gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study on the influence of frequency splitting of a WPT system on high frequency conducted EMI (2017)

With the rapid development of wireless power transfer (WPT) technology, the importance of electromagnetic interference and frequency splitting have attracted enough attention. However, few people link the two problems together. In this paper, based on the establishment of the high frequency equivalent model of the series-series resonant WPT system, the frequency splitting and detuning of the system are considered simultaneously to explore the influence on system conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI). The issue was analyzed and figured out by theoretical calculation, circuit simulation and experimental detection. The common mode (CM) noise of power side is simulated and measured under these conditions.
Postural Control and Age (1993)

We quantified the effect of vision, pressoreceptor function and proprioception on the postural stability at different ages. Altogether 212 healthy volunteers (ages from 6 to 90 years) were examined by using a computerised force platform. The sway velocity (SV) was measured with eyes open and eyes closed during quiet stance on a bare platform and a foam plastic covered surface. In addition, to study the proprioceptive system, pseudorandom vibration perturbation was applied on the calf muscles. The SV showed a U-shaped curve: the children and the oldest swayed most. Equilibrium was most stable around 50 years. The visual system was of most importance for balance control in the old. The children were sensitive of pressoreceptor and proprioceptive perturbation, indicating the importance of these systems for their postural control.
<i>in vivo</i> 3D Morphology of Astrocyte—Vasculature Interactions in the Somatosensory Cortex: Implications for Neurovascular Coupling (2010)

Astrocytes are increasingly believed to play an important role in neurovascular coupling. Recent in vivo studies have shown that intracellular calcium levels in astrocytes correlate with reactivity in adjacent diving arterioles. However, the hemodynamic response to stimulation involves a complex orchestration of vessel dilations and constrictions that spread rapidly over wide distances. In this work, we study the three-dimensional cytoarchitecture of astrocytes and their interrelations with blood vessels down through layer IV of the mouse somatosensory cortex using in vivo two-photon microscopy. Vessels and astrocytes were visualized through intravenous dextran-conjugated fluorescein and cortically applied sulforhodamine 101 (SR101), respectively. In addition to exploring astrocyte density, vascular proximity, and microvascular density, we found that sheathing of subpial vessels by astrocyte processes was continuous along all capillaries, arterioles, and veins, comprising a highly interconnected pathway through which signals could feasibly be relayed over long distances via gap junctions. An inner SR101-positive sheath noted along pial and diving arterioles was determined to be nonastrocytic, and appears to represent selective SR101 staining of arterial endothelial cells. Our findings underscore the intimate relationship between astrocytes and all cortical blood vessels, and suggest that astrocytes could influence neurovascular regulation at a range of sites, including the capillary bed and pial arterioles.
Immunization with Recombinant p17/p24:Ty Virus-like Particles in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Persons (1996)

In studies of the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, it has been repeatedly shown that higher-titer antibody responses to the HIV gag p24 protein correlate with less rapid disease progression. In HIV-negative persons, immunization with HIV-1 p17/p24:Ty virus-like particles (p24-VLP) induced humoral and cellular immune responses to p24. This construct was therefore studied as a potential immunotherapeutic agent with the objective of augmenting the immune response to p24 in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial involving 74 p24 antibody-positive, asymptomatic HIV-1-infected subjects with CD4 cell counts > 350/mm3. Immunization with p24-VLP was generally well tolerated. Immunization with p24-VLP did not increase p24 antibody levels and had no effect on CD4 cell counts or virus load. The failure to increase p24 antibody titers cannot entirely be explained by the subjects' immunodeficiency because most generated an antibody response to Ty, a yeast component of the immunogen
COOL substrate for 2.5D assembly (2015)

