gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of catalytic transfer hydrogenation of soybean oil (1994)

Abstract The catalytic transfer hydrogenation of soybean oil was studied by using various concentrations of sodium formate solutions, an emulsifier and paladium on a carbon catalyst. Sodium formate concentration and addition of the emuldifier significantly affect the reaction rate because of their influence on the liquid/liquid interface. Under conditions in which diffusion effects are eliminated, all reactions carried out in diluted sodium formate solution obey first‐order kinetics with respect to fatty acids. This allows control over the hydrogenation process of soybean oil, needed to obtain partially hydrogenated oil containing about 1% linolenic acid and a relatively high level of linoleic acid with no increase in the stearic acid concentration.
The Avnu Alliance Theory of Operation for TSN-enabled Industrial Systems (2018)

The IEEE’s Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) task group produces a set of standards for standard Ethernet for interoperability at the network level, to create a foundation for more advanced manufacturing and product models for time synchronization and low-latency communication mechanisms where data can be shared predictably and flexibly.
Cuidado con la pseudoética (2009)

Pocas veces se lee o escucha acerca de que es lo que se entiende por comportamiento etico, ?es algo obvio para todos?, ?todos hablamos de lo mismo?
An 8 ns 4 Mb serial access memory (1991)

A new architecture for serial access memory is described that enables a static random access memory (SRAM) to operate in a serial access mode. The design target is to access all memory address serially from any starting address with an access time of less than 10 ns. This can be done by all initializing procedure and three new circuit techniques. The initializing procedure is introduced to start the serial operation at an arbitrary memory address. Three circuit techniques eliminate extra delay time caused by an internal addressing of column lines, sense amplifiers, word lines, and memory cell blocks. This architecture was successfully implemented in a 4-Mb CMOS SRAM using a 0.6 mu m CMOS process technology. The measured serial access time was 8 ns at a single power supply voltage of 3.3 V.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A reverse-voltage protection circuit for MOSFET power switches (2001)

When MOSFET is used as a power switch, it is essential to prevent reverse current flow through the parasitic body diodes under reverse voltage condition. A new built-in reverse voltage protection circuit for MOSFETs has been developed. In this design, an area-efficient circuit is used to automatically select the proper well bias voltage to prevent reverse current under the reverse-voltage condition. This built-in reverse protection circuit has been successfully implemented in a high-side power switch application using a 0.6-/spl mu/m CMOS process. The die area of the protection circuit is only 2.63% of that of a MOSFET. The latch-up immunity is greater than +12 V and -10 V in voltage triggering mode, and greater than /spl plusmn/500 mA in current triggering mode. The protection circuit is not in series with the MOSFET switch, so that the full output swing and high power efficiency are achieved.
Computing with Coupled Relaxation Oscillators (2016)

This chapter focuses on recent works in experimentally demonstrating tunable coupled relaxation oscillators, based on the phenomenon of insulator-metal transition in vanadium dioxide (VO2), as an efficient non-Boolean computational primitive capable of performing the visual saliency task. The chapter exploits the phase synchronization dynamics of pairs of coupled oscillators to compute a fractional distance norm that is suitable for associative computing. Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) transistors supporting the Boolean computational framework have been the backbone of modern computation, and have fueled the information technology revolution for the past four decades. Mathematically, the quantification of the degree of match between two quantities requires the calculation of a distance between two points that represents the two quantities in a high-dimensional space. It turns out that the so-called ‘Boolean bottleneck’ arises from the requirement of a significant number of power-intensive multiply-accumulate (MAC) operations involved in the calculation of the distance norm.
Data regularization using Gaussian beams decomposition and sparse norms (2012)

Abstract. We consider seismic data regularization problems in this paper. Gaussian beam decomposition model is proposed for seismic data representation. To solve the representation problem, an l 0 quasi-norm minimization model with different smooth approximations is proposed. To solve the l 0 quasi-norm minimization problem, a projected gradient method with nonmonotone choice of iterative steps is developed. Numerical simulations on one-dimensional and two-dimensional seismic imaging problems are performed to verify the feasibility of our methods.
Charge Detection Enables Free-Electron Quantum Computation (2004)

It is known that a quantum computer operating on electron-spin qubits with single-electron Hamiltonians and assisted by single-spin measurements can be simulated efficiently on a classical computer. We show that the exponential speedup of quantum algorithms is restored if single-charge measurements are added. These enable the construction of a CNOT (controlled NOT) gate for free fermions, using only beam splitters and spin rotations. The gate is nearly deterministic if the charge detector counts the number of electrons in a mode, and fully deterministic if it only measures the parity of that number.
Effect of epinephrine administration on glycogen metabolism in red and white muscle of anaesthetized pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) (1995)

