gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive distance protection for grounded fault of lines connected with doubly‐fed induction generators (2017)

Crowbar circuit is a preferred solution to maintaining wind generators connected to the grid during a disturbance. However, the activation of crowbar protection will lead to an obvious difference between the positive sequence impedance of wind generators and the negative sequence one. This study analyses the influence of this unique fault characteristic of doubly‐fed induction generators (DFIGs) on the three zones of distance relays. When the transmission line emanates from a DFIG‐based wind farm, there exists a high probability that the conventional protective zones of distance relays fail to operate. Hence, an adaptive branch coefficient is proposed to calculate the zone 2 setting according to the fault type and equivalent sequence impedances of wind generators. The proposed adaptive setting principle realises a better coverage of zone 2 and enhances the reliability and sensitivity of the relays. Simulation results verify the improvement of the protective zone of distance relays.
Glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans in normal mitral valve leaflets and chordae: association with regions of tensile and compressive loading (2004)

This study was designed to identify the specific proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the leaflets and chordae of the mitral valve and to interpret their presence in relation to the tensile and compressive loads borne by these tissues. Leaflets and chordae from normal human mitral valves (n = 31, obtained at autopsy) were weighed and selected portions digested using proteinase K, hyaluronidase, and chondroitinases. After fluorescent derivatization, fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis was used to separate and quantify the derivatized saccharides specific for each GAG type. In addition, the lengths of the chondroitin/dermatan sulfate chains were determined. Proteoglycans were identified by western blotting. The regions of the valve that experience tension, such as the chordae and the central portion of the anterior leaflet, contained less water, less hyaluronan, and mainly iduronate and 4-sulfated N-acetylgalactosamine with chain lengths of 50-70 disaccharides. These GAGs are likely associated with the small proteoglycans decorin and biglycan, which were found in abundance in the tensile regions. The valve regions that experience compression, such as the posterior leaflet and the free edge of the anterior leaflet, contained significantly more water, hyaluronan, and glucuronate and 6-sulfated N-acetylgalactosamine with chain lengths of 80-90 disaccharides. These GAGs are likely components of water-binding versican aggregates, which were abundant in the compressive loading regions. The relative amounts and distributions of these GAGs are therefore consistent with the tensile and compressive loads that these tissues bear. Finally, the concentrations of total GAGs and many different chondroitin/dermatan sulfate subclasses were significantly decreased with advancing age.
Ultrafast laser-driven x-ray spectrometer for x-ray absorption spectroscopy of transition metal complexes (2004)

We report what are to our knowledge the first measurements of an x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectrum of solvated iron pentacarbonyl by use of an ultrafast laser-driven plasma x-ray source. This source is operating at a 2-kHz repetition rate. Hard x radiation that might falsify the XANES measurements is suppressed by an x-ray optical setup that consists of a fiber-optic lens and a silicon single crystal.
Developmental Ability of Mouse Late 2-Cell Stage Blastomeres Fused to Chemically Enucleated Oocytes in vitro. (1997)

