gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
March tests for word-oriented two-port memories (2003)

This paper presents an approach for testing word-oriented multi-port memories. Fault models for such memories are given based on fault models for bit-oriented multi-port memories. A distinction between intra-word faults and inter-word faults as made. A systematic way of converting bit-oriented multi-port memory tests into word-oriented multi-port memory tests is presented.
Antiviral Activity of Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for the Internal Proteins N and NS of Rabies Virus (1987)

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for the rabies virus nucleoprotein (N protein) and non-structural (NS) protein of the nucleocapsid were introduced into adherent cells (fibroblasts and neuroblastoma) by the scrape-loading technique. After the cells had reattached to the substrate, they were infected with rabies virus. Inhibition of infection was monitored by measuring the intracytoplasmic viral nucleocapsid accumulation with an enzyme immunoassay using anti-N protein rabbit serum and by measuring the release of infectious virus with the plaquing system. Seventeen MAbs defining the three independent antigenic sites on the N protein were able to decrease nucleocapsid accumulation and the release of infectious virus. The MAbs describing the two antigenic sites on NS protein also had an antiviral effect on ERA virus. When an anti-N MAb (0.5 ng per cell) was introduced into CVS-infected cells, virus inhibition was complete if the anti-N MAb was introduced between 0 and 5 h post-infection and ineffective beyond 9 h post-infection. The inhibition was dose-dependent. The MAbs could block virus multiplication either by 'neutralizing' newly translated N and NS proteins or by impairing the initial transcription of the genome.
The efficacy of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors in depression: a meta-analysis of studies against tricyclic antidepressants (1994)

A meta-analysis of the efficacy of five selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) against non-selective and noradrenergic re-uptake inhibitors (mainly tricyclic antidepressants, TCAs) is presented. Fifty five double- blind studies were identified after excluding those multiply reported or with methodological problems likely to bias the outcome in favour of SSRIs. Standardised effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals were calculated based on the difference in the reduction in mean Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS) scores for the two antidepressants. For studies not reporting standard deviations, the pooled variance from complete studies was used and a variance-weighted mean effect size calculated. There were no differences in efficacy between SSRIs and comparator antidepressants for SSRIs taken together or individually. If studies were classified into high and low depression scores based on a median split of initial HDRS scores, there was a slight advantage to TCAs in the high HDRS group. In addition, SSRIs were slightly less effective than TCAs in in-patients and against combined serotonin and noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitors (clomipramine and amitriptyline). These findings were accounted for by a clinically significant lower efficacy of paroxetine in these subgroups. In contrast, SSRIs as a group were marginally more effective than noradrenergic antidepressants, a finding accounted for by two studies with sertraline. Fluvoxamine was the only SSRI to have been tested adequately in in-patients, where it displayed equal efficacy to TCAs. This meta-analysis confirms that SSRIs and TCAs are in general equally effective, but suggests that paroxetine's efficacy in in-patients and against clomipramine and amitriptyline is not proven.
Kinetic model and mechanism of Y<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub>formation in hydrothermal and thermovaporous synthesis (2001)

Abstract Kinetics and mechanism of fine-crystalline yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG) formation under hydrothermal and thermovaporous treatment were investigated. It was synthesized from the stoichiomctric mixture of oxides in the temperature range 200-400°C at pressures of water vapor 4.0-26MPa. It was established that in quasiequilibrium with water vapor conditions the synthesis of YAG proceeds with formation of intermediate substance with Y(OH)3 structure and amorphous aluminous component. The diffusion of this aluminous component into the Y(OH)3 matrix resulted in the reorganization of oxygen sublattice accompanied with dehydroxylation. The kinetics of YAG formation is described by the equation of solid-phase transformation with the limiting stage of nucleation. Synthesized YAG contains 5-7% of water, which corresponds to a hydrogarnet structure. The study of luminescence properties of YAG doped with Nd3+ or Cr3+ ions has allowed to determine the positions of hydroxyl groups and oxygen vacancies in the structure.
Transformers for Lunar Extreme Environments: Ensuring Long-Term Operations in Regions of Darkness and Low Temperatures (2017)

