gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Consistency is Not Easy: How to Use Two-Phase Update for Wildcard Rules? (2015)

The recent proposed two-phase mechanism is a provable theory to achieve consistent updates for SDN. However, how to make it work for practical rules is important yet unsolved-(1) two-phase mechanism requires that rules in the new configuration after an update are assigned with a distinct version number from rules in the old configuration before an update; but (2) setting rules in each configuration with a distinct version number causes serious rule-space overheads in practice due to the sophisticated “covered” relationships between practical wildcard rules. In this letter, we design a simple yet generic solution for the problem. By using well-designed wildcard-based version number matchings, we simplify the update procedure, make a stream of updates easy to be processed in parallel, and avoid all unwanted rule-space overheads. We think that our mechanism bridges the gap between the theory of two-phase consistent update and the practical issue of how to use it for today's networks.
An Experimental Study on Structure of Air-assist Spray with Air Entrainment (2001)

The effect of air entrainment in twin-fluid spray structure is investigated experimentally by varing the amount of itemizing air. The air entrainment is expected to affect on droplet size and velocity, droplet number density, turbulent kinetic energy and vorticity. PDA(Phase Doppler Anemometer) and PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry) system are used to measure those important factors in analyzing spray structure. The results show that spray structure consists of three distinctive regions ; the atomizing region near nozzle, characterizing strong convective effect, the central core region where droplets are accelerated, and the spray sheath region where droplets are decelerated due to air entrainment. The local air entrainment rate is largest near nozzle, characterizing strong turbulent kinetic energy and vorticity but deceases along axial distance.
A High-Power DC-DC Converter Topology for Battery Charging Applications (2017)

A DC-DC converter that can be applied for battery chargers with the power-capacity of over 7-kW for electric vehicles (EVs) is presented in this paper. Due to a new architecture, the proposed converter achieves a reduction of conduction losses at the primary side by as much as 50% and has many benefits such as much smaller circulating current, less duty-cycle loss, and lower secondary-voltage stress. In addition, its power handing capacity can be upsized easily with the use of two full-bridge inverters and two transformers. Besides, all the switches in the converter achieve zero-voltage switching (ZVS) during whole battery charging process, and the size of output filter can be significantly reduced. The circuit configuration, operation, and relevant analysis are presented, followed by the experiment on a prototype realized with a 7-kW charger. The experimental results validate the theoretical analysis and show the effectiveness of the proposed converter as battery charger.
A New Approximation of the Receive Minimum Distance and Its Application to MIMO Systems (2007)

A new method to approximate the receive minimum distance is presented. In the proposed approximation, the geometric mean of the singular values of the channel matrix is used instead of the conventional minimum singular value. Numerical experiments show that the proposed approximation has less mean squared error than the minimum singular value bound and outperforms the minimum singular value bound in terms of bit error rate when they are applied to the antenna subgroup selection system.
Finite element analysis of planar stress anisotropy and thermal behavior in thin films (1990)

To show the capability and diversity of finite element analysis, we calculate three-dimensional planar anisotropic stress distributions for various thin-film geometries and materials in response to thermal and electrical stimuli, for specific boundary conditions. The simulated residual film stresses are verified with acoustic microscopy measurements, substrate flexure measurements, and the use of thermal environment techniques. Simple shapes are analyzed as building blocks for more complex structures. Effects of nonlinear electrical resistance are also analyzed.
Antenna arrays for TDMA personal communication systems (2002)

This paper summarizes some of the antenna array work at Ericsson. Systems and receiver/transmitter structures are described and simulations are presented for TDMA systems.
On the Physiology of GIP and GLP-1 (2004)

Recent studies have indicated that GIP and GLP-1 are about as important as each other in the incretin effect, being released rapidly after meals and being active already at fasting glucose levels. Although the density of GLP-1 producing cells is higher distally, GlP-1 is normally secreted by jejunal L-cells, explaining the rapid onset of secretion. Moreover, many endocrine cells in the small intestine appear to produce both GIP and GLP-1. Both are metabolized rapidly by the dipeptidyl peptidase IV enzyme, but unlike GIP, about 90 % of GLP-1 is degraded before it reaches the systemic circulation. Apparently, before it is degraded, GLP-1 activates sensory afferents in the gastrointestinal mucosa with cell bodies in the nodose ganglion, signaling onwards to the brain stem and the hypothalamus. A similar mechanism seems to be involved in GLP-1's effect on gastrointestinal motility and secretion, and perhaps its actions on appetite and food intake, all of which may be even more physiologically important than its effects on the beta cells. Cardiovascular and neuroprotective actions of GLP-1 have also recently been reported. Regarding GIP, several lines of evidence suggest that GIP, in addition to its incretin effects, may affect lipid metabolism and promote lipid storage.
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention versus Coronary-Artery Bypass Grafting for Severe Coronary Artery Disease (2009)

