gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Chromatographic analysis on tryptic hydrolysis of whole casein]. (2002)

Tryptic hydrolysis of whole casein was investigated by high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) in combination with the degree of hydrolysis (DH). In terms of HPSEC chromatograms obtained at different DH values, the complex process of enzymatic reaction and the relative molecular mass distribution of multiple hydrolysates were quantitatively characterized. Based on the information of casein micelle structure, the possible reaction mechanism was deduced from a series of chromatograms. Being taken into account the primary structure of whole casein and the target amino acid of trypsin, the distribution of theoretical peptides were accurately calculated by determining the split sites of complete enzymatic hydrolysis. According to the relationship between retention time and relative molecular mass, the corresponding HPSEC absorption peaks of active peptides in hydrolysates were identified, and caseinophosphopeptides sequences were also characterized.
Decision Boundary Evaluation of Optimum and Suboptimum Detectors in Class-A Interference (2012)

The Middleton Class-A (MCA) model is one of the most accepted models for narrow-band impulsive interference superimposed to additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The MCA density consists of a weighted linear combination of infinite Gaussian densities, which leads to a non-tractable form of the optimum detector. To reduce the receiver complexity, one can start with a two-term approximation of the MCA model, which has only two noise states (Gaussian and impulsive state). Our objective is to introduce a simple method to estimate the noise state at the receiver and accordingly, reduce the complexity of the optimum detector. Furthermore, we show for the first time how the decision boundaries of binary signals in MCA noise should look like. In this context, we provide a new analysis of the behavior of many suboptimum detectors such as a linear detector, a locally optimum detector (LOD), and a clipping detector. Based on this analysis, we insert a new clipping threshold for the clipping detector, which significantly improves the bit-error rate performance.
Rigorous Procedure for the Design of Conventional Atmospheric Crude Fractionation Units. Part I:  Targeting (2000)

The problem of designing crude fractionation units is not only a distillation design. It has the added complexity that these units should be able to process different types of crude, sometimes from heavy to light. Important heat exchange also takes place, and the energy efficiency is related to the column design parameters. Part I of this two-part series presents a rigorous targeting methodology to design this multipurpose plant, which can be implemented using a commercial simulator. Part II deals with the heat exchanger network design.
Magnetoelectric Laminate Composites: An Overview (2008)

Since the turn of the millennium, giant magnetoelectric (ME) effects have been found in laminated composites of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive layers. Compared with ME single phase and two‐phase particulate composites, laminated composites have much higher ME coefficients and are also readily fabricated. Here, we will overview the brief history of ME laminates, discussing some of the important advancements in material couples, laminate configurations, and operational modes that have allowed for dramatic enhancements in the ME voltage and charge coefficients.
TCP Connections for P2P Apps: A Software Approach to Solving the NAT Problem (2018)

Many P2P applications need to connect to each other via TCP, but are increasingly stymied by NAT boxes. Some popular P2P applications do not address NAT traversal or do so poorly. A few newer ones route com- munications between NATed peers through relay servers or through non-NATed peers, or they ask users to reconfigure their NAT boxes. Some emerging solutions suggest using SIP to set up tunneling over UDP, us- ing UPnP, or even deploying IPv6. This paper argues that the above approaches suffer from scalability prob- lems, do not address mobility issues, require deploying new network infrastructure, or require using non- standard communications interfaces, non-standard communication stacks, and non-standard security proto- cols. We advocate direct TCP connections between peers. We present NatTrav, our NAT Traversal Java package that makes TCP connections between NATed peers and addresses all of the above concerns. We then compare NatTrav with some of the other current and emerging solutions.
CODEPOSITION OF ALUMINUM AND SILICON ON PURE MOLYBDENUM SUBSTRATE USING HALIDE ACTIVATED PACK CEMENTATION TREATMENTS (2002)

