gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A sub-10mW real-time implementation for EMG hand gesture recognition based on a multi-core biomedical SoC (2017)

Real-time biosignal classification in power-constrained embedded applications is a key step in designing portable e-health devices requiring hardware integration along with concurrent signal processing. This paper presents an application based on a novel biomedical System-On-Chip (SoC) for signal acquisition and processing combining a homogeneous multi-core cluster with a versatile bio-potential front-end. The presented implementation acquires raw EMG signals from 3 passive gel-electrodes and classifies 3 hand gestures using a Support Vector Machine (SVM) pattern recognition algorithm. Performance matches state-of-the-art high-end systems both in terms of recognition accuracy (> 85%) and of real-time execution (gesture recognition time ≪300 ms). The power consumption of the employed biomedical SoC is below 10mW, outperforming implementations on commercial MCUs by a factor of 10, ensuring a battery life of up to 160 hours with a common Li-ion 1600 mAh battery.
Release and purification of fimbriae from Bordetella pertussis. (1985)

A competitive ELISA has been used to monitor the release of fimbriae from 1.2.3 serotype of B. pertussis after treatment by different methods and fimbriae have been purified from homogenates or KSCN extracts by chromatography. Fimbriae purified from different serotypes have been studied by inhibition of bacterial agglutination, immunodiffusion and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Fimbriae purified from a 1.2 serotype have been labelled in immunoelectron microscopy with a IgM monoclonal antibody to agglutinogen 2 and evidence is presented that fimbriae purified from a 1.3 serotype also carry the agglutinogen 3 specificity. A difference in subunit molecular weight has been found between fimbriae purified from 1.2 and 1.3 serotypes.
Development without germ cells: The role of the germ line in zebrafish sex differentiation (2005)

The progenitors of the gametes, the primordial germ cells (PGCs) are typically specified early in the development in positions, which are distinct from the gonad. These cells then migrate toward the gonad where they differentiate into sperms and eggs. Here, we study the role of the germ cells in somatic development and particularly the role of the germ line in the sex differentiation in zebrafish. To this end, we ablated the germ cells using two independent methods and followed the development of the experimental fish. First, PGCs were ablated by knocking down the function of dead end, a gene important for the survival of this lineage. Second, a method to eliminate the PGCs using the toxin-antitoxin components of the parD bacterial genetic system was used. Specifically, we expressed a bacterial toxin Kid preferentially in the PGCs and at the same time protected somatic cells by uniformly expressing the specific antidote Kis. Our results demonstrate an unexpected role for the germ line in promoting female development because PGC-ablated fish invariably developed as males.
Survival of Canada Goose Goslings, Bear River Refuge, Utah, 1937 (1938)

In a recent study of the nesting of Canada geese on the Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, Utah,1 it was found that in 84 nests 331 goslings were successfully hatched, an average of 3.9 birds to a brood. It then became desirable from a management standpoint to discover and evaluate any limiting factors that might influence the gosling population. Accordingly a series of counts both of the number of broods
Wireless communication technologies for ITS applications [Topics in Automotive Networking (2010)

Intelligent transport systems are the rising technology in the near future to build cooperative vehicular networks in which a variety of different ITS applications are expected to communicate with a variety of different units. Therefore, the demand for highly customized communication channel for each or sets of similar ITS applications is increased. This article explores the capabilities of available wireless communication technologies in order to produce a win-win situation while selecting suitable carrier( s) for a single application or a profile of similar applications. Communication requirements for future ITS applications are described to select the best available communication interface for the target application(s).
Effect of the Lipid Chain Melting Transition on the Stability of DSPE-PEG(2000) Micelles (2009)

Micellar nanoparticles are showing promise as carriers of diagnostic and therapeutic biofunctionality, leading to increased interest in their properties and behavior, particularly their size, shape, and stability. This work investigates the physical chemistry of micelles formed from DSPE-PEG(2000) monomers as it pertains to these properties. A melting transition in the lipid core of spheroidal DSPE-PEG(2000) micelles is observed as an endothermic peak at 12.8 degrees C upon heating in differential scanning calorimetry thermograms. Bulky PEG(2000) head groups prevent regular crystalline packing of lipids in both the low-temperature glassy and high-temperature fluid phases, as evidenced by wide-angle X-ray scattering. Equilibrium micelle geometry is spheroidal above and below the transition temperature, indicating that the entropic penalty to force the PEG brush into flat geometry is greater than the enthalpic benefit to the glassy core to pack in an extended configuration. Increased micelle stability is seen in the glassy phase with monomer desorption rates significantly lower than in the fluid phase. Activation energies for monomer desorption are 156+/-6.7 and 79+/-5.0 kJ/mol for the glassy and fluid phases, respectively. The observation of a glass transition that increases micelle stability but does not perturb micelle geometry is useful for the design of more effective biofunctional micelles.
Monoclonal antibody neutralizes the sporozoite stage of different <i>Theileria parva</i> stocks (1984)

