gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Validation of Custom-Designed Silicon-Based Microelectrode Arrays for Long-Term Neural Recording and Stimulation (2011)

We developed and validated silicon-based neural probes for neural stimulating and recording in long-term implantation in the brain. The probes combine the deep reactive ion etching process and mechanical shaping of their tip region, yielding a mechanically sturdy shank with a sharpened tip to reduce insertion force into the brain and spinal cord, particularly, with multiple shanks in the same array. The arrays' insertion forces have been quantified in vitro. Five consecutive chronically-implanted devices were fully functional from 3 to 18 months. The microelectrode sites were electroplated with iridium oxide, and the charge injection capacity measurements were performed both in vitro and after implantation in the adult feline brain. The functionality of the chronic array was validated by stimulating in the cochlear nucleus and recording the evoked neuronal activity in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus. The arrays' recording quality has also been quantified in vivo with neuronal spike activity recorded up to 566 days after implantation. Histopathology evaluation of neurons and astrocytes using immunohistochemical stains indicated minimal alterations of tissue architecture after chronic implantation.
Parameters optimization of supercritical fluid‐<scp>CO</scp>2 extracts of frankincense using response surface methodology and its pharmacodynamics effects (2012)

The volatile oil parts of frankincense (Boswellia carterii Birdw.) were extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide under constant pressure (15, 20, or 25 MPa) and fixed temperature (40, 50, or 60°C), given time (60, 90, or 120 min) aiming at the acquisition of enriched fractions containing octyl acetate, compounds of pharmaceutical interest. A mathematical model was created by Box-Behnken design, a popular template for response surface methodology, for the extraction process. The response value was characterized by synthetical score, which comprised yields accounting for 20% and content of octyl acetate for 80%. The content of octyl acetate was determined by GC. The supercritical fluid extraction showed higher selectivity than conventional steam distillation. Supercritical fluid-CO(2) for extracting frankincense under optimum condition was of great validity, which was also successfully verified by the pharmacological experiments.
Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Promotes Renal Interstitial Fibrosis (2009)

Wnts compose a family of signaling proteins that play an essential role in kidney development, but their expression in adult kidney is thought to be silenced. Here, we analyzed the expression and regulation of Wnts and their receptors and antagonists in normal and fibrotic kidneys after obstructive injury. In the normal mouse kidney, the vast majority of 19 different Wnts and 10 frizzled receptor genes was expressed at various levels. After unilateral ureteral obstruction, all members of the Wnt family except Wnt5b, Wnt8b, and Wnt9b were upregulated in the fibrotic kidney with distinct dynamics. In addition, the expression of most Fzd receptors and Wnt antagonists was also induced. Obstructive injury led to a dramatic accumulation of beta-catenin in the cytoplasm and nuclei of renal tubular epithelial cells, indicating activation of the canonical pathway of Wnt signaling. Numerous Wnt/beta-catenin target genes (c-Myc, Twist, lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1, and fibronectin) were induced, and their expression was closely correlated with renal beta-catenin abundance. Delivery of the Wnt antagonist Dickkopf-1 gene significantly reduced renal beta-catenin accumulation and inhibited the expression of Wnt/beta-catenin target genes. Furthermore, gene therapy with Dickkopf-1 inhibited myofibroblast activation; suppressed expression of fibroblast-specific protein 1, type I collagen, and fibronectin; and reduced total collagen content in the model of obstructive nephropathy. In summary, these results establish a role for Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis and identify this pathway as a potential therapeutic target.
Analysis of SIP-Based Threats Using a VoIP Honeynet System (2012)

Current security issues like service misuse and fraud are well-known problems of SIP-based networks. To design and evolve effective countermeasures, it is important to know how these attacks are launched in reality. For gathering the required data, a specialized SIP Honeynet System has been implemented and operated since December 2009 which has recorded over 47.5 million SIP messages in total. Over time, based on our Honeypot experiences, we developed essential improvements such as global monitoring of whole subnets, clustering of SIP messages or bidirectional SIP message correlation. In this paper, we first describe these system extensions and demonstrate their benefits. Then we provide an analysis of gathered data which goes beyond pure statistical packet analysis. We identify, analyze and correlate the distinct phases of typical multistage attacks and also provide an example of a full attack sequence resulting in attempts to make Toll Fraud calls via a hijacked SIP account.
Track-Following Control With Active Vibration Damping of a PZT-Actuated Suspension Dual-Stage Servo System (2005)

