gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly Efficient Triplet Chain Isomerization of Dewar Benzenes:  Adiabatic Rate Constants from Cage Kinetics (2007)

Quantum yields as high as 120 were achieved for triplet-sensitized photoisomerizations of several Dewar benzene reactants, R, to the corresponding benzene products, P. Considerable chain amplification is maintained even at high conversion. All relevant rate constants of this triplet chain reaction were extracted from laser flash photolysis plus steady-state photolysis experiments. The crucial rate constant ka for adiabatic isomerization of the triplet reactant to triplet product (R* --> P*) cannot be directly measured because it is so large relative to the bimolecular rate of R* formation via sensitization. However, ka was obtained indirectly using a cage/encounter complex model to analyze the competition between the dissociation of encounter pairs with the sensitizer, e.g., S/R* --> S + R*, and the in-cage processes, S/R* --> S/P* --> S*/P, in nonviscous and viscous solvents. These measurements yielded ka values of (approximately 4-9) x 10(9) s(-1), which suggests that only a small (approximately 3 kcal/mol) energy barrier exists along the potential energy surface from R* to P*. Steady-state data indicated that the chain-terminating rate constant R* --> R is negligibly small, an ideal condition for chain amplification. Triplet energy transfer from a series of sensitizers to the Dewar benzene derivatives shows a nonclassical falloff in rate constants with decreasing sensitizer triplet energy, suggesting energy transfer to thermally distorted configurations having lower singlet-triplet energy gaps. As a result of distorted geometries of R* and P*, the chain-propagating energy transfer from P* to R proceeds with a rate constant of only approximately 2 x 10(7) M(-1) s(-1), despite strong exothermicity. The isomerization reaction can release over 100 kcal/kcal of absorbed photons due to the high-energy content of the reactant together with the large chain length.
Promotional effects of potassium on palladium/alumina selective hydrogenation catalysts (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPromotional effects of potassium on palladium/alumina selective hydrogenation catalystsYeung H. Park and Geoffrey L. PriceCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1992, 31, 2, 469–474Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00002a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00002a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views520Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Antiarrhythmic vs. antifibrillatory activity of the basic diphenylhydantoin derivative 3-[3-(4-phenyl-1-piperidyl)propyl]-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin hydrochloride. (1986)

The effects of 3-[3-(4-phenyl-1-piperidyl)propyl]-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin hydrochloride (TR 2985), a basic diphenylhydantoin derivative, were studied in four canine models of experimental cardiac dysrhythmias. In conscious dogs, 48 h after myocardial infarction, TR 2985 significantly reduced the frequency of spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias. However, in anesthetized dogs, TR 2985 produced only a slight and insignificant increase in the ventricular fibrillation threshold. In conscious dogs, 4 to 7 days after myocardial infarction, TR 2985 failed to prevent the electrical induction of reentrant ventricular tachycardia, and failed to protect against the development of ventricular fibrillation in response to ischemia at a site distant from the previous infarction. These results indicate that TR 2985 may be effective in preventing arrhythmias of a non-reentrant nature, but may be relatively ineffective in preventing reentrant ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation.
The First Structure of UDP-Glucose Dehydrogenase Reveals the Catalytic Residues Necessary for the Two-fold Oxidation<sup>,</sup> (2000)

Bacterial UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UDPGlcDH) is essential for formation of the antiphagocytic capsule that protects many virulent bacteria such as Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 from the host's immune system. We have determined the X-ray structures of both native and Cys260Ser UDPGlcDH from S. pyogenes (74% similarity to S. pneumoniae) in ternary complexes with UDP-xylose/NAD+ and UDP-glucuronic acid/NAD(H), respectively. The 402 residue homodimeric UDPGlcDH is composed of an N-terminal NAD+ dinucleotide binding domain and a C-terminal UDP-sugar binding domain connected by a long (48 Å) central α-helix. The first 290 residues of UDPGlcDH share structural homology with 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, including conservation of an active site lysine and asparagine that are implicated in the enzyme mechanism. Also proposed to participate in the catalytic mechanism are a threonine and a glutamate that hydrogen bond to a conserved active site water molecule suitably positioned for general acid/base catalysis.
Elevated Fis expression enhances recombinant protein production in Escherichia coli (1997)

