gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Closeness: A New Privacy Measure for Data Publishing (2009)

The k-anonymity privacy requirement for publishing microdata requires that each equivalence class (i.e., a set of records that are indistinguishable from each other with respect to certain “identifying” attributes) contains at least k records. Recently, several authors have recognized that k-anonymity cannot prevent attribute disclosure. The notion of ℓ-diversity has been proposed to address this; ℓ-diversity requires that each equivalence class has at least ℓ well-represented (in Section 2) values for each sensitive attribute. In this paper, we show that ℓ-diversity has a number of limitations. In particular, it is neither necessary nor sufficient to prevent attribute disclosure. Motivated by these limitations, we propose a new notion of privacy called “closeness.” We first present the base model t-closeness, which requires that the distribution of a sensitive attribute in any equivalence class is close to the distribution of the attribute in the overall table (i.e., the distance between the two distributions should be no more than a threshold t). We then propose a more flexible privacy model called (n,t)-closeness that offers higher utility. We describe our desiderata for designing a distance measure between two probability distributions and present two distance measures. We discuss the rationale for using closeness as a privacy measure and illustrate its advantages through examples and experiments.
Characteristics of a Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody to the HIV Envelope Glycoprotein (1988)

We have studied the biologic and physical properties of a monoclonal antibody that binds to gp120, the exterior envelope glycoprotein of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) strain HTLV-IIIB. Designated 9284, the antibody possesses viral neutralizing activity and inhibits syncytium formation by infected cells. The antibody recognized a region of the polypeptide backbone previously described as an important neutralizing epitope. This region lies 307-330 residues from amino terminus of the glycoprotein. We have compared the biologic and physical properties of this antibody to those of the recently described 0.5 beta monoclonal antibody to gp120. The 0.5 beta antibody was biologically more potent and bound an epitope slightly downstream to that of the 9284 antibody. The antibodies did not differ significantly in their affinity for gp120. In competition studies, the 0.5 beta antibody was displaced by the 9284 antibody, but the binding of the latter was unaffected by 0.5 beta.
Assessment of myocardial performance with ventricular pressure-volume relations: clinical applications in cardiac surgery. (2000)

The assessment of myocardial performance in patients with cardiomyopathy is of vital importance in cardiology and cardiac surgery, especially considering the significant increase in the number of patients treated for congestive heart failure. Left ventricular pressure-volume analysis is a method, which can assess accurately myocardial contractility, separating the systolic and diastolic function at different preload and afterload conditions. This technique can be used for determination of the efficacy of a therapeutic pharmaceutical or surgical intervention, for instance the assessment of ventricular function after coronary revascularization. A few studies using the conductance catheter for the analysis of ventricular pressure-volume relations in the field of cardiac surgery have been published. In our center we started to use this technique to analyze cardiac surgical procedures, like mitral valve reconstruction, aortic valve replacement, myocardial revascularization, left ventricular assist, and surgical left ventricular remodeling. This information will be used to develop a therapeutic strategy, which may optimize surgical indications and improve the peri- and postoperative treatment and the efficacy of that surgical technique. In this short review the possible clinical use in cardiac surgery and the methodology of the pressure-volume loops have been described. Three clinical cases are presented to demonstrate functional information related to the surgical treatment of congestive heart failure patients.
Causal Model for Air Transport Safety: Final report (2008)

Quantification 61 4.1 Requirement 61 4.2 An Example ESD 61 4.3 Barrier Model 62 4.4 Causes of Barrier Failure 63 4.5 Causal Data 63 4.6 Fault Tree Model 64 4.7 Event Contributions 66 4.8 Case-Specific Modifications 67 4.9 Uncertainties 70 4.10 Dependencies 72 4.11 Validation 72 5 Human performance models 5.1 FLIGHT CREW model 5.2 Linking with other parts of the CATS model 5.3 Human performance and CATS 6 Safety Management quantification 6.1 Tasks 6.2 Deliveries 6.3 Technical model of CATS and the integration of management into CATS 6.4 Analysis of accident and incident data for management factors 6.5 Quantifying management factors in CATS 6.6 Additional observations 6.7 Use of inspection data 6.8 Management in CATS 7 Consequences 7.1 Requirement 7.2 Consequence Types 7.3 Aircraft Damage Profile 7.4 Fatal Accident Probability 7.5 Fatal Accident Frequency 7.6 On-Board Fatality Profile 7.7 Consequence Factor Model 7.8 Overall Accident Costs 8 Validation 8.1 Verification 8.2 Calibration 8.3 Face validity 8.4 Validation 8.5 Case validity 8.6 Sensitivity analysis 8.7 Convergent validity 8.8 Scientific Peer Review 9 User wishes 10 Conclusion 10.1 Uncertainty 10.2 Care 10.3Further work 10.4 Finally
Tools for placing cuts and transitions in interview video (2012)

