gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Pharmacological Mechanism of Pronase-Enhanced Low-Dose Antibiotics for Helicobacter pylori Eradication (2014)

This study examined the efficacy and pharmacological mechanism of pronase-assisted low-dose antibiotics for eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Mongolian gerbils infected with H. pylori received 7-day treatment (omeprazole, different concentrations of pronase, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin), and the efficacy was assessed using the eradication rate and the colonization of H. pylori. In Mongolian gerbils orally administered pronase, the thickness of the gastric mucous layer (GML) was examined using immunohistochemical and alcian blue staining, and the concentrations of amoxicillin in gastric tissue and serum were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The eradication rates were 80.0% (12/15) in the high-pronase quadruple group (HPQG) and 86.7% (13/15) in the high-antibiotic group (HAG) (P = 1.000). The antibiotic dose in the HPQG was only 1/20 that in the HAG. Thirty minutes after oral treatment with pronase, the sticky protein of the GML was hydrolyzed, and the GML became thinner. Higher amoxicillin concentrations in both the gastric tissue and serum were observed in the pronase group than in the Am10 group. The concentration of amoxicillin in the Am10-plus-Pr108 group in gastric tissue was 3.8 times higher than in the Am10 group in 5 min. Together, these data suggest that pronase significantly reduced the dose of antibiotics used in H. pylori eradication. The pharmacological mechanism is likely pronase removal of the mucus layer, promoting chemical factor (i.e., gastric acid and pepsinogen) distribution and increasing the antibiotic concentrations in the deep GML, which acted on H. pylori collectively. Thus, pronase may enhance the level of antibiotics for eradication of H. pylori in the clinic.
Computational Investigation of a Boundary Layer Ingestion Propulsion System for the Common Research Model (2016)

The present paper examines potential propulsive and aerodynamic benefits of integrating a Boundary-Layer Ingestion (BLI) propulsion system into the Common Research Model (CRM) geometry and the NASA Tetrahedral Unstructured Software System (TetrUSS). The Numerical Propulsion System Simulation (NPSS) environment is used to generate engine conditions for Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analyses. Improvements to the BLI geometry are made using the Constrained Direct Iterative Surface Curvature (CDISC) design method. Potential benefits of the BLI system relating to cruise propulsive power are quantified using a power balance method, and a comparison to the baseline case is made. Iterations of the BLI geometric design are shown, and improvements between subsequent BLI designs are presented. Simulations are conducted for a cruise flight condition of Mach 0.85 at an altitude of 38,500 feet, with Reynolds number of 40 million based on mean aerodynamic chord and an angle of attack of 2° for all geometries. Results indicate an 8% reduction in engine power requirements at cruise for the BLI configuration compared to the baseline geometry. Small geometric alterations of the aft portion of the fuselage using CDISC has been shown to marginally increase the benefit from boundary-layer ingestion further, resulting in an 8.7% reduction in power requirements for cruise, as well as a drag reduction of approximately twelve counts over the baseline geometry.
Are Normal Hips Being Labeled as Pathologic? A CT-based Method for Defining Normal Acetabular Coverage (2014)

This study provides normative coverage data and a reproducible method for evaluating acetabular coverage. Cranial acetabular retroversion (crossover sign) and a positive posterior wall sign were frequent findings in a young asymptomatic cohort and might be a normal variant rather than pathologic in a significant number of cases.
Role of the prostaglandins in labour and prostaglandin receptor inhibitors in the prevention of preterm labour (2006)

Parturition is composed of five separate but integrated physiological events: fetal membrane rupture, cervical dilatation, myometrial contractility, placental separation, and uterine involution. Prostaglandins (PGs) have central roles in each of these events, but the most studied is myometrial contraction. Elevated uterine PGs or the enhanced sensitivity of the myometrium to PGs leads to contractions and labour. The primary regulator of PG synthesis is the mRNA expression of PG H Synthase (PGHS-2 or COX-2). Given the central role of PGs in labour, this enzyme becomes an obvious therapeutic target for the prevention of preterm labour, the major cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity. Unfortunately, even though the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which inhibit PGHS, are usually successful in suppressing preterm labour or prolonging pregnancy in animal and human studies, the NSAIDS have had adverse effects on fetal physiology and development. Therefore, other means to suppress PG synthesis or action to arrest preterm labour need to be investigated. The PGF2alpha receptor, FP, may prove to be a reasonable target for tocolysis. FP mRNA increases in the mouse uterus at preterm birth, whereas PGF2alpha concentrations do not increase, suggesting elevated uterine sensitivity to contractile agonists is one mechanism for preterm labour initiation. New data shows that administration of a specific FP antagonist, Theratechnologies (THG) 113.31, delays preterm birth in mice and sheep with no observable maternal or fetal side effects. Hence antagonizing PG action offers new hope for delaying preterm birth.
Railroad simulation using OpenTrack (2004)