Abstract The glycogenolytic effect of exogenous epinephrine was studied in white ( Longissimus ) and red ( Trapezius ) muscle of anaesthetized pig. In addition, we assessed the metabolic action of epinephrine during the 3 h following the cessation of perfusion. Twelve purebred Large White pigs, averaging 80 kg live‐weight, were used. The animals were anaesthetized and perfused (0–15 min) with 5 μg kg −1 min −1 epinephrine or saline (control animals). Blood samples were taken to determine plasma levels of glucose, lactate and non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Muscle samples were taken to determine the concentrations of glycogen and related metabolites, and the activity ratio of the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase. Control animals showed stable levels of plasma and muscle metabolites during the 3 h anaesthesia. However, the resting level of the activity ratio of phosphorylase was high (80%). Epinephrine treatment induced significant increases in plasma metabolites and an overall significant glycogen depletion. The extent of epinephrine‐induced glycogenolysis was greater in the red Trapezius than in the white Longissimus muscle. This was associated with a greater rise in the muscle lactate content and in the activity ratio of phosphorylase in the Trapezius muscle during epinephrine administration. In both muscles, no significant glycogen depletion was observed during 3 h following the cessation of epinephrine administration. This occurred despite the fact that the activity ratio of phosphorylase remained high in the Longissimus muscle until the end of the experiment.
A Broadband, Small-Signal SiGe HBT Model forMillimeter-Wave Applications (2004)

This paper describes a novel extraction
procedure for the intrinsic small-signal model parameters
of state-of-the-art 200 GHz SiGe HBTs. Analytical
expressions, augmented by a least-square error
minimization based optimization, are used to achieve, for
the first time, a broadband, small-signal SiGe HBT model
that is accurate up to 80 GHz. The intrinsic components for
a T-equivalent circuit are determined from open-collector,
reverse-bias and forward-bias measurements using proper
de-embedding schemes. A bias-independent capacitance i s
added in parallel with the intrinsic bias-independent base
resistance to model the raised extrinsic base device
structure used to achieve the very high fT and fmax found in
these advanced SiGe HBTs. The intrinsic components for
the physical model are extracted directly from the
analytical expressions. The model parameters, extracted
from measurements up to 40 GHz, give an accurate
representation of the small-signal SiGe HBT
characteristics up to 80 GHz.
Index Terms — Broadband, small-signal model, SiGe
HBTs, parameter extraction, physical model.
Technological Innovation in Banking and Payments: Industry Trends and Implications for Banks (1998)

ments involve the adoption of new processes, while others reflect a recent surge in the use of technologies that have existed for a number of years. In both cases, these processes combine the electronic transfer of payment related information with the actual payment instructions. While much attention has centered on the shifts away from paper-based payment media, the development and adoption of processes that broaden the scope of information transferred electronically in the course of a payment transaction will likely have a greater long-term impact on electronic commerce and banking. We discuss the response of banks to these technological developments, and the challenges arising for bank management in the fourth section of the article. Banks are substantially increasing their investments in technology, and we present information on the composition and magnitude of those investments. Our analysis indicates that banks are feeling strong competitive pressures to avoid being left behind in the technology area. This sense of urgency could lead to heightened technologyrelated risk exposures for banks if they fail to implement appropriate technology risk management practices. We then briefly discuss the steps taken by bank regulators to help institutions develop sound risk management measures. The article concludes with a summary of our key observations.
Pronounced and sustained central hypernoradrenergic function in major depression with melancholic features: Relation to hypercortisolism and corticotropin-releasing hormone (2000)

