gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Syndrome of allergy, apraxia, and malabsorption: characterization of a neurodevelopmental phenotype that responds to omega 3 and vitamin E supplementation. (2009)

We characterize a novel apraxia phenotype that responds to polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E. The association of carnitine deficiency, gluten sensitivity/food allergy, and fat malabsorption with the apraxia phenotype suggests that a comprehensive metabolic workup is warranted. Appropriate screening may identify a subgroup of children with a previously unrecognized syndrome of allergy, apraxia, and malabsorption who are responsive to nutritional interventions in addition to traditional speech and occupational therapy. Controlled trials in apraxia and autism spectrum disorders are warranted.
Global GacA-steered control of cyanide and exoprotease production in <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> involves specific ribosome binding sites (1999)

The conserved two-component regulatory system GacS/GacA determines the expression of extracellular products and virulence factors in a variety of Gram-negative bacteria. In the biocontrol strain CHA0 of Pseudomonas fluorescens, the response regulator GacA is essential for the synthesis of extracellular protease (AprA) and secondary metabolites including hydrogen cyanide. GacA was found to exert its control on the hydrogen cyanide biosynthetic genes (hcnABC) and on the aprA gene indirectly via a posttranscriptional mechanism. Expression of a translational hcnA'-'lacZ fusion was GacA-dependent whereas a transcriptional hcnA-lacZ fusion was not. A distinct recognition site overlapping with the ribosome binding site appears to be primordial for GacA-steered regulation. GacA-dependence could be conferred to the Escherichia coli lacZ mRNA by a 3-bp substitution in the ribosome binding site. The gene coding for the global translational repressor RsmA of P. fluorescens was cloned. RsmA overexpression mimicked partial loss of GacA function and involved the same recognition site, suggesting that RsmA is a downstream regulatory element of the GacA control cascade. Mutational inactivation of the chromosomal rsmA gene partially suppressed a gacS defect. Thus, a central, GacA-dependent switch from primary to secondary metabolism may operate at the level of translation.
Synthesis and Antiviral Activities of 3-Aralkyl-Thiomethylimidazo[1,2-<i>b</i>]Pyridazine Derivatives (2003)

The synthesis of novel substituted 3-aralkylthiomethylimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines is reported. All of the synthesized compounds are devoid of antiviral activity against the replication of human immunodeficiency virus. However, compounds 6-chloro-8-methyl-3-phenethylthioimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine and 6-chloro-2-methyl-3-phenethylthioimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine are potent inhibitors of the replication of human cytomegalovirus in vitro, while compounds 6-chloro-2-methyl-3-benzylthiomethylimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine and 6-chloro-2-methyl-3-phenethyl-thioimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazineare inhibitors of the replication of varicella-zoster virus. The results presented here suggest that compound 10 should be considered as a new lead in the development of antiviral agents.
University of British Columbia (2002)

The University of British Columbia is the largest university in western Canada, with an enrollment of 35,000 students and offerings of both undergraduate and graduate degrees. An interdisciplinary HCI institute supports HCI teaching and research and is coordinating a proposed interdisciplinary master of science degree in HCI. A new downtown campus will offer a range of educational options in HCI, from executive certificates through master's-level programs.
Low‐level β<sub>1</sub> protein kinase C expression in cloned rat embryo fibroblast cells enhances transformation induced by the adenovirus type 5 E1A gene (1991)

