gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The structure and reactivity of nanoscale diamond (2008)

Diamond nanoparticles are another form of carbon nanomaterials with unique properties and applications. This article discusses the progress made in the production, characterisation and functionalisation of this material. The surface structure of nanodiamond allows for the investigation of chemical modifications of the particle surface leading to new materials for composite, biomedical or electronic applications.
A proton free-precession magnetometer for locating buried magnets (1967)

A small, light, cheap, proton free-precession magnetometer is described which can be used to locate buried bar magnets used as markers in botanical field studies.
Introduction: Law & Society in the Context of East Asia (2017)

Traditionally, U.S. legal education has focused quite deliberately on teaching U.S. law and what U.S. law faculty describe as an approach to analysis characterized as "thinking like a lawyer." 1 Today, this does not go far enough.Rather, the lessons offered in U.S. law schools necessarily implicate conceptions of law and of the ways in which law matters outside of the United States.The papers in this collection illustrate this broader vision both because of their substance but also because of the forum in which these articles initially were presented: the annual meeting of the Association of American Law Schools (AALS) in January 2017.The very name of AALS-the Association of American Law Schoolssuggests a national focus.While that may have been the overwhelming interest of the organization initially, in the last decades the AALS gradually has transformed to include issues, faculty, and organizations from outside the United States. 2 As evidence of this
Expression of the common cytokine receptor γ chain by murine dendritic cells including epidermal Langerhans cells (1996)

The common cytokine receptor gamma chain (gamma c) is an indispensable component of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15 receptors, and its expression has been detected in several leukocyte populations, including T cells, B cells, monocytes, natural killer cells, and neutrophils. The purpose of this study was to determine whether gamma c receptors are expressed by dendritic cells (DC). Constitutive gamma c mRNA expression was observed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and/or Northern blotting for: (a) Ia+ epidermal Langerhans cells (LC), (b) 4F7+ splenic DC, (c) granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulated factor-propagated bone marrow-derived DC, and (d) the epidermal-derived DC line, XS52, which retains important functions of epidermal LC. Exposure of XS52 cells to recombinant IL-4 induced a rapid up-regulation of c-myc mRNA expression, and this IL-4-dependent signaling was blocked almost completely by anti-gamma c monoclonal antibody (mAb) TUGm2 in a soluble form. Moreover, c-myc up-regulation was inducible in XS52 cells by the same mAb in an immobilized form. These results imply that molecules recognized by this antibody (i.e. gamma c receptors) are expressed on XS52 cell surfaces. We thus conclude that DC express functional gamma c receptors, which then mediate cytokine-dependent regulation of DC functions.
Development of a Novel Fluid-Loss Control Pill for Placement Inside Gravel-Pack Screens (2000)

Abstract Controlling fluid losses to the formation, both before and after sand control completions, is critical to optimizing production. While mechanical devices, such as flapper valves, remain the preferred choices for preventing fluid loss when the service tools are removed from the production packer, they sometimes fail or otherwise cannot be used. In those instances, chemical fluid loss control pills are frequently used as supplements or contingencies. Unfortunately, this option normally requires remedial treatment that adds cost and can cause a host of additional problems, not the least of which is the risk of formation damage. This paper describes the development of a uniquely engineered fluid-loss control pill, designed for placement inside the gravel pack screen and that has been shown to effectively control fluid loss without the subsequent need of remedial treatment. The authors demonstrate that optimizing the particle size distribution of the bridging particles within the fluid loss pill for specific screen types deposits a surface filter cake against the inside surface of the gravel-pack screen assembly. Complementing the development of the fluid loss control pill, which can be pumped at comparatively small volumes, is a proprietary additive specifically designed to reduce the adhesive forces to metal or rock surfaces and which allows complete cake removal, using only production as the flow medium. The laboratory developmental program and a large-scale screen-flow model designed to simulate pill deposition on various gravel-pack screen types are described. Further, through field experiences, the authors will document the ability of these fluid-loss control pills to produce near zero skin and maximize production without the need for costly and risky remedial removal treatments.
Industrial Boilers and Heat Recovery Steam Generators (2002)

Filled with over 225 boiler/HRSG operation and design problems, this book covers steam generators and related systems used in process plants, refineries, chemical plants, electrical utilities, and other industrial settings. Emphasizing the thermal engineering aspects, the author provides information on the design and performance of steam generators
An architecture of object recognition system for various images based on multi-agents (2002)

An image understanding system for real world images, which has the ability to recognize various kinds of images, is proposed. We propose a multi-agent architecture to integrate object recognition modules for individual target objects. In our method, the recognition results by different agents are fused not only on the evaluations by each modules themselves but also on relations of object locations, sizes, etc. This is carried out autonomously between the agents concerned, and the most reliable result is selected after the arbitration between them. We implemented an experimental system on a parallel computer, and achieved recognition for both indoor and outdoor images.
Clinical Development of PD-1 in Advanced Melanoma (2018)

