gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RNAi screening of the kinome with cytarabine in leukemias (2012)

To identify rational therapeutic combinations with cytarabine (Ara-C), we developed a high-throughput, small-interference RNA (siRNA) platform for myeloid leukemia cells. Of 572 kinases individually silenced in combination with Ara-C, silencing of 10 (1.7%) and 8 (1.4%) kinases strongly increased Ara-C activity in TF-1 and THP-1 cells, respectively. The strongest molecular concepts emerged around kinases involved in cell-cycle checkpoints and DNA-damage repair. In confirmatory siRNA assays, inhibition of WEE1 resulted in more potent and universal sensitization across myeloid cell lines than siRNA inhibition of PKMYT1, CHEK1, or ATR. Treatment of 8 acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cell lines with commercial and the first-in-class clinical WEE1 kinase inhibitor MK1775 confirmed sensitization to Ara-C up to 97-fold. Ex vivo, adding MK1775 substantially reduced viability in 13 of 14 AML, CML, and myelodysplastic syndrome patient samples compared with Ara-C alone. Maximum sensitization occurred at lower to moderate concentrations of both drugs. Induction of apoptosis was increased using a combination of Ara-C and MK1775 compared with using either drug alone. WEE1 is expressed in primary AML, ALL, and CML specimens. Data from this first siRNA-kinome sensitizer screen suggests that inhibiting WEE1 in combination with Ara-C is a rational combination for the treatment of myeloid and lymphoid leukemias.
Therapeutic plasma exchange for <scp>COVID‐19‐associated</scp> hyperviscosity (2020)

This series demonstrates the utility of TPE to rapidly correct increased blood viscosity in patients with COVID-19-associated hyperviscosity. Large randomized trials are needed to determine whether TPE may improve clinical outcomes for patients with COVID-19.
Switching loss minimised space vectorPWM methodfor IGBT three-level inverter (1997)

In the inverter-fed motor drive system, inverter output-current distortion is reduced by enhancing the switching frequency and the motor torque ripples; magnetic noise is also reduced as a consequence. However, the system efficiency is also reduced due to the switching loss; this, in turn, sets a limit on any further enhancement of the switching frequency. This is particularly the case for the IGBT three-level inverter, since it is used in high switching frequency applications: the number of switching devices is twice that of the two-level inverter, thus the switching loss problem is more serious. The authors describe a new PWM strategy for the three-level inverter with an ability to reduce switching loss. In comparison with conventional sinusoidal PWM methods generating almost the same distorted load current, every phase of the inverter can have its switching stopped for 120° in one period by this new method. According to the load power factor angle β, if β ≤ 30° the ‘no switching duration’ can be set just in the centre of the peak value region of the load current, hence the switching loss can be greatly reduced. The reduction of switching loss is not dependent on β.
Vision-assisted image editing (1999)

article Vision-assisted image editing Share on Author: Eric N. Mortensen Brigham Young University Brigham Young UniversityView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGGRAPH Computer GraphicsVolume 33Issue 4Nov.2000 pp 55–57https://doi.org/10.1145/345370.345410Online:04 November 1999Publication History 5citation336DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations5Total Downloads336Last 12 Months4Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
High Purity Isolation and Quantification of Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes <i>via</i> Column Chromatography (2013)

The isolation of semiconducting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to ultrahigh (ppb) purity is a prerequisite for their integration into high-performance electronic devices. Here, a method employing column chromatography is used to isolate semiconducting nanotubes to 99.9% purity. The study finds that by modifying the solution preparation step, both the metallic and semiconducting fraction are resolved and elute using a single surfactant system, allowing for multiple iterations. Iterative processing enables a far more rapid path to achieving the level of purities needed for high performance computing. After a single iteration, the metallic peak in the absorption spectra is completely attenuated. Although absorption spectroscopy is typically used to characterize CNT purity, it is found to be insufficient in quantifying solutions of high purity (>98 to 99%) due to low signal-to-noise in the metallic region of ultrahigh purity solutions. Therefore, a high throughput electrical testing method was developed to quantify the degree of separation by characterizing ∼4000 field-effect transistors fabricated from the separated nanotubes after multiple iterations of the process. The separation and characterization methods described here provide a path to produce the ultrahigh purity semiconducting CNT solutions needed for high performance electronics.
Surface Modified Methotrexate Loaded Erythrocytes for Enhanced Macrophage Uptake (2000)

