gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel anti-cancer functions of IP6: growth inhibition and differentiation of human mammary cancer cell lines in vitro. (1997)

Inositol hexaphosphate (InsP6 or IP6) is an active ingredient of high fiber diet that has anti-cancer action in both in vitro and in vivo models. Recently we have demonstrated that InsP6 significantly inhibits DMBA-induced rat mammary cancer in vivo. To test the hypothesis that InsP6 mediates its function via inhibition of cell proliferation irrespective of hormonal dependence, its effect on growth inhibition and differentiation were studied in two human mammary carcinoma cell lines with different estrogen receptor status. Cell growth was measured by MTT incorporation assay, DNA synthesis by 3H-Tdr uptake and differentiation marker lactalbumin by immunocytochemistry. Dose-dependent growth inhibition was observed in both estrogen receptor-positive (MCF-7) and receptor-negative cells (MDA-MB-231). Statistically significant growth inhibition (p < 0.05) was observed starting at 1 mM InsP6 as early as after the first day of treatment and continued up to 6 days for both the cell lines. DNA synthesis in both the cell lines was suppressed by InsP6 occurring as early as 3 h after the beginning of treatment and continued up to 48 h; significant inhibition (p < 0.05) started at 1 mM InsP6 after 6 h of treatment. Compared to untreated cells, a 5-fold (p < 0.05) and 22-fold (p < 0.01) increase in expression of lactalbumin, associated with luminal cell differentiation was identified by immunocytochemistry after 48 h of treatment with 1 and 5 mM InsP6. Our data show that the inhibition of DNA synthesis and cell growth and induction of differentiation of human mammary cancer cell lines by InsP6 is independent of the estrogen receptor status of the cells. Taken together with results from in vivo studies, InsP6 may be an important candidate for the prevention and treatment of human breast cancer.
A new protection scheme for three-level NPC converter based DFIG using zero state control (2013)

This paper describes a new protection scheme for secure ride-through of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind turbines (WTs) connected to a grid through a back-to-back three-level neutral point clamped (NPC) converter. The proposed scheme initiates the machine side converter (MSC) to be at zero state switching, where upper and lower switching devices are turned-off while inner switching devices are turned-on when overshoot occurs in rotor circuit during grid faults. This scheme is only applicable in multilevel converter and not in two-level converter. The scheme is compared to other recent protection scheme with dc-link chopper and the characteristic behavior of the DFIG is demonstrated using simulation results. The new scheme showed a very similar behavior with the conventional scheme and can be more preferable due to its simplicity and less component count. However, the need for the inner switching devices with about two times higher current rating will significantly increase the cost of the MSC and has to be considered.
Phase III Study of Enzastaurin Compared With Lomustine in the Treatment of Recurrent Intracranial Glioblastoma (2010)

Enzastaurin was well tolerated and had a better hematologic toxicity profile but did not have superior efficacy compared with lomustine in patients with recurrent glioblastoma.
H-D Exchange Reaction Taking Advantage of the Synergistic Effect of Heterogeneous Palladium and Platinum Mixed Catalyst (2008)

An effective and applicable deuteration method for alkyl-substituted aromatic compounds using a heterogeneous Pd/C and Pt/C mixed catalyst in deuterium oxide in the presence of a small amount of hydrogen gas was developed. Mixing a heterogeneous palladium and platinum catalyst provides an interesting synergistic effect in the H-D exchange reaction and leads to full H-D exchange results even on sterically hindered sites, which indicated only low-deuterium efficiencies when either Pd/C or Pt/C were used independently as a catalyst. We investigated the synergistic effect using a variety of substrates and proved the broad generality of the heterogeneous Pd-Pt-D2O-H2 system in the H-D exchange reaction. Furthermore, this system could be applied to a multigram scale synthesis of useful deuterium-labeled compounds, such as deuterium-labeled bis-aniline derivatives as raw materials for polyimides, aryl iodides as synthetic building blocks, and biologically active compounds.
Development of Elongated Particle Magnets (1961)

The development of permanent magnet materials is briefly reviewed. The present status of fine particle magnets is discussed from the viewpoint of our present understanding and lack of understanding of their behavior. The present methods of preparation and the various theoretical descriptions of the properties of elongated particles are reviewed. New work is presented relating the parameters of preparation to the resulting diameter of the elongated particles prepared by electrolysis into mercury. Rotational hysteresis,coercive force, and coercive force as a function of orientation are reported for particle diameters from 130 A to 305 A. Their behavior is compared to various theoretical descriptions and found to correspond to a noncoherent magnetization reversal mechanism most similar to the chain-of-spheres fanning model rather than the curling, buckling or coherent rotation models. Iron and iron-cobalt alloy particle magnets are described with maximum energy products up to 4.3 and 6.5 million gauss-oe, respectively.
Rapid resolution of first episodes of mania: sleep related? (1994)

