gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Molecular Chaperone gp96/GRP94 Interacts with Toll-like Receptors and Integrins via Its C-terminal Hydrophobic Domain (2012)

The structural basis for molecular chaperones to discern misfolded proteins has long been an enigma. As the endoplasmic reticulum paralogue of the cytosolic HSP90, gp96 (GRP94, HSP90b1) is an essential molecular chaperone for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and integrins. However, little is known about its client-binding domain (CBD). Herein, we provide genetic and biochemical evidence to definitively demonstrate that a C-terminal loop structure, formed by residues 652-678, is the critical region of CBD for both TLRs and integrins. Deletion of this region affects neither the intrinsic ATPase activity nor the overall conformation of gp96. However, without it, the chaperoning function of gp96 collapses. We also find a critical Met pair (Met(658)-Met(662)) for the folding of integrins but not TLRs. Moreover, we find that the TLR binding to gp96 is also dependent on the C-terminal dimerization domain but not the N-terminal ATP-binding pocket of gp96. Our study has unveiled surprisingly the exquisite specificity of gp96 in substrate binding and suggests a manipulation of its CBD as an alternative strategy for targeted therapy of a variety of diseases.
Bacteriophage Treatment Reduces Salmonella Colonization of Infected Chickens (2008)

Three different lyric bacteriophages (BPs) were isolated from the sewage system of commercial chicken flocks and used to reduce Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) colonization from experimental chickens. Ten-day-old chickens were challenged with 9.6 x 10(5) colony-forming units (CFU)/ml of a SE strain and treated by coarse spray or drinking water with a cocktail of the three phages at a multiplicity of infection (MO1) of 10(3) plaque-forming units (PFU) 24 hr prior to SE challenge. Chickens were euthanatized at day 20 of age for individual SE detection, quantitative bacteriology, and phage isolation from the intestine and from a pool of organs. SE detection was performed by both bacteriologic culture and genome detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Qualitative bacteriology showed that aerosol-spray delivery of BPs significantly reduced the incidence of SE infection in the chicken group (P = 0.0084) to 72.7% as compared with the control group (100%). In addition, SE counts showed that phage delivery both by coarse spray and drinking water reduced the intestinal SE colonization (P < 0.01; P < 0.05, respectively). BPs were isolated at 10 days postinfection from the intestine and from pools of organs from BP-treated chickens. We conclude that the phage treatment, either by aerosol spray or drinking water, may be a plausible alternative to antibiotics for the reduction of Salmonella infection in poultry.
[Ofloxacin efficacy in the prophylaxis and treatment of experimental plague due to antigen complete and defective strains of the pathogen]. (2002)

Strains of the plague microbe, antigen complete and defective by fraction I and mouse toxin had the same in vitro susceptibility to ofloxacin (MIC 0.08 mg/L). The drug was superior in its activity to pefloxacin and especially nalidixic acid. In the experiments with albino mice (prophylaxis, 5 days) the ofloxacin efficacy was lower when the infection was due to the plague microbe strains deprived of the ability to produce fraction I and mouse toxin, evident from a statistically significant increase of the drug ED50 and a decrease of the animal survival percentage. When used in the doses corresponding to the human average daily doses, ofloxacin provided effective animal protection (80 to 100 per cent survival) after the prophylaxis for 7 days and the treatment of the plague infection irrespective of the strains, complete or antigen changed. However, when the infection is due to the antigen changed strain, ofloxacin should be used in the maximum daily doses at least for 7 days.
A phase III study of the impact of a physical activity program on disease-free survival in patients with high-risk stage II or stage III colon cancer: A randomized controlled trial (NCIC CTG CO.21). (2013)

