gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling and estimation of single evoked brain potential components (1997)

In this paper, we present a novel approach to solving the single-trial evoked-potential estimation problem. Recognizing that different components of an evoked potential complex may originate from different functional brain sites and can be distinguished according to their respective latencies and amplitudes, we propose an estimation approach based on identification of evoked potential components on a single-trial basis. The estimation process is performed in two stages: first, an average evoked potential is calculated and decomposed into a set of components, with each component serving as a subtemplate for the next stage; then, the single measurement is parametrically modeled by a superposition of an emulated ongoing electroencephalographic activity and a linear combination of latency and amplitude-corrected component templates. Once optimized, the model provides the two assumed signal contributions, namely the ongoing brain activity and the single evoked brain response. The estimator's performance is analyzed analytically and via simulation, verifying its capability to extract single components at low signal-to-noise ratios typical of evoked potential data. Finally, two applications are presented, demonstrating the improved analysis capabilities gained by using the proposed approach. The first application deals with movement related brain potentials, where a change of the single evoked response due to external loading is detected. The second application involves cognitive event-related brain potentials, where a dynamic change of two overlapping components throughout the experimental session is detected and tracked.
A Content Based Similarity Search for Trajectory Data (2007)

In this paper, we propose a method of a content based similarity search of trajectory data sets for assisting decision of the users’ best destination. Recently, many similarity search engines of trajectory data have been proposed by many researchers. However, the algorithms of these similarity search engines only deal with the position of the trajectory data. The algorithms use only physical locations for similarity search are not effective, because most users have interest of moving. We believe that the data of users’ interest of moving are also essential to calculate similarities between trajectory data and users’ best destination. In this paper, we propose a novel method for calculating similarities of trajectory data using textual metadata. We use descriptive document of the spot the user had stayed. In our proposed method, we use average function to integrate the users’ trajectory data and use slope of the similarities. Consequently, we confirmed that the system can calculate accurate similarities for trajectory data. We also confirmed the precision of our proposed method for trajectory data.
Comparison of Selected Model Evaluation Criteria for Maintenance Applications (2004)

Model-based preventive maintenance relies on creating models that can either predict future operating states or upcoming failures directly. Since no modeling algorithm can guarantee a best solution in every situation, it becomes necessary to evaluate the solutions generated by these techniques. This paper reviews some popular criteria traditionally employed in model evaluation. Several evaluation criteria proposed in the literature are restricted in their applicability because of their assumptions about the modeling process/data. Some evaluation criteria are tested on two artificial data sets. The results from our tests indicate that Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) has superior performance. The conclusion has been used and verified in one industrial monitoring application.
Effects of Clomazone on Biosynthesis of Geosmin by Streptomyces tendae and Penicillium expansion (1994)

Cultures of Streptomyces tendae grown on Actinomyces medium containing clomazone contained less geosmin 48 h after inoculation than untreated controls, suggesting a possible inhibition of reactions prior to sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis. However, exposure to clomazone increased geosmin accumulation in S. tendae cultures grown on Hickey-Tresner medium and in cultures of the fungus Penicillium expansum. Additionally, clomazone increased accumulation of a sesquiterpenoid tentatively identified as a eudesmol in S. tendae, indicating possible point(s) of inhibition subsequent to sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis. Geosmin biosynthesis was induced by transferring cultures of S. tendae inoculated on Actinomyces medium to Hickey-Tresner medium 24 h after inoculation. When harvested at 48 h, geosmin biosynthesis-induced-cultures exposed to clomazone contained more geosmin than untreated controls, indicating that response of a single taxon to clomazone can be rapidly altered by changing medium composition.
Predicting the lightness of chromatic object colors using CIELAB (1991)

