gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pathway to Artificial Pancreas Systems Revisited: Moving Downstream (2015)

Artificial pancreas (AP) systems, a long-sought quest to replicate mechanically islet physiology that is lost in diabetes, are reaching the clinic, and the potential of automating insulin delivery is about to be realized. Significant progress has been made, and the safety and feasibility of AP systems have been demonstrated in the clinical research center and more recently in outpatient "real-world" environments. An iterative road map to AP system development has guided AP research since 2009, but progress in the field indicates that it needs updating. While it is now clear that AP systems are technically feasible, it remains much less certain that they will be widely adopted by clinicians and patients. Ultimately, the true success of AP systems will be defined by successful integration into the diabetes health care system and by the ultimate metric: improved diabetes outcomes.
Feature Engineering for Text Representation (2019)

In the previous chapters, we saw how to understand, process, and wrangle text data. However, all machine learning or deep learning models are limited because they cannot understand text data directly and they only understand numeric representations of features as inputs. In this chapter, we look at how to work with text data, which is definitely one of the most abundant sources of unstructured data. Text data usually consists of documents that can represent words, sentences, or even paragraphs of free-flowing text. The inherent lack of structure (no neatly formatted data columns!) and noisy nature of textual data makes it harder for machine learning methods to directly work on raw text data. Hence, in this chapter, we follow a hands-on approach to exploring some of the most popular and effective strategies for extracting meaningful features from text data. These features can then be used to represent text efficiently, which can be further leveraged in building machine learning or deep learning models easily to solve complex tasks.
Effect of an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm on Wave Reflection in the Aorta (2008)

Despite extensive attention to abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in the biomedical engineering community, its effect on aortic hemodynamics and arterial wave reflection has not been addressed before. We used experimental and numerical methods, relying on a realistic AAA geometry constructed from patient computer tomography scans (CT-scans), to study this issue. Pressure and flow waves were measured and simulated before and after AAA repair, and wave reflections were analyzed using linear wave separation and wave intensity analysis. With AAA, pronounced reflections were present in the pressure and flow waveforms. The reflection coefficient measured experimentally in the upper aorta was negative with AAA (-0.10) versus 0.47 without AAA. Wave intensity analysis confirmed the presence of a backward expansion wave caused by sudden expansion of the aorta; this was absent without AAA. These results were confirmed using a 1-D numerical model. A parameter study using this model demonstrated that dominant factors are diameter and compliance of the aneurysm, with larger diameters and more compliant AAA generating more negative reflections. Finally, a preliminary noninvasive study in three patients before and after AAA repair demonstrated that AAA-repair increased the reflection coefficient. In conclusion, the presence of AAA significantly alters wave reflection and hemodynamics in the aorta, with apparently measurable effects in humans.
A review of omalizumab for the management of severe asthma (2016)

Despite the expansion of the understanding in asthma pathophysiology and the continual advances in disease management, a small subgroup of patients remain partially controlled or refractory to standard treatments. Upon the identification of immunoglobulin E and other inflammatory mediators, investigations and developments of targeted agents have thrived. Omalizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that specifically targets the circulating immunoglobulin E, which in turn impedes and reduces subsequent releases of the proinflammatory mediators. In the past decade, omalizumab has been proven to be efficacious and well-tolerated in the treatment of moderate-to-severe asthma in both trials and real-life studies, most notably in reducing exacerbation rates and corticosteroid use. While growing evidence has demonstrated that omalizumab may be potentially beneficial in treating other allergic diseases, its indication remains confined to treating severe allergic asthma and chronic idiopathic urticaria. Future efforts may be focused on determining the optimal length of omalizumab treatment, seeking biomarkers that could better predict treatment response, as well as extending its indications.
Mobile Friendly and Highly Efficient Remote User Authenticated Key Agreement Protocol Featuring Untraceability (2012)

Authentication and key agreement protocols are the essential guardians of the distributed applications. They help the servers and users establish mutual trust and create secure communication channels. In this paper, we propose an authentication and key agreement scheme that is secure and has low communication and computation costs. Besides its efficiency, the most significant feature of the scheme is to provide initiator untraceability which completely conceals the users' identities from all eavesdropping adversaries. The scheme is suitable to be used in mobile services and e-commerce applications due to its low costs on communication and computation as well as its untraceability feature.
Migratory and Antigen Presentation Functions of IFN-Producing Killer Dendritic Cells (2009)