TPS3647 Background: Observational data indicate that physical activity (PA) is strongly associated with colon-cancer specific survival. NCIC CTG CO.21 (CHALLENGE) is designed to determine the effects of a structured PA intervention on disease-control outcomes for survivors of high-risk stage II or III colon cancer who have completed adjuvant chemotherapy within the previous 2-6 months. Methods: Phase III randomized controlled trial. Target sample size of 962 patients is powered to detect a Hazard Ratio of 0.75 for disease-free survival (DFS). Trial participants will be stratified by centre, disease stage, body mass index, and performance status, and will be randomly assigned to a structured, individualized PA intervention or to general health education materials. The PA intervention will consist of a behavioural support program and supervised PA sessions delivered over a 3-year period, beginning with regular face-to-face sessions and tapering to less frequent face-to-face or telephone sessions. The goal of the PA program is to increase weekly PA by 10 MET hours/week. The PA program is delivered by physical activity consultants trained in exercise physiology and behavior change. Outcomes: The primary endpoint is DFS. Important secondary endpoints include multiple patient-reported outcomes (including those that address fatigue), objective physical functioning, biologic correlative markers (including assessment of the insulin pathway), and an economic analysis. Current Enrollment: The study is open at 19 centers in Canada and 20 centers in Australia. Accrual as of February 4, 2013 includes 212 registered and 184 randomized patients. Summary: Cancer survivors and cancer care professionals are interested in the potential role of PA to improve multiple disease-related outcomes, but a randomized controlled trial is needed to provide compelling evidence to justify changes in health care policies and practice. Clinical trial information: NCT00819208.
Phosphorylase Kinase from Rabbit Skeletal Muscle Identification of the Calmodulin‐Binding Subunits (1980)

Phosphorylase kinase has the structure (alpha beta gamma delta)4 where the delta-subunit is identical to the calcium-binding protein termed calmodulin [Shenolikar et al. (1979) Eur. J. Biochem. 100, 329--337]. The delta-subunit was tightly bound to phosphorylase kinase in the absence of calcium ions, and its rate of exchange with [14C]calmodulin was only 15% per week. The delta-subunit remained associated with phophorylase kinase in the presence of 8 M urea provided that calcium ions were present and this property enabled electrophoretic techniques to be used which demonstrated that the delta-subunit was associated with the gamma-subunit. This finding was confirmed by cross-linking experiments with dimethylsuberimidate which resulted in the formation of a gamma delta complex. Phosphorylase kinase was shown to bind one additional molecule of calmodulin per alpha beta gamma delta unit, termed the delta'-subunit. Glycerol gradient centrifugation in the presence of [14C]calmodulin indicated that the interaction of the delta'-subunit with phosphorylase kinase only occurred in the presence of calcium ions, and that the Kd value was near 0.01 microM. This was similar to the concentration of delta'-subunit which produced half-maximal activation. The delta'-subunit did not remain associated with phosphorylase kinase in the presence of 8 M urea, either in the presence or absence of calcium ions. The very slow exchange between the delta-subunit and [14C]calmodulin, and the calcium-dependent binding of the delta'-subunit allowed cross-linking experiments to be used which demonstrated that the delta'-subunit was bound to both the alpha and beta subunits. This result was supported by the finding that selective proteolysis of either the alpha-subunit, or the alpha and beta subunits, decreased or abolished the ability of phosphorylase kinase to bind to calmodulin-Sepharose. The roles of the different subunits in the regulation of phosphorylase kinase activity are discussed.
A 500-nW floating-gate amplifier with programmable gain (2002)

Micro-power voltage amplification is achieved using capacitive feedback via multiple-input floating-gate transistors. The proposed amplifier uses self-biased cascode transistors operating in the subthreshold region for near rail-to-rail output voltage range. Simulations show a 72 kHz GBW when driving 1 pF. Power consumption is 500 nW per stage of gain. Chip measurements of a 4-stage programmable-gain amplifier implemented in a 1.2 /spl mu/m technology confirm functionality of the design.
High Performance by Exploiting Information Locality through Reverse Computing (2011)

In this paper we present performance results for our register rematerialization technique based on reverse recomputing. Rematerialization adds instructions and we show on one specifically designed example that reverse computing alleviates the impact of these additional instructions on performance. We also show how thread parallelism may be optimized on GPUs by performing register allocation with reverse recomputing that increases the number of threads per Streaming Multiprocessor (SM). This is done on the main kernel of Lattice Quantum Chromo Dynamics (LQCD) simulation program where we gain a 10.84% speedup.
Cyclin A1 protein shows haplo-insufficiency for normal fertility in male mice (2004)

