gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quality of malting barley grown under different cultivation systems. (2000)

Sur une duree de trois ans, on a effectue des essais dans le but d'examiner le choix de differentes orges de printemps qui ont ete cultivees suivant les bases d'une culture ecologique, c'est-a-dire par la mise en oeuvre de techniques agroculturales traditionnelles (fumure, traitement des semences, herbicides, fongicides insecticides). Les conditions meteorologiques avaient une plus grande influence que, par exemple, la fumure azotee ou le systeme de culture. Des differences importantes ont ete observees entre les differentes annees au niveau de la teneur en proteines des cereales, extrait de VZ 45, indice Kolbach, pouvoir diastasique et degre d'attenuation apparent. La methode de culture a influence essentiellement la teneur en beta-glucane du mout qui etait etonnamment bas pour la methode de culture ecologique. Les consequences de la methode de culture pouvaient etre identifiees sur l'extrait d'eau chaude et partiellement sur l'indice Kolbach et sur les valeurs du Friabilimetre.
Implementation of fully self-aligned bottom-gate MOS transistor (2002)

This letter reports the implementation of a bottom-gate MOSFET, which possesses the following fully self-aligned structural features: 1) self-aligned source-drain to bottom-gate; 2) self-aligned thick source-drain and thin channel; and 3) self-aligned and mask-free lightly doped drain (LDD). The complete self-alignment is realized by combining a conventional ion implantation and a subsequent chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) step. The process is applied to poly-Si films crystallized from an a-Si film deposited by LPCVD using a metal-induced unilateral crystallization technique, and is grain-enhanced further in a high temperature annealing step. Deep submicron fully self-aligned bottom-gate pMOS transistors with channel length less than 0.5 μm are fabricated. The measured performance parameters include threshold voltage of -0.43 V, subthreshold swing of 113 mV/dec, effective hole mobility of 147 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V-s, off-current of 0.17 pA/μm, and on-off current ratio of 7.1×10/sup 8/.
Relaxation of Renal Arterioles by Parathyroid Hormone and Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein (1991)

The effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) on renal arteriolar tone and proximal tubule adenylate cyclase were examined. In both afferent and efferent arterioles, PTH produced concentration-dependent relaxation of norepinephrine-induced tone with EC50 values of 8.7 and 9.9 nmol/l, respectively. PTHrP also produced relaxations that were indistinguishable from PTH. In proximal convoluted tubules PTH and PTHrP stimulated adenylate cyclase to the same extent and with similar potencies. The PTH antagonist, bPTH(7-34), totally blocked PTH-induced arteriolar relaxation but had no effect on proximal tubule adenylate cyclase. The results demonstrate that PTH and PTHrP are potent relaxants of glomerular arterioles and that PTH receptors present on the renal microvasculature may differ from those present on proximal tubules.
Evidence that chronic lymphocytic leukemia B lymphocytes are frequently committed to production of natural autoantibodies (1990)

CD5+ B lymphocytes have been postulated to be primarily involved in autoantibody production. To investigate whether CD5 B lymphocytes from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients display the same function, we fused B lymphocytes from 23 CD5+ B-CLL with nonsecreting murine myeloma X-63 cells. Hybrids were derived from 18 of the 23 patients, but only hybrids from 13 patients were found to secrete immunoglobulin (Ig) (IgM kappa 4, IgM lambda 8, and only kappa light chain 1). Supernatants of these hybrids were tested against an extensive panel of antigens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indirect immunofluorescence, and hemagglutination. At the same time, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 15 of these patients, including most patients from whom secreting hybrids had not been obtained, were stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Our results indicated that secreting heterohybrids from CLL B lymphocytes are frequently obtained; however, this is highly dependent on the light chain phenotype, since 8 of 9 lambda-expressing CLL produced hybrids secreting complete Igs, as compared with 4 of 12 kappa-expressing CLL. In addition, B lymphocytes of most patients from whom we failed to derive secreting hybrids also failed to secrete Ig on PMA stimulation. Secondly, CD5+ B-CLL lymphocytes were frequently committed to the production of natural autoantibodies, since in 8 of 15 cases (including hybrids and PMA stimulation) anti-Fc activity was found; three of these also displayed a multispecific binding pattern.
A Theoretical and Strategic Framework for Information Systems Adoption in Supply Chain Management (2007)