System integration with high data transmission often demands packaging solution having fine line routing capability in order to deliver the desired performances with better power and signal integrity. However, while wafer fabrication is advancing at a relentless pace, IC substrate technology has not been able to catch up device's fine feature needs at reasonable cost. This is due mainly to resin materials' poor mechanical stability and equipment limitations of current manufacturing infrastructure. As such, inorganic interposer such as silicon and glass interposers have been investigated intensively with their excellent material properties such as low CTE, high modulus and through-via processing capability. However, even fine feature interposer can meet devices' interconnect needs, most of 2.5D architectures adopt chip-first assembly methodology, which suffers high manufacturing cost due to high yield loss and thus limits their applications only in a very narrow area. This paper will describe an innovative chip-last 2.5D assembly using an integrated substrate namely, Carrier-on-Organic-Laminate (COOL) substrate to address fine pitch interconnection and manufacturing infrastructure issues. Structurally, COOL substrate has an interposer embedded in a build-up laminate and supported by a stiffener. The interposer can be chosen from ceramic, organic, glass, or silicon-based chip carrier depending on device routing density requirements and cost constraint. As interposer/laminate is interconnected by micro-via plating process (a low temperature process and devoid of solder reflow), thermal induced stress and interposer warpage problems can be largely resolved. As such, unlike most conventional 2.5D approaches where chip(s) are attached on an interposer before being assembled on HDI substrate by solder, COOL substrate allows most difficult chip-attachment process as the very last assembly step. In other words, COOL substrate simplifies the entire 2.5D assembly by enabling only one high temperature solder reflow process (e.g., micro-bump thermal compression) on a known good interposer/substrate. From the electrical performance viewpoint, COOL substrate minimizes the large power losses caused by the parasitic resistances and inductance introduced by conventional HDI substrate's plated through holes in core layer. Stiffener in COOL substrate can provide mechanical support and warpage management for the entire board. While the interposer maintains flatness in the central region, the stiffener control the warpage from periphery and this low warp feature allows copper pillar bumps be adopted in flip chip assembly. The paper will illustrate how the COOL substrate can be adapted for conventional flip chip assembly without incurring expensive new equipment and new tooling. Other benefits such as better thermal dissipation pathway and supporting Package-on-Package assembly solution will be described as well.
Long-term follow-up of in situ carcinoma of the breast. (1994)

Eighty cases of duct carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast have been investigated by a cohort-retrospective study. These consisted of 8.5 per 1,000 of 9,446 breast biopsies originally diagnosed as benign, between 1964 and 1976, with a mean follow-up of 17.5 years. There were forty-one cases (51%) of DCIS of clinging type (CC); 30 cases (37.%) of CC associated with other types of DCIS; nine cases of DCIS other than CC two of which were DCIS of comedo-type. Invasive duct carcinoma (IDC) subsequently developed in 11 patients (14%), whereas DCIS recurred in 5 (6%). The recurrence was ipsilateral in 12 of these 16 patients. IDC appeared more frequently, with high statistical significance, when the lesion present in the original biopsy showed pleomorphic (P) nuclei (ie, poorly differentiated cyto-nuclear morphology). The Standardized Morbidity Ratio (SMR) was 8.0 (95% CI; 2.9-17.5) with the general population as reference. IDC that developed following a lesion displaying P nuclei also showed a statistically significantly more aggressive behavior. It is suggested that when cases of DCIS are followed-up for a considerable length of time, a two-wave pattern of aggressiveness becomes apparent. IDC that develops after a poorly differentiated DCIS leads to death more precociously than that appearing after other types of DCIS, especially those showing more bland nuclear cytology.
Catalytic properties of an Escherichia coli formate dehydrogenase mutant in which sulfur replaces selenium. (1991)

Formate dehydrogenase H of Escherichia coli contains selenocysteine as an integral amino acid. We have purified a mutant form of the enzyme in which cysteine replaces selenocysteine. To elucidate the essential catalytic role of selenocysteine, kinetic and physical properties of the mutant enzyme were compared with those of wild type. The mutant and wild-type enzymes displayed similar pH dependencies with respect to activity and stability, although the mutant enzyme profiles were slightly shifted to more alkaline pH. Both enzymes were inactivated by reaction with iodoacetamide; however, addition of the substrate, formate, was necessary to render the enzymes susceptible to alkylation. Alkylation-induced inactivation was highly dependent on pH, with each enzyme displaying an alkylation vs. pH profile suggestive of an essential selenol or thiol. Both forms of the enzyme use a ping-pong bi-bi kinetic mechanism. The mutant enzyme binds formate with greater affinity than does the wild-type enzyme, as shown by reduced values of Km and Kd. However, the mutant enzyme has a turnover number which is more than two orders of magnitude lower than that of the native selenium-containing enzyme. The lower turnover number results from a diminished reaction rate for the initial step of the overall reaction, as found in kinetic analyses that employed the alternative substrate deuterioformate. These results indicate that the selenium of formate dehydrogenase H is directly involved in formate oxidation. The observed differences in kinetic properties may help explain the evolutionary conservation of selenocysteine at the enzyme's active site.
The effect of calcium ion concentration on the bone response to oxidized titanium implants (2011)

