gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Continuous-time random-walk model of electron transport in nanocrystalline<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">TiO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>electrodes (1999)

Electronic junctions made from porous, nanocrystalline ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$ films in contact with an electrolyte are important for applications such as dye-sensitized solar cells. They exhibit anomalous electron transport properties: extremely slow, nonexponential current and charge recombination transients, and intensity-dependent response times. These features are attributed to a high density of intraband-gap trap states. Most available models of the electron transport are based on the diffusion equation and predict transient and intensity-dependent behavior which is not observed. In this paper, a preliminary model of dispersive transport based on the continuous-time random walk is applied to nanocrystalline ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$ electrodes. Electrons perform a random walk on a lattice of trap states, each electron moving after a waiting time which is determined by the activation energy of the trap currently occupied. An exponential density of trap states $g(E)\ensuremath{\sim}{e}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}{(E}_{C}\ensuremath{-}E)/kT}$ is used giving rise to a power-law waiting-time distribution, $\ensuremath{\psi}{(t)=At}^{\ensuremath{-}1\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}}.$ Occupancy of traps is limited to simulate trap filling. The model predicts photocurrents that vary like ${t}^{\ensuremath{-}1\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ at long time, and charge recombination transients that are approximately stretched exponential in form. Monte Carlo simulations of photocurrent and charge recombination transients reproduce many of the features that have been observed in practice. Using $\ensuremath{\alpha}=0.37,$ good quantitative agreement is obtained with measurements of charge recombination kinetics in dye-sensitized ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$ electrodes under applied bias. The intensity dependence of photocurrent transients can be reproduced. It is also shown that normal diffusive transport, which is represented by $\ensuremath{\psi}(t)=\ensuremath{\lambda}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\lambda}t}$ fails to explain the observed kinetic behavior. The model is proposed as a starting point for a more refined microscopic treatment in which an experimentally determined density of states can be easily incorporated.
Correction of poor platelet transfusion responses with leukocyte-poor HL-A-matched platelet concentrates (1975)

Matching donor-recipient pairs for HL-A antigens provides a logical starting point for selecting donors for recipients with extensive prior transfusion histories. However, during the course of continued exposure to even HL-A-matched platelet concentrates, further sensitization occurs, as indicated by progressively poorer post-transfusion increments and transfusion reactions. There is evidence that such sensitization may be due to non-HL-A antigens. Finally, it is postulated that the poor post-transfusion platelet increments obtained when standard platelet concentrates are used result from the leukoagglutinin antigen-antibody reaction involving the platelet as an "innocent bystander." The standard platelet concentrate can be purified by a simple method of centrifugation (178 g times 3 min), removing about 96% of the contaminating white blood cells with concomitant loss of about 21% of the platelets. The use of these leukocyte-poor platelet concentrates can restore compatible transfusion increments in highly alloimmunized thrombocytopenic recipients. The luekocyte-poor concentrates can diminish undesirable transfusion reactions following imcompatible platelet transfusions.
Bifidobacterium faecale sp. nov., isolated from human faeces (2014)

A novel strain, designated strain CU3-7(T), was isolated from faeces of a two-week-old baby. The isolate was Gram-staining-positive, anaerobic and rod-shaped. Results from 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain CU3-7(T) was phylogenetically affiliated with members of the genus Bifidobacterium. Strain CU3-7(T) showed the highest level of sequence similarity with Bifidobacterium adolescentis KCTC 3216(T) (98.4 %), followed by Bifidobacterium ruminantium KCTC 3425(T) (97.9 %). Analysis of hsp60 sequences showed that strain CU3-7(T) was closely related to B. adolescentis KCTC 3216(T) (94.0 %) and B. ruminantium KCTC 3425(T) (92.5 %). The DNA-DNA hybridization values with the closely related strains were all below the cut-off value for species delineation, 17.0 % with B. ruminantium KCTC 3425(T) and 14.9 % with B. adolescentis KCTC 3216(T). Fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase activity was detected. The predominant cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0 (27.7 %), C18 : 1ω9c (27.4 %) and C18 : 1ω9c dimethylacetate (15.5 %). The DNA G+C content was 58.6 mol%. On the basis of polyphasic taxonomy, strain CU3-7(T) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species within the genus Bifidobacterium, for which the name Bifidobacterium faecale sp. nov. is proposed ( = KACC 17904(T) = JCM 19861(T)).
Effect of gas mixing on H− production in a multicusp source (1985)

