gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Closterovirus Gene Expression Examined by Insertion of a Self-Processing Reporter and by Northern Hybridization (1999)

A reporter open reading frame (ORF) coding for a fusion of bacterial beta-glucuronidase (GUS) with a proteinase domain (Pro) derived from tobacco etch potyvirus was utilized for tagging individual genes of beet yellows closterovirus (BYV). Insertion of this reporter ORF between the first and second codons of the BYV ORFs encoding the HSP70 homolog (HSP70h), a major capsid protein (CP), and a 20-kDa protein (p20) resulted in the expression of the processed GUS-Pro reporter from corresponding subgenomic RNAs. The high sensitivity of GUS assays permitted temporal analysis of reporter accumulation, revealing early expression from the HSP70h promoter, followed by the CP promoter and later the p20 promoter. The kinetics of transcription of the remaining BYV genes encoding a 64-kDa protein (p64), a minor capsid protein (CPm), and a 21-kDa protein (p21) were examined via Northern blot analysis. Taken together, the data indicated that the temporal regulation of BYV gene expression includes early (HSP70h, CPm, CP, and p21 promoters) and late (p64 and p20 promoters) phases. It was also demonstrated that the deletion of six viral genes that are nonessential for RNA amplification resulted in a dramatic increase in the level of transcription from one of the two remaining subgenomic promoters. Comparison with other positive-strand RNA viruses producing multiple subgenomic RNAs showed the uniqueness of the pattern of closterovirus transcriptional regulation.
Standardized measurement of amniotic fluid volume by correlation of sonography with dye dilution technique. (1990)

Amniotic fluid volume was measured in two ways in 23 subjects admitted for interruption of pregnancy at gestational ages 16-24 weeks. The amniotic fluid volume calculated from sonographic measurements was plotted against the "true" amniotic fluid volume obtained by a dye dilution technique. Linear regression analysis showed a good correlation between the two methods (r = 0.815; P less than .001) and yielded a factor that may be used on a general basis to derive the true amniotic fluid volume from the value obtained by sonography. This approach thus offers a standardized procedure for amniotic fluid volume estimation in the second trimester based on the technical simplicity of ultrasonography with the relative accuracy of the dye dilution technique.
973. Lignans. Part II. Reduction of lactones of the podophyllotoxin group with lithium aluminium hydride (1962)

D. C. Ayres and P. J. S. Pauwels, J. Chem. Soc., 1962, 5025 DOI: 10.1039/JR9620005025
Purification of keratinase from Aspergillus flavus S125 (2017)

The aim of this study was to purify a keratinase produced by a newly isolated fungus Aspergillus flavus. The keratinase enzyme was purified by procedures including ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography. All these purification steps were performed at 4◦C. After each step keratinase activity and protein content were determined. Keywords: Ammonium sulfate, Aspergillus flavus, Feather, Keratin,
Five-year record of atmospheric precipitation chemistry in urban Beijing, China (2011)

Abstract. Precipitation samples on an event basis were collected from March 2001 through August 2005 at an urban location in Beijing. Ionic species in the samples were measured with ion chromatography to understand the long-term changes in the precipitation chemistry and their causes. Most precipitation samples had an intermediate pH (6.1–7.3) and 16% were acidic. As the major ions, SO42− plus NO3−, and NH4+ plus Ca2+ comprised more than 80% of anionic and cationic mass, respectively. Different from their more or less reductions of gaseous precursors, the counterintuitive features of much less than expected decrease in SO42− levels and unexpected increase in NO3− concentrations in the precipitations are likely due to the combination of enhanced conversion of gaseous precursors to acid compounds, and increased regional transport. The average ratio of neutralizing to acidifying potential (i.e. NP/AP) was as high as 1.2 but it exhibited a significant decline pattern, indicative of a long-term increasing trend in the acidifying potential of the wet depositions. This is mainly ascribed to reduced input of two major alkaline agents – NH4+ and Ca2+ – over increased input of a minor alkaline agent – Mg2+ – according to the magnitudes of their neutralization factors. The equivalent mass ratio of NO3− to nss-SO42− presented an evident increasing trend with a still low mean value of 0.37 ± 0.11. This indicates that the relative contribution of NO3− to the wet deposition acidity was strengthened in recent years while the precipitation acidity in Beijing was still overwhelmingly from sulfur but not nitrogen.
Immunotherapy and Immune Evasion in Prostate Cancer (2013)

