gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison Study of Produced Water Treatment Using Electrocoagulation and Adsorption (2020)

In the present work, electrocoagulation and adsorption were applied as environmentally friendly methods to treat produced water (PW) obtained from East Baghdad oil field. Electrocoagulation was applied using iron-iron and aluminum-aluminum electrodes while modified silica was used as adsorbent material to remove total dissolved solids (TDS) and reduce electrical conductivity (EC) of produced water. XRD, SEM and AFM were used to characterize the modified silica. The experiments were achieved using different adsorbent doses (0.2 and 0.4 mg/L) and contact times (30-180 min) at room temperature. The results showed that the electrocoagulation failed to treat the produced water. The surface roughness of modified silica had a significant role in adsorbing TDS. The lowest values of TDS and EC were 513 mg/L and 781 μS/cm, respectively, obtained using adsorbent dose of 0.4 mg/L modified silica at a contact time of 180 min. These results were within the permissible limit according to the specifications of the WHO to provide the possibility of reuse of produced water when re-injected into oil wells.
The Zen of overclocking (2004)

The author spotlights "better-than-worst-case" design. With normal worst-case design, any computing system is a conglomeration of components, operating within frequencies, power supply voltages, and temperature ranges that were set to simultaneously accommodate worst-case values of every single component. These stacked margins result in noticeable headroom under nominal conditions. It is this headroom that lets the overclockers ply their trade and provides ammunition to the conspiracy theory-minded among them. Overclockers can demonstrate computers apparently running stably at substantially higher clock rates than those that the chip vendors guarantee. The author looks at whether they have a point.
Induction of the small stress protein, hsp25, in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells by anticancer drugs (1994)

Treatment of in vitro cultured Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells with cisplatin, daunomycin, doxorubicin, cytosine arabinoside, 3'-fluorodeoxythymidine, colchicine and vincristine in cytostatically effective concentrations results in significantly increased levels of the small stress protein, hsp25, as analyzed by immunoblotting. However, no induction of hsp25 could be detected after treatment of the tumour cells with 5-fluorouracil, aminopterin, amethopterin, mithramycin and cyclophosphamide. None of these cytostatic drugs induces hsp70.
Laguerre-Model Blind System Identification: Cardiovascular Dynamics Estimated From Multiple Peripheral Circulatory Signals (2005)

This paper presents a method for comparing multiple circulatory waveforms measured at different locations to improve cardiovascular parameter estimation from these signals. The method identifies the distinct vascular dynamics that shape each waveform signal, and estimates the common cardiac flow input shared by them. This signal-processing algorithm uses the Laguerre function series expansion for modeling the hemodynamics of each arterial branch, and identifies unknown parameters in these models from peripheral waveforms using multichannel blind system identification. An effective technique for determining the Laguerre base pole is developed, so that the Laguerre expansion captures and quickly converges to the intrinsic arterial dynamics observed in the two circulatory signals. Furthermore, a novel deconvolution method is developed in order to stably invert the identified dynamic models for estimating the cardiac output (CO) waveform from peripheral pressure waveforms. The method is applied to experimental swine data. A mean error of less than 5% with the measured peripheral pressure waveforms has been achieved using the models and excellent agreement between the estimated CO waveforms and the gold standard measurements have been obtained.
A Composite, Multilayered Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator (2005)

The analysis of TE modes in a composite multilayered cylindrical dielectric resonator is presented. All cylindrical dielectric resonator structures which have found some practical applications can be treated as a special case of the structure under consideration. These include: single resonator, double resonator, ring resonator, resonator in microstrip, inhomogeneous resonator and others. A new rigorous method of determining the field distribution and resonant frequency of this resonator is presented. By this method the solution is obtained in a form of successive approximations converging to an exact solution. The analysis is applied in detail to the lowest frequency TE mode of double dielectric resonator.
Automatic Diagnostic System of Electrical Equipment Using Infrared Thermography (2009)