Expression of the E1A gene of adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) in a cloned rat embryo fibroblast (CREF) cell line results in morphological transformation. The efficiency of E1A-mediated transformation of CREF cells is increased if a wild-type Ad5 E1A gene is cotransfected with a rat beta 1 protein kinase C (beta 1 PKC) gene. A direct demonstration of complementation between a functional-transforming Ad5 E1A gene and beta 1 PK in inducing transformation was demonstrated using Ad5 E1A cold-sensitive mutant (E1Acs) genes. The E1Acs gene enhanced transformation only at the transformation-permissive temperature of 37 degrees C and not at the nonpermissive transforming temperature of 32 degrees C. CREF cells constitutively expressing low levels of beta 1 PKC mRNA were transformed at a higher frequency than parental CREF cells after transfection with an Ad5 E1A gene or infection with wild-type Ad5 or the Ad5 host-range cold-sensitive mutant H5hr1. There was no enhancement of transformation in low-level beta 1 PKC-expressing CREF cells when cultures were grown continuously in the presence of the PKC-inhibitor 1-(5-isoquinolynsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride. Transfected CREF cells expressing low levels of beta 1 PKC mRNA displayed CREF-like morphology and did not form colonies when grown in agar. In contrast, retroviral vector-transformed CREF cells expressing high levels of beta 1 PKC mRNA and beta 1 PKC enzyme activity were morphologically transformed and grew efficiently in agar. These findings indicate that the beta 1 PKC gene, when expressed at low levels, can cooperate with the Ad5 E1A gene in the initiation of viral oncogene-mediated transformation.
Tunable doping of graphene by using physisorbed self-assembled networks (2016)

One current key challenge in graphene research is to tune its charge carrier concentration, i.e., p- and n-type doping of graphene. An attractive approach in this respect is offered by controlled doping via well-ordered self-assembled networks physisorbed on the graphene surface. We report on tunable n-type doping of graphene using self-assembled networks of alkyl-amines that have varying chain lengths. The doping magnitude is modulated by controlling the density of the strong n-type doping amine groups on the surface. As revealed by scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopy, this density is governed by the length of the alkyl chain which acts as a spacer within the self-assembled network. The modulation of the doping magnitude depending on the chain length was demonstrated using Raman spectroscopy and electrical measurements on graphene field effect devices. This supramolecular functionalization approach offers new possibilities for controlling the properties of graphene and other two-dimensional materials at the nanoscale.
Energy Balance Model for Imagery and Electromagnetic Propagation (1994)

The character of temperature and moisture gradients in the atmospheric surface layer is shown to be related to the intensity of visual distortions or blurring of images routinely detected by electro-optical systems and sensors. The authors are able to make quantitative approximations of the optical turbulence effect as represented by the refractive-index structure parameter C n 2 . Through the application of Monin-Obukhov similarity, the magnitudes of potential temperature and specific humidity gradients are determined using values of sensible and latent heat fluxes estimated from a semiempirical radiation and energy balance model. The model is constrained to require a minimum number of conventional meteorological inputs at a specific reference level (i.e., 2 m)
Predicting sample size required for classification performance (2012)

This paper describes a simple and effective sample size prediction algorithm that conducts weighted fitting of learning curves. The algorithm outperformed an un-weighted algorithm described in previous literature. It can help researchers determine annotation sample size for supervised machine learning.
Insulin in the Brain (1987)

Macrophage polarization refers to how macrophages have been activated at a given point in space and time. Polarization is not fixed, as macrophages are sufficiently plastic to integrate multiple signals, such as those from microbes, damaged tissues, and ...Read More
Stokes parameters and partial polarization of far-field radiation emitted by hot bodies (1994)

The polarization properties of far-field thermal radiation emitted by hot bodies at uniform temperature is explored. Some novel results are obtained for the Stokes parameters for emission from large, smooth, opaque bodies of convex shape and also for small particles in the Rayleigh region. For the case of large, smooth, opaque bodies, the results may be readily extended to include nonuniform temperature distributions that vary slowly on the scale of a wavelength. The formulas obtained are particularly simple and straightforward to apply, and examples of their application to emission from a large smooth cylinder and from a small ellipsoidal particle are described.
Nonaxisymmetric Turbine End Wall Design: Part I— Three-Dimensional Linear Design System (1999)