The effect of gas mixing on volume H− production in a magnetically filtered multicusp source has been investigated. By applying the proper bias voltage on the plasma electrode, the addition of xenon or argon gases to a hydrogen discharge can enhance the H− yield. This increase in H− output is closely related to the increase in plasma electron density in the filter and extraction chamber regions.
The influence of nanocrystalline microstructure on the magnetic properties of a wire shaped ferromagnetic alloy (1993)

The magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Fe/sub 73.5/Cu/sub 1/Nb/sub 3/Si/sub 13.5/B/sub 9/ alloy wire are reported. The evolution of the structure and of the magnetic properties of the wire is studied as a function of annealing temperature, T/sub ann/. In the as-cast glassy state, the wires show typical bistable magnetic behavior while, after devitrification to a nanocrystalline structure based on alpha -FeSi grains of mean diameter approximately 10 nm (T/sub ann/=550 degrees C), the coercivity and magnetostriction decrease substantially and bistability is lost. The bistability could be recovered on application of a torsional stress. Treatment at T/sub ann/>600 degrees C leads to grain growth and eventually to precipitation of ultrafine boride, resulting in drastic magnetic hardening.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fast mode decision algorithm for spatial and SNR scalable video coding (2009)

Scalable video coding (SVC) has found more and more applications in a variety of the adaptive network streaming and the terminal. In the current SVC, an exhaustive search technique is employed to select the best coding mode for each macro block. This technique achieves the optimal trade-off between the bit-rate and distortion, but it results in extremely large encoding time which obstructs it from practical use. In this paper, we propose a fast mode decision algorithm for inter frame coding for spatial and coarse grain signal to noise ratio (SNR) scalability. In the proposed method, we predict the enhancement layer mode using both collocated macro block and its neighboring block mode in the base layer. The proposed method can achieve the time saving up to 78 percent in spatial scalability and 35 percent in coarse grain quality scalability (CGS) with the negligible loss of quality and increment in bit rate.
Isolation of ethylbenzene from an Oklahoma petroleum (1933)

Ethylbenzene having a purity of about 95 mole percent has been isolated from an Oklahoma petroleum. The density, refractive index, boiling point, and behavior on freezing of this sample have been determined and compared with the same properties of a very pure sample of synthetic ethylbenzene. A photograph of the infrared absorption spectrum of the ethylbenzene from petroleum has also been obtained. It is found that ethylbenzene constitutes about 0.03 of 1 percent of the crude petroleum.
Alternative Splicing and Differential Expression of Two Transcripts of Nicotine Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidase B Gene from <i>Zea mays</i> (2009)

With the exception of rice, little is known about the existence of respiratory burst oxidase homolog (rboh) gene in cereals. The present study reports the cloning and analysis of a novel rboh gene, termed ZmrbohB, from maize (Zea mays L.). The full-length cDNA of ZmrbohB encodes a 942 amino acid protein containing all of the respiratory burst oxidase homolog catalytically critical motifs. Alternative splicing of ZmrbohB has generated two transcript isoforms, ZmrbohB-alpha and -beta. Spliced transcript ZmrbohB-beta retains an unspliced intron 11 that carries a premature termination codon and probably leads to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Expression analysis showed that two splice isoforms were differentially expressed in various tissues and at different developmental stages, and the major product was ZmrbohB-alpha. The transcripts of ZmrbohB-alpha accumulated markedly when the maize seedlings were subjected to various abiotic stimuli, such as wounding, cold (4 degrees C), heat (40 degrees C), UV and salinity stress. In addition, several abiotic stimuli also affected the alternative splicing pattern of ZmrbohB except wounding. These results provide new insight into roles in the expression regulation of plant rboh genes and suggest that ZmrbohB gene may play a role in response to environmental stresses.
Advanced MOSFET Designs and Implications for SRAM Scaling (2011)

