gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dielectric response measurements in time and frequency domain on high voltage insulation with different response (2002)

Diagnostic measurements of dielectric materials can be performed either in time-domain or frequency-domain. If the dielectric material can be described as a linear system the acquired information in the two domains are in theory equivalent. In time-domain charging/discharging currents and recovery voltage are used and in frequency-domain capacitance and loss factor are measured as a function of frequency. These methods are today used as diagnostic methods for example for high voltage cables, transformers and rotating machines. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the relation between time-domain and frequency domain and how well the different existing measurement methods can characterise a dielectric material depending on the material's response.
Distinct SNARE complexes mediating membrane fusion in Golgi transport based on combinatorial specificity (2002)

Syntaxin-5 (Sed5) is the only syntaxin needed for transport into and across the yeast Golgi, raising the question of how a single syntaxin species could mediate vesicle transport in both the anterograde and the retrograde direction within the stack. Sed5 is known to combine with two light chains (Bos1 and Sec22) to form the t-SNARE needed to receive vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum. However, the yeast Golgi contains several other potential light chains with which Sed5 could potentially combine to form other t-SNAREs. To explore the degree of specificity in the choice of light chains by a t-SNARE, we undertook a comprehensive examination of the capacity of all 21 Sed5-based t-SNAREs that theoretically could assemble in the yeast Golgi to fuse with each of the 7 potential v-SNAREs also present in this organelle. Only one additional of these 147 combinations was fusogenic. This functional proteomic strategy thereby revealed a previously uncharacterized t-SNARE in which Sed5 is the heavy chain and Gos1 and Ykt6 are the light chains, and whose unique cognate v-SNARE is Sft1. Immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed the existence of this complex in vivo. Fusion mediated by this second Golgi SNAREpin is topologically restricted, and existing genetic and morphologic evidence implies that it is used for transport across the Golgi stack. From this study, together with the previous functional proteomic analyses which have tested 275 distinct quaternary SNARE combinations, it follows that the fusion potential and transport pathways of the yeast cell can be read out from its genome sequence according to the SNARE hypothesis with a predictive accuracy of about 99.6%.
Scheduling to minimize maximum earliness and number of tardy jobs where machine idle time is allowed (2003)

We address the bicriteria problem of minimizing the number of tardy jobs and maximum earliness on a single machine where machine idle time is allowed. We show that the problem of minimizing the number of tardy jobs while maximum earliness is kept at its minimum value of zero is polynomially solvable. We present polynomial time algorithms for the maximum earliness problem subject to no tardy jobs and the maximum earliness problem for a given set of tardy jobs. Finally, we discuss the use of the latter algorithm in generating all efficient schedules.
Effect of numerical aperture on interference fringe spacing (1995)

The effect of numerical aperture on the fringe spacing in interferometry is analyzed by the use of wave optics. The results are compared with published experimental results, and the influence of apodization of the wave front is discussed. The effects of central obscuration and surface tilt are also considered.
Factors Predicting Early Mortality in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma, (2011)

Abstract Abstract 3981 Background: Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) can present with life threatening complications including lethal infections during the disease course. The mortality is high during the early period following diagnosis, mostly as a result of complications of the disease or treatment. It is not clear if we can identify patients at the highest risk of early death based on the presenting clinical and laboratory features. Methods: From among 1545 patients seen at our institution between Jan 1999 and Dec 2008, we identified 265 patients who died within 12 months of diagnosis. For each of these patients we identified two “controls” who had at least 12 months of follow up, were alive at the time of last follow up and were closest to the ‘case' patient in terms of time of diagnosis. We performed logistic regression using the clinical and laboratory features, to identify parameters that predict for 12-month mortality and to determine the best cutoffs. Results: This study included 265 patients as cases and 530 controls. The gender distribution was similar in the two groups. We examined the impact of age, performance status (PS), hemoglobin, platelets, serum creatinine, calcium, LDH, albumin, B2M, free light chain difference, plasma cell labeling index, ISS stage, risk category and exposure to novel agents upfront. Based on the results of univariate and then multivariate analysis – age> 72, ECOG PS>2, Calcium >11.3 and ISS stage 3 were found to be significant. We developed the risk score using 1 point for each adverse factor, Age> 72, PS > 2, ISS 3, and Calcium > 11.3. The odds ratio of patients dying in the first year was 2.7, 9.2 and 37 in the presence of one, two and three or more risk factors compared to none of the risk factors. We then looked at the impact of the initial therapy on outcome. 279 patients (35%) received one of the novel agents (thalidomide, lenalidomide or bortezomib) as initial therapy. The odds ratio for dying in the first year was 0.35 for patients receiving a novel agent compared to the rest. The impact of the novel agent was independent of the risk score, with the risk score predicting outcome in both groups. Conclusions: In newly diagnosed MM advanced age, poor performance status, ISS stage and high calcium were associated with early mortality. If eligible all patients should get the benefit of use of novel agent upfront. Identifying these patients at the time of diagnosis is important and should help develop better risk-adapted strategies. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
A comprehensive evolutionary analysis based on nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the alpha- and beta-subunits of glycoprotein hormone gene family (1998)