In higher eukaryotes, the cyclins constitute a family of proteins involved in progression through the cell cycle. The cyclin A1 gene (Ccna1) is expressed during meiosis and is required for spermatogenesis. Targeted disruption of the Ccna1 gene with a LacZ reporter gene has allowed us to study the expression pattern of this gene in more detail. We have confirmed expression in mouse pre-meiotic spermatocytes and also detected expression in the accessory olfactory bulb, hippocampus and amygdala of the adult brain. We have also found that the amount of cyclin A1 protein influences the fertility of male mice and its action is modulated by genetic background. On an outbred genetic background (129S6/SvEv x MF1), Ccna1 (tm1Col) -/- animals are sterile due to spermatogenic arrest prior to the first meiotic division while Ccna1 (tm1Col) +/- mice show reduced sperm production and fertility. This is even more pronounced on an inbred genetic background (129S6/SvEv) where Ccna1 (tm1Col) +/- male mice are sterile due to a severe reduction in the total number of sperm.
Aminomethylierung von Enaminen cyclischer β‐Dicarbonylverbindungen (1971)

Abstract Enamine cyclischer β‐Dicarbonylverbindungen lassen sich aminomethylieren, wobei das der Carbonylgruppe benachbarte olefinische Proton substituiert wird. Eine zusätzliche vinyloge Aminomethylierung am Stickstoff ist möglich. Mit primären Aminen entstehen dann Chinazolin‐5‐on‐Derivate.
Reactions of substituted phenacyl bromides with various bases. <i>o</i>‐ and <i>p</i>‐nitrophenacyl bromide. I (1984)

Abstract The products obtained from the reaction of o ‐ and p ‐nitrophenacyl bromide with various bases is described.
Synthesis and .alpha.-D-glucosidase inhibitory activity of N-substituted valiolamine derivatives as potential oral antidiabetic agents (1986)

Various kinds of N-substituted valiolamine derivatives, including compounds 23a, 24a, and 34a, which are structurally analogous to the key pseudodisaccharides (25a and 26a) of naturally occurring oligosaccharide alpha-D-glucosidase inhibitors, have been synthesized and estimated by the measure of inhibitory activity against porcine sucrase and maltase. The N-substituted valiolamine derivatives evaluated in this study have been found to be more potent than the corresponding N-substituted valienamine derivatives as well as the parent valiolamine. It is noteworthy that even simple N-substituted valiolamine derivatives such as N-[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]-, N-[(1R,2R)-2-hydroxycyclohexyl]-, and N-[(R)-(-)-beta-hydroxyphenethyl]valiolamine (6, 8a, and 9a) have the stronger alpha-D-glucosidase inhibitory activity against porcine intestinal maltase and sucrase than naturally occurring oligosaccharide alpha-D-glucosidase inhibitors.
Changes in Ester-Linked Phospholipid Fatty Acid Profiles of Subsurface Bacteria during Starvation and Desiccation in a Porous Medium (1994)

Ester-linked phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles of a Pseudomonas aureofaciens strain and an Arthrobacter protophormiae strain, each isolated from a subsurface sediment, were quantified in a starvation experiment in a silica sand porous medium under moist and dry conditions. Washed cells were added to sand microcosms and maintained under saturated conditions or subjected to desiccation by slow drying over a period of 16 days to final water potentials of approximately - 7.5 MPa for the P. aureofaciens and - 15 MPa for the A. protophormiae. In a third treatment, cells were added to saturated microcosms along with organic nutrients and maintained under saturated conditions. The numbers of culturable cells of both bacterial strains declined to below detection level within 16 days in both the moist and dried nutrient-deprived conditions, while direct counts and total PLFAs remained relatively constant. Both strains of bacteria maintained culturability in the nutrient-amended microcosms. The dried P. aureofaciens cells showed changes in PLFA profiles that are typically associated with stressed gram-negative cells, i.e., increased ratios of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids, increased ratios of trans- to cis-monoenoic fatty acids, and increased ratios of cyclopropyl fatty acids to their monoenoic precursors. P. aureofaciens starved under moist conditions showed few changes in PLFA profiles during the 16-day incubation, whereas cells incubated in the presence of nutrients showed decreases in the ratios of both saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids and cyclopropyl fatty acids to their monoenoic precursors. The PLFA profiles of A. protophormiae changed very little in response to either nutrient deprivation or desiccation. Diglyceride fatty acids, which have been proposed to be indicators of dead or lysed cells, remained relatively constant throughout the experiment. Only the A. protophormiae desiccated for 16 days showed an increase in the ratio of diglyceride fatty acids to PLFAs. The results of this laboratory experiment can be useful for interpreting PLFA profiles of subsurface communities of microorganisms for the purpose of determining their physiological status.
Predicting Traffic Phases from Car Sensor Data using Machine Learning (2019)

