gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular dynamics simulation of diffusion and sorption of water in conducting polyaniline (2007)

Energy minimization and molecular dynamics simulations are used to develop, for the first time, atomistic models of HCl- and HBr-doped conducting polyanilines, in order to study diffusion and adsorption of water vapor in the polymers. Various morphological properties of the polymers are computed, including their pair correlation functions that are found to be in good agreement with the experimental data, and their accessible free volumes. Also computed are the sorption isotherms and effective self-diffusivity of water vapor in the polymers. The computed sorption isotherms are in quantitative agreement with the experimental data, while the diffusivities are within an order of magnitude of the data. The reasons for the differences between the computed and measured diffusivities are discussed.
An Alternative Mechanism for Radioprotection by Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Possible Facilitation of DNA Double-strand Break Repair (2010)

The radioprotective effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) have been known for many years, and the suppression of hydroxyl (OH) radicals induced by ionizing radiation has been thought to be the main cause of this effect. However, the DMSO concentration used was very high, and might be toxic, in earlier studies. In the present study, we administered a lower, non-toxic concentration (0.5%, i.e., 64 mM) of DMSO before irradiation and examined its radioprotective effects. Colony formation assay and micronucleus assay showed significant radioprotective effects in CHO, but not in xrs5, which is defective in the repair function of DNA double-strand breaks. The levels of phosphorylated H2AX and the formation of 53BP1 foci 15 minutes after irradiation, which might reflect initial DNA double-strand breaks, in DMSO-treated CHO cells were similar to those in non-treated cells, suggesting that the radioprotective effects were not attributable to the suppression of general indirect action in the lower concentration of DMSO. On the other hand, 2 hours after irradiation, the average number of 53BP1 foci, which might reflect residual DNA double-strand breaks, was significantly decreased in DMSO-treated CHO cells compared to non-treated cells. The results indicated that low concentration of DMSO exerts radioprotective effects through the facilitation of DNA double-strand break repair rather than through the suppression of indirect action.
Synthesis of Polyolefin/Layered Silicate Nanocomposites via Surface-Initiated Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (2013)

Here we report the synthesis and characterization of block copolymer/layered silicate (BCPLS) nanocomposites via the surface-initiated ring-opening metathesis polymerization (SI-ROMP) of norbornene and cyclopentene from montmorillonite clay (MMT). The MMT particle surfaces were functionalized with a norbornene-terminated alkylammonium surfactant through ion exchange. Block copolymer brushes of norbornene and cyclopentene were polymerized directly from the surface of these functionalized clay platelets, yielding highly exfoliated nanocomposites. A fraction of the polymer brushes were removed from their substrate by reverse ion exchange and characterized in parallel with their corresponding nanocomposite analogues. The thermal, mechanical, and morphological characteristics of the BCPLSs and their neat analogues were then compared directly. This enabled us to assess the role of the MMT filler in the thermal properties, solid/melt state rheology, and morphology.
DeepPBM: Deep Probabilistic Background Model Estimation from Video Sequences (2019)

This paper presents a novel unsupervised probabilistic model estimation of visual background in video sequences using a variational autoencoder framework. Due to the redundant nature of the backgrounds in surveillance videos, visual information of the background can be compressed into a low-dimensional subspace in the encoder part of the variational autoencoder, while the highly variant information of its moving foreground gets filtered throughout its encoding-decoding process. Our deep probabilistic background model (DeepPBM) estimation approach is enabled by the power of deep neural networks in learning compressed representations of video frames and reconstructing them back to the original domain. We evaluated the performance of our DeepPBM in background subtraction on 9 surveillance videos from the background model challenge (BMC2012) dataset, and compared that with a standard subspace learning technique, robust principle component analysis (RPCA), which similarly estimates a deterministic low dimensional representation of the background in videos and is widely used for this application. Our method outperforms RPCA on BMC2012 dataset with 23% in average in F-measure score, emphasizing that background subtraction using the trained model can be done in more than 10 times faster.
Central Pacemaker Patients Registration in the Netherlands-a ten year evaluation (2003)

The setup and organization of the computerized Central Pacemaker Patients Registration in the Netherlands are described. Over a ten-year period (1979-88), information on 39000 pacemaker patients and their pacemakers and leads has been stored. It is emphasized that the registration is a valuable tool in the nationwide management of pacemaker patient care. Until 1989 the information was sent by mail on a standardized registration card. Starting in 1989, electronic transmission of the data was introduced, expanding the functionally of the system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Self-healing in group key distribution using subset difference method (2004)

