gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transformation-optical Fan-beam Synthesis (2016)

Gradient-index dielectric lenses are generated based on the coordinate transformation by compressing the homogeneous air spaces quasi-conformally towards and outwards the primary source. The three-dimensional modeling is then performed through revolving the prescribed transformational media 180 degrees around the focal point to reach the architecture of barrel-vaults. It is found that all these two- and three-dimensional transformation-optical designs are capable of producing fan-beams efficiently over a broad frequency range with their main lobes possessing the narrow beamwidth in one dimension and the wide beamwidth in the other, while having the great ability of the wide angular scanning. Finally, we propose to construct such four types of fan-beam lenses through multiple-layered dielectrics with non-uniformed perforations and experimentally demonstrate their excellent performances in the fan-beam synthesis.
Research of the Influence of Rectangular Prism Pien Error on Angle Measurement for Photoelectric Autocollimator (2014)

Photoelectric autocollimator is a kind of small angle measuring instrument of high accuracy. For the increasing demand of the measurement accuracy, each link to affect the precision of photoelectric autocollimator needs to be analyzed and derived. In view of the analysis of the lack for the right angle prism pien errors which effect on the measurement precision, this paper adopts the method of vector analysis and coordinate transformation, to solve the relationship between the image type photoelectric autocollimator reticules imaging and prism space angle. On this basis, analyze the influence of the right angle prism error on the measurement. To verify the correctness of test derivation, using a type of photoelectric autocollimator and right angle prisms for experiments, the test results coincide with the conclusion of theoretical derivation.
Geometrically-structured maximum-girth LDPC block and convolutional codes (2009)

Four classes of maximum-girth geometrically structured column-weight-two regular quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are introduced. Two classes of these codes, referred to as Type-I and Type-II codes, are with row-weights 4 and 3, and maximum girths 16 and 24, respectively. The idea behind the construction of these two classes of codes, with rates at least 1/2 and 1/3, is slightly generalized to obtain two classes of variable-high-rate codes, referred to as Type-III1 and Type-III2 codes, with maximum girth 20 and 16, respectively. A low-complexity deterministic algorithm for constructing these four classes of codes is given. The algorithm generates maximum-girth Type-I and Type-II codes with almost arbitrary length eta not less than 216 and 243, respectively. The output of the algorithm substantially improves on some of the previously best known codes constructed using a randomized progressive edge-growth (RPEG) algorithm. For instance, we have rate-0.71 Type-III1 codes of lengths 308 and 728 with girths 10 and 12, respectively, versus the code lengths 385 and 840 obtained by the RPEG algorithm. Simulation results on AWGN channel confirm that, from BER performance perspective, the constructed LDPC codes are superior to the column-weight-two LDPC codes constructed by the previously reported methods. The generator matrix G(D) of the convolutional codes associated with Type-I and Type-II codes is given. The free distance d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">free</sub> of such a convolutional code is equal to the minimum distance of the corresponding QC block code.
Forces on cylinders and plates in an oscillating fluid (1958)

The inertia and drag coeffi cien ts o f cylinders and plates in simple sinusoidal c urrents are investigated. The midsection of a rectangu lar basin wi t h standing wa ves s urg ing ill it is selected as t he locale of curren ts. The cyl inde rs and plates are fi xed hori zontally a nd below t h e water surface. The average values of t he inertia and d rag coefficients over a wave cycle sh ow variations wh e n the intensity of t he current and t he s ize of th e cylinders or plates a re ch anged. These variation s, h owever, can be correlated wi t h t h e p eriod parameter Um TI D, where U m is th e maximum intensity of t he sinusoidal c urrent, T is the p eriod of t he wave a nd D is t he di am eter of t he cylinder or t he width of the plate. For t he cylinders UmTI D eq ua ling 15 is a c ri tical rond ition y ielding t he lowest va lu e of t he inertia coefficient a nd th e largest valu e of t he drag coe ffic ie11t. For t he plates t he higher values of t he drag coefficie nt are assoc iated with t he small er va. lu es of Um TI D a nd t he higher valu es of t he mass coe ffici e nt wi t h t he larger valu es of Um TI D . The variatio n of th e coefficients with t he phase of t h e wa ve is examin ed a nd the bearing of t hi s o n t he formul a for the fo rces is disc ussed. The flow patterns aro und t he cylinde rs a nd plates a re examined photographically, a nd a s uggestion is advan ced as to t he physical m eaning of the parameter Um TI D.
Ultrafast Thermal Modification of Strong Coupling in an Organic Microcavity (2020)

