gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Q factor three-dimensional inductors (2002)

In this paper, the great flexibility of three-dimensional (3-D) monolithic-microwave integrated-circuit technology is used to improve the performance of on-chip inductors. A novel topology for high-Q factor spiral inductor that can be implemented in a single or multilevel configuration is proposed. Several inductors were fabricated on either silicon substrate (/spl rho/ = 30 /spl Omega/ /spl middot/ cm) or semi-insulating gallium-arsenide substrate demonstrating, more particularly, for GaAs technology, the interest of the multilevel configuration. A 1.38-nH double-level 3-D inductor formed on an Si substrate exhibits a very high peak Q factor of 52.8 at 13.6 GHz and a self-resonant frequency as high as 24.7 GHz. Our 4.9-nH double-level GaAs 3-D inductor achieves a peak Q factor of 35.9 at 4.7 GHz and a self-resonant frequency of 8 GHz. For each technology, the performance limits of the proposed inductors in terms of quality factor are discussed. Guidelines for the optimum design of 3-D inductors are provided for Si and GaAs technologies.
Multi-Viewpoint Panorama Construction With Wide-Baseline Images (2016)

We present a novel image stitching approach, which can produce visually plausible panoramic images with input taken from different viewpoints. Unlike previous methods, our approach allows wide baselines between images and non-planar scene structures. Instead of 3D reconstruction, we design a mesh-based framework to optimize alignment and regularity in 2D. By solving a global objective function consisting of alignment and a set of prior constraints, we construct panoramic images, which are locally as perspective as possible and yet nearly orthogonal in the global view. We improve composition and achieve good performance on misaligned areas. Experimental results on challenging data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Policy segmentation for intelligent firewall testing (2005)

Firewall development and implementation are constantly being improved to accommodate higher security and performance standards. Using reliable yet practical techniques for testing new packet filtering algorithms and firewall design implementations from a functionality point of view becomes necessary to assure the required security. In this paper, an efficient paradigm for automated testing of firewalls with respect to their internal implementation and security policies is proposed. We propose a novel firewall testing technique using policy-based segmentation of the traffic address space, which can intelligently adapt the test traffic generation to target potential erroneous regions in the firewall input space. We also show that our automated approach of test case generation, analyzing firewall logs and creating testing reports not only makes the problem solvable but also offers a significantly higher degree of confidence than random testing.
A Low-Memory Address Translation Mechanism for Flash-Memory Storage Systems * (2011)

While flash-memory has been widely adopted for various embedded systems, the performance of address translation has become a critical issue for the design of flash trans-lation layers. The aim of this paper is to improve the performance of existing designs by proposing a caching mechanism for efficient address translation. A replacement strategy with low-time complexity and low-memory requirements is proposed to cache the most recently used logical addresses. According to the experiments, the proposed method has shown its efficiency in the reducing of the address translation time.
New ingenol-esters as piscicidal constituents of Euphorbia cotinifolia L. (1980)

New ingenol-esters were isolated from leaves of Euphorbia cotinifolia L, (Euphorbiaceae) as piscicidal constituents. On the basis of spectral properties, the structures were established as 3-O-propionyl-20-O-(S)-(2′-methyl)butyryl-ingenol (1), 20-O-isobutyryl-ingenol (2), 3-O-propionyl-20-O-isobutyryl-ingenol (3), and 3, 20-O-di-isobutyryl-ingenol (4).
The Design and Fabrication of Platform Device for Dna Amplification (2007)

Thermalcycler were extensively used machine for amplify DNA sample. One of the major problems in the working time was that it spent most of time for cooling and heating. In order to improve the efficient, this study presented a novel method for amplify DNA sample. For this concept, the DNA sample in the silicon chamber which was pushed by a beam through three temperature regions around a center and then the DNA segments could be amplified rapidly after 30 cycles. The polymerase chain reaction platform was composed of thin-film heaters, copper plates, DC powers, and temperature controllers. The photolithography and bulk etching technologies were utilized to construct the thin-film heater and DNA reaction chambers. Finally, 1 pound gL 100bp DNA segment of E. coli K12 was amplified successfully within 36 minutes on this PCR platform.
The structure of IL2 bound to the three chains of the IL2 receptor and how signaling occurs (2006)