An automatic diagnosis system is proposed by this paper for a more and more important issue, preventive maintenance. Every year, various workplace accidents happen due to undesirable maintenance. No matter how stringent the rules governing the maintenance of electrical equipment may be, it is always a challenge for the power industry due to the large number of electrical equipment and the shortage of manpower. In this paper, an automatic diagnosis system for testing electrical equipment for defects is proposed. Based on nondestructive inspection, infrared thermography is used to automate the diagnosis process. Thermal image processing based on statistical methods and morphological image processing technique are used to identify hotspots and the reference temperature. Qualitative and quantitative analyses are carried out on the gathered information and inspection results are presented after being processed by the diagnosis. The thermal diagnosis system proposed by this paper can be used at the various power facilities to improve inspection efficiency as illustrated in the experiment results.
Hydrogen-Bonded Tapes Based on Symmetrically Substituted Diketopiperazines:  A Robust Structural Motif for the Engineering of Molecular Solids (1997)

A series of eight symmetrically substituted diketopiperazines (DKPs) derived from 1-amino-1-carboxycycloalkanes (n = 3−7; 3,3,5,5-tetramethylcyclohexane; 4,4-dimethylcyclohexane; 2-indan) were synthesized and their crystal structures determined. In the solid state, all eight compounds form two pairs of hydrogen bonds with two adjacent molecules to form a one-dimensional structure that we refer to as “tapes”. These molecules represent a range of volumes and shapes that contain a common molecular fragment (DKP ring). We examined this series of compounds with three objectives in mind: (i) to establish the ability of the hydrogen-bonded “tape” motif to persist through these differences in volume and shape; (ii) to provide a series of structurally related compounds to use to test computational methods of predicting crystal structure from molecular structure; (iii) to search for qualitative correlations between molecular structure and crystal packing. All compounds form tapes and with one exception, all tapes pack with their long axes parallel. When viewed down their long axis, two types of tapes emerge: planar and nonplanar. The type of tape that forms reflects the conformation adapted by the DKP ringplanar or boat. Planar tapes form when the angle (α) between the two planes defined by the cis-amides in the DKP ring is 180°; nonplanar tapes form when α < 180°. Five of the eight compounds studied form planar tapes, the remaining three compounds form nonplanar tapes. Despite the variability in volume and shape represented by this series of molecules, the persistence of the tape motif in their crystalline solids suggests that the hydrogen-bonding interactions between DKPs dominate the packing arrangement of these molecules. Void space in the crystalline solid is minimized by parallel alignment of tapes that pack in a manner that permits the interdigitation of substituents on adjacent tapes.
Evaluating Community Recreation (1953)

(1953). Evaluating Community Recreation. Journal of the American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation: Vol. 24, No. 5, pp. 25-43.
Simple, efficient technique for exposing surfaces to hydrogen atoms (1996)

A device is described for the efficient generation of H atoms by thermal dissociation of H2. Hydrogen molecules exit a small hole in the wall of a Mo tube (with a solid end cap) and strike a hot W foil held at ∼45° to the flux. The sample is positioned to intercept the H-atom flux leaving the foil. The technique is demonstrated by exposing a Si (100)-(2×1) surface to the H-atom flux and the efficiency for producing the H-induced (2×1)→(1×1) conversion compared with that of the conventional approach using a W filament and a random H2 flux.
Herpes zoster—predicting and minimizing the impact of post-herpetic neuralgia (2001)

Herpes zoster results from reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus in the dorsal root ganglia and is frequently associated with severe pain. Most patients suffer acute pain during the rash phase, and in many, prodromal pain or discomfort also precedes the rash. The pain of herpes zoster gradually resolves with time, but may persist after the acute disease as post-herpetic neuralgia for weeks, months or even years. Post-herpetic neuralgia, the most common complication of herpes zoster, often results in significant morbidity and healthcare resource usage. Early treatment with oral antivirals has been shown to accelerate the resolution of postherpetic neuralgia, with therapeutic effects particularly evident in the over-50 age group, where pain generally persists for longer. Progressively increasing life expectancy of the population translates to increasing numbers of cases of herpes zoster. The socio-economic gains associated with active management, including use of oral antivirals where indicated, to speed resolution of pain and post-herpetic neuralgia, readily justify additional cost.
Treatment with α-Galactosylceramide Before <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> Infection Provides Protection or Induces Failure to Thrive (2002)

