gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-User Broadcasting Protocols Over a Two-Hop Relay Fading Channel (2006)

A two-hop relay fading channel is considered, where only decoders possess perfect channel state information (CSI). Various relaying protocols and broadcasting strategies are studied. The main focus of this work is on simple relay transmission scheduling schemes. For decode-and-forward (DF) relaying, the simple relay cannot buffer multiple packets, nor can it reschedule retransmissions. This gives rise to consideration of other relaying techniques, such as amplify-and-forward (AF), where a maximal broadcasting achievable rate is analytically derived. A quantize-and-forward (QF) relay, coupled with a single-level code at the source, uses codebooks matched to the received signal power and performs optimal quantization. This is simplified by a hybrid amplify-QF (AQF) relay, which performs scaling, and single codebook quantization on the input. It is shown that the latter is optimal by means of throughput on the relay-destination link, while maintaining a lower coding complexity than the QF setting. A further extension of the AQF allows the relay to perform successive refinement, coupled with a matched multilevel code. Numerical results show that for high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), the broadcast approach over AF relay may achieve higher throughput gains than other relaying protocols that are numerically tractable
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activation in human breast cancer. (1999)

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a member of the nuclear receptor family of ligand-activated transcription factors. This study was designed to evaluate ligand activation of PPARgamma in human breast cancer cells. DNA binding by endogenous PPARgamma in gel shift assays and activation of PPARgamma by prostanoid and thiazolidinedione ligands in reporter gene assays differed between the cell lines. The PPARgamma ligands elicited an anti-proliferative effect in MTT proliferation assays. Our data point to a variable, cell-specific response to different gamma-ligands, which holds significance for further studies on the role of PPARgamma in mediating breast cancer growth and progression.
BMP12 induces tenogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stromal cells (2013)

Adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) are pluripotent cells that have the capacity to differentiate into tendon fibroblasts (TFs). They are abundant in adults, easy to access, and are therefore an ideal cell source for tendon tissue engineering. Despite this potential, the molecular cues necessary for tenogenic differentiation of ASCs are unknown. Unlike other bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), BMP12, BMP13, and BMP14 have been reported to be less osteo-chondrogenic and to induce tendon rather than bone formation in vivo. This study investigated the effects of BMP12 and BMP14 on ASC differentiation in vitro. In canine ASCs, BMP12 effectively increased the expression of the tendon markers scleraxis and tenomodulin at both mRNA and protein levels. Consistent with these results, BMP12 induced scleraxis promoter driven-GFP and tenomodulin protein expression in mouse ASCs. Although BMP12 also enhanced the expression of the cartilage matrix gene aggrecan in ASCs, the resulting levels remained considerably lower than those detected in tendon fibroblasts. In addition, BMP12 reduced expression of the bone marker osteocalcin, but not the osteogenic transcription factor runx-2. BMP14 exhibited similar, but marginally less potent and selective effects, compared to BMP12. BMPs are known to signal through the canonical Smad pathway and the non-canonical mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. BMP12 triggered robust phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 but not Smad2/3 or p38 MAPK in ASCs. The effect was likely conveyed by type I receptors ALK2/3/6, as phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 was blocked by the ALK2/3/6 inhibitor LDN-193189 but not by the ALK4/5/7 inhibitor SB-505124. Moreover, ALK6 was found to be the most abundant type I receptor in ASCs, with mRNA expression 100 to 10,000 times that of any other type I receptor. Collectively, results support the conclusion that BMP12 induces tenogenic differentiation of ASCs via the Smad1/5/8 pathway.
Regional Maintenance of the Volt Using NBS Volt Transfer Techniques (1974)

In cooperation with five industrial standards laboratories, the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) studied the feasibility of establishing a regional volt maintenance and surveillance program in the greater Los Angeles, Calif., area. The objectives were to improve surveillance, to reduce dependence on NBS, and to have each laboratory maintain its unit of voltage to within 1 ppm of the U. S. legal volt. A two-phase program was established, the first to characterize the five laboratories and the second to carry out the surveillance. After 3 years all laboratories were found to be maintaining their unit to within better than 1 ppm of the U. S. legal volt.
Near Infrared Spectra Of Organic Compounds (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNear Infrared Spectra Of Organic CompoundsOwen H. WheelerCite this: Chem. Rev. 1959, 59, 4, 629–666Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr50028a004https://doi.org/10.1021/cr50028a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1951Altmetric-Citations166LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cytokines in multiple sclerosis: pro-inflammation or pro-remyelination? (1998)

