gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Environmental Hormone Disruptors: Evidence That Vinclozolin Developmental Toxicity Is Mediated by Antiandrogenic Metabolites (1994)

Recent studies with vinclozolin, a dicarboximide fungicide, demonstrate that perinatal exposure to 100 mg vinclozolin/kg/day from Gestational Day 14 through Postnatal Day 3 inhibits morphological sex differentiation. At 1 year, treated male rats exhibited hypospadias, cleft phallus, suprainguinal ectopic testes, a vaginal pouch, epididymal and testicular granulomas, and atrophic seminal vesicles and ventral prostate glands. This pattern of malformations suggests that this fungicide possesses antiandrogenic activity. To test this hypothesis, we examined the ability of vinclozolin to inhibit the conversion of testosterone to the more potent androgen 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone via 5 alpha-reductase (EC 1.3.1.22) and to compete with androgen for binding to the androgen receptor. The results indicate that neither vinclozolin nor its degradation products, 2-[[(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-carbamoyl]oxy]-2-methyl-3-butenoic acid (M1) and 3',5'-dichloro-2-hydroxy-2-methylbut-3-enanilide (M2), inhibit 5 alpha-reductase activity. Although the ability of vinclozolin to compete with androgen for binding to the androgen receptor was weak (Ki > 700 microM), the two vinclozolin metabolites, M1 and M2, were effective antagonists of androgen receptor binding (Ki = 92 and 9.7 microM, respectively). As the concentrations of M1 in the serum of pregnant rats and their pups on Postnatal Day 3 meet or exceed the in vitro Ki for androgen receptor inhibition, we suggest that the demasculinizing effects of vinclozolin exposure in vivo also may be mediated via the antiandrogenic metabolites M1 and/or M2.
Investigations into the Kinetics of the Ni-YSZ-Cermet-Anode of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (1997)

SOFC anodes made from Ni-YSZ-cermet were investigated by impedance spectroscopy applied to symmetrical cells. The ambient temperature was varied between 800 and 1000°C, the feed gas composition was varied from 2% up to 90% water vapor in hydrogen and the cells could be artificially poisoned by hydrogen sulfide. Apart from the ohmic resistance of the electrolyte two well separated relaxations, one at some kHz, the other at 10 Hz, were found. From the dependence of the spectra on the operating conditions and by comparison with model calculations it was concluded that the high frequency relaxation is due to the combination of the charge transfer reaction and the ionic resistance within the cermet. The 10 Hz relaxation is attributed to gas diffusion along the gas supply channels caused by inefficient flushing.
Intestinal arteriolar responses to mucosal and serosal applications of adenosine analogues. (1987)

Adenosine or its synthetic analogues were topically applied to the intestinal jejunum while steady-state blood flow was calculated in submucosal arterioles using video microscopy. Blood flow increased (220 or 130% of control) with the serosal application of 10(-6) M N-ethyl carboxamido adenosine (NECA, A2-selective agonist) or 2-chloro adenosine (2CA, nonselective agonist) but not with cyclohexyl adenosine (CHA, A1-selective agonist). The nonselective competitive antagonist, 8-phenyl theophylline, attenuated the response evoked by NECA. The mucosal application of 10(-6) M CHA caused blood flow decreases (81% of control), but neither NECA nor 2CA evoked a response. These observations suggest a mucosal diffusion barrier, so the concentrations of the analogues were raised one hundredfold. Serosal 10(-4) M CHA or NECA caused blood flow increases, but the effects were negligible with mucosal application, suggesting that the mucosa was indeed impermeable to these compounds. The responses evoked by 10(-4) M 2CA were similar on the serosa or mucosa (200-220% of control), submaximal (maximum = 400% of control at 10(-3) M), and not antagonized by 8-phenyl theophylline or by the cellular uptake inhibitor, nitrobenzyl-6-thio guanosine. In context with earlier studies, greater than 10(-6) M 2CA probably evokes vasodilation that is not entirely mediated by extracellular receptors. Serosal adenosine (10(-4) M) caused submaximal blood flow increases (200% of control) that were not potentiated by nitrobenzyl-6-thio guanosine or another transport inhibitor, dipyridamole.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effect of plasma density and uniformity, electron temperature, process gas, and chamber on electron shading damage (2003)

