gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>l</i>-(+)Citrulline (1939)

Research Article| February 01 1939 l-(+)Citrulline Allan Godfrey Gornall; Allan Godfrey Gornall 1The Department of Pathological Chemistry, University of Toronto Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Andrew Hunter Andrew Hunter 1The Department of Pathological Chemistry, University of Toronto Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1939) 33 (2): 170–172. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0330170 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Allan Godfrey Gornall, Andrew Hunter; l-(+)Citrulline. Biochem J 1 February 1939; 33 (2): 170–172. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0330170 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1939 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1939 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa Caused by the Threonine-17-Methionine Rhodopsin Mutation: Retinal Histopathology and Immunocytochemistry (1994)

The retinas from a 68-year-old man with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa caused by the threonine-17-methionine rhodopsin mutation were studied. Patients with this mutation have a characteristic clinical phenotype that shows intra- and interfamilial consistency. The retinas were examined by light and electron microscopy, including immunocytochemistry with markers for rods, cones, the retinal pigment epithelium, the interphotoreceptor matrix and Müller cells, and the results were correlated with those from visual function tests performed fourteen months before death. Grossly, both retinas had heavy deposits of bone spicule-like pigmentation inferiorly, but the superior retinas showed much less pigmentation. The maculas contained no rods and an incomplete monolayer of cone somata, consistent with the patient's severely reduced central vision. The inferior retinas contained no rods and rare cone somata, correlating with an absolute scotoma in the superior field. The superior retinas had near-normal-appearing rods and cones in the far periphery and a gradient from the midperipheral to central retina of progressively shortened outer segments and loss of photoreceptors, consistent with the patient's reduced rod and cone electroretinograms and retained rod and cone sensitivities in the inferior peripheral field by perimetry. Immunocytochemistry with rod-specific markers was qualitatively normal in the superior mid to far peripheral retina. Electron microscopic immunogold labeling with anti-rhodopsin revealed similar densities of gold particles over rod outer segments of the RP and a normal donor retina. Degenerate photoreceptors in the superior equatorial region of the RP retina had short outer segments, and some rods had surface labeling with anti-rhodopsin of the inner segments, somata and synapses. The results indicate regional retinal differences of disease severity in this genotype and that rods in the superior peripheral retina have normal morphology despite the presence of the mutant allele. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first detailed study of rod photoreceptors in the retina of an RP patient with a rhodopsin mutation.
Different immunogenicity but similar antitumor efficacy of two DNA vaccines coding for an antigen secreted in different membrane vesicle‐associated forms (2014)

The induction of an active immune response to control or eliminate tumours is still an unfulfilled challenge. We focused on plasmid DNA vaccines using an innovative approach whereby the antigen is expressed in association with extracellular vesicles (EVs) to facilitate antigen cross-presentation and improve induced immunity. Our two groups had independently shown previously that DNA vaccines encoding EV-associated antigens are more efficient at inducing cytotoxic T-cell responses than vaccines encoding the non-EV-associated antigen. Here, we compared our two approaches to associate the ovalbumin (OVA) antigen to EVs: (a) by fusion to the lipid-binding domain C1C2 of MFGE8(=lactadherin), which is exposed on the surface of secreted membrane vesicles; and (b) by fusion to retroviral Gag capsid protein, which is incorporated inside membrane-enclosed virus-like particles. Plasmids encoding either form of modified OVA were used as DNA-based vaccines (i.e. injected into mice to allow in vivo expression of the antigen associated to EVs). We show that both DNA vaccines induced, with similar efficiency, OVA-specific CD8(+) T cells and total IgG antibodies. By contrast, each vaccine preferentially stimulated different isotypes of immunoglobulins, and the OVA-C1C2-encoding vaccine favoured antigen-specific CD4(+) T lymphocyte induction as compared to the Gag-OVA vaccine. Nevertheless, both OVA-C1C2 and Gag-OVA vaccines efficiently prevented in vivo outgrowth of OVA-expressing tumours and reduced tumour progression when administered to tumour-bearing mice, although with variable efficacies depending on the tumour models. DNA vaccines encoding EV-associated antigens are thus promising immunotherapy tools in cancer but also potentially other diseases.
Cloning and expression of the carboxypeptidase gene from <i>Aspergillus saitoi</i> and determination of the catalytic residues by site-directed mutagenesis (1995)

