gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HF mitigation via the Texaco-UOP HF additive technology (1994)

Alkylation is one of the key processes used by refiners to produce high-octane gasoline. In the alkylation process, light olefins and isobutane are converted to alkylate, a high-octane, low-vapor-pressure, paraffinic gasoline-blending component. Because of its clean burning characteristics and ability to contribute to lower emissions, alkylate is a highly valued component in premium and reformulated gasolines. Alkylation process technology using hydrogen fluoride (HF) as a catalyst has been widely used for many years. Since the mid-1980s, a primary concern has been the tendency of HF to form an aerosol when HF is released to the atmosphere. Much effort has gone into the development of measures to ensure the safe handling of HF in the refinery environment. Texaco and UOP have under development an HF additive technology. The key to this technology is the discovery of a class of additives that form a complex with HF to significantly reduce the aerosol-forming tendency of the catalyst system and still maintain acceptable catalytic performance and product quality. The purpose of this paper is to provide an update on the development status of the Texaco-UOP HF additive technology. Aerosol reduction has been demonstrated in small-scale laboratory release tests as well as in larger scalemore » wind tunnel release tests. The catalytic performance of the HF additive has been demonstrated in laboratory alkylation facilities and in a short-term experimental trial in a full-scale refinery unit. On the basis of the positive results obtained in the test program, a project is under way to implement the HF additive technology on a continuous basis in an existing Texaco alkylation unit by the third quarter of 1994.« less
Medical application of robotics and mechatronics (2003)

Surgery robots are needed to assist surgeons to overcome more difficult procedures and thus to help incurable patients as much as possible. A simple application of industrial robots may need more cumbersome and complicated changes although it seems like a much easier way to achieve this goal. The author proposes development of a new design concept based upon clinical demand such as a suitable integration of medical images and laser technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Regulation of Proenkephalin by Fos and Jun (1989)

Fos and Jun form a heterodimeric complex that associates with the nucleotide sequence motif known as the AP-1 binding site. Although this complex has been proposed to function as a transcriptional regulator in neurons, no specific target gene has yet been identified. Proenkephalin mRNA increased in the hippocampus during seizure just after an increase in c-fos and c-jun expression was detected. Fos-Jun complexes bound specifically to a regulatory sequence in the 5' control region of the proenkephalin gene. Furthermore, c-fos and c-jun stimulated transcription from this control region synergistically in transactivation assays. These data suggest that the proenkephalin gene may be a physiological target for Fos and Jun in the hippocampus and indicate that these proto-oncogene transcription factors may play a role in neuronal responses to stimulation.
A limited memory algorithm for bound constrained optimization (1995)

An algorithm for solving large nonlinear optimization problems with simple bounds is described. It is based on the gradient projection method and uses a limited-memory BFGS matrix to approximate the Hessian of the objective function. We show how to take advantage of the form of the limited-memory approximation to implement the algorithm efficiently. The results of numerical tests on a set of large problems are reported.
BaTiO<sub>3</sub> thin films for optically active waveguides (1995)

Abstract The photoluminescent properties of epitaxial Er doped BaTiO3 films have been measured over the temperature range of 15 −295 K. The characteristic Er3+ emission peak energy is centered at 0.800 eV and is nearly temperature independent. The integrated peak intensity at 295 K is comparable to the intensity at 15 K. The photoluminescence decay time is 6 msec. which is comparable to what is observed in other Er doped solids. The predicted laser gain is of the order of 10 cm−1.
Handbook of Semiconductor Technology Set (2000)

VOLUME 1 Band Theory Applied to Semiconductors Electrical and Optical Characteristics of Crystalline Semiconductors Deep Centers in Semiconductors Equilibria, Nonequilibria, Diffusion and Precipitation Dislocation Grain Boundaries Interfaces The Hall Effect in Quantum Wires Material Properties of Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Solubility Diffusion and Gettering of Illd Transition Elements in Silicon VOLUME 2 Silicon Processing Compound Semiconductor Processing Epitaxial Growth Photolitography Doping Etching Processes in Semiconductor Manufacturing Silicon Device Structures Compound Semicondutor Device Structures Silicon Device Processing Compound Semiconductor Device Processing Integrated Circuit Packaging Interconnect Systems
Local optimization of weighted joint torques for redundant robotic manipulators (1995)

