gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Entanglement-based wavelength multiplexed quantum communication network (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Quantum networks scale the advantages of quantum communication protocols to more than just two distant users. Here we present a fully connected quantum network architecture in which a single entangled photon source distributes quantum states to a multitude of users. Our network architecture thus minimizes the resources required of each user without sacrificing security or functionality. As no adaptations of the source are required to add users, the network can readily be scaled to a large number of clients, whereby no trust in the provider of the quantum source is required. Unlike previous attempts at multi-user networks, which have been based on active components, and thus limited to some duty cycle, our implementation is fully passive and thus provides the potential for unprecedented quantum communication speeds. We experimentally demonstrate the feasibility of our approach using a single source of bi-partite polarization entanglement which is multiplexed into 12 wavelength channels to distribute 6 states between 4 users in a fully connected graph using only 1 fiber and polarization analysis module per user. We then discuss practical usage scenarios to demonstrate the advantage of some of the salient features of our network topology. These include adaptations/hardware implementations that are more favorable for local area networks and those for long distance intercity links. Our implementation consisted of a single Type 0 MgO:PPLN crystal pumped bidirectionally in a Sagnac interferometer to produce polarization entangled photon pairs with an ≈ 60 nm bandwidth. These pair wise entangled photons were split into 12 different wavelength channels corresponding to 6 correlated wavelength pairs. Each of the 4 users in our demonstration received 3 wavelength channels multiplexed together via a solitary single mode fiber. Each user had just one detector unit that they used to simultaneously measure all input channels. We exploited small time delays between different channels to isolate the relevant signal from noise. We measured the quality of entanglement between each channel pair simultaneously and calculated the effective secure key rate using the E91 protocol. Our experiment showed the effectiveness of our network topology and its scalability against noise, number of users and losses. Further experiments are underway to increase the number of clients and improve the scalability of the topology. Also, we plan to demonstrate distributed computation tasks like secure auctions, Byzantine fault tolerance, and asynchronous reference frame agreement are feasible using our network architecture.
CCR2 Influences T Regulatory Cell Migration to Tumors and Serves as a Biomarker of Cyclophosphamide Sensitivity (2016)

The CCL2 chemokine receptor CCR2 drives cancer by mediating the recruitment of monocytes and myeloid-derived suppressor cells to the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we extend the significance of CCR2 in this setting by identifying a new role for it in mediating recruitment of CD4<sup>+</sup> T regulatory cells (Treg). Following tumor initiation, an expanded population of CCR2<sup>+</sup> Tregs required CCR2 expression to traffic between draining lymph nodes (dLN) and the tumor. This Treg subset was enriched in the fraction of tumor antigen-specific cells in the dLN, where they displayed an activated immunosuppressive phenotype. Notably, in mouse models, low-dose cyclophosphamide treatment preferentially depleted CCR2<sup>+</sup> Treg, enhancing priming of tumor-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. In the MMTV-PyMT transgenic mouse model of breast cancer and in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients, tumor development was associated with decreased blood frequency and inversely increased tumor frequency of CCR2<sup>+</sup> Tregs. Our results define a novel subset of CCR2<sup>+</sup> Treg involved in tumoral immune escape, and they offer evidence that this Treg subset may be preferentially eradicated by low-dose cyclophosphamide treatment. Cancer Res; 76(22); 6483-94. ©2016 AACR.
High-Frequency Measurement of Surface Elasticity of a Soluble Monolayer at Water Surface Using Ripplon Light Scattering Method (1993)

Surface elasticity and surface viscosity of a soluble monolayer on the surface of octanoic acid solution were measured in the frequency range from 40 kHz to 1 MHz using the wide-band ripplon light scattering method. The surface elasticity was found to be independent of frequency in the frequency range measured and the value agreed well with those obtained using other techniques at low frequencies. The results show that the surface layer of octanoic acid molecules behaves effectively as an insoluble layer at ripplon frequencies.
<title>Reverse engineering for rapid product development: a state of the art</title> (1999)

