gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of natural zeolite as microorganism support medium in nitrifying batch reactors: Influence of zeolite particle size (2012)

An evaluation of natural zeolite as a microorganism carrier in nitrifying reactors operated in batch mode was carried out. Specifically, the influence of zeolite particle sizes of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mm in diameter on microorganism adherence to zeolite, ammonium adsorption capacity and the identification of microbial populations were assessed. The greatest amount of total biomass adhered was observed for a zeolite particle size of 1 mm (0.289 g) which was achieved on the 12th day of operation. The highest ammonium adsorption capacity was observed for a zeolite particle size of 0.5 mm, which was 64% and 31% higher than that observed for particle sizes of 1.0 and 2.0 mm, respectively. The maximum de-sorption values were also found for a zeolite particle size of 0.5 mm, although when equilibrium was reached the ammonium concentrations were similar to those observed for a zeolite particle size of 1.0 mm. It was also found that the experimental data on ammonium adsorption fitted very well to the Freundlich isotherm for the three particle sizes studied. Finally, the nitrifying reactors showed similar microbial populations independently of the particle size used as microorganism carrier. The dominant bacterial community was Gammaproteobacteria making up 80% of the total population found. Betaproteobacteria were also identified and made up 12% approx. of the total population. Ammonium Oxidant Betaproteobacteria and Nitrobacter were also detected.
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Reveals That the 180-bp Satellite Repeat Is the Key Functional DNA Element of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> Centromeres (2003)

The centromeres of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosomes contain megabases of complex DNA consisting of numerous types of repetitive DNA elements. We developed a chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) technique using an antibody against the centromeric H3 histone, HTR12, in Arabidopsis. ChIP assays showed that the 180-bp centromeric satellite repeat was precipitated with the antibody, suggesting that this repeat is the key component of the centromere/kinetochore complex in Arabidopsis.
Capo (2009)

While deterministic replay of parallel programs is a powerful technique, current proposals have shortcomings. Specifically, software-based replay systems have high overheads on multiprocessors, while hardware-based proposals focus only on basic hardware-level mechanisms, ignoring the overall replay system. To be practical, hardware-based replay systems need to support an environment with multiple parallel jobs running concurrently -- some being recorded, others being replayed and even others running without recording or replay. Moreover, they need to manage limited-size log buffers. This paper addresses these shortcomings by introducing, for the first time, a set of abstractions and a software-hardware interface for practical hardware-assisted replay of multiprocessor systems. The approach, called Capo , introduces the novel abstraction of the Replay Sphere to separate the responsibilities of the hardware and software components of the replay system. In this paper, we also design and build CapoOne , a prototype of a deterministic multiprocessor replay system that implements Capo using Linux and simulated DeLorean hardware. Our evaluation of 4-processor executions shows that CapoOne largely records with the efficiency of hardware-based schemes and the flexibility of software-based schemes.
Hands-free input devices for wearable computers (2002)

The advent of wearable computers marks a potential revolution in human-machine interaction and necessitates an expansion of control and display capabilities. Several emerging technologies can provide operators with a variety of new channels for interacting with wearable computers. Enabling technologies use signals from the brain, muscles, voice, lips, head position, eye position, and gestures for the control of computers. These hands-free, head-up controllers may be required to fully exploit the advantages of wearable computers. This paper describes several hands-free controllers that are candidate input devices, either individually or as part of a multimodal interface. Controller design, task-controller mapping and other application issues are also presented.
Link-Disjoint Shortest-Delay Path-Pair Computation Algorithms for Shared Mesh Restoration Networks (2007)

We present two novel double-constrained routing algorithms, called: Two-step Delay-constrained Pool Sharing (TDPS) and One-step Delay-constrained Pool Sharing (ODPS), in a survivable mesh network. The goal of both algorithms is to compute a pair of link-disjoint primary and backup paths between a given source and destination nodes, which guarantees full recovery from any single link failure in the network. Our objective is to minimize simultaneously the total end-to-end delay time along the primary and backup paths and the resources (such as backup bandwidth) used in the network. Using simulation, we have studied both TDPS and ODPS algorithms on three existing North-American transport networks. We show that the ODPS scheme eliminates the trap-topology problem associated with many two-step link-disjoint path computation algorithms proposed in the literature. It also outperforms TDPS in terms of the total end-to-end delay along the working and backup paths.
Dilated Residual Network with Multi-head Self-attention for Speech Emotion Recognition (2019)

