gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Brefeldin A binds to glutathione S-transferase and is secreted as glutathione and cysteine conjugates by Chinese hamster ovary cells. (1992)

Radioactively labeled brefeldin A was used to probe for proteins that interact with this metabolite. The most prominent protein labeled after in vivo incubation of Chinese hamster ovary cells with [3H]brefeldin A turned out to have an apparent molecular mass of 26 kDa. Radioactive peptides derived from the [3H]brefeldin A-labeled protein showed sequence identity with glutathione S-transferases, and immunoblotting after two-dimensional gel electrophoresis confirmed this result. In addition, Chinese hamster ovary cells convert the antibiotic to its glutathionyl and cysteinyl derivatives and secrete them rapidly into the medium. From these findings we conclude that detoxification of the antibiotic in mammalian cells occurs via the glutathion S-transferase system. This may explain the often observed reversibility of brefeldin A's action on the steady state of organelles in mammalian cells.
Electronic structure of the ordered phases of Pt-Fe alloys (1991)

The electronic structure of several ordered phases of the Pt-Fe system is studied using the self-consistent linear muffin-tin-orbital method. The phases studied include nonmagnetic and ferromagnetic ${\mathrm{PtFe}}_{3}$, ferromagnetic ${\mathrm{Pt}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}$, antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic ${\mathrm{Pt}}_{3}$Fe, and ferromagnetic ${\mathrm{Pt}}_{5}$${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}$. The electronic structure, the densities of states, and the ground-state properties, such as equilibrium lattice constants, bulk moduli, local and average magnetic moments, and the state equations are calculated. The calculated parameters compare favorably with existing experimental data. The cohesive properties, chemical bonding, and the moment-stabilizing mechanism are discussed. A variation of all these aspects with alloy composition illustrates a continuous transition from itinerant to local-moment magnetism. An interplay of the covalent bonding, scalar relativistic effects, electronegativity, and the charge transfer is shown to be responsible for this transition. Homogeneity of the magnetic state of ${\mathrm{PtFe}}_{3}$ Invar is explained. On the basis of the calculated elastic properties and recently reported critical pressures at which the magnetic moment of ${\mathrm{PtFe}}_{3}$ collapses, the total energy difference between the ferromagnetic and nonmagnetic phase is estimated.
A health professional's guide to the GST: are we exempt after all? (2000)

Our 'New Tax System' starts on 1 July with it's Goods and Services Tax. Are psychology and social work really exempt? Which practitioners and services are included in these exemptions? Are counselling and psychotherapy included? Peter Hands tells us that the answers are not as simple as we had hoped. (editor abstract)
Subtypes of Ovarian Cancer and Ovarian Cancer Screening (2017)

Ovarian cancer is the foremost cause of gynecological cancer death in the developed world, as it is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage. In this paper we discuss current issues, the efficacy and problems associated with ovarian cancer screening, and compare the characteristics of ovarian cancer subtypes. There are two types of ovarian cancer: Type I carcinomas, which are slow-growing, indolent neoplasms thought to arise from a precursor lesion, which are relatively common in Asia; and Type II carcinomas, which are clinically aggressive neoplasms that can develop de novo from serous tubal intraepithelial carcinomas (STIC) and/or ovarian surface epithelium and are common in Europe and the USA. One of the most famous studies on the subject reported that annual screening using CA125/transvaginal sonography (TVS) did not reduce the ovarian cancer mortality rate in the USA. In contrast, a recent study in the UK showed an overall average mortality reduction of 20% in the screening group. Another two studies further reported that the screening was associated with decreased stage at detection. Theoretically, annual screening using CA125/TVS could easily detect precursor lesions and could be more effective in Asia than in Europe and the USA. The detection of Type II ovarian carcinoma at an early stage remains an unresolved issue. The resolving power of CA125 or TVS screening alone is unlikely to be successful at resolving STICs. Biomarkers for the early detection of Type II carcinomas such as STICs need to be developed.
Modifying lysine biosynthesis and catabolism in corn with a single bifunctional expression/silencing transgene cassette (2007)

Although it is one of the major crops in the world, corn has poor nutritional quality for human and animal consumption due to its low lysine content. Here, we report a method of simultaneous expression of a deregulated lysine biosynthetic enzyme, CordapA, and reduction of a bifunctional lysine degradation enzyme, lysine-ketoglutarate reductase/saccharophine dehydrogenase (LKR/SDH), in transgenic corn plants by a single transgene cassette. This is accomplished by inserting an inverted-repeat sequence targeting the maize LKR/SDH gene into an intron of a transgene cassette that expresses CordapA. This combination of LKR/SDH silencing and CordapA expression led to the accumulation of free lysine to over 4000 p.p.m. in transgenic corn grain, compared to less than 100 p.p.m. in wild-type controls. This intron-embedded silencing cassette design reduces the number of transgene cassettes needed in transgenic approaches for manipulating metabolic pathways that sometimes require expression of one gene and silencing of another.
Iterative water-filling for Gaussian vector multiple access channels (2002)

