gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>DIAL measurements for air pollution and fugitive-loss monitoring</title> (1995)

This paper describes a mobile differential absorption LIDAR system, which operates in the UV, visible, and IR spectral regions. This system can measure a range of important air pollutants emitted by industry, including SO<SUB>2</SUB>, NO<SUB>2</SUB>, NO, HCl, benzene, toluene, and a large range of other VOC's. These species can be monitored at fugitive and flammable levels at ranges of up to 1 km (for IR measurements) and 3 km (for UV measurements). Examples of measurements of fluxes emitted from large scale industrial sties are presented and discussed. Comparisons are given between measured fluxes and those calculated using the US Environmental Protection Agency's and American Petroleum Institute's standard procedures for estimating industrial emissions. The fluxes measured by DIAL are higher than the values derived from the API procedures. Possible reasons for discrepancies between the measured results and the EPA/API estimation procedures will be discussed.
Design and Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite Composites Containing an mPEG−Dendritic Poly(<scp>l</scp>-lysine) Star Polycaprolactone (2004)

The design and synthesis of star polycaprolactone−hydroxyapatite films for use as a biodegradable matrix for bone tissue engineering will be presented. mPEG-dendritic-poly(l-lysine) terminated with glycolic acid residues serve as the star polymer cores for attachment of polycaprolactone by ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone. Initial studies involved testing physical blends of the tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) and glycolamide terminated dendrons, generations zero through six, with varying concentrations of hydroxyapatite (HA). The star polymer had not only drastically different solubility but also greatly improved film quality. Further improvements were made in film quality and homogeneity by utilizing the star polymers in the presence of a chemical synthesis of hydroxyapatite. The improved films were then tested for their mechanical strength properties. The star polymer from generation 6.5 and 20 wt % of hydroxyapatite exhibited good mechanical properties with an average Young's modulus of 1.77 MPa, tensile strength of 4.19 MPa, and ultimate elongation of 19%. The details of the chemical synthesis of hydroxyapatite in the presence of the star polymer are discussed.
Guidelines for the management of actinic keratoses (2007)

These guidelines stemmed from a consensus meeting held by the British Photobiology Group (BPG) in 1999. Following this meeting one of the authors (J.M.M.) was invited to draw up guidelines for the management of actinic keratoses by the British Association of Dermatologists Therapy Guidelines and Audit Subcommittee. Relevant evidence was sought using the search terms 'solar keratosis' and 'actinic keratosis' in Medline from 1966 onwards. Additional and earlier literature was reviewed on the basis of references within post-1966 publications. All articles of apparent relevance were reviewed independently of the nature of the publication. The quality of the evidence elicited has been indicated. The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (U.S.A.) was used for further data on topical chemotherapy. Papers were reviewed and discussed by the contributors to the BPG Workshop (see Acknowledgments). Recommendations are evidence based where possible. Strength of recommendation is coupled with quality of evidence. Strength of recommendation includes consideration of apparent cost-benefit and practical considerations. Quality of evidence reflects the nature of the trial structure that provides data of efficacy.
LP and CP polarization reconfigurable antennas for modern wireless applications (2017)

This paper will present a series of novel polarization reconfigurable antennas for modern wireless applications. First, three multi-linear polarization reconfigurable antennas with the switchable 0°, +45°, 90° and -45° polarizations are investigated for mitigating the polarization mismatching problem in wireless biomedical applications. Three distinctive techniques were adopted to realize the same reconfigurability but with different radiation performance. In the beginning, a multi-dipole structure was designed. Four switchable half-wavelength dipoles were arranged in a compact structure and fed by a same source. Later, we used the slot antenna as the basic radiating element to realize the same polarization reconfigurability but with the improved directivity. Furthermore, to reduce the profile of the previously proposed two designs, a multiple L-probes fed circular patch antenna was designed. The profile was significantly decreased but the gain was improved. Second, three circular polarization reconfigurable antennas are introduced for increasing the channel capacity in satellite applications. Initially, a wideband CP reconfigurable antenna with conical-beam pattern was realized at the first time. Later on, two wideband broadside CP reconfigurable antennas were designed. The achieved bandwidth of our proposed antennas are widest among all the previously reported works.
Boron-nitrogen compounds. 111. Reactions of borazines with pyrazole and related studies: (.mu.-amido)(.mu.-pyrazolato)diboron species, novel relatives of the pyrazaboles (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBoron-nitrogen compounds. 111. Reactions of borazines with pyrazole and related studies: (.mu.-amido)(.mu.-pyrazolato)diboron species, novel relatives of the pyrazabolesJ. Bielawski, M. K. Das, E. Hanecker, K. Niedenzu, and H. NoethCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 26, 4623–4628Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00246a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00246a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views321Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Bioreactor Strategy in Bone Tissue Engineering: Pre-Culture and Osteogenic Differentiation Under Two Flow Configurations (2012)

