gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tunneling IPv6 through NAT with Teredo Mechanism (2005)

Teredo is a service that enables hosts located behind one or more IPv4 NATs to obtain IPv6 connectivity by tunneling packets over IPv4 UDP. Under the national IPv6 deployment project in Taiwan, we developed the first Linux-based Teredo service in 2003. In this paper, we explain how IPv6 candidates located behind NATs can enlist the help of "Teredo servers" and "Teredo relays" to learn their "global addresses" and to obtain connectivity, and how clients, servers and relays can be organized in Teredo networks. We also describe in details our strategies for implementing Teredo server and Teredo relay under Linux, and show the performance of different Teredo implementations in public domain.
Apprentissage par renforcement utilisant des réseaux de neurones, avec des applications au contrôle moteur (2002)

This thesis is a study of practical methods to estimate value functions with feedforward neural networks in model-based reinforcement learning. Focus is placed on problems in continuous time and space, such as motor-control tasks. In this work, the continuous TD(lambda) algorithm is refined to handle situations with discontinuous states and controls, and the vario-eta algorithm is proposed as a simple but efficient method to perform gradient descent. The main contributions of this thesis are experimental successes that clearly indicate the potential of feedforward neural networks to estimate high-dimensional value functions. Linear function approximators have been often preferred in reinforcement learning, but successful value function estimations in previous works are restricted to mechanical systems with very few degrees of freedom. The method presented in this thesis was tested successfully on an original task of learning to swim by a simulated articulated robot, with 4 control variables and 12 independent state variables, which is significantly more complex than problems that have been solved with linear function approximators so far.
Automatic system for rapid analysis of volatile compounds by purge‐and‐cold‐trapping/capillary gas chromatography (1985)

Abstract A system for automatic analysis of volatile compounds by purge‐and‐cold‐trapping/capillary gas chromatography is described. It is suitable for analysis of volatile compounds in a wide variety of samples, such as water, food products and environmental samples. Possibilities and limitations of the system are evaluated in relation to several parameters. The efficiency of different types of cryogenic trap (open tubular, coated, packed) is also investigated; it depends on purge‐flow rate, temperature of trapping, and total purge volume. Examples of the analysis of volatile compounds in foods and water are given.
Seizures and Epilepsy in the Elderly (1997)

Seizures and epilepsy in the elderly are an important and increasingly common clinical problem. Major known causes include cerebrovascular disease, brain tumor, degenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease and cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and toxic-metabolic syndromes such as nonketotic hyperglycemia, postcardiac arrest, and drug-induced seizures. Recognition of seizures may be complicated by relatively unique clinical presentations and differential diagnosis. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus may present as recurrent episodes of confusion. The electroencephalogram is less useful than in the pediatric age group, but has a role in the evaluation of a first seizure and may rarely show characteristic patterns, such as poststroke periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges. Convulsive status, especially that associated with drug toxicity, is associated with increased mortality in the elderly. Pharmacological treatment is complicated by age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and drug-drug and drug-disease interactions. Some of the new antiepileptic drugs may offer advantages for use in the elderly. Oxcarbazepine has fewer drug interactions than carbamazepine, and gabapentin has one, a reduction of felbamate renal elimination. Vigabatrin causes little cognitive dysfunction, while drugs that reduce excitatory amino acid neurotransmission, such as lamotrigine and felbamate, have potentially protective effects in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease. The use of barbiturates, primidone, the benzodiazepine clobazam, and the calcium blockers flunarizine and cinnarizine should preferably be avoided in the elderly.
Preferred Hearing Aid Gain and Bass-Cut in Relation to Prescriptive Fitting (1984)

The insertion gain versus frequency, preferred by a group of moderately hearing-impaired, elderly, untrained hearing aid users was investigated both in everyday listening situations and in an acoustically specified test situation in the laboratory. The subjects used experimental binaural hearing aids with modified controls, which could be easily and accurately operated. They adjusted both gain and bass-cut while using the aids. Preferred insertion gain was compared with recommendations from three methods of prescriptive fitting. These methods significantly overestimated preferred gain by about 10 dB. Preliminary fittings should allow a gain reserve of about 15 db. Intra-individually, a gain range of about 11 dB is often sufficient for different everyday situations.
Colorimetric microtiter plate based assay for detection and quantification of amplified <i>Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans</i> DNA (1995)