From biomechanical and histomorphometrical measurements, the two calcium concentrations in this study did not differ significantly with respect to their influence on the bone tissue response. This similar bone response in rabbit tibiae may be explained by the similarity of the qualitative Ca chemistry in titanium surfaces.
Water-Soluble Multifunctional Cross-Conjugated Poly(<i>p</i>-phenylenes) as Stimuli-Responsive Materials:  Design, Synthesis, and Characterization (2007)

The design, synthesis, and characterization of a series of thermally stable water-soluble polymers with cross-conjugation and multiple functional groups are reported. All copolymers were characterized by means of FT-IR, GPC, 1H and 13C NMR, UV−vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Photophysical properties showed collective responses from their respective conjugated segments. Titration studies showed that such polymers have good sensitivity for both cationic and anionic quenchers in fluorescence decay, with an average Stern−Volmer constant of 105 M-1. Besides fluorescence quenching, significant shifts in absorption and emission maxima upon addition of small molecules were also observed. High concentration of small molecular quenchers induced aggregation of the polymers. All polymers were able to form highly fluorescent, flexible, free-standing thin films via evaporation of the solvent. Hence, by attaching cationic and anionic groups on a cross-conjugated water-soluble structure, a multifunctional CP system was developed for potential applications.
The thermal rearrangement of allyl- and pentadienyl-ammonio-amidates. Evidence for competing but distinct concerted and radical mechanisms (1977)

The allyl-N-acylammonio-amidates (1) rearrange by competing [1,2] and [3,2] shifts and the reactions show similar solvent and substituent effects; nevertheless, the rearrangement reactions of pentadienyl-N-acylammonio-amidates (4) show that the [1,2] rearrangement proceeds entirely by a non-concerted process involving radicals, whereas the [3,2] rearrangement involves a different mechanism which could be a concerted pericyclic process.
Elastoplastic Phase Field Model for Time-dependent Hydrogen Diffusion, Hydride (and Blister) Formation and Fracture Initiation in Zirconium (2011)

Summary Zirconium and its alloys are key structural materials used in the nuclear power industry. In service, these metals are susceptible to a slow corrosion process that leads to a gradual pickup of hydrogen impurities from the environment. It is well known that hydrogen impurity will be attracted to stress concentrators such as notch and crack tips. At a certain hydrogen level, a complicated pattern of hydride precipitates can develop around these stress concentrators. Because of the brittleness of these hydrides, the original strength of the alloys can be reduced by orders of magnitude, and the fracture through these hydrides may occur. It is believed that critical conditions for the initiation of fractures at hydrides are controlled by the morphology and microstructure of hydride precipitates. In recent years by using a linear elastic approach, the author’s research team has simulated the morphological and microstructural evolution of hydride precipitation in single and polycrystalline zirconium under uniform and non-uniform stress fields. The methodology was based on the principles of the Ginzburg-Laudau kinetic phase-field theory coupled with Cahn-Hilliard diffusion dynamics, the method that has enjoyed much success in recent years. However, it is well known that plastic deformation will occur during hydride formation in zirconium alloys, and that plasticity around flaw tips may also play an important role during hydride fracture. The objective of this work is to incorporate plastic deformation into the phase field model and to develop computational methodologies to predict the realistic 3-D morphological evolution of hydride precipitates around notch and crack tips, hydride blister formation, and ultimately to predict fracture initiation at hydrides in zirconium.
Prognostic and predictive value of VEGF, sVEGFR-2 and CEA in mCRC studies comparing cediranib, bevacizumab and chemotherapy (2013)

