gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
X-ray phase laminography with Talbot interferometer (2010)

Laminography is a technique for 3D volume reconstruction, extending the classical tomography to the estimation of local areas in lamellar objects. We demonstrate X-ray phase laminography by using an X-ray Talbot interferometer consisting of two transmission gratings, which has been used only for X-ray phase tomography. In this presentation, experiments using 17.7 keV synchrotron radiation through a double-crystal monochromator are reported. The X-rays passed through the sample placed in front of the first phase grating. The rotation axis of the sample was set almost parallel to the sample plane normal, and inclined from the X-ray beam. Behind the second amplitude grating, moiré fringe patterns were measured by displacing one of the gratings in the direction parallel to its diffraction vector. Differential phase information were extracted through the fringe-scanning method. For the reconstruction of the three-dimensional volume from the differential phase information, the filtered back projection method was used with a specific filtering function. Promising results of phase laminography reconstruction are obtained for simulation data as well as weakly absorbing lamellar objects such as a polymer meshes and other samples. This advancement extends experiments with X-ray Talbot volume reconstruction to a larger variety of samples.
Three Novel Downstream Promoter Elements Regulate MHC Class I Promoter Activity in Mammalian Cells (2010)

Three novel downstream elements (GLE, DPE-L1, DPE-L2), located between +1 and +32 bp, regulate both constitutive and activated MHC class I gene expression by selectively increasing usage of transcription start sites clustered at the 5' end of the core promoter upstream of +1 bp. Results indicate that the downstream elements preferentially regulate TAF1-dependent, relative to TAF1-independent, transcription.
Do You Have Tips For Traveling With Children (2001)

Do You Have Tips For Traveling WithChildren?
Selective Dampening of the Gas Permeability of a Langmuir−Blodgett Film Using Moist Permeants (2000)

The permeability of helium across a composite membrane derived from six monolayers of 5,11,17,23,29,35-hexaamidoxime-37,38,39,40,41,42-hexakis(1-octyloxy)calix[6]arene (1) and poly[1-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propyne] cast film has been found to be significantly reduced when the film is exposed to moisture. In sharp contrast, the permeability of nitrogen across this same composite was unaffected by moisture. These results, by themselves, provide compelling evidence for the existence of two distinct pathways for diffusion: one that strongly favors the transport of He over N2, and a second that is much less selective. Unusual pressure effects that have been observed for the normalized flux of He support a model in which this smaller permeant can diffuse through individual calix[6]arenes.
Synchronizability of conversations among Web services (2005)

We present a framework for analyzing interactions among Web services that communicate with asynchronous messages. We model the interactions among the peers participating in a composite Web service as conversations, the global sequences of messages exchanged among the peers. This naturally leads to the following model checking problem: Given an LTL property and a composite Web service, do the conversations generated by the composite Web service satisfy the property? We show that asynchronous messaging leads to state space explosion for bounded message queues and undecidability of the model checking problem for unbounded message queues. We propose a technique called synchronizability analysis to tackle this problem. If a composite Web service is synchronizable, its conversation set remains the same when asynchronous communication is replaced with synchronous communication. We give a set of sufficient conditions that guarantee synchronizability and that can be checked statically. Based on our synchronizability results, we show that a large class of composite Web services with unbounded message queues can be verified completely using a finite state model checker such as SPIN. We also show that synchronizability analysis can be used to check the reliability of top-down conversation specifications and we contrast the conversation model with the Message Sequence Charts. We integrated synchronizability analysis to a tool we developed for analyzing composite Web services.
Long spin relaxation times in a single-beam blue-detuned optical trap (1999)

A scheme to trap atoms in a blue-detuned optical dipole trap, formed with a single laser beam and a holographic phase plate, is demonstrated. ${10}^{5}$ rubidium atoms are trapped for (1/e lifetime) \ensuremath{\sim}300 msec, at temperatures of \ensuremath{\sim}24 \ensuremath{\mu}K and a density of $\ensuremath{\sim}7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{11}{\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{s}/\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}}^{3},$ for a trapping beam detuning of 0.1--30 nm. The time for a trapped atom to scatter one photon off the trapping beam is measured and found to be linear in the trapping laser detuning. At a detuning of 0.5 nm from resonance this time was measured to be \ensuremath{\sim}100 msec, indicating that the atoms are exposed on average only to \ensuremath{\sim}1/700 of the maximal light intensity in the trap. The use of a single laser beam allows for simple dynamical changes of the potential and large adiabatic compressions, while keeping the atoms mainly in the dark.
X-ray and secondary ion mass spectrometry investigation of activation behavior of self-preamorphized silicon substrate (2004)

