gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure and softening of brass during accelerated recrystallization (1980)

AbstractAbstractAs metalforming processes are intensified, heat treatment assumes a greater significance. An important role is played in this respect by methods of accelerating recrystallization, based on increasing the rate of heating to relatively high temperatures so that the whole process takes only a few seconds. Such changes in the heat-treatment parameters should influence material properties and the mechanisms of the recovery process. Based on tests on Cu-30Zn brass, the influence of the heating rate (up to 400KS−l) on static recrystallization was studied. Results arepresented in terms of the relationships between heat-treatment parameters, grain size, and mechanical properties. The influence of heating rate on the isochronal recovery state was also studied.
Scope and DimensionsThe Case of Sahelian and Sub-Saharan African Migration to Europe (2011)

This chapter explores the science associated with climate induced migration. Humans have always migrated in response to a complex array of stimuli and “forcings.” Despite the historical precedents, chapter 2 takes seriously the natural scientific evidence that climate change has accelerated in the twentieth century because of anthropocentric contributions and that climate change will deepen further in the twenty-first century. As a result, migration patterns are likely to change profoundly. CIM is a worldwide phenomenon and obviously an issue for Small Island Developing States (SIDS) confronting rising sea levels. (SIDS were first recognized as a diplomatic entity at the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro.) CIM is also salient in South Asia, especially in Bangladesh on an annual basis and, for example, in Pakistan in the aftermath of the August 2010 floods. Nonetheless, this book drills into the geographical space associated with African migration to Europe and its implications for governance and transit states. Much of the population movement ostensibly directed toward Europe emerges from the Sahel and sub-Saharan Africa. Changing temperatures and precipitation patterns are likely to affect migratory pressures in the region. And since Africa is geographically proximate to Europe, it is the most immediate concern for North Atlantic interests. Importantly, however, chapter 2 emphasizes that while climate change may continue to contribute to CIM, most migrants within the region move short distances because adverse environmental conditions reduce access to the resources they need to migrate. The research on migration in the Sahelian and sub-Saharan context is that, paradoxically, climate change may inhibit long-range migration. So while CIM pressures to the Mediterranean and Europe are hardly insignificant, the bulk of CIM’s impact has been, and will likely remain, felt south of the Sahara—not on North Atlantic borders.
Acoustic black holes: recent developments in the theory and applications (2014)

Acoustic black holes are relatively new physical objects that have been introduced and investigated mainly during the last decade. They can absorb almost 100% of the incident wave energy, and this makes them very attractive for such traditional engineering applications as vibration damping in different engineering structures and sound absorption in gases and liquids. They also could be useful for some ultrasonic devices using Lamb wave propagation to provide anechoic termination for such waves. So far, acoustic black holes have been investigated mainly for flexural waves in thin plates, for which the required gradual changes in local wave velocity with distance can be easily achieved by changing the plates' local thickness. The present paper provides a brief review of the theory of acoustic black holes, including their comparison with optic black holes introduced about five years ago. Review is also given of the recent experimental work carried out at Loughborough University on damping structural vibrations using the acoustic black hole effect. This is followed by the discussion on potential applications of the acoustic black hole effect for sound absorption in air.
Environmental Value Stream Map as a Communicative Model for Discrete-Event Material Flow Simulation (2012)

In recent years, a lot of attention has been paid to the conceptual modeling phase of a simulation study.Although crucial to the success of the study, there is still little guidance on how to translate the system and objectives definition into a conceptual model.This paper proposes a modified process for a simulation study that sets the communicative model before conceptual modeling, using it as a tool for documenting and representing the system and objectives definition.This process is expected to yield a closer and earlier involvement of the simulation clients to the modeling project, a crucial success factor for a simulation study.Further, Environmental Value Stream Mapping is introduced as method for communicative modeling within discrete-event material flow simulation.It has been designed to meet the specific requirements of this application and was tested within four industrial case studies, one of them presented in this paper.
Energy efficient Wifi tethering on a smartphone (2014)

