gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BACE1 and Presenilin: Two Unusual Aspartyl Proteases Involved in Alzheimer’s Disease (2004)

Two enzymatic activities are required to generate the pathogenic β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide that accumulates in the brain of Alzheimer’s disease patients. Both activities are carried out by two unusual aspartyl proteases known as β- and γ-secretase. Their therapeutic inhibition appears, therefore, a promising strategy to treat the disease. Transgenic mouse models in which the genes encoding the secretases have been ablated offer an invaluable tool, on the one hand, to gain more insights into the biological function of these proteases and, on the other hand, to predict the consequences that might be associated with enzyme inhibition in vivo.
Synthesis of a Benzenium Ion in a Zeolite with Use of a Catalytic Flow Reactor (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSynthesis of a Benzenium Ion in a Zeolite with Use of a Catalytic Flow ReactorTeng Xu, Dewey H. Barich, Patrick W. Goguen, Weiguo Song, Zhike Wang, John B. Nicholas, and James F. HawView Author Information The Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843 Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington 99352 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 16, 4025–4026Publication Date (Web):April 14, 1998Publication History Received4 November 1997Published online14 April 1998Published inissue 1 April 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja973791mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja973791mrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views594Altmetric-Citations95LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Cations,Hydrocarbons,Ions,Zeolites Get e-Alerts
Selective recognition of DNA antigenic determinants by murine monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies. (1990)

To assess the immune recognition of DNA in systemic lupus erythematosus, the antigenic specificity of monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies from autoimmune MRL-lpr/lpr mice was investigated Determinant specificity was assessed by ELISA in terms of binding to a panel of ssDNA antigens including calf thymus, human placenta, Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, Micrococcus lysodeikticus, salmon testes, chicken blood and murine DNA. Among the monoclonal antibodies, a variety of binding patterns was observed, although for all antibodies tested murine DNA was among the most reactive antigens. Binding to other DNAs varied markedly, with some antibodies showing only low reactivity to certain antigens in the test panel. Similar results were obtained with sera of individual MRL-lpr/lpr mice. These results suggest that anti-DNA antibodies bind specific antigenic determinants variably expressed by DNAs of various species. Furthermore, the preferential binding to mouse DNA by some MRL-lpr/lpr antibodies may suggest a role of self-DNA in the in vivo selection of anti-DNA antibodies for expression.
The low temperature crystal and molecular structure of beryllium bis(octahydrotriborate), Be(B3H8)2 (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe low temperature crystal and molecular structure of beryllium bis(octahydrotriborate), Be(B3H8)2Joseph C. Calabrese, Donald F. Gaines, Steven J. Hildebrandt, and John H. MorrisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 18, 5489–5492Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00434a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00434a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views99Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Five Versus More Than Five Years of Tamoxifen Therapy for Breast Cancer Patients With Negative Lymph Nodes and Estrogen Receptor-Positive Tumors (1996)

The benefit from 5 years of tamoxifen therapy persists through 10 years of follow-up. No additional advantage is obtained from continuing tamoxifen therapy for more than 5 years.
Association between Galactosylation of Immunoglobulin G and Improvement of Rheumatoid Arthritis during Pregnancy Is Independent of Sialylation (2013)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is known to improve during pregnancy and to flare after delivery. Changes in the glycosylation of immunoglobulin G (IgG)'s fragment crystallizable (Fc) have been suggested to play a role herein. Recent animal studies indicate that not galactosylation but mainly sialylation is important in this respect. We aim to find new associations between IgG-Fc N-glycosylation and improvement of RA during pregnancy and the flare after delivery. Sera of RA patients (n = 251 pregnancies) and healthy controls (n = 32), all participating in a prospective cohort study on RA and pregnancy (PARA study), were collected before conception, during pregnancy, and after delivery. Using a recently developed fast and robust nanoRP-HPLC-sheath-flow-ESI-MS method the glycosylation of IgG Fc-glycopeptides was measured in a subclass specific manner, with relative standard deviations of <4% for the 8 most abundant IgG Fc glycopeptides during the entire measurement period of over 3 weeks. In patients and controls, several glycosylation changes were observed during pregnancy. In depth analysis of the association of these glycosylation changes with disease activity revealed that galactosylation, independent of sialylation, is associated with improvement of RA during pregnancy. Functional studies in human cell systems should be performed to obtain more insight into this matter.
A flexible full-body tactile sensor of low cost and minimal connections (2004)

