gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photodetector size considerations in the design of a noninvasive reflectance pulse oximeter for telemedicine applications (2003)

Low power management without compromising signal quality is a key requirement in the optimal design of a wearable pulse oximeter. This paper investigates the advantage gained by using a photodetector with a larger active area. Preliminary in vivo experiments have demonstrated that by increasing the area of the photodetector it is possible to reduce the overall power requirement of a wireless sensor intended for telemedicine applications.
In Vivo Studies of the Biosynthesis of α--Eleostearic Acid in the Seed of Momordica charantia L (1997)

In vivo radiotracer experiments using 14C-labeled acetate, oleate, linoleate, and linolenate were conducted to investigate the biosynthesis of [alpha]-eleostearic acid in the seeds of Momordica charantia. With the exception of [14C]linolenate, all of these precursors radioactively labeled [alpha]-eleostearate. Kinetics of the time course of metabolism of the radioactive precursors indicate that linoleate is the acyl precursor of [alpha]-eleostearate and that its conversion to [alpha]-eleostearate occurs while the acyl moiety is esterified to PC. Pulse-chase experiments with 14C-labeled acetate or linoleate provided additional corroborative evidence that linoleoyl PC is the precursor of [alpha]-eleostearoyl PC.
Alum Publishes Cookbook for Beginners (1945)

"How to Cook," by the homemaking editor of Capper's Farmer, is reviewed by Jean Larson
Synthesis and characterization of potential interferon inducers. Poly(2'-azido-2'-deoxyuridylic acid) (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and characterization of potential interferon inducers. Poly(2'-azido-2'-deoxyuridylic acid)Paul F. Torrence, Albert M. Bobst, James A. Waters, and Bernhard WitkopCite this: Biochemistry 1973, 12, 20, 3962–3972Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00744a028https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00744a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views38Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efficient Exact Algorithms on Planar Graphs: Exploiting Sphere Cut Decompositions (2006)

A divide-and-conquer strategy based on variations of the Lipton-Tarjan planar separator\ntheorem has been one of the most common approaches for solving planar graph problems for\nmore than 20 years. We present a new framework for designing fast subexponential exact and parameterized algorithms on planar graphs. Our approach is based on geometric properties of planar branch decompositions obtained by Seymour & Thomas, combined with refined techniques of dynamic programming on planar graphs based on properties of non-crossing partitions. Compared to divide-and-conquer algorithms, the main advantages of our method are a) it is a generic method which allows to attack broad classes of problems; b) the obtained algorithms provide a better worst case analysis. To exemplify our approach we show how to obtain an O(26.903√n) time algorithm solving weighted HAMILTONIAN CYCLE. We observe how our technique can be used to solve PLANAR GRAPH TSP in time O(29.8594√n). Our approach can be used to design parameterized algorithms as well. For example we introduce the first 2O(√ k)nO(1) time algorithm for parameterized Planar k-cycle by showing that for a given k we can decide if a planar graph on n vertices has a cycle of length at least k in time O(213.6√kn + n3).
Concentration of Plasmodium falciparum-Infected Erythrocytes by Density Gradient Centrifugation in Percoll (1982)

Kenton J. Kramer, Siu Chow Kan, Wasim A. Siddiqui, Concentration of Plasmodium falciparum-Infected Erythrocytes by Density Gradient Centrifugation in Percoll, The Journal of Parasitology, Vol. 68, No. 2 (Apr., 1982), pp. 336-337
Transposing conductors in signal buses to reduce nearest-neighbor crosstalk (1995)

A conductor layout technique is described that reduces nearest-neighbor crosstalk for multiconductor signal buses with applications in high-speed digital and microwave pulse integrated circuits. Periodic transposition of conductors in a bus increases the average spacing of formerly nearest neighbors and thus decreases their capacitive and inductive coupling compared with ordinary parallel conductors. A conductor transposition pattern is evaluated for crosstalk, propagation delay, and chip area. SPICE simulations demonstrate that conductor transposition reduces, in certain situations, near- and far-end nearest-neighbor crosstalk by roughly 40% compared with parallel conductors. Quantitative guidelines are developed for reducing nearest-neighbor crosstalk in a transposed five-conductor bus, including effects of signal rise time, source resistance, load capacitance, and bus length.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Measurement and Modeling of the TDR Signal Propagation through Layered Dielectric Media (2003)

