gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chromatin conjugate protein A24 is cleaved and ubiquitin is lost during chicken erythropoiesis. (1980)

The content of protein A24, an adduct of histone 2A and ubiquitin, was studied during chicken erythropoiesis. The amount of protein A24 was negligible in transcriptionally inactive mature chicken erythrocyte nuclei and 6-fold higher in the transcriptionally active nuclei of erythroid cells from phenylhydrazine-treated chickens. The decreased amount of protein A24 in the mature cells was offset by the relatively increased amount of histone 2A. A loss of free ubiquitin was also noted. In contrast, the amounts of high mobility group proteins 1,2, and E were essentially constant. Inasmuch as cleavage of the ubiquitin---histone 2A bond of protein A24 and loss of ubiquitin accompanied transcriptional shutdown during erythropoiesis, the presence of protein A24 and ubiquitin in premature polychromatic erythrocytes may reflect the presence of potentially active and transcribing chromatin structures.
A Chiral Bis(betaine) Catalyst for the Mannich Reaction of Azlactones and Aliphatic Imines (2012)

By design: New chiral bis(betaine)s, for example 1, containing two catalytically active centers have been designed. They have proven to be promising organocatalysts for the direct Mannich-type reaction of azlactones with a broad spectrum of aliphatic imines, thus affording α-tetrasubstituted α,β-diamino acid surrogates with excellent enantioselectivities. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
RNA Damage in Human Atherosclerosis: Pathophysiological Significance and Implications for Gene Expression Studies (2005)

RNA damage is a poorly examined field in biomedical research. Potential triggers of RNA damage as well as its pathophysiological implications remain largely unknown. Here we summarize recent evidence that loss of RNA integrity and 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-guanosine (8-oxoG) oxidative RNA modifications frequently occur in advanced human atherosclerotic plaques. At least two features of advanced human plaques, namely oxidative stress and intraplaque hemorrhage followed by iron deposition, may be involved in the process of RNA degradation. Although speculative, RNA damage may lead to destabilization and rupture of atherosclerotic plaques by interfering with protein synthesis and stimulation of cell death. Moreover, RNA damage may affect in vitro transcript quantification, thereby influencing data from gene expression studies.
An optical neural interface:<i>in vivo</i>control of rodent motor cortex with integrated fiberoptic and optogenetic technology (2007)

Neural interface technology has made enormous strides in recent years but stimulating electrodes remain incapable of reliably targeting specific cell types (e.g. excitatory or inhibitory neurons) within neural tissue. This obstacle has major scientific and clinical implications. For example, there is intense debate among physicians, neuroengineers and neuroscientists regarding the relevant cell types recruited during deep brain stimulation (DBS); moreover, many debilitating side effects of DBS likely result from lack of cell-type specificity. We describe here a novel optical neural interface technology that will allow neuroengineers to optically address specific cell types in vivo with millisecond temporal precision. Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), an algal light-activated ion channel we developed for use in mammals, can give rise to safe, light-driven stimulation of CNS neurons on a timescale of milliseconds. Because ChR2 is genetically targetable, specific populations of neurons even sparsely embedded within intact circuitry can be stimulated with high temporal precision. Here we report the first in vivo behavioral demonstration of a functional optical neural interface (ONI) in intact animals, involving integrated fiberoptic and optogenetic technology. We developed a solid-state laser diode system that can be pulsed with millisecond precision, outputs 20 mW of power at 473 nm, and is coupled to a lightweight, flexible multimode optical fiber, approximately 200 microm in diameter. To capitalize on the unique advantages of this system, we specifically targeted ChR2 to excitatory cells in vivo with the CaMKIIalpha promoter. Under these conditions, the intensity of light exiting the fiber ( approximately 380 mW mm(-2)) was sufficient to drive excitatory neurons in vivo and control motor cortex function with behavioral output in intact rodents. No exogenous chemical cofactor was needed at any point, a crucial finding for in vivo work in large mammals. Achieving modulation of behavior with optical control of neuronal subtypes may give rise to fundamental network-level insights complementary to what electrode methodologies have taught us, and the emerging optogenetic toolkit may find application across a broad range of neuroscience, neuroengineering and clinical questions.
Change impact analysis for AspectJ programs (2008)

Change impact analysis is a useful technique for software evolution. It determines the effects of a source editing session and provides valuable feedbacks to the programmers for making correct decisions. Recently, many techniques have been proposed to support change impact analysis of procedural or object-oriented software, but seldom effort has been made for aspect-oriented software. In this paper we propose a new change impact analysis technique for AspectJ programs. At the core of our approach is the atomic change representation which captures the semantic differences between two versions of an AspectJ program. We also present an impact analysis model, based on AspectJ call graph construction, to determine the affected program fragments, affected tests and their responsible changes. The proposed techniques have been implemented in Celadon, a change impact analysis framework for AspectJ programs. We performed an empirical evaluation on 24 versions of eight AspectJ benchmarks. The result shows that our proposed technique can effectively perform change impact analysis and provide valuable information in AspectJ software evolution.
The Creative Destruction of Medicine: How the Digital Revolution Will Create Better Health Care (2011)