Abstract A metric of perceive lightness of object colors, L**, is derived and evaluated. This metric, based on CIELAB parameters, is designed to predict the Helmhltz‐Kohlrausch effect whereby chromatic object colors appear lighter than achromatic object of the some luminance factor. Models were fitted to published data and then tested with results from a new lightness‐matching experiment that is described in this article. The L** metric predicts perceived lightness to within the interobserver variability and provides a simple, practical measure of this appearance attribute.
The outcome of Charnley total hip arthroplasty with cement after a minimum twenty-year follow-up. The results of one surgeon. (1993)

We evaluated the results of 330 total hip arthroplasties that were performed with use of the Charnley prosthesis and cement in 262 patients by the senior one of us between July 1970 and April 1972. All hips had been thoroughly assessed preoperatively to document the patient's functional level. All patients had been disabled because of pain in the hip or a fracture of the hip, and 212 patients (81 per cent) had used walking aids. At a minimum of twenty years after the index operation, eighty-three patients (ninety-eight hips) were still living, 174 patients (224 hips) had died, and five patients (eight hips) had been lost to follow-up. The outcome of the arthroplasty was determined for all except the five latter patients. Thus, the outcome of 322 (98 per cent) of the 330 arthroplasties was known at the latest follow-up evaluation. Radiographs were available for sixty-three of the eighty-three patients (seventy-six [78 per cent] of the ninety-eight hips) who were alive for the entire follow-up period. Of the ninety-eight hips in the living patients, eighty-three (85 per cent) caused no pain, fourteen (14 per cent) caused mild pain, and one (1 per cent) caused moderate pain. Fifty-two hips (53 per cent) were in patients who did not use walking aids, and only seven (7 per cent) were in patients who used support for walking because of the hip. At the minimum twenty-year follow-up, thirty-two (10 per cent) of the 322 hips that had been followed had been revised: eight (2 per cent), because of loosening with infection; twenty-one (7 per cent), because of aseptic loosening; and three (1 per cent), because of dislocation. Of the ninety-eight hips of the patients who were still alive, fifteen (15 per cent) had been revised: three (3 per cent), because of loosening with infection; eleven (11 per cent), because of aseptic loosening; and one (1 per cent), because of dislocation. The rate of revision due to aseptic loosening of the acetabular component in all 322 hips was 6 per cent (eighteen hips), while in the ninety-eight hips of the patients who were alive at least twenty years after the arthroplasty, it was 10 per cent (ten hips). The rate of revision because of aseptic loosening of the femoral component in all 322 hips was 2 per cent (eight hips), while in the ninety-eight hips of the living patients, it was 3 per cent (three hips).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A Fast Multi-Scale Method for Drawing Large Graphs (2002)

We present a multi-scale layout algorithm for the aesthetic drawing of undirected graphs with straight-line edges. The algorithm is extremely fast, and is capable of drawing graphs of substantially larger size than any other algorithm we are aware of. For example, the algorithm achieves optimal drawings of 1000 vertex graphs in about 2 seconds. The paper contains graphs with over 6000 nodes. The proposed algorithm embodies a new multi-scale scheme for drawing graphs, which was motivated by the recently published multi-scale algorithm of Hadany and Harel [7]. It can significantly improve the speed of essentially any force-directed method (regardless of that method's ability of drawing weighted graphs or the continuity of its cost-function).
On Chasm (2004)

Editor's Note: Over a long period of time, the evil bourgeois reactionary line has created antagonism between two groups of students in schools—antagonism on the basis of one's family background. This antagonism became very obvious during the initial stage of the Cultural Revolution, and has lasted to this day. It has prevented further criticism of the bourgeois reactionary line and hindered further development of the Cultural Revolution.
Experimental Performance of a Miniature Fabry-Perot Fiber Optic Hydrophone (2005)

The advantages of fiber optic sensors in hydrophone applications are well known. They offer excellent sensitivity, resistance to electromagnetic interference, and all active electronics are kept out of the water. One aspect where they are not clearly superior to conventional piezoelectric transducers is their size. For some applications size is critical and existing designs are too large.
Personal Navi (2014)

