gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single crystal MgB2 with anisotropic superconducting properties (2001)

The discovery of superconductor in magnesium diboride MgB2 with high Tc (39 K) has raised some challenging issues; whether this new superconductor resembles a high temperature cuprate superconductor(HTS) or a low temperature metallic superconductor; which superconducting mechanism, a phonon- mediated BCS or a hole superconducting mechanism or other new exotic mechanism may account for this superconductivity; and how about its future for applications. In order to clarify the above questions, experiments using the single crystal sample are urgently required. Here we have first succeeded in obtaining the single crystal of this new MgB2 superconductivity, and performed its electrical resistance and magnetization measurements. Their experiments show that the electronic and magnetic properties depend on the crystallographic direction. Our results indicate that the single crystal MgB2 superconductor shows anisotropic superconducting properties and thus can provide scientific basis for the research of its superconducting mechanism and its applications.
The Use of Periosteally Vascularized Autografts to Augment the Fixation of Large Segmental Allografts (1991)

Large segmental bone grafts are a standard of reconstructing long bone defects. Nonunion or delayed union at the host-graft junction is a major complication of these procedures. In six patients, a nonunion was treated by locally available bone, vascularized by its periosteum as an onlay autograft to improve fixation and speed incorporation of the allograft into the host bone. At three months, all were pain free and using their allografts without limitation. By four months, all had roentgenographic evidence of allograft and autograft incorporation. During the follow-up period from two to four years, all have incorporated the allografts and are pain free.
MEMS-actuated photonic crystal switches (2005)

A compact guided-wave optical switch is realized by integrating one-dimensional photonic crystals with microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) actuators. The ON-OFF switching is achieved by physically moving a photonic crystal defect. Experimental results show an extinction ratio of 11 dB at 1.56-μm wavelength and a 0.5-ms time constant of the step response.
Time series modeling using markov and arima models (2012)

Streamflow forecasting plays important roles for flood mitigation and water resources allocation and management. Inaccurate forecasting will cause losses to water resources managers and users. The suitability of forecasting method depends on type and number of available data. Thus, the objective of this study are to propose the streamflow forecasting methods using Markov and ARIMA models and to inspect the accuracy of Markov and ARIMA models in forecasting ability. Streamflow data of Sungai Bernam, Selangor was used. Minitab and Microsoft Excel were used to model ARIMA and Markov respectively. Criteria performance evaluation procedure that being used in this study were Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Chi-square test of Normality to inspect the forecasting accuracy of the different models. The tentative model that best fits the criteria and meets the requirement for ARIMA model is ARIMA (1,1,1)(0,1,1)12. From the criteria performance evaluation procedure, ARIMA model has better performance of model for forecasting than Markov model in this study. Therefore, ARIMA model has the ability to accurately predict the future monthly streamflow for Sungai Bernam.
Computer Simulation of Arcuate Keratotomy for Astigmatism (1992)

Our finite element computer model gives reasonably accurate information about the relative effects of different surgical variables, and demonstrates the feasibility of using nonlinear, anisotropic assumptions in the construction of such a computer model. Comparison of these computer-generated results to clinically achieved results may help refine the computer model.
Simulation of time-resolved optical computer tomography imaging (1993)

A new method of data processing is presented for a time-resolved optical computer tomography (CT) imaging of a strongly scattering and weakly absorbing medium, similar to a living body. A fundamental experiment and a numerical calculation of time-resolved spectroscopy are conducted to validate the proposed temporally extrapolated absorbance concept. A numerical simulation shows a possibility of a new method of time-resolved optical CT imaging. A reference cylinder is filled with a uniformly scattering medium, and an object cylinder has a weakly absorbing portion in addition to the uniform scattering in the reference cylinder. The extrapolated values of the difference in the absorbance to the shortest time of flight reduce to the line integrals of the difference in the absorption coefficient along the incident beam lines. By this process, the information of the weak absorption is extracted from the signals subject to the strong scattering, and the extrapolated values provide a set of projection data for a conventional filtered back projection of the CT reconstruction algorithm. The reconstructed image reproduces the difference in the absorption coefficient between the object and the reference with a reasonable accuracy and spatial resolution. This type of image describing the absorption change is useful to noninvasive diagnostics of the oxygen metabolism inside bodies.
Evaluation of blood flow by laser speckle image sensing Part 1 (1987)

