gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accurate viscous free surfaces for buckling, coiling, and rotating liquids (2008)

We present a fully implicit Eulerian technique for simulating free surface viscous liquids which eliminates artifacts in previous approaches, efficiently supports variable viscosity, and allows the simulation of more compelling viscous behaviour than previously achieved in graphics. Our method exploits a variational principle which automatically enforces the complex boundary condition on the shear stress at the free surface, while giving rise to a simple discretization with a symmetric positive definite linear system. We demonstrate examples of our technique capturing realistic buckling, folding and coiling behavior. In addition, we explain how to handle domains whose boundary comprises both ghost fluid Dirichlet and variational Neumann parts, allowing correct behaviour at free surfaces and solid walls for both our viscous solve and the variational pressure projection of Batty et al. [BBB07].
Characterization of Raman Spectroscopy System Transfer Functions in Intensity, Wavelength, and Time (2020)

The emergence of a wide variety of relatively low-cost compact spectrometers has led to an increase in the use of spectroscopic techniques by researchers in a broad array of fields beyond those that have traditionally employed these analytical methods. While the fundamental elements and functions of Raman systems are generally consistent, the specific components that compose a system may vary in number, design, and configuration, and researchers often modify off-the-shelf spectrometers for unique applications. Understanding the effect of instrument design and components on acquired information is thus crucial and provides the prospect to optimize the system to individual needs and to properly compare results obtained with different systems while also reducing the potential for unintended misinterpretation of data. This paper provides a practical treatment of the influences in a typical compact spectroscopy system that can impact the extent to which the output of the system is representative of the observed environment, a relationship that in measurement science is classically termed the system transfer function. For clarity, the transfer function is developed in terms of traditional Raman output parameters, namely intensity, wavelength, and time.
Using Designing for Human Variability to optimize Aircraft eat Layout (2009)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Integrating the seemingly divergent objectives of aircraft seat configuration is a difficult task. Aircraft manufacturers look to design seats to maximize customer satisfaction and in-flight safety, but these objectives can conflict with the profit motive of airline companies. In order to boost revenue by increasing the number of passengers per aircraft, airline companies may increase seat height and decrease seat pitch. This results in disaccommodation of a greater percentage of the passenger population and is a reason for rising customer dissatisfaction.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes an effort to bridge this gap by incorporating digital human models, layout optimization, and a profit-maximizing constraint into the aircraft seat design problem. A simplified aircraft seat design experiment is conceptualized and its results are extrapolated to an airline passenger population. The dependence of passengers’ comfort ratings on seat height and seat pitch are analyzed, with the aim being to study how to maximize the design's profitability while not compromising comfort. This is a specific example of a general problem: modeling the design space of multi-objective problems involving designing for human variability. These multiple and often conflicting objectives can exist purely within the design (e.g., minimizing weight while maximizing strength) or can involve higher-level targets such as satisfying customers, passing regulatory requirements, and achieving profits (unfortunately these are not always congruent).</div>
<i>Rhodiola rosea</i> : A Versatile Adaptogen (2005)

Rhodiola rosea (rose root) belonging to the family Crassulaceae is a popular medicinal plant in Russia, Scandinavia, and many other countries. Extracts of the roots of this plant have been found to favorably affect a number of physiological functions including neurotransmitter levels, central nervous system activity, and cardiovascular function. It is being used to stimulate the nervous system, decrease depression, enhance work performance, eliminate fatigue, and prevent high-altitude sickness. Most of these effects have been ascribed to constituents such as salidroside (rhodioloside), rosavins, and p-tyrosol. It has also been found to be a strong antioxidant and anticarcinogen due to the presence of several phenolic compounds. Adaptogens are plant extracts that allow an organism to counteract adverse physical, chemical, and biological stressors by generating nonspecific resistance. Adaptogens are known to increase the availability of energy during the day, reduce stressed feelings, increase endurance, and increase mental alertness. This multipurpose medicinal plant (R. rosea), with adaptogenic properties that increase the body's nonspecific resistance and normalize functions, has been traditionally grown and used in Russia and Mongolia. Due to increasing consumer demands toward natural health products and the growing interests in the secondary metabolites of plants and their application in biotechnology and therapy, much focus has been put on the rose root and its medical properties. The rose root imparts normalizing influences on adverse physical, chemical, and biological disturbances but is otherwise innocuous. In India, the plant has been growing wild in the high altitudes of the Himalayas. The Defence Research and Development Organization in India has taken on the responsibilities of its conservation, as well as the development of multiple management practices and the development of health foods, supplements, and nutraceuticals in India.
Adaptive radio (2005)