While numerous efforts have been made to save energy of “client” devices but it has not been addressed for access points (APs) as they are assumed to be supported by AC power. This paper proposes E-MAP, which is an energy saving algorithm for a tethering smartphone that plays a role of mobile AP (MAP) temporarily. It saves MAP's energy by introducing the sleep cycle as in power save mode (PSM) in 802.11 but successfully keeps clients from transmitting while it sleeps. One important design goal of E-MAP is backward compatibility, i.e., it requires no modification on the client side and supports PSM and adaptive PSM (A-PSM) as well as normal constant awake mode (CAM) clients. Experiments show that E-MAP reduces the energy consumption of a Wifi tethering smartphone by up to 54% with a little impact on packet delay under various traffic patterns derived from real-life traces.
BlockSim: Blockchain Simulator (2019)

A blockchain is a distributed ledger in which participants that do not fully trust each other agree on the ledger's content by running a consensus algorithm. This technology is raising a lot of interest both in academia and industry, but the lack of tools to evaluate design and implementation decisions may hamper fast progress. To address this issue, this paper presents a discrete-event simulator that is flexible enough to evaluate different blockchain implementations. These blockchains can be rapidly modeled and simulated by extending existing models. Running Bitcoin and Ethereum simulations allowed us to change conditions and answer different questions about their performance. For example, we concluded that doubling the number of transactions per block has a low impact on the block propagation delay (10ms) and that encrypting communication has a high impact in that delay (more than 25%).
[Fatty acid composition of liver lipids in chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and fatty liver]. (1987)

Fatty acid spectrum of liver tissue lipids was studied by means of gas-liquid chromatography in 58 bioptic samples from patients with chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and fatty hepatosis. A statistically significant decrease in content of linoleic, arachidonic and docosahexaenic acids as well as an increase in oleic, palmitoleic and myristic acids were found. Under conditions of the diseases studied fatty acid spectrum of liver tissue lipids altered. A decrease in degree of lipid desaturation was especially distinct in liver tissue cirrhosis.
Screening for Osteoporosis in Men: A Systematic Review for an American College of Physicians Guideline (2008)

Key risk factors for low BMD-mediated fracture include increased age, low body weight, weight loss, physical inactivity, prolonged corticosteroid use, previous osteoporotic fracture, and androgen deprivation therapy. Non-DXA tests either are too insensitive or have insufficient data to reach conclusions.
Escin may exert a synergistic anti-inflammatory effect with glucocorticoids (2010)

Escin is a natural mixture of triterpenoid as- ponin isolated from the seed of the horse chestnut and demonstrates anti-oedematous and anti-inflammatory effects. As yet, the pre-cise mechanisms by which escin exerts its anti- inflammatory effects remain unclear. The data from current studies indicate that the anti-in-flammatory properties of escin were attributed to its ability to reduce the adhesiveness of neu-trophils and the associated release of inflam-matory mediators; its ability to decrease hista-minic and serotoninergic activities; its ability to inhibit phospholipase A2; its ability to decrease nuclear factor-κ B activation and down-regulate the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α. All these effects are similar to glucocorticoids. Mo- reover, escin depends on adrenal glands to ex-ert its anti-inflammatory effects. Also, our recent research showed that the serum corticosterone level in mice did not increase after a 7-day in-travenous injection of escin. The results sup-port the hypothesis that escin may exert a syn-ergistic anti-inflammatory effect with glucocor-ticoids. Confirming this hypothesis will play a role in elucidating the anti-inflammatory mech- anisms of escin.
Modified field oriented control for smooth torque operation of a BLDC motor (2014)