Continued planar bulk MOSFET scaling is becoming increasingly difficult due to increased random variation in transistor performance with decreasing gate length, and thereby scaling of SRAM using minimum-size transistors is further challenging. This dissertation will discuss various advanced MOSFET designs and their benefits for extending density and voltage scaling of static memory (SRAM) arrays. Using three-dimensional (3-D) process and design simulations, transistor designs are optimized. Then, using an analytical compact model calibrated to the simulated transistor current-vs.-voltage characteristics, the performance and yield of six-transistor (6-T) SRAM cells are estimated. For a given cell area, fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FD-SOI) MOSFET technology is projected to provide for significantly improved yield across a wide range of operating voltages, as compared with conventional planar bulk CMOS technology. Quasi-Planar (QP) bulk silicon MOSFETs are a lower-cost alternative and also can provide for improved SRAM yield. A more printable "notchless" QP bulk SRAM cell layout is proposed to reduce lithographic variations, and is projected to achieve six-sigma yield (required for terabit-scale SRAM arrays) with a minimum operating voltage below 1 Volt.
Performance Evaluation of Ionic Liquids as a Clay Stabilizer and Shale Inhibitor (2008)

Abstract Most oil and gas producing formations contain clay minerals that were deposited during the sedimentation process, formed during the interaction of heat, pressure, and time on the naturally present minerals in the formation, or precipitated from fluids flowing from one area of the formation to others. The oil and gas industry has extensively investigated the role of these clay minerals during production and the potential permeability damage that can occur with swelling and migration of these clays. For many years, the effective use of salts such as KCl and NaCl in workover fluids for temporary clay stabilization has been well established. However, due to the potential environmental issues and the logistics of using large quantities of salts for this application, many operators have begun to search for alternative clay stabilizer products. This project details the investigation and evaluation of ionic liquids as a clay stabilizer and shale inhibitor additive to prevent clay swelling and migration in comparison to the industry-standard clay stabilizers. Ionic liquids are compounds that are liquids at ambient temperatures and consist entirely of cations and anions, usually a organic cation and a inorganic anion. Screening studies to determine the state of flocculation of clay-bearing fluids and to screen for shale inhibition were conducted with Capillary Suction Time tests (CST), Clay Pack Flow tests and core flow studies. This paper summarizes the results of the clay stabilizer screening studies conducted with ionic liquids and details the effectiveness of the ionic liquids as KCl substitutes, clay stabilizer additives, and shale inhibitors.
Influence of GaAs (001) surface termination on the in-plane magnetic anisotropies of MnSb epitaxial films (1998)

We have studied the in-plane magnetic anisotropy of epitaxial MnSb (11̄01) films grown on GaAs (001) by molecular beam epitaxy. The MnSb films were grown on (2×4) and (4×6) reconstructed GaAs surfaces at 250 and 50 °C. At 250 °C, the films showed a strong twofold in-plane magnetic anisotropy independent of the GaAs surface reconstruction. In contrast, at 50 °C, the in-plane anisotropy appeared only on the (2×4) reconstructed surface. The anisotropic crystallographic domain structure of the MnSb films is thought to cause the magnetic anisotropy. The anisotropic domain formation is explained by the different chemisorption of the Mn adatom on the GaAs surface as a function of the termination.
The multi-PDZ domain protein MUPP1 is a cytoplasmic ligand for the membrane-spanning proteoglycan NG2 (2000)