OpenTrack is a user-friendly railroad network simulation program developed at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology's Institute for Transportation Planning and Systems (ETH IVT). It is a microscopic model that simulates rail system operations based on user defined train, infrastructure, and timetable databases. OpenTrack functions as a railroad laboratory, by, for example, allowing users to define incidents and take infrastructure out of service to evaluate alternative scenarios. The program uses a mixed discrete/continuous simulation process that calculates both the continuous solution of train motion equations and the discrete processes of signal box states and delay distributions. It generates a wide variety of data that can be easily presented in many formats including graphs (e.g. time-space diagrams), tables, and images. OpenTrack's main uses have been to 'evaluate and test infrastructure plans and operating schedules to optimize network and timetable design. It can be run on several different computer platforms and incorporates the benefits of an object oriented programming language with a common data interface structure.
Generating realistic workloads for network intrusion detection systems (2004)

While the use of network intrusion detection systems (nIDS) is becoming pervasive, evaluating nIDS performance has been found to be challenging. The goal of this study is to determine how to generate realistic workloads for nIDS performance evaluation. We develop a workload model that appears to provide reasonably accurate estimates compared to real workloads. The model attempts to emulate a traffic mix of different applications, reflecting characteristics of each application and the way these interact with the system. We have implemented this model as part of a traffic generator that can be extended and tuned to reflect the needs of different scenarios. We also present an approach to measuring the capacity of a nIDS that does not require the setup of a full network testbed.
An easy-to-use site-directed mutagenesis method with a designed restriction site for convenient and reliable mutant screening (2009)

Site-directed mutagenesis (SDM) has been a very important method to probe the function-structure relationship of proteins. In this study, we introduced an easy-to-use, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based SDM method for double-stranded plasmid DNA, with a designed restriction site to ensure simple and efficient mutant screening. The DNA sequence to be mutated was first translated into amino acid sequence and then the amino acid sequence was reversely translated into DNA sequence with degenerate codons, resulting in a large number of sequences with silent mutations, which contained various restriction endonuclease (RE) sites. Certain mutated sequence with an appropriate RE site was selected as the target DNA sequence for designing a pair of mutation primers to amplify the full-length plasmid via inverse PCR. The amplified product was 5'-phosphorylated, circularized, and transformed into an Escherichia coli host. The transformants were screened by digesting with the designed RE. This protocol uses only one pair of primers and only one PCR is conducted, without the need for hybridization with hazardous isotope for mutant screening or subcloning step.
Synthesis, Structures, and Photoinduced Electron Transfer Reaction in the 9,9‘-Spirobifluorene-Bridged Bipolar Systems (2005)

[reaction: see text] A series of 9,9'-spirobifluorene-bridged bipolar compounds DnAm bearing various n:m ratios for triarylamine (D) versus 1,3,4-oxadiazole-conjugated oligoaryl moiety (A) have been synthesized to investigate the corresponding photoinduced electron transfer (PET) property. The excitation behaviors were probed by steady-state absorption, emission, fluorescence solvatochromism, and femtosecond fluorescence up-conversion spectroscopy. The overall reaction dynamics can be rationalized by the rate of PET, in combination with solvent relaxation dynamics. It was found that the rate of PET is dependent on the anchored D/A ratio. The rate of D1A1 and D2A1 was resolved to be approximately 2.44 x 10(12) and 2.32 x 10(12) s(-)(1), respectively, while it is irresolvable in D1A2 and D2A2 (>6.6 x 10(12) s(-)(1)). In another approach, based on the comprehensive X-ray data, cyclic voltammetry, and absorption/emission spectra, the rate of photoinduced electron transfer was also qualitatively estimated. Fair comparisons were made between experimental and theoretical approaches to gain detailed insight into the PET for the titled systems.
Computer‐assisted detection of colonic polyps with CT colonography using neural networks and binary classification trees (2002)

