gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A convenient route to heteronaphthacenes (1996)

Abstract Heteronaphthacenes 1 were prepared in two steps from 1,3‐dihydrobenzo[ c ]thiophene 2,2‐dioxide ( 4 ) and dienophiles 2 via convenient high‐temperature Diels‐Alder reactions.
Tryptophan Decarboxylase, Tryptamine, and Reproduction of the Whitefly (1995)

Tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) from Catharanthus roseus (periwinkle) converts tryptophan to the indole-alkaloid tryptamine. When the TDC gene was expressed in transgenic tobacco, the 55-kD TDC enzyme and tryptamine accumulated. Bemisia tabaci (sweetpotato whitefly) reproduction on transgenic plants decreased up to 97% relative to controls. Production of tryptamine, its derivatives, or other products resulting from TDC activity may discourage whitefly reproduction and provide a single-gene-based plant protection strategy.
A Mucosal Subunit Vaccine Protects against Lethal Respiratory Infection with Francisella tularensis LVS (2012)

Francisella tularensis (FT) is a highly virulent pathogen for humans and other mammals. Severe morbidity and mortality is associated with respiratory FT infection and there are concerns about intentional dissemination of this organism. Therefore, FT has been designated a category A biothreat agent and there is a growing interest in the development of a protective vaccine. In the present study, we determine the protective potential of a subunit vaccine comprised of the FT heat shock protein DnaK and surface lipoprotein Tul4 against respiratory infection with the live vaccine strain (LVS) of FT in mice. First, we establish an optimal intranasal immunization regimen in C57BL/6 mice using recombinant DnaK or Tul4 together with the adjuvant GPI-0100. The individual immunization regimens induced robust salivary IgA, and vaginal and bronchoalveolar IgA and IgG antigen-specific antibodies. Serum IgG1 and IgG2c antibody responses were also induced, indicative of a mixed type 2 and type 1 response, respectively. Next, we show that immunization with DnaK and Tul4 induces mucosal and systemic antibody responses that are comparable to that seen following immunization with each antigen alone. This immunization regimen also induced IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-17A production by splenic CD4(+) T cells in an antigen-specific manner. Importantly, over 80% of the mice immunized with DnaK and Tul4, but not with each antigen alone, were protected against a lethal respiratory challenge with FT LVS. Protection correlated with reduced bacterial burden in the lung, liver and spleen of mice. This study demonstrates the potential of DnaK and Tul4 as protective antigens and lends support to the notion of combining distinct, immunodominant antigens into an effective multivalent tularemia vaccine.
The electromagnetic blood flowmeter (1968)

The electromagnetic blood flowmeter is an important tool with both medical research and clinical applications. Its principles and development are reviewed; the subjects discussed include head design, transformer e.m.fs, catheter devices, electronic systems, baseline stability, calibration and commercial instruments.
Cascade Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol. (2014)

CO2 is an abundant C1 building block that has the potential to be utilized in the synthesis of many commodity chemicals and fuels that are currently derived from fossil feedstocks. Methanol in particular is produced annually on a multimillion metric ton scale, primarily from CO/H2 at elevated temperatures (240–260 ºC). However, because the hydrogenation of CO2 is entropically unfavorable, the ability to operate at lower reaction temperatures is expected to lead to an overall higher theoretical yield of methanol. Herein we report the use of homogeneous catalysts in tandem for the hydrogenation of CO2 to CH3OH at substantially lower temperatures (135 ºC). Chapter 2 details the first system established for the direct homogeneous hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to methanol. A combination of ruthenium and scandium catalysts is employed to undergo the one pot stepwise reduction of CO2 to formic acid, methyl formate, and finally methanol. Incompatibilities between catalysts and cascade system components are introduced and are further evaluated in detail in later chapters. Chapter 3 describes potential deactivation pathways involving components of the cascade system with the Ru pincer ester hydrogenation catalyst applied in the cascade system. A new mode of activation of CO2 and carbonyl compounds (esters, ketones, and aldehdyes) by this Ru pincer complex is discussed. Additionally, the relevance of these organometallic compounds under cascade catalysis conditions is studied. Chapter 4 explores the idea of using a single catalyst for the cascade conversion of CO2 to CH3OH. A Ru pincer complex is tested for the CO2 conversion to formate salts where the mechanism is investigated and catalytic conditions are established. Furthermore, these conditions are applied to a second-generation cascade system comprised of formate salt and amide intermediates, where the later is reduced to CH3OH using a single catalyst. Chapter 5 describes the application of heterogeneous catalysis for low temperature CO2 conversion to methanol in the ester intermediate cascade system. In order to enhance the rate of the slow step while using heterogeneous catalysts at lower temperatures, homogeneous catalysts are added to the tandem system. Previously reported heterogeneous catalysts are explored, in addition to unprecedented Mo2C based catalysts.
Mismatch Cleavage Detects Base Deletion in Cystic Fibrosis Gene (1998)

