gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Mismatch Calibration Technique for SAR ADCs Based on Deterministic Self-Calibration and Stochastic Quantization (2020)

A capacitive DAC is an important building block of a charge-redistribution SAR ADC, for its size has a significant impact on performance. For medium- to high-resolution applications, the size of the DAC is typically determined by random mismatches. As such, an effective mismatch calibration circuit can allow the DAC to be scaled down to a much lower <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">kT/C</i> noise limit, thereby increasing the overall ADC power efficiency. This paper reviews some of the most important reported mismatch calibration techniques and proposes a foreground calibration method based on a deterministic self-calibration and stochastic quantization. This approach is experimentally validated on a prototype 10-bit SAR ADC fabricated in TSMC 28-nm LP CMOS technology, demonstrating an INL and SFDR improvement of respectively 6.4 LSB and 14.9 dB at 85 MS/s.
Manejo de arroz vermelho através do tipo e arranjo de plantas em arroz irrigado (1998)

O arroz vermelho (Oryza sativa L.) é considerado a planta daninha que causa mais danos à orizicultura gaúcha. As dificuldades de seu controle químico e o alto grau de infestação das lavouras determinam a necessidade de se desenvolver sistemas de controle cultural. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de densidades de semeadura, espaçamentos entrelinhas e cultivares de arroz irrigado no manejo de arroz vermelho, no rendimento e nas características agronômicas do arroz irrigado no sistema de cultivo mínimo . O experimento foi conduzido a campo na safra 94/95, na Estação Experimental do Arroz do IRGA, em Cachoeirinha, RS. Os tratamentos constaram dos espaçamentos de 13,5; 20 e 30 cm entrelinhas, das densidades de semeadura de 75, 150 e 225 kg/ha e das cultivares de arroz BR-IRGA 410 e IRGA 416. O uso de uma cultivar de maior ciclo e estatura de planta e a elevação da densidade de semeadura associada com menores espaçamentos entrelinhas conferem ao arroz maior competitividade com o arroz vermelho. A utilização de cultivar de ciclo precoce diminui a quantidade de sementes de arroz vermelho que cai ao solo.
Automatic generation of diagrammatic Web site maps (1998)

In this paper we outline a site map application on the World Wide Web, whose aim is to improve navigation and orientation within the web site of the Human Communication Research Centre (HCRC). The map takes the form of a graphical fisheye view of the web site with the current node as the single focus. We discuss the semiautomatic process whereby the site map description is produced, describe how it is turned into a relevant map, and discuss reaction and usage patterns. We outline how the approach can be extended in three future directions: affording the user greater control of the graph drawing variables; covering more of the site, and indeed the web in the large; and using the user's interaction history to constrain the site map display further.
A Novel Interleaving Scheme for Polar Codes (2016)

It's known that the bit errors of polar codes with successive cancellation (SC) decoding are coupled. We call the coupled information bits the correlated bits. In this paper, concatenation schemes are studied for polar codes (as inner codes) and LDPC codes (as outer codes). In a conventional concatenation scheme, to achieve a better BER performance, one can divide all $N_l$ bits in a LDPC block into $N_l$ polar blocks to completely de-correlate the possible coupled errors. In this paper, we propose a novel interleaving scheme between a LDPC code and a polar code which breaks the correlation of the errors among the correlated bits. This interleaving scheme still keeps the simple SC decoding of polar codes while achieves a comparable BER performance at a much smaller delay compared with a $N_l$-block delay scheme.
Secondary Hormonal Therapy for Advanced Prostate Cancer (2005)

Secondary hormonal therapy serves as an excellent therapeutic option in patients with AIPC in whom primary hormonal therapy has failed. Practicing urologists should familiarize themselves with these oral medications, their indications and their potential side effects.
A Telemeter System for Continuous Observations of Cosmic-Ray Intensity (1973)

A simple telemeter system was constructed and has been in operation since March, 1972 for sending the cosmic-ray data from the underground observatory to our laboratory in the university. The system was simplified by considering both the distance (～3.5 km) and the amounts of data to be sent. The same punched paper tape as that at the underground is produced simultaneously at our laboratory, through which the remote apparatus in the tunnel can be monitored. A satisfactory data-sending has been obtained by utilizing the present system. Based on the experimental results, some improvements for the future performation are also mentioned.
Advanced configurations for catalyst research (1983)