We developed a colorimetric microtiter plate-based assay for the detection and quantification of polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA fragment specific for Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. We amplified the 396-bp leukotoxin-specific DNA fragment by using two oligonucleotide primers, one carrying a biotin group at the 5' end and another one with a digoxigenin at the 5' end. Following amplification, the biotinylated polymerase chain reaction products were applied to a microtiter well precoated with avidin. The colorimetric detection and quantification were achieved by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using alkaline phosphatase-conjugated anti-digoxigenin antibody. The detection limit of the colorimetric assay was found to be as little as 500 fg of purified A. actinomycetemcomitans DNA and as few as 50 A. actinomycetemcomitans. Therefore, this colorimetric assay was able to estimate the amount of A. actinomycetemcomitans in subgingival plaque samples. We concluded that the colorimetric assay of the PCR product is a very useful method not only to detect the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans but also to quantify the amount of A. actinomycetemcomitans in large numbers of subgingival plaque samples.
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) mediates tumor cell interactions with microenvironment (2005)

Expression of CA IX is normally restricted to the mucosa of alimentary tract, but on the other hand, it takes place in a high percentage of human cancers derived from tissues which are normally CA IX-negative. It is a transmembrane protein with two extracellular domains: carbonic anhydrase (CA) with a high catalytic activity and a proteoglycan-like segment (PG), mediating cell-cell adhesion. Both CA and PG domains interact with the microenvironment and they could play a role in tumorigenesis, but their roles are poorly understood. The present work characterizes some newly recognized properties of the PG. One of them is a prevalently negative charge, caused by a high proportion of dicarboxylic amino acids. This is reflected by easy dissociation of complexes formed by PG either with monoclonal antibody M75 or with the cell surface receptor already at slightly acidic pH. This property might facilitate separation of cells from the primary tumor. Released cells may subsequently attach elsewhere in the organism and eventually start metastatic growth. Another aim of the present study was to identify human tumor cell lines which are expressing the presumed CA IX receptor molecule. The same cell lines were also tested for the presence of CA IX protein; we found that expression of CA IX and of the receptor is independent of each other. In addition, we examined the species specificity of CA IX receptors. The PG domain, which contains the epitope of mAb M75 -PGEEDLP- overlapping with the binding site for putative receptor is relatively conserved in evolution: human and rat CA IX cross-react with M75 antibody on western blots. Consistently with this, human and rat cells can attach to purified human CA IX protein. On the other hand, murine CA IX contains an entirely different equivalent of PG sequence and it does not react with M75 antibody or attach to human CA IX protein. This is suggestive of the co-evolution of CA IX protein together with its receptor.
Effect of Glyceric Acid Calcium Salt on the Viability of Ethanol-Dosed Gastric Cells (2011)

D-Glyceric acid (D-GA) calcium has been reported to accelerate ethanol oxidation in vivo in rats (Eriksson et al., Metabolism, 56, 895-898 (2007)). However, no other reports have shown that D-GA can reduce the harmful effects of ethanol. In this study, the effects of D-, L-, and DL-GA calcium on ethanol-dosed gastric cell viability were investigated using human gastric carcinoma cells (Kato III) and normal rat gastric mucosa cells (RGM1). Addition of 2% and 3 % ethanol to Kato III and RGM1 cells, respectively, decreased their cell viability by approximately 20-50 % after 24 or 72 h of cultivation. In 2 % ethanol-dosed Kato III cells cultivated for 24 h, addition of 0.002-20 µg/mL D- and L-GA calcium did not affect cell viability. Similarly, addition of less than 20 µg/mL DL-GA calcium did not affect cell viability. However, when 20 µg/mL DL-GA calcium was added, cell viability increased by 35.7 % after 72 h of incubation, compared to the viability of control cells without ethanol or GA. Addition of 20 µg/mL DL-GA calcium to 3 % ethanol-dosed RGM1 cells cultivated for 24 or 72 h also increased cell viability up to those observed in control cells. These results suggest that a racemic mixture of GA may have the strongest effect on enhancing the viability of ethanol-exposed cells.
Design of spherical parallel mechanisms for application to laparoscopic surgery (2002)