The junctions for p-type source/drain and extensions for sub-100 nm technology nodes can be formed by using low energy beamline implantation, plasma doping, or elevated source/drain approaches in conjunction with various thermal processing methods. An important objective for sub-100 nm junction engineering is incorporation and activation of desired level of dopant in the junction region. In this article, the interaction between Si preamorphization implantation and boron implantation has been investigated by using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), triple crystal x-ray diffraction (XRD), and four point probe measurements. The dopant profile abruptness is found to be a function of boron energy and the Si+ ion dose and energy. Results demonstrate that an increase in Si energy by 10 keV yields ∼100 Å shallower and more abrupt boron profiles. Crystallinity of the implanted layer after thermal treatment has been characterized by the triple crystal XRD technique. The XRD rocking curve data correlated well with Rs and the SIMS measurements indicating lattice damage recovery and dopant activation.
Protein structural changes during processing of vegetable feed ingredients used in swine diets: implications for nutritional value (2016)

Protein structure influences the accessibility of enzymes for digestion. The proportion of intramolecular β-sheets in the secondary structure of native proteins has been related to a decrease in protein digestibility. Changes to proteins that can be considered positive (for example, denaturation and random coil formation) or negative (for example, aggregation and Maillard reactions) for protein digestibility can occur simultaneously during processing. The final result of these changes on digestibility seems to be a counterbalance of the occurrence of each phenomenon. Occurrence of each phenomenon depends on the conditions applied, but also on the source and type of the protein that is processed. The correlation between denaturation enthalpy after processing and protein digestibility seems to be dependent on the protein source. Heat seems to be the processing parameter with the largest influence on changes in the structure of proteins. The effect of moisture is usually limited to the simultaneous application of heat, but increasing level of moisture during processing usually increases structural changes in proteins. The effect of shear on protein structure is commonly studied using extrusion, although the multifactorial essence of this technology does not allow disentanglement of the separate effects of each processing parameter (for example, heat, shear, moisture). Although most of the available literature on the processing of feed ingredients reports effects on protein digestibility, the mechanisms that explain these effects are usually lacking. Clarifying these mechanisms could aid in the prediction of the nutritional consequences of processing conditions.
A pharmacoeconomic analysis of severe psoriasis therapy: a review of treatment choices and cost efficiency (2011)

Phototherapies and methotrexate offer high efficacy for their costs. Therapeutic approaches must be individualized for each patient given all considerations described.
Wet coating deposition of ITO coatings on plastic substrates (2003)

In2O3:Sn (ITO) transparent conducting coatings of high optical quality have been obtained on glass and several plastic substrates by spin and dip coating processes followed by a low temperature processing (T < 130°C). The sols are made of crystalline nanoparticles redispersable in an alcohol and modified by adding a binder to favour the coalescing of the particles and to allow the deposition of thick single layers (>400 nm). The smallest stable resistivity so far obtained is &rho; = 9
Improved device ruggedness by floating buffer ring (2002)

An integrated low-substrate-leakage diode structure is considered, operated in reverse breakdown mode, having a parasitic npn transistor. At high current, the Kirk effect, causing shift of the potential by the space charge of moving carriers, leads to high electric fields and causes device degradation. The application of a protective n+ buffer ring around the cathode redistributes field and current and improves the ruggedness. This principle is also successfully applied for improved ESD performance of a lateral DMOST in a Silicon-on-Insulator process.
Group Insurance: Its Value in Improving University Teaching (1970)

(1970). Group Insurance: Its Value in Improving University Teaching. Improving College and University Teaching: Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 279-281.
Distributed multi-agent scheme to enhance cyber security of smart power grids (2015)

This paper presents a distributed multi-agent scheme for enhancing the cyber security of smart grids which integrates computational resources, physical processes, and communication capabilities. Smart grid infrastructures are vulnerable to various cyber attacks and noises whose influences are significant for reliable and secure operations. A distributed agent-based framework is developed to investigate the interactions between physical processes and cyber activities where the attacks are considered as additive sensor fault signals and noises as randomly generated disturbance signals. A model of innovative physical process-oriented counter-measure and abnormal angle-state observer is designed for detection and mitigation against integrity attacks. Furthermore, this model helps to identify if the observation errors are caused either by attacks or noises.
Compact models of negative-capacitance FinFETs: Lumped and distributed charge models (2016)

This work presents insights into the device physics and behaviors of ferroelectric based negative capacitance FinFETs (NC-FinFETs) by proposing lumped and distributed compact models for its simulation. NC-FinFET may have a floating metal between ferroelectric (FE) and the dielectric layers and the lumped charge model represents such a device. For a NC-FinFET without a floating metal, the distributed charge model should be used and at each point in the channel the ferroelectric layer will impact the local channel charge. This distributed effect has important implications on device characteristics as shown in this paper. The proposed compact models have been implemented in circuit simulators for exploring circuits based on NC-FinFET technology.
Photoresist integrity and outgassing effects during plasma immersion ion implantation (2002)

Plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) has been evaluated for process compatibility with photoresists. The effects of non-mass-separated ion implantation into bare Si, soft-baked (SE), hardbaked (HE), and UV/baked (UVB) patterned photoresist wafers are discussed. Outgassing of the photoresist can cause co-implantation of unintended species since the plasma will ionize these by-products. SIMS analysis was used to characterize dopant profiles and implanted C, O, and N from outgassed photoresist species. Acceptable levels of carbon are shown for a range of implants. Correlation between RGA and SIMS data shows that UVB photoresist outgasses increased amounts of CO and CO/sub 2/ during PIII implantation compared to the SB and HB photoresist. The PIII implants showed no damage to photoresist features or dimensions, as quantified with SEM cross-sectional analysis.
Double-pulse pair Brillouin optical correlation-domain analysis (2016)

Brillouin optical correlation-domain analysis (B-OCDA) allows for distributed measurements of strain and temperature with sub-cm resolution. Time-multiplexing techniques have previously extended B-OCDA to the monitoring of many km of fiber and two million resolution points. Thus far, however, the number of scans of correlation peaks positions, necessary to cover the fiber under test, was restricted to the order of 100 or more. In this work we report a B-OCDA protocol that is able to address an entire fiber using only 11 pairs of position scans per choice of frequency. The measurements protocol relies on a merger between B-OCDA principles and double-pulse-pair analysis, previously incorporated in time-domain Brillouin sensors. Phase coding of the pump and signal waves with a repeating, short and high-rate code stimulates Brillouin interactions in a large number of narrow correlation peaks, with substantial temporal overlap. Unambiguous measurements are achieved by repeating each experiment twice, using a pair of pump pulses of different durations, and subtracting the two output traces. The principle is demonstrated in the analysis of a 43 m-long fiber with 2.7 cm resolution. Several local hot-spots are properly identified in the measurements. The experimental uncertainty in the measurement of the local Brillouin frequency shift is estimated as ± 1.9 MHz. The proposed method requires broader detection bandwidth and a larger number of averages than those of previous time-gated B-OCDA setups. Hence the overall number of measurements is similar to that of previous setups.
Flautist's chin (1997)

Journal Article Flautist's chin Get access A. Inoue, A. Inoue Department of Dermatology, Osaka Kaisei Hospital. 4‐6‐6, Toyosaki, Kita‐ku Osaka 543. Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A Shoji, A Shoji Department of Dermatology, Osaka Kaisei Hospital. 4‐6‐6, Toyosaki, Kita‐ku Osaka 543. Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Fujita T. Fujita Osaka City Institue of Public Health and Environament Seience, 8‐34 Tojo‐cho. Tennoji‐Ku, Osaka 543, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 136, Issue 1, 1 January 1997, Page 147, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb08778.x Published: 01 January 1997
The Growth Factor and Amino Acid Requirements of Species of the Genus Leuconostoc, including Leuconostoc paramesenteroides (sp.nov.) and Leuconostoc oenos (1967)

The composition of exocellular polysaccharides was studied in the M, S and R variants of Mycobacterium lacticolum 104. The exoglycans of the M and S variants were found to be rather similar but differ considerably from the exoglycan of the R form. The polysaccharides of the M and S cells contained glucose, mannose, galactose, and pyruvic acid; the exoglycan of the R cells contained also the fourth sugar arabinose, but lacked pyruvic acid. The specific rotation of the polysaccharides from the M, S and R variants ([alpha]d20), respectively, was +207.5, +168.0 and +25.0. The caseinolytic activity of the M, S and R variants, respectively, by the seventh day of growth was 0.93+/-0.21, 0.62+/-0.07 and 0.47+/-0.07 units/ml.
A frequency doubler with high conversion gain and good fundamental suppression (2004)

A frequency doubler architecture with high conversion gain and high suppression of the input frequency is presented. The basic form operates at supply voltages down to 1.2 V and the simple topology allows for broad band operation. The new design was applied to a K/sub u/-band frequency doubler which drives the LO port of a single-balanced Gilbert mixer. Fabricated in an advanced SiGe-HBT technology with f/sub T/ = 80 GHz / f/sub max/ = 90 GHz, the compact design of LO buffer, LO doubler and mixer measures just 295 /spl mu/m /spl times/ 325 /spl mu/m (excluding pads). A conversion gain of +17 dB at an output frequency of 14 GHz has been achieved for the doubler (including buffers), while the mixer conversion gain is +8.4 dB.
Using a Knowledge System to Document and Evaluate Faculty Productivity in a College of Business (1995)

