gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sulfamic acid and its N-substituted derivatives (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSulfamic acid and its N-substituted derivativesG. Anthony Benson and William J. SpillaneCite this: Chem. Rev. 1980, 80, 2, 151–186Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60324a002https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60324a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views38326Altmetric-Citations100LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A British Medical Association Lecture ON THE EXPERIMENTAL INQUIRY INTO THE CAUSES OF CANCER (1923)

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An Adaptive Tourniquet for Improved Safety in Surgery (1982)

The increasingly recognized inability of the current generation of pneumatic tourniquets to control pressure with adequate accuracy, reliability, and stability has been associated with continuing reports of tourniquet-related injuries, incidents, and hazards. Moreover, the labor-intensiveness and operating costs associated with the use of current types of pneumatic tourniquets have significant cost implications for hospitals. To a large extent, the recent development of a microprocessor-based tourniquet capable of safely and accurately maintaining a desired pressure, and capable of simultaneously performing other functions such as detection of alarm conditions, has reduced these hazards and operating-cost implications. Furthermore, the availability of a microprocessor-based tourniquet has facilitated the development of the adaptive tourniquet described in this paper, in which the pressure in a tourniquet cuff is changed throughout a surgical procedure as a function of the patient's changing intraoperative systolic pressure, thus approximating the minimum safe pressure necessary to maintain a bloodless field for surgery. While the use of an adaptive tourniquet, rather than just a microprocessor-based tourniquet set at a constant pressure may not be necessary in most cases, it promises to have significant value in certain surgical procedures and for patients who may be at greater risk of tourniquet-induced complications. Also, the lower average pressures possible through the use of an adaptive tourniquet may permit the evolution of surgical techniques of longer duration without a concomitant increase in the risk of tourniquet-induced complications.
Computer prediction of peptide maps: assignment of polypeptides to human and mouse mitochondrial DNA genes by analysis of two-dimensional-proteolytic digest gels. (1986)

We have prepared a computer program that predicts complete and partial peptide maps from amino acid sequences. The program fragments amino acid sequences at designated cleavage sites and calculates the molecular weight and relative labeling of each peptide. These data are graphed as log molecular weight of the original protein (X-axis) vs. log molecular weight of the component peptides (Y-axis). The program is interactive, permitting adjustment of a number of graphic parameters and alteration of the position of proteins in the first dimension to accommodate aberrations in protein mobility. The program has been used to predict the V8 protease peptide maps of the 13 open reading frames (ORFs) identified in the human and the mouse mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences. The results were compared to the V8 protease peptide maps obtained for mouse and human mitochondrially synthesized proteins by two-dimensional proteolytic digest gels. A high correlation was observed between the predicted and observed peptide maps. These results suggest the assignment of several proteins to mtDNA genes.
Rapid in vivo evolution of a β-lactamase using phagemids (2000)

RNA viruses are capable of undergoing extremely rapid evolution due to their high rates of reproduction, small genome size, and a high frequency of spontaneous mutagenesis. Here we demonstrate that a virus-like, evolutionary state can be created by propagating a phagemid population in a hypermutator strain of Escherichia coli in the presence of a helper phage. This enables one to subject individual phagemid-encoded genes to rapid in vivo evolution. We applied this approach to TEM-1 beta-lactamase which confers resistance to 0.05 mg/L of the antibiotic cefotaxime. After 3 weeks of in vivo evolution we were able to isolate a double mutant, E104K/G238S, of the enzyme which confers a 500-fold increased level of resistance to cefotaxime compared to the starting enzyme. In two independent experiments we obtained a triple mutant, E104K/G238S/T263M, which confers a 1000-fold increase in resistance compared to the wild type enzyme. The same three mutations have been previously observed in TEM-4 beta-lactamase which was discovered in a highly cefotaxime-resistant clinical isolate. The probability of randomly obtaining a beta-lactamase carrying three identical point mutations is less than 10(-10). This indicates that phagemid evolution can rapidly reproduce evolution occurring in nature.
Characterization of the IgA receptor from human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. (1988)

Human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) will phagocytose yeasts opsonized with specific affinity-purified human serum IgA. PMNs also bind to Sepharose beads coated with IgA or IgG, but not to beads coated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Binding to IgA-Sepharose stimulates the cells to release lysozyme. Affinity chromatography of 125I-labelled PMN membrane proteins on IgA-Sepharose results in isolation of a polypeptide of apparent 60,000 MW. The protein, which is not bound to IgG-Sepharose under the same conditions, appears as a diffuse band on SDS-PAGE, suggesting it is heavily glycosylated.
Using if-then-else DAGs for multi-level logic minimization (1989)

