gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reducing network energy consumption via sleeping and rate-adaptation (2008)

We present the design and evaluation of two forms of power management schemes that reduce the energy consumption of networks. The first is based on putting network components to sleep during idle times, reducing energy consumed in the absence of packets. The second is based on adapting the rate of network operation to the offered workload, reducing the energy consumed when actively processing packets. For real-world traffic workloads and topologies and using power constants drawn from existing network equipment, we show that even simple schemes for sleeping or rate-adaptation can offer substantial savings. For instance, our practical algorithms stand to halve energy consumption for lightly utilized networks (10-20%). We show that these savings approach the maximum achievable by any algorithms using the same power management primitives. Moreover this energy can be saved without noticeably increasing loss and with a small and controlled increase in latency (&lt;10ms). Finally, we show that both sleeping and rate adaptation are valuable depending (primarily) on the power profile of network equipment and the utilization of the network itself. 1
Superconducting Cavities for High Energy Accelerators Progress and Prospects (1983)

Real progress in applications of radio frequency superconductivity to high energy electron storage rings has been registered recently. It is clear now that this technology will make a significant contribution to the advancement of particle physics in the 10's to 100's of GeV-CM energy range. This progress and its foundation are reviewed briefly. While considerable work remains in consolidating present accomplishments into reliable engineering technology, long lead times for significant technological developments make it appropriate to inquire now about the future prospects for this technology. Does this technology have a potential for being useful in a generation of accelerators that can take us into the TeV domain? This question and its associated R/D questions are addressed.
[Expression, purification and refolding of extracellular domain of mouse epidermal growth factor receptor]. (2003)

A DNA fragment encoding extracellular domain of mouse epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was obtained by PCR from a previous recombinant plasmid. The DNA fragment was then ligated into prokaryotic expression vector, and expressed in Escherichia Coli. The recombinant protein was purified under denature conditions by affinity chromatography, and refolded with gradient dialysis. The recombinant protein could produce antibodies to recognize extracellular domain and full-length of mouse EGFR, and form homodimer in the presence of EGF detected by western blot analysis. These findings provide evidence that the renatured recombinant extracellular domain of mouse epidermal growth factor receptor is immunogenetic and may be important for further application of this protein in functional and immunological research.
Coprophagy in iron-deficient rats (1982)

An attempt was made to prevent coprophagy in iron-deficient rats using plastic anal cups. Considerable damage to the anal cups occurred as a result of gnawing over periods up to 4 days. Haemoglobin iron determinations in rats with and without cups suggested that the cups had been partially successful in preventing recycling of dietary iron, and that coprophagy may be a significant factor in interpretation of haemoglobin regeneration studies on rodents.
Current Therapy in Gastroenterology and Liver Disease—3 (1990)

General topics oesophagus and mouth stomach and duodenum functional and behavioural disorders infections, immune disorders and nutrition small intestine colon and rectum the liver the biliary tract the pancreas.
<title>Automatic macro inspection system</title> (2000)

Macro defect inspection in the photolithography process has been operated by the operator's naked eye. Operator's inspection performance is not constant and depends on his skill, even if these macro defects are determined as the large scale defect. This paper reports our fully automated macro inspection system and its performance data that were evaluated in the production Fab. Our new system, Nikon AMI-2000, is designed to use the diffraction light imaging which is very effective to detect defocus defects and is designed to use an image processing method. This system has much higher sensitivity than operator inspection, the capability of constant yield management and has a high throughput performance.
A Simple, Fast and Chemoselective Method for the Preparation of Arylthiols (2009)

An efficient and convenient method for the synthesis of arylthiols by reaction of sulfonyl chlorides with triphenylphosphine in toluene is reported.
Highly Informative Natural Scene Regions Increase Microsaccade Production during Visual Scanning (2014)