Baseline VEGF and CEA levels were treatment-independent prognostic biomarkers for PFS and OS in both the studies.
Exploiting Local and Global Invariants for the Management of Large Scale Information Systems (2008)

This paper presents a data oriented approach to modeling the complex computing systems, in which an ensemble of correlation models are discovered to represent the system status. If the discovered correlations can continually hold under different user scenarios and workloads, they are regarded as invariants of the information system. In our previous work, we have developed an algorithm to automatically search the invariants between any pair of system attributes, which we call local invariants. However that method is unable to deal with the high order dependency models due to the combinatorial explosion of search space. In this paper we use Bayesian regression technique to discover those high order correlation models, called global invariants. We treat each attribute as a response variable in turn and express its dependency with the other attributes in a regression model. By adding the prior constraint of Laplacian distribution to the regression coefficients, we can find the solution in which only the correlated attributes with respect to the response have nonzero regression coefficients. After that we further consider the temporal dependencies of those extracted attributes by incorporating their past observations. We also provide a confidence metric and a validation procedure to measure the reliability of learned models. If the model does not break down in the validation, it is regarded as a true invariant of the system. Experimental results on a real wireless networking system show that the discovered invariants can be used to effectively detect system failures as well as provide valuable information about the failure source.
Retinex theory‐based shadow detection and removal in single outdoor image (2009)

Purpose Shadows, the common phenomena in most outdoor scenes, bring many problems in practical image processing. Shadow detection and removal, especial in uncalibrated outdoor image, is still a difficult problem. The purpose of this paper is to detect and to remove shadows in single outdoor image based on retinex theory. Design/methodology/approach The shadow extraction algorithm originates from a simple idea that the human‐vision‐based retinex has the natural ability to enhance the shadow regions of an image no matter it is penumbrae or umbrae. Shadows are detected by comparing the retinex‐enhanced images with original images in the paper. The shadow removal algorithm in the paper deals with the shadow regions and non‐shadow regions in the images separately using the retinex enhancement algorithm. Through adding smooth light forcibly to shadow edges and introducing shadow edge masks, the authors reduce the effects of shadow edges in shadow removal processing. Findings Some real single outdoor images with the umbra regions and those with penumbra regions are both experimented in the paper. Experimental results validate the feasibility of the approach. Originality/value The approach proposed here does not use any special prior knowledge and assumptions. The feasibility of this method is testified for detecting and removing both penumbrae and umbrae in the outdoor images.
A pragmatic approach to the design and implementation of a vibrotactile belt and its applications (2009)

A human centered pragmatic approach to the design and implementation of a vibrotactile belt is presented in this paper. Based on (a) extensive usability feedback we've collected over the past year, and (b) a thorough survey of existing design guidelines from the literature, we propose a set of design guidelines for the development of haptic belts that can span seamlessly across various applications. These guidelines cover three important aspects for haptic belts: functionality, performance and usability, which are vital for longitudinal use by end users. Taking a human-centric approach from these design guidelines, we demonstrate the construction of a wirelessly controlled haptic belt design that is versatile, usable and practical. Implementation details of the belt are given, along with a preliminary usability study and a brief review of some of the important application areas of haptic belts. Results from the usability study reveal that participants were very pleased with the proposed haptic belt, and found it to be easy to wear and use.
Single heterojunction Pb1−<i>x</i> Sn<i>x</i> Te diode lasers (1973)

Single heterojunction diode lasers in the Pb1−xSnx Te alloy system have been fabricated by low-temperature vacuum deposition of n-PbTe on a p-Pb0.88Sn0.12 Te substrate. The lasers have lower threshold current densities and operate cw at higher temperatures than homojunction devices in this material. At laser threshold the incremental diode resistance drops abruptly from 0.5 Ω to a series resistance limited value of 0.08 Ω, a previously unobserved effect in diode lasers which indicates very high internal quantum efficiency.
평생능력 개발 : 직업능력개발 훈련교사의 역량평가사로서의 훈련요구분석 (2015)

