gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A multichannel electron energy loss spectrometer for low-temperature condensed films (2004)

We describe a wide-gap multichannel cylindrical deflection electron energy analyzer suitable for measuring the weak signals characteristic of electronically inelastic electron energy loss spectra. The analyzer has nearly ideal fringing field termination, and its resolution and energy dispersion were characterized as a function of energy by solving numerically the equation of motion of electrons in an ideal cylindrical electric field. The numerical results for the radial location of the electrons at the detector as a function of the entrance location, angle, and energy are closely approximated by a second order polynomial, and match closely with those observed. The detection efficiency of the analyzer is 100-150 times better than that of an equivalent single-channel instrument, but limited energy transmission of the zoom lens system used in our case reduced it by a factor of about 2. The performance of the new instrument was demonstrated by measuring the (3)E(1u) electronic spectrum of benzene in only 2 min and the spectrum of endo-benzotricyclo[4.2.1.0(2.5)]nonane.
Structural basis for inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases by Keggin compounds phosphomolybdate and phosphotungstate (2002)

Protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) constitute a family of receptor-like, and cytoplasmic enzymes, which catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine residues in a variety of receptors and signaling molecules. Together with protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), PTPs are critically involved in regulating many cellular signaling processes. In this study, diverse compounds were screened for PTP inhibition and selectively screened for inhibitors with the end product inhibition properties. Among phosphate analogues and their derivatives for PTP inhibition, Keggin compounds phosphomolybdate (PM) and phosphotungstate (PT) strongly inhibited both PTP-1B and SHP-1, with K(i) values of 0.06-1.2 micromM in the presence of EDTA. Unlike the vanadium compounds, inhibition potencies of PM and PT were not significantly affected by EDTA. PM and PT were potent, competitive inhibitors for PTPs, but relatively poor inhibitors of Ser/Thr phosphatase. Interestingly, PM and PT did not inhibit alkaline phosphatase at all. The crystal structure of PTP-1B in complex with PM, at 2.0 A resolution, reveals that MoO(3), derived from PM by hydrolysis, binds at the active site. The molybdenium atom of the inhibitor is coordinated with six ligands: three oxo-ligands, two apical water molecules and a S atom of the catalytic cysteine residue. In support of the crystallographic finding, we observed that molybdenium oxides (MoO(3), MoO(2), and MoO(2)Cl(2)) inhibited PTP-1B with IC(50) in the range 5-15 micromM.
An accurate direct extraction technique for the MBVD resonator model (2004)

A fast method for direct parameter extraction piezoelectric film elprodes has been developed and applied for characterizing film hulk acoustic resonators (FBAR). The modified Bntterworth-Van Dyke (MBVD) model has been used to this end. The measured FBAR data is fitted to an analytical expression containing a set of unknown coefficients, which are then calculated by means of minimizing an error function. Once the coeBcients are calcnlated, the lumped circuit elements in the MBVD model can he readily extracted. Further, since the model is only valid at near resonance frequencies a weight function is proposed. The presented extraction method in this work is fast, easy to implement and readily lends itself to computer automation.
Plasma coenzyme Q (ubiquinone) concentrations in patients treated with simvastatin. (1993)

Plasma coenzyme Q (CoQ) was measured in 20 hyperlipidaemic patients treated with diet and simvastatin (an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase); 22 hyperlipidaemic patients treated with diet with alone; and 20 normal controls. Patients treated with simvastatin had a significantly lower plasma CoQ and CoQ: cholesterol ratio than either patients receiving diet alone or normal controls. Use of simvastatin was inversely and independently correlated with both CoQ (p < 0.0001) and CoQ: cholesterol ratio (p < 0.01). There was a significant inverse association between CoQ and dose of simvastatin (p < 0.001). It is concluded that simvastatin may lower the plasma CoQ concentration and this may be greater than the reduction in cholesterol. The possible adverse effect of simvastatin on the metabolism of CoQ may be clinically important and requires further study.
THE ADSORPTION OF GASES AND VAPORS ON PLANE SURFACES (1932)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE ADSORPTION OF GASES AND VAPORS ON PLANE SURFACESC. E. H. BawnCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1932, 54, 1, 72–86Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1932Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1932https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01340a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01340a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views73Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Computer for Correlation Functions (1952)

Correlation functions of data, such as fading radio signals or temperature and humidity fluctuations of the atmosphere, offer a powerful tool for analysis. By conventional methods, computation of these functions is long and tedious. This paper describes a computer which was constructed for this purpose. The data to be studied are transcribed onto magnetic tapes. These tapes are then run through a computer which computes the auto- or cross-correlation functions and plots the resulting function through a recording meter. An example of the application of this computer to the study of the turbulence of the atmosphere is shown.
WalliD: Secure your ID in an Ethereum Wallet (2018)

