gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Patient Falls in Stroke Rehabilitation (1995)

Background and Purpose The risk of falls is very high among stroke patients, and falling is a major complication in stroke rehabilitation. This study aimed to investigate the incidence, characteristics, and consequences of falls in an inpatient stroke rehabilitation setting. Methods One hundred sixty-one patients consecutively admitted to a geriatric stroke rehabilitation unit were studied. Falls that occurred during their rehabilitation stay were prospectively registered and analyzed. Results Sixty-two of the patients (39%) suffered falls. The total number of falls was 153, which corresponds to an incidence rate of 159 falls per 10 000 patient-days. Most falls occurred during transfers or from sitting in a wheelchair or on some other kind of furniture. Seventeen falls (11%) were classified as the result of extrinsic mechanisms, 49 (32%) were intrinsic falls, 39 (25%) occurred in a nonbipedal position (while sitting or lying), and 48 falls (31%) remained unclassified. No injury was observed in 109 of 153 ...
The influence of metastable molecules on the streamer progression (1975)

The measurement of the de-activation rate of the N2 vibrational metastables produced by a gas discharge in short gaps at atmospheric pressure indicates that their concentration remains significantly high for some hundreds of microseconds. The creation and destruction of the metastables in air at atmospheric pressure have been analyzed. The theoretical interpretation is consistent with the experimental results. The effect of a pre-existing metastable trail on the streamer propagation has been analyzed. It is suggested that the metastable molecules act as an energy reserve which is transferred to the electrons in superelastic collisions. The balance of the energy exchanges is analyzed in detail.
Dependence of substitutional C incorporation on Ge content for Si1−x−yGexCy crystals grown by ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition (2000)

Si 1−x−y Ge x C y crystals were grown by ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition (UHV-CVD) using Si2H6, GeH4, and SiH3CH3 as source gases. Although the total C content in the grown crystals increased with increasing the partial pressure of SiH3CH3 gas, the substitutional C content saturated at a certain value. The maximum substitutional C content was found to change depending on the Ge content. As the Ge content was increased from 13 to 35 at. %, the maximum substitutional C content linearly decreased from 2.0 to 0.8 at. %. These results clearly demonstrate that the existence of Ge atoms prevents the substitutional incorporation of C atoms in Si1−x−yGexCy growth by CVD.
A Simplified Plaque Reduction Assay for Antiviral Agents from Plants. Demonstration of Frequent Occurrence of Antiviral Activity in Higher Plants (1990)

An improved plaque reduction assay for antiviral activity was developed and used to examine extracts from sixty-one higher plants. Substantial antiviral activity was observed in ca. 20%, which is higher than might be expected given the limited metabolic differences between viruses and their hosts. The frequent antiviral activity may represent phytoalexins elaborated to protect against plant viruses.
A New State of Quantum Matter (2007)

Experiments show that electron spins can flow without dissipation in a novel electrical insulator.
Recurrence Phenotypes and Establishment of Latency Following Rabbit Keratitis Produced by Multiple Herpes Simplex Virus Strains (1983)

Distinct high frequency recurrence (HFRc) or low frequency recurrence (LFRc) phenotypes were observed following rabbit keratitis with three type 1 and five type 2 herpes simplex virus strains. LFRc strains were found to have latently infected the animal but were detected very rarely, if at all, in the eye following the acute phase. The recurrence phenotypes defined in singly infected animals remained unchanged following bilateral infection of the same animal with strains of opposite phenotype. Cocultivation of virus from bilaterally infected animals showed that both virus strains were capable of latently infecting the same animal. Restriction enzyme analysis of plaque-purified virus revealed that some ganglia were latently infected with both parental strains. Recombinants were also found. Some latently infected animals could be re-infected acutely. However, establishment of latency by the superinfecting strain was inhibited.
Pulsed radiofrequency for the treatment of ilioinguinal neuralgia after inguinal herniorrhaphy. (2006)

