gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Potential of Cell-Free Protein Synthesis for Extending the Abilities of Biological Systems (2019)

Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) system is a simple, rapid, and sensitive tool that is devoid of membrane-bound barriers, yet contains all the mandatory substrates, biomolecules, and machineries required for the synthesis of the desired proteins. It has the potential to overcome loopholes in the current <i>in vivo</i> production systems and is a promising tool in both basic and applied scientific research. It facilitates a simplified organization of desired experiments with a variety of reaction conditions, making CFPS a powerful tool in biological research. It has been used for the expansion of genetic code, assembly of viruses, and in metabolic engineering for production of toxic and complex proteins. Subsequently, CFPS systems have emerged as potent technology for high-throughput production of membrane proteins, enzymes, and therapeutics. The present review highlights the recent advances and uses of CFPS systems in biomedical, therapeutic, and biotechnological applications. Additionally, we highlight possible solutions to the potential biosafety issues that may be encountered while using CFPS technology.
Two-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship studies on bioactive ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (2011)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) form a subclass of the nuclear receptor superfamily and are attractive drug targets for the development of novel therapeutic agents to treat several metabolic disorders, such as dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this work, hologram quantitative structure-activity relationship (HQSAR) studies were carried out on a series of potent PPARδ ligands. Significant correlation coefficients (r² = 0.947 and q² = 0.791) were obtained, indicating the reliability of the 2D QSAR model in predicting the biological activity of untested compounds. The 2D model was then used to predict the potency of an external test set, and the predicted values obtained from the HQSAR model were in good agreement with the experimental results. The final QSAR model, along with the information obtained from 2D contribution maps, should be useful for the design of novel PPARδ ligands having improved potency.
Direct Determination of the Flow Curves of Non-Newtonian Fluids (1952)

A method is proposed for the direct determination of the rate of shear-shearing stress curve of a fluid from data obtained in concentric cylinder viscometers. The method involves the use of a viscometer in which the ratio of outer to inner cylinder radii can be varied. It is further shown that to a close approximation two such radius ratios are sufficient to define the flow curve. Data for two non-Newtonian systems are presented to show that the proposed method is valid.
Mammary Amino Acid Utilization in Dairy Cows Fed Fat and Its Relationship to Milk Protein Depression (1993)

Changes in mammary AA utilization associated with dietary fat-induced milk protein depression were assessed in cows with disturbed AA status. Four first lactation cows fitted with rumen cannulas were assigned to a factorial arrangement of treatments: two diets and two casein infusion sites within a 4 x 4 Latin square design. Diets were formulated with yellow grease at 0 or 4% of DM. An 8% sodium caseinate solution was infused continuously at 5.04 kg/d into the rumen or abomasum during the last 5 d of each 21-d period. Arterial AA concentrations were reduced by dietary fat treatment and increased by abomasal sodium caseinate infusion. Mammary arteriovenous differences of essential AA tended to increase with both abomasal casein infusion and dietary fat treatments. With ruminal casein infusion treatments, yellow grease supplementation increased the percentage of extraction of blood essential AA into mammary tissue. Mammary blood flow rate dropped 7% on high fat treatments, preventing an increase in uptakes of critical AA to accompany the improved efficiency of milk synthesis, which was evident from a significantly reduced ratio of mammary blood flow to milk volume, resulting in depressed milk protein content.
Quantitative changes in some unsaponifiable components of soya bean oil due to refining (1974)

Abstract The effects were studied of the processes of degumming, neutralisation, bleaching and deodorisation on the content and composition of the various fractions of unsaponifiables in soya bean oil. The effect of each of the various technological steps on the decrement of the investigated unsaponifiables in the processed oils was different. When compared with the crude oil, the refined soya bean oil contained less tocopherols (by 31 to 47%), sterols (by 25 to 32%) and squalene (by 15 to 37%). No significant differences were observed in the compositions of the sterol and tocopherol fractions of the crude and refined soya bean oils.
Augmenting low-latency HPC network with free-space optical links (2015)

Various network topologies can be used for deploying High Performance Computing (HPC) clusters. The network topology, which connects switches In cabinets on a machine room floor, is typically defined once and for all at system deployment time. For a diverse application workload, there are downsides to having a single wired topology. In this work, we propose using free-space optics (FSO) in large-scale systems so that a diverse application workload can be better supported. A high-density layout of FSO terminals on top of the cabinets is determined that allows line-of-sight communication between arbitrary cabinet pairs. We first show that our proposal reduces both end-to-end network latency and total cable length when compared to a wired topology. We then demonstrate that the use of FSO links improves the embedding/partitioning capabilities of a wired topology. More specifically, we show that a recently proposed random low-latency topology can be augmented with a reasonable number of FSO links to support multiple k-ary n-cube and fat tree embedded topologies. Finally, we investigate power-aware on/off link regulation techniques and show how adding/reconfiguring FSO links leads to both performance and power efficiency improvements.
<i>STK15</i>/<i>Aurora‐A</i> expression in primary breast tumors is correlated with nuclear grade but not with prognosis (2003)