This article describes the use of if-then-else dags for multi-level logic minimization. A new canonical form for if-then-else dags, analogous to Bryant&apos;s canonical form for binary decision diagrams (bdds), is introduced. Two-cuts are defined for binary decision diagrams, and a relationship is exhibited between general if-then-else expressions and the two-cuts of a bdd for the same function. The canonical form is based on representing the lowest non-trivial two-cut in the corresponding bdd, instead of the highest two-cut, as in Bryant&apos;s canonical form. The definitions of prime and irredundant expressions are extended to if-then-else dags.
Requirements for the adoptive transfer of antibody responses to a priming antigen in man. (1990)

Abstract Antibody responses to recall vaccines can be adoptively transferred after marrow transplantation in man. Transfer of responses to priming Ag has not been successful, although this would broaden the range of organisms to which recipients could be protected. To investigate the importance of T cells and Ag in such transfer we primed marrow donors with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) 1 or 3 wk before marrow harvesting. B cells secreting IgM and IgG anti-KLH antibody were present in donor marrow at both 1 and 3 wk after immunization. After T cell depletion, donor marrow was infused into chemo-irradiated recipients, half of whom were immunized pretransplant with KLH. We found no evidence for the transfer of the IgM component of the response. Clonal expansion of the transferred IgG antibody-secreting cells with a corresponding rise in recipient serum IgG antibody levels was seen only when donors were primed 3 wk before marrow harvest and when the recipients were also immunized. IEF and immunoblotting demonstrated that successful transfer coincided with maturation of the IgG primary response from a polyclonal to an oligoclonal pattern and confirmed that donor oligoclonal bands appeared in the recipient serum. We conclude that the immunization protocols required for the transfer of antibody responses to priming Ag reflect the initial dependence of unprimed B cells on T cell help and on prolonged Ag stimulation. Ag-stimulated primary B cells in T cell-depleted marrow respond only to the noncognate growth and differentiation signals available in the chemo-irradiated recipient after an initial period of clonal selection and expansion in the donor which is both T cell and Ag dependent. Even after this initial selection, continued expansion of antibody-secreting clones in recipients retains an absolute dependence on Ag stimulation. Immunization techniques to protect transplant recipients against organisms such as Pseudomonas and CMV may need to be modified accordingly.
Review on Clinical Trials of Black Seed (Nigella sativa ) and Its Active Constituent, Thymoquinone (2017)

Some effects of <i>N. sativa</i>, such as its hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and bronchodilatory effects, have been sufficiently studied and are sufficiently understood to allow for the next phase of clinical trials or drug developments. However, most of its other effects and applications require further clinical and animal studies.
Efficient worst case analysis of integrated circuits (2002)

A simple, accurate and inexpensive approach to worst case analysis of integrated circuits is presented. The approach may be applied to either known process statistics or a database of candidate simulation points.
Assessment of Systolic and Diastolic Function in Asymptomatic Subjects Using Ambulatory Monitoring With Acoustic Cardiography (2011)

The nocturnal increase of S4 in the elderly reflects diastolic impairment-likely a result of changes in diastolic filling patterns with increasing age. An S3 after the age of 40 is a relatively uncommon finding and therefore should be a specific sign of cardiac disease. Continuous monitoring of diastolic heart sounds and systolic time intervals is possible using acoustic cardiography.
PDGF receptor signaling networks in normal and cancer cells (2014)

For about four decades, platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF) and their receptors have been the subject of intense research, revealing their roles in embryo development and human diseases. Drugs such as imatinib, which selectively inhibit the tyrosine kinase activity of these receptors, have been approved for the treatment of cancers such as gastrointestinal stromal tumors and chronic eosinophilic leukemia. Today, the interest in these factors is still increasing in relationship with new potential clinical applications in cancer, stroke, fibrosis and infectious diseases. This review focuses on the mechanisms of PDGF receptor signaling, with an emphasis on pathways that are important for disease development. Of particular interest, recent studies revealed significant differences between normal and cancer cells regarding signal transduction by these growth factors.
Focusing Grating Couplers in Unmodified 180-nm Silicon-on-Insulator CMOS (2014)

The design and demonstration of photonic grating couplers with improved efficiencies monolithically integrated in IBM's 7RF silicon-on-insulator (SoI) complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology offering are reported. The grating couplers are fabricated using two standard layers available in 7RF SoI CMOS, where focusing circular grating structures and a small-footprint tapered slab are fabricated on the poly-silicon and crystalline-silicon (c-Si) layers, respectively. The coupling efficiencies for 1.3- and 1.55- <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu{\rm m}$</tex></formula> grating couplers are measured to be <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${-}{\rm 2.8}$</tex></formula> and <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">${-}{\rm 3.8}~{\rm dB}$</tex></formula> , respectively. These results are at least <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$2\times$</tex></formula> more efficient than the best previously reported grating couplers in this technology, which were fabricated using c-Si layers only. Furthermore, the devices exhibit 1-dB bandwidths of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${\sim}{40}$</tex></formula> and 52 nm for 1.3 and <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">${\rm 1.55}~\mu{\rm m}$</tex></formula> , respectively.
Electro-optic polymer integrated optic devices for space applications (2000)

