gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glycocalyx modulation is a physiological means of regulating cell adhesion (2000)

Here we present experimental evidence that phagocytic cells use modulation of specific components of their glycocalyx to regulate their binding capacity. Particles coated with antibodies specific for the CD32 medium affinity IgG receptor were driven along human monocytic THP-1 cells (expressing CD32) in a flow chamber operated at low shear rate. Surprisingly, only minimal adhesion was observed. However, when cells were activated by exposure to fibronectin-coated surfaces and/or soluble &ggr; interferon, adhesion efficiency was dramatically increased, whereas the apparent glycocalyx thickness displayed 20% decrease, and the surface density of CD43/leukosialin carbohydrate epitopes displayed 30-40% decrease on activated cells. The existence of a causal link between adhesion increase and glycocalyx alteration was strongly supported by the finding that (i) both phenomena displayed similar kinetics, (ii) an inverse relationship between THP-1 cell binding capacity and glycocalyx density was demonstrated at the individual cell level, and (iii) adhesion enhancement could not be ascribed to an increased binding site density or improved functional capacity of activated cells. Additional experiments revealed that cell-to-particle adhesion resulted in delayed (i.e. more than a few minutes) egress of CD43/leukosialin from contact areas. Since the time scale of particle attachment was less than a second, surface mobility should not affect the potential of CD43 to impair the initial step of adhesion. Finally, studies performed with fluorescent lectins suggested that THP-1 cell activation and increased adhesive potential were related to a decrease of O-glysosylation rather than N-glycosylation of surface glycoproteins.
Cell culture labfax (1992)

Cell lines - characteristics of widely used cell lines initiation and maintenance of cultures - typical calculations, culture of specialized cells, growth equations cell counting - typical calculations from Coulter counter and haemocytometer production and maintenance of hybridomas - mice strains, fusion partners, fusiogens, immunization, selection media reference data techniques for characterizing culture parameters - hymidine labelling, autobiography, immunohistochemistry, staining, chromosome spreads/analysis, DNA fingerprinting cell separation - reference to widely used techniques cell cloning - commonly used vectors media formulations - for growth,maintenance and cell selection serum/serum-free formulations - recipes and growth promoting characteristics cryopreservation - solutions used, liquid nitrogen storage buffers used for cell maintenance microcarriers - characteristics of those available for cell growth growth factors - availability for use in cell cultures - characteristics for growth promotion analysis of culture media - reference to methods for the determination of the major components in media products from cells in culture - characteristics of those routinely produced and their commercial value equipment for cell culture - growth vessels, fermenters, incubators safety aspects of handling cells terms used in cell culture - glossary of terminology commercial suppliers professional bodies.
Inhibition of clot-bound and free (fluid-phase thrombin) by a novel synthetic thrombin inhibitor (Ro 46-6240), recombinant hirudin and heparin in human plasma (1994)

Clot-bound thrombin remains active and is less accessible to heparin-antithrombin III than fluid-phase thrombin. To determine whether clot-bound human thrombin is more susceptible to inactivation by direct thrombin inhibitors, the activity of a novel synthetic competitive thrombin inhibitor Ro 46-6240, recombinant hirudin and unfractionated heparin were compared with fluid-phase thrombin and clot-bound thrombin. Fibrinopeptide A generated in human plasma was used as an index of thrombin activity. Hirudin was the most potent inhibitor of fluid-phase and clot-bound thrombin. However, Ro 46-6240 inhibited clot-bound thrombin three times more potently than fluid-phase thrombin (IC50 19 vs 56 ng/ml) while hirudin was two times (IC50 8 vs 3 ng/ml) and heparin six times (IC50 1,205 vs 200 ng/ml) less active against clot-bound thrombin compared with fluid-phase thrombin. The relative selectivity for clot-bound thrombin is not a unique property of Ro 46-6240 since two other synthetic thrombin inhibitors tested inhibited clot-bound thrombin more effectively than fluid-phase thrombin and a third was equally active against both forms of thrombin. In contrast, the affinities of two chromogenic substrates were similar for both forms of thrombin. This study shows that direct thrombin inhibitors inhibit clot-bound thrombin more potently than heparin and suggests that an apparent selectivity for clot-bound thrombin can be achieved with some synthetic thrombin inhibitors. Further studies have to show whether the high potency of these direct thrombin inhibitor translates into antithrombotic efficacy in clinical situations with pre-existing clots.
A dynamic model of an a-Si:H photoconductive sensor (1991)

