gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>High-speed swing arm three-beam optical head</title> (1991)

A fast access, three beam swing arm optical reading head is proposed for the a half height CD-ROM disk drive. The swing arm is designed to achieve an access time in the 20 msec region for a comparable performance with the Winchester disk drive. The angular orientation of the grating is being controlled so that the three beam tracking method can still be used for the circular path of the swing.
Radio frequency fingerprinting commercial communication devices to enhance electronic security (2008)

There is a current shift toward protecting against unauthorised network access at the open systems interconnection physical layer by exploiting radio frequency characteristics that are difficult to mimic. This work addresses the use of RF 'fingerprints' to uniquely identify emissions from commercial devices. The goal is to exploit inherent signal features using a four step process that includes: 1. feature generation, 2. transient detection, 3. fingerprint extraction and 4. classification. Reliable transient detection is perhaps the most important step and is addressed here using a variance trajectory approach. Following transient detection, two fingerprinting and classification methods are considered, including 1. power spectral density (PSD) fingerprints with spectral correlation and 2. statistical fingerprints with multiple discriminant analysis-maximum likelihood (MDA-ML) classification. Each of these methods is evaluated using the 802.11a orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signal. For minimal transient detection error, results show that amplitude-based detection is most effective for 802.11a OFDM signals. It is shown that MDA-ML classification provides approximately 8.5-9.0% better classification performance than spectral correlation over a range of analysis signal-to-noise ratios (SNRA) using three hardware devices from two manufacturers. Overall, greater than 80% classification accuracy is achieved for spectral correlation at SNRA > 6 dB and for MDA-ML classification at SNRA > −3 dB.
Tumorigenicity of human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells expressing protein PA19 in either secreted or non-secreted form, as evaluated in athymic mice. (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

5571 

A profilin-like protein, PA19, common to many protozoa, was recently found to be a ligand for toll-like receptor TLR12 [Science,308,1626–1629 (2005)]. It is able to activate dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro and, when injected intraperitoneally (I.P.) in mice, to drastically reduce tumor formation by murine sarcoma S-180 [Int. J. Cancer, 114, 756–765 (2005)]. We have found that when PA19 is expressed as a transgene in human HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells, tumor formation in athymic mice is reduced [Proc. Amer. Assoc. Cancer. Res., 46, 3365 (2005)]. A report by Janke et al., (2000) showed that expression of the profilin 1 (PFN1) gene as a transgene in the human breast cancer cell line, CAL51, reduced the tumor-forming ability of these cells. This effect is believed to be the result of PFN1's interference in microfilament organization via its actin binding site [Mol. Biol. Cell, 15, 1600–1608 (2004)]. To determine whether the tumor suppressor activity of PA19 involves a mechanism similar to PFN1, we compared tumor formation by HT1080 cell lines, expressing PA19 either in an intracellular form (nPA19), or in a secreted form (sPA19). Eight cell lines stably-expressing nPA19, six expressing sPA19, five expressing an empty vector, and the parent cell line were compared. All were found to have similar growth characteristics in vitro . The expression of PA19 in the cell lines was quantified by determining the ability of the cell lysates, or conditioned media to activate DCs in in vitro assay. Mice were injected subcutaneously with 1 × 106 cells in the right or left rear flank. Blood analysis of mice injected with cell lines expressing sPA19 showed its presence as well as elevated levels of IL-12. All sites injected with parent line, or empty vector cell lines began developing tumor within 10 days after injection. On average, sites injected with cell lines expressing either form of PA19 were tumor-free for a longer period and the tumors grew more slowly than at the sites injected with the vector controls. All mice injected with cells carrying the empty vector were dead at 150 days and 40% expressing sPA19 remained tumor free for >150 days. Complete remission was observed in three mice (one injected with a cell line expressing nPA19, and two expressing sPA19). The sPA19 cell lines were less tumorigenic than the nPA19 cell lines as judged by tumor size (p=0.012) and the rate of tumor growth (p=0.027). These results support the hypothesis that the mechanisms of tumor suppression by PA19 and PFN1 are different. None of the surviving mice injected with the cell lines expressing sPA19 showed sign of immunity towards the secondary I.P. injection of the parent HT1080 cells indicating that there is no long-lasting protection involved in the observed tumor suppression mechanism. (Supported by NIH CA98305 to JJM).
Receptor Adaptations to Centrally Acting Drugs (1981)