In this paper, we introduce a new tactile sensor made of textiles. It has the basic structure of a matrix tactile sensor but uses only four connections to measure the magnitude and position of applied pressure, similar to the analog tactile sensor, which is widely used in touch screens and touch pads. The structure and model of the sensor are introduced. Although we could not map the exact contour of the contact area due to limited connections, the maximum number of touch points in each direction could be detected. The sensor could be used as the full-body tactile sensor for a robot, the smart carpet for a security room and so on.
2-(Methylthio)ethyl Methacrylate: A Versatile Monomer for Stimuli Responsiveness and Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly in the Presence of Air (2017)

In this communication, we investigate the photoinduced electron/energy transfer-reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization of 2-(methylthio)ethyl methacrylate (MTEMA) using 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphine zinc (ZnTPP) as a photocatalyst under visible red light (λ<sub>max</sub> = 635 nm). Interestingly, the polymerization kinetics were not affected by the presence of air as near identical polymerization kinetics were observed for non-deoxygenated and deoxygenated systems, which is attributed to the singlet oxygen quenching ability of MTEMA. In both cases, well-defined polymers were obtained with good control over the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution (MWD). Furthermore, we have demonstrated that MTEMA can undergo the polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) process from a poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (POEGMA) macromolecular chain transfer agent (macro-CTA) to yield well-defined polymeric nanoparticles of various morphologies. These nanoparticles were rapidly disassembled after exposure to visible light due to the formation of singlet oxygen by the encapsulated ZnTPP and subsequent rapid oxidation of the thioether group.
Micro-Doppler measurement of insect wing-beat frequencies with W-band coherent radar (2017)

The wingbeat frequency of insect migrant is regarded potentially valuable for species identification and has long drawn widespread attention in radar entomology. Principally, the radar echo signal can be used to extract wingbeat information, because both the signal amplitude and phase could be modulated by wing-beating. With respect to existing entomological radars, signal amplitude modulation has been used for wingbeat frequency measurement of large insects for many years, but the wingbeat frequency measurement of small insects remains a challenge. In our research, W-band and S-band coherent radars are used to measure the insect wingbeat frequency. The results show that the wingbeat-induced amplitude modulation of W-band radar is more intense than that of the S-band radar and the W-band radar could measure the wingbeat frequency of smaller insects. In addition, it is validated for the first time that the signal phase could also be used to measure the insect wingbeat frequency based on micro-Doppler effect. However, whether the wingbeat frequency measurement is based on the amplitude or phase modulation, it is found that the W-band coherent radar has better performance on both the measurement precision and the measurable minimum size of the insect.
Anti-Tumor-Promotion by Principles Obtained from<i>Angelica keiskei</i> (1991)

Potent anti-tumor promoter activity has been found in the nonpolar extracts of the root of "Ashita-Ba", Angelica keiskei Koidz. (Umbelliferae), which is eaten as a vegetable in Japan. From this active fraction, two angular furanocoumarins, archangelicin (1) and 8(S),9(R)-9-angeloyloxy-8,9-dihydrooroselol (2), three linear furanocoumarins, psoralen (3), bergapten (4) and xanthotoxin (5), and three chalcones, 4-hydroxyderricin (6), xanthoangelol (7) and a novel chalcone named ashitaba-chalcone (8), were isolated. Among these compounds, two angular type furanocoumarins, 1 and 2, and three chalcones, 6-8, suppressed 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-stimulated 32Pi-incorporation into phospholipids of cultured cells, whereas coumarins 3-5 were less effective. In addition, chalcones 6 and 7 were proved to have anti-tumor-promoting activity in mouse skin carcinogenesis induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) plus TPA. Since chalcones 6 and 7 showed calmodulin-interacting property, both chalcones may reveal anti-tumor-promoting activity via the modulation of calmodulin involved systems. These chalcones may be useful to develop the effective method for cancer prevention.
A novel recombinant single‐chain hepatitis C virus ns3‐ns4a protein with improved helicase activity (1999)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) has been shown to possess protease and helicase activities and has also been demonstrated to spontaneously associate with nonstructural protein NS4A (NS4A) to form a stable complex. Previous attempts to produce the NS3/NS4A complex in recombinant baculovirus resulted in a protein complex that aggregated and precipitated in the absence of nonionic detergent and high salt. A single-chain form of the NS3/NS4A complex (His-NS4A21-32-GSGS-NS3-631) was constructed in which the NS4A core peptide is fused to the N-terminus of the NS3 protease domain as previously described (Taremi et al., 1998). This protein contains a histidine tagged NS4A peptide (a.a. 21-32) fused to the full-length NS3 (a.a. 3-631) through a flexible tetra amino acid linker. The recombinant protein was expressed to high levels in Escherichia coli, purified to homogeneity, and examined for NTPase, nucleic acid unwinding, and proteolytic activities. The single-chain recombinant NS3-NS4A protein possesses physiological properties equivalent to those of the NS3/NS4A complex except that this novel construct is stable, soluble and sixfold to sevenfold more active in unwinding duplex RNA. Comparison of the helicase activity of the single-chain recombinant NS3-NS4A with that of the full-length NS3 (without NS4A) and that of the helicase domain alone suggested that the presence of the protease domain and at least the NS4A core peptide are required for optimal unwinding activity.
The Degree of Rate Control: A Powerful Tool for Catalysis Research (2017)