A dynamic model of an a-Si:H photoconductive sensor under a pulse driven condition is proposed. In this model, it is assumed that a high rate of recombination at the interface between a-Si:H and the substrate occurs due to hole drift along the interface when a driving voltage is applied between the electrodes. Calculated results agree with experimental results to an accuracy of 10%. It is shown that the localized state density of the bulk a-Si:H is one of the dominant factors determining the photoresponse of the a-Si:H photoconductive sensor under a pulse driven condition, and that the minimum photoresponse time of this sensor is about 5 ms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Intravenous pamidronate reduces osteoporosis and improves formation of the regenerate during distraction osteogenesis (2001)

We examined the effect on bone mineral density (BMD) of a single dose of 3 mg/kg of the bisphosphonate, pamidronate (Novartis) in distraction osteogenesis in immature rabbits. Seventeen rabbits (9 control, 8 given pamidronate) were examined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. There was a significant increase in the BMD in the pamidronate group compared with the control animals. The mean areal BMD (g/cm2) in the bone proximal and distal to the regenerate was increased by 40% and 39%, respectively, compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The BMD of the regenerate bone was increased by a mean of 43% (p < 0.05). There was an increase of 22% in the mean area of regenerate formed in the pamidronate group (p < 0.05). Histological examination of bone in nine rabbits (5 control, 4 pamidronate) showed an increase in osteoblastic rimming and mineralisation of the regenerate, increased formation of bone around the pin sites and an increase in the cortical width of the bone adjacent to the regenerate in the rabbits given pamidronate. Pamidronate had a markedly positive effect. It reduced the disuse osteoporosis normally associated with lengthening using an external fixator and increased the amount and density of the regenerate bone. Further study is required to examine the mechanical properties of the regenerate after the administration of pamidronate.
Resolving the problem of persistence in the switch from acute to chronic inflammation (2007)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Spatial light modulator with an over-two-octave bandwidth from ultraviolet to near infrared (2007)

We developed a 1-pixel ultraviolet-to-near-infrared (UV-to-NIR) liquid-crystal spatial light modulator (LC-SLM) and clarified its phase modulation properties in detail, for the first time to our knowledge. The employed liquid crystal is transparent over 260-1100 nm. A phase modulation capability of 55.8 rad at 305 nm and 14.0 rad at 1000 nm is enough to compensate for UV-to-NIR nonlinear chirped pulses. The LC-SLM driving parameters of a period T=13 ms and an applied voltage V(DD)=7.0 V were determined. The 648-pixel extension of this new device will permit us to realize the high-power generation of single subcycle optical pulses and the direct UV-to-NIR pulse shaping.
Photodynamic Therapy for <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> Burn Infections in Mice (2009)

Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections represent a growing problem, especially in traumatic wounds and burns suffered by military personnel injured in Middle Eastern conflicts. Effective treatment with traditional antibiotics can be extremely difficult, and new antimicrobial approaches are being investigated. One of these alternatives to antimicrobials could be the combination of nontoxic photosensitizers (PSs) and visible light, known as photodynamic therapy (PDT). We report on the establishment of a new mouse model of full-thickness thermal burns infected with a bioluminescent derivative of a clinical Iraqi isolate of A. baumannii and its PDT treatment by topical application of a PS produced by the covalent conjugation of chlorin(e6) to polyethylenimine, followed by illumination of the burn surface with red light. Application of 10(8) A. baumannii cells to the surface of 10-s burns made on the dorsal surface of shaved female BALB/c mice led to chronic infections that lasted, on average, 22 days and that were characterized by a remarkably stable bacterial bioluminescence. PDT carried out on day 0 soon after application of the bacteria gave over 3 log units of loss of bacterial luminescence in a light exposure-dependent manner, while PDT carried out on day 1 and day 2 gave an approximately 1.7-log reduction. The application of PS dissolved in 10% or 20% dimethyl sulfoxide without light gave only a modest reduction in the bacterial luminescence from mouse burns. Some bacterial regrowth in the treated burn was observed but was generally modest. It was also found that PDT did not lead to the inhibition of wound healing. The data suggest that PDT may be an effective new treatment for multidrug-resistant localized A. baumannii infections.
Effective Modulation of the Donor Properties of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands by “Through-Space” Communication within a Planar Chiral Scaffold (2007)