Detection of colonic polyps in CT colonography is problematic due to complexities of polyp shape and the surface of the normal colon. Published results indicate the feasibility of computer-aided detection of polyps but better classifiers are needed to improve specificity. In this paper we compare the classification results of two approaches: neural networks and recursive binary trees. As our starting point we collect surface geometry information from three-dimensional reconstruction of the colon, followed by a filter based on selected variables such as region density, Gaussian and average curvature and sphericity. The filter returns sites that are candidate polyps, based on earlier work using detection thresholds, to which the neural nets or the binary trees are applied. A data set of 39 polyps from 3 to 25 mm in size was used in our investigation. For both neural net and binary trees we use tenfold cross-validation to better estimate the true error rates. The backpropagation neural net with one hidden layer trained with Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm achieved the best results: sensitivity 90% and specificity 95% with 16 false positives per study.
Development of New Gradient Index Glasses for Optical Imaging Systems. (1991)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Rochester. College of Engineering and Applied Science. Institute of Optics, 1990.
Cytotoxicity of antifolate inhibitors of thymidylate and purine synthesis to WiDr colonic carcinoma cells. (1993)

We have studied the cytotoxicity of 5,10-dideazatetrahydrofolate (DDATHF) and of D-1694 to human WiDr colonic carcinoma cells as a model system for the effects of pure inhibitors of either the de novo purine synthesis pathway or thymidylate synthesis. The growth of this cell line was inhibited by very low concentrations of either agent and the lethality of DDATHF and D-1694 was completely prevented by continuous exposure to either hypoxanthine or thymidine, respectively, indicating that these compounds were very potent metabolic inhibitors, each specific for one of these pathways. D-1694 was highly cytotoxic (> 3 logs of kill) after a 4-h exposure to 1 microM drug, or a 24-h exposure to very low concentrations (0.04 microM). On the other hand, the cytotoxicity of DDATHF was substantially lower, with 2 logs of cell kill requiring >> 100 microM with 4 h of exposure or approximately 40 microM for 72 h of exposure. Maximal cell kill induced by D-1694 was 5-6 logs, consistent with elimination of all viable cells except preexisting mutants. A maximum of 2-3 logs of cell kill was observed with DDATHF. Exposure of WiDr cells to either D-1694 or DDATHF caused striking cellular changes, but the morphologies of cells treated with the two drugs were remarkably different. D-1694-treated cells detached from the dish within 1-2 days after a megaloblastosis, whereas DDATHF-treated cells remained adherent to the dishes for at least 10 days after treatment. The addition of thymidine to D-1694-treated cultures or hypoxanthine to DDATHF-treated cells after up to 20 h of drug exposure completely prevented cytotoxicity of either drug. With longer exposures, cytotoxicity of both drugs progressively increased in spite of such rescue. Our results indicate that substantial (99-99.9%) tumor cell kill can be induced by a pure inhibitor of purine synthesis, but that the rate of commitment to cell death and the extent of cell kill is greater with a pure inhibitor of thymidylate synthesis.
Fiber Bragg grating technologies and applications in sensors (2006)

We review recent advances in development of fibre grating based optical biosensor devices and applications. The emphases will be on novel grating structures UV-inscribed in D-shape, single and multi mode, and multicore fibres and their post-sensitisation by HF-etching technique. Some of these devices have been used to detect concentration of hemoglobin protein in sugar solution, showing a sensitivity as high as 20 nm/1%
Synthesis of High-Quality Monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub> by Direct Liquid Injection (2020)