Both stress-system activation and melancholic depression are characterized by fear, constricted affect, stereotyped thinking, and similar changes in autonomic and neuroendocrine function. Because norepinephrine (NE) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) can produce these physiological and behavioral changes, we measured the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels each hour for 30 consecutive hours in controls and in patients with melancholic depression. Plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol levels were obtained every 30 min. Depressed patients had significantly higher CSF NE and plasma cortisol levels that were increased around the clock. Diurnal variations in CSF NE and plasma cortisol levels were virtually superimposable and positively correlated with each other in both patients and controls. Despite their hypercortisolism, depressed patients had normal levels of plasma ACTH and CSF CRH. However, plasma ACTH and CSF CRH levels in depressed patients were inappropriately high, considering the degree of their hypercortisolism. In contrast to the significant negative correlation between plasma cortisol and CSF CRH levels seen in controls, patients with depression showed no statistical relationship between these parameters. These data indicate that persistent stress-system dysfunction in melancholic depression is independent of the conscious stress of the disorder. These data also suggest mutually reinforcing bidirectional links between a central hypernoradrenergic state and the hyperfunctioning of specific central CRH pathways that each are driven and sustained by hypercortisolism. We postulate that alpha-noradrenergic blockade, CRH antagonists, and treatment with antiglucocorticoids may act at different loci, alone or in combination, in the treatment of major depression with melancholic features.
High Refractive Index Polymers for Optical Applications (1997)

Abstract High refractive index (RI) materials are extremely important in many optical applications. Polymers traditionally have relatively low refractive indices, but they can be raised to technologically useful values. Our group has prepared RI tunable materials up to 1.68 using brominated and aromatic monomers in a copolymer synthesis method. These copolymers are transparent in the technologically important near-IR, have high glass transition temperatures, and are good film formers. These attributes make them useful in optical quality composites where a RI-controlled matrix material is used to match the RI of the incorporated phase to avoid scattering. In addition to composites, applications of these high RI materials include antireflective coatings and high RI lenses, among others.
Discovery of Novel Scaffolds for Rho Kinase 2 Inhibitor Through TRFRET- Based High Throughput Screening Assay (2013)

Recent advances in basic and clinical studies have identified Rho kinase (ROCK) as an important target potentially implicated in a variety of cardiovascular diseases and ROCK inhibitors were considered as a pharmacological strategy to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases. To screen the small molecule compound library against ROCK, a high throughput screening (HTS) campaign was carried out using immobilized metal affinity for phosphochemicals (IMAP)-based time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) assay. Z' value and signal to background (S/B) ratio were achieved at 0.76 and 5.27 for the pilot library screening of the most diverse set consisting of 15,040 compounds with a reasonable reconfirmation rate. From this screening campaign, four novel scaffolds, such as 3- nitropyridine, 4-methoxy-1,3,5,-triazine, naphthalene-1,4-dione, and 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinoxaline, were yielded. Particularly, we found that 3-nitropyridine derivatives possess potent inhibitory activity and selectivity for ROCK. Our findings provide important information for the design of novel ROCK inhibitor.
Electron Spin Resonance Absorption in Metals. I. Experimental (1955)

The electron spin resonance absorption in metals was investigated at 300 and 9000 Mc/sec, in the temperature range from 4\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to 296\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The metals investigated were: Li, Na, K, Be, Mg, Al, Pd, W. Resonances were observed in Li, Na, Be, for which accurate $g$ values and relaxation times were obtained and compared with existing theories. K gave a signal only at 4\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and 300 Mc/sec, with too poor a signal-to-noise ratio to make accurate measurements. No resonances were observed in Mg, Al, Pd, W. The line shapes predicted by Dyson's theory for the resonance absorption in metals were checked experimentally for different diffusion times and relaxation times. A satisfactory agreement between the theory and experiment is obtained for both the normal and the anomalous skin effect region.
First-principles investigation of isolated band formation in half-metallic<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ti</mml:mi><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ga</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">P</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mspace width="0.3em"/><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.3125</mml:mn><mml:mo>–</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.25</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:math> (2006)

Several alloy semiconductors containing a transition metal atom of the type $M{\mathrm{Ga}}_{4}{X}_{3}$ with $X=\mathrm{As}$ or P and $M=\mathrm{Sc}$ or Ti have been found previously to present an isolated partially filled intermediate band within the usual band gap of the host semiconductors and have been proposed as highly efficient photovoltaic materials. In this paper, we carry out an ab initio investigation of band structures and electronic properties for the more chemically stable ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{P}$ compound as a candidate for isolated intermediate band formation. We have calculated the electronic structures using self-consistent density functional theory method in both local density approximation and generalized gradient approximation (GGA) approaches and compared the GGA results with those obtained with the exact exchange method that we have implemented in the code SIESTA. Using spin-polarized localized wave functions to represent the valence electrons states and nonlocal pseudopotentials for the core electrons, we have also studied in detail the ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{P}$ compounds at different dilution levels of the Ti transition metal atom $(x=3.125%,6.25%,12.5%,25.0%)$ and for two (cubic and tetragonal) different crystal cells. Results at the different dilutions show in all cases a fully spin-polarized structure and, except for the case of immediate Ti neighbors, indicate a rather small spin coupling between Ti atoms and confirm the presence of the isolated narrow partially filled intermediate band for this compound. They also show the higher suitability of isotropic crystal structures for obtaining in these materials the intermediate band with the desired small band width.
[Seismocardiography--a noninvasive technique for estimating left ventricular function. Preliminary results]. (2002)

