gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards a Software Component Certification Framework (2007)

The growing use of commercial components in large systems makes selection and evaluation of components an essential activity. Many organizations struggle in their attempts to select an appropriate component in their system. In this way, we propose a certification framework to evaluate the quality of software components in an efficient way.
Le Chatelier's Principle (2008)

This chapter contains section titled: Qualitative Interpretation of the Reaction Quotient, Q and the Equilibrium Constant, K Le Chatelier's Principle Effect on an Equilibrium Reaction of Change in Temperature-Qualitative Interpretation Quantitative Thermodynamic Interpretation of Le Chatelier's Principle. Temperature Change Effect on an Equilibrium Reaction of Change in Pressure-Qualitative Interpretation Quantitative Thermodynamic Interpretation of Le Chatelier's Principle. Pressure Change Solubility of Sparingly Soluble Salts, the ‘Common Ion” Effect and Le Chatelier's Principle
Prevention and Treatment of Pediatric Obesity: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline Based on Expert Opinion (2008)

We recommend defining overweight as body mass index (BMI) in at least the 85th percentile but < the 95th percentile and obesity as BMI in at least the 95th percentile against routine endocrine studies unless the height velocity is attenuated or inappropriate for the family background or stage of puberty; referring patients to a geneticist if there is evidence of a genetic syndrome; evaluating for obesity-associated comorbidities in children with BMI in at least the 85th percentile; and prescribing and supporting intensive lifestyle (dietary, physical activity, and behavioral) modification as the prerequisite for any treatment. We suggest that pharmacotherapy (in combination with lifestyle modification) be considered in: 1) obese children only after failure of a formal program of intensive lifestyle modification; and 2) overweight children only if severe comorbidities persist despite intensive lifestyle modification, particularly in children with a strong family history of type 2 diabetes or premature cardiovascular disease. Pharmacotherapy should be provided only by clinicians who are experienced in the use of antiobesity agents and aware of the potential for adverse reactions. We suggest bariatric surgery for adolescents with BMI above 50 kg/m(2), or BMI above 40 kg/m(2) with severe comorbidities in whom lifestyle modifications and/or pharmacotherapy have failed. Candidates for surgery and their families must be psychologically stable and capable of adhering to lifestyle modifications. Access to experienced surgeons and sophisticated multidisciplinary teams who assess the benefits and risks of surgery is obligatory. We emphasize the prevention of obesity by recommending breast-feeding of infants for at least 6 months and advocating that schools provide for 60 min of moderate to vigorous daily exercise in all grades. We suggest that clinicians educate children and parents through anticipatory guidance about healthy dietary and activity habits, and we advocate for restricting the availability of unhealthy food choices in schools, policies to ban advertising unhealthy food choices to children, and community redesign to maximize opportunities for safe walking and bike riding to school, athletic activities, and neighborhood shopping.
Expression pattern of HIV-1 coreceptors on T cells: Implications for viral transmission and lymphocyte homing (1997)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Algorithms for timing requirement analysis and generation (1988)

Timing requirement analysis removes ambiguity from specifications and generates results for use in other simulations of digital systems. It involves construction of a graph representing all constraints between state transitions and the generation of an optimized graph having a maximum number of simultaneous constraints. Optimization involves prioritizing the constraints or searching for a solution which violates no constraints.
Nitrogen and carbon dioxide in the oil field: Stimulation and completion applications (1984)

The use of both nitrogen and carbon dioxide in oil-field stimulation treatments dates back over 20 yr. Early usage was limited, but the past few years have brought about an increase in the use of both, as well as new ''unconventional'' applications of these products.
Preparation and photolysis of poly‐<i>p</i>‐methoxyacrylophenone and its copolymers with styrene and methyl methacrylate (1974)