The effects of different concentrations of etoposide and cycloheximide (ETO-CHXM), used for chemical enucleation of mouse oocytes, on polar body extrusion and chromatin expulsion were tested. The developmental ability of blastomeres of late 2-cell stage embryos fused to chemically enucleated oocytes of different ages or cytoplasts from different sources was also examined in vitro. Metaphase I oocytes cultured in different concentrations of ETO-CHXM (10-50 micrograms/ml/each) extruded polar bodies at rates similar to those cultured without ETO-CHXM (58.5-65.9% and 64.6%, respectively). However, low percent of the oocytes (1.7-6.2%) expressed signs of meiotic perturbation, which was manifested by blebbing of the cytoplasmic membrane and extrusion of two or more polar body-like fragments. Twenty-three percent of the chemically enucleated oocytes cultured in ETO-CHXM-free medium spontaneously fused to their polar bodies. The rates of total chromatin expulsion were similar when ETO-CHXM concentrations were 36 and 50 micrograms/ml (93.5 and 98%, respectively). The results also showed that the cleavage rates of reconstituted embryos were significantly (P < 0.001) affected by the age of the chemically enucleated oocytes. Cytoplasts of bisected oocytes that matured in vivo supported the development of 31.7% of the reconstituted embryos to the blastocyst stage. However, both cytoplasts of chemically enucleated oocytes and in vitro matured oocytes did not support the development to the blastocyst stage. A high percentage (85.5%) of the reconstituted embryos with chemically enucleated recipients displayed abnormality of the metaphase plate. These results suggest that concentrations of etoposide between 36 and 50 micrograms/ml are optimum for enucleation of mouse oocytes. Furthermore, increasing the age or reducing the cytoplasmic volume of the chemically enucleated oocytes did not improve the development of the reconstituted embryos to the blastocyst stage.
Standard Fingerprint Databases: Manual Minutiae Labeling and Matcher Performance Analyses (2013)

Fingerprint verification and identification algorithms based on minutiae features are used in many biometric systems today (e.g., governmental e-ID programs, border control, AFIS, personal authentication for portable devices). Researchers in industry/academia are now able to utilize many publicly available fingerprint databases (e.g., Fingerprint Verification Competition (FVC) & NIST databases) to compare/evaluate their feature extraction and/or matching algorithm performances against those of others. The results from these evaluations are typically utilized by decision makers responsible for implementing the cited biometric systems, in selecting/tuning specific sensors, feature extractors and matchers. In this study, for a subset of the cited public fingerprint databases, we report fingerprint minutiae matching results, which are based on (i) minutiae extracted automatically from fingerprint images, and (ii) minutiae extracted manually by human subjects. By doing so, we are able to (i) quantitatively judge the performance differences between these two cases, (ii) elaborate on performance upper bounds of minutiae matching, utilizing what can be termed as "ground truth" minutiae features, (iii) analyze minutiae matching performance, without coupling it with the minutiae extraction performance beforehand. Further, as we will freely distribute the minutiae templates, originating from this manual labeling study, in a standard minutiae template exchange format (ISO 19794-2), we believe that other researchers in the biometrics community will be able to utilize the associated results & templates to create their own evaluations pertaining to their fingerprint minutiae extractors/matchers.
Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of some potent 5,6-bis aryl 1,2,4-triazines (2007)

In the present research, a series of 5,6-bis aryl 1,2,4-triazines 5a~5f were synthesized by condensation of various benzils 4a~4f with aminoguanidine bicarbonate and were screened in vivo, for their anticonvulsant and neurotoxicity studies. Compounds 5a, 5b and 5d were found to be potent molecules of this series, when compared with the reference drugs phenytoin sodium, diazepam and lamotrigine. The structures of these compounds were established by IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and mass spectroscopic data.
PREPARATION OF PURE DIMETHYLBERYLLIUM, INCLUDING A SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE (1954)

likely to be present in coal and coal refuse. The fate of these elements during coal preparation is poorly defined; however, large concentrations of trace elements are discarded in the washing refuse. Toxic or harmful quantities of elements, such as Fe, Al, Mn, Co, Ni, and Zn, are released into the environment in the drainage from coal mineral wastes, but, in general, the behavior of trace elements during refuse weathering, leaching, and burning is not well understood. Although the mineral and inorganic matter in coal wastes is an acknowledged major contributor to both air and water pollution, without the benefit of further research, a comprehensive assessment of the full potential for environmental contamination from the trace elements in these wastes cannot be made.
Robust and High-Bit Rate Communications over PLC Channels: a Bit-Loading Multi-Carrier Spread-Spectrum Solution (2005)

