gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel cellular marker of insulin resistance and early atherosclerosis in humans is related to impaired fat cell differentiation and low adiponectin (2003)

The epidemic increase in type 2 diabetes can be prevented only if markers of risk can be identified and used for early intervention. We examined the clinical phenotype of individuals characterized by normal or low IRS-1 protein expression in fat cells as well as the potential molecular mechanisms related to the adipose tissue. Twenty-five non-obese individuals with low or normal IRS-1 expression in subcutaneous abdominal fat cells were extensively characterized and the results compared with 71 carefully matched subjects with or without a known genetic predisposition for type 2 diabetes. In contrast to the commonly used risk marker, known heredity for diabetes, low cellular IRS-1 identified individuals who were markedly insulin resistant, had high proinsulin and insulin levels, and exhibited evidence of early atherosclerosis measured as increased intima media thickness in the carotid artery bulb. Circulating levels of adiponectin were also significantly reduced. Gene analyses of fat cells in a parallel study showed attenuated expression of several genes related to fat cell differentiation (adiponectin, aP2, PPARgamma, and lipoprotein lipase) in the group of individuals characterized by a low IRS-1 expression and insulin resistance. A low IRS-1 expression in fat cells is a marker of insulin resistance and risk for type 2 diabetes and is associated with evidence of early vascular complications. Impaired adipocyte differentiation, including low gene expression and circulating levels of adiponectin, can provide a link between the cellular marker and the in vivo phenotype.
Preliminary studies on the staining method of catalase isozymes using KMnO_(4) (2002)

First the electrophoresed gel is soaked in the H 2O 2 solution for a while. At the sites in the gel, where the catalase isozymes exist, the reaction of H 2O 2 with KMnO 4 will not occur for the H 2O 2 there has been changed into H 2O and O 2 enzymatically by the isozymes. But at the sites in the gel, where the catalase isozymes do not exist, the H 2O 2 will react with KMnO 4 under the neutral conditions resulting in the brown MnO 2 precipitates. Therefore the achromatic bands of the catalase isozymes can be observed on the brown background in the gel.
Use of 2n Gametes in Plant Breeding (2012)

Genome doubling (polyploidization) has played a major role in the evolution and diversification of the plant kingdom and is regarded as an important mechanism of speciation and adaptation in plants The term ploidy refers to the number of basic chromosome sets (represented by 'x') present in a somatic plant cell (2n) or gamete (n). Scaling whole sets of chromosomes up or down is a powerful and commonly applied strategy to produce altered genotypes for breeding purposes.
Transport of 9-(2-phosphonomethoxyethyl)adenine across plasma membrane of HeLa S3 cells is protein mediated (1995)

9-(2-Phosphonomethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA) is an acyclic adenine nucleotide analog which exhibits potent and selective antiviral activity against herpesviruses and retroviruses. The study of [14C]PMEA uptake in HeLa S3 cells has shown that intracellular levels of the drug plateau after 1 h. Transport across the plasma membrane is saturable (concentration at half-maximal saturation [Kt], 0.39 microM; maximum rate of uptake [Vmax], 1.72 pmol/min.10(6) cells), and it can operate against the concentration gradient. Its significant dependence on temperature and on cellular density has been demonstrated. Following the treatment of cells with proteases, PMEA uptake strongly decreases. The transport process is considerably specific, since only a few phosphonate analogs act effectively as competitive inhibitors. Of these, 9-(2-phosphonomethoxyethyl)-2,6-diaminopurine (Ki = 0.24 microM) is the most efficient. Also, natural nucleotides competitively inhibit PMEA transport, depending on the nature of the nucleobase (thymine = adenine > guanine > cytosine < uracil) and on the position and number of phosphate groups. Nucleosides and nucleobases do not interfere with PMEA uptake. Cellular transport of adenosine and thymidine or uptake of AMP and ATP via conjugated activity of ectonucleotidases and nucleoside transporters is not affected by PMEA. By using vectorial labeling of plasma membrane proteins with Na125I combined with affinity chromatography, a 50-kDa protein which may mediate cellular transport of PMEA has been identified.
Interference Management in 5G and Beyond Network: Requirements, Challenges and Future Directions (2021)