Data, information and knowledge are critical assets to the performance of logistics and supply chain management (SCM), because they provide the basis upon which management can plan logistics operations, organize logistics and supply chain (SC) processes, coordinate and communicate with business partners, conduct functional logistics activities, and perform managerial control of physical flow of goods, information exchange and sharing among SC partners. In this paper, we firstly discuss the theories related to IS/IT adoption, and then we discuss a strategic framework and finally, strategies for IS/IT adoption in SCM context are provided.
Benefits of Hydrophones for Land Seismic Monitoring (2010)

CGGVeritas has conducted for Shell Canada a 4D project based on a network of buried mini-vibrators associated with buried sensors. This paper shows a comparison of signal and noise recorded on different types of sensors (surface DSU, buried geophones and hydrophones). We conclude that buried hydrophones provided the best data quality: (i) they are free of shear wave, (ii) they present a better Signal to Noise ratio (20dB gain), (iii) they show better repeatability. Therefore, hydrophones are well adapted for permanent seismic land acquisition used in 4D monitoring.
Systematic cycle budget versus system power trade-off: a new perspective on system exploration of real-time data-dominated applications (2000)

In contrast to current design practice for (programmable) processor mapping, which mainly targets performance, we focus on a systematic trade-off between cycle budget and energy consumed in the background memory organization. The latter is a crucial component in many of todays designs, including multi-media, network protocols and telecom signal processing. We have a systematic way and tool to explore both freedoms and to arrive at Pareto charts, in which for a given application the lowest cost implementation of the memory organization is plotted against the available cycle budget per submodule. This by making optimal usage of a parallelized memory architecture. We indicate, with results on a digital audio broadcasting receiver and an image compression demonstrator, how to effectively use the Pareto plot to gain significantly in overall system energy consumption within the global real-time constraints.
Empirical validation of the performance of a class of transient detector (1996)

Transient detection in the presence of noise is a problem which occurs in many areas of engineering. A description is given of a classifier system suitable for the identification of high frequency waveforms. It uses the wavelet transform for signal pre-processing and a forward feature selection algorithm. A radial basis function neural network is employed to model the class conditional probability density function. A short review of statistical pattern recognition is presented. The classifier is applied to the identification of a number of difficult to classify, high frequency acoustic emission signals.
IPv4 Run-Out and IPv4-IPv6 Co-Existence Scenarios (2011)

When IPv6 was designed, it was expected that the transition from IPv4 to IPv6 would occur more smoothly and expeditiously than experience has revealed. The growth of the IPv4 Internet and predicted depletion of the free pool of IPv4 address blocks on a foreseeable horizon has highlighted an urgent need to revisit IPv6 deployment models. This document provides an overview of deployment scenarios with the goal of helping to understand what types of additional tools the industry needs to assist in IPv4 and IPv6 co-existence and transition. This document was originally created as input to the Montreal co-existence interim meeting in October 2008, which led to the rechartering of the Behave and Softwire working groups to take on new IPv4 and IPv6 co-existence work. This document is published as a historical record of the thinking at the time, but hopefully will also help readers understand the rationale behind current IETF tools for co-existence and transition.
Siloxane-based polymer epoxies for optical waveguides (2003)

We introduce a new class of siloxane-based epoxy polymers for thin film optical waveguide applications. The thickness of spun-on films can be controlled by varying either spin speed or viscosity using solvents. Cured films exhibit excellent adhesion to silicon oxide and Al and excellent thermal and chemical stability. Waveguides of ~2 micron thickness on silicon oxide exhibit <0.2dB/cm loss at 830 nm. We demonstrate the formation of a 45° vertical mirror using reactive ion etching slope transfer from photoresist to epoxy polymer film.
An active switch improved Dickson Charge Pump implemented in a BCD process (2012)