The development of new treatment options has dramatically improved the landscape for patients with advanced melanoma. Part of these advances emerged through the identification of the importance of factors that regulate the immune system, including proteins that negatively modulate T cell-mediated responses termed "immune checkpoints." Indeed, blockade of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) immune checkpoint served as a proof of principle that the manipulation of these molecules could induce robust anticancer effects, yet limited to a small percentage of patients. Targeting a distinct checkpoint, the PD-1 yielded improved outcomes and reduced toxicity compared with CTLA-4 blockade and, in separate studies, chemotherapy. More recently, combined CTLA-4/PD-1 blockade was shown to result in higher response rates, while accompanied by increased toxicity. In this article, we review the clinical development of anti-PD-1 monotherapy and combinations that may expand the benefit of immunotherapy for patients with advanced melanoma.
Change comes slowly for women in rural Bangladesh. (1997)

Survey results from two disparate rural areas of Bangladesh, Sirajgong and Gopalpur subdistricts in the north-central part of the country and Abhoynagar and Fultala subdistricts in the southwest, offer the opportunity to assess the changing status of women in rural Bangladesh. The survey, conducted by the Mother and Child Health/Family Planning Extension Project of the International Center for Diarrheal Disease Control during 1982-89, collected data on 7433 ever-married women 15-56 years old. The analysis focused on two indicators: women's freedom to move outside their homes (mobility) and women's authority in household decision making. Although most respondents moved freely between households, they rarely traveled outside their village alone. In addition, respondents had little input in household decisions regarding health or expenditures. 65% felt they should be able to decide whether to see a doctor when they were ill or to buy medicine for a sick child, but only 7% actually made such decisions on their own. The majority approved of women working outside their homes, but only 11% did so. Both mobility and authority tended to increase with a woman's age. Women who lived in households headed by their in-laws had less mobility and much less authority. Women from poor homes had greater mobility, but wealth had little effect on household decision making. Education tended to increase decision-making authority but decrease mobility. Finally, the greater economic development, ecological stability, cultural diversity, and social progressiveness in the southwestern region tended to increase both mobility and authority.
Machine learning techniques for energy optimization in mobile embedded systems (2007)

Mobile smartphones and other portable battery operated embedded systems (PDAs, tablets) are pervasive computing devices that have emerged in recent years as essential instruments for communication, business, and social interactions. While performance, capabilities, and design are all important considerations when purchasing a mobile device, a long battery lifetime is one of the most desirable attributes. Battery technology and capacity has improved over the years, but it still cannot keep pace with the power consumption demands of today's mobile devices. This key limiter has led to a strong research emphasis on extending battery lifetime by minimizing energy consumption, primarily using software optimizations. This thesis presents two strategies that attempt to optimize mobile device energy consumption with negligible impact on user perception and quality of service (QoS). The first strategy proposes an application and user interaction aware middleware framework that takes advantage of user idle time between interaction events of the foreground application to optimize CPU and screen backlight energy consumption. The framework dynamically classifies mobile device applications based on their received interaction patterns, then invokes a number of different power management algorithms to adjust processor frequency and screen backlight levels accordingly. The second strategy proposes the usage of machine learning techniques to learn a user's mobile device usage pattern pertaining to spatiotemporal and device contexts, and then predict energy-optimal data and location interface configurations. By learning where and when a mobile device user uses certain power-hungry interfaces (3G, WiFi, and GPS), the techniques, which include variants of linear discriminant analysis, linear logistic regression, non-linear logistic regression, and k-nearest neighbor, are able to dynamically turn off unnecessary interfaces at runtime in order to save energy.
Ultralow Oxygen Treatment for Postharvest Control of <I>Nasonovia ribisnigri</I> (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Iceberg Lettuce (2005)

The aphid Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley) is a common pest of lettuce in the United States. It hinders export of U.S. lettuce to the overseas market such as Japan where it is a quarantined pest. Ultralow oxygen treatments were studied for control of the insect on iceberg lettuce. Small-scale ultralow oxygen treatments in plastic jars were conducted at 1, 5, and 10 degrees C for different durations to determine effective treatment against nymphs and alates of N. ribisnigri. At oxygen levels of 0.015-0.025%, N. ribisnigri can be controlled in 3 d at 1 degrees C, 2 d at 5 degrees C, and 1 d at 10 degrees C. Large-scale ultralow oxygen treatments were conducted in bulk container treatment chambers with commercial iceberg lettuce heads for 2 d at 6 degrees C with oxygen levels of 0.015 and 0.025% and for 3 d at 3 degrees C with oxygen level of 0.015%. All treatments achieved complete control of N. ribisnigri. No negative impact on lettuce quality was detected after 2 wk of posttreatment storage. Therefore, the selected treatments have potential to be commercially developed for postharvest control of N. ribisnigri on iceberg lettuce.
Profiling Cloud Liquid Water by Combining Active and Passive Microwave Measurements with Cloud Model Statistics (2001)

