gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alpha thalassaemia-mental retardation, X linked (2006)

X-linked alpha thalassaemia mental retardation (ATR-X) syndrome in males is associated with profound developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, genital abnormalities and alpha thalassaemia. Female carriers are usually physically and intellectually normal. So far, 168 patients have been reported. Language is usually very limited. Seizures occur in about one third of the cases. While many patients are affectionate with their caregivers, some exhibit autistic-like behaviour. Patients present with facial hypotonia and a characteristic mouth. Genital abnormalities are observed in 80% of children and range from undescended testes to ambiguous genitalia. Alpha-thalassaemia is not always present. This syndrome is X-linked recessive and results from mutations in the ATRX gene. This gene encodes the widely expressed ATRX protein. ATRX mutations cause diverse changes in the pattern of DNA methylation at heterochromatic loci but it is not yet known whether this is responsible for the clinical phenotype. The diagnosis can be established by detection of alpha thalassaemia, identification of ATRX gene mutations, ATRX protein studies and X-inactivation studies. Genetic counselling can be offered to families. Management is multidisciplinary: young children must be carefully monitored for gastro-oesophageal reflux as it may cause death. A number of individuals with ATR-X are fit and well in their 30s and 40s.
Kasami Code-Shift-Keying Modulation for Ultra-Wideband Communication Systems (2007)

Ultra-wideband (UWB) communication systems are generally applied to short-range wireless communications. In order to achieve higher rates or to support multiple access capabilities, direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) techniques have been introduced to UWB systems, and multiple pulses corresponding to a certain pseudo-noise (PN) code are transmitted to represent a symbol. In addition, the concept of M-ary code shift keying (M-CSK) was introduced into DSSS systems to achieve higher rates. In this work, we propose an M-CSK modulation technique based on the large set of Kasami sequences since it possesses good code properties, including a large code set size and low cross correlations. The modulation and demodulation schemes are developed, and the system performance in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and UWB channels exposed to multiple user interference is investigated thoroughly. It was found that the Kasami M-CSK modulation is superior to other M-CSK modulation schemes in the bandwidth efficiency, and therefore a higher data rate can be achieved. Furthermore, based on our proposed demodulation scheme, the hardware complexity of receivers can be greatly reduced to O(M <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/3</sup> ), and the implementation of receivers for a very large M becomes feasible.
A Specific Method for Purification of the Second Component of Guinea Pig Complement and a Chemical Evaluation of the One-Hit Theory (1970)

Abstract The second component of guinea pig complement (C2) may be isolated in good yield and in highly purified form by a specific method involving adsorption on EAC4 (sheep erythrocytes carrying rabbit anti-Forssman and guinea pig C4) at ionic strength 0.0686, pH 8.5 and 25° to 30°C, in the presence of 0.002 M MgCl2, 0.0003 M CaCl2 and 0.1% gelatin, followed by elution at ionic strength 0.147, pH 6.5 and 0°C, in the presence of 0.05% gelatin. The product is stable and does not contain guinea pig serum proteins other than C2, but there is heavy contamination with sheep erythrocyte proteins, mostly hemoglobin, which may be removed by two successive electrophoretic fractionations on polyacrylamide gel. The number of C2 molecules required for lysis of one cell was 1.1.
Hapten-sandwich labeling. II. Immunospecific attachment of cell surface markers suitable for scanning electron microscopy. (1975)

A hapten-sandwich procedure has been used for immunospecific labeling of cell surface antigens with markers visible by scanning electron microscopy. Antihapten antibody was used to link hapten-modified tobacco mosaic virus, bushy stunt virus, or hemocyanin to hapten-modified human erythrocytes. The antihapten antibody bridge was also used to link the hapten-virus marker to hapten-modified antibodies against mammary tumor virus on mouse mammary tumor cells, or against immunoglobulin receptors on mouse splenic lymphocytes. In all cases, labeling was highly specific. With this technique, it is possible to (a) compare morphological features of cells bearing differing cell surface antigens, and (b) examine the arrangement of specific antigenic sites on a cell surface or their distribution relative to membrane structures such as microvilli.
Effects of Twenty-Eight Days of Beta-Alanine and Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation on the Physical Working Capacity at Neuromuscular Fatigue Threshold (2006)