This paper presents a state of the art of reverse engineering for rapid product development. This domain concerns both 3D measurement for comparison between the CAD reference model and the discrete data (point clouds, CT contours), and data acquisition for CAD modeling (surface and volume modeling from grids of set of points or contours). This paper presents the main aspects of reverse engineering domain, from the sensors used for data acquisition to software for data computation and to software for part modeling from point clouds.
Compliance (2005)

Central to any discussion of the regulation of financial services is the concept of “compliance.” The Concise Oxford Dictionary lists compliance as “action in accordance with request, command, etc.” So it has the force of something that leads somewhere, an active approach to a suggestion. The dictionary also adds a secondary definition, “(degree of) yielding under applied force.” This is a more passive action, a sense of being cajoled into doing something. In reality, we can see both definitions at work in the relationship between regulator and financial institution. Some organizations work willingly to meet regulation; others more reluctantly, only doing the minimum to avoid punitive action. For those regulations not enforceable by law, a two-step process often is necessary:
Manipulation of Plasmids from Yeast Cells (1997)

This unit describes several procedures for manipulating plasmids in yeast cells. The first is a general method to segregate autonomously replicating plasmids from cells: plasmid-containing yeast cells are grown in nonselective medium, and colonies lacking the plasmid are identified by replica plating. The second, plasmid shuffling, represents a specialized version of plasmid segregation that is useful for analyzing the function of essential genes and for identifying conditional lethal mutations in essential genes. The third approach, plasmid gap repair, is based on the efficient homologous recombination characteristics of yeast cells. Plasmid gap repair can be be used as a method to incorporate mutagenized DNA fragments into a yeast plasmid, rescue genomic mutations onto plasmids, or map alleles of a given gene.
Efficacy of Prophylactic Antibiotics in Dermatological Punch biopsy (2004)

Background: Punch biopsy has been used frequently as a diagnostic method in dermatologic field. However dermatologist administrated antibiotics is routine for the prevention of wound infection. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics in punch biopsy. Methods: Four hundred and one patients undergoing punch biopsy were studied prospectively. Patients were randomly split in to two groups: group I received prophylactic antibiotics after punch biopsy (197 patients), group IT didn't receive any antibiotic after punch biopsy (204 patients). Wound infection was defined as a condition of erythema, edema, and pain or purulent discharge. Results: Patients demographics and skin disease were similar between two groups. Biopsy site were infected in 3 patients of group I and 5 patients of groups IT. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacteroides fragilis were isolated from the infected biopsy site. There was no significant difference of infection rate between two groups. Conclusion: This result suggests that the routine use of prophylactic antibiotics after skin punch biopsy is unnecessary. (Korean J Dermatol 2004;42(6):724-727)
Networks on chip: a new paradigm for systems on chip design (2003)

This paper is meant to be a short introduction to a new paradigm for systems on chip (SoC) design. The premises are that a component-based design methodology will prevail in the future, to support component re-use in a plug-and-play fashion. At the same time, SoCs will have to provide a functionally-correct, reliable operation of the interacting components. The physical interconnections on chip will be a limiting factor for performance and energy consumption.
Leptin secretion from subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in women. (1998)

Upper body obesity is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Little is known about the regulation of body fat distribution, but leptin may be involved. This study examined the secretion of leptin in subcutaneous and omental fat tissue in 15 obese and 8 nonobese women. Leptin secretion rates were two to three times higher in subcutaneous than in omental fat tissue in both obese and nonobese women (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.001, respectively). There was a positive correlation between BMI and leptin secretion rates in both subcutaneous (r = 0.87, P < 0.0001) and omental (r = 0.74, P < 0.0001) fat tissue. Furthermore, leptin secretion rates in subcutaneous and omental fat tissue correlated well with serum leptin levels (r = 0.84, P < 0.0001 and r = 0.73, P = 0.001, respectively), although in multivariate analysis, the subcutaneous leptin secretion rate was the major regressor for serum leptin (F = 42). Subcutaneous fat cells were approximately 50% larger than omental fat cells, and there was a positive correlation between fat cell size and leptin secretion rate in both fat depots (r = 0.8, P < 0.01). Leptin (but not gamma-actin) mRNA levels were twofold higher in subcutaneous than in omental fat tissue (P < 0.05). Thus the subcutaneous fat depot is the major source of leptin in women owing to the combination of a mass effect (subcutaneous fat being the major depot) and a higher secretion rate in the subcutaneous than in the visceral region, which in turn could be due to increased cell size and leptin gene expression.
Targeted therapy and immunotherapy in advanced melanoma: an evolving paradigm (2012)