Monoclonal antibodies were raised against sporozoites of Theileria parva. One of these antibodies (MAbD1) neutralized the infectivity of sporozoites for lymphocytes in vitro and for cattle in vivo. Neutralization seemed to occur by blocking sporozoite entry into the cell. MAbD1 neutralized sporozoites of four unrelated stocks of T. parva, indicating the presence of a common antigenic determinant which may be important in initiating protective immunity.
Some considerations on the current debate about typing resolution in solid organ transplantation (2016)

NGS has the potential to improve the transplant rates and the overall graft survival. Alternative strategies to increase in demanding the number of transplants are briefly highlighted.
Relation between friction and hardness (1952)

Abstract Although hardness has little effect on friction there is evidence that in general the friction is less with harder metals. Experiments on a carefully selected series of copper beryllium alloys show that the friction decreases linearly with the hardness. For a given load the amount of plastic deformation at the points of intimate contact is greater for a soft metal. It is suggested that this deformation facilitates disruption of the oxide film so that for softer metals the proportion of oxide-free junctions is greater. The resulting frictional force is therefore higher.
Ultraviolet curing imprint lithography on flexible indium tin oxide substrates (2006)

In this study, an imprint lithography technique was performed to transfer patterns onto indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrates by embossing an etch barrier on the substrates and curing them under irradiation at room temperature. The etch barriers containing glycidyl methacrylate were spectrally analyzed to verify that they were deposited on the ITO-PET substrates firmly and rapidly with minimum variation in dimensions. To fabricate the ITO patterns, the substrate was etched by reactive-ion etching to eradicate the residual layers and by wet etching to carve the undisplaced ITO lines. Scanning electron microscopy observation and profilometric analysis for these processes showed only about 2% of linewidth shrinkage after polymer cross linking, easily compensated in mask design in applications. Also, the 150nm of ruled features on the pattern were successfully transferred using the same resist. Moreover, the flexible ITO patterns illuminated the practical electroluminescence device, verifying that UV-curing imprint lithography is feasible for patterning ITO-PET surfaces.
Comparison of the Proteosomes and Antigenicities of Secreted and Cellular Proteins Produced by<i>Mycobacterium paratuberculosis</i> (2006)

The protein expression profiles and antigenicities of both culture filtrates (CF) and cellular extracts (CE) of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis were compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), one-dimensional electrophoresis (1-DE) and 2-DE immunoblotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The CF proteins were harvested from supernatants of stationary-phase liquid cultures and concentrated by size exclusion filtration. The CE proteins were extracted by mechanical disruption of cells using glass beads and a high-speed agitator. Analysis of SDS-PAGE gels showed that the majority of CF proteins had low molecular masses (<50 kDa), whereas CE protein mass ranged more evenly over a broader range up to 100 kDa. By 2-DE, CF proteins had a narrow array of pI values, with most being between pH 4.0 and 5.5; CE proteins spanned pI values from pH 4.0 to 7.0. The antigenicities of CF and CE proteins were first determined by 1-DE and 2-DE immunoblotting with serum from a cow naturally infected with M. paratuberculosis. The serum reacted strongly to more proteins in the CF than the CE. Sera from 444 infected and 412 uninfected cattle were tested by ELISA with CF and CE as solid-phase antigens. Receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis of the ELISA results showed a significantly greater area under the curve for CF compared to CE (P<0.05). A high degree of variability in protein binding patterns was shown with 1-DE immunoblot analysis with 31 sera from M. paratuberculosis-infected cattle. Collectively, these results indicate that serologic tests for bovine paratuberculosis may be improved by using proteins derived from CF instead of CE. To maximize the diagnostic sensitivity of serologic tests, multiple proteins will be required. Even so, a CF ELISA may not be able to detect all M. paratuberculosis-infected cattle, in particular those in the early stages of infection that have yet to mount an antibody response.
Partial purification and properties of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthetase from human erythrocytes: evidence that enzyme activity is a sensitive indicator of lead exposure (1990)