A new method is proposed to visualize the microcirculation map using a dynamic laser speckle effect. A skin surface is illuminated by He-Ne laser line spot and its image speckle is detected by a CCD array sensor. The erence between a pair of output data for successive scannings of the image speckles at the sensor plane was calculated and integrated for each pixel. The results were displayed in color graphics showing the spatial variation of the flow level in the area of interest.
An alternatively spliced human insulin-like growth factor-I transcript with hepatic tissue expression that diverts away from the mitogenic IBE1 peptide (1995)

An alternatively spliced transcript of the human insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) gene is described. The transcript was identified in human liver RNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, cloning, and sequencing. It contained IGF-I exons 3 and 4, 49 basepairs of exon 5, then exon 6 (exon 4-5-6). The 5'-donor site at the exon 5-6 junction was a cryptic 5'-donor splice site (IGF633). The 3'-acceptor site of the splice was the usual intron-exon 6 junction. A second pair of primers across the exon 5-exon 6 junction was used to confirm the presence of the transcript by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Cloning and sequencing this second fragment confirmed the presence of this splice in human liver. The exon 4-5-6 transcript was quantified at about 10% relative to the exon 4-6 transcript in human livers (n = 7 subjects), but was not detected in other tissues. The exon 4-5-6 transcript was found in cultured human hepatoma HepG2 cells and increased, relative to exon 4-6 transcripts, in response to GH, but not in cultured human lymphoblast IM-9 cells. The exon 4-5-6 splice predicts a prepro-IGF-I of 158 amino acid residues, with an E-peptide sequence of 24 residues (Ec). The deduced Ec peptide sequence is 73% homologous to the rat Eb-peptide sequence. The predicted final residues of the Ec peptide are frameshifted exon 6 codons ending in an in-frame stop codon. The predicted peptide sequences of Ec and Eb differ at the cleavage site of the Eb-peptide fragment (IBE1), which has been shown to have mitogenic activity. These data suggest that 1) the exon 4-5-6 splice has hepatic tissue expression and occurs by the use of a cryptic 5'-donor consensus splice site (IGF633) in exon 5; 2) exon 4-5-6 can be hormonally regulated in cultured human HepG2 cells; 3) exon 4-5-6 is the human counterpart of the rat IGF-IEb, because the complementary DNA and predicted sequences are homologous; and 4) the production of IBE1 is potentially regulated by alternative splicing.
Expression polymorphism of the blood???brain barrier component P-glycoprotein (MDR1) in relation to Parkinson's disease (2002)

Because drug transporters such as P-glycoprotein, the product of the multidrug resistance (MDR1 ) gene, contribute to the function of the blood-brain barrier, we hypothesized that differences in their expression could affect the uptake of neurotoxic xenobiotics, thereby modulating interindividual susceptibility for neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease. In a pilot case-control study comprising 95 Parkinson's disease patients (25 early-onset patients with onset age < or = 45 years) and 106 controls we analysed the three common polymorphisms, 3435C >T in exon 26, 2677G > T,A in exon 21, and -129T > C in exon 1b. There were no statistically significant associations between any of these polymorphisms and Parkinson's disease. However, a distribution pattern consistent with our hypothesis was observed in that the frequency of the 3435T/T genotype, which had previously been associated with decreased P-glycoprotein expression and function, was highest in the early-onset Parkinson's disease group (36.0%), second-highest in the late-onset Parkinson's disease group (22.9%), and lowest in the control group (18.9%). Furthermore, we confirmed that the MDR1 exon 21 and exon 26 polymorphisms are in significant linkage disequilibrium since the [2677G, 3435C] and [2677T, 3435T] haplotypes were far more frequently observed than expected. In conclusion, MDR1 and other drug transporters represent plausible candidates as Parkinson's disease risk genes. Larger studies are required to confirm this role in the etiology of Parkinson's disease.
O curso de graduação da Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos da UNICAMP : uma analise a partir da Educação em Ciencia, Tecnologia e Sociedade (2007)