Metastatic melanoma is one of the most challenging malignancies to treat and often has a poor outcome. Until recently, systemic treatment options were limited, with poor response rates and no survival advantage. However, the treatment of metastatic melanoma has been revolutionized by developments in targeted therapy and immunotherapy; the BRAF inhibitor, vemurafenib, and anticytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 antibody, ipilimumab, are the first agents to demonstrate a survival benefit. Despite the success of these treatments, most patients eventually progress, and research into response and resistance mechanisms, rationally designed combination therapies and evaluation of the role of these agents in the adjuvant setting is critically important.
THE LARVAE OF AUSTRALIAN IXODIDAE (ACARINA: IXODOIDEA) (1969)

Abstract These studies are based on the larvae of 29 of the 52 species of Ixodidae recorded from Australia. The 29 species comprise 13 species of Ixodes , 6 species of Haemaphysalis , 1 species of Boophilus , 1 species of Rhipicephalus , 5 species of Amblyomma , and 3 species of Aponomma ; larvae of 11 species are described for the first time. Descriptions, illustrations, and with the genera Ixodes and Haemaphysalis keys also, are given. The descriptions include the respective chaetotaxy patterns which are considered of value for generic and in many instances also for specific diagnosis.
Over‐expression of the MDM<sub>2</sub> gene is found in some cases of haematological malignancies (1994)

We looked for MDM2 gene amplification and over-expression by Southern and Northern blot analysis in 135 and 66 cases of haematological malignancies, including ALL, AML, CML in chronic phase, CLL, MDS, PLL, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and myeloma. No amplification of the gene was found. An over-expression of MDM2 RNA was seen in 9/66 (14%) patients tested, including 3/9 ALL, 3/24 AML, 2/4 myelomas, 1/1 PLL, but 0/2 CML, 0/2 NHL and 0/21 MDS. None of the patients over-expressing MDM2 had modifications of P53 gene transcript or p53 mutations. Most of the patients over-expressing MDM2 gene had poor prognostic features (including 'unfavourable' cytogenetic abnormalities), poor response to chemotherapy and short survival. Our findings suggest that over-expression of MDM2 is seen in a relatively small number of haematological malignancies, and is associated with poor prognosis.
Analysis of strengths and weaknesses in current research in science education (1967)

Abstract Research in science education has promise when it is relevant, is adequately conceptualized, and has sound methodology.
Synthesis of 14,17-propano analogues of estradiol (1997)

Stereocontrolled syntheses of the 14α,17α-propano and 14β,17β-propano analogues of estradiol are described, together with those of numerous derivatives in which additional functionality is incorporated into the bridged system. Intramolecular aldol condensation of 17β-acetoxy-3-methoxy-20-oxo-19-nor-17α -pregna-1,3,5(10)-triene-14-carbaldehyde 1 furnishes 3-methoxy-171-oxo-14,17α-prop-172 -enoestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17β-yl acetate 2, which is transformed into 14,17α-propanoestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diol 17. In the first of two synthetic approaches to the 14β,17β-propano series, cycloaddition of methyl propiolate to 3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10),14,16-pentaen-17-yl acetate 25 gives a 14,17-bridged intermediate 26, in which the latent propyne equivalency of the dienophile is elaborated through selective functional group transformations to give 17-acetoxy-3-methoxy-20-oxo-19-nor-14β -pregna-1,3,5(10)-triene-14-carbaldehyde 50 and the derived product 52 of intramolecular aldol condensation. The second approach entails regioselective functionalisation of 14-allyl-3-methoxy-14β-estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one 54 at C-2′ or C-3′ to give intermediates for intramolecular closure between the chain terminus and C-17, leading to 14,17β-propano-14β-estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17α-diol 64. The results of competitive binding assays of the hormone analogues 17 and 64 toward the estradiol receptor are reported, and compared with those of bridge-functionalised derivatives.
Intranasal fentanyl titration for postoperative pain management in an unselected population (1993)

