gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biochemical analysis of the ligand for the neu oncogenic receptor (1991)

The neu protooncogene (also called HER2 and c-erbB2) encodes a cell-surface tyrosine kinase structurally related to the receptor for the epidermal growth factor (EGF). We have previously reported that a candidate ligand for the neu receptor is secreted by ras-transformed fibroblasts. Biochemical analyses of the neu stimulatory activity indicate that the ligand is a 35-kDa glycoprotein that is heat stable but sensitive to reduction. The factor is precipitable by either high salt concentrations or acidic alcohol. Partial purification of the molecule by selective precipitation, heparin-agarose chromatography, and gel filtration in dilute acid resulted in an active ligand, which is capable of stimulating the protooncogenic receptor but is ineffective on the oncogenic neu protein, which is constitutively active. The purified fraction, however, retained the ability to stimulate also the related receptor for EGF, suggesting that these two receptors are functionally coupled through a bidirectional mechanism. Alternatively, the presumed ligand interacts simultaneously with both receptors. The presented biochemical characteristics of the factor are expected to enable a completely purified factor with which to explore these possibilities.
Influence of alloying elements on the oxidation behavior of NbAl3 (1988)

NbAL3 is one candidate material for advanced aeropropulsion systems because of its high melting point, low density, and good oxidation resistance. Although NbAl3 has the lowest oxidation rate among the binary Nb-Al alloys, it does not form exclusive layers of protective Al2O3 scales. Recently Perkin et al., have shown the feasibility of forming alumina scales on Nb-Al alloys at greatly reduced Al contents. However, the objective was to maintain the high Al content, and hence low density, while achieving the capability of growing protective alumina scales. Alloy development followed approaches similar to those used successfully for superalloys and oxidation resistant MCrAlY coatings. Among the three elements examined (Ti, Si, and Cr) as ternary additions to Nb-Al3, Cr was the most effective in favoring the selective oxidation of Al. Nb-41Al-8Cr formed exclusive layers of alumina and had a k sub p value of 0.22 mg squared/cm (sup 4)/hr at 1200 C. The addition of 1 wt percent Y to this alloy was also beneficial, resulting in nearly an order of magnitude decrease in K sub p at 1200 C. Further improvements were achieved by adding about 1 wt percent Si to the quaternary alloy. The k sub p value of 0.012 mg squared/cm (sup 4)/hr for Nb-40Al-8Cr-1Y-1Si at 1200 C was identical to the best NiAl + Zr alloys. These NbAl3 alloys also exhibited excellent cyclic oxidation resistance for 100 hr at 1200 C, being nearly equivalent to NiAl + Zr.
High silicon etch rates by hot filament generated atomic hydrogen (1997)

The etching of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) and microcrystalline silicon by hot tungsten filament generated atomic hydrogen has been investigated. Room-temperature etch rates of 27 Å for amorphous and 20 Å for microcrystalline silicon have been achieved. Boron doping decreases the etch rate, whereas phosphorus doping does not affect it. No surface roughening occurs, even for the highest a-Si:H etch rates. In the initial phase of the etch process, however, a bond structure modification arises close to the surface. An increase of microcrystalline silicon etch rates towards the substrate/film interface reflects the coalescence of the microcrystalline nuclei. Hot filament atomic hydrogen etching provides high etch rates of amorphous and polycrystalline silicon with a high selectivity against metals and thermal oxide. Due to its simple setup and control, this kind of hydrogen etching is very interesting for applications in semiconductor technology where F- or Cl-etchants are to be avoided.
DAC-h3: A Proactive Robot Cognitive Architecture to Acquire and Express Knowledge About the World and the Self (2017)