On the basis of nucleotide sequences of the coding region and their predicted amino acid sequences, 58 glycoprotein hormone subunit genes were compared, aligned and used to construct phylogenetic trees for this family. The analysis included 17 alpha-subunits, eight TSH beta-, six FSH beta-, 17 LH beta/CG beta-, four fish gonadotropin (GTH)-I beta-, five fish GTH-II beta- and one additional fish GTH beta-subunit. The reliability of the phylogenetic trees was probed with the bootstrapping test. Our results indicated that: both the alpha- and beta-subunits of the family diverged from a common ancestral gene about 927 million years ago, the initial precursor of the beta-subunit duplicated to give rise to the LH beta and a second hormone, the latter then duplicating to FSH beta and TSH beta, so that FSH beta is related more to TSH beta than to LH beta; and bony fish GTH-I beta is highly related to mammalian FSH beta, whereas the bony fish GTH-II beta is more related to mammalian LH beta. For scientific consistency and convenience, we propose that the following nomenclature be adopted, all fish gonadotropins of type I be classified as FSH and all type II be classified as LH hormones. In addition, on the basis of results from this and other studies, we propose an evolutionary history for this glycoprotein hormone family. Reconstruction of the evolutionary history of this family would not only provide clues to understanding thyrotropin and gonadotropin functions, but would also allow further revision of the present nomenclature of the gonadotropins in fish.
Determination of the glass transition and nucleation temperatures in Ge2Sb2Te5 sputtered films (2002)

Amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5 films were prepared by rf sputtering from the bulk alloy. Their electrical and optical properties were analyzed using impedance and optical transmission measurements as a function of temperature. From this analysis, it is found that the glass transition temperature of the as-prepared amorphous films is of about 100 °C. This result is confirmed by calorimetric measurements. Impedance and optical measurements in films measured at temperatures between the glass transition and the crystallization temperatures show the appearance of the nucleation centers. Using models for two-phase materials, the electrical parameters of the crystalline and amorphous phases were estimated and related with structural parameters of the samples.
Electric Field Effect Surface Passivation for Silicon Solar Cells (2013)

Effective reduction of front surface carrier recombination is essential for high efficiency silicon solar cells. Dielectric films are normally used to achieve such reduction. They provide a) an efficient passivation of surface recombination and b) an effective anti-reflection layer. The conditions that produce an effective anti-reflection coating are not necessarily the same for efficient passivation, hence both functions are difficult to achieve simultaneously and expensive processing steps are normally required. This can be overcome by enhancing the passivation properties of an anti-reflective film using the electric field effect. Here, we demonstrate that thermally grown silicon dioxide is an efficient passivation layer when chemically treated and electrically charged, and it is stable over a period of ten months. Double layers of SiO 2 and SiN also provided stable and efficient passivation for a period of a year when the sample is submitted to a post-charge anneal. Surface recombination velocity upper limits of 9 cm/s and 19 cm/s were inferred for single and double layers respectively on n-type, 5 Ωcm, Cz-Si.
The Effect of Needle Gauge and Lidocaine pH on Pain During Intradermal Injection (1998)