Metastatic prostate cancer remains to this day a terminal disease. Prostatectomy and radiotherapy are effective for organ-confined diseases, but treatment for locally advanced and metastatic cancer remains challenging. Although advanced prostate cancers treated with androgen deprivation therapy achieves debulking of disease, responses are transient with subsequent development of castration-resistant and metastatic disease. Since prostate cancer is typically a slowly progressing disease, use of immune-based therapies offers an advantage to target advanced tumors and to induce antitumor immunity. This review will discuss the clinical merits of various vaccines and immunotherapies in castrate resistant prostate cancer and challenges to this evolving field of immune-based therapies.
Baseline Characteristics and Response to Treatment of Participants With Hemiretinal Compared With Branch Retinal or Central Retinal Vein Occlusion in the Standard Care vs COrticosteroid for REtinal Vein Occlusion (SCORE) Study (2012)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00105027.
Decorin Is a Zn2+ Metalloprotein (1999)

Decorin is ubiquitously distributed in the extracellular matrix of mammals and a member of the proteoglycan family characterized by a core protein dominated by leucine-rich repeat motifs. We show here that decorin extracted from bovine tissues under denaturing conditions or produced in recombinant "native" form by cultured mammalian cells has a high affinity for Zn2+ as demonstrated by equilibrium dialyses. The Zn2+-binding sites are localized to the N-terminal domain of the core protein that contains 4 Cys residues in a spacing reminiscent of a zinc finger. A recombinant 41-amino acid long peptide representing the N-terminal domain of decorin has full Zn2+ binding activity and binds two Zn2+ ions with an average KD of 3 x 10(-7) M. Binding of Zn2+ to this peptide results in a change in secondary structure as shown by circular dichroism spectroscopy. Biglycan, a proteoglycan that is structurally closely related to decorin contains a similar high affinity Zn2+-binding segment, whereas the structurally more distantly related proteoglycans, epiphycan and osteoglycin, do not bind Zn2+ with high affinity.
The Use of Gases in Flow Synthesis (2015)

This review will highlight the potential benefits that can be leveraged by using flow chemistry to allow a safer and more efficient way of using gases in research. An overview of the different approaches used to introduce gases into flow reactors is presented along with a synopsis of the different gaseous reactions classes already successfully translated into flow.
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers (2004)

The premier international forum for ground-breaking, provocative, and important new work in computer graphics and interactive techniques. SIGGRAPH 2004 papers set the standard in the field, stimulate future trends, and explore challenging issues in related fields: human-computer interaction, computer-aided design, computer vision, robotics, visualization, web graphics, and computer games, among others.
Playing with motherhood: The politics of leisure and the transition to motherhood in Montreal and Toronto (2016)

The paper applies feminist policy analysis to investigate the ways in which leisure is represented in the policy frameworks facing new mothers in Toronto and Montreal. We argue that despite considerable policy gains, the role of leisure as a mechanism of wellbeing has been neglected in social policy discussions. In particular, we demonstrate that leisure is represented in ways that discursively align with broader political goals, thus muting its potential to transform social relations. Jouer avec la maternite: Les enjeux politiques du loisir et la transition a la maternite a Montreal et a Toronto. Resume Cet article utilise une analyse feministe de politique sociale pour explorer les differentes facons par lesquelles le loisir est represente dans les structures des politiques auxquelles les nouvelles meres font face a Toronto et a Montreal. Nous proposons que malgre des gains majeurs en politiques, le role du loisir en tant que mecanisme de bien-etre demeure neglige dans les discussions de politiques sociales.  En particulier, nous demontrons que le loisir est represente de facon a s’aligner discursivement avec des buts politiques plus larges, ce qui a pour resultat de mettre en sourdine son potentiel pour transformer les relations sociales. Mots Clefs : maternite; analyse feministe de politique sociale; politique sociale; politiques du loisir
Identification by means of cDNA microarray analyses of gene expression modifications in squamous non-small cell lung cancers as compared to normal bronchial epithelial tissue (2005)

