gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress: Implications for Cell Death (2006)

In addition to the established role of the mitochondria in energy metabolism, regulation of cell death has emerged as a second major function of these organelles. This seems to be intimately linked to their generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which have been implicated in mtDNA mutations, aging, and cell death. Mitochondrial regulation of apoptosis occurs by mechanisms, which have been conserved through evolution. Thus, many lethal agents target the mitochondria and cause release of cytochrome c and other pro-apoptotic proteins into the cytoplasm. Cytochrome c release is initiated by the dissociation of the hemoprotein from its binding to the inner mitochondrial membrane. Oxidation of cardiolipin reduces cytochrome c binding and increases the level of soluble cytochrome c in the intermembrane space. Subsequent release of the hemoprotein occurs by pore formation mediated by pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins, or by Ca(2+) and ROS-triggered mitochondrial permeability transition, although the latter pathway might be more closely associated with necrosis. Taken together, these findings have placed the mitochondria in the focus of current cell death research.
A method for the automatic generation of test suites from object models (2003)

This paper explains how object models written in the Unified Modeling Language (UML) can be translated into formal, behavioural descriptions and used as a basis for automatic test generation. The behavioural descriptions are written in a language of communicating state machines: the Intermediate Format (IF). The translation from UML to IF is based upon an earlier formal semantics, written in the Abstract State Machine (ASM) notation. Descriptions written in IF can be automatically explored; the results of these explorations are test trees, ready for input to a variety of testing packages.
Analysis of Macromolecular Polydispersity in Intensity Correlation Spectroscopy: The Method of Cumulants (1972)

The first order electric field correlation function of laser light scattered by polydisperse solutions of macromolecules can be written as a sum or distribution of exponentials, with decay rates proportional to the diffusion coefficients of the solute molecules. It is shown that the logarithm of this correlation function is formally equivalent to a cumulant generating function. A method is described by which the distribution function of the decay rates (and thus the extent of polydispersity) can be characterized, in a light scattering experiment, by calculation of the moments or cumulants. The systematic and random statistical errors in the calculated cumulants are discussed.
Connecting people through physical proximity and physical resources at a conference (2013)

This work investigates how to bridge the gap between offline and online behaviors at a conference and how the physical resources in the conference (the physical objects used in the conference for gathering attendees together in engaging an activity such as rooms, sessions, and papers) can be used to help facilitate social networking. We build Find and Connect, a system that integrates offline activities and interactions captured in real time with online connections in a conference environment, to provide a list of potential people one should connect to for forming an ephemeral social network. We investigate how social connections can be established and integrated with physical resources through positioning technology, and the relationship between physical proximity encounters and online social connections. Results from our two datasets of two trials, one at the UIC/ATC 2010 conference and GCJK internal marketing event, show that social connections that are reciprocal in relationship, such as friendship and exchanged contacts, have tighter, denser, and highly clustered networks compared to unidirectional relationships such as follow. We discover that there is a positive relationship between physical proximity encounters and online social connections before the social connection is made for friends, but a negative relationship for after the social connection is made. The first indicates social selection is strong, and the second indicates social influence is weak. Even though our dataset is sparse, nonetheless we believe our work is promising and novel which is worthy of future research.
Amplification Methods to Increase the Sensitivity of In Situ Hybridization: Play CARD(S) (1999)

In situ hybridization (ISH) has proved to be an invaluable molecular tool in research and diagnosis to visualize nucleic acids in their cellular environment. However, its applicability can be limited by its restricted detection sensitivity. During the past 10 years, several strategies have been developed to improve the threshold levels of nucleic acid detection in situ by amplification of either target nucleic acid sequences before ISH (e.g., in situ PCR) or the detection signals after the hybridization procedures. Here we outline the principles of tyramide signal amplification using the catalyzed reporter deposition (CARD) technique, present practical suggestions to efficiently enhance the sensitivity of ISH with CARD, and discuss some applications and possible future directions of in situ nucleic acid detection using such an amplification strategy.
Using noise to determine cardiac restitution with memory (2012)

Variation in cardiac pacing cycles, as seen, for example, in heart rate variability, has been observed for decades. Contemporarily, various mathematical models have been constructed to investigate the electrical activity of paced cardiac cells. Yet there has not been a study of these cardiac models when there is variation in the pacing cycles such as noise. We present a method that uses the stochasticity of pacing cycles to determine approximate models of the dynamics of cardiac cells, and use these models to detect bifurcations to alternans.
Optical Heterodyne-Detection Schemes For Fiber-Optic Gyroscopes (1989)