Layered dielectric materials are often encountered in the natural environment due to differences in water content caused either by a wetting or drying front. This is especially true for coarse‐grained materials such as sandy soils, sediments, and some rocks that have very distinctive layers of water content. This paper examines the issue of how the permittivity along a time domain reflectometry (TDR) probe is averaged as a function of layer thickness and probe orientation. Measurements of apparent permittivity using TDR are presented for two‐, three‐, and multi‐layer materials. Time domain reflectometry waveforms are modeled for multiple layers of varying thickness and show a change in the averaging of the apparent permittivity from refractive index to arithmetic when more thin layers are present. Analysis of the modeled results shows that the averaging regime is frequency‐dependent. However, broadband techniques applied to materials with a few layers will generally produce refractive averaging. A transition to arithmetic averaging is found for systems having many (>4 layers). Narrow‐band methods may be very sensitive to layering and may perform in a highly non‐refractive way when layering with a strong permittivity contrast is present.
3D migration velocity analysis using genetic algorithm (1997)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 19973D migration velocity analysis using genetic algorithmAuthors: Julie PerrotSatish C. SinghSoaxig Le BégatRobert HardyJulie PerrotBIRPS, University of Cambridge, U.K., Satish C. SinghBIRPS, University of Cambridge, U.K., Soaxig Le BégatBIRPS, University of Cambridge, U.K., and Robert HardyAmerada Hesshttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1885788 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1885788FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1997ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1997 Pages: 2067 publication data© 1997 Copyright © 1997 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Julie Perrot, Satish C. Singh, Soaxig Le Bégat, and Robert Hardy, (1997), "3D migration velocity analysis using genetic algorithm," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1812-1814. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1885788 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Acoustic zoom high-resolution seismic beamforming for imaging specular and non-specular energy of deep oil and gas bearing geological formations (2014)

An unconventional oil and gas exploration technology for 3D/4D seismic imaging called Acoustic Zoom (AZ) is described which offers high resolution and direct focusing of specular and non-specular backscatter energy returns in land and marine environments. A dense configurable source-receiver array (with beam steering via phased array methods) is employed, with vertical stacking to suppress incoherent noise and adaptive classification filters to detect and image the diffuse character of formations. By design, the rich content of the non-specular backscatter energy is accentuated by directly probing underlying geophysical properties of the earth (through appropriate choice of scattering Green function and corresponding true amplitude weights). Each beamformed image is formed by the totality of the energy backscattered in the direction and range of the corresponding beam. The methods described add value to existing 3D seismic surveys by reconstructing the complementary components of recorded energy that 3D seismic rejects as incoherent noise. The application of the method in a proof-of-concept pilot study of the Eagle Ford formation is introduced. This paper introduces in detail the Acoustic Zoom seismic beamforming method as applied to the imaging of diffuse non-spectral returns corresponding to subtle features in the earth's subsurface. Imaging of non-specular seismic returns requires significant attenuation (>30 dB) of coherent background interference (e.g. ground roll, specular reverberation) achieved by combining the narrow beam-width of the receiver array with adaptive classification and filtering of specular energy using singular value decomposition (SVD) and eigenstructure methods. This approach replaces conventional filters that could introduce imaging artifacts greater than the non-specular signals being sought. Acoustic P-wave imaging of the earth's subsurface using the Acoustic Zoom's fixed position sensor array and beam steering results in higher lateral and vertical resolutions than conventional 3D seismic surveys. The energy returns along the symmetry axis of the underlying geology at zero offset over the Eagle Ford formation analyzed are true backscatter returns that have interesting interpretative value in their own right. When these specular returns are analyzed as "non-specular" backscatter, only the returns along a "virtual well bore" for the zero-offset ray are imaged. Theoretical issues arising from the beamforming method are discussed and observations regarding the resulting Acoustic Zoom data acquired and processed are presented.
Current-induced degradation of high performance deep ultraviolet light emitting diodes (2010)

Lifetime measurements on single-chip, packaged 285 nm light-emitting diodes (LEDs) performed under constant current injection at 20 and 75 mA, were compared to the performance of unbiased LEDs baked at the equivalent operating junction temperatures. The thermally stressed devices showed a lesser degradation than those electrically stressed, indicating that elevated temperature alone does not cause degradation. Despite a decay to less than half of the initial power under current injection, time-resolved photoluminescence of the active region exhibits little change, while capacitance-voltage measurements imply that the reduced efficiency and power decay originate from the generation of point defects near the p-side of the p-n junction.
Studies on the mechanism of the enhancement of delayed-type hypersensitivity by pertussigen. (1984)