This article examines a new breed of technologically sophisticated research systems which will be needed for future catalyst research. Reaction kinetics, characterization and deactivation studies are some of the areas which require advanced technology. Describes a two-reactor system with travelling thermocouples, a four-pack catalyst research system, a fourreactor adiabatic reforming catalyst research system, and an expanded-bed catalyst research system. Points out that the four-pack system has recently become very popular, partly because each customer can arrange the reaction module to best fit his own experimental requirements.
Female patients with breast carcinoma age 30 years and younger have a poor prognosis (2001)

Women who are diagnosed with breast carcinoma at an age < or = 30 years appear to have a poorer prognosis compared with that for their older counterparts.
LIGHT-HARVESTING COMPLEXES IN OXYGENIC PHOTOSYNTHESIS: Diversity, Control, and Evolution (1995)

This article focuses on light-harvesting complexes (LHCs) in oxygen evolving photosynthetic organisms. These organisms include cyanobacteria, red algae, plants, green algae, brown algae, diatoms, chrysophytes, and dinoflagellates. We highlight the diversity of pigment-protein complexes that fuel the conversion of radiant energy to chemical bond energy in land plants and the diverse groups of the algae, detail the ways in which environmental parameters (i.e. light quantity and quality, nutrients) modulate the synthesis of these complexes, and discuss the evolutionary relationships among the LHC structural polypeptides.
Optical injection locking of Si IMPATT oscillators (1980)

An experimental study on optical injection locking of X-band silicon IMPATT oscillators was carried out. The locking process was achieved by modulating a cw GaAlAs laser at subharmonics of the IMPATT oscillation frequency and optically injected into the IMPATT diode. A locking range of several megahertz can be obtained at frequency ratios ranging from 4:1 to 8:1.
Structure and reactions of lactonic and acidic sophorosides of 17-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (1968)

The complete structures of the major components of the mixture of lactonic and acidic sophorosides of 17-L-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid, which is produced by a yeast of the genus Torulopsis, have been determined. The principal lactonic component (1) (41%) has acetate groups at the 6′- and 6″-positions and the fatty acid carboxyl group is linked to the 4″-position to form a macrocyclic lactone ring. The other lactonic component (2) (8%) differs from the first only in the absence of the acetate group at the 6′-position. The principal acidic component (5) (31%) also has acetate groups at the 6′- and 6″-positions but the fatty acid carboxyl group is free. The structures were deduced by a combination of glycol cleavage and nuclear magnetic resonance studies and by examination of the products of acetobrominolysis of the acetylated lactones and acid.The 2″,3″-glycol group of the lactones is resistant to oxidation by periodate and by lead tetraacetate in acetic acid. Studies of the rate of glycol cleavage of methyl 4,6-di-O-acyl-β-D-glucopyranosides showed that though an acyl group at C-4 retarded the oxidation of the 2,3-diol it did not stop it completely. The conformation of the lactone ring is probably responsible for the unreactivity of the 2″,3″-glycol group. The lactone ring, however, considerably increases the rate of acetobrominolysis of the fully acetylated lactone compared to that of the acetylated sophorosyl acid methyl ester.
Adaptive detection and enhancement of multiple sinusoids using a cascade IIR filter (1989)

A constrained adaptive infinite-impulse-response (IIR) filter consisting of a cascade of biquadratic notch sections is used to track multiple sinusoids. The structure can be used to isolate individual sinusoids. It is shown that for small changes around the optimum solution, the proposed update algorithm approximates the Gauss-Newton update without requiring a matrix inversion. Furthermore, the transient response is approximately independent of the number of sinusoids or their power levels. Important adaptive line enhancement performance criteria, such as signal-to-noise improvement ratio and the bias in the frequency estimate assuming white noise, are derived for the single-sinusoid case. Computer simulations are used to demonstrate the performance of the notch filter under a wide range of conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Design of intelligent locks based on the triple KeeLoq algorithm (2016)