본 연구의 목적은 우리나라 직업능력개발 훈련교사의 역량평가사로서 필요한 역량에 대한 훈련요구를 알아보는 것이다. Russ-Eft의 평가자 역량모델을 기초로 역량평가사로서의 역량에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 전국의 직업능력개발 훈련교사 자격증을 가진 직업능력개발 훈련교사들을 대상으로 설문을 실시하였으며, 설문결과 본 설문에 최종적으로 응답한 인원은 총 234명이었고, 158명(67.5%)은 남성, 73명(31.2%)은 여성이었다. 분석 결과는 전문가 신뢰도(요구도 2.51), 평가관리계획 수립(요구도 2.11), 관리계획(요구도 2.08), 그리고 효과적 협업(요구도 2.07) 등의 순으로 개발의 요구가 파악되었다. 반면, 다양한 의도인식(요구도 1.01), 윤리기준 준수(요구도 1.24), 대인관계(요구도 1.76) 등은 상대적으로 개발의 요구가 높지 않은 것으로 나타났다.
Evidence-based treatment for children with autism : the CARD model (2014)

This manual is a user-friendly, comprehensive description of the Center for Autism and Related Disorders (CARD) model of autism treatment-the latest scientific information on what truly works in treating autism in an integrated, organized, consumable format. The book details effective early behavioral intervention, covering topics such as challenging behavior, visual modification, parental involvement, improving language, cognition, and social skills, and ends with a section that explains how all of the treatments can be put together in real-life service provision organizations. The CARD mode
Effects of nicotinamide on mouse skin tumor development and its mode of action. (1999)

Nicotinamide (NA), a naturally occurring vitamin and a protease inhibitor, has been shown to be effective in treating some skin ailments. It inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell differentiation. This report shows the effects of NA on mouse skin tumor development and on the critical events involved in this process. NA reduced tumor growth, inhibited the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induced ornithine decarboxylase activity, but induced the transglutaminase activity which was inhibited by TPA under different experimental conditions. The effects of NA on ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and transglutaminase (TG) indicated that nicotinamide (NA) probably programmed the cells for their death in the natural course of time, i.e. programmed cell death. This observation indicates that NA might be a better agent for the detailed study and for the better use in prevention of cancer alone or in combination with other drugs.
Optimal Moderation in the Pebble-Bed Reactor for Enhanced Passive Safety and Improved Fuel Utilization (2004)

The concept of optimal moderation is introduced as a reactor configuration in which any change in the fuel-to-moderator ratio causes a reduction in reactivity. It is shown that such a configuration cannot persist over time in a reactor with stationary fuel, but can do so in a reactor with moving fuel, such as a pebble-bed reactor. It is further shown by the example of pebble-bed versions of the proposed Next Generation Nuclear Plant that such optimal moderation in gas-cooled reactors leads to significant advantages in response to water ingress, fuel utilization, and resistance to nuclear weapons proliferation.
Overexpression of miR‐483‐5p/3p cooperate to inhibit mouse liver fibrosis by suppressing the <scp>TGF</scp>‐β stimulated <scp>HSC</scp>s in transgenic mice (2014)

The transition from liver fibrosis to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been suggested to be a continuous and developmental pathological process. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are recently discovered molecules that regulate the expression of genes involved in liver disease. Many reports demonstrate that miR-483-5p and miR-483-3p, which originate from miR-483, are up-regulated in HCC, and their oncogenic targets have been identified. However, recent studies have suggested that miR-483-5p/3p is partially down-regulated in HCC samples and is down-regulated in rat liver fibrosis. Therefore, the aberrant expression and function of miR-483 in liver fibrosis remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that overexpression of miR-483 in vivo inhibits mouse liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 . We demonstrate that miR-483-5p/3p acts together to target two pro-fibrosis factors, platelet-derived growth factor-β and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2, which suppress the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) LX-2. Our work identifies the pathway that regulates liver fibrosis by inhibiting the activation of HSCs.