The digital landscape -- The orientation of medicine today -- To what extent are consumers empowered? -- Physiology : wireless sensors -- Biology : sequencing the genome -- Anatomy : from imaging to printing organs -- Electronic health records and health information systems -- The convergence of human data capture -- Doctors with plasticity? -- The rebooted life science industry -- The individual.
<title>Application of gray-scale LDW-glass masks for fabrication of high-efficiency DOEs</title> (1999)

The perspective opportunity to fabricate gray-scale masks was given LDW-glasses (LDW--Laser Direct Writing) from Canyon Materials, Inc. LDW-glass blanks contain a large number density of coloring specks of silver in a surface glass layer. A focused laser beam is used to heat erase these coloring specks. Experiments on the influence of laser radiation on LDW-glasses was carried out using a circular laser writing system. The transmittance value from the blank of 0.1 - 5% up to 70 - 80% depending on laser beam power is obtained with the current write scheme. Results of research of LDW-glasses behavior in a wide range of laser beam scanning speeds are described. Laser pattern generation in LDW-glass including the spatial resolution is discussed. The technology of fabrication of continuous-phase diffractive elements was tested by making exemplary Fresnel lenses. Total 80% efficiency for quartz Fresnel lenses with minimal zone width of 8 micrometers was readily achieved in the preliminary experiments.
'1+1>2': merging distance and density based clustering (2001)

Clustering is an important data exploration task. Its use in data mining is growing very fast. Traditional clustering algorithms which no longer cater for the data mining requirements are modified increasingly. Clustering algorithms are numerous which can be divided in several categories. Two prominent categories are distance-based and density-based (e.g. K-means and DBSCAN, respectively). While K-means is fast, easy to implement and converges to local optima almost surely, it is also easily affected by noise. On the other hand, while density-based clustering can find arbitrary shape clusters and handle noise well, it is also slow in comparison due to neighborhood search for each data point, and faces a difficulty in setting the density threshold properly. We propose BRIDGE that efficiently merges the two by exploiting the advantages of one to counter the limitations of the other and vice versa. BRIDGE enables DBSCAN to handle very large data efficiently and improves the quality of K-means clusters by removing the noisy points. It also helps the user in setting the density threshold parameter properly. We further show that other clustering algorithms can be merged using a similar strategy. An example given in the paper merges BIRCH clustering with DBSCAN.
Interactions between magnetostatic and surface acoustic waves in garnet films (1988)

The interaction between magnetostatic waves (MSWs) and surface acoustic waves (SAWs) propagating in the same epitaxially grown single-crystal yttrium iron garnet (YIG) film is investigated. As the acoustic wave propagates in the magnetic film, magnetoelastic coupling between the elastic strain fields of the SAW and the magnetic spin system takes place, so that the SAW slightly modulates the characteristics of the magnetic medium. A novel approach for spectrum analysis is introduced that is based on the diffraction of a magnetostatic wave by a Bragg cell generated by an acoustic wave. The RF signal to be detected is fed to a single microstrip line to excite the MSW. Thus, the operating frequency of such a device can be as high as 20 GHz or more.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mechanisms for the reduction of the Schottky barrier heights of high-quality nonalloyed Pt contacts on surface-treated <i>p</i>-GaN (2000)

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to investigate the chemical bonding and electronic properties of the interfaces between Pt and p-GaN layers that were two-step surface treated using a buffered-oxide etch solution, and hence, to understand the surface-treatment time dependence of the Schottky barrier height (SBH). Current–voltage (I–V) measurements show that the effective SBH decreases with increasing surface-treatment time. The XPS results show that as the treatment time increases, the Ga 2p and Pt 4f core levels for the 20-min-treated samples shift toward the lower-binding-energy side by 0.6 and 1.5 eV, respectively, compared to the 0.5-min-treated one. It is further shown that the intensity of the oxygen core-level peak decreases with increasing treatment time. Based on the I–V and XPS results, the observed reduction of the effective SBHs is attributed to the combined effects of the effective removal of the native oxide and the shift of the surface Fermi level toward the valence-band edge.
Validation of a smartphone application and wearable sensor for measurements of wrist motions (2021)