There is growing interest in using strongly coupled organic microcavities to tune molecular dynamics, including the electronic and vibrational properties of molecules. However, very little attention has been paid to the utility of cavity polaritons as sensors for out-of-equilibrium phenomena, including thermal excitations. Here, we demonstrate that non-resonant infrared excitation of an organic microcavity system induces a transient response in the visible spectral range near the cavity polariton resonances. We show how these optical response can be understood in terms of ultrafast heating of electrons in the metal cavity mirror, which modifies the effective refractive index and subsequently the strong coupling conditions. The temporal dynamics of the microcavity are strictly determined by carriers in the metal, including the cooling of electrons via electron-phonon coupling and excitation of propagating coherent acoustic modes in the lattice. We rule out multiphoton excitation processes and verify that no real polariton population exists despite their strong transient features. These results suggest the promise of cavity polaritons as sensitive probes of non-equilibrium phenomena.
Retinoic acid receptor β2 and neurite outgrowth in the adult mouse spinal cord in vitro (2002)

Retinoic acid, acting through the nuclear retinoic acid receptor beta2 (RARbeta2), stimulates neurite outgrowth from peripheral nervous system tissue that has the capacity to regenerate neurites, namely, embryonic and adult dorsal root ganglia. Similarly, in central nervous system tissue that can regenerate, namely, embryonic mouse spinal cord, retinoic acid also stimulates neurite outgrowth and RARbeta2 is upregulated. By contrast, in the adult mouse spinal cord, which cannot regenerate, no such upregulation of RARbeta2 by retinoic acid is observed and no neurites are extended in vitro. To test our hypothesis that the upregulation of RARbeta2 is crucial to neurite regeneration, we have transduced adult mouse or rat spinal cord in vitro with a minimal equine infectious anaemia virus vector expressing RARbeta2. After transduction, prolific neurite outgrowth occurs. Outgrowth does not occur when the cord is transduced with a different isoform of RARbeta nor does it occur following treatment with nerve growth factor. These data demonstrate that RARbeta2 is involved in neurite outgrowth, at least in vitro, and that this gene may in the future be of some therapeutic use.
Can Playing the Computer Game “Tetris” Reduce the Build-Up of Flashbacks for Trauma? A Proposal from Cognitive Science (2009)

Playing "Tetris" after viewing traumatic material reduces unwanted, involuntary memory flashbacks to that traumatic film, leaving deliberate memory recall of the event intact. Pathological aspects of human memory in the aftermath of trauma may be malleable using non-invasive, cognitive interventions. This has implications for a novel avenue of preventative treatment development, much-needed as a crisis intervention for the aftermath of traumatic events.
Biological Properties of Citrus Flavonoids Pertaining to Cancer and Inflammation (2001)

Citrus flavonoids encompass a diverse set of structures, including numerous flavanone and flavone O- and C-glycosides and methoxylated flavones. Each of these groups of compounds exhibits a number of in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory and anticancer actions. These biological properties are consistent with their effects on the microvascular endothelial tissue. Evidence suggests that the biological actions of the citrus flavonoids are possibly linked to their interactions with key regulatory enzymes involved in cell activation and receptor binding. The citrus flavonoids show little effect on normal, healthy cells, and thus typically exhibit remarkably low toxicity in animals. The citrus flavonoids extend their influence in vivo through their induction of hepatic phase I and II enzymes, and through the biological actions of their metabolites. Evidence clearly indicates to the potential health promoting properties of these dietary compounds.
A Cutaneous Agranular CD2<sup>–</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup>CD56<sup>+</sup>“Lymphoma”: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature (1998)