This paper introduces a cognitive architecture for a humanoid robot to engage in a proactive, mixed-initiative exploration and manipulation of its environment, where the initiative can originate from both human and robot. The framework, based on a biologically grounded theory of the brain and mind, integrates a reactive interaction engine, a number of state-of-the-art perceptual and motor learning algorithms, as well as planning abilities and an autobiographical memory. The architecture as a whole drives the robot behavior to solve the symbol grounding problem, acquire language capabilities, execute goal-oriented behavior, and express a verbal narrative of its own experience in the world. We validate our approach in human-robot interaction experiments with the iCub humanoid robot, showing that the proposed cognitive architecture can be applied in real time within a realistic scenario and that it can be used with naive users.
Somatostatin analogue rc‐160 inhibits the growth of transplanted colon cancer in rats (1991)

The effect of somatostatin analogue RC-160 on the growth of DHD/K12 rat colon cancer has been investigated in vivo as well as in vitro. Twenty syngeneic BDIX rats with s.c. implanted tumors were divided randomly into 2 groups. The rats from each group received a daily s.c. injection of either RC-160 (100 micrograms/kg/day) or injection vehicle as control for 37 days starting from the day of tumor inoculation. Tumor volumes were measured every 3-4 days. At the end of the treatment, the mean tumor volume was 504.5 +/- 97.0 mm3 in the control group and 177.8 +/- 60.5 mm3 in the RC-160 treated group (p less than 0.01). The tumor volume doubling time was calculated to be 11 days in the control group and 13.5 days in the RC-160 group, respectively. The tumor growth delay time was 18 days. Using bromodeoxyuridine labelling in vivo, the mean labelling index in the tumors was decreased by 35% (p less than 0.01) after RC-160 treatment. Total protein and total DNA contents in the tumors were decreased by 70.1% (p less than 0.05) and 68.7% (p less than 0.05), respectively. The data indicate that somatostatin analogue RC-160 inhibits the growth of DHD/K12 colon cancer in vivo. In 2 studies in vitro, DHD/K12 cells were cultured for 72 hr with RC-160 and natural somatostatin-14 (S-S-14) at concentrations ranging from 62.5 ng/ml to 2,000 ng/ml. Tumor-cell growth was measured spectrophotometrically by the crystal violet staining assay. No direct effect on tumor cell growth in vitro was observed with either RC-160 or S-S-14, possibly because of the loss of somatostatin receptors in previous passages of the DHD/K12 cell line.
Self-assembly of nanostructures towards transparent, superhydrophobic surfaces (2012)

High transparency is important to the performance of optical equipment and devices, such as windows, lenses, solar panels, and safety goggles. As many of them are constantly exposed to various environmental conditions, it is highly desirable to develop a self-cleaning coating that can prevent microbial growth, fouling, corrosion and icing. One of these technologies is superhydrophobic coating. In this review, we discuss recent progress in design, synthesis and fabrication of transparent, superhydrophobic surfaces. First, we revisit different models of superhydrophobicity and present the potential challenges in the nanofabrication of transparent superhydrophobic surfaces. We then discuss the general fabrication methods, including the top-down fabrication methods and self-assembly approaches, to create roughness with a size in the sub-visible wavelength with or without post-hydrophobilization steps. While top-down fabrication offers well-defined size and shape of surface topography, self-assembly is more versatile and could enable mass-production of nano-roughness on a wide range of substrates at a lower cost. Therefore, we focus on discussion of different self-assembly methods, including sol–gel processes, microphase separation, templating, and nanoparticle assembly, to create transparent, superhydrophobic surfaces. The review concludes with perspectives on future directions and challenges in manipulation of surface nanoroughness, specifically, using nanoparticles, for both high transparency and superhydrophobicity and their potential applications.
Control of Selective Visual Attention: Modeling the "Where" Pathway (1996)

Intermediate and higher vision processes require selection of a subset of the available sensory information before further processing. Usually, this selection is implemented in the form of a spatially circumscribed region of the visual field, the so-called "focus of attention"\nwhich scans the visual scene dependent on the input and\non the attentional state of the subject. We here present a model for the control of the focus of attention in primates, based on a saliency map. This mechanism is not only expected to model the functionality of biological vision but also to be essential for the understanding\nof complex scenes in machine vision.
특집 : 한반도 정전 협정의 전환과 그 모델 검토 (2008)

