gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Secrecy capacity in the four-state protocol of quantum key distribution (2002)

The process of key distillation from the quantum transmission in quantum key distribution is reviewed, with the objective of calculating the secrecy capacity of the four-state protocol in the presence of an individual attack in which the eavesdropping probe is entangled with the signal states, and states of the probe become correlated with the states measured by the legitimate receiver. Emphasis is placed on information leakage to the eavesdropping probe. The calculation generalizes earlier work to include an arbitrary angle between the signal bases.
Geminale Vinyldiazide, VI. 4,5‐Dihydro‐1<i>H</i>‐tetrazol‐5‐ylidene aus 3,3‐Diazido‐2‐cyanacrylsäureestern und Hydrazinen, Hydraziden sowie <i>O</i>‐substituierten Hydroxylaminen (1989)

Abstract Bei der Umsetzung der geminalen Vinyldiazide 6 und 7 bei –30°C mit Phenylhydrazin ( 8a ), den Hydraziden 8b , c sowie O ‐Benzylhydroxylamin ( 8d ) entstehen primär die Vinylazide 9 und 10 ( 9a , b sind isolierbar). Anschließender 1,5′‐Ringschluß (aufeinanderfolgende Vinylazid‐Iminoazid‐Isomerisierung, Iminoazid‐Tetrazol‐Isomerisierung und Tautomerie) liefert die 4,5‐Dihydro‐1 H ‐tetrazol‐5‐ylidene 15 und 16 . Mit Triethylamin bildet 15a das Ammonium‐Salz 17 . Setzt man das geminale Vinyldiazid 6 nicht bei –30°C sondern bei 20°C mit den Hydraziden 20a , b (= 8b , c ) um, dann entstehen an Stelle von 15b , c die 5‐Amino‐1,2,4‐triazole 23a , b .
Aggregate data studies of disease risk factors (1995)

Statistical methods are proposed for estimating relative rate parameters, based on estimated disease rates and covariate data from random samples of individuals from each of several cohorts. A random effects model is used to derive mean and variance models for estimated disease rates. Estimating equations for relative rate parameters are then developed by replacing cohort covariate averages by corresponding sample averages. The asymptotic distribution of regression parameter estimates is derived, and the asymptotic bias is shown to be small, even if covariates are contaminated by classical random measurement errors, provided the covariate sample size in each cohort is not small. Simulation studies, motivated by international data on diet and breast cancer, provide insights into the properties of the proposed estimators.
Efficient sparse voxel octrees (2010)

In this paper we examine the possibilities of using voxel representations as a generic way for expressing complex and feature-rich geometry on current and future GPUs. We present in detail a compact data structure for storing voxels and an efficient algorithm for performing ray casts using this structure.
Monoclonal Antibody Therapy for Ebola Virus Disease (2019)

Early reports in 1976 and 1995 documented cases in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) of what we now know to be Ebola virus disease (EVD) caused by Zaire ebolavirus. The reports showed high cas...
Mitochondrial Production of Oxygen Radical Species and the Role of Coenzyme Q as an Antioxidant (2003)

The mitochondrial respiratory chain is a powerful source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is considered as the pathogenic agent of many diseases and of aging. We have investigated the role of complex I in superoxide radical production and found by the combined use of specific inhibitors of complex I that the one-electron donor to oxygen in the complex is a redox center located prior to the sites where three different types of Coenzyme Q (CoQ) competitors bind, to be identified with an Fe-S cluster, most probably N2, or possibly an ubisemiquinone intermediate insensitive to all the above inhibitors. Short-chain Coenzyme Q analogs enhance superoxide formation, presumably by mediating electron transfer from N2 to oxygen. The clinically used CoQ analog, idebenone, is particularly effective, raising doubts on its safety as a drug. Cells counteract oxidative stress by antioxidants. CoQ is the only lipophilic antioxidant to be biosynthesized. Exogenous CoQ, however, protects cells from oxidative stress by conversion into its reduced antioxidant form by cellular reductases. The plasma membrane oxidoreductase and DT-diaphorase are two such systems, likewise, they are overexpressed under oxidative stress conditions.
Coordinated Recruitment of Histone Methyltransferase G9a and Other Chromatin-Modifying Enzymes in SHP-Mediated Regulation of Hepatic Bile Acid Metabolism (2006)