A multi-component diffusion coating has been developed to protect Mo-based alloysfrom high temperature environmental attack. Aluminum addition was made duringthe coating process to improve the oxidation resistance by developing hexagonal Mo(Si,Al)2 through the development of the halide activated pack cementation coating processon pure Mo substrate. The results show that Mo(Si, Al)2 formed as a main phase onthe surface and a little amount of Mo5Si3 also formed. The total thickness of coatingis tens of μm at 1373K. During the cyclic oxidation test at high temperature(at about1323K in air), mullite (3Al2O3@2SiO2) and some SiO2 formed. The addition of Alis beneficial for MoSi2 coating and the Al-doped coating exhibited only a small weightgain and protected the Mo substrate, while the MoSi2 coating without Al suffered asignificant weight loss, indicating a loss of volatile MoOs after cycles.
Biofilm Formation is not Necessary for Development of Quinolone-Resistant “Persister” cells in an Attached Staphylococcus Epidermidis Population (2008)

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a common pathogen in device-associated infections which is able to attach onto polymeric surfaces and develop multilayered biofilms. Attached S. epidermidis displays reduced susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. In this study we investigated the influence of ciprofloxacin and the group IV quinolones gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, and moxifloxacin with the minimal attachment killing (MAK) assay. MAK concentrations were determined for three biofilm-positive wild-type strains and their isogenic biofilm-negative mutants Depending on strain and investigated quinolone, it was possible to distinguish between a heterogeneous MAK (MAKhetero), and a homogeneous resistance (MAKhomo) which corresponds to the model of a few persisting cells under antibiotic treatment. A lower MAKhomo was detected for the biofilm-negative mutants as well as for the corresponding wild-types for some of the tested quinolones, which seems to be a result of higher bacterial inocula, whereas the MAKhetero concentrations were comparable for mutants and wild-types for nearly all of the tested antibiotics and strains. These data indicate that biofilm formation is not necessary for persistence of attached S. epidermidis cells under treatment with quinolones and could explain therapeutic failure in foreign body-associated infections due to biofilm-negative S. epidermidis isolates. The individual resistance phenotypes of investigated strains indicate that the determination of MAK concentrations might help to predict the therapy outcome of foreign body-associated infections with both biofilm-positive and biofilm-negative S. epidermidis. Thus, the relatively high activity displayed by group IV quinolones against individual attached staphylococcal isolates indicates a possible treatment option with the respective quinolones for foreign body-associated infections due to these isolates.
Synthesis and Use of a Biotinylated 3-Azidophenothiazine to Photolabel Both Amino- and Carboxyl-Terminal Sites in Calmodulin (1995)

The biotinylated probe, 3-azido-10-(4-(4-biotinyl-1-piperazinyl)butyl)phenothiazine, was used to examine the phenothiazine binding domains in calmodulin (CaM) by photolabeling. This phenothiazine, synthesized from 3-azido-10-(4-(1-piperazinyl)butyl)phenothiazine and d-biotinyl tosylate, inhibited the CaM-mediated activation of phosphodiesterase (PDE) with an I50 of 12.5 (+/- 2.8) microM. Photolabeling of CaM produced covalent adducts in excellent yield (32%) in a light- and Ca2+-dependent manner. Studies performed over a range of drug concentrations suggested a 2:1 stoichiometry for the binding of the phenothiazine probe to CaM. Limited trypsin digestion and purification of the resulting fragments by either SDS-PAGE or HPLC provided two principal phenothiazine-containing peptides. Amino acid composition and sequence analyses performed on these two peptides established that both the N- and C-terminal domains in CaM, particularly the regions amino terminal to Ca2+-binding loops 1 and 3, were modified by the photoactivated phenothiazine derivative. These data, particularly for the C-terminal domain, are in excellent agreement with the X-ray structure analysis of a 1:1 CaM-trifluoperazine complex.
SNORE: spike noise removal and detection (1994)

A method for detection and removal of random spike noise in magnetic resonance (MR) raw data (k-space data) is described. This method would reduce or eliminate the corduroy-type and higher than usual level artifacts in MR images resulting from random spike noise in k-space data. The method described involves applying a spatially varying threshold to be k-space data. Any data point that has a magnitude greater than that of the threshold value at that location will be replaced by a local complex average of the neighboring data points or some other suitable data replacement scheme.
Detection of circulating Leishmania chagasi DNA for the non-invasive diagnosis of human infection (2003)