Due to the massive data sets available for drug candidates, modern drug discovery has advanced to the big data era. Central to this shift is the development of artificial intelligence approaches to implementing innovative modeling based on the dynamic, ...Read More
Insulin-producing cells from embryonic stem cells rescues hyperglycemia via intra-spleen migration (2014)

Implantation of embryonic stem cells (ESC)-derived insulin-producing cells has been extensively investigated for treatment of diabetes in animal models. However, the in vivo behavior and migration of transplanted cells in diabetic models remains unclear. Here we investigated the location and migration of insulin-producing cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) using a dynamic MRI tracking method. SPIO labeled cells showed hypointense signal under the kidney subcapsules of diabetic mice on MRI, and faded gradually over the visiting time. However, new hypointense signal appeared in the spleen 1 week after transplantation, and became obvious with the time prolongation. Further histological examination proved the immigrated cells were insulin and C-peptide positive cells which were evenly distributed throughout the spleen. These intra-spleen insulin-producing cells maintained their protective effects against hyperglycemia in vivo, and these effects were reversed upon spleen removal. Transplantation of insulin-producing cells through spleen acquired an earlier blood glucose control as compared with that through kidney subcapsules. In summary, our data demonstrate that insulin-producing cells transplanted through kidney subcapsules were not located in situ but migrated into spleen, and rescues hyperglycemia in diabetic models. MRI may provide a novel tracking method for preclinical cell transplantation therapy of diabetes continuously and non-invasively.
Structural features of the rat GFAP gene and identification of a novel alternative transcript (1999)

The glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is expressed in a cell-specific manner and represents the major subunit of intermediate filaments of astroglial cells. The knowledge of the gene structure is an important step for further understanding the mechanisms of cell-specific expression. In the present study, we report the complete sequence of the rat GFAP gene and provide evidence for the existence, in the rat brain, of a novel alternative transcript. Since three different transcripts, indicated as GFAPalpha, beta, and gamma, have been previously reported (Feinstein et al. [1992] J. Neurosci. Res. 32:1-14; Zelenika et al. [1995] Mol. Brain Res. 30:251-258), we called this novel mRNA isoform GFAPdelta. It is generated by the alternative splicing of a novel exon located in the classic seventh intron. This alternative exon (called VII+) contains a 101-bp coding sequence in frame with exon VII and interrupted by a stop codon TAA at position +5451. Therefore, the novel GFAPdelta transcript encodes for an hypothetical GFAP where the forty-two carboxy-terminal amino acids encoded by exon VIII and IX are replaced by thirty-three amino acids encoded by exon VII+. Northern blot analysis with a specific probe for exon VII+ revealed a 4.2-kb mRNA, expressed in several brain areas, but absent in extracerebral tissues (lung, heart, kidney, liver, spleen). The previously discovered GFAP isoforms (alpha, beta, and gamma) produce hypothetical translation products differing in the amino-terminal Head domain. The present data suggest, for the first time, the possible existence of GFAP isoforms differing in the carboxy-terminal Tail domain.
Microbending loss in monomode fibres (1976)

A simple analytic formula for the microbending loss in monomode fibres of arbitrary refractive-index profile is presented. This loss essentially depends on the spot size of the fundamental fibre mode only. Therefore W-fibres, for example, are as sensitive to microbending as conventional cladded-core fibres.
A 10-GB/s SONET-compliant CMOS transceiver with low crosstalk and intrinsic jitter (2004)

A 4:1 SERDES IC suitable for SONET OC-192 and 10-Gb/s Ethernet is presented. The receiver, which consists of a limiting amplifier, a clock and data recovery unit, and a demultiplexer, locks automatically to all data rates in the range 9.95-10.7 Gb/s. At a bit error rate of less than 10/sup -12/, it has a sensitivity of 20 mV. The transmitter comprises a clock multiplying unit and a multiplexer. The jitter of the transmitted data signal is 0.2 ps RMS. This is facilitated by a novel notched inductor layout and a special power supply concept, which reduces cross-coupling between the transmitter and receiver. Integrated in a 0.13-/spl mu/m CMOS technology, the total power consumption from both 1.2- and 2.5-V supplies is less than 1 W.
FOXO1 regulates uterine epithelial integrity and progesterone receptor expression critical for embryo implantation (2018)