한반도 핵 문제 해결 발전과 발맞추어 한반도 정전체제를 평화체제로 전환하는 문제가 점차 부각되고 있다. 정전 협정의 전환은 결코 새로운 문제가 아니라, 역사가 남긴 문제이다. 그러나 한반도 문제가 복잡하기 때문에 이 오랜 문제는 아직 해결되지 못했고 새로운 문제가 끊임없이 산재되어 있다. 반 세기 동안 지체된 이 문제를 다시 새롭게 제기하는 것은 틀림없이 적극적 현실 의의를 가지고 있다.
Comparison of the Antibacterial Properties of Phage Endolysins SAL-1 and LysK (2011)

In spite of the high degree of amino acid sequence similarity between the newly discovered phage endolysin SAL-1 and the phage endolysin LysK, SAL-1 has an approximately 2-fold-lower MIC against several Staphylococcus aureus strains and higher bacterial cell-wall-hydrolyzing activity than LysK. The amino acid residue change contributing the most to this enhanced enzymatic activity is a change from glutamic acid to glutamine at the 114th residue.
Effect of Spore-bearing Lactic Acid-forming Bacteria ( Bacillus coagulans SANK 70258) Administration on the Intestinal Environment, Defecation Frequency, Fecal Characteristics and Dermal Characteristics in Humans and Rats (2002)

The effects of spore-bearing lactic acid-forming bacteria ( Bacillus coagulans SANK 70258) on intestinal flora and decomposition products in the intestine, as well as on various dermal characteristics were determined in healthy humans and rats. Improvement of fecal shape, change of fecal color from dark brown to yellowish brown, decrease of fecal odor and fecal pH and an increase in defecation frequency in persons whose defecation frequency was relatively low were observed after administration. The number of intestinal bifidobacteria significantly ( p <0.05) increased, whereas the number of intestinal Clostridium perfringens significantly ( p <0.05) decreased after administration compared with the values before the intake. The concentrations of intestinal ammonia, indole and p -cresol decreased. The activities of g -glucuronidase and tryptophanase decreased significantly compared with the levels during the control period ( p <0.05). The spore-bearing lactic acid-forming bacilli group was given B. coagulans SANK 70258, while kept on a basic diet adjusted to 60% protein. Protein was supplied by casein. After removing back hair, the rats were exposed to radiation of UV-B 0.5 MED once a day. Two weeks after the start of radiation, measurements were made for the number of exanthema (the number of flare and papula). The number of exanthema decreased as constipation alleviated as a result of the intake of B. coagulans SANK 70258. In experiment 2, improvement of fecal shape, change of fecal color from dark brown to yellowish brown, decrease of fecal odor, the fecal pH and increase in defecation frequency of persons whose frequency was relatively low were observed after administration. The number of intestinal bifidobacteria significantly ( p <0.05) increased, whereas the number of intestinal C. perfringens significantly ( p <0.05) decreased after administration compared with the values before the intake. The concentrations of intestinal ammonia, indole and p -cresol content decreased. The activity of g -glucuronidase and tryptophanase decreased significantly ( p <0.05) compared with the levels during the control period. The number of comedones decreased as constipation was alleviated as a result of the intake of B. coagulans SANK 70258. These results indicate that the administration of B. coagulans SANK 70258 improves the intestinal environment, defecation frequency, fecal characteristics and dermal characteristics.
p53 Gene Mutations as Markers of Tumor Spread in Synchronous Oral Cancers (1994)

p53 gene mutations were useful as molecular markers to distinguish between tumors in this case. The potential utility of detection of tumor cells in surgical margins and saliva by molecular techniques merits further investigation.
Observation of three-dimensional behavior in surface states of bismuth nanowires and the evidence for bulk-Bi surface quasiparticles (2009)