The current state-of-the-art of the heterodyne scheme for fiber-optic gyroscopes is described. An emphasis is given to the fact that the heterodyne phase-detection scheme offers the remarkable advantage, such as stable scale factor, linearlity in the output of the rotation rate, and wide dynamic range of the measurement. Some typical heterodyne fiber-optic gyroscopes are explained. There are strong demands on developing a novel heterodyne fiber-optic gyroscope that can overcome technical difficulties.
Modeling of the Kinetics of Confined Nonwetting Flow in a Mesoporous Particle (2005)

In this paper a quantitative model of the confined flow in a mesoporous particle has been developed. The particle is initially surrounded by a nonwetting liquid. As the external pressure increases to the critical value such that the capillary effect is overcome, the liquid is forced into the mesopores. The confined inflow in the three-dimensional mesoporous environment is modeled as the effective phase transformation involving nucleation, growth, and coalescence of filled mesopore clusters. The influences of the pore size distribution and the external pressure are analyzed.
1829 EDİRNE ANTLAŞMASI (1951)

Disruptions in Ottoman Empire started with the independence demands of Greeks following the Serbian rebellion which was supported by the foreign countries. The war between Ottoman Empire and Russia became inevitable due to the destruction of the Ottoman fleet in Navarino as well as Russia neglecting its responsibilities. Mahmud II., who had dismissed Janissary Guild and formed a new army called Asakir-i Mansure-i Muhammediye (The Mansure Army) organisation, was defeated in the battle thus Edirne treaty was signed. This article explores the cause and effects of this treaty which was an important turning point for Ottoman Empire and its politics.
Detection of defects on the surface of microelectronic structures (1989)

Many types of defects on photolithographic masks can be detected by using only local pattern properties specified by general design rules. No comparison between adjacent chip images or an external data base is required, eliminating the need for high metrological precision. A number of detection criteria such as local deviations from straightness or admissible contour angles were tested on simulated images containing various defect types. Usable algorithms that could be implemented as high-speed circuits permitting data throughputs at TV rates are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reactions in liquid ammonia (1957)

This article considers five classes of reaction in liquid ammonia: reaction in which participation of the solvent is either absent or incidental, ammoniation, ammonolysis, reactions of alkali and alkaline earth metal amides, and reactions of solutions of metals.
Optimal filter design for fixed delay tree search with decision feedback (2002)

Fixed delay tree search with decision feedback (FDTS/DF) is a hybrid detection scheme which incorporates a sequence detector into the decision feedback equalizer (DFE). It has been shown previously that the relatively simple FDTS/DF provides a near optimal detection performance for runlength-constrained data storage channels. This paper introduces a design criterion for choosing tap weights for the constrained-complexity FDTS/DF, which assumes the finite impulse response (FIR) structure for its forward and feedback filters. A method to compute optimal tap weights for the forward and feedback filters is then presented for a magnetic recording channel subject to the popular minimum runlength constraint d=1. Results show that under the d=1 constraint, FDTS/DF with one-bit decision delay achieves a large performance improvement over DFE.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Newly-Developed 3D GRMHD Code and its Application to Jet Formation (2006)

We have developed a new three-dimensional general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic code by using a conservative, high-resolution shock-capturing scheme. The numerical fluxes are calculated using the HLL approximate Riemann solver scheme. The flux-interpolated constrained transport scheme is used to maintain a divergence-free magnetic field. We have performed various 1-dimensional test problems in both special and general relativity by using several reconstruction methods and found that the new 3D GRMHD code shows substantial improvements over our previous model. The . preliminary results show the jet formations from a geometrically thin accretion disk near a non-rotating and a rotating black hole. We will discuss the jet properties depended on the rotation of a black hole and the magnetic field strength.
Zinc status and vacuolar zinc transporters control alkaline phosphatase accumulation and activity in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2009)

