gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AMMP-EXTN: A User Privacy and Collaboration Control Framework for a Multi-User Collaboratory Virtual Reality System (2022)

In this thesis, we propose a new design of privacy and session control for improving a collaborative molecular modeling CVR system AMMP-VIS [1]. The design mainly addresses the issue of competing user interests and privacy protection coordination. Based on our investigation of AMMP-VIS, we propose a four-level access control structure for collaborative sessions and dynamic action priority specification for manipulations on shared molecular models. Our design allows a single user to participate in multiple simultaneous sessions. Moreover, a messaging system with text chatting and system broadcasting functionality is included. A 2D user interface [2] for easy command invocation is developed in Python. Two other key aspects of system implementation, the collaboration Central deployment and the 2D GUI for control are also discussed. Finally, we describe our system evaluation plan which is based on an improved cognitive walkthrough and heuristic evaluation as well as statistical usage data.
Gated photodetector based on GaN/AlGaN heterostructurefieldeffect transistor (1995)

The authors report a 0.2 µm gate GaN/AlGaN heterostructure field effect transistor which operates as a visible blind photodetector with responsivities as high as 3000 A/W for wavelengths from 200 to 365 nm. The responsivity falls by three orders of magnitude for wavelengths greater than 365 nm. Using a CW He-Cd laser (wavelength 325 nm), we measured a response time of order 0.2 ms. A model explaining the detector operation is in good agreement with the experimental data.
The ecology of infectious and neoplastic disease: a conceptual unification. (1983)

The ecology of disease is framed in conceptual terms as the study of the relationships of entities and events in the natural history of disease, a definition allowing it to embrace both the infectious and neoplastic (i.e. chronic, non-infectious) diseases. Those relationships of most conceptual interest and operational relevance are the causal relationships, and thus the ecology of disease properly embraces both epidemiologic and pathologic theory. The classic epidemiologic triad of 'agent-host-environment' is integrated into hierarchical, natural historical frameworks embracing both disease causation and course. Within these ecologic frameworks and based upon discipline-related concepts of causation, it is possible to derive conceptual/operational criteria of causality applicable to both infectious and neoplastic diseases. As approaches to the comprehension of infectious and neoplastic disease share considerable conceptual common ground, it follows that approaches to their control share considerable operational common ground. Indeed, insofar as actions follow ideas, the ecology of disease provides the basis for medical ecology and the planning, conduct and evaluation of overall operational approaches to the control of disease, to include both preventive and therapeutic interventions. From these perspectives, contemporary approaches to the control of neoplastic diseases seem to be derived largely from clinical-pathologic viewpoints of effectual disease process and emphasize non-specific (agent-unrelated) therapeutic interventions. Those general approaches most successful in controlling infectious diseases (i.e. preventive interventions and agent/defect-specific therapeutic interventions) need greater emphasis and application in approaches to controlling neoplastic diseases.
A field study of knowledge workers&#x2019; use of interactive horizontal displays (2008)

To better understand the potential for horizontal surfaces in day-to-day work, we conducted a field study. We collected and analyzed over a month of use data from eight participants who used horizontal displays in conjunction with their existing office computer setups. Our analysis of the system logs, observations, and interview data from the study reveals clear differences in preference and use patterns for horizontal and vertical display configurations. Based on these findings, we formulate hardware and software design guidelines that would increase the utility of interactive horizontal displays for office scenarios.
Current status of clinical trials assessing oncolytic virus therapy for urological cancers (2017)

