gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time gesture recognition by learning and selective control of visual interest points (2005)

For the real-time recognition of unspecified gestures by an arbitrary person, a comprehensive framework is presented that addresses two important problems in gesture recognition systems: selective attention and processing frame rate. To address the first problem, we propose the Quadruple Visual Interest Point Strategy. No assumptions are made with regard to scale or rotation of visual features, which are computed from dynamically changing regions of interest in a given image sequence. In this paper, each of the visual features is referred to as a visual interest point, to which a probability density function is assigned, and the selection is carried out. To address the second problem, we developed a selective control method to equip the recognition system with self-load monitoring and controlling functionality. Through evaluation experiments, we show that our approach provides robust recognition with respect to such factors as type of clothing, type of gesture, extent of motion trajectories, and individual differences in motion characteristics. In order to indicate the real-time performance and utility aspects of our approach, a gesture video system is developed that demonstrates full video-rate interaction with displayed image objects.
High Reliability Packaging For Fibre Optic Sources (1987)

Packaging is a key element in attaining high reliability in fiber-optic sources and detectors. In many regards, the challenges of developing stable packaging equal or exceed the challenges faced in manufacturing the critical semiconductors elements. For example, in the development of semiconductor elements it is possible to use high temperature lifetests of a few months to allow prediction of room temperature lifetimes of many tens of years. For packaging, such an extrapolation is not straightforward and may not be possible. However, the conventional wisdom is that there is a significant increase in package degradation rates at elevated temperatures. Consequently, it is generally accepted that packaging design efforts should be aimed at techniques which demonstrate good stability at high temperatures.
<scp>d</scp>-AMINO ACIDS IN ANIMAL PEPTIDES (1997)

D-amino acids have been detected in a variety of peptides synthesized by animal cells. These include opiate and antimicrobial peptides from amphibian skin, neuropeptides from snail ganglia, a hormone from crustaceans, and a constituent of a spider venom. cDNA cloning has shown that at those positions where a D-amino acid is found in the end-product, a normal codon for the corresponding L-amino acid is present. This implies that the D-residues are formed from L-amino acids by a posttranslational reaction. A prototype enzyme catalyzing such a reaction has recently been isolated from the venom of the funnel web spider.
Physicochemical, Water Vapor Barrier and Mechanical Properties of Corn Starch and Chitosan Composite Films (2006)

Biodegradable flexible films were developed from corn starch (CS) and chitosan (CH); their microstructure, mechanical and barrier properties were evaluated. Chitosan and starch blend filmogenic suspensions showed a pseudoplastic behavior, similar to that of chitosan solutions. Smooth surfaces, homogeneous and compact film structures were observed from microstructure studies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The addition of glycerol reduced film opacity and increased film solubility of both CS and composite CS-CH films. Water vapor permeability values of composite CS-CH films plasticized with glycerol ranged between 3.76 and 4.54× 10−11 g s−1 m−1 Pa−1, lower than those of the single component films. CS-CH films were resistant and their flexibility increased with glycerol addition. Tensile strength values of CS-CH films were comparable to those of low-density and high-density polyethylenes but lower than that obtained for cellophane, however, composite biodegradable films showed lower elongation at break values than the synthetic commercial ones. In conclusion, CS-CH films can be described as biofilms with a homogeneous matrix, stable structure and interesting water barrier and mechanical properties, with great possibilities of utilization, and with the advantage of biodegradability.
Focused-ion-beam ‘‘cutter’’ and ‘‘attacher’’ for micromachining and device transplantation (1991)

In focused-ion-beam (FIB) applications of micromachining and device transplantation, four kinds of FIB processes, namely FIB sputtering, FIB-induced etching, redeposition, and FIB-induced deposition, are well utilized. The first and second processes play the role of ‘‘cutter’’ and the third and last processes play the role of ‘‘attacher’’. In this paper, the characteristics of FIB ‘‘cutter’’ and ‘‘attacher’’ are discussed using previously obtained feasibility experimental data and simple simulations.
Factors Predicting Late Recurrence for Estrogen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer (2013)