We present a set of tools designed to help editors place cuts and create transitions in interview video. To help place cuts, our interface links a text transcript of the video to the corresponding locations in the raw footage. It also visualizes the suitability of cut locations by analyzing the audio/visual features of the raw footage to find frames where the speaker is relatively quiet and still. With these tools editors can directly highlight segments of text, check if the endpoints are suitable cut locations and if so, simply delete the text to make the edit. For each cut our system generates visible (e.g. jump-cut, fade, etc.) and seamless, hidden transitions. We present a hierarchical, graph-based algorithm for efficiently generating hidden transitions that considers visual features specific to interview footage. We also describe a new data-driven technique for setting the timing of the hidden transition. Finally, our tools offer a one click method for seamlessly removing 'ums' and repeated words as well as inserting natural-looking pauses to emphasize semantic content. We apply our tools to edit a variety of interviews and also show how they can be used to quickly compose multiple takes of an actor narrating a story.
Iron Regulator Hepcidin Exhibits Antiviral Activity against Hepatitis C Virus (2012)

Hepatitis C viral infection affects 170 million people worldwide. It causes serious chronic liver diseases. HCV infection has been implicated in iron accumulation in the liver and iron overload has been shown to be a potential cofactor for HCV associated hepatocellular carcinoma progression. The underlying mechanisms are not understood. Human hepcidin, a 25 amino acid peptide mainly produced by hepatocytes, is a key regulator of iron metabolism. Alteration of hepcidin expression levels has been reported in the setting of chronic HCV infection and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study, we aim to examine the interactions between HCV infection and hepcidin expression in liver cells. We found that hepcidin expression was suppressed in HCV infected cells. The suppressive effect appears to be regulated by histone acetylation but not DNA methylation. Moreover, we found that hepcidin had a direct antiviral activity against HCV replication in cell culture. The antiviral effect is associated with STAT3 activation. In conclusion, hepcidin can induce intracellular antiviral state while HCV has a strategy to suppress hepcidin expression. This may be a novel mechanism by which HCV circumvents hepatic innate antiviral defense.
Exploring the wound healing, anti-inflammatory, anti-pathogenic and proteomic effects of lactic acid bacteria on keratinocytes (2020)

The topical application of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is recognized as a useful approach to improve skin health. This work aims to characterize by a multidisciplinary approach, the wound healing, anti-inflammatory, anti-pathogens and proteomic effects of six LAB lysates, belonging to the genus Lactobacillus. Our results demonstrated that the lysates of tested LAB stimulated the proliferation of keratinocytes, and that L. plantarum SGL 07 and L. salivarius SGL 19 accelerated the re-epithelization by inducing keratinocyte migration. The bacterial lysates also reduced the secretion of specific pro-inflammatory mediators from keratinocytes. Furthermore, viable L. salivarius SGL 19 and L. fermentum SGL 10 had anti-pathogenic effects against S. aureus and S. pyogenes, while L. brevis SGL 12 and L. paracasei SGL 04 inhibited S. aureus and S. pyogenes, respectively. The tested lactobacilli lysates also induced specific proteome modulation of the exposed keratinocytes, involving dysregulation of proteins (such as interleukin enhancer-binding factor 2 and ATP-dependent RNA helicase) and pathways (such as cytokine, NF-kB, Hedgehog, and RUNX signaling) associated with their specific wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects. This study indicates the different potential of selected lactobacilli, suggesting that they may be successfully used in the future together with conventional therapies to bring relief from skin disorders.
BiGGEsTS: integrated environment for biclustering analysis of time series gene expression data (2009)

BiGGEsTS is a free open source graphical software tool for revealing local coexpression of genes in specific intervals of time, while integrating meaningful information on gene annotations. It is freely available at: http://kdbio.inesc-id.pt/software/biggests. We present a case study on the discovery of transcriptional regulatory modules in the response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to heat stress.
Maximum-likelihood CFO estimation for MIMO/OFDM uplink using superimposed trainings (2010)