KeeLoq algorithm with high security was usually used in wireless codec. Its security lack is indicated in this article according to the detailed rationale and the introduction of previous attack researches. Taking examples from Triple Data Encryption Standard algorithm, the triple KeeLoq codec algorithm was first proposed. Experimental results showed that the algorithm would not reduce powerful rolling effect and in consideration of limited computing power of embedded microcontroller three 64-bit keys were suitable to increase the crack difficulties and further improved its security. The method was applied to intelligent door access system for experimental verification. 16F690 extended Bluetooth or WiFi interface was employed to design the lock system on door. Key application was constructed on Android platform. The wireless communication between the lock on door and Android key application employed triple KeeLoq algorithm to ensure the higher security. Due to flexibility and multiformity (an Android key application with various keys) of software-based keys, the solution owned overwhelmed advantages of low cost, high security, humanity, and green environmental protection.
Effect of temperature on Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum acutatum and Greeneria uvicola mixed fungal infection of Vitis vinifera grape berries (2015)

Detached Vitis vinifera 'Cabernet Sauvignon' berries (12.5° Bé) were inoculated either singularly or in combination with spore suspensions of Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum acutatum and Greeneria uvicola and the degree of disease expression examined at either 20 or 27 °C. Berries were more susceptible to B. cinerea at 20 °C and to G. uvicola at 27 °C but were highly susceptible to C. acutatum at either temperature. In experiments involving inoculation of berries with mixtures of fungal organisms, B. cinerea infection was diminished at 27 °C by either C. acutatum or G. uvicola but only by C. acutatum at 20 °C. G. uvicola infection was diminished by C. acutatum at both temperatures investigated. B. cinerea reduced the level of infection of both C. acutatum and G. uvicola at 20 °C. The findings have implications for seasonal bunch rot management of grapes in relation to predicted changes in global temperature.
Surface Technology for the 21st Century. Hardness and Adhesion of Arc-Ion Plated Nitride Films. (2001)

The correlation between scratch adhesion and hardness has been investigated for nitride coatings deposited on metal substrates with various levels of hardness using arc ion plating. The intrinsic film hardness of TiN, CrN and (Ti0.45 Al0.55) N was separated from the composite hardness measured by micro Vickers tests using a model proposed by Ichimura et al. The critical load in the scratch test increases proportionally to the product of the scratch depth δcr and the composite hardness Hcr at the critical load. δcr for the same coating on non-nitriding substrates is almost constant. In addition to this result, δcr for coatings on nitrided steels was larger than that of coatings on substrates without nitriding. Both results suggest that δcr is an important parameter influenced by the intrinsic properties of deposited film and the true adhesion strength between the film and substrate.
Genetic Determination of the Antigenic Specificity of Flagellar Protein in Salmonella (1969)

Summary: Using non-flagellate (fla −) mutants of gn-complex antigenic derivatives of a stable phase-1 strain of Salmonella abortusequi, the positions of the antigenic specificity-determining sections on the genetic map of H1, a structural gene for flagellar protein, were located by establishing a system for selecting intra-H1 recombinants. Before the recombination experiments, a factor analysis of the gn-complex antigens of the strains was made by cross-absorption tests: nine factors were detected. P22 phage-mediated transductions were carried out between different pairs of H1-linked fla − mutants, whose H1-alleles were different and whose fla − shes were on opposite sides of H1 The fla + transductants, present as swarms in semi-solid medium, were isolated and the composition of their flagellar antigens examined with specific antisera. Among 1366 fla + transductants obtained, 26 clones were shown to have ‘recombinant antigens’ carrying some factors of one or both of the parental-type antigens. With several ‘recombinant antigens’, some new specificities with weak antigenicity were detected. The flagellar protein, ‘flagellin’, of an ‘antigen recombinant’ was proved to be a recombinant of the two parental flagellins by finger-printing analysis of tryptic digests. On the assumption that these ‘antigen recombinants’ resulted from a single cross-over within H1, the relative positions of the antigenic specificitydetermining sections within donor and recipient H1 with regard to the crossover point were obtained for individual ‘antigen recombinants’. Summarizing the relative positions thus inferred, it was shown that each of the antigenic specificity-determining sections maps as a unit; and that as a whole they form a linear array within H1. Sections specifying some tryptic peptides of flagellins were also mapped within H1.
Reversal of acquired resistance to doxorubicin in P388 murine leukemia cells by tamoxifen and other triparanol analogues. (1984)