Speech emotion recognition (SER) plays an important role in intelligent speech interaction. One vital challenge in SER is to extract emotion-relevant features from speech signals. In state-of-the-art SER techniques, deep learning methods, e.g, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), are widely employed for feature learning and have achieved significant performance. However, in the CNN-oriented methods, two performance limitations have raised: 1) the loss of temporal structure of speech in the progressive resolution reduction; 2) the ignoring of relative dependencies between elements in suprasegmental feature sequence. In this paper, we proposed the combining use of Dilated Residual Network (DRN) and Multi-head Self-attention to alleviate the above limitations. By employing DRN, the network can retain high resolution of temporal structure in feature learning, with similar size of receptive field to CNN based approach. By employing Multi-head Self-attention, the network can model the inner dependencies between elements with different positions in the learned suprasegmental feature sequence, which enhances the importing of emotion-salient information. Experiments on emotional benchmarking dataset IEMOCAP have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed framework, with 11.7% to 18.6% relative improvement to state-of-the-art approaches.
A comparative study of the absorption of calcium and the availability of phytate-phosphorus in the golden hamster (<i>Mesocricetus auratus</i>) and the laboratory rat (1979)

1. Balance studies were carried out with rats and golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) given diets high and low in calcium (10.8 and 5.1-5.2 g Ca/kg respectively) and high and low in phytate (3.4 and 1.6 g phytate-phosphorus/kg respectively) in a 2 X 2 factorial experiment. 2. Values for Ca absorption and phytate availability (relative to the amount ingested) and for urinary excretion of Ca and P were significantly higher in the hamster than in the rat for all four diets. 3. Phytate availability was significantly greater on the low-Ca than on the high-Ca diets with both species. 4. Ca absorption was greater on the low-phytate than on the high-phytate diets but the differences were significant only for the hamster. 5. Absorption of both Ca and P was poorly controlled in the hamster compared to the rat.
Bazedoxifene: literature data and clinical evidence. (2011)

A Multidisciplinary National Panel of Experts in the management of Menopause and Postmenopausal Osteoporosis was created to determine the specific positioning of Bazedoxifene acetate (BZA), a third-generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), in the field of available therapeutic options in prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.There are various therapeutic options in prevention and treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis, but nevertheless the problem of osteoporosis and osteoporosis-related fractures is not yet resolved today.In view of this unmet medical need, to have new treatments with efficacy and safety profile so good to therapeutically manage even larger groups of population is the conceptual basis to reduce the devastating impact of this disease on individual's morbidity and mortality, and on public health expense.The Panel has, moreover, pointed up the need to increase the awareness about the issue "osteopenia" as a risk factor for fracture to consider in daily clinical practice and the opportunity to evaluate fracture risk using an adequate algorithm (for example, FRAX®, deFRA®), which integrates the result obtained by densitometry (Bone Mineral Density, BMD) (1, 2) and clinical risk factors, in order to consider threshold values for pharmacological intervention.As for prevention and treatment and different groups of age in women's life, it is evident as in the group ranging in age 50 to 65 years the reference Specialist may be the Gynecologist, as the Woman's doctor, even if other Specialists could be interested (Endocrinologist, Rheumatologist, Internist, General Practitioner, or other Specialist who is seeing a patient with osteopenia/osteoporosis). The involved Specialist, necessarily, has to make preventative and/or therapeutic strategies for osteopenia/osteoporosis.After the publication of the study Women's Health Initiative (WHI) in 2002 (3), there was a decrease in applying Hormonal Replacement Therapy (HRT) or Hormone Therapy (HT), that even if is prescribed for climacteric symptoms (hot flushes, night sweats, etc.) can prevent bone loss and reduce osteoporosis-related fracture risk. The lower use of HRT (HT) has increased and still increases the risk of developing, in postmenopausal women, osteopenia and osteoporosis, with increased fracture risk, as it is demonstrated by N.O.R.A. Study (National Osteoporosis Risk Assessment) published in 2004 (4).On the other hand, the different treatments available for osteoporosis therapy, significantly decrease the relative risk of osteoporosis, but the percentage of non-treated or under-treated patients remains high. Thus, it is still fundamental to have at disposal further treatments with proven efficacy in preventing and treating osteopenia and osteoporosis in everyday clinical practice.
A High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Plasma Artemisinin using a Glassy Carbon Electrode for Reductive Electrochemical Detection (1997)

A high-performance liquid chromatography assay equipped with a glassy carbon electrode for electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) was developed at reductive mode for the analysis of artemisinin, the antimalarial drug from Artemisia annua (Asteraceae) in human plasma. This method was selective, sensitive, and produced satisfactory recovery, precision, and accuracy. Analysis of plasma samples from 8 male volunteers given 10 mg kg-1 of artemisinin orally as an aqueous suspension showed a mean peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of 580.89 ng ml-1 +/- 88.64 SD at 2.5 h +/- 0.5 SD after dosing, and the mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-infinity) was 2227.57 ng h ml-1 +/- 677.22 SD. In addition, the elimination rate constant (Ke), elimination half-life (t1/2), and apparent volume of distribution (Vd) were calculated to be 0.2971 h-1 +/- 0.0644 SD, 2.42 h +/- 0.46 SD, and 16.26 l kg-1 +/- 3.44 SD, respectively.
Recent Developments in Plasma Metal Processing (1986)