We report the synthesis of high-quality single monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub> samples using a novel technique that utilizes direct liquid injection (DLI) for the delivery of precursors. The DLI system vaporizes a liquid consisting of a selected precursor dissolved in a solvent into small, micron-sized droplets in an expansion chamber maintained at a selected temperature and pressure, before delivery to the deposition chamber. We demonstrate the synthesis of monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub> on SiO<sub>2</sub>/Si substrates using the DLI technique with film quality superior to exfoliated samples or those grown by traditional tube furnace chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods. Photoluminescence measurements of DLI monolayers exhibit consistently brighter emission, narrower line width, and higher emission energy than their exfoliated and CVD counterparts. Conductive atomic force microscopy identifies a defect density of 8.3 × 10<sup>11</sup>/cm<sup>2</sup> in DLI MoS<sub>2</sub>, lower than the measured density in CVD material and nearly an order of magnitude improvement over the exfoliated MoS<sub>2</sub> investigated under the same conditions. The DLI method is directly applicable to many other van der Waals materials, which require the use of challenging low vapor pressure precursors, to the growth of alloys, and sequential growths of dissimilar materials leading to van der Waals heterostructures.
Synthesis, Properties, and Reactions of Monosulfonated Triphenylphosphine (PPh<sub>2</sub>(<i>m</i>-C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>SO<sub>3</sub>K) = TPPMS) Complexes of Iridium(I). Crystal and Molecular Structure of [N(CH<sub>2</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)(C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup>][PPh<sub>2</sub>(<i>m</i>-C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>SO<sub>3</sub>)<sup>-</sup>]·H<sub>2</sub>O (1997)

Iridium complexes containing the TPPMS ligand (TPPMS = PPh2(m-C6H4SO3K)) have been prepared and studied in DMSO and H2O as a comparison to the PPh3 analogues in toluene. Measurements of the pH of the complexes show that most are almost neutral, but Ir(CO)(H)(TPPMS)3 is basic (pH = 10.7). The basicity of Ir(CO)(H)(TPPMS)3 is confirmed by its reaction with H2O to give Ir(CO)(H)2(TPPMS)3+. In aqueous solution, reaction of trans-Ir(CO)(OH)(TPPMS)2 with H2 produces only fac-Ir(CO)(H)3(TPPMS)2 not the usual mixture of facial and meridional isomers. This is attributed to a hydrogen-bonding interaction between the two cis-TPPMS ligands in H2O. Reaction of trans-Ir(CO)(Cl)(TPPMS)2 with CO in water produces [Ir(CO)2(TPPMS)2+]Cl- and [Ir(CO)3(TPPMS)2+]Cl sequentially in a reaction that is pH dependent. Reaction of trans-Ir(CO)(OH)(TPPMS)2 with CO results in products based on the water gas shift-reaction. These complexes of TPPMS are spectroscopically very similar to the PPh3 analogues, but display significantly different reactions in H2O.
A highly bent fragment of Crithidia fasciculata kinetoplast DNA. (1986)

Kinetoplast DNA minicircles from Crithidia fasciculata contain a single major region of bent helix. Restriction fragments containing this bent helix have electrophoretic behavior on polyacrylamide gels which is much more anomalous than that of previously studied bent fragments. Therefore, the C. fasciculata fragments probably have a more extreme curvature. Sequencing part of a cloned minicircle revealed an unusual structure for the bent region. In a sequence of 200 bases, the bent region contains 18 runs of 4-6 As with 16 of these runs in the same strand. In some parts of this sequence the A runs are regularly spaced with a periodicity of about 10 base pairs. This spacing is nearly in phase with the twist of the DNA helix. This same sequence arrangement has been observed in other bent fragments, but the number of A runs is much greater in this C. fasciculata sequence. It is likely that there are small bends associated with each A run which, because of their periodic spacing, add up to produce substantial curvature in this molecule. In addition to having highly anomalous electrophoretic behavior, the fragment has unusual circular dichroism spectra. Its spectrum in the absence of ethanol is that of B DNA, but ethanol in the concentration range of 51-71% (w/w) induces changes to forms which are different from those of any well characterized DNA structure. The C. fasciculata bent helix is neither cleaved by S1 nuclease nor modified by bromoacetaldehyde under conditions in which other unusual DNA structures (such as cruciforms or B-Z junctions) are susceptible to attack by these reagents. Finally, a two-dimensional agarose gel analysis of a family of topoisomers of a plasmid containing the bent helix revealed no supercoil-induced relaxation.
On the Effects of Gastric Hormone “Productin” on the Liver Cells (1954)

