gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wnt5a promotes vasculogenic mimicry and epithelial-mesenchymal transition via protein kinase Cα in epithelial ovarian cancer (2014)

Epithelial ovarian cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death in women. The majority of epithelial ovarian cancer patients present with metastasis at the time of initial diagnosis. Studies have demonstrated that vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is highly correlated with metastasis and invasiveness, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is pivotal in VM formation. Wnt5a, a member of the Wnt protein family, can activate the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway mediating cancer initiation and progression. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship between Wnt5a and VM and its mechanism in epithelial ovarian cancer. The present results showed that Wnt5a staining was significantly correlated with metastasis in epithelial ovarian cancer. The correlation between the expression of Wnt5a and VM or protein kinase Cα (PKCα) indicated that Wnt5a was associated with VM and may be linked to the PKC pathway. In vitro experiments revealed that Wnt5a enhanced the vasculogenic capacity, motility and invasiveness of ovarian cancer cells; however, the PKCα inhibitor blocked these effects. Western blot analysis showed that changes in Wnt5a expression coincided with changes in PKC expression and that PI3K and Snail expression increased along with Wnt5a upregulation. However, no change was observed in β-catenin levels, indicating that Wnt5a may mediate EMT and VM in ovarian cancer cells via the PKCα pathway.
Modulation of mouse cardiac function in vivo by eNOS and ANP (2000)

To study the role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in cardiac function, we compared eNOS expression, contractility, and relaxation in the left ventricles of wild-type and eNOS-deficient mice. eNOS immunostaining is localized to the macro- and microvascular endothelium throughout the myocardium in wild-type mice and is absent in eNOS-/- mice. Whereas blood pressure is elevated in eNOS-/- mice, baseline cardiac contractility (dP/dt(max)) is similar in wild-type and eNOS-/- mice (9,673 +/- 2, 447 and 9,928 +/- 1,566 mmHg/s, respectively). The beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (Iso) at doses of >/=1 ng causes enhanced increases in dP/dt(max) in eNOS-/- mice compared with wild-type controls in vivo (P < 0.01) as well as in Langendorff isolated heart preparations (P < 0.02). beta-Adrenergic receptor binding (B(max)) is not significantly different in the two groups of animals (B(max) = 41.4 +/- 9.4 and 36.1 +/- 5.1 fmol/mg for wild-type and eNOS-/-). Iso-stimulated ventricular relaxation is also enhanced in the eNOS-/- mice, as measured by dP/dt(min) in the isolated heart. However, baseline ventricular relaxation is normal in eNOS-/- mice (tau = 5.2 +/- 1.0 and 5.6 +/- 1.5 ms for wild-type and eNOS-/-, respectively), whereas it is impaired in wild-type mice after NOS inhibition (tau = 8.3 +/- 2.4 ms). cGMP levels in the left ventricle are unaffected by eNOS gene deletion (wild-type: 3.1 +/- 0.8 pmol/mg, eNOS-/-: 3.1 +/- 0.6 pmol/mg), leading us to examine the level of another physiological regulator of cGMP. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) expression is markedly upregulated in the eNOS-/- mice, and exogenous ANP restores ventricular relaxation in wild-type mice treated with NOS inhibitors. These results suggest that eNOS attenuates both inotropic and lusitropic responses to beta-adrenergic stimulation, and it also appears to regulate baseline ventricular relaxation in conjunction with ANP.
Promoter unwinding and promoter clearance by RNA polymerase: Detection by single-molecule DNA nanomanipulation (2004)

By monitoring the end-to-end extension of a mechanically stretched, supercoiled, single DNA molecule, we have been able directly to observe the change in extension associated with unwinding of approximately one turn of promoter DNA by RNA polymerase (RNAP). By performing parallel experiments with negatively and positively supercoiled DNA, we have been able to deconvolute the change in extension caused by RNAP-dependent DNA unwinding (with approximately 1-bp resolution) and the change in extension caused by RNAP-dependent DNA compaction (with approximately 5-nm resolution). We have used this approach to quantify the extent of unwinding and compaction, the kinetics of unwinding and compaction, and effects of supercoiling, sequence, ppGpp, and nucleotides. We also have used this approach to detect promoter clearance and promoter recycling by successive RNAP molecules. We find that the rate of formation and the stability of the unwound complex depend profoundly on supercoiling and that supercoiling exerts its effects mechanically (through torque), and not structurally (through the number and position of supercoils). The approach should permit analysis of other nucleic-acid-processing factors that cause changes in DNA twist and/or DNA compaction.
Monosomic Alien Addition Lines Derived from <i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr. and <i>G. tomentella</i> Hayata: Production, Characterization, and Breeding Behavior (1998)