This report shows how solar power could enable robotic operations in permanently shaded regions at lunar poles, to extract water ice and further produce liquid hydrogen and oxygen (LH2/LO2) propellant. The power needs are derived from an Architecture for Human Exploration of Mars based entirely on lunar propellant. The extraction of 10 metric tons of water per day (at 10% water in regolith) requires approx. 0.6 MW thermal power. Additional approx. 2 MW electric power are required to produce 7.5 metric tons of LH2/LO2 propellant per day, as needed by the architecture. To provide power to processing equipment inside Shackleton Crater, optimal locations are determined on the crater rim, from which several reflecting TransFormers (TFs) would redirect sunlight, achieving a combined period of illumination of approx. 99% of the year. A single 40-m diameter reflector could provide up to 1 MW solar power. Inflatable rigidizable tower support structures raise reflectors above ground for better solar exposure. There are trade-offs: e.g., two reflectors at ground level would provide the same combined total illumination as a single tower approx. 100-m tall. Such a TF based on a 100-m tower made with inflatable 2-m beams and 40-m diameter reflectors would be of similar dimensions as an MSL-class rover (approx. 1000 kg, 10 m(exp 3)). A TF-prospector rover combo could be designed and deployed in a Discovery-class mission searching for water. The TransFormers would be nodes of a Lunar Utilities Infrastructure that provides solar power year-round in the proximity of the pole, as well as local data transmission andintermittent direct to earth communications. This infrastructure would be instrumental infacilitating the development of a lunar economy.
ITFBS: adaptive intrusion-tolerant scheme for body sensor networks in smart space applications (2011)

As an important part of the smart space, body sensor networks (BSNs) provide continuous health monitoring and automation assistance for smart environment residents. A high degree of security and reliability for BSN is extremely required. An adaptive and flexible intrusion-tolerant scheme for BSN, namely ITFBS, is proposed. ITFBS dynamically detects intrusions according to the collected intrusion-related information, and it can provide an adaptive intrusion-tolerant strategy with passive replication by utilising two-step threshold-based intrusion detection and replicas classification. The correctness and effectiveness of ITFBS is theoretically proved, and the experimental results show that ITFBS can effectively tolerate intrusions with low power consumption and high adaptability.
Thrombin Induces the Redistribution and Acute Release of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor From Specific Granules Within Human Endothelial Cells in Culture (1995)

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is a vascular anticoagulant that regulates the tissue (TF)-dependent pathway of coagulation. The majority of intravascular TFPI is thought to be noncovalently bound to the vessel wall. Our immunolocalization studies in cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and immortalized EA.hy926 cells that TFPI is located in well-defined granules evenly spread over the cell surface and with apical polarization within the cytoplasm. These granules are smaller than and distinct from Weibel-Palade bodies. Upon treatment of cultured cells with low concentrations of thrombin (0.01 to 1 NIH U/mL), a marked redistribution of TFPI, occurred with patching in focal points and increased exposure of both TFPI antigen and anticoagulant activity on the surface of the stimulated endothelial cells. This redistribution was paralleled by an acute release of TFPI in the cell medium. EA.hy926 cells responded more readily to thrombin stimulation than HUVECs. The process was inhibited by both hirudin and anti-thrombin receptor antibody. Our findings demonstrate a novel mechanism by which thrombin may exert a negative feedback control on blood coagulation. Therefore, this pathway can be physiological importance in controlling TF-mediated thrombin generation.
Application-specific worst case corners using response surfaces and statistical models (2005)