Little is known about how metalloproteins in the secretory pathway obtain their metal ion cofactors. We used the Pho8 alkaline phosphatase of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to probe this process in vivo. We found that both Pho8 activity and protein accumulation are zinc-dependent and decrease in zinc-limited cells. Low Pho8 accumulation was the result of degradation by vacuolar proteases. Surprisingly, the protective effect of zinc on Pho8 stability was not solely due to Zn(2+) binding to the active-site ligands suggesting that the Pho8 protein is targeted for degradation in zinc-limited cells by another mechanism. Pho8 appears to be a rare example of a metalloprotein whose stability is regulated by its metal cofactor independently of active-site binding. We also assessed which zinc transporters are responsible for supplying zinc to Pho8. We found that the Zrc1 and Cot1 vacuolar zinc transporters play the major role while the Msc2/Zrg17 zinc transporter complex active in the endoplasmic reticulum is not involved. These results demonstrate that the vacuolar zinc transporters, previously implicated in metal detoxification, also deliver zinc to certain metalloproteins within intracellular compartments. These data suggest that Pho8 receives its metal cofactor in the vacuole rather than in earlier compartments of the secretory pathway.
Industrial Syntheses of the Central Core Molecules of HIV Protease Inhibitors (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIndustrial Syntheses of the Central Core Molecules of HIV Protease InhibitorsKunisuke Izawa and Tomoyuki OnishiView Author Information AminoScience Laboratories, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2006, 106, 7, 2811–2827Publication Date (Web):March 25, 2006Publication History Received8 November 2005Published online25 March 2006Published inissue 1 July 2006https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr050997uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr050997uresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2006 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2542Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Ketones,Molecular structure,Organic compounds,Peptides and proteins,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
Selective Linear Prediction and Analysis-by-Synthesis in Speech Analysis (1974)

Abstract : Linear prediction is presented as a spectral modeling technique in which the signal spectrum is modeled by an all-pole spectrum. The method allows for arbitrary spectral shaping in the frequency domain, and for modeling of continuous as well as discrete spectra (such as filter bank spectra). In addition, using the method of selective linear prediction, all-pole modeling is applied to selected portions of the spectrum, with applications to speech recognition and speech compression. Linear prediction is compared with traditional analysis-by-synthesis techniques for spectral modeling. It is found that linear prediction offers computational advantages over analysis-by- synthesis, as well as better modeling properties if the variations of the signal spectrum from the desired spectral model are large. For relatively smooth spectra and for filter bank spectra, analysis-by-synthesis is judged to give better results. Finally, a suboptimal solution to the problem of all-zero modeling using linear prediction is given.
Cutaneous Estradiol Permeation, Penetration and Metabolism in Pig and Man (2004)

In vitro tests should reduce the need for both animal and human studies for cutaneous uptake and metabolism in the future.
Zygotic Drosophila E-cadherin expression is required for processes of dynamic epithelial cell rearrangement in the Drosophila embryo. (1996)

Dynamic epithelial reorganization is essential for morphogenesis of various organs. In Drosophila embryos, for example the Malpighian tubule is generated by cellular rearrangement of a preexisting epithelium and the tracheal network is formed by outgrowth, branching, and fusion of epithelial vesicles. Here we report that the previously identified locus shotgun (shg) encodes DE-cadherin, an epithelial cell-cell adhesion molecule of the classic cadherin type and that zygotic shg mutations rather specifically impair processes of the dynamic epithelial morphogenesis. In the mutants, the Malpighian tubule disintegrated into small spherical structures, and the tracheal network formation was blocked in selected steps. The malformation of these organs could be rescued by overexpression of DE-cadherin cDNA under a heat shock promoter. Unexpectedly, the zygotic null condition did not severely affect general epithelial organization; most epithelial tissues maintained not only their cell-cell associations but also their apicobasal polarity in the mutants. The zygotic null mutant retained a certain level of maternally derived DE-cadherin molecules until the end of embryogenesis. These results suggest that zygotic DE-cadherin expression is critical for the rearrangement processes of epithelial cells, whereas the maternally derived DE-cadherin may serve only for the maintenance of the static architecture of the epithelia.
Effect of Precipitation on the Design of Radio Altimeters (1957)

Radio altimeters operating in the microwave region must distinguish between desired signals returned from the ground and undesired signals returned from precipitation. Calculation of the relative ground and precipitation returns for a 0.1 microsecond pulse-duration altimeter requiring 10 to 1 desired-undesired signal ratio indicates a minimum wavelength of about 2 cm may be used for reliable operation in heavy precipitation. Curves have been computed for minimum wavelength at a given altitude for fixed range to rain and for equal rain and ground ranges, for various beam widths. Minimum wavelengths as long as 20 cm are indicated for some conditions. Use of circular polarization may permit altimeter operation at wavelengths less than 2 cm, even with intense precipitation.
Grading meat quality by texture analysis (2003)