Trypanosoma cruzi, a protozoan parasite, chronically infects many mammalian species and triggers a chronic inflammatory disease. Invariant Valpha14 NK T (iNKT) cells are a regulatory subset of T cells that can contribute to protection against pathogens and to control of chronic inflammatory diseases. alpha-Galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) is an iNKT cell-specific glycolipid Ag: a single immunization with alpha-GalCer stimulates robust IFN-gamma and IL-4 production by iNKT cells, while multiple immunizations stimulate IL-4 production, but limited IFN-gamma production. We recently demonstrated that iNKT cells help control T. cruzi infection and affect the chronic Ab response. Therefore, alpha-GalCer treatment might be used to increase protection or decrease chronic inflammation during T. cruzi infection. In this report, we show that a single dose of alpha-GalCer before T. cruzi infection decreases parasitemia. This protection is independent of IL-12, but dependent upon iNKT cell IFN-gamma. In addition, alpha-GalCer treatment of the IFN-gamma(-/-) mice exacerbates parasitemia through IL-4 production. Furthermore, a multiple dose regimen of alpha-GalCer before T. cruzi infection does not lower parasitemia and, surprisingly, after parasitemia has resolved, causes poor weight gain. These data demonstrate that during T. cruzi infection glycolipids can be used to manipulate iNKT cell responses and suggest the possibility of developing glycolipid treatments that can increase protection and possibly decrease the chronic inflammatory pathology.
Optical-vortex laser ablation (2010)

Laser ablation of Ta plates using nanosecond optical vortex pulses was carried out, for the first time. It was suggested that owing to orbital angular momentum of optical vortex, clearer and smoother processed surfaces were obtained with less ablation threshold fluence, in comparison with the ablation by a nonvortex annular beam modified from a spatially Gaussian beam.
A randomized attempt to increase the efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer by hormonal synchronization. (1984)

Human breast cancer cells in tissue culture can be growth inhibited by tamoxifen, an inhibition that can be reversed by estrogen. The question of whether tamoxifen inhibition of breast cancer followed by estradiol reversal would increase the efficacy of chemotherapy was asked. One hundred ten patients were prospectively randomized to chemotherapy consisting of cytoxan (750 mg/m2) and Adriamycin (30 mg/m2) on day 1 plus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (500 mg/m2) and methotrexate (MTX, 40 mg/m2) on day 8 versus the same chemotherapy plus tamoxifen (20 mg/m2) on days 2-6 and premarin (0.625 mg every 12 hours for three days) on day 7. Chemotherapy was given in 21-day cycles. The first 55 patients were randomized to a regimen in which 5-FU preceded MTX by 24 hours; thereafter, all patients received MTX followed in one hour by 5-FU. No difference in any response parameter was seen between these two 5-FU/MTX schedules. A limited number of patients with inflammatory breast cancer had a significantly higher response rate (93% versus 61%; p = 0.03) than patients with recurrent metastatic disease. Time to progression (13 versus 17 months) and survival (17 versus 23 months) of responders significantly favored the treatment arm including tamoxifen and premarin. Whereas an additive effect of hormones plus chemotherapy cannot be entirely excluded as the explanation for the improved results with the addition of tamoxifen for four days plus one day of premarin, results suggest that further efforts to increase the efficacy of chemotherapy by perturbing tumor growth rates may be worthwhile.
Demographic and clinical parameters influencing the short-term outcome of anti-tumor necrosis factor (infliximab) treatment in Crohn's disease (2002)