In the modern technological world, wireless communication has taken a massive leap from the conventional communication system to a new radio communication network. The novel concept of Fifth Generation (5G) cellular networks brings a combination of a diversified set of devices and machines with great improvement in a unique way compared to previous technologies. To broaden the user’s experience, 5G technology provides the opportunity to meet the people’s potential necessities for efficient communication. Specifically, researchers have designed a network of small cells with unfamiliar technologies that have never been introduced before. The new network design is an amalgamation of various schemes such as Heterogeneous Network (HetNet), Device-to-Device (D2D) communication, Internet of Things (IoT), Relay Node (RN), Beamforming, Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (M-MIMO), millimeter-wave (mm-wave), and so on. Also, enhancement in predecessor’s techniques is required so that new radio is compatible with a traditional network. However, the disparate technological models’ design and concurrent practice have created an unacceptable intervention in each other’s signals. These vulnerable interferences have significantly degraded the overall network performance. This review article scrutinizes the issues of interferences observed and studied in different structures and techniques of the 5G and beyond network. The study focuses on the various interference effect in HetNet, RN, D2D, and IoT. Furthermore, as an in-depth literature review, we discuss various types of interferences related to each method by studying the state-of-the-art relevant research in the literature. To provide new insight into interference issue management for the next-generation network, we address and explore various relevant topics in each section that help make the system more robust. Overall, this review article’s goal is to guide all the stakeholders, including students, operators, engineers, and researchers, aiming to explore this promising research theme, comprehend interferences and their types, and related techniques to mitigate them. We also state methodologies proposed by the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3^{\mathrm {rd}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and present the promising and feasible research directions toward this challenging topic for the realization of 5G and beyond network.
Cyclosporine A-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mutants demonstrate that Gag encodes the functional target of cyclophilin A (1996)

The cellular peptidyl-prolyl isomerase cyclophilin A is incorporated into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virions via contacts with the proline-rich domain of the Gag polyprotein. Cyclosporine A and nonimmunosuppressive analogs bind with high affinity to cyclophilin A, compete with Gag for binding to cyclophilin A, and prevent incorporation of cyclophilin A into virions; in parallel with the disruption of cyclophilin A incorporation into virions, there is a linear reduction in the initiation of reverse transcription after infection of a T cell. Passage of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the presence of the drug selects one of two mutations, either of which alters the proline-rich domain of Gag and is sufficient to confer drug resistance on the cloned wild-type provirus. Neither mutation alters Gag's cyclophilin A-binding properties in vitro, and cyclophilin A incorporation into drug-resistant virions is effectively disrupted by cyclosporine A, indicating that the drug-resistant mutants do not require virion-associated cyclophilin A to initiate infection. That Gag's functional dependence on cyclophilin A can be differentiated genetically from its ability to bind cyclophilin A is further demonstrated by the rescue of a mutation precluding cyclophilin A packaging by a mutation conferring cyclosporine A resistance. These experiments demonstrate that, in addition to its ability to package cyclophilin A into virions, gag encodes the functional target of cyclophilin A.
TCR-dependent and -independent signaling mechanisms differentially regulate lymphokine gene expression in the murine T helper clone D10.G4.1. (1994)

The signaling mechanisms that regulate lymphokine gene expression in the murine Th2 clone D10.G4.1 were investigated by comparing the steady state mRNA levels of six lymphokine genes in response to cellular treatment with various activators and inhibitors of several key signaling pathways. A surprising degree of differential regulation was found. All of the genes studied (IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF) were induced by the lectin Con A and the TCR idiotype-specific mAb 3D3. However, the induction of the IL-3, IL-4, and GM-CSF genes, but not the IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10 genes, was strongly inhibited by cyclosporin A. Furthermore, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10 genes were independently induced by IL-1 alpha, the phorbol ester PMA, and by forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase. Results of studies performed with use of the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 indicated that elevation of intracellular Ca2+ levels is sufficient to fully induce IL-3 and IL-4 gene expression. Protein kinase C activation was also required for full induction of the GM-CSF gene and seemed to be obligatory for maximal IL-5 gene expression. The patterns of mRNA induction by the different stimuli broadly correlated with increased rates of transcription. In addition to their induction by IL-1 alpha, the IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10 genes were also induced by mAbs to CD2 and to CD45. In contrast, adding CD45 mAb strongly inhibited the induction of IL-3, IL-4, and GM-CSF genes through TCR stimulation. These results indicate that distinct groups of lymphokine genes may be differentially regulated by signaling pathways that are activated by stimulation of the TCR and other cell surface molecules.
Integration of Hepatitis B Virus DNA into the Genome of Liver Cells in Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (1981)