Oncolytic virus therapy has recently been recognized as a promising new option for cancer treatment. Oncolytic viruses replicate selectively in cancer cells, thus killing them without harming normal cells. Notably, T-VEC (talimogene laherparepvec, formerly called OncoVEX<sup>GM</sup><sup>-</sup><sup>CSF</sup> ), an oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of inoperable melanoma in October 2015, and was subsequently approved in Europe and Australia in 2016. The efficacies of many types of oncolytic viruses against urological cancers have been investigated in preclinical studies during the past decade, and some have already been tested in clinical trials. For example, a phase I trial of the third-generation oncolytic Herpes simplex virus type 1, G47Δ, in patients with prostate cancer was completed in 2016. We summarize the current status of clinical trials of oncolytic virus therapy in patients with the three major urological cancers: prostate, bladder and renal cell cancers. In addition to Herpes simplex virus type 1, adenoviruses, reoviruses, vaccinia virus, Sendai virus and Newcastle disease virus have also been used as parental viruses in these trials. We believe that oncolytic virus therapy is likely to become an important and major treatment option for urological cancers in the near future.
Coupling Assembly of the E-Cadherin/β-Catenin Complex to Efficient Endoplasmic Reticulum Exit and Basal-lateral Membrane Targeting of E-Cadherin in Polarized MDCK Cells (1999)

The E-cadherin/catenin complex regulates Ca++-dependent cell-cell adhesion and is localized to the basal-lateral membrane of polarized epithelial cells. Little is known about mechanisms of complex assembly or intracellular trafficking, or how these processes might ultimately regulate adhesion functions of the complex at the cell surface. The cytoplasmic domain of E-cadherin contains two putative basal-lateral sorting motifs, which are homologous to sorting signals in the low density lipoprotein receptor, but an alanine scan across tyrosine residues in these motifs did not affect the fidelity of newly synthesized E-cadherin delivery to the basal-lateral membrane of MDCK cells. Nevertheless, sorting signals are located in the cytoplasmic domain since a chimeric protein (GP2CAD1), comprising the extracellular domain of GP2 (an apical membrane protein) and the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of E-cadherin, was efficiently and specifically delivered to the basal-lateral membrane. Systematic deletion and recombination of specific regions of the cytoplasmic domain of GP2CAD1 resulted in delivery of <10% of these newly synthesized proteins to both apical and basal-lateral membrane domains. Significantly, >90% of each mutant protein was retained in the ER. None of these mutants formed a strong interaction with beta-catenin, which normally occurs shortly after E-cadherin synthesis. In addition, a simple deletion mutation of E-cadherin that lacks beta-catenin binding is also localized intracellularly. Thus, beta-catenin binding to the whole cytoplasmic domain of E-cadherin correlates with efficient and targeted delivery of E-cadherin to the lateral plasma membrane. In this capacity, we suggest that beta-catenin acts as a chauffeur, to facilitate transport of E-cadherin out of the ER and the plasma membrane.
An Experimental Investigation on Flow Boiling of Ethylene-Glycol/Water Mixtures (2003)

Mixtures of ethylene glycol and water are used in cooling the engines in automotive applications. Heat is transferred essentially under subcooled flow boiling conditions as the mixture flows over the hot surfaces, which are at temperatures well above the local saturation temperature of the mixture. Very little information is available in the literature on the subcooled flow boiling characteristics of this mixture. The present work focuses on obtaining experimental heat transfer data for water and its mixtures containing ethylene-glycol (0 to 40 percent mass fraction, limited by the maximum allowable temperature in the present setup) in the subcooled flow boiling region. The experimental setup is designed to obtain local heat transfer coefficients over a small circular aluminum heater surface, 9.5-mm in diameter, placed at the bottom 40-mm wide wall of a rectangular channel 3-mm×40-mm in cross-section. Available models for (a) subcooled flow boiling of pure liquids and (b) saturated flow boiling of binary mixtures are extended to model the subcooled flow boiling of binary mixtures.
Boosted Regeneration and Reduced Denervated Muscle Atrophy by NeuroHeal in a Pre-clinical Model of Lumbar Root Avulsion with Delayed Reimplantation (2017)