This research is an explorative study to look for the potential to predict traffic density from driver behaviour using signals collected from the Controller Area Network (CAN) bus. The hypothesis is that driver behaviour is influenced by traffic density in such a way that an approximation of the traffic density can be determined from changes in the driver behaviour. Machine learning will be employed to correlate a selection of commonly available sensors on cars to the traffic density. Challenges in the processing of the data for this purpose will be outlined. The data for this study is collected from five passenger cars and nineteen trucks driving on the A28 highway in Utrecht region in the Netherlands. This study is restricted to straight roads in order to isolate the steering behaviour attributable to the traffic state influences rather than following the curve in the road. The results are encouraging that the correlation between driver behaviour and traffic density can be established. An overall accuracy of over 95% is achieved with a precision of 92%. The recall rate however is low most likely caused by over-fitting due to the unbalanced data set. The results still look promising and more training data should improve the results. This research is part of the broader project VIA NOVA which aims to investigate the use of car-sensor data for traffic and road asset management.
d-q ANALYSIS OF A VARIABLE SPEED DOUBLY AC EXCITED RELUCTANCE MOTOR (1991)

ABSTRACT The paper describes a new type of variable speed doubly-fed reluctance machine and presents the model for the analysis of the machine. The stator of the machine is equipped with two sets of sinusoidally distributed windings having pole numbers P1 and P2. The rotor consists of simple saliencies of pole number Pr, which is shown to be constrained to particular values by P1 and P2. A d-q-n model and equivalent circuit is developed for this machine. Simulation results using the new model show that this machine can have the advantages of doubly-fed wound-rotor machine while eliminating the complicated wound rotor, brushes and slip rings normally associated with doubly fed machines.
New methodologies for the synthesis of compound libraries (1999)

New methodologies for the synthesis of compound libraries are discussed. They are based on new carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions on the solid-phase (using polymer-supported silyl enol ethers), library preparation using polymer catalysts, and multi-component reactions in liquid phase. Development of new linker resins for efficient reactions on the solid-phase and a new method for the synthesis of monosaccharide libraries are also described.
UA94/6/1 COVID-19 Diary (2020)

COVID-19 diary submitted to WKU Archives by student Michaela Snyder for fall 2020 semester.
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 signaling in osteoclasts is negatively regulated by the BMP antagonist, twisted gastrulation (2010)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have been shown to regulate both osteoblasts and osteoclasts. We previously reported that BMP2 could directly enhance RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation by increasing the size and number of osteoclasts. Similarly, genetic deletion of the BMP antagonist Twisted gastrulation (TWSG1) in mice, resulted in an enhancement of osteoclast formation, activity and osteopenia. This was accompanied by increased levels of phosphorylated Smad (pSmad) 1/5/8 in Twsg1(-/-) osteoclasts in vitro. The purpose of this study was to develop an adenoviral vector overexpressing Twsg1 as a means of inhibiting osteoclast activity. We demonstrate that overexpressing TWSG1 in primary osteoclasts decreased the size and number of multinuclear TRAP-positive osteoclasts, expression of osteoclast genes, and resorption ability. Overexpression of TWSG1 did not affect osteoclast proliferation or apoptosis. However, overexpression of TWSG1 decreased the levels of pSmad 1/5/8 in osteoclasts. Addition of exogenous BMP2 to osteoclasts overexpressing TWSG1 rescued the size and levels of pSmad 1/5/8 compared to cultures infected with a control virus. Finally, TWSG1 overexpression in osteoclasts isolated from the Twsg1(-/-) mice rescued size of the osteoclasts while further addition of exogenous BMP2 reversed the effect of TWSG1 overexpression and increased the size of the osteoclasts similar to control virus infected cells. Taken together, we demonstrate that overexpressing TWSG1 in osteoclasts via an adenoviral vector results in inhibition of osteoclastogenesis and may provide a potential therapy for inhibiting osteoclast activity in a localized manner.
Introduction (2003)