In this large cohort of infliximab-treated CD patients, young age, Crohn's colitis, and concomitant immunosuppressive treatment were identified as independent variables favoring short-term response to infliximab.
Deadlock avoidance policy for Petri-net modeling of flexible manufacturing systems with shared resources (1996)

Multiple products through a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) with limited resources can lead to deadlock. In this paper, the authors study the problem of deadlock avoidance by using the Petri net (PN) model for FMSs and introducing the concept of deadlock structure. The necessary and sufficient conditions to prevent deadlock are characterized. The authors use a state feedback restriction policy which prevents some enabled transitions from firing for avoiding deadlock in the system. In particular, when the number of any key kind of resources is greater than one, this policy is minimally restrictive and allows the maximal use of resources in the system. The authors present the PN realization of these restriction policies when the closed-loop system can be modeled by a live PN. The restriction policies can be easily implemented. An example is provided for illustration.
Risk Stratification for Sudden Cardiac Death in Dilated Cardiomyopathy Using Microvolt-Level T-Wave Alternans (2001)

Predicting sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is difficult, so the present study evaluated the efficacy of microvolt-level T-wave alternans (TWA) and compared it with conventional parameters for prospective risk stratification of SCD in patients with DCM. Eighty-two patients with DCM (53+/-15 years old, 67M/15F) underwent assessment of TWA, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDd), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), signal-averaged ECG, and analysis of 24-h Holter monitoring and QT dispersion (QTd). The endpoint of the study was defined as either SCD or documented sustained ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (SVT/VF) during the follow-up period. During an average follow-up period of 24 months, 1 patient died suddenly and 9 patients had SVT/VF. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that TWA, LVEF (< or =35%), nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, and QTd (>90ms) were significant univariate risk stratifiers (p<0.005, p<0.005, p<0.005, and p<0.05, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that TWA and the LVEF were statistically significant independent risk stratifiers (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). A combination of TWA and LVEF identified high risk DCM patients (p<0.01); TWA for the electrical substrate and the LVEF for the hemodynamic function.
Adaptive Design of OFDM Radar Signal With Improved Wideband Ambiguity Function (2009)

We propose an adaptive technique to design the spectrum of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform to improve the radar's wideband ambiguity function (WAF). The adaptive OFDM signal yields a better auto-correlation function (ACF) that results into an improved delay (range) resolution for the radar system. First, we develop a mutlicarrier OFDM signal model and the corresponding WAF at the output of the matched filter, emphasizing that the received signal depends on the scattering parameters of the target. Then, we devise an optimization procedure to select the OFDM waveform such that the volume of the corresponding WAF best approximates the volume of a desired ambiguity function. We demonstrate the improvement in the resulting ambiguity function, along with the associated ACF, through numerical examples. We find that the optimization algorithm puts more signal energy at subcarriers in which the target response is weaker.
Reliable 1.01-μm band laser diode pumped praseodymium-doped In/Ga-based fluoride fiber amplifiers at 1.3 μm (1998)

A practical 1.3 /spl mu/m optical fiber amplifier with reliable 1.01-/spl mu/m band laser diode pump light sources and an efficient praseodymium-doped In/Ga-based fluoride fiber is presented. A praseodymium-doped In/Ga-based fluoride fiber is characterized using measurable parameters, and amplified characteristics are theoretically analyzed. Signal output power of +16.2 dBm (42 mW) is achieved for an amplifier pumped by four 1.01-/spl mu/m band laser diodes. By using the amplifier as a power booster, data of 2.5 Gb/s is successfully transmitted more than 100 km.
Cross correlation of m-sequences-some unusual coincidences (2002)