This paper describes a novel approach to field oriented control of a BLDC (Brushless Direct-Current) motor producing a significantly reduced torque ripple. This paper presents a standard mathematical model of a BLDC motor in the abc reference frame which is suitable for simulation of the six-step control strategy, and a mathematical model of a BLDC motor in the dq reference frame suitable for standard and modified field oriented control strategies. An extended dq transformation, in other words a Park's-like transformation, is described and implemented in the simulation model. Simulation results of all the control strategies are evaluated and compared.
연구논문 : 일본(日本) 질부다마국립공원(秩父多摩國立公園)의 대형 초식 동물 일본 사슴(Cervus nippon)이 아고산침엽수림의 재생산에 미치는 영향 (2006)

Effects of feeding behavior of deer on regeneration of Abies veitchii dominated forest damaged concentrating in a short period were investigated. The dominant A. veitchii were damaged almost all individuals from small to large, with its DBH of 30cm, 91% and 90%, respectively. Most bark of fallen trees by strong wind were damaged by deer(Cervus nippon) feeding. Restoration of A. veitchii forest supposed be impossible if the deer inhabited densely in the forest. Feeding behavior of deer affected on vegetation after survey of forest vegetation. Non preferable plants escaped from feeding and gramineous plants grew faster even under the feeding pressure. Diversity index was decreased as percentage of non preferable plant increased. Therefore decrease of diversity probably affected by selected feeding and feeding pressure of the deer. Increase or decrease of certain species by feeding pressure of the deer simplify the species composition and probably caused less diversified vegetation of present.
Direct measurement of potential steps at grain boundaries in the presence of current flow (1988)

We have used a new technique to measure simultaneously the surface topography and surface potential of current-carrying polycrystalline ${\mathrm{Au}}_{60}$${\mathrm{Pd}}_{40}$ thin films using a scanning tunneling microscope. The variations of the gradients of the surface potential from a macroscopically constant value which are associated with scattering from grain boundaries in these films are observed. We find that the local potential changes abruptly at the boundaries between the grains.
Discussion on the Parallelism and Classification of Cloud Computing Tasks (2012)

Cloud computing basic platform can propose different requirements for storage and computation in face of different users during its operation. Whether multiple nodes are adapted to store and process one problem at the same time has to take the characteristics of parallelism of the task into consideration. The parallelism of serial program has not been found a universal model to resolute automatically up to date. For one computational process, loop structure is not only the one that appears most frequent in program design, but one structure that occupies system computation resource mainly, therefore, doing research on the problem of parallelism of loop program is one most import aspect. The article studies the correlation between computational data and data partitioning method when executing computation. From the perspective whether the task can be processed in parallel, cloud computing tasks are classified. Key words : Cloud Computing; Parallelism; Dependency Analysis; Loop Structure
A rapid analytical technique for flow cytometric analysis of cell viability using calcofluor white M2R (1987)

Analysis of dead versus live cells is shown to be possible using Calcoflour White M2R (CFW), a fluorescent brightener. Comparison of CFW with both propidium iodide (PI) and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) was performed on a FACS 440 dual laser flow cytometer on several populations of cultured rat and mouse cell lines, peripheral leukocytes, splenocytes, diatoms, and plant protoplasts. As a measure of cell viability, staining results with CFW were strongly associated with PI (correlation coefficient of 0.9886) and FDA (inverse correlation coefficient of 0.9647). With plant and algal cells, controls are necessary as CFW does stain live cells to some extent. CFW (excitation: UV, emission max: 435 nm) can be used in conjunction with two-color immunofluorescence analysis using fluorochromes excited at 488 nm with no interference.
Online Stochastic Scheduling (2006)