The effects of the triparanol analogues chlorotrianisene, clomiphene, tamoxifen, 5-[p-(fluoren-9-ylidenemethyl)phenyl]-2-piperidineethanol (MDL 10393), MDL 8917v, nafoxidine, 2-[p-(6-methoxy-2-phenylinden-3-yl)phenoxy]triethylamine (U-11555A), 2-[p-(3,4-dihydro-6-methoxy-2-phenyl-1-naphthyl)phenoxy]triethylamine (U-10520A), and nitromifene, as well as triparanol itself, were studied in the P388 murine leukemia cell line and in a doxorubicin-resistant subline (P388/ADR). At noninhibitory concentrations, all the analogues increased the sensitivity of P388/ADR cells to doxorubicin but did not have such an effect on the doxorubicin-sensitive cells. Diethylstilbestrol, deacetylated cyclofenil (F6060), hexestrol, and 17 beta-estradiol did not have such an activity. The effects of tamoxifen on doxorubicin sensitivity of P388/ADR cells could not be reversed by 17 beta-estradiol. Estrogen receptors could not be demonstrated in either cell line. It is therefore suggested that the reversal of the doxorubicin-acquired resistance by the triparanol analogues is unrelated to their estrogenic or antiestrogenic activities. The possible clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Nuisance alarm suppression techniques for fibre-optic intrusion detection systems (2011)

The suppression of nuisance alarms without degrading sensitivity in fibre-optic intrusion detection systems is important for maintaining acceptable performance. Signal processing algorithms that maintain the POD and minimize nuisance alarms are crucial for achieving this. A level crossings algorithm is presented for suppressing torrential rain-induced nuisance alarms in a fibre-optic fence-based perimeter intrusion detection system. Results show that rain-induced nuisance alarms can be suppressed for rainfall rates in excess of 100 mm/hr, and intrusion events can be detected simultaneously during rain periods. The use of a level crossing based detection and novel classification algorithm is also presented demonstrating the suppression of nuisance events and discrimination of nuisance and intrusion events in a buried pipeline fibre-optic intrusion detection system. The sensor employed for both types of systems is a distributed bidirectional fibre-optic Mach Zehnder interferometer.
One-step solvothermal synthesis of nickel selenide series: Composition and morphology control (2012)

A one-step oleylamine-mediated solvothermal method was reported for the synthesis of nickel selenide series within a short reaction time. The method provided a suitable nucleation and growth environment in a uniform and transparent solution reaction system. Through adjustment of the Ni/Se raw material ratio and reaction temperature, cubic NiSe2, orthorhombic NiSe2, and hexagonal Ni1−xSe (x = 0–0.15) were obtained. In addition, under an excess nickel source (Ni : Se = 2 : 1) and phase change agent, hexagonal NiSe was converted to rhombohedral Ni3Se2, in which the intermediate phase (NiSe) acted as both reactant and template, plus an effect on Ni3Se2 morphology. At a certain reaction temperature of 260 °C, the phase transformation and morphology can be adjusted by changing the solvents (mixture of OLA and ODE). Finally, the conversion mechanism from cubic NiSe2 to orthorhombic NiSe2 at different reaction temperatures was investigated, and the formation process of a nickel selenide series had also been studied through synthetic route controlled experiments. This paper provided a simple and low cost method to control the composition and morphology of nickel selenide series, which would be of great potential for the synthesis of other metal selenides.
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interactions in Pulmonary Fibrosis (2006)

