gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physically Cross-linked Polymer Binder Induced by Reversible Acid–Base Interaction for High-Performance Silicon Composite Anodes (2015)

Silicon is greatly promising for high-capacity anode materials in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their exceptionally high theoretical capacity. However, it has a big challenge of severe volume changes during charge and discharge, resulting in substantial deterioration of the electrode and restricting its practical application. This conflict requires a novel binder system enabling reliable cyclability to hold silicon particles without severe disintegration of the electrode. Here, a physically cross-linked polymer binder induced by reversible acid-base interaction is reported for high performance silicon-anodes. Chemical cross-linking of polymer binders, mainly based on acidic polymers including poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), have been suggested as effective ways to accommodate the volume expansion of Si-based electrodes. Unlike the common chemical cross-linking, which causes a gradual and nonreversible fracturing of the cross-linked network, a physically cross-linked binder based on PAA-PBI (poly(benzimidazole)) efficiently holds the Si particles even after the large volume changes due to its ability to reversibly reconstruct ionic bonds. The PBI-containing binder, PAA-PBI-2, exhibited large capacity (1376.7 mAh g(-1)), high Coulombic efficiency (99.1%) and excellent cyclability (751.0 mAh g(-1) after 100 cycles). This simple yet efficient method is promising to solve the failures relating with pulverization and isolation from the severe volume changes of the Si electrode, and advance the realization of high-capacity LIBs.
Total phenol, flavonoid, proanthocyanidin and vitamin C levels and antioxidant activities of Mauritian vegetables (2004)

Abstract Ten Mauritian vegetables, broccoli, cauliflower, white cabbage, lettuce, Chinese cabbage, mugwort, carrot, onion, tomato and chilli pepper, were analysed for their total phenol, flavonoid, proanthocyanidin and vitamin C contents and antioxidant capacity. Antioxidant activities of the vegetables ranged from 0.43 to 3.68 µmol g −1 fresh weight Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and from 0.60 to 8.47 µmol g −1 fresh weight ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Levels of total phenols in the vegetables varied between 132 and 1189 µg g −1 fresh weight and those of total flavonoids between 45 and 944 µg g −1 fresh weight, while proanthocyanidins were detected at very low levels in only a few vegetables. Vitamin C contents varied between 25 and 748 µg g −1 fresh weight. Quercetin was the dominant flavonoid aglycone in the hydrolysed vegetable extracts, with values in the range of 15–390 µg g −1 fresh weight. There were strong correlations between antioxidant capacity and total phenols (TEAC, r = 0.91; FRAP, r = 0.83) and total flavonoids (TEAC, r = 0.89; FRAP, r = 0.82). Vitamin C contents showed poor correlation with TEAC values ( r = 0.33), while no correlation was observed with FRAP values. Highest antioxidant capacities were observed in Chinese cabbage ( Brassica chinensis L), onion ( Allium cepa L), mugwort ( Artemisia vulgaris Cantley) and broccoli ( Brassica oleracea L var botrytis L subvar cymosa ). Mauritian vegetables therefore represent a significant source of phenolic antioxidants, with quercetin derivatives being most abundant, and this may contribute to their potential health benefits. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Identification of Vascular Surface Proteins by<i>in</i><i>Vivo</i>Biotinylation:  A Method Sufficiently Sensitive To Detect Changes in Rat Liver 2 Weeks after Partial Hepatectomy (2007)

We have developed a methodology to selectively isolate and identify proteins associated with the luminal surface of blood vessels using in vivo biotinylation, streptavidin-affinity chromatography, and SDS-PAGE/LC-MS/MS. This had sufficient sensitivity to identify 32 proteins with changed expression in rat livers at 2 weeks or 5 weeks after partial hepatectomy, well after the 7 day tissue remodeling period. This method could be adapted to study other angiogenic tissues including tumors.
BODIPY-based probes for the fluorescence imaging of biomolecules in living cells (2015)

Fluorescence imaging techniques have been widely used to visualize biological molecules and phenomena. In particular, several studies on the development of small-molecule fluorescent probes have been carried out, because their fluorescence properties can be easily tuned by synthetic chemical modification. For this reason, various fluorescent probes have been developed for targeting biological components, such as proteins, peptides, amino acids, and ions, to the interior and exterior of cells. In this review, we cover advances in the development of 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY)-based fluorescent probes for biological studies over the past decade.
Spectroscopic measurement of leaf water status (2002)