The art of analog filter design has considerably advanced in the last four decades. The classical LC (inductance-capacitance) filters have been superseded by Active resistor-capacitor (RC) filters [1.1–1.7], with the availability of the ubiquitous operational amplifier (OA) or opamp. Thin film and thick film techniques have been used to produce hybrid microcircuits using the Active RC technique. These, however, needed precise capacitors and laser trimming of resistors to achieve the desired specifications. Even today, Active RC filters are used for applications not demanding high precision, such as anti-aliasing filters for sam-pled-data systems. A Sallen-Key Active RC filter, which is still widely used, is shown in figure 1.1. However, at high pole-frequencies and/or high pole-Qs, these filters were found to be unusable as they tended to be unstable. The OA was well understood in the late 1970s and its finite bandwidth was recognized to be a hindrance. Clever designers tried to either compensate the effect of OA bandwidth by additional OAs, passive elements, or by pre-distortion. Yet others tried to utilize the OA bandwidth to advantage leading to the so-called Active R filters (see figure 1.2) [1.1]. These, however, were disappointing because the performance was dependent on the actual bandwidths of the OAs, which are dependent on power supply, voltage, and temperature.
A 1- mu m polysilicon self-aligning bipolar process for low-power high-speed integrated circuits (1989)

A double-poly-Si self-aligning bipolar process employing 1- mu m lithography is developed for very-high-speed circuit applications. Epilayer doping and thickness are optimized for breakdown voltages and good speed-power performance. Shallow base-emitter profiles are obtained by combining low-energy boron implantation and rapid thermal annealing (RTA) for the emitter drive-in. A transit frequency f/sub T/=14 GHz at V/sub BC/=-1 V and a current-mode-logic (CML) gate delay of 43 ps at 30 fJ are achieved. For an emitter size of 1.0*2.0 mu m/sup 2/ a minimum power-delay product of 15 fJ is calculated. Circuit performance capability is demonstrated by a static frequency divider operating up to 15 GHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Empirical Investigation of Web Site Use Using a Commitment‐Based Model (2006)

ABSTRACT Companies throughout industry are interested in retaining existing customers, because customers' continuous consumption of products and services is critical to the long‐term value propositions of most organizations. Thus, decision‐making strategies that promote continuous use and customer retention are of research interest, both theoretically and practically. In the present research, we investigate one important area of continuous usage, that of Web site use. In particular, we use several theories of commitment to understand how an individual's decision to continue to use a Web site is influenced by his or her commitment toward that Web site and the vendor that supports it. Results derived from data collected from 335 users of a variety of Web sites indicated that affective commitment, calculative commitment, quality of alternatives, and trust were significantly associated with an individual's behavioral intention to continue to use a Web site. Implications for customer retention and decision‐making strategies are discussed.
Studies on Naphthyridines. III. Syntheses of 2, 10-Diazaanthracene and 1, 7-Naphthyridine. (1958)

The reaction of sodium salt of 3-carboxyquinaldine and formaldehyde gave 2-hydroxyethyl-3-quinolinecarboxylic, acid lactone, which was led to the amide, and its oxidation gave 1-hydroxy-2, 10-diazaanthracene. 2, 10-Diazaanthracene was obtained from this 1-hydroxy compound. 1, 7-Naphthyridine was synthesized from 4-chloro-1, 7-naphthyridine via 4-hydrazino compound.
Processing of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) RNA in vivo. (1985)

Nuclear RNA precursors to the mRNA for rat cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) (EC 4.1.1.32) and nuclear RNA species smaller in size than the mature enzyme mRNA have been identified by using hybridization probes specific for introns and exons from the gene. A number of processing intermediates, including an intact intron, were noted. Based on the size and distribution of the precursors observed, we propose a pathway for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase RNA processing that involves splicing of introns starting at the 5' end of the RNA transcript and proceeding toward the 3' end.