The present work analyzed the gene pattern profiles in 6 squamous non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) versus 4 normal lung epithelial tissues by means of cDNA microarrays. In addition to cDNA microarray analyses, quantitative RT-PCR and immunohisto-chemical analyses were used to validate some of the results obtained. Our data enabled 7 genes to be selected by looking at the genes which were detected as being expressed in all the tumors and not expressed in all the normal samples, or inversely. Additionally, 19 genes were detected as being overexpressed in the tumors when compared to the normal tissue specimens. Of these 26 genes, 16 are not yet suspected of influencing NSCLC biology. These genes are involved in cell proliferation (G2 cyclin), signal transduction (SMARCC2, TM4SF3), apoptosis (CFLAR/FLIP), cell cytoskeleton (cytokeratins-14 and 16, alpha-tubulin isoform 1 and S100A10), cell adhesion (JUP), invasion (cathepsins H and O) and other biological processes (OAZ1, IGHG3, SCYA5/RANTES, beta-sarcoglycan and transcobalamin I). In conclusion, we identified a number of genes as being differentially expressed in squamous NSCLCs as compared to normal lung epithelial tissue. Some of these genes (such as those involved in invasion) could be used as new prognostic markers and others, like CFLAR/FLIP, could even constitute new therapeutic targets.
Inferring developer expertise through defect analysis (2012)

Fixing defects is an essential software development activity. For commercial software vendors, the time to repair defects in deployed business-critical software products or applications is a key quality metric for sustained customer satisfaction. In this paper, we report on the analysis of about 1,500 defect records from an IBM middle-ware product collected over a five-year period. The analysis includes a characterization of each repaired defect by topic and a ranking of developers by inferred expertise on each topic. We find clear evidence that defect resolution time is strongly influenced by the specific developer and his/her expertise in the defect's topic. To validate our approach, we conducted interviews with the product's manager who provided us with his own ranking of developer expertise for comparison. We argue that our automated developer expertise ranking can be beneficial in the planning of a software project and is applicable beyond software support in the other phases of the software lifecycle.
Meta-omics in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research: Applications, Challenges, and Guidelines (2016)

Meta-omics [metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and metaproteomics] are rapidly expanding our knowledge of the gut microbiota in health and disease. These technologies are increasingly used in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] research. Yet, meta-omics data analysis, interpretation, and among-study comparison remain challenging. In this review we discuss the role these techniques are playing in IBD research, highlighting their strengths and limitations. We give guidelines on proper sample collection and preparation methods, and on performing the analyses and interpreting the results, reporting available user-friendly tools and pipelines.
Flavonoid intake and long-term risk of coronary heart disease and cancer in the seven countries study (1995)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To determine whether flavonoid intake explains differences in mortality rates from chronic diseases between populations. <h3>Design:</h3> Cross-cultural correlation study. <h3>Setting/Participants:</h3> Sixteen cohorts of the Seven Countries Study in whom flavonoid intake at baseline around 1960 was estimated by flavonoid analysis of equivalent food composites that represented the average diet in the cohorts. <h3>Main Outcome Measures:</h3> Mortality from coronary heart disease, cancer (various sites), and all causes in the 16 cohorts after 25 years of follow-up. <h3>Results:</h3> Average intake of antioxidant flavonoids was inversely associated with mortality from coronary heart disease and explained about 25% of the variance in coronary heart disease rates in the 16 cohorts. In multivariate analysis, intake of saturated fat (73%;<i>P</i>=.0001), flavonoid intake (8%;<i>P</i>=.01), and percentage of smokers per cohort (9%;<i>P</i>=.03) explained together, independent of intake of alcohol and antioxidant vitamins, 90% of the variance in coronary heart disease rates. Flavonoid intake was not independently associated with mortality from other causes. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Average flavonoid intake may partly contribute to differences in coronary heart disease mortality across populations, but it does not seem to be an important determinant of cancer mortality. (Arch Intern Med. 1995;155:381-386)
Bipartite Tetracysteine Display Reveals Allosteric Control of Ligand-Specific EGFR Activation (2012)

