gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Herniated Lumbar Intervertebral Discs Spontaneously Produce Matrix Metalloproteinases, Nitric Oxide, Interleukin-6, and Prostaglandin E2 (1996)

Study Design Herniated lumbar disc specimens were obtained from patients undergoing surgical discectomy for persistent radiculopathy and cultured in vitro to determine whether various biochemical agents were being produced. Objectives Our hypothesis is that biochemical mediators of inflammation and tissue degradation play a role in intervertebral disc degeneration and in the pathophysiology of radiculopathy. Summary of Background Data Low back pain with or without radiculopathy is a significant clinical problem, but the etiology of low back pain and the exact pathophysiology of radiculopathy remain elusive. The biochemical events that occur with intervertebral disc degeneration and, in particular, the role of biochemical mediators of inflammation and tissue degradation have received sparse attention in the literature. There is some preliminary evidence that inflammatory mediators may have an important role in the pathophysiology of radiculopathy. Methods Eighteen herniated lumbar discs were obtained from 15 patients undergoing disc surgery. The specimens were cultured and incubated for 72 hours, and the media were collected subsequently for biochemical analysis. Biochemical assays for matrix metaloproteinases, nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, and a variety of cytokines were performed. As a control group, eight lumbar disc specimens were obtained from four patients undergoing anterior surgery for scoliosis and traumatic burst fractures, and similar biochemical analyses were performed. Results The culture media from the herniated lumbar discs showed increased levels of matrix metalloproteinase activity compared with the control discs. Similarly, the levels of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, and interleukin-6 were significantly higher in the herniated discs compared with the control discs. Interleukin-1α, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein, and substance P were not detected in the culture media of either the herniated or control discs. Conclusions Herniated lumbar discs were making spontaneously increased amounts of matrix metalloproteinases, nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, and interleukin-6. These products may be involved intimately in the biochemistry of disc degeneration and the pathophysiology of radiculopathy. Their exact roles certainly need further investigation, but their mere presence implicates biochemical processes in intervertebral disc degeneration
The Increase in the Cesarean Birth Rate (1980)

THE threefold increase in the cesarean birth* rate that has occurred in the United States during the last 10 years has been a source of concern to both obstetricians and the general public.1 2 3 This article describes the factors underlying the change in reasons for operative delivery and several areas in which cesarean birth rates may be altered by changes in obstetrical practice.Until the 20th century, the prohibitively high rates of maternal mortality after cesarean birth limited its use as a surgical procedure. However, as technical advances in the procedure itself became available, along with techniques of antisepsis, maternal mortality . . .
Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance study of complexes of the type [Os3(CO)10H(X)] (1978)

A variable-temperature 13C n.m.r. spectroscopic study of complexes [Os3(CO)10H(X)](X = SEt, SPh, NBunH, OH, Cl, Br, I, CO2Me, or CO2CF3) has, in some instances, given conclusive proof of a carbonyl-exchange process involving polytopal rearrangement in an [Os(CO)4] unit.
The Effect of Chloride Ions on the Kinetics of the Oxidation of Chromium(II) by Iron(III) (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Effect of Chloride Ions on the Kinetics of the Oxidation of Chromium(II) by Iron(III)G. Dulz and N. SutinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 5, 829–832Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01059a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01059a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views112Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Real Walking in Virtual Environments for Factory Planning and Evaluation (2016)

Nowadays, buildings or production facilities are designed using specialized design software and building information modeling tools help to evaluate the resulting virtual mock-up. However, with current, primarily desktop based tools it is hard to evaluate human factors of such a design, for instance spatial constraints for workforces. This paper presents a new tool for factory planning and evaluation based on virtual reality that allows designers, planning experts, and workforces to walk naturally and freely within a virtual factory. Therefore, designs can be checked as if they were real before anything is built.
Reduced Pressure Electron Beam Welding in the Power Generation Industry (2005)

[in Japanese]
Apatite formation on ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer modified with silanol groups (1999)