The "gold standard" treatment of patients with spinal root injuries consists of delayed surgical reconnection of nerves. The sooner, the better, but problems such as injury-induced motor neuronal death and muscle atrophy due to long-term denervation mean that normal movement is not restored. Herein we describe a preclinical model of root avulsion with delayed reimplantation of lumbar roots that was used to establish a new adjuvant pharmacological treatment. Chronic treatment (up to 6 months) with NeuroHeal, a new combination drug therapy identified using a systems biology approach, exerted long-lasting neuroprotection, reduced gliosis and matrix proteoglycan content, accelerated nerve regeneration by activating the AKT pathway, promoted the formation of functional neuromuscular junctions, and reduced denervation-induced muscular atrophy. Thus, NeuroHeal is a promising treatment for spinal nerve root injuries and axonal regeneration after trauma.
FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPE EXAMINATION OF BACTERIA IN SOIL (1948)

By the staining of soil with the fluorescent dye acridinorange and examination of the stained soil under the fluorescence microscope, it is possible to observe directly the living bacteria of soil in their autochthonic condition. All humus substances are stained red in color. The bacteria, living on the humus particles, are of green fluorescence and give an excellent contrast against the red background. The bacteria are vitally stained and can be used for culture experiments. Using this method in some soil tests the autochthonic bacteria of soil have been investigated qualitatively and quantitatively.
Synthesis of (–)-Cytoxazone, a Novel Cytokine Modulator Isolated fromStreptomyces sp. (1999)

Cytoxazone [(4R,5R)-(–)-5-hydroxymethyl-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxazolidinone, 1], a new immunosuppressant, was synthesized by starting from p-methoxycinnamyl alcohol (2) employing the Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation as the key reaction in 26% overall yield (7 steps).
Ocular fatigue is the major symptom of dry eye (1993)

A total of 524 consecutive new patients (195 male, 329 female, 43.4 +/- 20.8 y.o.) were evaluated for the presence of ocular fatigue and/or dry eye. Dry eye was diagnosed based on our criteria, which included symptoms, vital staining, break-up time (BUT) measurement, and the Schirmer test. Among all the patients, 21.2% (111/524) reported symptoms of ocular fatigue and 15.3% (80/524) were diagnosed as having dry eye with symptoms. Of the 111 patients who complained of ocular fatigue, 51.4% (57/111) had dry eye, which was significantly higher than the 15.3% for the entire group (p < 0.001). Additionally, 71.3% (57/80) of dry eye patients with symptoms complained of ocular fatigue, which was also significantly higher than the 21.2% among all patients (p < 0.001). Dry eye patients had a greater number of complaints (4.3 +/- 2.1 per patient) compared to controls (1.9 +/- 1.3 per patient) (p < 0.001). These findings suggest that there is a strong relation between ocular fatigue and dry eye.
Monitoring of power transformers using the transfer function method (1999)

The transfer function concept is well known as an additional method of evaluating the impulse test of power transformers in the test laboratory, Another application for this method is monitoring of power transformers in service. According to the method of how to measure transient signals for the calculation of transfer functions, two kinds of monitoring can be distinguished: off-line and on-line monitoring. Both kinds of monitoring as well as their influencing factors are discussed with on-site measurements on power transformers in service.
Bendix Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (1956)

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Resistance Switching Characteristics Induced by O<sub>2</sub> Plasma Treatment of an Indium Tin Oxide Film for Use as an Insulator in Resistive Random Access Memory (2017)

In this study, an O<sub>2</sub> inductively coupled plasma (ICP) treatment was developed in order to modify the characteristics of indium tin oxide (ITO) film for use as an insulator in resistive random access memory (RRAM). After the O<sub>2</sub> plasma treatment, the previously conductive ITO film is oxidized and becomes less conductive. In addition, after capping the same ITO material for use as a top electrode, we found that the ITO/ITO(O<sub>2</sub> plasma)/TiN device exhibits very stable and robust resistive switching characteristics. On the contrary, the nontreated ITO film for use as an insulator in the ITO/ITO/TiN device cannot perform resistance switching behaviors. The material analysis initially investigated the ITO film characteristics with and without O<sub>2</sub> plasma treatment. The surface was less rough after O<sub>2</sub> plasma treatment. However, the molar concentration of each element and measured sheet resistance results for the O<sub>2</sub>-plasma-treated ITO film were dramatically modified. Next, electrical measurements were carried out to examine the resistance switching stability under continuous DC and AC operation in this ITO/ITO(O<sub>2</sub> plasma)/TiN device. Reliability tests, including endurance and retention, also proved its capability for use in data storage applications. In addition to these electrical measurements, current fitting method experiments at different temperatures were performed to examine and confirm the resistance switching mechanisms. This easily fabricated device, using a simple material combination, achieves excellent performance by using ITO with an O<sub>2</sub> plasma treatment and can further the abilities of RRAM for use in remarkable potential applications.
Growth Of Large-Diameter Crystals By Hem Tmfor Optical And Laser Applications (1984)

