gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
L<sub><i>p</i></sub>‐NORM DECONVOLUTION<sup>1</sup> (1990)

A bstract The purpose of deconvolution is to retrieve the reflectivity from seismic data. To do this requires an estimate of the seismic wavelet, which in some techniques is estimated simultaneously with the reflectivity, and in others is assumed known. The most popular deconvolution technique is inverse filtering. It has the property that the deconvolved reflectivity is band‐limited. Band‐limitation implies that reflectors are not sharply resolved, which can lead to serious interpretation problems in detailed delineation. To overcome the adverse effects of band‐limitation, various alternatives for inverse filtering have been proposed. One class of alternatives is L p ‐norm deconvolution, L 1 norm deconvolution being the best‐known of this class. We show that for an exact convolutional forward model and statistically independent reflectivity and additive noise, the maximum likelihood estimate of the reflectivity can be obtained by L p ‐norm deconvolution for a range of multivariate probability density functions of the reflectivity and the noise. The L ∞ ‐norm corresponds to a uniform distribution, the L 2 ‐norm to a Gaussian distribution, the L 1 ‐norm to an exponential distribution and the L 0 ‐norm to a variable that is sparsely distributed. For instance, if we assume sparse and spiky reflectivity and Gaussian noise with zero mean, the L p ‐norm deconvolution problem is solved best by minimizing the L 0 ‐norm of the reflectivity and the L 2 ‐norm of the noise. However, the L 0 ‐norm is difficult to implement in an algorithm. From a practical point of view, the frequency‐domain mixed‐norm method that minimizes the L 1 norm of the reflectivity and the L 2 ‐norm of the noise is the best alternative. L p ‐norm deconvolution can be stated in both time and frequency‐domain. We show that both approaches are only equivalent for the case when the noise is minimized with the L 2 ‐norm. Finally, some L p ‐norm deconvolution methods are compared on synthetic and field data. For the practical examples, the wide range of possible L p ‐norm deconvolution methods is narrowed down to three methods with p = 1 and/or 2. Given the assumptions of sparsely distributed reflectivity and Gaussian noise, we conclude that the mixed L 1 norm (reflectivity) L 2 ‐norm (noise) performs best. However, the problems inherent to single‐trace deconvolution techniques, for example the problem of generating spurious events, remain. For practical application, a greater problem is that only the main, well‐separated events are properly resolved.
Double-blind trial comparing bufexamac infiltrations with triamcinolone acetonide infiltrations in patients with periarthritis of the shoulder (1978)

A double-blind trial was carried out in 40 patients with an acute episode of periarthritis of the shoulder to compare the effectiveness and toleration of local infiltrations of bufexamac and triamcinolone acetonide. Patients received 1 or 2 local infiltrations with either 20 mg bufexamac or 40 mg triamcinolone acetonide. The results were evaluated by objective and subjective assessments of pain, loss of function, mobility, and by doctors' and patients' opinions of relief. There was a significant, comparable reduction in pain and discomfort in both groups after the first injection. Fourteen patients in each group required a second injection, with slightly more improvement in those receiving bufexamac. Local intolerance of the injections was noted in approximately 25% to 30% of the patients.
Encrypt Flip-Flop: A Novel Logic Encryption Technique For Sequential Circuits (2018)

Logic Encryption is one of the most popular hardware security techniques which can prevent IP piracy and illegal IC overproduction. It introduces obfuscation by inserting some extra hardware into a design to hide its functionality from unauthorized users. Correct functionality of an encrypted design depends upon the application of correct keys, shared only with the authorized users. In the recent past, extensive efforts have been devoted in extracting the secret key of an encrypted design. At the same time, several countermeasures have also been proposed by the research community to thwart different state-of-the-art attacks on logic encryption. However, most of the proposed countermeasures fail to prevent the powerful SAT attack. Although a few researchers have proposed different solutions to withstand SAT attack, those solutions suffer from several drawbacks such as high design overheads, low output corruptibility, and vulnerability against removal attack. Almost all the known logic encryption strategies are vulnerable to scan based attack. In this paper, we propose a novel encryption technique called Encrypt Flip-Flop, which encrypts the outputs of selected flip-flops by inserting multiplexers (MUX). The proposed strategy can thwart all the known attacks including SAT and scan based attacks. The scheme has low design overhead and implementation complexity. Experimental results on several ISCAS'89 and ITC'99 benchmarks show that our proposed method can produce reasonable output corruption for wrong keys.
Intravenous Immunoglobulin as Adjunctive Treatment for Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome Associated with Necrotizing Fasciitis: Case Report and Review (1999)

Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) is caused by infection with a toxicogenic strain of Streptococcus pyogenes. Clinical manifestations may be those of a mild illness, characterized by malaise, fever, and muscle pain, to severe sepsis and multisystem organ failure. The syndrome may be associated with several invasive infections including necrotizing fasciitis. Treatment is primarily surgical debridement of infected tissue with supportive care, antibiotics, and hemodynamic monitoring. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is reported to have beneficial effects in the management of STSS associated with necrotizing fasciitis. The agent was successful in conjunction with surgical excision and antibiotics in a patient with necrotizing fasciitis, toxic shock, and multisystem organ failure. On the basis of this experience and a thorough literature review, we concur that IVIG may be a useful adjunct in the treatment of STSS associated with necrotizing fasciitis.
Intrusion detection model using fusion of chi-square feature selection and multi class SVM (2016)

Intrusion detection is a promising area of research in the domain of security with the rapid development of internet in everyday life. Many intrusion detection systems (IDS) employ a sole classifier algorithm for classifying network traffic as normal or abnormal. Due to the large amount of data, these sole classifier models fail to achieve a high attack detection rate with reduced false alarm rate. However by applying dimensionality reduction, data can be efficiently reduced to an optimal set of attributes without loss of information and then classified accurately using a multi class modeling technique for identifying the different network attacks. In this paper, we propose an intrusion detection model using chi-square feature selection and multi class support vector machine (SVM). A parameter tuning technique is adopted for optimization of Radial Basis Function kernel parameter namely gamma represented by ‘ϒ’ and over fitting constant ‘C’. These are the two important parameters required for the SVM model. The main idea behind this model is to construct a multi class SVM which has not been adopted for IDS so far to decrease the training and testing time and increase the individual classification accuracy of the network attacks. The investigational results on NSL-KDD dataset which is an enhanced version of KDDCup 1999 dataset shows that our proposed approach results in a better detection rate and reduced false alarm rate. An experimentation on the computational time required for training and testing is also carried out for usage in time critical applications.
Optically active .alpha.- and .beta.-naphthalene derivatives. 5. Stereochemical course of the Haworth-type synthesis of optically active 2-(1-methylpropyl)naphthalene (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOptically active .alpha.- and .beta.-naphthalene derivatives. 5. Stereochemical course of the Haworth-type synthesis of optically active 2-(1-methylpropyl)naphthaleneRita Menicagli and Oreste PiccoloCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 13, 2581–2585Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01301a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01301a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views242Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Image-based Synthesis and Re-Synthesis of Viewpoints Guided by 3D Models (2014)

We propose a technique to use the structural informa-tion extracted from a set of 3D models of an object class to improve novel-view synthesis for images showing unknown instances of this class. These novel views can be used to “amplify ” training image collections that typically contain only a low number of views or lack certain classes of views entirely (e. g. top views). We extract the correlation of position, normal, re-flectance and appearance from computer-generated images of a few exemplars and use this information to infer new appearance for new instances. We show that our approach can improve performance of state-of-the-art detectors using real-world training data. Additional applications include guided versions of inpainting, 2D-to-3D conversion, super-resolution and non-local smoothing. 1.
Sleep quality and arousal in migraine and tension-type headache: the headache-sleep study (2014)

We hypothesize that TTH and NSM patients on the average need more sleep than healthy controls. SM patients seem more susceptible to sleep disturbances. Inadequate rest might be an attack-precipitating- and hyperalgesia-inducing factor.
Initial Permeability of Co-Based Amorphous Films at High Frequencies (1989)

Frequency characteristics of the initial permeability (μi' and μi") of Co-based amorphous films (Co-Ta-Hf, Co-(Nb, Ta)-Zr) at high frequencies (400 kHz to 80 MHz) were investigated. Two factors influencing the initial permeability at high frequencies, natural resonance and eddy current effects, are discussed. It was found that the relation of the conventional "Snoek's limit" to the high-frequency permeability applies in these Co-based amorphous films if the film thickness and uniaxial anisotropy are small enough, and if the effect of the demagnetization field is negligible. The induced large unidirectional anisotropy improves the initial permeability along the hard magnetic axis in the high frequency range; this is caused by changes in the initial magnetization process and rises in the natural resonance frequency. The influence of eddy currents on the degradation of the initial permeability becomes a dominant factor at high frequencies in proportion to the film thickness, because of the metallic conductivity of the film.
Divergent effects of glucose and fructose on hepatic lipogenesis and insulin signaling (2017)