Businesses and organizations have for long been trying to tackle the most prominent issues regarding identity management and systems. Traditionally, the proof of trust concerning the identification of a citizen, a customer or a participant in any business or transaction consisted always in a physical evidence (e.g., a signature, fingerprint, photo or other) whose value would rely on a trusted third-party such as a notary or attorney that confirmed the veracity of that physical evidence. More recent approaches include novel types of evidence such as digital certificates, but still these have no value unless they are issued and signed by a trusted centralized third-party that confirms the authenticity of the certificate. These are then often used by businesses to identify and trace their parties and stakeholders, in a process known as "Know Your Customer" (KYC). This process is often slow and requires costly human intervention. This paper presents WalliD, a decentralized approach of a secure protocol to handle customer identification using Blockchain. The paper then shows a proof of concept workflow implementation of this protocol developed using an Ethereum Wallet.
Impact ionization rates in an InGaAs/InAlAs superlattice (1989)

An In0.53Ga0.47As/In0.52Al0.48As superlattice avalanche photodiode is fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy, and ionization rates are measured. The electron ionization rate is enhanced by a factor of 20 over hole ionization rate. This is the first time that such a remarkable increase has been observed for a superlattice. The increase is attributed to the large conduction-band offset.
Clinical and pathogenetic substantiation of prevention of obstetrical complications in pregnant women with varicose disease (2016)

The article presents the results of an improved method of antenatal surveillance of pregnant women with varicose disease which included the national medical drug that is a combination of 50 mg hesperidin and 450 mg diosmin (Normoven, PC «Kyiv Vitamin Factory»). Patients and methods. The study involved 49 pregnant women with varicose veins, which were divided into the basic and comparative group depending on the received treatment. The clinical and functional parameters, laboratory and instrumental methods were studied. The control group consisted of 23 pregnant women without varicose veins. Results. The absence of progression of clinical symptoms of the disease in 87.5% of pregnant women with varicose veins and improvement of the hemostatic parameters reflects the effectiveness of this therapy for the correction of the rheological properties of blood. The inclusion of hesperidin and diosmin to the complex therapy in pregnant women allowed to decrease the percentage of progression of changes in the venous system of the lower extremities almost twice. The normalization of processes of biosynthesis placental hormones in pregnant women shows the feasibility of using the drug with the systemic effects. The increase of the amplitude of instantaneous oscillations and the amplitude and duration of accelerations (p<0.05) according to the cardiotocographical observation indicates in favor of improving the state of the fetus in pregnant women. Conclusions. The inclusion of diosmin and hesperidin to the complex treatment of varicose veins in pregnant women is pathogenetically justified as it improves the degree of clinical manifestations of disease, hemostatic parameters , hormonal function of the placenta and fetus state. Key words: pregnancy, varicose veins, placental hormones, hemostatic parameters, hesperidin, diosmin.
Exercise-oncology research: Past, present, and future (2012)

There have been significant leaps in knowledge regarding the role and efficacy of exercise therapy in cancer survivors over the past 25 years. On the platform of this evidence base, it is now time to launch the next generation of research to ensure continued progress in this emergent field. This work will continue to contribute to the ultimate goal of improving both the quantity and quality of life of persons diagnosed with cancer.
Videoscapes (2012)

The abundance of mobile devices and digital cameras with video capture makes it easy to obtain large collections of video clips that contain the same location, environment, or event. However, such an unstructured collection is difficult to comprehend and explore. We propose a system that analyzes collections of unstructured but related video data to create a Videoscape : a data structure that enables interactive exploration of video collections by visually navigating -- spatially and/or temporally -- between different clips. We automatically identify transition opportunities, or portals . From these portals, we construct the Videoscape, a graph whose edges are video clips and whose nodes are portals between clips. Now structured, the videos can be interactively explored by walking the graph or by geographic map. Given this system, we gauge preference for different video transition styles in a user study, and generate heuristics that automatically choose an appropriate transition style. We evaluate our system using three further user studies, which allows us to conclude that Videoscapes provides significant benefits over related methods. Our system leads to previously unseen ways of interactive spatio-temporal exploration of casually captured videos, and we demonstrate this on several video collections.
<i>uvrA</i> Is an Acid-Inducible Gene Involved in the Adaptive Response to Low pH in <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> (2001)

