gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Job-searching (1991)

This study examines the effects of social network resources on the following measures of outcomes of job-changes to explain job-matching in labor markets : wages, firm size, position, identification with the company, and job satisfaction. The major purpose of this study is to test Granovetter's weak-tie hypothesis that workers using weak ties are more likely than those using strong ties to have better access to job information or to obtain better jobs. The weak-tie hypothesis was tested using a Japanese sample of male job-changers living in the areas within a 50-kilometer raius of Tokyo.The regression analysis reveals that tie strength has a significant positive effect on the amount of job information workers obtained and some measures of mobility outcomes (controlling for the characteristics of the prior job and background variables). Thus, the weak-tie hypothesis was rejected.The analyses also show that the effects of different social network resources are largely outcome-specific. Network characteristics such as tie strength, contact influence, and the number of intermediaries between a job changer and his current employer affect the amount of job information, which, in turn, affects the level of identification with the firm and job satisfaction. Thus, the amount of job information is considered an important intervening variable connecting between network resources and mobility outcomes. In addition, the cultural factors responsible for the prevalence of strong ties in Japan are discussed.
İbn Rüşd&#039;ün Kelamcılara Dair Metodolojik Eleştirisi (2009)

Averroes is generally renowned for his interpretations and commentaries on Aristotle&#039;s thoughts and works, and his criticisms directed at the criticisms of Gazzali about philosophy. But his criticisms that he directed especially at Ash&#039;arites Theologians have not been mostly taken into consideration. This article deals with the basis of his methodological criticisms that he directed at the Muslim theologians who asserted that they were sole authentic representatives of Islamic thought and the short evaluation of these criticisms.
An exact fast nearest neighbor identification technique (1993)

A novel fast algorithm for the determination, among a M-dimensional set of points, of the neighbor nearest to a given point by using the Euclidean metric space is presented. First, a region which contains the unknown point and at least one neighbor is found by using an ordered search procedure for the unknown point from O/sub i/, i=1,. . .,g reference points. Second, the region found is modified such that the nearest neighbor to the given point will be inside it. The nearest neighbor is then determined at the expense of a small number of distance calculations. The number g and the positions of the reference points are determined properly taking into account the structure of the initial set of points and always keeping the search region to a minimum. The preprocessing load is considered to be moderate. The speed and accuracy of the algorithm are demonstrated experimentally.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Evaluation of chemical and mechanical properties of dental composites (1999)

Composite materials were aged in distilled, deionized water and a solution by volume of 50% distilled, deionized water and 50% ethanol for three mon at 37 degrees C. Also investigated was the effect of aging dental glass filler powder in distilled, deionized water for one, three, six, and ten mon at 2 degrees C, 37 degrees C, and 72 degrees C. Atomic absorption analysis was performed on the aqueous media in which the samples were aged in order to determine the extent of leaching of silicon and strontium. From the leaching rates at various aging temperatures, the activation energies for silicon (10.3-16.4 j/mol) and strontium (57.0-58.4 j/mol) were determined. Aging in the 50% distilled, deionized water and 50% ethanol solution greatly increased the leaching rate of both silicon and strontium, as compared to aging in distilled, deionized water. Glass powder leached far more than the composite materials, due to an increase in exposed surface area, as well as a lack of chemical bonding to a resin matrix or a linked glass network. Temperature greatly increased the leaching rate of both silicon and strontium. Only after ten mon did strontium leach substantially more than silicon. For the dental composites investigated after 3 mon aging, Mode I fracture toughness decreased 57-68% in ethanol and 37-43% in water, and mode II fracture toughness decreased 41-49% in ethanol and 6-11% in water.
Bazedoxifene as a novel GP130 inhibitor for Colon Cancer therapy (2019)

Taken together, these results support bazedoxifene as a novel and effective therapeutic agent targeting IL-11/GP130 signaling for human colorectal cancer therapy.
Carrier: Interference ratios for frequency sharing between satellite systems transmitting frequency modulated and digital television signals (1979)