Overconsumption of high-fat diet (HFD) and sugar-sweetened beverages are risk factors for developing obesity, insulin resistance, and fatty liver disease. Here we have dissected mechanisms underlying this association using mice fed either chow or HFD with or without fructose- or glucose-supplemented water. In chow-fed mice, there was no major physiological difference between fructose and glucose supplementation. On the other hand, mice on HFD supplemented with fructose developed more pronounced obesity, glucose intolerance, and hepatomegaly as compared to glucose-supplemented HFD mice, despite similar caloric intake. Fructose and glucose supplementation also had distinct effects on expression of the lipogenic transcription factors ChREBP and SREBP1c. While both sugars increased ChREBP-β, fructose supplementation uniquely increased SREBP1c and downstream fatty acid synthesis genes, resulting in reduced liver insulin signaling. In contrast, glucose enhanced total ChREBP expression and triglyceride synthesis but was associated with improved hepatic insulin signaling. Metabolomic and RNA sequence analysis confirmed dichotomous effects of fructose and glucose supplementation on liver metabolism in spite of inducing similar hepatic lipid accumulation. Ketohexokinase, the first enzyme of fructose metabolism, was increased in fructose-fed mice and in obese humans with steatohepatitis. Knockdown of ketohexokinase in liver improved hepatic steatosis and glucose tolerance in fructose-supplemented mice. Thus, fructose is a component of dietary sugar that is distinctively associated with poor metabolic outcomes, whereas increased glucose intake may be protective.
Metallic Glasses (1990)

Abstract Metallic glasses can be prepared by solidification of liquid alloys at cooling rates sufficient to suppress the nucleation and growth of competing crystalline phases. This article presents a historical survey of the study of metallic glasses and other amorphous metals and alloys. This includes a discussion of synthesis and processing methods, structure and morphology, and a description of the electronic, magnetic, thermodynamic, chemical, and mechanical properties of metallic glasses. In addition, the article describes the development of metallic glasses as materials for technical applications.
Low temperature coefficient of frequency in a lithium tantalate resonator (1967)

Lithium tantalate, a clear single crystal material that is both ferroelectric and piezoelectric, has been found to have a low temperature coefficient of frequency and an electromechanical coupling factor of 0.50 when x-cut plates are driven piezoelectrically in thickness shear.
Gas phase chemical detection with an integrated chemical analysis system (2003)

Microfabrication technology has been applied to the development of a miniature, multi-channel gas phase chemical laboratory that provides fast response, small size, and enhanced versatility and chemical discrimination. Each analysis channel includes a sample concentrator followed by a gas chromatographic separator and a chemically selective surface acoustic wave detector array to achieve high sensitivity and selectivity. The performance of the components, individually and collectively, is described. The design and performance of novel micromachined acoustic wave devices, with the potential for improved chemical sensitivity, are also described.
Thermoelectric and transport properties of n-type Bi2Te3 nanocomposites (2008)

A series of Bi2Te3 nanocomposite samples have been prepared by incorporating nanoparticle concentrations of 5–50mol% into a bulk matrix via a mixing process and subsequently hot pressing into highly densified pellets. The electrical resistivity, thermopower, total thermal conductivity, carrier concentration, and Hall mobility have been measured for these composites, and the power factor, lattice thermal conductivity, and figure of merit (ZT) have been calculated. The results are discussed in light of the underlying electrical and thermal transport mechanisms.
Trastuzumab Has Preferential Activity against Breast Cancers Driven by HER2 Homodimers (2011)

In breast cancer cells with HER2 gene amplification, HER2 receptors exist on the cell surface as monomers, homodimers, and heterodimers with EGFR/HER3. The therapeutic antibody trastuzumab, an approved therapy for HER2(+) breast cancer, cannot block ligand-induced HER2 heterodimers, suggesting it cannot effectively inhibit HER2 signaling. Hence, HER2 oligomeric states may predict the odds of a clinical response to trastuzumab in HER2-driven tumors. To test this hypothesis, we generated nontransformed human MCF10A mammary epithelial cells stably expressing a chimeric HER2-FKBP molecule that could be conditionally induced to homodimerize by adding the FKBP ligand AP1510, or instead induced to heterodimerize with EGFR or HER3 by adding the heterodimer ligands EGF/TGFα or heregulin. AP1510, EGF, and heregulin each induced growth of MCF10A cells expressing HER2-FKBP. Trastuzumab inhibited homodimer-mediated but not heterodimer-mediated cell growth. In contrast, the HER2 antibody pertuzumab, which blocks HER2 heterodimerization, inhibited growth induced by heregulin but not AP1510. Lastly, the HER2/EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor lapatinib blocked both homodimer- and heterodimer-induced growth. AP1510 triggered phosphorylation of Erk1/2 but not AKT, whereas trastuzumab inhibited AP1510-induced Erk1/2 phosphorylation and Shc-HER2 homodimer binding, but not TGFα-induced AKT phosphorylation. Consistent with these observations, high levels of HER2 homodimers correlated with longer time to progression following trastuzumab therapy in a cohort of patients with HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. Together, our findings confirm the notion that HER2 oligomeric states regulate HER2 signaling, also arguing that trastuzumab sensitivity of homodimers may reflect their inability to activate the PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/AKT pathway. A clinical implication of our results is that high levels of HER2 homodimers may predict a positive response to trastuzumab.
Equine exuberant granulation tissue and human keloids: A comparative histopathologic study (2013)