Recent developments in electro-optic polymer materials and devices have led to new opportunities for integrated optic devices in space environments. The results of numerous tests have indicated that polymer materials have many properties that are suitable to be used in space. These results coupled with recent advances in device and material technology will allow very large bandwidth modulators and switches with drive voltages less than 1 V. At IPITEK, we have already designed and fabricated new polymeric modulators with halfwave voltages less than 0.8 V and a halfwave voltage-interaction product of 2.2 V-cm. The low drive voltage allows electro-optic modulators and switches to be driven directly by high-speed logic devices without the use of broadband amplifiers.
Os(phen)<sub>2</sub>dppz<sup>2+</sup> in Photoinduced DNA-Mediated Electron Transfer Reactions (1996)

The photoinduced electron transfer chemistry between Os(phen)2dppz2+ and Rh(phi)2bpy3+ bound to DNA has been characterized. Os(phen)2dppz2+ serves as an isostructural analogue for Ru(phen)2dppz2+ with a red-shifted emission spectrum, access to a 3+ oxidation state which is stabilized by ∼500 mV relative to the ruthenium complex, and excited-state lifetimes below 10 ns in the presence of DNA. Emission from Δ-Os(phen)2dppz2+ bound to calf thymus DNA is efficiently quenched by Δ-Rh(phi)2bpy3+, and a lower limit for the quenching constant is set at 7 × 109 s-1. The quenching profile over a range of quencher concentrations is found to be remarkably similar to that of the ruthenium analogue, despite an increase of ∼200 mV in ΔG for the photoinduced, forward electron transfer reaction. Such an observation may indicate the importance of the HOMO energy in the donor excited state, which is similar for both donors. Owing to the lack of spectral overlap between Os(phen)2dppz2+ emission and Rh(phi)2bpy3+ absorption, energy transfer does not contribute to the observed quenching, and therefore, on the basis of the similarity in quenching profiles for the osmium and ruthenium donors, we can also rule out energy transfer in the photoinduced quenching of intercalated Ru(phen)2dppz2+ by Rh(phi)2bpy3+. Moreover, diffusional processes are found not to contribute to quenching, since the faster intrinsic excited state of the osmium complex compared to ruthenium does not lead to a reduction in quenching efficiency. Transient absorption measurements on the microsecond time scale furthermore reveal a transient signal for this electron transfer process, and this transient intermediate has been assigned to the oxidized donor (Os(III)) on the basis of full spectral characterization and comparison to chemical oxidation of Os(II).
Strategic Planning Activities of the American Medical Informatics Association (1994)

The American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) has begun the process of long-range strategic plan development. The AMIA Board of Directors established an Ad Hoc Strategic Planning Task Force, with the goal of initiating such planning in November 1992. In January 1993, the Task Force convened a group of AMIA members in order to develop an initial set of goals and objectives. The group consisted of past and present AMIA Board members, AMIA Committee chairpersons, representative AMIA Working Group chairpersons, the AMIA Executive Director and members of the AMIA office staff, and a number of AMIA members-at-large. The group created a draft strategic plan, which was refined by the Task Force after circulation among two focus groups and through a mailing to the AMIA membership. This report of the AMIA strategic planning process is intended to create a historical record and to stimulate further discussion of a working plan that will evolve over time. AMIA will continue the strategic planning process through its Ad Hoc Strategic Planning Committee as it begins to implement aspects of the strategic plan over the next several years.
Cloning of a gene encoding thermostable cellobiohydrolase from the thermophilic fungus<i>Chaetomium thermophilum</i>and its expression in<i>Pichia pastoris</i> (2009)

This CBH offers an interesting potential in saccharification steps in both cellulose enzymatic conversion and alcohol production.
Properties of InGaN Films Grown by Reactive Sputtering (2010)

InGaN films were grown on (0001) sapphire substrates by reactive sputtering in nitrogen plasma, using a GaAs wafer and a pure indium target. It was found that In, Ga, As, and N atoms adsorb on the substrate and react with each other to form an InGaNAs film at a low substrate temperature. With increasing the substrate temperature to 550 °C, the arsenic atoms in the grown layer are completely desorbed, forming the InGaN film. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the lattice constant for the c -axis obtained from the (0002) diffraction peak of the InGaN films decreases linearly with an increase in Ga composition, obeying Vegard's law. Optical analysis revealed that the InGaN films have a direct band gap structure as InN and GaN and the band gap energy of the InGaN films can be tailored by varying the area ratio of the GaAs wafer to the indium target.
Integrating open hypermedia systems with the World Wide Web (1997)

