gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Files and Data (2004)

We're starting to write real programs now, and real programs need to be able to read and write files from and to your hard drive. At the moment, all we can do is ask the user for input using ‹STDIN› and print data on the screen using print (). Pretty simple stuff, yes—but these two ideas actually form the basis of a great deal of the file handling you'll be doing in Perl.KeywordsCommand LineText ReadAngle BracketStandard OutputStandard InputThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Transfer of carbon nanotubes onto microactuators for hysteresis-free transistors at low thermal budget (2012)

A dry transfer process for single-walled carbon nanotubes allows for suspended, ultraclean, and hysteresis-free nanotube field-effect transistors on micro-actuated electrodes without exposing the device die to elevated nanotube growth temperatures. Nanotubes are grown on a separate die, between the arms of a fork structure, and are subsequently transferred onto receiving electrodes of a device die. The device die is maintained at room-temperature; and thus, it can in principle contain temperature-sensitive readout circuitry. The liquid-free, room-temperature transfer is performed under light microscopy observation, while placement is detected by monitoring the current through the device electrodes. In contrast to manipulation under electron beam observation, electron-beam-induced carbonaceous contamination is prevented. Moreover, pre-selection of nanotubes by Raman spectroscopy is rendered possible, avoiding any contamination of the nanomaterial during selection and integration into NEMS.
A thyratron counter of high counting speed and its development as a recording chronograph (1938)

A thyratron "scale-of-two" counting unit was found capable of continuous operation at an input frequency of 20 kC.P.S. A complete counter of seven units has been designed to count the periods of a 12 kC.P.S. oscillator. By means of a special circuit the counting can be started and stopped at will. This affords an accurate means of measuring time intervals, the maximum error being one period of the oscillator, i.e. 1/12000 sec.
The Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: on beyond collagens (2001)

The Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous connective tissue disorder affecting as many as 1 in 5,000 individuals (1). EDS is characterized in its most common form by hyperextensibility of the skin, hypermobility of joints often resulting in dislocations, and tissue fragility exemplified by easy bruising, atrophic scars following superficial injury, and premature rupture of membranes during pregnancy. The recognition of frequent ultrastructural abnormalities of collagen fibrils in EDS patients led to the concept that EDS is a disorder of fibrillar collagen metabolism (2). Following the identification of specific mutations in the genes encoding collagen types I, III, and V, as well as several collagen processing enzymes, the EDS classification scheme was collapsed into six distinct clinical syndromes (3), emphasizing the molecular basis of each form (Table ​(Table11).



Table 1

The Villefranche classification of EDS



Heterogeneity between the several clinical syndromes both complicates the diagnosis of EDS and makes accurate diagnosis imperative. Ultimately, one would like to be able to establish a molecular diagnosis for each EDS patient. This is a laudable goal because it may allow improved genetic counseling through correlation of mutant genotypes with specific outcomes or complications. However, as outlined below, the molecular defects described to date are not sufficient to explain disease in many EDS patients, including those with the most common classical and hypermobility types. As a result, the search for EDS genes recently has expanded beyond the collagens and collagen-modifying genes. An understanding of the complete complement of genes and proteins involved in EDS and the precise mechanisms by which they cause disease may teach us much about normal collagenous matrix deposition and remodeling. These processes are of critical importance during development, wound healing, and aging.
Deciphering Signatures of Mutational Processes Operative in Human Cancer (2013)

The genome of a cancer cell carries somatic mutations that are the cumulative consequences of the DNA damage and repair processes operative during the cellular lineage between the fertilized egg and the cancer cell. Remarkably, these mutational processes are poorly characterized. Global sequencing initiatives are yielding catalogs of somatic mutations from thousands of cancers, thus providing the unique opportunity to decipher the signatures of mutational processes operative in human cancer. However, until now there have been no theoretical models describing the signatures of mutational processes operative in cancer genomes and no systematic computational approaches are available to decipher these mutational signatures. Here, by modeling mutational processes as a blind source separation problem, we introduce a computational framework that effectively addresses these questions. Our approach provides a basis for characterizing mutational signatures from cancer-derived somatic mutational catalogs, paving the way to insights into the pathogenetic mechanism underlying all cancers.
Chemical vapor synthesis and luminescence properties of nanocrystalline cubic Y2O3:Eu (1999)