A genetic strategy to enhance recombinant protein production is discussed. A small DNA bending protein, Fis, which has been shown to activate rRNA synthesis upon a nutrient upshift, was overexpressed in E. coli strain W3110 carrying vector pUCR1. Overexpression of Fis during exponential growth was shown to activate rrn promoters to different extents. A 5-fold improvement in chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) production in cultures with elevated Fis level was observed in shake-flask cultivations. A similar improvement in the culture performance was also observed during fed-batch fermentation; the specific CAT activity increased by more than 50% during the fed-batch phase for cultures with elevated Fis expression. In contrast, no increase in specific CAT activity was detected for cultures carrying pUCR2, expressing a frame-shift Fis mutant. Expression of Fis from a complementary vector, pKFIS, restored CAT production from W3110:pUCR2 to approximately the same level as cultures carrying pUCR1, indicating that the enhancement in CAT production was indeed Fis-dependent. The framework presented here suggests that differential activation in recombinant protein production may be achieved with differential Fis overexpression. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 56: 138–144, 1997.
A Comparison of Patellectomy with Prosthetic Replacement of the Patella (1975)

Eight adult mongrel dogs were used to compare patellectomy with prosthetic replacement of the patella. All of the dogs who underwent patellectomies displayed functional disturbances when examined four weeks postoperatively. None of the dogs with patellar prostheses displayed discernible functional disturbances. All but one of the dogs with patellectomies developed pathological alterations in the patellar bed of the femur. None of the dogs with patellar prostheses had pathological alterations in the patellar bed of the femur.
Kline and Hudson's nerve injuries : operative results for major nerve injuries, entrapments and tumors (2008)

1 Selected Basic Considerations, Professor David G. Kline 2 Mechanisms and Pathology of Injury, Dr Rajiv Midha 3 Clinical and Electrical Evaluation, Professor David G. Kline and Dr Robert Tiel 4 Grading Results, Professor David G. Kline and Dr Robert Tiel 5 Nerve Action potential (NAP) Recordings, Professor David G. Kline and Dr Robert Tiel 6 Operative Care and Techniques, Dr Robert J. Spinner 7 Radial Nerve, Dr Daniel Kim 8 Median Nerve, Dr Robert J Spinner 9 Ulnar Nerve, Dr Daniel Kim 10 Combined Upper Extremity Nerve Injuries, Professor David G. Kline and Dr Robert J. Spinner 11 Lower Extremity Nerve Injuries, Dr Daniel Kim, MD and Judith Murovic, MD 12 Brachial Plexus Anatomy and Pre-Operative Physiology, Dr Rajiv Midha 13 Suprascapular nerve injury and entrapment, Professor David G. Kline and Dr Daniel Kim, MD 14 Lacerations of the Brachial Plexus, Daniel Kim, MD and Judith Murovic, MD 15 Gunshot Wounds to the Brachial Plexus, Dr Daniel Kim 16 Stretch Inuries to Brachial Plexus, Dr Rajiv Midha 17 Plexus Birth Palsies, Professor David G. Kline 18 Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, Professor David G. Kline 19 Accessory Nerve, Dr Rajiv Midha 20 Reconstructive Procedures, Dr Robert J. Spinner 21 Pain of Nerve Origin, Professor David G. Kline and Dr Ron Tasker 22 Anesthetic and Positional Palsies, Professor David G. Kline 23 Tumors Involving Nerve, Dr Daniel Kim, MD 24 Iatrogenic Injury To Peripheral Nerve, Dr Robert J Spinner
Lack of Effect of Adjuvant Chemotherapy on the Elimination of Single Dormant Tumor Cells in Bone Marrow of High-Risk Breast Cancer Patients (2000)