Classical image statistics, such as contrast, entropy, and the correlation between central and nearby pixel intensities, are thought to guide ocular fixation targeting. However, these statistics are not necessarily task relevant and therefore do not provide a complete picture of the relationship between informativeness and ocular targeting. Moreover, it is not known whether either informativeness or classical image statistics affect microsaccade production; thus, the role of microsaccades in information acquisition is also unknown. The objective quantification of the informativeness of a scene region is a major challenge, because it can vary with both image features and the task of the viewer. Thus, previous definitions of informativeness suffered from subjectivity and inconsistency across studies. Here we developed an objective measure of informativeness based on fixation consistency across human observers, which accounts for both bottom-up and top-down influences in ocular targeting. We then analyzed fixations in more versus less informative image regions in relation to classical statistics. Observers generated more microsaccades on more informative than less informative image regions, and such regions also exhibited low redundancy in their classical statistics. Increased microsaccade production was not explained by increased fixation duration, suggesting that the visual system specifically uses microsaccades to heighten information acquisition from informative regions.
[The ultrasonic therapy of patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans of the vessels of the lower extremities]. (1991)

Available are the results of low-dose ultrasound treatment given segmentally and locally on ischemia-affected tissues of the legs. Altogether 40 patients with atherosclerotic lesions of the vessels underwent this treatment. Positive response was evident from improved peripheral circulation, microcirculation and hemocoagulation.
A policy based architecture for NSA RAdAC model (2005)

NSA RAdAC Model is analyzed for policy based implementation. An architecture is derived from this analysis, and its components are described.
A ferrite permanent magnet axial gap motor with segmented rotor structure for the next generation hybrid vehicle (2010)

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) are a key part of the current hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) drive system, and the sophisticated performance such as small size, high power density, and high efficiency is required to the PMSMs in the HEV drive system. Therefore, rare earth permanent magnet is generally employed in the PMSMs in order to satisfy those demands. However, rare earth materials contained in the rare earth permanent magnet have several concerns caused by uneven distribution, because the rare earth materials such as neodymium and dysprosium depend on China for 90% or more of the world share. Accordingly, the rare earth materials have the undeniable possibility of sudden rise of price or reinforcement of export restriction. On the other hand, the HEVs tend to be promoted rapidly because of growing concern about environmental problems. Therefore, it is very important to develop rare-earth-free motors for the next generation HEV drive system. This paper proposes a ferrite permanent magnet axial gap motor without the rare earth materials for the HEVs. In addition, the proposed motor structure and the analytical results with the 3D-FEA are introduced.
Restructuring of square processor arrays by built-in self-repair circuit (1993)

The authors introduce two types of neural networks that can be integrated into array-type very-large-scale integration/wafer-scale integration (VLSI/WSI) chips, allowing them to restructure themselves automatically so that, in the presence of multiple random faults, the array circuits can perform their computations correctly. In the first implementation, the neural network is interconnected and programmed so that it can execute a maximum matching algorithm and thereby substitute appropriate fault-free spare elements for the faulty components. The second implementation rearranges the surviving fault-free processors to restore the logical structure, and it can adjust its interconnection complexity based on the quality of solution (i.e., performance) desired. These two approaches are compared with the traditional reconfiguration algorithms, and by simulation it is shown that the neural network techniques provide superior performance (i.e., higher survivability rates). It is also shown that the intrinsic fault-tolerant nature of neural networks provides a degradable reconfiguration control even in the presence of faulty neural network components.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The point of use DC/DC power distribution: the architecture and an implementation (2002)

This paper presents an improved DC/DC power distribution architecture for advanced telecom and computer systems. In this architecture, the power from the main DC bus is directly distributed on each plug-in electronic card via an onboard single stage power converter that produces regulated multiple output voltages. Thus, it simplifies the distribution scheme that conventionally involves multiple level power conversion or multiple power modules to obtain finely regulated multiple voltages. An implementation of the single stage regulated multiple output converter topology is also presented. It achieves zero voltage switching, produces independently and precisely regulated multiple outputs, employs a self reset power transformer and synchronous rectifier, is capable of fast response to high speed load transients, and is straightforward in design. The concepts of this paper are verified experimentally.
Quantification of Protein Levels in Single Living Cells (2015)