Nanocrystalline europium doped yttria was synthesized using a chemical vapor technique. The powder was characterized by x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and ultraviolet spectroscopy. For the first time it was possible to obtain single phase Y2O3:Eu nanoparticles crystallized in the cubic structure with an average particle size of only 10 nm. The reflection, excitation, and emission spectra were studied. The nanoparticles show blue shifted absorption bands with respect to coarse grained material.
Rapid Screen for Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Resistance Mutations and Substrate Specificity (2019)

We present a rapid and high-throughput yeast and flow cytometry based method for predicting kinase inhibitor resistance mutations and determining kinase peptide substrate specificity. Despite the widespread success of targeted kinase inhibitors as cancer therapeutics, resistance mutations arising within the kinase domain of an oncogenic target present a major impediment to sustained treatment efficacy. Our method, which is based on the previously reported YESS system, recapitulated all validated BCR-ABL1 mutations leading to clinical resistance to the second-generation inhibitor dasatinib, in addition to identifying numerous other mutations which have been previously observed in patients, but not yet validated as drivers of resistance. Further, we were able to demonstrate that the newer inhibitor ponatinib is effective against the majority of known single resistance mutations, but ineffective at inhibiting many compound mutants. These results are consistent with preliminary clinical and in vitro reports, indicating that mutations providing resistance to ponatinib are significantly less common; therefore, predicting ponatinib will be less susceptible to clinical resistance relative to dasatinib. Using the same yeast-based method, but with random substrate libraries, we were able to identify consensus peptide substrate preferences for the SRC and LYN kinases. ABL1 lacked an obvious consensus sequence, so a machine learning algorithm utilizing amino acid covariances was developed which accurately predicts ABL1 kinase peptide substrates.
Stonehenge: a fault-tolerant real-time network-attached storage device (2002)

Stonehenge is a real-time network-attached storage device (NASD) that guarantees real-time data delivery to network clients even across single-disk failures. Stonehenge supports both best-effort and real-time disk read/write services, which are accessed through an object-based interface. Data access requests sent to Stonehenge can be serviced in a server push or a client pull mode. Stonehenge's ability to guarantee real-time disk performance results from a cycle-based scan-order disk scheduling mechanism. However, Stonehenge's disk I/O cycle is either completely utilized or completely idle. This on-off disk scheduling model effectively reduces the power consumption of the disk subsystem, without increasing the buffer size requirement. Finally Stonehenge exploits unused disk storage space and maintains additional redundancy dynamically beyond the RAIDS-style parity. This extra redundancy, typically in the form of disk block replication, reduces the time to reconstruct the data on the failed disk. This paper describes the system architecture of Stonehenge and reports preliminary performance measurements collected from an initial Linux-based prototype implementation using Fast Ethernet and UltraSCSI disks.
Isolation and Identification of Bacterial Agents Causing Clinical Mastitis in Cattle in Mymensingh and Their Antibiogram Profile (2014)

Mastitis is a serious problem for the dairy cattle in many countries of the world including Bangladesh. Among the microbial etiology bacteria plays a major role in the onset of the clinical form of the disease. Many of these bacteria are resistant to one or more antibiotics thus make the mastitis cases difficult to cure. In the present study Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Bacillus spp. and E. coli were identified as the dominant bacterial species causing clinical mastitis in cattle in Mymensingh. Antibiogram study revealed chloramphenicol and erythromycin as the most effective antibiotic for the treatment of mastitis in these animals except those caused by Bacillus spp. and E. coli, respectively. Microbes and Health, June 2013, 2(1): 19-21DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/mh.v2i1.17258
The antituberculous Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine is an attenuated mycobacterial producer of phosphorylated nonpeptidic antigens for human gamma delta T cells (1995)

