gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
第三单元:21世纪电影(2001-2013)(英文) (2013)

Highlights of Multi-Ethnic Cultural Patterns——A Colorful Panorama of Present Day China A COLORFUL PANORAMA OF PRESENT DAY CHINA Chinese ethnic films in the 21st century have entered into an arena of tremendous growth and rapid development.Only once before in the Chinese film history has this ever occurred.This time was during the establishment of modern China in 1949and lasted until China’s Cultural Revolution in 1966.The films during this seventeenyear period were different from the ones of this century in that they integrated national narrative themes to unify a singular national image.In contrast,ethnic films in the new
Linking toxicant physiological mode of action with induced gene expression changes in Caenorhabditis elegans (2010)

Our results have established that outputs from process based models and transcriptomics analyses can help to link mechanisms of action of toxic chemicals with resulting demographic effects. Such complimentary analyses can assist in the categorisation of chemicals for risk assessment purposes.
Dietary Fructose Reduces Circulating Insulin and Leptin, Attenuates Postprandial Suppression of Ghrelin, and Increases Triglycerides in Women (2004)

Previous studies indicate that leptin secretion is regulated by insulin-mediated glucose metabolism. Because fructose, unlike glucose, does not stimulate insulin secretion, we hypothesized that meals high in fructose would result in lower leptin concentrations than meals containing the same amount of glucose. Blood samples were collected every 30-60 min for 24 h from 12 normal-weight women on 2 randomized days during which the subjects consumed three meals containing 55, 30, and 15% of total kilocalories as carbohydrate, fat, and protein, respectively, with 30% of kilocalories as either a fructose-sweetened [high fructose (HFr)] or glucose-sweetened [high glucose (HGl)] beverage. Meals were isocaloric in the two treatments. Postprandial glycemic excursions were reduced by 66 +/- 12%, and insulin responses were 65 +/- 5% lower (both P < 0.001) during HFr consumption. The area under the curve for leptin during the first 12 h (-33 +/- 7%; P < 0.005), the entire 24 h (-21 +/- 8%; P < 0.02), and the diurnal amplitude (peak - nadir) (24 +/- 6%; P < 0.0025) were reduced on the HFr day compared with the HGl day. In addition, circulating levels of the orexigenic gastroenteric hormone, ghrelin, were suppressed by approximately 30% 1-2 h after ingestion of each HGl meal (P < 0.01), but postprandial suppression of ghrelin was significantly less pronounced after HFr meals (P < 0.05 vs. HGl). Consumption of HFr meals produced a rapid and prolonged elevation of plasma triglycerides compared with the HGl day (P < 0.005). Because insulin and leptin, and possibly ghrelin, function as key signals to the central nervous system in the long-term regulation of energy balance, decreases of circulating insulin and leptin and increased ghrelin concentrations, as demonstrated in this study, could lead to increased caloric intake and ultimately contribute to weight gain and obesity during chronic consumption of diets high in fructose.
Physiochemical properties and application of hyaluronic acid: a systematic review (2016)

Adjunct therapy with hyaluronic acid provides longer-lasting therapeutic effect when compared to the use of glucocorticosteroids and NSAIDs in osteoarthritic chronic diseases, is well-established in ophthalmology due to its lubricating properties for the corneal endothelium, and improves tissue hydration and cellular resistance to mechanical damage in aesthetic dermatology, and has marginal adverse effects. Several trials indicated its role in tumor markers, liver diseases, and in pharmaceuticals, but further research would be necessary to draw conclusive results in those fields.
Identification and analysis of bacterial virulence genes<i>in vivo</i> (2000)

Signature-tagged mutagenesis is a mutation-based screening method for the identification of virulence genes of microbial pathogens. Genes isolated by this approach fall into three classes: those with known biochemical function, those of suspected function and some whose functions cannot be predicted from database searches. A variety of in vitro and in vivo methods are available to elucidate the function of genes of the second and third classes. We describe the use of some of these approaches to study the function of the Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 type III secretion system of Salmonella typhimurium. This virulence determinant is required for intracellular survival. Secretion by this system is induced by an acidic pH, and its function may be to alter trafficking of the Salmonella-containing vacuole. Use of a temperature-sensitive non-replicating plasmid and competitive index tests with other genes show that in vivo phenotypes do not always correspond to those predicted from in vitro studies.
Effect of Substitution on the Electrochemical and Xerographic Properties of Triarylamines:  Correlation to the Hammett Parameter of the Substituent and Calculated HOMO Energy Level (2001)