The “degree of rate control” (DRC) is a mathematical approach for analyzing multistep reaction mechanisms that has proven very useful in catalysis research. It identifies the “rate-controlling transition states and intermediates” (i.e., those whose DRCs are large in magnitude). Even in mechanisms with over 30 intermediates and transition states, these are generally just a few distinct chemical species whose energies, if they could be independently changed, would achieve a faster net reaction rate to the product of interest. For example, when there is a single “rate-determining step”, the DRC for its transition state (TS) is 1, which means (by definition) that if this TS’s energy could be decreased by kBT (where kB is Boltzmann’s constant and T is temperature), the net rate would increase by a factor of e. Because the (relative) energies of these key adsorbed intermediates and transition states can be adjusted by modifying the catalyst or solvent, or even a reactant’s molecular structure, the DRC values provide important ideas for catalyst improvement. The species with large DRCs are also the ones whose energetics must be most accurately measured or calculated to achieve an accurate kinetic model for any reaction mechanism. A tutorial on DRC analysis, the calculation of DRCs, and examples of the applications of DRCs in catalysis research is presented here. Applications of DRC analysis include the following: clarifying reaction kinetics, improving the accuracy of computational models, improving reaction conditions, improving choice of oxidant in selective oxidation, incorporation in algorithms which calculate net reaction rates of multistep mechanisms without solving the differential equations involved, and high-throughput computational screening of catalyst materials. Because DRC values can be determined experimentally, a full microkinetic model is not required to take advantage of DRC analysis.
Highly efficient white organic electroluminescent devices based on tandem architecture (2005)

Two types of tandem organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with white-light emission have been developed by using Mg:Alq3∕WO3 as the interconnecting layer. While the Commission Internationale d’Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of the tandem device with individual blue- and yellow-emitting OLEDs was sensitive to the viewing angle and the operating time, the tandem device connecting two white-emitting OLEDs was considerably less. At an optimal WO3 thickness of 5nm, the tandem two-unit device produced three higher luminance efficiency than that expected of a single-unit device. A maximum efficiency of 22cd∕A was achieved by the tandem device comprised of two white-fluorescent OLEDs, and the projected half-life under the initial luminance of 100cd∕m2 was over 80000h.
E-Learning Practices: Exploring the Potential of Pedagogic Space, Activity Theory and the Pedagogic Device (2007)