The paper presents a new improved integrated charge pump based on the use of both enhanced and depletion MOS transistors as active switches and charge transfer devices in order to accommodate the voltage class requirements specific to the BCD technology. A two stage design was implemented using 2.5 MHz clock frequency to drive the charge pump capacitors.
Tailoring properties of styrene butadiene rubber nanocomposite by various nanofillers and their dispersion (2008)

Abstract Organic–inorganic nanocomposite hybrids of styrene butadiene rubber were prepared with various nanofillers like modified and unmodified montmorillonite, sepiolite (SP), hectorite, carbon nanofiber (F), and expanded graphite. Comparison of the nanocomposites against the gum on the basis of mechanical properties illustrates that Cloisite15A (15A) produced an increment of 230% in the tensile strength (TS), at 8 phr loading. At 6 phr loading, F increased the modulus by 101%, while tear strength increased by 79%. Once optimized for loading, these nanocomposites were subjected to various compatibilization and dispersion techniques to achieve enhanced dispersion of the nanofillers. On modification, 15A registered 146% increase in modulus and 303% in TS, while F illustrated 150% increment in modulus and 113% in TS of the nanocomposite, over the gum control. Thorough dynamic mechanical and swelling studies were also performed. X‐ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to study the morphology. The London dispersive forces explained the enhanced properties on using carbon nanofiber, while the wider gallery gap and increased compatibility because of high organo‐modifier content explicated the efficacy of 15A. Adsorption followed by shearing as well as intercalation of the rubber into clay layers were suggested as the probable mechanisms. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
A continuous cryopump for steady state mirror fusion reactors (1983)

The characteristics of mirror fusion reactors, i.e., steady state operation, a low neutral gas density, and a large gas throughput require unique vacuum pumping capabilities. One approach that appears to meet these requirements is a liquid helium-cooled cryopump system in which a fixed portion can be isolated and degassed while the remainder continues to pump. The time to degas a rotating, fixed portion of the pumping area and the ratio of that area to the total area fixes the gas inventory in the chamber. It follows that the active pump area maintains the required neutral gas density and the time-averaged degassing rate equals the gas throughput. We have built such a cryopump whereby the gas condensed (deuterium) on the liquid helium-cooled panel can be transferred to a collector pump and subsequently to an exterior mechanical pump and exhausted. At panel loadings as high as 0.55 Torr-/ℓcm2 the gas leakage during degassing is less than 8% and the degassing time is less than 10 min. Scaling to reactor size appears to be feasible.
Conserved domains and evolution of secreted phospholipases A<sub>2</sub> (2011)

Secreted phospholipases A(2) (sPLA(2) s) are lipolytic enzymes present in organisms ranging from prokaryotes to eukaryotes but their origin and emergence are poorly understood. We identified and compared the conserved domains of 333 sPLA(2) s and proposed a model for their evolution. The conserved domains were grouped into seven categories according to the in silico annotated conserved domain collections of 'cd00618: PLA(2) _like' and 'pfam00068: Phospholip_A2_1'. PLA(2) s containing the conserved domain cd04706 (plant-specific PLA(2) ) are present in bacteria and plants. Metazoan PLA(2) s of the group (G) I/II/V/X PLA(2) collection exclusively contain the conserved domain cd00125. GIII PLA(2) s of both vertebrates and invertebrates contain the conserved domain cd04704 (bee venom-like PLA(2) ), and mammalian GIII PLA(2) s also contain the conserved domain cd04705 (similar to human GIII PLA(2) ). The sPLA(2) s of bacteria, fungi and marine invertebrates contain the conserved domain pfam09056 (prokaryotic PLA(2) ) that is the only conserved domain identified in fungal sPLA(2) s. Pfam06951 (GXII PLA(2) ) is present in bacteria and is widely distributed in eukaryotes. All conserved domains were present across mammalian sPLA(2) s, with the exception of cd04706 and pfam09056. Notably, no sPLA(2) s were found in Archaea. Phylogenetic analysis of sPLA(2) conserved domains reveals that two main clades, the cd- and the pfam-collection, exist, and that they have evolved via gene-duplication and gene-deletion events. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that sPLA(2) s in eukaryotes shared common origins with two types of bacterial sPLA(2) s, and their persistence during evolution may be related to their role in phospholipid metabolism, which is fundamental for survival.
R. E. A. C. Paley—In memoriam (1933)

