gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inferring OpenFlow rules by active probing in software-defined networks (2017)

Software-defined networking (SDN) separates the control plane from underlying devices, and allows it to control the data plane from a global view. While SDN brings conveniences to management, it also introduces new security threats. Knowing reactive rules, attackers can launch denial-of-service (DoS) attacks by sending numerous rule-matched packets which trigger packet-in packets to overburden the controller. In this work, we present a novel method “INferring SDN by Probing and Rule Extraction” (INSPIRE) to discover the flow rules in SDN from probing packets. We evaluate the delay time from probing packets, classify them into defined classes, and infer the rules. This method involves three relevant steps: probing, clustering and rule inference. First, forged packets with various header fields are sent to measure processing and propagation time in the path. Second, it classifies the packets into multiple classes by using k-means clustering based on packet delay time. Finally, the apriori algorithm will find common header fields in the classes to infer the rules. We show how INSPIRE is able to infer flow rules via simulation, and the accuracy of inference can be up to 98.41% with very low false-positive rates.
Angiogenic Response Caused by Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus–Induced Reduced Thrombospondin Expression Can Be Prevented by Specific Viral Mutations or by Administering a Thrombospondin-Derived Peptide (2007)

Wild-type (WT) herpes simplex virus (HSV) causes some pathology, such as ocular keratitis, by increasing infected tissue vascularity, possibly reflecting altered angiogenic factor expression in infected cells. Oncolytic HSVs possess specific mutations enabling selective replication in tumor cells. We investigated whether this ability to enhance infected tissue vascularity is retained in oncolytic HSV, which could be an undesirable effect of oncolytic HSVs that may need to be addressed when treating tumors with oncolytic HSVs. s.c. tumors derived from U87 human glioma cells in athymic mice were treated with oncolytic HSVs G207 or G47Delta in the presence or absence of a recombinant protein composed of the three type-1 repeats (3TSR) of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1). Real-time reverse transcription-PCR and Western blot of infected cultured cells measured angiogenic factor expression. Microvessel density was assessed using immunofluorescence. G207-treated U87 s.c. tumors had elevated microvessel densities compared with saline- and G47Delta-treated tumors, and G207 treatment caused delayed tumor growth resumption. G207-infected U87 and U373 cells exhibited reduced protein, not mRNA, expression of angiogenesis inhibitors TSP-1 and thrombospondin-2 (TSP-2). 3TSR restored the G207-treated tumor microvessel density to the low level of G47Delta-treated tumors and prevented delayed growth resumption. Oncolytic HSV G207 thus retains the ability of WT HSV to increase infected tissue vascularity. In infected tumors, this increased vascularity is mediated by reduced TSP-1 and TSP-2 levels and causes delayed tumor growth resumption. Incorporating viral mutations, such as those seen in G47Delta or administering thrombospondin-derived peptides, counteracts the angiogenic effect of oncolytic HSV and should be considered when designing oncolytic HSV therapies.
Dynamic mechanical properties of polymer–leather composites (1985)

Abstract The effects of polymer impregnation, moisture, and lubricant oils on the complex modulus of the grain layer of leather have been studied. The impregnated materials were prepared by introducing a mixture of polyurethane oligomer and vinyl monomers into the grain layer and polymerizing by electron‐beam irradiation. Synergism was observed in the interaction of the components of the system and analyzed in terms of the adhesion of the polymer to the collagen fibers.
atpk1, a novel ribosomal protein kinase gene from Arabidopsis. I. Isolation, characterization, and expression (1994)

Two protein kinase genes (atpk1 and atpk2) were isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana genomic DNA with a probe generated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using oligonucleotide primers encoding conserved eukaryotic protein kinase sequences. atpk1 and atpk2 are organized in a head-to-tail tandem array on chromosome 3 and have about 80% nucleotide sequence identity. atpk1 encodes a hydrophilic polypeptide of 465 amino acids, M(r) = 52,554. The centrally located catalytic domain contains all the conserved residues characteristic of eukaryotic protein kinases, with greatest similarity to the catalytic domains of 70-kDa ribosomal S6 protein kinase, protein kinase C, and protein kinase A. The C-terminal 75 residues also show homology to protein kinase C and S6 protein kinase. In contrast, the N-terminal 130 residues have no homology to any known protein, and thus may represent a new class of protein kinase regulatory domain. Other motifs found in the Atpk1 protein include two putative autophosphorylation sites, a pseudosubstrate site, two acidic domains, a lysine-rich domain, and two putative PEST sequences, which may contribute to the regulation of protein kinase activity. RNA-blot hybridization showed that atpk1 encoded a 1.8-kb mRNA. Analysis of atpk1 promoter/beta-glucuronidase reporter gene fusions in transgenic plants showed that atpk1 was expressed in all tissues and at all developmental stages, with the strongest expression observed in metabolically active tissues, suggesting that atpk1 is involved in the control of plant growth and development. The first intron of atpk1 functions as an enhancer in atpk1 expression.
Density-Graded TBCs Processed by EB-PVD. (1990)