We report 2 cases of agranular CD2- CD4+ CD56+ non-Hodgkin lymphoma in which skin seemed to be the primary site. A 21-year-old woman's initial symptom was a skin nodule on the right cheek. She also had tumors in the nasopharynx, and the bone marrow subsequently became involved. No lymphadenopathy was present. She experienced complete remission after dose-intensified therapy with cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunomycin, vincristine [Oncovin], and prednisone (CHOP), but the disease relapsed in the central nervous system 6 months later. An 81-year-old man experienced an 11-month history of skin nodules in the left forearm. On admission, he had a bone marrow infiltration of lymphoma cells. He died of pneumonia during chemotherapy. The malignant cells of the 2 patients had similar morphologic features, with a monocytoid nucleus and no cytoplasmic granules. The cells in both cases showed a unique phenotype: CD2-, CD3-, CD4+, CD8-, CD13-, CD14-, CD34-, CD16-, CD56+, CD57-, HLA-DR-positive. Staining for peroxidase and alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase was negative. The T-cell receptor beta, gamma, delta, IgH, kappa, lambda genes were of germ line configurations. The DNA of Epstein-Barr virus was not detected from the bone marrow cells by polymerase chain reaction. Only 3 other cases with similar phenotypes have been reported; all had skin lesions. Although the origin of these cells remains unknown, we propose that this is a distinct clinicopathologic entity.
Über die gemeinsame Einwirkung von elementarem Schwefel und gasförmigem Ammoniak auf Ketone V. Die Gemeinsame Einwirkung Von Schwefel Und Ammoniak Auf Methyläthylketon (1957)

Abstract Die gemeinsame Einwirkung von S und NH 3 auf Methyläthylketon liefert mit guten Ausbeuten das bisher unbekannte 2.4.5‐Trimethyl‐2‐äthyl‐thiazolin‐Δ 3 (I). Die Verbindung läßt sich im sauren Medium leicht in Methyläthylketon, Ammoniak und 2‐Mercaptobutanon‐(3) aufspalten. Als Folgereaktion bildet sich, in Abhängigkeit von der Säurekonzentration, durch Wasserabspaltung aus dem 2‐Mercaptobutanon‐(3) das 2.3.5.6‐Tetramethyl‐2.5‐endoxy‐1.4‐dithian. Die Vorstellungen über den Reaktionsmechanismus sind dieselben wie sie bei der Umsetzung des Diäthylketons 3) geäußert wurden. — Entgegen der Erwartung kommt es beim Methyläthylketon zur Bildung nur eines Thiazolins, obwohl mit zwei Struktur‐Isomeren zu rechnen war. Das nicht auffindbare Isomere konnte auf anderem Wege synthetisiert werden.
THE REDUCING ACTION OF SODIUM METHYLATE (1927)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE REDUCING ACTION OF SODIUM METHYLATEH. Shipley Fry and Jessie Louise CameronCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1927, 49, 3, 864–873Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1927Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1927https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01402a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01402a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views159Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Human Synovial Mast Cell Involvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis. Relationship to Disease Type, Clinical Activity, and Antirheumatic Therapy (1991)

Mast cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion of synovium obtained from 48 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 42 patients with osteoarthritis (OA). A significantly lower percentage of stainable synovial mast cells was obtained by tissue digestion from patients with clinically active RA compared with those with less active disease. The 54 patients treated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs had a significantly lower percentage of stainable synovial mast cells in cell suspension than did the other 36 patients. When anti-IgE antibody was used as a secretagogue in vitro, significantly greater histamine release was observed from synovial mast cells of RA patients compared with OA patients. Greater histamine release in response to anti-IgE was observed in the RA patients with more clinically active disease and those who were treated with prednisone, compared with RA patients without these features. Synovial mast cells of RA patients treated with a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug had a significantly lower mean histamine content than did cells from patients not receiving such treatment. Our data suggest that there are differences between synovial mast cells from tissues of patients with RA and OA and suggest that synovial mast cells may be activated in clinically active RA. In addition, the data indicate an effect of systemic antirheumatic therapy on mast cells isolated from synovium of patients with arthritis.
Boron—An Overlooked Element of Potential Nutritional Importance (1988)