Integrated circuits (ICs) must be robust to manufacturing variations. Circuit simulation at a set of worst case corners is a computationally efficient method for verifying the robustness of a design. This paper presents a new statistical methodology to determine the worst case corners for a set of circuit performances. The proposed methodology first estimates response surfaces for circuit performances as quadratic functions of the process parameters with known statistical distributions. These response surfaces are then used to extract the worst case corners in the process parameter space as the points where the circuit performances are at their minimum/maximum values corresponding to a specified tolerance level. Corners in the process parameter space close to each other are clustered to reduce their number, which reduces the number of simulations required for design verification. The novel concept of a relaxation coefficient to ensure that the corners capture the minimum/maximum values of all the circuit performances at the desired tolerance level is also introduced. The corners are realistic since they are derived from the multivariate statistical distribution of the process parameters at the desired tolerance level. The methodology is demonstrated with examples showing extraction of corners from digital standard cells and also the corners for analog/radio frequency (RF) blocks found in typical communication ICs.
Post-processing of Direct Teaching Trajectory in Industrial Robots (2012)

Direct teaching of the industrial robot is a novel technique to easily teach manipulators. However, teaching data by human hand cannot help having large noise errors ranging from low to high frequency. To use teaching data, post-processing to correct the teaching trajectory is required. Here, a novel shape-based trajectory correction method to rebuild teaching data with the feature information of curvature and velocity is proposed. The proposed method is tested on square and circular objects.
Inhibition of HIV infectivity by lactoperoxidase-produced hypothiocyanite. (1990)

HIV aliquots, from a supernatant of ARV-4 cell line, were mixed with an equal volume of a OSCN.generating glucose-glucose oxidase + thiocyanate-lacteroperoxidase solution, and then pre-incubated at 37 degrees C for periods of 30 secs to one hour. These mixtures were then inoculated into cultures of phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes. Viral growth was monitored with an ELISA quantitating the specific p24 protein either in the culture cells or in the supernatant. In control experiments, the virus produced both intra- and extra-cellular p24. In the controls, concentration of p24 per 10(6) lymphocytes grew rapidly. By contrast, HIV that was pretreated with the OSCN generating system for 30 sec., produced very little p24, and no detectable amount of this protein could be found after 2 min. pre-treatment.
Mutational analysis of the membrane-proximal cleavage site of L-selectin: relaxed sequence specificity surrounding the cleavage site. (1995)

L-selectin expression is regulated in part by membrane-proximal cleavage from the cell surface of leukocytes and L-selectin-transfected cells. The downregulation of L-selectin from the surface of neutrophils is speculated to be a process involved in the adhesion cascade leading to neutrophil recruitment to sites of inflammation. We previously reported that L-selectin is cleaved between Lys321 and Ser322 in a region that links the second short consensus repeat (SCR) and the transmembrane domain. We demonstrate that replacing this cleavage domain of L-selectin with the corresponding region of E-selectin prevents L-selectin shedding, as judged by inhibiting the generation of the 68-kD soluble and 6-kD transmembrane cleavage products of L-selectin. Unexpectedly, we found that point mutations of the cleavage site, as well as mutations of multiple conserved amino acids within the cleavage domain, do not significantly affect L-selectin shedding. However, short deletions of four or five amino acids in the L-selectin cleavage domain inhibit L-selectin downregulation. Mutations that appeared to inhibit L-selectin shedding resulted in higher levels of cell surface expression, consistent with a lack of apparent proteolysis from the cell membrane. One deletion mutant, I327 delta N332, retains the native cleavage site yet inhibits L-selectin proteolysis as well. Restoring the amino acids deleted between I327 and N332 with five alanine residues restores L-selectin proteolysis. Thus, the proteolytic processing of L-selectin appears to have a relaxed sequence specificity at the cleavage site, and it may depend on the physical length or other secondary structural characteristics of the cleavage domain.
Understanding the effects of rhythmic coordination on children's prosocial behaviours (2021)

Abstract Joint rhythmic activities are known to be able to enhance prosociality in both adults and children. A large body of research shows that rhythmic coordination could promote bonding and increase prosocial behaviours such as helping, cooperating and sharing, suggesting that rhythmic interaction could be an effective tool to promote children's prosocial development. Nevertheless, the mechanism underlying the prosocial effects of rhythmic activities remains under debate. In this brief paper, we review a selection of literature that examines this mechanism from the perspective of interpersonal coordination, discussing the roles mimicry, synchrony, coordination and shared intentionality play in the process. In the end, we provide recommendations for future work to advance our understanding of the effects of rhythmic interaction on prosociality and future practice to improve children's prosocial development.
Selective C–H Bond Activation via NO<sub><i>x</i></sub>-Mediated Generation of Strong H-Abstractors (2019)