Carboxypeptidase from Aspergillus saitoi removes acidic, neutral and basic amino acids as well as proline from the C-terminal position at pH 2-5. cpdS, a cDNA encoding A. saitoi carboxypeptidase, was cloned and expressed. Analysis of the 1816-nucleotide sequence revealed a single open reading frame coding for 523 amino acids. When A. saitoi carboxypeptidase cDNA was expressed in yeast cells, carboxypeptidase activity was detected in the cell extract and was immunostained with a 72 kDa protein with polyclonal anti-(A. saitoi carboxypeptidase) serum. The recombinant enzyme treated with glycopeptidase F migrated with an apparent molecular mass of 60 kDa on SDS/PAGE, which was the same as that of the de-N-glycosylated carboxypeptidase from A. saitoi. Site-directed mutagenesis of the cpdS indicated that Ser-153, Asp-357 and His-436 residues were essential for the enzymic catalysis. It can be concluded that A. saitoi carboxypeptidase has a catalytic triad comprising Asp-His-Ser and is a member of serine carboxypeptidase family (EC 3.4.16.1).
Image texture classification using textons (2011)

In this paper, we explore the use of textons for image texture classification in the context of population density estimation. For this purpose, we have taken high resolution Google Earth images and classified them into four classes i.e. high population density, medium population density, low population density and unpopulated (land/vegetation) areas. A texton dictionary is first built by clustering the responses obtained after convolving the images with a set of filters i.e. “Filter banks”. Using this dictionary, texton histograms are calculated for each class's texture. These histograms are used as training models. Classification of a test image proceeds by mapping this image to a texton histogram and comparing this histogram to the learnt models. To obtain a quantitative assessment of the efficiency of the proposed method, we compare the results of the proposed method with those obtained through supervised classification based on texture extracted by Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM). The results demonstrate that texton based classification achieves better results.
Binary translation and architecture convergence issues for IBM system/390 (2000)

We describe the design issues in an implementation of the ESA/390 architecture based on binary translation to a very long instruction word (VLIW) processor. During binary translation, complex ESA/390 instructions are decomposed into instruction “primitives” which are then scheduled onto a wide-issue machine. The aim is to achieve high instruction level parallelism due to the increased scheduling and optimization opportunities which can be exploited by binary translation software, combined with the efficiency of long instruction word architectures. A further aim is to study the feasibility of a common execution platform for different instruction set architectures, such as ESA/390, RS?6000, AS/400 and the Java Virtual Machine, so that multiple systems can be built around a common execution platform.
Organic Phosphorus Compounds 61. Esterification and chlorination of nitrilo‐tri(methylene‐phosphonic acid), N(CH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>3</sub>H<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>, and hydroxyethylidenediphosphonic acid, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>PC(OH)(CH<sub>3</sub>)PO<sub>3</sub>H<sub>2</sub>, and the corresponding esters (1973)

Abstract Nitrilo‐tri(methylenephosphonic acid) and hydroxyethylidenediphosphonic acid are esterified in high yield when treated with excess orthoformic acid ester under reflux. Because of the high temperature necessary to effect esterification a partial isomerization of hydroxyethylidenediphosphonate to the phosphate‐phosphonate isomer V takes place. Chlorination of N(CH 2 PO 3 H 2 ) 3 or a mixture of the ester and the acid with PCl 5 yields tris(chloromethyl)amine, N(CH 2 Cl) 3 . Interaction of N(CH 2 Cl) 3 and (EtO) 3 P yields nitrilo‐tri(methylenephosphonate), which on hydrolysis with HCl conc. produces N(CH 2 PO 3 H 2 ) 3 . Chlorination of a mixture of hydroxyethylidene‐diphosphonic acid and the corresponding ethyl ester IV which contained the phosphate‐phosphonate isomer V gave the products VII to XI. Chlorination of the acid III with PCl 5 gave 4 products, i.e. , VIII, IX, XI and Cl 2 (O)POP(O)Cl 2 . The 1 H‐ and 31 P‐NMR. spectra of the products are discussed.
Virtual Time and Global States of Distributed Systems (2002)