Online decision making under uncertainty and time constraints represents one of the most challenging problems for robust intelligent agents. In an increasingly dynamic, interconnected, and real-time world, intelligent systems must adapt dynamically to uncertainties, update existing plans to accommodate new requests and events, and produce high-quality decisions under severe time constraints. Such online decision-making applications are becoming increasingly common: ambulance dispatching and emergency city-evacuation routing, for example, are inherently online decision-making problems; other applications include packet scheduling for Internet communications and reservation systems. This book presents a novel framework, online stochastic optimization, to address this challenge.This framework assumes that the distribution of future requests, or an approximation thereof, is available for sampling, as is the case in many applications that make either historical data or predictive models available. It assumes additionally that the distribution of future requests is independent of current decisions, which is also the case in a variety of applications and holds significant computational advantages. The book presents several online stochastic algorithms implementing the framework, provides performance guarantees, and demonstrates a variety of applications. It discusses how to relax some of the assumptions in using historical sampling and machine learning and analyzes different underlying algorithmic problems. And finally, the book discusses the framework's possible limitations and suggests directions for future research.
Margaret Preston and assimilation (2015)

This article discusses the former Australian Government policy of assimilation and considers the views of the Australian artist Margaret Preston in relation to the policy and its meaning for Aboriginal Australia
<i>tert</i>-Butoxide-Mediated Arylation of Benzene with Aryl Halides in the Presence of a Catalytic 1,10-Phenanthroline Derivative (2010)

Sodium tert-butoxide mediates the coupling of aryl halides with benzene derivatives without the aid of transition metal catalysts but with a catalytic 1,10-phenanthroline derivative.
Control of Parallel Multirectifiers for a Direct-Drive Permanent-Magnet Wind Power Generator (2013)

This paper presents control strategies for a multimegawatt direct-drive permanent-magnet wind power generator with parallel-operating rectifiers linked by common dc bus. A model of a number of n rectifiers in parallel with a common dc link and zero-sequence current dynamics are derived and analyzed. The parallel-operating control is designed to restrain currents that flow between the power modules caused by power-device discrepancy and asynchronous operation of the parallel units. The multiple sets of pulse width modulation driving signals are generated by individual current control and produced by carrier phase-shifting synchronously. Each converter module is independent of each other identifying the rotor position by using an observer. The currents of each module are balanced and synchronized with respect to each other producing the optimal total generator torque. The experimental results that were obtained on a 1.5-MW platform proved the effectiveness of the control strategies.
Synthesis and characteristics of semi‐interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels based on chitosan and poly(hydroxy ethyl methacrylate) (2005)

Abstract Semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (semi‐IPNs), composed of chitosan and poly(hydroxy ethyl methacrylate) hydrogels, were prepared and the effects of various pH, temperatures, and an electric‐field on the swollen hydrogels were investigated. The swelling kinetics increased rapidly, reaching equilibrium within 60 min. Semi‐IPN hydrogels exhibited relatively high swelling ratios, 150∼350%. The swelling ratio increased when the pH of the buffer was below pH 7 as a result of the dissociation of ionic bonds. Semi‐IPN hydrogels showed electroresponsiveness by shrinking when an electric field was applied. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 86–92, 2005
Successful Hemostasis with Recombinant Activated Factor VII in a Patient with Massive Hepatic Subcapsular Hematoma (2009)

Recombinant activated coagulation factor VII (rFVIIa) is known to be effective in the management of acquired deficiencies of factor VII and platelet function defects. But recently, rFVIIa has been successfully used to treat ongoing bleeding in disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) condition. The patient reported here was suspected to be suffering from toxic hepatitis on admission. After percutaneous liver biopsy, bleeding occurred and did not stop even after right hepatic artery embolization. The patient developed a severe hemorrhage that resulted in hypovolemic shock, hemoperitoneum, and a massive subcapsular hematoma. The patient then developed DIC due to massive transfusion, as well as acute liver necrosis. The patient was given 400 mug/kg of rFVIIa. Recombinant factor VIIa was administered in an attempt to control the bleeding. This stabilized the hemoglobin levels of the patient. The patient gradually recovered in 4 months. In conclusion, this case suggests that rFVIIa can be successfully used for the hemostasis of uncontrolled bleeding in DIC.
Kerr effects in thin EuO films on mirror substrates (1968)