Local anesthetics can produce pain during skin infiltration.We designed a randomized, prospective trial to determine whether needle gauge and/or solution pH affect pain during the intradermal infiltration of lidocaine. After approval by our institution's human studies review board, 40 healthy adult volunteers gave their consent to participate in this study. All of the volunteers randomly received four intradermal injections. Each volunteer was blinded as to the content of the intradermal injections and to which needle size was used for each injection. Each volunteer randomly received a 0.25-mL intradermal injection of the following four solutions: 1) lidocaine 2% administered through a 25-gauge needle (lido-25); 2) lidocaine 2% mixed with sodium bicarbonate (4 mL of 2% lidocaine plus 1 mL of sodium bicarbonate, pH 7.26) administered through a 25-gauge needle (lido-bicarb-25); 3) lidocaine 2% administered through a 30-gauge needle (lido-30); and 4) lidocaine 2% mixed with sodium bicarbonate (4 mL of 2% lidocaine plus 1 mL of sodium bicarbonate) administered through a 30-gauge needle (lido-bicarb-30). In each patient, the injection site was in the same region for each of the four injections. The skin wheal was tested for appropriate anesthesia using a 19-gauge needle on the skin wheal. A visual analog pain score was recorded after each intradermal injection. The pain scores were significantly higher in the lido-25 (3.2 +/- 0.2) group than in the lido-30 (2.5 +/- 0.3), lido-bicarb-25 (1.9 +/- 0.2), and lido-bicarb-30 (1.3 +/- 0.2) groups. The lido-bicarb-30 injection was also rated as less painful than the lido-30 injection. We found no differences between the lido-bicarb-25 and the lido-bicarb-30 injections. Complete analgesia for the 19-gauge needle pain stimulus was achieved in all patients for each injection. We conclude that, overall, the pain intensity of an intradermal injection of 2% lidocaine is low. The addition of sodium bicarbonate to 2% lidocaine decreases the pain associated with an intradermal skin wheal, and although the use of a 30-gauge needle decreases the pain of injection, the addition of sodium bicarbonate seems to have a greater overall effect than needle size. Implications: Forty volunteers randomly received four intradermal injections consisting of 2% lidocaine with or without sodium bicarbonate via a 25- or 30-gauge needle. The addition of bicarbonate had a greater overall effect than needle size in decreasing the pain associated with the intradermal injection of lidocaine. (Anesth Analg 1998;86:379-81)
Complications of the Attenborough knee replacement (1986)

Of a consecutive series of 144 Attenborough knee replacements, 107 were re-examined between two and six years after operation and revealed a high incidence of complications. Wound problems were common and led to deep infection in four knees. When a patellar implant was used fracture of the patella followed in 17.5% of knees, but when the patella was not resurfaced 16% of knees developed patellofemoral pain of sufficient severity to require a further operation. In 10% of knees, definite loosening of one or both of the major components occurred.
Description of an as Yet Unclassified DNA Virus from Diseased <i>Cyprinus carpio</i> Species (2005)

Numerous deaths of koi and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were observed on many farms throughout Israel, resulting in severe financial losses. The lethal viral disease observed is highly contagious and extremely virulent, but morbidity and mortality are restricted to koi and common carp populations. Diseased fish exhibit fatigue and gasping movements in shallow water. Infected fish had interstitial nephritis and gill necrosis as well as petechial hemorrhages in the liver and other symptoms that were not consistent with viral disease, suggesting a secondary infection. Here we report the isolation of carp nephritis and gill necrosis virus (CNGV), which is the etiologic agent of this disease. The virus propagates and induces severe cytopathic effects by 5 days postinfection in fresh koi or carp fin cell cultures (KFC and CFC, respectively), but not in epithelioma papillosum cyprini cells. The virus harvested from KFC cultures induced the same clinical signs, with a mortality of 75 to 95%, upon inoculation into naive koi and common carp. Using PCR, we provide final proof that the isolated virus is indeed the etiologic agent of food and ornamental carp mortalities in fish husbandry. Electron microscopy revealed viral cores with icosahedral morphology of 100 to 110 nm that resembled herpesviruses. Electron micrographs of purified pelleted CNGV sections, together with viral sensitivities to ether and Triton X-100, suggested that it is an enveloped virus. However, the genome of the isolated virus is a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) molecule of 270 to 290 kbp, which is larger than known herpesviruses. The viral DNA seems highly divergent and bears only small fragments (16 to 45 bp) that are similar to the genomes of several DNA viruses. Nevertheless, amino acid sequences encoded by CNGV DNA fragments bear similarities primarily to members of the Poxviridae and Herpesviridae and to other large dsDNA viruses. We suggest, therefore, that the etiologic agent of this disease may represent an as yet unclassified virus species that is endemic in C. carpio (carp).
Cisplatin down-regulation of cellular Fas-associated death domain-like interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme-like inhibitory proteins to restore tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced apoptosis in human melanoma cells. (2003)