Results are presented of subjective and quantitative tests describing the results of interference to a particular digital television system from a frequency modulated (FM) television system, and for interference to an FM television system from a digital television system.
Electrosorption of Chromium Ions on Carbon Aerogel Electrodes as a Means of Remediating Ground Water (1997)

An electrically regenerated separation process has been developed for removing unwanted ions from aqueous waste streams as a minimally polluting, energy-efficient, and potentially cost-effective alternative to ion exchange, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, and evaporation. Ground water containing various anions and cations is passed through a stack of carbon aerogel electrodes, each having a very high specific surface area (400−1100 m2 g-1) and exceptionally low electrical resistivity (≤40 mΩ·cm). After polarization of the stack, impurity ions are removed from the electrolyte by the imposed electric field and adsorbed on the electrode surfaces. Field tests have shown that hexavalent chromium in the form of HCrO4-/CrO42-/Cr2O72- can be selectively removed from contaminated ground water with a 530 ppm total dissolved solids (TDS) background. The concentration of Cr(VI) can be lowered from 35 to 2 ppb, well below the acceptable level for the regulatory surface water discharge limit of 11 ppb. The mechanism for Cr(VI) separation involves chemisorption on the carbon aerogel anode, a process that can be reversed by cathodic polarization. Cr(VI) removal is not based upon simple double-layer charging.
Clustering for Data Mining: A Data Recovery Approach (2005)

Often considered more as an art than a science, the field of clustering has been dominated by learning through examples and by techniques chosen almost through trial-and-error. Even the most popular clustering methods--K-Means for partitioning the data set and Ward's method for hierarchical clustering--have lacked the theoretical attention that would establish a firm relationship between the two methods and relevant interpretation aids.Rather than the traditional set of ad hoc techniques, Clustering for Data Mining: A Data Recovery Approach presents a theory that not only closes gaps in K-Mean
Comprehensive and reliable crowd assessment algorithms (2015)

Evaluating workers is a critical aspect of any crowdsourcing system. In this paper, we devise techniques for evaluating workers by finding confidence intervals on their error rates. Unlike prior work, we focus on “conciseness”-that is, giving as tight a confidence interval as possible. Conciseness is of utmost importance because it allows us to be sure that we have the best guarantee possible on worker error rate. Also unlike prior work, we provide techniques that work under very general scenarios, such as when not all workers have attempted every task (a fairly common scenario in practice), when tasks have non-boolean responses, and when workers have different biases for positive and negative tasks. We demonstrate conciseness as well as accuracy of our confidence intervals by testing them on a variety of conditions and multiple real-world datasets.
The Index of Differential-Algebraic Equations and its Significance for the Circuit Simulation (1990)

For quasilinear differential-algebraic equations the index is defined in a geometrical way following S.REICH. An index reducing method is investigated and applied to the circuit equations. In the index-1-case an explicit ordinary differential equation system arises, which slightly modified can be used for the DC-analysis by homotopy, too.
Remote Sensing of Soil Salinization (2008)

Recognized and advocated as a powerful tool, the role of remote sensing in identifying, mapping, and monitoring soil salinity and salinization will continue to expand. Remote Sensing of Soil Salinization: Impact on Land Management delineates how to combine science and geospatial technologies for smart environmental management. Choose the Right Tech
Distinct roles for ADAM10 and ADAM17 in ectodomain shedding of six EGFR ligands (2004)

