gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of receptor concentration by homologous hormone. Effect of human growth hormone on its receptor in IM-9 lymphocytes. (1976)

<p>Hypertext, which we generalize as hyper<i>media</i>, is text plus <i>links</i>: an extra degree of freedom to move around, <i>other</i> than starting at the beginning and reading all the way to the end. By this definition, the ubiquitous World-Wide Web is a mediocre specimen. True, the Web is a cosmopolitan system of unprecedented scale, with instantaneous global reach, that is characteristically easy to deploy and extend. <i>Hypermedia</i>, however, is nothing without links, and the Web’s links are <i>brittle</i> (they routinely break), <i>one-way</i> (you can see links <i>out</i> but not links <i>in</i>) and <i>untyped</i> (anemic support for telling what a link <i>means</i>). This results in big clumsy documents with few if any links (that often go nowhere), no backlinks, ambiguous, ad-hoc data semantics, and poor reuse of content. The <i>sparsity</i> of the Web, as it comes off the shelf, means:</p>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level="1">Readers have to read a lot per unit of information gleaned</li>\n<li aria-level="1">Authors need to maintain separate documents for distinct audiences</li>\n<li aria-level="1">Developers have to continually reinvent the same basic functionality</li>\n<li aria-level="1">Information duplicates and goes stale, causing people to be misled</li>\n</ul>\n<p>All these points aside, this bias spells a missed opportunity for building out an entire <i>universe</i> of creative expression.</p>\n<p>Not only are there copious <i>practical</i> reasons for addressing these issues, doing so would dramatically boost the Web’s capacity for communicating complex ideas, making subtle arguments, and fostering innovative methods of storytelling. Turning the Web into truly <i>dense hypermedia</i> entails being able to <i>reliably</i> point to a very large number of very small objects, and doing <i>that</i> in turn means designing a system—a <i>protocol</i>—for maintaining the stability and continuity of the addresses (URLs) exposed.</p>\n
In vitro 실험을 통한 벼세포 추출물의 창상 치유 효능 평가 (2016)

본 연구에서는 에탄올과 고압 열수 추출에 의해 준비된 벼세포 추출물의 창상 치유 효능 평가를 위해, 인간 섬유아세포와 각질세포에 추출물 처리하여 세포 독성, 세포 이동능, collagen 단백질 및 유전자의 발현 양상에 대해 실험을 진행하였다. 그 결과 추출물은 처리한 범위에서 두 세포에 전혀 독성을 나타내지 않았으며, 대조구에 비해 증식을 최대 25% 촉진시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 인위적으로 세포에 창상을 낸 후 세포 이동능을 평가하였을 때, 비처리군에 비해 처리 농도에 비례하여 230-450% (섬유아세포), 170-350%(각질세포) 이동성이 향상되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 창상 치유의 중요한 역할을 하는 collagen의 유전자와 단백질 모두 추출물 처리시 농도의존적으로 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 에탄올 추출물 100 mg/ml 처리시에는 양성 대조군인 vitamin C (500 μM)와 유사한 효능을 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과는 벼세포 추출물이 창상 치유제로서의 활용 가능성에 대해 제시하고 있다.
A Human cDNA Expression Library in Yeast Enriched for Open Reading Frames (2001)

We developed a high-throughput technique for the generation of cDNA libraries in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae which enables the selection of cloned cDNA inserts containing open reading frames (ORFs). For direct screening of random-primed cDNA libraries, we have constructed a yeast shuttle/expression vector, the so-called ORF vector pYEXTSH3, which allows the enriched growth of protein expression clones. The selection system is based on the HIS3 marker gene fused to the C terminus of the cDNA insert. The cDNAs cloned in-frame result in histidine prototrophic yeast cells growing on minimal medium, whereas clones bearing the vector without insert or out-of-frame inserts should not grow on this medium. A randomly primed cDNA library from human fetal brain tissue was cloned in this novel vector, and using robot technology the selected clones were arrayed in microtiter plates and were analyzed by sequencing and for protein expression. In the constructed cDNA expression library, about 60% of clones bear an insert in the correct reading frame. In comparison to unselected libraries it was possible to increase the clones with inserts in the correct reading frame more than fourfold, from 14% to 60%. With the expression system described here, we could avoid time-consuming and costly techniques for identification of clones expressing protein by using antibody screening on high-density filters and subsequently rearraying the selected clones in a new "daughter" library. The advantage of this ORF vector is that, in a one-step screening procedure, it allows the generation of expression libraries enriched for clones with correct reading frames as sources of recombinant proteins.
A Survey of Software Quality for Machine Learning Applications (2018)