In this paper we discuss the controller design of a PZT-actuated suspension dual-stage servo system in hard disk drives. The proposed control structure includes an active vibration damping control loop and a track-following control loop. The vibration damping control loop, which runs at a faster rate than the track-following control loop, utilizes a PZT element on a PZT-actuated suspension as a vibration sensor to damp the resonance modes of the voice coil motor (VCM) and the PZT actuator. The vibration damping controller is designed using Kalman filter based state feedback control techniques. A simple dual-stage track-following controller is designed, based on the damped actuator model, using the sensitivity function decoupling design method. Simulation and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the benefits of this control scheme in expanding servo control bandwidth and suppressing airflow excited structural vibrations.
Enhancement of Liver Regeneration by Adenosine Triphosphate-Sensitive K+ Channel Opener (Diazoxide) After Partial Hepatectomy (2012)

We demonstrated the existence of a mitoKATP channel in hepatocytes composed of Kir6.1 and SUR1. Diazoxide could enhance liver regeneration by keeping a higher ATP content of the liver tissue. These results suggest that diazoxide will sustain the mitochondrial energetics through the mitoKATP channel opening.
Effective pain relief with intrapleural analgesia. (1999)

The use of an intrapleural catheter for pain relief following cholecystectomy, renal surgery or unilateral breast surgery was first described in 1984 by Kvalheim and Reiestad. Despite seemingly positive reviews (Tartiere et al, 1991), the use of this technique for managing acute pain is still not commonplace even though it has been described as a superior method of analgesia (Gibson, 1994). This article describes the successful use of intrapleural analgesia under two different circumstances: first, postoperatively following open cholecystectomy and, second, following an accident in which the patient sustained several unilateral rib fractures.
Effect of Lipid Lowering With Rosuvastatin on Progression of Aortic Stenosis (2010)

ISRCTN 32424163.
Respiratory Infections After Lung Cancer Resection (2006)

In Brief The progress that has been made in patient selection, minimally invasive surgery, anesthesia (both in surgery and in the control of postoperative pain), and antibiotic treatments have substantially improved the morbility and mortality associated with the surgical treatment of bronchogenic carcinoma in recent years. Nevertheless, the rate of major complications after lung cancer resection is 2% to 22%, and the mortality rate is 2% to 7%. The most frequent complications after lung cancer resection are of respiratory origin. The most serious ones are pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, and they are also the main causes of death in this period. They also share similar clinical and evolutionary features that can make it difficult to distinguish between them. The incidence of pneumonia after a lung cancer resection is 2% to 20%, and the mortality in patients that develop pneumonia is significantly higher than in other patients. It is also the cause of death in 22% to 67% of cases after lung resection. Therefore, patients with lung cancer treated with lung resection comprise a population with a high risk of experiencing pneumonia with a serious prognosis. Apart from being one of the main factors that determine short-term survival, postoperative pneumonia prolongs the hospital stay and involves a significant consumption of resources (antibiotics, stay in intensive care unit). For all these reasons, there is growing interest in identifying the factors associated with the risk, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of respiratory infections after lung cancer resection. Respiratory infections currently constitute the group of most frequent complications after lung cancer resection and the primary cause of death in these patients. In recent years, this has given rise to a growing interest in their prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. This article focuses on a review of the factors that predict risk and the role of antibiotic prophylaxis specifically aimed at the prevention of postoperative pneumonia.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study of Simvastatin in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (2008)

Background and Purpose— Studies suggest statins ameliorate aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-induced cerebral vasospasm and ischemic complications. We tested safety and feasibility of simvastatin 80 mg/d for vasospasm prevention in SAH patients. Methods— Thirty-nine statin-naïve Fisher grade 3 SAH subjects were double-blind randomized to receive simvastatin 80 mg/d (n=19) or placebo (n=20), stratified by Hunt and Hess grade. Primary end points were death and drug morbidity. Results— Mortality was 3/20 in the placebo and 0/19 in the simvastatin group. Study drug was withdrawn in 1 subject in each treatment group for reversible liver enzyme or creatine phosphokinase elevation. Angiographically-confirmed vasospasm occurred in 8/20 placebo and 5/19 simvastatin-treated subjects. Vasospasm-related ischemic infarcts developed in 5/20 placebo and 2/19 simvastatin-treated subjects. Conclusion— Simvastatin for the prevention of delayed cerebral ischemia is safe and feasible after SAH. A larger study is needed to test its efficacy.
Deconstructing Lottery Tickets: Zeros, Signs, and the Supermask (2019)

The recent "Lottery Ticket Hypothesis" paper by Frankle & Carbin showed that a simple approach to creating sparse networks (keeping the large weights) results in models that are trainable from scratch, but only when starting from the same initial weights. The performance of these networks often exceeds the performance of the non-sparse base model, but for reasons that were not well understood. In this paper we study the three critical components of the Lottery Ticket (LT) algorithm, showing that each may be varied significantly without impacting the overall results. Ablating these factors leads to new insights for why LT networks perform as well as they do. We show why setting weights to zero is important, how signs are all you need to make the reinitialized network train, and why masking behaves like training. Finally, we discover the existence of Supermasks, masks that can be applied to an untrained, randomly initialized network to produce a model with performance far better than chance (86% on MNIST, 41% on CIFAR-10).
Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase and of the beta subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor two by a common protein kinase. (1981)