A randomized, double-blind study was undertaken to investigate the suitability of intranasally administered fentanyl for postoperative pain management under routine conditions in an unselected population. For postoperative pain relief, patients received either 0.027 mg fentanyl intranasally and sodium chloride 0.9% intravenously (intranasal group, n = 53) or sodium chloride 0.9% intranasally and 0.027 mg fentanyl intravenously (intravenous group, n = 59). These doses were repeated every 5 min until the patients were free of pain or refused further analgesia. Pain severity was evaluated before beginning opioid titration and 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 min thereafter. Adequate pain relief was achieved in 52 of 53 patients in the intranasal and in all patients in the intravenous group. Pain intensities evaluated on a 101-point numerical rating scale as well as on a verbal rating scale decreased significantly in both study groups within 5 min. At the 15 min measurement point, numerical rating scale pain intensity and at the 10 and 20 min point, verbal rating scale pain intensity was significantly lower in the intravenous group. The incidence of side effects was low in both groups and no patient complained of intranasal pain. Intranasally administered fentanyl would appear to be suitable for the management of postoperative pain.
Molecular identification of pathogenic fungi (2007)

Systemic fungal infections represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. The ever-increasing number of yeast species associated with human infections that are not covered by conventional identification kits, and the fact that moulds isolated from deep infections are frequently impossible to identify using classical methods due to lack of sporulation, has driven the need for rapid, robust molecular identification techniques. We recently developed a rapid method of preparing fungal genomic DNAs using Whatman FTA filters, which has greatly facilitated molecular identification. Mould isolates cultured from dark grain mycetomas (destructive infections of skin/subcutaneous tissues that progress to involve muscle and bone) invariably fail to produce features by which they can be identified and were taxonomic mysteries. PCR amplification and sequencing of 250 bp of the internal transcribed spacer region 1 (ITS1) allowed us to distinguish between the known agents of mycetoma, to describe three new species associated with this disease and to define phylogenetic relationships. For yeasts, 153 isolates encompassing 47 species that had failed to be identified using classical methods were unambiguously identified by conventional sequencing of 350 bp of the 26S rRNA D1D2 region. These represented 5% of the isolates examined and included common species with atypical biochemical and phenotypic profiles, and rarer species infrequently associated with infection. Our recent studies indicate that FTA extraction coupled with pyrosequencing of 25 bp of ITS2 could potentially identify most common yeast species from pure culture in half a day. Together, these data underscore the importance of molecular techniques for fungal identification.
An analysis of pedestrian movement in multilevel complex by Space Syntax theory (2008)

近年、都心部の鉄道周辺地域を中心に再開発事業がさかんである。再開発事業により駅周辺地域の建築物や駅施設が複合かつ多層になっていくことで、駅施設の魅力が上がり今度もその駅を利用する人が増加していく一方で、駅の利用者からすれば複雑な空間形態に加えて多くの歩行者が行き交い各々の目的地までに行くのに分かりづらい空間形態になっていくことが予想される。本研究では、このような空間形態を「複雑多層空間」と定義した。このような複雑多層空間内で、人々は何を基準に経路選択をしているのだろうか。それをスペース・シンタックス理論（以下、SS理論）を用いて定量的に分析することが本研究の目的である。本研究では東京都渋谷区にある渋谷駅を事例対象として分析を行った。歩行者流動を実測し、SS理論を用いて空間形態を分析し、それらの結果を用いて歩行者流動を表す重回帰モデル式を作成した。その結果、「視野範囲の広さ」と「ターン回数の少なさ」及び「最短距離で歩けること」が経路選択時において重要な影響を与えることが明らかになった。
Proposal of Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) Suppression Technique for Optical Multilevel Signal Generation (2006)