Abstract This article proposes revising the system presently used for faculty evaluation in most colleges and universities to meet the increasing public demand for accountability and relevance in faculty work activities. A computer-based knowledge system that assists faculty and administrators in defining, documenting, and evaluating faculty productivity is described. Results of the system's application in an information systems department of a college of business suggest that knowledge-based systems may be of value in improving faculty productivity documentation, evaluating faculty productivity more objectively, and linking institutional policy to faculty teaching, research, and service activities.
Synthesis of cyclopenin and isocyclopenin (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of cyclopenin and isocyclopeninPreston K. Martin, Henry Rapoport, Herman W. Smith, and John L. WongCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 5, 1359–1363Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01257a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01257a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views248Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A high performance 32-bit ALU for programmable logic (2004)

The Arithmetic-Logic-Unit (ALU) is at the heart of a modern microprocessor, and its size and speed are often significant contributors to the overall processor's cost and performance. This paper presents the design of the ALU used in Altera's NIOS 2.0 soft processor implemented on Altera's Apex 20KE FPGA architecture. This ALU enabled the 32-bit NIOS 2.0 to consume only 1200 LEs and run at 85MHz. This is a 50% size reduction and 70% speed improvement over its predecessor, NIOS 1.1.The Logic-element (LE) is the basic building block within the Apex architecture. Making full use of the advanced features of the LE has resulted in this novel ALU design. A functional representation of the logic is used to describe how the ALU performs the core set of NIOS instructions, and an LE representation shows the amount of logic-resources needed for the implementation. The cost of additional features such as a barrel-shifter and custom instructions is also described.Likely worst-case delays for different routing and logic elements are used to estimate the ALU's speed. Further speed and size optimizations are also presented from which it is possible to create ALU ranging in speed from 87 MHz to over 100 MHz.
Biochemical, Biophysical, and Functional Characterization of Bacterially Expressed and Refolded Receptor Binding Domain ofPlasmodium vivax Duffy-binding Protein (2001)

Invasion of erythrocytes by malaria parasites is mediated by specific molecular interactions. Plasmodium vivax is completely dependent on interaction with the Duffy blood group antigen to invade human erythrocytes. The P. vivax Duffy-binding protein, which binds the Duffy antigen during invasion, belongs to a family of erythrocyte-binding proteins that also includes Plasmodium falciparum sialic acid binding protein and Plasmodium knowlesi Duffy binding protein. The receptor binding domains of these proteins lie in a conserved, N-terminal, cysteine-rich region, region II, found in each of these proteins. Here, we have expressed P. vivax region II (PvRII), the P. vivax Duffy binding domain, in Escherichia coli. Recombinant PvRII is incorrectly folded and accumulates in inclusion bodies. We have developed methods to refold and purify recombinant PvRII in its functional conformation. Biochemical, biophysical, and functional characterization confirms that recombinant PvRII is pure, homogeneous, and functionally active in that it binds Duffy-positive human erythrocytes with specificity. Refolded PvRII is highly immunogenic and elicits high titer antibodies that can inhibit binding of P. vivax Duffy-binding protein to erythrocytes, providing support for its development as a vaccine candidate for P. vivax malaria. Development of methods to produce functionally active recombinant PvRII is an important step for structural studies as well as vaccine development.
Einleitung (1998)

Die Wissenschaft von der systematischen Verarbeitung von Informationen, besonders der automatischen Verarbeitung mit Hilfe von Computern. Seit mehr als 20 Jahren an immer mehr Hochschulen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland gelehrt und studiert; nach wie vor in rascher Entwicklung begriffen, aber auf der Basis zunehmender Konsolidierung. Eine eher 'harte' Wissenschaft, stark technisch und mathematisch geprägt, exakt, an Fakten orientiert, die Begriffswelt präzise definiert.
Results and issues of an automated truck platoon within the energy ITS project (2014)

This paper presents an automated truck platoon that has been developed within a national ITS project named "Energy ITS," and the results and future issues. The five-year project started in 2008 aimed at energy saving and global warming prevention with automated driving. A platoon of three fully-automated heavy trucks and also a fully-automated light truck drove at 80 km/h with the gap of up to 4.7 m on a test truck. The lateral control was based on the lane marker detection by computer vision, and the longitudinal control was based on gap measurement by 76 GHz radar and lidar in addition to the inter-vehicle communications of 5.8 GHz DSRC and infrared. The radar and lidar also worked as the obstacle detection. The feature of the technologies is high reliability. Fuel consumption measurement on a test track shows that the fuel can be saved by about 15 % when the gap was 4.7 m. A simulation study shows that the effectiveness of the platooning with the gap of 10 m when the 40 % penetration in heavy trucks is 2.1 % reduction of CO2 along an expressway. In addition, experiments of four heavy trucks with CACC were also conducted for the introduction scenario. The technological and non-technological issues on automated driving and its introduction are also discussed.