Abstract Poly‐ p ‐methoxyacrylophenone (PPMeOAP) and its copolymers with styrene (PMe‐OAP–S) and with methyl methacrylate (PMeOAP–MMA) were prepared. The photolysis in solution with 313 and 366 nm radiation was followed viscometrically. In solvents such as chlorobenzene and ethyl benzoate, random main‐chain scission from n –π * excited triplet state occurs. The lowest excited triplet state in formic acid and in ethylene chlorhydrin is of the character π–π * , from which no main‐chain scission occurs. In solvents in which destruction occurs, the main‐chain scission is retarded by triplet quenchers, such as naphthalene, 2,5‐dimethyl‐2,4‐hexadiene, and biphenyl. Quenching experiments indicate that the lifetime for the excited triplet state of PPMeOAP is 25 times that for polyacrylophenone. In PMeOAP–MMA copolymers, quantum yields of main‐chain scissions were lower and lifetimes of excited triplets were longer than in PPMeOAP, due to hindered intramolecular photoreaction.
Liposome oxidation and erythrocyte lysis by enzymically generated superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. (1977)

Xanthine oxidase, acting on acetaldehyde under aerobic conditions, produces a flux of O2- and H2O2 which attacks artificial liposomes and washed human erythrocytes. The liposomes were peroxidized and the erythrocytes suffered oxidation of hemoglobin followed by lysis. The oxidation of hemoglobin followed by lysis. The oxidation of hemoglobin, within the exposed erythrocytes, could be largely prevented by prior conversion to carbon monoxyhemoglobin, without preventing lysis. Hemolysis thus appeared to be a consequence of direct oxidative attack on the cell stroma. The enzyme-generated flux of O2- and of H2O2 also inactivated the xanthine oxidase. Superoxide dismutase or catalase, present in the suspending medium, protected the liposomes against peroxidation, the erythrocytes against lysis, and the xanthine oxidase against inactivation. Scavengers of O2('deltag), such as histidine or 2,5-dimethylfuran, which do not react with O2- or H2O2, also prevented peroxidation of liposomes and lysis of erythrocytes when present at low concentrations. In contrast a scavenger of OH-, such as mannitol was ineffective at low concentrations and provided significant protection only at much higher concentrations. It is proposed that O2- and H2O2 cooperated in producing OH- and O2('deltag), which were the proximate causes of lipid peroxidation and of hemolysis.
HIV-1 Induces Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in the Cervix of Infected Women (1997)

Although T lymphocytes are present in the genital mucosa, their function in sexually transmitted diseases is unproven. To determine if cervical T cells mediate HIV-specific cytolysis, mononuclear cells in cytobrush specimens from HIV-1-infected women were stimulated in vitro with antigen. Resultant cell lines lysed autologous targets expressing HIV-1 proteins in 12/19 (63%) subjects, and these responses were detected intermittently on repeated visits. All 8 subjects with blood CD4+ counts > or =500 cells/microl had HIV-1-specific cervical CTL, whereas only 4/11 with counts <500 cells/microl had detectable responses (P = 0.008). Class II MHC-restricted CD4+ CTL clones lysed targets expressing Env gp41 or infected with HIV-1. Class I MHC-restricted CD8+ clones recognized HIV-1 Gag- or Pol-expressing targets, and the epitopes were mapped to within 9-20 amino acids. Comparisons of intra-individual cervical and blood CTL specificities indicate that epitopes recognized by CTL in the cervix were commonly recognized in the blood. These studies provide the first definitive evidence for an MHC-restricted effector function in human cervical lymphocytes.
Freezing Patterns in Twigs of Evergreen Azalea1 (1974)

Abstract An electrophoretic mobility technique utilizing molecular probes was employed to study the freezing patterns in apical stems of 2 azalea cultivars, Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense (Levi.) Nakai (unnamed clone termed ‘Poukhanense’ herein for convenience) and R . × ‘Maryann’ [ R. indicum × ( R. yedoense var. poukhanense × kaempferi )]. Excised twigs were frozen at 2°C per hr during which current and voltage were measured, and tissue resistance was calculated. As freezing occurred there was a dramatic increase in tissue resistance, indicating that ice quickly filled the extracellular space. This rapid ice formation is a nonequilibrium process independent of temperature change once nucleation has begun. Injury due to the rapid formation of extracellular ice, at temperatures well below the freezing point, may be a factor influencing winter survival.
[Temporary vascular access: from peripheral to central, from temporary to permanent]. (1994)