The Heat Exchanger Method (HEM), a new crystal growth process, is in commercial production for 20 cm diameter sapphire crystals and 40 cm diameter silicon ingots for optical applications. The simplicity of the HEM combined with a very high degree of control of the submerged, solid-liquid interface allows growth of high-quality crystals. The HEM is also being adapted for the growth of Co:MgF<sub>2</sub>, Ti:A1<sub>2</sub>0<sub>3</sub> and Cr:A1<sub>2</sub>0<sub>3</sub> crystals for laser applications.
Azimuthal Registration of Image Sequences Affected by Nonuniform Rotation Distortion (2008)

Imaging modalities that use a mechanically rotated endoscopic probe to scan a tubular volume, such as an artery, often suffer from image degradation due to nonuniform rotation distortion (NURD). In this paper, we present a new method to align individual lines in a sequence of images. It is based on dynamic time warping, finding a continuous path through a cost matrix that measures the similarity between regions of two frames being aligned. The path represents the angular mismatch corresponding to the NURD. The prime advantage of this novel approach compared to earlier work is the line-to-line continuity, which accurately captures slow intraframe variations in rotational velocity of the probe. The algorithm is optimized using data from a clinically available intravascular optical coherence tomography (OCT) instrument in a realistic vessel phantom. Its efficacy is demonstrated on an in vivo recording, and compared with conventional global rotation block matching. Intravascular OCT is a particularly challenging modality for motion correction because, in clinical situations, the image is generally undersampled, and correlation between the speckle in different lines or frames is absent. The algorithm can be adapted to ingest data frame-by-frame, and can be implemented to work in real time.
Online Gaze Disparity via Bioncular Eye Tracking on Stereoscopic Displays (2012)

We report on progress in the development of an online system to allow the estimation of eye tracked 3D gaze depth in a stereoscopic environment. The efficacy of our method is demonstrated in two distinctly different configurations: a custom Wheatstone stereoscope, and a commodity active stereo graphics display. We employ a 3D calibration process that determines the parameters of an affine mapping from a depth estimate, based on triangulation using onscreen horizontal disparity, to a refined depth estimate. Triangulation accounts for most of the non-linearity in the transform, and our calibration accounts for individual differences in eye separation and vergence behavior. We demonstrate that, although different binocular eye trackers are used with each display, our approach to online estimation of gaze depth performs similarly on both systems. Importantly, results show that depth estimation error is biased toward the display screen, underestimating target distance from the screen both behind and in front of the screen.
Organized Surfactant Assemblies in Supercritical Fluids (1988)

Reverse micelle and microemulsion solutions are mixtures of a surfactant, a nonpolar fluid and a polar solvent (typically water) which contain organized surfactant assemblies. The properties of a micelle phase in supercritical propane and ethane have been characterized by conductivity, density, and solubility measurements. The phase behavior of surfactant-supercritical fluid solutions is shown to be dependent on pressure, in contrast to liquid systems where pressure has little or no effect. Potential applications of this new class of solvents are discussed.
Designing macroporous polymers from particle-stabilized foams (2010)