The possibility is raised that sleep restoration might induce a rapid antimanic response in patients experiencing their first episode of mania. The clinical implications of a rapid reversal of mania--including a reduction in number of hospital days--are discussed.
Test equipment for digital channel analysis and its application in digital mobile radio (1987)

An overview of the existing facilities of bit error measurements is given in this report. The first main paragraph describes data test sets (DMG) and error structure recording devices (SAG), giving as well an overview of other useful equipment. In the next paragraph, evaluation processes are explained in detail. They offer the possibility of a complete statistical analysis of the channel. The last paragraph shows the use of the equipment formerly described in a report on 900 MHz digital mobile radio channel measurements during all steps of the investigation.
Data structures using C and C (1990)

Introduction to data structures the stack recursion queues and lists trees sorting searching graphs and their applications storage management.
Separation and Capture of CO2 from Large Stationary Sources and Sequestration in Geological Formations: A Summary of the 2003 Critical Review (2003)

Increasing amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere, and the resulting global warming effect, is a major air quality concern. CO2 is the most abundant greenhouse gas emitted by fossil-fuel combustion for power generation, transportation, and heating. Reducing worldwide emissions of CO2 will require many mitigation measures, including reductions in energy consumption, more efficient use of available energy, renewable energy sources, and carbon sequestration. The feasibility of capturing CO2 from large point sources and subsequent geological sequestration is the subject of this year’s Critical Review.
Latest advances in substrates for flexible electronics (2007)

Abstract— Recent advances in both organic‐ and inorganic‐based electronics processed on flexible substrates offer substantial rewards in terms of being able to develop displays that are thinner, lighter, robust, and conformable, and can be rolled away when not required. In addition, plastic‐based substrates coupled with the recent developments in solution deposition and ink‐jet printing for laying down OLED materials and active‐matrix thin‐film‐transistor (TFT) arrays open up the possibility of cost‐effective processing in high volumes using roll to roll (R2R) processing. To replace glass, however, a plastic substrate needs to be able to offer some or all of the properties of glass, i.e. , clarity, dimensional stability, thermal stability, barrier, solvent resistance, and low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) coupled with a smooth surface. In addition, a conductive layer may be required. No plastic film offers all these properties so any plastic‐based substrate will almost certainly be a multilayer composite structure. This paper will discuss the issues associated with selecting plastic materials, contrast the various options, and highlight how to gain optimum performance through process control. This will be illustrated with examples of film in use in flexible electronic applications.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY ON THE EXPRESSION OF PERFORIN IN TUMOR INFILTRATING LYMPHOCYTES OF RENAL CELL CARCINOMA (1993)

Perforin is considered to be one of the important cytolytic factors found in the granules of killer cells. In this paper we attempted to demonstrate perforin in TIL (tumor infiltrating lymphocytes) of 55 human renal cell cancer cases and the perforin was proved by staining immunohistochemically with an anti-PFP monoclonal antibody. The result indicated that perforin was observed in 98% of the cases, while few positive cell was found in normal renal tissues. TILs were further characterized into their subsets including CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, NK cells and gamma/delta T cells using antibodies specific to their surface markers. The antibodies used are anti-Lew3a, anti-Lew2a, anti-Lew19 and anti-delta chain antibody. The former two subsets were predominantly found to be infiltrating in the tumor tissue, while the latter two subsets were shown to be lesser than the former. For examination of the correlation between the presence of perforin and the characteristics of infiltrated lymphocyte subsets, double-staining of the cells was performed using anti-perforin and one of anti-surface marker antibodies, respectively. The perforin was found to be expressed on the four subsets at different extent. A stronger reactivity of the perforin was found in the CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells than that in the NK cells and the gamma/delta T cells. These findings suggest that perforin may play a role of effector functions in the immunological defense mechanism against cancer. To define the significance of the expression of the perforin not only on the CD8+ T cells but also on the CD4+ T cells is required for further study.
Integrating topical peptides into aesthetic practice and skin care routines (2013)