It has been found that both the electrochemical and xerographic properties of a series of triarylamines vary with the nature (quantified by its Hammett parameter, σ) and the frequency of substituents that make up a triarylamine. Three series of triarylamines, encompassing a total of 35 compounds, have been synthesized by Ullman condensation of an appropriately substituted aniline with an excess of an appropriately substituted iodophenylene by a published procedure [Goodbrand, H. B.; Hu, N. X. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64 (2), 670−674]. The xerographic properties, including transport properties, of a select number of compounds have been measured as solid-state solutions in polycarbonate-Z. The recorded xerographic properties varied with the measured oxidation potential (E1/2) of the molecule, which in turn correlates to both the Hammett parameter of the substituent and the calculated HOMO energy level of the triarylamine.
Four-way Video Conference and its Session Control Based on Distributed Mini-MCU in Home Server (2008)

This paper presents a method to provide four-way video conference by distributing MCU (Multi-point Control Unit) to one of home network equipments like home server. The distributed mini-MCU consists of a special video conference module and a session manager to initiate and control the additive sessions based on SIP protocol. The media streams from each party are collected and mixed in the video conference module of the home server operating as SIP UAC (User Agent Client). The spatially divided video and three different mixed audio are encoded in MPEG-4 encoders and sent back to participants of SIP UAS (User Agent Server). Based on this mini-MCU, it is possible to provide video conference without any centralized MCUs while maintaining the network bandwidth reduced.
Performance of DBPSK in a 5 /spl times/ 10 Gb/s mixed modulation format Raman/EDFA WDM system (2005)

The impact of varying the pulse format as well as the data format of side channels on a differential binary phase-shift-keyed (DBPSK) center channel, as a function of channel spacing and propagation distance, was examined for the first time in a 5 /spl times/ 10 Gb/s Raman/erbium-doped fiber amplifier wavelength-division-multiplexed recirculating loop. The data format of the side channel was either on-off keying (OOK) or DBPSK, while its pulse format was either 50% return-to-zero or nonreturn-to-zero. For the system studied, it was found that the side channel OOK data format was always more detrimental than its pulse format to the performance of the DBPSK center channel.
Machine Learning-Based Detection of Ransomware Using SDN (2018)

The growth of malware poses a major threat to internet users, governments, and businesses around the world. One of the major types of malware, ransomware, encrypts a user's sensitive information and only returns the original files to the user after a ransom is paid. As malware developers shift the delivery of their product from HTTP to HTTPS to protect themselves from payload inspection, we can no longer rely on deep packet inspection to extract features for malware identification. Toward this goal, we propose a solution leveraging a recent trend in networking hardware, that is programmable forwarding engines (PFEs). PFEs allow collection of per-packet, network monitoring data at high rates. We use this data to monitor the network traffic between an infected computer and the command and control (C&C) server. We extract high-level flow features from this traffic and use this data for ransomware classification. We write a stream processor and use a random forest, binary classifier to utilizes these rich flow records in fingerprinting malicious, network activity without the requirement of deep packet inspection. Our classification model achieves a detection rate in excess of 0.86, while maintaining a false negative rate under 0.11. Our results suggest that a flow-based fingerprinting method is feasible and accurate enough to catch ransomware before encryption.
Visual Animation of Backward Facing Step Flow Computed by Large Eddy Simulation (1991)

Three-dimensional unsteady numerical flow field is visualized by using MPGS which is the multipurpose graphic system developed by CRAY research Ltd. The flow field computed by large eddy simulation (LES) is the turbulent flow over a backward facing step, The Reynolds number based on step height and main flow is 46000. Unsteady behavior of the large eddy on the computed flow field is clearly confirmed by making visual animation. Multipurpose graphic system, by which visual animation is easily produced, is available to estimate the computational unsteady flow fields.
Neuronal death in cytokine‐activated primary human brain cell culture: role of tumor necrosis factor‐α (1999)