Electron shading is a major plasma process-induced device damage mechanism in high-density etching. Patrick et al (1997) showed that although gross plasma nonuniformity can cause damage, nonuniformities seen in modern commercial etchers contribute negligible damage. Vahedi et al. (1997) derived an analytic model that clarifies the contribution of plasma and device parameters to topography induced charging. Electron temperature and plasma density are the major damage parameters for plasma. Modeling and preliminary shading coefficient measurements show that plasma nonuniformity is indeed only a small contribution. Other major factors in plasma processing induced damage relate to the device, and are the gate oxide activation electric field, effective mass constant, and gate oxide thickness. Finally, topography dependent shading parameters need to be considered. These are a function of minimum line width, aspect ratio, and antenna ratio. Protection diodes and transient fuses (Krishnan et al., 1998) may help mitigate shading damage effects, but do not change the charging mechanism, namely electron shading. This work examines the role of plasma parameters on V/sub th/ shifts in transistors fabricated in a flash memory process where metal 1 and/or metal 2 were etched in either a Lam TCP/sup TM/ 9600SE or Lam TCP/sup TM/ 9600PTX chamber. The plasma parameters varied were plasma density, electron temperature, and plasma uniformity. The role of chamber gap height in the 9600SE was examined and the results compared to the those in the 9600PTX. The role of a lighter ion in decreasing damage as suggested by Tabara (1998) was also examined.
Preparation of Fluoroalkyl Imines, Amines, Enamines, Ketones, α‐Amino Carbonyls, and α‐Amino Acids from Primary Enamine Phosphonates. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Association of Kallikrein Gene Polymorphisms With Intracranial Aneurysms (2007)

Polymorphisms within the kallikrein gene cluster are associated with IA suggesting that the kallikreins are important candidate genes for IA.
Ceramic processing: An overview (1990)

Abstract Processing of ceramics is reviewed from a broad perspective, with emphasis on the predominant powder‐based methods, but with considerable attention to other methods. Major stages of the powder process, from preparation, modification, and handling, to sintering or pressure densification (or postdensification) are discussed. Nonpowder‐based methods, such as chemical vapor deposition, melt, and polymer pyrolysis processing, are also presented. Processing of ceramic composites is reviewed, noting the shifts in processing technology this entails. Practical aspects, such as part size, shape, volume, and the costs of various processes are also addressed.
Data locality in MapReduce: A network perspective (2014)

In MapReduce, placing computation near its input data is considered to be desirable since otherwise the data transmission introduces an additional delay to the task execution. This data locality problem has been studied in the literature. Most existing scheduling algorithms in MapReduce focus on improving performance through increasing locality. In this paper, we view the data locality problem from a network perspective. The key observation is that if we make appropriate use of the network to route the data chunk to the machine where it will be processed in advance, then processing a remote task is the same as processing a local task. In other words, instead of bringing computation close to data, we can also bring data close to computation to improve the system performance. However, to benefit from such a strategy, we must (i) balance the tasks assigned to local machines and those assigned to remote machines, and (ii) design the routing algorithm to avoid network congestion. Taking these challenges into consideration, we propose a scheduling/routing algorithm, named the Joint Scheduler, which utilizes both the computing resources and the communication network efficiently. To show that the Joint Scheduler has superior performance, we prove that the Join Scheduler can support any load that can be supported by some other algorithm, i.e., achieve the maximum capacity region. Simulation results demonstrate that with popularity skew, the Joint Scheduler improves the throughput significantly (more than 30% in our simulations) compared to the Hadoop Fair Scheduler with delay scheduling, which is the de facto industry standard. The delay performance is also evaluated through simulations, where we can see a significant delay reduce under the Joint Scheduler with moderate to heavy load.
Complex Numerical Processing for In-Focus Line-Field Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (2007)

