gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A high-resolution non-volatile analog memory cell (2002)

A 3-transistor non-volatile analog storage cell with 14 bits effective resolution and rail-to-rail buffered voltage output is presented. The memory, which consists of charge stored on a MOS transistor floating gate, is written by means of hot-electron injection and erased by means of gate oxide tunneling. The circuit allows simultaneous memory reading and writing; by writing the memory under feedback control, errors due to oxide mismatch or trapping can be nearly eliminated, Small size and low power consumption make the cell especially attractive for use in analog neural networks. The cell is fabricated in a 2 /spl mu/m n-well silicon Bi-CMOS process available from MOSIS,.
Life detection based on cross-correlation analysis (2011)

A life detection method based on cross-correlation analysis is proposed. It applies to a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) background. The experiment results with real data illustrate the theoretical validity.
Detection of <i>p53</i> gene mutations in rat hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (1993)

Structural alterations of the p53 gene were investigated in chemically induced rat hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), hyperplastic hepatic nodules (HPNs), and cell lines derived from rat neoplastic and normal liver cells. The mutations were detected by GC-clamped denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis using DNA that had been amplified from p53 mRNA by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. This method enabled us to find single-base changes within the p53 gene without using radioisotopes. The presence of mutations was subsequently confirmed by DNA sequencing. No mutations were detected in six primary HCCs and 12 HPNs induced by the Solt and Farber regimen (Nature 236: 701-703, 1976), suggesting that p53 gene mutations do not play a major role in rat hepatic carcinogenesis. However, five of seven HCC cell lines and one of two cell lines derived from normal liver cells had the mutated p53 gene and had lost the normal p53 gene. Five cell lines had a G-->T transversion at various codons, whereas one line had a 21-base deletion in exon 5. Therefore, we conclude that p53 gene mutations may occur in vitro during establishment of the cell lines or may be derived from very small populations within the primary tumors.
Factors that Influence Healing in Chronic Venous Ulcers Treated with Cryopreserved Human Epidermal Cultures (2002)

BACKGROUND Cryopreserved epidermal cultures (CEC) offer an “off the shelf” treatment for chronic wounds. These cultures are derived from neonatal foreskin and grow rapidly in vitro to form epidermal sheets. They do not require a biopsy from the patient, an advantage compared to autografts. They seem to act as a biological dressing, stimulating epithelialization from the wound edges and adnexae, probably through growth factor release. OBJECTIVE To summarize our recent experience with the use of CEC in chronic venous leg ulcers and to determine the factors that influence healing in chronic venous ulcers treated with CEC. PATIENTS AND METHODS A single arm, open label study including a total of 11 patients with documented venous ulcers was performed. The study involved the application of cryopreserved epidermal cultures every other week to nonhealing leg ulcers for a total of 12 weeks or until complete healing of the ulcer. RESULTS A total of 11 patients with one or more leg ulcers were treated. The average age was similar in healed and unhealed groups. Seven patients completely healed after an average of 4.14 CEC applications. Four patients did not heal after a total of 12 CEC applications. CONCLUSION Predictors for failure to heal after CEC application in our patients were long wound duration, wound size, presence of lipodermatosclerosis, and history of failed prior split-thickness skin grafts.
A 5 Gb/s 16*16 Si-bipolar crosspoint switch (2003)

An experimental 16*16, nonblocking, asynchronous crosspoint switch with 5 Gb/s channel data rate is described. Implemented in a 0.8- mu m, double-poly, self-aligned Si-bipolar ECL (emitter coupled logic) technology, the 3*3 mm/sup 2/ chip with a multiplexer-type architecture and a three-device crosspoint cell features a data path delay of 420 ps and a set-up time of 1 ns, and dissipates about 4.6 W. Signal levels are ECL compatible. This crosspoint which supports selective or full broadcasting and a simple expansion mechanism.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Convenient Synthesis of Versatile Side-chain Intermediates for Carbapenem Antibiotics (1995)