The interleukin-2 molecule and receptor were the first of the interleukins to be discovered and characterized at the molecular level. Now after 20 years of effort, two groups have succeeded in determining the structure of IL2 bound to the external domains of the three receptor chains in a quaternary complex. What do we know now that we did not know before this structural information was available, and how do these new data help us to develop new therapies?
Control of <i>GL2</i> expression in <i>Arabidopsis</i> leaves and trichomes (1998)

ABSTRACT More than twenty genes are required for the correct initiation, spacing, and morphogenesis of trichomes in Arabidopsis. The initial selection of trichome precursors requires the activity of both the GLABROUS1 (GL1) and TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABROUS (TTG) genes. The GLABRA2 (GL2) gene is required for subsequent phases of trichome morphogenesis such as cell expansion, branching, and maturation of the trichome cell wall. Previous studies have shown that GL2 is a member of the homeodomain class of transcription factors. Here we report a detailed analysis of GL2 expression in the shoot using anti-GL2 antibodies and the GUS reporter gene fused to the GL2 promoter. The GL2 expression profile in the shoot is complex, and involves spatial and temporal variation in developing leaves and trichomes. Two separate promoter domains that are expressed in trichomes were identified. GL2, like GL1, is expressed in developing trichomes and in cells surrounding trichomes during early stages of trichome development. Unlike GL1, GL2 expression persists in mature trichomes. It was found that while GL1 and TTG were not required for the initiation of GL2 expression in the non-trichome cells, the presence of a functional GL1 or TTG gene was able to increase GL2 expression in these cells compared to ttg gl1 plants. The hypothesis that GL1 regulates aspects of GL2 expression is consistent with epistatic analysis of gl1 and gl2 and the expression patterns of GL1 and GL2. In support of this hypothesis, it was found that ectopic expression of GL1 in the presence of ectopic expression of the maize R gene, which can bypass the requirement for TTG, can ectopically activate GL2 transcription.
Prevention of Thermally Induced Aggregation of IgG Antibodies by Noncovalent Interaction with Poly(acrylate) Derivatives (2014)

Prevention of thermal aggregation of antibodies in aqueous solutions was achieved by noncovalent association with hydrophobically modified poly(acrylate) copolymers. Using a polyclonal immunoglobin G (IgG) as a model system for antibodies, we have studied the mechanisms by which this multidomain protein interacts with polyanions when incubated at physiological pH and at temperatures below and above the protein unfolding/denaturation temperature, in salt-free solutions and in 0.1 M NaCl solutions. The polyanions selected were sodium poly(acrylates), random copolymers of sodium acrylate and N-n-octadecylacrylamide (3 mol %), and a random copolymer of sodium acrylate, N-n-octylacrylamide (25 mol %), and N-isopropylacrylamide (40 mol %). They were derived from two poly(acrylic acid) parent chains of Mw 5000 and 150000 g·mol(-1). The IgG/polyanion interactions were monitored by static and dynamic light scattering, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, capillary zone electrophoresis, and high sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry. In salt-free solutions, the hydrophilic PAA chains form complexes with IgG upon thermal unfolding of the protein (1:1 w/w IgG/PAA), but they do not interact with native IgG. The complexes exhibit a remarkable protective effect against IgG aggregation and maintain low aggregation numbers (average degree of oligomerization <12 at a temperature up to 85 °C). These interactions are screened in 0.1 M NaCl and, consequently, PAAs lose their protective effect. Amphiphilic PAA derivatives (1:1 w/w IgG/polymer) are able to prevent thermal aggregation (preserving IgG monomers) or retard aggregation of IgG (formation of oligomers and slow growth), revealing the importance of both hydrophobic interactions and modulation of the Coulomb interactions with or without NaCl present. This study leads the way toward the design of new formulations of therapeutic proteins using noncovalent 1:1 polymer/protein association that are transient and require a markedly lower additive concentration compared to conventional osmolyte protecting agents. They do not modify IgG permanently, which is an asset for applications in therapeutic protein formulations since the in vivo efficacy of the protein should not be affected.
Fendiline-evoked [Ca2+]i rises and non-Ca2+-triggered cell death in human oral cancer cells (2009)