Successful embryo implantation requires a receptive endometrium. Poor uterine receptivity can account for implantation failure in women who experience recurrent pregnancy loss or multiple rounds of unsuccessful in vitro fertilization cycles. Here, we demonstrate that the transcription factor Forkhead Box O1 (FOXO1) is a critical regulator of endometrial receptivity in vivo. Uterine ablation of Foxo1 using the progesterone receptor Cre (PgrCre) mouse model resulted in infertility due to altered epithelial cell polarity and apoptosis, preventing the embryo from penetrating the luminal epithelium. Analysis of the uterine transcriptome after Foxo1 ablation identified alterations in gene expression for transcripts involved in the activation of cell invasion, molecular transport, apoptosis, β-catenin (CTNNB1) signaling pathway, and an increase in PGR signaling. The increase of PGR signaling was due to PGR expression being retained in the uterine epithelium during the window of receptivity. Constitutive expression of epithelial PGR during this receptive period inhibited expression of FOXO1 in the nucleus of the uterine epithelium. The reciprocal expression of PGR and FOXO1 was conserved in human endometrial samples during the proliferative and secretory phase. This demonstrates that expression of FOXO1 and the loss of PGR during the window of receptivity are interrelated and critical for embryo implantation.
A new frame interpolation scheme for talking head sequences (2002)

A video codec typically-skips frames to satisfy the bit rate constraint. This results in a jerky motion and a loss of lip synchronization in sequences of talking persons. We propose a frame interpolation technique to solve these problems. The main components of this technique include: foreground/background segmentation, mesh-based frame interpolation, and image analysis/synthesis for mouth movements. This technique generates smooth head motion and renders lip motion that is synchronized with the voice of the person.
The Datacycle architecture and research prototype (2003)

Research on the Datacycle architecture attempts to achieve, in a single architecture, the goals of high performance transaction processing, a powerful and flexible query capability, and high levels of concurrent access to a single database by multiple applications. The Datacycle architecture meets these goals by providing independent structuring and scaling of processing resources, both for processing individual queries (intra-query parallelism) and for overall throughput (inter-transaction parallelism). This paper describes the experimental Datacycle research prototype implemented at Bellcore. Building the prototype forced us to identify and overcome a number of key engineering and implementation issues and provides a better understanding of the value of this approach to database architecture.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Potentiation by estramustine of the cytotoxic effect of vinblastine and doxorubicin in prostatic tumor cells (1996)

The effects of combining estramustine (EM) with vinblastine (VLB) or doxorubicin (DOX) on cellular uptake, cellular retention and cell survival were investigated in Dunning hormone-insensitive rat prostate AT-1 tumor cells and DU-145 human prostatic tumor cells. Accumulation of VLB and DOX by AT-1 cells was less than one-half of that in DU-145 cells. Inclusion of EM or estromustine considerably increased uptake of both VLB and DOX in AT-1 cells but not in DU-145 cells. Verapamil and tamoxifen also potentiated VLB uptake in AT-1 cells. A combination of VLB and EM resulted in a considerable synergistic effect on both cytotoxicity and cellular retention of VLB. The presence of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) in AT-1 cells could be demonstrated by both Western blots and immunocytochemical detection. Photoaffinity labeling of Pgp by [3H]-azidopine was clearly inhibited by VLB, verapamil and EM. Our data strongly support the argument for a combination of EM with not only VLB but also DOX to improve the therapeutic index in patients with prostate cancer.
Artificial Multimers of the Type III Antifreeze Protein (2003)