We used recombinant-DNA technology and gel electrophoresis to find hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV-DNA) in liver and tumor tissue from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic liver disease, and to study the integration of HBV-DNA into the genome of these tissues' cells. In 12 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who had hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in their serum, integrated HBV-DNA was identified in the tumors; it was also found in tumors from three of eight patients who were seronegative for HBsAg but positive for antibody to HBsAg. In some cases, integrated HBV-DNA was also present in nontumorous liver tissue that had the same hybridization pattern or one different from that of the tumor. In five carriers of HBsAg who had evidence of the carrier state and chronic liver disease for less than two years, HBV-DNA was present but not integrated in liver tissue. In the two patients who had carried HBsAg for more than eight years, HBV-DNA was integrated into the host genome. These data suggest that integration of HBV-DNA into hepatocytes occurs during the course of persistent HBV infection and precedes development of gross neoplasm.
An Efficient Numerical Method for the Quintic Complex Swift-Hohenberg Equation (2011)

In this paper, we present an efficient time-splitting Fourier spectral method for the quintic complex Swift-Hohenberg equation. Using the Strang time-splitting tech- nique, we split the equation into linear part and nonlinear part. The linear part is solved with Fourier Pseudospectral method; the nonlinear part is solved analytically. We show that the method is easy to be applied and second-order in time and spectrally accurate in space. We apply the method to investigate soliton propagation, soliton interaction, and generation of stable moving pulses in one dimension and stable vortex solitons in two dimensions. AMS subject classifications: 65M70, 65Z05
Facile Preparation of Multifunctional Upconversion Nanoprobes for Multimodal Imaging and Dual‐Targeted Photothermal Therapy (2011)

Alleskönner: Multifunktionelle Nanopartikel (MFNP) aus einem aufkonvertierenden Nanopartikel (grün, für Upconversion-Lumineszenz), einer Schicht von Eisenoxid-Nanopartikeln (schwarz, für Magnetresonanz) und einer Goldhülle (rot, für Lichtstreuung) eignen sich für die multimodale Bildgebung von Zellen in vitro. Die Lichtabsorption der MFNPs im Nahinfrarot-Bereich ermöglicht überdies die photothermische Zerstörung von Krebszellen. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Generative Semantic Manipulation with Contrasting GAN (2017)

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have recently achieved significant improvement on paired/unpaired image-to-image translation, such as photo$\rightarrow$ sketch and artist painting style transfer. However, existing models can only be capable of transferring the low-level information (e.g. color or texture changes), but fail to edit high-level semantic meanings (e.g., geometric structure or content) of objects. On the other hand, while some researches can synthesize compelling real-world images given a class label or caption, they cannot condition on arbitrary shapes or structures, which largely limits their application scenarios and interpretive capability of model results. In this work, we focus on a more challenging semantic manipulation task, which aims to modify the semantic meaning of an object while preserving its own characteristics (e.g. viewpoints and shapes), such as cow$\rightarrow$sheep, motor$\rightarrow$ bicycle, cat$\rightarrow$dog. To tackle such large semantic changes, we introduce a contrasting GAN (contrast-GAN) with a novel adversarial contrasting objective. Instead of directly making the synthesized samples close to target data as previous GANs did, our adversarial contrasting objective optimizes over the distance comparisons between samples, that is, enforcing the manipulated data be semantically closer to the real data with target category than the input data. Equipped with the new contrasting objective, a novel mask-conditional contrast-GAN architecture is proposed to enable disentangle image background with object semantic changes. Experiments on several semantic manipulation tasks on ImageNet and MSCOCO dataset show considerable performance gain by our contrast-GAN over other conditional GANs. Quantitative results further demonstrate the superiority of our model on generating manipulated results with high visual fidelity and reasonable object semantics.
Isolation and characterization of an olfactory mutant in Drosophila with a chemically specific defect. (1989)