A necessidade de repensar o processo de formacao nas engenharias tem sido ressaltada por autores que centram sua critica na concentracao dos curriculos em aspectos tecnicos em detrimento dos aspectos sociais e politicos. O que levaria engenheiros e engenheiras a atuar de forma limitada e, principalmente, alienada diante da complexidade das relacoes entre ciencia, tecnologia e sociedade. Partindo desse entendimento, a pesquisa que originou este trabalho analisou o curriculo do curso de graduacao da Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos da UNICAMP (FEA) a luz do campo da Educacao em Ciencia, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS). Na primeira etapa, as disciplinas foram classificadas segundo uma taxonomia elaborada a partir de tres criterios: enfase nos aspectos tecnicos, aplicabilidade do conteudo e flexibilidade da disciplina. O que sugere a existencia de quatro tipos de disciplina que foram denominados: basica, aplicada, multiplos aspectos e fechada. A seguir, observou-se o modo como esses tipos de disciplina se distribuem ao longo do curso. Essa primeira etapa apontou que o curriculo possui as seguintes caracteristicas: tecnicista, fechado, com clara separacao entre teoria e pratica e com foco na industria. A segunda etapa da pesquisa consistiu numa interpretacao desse resultado a luz das criticas que a Educacao CTS faz a educacao tecnocientifica convencional. Foram utilizadas as contribuicoes de Gordillo e Galbarte (2002), que apresentam sete ?visoes distorcidas? presentes na educacao convencional; de Gordillo, Osorio e Lopez Cerezo (2000), que apresentam cinco ?dicotomias? nela presentes; e Dagnino (2006), que organiza sua critica em quatro possiveis visoes da tecnociencia. As duas primeiras criticas permitem evidenciar que o curriculo da FEA apresenta ?visoes distorcidas? e ?dicotomias?. A terceira mostra que ele esta fortemente influenciado pela ?concepcao instrumentalista da tecnociencia?. A conclusao indica que as criticas feitas pela Educacao CTS sao pertinentes ao curso da FEA: que ele traz implicita uma visao neutra de tecnociencia e que, por ter como foco a industria, nao e plural. O contraste do resultado alcancado com a ideia de onde se partiu, de que a ausencia de uma formacao humanistica nao prepara o engenheiro para a critica do sistema socioeconomico e politico em que esta inserido, levou a outra conclusao: nao parece que a introducao de humanidades no curriculo seja capaz de torna-lo mais plural. Isto e, de proporcionar ao engenheiro a capacidade de conceber formas tecnologicas que atendam a outros atores que nao os que formam a ?industria? (leia-se a empresa privada). Alavancar uma sociedade alternativa, baseada em outros valores, interesses e atores, exige do engenheiro(a) uma reflexao sobre o carater da tecnociencia e de sua relacao de coorganizacao com as forcas que estruturam a sociedade 
Abstract
Absolute distance measurement (1996)

Multiple-wavelength interferometry offers a great flexibility in working distance and sensitivity by an appropriate choice of the different wavelengths and it can be operated on rough surfaces. A novel concept of a multiple-wavelength source, using laser diodes, has been developed. It allows to get an absolute calibration of the synthetic wavelengths by electronic beat-frequency measurements. Experimental results show that a calibration of the synthetic wavelength in the millimeter range with an accuracy better than 10<sup>-5</sup> is feasible. A three-wavelength heterodyne interferometer is described and results with 9 μm accuracy on a range of 200 mm are presented. Moreover, a lock-in CCD image sensor has been developed and implemented in our system for applications with non-cooperative targets.
Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate by Degenerative Transfer with Alkyl Iodides (2003)

Controlled/living radical polymerization of vinyl acetate was achieved by a degenerative transfer process using alkyl iodides as transfer agents. Poly(vinyl acetate) with predetermined molecular weight and relatively low polydispersity was successfully synthesized. Methyl 2-iodopropionate and ethyl iodoacetate were employed as transfer agents, whereas 2,2‘-azobis(isobutyronitrile) and α-cumyl peroxyneodecanoate were used as initiators. Methyl 2-iodopropionate and ethyl iodoacetate are both efficient transfer agents, yielding polymers with good agreement between theoretical and observed molecular weights up to Mn = 20 000 and low polydispersities (Mw/Mn < 1.5). In contrast, ethyl iodide was inefficient as a transfer agent, although it retarded polymerization. The influence of temperature and the concentrations of transfer agent and initiator were studied. The structure of poly(vinyl acetate) end groups was investigated using 1H NMR. The iodo-terminated chain ends were unstable and decomposed to aldehyde moieties and subsequently to colored, conjugated structures. The progressive conversion of secondary to primary alkyl iodides chain end groups was observed, which is indicative of head-to-head addition.
PFSC: A research on public file scan and certificate in grid (2009)