Machine learning (ML) is now widespread. Traditional software engineering can be applied to the development ML applications. However, we have to consider specific problems with ML applications in therms of their quality. In this paper, we present a survey of software quality for ML applications to consider the quality of ML applications as an emerging discussion. From this survey, we raised problems with ML applications and discovered software engineering approaches and software testing research areas to solve these problems. We classified survey targets into Academic Conferences, Magazines, and Communities. We targeted 16 academic conferences on artificial intelligence and software engineering, including 78 papers. We targeted 5 Magazines, including 22 papers. The results indicated key areas, such as deep learning, fault localization, and prediction, to be researched with software engineering and testing.
Structural and mechanistic basis behind the inhibitory interaction of PcTS on α-synuclein amyloid fibril formation (2009)

The identification of aggregation inhibitors and the investigation of their mechanism of action are fundamental in the quest to mitigate the pathological consequences of amyloid formation. Here, characterization of the structural and mechanistic basis for the antiamyloidogenic effect of phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (PcTS) on alpha-synuclein (AS) allowed us to demonstrate that specific aromatic interactions are central for ligand-mediated inhibition of amyloid formation. We provide evidence indicating that the mechanism behind the antiamyloidogenic effect of PcTS is correlated with the trapping of prefibrillar AS species during the early stages of the assembly process. By using NMR spectroscopy, we have located the primary binding region for PcTS to a specific site in the N terminus of AS, involving the amino acid Tyr-39 as the anchoring residue. Moreover, the residue-specific structural characterization of the AS-PcTS complex provided the basis for the rational design of nonamyloidogenic species of AS, highlighting the role of aromatic interactions in driving AS amyloid assembly. A comparative analysis with other proteins involved in neurodegenerative disorders reveals that aromatic recognition interfaces might constitute a key structural element to target their aggregation pathways. These findings emphasize the use of aggregation inhibitors as molecular probes to assess structural and toxic mechanisms related to amyloid formation and the potential of small molecules as therapeutics for amyloid-related pathologies.
A 5V-only 16M flash memory using a contactless array of source-side injection cells (2002)

The source side injection technology coupled with a modified virtual ground contactless array architecture is effective in addressing high density FLASH requirements. We describe a single supply 16 Mbit chip developed in a 0.7 /spl mu/m triple-poly double metal process using a 3.36 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ cell. The design challenge is to implement all the necessary array interface circuitry while maintaining a high array-to-chip area efficiency. This implementation requires unique decoding circuitry on the bitlines and cell control gates.
Superconducting gravity gradiometer for sensitive gravity measurements. II. Experiment (1987)