SCG may be helpful in monitoring left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in patients with IHD.
In vitro apolipoprotein B mRNA editing: identification of a 27S editing complex. (1991)

Specific apolipoprotein B (apoB) mRNA editing can be performed in vitro on apoB RNA substrates. Native gels and glycerol gradient sedimentation have been used to determine the physical properties of the in vitro editing activity in rat liver cytosolic S100 extracts. ApoB RNA substrates were progressively assembled as 27S complexes for 3 hr with similar kinetics as seen for the accumulation of edited RNA. Assembly was not observed on RNAs from apoB deletion constructs that did not support editing. The 27S complex contained both edited and unedited RNA sequences. Inhibition of 27S complex assembly by vanadyl-ribonucleoside complexes was accompanied by inhibition of editing. Based on these data, we propose that the 27S complex is the in vitro "editosome," A "mooring sequence" model for RNA recognition and editosome assembly has been proposed involving RNA sequences flanking the edited nucleotide.
The potential impact of platelet growth factors in transfusion medicine (1998)

The long-sought platelet growth factor, thrombopoietin, has been identified, the gene cloned, and the molecule is now available for clinical use. Thrombopoietin may be useful in transfusion medicine by: 1) reducing the demand for platelets by decreasing the severity and duration of thrombocytopenia, 2) reducing the time required for platelet donation, thus making more platelet donors available, 3) increasing the number of platelets that can be collected from existing platelet donors, 4) increasing the yield of peripheral blood stem cells through synergy with other hematopoietic growth factors, 5) expanding progenitor cells ex vivo through its effect on early progenitors, and 6) producing platelets in ex vivo culture systems.
A hierarchical characterization of a live streaming media workload (2006)

We present a thorough characterization of what we believe to be the first significant live Internet streaming media workload in the scientific literature. Our characterization of over 3.5 million requests spanning a 28-day period is done at three increasingly granular levels, corresponding to clients, sessions, and transfers. Our findings support two important conclusions. First, we show that the nature of interactions between users and objects is fundamentally different for live versus stored objects. Access to stored objects is user driven, whereas access to live objects is object driven. This reversal of active/passive roles of users and objects leads to interesting dualities. For instance, our analysis underscores a Zipf-like profile for user interest in a given object, which is in contrast to the classic Zipf-like popularity of objects for a given user. Also, our analysis reveals that transfer lengths are highly variable and that this variability is due to client stickiness to a particular live object, as opposed to structural (size) properties of objects. Second, by contrasting two live streaming workloads from two radically different applications, we conjecture that some characteristics of live media access workloads are likely to be highly dependent on the nature of the live content being accessed. This dependence is clear from the strong temporal correlation observed in the traces, which we attribute to the impact of synchronous access to live content. Based on our analysis, we present a model for live media workload generation that incorporates many of our findings, and which we implement in GISMO.
COHbC and COHbS crystallize in the R2 quaternary state at neutral pH in the presence of PEG 4000 (2005)

Human hemoglobin binds oxygen cooperatively and functions as a tetramer composed of two identical alphabeta heterodimers. While human hemoglobin is the best characterized allosteric protein, the quaternary R (oxygenated or liganded) to T (deoxygenated) structural transition remains controversial. The R2 state has been postulated to represent either an intermediate or final quaternary state elicited by ligand binding. However, the biological relevance of the R2 state has been questioned as it has not been observed crystallographically under physiological conditions. The high-resolution R2 quaternary structures of human COHbC (betaE6K) and COHbS (betaE6V) are reported at neutral pH and low ionic strength using PEG 4000 as a precipitant. Crystals of COHbC, COHbS and their mixtures are isomorphous, indicating that they share the same tertiary and quaternary structures. In contrast, oxyHbA or COHbA did not yield crystals at neutral pH under similar conditions. Solubility studies and modeling suggest that at neutral pH and low ionic strength the beta6 mutant hemoglobins crystallize (betaK6 > betaV6) as a result of more favorable lattice contacts.