In this paper, we present a finite-granularity loading algorithm for multicarrier spread-spectrum modulation systems. The proposed scheme attempts to give a robust solution to the power line communication challenging task. Throughout the paper, the particular case of an adapted version of multi- carrier code-division-multiple-access (MC-CDMA) is considered, which is currently called spread-spectrum multicarrier multiple- access (SS-MC-MA). The presented algorithm assigns subcarriers, spreading codes, bits and energy per code to each user of the network in order to maximize the minimum data rate at a target symbol error rate (SER) and for a given power sprectral density (PSD). Simulation results of the new scheme are presented for different measured PLC channels with impulsive noise and are compared with those of the classical discrete multitone modulation (DMT) approach. Then, it is shown that the proposed scheme offers higher throughput than DMT or less sensitiveness to impulse noise effects.
Erratum: “An Empirical Analysis of Formality in Online Communication” (2016)

Corrected citation to (Oraby et al., 2015).
A miniaturized, broadband MMIC frequency doubler (2002)

A miniaturized, broadband balanced MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuit) frequency doubler, composed of a common-gate FET and a common-source FET directly connected to each drain electrode, is proposed and demonstrated. The doubler is designed and fabricated as a function module. The chip size is only 0.5 mm*0.5 mm, an area about one-tenth that of the previously reported doublers. A conversion loss of 8 dB, a fundamental frequency suppression better than 17 dB, and an input return loss better than 8 dB are obtained in the output frequency range of 6 GHz to 16 GHz. The broadband doubler as a miniaturized MMIC function module can be applicable to small-size oscillator MMICs and multifunction MMICs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Technology Update: Novel barrier remediates chlorinated solvents (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVDepartmentsNEXTTechnology Update: Novel barrier remediates chlorinated solventsKellyn S. BettsCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1998, 32, 21, 495APublication Date (Web):June 8, 2011Publication History Published online8 June 2011Published inissue 1 November 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es9838209https://doi.org/10.1021/es9838209research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views31Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Solvents Get e-Alerts
Functionalization Of Carbon Nanotubes Using Nitric Acid Oxidation And Dbd Plasma (2009)

In this study, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were modified with nitric acid chemically and by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma in an oxygen-based atmosphere. Used carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) floating catalyst method. For removing amorphous carbon and metal catalyst, MWNTs were exposed to dry air and washed with hydrochloric acid. Heating purified CNTs under helium atmosphere caused elimination of acidic functional groups. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) shows formation of oxygen containing groups such as C=O and COOH. Brunauer, Emmett, Teller (BET) analysis revealed that functionalization causes generation of defects on the sidewalls and opening of the ends of CNTs. Results of temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and gas chromatography(GC) indicate that nitric acid treatment create more acidic groups than plasma treatment.
Efficient Algorithm for Automatic Support Structure Generation in Layered Manufacturing (1996)

Abstract Stereolithography is a process used to rapidly produce polymer components directly from a computer representation of a part. There are several considerations to be made for the efficient use of the process. Especially, the necessity of support structures, which prevent the part from warping, sagging, or parachuting and toppling as the elevator moves up and down in the resin, is one concern. After solidification, the support structures must be removed in the end. Thus the more the support structures, the more it increases the finishing operations. Especially for a complicated part, the removal operations may be difficult, take so much time, and even reduce the accuracy of the product. It is, therefore, important to efficiently generate the support structure for each part geometry. This paper proposes a algorithm to automatically generate the support structure focused on accuracy, efficiency, convenience, and generation speed. Besides, we can exactly determine an optimal build-up direction for the minimum volume of support structures.
Identification of Fusion Regulatory Protein (FRP)-1/4F2 Related Molecules: Cytoskeletal Proteins are Associated with FRP-1 Molecules that Regulate Multinucleated Giant Cell Formation of Monocytes and HIV-Induced Cell Fusion. (1995)