A sensitive superconducting gravity gradiometer has been constructed and tested. Coupling to gravity signals is obtained by having two superconducting proof masses modulate magnetic fields produced by persistent currents. The induced electrical currents are differenced by a passive superconducting circuit coupled to a superconducting quantum interference device. The experimental behavior of this device has been shown to follow the theoretical model closely in both signal transfer and noise characteristics. While its intrinsic noise level is shown to be 0.07 E ${\mathrm{Hz}}^{\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{\textonehalf{}}}$ (1 E\ensuremath{\equiv}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}$ ${\mathrm{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$), the actual performance of the gravity gradiometer on a passive platform has been limited to 0.3-0.7 E ${\mathrm{Hz}}^{\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{\textonehalf{}}}$ due to its coupling to the environmental noise. The detailed structure of this excess noise is understood in terms of an analytical error model of the instrument. The calibration of the gradiometer has been obtained by two independent methods: by applying a linear acceleration and a gravity signal in two different operational modes of the instrument. This device has been successfully operated as a detector in a new null experiment for the gravitational inverse-square law. In this paper we report the design, fabrication, and detailed test results of the superconducting gravity gradiometer. We also present additional theoretical analyses which predict the specific dynamic behavior of the gradiometer and of the test.
Iris center location using Hough transform with two-dimensional parameter space (2012)

An algorithm of approximate location of iris center in image is presented. It is based on Hough transformation for circles. Problem is set in a way to detect only iris center position without evaluating its size. Such formulation allows to reduce the dimension of parameter space compared to commonly used approaches that detect center position and radius simultaneously. Apart, omitting radius estimation gives an opportunity to use points of both pupil and iris circles in Hough transform, increasing the stability of method especially for images with poor pupil contour quality. The algorithm was tested for more than 95000 iris images from public domain databases.
Shoulder Pain in Hemiplegia (2004)

These results indicate that shoulder pain is a frequent complication after stroke and that it may develop from a variety of factors. To prevent and alleviate shoulder pain, efforts should be directed toward proper positioning of the shoulder, range of motion activities, and the avoidance of immobilization.
CO<sub>2</sub>-fixation into cyclic and polymeric carbonates: principles and applications (2019)

The reaction between carbon dioxide and epoxides is an attractive pathway for CO<sub>2</sub>-utilisation as it can lead to the formation of two valuable products: cyclic and polymeric carbonates.
ADSORPTION FROM SOLUTION. IV. AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS ON SILICA (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTADSORPTION FROM SOLUTION. IV. AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS ON SILICAL. R. SnyderCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1963, 67, 12, 2622–2628Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100806a029https://doi.org/10.1021/j100806a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views130Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Abstract #5507: Targeting apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma (RCC): In vitro synergy between ABT-737 and inhibition of PI3-Kinase in RCC cell lines (2009)

Introduction : Most currently available therapies in RCC primarily target the tumor endothelium and have little intrinsic toxicity to RCC tumor cells. ABT-737 is a small molecule inhibitor of several anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members (e.g. Bcl-2, Bcl-X L , Bcl-w) which has been shown to induce apoptosis as a single agent and enhance that induced by death-receptor agonists (e.g. TRAIL)in many different cancer cell lines. PI3-Kinase, through FOXO, regulates the expression of numerous proteins relevant to the extrinsic apoptosis pathway including TRAIL and Fas ligand as well as BH3-only Bcl-2 family members such as Bim and BNIP. Given the limitations of current RCC therapies, we sought to explore the efficacy of ABT-737 in RCC and whether this efficacy may be enhanced through the concurrent inhibition of PI3-Kinase. Methods : 786-0, 769-P, and Caki-1 RCC cell lines were treated in vitro with varying concentrations of ABT-737 ranging from 0-10µM in the presence and absence of LY294002 at 50µM and analyzed for viability by propidium iodide staining. Cell lysates were analysed by western blot for PARP cleavage. The dependency of observed cytotoxicity on caspase activation was assessed by concurrent treatment with Z-VAD (pan-caspase inhibitor), Z-IETD (caspase 8 inhibitor), or Z-LEHD (caspase 9 inhibitor). Results : Treatment with ABT-737 resulted in variable lethality in the RCC cell lines which in all cases was synergistically enhanced by the concurrent treatment with LY294002. The combination of ABT-737 and LY294002 resulted in significantly increased cleavage of PARP, caspase 8, and caspase 3 compared with ABT-737 alone. Cells treated with LY294002 showed downmodulation of Mcl-1 and upregulation of Bim expression. BNIP and Noxa levels were unaffected. The lethality of both single-agent ABT-737 and the combination of ABT-737 with LY294002 was completely abrogated by treatment with ZVAD, significantly reduced by Z-IETD, but only modestly protected by Z-LEHD. Conclusions : ABT-737 induces apoptosis in RCC cell lines which is synergistically enhanced through concurrent inhibition of PI3-Kinase. The complete dependence of this lethality on caspase activation, along with the greater protection of cells with inhibition of caspase 8 as compared with caspase 9, strongly argues for involvement of death-receptor pathways, a notion which will be confirmed in studies in which signaling through DR4/5 and fas is disrupted. Numerous PI3-Kinase inhibitors are currently undergoing development for RCC therapy. Our data suggest that they may be particularly effective in combination BH3 mimetics such as ABT-737. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 5507.
Coded modulation for noncoherent reception with application to OFDM (2001)