The results presented here indicate that cisplatin inhibits c-FLIP protein expression and phosphorylation to restore TRAIL-induced caspase-8-initiated apoptosis in melanoma cells, thus providing a new combined therapeutic strategy for melanomas.
Stable penalty-based model of frictional contacts (2006)

This paper presents a stable penalty-based model for simulating frictional contacts between many complex objects. The major advantage of our model is that it solves the problems in implementing Coulomb's friction model for computer simulation: iterative computation and slip velocity threshold. We also introduce a robust method for computing the normal vector and penetration depth at each contact point of a pair of interpenetrating polygonal objects. We demonstrate the validity and usability of the model by comparing the simulation results with closed-form solutions of Coulomb's friction model and conventional friction model, as well as performing dynamics simulation of highly complex scenes with tens of objects composed of thousands of polygons
Human salivary tea catechin levels and catechin esterase activities: implication in human cancer prevention studies. (1999)

Because of the possible application of tea in the prevention of oral and esophageal cancers, the salivary levels of tea catechins were determined in six human volunteers after drinking tea. Saliva samples were collected after thoroughly rinsing the mouth with water. After drinking green tea preparations equivalent to two to three cups of tea, peak saliva levels of (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC; 11.7-43.9 microg/ml), EGC-3-gallate (EGCG; 4.8-22 microg/ml), and (-)-epicatechin (EC; 1.8-7.5 microg/ml) were observed after a few minutes. These levels were 2 orders of magnitude higher than those in the plasma. The elimination half-life (t(1/2)) of the salivary catechins was 10-20 min, much shorter than that of the plasma. Holding a tea solution in the mouth for a few minutes without swallowing produced even higher salivary catechin levels, but taking tea solids in capsules resulted in no detectable salivary catechin level. Holding an EGCG solution in the mouth resulted in EGCG and EGC in the saliva and, subsequently, EGC in the urine. The results suggest that EGCG was converted to EGC in the oral cavity, and both catechins were absorbed through the oral mucosa. A catechin esterase activity that converts EGCG to EGC was found in the saliva. The enzyme was likely of human origin, but the activity was not inhibited by common human esterase inhibitor. The present results suggest that slowly drinking tea is a very effective way of delivering rather high concentrations of catechins to the oral cavity and then the esophagus.
A New 2T Contact Coupling Gate MTP Memory in Fully CMOS Compatible Process (2012)

A new fully logic process compatible 2T multitime programmable (MTP) memory cell has been introduced for embedded logic nonvolatile memory (NVM) applications. The cell adopts a novel contact coupling gate structure as an additional control gate for highly efficient operation and high-density memory applications. A new 2T n-channel MTP 2-Kb memory test chip has been also successfully demonstrated on pure 0.18- CMOS logic process without extra masking or process step. Furthermore, the embedded 2T MTP cell performs an efficiently program/erase operation by CHE injection and FN tunnel with highly reliable endurance and retention characteristics.
Adrenocortical carcinoma - a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge (2010)

Adrenal cortical cancer is a rare and aggressive neoplasm with dismal prognostic.Its pathogenesis is still incompletely understood. Most of them seem to be sporadic but there are some hereditary syndromes described in association.There are no specific features that characterize this malignancy. Heterogeneity of clinical, laboratorial, imaging and pathological findings makes this diagnosis a challenge, even to an experient multidisciplinary team.The only chance of cure is still surgery, when a complete resection is possible. There is no medical treatment that convincingly demonstrates optimal results in advanced disease.Progresses will come in the future, from a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of adrenal tumorigenesis.The authors made a review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic, management and prognostic factors aspects and illustrate with two distinct clinical cases.
Plasticizer Retention in PVC Geomembranes (2005)

Plasticizers are used to make PVC flexible so it can be used as a geomembrane for containment purposes. Plasticizers can migrate from PVC geomembranes over time because of contact with air, liquid, and an absorbent solid material. Plasticizer migration can reduce the flexibility of PVC geomembranes. This paper discusses the three mechanisms of plasticizer migration and the factors influencing these mechanisms, such as plasticizer molecular weight and linearity of plasticizers. The paper recommends that a minimum average plasticizer molecular weight of 400 be used to ensure long-term plasticizer retention in the field. The weighted-average method for calculating the average molecular weight is recommended when two or more plasticizers are incorporated into the PVC geomembrane.
Uncooled InSb/In1−<i>x</i>Al<i>x</i>Sb mid-infrared emitter (1994)

Using heterostructures of InSb/In1−xAlxSb, grown by molecular beam epitaxy, diodes have been fabricated which emit at room temperature with a peak wavelength in the range 5.5–5.8 μm and an internal efficiency of 0.2%.
Evaluation of a modified live virus type-1a bovine viral diarrhea virus vaccine (Singer strain) against a type-2 (strain 890) challenge. (2003)

Both type-1 and type-2 bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections are responsible for major losses in the cattle industry. However, several commercial BVDV vaccines contain only a type-1 strain. A vaccine trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of BVDV type-1 (Singer strain; BVDV-1) vaccine for protecting calves challenged with virulent BVDV type-2 (890 strain; BVDV-2). Thirty-eight BVDV-negative calves were randomly allocated to four groups. One group was treated with a modified live virus (MLV) BVDV-1 vaccine by i.m. injection and another group was treated with the same vaccine by s.c. injection. Two groups served as nonvaccinated controls (one i.m. and one s.c.). Twenty-eight days following vaccination, the calves were challenged with BVDV-2 and monitored for 21 days. Clinical scores and body temperatures of vaccinated calves were significantly (P<.05) lower than for controls on several days, and peak differences occurred 8 days after challenge. The control calves had significantly (P<.05) lower leukocyte counts 3 through 8 days after challenge; leukocyte counts for vaccinated animals did not decline significantly from prechallenge levels. There were no differences in protection between the i.m. and s.c. routes of vaccination. The study demonstrated satisfactory cross protection of the BVDV-1 vaccine against BVDV-2 challenge.
L'intégrale de Riemann-Liouville et le problème de Cauchy pour l'équation des ondes (1939)

C'est la notion de la partie finie de certaines intgrales due M. Hadamard qui forme le point de dpart de ces recherches. On connat les applications brillantes la thorie des quations aux drives partielles que M. Hadamard a donnes de la notion qu'il a cre ( 1 ). Chez lui il s'agit surtout d'quations coefficients variables, tandis que la mthode que nous allons dvelopper ne s'applique qu' des quations coefficients constants ( ). En revanche, elle permet de donner pour ces quations une solution du problme de Cauchy qui est la mme pour les dimensions impaires et paires.
Solid Nanoparticles that Catalyze Biofuel Upgrade Reactions at the Water/Oil Interface (2009)

A recoverable catalyst that simultaneously stabilizes emulsions would be highly advantageous in streamlining processes such as biomass refining, in which the immiscibility and thermal instability of crude products greatly complicates purification procedures. Here, we report a family of solid catalysts that can stabilize water-oil emulsions and catalyze reactions at the liquid/liquid interface. By depositing palladium onto carbon nanotube-inorganic oxide hybrid nanoparticles, we demonstrate biphasic hydrodeoxygenation and condensation catalysis in three substrate classes of interest in biomass refining. Microscopic characterization of the emulsions supports localization of the hybrid particles at the interface.