A useful synthesis of (2S, 4S)-4-(4-methoxybenzylthio)-1-substituted pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid is reported. At each step, practically all compounds were obtained in crystalline form by simple procedure without column chromatography. These compounds are versatile side-chain precursors to carbapenem antibiotics.
Amelioration of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by the diuretic acetazolamide in F344 rats. (1984)

Renal toxicity following a single iv nonlethal dose (6 mg/kg) of cisplatin (CDDP) was investigated in male F344 rats pretreated with 20 mg/kg of acetazolamide (ACZ) sc 30 minutes before CDDP administration. There was a decrease in nephrotoxicity as indicated by a smaller elevation of BUN, a milder histopathologic lesion, and a more rapid recovery of BUN in ACZ-pretreated animals. Renal platinum content of rats receiving ACZ was significantly lower than that in animals treated with CDDP alone. There was no change in platinum level in the plasma or the liver but there was a decreased platinum excretion in urine during 24 hours after treatment. Reduction of platinum concentration in the kidney might account for protection against the renal toxicity. The diuretic ACZ might be useful in the hydration regimens used clinically to prevent renal toxicity from CDDP.
Trapping sets of structured LDPC codes (2011)

THIS PAPER IS ELIGIBLE FOR THE STUDENT PAPER AWARD. This paper analyzes trapping set structure of binary regular LDPC codes whose parity-check matrices satisfy the constraint that no two rows (or two columns) have more than one place where they both have non-zero components, which is called row-column (RC) constraint. For a (γ,ρ)-regular LDPC code whose parity-check matrix satisfies the RC-constraint, its Tanner graph contains no (κ, τ) trapping set with size κ ≤ γ and number τ of odd degree check nodes less than γ. For several classes of RC-constrained regular LDPC codes constructed algebraically, we show that their Tanner graphs contain no trapping sets of sizes smaller than their minimum weights.
The expression of myosin genes in developing skeletal muscle in the mouse embryo. (1990)

Using in situ hybridization, we have investigated the temporal sequence of myosin gene expression in the developing skeletal muscle masses of mouse embryos. The probes used were isoform-specific, 35S-labeled antisense cRNAs to the known sarcomeric myosin heavy chain and myosin alkali light chain gene transcripts. Results showed that both cardiac and skeletal myosin heavy chain and myosin light chain mRNAs were first detected between 9 and 10 d post coitum (p.c.) in the myotomes of the most rostral somites. Myosin transcripts appeared in more caudal somites at later stages in a developmental gradient. The earliest myosin heavy chain transcripts detected code for the embryonic skeletal (MHCemb) and beta-cardiac (MHC beta) isoforms. Perinatal myosin heavy chain (MHCpn) transcripts begin to accumulate at 10.5 d p.c., which is much earlier than previously reported. At this stage, MHCemb is the major MHC transcript. By 12.5 d p.c., MHCpn and MHCemb mRNAs are present to an equal extent, and by 15.5 d p.c. the MHCpn transcript is the major MHC mRNA detected. Cardiac MHC beta transcripts are always present as a minor component. In contrast, the cardiac MLC1A mRNA is initially more abundant than that encoding the skeletal MLC1F isoform. By 12.5 d p.c. the two MLC mRNAs are present at similar levels, and by 15.5 d p.c., MLC1F is the predominant MLC transcript detected. Transcripts for the ventricular/slow (MLC1V) and another fast skeletal myosin light chain (MLC3F) are not detected in skeletal muscle before 15 d p.c., which marks the beginning of the fetal stage of muscle development. This is the first stage at which we can detect differences in expression of myosin genes between developing muscle fibers. We conclude that, during the development of the myotome and body wall muscles, different myosin genes follow independent patterns of activation and accumulation. The data presented are the first detailed study of myosin gene expression at these early stages of skeletal muscle development.
Wireless vibrotactile feedback system for postural response improvement (2011)