Power- and bandwidth-efficient differentially encoded transmission over slowly time-varying fading channels with noncoherent reception and without channel state information is considered. For high bandwidth efficiencies, combined phase and amplitude modulation is used. For increased power efficiency, channel coding and multiple-symbol differential detection are applied, i.e., interleaving and detection are based on blocks of N>2 consecutive symbols. The presented concepts are directly applicable to transmission over flat fading channels. However, concentrating on the situation of frequency-selective channels, we consider their application to multicarrier transmission using orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM). When coding across subcarriers, OFDM transforms the actual frequency-selective channel into a slowly time-varying frequency-nonselective fading channel. This paper presents a design for multilevel coding schemes to approach theoretical limits for power- and bandwidth-efficient noncoherent transmission over the equivalent fading channel. It is shown that bit-interleaved coded modulation, which relies on Gray labeling, is competitive only in the case of conventional differential detection with N=2. The theoretic considerations are well approved by simulation results, where turbo codes are applied as component codes.
Population Lensing in Alexandrite Lasers (2019)

Alexandrite (Cr <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> :BeAl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> ) is a vibronic laser at 701-858 nm. Its excellent thermo-mechanical properties and high energy storage make it an ideal high power and high energy Q-switched source with recent development in mJ-level red-diode-pumped Alexandrite oscillators and amplifiers [1-3]. Further power scaling of these systems is limited by thermal lensing which has yet to be addressed in great detail. In this work we present experimental and finite element analysis (FEA) results on the investigation of thermal lensing in a red-diode-pumped Alexandrite laser. Differences in the thermal lensing power for non-lasing and lasing conditions are attributed to a `population lens' effect. In a separate study stable self-Q-switching (SQS) is observed in an Alexandrite laser cavity containing only the gain medium where the SQS loss mechanism is attributed to the population lens.
Non-Photochemical Quenching. A Response to Excess Light Energy (2001)

Plants and algae have a love/hate relationship with light. As oxygenic photoautotrophic organisms, they require light for life; however, too much light can lead to increased production of damaging reactive oxygen species as byproducts of photosynthesis. In extreme cases, photooxidative damage can
Evaluation of the Respicon<sup>®</sup>as a personal inhalable sampler in industrial environments (2002)

The Respicon has been introduced as a sampler for health related measurements of airborne contaminants at workplaces. The instrument is aimed at simultaneous collection of three health related aerosol fractions: (a) the coarser inhalable fraction, defining the aerosol fraction that may enter the nose and mouth during breathing; (b) the intermediate thoracic fraction, defining the fraction that may penetrate beyond the larynx and so reach the lung; and (c) the finer respirable fraction, defining the fraction that may penetrate to gas exchange region of the lung. The instrument has a number of features attractive to occupational hygienists: in addition to providing the three aerosol fractions simultaneously, it is light and compact enough to be used as a personal sampler. yet can be a tripod mounted for area sampling, it can provide samples not only for gravimetric analysis but also microscopic and chemical analyses; and it is also available in a photometric direct-reading version. The instrument has previously been evaluated as an area sampler and, in this mode of operation, has shown reasonable accuracy in collecting respirable, thoracic and inhalable particles, the latter up to particle diameters of ca. 80 microm. Except for some scattered unpublished data there exist no systematic investigations in the Respicon's performance when used as a personal sampler in the industrial environment. In this paper, we will report on a study of side by side comparison of the Respicon with the IOM inhalable sampler, regarded as a reference instrument for the inhalable fraction. The main study was performed at six different workplaces in a nickel refinery. Statistical analysis of the gravimetrically-determined concentration data reveals consistently lower aerosol exposure values for the Respicon as compared to the IOM sampler. The data for the nickel workplaces are compared with findings from other studies. The results are interpreted in the light of the overall results and the possibility of introducing a correction factor is discussed.
Frizzleds: new members of the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors (2004)