The Kerr magnetooptic effects in thin films of EuO were enhanced by closely matching the antireflection condition. This condition was met by controlling the thickness of semitransparent EuO films deposited on a mirror substrate. In the visible spectrum the longitudinal Kerr rotation 2φ is increased to about 8 degrees as compared with 2 degrees in single-crystal EuO. The transverse Kerr effect 2δ is also increased to about 0.8, the largest value yet reported. Corresponding to these maxima there is a minimum in reflectance that approaches the true antireflection condition. Details of the experiment and the semiautomated transverse Kerr effect plotter are presented with comparison of data from other magnetic films and enhancement techniques.
Excel PivotTables and PivotCharts your visual blueprint for creating dynamic spreadsheets (2006)

Master two of the most powerful features of Excel. Even if you use Excel all the time, you may not be up to speed on two of Excel's most useful features. PivotTable and PivotChart turn long lists of unreadable data into dynamic, easy-to-read tables and charts that highlight the information you need most; you can tweak results with a click or easily fuse data from several sources into one document. Now you can learn how to tap these powerful Excel tools with this practical guide. Using a series of step-by-step tutorials and easy-to-follow screenshots, this book shows you in a visual way how to
ChemInform Abstract: CONVERSION OF PYRIMIDINES INTO AMIDINOPYRAZOLE BY ACTION OF AMINOGUANIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE (1985)

Abstract Während bei der Umsetzung des Pyrimidins (Ia) mit Hydrazin das Substitutionsprodukt (Ib) entsteht, wird mit Aminoguanidinhydrochlorid (II) das Pyrazol (III) erhalten, dessen Struktur durch I‐Iydrolyse zu den Pyrazolen (IV) bis (VI) bewiesen wird.
Secure biometric template protection via randomized dynamic quantization transformation (2008)

Fuzzy Commitment Scheme is one of the biometric encryption approaches for biometric template protection. The idea is to bind an identifier with a biometric template in binary format called difference vector during enrollment. Ideally, a difference vector is infeasible to recover either the biometric template or the identifier without any knowledge of the user’s biometric data. Yet, this is only valid if the biometric template is uniformly random, but this is not the case in reality. In this paper, we propose a method known as randomized dynamic quantization transformation (RDQT) to binarize biometric data but still highly distinctive among the users and highly random. We demonstrate the implementation in the context of fingerprint biometrics. The experiment results and the security analysis in DB1 (FVC 2002) dataset suggest that the technique is feasible in practical usage.
Incidence of Dementia With Lewy Bodies and Parkinson Disease Dementia (2013)

The overall incidence rate of DLB is lower than the rate of Parkinson disease. The incidence of DLB increases steeply with age and is markedly higher in men. This men to women difference may suggest different etiologic mechanisms. Our findings may guide health care planning and prompt new studies.
The control of firing pattern in nigral dopamine neurons: burst firing (1984)

In addition to firing in a single spiking mode, dopamine (DA) cells have been observed to fire in a bursting pattern with consecutive spikes in a burst displaying progressively decreasing amplitude and increasing duration. In vivo intracellular recording demonstrated the bursts to typically ride on a depolarizing wave (5 to 15 mV amplitude). Although the burst-firing frequency of DA cells showed little correlation with the base line firing rate, increases in firing rate were usually associated with an increase in burst firing. Increases in burst firing could also be elicited by intracellular calcium injection and could be prevented by intracellular injection of EGTA, suggesting a calcium involvement in bursting. Blockade of potassium conductances with extracellular iontophoresis of barium or intracellular injection of tetraethylammonium bromide could also trigger an increased degree of burst firing in DA cells. These data suggest that the increased calcium influx accompanying an increased firing rate triggers burst firing, possibly by inactivating a potassium conductance. A switch from a single spiking mode to a burst-firing mode may be important in modulating striatal DA release, as shown for burst firing in other preparations.