CABG remains the standard of care for patients with three-vessel or left main coronary artery disease, since the use of CABG, as compared with PCI, resulted in lower rates of the combined end point of major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events at 1 year. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00114972.)
NOTCH3 Expression Is Induced in Mural Cells Through an Autoregulatory Loop That Requires Endothelial-Expressed JAGGED1 (2009)

Endothelial cells and mural cells (smooth muscle cells, pericytes, or fibroblasts) are known to communicate with one another. Their interactions not only serve to support fully functional blood vessels but also can regulate vessel assembly and differentiation or maturation. In an effort to better understand the molecular components of this heterotypic interaction, we used a 3D model of angiogenesis and screened for genes, which were modulated by coculturing of these 2 different cell types. In doing so, we discovered that NOTCH3 is one gene whose expression is robustly induced in mural cells by coculturing with endothelial cells. Knockdown by small interfering RNA revealed that NOTCH3 is necessary for endothelial-dependent mural cell differentiation, whereas overexpression of NOTCH3 is sufficient to promote smooth muscle gene expression. Moreover, NOTCH3 contributes to the proangiogenic abilities of mural cells cocultured with endothelial cells. Interestingly, we found that the expression of NOTCH3 is dependent on Notch signaling, because the gamma-secretase inhibitor DAPT blocked its upregulation. Furthermore, in mural cells, a dominant-negative Mastermind-like1 construct inhibited NOTCH3 expression, and endothelial-expressed JAGGED1 was required for its induction. Additionally, we demonstrated that NOTCH3 could promote its own expression and that of JAGGED1 in mural cells. Taken together, these data provide a mechanism by which endothelial cells induce the differentiation of mural cells through activation and induction of NOTCH3. These findings also suggest that NOTCH3 has the capacity to maintain a differentiated phenotype through a positive-feedback loop that includes both autoregulation and JAGGED1 expression.
Partial Purification and Characterization of Arf-sensitive Phospholipase D from Porcine Brain (1995)

Phospholipase D (PLD) activity from membranes of cultured cells can be activated by guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) and the small GTP-dependent protein, Arf. While this activity was readily apparent in membranes from HL60 cells, it was much lower or not observable in membranes from various mammalian tissues. However, extraction of porcine brain membranes with detergent and subsequent chromatography with SP-Sepharose revealed a large peak of Arf-sensitive PLD activity. This activity has been enriched through several steps of chromatography and characterized with respect to size, nucleotide specificity, and sensitivity to different Arf and Arf-like proteins. Hydrodynamic analysis indicated that the enriched PLD had an s20,w of 5.1 and a Stokes radius of 4.3 nm. These parameters indicate that the enzyme has an apparent molecular mass of 95,000 Da. Effective stimulation of the enriched enzyme was achieved with GTP as well as nonhydrolyzable analogs. All of the Arf subtypes tested were effective activators of PLD activity. Arf derived from yeast could activate mammalian PLD but with lower potency. The Arf-related Arl proteins were ineffective. PLD that has been highly enriched retained a requirement for phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate for efficient expression of activity. Additionally, the ability of recombinant or purified porcine brain Arf to stimulate PLD activity was reduced relative to impure fractions of Arf activity. Thus, porcine PLD that has been purified about 5,000-10,000-fold is synergistically activated by Arf in combination with other cytosolic components that are described in the accompanying paper (Singer, W. D., Brown, H. A., Bokoch, G. M., and Sternweis, P. C. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 14944-14950). Taken together, these data suggest that physiological regulation of Arf-sensitive PLD may involve the coordinate assembly of several interacting regulatory subunits.
Three-dimensional temporal image reconstruction of an object hidden in highly scattering media by time-gated optical tomography (1993)

Three-dimensional images of an object hidden in a thick highly scattering medium were reconstructed from sets of two-dimensional images obtained from a time-gated optical imaging system. CCD images were combined by use of the backprojection algorithm to render a three-dimensional picture on a personal computer monitor. The image quality varied with the delay of the Kerr gate system. When the reconstructions were produced by using the early light, submillimeter resolution was achieved with the optical time-gating tomographic technique.
First-principles high-throughput screening of shape-memory alloys based on energetic, dynamical, and structural properties (2017)

First-principles-based materials screening is systematically performed to discover new combinations of chemical elements possibly making shape-memory alloys (SMAs). The B2, D03, and L21 crystal structures are considered as the parent phases, and the 2H and 6M structures are considered as the martensitic phases. 3,384 binary and 3,243 ternary alloys (6,627 in total) with stoichiometric composition ratios are investigated by the materials screening in terms of energetic and dynamical stabilities of the martensitic phases as well as structural compatibility between the parent and the martensitic phases. 187 alloys are found to survive after the screening. Some of the surviving alloys are constituted by the chemical elements already widely used in SMAs, but other various metallic elements are also found in the surviving alloys. The energetic stability of the surviving alloys is further analyzed by comparison with the data in Materials Project Database (MPD) to examine the alloys which may occur phase separation or transition.
A hypertext knowledge based for primary care - LIMEDS in LINCKS (1989)