None of the IHC4 markers provided statistically significant prognostic information in years 5 to 10, except for nodal status and tumor size. ROR gave the strongest prognostic information in years 5 to 10. These results may help select patients who could benefit most from hormonal therapy beyond 5 years of treatment.
Advances in EPDM Technology Structure Determination as a Key to Improved Product Performance and Consistency1 (2015)

stress relaxation Product consistency Recent developments in EPDM produc-tion technology have led to improved control of polymer structure because they have made it possible to control the level of long chain branching. This has resulted in a new generation of EPDM polymers, which are currently being in-troduced in the market. In the late eigh-ties, DSM developed an advanced analy-tical method for quantifiying the level of long chain branching. Using this method, by means of dynamic mechanical spec-trometry a rheological fingerprint of the EPDM polymer structure is obtained, from which the level of long chain branching can be derived. In a produc-tion environment, however, this novel method will be of limited use. Therefore the Mooney Stress Relaxation test has been studied as an alternative method for quantifying polymer structure in terms of (controlled) long chain branch-ing of EPDM polymers. Fortschritte in der EPDM-
Synthesis of Coumarin-functionalized Calix[4]arene and Selective Recognition for L-Tryptophan (2006)

5， ll， 17,23-Tetra-tert-butyl-25,27-bis (7''-methoxycoumarin-3''-methyloxy )-26,28-dihy-droxycalix[4]arenewas 综合了并且描绘。衍生物能与 1:1complexing 比率和 111 L mol~ 的一个明显的平衡常数认出 L-trypto-phan (在由紫外可见、荧光灯的 spectrophotometry 同样溶剂的 DMF-acetonitrile 的 -1) 。
Performance Evaluation of V2V and V2I Messages in C-ITS (2015)

The Cooperative Intelligent Transport System (C-ITS), a system where vehicles cooperate in order to improve traffic safety and efficiency, have recently received a lot of attention. There are several standardization initiatives for the C-ITS, including ETSI TC ITS in Europe and their GeoNetworking protocol. The two primary standardized messages for V2V/V2I (Vehicle-to-Vehicle/Infrastructure) communication are the periodic beacons called Cooperative Awareness Messages (CAM) and the event-triggered warning messages, Decentralized Environment Notifica- tion Messages (DENM). A 10 MHz channel is allocated for exchange of these messages in the 5.9 GHz band, referred to as ETSI G5 in Europe. The utilized access technology is the IEEE 802.11p.\n\nThe frequency of the CAMs are determined by an adaptive algorithm that adjusts the frequency based on the current surroundings. Unlike CAMs, are the dynamic DENMs forwarded by surrounding vehicles through a multi-hop paradigm. This feature extends the communication range for the DENMs, but may also cause a lot of additional overhead and duplicate traffic in the already limited capacity network. The ability to achieve sufficient delivery-rates at a low cost is a major concern for the DENMs. Several forwarding algorithms with various characteristics are standardized for the purpose of efficiently disseminate DENMs. The challenge for these algorithms is to ensure good performance for a variety of situations, including difficult road topologies, varying vehicle-densities and decreased transmission conditions.\n\nThis thesis examines the performance of these messages in various situations through simulations and an analytic study. The advantages as well as the challenges of the different features are discussed and evaluated. The results of the simulations clearly indicates how the achievement of high delivery-rates is determined by the choice of forwarding algorithm. This decision should be carefully considered based on the specific characteristics of the event. The report emphasises how the ability to chose optimal DENM parameter-values are essential for the performance. The paper also includes a thorough description of the necessary technical details of the V2V/V2I messages, in addition to an evaluation of several proposed enhancement techniques.
Comparative analysis of differential power conversion architectures and controls for solar photovoltaics (2012)