Accurate measurement of the amount of specific protein a cell produces is important for investigating basic molecular processes. We have developed a technique that allows for quantitation of protein levels in single cells in vivo. This protein quantitation ratioing (PQR) technique uses a genetic tag that produces a stoichiometric ratio of a fluorescent protein reporter and the protein of interest during protein translation. The fluorescence intensity is proportional to the number of molecules produced of the protein of interest and is used to determine the relative amount of protein within the cell. We use PQR to quantify protein expression of different genes using quantitative imaging, electrophysiology, and phenotype. We use genome editing to insert Protein Quantitation Reporters into endogenous genomic loci in three different genomes for quantitation of endogenous protein levels. The PQR technique will allow for a wide range of quantitative experiments examining gene-to-phenotype relationships with greater accuracy.
A self-tuning, self-protecting, self-healing session state management layer (2003)

Management of semi-persistent state, such as user-session state, is one factor that complicates failure management in clustered three-tier Internet applications (Jacobs, 2003). We observe that the specific properties of user-session state can be exploited to design a lightweight state storage layer that offers many of the same ease-of-management and ease-of recovery properties as stateless components such as Web servers. We describe SSM, a self-tuning, self-protecting, and self-healing session state management layer that provides a storage and retrieval mechanism for semi-persistent, serial-access user session state. SSM is fast, scalable, fault-tolerant, and recovers instantly from individual node failures. Any SSM node may be rebooted at any time and there is no special recovery code, so the performance cost of "eager" recovery is near zero, simplifying recovery policy management when SSM is integrated into a larger system.
α‐Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Nanorings Prepared by a Microwave‐Assisted Hydrothermal Process and Their Sensing Properties (2007)

Free-standing α-Fe2O3 nanorings are synthesized in solution through a rapid microwave-assisted hydrothermal process. The ringlike structure is a new member in the family of iron oxide nanostructures. The sensors made of the α-Fe2O3 nanorings exhibit high sensitivity not only for bio-sensing of hydrogen peroxide in a physiological solution but also for gas-sensing of alcohol vapor at room temperature. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2007/c2176_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Vascular Calcifying Progenitor Cells Possess Bidirectional Differentiation Potentials (2013)

Vascular calcification is an advanced feature of atherosclerosis for which no effective therapy is available. To investigate the modulation or reversal of calcification, we identified calcifying progenitor cells and investigated their calcifying/decalcifying potentials. Cells from the aortas of mice were sorted into four groups using Sca-1 and PDGFRα markers. Sca-1(+) (Sca-1(+)/PDGFRα(+) and Sca-1(+)/PDGFRα(-)) progenitor cells exhibited greater osteoblastic differentiation potentials than Sca-1(-) (Sca-1(-)/PDGFRα(+) and Sca-1(-)/PDGFRα(-)) progenitor cells. Among Sca-1(+) progenitor populations, Sca-1(+)/PDGFRα(-) cells possessed bidirectional differentiation potentials towards both osteoblastic and osteoclastic lineages, whereas Sca-1(+)/PDGFRα(+) cells differentiated into an osteoblastic lineage unidirectionally. When treated with a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist, Sca-1(+)/PDGFRα(-) cells preferentially differentiated into osteoclast-like cells. Sca-1(+) progenitor cells in the artery originated from the bone marrow (BM) and could be clonally expanded. Vessel-resident BM-derived Sca-1(+) calcifying progenitor cells displayed nonhematopoietic, mesenchymal characteristics. To evaluate the modulation of in vivo calcification, we established models of ectopic and atherosclerotic calcification. Computed tomography indicated that Sca-1(+) progenitor cells increased the volume and calcium scores of ectopic calcification. However, Sca-1(+)/PDGFRα(-) cells treated with a PPARγ agonist decreased bone formation 2-fold compared with untreated cells. Systemic infusion of Sca-1(+)/PDGFRα(-) cells into Apoe(-/-) mice increased the severity of calcified atherosclerotic plaques. However, Sca-1(+)/PDGFRα(-) cells in which PPARγ was activated displayed markedly decreased plaque severity. Immunofluorescent staining indicated that Sca-1(+)/PDGFRα(-) cells mainly expressed osteocalcin; however, activation of PPARγ triggered receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB (RANK) expression, indicating their bidirectional fate in vivo. These findings suggest that a subtype of BM-derived and vessel-resident progenitor cells offer a therapeutic target for the prevention of vascular calcification and that PPARγ activation may be an option to reverse calcification.
High-Spatial-Resolution Multistation MR Imaging of Lower-Extremity Peripheral Vasculature with Segmented Volume Acquisition: Feasibility Study (2001)