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 28 days of beta-alanine (b-Ala) and creatine monohydrate (CrM) supplementation on the onset of neuromuscular fatigue by using the physical working capacity at neuromuscular fatigue threshold (PWC(FT)) test in untrained men. Fifty-one men (mean age +/- SD = 24.5 +/- 5.3 years) volunteered to participate in this 28-day, double-blind, placebo-controlled study and were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: placebo (PLA; 34 g dextrose; n = 13), CrM (5.25 g CrM plus 34 g dextrose; n = 12), b-Ala (1.6 g b-Ala plus 34 g of dextrose; n = 12), or b-Ala plus CrM (CrBA; 5.25 g CrM plus 1.6 g b-Ala plus 34 g dextrose; n = 14). The supplement was ingested 4 times per day for 6 consecutive days, then twice per day for 22 days before posttesting. Before and after the supplementation, subjects performed a continuous incremental cycle ergometry test while a surface electromyographic signal was recorded from the vastus lateralis muscle to determine PWC(FT). The adjusted mean posttest PWC(FT) values (covaried for pretest PWC(FT) values) for the b-Ala and CrBA groups were greater than those for the PLA group (p < or = 0.05). However, there were no differences between the CrM vs. PLA, CrBA vs. b-Ala, CrM vs. b-Ala, or CrM vs. CrBA groups (p > 0.05). These findings suggested that b-Ala supplementation may delay the onset of neuromuscular fatigue. Furthermore, there appeared to be no additive or unique effects of CrM vs. b-Ala alone on PWC(FT).
Options in the surgical treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (2000)

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy causes substantial neurologic dysfunction in older patients. Surgery is the predominant treatment for this disease, but controversy exists over which surgical approach is most appropriate for a given presentation. This article briefly reviews recent studies on the different surgical options for the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Degenerative changes (spondylosis) affect the cervical spine as part of the normal aging process. They are also the most common causes of cervical cord and root dysfunction. Spondylotic changes often include narrowing of the intervertebral disc, ligamentum flavum hypertrophy, and uncovertebral and facet joint osteophytosis. When these naturally occurring processes are superimposed on a congenitally narrowed cervical canal, patients are likely to present with substantial foraminal or central stenosis. Once the stenosis has reached critical levels, myelopathy or radiculopathy can ensue.The overwhelming majority of patients who present with cervical radiculopathy will improve with nonoperative treatment, such as with muscle relaxants, analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications, and physical therapy [1•]. Natural history studies have suggest that certain subpopulations of cervical spondylotic myelopathy patients progressively deteriorate. For this reason, surgery is the predominant treatment for cervical spondylotic myelopathy to prevent progression. This review looks at various options for the surgical treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy, with particular interest in articles published within the last 24 months. Myelopathy secondary to tumors, infections, and inflammatory arthritis are beyond the scope of this review.
Biofeedback of Real-Time Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data from the Supplementary Motor Area Reduces Functional Connectivity to Subcortical Regions (2011)

Recent studies have reported that biofeedback of real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging data can enable people to gain control of activity in specific parts of their brain and can alter functional connectivity between brain areas. Here we describe a study using biofeedback of real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging data to train healthy subjects to control activity in their supplementary motor area (SMA), a region of interest in Tourette syndrome (TS). Although a significant increase in control over the SMA during biofeedback was not found, subjects were able to exert significant control over the SMA in later biofeedback sessions despite not having control in the first biofeedback session. Further, changes were found in their resting state functional connectivity. Specifically, when comparing functional connectivity to the SMA before and after biofeedback, the strength of functional connectivity with subcortical regions was reduced after the biofeedback. This suggests that biofeedback may allow subjects to develop greater conscious control over activity in their SMA by reducing the influence of corticostriatothalamocortical loops on the region. This possibility is promising for TS, where aberrant dynamics in corticostriatothalamocortical loops have long been suspected to give rise to tic symptoms. Further studies in TS patients are needed.
Hydroxylation of Benzene with Dinitrogen Monoxide over H-ZSM-5 Zeolite (1988)