This paper addresses an optimal study of workspace for spherical parallel mechanism for laparoscopic surgery. The spherical parallel manipulator has been selected because of its characteristics. Two designs have been studied for maximizing their workspaces; a haptic device, as part of training system, and a laparoscope holding mechanism. The laparoscope holding mechanism has to satisfy additional constraints by minimizing the occupied space above the patient. The objective is to solve design problem to offer the maximal workspace for such mechanisms. The design of a haptic interface and the laparoscope holding mechanism based on the optimal parameters are presented. This paper presents a Genetic Algorithm (GA) approach for selecting optimal design parameters for maximizing workspace of spherical parallel mechanism.
<b>PhhR, a divergently transcribed activator of the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene cluster of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i></b> (1996)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa was recently found to possess a cluster of structural genes encoding phenylalanine hydroxylase (PhhA), carbinolamine dehydratase (PhhB), and aromatic aminotransferase (PhhC). We now report the presence, in the flanking upstream region, of a divergently transcribed gene (phhR) encoding an activator protein. Inactivation of phhR markedly reduced expression of the structural genes. PhhR belongs to the large prokaryote family of sigma 54 enhancer-binding proteins, and activation of the phh operon by PhhR in P. aeruginosa required rpoN. The closest homologues of PhhR are the TyrR proteins from Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae. E. coli TyrR is an unusual member of the homologue family in that the transcriptional units regulated by tyrR are driven by sigma 70 promoters. P. aeruginosa phhR was able to replace E. coli tyrR as a repressor of the aroF-tyrA operon (but not as an activator of mtr) in the heterologous E. coli system. Two regions that resemble E. coli TyrR boxes were identified in the intervening region between phhR and phhA. We propose that one or both boxes may be the target of PhhR acting as an autogenous repressor at a sigma 70 promoter in one direction. In the other direction, one or both boxes may be the upstream activator sequence targeted by PhhR to facilitate expression of the phh operon from a sigma 54 promoter. The phh operon was strongly induced in fructose- or glucose-based minimal medium by L-phenylalanine. Inactivation of phhR in P. aeruginosa abolished ability to utilize either L-phenylalanine or L-tyrosine as a sole source of carbon for growth.
Studies of plant oils as surface protectants against pulse beetle,<i>Callosobruchus chinensis</i>(l.) in chickpea,<i>Cicer arietinum</i>l. in India (1990)

Abstract The plant oils groundnut, coconut, mustard, sesame, soybean and rapeseed used as surface protectants at 1, 3 and 5 ml/kg of seed to test their efficacy against C. chinensis on a variety of chickpea resulted in significantly less oviposition on treated than untreated seeds. Least oviposition (34.3 eggs) occurred on seeds treated with mustard oil at 5 ml/kg, less with coconut oil at 5 ml/kg (46.0 eggs) and 3 ml/kg (47.3 eggs). Minimum percentage adult emergence (0.5) occurred from mustard oil‐treated seeds at 5 and 3 ml/kg, followed by groudnut (7.6), soybean (16.7) and rapeseed (6.2) oils used at 1 ml/kg. All the test oils adversely effected hatching and development of embryos, resulting in further population suppression. Seeds showed only 0.5% damage when treated with mustard oil at the rate of 5 and 3 ml/kg, and rapeseed at 5 ml/kg. Oil treatments did not adversely effect seed germination.
In-Stent Restenosis (2010)