The targets of the inflammatory response in multiple sclerosis (MS) are myelin and the myelin producing cells, oligodendrocytes. The infiltration of activated immune cells and recruitment of endogenous glia lead to the destruction of myelin and oligodendrocytes, a process that is compounded by the release of cytokines by infiltrating cells. Recent evidence suggests that key cytokines that are responsible for the destruction of myelin may also mediate the process of remyelination and repair. It appears that both inflammatory and repair processes are governed by the temporal and spatial relation of cytokines to their targets.
Phase transfer catalyzed synthesis of indazoles from <i>o</i>‐alkylbenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborates (1984)

Abstract Reactions of o ‐methyl‐ and o ‐ethylbenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborates with two equivalents of potassium acetate and five mole percent of 18‐crown‐6 in ethanol‐free chloroform produce indazoles in good to excellent yields. Indazoles bearing either electron‐withdrawing or electron‐donating substituents may be prepared.
Comparing the Performance of Two Dynamic Load Distribution Methods (1987)

Parallel processing of symbolic computations on a message-passing multi-processor presents one challenge: To effectively utilize the available processors, the load must be distributed uniformly to all the processors. However, the structure of these computations cannot be predicted in advance. go, static scheduling methods are not applicable. In this paper, we compare the performance of two dynamic, distributed load balancing methods with extensive simulation studies. The two schemes are: the Contracting Within a Neighborhood (CWN) scheme proposed by us, and the Gradient Model proposed by Lin and Keller. We conclude that although simpler, the CWN is significantly more effective at distributing the work than the Gradient model.
Ribozymes: recent advances in the development of RNA tools (2003)

The discovery 20 years ago that some RNA molecules, called ribozymes, are able to catalyze chemical reactions was a breakthrough in biology. Over the last two decades numerous natural RNA motifs endowed with catalytic activity have been described. They all fit within a few well-defined types that respond to a specific RNA structure. The prototype catalytic domain of each one has been engineered to generate trans-acting ribozymes that catalyze the site-specific cleavage of other RNA molecules. On the 20th anniversary of ribozyme discovery we briefly summarize the main features of the different natural catalytic RNAs. We also describe progress towards developing strategies to ensure an efficient ribozyme-based technology, dedicating special attention to the ones aimed to achieve a new generation of therapeutic agents.
Efectos cuota de mercado e industria sobre los resultados empresariales (1999)

El objetivo del trabajo es contrastar los efectos de la cuota de mercado y de las condiciones de la industria sobre los resultados de las empresas, tomando como punto de partida las cotizaciones bursatiles asi como los recursos empresariales. Las hipotesis de partida son: i) que los incrementos en la cuota de mercado que no vienen apoyados por cambios en los recursos de las empresas no generan valor (resultados); y ii) que las condiciones de la industria influencian los resultados. La metodologia aplicada utiliza un sistema recursivo de la Teoria Financiera para estimar los cambios anuales en el valor de la empresa (refleja la influencia del cambio en los recursos), y los efectos de las condiciones de la industria sobre los resultados; asi como diversas tecnicas estadisticas para demostrar la relacion entre la variacion anual en el valor de la empresa y los cambios anuales en la cuota de mercado. Como novedad, el procedimiento permite examinar las interacciones, una a una, entre las empresas. Como resultado de la aplicacion a nueve empresas constructoras espanolas, se demuestra que existe un efecto industria, pero no hay suficiente base estadistica para concluir que los incrementos en la cuota de mercado de un sector, entre cuyas empresas no se producen cambios en sus posiciones relativas de recursos, no generan excesos de beneficio.
Biomass Waste-Derived Microporous Carbons with Controlled Texture and Enhanced Hydrogen Uptake (2008)

We report on the facile preparation of biomass waste-derived microporous carbons and the investigation of their hydrogen storage performance. By adjusting the reaction parameters, different carbon materials with controlled morphology and texture were prepared through the carbonization and activation of the hydrolytic lignin from inexpensive biomass waste. The as-obtained samples were characterized using instrumental analyses such as SEM, TEM, EDX, XRD, IR, ICP, and XPS. It was found that the as-synthesized microporous carbons exhibited high surface area (2000−3100 m2 g−1), large micropore volume (1.11−1.68 cm3 g−1), and narrow pore size distribution (0.77−0.91 nm). Furthermore, a considerable hydrogen uptake exceeding 5 wt % with an isosteric adsorption heat of 4.1−7.5 kJ mol−1 was attained with the microporous carbons, showing their potential usage in compacting gaseous fuels of hydrogen.
Adherence of Candida Species to Host Tissues and Plastic Surfaces (1986)