The surfaces of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) substrates were modified with silanol (Si-OH) groups, and their apatite forming ability was examined in a simulated body fluid (SBF) with ion concentrations nearly equal to those of human blood plasma or in a solution with ion concentrations 1.5 times those of SBF (1.5SBF). The surface modification of EVOH was carried out by reacting 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane, followed by hydrolysis of the ethoxysilyl groups into Si-OH groups. However, no apatite formation was observed on the EVOH substrate thus modified, even after 3 weeks in SBF and 1.5SBF. The Si-OH modified EVOH substrate was further modified by hydrolysis and polycondensation of tetraethyoxysilane (TEOS). It was found that the apatite forms on the TEOS-modified substrate within 3 weeks in 1.5SBF. These results suggest that the presence of a large amount of Si-OH groups (i.e., a cluster of Si-OH groups) on the substrate is prerequisite to apatite formation in the body environment. Apatite-EVOH composites prepared by this process might be useful as hard tissues substitutes.
Genomic Collaboration of Estrogen Receptor α and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 2 in Regulating Gene and Proliferation Programs (2010)

The nuclear hormone receptor, estrogen receptor α (ERα), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play key roles in hormone-dependent cancers, and yet their interplay and the integration of their signaling inputs remain poorly understood. In these studies, we document that estrogen-occupied ERα activates and interacts with extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2), a downstream effector in the MAPK pathway, resulting in ERK2 and ERα colocalization at chromatin binding sites across the genome of breast cancer cells. This genomic colocalization, predominantly at conserved distal enhancer sites, requires the activation of both ERα and ERK2 and enables ERK2 modulation of estrogen-dependent gene expression and proliferation programs. The ERK2 substrate CREB1 was also activated and recruited to ERK2-bound chromatin following estrogen treatment and found to cooperate with ERα/ERK2 in regulating gene transcription and cell cycle progression. Our study reveals a novel paradigm with convergence of ERK2 and ERα at the chromatin level that positions this kinase to support nuclear receptor activities in crucial and direct ways, a mode of collaboration likely to underlie MAPK regulation of gene expression by other nuclear receptors as well.
Monetizing User Activity on Social Networks (2008)

In this work, we investigate techniques to monitize user activity on public forums, marketplaces and groups on social network sites. Our approach involves (a) identifying the monetization potential of user posts and (b) eliminating offtopic content in monetizable posts to use the most relevant keywords for advertising. Our first user study involving 30 users and data from MySpace and Facebook, shows that 52% of ad impressions shown after using our system were more targeted compared to the 30 % relevant impressions generated without using our system. A second smaller study suggests that profile ads that are based on user activity generate more interest than ads solely based on profile information.
Method of multi-channel calibration for digital array radar (2015)

Amplitude and phase errors among multi-channels in digital array radar will seriously deteriorate the performance of digital beam-forming (DBF) and high resolution direction finding. This paper describes a practical calibration algorithm that calibrates amplitude and phase errors coarsely using interior calibration source and then realizes precise calibration by eigen-decomposition approach. Based on an 8-elements digital array radar test-bed operating at L & S band, experiments are carried out in the anechoic chamber and outdoors. After calibration, the radiation pattern is nearly ideal and the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation of measured data achieves a good performance. The expected results illustrate that interior-auto calibration algorithm is fairly effective and feasible in actual systems.
Perpendicular Spin Torque Oscillator and Microwave-Assisted Magnetic Recording (2017)

This chapter discusses design of the perpendicular spin torque oscillator (PSTO). The transfer of the angular momentum in the oscillating layer generates a torque on the local magnetization, tilting the magnetization away from the perpendicular direction provided the current density is sufficient. Understanding the design parameter space for the PSTO is important. The fact that magnetization in oscillating layer can process in the film plane makes the perpendicular oscillator ideally suited for generating a localized ac magnetic field at the microwave frequency regime. The anisotropy field of the top segment should be significantly higher than that of present conventional perpendicular recording media because the effective gradient of the combined head field and PSTO ac field is substantially higher than that of the recording head field alone. The signal-to-noise ratio performance of the optimized perpendicular magnetic recording medium grain stack design is plotted in the figure, even though its energy barrier is too low to be viable at small grain pitches.
Prevention of infection in the treatment of one thousand and twenty-five open fractures of long bones (1976)