The unique property of macrophages to distinguish between 'mature self' and 'senescent self' was applied for the enhanced macrophage uptake upon loading drugs into erythrocytes and provoking environment within which it gets translated into senescent cells. Two different approaches were applied one by depleting the sialic acid from the surface of cells and another by inducing hemichrome formation in the cells. Erythrocytes encapsulation of methotrexate was carried out by preswell dilution technique. Surface modification of erythrocytes was performed using desialation and hemichrome induction by treating with trypsin (Tt) and phenylhydrazine (PhT) respectively. Desialation technique was optimized in terms of concentration of trypsin, incubation temperature and time period. Both of these surface modified erythrocytes were characterized for in vitro macrophage uptake. In vivo organ localization was assessed by recording amount of drug present in different organs. The macrophage uptake of both surface modified erythrocytes was enhanced by almost 3-5 and 5-6 times with Tt and PhT cells, respectively. These new surface modified carriers are found to be excellent candidate for enhanced macrophage uptake and anticipated to be useful for any RES tumors.
Plasma Kallikrein Inhibitors in Cardiovascular Disease (2015)

Plasma prekallikrein is the liver-derived precursor of the trypsin-like serine protease plasma kallikrein, and circulates in plasma bound to high molecular weight kininogen. Plasma prekallikrein is activated to plasma kallikrein by activated factor XII or prolylcarboxypeptidase. Plasma kallikrein regulates the activity of multiple proteolytic cascades in the cardiovascular system such as the intrinsic pathway of coagulation, the kallikrein-kinin system, the fibrinolytic system, the renin-angiotensin system, and the complement pathways. As such, plasma kallikrein plays a central role in the pathogenesis of thrombosis, inflammation, and blood pressure regulation. Under physiological conditions, plasma kallikrein serves as a cardioprotective enzyme. However, its increased plasma concentration or hyperactivity perpetuates cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this article, we review the biochemistry and cell biology of plasma kallikrein and summarize data from preclinical and clinical studies that have established important functions of this serine protease in CVD states. Finally, we propose plasma kallikrein inhibitors as a novel class of drugs with potential therapeutic applications in the treatment of CVDs.
Drag and propulsion of large satellites in the ionosphere: An Alfvén propulsion engine in space (1965)

There is a motionally induced charge separation in a conductor moving across magnetic field lines. This charge may be conducted away, resulting in a dc current flow through the conductor if it moves through a plasma. The generation of Alfvén waves is a mechanism particularly effective for circulating the charge for very large conductors moving in or above the earth's ionosphere. This mechanism is studied in this paper and when applied to the analysis of the orbit of the Echo satellite is found to give rise to a significant damping of the motion as mechanical energy is converted to that of Alfvén radiation. The calculated drag is comparable to that observed for the orbit of Echo 1 and attributed in earlier studies entirely to the mechanical drag of considerable nonionized atmospheric density. Perturbations in electron density associated with this current flow may in appropriate circumstances be detectable even thousands of kilometers away from such a high altitude satellite. The drag can be changed to a propulsion mechanism when a source of electrical power is available on the satellite. Up to fifty per cent of the expended power is available for pushing a space vehicle across an ambient magnetic field.
Cytotoxicity of hypoxic cell sensitizers in multicell spheroids. (1980)