Augmented reality (AR) is an interface that can potentially provide more intuitive and immersive experiences, particularly for automotive applications. In this paper we present the Personal Navi, a vehicular AR navigational aid designed for use with a see-thru 3D volumetric Head Up Display (HUD). In one study, we found that the Personal Navi visuals helped participants recognize turn locations earlier than when provided with conventional navigation aids alone. The interface also helped keep users' eyes up and fixated on the driving environment more. In a second study, we tested participants' depth perception of AR visuals provided with our prototype 3D-HUD. We displayed the same visuals with a fixed focal depth display (2D-HUD) and found that for applications such as Personal Navi, where the spatial location of AR visuals are an important component of the interface, a dynamically adjustable focal plane (3D-HUD) is necessary for proper registration. We argue that AR-based HUD navigational aids should be implemented only with 3D-HUDs because of inferior depth perception with 2D-HUDs.
Oxidation by 2-oxoglutarate oxygenases: non-haem iron systems in catalysis and signalling (2005)

The 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) and ferrous iron dependent oxygenases are a superfamily of enzymes that catalyse a wide range of reactions including hydroxylations, desaturations and oxidative ring closures. Recently, it has been discovered that they act as sensors in the hypoxic response in humans and other animals. Substrate oxidation is coupled to conversion of 2OG to succinate and carbon dioxide. Kinetic, spectroscopic and structural studies are consistent with a consensus mechanism in which ordered binding of (co)substrates enables control of reactive intermediates. Binding of the substrate to the active site triggers the enzyme for ligation of dioxygen to the metal. Oxidative decarboxylation of 2OG then generates the ferryl species thought to mediate substrate oxidation. Structural studies reveal a conserved double-stranded beta-helix core responsible for binding the iron, via a 2His-1carboxylate motif and the 2OG side chain. The rigidity of this core contrasts with the conformational flexibility of surrounding regions that are involved in binding the substrate. Here we discuss the roles of 2OG oxygenases in terms of the generic structural and mechanistic features that render the 2OG oxygenases suited for their functions.
Surface plasmon resonances of optical antenna atomic force microscope tips (2009)

A method for fabricating optical antennas on atomic force microscope probes using focused ion beam modification is described. We numerically demonstrate that these optical antenna probes provide a large near field intensity enhancement when illuminated at their resonant wavelengths. We experimentally measure the plasmon resonant wavelengths of probes with various lengths. Both simulation and experiment indicate that the resonant wavelength redshifts with increasing antenna length. We anticipate that the optical antenna tips could be used for mapping the field distributions of nanophotonic devices or for high spatial resolution spectroscopy.
Predictable and efficient virtual addressing for safety-critical real-time systems (2002)

Conventionally, the use of virtual memory in safety-critical real-time systems has been avoided, one reason being the difficulties it provides to timing analysis. The difficulties arise due to the Memory Management Unit (MMU) on commercial processors being optimised to improve average performance, to the detriment of simple worst-case analysis. However within safety-critical systems, there is a move towards implementations where processes of differing integrity levels are allocated to the same processor. This requires adequate partitioning between processes of different integrity levels. One method for achieving this in the context of commercial processor is via use of the MMU and its support for virtual memory. The focus of this paper is upon the provision of virtual memory for processes of all integrity levels without complicating the timing analysis of safety-critical processes with hard deadlines. Also, for lower integrity processes without hard deadlines, the flexibility of the virtual memory provided does not restrict the process functionality, The virtual memory system proposed is generic and can be implemented on many commercial architectures e.g. PowerPC, ARM and MIPS. This paper details the PowerPC implementation.
Novel opportunities for thymidylate metabolism as a therapeutic target (2008)