The delta F508 is the most common defect in the cystic fibrosis (CF) gene; it involves in a 3-base deletion in codon 508 and results in the loss of a phenylalanine residue at amino acid position 508. Our previous results have shown the mismatch enzyme cleavage at the mismatch of a DNA duplex in identifying a specific DNA sequence or a point mutation. The assay is simple and reliable. By manipulating the melting temperature (Tm) for the hybrids of the DNA targets and the deoxynucleotide probes, the mismatch cleavage assays are able to detect the most common defective CF gene, delta F508. The assays with a delta F508 and a normal wild-type probe can differentiate the three genotypes, i.e., delta F508/delta F508, delta F508/normal and normal/normal. Furthermore, the addition of ammonium acetate amplifier to the assay for recycling the target DNA can increase the sensitivity to a level that is sufficient to detect the mutated target in a few micrograms of genomic DNA without the aid of PCR amplification. The detection of the base deletion, the amplification of sensitivity and the differentiation among the genotypes of normal, carrier delta F508 and mutant delta F508 suggest the useful application of mismatch cleavage in genetic diagnosis at the DNA level.
Nitric oxide mediates interleukin‐1 induced inhibition of glycosaminoglycan synthesis in rat articular cartilage (1995)

Interleek-1beta (IL-1) is a key mediator of cartilage matrix degradation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It was found that the IL-1-induced suppression of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis in rat articular cartilage occurred simultaneously with the accumulation of nitrite (a metabolite of nitric oxide (NO) in aqueous milieu) in the culture medium. NO-synthase inhibitors, L-NMMA and L-NIO, inhibited both these IL-1 effects. Dexamethasone suppressed GAG synthesis additively to IL-1, but did not alter nitrite accumulation. Three NO-donors (GEA 3175, SNAP and SIN-1) also had an inhibitory effect on cartilage GAG synthesis. Therefore, it is concluded that IL-1 induced suppression of GAG synthesis in rat articular cartilage is mediated by the production of NO.
Treatment of canine cyclic neutropenia by lentivirus-mediated G-CSF delivery (2003)

Cyclic neutropenia is a rare disease that occurs both in humans and gray collie dogs and is characterized by recurrent severe neutropenia leading to bacterial infections and shortened life expectancy. Daily injections of recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF) are effective in shortening the period of severe neutropenia and reducing infections. After demonstrating that rG-CSF induced elevated neutrophil production in an affected dog, cytokine administration was stopped and 109 infectious units (IUs) of a lentivirus pseudotyped with vesicular stomatitis virus G protein (VSV-G) encoding canine G-CSF cDNA was administered intramuscularly. Serial blood cell counts showed elevated neutrophil production for longer than 17 months. Although neutrophil counts continued to cycle, the range at nadirs was from 3710 to 5300 cells/microL, well above the nadirs before lentivirus administration. After the injection of lentivirus, mean neutrophil counts +/- SD were 12 460 +/- 4240 cells/microL, significantly increased over both pretreatment values of 3040 +/- 2540 cells/microL(P <.0001) and neutrophil counts during G-CSF administration of 10 290 +/- 4860 cells/microL(P <.007). The changes in blood counts from lentivirus injection were associated with absence of clinical signs of infection and fever. The gray collie continued to gain weight and was no longer housed in a pathogen-free environment. Genomic DNA from muscle at injection sites was positive for provirus, whereas gonad, lung, spleen, heart, liver, kidney, leukocytes, and noninjected muscle samples were all negative for provirus. Thus, intramuscular administration of lentivirus encoding G-CSF provided sustained therapeutic levels of neutrophils, suggesting this approach may be applied for long-term treatment of patients with cyclic and other neutropenias.
Principles of geophysics (1997)

PrefaceSolid earth geophysics: what, why and how?Gross properties of the EarthGeochronologyGravityHeat flow and geothermicsMagnetismPaleomagnetismTravel time seismologySeismic waves and other mechanical topicsGlobal gravity and geodynamicsOrigin of the planets
Nonresponse Bias (GESIS Survey Guidelines) (2015)

Nonresponse ist eine Fehlerquelle in Umfragen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird das Konzept des Nonresponse bias erläutert und der Zusammenhang zwischen Response rate und Nonresponse bias diskutiert. Verschiedene Methoden zur Bestimmung von Nonresponse bias werden vorgestellt und es wird erörtert, wie dem Problem des Nonresponse bias bei der Datenerhebung begegnet werden kann.
Morphology Control of Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Using Organic-Templating Approach (2011)

