gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive transcoding proxy architecture for video streaming in mobile networks (2005)

Wireless video streaming is an area of extensive research due to the error-prone nature of the radio channel with variations in throughput and delay. In mobile networks, handovers may lead to further service degradation. Therefore adaptation has to be applied in order to cope with these challenges. This paper introduces a new two-level proxy architecture, which addresses the aforementioned issues. The first level proxy provides media adaptation to the requirements of its clients by using transcoding techniques and thereby supports many different mobile devices. The second level proxy is supposed to perform adaptation to the radio channel by using FGS-coding as well as unequal error protection. We also discuss handover QoS issues and approaches for signaling with service composition. Our two-level design is highly flexible and provides efficient, scalable and low-latency mobile streaming video. Besides, it provides better core network resource utilization while solving wireless channel problems where they occur.
Abstract #LB-168: Differences in in vitro azacitidine and decitabine activities in non-small cell lung cancer (2009)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, CO

The azanucleosides 5-azacytidine (azacitidine; Vidaza; AZA) and 2\#8217;-deoxy-5-azacytidine (decitabine; Dacogen; DAC) are DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors that have shown clinical benefit in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and are approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of MDS. While AZA has demonstrated the ability to significantly extend overall survival in MDS patients, DAC failed to show a survival benefit over conventional therapy in a similar trial. The different outcomes of these late-stage clinical studies suggest that AZA and DAC may have different modes of action. To better understand the mechanism of action of these two drugs, we examined the effects of AZA and DAC in a panel of cancer cell lines. We found that AZA and DAC differentially affected the viability of many cell lines, with the greatest difference exhibited in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Of the six NSCLC lines tested, all were sensitive to AZA (EC50 of 1-6 \#956;M) while only one was sensitive to DAC (EC50 of 5 \#956;M). Both inhibitors caused DNMT1 depletion and DNA demethylation in these cells; however, only AZA induced histone-H2AX phosphorylation (a marker of DNA damage) and PARP cleavage (a marker of cell death), suggesting that mechanisms in addition to, or other than DNA hypomethylation, are important for AZA-mediated reduction of NSCLC cell viability. Consistent with these results, AZA-treated, but not DAC-treated, cells were positive for AnnexinV staining, indicative of cells undergoing apoptosis. Cell cycle analysis indicated that AZA induced an accumulation of cells in the sub-G1 phase whereas DAC mainly caused an increase of cells in G2/M. Gene expression analysis of AZA- and DAC-treated cells revealed strikingly different profiles, with many genes distinctly regulated by each drug. Collectively, these results in NSCLC cell lines suggest that besides the common activities of AZA and DAC on DNMT depletion and DNA hypomethylation, these drugs differ in other aspects, including regulation of gene expression and induction of apoptosis.

Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr LB-168.
Efficient generation of conditional knockout mice via sequential introduction of lox sites (2017)

Conditional knockout using Cre/lox is essential for functional analysis of genes. CRISPR/Cas in combination with two sets of guide RNAs and a single-stranded oligonucleotide enables simultaneous insertion of two lox sequences. However, this method induces double-strand breaks at two sites on the same chromosome, which causes an undesirable chromosomal deletion and reduces the flanked lox (flox) rate. To solve this problem, we investigated a method that sequentially introduces each lox sequence at the 1-cell and 2-cell embryonic stages, respectively. The sequential method was applied to both microinjection and electroporation systems. Sequential electroporation improved the flox efficiency compared with ordinary simultaneous microinjection, leading to a high yield of offspring with floxed alleles. Finally, we directly produced Cre/lox mice containing both the Cre transgene and floxed allele via sequential electroporation using Cre zygotes, which accelerated the generation of conditional knockout mice compared with the ordinary method.
In‐Source Al‐0.5%Cu Metallization for CMOS Devices (1985)