As aesthetic nurses are responsible for offering evidence-based skin care advice to patients, it is important that they fully understand the ingredients and formulations at their disposal. This is the first of a series of articles looking at the skin care ingredients available to nurses in aesthetic practice. The approach of this series is two-fold: firstly an in-depth look at the target ingredient or cosmeceutical category, covering topics such as development and technology, mechanisms of action, side effects and variations; and, secondly, exploring vital points of patient communication that need to be relayed during consultations. Part one of this series will explore, what peptides are, how they work, what their effects are, why they are becoming increasingly common in skin care, and how they can be successfully integrated into patients’ skin care regimens.
39—SHAPE-RETENTION OF GARMENTS UNDER CONDITIONS OF CHANGING HUMIDITY (1963)

The retention of the shape of a garment is affected by the following factors: (1) differential dimensional changes in fabrics combined in the garment; (2) lack of crease-retention; (3) lack of crease-resistance; (4) surface unevenness (mussiness); (5) permanent stretch (knees, elbows). The first two factors have been investigated and the results are reported here. Factor No. 1 depends very much on a proper choice of the textile materials combined in the garment. Men's suits were treated in five humidity cycles between 90% r.h. and 35% r.h. The types of change in shape observed in the jackets were determined mainly by the shape-retention factor of the combined structure. This factor is based upon the differential dimensional changes of the structure and fabric thickness (related to “formability”). A simple method, suitable for industrial application, is suggested, whereby the relative suitability of different materials in a garment can be determined. For estimating change in shape of a garment, a series of photographs is recommended as standard grading equipment. Crease-retention in trousers, which is a specific property of the fabric and depends on the method of setting used in forming the crease, was tested in the same way by humidity cycling.
Neural Network Prediction of Carcinogenicity of Diverse Organic Compounds (2005)

広範囲の化学物質について構造活性相関により化学構造から有害性を高い精度で予測するモデルを開発することを目指して、ニューラルネットワークを用いて発ガン性のデータを解析した。Predictive Toxicology Challenge 2000-2001で公開された454種類の有機化合物についての記述子と発ガン性のデータを用いてニューラルネットワークの学習とテストを行った。分子軌道計算から求まるhomoやlumoなどの軌道エネルギー、分子表面積、log Pなど37種類の記述子について主成分分析を行い、得られた10個の主成分データをニューラルネットワークに入力した。Error-back-propagation法によりニューラルネットワークを学習する際の過学習、over-fitting、局所解などの問題を解決するために、学習回数や中間層ユニット数などの条件を最適化した。モデルの作成に用いなかった化合物を用いて判別テストを行った結果、的中率73.7 %の予測モデルを開発することができた。
Redefining the role of the teacher (1967)

(1967). Redefining the role of the teacher. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 6, Teachers We Need, pp. 246-251.
Taxonomic binning of metagenome samples generated by next-generation sequencing technologies (2012)

Metagenome research uses random shotgun sequencing of microbial community DNA to study the genetic sequences of its members without cultivation. This development has been strongly supported by improvements in sequencing technologies, which have rendered sequencing cheaper than before. As a consequence, downstream computational analysis of metagenome sequence samples is now faced with large amounts of complex data. One of the essential steps in metagenome analysis is reconstruction of draft genomes for populations of a community or of draft 'pan-genomes' for higher level clades. 'Taxonomic binning' corresponds to the process of assigning a taxonomic identifier to sequence fragments, based on information such as sequence similarity, sequence composition or read coverage. This is used for draft genome reconstruction, if sequencing coverage is insufficient for reconstruction based on assembly information alone. Subsequent functional and metabolic annotation of draft genomes allows a genome-level analysis of novel uncultured microbial species and even inference of their cultivation requirements.
PENICILLIN AMIDE (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPENICILLIN AMIDED. E. Cooper and S. B. BinkleyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 11, 3966–3967Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01191a538https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01191a538research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views126Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Immunotherapy of Breast Cancer (2015)