A method for combining ground-based passive microwave radiometer retrievals of integrated liquid water (LWP), radar reflectivity profiles (Z ), and statistics of a cloud model is proposed for deriving cloud liquid water profiles (LWC). A dynamic cloud model is used to determine Z-LWC relations and their errors as functions of height above cloud base. The cloud model is also used to develop an LWP algorithm based on simulations of brightness temperatures of a 20-30-GHz radiometer. For the retrieval of LWC, the radar determined Z profile, the passive microwave retrieved LWP, and a model climatology are combined by an inverse error covariance weighting method. Model studies indicate that LWC retrievals with this method result in rms errors that are about 10%-20% smaller in comparison to a conventional LWC algorithm, which constrains the LWC profile exactly to the measured LWP. According to the new algorithm, errors in the range of 30%-60% are to be anticipated when profiling LWC. The algorithm is applied to a time series measurement of a stratocumulus layer at GKSS in Geesthacht, Germany. The GKSS 95-GHz cloud radar, a 20-30-GHz microwave radiometer, and a laser ceilometer were collocated within a 5-m radius and operated continuously during the measurement period. The laser ceilometer was used to confirm the presence of drizzle-sized drops.
Synthesis of Indium and Indium Oxide Nanoparticles from Indium Cyclopentadienyl Precursor and Their Application for Gas Sensing (2003)

Abstract Decomposition of the organometallic precursor [In(η 5 ‐C 5 H 5 )] in toluene in the presence of methanol (8 vol.‐%) at room temperature leads to the immediate formation of aggregates of indium nanoparticles of 15 ± 2 nm mean diameter. The aggregates are roughly spherical with a mean size of 400 ± 40 nm. The particles were characterized by means of transmission electron and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopies (TEM and HRTEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies indicate that the powder consists of the tetragonal phase of indium. The thermal oxidation in air of these nanoparticles yields well‐crystallized nanoparticles of In 2 O 3 with unchanged morphology (aggregates of nanoparticles of 16.6 ± 2 nm mean diameter with aggregate mean size of 400 ± 40 nm) and without any sign of coalescence. XRD pattern shows that the powder consists of the cubic phase of In 2 O 3 . The electrical conductivity measurements demonstrate that this material is highly sensitive to an oxidizing gas such as nitrogen dioxide and barely sensitive to a reducing gas such as carbon monoxide. Its association with SnO 2 ‐based sensors allows the selective detection of carbon monoxide (30 ppm) and sub‐ppm amounts of nitrogen dioxide (400 ppb) in a mixture at 21 °C and at a relative humidity of 60 %.
Optical Bistability and Monolithic Logic Functions Based on Bistable-Laser Light-Emitting Diodes (1984)

New types of bistable optical devices consisting merely of laser diodes and/or light-emitting diode and photodetectors allow one to achieve optical bistability and optical differential gain. For their novel applications, fundamental optical logic functions such as an optical AND device, inverter, and flip-flop devices are analyzed and demonstrated experimentally for the first time. The inherent simplicity of structure and operation should make it possible to establish these optical digital devices in the form of monolithic optoelectronic integration. Some schemes of their integrated logic elements are also presented and discussed for developing key elements in sophisticated optical data and image processing in the near future.
Restenosis After Coronary Angioplasty (1993)