A protein kinase from rabbit reticulocytes, able to phosphorylate the beta subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF-2), has been demonstrated to phosphorylate also glycogen synthase. A glycogen synthase kinase (PC0.7) from rabbit skeletal muscle has been shown to phosphorylate the beta subunit of eIF-2. Comparison of highly purified preparations of the two protein kinases has indicated several similarities of properties. 1) Both enzymes were associated with two major polypeptide species, alpha (Mr = 43,000) and beta (Mr = 25,000), and exhibited apparent native molecular weights of 176,000-180,000 by gel filtration and 130,000-140,000 by sucrose density gradient sedimentation. 2) Both enzymes phosphorylated glycogen synthase, eIF-2 beta, phosvitin, and casein and were effective in utilizing GTP and ATP as phosphoryl donors. 3) Both enzymes displayed the same chromatographic behavior on phosvitin-Sepharose, phosphocellulose, and DEAE-cellulose. 4) Both enzymes underwent an autophosphorylation of the beta polypeptide when incubated with ATP and Mg2+. On the basis of these and other properties, we propose that the two protein kinases, if not identical, are very similar enzymes.
MR Diffusion Imaging of the Human Brain (1990)

Magnetic resonance diffusion imaging reflects the water mobility at each point in a tomographic image. We have studied brain water diffusion in 18 normal volunteers to identify the different factors that can influence diffusion measurements in vivo. Our results show that both the measurement accuracy and the measured diffusion coefficient strongly depend on the experimental parameters, in particular, echo and diffusion time, cardiac gating, and diffusion encoding gradient direction.
Diagnostic accuracy of quantitative PCR (Xpert MTB/RIF) for tuberculous pericarditis compared to adenosine deaminase and unstimulated interferon-γ in a high burden setting: a prospective study (2014)

uIFNγ offers superior accuracy for the diagnosis of microbiologically confirmed TBP compared to the ADA assay and the Xpert MTB/RIF test.
Crystallization behavior of elastomeric block copolymers: Thermoplastic polyurethane and polyether‐<i>block</i>‐amide (2008)

Abstract The isothermal crystallization kinetics of melt‐blown webs produced from a series of elastomeric block copolymers was studied through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Three hardness grades were selected for a polyester and a polyether Elastollan® thermoplastic polyurethane and Pebax® polyether‐ block ‐amide copolymers. The Avrami crystallization kinetics parameters, k and n , were derived from two different methods: (1) traditional Avrami model and (2) derivative of the Avrami model proposed by Kurajica et al. (Croat Chem Acta 2002, 75, 693). The kinetic parameters from both models were consistent and showed good correlation. For all polymer types and hardness grades, crystallization kinetics were interpreted with the derivative model (Kurijica et al.) since it could be directly fitted to untransformed DSC isothermal crystallization data, and thus reduces the errors involved in Avrami analysis. The values of the Avrami exponent, n ranged between 2.59 and 3.41, indicating similar nucleation and growth mechanisms. These n values and morphological observations indicate that crystallization occurs in these copolymers in three dimensions from pre‐existing nuclei and the crystals grow under isothermal conditions. This suggests that, in these elastomeric copolymers, crystallization of the hard segments drives microphase separation into crystalline and amorphous regions rather than formation of hard and soft domains. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
The Investigation of Structure-Activity Relationships of Tacrine Analogues: Electronic-Topological Method (2008)

In this study we investigated the structure-activity relationships by using the Electron- Topological Method (ETM) for a class of AChE inhibitors related to tacrine (9-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine) and 11 H -Indeno-[1,2-b]-quinolin-10-ylamine that tetracyclic tacrine analogues, a drug currently in use for the treatment of the AD. Molecular fragments being specific for active and inactive compounds were revealed by using ETM. The result of testing showed the high ability of ETM in predicting the activity and inactivity in investigated series.
The Non-Flagellar Type III Secretion System Evolved from the Bacterial Flagellum and Diversified into Host-Cell Adapted Systems (2012)