We have examined properties of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) synthetase from human erythrocytes. The enzyme was found to be cold labile and extremely unstable in crude hemolysate, with complete loss of activity occurring after 24 hours at 4 degrees C. However, maintenance of crude hemolysate at 20 to 25 degrees C in the presence of EDTA and KCl increased NAD synthetase stability substantially (half- life = 10 days). Using these conditions, NAD synthetase was purified 3,100-fold with a 29% yield using DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and dialysis. The apparent Michaelis- Menten constants for nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (NAAD), adenosine triphosphate, Mg2+, glutamine, and K+ were 0.108, 0.154, 1.36, 2.17, and 8.32 mmol/L, respectively. The pH optimum ranged between 6.8 and 7.4, and the molecular weight was estimated to be 483 +/- 5 Kd. The enzyme was markedly inhibited by Pb2+ and Zn2+, with concentrations necessary for 50% inhibition of activity of 1.3 and 2.0 mumol/L, respectively. The incubation of intact red blood cells with lead followed by rigorous washing to remove lead abolished nearly all NAD synthetase activity. In contrast, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, which is not sensitive to lead, was unaffected, whereas pyrimidine 5′-nucleotidase activity, which is sensitive to lead, was decreased 30% to 50% under these conditions. More importantly, patients with lead overburden (34 to 72 micrograms Pb2+/dL blood) all had markedly decreased NAD synthetase activity. These data together with other results suggest that erythrocyte NAD synthetase activity is a sensitive indicator of lead exposure in humans.
Reversal of postmenopausal vertebral bone loss by oestrogen and progestogen: a double blind placebo controlled study (1988)

Because of uncertainty about the place of hormones in the treatment of postmenopausal bone loss vertebral and forearm bone loss was measured by absorptiometry in early postmenopausal women before and after continuous or sequential treatment with combined oestrogen and progestogen in a double blind placebo controlled trial. Treatment with hormones significantly reversed the vertebral bone loss. The net gain in vertebral bone density amounted to 6.4% a year with continuous supplementation and 5.4% a year with sequential supplementation; the net gain in forearm bone density was lower (3.6% with continuous and 3.7% with sequential supplementation). Before a policy of supplementation with hormones can be recommended to all postmenopausal women with the aim of reducing the incidence of vertebral crush fractures further studies with different doses and combinations of hormones, administered over several years, are needed.
An adaptive beam control technique for diversity gain maximization in LEO satellite to ground transmissions (2016)

The earth observation missions have improved its sensor performance, it results in a huge amount of data to be stored and transmitted to a ground station. Although, satellite to ground transmitter had been usually used X band, migration to Ka band has been studied in recent years for broadband transmission. Relative to X band, higher frequency has severe atmospheric effects, site diversity is one of the popular technique to mitigate rain attenuation. However, if Signal to Noise power Ratio (SNR) is different between receivers because of receiving antenna gain and rain attenuation, diversity gain decreases. This paper proposes novel beam controlling method to improve SNR performance for satellite to ground transmission. The proposed method estimates SNR in each of candidate transmitting antenna boresight, and update boresight in order to be equal SNR between receivers. Simulation results show that, proposed method improves SNR especially at a low elevation angle.
Intelligent Magnetic Bubble Memories and Their Applications in Data Base Management Systems (1979)

We are concerned here with the design of intelligent magnetic bubble memories which may be used to support high-level data base management functions. They may also be used to provide users with large work spaces in which elementary file processing operations may be performed without external intervention. It is our intent to explore ways of incorporating in the design of these memories the novel chip organizations and unique features of magnetic bubble memories. In particular, we evaluate the performance of various memory organizations and storage organizations for different magnetic bubble chips. Retrieval times per word and per page are the parameters used to evaluate the different memory organizations. Performance of hierarchical bubble memory systems are discussed. The data rearrangement operations capable of being carried out in bubble memories are incorporated in the design of elementary file processing operations and basic relational algebraic operations. An architecture of intelligent magnetic bubble memory designed to support the relational data model and to enhance a relational algebraic interface is described.
Background-Oriented Schlieren Imaging of Supersonic Aircraft in Flight (2020)

This paper describes the development and use of background-oriented schlieren imaging of a full-scale supersonic jet in flight. A series of flight tests was performed in April 2011, October 2014, February 2015, and December 2018 using the flora of the desert floor in the supersonic flight corridor near the Edwards Air Force Base as a background. Flight planning was designed based on the camera resolution, the mean size and color of the predominant plants, and coordination of several aircraft. Image processing was done with both cross correlation and optical flow algorithms. The planning proved to be effective, and the vast majority of the passes of the target aircraft were successfully recorded. Results were obtained that are the most detailed schlieren imagery of an aircraft in flight to date.
Tissue-Specific Superoxide Generation at Interaction Sites in Resistant and Susceptible Near-Isogenic Barley Lines Attacked by the Powdery Mildew Fungus (<i>Erysiphe graminis</i> f. sp. <i>hordei</i>) (1998)

