gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Creatine and Caffeine: Considerations for Concurrent Supplementation (2015)

Nutritional supplementation is a common practice among athletes, with creatine and caffeine among the most commonly used ergogenic aids. Hundreds of studies have investigated the ergogenic potential of creatine supplementation, with consistent improvements in strength and power reported for exercise bouts of short duration (≤ 30 s) and high intensity. Caffeine has been shown to improve endurance exercise performance, but results are mixed in the context of strength and sprint performance. Further, there is conflicting evidence from studies comparing the ergogenic effects of coffee and caffeine anhydrous supplementation. Previous research has identified independent mechanisms by which creatine and caffeine may improve strength and sprint performance, leading to the formulation of multi-ingredient supplements containing both ingredients. Although scarce, research has suggested that caffeine ingestion may blunt the ergogenic effect of creatine. While a pharmacokinetic interaction is unlikely, authors have suggested that this effect may be explained by opposing effects on muscle relaxation time or gastrointestinal side effects from simultaneous consumption. The current review aims to evaluate the ergogenic potential of creatine and caffeine in the context of high-intensity exercise. Research directly comparing coffee and caffeine anhydrous is discussed, along with previous studies evaluating the concurrent supplementation of creatine and caffeine.
ChemInform Abstract: Epoxy‐Encapsulated Ceramic Superconductor Microelectrodes. (1990)

Abstract A method is developed for the fabrication of well‐behaved YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 and Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 microelectrodes that involves encapsulation of the superconducting material in an insulating epoxy matrix and a polishing procedure with potentiometric detection of the conductivity of the microelectrode.
Physical and functional maps of the luminescence gene cluster in an autoinducer-deficient Vibrio fischeri strain isolated from a squid light organ (1992)

Vibrio fischeri ES114 is an isolate representing the specific bacterial light organ symbiont of the squid Euprymna scolopes. An interesting feature of this strain of V. fischeri is that it is visibly luminous within the light organ of the squid host but is nonluminous when grown under standard laboratory conditions. Luminescence can be restored in laboratory culture, however, by the addition of autoinducer, a species-specific inducer of the V. fischeri luminescence (lux) genes. Most other isolates of V. fischeri produce autoinducer in sufficient quantities to induce luminescence in laboratory culture. We have cloned an 8.8-kb DNA fragment from V. fischeri ES114 that encodes all of the functions necessary for luminescence in Escherichia coli in the absence of exogenous autoinducer. This DNA contains both of the recognized V. fischeri lux regulatory genes, one of which (luxI) directs E. coli to synthesize autoinducer. The organization of the individual lux genes within this DNA fragment appears to be the same as that in the other strains of V. fischeri studied; the restriction map of the V. fischeri ES114 lux DNA has diverged substantially, however, from the largely conserved maps of V. fischeri MJ1 and ATCC 7744. Although E. coli containing the V. fischeri ES114 lux DNA synthesizes considerable amounts of autoinducer, V. fischeri ES114 synthesizes autoinducer only in small amounts, even when transcription of the lux genes, including luxI, is activated by the addition of exogenous autoinducer. Nonetheless, transconjugants of V. fischeri ES114 that contain multicopy plasmids bearing the ES114 lux genes synthesize sufficient autoinducer to induce luminescence. These results suggest that V. fischeri ES11r does not lack a functional luxl, nor is it deficient in the ability to synthesize metabolic precursors for autoinducer synthesis.
The Design and Application of Converted-wave COVs (2013)

Summary We demonstrate an adaptation of the COV concept to converted-wave (PS) data, and discuss applications of the COV domain in PS processing. We illustrate that one possible application is to update the Vp/Vs used for CCP binning, based upon analysis of reciprocal COVs, with equal but opposite offset vector directions.
Communicating sequential processes (1983)

This paper suggests that input and output are basic primitives of programming and that parallel composition of communicating sequential processes is a fundamental program structuring method. When combined with a development of Dijkstra's guarded command, these concepts are surprisingly versatile. Their use is illustrated by sample solutions of a variety of familiar programming exercises.
An Overview of Physical Layer Security in Wireless Communication Systems With CSIT Uncertainty (2016)