A linear design system, already in use for the forward and inverse design of three-dimensional turbine aerofoils, has been extended for the design of their end walls. This paper shows how this method has been applied to the design of a nonaxisymmetric end wall for a turbine rotor blade in linear cascade. The calculations show that nonaxisymmetric end wall profiling is a powerful tool for reducing secondary flows, in particular the secondary kinetic energy and exit angle deviations. Simple end wall profiling is shown to be at least as beneficial aerodynamically as the now standard techniques of differentially skewing aerofoil sections up the span, and (compound) leaning of the aerofoil. A design is presented that combines a number of end wall features aimed at reducing secondary loss and flow deviation. The experimental study of this geometry, aimed at validating the design method, is the subject of the second part of this paper. The effects of end wall perturbations on the flow field are calculated using a three-dimensional pressure correction based Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes CFD code. These calculations are normally performed overnight on a cluster of work stations. The design system then calculates the relationships between perturbations in the end wall and resulting changes in the flow field. With these available, linear superposition theory is used to enable the designer to investigate quickly the effect on the flow field of many combinations of end wall shapes (a matter of minutes for each shape). [S0889-504X(00)00902-8]
Novel Chromium(III) Complexes Containing Imidazole-Based Chelate Ligands with Varying Donor Sets:  Synthesis and Reactivity (2001)

Reaction of (THF)3RCrCl2 (R = Cl, Me) with tri- and bidentate bis(N-methylimidazole-2-yl) ligands gave the new Cr(III) complexes [Cr(N∧N∧Y)Cl3] (3a−c), [Cr(N∧N)Cl3]2 (4a−c), and [Cr(Me)(N∧N∧Y)Cl2] (5a,b) in ≥90% yield. Toluene solutions of 3,4/MMAO convert ethylene into linear 1-alkenes with selectivities of up to 79%.
Impact of Age at Administration, Lysosomal Storage, and Transgene Regulatory Elements on AAV2/8-Mediated Rat Liver Transduction (2012)

Liver-directed gene transfer is being investigated for the treatment of systemic or liver-specific diseases. Recombinant vectors based on adeno-associated virus serotype 8 (AAV2/8) efficiently transduce liver cells allowing long term transgene expression after a single administration in animal models and in patients.We evaluated the impact on AAV2/8-mediated rat liver transduction of the following variables: i) age at vector administration, ii) presence of lysosomal storage in liver cells, and iii) regulatory elements included in the transgene expression cassette. We found that systemic administration of AAV2/8 to newborn rats results in vector genome dilution and reduced transduction efficacy when compared to adult injected animals, presumably due to hepatocyte proliferation. Accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in lysosomes does not impact on levels and distribution of AAV2/8-mediated liver transduction. Transgene expression occurs in hepatocytes but not in Kupffer or liver endothelial cells when the liver-specific thyroxine-binding-globulin promoter is used. However, extra-hepatic transduction is observed in the spleen and kidney of animals injected at birth. The use of target sequences for the hematopoietic-specific microRNA miR142-3p does not improve liver transduction efficacy neither reduce immune responses to the lysosomal enzyme arylsulfatase B. The inclusion of a variant of the Woodchuck hepatitis virus post-transcriptional regulatory element (WPRE-m) decreases AAV2/8-mediated liver transduction levels.As AAV2/8-mediated liver gene transfer is entering in the clinical arena, these data will provide relevant information to the design of efficient AAV2/8-based therapeutic strategies.
Intrapericardial installation of radioactive chromic phosphate in malignant effusion (1977)

Treatment of 28 patients with malignant pericardial effusion was accomplished primarily by intrapericardial instillation of radioactive chromic phosphate. At time of diagnosis of pericardial disease, 14 patients had major manifestations of tamponade; the rest had little or no clinical evidence of effusion. Only eight of the 28 patients had further problems with effusion after the initial pericardiocentesis and 32P instillation. Additional aspirations were done on those patients 2 weeks to 5 months later. The average survival was 9 months; seven patients lived more than 1 year.
Daniel A. Arnheim “Dance injuries—their prevention and cure” (1981)

This is an excellent book for anyone concerned with Dance, Gymnastics, and any Body Movement activities.
Radio propagation at microwave frequencies for line-of-sight microcellular mobile and personal communications (1991)