This paper presents an evaluation of a real-time wireless body sensor network for the improvement of postural balance response. The system senses body sway using accelerometers and provides vibrotactile feedback to multiple points on the inner forearm, allowing the subject to obtain a clear indication of imbalanced movements within their center of gravity and respective surroundings. The wireless body sensor network is ergonomic, allowing the subject to feel comfortable and experience unconfined movements during its use. The system transmits realtime data to a local host computer, where the data is recorded and displayed graphically. This recorded data monitors the subject's progress and allows any sudden falling movements to be overseen by care-givers. Pilot data measuring postural responses to perturbations with and without the system are conducted. Results obtained suggest that this system can improve postural responses, where it is demonstrated that such an intelligent and user-friendly system can be applied to rehabilitate the loss of balance in hospital and home-care patients.
The Elements of Scientific Psychology. (1924)

Professor Dunlap has selected the topics for his chapters with some conservatism. Sense Perception, Thought and Thought Content, The Bodily Mechanism, Reaction and Consciousness, Instinct and Habit, Development of Perception, Space Perception, The Thinking Process, Affective Experience, The Empirical Self or "Me"—these are headings which we expect to find in any present-day text that claims to be orthodox. Concerning these conventional topics, however, Dunlap has written opinions which in many cases depart far from orthodoxy. Sometimes these opinions are quite original. They are always stated clearly and concisely. The discussions in this book are concerned almost exclusively with conscious activities. It is not strange, therefore, that the first chapters are devoted to sense perception rather than to types of movement or some other supposedly more dynamic subject. We do not mean to imply that Dunlap's systematic position leans toward the static and structural. While his major interest is in processes
Simulation-based equivalence checking between SystemC models at different levels of abstraction (2011)

Today for System-on-Chips (SoCs) companies Electronic System Level(ESL) design is the established approach. Abstraction and standardized communication interfaces based on SystemC Transaction Level Modeling (TLM) have become the core component for ESL design. The abstract models in ESL flows are stepwise refined down to hardware. In this context verification is the major bottleneck: After each refinement step the resulting model is simulated again with the same testbench. The simulation results have to be compared to the previous results to check the functional equivalence of both models. For models at lower levels of abstraction strong approaches exist to formally prove equivalence. However, this is not possible here due to the TLM abstraction. Hence, in practice equivalence checking in ESL flows is based on simulation. Since implementing the necessary verification environment requires a huge effort, we propose an equivalence checking framework in this paper. Our framework allows to easily compare variable accesses in different SystemC models. Therefore, the two models are co-simulated using a client-server architecture. In combination with multi-threading our approach is very efficient as shown by the experiments. In addition, the time required for debugging is reduced by the framework since the respective source code references where the variable accesses did not match are presented to the user.
Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Signaling Enhances Production of Galactose-Deficient IgA1 in IgA Nephropathy (2020)

Abnormal LIF/STAT1 signaling represents another pathway potentially leading to overproduction of Gd-IgA1 in IgAN, providing possible explanation for the phenotype associated with chromosome 22q12 GWAS locus. Abnormal LIF/STAT1 signaling and the associated SFKs may represent potential diagnostic and/or therapeutic targets in IgAN.
Src promotes GTPase activity of Ras via tyrosine 32 phosphorylation (2014)

Mutations in Ras GTPase and various other components of the Ras signaling pathways are among the most common genetic alterations in human cancers and also have been identified in several familial developmental syndromes. Over the past few decades it has become clear that the activity or the oncogenic potential of Ras is dependent on the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Src to promote the Ras/Raf/MAPK pathway essential for proliferation, differentiation, and survival of eukaryotic cells. However, no direct relationship between Ras and Src has been established. We show here that Src binds to and phosphorylates GTP-, but not GDP-, loaded Ras on a conserved Y32 residue within the switch I region in vitro and that in vivo, Ras-Y32 phosphorylation markedly reduces the binding to effector Raf and concomitantly increases binding to GTPase-activating proteins and the rate of GTP hydrolysis. These results suggest that, in the context of predetermined crystallographic structures, Ras-Y32 serves as an Src-dependent keystone regulatory residue that modulates Ras GTPase activity and ensures unidirectionality to the Ras GTPase cycle.
Volume and Heat Transports of the Florida Current: April 1982 Through August 1983 (1985)