Ilioinguinal neuralgia is challenging to treat. We have demonstrated the successful use of PRF for four out of five patients seen in our office.
Minimizing energy consumption in sensor networks using a wakeup radio (2004)

For increasing the life of sensor networks, each node must conserve energy as much as possible. In this paper, we propose a protocol in which energy is conserved by amortizing the energy cost of communication over multiple packets. In addition, we allow sensors to control the amount of buffered packets since storage space is limited. To achieve this, a two-radio architecture is used which allows a sensor to "wakeup" a neighbor with a busy tone and send its packets for that destination. However, this process is expensive because all neighbors must awake and listen to the primary channel to determine who is the intended destination. Therefore, triggered wakeups on the primary channel are proposed to avoid using the more costly wakeup procedure. We present a protocol for efficiently determining how large the period for these wakeups should be such that energy consumption is minimized.
"The Right Use of the Appropriate Means": The Debate Over Strategy and Goals Among Nineteenth-Century Evangel Reformers (2001)

According to the eighteenth century Calvinist Jonathan Edwards, the spiritual awakening he witnessed in New England was completely unexpected, a "surprising" work of Cod unaided by human instrumentality.In the distinctly different theological climate of the nineteenth century, Arminian Charles C. Finney was convinced that a revival was "not a miracle," but simply a natural result of Christians availing themselves of the resources placed at their disposal by Cod.To produce a successful revival, Finney believed, all that his fellow preachers had to do was to engage in the "right use of the appropriate means.'"The so-called "appropriate means" to which Finney was referring were the controversial "new measures' of evangelistic technique which he and other revivalists were at that time employing.Finney's new measures included the public participation of women, the overt display of religious emotion, and the promotion of revival meetings that would last for several days.Most importantly (for our purposes), Finney also insisted that revivals could flourish only when Christians had a proper attitude "in regard to any question involving human rights"-by which he was indicating issues such as temperance and slavery.Unlike most evangelists (then and now), Finney was convinced that a preacher's engagement with the pressing social concerns of the day was an important accessory to the work of converting sinners.Nonetheless, Finney always viewed his commitment to social concerns as an "appendage" to revivals; it was never to take away from the primary task of personal evangelism. 2 Finney fully expected other revival preachers to understand and agree with the pragmatic parameters of his maxim to pursue the "right use of the appropriate means."Many of those who were inspired by Finney's revivalism, however, went beyond his rather cautious involvement with social reform and his opportunistic
Human airway musculature on a chip: an in vitro model of allergic asthmatic bronchoconstriction and bronchodilation (2014)

Many potential new asthma therapies that show promise in the pre-clinical stage of drug development do not demonstrate efficacy during clinical trials. One factor contributing to this problem is the lack of human-relevant models of the airway that recapitulate the tissue-level structural and functional phenotypes of asthma. Hence, we sought to build a model of a human airway musculature on a chip that simulates healthy and asthmatic bronchoconstriction and bronchodilation in vitro by engineering anisotropic, laminar bronchial smooth muscle tissue on elastomeric thin films. In response to a cholinergic agonist, the muscle layer contracts and induces thin film bending, which serves as an in vitro analogue for bronchoconstriction. To mimic asthmatic inflammation, we exposed the engineered tissues to interleukin-13, which resulted in hypercontractility and altered relaxation in response to cholinergic challenge, similar to responses observed clinically in asthmatic patients as well as in studies with animal tissue. Moreover, we reversed asthmatic hypercontraction using a muscarinic antagonist and a β-agonist which are used clinically to relax constricted airways. Importantly, we demonstrated that targeting RhoA-mediated contraction using HA1077 decreased basal tone, prevented hypercontraction, and improved relaxation of the engineered tissues exposed to IL-13. These data suggest that we can recapitulate the structural and functional hallmarks of human asthmatic musculature on a chip, including responses to drug treatments for evaluation of safety and efficacy of new drugs. Further, our airway musculature on a chip provides an important tool for enabling mechanism-based search for new therapeutic targets through the ability to evaluate engineered muscle at the levels of protein expression, tissue structure, and tissue function.
Analysis and performance characteristics of the Seagate advanced air bearing slider (1994)