Conventional solar photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion architectures are often forced to trade off efficiency and cost for increased power production. The differential power processing approach overcomes this limitation by enabling each PV element to operate at its maximum power point (MPP) while only processing a small fraction of the total power produced. This paper analyzes several differential energy conversion architectures and the associated local controls. Models are developed to describe operation of PV-to-PV and PV-to-bus differential converters. The overall power output of each system under various environmental conditions is compared. A Monte Carlo approach is used to compare three differential conversion implementations over a range of MPP conditions. Experimental results are included for a PV-to-PV, buck-boost differential converter to demonstrate the potential for increased energy production.
Effect of Systemic and Intrathecal Morphine in a Rat Model of Postoperative Pain  (1997)

This is the first study to demonstrate that mechanical hyperalgesia to a nonpunctate stimulus occurs after a surgical incision in the rat. This rat model of postoperative has several similarities to postoperative patients: mechanical hyperalgesia to punctate and nonpunctate stimuli, nonevoked pain, and pain behaviors inhibited by SC and IT morphine. This model also may be useful for predicting analgesia by investigational agents for postoperative pain.
Enhancement of monocyte transendothelial migration by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor: requirement for chemoattractant and CD11a / CD18 mechanisms (1999)

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) enhances and primes monocyte functions, but its role in monocyte migration is poorly understood. We examined monocyte migration across human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) grown on filters. GM-CSF had no chemotactic or chemokinetic effect. However, GM-CSF enhanced monocyte transendothelial migration (TEM) through unstimulated and IL-1-activated (5 h) HUVEC in response to C5a or monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in a dose-dependent fashion, increasing the migration from 28.7 +/- 5.3% to 41.8 +/- 6.2% (n = 8, p < 0.05) and from 34.8 +/- 6% to 50.3 +/- 3.1%, p < 0.05), respectively. The enhanced TEM was inhibited by monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to LFA-1, but not by mAb to Mac-1 or to VLA-4. Furthermore, GM-CSF up-regulated and activated LFA-1, as assessed by NKI-L16 neoepitope expression. The results indicate that: (1) GM-CSF can prime monocytes for increased TEM, (2) GM-CSF enhances LFA-1-mediated monocyte TEM and (3) this effect is in part mediated by increasing LFA-1 expression and activation. Thus, increased GM-CSF production may promote monocyte accumulation in inflammation not only by inducing monocytosis, but also enhancing migration.
Synthesis of 1-Amino-3-[2-(1,7-dicarba-<i>closo-</i>dodecaboran(12)-1-yl)ethyl]cyclobutanecarboxylic Acid:  A Potential BNCT Agent (1997)

The synthesis of an unnatural amino acid, 1-amino-3-[2-(1,7-dicarba-closo-dodecaboran(12)-1-yl)ethyl]cyclobutanecarboxylic acid, was achieved. This new potential BNCT agent was prepared via the monoalkylation of m-carborane with 4-bromobutene to produce 4-m-carboranyl-1-butene, which was then subjected to a 2 + 2 cycloaddition using dichloroketene. The resultant boronated cyclobutanone was reductively dechlorinated prior to the formation of the corresponding hydantoin, which was hydrolized to the title compound in excellent yield.
Polarization in Cadmium Telluride Nuclear Radiation Detectors (1976)

Polarization has been studied in semi-insulating cadmium telluride compensated with chlorine. Several parameters have been considered including surface preparation, nature of the contact, temperature, as well as type and strength of the source. A model that assumes that the space charge region is produced by injected electrons being trapped by deep acceptors explains most of the effects observed. The possible nature of the center is discussed. Finally it is demonstrated that MIS structures are also a practical means to suppress the polarization.
Early Dissemination of NDM-1- and OXA-181-Producing <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> in Indian Hospitals: Report from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 2006-2007 (2010)