A leaf drying experiment was carried out in the laboratory in which simultaneous spectral reflectance in the 350-2450 nm region, and leaf weights, were measured at 10 second intervals over a 40 minute period. As the leaf water weight dropped from approximately 60 to 38%, a nearly-linear rise in reflectance at all wavelengths beyond 1000 nm was observed. A principal components analysis of the time series of spectra in the 2000-2500 nm wavelength region showed that over 99% of the variance in the spectra, that were individually scaled to have a sum equal to that of the mean spectrum and subsequently mean corrected was in the first component. This result shows that it is feasible to determine leaf water content remotely with an imaging spectrometer independent of the surface irradiance effects caused by topography.
Application of Kernel Density Estimation in Lamb Wave‐Based Damage Detection (2012)

The present work concerns the estimation of the probability density function (p.d.f.) of measured data in the Lamb wave‐based damage detection. Although there was a number of research work which focused on the consensus algorithm of combining all the results of individual sensors, the p.d.f. of measured data, which was the fundamental part of the probability‐based method, was still given by experience in existing work. Based on the analysis about the noise‐induced errors in measured data, it was learned that the type of distribution was related with the level of noise. In the case of weak noise, the p.d.f. of measured data could be considered as the normal distribution. The empirical methods could give satisfied estimating results. However, in the case of strong noise, the p.d.f. was complex and did not belong to any type of common distribution function. Nonparametric methods, therefore, were needed. As the most popular nonparametric method, kernel density estimation was introduced. In order to demonstrate the performance of the kernel density estimation methods, a numerical model was built to generate the signals of Lamb waves. Three levels of white Gaussian noise were intentionally added into the simulated signals. The estimation results showed that the nonparametric methods outperformed the empirical methods in terms of accuracy.
Mechanism of Charging and Supercharging Molecules in Electrospray Ionization (2003)

The origin of the extent of charging and the mechanism by which multiply charged ions are formed in electrospray ionization have been hotly debated for over a decade. Many factors can affect the number of charges on an analyte ion. Here, we investigate the extent of charging of poly(propyleneimine) dendrimers (generations 3.0 and 5.0), cytochrome c, poly(ethylene glycol)s, and 1,n-diaminoalkanes formed from solutions of different composition. We demonstrate that in the absence of other factors, the surface tension of the electrospray droplet late in the desolvation process is a significant factor in determining the overall analyte charge. For poly(ethylene glycol)s, 1,n-diaminoalkanes, and poly(propyleneimine) dendrimers electrosprayed from single-component solutions, there is a clear relationship between the analyte charge and the solvent surface tension. Addition of m-nitrobenzyl alcohol (m-NBA) into electrospray solutions increases the charging when the original solution has a lower surface tension than m-NBA, but the degree of charging decreases when this compound is added to water, which has a higher surface tension. Similarly, the charging of cytochrome c ions formed from acidified denaturing solutions generally increases with increasing surface tension of the least volatile solvent. For the dendrimers investigated, there is a strong correlation between the average charge state of the dendrimer and the Rayleigh limiting charge calculated for a droplet of the same size as the analyte molecule and with the surface tension of the electrospray solvent. A bimodal charge distribution is observed for larger dendrimers formed from water/m-NBA solutions, suggesting the presence of more than one conformation in solution. A similar correlation is found between the extent of charging for 1,n-diaminoalkanes and the calculated Rayleigh limiting charge. These results provide strong evidence that multiply charged organic ions are formed by the charged residue mechanism. A significantly smaller extent of charging for both dendrimers and 1,n-diaminoalkanes would be expected if the ion evaporation mechanism played a significant role.
Specific overexpression of IL-7 in the intestinal mucosa: the role in intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte development (2008)

IL-7 plays a crucial role in controlling T cell development and homeostasis. Since IL-7 may be derived from extraintestinal sources, and exogenous IL-7 broadly affects lymphoid populations, the actions of epithelial cell (EC)-derived IL-7 are not fully understood. The effect of intestinal specific expression of IL-7 on intestinal mucosal lymphocytes was investigated by using an IL-7 transgenic mouse model. We generated an intestinal EC-specific overexpressing IL-7 transgenic mouse model (IL-7(vill)) and compared their phenotype and function to wild-type C57BL/6J mice. EC-derived IL-7 overexpression was found to be exclusively in the small and large intestine. Numbers and subtypes of mucosal lymphocytes, including intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) and lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL), significantly changed in IL-7(vill) mice. From a functional standpoint, IEL proliferation also significantly increased in IL-7(vill) mice. IEL cytokine expression significantly changed in both T cell receptor (TCR)-alphabeta(+) and TCR-gammadelta(+) IEL subpopulations, including a significant increase in IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha as well as an increase in keratinocyte growth factor expression. EC expression of CD103 (integrin alpha(E)beta(7)), the ligand of E-cadherin, markedly upregulated and may account for a mechanism of the massive expansion of IEL in transgenic mice. Systemic lymphoid populations did not change in transgenic mice. IL-7 overexpression by intestinal EC significantly affected IEL phenotype and function. These results offer insight into the role of IL-7 in IEL development and suggest a critical role of EC-derived expression of IL-7 in the phenotype and function of IEL.
Gluonic content of the Pomeron (1999)