Pulmonary fibrosis represents the sequelae of a variety of acute and chronic lung injuries of known and unknown etiologies. Tissue specimens obtained from patients with pulmonary fibrosis, regardless of the etiology, consistently show evidence of an ongoing wound-repair response. Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions have critical roles in normal lung development, tissue repair processes, and fibrosis. Current hypotheses propose that dysregulated function of, and impaired communication between, epithelial and mesenchymal cells prevent resolution of the wound-repair response and contribute to the pathobiology of pulmonary fibrosis. This hypothesis is supported by abundant evidence from patients, animal models, and cell-culture studies demonstrating abnormalities in epithelial cell and mesenchymal cell activities including proliferation, differentiation, and survival. This article reviews the aberrant epithelial and mesenchymal cellular phenotypes found in the context of pulmonary fibrosis and discusses the mechanisms that perpetuate these cellular phenotypes.
STUDY ON HIGH GAIN CIRCULAR WAVEGUIDE ARRAY ANTENNA WITH METAMATERIAL STRUCTURE (2006)

A new method to improve the gain of circular waveguide array antenna with metamaterial structure is presented.
Pseudomorphic Transformation of Inverse Opal Tungsten Oxide to Tungsten Carbide (2007)

Pseudomorphic carburizations of nanostructured tungsten oxide inverse opal preforms are demonstrated for the first time, retaining structural features on a sub-100-nm scale.
Alteration of substrate specificity of cholesterol oxidase from Streptomyces sp. by site-directed mutagenesis (2002)

Despite the structural similarities between cholesterol oxidase from Streptomyces and that from Brevibacterium, both enzymes exhibit different characteristics, such as catalytic activity, optimum pH and temperature. In attempts to define the molecular basis of differences in catalytic activity or stability, substitutions at six amino acid residues were introduced into cholesterol oxidase using site-directed mutagenesis of its gene. The amino acid substitutions chosen were based on structural comparisons of cholesterol oxidases from Streptomyces and BREVIBACTERIUM: Seven mutant enzymes were constructed with the following amino acid substitutions: L117P, L119A, L119F, V145Q, Q286R, P357N and S379T. All the mutant enzymes exhibited activity with the exception of that with the L117P mutation. The resulting V145Q mutant enzyme has low activities for all substrates examined and the S379T mutant enzyme showed markedly altered substrate specificity compared with the wild-type enzyme. To evaluate the role of V145 and S379 residues in the reaction, mutants with two additional substitutions in V145 and four in S379 were constructed. The mutant enzymes created by the replacement of V145 by Asp and Glu had much lower catalytic efficiency for cholesterol and pregnenolone as substrates than the wild-type enzyme. From previous studies and this study, the V145 residue seems to be important for the stability and substrate binding of the cholesterol oxidase. In contrast, the catalytic efficiencies (k(cat)/K(m)) of the S379T mutant enzyme for cholesterol and pregnenolone were 1.8- and 6.0-fold higher, respectively, than those of the wild-type enzyme. The enhanced catalytic efficiency of the S379T mutant enzyme for pregnenolone was due to a slightly high k(cat) value and a low K(m) value. These findings will provide several ideas for the design of more powerful enzymes that can be applied to clinical determination of serum cholesterol levels and as sterol probes.
Triangular Spect System for 3-D Total Organ Volume Imaging: Design Concept and Preliminary Imaging Results (1985)

SPECT systems based on 2-D detectors for projection data collection and filtered back-projection image reconstruction have the potential for true 3-D imaging, providing contiguous slice images in any orientation. Anger camera-based SPECT systems have the natural advantage supporting planar imaging clinical procedures. However, current systems suffer from two drawbacks; poor utilization of emitted photons, and inadequate system design for SPECT. A SPECT system consisting of three rectangular cameras with radial translation would offer the variable cylindrical FOV of 25 cm to 40 cm diameter allowing close detector access to the object. This system would provide optimized imaging for both brain and body organs in terms of sensitivity and resolution. For brain imaging a tight detector triangle with fan beam collimation, matching detector UFOV to the head, allows full 2π utilization of emitted photons, resulting in >4 times sensitivity increase over the single detector system. Minification of intrinsic detector resolution in fan beam collimation further improves system resolution. For body organ imaging the three detectors with parallel hole collimators, rotating in non-circular orbit, provide both improved resolution and three-fold sensitivity increase. Practical challenges lie in ensuring perfect image overlap from three detectors without resolution degradation and artifact generation in order to benefit from the above improvements. An experimental system has been developed to test the above imaging concept and we have successfully demonstrated the superior image quality of the overlapped images. Design concept will be presented with preliminary imaging results.