Evidence is presented which shows that boron has a role in major mineral metabolism and thus may be important in osteoporosis.
Comparative performance of voice/data local area networks (1989)

Using simulation, a network-independent framework compares the performance of contention-based Ethernet and two contention-free round-robin schemes, namely Expressnet and the IEEE 802.4 token bus. Two priority mechanisms for voice/data traffic on round-robin networks are studied: the alternating-rounds mechanism of the Expressnet, and the token rotation timer mechanism of the token bus, which restricts access rights based on the time taken for a token to make one round. It is shown that the deterministic schemes almost always perform better than the contention-based scheme. Design issues such as the choice of minimum voice packet length, priority parameters, and voice encoding rate are investigated. An important aspect that is noted is the accurate characterization of performance over a wide region of the design space of voice/data networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Properties and heterogeneity of human fetal <i>pre</i> -B cells transformed by EBV. (1989)

A series of 75 EBV-transformed pre-B and B-cell lines from fetal bone marrow at 14 to 18 wk of gestation was cloned for phenotypic, functional and molecular genetic studies. B-cell type volume regulation in response to hypotonic stress, low level CD9 (BA2), and, perhaps biased by our use of EBV, functional EBV receptors with expression of CD21 (B2) determinants characterized the most immature cells detected. These "B-progenitors" contained EBV genomes, maintained Ig H and L chain (as well as TCR) constant region genes in germ-line configuration and did not express other B, T, or myeloid lineage-associated surface markers including CD20 and MHC class II determinants. Such cells may represent B progenitor cells preceding classical pre-B-lymphocytes in pathways of B cell differentiation. Reminiscent of Abelson virus-induced transformation of immature murine B cells, EBV transformability together with the above properties may be the earliest markers of B lineage commitment in man. The expression of MHC class II Ag, CD20, C mu-H and then L chain rearrangements and expression followed in less immature pre-B lymphocytes and permitted a classification of lines into discrete subgroups of increasing maturity. The physical organization of the H chain locus in a given line was a stable characteristic. However, fetal pre-B cell lines showed considerable intraclonal heterogeneity with respect to H chain gene expression and that of differentiation markers such as CD20. Subcloning experiments indicated that this heterogeneity reflected clonally stable expression patterns distributed among subclones in an all-or-none fashion. The induction, by IL-6, of L chain expression in some but not all of these clones was linked to the presence of C mu transcription products, consistent with a possible regulatory role of mu protein in L chain rearrangement and expression. Although pre-B cell differentiation likely follows inherent programming, external signals seem able to hasten development along prescribed, hierarchical differentiation pathways.
Formation of Ambiguity Functions with Frequency-Separated Golay Coded Pulses (2009)

Returns from radar transmitters are filtered to concentrate target power and improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) prior to detection. An ideal "thumbtack" filter response in delay and Doppler is impossible to achieve. In practice target power is distributed over the delay-Doppler plane either in a broad mainlobe or in sidelobes with inherent limitations given by Moyal's identity. Many authors have considered the use of pairs or sets of complementary codes as the basis of radar waveforms. The set of filter outputs when combined reduces output to a thumbtack shape, at least on part of the delay-Doppler domain. This paper shows firstly that a pair of complementary codes cannot be multiplexed in frequency because of a phase difference which depends on the unknown range to any targets, thereby preventing the individual filter outputs from being combined coherently. It is shown that the phase term can be removed by multiplexing the second code twice, at offsets equally spaced above and below carrier, enabling the recovery of the sum of squared ambiguity functions. A proposed modification to the Golay pair results in codes whose squared ambiguities cancel upon addition. This enables complementary behaviour to be achieved by codes which are separated in frequency at the expense of introducing cross-terms when multiple closely separated returns are present. The modified Golay codes are shown to successfully reveal low power returns which are hidden in sidelobes when other waveforms are used.
Joule heating and thermoelectric properties in short single-walled carbon nanotubes: Electron-phonon interaction effect (2011)