The discovery of nanostructured carbon materials such as fullerenes In particular, porous carbonaceous materials have been attracting much attention because of their high surface area, large pore volume, chemical inertness, and high mechanical stability. Porous carbons show promise in the fields of hydrogen-storage, catalysis, separation, nanoreactors, electrochemistry, and biochemical engineering. Traditional synthesis methods, which involve carbonization of activated carbon (Marsh et al.,
Evaluation and perturbation of micelle-solute interactions (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvaluation and perturbation of micelle-solute interactionsDaniel W. Armstrong and Gail Y. StineCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 20, 6220–6223Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00358a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00358a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views105Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Using a One-Chip Microprocessor for TV Tuning and Remote Control (1978)

While many types of electronic tuning systems have been suggested and tried and several are being produced and sold, all have been custom designs; dedicated I.C.'s having long design cycles and costly tooling. By the time the TV manufacturer receives the first sample custom I.C.'s he may discover that the features originally proposed are no longer popular. The long-term investment, however, forces him to go into production with an obsolete design.
The problem with price comparison (2012)

Transfer pricing relies on the application of the arm's length principle. In broad terms, this is applied by testing the pricing policy used for transactions between associated enterprises against the pricing policy between unrelated third parties. Where the taxpayer enters into substantively similar transactions between associated enterprises and unrelated entities, it can be possible to directly compare the prices applied (provided all the comparability criteria are met); however, this is very rare and the incidence of using this basis of comparability is low.
Composition of database relations (2003)

The authors argue for implementing composition as a primitive operation and present a single-sided composition algorithm that performs join protection and duplicate elimination as one unified operation. They report experimental results that show an operating region in which this algorithm outperforms composition by the standard method. This operating region is characterized by a join result many times larger than the source relations, and many duplicates after projection over the nonjoin attributes. This occurs, for example, in deductive databases when computing transitive closures of dense graphs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ultra-low Loss CMOS Compatible Multi-Layer Si3N4-on-SOI Platform for 1310nm Wavelength (2015)

We demonstrated the applications of our Si3N4-on-SOI platform for O-band operation with propagation and interlayer transition loss of ~0.24dB/cm and ~0.2dB, respectively. We also characterized our SOI-based Ge photo-detector and silicon modulator at λ= 1310nm.
End-to-end Speech Recognition with Adaptive Computation Steps (2018)

In this paper, we present Adaptive Computation Steps (ACS) algo-rithm, which enables end-to-end speech recognition models to dy-namically decide how many frames should be processed to predict a linguistic output. The model that applies ACS algorithm follows the encoder-decoder framework, while unlike the attention-based mod-els, it produces alignments independently at the encoder side using the correlation between adjacent frames. Thus, predictions can be made as soon as sufficient acoustic information is received, which makes the model applicable in online cases. Besides, a small change is made to the decoding stage of the encoder-decoder framework, which allows the prediction to exploit bidirectional contexts. We verify the ACS algorithm on a Mandarin speech corpus AIShell-1, and it achieves a 31.2% CER in the online occasion, compared to the 32.4% CER of the attention-based model. To fully demonstrate the advantage of ACS algorithm, offline experiments are conducted, in which our ACS model achieves an 18.7% CER, outperforming the attention-based counterpart with the CER of 22.0%.
Prevalence of Bipolar Depression (2003)

Recent data indicate that bipolar illness is underdiagnosed and therefore undertreated in the community (Slide 1). A recent survey of >85,000 households in the United States found a 3.7% positive screen for prominent bipolar symptomatology. Using the Mood Disorder Questionnaire, which has good specificity and sensitivity in outpatient clinics, the study also found that the prevalence was higher, 9.3%, among patients 18–24 years of age. However, most disappointing was that only 20% of the positive screens were diagnosed as bipolar, and among those, most were not treated with mood stabilizers. In addition, 31% of patients had been diagnosed with unipolar depression. Several studies have shown that approximately 20% to 40% of presumptively unipolar patients actually have bipolar II or bipolar disorder not otherwise specified. Combined, the data show that bipolar disorder, bipolar depression in particular, is highly prevalent and often misdiagnosed or unrecognized. Two recent studies found virtually the same data showing that depression is the predominant problem in naturalistically treated bipolar outpatients. Judd and colleagues found that depression was three times more prevalent than mania in bipolar patients. This is exactly what was found in the Stanley Foundation bipolar outpatient follow-up study, which rated the study's first 258 patients every day for 1 year (Slide 2). The study found that patients were ill almost 50% of the time; they were depressed 33% of the days in the year, and hypomanic or manic 10.8% of the days. This occurred despite aggressive treatment with a variety of agents, such as mood stabilizers, antidepressants, and benzodiazepines in 50% of the patients, and typical or atypical neuroleptics in almost 50% of the patients. Thus, even bipolar patients who are intensively treated in academic settings have a very substantial degree of morbidity, particularly depression.
Internationalization support in Java (1997)

