gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HIP zirconia fixed partial dentures--clinical results after 3 years of clinical service. (2008)

All-ceramic FPDs based on zirconia frameworks exhibited satisfactory clinical performance.
Targeting the hallmarks of cancer with therapy-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (2014)

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is at the center of a number of vital cellular processes such as cell growth, death, and differentiation, crosstalk with immune or stromal cells, and maintenance of proteostasis or homeostasis, and ER functions have implications for various pathologies including cancer. Recently, a number of major hallmarks of cancer have been delineated that are expected to facilitate the development of anticancer therapies. However, therapeutic induction of ER stress as a strategy to broadly target multiple hallmarks of cancer has been seldom discussed despite the fact that several primary or secondary ER stress-inducing therapies have been found to exhibit positive clinical activity in cancer patients. In the present review we provide a brief historical overview of the major discoveries and milestones in the field of ER stress biology with important implications for anticancer therapy. Furthermore, we comprehensively discuss possible strategies enabling the targeting of multiple hallmarks of cancer with therapy-induced ER stress.
Sparse Representations for Image Classification: Learning Discriminative and Reconstructive Non-Parametric Dictionaries (2008)

A framework for learning optimal dictionaries for simultaneous sparse signal representation and robust class classification is introduced in this paper.This problem for dictionary learning is solved by a class-dependent supervised simultaneous orthogonal matching pursuit, which learns the intra-class structure while increasing the inter-class discrimination, interleaved with an efficient dictionary update obtained via singular value decomposition.This framework addresses for the first time the explicit incorporation of both reconstruction and discrimination terms in the non-parametric dictionary learning and sparse coding energy.The work contributes to the understanding of the importance of learned sparse representations for signal classification, showing the relevance of learning discriminative and at the same time reconstructive dictionaries in order to achieve accurate and robust classification.The presentation of the underlying theory is complemented with examples with the standard MNIST and Caltech datasets, and results on the use of the sparse representation obtained from the learned dictionaries as local patch descriptors, replacing commonly used experimental ones.
A Compact Model for Undoped Silicon-Nanowire MOSFETs With Schottky-Barrier Source/Drain (2009)

A comprehensive physics-based compact model for three-terminal undoped Schottky-barrier (SB) gate-all-around silicon-nanowire MOSFETs is formulated based on a quasi-2-D surface-potential solution and the Miller-Good tunneling model. The energy-band model has accounted for the screening of the gate field by the electrons or holes, which has been largely missed in the literature. Although SB-MOSFETs are essentially ambipolar devices, we show that the separate modeling of electron and hole currents is simple yet accurately predicts the final ambipolar current. Thinner oxide thickness is confirmed to be beneficial to SB-MOSFETs for both ON - and OFF-state currents. However, smaller nanowire radius (or thinner body thickness) is found to be only beneficial to SB-MOSFETs with high SB heights (SBHs) despite the OFF-state current being reduced significantly. For SB-MOSFETs with low SBHs, the tunneling-current-density enhancement due to a smaller radius is not able to compensate the reduction in the contact size, which leads to a degradation of the ldquoONrdquo current. The drift current in the channel is shown to be negligible in SB-MOSFETs, and the tunneling/thermionic current through the SB represents the main current-limiting mechanism.
DOWNCURRENT DECLINE OF GRAIN SIZE AND THICKNESS OF SINGLE TURBIDITE BEDS: A SEMI‐QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS (1971)

ABSTRACT Sedimentologists have noted that turbidite sequences become thinner bedded and finer grained as traced downcurrent. We provide a semi‐quantitative explanation of this behavior based on the idea that turbulence in a turbidity current decays downcurrent so that in its zone of deposition both the total load in suspension and the grain size of that load decrease with increasing distance from the source. Semi‐empirical equations proposed by Chézy, Lokhtin and Sundborg are central to our argument.
Reduction of Fluorescence Background in Raman Spectra by the Pulsed Raman Technique* (1972)