In this article, stable local solutions with global characteristics are developed for the weighted joint torque optimization in redundant manipulator. Conditions for these symmetric weight matrices are found that can guarantee that the local optimization of joint torque weighted by these matrices will have the same stability and optimality as the local optimization for the inertia inverse weighted joint torque. The symbolic results of the weighted projection operator of Jacobian matrix are also derived. It is also proposed that the weight matrix plays an important role in avoiding instabilities by relating the null space of the Jacobian matrix to what the authors termed an effective null space of J.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Baldrige winners link quality, strategy, and financial management (1992)

The Fifth Annual Total Quality Conference presented this Spring by the Unified Technologies Center of Cleveland featured some of the most influential contributors to the theory and practice of quality management as well as representatives from each of the 1991 Baldrige Award winners.
Helix–coil transition in copolypeptides. I. Poly (γ‐benzyl‐<i>co</i>‐γ‐methyl <scp>L</scp>‐glutamate) (1971)

Abstract The helix–coil transition in poly(γ‐benzyl L ‐glutamate‐ co ‐γ‐methyl L ‐glutamate) copolypeptides was studied experimentally in nonaqueous solvents and the results compared with theory. It is found that the transition can be described by the same theory as for the homopolypeptides, but the corresponding parameters are not related in the expected way to those of the homopolymers, due to the effect of the side chains on the stability of the helix, which is not taken into account explicitly by the theory.
Assessment of Dermal Pesticide Exposure with Fluorescent Tracer: A Modification of a Visual Scoring System for Developing Countries (2005)

A semi-quantitative dermal exposure assessment method based on visual observations of fluorescence images was presented by Fenske in 1988. We adapted the method to Nicaraguan working conditions and evaluated its performance. Thirty-two farmers applied chlorpyrifos and methamidophos marked with Tinopal CBS-X(R). Skin fluorescent depositions were observed with a portable UV lamp in a foldaway darkened room. We modified the two components of the original system-extent by weighting the size of exposed body parts according to total body surface and intensity by establishing criteria for reading the fluorescence images. This resulted in body segment scores (BSSs) for specific body parts as well as two summary measures, contaminated body area (CBA) as the percentage of contaminated skin in relation to total body surface and total visual score (TVS) as an overall score combining extent and intensity of contamination. The scoring of intensity was evaluated with quantitative chemical residue analyses. Hands were the most frequently contaminated, and the back had the highest BSS. The CBA ranged between 1 and 66% and the TVS between 0.5 and 270. The farmer with the highest TVS scored 60% of the maximum possible. Residues increased with increasing fluorescence intensities with some misclassification. Fluorescent images reflected work practices and contamination mechanisms. In conclusion, the visual score, as modified by us, provides information on the body segments most contributing to dermal exposure and degree of skin contamination during pesticide applications. Fluorescence patterns reflect exposure routes. The system is low-cost and practical for developing countries. Further improvements are recommended.
Enhancing thermal radiation with nanoantennas to create infrared sources with high modulation rates (2018)

International audience
Surface immobilizable chelator for label-free electrical detection of pyrophosphate (2011)

A new pyrophosphate (PPi) chelator was designed for surface-sensitive electrical detection of biomolecular reactions. This article describes the synthesis of the PPi-selective receptor, its surface immobilization and application to label-free electrical detection on a silicon-based field-effect transistor (FET) sensor.
Reliability and Critical Applications of Tantalum Capacitors (2007)

Despite constant competition from aluminum and ceramic capacitors, tantalum (Ta) capacitors have been on the market for more than half a century. They still continue to grow, especially, relatively new types of Ta capacitors like Ta capacitors with conductive polymer cathode. The major parameters, which keep Ta capacitors on the market and make them attractive for use in electronic devices, are high volumetric efficiency (CV/cc), low Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) and Equivalent Series Inductance (ESL), highly stable characteristics with respect to voltage and temperature, and high stability over long periods of time (i.e., high reliability).
Creep, Strength and Moisture Absorption of Adhesive Bonded FRP Joints (1985)