This article presents new technology in Java that gives developers the power to produce commercial-grade internationalized software. The Java environment, that is, the Java programming language, VirtualMachine, and Java Development Kit (JDK), provides a more elegant, robust, comprehensive scheme for creating global software than any other platform in widespread use today.
Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Fragile X Syndrome (2011)

Recent advances in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to fragile X syndrome (FXS) have increased optimism that drug interventions can provide significant therapeutic benefits. FXS results from inadequate expression of functional fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). FMRP may have several functions, but it is most well-established as an RNA binding protein that regulates translation, and it is thought that by this mechanism FMRP is capable of affecting numerous cellular processes by selectively regulating protein levels. The multiple cellular functions regulated by FMRP suggest that multiple interventions may be required for reversing the effects of deficient FMRP. Evidence that inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) may contribute to the therapeutic treatment of FXS is reviewed here. Lithium, a GSK3 inhibitor, improved function in the Drosophila model of FXS. In mice lacking FMRP expression (FX mice), GSK3 is hyperactive in several brain regions. Significant improvements in several FX-related phenotypes have been obtained in FX mice following the administration of lithium, and in some case other GSK3 inhibitors. These responses include normalization of heightened audiogenic seizure susceptibility and of hyperactive locomotor behavior, enhancement of passive avoidance learning retention and of sociability behaviors, and corrections of macroorchidism, neuronal spine density, and neural plasticity measured electrophysiologically as long term depression. A pilot clinical trial of lithium in patients with FXS also found improvements in several measures of behavior. Taken together, these findings indicate that lithium and other inhibitors of GSK3 are promising candidate therapeutic agents for treating FXS.
[Diagnostics and prediction of development of pulmonary complications in acute myocardial infarction (morphological validation of the use of non-invasive investigational methods]. (2002)

With the aid of gaschromatographic techniques a fatty-acid composition was studied of lipids of the expired air condensate and sweat of patients in uncomplicated/complicated course of acute myocardial infarction versus morphological changes in the blood-air barrier. The complicated course of the condition vs uncomplicated one has been found out to be accompanied by a significant increase in the lipid content of the polyunsaturated fatty acids--linoleic and arachidonic acids--in the studied biological objects, which fact can be used in diagnosis and prognostication of development of complications in the acute period of myocardial infarction.
Bacterial protein signals are associated with Crohn’s disease (2014)

This study provides the first evidence that quantifiable bacterial protein signals are associated with CD, which can have a profound impact on future molecular diagnosis.
Wider and Deeper, Cheaper and Faster: Tensorized LSTMs for Sequence Learning (2017)

Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is a popular approach to boosting the ability of Recurrent Neural Networks to store longer term temporal information. The capacity of an LSTM network can be increased by widening and adding layers. However, usually the former introduces additional parameters, while the latter increases the runtime. As an alternative we propose the Tensorized LSTM in which the hidden states are represented by tensors and updated via a cross-layer convolution. By increasing the tensor size, the network can be widened efficiently without additional parameters since the parameters are shared across different locations in the tensor; by delaying the output, the network can be deepened implicitly with little additional runtime since deep computations for each timestep are merged into temporal computations of the sequence. Experiments conducted on five challenging sequence learning tasks show the potential of the proposed model.
Tumor cell recognition by γδ T lymphocytes (2013)

The dissection of the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor-cell recognition by γδ T-cells is crucial to improve their performance in cancer immunotherapy. Here, we discuss the controversy around the relative contributions of the γδ T-cell receptor (TCR) and natural killer receptors (NKRs) to tumor-cell targeting by γδ T cells.
TURN, TURN, TURN : WHEEL-SPEED DEAD RECKONING FOR VEHICLE NAVIGATION (2005)

This article outlines the use of individual wheel speed sensors used to determine dead reckoning in in-vehicle navigation systems (IVNS). This technology, which is capable of determining the vehicle’s position through adjustment from the Global Positioning System (GPS)-located starting position, is useful for situations in which GPS signals are obstructed by tunnels or buildings. Dead reckoning uses differencing in measurements from the right and left wheels which, when coupled with speed and odometer data, can locate the vehicle precisely using stored cartographic data. The independent wheel-speed sensors (WSS) are a primary component of antilock brake systems (ABS) that generate electrical pulses. These pulses are proportional to the rotation rates of each wheel, which then deliver these signals to the ABS controller. WSS can be either passive or active types. Active WSS are based on Hall-effect transducers using an active magnetic pickup which converts the wheel motion into an electrical signal, while passive sensors use the principle of variable reluctance which counts sensor teeth traveling through a passive magnetic field at such a speed as to produce a low voltage analog waveform. These sensors also cope for wheel slippage and tire size variability when producing spatial data for the user. This new technology, used in tests in Chicago and Detroit, has shown that 2D position errors were significantly reduced and fix density in difficult environments was improved to 100 percent.