Research on open hypermedia systems (OHSS) has been conducted since the late Eighties [10]. These systems employ a variety of techniques to provide hypermedia services to a diverse range of applications. The World Wide Web is the largest distributed hypermedia system in use and was developed largely independent of the research in OHSS. The popularity of the Web along with problems inherent in its design has motivated OHS researchers to integrate their systems with it. This research has primarily focused on enhancing the functionality of the Web via the services of an OHS. This paper presents three experiments exploring the integration of the Chimera OHS with the Web. While one of the experiments indeed describes work which enhances the Web, the other two investigate ways in which the Web can beneficially enhance an OHS. The paper concludes with a call for both communities to continue research which focuses on integration.
ERK5 Activity Is Required for Nerve Growth Factor-induced Neurite Outgrowth and Stabilization of Tyrosine Hydroxylase in PC12 Cells (2009)

Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) play important physiological roles in proliferation, differentiation, and gene expression. ERK5 is approximately twice the size of ERK1/2, and its amino-terminal half contains the kinase domain that shares homology with ERK1/2 and TEY activation motif, whereas the carboxyl-terminal half is unique. In this study, we examined a physiological role of ERK5 in rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12), comparing it with ERK1/2. Nerve growth factor (NGF) induced phosphorylation of both ERK5 and ERK1/2, whereas the cAMP analog dibutyryl cAMP (Bt(2)cAMP) caused only ERK1/2 phosphorylation. U0126, at 30 mum, that blocks ERK1/2 signaling selectively attenuated neurite outgrowth induced by NGF and Bt(2)cAMP, but BIX02188 and BIX02189, at 30 mum, that block ERK5 signaling and an ERK5 dominant-negative mutant suppressed only NGF-induced neurite outgrowth. Next, we examined the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme of catecholamine biosynthesis. Both NGF and Bt(2)cAMP increased tyrosine hydroxylase gene promoter activity in an ERK1/2-dependent manner but was ERK5-independent. However, when both ERK5 and ERK1/2 signalings were inhibited, tyrosine hydroxylase protein up-regulation by NGF and Bt(2)cAMP was abolished, because of the loss of stabilization of tyrosine hydroxylase protein by ERK5. Taking these results together, ERK5 is involved in neurite outgrowth and stabilization of tyrosine hydroxylase in PC12 cells, and ERK5, along with ERK1/2, plays essential roles in the neural differentiation process.
Multicenter study of first‐trimester screening for trisomy 21 in 75 821 pregnancies: results and estimation of the potential impact of individual risk‐orientated two‐stage first‐trimester screening (2005)

First-trimester combined screening for trisomy 21 is associated with a detection rate of about 90% for a false-positive rate of 5%. Individual risk-orientated two-stage screening for trisomy 21 can potentially identify, in the first trimester of pregnancy, more than 90% of affected fetuses for a false-positive rate of 2-3%.
Isolation and Culture of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (2003)

The vascular endothelium was, in the past, considered to be relatively pas- sive, merely acting as a filter between the blood and the vessel wall. It is now clear that endothelial cells actively contribute to the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Endothelial cells synthesize and secrete activators as well as inhibitors of both the coagulation system and the fibrinolysis system, and mediators that influence the adhesion and aggregation of blood platelets. They also release molecules that control cell proliferation and modulate vessel wall tone (1-3) Many of these, and other, processes can be studied in vitro using cultured cells, and umbilical veins are the most readily available source of human vascular endothelial cells. The method described here is based on that of Jaffe et al. (4, 5) and yields primary cultures that contain 95-98% endothelial cells and >98% after the first passage. Contaminating cells in primary cultures are not smooth muscle (if the procedure has been followed correctly), as can be demonstrated by examining the level of staining with antibody to smooth muscle α-actin, but may include monocytes/macrophages at a very low level.
Detection and identification of mycobacteria in sputum from suspected tuberculosis patients (2010)

The sensitivity of the multiplex PCR reverse cross blot hybridization assay comparing to culture method was 86.03%, the specificity is 35.46%, the positive predictive value was 41.94% and the negative predictive value was 82.41%. For conventional multiplex PCR these values are 81.62%, 38.65%, 41.89%, 79.51%, respectively. Furthermore, in terms of mycobacteria species detection, the conventional multiplex PCR was relatively equal compared to the multiplex PCR reverse cross blot hybridization assay, and to be particularly having no significant discrepant results on the identification of Mycobacteria tuberculosis in both methods.