A high yielding approach to planar chiral carbene ligands is described, in which an imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-3-ylidene unit is embedded into a cyclophane scaffold. As evident from the IR data of the corresponding rhodium complex 18 as the parent member of this family, these new ligands turned out to be exceptionally strong electron donors, rivaling or even outperforming the other diamino-stabilized five-membered N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) known to date. If the remote ring of the cyclophane is substituted by four fluorine atoms, however, the donor capacity is significantly reduced by the through-space interaction of the tetrafluorobenzene moiety with the underneath carbene entity. Since X-ray data suggest that the steric demand of the fluorinated and the nonfluorinated cyclophane-2-ylidenes are virtually identical, these results illustrate that the electronic properties of an NHC ligand can be tuned over a wide range without the need to change its constitution or steric attributes. The synthesis route leading to the planar chiral imidazopyridinium salts serving as the immediate carbene precursors involves a previously unrecognized 6π-electrocyclic ring opening reaction upon exposure of the pyridine-N-oxide 12 to N,N-dimethyl-carbamoyl chloride and TMSCN, as evident from the crystal structure analysis of the resulting azatriene adduct 13.
Remote Substituents Controlling Catalytic Polymerization by Very Active and Robust Neutral Nickel(<scp>II</scp>) Complexes (2004)

Remote control: Substituents strongly affect the catalytic properties of complexes 1 in ethylene polymerization, despite their remoteness from the active center. An appropriate substitution pattern provides very active and robust catalysts. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z52062_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Invisible Marker: Automatic Annotation of Segmentation Masks for Object Manipulation (2019)

We propose a method to annotate segmentation masks accurately and automatically using invisible marker for object manipulation. Invisible marker is invisible under visible (regular) light conditions, but becomes visible under invisible light, such as ultraviolet (UV) light. By painting objects with the invisible marker, and by capturing images while alternately switching between regular and UV light at high speed, massive annotated datasets are created quickly and inexpensively. We show a comparison between our proposed method and manual annotations. We demonstrate semantic segmentation for deformable objects including clothes, liquids, and powders under controlled environmental light conditions. In addition, we show demonstrations of liquid pouring tasks under uncontrolled environmental light conditions in complex environments such as inside the office, house, and outdoors. Furthermore, it is possible to capture data while the camera is in motion so it becomes easier to capture large datasets, as shown in our demonstration.
Manual Controls for High-Dimensional Data Projections (1997)

Abstract Projections of high-dimensional data onto low-dimensional subspaces provide insightful views for understanding multivariate relationships. This article discusses how to manually control the variable contributions to the projection. The user has control of the way a particular variable contributes to the viewed projection and can interactively adjust the variable's contribution. These manual controls complement the automatic views provided by a grand tour, or a guided tour, and give greatly improved flexibility to data analysts.
Length Separation of Fibers (1994)