This study examines the use of radiation‐free RF induction‐source evaporated (In‐Source®) Al‐0.5%Cu as a viable metallization scheme for CMOS devices. The fact that it is radiation free offers ways of optimizing the thermal cycle so as to achieve desirable device and electromigration characteristics. Wafers fabricated with 3.5 μm design rules have shown no threshold shifts or changes in the transistor gain at sintering temperatures up to 450°C, in either or , for both N‐ and P‐channel devices, confirming the absence of deposition‐induced fixed interface charges. Wafers processed with 2.5 μm design rules have exhibited low and well‐behaved values of contact resistance to N+ and P+ diffusions, at sintering temperatures in the range 300°–400°C in either or , with no evidence of junction penetration. Electromigration measurements, gathered over a wide range of processing conditions, have yielded values of median time to failure (MTF) that were observed to improve with narrower linewidths, higher sintering temperatures, and in the presence of a plasma passivation coating. In typical device operation conditions of 80°C and , the extrapolated MTF value of , for 3.0 μm wide In‐Source Al‐0.5%Cu lines is found to exceed the value of reported for E‐Gun Al‐0.5%Cu.
The role of singlet oxygen and oxygen concentration in photodynamic inactivation of bacteria (2007)

New antibacterial strategies are required in view of the increasing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics. One promising technique involves the photodynamic inactivation of bacteria. Upon exposure to light, a photosensitizer in bacteria can generate singlet oxygen, which oxidizes proteins or lipids, leading to bacteria death. To elucidate the oxidative processes that occur during killing of bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus was incubated with a standard photosensitizer, and the generation and decay of singlet oxygen was detected directly by its luminescence at 1,270 nm. At low bacterial concentrations, the time-resolved luminescence of singlet oxygen showed a decay time of 6 +/- 2 micros, which is an intermediate time for singlet oxygen decay in phospholipids of membranes (14 +/- 2 micros) and in the surrounding water (3.5 +/- 0.5 micros). Obviously, at low bacterial concentrations, singlet oxygen had sufficient access to water outside of S. aureus by diffusion. Thus, singlet oxygen seems to be generated in the outer cell wall areas or in adjacent cytoplasmic membranes of S. aureus. In addition, the detection of singlet oxygen luminescence can be used as a sensor of intracellular oxygen concentration. When singlet oxygen luminescence was measured at higher bacterial concentrations, the decay time increased significantly, up to approximately 40 micros, because of oxygen depletion at these concentrations. This observation is an important indicator that oxygen supply is a crucial factor in the efficacy of photodynamic inactivation of bacteria, and will be of particular significance should this approach be used against multiresistant bacteria.
Long spin lifetime and large barrier polarisation in single electron transport through a CoFe nanoparticle (2016)

We have investigated single electron spin transport in individual single crystal bcc Co30Fe70 nanoparticles using scanning tunnelling microscopy with a standard tungsten tip. Particles were deposited using a gas-aggregation nanoparticle source and individually addressed as asymmetric double tunnel junctions with both a vacuum and a MgO tunnel barrier. Spectroscopy measurements on the particles show a Coulomb staircase that is correlated with the measured particle size. Field emission tunnelling effects are incorporated into standard single electron theory to model the data. This formalism allows spin-dependent parameters to be determined even though the tip is not spin-polarised. The barrier spin polarisation is very high, in excess of 84%. By variation of the resistance, several orders of magnitude of the system timescale are probed, enabling us to determine the spin relaxation time on the island. It is found to be close to 10 μs, a value much longer than previously reported.
HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Newly Infected Individuals (1999)

The prevalence of HIV-1 variants with known resistance-conferring genotypes to any antiretroviral agent in this cohort of 80 newly infected individuals is 16.3%. These data support expanded use of resistance testing in the setting of primary HIV-1 infection. Clinical trials should be initiated to establish whether therapy guided by resistance testing, compared with the use of empirical triple combination antiretroviral therapy, provides additional virological and immunological benefit when treating primary HIV-1 infection. Further efforts to expand the study of transmission of drug-resistant HIV-1 variants, particularly in cohorts with different epidemiological profiles, are indicated.
Expression of hepatocyte growth factor in the skin of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2011)