A distributed system can be characterized by the fact that the global state is distributed and that a common time base does not exist. However, the notion of time is an important concept in every day life of our decentralized &quot;real world&quot; and helps to solve problems like getting a consistent population census or determining the potential causality between events. We argue that a linearly ordered structure of time is not (always) adequate for distributed systems and propose a generalized non-standardmodel of time which consists of vectors of clocks. These clock-vectors arepartially orderedand form a lattice. By using timestamps and a simple clock update mechanism the structure of causality is represented in an isomorphic way. The new model of time has a close analogy to Minkowski&apos;s relativistic spacetime and leads among others to an interesting characterization of the global state problem. Finally, we present a new algorithm to compute a consistent global snapshot of a distributed system where messages may bereceived out of order.
Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS‐1) plays a unique role in normal epidermal physiology (2007)

Insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins play a central role in insulin signaling. Previously we have demonstrated that insulin is essential for normal skin development and function. In the present study we investigated the involvement of the IRS-1 and IRS-2 proteins in skin physiology and in mediating insulin action in skin. For this purpose we have investigated the effects of inactivation of each of the IRSs on skin, studying skin sections and primary skin cells derived from IRS-1 or IRS-2 null mice. We have demonstrated that while the skin of the IRS-2 null mice appeared normal, the skin of the IRS-1 null mice was thinner and translucent. Histological analysis revealed that the thinning of the IRS-1 null skin was a consequence of the thinning of the spinous compartment, consisting of fewer layers. Proliferation of the IRS-1 and IRS-2 null skin epidermal cells was normal. However, the differentiation process of the IRS-1 skin and skin cells was impaired. There was a marked decrease in the induction of the expression of K1, the marker of advanced stages of skin differentiation. In contrary, IRS-2 inactivation had no effects on skin differentiation. In conclusion, we have shown for the first time that IRS-1 but not IRS-2 has an effect on skin formation and development, being one of the main activators of the differentiation process in skin keratinocytes. Furthermore, we suggest that IRS-1 and IRS-2 have distinct roles in skin physiology.
Discovery and validation of urinary biomarkers for prostate cancer (2008)

Only 30% of patients with elevated serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels who undergo prostate biopsy are diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa). Novel methods are needed to reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies. We report on the identification and validation of a panel of 12 novel biomarkers for prostate cancer (PCaP), using CE coupled MS. The biomarkers could be defined by comparing first void urine of 51 men with PCa and 35 with negative prostate biopsy. In contrast, midstream urine samples did not allow the identification of discriminatory molecules, suggesting that prostatic fluids may be the source of the defined biomarkers. Consequently, first void urine samples were tested for sufficient amounts of prostatic fluid, using a prostatic fluid indicative panel ("informative" polypeptide panel; IPP). A combination of IPP and PCaP to predict positive prostate biopsy was evaluated in a blinded prospective study. Two hundred thirteen of 264 samples matched the IPP criterion. PCa was detected with 89% sensitivity, 51% specificity. Including age and percent free PSA to the proteomic signatures resulted in 91% sensitivity, 69% specificity.
Zirconium‐mediated asymmetric Baeyer‐Villiger oxidation (2000)

Combinations of axially chiral C2-symmetric diols were used as ligands in zirconium-mediated Baeyer-Villiger reactions. The in situ preformed Zr-diol species proved effective in the asymmetric oxidation of bicyclic and monosubstituted cyclobutanones when a hydroperoxide was employed as oxidant. Asymmetric induction could be preserved upon replacement of one out of two enantiopure BINOL ligands by conformationally flexible 2,2′-biphenol. Chirality 12:523–525, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF FLAVONOID-RICH EXTRACTS FROM LEAVES OF AMPELOPSIS GROSSEDENTATA (2009)