The cytotoxic agents currently used for chemotherapy in high-risk breast cancer patients do not completely eliminate CK-positive tumor cells in bone marrow. The presence of these tumor cells after chemotherapy is associated with poor prognosis. Thus, bone marrow monitoring might help predict the response to systemic chemotherapy.
Gamma Oscillations in the Hyperkinetic State Detected with Chronic Human Brain Recordings in Parkinson's Disease (2016)

Oscillations in brain networks link functionally related brain areas to accomplish thought and action, but this mechanism may be altered or exaggerated by disease states. Invasive recording using implanted electrodes provides a degree of spatial and temporal resolution that is ideal for analysis of network oscillations. Here we used a novel, totally implanted, bidirectional neural interface for chronic multisite brain recordings in humans with Parkinson's disease. We characterized an oscillation between cortex and subcortical modulators that is associated with a serious adverse effect of therapy for Parkinson's disease: dyskinesia. The work shows how a perturbation in oscillatory dynamics might lead to a state of excessive movement and also suggests a possible biomarker for feedback-controlled neurostimulation to treat hyperkinetic disorders.
Bacteriophages in the Control of Food- and Waterborne Pathogens (2010)

Table of Contents 1. Implications of Antimicrobial Agents as Therapeutics and Growth Promoters in Food Animal Production, Patrick Boerlin 2. Introduction to Bacteriophage Biology and Diversity, Pieter-Jan Ceyssens and Rob Lavigne 3. Phage-Based Methods for the Detection of Bacterial Pathogens, Mansel W. Griffiths 4. Application of Bacteriophages To Control Pathogens in Food Animal Production, Lawrence D. Goodridge 5. Bacteriophages for Control of Phytopathogens in Food Production Systems, Antonet M. Svircev, Alan J. Castle, and Susan M. Lehman 6. Potential Use of Bacteriophages as Indicators of Water Quality and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Francisco Lucena and Juan Jofre 7. Application of Bacteriophages To Control Pathogenic and Spoilage Bacteria in Food Processing and Distribution, J. Andrew Hudson, Lynn McIntyre, and Craig Billington 8. Bacteriophage Lytic Enzymes as Antimicrobials, Caren J. Stark, Richard P. Bonocora, James T. Hoopes, and Daniel C. Nelson 9. Lysogenic Conversion in Bacteria of Importance to the Food Industry, Marcin GBPo/, John Kuzio, Michael R. McConnell, Andrew M. Kropinski, Grzegorz Wegrzyn, and Gail E. Christie 10. Bacteriophages in Industrial Food Processing: Incidence and Control in Industrial Fermentation, Simon Labrie and Sylvain Moineau 11. Practical and Theoretical Considerations for the Use of Bacteriophages in Food Systems, Jason J. Gill 12. Encapsulation and Controlled Release of Bacteriophages for Food Animal Production, Qi Wang and Parviz M. Sabour 13. Application of Bacteriophages for Control of Infectious Diseases in Aquaculture, Toshihiro Nakai 14. Control of Bacterial Diarrhea with Phages: Coverage and Safety Issues in Bacteriophage Therapy, Harald Brussow 15. Industrial and Regulatory Issues in Bacteriophage Applications in Food Production and Processing, Alexander Sulakvelidze and Gary R. Pasternack
Weight Loss Interventions in Chronic Kidney Disease (2009)

In smaller, short-duration studies in patients with CKD, nonsurgical weight loss interventions reduce proteinuria and BP and seem to prevent further decline in renal function. In morbidly obese individuals with glomerular hyperfiltration, surgical interventions normalize GFR and reduce BP and microalbuminuria. Larger, long-term studies to analyze renal outcomes such as development of ESRD are needed.
Structural basis for ligand promiscuity in cytochrome P450 3A4 (2006)