Humans and horses are the only mammals known to naturally develop excessive granulation during wound healing; however, similarities and differences between fibroblast populations and associated collagen have not been reported. Inflammatory response may contribute to observed differences in the cellular populations, with EGT possessing markedly increased myofibroblasts, small vessels, and acute inflammatory cells compared with keloids. Further work is warranted to develop common treatment strategies for these fibroproliferative conditions.
Light–matter interaction in a microcavity-controlled graphene transistor (2012)

Graphene has extraordinary electronic and optical properties and holds great promise for applications in photonics and optoelectronics. Demonstrations including high-speed photodetectors, optical modulators, plasmonic devices, and ultrafast lasers have now been reported. More advanced device concepts would involve photonic elements such as cavities to control light-matter interaction in graphene. Here we report the first monolithic integration of a graphene transistor and a planar, optical microcavity. We find that the microcavity-induced optical confinement controls the efficiency and spectral selection of photocurrent generation in the integrated graphene device. A twenty-fold enhancement of photocurrent is demonstrated. The optical cavity also determines the spectral properties of the electrically excited thermal radiation of graphene. Most interestingly, we find that the cavity confinement modifies the electrical transport characteristics of the integrated graphene transistor. Our experimental approach opens up a route towards cavity-quantum electrodynamics on the nanometre scale with graphene as a current-carrying intra-cavity medium of atomic thickness.
Secondary structure of the human growth hormone releasing factor (GRF 1–29) by two‐dimensional <sup>1</sup>H‐nmr spectroscopy (1988)

Abstract The secondary structure of the human growth hormone releasing factor (GRF 1‐29) in a solution mixture of 60% aqueous phosphate buffer:40% 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol‐d 3 has been investigated by two‐dimensional 1 H‐nmr spectroscopy. Sequential resonance assignments and elements of secondary structure were obtained from phase‐sensitive correlation spectroscopy, relayed coherence spectroscopy, and nuclear Overhauser spectroscopy experiments. The observation of a large number of α‐amide and amide‐amide interresidual nuclear Overhauser effect connectivities as well as the existence of 11 slowly exchanging amide protons indicates that the peptide adopts a well‐defined secondary structure most likely constituted of a single long helix. This conclusion is consistent with the CD measurements.
Nanometer resolution imaging and tracking of fluorescent molecules with minimal photon fluxes (2016)

We introduce MINFLUX, a concept for localizing photon emitters in space. By probing the emitter with a local intensity minimum of excitation light, MINFLUX minimizes the fluorescence photons needed for high localization precision. In our experiments, 22 times fewer fluorescence photons are required as compared to popular centroid localization. In superresolution microscopy, MINFLUX attained ~1-nm precision, resolving molecules only 6 nanometers apart. MINFLUX tracking of single fluorescent proteins increased the temporal resolution and the number of localizations per trace by a factor of 100, as demonstrated with diffusing 30<i>S</i> ribosomal subunits in living <i>Escherichia coli</i> As conceptual limits have not been reached, we expect this localization modality to break new ground for observing the dynamics, distribution, and structure of macromolecules in living cells and beyond.
TRAIL Deficient Mice Are Protected from Sugen/Hypoxia Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2014)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive lung disease diagnosed by an increase in pulmonary arterial blood pressure that is driven by a progressive vascular remodelling of small pulmonary arterioles. We have previously reported that tumor necrosis factor apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) protein expression is increased in pulmonary vascular lesions and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) of patients with idiopathic PAH. The addition of recombinant TRAIL induces the proliferation and migration of PASMCs in vitro. TRAIL is required for hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in mice, and blockade of TRAIL prevents and reduces disease development in other rodent models of PAH. Due to the availability of knockout and transgenic mice, murine models of disease are key to further advances in understanding the complex and heterogeneous pathogenesis of PAH. However, murine models vary in their disease severity, and are often criticized for lacking the proliferative pulmonary vascular lesions characteristic of PAH. The murine Sugen-hypoxic (SuHx) mouse model has recently been reported to have a more severe PAH phenotype consisting advanced pulmonary vascular remodelling. We therefore aimed to determine whether TRAIL was also required for the development of PAH in this model. C57BL/6 and TRAIL−/− mice were exposed to normoxia, Sugen5416 alone, hypoxia or both Sugen5416 and hypoxia (SuHx). We report here that SuHx treated C57BL/6 mice developed more severe PAH than hypoxia alone, and that TRAIL−/− mice were protected from disease development. These data further emphasise the importance of this pathway and support the use of the SuHx mouse model for investigating the importance of potential mediators in PAH pathogenesis.