The subset difference (SD) method proposed by D. Naor et al. is one of the most efficient group key distribution techniques. Recently a polynomial based solution for key distribution was proposed by D. Liu et al., which requires a similar message size as the SD method, but also provides self-healing feature. We propose a self-healing feature for the SD method, and present some optimization techniques to reduce the overhead caused by the self-healing capability.
Introduction (1990)

This book is intended as a study of British political responses to the demands generated by a century of almost continuous crisis. The theme of the book is the evolution of concepts of the state to meet the inexorable consequences of economic and social change. Britain has, in fact, negotiated the twentieth century remarkably successfully. Compared with the history of most developed nations in the twentieth century, that of Britain has been comparatively uneventful. There has been nothing like the events that occurred in Russia in 1917, nor what happened in Germany and Italy between the wars, nor even what happened in the United States in the Roosevelt era or during the Vietnam war. How does one account for the fact that Britain has come relatively unscathed, remained comparatively stable, through the experiences of the last one hundred years?
Performance Characteristics of Oil Lubricated Swing-Pad Thrust Bearings with Different Radii of Curvatures. (1980)

Frictional performance of oil lubricated thrust bearings of conventional tilt-pad and swing-pad designs is presented. Results from the conventional tilt-pad bearing are used as a baseline. All tests were conducted at a speed of 35 rpm and a sump temperature of 50 C (122 F). Thrust load was increased in increments generally from 2,069 kPa (300 psi) until onset of mixed lubrication. All bearings were tested with the pad surfaces in the centered and off-centered positions. Various radii of curvature were evaluated in the swing-pad version. Friction results for all bearings in the hydrodynamic region compared favorably with conventinal hydrodynamic theory. The hydrodynamic load capacity of one version of the swing-pad design was 79 percent greater than that of the centered tilt-pad bearing. Improvements in performance were observed in the regions of hydrodynamic and mixed lubrication by offsetting the pad surfaces for the tilt-pad and elastomeric swing-pad bearings. Performance for the elastomeric swing-pad bearing improved as a function of decreased radius of curvature in the laminates. (Author)
The MPI Facial Expression Database — A Validated Database of Emotional and Conversational Facial Expressions (2012)

The ability to communicate is one of the core aspects of human life. For this, we use not only verbal but also nonverbal signals of remarkable complexity. Among the latter, facial expressions belong to the most important information channels. Despite the large variety of facial expressions we use in daily life, research on facial expressions has so far mostly focused on the emotional aspect. Consequently, most databases of facial expressions available to the research community also include only emotional expressions, neglecting the largely unexplored aspect of conversational expressions. To fill this gap, we present the MPI facial expression database, which contains a large variety of natural emotional and conversational expressions. The database contains 55 different facial expressions performed by 19 German participants. Expressions were elicited with the help of a method-acting protocol, which guarantees both well-defined and natural facial expressions. The method-acting protocol was based on every-day scenarios, which are used to define the necessary context information for each expression. All facial expressions are available in three repetitions, in two intensities, as well as from three different camera angles. A detailed frame annotation is provided, from which a dynamic and a static version of the database have been created. In addition to describing the database in detail, we also present the results of an experiment with two conditions that serve to validate the context scenarios as well as the naturalness and recognizability of the video sequences. Our results provide clear evidence that conversational expressions can be recognized surprisingly well from visual information alone. The MPI facial expression database will enable researchers from different research fields (including the perceptual and cognitive sciences, but also affective computing, as well as computer vision) to investigate the processing of a wider range of natural facial expressions.
Feature Interaction in Internet Telephony. (2000)

. While Internet telephony aims to provide services at least equal to traditional telephony, the architecture of Internet telephony is sufficiently different to make it necessary to revisit the issue of feature interaction in this context. While many basic feature interaction problems remain the same, Internet telephony adds additional complications. Complications arise since functionality tends to be more distributed, users can program the behavior of end systems and signaling systems, the distinction between end systems and network equipment largely vanishes and the trust model implicit in the PSTN architecture no longer holds. On the other hand, Internet telephony makes end point addresses plentiful and its signaling makes it easy to specify in detail the desired network behavior. Many techniques for resolving interactions in the PSTN are no longer easily applied, but several new techniques, explicitness, authentication,andverification testing, become possible in the In...
Search tools through the glass: a story of clustering search results according to document attributes with a glance on the web (2009)

