gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Cancer with No Standard of Care (2013)

atrics. It has a 2-phase induction. The first phase includes 4 drugs (daunorubicin, prednisone, vincristine and asparaginase), and the second phase contains cyclophosphamide, cytarabine and 6-mercaptopurine. The drugs in the postremission cycles vary within each regimen and between regimens but include asparaginase and a late cycle of delayed reinduction (a truncated modified induction). Hoelzer et al. [4] adopted the BFM model and modified it for adults, and several of the subsequent adult regimens are variants of this model. The second model, the hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin and dexamethasone (hyper-CVAD) regimen, was developed at the MD Anderson Cancer Center. It consists of 2 cycles alternating 4 times for a total of 8 cycles. Cycle A contains fractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin and dexamethasone, mostly given in the first 5 days; cycle B contains high-dose methotrexate and high-dose cytarabine given over 3 days. In contrast to BFM-based regimens, it contains no asparaginase and is used almost only in adults [5] . The structure of 2 alternating cycles is simpler to follow, and it is widely used in the USA. No apparent outcome advantage was reported for either regimen, and the choice of any ALL treatment is generally based on prior training and practice preferences. The role of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Approximately 6,000 new cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) are diagnosed in the USA each year. Most occur in children, but 40% are in adults 20 years or older. In children, outcomes have improved due to sequential, well-conducted, multi-institutional, randomized clinical trials, rationally designed in a step-by-step manner. Consequently, approximately 80% of all children with ALL are cured. In contrast, the cure rate of adult ALL has remained at 35–40% over the past 30 years [1] . Many large multi-institutional studies were also conducted in adults, but most were not developed systematically and very few were randomized. Furthermore, despite variability in patient characteristics between regimens, the outcomes were almost identical. As a result, this rare cancer has no real ‘standard-of-care’ in adults [2] . In this issue of Acta Haematologica, Buyukasik et al. [3] report a retrospective comparison of 2 treatment approaches in adults. In general, the treatment of ALL is complex, with a variety of chemotherapy agents used in multiple cycles; all regimens include maintenance and central nervous system prophylaxis which distinguish the treatment of ALL from that of acute myeloid leukemia. With a few exceptions, most regimens can be grouped into 2 fundamentally different models [2] . The first of these, the BerlinFrankfurt-Munster (BFM) model, was developed in pediReceived: April 18, 2013 Accepted: April 22, 2013 Published online: June 19, 2013
Alteration of splicing signals in a genomic/cDNA hybrid VEGF gene to modify the ratio of expressed VEGF isoforms enhances safety of angiogenic gene therapy (2005)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated physiological angiogenesis results from the concerted action of three major VEGF isoforms (VEGF121, 165, 189), which arise from alternate splicing. We have previously shown that expression of a mixture of VEGF isoforms via gene transfer is considerably more potent than expression of a single VEGF isoform. To test the hypothesis that different mixtures of VEGF isoforms may offer the same therapeutic benefit with a better safety profile, we compared the efficacy and safety of an adenovirus gene transfer vector expressing the three major VEGF isoforms (AdVEGF-All) in the normal ratio to those of AdVEGF-All6A+, in which the splicing sequences for exon 6A were altered to promote expression of VEGF189 at the expense of VEGF121. Both vectors were equally potent in mediating recovery of hind-limb blood flow following experimental ischemia. By contrast, intravenous administration of AdVEGF-All6A+ yielded enhanced survival and a lower capacity to support tumor growth compared to AdVEGF-All, and intratracheal administration of AdVEGF-All6A+ resulted in less pulmonary edema than that of AdVEGF-All. We conclude that AdVEGF-All and AdVEGF-All6A+ are similar in potency but that AdVEGF-All6A+ is safer. This suggests that AdVEGF-All6A+ may be the preferred candidate for clinical development.
Meiotically and Mitotically Stable Inheritance of DNA Hypomethylation Induced by ddm1 Mutation of Arabidopsis thaliana (1999)