We develop an efficient iterative water-filling algorithm to find an optimal transmit spectrum for maximum sum capacity in a Gaussian multiple access channel with vector inputs and a vector output. The iterative algorithm converges from any starting point and reaches within (K-1)/2 nats per output dimension from the K-user sum capacity after just one iteration.
Particles from preformed polymers as carriers for drug delivery (2014)

Biodegradable and biocompatible polymers are widely used for the encapsulation of drug molecules. Various particulate carriers with different sizes and characteristics have been prepared by miscellaneous techniques. In this review, we reported the commonly used preformed polymer based techniques for the preparation of micro and nano-structured materials intended for drug encapsulation. A description of polymer-solvent interaction was provided. The most widely used polymers were reported and described and their related research studies were mentioned. Moreover, principles of each technique and its crucial operating conditions were described and discussed. Recent applications of all the reported techniques in drug delivery were also reviewed.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Biodegradable Hydrogels Based on Poly(ethylene glycol) and Sebacic Acid as Tissue Engineering Scaffolds (2007)

Novel biodegradable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) based hydrogels, namely, PEG sebacate diacrylate (PEGSDA) were synthesized, and their properties were evaluated. Chemical structures of these polymers were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. After photopolymerization, the dynamic shear modulus of the hydrogels was up to 0.2 MPa for 50% PEGSDA hydrogel, significantly higher than conventional hydrogels such as PEG diacrylate (PEGDA). The swelling ratios of these macromers were significantly lower than PEGDA. The in vitro degradation study demonstrated that these hydrogels were biodegradable with weight losses about 66% and 32% for 25% and 50% PEGSDA after 8 weeks of incubation in phosphate-buffered saline at 37 degrees C. In vitro biocompatibility was assessed using cultured rat bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) in the presence of unreacted monomers or degradation products. Unlike conventional PEGDA hydrogels, PEGSDA hydrogel without RGD peptide modification induced MSC cell adhesion similar to tissue culture polystyrene. Finally, complex three-dimensional structures of PEGSDA hydrogels using solid free form technique were fabricated and their structure integrity was better maintained than PEGDA hydrogels. These hydrogels may find use as scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.
An automatic code generation tool for partitioned software in distributed systems (2006)

In distributed heterogeneous systems, the target application is partitioned and the partitions are executed in different computing units while satisfying the dependencies between the code partitions. Code generation is the process of converting the code partitions into individually executable code clusters and satisfying the code dependencies by adding communication primitives to send and receive data between dependent the code clusters. In this work, we describe a code generation tool that is applicable to procedural language based applications for distributed processing. The application programs along with the partition primitives are converted into independently executable concrete implementations. The process consists of two steps, first translating the primitives of the application program into equivalent code clusters, and then scheduling the implementations of these code clusters according to the inherent data dependencies. Further, the original source code needs to be reverse engineered in order to create a meta-data table describing the program elements and dependency trees. This data gathered, is used along with parallel virtual machine (PVM) primitives for enabling the communication between the partitioned programs in the distributed environment. The proposed code generation model has been implemented using C and tested for various application programs for functional verification.
Intermittent atomic fluorescence (1986)

In a single-atom double-resonance experiment involving a strong and a weak transition, quantum jumps on the weak transition cause the resonance fluorescence of the strong transition to turn on and off randomly in time when observed over intervals long compared to the lifetime of the strong transition but short compared to that of the weak transition. Here we present a theory of this intermittent atomic fluorescence for the case of coherent excitation.
Surface proteins of Plasmodium falciparum merozoites binding to the erythrocyte receptor, glycophorin. (1984)