We address the problem of superimposed training (ST)-based maximum-likelihood (ML) carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation for multiple-input multiple-output/orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO/OFDM) systems. With the specifically designed training signals, the effect due to the unknown information sequence is fully cancelled in time-domain and, the CFO estimation is performed by using one pilot sample of each distinct user. We also present a performance analysis of the CFOs estimation and derive an approximated closed-form CFO estimation variance. It is shown that with the judiciously designed training sequences, the performance of the proposed ST based-ML CFO estimator approaches the Cramer-Rao bound for high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) scenario. Simulation results illustrate the merits of the proposed approach.
Boron-11 nuclear magnetic resonance study of the reactions of 2-functionalized pyridines with borane–tetrahydrofuran and –dimethyl sulphide. Formation of borinic estes and N → B bond energy differences in five- and six-membered ring borates (1988)

A 11B n.m.r. study of the reactivity of 2-substituted pyridines containing carboxy, acyl, and hydroxy groups with borane–tetrahydrofuran (BH3·THF) and BH3·Me2S showed that pyridines behave differently from their aliphatic analogues. The formation of stable borinic esters was observed. Variable-temperature n.m.r. data allowed us to calculate that five-membered Bâ†�N co-ordinated heterocycles are 28 kJ mol–1 more stable than six-membered ones.
Bromohydrin formation in dimethyl sulfoxide (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBromohydrin formation in dimethyl sulfoxideDavid R. Dalton, Ved P. Dutta, and Daniel G. JonesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 20, 5498–5501Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01022a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01022a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2331Altmetric-Citations159LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dissemination of invasive <i>Salmonella</i> via bacterial-induced extrusion of mucosal epithelia (2010)

Salmonella enterica is an intracellular bacterial pathogen that resides and proliferates within a membrane-bound vacuole in epithelial cells of the gut and gallbladder. Although essential to disease, how Salmonella escapes from its intracellular niche and spreads to secondary cells within the same host, or to a new host, is not known. Here, we demonstrate that a subpopulation of Salmonella hyperreplicating in the cytosol of epithelial cells serves as a reservoir for dissemination. These bacteria are transcriptionally distinct from intravacuolar Salmonella. They are induced for the invasion-associated type III secretion system and possess flagella; hence, they are primed for invasion. Epithelial cells laden with these cytosolic bacteria are extruded out of the monolayer, releasing invasion-primed and -competent Salmonella into the lumen. This extrusion mechanism is morphologically similar to the process of cell shedding required for turnover of the intestinal epithelium. In contrast to the homeostatic mechanism, however, bacterial-induced extrusion is accompanied by an inflammatory cell death characterized by caspase-1 activation and the apical release of IL-18, an important cytokine regulator of gut inflammation. Although epithelial extrusion is obviously beneficial to Salmonella for completion of its life cycle, it also provides a mechanistic explanation for the mucosal inflammation that is triggered during Salmonella infection of the gastrointestinal and biliary tracts.
Novel microspectrophotometer and its biomedical applications (1993)

A novel method to combine a microscope and an optical multichannel analyzer (OMA) into a microspectrophotometer (MSP) system is presented. In this system, an optical fiber was mounted into the image plane of the microscope both to collect light from the microscope and transmit it to the OMA for spectral analysis, as well as to conduct light in the reverse direction into the microscope for alignment purposes. The system is easy to construct, is simple to use, and has a higher spectral resolution than conventional MSPs without increasing the acquisition time. Its sensitivity depends on the photodetector used in the OMA. For the two application examples presented, (1) absorbance spectrum measurements of cytoplasm and nuclear areas of Papanicolaou-stained cervical cells and (2) autofluorescence spectrum measurements of different locations of unstained and unfixed skin tissue sections, this system was found to possess adequate sensitivity.
Critical Literature Review of the Kinetics for the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane over Well-Defined Supported Vanadium Oxide Catalysts (2014)

Producing propene by the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (ODH) has become an attractive and feasible route for bridging the propene production-demand gap, either as a complementary route of the existing oil-based processes or as a new alternative from propane separated from natural gas. The industrial application of propane ODH has not succeeded so far due to low propene yields. Therefore, propane ODH has been extensively investigated in recent decades using different catalysts and reaction conditions. Although several important aspects have been discussed in previous reviews (e.g., supported vanadium oxide catalysts, bulk catalysts, productivity toward propene, etc.), other relevant aspects have not been addressed (e.g., support effects, loading effects, vanadia precursor or catalyst synthesis methods, surface impurities, structure–reactivity relationships, etc.). In this review, we endeavor to cover the majority of the publications with an emphasis on the following: (1) catalyst synthesis: to focus on the influence of synthesis methods on the final vanadium oxide surface species, (2) catalyst characterization: to identify the molecular structures of the supported vanadium oxide species as well as the oxide support surface physical and chemical characteristics, (3) kinetics: to understand how reaction rates depend on variables such as concentration of gas-phase reactants and temperature, (4) structure–activity relationship: to examine the influence of the concentration as well as molecular structures of the surface vanadium oxide species on the reaction kinetics, and (5) reaction mechanism: to use the structure–activity relationships as well as kinetic studies plus theoretical calculations to corroborate and/or propose reaction pathways that account for the overall ODP reaction mechanism.
ß-Amyloid Precursor Protein — Role in Cognitive Brain Function? (1997)