A method of three-station three-dimensional magnetic resonance (MR) angiography of the lower extremities with segmented volume acquisition is presented. Three-dimensional MR angiographic data were acquired in two passes, with the central k-space views acquired during the arterial phase for the more proximal stations. This allowed a faster bolus injection rate and potentially improved visualization of the tibioperoneal arteries.
Characterization of spent fuel approved testing material---ATM-105 (1991)

The characterization data obtained to data are described for Approved Testing Material 105 (ATM-105), which is spent fuel from Bundles CZ346 and CZ348 of the Cooper Nuclear Power Plant, a boiling-water reactor. This report is one in a series being prepared by the Materials Characterization Center at Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) on spent fuel ATMs. The ATMs are receiving extensive examinations to provide a source of well-characterized spent fuel for testing in the US Department of Energy Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM) Program. ATM-105 consists of 88 full-length irradiated fuel rods with rod-average burnups of about 2400 GJ/kgM (28 MWd/kgM) and expected fission gas release of about 1%. Characterization data include (1) descriptions of as-fabricated fuel design, irradiation history, and subsequent storage and handling; (2) isotopic gamma scans; (3) fission gas analyses; (4) ceramography of the fuel and metallography of the cladding; (5) special fuel studies involving analytical transmission electron microscopy (AEM); (6) calculated nuclide inventories and radioactivities in the fuel and cladding; and (7) radiochemical analyses of the fuel and cladding. Additional analyses of the fuel are being conducted and will be included in planned revisions of this report.
Diagnostic utility of p501s (prostein) in comparison to prostate specific antigen (PSA) for the detection of metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma (2007)

P501s is an organ specific marker for benign and malignant prostatic epithelial cells. Its characteristic cytoplasmic stain pattern provides an additional valuable immunomarker for detection of metastatic prostatic malignancy, even though the intensity of its expression is reduced, as in the case with PSA. Simultaneous stains with P501S and PSA will greatly improve the detection rate and identify a significant majority of the metastases.
Autism and the synapse (2015)

Identifying converging pathways in syndromic forms of ASD will uncover novel therapeutic targets for non-syndromic ASD. Insights into developmental synaptopathies will lead to rational development of mechanism-based therapies and clinical trials that may provide a blueprint for other common pathways implicated in the molecular neuropathology of ASD.
Therapeutic Hypothermia Is Cytoprotective without Attenuating the Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Elevations in Interstitial Concentrations of Aspartate and Glutamate (1993)