The introduction of coronary stents marked a major turning point in the practice of interventional cardiology. Whereas the efficacy of balloon angioplasty was challenged both by immediate mechanical complications and by a high incidence of restenosis, coronary stents offered cardiologists a means by which to not only augment immediate procedural success, but also to reduce the incidence of restenosis following coronary intervention. However, despite technological advances and an improved understanding of the restenotic process, the overall rate of in-stent restenosis following bare metal stent implantation remains high. Although the introduction of drug-eluting stents has further reduced the incidence of restenosis, the "real-world" application of drug-eluting stents in increasingly complex lesion and patient subsets has given way to the even greater clinical challenge of managing drug-eluting stent restenosis. Although the standard treatment of bare metal stent restenosis typically involves placement of a drug-eluting stent, the optimal therapeutic approach to drug-eluting stent restenosis remains less defined. The issue of in-stent restenosis (especially following implantation of a drug-eluting stent) remains a clinical challenge, and investigation into therapeutic options remains ongoing. As technology evolves, such investigation will likely incorporate novel approaches including drug-coated balloons novel stent designs.
Design and control of an integrated haptic interface for touch screen applications (2013)

Le manque de retour tactile est un problème important pour les écrans tactiles actuels. Sans retour tactile, les utilisateurs doivent compter sur leur sens visuel pour interagir avec les écrans. En conséquence, les performances en interaction des utilisateurs sont détériorées et la charge de travail visuel est très importante. Cette thèse présente la conception et l évaluation d un dispositif à retours de force et tactile pour améliorer l interaction avec les écrans. Le dispositif est composé d un retour d effort à câbles et d un retour tactile basé sur l effet squeeze film . Le système à câbles comporte 4 câbles pour appliquer des efforts sur un ou deux doigts, grâce au contrôle de la tension des câbles. Il peut fournir du retour d effort à l utilisateur lorsque celui-ci attrape un objet virtuel et interagit avec d autres objets. Le système à retour tactile est basé sur la réduction contrôlée du frottement d une surface par effet squeeze film . Nous en proposons une modélisation analytique pour estimer la consommation énergétique ; nous avons utilisé ce modèle pour concevoir un stimulateur tactile large (198mm x 138mm) équipé de peu de piézo-céramiques pour sa mise en vibration, afin de diminuer la consommation. Ces deux systèmes peuvent être utilisés séparément et aussi de façon couplée pour fournir les deux retours simultanément lorsque l utilisateur touche une surface. Le système haptique complet a été évalué sur la simulation d une frontière. Par comparaison avec la configuration habituelle (retour d effort seul), le dispositif haptique complet permet une amélioration de la stimulation en laissant percevoir la frontière de façon plus raide et plus nette.
Avian liver prenyltransferase. The role of metal in substrate binding and the orientation of substrates during catalysis (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAvian liver prenyltransferase. The role of metal in substrate binding and the orientation of substrates during catalysisHarley L. King, Jr. and Hans C. RillingCite this: Biochemistry 1977, 16, 17, 3815–3819Publication Date (Print):August 23, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 23 August 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00636a015https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00636a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views95Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A neutralidade da tecnologia (2001)

Na programação da Embrapa, as culturas de exportação ocupam lugar de relevo? Claro que sim. As exportações são fundamentais tanto para saldar os compromissos externos do País como para gerar empregos urbanos e no meio rural. Ainda não existe produto agrícola exportado que não tenha sido consumido pelo povo brasileiro, seja direta ou indiretamente, na forma industrializada ou transformada em proteína animal. Assim, são a soja, o café, a cana-de-açúcar, o cacau, os bovinos, os suínos, as aves, o coco, as frutas e as hortaliças.
Continuous Delivery of Neurotrophin 3 by Gene Therapy Has a Neuroprotective Effect in Experimental Models of Diabetic and Acrylamide Neuropathies (2001)