Abstract Phenol was obtained from benzene and dinitrogen monoxide over H-ZSM-5 zeolite at 603 K, a phenol yield on a benzene basis being 8.1% at partial pressures of benzene and dinitrogen monoxide of 6.9 kPa and 51 kPa, respectively. Neither CO nor CO2 was detected in the product.
The Effects of Antenna Orientation Errors on UMTS Network Performance (2006)

Inconsistencies in setting up antenna azimuth and tilt during installation may reduce overall network performance. However, the degree of quality degradation depends on the amount of the discrepancy between the designed and installed parameters. The paper investigates the effect of these errors on UMTS RAN key performance indicators, including coverage, signal quality (EC/I0), and soft-handoff areas. Two examples are studied that include real field tests and measurement data. The studies show the effect of azimuth and tilt installation inaccuracies on UMTS network quality
Soft X-ray Absorption and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Study of Tautomerism in Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds of <i>N</i>-Salicylideneaniline Derivatives (1997)

The tautomerism in solid phase was studied by near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy at the N K- and O K-edges and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in the N1s and O1s regions for five N-salicylideneaniline derivatives: N,N‘-disalicylidene-1,6-pyrenediamine (DSPY), N,N‘-disalicylidene-p-phenylenediamine (BSP), N-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylidene)-1-pyrenylamine (NPY), N,N‘-di(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylidene)-p-phenylenediamine (DNP), and the complex between DNP and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (DNP-TCNQ). The NEXAFS spectral features were assigned by (1) the comparison with the core excitation spectra of reference compounds and (2) ab initio MO calculations of the core-excited states by the improved virtual orbital method using the relaxed Hartree−Fock orbitals. The tautomeric structures were deduced by the intensity of peaks characteristic of the tautomers in OH- and NH-forms. The XPS spectra gave structures consistent with those by NEXAFS and also allowed quantitative estimation of the relative tautomer populations. The results range from the dominance of the OH-form in DSPY and BSP to a comparable mixture of the OH- and NH-forms in DNP and DNP-TCNQ. These structures are consistent with the previous estimation by X-ray diffraction (XD), except for DNP-TCNQ where XD suggested the NH-form dominance. The good correlation of the population by XPS with the C−O bond length by XD supports the present conclusion for DNP-TCNQ. These results demonstrate the usefulness of NEXAFS as well as XPS for studying the tautomerism in hydrogen bonded systems.
Gamut extension for cinema: psychophysical evaluation of the state of the art and a new algorithm (2015)

Wide gamut digital display technology, in order to show its full potential in terms of colors, is creating an opportunity to develop gamut extension algorithms (GEAs). To this end, in this work we present two contributions. First we report a psychophysical evaluation of GEAs specifically for cinema using a digital cinema projector under cinematic (low ambient light) conditions; to the best of our knowledge this is the first evaluation of this kind reported in the literature. Second, we propose a new GEA by introducing simple but key modifications to the algorithm of Zamir et al. This new algorithm performs well in terms of skin tones and memory colors, with results that look natural and which are free from artifacts.
Association Between Student Performance in a Medical Communication Skills Course and Patient-Physician Interaction Scores on a Clinical Performance Examination (2008)

Since 2006,
Trajectory planning and tracking control for LED placement spray wax robot (2014)