Structuring search results in information retrieval, especially when we have bulky results, helps IS users finding relevant results sooner. Due to the fact that clustering is a well known way of organizing search results this paper aims at mapping different clustering methods on different types of attributes, the last part of this paper deals with current situation of search technologies on the Web, testing if they have the potential of organizing the results according to previously defined attributes. The results of this minor study shows that although clustering search results is not something new on the Web and although most of the attributes are being indexed currently, the search engines do not take the whole advantage.
Comparison of Retention and Binding Behavior of dUTP and Biotin-Conjugated dUTP Using an Immobilized Silver Ion Chromatography Support (1998)

ABSTRACT A gel filtration chromatographic packing was modified to contain immobilized silver ions in order to study the retention and binding behavior of biotin-Iabeled b-dUTP versus dUTP. The immobilized silver column retains unlabeled dUTP (with the retention time depending on sodium chloride concentration in the mobile phase), but no affinity binding is evident with dUTP. In the absence of sodium chloride, dUTP was seen to have a retention time of 66 minutes using a 10.3-mL immobilized silver column, while b-dUTP is fully bound to the immobilized silver column. Approximately 90% of b-dUTP is recovered when b-dUTP is applied to the immobilized silver column using 103 M PBS and eluted using M NaCl in the mobile phase. These results demonstrate the potential for using silver ions in immobilized soft metal affinity chromatography (ISMAC) in order to selectively target biotin labeled molecules. An analysis of the data yielding mathematical models with specific focus on the interaction between chloride and silver ions is provided in order to guide method development for other biotin-Iabeled oligonucle-otides.
Nonenzymatic Glycation of Bovine Serum Albumin by Fructose (Fructation) (1989)

Nonenzymatic glycation by glucose (glucation) was compared with glycation by fructose (fructation). The rate and extent of protein-bound fluorescence generation upon fructation was about 10 times that upon glucation. In contrast, nonenzymatically glucated bovine serum albumin (BSA) released about twice as much formaldehyde upon periodate oxidation as did nonenzymatically fructated BSA. However, the rate of blocking of amino groups was similar in both proteins. Periodate oxidation of borohydride-reduced glycated BSA led to regeneration of amino groups with preservation of fluorescence. From the ratio between the decrease in formaldehyde-releasing ability and the regenerated amino groups, formaldehyde molar yields of 0.47 and 0.8 were computed for fructose- and glucose-derived Amadori groups, respectively. This is consistent with participation of both carbon 1 and carbon 3 in the Amadori rearrangement from fructose. The formaldehyde releasing ability of nonenzymatically fructated BSA attains asymptotic maximum values earlier than that of nonenzymatically glucated BSA. Thus, the higher rate of fluorescence generation in nonenzymatically fructated BSA could be explained by a faster conversion of its Amadori groups. Since fluorescence generation through the Maillard reaction has been correlated with long term complications of diabetes mellitus, the participation of nonenzymatic fructation in this pathological state deserves further exploration. This is especially relevant in tissues where fructose levels increase in diabetes as a result of the operation of the sorbitol pathway.
Development of an electronic control system for active suspension (1990)

The Toyota active control suspension is the first system for passenger cars that actively controls suspension by means of a hydropneumatic system. The authors describe the electronic control unit (ECU), which executes high-speed and highly-accurate processing, and the high-resolution sensors developed for the Toyota Celica's active control suspension. The ECU has two custom C-MOS 8-b single-chip microcomputers (main-CPU and sub-CPU). The main-CPU primarily processes basic control operations, while the sub-CPU processes input and output signals. The acceleration (G) sensor with amorphous-metal-thin-film distortion gauges detects both longitudinal and lateral acceleration of the vehicle. There are two kinds of height sensors, contact-free magnetic angle sensors with a Hall element and magnetoresistive elements for detecting the suspension stroke of each wheel. There are also two types of pressure sensors, those that have a silicon piezoresistive gauge and those that have an amorphous-metal-thin-film distortion gauge, for detecting the cylinder and system pressure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
GIANT CENTRIOLE FORMATION IN <i>SCIARA </i> (1967)