Since robust osteogenic differentiation and mineralization are integral to the engineering of bone constructs, understanding the impact of the cellular microenvironments on human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSCs) osteogenic differentiation is crucial to optimize bioreactor strategy. Two perfusion flow conditions were utilized in order to understand the impact of the flow configuration on hMSC construct development during both pre-culture (PC) in growth media and its subsequent osteogenic induction (OI). The media in the in-house perfusion bioreactor was controlled to perfuse either around (termed parallel flow [PF]) the construct surfaces or penetrate through the construct (termed transverse flow [TF]) for 7 days of the PC followed by 7 days of the OI. The flow configuration during the PC not only changed growth kinetics but also influenced cell distribution and potency of osteogenic differentiation and mineralization during the subsequent OI. While shear stress resulted from the TF stimulated cell proliferation during PC, the convective removal of de novo extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and growth factors (GFs) reduced cell proliferation on OI. In contrast, the effective retention of de novo ECM proteins and GFs in the PC constructs under the PF maintained cell proliferation under the OI but resulted in localized cell aggregations, which influenced their osteogenic differentiation. The results revealed the contrasting roles of the convective flow as a mechanical stimulus, the redistribution of the cells and macromolecules in 3D constructs, and their divergent impacts on cellular events, leading to bone construct formation. The results suggest that the modulation of the flow configuration in the perfusion bioreactor is an effective strategy that regulates the construct properties and maximizes the functional outcome.
Effect of fetal hemoglobin on microvascular regulation in sickle transgenic-knockout mice (2004)

In sickle cell disease, intravascular sickling and attendant flow abnormalities underlie the chronic inflammation and vascular endothelial abnormalities. However, the relationship between sickling and vascular tone is not well understood. We hypothesized that sickling-induced vaso-occlusive events and attendant oxidative stress will affect microvascular regulatory mechanisms. In the present studies, we have examined whether microvascular abnormalities expressed in sickle transgenic-knockout Berkeley (BERK) mice (which express exclusively human α- and β(S)-globins with <1% γ-globin levels) are amenable to correction with increased levels of antisickling fetal hemoglobin (HbF). In BERK mice, sickling, increased oxidative stress, and hemolytic anemia are accompanied by vasodilation, compensatory increases in eNOS and COX-2, and attenuated vascular responses to NO-mediated vasoactive stimuli and norepinephrine. The hypotension and vasodilation (required for adequate oxygen delivery in the face of chronic anemia) are mediated by non-NO vasodilators (i.e., prostacyclin) as evidenced by induction of COX-2. In BERK mice, the resistance to NO-mediated vasodilators is associated with increased oxidative stress and hemolytic rate, and in BERK + γ mice (expressing 20% HbF), an improved response to these stimuli is associated with reduced oxidative stress and hemolytic rate. Furthermore, BERK + γ mice show normalization of vessel diameters, and eNOS and COX-2 expression. These results demonstrate a strong relationship between sickling and microvascular function in sickle cell disease.
Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation: Leukapheresis Product has Anti-angiogenic Effects In Vivo Correlating with Neutrophil-derived VEGFR1 (2011)

Neutrophil-derived antiangiogenic sVEGFR1 within the LP may contribute to the therapeutic efficacy of ASCT.
Microstrip dual-band band pass filter using hairpin resonator and microstrip tapped feed line (2010)

A new miniaturized microstrip filter using 3 stepped impedance resonators and micro strip tapped feed line is designed for dual band applications at the frequencies 2.5 and 6 GHz . The microstrip line is loaded with stepped impedance hairpin resonators through coupling lines. To construct band pass filter parallel and series resonance characteristics of stepped impedance hairpin resonator is utilized. The stepped impedance resonator acts as a loading impedance and creates two pass bands. Three attenuation poles are created at 0.5, 3.8 and 6.8 GHz respectively. The filter is simulated using ADS 2009 software. The designed dual band bandpass filter achieves the insertion loss less than 1dB and the return loss is -17 dB and -25 dB at 2.5 and 6 GHz respectively .This proposed filter structure is suitable for satellite, mobile and other wireless communication systems.
Too Much of a Good Thing?: Difficulties with Workplace Friendships (2007)

Having friends within the work context can provide support and sociability and a friendly workplace is generally linked with positive organisational outcomes. However, this situation may not be as clear-cut as it seems - social relations can entail costs as well as rewards. A workplace study of over two hundred people explores the difficulties that arise from having close friends in the workplace. Although friendships may be valuable both for employees and organisations, the findings indicate that negative effects, such as the blurring of boundaries; having to devote time to the friendship; and distraction from work can create numerous difficulties. These can cause distraction and anxiety, ultimately resulting in reduced work outputs.
Recoverable Catalysts and Reagents Using Recyclable Polystyrene-Based Supports (2002)