The electron-phonon interaction (EPI) effect in single-walled carbon nanotube is investigated by the nonequilibrium Green’s function approach within the Born approximation. Special attention is paid to the EPI induced Joule heating phenomenon and the thermoelectric properties in both metallic armchair (10, 10) tube and semiconductor zigzag (10, 0) tube. For Joule heat in the metallic (10, 10) tube, the theoretical results for the breakdown bias voltage is quite comparable with the experimental value. It is found that the Joule heat can be greatly enhanced by increasing the chemical potential, while the role of the temperature is not so important for Joule heat. In the zigzag (10, 0) tube, the Joule heat is smaller than the armchair tube, resulting from nonzero bandgap in the electron band structure. For the electronic conductance Ge and electron thermal conductance σel, the EPI has important effect at higher temperature or higher chemical potential. Compared with ballistic transport, there is an opposite tendency for Ge to decrease with increasing temperature after EPI is considered. This is due to the dominant effect of the electron phonon scattering mechanism in the electron transport in this situation. There is an interesting “electron-drag” phenomenon for the phonon thermal conductance in case of low temperature and high chemical potential, where phonons are dragged by electrons from low temperature region into high temperature region through EPI effect.
Effectiveness and Acceptability of Three Bowel Cleansing Regimens (1991)

The effectiveness and acceptability of three colon cleansing regimens for colonoscopy were compared in a prospective study in 271 patients stratified as in- and out-patients and randomly assigned to either I) a diet and Senna laxative (X-prep), combined with a saline enema (n = 88); II) 41 of a polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solution (Golytely) (n = 90); or III) a combined regimen of Cascara-Salax laxative (PicoSalax) and 1.51 Golytely (n = 93). Patients and colonoscopists indicated independently their overall impression of palatability and convenience and the completeness of the preparation, respectively, on 0- to 10-cm visual analogue scales. No differences were found between the regimens, either for the patients' impression of palatability or for the convenience of the preparation. A significantly cleaner colon was obtained with regimen II in outpatients than with regimen I (p = 0.02), whereas no differences were found either between regimens I and III or between regimens II and III. With regimen I, II, and III, 14%, 8%, and 12% of the patients, respectively, had scores indicating inadequate preparation. Outpatients (n = 175) had significantly cleaner colon than inpatients (n = 96) (p less than 0.001). In conclusion, no clinically important differences were found between the three bowel preparation regimens. An oral irrigation regimen is acceptable to the patients and may be preferable because it provides more flexibility to the endoscopic laboratory.
Oxidative Coupling Polymerization of Substituted Phenols with a Copper Amine Catalyst Immobilized within Mesoporous Silica (2006)

Abstract SBA‐15‐supported CuCl catalyst was prepared for the regio‐controlled oxidative polymerization of phenol derivatives. The solid‐supported catalyst was fully characterized by X‐ray, elemental analysis, TEM observation, and nitrogen absorption‐desorption experiment, and CuCl was found to be uniformly immobilized in the mesopores. This catalyst was employed for the oxidative polymerization of 2,5‐dimethylphenol and o ‐cresol, resulting in excellent regio‐selectivity during the polymerization.
Delay-independent stable set-point tracking in a LTI Networked Control System with two uncertain delays; design and experiments (2014)

On a Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) Networked Control System (NCS) with two uncertain delays, set-point controllers are designed to guarantee delay-independent stability. The design is based on our previous work using algebraic tools in a non-conservative framework for LTI systems with “multiple” delays. The controllers are implemented on experiments, which yield satisfactory results in comparison to simulations.