The mycobacterial antigens stimulating human gamma delta T lymphocytes (R. L. Modlin, C. Permitz, F. M. Hofman, V. Torigian, K. Uemura, T. H. Rea, B. R. Bloom, and M. B. Brenner, Nature (London) 339:544-548, 1989; D. H. Raulet, Annu. Rev. Immunol. 7:175-207, 1989) have been characterized recently in Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv as a group of four structurally related nucleotidic or phosphorylated molecules, termed TUBag1 to -4 (tuberculous antigens 1 to 4) (P. Constant, F. Davodeau, M. A. Peyrat, Y. Poquet, G. Puzo, M. Bonneville, and J. J. Fournie, Science 264:267-270, 1994). Here, we analyzed their distribution in different mycobacterial species of the M. tuberculosis group, with special emphasis on the human vaccine Mycobacterium bovis BCG. We show that the same four TUBag1 to -4 molecules are shared by these mycobacteria. Quantitative comparison reveals, however, that while the pathogen M. bovis and M. tuberculosis species produce rather high amounts of TUBag, all of the BCG strains have a surprisingly reduced production of TUBag. These observations suggest that among tuberculous mycobacteria, the bacterial TUBag load could, to some extent, constitute an immunological determinant of mycobacterial virulence for humans.
A superconducting 180° hybrid ring coupler for circuit quantum electrodynamics (2010)

Superconducting circuit quantum electrodynamics experiments with propagating microwaves require devices acting as beam splitters. Using niobium thin films on silicon and sapphire substrates, we fabricated superconducting 180° microstrip hybrid ring couplers, acting as beam splitters with center frequencies of about 6 GHz. For the magnitude of the coupling and isolation, we find −3.5±0.5 dB and at least −15 dB, respectively, in a bandwidth of 2 GHz. We also investigate the effect of reflections at the superconductor-normal conductor contact by means of low temperature laser scanning microscopy. Our measurements show that our hybrid rings are well suited for on-chip applications in circuit quantum electrodynamics experiments.
A Practical Comparison of Ligation-Independent Cloning Techniques (2013)

The precise assembly of specific DNA sequences is a critical technique in molecular biology. Traditional cloning techniques use restriction enzymes and ligation of DNA in vitro, which can be hampered by a lack of appropriate restriction-sites and inefficient enzymatic steps. A number of ligation-independent cloning techniques have been developed, including polymerase incomplete primer extension (PIPE) cloning, sequence and ligation-independent cloning (SLIC), and overlap extension cloning (OEC). These strategies rely on the generation of complementary overhangs by DNA polymerase, without requiring specific restriction sites or ligation, and achieve high efficiencies in a fraction of the time at low cost. Here, we outline and optimise these techniques and identify important factors to guide cloning project design, including avoiding PCR artefacts such as primer-dimers and vector plasmid background. Experiments made use of a common reporter vector and a set of modular primers to clone DNA fragments of increasing size. Overall, PIPE achieved cloning efficiencies of ∼95% with few manipulations, whereas SLIC provided a much higher number of transformants, but required additional steps. Our data suggest that for small inserts (<1.5 kb), OEC is a good option, requiring only two new primers, but performs poorly for larger inserts. These ligation-independent cloning approaches constitute an essential part of the researcher's molecular-tool kit.
An Empirical Investigation to Analyze the Brand Equity and Resonance of Banking Services: Evidence from India (2012)

This study attempts to verify the determinants of brand equityof services based on consumers’ perception of a banking service.The present study is based on customer-based brand equity calledthe Brand Resonance model suggested by Keller (2001), whichcomprises six brand equity constructs, such as: brand resonance;brand judgements; brand feelings; brand performance; brand imagery;brand salience. Exploratory factor analysis was performedto reduce the total number of items to a small number of underlyingfactors, and the results produced six factors, namely: brandresonance; brand judgements; brand feelings; brand performance;brand imagery; brand salience. These alpha coefficients ofthe reliability test were found to be ranging from 0.781 to 0.912for all of the brand equity constructs individually, and for the entirescale the value of alpha was found to be 0.837. Correlationanalysis was performed to find out relationships among variouscomponents of brand equity. From the findings of multiple regressionanalysis it is evident that brand performance emergedas the most important determinant of brand resonance, followedby brand feelings (0.427) and brand judgements (0.306).
Dynamics of homogeneously broadened lasers: higher-order bichromatic states of operation (1985)