All ligands of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which has important roles in development and disease, are released from the membrane by proteases. In several instances, ectodomain release is critical for activation of EGFR ligands, highlighting the importance of identifying EGFR ligand sheddases. Here, we uncovered the sheddases for six EGFR ligands using mouse embryonic cells lacking candidate-releasing enzymes (a disintegrin and metalloprotease [ADAM] 9, 10, 12, 15, 17, and 19). ADAM10 emerged as the main sheddase of EGF and betacellulin, and ADAM17 as the major convertase of epiregulin, transforming growth factor alpha, amphiregulin, and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor in these cells. Analysis of adam9/12/15/17-/- knockout mice corroborated the essential role of adam17-/- in activating the EGFR in vivo. This comprehensive evaluation of EGFR ligand shedding in a defined experimental system demonstrates that ADAMs have critical roles in releasing all EGFR ligands tested here. Identification of EGFR ligand sheddases is a crucial step toward understanding the mechanism underlying ectodomain release, and has implications for designing novel inhibitors of EGFR-dependent tumors.
H.263 - video coding recommendation for PSTN videophone and multimedia (1995)

Presents an overview of JTU-T Recommendation H.263. In particular, the operation and impact on quality and bit-rate of the four H.263 Annexes (D, E, F and G) which specify optional enhanced modes of operation are discussed, with supporting results. The effectiveness of the various options is seen to depend upon the type of sequence and the frame rate, making it clear that for optimum performance a real codec must include means to make appropriate decisions about which options to invoke for maximum performance under given operating conditions. Finally, comparisons with H.261 indicate a significant performance gain for H.263, of the order of 2 to 3 dB. (9 pages)
The Properties of <i>n</i>-Pentforane and Its Mixtures with <i>n</i>-Pentane (1950)

A sample of n-pentforane, C5F12, of high purity was made available by the operation of the electrochemical process for the production of fluorocarbons. The physical properties of this material were determined, and a study was made of the two-component, liquid-gas system of it with n-pentane, C5H12. Deviations from Raoult's law were found which were much greater than could be predicted by existing theories for solutions of nonpolar substances. In order to correlate the experimentally determined properties of these mixtures, it was necessary to extend the existing theories. This was done by assuming a new concept of possible significance in solubility relationships. This concept is pictured as the interpenetration of the molecules in the condensed state. For the particular system herein studied the interpenetration between hydrocarbon molecules is much greater than between fluorocarbon molecules, and the interpenetration between the fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon molecules is as small or smaller than that between fluorocarbon molecules. This additional concept has provided a means for correlating the measurements.
Profitability and Competitiveness of the Main Crops Grown under Rain-Fed Sector of Gadarif State, Sudan (2016)

The aim of this study was to examine the profitability and competitiveness of the main crops grown under the rain-fed sector of Gadarif state: sorghum, millet, sesame and groundnuts. The study used both primary and secondary data. Primary data covered the three scale of semi-mechanized farms in the state (small, intermediate and large scale). Primary data on small-scale farmers were collected by means of questionnaire from 175 in Gadarif State, during 2012/2013 season. Primary data on large and intermediate-scale farmers were collected from unpublished records of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Gadarif State. Secondary data were collected from Central Bureau of Statistics and Federal Ministry of Agriculture. Policy analysis matrix was used to reach to the stated objective. Results revealed that, the four grown crops in the study area are proved to be financially and socially profitable despite the discouraging policies. The taxes on domestic input transfer for the four crops and output for groundnuts negatively affects the profitability, competitiveness and comparative advantages of all crops and give fragile results under shocks, except sesame which showed strong results under all conditions. Policy-wise, government should reduce taxes and provide incentives for farmers participating and adopting extension programs. It should also invest on the infrastructure to link farmers to a high value markets. Likewise, they should expand microfinance to cover all farmers.
Graphcut-based interactive segmentation using colour and depth cues (2010)

Segmentation of novel or dynamic objects in a scene, often referred to as background sub-traction or foreground segmentation, is critical for robust high level computer vision applica-tions such as object tracking, object classifica-tion and recognition. However, automatic real-time segmentation for robotics still poses chal-lenges including global illumination changes, shadows, inter-reflections, colour similarity of foreground to background, and cluttered back-grounds. This paper introduces depth cues provided by structure from motion (SFM) for interactive segmentation to alleviate some of these challenges. In this paper, two prevailing interactive segmentation algorithms are com-pared; Lazysnapping [Li et al., 2004] and Grab-cut [Rother et al., 2004], both based on graph-cut optimisation [Boykov and Jolly, 2001]. The algorithms are extended to include depth cues rather than colour only as in the original pa-pers. Results show interactive segmentation based on colour and depth cues enhances the performance of segmentation with a lower er-ror with respect to ground truth. 1
Following Ligand Binding and Ligand Reactions in Proteins via Raman Crystallography (2004)