A Drosophila mutant was isolated and shown to exhibit defective response to the chemical odorant benzaldehyde in two distinctly different behavioral assays. The defect exhibited chemical specificity: response to three other chemicals was normal. The mutant also showed abnormalities in pigmentation and fertility. Genetic mapping and complementation analysis provide evidence that the olfactory, pigmentation, and fertility defects arise as a result of a lesion at the pentagon locus. The specificity of the olfactory defect suggests the possibility that the mutation may define a molecule required in reception, transduction, or processing of a specific subset of chemical information in the olfactory system.
Binding Energy of Tea Catechin/Caffeine Complexes in Water Evaluated by Titration Experiments with<sup>1</sup>H-NMR (2004)

Evaluating the binding energy of a catechin/caffeine complex in water is important in order to elucidate the ability for molecular recognition of tea catechins. The results of this study revealed that the stoichiometric ratio of the complexation between tea chatechins (EGCg, ECg, EGC, and EC) and caffeine was 1:1 at least up to a concentration of 5.0 mM. The free energy (-DeltaG) values for binding in water at 301 K were evaluated to be 2.7, 2.6, 2.2, and 2.0 kcal/mol for EGCg, ECg, EGC, and EC, respectively, by the titration method with (1)H-NMR. An investigation of the (1)H-NMR chemical shift change and NOESY spectra in the catechin/caffeine solutions showed the participation of the A-rings of the catechins in complexation, as well as that of the galloyl groups or B-rings.
Age and medication are significant risk factors for xerostomia in an English population, attending general dental practice (2001)

The prevalence of xerostomia (12.7%) in an English population was lower than reported in previous North American and Swedish studies. Medication was a significant risk factor for xerostomia and a better predictor of risk status, than either age or gender.
Self‐Supported Tin Sulfide Porous Films for Flexible Aluminum‐Ion Batteries (2018)

Abstract High‐performance flexible batteries are promising energy storage devices for portable and wearable electronics. Currently, the major obstacle to develop flexible batteries is the shortage of flexible electrodes with excellent electrochemical performance. Another challenge is the limited progress in the flexible batteries beyond Li‐ion because of a safety concern for the Li‐based electrochemical system. In this work, a self‐supported tin sulfide (SnS) porous film (PF) is fabricated as a flexible cathode material in an Al‐ion battery, which delivers a high specific capacity of 406 mAh g −1 . A capacity decay rate of 0.03% per cycle is achieved, indicating a good stability. The self‐supported and flexible SnS film also shows an outstanding electrochemical performance and stability during dynamic and static bending tests. In situ transmission electron microscopy demonstrates that the porous structure of SnS is beneficial for minimizing the volume expansion during charge/discharge. This leads to an improved structural stability and superior long‐term cyclability.
In brief (2001)