The challenge of increasing disc drive capacity and performance while improving reliability requires a departure from typical straight rail air bearing sliders. This paper proposes a shaped air bearing that uses sub-ambient pressure. This design improves reliability by increasing air bearing stiffness, decreasing fly tolerances, increasing pitch angle, minimizing roll and improving take-off performance. The shaped rails and partially stepped edges control the fly height profile. This paper presents modeling of the slider's steady state and dynamic performance. Also presented are take-off velocity comparisons with catamaran, contact start/stop performance and the design's contamination sensitivity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Novel Frequency-Domain Channel Parameters Estimation Method by Time-Domain Pilots Inserting for OFDM Systems (2009)

A novel least square (LS) estimation method for frequency-domain channel parameters is proposed for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. It inserts character pilots with constant envelops in time domain to avoid influencing the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of systems caused by the inserted pilots. Moreover, it improves the estimation accuracy significantly with much lower computing complexity by designing the appropriate character pilots and the pilot multiplex format. Simulation results have demonstrated that the proposed algorithm is more effective than the conventional LS method for practical applications.
Energy-resolved X-ray detectors: the future of diagnostic imaging (2015)

Abstract: This paper presents recent progress in the field of X-ray detectors, which could play a role in medical imaging in the near future, with special attention to the new generation of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (C-MOS) imagers, working in photon counting, that opened the way to the energy-resolved X-ray imaging. A brief description of the detectors used so far in medical imaging (photographic films, imaging plates, flat panel detectors), together with the most relevant imaging quality parameters, shows differences between, and advantages of these new C-MOS imagers. X-ray energy-resolved imaging is very attractive not only for the increase of contrast but even for the capability of detecting the nature and composition of the material or tissue to be investigated. Since the X-ray absorption coefficients of the different parts or organs of the patient (object) are strongly dependent on the X-ray photon energy, this multienergy ("colored") X-ray imaging could increase enormously the probing capabilities. While dual-energy imaging is now a reality in medical practice, multienergy is still in its early stage, but a promising research activity. Based on this new technique of color X-ray imaging, the entire scheme of source–object–detector could be revised in the future, optimizing spectrum and detector to the nature and composition of the target to be investigated. In this view, a transition to a set of monoenergetic X-ray lines, suitably chosen in energy and intensity, could be envisaged, instead of the present continuous spectra. Keywords: X-ray detectors, X-ray medical imaging, C-MOS imagers, dual and multienergy CT
Evaluation of a sustained-release oral tetracycline in non-specific urethritis. (1975)

A double-blind trial of oxytetracycline (Imperacin-I.C.I.) and tetracycline hydrochloride in a sustained-release formulation (Tetrabid-Organon) was carried out on 259 men suffering from non-specific urethritis. Patients who had NSU in the preceeding 3 months were excluded from the trial. The response to treatment assessed at 10 days was favourable in ninety patients out of 129 (35 per cent.) who received oxytetracycline and in 89 patients out of 130 (34 per cent.) who received Tetrabid-Organon. Eight patients in each group required re-treatment and the remainder failed to attend for follow-up. At 4 weeks after treatment one (1-3 per cent.) of 74 patients treated with Tetrabid-Organon and twenty (37-7 per cent.) of patients treated with oxytetracycline required further treatment. A large proportion of patients who were free of signs and symptoms at the first follow-up failed to return at 4 weeks, so that the true rates of cure at 4 weeks are difficult to assess. In a field such as venereology, the twice-daily administration of medication offers distinct advantages over a four-times-daily regime. This study suggests that Tetrabid-Organon, a tetracycline designed specifically for twice-daily dosage, is more effective than standard oxytetracycline, given twice daily, in the treatment of NSU. It was satisfying to find that the traditional advice concerning abstention from sexual activity and alcohol consumption during the treatment of NSU has a sound basis. The study showed a close correlation between recurrence of NSU and failure to follow such advice. It would be interesting to investigate the means by which alcohol consumption may act to delay recovery.
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells mediate glioma regression and immunological memory in a syngeneic rat model. (2008)