The superfamily of membrane receptors that signal via heterotrimeric G-proteins includes more than 1500 members, classified into five basic groups, representing about 5-10% of the human genome. These G-protein-coupled receptors operate through a comparatively smaller group of heterotrimeric G-protein family of approximately 20 members, each displaying an alpha subunit that binds and hydrolyzes GTP in combination with the beta-/gamma-subunit complex that is largely non-dissociable in vivo. Frizzleds represent the cell membrane receptors for a family of secreted glycoprotein ligands termed "Wnts" that play essential roles in development, including cell fate, adhesion, polarity, migration, and proliferation. Based upon a compelling set of experimental observations about the structure and downstream signaling of Wnt-Frizzled signaling, one can only conclude that Frizzleds are true members of the GPCR family and require heterotrimeric G-proteins to propagate signals from the Wnts to well-known effectors, including beta-catenin stabilization, mobilization of intracellular Ca2+, and activation of cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase. Careful study of primary structure of Frizzleds reveal heptihelical, 7-transmembrane segments, characteristic of GPCRs. Chimeric forms of Frizzleds, making use of the cytoplasmic domains of Frizzleds, substituted into the exofacial and transmembrane segments of the prototypic GPCR beta2-adrenergic receptor are functional and display the well-known GTP-shift in receptor affinity. Suppression of specific G-protein subunits suppress the ability of chimeric as well as authentic Frizzled-1 and Frizzled-2 to signal to their canonical pathways upon activation. The involvement of beta-arrestin, an important regulator of GPCR signaling, in Frizzled signaling is, therefore, not unexpected. Recognition of the GPCR character of Frizzled enables a more broad understanding of these receptors and of their mechanisms of downstream signaling.
New biogenetic-type approach to Cephalotaxus alkaloids (1977)

S. M. Kupchan, O. P. Dhingra and C. Kim, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1977, 847 DOI: 10.1039/C39770000847
Clinical outcomes in metastatic uveal melanoma treated with PD‐1 and PD‐L1 antibodies (2016)

PD-1 and PD-L1 antibodies rarely confer durable remissions in patients with metastatic uveal melanoma. Clinical trial enrollment should be prioritized in this population. Cancer 2016;122:3344-3353. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Novel multi-targeted polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of presumed tubercular uveitis (2013)

Multi-targeted PCR can be a valuable tool for diagnosing presumed tubercular uveitis.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Trost–Oppolzer‐Type Alder–Ene Reaction of Dienyl Acetates to Cyclopentadienes (2017)

A new approach to the synthesis of highly substituted cyclopentadienes, indenes, and cyclopentene-fused heteroarenes by means of the Pd-catalyzed Trost-Oppolzer-type intramolecular Alder-ene reaction of 2,4-pentadienyl acetates is described. This unprecedented transformation combines the electrophilic features of the Tsuji-Trost reaction with the nucleophilic features of the Alder-ene reaction. The overall outcome can be perceived as a hitherto unknown "acid-free" iso-Nazarov-type cyclization. The versatility of this strategy was further demonstrated by the formal synthesis of paucifloral F, a resveratrol-based natural product.