Fusion regulatory proteins (FRPs) regulate virus-mediated cell fusion and multinucleated giant cell formation of monocytes. Anti-FRP-1 mAbs immunoprecipitated 80 kDa and 38 kDa proteins from HeLa cells. After long exposure other bands were detected, suggesting the presence of molecule(s) associated with FRP-1. To identify the molecule(s), we prepared monoclonal antibodies against immunoaffinity-purified FRP-1 complex derived from membrane fractions of HeLa cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that these monoclonal antibodies recognized the intracytoplasmic molecules in HeLa cells. Using immunoblotting, the antibodies reacted with 200 kDa, 70 kDa, 55 kDa and 35 kDa molecules, so we designated these molecules as FRP-related molecules (FRMs). Subsequently, we performed gene cloning from a HeLa lambda gt11 cDNA library using anti-FRM mAbs and immunoblotting analysis with either purified cytoskeletal proteins or specific antibodies against various cytoskeletal proteins. Three kinds of positive clone were obtained, which encoded partial sequences of vimentin, tropomyosin, and heat shock cognate protein 70 (hsc70). The 200 kDa molecule was expected to be a myosin heavy chain, judging from the immunoblotting pattern. Immunoblotting confirmed that these purified proteins were readily recognized by anti-FRM mAbs. Furthermore, anti-vimentin and anti-myosin mAbs reacted with the precipitates by anti-FRP-1 mAb, indicating a physical association between FRP-1 molecules and these cytoskeletal proteins. When anti-FRP-1 mAb was added to culture fluids of HeLa cells, the cell-shape and immunofluorescence-pattern stained with anti-FRM mAbs changed. Taken together, the fusion regulatory molecular complex is suggested to consist of at least FRP-1, hsc70, actomyosin and vimentin systems.
SPECIFICITY IN THE ASSEMBLY OF MULTISUBUNIT PROTEINS (1969)

The recoveries of activity in the presence of mixtures of several enzymes and a cellular debris were compared with the recoveries of the pure enzymes. In the acid-dissociation experiments, no interference from foreign proteins was observed nor were any cross hybrids between subunits of different enzymes found. This suggests that the intersubunit binding sites are highly specific and have been selected over evolutionary time for correct assembly. In the urea experiments, cross hybridization and decreased yields were observed in a few cases but in most cases the "foreign" unfolded chains did not influence the recovery of the test enzyme. The results suggest that compartmentalization, temporal or spatial, will not be required as far as assembly of subunits of cytoplasmic enzymes is concerned. The results suggest some cross reaction might occur if all peptide chains were unfolding together. If folding occurs during or immediately after translation, this difficulty would be avoided.
The influence of quantization and fixed point arithmetic upon the BER performance of turbo codes (2003)

The majority of the performance studies of turbo codes presented in the literature to date have assumed the use of floating point arithmetic. However, if fixed point arithmetic is employed, a corresponding degradation in the BER performance of the turbo decoding algorithm is expected. In this paper, the effects of quantization and fixed point arithmetic upon the log-MAP and APRI-SOVA decoding algorithms for a BPSK communication system are quantified via simulation. It is shown that, with proper scaling of the signal prior to quantization, no degradation of the BER performance is incurred with eight-bit quantization, and even four-bit quantization can provide acceptable BER performance.
MUTATION OF BACTERIOPHAGE WITH RESPECT TO TYPE OF PLAQUE (1946)

NLY a few instances of well defined mutation have been described for 0 the bacteriophages. The best known form a class of mutations affecting host range, recently studied by LURIA (1945a, 1g45b), whose papers may be consulted also for mention of the earlier literature.
Facility Location Problem Approach for Distributed Drones (2019)