We describe a method of determining meat quality using the concepts of "marbling score" and texture analysis. The marbling score is a measure of the distribution density of fat in the rib-eye region. In this system, we consider the marbling of meat as a texture pattern. We use a gray level cooccurrence matrix as a texture feature and make standard texture-feature vectors for each grade using it. The grade of an unevaluated image is determined by comparing the texture-feature vector of this unevaluated image with the standard texture-feature vectors. Experimental results show that the system is effective.
Energy Consumption in Mining Comminution (2016)

The supply chain for metals used in manufacturing is usually from premanufacture (mining). Energy impact needs to be considered, with it being one of the five stressors that impact the environment. In this paper the energy needs for crushing and milling (comminution) are presented. A brief comparison is made with the energy needs for recycling of large scale waste products such as automobiles. A simple method for product designers, which uses Streamlined Life Cycle Analysis, is proposed for assessment of mining value chain impacts.
Native protein separations and enzyme microassays by capillary zone and gel electrophoresis (1993)

Native protein separations by capillary gel electrophoresis are achieved using linear acrylamide gel matrices. Polyacrylamide gels with a concentration range of 3.5-5% did not exhibit size separations for native proteins with molecular weights from 20,000 to 47,000. The separation of native proteins in gel-filled capillaries is based solely on the charge of the protein as in normal zonal electrophoresis. Retention of protein activity in the acrylamide matrix was demonstrated by performing enzymatic assays in the gel matrix. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and beta-galactosidase assays were conducted in both C18-PF108-modified and polyacrylamide gel-filled capillaries. Enzyme assays were achieved by filling the capillary with an appropriate substrate dissolved in the electrophoresis buffer. The product formed by the reaction of enzyme with substrate was monitored using a standard UV-visible detector. Both constant potential and zero potential modes of analysis were demonstrated. The polyacrylamide gel columns provide the advantages of minimized diffusion and limited band spreading due to the high viscosity of the gel matrix. The lowest detection limit achieved was 5.2 x 10(-20) mol (7.6 x 10(-12) M sample injected) of ALP. The dual enzyme assay of ALP and beta-galactosidase was achieved in gel-filled capillaries simultaneously.
Distributed simulation with incorporated APS procedures for high-fidelity supply chain optimization (2001)

Tactical and operational planning for manufacturing enterprises are more important today than ever before as their supply chains span the globe. Two state-of-the-art technologies that are critical to success are discrete event simulation and advanced planning and scheduling. They are commonly applied in designing and executing operations at each site within the supply chain. However, as supply chains become leaner and more responsive, operational constraints and stochastic influences within the manufacturing sites and the logistics network require a combination of both technologies applied to the entire supply chain. This paper describes a novel framework for advanced distributed simulation with integrated APS procedures for collaborative supply chain optimization. The framework can be used for fast optimization of both planning procedures and execution policies and also provides a base for easy implementation of simulation results. A prototype of a distributed semiconductor supply chain simulation has been developed and is currently being refined.
A simple method to derive bounds on the size and to train multilayer neural networks (1991)

A new derivation is presented for the bounds on the size of a multilayer neural network to exactly implement an arbitrary training set; namely the training set can be implemented with zero error with two layers and with the number of the hidden-layer neurons equal to #1>/= p-1. The derivation does not require the separation of the input space by particular hyperplanes, as in previous derivations. The weights for the hidden layer can be chosen almost arbitrarily, and the weights for the output layer can be found by solving #1+1 linear equations. The method presented exactly solves (M), the multilayer neural network training problem, for any arbitrary training set.
Demystifying MMD GANs (2018)

We investigate the training and performance of generative adversarial networks using the Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) as critic, termed MMD GANs. As our main theoretical contribution, we clarify the situation with bias in GAN loss functions raised by recent work: we show that gradient estimators used in the optimization process for both MMD GANs and Wasserstein GANs are unbiased, but learning a discriminator based on samples leads to biased gradients for the generator parameters. We also discuss the issue of kernel choice for the MMD critic, and characterize the kernel corresponding to the energy distance used for the Cramer GAN critic. Being an integral probability metric, the MMD benefits from training strategies recently developed for Wasserstein GANs. In experiments, the MMD GAN is able to employ a smaller critic network than the Wasserstein GAN, resulting in a simpler and faster-training algorithm with matching performance. We also propose an improved measure of GAN convergence, the Kernel Inception Distance, and show how to use it to dynamically adapt learning rates during GAN training.