The potentiation of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions by pertussigen, a protein toxin from Bordetella pertussis, has been studied in adoptive transfer assays. Lymph node or spleen cells from mice treated with or without pertussigen at the time of immunization with protein antigens were transferred to naive, syngeneic recipients that were challenged with antigen. Cells from donors treated with pertussigen had the capacity to transfer vigorous, antigen-specific DTH reactions. Cells from immunized donors not given pertussigen transferred little or no DTH. These results indicate that pertussigen is able to augment DTH reactions by potentiating the antigen reactivity of cell populations in lymphoid organs. The phenotype of the effector cells induced by pertussigen was Thy-1 positive, L3T4 positive, and Ly-2 negative. Cells from mice given pertussigen and an irrelevant antigen had no influence on specific DTH responses, suggesting that pertussigen enhances the activity of the antigen-specific cell type mediating DTH. The effect of pertussigen and of immunization on the lymphocyte subpopulations present in the lymph nodes was studied by analysis of suspensions of lymph node cells by flow cytometry. In immunized and in nonimmune mice, pertussigen increased the ratio of Ly-2-negative:Ly-2-positive T cells, and reduced the overall proportion of B cells. In immunized mice, pertussigen induced a much higher proportion of large dividing cells from 5 days after sensitization onwards. The relevance of these changes in lymphocyte behavior to the development of enhanced and prolonged DTH in mice given pertussigen is discussed.
Diode-laser-pumped operation of an Er <sup>3+</sup> -doped single-mode fibre laser (1987)

We report the first operation of an Er<sup>3+</sup>-doped single-mode fibre laser operating around 1.6µm pumped by a CW GaAlAs diode laser. An output power of 130µW was obtained with a lasing threshold of 3mW.
Spectroscopic Probing of Adsorption of Uranyl to Uranyl-Imprinted Silica Sol−Gel Glass via Steady-State and Time-Resolved Fluorescence Measurement (1997)

Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopic methods have been demonstrated to be very informative tools to analyze the microstructure variation induced by the imprinting technique. The structural information obtained provides the rationale for the enhanced uranyl-adsorption capacity and selectivity by the uranyl-imprinted sol−gel glasses.
Laser surface-hardening of dies for cutting, blanking or trimming of uncoated DP600 (2004)

In this study, the methods used to harden trim dies were at the focus. Laser surface-hardening was compared to induction- and through-hardening for small and medium-size series production. The shee ...
MMSE Soft-Interference-Cancellation Aided Iterative Center-Shifting K-Best Sphere Detection for MIMO Channels (2008)

Based on an Extrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) chart-assisted receiver design, a low-complexity near-Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) detector is constructed for high-throughput systems. A high throughput is achieved by invoking high-order modulation schemes or multiple transmit antennas, while employing a novel sphere detector (SD) termed as a center-shifting SD scheme. The center-shifting SD is assisted by the MMSE soft- interference-cancellation (SIC-MMSE) algorithm. The resultant scheme is capable of attaining a considerable complexity reduction over the conventional SD-aided iterative benchmark receiver. For example, the SIC-MMSE center-shifting scheme may enable the iterative receiver to achieve a near-MAP performance in the challenging scenario of an (8 x 4)-element rank-deficient 4-QAM SDM/OFDM system. This near-MAP performance is achieved, despite imposing a reduced detection-candidate-list-generation- related complexity, which is about an order of magnitude lower than that exhibited by the list-SD dispensing with the proposed center-shifting scheme. As a further benefit, the computational complexity associated with the extrinsic LLR calculation was reduced by a factor of about 64. The associated memory requirements were also reduced by a factor of 64.
Hand Gestures Recognition Using Radar Sensors for Human-Computer-Interaction: A Review (2021)

Human–Computer Interfaces (HCI) deals with the study of interface between humans and computers. The use of radar and other RF sensors to develop HCI based on Hand Gesture Recognition (HGR) has gained increasing attention over the past decade. Today, devices have built-in radars for recognizing and categorizing hand movements. In this article, we present the first ever review related to HGR using radar sensors. We review the available techniques for multi-domain hand gestures data representation for different signal processing and deep-learning-based HGR algorithms. We classify the radars used for HGR as pulsed and continuous-wave radars, and both the hardware and the algorithmic details of each category is presented in detail. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of ongoing trends related to radar-based HCI, and available radar hardware and algorithms is also presented. At the end, developed devices and applications based on gesture-recognition through radar are discussed. Limitations, future aspects and research directions related to this field are also discussed.
Three-dimensional mapping of mineral densities in carious dentin: theory and method. (1994)

X-ray tomographic microscopy (XTM), a three-dimensional X-ray imaging technique, has been used to quantitatively map mineral concentrations in carious dentin. Data analysis from the XTM study indicates that variations in the mineral concentration surrounding the caries can be imaged in three dimensions with a spatial resolution that is sufficient to detect calcified and enlarged tubule spaces in the lesion. A three-dimensional image of the subsurface lesion indicates that lesion penetration is along the direction of the tubules. The mineral concentration in the uninfected dentin was measured by the XTM to be 1.29 +/- 0.14 g/cm3 based upon the tabulated X-ray attenuation coefficients for apatite. This value is in excellent agreement with averaged estimates for the mineral concentration in dentin (1.4 g/cm3). Furthermore, the mineral concentration determined using XTM varies from 2.25 g/cm3 in the remineralized dentin to as low as 0.55 +/- 0.17 g/cm3 in the demineralized tissue. The high concentration of mineral in the remineralized region suggests that organic matter is lost and mineral is deposited at some time during the caries process.
Sensitive and Selective Plasmonic Assay for Spermine as Biomarker in Human Urine (2014)