We developed a smartphone application to measure wrist motion using the mobile device's built-in motion sensors or connecting it via Bluetooth to a wearable sensor. Measurement of wrist motion with this method was assessed in 33 participants on two occasions and compared with those obtained with a standard goniometer. The test-retest reproducibility in healthy individuals ranged from good to excellent (intraclass correlation (ICC) 0.76-0.95) for all motions, both with and without the wearable sensor. These results improved to excellent (ICC 0.90-0.96) on the second test day, suggesting a learning effect. The day-to-day reproducibility was overall better with the wearable sensor (mean ICC 0.87) compared with the application without using sensor or goniometer (mean ICC 0.82 and 0.60, respectively). This study suggests that smartphone-based measurements of wrist range of motion are feasible and highly accurate, making it a powerful tool for outcome studies after wrist surgery.
Artificial neural network models for predicting degradation trends in system components and sensors (2004)

A prediction model based-on artificial neural network technology was developed for trend forecasting of a given degradation process in a system component. The model utilizes the engineering analysis of the degradation process under study with the analysis of process field data and information to predict future trend in the degradation. The neural network prediction models were applied to simulated degradation data of a typical system component. The prediction results showed that the neural network models were capable of recognizing the correct future degradation trends in data even with a limited amount of input data. In addition, the models were able to capture the dynamics and nonlinearities associated with the degradation process data.
DOUBLE-BLIND RANDOMIZED MULTICENTRE TRIAL OF ACAMPROSATE IN MAINTAINING ABSTINENCE FROM ALCOHOL (1995)

A prospective placebo-controlled, randomized double-blind study of Acamprosate at two dose levels in alcohol-dependent patients followed up for 12 months was performed. After detoxification, each of the 538 patients included was randomly assigned to one of three groups: 177 patients received placebo, 188 received Acamprosate at 1.3 g/day (low dose group) and 173 received 2.0 g/day (high dose group) for 12 months. This was followed by a single blind 6 month period on placebo. The patients' mean age was 43.2 +/- 8.6 years. Their mean daily alcohol intake was high (nearly 200 g/day) and of long duration (9.5 +/- 7.1 years). Abstinence figures followed the order high dose > low dose > placebo. The difference was significant at 6 months (P < or = 0.02) but not at 12 months (P = 0.096). The number of days of continuous abstinence after detoxification was 153 +/- 197 for the high-dose group versus 102 +/- 165 for the placebo group (P = 0.005), with the lose-dose group reporting 135 +/- 189 days. Clinic attendance was significantly better in the Acamprosate groups than in the placebo group at 6 months (P = 0.002) and 12 months (P = 0.005). During the 6-month post-treatment period, no increased relapse rate or residual drug effect was observed. The side effect profile for Acamprosate was good compared with controls with only diarrhoea being reported more frequently (P < 0.01). This study confirms the pharmacological efficacy of Acamprosate and its good acceptability. As an adjunct to psychotherapy, this study supports the inclusion of Acamprosate in a strategy for treating alcoholism.
Modeling and Security in Cloud Ecosystems (2016)

Clouds do not work in isolation but interact with other clouds and with a variety of systems either developed by the same provider or by external entities with the purpose to interact with them; forming then an ecosystem. A software ecosystem is a collection of software systems that have been developed to coexist and evolve together. The stakeholders of such a system need a variety of models to give them a perspective of the possibilities of the system, to evaluate specific quality attributes, and to extend the system. A powerful representation when building or using software ecosystems is the use of architectural models, which describe the structural aspects of such a system. These models have value for security and compliance, are useful to build new systems, can be used to define service contracts, find where quality factors can be monitored, and to plan further expansion. We have described a cloud ecosystem in the form of a pattern diagram where its components are patterns and reference architectures. A pattern is an encapsulated solution to a recurrent problem. We have recently expanded these models to cover fog systems and containers. Fog Computing is a highly-virtualized platform that provides compute, storage, and networking services between end devices and Cloud Computing Data Centers; a Software Container provides an execution environment for applications sharing a host operating system, binaries, and libraries with other containers. We intend to use this architecture to answer a variety of questions about the security of this system as well as a reference to design interacting combinations of heterogeneous components. We defined a metamodel to relate security concepts which is being expanded.
Classification-based resource selection (2009)

In some retrieval situations, a system must search across multiple collections. This task, referred to as federated search, occurs for example when searching a distributed index or aggregating content for web search. Resource selection refers to the subtask of deciding, given a query, which collections to search. Most existing resource selection methods rely on evidence found in collection content. We present an approach to resource selection that combines multiple sources of evidence to inform the selection decision. We derive evidence from three different sources: collection documents, the topic of the query, and query click-through data. We combine this evidence by treating resource selection as a multiclass machine learning problem. Although machine learned approaches often require large amounts of manually generated training data, we present a method for using automatically generated training data. We make use of and compare against prior resource selection work and evaluate across three experimental testbeds.
The Life Adventures of Lieutenant-Colonel John Connolly: The Story of a Tory [I, II] (1928)

includes Chapters: I. Youth and Early Manhood II. As Dunmore's Representative at Fort Pitt
Natural course of supravalvar aortic stenosis and peripheral pulmonary arterial stenosis in Williams‘ syndrome (1999)