Aberrant activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a prototypic receptor tyrosine kinase, is critical to the biology of many common cancers. The molecular events that define how EGFR transmits an extracellular ligand binding event through the membrane are not understood. Here we use a chemical tool, bipartite tetracysteine display, to report on ligand-specific conformational changes that link ligand binding and kinase activation for full-length EGFR on the mammalian cell surface. We discover that EGF binding is communicated to the cytosol through formation of an antiparallel coiled coil within the intracellular juxtamembrane (JM) domain. This conformational transition is functionally coupled to receptor activation by EGF. In contrast, TGFα binding is communicated to the cytosol through formation of a discrete, alternative helical interface. These findings suggest that the JM region can differentially decode extracellular signals and transmit them to the cell interior. Our results provide new insight into how EGFR communicates ligand-specific information across the membrane.
Solvation and Evolution Dynamics of an Excess Electron in Supercritical<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>CO</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> (2012)

We present an ab initio molecular dynamics simulation of the dynamics of an excess electron solvated in supercritical CO2. The excess electron can exist in three types of states: CO2-core localized, dual-core localized, and diffuse states. All these states undergo continuous state conversions via a combination of long lasting breathing oscillations and core switching, as also characterized by highly cooperative oscillations of the excess electron volume and vertical detachment energy. All of these oscillations exhibit a strong correlation with the electron-impacted bending vibration of the core CO2, and the core-switching is controlled by thermal fluctuations.
First-Order-hold interpolation digital-to-analog converter with application to aircraft simulation (1976)

Those who design piloted aircraft simulations must contend with the finite size and speed of the available digital computer and the requirement for simulation reality. With a fixed computational plant, the more complex the model, the more computing cycle time is required. While increasing the cycle time may not degrade the fidelity of the simulated aircraft dynamics, the larger steps in the pilot cue feedback variables (such as the visual scene cues), may be disconcerting to the pilot. The first-order-hold interpolation (FOHI) digital-to-analog converter (DAC) is presented as a device which offers smooth output, regardless of cycle time. The Laplace transforms of these three conversion types are developed and their frequency response characteristics and output smoothness are compared. The FOHI DAC exhibits a pure one-cycle delay. Whenever the FOHI DAC input comes from a second-order (or higher) system, a simple computer software technique can be used to compensate for the DAC phase lag. When so compensated, the FOHI DAC has (1) an output signal that is very smooth, (2) a flat frequency response in frequency ranges of interest, and (3) no phase error. When the input comes from a first-order system, software compensation may cause the FOHI DAC to perform as an FOHE DAC, which, although its output is not as smooth as that of the FOHI DAC, has a smoother output than that of the ZOH DAC.
RESEARCH ARTICLE: Intravascular Thrombosis in Central Nervous System Malignancies: A Potential Role in Astrocytoma Progression to Glioblastoma (2008)