STK15 expression by immunohistochemistry was noted in approximately one-fourth of primary breast tumors. STK15 expression was associated with nuclear grade, but no correlation was found between the other clinical parameters evaluated. Furthermore, no differences were found in survival rates when they were analyzed by level of STK15 staining.
Cream Formulation Impact on Topical Administration of Engineered Colloidal Nanoparticles (2015)

In order to minimize the impact of systemic toxicity of drugs in the treatment of local acute and chronic inflammatory reactions, the achievement of reliable and efficient delivery of therapeutics in/through the skin is highly recommended. While the use of nanoparticles is now an established practice for drug intravenous targeted delivery, their transdermal penetration is still poorly understood and this important administration route remains almost unexplored. In the present study, we have synthesized magnetic (iron oxide) nanoparticles (MNP) coated with an amphiphilic polymer, developed a water-in-oil emulsion formulation for their topical administration and compared the skin penetration routes with the same nanoparticles deposited as a colloidal suspension. Transmission and scanning electron microscopies provided ultrastructural evidence that the amphiphilic nanoparticles (PMNP) cream formulation allowed the efficient penetration through all the skin layers with a controllable kinetics compared to suspension formulation. In addition to the preferential follicular pathway, also the intracellular and intercellular routes were involved. PMNP that crossed all skin layers were quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The obtained data suggests that combining PMNP amphiphilic character with cream formulation improves the intradermal penetration of nanoparticles. While PMNP administration in living mice via aqueous suspension resulted in preferential nanoparticle capture by phagocytes and migration to draining lymph nodes, cream formulation favored uptake by all the analyzed dermis cell types, including hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic. Unlike aqueous suspension, cream formulation also favored the maintenance of nanoparticles in the dermal architecture avoiding their dispersion and migration to draining lymph nodes via afferent lymphatics.
Mechanisms of retinoid resistance in leukemic cells: possible role of cytochrome P450 and P-glycoprotein (1996)

Retinoic acid (RA) regulates the differentiation and proliferation of a wide variety of different cell types and all-trans RA induces complete remission in a high proportion of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). However, clinical resistance to retinoids may develop and poses a serious problem for differentiation-inducing therapy. We studied the effects of RA in combination with a cytochrome P450 inhibitor (clotrimazole) and a P-glycoprotein antagonist (verapamil) on cell growth and differentiation of RA-resistant HL-60 cells and fresh RA-resistant leukemic cells from two APL patients. RA-resistant HL-60 cells and APL cells differentiated to mature granulocytes when cultured with all-trans RA and either clotrimazole and verapamil but not with either of the agents alone. These findings were confirmed in these cells by their increased expression of CD11b antigen and migration-inhibitory factor-related protein-8/14 mRNAs and decreased levels of c-myc mRNA. These combinations also markedly decreased the number of viable cells and inhibited cellular proliferation. After isolation of microsomes, measurements showed that levels of cytochrome P450 activities in both wild-type and RA-resistant HL-60 cells were almost comparable. Moreover, expression of the CYP1A1-type cytochrome P450 gene could not be detected in either cell type. However, RA-resistant HL-60 cells and APL cells, but not RA-sensitive HL-60 cells and APL cells, expressed multidrug-resistance-1 gene transcripts. Taken together, acquired resistance to RA may be explained in part by drug metabolism in leukemic cells. Possible mechanisms for accelerated clearance of RA include the induction of non-CYP1A1 cytochrome P450 enzymes and P-glycoprotein.
Broadband reflectarray antenna with double cross loops (2006)

A reflectarray antenna composed of double crossed loops of variable lengths printed on a conductor backed substrate is introduced. Using this technique, a single-layer reflectarray with wider bandwidth compared to conventional single-layer reflectarrays is fabricated and measured. Measured results demonstrate a radiation efficiency close to 55% and 1 dB gain–bandwidth of 10%, centred at 22 GHz.
Polypropylene “Chain Shuttling” at Enantiomorphous and Enantiopure Catalytic Species:  Direct and Quantitative Evidence from Polymer Microstructure (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTPolypropylene "Chain Shuttling" at Enantiomorphous and Enantiopure Catalytic Species: Direct and Quantitative Evidence from Polymer MicrostructureFrancesca Alfano, Harold W. Boone, Vincenzo Busico, Roberta Cipullo, and James C. StevensView Author Information Dipartimento di Chimica Paolo Corradini, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy, and The Dow Chemical Company, 2301 North Brazosport Blvd., B-1814, Freeport, Texas 77541 Cite this: Macromolecules 2007, 40, 22, 7736–7738Publication Date (Web):October 9, 2007Publication History Received5 September 2007Revised24 September 2007Published online9 October 2007Published inissue 1 October 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma7020024https://doi.org/10.1021/ma7020024rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1913Altmetric-Citations108LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alkyls,Catalysts,Copolymers,Polymers,Thermoresponsive polymers Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of the Oricult-N Dipslide for Laboratory Diagnosis of Vaginal Candidiasis (2000)