The pathogenesis-related, azide-insensitive generation of superoxide anions (O 2 - ) was comparatively analyzed in near-isogenic barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Pallas) lines carrying the powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei) resistance genes Mla12, Mlg, and mlo5, respectively, by the microscopic detection of nitroblue tetra-zolium (NBT) reduction to dark blue formazan dyes. These genes govern fungal arrest at different stages of the interaction: (i) at the penetration stage within cell wall appositions (papillae) leaving the attacked cell alive (mlo); (ii) within papillae of cells that subsequently undergo a hypersensitive cell death (HR) (Mlg); or (iii) after penetration by a subsequent HR (Mla12). The susceptible parent line Pallas showed a transient O 2 - generation in penetrated epidermal cells at 18 h after inoculation (hai), whereas epidermal cells of the resistant BCPMla12 produced O 2 - over a longer time range (by 18 to 36 hai) preceding cell death. No oxidative burst was detected in association with penetration resistance due to effective papillae (BCPMlg and BCPmlo5) although Mlg specified an HR subsequent to fungal arrest. Hence, O 2 - generation in attacked epidermal cells was a result of fungal penetration of the host cell walls and subsequent contact with the host plasma membrane, and not a requirement for HR elicitation. O 2 - generation in the mesophyll tissue beneath attacked cells was associated with the response mediated by the genes Mla12 and Mlg. However, only BCPMla12 showed mesophyll cell death. The data indicate that, in barley, O 2 - accumulation is not a single key determinant of HR in response to a powdery mildew attack.
A code division multiplex using manchester‐coded orthogonal sequences (1992)

Abstract There has been increasing interest recently in code division multiplex (CDM) systems. The authors reported a CDM system using pseudo‐orthogonal Manchester‐coded M‐sequence pairs. For this CDM system, the effective energy per bit in the received signals is reduced ( M + 1)/2 M times as much as the transmitted energy per bit. Moreover, the bit error rate (BER) of the 3 M ‐plex system, which uses the “ a ‐chip‐shift” multiplex operation alone, does not converge on zero even if E b /N 0 increases. This paper proposes a CDM system using Manchester‐coded orthogonal sequences which consists of an M‐sequence M chip and an additional chip. The proposed 3 M ‐plex system is a combination of the “ a ‐chip‐shift” multiplex operation and the amplitude multiplex operation. The proposed systems do not have loss of the effective received signal energy. The BER of the proposed systems converges to zero with increasing E b / N 0 . Moreover, the proposed system out performs the Manchester‐coded multilevel transmission system.
Analysis of the Relationship Between the Axis and City (2009)

Basing on three aspects of the axis:origin, form and the relationship with city,this paper presents its developing process of traditional cities in China and concludes its effect on consturction of cities by contrasting chinese cities with foreign cities on it.In the end,it put forwards the wrong in the current urban design on the axis and presents corresponding solution ideas by the research on some typical cases in the current urban designs of China.
The Abstract Way to Concrete Writing (1981)

Instruction in the writing of abstracts is of growing importance for technical writers, both as a valuable skill in its own right and for the beneficial side effects on other writing competencies. A proposed unit on abstract writing includes activities relevant to the abstract as a distinct writing form and assignments on writing an effective informative abstract.
Enhanced Single Seed Trait Predictions in Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>) and Robust Calibration Model Transfer with Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (2016)

Single seed near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy predicts soybean (Glycine max) seed quality traits of moisture, oil, and protein. We tested the accuracy of transferring calibrations between different single seed NIR analyzers of the same design by collecting NIR spectra and analytical trait data for globally diverse soybean germplasm. X-ray microcomputed tomography (μCT) was used to collect seed density and shape traits to enhance the number of soybean traits that can be predicted from single seed NIR. Partial least-squares (PLS) regression gave accurate predictive models for oil, weight, volume, protein, and maximal cross-sectional area of the seed. PLS models for width, length, and density were not predictive. Although principal component analysis (PCA) of the NIR spectra showed that black seed coat color had significant signal, excluding black seeds from the calibrations did not impact model accuracies. Calibrations for oil and protein developed in this study as well as earlier calibrations for a separate NIR analyzer of the same design were used to test the ability to transfer PLS regressions between platforms. PLS models built from data collected on one NIR analyzer had minimal differences in accuracy when applied to spectra collected from a sister device. Model transfer was more robust when spectra were trimmed from 910 to 1679 nm to 955-1635 nm due to divergence of edge wavelengths between the two devices. The ability to transfer calibrations between similar single seed NIR spectrometers facilitates broader adoption of this high-throughput, nondestructive, seed phenotyping technology.
Polarimetric distributed feedback fiber laser sensor for simultaneous strain and temperature measurements (1999)

We report the application of a dual polarization distributed feedback (DFB) fiber laser as a strain and temperature sensor. By measurement of the absolute wavelength of one polarization as well as the polarization beat frequency, strain and temperature were determined simultaneously. The sensor has an accuracy of +3 microepsilon and +/-0.04 degrees C. Self-heating of the DFB fiber laser as a function of pump power was measured with this sensor.