In organized health care, primary care is the first level. It is characterized by the wide span of health problems managed as well as remote location from traditional medical information and knowledge sources. The LIMEDS project has formulated the special requirements for integrated knowledge and data base management in primary care. This paper presents Gösta's book, a hypertext knowledge base implemented in LINCKS, an object oriented, networked database system. Firstly, aspects which make integrated hypermedia systems particularly suitable for application in primary health care are explored. We then describe the hypertext knowledge base, consisting of 500 basic text objects and 3000 links, and current implementations using the NODE data model. NODE is implemented on a SUN III fileserver, and the user interface for the hypertext context on Apple Macintosh (TM). Combination of design methods towards a parallel means-ends strategy was found to be necessary to achieve Gösta's book. Design groups need to be composed of computer science, medical, psychological and organizational competences.
Administration of Human Leukocyte Interferon in Herpes Zoster. I. Safety, Circulating Antiviral Activity, and Host Responses to Infection (1974)

Journal Article Administration of Human Leukocyte Interferon in Herpes Zoster. I. Safety, Circulating Antiviral Activity, and Host Responses to Infection Get access George W. Jordan, George W. Jordan From the Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Richard P. Fried, Richard P. Fried From the Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Thomas C. Merigan Thomas C. Merigan From the Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 130, Issue 1, July 1974, Pages 56–62, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/130.1.56 Published: 01 July 1974 Article history Received: 05 December 1973 Revision received: 19 February 1974 Published: 01 July 1974
Antifungal Activities of Posaconazole, Ravuconazole, and Voriconazole Compared to Those of Itraconazole and Amphotericin B against 239 Clinical Isolates of <i>Aspergillus</i> spp. and Other Filamentous Fungi: Report from SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 2000 (2002)

Posaconazole, ravuconazole, and voriconazole are new triazole derivatives that possess potent, broad-spectrum antifungal activity. We evaluated the in vitro activity of these investigational triazoles compared with that of itraconazole and amphotericin B against 239 clinical isolates of filamentous fungi from the SENTRY Program, including Aspergillus spp. (198 isolates), Fusarium spp. (7 isolates), Penicillium spp. (19 isolates), Rhizopus spp. (4 isolates), Mucor spp. (2 isolates), and miscellaneous species (9 isolates). The isolates were obtained from 16 different medical centers in the United States and Canada between January and December 2000. In vitro susceptibility testing was performed using the microdilution broth method outlined in the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards M38-P document. Overall, posaconazole was the most active compound, inhibiting 94% of isolates at a MIC of < or = 1 microg/ml, followed by voriconazole (91%), amphotericin B (89%), ravuconazole (88%), and itraconazole (70%). All three new triazoles demonstrated excellent activity (MIC, < or = 1 microg/ml) against Aspergillus spp. (114 Aspergillus fumigatus, 22 Aspergillus niger, 13 Aspergillus flavus, 9 Aspergillus versicolor, 8 Aspergillus terreus, and 32 Aspergillus spp.): posaconazole (98%), voriconazole (98%), ravuconazole (92%), amphotericin B (89%), and itraconazole (72%). None of the triazoles were active against Fusarium spp. (MIC at which 50% of the isolates tested were inhibited [MIC(50)], >8 microg/ml) or Mucor spp. (MIC(50), >8 microg/ml). Posaconazole and ravuconazole were more active than voriconazole against Rhizopus spp. (MIC(50), 1 to 2 microg/ml versus >8 microg/ml, respectively). Based on these results, all three new triazoles exhibited promising activity against Aspergillus spp. and other less commonly encountered isolates of filamentous fungi. The clinical value of these in vitro data remains to be seen, and in vitro-in vivo correlation is needed for both new and established antifungal agents. Surveillance efforts should be expanded in order to monitor the spectrum of filamentous fungal pathogens and their in vitro susceptibility as these new antifungal agents are introduced into clinical use.
SNOSID, a proteomic method for identification of cysteine S-nitrosylation sites in complex protein mixtures (2006)