For over 40 years, the fluoropyrimidine 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has remained the central agent in therapeutic regimens employed in the treatment of colorectal cancer and is frequently combined with the DNA-damaging agents oxaliplatin and irinotecan, increasing response rates and improving overall survival. However, many patients will derive little or no benefit from treatment, highlighting the need to identify novel therapeutic targets to improve the efficacy of current 5-FU-based chemotherapeutic strategies. dUTP nucleotidohydrolase (dUTPase) catalyzes the hydrolysis of dUTP to dUMP and PPi, providing substrate for thymidylate synthase (TS) and DNA synthesis and repair. Although dUTP is a normal intermediate in DNA synthesis, its accumulation and misincorporation into DNA as uracil is lethal. Importantly, uracil misincorporation represents an important mechanism of cytotoxicity induced by the TS-targeted class of chemotherapeutic agents including 5-FU. A growing body of evidence suggests that dUTPase is an important mediator of response to TS-targeted agents. In this article, we present further evidence showing that elevated expression of dUTPase can protect breast cancer cells from the expansion of the intracellular uracil pool, translating to reduced growth inhibition following treatment with 5-FU. We therefore report the implementation of in silico drug development techniques to identify and develop small-molecule inhibitors of dUTPase. As 5-FU and the oral 5-FU prodrug capecitabine remain central agents in the treatment of a variety of malignancies, the clinical utility of a small-molecule inhibitor to dUTPase represents a viable strategy to improve the clinical efficacy of these mainstay chemotherapeutic agents.
Can Duchenne smiles be feigned? New evidence on felt and false smiles. (2009)

We investigated the value of the Duchenne (D) smile as a spontaneous sign of felt enjoyment. Participants either smiled spontaneously in response to amusing material (spontaneous condition) or were instructed to pose a smile (deliberate condition). Similar amounts of D and non-Duchenne (ND) smiles were observed in these 2 conditions (Experiment 1). When subsets of these smiles were presented to other participants, they generally rated spontaneous and deliberate D and ND smiles differently. Moreover, they distinguished between D smiles of varying intensity within the spontaneous condition (Experiment 2). Such a differentiation was also made when seeing the upper or lower face only (Experiment 3), but was impaired for static compared with dynamic displays (Experiment 4). The predictive value of the D smile in these judgment studies was limited compared with other features such as asymmetry, apex duration, and nonpositive facial actions, and was only significant for ratings of the upper face and static displays. These findings raise doubts about the reliability and validity of the D smile and question the usefulness of facial descriptions in identifying true feelings of enjoyment.
1,3,6-Trisubstituted indoles as peptidoleukotriene antagonists: benefits of a second, polar, pyrrole substituent (1992)

1,6-Substituted and 3,5-substituted indoles and indazoles containing acylamino and N-arylsulfonyl amide appendages are potent antagonists of the peptidoleukotrienes LTD4 and LTE4. A compound from the 3,5-substituted indole series, N-[4-[[5-[[(cyclopentyloxy)carbonyl]amino]-1-methylindol- 3-yl]methyl]-3-methoxybenzoyl]-2-methyl-benzenesulfonamide (ICI 204,219), is undergoing clinical evaluation for asthma. Two new elements of structural diversity were introduced to this series of antagonists. An investigation of pyrrole substituents in the 1,6-substituted indoles demonstrated that substitution at C-2 was detrimental to biological activity, but the incorporation of hydrophilic groups at C-3 was beneficial. The introduction of a propionamide moiety at C-3 enhanced activity by 1 order of magnitude; N-[4-[[6-(cyclopentylacetamido)-3-[2-(N- methylcarbamoyl)ethyl]indol-1-yl]methyl]-3-methoxy- benzoyl]benzenesulfonamide (15c) has a pKB of 10.7 at the LTD4 receptor on guinea pig trachea. Modifications of the acylamino portion of the disubstituted antagonists demonstrated that a transposition of the amide CO and NH atoms was viable. N-Cyclopentylmethyl amides in both the 1,6- and 3,5-disubstituted indole series were 1 order of magnitude less potent than the corresponding cyclopentylacetamides. In both series this potency loss could be regained by the incorporation of a propionamide substituent at either C-3 or N-1, respectively. For example, N-[4-[[6-[N-(cyclopentylmethyl)carbamoyl]-3-[2-(pyrrolidin-1 - methylbenzenesulfonamide (39c) has a pKB of 9.5.
The Effect of Geometry on the Efficiency and Hemolysis of Centrifugal Implantable Blood Pumps (2016)