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the detection of Leishmania spp. DNA in peripheral blood was optimized and evaluated for the diagnosis of human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Brazil during May 2001 to December 2002. Optimization of the technique resulted in a detection limit of 1.65 fg of purified L. (L.) chagasi DNA, equivalent to 1.65 x 10(-2) parasites. Leishmania DNA was detected in the blood of 48 of 53 patients with parasitologically-confirmed VL, which corresponds to a sensitivity of 91%. No DNA was detected in the peripheral blood of 15 healthy, non-exposed volunteers, giving a specificity of 100%. We conclude that detection of parasite DNA in peripheral blood offers a non-invasive, sensitive and rapid method for the detection of VL caused by L. (L.) chagasi.
A rare complication of stellate ganglion block - A case report. (1984)

The paratracheal approach for stellate ganglion block has been recommended as the safest route because of its technical simplicity and lack of complications. We experienced a rare complication of inadvertent subarachnoid injection of local anesthetic during stellate ganglion block.A-42-year old female received stellate ganglion blocks for relief of tinnitus. Soon after the sixth stellate ganglion block with 8ml of 1% lidocaine, she complained of numbness of the arm. A few minutes later she became cyanotic, her respiration ceased, her femoral pulsation was not palpable, and there was no light reaction.All resuscitative maneuvers were initiated. Spontaneous respiration appeared 50 minutes later and conciousness was regained one hour after the onset of suscitation.Clinical findings suggested inadvertent subarachnoid injection of lidocaine. The possible cause of the spread of local anesthetic into the subarachnoid space are discussed.
Duplication of 7q34 in Pediatric Low‐Grade Astrocytomas Detected by High‐Density Single‐Nucleotide Polymorphism‐Based Genotype Arrays Results in a Novel <i>BRAF</i> Fusion Gene (2009)

In the present study, DNA from 28 pediatric low-grade astrocytomas was analyzed using Illumina HumanHap550K single-nucleotide polymorphism oligonucleotide arrays. A novel duplication in chromosome band 7q34 was identified in 17 of 22 juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas and three of six fibrillary astrocytomas. The 7q34 duplication spans 2.6 Mb of genomic sequence and contains approximately 20 genes, including two candidate tumor genes, HIPK2 and BRAF. There were no abnormalities in HIPK2, and analysis of two mutation hot-spots in BRAF revealed a V600E mutation in only one tumor without the duplication. Fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed the 7q34 copy number change and was suggestive of a tandem duplication. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction-based sequencing revealed a fusion product between KIAA1549 and BRAF. The predicted fusion product includes the BRAF kinase domain and lacks the auto-inhibitory N-terminus. Western blot analysis revealed phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) protein in tumors with the duplication, consistent with BRAF-induced activation of the pathway. Further studies are required to determine the role of this fusion gene in downstream MAPK signaling and its role in development of pediatric low-grade astrocytomas.
Structure and Stability of Monodisperse 1.4-nm ZnS Particles Stabilized by Mercaptoethanol (1999)

Extremely small 1.4-nm size mercaptoethanol-stabilized ZnS clusters have been synthesized with narrow size distribution. The structure of these clusters was studied by wide-angle X-ray scattering. The scattering curves were compared with the calculated scattered intensity of a variety of model clusters (ZnS)N and different defect types via Debye functions. In the as-received state the pattern is best described by a fragment of the zinc blende lattice, with N ≈ 30, and a defective stacking of three to four (111) planes. A large improvement of the simulation is gained by introducing liquidlike disorder to the model structure. This raises the unanswered question of a “real” liquid state of these small clusters at room temperature. The cluster matrix is thermally stable to 583 K. Above this temperature the primary cluster coalesce to form larger particles. Annealed at 1013 K the particles grow to >4.0 nm with a highly defective zinc blende structure.
Progress in DNA marker studies of beef carcass composition and meat quality in New Zealand and Australia. (2001)