These findings suggest that changes in HGF in ALS skin are related to the disease process and that metabolic alterations of HGF may take place in the skin of patients with ALS.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 5‐ AND 7‐BROMOTRYPTOPHAN AND OF (5‐BROMOTRYPTOPHAN9)‐β‐CORITCOTROPIN‐(1‐24)‐TETRACOSAPEPTIDE, A HIGHLY POTENT CORTICOTROPHIN ANALOG (1980)

Abstract Ausgehend von den Komponenten (I), (II) und (III) wird über die Stufe (IV) das rac. bromierte Acetyltryptophan (Va) synthetisiert, aus dem freies L‐5‐Brom‐tryptophan (Vb) gewonnen wird.
Laser Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 6th ASTM Symposium (1975)

The Sixth ASTM-ONR-NBS Symposium on Laser Induced Damage in Optical Materials was held at the National Bureau of Standards in Boulder, Colorado on 22-23 May 1974. Over 150 attendees at the Symposium heard thirty-one papers on topics relating to laser induced damage in crystalline and nonlinear optical materials, at dielectric surfaces, and in thin film coatings as well as discussions of damage problems in the ir region due both to cw and pulsed irradiation. In addition, several reports on the theoretical analysis of laser-materials interaction relative to the damage progress were given, along with tabulations of fundamental materials properties of importance in evaluation of optical material response to high-power laser radiation. Attention was given to high-power laser system design considerations that relate to improved system performance and reliability when various damage mechanisms are operable in such systems. A workshop on the machining of optics was held, and nine papers on various facets of the topic were presented dealing with machining procedures, surface characterization of machined elements, coating of machined components, and the polishing and damage resistance of polished, coated, and bare metal reflectors.
Wind Farms Production: Control and Prediction (2007)

Wind energy resources, unlike dispatchable central station generation, produce power dependable on external irregular source and that is the incident wind speed which does not always blow when electricity is needed. This results in the variability, unpredictability, and uncertainty of wind resources. Therefore, the integration of wind facilities to utility electrical grid presents a major challenge to power system operator. Such integration has significant impact on the optimum power flow, transmission congestion, power quality issues, system stability, load dispatch, and economic analysis. \nDue to the irregular nature of wind power production, accurate prediction represents the major challenge to power system operators. Therefore, in this thesis two novel models are proposed for wind speed and wind power prediction. One proposed model is dedicated to short-term prediction (one-hour ahead) and the other involves medium term prediction (one-day ahead). The accuracy of the proposed models is revealed by comparing their results with the corresponding values of a reference prediction model referred to as the persistent model. \nUtility grid operation is not only impacted by the uncertainty of the future production of wind farms, but also by the variability of their current production and how the active and reactive power exchange with the grid is controlled. To address this particular task, a control technique for wind turbines, driven by doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs), is developed to regulate the terminal voltage by equally sharing the generated/absorbed reactive power between the rotor-side and the grid-side converters. To highlight the impact of the new developed technique in reducing the power loss in the generator set, an economic analysis is carried out. Moreover, a new aggregated model for wind farms is proposed that accounts for the irregularity of the incident wind distribution throughout the farm layout. Specifically, this model includes the wake effect and the time delay of the incident wind speed of the different turbines on the farm, and to simulate the fluctuation in the generated power more accurately and more closer to real-time operation. \nRecently, wind farms with considerable output power ratings have been installed. Their integrating into the utility grid will substantially affect the electricity markets. This thesis investigates the possible impact of wind power variability, wind farm control strategy, wind energy penetration level, wind farm location, and wind power prediction accuracy on the total generation costs and close to real time electricity market prices. These issues are addressed by developing a single auction market model for determining the real-time electricity market prices.
Sustained Release of Lidocaine from Solvent-Free Biodegradable Poly[(d,l)-Lactide-co-Glycolide] (PLGA): In Vitro and In Vivo Study (2014)