Temporary vascular access (TVA) is a basic requirement in clinical nephrology. TVA permits immediate and repeated hemodialysis for all type of ESRD patient. Going from peripheral to central and from temporary to permanent angioaccess are the two main trends observed in TVA in contemporary dialysis. Our experience over the last decade illustrates this TVA changes. On the one hand peripheral arterio-venous shunt has been forsaken in favour of percutaneous implanted central venous catheters. On the other hand, two types of central venous catheters have been used covering up our preferences: catheters for short term use (< 7 days) usually via femoral vein and catheters for long term use (7 days to months) mainly via the internal jugular vein. Due to traumatic and/or long term mechanical risks (venous stenosis and/or thrombosis), the subclavian way has been abandoned in our unit. Performances (blood flow rate 250-350 ml/min, recirculation rate 9-12%) obtained in about 1500 patients warranted dialysis efficiency. Traumatic and/or mechanic lesions were the most frequent complications observed with the femoral catheter, while infection remained the most important one associated with the long term use of jugular vein catheters. Therefore, it is clear that over the last decade temporary vascular access was becoming synonymous with percutaneous central venous catheter. Such an approach has greatly simplified the task of physicians while facilitating the management of large uremia treatment program.
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease in a murine model. A gross and microscopic description. (1988)

The C57BL/6J-cpk genetic murine model of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease was examined to gain insight into the pathogenesis of renal cystic disease. Fetal through 3-week-old offspring of heterozygote matings were used to study growth parameters and morphology of this genetic form of cystic disease. The kidneys were examined by light and electron microscopy and nephron segments were microdissected. Two phases of cystic disease development were morphologically identified. The first phase in fetal and newborn affected pups was characterized by proximal tubule enlargement and a general increase in the tubular mitotic index. The proximal tubules showed cytologic abnormalities along with an increased necrotic cell index. The later phase, in one through 3-week-old cystic pups, was characterized by progressive enlargement of the kidneys due mainly to cystic change of the collecting ducts and by development of azotemia. Secondary to the azotemia was a stunted body growth. Significant tubular epithelial hyperplasia was not found by mitotic index during the second phase, but an increase in collecting duct cellularity was present. Histone H4 gene expression, which is tightly coupled to DNA synthesis and thus an index of cell proliferation, showed only a minimal increase in cystic kidneys at 1, 2, and 3 weeks of age. Therefore, the degree of cell proliferation necessary to allow the observed tubular enlargement appears to be minimal.
Gating-Dependent Mechanisms for Flecainide Action in<i>SCN5A</i>-Linked Arrhythmia Syndromes (2001)

We have linked 2 inactivation gating defects ("closed-state" fast inactivation and intermediate inactivation) to flecainide sensitivity in patients carrying LQT3 and Brugada syndrome mutations. These results provide a mechanistic rationale for predicting proarrhythmic sensitivity to flecainide based on the identification of specific SCN5A inactivation gating defects.
Synthesis and insecticidal activities of pyrethroids derived from 3-methyl-2-(3',4'-dihydronaphthyl)butanoic acids (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and insecticidal activities of pyrethroids derived from 3-methyl-2-(3',4'-dihydronaphthyl)butanoic acidsThomas N. WheelerCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1984, 32, 5, 1125–1129Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00125a049https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00125a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views56Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Looking - into the future (2018)

Having to wear reading glasses as you get older may soon be a thing of the past. Helen Gleeson describes her team's research into liquid-crystal contact lenses that will be able to switch focus and restore youthful vision
Genetic Analysis for Virulence Factors in <i>Escherichia coli</i> O104:H21 That Was Implicated in an Outbreak of Hemorrhagic Colitis (2001)