Among 39 carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (2.7% overall; Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains) isolated in 2006 and 2007 in India, 15 strains carried bla(NDM-1) and 10 harbored a gene encoding a variant of the carbapenemase OXA-48, named bla(OXA-181). One E. cloacae strain harbored bla(VIM-6), and one K. pneumoniae strain carrying bla(OXA-181) also possessed bla(VIM-5). Multiple pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns and clonal dissemination within and among sites were observed. Isolates producing NDM-1 were disseminated in Indian health care facilities as early as 2006.
Detection of Tumor DNA in Serum of Colorectal Cancer Patients (2002)

We previously found p16 promoter methylation in DNA in the sera of 13 colorectal cancer patients out of 44 (30%) whose tumor DNA exhibited the methylation, using methylation-specific PCR (MSP). To examine whether the cancer detection rate could be improved by using a different tumor marker, we examined the K-ras status in 90 colorectal cancer patients using a mismatch ligation assay. Among the 31 patients showing K-ras gene mutations in their tumors, the same mutations were observed in serum DNA of 11 patients (35%). Among the 90 patients, 63 showed tumors positive for K-ras mutation or p16 promoter methylation, or both, and 22 had serum DNA positive for one or both. K-ras mutation was found even in serum DNA of patients with Dukes A cancer, suggesting that colorectal cancer might be detected even in patients without symptoms by using this ligation assay.
Assessing Academic Listening (2018)

Although listening is often integrated with other language skills in academic study tasks, there is a good case for assessing listening comprehension as a discrete skill. The first step in developing a listening test is to delineate the domain of academic listening situations. It is also necessary to define the construct of listening ability as the basis for determining the skills to be assessed. The choice of topic is another important consideration, given the role of background knowledge in comprehension. Traditionally the stimulus material has been presented to the learners in audio form, but there is an increasing trend to provide visual input of various kinds in the interests of authenticity. However, it is difficult to find authentic speech recordings that are suitable for assessment purposes, hence the need to plan and script input material that lends itself to the setting of test items that target the relevant academic listening skills.
Towards Continuous Flow, Highly Enantioselective Allylic Amination: Ligand Design, Optimization and Supporting (2009)

Abstract A family of enantiopure diphenylphosphinooxazolines (PHOX) containing in their structures a sterically tunable alkoxymethyl group (‐CH 2 OR) has been optimized for the palladium‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic amination. The optimal catalyst (R=CH 3 ), depicting very high catalytic activity and broad scope applicability, has been further modified to include an ω‐alkynyloxy substituent of variable length for polymer supporting via click chemistry , and has been anchored onto slightly cross‐linked azidomethyl poly(styrene). The length of a polymethylene chain connecting the PHOX unit with the 1,2,3‐triazole linker has been optimized, and the first polymer‐supported PHOX ligands for the highly enantioselective allylic amination have been prepared in this manner. Conditions for catalyst recovery and reuse in microwave‐promoted amination reactions have been established, and the system has been finally adapted to continuous flow operation.
A two-stage packet classification algorithm (2003)

Packet classification is essential for routing, Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning, and policy-based firewall deployment. A packet classifier categorizes incoming packets into specific flows, aggregates, or service classes according to pre-defined rules. Previous works transform range-based fields into prefixes to simplify packet classification by deploying a single prefix-based matching scheme. However, range-to-prefix transformation enlarges rule databases thus resulting in huge memory consumption and inefficient searching performance. This paper suggests a two-stage packet classification algorithm to handle prefixes and ranges separately. A novel prefix-based matching scheme is also proposed. Experimental results indicate 95% reduction of storage space in comparison with the Hierarchical Trie (H-Tries), a typical prefix-based approach. Besides, the two-stage algorithm demonstrates efficient searching performance even when the rule database grows large.
Temperature effect on graphene‐filled interface between glass–carbon hybrid fibers and epoxy resin characterized by fiber‐bundle pull‐out test (2018)