Abstract A classifier for separating conductive fibers according to length using dielectrophoresis has been developed and tested. The classifier consisted of two concentric steel cylinders with an annular space having a width of 3.18 mm. A high-voltage alternating field applied between the cylinders caused fibers to drift to the central cylinder. In these experiments, chrysotile fibers were generated from a fluidized bed generator and collected on the central cylinder in the classifier. Fibers collected on the central cylinder were washed off from ten equal length segments and sized by transmission electron microscopy. The median lengths of classified groups of fibers ranged from 8 to 31 μm. The length distributions of these fibers had coefficients of variation ranging from 0.17 to 0.33. The quantity of classified fibers was limited by the aerosol flow rate, which in the current system was 2.13 L/min (total flow rate through the classifier was 5.35 L/min). Limitations in the classification process prevent increasing the fiber throughput significantly except by increasing the concentration of the challenge aerosol. Fiber conductivity is important for accurate classification, but can be readily achieved for fibers of low bulk conductivity by using high humidity air in the classifier.
A Comparison of Antiarrhythmic-Drug Therapy with Implantable Defibrillators in Patients Resuscitated from Near-Fatal Ventricular Arrhythmias (1997)

Among survivors of ventricular fibrillation or sustained ventricular tachycardia causing severe symptoms, the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator is superior to antiarrhythmic drugs for increasing overall survival.
OPTIMUM INTENSITY OF EXERCISE FOR FAT OXIDATION 1130 (1997)

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum intensity of exercise for fat oxidation. Eight women and 6 men (age: 25±1 yr; height: 173±3 cm; weight: 67.4±2.7 kg;% fat: 14.9±1.9; VO2max: 46.5±3.0) volunteered for this study. Subjects completed a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer to measure VO2max. Work bouts equivalent to 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80%VO2max were completed on a separate day. Each bout lasted 8 minutes, with approximately 5-min rest between bouts. Pulmonary gas exchange and end tidal CO2 (ET CO2) were measured continuously. A blood sample for lactate (LA) was obtained 2 minutes following each bout. The respiratory exchange ratio (RER), averaged over the last 3-4 minutes of each bout, was used with VO2 to calculate the rate of fat oxidation based on data from Zuntz. Data (Mean±SEM) follow: Table Fat oxidation increased until 60%VO2max, followed by decreases at both 70 and 80%VO2max. The RER values at 70 and 80%VO2max were influenced by the decrease in whole-body CO2 stores, making the calculated decrease in fat oxidation greater than it really was. The magnitude of the difference in fat oxidation between 40 and 70%VO2max was small, suggesting that the optimum intensity of exercise for fat oxidation can be represented by a broad range of values. This range of exercise intensities is consistent with recommendations for making improvements in VO2max as well as in maintaining fat balance.
Real-World Experience with Nintedanib in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2018)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Nintedanib, an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been shown to slow down the progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in two randomised placebo-controlled trials by reducing the annual decline in forced vital capacity (FVC). However, real-world experience is limited. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To assess the efficacy and safety of nintedanib in a large cohort of patients treated at a tertiary referral site for interstitial lung diseases. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The records of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of IPF were reviewed. Full medical history, pulmonary function, and adverse events (AEs) were recorded from each clinic visit. Disease progression was defined as a reduction in FVC ≥5% and/or in diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide ≥15% according to recent publications. Only patients with a treatment duration ≥3 months were included in the efficacy evaluation. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 64 patients were treated. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) FVC was 71 ± 21% predicted, and the mean time from diagnosis to initiation of nintedanib treatment was 23.8 months. Nearly half of patients (<i>n</i> = 30, 47%) had received prior pirfenidone treatment. The mean duration of follow-up was 11 months. At 6 months following initiation of nintedanib, 67% of the patients were stable. The mean ± SD change in percent predicted FVC from baseline was 0.2 ± 7.8% at 3 months, –1.3 ± 7.9% at 6 months, and –2.1 ± 9% at 9 months. Diarrhoea was the most common AE experienced by 33% of patients and was generally manageable. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The results from this real-world clinical setting support findings from previously conducted clinical trials and show that nintedanib is effective for the management of IPF and is associated with disease stabilisation. Nintedanib is generally well tolerated.
Application of a connected‐voxel algorithm to MR angiographic data (1991)