Adherence of Candida species to host tissues and nonbiologic materials has been studied in vivo and in vitro. Attachment of Candida albicans to mucosal cells, fibrin-platelet matrices, vascular endothelial cells, and plastic materials has been examined to elucidate early events in the pathogenesis of mucosal colonization and infection, candidal endocarditis, tissue invasion from the intravascular space, and infection of prosthetic devices. Adherence of C. albicans and Candida tropicalis exceeds that of less virulent Candida species, and germinated C. albicans cells adhere to host tissues more readily than do yeast-phase organisms. The adhesin of Candida that mediates attachment has yet to be characterized at the molecular level; however, on the basis of competitive inhibition by crude and purified cell wall products, blocking by antibody and lectin, and controlled degradation of the cell surface of Candida, it appears that mannans and mannoproteins are important constituents of the adhesin. The methods currently used to assay adherence of Candida all have limitations, and an approach to resolving these limitations is one of several areas that warrant further investigation.
Can Betaine Replace Supplemental DL-Methionine in Broiler Diets? (1996)

This paper reports the results of a growth study with subsequent carcass analysis to investigate the potential of betaine to replace DL-methionine as an essential amino acid supplement in broiler diets. Starter and grower diets were formulated to be deficient in sulfur amino acids, then supplemented with various combinations of DL-methionine and betaine. All diets were supplemented with choline chloride to ensure adequate methyl group supply. Growth, feed conversion, and breast meat yield were significantly improved by added DL-methionine, but not be betaine. There was no evidence that betaine can reduce the need for supplemental methionine in broiler diets deficient in sulfur amino acids.
Liquid‐Crystalline D‐Glucose Dialkyl Acetals and Dodecyl D‐Glucofuranosides (1994)

Abstract Two new systems of liquid crystalline glucose derivatives 5a‐d, 6a, b are prepared, studied and compared with reference compounds. The α‐ and β‐D‐dodecyl glucofuranosides 6a, b show smectic A phases. The clearing points of the furanosides are of the same magnitude as those of the pyranosides. The alkyl glucose acetals 5a ‐ d show columnar discotic phases. The clearing points are about 30°C lower than those of the corresponding thioacetals.
NK activity in carrageenan-treated mice. (1980)

NK activity was determined by measuring 51chromium released from Yac-1 target cells incubated with spleen cells from normal or carrageenan (Car)-treated mice. Intraperitoneal administration of a single dose of i-Car (3 mg) provoked splenomegaly in mice. This splenomegaly accompanied during the first days (2-3), a marked increase of NK activity, then a decrease of this activity at day 8-9. It was returned to normal level at day 30. The modulation of NK activity in Car-treated mice is not due to the variation of the number of NK cells, since the frequency of target-binding cells (TBC) was not modified. The increase in NK activity during the first days may be due to the presence of interferon induced by carrageenan. Concomitant injection of an anti-mouse interferon globulin with carrageenan abolished the boosting of NK activity. NK activity of spleen cells from Car-treated mice at day 8 could not be stimulated by interferon in vitro as it could with the normal spleen cells. No decrease of NK activity was observed in Car-treated mice at day 8, when indomethacin was administered. Hence the decrease of this activity in Car-8 mice might be partially due to the alteration of NK effector cells induced by prostaglandins.
Enzymatic Degradation of Ovalbumin by Various Proteases (1997)

An investigation was made of the enzymatic hydrolysis of ovalbumin (OVA), a major allergen in egg white, by various acid and alkaline proteases. Protease YP-SS (acid protease) from Aspergillus niger and alcalase (alkaline protease) from BacilLus licheniformis were found to be useful for the degradation of OVA, respectively. OVA was almost totally hydrolyzed within 15 hr at 37C by alcalase. Alcalase acted rapidly to hydrolyze OVA, with about 90% of OVA being hydrolyzed within 3Omin., the reaction then proceeded more slowly. The antigenicity of the OVA hydrolysate was investigated with IgG raised in rats against OVA and it was apparent that the antigenicity had been almost completely destroyed.
Dynamic Remodeling of Covalent Networks via Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (2018)