Utilization of exotic germplasm (16 wild perennial species of the subgenus Glycine Willd.) to broaden the genetic base of soybean [ G. max (L.) Merr.] has been impeded because of extremely low intersubgeneric crossability. Our objective here is to report the production, identification, and breeding behavior of monosomic alien addition lines (MAALs) each with 2 n = 40 chromosomes of soybean and one chromosome from G. tomentella Hayata (accession PI 483218, 2 n = 78). Glycine tomentella contains genes controlling several economically useful traits such as resistance to soybean rust ( Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow) and soybean cyst nematode ( Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) and tolerance to salt and drought. We have isolated 287 plants with 2 n = 41 chromosomes from BC 3 and BC 4 progenies. On the basis of distinguishing morphological features, these lines were grouped into 22 MAALs and were designated as MT‐I to MT‐XXII. MT denotes max and tomentella . The addition of an extra chromosome of G. tomentella to the 2 n soybean complement modified several morphological traits including flowering habit, plant height, degree of pubescence, seed fertility, number of seed per pod and plant, pod and seed color, and seed yield. The female transmission of an extra G. tomentella chromosome in MAALs averaged 36.5% and male transmission averaged 11.7%. This study sets a stage whereby the germplasm treasure harbored in exotic germplasm, the wild perennial relatives of the soybean, which was unexplored and not utilizable in the past, can now be reached by geneticists and plant breeders.
Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in male and female Olympic athletes (1982)

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) is negatively associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease, and high levels of HDLC have been reported for physically active people. During the 1976 Olympic Games, held in Montreal, Canada, several physiological variables were measured in volunteer male and female Olympic athletes, from whom blood was collected. To compare these elite athletes with the general population and other physically active groups, HDLC was measured in serum samples that were kept at -80 degrees C and after precipitation of lipoproteins of lower densities by heparin-manganese. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly higher in women (65.2 +/- 2.1 N = 31) than in men (54.5 +/- 1.4, N = 64) (P less than 0.01). Olympic athletes had approximately 20% more HDLC than levels reported in the literature for the general population of North America. Levels of HDLC of the male Olympic athletes were comparable to those reported for elite world-class runners of comparable age. No correlation was found between HDLC and Quetelet index or maximum oxygen consumption. Levels of HDLC in athletes 20-24 yr of age were lower than in the other age groups studied and was positively correlated with age for athletes over 20 yr of age. Although a causal relationship between physical activity and HDLC remains to be established unequivocally, the present findings agree with several other studies that link various levels of physical activity with blood concentrations of HDLC higher than those found in sedentary populations.
FROC curves using a model of visual search (2007)

The purpose of this paper is to describe FROC (free-response receiver operating characteristic) curves predicted by a recent model of visual search. The model is characterized by three parameters (μ, λ and ν) which quantify perceived lesion signal-to-noise ratio, the average number of non-lesion locations per image considered for marking by the observer, and the probability that a lesion is considered for marking, respectively. An important characteristic of a search-model predicted FROC curve is that it is contained within the rectangle with corners at (0, 0) and (λ, ν). It is shown that λ and ν determine the x and y end-point coordinates of the FROC curve, respectively, and mu determines the sharpness of the transition from vertical slope at the origin to zero slope at (λ, ν). Two figures of merit (FOM) quantifying free-response performance are described. A FOM commonly used by CAD developers is the ordinate of the FROC curve at a specified abscissa. Another FOM, recently introduced by us, measures the ability of the observer to discriminate between normal and abnormal images. The latter is analogous to the Az measure widely used in ROC methodology. The search-model is related to the initial detection and candidate analysis (IDCA) method of fitting FROC curves but a key assumption, the shapes of the fitted curves and the estimation methods are different. The search-model yielded excellent fits to a designer level and to a simulated clinical level CAD data set. Available software implementing these ideas is expected to aid in the optimization of CAD algorithms.
Block-based neural networks (2001)

This paper presents a novel block-based neural network (BBNN) model and the optimization of its structure and weights based on a genetic algorithm. The architecture of the BBNN consists of a 2D array of fundamental blocks with four variable input/output nodes and connection weights. Each block can have one of four different internal configurations depending on the structure settings, The BBNN model includes some restrictions such as 2D array and integer weights in order to allow easier implementation with reconfigurable hardware such as field programmable logic arrays (FPGA). The structure and weights of the BBNN are encoded with bit strings which correspond to the configuration bits of FPGA. The configuration bits are optimized globally using a genetic algorithm with 2D encoding and modified genetic operators. Simulations show that the optimized BBNN can solve engineering problems such as pattern classification and mobile robot control.
Error-control techniques for digital communication (1985)

This practical handbook provides communication systems engineers with guidance in the application of error-control coding. It emphasizes the fundamental concepts of coding theory while minimizing the use of mathematical tools...demonstrates the role of coding in communication system design...shows the performance gains achievable with coding...illustrates how codes should be used and how to select the right code parameters...discusses the decoding techniques that should be considered and how they are implemented...and examines how detailed performance results are obtained.
Error Reduction in Through Transmission Tomography Using Large Receiving Arrays with Phase-Insensitive Signal Processing (1984)