SHP has been implicated as a pleiotropic regulator of diverse biological functions by its ability to inhibit numerous nuclear receptors. Recently, we reported that SHP inhibits transcription of CYP7A1, a key gene in bile acid biosynthesis, by recruiting histone deacetylases (HDACs) and a Swi/Snf-Brm complex. To further delineate the mechanism of this inhibition, we have examined whether methylation of histones is also involved and whether a functional interplay between chromatin-modifying enzymes occurs. The histone methyltransferase G9a, but not SUV39, was colocalized with SHP in the nucleus and directly interacted with SHP in vitro. G9a, which was coimmunoprecipitated with hepatic SHP, methylated Lys-9 of histone 3 (H3K9) in vitro. Expression of G9a enhanced inhibition of CYP7A1 transcription by SHP, while a catalytically inactive G9a dominant negative (DN) mutant reversed the SHP inhibition. G9a was recruited to and H3K9 was methylated at the CYP7A1 promoter in a SHP-dependent manner in bile acid-treated HepG2 cells. Expression of the G9a-DN mutant inhibited H3K9 methylation, blocked the recruitment of the Brm complex, and partially reversed CYP7A1 inhibition by bile acids. Inhibition of HDAC activity with trichostatin A blocked deacetylation and methylation of H3K9 at the promoter, and, conversely, inhibition of H3K9 methylation by G9a-DN partially blocked deacetylation. Hepatic expression of G9a-DN in mice fed cholic acid disrupted bile acid homeostasis, resulting in increased bile acid pools and partial de-repression of Cyp7a1 and Cyp8b1. Our studies establish a critical role for G9a methyltransferase, histone deacetylases, and the Swi/Snf-Brm complex in the SHP-mediated inhibition of hepatic bile acid synthesis via coordinated chromatin modification at target genes.
Viral association with Crohn's disease. (1993)

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, the cause of which remains unknown. Since the first description by Dalziel in 1913 (1), similarities between Crohn's disease and intestinal mycobacterial infection, particularly Johne's disease in ruminants, have been widely recognized (2, 3). After Mitchell and Rees demonstrated the transmission of granulomata from Crohn's disease by injecting intestinal homogenates into the footpads of mice (4), there followed many studies attempting to identify infective agents within the bowel of patients with Crohn's disease. Although Mycobacterium paratuberculosis has been identified in intestinal tissue from a proportion of patients with Crohn's disease, a convincing role for this agent in the aetiology of Crohn's disease has not been established (5). Likewise, extensive studies into bacterial (6-9) and viral (10) agents potentially associated with Crohn's disease have been inconclusive, although recent ultrastructural observations of viral particles within submucosal granulomata have added a new impetus to the search (11, 12). This review examines the evidence for an association between Crohn's disease and viral infection from epidemiological studies, transmission and cell culture, specific immunological responses, ultrastructure and from molecular biological techniques.
Linear space—time diversity receivers for the downlink of UMTS with WCDMA (2001)

Abstract Simple linear demodulation schemes exploiting the space and time diversity of the mobile radio channel are derived for the downlink of the Univeral Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) employing wideband codedivision multiple access (WCDMA). Using different stochastic models of the signals at the M × 1 receiver antennas and different objective functions including minimum—mean square error (MMSE) and maximum—likelihood approaches, we obtain time—invariant and time—variant detection schemes which make use of channel and receiver parameter estimates being calculated upon observation of a single slot. It turns out that the bit—error rate (BER) of the conventional receiver carrying out a maximum—ratio combining w. r. t. time and space can be improved considerably, where the achievable gain depends critically on the accuracy of the aforementioned estimates. Efficient ways for implementation are proposed and quantified in terms of the computational complexity. Analytical approximations and simulations of the BER for different system parameters reveal that the schemes represent means to get robust against both channel fading and multiple access interference caused by multipath propagation.
Antiinvasive, antiangiogenic and antitumour activity of<i> Ephedra sinica</i> extract (2003)

A water fraction (EW), the remaining water phase from the methanol extract of Ephedra sinica after extraction with ethyl acetate and butanol, has been investigated for its antiangiogenic, antiinvasive and antitumour activities. It was observed that EW, at 30 micro g/mL, a non-cytotoxic concentration, inhibited the tube formation induced by human umbilical venous endothelial cells and the invasion of B16F10 melanoma cells through a matrix membrane by more than 90%. At 30 mg/kg/day, the inhibitory activity of EW on the growth of a tumour mass in BDF1 mice inoculated with B16-F10 murine melanoma cells was comparable to that of adriamycin (ADR) administered at 2 mg/kg/day. From these results, it could be postulated that the antitumour activity of the water fraction might be attributed to its antiangiogenic and antiinvasive activities.
The Kinetics of the Oxygenation of Ferrous Iron in Phosphoric Acid Solution (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Kinetics of the Oxygenation of Ferrous Iron in Phosphoric Acid SolutionMark Cher and Norman DavidsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 3, 793–798Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01608a086https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01608a086research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views539Altmetric-Citations108LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: updated diagnostic criteria, treatment algorithm, and the utility of brain biopsy (2015)