The pulsed Raman technique utilizing a Q-switched frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser and a pulse-activated nanosecond photon-counting detection system has been used to reduce the fluorescence background in Raman spectra when the fluorescence-pump lifetime is much shorter than the duration of the laser output pulse. A fluorescence discrimination factor shows the improvement of the Raman signal-to-noise ratio obtained with pulsed Raman over cw Raman. Dark-current-limited operation can be virtually eliminated using the pulsed Raman technique. When applied to a sample of Mn-doped ZnSe using an uncooled 1P28 photomultiplier and about 10 mW of average laser power at 532 nm, a 60-count/s fluorescence peak of 125-μs lifetime, observed with a 200-μs detection interval, was reduced by a factor of ≳60 with a 1-μs detection interval. The computed factor is 63.
β-Nitrosulfides and β-Aminosulfides (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTβ-Nitrosulfides and β-AminosulfidesWilliam E. Parham and Floyd L. RampCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 3, 1293–1295Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01147a125https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01147a125research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views331Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
FLASH-BUTT WELDING USING MOBILE ON-TRACK MACHINES (1977)

Flash-butt welding of rails in the field is somewhat different from welding in a plant where there is no restriction on weight or longitudinal movement of one rail. Using a machine developed in the Soviet Union, a mobile welding has made up to ten welds per hour in Italy and Austria. Careful control of the process is necessary.
The soft constraints hypothesis: A rational analysis approach to resource allocation for interactive behavior. (2006)

Soft constraints hypothesis (SCH) is a rational analysis approach that holds that the mixture of perceptual-motor and cognitive resources allocated for interactive behavior is adjusted based on temporal cost-benefit tradeoffs. Alternative approaches maintain that cognitive resources are in some sense protected or conserved in that greater amounts of perceptual-motor effort will be expended to conserve lesser amounts of cognitive effort. One alternative, the minimum memory hypothesis (MMH), holds that people favor strategies that minimize the use of memory. SCH is compared with MMH across 3 experiments and with predictions of an Ideal Performer Model that uses ACT-R's memory system in a reinforcement learning approach that maximizes expected utility by minimizing time. Model and data support the SCH view of resource allocation; at the under 1000-ms level of analysis, mixtures of cognitive and perceptual-motor resources are adjusted based on their cost-benefit tradeoffs for interactive behavior.
Classification trees with neural network feature extraction (1992)

The ideal use of small multilayer nets at the decision nodes of a binary classification tree to extract nonlinear features is proposed. The nets are trained and the tree is grown using a gradient-type learning algorithm in the multiclass case. The method improves on standard classification tree design methods in that it generally produces trees with lower error rates and fewer nodes. It also reduces the problems associated with training large unstructured nets and transfers the problem of selecting the size of the net to the simpler problem of finding a tree of the right size. An efficient tree pruning algorithm is proposed for this purpose. Trees constructed with the method and the CART method are compared on a waveform recognition problem and a handwritten character recognition problem. The approach demonstrates significant decrease in error rate and tree size. It also yields comparable error rates and shorter training times than a large multilayer net trained with backpropagation on the same problems.
Three-dimensional atomic magnetometry (2011)

Three-dimensional atomic magnetometry scheme is proposed and experimented. The scheme uses only one laser beam and can measure three components of the magnetic field independently. Spin-exchange-relaxation-free regime is verified by magnetic resonance measurement. The open loop scale factors of −2.722 mV/nT, −1.452 mV/nT and 0.076 mV/nT for the three axes are characterized. The model considering the frequency response and linewidth variation can fit the measurement data well. As only one laser beam is required, the magnetometry is easy to be realized on chip scale and is particularly attractive for applications requiring low power, low cost and high precision at the same time.
Broadband and ultrahigh optical haze thin films with self-aggregated alumina nanowire bundles for photovoltaic applications (2015)

Self-aggregated alumina nanowire structures have been demonstrated by anodization of aluminum and a subsequent pore breaking process for improving the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells.
Vallejo in between: Postcolonial Identity in<i>Poemas Humanos</i> (2001)