The application of centrifugal pumps as heart assist devices imposes design limitations on the impeller geometry. Geometry and operating parameters will affect the performance and the hemocompatibility of the device. Among all the parameters affecting the hemocompatibility, pressure, rotational speed, blade numbers, angle, and width have significant impact on the blood trauma. These parameters directly (pressure, speed) and indirectly (geometry) affect the efficiency of the pump as well. This study describes the experimental investigation on geometric parameters and their effect on the performance of small centrifugal pumps suitable for Mechanical Circulatory Support (MCS) devices. Experimental and numerical techniques were implemented to analyze the performance of 15 centrifugal impellers with different characteristics. The effect of each parameter on the pump performance and hemolysis was studied by calculating the normalized index of hemolysis (NIH) and the shear stress induced in each pump. The results show five and six blades, 15-35° outlet angle, and the lowest outlet width that meets the required pressure rise are optimum values for an efficient hemocompatible pump.
Reduced Keyboard Designs Using Disambiguation (1989)

There are a number of important applications where the accuracy of typed copy is less important than other criteria, such as the speed of entry, ease of learning, reduced keyboard size, provision for innovative keyboard designs and work methods, etc. Some of these applications include communication devices for the motor handicapped and rough drafting. The applications in question still provide single finger typing as opposed to multifinger entries for chord keyboards. One approach to keyboard design for such applications involves using a multicharacter key set. Because there is more than one character on a key, the number of keys can be reduced to a point limited only by the required accuracy of the text produced which is itself limited by the ability of “disambiguation” algorithms to decode the ambiguous text strings. Reducing the number of keys increases text entry rates and reduces learning time. Experiments with keysets of 10, 12, 14, and 16 keys have produced keystroke rates of 3.3 to 1.7 characters per second and a 6% keying error while the disambiguation programs can produce an accuracy of 85 to 95%. Learning time in the experiments was about 9 to 12 minutes. The experiments demonstrate the feasibility of increasing text entry rates and freeing the keyboard from architectural constraints.
IMPACT OF ENERGY COST ON IRRIGATED PRODUCTION: HIGH PLAINS OF TEXAS (1978)

Irrigation water cost data and the value of water in production for the four principal crops grown in the Texas High Plains, at a wide range of product prices, were used to estimate the price per kilowatt-hour of electricity needed to equate net returns from current irrigation practices and dryland production over time. Results indicate that rising energy prices without corresponding rises in product prices could result in energy, rather than water, being the limiting factor in High Plains irrigation.
A test strategy for a bit-serial VLSI chip with analog I/O (2002)

A unique, one-bit-wide test bus was designed to assure random pattern testability of a bit-serial stereo signal processor chip with analog I/O. Analog circuitry was tested functionally and digital circuitry pseudorandomly, achieving very high fault coverage. Analysis of fault simulation results indicates better than 99.9% coverage of the datapath logic was achieved. These results were obtained from an approximate fault simulator that neglects the possibility of fault self-masking caused by reconvergent fanout. The use of this tool in particular cases is justified by circuit analysis using fault path (F-path) methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Participation of transglutaminase in the activation of latent transforming growth factor β1 in aging articular cartilage (2000)

We report here a novel pathologic function for TGase in aging articular cartilage. This work supports a role for elevated TGase activity in age-related arthritis based in part on its participation in the activation of the critical growth factor TGFbeta in articular cartilage.