We introduce the use of negative preferences to produce solutions that are acceptable to a group of users. This technique takes advantage of the fact that discovering what a user does not like can be easier than discovering what the user does like. To illustrate the approach, we implemented Adaptive Radio, a system that selects music to play in a shared environment. Rather than attempting to play the songs that users want to hear, the system avoids playing songs that they do not want to hear. Negative preferences could potentially be applied to information filtering, intelligent environments, and collaborative design.
Modern central processor architecture (1975)

A number of significant architectural concepts which have evolved in recent years are reviewed. These concepts are: the notion of process and the facilities for process management, such as dispatching and synchronization; the use of segmentation in organizing address spaces, and the resulting sharing and protection capabilities; the control of access to data and procedures via multiple privilege levels; the use of automatic stack management for procedure calling; and the structure of logical and physical I/O channels and I/O operations queueing. The rationale for including these concepts in modem central processor architectures, such as in the Honeywell Series 60, is also presented.
Computational models of music similarity and their application in music information retrieval (2006)

zur Untersttzung von Anwendern beim Zugriff auf und bei der Entdeckung von Musik.Der Hauptteil besteht aus zwei Kapiteln.Kapitel 2 gibt eine Einfhrung in berechenbare Modelle von Musikhnlichkeit.Zudem wird die Optimierung der Kombination verschiedener Anstze beschrieben und die grte
A New Receiver of Radiant Energy (1936)

Describes a device to be actuated by impulses of radiant energy in the form of light or heat. The impulses may succeed each other with a frequency of one or more a second. Use is made of a finely divided gas occluding substance confined in a hermetically sealed chamber, one side of which is a thin metal diaphragm forming a portion of a condenser receiver. When light or heat falls upon this substance the gas within the chamber expands and changes the capacitance of the condenser receiver. When the device receives an impulse of radiation, it shows a sensitivity of more than 50 volts per watt per cm2.
Preparation and Storage in Plasma-Lyte a of Platelets Collected with the Cell Separator CS3000 plus Equipped with the PLT30-Separation and TNX6 Collection Chambers (1995)

The last five years have been characterized by the presentation of new cell separators the main task of which is the collection of high yield-high quality platelets. The CS3000 is an old apparatus which has undergone rejuvenation to sustain the assault of its new competitors. The CS3000 Plus Omnix system is the latest version to be offered along with a combination of TNX-6 separation/PLT30 collection chambers for optimal platelet collection. In this paper we present our results with this apparatus and configuration after its adaptation to the collection and storage of platelets in a non-plasma medium, the Baxter Plasma-Lyte A. After separation the platelet product (PC) was left in the collection chamber and resuspended with 200 ml of Plasma-Lyte A instead of being resuspended in autologous plasma as usual. Plasma was collected in a separate bag (400-450 ml) for transfusion or fractionation purposes. PC quality was assessed by evaluating the platelet yield (4.17 +/- 1.8 x 10(11), and the WBC contamination (4.8 +/- 2.6 x 10(5)). The presence of platelet aggregates (platelet count after aggregate fixation with formalin/platelet count after disaggregation in EDTA), the aggregation induced by ADP, collagen and ristocetin, the hypotonic shock response and the stability of membrane glycoproteins (CD 62 - 62 - 63 - 36- 42b - 51) were measured in the preapheresis samples and in the PC immediately after, 24 and 72 hours after collection. These results were totally satisfactory as was the post-transfusion survival measured as corrected count increment in 10 transfusions to non refractory patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Apple, Mite Control, 1984 (1986)

Abstract Test pesticides were applied to 20-year-old Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, Jonathan, and Stayman apple trees planted 40 ft by 40 ft in dilute sprays (270-300 gal/acre). We used a randomized design with each cultivar as a replicate. Applications were made with a handgun at 450 psi on 10 and 29 May, 5 and 20 Jun, 3 and 17 Jul, and 1 and 15 Aug. All treatments included Cyprex 65WP at ½ lb/100 gal. European red mite (ERM) populations were assessed by sampling 25 leaves per tree, brushing mites onto glass plates treated with Tween 20 in the laboratory.
Probing Anthocyanin Profiles in Purple Sweet Potato Cell Line (<i>Ipomoea batatas </i>L<i>. </i>Cv. Ayamurasaki) by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2005)