A variant of antifreeze protein (AFP) named RD3 from antarctic eel pout (Lycodichthys dearborni) comprises the type III AFP intramolecular dimer, which is known to exhibit a significant enhancement of thermal hysteresis when compared with the type III AFP monomer (Miura, K., Ohgiya, S., Hoshino, T, Nemoto, N., Suetake, T., Miura, A, Spyracopoulos, L., Kondo, H., and Tsuda, S. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 1304-1310). Here we genetically synthesized intramolecular dimer, trimer, and tetramer of the type III AFP, for which we utilize the genes encoding the primary sequences of the N-domain, the C-domain, and the 9-residue linker of RD3, and we examined the AFP multimerization effects on thermal hysteresis and ice crystal morphology. Significantly, (i) the thermal hysteresis increases in proportion with the size of the multimers, (ii) a larger size of the multimer exerts the maximum activity at lower concentration, (iii) every multimer changes the morphology of a single ice crystal into a unique shape that is similar but not identical to the ordinary hexagonal bipyramid, and (iv) the size of ice crystal becomes dramatically small with increasing the concentration of the multimer. The thermal hysteresis enhancement of the multimer was detected in both molar and domain bases. These results suggest that a molecule comprising the multiple AFP domains connected in tandem acquires an enhanced affinity for the ice binding.
Nuclear and cytoplasmic location of the FER tyrosine kinase. (1991)

The location of the FER protein within the cell was investigated by using subcellular fractionation and immunofluorescence. FER was found in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus, where it was associated with the chromatin fraction. Its ubiquitous expression and its subcellular location indicate that it may be involved in key regulatory processes.
Development of the method for extraction of beryllium from genthelvite group of minerals under the conditions of processing of mineral raw materials (2012)

На основе термодинамических, кинетических исследований и методом математического планирования эксперимента выбрано оптимальное условие извлечения бериллия из мономинеральных образцов группы гентгельвинов с использованием растворов соляной кислоты при нагревании реакционной системы при температуре 800С. Впервые предложен новый способ извлечения бериллия из группы минералов гентгельвина.
[Mechanisms of the calcium influx across the plasma membrane]. (1996)

The Ca2+ influx is mainly mediated by voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels and store depletion-dependent Ca2+ channels. The former, which mainly acts to regulate Ca2+ influx in excitable cells, is relatively clear; However, the later, which mainly functions in nonexcitable cells, remains enigmatically complicated. Following activation of the intracellular Ca2+ store, the depletion of the store provides a signal for activating Ca2+ entry across the plasma membrane via presently unknown mechanisms. This paper reviews the rapid progress in this field.
Fatal Fentanyl Intoxication Following Excessive Transdermal Application (1997)

The case history and toxicological findings of a fatal fentanyl intoxication due to the application of multiple transdermal patches are presented. An 83 year-old white female with terminal cancer was found dead with three 100 mg/h fentanyl patches on her chest. The autopsy and subsequent histological studies revealed extensive areas of gastric carcinoma, a large atrial tumor, ulceration of esophagus, metastasis of peripancreatic lymph nodes and a recent surgical removal of part of the lower lobe of the left lung. Toxicological analysis by GC/MS yielded fentanyl concentrations of blood, 25 ng/mL; brain, 54 ng/g; heart 94 ng/g; kidney 69 ng/g; and liver 104 ng/g. The cause of death was determined to be fentanyl overdose and the manner of death was ruled undetermined as the investigation was unable to conclusively establish whether this was an accidental overdose, a suicide, an assisted suicide, or possible a homicide. This case demonstrates the need for caution in self-administration of transdermal fentanyl patches, in particular, the dangers inherent in the application of multiple patches which can result in the release of potentially toxic or lethal doses.
Detection and Characterization of a Transport System Mediating Cysteamine Entry into Human Fibroblast Lysosomes (1995)