Isolates of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) of serotype O104:H21 implicated in a 1994 outbreak of hemorrhagic colitis in Montana were analyzed for the presence of trait EHEC virulence markers. By using a multiplex PCR that specifically amplifies several genes, the O104:H21 strains were found to carry only the Shiga toxin 2 gene (stx2) and to express Stx2. They did not have the eaeA gene for gamma-intimin, which is typically found in O157:H7, or the alpha- or beta-intimin derivatives, which are common in other EHEC and enteropathogenic E. coli serotypes. Results of the multiplex PCR also indicated that the ehxA gene for enterohemolysin was absent from O104:H21. This, however, was not consistent with the results of a phenotypic assay that showed them to be hemolytic or a PCR analysis with another set of ehxA-specific primers, which indicated the presence of ehxA. To resolve this discrepancy, the ehxA region in O104:H21 and O157:H7 strains, to which the multiplex PCR primers anneal, was cloned and sequenced. Comparison of the sequences showed that the upstream primer binding site in the ehxA gene of O104:H21 was not identical to that of O157:H7. Specifically, there were several base mutations, including an A-to-G substitution at the 3' end of the primer binding site. These base mutations are presumably not unique to O104:H21, since other enterohemolytic serotypes were also not detected with the ehxA primers used in the multiplex PCR. Comparison of the ehxA sequences of O104:H21 strains with those of other Stx-producing E. coli strains showed that they more closely resembled those of O8:H19 strains, which have cluster II ehxA genes, than those of O157:H7 strains, which have cluster I ehxA sequences. By modifying the upstream ehxA primer, the multiplex PCR was able to detect ehxA genes in both O157:H7 and O104:H21 strains.
Substitution in Position 3 of Cyclosporin A Abolishes the Cyclophilin-mediated Gain-of-function Mechanism but Not Immunosuppression (2004)

Binary complex formation between the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A (CsA) and cyclophilin 18 is the prerequisite for the ability of CsA to inhibit the protein phosphatase activity of calcineurin, a central mediator of antigen-receptor signaling. We show here that several CsA derivatives substituted in position 3 can inhibit calcineurin without prior formation of a complex with cyclophilin 18. [Methylsarcosine(3)]CsA was shown to inhibit calcineurin, either in its free form with an IC(50) value of 10 microm, or in its complex form with cyclophilin 18 with an IC(50) of 500 nm. [Dimethylaminoethylthiosarcosine(3)]CsA ([Dat-Sar(3)]CsA) was found to inhibit calcineurin on its own, with an IC(50) value of 1.0 microm, but was not able to inhibit calcineurin after forming the [Dat-Sar(3)]CsA-cyclophilin 18 binary complex. Despite their different inhibitory properties, both CsA and [Dat-Sar(3)]CsA suppressed T cell proliferation and cytokine production mainly through blocking NFAT activation and interleukin-2 gene expression. Furthermore, to demonstrate that [Dat-Sar(3)]CsA can inhibit calcineurin in a cyclophilin-independent manner in vivo, we tested its effect in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain (Delta12), in which all the 12 cyclophilins and FKBPs were deleted. [Dat-Sar(3)]CsA, but not CsA, bypassed the requirement for cellular cyclophilins and caused growth inhibition in the salt-stressed Delta12 strain.
Real-Time Ultra-Low Power ECG Anomaly Detection Using an Event-Driven Neuromorphic Processor (2019)

Accurate detection of pathological conditions in human subjects can be achieved through off-line analysis of recorded biological signals such as electrocardiograms (ECGs). However, human diagnosis is time-consuming and expensive, as it requires the time of medical professionals. This is especially inefficient when indicative patterns in the biological signals are infrequent. Moreover, patients with suspected pathologies are often monitored for extended periods, requiring the storage and examination of large amounts of non-pathological data, and entailing a difficult visual search task for diagnosing professionals. In this work we propose a compact and sub-mW low power neural processing system that can be used to perform on-line and real-time preliminary diagnosis of pathological conditions, to raise warnings for the existence of possible pathological conditions, or to trigger an off-line data recording system for further analysis by a medical professional. We apply the system to real-time classification of ECG data for distinguishing between healthy heartbeats and pathological rhythms. Multi-channel analog ECG traces are encoded as asynchronous streams of binary events and processed using a spiking recurrent neural network operated in a reservoir computing paradigm. An event-driven neuron output layer is then trained to recognize one of several pathologies. Finally, the filtered activity of this output layer is used to generate a binary trigger signal indicating the presence or absence of a pathological pattern. We validate the approach proposed using a Dynamic Neuromorphic Asynchronous Processor (DYNAP) chip, implemented using a standard 180 nm CMOS VLSI process, and present experimental results measured from the chip
RUNX1 is essential for mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation (2014)