Emploi des plasmas en metallurgie extractive pour la reduction des minerais oxydes (reduction directe des minerais de fer et de chromite), reduction par le carbone a haute temperature d'oxydes refractaires, decomposition de minerais complexes. Emploi en fusion et refusion d'aciers speciaux, de metaux reactifs (Ti, Cr) et de metaux refractaires (Nb, Mo, Ta). Raffinage de ces derniers metaux par degazage et par volatilisation
Gate-Induced Drain-Leakage (GIDL) Programming Method for Soft-Programming-Free Operation in Unified RAM (URAM) (2009)

A soft-programming-free operation method in unified RAM (URAM) is presented. An oxide/nitride/oxide (O/N/O) layer and a floating-body are integrated in a FinFET, thereby providing the versatile functions of a high-speed capacitorless 1T-DRAM, as well as nonvolatile memory, and the mode of the memory cell can be selected and independently utilized according to the designer's demand. With the utilization of the impact ionization method for 1T-DRAM programming, undesired soft charge trapping into O/N/O gradually shifts the threshold voltage, resulting in an unstable operation in the URAM. In order to avoid such problems associated with soft programming, a gate-induced drain-leakage (GIDL) program method is proposed for improved immunity to disturbance. It is found that the GIDL method effectively suppresses soft programming without sacrificing the sensing current window.
A TWO-FLUID MODEL FOR ELECTRO- AND MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL SUSPENSIONS (2002)

A two-fluid continuum model is developed to describe mass transport in electro- and magnetorheological suspensions. The particle flux is related to the field-induced stresses. Solutions of the resulting mass balance show column formation in the absence of flow, and stripe formation when a suspension is subjected simultaneously to an applied electric field and shear flow.
Synthesis of titanium-containing mesoporous molecular sieves with a cubic structure (1996)

A titanium-containing mesoporous material with a cubic structure, Ti-MCM-48, is synthesized by a two-stage hydrolysis method using tetraethylorthosilicate and tetrabutylorthotitanate and found to be more active than Ti-MCM-41 in the epoxidation of bulky alkenes using H2O2.
<title>Personal communication in traditional cellular networks</title> (1996)

The purpose of this paper is to describe the flow of calls through the mobile network as it applies to the operation of Basic and Enhanced Services. Included in the discussion is the overall network layout, the physical connections between the network entities, and the signaling protocols which allow the entities to be integrated. The specific functionality of the applications and services are not detailed as the specific implementation varies from vendor to vendor and from service provider to service provider. The Enhanced Services Platform is installed in a service providers network in order to offer mobile subscribers services and applications which would otherwise not be available. The service providers' objective is to increase revenue/subscriber, increase subscriber loyalty/decrease churn, and build competitive advantages through differentiation. The services provided on the Enhanced Services platform can be viewed as either Basic or Enhanced. For the purpose of this paper, Basic Services refers to Numeric Paging, Call Answering, and Voice Messaging while Enhanced Services refers to FAX Messaging, One Number Service, Voice Dialing and other Voice Recognition applications, Information Services including FAX on Demand, and Automated Call Routing.
New Filler-Induced Failure Mechanism in Plastic Encapsulated VLSI Dynamic MOS Memories (1985)

Fillers in plastic resin can give the local stress to the chip, which causes a single-column-line failure in a sensitive dynamic RAM with marginal sense amplifier circuits. This failure can be improved effectively by employing fillers of small size and/or a buffer coating over the chip.
In vivo and in vitro studies on a new peroxide‐containing toothpaste (1973)

abstract — A hydrogen peroxide toothpaste was tested in vitro for its bactericidal effect and in vivo for its effect on gingival inflammation and exudation as well as on plaque formation and bacterial composition. Significant effects were formed both in vitro and in vivo . The effect on approximal Plaque and Gingival Indices was less pronounced, but this is explained by the mode of application of the paste in this pilot study.
The effect of background music on the taste of wine (2011)

Research concerning cross-modal influences on perception has neglected auditory influences on perceptions of non-auditory objects, although a small number of studies indicate that auditory stimuli can influence perceptions of the freshness of foodstuffs. Consistent with this, the results reported here indicate that independent groups' ratings of the taste of the wine reflected the emotional connotations of the background music played while they drank it. These results indicate that the symbolic function of auditory stimuli (in this case music) may influence perception in other modalities (in this case gustation); and are discussed in terms of possible future research that might investigate those aspects of music that induce such effects in a particular manner, and how such effects might be influenced by participants' pre-existing knowledge and expertise with regard to the target object in question.
Psycho Physiological and Subjective Responses to Mental Workload Levels during N-Back Task (2016)