The effect of fendiline on cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentrations ([Ca(2+)](i)) and proliferation has not been explored in human oral cancer cells. This study examined whether fendiline altered Ca(2+) levels and caused cell death in OC2 human oral cancer cells. [Ca(2+)](i) and cell viability were measured using the fluorescent dyes fura-2 and WST-1, respectively. Fendiline at concentrations above 10 microM increased [Ca(2+)](i) in a concentration-dependent manner. The Ca(2+) signal was reduced partly by removing extracellular Ca(2+). The fendiline-induced Ca(2+) influx was sensitive to blockade of L-type Ca(2+) channel blockers. In Ca(2+)-free medium, after pretreatment with 50 microM fendiline, 1 microM thapsigargin (an endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) pump inhibitor)-induced [Ca(2+)](i) rises were inhibited; and conversely, thapsigargin pretreatment nearly abolished fendiline-induced [Ca(2+)](i) rises. Inhibition of phospholipase C with 2 microM U73122 did not change fendiline-induced [Ca(2+)](i) rises. At concentrations between 5 and 25 microM, fendiline killed cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The cytotoxic effect of 15 microM fendiline was not reversed by prechelating cytosolic Ca(2+) with BAPTA/AM. Collectively, in OC2 cells, fendiline induced [Ca(2+)](i) rises by causing Ca(2+) release from the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca(2+) influx from L-type Ca(2+) channels. Furthermore, fendiline-caused cytotoxicity was not via a preceding [Ca(2+)](i) rise.
Original Real-Time Observations of Aeolian Vibrations on Power-Line Conductors (2011)

Measurements of overhead conductor vibration, caused by Von Karman vortex shedding, were carried out with a new experimental device, developed by the authors, capable of continuous monitoring of acceleration over a wide range of frequency and amplitude. Continuous real-time observations showed the important influence of wind direction and turbulence as well as some divergence in predictions of the Strouhal equation.
Stall transients of axial compression systems with inlet distortion (1986)

A previously derived system of differential equations, based on fluid mechanics, is extended to provide a theory to predict how rotating stall or surge will develop in an axial compression system under combined influences of inlet distortion and throttle ramping. Results are relevant to the problem of stagnation stall of gas turbines. It is found that stall margin is improved by large aerodynamic lag in the compressor. Both stall and recovery transients are considered. A distinction between axisymmetric and in-rotating-stall compressor performance characteristics leads to a concept of rotating-stall stability that explains the appearance of classic stall at low stage loading and the hysteresis associated with rotating stall. The influences of various system parameters are systematically explored, and the large B parameter, tall compressor characteristic diagram, and rapid throttle closure are all found to favor surge, while large distortion and small shut-off head relative to peak pressure rise both favor rotating stall. When surge occurs, rotating stall is usually also present.
Cathodic protection of aboveground storage tank bottoms (1994)

Cathodic protection (CP) is a proven technology for controlling corrosion on the bottoms of aboveground storage tanks. Various options for CP of the external surfaces of tank bottoms that are in contact with sand pads or native soil are discussed. Advanced application techniques are described for existing tanks, new construction with secondary containment, and double-bottom tanks.
Graphene Shape Control by Multistage Cutting and Transfer (2009)

Cutting graphene by a catalytic hydrogenation process can generate graphene pieces with smooth edges of atomic precision and well-defined shapes. Controlled cutting of graphene by creating graphene step edges by oxidation or plasma etching is demonstrated. A combination of cutting, transfer, and lithography is shown to allow the fabrication of isolated graphene devices with specific edge and shape control. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
ACTRIIA-Fc rebalances activin/GDF versus BMP signaling in pulmonary hypertension (2020)