Reversible transformations in bulk polymers offer numerous possibilities for materials remodeling and reprocessing. While reversible systems based on dynamic covalent chemistry such as the Diels-Alder reaction and transesterification have been intensively studied to enable local bond dissociation and formation, reports regarding the reversion from bulk network polymers to monomers are rare. Herein, we report a reversibly polymerizable system based on ring-opening metathesis polymerization of cyclopentene derivatives in the bulk state. The network polymer is thermodynamically stable and mechanically robust at room temperature and readily depolymerizes at elevated temperatures to yield liquid monomers that are repolymerized to cross-linked polymers by simply cooling to room temperature. This reversible process was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and rheological tests.
Quantum reservoir computing (2018)

The concurrent rise of artificial intelligence and quantum information poses opportunity for creating interdisciplinary technologies like quantum neural networks. Quantum reservoir processing, introduced here, is a platform for quantum information processing developed on the principle of reservoir computing that is a form of artificial neural network. A quantum reservoir processor can perform qualitative tasks like recognizing quantum states that are entangled as well as quantitative tasks like estimating a non-linear function of an input quantum state (e.g. entropy, purity or logarithmic negativity). In this way experimental schemes that require measurements of multiple observables can be simplified to measurement of one observable on a trained quantum reservoir processor.
Design of photonic crystals with multiple and combined band gaps (2011)

We present and use an algorithm based on convex conic optimization to design two-dimensional photonic crystals with large absolute band gaps. Among several illustrations we show that it is possible to design photonic crystals which exhibit multiple absolute band gaps for the combined transverse electric and magnetic modes. The optimized crystals show complicated patterns which are far different from existing photonic crystal designs. We employ subspace approximation and mesh adaptivity to enhance computational efficiency. For some examples involving two band gaps, we demonstrate the tradeoff frontier between two different absolute band gaps.
Parallelizing BLAST and SOM Algorithms with MapReduce-MPI Library (2011)

Most bioinformatics algorithms are developed in a serial form due to a fast pace of changes in the subject domain and the fact that many bioinformatics tasks can be parallelized as collections of serial jobs communicating at the file system level (High-Throughput Computing, HTC). Recently, a MapReduce-MPI library was made available by Sandia Lab to ease porting of a large class of serial applications to the High Performance Computing (HPC) architectures dominating large federated resources such as NSF Tera Grid. Using this library, we have created two open-source bioinformatics applications. The first one addresses a problem of adapting existing complex and highly optimized serial bioinformatics algorithm to HPC architecture in a minimally invasive way. We built a parallel BLAST implementation that calls the high-level methods of unmodified NCBI C++ Toolkit. We demonstrated scaling for up to 1000 cores on TACC Ranger cluster when processing the sufficiently large input datasets. Using unmodified NCBI Toolkit ensures that the results are compatible across the multitude of settings in the original serial algorithm, and that future versions of the upstream code can be easily integrated. The second application is a Self-Organizing Map (SOM) machine-learning algorithm, popular in bioinformatics applications such as metagenomic binning. The nature of the SOM requires a global synchronization step with a frequency that necessitates the use of an HPC environment. Our implementation of the "batch SOM" uses a mix of MapReduce-MPI and direct MPI calls and scales to 1000 cores as well. This allows easy processing of datasets with a size that is out of range of the serial SOM implementations. Both implementations are available in the open source at http://andreyto.github.com/mgtaxa/.
On-line statistical analysis based fast mode decision for multi-view video coding (2010)

The high computational complexity of multi-view video codecs makes it necessary to speed up for their realization in consumer electronics. Since fast encoding algorithms are expected to adapt to different video sequences, this paper proposes a fast algorithm that consists of fast mode decision and fast disparity estimation for multi-view video coding. The fast mode decision algorithm applies to both temporal and inter-view predictions. The candidates for mode decision are reduced based on a set of thresholds. Differ from the previous fast mode decision algorithms for MVC, this scheme determines the thresholds according to the online statistical analysis of motion and disparity costs of the first GOP in each view. Since the inter-view prediction is time consuming, we propose a fast disparity estimation algorithm to save encoding time. Experimental results show that our proposed scheme reduces the computational complexity significantly with negligible degradation of coding efficiency.