ABSTRACT Leaves of Ampelopsis grossedentata have been consumed in southern China as health tea and herbal medicine. In this study, two kinds of flavonoid-rich extracts from leaves of A. grossedentata were prepared by traditional solvent extraction (product A) and recrystallization (product B). By analysis of ultraviolet-visible (UV) spectrometry, infrared (IR) spectrometry, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-ESI/MS, the major flavonoid in two products was identified as (+)-dihydromyricetin (DMY). Also, by HPLC, the contents of DMY in leaves, product A and product B were measured to be 32.96 ± 1.18%, 77.15 ± 1.98% and 95.12 ± 2.86%, respectively. Various antioxidant tests (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, reducing power, antioxidant activity in linoleic acid system) showed that the antioxidant activity of the flavonoid-rich extracts could be comparable with that of tertiary butylhydroquinone. The flavonoid-rich extracts from A. grossedentata leaves have a promise to be a new natural antioxidant with potential application in food industry. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Leaves of Ampelopsis grossedentata are consumed in southern China as health tea (Tengcha) and herbal medicine. In this study, the flavonoid-rich extracts from leaves of A. grossedentata, which were rich in (+)-dihydromyricetin, were prepared by traditional solvent extraction and recrystallization. Also, the antioxidant activity of the extracts can be comparable with that of tertiary butylhydroquinone. The results obtained in this study suggest that leaves of A. grossedentata may have potential as a new source of natural antioxidant and health food with great commercial interest in the food and phytopharmaceutical market.
[In vitro effect against Giardia of 14 plant extracts]. (1995)

A clear in vitro antigiardiasic effects was seen in nine species. Three of them were superior to tinidazol which is a drug of common use in the treatment of giardiasis.
ON-CARD DRY REAGENT STORAGE FOR DISPOSABLE MICROFLUIDIC IMMUNOASSAYS (2008)

Point-of-care microfluidic assays for the developing world face uncontrolled storage temperatures that can destroy functionality of on-card reagents. In development of such assays [1], we report a method for dry storage and microfluidic rehydration of immunochemical reagents in a sugar-based matrix on porous media. Using gold-antibody conjugates against the malarial antigen Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein II, we identify preservatives for long-term reagent viability on porous substrates, demonstrate repeatable reagent rehydration in microfluidic formats, and characterize microfluidic reagent release.
Fine-needle aspiration cytology of Hodgkin disease (2001)

The cytologic diagnosis of HD can be challenging when classic R-S cells are absent. Contributing factors for a false-negative diagnosis include obscuring reactive inflammatory cells, fibrosis of the involved lymph nodes, partial involvement of the lymph node by HD, sampling error, and misinterpretation. On-site assessment significantly minimizes the false-negative diagnostic rate. Furthermore, additional material can be obtained for ancillary studies. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol)
A revision of the Australian hylaeine bees (Hymenoptera : Colletidae). I. Introductory material and the genera <i>Heterapoides</i> Sandhouse, <i>Gephyrohylaeus</i> Michener, <i>Huleoides</i> Smith, <i>Pharohylaeus</i> Michener, <i>Hemirhiza</i> Michener, <i>Amphylaeus</i> Michener and <i>Meroglossa</i> (1975)

This is the first revision of seven genera of Australian hylaeine bees. The genus Gephyrohylaeus Michener is recorded from Australia for the first time. Some morphological features of taxonomic importance are outlined and discussed. They include four kinds of foveae (believed to be associated with wax secretion), antenna1 and metasomal epidermal glands, modified mesosternal setae, strongly modified areas of the metasomal terga and sterna of some males, spermathecal ducts, processes of the hypopharyngeal lobe, allometric structure of males and cephalic modifications of females of several isolated species. A key to the nine genera of Australian Hylaeinae here recognized is provided. All species of the seven genera revised are described, most are figured and keys for their separation are provided. Thirteen new species are described: Heterapoides digitata, H. exleyae, H. leviceps, H. nigriconcava, Hyleoides abnormis, H. planifrons, Amphylaeus ( Agogenohylaeus ) flavicans, Meroglossa ferrugina, M. gemmata, M. modesta, M. plumifera, M. rugosa and M. setifera. The following are new synonyms: Prosopis pulchripes Cockerell, 1914, and Heterapis hackeriella Cockerell, 1929 = Heterapoides halictiformis (Perkins, 1912); Hylaeus arnoldi Rayment, 1939, and H. longmani Cockerell, 1929 = Amphylaeus obscuripes (Friese, 1924); P. sculptifrons Cockerell, 1921 = A. morosus (Smith, 1879); P. sydneyensis Friese, 1924 = A. nubilosellus (Cockerell, 1910); Meroglossa decipiens Perkins, 1912, and M. eucalypti var. hilli Cockerell, 1929 = M. sculptissima Cockerell, 1910, which is possibly comprised of hybrids of M. eucalypti Cockerel1 and M. striaticeps (Friese). New combinations are: Gephyrohylaeus sculptus (Cockerell, 1911) (ex Heterapis ) and Amphylaeus ( Agogenohylaeus ) obscuripes (Friese, 1924) (ex Prosopis ). The males of Gephyrohylaeus sculptus, Heterapoides delicata, H. extensa, Amphylaeus nubilosellus, Meroglossa torrida, M. soror, Hyleoides bivulnerata, H. srriatula and H. zonalis , and the female of M. canaliculata , are described for the first time. A neotype is selected for Heterapoides bacillaria (Cockerell).
"Stat." single dose of acyclovir for prevention of herpes simplex. (1996)