Raman crystallography permits the monitoring of chemical events in single-protein crystals in real time. Using a Raman microscope, it is possible to obtain protein Raman spectroscopic data of unprecedented quality and stability. The latter features allow us to obtain the Raman spectrum for small molecules soaking into crystals under normal (nonresonance) Raman conditions. Thus, via an approach utilizing Raman difference spectroscopy, we can quantitate the amount of ligand in the crystal, determine the chemistry of inhibitor-protein interactions, and follow chemical reactions in the active site on the time scale of minutes. While providing unique chemical insights, these data also provide an invaluable guide for determining the conditions for flash-freezing crystals for X-ray crystallographic analysis. In addition, the Raman difference spectra often contain contributions from protein modes due to protein conformational changes occurring upon ligand binding. These features allow us to probe events ranging from small cooperative conformational changes to massive and unexpected secondary structure changes in the crystal. An experimental advantage of Raman crystallography is that the data can be collected from crystals in situ, in sitting or hanging drops, under the conditions used to grow the crystals.
Automatic Prefetch and Modulo Scheduling Transformations for the Cell BE Architecture (2009)

Ease of programming is one of the main requirements for the broad acceptance of multicore systems without hardware support for transparent data transfer between local and global memories. Software cache is a robust approach to provide the user with a transparent view of the memory architecture; but this software approach can suffer from poor performance. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical, hybrid software-cache architecture that targets enabling prefetch techniques. Memory accesses are classified at compile time into two classes: high locality and irregular. Our approach then steers the memory references toward one of two specific cache structures optimized for their respective access pattern. The specific cache structures are optimized to enable high-level compiler optimizations to aggressively unroll loops, reorder cache references, and/or transform surrounding loops so as to practically eliminate the software-cache overhead in the innermost loop. The cache design enables automatic prefetch and modulo scheduling transformations. Performance evaluation indicates that optimized software-cache structures combined with the proposed prefetch techniques translate into speedup between 10 and 20 percent. As a result of the proposed technique, we can achieve similar performance on the Cell BE processor as on a modern server-class multicore such as the IBM PowerPC 970MP processor for a set of parallel NAS applications.
Comparison of delirium assessment tools in a mixed intensive care unit* (2009)

ICU physicians underdiagnose delirium in the ICU, which underlines the necessity of standard evaluation in all critically ill patients. In our mixed ICU population, the CAM-ICU had a higher sensitivity than the ICDSC.
Lead‐Free Ferroelectric Potassium Sodium Niobate Thin Films from Solution: Composition and Structure (2011)

Lead‐free potassium sodium niobate ( K 0.5 Na 0.5 ) NbO 3 thin films on Pt (111)/ TiO 2 / SiO 2 / Si substrates have been prepared from the acetate–alkoxide‐based precursor solutions with the stoichiometric composition and with 5 or 10 mol% excess of sodium or potassium acetate. Upon heating to 750°C, the films crystallize in pure perovskite phase. The increasing amount of alkali excess in solutions increases the degree of {100} orientation and it influences the nucleation and growth processes in the films. The microstructure of about 250 nm thick films prepared from the stoichiometric and 5 mol% excess solutions consists of equiaxed grains of about 50 nm across, whereas the grain size in the about 220 nm thick films prepared from the 10 mol% excess solutions is about 200 nm. The energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy revealed that the alkali excess in precursor solutions contributed to a higher level of chemical homogeneity of the films on the micrometer scale. The chemical composition of the films prepared from the 5% potassium‐excess solution was closest to the ( K 0.5 Na 0.5 ) NbO 3 composition among all the samples as a result of more pronounced potassium losses upon heating. These films had the room temperature values of dielectric permittivity, dielectric losses, remnant polarization, and coercive field measured at 1 kHz 610, 0.015, 8 μC/cm 2 , and 80 kV/cm, respectively.
Case 37-2009 (2009)