We propose a non-iterative deconvolution method that can improve the out-of-focus lateral resolution in line-field spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. By using an inverse filter designed from the point spread function of the system, the out-of-focus lateral resolution can be enhanced to a level comparable with the in-focus resolution over the entire axial measurement range. The resolution before and after this deconvolution has been verified experimentally. Furthermore, the method has been applied to the measurement of an ex vivo porcine eye chamber, which has demonstrated that the method was satisfactorily applicable to biomedical applications.
Paroxysmal positional vertigo: an overview and the deposits repositioning maneuver. (1995)

In a retrospective live study, electronystagmographic (ENG) recordings in patients (n = 526) suffering from paroxysmal positional vertigo (PPV) of the posterior semicircular canal were divided into group I (n = 425) and group II (n = 101), depending on whether the vertigo could or could not be elicited at the time of recording. There was no statistical difference between the two groups for (1) the ipsilateral (fast phase toward the affected side) or the contralateral positional nystagmus (excluding the nystagmus recorded during the paroxysm) or (2) the bithermal caloric labyrinthine or directional preponderance; nor within each group for (1) the ipsilateral versus the contralateral positional nystagmus or (2) the ipsilateral (on the affected side) versus the contralateral labyrinthine and/or directional preponderance. In a prospective study, the deposits repositioning maneuver (DRM) was attempted in 41 patients. One day post-treatment patients felt no change, better, or free of vertigo. Most patients, who developed nystagmus in the final DRM head position similar to the nystagmus observed in the provocative head position had a better outcome. It is concluded that ENG recordings do not contribute to the diagnosis of PPV. The type of observed nystagmus in the final DRM head position is frequently an outcome predictor. Following the DRM, failures and/or recurrences are to be expected.
Superficial Liposuction Yields Superior Results for Most Patients (1997)

Marco Gasparotti, MD, Rome, Italy , is a plastic surgeon and an ASAPS corresponding member.



I perform superficial liposuction on about 85% of my patients. Removing fat from the superficial compartment allows the surgeon to have better control in redefining the body contour. In addition, for older patients with flaccid skin and for patients with deep hip roll and lateral femoral deformities, I believe that superficial liposuctioning is absolutely necessary for effective treatment.

The superficial liposuction technique works so well for young or older patients with flaccid skin because of its unique ability to promote skin retraction. Reducing the superficial layer of fat leaves the cutaneous adipose layer very thin and light. The thousands of crisscross tunnels just below the dermis that are created by superficial liposuctioning create a very thin flap that contracts easily, …
Suppression of tumorigenicity in Wilms tumor by the p15.5-p14 region of chromosome 11 (1991)

Wilms tumor has been associated with genomic alterations at both the 11p13 and 11p15 regions. To differentiate between the involvement of these two loci, a chromosome 11 was constructed that had one or the other region deleted, and this chromosome was introduced into the tumorigenic Wilms tumor cell line G401. When assayed for tumor-forming activity in nude mice, the 11p13-deleted, but not the 11p15.5-p14.1-deleted chromosome, retained its ability to suppress tumor formation. These results provide in vivo functional evidence for the existence of a second genetic locus (WT2) involved in suppressing the tumorigenic phenotype of Wilms tumor.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Organic Nitrate Esters: Guanylate Cyclase Activation and Tissue Relaxation. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A novel nonlinear state estimation technique based on sequential importance sampling and parallel filter banks (2005)

The sequential importance sampling (SIS) method, also known as particle filtering (PF), has emerged as a promising filtering technique for nonlinear and non-Gaussian systems in which state estimation is the ultimate objective. In the framework of PFs, the accuracy of this estimation depends on the choice of the proposal distribution, which is the problem that is addressed in this paper. Here, we propose a novel particle filtering algorithm which is based on state partitioning and a bank of extended Kalman filters to render a more accurate proposal distribution and hence yielding a more precise estimation of the state. Moreover, because of the improved proposal distribution, the new filter can achieve a given level of performance using fewer samples than its conventional SIS counterparts. Our results show that this new approach yields significantly unproved estimates of the state
PERFORMANCE-DERIVED BEHAVIOR VOCABULARIES: DATA-DRIVEN ACQUISITION OF SKILLS FROM MOTION (2004)