Currently, industry and academia are undergoing an evolution in developing the next generation of drone applications. Including the development of autonomous drones that can carry out tasks without the assistance of a human operator. In spite of this, there are still problems left unanswered related to the placement of drone take-off, landing and charging areas. Future policies by governments and aviation agencies are inevitably going to restrict the operational area where drones can take-off and land. Hence, there is a need to develop a system to manage landing and take-off areas for drones. Additionally, we proposed this approach due to the lack of justification for the initial location of drones in current research. Therefore, to provide a foundation for future research, we give a justified reason that allows predetermined location of drones with the use of drone ports. Furthermore, we propose an algorithm to optimally place these drone ports to minimize the average distance drones must travel based on a set of potential drone port locations and tasks generated in a given area. Our approach is derived from the Facility Location problem which produces an efficient near optimal solution to place drone ports that reduces the overall drone energy consumption. Secondly, we apply various traveling salesman algorithms to determine the shortest route the drone must travel to visit all the tasks.
Photodegradable Polymers for Biotechnological Applications (2011)

Photodegradable polymers constitute an emerging class of materials that finds numerous applications in biotechnology, biomedicine, and nanoscience. This article highlights some of the emerging applications of photodegradable polymers in the form of homopolymers, particles and self-assembled constructs in solution, hydrogels for tissue engineering, and photolabile polymers for biopatterning applications. Novel photochemistries have been combined with controlled polymerization methods, which result in well-defined photodegradable materials that exhibit light mediated and often controlled fragmentation processes.
Genetic determinants of renal transplant outcome: where do we stand? (2014)

Kidney transplantation has become the preferred method of renal replacement. However, the rate of long term allograft survival has not changed over the last decade. Donor and recipient genetic interplay influences kidney transplant outcome but our knowledge of these complex interactions is limited. Until recently, investigations have been limited to small candidate gene studies, usually restricted to allograft recipients. Genome-wide association studies have been slow to emerge in transplantation but the first has recently been reported and will be reviewed here. Much larger studies involving donor and recipients pairs are ongoing. We are now entering the era of epigenetics and whole genome sequencing which will hopefully provide a more in-depth knowledge of the genetic influences on renal transplant outcome. This may lead to a more accurate assessment of post-transplant risk, potentially allowing for the development of risk predication models leading to a more personalized approach to kidney transplant care. In this article, we examine the current and emerging literature in the field and discuss the limitations of current studies and technologies.
Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor Attenuates Procoagulant Activity and Upregulation of Tissue Factor at the Site of Balloon-Induced Arterial Injury in Pigs (1999)

Intravenous infusion of recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor (rTFPI) for 24 hours decreases neointimal thickening and luminal stenosis 1 month after balloon-induced injury to the carotid arteries in minipigs. This study was designed to determine whether the effect of rTFPI is accounted for by early decreases in procoagulant activity and thrombosis on the injured vessel wall. Vascular injury was induced by balloon hyperinflations in both carotid arteries of anesthetized pigs given no anticoagulant as a control (n=16), an intravenous infusion for 24 hours of rTFPI (0.5 mg/kg bolus and 25 microg. kg(-1). min(-1), n=14), or an intravenous infusion of unfractionated heparin (100 U. kg(-1). h(-1), n=19). Accumulation of radiolabeled autologous platelets was markedly decreased over 24 hours on injured arteries from animals given rTFPI (0.6x10(6)/cm(2)) compared with controls (2.5x10(6)/cm(2), P=0.0004). Deposition of radiolabeled fibrin was also decreased in rTFPI-treated animals (269+/-266 microg/cm(2)) compared with controls (2389+/-1673 microg/cm(2), P=0.04). Similar effects were observed with heparin. However, factor Xa activity, assayed after 24 hours by incubation of the injured arterial segments with the chromogenic substrate S-2222, was decreased more markedly on arteries from rTFPI-treated animals (0.14+/-0.13 OD) than those from heparin-treated animals (0.29+/-0.18 OD) compared with controls (0. 47+/-0.24 OD, P=0.0007). In addition, arteries from rTFPI-treated animals showed a 4-fold lower induction of tissue factor protein compared with controls (P=0.0002). Attenuation of procoagulant activity and tissue factor-mediated thrombin generation in response to injury may account for the promising results with rTFPI in the porcine angioplasty model.