We examined cytokine-mediated neuronal death in neuron-astrocyte cultures from second trimester human fetal cerebrum. In these cultures, high-output inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) are expressed in astrocytes after exposure to IL-1β/IFNγ. Neuronal cell death was evident at ≥48 h following cytokine stimulation. Neutralizing anti-TNFα antiserum inhibited (≈48%) neurotoxicity in IL-1β/IFNγ-treated cultures, demonstrating a role for endogenously produced TNFα. Interestingly, the degree of neuroprotection conferred by superoxide dismutase or N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists in these cultures was smaller and variable. Similarly, the effect of the NOS inhibitor, NG-monomethyl L-arginine (NMMA) on IL-1β/IFNγ-induced neuronal death was variable, showing no statistically significant effect when results from more than 30 independent cultures were averaged. Neurons die by apoptosis in cytokine-treated human fetal CNS cultures as shown by the characteristic nuclear morphology as well as positive labeling for TUNEL. Our results demonstrate a potent neurotoxicity mediated by the cytokine combination IL-1β/IFNγ in primary human neuron-astrocyte cultures and a crucial role for endogenous TNFα in mediating neurotoxicity in this system. These results firmly establish the neurotoxic potential of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNFα in the human CNS. GLIA 28:114–127, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Unsupervised Cluster Matching via Probabilistic Latent Variable Models (2013)

We propose a probabilistic latent variable model for unsupervised cluster matching, which is the task of finding correspondences between clusters of objects in different domains. Existing object matching methods find one-to-one matching. The proposed model finds many-to-many matching, and can handle multiple domains with different numbers of objects. The proposed model assumes that there are an infinite number of latent vectors that are shared by all domains, and that each object is generated using one of the latent vectors and a domain-specific linear projection. By inferring a latent vector to be used for generating each object, objects in different domains are clustered in shared groups, and thus we can find matching between clusters in an unsupervised manner. We present efficient inference procedures for the proposed model based on a stochastic EM algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed model is demonstrated with experiments using synthetic and real data sets.
Pulse Transit Time and Blood Pressure: An Intensive Analysis (1983)

ABSTRACT Relationships between pulse transit time (PTT) and intra‐arterial systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were examined in 4 subjects under three conditions: rest, paced respiration, and mental arithmetic. PTT was measured from the EKG R‐wave to two peripheral pulses (brachial and radial) and from one pulse to the other. Three points on each pulse wave were used (peak, foot, slope) in the measurements, yielding nine different measures of PTT. The nine PTT measures were not consistently intercorrelated. PTTs initiated by the R‐wave were moderately correlated with SBP, but not with DBP or MAP. Brachial to radial PTTs were not correlated with any measures of BP. Relationships between PTT and BP also varied from subject to subject. The limited magnitude of the correlations and their inconsistency suggest caution in the simple substitution of PTT for beat‐to‐beat measures of BP.
Growth phase‐associated changes in the proteome and transcriptome of <i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i> GG in industrial‐type whey medium (2011)

The growth phase during which probiotic bacteria are harvested and consumed can strongly influence their performance as health-promoting agents. In this study, global transcriptomic and proteomic changes were studied in the widely used probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG during growth in industrial-type whey medium under strictly defined bioreactor conditions. The expression of 636 genes (P ≤ 0.01) and 116 proteins (P < 0.05) changed significantly over time. Of the significantly differentially produced proteins, 61 were associated with alterations at the transcript level. The most remarkable growth phase-dependent changes occurred during the transition from the exponential to the stationary growth phase and were associated with the shift from glucose fermentation to galactose utilization and the transition from homolactic to mixed acid fermentation. Furthermore, several genes encoding proteins proposed to promote the survival and persistence of L. rhamnosus GG in the host and proteins that directly contribute to human health showed temporal changes in expression. Our results suggest that L. rhamnosus GG has a highly flexible and adaptable metabolism and that the growth stage during which bacterial cells are harvested and consumed should be taken into consideration to gain the maximal benefit from probiotic bacteria.
High-Power High-Efficiency Yb<sup>3+</sup>-Doped Y<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> Ceramic Laser at Room Temperature (2008)