A theory is presented that describes a series of bichromatic states of an ideal homogeneously broadened laser. These states are produced when the laser is pumped far above threshold so that the intracavity field is strong enough to overcome damping and produce Rabi oscillations of the atomic inversion. The two-frequency laser field is amplitude modulated at a frequency that may be either the Rabi frequency or a subharmonic of it. The theoretical predictions are compared qualitatively with recent experimental results.
Gain-switching of dbr laser monolithically integrated with electroabsorption modulator for RZ transmission (1992)

A photonic integrated transmitter for RZ transmission provides 50 ps optical pulses on-off modulated at a bit rate of 3Gbit/s. BER performance is measured in a back-to-back transmission experiment and compared to NRZ transmission using the same photonic circuit with the laser operated CW. A 2.8 dB improvement in receiver sensitivity is obtained for the RZ case.
Effects of vanillin and plasticizer on properties of chitosan‐methyl cellulose based film (2008)

Abstract Chitosan‐methyl cellulose based films which incorporatate vanillin as an antimicrobial agent and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG) as a plasticizer were developed in this study. The effects of vanillin and plasticizer concentration on mechanical, barrier, optical, and thermal properties of chitosan‐methyl cellulose film were evaluated. When the vanillin concentration was increased at a given PEG level, film flexibility decreased while tensile strength increased slightly. Vanillin increased the barrier to oxygen but not water vapor. Increasing vanillin content resulted in less transparency and a more yellowish tint. The bulky nature of vanillin reduced film crystallization. When PEG concentration was increased at a given vanillin level, it resulted in greater film flexibility but reduced film strength. Water vapor permeability (WVP) and oxygen permeability (OP) increased with increase in PEG content. PEG contributed less to the opacity, yellowness, and crystallization of the film than did vanillin. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Crystalline thin‐foil silicon solar cells: where crystalline quality meets thin‐film processing (2012)

ABSTRACT Crystalline Si (c‐Si) technology is dominating the photovoltaics market. These modules are nonetheless still relatively expensive, in particular because of the costly silicon wafers, which require large thickness mostly to ease handling. Thin‐film technologies, on the other hand, use much less active material, exhibit a much lower production cost per unit area, but achieve an efficiency still limited on module level, which increases the total system costs. A meet‐in‐the‐middle is possible and is the object of this paper. The development of c‐Si thin‐foil modules is presented: first, the fabrication of the active material on a glass module and then the processing of the Si foils into solar cells, directly on module level. The activity of IMEC in this area is put into perspective with regard to worldwide research results. It appears that great opportunities are offered to this cell concept, although some challenges still need to be tackled before cost‐effective and reliable industrial production can be launched. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Allied air identification (1996)

Military aircrews are just beginning to experience the benefits of having Global Positioning System (GPS) quality navigation information available in the cockpit. Aircraft integrated in accordance with the Navy GPS Integration Guidance (GIG) receive a two-frequency military receiver with Precise Positioning Service (PPS) accuracy, a MIL-STD-1553B digital navigation data bus, electronic data transfer capability, and area navigation (RNAV) capability displayed on the flight instruments. By the year 2000, most military aircraft will have GPS installed in accordance with the congressional mandate. There are several upgrades for military GPS being studied but the biggest change will come when the operators start to apply this new level of platform navigation accuracy in their tactical operations. A significant improvement in situational awareness and tactical effectiveness is possible when friendly military aircraft self-report their accurate position and identification.
On the (Im)possibility of Obfuscating Programs (2001)