Security is one of the most important issues in grid computing. Therefore it is an inevitable function in most kinds of grid middleware to ensure the security of resource access. Efforts of this literature focus on file security in grid system. An architecture for file scan and monitoring is proposed on top of OGSA-based grid middleware as well as NFS, for the purpose of preventing the spread of virus via the file transfer and sharing over grid.
Optimal Bang-Bang Control With Quadratic Performance Index (1964)

The following optimal regulator problem is considered: Find the scalar control function u = u(t) which minimizes the performance index J[u]= 12∫0T〈x(t),Qx(t)〉dt, subject to the conditions x˙=Ax+u(t)f,|u(t)|≦1x(0)=x0(x0isunrestricted)x(T)=0(Tisfree)Q, A are constant n × n-matrices; f is a constant n-vector. It is shown that optimal control includes both a bang-bang mode and a linear mode, the latter arising from the “singular” solutions of the Pontriagin canonical equations. Conditions are given under which nth-order systems are equivalent, for control purposes, to systems of first or second order. One example of a second-order system is worked in detail and some results of an analog computer study are presented.
Serologic Assay Based on Gliadin-Related Nonapeptides as a Highly Sensitive and Specific Diagnostic Aid in Celiac Disease (2004)

The peptide antibody assay has higher diagnostic accuracy than AGAs for distinguishing patients with CD from controls, and has diagnostic accuracy similar to that of AtTGAs.
EVIDENCE THAT PORTAL TRACT MICROVASCULAR DESTRUCTION PRECEDES BILE DUCT LOSS IN HUMAN LIVER ALLOGRAFT REJECTION (1993)

In liver allograft rejection, interlobular bile ducts are thought to be the main target of rejection. In contrast, in other organ allografts the capillary bed of the graft appears to be the primary target. To determine whether portal tract microvasculature is destroyed in liver allografts during rejection, we have identified portal tract microvasculature in 11 normal livers and 38 liver allograft biopsy specimens using monoclonal antibodies to capillary endothelium in immunohistochemical staining. E1.5, CD31 and EL-4 antibodies identified portal microvascular endothelium in normal liver that had the morphology of capillaries. In allograft biopsies the number of microvascular structures per portal tract was reduced markedly in acute cellular rejection to 1.1 +/- 0.6 (n = 25) and to 0.65 +/- 0.9 (n = 15) in chronic ductopenic rejection compared with nonrejecting allografts (2.8 +/- 0.6) (n = 4) or normal liver (3.8 +/- 0.7) (n = 11). To determine whether loss of microvascular structures preceded bile duct destruction in rejection, sections were double-stained to identify both microvasculature and bile ducts. The number of microvascular structures per bile duct was significantly lower in acute cellular rejection (0.5 +/- 0.4) (n = 18) or chronic rejection (0.3 +/- 0.4) (n = 8) compared with normal liver (2.3 +/- 0.6) (n = 7) (P < 0.0001), demonstrating that components of the portal vasculature are destroyed prior to bile ducts. There was a correlation between the severity of rejection and the loss of microvascular structures per bile duct (P < 0.001). In conclusion, in common with other allografted organs, the microvasculature of liver allografts appears to be an early target of rejection.
Analysis on energy demand and CO2 emissions in China following the Energy Production and Consumption Revolution Strategy and China Dream target (2018)