The pH-inducible acid tolerance response (ATR) is believed to play a major role in acid adaptation and virulence of Streptococcus mutans. To study this phenomenon in S. mutans JH1005, differential display PCR was used to identify and clone 13 cDNA products that had increased expression in response to pH 5.0 compared to that of pH 7.5-grown cells. One of these products, confirmed to be pH inducible by RNA dot blot and reverse transcription-PCR analyses, had 67% identity to a uvrA-UV repair excinuclease gene in Bacillus subtilis. Further sequence analysis of the uvrA homologue using the S. mutans genome database revealed that the complete gene was encoded in an open reading frame (ORF) of 2,829 bp (944 amino acids; 104.67 kDa). Immediately 3' of uvrA was an ORF encoding a putative aminopeptidase gene (pepP). uvrA knockouts were constructed in S. mutans strains JH1005, NG8, and UA159 using allelic-exchange mutagenesis, replacing the entire gene with an erythromycin resistance cassette. As with uvrA mutants in other bacteria, the S. mutans uvrA mutants were extremely sensitive to UV irradiation. The uvrA mutant of S. mutans JH1005 was also more sensitive than the wild type to growth at pH 5.0, showing a 15% reduction in growth rate and a 14% reduction in final resting culture density. Acid-adapted S. mutans JH1005 uvrA mutants were shown to be more resistant to UV irradiation than was the parent but were unable to survive exposure to a killing pH of 3.0. Moreover, agarose gel electrophoretic analysis of chromosomal DNA isolated from uvrA-deficient cells exposed to low pH demonstrated more DNA damage than that for the wild-type strain. Here we suggest that uvrA and the nucleotide excision repair pathway are involved in the repair of acid-induced DNA damage and are associated with successful adaptation of S. mutans to low pH.
Effect of foliar arrangement on the leaf epidermal structures in Areca palm (<i>Areca catechu</i>Linn.) (1996)

The Areca palm (Areca catechu Linn.) shows alternate phyllotaxy with angular deflection of about 143° between two consecutive leaves, which leads to a spiral mechanism. Foliar spirality of the plant may either be left (FSL) or right (FSR). Analysis of data on five consecutive leaves of 10 FSR and 10 FSL seedlings of Areca catechu reveals that the former plants possess a significantly (P ≤ 0.01) higher number of stomata and stomatal indices over the latter ones. However, sides of each individual leaf have no effect in determining stomatal frequency, number of epidermal cells and their length. Sides of individual leaf vary significantly (P ≤ 0.05) only in respect of number of epidermal cells and their width. The foliar spirality of a plant, therefore, has a significant role in determining number of stomata per unit area.
Raising yield potential of wheat. II. Increasing photosynthetic capacity and efficiency (2010)

Past increases in yield potential of wheat have largely resulted from improvements in harvest index rather than increased biomass. Further large increases in harvest index are unlikely, but an opportunity exists for increasing productive biomass and harvestable grain. Photosynthetic capacity and efficiency are bottlenecks to raising productivity and there is strong evidence that increasing photosynthesis will increase crop yields provided that other constraints do not become limiting. Even small increases in the rate of net photosynthesis can translate into large increases in biomass and hence yield, since carbon assimilation is integrated over the entire growing season and crop canopy. This review discusses the strategies to increase photosynthesis that are being proposed by the wheat yield consortium in order to increase wheat yields. These include: selection for photosynthetic capacity and efficiency, increasing ear photosynthesis, optimizing canopy photosynthesis, introducing chloroplast CO(2) pumps, increasing RuBP regeneration, improving the thermal stability of Rubisco activase, and replacing wheat Rubisco with that from other species with different kinetic properties.
Tuning the Transparency of Cu<sub>2</sub>O with Substitutional Cation Doping (2008)

Materials derived from copper oxide, Cu2O, are potential p-type transparent conducting oxides. Cu2O displays some unusual features, including p-type semiconductivity and the importance of cation−cation interactions in determining the band gap and transparency. We apply first-principles density functional theory to investigate how dopants with a range of ionic radii, oxidation states, and electronic structure can be used to tune the band gap. Unlike many oxides, in which the band gap is reduced by the appearance of dopant induced states in the host band gap, the band gap of Cu2O can be both increased or decreased by a suitable choice of dopant. Two effects dominate: (i) dopant-induced changes to the Cu−Cu interactions through structural distortions around the dopant site and (ii) the alignment of the dopant electronic states with the valence band or conduction band of Cu2O. Dopants with ionic radii larger than Cu+ (Ba2+, Sn2+, Cd2+, In3+, La3+, and Ce4+) produce strong structural distortions around the dopant site. Dopants with ionic radii smaller than Cu+, such as Al3+, Ga3+, Ti4+, and Cr4+, show no structural distortions. Structural distortions disrupt Cu−Cu interactions and for Sn2+ and La3+, this opens up the band gap, potentially improving the transparency. However, if dopant electronic states interact with the valence or conduction band of Cu2O, e.g., In3+ or Cd2+, or produce defect states in the Cu2O band gap, e.g., Ce4+, the band gap is reduced, regardless of dopant-induced disruption of the Cu−Cu interactions. We present a set of materials design guidelines to be used for choosing potential dopants in Cu2O.
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli translocate Tir and form an intimin–Tir intimate attachment to red blood cell membranes (2002)