The authors have searched the effects of productin (FUJIE), a gastric hormone, on the liver cells. For this purpose, the authors have performed the following experiments: 1. sesame oil (37°C, 1cc.) was instilled into the stomach of starved rats, 2. the same administration of sesame oil was performed after ligation of the pylorus, 3. histamine (3mg) was injected subcutaneously into starved rats, and 4. 2hrs. after sesame oil administration, histamine was injected subcutaneously. Then the authors have analysed histamine in the blood quantitatively, and observed the plastosomes in the liver cells.It has been demonstrated, according to the results obtained in each experiment, that the thickening and the changes of the forms of plastosomes in the liver cells have a relationship with the quantity of histamine in the blood. Regardless of a giving or not giving sesame oil or even of a starvation, cells showed active functional figures, with thick plastosomes, when there was a large amount of histamine in the blood, on the other hand, most of the plastosomes were long rod-shaped, when the histamine in the blood decreased. The phenomena have no relation with metabolic substances in the cells. Therefore the thickening and granulating of the plastosomes hardly occurred by the acting of sesame oil itself, but might have been brought about by productin (histamine) which is secreted from the gastric mucosa followed by instilling of sesame oil.
A critical analysis of tinnitus measuring methods (2007)

There is no consensus about tinnitus measuring methods, causing criticism in the methodology used in many papers. In Brazil, the simplest methods are the most used.
Chemoselective Hydrogenation of the Olefinic Bonds Using a Palladium/Magnesium‐Lanthanum Mixed Oxide Catalyst (2012)

Abstract A palladium/magnesium‐lanthanum mixed oxide catalyst is found to be an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the chemoselective hydrogenation of olefinic double bonds in the presence of various functional groups. The catalyst was recovered by centrifugation and reused for several cycles with consistent activity and selectivity.
Power-friendly access network selection strategy for heterogeneous wireless multimedia networks (2010)

Apart from the number and types of applications available to users of diverse devices with various characteristics, a highly relevant issue in current and future wireless environment is the coexistence of multiple networks supported by various access technologies deployed by different operators. In this context, the aim is to keep the mobile users “always best connected” anywhere and anytime in such a multi-technology multi-application multi-terminal multi-user environment. Multimedia streaming to battery powered mobile devices has become widespread. However, the battery power capability has not kept up with the advances in other technologies and it is rapidly becoming a concern. Since multimedia applications are known to be high energy consumers and since the battery life-time is an important factor for mobile users, this paper proposes a network selection algorithm which bases its decision on the estimated energy consumption. The proposed solution enables the multimedia stream to last longer while maintaining an acceptable user perceived quality by selecting the least power consuming network.
Comparison of four paper imaging techniques : β-radiography, electrography, light transmission, and soft X-radiography (2018)

Four paper imaging techniques (beta-radiography, electrography, light transmission, and soft X-radiography) were compared in terms of their process parameters and image characteristics (exposure time, spatial variation, contrast, spatial resolution, correlation with mass, and limitation in basis weight range) with the same newsprint samples and the same electron microscope film. Electrography gave a higher spatial resolution, shorter exposure time, and the wider basis weight range than beta-radiography. The light transmission image could be obtained in a very short time, but it gave the poorest spatial resolution and correlation with mass. Soft X-radiography gave the highest spatial resolution but the poorest spatial variation and contrast.
Myeloid differentiation and susceptibility to HIV-1 are linked to APOBEC3 expression (2007)

HIV-1 recognition by, interaction with, and/or infection of CD4(+)CCR5(+) tissue macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) play important roles in HIV-1 transmission and pathogenesis. By comparison, circulating CD4(+)CCR5(+) monocytes appear relatively resistant to HIV-1, and a fundamental unresolved question involves deciphering restriction factors unique to this precursor population. Not only do monocytes, relative to macrophages, possess higher levels of the innate resistance factor APOBEC3G, but we uncovered APOBEC3A, not previously associated with anti-HIV activity, as being critical in monocyte resistance. Inversely correlated with susceptibility, silencing of APOBEC3A renders monocytes vulnerable to HIV-1. Differences in promiscuity of monocytes, macrophages, and DCs can be defined, at least partly, by disparities in APOBEC expression, with implications for enhancing cellular defenses against HIV-1.