The CD11c(int) B220(+) NK1.1(+) CD49(+) subset of cells has recently been described as IFN-producing killer dendritic cells (IKDC), which share phenotypic and functional properties with both dendritic cells and natural killer cells. We have previously shown that IKDCs within murine bone marrow-derived DC preparations are essential for the antitumor activity of unpulsed DCs. Here we show that bone marrow-derived IKDCs (BM-IKDC) migrate in vivo into tumors and thence to tumor draining lymph nodes, where they highly express MHC class II and costimulatory molecules. In vitro, freshly isolated BM-IKDCs, fluorescence-activated cell sorted to homogeneity, have no intrinsic antigen presentation function unless cocultured with tumor target cells. On killing of target cells, they can cross-present antigens to stimulate antigen-primed CD8 T cells and can also present antigens to antigen-primed CD4 cells. In vivo, in mice lacking class I-restricted antigen-presenting cell function, robust proliferation of antigen-specific T cells is achieved after adoptive transfer of BM-IKDCs at an injection site distant to the tumor site. Therefore, BM-IKDCs are capable of cytotoxic killing of tumor targets and also of potent antigen presentation after encountering antigen in the context of a viable target cell.
A study of CMOS technologies for image sensor applications (2001)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2001.
Demonstration of additivity failure in human circadian phototransduction. (2005)

This direct test of subadditivity, together with evidence from neuroanatomy, supports the inference that spectral opponency is a fundamental characteristic of human circadian phototransduction.
Three large LCD cockpit concept for retrofit applications (2005)

Nowadays glass cockpits for commercial aircraft usually feature six display units. When one or two units are lost due to failures, continued safe flight is guaranteed using the remaining units. A cockpit concept is proposed with only three display units, and at least the same safety level. This three large LCD cockpit can reduce costs for the airlines, while at the same time it provides built-in growth potential for emerging functions. Innovative display technology based upon the "fail safe concept" and a reconfigurable interface between pilots and the avionics system allow these seemingly incompatible goals. The paper describes an example application of the new cockpit concept for retrofit applications in airbus single aisle aircraft. The system architecture is explained, both on the cockpit level and on the level of the individual display units. Handling of detected and undetected display unit failures was the key issue in the human-machine interface development. The display reconfiguration principles are presented and the integration of backup displays and new functions is explained. Both the reconfigurations and the new functions benefit from the availability of cursor-control devices.
The multi-stable behaviour of SOI-NMOS transistors at low temperatures (2003)

Summary form only given. The operation of NMOS transistors made in laser-recrystallized SOI material has been investigated at both 77 K and 4 K. The back-gate voltage (and its history) turns out to have an important influence on the characteristics. It is found that by applying adequate pulses at the back gates, a variety of stable operating states, which are reflected in a variety of threshold voltages, can be established. This multistable behavior of SOI-NMOS transistors at low temperatures is illustrated for a bistable case at 77 K. By applying different back-gate conditions it is possible to obtain different high-threshold states. Stress measurements confirm the stability of the various states. A very similar behavior is also found for transistors operating at 4 K.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Metabolic multistability and hysteresis in a model aerobe-anaerobe microbiome community (2020)

Major changes in the microbiome are associated with health and disease. Some microbiome states persist despite seemingly unfavorable conditions, such as the proliferation of aerobe-anaerobe communities in oxygen-exposed environments in wound infections or small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Mechanisms underlying transitions into and persistence of these states remain unclear. Using two microbial taxa relevant to the human microbiome, we combine genome-scale mathematical modeling, bioreactor experiments, transcriptomics, and dynamical systems theory to show that multistability and hysteresis (MSH) is a mechanism describing the shift from an aerobe-dominated state to a resilient, paradoxically persistent aerobe-anaerobe state. We examine the impact of changing oxygen and nutrient regimes and identify changes in metabolism and gene expression that lead to MSH and associated multi-stable states. In such systems, conceptual causation-correlation connections break and MSH must be used for analysis. Using MSH to analyze microbiome dynamics will improve our conceptual understanding of stability of microbiome states and transitions between states.
Physical Therapy Education: The Past (1974)

Journal Article Physical Therapy Education: The Past Get access Ruby Decker, B.S. Ruby Decker, B.S. 1Miss Decker is former Director, School of Physical Therapy, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX. Miss Decker’s address is 106 Marlin, Galveston, TX 77550. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Physical Therapy, Volume 54, Issue 1, January 1974, Pages 27–31, https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/54.1.27 Published: 01 January 1974
Flex Cracking of Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors Assembled With Pb-Free and Tin–Lead Solders (2008)

In this paper, an experimental study was conducted to study susceptibility to flex cracking of multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs), in which a comparison was made between identical samples which were assembled using either Pb-free (Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu) or eutectic tin-lead (Sn37Pb) solder. Flex testing was performed on MLCCs with different sizes (1812 and 0805) and on different dielectric materials (C0G and X7R) obtained from three different manufacturers. Experimental results showed that MLCCs mounted on printed circuit boards (PCBs) with Pb-free solder crack less with board flexing than those mounted on boards with eutectic tin-lead solder. For 1812-size MLCCs assembled with tin-lead solder, the PCB strain at 10% failure ranged between 1700 and 2000 microstrains. The PCB strain at 10% failure for 1812-size MLCCs assembled with Pb-free solder varied between 2300 and 9600 microstrains, depending on the MLCC manufacturer. C0G MLCCs are more resistant to flex cracking than X7R MLCCs. Out of 96 samples tested, none of the C0G MLCCs showed evidence of flex cracking up to the maximum strain level on board of about 137 000 microstrains. In contrast, in the case of X7R MLCCs, from the same manufacturer, assembled with tin-lead solder, 94 out of 96 capacitors failed.
[Chemosensitivity of human head and neck tumors detected by human tumor clonogenic assay]. (1989)