We studied trigonal Bi nanowires $(30\text{ }\text{nm}<\text{diameter}<200\text{ }\text{nm})$ via low-temperature magnetotransport for fields up to 14 T in order to investigate the role of their surfaces. A two-dimensional behavior was expected; we found instead a three-dimensional behavior, with a rich spectrum of Landau levels in a nearly spherical Fermi surface. We show that recent observations of sharp peaks in the bulk-Bi Nernst thermopower near the 9 T quantum limit attributed to charge fractionalization, can be more plausibly interpreted in terms of surface states. Bismuth has a true quantum limit at around 70 T.
Product data model of hull structures and digital prototyping system for basic structural design (2011)

This work describes a computer system developed for the fast parametric generation of a 3D model of ship hull structure. The system is intended to be used as a tool for generating an initial product model of the hull structures at the basic design stage. The model provides not only the geometry of the hull and the main structural systems but also data describing the arrangement of plates and stiffeners of the component panels, including scantlings, spacing and materials. The objective of the system is to generate and help to evaluate alternative structural configurations, producing information on total or partial weights and centres of gravity at different levels of detail. For the intended purpose, the ease and speed of generation of a model is much more relevant than a high geometric accuracy, and so it was adopted as a simplified geometric modelling, representing curved shapes with polygonal approximations. The modelling concepts and methodology are discussed and the architecture of the system is presented, describing the main components. Finally, some results are shown from the partial modelling of a real ship that was used for testing and validation of the system.
Effects of an Antiprogesterone (RU486) on the Hypothalamic-Hypophyseal-Ovarian-Endometrial Axis During the Luteal Phase of the Menstrual Cycle* (1988)

The impact of the antiprogesterone RU486 [17 beta-hydroxy-11 beta-(4-dimethylaminophenyl) 17 alpha-(1-propynyl)estra- 4,9-dien-3-one] on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian-endometrial axis was examined in normal cycling women during the mid (MLP)- and late (LLP) luteal phases. During the MLP, 10 women received 3 mg/kg RU486 for 3 days. During the LLP, a single dose of 600 mg RU486 was administered to 4 women, and in another 4 women a single dose of 3 mg/kg was given during corpus luteum rescue by hCG. Longitudinal studies with daily and frequent blood samples (every 10 min for 10 h) were conducted during 3 consecutive cycles (control-treatment-recovery). During the MLP, RU486-induced uterine bleeding occurred in all 10 women 36-72 h after the first dose. No histological evidence of endometrial breakdown was found in endometrial biopsies taken 12-24 h before the onset of bleeding. Significant decreases in LH secretion (P less than 0.001) and LH pulse amplitude (P less than 0.006) and blunted pituitary responses to GnRH (P less than 0.01) were evident by the last treatment day, but LH pulse frequency did not change. Complete luteolysis occurred in 2 of the 10 women. Incomplete luteolysis occurred in 8 women and was associated with an initial decline of serum estradiol (P less than 0.001), but not progesterone levels, followed by rebound increases (P less than 0.001) in LH, estradiol, and progesterone levels 3 days later, which may have reversed the luteolytic processes and prolonged corpus luteum function. Spontaneous luteolysis ensued 3-5 days later with the onset of second episodes of uterine bleeding. For serum FSH, an early rise occurred during the luteal phase in advance of the onset of the second episodes of uterine bleeding. This rise may have resulted in early follicle recruitment and accounted for the shorter duration of the follicular phase during recovery cycles. During the LLP, the single RU486 dose resulted in significant decreases in LH pulse amplitude (P less than 0.03), frequency (P less than 0.05), and secretion (not significant) within 12 h. The recovery cycle was entirely normal. Corpus luteum rescue with incremental doses of hCG did not prevent uterine bleeding after RU486 treatment. These findings indicate that RU486 operates at multiple sites and implies that progesterone is important in the control of luteal function. Further, our data provide a basis for exploring the potential use of RU486 as a once a month birth control agent.
Label‐Free Electrical Detection of DNA Hybridization on Graphene using Hall Effect Measurements: Revisiting the Sensing Mechanism (2013)