A purple line cell line (PL) generated from the storage root of purple-fleshed sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) cv. Ayamurasaki produces a complex mixture of anthocyanins, and seven major anthocyanins have been isolated and identified to date. All these anthocyanins are exclusively cyanidin or peonidin 3-sophoroside-5-glucosides and their acylated derivatives. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to photodiode array (PDA) detection and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) on a triple quadrupole instrument was employed to further investigate the anthocyanin composition of the PL extract. Precursor-ion analysis, product-ion analysis, and selected reaction monitoring (SRM) MS/MS experiments were conducted sequentially to screen and characterize anthocyanins in the aqueous extract of the PL cell line. Precursor-ion analysis specifically detected the molecular cations of each category of anthocyanins by scanning the precursors of anthocyanidins (cyanidin, peonidin, and pelargonidin). The detected molecular cation of each anthocyanin was fragmented using product-ion analysis by collisionally activated dissociation (CAD). MS/MS using SRM detection was conducted to further confirm the fragmentation observed during product-ion analysis. In comparison to the commonly used product-ion analysis technique, the combined use of precursor-ion analysis, product-ion analysis, and SRM is particularly useful for positive identification of anthocyanins in complex matrixes and provides important information to confirm the proposed structures. Twenty-six anthocyanins were detected and characterized in the aqueous extract of the PL cell line. Several anthocyanins, including two pelargonidin derivatives, were tentatively identified for the first time in these cells.
Fluoroscopically Assisted Cochlear Implantation (2003)

Intraoperative fluoroscopy is a useful adjunct to cochlear implantation, which can be performed with minimum risk to the patient and operating room staff if the outlined precautions are taken. Intraoperative fluoroscopy is indicated in cases where the intracochlear behavior of the electrode array cannot be predicted, a condition encountered when implanting new electrode designs, cases with severely malformed inner ears, or cases of severe intraluminal obstruction requiring a double-array insertion.
Effects of the Long-acting Calcium Channel Blockers, Amlodipine, Manidipine and Cilnidipine on Steroid Hormones and Insulin Resistance in Hypertensive Obese Patients (2004)

We conclude that amlodipine, manidipine and cilnidipine all improve insulin resistance and consequently increase serum levels of DHEA and DHEA-S.
DehazeGAN: When Image Dehazing Meets Differential Programming (2018)

Single image dehazing has been a classic topic in computer vision for years. Motivated by the atmospheric scattering model, the key to satisfactory single image dehazing relies on an estimation of two physical parameters, i.e., the global atmospheric light and the transmission coefficient. Most existing methods employ a two-step pipeline to estimate these two parameters with heuristics which accumulate errors and compromise dehazing quality. Inspired by differentiable programming, we re-formulate the atmospheric scattering model into a novel generative adversarial network (DehazeGAN). Such a reformulation and adversarial learning allow the two parameters to be learned simultaneously and automatically from data by optimizing the final dehazing performance so that clean images with faithful color and structures are directly produced. Moreover, our reformulation also greatly improves the GAN’s interpretability and quality for single image dehazing. To the best of our knowledge, our method is one of the first works to explore the connection among generative adversarial models, image dehazing, and differentiable programming, which advance the theories and application of these areas. Extensive experiments on synthetic and realistic data show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of PSNR, SSIM, and subjective visual quality.
Comparative Tectonics and Petroleum Exploration in the Western United States1 (1969)

Abstract Comparison of major tectonic elements shows some elements to be abundantly petroliferous, some to be only partly petroliferous, and others to be nonpetroliferous. Thus, an understanding of comparative tectonics, is or should be, the basis for petroleum exploration. In the western United States, some of the major tectonic elements may be classified as craton, shelf or foreland, miogeosyncline, eugeosyncline, and younger basins. Their character and distribution principally control the accumulation of petroleum. The Cordilleran eugeosyncline is characterized by intense folding, thrusting, regional metamorphism, and emplacement of ultra-basic to granitic bodies; the eugeosyncline is essentially barren of petroleum. The Cordilleran miogeosyncline typically has flat thrusts of many miles of displacement, strong folding, and regional metamorphism near the base of the sedimentary section. Intrusives are common, but most are small. This region is not presently favorable for petroleum exploration because of extreme disharmony of structures above and below the thrusts and because of lack of knowledge of paleohydrodynamlcs. The Rocky Mountain shelf or foreland is characterized principally by vertical tectonics with secondary horizontal adjustments. Some complex structural and stratigraphic problems occur, but this region has been generally favorable for exploration. Subtle stratigraphic facies changes related to present or ancient structures offer attractive exploration objectives. Younger basins developed on the deformed eugeocyncline are commonly petroliferous, especially those in California. Other basins that are found on the site of the former miogeosyncline are less attractive because of nonmarine rocks and basin fragmentation by younger faults.
Interconversion of cembranolide .delta.- and .gamma.-lactones: synthesis of the C-1 epimer of isolobophytolide (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInterconversion of cembranolide .delta.- and .gamma.-lactones: synthesis of the C-1 epimer of isolobophytolideJames A. Marshall, Lawrence J. Karas, and Michael J. CoghlanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 4, 699–701Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00343a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00343a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views142Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Polyphosphorus Compounds—New Results and Perspectives (1987)