It is shown that the Pomeron could be regarded as a Reggeized Tensor Glueball with a trajectory of alpha(P)(t) = 1.08 + 0.2GeV(-2)t. Under this theory, the total cross section measured for pp elastic scattering at high energies is reproduced successfully. The best fits to experimental data lead to a Gamma(xi-->p (p) over bar) = 9 +/- 3MeV and Gamma(xi) > 50MeV, and J = 4 for spin of the tensor glueball m(xi)(2230) is precluded.
Binary Function Clustering Using Semantic Hashes (2012)

The ability to identify semantically-related functions, in large collections of binary executables, is important for malware detection. Intuitively, two pieces of code are similar if they have the same effect on a machine's state. Current state-of-the-art tools employ a variety of pair wise comparisons (e.g., template matching using SMT solvers, Value-Set analysis at critical program points, API call matching, etc.) However, these methods are unshakable for clustering large datasets, of size N, since they require O(N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) comparisons. In this paper, we present an alternative approach based upon "hashing". We propose a scheme that captures the semantics of functions as semantic hashes. Our approach treats a function as a set of features, each of which represent the input-output behavior of a basic block. Using a form of locality-sensitive hashing known as Min Hashing, functions with many common features can be quickly identified, and the complexity of clustering is reduced to O(N). Experiments on functions extracted from the CERT malware catalog indicate that we are able to cluster closely related code with a low false positive rate.
Incident angle dependence of recording characteristics of vacuum deposited Co-Cr films (1990)

The authors report on an investigation of the relation between the incidence angle of evaporated atoms onto a substrate and the magnetic properties, microstructure, and recording characteristics of Co-Cr films. The Co-Cr films deposited at an oblique incidence angle have an easy axis of magnetization which tilts from the film normal and consist of columnar grains which tilt from the film normal. For films deposited at an incidence angle from 55 degrees to 20 degrees , the isolated pulse waveform is not a double pulse, but a single-peak-like pulse with narrow pulse width. An eye pattern for moving-picture digital recording was clearly observed using the Co-Cr tapes. The compensation amplitude in the short wavelength region was very small, and equalization such as a Hilbert transform was unnecessary for films deposited at an incidence angle from 55 degrees to 20 degrees .< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nuclear receptor TLX stimulates hippocampal neurogenesis and enhances learning and memory in a transgenic mouse model (2014)

The role of the nuclear receptor TLX in hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition has just begun to be explored. In this study, we generated a transgenic mouse model that expresses TLX under the control of the promoter of nestin, a neural precursor marker. Transgenic TLX expression led to mice with enlarged brains with an elongated hippocampal dentate gyrus and increased numbers of newborn neurons. Specific expression of TLX in adult hippocampal dentate gyrus via lentiviral transduction increased the numbers of BrdU(+) cells and BrdU(+)NeuN(+) neurons. Furthermore, the neural precursor-specific expression of the TLX transgene substantially rescued the neurogenic defects of TLX-null mice. Consistent with increased neurogenesis in the hippocampus, the TLX transgenic mice exhibited enhanced cognition with increased learning and memory. These results suggest a strong association between hippocampal neurogenesis and cognition, as well as significant contributions of TLX to hippocampal neurogenesis, learning, and memory.
Antiangiogenic agents in the treatment of recurrent or newly diagnosed glioblastoma: Analysis of single-agent and combined modality approaches (2011)

Surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and temozolomide in newly diagnosed glioblastoma can prolong survival, but it is not curative. For patients with disease progression after frontline therapy, there is no standard of care, although further surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy may be used. Antiangiogenic therapies may be appropriate for treating glioblastomas because angiogenesis is critical to tumor growth. In a large, noncomparative phase II trial, bevacizumab was evaluated alone and with irinotecan in patients with recurrent glioblastoma; combination treatment was associated with an estimated 6-month progression-free survival (PFS) rate of 50.3%, a median overall survival of 8.9 months, and a response rate of 37.8%. Single-agent bevacizumab also exceeded the predetermined threshold of activity for salvage chemotherapy (6-month PFS rate, 15%), achieving a 6-month PFS rate of 42.6% (p < 0.0001). On the basis of these results and those from another phase II trial, the US Food and Drug Administration granted accelerated approval of single-agent bevacizumab for the treatment of glioblastoma that has progressed following prior therapy. Potential antiangiogenic agents-such as cilengitide and XL184-also show evidence of single-agent activity in recurrent glioblastoma. Moreover, the use of antiangiogenic agents with radiation at disease progression may improve the therapeutic ratio of single-modality approaches. Overall, these agents appear to be well tolerated, with adverse event profiles similar to those reported in studies of other solid tumors. Further research is needed to determine the role of antiangiogenic therapy in frontline treatment and to identify the optimal schedule and partnering agents for use in combination therapy.
Iron, Lipids, and Risk of Cancer in the Framingham Offspring Cohort (2005)