This essay draws an analogy between some concepts of postcolonial theory and the work of César Vallejo (1892—1938). An analysis of Vallejo's journalistic articles shows him to be a writer somewhere in between the pro-colonial Eurocentrism of the modernistas and the radical anti-colonialism of a writer such as Roberto Fernández Retamar. An analysis of two representative poems from Poemas humanos (1939), 'Quiere y no quiere su color mi pecho …' and 'Epístola a los transeúntes' provides a similar picture of Vallejo as an individual caught in a no man's land between two political ideologies, and which has surprising similarities with the decentred self of the modern world.
Clinical Significance of Increased Thromboplastin Activity on the Monocyte Surface – A Brief Review (1984)

The importance of the blood coagulation sequence as an integral part in the pathogenesis of diseases inside as well as outside the blood vessels is becoming increasingly apparent. Mononuclear phagocytes have important functions in initiation of coagulation by producing several procoagulant substances, including thromboplastin, the potent trigger of the extrinsic pathway. Increasing evidence demonstrates the clinical importance of monocyte and macrophage thromboplastin synthesis in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. This review surveys the role of monocyte/macrophage thromboplastin in relation to inflammatory diseases, cancer, disseminated intravascular coagulation and diseases of the blood vessels, thrombosis and atherosclerosis.
Measuring bone mineral density of the pelvis and proximal femur after total hip arthroplasty (2001)

We aimed to evaluate the precision and longitudinal sensitivity of measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) in the pelvis and to determine the effect of bone cement on the measurement of BMD in femoral regions of interest (ROI) after total hip arthroplasty (THA). A series of 29 patients had duplicate dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans of the hip within 13 months of THA. Pelvic analyses using 3- and 4-ROI models gave a coefficient of variation (CV) of 2.5% to 3.6% and of 2.5% to 4.8%, respectively. Repeat scans in 17 subjects one year later showed a significant change in BMD in three regions using the 4-ROI model, compared with change in only one region with the 3-ROI model (p < 0.05). Manual exclusion of cement from femoral ROIs increased the net CV from 1.6% to 3.6% (p = 0.001), and decreased the measured BMD by 20% (t = 12.1, p < 0.001). Studies of two cement phantoms in vitro showed a small downward drift in bone cement BMD giving a measurement error of less than 0.03 g/cm 2 /year associated with inclusion of cement in femoral ROIs. Changes in pelvic periprosthetic BMD are best detected using a 4-ROI model. Analysis of femoral ROI is more precise without exclusion of cement although an awareness of its effect on the measurement of the BMD is needed.
Kinetic and allosteric cooperativity in L-adenosine transport in chromaffin cells. A mnemonical transporter (1993)