A propagation experiment has been designed and conducted at 900 MHz and 11 GHz to characterize microcell channels using various antennas at two distinct frequencies. It is found that propagation in rural areas is dominated by interference between the direct, line-of-sight ray and a specular roadway-reflected ray. In urban areas, the addition of four specular wall-reflected rays adequately represents microcell propagation. The dependence of mean power falloff, measured mean power and calculated power on distance was determined. The lambda /2 scale microvariations of the received power are reduced compared to the variations in present cellular radio systems. For urban sites using omnidirectional base and mobile antennas, the RMS delay spread due to road- and wall-reflected rays was obtained from a six-ray model. Using a 20-dB horn for the mobile antenna can reduce this delay spread.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CRF-based combination of contextual features to improve a posteriori word-level confidence measures (2010)

This paper addresses the issue of confidence measure reliability provided by automatic speech recognition systems for use in various spoken language processing applications. We propose a method based on conditional random field to combine contextual features to improve word-level confidence measures. The method consists in combining various knowledge sources (acoustic, lexical, linguistic, phonetic and morphosyntactic) to enhance confidence measures, explicitly exploiting context information. Experiments were conducted on a large French broadcast news corpus from the ESTER benchmark. Results demonstrate the added-value of our method with a significant improvement of the normalized cross entropy and of the equal error rate.
Diamine Oxidase from Pig Kidney: New Purification Method and Amino Acid Composition (1982)

Several methods for the isolation of apparently homogeneous pig kidney diamine oxidase have been reported in recent years (1-7), but these procedures allow to obtain only little amounts of material making very difficult the study of the molecular properties of the enzyme. Drawing useful indication from the purification procedures previously reported, we were able to set up a new method which allows to obtain homogeneous enzyme samples in high yield and with good reproducibility. This procedure allowed to determine with greater accuracy the molecular weight of the enzyme that resulted to be 170,000 daltons by gel chromatography and 145,000 by ultracentrifuge. The enzyme is composed of two apparently identical subunits and contains two copper atoms per dimer. The amino acid composition of the protein has been also worked out and found similar to those already reported for other copper dependent amine oxidases. Pig kidney diamine oxidase is a glycoprotein containing about 20% sugars by weight.
Ionospheric heating by powerful radio waves (1974)

In addition to the communication applications that stem from the generation of field‐aligned irregularities, ionospheric heating by powerful HF waves also holds promise for establishing new techniques in D ‐, E ‐, and F ‐region aeronomy. This paper concentrates on the application of the theory of plasma heating by ohmic and nonlinear dissipation to the special conditions of the lower ionosphere where the electron collision and disturbing wave frequencies are comparable and the upper ionosphere where electron thermal transport is large and restricted by the earth's magnetic field. We predict the magnitude and distribution of large‐scale changes in the electron temperature and density in both the D and F layers under a variety of conditions. These results are compared with direct measurements or inferred changes whenever possible. We also examine the effects of specular‐height mismatch, multiple frequency operation involving heater‐power sharing, and antenna beam tilt on the total cross section for field‐aligned scattering. The analysis is based on the concept that the energy‐density distribution on the heater reflectrix computed by means of a ray‐tracing technique can be related directly to the density‐fluctuation intensity through an appropriate scattering model. Lastly, potential applications to aeronomy are discussed, particularly in regard to D ‐region measurements of the effective recombination coefficient magnitude and temperature dependence and the relative water cluster ion concentration.
Platelet-activating factor. A potent chemotactic and chemokinetic factor for human eosinophils. (1986)

Platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether), an inflammatory mediator with a wide range of biological activities including neutrophil aggregation and chemotaxis, was studied for its effect on human eosinophil locomotion (chemotaxis and chemokinesis). Human eosinophils (25-95% purity) were obtained from donors with a variety of diseases associated with hypereosinophilia. PAF-acether elicited directional locomotion of eosinophils, in a time- and dose-dependent fashion, at concentrations from 10(-5) to 10(-8) M; lyso-PAF had minimal activity over the same dose range. Compared with PAF-acether, the eosinophil locomotory responsiveness of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), histamine, and the valyl- and alanyl-eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis (ECF-A) tetrapeptides was negligible. Conversely, neutrophil responsiveness to PAF-acether (optimum 10(-6) M) was comparable in effect to LTB4 (optimum dose 10(-8) M). It was shown that PAF-acether elicited both chemotaxis and chemokinesis of eosinophils. Comparison of normal density and light density eosinophils revealed no qualitative difference in the response to PAF-acether and the other chemoattractants, although the light density cells seemed to demonstrate a greater degree of locomotion to PAF-acether and LTB4. Thus, PAF-acether appears to be a potent eosinophilotactic agent which may play a role in inflammatory reactions characterized by eosinophil infiltration.
Transient stability index from conventional time domain simulation (1994)

This paper presents a practical and efficient method to incorporate energy analysis into conventional power system time domain transient stability simulation for producing a first swing stability index. The proposed method is a variation of the potential energy boundary source approach, utilizing a numerical transient energy function and a pseudo-fault-on trajectory starting from the dominant potential energy peak point of the postfault system trajectory. The transient stability index not only provides additional insight into the stability studies, but also has the potential of speeding up the stability limit derivation process by reducing the number of program runs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Role of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factors in Transcriptional Regulation of Male-specific CYP2A2 (2004)

Cytochrome P450 2A2 (CYP2A2) is an adult male-specific rat liver steroid hydroxylase whose sex-dependent expression is regulated at the transcriptional level by sexually dimorphic pituitary growth hormone (GH) secretory patterns. In contrast to CYP2C11 and other male-specific, plasma GH pulse-inducible liver genes, CYP2A2 is highly expressed in hypophysectomized rat liver, despite the absence of GH stimulation. CYP2A2 promoter fragments 0.9-6.2 kb long exhibited unusually high basal promoter activity when transfected into the liver cell line HepG2. A further approximately 2.5-fold increase in activity was obtained by cotransfection of hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF) 3gamma or HNF4alpha. CYP2A2 promoter activity was inhibited approximately 85% by transfection of HNF3beta or HNF6, both of which are more highly expressed in female than male liver and can strongly trans-activate the female-specific CYP2C12 promoter. The male GH pulse-activated transcription factor STAT5b had no effect on CYP2A2 promoter activity, either alone or in combination with HNF3gamma and HNF4alpha, consistent with the GH pulse-independence of CYP2A2 expression. By contrast, STAT5b synergistically enhanced the transcriptional activity of HNF4alpha toward two other male-specific liver target genes, Cyp2d9 and CYP8B1. Furthermore, STAT5b in combination with the HNF4alpha coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha strongly enhanced the transcriptional activity of HNF4alpha toward CYP8B1 but not toward CYP2A2. These findings support the hypothesis that sex-dependent HNFs contribute to the sexually dimorphic expression of CYP2A2 and other liver CYPs and highlight the ability of STAT5b to act in concert with HNF4alpha to regulate select male-specific liver CYP genes.
Three dimensional visualisation of magnetic resonance images of human brain (2010)

Visualization is a technique that administers visual perception and communication of an object in the context of a particular application. Tools implementing visualization of 3-dimensional (3D) data have been effective especially in medical imaging applications that provide an insight in to a particular organ of a human body for clinical purposes. Human brain research is one of the key areas, which depended highly on visualization for the modeling, and viewing of the brain because of the high risk involved in any surgical procedure and the complexity of the brain itself. As such, the ability to create a user-friendly interface for visualizing and interacting of the human brain greatly enhances the understanding of the human brain, and assist in the evaluation and analysis of brain imaging data for the research.\n\n\n\nThis report aims to explain and elaborate the development of interfaces for the visualization of the human brain. The development of routines makes use of different open-source software such as Visualization Toolkit (VTK) and programming languages like Tools Command Language (Tcl) to achieve its goal. The analyses of rendering algorithms for volume and surface rendering are presented, which assist in the understanding of the logics behind the procedures taken to achieve visualization. Lastly, this report will provide a discussion that could set the basis for enhancement of the visualization interfaces and future investigation.