The concept of physical layer security builds on the pivotal idea of turning the channel's imperfections, such as noise and fading, into a source of security. This is established through appropriately designed coding techniques and signal processing strategies. In this vein, it has been shown that fading channels can enhance the transmission of confidential information and that a secure communication can be achieved even when the channel to the eavesdropper is better than the main channel. However, to fully benefit from what fading has to offer, the knowledge of the channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) is of primordial importance. In practical wireless communication systems, CSIT is usually obtained, prior to data transmission, through CSI feedback sent by the receivers. The channel links over which this feedback information is sent can be either noisy, rate-limited, or delayed, leading to CSIT uncertainty. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of recent and ongoing research works on physical layer security with CSIT uncertainty. We focus on both information theoretic and signal processing approaches to the topic when the uncertainty concerns the channel to the wiretapper or the channel to the legitimate receiver. Moreover, we present a classification of the research works based on the considered channel uncertainty. Mainly, we distinguish between the cases when the uncertainty comes from an estimation error of the CSIT, from a CSI feedback link with limited capacity, or from an outdated CSI.
[Construction of a tissue engineering skin containing capillary-like network]. (2004)

The tissue engineering skin containing capillary-like network is successfully constructed in vitro and can be used to repair the full-thickness skin defects.
Reusable software components (1998)

o l l o w s : URL http:llsw-eng. . The new copyright notice is much less restrictive than the previous one.
Shape recognition and vision-based robot control by shape morphing (2003)

The article presents a unified approach for object recognition and recognition based control of robotic interactions with objects. The approach is based on morphing the shape of objects. The morph of one object to another is treated as a deformation and is defined such that it can be quantified using a physics based model. This quantification serves as a dissimilarity measure and is used for shape recognition. By storing the views that represent the grasp positions for different object, the proposed framework is used to identify the desired end position a robot needs to attain for interacting with the given object. Furthermore, the images synthesized during the morph define a view based trajectory, starting with the view defining the initial robot-object orientation to the view defining the desired robot-object orientation. We propose a technique where these synthetic images are used to control the motion of a PUMA 560 eye-in-hand manipulator to execute alignment and grasping tasks. The proposed approach does not require complete calibration information, obviates manual feature selection and correspondence, can provide smooth trajectories, and needs a single image for each object (in a 4-DOF formulation). Potential applications range from recognition and positioning with respect to partially occluded or deformable objects as well as planning robotic grasping based on human demonstration.
Complement C3a Regulates Late Asthmatic Response and Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Mice (2009)

Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by biphasic airway obstruction and airway hyperresponsiveness. In this study, we attempted to elucidate the contribution of the complement C3a to these asthmatic symptoms. BALB/c mice sensitized by i.p. injections of OVA plus alum were challenged with OVA intratracheally four times. The fourth challenge caused a biphasic asthmatic response peaking at 10 min and 3-4 h, as well as airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. Histological examination revealed increased expression of C3a receptors in the lung on the fourth challenge. Additionally, the C3 level in serum 4 h after the fourth challenge was significantly reduced compared with that before the challenge. When a C3a receptor antagonist, SB290157, was administered i.p. 30 min before the fourth challenge, the late-phase asthmatic response and airway hyperresponsivness induced by the fourth challenge were significantly inhibited, although the early-phase response was not influenced. In bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, neutrophil infiltration 24 h after the fourth challenge was reduced by the treatment. On the other hand, SB290157 suppressed the increased expression of IL-1beta in the lung in this model, and the intratracheal administration of IL-1beta induced airway obstruction, airway hyperresponsiveness, and neutrophil infiltration in normal mice. These results illustrate that C3a is involved in the development of the late asthmatic response and airway hyperresponsiveness. The mechanism leading to the development of these symptoms may correlate with the recruitment of neutrophils and/or the production of IL-1beta induced by C3a.
The IoT Devices and Secured Communication Architecture and Use Cases (2019)