258 Rapid rates of tumor mutation and tumor recurrence post-glioma resection hinder the long-term efficacy of current treatment modalities. In a large syngeneic rat model of glioma we tested whether Flt3L and HSV1-TK expression would induce intra-tumoral recruitment of dendritic cells capable of antigen presentation. Fifteen and twenty-two days after tumor implantation, treatment with adenovirus (Ad) encoding Flt3L and HSV1-TK induced infiltration of plasmacytoid Dendritic cells, B cells, macrophages, and NK cells. Plasmacytoid DCs isolated from treated tumors were capable of in vitro antigen uptake and did not express MHC II or CD86 on their cell surface suggestive of an immature phenotype. PDCs induced in vitro allogenic T cell proliferation suggesting that they can present antigen to T cells. Tumor antigen specific T cells were detected by IFNγ elispot. We examined long-term efficacy of Flt3L and TK treatment to prevent tumor recurrence. 100% of animals rechallenged with GBM in the contralateral hemisphere, 60 days after primary GBM implantation survived long term and exhibited INFγ secreting, tumor antigen specific Tcells. Immunological memory responses to CNS-1 tumors were dependent on the presence of CD8+ cells as their depletion abrogated survival. Since pDCs serve as the major secretory cell for IFNα, we aimed to test if this cytokine would elicit similar effects as Flt3L. In a small tumor model IFNα alone was sufficient to induce 50% survival. However in a large tumor model IFNα was not effective. When IFNα was expressed with TK in tumor bearing rats ~50% survival was observed in a large tumor model. Expression of IFNα alone or with TK in naive rat brain resulted in extensive damage to the striatum, dramatic weight loss, leukopenia and the infiltration of CD68, CD8 and MHCII expressing cells into the brain. Unlike Ad-Flt3L/Ad-TK, use of Ad-IFNα induced gross neuropathological abnormalities to the striatum and severe systemic adverse side effects. In conclusion, Ad-Flt3L/Ad-TK treatment of glioma induces infiltration of antigen presenting cells capable of inducing adaptive immune responses without toxic side effects and warrant further development of this therapeutic approach for the implementation of a clinical trial for GBM. Funding: NIH/NINDS Grant 1R01 NS44556.01; 1R21-NSO54143.01; 1UO1 NS052465.01 to M.G.C.; NIH/NINDS Grants 1 RO1 NS 054193.01; RO1 NS 42893.01, U54 NS045309-01 and 1R21 NS047298-01 to P.R.L. The Bram and Elaine Goldsmith and the Medallions Group Endowed Chairs in Gene Therapeutics to PRL and MGC, respectively, The Linda Tallen & David Paul Kane Foundation Annual Fellowship and the Board of Governors at CSMC. GDK is supported by NIH/NINDS 1F32 N50503034-01. M.C is supported by NIH/NINDS 1F32 NS058156.01.
Cortisol and IGF‐1 synergistically up‐regulate taurine transport by the rat skeletal muscle cell line, L6 (2004)

This study was undertaken to evaluate effects of exercise-induced hormones, cortisol, IGF-1, and beta-endorphin, on the regulation of taurine transport activity in rat skeletal myoblasts, L6 cells. Challenge of L6 cells with cortisol (100 nM) for 24 hrs resulted in a 165% increase in taurine transport activity, 220% increase in Vmax of the taurine transporter, and 55% increase in taurine transporter/ beta-actin mRNA level compared with untreated control cells. Neither IGF-1 (1 approximately 100 nM) nor beta-endorphin (1 approximately 20 nM), added in the incubation medium separately for 24 hrs, affected taurine uptake by L6 cells. However, when cells were co-treated with IGF-1 (10 nM) plus cortisol (100 nM), taurine transport activity (37% increase, p < 0.05), Vmax of the transporter (54%, p < 0.05), and taurine transporter/ beta-actin mRNA level were further increased compared to the value for cells treated with cortisol alone. These results suggest that taurine transport by skeletal muscle cells appear to be synergistically up-regulated during a prolonged exercise via elevated levels of cortisol and IGF-1 in muscle.
Scalable Electroactive Polymer for Variable Stiffness Suspensions (2016)