In 673 open fractures of long bones (tibia and fibula, femur, radius and ulna, and humerus) treated from 1955 to 1968 at Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, and analyzed retrospectively, the infection rate was 12 per cent from 1955 to 1960 and 5 per cent from 1961 to 1968. In a prospective study from 1969 to 1973, 352 patients were managed as follows: debridement and copious irrigation, primary closure for Type I and II fractures and secondary closure for Type III fractures, no primary internal fixation except in the presence of associated vascular injuries, cultures of all wounds, and oxacillin-ampicillin before surgery and for three days postoperatively. In 158 of the patients in the prospective study the initial wound cultures revealed bacterial growth in 70.3 per cent and the infection rate was 2.5 per cent. Sensitivity studies suggested that cephalosporin is currently the prophylactic antibiotic of choice. For the Type III open fractures (severe soft-tissue injury, segmental fracture, or traumatic amputation), the infection rates were 44 per cent in the retrospective study and 9 per cent in the prospective study.
Geometric deep learning on graphs and manifolds using mixture model CNNs (2016)

Deep learning has achieved a remarkable performance breakthrough in several fields, most notably in speech recognition, natural language processing, and computer vision. In particular, convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures currently produce state-of-the-art performance on a variety of image analysis tasks such as object detection and recognition. Most of deep learning research has so far focused on dealing with 1D, 2D, or 3D Euclidean-structured data such as acoustic signals, images, or videos. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in geometric deep learning, attempting to generalize deep learning methods to non-Euclidean structured data such as graphs and manifolds, with a variety of applications from the domains of network analysis, computational social science, or computer graphics. In this paper, we propose a unified framework allowing to generalize CNN architectures to non-Euclidean domains (graphs and manifolds) and learn local, stationary, and compositional task-specific features. We show that various non-Euclidean CNN methods previously proposed in the literature can be considered as particular instances of our framework. We test the proposed method on standard tasks from the realms of image-, graph- and 3D shape analysis and show that it consistently outperforms previous approaches.
Human T cell clones with specificity for insulinoma cell antigens (1989)

Several lines of evidence suggest that islet-specific T cells are important in the pathogenesis of the insulitis resulting in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Therefore, we decided to analyze islet-specific T cell reactivity in the peripheral blood of IDDM patients. With the use of insulinoma membranes as antigen, T cell lines were generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with recent onset of the disease. In a proliferation assay such T cell lines responded to insulinoma membranes and, though to a lesser extent, also to fibroblast membranes, the control antigen used. One of the T cell lines was cloned. Eight clones were isolated that respond to insulinoma antigens. Five of these eight clones appeared to be specific for insulinoma membranes, i.e. they demonstrated proliferation in response to insulinoma but not fibroblast membranes. These insulinoma-specific proliferative responses are HLA-DR restricted.
Synergistic action of stem‐cell factor and interleukin‐7 in a human immature T‐cell line (1999)

The thymus provides the microenvironment that is optimal for T-cell differentiation. The most immature cells in the human thymus express the stem-cell marker CD34 and they respond to cytokines, including stem-cell factor (SCF) and interleukin-7 (IL-7). For the normal progression of T-cell development these two cytokines appear to be vital. We have established and characterized a human pre-T-cell line, PER-487, which mirrors this requirement. This study shows that the simultaneous presence of IL-7 and SCF produces a proliferative response far exceeding additive effects. Furthermore, providing these signals in succession did not achieve the effect observed when they were provided simultaneously. This finding suggests that the effect was not mediated via secretion of molecules or modulation of surface expression. The convergence of the signal transduction pathways of the two cytokines is not known, thus cell line PER-487 provides a unique model for studying the synergistic interaction of IL-7 and SCF.
BRCA1/p220 loss triggers BRCA1-IRIS overexpression via<i>mRNA</i>stabilization in breast cancer cells (2012)

BRCA1/p220-assocaited and triple negative/basal-like (TN/BL) tumors are aggressive and incurable breast cancer diseases that share among other features the no/low BRCA1/p220 expression. Here we show that BRCA1/p220 silencing in normal human mammary epithelial (HME) cells reduces expression of two RNA-destabilizing proteins, namely AUF1 and pCBP2, both proteins bind and destabilize BRCA1-IRIS mRNA. BRCA1-IRIS overexpression in HME cells triggers expression of several TN/BL markers, e.g., cytokeratins 5 and 17, p-cadherin, EGFR and cyclin E as well as expression and activation of the pro-survival proteins; AKT and survivin. BRCA1-IRIS silencing in the TN/BL cell line, SUM149 or restoration of BRCA1/p220 expression in the mutant cell line, HCC1937 reduced expression of TN/BL markers, AKT and survivin and induced cell death. Collectively, we propose that BRCA1/p220 loss of expression or function triggers BRCA1-IRIS overexpression through a post-transcriptional mechanism, which in turn promotes formation of aggressive and invasive breast tumors by inducing expression of TN/BL and survival proteins.
Image interpolation using BPLP method on the eigenspace (2006)