The effects of the environment on adhesive bonded single lap joints formed using XMC-3 and SMC-R50 composites were investigated. Tests were performed at temperatures of 23C and 93C with test coupons immersed in air, water, and 5% NaCl water mixture. The weight changes of both bonded joints (XMC-3 to SMC-R50 and SMC-R50 to SMC-R50) and unbonded materials were measured. Data were also ob tained showing the effects of moisture, temperature, and applied load on changes in weight, on creep deformation, lap shear strength, and separation modes of the joints.
HA-966 antagonizes N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors through a selective interaction with the glycine modulatory site (1989)

3-Amino-1-hydroxypyrrolid-2-one (HA-966) has been known for several years as an excitatory amino acid antagonist, acting principally at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subtype. We report here that HA-966 blocks NMDA responses through a selective interaction with the glycine modulatory site present within the receptor complex. In radioligand binding experiments, HA-966 inhibited strychnine-insensitive 3H-glycine binding to rat cerebral cortex synaptic plasma membranes with an IC50 of 17.5 microM. At concentrations up to 1 mM, HA-966 caused minimal inhibition of radioligand binding to the transmitter recognition sites of the NMDA, quisqualate, or kainate receptor subtypes and was similarly inactive against the binding of 3H-strychnine to rat spinal cord/brain stem membranes. In electrophysiological experiments, HA-966 produced a selective block of NMDA responses in a rat cortical slice preparation. The degree of antagonism caused by HA-966 was maximal at 250 microM and was not increased further by raising the HA-966 concentration. Both glycine (1 mM) and D-serine (100 microM) reversed the antagonism of NMDA responses caused by HA-966. In patch-clamp experiments using rat cortical neurons in culture, HA-966 blocked the potentiation of NMDA responses by glycine but had little effect on basal NMDA responses themselves. This profile of antagonism differs from that observed with 7-chlorokynurenate, another recently discovered antagonist of the glycine site on the NMDA receptor (Kemp et al., 1988) and may indicate that glycine antagonists of differing efficacies can exist. Previous experiments with HA-966 may now be interpreted to suggest that activation of the glycine site on the NMDA receptor occurs in vivo and is important for the participation of NMDA receptors in synaptic transmission.
Young microspore-derived maize embryos show two domains with defined features also present in zygotic embryogenesis (2002)

In this work we report the existence of two domains in early microspore maize proembryos displaying similar features of zygotic embryogenesis. The large or so-called endosperm-like domain exhibits specific features: coenocytic organisation, synchronous mitosis, vacuolated cytoplasm, starch granules, incomplete walls containing callose and differential tubuline organisation. The small or embryo-like domain displays small polygonal uninucleate cells with typical organisation of proliferating cells. The structural organisation and the subcellular localization of specific cytoplasmic and cell wall components (starch, tubuline and callose) in both proembryo domains have been determined by using specific cytochemical and immunocytochemical methods. Four morphological types of proembryos containing both domains have been characterised. Taking into account their relative size, the high asynchrony of the culture and the homologies between structural features of endosperm-like domain and zygotic endosperm development, they could represent different stages in microspore embryogenesis development. The ZmAE1 and ZmAE3 genes expressed in the Embryo Surrounding Region of the endosperm during zygotic embryogenesis (Magnard et al., 2000), were revealed to be expressed in early microspore proembryos by in situ hybridization at light and electron microscopy levels. This data supports the existence of an endosperm-like function during early microspore embryogenesis and provides new insights into the onset of microspore embryogenesis in maize, and its parallelism with zygotic embryogenesis.
Extreme ultraviolet lithography for circuit fabrication at 0.1-μm feature size (1995)

Projection lithography is driven to shorter wavelengths to meet the demand for smaller critical dimensions in advanced computer chips. This trend logically extends to the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) region, where reduction imaging can be achieved using all-reflective optics. The wavelength region of primary interest is from 11 nm to 14 nm, where multilayer reflective coatings have demonstrated reflectivity greater than 60%. The leading candidate for a practical, compact source of EUV radiation is a laser plasma source, which provides sufficient conversion efficiency, about 1%, in the relevant bandwidth. This paper discusses the concept of EUV lithography bassed on a laser plasma source and describes a laboratory EUV lithography tool currently being characterized.
Oxidation by Oxygen and Sulfur of Tin(IV) Derivatives Containing a Redox‐Active <i>o</i>‐Amidophenolate Ligand (2008)