Mechanistic details and product distributions for C3H8–O2 reactions catalyzed by gas-phase NOx species are compared to reactions on solid V2O5 catalysts. C3H8 conversions are greatly enhanced by addition of small concentrations of NO to C3H8–O2 mixtures without solid catalysts because homogeneous catalytic redox cycles involving oxidation of NO to NO2, reduction by H-addition to form HONO and release of OH radicals facilitate abstraction of H-atoms from strong C–H bonds in C3H8. NOx-mediated conversions exhibit C3H6 selectivity values among the highest reported at similar oxidative conditions because OH radicals are strong abstractors that activate C–H bonds via early transition states that do not exhibit significant bond elongation, which dampens bond-strength sensitivity and the preference to activate weak allylic C–H bonds in C3H6 products over strong bonds in C3H8. C3H8 conversion rates increase with residence time and NO, O2, and H2O pressures and exhibit supra-linear dependence on C3H8 pressure with trends analogous to homogeneous systems involving H-abstraction by OH radicals but significantly different from V2O5 catalysts that exhibit linear C3H8 pressure dependence and weak sensitivity to the other parameters. Temperature dependencies of rate-constant-ratios representing activation energy differences between primary and secondary C3H8 and allylic C3H6 C–H bonds in NOx-catalyzed routes are much weaker than V2O5, consistent with dampened bond-strength sensitivity that is also observed in density functional theory estimates of these differences for OH radicals. NOx mediation enables efficient alkane activation providing high productivity and yields at moderate temperatures, which is important for chemical transformations requiring rate-limiting C–H activation.
Electrostatic treatment of bean seeds (1999)

The classical methods of seed treatment make use of chemical substances which are either expensive or harmful to the soil. This paper demonstrates that exposure to the action of a high-intensity electric field can be an effective substitute for the chemical agents. The experiments were carried out on bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgare), naturally infected with Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. Under normal conditions (no treatment), only about 30% of a reference sample of such seeds germinated. Other samples were subjected to 50 Hz electric fields ranging from 2 to 16 kV/cm with exposure time ranging from 1 to 30 s. In the optimum laboratory test, more than 99% of the seeds germinated. The weight of the resulting bean plants was significantly greater than those grown from nontreated seeds. The field tests proved the efficiency of this method, which could be successfully employed for the prevention or treatment of various seed-transmitted diseases of plants. Ozone generation by partial discharges between seeds seems to be the main sterilizing agent, while the activation of OH radicals under the action of the high-intensity electric field may explain the intensification of the biological processes. The automated seed treatment installation proposed in this paper consists of a plate-type capacitor, supplied from a 75 kV 50 Hz generator. Special devices ensure the rapid transfer of the material to and from the seed treatment cell. The method and the apparatus for seed treatment have been patented.
A scalable key distribution scheme for conditional access system in digital pay-TV system (2004)

Conditional access system (CAS) is the essential basis of a digital pay-TV system, which is used to prevent unauthorized access to audio/video data and ensure the benefit of the service providers. In the CAS, key distribution is an essential part, whether the distribution scheme succeeding or not can directly affect the security of the CAS. In this paper, based on four-level key hierarchy, a new key distribution scheme based on grouping access control for conditional access system in digital pay-TV system is presented, in which we adopt the new scheme to generate and distribute authorization key and group key more efficiently. Our key distribution scheme can greatly reduce computation overhead and the complexity while providing higher security. Moreover, the proposed scheme is scalable in processing joining and leaving of subscribers, which makes service provider easy to manage the subscribers dynamically. In the end, we analyze the security and performance of the proposed scheme and compare it with other schemes. It shows that our proposed scheme is efficient and suitable for a digital pay-TV system which can provide both PPC and PPV services and is feasible for practical application.
A Key Predistribution Scheme for Sensor Networks Using Deployment Knowledge (2006)