A connected-voxel algorithm (CVA) that improves the contrast and conspicuity of blood vessels in maximum-intensity-projection (MIP) magnetic resonance (MR) angiography is described. Images from a variety of anatomic regions in healthy volunteers were calculated with either an MIP procedure alone or with data that had first been processed with the CVA. A low-signal-intensity threshold is first applied to separate groups of voxels associated with different vessels from one another and to eliminate the contribution from low-intensity stationary material. The remaining voxels are grouped by a connectivity criterion into discrete "objects." Vessels are represented by extended objects, and small objects are discarded. The CVA, therefore, reduces the full three-dimensional data set into a small number of discrete objects. It is a powerful technique that can be used to remove signal from vessels overlying the vessel of interest, to separate objects representing arterial flow from those representing venous flow, to eliminate flow artifact from projection images, and to more completely retain signal within the vascular lumen. This technique has been successfully demonstrated with MR angiography in healthy volunteers.
Heterogeneous catalysis on platinum and self-assembled monolayers on metal and metal oxide surfaces (1991)

Abstract
Theoretical Study of Molecular Determinants Involved in Signal Binding to the TraR Protein of Agrobacterium tumefaciens (2005)

N-acylated homoserine lactone (AHL) mediated cell-cell communication in bacteria is dependent on the recognition of the cognate signal by its receptor. This interaction allows the receptor-ligand complex to act as a transcriptional activator, controlling the expression of a range of bacterial phenotypes, including virulence factor expression and biofilm formation. One approach to determine the key features of signal- binding is to model the intermolecular interactions between the receptor and ligand using computational-based modeling software (LigandFit). In this communication, we have modeled the crystal structure of the AHL receptor protein TraR and its AHL signal N-(3- oxooctanoyl)-homoserine lactone from Agrobacterium tumefaciens and compared it to the previously reported antagonist behaviour of a number of AHL analogues, in an attempt to determine structural constraints for ligand binding. We conclude that (i) a common conformation of the AHL in the hydrophobic and hydrophilic region exists for ligand-binding, (ii) a tail chain length threshold of 8 carbons is most favourable for ligand-binding affinity, (iii) the positive correlation in the docking studies could be used a virtual screening tool.
Two- and three-dimensional non-interpenetrating open-networks self- assembled by μ4-hexamethylenetetramine (hmt). Syntheses and structures of [Ag2(μ4-hmt)(SO4)(H2O)]·4H2O and [Ag2(μ4-hmt)(μ-O2CMe)]MeCO2·4.5H2O (1999)

Sulfate and acetate complexes comprising two-dimensional grids with square cavities and three-dimensional networks with hexagonal channels, respectively, have been prepared and characterised by X-ray single-crystal structural analysis.
Targeted antibody-mediated depletion of murine CD19 CAR T cells permanently reverses B cell aplasia (2016)

The adoptive transfer of T cells that have been genetically modified to express a CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) is effective for treating human B cell malignancies. However, the persistence of functional CD19 CAR T cells causes sustained depletion of endogenous CD19+ B cells and hypogammaglobulinemia. Thus, there is a need for a mechanism to ablate transferred T cells after tumor eradication is complete to allow recovery of normal B cells. Previously, we developed a truncated version of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRt) that is coexpressed with the CAR on the T cell surface. Here, we show that targeting EGFRt with the IgG1 monoclonal antibody cetuximab eliminates CD19 CAR T cells both early and late after adoptive transfer in mice, resulting in complete and permanent recovery of normal functional B cells, without tumor relapse. EGFRt can be incorporated into many clinical applications to regulate the survival of gene-engineered cells. These results support the concept that EGFRt represents a promising approach to improve safety of cell-based therapies.
Carnosine in the Primary Olfactory Pathway (1974)

Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) is present in mouse olfactory bulbs and nasal olfactory epithelium at concentrations exceeding that previously reported for any brain region of any species. After peripheral deafferentation, carnosine concentrations in the olfactory bulbs decrease to less than 10 percent that of normal, while other amino compounds are unaffected. Carnosine appears to be highly localized to the primary olfactory pathway.