Cancer immunoediting is the process by which the immune system protects the host from tumor development and guides the somatic evolution of tumors by eliminating highly immunogenic tumor cells. A fundamental dogma of tumor immunology and of cancer immunosurveillance in particular is that cancer cells express antigens that differentiate them from their nontransformed counterparts. Molecular studies clearly show that these antigens were often products of mutated cellular genes, aberrantly expressed normal genes, or genes encoding viral proteins. There is a strict correlation between genetic instability and the immune landscape of a breast cancer. Mutational heterogeneity in breast cancer is associated with new cancer-associated genes and new cancer antigens. Frequencies of somatic mutations or mutational burden can be related to the immunogenicity of breast cancer. We believe that molecular subtypes of breast cancer that are triple negative, luminal B-like or HER2-positive have a high mutational burden and can be considered immunogenic. The increasing knowledge of the immune system's capacity to not only recognize and destroy cancer, but also to shape cancer immunogenicity will develop more informed attempts to control cancer via immunological approaches. To be effective in breast cancer, immunotherapies will have to increase the quality or quantity of immune effector cells, reveal additional protective tumor antigens, and/or eliminate cancer-induced immunosuppressive mechanisms. Multiple immunotherapy approaches are under investigation in patients with breast cancer. These include vaccine approaches to elicit strong specific immune responses to tumor antigens such as WT-1, HER2 and NY-ESO-1, approaches involving adoptive transfer of in vitro-expanded, naturally arising or genetically engineered tumor-specific lymphocytes, therapeutic administration of monoclonal antibodies to target and eliminate tumor cells, and approaches that inhibit or destroy the molecular or cellular mediators of cancer-induced immunosuppression, such as CTLA-4, PD-1 or Treg cells. Here we provide a concise and comprehensive review on the role and utility of promising immunotherapeutics for the treatment of patients with breast cancer.
X-ray absorption spectra and the coordination number of zinc and cobalt carbonic anhydrase as a function of pH and inhibitor binding (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTX-ray absorption spectra and the coordination number of zinc and cobalt carbonic anhydrase as a function of pH and inhibitor bindingVittal Yachandra, Linda Powers, and Thomas G. SpiroCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 22, 6596–6604Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00360a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00360a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views288Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Metal‐Enhanced 1270 nm Singlet Oxygen Phosphorescence (2008)

Giving singlet oxygen emission a boost: With the aid of specifically designed gold nanodiscs, one of nature's most improbable transitions, singlet oxygen radiative decay, can be significantly enhanced by interaction with localized surface plasmons.
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of α-Amino Phosphonates Using Enantioselective Carbon−Carbon Bond-Forming Reactions (2004)

We have developed highly enantioselelctive reactions of silicon enolates with N-acyl-alpha-iminophosphonates leading to optically active alpha-amino phophonates. A copper (II)-diamine complex was shown to be effective in this reaction, and high levels of yield and selectivity were achieved. It is noteworthy that this reaction opens a way to various biologically important, optically active alpha-amino phosphonate derivatives.
Stem cell factor receptor (c-KIT) codon 816 mutations predict development of bilateral testicular germ-cell tumors. (2003)

Testicular germ-cell tumors (TGCTs) of adolescents and adults originate from intratubular germ cell neoplasia (ITGCN), which is composed of the malignant counterparts of embryonal germ cells. ITGCN cells are characterized, among others, by the presence of stem cell factor receptor c-KIT. Once established, ITGCN will always progress to invasiveness. Approximately 2.5-5% of patients with a TGCT will develop bilateral disease and require complete castration, resulting in infertility, a need for lifelong androgen replacement, and psychological stress. To date, the only way to predict a contralateral tumor is surgical biopsy of the contralateral testis to demonstrate ITGCN. We did a retrospective study of 224 unilateral and 61 proven bilateral TGCTs (from 46 patients, in three independently collected series in Europe) for the presence of activating c-KIT codon 816 mutations. A c-KIT codon 816 mutation was found in three unilateral TGCT (1.3%), and in 57 bilateral TGCTs (93%; P < 0.0001). In the two wild-type bilateral tumors for which ITGCN was available, the preinvasive cells contained the mutation. The mutations were somatic in origin and identical in both tumors. We conclude that somatic activating codon 816 c-KIT mutations are associated with development of bilateral TGCT. Detection of c-KIT codon 816 mutations in unilateral TGCT identifies patients at risk for bilateral disease. These patients may undergo tailored treatment to prevent the development of bilateral disease, with retention of testicular hormonal function.
Inhibition of Rabies Virus Infection by an Oligodeoxynucleotide Complementary to Rabies Virus Genomic RNA (1996)

To develop antirabies virus-specific agents, eight oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) complementary to either rabies virus genomic RNA (negative polarity) or rabies virus transcripts (mRNA) were synthesized and tested for their activity to inhibit rabies virus infection in cell cultures. It was found that the ODN RH+1 complementary to rabies virus genomic RNA blocked almost completely rabies virus infection at concentrations as low as 2 microM, whereas ODN complementary to viral transcripts did poorly even at concentrations as high as 20 microM. The antigenomic ODN also has the ability to inhibit cell-to-cell spread of rabies virus, which is an indicator for protection of rabies virus infection in vivo. These results indicate that ODN complementary to rabies virus genomic RNA have strong ability to inhibit rabies virus infection in cell culture and may have the potential to be used for therapy in clinical rabies.