The rapid modernization in the domain of digitalized things and ICT - (Information Communication Technology) is a propulsive expeditious deployment of the IoT. The IoT - (Internet of Things) are systems which integrate the information, locations, consumers and millions and millions of constrained devices into a global network. The networks need secured tools and privacy in data transmission and a secure way of communication. The essential elements of the IoTs are devices produced by different producers, and they are designed to meet the required targets. In such an environment, it is required the development strongly in explainable security. In this article, it presents a secure and advanced architecture for IoT devices. We discuss use cases as the implementation of IoT based architecture keeping in mind the challenges with the security principles. Additionally, we discussed security procedures for constrained IoT - (internet of things) devices. The requirements involve describing the services to be provided by the system, and the constraints associated with its operations discussed.
New Caudata and Salientia from Mexico (1942)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
β-Lactams Derived from a Carbapenem Chiron Are Selective Inhibitors of Human Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase versus Human Monoacylglycerol Lipase (2009)

A library of 30 beta-lactams has been prepared from (3R,4R)-3-[(R)-1'-(tbutyldimethylsilyloxy)-ethyl]-4-acetoxy-2-azetidinone, and the corresponding deacetoxy derivative, by sequential N- and O-functionalizations with various omega-alkenoyl and omega-arylalkanoyl chains. All compounds were selective inhibitors of hFAAH versus hMGL, and IC(50) values in the nanomolar range (5-14 nM) were recorded for the best representatives. From time-dependent preincubation and rapid dilution studies, and from docking analyses in a homology model of the target enzyme, a reversible mechanism of inhibition of hFAAH is proposed.
Patterning and fluorescence tuning of quantum dots with haptic-interfaced bubble printing (2017)

Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are attractive for a wide range of applications such as displays, light-emitting devices, and sensors due to their properties such as tunable fluorescence wavelength, high brightness, and narrow bandwidth. Most of the applications require precise patterning of QDs with targeted properties on solid-state substrates. Herein, we have developed a haptic-interfaced bubble printing (HIBP) technique to enable high-resolution (510 nm) high-throughput (>10<sup>4</sup> μm s<sup>-1</sup>) patterning of QDs with strong emission tunability and to significantly enhance the accessibility of the technique <i>via</i> a smartphone device. The scalability and versatility of the HIBP are demonstrated in our arbitrary patterning of QDs on plasmonic substrates. A detailed study of plasmonic and photothermal interactions is performed <i>via</i> programmed stage movements to realize tunability of the emission wavelength and lifetime. Finally, the influence of the hand movement on the properties of the printed QDs in terms of emission wavelength tuning from yellow to blue is established. This work provides a single-step macroscale platform to manipulate nanoscale properties at high resolution and high throughput.
Induction and regulation of a secreted peptidoglycan hydrolase by a membrane Ser/Thr kinase that detects muropeptides (2010)

Here, we report that the model Gram-positive organism, Bacillus subtilis, expresses and secretes a muralytic enzyme, YocH, in response to cell wall-derived muropeptides derived from growing cells but not lysed cells. This induction is dependent on PrkC, a membrane Ser/Thr kinase that binds to peptidoglycan and that belongs to a broadly conserved family including the essential PknB kinase of M. tuberculosis. YocH stimulates its own expression in a PrkC-dependent manner demonstrating the presence of an autoregulatory loop during growth. Cells lacking YocH display a survival defect in stationary phase but enzymes secreted by other cells in the culture rescue this defect. The essential translation factor EF-G is an in vivo substrate of PrkC and this phosphorylation occurs in response to muropeptides. Therefore, we hypothesize that YocH is used by the bacterium to digest peptidoglycan released by other bacteria in the milieu and that the presence of these fragments is detected by a membrane kinase that modifies a key regulator of translation as well as to stimulate its own expression.
Rehabilitation of native forest species after mining in Westland. (1997)