Two beef cattle DNA-marker trials in New Zealand and Australia are reviewed, where the trial objectives were to identify DNA markers for carcass composition and meat quality traits. The collaborative beef cattle project between AgResearch and Adelaide University is described in detail, and reference is also made to published data from the Australian ‘Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Meat Quality’ DNA-marker study. In the Beef CRC, F1 Charolais x Brahman bulls were mated to composite dams to breed experimental offspring. The AgResearch/ Adelaide study used two extreme breeds, Jersey and Limousin, with F1 Jersey x Limousin bulls mated to produce both backcrosses in both New Zealand and Australia. Detailed information is presented here from New Zealand only (416 animals), comprising firstly live-animal records including ultrasound fat- and muscle-depth data, metabolites from fat and muscle biopsies, and plasma cortisol at slaughter, secondly carcass dissection data and organ weights, and thirdly shear-force tenderness, pH measures and some detailed biochemistry from the right striploin. A whole-genome scan was carried out with an average of 185 informative microsatellite markers per sire (range 170-196), spread widely across the autosomes. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for 14 phenotypes (with a genome-wide threshold level of significance), from the New Zealand half of the data analysed, including composition traits (ultrasound, carcass and eye-muscle data), dressing %, bone weight, fat weight, meat tenderness, millicalpain, polled/horned status, and plasma cortisol. Corresponding data from the Beef CRC, which (from their interim publication) had detected 18 QTL for 54 carcass and meat quality traits (some markers above a significant lod-score threshold of 2.5), included birth weight, carcass weight and dressing %, saleable meat yield (kg), eye muscle area, marbling score, tenderness, rumpfat depth and fat colour. The sizes of significant effects for each New Zealand phenotype ranged from 2.0 to 31% of the respective trait means, and the Beef CRC effects ranged from 3.0 to 33%, although in both studies most traits (except for fat traits) were in the 3 to 10% range. Further opportunities for exploiting the results in the beef industry are discussed.
The effect of sampling rate on the performance of template-based gesture recognizers (2011)

We investigate in this work the effect of motion sampling rate over recognition accuracy and execution time for current template-based gesture recognizers in order to provide performance guidelines to practitioners and designers of gesture-based interfaces. We show that as few as 6 sampling points are sufficient for Euclidean and angular recognizers to attain high recognition rates and that a linear relationship exists between sampling rate and number of gestures for the dynamic time warping technique. We report execution times obtained with our controlled downsampling which are 10-20 times faster than shown by existing work at the same high recognition rates. The results of this work will benefit practitioners by providing important performance aspects to consider when using template-based gesture recognizers.
Polymer‐Nanoparticle Composites: Preparative Methods and Electronically Active Materials (2007)

The field of nanoparticle‐polymer composites is attractive from the standpoint of integrating the key features of both polymers and nanoparticles into hybrid or composite materials. Nanocomposites geared towards electronic and photophysical targets comprise an intriguing subset of the field, and benefit from interdisciplinary efforts in nanoparticle and polymer synthesis, along with methodology that provides the dispersion, orientation, and/or the assembly of nanoparticles and nanorods within a polymer matrix. Keywords: nanoparticlepolymernanorodnanocompositequantum dotphotovoltaic
The Capture Cross Section of Neutrons by Boron (1956)

The capture cross section of natural boron for slow neutrons has been measured by a dynamic method, in which the decay constant of neutrons in a water tank was plotted against the concentration of added borax. Samples were compared with a standard boron oxide in GLEEP at the Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell. The result is quoted as σB=760±3 barns for the A.E.R.E. sample of natural boron oxide.
Abstract #3604: A phase I single-rising dose study evaluating the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of an oral akt inhibitor in healthy male volunteers (2009)