A quantitative model was applied to analyze the energy demand and CO 2 emissions in China following the Energy Production and Consumption Revolution Strategy (2016–2030) and long-term economic and social development target China Dream. Results showed that 1) toward the 2050 China Dream target, total final energy consumption is expected to peak at 3.9 Gtce in 2030 and remain stable until 2050, whereas total primary energy consumption is expected to reach an upper platform by 2040 and around 5.8 Gtce by 2050; 2) the proportion of non-fossil fuels is expected to reach approximately 50% and that of natural gas to reach more than 16% by 2050; 3) CO 2 emissions from energy use are expected to peak at 9.6 Gt by no later than 2030 and then gradually decline to 6.7 Gt by 2050.
Defect reduction in silicon nanoparticles by low-temperature vacuum annealing (2010)

Using electron paramagnetic resonance, we find that vacuum annealing at 200 °C leads to a significant reduction in the silicon dangling bond (Si-db) defect density in silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs). The best improvement of the Si-db density by a factor of 10 is obtained when the vacuum annealing is combined with an etching step in hydrofluoric acid (HF), whereas HF etching alone only removes the Si-dbs at the Si/SiO2 interface. The reduction in the Si-db defect density is confirmed by photothermal deflection spectroscopy and photoconductivity measurements on thin Si-NPs films.
Gender Diversity Management at Workplace: Time for a Paradigm Shift in Organisational Programs and Practices an Empirical Study on it Organizations in Navi Mumbai (2018)

Gender balance (or gender diversity) is by far the most high-profile of all inclusion and diversity topics in the corporate world. Diversity inclusion and managing diversity are becoming strategic issues for the multinational companies throughout the world. technology sector is the second biggest employer of women in India, behind the pharmaceutical and care sector, according to a new report launched at the NASSCOM Diversity & Inclusion Summit 2017, held in Bangalore. India's IT-BPM (business process management) industry currently employs nearly 3.9 million people, of which over 34 percent are women (1.3 million). ' Women and IT Scorecard - India report', generated by NASSCOM in partnership with Open University in the UK, states that over 51 percent of entry level recruits in the IT sector are women. Over 25 percent of women hold managerial positions and 1 percent are senior executives. In 2017, the number of firms that have more than 20 percent women at senior level will increase to nearly 60 percent, and nearly 51 percent of firms will have more than 20 percent of women at senior executive level, the report authors estimate. Tina Vinod, a diversity and inclusivity, said that while some firms are progressive and invest heavily in increasing the pipeline of women leaders within their organizations by adopting exclusive policies and comeback programs for women who have taken a break, others fall short. Unfortunately, the systemic patriarchy and unconscious bias in our culture continues to seep into the workforce, she added, The leaking pipeline of potential women leaders is a huge concern. Women continue to be viewed as primary care-givers and homemakers and this is a problem that our society as a whole needs to address.. This paper examines influence of different obstacles while managing the gender diversity at workplace and impact of diversity management programs and practices in different IT companies.
Low-complexity global motion estimation from P-frame motion vectors for MPEG-7 applications (2000)

We present an algorithm for low-complexity global motion estimation, that works with block-coded video (e.g. MPEG-2). A superimposed global motion model is fitted to decoded P-frame motion vector fields, providing real-time performance. Therefore a robust M-estimator is applied since a lot of outliers have to be expected in the motion vector fields. The algorithm is compared to a state-of-the-art global motion estimator. The main characteristics of the global motion are captured accurately in most cases, although estimation may fail. We also report the integration of the estimator into a complete MPEG-7 system for search-and-retrieval of video based on motion characteristics.
Conjunctival and Corneal Pneumatic Sensitivity Is Associated with Signs and Symptoms of Ocular Dryness (2008)

Ocular irritation assessed with the OSDI is associated with ocular surface hyperesthesia to cooling, corneal epitheliopathy, and tear film instability. Although cause and effect are unclear, the analysis showed that altered corneal and conjunctival sensory processing and tear film attributes are essential aspects of what characterizes dry eye.
Scene illuminant estimation: Past, present, and future (2006)

Abstract This article addresses the problem of colour constancy: how a visual system is able to ensure that the colours it perceives remain stable, regardless of the prevailing scene illuminant. My aim is first to summarize and review the most important theoretical advances that have been made in this field. Second, I present a comparative analysis of algorithm performance that we use as the basis of a discussion of the current state of colour constancy research and of the important issues that future research in this field should address. Finally, I highlight some areas of recent research that are important in the context of further improving the performance of colour constancy algorithms. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 31, 303–314, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20226