Myofibroblasts are a key cell type in wound repair, cardiovascular disease, and fibrosis and in the tumor-promoting microenvironment. The high accumulation of myofibroblasts in reactive stroma is predictive of the rate of cancer progression in many different tumors, yet the cell types of origin and the mechanisms that regulate proliferation and differentiation are unknown. We report here, for the first time to our knowledge, the characterization of normal human prostate-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the TGF-β1-regulated pathways that modulate MSC proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation. Human prostate MSCs combined with prostate cancer cells expressing TGF-β1 resulted in commitment to myofibroblasts. TGF-β1-regulated runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) was required for cell cycle progression and proliferation of progenitors. RUNX1 also inhibited, yet did not block, differentiation. Knockdown of RUNX1 in prostate or bone marrow-derived MSCs resulted in cell cycle arrest, attenuated proliferation, and constitutive differentiation to myofibroblasts. These data show that RUNX1 is a key transcription factor for MSC proliferation and cell fate commitment in myofibroblast differentiation. This work also shows that the normal human prostate gland contains tissue-derived MSCs that exhibit multilineage differentiation similar to bone marrow-derived MSCs. Targeting RUNX1 pathways may represent a therapeutic approach to affect myofibroblast proliferation and biology in multiple disease states.
SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF COMPOUNDS RELATED TO 1-t-BUTYLACETYLENE-2-PHOSPHONIC ACID AND 1-<i>t</i>-BUTYLETHANE-1,2,2-TRIPHOSPHONIC ACID. STERICALLY OVERCROWDED PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS, PART I: (1990)

Abstract I-t-Butylacetylene-2-phosphonic acid diethyl and di-iso-propyl esters, 6a, 6b were synthesized via the NiCl2 promoted MICHAELIS-ARBUZOV-type reactions. Ethyl, iso-propyl and methyl esters 7a–7c of 1-t-butylethane-1,2,2-triphosphonic acid were obtained by three routes including the “anomalous MICHAELIS-BECKER-type” reaction. In addition the parent triphosphonic acid 7d and an anilinium salt 7e were synthesized. These overcrowded molecules exist at ambient temperature in two different rotameric forms.
<i>Cis</i>and<i>trans-acting</i>elements involved in the activation of<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>Al gene encoding the translation elongation factor EF-lα (1991)

In A. thaliana the translation elongation factor EF-1 alpha is encoded by a small multigenic family of four members (A1-A4). The A1 gene promoter has been dissected and examined in a transient expression system using the GUS reporter gene. Deletion analysis has shown that several elements are involved in the activation process. One cis-acting domain, the TEF 1 box, has been accurately mapped 100 bp upstream of the transcription initiation site. This domain is the target for trans-acting factors identified in nuclear extracts prepared from A. thaliana. Homologies are found between the TEF 1 box and sequences present at the same location within the A2, A3 and A4 promoters. This observation, together with those obtained from gel retardation assays performed using DNA fragments from the A4 promoter, suggest that the activation process mediated by the TEF 1 element is conserved among the A. thaliana EF-1 alpha genes. Analysis of nearly full length cDNA clones has shown that in addition to a single intron located within the coding region, the A1 gene contains a second intron located within the 5' non coding region. Such an intron is also present within the A2, A3 and A4 genes. This 5' intervening sequence appears to be essential to obtain a maximum GUS activity driven by the A1 gene promoter.