In contrast to mammalian epigenetic phenomena, where resetting of gene expression generally occurs in each generation, epigenetic states of plant genes are often stably transmitted through generations. The Arabidopsis mutation ddm1 causes a 70% reduction in genomic 5-methylcytosine level. We have previously shown that the ddm1 mutation results in an accumulation of a variety of developmental abnormalities by slowly inducing heritable changes in other loci. Each of the examined ddm1-induced developmental abnormalities is stably transmitted even when segregated from the potentiating ddm1 mutation. Here, the inheritance of DNA hypomethylation induced by ddm1 was examined in outcross progeny by HPLC and Southern analyses. The results indicate that (i) DDM1 gene function is not necessary during the gametophyte stage, (ii) ddm1 mutation is completely recessive, and (iii) remethylation of sequences hypomethylated by the ddm1 mutation is extremely slow or nonexistent even in wild-type DDM1 backgrounds. The stable transmission of DNA methylation status may be related to the meiotic heritability of the ddm1-induced developmental abnormalities.
Thermal conductivity of silicon nitride membranes is not sensitive to stress (2015)

We have measured the thermal properties of suspended membranes from 10 to 300 K for two amplitudes of internal stress (about 0.1 and 1 GPa) and for two different thicknesses (50 and 100 nm). The use of the original $3\ensuremath{\omega}$-Volklein method has allowed the extraction of both the specific heat and the thermal conductivity of each SiN membrane over a wide temperature range. The mechanical properties of the same substrates have been measured at helium temperatures using nanomechanical techniques. Our measurements show that the thermal transport in freestanding SiN membranes is not affected by the presence of internal stress. Consistently, mechanical dissipation is also unaffected even though $Q$'s increase with increasing tensile stress. We thus demonstrate that the theory developed by Wu and Yu [J. Wu and C. C. Yu, Phys. Rev. B 84, 174109 (2011)] does not apply to this amorphous material in this stress range. On the other hand, our results can be viewed as a natural consequence of the ``dissipation dilution'' argument [Y. L. Huang and P. R. Saulson, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 69, 544 (1998)], which has been introduced in the context of mechanical damping.
The Ikaros family of zinc-finger proteins (2016)

Ikaros represents a zinc-finger protein family important for lymphocyte development and certain other physiological processes. The number of family members is large, with alternative splicing producing various additional isoforms from each of the five homologous genes in the family. The functional forms of Ikaros proteins could be even more diverse due to protein-protein interactions readily established between family members. Emerging evidence suggests that targeting Ikaros proteins is feasible and effective in therapeutic applications, although the exact roles of Ikaros proteins remain elusive within the intricate regulatory networks in which they are involved. In this review we collect existing knowledge as to the functions, regulatory pathways, and molecular mechanisms of this family of proteins in an attempt to gain a better understanding through the comparison of activities and interactions among family members.
Optical techniques for shock visualization and detection (1995)

Whilethe classical methodsof shadowgraphandschlierendo yielda shadowin the neighborhoodof a shock, they ot_ensuffer from low power densitiesand the need for relativelylong distances.Scanningmethodsmay help in solvingthese problems.The paper describes various scanningtechniques,presents experimentaldata obtained by mechanicalscanning,andidentifiesconditionsat whichthe datawere taken.
Correlation of Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium by Mole Fraction for Ternary System (1973)

先に提出した相関法を, 濃度をモル分率であらわした3成分系について検討した。溶質濃度が10mol%以下の範囲に対しては, 液液平衡比 (y/x) の対数と有機溶媒相内の溶質モル分率 (x) とのプロットまたは水相内の溶質モル分率 (y) とのプロットがほぼ良好な直線となった。重量分率による相関とくらべると, モル分率による方がより広い濃度範囲で成り立った。分配曲線上に最大値のある系にっいては, そのタイラインデータがRaoult型の式であらわされた。しかし相関関係を示す線はわずかに上方に曲がった。プレイトボイント近くの濃度範囲では, 筆者の相関が重量分率の場合と同じくモル分率でもほぼ直線となった。これらの相関は有機物質の3成分系にも適用できる。
A Novel Three-DOF Translational Platform Mechanism and its Kinematics (2000)