A simple, fast, and highly selective and sensitive colorimetric assay to detect nanomolar levels of spermine in human urine (healthy donors, cancer patients) is reported. This assay is based on the absence of a competitive organic capping on the gold nanoparticles together with the high affinity of the amine groups of the analyte for the nanoparticle surface.
Propaganda by the Deed (2009)

First used in the 1870s to describe rural insurrections organized by Italian anarchists, in the 1880s and 1890s the term “propaganda by the deed” became linked to individual acts of assassination and terrorism. Though originally meant to precipitate revolution, these acts of revolt instead soon came to be understood as a means of publicizing their ideals and “awakening” the masses. Numerous historians link the rise of propaganda by the deed to the disintegration of anarchist organizations, increasing isolation from working‐class movements, state persecution, and the growth of parliamentary socialism in this period. It was also closely related to the simultaneous emergence of anarchocommunism, alongside which it was endorsed by prominent anarchists like Errico Malatesta and Peter Kropotkin, and both doctrines were officially adopted at the International Anarchist Conference in London in 1881.
Four major sequence elements of simian virus 40 large T antigen coordinate its specific and nonspecific DNA binding (1990)

By mutational analysis, we have identified a motif critical to the proper recognition and binding of simian virus 40 large tumor antigen (T antigen) to virus DNA sequences at the origin of DNA replication. This motif is tripartite and consists of two elements (termed A1 and B2) that are necessary for sequence-specific binding of the origin and a central element (B1) which is required for nonspecific DNA-binding activity. Certain amino acids in elements A1 (residues 152 to 155) and B2 (203 to 207) may make direct contact with the GAGGC pentanucleotide sequences in binding sites I and II on the DNA. Alternatively, these two elements could determine the proper structure of the DNA-binding domain, although for a number of reasons we favor the first possibility. In contrast, element B1 (183 to 187) is most likely important for recognizing a general structural feature of DNA. Elements A1 and B2 are nearly identical in all known papovavirus T antigens, whereas B1 is identical only in the closely related papovaviruses simian virus 40, BK virus, and JC virus. In addition to these three elements, a fourth (B3; residues 215 to 219) is necessary for the binding of T antigen to site II but not to site I. We propose that additional contact sites on T antigen are involved in the interaction with site II to initiate the replication of the viral DNA.
New Triblock Copolymer Templates, PEO‐PB‐PEO, for the Synthesis of Titania Films with Controlled Mesopore Size, Wall Thickness, and Bimodal Porosity (2011)

The synthesis and properties of a series of new structure-directing triblock copolymers with PEO-PB-PEO structure (PEO = poly(ethylene oxide) and PB = polybutadiene) and their application as superior pore-templates for the preparation of mesoporous titania coatings are reported. Starting from either TiCl4 or from preformed TiO2 nanocrystalline building blocks, mesoporous crystalline titanium oxide films with a significant degree of mesoscopic ordered pores are derived, and the pore size can be controlled by the molecular mass of the template polymer. Moreover, the triblock copolymers form stable micelles already at very low concentration, i.e., prior to solvent evaporation during the evaporation-induced self-assembly process (EISA). Consequently, the thickness of pore walls can be controlled independently of pore size by changing the polymer-to-precursor ratio. Thus, unprecedented control of wall thickness in the structure of mesoporous oxide coatings is achieved. In addition, the micelle formation of the new template polymers is sufficiently distinct from that of typical commercial PPO-PEO-PPO polymers (Pluronics; PPO = poly(propylene oxide)), so that a combination of both polymers facilitates bimodal porosity via dual micelle templating.
Establishment of the Embryo‐derived Stem (ES) Cell Lines from Mouse Blastocysts: Effects of the Feeder Cell Layer. (1987)

The ES ceii lines are embryo-derived stem cell lines directly isolated from the inner cell mass of mouse blastocysts using feeder cell layer. We have established a number of ES cell lines from 129 or C57BL/6 strain mice by using the feeder layer of the STO cells (from ATCC) or the primary embryonic fibroblasts, which was obtained by trypsinizing the 16-day-old BALB/c mouse fetus. The ES cell lines established on the STO feeder layer showed differentiation into various tissues in solid tumors when injected into syngenic mice. Karyotype was, however, nearly tetraploid. The ES cell lines established on the primary fibroblasts exhibited differentiation into larger variety of tissues in solid tumors. Karyotype was almost diploid and majority of the cells kept normal set of chromosomes in G-banding. We conclude that the primary fibroblasts are better feeder layer than the STO cells for establishment and maintenance of the ES cell lines.