We investigated the catheterization and angiographic findings of 26 patients with Williams' syndrome to evaluate the natural course of supravalvar aortic stenosis and peripheral pulmonary arterial stenosis. The severity of the stenosis was correlated with age and body surface area in terms of the pulmonary arterial index, right ventricular systolic pressure, sinutubular ratio (ratio of measured to mean normal diameter of sinutubular junction), and systolic pressure gradient across the sinutubular junction. In patients with pulmonary arterial stenosis (n=20), right ventricular systolic pressure tended to decrease, and pulmonary arterial index increased, with increase in age and body surface area. Between the groups with and without pulmonary arterial stenosis, there was significant difference in age (mean 4.70 vs. 9.87, p=0.019), body surface area (0.62 vs. 1.16, p=0.002), pulmonary arterial index (152 vs. 317, p=0.002) and right ventricular systolic pressure (73.9 vs. 33.0, p=0.006). As all patients showed similar diameters at the sinutubular junction regardless of age and body size, sinutubular ratio decreased with increases in age and body surface area. The group with abnormal coronary arteries (n=7) had smaller sinutubular ratio (0.46 vs. 0.61, p=0.021) and higher pressure gradients between the left ventricle and the aorta (67.6 vs. 42.2, p=0.023) than did the group with normal coronary arteries. Stenosis of a coronary artery, or a branch of the aortic arch, was observed only in three patients with diffuse aortic stenosis. Our results suggest that, with time, peripheral pulmonary arterial stenosis tends to improve, and supravalvar aortic stenosis to progress. Failure of growth of the sinutubular junction might be responsible for the progression of the aortic lesion. Progression of the aortic lesion may be associated with involvement of the coronary arteries.
Amygdala Volume Changes in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a Large Case-Controlled Veterans Group (2012)

These results provide clear evidence of an association between a smaller amygdala volume and PTSD. The lack of correlation between trauma load or illness chronicity and amygdala volume suggests that a smaller amygdala represents a vulnerability to developing PTSD or the lack of a dose-response relationship with amygdala volume. Our results may trigger a renewed impetus for investigating structural differences in the amygdala, its genetic determinants, its environmental modulators, and the possibility that it reflects an intrinsic vulnerability to PTSD.
Intra-field on-product overlay improvement by application of RegC and TWINSCAN corrections (2015)

The on product overlay specification and Advanced Process Control (APC) is getting extremely challenging particularly after the introduction of multi-patterning applications like Spacer Assisted Double Patterning (SADP) and multipatterning techniques like N-repetitive Litho-Etch steps (LE<sup>N</sup>, N ≥ 2). When the latter is considered, most of the intrafield overlay contributors drop out of the overlay budget. This is a direct consequence of the fact that the scanner settings (like dose, illumination settings, etc.) as well as the subsequent processing steps can be made very similar for two consecutive Litho-Etch layers. The major overlay contributor that may require additional attention is the Image Placement Error (IPE). When the inter-layer overlay is considered, controlling the intra-field overlay contribution gets more complicated. In addition to the IPE contribution, the TWINSCAN<sup>TM</sup> lens fingerprint in combination with the exposure settings is going to play a role as well. Generally speaking, two subsequent functional layers have different exposure settings. This results in a (non-reticle) additional overlay contribution. In this paper, we have studied the wafer overlay correction capability by RegC® in addition to the TWINSCAN<sup>TM</sup> intrafield corrections to improve the on product overlay performance. RegC® is a reticle intra-volume laser writing technique that causes a predictable deformation element (RegC® deformation element) inside the quartz (Qz) material of a reticle. This technique enables to post-process an existing reticle to correct for instance for IPE. Alternatively, a pre-determined intra-field fingerprint can be added to the reticle such that it results in a straight field after exposure. This second application might be very powerful to correct for instance for (cold) lens fingerprints that cannot be corrected by the scanner itself. Another possible application is the intra-field processing fingerprint. One should realize that a RegC® treatment of a reticle generally results in global distortion of the reticle. This is not a problem as long as these global distortions can be corrected by the TWINSCAN<sup>TM</sup> system (currently up to the third order). It is anticipated that the combination of the RegC® and the TWINSCAN<sup>TM </sup>corrections act as complementary solutions. These solutions perfectly fit into the ASML Litho InSight (LIS) product in which feedforward and feedback corrections based on YieldStar overlay measurements are used to improve the on product overlay.