoxane.
Automatic Alt-text (2017)

We designed and deployed automatic alt-text (AAT), a system that applies computer vision technology to identify faces, objects, and themes from photos to generate photo alt-text for screen reader users on Facebook. We designed our system through iterations of prototyping and in-lab user studies. Our lab test participants had a positive reaction to our system and an enhanced experience with Facebook photos. We also evaluated our system through a two-week field study as part of the Facebook iOS app for 9K VoiceOver users. We randomly assigned them into control and test groups and collected two weeks of activity data and their survey feedback. The test group reported that photos on Facebook were easier to interpret and more engaging, and found Facebook more useful in general. Our system demonstrates that artificial intelligence can be used to enhance the experience for visually impaired users on social networking sites (SNSs), while also revealing the challenges with designing automated assistive technology in a SNS context.
Spatial channels for communicating with waves between volumes (1998)

I show that there is an exact, complete method for finding the orthogonal spatial channels, or communications modes, between two arbitrary volumes, and the associated connection strengths, for the case of scalar waves. I also show that the sum of the squared connection strengths is given exactly by a simple volume integral. The method is illustrated by a calculation for a particular extreme pair of volumes, and the communications modes are interpreted physically as the modes of a double phase-conjugate resonator.
Clinical review: Stem cell therapies for acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome - hope or hype? (2012)

A growing understanding of the complexity of the pathophysiology of acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), coupled with advances in stem cell biology, has led to a renewed interest in the therapeutic potential of stem cells for this devastating disease. Mesenchymal stem cells appear closest to clinical translation, given the evidence that they may favourably modulate the immune response to reduce lung injury, while maintaining host immune-competence and also facilitating lung regeneration and repair. The demonstration that human mesenchymal stem cells exert benefit in the endotoxin-injured human lung is particularly persuasive. Endothelial progenitor cells also demonstrate promise in reducing endothelial damage, which is a key pathophysiological feature of ALI. Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are at an earlier stage in the translational process, but offer the hope of directly replacing injured lung tissue. The lung itself also contains endogenous stem cells, which may ultimately offer the greatest hope for lung diseases, given their physiologic role in replacing and regenerating native lung tissues. However, significant deficits remain in our knowledge regarding the mechanisms of action of stem cells, their efficacy in relevant pre-clinical models, and their safety, particularly in critically ill patients. These gaps need to be addressed before the enormous therapeutic potential of stem cells for ALI/ARDS can be realised.
Elastohydrodynamic rebound of spheres from coated surfaces (2002)

Experiments were performed to measure the rebound velocities of small plastic and metal spheres dropped from various heights onto a smooth quartz surface coated with a thin layer of viscous fluid. The spheres stick without rebounding for low impact velocities, due to viscous dissipation in the thin fluid layer. Above a critical impact velocity, however, the lubrication forces in the thin layer cause elastic deformation and rebound of the spheres. The apparent coefficient of restitution increases with the ratio of the Stokes number to its critical value for rebound, where the Stokes number is a dimensionless ratio of the inertia of the sphere to viscous forces in the fluid. The critical Stokes number required for rebound decreases weakly with increasing values of a dimensionless elasticity parameter which is a ratio of the viscous forces which cause deformation to the elastic forces which resist deformation. The experimental results show good agreement with an approximate model based on lubrication theory for undeformed spheres and scaling relations for elastic deformation.
Structure-Property Relations in Amorphous and Crystallizable ABA Triblock Copolymers (1983)

Abstract The properties of the thermoplastic elastomers derived from ABA triblock copolymers depend largely on the nature of the A blocks, which form rigid, thermoplastic domains holding the elastic network together. These domains may be either amorphous or crystalline in nature, the former resulting from an inherent incompatibility between the A and B blocks, while the latter form by normal crystallization processes. It can be demonstrated convincingly that the formation of the amorphous (glassy) domains is enhanced by a higher degree of incompatibility between the A and B blocks and that the strength of the material depends on the degree of phase separation and on the integrity of the amorphous domains. However, the viscosity increases with increasing incompatibility between the two phases, presumably because the two-phase morphology persists even in the melt. On the other hand, the presence of crystallizable A blocks, which do not phase separate in the melt, leads to good flow properties. However, the strength of the material and other mechanical properties are strongly dependent on the molecular weight and crystallization of the A blocks.
A general strategy for developing cell-permeable photo-modulatable organic fluorescent probes for live-cell super-resolution imaging (2014)

Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) achieves super-resolution imaging beyond the diffraction limit but critically relies on the use of photo-modulatable fluorescent probes. Here we report a general strategy for constructing cell-permeable photo-modulatable organic fluorescent probes for live-cell SMLM by exploiting the remarkable cytosolic delivery ability of a cell-penetrating peptide (rR)3R2. We develop photo-modulatable organic fluorescent probes consisting of a (rR)3R2 peptide coupled to a cell-impermeable organic fluorophore and a recognition unit. Our results indicate that these organic probes are not only cell permeable but can also specifically and directly label endogenous targeted proteins. Using the probes, we obtain super-resolution images of lysosomes and endogenous F-actin under physiological conditions. We resolve the dynamics of F-actin with 10 s temporal resolution in live cells and discern fine F-actin structures with diameters of ~80 nm. These results open up new avenues in the design of fluorescent probes for live-cell super-resolution imaging.
Efficient Stream Provenance via Operator Instrumentation (2014)

Managing fine-grained provenance is a critical requirement for data stream management systems (DSMS), not only for addressing complex applications that require diagnostic capabilities and assurance, but also for providing advanced functionality, such as revision processing or query debugging. This article introduces a novel approach that uses operator instrumentation, that is, modifying the behavior of operators, to generate and propagate fine-grained provenance through several operators of a query network. In addition to applying this technique to compute provenance eagerly during query execution, we also study how to decouple provenance computation from query processing to reduce runtime overhead and avoid unnecessary provenance retrieval. Our proposals include computing a concise superset of the provenance (to allow lazily replaying a query and reconstruct its provenance) as well as lazy retrieval (to avoid unnecessary reconstruction of provenance). We develop stream-specific compression methods to reduce the computational and storage overhead of provenance generation and retrieval. Ariadne, our provenance-aware extension of the Borealis DSMS implements these techniques. Our experiments confirm that Ariadne manages provenance with minor overhead and clearly outperforms query rewrite, the current state of the art.
Deformation of femoral nails with intramedullary insertion (1998)

Current methods of distal interlocking of intramedullary femoral nails are dependent on image intensification. However, radiation exposure to the patient, the operating room staff, and the surgeon remains a concern. Proximally mounted, radiation-free aiming systems for distal interlocking of femoral nails have reportedly failed because of nail deformation with insertion. To better understand this deformation, a three-dimensional magnetic motion tracking system was used to determine the position of the distal interlocking hole following nail insertion. The amount and direction of deformation of commercially available small-diameter implants (unslotted 9-mm nails inserted without reaming) and large-diameter implants (slotted 13-mm nails inserted with reaming) from a single manufacturer were analyzed. Measurements of deformation (three translations and three angles), based on the center of the distal transverse locking hole, were performed on 10 paired intact human cadaveric femora before and after insertion. The technique produced the following results for the small and large-diameter nails, respectively: lateral translations of 18.1+/-10.0 mm (mean+/-SD, range: 47.8 mm) and 21.5+/-7.9 mm (range: 26.4 mm), dorsal translations of -3.1+/-4.3 mm (range: 15.2 mm) and 0.4+/-9.8 mm (range: 30.1 mm), and rotation about the longitudinal axes of -0.1+/-0.2 degrees (range: 0.7 degrees) and 10.0+/-3.1 degrees (range: 7.8 degrees). This technique is useful for measuring insertion-related femoral nail deformation. The data for the nails tested suggest that a simple aiming arm, mounted on the proximal end of the femoral nail alone, will not sufficiently provide accurate distal aiming.
Emerging Data on the Safety and Efficacy of Influenza Vaccines in Children (2008)

Conventional trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) has limited efficacy in young children, particularly those who are immunologically naive at the time of vaccination. Intranasally administered live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) offers several advantages over TIV. LAIV is more convenient to administer and has shown superior protective efficacy in children as compared with TIV. A pivotal multicenter efficacy trial in 6- to 59-month-old children revealed that the relative efficacy of LAIV versus TIV against culture-confirmed influenza-like illness was 55%. This study also showed increased wheezing in 1-2% of LAIV-treated infants <24 months of age with a history of wheezing/asthma between days 10 and 28 postvaccination. Infants 6-11 months of age had an increased rate of hospitalization overall (3.5% increase) and hospitalization due to respiratory cause (2% increase). LAIV should be considered, for reasons of efficacy, the preferred influenza vaccine for children. However, safety concerns will limit its use in children <24 months of age. An alternative method for improving efficacy of influenza vaccination might be the use of adjuvanted injectable vaccine. A pilot study with MF59 adjuvanted vaccine has shown it to offer superior immunogenicity over conventional TIV, and further studies are in progress.We are living through an active period of influenza vaccine development. The threat of an influenza pandemic has resulted in increased influenza research in general and promoted development of seasonal influenza vaccines for children. This article will focus mainly on the efficacy of live attenuated intranasal influenza vaccine as an option in young children.
A new Principle for a Self-Protecting Power Transistor Array Design (2006)

A new device level ESD protection solution for high-voltage NLDMOS power arrays is proposed and experimentally evaluated. Contrary to a conventional local clamp approach this new concept provides a self-protection capability within the array itself. The self-protecting capability of the NLDMOS array is achieved by embedding within some of the array fingers, a series of distributed diffusion regions that form an additional parasitic SCR structure with reversible snapback capabilities