In cultured chromaffin cells and plasma membrane vesicles from chromaffin tissue, the transport of D-[3H]adenosine followed Michaelis-Menten saturation kinetics, with Km values of 1.5 +/- 0.3 microM and 1.9 +/- 0.2 microM, respectively. The transport of the isomer, L-[3H]adenosine, showed sigmoidal kinetics in both preparations. In plasma membrane vesicles the S0.5 was 2.5 +/- 0.2 microM with a Hill coefficient of 2.8 and the Vmax value of 0.26 +/- 0.01 pmol s-1 (mg of protein)-1. In cultured chromaffin cells the kinetic parameters for L-[3H]adenosine were S0.5 = 6.2 +/- 0.2 microM and a Vmax 19.7 +/- 0.5 pmol/min per 10(6) cells, with a pronounced positive cooperativity. The Hill coefficient was 4.9. The transport of the L-isomer in cultured cells followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics at the lowest concentrations employed, below 2 microM. On the basis of these results, we propose a kinetic model whereby the adenosine transporter functions mnemonically.
A Sensitive, Reproducible and Objective Immunofluorescence Analysis Method of Dystrophin in Individual Fibers in Samples from Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (2014)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by the absence or reduced levels of dystrophin expression on the inner surface of the sarcolemmal membrane of muscle fibers. Clinical development of therapeutic approaches aiming to increase dystrophin levels requires sensitive and reproducible measurement of differences in dystrophin expression in muscle biopsies of treated patients with DMD. This, however, poses a technical challenge due to intra- and inter-donor variance in the occurrence of revertant fibers and low trace dystrophin expression throughout the biopsies. We have developed an immunofluorescence and semi-automated image analysis method that measures the sarcolemmal dystrophin intensity per individual fiber for the entire fiber population in a muscle biopsy. Cross-sections of muscle co-stained for dystrophin and spectrin have been imaged by confocal microscopy, and image analysis was performed using Definiens software. Dystrophin intensity has been measured in the sarcolemmal mask of spectrin for each individual muscle fiber and multiple membrane intensity parameters (mean, maximum, quantiles per fiber) were calculated. A histogram can depict the distribution of dystrophin intensities for the fiber population in the biopsy. This method was tested by measuring dystrophin in DMD, Becker muscular dystrophy, and healthy muscle samples. Analysis of duplicate or quadruplicate sections of DMD biopsies on the same or multiple days, by different operators, or using different antibodies, was shown to be objective and reproducible (inter-assay precision, CV 2-17% and intra-assay precision, CV 2-10%). Moreover, the method was sufficiently sensitive to detect consistently small differences in dystrophin between two biopsies from a patient with DMD before and after treatment with an investigational compound.
Study of human breast tissues biochemistry by FT-Raman spectroscopy (2006)

In this work we employ the Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy to study the human breast tissues, both normal and pathological. In the present study we analyze 194 Raman spectra from breast tissues that were separated into 9 groups according to their corresponding histopathological diagnosis, which are as follows: Normal breast tissue, Fibrocystic condition, In Situ Duct Carcinoma, In Situ Duct Carcinoma with Necrosis, Infiltrating Duct Carcinoma, Infiltrating Duct Inflammatory Carcinoma, Infiltrating Duct Medullar Carcinoma, Infiltrating Duct Colloid Carcinoma, and Infiltrating Lobule Carcinoma. We found a strong lipids Raman band, and this structure was identified as abundant in the normal breast tissue spectra. The primary structure of proteins was identified through the shift of the amine acids bands. The identification of the secondary structure of proteins occurred through the peptide bands (Amide I and Amide III). In relation to the carbohydrates, the spectra of duct infiltrating colloid carcinoma, fibrocystic condition, and infiltrating duct carcinoma have been compared and identified. We observed an increase in the intensity of the 800-1200 cm<sup>-1</sup> spectral region. This fact could indicate the presence of liquid cystic. We also notice alterations in the peaks in the region of 500 to 600 cm<sup>-1</sup> and 2000 to 2100 cm<sup>-1</sup> that may suggest changes in the nucleic acids of the cells.
Trace-driven simulation of decoupled architectures (1994)

The development of accurate trace-driven simulation models has become a key activity in the design of new high-performance computer systems. Trace-driven simulation is fast, enabling analysis of the behaviour of large application and benchmark programs on a new computer system. We describe a trace-driven simulation engine for a decoupled processor architecture. We report on two ways of generating efficient execution traces of real programs for this engine: profiler-assisted and compiler-assisted, and also on the use of synthetic traces. Results are reported for execution on the simulation engine of traces from Linpack and one of the Perfect Club benchmarks, as well as synthesized traces.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reduced-state sequence estimator with reverse-time structure (1997)

A modified reduced-state sequencer estimator (RSSE) with a reverse-time structure is proposed for postcursor dominated impulse response channels. This structure can provide significant performance improvements over a conventional RSSE of similar complexity for a well-defined and practically motivated class of channels.
ABC Transporters in the CNS – An Inventory (2011)