Control for and interaction with humanoid robots is often restrictive due to limitations of the robot platform and the high dimensionality of controlling systems with many degrees of freedom. We focus on the problem of providing a "skill-level interface" for a humanoid robot. Such an interface serves as (i) a modular foundation for structuring task-oriented control, (ii) a parsimonious abstraction of motor-level control (e.g. PD-servo control), and (iii) a means for grounding interactions between humans and robots through common skill vocabularies. Our approach to constructing skill-level interfaces is two-fold. First, we propose a representation for a skill-level interface as a "behavior vocabulary," a repertoire of modular exemplar-based memory models expressing kinematic motion. A module in such a vocabulary encodes a flow field (or gradient field) in joint angle space that describes the "flow" of kinematic motion for a particular skill-level behavior, enabling prediction from a given kinematic configuration. Second, we propose a data-driven method for deriving behavior vocabularies from time-series data of human motion using spatio-temporal dimension reduction and clustering. Results from evaluating an implementation of our methodology are presented along with the application of derived behavior vocabularies as predictors towards on-line humanoid trajectory formation and off-line motion synthesis.
How circuit size affects parallelism (1992)

The author addresses the issue of how well circuit parallelism scales with circuit size. Empirical studies using a single representation, switch-level, and two different timing models are presented. The results show that, in general, parallelism does not scale linearly with circuit size, and that the relationship between parallelism and circuit size is much more complex. The author first describes the simulators and methodology used to measure circuit parallelism. The circuit parallelism and percentage of parallelism of nine circuits, ranging in size from 200 to 61600 transistors, are described. Parallelism measurements from different instances of three circuit families are presented to show that, even within circuit families, relative parallelism is not constant for different instances.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Northern Arizona SNP Pipeline (NASP): accurate, flexible, and rapid identification of SNPs in WGS datasets (2016)

Abstract Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of bacteria is becoming standard practice in many laboratories. Applications for WGS analysis include phylogeography and molecular epidemiology, using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as the unit of evolution. The Northern Arizona SNP Pipeline (NASP) was developed as a reproducible pipeline that scales well with the large amount of WGS data typically used in comparative genomics applications. In this study, we demonstrate how NASP compares to other tools in the analysis of two real bacterial genomics datasets and one simulated dataset. Our results demonstrate that NASP produces comparable, and often better, results to other pipelines, but is much more flexible in terms of data input types, job management systems, diversity of supported tools, and output formats. We also demonstrate differences in results based on the choice of the reference genome and choice of inferring phylogenies from concatenated SNPs or alignments including monomorphic positions. NASP represents a source-available, version-controlled, unit-tested method and can be obtained from tgennorth.github.io/NASP.
Self-assembled micro-organogels for 3D printing silicone structures (2017)

The widespread prevalence of commercial products made from microgels illustrates the immense practical value of harnessing the jamming transition; there are countless ways to use soft, solid materials that fluidize and become solid again with small variations in applied stress. The traditional routes of microgel synthesis produce materials that predominantly swell in aqueous solvents or, less often, in aggressive organic solvents, constraining ways that these exceptionally useful materials can be used. For example, aqueous microgels have been used as the foundation of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting applications, yet the incompatibility of available microgels with nonpolar liquids, such as oils, limits their use in 3D printing with oil-based materials, such as silicone. We present a method to make micro-organogels swollen in mineral oil, using block copolymer self-assembly. The rheological properties of this micro-organogel material can be tuned, leveraging the jamming transition to facilitate its use in 3D printing of silicone structures. We find that the minimum printed feature size can be controlled by the yield stress of the micro-organogel medium, enabling the fabrication of numerous complex silicone structures, including branched perfusable networks and functional fluid pumps.
Cineole as skin penetration enhancer. (2000)