A diode-end-pumped Yb3+:Y3Al5O12 (Yb:YAG) ceramic laser with high efficiency and high power was demonstrated. A 5.5 W cw output power was obtained with a slope efficiency of 52%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest reported efficiency for >5 W Yb:YAG ceramic lasers.
Ochratoxin A: An overview on toxicity and carcinogenicity in animals and humans (2006)

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a ubiquitous mycotoxin produced by fungi of improperly stored food products. OTA is nephrotoxic and is suspected of being the main etiological agent responsible for human Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) and associated urinary tract tumours. Striking similarities between OTA-induced porcine nephropathy in pigs and BEN in humans are observed. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified OTA as a possible human carcinogen (group 2B). Currently, the mode of carcinogenic action by OTA is unknown. OTA is genotoxic following oxidative metabolism. This activity is thought to play a central role in OTA-mediated carcinogenesis and may be divided into direct (covalent DNA adduction) and indirect (oxidative DNA damage) mechanisms of action. Evidence for a direct mode of genotoxicity has been derived from the sensitive 32P-postlabelling assay. OTA facilitates guanine-specific DNA adducts in vitro and in rat and pig kidney orally dosed, one adduct comigrates with a synthetic carbon (C)-bonded C8-dG OTA adduct standard. In this paper, our current understanding of OTA toxicity and carcinogenicity are reviewed. The available evidence suggests that OTA is a genotoxic carcinogen by induction of oxidative DNA lesions coupled with direct DNA adducts via quinone formation. This mechanism of action should be used to establish acceptable intake levels of OTA from human food sources.
Whither (or Wither) Habeas Corpus?: Observations on the Supreme Court's 1985 Term (1987)

The writ of habeas corpus has been called many things, such as ‘a broom to clean the judicial house,’ ‘the most celebrated writ in the English law,’ the ‘only sufficient defence of personal freedom,’ ‘the most important human right in the Constitution,’ ‘an attribute of our way of life,’ and, of course, ‘the Great Writ’ (with the inevitable initial capital letters). In the Eleventh Circuit, just for a few recent examples, Judge Fay has called habeas corpus ‘troublesome,’ Judge Gonzalez has called it ‘untidy,’ the late Judge Hooper questioned whether habeas corpus is a ‘bane or a blessing,’ and Judge Hill has termed the Great Writ the ‘Great(ly Abused) Writ.’ Whatever it is, it is immediately clear that habeas corpus-especially federal habeas corpus relief for state prisoners-is controversial. In this Article, I shall elaborate on some of this controversy: first, by noting a few significant statistics; second, by discussing the key Supreme Court habeas cases of the 1985 Term; and finally, by presenting issues that will almost certainly be included in the next generation of habeas corpus analysis.
Nebulized IFN-γ inhibits the development of secondary allergic responses in mice (1996)

The effects of nebulized IFN-gamma on primary and secondary IgE production and development of airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) were investigated. BALB/c mice received primary exposure to aerosolized OVA daily for 10 days and developed anti-OVA IgE responses, immediate cutaneous reactivity to OVA, and altered airway function when assayed on day 12. After secondary exposure to OVA challenges on days 30 and 31, these mice developed an amplified IgE response, heightened cutaneous reactivity to OVA and AHR when measured on day 37. Administration of IFN-gamma for 13 days, beginning 3 days prior to and during primary OVA sensitization, resulted in a decrease in anti-OVA IgE, increases in serum anti-OVA IgG2a levels, a decrease in cutaneous reactivity to OVA, and normal airway function when assessed on day 12 after primary sensitization. This treatment also prevented the development of secondary anti-OVA IgE responses and altered airway responsiveness but did not induce a secondary rise in anti-OVA IgG2a in the serum measured on day 37. Treatment with IFN-gamma on days 26 to 30, well after primary responses were established but just prior to secondary OVA challenge, abolished the development of secondary anti-OVA IgE responses, resulted in an increase in anti-OVA IgG2a in the serum, and prevented the development of AHR. In vitro, CD4+ T cells obtained from OVA-sensitized mice treated with either "early" or "late" IFN-gamma inhibited IgE production. Delivery of IFN-gamma to the airways can prevent secondary allergen sensitization even after primary sensitization has been achieved and this effect is mediated by CD4+ T cells.
An Endotoxin Binding Protein for Treatment of Septic Shock (1991)