Oxidation of tin(IV) o-amidophenolate complexes [Sn(ap)Ph(2)] (1) and [Sn(ap)Et(2)(thf)] (2) (ap=dianion of 4,6-di-tert-butyl-N-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-o-iminobenzoquinone (ImQ)) with molecular oxygen and sulfur in toluene solutions was investigated. The reaction of oxygen with 1 at room temperature forms a paramagnetic derivative [Sn(isq)(2)Ph(2)] (3) (isq=radical anion of ImQ) and diphenyltin(IV) oxide [{Ph(2)SnO}(n)]. Interaction of 1 with sulfur gives another monophenyl-substituted paramagnetic tin(IV) complex, [Sn(ap)(isq)Ph] (4), and the sulfide, [Ph(3)Sn](2)S. The oxidation of 2 with oxygen and with sulfur proceeds through the derivative [Sn(isq)(2)Et(2)] (7), which undergoes alkyl elimination to give two new tin(IV) compounds, [Sn(ap)(isq)Et] (5) and [Sn(ap)(EtImQ)Et] (6) (EtImQ=2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-(2,6-diisopropylphenylimino)-3-ethylcyclohexa-1,4-dienolate ligand), respectively, along with the corresponding alkyltin(IV) oxide and sulfide. Complexes 3-5 and 7 were studied by EPR spectroscopy. The structures of 3, 4 and 6 were investigated by X-ray analysis.
RNAi and Functional Genomics in Plant Parasitic Nematodes (2009)

Plant nematology is currently undergoing a revolution with the availability of the first genome sequences as well as comprehensive expressed sequence tag (EST) libraries from a range of nematode species. Several strategies are being used to exploit this wealth of information. Comparative genomics is being used to explore the acquisition of novel genes associated with parasitic lifestyles. Functional analyses of nematode genes are moving toward larger scale studies including global transcriptome profiling. RNA interference (RNAi) has been shown to reduce expression of a range of plant parasitic nematode genes and is a powerful tool for functional analysis of nematode genes. RNAi-mediated suppression of genes essential for nematode development, survival, or parasitism is revealing new targets for nematode control. Plant nematology in the genomics era is now facing the challenge to develop RNAi screens adequate for high-throughput functional analyses.
Strong biquadratic coupling and antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic crossover in NiFe/Cu multilayers (1997)

We report clear manifestations of biquadratic exchange in the magnetoresistance (MR) of (110) single-crystal NiFe/Cu multilayers. Magnetoresistance curves show a low-field MR minimum which results from an asymmetric canting of the moments away from the applied magnetic field. The stability of these magnetic configurations indicates that the biquadratic coupling can be significantly stronger than the bilinear coupling. In samples with ferromagnetic (F) bilinear coupling the strength of both the bilinear and biquadratic coupling decays in the temperature range from 200 to 400 K. In samples that are coupled antiferromagnetically (AF) at room temperature, we observe a crossover from AF to F bilinear coupling as the temperature is lowered below 200 K. We attribute the strong biquadratic coupling and temperature dependence of the bilinear coupling to pinholes in the Cu spacer layers.
Surface Modification of SnO<sub>2</sub> Photoelectrodes in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Significant Improvements in Photovoltage via Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Atomic Layer Deposition (2010)

We report here the exploitation of ultrathin layers of Al2O3 deposited via atomic layer deposition (ALD) on SnO2 photoanodes used in dye-sensitized solar cells featuring the I3−/I− couple as the redox electrolyte. We find that a single ALD cycle of Al2O3 increases the lifetimes of injected electrons by more than 2 orders of magnitude. The modified SnO2 photoanode yields nearly a 2-fold improvement fill factor and a greater than 2-fold increase in open-circuit photovoltage, with a slight increase in short-circuit photocurrent. The overall energy conversion efficiency increases by roughly 5-fold. The effects appear to arise primarily from passivation of reactive, low-energy tin-oxide surface states, with band-edge shifts and tunneling based blocking behavior playing only secondary roles.
Elastic properties and microstructure of LPCVD polysilicon films (1996)