Neurotrophic factors (NFs) are promising agents for the treatment of peripheral neuropathies such as diabetic neuropathy. However, the value of treatment with recombinant NF is limited by the short half-lives of these molecules, which reduces efficiency, and by their potential toxicity. We explored the use of intramuscular injection of a recombinant adenovirus encoding NT-3 (AdNT-3) to deliver sustained low doses of NT-3. We assessed its effect in two rat models: streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes, a model of early diabetic neuropathy characterized by demyelination, and acrylamide experimental neuropathy, a model of diffuse axonal neuropathy which, like late-onset human diabetic neuropathy, results in a diffuse sensorimotor neuropathy with dysautonomy. Treatment of STZ-diabetic rats with AdNT-3 partially prevented the slowing of motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities (p < 0.01 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Treatment with AdNT-3 of acrylamide-intoxicated rats prevented the slowing of motor and nerve conduction velocities (p < 0.001 and p < 0.0001, respectively) and the decrease in amplitude of compound muscle potentials (p < 0.0001), an index of denervation. Acrylamide-intoxicated rats treated with NT-3 had higher than control levels of muscle choline acetyltransferase activity (p < 0.05), suggesting greater muscle innervation. In addition, treatment of acrylamide-intoxicated rats with AdNT-3 significantly improved behavioral test results. Treatment with AdNT-3 was well tolerated with minimal muscle inflammation and no detectable general side effects. Therefore, our results suggest that NT-3 delivery by adenovirus-based gene therapy is a promising strategy for the prevention of both early diabetic neuropathy and axonal neuropathies, especially late axonal diabetic neuropathy.
New Phosphoramidite Reagents for the Synthesis of Oligonucleotides Containing a Cysteine Residue Useful in Peptide Conjugation (2000)

The preparation is described of four 2-cyanoethyl-N,N-diisopropyl phosphoramidites of N-alpha-Fmoc-S-protected cysteine hydroxyalkyl amides. The phosphoramidites were used in solid-phase synthesis of 5'-cysteinyl oligonucleotides, useful intermediates in the preparation of peptide-oligonucleotide conjugates through reaction with a maleimide peptide or with a peptide thioester via "native ligation".
Electronic and optical properties of <i>p</i>-type amorphous silicon and wide band-gap amorphous silicon carbide films prepared by photochemical vapor deposition (1984)

p-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films were prepared by the mercury photosensitized decomposition of a disilane-diborane gas mixture. With increased gaseous impurity ratio (diborane/disilane), the dark conductivity was enhanced. However, the optical band gap was reduced with increasing boron concentration as generally observed in glow discharge produced boron-doped a-Si:H films. Wide optical gap (2.0–2.5 eV) hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC:H) films were also prepared by the photochemical vapor deposition technique. Acetylene and dimethylsilane were used as the carbon source instead of methane which is usually used in glow discharge system. Moreover, wide optical-gap, p-type a-SiC:H films were photochemically prepared by adding diborane as an impurity to these gas mixtures. A dark conductivity of 3×10−7 (Ω cm)−1 was obtained for p-type a-SiC:H films with an optical band-gap energy of about 2.0 eV.
Flame Spray Synthesis of BaZr<sub>0.8</sub>Y<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>3–<i>δ</i></sub> Electrolyte Nanopowders for Intermediate Temperature Proton Conducting Fuel Cells (2015)

Abstract Flame Spray Synthesis (FSS) technique has been used for the preparation of BaZr 0.8 Y 0.2 O 3– δ (BZY20) nanoprecursors. The nanoprecursors were composed of a perovskite phase mixed with doped Zirconia and barium nitrate. Pure phase powder could be obtained after calcining the precursors at 1,200 °C. Both nanoprecursors and pure phase powder were then sintered at 1,600 °C to obtain dense specimen. AC impedance spectroscopy performed on the sintered samples allowed correlation of the electrical properties of the samples to their microstructures. The sintered nanoprecursors compared with the sintered pure phase powders showed enhanced grain growth associated with higher grain boundary conductivity. The influence of the reactive sintering on the enhanced grain growth and electrical properties in the nanoprecursors is discussed. The high total proton conductivity measured (7.7·10 −3 S cm −1 at 450 °C) promotes FSS as an effective powder synthesis method for the preparation of BZY20 electrolyte material for proton conducting fuel cells operating in the intermediate temperature range.