The present study investigated the effects of mental workload levels on psychophysiological and subjective responses during n-Back task. Heart rate, heart rate variability, shoulder muscle activity, EEG and EOG were measured during performing four mental tasks by 32 males. NASA-TLX completed at the end of each mental task. Using NASA-TLX the subjects stated that the task demands of very high mental task were higher than those of low, medium and high mental tasks. By increasing mental workload LF/HF ratio, shoulder muscle activity, eye activity and alpha activity significantly changed. It suggests that mentioned indices have enough sensitivity to quantify mental workload. Future studies should implement to determine the long-term effects such as cardiovascular and mental disorders in both males and females which experience different levels of mental workload in daily working condition. To get better results suggested those parameters such as: cultural differences, anthropometric data, body mass index, alertness, shift work and menstrual cycle take into account.
SGEF, a RhoG Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor that Stimulates Macropinocytosis (2004)

SGEF (SH3-containing Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor) is a RhoGEF of unknown function. We found the SGEF protein to be expressed in many established cell lines and highly expressed in human liver tissue. SGEF stimulated the formation of large interconnected membrane ruffles across dorsal surfaces when expressed in fibroblasts. SGEF required its proline-rich amino-terminus to generate dorsal, but not lateral, membrane ruffles and a functional SH3 domain to colocalize with filamentous actin at sites of membrane protrusion. Full-length SGEF activated RhoG, but not Rac, when expressed in fibroblasts. Further, recombinant SGEF DH/PH protein exchanged nucleotide on RhoG, but not on Rac1 or Rac3, in vitro. Scanning electron microscopy of fibroblasts demonstrated that SGEF induced dorsal ruffles that were morphologically similar to those generated by constitutively active RhoG, but not constitutively active Rac1. Transient expression of SGEF stimulated fibroblast uptake of 10-kDa dextran, a marker of macropinocytosis. This required the full-length protein and a catalytically active DH domain. Finally, activated RhoG was found to be more effective than activated Rac, and comparable to SGEF, in its ability to trigger dextran uptake. Together, this work establishes SGEF as a RhoG exchange factor and provides evidence that both SGEF and RhoG regulate membrane dynamics in promotion of macropinocytosis.
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 inhibits the growth of non-small cell lung cancer. (2002)

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) have mitogenic and antiapoptotic properties and have been implicated in the development of lung cancer. The effects of IGFs are modulated by insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs). This study explored the effects of IGFBP-3 on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells after infection with an adenovirus constitutively expressing IGFBP-3 under the control of the cytomegalovirus promoter (Ad5CMV-BP3). We found that IGFs, especially IGF-I, stimulated the growth of NSCLC cells, and Ad5CMV-BP3 suppressed this IGF-I-induced NSCLC cell growth. We also found that the clonogenicity of H1299 cells in soft agar was markedly reduced by Ad5CMV-BP3. Furthermore, direct injection of Ad5CMV-BP3 into H1299 NSCLC xenografts s.c. established in athymic nude mice induced massive destruction of the tumors. Ad5CMV-BP3 did not induce detectable cytotoxicity on normal human bronchial epithelial cells, suggesting therapeutic efficacy of this virus. Ad5CMV-BP3 infection was accompanied by apoptotic cell death in vitro as detected by flow cytometry, DNA fragmentation analysis, and Western blot analysis on the expression of Bcl-2 and on the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, a substrate of caspase 3. Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy was also used to show the apoptotic effect of Ad5CMV-BP3 in H1299 tumors established in nude mice. These findings indicated that IGFBP-3 was a potent inducer of apoptosis in NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. To delineate the underlying mechanism, we examined the effect of IGFBP-3 on Akt/protein kinase B and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta, downstream mediators of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway, and on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), all three of which are activated by IGF-mediated signaling pathways and have important roles in cell survival. IGFBP-3 overexpression inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta and the activity of MAPK. Furthermore, IGF-I rescued the NSCLC cells from serum depletion-induced apoptosis, and this rescue was blocked in Ad5CMV-BP-3-infected H1299 NSCLC cells. Transient transfection with activated Akt or constitutively active MAPK kinase-1, an upstream activator of MAPK, partially blocked IGFBP-3-induced apoptosis of NSCLC cells. These findings suggested that the growth-regulatory effect of IGFBP-3 on NSCLC cells was attributable in part to the inhibition of the IGF-induced survival pathway. These data demonstrate the importance of IGFBP-3 in the regulation of NSCLC cell proliferation, clonogenicity, and tumor growth, suggesting that IGFBP-3 is a target for the treatment of lung cancer and that Ad5CMV-BP3 is a potential therapeutic agent.
Intelligent computer vision processing techniques for fall detection in enclosed environments (2014)

A Doctoral Thesis. Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy of Loughborough University.