ABSTRACT The overall mechanical performance of glass–carbon hybrid fibers reinforced epoxy composites depends heavily upon fiber–matrix interfacial properties and the service temperatures. Fiber‐bundle pull‐out tests of glass (GF) and/or carbon fiber (CF) reinforced epoxy composites were carried out at room and elevated temperatures. Graphene nanoplatelets were added in the interfacial region to investigate their influence on the interfacial shear strength (IFSS). Results show that IFSS of specimens with fiber‐bundle number ratio of GF:CF = 1:2 is the largest among the hybrid composites, and a positive hybridization effect is found at elevated temperatures. IFSS of all the specimens decreases with the increasing of test temperatures, while the toughness shows a contrary tendency. As verified by scanning electron microscopy observations, graphene nanoplatelets on fiber surface could enhance the IFSS of pure glass/carbon and hybrid fibers reinforced epoxy composites at higher temperatures significantly. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135 , 46263.
Polyethylene Imine as an Ideal Interlayer for Highly Efficient Inverted Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes (2014)

Electron‐injecting interlayers (ILs) which are stable in air, inject electrons efficiently, block holes, and block quenching of excitons, are very important to realize efficient inverted polymer light‐emitting diodes (IPLEDs). Two air‐stable polymer electron‐injecting interlayers (ILs), branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) and polyethyleneimine ethoxylated (PEIE) for use in IPLEDs are introduced, and the roles of the ILs in IPLEDs comparing these with a conventional Cs 2 CO 3 IL are elucidated. These polymer ILs can reduce the electron injection barrier between ZnO and emitting layer by decreasing the work function (WF) of underlying ZnO, thereby effectively facilitating electron injection into the emitting layer. WF of ZnO covered by PEI is found to be lower than that covered by PEIE due to higher [N + ]/[C] ratio of PEI. Furthermore, they can block the quenching of excitons and increase the luminous efficiency of devices. Thus, IPLEDs with PEI IL of optimum thickness (8 nm) show current efficiency (13.5 cd A –1 ), which is dramatically higher than that of IPLEDs with a Cs 2 CO 3 IL (8 cd A ‐1 ).
Variable reflection acoustic wall system by active sound radiation (2007)

In the acoustic design of special spaces, such as studios, it may be required to realize diffuse reflection from a specific surface of a wall. Moreover, this requirement often changes with time or situation. In this research study, a new acoustic wall system, which has the potential to cope with such strict requirements, is proposed. The proposed system can vary the reflection characteristics by radiating additional sound from a source located behind the absorbing material. Therefore, if sound is not emitted from the source, it is possible to use the system as a mere sound absorbing material. This system can be used as a rigid wall, provided sound of equal amplitude to the incident sound is emitted from the source. Furthermore, a trial was carried out to make the characteristics of radiated sound being diffuse by using appropriate devices. Several models are proposed and the fundamental characteristics such as directivity were examined. The results show the possibilities for realizing uniform reflection directivity and variable absorption characteristics.
[The intensity and efficiency of a gadfly attack on cattle depending on the number and location of the animals in the herd]. (1989)

The effect of group was studied on cattle being attacked by horse flies of three genera. The method of simultaneous registrations of attacking horse flies in herds of 8 to 100 animals and on single cows was used. It has been shown that the effect of group reveals itself only when animals in the herd reach a certain minimum number, the effect rate depending on peculiarities of attacking of a given species of bloodsuckers, such as a part of responding individuals, distance of an attack, duration of contact with an object. These parameters tend to change with increasing number of animals in the herd. Therefore differences in the intensity of attacks on herds with different cattle stock cannot be explained proceeding only from differences in the occupied areas. The number of attacking horse flies decreases from the periphery of the herd to its centre and is not the same in different parts of the periphery. The effectiveness of attacking, ie the part of sucking individuals of a given species (genus) from the number of horse flies attacking for a definite period of time, is the highest in a large herd and increases in its ranges from the periphery to the centre. This dependence leads to a more even distribution of sucking individuals as compared to attacking ones.