In conceptualising e-learning as a new pedagogic space, this paper builds on work which argues that the theoretical frameworks of Activity Theory and Bernstein can be brought into a productive relationship (Daniels, 2001a, 2001b, 2004). Using Activity Theory (Engestrom, 1999, 2001; Engestrom, Miettinen, & Punamaki, 1999) and Basil Bernstein¿s pedagogic device (Bernstein, 1996, 2000), an examination of the dynamics that shape practice when e-learning technology is introduced into face-to-face teaching practice is undertaken. Activity Theory is shown to be successful in identifying the tensions/contradictions that emerge when the two activity systems of face-to-face teaching and e-learning technologies come into juxtaposition. The possibility for expansionist learning through\nreflection, discussion and critical analysis is examined. Bernstein¿s pedagogic device is found to be useful in examining the means through which pedagogic discourse is established and maintained. Specifically, the notion of recontextualisation is shown to provide the opportunity to operationalise the mechanics that shape pedagogic practice when e-learning is integrated into teaching. It is concluded that the two frameworks provide different lenses for research that are complementary in examining the dynamics that shape teaching practice.
Early Abandon to Accelerate Exact Dynamic Time Warping (2009)

Abstract: Dynamic time warping is one of the important distance measures in similarity search of time series; however, the exact calculation of dynamic time warping has become a bottleneck. We propose an approach, named early abandon dynamic time warping, to accelerate the calculation. The method checks if values of the neighbouring cells in the cumulative distance matrix exceed the tolerance, and if so, it will terminate the calculation of the related cell. We demonstrate the idea of early abandon on dynamic time warping by theoretical analysis, and show the utilities of early abandon dynamic time warping by thorough empirical experiments performed both on synthetic datasets and real datasets. The results show, early abandon dynamic time warping outperforms the dynamic time warping calculation in the light of processing time, and is much better when the tolerance is below the real dynamic time warping distance.
Bridge to Life — Cardiac Mechanical Support (2007)

Even with well-managed care, many patients with severe heart failure reach a stage at which medical therapy is insufficient to sustain an acceptable level of cardiac function. It is estimated that 0.2% of persons over 45 years of age in the United States, or nearly 200,000 people, may fit this description.1 Since only approximately 2000 donor hearts are available in the United States each year for transplantation, the need for another approach to cardiac replacement is well established.Investigators and the medical-device industry have been pursuing the development of mechanical cardiac support for more than four decades. The earliest forms . . .
Using machine learning for content-based image retrieving (1996)

While there are simple and fast techniques for querying conventional databases and collections of texts, content-based retrieval of images still remains a problem to be solved. To eliminate the need for a trained user and refining queries, needed by some recent systems, we propose the use of machine learning to induct decision trees as a substitute for conventional queries.
Delay modeling in logic simulation (1980)

As digital integrated circuit size and complexity increases, the need for accurate and efficient computer simulation increases. Logic simulators such as SALOGS (SAndia LOGic Simulator), which utilize transition states in addition to the normal stable states, provide more accurate analysis than is possible with traditional logic simulators. Furthermore, the computational complexity of this analysis is far lower than that of circuit simulation such as SPICE. An eight-value logic simulation environment allows the use of accurate delay models that incorporate both element response and transition times. Thus, timing simulation with an accuracy approaching that of circuit simulation can be accomplished with an efficiency comparable to that of logic simulation. 4 figures.
Vein Contrast Enhancement for Medical Treatments (2005)

Invisible veins can be visualized by acquiring a vein image with near infrared light, and then projecting it back onto the skin with green light. The clinical use of the prototype VeinViewer will be discussed.
Basics of qualitative research : techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (2008)

Introduction -- Practical considerations -- Prelude to analysis -- Strategies for qualitative data analysis -- Introduction to context, process and theoretical integration -- Memos and diagrams -- Theoretical sampling -- Analyzing data for concepts -- Elaborating the analysis -- Analyzing data for context -- Bringing process into the analysis -- Integrating around a concept -- Writing theses, monographs, and giving talks -- Criterion for evaluation -- Student questions and answers to these.
Air Traffic Concept Utilizing 4D Trajectories and Airborne Separation Assistance (2003)

Funding for this work was provided by the Advanced Air Transportation Technologies (AATT) project office of NASA's Airspace Systems Program. This paper presents a concept – with the potential for increasing airspace system-wide efficiency and safety – which combines strategic, 4-D userpreferred trajectories with tactical, Airborne Separation Assistance Systems (ASAS). First, prior research and concepts for improving air traffic management are reviewed. Second, the concept for integrating trajectory-orientation and airborne separation assistance is described. Using an example traffic scenario, we then examine how the conflicts might be resolved using A) current day tactical operations, B) current day tactical operations with airborne separation assistance added, and C) a pure trajectory-oriented approach.