This paper investigates the influence of film thickness, high-temperature annealing and doping by ion implantation on Young's modulus and the residual stress of LPCVD polysilicon. Films with thicknesses between 100 nm and 800 nm were deposited at with a pressure of 100 mTorr. For annealing investigations, films were annealed in a nitrogen atmosphere for 2 hours at temperatures between 600 and . The implantation doses of boron and phosphorus varied between and . This corresponds to a doping concentration of and . Young's modulus and the residual stress were determined by load-deflection measurements with suspended membranes and by the use of ultrasonic surface waves. The microstructure of the film and grain size was studied by TEM analyses and texture variations were investigated by x-ray deflection. Although Young's modulus was found to be very stable, it showed a small dependence on film thickness and annealing temperature. It varied between 151 GPa and 166 GPa. The residual stress could be strongly influenced by film thickness (-420 MPa to -295 MPa), annealing temperature (-350 MPa to -20 MPa) and ion implantation (-560 MPa to +30 MPa). The as-deposited film always showed compressive stress, a pronounced texture and a grain size of around 55 nm. Strong correlations between the variations of the elastic properties and the variations in the film thickness, annealing temperature, grain size, mass density and refractive index were found. These correlations and the observed microstructure are used to develop a model for the origin of the compressive stress and for the mechanism of stress variation. A theoretical value for Young's modulus of textured polySi was calculated and corresponds well with the measured values.
Monitoreo de PostgreSQL con Munin (2011)

Una de los principales tareas del trabajo diario de un administrador de sistemas, redes o bases de datos es el monitoreo de recursos. Con herramientas adecuadas de monitoreo, el administrador puede no sÃ³lo detectar un problema antes de que cause interrupciones en la operaciÃ³n de los sistemas, sino que puede prevenir que ocurran, conociendo la evoluciÃ³n histÃ³rica de los valores relevantes.\nEn el presente trabajo presento el marco de recopilaciÃ³n y graficaciÃ³n de datos Munin, enfocÃ¡ndome a su uso para monitorear el gestor de base de datos relacional PostgreSQL, asÃ­ como en la flexiblilidad y facilidad con que administradores y programadores pueden adecuarlo para desarrollar plugins especÃ­ficos para el monitoreo de sus necesidades puntuales.
Study on an Indoor Tracking System Based on Primary and Assistant Infrared Markers (2007)

An indoor tracking system based on primary and assistant infrared markers is presented in this paper. The system can track the user's head in a large area with high stability and accuracy. And the price of the system is very low. The novel assistant infrared markers with particular spatial characteristic and the primary infrared markers with particular spatio-temporal characteristic are proposed, which can avoid the synchronization between infrared markers and user system. Various numbers of users can be supported by the proposed system and experimental result shows the effectiveness and robustness of the system.
Die Synthese langkettiger Fettsäuren II: Geradkettige Alkansäuren (1958)

Abstract Zur Kettenverlängerung von Fettsäuren werden deren Chloride an Äthylen angelagert zu Alkyl‐[β‐chlor‐äthyl]‐ketonen und diese durch Abspaltung von Chlorwasserstoff in die entsprechenden Vinylketone übergeführt, die durch Permanganant‐Oxydation α‐Keto‐fettsäuren liefern. Aus den Alkyl‐[β‐chloräthyl]‐ketonen erhält man über die Alkyl‐[β‐cyan‐äthyl]‐ketone die γ‐Keto‐fettsäuren, mit Hilfe von Natrium‐malonester δ‐Keto‐fettsäuren. Durch Reduktion der Ketosäuren werden die Fettsäuren mit entsprechend verlängerter Kette gewonnen.
Influence of the bimodal pore structure on the CO hydrogenation activity and selectivity of cobalt catalysts (2015)

The bimodal catalysts with larger second pore showed higher activity, methane selectivity and lower heavy hydrocarbon selectivity than that with smaller ones, under condition of the same first pore size.