was killed by an avalanche on April 7, 1933, while skiing in the vicinity of Banff, Alberta.Although only twenty-six years of age, he was already recognized as the ablest of the group of young English mathematicians who have been inspired by the genius of G. H. Hardy and
Investigation of the high power integrated uni-traveling carrier and waveguide integrated photodiode (2003)

A uni-traveling carrier waveguide integrated photodiode (UTC-WIP) combining the advantages of a coupled waveguide integrated photodiode (WIP) and a uni-traveling carrier photodiode (UTC-PD) is investigated. Preliminary measurement results show that the DC responsivity is 0.4 A/W without an anti-reflection coating, and the peak pulse response can reach 94 mA (4.7 V across a 50 /spl Omega/ load) when the bias voltage is -9 V. The resulting device is capable of operating at 20 GHz. The IP/sub 3/ at 1 GHz and 18 GHz are 24 dBm and 8 dBm, respectively.
p185neu protein is required for tumor and anchorage-independent growth, not for cell proliferation of transgenic mammary carcinoma (2000)

Transgenic FVB-NeuN mice (N202) bearing the rat neu protooncogene driven by the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter/enhancer develop focal mammary carcinomas overexpressing the neu-encoded p185(neu) protein. In vitro expression of p185(neu) among mammary carcinoma cultures was heterogeneous, and we could establish some cell lines and clones displaying a complete loss of p185(neu) expression, along with others with very high p185(neu) protein level. Upon in vivo injection, p185(neu)-positive cells gave rise to fast-growing tumors with a short latency, while p185(neu)-negative cells required a very long latency time, and the resulting tumors were invariably p185(neu)-positive. The lower growth ability of p185(neu)-negative cells in vivo was also confirmed in athymic nude mice. In vitro, analysis of anchorage-independent growth in soft agar revealed colony formation from p185(neu)-positive but not p185(neu)-negative cells. The direct involvement of p185(neu) in clonogenicity was demonstrated by the inhibition of p185(neu)-positive colony growth in soft agar in the presence of an anti-p185(neu) monoclonal antibody. By contrast, a higher level of anchorage-dependent clonogenic growth and proliferation was observed in p185(neu)-negative cells as compared to p185(neu)-positive cells, thus explaining the relative ease with which p185(neu)-negative cell lines and clones were established in vitro. Together, the results indicate that p185(neu) expression can lead to tumor formation and metastasis through the modification of intrinsic properties of cells related to anchorage-independent growth ability rather than to proliferation or host-dependent mechanisms.
The Incidence of Corneal Abnormalities in the Silicone Study (1995)

To our knowledge, this is the first study to document that the incidence rates of corneal abnormalities are equivalent between oil and gas. The incidence of corneal abnormalities in gas-filled eyes was higher than expected, and remained high in oil-filled eyes, despite the use of an inferior iridectomy. Successful surgical repair of the retinal detachment with a single operation, and prevention and early management of corneal touch by silicone oil should help to prevent corneal abnormalities. If rubeosis iridis or severe aqueous flare is present, preoperative treatment with intense topical and possibly periocular steroids might reduce inflammation, which might mediate corneal damage.
The effect of a passive cross-stream temperature gradient on the evolution of temperature variance and heat flux in grid turbulence (1983)