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 is the most promiscuous of the human CYP enzymes and contributes to the metabolism of approximately 50% of marketed drugs. It is also the isoform most often involved in unwanted drug-drug interactions. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing CYP3A4-ligand interaction therefore would be of great importance to any drug discovery effort. Here, we present crystal structures of human CYP3A4 in complex with two well characterized drugs: ketoconazole and erythromycin. In contrast to previous reports, the protein undergoes dramatic conformational changes upon ligand binding with an increase in the active site volume by >80%. The structures represent two distinct open conformations of CYP3A4 because ketoconazole and erythromycin induce different types of coordinate shifts. The binding of two molecules of ketoconazole to the CYP3A4 active site and the clear indication of multiple binding modes for erythromycin has implications for the interpretation of the atypical kinetic data often displayed by CYP3A4. The extreme flexibility revealed by the present structures also challenges any attempt to apply computational design tools without the support of relevant experimental data.
Spin dependent tunneling devices fabricated using photolithography (1996)

Spin dependent tunneling (SDT) devices have been fabricated using standard photolithographic techniques. The SDT film was RF sputtered NiFeCo(125 /spl Aring/)/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/(20 /spl Aring/)/CoFe. Device resistances ranged from 1 K/spl Omega/ to 12.9 K/spl Omega/ for device areas of 1000 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ (10 /spl mu/m X 100 /spl mu/m) to 84.5 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ (6.5 /spl mu/m X 13 /spl mu/m), respectively. Peak GMR was over 4% at low bias with saturation fields around 10 Oe. Hard layer switching fields were about 50 Oe. Memory operation was demonstrated using integrated metallization for supplying read/write fields.
Tranexamic Acid Therapy in Hereditary Angioneurotic Edema (1972)

HEREDITARY angioneurotic edema results from an inborn error in the biosynthesis of a serum alpha-2 globulin that inhibits the enzymatic activity of the first component of complement and is thus designated the C1 inhibitor (C1̄ INH).1 As a consequence of this defect, there is unopposed action of the first component of complement (C1) in the plasma of affected patients and consequent consumption of the second and fourth components of complement (C4 and C2).2 , 3 It appears that the episodic activation of C1 is pathogenetically related to attacks of angioedema. Thus, a potential strategy for the suppression of attacks of angioedema might . . .
Complementary III–V heterojunction lateral NW Tunnel FET technology on Si (2016)

We demonstrate for the first time a technology which allows the monolithic integration of both p-type (InAs-Si) and n-type (InAs-GaSb) heterojunction Tunnel FETs (TFET) laterally on a Si substrate. The lateral heterojunction nanowire (NW) structures are implemented using top-down CMOS-compatible processes combined with Template-Assisted Selective Epitaxy (TASE) [1] of the III-V materials. Sub-40nm InAs-Si p-TFETs and InAs-GaSb n-TFETs have been fabricated and represent to the best of our knowledge the first lateral III-V heterostructure NW TFETs. The InAs-Si p-TFETs show excellent performance with average subthreshold swing, SS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ave</sub> , of ~70mV/dec. combined with an on-current, I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> , of 4μA/μm at V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</sub> = V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">GS</sub> = -0.5V. The InAs-GaSb n-TFETs have about an order of magnitude higher I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> , but SS is deteriorated due to high interface traps density (D <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">it</sub> ).
Knockdown of AMPA Receptor GluR2 Expression Causes Delayed Neurodegeneration and Increases Damage by Sublethal Ischemia in Hippocampal CA1 and CA3 Neurons (1999)