Cineole is a chief constituent of eucalyptus oil and constitutes almost 80% of this essential oil. A study was conducted on skin penetration enhancing capacity of cineole (1, 8-cineole) towards the permeation of 5 flurouracil in excised rat skin; it caused almost 83 fold increase in drug permeability co-efficient, the mode of action of acceleration may be described by combined process of partition and diffusion.
Power Fluctuations From Large Wind Farms (2007)

This paper deals with power fluctuations from wind farms. The time range in focus is between one minute and up to a couple of hours. In this time range, substantial power fluctuations have been observed during unstable weather conditions. A wind power fluctuation model is described, and measured time series from the first large offshore wind farm, Horns Rev in Denmark, are compared to simulated time series. The comparison between measured and simulated time series focuses on the ramping characteristics of the wind farm at different power levels and on the need for system generation reserves due to the fluctuations. The comparison shows a reasonable agreement between simulations and measurements, although there is still room for improvement of the simulation model.
The Correlates of Influenza Vaccination among Korean Elderly Men and Women (2011)

Purpose:This study aimed to investigate the rate of and factors associated with influenza vaccination in Korean elderly people. Methods: For this retrospective cross sectional study, we used data from the Korean National - HealthandNutritionExaminationSurvey (KNHANES) 2008. A total of 1,516 menand womenaged65 or above were included. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results:The overall rate of influenzavaccination in 2008was 73.6%. Thevaccination rate waslower inwomen (73.2%) than inmen (74.2%; p<.001). It waslower inthe elderlyaged80andabove, thoselivinginmetropolitanareas, smokers,those who did not receive regular health screening, those who had no history of hospitalization within one year, and those who had liver diseases than in the other groups. The rate of vaccination was higher in those with cancer. Logistic regression analysis revealed that for both men and women, the significant correlates associated with vaccination were demographic factors, chronic disease and health behavior. Conclusion: The influenza vaccinationcoverageneedstobe improved. Efforts shouldbemade toreachtheelderly populationwithrelatively low influenzavaccinationratesandtoincrease awarenessabout theimportanceof vaccinationat apersonal and community level.
Absorption Coefficient of Ozone in the Ultraviolet and Visible Regions (1953)

As an extension to previous measurements on absorption coefficients-of ozone in the vacuum ultraviolet, similar measurements have been made in the near ultraviolet from the overlapping region at 2000A up to about 3500A and in the visible from about 4000–7500A. The absorption coefficient measurements were made using ozone gas obtained by direct vaporization from liquid ozone of high purity (at least 90–95 percent) and the optical densities measured with a Cary recording spectrophotometer with a 10-cm quartz absorption dell. The method is essentially different from those used by previous investigators, e.g., photoelectric detectors instead of photographic, pure ozone instead of ozonized oxygen, and the absorption cell located at the exit slit instead of between the light source and entrance slit. The absorption coefficients obtained are somewhat consistently lower than those previously reported by Ny and Choong, hitherto considered the most reliable.
A Multibit Delta–Sigma Modulator With Double Noise-Shaped Segmentation (2014)

This brief proposes a low-power architecture for a discrete-time (DT) delta-sigma modulator to take full advantages of increased quantization levels. In the proposed architecture, noise-shaped segmentation is applied to both the quantizer and the feedback digital-to-analog converter to maintain a high resolution and a high linearity and, at the same time, keep the hardware complexity low. This leads to a significantly reduced output swing of the integrator to minimize the slewing-related distortion in a DT implementation. The resulting uniform linear settling behavior can tolerate a relatively large settling error without degrading the performance, which greatly relaxes the bandwidth requirement of the op-amp design. The reduced output swing also allows the use of low-gain amplifiers, which is particularly attractive for an advanced technology in which the intrinsic gain of the transistor is degraded. The proposed architecture is analyzed and verified through simulation.