Particle-stabilized liquid foams provide a general route for producing low-density macroporous materials from melt-processable and intractable thermoplastic polymers. In this paper, we demonstrate how these liquid foams can be used to design macroporous polymers with tailored microstructures and properties by adjusting the various processing parameters. By varying the size, concentration, and wettability of the particles in the colloidal suspensions and controlling the frothing, drying, and sintering conditions, macroporous materials with porosities between 33 and 95% and median pore sizes (D50) between 13 and 634 μm were obtained. This foaming process is applicable to a wide range of hydrophobic materials and is demonstrated here on commercially available polymeric powders of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE), poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), poly(ether imide) (PEI), and poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK).
An interleaved tcm scheme for single carrier multiple transmit antenna systems (2006)

Single carrier (SC) block transmission with frequency domain equalization (FDE) in multi-path fading channels is considered. It is shown that uncoded SC-FDE is resistant to fading even though the multi-path diversity cannot be harnessed. We propose simple schemes based on concatenations of trellis coded modulation (TCM) and interleaving for single and multiple transmit antennas to improve the coding gain, which also exploit spatial diversity in the multi antenna case
Stacked Quantizers for Compositional Vector Compression (2014)

Recently, Babenko and Lempitsky introduced Additive Quantization (AQ), a generalization of Product Quantization (PQ) where a non-independent set of codebooks is used to compress vectors into small binary codes. Unfortunately, under this scheme encoding cannot be done independently in each codebook, and optimal encoding is an NP-hard problem. In this paper, we observe that PQ and AQ are both compositional quantizers that lie on the extremes of the codebook dependence-independence assumption, and explore an intermediate approach that exploits a hierarchical structure in the codebooks. This results in a method that achieves quantization error on par with or lower than AQ, while being several orders of magnitude faster. We perform a complexity analysis of PQ, AQ and our method, and evaluate our approach on standard benchmarks of SIFT and GIST descriptors, as well as on new datasets of features obtained from state-of-the-art convolutional neural networks.
Purification and characterization of phenylacetaldehyde reductase from a styrene-assimilating Corynebacterium strain, ST-10 (1997)

A novel phenylacetaldehyde reductase was purified about 50-fold to homogeneity from Corynebacterium sp. strain ST-10, which can assimilate gaseous styrene as the sole carbon and energy source. The enzyme was inductively synthesized when grown on gaseous styrene and had an important role in styrene metabolism in vivo. The enzyme had a molecular weight of 155,000 and was composed of four identical subunits (molecular weight, 42,000). The enzyme catalyzed the reduction of not only phenylacetaldehyde but also various aldehydes and ketones; however, it did not catalyze the reverse reaction, the dehydrogenation of 2-phenylethanol. The enzyme required NADH as a cofactor and showed no activity with NADPH; therefore, it was defined as an NADH-dependent phenylacetaldehyde reductase. The enzyme stereospecifically produced (S)-(-)-1-phenylethanol from acetophenone; therefore, it would be useful as a biocatalyst.
Biomimetic S-Layer Supported Lipid Membranes (2006)

The present review focuses on a unique biomolecular construction kit including surface-layer (S-layer) proteins as basic building blocks and patterning elements, but also major classes of biological molecules such as (membrane) proteins, lipids, and heteropolysaccharides for the design of functional S-layer supported lipid membranes. The biomimetic approach copying the supramolecular building principle of most archaeal cell envelopes composed of a plasma membrane and a closely associated S-layer lattice has resulted in robust lipid membranes. Reconstitution of responsive transmembrane proteins has been demonstrated in lipid membranes generated on S-layer-coated substrates and electrodes. This is a particular challenge as one-third of all proteins are membrane proteins such as pore-forming proteins, ion channels or receptors. Hence membrane proteins are a preferred target for pharmaceuticals (currently more than 60% of all consumed drugs). This novel type of supported lipid membrane is seen as one of the most innovative strategies in membrane protein-based nanobiotechnology with potential applications that range from pharmaceutical (high-throughput) drug screening over lipid (bio)chips to the detection of biological warfare agents.