Considerable evidence suggests that Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA receptors are critical mediators of the delayed, selective neuronal death associated with transient global ischemia and sustained seizures. Global ischemia suppresses mRNA and protein expression of the glutamate receptor subunit GluR2 and increases AMPA receptor-mediated Ca(2+) influx into vulnerable neurons of the hippocampal CA1 before the onset of neurodegeneration. Status epilepticus suppresses GluR2 mRNA and protein in CA3 before neurodegeneration in this region. To examine whether acute downregulation of the GluR2 subunit, even in the absence of a neurological insult, can cause neuronal cell death, we performed GluR2 "knockdown" experiments. Intracerebral injection of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides targeted to GluR2 mRNA induced delayed death of pyramidal neurons in CA1 and CA3. Antisense-induced neurodegeneration was preceded by a reduction in GluR2 mRNA, as indicated by in situ hybridization, and in GluR2 protein, as indicated by Western blot analysis. GluR2 antisense suppressed GluR2 mRNA in the dentate gyrus but did not cause cell death. The AMPA receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxiline-2,3-dione (CNQX) and the Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA receptor channel blocker 1-naphthyl acetyl spermine protected against antisense-induced cell death. This result indicates that antisense-induced cell death is mediated by Ca(2+)-permeable AMPA receptors. GluR2 antisense and brief sublethal global ischemia acted synergistically to cause degeneration of pyramidal neurons, consistent with action by a common mechanism. These findings demonstrate that downregulation of GluR2 is sufficient to induce delayed death of specific neuronal populations.
Beam-selection performance analysis of a switched multibeam antenna system in mobile communications environments (1997)

The probability of incorrect beam selection (PIBS) with a switched multibeam antenna system is theoretically analyzed under power-limited and interference-limited mobile communication environments. Periodic transmission of a unique word sequence followed by the information symbol sequence is assumed. The model of beam selection used is based upon a simple three-stage mechanism: (1) signal validation; (2) averaging; and (3) selection of the largest output. Complex correlation peaks corresponding to the unique words, detected by the matched filter for the signal validation are averaged over several consecutive unique words, and a beam having the largest output is selected. Equally weighted noncoherent integration is assumed for the averaging process. The beam selection takes place frame-by-frame. The paper discusses the PIBS derivation for a simple switched two-beam antenna system. Numerical calculation results are then presented. It also investigates the impact of the incorrect beam selection on the overall average signal-to-noise (SNR) power ratio and signal-to-interference (SIR) power ratio. The amount of the overall SNR (or SIR) improvement over the omnidirectional antenna depends on the propagation conditions. In general, larger improvements can be achieved by smaller values of the PIBS.
Membrane filtration retentate thickening efficiency using electrolytic ion products instead of chemical coagulants (2003)

Electrolytic coagulation has advantages compared with conventional chemicals coagulation treatment. First of all, the addition of alkaline agent is necessary in chemicals coagulation treatment as the addition of acid agents in coagulation of dense wash water makes pH decline. While not much change of pH is observed with electrolytic coagulation, where alkaline agent is not demanded. Secondly, it is easy to control the dose of additional coagulants. In this study, electrolytic coagulation sedimentation treatment is adopted for membrane retentate from membrane filtration treatment without using coagulants. As electricity can control the addition of coagulation, an automation method is applied in the experiment. The lower the iron as well as aluminum dissolved, the higher the sludge density becomes; especially aluminum has this tendency. It is possible to achieve 400 kg/m3 of condensed sludge density with artificial wash water and more than 80 kg/m3 for real retentate, in terms of electrolytic coagulation of iron anode. The sludge density of aluminum anode is higher, but its filtrate density is lower than iron anode.
Molecular organization in the liquid-crystalline phases of lecithin-sodium cholate-water systems studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (1982)

The molecular organization in the hexagonal and lamellar phases of the ternary systems lecithin--sodium cholate--water has been investigated by using a variety of nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. The main findings and conclusions are the following: (i) When calculated on a mole fraction basis, the phase equilibria are insensitive to changes in the alkyl chains of the lecithin. (ii) When incorporated into a lecithin bilayer, cholate exerts a strong perturbation on the lecithin alkyl chain order, giving a large decrease of the order parameters. (iii) This decrease of the order occurs since the average cross-sectional area per alkyl chain increases probably as a result of cholate placing itself flat on the bilayer surface. (iv) The diffusion of lecithin molecules is approximately equally rapid in the lamellar and hexagonal phases. (v) The hexagonal phase is formed by rodlike aggregates with the polar groups at the surface of the rods and with a continuous hydrocarbon core. The rods are not formed by stacking disklike mixed micelles. (vi) With the interpretations of the molecular packing and the phase structures, the observed phase equilibria are in good agreement with current theories of the factors that govern phase behavior in amphiphile--water systems.