Abstract There is broad interest in using graphene or graphene oxide sheets as a transducer for label‐free and selective electrical detection of biomolecules such as DNA. However, it is still not well explored how the DNA molecules interact with and influence the properties of graphene during the detection. Here, Hall effect measurements based on the Van der Pauw method are used to perform single‐base sequence selective detection of DNA on graphene sheets, which are prepared by chemical vapor deposition. The sheet resistance increases and the mobility decreases with the addition of either complementary or one‐base mismatched DNA to the graphene device. The hole carrier concentration of the graphene devices increases significantly with the addition of complementary DNA but it is less affected by the one‐base mismatched DNA. It is concluded that the increase in hole carrier density, indicating p‐doping to graphene, is better correlated with the DNA hybridization compared to the commonly used parameters such as conductivity change. The different electrical observations of p‐doping from Hall effect measurements and n‐doping from electrolyte‐gated transistors can be explained by the characteristic morphology of partially hybridized DNA on graphene and the mismatch between DNA chain length and Debye length in electrolytes.
Vibrational spectroscopy for milk fat quantification: line shape analysis of the Raman and infrared spectra (2016)

This paper presents a systematic analysis of the infrared absorption spectra and Raman scattering of the triacylglycerol molecule predominant in raw bovine milk. Gas chromatography measurements were also performed and revealed the palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids as the most predominant fatty acids in the composition of milk. Based on the gas chromatography results, infrared, and Raman spectra of the triacylglycerol with this combination of fatty acids were simulated. The theoretical spectra were compared with the experimental ones of milk fat and fluid raw milk. Assignment of bands of milk fat was proposed, which can be used for a quality monitoring of the product. We also performed a multivariate model of partial least squares from samples of fluid milk with different concentrations of fat. As a result, the most important variables in the projection were selected as vibrational markers for quality monitoring and quantifying of this important constituent of milk. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
WebNFS Server Specification (1996)

This document describes the specifications for a server of WebNFS clients. WebNFS extends the semantics of versions 2 and 3 of the NFS protocols to allow clients to obtain filehandles more easily, without recourse to the portmap or MOUNT protocols. In removing the need for these protocols, WebNFS clients see benefits in faster response to requests, easy transit of firewalls and better server scalability This description is provided to facilitate compatible implementations of WebNFS servers.
On Using Fingerprint-Sensors for PIN-Pad Entry (2008)

Automatic fingerprint authentication is an integral part in many security systems. Because not every person is always suited to that technology, a general purpose security system needs a secure exception handling. We present ideas and results to use an existing fingerprint sensor for complementary tasks allowing such fall-back solutions: Additionally to the detection of movement we detect the pressure variation applied by a finger. This pressure detection is the basis for various exception handling scenarios, such as Pw-pad entry or more sophisticated approaches like fingerprint signatures.
Limiting Stroke-Induced Damage by Targeting an Acid Channel (2005)

An acid-sensing ion channel is a key mediator of neuronal calcium influx in an animal model of stroke.
Identification of Pancreas-Specific Proteins in Endoscopically (Endoscopic Pancreatic Function Test) Collected Pancreatic Fluid with Liquid Chromatography- Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2010)

The ePFT is capable of collecting large amounts of pancreatic fluid for proteomic analysis enabling the identification of pancreas-specific proteins. This endoscopic collection method coupled with GeLC-MS/MS is a powerful technique, which can be used in future investigations to elucidate pathways involved in the development and progression of pancreatic disease.
High-resolution imaging using near-field scanning optical microscopy and shear force feedback in water (1996)

Near-field scanning optical microscopy using shear force feedback in water is demonstrated with better than 50 nm lateral spatial resolution. Results also indicate the potential to measure topographic features with higher force sensitivity than contact and noncontact atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. Soft surface contaminants are clearly imaged using shear force feedback while the simultaneously obtained optical contrast is due to the higher optical density surface features lying beneath the surface contaminants. AFM measurements do not appear to show the same sensitivity to surface features leading to the conclusion that shear force feedback may be better for imaging soft (i.e., low mechanical compliance) samples, such as biological specimens, in liquid.