Rehabilitation techniques for native forest were investigated at an opencast coal mine site in cut-over beech {Nothofagus) forest on alluvial river terraces at Giles Creek near Reefton, Westland. Annual precipitation at the site was 2900 mm and soils were dominantly Allophanic and Acid Brown Soils. The survival and growth of 11 nursery-raised native woody species, and natural regeneration, were examined in three covering treatments consisting of (1) overburden gravel, (2) mixed-horizon forest soil, and (3) layered-horizon forest soil. Underlying gravels were either not ripped or ripped to a depth of80 cm. Survival of bare-root and container-grown plants 4.5 years after planting was better in overburden gravel than in both mixed and layered soil, largely because of poor survival of beech species in soil. Plant height growth in overburden gravel, however, was minimal because of nitrogen deficiency. Height growth after 4.5 years in layered soil was nearly twice that in mixed soil, the better growth in layered soil being due to improved drainage and improved nitrogen nutrition. Poor survival of the beeches in forest soil is attributed
The Abl-related gene (Arg) nonreceptor tyrosine kinase uses two F-actin-binding domains to bundle F-actin (2001)

Abl family nonreceptor tyrosine kinases regulate cellular morphogenesis and motility through functional interactions with the actin cytoskeleton. Although Abl family kinases are known to contain filamentous (F)-actin-binding domains at their C termini, it is unclear how Abl family kinases regulate the structure and/or function of the actin cytoskeleton. We show here that the Abl-related kinase Arg binds with positive cooperativity to F-actin in vitro with binding saturating at a ratio of one Arg/two actin molecules. Measurements of the F-actin-binding properties of Arg deletion mutants led to the identification of a second, previously uncharacterized internal F-actin-binding domain in Arg. Purified Arg can bundle F-actin in vitro, and this bundling activity requires both F-actin-binding domains. An Arg-yellow fluorescent protein fusion protein can induce the formation of actin-rich structures at the lamellipodia of Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. Both of Arg's F-actin-binding domains are necessary and sufficient for the formation of these actin-rich structures. Together, our data suggest that Arg can use its F-actin-bundling activity to directly regulate actin cytoskeletal structure in vivo.
Favouring inhibitory synaptic drive mediated by GABA<sub>A</sub>receptors in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala efficiently reduces pain symptoms in neuropathic mice (2016)

Pain is an emotion and neuropathic pain symptoms are modulated by supraspinal structures such as the amygdala. The central nucleus of the amygdala is often called the 'nociceptive amygdala', but little is known about the role of the basolateral amygdala. Here, we monitored the mechanical nociceptive thresholds in a mouse model of neuropathic pain and infused modulators of the glutamate/GABAergic transmission in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) via chronically-implanted cannulas. We found that an N-methyl-D-aspartate-type glutamate receptor antagonist (MK-801) exerted a potent antiallodynic effect, whereas a transient allodynia was induced after perfusion of bicuculline, a GABA(A) receptor antagonist. Potentiating GABA(A) receptor function using diazepam or etifoxine (a non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic) fully but transiently alleviated mechanical allodynia. Interestingly, the antiallodynic effect of etifoxine disappeared in animals that were incapable of producing 3α-steroids. Diazepam had a similar effect but of shorter duration. As indicated by patch-clamp recordings of BLA neurons, these effects were mediated by a potentiation of GABA(A) receptor-mediated synaptic transmission. Together with a presynaptic elevation of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current frequency, the duration and amplitude of GABA(A) miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents were also increased (postsynaptic effect). The analgesic contribution of endogenous neurosteroid seemed to be exclusively postsynaptic. This study highlights the importance of the BLA and the local inhibitory/excitatory neuronal network activity while setting the mechanical nociceptive threshold. Furthermore, it appears that promoting inhibition in this specific nucleus could fully alleviate pain symptoms. Therefore, the BLA could be a novel interesting target for the development of pharmacological or non-pharmacological therapies.
Middle cerebral artery blood velocity during a Valsalva maneuver in the standing position (2000)