Human genetics, biomarker, and animal studies implicate loss of function in bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and maladaptive transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling as drivers of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Although sharing common receptors and effectors with BMP/TGFβ, the function of activin and growth and differentiation factor (GDF) ligands in PAH are less well defined. Increased expression of GDF8, GDF11, and activin A was detected in lung lesions from humans with PAH and experimental rodent models of pulmonary hypertension (PH). ACTRIIA-Fc, a potent GDF8/11 and activin ligand trap, was used to test the roles of these ligands in animal and cellular models of PH. By blocking GDF8/11- and activin-mediated SMAD2/3 activation in vascular cells, ACTRIIA-Fc attenuated proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells and pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. In several experimental models of PH, prophylactic administration of ACTRIIA-Fc markedly improved hemodynamics, right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy, RV function, and arteriolar remodeling. When administered after the establishment of hemodynamically severe PH in a vasculoproliferative model, ACTRIIA-Fc was more effective than vasodilator in attenuating PH and arteriolar remodeling. Potent antiremodeling effects of ACTRIIA-Fc were associated with inhibition of SMAD2/3 activation and downstream transcriptional activity, inhibition of proliferation, and enhancement of apoptosis in the vascular wall. ACTRIIA-Fc reveals an unexpectedly prominent role of GDF8, GDF11, and activin as drivers of pulmonary vascular disease and represents a therapeutic strategy for restoring the balance between SMAD1/5/9 and SMAD2/3 signaling in PAH.
A fast handoff scheme for wireless networks (1999)

In this paper, we propose a fast and efficient handoff scheme to handle the movements of mobile nodes among small wireless cells at the fringes of the Internet. Our scheme adopts a hierarchical mobility management architecture to restrict the handoff processing overheads within the vicinity of the mobile node, and uses multicast as the packet forwarding mechanism to deliver packets to multiple base stations within the vicinity of the mobile node to achieve fast handoff performance. Our scheme is based on the Internet Protocol (IP) and is compatible with Mobile IP and its route optimization option. We also present simulation results for our simulation using the Network Simulator (ns2). The simulations show that our handoff scheme is fast enough to meet the requirements of an interactive voice communication session. The first packet from the new base station arrives at the mobile node within 10 ms after the mobile node initiates a hand- off. Hence our scheme is suitable for roaming mobile nodes which may encounter numerous handoffs while they are in the midst of an interactive voice communication session such as Internet telephony.
Real-time simulation of videophone image coding algorithms on reconfigurable multicomputers (1992)

The simulation at bit stream level of motion video image coding algorithms provides an effective means of algorithm development and evaluation. This paper describes the problems encountered in using a large reconfigurable transputer-based multicomputer to simulate, in real-time, realistically complex videophone image coding algorithms. A primary aim was to enable the output of all stages of the algorithm to be displayed graphically. This led to further communications bandwidth requirements which demanded that unusual processor network topologies were experimented with. For the large numbers of transputers used, it was found that irregular topologies provide better performance than previously popular regular ones.
RanGAP1*SUMO1 is phosphorylated at the onset of mitosis and remains associated with RanBP2 upon NPC disassembly (2004)

The RanGTPase activating protein RanGAP1 has essential functions in both nucleocytoplasmic transport and mitosis. In interphase, a significant fraction of vertebrate SUMO1-modified RanGAP1 forms a stable complex with the nucleoporin RanBP2/Nup358 at nuclear pore complexes. RanBP2 not only acts in the RanGTPase cycle but also is a SUMO1 E3 ligase. Here, we show that RanGAP1 is phosphorylated on residues T409, S428, and S442. Phosphorylation occurs before nuclear envelope breakdown and is maintained throughout mitosis. Nocodazole arrest leads to quantitative phosphorylation. The M-phase kinase cyclin B/Cdk1 phosphorylates RanGAP1 efficiently in vitro, and T409 phosphorylation correlates with nuclear accumulation of cyclin B1 in vivo. We find that phosphorylated RanGAP1 remains associated with RanBP2/Nup358 and the SUMO E2-conjugating enzyme Ubc9 in mitosis, hence mitotic phosphorylation may have functional consequences for the RanGTPase cycle and/or for RanBP2-dependent sumoylation.
Current-assisted thermally activated flux liberation in ultrathin nanopatterned NbN superconducting meander structures (2010)