The Oricult-N semiquantitative dipslide (Orion Diagnostica, Espoo, Finland) was evaluated for the laboratory diagnosis of vaginal candidiasis. It was compared with broth culture (Vagicult; Orion Diagnostica). Oricult-N was positive for 14.5% of 124 symptomatic patients and 12% of 50 asymptomatic controls. The results for broth cultures were 17 and 22%, respectively. Thus, the test group and the control group did not differ significantly by either method. High vaginal yeast counts (>/=10(5) CFU/ml) were detected by Oricult-N in 7% of patients and in 0% of controls, but both groups harbored low numbers of yeasts. An accurate quantitative cutoff point separating a level of yeast associated with infection from vaginal yeast carriage could not be defined in the study. Nevertheless, the easy semiquantitation allowed by the Oricult-N method could be helpful because, especially in low-count carriers of Candida, other potential causes of vaginal symptoms should be considered. The Oricult-N method was technically simple and could be applied in primary health care. Further studies are required, however, before Oricult-N can be recommended as a routine diagnostic tool.
Hepatic cholesterol metabolism in human obesity (1997)

Hepatic cholesterol metabolism was studied in operative liver biopsies from 17 morbidly obese subjects and compared with that in samples from 15 nonobese controls. The aim was to understand the mechanisms causing the hypersecretion of cholesterol into bile. The content of cholesteryl esters was increased threefold in the liver of obese subjects compared with that of the controls (P < .0001). The activity and the messenger RNA (mRNA) level of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase, the rate limiting enzyme for cholesterol synthesis, were higher in the obese subjects compared with the nonobese subjects (75% and 140%, respectively; P < .01). In the obese subjects, the activity and mRNA level of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase, which regulates the catabolism of cholesterol to bile acids, were also increased by 140% (P < .05) and 180% (P = .06), respectively, as compared with the controls. There was a significant correlation between the activities and the mRNA levels of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase among the obese subjects (r = +0.65, P < .01). The activities of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), which governs cholesteryl ester formation, in obese and nonobese patients were 12.5 +/- 1.7 and 8.1 +/- 1.2 pmol/min/mg protein, respectively (P < .05), and the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor mRNA levels were 5.3 +/- 0.7 and 4.5 +/- 0.9 molecules of mRNA/microg of RNA, respectively. We conclude that the activities of three key enzymes in hepatic cholesterol metabolism were increased in morbidly obese subjects compared with nonobese controls, as were mRNA levels of HMG CoA reductase and cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase. The mRNA level of the LDL receptor in the obese subjects was not significantly changed. The hypersecretion of cholesterol occurring in obesity is neither due to a reduced conversion of cholesterol to bile acids nor to a decreased esterification of hepatic cholesterol but may be due to an increased synthesis of cholesterol.
Assessment of hepatic perfusion parameters with dynamic MRI (2001)

Quantification of hepatic perfusion parameters greatly contributes to the assessment of liver function. The purpose of this study was to describe and validate the use of dynamic MRI for the noninvasive assessment of hepatic perfusion parameters. The signal from a fast T(1)-weighted spoiled gradient-echo sequence preceded by a nonslice-selective 90 degrees pulse and a spoiler gradient was calibrated in vitro with tubes filled with various gadolinium concentrations. Dynamic images of the liver were obtained after intravenous bolus administration of 0.05 mmol/kg of Gd-DOTA in rabbits with normal liver function. Hepatic, aortic, and portal venous signal intensities were converted to Gd-DOTA concentrations according to the in vitro calibration curve and fitted with a dual-input one-compartmental model. With MRI, hepatic blood flow was 100 +/- 35 mL min(-1) 100 mL(-1), the arterial fraction 24 +/- 11%, the distribution volume 13.0 +/- 3.7%, and the mean transit time 8.9 +/- 4.1 sec. A linear relationship was observed between perfusion values obtained with MRI and with radiolabeled microspheres (r = 0.93 for hepatic blood flow [P < 0.001], r = 0.79 for arterial blood flow [P = 0.01], and r = 0.91 for portal blood flow [P < 0.001]). Our results indicate that hepatic perfusion parameters can be assessed with dynamic MRI and compartmental modeling.
Investigation of three‐surface properties of several metals and their relation to blood compatibility (1972)