A 46-year-old woman with chronic kidney disease and a history of deep venous thrombosis presented with swelling of the leg and skin changes. Thickening and erythema of the skin of both legs developed, leading to difficulty walking, sitting, and bending.
Regional cerebral blood volume: A comparison of the dynamic imaging and the steady state methods (1999)

Accurate assessment of regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) is of critical importance in the study of cerebrovascular disease and other disorders of the central nervous system. Currently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is able to measure rCBV non-invasively with two commonly used methods: the dynamic imaging (DI) and steady state (SS) approaches. In this study, two questions were investigated. First, how do partial volume effects between gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) and between epicortical vessels and brain parenchyma affect the estimation of rCBV when using the SS approach? Second, how comparable are the ratios of rCBV in GM to rCBV in WM (rCBV GM/WM) obtained with the two methods? We used a paramagnetic contrast agent, OPTIMARK (Mallinckrodt, St. Louis, MO), at a dose of 0.2 mmol/kg in anesthetized pigs (n = 6) to obtain rCBV maps using both methods. When a 10% rCBV threshold was used to minimize effects from large epicortical vessels, and tissue segmentation was used to separate GM from WM, rCBV values of 4.8 +/- 0.3% and 3.3 +/- 0.5% were obtained for GM and WM, respectively, with the SS approach. Significantly higher rCBV values for both GM (P < 0.001) and WM (P < 0.01) were observed when the contribution from large epicortical vessels was not removed. When tissue segmentation and rCBV thresholding were used on SS data, an rCBV GM/WM ratio of 1.5 +/- 0.2 was obtained. This value did not differ significantly from the rCBV GM/WM ratio of 1.8 +/- 0.6 obtained using the DI approach.
CTLA4Ig treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis (2008)

Inhibiting costimulatory molecule interactions by using CTLA4Ig seems safe in multiple sclerosis (MS), and the immunologic effects suggest that it may be a promising approach to regulate the inflammatory process associated with MS.
Automated high-dimensional flow cytometric data analysis. (2009)

Flow cytometric analysis allows rapid single cell interrogation of surface and intracellular determinants by measuring fluorescence intensity of fluorophore-conjugated reagents. The availability of new platforms, allowing detection of increasing numbers of cell surface markers, has challenged the traditional technique of identifying cell populations by manual gating and resulted in a growing need for the development of automated, high-dimensional analytical methods. We present a direct multivariate finite mixture modeling approach, using skew and heavy-tailed distributions, to address the complexities of flow cytometric analysis and to deal with high-dimensional cytometric data without the need for projection or transformation. We demonstrate its ability to detect rare populations, to model robustly in the presence of outliers and skew, and to perform the critical task of matching cell populations across samples that enables downstream analysis. This advance will facilitate the application of flow cytometry to new, complex biological and clinical problems.
Implementation of Exact Maximum Likelihood Phase Estimators for a Single Real Sinusoid in White Gaussian Noise (2005)

In this Letter, estimation of the phase of a real sinusoid with known frequency in white Gaussian noise is addressed. Based on the Newton-Raphson iterative procedure, two simple realizations of exact maximum likelihood phase estimators for known and unknown amplitude are devised. Computer simulations are included to contrast the performance of the proposed algorithms with the approximate maximum likelihood estimate as well as Cramer-Rao lower bound for different phase values and signal-to-noise ratios.
Clinical Trial of Daily Low‐Dose Oral Etoposide for Patients with Residual or Recurrent Cancer of the Ovary or Uterus (1995)

These findings indicate that long-term, low-dose oral etoposide was effective for and well-tolerated by patients with refractory or recurrent carcinoma of the ovary or uterus.