Abstract In contrast to the numerous known and often technically important mono‐ and diphosphorus compounds with phosphorus in its maximum oxidation state, polyphosphorus compounds led only a shadowy existence up to about twenty years ago. One of the reasons for this was the properties of such compounds, which made their handling and structural characterization difficult. This problem was solved by the development of modern preparative techniques and, especially, by the further methodological development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Thus, a fascinating new branch of phosphorus chemistry has been opened up in recent years. The first comprehensive review on this subject was published five years ago. Since then, research on this “element‐near” chemistry of phosphorus has produced further impressive advances with the result that a surprisingly large variety of compounds with skeletons consisting of chains or rings of phosphorus atoms is known today. However, the recent observation of the spontaneous formation of the “aromatic” pentaphosphacyclopentadienide ion, P , during the synthesis of phosphorus‐richer polyphosphides from phosphorus‐poorer compounds in solution and the discovery of the inversion of phosphorus in tetra‐ and pentacyclic organophosphanes demonstrate that this field is still capable of producing surprises.
Evaluation of Number Average Length Analysis in Quantifying Double Strand Breaks in Genomic DNAs (2003)

Double strand breaks in DNA can be quantified down to very low frequencies (a few per Gigabase pair) in nanogram quantities of nonradioactive, genomic DNA by dispersing the DNAs on electrophoretic gels, digitizing them by quantitative electronic imaging, and calculating the DNA lengths by number average length analysis. No specific distribution of damages is required for number average length analysis. To test the validity of this approach, we used DNA populations of known absolute lengths and break frequencies as experimental DNAs and calculated the number average lengths and double strand break levels. Experimental DNAs and length standards were dispersed using pulsed field electrophoretic modes (unidirectional pulsed field, contour clamped homogeneous field, or transverse alternating field) appropriate for their size range, stained with ethidium, destained, and a quantitative electronic image obtained. A dispersion curve was constructed from the migration-mobility relationships of the length standard DNAs, and the number average lengths of the experimental DNAs were calculated. The calculated DNA lengths agreed well with the actual lengths. Furthermore, the double strand break frequencies calculated through number average length analysis of DNAs dispersed by these pulsed field gel modes and digitized by quantitative electronic imaging were in excellent agreement with the actual values for populations of DNA over the size range of approximately 4 kbp to approximately 3 Mbp. The use of this approach in quantifying DNA damages is illustrated for double strand breaks and damage clusters (e.g., OxyPurine clusters recognized by Escherichia coli Fpg protein) induced in T7 DNA by ionizing radiation.
ChemInform Abstract: Design of Semicarbazones and Their Bio‐isosteric Analogues as Potential Anticonvulsants. (2001)

A series of semicarbazones and hydrazones were prepared and evaluated for anticonvulsant activity. Some compounds provided significant protection against maximal electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous strychnine induced seizures (ScSty). Compound 2a emerged as the most active compound at a dose of 30 mg/kg in ScSty test. The compounds 1a, 1g and 2a-e showed significant potentiation of sedative and hypnotic activity of pentobarbitone sodium. Thus compound 2a could serve as a prototype for future developments.
Serum Potassium Is Unreliable as an Estimate of in Vivo Plasma Potassium (1999)

The in vitro release of potassium from cells and platelets during blood clotting [particularly in patients with blood dyscrasias(1)(2)] increases serum potassium, on average, by 0.4 mmol/L (3). This difference is considered to be independent of collection tube type (4). Following a change in the supplier of collection tubes, however, we observed an increase in the frequency of pseudohyperkalemia, which prompted a formal evaluation of the serum-plasma difference and the effect of different tube types.

Free-flowing blood, taken without a tourniquet to avoid venous stasis, was collected from 40 hospital outpatients. Paired samples of clotted blood (5 mL) were collected in random order into the types of tubes listed in Table 1⇓ . One tube of each pair was selected at random, to prevent systemic bias, and centrifuged, and the potassium concentration was determined without delay (time 0). Potassium was measured using an automated …