Coronary angioplasty is used to treat coronary atherosclerotic disease in many patients. One problem with coronary angioplasty is the phenomenon of restenosis. Restenosis appears to be a universal response to arterial wall injury. The biological events that underlie restenosis are characterized by: platelet adhesion and aggregation at sites of damaged endothelium, and within dissections into the medial layers, release of platelet derived growth-promoting substances, inflammation of the injured medial zone, transformation, migration, and proliferation of smooth muscle cells of the media following their activation by growth-promoting substances, secretion of copious amounts of extracellular matrix material, and finally, termination of the growth process following regrowth of endothelium over the damaged area. More than a decade of research work has helped identify clinical correlates of restenosis after coronary angioplasty. Patient-related correlates include male gender, unstable angina, diabetes, and continued smoking after angioplasty. Lesion-related correlates include multilesion and multivessel procedures, higher post-angioplasty residual stenosis, proximal vessel location, location in the left anterior descending coronary artery, location in a vein graft, long lesions, and total occlusions. However, for the purposes of individual patient care, clinical correlates are not particularly helpful. No group of variables has predicted complete freedom from restenosis, and conversely no group of variables has reliably indicated its presence. All patients undergoing angioplasty will require some form of follow-up evaluation. Symptom status by itself has not been found to be useful for predicting restenosis. However, when symptom status is combined with exercise thallium-201 scintigraphy, performed 4-6 months after angioplasty, it is less than ideal, but has a negative predictive value of over 90%. This means that over 90% of patients who are asymptomatic and have no evidence of ischemia by thallium-201 scintigraphy, will not have angiographic restenosis. Numerous clinical trials have been performed in order to reduce or prevent restenosis. Almost all have been disappointing, while a few have been encouraging. Studies of antiplatelet agents such as aspirin, dipyridamole (Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA), and Ticlopidine (Syntex, Humgcao, Puerto Rico) have not shown efficacy, yet studies of an inhibitor of platelet-derived growth factor have been provocatively encouraging. No reduction in restenosis rates was found with the anticoagulants Coumadin (Du Pont Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE, USA) and Heparin (Wyeth-Ayerst, Philadelphia, PA, USA). Fish oils (omega fatty acids) have been found in several clinical trials to provide modest, but encouraging, reductions in restenosis, but await further confirmation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The Relationship Between Insertion Angles, Default Frequency Allocations, and Spiral Ganglion Place Pitch in Cochlear Implants (2015)

A mismatch was observed between the predicted frequency and the default frequency provided by every electrode on all electrode arrays. The mismatch can be reduced by changing the default frequency allocations, inserting electrodes deeper into the cochlea, or allowing cochlear implant users to adapt to the mismatch. Further studies are required to fully assess the clinical significance of the frequency mismatch.
The SCENIC Project: Space-Time Audio Processing for Environment-Aware Acoustic Sensingand Rendering (2011)

This Convention paper was selected based on a submitted abstract and 750-word precis that have been peer reviewed by at least two qualified anonymous reviewers. The complete manuscript was not peer reviewed. This convention paper has been reproduced from the author&apos;s advance manuscript without editing, corrections, or consideration by the Review Board. The AES takes no responsibility for the contents. Additional papers may be obtained by sending request and remittance to Audio
Ultrasonic mate calling in the lesser wax moth (1984)

ABSTRACT. The lesser wax moth, Achroia grisella (Fabricius) (Pyralidae: Galleriinae), uses an altrasonic communication system for mate calling The male produces a 100 kHz sound by striking its tegula with the forewing. This calling sound induces virgin females to orient toward males. Although the pheromone released from the male's wing glands may stimulate kinesis in females, it does not elicit orientation. Female moths are attracted toward synthetic 40 and 72 kHz sounds which simulate the pulse length and repetition rate of the male's calling signal.
Therapie des akuten Leberversagens (1978)

This paper presents criteria for the adequacy of languages to represent interaction mechanisms. It then uses these criteria to analyse the adequacy of UML. We focus on the interaction mechanisms provided by Web Services technology and by CORBA for request/response, callback, polling and (multicast) message passing. We argue that the criteria for adequacy of a design language are that the language should: (1) be expressive enough to represent the mechanisms; (2) be easy to use when expressing them; (3) be platform independent in the sense that it does not force implementation decisions for a mechanism; and (4) behave corresponding to the mechanisms that it represents. We show that these criteria follow logically from the use of a design language in the design process. For UML we evaluate the first three criteria in a qualitative manner. To evaluate the fourth criteria, we present Coloured Petri Nets that capture the behaviour of both the mechanisms precisely and the UML constructs that represent them. Subsequently, we check the correspondence of their behaviour.
Evening use of light-emitting eReaders negatively affects sleep, circadian timing, and next-morning alertness (2014)

In the past 50 y, there has been a decline in average sleep duration and quality, with adverse consequences on general health. A representative survey of 1,508 American adults recently revealed that 90% of Americans used some type of electronics at least a few nights per week within 1 h before bedtime. Mounting evidence from countries around the world shows the negative impact of such technology use on sleep. This negative impact on sleep may be due to the short-wavelength-enriched light emitted by these electronic devices, given that artificial-light exposure has been shown experimentally to produce alerting effects, suppress melatonin, and phase-shift the biological clock. A few reports have shown that these devices suppress melatonin levels, but little is known about the effects on circadian phase or the following sleep episode, exposing a substantial gap in our knowledge of how this increasingly popular technology affects sleep. Here we compare the biological effects of reading an electronic book on a light-emitting device (LE-eBook) with reading a printed book in the hours before bedtime. Participants reading an LE-eBook took longer to fall asleep and had reduced evening sleepiness, reduced melatonin secretion, later timing of their circadian clock, and reduced next-morning alertness than when reading a printed book. These results demonstrate that evening exposure to an LE-eBook phase-delays the circadian clock, acutely suppresses melatonin, and has important implications for understanding the impact of such technologies on sleep, performance, health, and safety.