We present an approach for creating a reliable variable stiffness suspension using prestretched electroactive polymer films. In comparison to other variable-stiffness devices, the design is compact, lightweight, consumes low energy, and can change its stiffness in approximately 10 ms. Attention to the main causes of failure increases the reliability of the device so that multiple layers can be combined for increased loads and stiffness. A device with 20 layers supports loads of over 15 N at minimum stiffness and maximum voltage for displacements of ±7 mm and up to 138 N at maximum stiffness with a displacement of 20 mm. Multilayer devices have demonstrated 3 million mechanical load cycles and hundreds of thousands of stiffness variation (charging and discharging) cycles, respectively.
Superintegrated voltage clamp (1973)

A monolithic implementation of a voltage clamp circuit is described that saves area and reduces capacitance, as the transistor and the voltage divider resistor required are merged into a single device. Following this principle in current switch logic circuits, even the emitter follower can be superintegrated into the collector loads. Moreover, base-bleeding resistors can be incorporated in transistors of silicon-controlled rectifiers.
Performance comparison between simulation and experimentation of a specific indoor propagation system (2012)

Ensuring information quality in indoor environments are difficult but essential for applications that require higher and higher quality such as internet access, telephone, etc. In order to deploy in actual systems with the feasibility and cost savings, electromagnetic simulations must be performed carefully. The simulation of electromagnetic wave propagation in indoor environments may require the use of different wave propagation models. Some factors such as obstructions, materials, antenna installation, etc. will affect the actual results so they need to be put into simulation. This paper presented the simulation and experimentation of wave propagation in a specific building. The initial results show the feasibility to apply in practice.
Marked genetic heterogeneity in familial myelodysplasia/acute myeloid leukaemia (2012)

The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are heterogeneous and can evolve into acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Rare familial cases are reported in which five disease genes have been identified to date (RUNX1, CEBPA, TERC, TERT and GATA2). Here we report the genetic categorization of 27 families with familial MDS/AML. All of these families were screened for RUNX1, CEBPA, TERC, TERT and GATA2 as well as TET2 and NPM1. Five of the 27 families had telomerase mutations; one had a RUNX1 mutation, while none were found to have TET2, CEBPA or NPM1 mutations. We identified four families with heterozygous GATA2 mutations, each associated with a different phenotype. While one of these mutations is novel, three have been previously reported: one has been described in dendritic cell, monocyte, B and NK lymphoid (DCML) deficiency and one is in a family that has been reported in a series with primary lymphoedema with a predisposition to AML (Emberger syndrome). In summary, genetic characterization was shown in 10 (four GATA2, three TERT, two TERC, one RUNX1) of these families; however 17 remain uncharacterized, highlighting marked genetic heterogeneity in familial MDS/AML and the scope for further functional pathways that could give rise to this group of disorders.
ALGORITHMS FOR THE DETECTION OF CONNECTEDNESS AND THEIR NEURAL IMPLEMENTATION (1999)

Introduction Typical natural visual scenes contain many objects, which need to be segregated from each other and from the background. Components of a single object are usually related to each other by numerous perceptual grouping criteria, including colinearity and connectedness. The visual system is well adapted to exploit these grouping criteria in order to recover image regions occupied by one of the objects. Indeed, the visual system readily groups image regions together that are connected to one another @1 , as is illustrated in Fig. 1. Image elements that are connected to one another are easily segregated from other image regions. This is important, since other functions of the visual system, like object recognition, depend on proper segmentation of the visual image. In this chapter we will consider the physiological mechanisms that allow the visual system to detect connections among image regions. Minsky and Papert were among the first to recognize that connectedness detec