A yeast two-hybrid screen was employed to identify ligands for the cytoplasmic domain of the NG2 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. Two overlapping cDNA clones selected in the screen are identical in sequence to a DNA segment coding for the most amino-terminal of the 13 PDZ domains found in the multi-PDZ-protein MUPP1. Antibodies made against recombinant polypeptides representing these two clones (NIP-2 and NIP-7) are reactive with the same 250-kDa molecule recognized by anti-MUPP1 antibodies, confirming the presence of the NIP-2 and NIP-7 sequences in the MUPP1 protein. NIP-2 and NIP-7 GST fusion proteins effectively recognize NG2 in pull-down assays, demonstrating the ability of these polypeptide segments to interact with the intact proteoglycan. The fusion proteins fail to bind NG2 missing the C-terminal half of the cytoplasmic domain, emphasizing the role of the NG2 C-terminus in the interaction with MUPP1. The existence of an NG2/MUPP1 interaction in situ is demonstrated by the ability of NG2 antibodies to co-immunoprecipitate both NG2 and MUPP1 from detergent extracts of cells expressing the two molecules. MUPP1 may serve as a multivalent scaffold that provides a means of linking NG2 with key structural and/or signaling components in the cytoplasm.
Molecular Characterization of <i>Bombyx mori</i> Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis Virus Genome Segment 4 (2001)

The complete nucleotide sequence of the genome segment 4 (S4) of Bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (BmCPV) was determined. The 3,259-nucleotide sequence contains a single long open reading frame which spans nucleotides 14 to 3187 and which is predicted to encode a protein with a molecular mass of about 130 kDa. Western blot analysis showed that S4 encodes BmCPV protein VP3, which is one of the outer components of the BmCPV virion. Sequence analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of BmCPV VP3 revealed possible sequence homology with proteins from rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV) S2, Nilaparvata lugens reovirus S4, and Fiji disease fijivirus S4. This may suggest that plant reoviruses originated from insect viruses and that RRSV emerged more recently than other plant reoviruses. A chimeric protein consisting of BmCPV VP3 and green fluorescent protein (GFP) was constructed and expressed with BmCPV polyhedrin using a baculovirus expression vector. The VP3-GFP chimera was incorporated into BmCPV polyhedra and released under alkaline conditions. The results indicate that specific interactions occur between BmCPV polyhedrin and VP3 which might facilitate BmCPV virion occlusion into the polyhedra.
Identification of a Chemoreceptor Zinc-Binding Domain Common to Cytoplasmic Bacterial Chemoreceptors (2011)

We report the identification and characterization of a previously unidentified protein domain found in bacterial chemoreceptors and other bacterial signal transduction proteins. This domain contains a motif of three noncontiguous histidines and one cysteine, arranged as Hxx[WFYL]x(21-28)Cx[LFMVI]Gx[WFLVI]x(18-27)HxxxH(boldface type indicates residues that are nearly 100% conserved). This domain was first identified in the soluble Helicobacter pylori chemoreceptor TlpD. Using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry on heterologously and natively expressed TlpD, we determined that this domain binds zinc with a subfemtomolar dissociation constant. We thus named the domain CZB, for chemoreceptor zinc binding. Further analysis showed that many bacterial signaling proteins contain the CZB domain, most commonly proteins that participate in chemotaxis but also those that participate in c-di-GMP signaling and nitrate/nitrite sensing, among others. Proteins bearing the CZB domain are found in several bacterial phyla. The variety of signaling proteins using the CZB domain suggests that it plays a critical role in several signal transduction pathways.
Investigation of the Structure of Surface Hydroxyl Groups on Silica. Chemical Reaction and Molecular Adsorption Method. (1999)

Classification of types of surface hydroxyl groups and structure of hydrogen-bonded hydroxyl groups on Aerosil silica have been investigated. The fraction of isolated hydroxyl groups on the surface could be estimated by the reaction of dimethyldichlorosilane molecules with surface hydroxyl groups at a low concentration. The structure of the hydrogen-bonded hydroxyl groups on the surface was examined through the change in FT-IR spectra with CO physisorption at 77K. The analysis of CO physisorption provided information on the structure of hydrogen-bonded hydroxyl groups by estimating of the amount of terminal hydroxyl groups.
Gran Telescopio Canarias optics manufacture: final report (2006)