Moderate hypothermia has been shown to have therapeutic utility in the treatment of cerebral ischemia and to attenuate the rise in interstitial concentrations of the excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter L-glutamate. In this study, the influence of hypothermia on traumatic brain injury (TBI) was assessed using a controlled cortical impact model. Rats were cooled to 32.0-33.0 degrees C at least 30 min before injury and maintained at this temperature for 2 h after injury. The influence of hypothermia on the immediate increase in interstitial concentrations of aspartate and glutamate and the volume of the resultant lesion 14 days after TBI was then determined. The volume of the lesion (mean +/- SEM) in hypothermic animals (8.2 +/- 1.3 mm3, n = 9) was significantly smaller than that of normothermic animals (13.2 +/- 1.7 mm3, n = 8). By contrast, TBI-induced increases in dialysate concentrations of aspartate and glutamate were similar at the two temperatures. Thus, aspartate content (nmol/10 min) in animals maintained at 37.0-37.5 degrees C (n = 6) and 32.0-33.0 degrees C (n = 6) increased from respective mean preinjury values of 0.05 +/- 0.02 and 0.08 +/- 0.02 to much larger peak values (0.78 +/- 0.13 and 0.71 +/- 0.09, respectively). Similarly, under normothermic conditions glutamate content (nmol/10 min) increased from 0.13 +/- 0.03 to 3.08 +/- 0.52 and from 0.19 +/- 0.06 to a peak value of 3.09 +/- 0.26 under hypothermic conditions. These data clearly demonstrate the cytoprotective action of moderate hypothermia and further suggest that this action is not mediated by attenuation of the rise in interstitial concentrations of aspartate and glutamate.
OLED Requirements for Solid‐State Lighting (2010)

Rapidly improving efficacy and lifetime make OLEDs practical for general illumination. Panel requirements for a number of product categories from a luminaire manufacturer's perspective will be discussed. In particular, the necessary efficacy is derived from both required illumination and thermal constraints. Based on the progress reported with regard to hybrid tandem OLEDs at this year's SID Symposium, 1 OLEDs should be able to meet the product roadmap outlined in this article.
Molecular Conformations of Crystalline<scp>l</scp>-Cysteine Determined with Vibrational Cross Angle Measurements (2013)

The molecular conformations of crystalline L-cysteine prepared in its orthorhombic form were determined by the vibrational cross angle measurements. Its major dihedral angles of chemical bonds determined by this method are consistent with the results from diffraction experiments. In addition, the relative orientations of the chemical bonds associated with the hydrogen atoms of the NH3(+) group and the thiol group are also determined. The results demonstrate that the vibrational cross angle method based on the multiple-mode approach can potentially become a structural tool for determining molecular conformations. The major challenges for the method to become a general molecular structural tool are discussed, and some approaches to address them are proposed.
Chemical Analysis of Surface by Fluorescent X-Ray Spectroscopy Using RHEED-SSD Method (1980)

A new RHEED apparatus combined with a Si(Li) solid-state detector has been constructed, and spectroscopy of fluorescent X-rays emitted during RHEED observation has been carried out using the detector. Preliminary measurements have revealed the usefulness of this apparatus both for chemical analysis of surfaces and for investigating the behaviour of incident electrons in surface layers. When Ag thin films evaporated on a clean Si(111) surface were studied, the smallest detectable amount was about 0.02 Å in mean thickness. The penetration depth of the primary electron beam in the Ag film at an accelerating voltage of 20 kV was estimated to be 33.0 Å from analysis of the intensity of AgLα and AgLβ lines with increasing thickness of the Ag films.
In Vivo Genetic Manipulation of Spermatogonial Stem Cells and Their Microenvironment by Adeno-Associated Viruses (2018)

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) penetrates the blood-brain barrier, but it is unknown whether AAV penetrates other tight junctions. Genetic manipulation of testis has been hampered by the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules and the blood-testis barrier (BTB), which forms between Sertoli cells and divides the tubules into basal and adluminal compartments. Here, we demonstrate in vivo genetic manipulation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and their microenvironment via AAV1/9. AAV1/9 microinjected into the seminiferous tubules penetrated both the basement membrane and BTB, thereby transducing not only Sertoli cells and SSCs but also peritubular cells and Leydig cells. Moreover, when congenitally infertile Kitl<sup>Sl</sup>/Kitl<sup>Sl-d</sup> mouse testes with defective Sertoli cells received Kitl-expressing AAVs, spermatogenesis regenerated and offspring were produced. None of the offspring contained the AAV genome. Thus, AAV1/9 allows efficient germline and niche manipulation by penetrating the BTB and basement membrane, providing a promising strategy for the development of gene therapies for reproductive defects.