gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Golgi apparatus and the centrosome are localized to the sites of newly emerging axons in cerebellar granule neurons in vitro (1998)

Cultured cerebellar granule neurons develop their characteristic axonal and dendritic morphologies in a series of discrete temporal steps highly similar to those observed in situ, initially extending a single process, followed by the extension of a second process from the opposite pole of the cell, both of which develop into axons to generate a bipolar morphology. A mature morphology is attained following the outgrowth of multiple, short dendrites [Powell et al., 1997: J. Neurobiol. 32:223-236]. To determine the relationship between the localization of the Golgi apparatus, the site of microtubule nucleation (the centrosome), and the sites of initial and secondary axonal extension, the intracellular positioning of the Golgi and centrosome was observed during the differentiation of postnatal mouse granule neurons in vitro. The Golgi was labeled using the fluorescent lipid analogue, C5-DMB-Ceramide, or by indirect immunofluorescence using antibodies against the Golgi resident protein, alpha-mannosidase II. At 1-2 days in vitro (DIV), the Golgi was positioned at the base of the initial process in 99% of unipolar cells observed. By 3 DIV, many cells began the transition to a bipolar morphology by extending a short neurite from the pole of the cell opposite to the initial process. The Golgi was observed at this site of secondary outgrowth in 92% of these "transitional" cells, suggesting that the Golgi was repositioned from the base of the initial process to the site of secondary neurite outgrowth. As the second process elongated and the cells proceeded to the bipolar stage of development, or at later stages when distinct axonal and somatodendritic domains had been established, the Golgi was not consistently positioned at the base of either axons or dendrites, and was most often found at sites on the plasma membrane from which no processes originated. To determine the location of the centrosome in relation to the Golgi during development, granule neurons were labeled with antibodies against gamma-tubulin and optically sectioned using confocal microscopy. The centrosome was consistently co-localized with the Golgi during all stages of differentiation, and also appeared to be repositioned to the base of the newly emerging axon during the transition from a unipolar to a bipolar morphology. These findings indicate that during the early stages of granule cell axonal outgrowth, the Golgi-centrosome is positioned at the base of the initial axon and is then repositioned to the base of the newly emerging secondary axon. Such an intracellular reorientation of these organelles may be important in maintaining the characteristic developmental pattern of granule neurons by establishing the polarized microtubule network and the directed flow of membranous vesicles required for initial axonal elaboration.
Preparation of Cobalt Nanocrystals Supported on Metal Oxides To Study Particle Growth in Fischer–Tropsch Catalysts (2018)

Colloidal synthesis of nanocrystals (NC) followed by their attachment to a support and activation is a promising route to prepare model catalysts for research on structure-performance relationships. Here, we investigated the suitability of this method to prepare well-defined Co/TiO<sub>2</sub> and Co/SiO<sub>2</sub> catalysts for the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis with high control over the cobalt particle size. To this end, Co-NC of 3, 6, 9, and 12 nm with narrow size distributions were synthesized and attached uniformly on either TiO<sub>2</sub> or SiO<sub>2</sub> supports with comparable morphology and Co loadings of 2-10 wt %. After activation in H<sub>2</sub>, the FT activity of the TiO<sub>2</sub>-supported 6 and 12 nm Co-NC was similar to that of a Co/TiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst prepared by impregnation, showing that full activation was achieved and relevant catalysts had been obtained; however, 3 nm Co-NC on TiO<sub>2</sub> were less active than anticipated. Analysis after FT revealed that all Co-NC on TiO<sub>2</sub> as well as 3 nm Co-NC on SiO<sub>2</sub> had grown to ∼13 nm, while the sizes of the 6 and 9 nm Co-NC on SiO<sub>2</sub> had remained stable. It was found that the 3 nm Co-NC on TiO<sub>2</sub> already grew to 10 nm during activation in H<sub>2</sub>. Furthermore, substantial amounts of Co (up to 60%) migrated from the Co-NC to the support during activation on TiO<sub>2</sub> against only 15% on SiO<sub>2</sub>. We showed that the stronger interaction between cobalt and TiO<sub>2</sub> leads to enhanced catalyst restructuring as compared to SiO<sub>2</sub>. These findings demonstrate the potential of the NC-based method to produce relevant model catalysts to investigate phenomena that could not be studied using conventionally synthesized catalysts.
Visual outcome after vitrectomy for diabetic retinopathy (1993)