Multicell tumor spheroids of EMT6/Ro cells were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of several hypoxic cell sensitizers. The number of clonogenic cells per spheroid was determined after different exposure periods and concentrations of misonidazole, Ro-05-9963, and SR 2508 which have similar electron affinities. The kinetics of cytotoxicity were similar for each drug and the clonogenic fraction was reduced by about 0.5 to a plateau level after 24 hours at 3.0 mM for spheroids grown in 20% O2. Extended exposure periods caused additional cytotoxicity for both Ro-05-9963 and SR 2508. Lower concentrations (0.5 mM) of these sensitizers were not cytotoxic even in spheroids grown in low concentrations of oxygen (2.5% O2) to increase the hypoxic fraction. However, at cytotoxic concentrations (3.0 mM) spheroids grown in this low oxygen concentration exhibited almost twice as much cytotoxicity. No cytotoxicity was produced at 3.0 mM misonidazole in small spheroids without necrotic centers and hypoxic cells. In addition to being cytotoxic, continuous exposure of spheroids to high concentrations (3.0 mM) of misonidazole were cytostatic. The spheroid experiments were predictive of the relative effectiveness of the different sensitizers for EMT6/Ro tumors in vivo but the rate and extent of cytotoxicity was greater in tumors especially at low concentrations. In both spheroids and tumors there was little change in growth rate after 24 hours or single intraperitoneal exposures respectively, even with concentrations which reduced the clonogenic fraction by 0.9. This was related to a rapid repopulation of cells and increase in growth fraction after misonidazole cytotoxicity. Addition of adriamycin immediately after misonidazole cytotoxicity resulted in an apparent supra-additive overall response. The significance of these results for interpretation of tumor properties and responses in vivo and for tumor therapy were discussed.
Inactivation of Thirty Viruses by Gamma Radiation (1971)

Decimal reduction values ( D value) for 30 viruses were determined. The weighted D values of the viruses suspended in Eagle's minimum essential medium ranged from 0.39 to 0.53 Mrads. It was necessary to increase the radiation dose by a factor of >3 to inactivate virus suspended in Eagle's minimum essential medium as compared to the same virus suspended in distilled water. The destruction rate curves were of a first-order reaction.
Estrogen synthesis by osteoblast cell lines (1992)

Estrogens play a central role in modulating bone turnover and in the postmenopausal female are formed almost exclusively by peripheral conversion of sex steroid precursors derived from the adrenals. In this study we have demonstrated that three human osteoblastic cell lines [HOS, U20S (HTB96) and MG63] possess the enzymes necessary for estrogen synthesis and metabolism. Aromatase, estradiol 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (reductive and oxidative) and estrone sulfatase activities were measured in whole cell monolayers over a 20 h period by isotopic assay techniques. Significant aromatase activity was detected in all three cell lines ranging from 1.8 +/- 0.2 fmol/20 h/10(6) cells (mean +/- S.D., n = 3) for MG63 cells to 51 +/- 1.5 fmol/20 h/10(6) cells for HOS cells. The specific aromatase inhibitor, 4-hydroxyandrostenedione (1 mumol/L) completely inhibited aromatase activity in these cells. Two of the cell lines, HOS and MG63, had significant estradiol 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity with oxidative (32.7 +/- 1.9 and 1068.4 +/- 40.2 fmol/20 h/10(6) cells respectively) predominant over reductive activity (1.6 +/- 0.4 and 38.7 +/- 1.8 fmol/20 h/10(6) cells). All three cell lines were able to hydrolyse estrone sulfate to estrone with activities ranging from 13.3 +/- 1.5 fmol/20 h/10(6) cells for U20S cells to 482.2 +/- 3.7 fmol/20 h/10(6) cells for MG63 cells. Since estrogen has been implicated as a critical factor in the modulation of bone resorption and formation, the regulation of skeletal estrogen production, particularly at the time of the menopause, is likely to be an important mechanism by which bone volume is determined in physiological and pathological states.
The Development of a 1920×1080 Pixel Color CCD Camera Progressively Scanned at 60 Frames Per Second (1996)

A progressively-scanned video camera is under development using two 1920×1080 CCD sensors (made by Eastman Kodak) with square pixels in a 16:9 aspect ratio. One sensor does not have color filters and the other has color stripe filters. Detail luminance is derived from one sensor; color and low-resolution luminance is derived from the other. The camera output is progressively scanned at 60 frames per second. — If digitized, the output bit rate would be 2.4 gigabits per second. Consequently, subband coding will be used to compress the output to a bit stream that can be recorded on a D-1 or D-5 digital video recorder and still have enough “head room” for post-production processing. This paper will report on the status of the camera development and describe the options for providing good motion rendition without interlace artifacts by using progressive scan.
Functional Analysis of Three Plasmids from <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> (2005)

Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 harbors three plasmids, pWCFS101, pWCFS102, and pWCFS103, with sizes of 1,917, 2,365, and 36,069 bp, respectively. The two smaller plasmids are of unknown function and contain replication genes that are likely to function via the rolling-circle replication mechanism. The host range of the pWCFS101 replicon includes Lactobacillus species and Lactococcus lactis, while that of the pWCFS102 replicon also includes Carnobacterium maltaromaticum and Bacillus subtilis. The larger plasmid is predicted to replicate via the theta-type mechanism. The host range of its replicon seems restricted to L. plantarum. Cloning vectors were constructed based on the replicons of all three plasmids. Plasmid pWCFS103 was demonstrated to be a conjugative plasmid, as it could be transferred to L. plantarum NC8. It confers arsenate and arsenite resistance, which can be used as selective markers.
Mikroskopisch-chemischer Nachweis einer Nucleinsäure vom Typus der Thymonucleinsäure und die- darauf beruhende elektive Färbung von Zellkernen in mikroskopischen Präparaten. (1924)

Article Mikroskopisch-chemischer Nachweis einer Nucleinsäure vom Typus der Thymonucleinsäure und die- darauf beruhende elektive Färbung von Zellkernen in mikroskopischen Präparaten. was published on January 1, 1924 in the journal Biological Chemistry (volume 135, issue 5-6).
Indoor radio communications using time-division multiple access with cyclical slow frequency hopping and coding (2003)

The authors describe and analyze a flexible, robust, multichannel TDMA (time division multiple access) radio communications system that is ideally suited for portable as well as mobile indoor use. It uses noncoherent signalling and incorporates slow cyclical frequency hopping and burst-error-correcting coding to provide low-error communications at aggregate rates of several Mb/s without the need for antenna diversity or adaptive equalization. The system can be implemented in a small building with a centrally located antenna or in a large building with a distributed antenna system. The authors concentrate on the problem of communicating within one cell of a building.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A novel and simple route to catalysts with a high oxygen storage capacity: the direct room-temperature synthesis of CeO<sub>2</sub>–ZrO<sub>2</sub>solid solutions (1995)

High-energy mechanical alloying of pure CeO2 and ZrO2 at room temperature results in the formation of a single phase Ce1–xZrxO2 fluorite structured solid solution in all the examined composition ranges; the compounds are characterized by a high oxygen storage capacity and an excellent reducibility.
Regulation of plasma fibroblast growth factor 23 by calcium in primary hyperparathyroidism (2005)

Serum calcium may regulate circulating FGF-23 levels in PHPT.
Bile secretory function after warm hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat (2003)

Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury frequently is associated with cholestasis. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The aim of the study is to assess bile secretory function in vivo in rats subjected to warm lobar hepatic ischemia at different times during reperfusion. A model of lobar 70% warm hepatic ischemia for 30 minutes was used with studies conducted at 1 and 6 hours and 1, 3, and 7 days after reperfusion. Bile secretory function was assessed after selective cannulation of bile ducts of ischemic (ILs) and nonischemic lobes (NILs). Serum activity of hepatic alanine and aspartate aminotransferase was slightly increased in rats subjected to I-R, whereas serum bile salt levels increased early during reperfusion, returning to control values after 7 days. ILs showed mild reversible leukocyte infiltration and no significant necrosis. Bile flow and bile salt excretion were significantly decreased in ILs during the first 24-hour reperfusion period compared with sham-operated rats and NILs. A marked reduction in glutathione (GSH) excretion occurred at 1 and 6 hours and 1 and 3 days, which returned to control values after 7 days. Total GSH and both reduced and oxidized GSH levels in liver homogenate and arterial blood GSH levels were unchanged at all times. Protein mass of multidrug resistance protein 2 and its function, assessed by the hepatic maximum secretory rate of ceftriaxone, did not show significant changes in ILs or NILs compared with sham-operated rats. Liver tissue gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activities remained unchanged, whereas biliary GGT and cysteine secretory rates were significantly increased in ILs and NILs. Administration of acivicin, a GGT inhibitor, resulted in decreased secretion of this enzyme into bile and a parallel marked increase in biliary GSH secretion compared with untreated ischemic rats. In conclusion, warm hepatic I-R induces reversible cholestatic changes in ILs. GSH secretory rates from both ILs and NILs were markedly decreased during reperfusion. The reversibility of this effect after GGT inhibition, as well as increased release of active GGT into bile and cysteine biliary secretory rates, suggest increased GSH degradation in bile. These findings might be relevant for the I-R-induced clinical cholestasis, as well as cholangiocyte injury, seen after hepatic ischemia.
Speciation of Human Plasma High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL):  HDL Stability and Apolipoprotein A-I Partitioning (2007)