For the motion system of a LED placement spray wax robot, this paper uses shortest path planning method of optimization theory to plan the robot's motion trajectory. It uses high order polynomial to plan spray wax robot's joint movement. Guided by the determining learning theory, this paper uses radial basis function (RBF) to design an adaptive neural network controller (ANNC). It tracks and controls the motion process of robot to move along the planned trajectory. This ensures the stability and rapidity of robot movement to achieve the purpose of save time and energy. Experiment is conducted using the algorithm designed in this paper, and comparison experiment with PID algorithm is also well done. The experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of the method designed in this paper.
Cross-language spoken document retrieval using HMM-based retrieval model with multi-scale fusion (2003)

Cross-language spoken document retrieval (CL-SDR) is the technology that facilitates automatic retrieval of relevant information from a collection of spoken documents in a language that is different from that used in the queries. Information sources that are in different languages can then be retrieved automatically with CL-SDR, and the number of searchable information sources will increase significantly. The HMM-based retrieval model is a probabilistic formulation for the retrieval problem. Extensions to this retrieval model can be made by taking advantage of its probabilistic nature. Specifically, we have incorporated the translation component to make it possible to perform cross-language information retrieval (CLIR). In addition, this HMM-based CLIR retrieval model is also extended for retrieval at subword scales.In this work the extended HMM-based retrieval model has been applied to an English-Mandarin CL-SDR task, which is to search the Mandarin spoken document collection with English queries at word and subword scales. Retrieval results obtained from these indexing scales are then fused for multi-scale CL-SDR. Experimental results demonstrate that improvement in CL-SDR retrieval performance can be achieved by fusion of word and subword scales.
Enhancing homeland security with advanced UWB sensors (2003)

This article discusses recent research into short-range UWB radars that have the potential to create more robust perimeter security sensor systems for exterior installations. It also briefly discusses existing UWB sensors to show how they establish a technical precedent for today's research.
Current role of fenofibrate in the prevention and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (2013)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common health problem with a high mortality burden due to its liver- and vascular-specific complications. It is associated with obesity, high-fat diet as well as with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Impaired hepatic fatty acid (FA) turnover together with insulin resistance are key players in NAFLD pathogenesis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are involved in lipid and glucose metabolic pathways. The novel concept is that the activation of the PPARα subunit may protect from liver steatosis. Fenofibrate, by activating PPARα, effectively improves the atherogenic lipid profile associated with T2DM and MetS. Experimental evidence suggested various protective effects of the drug against liver steatosis. Namely, fenofibrate-related PPARα activation may enhance the expression of genes promoting hepatic FA β-oxidation. Furthermore, fenofibrate reduces hepatic insulin resistance. It also inhibits the expression of inflammatory mediators involved in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis pathogenesis. These include tumor necrosis factor-α, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Consequently, fenofibrate can limit hepatic macrophage infiltration. Other liver-protective effects include decreased oxidative stress and improved liver microvasculature function. Experimental studies showed that fenofibrate can limit liver steatosis associated with high-fat diet, T2DM and obesity-related insulin resistance. Few studies showed that these benefits are also relevant even in the clinical setting. However, these have certain limitations. Namely, these were uncontrolled, their sample size was small, fenofibrate was used as a part of multifactorial approach, while histological data were absent. In this context, there is a need for large prospective studies, including proper control groups and full assessment of liver histology.
Plasma Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate in Normal and Pathological Conditions (1969)

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DS) in human peiipheral plasma was estimated under various experimental conditions. In both sexes base-line plasma levels of DS were found to be low before puberty, to reach their maximum between the late stage of the second decade and the early period of the third decade, and to decline with advancing age. The values were higher in young male than those in young female subjects. ACTH administration caused a definite increase in plasma DS as compared to the control values, and there was no difference between young and aged groups in per cent increase in plasma DS values after ACTH stimulation. Plasma DS levels were suppressed up to 21% of the control values after administration of dexamethasone, 2 mg daily for 3 days, and chronic treatment with prednisolone lowered plasma DS levels to near zero values. HCG produced no significant effect on plasma DS levels. Concentrations of plasma DS in 20 patients with hypoadrenocorticism were distinctly low in all cases. In 9 of 12 patients with Cushing's syndrome due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia, elevated plasma DS levels were exhibited; in the remaining 3 patients, including one case of multinodular hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex, plasma DS values were within the normal range. In sharp contrast, the plasma DS levels were significantly low in all cases of 12 patients with Cushing's syndrome due to benign adrenal cortical adenoma. The marked differences in DS concentrations in adrenal and peripheral vein plasma collected at surgical operation or by catheterization were observed in 3 patients with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia, while the differences were only minimal or absent in 4 patients with adrenal cortical adenoma. These results suggest that the estimation of peripheral plasma DS would be a valuable indicator of the adrenal secretion of C19 steroids and could be of help in determining the etiology of Cushing's syndrome.
Human Growth Hormone (1959)