Akrrucr-In order to reduce artifacts due to nonstraight line wave propagation in ultrasonic computed tomography of attenuation, the use of an experimental receiving array with phase-insensitive signal processing was evaluated. A 46-element 2.25 MHz array receiver having a singleelement aperture of 1.2 mm X 1.2 mm and a center-to-center spacing of 1.4 mm was employed and projections were taken of a phantom whose refraction characteristics were controlled by temperature. Array signals were processed incoherently and attenuation projections were calculated according to the energy ratio, frequency shift, and log spectral difference methods. The resulting projections then were compared to those obtained by a 19 mm diameter 35 MHz phasesensitive single-element receiver. The phase-insensitive array response was superior to the phase-sensitive singleelement receiver, especially when the phantom became refractive. Modest improvements in the reduction of refractive errors were obtained using the energy ratio method and negligible refractive errors were observed when the frequency shift or the log spectral difference method was used.
ChemInform Abstract: New 1320637 Compounds. (1988)

Abstract The new compounds (III) are prepared at atmospheric pressure according to the scheme (no yields given).
β-Arrestin mediates the Frank–Starling mechanism of cardiac contractility (2016)

The Frank-Starling law of the heart is a physiological phenomenon that describes an intrinsic property of heart muscle in which increased cardiac filling leads to enhanced cardiac contractility. Identified more than a century ago, the Frank-Starling relationship is currently known to involve length-dependent enhancement of cardiac myofilament Ca<sup>2+</sup> sensitivity. However, the upstream molecular events that link cellular stretch to the length-dependent myofilament Ca<sup>2+</sup> sensitivity are poorly understood. Because the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and the multifunctional transducer protein β-arrestin have been shown to mediate mechanosensitive cellular signaling, we tested the hypothesis that these two proteins are involved in the Frank-Starling mechanism of the heart. Using invasive hemodynamics, we found that mice lacking β-arrestin 1, β-arrestin 2, or AT1R were unable to generate a Frank-Starling force in response to changes in cardiac volume. Although wild-type mice pretreated with the conventional AT1R blocker losartan were unable to enhance cardiac contractility with volume loading, treatment with a β-arrestin-biased AT1R ligand to selectively activate β-arrestin signaling preserved the Frank-Starling relationship. Importantly, in skinned muscle fiber preparations, we found markedly impaired length-dependent myofilament Ca<sup>2+</sup> sensitivity in β-arrestin 1, β-arrestin 2, and AT1R knockout mice. Our data reveal β-arrestin 1, β-arrestin 2, and AT1R as key regulatory molecules in the Frank-Starling mechanism, which potentially can be targeted therapeutically with β-arrestin-biased AT1R ligands.
DANTE (1921)

DANTE Get access W. H. V. READE W. H. V. READE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume os-XXIII, Issue 89, October 1921, Pages 1–14, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/os-XXIII.89.1 Published: 01 October 1921
Latent Variable MPC for trajectory tracking in batch processes: Role of the model structure (2009)

The Multiphase Latent Variable Model Predictive control (MLV-MPC) is developed based on the Principal component analysis (PCA) model. The proposed control methodology is capable of trajectory tracking as well as disturbance rejection. The model that is used in the course of MPC is a multiphase PCA model that is constructed based on the available data from the measurements on the process. Different data arrangements are studied and their effects on the performance of the control algorithm are evaluated.
Bioavailability of Chlorocatechols in Naturally Contaminated Sediment Samples and of Chloroguaiacols Covalently Bound to C <sub>2</sub> -Guaiacyl Residues (1994)

Bacteria in anaerobic enrichment cultures that dechlorinated a range of chlorocatechols were used to examine the stability of endogenous chlorocatechols in a contaminated sediment sample and in interstitial water prepared from it. During incubation of the sediment sample for 450 days with or without added cells, there was a decrease in the concentration of solvent-extractable chlorocatechols but not in that of the total chlorocatechols, including sediment-associated components. In the presence of azide, the decrease in the concentrations of the former was eliminated or substantially decreased. Control experiments in which 3,4,5-trichlorocatechol was added to the sediment suspensions after 130 days showed that its dechlorination was accomplished not only by the added cells but also by the endemic microbial flora. It was concluded that the endogenous chlorocatechols in the sediment were not accessible to microorganisms with dechlorinating activity. On the other hand, microorganisms were apparently responsible for decreasing the solvent extractability of the chlorocatechols, and this effect decreased with increasing length of exposure time. Similar experiments carried out for 70 days with the sediment interstitial water showed that the chlorocatechols that were known to be associated with organic matter were also inaccessible to microbial dechlorination. Experiments with model compounds in which 4,5,6-trichloroguaiacol and tetrachloroguaiacol were covalently linked to C(2)-guaiacyl residues showed that these compounds were resistant to O demethylation or dechlorination during incubation with a culture having these activities. The only effect of microbial action was the quantitative reduction in 12 days of the C'1 keto group to an alcohol which was stable against further transformation for up to 65 days. The results of these experiments are consistent with the existence of chlorocatechols and chloroguaiacols in contaminated sediments and illustrate the cardinal significance of bioavailability in determining their recalcitrance to dechlorination and O demethylation, respectively. It is suggested that bioavailability is an important factor in determining the persistence of xenobiotics in natural ecosystems and that its omission represents a serious limitation in the interpretation of many laboratory experiments directed towards determining the persistence of xenobiotics in aquatic ecosystems.
Organogels in drug delivery (2005)