Invasion of erythrocytes by the malarial parasite is a receptor-mediated process. P. falciparum merozoites recognize and bind to erythrocyte surface sialoglycoproteins, glycophorins A and B, and the glycophorins bind to saturable sites on the merozoite surface. The purpose of the present work was to identify a receptor or ligand molecule on the merozoite surface that mediates binding to the erythrocyte. A fraction containing the sialoglycoproteins was coupled to an acrylamide matrix and incubated with metabolically labeled merozoites. A merozoite protein of 155 kD that labeled prominently with [3H]glycine bound to glycophorin. A minor protein of 130 kD also bound. Both proteins are rich in proline and glycine, poor in methionine, and may be related. The proteins are also stable to heating to 100 degrees C for 10 min. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that the 155 kD and 130 kD proteins are located on the merozoite surface coat. The antibodies significantly inhibited merozoite invasion into erythrocytes and also binding of the proteins to the glycophorin-matrix. The specific binding of the 155-kD and 130-kD proteins to the erythrocyte receptor and the demonstration that they are located on the merozoite surface suggest they could be receptor proteins that mediate binding of the merozoite to the erythrocyte surface.
Interactive Simulation of Rigid Body Dynamics in Computer Graphics (2012)

Interactive rigid body simulation is an important part of many modern computer tools. No authoring tool nor a game engine can do without. The high performance computer tools open up new possibilities for changing how designers, engineers, modelers and animators work with their design problems. This paper is a self contained state-of-the-art report on the physics, the models, the numerical methods and the algorithms used in interactive rigid body simulation all of which has evolved and matured over the past 20 years. The paper covers applications and the usage of interactive rigid body simulation. Besides the mathematical and theoretical details that this paper communicates in a pedagogical manner the paper surveys common practice and reflects on applications of interactive rigid body simulation. The grand merger of interactive and off-line simulation methods is imminent, multi-core is everymans property. These observations pose future challenges for research which we reflect on. In perspective several avenues for possible future work is touched upon such as more descriptive models and contact point generation problems. This paper is not only a stake in the sand on what has been done, it also seeks to give newcomers practical hands on advices and reflections that can give experienced researchers afterthought for the future.
Enzymic peptide synthesis via segment condensation in the presence of water mimics (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnzymic peptide synthesis via segment condensation in the presence of water mimicsHiroshi Kitaguchi and Alexander M. KlibanovCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 26, 9272–9273Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00208a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00208a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views266Altmetric-Citations98LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Project Prevention: Concept, Operation, Results and Controversies About Paying Drug Abusers to Obtain Long-Term Birth Control (2016)

This Article describes the origins and current operation of Project Prevention, a privately-funded program that provides a payment of $300 to substance abusers who obtain long-term birth control. This practice is intended as a means to prevent the conception of babies to mothers who are prone to expose their developing child to toxic levels of alcohol or other drugs during pregnancy, likely to be unable to care for their child once born, and at risk for having their child removed from their custody by the state and placed in foster care or an adoptive home. Children born to such mothers are at a high risk for developmental disadvantages and incur a high cost to society, which all too often has to provide medical or custodial care for them. Substance-abusing men who enroll in Project Prevention and obtain a verified vasectomy receive a similar payment. Thus far, Project Prevention has enrolled over 5,000 clients and paid out over $1 million in incentives. Some critics of Project Prevention have raised objections to this program; this Article describes and responds to a number of these objections. The Article concludes that this circumscribed program is highly effective and ethical, and provides a needed preventive service. In this manner, it emulates much larger-scale initiatives funded by the federal government, which have paid for the costs of long-term birth control, including sterilization, for indigent people. The federal government has long-provided financial inducements through foreign aid programs for the poor of other countries to obtain long-term birth control, also including sterilization. Therefore, any criticisms of Project Prevention must also be extended to existing, analogous federally funded programs.
MIGRATION ENHANCES ADAPTATION IN BACTERIOPHAGE POPULATIONS EVOLVING IN ECOLOGICAL SINKS (2012)

Migration between populations can be a major evolutionary force. However, some disagreement exists as to precisely how migration affects population adaptation. Some theories emphasize the inhibitory effects of gene flow between locally adapted populations, whereas others propose that migration can enhance adaptation. Migration has also been theorized to rescue sink populations from extinction. In our experiments, we serially passaged bacteriophage Φ6 host range mutants under sink conditions on a novel host while manipulating the source and number of migrants into these experimental populations. Migrants from two sources were used: mutant Φ6 phage able to infect a novel host (treatment) and wild-type Φ6 phage unable to infect a novel host (control). We used quadratic regressions to determine the relationship between the number of migrants per passage and the absolute fitnesses of experimental populations following 30 passages. Our results showed that migration from a control population had no effect on absolute fitnesses of our serially passaged populations following 30 passages. By contrast, the relationship between migrants per passage and absolute fitnesses for populations receiving migrants able to infect the novel host was best described by an upwardly concave curve. These results suggest that intermediate levels of migration can have favorable impacts on evolutionary adaptation.
Identification of interleukin 1 alpha produced by the 3B6 human EBV-B cell line. (1989)