Type III secretion allows bacteria to inject effector proteins into host cells. In enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) the type III secreted protein, Tir, is translocated to the host-cell plasma membrane where it functions as a receptor for the bacterial adhesin intimin, leading to intimate bacterial attachment and "attaching and effacing" (A/E) lesion formation. To study EPEC type III secretion the interaction of EPEC with monolayers of red blood cells (RBCs) has been exploited and in a recent study [Shaw, R. K., Daniell, S., Ebel, F., Frankel, G. & Knutton, S. (2001 ). Cell Microbiol 3, 213-222] it was shown that EPEC induced haemolysis of RBCs and translocation of EspD, a putative pore-forming type III secreted protein in the RBC membrane. Here it is demonstrated that EPEC are able to translocate and correctly insert Tir into the RBC membrane and produce an intimin-Tir intimate bacterial attachment, identical to that seen in A/E lesions. Following translocation Tir did not undergo any change in apparent molecular mass or become tyrosine-phosphorylated and there was no focusing of RBC cytoskeletal actin beneath intimately adherent bacteria, and no pedestal formation. This study, employing an RBC model of infection, has demonstrated that Tir translocation can be separated from host-cell-mediated Tir modifications; the data show that the EPEC type III protein translocation apparatus is sufficient to deliver and correctly insert Tir into host-cell membranes independent of eukaryotic cell functions.
Transcriptional profiling of aging in human muscle reveals a common aging signature (2005)

We analyzed expression of 81 normal muscle samples from humans of varying ages, and have identified a molecular profile for aging consisting of 250 age-regulated genes. This molecular profile correlates not only with chronological age but also with a measure of physiological age. We compared the transcriptional profile of muscle aging to previous transcriptional profiles of aging in the kidney and the brain, and found a common signature for aging in these diverse human tissues. The common aging signature consists of six genetic pathways; four pathways increase expression with age (genes in the extracellular matrix, genes involved in cell growth, genes encoding factors involved in complement activation, and genes encoding components of the cytosolic ribosome), while two pathways decrease expression with age (genes involved in chloride transport and genes encoding subunits of the mitochondrial electron transport chain). We also compared transcriptional profiles of aging in humans to those of the mouse and fly, and found that the electron transport chain pathway decreases expression with age in all three organisms, suggesting that this may be a public marker for aging across species.
Selection of a Water‐Extractable Phosphorus Test for Manures and Biosolids as an Indicator of Runoff Loss Potential (2007)

The correlation of runoff phosphorus (P) with water-extractable phosphorus (WEP) in land-applied manures and biosolids has spurred wide use of WEP as a water quality indicator. Land managers, planners, and researchers need a common WEP protocol to consistently use WEP in nutrient management. Our objectives were to (i) identify a common WEP protocol with sufficient accuracy and precision to be adopted by commercial testing laboratories and (ii) confirm that the common protocol is a reliable index of runoff P. Ten laboratories across North America evaluated alternative protocols with an array of manure and biosolids samples. A single laboratory analyzed all samples and conducted a separate runoff study with the manures and biosolids. Extraction ratio (solution:solids) was the most important factor affecting WEP, with WEP increasing from 10:1 to 100:1 and increasing from 100:1 to 200:1. When WEP was measured by a single laboratory, correlations with runoff P from packed soil boxes amended with manure and biosolids ranged from 0.79 to 0.92 across all protocol combinations (extraction ratio, filtration method, and P determination method). Correlations with P in runoff were slightly lower but significant when WEP was measured by the 10 labs (r=0.56-0.86). Based on laboratory repeatability and water quality evaluation criteria, we recommend the following common protocol: 100:1 extraction ratio; 1-h shaking and centrifuge 10 min at 1500xg (filter with Whatman #1 paper if necessary); and determining P by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry or colorimetric methods.
ISAAC -- Integrated Silicon Automotive Accelerometer (2005)

The pervasiveness of automotive passive restraint systems has emphasized the need for improving system reliability while simultaneously reducing the cost and size of the system. This paper describes an accelerometer that utilizes silicon micromachining in a dissolved wafer process and a CMOS ASIC along with low cost plastic packaging to support the requirements of the next generation of automotive passive restraint systems.
New Horizons in Cationic Photopolymerization (2018)

In this review, we report some recent advances and new horizons in UV-induced cationic photopolymerization. In particular, after a brief introduction on the discovery and affirmation of the cationic photopolymerization process, new efforts in the synthesis of cationic photoinitiators are reported. Subsequently, an interesting and absolutely new application is reported, related to the combination of Radical-Induced Cationic Photopolymerization with Frontal Polymerization, achieving the cross-linking of epoxy composites.