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare neurodegenerative condition with a rapid disease course and a mortality rate of 100%. Several forms of the disease have been described, and the most common is the sporadic type. The most challenging aspect of this disease is its diagnosis-the gold standard for definitive diagnosis is considered to be histopathological confirmation-but newer tests are providing means for an antemortem diagnosis in ways less invasive than brain biopsy. Imaging studies, electroencephalography, and biomarkers are used in conjunction with the clinical picture to try to make the diagnosis of CJD without brain tissue samples, and all of these are reviewed in this article. The current diagnostic criteria are limited; test sensitivity and specificity varies with the genetics of the disease as well as the clinical stage. Physicians may be unsure of all diagnostic testing available, and may order outdated tests or prematurely request a brain biopsy when the diagnostic workup is incomplete. The authors review CJD, discuss the role of brain biopsy in this patient population, provide a diagnostic pathway for the patient presenting with rapidly progressive dementia, and propose newer diagnostic criteria.
An Improved Method for the Preparation of Liposomal Gadolinium-DTPA (1991)

We have developed an improved method for the production of liposomal gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA). The ionophore A23187 facilitates the uptake of externally added Gd into the interior aqueous space of a unilamellar lipid vesicle, where it is chelated by passively entrapped DTPA to form the Gd-DTPA chelate in situ. The presence of a pH gradient across the vesicle membrane is not essential for Gd uptake, the extent of which apparently is limited only by the interior concentration of the chelator. Once formed internally, the Gd-DTPA complex is retained within the vesicles for at least several days at room temperature. Biodistribution studies in mice indicate that liposomal Gd-DTPA prepared by this ionophoretic loading procedure exhibits biodistribution and clearance characteristics similar to 153Gd-DTPA-labeled liposomes prepared by means of passive entrapment of the preformed chelate.
View synthesis prediction using skip and merge candidates for HEVC-based 3D video coding (2013)

Traditional multi-view coding (MVC) systems compress the texture content captured from different view points, where temporal and inter-view redundancy are exploited to improve MVC coding efficiency. The advanced 3D video coding systems compress both the texture content and its corresponding depth captured from different view points, known as multiview video plus depth (MVD), to support low complexity free view point applications. However, MVD systems consist of a large amount of data including both texture and depth to be compressed and transmitted. To improve the coding efficiency of MVD systems, view synthesis prediction (VSP) can be used to further reduce inter-view redundancy using synthetic views as predictors. In this paper, an in-loop view synthesis framework is proposed, where the synthesized predictor is encoded as a special motion compensated predictor and the motion information is encoded as one of the motion predictors in skip/merge candidate list for HEVC-based 3D video coding. The proposed scheme is applicable to both texture coding and depth coding. The experimental results show that the proposed framework improved the coding performance up to 12.1% for dependent views.
Utilizing Graph Theory to Select the Largest Set of Unrelated Individuals for Genetic Analysis (2012)

Many statistical analyses of genetic data rely on the assumption of independence among samples. Consequently, relatedness is either modeled in the analysis or samples are removed to "clean" the data of any pairwise relatedness above a tolerated threshold. Current methods do not maximize the number of unrelated individuals retained for further analysis, and this is a needless loss of resources. We report a novel application of graph theory that identifies the maximum set of unrelated samples in any dataset given a user-defined threshold of relatedness as well as all networks of related samples. We have implemented this method into an open source program called Pedigree Reconstruction and Identification of a Maximum Unrelated Set, PRIMUS. We show that PRIMUS outperforms the three existing methods, allowing researchers to retain up to 50% more unrelated samples. A unique strength of PRIMUS is its ability to weight the maximum clique selection using additional criteria (e.g. affected status and data missingness). PRIMUS is a permanent solution to identifying the maximum number of unrelated samples for a genetic analysis.
Two-photon-excited stimulated emission from atomic oxygen in flames and cold gases (1989)

We report detection of stimulated emission from the atomic-oxygen 3 (3)P-3 (3)S transition at 845 nm after two-photon excitation of the 2 (3)P-3 (3)P transition using 226-nm laser radiation. We study this stimulated emission process in flames and in room-temperature flows of O(2) and N(2)O and compare its behavior with that of fluorescence signals acquired simultaneously. Rapid depletion of the laser-excited state by the stimulated emission process may have an impact on the use of diagnostic techniques based on multiphoton excitation in oxygen and in other species. The strength of the stimulated emission signal suggests that it may have applications as a diagnostic technique.
Solid compression strategy for BTRFS snapshot (2015)