Abstract To enrich the type of three-DOF parallel mechanisms, a novel 3-RRC platform mechanism model is presented in this paper. The upper platform of this 3-DOF parallel manipulator can realize three-dimension translations without any rotations. The solutions are developed for both the inverse and forward kinematics. The inverse position kinematics produces two solutions for each limb of manipulator. The forward position kinematics is reduced to an eighth-degree polynomial equation. The velocity and acceleration analyses are also given. Some numerical examples and relational curves are presented finally.
A Simple Method for the Separation of Leukocytes from Whole Blood (1958)

A Simple Method for the Separation of Leukocytes from Whole Blood Get access Edmund Klein, M.D., Edmund Klein, M.D. Children's Cancer Research Foundation, and the Division of Laboratories and Research of The Children's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Sandro Eridant, Sandro Eridant Children's Cancer Research Foundation, and the Division of Laboratories and Research of The Children's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Isaac Djerassi, M.D., Isaac Djerassi, M.D. Children's Cancer Research Foundation, and the Division of Laboratories and Research of The Children's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Robert Resnick, M.D. Robert Resnick, M.D. Children's Cancer Research Foundation, and the Division of Laboratories and Research of The Children's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 29, Issue 6, 1 June 1958, Pages 550–552, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/29.6.550 Published: 01 June 1958 Article history Revision received: 07 January 1957 Accepted: 16 January 1957 Received: 09 November 1957 Published: 01 June 1958
Preparation and Characterization of a pH‐ and Thermally Responsive Poly(<i>N</i>‐isopropylacrylamide‐<i>co</i>‐acrylic acid)/Porous SiO<sub>2</sub> Hybrid (2010)

A multifunctional nanohybrid composed of a pH- and thermoresponsive hydrogel, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid), poly(NIPAM-co-AAc) is synthesized in-situ within the mesopores of an oxidized porous Si template. The hybrid is characterized by electron microscopy and by thin film optical interference spectroscopy. The optical reflectivity spectrum of the hybrid displays Fabry-Pérot fringes characteristic of thin film optical interference, enabling direct, real-time observation of the pH- induced swelling and volume phase transitions associated with the confined poly(NIPAM-co-AAc) hydrogel. The optical response correlates to the percentage of AAc contained within the hydrogel, with a maximum change observed for samples containing 20% AAc. The swelling kinetics of the hydrogel are significantly altered due to the nanoscale confinement; displaying a more rapid response to pH or heating stimuli relative to bulk polymer films. The inclusion of AAc dramatically alters the thermoresponsiveness of the hybrid at pH 7, effectively eliminating the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). The observed changes in the optical reflectivity spectrum are interpreted in terms of changes in the dielectric composition and morphology of the hybrids.
Distribution and aflatoxin productivity of the atypical strains of Aspergillus flavus isolated from soils in Thailand (1986)

The distribution and aflatoxin productivity of atypical sclerotigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus isolated from soils in Thailand were investigated. Out of the 27 soil samples from 8 provinces, 9 samples were detectable for the strains. Among these 9 samples, 7 were collected from the maize fields in two northern provinces: Chiang Rai and Chiang Mai. All of 11 isolates of the strains tested produced aflatoxins, while half of 24 isolates of the typical strains produced them.
A Multi-Marker Approach to Predict Incident CKD and Microalbuminuria (2010)

Traditional risk factors do not adequately identify individuals at risk for CKD. We related a multi-marker panel consisting of the following seven circulating biomarkers to the incidence of CKD and microalbuminuria (MA) in 2345 participants who attended the sixth Framingham Offspring Study examination (1995 to 1998): C-reactive protein, aldosterone, renin, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), plasminogen-activator inhibitor type 1, fibrinogen, and homocysteine. We defined CKD at follow-up (2005 to 2008) as estimated GFR (eGFR) <60 ml/min per 1.73 m²; we defined MA as urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥25 (women) or 17 (men) mg/g on spot urine samples. We identified a parsimonious set of markers related to outcomes adjusting for standard risk factors and baseline renal function, and we assessed their incremental predictive utility. During a mean 9.5-year follow-up, 213 participants developed CKD and 186 developed MA. In multivariable logistic regression models, the multi-marker panel was associated with incident CKD (P < 0.001) and MA (P = 0.003). Serum homocysteine and aldosterone both were significantly associated with CKD incidence, and log-transformed aldosterone, BNP, and homocysteine were significantly associated with incident MA. Biomarkers improved risk prediction as measured by improvements in the c-statistics for both CKD and MA and by a 7% increase in net risk reclassification. In conclusion, circulating homocysteine, aldosterone, and BNP provide incremental information regarding risk for incident CKD and MA beyond traditional risk factors.
Influence of hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane on high-strength biocompatible polycarbonate urethane films (2016)