In general, the problem of computing cross-correlations between m-sequences by analytical techniques has been declared untractable. In this research, cross-correlations for all sequences of lengths up to 2/sup 18/-1 have been examined numerically, in the hope of finding some predictable patterns. One pattern which emerged from this numerical analysis was the existence of cross-correlation peaks well in excess of those predicted by statistical techniques. This paper demonstrates these "anomalous" peaks to be due to finite algebra effects. These results suggest the existence of some algebraically computable correlations, apart from those already known from Galois field theory. The technique developed here can be used to determine the pairs of sequences with high cross-correlation peaks, the approximate value of these peaks and the relative phasing of the sequences. Elimination of such pairs of sequences results in a dramatic reduction in the peak cross-correlation among the set of remaining sequences. These have been named "constrained connected sets". When used in conjunction with sequences whose cross-correlations are predictable by Galois field analysis, this technique may prove useful in the design of code families to meet specific cross-correlation requirements.
Nuclear receptor coregulators (2003)

It has been postulated that nuclear receptors (NRs) regulate transcription via interactions with chromatin and the basal transcription machinery at the promoters of genes. Coregulators (coactivators or corepressors) are important in mediating these interactions and thereby modulating positive or negative receptor activity. A large number of putative coactivators have been isolated, several of which will be reviewed with respect to certain "criteria" initially proposed for coactivators. We will discuss, with reference to in vitro and in vivo experiments, the main steps in initiation that are influenced by coactivators: (1) initiation (e.g., SRC-1 family, CBP); (2) repetitive transcription (e.g., TRAPs/DRIPs); (3) RNA processing (PGC-1, etc); and (4) termination/turnover (E6-AP, etc). A variety of enzyme functions have been implicated in the coactivator complex including acetylase, methylase, ubiquitin ligase, kinase, and phosphatase activities. Moreover, coactivators and corepressors appear to exist in the steady-state cell as a series of multiprotein complexes referred to collectively as the "coregulatorsome". Different subcomplexes within the coregulatorsome may have different levels of preference for individual receptors or promoters, likely contributing to context-specific functions of NRs in target tissues.
TiN film coatings on alumina radio frequency windows (1992)

Thin films of TiN having low secondary electron emission (SEE) yields are coated on alumina rf windows in order to suppress the occurrence of multipactor. It is necessary to form films with a proper thickness in order to obtain a sufficient reduction of SEE as well as to avoid any excessive ohmic loss in conductive TiN films. For an optimization of the film thickness on an alumina surface, measurements of the SEE coefficients, and ohmic losses in the rf (S-band) field were carried out. High-power examinations of the coated windows were also performed. The results show that TiN films with a thickness of 0.5 nm or greater on alumina ceramics have SEE coefficients of less than unity at an incident energy of 10 keV. High-power tests have revealed that the ‘‘going away’’ of TiN films is probably due to excessive ohmic losses taking place when the thickness is greater than 1.5 nm. It is concluded that optimized film thickness for window coatings is 0.5–1.5 nm.
Architectural aspects of mm-wave radio access integration with 5G ecosystem (2016)

The following white paper discusses a range of architectural aspects that are crucial for the integration of mm-wave Radio Access Technology (RAT) in 5G mobile networks. While radio spectrum above 6 GHz offers contiguous high bandwidth resources for high capacity radio links; it gives rise to new challenges in terms of user mobility and reliability due to the harshness of the mobile radio environment, necessitating the deployment of highly directional links. To overcome these challenges, we propose architectural solutions based on tight integration of mm-wave RAT with RAT(s) operating in frequencies below 6 GHz with the intention to diversify the control plane and data split, and the duplication of the user plane.

The paper outlines initial architectural concepts envisioned for 5G mm-wave systems designed to operate in frequencies between 6-100 GHz, and discuss some crucial aspects of its integration within the 5G networks. The proposed concepts include: i) network slicing to address needs of 5G use cases with highly divergent requirements, ii) multiconnectivity with multiple mm-wave base stations and as a way to integrate multiple RATs; iii) mobility related aspects such as mm-wave cell clustering to make small scale mobility of the UE transparent to the CN, and the introduction of a novel inactive RRC state, iv) multi-RAT multi-layer management scheme which introduces abstraction at different layers of the protocol stack for flexible and scalable multi-RAT management, vi) control and user plane aspects for low-band integration, and finally vii) architectural aspects of self-backhauling.