BTRFS is a modern Linux file system, which has an inbuilt support for pooling, snapshot, and checksums, which comes in handy tools for data stability, maintenance and backup in the heavily data dependent information world. BTRFS snapshots, combined with send/receive form a reliable tool for maintaining backups, but since BTRFS utilizes file level compression, the send/receive process turns out to be data intensive. Solid compression is the technique of compressing a collection of files, treating all of them as a single continuous extend of memory, thus exploiting the intra file, as well as the inter file redundancies during compression. This paper proposes a system, which combines the principles of solid compression, along with the BTRFS snapshot send/receive, to achieve a far greater compression ratio, along with the features of BTRFS file system.
Stability analysis of discrete fuzzy control system (2003)

The stability of a discrete fuzzy control system is discussed. A fuzzy control system has a linear plant but a nonlinear controller. The nonlinear fuzzy controller is based on an indirect reasoning mechanism. Nonlinearity of the fuzzy controller is characterized by a linear gain using a sector condition. The stability of the system is checked against the sector, whose lower bound is decided according to an algorithm for selecting the lower sector based on actual conditions. A condition of absolute stability is derived for the system. It is shown that the parametric space related to the universe of discourse in which the absolute stability of the system is guaranteed becomes wider if a sector is chosen based on the algorithm. A sufficient condition of absolute stability is derived for the case of two inputs and a single output. The effect of initial conditions and sampling time is qualitatively discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Phenotypic and genotypic relationships between pollen and grain yield components in maize (2001)

Exotic (from Mexico) and Corn Belt genotypes of maize (Zea mays L.) were grown under rainfed conditions in Lincoln, Nebraska, to determine phenotypic and g...
Abstract 3469: OPG:TRAIL Ratio as a Potential Biomarker for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2009)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life threatening condition with high morbidity and poor life expectancy. The pathology of PAH is characterised by the loss of small arteries in the lung s...
Data set for transcriptome analysis of the Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus ) (2015)

The Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) occupies a seat at the phylogenetic and species evolution process, which makes it an invaluable model for genetics; however, the genetic information and gene sequences about the Chinese giant salamander in public databases are scanty. Hence, we aimed to perform transcriptome analysis with the help of high-throughput sequencing. In this data, 61,317,940 raw reads were acquired from Chinese giant salamander mRNA using Illumina paired-end sequencing platform. After de novo assembly, a total of 72,072 unigenes were gained, in which 33,834 (46.95%) and 29,479 (40.91%) transcripts exhibited homology to sequences in the Nr database and Swiss-Prot database, (E-value <10(-5)), respectively. In the obtained unigenes, 18,019 (25%) transcripts were assigned with at least one Gene Ontology term, of which 1218 (6.8%) transcripts were assigned to immune system processes. In addition, a total of 17,572 assembled sequences were assigned into 241 predicted KEGG metabolic pathways. Among these, 2552 (14.5%) transcripts were assigned to the immune system relevant pathway and 5 transcripts were identified as potential antimicrobial peptides (AMPs).
Orthogonal Frequency‐Division Multiplexing (2003)

Abstract The permissible data rate of a digital communications link is limited by the available bandwidth and also by power and noise. We present the basic concepts and then discuss the numerous communications systems, past and present, that have used some form of multicarrier transmission. We then discuss time variations in the channel, as well as frequency offset, phase noise, and timing errors. Next, we the look at the large amplitude fluctuations characteristic of a multicarrier signal and the serious problems when transmitting through a nonlinearity, such as the transmit power amplifier. Finally, we discuss cyclic extension and windowing, two techniques devised to get the most value out of orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (OFDM).
Differential Susceptibility of Pediatric Sarcoma Cells to Oncolysis by Conditionally Replication-Competent Herpes Simplex Viruses (2002)

Conditionally replication-competent HSV-derived vectors may be useful for the treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma and osteosarcoma, but may not be as efficacious for treating Ewing sarcoma until the mechanism of resistance is defined and circumvented.
Electron Beam Generated Plasmas for Ultra Low T<sub>e</sub>Processing (2015)

The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has developed a processing system based on an electron beam-generated plasma. Unlike conventional discharges produced by electric fields (DC, RF, microwave, etc.), ionization is driven by a high-energy (∼ few keV) electron beam, an approach that can be attractive to atomic layer processing applications. In particular, high electron densities (1010- 1011 cm−3) can be produced in electron beam generated plasmas, where the electron temperature remains between 0.3 and 1.0 eV. Accordingly, a large flux of ions can be delivered to substrate surfaces with kinetic energies in the range of 1 to 5 eV. This provides the potential for controllably etching and/or engineering both the surface morphology and chemistry with monolayer precision. This work describes the electron beam driven plasma processing system, with particular attention paid to system characteristics and the ability to control the generation and delivery of ions to the surface and their energies.