The presence of necrosis within a diffuse glioma is a powerful predictor of poor prognosis, yet little is known of its origins. Intravascular thrombosis is a frequent finding in glioblastoma [GBM; World Health Organization (WHO) grade IV] specimens and could potentially be involved in astrocytoma progression to GBM or represent a surrogate marker of GBM histology. We investigated whether intravascular thrombosis was more frequent or prominent in GBM than other central nervous system (CNS) malignancies and considered its prognostic significance in anaplastic astrocytoma (AA; WHO grade III), which lacks necrosis. Histologic sections were examined for thrombosis, necrosis and microvascular hyperplasia from each of 297 CNS tumors, including 103 GBMs, 46 AAs, 20 diffuse astrocytoma (DAs; WHO grade II), eight anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (AOs; WHO grade III), 20 oligodendrogliomas (ODs; WHO grade II), 49 metastatic carcinomas (METs), 31 primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs) and 20 medulloblastomas (MBs). Among newly diagnosed tumors, thrombosis was present in 92% of GBM resections, significantly greater than other types of CNS malignancies. Of tumors with thrombosis, GBMs had a higher frequency of affected vessels than AAs, DAs, AOs, ODs and MBs, but had a frequency similar to METs and PCNSLs. The sensitivity of thrombosis for the diagnosis of GBM in this set of tumors was 92% and the specificity was 91%. Intravascular thrombosis was uncommon in AAs and was only noted in stereotactic biopsies. This subset of patients had shorter survivals than those AAs without thrombosis. Thus, intravascular thrombosis is more frequent in GBM than other CNS malignancies. When present in AAs, it appears to indicate aggressive clinical behavior.
Satellite over satellite (SOS) network: a novel architecture for satellite network (2002)

Satellite systems have been proposed recently for broadband data and multimedia services. And many of them need a great number of satellites to provide broadband services with limited frequencies, and each satellite may have a number of direct intersatellite links (ISL) that are mutually visible satellites. But, in case when long-distance-dependent (LDD) traffic dominate, performance in terms of the overall network decrease, because of traffic transfer via many ISL on the routing path. To solve these problems, we propose a new topological design and routing protocol for broadband satellite communication networks. The former is called the satellite-over-satellite (SOS) network which has a multiple layered satellite constellation, and the latter is called the hierarchical QoS routing protocol (HQRP) supporting a simple routing protocol for LDD multimedia traffic. We also introduce the characteristics of SOS and HQRP by simulations of performance evaluations.
Dendrimer Templated Synthesis of One Nanometer Rh and Pt Particles Supported on Mesoporous Silica: Catalytic Activity for Ethylene and Pyrrole Hydrogenation (2008)

Monodisperse rhodium (Rh) and platinum (Pt) nanoparticles as small as approximately 1 nm were synthesized within a fourth generation polyaminoamide (PAMAM) dendrimer, a hyperbranched polymer, in aqueous solution and immobilized by depositing onto a high-surface-area SBA-15 mesoporous support. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that the as-synthesized Rh and Pt nanoparticles were mostly oxidized. Catalytic activity of the SBA-15 supported Rh and Pt nanoparticles was studied with ethylene hydrogenation at 273 and 293 K in 10 torr of ethylene and 100 torr of H 2 after reduction (76 torr of H 2 mixed with 690 torr of He) at different temperatures. Catalysts were active without removing the dendrimer capping but reached their highest activity after hydrogen reduction at a moderate temperature (423 K). When treated at a higher temperature (473, 573, and 673 K) in hydrogen, catalytic activity decreased. By using the same treatment that led to maximum ethylene hydrogenation activity, catalytic activity was also evaluated for pyrrole hydrogenation.
An analytical network for switched reluctance machines with highly saturated regions (2011)

In this paper an analytical network for flux linkage and flux density distribution of a switched reluctance machine (SRM) is developed based on the magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC). Due to the positional dependent reluctance in the air gap, all paths are separately modeled. Instead of using empirical equations, the effective air gap reluctance is analyzed from machine geometry. Due to high local saturation in the teeth, the machine is discretized into adjustable elements. In addition, the slot leakage and flux distribution in the end part are taken. Finally, the simulation is discussed and compared with PC-SRD and finite element method (FEM).
Moisture Sorption and Diffusion in Hercules 3501-6 Epoxy Resin. (1979)

The objective of this work was to obtain the moisture sorption equilibria of Hercules 3501-6 epoxy resin and its concentration dependent moisture diffusion coefficient. These data are necessary for predicting changes in aircraft strucctural composites properties where this resin is used as a matrix material. The data were obtained by sorption measurements with a Cahn electrobalance. It was found that the diffusion coefficient is strongly concentration-dependent at low moisture concentration, however, it is fairly flat at moisture concentrations corresponding to equilibrium concentration between 30 to 80 percent relative humidity. (Author)