A single "stat." 800-mg dose of acyclovir taken at the first sensory signs for either oral or genital herpes simplex regularly prevented lesions from appearing in twenty-six of thirty-two persons known to have recurrent attacks. This dosage schedule is a cost-effective alternative to the long-term daily prophylactic dosing currently recommended.
How to train your dragon (2013)

Ainsworth talks about dragon training, which became widespread more recently. Zoos have every reason to want their Komodo dragons well trained. They are the world's largest living lizards, growing up to 3 meters long and weighing in at up to 90 kilograms. They can out-sprint a human and bring down prey much larger than themselves, including pigs, deer and even water buffalo. The dragon's fearsome reputation has only been enhanced by the debate over its infamous bite.
Drug Effects Viewed from a Signal Transduction Network Perspective (2009)

Understanding how drugs affect cellular network structures and how resulting signals are translated into drug effects holds the key to the discovery of medicines. Herein we examine this cause-effect relationship by determining protein network structures associated with the generation of specific in vivo drug-effect patterns. Medicines having similar in vivo pharmacology have been identified by a comparison of drug-effect profiles of 1320 medicines. Protein network positions reached by these medicines were ascertained by examining the coinvestigation frequency of these medicines and 1179 protein network constituents in millions of scientific investigations. Interestingly, medicine associations obtained by comparing by drug-effect profiles mirror those obtained by comparing drug-protein coinvestigation frequency profiles, demonstrating that these drug-protein reachability profiles are relevant to in vivo pharmacology. By using protein associations obtained in these investigations and independent, curated protein interaction information, drug-mediated protein network topology models can be constructed. These protein network topology models reveal that drugs having similar pharmacology profiles reach similar discrete positions in cellular protein network systems and provide a network view of medicine cause-effect relationships.
Demographic Data Sources on the Internet (1999)

Abstract Demographic data is extremely valuable for a variety of business applications, including market research, strategic planning, identifying target markets, advertising, and for use with geographic information systems. Because timely data is very important, the Internet is increasingly being used as a tool for gathering and disseminating demographic data to end-users. This paper outlines many Web sites containing demographic data. Included are sites for governmental bodies, universities, and research institutions; international sites; commercial vendors; and Web versions of journals. Many of these sites also contain links to other useful demographic information resources.
Adaptive Multimedia Packet Transmission for Broadband IEEE 802.11 Wireless Lans (2006)

The IEEE 802.11 suite of WLAN standards are evolving to support an increase in emerging broadband multimedia applications, with their popularity attributed to simple, scalable and cost effective wireless broadband communication infrastructure. However, the most widely deployed generation of 802.11x based MAC protocols provide limited support for multimedia traffic, as no guarantee is provided on the quality of service (QoS) that a particular type of traffic will receive. Furthermore, the legacy 802.11 MAC exhibits high protocol overhead due to control frames, channel access, and the probability of contention. This article presents an overview of MAC layer enhancements designed to provide QoS support and higher throughputs in next generation WLANs, including IEEE 802.11e and 802.11n standards. Comprehensive simulation results are provided using an OPNET simulation model