Absolute velocity and temperature profiles are used to estimate the volume transport through the Straits of Florida and, in combination with historical midbasin data, to estimate the total meridional heat flux through a section at 27 degrees N. The mean annual volume transport of the Florida Current from April 1982 through August 1983 is 30.5 (+/- 1)x 10(6) cubic meters per second. The net northward heat flux through the 27 degrees N section is 1.2 (+/- 0.1)x 10(15) watts. The volume transport is characterized by high values in the late spring and early summer and low values in the late fall and early winter. There is a similar cycle in total heat flux.
A load balancing model based on cloud partitioning for the public cloud (2013)

Load balancing in the cloud computing environment has an important impact on the performance. Good load balancing makes cloud computing more efficient and improves user satisfaction. This article introduces a better load balance model for the public cloud based on the cloud partitioning concept with a switch mechanism to choose different strategies for different situations. The algorithm applies the game theory to the load balancing strategy to improve the efficiency in the public cloud environment.
Fairness testing: testing software for discrimination (2017)

This paper defines software fairness and discrimination and develops a testing-based method for measuring if and how much software discriminates, focusing on causality in discriminatory behavior. Evidence of software discrimination has been found in modern software systems that recommend criminal sentences, grant access to financial products, and determine who is allowed to participate in promotions. Our approach, Themis, generates efficient test suites to measure discrimination. Given a schema describing valid system inputs, Themis generates discrimination tests automatically and does not require an oracle. We evaluate Themis on 20 software systems, 12 of which come from prior work with explicit focus on avoiding discrimination. We find that (1) Themis is effective at discovering software discrimination, (2) state-of-the-art techniques for removing discrimination from algorithms fail in many situations, at times discriminating against as much as 98% of an input subdomain, (3) Themis optimizations are effective at producing efficient test suites for measuring discrimination, and (4) Themis is more efficient on systems that exhibit more discrimination. We thus demonstrate that fairness testing is a critical aspect of the software development cycle in domains with possible discrimination and provide initial tools for measuring software discrimination.
EML4-ALK testing in non-small cell carcinomas of the lung: a review with recommendations (2012)

In non-small cell lung cancer, epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements have a major impact upon the level of response to treatment with specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This review describes the molecular basis of ALK inhibition, summarizes current data on the effectiveness and safety of ALK inhibition therapy, describes the different testing methodologies with their advantages and disadvantages, provides a suggested testing algorithm and puts forward a proposal for an external quality assessment program in ALK testing.
Group A PP2Cs evolved in land plants as key regulators of intrinsic desiccation tolerance (2013)

Vegetative desiccation tolerance is common in bryophytes, although this character has been lost in most vascular plants. The moss Physcomitrella patens survives complete desiccation if treated with abscisic acid (ABA). Group A protein phosphatases type 2C (PP2C) are negative regulators of abscisic acid signalling. Here we show that the elimination of Group A PP2C is sufficient to ensure P. patens survival to full desiccation, without ABA treatment, although its growth is severely hindered. Microarray analysis shows that the Group A PP2C-regulated genes exclusively overlap with genes exhibiting a high level of ABA induction. Group A PP2C disruption weakly affects ABA-activated kinase activity, indicating Group A PP2C action downstream of these kinases in the moss. We propose that Group A PP2C emerged in land plants to repress desiccation tolerance mechanisms, possibly facilitating plants propagation on land, whereas ABA releases the intrinsic desiccation tolerance from Group A PP2C regulation.
Lead at the Tap: Sources and Control (1989)

A survey of 94 water companies and districts was conducted in early 1988 to determine lead levels at customer taps and to evaluate the factors that influence these levels. The results of the survey indicate that lead‐based solder is the most significant source of lead at the tap. In addition, brass faucets were found to contribute substantially to the lead in the first‐draw samples. Although water quality and site characteristics cannot be used to predict lead levels, certain factors are associated with higher lead concentrations. Other than the presence of corrosion inhibitors, pH was the only water quality factor that appeared to influence lead levels at the tap. Site factors were also important, with plumbing age being the most significant.
Groupware that learns (2002)