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by loss of higher brain functions and appearance of specific pathological lesions such as neurofibrillary tangles, ß-amyloid plaques and neuronal degeneration. As ß-amyloid generation and accumulation occur very early in the disease process the fate and role of its precursor proteins (ß-APPs) is important for understanding AD pathogenesis. The primary structure of ß-APP resembles glycosylated cell surface proteins (Kang et al., 1987) and they can be proteolyzed in two different ways giving rise either to extracellular secreted C-terminal truncated molecules or to the ß-amyloid peptide (Haass and Selkoe, 1993). Different length isoforms of ß-APP are derived from alternative NA splicing (ß-APP695, ß-APP751, ß-APP770) all of which may be N-and O-glycosylated (Weidemann et al., 1989). The ß-APP gene products are expressed in different tissues and show highest abundance in neurons in the brain (Shivers et al., 1988). Co-localization of B-APP with synaptophysin was found at synaptic sites (Schubert et al., 1991) and ß-APP levels, in particular ß-APP695, increase transiently during synaptogenesis in rats (Loftier and Huber, 1992). The potential roles of ß-APPs in higher brain function were explored by intracerebroventricular injection of anti-ß-APP antibodies in rats followed by behavioural analysis(Huber et al., 1993) and by comparison of ß-APP levels in brains of rats with different “cognitive” capabilities.
Simple sensor system for measuring the dielectric properties of saline solutions (1997)

On-line measurements of dielectric properties can be used for quality determination of process streams. Measurements of the water cut are important in order to determine how much water and oil that are e.g. produced from an oil well or how much oil is discharged to the sea. This work describes the use of a single open-ended probe measurement system for determination of the dielectric properties of saline solutions, the salinity being an important parameter in the determination of the dielectric properties of the water. The frequency range of the measurements is from 500 MHz up to 40 GHz, the salinity varying from 0 to 3.5 wt% (sea water) at C. Models are developed under controlled laboratory conditions relating the static permittivity, relaxation time and conductivity to the salinity of the water. For model verification the same set of tests are performed with a well established precision laboratory system. The potential for on-line implementation of the open-ended probe has been verified by tests in a multiphase flow loop, and these results are also presented.
ML-o-Scope: A Diagnostic Visualization System for Deep Machine Learning Pipelines (2014)

Abstract : The recent success of deep learning is driving a trend towards structurally complex computer vision models that combine feature extraction with predictive elements into integrated pipelines. While some of these models have achieved breakthrough results in applications like object recognition, they are difficult to design and tune, impeding progress. We feel that visual analysis can be a powerful tool to aid iterative development of deep model pipelines. Building on feature evaluation work in the computer vision community, we introduce ML-o-scope, an interactive visualization system for exploratory analysis of convolutional neural networks, a prominent type of pipelined model. We present ML-o-scope's time-lapse engine that provides views into model dynamics during training, and evaluate the system as a support for tuning large scale object-classification pipelines.
Flavor of meat, meat products, and seafoods (1998)

Flavor Of Muscle Foods. An Overview. The Chemistry of Meat Flavor. The Flavor of Beef. The Flavor of Pork. The Flavor of Poultry Meat. Sheepmeat Odor and Flavor. Flavor of Fish Meat. Flavor of Shellfish. Unami Flavor of Meat. Lipid-Derived Off-Flavors in Meat: Effect of Antioxidants Oxidation in Meat By-Products: Effect of Antioxidants and Maillard Reactants. Maillard Reactions and Meat Flavor Development. The Flavor of Cured Meat. Flavor Analysis of Dry-Cured Ham. Smoked Flavorings in Processed Meats. Instrumental Methods for Analyzing the Flavor of Muscle Foods. Assessment of Lipid Oxidation and Off-Flavor Development in Meat, Meat Products and Seafoods. Sensory and Statistical Analyses in Meat Flavor Research. Index