Abstract Organic‐free specimens of 5 metals were prepared and characterized by parameters indicating their relative surface charge, surface texture, and surface energy prior to evaluation of their degree of thromboresistance. For the materials studied, there was no predictive correlation between the pre‐implatation electrical rest potentials and ultimate thromboresistance when standard prosthetic rings were placed in the canine inferior vena cava. Surface textural inhomogeneities greater thatn a micrometer or so made thrombus formation a certainty. There was a positive postimplantation correlation between the presence of a thin, labile, proteinaceous deposit on the prosthetic ring lumens and the passivation of the “high‐energy” materials towards thrombus accumulation. The metals which did consistently passivate, 316 Stainless Steel and Stellite 21, did so dynamically by acquiring an organic film within 2 hr after implantation. During continued residence in fresh, flowing blood these metals ultimately became dominated by an apparently monodisperse protein component of low critical surface tension. These findings were confirmed when thromboresistant pyrolytic carbon having initial surface properties similar to the metals but lacking reactivity and corrosivity was used as a comparison standard.
Tornado Vortex Simulation at Purdue University (1977)

A 4 m wide and 7 m tall tornado vortex generator (including exhaust fan and duct work) has been constructed at Purdue University that operates on a principle similar to that of the earlier machine modeled by Characteristics of the Purdue simulator are described, as well as the corresponding modifications and improvements that have been made to Ward's machine. Selected photographs of vortex configurations obtained in the simulator demonstrate the ability of the machine to achieve vortex breakdown and multiple vortex configuration. A radial-axial profile of velocity magnitudes (using hot-film anemometry) has been obtained for the state of vortex breakdown characterized by two interlocking helical spiral vortices. This preliminary result shows the potential that the experimental system offers for obtaining quantitative information about the flow field of selected vortex configurations. Multiple vortex phenomena in the thunderstorm-tornado system are examined in light of the laboratory simulation and the similarity concept.
Visual and Semantic Knowledge Transfer for Large Scale Semi-Supervised Object Detection (2017)

Deep CNN-based object detection systems have achieved remarkable success on several large-scale object detection benchmarks. However, training such detectors requires a large number of labeled bounding boxes, which are more difficult to obtain than image-level annotations. Previous work addresses this issue by transforming image-level classifiers into object detectors. This is done by modeling the differences between the two on categories with both image-level and bounding box annotations, and transferring this information to convert classifiers to detectors for categories without bounding box annotations. We improve this previous work by incorporating knowledge about object similarities from visual and semantic domains during the transfer process. The intuition behind our proposed method is that visually and semantically similar categories should exhibit more common transferable properties than dissimilar categories, e.g. a better detector would result by transforming the differences between a dog classifier and a dog detector onto the cat class, than would by transforming from the violin class. Experimental results on the challenging ILSVRC2013 detection dataset demonstrate that each of our proposed object similarity based knowledge transfer methods outperforms the baseline methods. We found strong evidence that visual similarity and semantic relatedness are complementary for the task, and when combined notably improve detection, achieving state-of-the-art detection performance in a semi-supervised setting.
Wastewater Engineering Treatment Disposal Reuse (1972)

Wastewater Engineering: An Overview. Wastewater Flowrates. Wastewater Characteristics. Wastewater Treatment Objective, Methods, and Implementation Considerations. Introduction to Wastewater Treatment Plant Design. Physical Unit Operations. Chemical Unit Processes. Biological Unit Processes. Design of Facilities for Physical and Chemical Treatment of Wastewater. Design of Facilities for the Biological Treatment of Wastewater. Advanced Wastewater Treatment. Design of Facilities for the Treatment and Disposal of Sludge. Natural-Treatment Systems. Small Wastewater Treatment Systems. Management of Wastewater from Combined Sewers. Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse.
Kinetic study of the retrogradation of gelatinised starch (1968)

Abstract A method was developed for the study of starch retrogradation by differential thermal analysis. The kinetics of the crystallisation process were studied using the expression θ8 = exp (‐ kt n ), where θ = the fraction of crystallisable starch remaining uncrystallised at time t. The values for the Avrami exponent ( n ) and the rate constant ( k ) were found to coincide with values previously obtained for the staling of bread, as followed by measurement of crumb elastic modulus. No difference between the time constants of gels cooled slowly and rapidly after gelatinisation was found, indicating that the nucleation process in starch crystallisation is instantaneous in the systems studied. The fact that the Avrami exponent is unity also suggests that the nucleation process is instantaneous, and that it is followed by rod‐like growth of crystals.