The evolution of temperature variance and heat flux in decaying grid turbulence with a linear cross-stream temperature gradient is studied by producing the temperature gradient by means of two different methods: ( a ) by placing a ‘mandoline’ (Warhaft & Lumley 1978) downstream from the grid but with its wires differentially heated for the present study, and ( b ) by differentially heating ribbons of nichrome (a ‘toaster’) placed in the plenum chamber of the wind tunnel. For the former method the initial thermal/mechanical lengthscale ratio L θ / L was varied by changing the mandoline configuration. For this method it is shown that the gradient causes L θ / L to equilibrate to a value of about 0·9 regardless of its initial value, and that when this value is achieved the temperature variance increases approximately linearly with time. The toaster was used to produce a temperature gradient without the associated initial temperature variance (and initial thermal lengthscale) that is necessarily produced by the mandoline wires; for the toaster the temperature variance was produced solely by the action of turbulence against the temperature gradient. For this experiment too, the thermal variance grew linearly with time, and L θ / L was approximately the same as the equilibrium value for the mandoline experiments. The equilibrium value of the ratio of temperature-variance production to temperature-variance dissipation was approximately 1·5 for all of the experiments. The ratio of the mechanical-dissipation/thermal-dissipation timescales was also found to equilibrate, but there was considerably more scatter in the data for this parameter. The values of the equilibrium length- and timescale ratios were not affected by the magnitude of the temperature gradient, which was varied for both experiments. Good transverse homogeneity in the thermal field was achieved in all cases, in contrast with previous experiments (using heated grids).
Nuclear factor-κB is a critical mediator of stress-impaired neurogenesis and depressive behavior (2010)

Proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1beta, have been implicated in the cellular and behavioral effects of stress and in mood disorders, although the downstream signaling pathways underlying these effects have not been determined. In the present study, we demonstrate a critical role for NF-kappaB signaling in the actions of IL-1beta and stress. Stress inhibition of neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus, which has been implicated in the prodepressive effects of stress, is blocked by administration of an inhibitor of NF-kappaB. Further analysis reveals that stress activates NF-kappaB signaling and decreases proliferation of neural stem-like cells but not early neural progenitor cells in the adult hippocampus. We also find that depressive-like behaviors caused by exposure to chronic stress are mediated by NF-kappaB signaling. Together, these data identify NF-kappaB signaling as a critical mediator of the antineurogenic and behavioral actions of stress and suggest previously undescribed therapeutical targets for depression.
<title>Laser-assisted turning of advanced ceramics</title> (1997)

Laser-assisted machining operations, i.e. the use of laser beam energy to enhance the cutting properties via local plastification of the material during machining operations, can be successfully used to cut materials which are difficult to machine. The following article shows the technological potential of this process highlighted by the results obtained through research laser-assisted turning of advanced ceramics. These studies indicate that laser-assisted hot machining of materials which are normally regarded as 'difficult to machine' decreases cutting forces and tool wear, thus increasing material removal rates.
Low dose oral administration of cytokines for treatment of allergic asthma (2009)

Many inflammatory diseases are characterized by an imbalance among lymphocyte populations, in particular Th1, Th2 and the recently described Th17 cells. The Th1/Th2 imbalance is linked to many factors, but certainly the role of cytokines is essential. In Th2 diseases IL-4 expression is predominant, while Th1 pathologies are characterized by high expression of IFN-gamma and IL-12. Though today the therapeutical proposal for many inflammatory diseases aims to re-establish normal levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines, the pharmacological use of cytokines, which are very active molecules, is limited by the possible collateral effects. Therefore, our study aims to determine, in a murine model of allergic asthma, the possible therapeutic activity of low dose cytokines solutions, mechanically activated. We found that oral administration of low doses IL-12 plus IFN-gamma is able to solve the bronchial hyperresponsiveness condition of mice, establishing normal cytokine levels. The anti-asthma activity was confirmed by histological analysis of lungs and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid cell count. Serum ovalbumin-specific IgE was also significantly inhibited by treatment with low dose activated cytokines solution. These findings may suggest a novel approach to diseases which involve a Th1/Th2 imbalance.