The present study describes a series of novel polycarbonate urethane films that were fabricated via the solution-casting method from 4,4'-methylenebis(cyclohexyl isocyanate) (H12MDI) and 1,4-butanediol (BDO) chain extender as hard segments, poly(1,6-hexanediol)carbonate diols (PCDL) and hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as soft segments, with dibutyltin dilaurate as the catalyst. Varied molar ratios of PDMS (less than 30%) were utilized to enhance the mechanical properties and biocompatibilities. The microstructure and degrees of phase separation were characterized using atomic force microscopy. The chemical structure and surface morphology of the materials were further confirmed by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H NMR and 13C NMR, water droplet contact angle and scanning electron microscopy. Thermal properties were measured by differential scanning calorimetry. MTT assay and hemolytic tests were studied for evaluating cellular viability and hemocompatibility of fabricated films using L929 fibroblast cells and adult rabbit blood. The results demonstrated polyurethane films with soft segments partially replaced by PDMS could remarkably improve the biocompatibility while maintaining relatively stable mechanical behavior, making them exciting potential candidates for artificial vessels or other tissue engineering applications.
Drive-Current Enhancement in FinFETs Using Gate-Induced Stress (2006)

A novel and simple process for the exploitation of metal-gate-induced stress in the Si channel region of a FinFET is reported. TaN metal-gate electrode was employed. The use of a silicon nitride capping layer, which covered the metal gate during the source and drain anneal, led to a large stress being developed as a result of the thermal-expansion coefficient mismatch between the gate and the capping layer. The resulting strain was retained and transferred to the Si channel. The stress introduced by the gate stressor was found to enhance the performance of the n-channel FinFETs and is believed to be tensile in the source-to-drain direction. This approach may be applicable to other metal-gate materials having a mismatch in the thermal-expansion coefficient with surrounding capping materials.
Polyphenols and Neuroprotection against Ischemia and Neurodegeneration (2011)

Neuroprotection of polyphenols in medical plants is getting attention in the world. Scutellaria baicalensis, paeonia veitchii and paeonia suffruticosa have been extensively studied in the last 10 years and show multi-function. They are neuroprotectants, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory and antithrombic agents as well as vasoconstriction inhibitors and amyloid-peptide (Aβ) cleaners by means of their polyphenols: baicalin, baicalein, wogonin (in scutellaria), and paeonol, paeonoside, paeoniflorin (PF) and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6-Penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (PGG) (in paeonia veitchii and paeonia suffruticosa). Other 4 medical plants: astragali, ligusticum wallichii, angelica sinensis and carthamus tinctorius (saffron) have been the major medicines to treat ischemia for hundreds of years in China, Korea and Japan. Our recent experimental studies demonstrated the neuroprotective efficacy of the combination of these phyotmedicines on mitigating brain infarction and global ischemia as well as preventing the neurodegeneration following ischemia. Owing to their multi-function, including improving cerebral blood circulation, they therefore have the potential to alleviate the symptoms of degenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Pharmacology of the 7 herbs and their major relative polyphenols is depicted in the article.
Extraction of Sodium and Cesium Polyoidides into Nitrobenzene (1963)