A virtually ISI-free optical multilevel modulation technique applicable to wide-range of multilevel formats is proposed. Superior QASK modulation performance is experimentally demonstrated with 3-dB sensitivity improvement in 40-Gbit/s 16-level amplitude- and phase-shift keying (APSK) modulation.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE INDEX IN A NORMAL BIVARIATE POPULATION (1932)

Journal Article THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE INDEX IN A NORMAL BIVARIATE POPULATION Get access E. C. FIELLER, B.A. E. C. FIELLER, B.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Biometrika, Volume 24, Issue 3-4, November 1932, Pages 428–440, https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/24.3-4.428 Published: 01 November 1932
Efficient algorithm for optimal force distribution-the compact-dual LP method (1990)

An efficient algorithm, the compact-dual linear programming (LP) method, is presented to solve the force distribution problem. In this method, the general solution of the linear equality constraints is obtained by transforming the underspecified matrix into row-reduced echelon form; then, the linear equality constraints of the force distribution problem are eliminated. In addition, the duality theory of linear programming is applied. The resulting method is applicable to a wide range of systems, constraints, and objective functions and yet is computationally efficient. The significance of this method is demonstrated by solving the force distribution problem of a grasping system under development at Ohio State called DIGITS. With two fingers grasping an object and hard point contact with friction considered, the CPU time on a VAX-11/785 computer is only 1.47 ms. If four fingers are considered and a linear programming package in the IMSL library is utilized, the CPU time is then less than 45 ms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Generating positive contrast from off-resonant spins with steady-state free precession magnetic resonance imaging: theory and proof-of-principle experiments (2006)

It is well known that magnetic susceptibility variations lead to signal voids in MRI. However, recent work has shown that positive-contrast imaging of susceptibility-induced field variations can provide signal enhancements rather than signal losses. In this paper, we propose a new method for generating positive contrast from off-resonant spins with steady-state free precession (SSFP) magnetic resonance imaging. Based on theory and experiments, we demonstrate that positive-contrast images can be acquired in the presence of susceptibility-shift media with low flip angle excitations that are determined by the spin relaxation time constants of the imaging medium. Compared to other techniques, this technique is substantially faster and has low specific absorption rates, permitting high-field imaging. In addition to acquiring positive-contrast images, we also show that it is possible to suppress the imaging medium to desired levels; thereby allowing for simultaneous registration of the background details surrounding the susceptibility-shift media. Among practical applications, we anticipate that the proposed technique can potentially facilitate high field magnetic-resonance-based molecular imaging.
Second-harmonic generation from quantum noise owing to fifth-order nonlinearity (1988)

Simple quantum theory of second-harmonic generation from quantum noise owing to the fifth-order nonlinear optical interaction in centrosymmetric media is presented. This theory explains the rise of initial second-harmonic seeding radiation in optical fibers.
RPM real time performance management (2002)

Traditionally, performance management of telecommunications networks has been undertaken on a Network Element (NE) basis, often in an uncoordinated manner and requiring sophisticated human expertise for relatively trivial tasks. However, as networks become increasingly diverse and complex, and the demands upon them increase, this approach is more and more inefficient. Additionally, the advent of distributed processing networks, such as mobile cellular, IN (Intelligent Networks) and TINA (Telecommunication Information Networking Architecture), means that local performance management will no longer be sufficient and co-ordination of these activities across the network is now required. The problems with centralised performance management of networks are the volume of data, the complexity of the network, and the resultant latencies in response times to network problems, A real time performance management system for telecommunications networks is described, which can form the basis of real time decentralised control of future telecommunications networks. The proposed performance measurement system provides open interfaces for subscription to real time performance information at varying degrees of abstraction, corresponding to the required management view. The measurement system takes an event-based approach to delivering firm real time performance information. The measurement enables real time and near real time control systems to be decentralised within the management network, both at a local level and at a regional level. A hierarchical approach both reduces the volume and complexity of performance information and facilitates the development of a "management by delegation" paradigm in the management network.