An Independent Woman: The Life of Lou Henry Hoover, by Anne Besier Allen. Westport, CT: Greenwood P, 2000. Recovering the Black Female Body: Self‐Representations by African American Women, edited by Michael Bennett and Vanessa D. Dickerson. New Brunswick: Rutgers UP, 2001. Feminisms and Women's Movements in Contemporary Europe, edited by Anna Bull, Hanna Diamond, and Rosalind March. New York: St. Martin's P, 2000. Female Communities, 1600–1800: Literary Visions and Cultural Realities, edited by Rebecca D'Monte and Nicole Pohl. New York: St. Martin's P, 2000. Gender and Material Culture in Historical Perspective, edited by Moira Donald and Linda Hurcombe. London: Macmillan, and New York: St. Martin's P, 2000. Asian American Studies: Identity, Images, Issues Past and Present, edited by Esther Mikyung Ghymn. New York: Peter Lang Publishing, 2000. Out of the Past: Adventures in Film Noir, by Barry Gifford. Jackson, MI: UP of Mississippi, 2001. My Dangerous Desires: A Queer Girl Dreaming Her Way Home, by Amber L. Hollibaugh. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 2000. Body Matters: Feminism, Textuality, Corporeality, edited by Avril Horner and Angela Keane. Manchester and New York: Manchester UP, 2000. The Recess, by Sophia Lee. Lexington, Kentucky: The UP of Kentucky, 2000. Women Performing Music: The Emergence of American Women as Instrumentalists and Conductors, by Beth Abelson Macleod. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 2000. Unveiling Traditions: Postcolonial Islam in a Polycentric World, by Anouar Majid. Durham: Duke UP, 2000. The Loony‐Bin Trip, by Kate Millett. Urbana and Chicago: U of Illinois P, 2000. Thousand of Roads: A Memoir of a Young Woman's Life in the Ukranian Undergroud During and After World War II, by Maria Savchyn Pyskir, translated by Ania Savage. Jefferson, NC, and London: McFarland & Company, 2001. A Woman's Way: The Forgotten History of Women Spiritual Directors, by Patricia Ranft. New York: Palgrave, 2000. Records of Girlhood: An Anthology of Nineteenth‐Century Women's Childhoods, edited by Valerie Sanders. England and United States: Ashgate Publishing Company, 2000. Battered Women and Feminist Lawmaking, by Elizabeth Schneider. New Haven: Yale UP, 2000. Food, Consumption, and the Body in Contemporary Women's Fiction, by Sarah Sceats. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2000. Chaucer's Pardoner and Gender Theory: Bodies of Discourse, by Robert S. Sturges. New York: St. Martin's P, 2000. Consuming Anxieties: Consumer Protest, Gender, and British Slavery, 1713–1833, by Charlotte Sussman. Stanford, California: Stanford UP, 2000.
Intramolecular C–H insertion catalyzed by dirhodium(II) complexes using CO<sub>2</sub>as the reaction media (2011)

Abstract In this work, the intramolecular C–H insertion of diazoacetamides catalyzed by dirhodium(II) complexes and using CO2 as solvent is disclosed. The expected lactams were obtained in yields over 97%. The asymmetric intramolecular C–H insertion was also achieved and the β-lactam 14 was obtained in >97% yield and 65% ee using the chiral dirhodium(II) catalyst Rh2(S-PTTL)4. Finally, the dirhodium(II) complex Rh2(OAc)4 was used in two consecutive cycles in which complete conversion to the lactam was observed.
Connecting digital cancer model repositories with markup (2013)

The cancer research community requires a standardized way of describing mathematical and computational models to enable interoperation between systems, repositories, and between the models themselves. In this paper we describe a new markup language, TumorML, for describing computational models that fall within the domain of cancer. TumorML is an XML-based markup language that wraps existing cancer model implementations with metadata for model curation, parametric interface description, implementation description, and compound model linking. In this paper we first introduce the rationale for a new markup language for computational cancer model description based on our experiences and requirements from the European Commission's 'Transatlantic Tumor Model Repositories' project. The aim of the project is to develop a European-based digital cancer model repository to link and interoperate with a similar established repository based in the United States. TumorML was developed to enable this interoperation between repositories. We introduce the language and describe the main features of the specification and go on to describe a real application of TumorML where a molecular pathway model has been packaged using the new markup language.
Describing the value of specialized distance education in pediatric oncology nursing (2001)

Working as specialists in a changing environment, advanced practice nurses in pediatric oncology (APN-POs) benefit from specific pediatric oncology education. The graduates of a pediatric nurse practitioner program in pediatric oncology completed a survey about their educational experience and its impact on their current practice. This practitioner program included a subspecialty education in pediatric oncology and an early form of distance learning. The respondents' answers parallel a number of emerging themes in APN-PO practice and education. Employing distance learning methods in providing subspecialty education holds important implications for future APN-PO education and practice and for the health care of communities throughout the country.