Abstract In this paper the authors propose a method to use interpolation to eliminate characters in only one image with telops or other text through an image interpolation method that uses the eigenspace method. Background scenes and other images have a fractal character, and often the self‐correlation in the image can be assumed to be high. The authors focus on this point and represent rules for describing the image based on an eigenspace consisting of only one image that has defects. The eigenspace generated in this manner reflects the features of the image, and by using this eigenspace, image interpolation can be achieved. Although this interpolation method does not restore the original image, the authors confirmed through experimental results that it can provide interpolation without a feeling of oddness for images which have a high level of self‐correlation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 38(1): 87– 96, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/scj.10319.
Methods for the assessment of gastric emptying in humans: an overview. (1996)

A number of different methods are used for the measurement of gastric emptying in humans, and all have some advantages and disadvantages. The method of choice will depend on whether solid or liquid meals are to be studied, the level of precision required, the degree of invasiveness that the subject or patient will tolerate, ethical considerations, and the facilities available. It is easier to measure the emptying of liquid meals, but the emptying of solid meals is the true reflection of what happens during normal life, and is therefore of more clinical importance. Scintigraphy, with appropriate labelling of the test meal components and appropriate corrections applied to the images obtained, is the method of choice for clinical investigation of disturbed emptying patterns and can be applied to solid or liquid meals, but its application is limited by the need to restrict exposure to ionizing radiation. The double sampling gastric aspiration technique allows serial measurements of the composition of the gastric contents and of the volume and composition of gastric secretions but can be used only with liquid meals. Other imaging techniques (ultrasound, MRI) and epigastric impedance measurements produce results that correlate well with those obtained by scintigraphy or aspiration. MRI has the unique feature of allowing the physician to follow gastric emptying while at the same time being able to observe any morphological abnormalities which may contribute to abnormal gastric function. Tracer methods, such as following the appearance in blood of paracetamol, may be useful for screening purposes in large populations. Regardless of the method used, the investigator must be aware of the large interindividual variability which exists in the rate of gastric emptying in normal healthy individuals and of the factors known to influence the gastric pattern.
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-dependent energy depletion occurs through inhibition of glycolysis (2014)

Excessive poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) activation kills cells via a cell-death process designated "parthanatos" in which PAR induces the mitochondrial release and nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor to initiate chromatinolysis and cell death. Accompanying the formation of PAR are the reduction of cellular NAD(+) and energetic collapse, which have been thought to be caused by the consumption of cellular NAD(+) by PARP-1. Here we show that the bioenergetic collapse following PARP-1 activation is not dependent on NAD(+) depletion. Instead PARP-1 activation initiates glycolytic defects via PAR-dependent inhibition of hexokinase, which precedes the NAD(+) depletion in N-methyl-N-nitroso-N-nitroguanidine (MNNG)-treated cortical neurons. Mitochondrial defects are observed shortly after PARP-1 activation and are mediated largely through defective glycolysis, because supplementation of the mitochondrial substrates pyruvate and glutamine reverse the PARP-1-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. Depleting neurons of NAD(+) with FK866, a highly specific noncompetitive inhibitor of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, does not alter glycolysis or mitochondrial function. Hexokinase, the first regulatory enzyme to initiate glycolysis by converting glucose to glucose-6-phosphate, contains a strong PAR-binding motif. PAR binds to hexokinase and inhibits hexokinase activity in MNNG-treated cortical neurons. Preventing PAR formation with PAR glycohydrolase prevents the PAR-dependent inhibition of hexokinase. These results indicate that bioenergetic collapse induced by overactivation of PARP-1 is caused by PAR-dependent inhibition of glycolysis through inhibition of hexokinase.
Design Techniques to Reduce SET Pulse Widths in Deep-Submicron Combinational Logic (2007)

Analysis of 90 nm CMOS SET response quantifies the interaction between charge collection and charge redistribution in a matched-current-drive inverter chain. It is shown that the SET pulse width difference between an n-hit and p-hit is due to parasitic bipolar amplification on the PMOS device. This difference is exploited to optimize transistor sizing and n-well contact layout for SET RHBD in combinational logic.