Type 3 secretion systems (T3SSs) are essential components of two complex bacterial machineries: the flagellum, which drives cell motility, and the non-flagellar T3SS (NF-T3SS), which delivers effectors into eukaryotic cells. Yet the origin, specialization, and diversification of these machineries remained unclear. We developed computational tools to identify homologous components of the two systems and to discriminate between them. Our analysis of >1,000 genomes identified 921 T3SSs, including 222 NF-T3SSs. Phylogenomic and comparative analyses of these systems argue that the NF-T3SS arose from an exaptation of the flagellum, i.e. the recruitment of part of the flagellum structure for the evolution of the new protein delivery function. This reconstructed chronology of the exaptation process proceeded in at least two steps. An intermediate ancestral form of NF-T3SS, whose descendants still exist in Myxococcales, lacked elements that are essential for motility and included a subset of NF-T3SS features. We argue that this ancestral version was involved in protein translocation. A second major step in the evolution of NF-T3SSs occurred via recruitment of secretins to the NF-T3SS, an event that occurred at least three times from different systems. In rhizobiales, a partial homologous gene replacement of the secretin resulted in two genes of complementary function. Acquisition of a secretin was followed by the rapid adaptation of the resulting NF-T3SSs to multiple, distinct eukaryotic cell envelopes where they became key in parasitic and mutualistic associations between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Our work elucidates major steps of the evolutionary scenario leading to extant NF-T3SSs. It demonstrates how molecular evolution can convert one complex molecular machine into a second, equally complex machine by successive deletions, innovations, and recruitment from other molecular systems.
Determination of nitrogen oxides and nitric acid vapor by infrared spectrometry (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of nitrogen oxides and nitric acid vapor by infrared spectrometryJan B. Lefers and Pieter J. Van den BergCite this: Anal. Chem. 1980, 52, 9, 1424–1426Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50059a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50059a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views193Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multi-context rules for phonological processing in polyglot TTS synthesis (2004)

Polyglot text-to-speech synthesis, i.e. the synthesis of sentences containing one or more inclusions from other languages, primarily depends on an accurate morphosyntactic analyzer for such mixed-lingual texts. From the output of this analyzer, the pronunciation can be derived by means of phonological transformations which are language-specific and depend on various contexts. In this paper a new rule formalism for such phonological transformations is presented, which complies also with the requirements of the mixed-lingual situation.
Randomized phase III trial evaluating the role of erythropoietin in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced anemia. (1997)

PURPOSE Although erythropoietin (EPO) is known to be useful in treating chemotherapy-induced anemia, few data are available on its potential preventive role. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of EPO in preventing the development of clinically significant anemia in patients treated with chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty-two early-stage breast cancer patients undergoing accelerated adjuvant chemotherapy were randomized to receive EPO 150 U/kg three times a week or no additional treatment. Chemotherapy consisted of six cycles of cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2, epirubicin 60 mg/m2, and fluorouracil 600 mg/m2 (CEF) intravenously on day 1, every 2 weeks with the support of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), 5 microg/kg subcutaneously from day 4 to day 11. RESULTS Throughout the six cycles of chemotherapy, EPO-treated patients maintained stable values of hemoglobin, whereas control patients developed a progressive anemia. At the end of chemotherapy, the mean (+/- SD) hemoglobin decrease in the control group was 3.05 g/dL (+/- 1.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6 to 3.5), whereas in the EPO group it was 0.8 (+/- 1.4; 95% CI, 0.3 to 1.4). Clinically significant anemia (hemoglobin < or = 10 g/dL) occurred in 16 patients (52%; 95% CI, 33 to 69) in the control arm and in no patient (0%; 95% CI, 0 to 14) in the EPO arm (P = .00001). CONCLUSION EPO prevents anemia in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Further trials are required to identify subsets of patients in which the preventive use of this drug could be cost-effective.
Skin color enhancement based on favorite skin color in HSV color space (2010)

Skin color enhancement based on favorite skin color is proposed to make skin color displayed on large screen flat panel TVs agree with human favorite skin color. A robust skin detection method in different intensity is obtained after analyzing the distribution of skin color in HSV color space. The favorite skin color region is found via a psychological experiment too. Then the skin color detected is enhanced with different degrees according to the distance between it and the favorite skin color. The experimental result displayed on 60-inch plasma display panel (PDP) shows that the skin colors detected are approached to the favorite skin color region with different degrees. The skin colors enhanced are more natural and agree with the comprehension of human vision and psychology perceived in advance.
Identity Anonymization and Secure Data Storage using Group Signature in Private Cloud (2012)

Cloud computing is the best solution for providing a flexible, on-demand, and dynamically scalable computing infrastructure for many applications. In case of private cloud environment access is limited to a group of users or an organization. Even though there are many aspects in cloud environment. The data security, confidentiality and privacy plays a major role in cloud deployment model. In private cloud the identity anonymization and secured data storage becomes essential to address. In this paper a method for identity anonymization and secure data storage in private cloud using GDS (Group Digital Signature) is proposed and implemented.