Native ENP has been extracted from the 1990 blood collection season. The extract has been purified over the first purification column (ion change) and 10% has been processed through the final purification. Recombinant Endotoxin Neutralizing Protein: Fermentation has been scaled from 7 liters to 30 liters. The major improvement in this period has been in the down stream processing. Our extraction/purification procedure has required incubation of the yeast fermentation broth with 3 molar urea to dissociate complexes formed between ENP and uncharacterized medium or cellular components. It was found that changing the medium pH from 5.5 to 6.5 results in both increased secretion of ENP into the broth and elimination of the urea pre-incubation. The omission of urea, however, has created a new need to process the broth faster. Presumably, urea was acting to dissociate complex as well as denature proteases.
Constitutive Activation of Transcription and Binding of Coactivator by Estrogen-Related Receptors 1 and 2 (1999)

In this report, we demonstrate that, in contrast to most previously characterized nuclear receptors, hERR1 and hERR2 (human estrogen receptor-related protein 1 and -2) are constitutive activators of the classic estrogen response element (ERE) as well as the palindromic thyroid hormone response element (TRE(pal)) but not the glucocorticoid response element (GRE). This intrinsically activated state of hERR1 and hERR2 resides in the ligand-binding domains of the two genes and is transferable to a heterologous receptor. In addition, we show that members of the p160 family of nuclear receptor coactivators, ACTR (activator of thyroid and retinoic acid receptors), GRIP1 (glucocorticoid receptor interacting protein 1), and SRC-1 (steroid receptor coactivator 1), potentiate the transcriptional activity by hERR1 and hERR2 in mammalian cells, and that both orphan receptors bind the coactivators in a ligand-independent manner. Together, these results suggest that hERR1 and hERR2 activate gene transcription through a mechanism different from most of the previously characterized steroid hormone receptors.
Purine derivatives in the study of allergic inflammation in respiratory diseases (1997)

Adenosine, a naturally occurring purine nucleoside, elicits dose-related bronchoconstriction in asthmatic subjects when administered by inhalation and it is recovered in increased amounts from the bronchial lavage fluid of subjects with active asthma when compared to normal controls. Although the mechanism by which adenosine mediates bronchoconstriction in asthmatic subjects is not clear, recent data indicate an important role for mast cell mediator release. We have recently shown that local airway challenge with adenosine in subjects with asthma and rhinitis provokes an increase in the levels of PGD2, histamine and tryptase. However, airway responsiveness and atopic status are the most important determinants of adenosine-induced responses, regardless of any increases in mast cell mediators in airway fluids. New discoveries suggest that the airway response to adenosine may be an index of mast cell priming and therefore may provide a useful tool to further explore the inflammatory processes in allergic asthma and rhinitis. Therefore adenosine provocation may gain increasing acceptance as an additional measure of disease activity in asthma and rhinitis.
Gravitational Separation of Gases and Isotopes in Polar Ice Caps (1988)

Atmospheric gases trapped in polar ice at the firn to ice transition layer are enriched in heavy isotopes (nitrogen-15 and oxygen-18) and in heavy gases (O(2)/N(2) and Ar/N(2) ratios) relative to the free atmosphere. The maximum enrichments observed follow patterns predicted for gravitational equilibrium at the base of the firn layer, as calculated from the depth to the transition layer and the temperature in the firn. Gas ratios exhibit both positive and negative enrichments relative to air: the negative enrichments of heavy gases are consistent with observed artifacts of vacuum stripping of gases from fractured ice and with the relative values of molecular diameters that govern capillary transport. These two models for isotopic and elemental fractionation provide a basis for understanding the initial enrichments of carbon-13 and oxygen-18 in trapped CO(2), CH(4), and O(2) in ice cores, which must be known in order to decipher ancient atmospheric isotopic ratios.