We present results from an extensive study of fluctuation phenomena in superconducting nanowires made from sputtered NbN. Nanoscale wires were fabricated in form of a meander and operated at a constant temperature $T\ensuremath{\approx}0.4{T}_{\text{c}}(0)$. The superconducting state is driven close to the electronic phase transition by a high bias current near the critical one. Fluctuations of sufficient strength temporarily drive a section of the meander structure into the normal-conducting state, which can be registered as a voltage pulse of nanosecond duration. We considered three different models (vortex-antivortex pairs, vortex edge barriers, and phase-slip centers) to explain the experimental data. Only thermally excited vortices, either via unbinding of vortex-antivortex pairs or vortices overcoming the edge barrier, lead to a satisfactory and consistent description for all measurements.
New preparation of [<sup>123</sup>I]PE2I: investigation of the oxidation and purification steps (2002)

Abstract In order to simplify preparation of [ 123 I]PE2I, iodogen and hydrogen peroxide were examined as oxidants for the preparation of radioiodinated PE2I, e.g. ( E )‐ N ‐(3‐iodoprop‐2‐enyl)‐2 β ‐carbomethoxy‐3 β ‐(4′‐tolyl) nortropane). Among the oxidizing compounds assayed, iodogen appears to afford the best results for this purpose (high radiochemical yield, high chemical purity and a reasonable reaction time). A simplified and efficient method is described here for the preparation of [ 123 I]PE2I based on the exchange of a 123 I tributyl tin analogue in oxidative conditions followed by purification by solid phase extraction (SPE). Using this method, [ 123 I]PE2I was obtained with a radio‐pharmaceutical yield over 60%, with chemical and radiochemical purities higher than 95% without the addition of a carrier (Na 127 I) (2G Bq/nmol) or with a specific activity adjusted to 85–90 MBq/nmol in the presence of the carrier. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nipple Reconstruction (1988)

A one-stage procedure to reconstruct the nipple-areola complex is presented, with special attention given to nipple volume and projection using local dermis-fat flaps. The preliminary results have been very encouraging.
Transient blood–brain barrier disruption is induced by low pulsed electrical fields in vitro: an analysis of permeability and trans-endothelial electric resistivity (2019)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is limiting transcellular and paracellular movement of molecules and cells, controls molecular traffic, and keeps out toxins. However, this protective function is the major hurdle for treating brain diseases such as brain tumors, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, etc. It was previously demonstrated that high pulsed electrical fields (PEFs) can disrupt the BBB by inducing electroporation (EP) which increases the permeability of the transcellular route. Our goal was to study the effects of low PEFs, well below the threshold of EP on the integrity and function of the BBB. Ten low voltage pulses (5-100 V) were applied to a human in vitro BBB model. Changes in permeability to small molecules (NaF) were studied as well as changes in impedance spectrum and trans-endothelial electric resistivity. Viability and EP were evaluated by Presto-Blue and endogenous Lactate dehydrogenase release assays. The effect on tight junction and adherent junction protein was also studied. The results of low voltage experiments were compared to high voltage experiments (200-1400 V). A significant increase in permeability was found at voltages as low as 10 V despite EP only occurring from 100 V. The changes in permeability as a function of applied voltage were fitted to an inverse-exponential function, suggesting a plateau effect. Staining of VE-cadherin showed specific changes in protein expression. The results indicate that low PEFs can transiently disrupt the BBB by affecting the paracellular route, although the mechanism remains unclear.