THE recent isolation of human growth hormone from pituitary glands collected at autopsy has been of major importance in the investigation of human pituitary physiology.1 , 2 Metabolic studies have confirmed the remarkable anabolic and growth-promoting actions of this hormone in man,3 , 4 in contrast to the negative or equivocal clinical results previously observed with bovine growth hormone. The unusually high species specificity of human growth hormone has been further demonstrated by immunologic studies, in which antigenic similarity and biologic effectiveness have closely paralleled one another among various mammalian species.5 An assay taking advantage of immunologic specificity was first reported by Read and . . .
A comparison between cobalt and linear accelerator-based treatment plans for conformal and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (2008)

The simplicity of cobalt units gives them the advantage of reduced maintenance, running costs and downtime when compared with linear accelerators. However, treatments carried out on such units are typically limited to simple techniques. This study has explored the use of cobalt beams for conformal and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Six patients, covering a range of treatment sites, were planned using both X-ray photons (6/10 MV) and cobalt-60 gamma rays (1.17 and 1.33 MeV). A range of conformal and IMRT techniques were considered, as appropriate. Conformal plans created using cobalt beams for small breast, meningioma and parotid cases were found to compare well with those created using X-ray photons. By using additional fields, acceptable conformal plans were also created for oesophagus and prostate cases. IMRT plans were found to be of comparable quality for meningioma, parotid and thyroid cases on the basis of dose-volume histogram analysis. We conclude that it is possible to plan high-quality radical radiotherapy treatments for cobalt units. A well-designed beam blocking/compensation system would be required to enable a practical and efficient alternative to multileaf collimator (MLC)-based linac treatments to be offered. If cobalt units were to have such features incorporated into them, they could offer considerable benefits to the radiotherapy community.
Enhanced Engraftment of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Cutaneous Wound Model by Culture in Allogenic Species‐Specific Serum and Administration in Fibrin Constructs (2006)

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), also referred to as multipotent stromal cells, are currently being applied in clinical trials for bone diseases, graft versus host disease, and myocardial infarction. However, the standard growth medium for hMSCs contains 10%-20% fetal calf serum (FCS), and FCS is strongly immunogenic in both rodents and humans. Previously, we reported that by a sensitive fluorescence-based assay, 7-30 mg of internalized FCS is associated with 10(8) hMSCs, a dosage that will probably be needed for most therapies. We also found that a brief culture in medium containing autologous 20% adult human serum (AHS) or autologous 10% AHS supplemented with growth factors (AHS(+)) reduced the contamination by more than 99.9%. We have now extensively characterized the culture conditions and shown that hMSC expansion is possible using heterologous 20% AHS or heterologous 10% AHS(+). The uptake of FCS is an active process that acts to concentrate contamination in the cells even under low serum conditions (2% FCS) but can be actively displaced by incubation of the cells in medium with AHS. Rat MSCs (rMSCs) can be expanded under similar conditions using supplemented heterologous adult rat serum (ARS(+)). After expansion in FCS, a further 8 days of culture with ARS(+) significantly improves the viability of the rMSCs in vivo after encapsulation in fibrin followed by subcutaneous implantation in rats. Our results have the potential to dramatically improve cellular and genetic therapies using hMSCs.