Background: MK-2206 is an orally active, allosteric Akt inhibitor which in preclinical models showed antitumor effects. Methods: Twenty-four healthy, male subjects participated in a Phase I randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, sequential-panel, multiple-period, rising single oral dose study of MK-2206. Eight (8) subjects were assigned to each of 3 panels (Panels A, B, and C) where in each treatment period in a panel the same 6 subjects received MK-2206 and 2 subjects received placebo after an overnight fast. The volunteers were administered single doses from 0.25 to 100 mg and blood samples were collected predose and at prespecified postdose timepoints for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (whole blood inhibition of phospho Akt) assays. Results: Single doses of MK-2206, up to 100 mg, were found to be generally well tolerated. No serious clinical or laboratory adverse experience was reported. The most commonly reported adverse experiences were headache, common cold, and diarrhea. One subject was discontinued from the study due to the clinical adverse experience of blurry vision which resolved. There were no clinically meaningful changes in laboratory safety tests and ECG evaluations. Preliminary pharmacokinetic results found that orally administered MK-2206 was readily absorbed with a median T max of 6 to 8 hours. The median half-life was 55 to 78 hours. AUC 0-\#8734; and C max displayed dose proportional behavior from 2-mg to 100-mg. Preliminary pharmacodynamic results found that single doses of 40-, 80- and 100-mg MK-2206 inhibited Akt in whole blood to a greater extent than placebo. Maximum Akt inhibition occurred at 6 hours postdose for both the 80- and 100-mg doses with mean plasma concentrations of >65 nM. There was evidence of Akt inhibition from 2 through 24 hours. Conclusion: MK-2206 is an antitumor agent which was generally well tolerated following single dose administration to healthy subjects. MK-2206 displays dose proportional pharmacokinetics with clear evidence of Akt inhibition. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 3604.
Discovery of the Late Cretaceous detrital zircon in Renbu tectonic melange, South Tibet, and its tectonic significance (2011)

The existence and distribution of the peripheral foreland basins in the Yarlung-Tsangpo suture zone and Gandese zone remains controversial.Here we report the in-situ detrital zircon U-Pb and Hf isotopic analysis of sedimentary rock from a sedimentary relict,paraconformably covering the Triassic ophiolite relicts in the Renbu melange belt,Dejilin Town,Renbu County.Nine detrital zircon grains out of 54 grains have ages from 83 to 121Ma and three grains have ages of 197±3Ma,203±5Ma and 208±5Ma.The majority of these young zircons are characterized by high 176Hf/177Hf isotopic ratios and positive eHf values that are similar to magmatic zircons from the Gangdese batholith,indicating the latter has been a predominant source provenance of the sedimentary relict.It may be a part of the foreland basin systems in the Gandese-Himalayan collisional orogen belt,which plays a significant indicator of the initial collision between India and Eurasian plates.
Surface Chemistry, Porous Texture, and Morphology of N-Doped Carbon Xerogels (2008)

N-doped carbon xerogels were obtained from organic xerogels prepared using different N-containing organic compounds, including 3-hydroxy aniline, melamine, and 3-hydroxy pyridine. Carbonization was carried out between 500 and 900 degreeC. The surface chemistry of samples was determined by elemental analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, their porous texture was determined by N2 and CO2 adsorption at (-)196 and 0degreeC, respectively, and their morphology was determined by scanning electron microscopy. N-doped carbon xerogels with a wide variety of N contents and functionalities were obtained according to the ingredients and carbonization temperature used. Carbon xerogels contained, in different proportions, three/four N functionalities: pyridinic, pyrrolic and/or pyridonic, and quaternary N functionalities. They were microporous carbons with narrow micropores that had constrictions at their entrances, producing higher CO2(-) than N2-determined micropore surface areas. Morphology studies showed samples to be constituted by isolated microspheres or microsphere clusters. Microsphere diameters depended on the recipe and carbonization temperature used.
A 28-day, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study of nebulized revefenacin in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2017)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02040792 . Registered January 16, 2014.
A new postprocessing method for the block-based DCT coding based on the convex-projection theory (1998)

The block-based DCT coding has been adopted in image compression standards such as JPEG and MPEG. This type of coding causes some noticeable artifacts known as the blocking effect. Various postprocessing methods have been devoted to removing the blocking effect; however, these methods also unavoidably blur the decoded image. Removing the blocking effect while avoiding blurring is the main issue of the postprocessing. This paper presents a new postprocessing method based on convex-projection theory. This method is shown to have a good tradeoff for the blocking effects and the blurring effects.