Contents<br/>1.0Introduction \n1.1 Polystyrene Supports as Carriers for Reagents and Catalysts \n1.2 Catalyst and Reagent Attachment to Polymer Supports \n2.0C-C Bond Formation Using Recyclable Resin-Based Reagents and Catalysts \n2.1 Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions \n2.2 Other Transition Metal Catalyzed Reactions \n2.3 Resin-Supported Olefin Metathesis \n2.4 Resin-Mediated Cycloaddition Reactions \n2.4.1 Diels-Alder Cycloadditions \n2.4.2 Resin-Based Catalysts for 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions \n2.5 Immobilized Chiral Ligands for Diethylzinc Additions to Aldehydes \n2.6 Miscellaneous: Other C-C Bond Forming Reactions \n3.0Immobilized Oxidants \n3.1Oxidation with Immobilized Transition Metal Complexes \n3.2 Alcohol Oxidation \n3.3 Alkene Oxidation \n3.3.1 Dihydroxylation \n3.3.2 Epoxidation \n3.3.3 Asymmetric Epoxidation \n3.3.4 Other Alkene Oxidation Reactions \n3.4 Potpourri: Other Immobilized Oxidants \n4.0Immobilized Resin-Based Reductants \n4.1 General Reduction Processes \n4.2 Asymmetric Reduction of Ketones \n4.3 Alkene Reduction \n4.4 Resin-Based Tin and Germanium Reductants \n5.0Conclusions \n6.0Abbreviations \n7.0Acknowledgments \n8.0References
Ischemic preconditioning attenuates hypoperfusion after retinal ischemia in rats. (1999)

Postischemic hypoperfusion is present in the rat retina 60 minutes after ischemia, does not resolve by 150 minutes after ischemia, and is attenuated by IPC when ischemia is 60 minutes or less in duration. Maintenance of postischemic perfusion in the retina may be one of the mechanisms involved in the neuroprotection afforded by IPC.
Neural network based model for radiated emissions prediction from high speed PCB traces (2014)

Printed Circuit Board (PCB) traces are one of most important PCB Radiated Emissions (RE) sources. These traces is becoming electrically long as the trace length is comparable with the wavelength resulting in higher RE. Therefore, it is essential to predict the RE to avoid out of compliance test issues. In this paper, a neural network Multi-Layer Percetron (MLP) model is developed to predict the radiated emissions of PCB traces. The MLP model is then trained and tested using data set generated based recently developed closed-form equations. Results had shown that a good estimate of the radiated emissions can be obtained using this developed model avoiding both the time-consuming simulations and expensive prototype testing in the compliance chambers. Double-layer PCB is fabricated to validate the proposed neural network model by measurement in a Semi Anechoic Chamber (SAC). Moreover, reasonable agreements are obtained between the measurement and proposed model results.
LOCALIZED MUSCLE FATIGUE REDUCES MOVEMENT SENSE ACUITY IN FEMALES TO A GREATER EXTENT THAN MALES. (1998)

1919 Movement sense acuity following localized muscle fatigue was investigated for 8 male and 6 female volunteers while subjects were blindfolded and seated with the arm in a motorised rig. Acuity tests consisted of a semi-passive external rotation of the extended arm, at a reference speed from 0 °(relative to the sagittal plane) to 55 °. Following a rotation, the arm was returned to 0 ° and then externally rotated between 45 ° to 65° with a speed (test speed) that was either faster or slower than the reference speed. Subjects were asked to discriminate the test speed relative to the reference speed and correct answers noted. An equal number of rotation speeds either faster or slower than the reference speed were presented for each subject in a random sequence. These acuity tests were performed before and immediately after two experimental conditions: 1) Light work(LW), repetitive isokinetic horizontal flexion/extensions at 10% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and 2) Hard work (HW), same isokinetic movement as LW, but MVCs until fatigue (30% of initial MVC). Our results showed that the probability of distinguishing movement velocities was significantly lower following HW as compared to LW (p<0.001). Furthermore, females had a lower probability of distinguishing correctly than males(p<0.001). These data suggest that muscle receptors contribute significantly to proprioceptive information especially regarding sensations of movement. The higher incidence of injuries to female athletes may be associated with reduced proprioception brought on by muscle fatigue.
Heat Pipe Design Handbook: Volume II (1979)