In the last decade, interest in physical organogels has grown rapidly with the discovery and synthesis of a very large number of diverse molecules, which can gel organic solvents at low concentrations. The gelator molecules immobilise large volumes of liquid following their self-assembly into a variety of aggregates such as rods, tubules, fibres and platelets. The many interesting properties of these gels, such as their thermoreversibility, have led to much excitement over their industrial applications. However, only a few organogels are currently being studied as drug/vaccine delivery vehicles as most of the existing organogels are composed of pharmaceutically unacceptable organic liquids and/or unacceptable/untested gelators. In this paper a brief overview of organogels is presented, followed by a more in-depth review of the gels that have been investigated for drug and/or vaccine delivery. These include microemulsion-based gels and lecithin gels (studied for transdermal delivery), sorbitan monostearate organogels and amphiphilogels (studied as vaccine adjuvants and for oral and transdermal drug delivery, respectively), gels composed of alanine derivatives (investigated as in situ forming gels) and Eudragit organogels (studied as a matrix for suppositories). Finally, pluronic lecithin organogels, descendents of lecithin gels but which are not really organogels, are briefly discussed for their interesting history, their root and the wide interest in these systems.
HPV E6 antisense induces apoptosis in CaSki cells via suppression of E6 splicing (2002)

Cervical cancer is known to be highly associated with viral oncogene E6 and E7 of human papilloma virus. Down-regulation of oncogene expression by antisense-based gene therapy has been extensively studied. To investigate the effect of HPV 16 E6 antisense nucleic acid (AS) on cervical cancer cells, human cervical cancer cell lines, CaSki and SiHa cells harboring HPV 16 genome were transfected with plasmid containing E6(AS). The decreased viability and the apoptotic morphology were observed in E6(AS)-transfected cervical cancer cell lines. By 6 h after transfection, inhibition of E6 splicing, rapid upregulations of p53 and a p53-responsive protein, GADD45, were displayed in E6(AS)-transfected CaSki cells. Furthermore, E6(AS) induced loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytoplasm, and subsequent activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. These results indicate that HPV 16 E6(AS) induces apoptosis in CaSki cells via upregulation of p53 and release of cytochrome c into cytoplasm, consequently activating procaspase-9 and procaspase-3.
Condensation of Certain Esters by Means of Diethylaminomagnesium Bromide<sup>1,2</sup> (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCondensation of Certain Esters by Means of Diethylaminomagnesium Bromide1,2Charles R. Hauser and Howard G. Walker Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 2, 295–297Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1947https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01194a040Request reuse permissionsArticle Views610Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (373 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Escherichia coli YrbH Is a D-Arabinose 5-Phosphate Isomerase (2003)

A gene encoding for arabinose 5-phosphate isomerase (API), which catalyzes the interconversion of d-ribulose 5-phosphate (Ru5P) and d-arabinose 5-phosphate (A5P), has been identified from the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. API is the first enzyme in the biosynthesis of 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonate (KDO), a sugar moiety located in the lipopolysaccharide layer of most Gram-negative bacteria. The API gene yrbH is located next to the recently identified specific KDO 8-P phosphatase gene, yrbI. The 328-amino acid open reading frame yrbH was cloned, overexpressed, and characterized. The purified recombinant enzyme is a tetramer and is sensitive to inhibition by zinc cations. API has optimal activity at pH 8.4 and catalytic residues with estimated pKa values of 6.55 +/- 0.04 and 10.34 +/- 0.07. The enzyme is specific for A5P and Ru5P, with apparent Km values of 0.61 +/- 0.06 mm for A5P and 0.35 +/- 0.08 mm for Ru5P. The apparent kcat in the A5P to Ru5P direction is 157 +/- 4 s-1, and in the Ru5P to A5P direction it is 255 +/- 16 s-1. The value of Keq (Ru5P/A5P) is 0.50 +/- 0.06. Homology searches of the E. coli genome suggest yrbH may be one of multiple genes that encode proteins with API activity.