Reversible addition of NO to Cys-sulfur in proteins, a modification termed S-nitrosylation, has emerged as a ubiquitous signaling mechanism for regulating diverse cellular processes. A key first-step toward elucidating the mechanism by which S-nitrosylation modulates a protein's function is specification of the targeted Cys (SNO-Cys) residue. To date, S-nitrosylation site specification has been laboriously tackled on a protein-by-protein basis. Here we describe a high-throughput proteomic approach that enables simultaneous identification of SNO-Cys sites and their cognate proteins in complex biological mixtures. The approach, termed SNOSID (SNO Site Identification), is a modification of the biotin-swap technique [Jaffrey, S. R., Erdjument-Bromage, H., Ferris, C. D., Tempst, P. & Snyder, S. H. (2001) Nat. Cell. Biol. 3, 193-197], comprising biotinylation of protein SNO-Cys residues, trypsinolysis, affinity purification of biotinylated-peptides, and amino acid sequencing by liquid chromatography tandem MS. With this approach, 68 SNO-Cys sites were specified on 56 distinct proteins in S-nitrosoglutathione-treated (2-10 microM) rat cerebellum lysates. In addition to enumerating these S-nitrosylation sites, the method revealed endogenous SNO-Cys modification sites on cerebellum proteins, including alpha-tubulin, beta-tubulin, GAPDH, and dihydropyrimidinase-related protein-2. Whereas these endogenous SNO proteins were previously recognized, we extend prior knowledge by specifying the SNO-Cys modification sites. Considering all 68 SNO-Cys sites identified, a machine learning approach failed to reveal a linear Cys-flanking motif that predicts stable transnitrosation by S-nitrosoglutathione under test conditions, suggesting that undefined 3D structural features determine S-nitrosylation specificity. SNOSID provides the first effective tool for unbiased elucidation of the SNO proteome, identifying Cys residues that undergo reversible S-nitrosylation.
An output‐buffered ATM switch in the multichannel bandwidth allocation environment (1991)

Abstract It is desirable in the high‐speed broadband communication network to satisfy the high‐level requirements for the communication quality for various communication services while efficiently utilizing the communication network resources. From such a viewpoint, Pattavina proposed a multichannel bandwidth allocation scheme and constructed an input‐buffered multichannel ATM switch based on the forementioned scheme. This paper follows his idea and discusses the construction of a multichannel ATM switch with buffers at both the input and the output, a well as with the buffer only at the output. A periodic channel assignment algorithm is proposed, aiming at the balanced load allocation among the channels of the same output channel group. The proposed algorithm helps to share efficiently the resources (buffer and channel) of the same output channel group and to realize an economical use of the buffer. The performance evaluation is made for the case where the buffer is provided only on the output side. It is shown as a result that the cell loss probability and the buffer size required to satisfy the specified loss probability are greatly reduced with the increase of the group size. It is shown also that a better throughput‐delay performance is obtained than that of the input‐buffered multichannel ATM switch.
Narrow-beam five-layer (GaAl)As/GaAs heterostructure lasers with low threshold and high peak power (1976)

A variety of (GaAl)As/GaAs heterostructure injection lasers have been fabricated with two pairs of heterojunctions, the inner pair for carrier confinement and the outer pair for optical confinement. Asymmetrical versions of this design have given, at one extreme, threshold current density Jt at 300 K as low as 500 A/cm2 and at the other extreme far-field angular beam widths to the half-power point of 15° with Jt&lt;1000 A/cm2, for 500-μm-long sawn cavity lasers with reflectors on one face. The incremental quantum efficiency from one end of 300-μm-long lasers with reflectors was over 40%. The peak optical power from lasers of 100 μm width was up to 3 W for 200-ns pulses. The temperature variation of threshold over the range 290–355 K was Jt355/Jt290∼1.5. Double-heterostructure lasers with narrow active layers and 20% AlAs confinement steps gave almost comparable performance in Jt and beam width (650 A/cm2 for 33° and 1200 A/cm2 for 15°), but the linearity of light versus current was poorer, the temperature sensitivity of threshold was Jt355/Jt290⩾2, and efficiency also dropped with temperature. The optical distribution has been calculated for various multilayer heterostructure waveguides and related both to the far-field beam width and to the threshold current. A universal gain/current density relation for the active layer has been deduced from the measurements and agrees reasonably with published theory.
The Role of Maintenance Therapy in Disseminated Testicular Cancer (1981)

We concluded a prospective study of the value of maintenance therapy in disseminated testicular cancer after chemotherapy-induced complete remission or chemotherapy cytoreduction followed by surgical resection of residual teratoma. A group of 171 patients were randomized to treatment consisting of cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin, or these drugs plus doxorubicin. There was no apparent difference between these two induction regimens. Complete remission was achieved in 113 patients (66 per cent), and 19 (11 per cent) were free of disease by surgical resection of residual tumor. Of the 171 who started, 113 were eligible to receive either maintenance doses of vinblastine (58 patients) or no further therapy (55 patients) after remission-induction therapy. There was a 9 per cent relapse rate during maintenance with vinblastine and a 7 per cent relapse rate with no maintenance therapy; the overall relapse rate was 8 per cent (nine of 113). Our data indicate that maintenance therapy is unnecessary in disseminated testicular cancer.