Local anesthetics are commonly used for pain relief by regional nerve blocking. In this study, we fabricated solvent-free biodegradable pellets to extend the duration of lidocaine release without any significant local or systemic toxicity levels. To manufacture the pellets, poly[(d,l)-lactide-co-glycolide] (PLGA) was first pre-mixed with lidocaine powder into different ratios. The powder mixture was then compressed with a mold (diameter of 1, 5, 8 or 10 mm) and sintered at 65 °C to form pellets. The <i>in vitro</i> release study showed that the lidocaine/PLGA pellets exhibited a tri-phase release behavior (a burst, a diffusion-controlled release and a degradation-dominated release) and reached completion around day 28. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photos show that small channels could be found on the surfaces of the pellets on day 2. Furthermore, the polymer matrix swelled and fell apart on day 7, while the pellets became viscous after 10 days of <i>in vitro</i> elution. Perineural administration of the lidocaine/PLGA pellets produced anti-hypersensitivity effects lasting for at least 24 h in rats, significant when compared to the control group (a pure PLGA was pellet administered). In addition, no inflammation was detected within the nerve and in the neighboring muscle by histopathology.
Bandwidth enhancement of dielectric resonator antennas (1993)

An experimental investigation of bandwidth enhancement of dielectric resonator antennas (DRA) using parasitic elements is reported. Substantial bandwidth enhancement for the HE(sub 11delta) mode of the stacked geometry and for the HE(sub 13delta) mode of the coplanar collinear geometry was demonstrated. Excellent radiation patterns for the HE(sub 11delta) mode were also recorded.
Oversampled capacitance-to-voltage converter IC with application to SiC MEMS resonator (2004)

This paper reports the first electronic circuit used to measure MEMS resonator motion in the time domain. The measurement of shuttle position is made using a capacitance-to-voltage converter IC that has been developed by combining correlated double sampling with delta modulation in a fully differential circuit topology. This oversampling circuit may be adjusted to trade bandwidth (sample rate) for resolution, while reference level may be adjusted to set the desired sensitivity to accommodate a large range of capacitive sensor interface applications. For example, test results demonstrate a resolution of 170 aF for a signal bandwidth of 3 kHz, a 68-dB dynamic range, and nonlinearity less than 0.16%.
Web usage mining: A review on process, methods and techniques (2013)

In Current era, internet is playing such a vital role in our everyday life that it is very difficult to survive without it. The World Wide Web (WWW) has influenced a lot to both users (visitors) as well as the web site owners. Enormous growth of World Wide Web increases the complexity for users to browse effectively. To increase the performance of web sites better web site design, web server activities are changed as per users' interests. To achieve this they have to analyze user access pattern which are captured in the form of log files. Web usage mining is a process of analyzing interaction of user with different web application. Web usage mining can be seen as three step process: data pre-processing, pattern discovery and pattern analysis. Due to tremendous use of web, web log files are increase with faster rate and size is also huge. These data are usually noisy and ambiguous hence preprocessing step is essential in mining process. Different pre-processing techniques are data cleaning, user identification, session identification and transaction identification. In this paper, we provide detailed survey of work done so far on data collection and pre-processing stage of web usage mining.
Directed assembly and micro-manipulation of passive particles at fluid interfaces via capillarity using a magnetic micro-robot (2020)