The distribution of apolipoprotein (apo) A-I between human high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and water is an important component of reverse cholesterol transport and the atheroprotective effects of HDL. Chaotropic perturbation (CP) with guanidinium chloride (Gdm-Cl) reveals HDL instability by inducing the unfolding and transfer of apo A-I but not apo A-II into the aqueous phase while forming larger apo A-I deficient HDL-like particles and small amounts of cholesteryl ester-rich microemulsions (CERMs). Our kinetic and hydrodynamic studies of the CP of HDL species separated according to size and density show that (1) CP mediated an increase in HDL size, which involves quasi-fusion of surface and core lipids, and release of lipid-free apo A-I (these processes correlate linearly), (2) >94% of the HDL lipids remain with an apo A-I deficient particle, (3) apo A-II remains associated with a very stable HDL-like particle even at high levels of Gdm-Cl, and (4) apo A-I unfolding and transfer from HDL to water vary among HDL subfractions with the larger and more buoyant species exhibiting greater stability. Our data indicate that apo A-I's on small HDL (HDL-S) are highly dynamic and, relative to apo A-I on the larger more mature HDL, partition more readily into the aqueous phase, where they initiate the formation of new HDL species. Our data suggest that the greater instability of HDL-S generates free apo A-I and an apo A-I deficient HDL-S that readily fuses with the more stable HDL-L. Thus, the presence of HDL-L drives the CP remodeling of HDL to an equilibrium with even larger HDL-L and more lipid-free apo A-I than with either HDL-L or HDL-S alone. Moreover, according to dilution studies of HDL in 3 M Gdm-Cl, CP of HDL fits a model of apo A-I partitioning between HDL phospholipids and water that is controlled by the principal of opposing forces. These findings suggest that the size and relative amount of HDL lipid determine the HDL stability and the fraction of apo A-I that partitions into the aqueous phase where it is destined for interaction with ABCA1 transporters, thereby initiating reverse cholesterol transport or, alternatively, renal clearance.
Novel susceptibility gene for late-onset NIDDM is localized to human chromosome 12q. (1998)

NIDDM has a substantial genetic component, but the nature of the genetic susceptibility is largely unknown. Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a genetically heterogeneous monogenic form of NIDDM characterized by an early age of onset and autosomal dominant inheritance, and linkage studies have identified genes that are mutated in different MODY pedigrees on chromosome 20 (MODY1 locus, hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha [HNF-4alpha] gene), chromosome 7 (MODY2 locus, glucokinase gene), and chromosome 12 (MODY3 locus, HNF-1alpha gene). We studied an extended pedigree in which multiple members are affected by late-onset NIDDM associated with insulin resistance and performed linkage analysis with four microsatellite markers in the MODY3 region of chromosome 12q. We found significant evidence for linkage between NIDDM and the MODY3 locus (logarithm of odds score 3.65 at theta = 0.008 telomeric to marker D12S321), but sequencing of the 10 exons and promoter of HNF-1alpha did not identify any causative mutation in this gene. Our results indicate that the region of chromosome 12q close to MODY3 harbors a novel susceptibility gene or genes for NIDDM.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis and Evaluation of 2‐Substituted‐7‐(alkylidene)cephalosporin Sulfones as β‐Lactamase Inhibitors. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.