The authors developed a groupware toolkit, called Michele, which supports asynchronous group work in distributed open environments. It is based on a multi-agent model of communication and allows a user to customize the interface by a specially designed language called MDL (multi-agent description language). The authors incorporate a learning mechanism in Michele. With the mechanism, Michele learns interactions between the user and the system, and stores learned knowledge in each user's environment. A document generation macro function has been added to MDL. With this macro function, cooperative work can be viewed as a set of document-driven procedures. Michele makes a decision tree for each query to the user when making new documents within the document generation macro function. The authors describe Michele and its agent description language MDL. They describe how to introduce a learning mechanism within Michele and explain the details of its implementation. An evaluation of the learning mechanism with a real example is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mechanistic study of the light-induced copolymerization of maleimide/vinyl ether systems (2000)

Real-time infrared spectroscopy was used to monitor the high-speed copolymerization of N-substituted alkyl maleimide (MI) and vinyl ether (VE) mixtures upon UV exposure, with or without photoinitiator. The monomer feed composition was shown to play a decisive role on the polymerization kinetics of each monomer. When VE is in excess, the two monomers disappear at similar rates to yield an alternating copolymer. When MI is in excess, the copolymerization and the MI homopolymerization occur simultaneously to yield a copolymer with isolated VE units. The reaction scheme proposed to account for the kinetic data is based on the homopolymerization of a donor-acceptor complex, with the VE∗︁ radicals acting as the main propagating species. The kinetic chain length was evaluated from quantum yield measurements performed under controlled initiation conditions and found to be on the order of 103. The propagation rate constant of the VE/MI copolymerization was calculated to be twice that of the MI homopolymerization.
Effect of Substrate Bias Voltage on the Thermal Stability of Cu/Ta/Si Structures Deposited by Ion Beam Deposition (2003)

The interfacial reactions of the Cu (100 nm)/Ta (50 nm)/Si structures and their relationship with the microstructure of Ta diffusion barrier are investigated. Ta films were deposited on Si (100) substrates using a non-mass separated ion beam deposition system at various bias voltages ranging from 0 to -200 V. An optimum applied substrate bias voltage of -125 V was found to yield a dominant α-Ta film with a noncolumnar structure, low electrical resistivity (about 40 µΩcm) and smooth surface. A Ta diffusion barrier which was deposited at the optimum bias voltage prevented Cu–Si interaction up to 600°C for 60 min in flowing purified H2, whereas a Ta layer with a columnar structure, deposited at zero bias voltage, degraded at 300°C. Two different reactions of the Cu/Ta (0 V)/Si and the Cu/Ta (-125 V)/Si structures concerning the thermal stability were investigated and discussed on the basis of the experimental results.
Synthesis of (<i>R</i>)‐ and (<i>R</i>)‐4‐methyl‐6‐2′‐methylprop‐1′‐enyl‐5,6‐dihydro‐2<i>H</i>‐pyran (Nerol oxide) and Natural Occurrence of its Racemate (1980)

Abstract Following a known procedure, a mixture of (−)‐(2 S ,3 R )‐ and (+)‐(2 R ,3 R )‐2,3‐epoxy‐citronellols ( 5 ) was prepared from (−)‐( R )‐linalool ( 3 ) via epoxy alcohol 4 and then reduced to (−)‐( R )‐3‐hydroxy‐citronellol ( 6 ). Sensitized photooxygenation of (−)‐( R )‐diol 6 led in part to (−)‐( R )‐triol 8 which was cyclodehydrated by dilute acid to a mixture of diastereoisomeric tetrahydropyran‐4‐ols 9 and 10 . Dehydration of hydroxy ethers 9 and 10 afforded (−)‐( S )‐nerol oxide ( 11 ) and (+)‐( R )‐nerol oxide ( 12 ), respectively, with an optical purity of 91%. Nerol oxide isolated from Bulgarian rose oil (0.038%) proved to be racemic. These results shed some light on the formation of nerol oxide in plants.