The uptake of [3H]cysteamine by Percoll-purified human fibroblast lysosomes was investigated to determine whether lysosomes contain a transport system recognizing cysteamine. Lysosomal cysteamine uptake is a Na(+)-independent process which rapidly attains a steady state within 1 min at pH 7.0 and 37 degrees C. A biphasic Arrhenius plot is observed for cysteamine uptake, giving a Q10 of 2.2 from 17 to 26 degrees C and a Q10 of 1.2 from 27 to 35 degrees C. The rate of lysosomal cysteamine uptake is maximal at pH 8.2, half-maximal at pH 6.8, and declines approximately 50-fold from the maximum to show very little transport at pH 5.0. Cysteamine uptake into fibroblast lysosomes displays complete saturability with a Km of 0.88 mM and Vmax of 1410 pmol of beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase/min at pH 7.0 and 37 degrees C. Analog inhibition studies demonstrated that all analogs recognized thus far by the cysteamine carrier are either aminothiols or aminosulfides and contain an amino group and sulfur atom separated by a carbon chain, 2 carbon atoms in length. The Ki constants for these analogs as competitive inhibitors of lysosomal cysteamine uptake are 2-(ethylthio)ethylamine (0.64 mM), 1-amino-2-methyl-2-propanethiol (0.74 mM), 2-dimethylaminoethanethiol (0.87 mM), thiocholine (1.6 mM), and bis(2-aminoethyl)sulfide (4.9 mM). L-Cysteine, D-penicillamine, and analogs lacking either a sulfur atom or amino group are not recognized by the cysteamine carrier including ethanolamine, choline, taurine, beta-mercaptoethanol, ethylenediamine, cadaverine, spermine, spermidine, histamine, dopamine, and 3-hydroxytyramine. In a cystine-depletion assay, a 2-h exposure of cystinotic fibroblasts to 1 mM 1-amino-2-methyl-2-propanethiol lowers cell cystine levels to the same low level obtained with cysteamine. Thus, all four aminothiols, known to deplete cystinotic fibroblasts of their accumulated cystine, are recognized as substrates by the lysosomal cysteamine carrier, suggesting the importance of this transporter in the delivery of aminothiols to the lysosomal compartment.
Delayed Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Excitotoxic Neuron Death: Cytochrome<i>c</i>Release and a Secondary Increase in Superoxide Production (2000)

An increased production of superoxide has been shown to mediate glutamate-induced neuron death. We monitored intracellular superoxide production of hippocampal neurons during and after exposure to the glutamate receptor agonist NMDA (300 microm). During a 30 min NMDA exposure, intracellular superoxide production increased significantly and remained elevated for several hours after wash-out of NMDA. After a 5 min exposure, superoxide production remained elevated for 10 min, but then rapidly returned to baseline. Mitochondrial membrane potential also recovered after wash-out of NMDA. However, recovery of mitochondria was transient and followed by delayed mitochondrial depolarization, loss of cytochrome c, and a secondary rise in superoxide production 4-8 hr after NMDA exposure. Treatment with a superoxide dismutase mimetic before the secondary rise conferred the same protection against cell death as a treatment before the first. The secondary rise could be inhibited by the complex I inhibitor rotenone (in combination with oligomycin) and mimicked by the complex III inhibitor antimycin A. To investigate the relationship between cytochrome c release and superoxide production, human D283 medulloblastoma cells deficient in mitochondrial respiration (rho(-) cells) were exposed to the apoptosis-inducing agent staurosporine. Treatment with staurosporine induced mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, caspase activation, and cell death in control and rho(-) cells. However, a delayed increase in superoxide production was only observed in control cells. Our data suggest that the delayed superoxide production in excitotoxicity and apoptosis occurs secondary to a defect in mitochondrial electron transport and that mitochondrial cytochrome c release occurs upstream of this defect.
<i>p</i>‐Nitrobenzyl protection for cysteine and selenocysteine: A more stable alternative to the acetamidomethyl group (2010)

This study evaluated the acidic lability of the acetamidomethyl (Acm), trimethylacetamidomethyl (Tacm), and the p-nitrobenzyl (pNB) as protecting groups for cysteine and selenocysteine (Sec) during the tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc)-chemistry solid-phase peptide synthesis of oxytocin (OT). Two novel Sec building blocks (Nalpha-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-Se(acetamidomethyl)-L-selenocysteine (Boc-L-Sec(Acm)-OH) and Nalpha-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-S(4-nitrobenzyl)-L-selenocysteine (Boc-L-Sec(pNB)-OH)) were developed for this study. Six partially protected thio- and seleno-OT analogues were synthesized, purified, and exposed to neat trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) at temperatures of 25, 40, 50, and 60 degrees C for 1 h, and HF treatment at 0 degrees C for 1 h. Significant losses were observed for the Acm and Tacm group in TFA at temperatures greater than 25 degrees C and during HF treatment at 0 degrees C, whereas the pNB group remained intact. Removal of the pNB was achieved via reduction to the p-aminobenzyl group either with zinc in acetic acid in solution or via tin chloride in hydrochloric acid on solid support, followed by oxidative cleavage with iodine yielding the corresponding disulfide or diselenide bond. No major side reactions were observed. This study confirms the occasionally described Acm instability and underpins the development of the pNB group as an alternative for cysteine and Sec protection.