Although somatic tissues of Sciara contain 9-membered centrioles, germ line tissues develop giant centrioles with 60-90 singlet tubules disposed in an oval array. Some 9-membered centrioles still may be seen in second instar spermatogonia. Each of these centrioles is associated with a larger "daughter" or secondary centriole at right angles to it. Most centrioles of second instar spermatogonia consist of 20-50 singlet tubules arranged in an oval, sometimes associated with an even larger secondary centriole. The more recently formed centriole of a pair is distinguishable from its partner by a concentric band of electron-opaque material inside its tubules. If a pair of centrioles at right angles to each other is pictured as a "T" formed by two cylinders, the secondary centriole is always the stem of the T; the primary centriole is the top. The two centrioles are oriented at the pole of the mitotic spindle so that the tubules of the primary centriole are parallel to the spindle axis. Each daughter cell receives a pair of centrioles and, during interphase, each of these centrioles gives rise to a new daughter centriole. A Golgi area of characteristic morphology is found in association with centrioles shortly after two new ones have formed. We conclude that in Sciara a centriole may give rise to a daughter morphologically different from itself. Whether the daughter is a 9-membered or giant centriole depends on the tissue type and stage of development.
Crystallization of Prussian Blue Analogues at the Air−Water Interface Using an Octadecylamine Monolayer as a Template (2002)

We demonstrate the use of a Langmuir monolayer as a templating agent for growth of oriented crystals of metal(II) −hexacyanoferrate(III) (where metal can be Ni, Co, or Cu), popularly known as the Prussian Blue analogues, crystals of which are difficult to grow by conventional means. Crystalline films of metal(II) −hexacyanoferrate(III) are deposited at the air−water interface, under an octadecylamine (ODA) monolayer in a Langmuir trough, upon addition of K3Fe(CN)6 solution into the subphase containing aqueous metal chloride solution. Template action to promote crystallization at the air−water interface appears to be provided by the protonated ODA molecules. In the absence of the template (without ODA), no crystals are deposited and instead a precipitation reaction occurs resulting in the formation of a nonoriented cubic M3[Fe(CN)6]2·nH2O (M = Ni, Co, or Cu) precipitate. Crystalline Ni−hexacyanoferrate films formed through the template action were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and so forth. We also report initial results on the formation of crystalline Co(II)− and Cu(II)−hexacyanoferrate(III) films by XRD results.
Optical flow techniques applied to video coding (2002)

Motion estimation is an important part of most video coding schemes because it enables us to exploit the high degree of temporal redundancy present. Though block matching algorithms (BMA) yield coarse and piecewise-constant fields, they are very popular due to their simplicity and low bit overhead. In this paper, we propose to use a more advanced gradient-based technique to overcome the disadvantages of BMA. A dense motion field is estimated and compressed using a hierarchical finite element (HFE) representation, leading to an efficient, highly parallel, iterative, multiresolution optimization algorithm. The scheme also uses multiresolution measurements and a coarse-to-fine strategy to estimate large displacements. At comparable bit rates, the motion fields are much smoother and more natural than those produced by BMA. Coding gains of about 0.6 dB were obtained on Claire. More importantly, substantial visual improvements were obtained, mainly due to improved performance near the edges.
Phosphorus-Containing Monomers. I. The Synthesis of Vinyl Phosphines, Oxides, Sulfides, and Phosphonium Compounds (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhosphorus-Containing Monomers. I. The Synthesis of Vinyl Phosphines, Oxides, Sulfides, and Phosphonium CompoundsROBERT RABINOWITZ and JOSEPH PELLONCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 11, 4623–4626Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01069a101https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01069a101research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views901Altmetric-Citations125LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Development of the McArthur River mine (1994)

Development of any mineral resource into an efficient and profitable Mine takes a lot of skill and expertise. Some mine developments are more demanding than others and existing technology is not always capable of resolving all the problems at that time. In these circumstances new technologies have to be researched or adaptations of alternative methods developed. This is the point where innovation commences and must continue through every stage of progress until that Mine finally ceases operation. Innovation is frequently recognised in the more visible or notable successes. However, I believe the bulk of innovative thought is consumed in resolving numerous small issues which when aggregated the realised benefits are equally as significant as the major successes. It must be remembered that not all innovative proposals are successful and the failures provide their own benefits in the process of elimination and sometimes in the resolution of other challenges.
CHANGES IN KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND WORK PREFERENCES FOLLOWING COURSES IN GERONTOLOGY AMONG MEDICAL, NURSING, AND SOCIAL WORK STUDENTS (1992)

Abstract This study evaluated shortand long‐term effects of courses in gerontology and geriatrics on changes in knowledge, attitudes, and work preferences among medical, nursing, and social work students in Israel. The results showed that nursing and social work students increased their knowledge measured by Palmore's Facts on Aging Quiz. No significant changes were found in the level of knowledge of medical students and in the attitudes and work preferences of any of the studied groups. No correlation was found among knowledge, attitudes, and work preferences within each of the three groups, which implies that increased knowledge about the elderly does not necessarily lead to changes in negative attitudes and work preferences. Formal lectures appear to be a more effective way of transmitting knowledge than group discussions and contact with older persons.