For 5 years after surgery we measured visual acuity in 56 eyes that had undergone pars plana vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. A total of 44.7% eyes maintained improved visual outcome, 19.6% had unchanged visual acuity, and 35.7% were considered failures, as compared to preoperative measurements. Visual results obtained from each patient's visual acuity measured at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 3 years after surgery were statistically compared with that obtained from the visual acuity at 5 years using the chi 2 test. Results showed that visual results recorded at 3 months and 6 months were significantly different from that recorded at the 5-year follow-up (p < 0.02, respectively). We found a tendency for the visual acuity to change during the initial 6 months after surgery and to stabilize by 1 year. Further analysis showed that the initial instability was due to the presence of preoperative retinal detachment. Postoperative visual functions also worsened with complications such as postoperative retinal detachment, glaucoma, and cataract formation.
A high density, low leakage, 5T SRAM for embedded caches (2004)

This paper describes an embedded high density 128 Kb memory, utilizing a 5-transistor (5T) single bitline SRAM cell in a standard 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. The 5T-SRAM cell allows writing of '1', when the voltage at its single bitline is at Vcc. As a consequence, for a nondestructive read operation, the bitline is precharged to a voltage Vpc=600 mV<Vcc=1.8 V. A 128 Kb memory, based on the 5T SRAM cell, has 23% smaller area, 75% lower bitline leakage, and a read/write performance comparable to a conventional 6T SRAM. The robustness of the design has been validated at worst-case process variations.
Sterilization of Empty Containers for Food Industry (1959)

A novel method for sterilizing glass containers with ozonized air has been developed. When used to replace a sulfur dioxide sterilization process, it resulted in substantial operating economies. Operation of a fully automatic soft drink plant is described.
Expression of CD20 after viral reactivation renders HIV-reservoir cells susceptible to Rituximab (2019)

The identification of exclusive markers to target HIV-reservoir cells will represent a significant advance in the search for therapies to cure HIV. Here, we identify the B lymphocyte antigen CD20 as a marker for HIV-infected cells in vitro and in vivo. The CD20 molecule is dimly expressed in a subpopulation of CD4-positive (CD4<sup>+</sup>) T lymphocytes from blood, with high levels of cell activation and heterogeneous memory phenotypes. In lymph node samples from infected patients, CD20 is present in productively HIV-infected cells, and ex vivo viral infection selectively upregulates the expression of CD20 during early infection. In samples from patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) this subpopulation is significantly enriched in HIV transcripts, and the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody Rituximab induces cell killing, which reduces the pool of HIV-expressing cells when combined with latency reversal agents. We provide a tool for targeting this active HIV-reservoir after viral reactivation in patients while on ART.
Colaminated single and multichip package development (2002)

Next generation single and multichip packages must support flip chip assembly of die with a very high number of I/O. Cofire ceramic technology has been the traditional solution. We report on a new packaging technology that, in many ways, is an organic version Cofire ceramic. This "Colamination" process leverages recent developments in adhesiveless flex circuitry and low temperature sinterable materials to produce multilayer structures with sintered blind and buried vias in a single lamination step. This paper describes the fabrication of a 6-metal layer 751 I/O flip chip test vehicle with the Colamination process. Novaclad/sup TM/ flex circuit layer pairs, ViaPly/sup TM/ bond ply layers, and a metal stiffener are colaminated to form the package substrate. The package design takes advantage of Novaclad/sup TM/ design rules, which includes microvias in die attach and BGA pads. Test vehicle design, substrate fabrication, flip chip assembly, thermomechanical, and environmental test results are described.
Chronic Effect of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix on Renal Tissue Blood Flow and Blood Pressure in Uremic Rats (1987)

The chronic effect of oral administration of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix extract on renal tissue blood flow and blood pressure was investigated in uremic rats. Chronic administration of the aqueous extract from Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix to rats significantly increased renal tissue blood flow by 32 and 38% on days 12 and 24, respectively. Blood pressure measured by the tail-cuff method was significantly decreased by 4-8% on the 6th, 18th, and 24th d. The uremia-alleviating action of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix extract is discussed on the basis of the present results.
Ontology Approach in Lens Design (2012)

Contemporary lens-CAD systems are powerful instruments for optical design (“CODE V”, “OSLO”, “SYNOPSYS”,...). Some of them provide user with suggestions considering suitable starting point using a database of stock lenses from various vendors, what limits them to the number of existing solutions. Proposed algorithm synthesizes lens schemes for any combination of technical requirements starting from only one basic element.
Determination of Verdet constant from combined ac and dc measurements (1993)

Two methods of determination of the Verdet constant (V) for an optically transparent medium are described. These methods use the same apparatus in which the intensity of a monochromatic beam of light is modulated by passing it, successively, through a polarizer, the medium under test (contained within a solenoid which carries ac of frequency f in its windings), and an analyzer. The emergent beam is incident on a detector which produces a steady output voltage Uo for the special conditions of the optical system set for maximum transmittance and, simultaneously, zero modulation. Methods I and II, which were tested by determining V for water for the wavelength 643.3 nm, are based, respectively, on the ratios u1/Uo and u2/Uo, where u1 is the rms value of detector output voltage varying at frequency f and u2 is the corresponding output varying at frequency 2 f. The three mean values of V from method I, method II, and a literature survey agree to within 1%. The standard deviation in the values of V by method I (eight determinations) is 0.8% of the mean and by method II (16 determinations) is 1.4%, leading to respective standard errors of the mean (attributable to random errors) of 0.3% and 0.4%. By either method there is, additionally, 0.4% systematic uncertainty in V arising from calibration accuracy of the instrumentation. The total range of Faraday rotation angles studied spanned the range 2×10−4–0.24 deg rms.
Incomplete transfer in charge-transfer devices (1973)

The authors present a general analysis of incomplete charge transfer in charge transfer devices. By using a lumped-charge model to characterize the dynamics of the charge transfer, they calculate /spl alpha/, the small-signal coefficient of incomplete transfer, in terms of single-device small-signal parameters. They show that three contributions to incomplete transfer are common to all charge-transfer shift registers: an intrinsic transfer rate contribution, an output conductance or feedback contribution, and a storage-capacitance modulation contribution. The analysis suggests that most relevant measurements necessary to characterize incomplete transfer can be made on a single cell of a shift register that has input and output diffusions. This allows transconductance etc., to be measured on a small-signal basis as a function of transfer current, from which one can calculate transfer efficiencies. An analysis of the influence of interface states which may be important for some charge transfer devices, is also included.
Molecular cloning of a human immunoglobulin λ chain variable sequence (1984)

We have cloned a human V lambda cDNA sequence from an Ig lambda-producing human Burkitt lymphoma cell line (BL2) by taking advantage of a cloned constant region gene as a primer for cDNA synthesis instead of an oligo(dT) primer. The amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence of V lambda clones is highly related to that of the NEW V lambda protein of subgroup I. Southern blot hybridization of human DNAs with the V lambda I probe showed at least 12 hybridizing V lambda fragments. These fragments are amplified in K562 cells which derive from a case of chronic myelogenous leukemia and contain an amplified c-abl oncogene and amplified C lambda sequences.
Structure and expression of the human insulin-like growth factor genes. (1992)

The human insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are important regulators of growth, which exert their functions via endocrine, paracrine and autocrine mechanisms of action. Structural analysis of the genes coding for IGF-I and -II has revealed that they have a complex exon-intron structure and possess multiple promoters. The expression of the IGF genes is regulated at the levels of transcription, RNA processing and translation. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the structure and expression of these genes.
Optimal Sensing-Transmission Structure for Dynamic Spectrum Access (2009)

In cognitive wireless networks where secondary users (SUs) opportunistically access spectral white spaces of primary users (PUs), there exists an inherent tradeoff between sensing and transmission due to the competing goals of PU protection and SU access maximization. This paper studies means of sensing-transmission for SUs to better manage the competing goals by defining utility function to reward the SU for successful packet transmissions and to penalize it for colliding with PU. To maximize the SU utility, we present a threshold-based sensing-transmission structure that is optimal under a technical constraint. Both perfect sensing and imperfect sensing are considered, with or without SU acknowledgement of reception. This SU access scheme optimizes SU access efficiency while protecting PU performance. It sets a benchmark and provides insight for the design of sensing-transmission control in cognitive networks such as IEEE 802.22.
Percutaneous Prepubic Urinary Drainage in Normal Cats (1983)

Urinary drainage was maintained in six cats for 3 days using Stamey percutaneous suprapubic catheters. Necropsies were performed 7 to 9 hours after catheter removal in three cats and 5 days after catheter removal in three cats. The catheter tract in the bladders had sealed within 9 hours of catheter removal. Focal areas of hemorrhage were observed on gross examination. Histopathologic examination revealed focal areas of hemorrhage and inflammation. Throughout the study, the cats remained alert and had normal appetites and normal serum creatinine. All of the cats had gross hematuria that resolved within 24 to 48 hours of catheter insertion. Two cats developed bacteriuria.
Thrombin Potentiation of Factor VIII Procoagulant Activity: Assessment by the Two-Stage Assay (1982)

Factor VIII (FVIII) procoagulant activity is the function of a plasma glycoprotein that is missing or inactive in patients with classic hemophilia. Numerous studies have shown that trace thrombin causes rapid enhancement followed by gradual inactivation of FVIII procoagulant activity. Recent evidence suggests that thrombin activation of the FVIII/von Willebrand factor (vWF) protein is required for inactivation to occur. All of these studies have used the one-stage partial thromboplastin time to assay FVIII activity. Other investigators have used the two-stage assay of FVIII activity and have been unable to demonstrate thrombin-induced enhancement of FVIII activity, although inactivation has consistently occurred. We performed experiments designed to help resolve this disagreement, using the two-stage assay specifically modified to detect thrombin potentiation of FVIII activity. The length of the first-stage incubation time was found to be critical in demonstrating the initial effect of thrombin on FVIII activity. Taking advantage of this finding we were able to show a 4.1 +/- 0.5-fold enhancement of FVIII activity upon incubating purified FVIII/vWF with 0.04 NIH unit thrombin per ml. The apparent enhancement of FVIII activity declined with increasing thrombin concentration. Incubation with 0.08, 0.16, and 0.32 NIH unit thrombin per ml resulted in only 3.2 +/- 0.5, 2.6 +/- 0.5 and 1.5 +/- 0.3-fold enhancement, respectively, of FVIII activity. As with results from the one-stage assay, activation was followed by slow inactivation of FVIII/vWF. Using the two-stage assay we also showed 100% inactivation and 100% inhibition of FVIII activity by plasmin and human anti-FVIII IgG, respectively. Plasmin inactivation of FVIII activity showed a dose-response effect. Thrombin was unable to activate plasmin-degraded FVIII/vWF. Our results show that thrombin potentiation of FVIII activity is easily demonstrable in the two-stage assay. These findings support the contention that activation of FVIII activity by thrombin is prerequisite for inactivation and underscore the importance of thrombin activation of FVIII/vWF in the intrinsic clotting system.
Deterministic chaos in the elastic pendulum: A simple laboratory for nonlinear dynamics (1992)

The chaotic motion of the elastic pendulum is studied by means of four indicators, the Poincaré section, the maximum Lyapunov exponent, the correlation function, and the power spectrum. It is shown that for very low and very large energies the motion is regular while it is very irregular for intermediate energies. Analytical considerations and graphical representations concerning the applicability of KAM theorem are also presented. This system and the type of description used are very suitable to introduce undergraduate students to nonlinear dynamics.
Auditory Perceptual Impairments in Children with Specific Language Disorders (1981)

This article reviews the literature on auditory perceptual impairments in children with language disorders. It is suggested that, rather than a higher-order cognitive or "linguistic" deficit, the underlying deficit in childhood language disorders is a perceptual one. The perceptual impairment may consist of a deficiency in detecting acoustic features in the speech wave that normally cue certain phonemes. Support for this hypothesis comes from clinical observations and experimental studies of aphasic adults as well as language-disordered children. The most consistent finding of the studies with language-disordered children has been that they have difficulty making perceptual judgments of the order of rapid sequences of brief sounds, such as synthetic speech and non-speech stimuli. However, these children perceive the sequences more accurately if the duration of the stimuli or the inter-stimulus intervals are extended. This suggests a "rate-specific" auditory perceptual deficit in language-disordered children for rapid acoustic information, such as the distinctive acoustic features of speech sounds. Treatment and future research implications are discussed.
Optimization of an Isocratic Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatographic System for the Separation of Fourteen Steroids Using Factorial Design and Computer Simulation (1990)

An optimization strategy for an isocratic reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic system (RP-HPLC) is described. Factorial design and a computer program are used to predict the retention time and resolution of fourteen steroids. An optimized rapid (less than 25 min) isocratic RP-HPLC system for the satisfactory separation of cortisone, cortisol, corticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, 11-deoxycorticosterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, progesterone, androstenedione, testosterone, estrone, estradiol, estriol, prednisone acetate and dexamethasone acetate has been developed using this strategy through eight experiments.
Persistence of Immunoglobulin M or Immunoglobulin G Antibody Responses to<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>10–20 Years after Active Lyme Disease (2001)

The interpretation of serological results for patients who had Lyme disease many years ago is not well defined. We studied the serological status of 79 patients who had had Lyme disease 10-20 years ago and did not currently have signs or symptoms of active Lyme disease. Of the 40 patients who had had early Lyme disease alone, 4 (10%) currently had IgM responses to Borrelia burgdorferi, and 10 (25%) still had IgG reactivity to the spirochete, as determined by a 2-test approach (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot). Of the 39 patients who had had Lyme arthritis, 6 (15%) currently had IgM responses and 24 (62%) still had IgG reactivity to the spirochete. IgM or IgG antibody responses to B. burgdorferi may persist for 10-20 years, but these responses are not indicative of active infection.
Co-modal browser-an interface for wearable computers (2003)

Describes user tests on a co-modal browser, a general interface for wearable devices that can communicate through a browser. The co-modal browser is a Handheld Device Markup Language (HDML) browser with fully integrated visual display, synthetic speech, voice command, short sounds and buttons. The browser was tested for hands-free, eyes-free, and hands-and-eyes-free use. Usability test results are presented that should be of use to wearable computer researchers concerned with hands-and-eyes-free use. The co-modal concept is demonstrated as being viable on an HDML browser.
Simple, fast, 2.5-V CMOS logic with 0.25-μm channel lengths and damascene interconnect (2002)

An advanced half-micron CMOS technology is demonstrated. Devices with 0.25-/spl mu/m channel lengths provide high speed. Reduced supply voltage is employed to provide reliability with low-cost processing. A damascene tungsten interconnect fabricated using a nitride etch stop allows use of 30-/spl mu/m/sup 2/ SRAM cells.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>