Cesium (<5 × 10-3M) can be extracted from aqueous sodium iodide solutions into equal volumes of 0.2M I2 in nitrobenzene at 25°C with extraction coefficients as great as two thousand. Cesium may be back-extracted by equilibration with ∼4M or stronger nitric acid. The separation factor of cesium (∼10-7M) from sodium in extractions made from sodium iodide solutions into equal volumes of 0.2M I2 in nitrobenzene at 25°C remained fairly constant at ∼1500 up to ∼1M NaI. It decreased to ∼100 at 8M NaI. At this point the cesium extraction coefficient was still greater than two. The decrease in the separation factor is seen as largely due to the decrease in the ratio of the activity coefficient of the cesium ion to that of the sodium ion in the aqueous phase. Extraction data for sodium and cesium from various solutions and under a variety of conditions are given. Sodium and cesium ions are seen extracted as ion association compounds with triiodide ions. Polyiodide ions as complex as the enneaiodide are formed subsequently in the organic phase. Sodium and cesium polyiodides are thought to be essentially ionized in nitrobenzene. Extractions are believed to be the result of the “squeezing out” from aqueous solution into nitrobenzene of ion pairs of cations of small ionic potential together with large anions that are compatible with the organic solvent. The driving force behind the extractions comes largely from the reformation of the hydrogen bonded water structure in the relatively large cavities left by the extracted ion pairs.
Anodizing Steel in KOH and NaOH Solutions (2007)

The authors demonstrate that it is possible to anodize steel in either KOH or NaOH solutions and grow an adherent oxide on the steel surface. By varying the temperature, voltage, and electrolyte composition, one may electrochemically grow either an adherent blue-black magnetite layer, a light brown oxide, or a semiadherent dichroic magnetite layer on many different types of steel. The dichroic oxide layers exhibit the different colors of the rainbow depending on the thickness of the layer and the viewing angle. The color is a function of the optical interference for the thin coatings. By selecting a narrow range of temperature, voltage, and electrode spacing, the adherent, blue-black magnetite layer can be grown several microns thick on some carbon steels. These anodized oxides provide corrosion protection and they are also a suitable substrate for bonding organic coatings.
Visual data mining (2003)

Data mining strategies are usually applied to opportunistically collected data and frequently focus on the discovery of structure such as clusters, bumps, trends, periodicities, associations and correlations, quantization and granularity, and other structures for which a visual data analysis is very appropriate and quite likely to yield insight. However, data mining strategies are often applied to massive data sets where visualization may not be very successful because of the limits of both screen resolution, human visual system resolution as well as the limits of available computational resources. In this paper I suggest some strategies for overcoming such limitations and illustrate visual data mining with some examples of successful attacks on high-dimensional and large data sets.
Multi-gigabit wireless communication technology in the E-band (2009)

The enabling technologies and challenges in development of multi-gigabit wireless communication systems in the E-band are discussed. Potentials of the further improvement of the fixed wireless links performance and feasibility of development of the future ad-hoc or mobile wireless networks in the E-band are evaluated.
SETUP REDUCTION AND MACHINE AVAILABILITY (1995)

This paper is an extension of Billington, who used the framework of the economic production quantity (EPQ) to model setup cost reduction. In the present paper, we use the EPQ model as a starting point to investigate the nature of setup costs and the effect of setup time reduction on the increase in available capacity. Reducing setup is vital to a company's success because a lengthy changeover of machinery is expensive: it demands long production runs to justify its cost, and these, in turn, lead to excessive inventory and to a slow response to customer needs. As in Billington, setup reduction is modeled as a function of an annual amortized investment. The paper examines the behavior of the setup time, the inventory cost, the lot size, and the freeing up of machine time in the face of a capacity constraint. A solution algorithm is provided to find setup times that minimize the sum of setup and holding cost, subject to a constraint on machine availability. The analysis sheds light on the true nature of setup cost and on the opportunity cost of not reducing setups. In the constrained optimization, the Lagrangian multiplier gives an estimate of the marginal value of adding one time unit of machine capacity, or, alternatively, of reducing one unit of setup time.
Removing aperture-induced artifacts from fourier transform infrared intensity values (2002)

Two Fourier transform infrared intensity artifacts have been observed at moderately high (0.1 cm(-1)) spectral resolution: Light reflected off the aperture was double modulated by the interferometer, producing a 2f alias, and the warm (approximately 310 K) annulus of the aperture seen by a cooled detector resulted in distorted line shapes and anomalous intensities in the fingerprint region. Although the second artifact has been alluded to previously, we report corrections to remove both of these anomalies and to demonstrate the efficacy of these corrections. Prior to correction, integrated-band intensities were found to be in error by up to 12%.