Chemosensitivity of human head and neck tumor was evaluated by human tumor clonogenic assay. Among eight of head and neck tumors seven squamous cell carcinomas such as tongue, gingiva, maxillary sinus, pharynx and one malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of maxillary sinus and four anti-cancer agents BLM, CDDP, 5-FU and MMC were used. Five of eight tumors were succeeded to evaluate the sensitivity. Positive rates except MFH were BLM 100% (3/3), CDDP 25% (1/4), 5-FU 33% (1/3). These results are similar to recent clinical experiments except CDDP.
Screening for GPR101 defects in pediatric pituitary corticotropinomas (2016)

Cushing disease (CD) in children is caused by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary adenomas. Germline or somatic mutations in genes such as MEN1, CDKIs, AIP, and USP8 have been identified in pediatric CD, but the genetic defects in a significant percentage of cases are still unknown. We investigated the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR101, a gene known to be involved in somatotropinomas, for its possible involvement in corticotropinomas. We performed GPR101 sequencing, expression analyses by RT-qPCR and immunostaining, and functional studies (cell proliferation, pituitary hormones secretion, and cAMP measurement) in a series of patients with sporadic CD secondary to ACTH-secreting adenomas in whom we had peripheral and tumor DNA (N=36). No increased GPR101 expression was observed in tumors compared to normal pituitary (NP) tissues, nor did we find a correlation between GPR101 and ACTH expression levels. Sequence analysis revealed a very rare germline heterozygous GPR101 variant (p.G31S) in one patient with CD. Overexpression of the p.G31S variant did not lead to increased growth and proliferation, although modest effects on cAMP signaling were seen. GPR101 is not overexpressed in ACTH-secreting tumors compared to NPs. A rare germline GPR101 variant was found in one patient with CD but in vitro studies did not support a consistent pathogenic effect. GPR101 is unlikely to be involved in the pathogenesis of CD.
Microscale Organic Laboratory: With Multistep and Multiscale Syntheses (2010)

Safety Introduction to Microscale Organic Laboratory Equipment and Techniques Determination of Physical Properties Development of Microscale Techniques Microscale Organic Laboratory Experiments Advanced Microscale Organic Laboratory Experiments Sequential Syntheses: The Transition from Macro to Micro Spectroscopic Identification of Organic Compounds Qualitative Identification of Organic Compounds Appendices Glossary Index.
Residue 19 of the Parathyroid Hormone:  Structural Consequences (2002)

Residue 19 of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) has been shown to play an important role in both binding to and activation of the PTH receptor; specifically, Arg(19)-containing analogues have improved biological function over similar Glu(19) peptides [Shimizu et al. (2002) Biochemistry 41, 13224-13233]. Additionally the juxtamembrane portion of the receptor is involved in the different biological responses. Here, we determine the conformational preferences of PTH analogues to provide a structural basis for their biological actions. On the basis of circular dichroism results, the Arg(19) --> Glu(19) mutations within the context of both PTH(1-20) and PTH(1-34) analogues lead to increases in helix content, ranging from a 8-15% increase. High-resolution structures as determined by (1)H NMR and NOE-restrained molecular dynamics simulations clearly illustrate the difference between Arg(19) and Glu(19)-PTH(1-20), particularly with the extent and stability of the C-terminal helix. The Arg(19)-containing analogue has a well defined, stable alpha-helix from Ser(4)-Arg(19), while the Glu(19) analogue is less ordered at the C-terminus. On the basis of these observations, we propose that position 19 of PTH(1-20) must be alpha-helical for optimal interaction with the juxtamembrane portion of the receptor. This mode of binding extends the current view of PTH binding (indeed ligand binding for all class B GPCRs), which invokes a bihelical ligand with the C-terminus of the ligand interacting with the N-terminus of the receptor (responsible for binding) and the N-terminus of the ligand interacting with the seven-helical bundle (leading to receptor activation).
Semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks composed of biocompatible phospholipid polymer and segmented polyurethane (2000)