This paper is intended to establish, after delivery of the last batch of segments, the final progress report of the manufacturing and testing of the Gran Telescopio Canarias optics.
Isolation and characterization of jack bean beta-galactosidase. (1975)

A simple procedure has been devised to isolate beta-galactosidase from jack bean meal. The final preparation gives one major protein banc in disc gel electrophoresis. The substrate specificity of this enzyme toward some natural oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, and sphingoglycolipids has been examined in detail. Among three isomers of N-acetyllactosamine, Galbeta1leads to4GlcNAc; while Galbeta1leads to3GlcNAc was hydrolyzed very slowly. This property can be used to distinguish the galactose linkage in asialo-GM1 (Galbeta1leads to3GalNAcbeta1leads to4Galbeta1leads to4Glcleads toCer) and that in lacto-N-neotetraosylceramide (Galbeta1leads to4GlcNAcbeta1leads to 3Galbeta1leads to4Glcleads toCer). For hydrolyzing glycolipids, the effect of sodium taurodeoxycholate and sodium taurochenodeoxycholate on the rate of hydrolysis was carefully examined. This enzyme hydrolyzes lactosylceramide and asialo-GM1 faster than GM1. These results suggest that in addition to the type and linkage of the penultimate sugar unit, the sugar unit at the distal position of the saccharide chain also affects the hydrolysis rate. It also readily liberates 80% D-galactosyl units from asialo alpha1-acid glycoprotein. Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase on the other hand cannot hydrolyze asialo-alpha1-acid glycoprotein, lactosylceramide, GM1, asialo-GM1, and lacto-N-neotetraosylceramide. The molecular weight of this enzyme is about 75,000 and the isoelectric point is pH 8.0. With p-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside as substrate, optimal activity occurs at pH 2.8 with glycine-HCl buffer and at pH 3.5 with citrate-phosphate buffer. With lactose as substrate, the pH optimum in these two buffers are 2.8 and 4.0, respectively. Km values for p-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside, o-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside and lactose are 0.51 mM, 0.63 mM, and 12.23 mM, respectively. Many inhibitors for this enzyme including inorganic ions, monosaccharides, and glycosides are investigated. In contrast to E. coli beta-galactosidase, jack bean beta-galactosidase is not inhibited by p-aminophenyl thio-beta-D-galactopyranoside.
Synthesis and structural characterization of CO<sub>2</sub>-soluble oxidizers [Bu<sub>4</sub>N]BrO<sub>3</sub> and [Bu<sub>4</sub>N]ClO<sub>3</sub> and their dissolution in cosolvent-modified CO<sub>2</sub> for reservoir applications (2020)

CO<sub>2</sub> utilization in upsteam oil and gas applications requires CO<sub>2</sub>-soluble additives such as polymers, surfactants, and other components. Here we report the facile synthesis of CO<sub>2</sub>-soluble oxidizers composed of judiciously selected organic cations paired with oxidizing anions. [Bu<sub>4</sub>N]BrO<sub>3</sub> and [Bu<sub>4</sub>N]ClO<sub>3</sub> are prepared using a double displacement synthetic strategy, whereby the crystalline product is readily obtained in high yield and structurally characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The facility of the approach is demonstrated through the preparation of several additional alkylammonium bromate compounds. Static solubility studies using a high-pressure cell with viewing windows showed that tetrabutylammonium compounds could be solubilized using cosolvent-modified CO<sub>2</sub>. Using 4 mol% ethanol as cosolvent, >3 mM [Bu<sub>4</sub>N]BrO<sub>3</sub> could be dissolved in CO<sub>2</sub>, while ∼0.75 mM [Bu<sub>4</sub>N]ClO<sub>3</sub> could be dissolved in the same solvent system. The solubility properties of [Bu<sub>4</sub>N]BrO<sub>3</sub> along with its thermal stability up to ∼200 °C suggest that it is a promising oilfield oxidizer that can be utilized in subterranean CO<sub>2</sub> applications.