We have previously described a novel protein, derived from the 3B6 EBV B-cell line which apparently displayed IL-1 bioactivity. We report here that the protein previously characterized is not a new species of IL-1. Indeed, we have now been able to clone and express a cDNA which identifies this protein as human thioredoxin, an intracellular dithiol oxydo-reductase enzyme. Thioredoxin however, is not a lymphokine and in particular does not possess IL-1 activity. Our earlier data can be explained in the light of recent findings, reported herein, indicating that IL-1 alpha is produced by the 3B6 line as assessed by antibody inhibition studies and IL-1 alpha mRNA expression. Thus our original protein preparation actually contained traces of IL-1 alpha, which was responsible for the biologic activities and thioredoxin.
Auto‐SENSE perfusion imaging of the whole human heart (2003)

Auto-SENSE allows perfusion imaging of the whole human heart without gaps.
Adrenal Function and the Effect of a High-Fat Diet on C57BL/6J and C57BL/6J-ob/ob Mice (1975)

In C57BL/6J mice and the ob/+ and ob/ob mutants total plasma corticosterone levels were found to be statistically different. In C57BL/6J mice the level was 1.9 +/- 0.2 mug/100 ml plasma, in ob/+ mice 8.6 +/- 1.6 mug/100 ml and in ob/ob mice 13.7 +/- 1.5 mug/100 ml. The percentage of protein-bound corticosterone as well as the free endogenous corticosterone levels were also different. Feeding a high-fat diet to young C57BL/6J and C57BL/6J-ob/ob mice for a period of 4 weeks had no effect upon blood glucose, plasma insulin and plasma corticosterone levels. The significantly higher increase in body weight of the high-fat diet groups of both lines of mice was mainly due to fat cell hypertrophy.
Parameters for Evaluation of Lipid Metabolism (1987)

The influence of the clinical condition and the intravenous intake on parameters of fat metabolism has been analyzed. Compared to normal subjects, the correlation between plasma concentrations and the turnover rate of glycerol and free fatty acids varies in the opposite direction in nutritionally depleted and severely injured patients. The significance of plasma concentrations as an index of fat mobilization should be interpreted in relation to the clinical condition. Kinetic measurements are particularly interesting in hypermetabolic patients. Plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations are markedly affected by surgical procedures. Any delay (in treatment) following the injury and the type of intravenous regimen used have an important influence on plasma lipid levels and should be taken into account when groups of patients are studied. The infusion of exogenous fat emulsions significantly affects not only plasma triglyceride levels but also phospholipid and cholesterol concentrations and will modify the plasma lipoprotein pattern. Measurements of plasma clearance and oxidation of fat can be used to evaluate individual tolerance and the metabolic utilization of lipids, but these procedures cannot be easily applied in routine clinical practice. Regular monitoring of plasma triglyceride, cholesterol, and phospholipid concentrations during and after cessation of fat infusion is recommended for each patient who is receiving daily fat infusions so that the safe rate of infusion for that individual can be determined.
Carbonic anhydrase gene expression in CA II‐deficient (<i>Car2<sup>−/−</sup></i>) and CA IX‐deficient (<i>Car9<sup>−/−</sup></i>) mice (2006)

Using real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, we have examined the expression of carbonic anhydrase isozymes (CA) I, II, III, IV, IX, XII, XIII and XIV in the brain, kidney, stomach and colon of the wild-type, CA II-deficient (Car2-/-), and CA IX deficient (Car9-/-) mice. The expression of Car4, Car12, Car13 and Car14 mRNAs did not show any significant deviations between the three groups of mice, whereas both groups of CA deficient mice showed decreased expression levels of Car1 in the colon and Car3 in the kidney. The Car2 mRNA level was greatly reduced but not completely abolished in all four tissues from the Car2-/- mice in which no CA II protein was expressed. Sequencing the Car2 cDNA isolated from C57BL6 Car2-/- mice revealed two nucleotide differences from the wild-type C57BL6 mice. One is a silent polymorphism found in Car2 mRNA from wild-type DBA mice, which is the strain that provided the original mutagenized chromosome. The second change is a mutation that causes prematurely terminated translation at codon 155 (Gln155X). Car9 mRNA and CA IX protein expression levels were up-regulated about 2.5- and 3.6-fold, respectively, in the stomach of the Car2-/- mice. These results suggest that the loss of function of cytosolic CA II in the stomach of Car2-/- mice leads to up-regulation of an extracellular CA, namely CA IX, which is expressed on the cell surface of the gastric epithelium.