Controlled assembly of microscale objects can be achieved by exploiting interactions that dominate at that length scale. Capillary interactions are an excellent candidate for this purpose; microparticles trapped at fluid interfaces disturb the interface shape, migrate, and assemble to minimize the interfacial area. These interactions are independent of microparticle material properties and so can be used to assemble objects of arbitrary materials. By using a magnetic robot as a mobile distortion source, additional control over assembly can be achieved. For example, millimeter-scale magnetic robots that are heavy enough to distort the interface have been used to generate long range capillary attractions and collect passive particles that are hundreds of micrometers in diameter. However, for smaller robots and particles, gravity is less important, and capillary interactions rely on interface distortions from undulated contact lines. We use a magnetic microrobot to manipulate passive microparticles at the water/hexadecane interface via an interplay of hydrodynamic and capillary interactions. Furthermore, we demonstrate preferred docking at corners of a square microrobot without the need for high resolution position control. We modulate the strength of docking interactions, allowing structure assembly and release. Finally, we design undulated docking stations with multiple stable sites for cargo delivery. The ability to dynamically manipulate microparticles and their structures at fluid interfaces creates new possibilities for manufacturing of complex microstructures.
Healing of Bone Defects by Guided Tissue Regeneration (1988)

In this study we describe a principle for the accomplishment of bone regeneration based on the hypothesis that different cellular components in the tissue have varying rates of migration into a wound area during healing. By a mechanical hindrance, using a membrane technique, fibroblasts and other soft connective-tissue cells are prevented from entering the bone defect so that the presumably slower-migrating cells with osteogenic potential are allowed to repopulate the defect. Defects of standard size were created bilaterally through the mandibular angles of rats. On one side of the jaw the defect was covered with Teflon membranes, whereas the defect on the other side served as control. Histologic analysis after healing demonstrated that on the test (membrane) side, half the number of animals showed complete bone healing after 3 weeks and all animals showed complete healing after 6 weeks. Little or no sign of healing was evident on the control side even after an observation period of 22 weeks.
Effects of Singing of Physiologic Changes in the Elderly Women (2000)

Recently, music therapy is widely used for various kinds of diseases. Music therapy has beneficial effects on emotional disorder and neuropsychiatric diseases in particular. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of singing on physiologic changes. We checked peripheral oxygen saturation and heart rate as indices of physiologic changes. The subjects were 19 control and 30 test group who were registered on the D welfare center for the elderly and agreed to join this study. They had been singing regularly for 6 months. The data were collected just before and after the singing. Data were analyzed with mean, t-test, and paired t-test using SPSS program. The results were as follows: 1. Heart rate of the singing group decreased significantly after singing.(p
Strains and forces in selected carpal ligaments during in vitro flexion and deviation movements of the hand (1992)

The forces induced in tiny wrist joint ligaments must be estimated in order to understand their role in the mechanism of the joint. We estimated forces in a number of selected ligaments in seven human wrist joint specimens, using a noninvasive method. The method is based on the rationale that the force generated in a ligament depends on its change of length with the joint under load. In vitro length changes of the ligaments were determined during flexion and deviation movements of the hand, using a roentgenstereophotogrammetric analysis technique. Subsequently, bone-ligament-bone (BLB) preparations were dissected from the specimens. From these BLB preparations the zero-force length and the force-elongation relationship were determined in a material testing machine. The forces generated in the ligaments during flexion and deviation were calculated by combining results on the in vitro ligament length changes, the zero-force length, and the force-elongation relationship. Large interspecimen variations of the force patterns were found. Due to this variability, it is not possible to obtain quantitative models for the kinetic behavior of the ligaments. However, qualitative trends could be distilled from the strain and force patterns. It is clear that for most ligaments, the zero-force lengths were not equal to the lengths they possessed in the neutral position of the hand. Furthermore, it could be shown which motions of the hand would most likely strain a particular ligament. It could be shown that the variations in the force patterns originate mainly from variations in the zero-force lengths, and from variations in the force-strain relationship between specimens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Digital Computer for Use in an Operational Flight Trainer (1955)

The requirements for a digital computer for use in an operational flight trainer are presented with emphasis being placed on the real-time aspects of the problem. The general purpose digital computer is shown to be inadequate for this purpose and a special purpose digital computer is described which meets the requirements.