2-Methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymers, which have excellent biocompatibility, have been receiving increasing attention in biomedical and bioengineering fields; however, the mechanical strength of the hydrated MPC polymers is not sufficient for use in these fields as a bulk material. Therefore, we hypothesized that a novel material might be realized by reinforcing the MPC polymer network with segmented polyurethane (SPU). Semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) composed of crosslinked MPC polymer and SPU were prepared. The mechanical properties of the IPN membrane were significantly improved compared with those of the MPC polymer membrane. Three-dimensional polymer networks of the MPC polymer in the IPNs were observed after solvent extraction of SPU. An X-ray photoelectron spectrum analysis revealed that the MPC units were exposed on the IPN surface. When the IPN was alternately soaked in water and ethanol, the swelling ratio was found to be completely reversible and no disintegration of the network structure was observed. The permeation coefficient of 1,4-di(2-hydroxyethoxy)benzene through the IPN membrane was 1.11 × 10−7 cm−2s−1. The amount of adsorbed protein and the number of adherent platelets on the IPN membrane were effectively reduced compared with those on SPU. We concluded that IPNs composed of the MPC polymer and SPU are a new bulk biomaterial, which possesses both blood compatibility and good mechanical properties. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 52, 701–708, 2000.
An integrated stereo-based approach to automatic vehicle guidance (1995)

We propose a new approach for vision based longitudinal and lateral vehicle control. The novel feature of this approach is the use of binocular vision. We integrate two modules consisting of a new, domain-specific, efficient binocular stereo algorithm, and a lane marker detection algorithm, and show that the integration results in a improved performance for each of the modules. Longitudinal control is supported by detecting and measuring the distances to leading vehicles using binocular stereo. The knowledge of the camera geometry with respect to the locally planar road is used to map the images of the road plane in the two camera views into alignment. This allows us to separate image features into those lying in the road plane, e.g. lane markers, and those due to other objects which are dynamically integrated into an obstacle map. Therefore, in contrast with the previous work, we can cope with the difficulties arising from occlusion of lane markers by other vehicles. The detection and...
Determination of ferulic acid in Honghuadanggui mixture by HPLC (2004)

Aim To establish a HPLC method for determination of ferulic acid in Honghuadanggui mixture and control the quality of this perparation.Methods The colum was C 18 ,the mobile phase was methanol -5% acetic acid (4∶1), The flow rate was 0.8ml/min.The detection wavelength was at 320nm.Results There was a good linear relationship between ferulic acid and absorption area value in range of ferulic acid 6.5～32.0μg·ml -1 (r=0.999 8).The average recovery was 97.15% with RSD=0.87% (n=5).The intra-day and inter-day RSD were less than 1%.Conclusion This method is simple,sensitive,accurate,rapid,repeatable and could be used for quality control of the preparation.
Light Management With Grating Structures in Optoelectronic Devices (2021)

Ordered and patterned micro/nanostructure arrays have emerged as powerful platforms for optoelectronic devices due to their unique ordered-dependent optical properties. Among various structures, grating structure is widely applied because of its simple fabrication process, easy adjusting of size and morph, and efficient light trapping. Herein, we summarized recent developments of light management with grating structures in optoelectronic devices. Typical mechanisms about the grating structures in optoelectronic devices have been reviewed. Moreover, the applications of grating structures in various optoelectronic devices have been presented. Meanwhile, the remaining bottlenecks and perspectives for future development have been discussed.
Energy-efficient design of real-time stream mining systems (2013)

In this paper, we propose an efficient solution for supporting real-time stream mining applications on heterogeneous systems operating at various processing speeds. Unlike the existing solutions that (1) rely on accurate knowledge or prediction of the service demand of each individual service request and (2) only consider a single type of delay constraint (e.g., typically, average or maximum delay), we propose an optimal algorithm, MinEnergy-MD, which determines the processing speeds for all classifiers based on the probability distribution of the service demand to minimize the average energy consumption while simultaneously satisfying multiple delay constraints. We conduct an extensive study to quantify the performance of MinEnergy-MD.
Grouping and segmentation in a hierarchy of graphs (2004)

We review multilevel hierarchies under the special aspect of their potential for segmentation and grouping. The one-to-one correspondence between salient image features and salient model features are a limiting assumption that makes prototypical or generic object recognition impossible. The region's internal properties (color, texture, shape, ...) help to identify them and their external relations (adjacency, inclusion, similarity of properties) are used to build groups of regions having a particular consistent meaning in a more abstract context. Low-level cue image segmentation in a bottom-up way, cannot and should not produce a complete final "good" segmentation. We present a hierarchical partitioning of images using a pairwise similarity function on a graph-based representation of an image. This function measures the difference along the boundary of two components relative to a measure of differences of the components' internal differences. Two components are merged if there is a low-cost connection between them. We use this idea to find region borders quickly and effortlessly in a bottom-up way, based on local differences in a specific feature. The aim of this paper is to build a minimum weight spanning tree (MST) in order to find region borders quickly in a bottom-up 'stimulus-driven' way based on local differences in a specific feature.