The manufacture and performance of yttria partially stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coatings (TBC) on superalloys and on a superalloy eutectic were investigated. The TBCs were generated by electron-beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). Performance was studied in a hot gas burner rig. Failure modes result from individual stress distribution and microstructural evolution within the TBC. A controlled columnar structure within density-graded TBC is expected to enable the coating life to be prolonged.
A fault-tolerant integrated navigation method for land vehicle (2010)

A fault-tolerant integrated navigation method for land vehicle is researched in this paper, which is based on inertial measurement unit (IMU), global positioning system (GPS) and dead reckoning system (DRS). Firstly, position and velocity outputs of IMU and GPS are taken to construct measurements of IMU/GPS integrated navigation, and IMU/GPS Kalman filtering algorithm is deduced and designed. At the same time, position outputs of IMU and DRS are taken to construct measurements of IMU/DRS integrated navigation, and its Kalman filtering algorithm is also designed. Then IMU/GPS/DRS federated filter frame is designed, and the global optimal fusion algorithm of the master filter is researched. Thus estimations of system states from IMU/GPS and IMU/DRS local filters are sent to the master filter independently. Consequently global optimal estimations of system states are given in the master filter. Lastly, based on the federated filter frame, the fault detection and isolation algorithm for IMU/GPS/DRS integrated navigation system is designed. Simulation results show that, position accuracy of this integrated navigation method reaches ±4.8m, and velocity accuracy reaches ±0.09m/s. And simulation results also show that, this integrated navigation method has strong fault-tolerance, and it can keep high accuracy when GPS or DRS is out of order.
A THIN SUPERCONDUCTING SOLENOID WOUND WITH THE INTERNAL WINDING METHOD FOR COLLIDING BEAM EXPERIMENTS (1984)

A new fabrication method of a thin and large solenoids is presented. The solenoid is wound with NbTi/Cu/Al superconductor, which is wound on the inner surface of an aluminum cylinder. The fabrication of the solenoid is in progress with this method.
Major Public Health Problems in Nigeria: A review (2017)

The inadequate programs designed to address the numerous health problems in Nigeria have led to the little improvement in our health status. Besides the continued neglect of the importance of addressing public health issues would make matters worse for poor Nigerians most of who are at the receiving end. This study adopted a qualitative approach, so as to adequately describe the study aims and objectives. The data for this study were collected through scientific database sources, web search engines, direct observation and relevant documents from the Nigerian Ministry of Health. The major public health challenges Nigeria faces are infectious diseases, control of vector some diseases, maternal mortality, infant mortality, poor sanitation and hygiene, disease surveillance, non-communicable diseases and road traffic injuries etcetera. Nigeria is currently working towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals. Despite the collaborative efforts of both Nigerian Government, Donor Agencies and NGOs to provide an efficient and effective health care delivery in Nigeria.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.7(1) 2017: 6-11
Acoustic modes of a dual-core square-lattice photonic crystal fiber preform (2002)

We report for the first time the observation of acoustic defect modes in a dual-core two-dimensional square-lattice photonic crystal fiber preform. This result shows coupling between the two acoustics defect modes and provides the basis for developing acousto-optic devices based on photonic crystal fibers.
High Resolution Image Recording on Photosensitive Halide Layers (1969)

AbstractThin layers of many halides and chalcogenides can be used for image recording since they decompose when illuminated, at a suitable temperature, with light that is absorbed in their fundamental absorption region. A review is given of this process and of the range of materials now available for ‘halide layer photography’. Potential applications of halide layers in image recording, holography and information storage are discussed in the light of recent experiments on the sensitivity, resolution, contrast and stability of the layers. NotesPaper presented at a Symposium on “Non-Silver Photographic Processes” organised by the Science Committee of the Royal Photographic Society, 30 September-3 October 1969 in Oxford.
Synthetic studies on 1-carbacephem antibiotics: New synthetic approach to 3H-carbacephems. (1988)

A new synthetic route to 3-H (3-unsubstituted) carbacephems was developed starting from readily available dialkyl aminomalonate and using intra-molecular aldol condensation for the construction of the 4, 6-fused ring system.
An Ambivalent Embrace: Service Needs and Gaps for Asian Immigrants in New Destinations. (2017)

Asian immigrants to the U.S. are settling in "new destinations," but there has been little research on their health care and social service needs. Our analysis of Census data to identify cities with the fastest Asian immigrant population growth (1990-2000) yielded 33 smaller cities in 13 states. The cities ranged in population from 7,677 to 86,660; were spread across 13 states in the Northeast, South, and Midwest regions of the US; and varied widely demographically. Pilot surveys conducted in 2009 indicated that, although many residents had positive attitudes towards immigrants, many were also concerned about job competition and dilution of American culture. Respondents reported a number of immigrant-targeted services but also service gaps and intergroup violence. We characterize smaller new destination cities' mixed response to their fast-growing immigrant populations as an "ambivalent embrace." Service gaps may be related to small city size and relatively small Asian immigrant population size, despite rapid population growth. Funding shortages were also cited as obstacles to cities' responsiveness, suggesting the importance of state and federal government aid.
Treatment of Established Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Dogs by Antithymocyte Serum or Prednisone (1973)

Abstract Marrow grafts after 1200 R of whole-body irradiation were carried out between pairs of unrelated dogs of different breeds that were incompatible for dog histocompatibility antigens. Three groups of recipients were studied. Recipients in all groups were treated with the immunosuppressive agent methotrexate (MTX), 0.4 mg/kg, on days 1, 3, 6, and 11, and then once weekly until day 102 after grafting. Dogs in group 1 were given MTX only. Thirty of 35 recipients died between 11 and 51 days and five survived more than 102 days. Median survival time was 20 days. Dogs in group 2 were treated with rabbit antidog antithymocyte serum (ATS) when graft-versus-host (GVH) disease became established. Eight of ten recipients died between 19 and 76 days and two survived more than 102 days. Median survival time was 45 days. Dogs in group 3 were treated with daily injections of prednisone when GVH disease became apparent. Seven of nine recipients died between 11 and 34 days and two survived more than 102 days. Median survival time was 24 days. It was concluded that established GVH disease in dogs with histoincompatible marrow grafts can be favorably influenced by ATS with significant (p < 0.01) prolongation of survival. However, there was no evidence that treatment with ATS increased the fraction of long-term survivors in this histoincompatible setting. Prednisone was ineffective and did not prolong survival (p > 0.1).
Developmental and Stress Regulation of <i>RCI2A</i> and<i>RCI2B</i>, Two Cold-Inducible Genes of Arabidopsis Encoding Highly Conserved Hydrophobic Proteins (2001)

The capability of most higher plants to tolerate environmental conditions strongly depends on their developmental stage. In addition, environmental factors have pleiotropic effects on many developmental processes. The interaction between plant development and environmental conditions implies that some genes must be regulated by both environmental factors and developmental cues. To understand their developmental regulation and obtain possible clues on their functions, we have isolated genomic clones for RCI2A and RCI2B, two genes from Arabidopsis ecotype Columbia (Col), whose expression is induced in response to low temperature, dehydration, salt stress, and abscisic acid. The promoters of RCI2A and RCI2B were fused to the uidA (GUS)-coding sequence and the resulting constructs used to transform Arabidopsis. GUS activity was analyzed in transgenic plants during development under both stressed and unstressed conditions. Transgenic plants with either the RCI2A or RCI2B promoter showed strong GUS expression during the first stages of seed development and germination, in vascular bundles, pollen, and most interestingly in guard cells. When transgenic plants were exposed to low temperature, dehydration, salt stress, or abscisic acid, reporter gene expression was induced in most tissues. These results indicate that RCI2A and RCI2B are regulated at transcriptional level during plant development and in response to different environmental stimuli and treatments. The potential role of RCI2A and RCI2B in plant development and stress response is discussed.
Latent semantic analysis in sound event detection (2011)

This paper presents the use of probabilistic latent semantic analysis (PLSA) for modeling co-occurrence of overlapping sound events in audio recordings from everyday audio environments such as office, street or shop. Co-occurrence of events is represented as the degree of their overlapping in a fixed length segment of polyphonic audio. In the training stage, PLSA is used to learn the relationships between individual events. In detection, the PLSA model continuously adjusts the probabilities of events according to the history of events detected so far. The event probabilities provided by the model are integrated into a sound event detection system that outputs a monophonic sequence of events. The model offers a very good representation of the data, having low perplexity on test recordings. Using PLSA for estimating prior probabilities of events provides an increase of event detection accuracy to 35%, compared to 30% for using uniform priors for the events. There are different levels of performance increase in different audio contexts, with few contexts showing significant improvement.
Distortion minimization of laser‐processed components through control of laser scanning patterns (2002)

Residual thermal stresses and distortion are frequently present in the parts built using a layer‐by‐layer solid freeform fabrication techniques assisted with a moving laser source. This study uses finite element analysis to investigate the effect of laser scanning patterns on residual thermal stresses and distortion. It is shown that the out‐of‐plane distortion of a layer, processed by a moving laser beam can be minimized with a proper selection of the laser scanning pattern. A scanning pattern having changes in its scanning direction frequently by 90° at every turn can lead to the cancellation of concave upward and downward distortions. As a result of this cancellation, very small distortion is present in the laser processed plate. It is also found that distortion is mainly caused by transient thermal stresses rather than residual thermal stresses.
Regulation of motor neuron subtype identity by repressor activity of Mnx class homeodomain proteins (2003)

In the developing spinal cord, motor neurons acquire columnar subtype identities that can be recognized by distinct profiles of homeodomain transcription factor expression. The mechanisms that direct the differentiation of motor neuron columnar subtype from an apparently uniform group of motor neuron progenitors remain poorly defined. In the chick embryo, the Mnx class homeodomain protein MNR2 is expressed selectively by motor neuron progenitors, and has been implicated in the specification of motor neuron fate. We show here that MNR2 expression persists in postmitotic motor neurons that populate the median motor column (MMC), whereas its expression is rapidly extinguished from lateral motor column (LMC) neurons and from preganglionic autonomic neurons of the Column of Terni (CT). The extinction of expression of MNR2, and the related Mnx protein HB9, from postmitotic motor neurons appears to be required for the generation of CT neurons but not for LMC generation. In addition, MNR2 and HB9 are likely to mediate the suppression of CT neuron generation that is induced by the LIM HD protein Lim3. Finally, MNR2 appears to regulate motor neuron identity by acting as a transcriptional repressor, providing further evidence for the key role of transcriptional repression in motor neuron specification.
The Biomechanics of Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (PLIF) in Spondylolisthesis (1985)

A biomechanic analysis of the lower lumbar segments leads to the recommendation that during posterior lumbar interbody fusion it is desirable to preserve the dorsal structures, particularly of the facet joints. The area of the interbody graft should cover an area as large as possible in order to attain the benefit of the compression forces through the tension of the anterior longitudinal ligament. Preservation of the midline structures or application of a tension clamp to add dorsal tension aids bony fusion. Salvage operations in patients with previously excised posterior elements require the addition of dorsal or dorsolateral fusion to PLIF.
Characterization of ebv‐carrying b‐cell populations in healthy seropositive individuals with regard to density, release of transforming virus and spontaneous outgrowth (1987)

Peripheral or tonsil lymphocyte populations of EBV-seropositive donors give rise to EBV-carrying LCLs upon in vitro explantation. Such lines can arise either by a 2-step mechanism, namely release of virus from some of the explanted cells followed by infection of previously uninfected B cells, or by direct outgrowth of virus-harboring B cells (Rickinson et al., 1974; Dalens et al., 1975; Hinuma and Katsuki 1978; Katsuki et al., 1979). We observed that cells responsible for both the 2-step mechanism and for direct outgrowth are found in the purified B-cell compartment. Virus release was more frequent than direct outgrowth. The majority of virus-releasing cells were found in the low-density fraction that contains large, activated B blasts. Cells that were capable of spontaneous outgrowth in the presence of the viral inhibitor PFA and of virus-neutralizing antibody gave rise to cell lines that carried the sex chromosome marker of the original donor, rather than that of admixed cord blood lymphocyte of the opposite sex. Such cells were found in both the low- and the high-density fractions. The majority of the EBV-carrying B cells in vivo are thus low-density blasts. Rare small B cells of high density harboring EBV were capable of spontaneous outgrowth. This may be indicative of a host control mechanism that is removed upon cultivation in vitro.
Analysis of electromigration-induced failures in high-temperature sputtered Al-alloy metallization (1995)

Electromigration-induced failures in high-temperature sputtered Al-alloy metallization have been studied in terms of Al-alloy microstructure, Si nodules, and reaction products between the Al alloy and the underlayer material. Highly reliable interconnects can be realized by high-temperature sputtered Al–Si–Cu-alloy metallization utilizing a Ti underlayer. The interfacial reaction between the growing Al–Si–Cu film and the Ti underlayer during high-temperature sputtering produces an Al3Ti-alloy layer having a resistivity of about 40 μΩ cm, and Si in Al alloy is absorbed in the Al3Ti layer without forming Si nodules. As the result, a bilayer structure of Al alloy/Al–Ti–Si alloy is formed. The electromigration resistance of the resultant TiN/Al alloy/Al–Ti–Si/TiN structure is drastically improved. It is speculated from the experimental results that this is because of the high quality of the Al-alloy film microstructure, i.e., an increase in (111) orientation, a decrease in the standard deviation of the grain distribution, and the superior current bypass effect through the Al–Ti–Si alloy and underlying TiN layer. In particular, an electrical current easily flows through the Al–Ti–Si alloy and TiN layer before a void completely crosses the upper Al alloy part of the metal line because the formation of the AlN high-resistance layer is suppressed by laying the Ti film between the Al–Si–Cu film and the underlying TiN film. Accordingly, the local temperature increase in the vicinity of the void is not essential to the subsequent void growth due to the lower resistivity of the Al–Ti–Si-alloy layer, resulting in the low void growth rate.