To achieve security in wireless sensor networks, it is important to be able to encrypt messages sent among sensor nodes. Keys for encryption purposes must be agreed upon by communicating nodes. Due to resource constraints, achieving such key agreement in wireless sensor networks is nontrivial. Many key agreement schemes used in general networks, such as Diffie-Hellman and public-key-based schemes, are not suitable for wireless sensor networks. Predistribution of secret keys for all pairs of nodes is not viable due to the large amount of memory used when the network size is large. Recently, a random key predistribution scheme and its improvements have been proposed. A common assumption made by these random key predistribution schemes is that no deployment knowledge is available. Noticing that, in many practical scenarios, certain deployment knowledge may be available a priori, we propose a novel random key predistribution scheme that exploits deployment knowledge and avoids unnecessary key assignments. We show that the performance (including connectivity, memory usage, and network resilience against node capture) of sensor networks can be substantially improved with the use of our proposed scheme. The scheme and its detailed performance evaluation are presented in this paper.
Understanding the Security Implication of Aborting Virtual Machine Live Migration (2020)

Live migration of Virtual machines (VMs) has become a regular tool for edge and cloud operators to facilitate system maintenance, fault tolerance, and load balancing, with little impact on running instances. However, the potential security risks of live migration of VMs are still obscure. In this article, we expose a new vulnerability in the existing VM live migration approaches, especially the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">post-copy</i> approach. The entire live migration mechanism relies upon reliable TCP connectivity for the transfer of the VM state. We demonstrate that, if the host server is vulnerable to off-path TCP attacks, the loss of TCP reliability leads to VM live migration failure. We demonstrate that, by intentionally aborting the TCP connection, attackers can cause unrecoverable memory inconsistency for <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">post-copy</i> , leading to a significant increase in downtime and performance degradation of the running VM. Additionally, we present detailed techniques to reset the migration connection under heavy networking traffic. We also propose effective defenses to secure the VM live migration. Our experimental results demonstrate that memory inconsistencies could be devastating to some applications, and it only takes a few minutes to reset a heavy migration connection.
Preparation and photoconductive properties of sintered films of CdS–CdTe mixed crystals (1977)

Sintered films in which two phases coexist are prepared making use of the characteristics of the CdS–CdTe phase diagram. The two phases are CdS0.13Te0.87 and CdS0.96Te0.04. They have energy gaps of 1·4 and 2.1 eV, respectively. The sintered films have as high photoconductive sensitivity as CdS and in their spectrum two sensitivity peaks at 600 and 900 nm. The former is attributed to the photoconduction in CdS0.96Te0.04 and the latter to a new mechanism, the combination of photoconductive and photovoltaic effect. Unter Benutzung von CdS–CdTe-Phasendiagramm-Charakteristiken werden gesinterte Filme hergestellt, bei denen zwei Phasen koexistieren. Die zwei Phasen sind CdS0.13Te0.87 und CdS0,96Te0,04 mit Bandabständen von 1,4 beziehungsweise 2,1 eV. Die gesinterten Filme haben eine ebenso hohe Photoleitungs-Empfindlichkeit wie CdS und haben in ihrem Spektrum bei 600 und 900 nm zwei Empfindlichkeitsmaxima. Das erstere ist zurückzuführen auf die Photoleitung in CdS0,96Te0,04 und das letztere auf einen neuen Mechanismus, einer Kombination der Photoleitung und des photogalvanischen Effekts.
An empirical correlation for viscosity of molten salt hydrates (1984)

Abstract An empirical correlation between reduced viscosity and reduced temperature for molten salt hydrates showing Arrhenius behavior above their melting points has been reported. This correlation predicts the viscosity of molten salt hydrates at temperatures not more than 15 to 30°C above the melting points, within an accuracy of ±5%. Consistency tests for viscosity data using reduced parameters have been reported.