Iron and lipids combine to create oxidative stress, and oxidative stress has a role in the development of cancer. The objective was to determine the risk of cancer among persons who had both elevated iron and lipids. The authors conducted an analysis of the cohort available in the Framingham Offspring Study. Adults aged 30 or more years at baseline had serum iron and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) assessed in 1979-1982 and were followed for development of cancer until 1996-1997 (n = 3,278). Cox regression models were computed while controlling for age, gender, smoking status, and body mass index. In adjusted models, both elevated iron (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11, 2.46; 29 cases) and VLDL-C (HR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.28; 93 cases) had significant independent risks for development of cancer. When elevated iron was combined with elevated VLDL-C, the adjusted relative risk of cancer increased (HR = 2.68, 95% CI: 1.49, 4.83; 18 cases). Elevated iron and low HDL-C also had a significant adjusted relative risk of cancer (HR = 2.82, 95% CI: 1.50, 5.28; 14 cases). The results suggest that elevated serum iron levels coupled with either high VLDL-C or low HDL-C appear to interact to increase cancer risk in this cohort.
A standard signalling protocol for Band III trunked systems (1987)

The derivation of a standard protocol, MPT 1327, for Band III trunked systems from an earlier code of practice, MPT 1317, is described. The protocol features include well-known forms of trunked system control, fast interaction on the 1200 bit/s FFSK control channels, numbering capacity for up to 1 000 000 identities on each of 32 000 systems on 1 000 channels, many different classes of call, roaming capabilities, etc. The protocol is suitable for all systems from the smallest single site ones to a system offering nationwide coverage. Although written for Band III the protocol could be applied on other bands or could use other forms of data modulation.
Psychotherapie in China (2011)

In PiD 2004 (Heft 4, S. 407) hatten wir in der Rubrik „Im Dialog” über ein bemerkenswertes Projekt zur Psychotherapieausbildung in China berichtet (Haaß-Wiesegart u. Schweitzer 2004), das wesentlich dazu beigetragen hat, dass sich die Psychotherapie inhaltlich wie strukturell in China sehr weitgehend etablieren konnte. Heute ist die Psychotherapie offiziell als wissenschaftliche medizinische Disziplin anerkannt und wird offiziell gefördert. Im Dezember 2008 war sogar eine hochrangige Delegation des chinesischen Gesundheitsministeriums in Deutschland, um das hiesige System der psychotherapeutischen Ausbildung und der psychotherapeutischen Versorgung kennenzulernen (s. Foto). Die Psychotherapie ist eine zunehmend wichtige Hilfe bei den enormen sozioökonomischen und soziokulturellen Veränderungen, wie sie die chinesische Gesellschaft gegenwärtig erfährt.
Dynamic load balancing for parallel polygon rendering (1994)

Using parallel processing for visualization speeds up computer graphics rendering of complex data sets. A parallel algorithm designed for polygon scan conversion and rendering is presented which supports fast rendering of highly complex data sets using advanced lighting models. Dedicated graphics rendering engines do not necessarily suit such data sets, although they can support real-time update of moderately complex scenes using simple lighting. Advantages to using a software-based approach include the feasibility of adding special rendering features to the program and the capability of integrating a parallel scientific application with a parallel graphics renderer. A new work decomposition strategy presented, called task adaptive, is based on dynamically partitioning the amount of computational work left at a given time. The algorithm uses a heuristic for dynamic task decomposition in which image space tasks are partitioned without requiring interruption of the partitioned processor. A sophisticated memory referencing strategy lets local memory access graphics data during rendering. This permits implementation of the algorithm on a distributed memory multiprocessor. An in-depth analysis of the overhead costs accompanying parallel processing shows where performance is adequate or could be improved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Temperature Effects on Microorganisms (1967)

Human coronavirus (HCoV) infection causes respiratory diseases with mild to severe outcomes. In the last 15 years, we have witnessed the emergence of two zoonotic, highly pathogenic HCoVs: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and ...Read More