In the present review we provide a summary of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in the central nervous system (CNS). Our review is focused on transporters of the ABC A, B, C, D, and G families that have been detected in the cells of the neurovascular unit/blood-brain barrier including brain capillary endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, and neurons, as well as in other brain cells, such as microglia, oligodendrocytes, and choroid plexus epithelial cells. In this review, we provide an overview, organized by ABC family, of transporter expression, localization, and function. We summarize recent findings on ABC transporter regulation in the CNS and address the role of ABC transporters in CNS diseases including brain cancer, seizures/epilepsy, and Alzheimer's disease. Finally, we discuss new therapeutic strategies focused on ABC transporters in CNS disease.
Magnetic sensors using Fe-Cr-Ni alloys with square hysteresis loops (1984)

Voltage-generating magnetic sensors using new square-loop Fe-Cr-Ni magnetic alloy wires are described. Typical magnetic properties of the sensor wire are Br ∼15 kG, Br/Bs ∼0.99, and Hc ∼2–30 Oe. These alloys are corrosion resistant, easy to manufacture into desired wire shape and sensor geometry, and are of low material and processing cost. One exemplary sensor consists of an Fe-20%Cr-4%Ni alloy wire of 0.1–0.5 mm in diameter, 3.7 cm in length, and a sense coil of 1000–2000 turns wound around the alloy wire. With an external ac drive field of 20–200 Oe at various frequencies, voltage pulses with a peak amplitude in excess of 30 V are generated. This sensor may be used as a proximity/displacement sensor, current sensor, rotation/frequency sensor, and other triggering, switching, and security devices.
Ultrasonic Duplex Echo-Doppler Scanner (1974)

Ultrasonic B-mode displays are produced by a new diagnostic scanner that yields dynamic Doppler information from blood flow in addition to both static and dynamic echo information from stationary and more slowly moving tissues. The effect is produced by combining the flow imaging capability of a multigate pulse-Doppler flow detector with a fast rotational pulse-echo B-mode scanner. The duplex system was designed for performing ultrasonic echo-Doppler arteriography where the location and geometry of the interface between occlusive atherosclerotic tissue and blood is of prime concern. Initial results on normal arteries in vivo are illustrated. Spatial alignment of echo and Doppler images is obtained by using the same transducer and scanning mechanism for both. However, clinical trials on patients with verified occlusive arterial disease indicated a two-transducer system would be more desirable. It is concluded that superposition of images of both tissue and blood decreases the uncertainties inherent in the display of either image alone.
Al <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> ─SiC Composites from Aluminosilicate Precursors (1992)

Al 2 O 3 and SiC composite materials have been produced from mixtures of aluminosilicates (both natural minerals and synthetic) and carbon as precursor materials. These composites are produced by heating a mixture of kaolinite (or synthetic aluminosilicates) and carbon in stoichiometric proportion above 1550°C, so that only Al 2 O 3 and SiC remain as the major phases. A similar process has also been used for synthesizing other composite powders having mixtures of Al 2 O 3 , SiC, TiC, and ZrO 2 in different proportions (all compounds together or selective mixtures of some of them), as desired. The microstructure of hot‐pressed dense compacts, produced from these powders, revealed that the SiC phase is distributed very homogeneously, even occasionally within Al 2 O 3 grains on a nanosize scale. The homogeneous distribution of SiC particles within the system produced high fracture toughness of the hot‐pressed material (K IC ∼ 7.0 MPa · m 1/2 ) and having Vicker's hardness values greater than 2000 kgf/mm 2 .
Disproportionation and Vaporization of Solid Silicon Monoxide (1967)

The vaporization rate of solid SiO was studied in the temperature range 1005° to 1475°C. It was concluded that ( a ) in an argon atmosphere the vaporization rate is external gas diffusion controlled; ( b ) only the upper layers of the charge contribute to the vaporization, so that a zero‐order process is observed; ( c ) the heat of vaporization of SiO is 72.5 kcal/mole. Solid SiO disproportionates when heated in the temperature range 1000° to 1440°C, but the reaction does not go to completion. The reaction in the solid state is irreversible. The product silicon inhibits the reaction.