This volume consists of a discussion of Fluid Properties (Chapter 1) and a description of the available Heat Pipe Computer Codes (Chapter 2). Appendix A contains appropriate International Scientific Units (SI) and Conversion Factors. The Users Manual for the Heat Pipe Fluid Properties Program (HPF) which is used to generate the fluid property data is presented in Appendix B. Tabulated fluid property data are listed in Appendix C.
A comparison of thermal zone aggregation methods (2012)

The impact of increasing energy prices on building operation budgets has fueled demand for more energy-efficient structures. Existing building energy simulation tools generate an immense amount of data yet comparatively little knowledge. This paper introduces a framework that allows aggregation-based model reduction to operate on geometric building information models. The resulting aggregation sequence provides designers with faster simulations and affords insight into complex multi-scale thermal interactions. A comparison of the trade-off between simulation speed and accuracy for three hierarchical cluster partitioning methods concludes the discussion.
Evolutionary Selection of New Breast Cancer Cell-Targeting Peptides and Phages with the Cell-Targeting Peptides Fully Displayed on the Major Coat and Their Effects on Actin Dynamics during Cell Internalization (2010)

Filamentous phage as a bacteria-specific virus can be conjugated with an anticancer drug and has been proposed to serve as a carrier to deliver drugs to cancer cells for targeted therapy. However, how cell-targeting filamentous phage alone affects cancer cell biology is unclear. Phage libraries provide an inexhaustible reservoir of new ligands against tumor cells and tissues that have potential therapeutic and diagnostic applications in cancer treatment. Some of these identified ligands might stimulate various cell responses. Here we identified new cell internalizing peptides (and the phages with such peptides fused to each of ~3900 copies of their major coat protein) using landscape phage libraries and for the first time investigated the actin dynamics when selected phages are internalized into the SKBR-3 breast cancer cells. Our results show that phages harboring VSSTQDFP and DGSIPWST peptides could selectively internalize into the SKBR-3 breast cancer cells with high affinity, and also show rapid involvement of membrane ruffling and rearrangements of actin cytoskeleton during the phage entry. The actin dynamics was studied by using live cell and fluorescence imaging. The cell-targeting phages were found to enter breast cancer cells through energy dependent mechanism and phage entry interferes with actin dynamics, resulting in reorganization of actin filaments and increased membrane rufflings in SKBR-3 cells. These results suggest that, when phage enters epithelial cells, it triggers transient changes in the host cell actin cytoskeleton. This study also shows that using multivalent phage libraries considerably increases the repertoire of available cell-internalizing ligands with potential applications in targeted drug delivery, imaging, molecular monitoring and profiling of breast cancer cells.
Tuning the β‐turn segment in designed peptide β‐hairpins: Construction of a stable type I′ β‐turn nucleus and hairpin–helix transition promoting segments (2006)

Designed octapeptides Boc-Leu-Val-Val-Aib-(D)Xxx-Leu-Val-Val-OMe ((D)Xxx = (D)Ala, 3a;(D)Val, 3c and (D)Pro, 5a) and Boc-Leu-Phe-Val-Aib-(D)Ala-Leu-Phe-Val-OMe (3b) have been investigated to construct models of a stable type I' beta-turn nucleated hairpin and to generate systems for investigating helix-hairpin conformational transitions. Peptide 5a, which contains a central Aib-(D)Pro segment, is shown to adopt a stable type I' beta-turn nucleated hairpin structure, stabilized by four cross-strand hydrogen bonds. The stability of the structure in diverse solvents is established by the observation of all diagnostic NOEs expected in a beta-hairpin conformation. Replacement of (D)Pro5 by (D)Ala/(D)Val (3a-c) results in sequences that form beta-hairpins in hydrogen bonding solvents like CD(3)OH and DMSO-d(6). However, in CDCl(3) evidence for population of helical conformations is obtained. Peptide 6b (Boc-Leu-Phe-Val-Aib-Aib-Leu-Phe-Val-OMe), which contains a centrally positioned Aib-Aib segment, provides a clear example of a system, which exhibits a helical conformation in CDCl(3) and a significant population of both helices and hairpins in CD(3)OH and DMSO-d(6). The coexistence of multiple conformations is established by the simultaneous observation of diagnostic NOEs. Control over stereochemistry of the central beta-turn permits generation of models for robust beta-hairpins and also for the construction of systems that may be used to probe helix-hairpin conformational transitions.
Advanced testing requirements of diffractive optical elements for off-axis illumination in photolithography (2009)

The progress of immersion lithography toward the 22nm production node is putting more stringent requirements on the diffractive optics that are used for off-axis illumination. Tighter tolerances on pole balance, stray light, zeroth order, optical transmission, and matching of the far field output pattern to the design specification are in-turn requiring more accurate and repeatable optical testing. This paper will report on preliminary results from Tessera's new excimer diffractive optics test stand, including gauge capability and sources of variation, ending with a comparison of measurement capability to the required specifications.