Abstract. Informally, an obfuscator O is an (ecient, probabilistic) \\compiler &quot; that takes as input a program (or circuit) P and produces a new program O(P) that has the same functionality as P yet is \\unintel-ligible &quot; in some sense. Obfuscators, if they exist, would have a wide vari-ety of cryptographic and complexity-theoretic applications, ranging from software protection to homomorphic encryption to complexity-theoretic analogues of Rice’s theorem. Most of these applications are based on an interpretation of the \\unintelligibility &quot; condition in obfuscation as mean-ing that O(P) is a \\virtual black box, &quot; in the sense that anything one can eciently compute given O(P), one could also eciently compute given oracle access to P. In this work, we initiate a theoretical investigation of obfuscation. Our main result is that, even under very weak formalizations of the above in-tuition, obfuscation is impossible. We prove this by constructing a family of functions F that are inherently unobfuscatable in the following sense:
Chemical Browlift (1998)

Botulinum toxin type A treatment can create a chemical browlift. Further studies with more specific selection criteria are needed to better evaluate this effect.
THE OCCURRENCE OF <i>FUSARIUM</i> SPECIES IN CANADA: II. PREVALENCE AND TAXONOMY OF <i>FUSARIUM</i> SPECIES IN CEREAL SEED (1952)

During the present investigation, a total of 1579 seed samples of wheat, 1042 of barley, and 1152 of oats (100 kernels per sample), were examined microbiologically for the presence of Fusarium. Of these samples, 402 of wheat, 513 of barley, and 636 of oats originated in the seed inspection districts of Eastern Canada, and 1177 of wheat, 529 of barley, and 516 of oats in those of Western Canada. Isolates of Fusarium were obtained from approximately 41.8% of the samples of wheat (1.5% of the kernels), 76.2% of the samples of barley (3.9% of the kernels), and 79.6% of the samples of oats (5.7% of the kernels) that originated in Eastern Canada, whereas only 13,8% of the samples of wheat (0.2% of the kernels), 36.3% of the samples of barley (0.7% of the kernels), and 38.9% of the samples of oats (1.1% of the kernels) from Western Canada yielded Fusarium. In classifying the different wild types of Fusarium that were obtained from cereal seed the system of taxonomy and nomenclature of Wollenweber and Reinking was chiefly followed, but certain sections of the genus were revised extensively, partly in accordance with Snyder and Hansens' concept of species in this genus. Four new combinations are proposed, namely F. compactum (Wr.) n. eomb., F. lateritium Nees emend. Snyder & Hansen forma cajani (Padwick) n. comb., F. lateritium Nees emend. Snyder &. Hansen forma crotalariae (Padwick) n. comb., and F. oxysporum Schlecht. emend. Snyder & Hansen var. redolens (Wr.) n. comb. A total of 16 species and varieties of Fusarium, classified in nine sections of the genus, was isolated from cereal seed during this investigation. These species and varieties are, namely, F. poae (Pk.) Wr., F. sporotrichioides Sherb., F. avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc, F. arthrosporioides Sherb., P. semitectum Berk. & Rav., F. equiseti (Cda.) Sacc, F. acuminatum Ell. & Ev., F. culmorum (W. G. Sm.) Sacc, F. graminearum Schwabe, F. sambucinum Fuckel, F. sambucinum var. coeruleum Wr., F. lateritium Nees emend. Snyder & Hansen, F. moniliforme Sheld. emend. Snyder & Hansen, F. oxysporum var. redolens (Wr.) n. comb., and F. solani (App. & Wr.) Wr. emend. Snyder & Hansen. F. poae, F. avenaceum, and F. acuminatum were most frequently isolated. F. concolor Rg. and F. sambucinum f. 6 Wr,, that were previously recorded from cereal seed in Manitoba, and three additional species, namely, F. dimerum Penz., F. merismoides Cda., and F. nivale (Fr.) Ces., that may be encountered in the future among isolates from cereal seed in Canada, were also included in this study.
Apparatus for subjecting living cells to fluid shear stress (1982)

This apparatus subjects cultured cell specimens to controlled levels of fluid shear stress in vitro. The cone-plate geometry permits long term (≳7 days) investigation of the effects of external fluid forces on living cells.