Occasionally, lifting of a heavy weight leads to dizziness and even to fainting, suggesting that, especially in the standing position, expiratory straining compromises cerebral perfusion. In 10 subjects, the middle cerebral artery mean blood velocity (V(mean)) was evaluated during a Valsalva maneuver (mouth pressure 40 mmHg for 15 s) both in the supine and in the standing position. During standing, cardiac output decreased by 16 +/- 4 (SE) % (P < 0.05), and at the level of the brain mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased from 89 +/- 2 to 78 +/- 3 mmHg (P < 0.05), as did V(mean) from 73 +/- 4 to 62 +/- 5 cm/s (P < 0.05). In both postures, the Valsalva maneuver increased central venous pressure by approximately 40 mmHg with a nadir in MAP and cardiac output that was most pronounced during standing (MAP: 65 +/- 6 vs. 87 +/- 3 mmHg; cardiac output: 37 +/- 3 vs. 57 +/- 4% of the resting value; P < 0.05). Also, V(mean) was lowest during the standing Valsalva maneuver (39 +/- 5 vs. 47 +/- 4 cm/s; P < 0.05). In healthy individuals, orthostasis induces an approximately 15% reduction in middle cerebral artery V(mean) that is exaggerated by a Valsalva maneuver performed with 40-mmHg mouth pressure to approximately 50% of supine rest.
Fully automatic apparatus for the determination of doping profiles in Si by electrical measurements and anodic stripping (1983)

A completely automatic, computer-controlled apparatus for the determination of doping profiles in silicon has been set up. Doping is determined by resistivity and Hall measurements associated with the subsequent removal of controlled thin layers of material. Anodic oxidation and subsequent oxide stripping by chemical etching has been chosen as the most controllable peeling technique. Electrical measurements are automatically detected and both carrier concentration and mobility values are plotted versus depth. A set of empirical parameters are provided to fit mobility-concentration data for P, B, and As available in the literature, with analytical expressions. In this way, comparison with experimental values detected in the profiling operation can be readily made and information on the presence of lattice imperfections can be obtained. A new technique for sample preparation, which uses an ultrasonic drill for mesa etching the van der Pauw pattern, is also described. With this apparatus the critical and time wasting operation of electrical activity profiling becomes a powerful method of standard analysis.
Liquid Cooling of Power Thyristors (1972)

A method of determining a given heat exchanger's thermal properties from the characteristics of the cooling medium is discussed. A test method is presented with an example which helps to clarify the results. It is concluded from running tests using three to four different liquids that heat exchanger thermal performance data can be derived for liquids having a wide range of liquid properties.
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors in the treatment of lower urinary tract dysfunction (2010)

Several disorders of the human upper and lower urinary tract, such as urinary stone disease, lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and detrusor overactivity, can be therapeutically addressed by influencing the function of the smooth musculature of the ureter, prostate or urinary bladder, respectively. In order to ensure a drug effect without significant adverse events, a certain degree of tissue selectivity is mandatory. The treatment of said conditions aims to focus on orally available drugs acting via intracellular signalling pathways. Specifically, the cyclic nucleotide monophosphate cyclic GMP represents an important mediator in the control of the outflow region (bladder, urethra). The use of phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, such as sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil, avanafil or udenafil, known to restrain the degradation of the second messenger cyclic GMP, offers great opportunities in the treatment of lower urinary tract dysfunction. PDE inhibitors are regarded as efficacious, have a rapid onset of action and favourable effect-to-side-effect ratio. The role of PDE5 inhibitors in the treatment of BPH/LUTS and the overactive bladder has already been addressed in randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, as well as preliminary open-label studies enrolling either several hundreds or only 20 patients. The purpose of this review is to focus on the potential use and clinical significance of PDE inhibitors in the treatment of storage and voiding dysfunctions of the lower urinary tract. The strategy of modulating the activity of PDE isoenzymes might represent a novel approach in patients with lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD).