gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of properties of polyelectrolytes on their interaction with particulates and soluble organics (1997)

In many situations, the purpose of water and effluent treatment by flocculation-sedimentation or flocculation-filtration is to remove the suspended particulates and not necessarily the “dissolved” macromolecular organics. Flocculation of above mentioned systems by “traditional” (low molecular mass, high charged) cationic polymers as primary flocculants is limited because of high flocculants requirement, caused by polymers chemical binding with anionic organic substances in liquid phase. Effects of matrix, molecular mass and ionic value of polymers on their interaction with SS and DOM were investigated in this research. Significant differences were discovered in interaction of the low molecular mass polymers and high molecular mass polymers with particulates in the presence of soluble organics.
Perceptually‐motivated Stereoscopic Film Grain (2014)

Abstract Independent management of film grain in each view of a stereoscopic video can lead to visual discomfort. The existing alternative is to project the grain onto the scene geometry. Such grain, however, looks unnatural, changes object perception, and emphasizes inaccuracies in depth arising during 2D‐to‐3D conversion. We propose an advanced method of grain positioning that scatters the grain in the scene space. In a series of perceptual experiments, we estimate the optimal parameter values for the proposed method, analyze the user preference distribution among the proposed and the two existing methods, and show influence of the method on the object perception.
Closure of patent foramen ovale: technique, pitfalls, complications, and follow up (2005)

The first atrial septal defects (ASDs) were closed percutaneously in 1974 and reports about their closure published in 1976.1 In the 1980s the Rashkind occluder was introduced and revived the interest in the topic,2 focusing for the first time on the patent foramen ovale (PFO).3 This device is still available in two modified versions. Its initial name, Rashkind Clamshell occluder, has been changed, first into CardioSEAL and more recently into STARFlex (Nitinol Medical Technologies, Boston, Massachusetts, USA). Two other devices are the Sideris Buttoned Device (Custom Medical Devices, Amarillo, Texas, USA) and the Angel Wings device (Microvena Corp, Whitebear Lake, Minnesota, USA), more recently called the Guardian Angel device. The ASDOS device and the Monodisk device are no longer on the market. All these devices had one major problem in common pertaining to the closure of ASDs. They were not self-centering. Although some efforts were made to remedy this with intricate nitinol wire constructions or interlinking filaments, the only self-centering device was introduced in the 1990s—the Amplatzer ASD occluder.4 Figure 1 shows a selection of these devices.



 Figure 1 
 Various devices used for percutaneous catheter based patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure.



The PFO was initially considered by interventional cardiologists simply as one of the manifestations of an ASD to be left to their paediatric colleagues. However, about 10 years ago, it was realised that the PFO not only represented the most common form of an ASD but that it also exhibited its problems exclusively in adults and represented the easiest target for closure. A derivative of the Clamshell occluder was dedicated to PFO closure and named PFO STAR (Cardia, Burnsville, Minnesota, USA); the Amplatzer occluder was modified for the PFO indication and first implanted on 10 September 1997 by the author in the presence of Kurt Amplatz, the …
Molecular heterogeneity of human chorionic gonadotropin and its subunits in testicular cancer (1983)

The secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin and its subunits was examined by a heterologous hCG/hCG-beta radioimmunoassay and homologous radioimmunoassays of the alpha- and beta-subunit in patients with nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumors. Of 53 patients, 32 (60%) had elevated levels of hCG (9 IU/l-4.5 million IU/l), 12 (23%) elevated serum concentrations of hCG-beta (20-286 micrograms/l) and 8 (15%) of hCG-alpha (14-498 micrograms/l). A selective elevation of hCG-subunits without the hormone was never observed. Serum concentrations of hCG-beta were to low to interfere in the heterologous radioimmunoassay using 125I-hCG and anti-hCG-beta antiserum. Gelfiltration of patient's sera (n = 5) on Ultrogel AcA 44 column confirmed the secretion of free subunits and additionally a high molecular form of hCG-beta (70,000) in three of five serum specimens. Furthermore, the molecular heterogeneity of hCG and hCG-subunits was examined by affinity chromatography on Concanavalin A (Con A)-sepharose. There was a significant difference of Con A nonreactive hCG and hCG-alpha between patients with testicular cancer (hCG:2-82%; mean, 22%; n = 7; hCG-alpha: 11-61%; mean, 31%; n = 7) and pregnant women (hCG: 0%; n = 3; hCG-alpha: 0-13%; mean, 6%; n = 5). Con A nonreactive and reactive hCG of patients with cancer revealed similar binding in a radioreceptor gonadotropin assay. The Con A nonreactive fraction of the beta-subunit was determined to be 20-73% (mean, 50%; n = 6) in serum samples of patients with testicular cancer and did not differ from the percentage in pregnant women (29-67%; mean, 46%; n = 4). The lectin binding heterogeneity of hCG and hCG-alpha indicate structural variations in the carbohydrate chains. It is assumed that Con A nonreactive hCG and hCG-alpha are directly liberated by nonsecretory mechanism from tumor cells into the circulation. Determination of hCG released by cell damage may have clinical significance in patients with testicular cancer under chemotherapy.
The Dextrans (1965)

Journal Article The Dextrans Get access Mickey C. Smith, Ph.D. Mickey C. Smith, Ph.D. formerly Instructor in Pharmacy, Technical Services Coordinator University of Mississippi School of Pharmacy, Pharmacia Laboratories, Inc., New Market, New Jersey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, Volume 22, Issue 5, 1 May 1965, Pages 273–275, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/22.5.273 Published: 01 May 1965
Disocclusion by Joint Interpolation of Vector Fields and Gray Levels (2003)

In this paper we study a variational approach for filling in regions of missing data in two-dimensional and three-dimensional digital images. Applications of this technique include the restoration of old photographs and removal of superimposed text like dates, subtitles, or publicity, or the zooming of images. The approach presented here, initially introduced in [IEEE Trans. Image Process., 10 (2001), pp. 1200--1211] is based on a joint interpolation of the image gray levels and gradient/isophotes directions, smoothly extending the isophote lines into the holes of missing data. The process underlying this approach can be considered as an interpretation of the Gestaltist's principle of good continuation. We study the existence of minimizers of our functional and its approximation by minima of smoother functionals. Then we present the numerical algorithm used to minimize it and display some numerical experiments.
Passive isolation/damping system for the Hubble space telescope reaction wheels (1987)

NASA's Hubble Space Telescope contain large, diffraction limited optics with extraordinary resolution and performance for surpassing existing observatories. The need to reduce structural borne vibration and resultant optical jitter from critical Pointing Control System components, Reaction Wheels, prompted the feasibility investigation and eventual development of a passive isolation system. Alternative design concepts considered were required to meet a host of stringent specifications and pass rigid tests to be successfully verified and integrated into the already built flight vehicle. The final design employs multiple arrays of fluid damped springs that attenuate over a wide spectrum, while confining newly introduced resonances to benign regions of vehicle dynamic response. Overall jitter improvement of roughly a factor of 2 to 3 is attained with this system. The basis, evolution, and performance of the isolation system, specifically discussing design concepts considered, optimization studies, development lessons learned, innovative features, and analytical and ground test verified results are presented.
A congestion control framework for ATM networks (1989)

A congestion control framework for ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) networks is proposed. Specifically, it is suggested that the network provide two different services: express service and first-class service. Express service is appropriate for real-time applications (e.g., voice and video) whereas first-class service is appropriate for non-real-time applications (e.g., data). To provide such services, the proposed congestion control scheme prevents congestion inside the network by controlling the congestion at two levels: virtual circuit (VC) level and packet level. Express VC traffic is not subject to any flow control. At each intermediate node, transit packets are simply relayed with no traffic control. Various issues related to this scheme are discussed and its performance analyzed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Extraction of equivalent circuit models of package power supply distribution systems from full wave EM field simulations (2002)

The extraction of circuit models for package power supply distribution systems from the results of full wave EM simulations is addressed. Both time and frequency domain optimizations are used for the extraction. The frequency domain optimization was found to be more reliable. An example is shown for illustration.
Immunopathology of secondary‐progressive multiple sclerosis (2001)

Twenty-three plaques obtained at early autopsy from 2 patients with secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis were examined immunohistochemically for microglia/macrophages, and for immunoglobulins and components of activated complement. Most of the lesions examined in both cases exhibited evidence of low-grade active demyelination of an unusual type (frustrated phagocytosis) in periplaque white matter. This included linear groups of microglia engaging short segments of disrupted myelin that were associated with deposits of C3d, an opsonin formed during complement activation. Similar microglia/C3d/myelin profiles were not observed in newly forming lesions in cases of acute multiple sclerosis or other central white matter diseases. As C3d coupling is known to increase the immunogenicity of potential antigens enormously, present findings point to disrupted myelin close to plaques as a possible source of the putative multiple sclerosis antigen. Ongoing myelin destruction found in a high proportion of old, established plaques was surprising. It suggests that slowly expanding lesions (progressive plaques), in which ongoing myelin breakdown occurs in the absence of florid perivascular cell cuffing or other histological signs of acute inflammation, contribute to disease progression in cases of secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis.
Detection of Dysplasia and Carcinoma <i>In Situ</i> by Ratio Fluorometry (1992)

Fluorescence bronchoscopy was performed in 82 volunteers recruited from occupational groups at risk of exposure to asbestos and/or diesel fumes to determine whether differences in tissue autofluorescence between normal and malignant bronchial tissues can be used to improve the sensitivity of standard fiberoptic bronchoscopy in detecting dysplasic and carcinoma in situ (CIS). This study consisted of 25 nonsmokers, 40 exsmokers, and 17 current smokers with mean ages of 52, 55, and 49 yr, respectively. Tissue autofluorescence was induced by a blue light from an He-Cd laser coupled to the illumination channel of the bronchoscope and analyzed by a ratiofluorometer. One or more sites of moderate or severe dysplasia were found in 12% of the exsmokers and current smokers but in none of the nonsmoker volunteers. CIS was found in two of the exsmokers. The sensitivity of fluorescence bronchoscopy (86%) was found to be 50% better than that of conventional white-light bronchoscopy (52%) in detecting dysplasia and CIS. Pre- and post-bronchoscopy sputum cytology failed to detect these precancerous lesions. Our results suggest that fluorescence bronchoscopy may be an important new method that can improve the ability to detect and localize precancerous and/or CIS lesions.
Prediction-based dynamic load-sharing heuristics (1993)

Presents dynamic load-sharing heuristics that use predicted resource requirements of processes to manage workloads in a distributed system. A previously developed statistical pattern-recognition method is employed for resource prediction. While nonprediction-based heuristics depend on a rapidly changing system status, the new heuristics depend on slowly changing program resource usage patterns. Furthermore, prediction-based heuristics can be more effective since they use future requirements rather than just the current system state. Four prediction-based heuristics, two centralized and two distributed, are presented. Using trace driven simulations, they are compared against random scheduling and two effective nonprediction based heuristics. Results show that the prediction-based centralized heuristics achieve up to 30% better response times than the nonprediction centralized heuristic, and that the prediction-based distributed heuristics achieve up to 50% improvements relative to their nonpredictive counterpart.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
情报:走向成功之路——美国最大的行业 (1985)

文明仍然是一个婴儿,仍有那么多东西有待学习,那是从来无人能加以阻止的。社会日益公认这一点,而这正是情报已成为美国最大行业的诸多原因之一。在我们加紧跟上发展步伐的同时,我们自身所持的积极态度将使我们易于接受我们所需的情报,而个人的成功与满足亦将随之而来。在成为美国最大行业的发展道路上,从对待被雇佣者的新方式到为每个人提供新的机会,情报已开放了一系列令人难以置信的选择自由。按照《大趋势》作者J.奈斯比特的说法,早在30年前出现的两个里程碑,象征着情报行业的优势地位。第一次出现在1956年,当时白领工人在数量上首次超过蓝领工人。
Automatic multi-image photo texturing of complex 3D scenes (2005)

The paper presents an approach for projective texture mapping from photographs onto triangulated surfaces from 3D laser scanning. By these means, the effort to generate photo-realistic models of complex shaped objects can be reduced considerably. The images are collected from multiple viewpoints, which do not necessarily correspond to the viewpoints of LIDAR data collection. In order to handle the resulting problem of occlusions, the visibility of the model areas in the respective images has to be established. For this purpose, the algorithm works in both image and object space and efficiently detects ambient, back-face and view frustum occlusions. Occluding polygons are labelled and separated with their connectivity to texture them recursively using the optimal of the available images until the final textured model is produced. After this visibility processing, colour values will be correctly assigned from the photograph to the visible polygons. In order to gain a high quality texture, lens distortion and colour corrections are applied during processing. The approach is demonstrated by generating high realistic 3D textured models for the Alkasneh monument in Petra city and a Romanian Theatre in the ancient city of Jerash. 1.
Using fingerprint image quality to improve the identification performance of the U.S. Visitor and Immigrant Status Indicator Technology Program (2005)

Motivated by the difficulty of biometric systems to correctly match fingerprints with poor image quality, we formulate and solve a game-theoretic formulation of the identification problem in two settings: U.S. visa applicants are checked against a list of visa holders to detect visa fraud, and visitors entering the U.S. are checked against a watchlist of criminals and suspected terrorists. For three types of biometric strategies, we solve the game in which the U.S. Government chooses the strategy's optimal parameter values to maximize the detection probability subject to a constraint on the mean biometric processing time per legal visitor, and then the terrorist chooses the image quality to minimize the detection probability. At current inspector staffing levels at ports of entry, our model predicts that a quality-dependent two-finger strategy achieves a detection probability of 0.733, compared to 0.526 under the quality-independent two-finger strategy that is currently implemented at the U.S. border. Increasing the staffing level of inspectors offers only minor increases in the detection probability for these two strategies. Using more than two fingers to match visitors with poor image quality allows a detection probability of 0.949 under current staffing levels, but may require major changes to the current U.S. biometric program. The detection probabilities during visa application are approximately 11-22% smaller than at ports of entry for all three strategies, but the same qualitative conclusions hold.
Conformal profile theory for performance scaling of ultrabroadband optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (2011)

We developed a theory of optimization of amplifier bandwidth and conversion efficiency in ultrabroadband optical parametric chirped pulse amplification based on the principle of making the optimal conversion length uniform in time through pulse shaping. Conformal profiles, ideal combinations of pump intensity, seed intensity, and wave-vector mismatch temporal profiles can be found analytically by use of the exact Jacobi elliptic function solutions for signal gain and pump depletion in optical parametric amplification. We derive and investigate these gain equations for the general purpose of aiding the design of optical parametric amplifiers. Using these analytics, through an extensive analysis of conformal profile methods, we find conformal profile pulse shaping can significantly boost amplifier bandwidth as well as conversion efficiency, allowing in some amplifiers a severalfold increase in obtainable peak power. Pump pulse shaping is found to be particularly effective and flexible.
Cytokine Flow Cytometry (2004)

Cytokine flow cytometry (CFC) is a general term that applies to flow cytometric analysis of cells using anticytokine antibodies as markers of activation. The most common version of this technique is the intracellular staining of cytokines in cells that have been fixed and permeabilized after short-term in vitro activation. When used with specific antigens, this technique allows for the quantitation of rare populations of antigen-specific T cells. In this chapter, specific methodology for such intracellular staining is elaborated, with emphasis on the effects of variables such as sample type, antigens, activation conditions, sample processing, and data acquisition and analysis.
Pigment cell growth (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook and Media Revie...Book and Media ReviewNEXTPigment cell growthJ. Walter Wilson Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1953, 30, 9, 483Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1953Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 September 1953Published inissue 1 September 1953https://doi.org/10.1021/ed030p483.2RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views124Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (920 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
cis, cis-und trans, trans-1-Methyl-4-hydroxy-3, 5-bis (athoxycarbonylmethyl) piperidin. (1959)

1-Methyl-3, 5-bis (athoxycarbonylmethyl)-piperidon- (4) (IV), welches durch Mannich-Reaktion hergestellt wird, liefert bei der katalytischen Reduktion die zwei stereoisomeren 4-Hydroxy-Verbindungen (Va und Vb). Es wird demnach gezeigt, dass die Struktur von (IV) als Meso-Form bezeichnet werden kann. Durch Tauschen des N-Methyl-Rests von (Va) bzw. (Vb) mit Benzoyl-Rest entsteht (VIIIa) bzw. (VIIIb). (VIIIa) kann mit 10-proz. HCl oder Ac2O zum γ-Lacton ubergefuhrt werden. Dagegen wird aus (VIIIb) mit 10-proz. HCl nur die Hydroxy-dicarbonsaure erhalten. Die Struktur von (Va) bzw. (Vb) kann somit der cis, cis-Form bzw. trans, trans-Form zugeordnet werden. Bei der NaBH4-Reduktion von (IV) entstenden nur die 4-Hydroxy-Verbindungen der trans, trans-Reihe. Ausserdem kann (Vb) mit SOCl2 leicht zur 4-Chlor-Verbindung verwandelt werden. Es ist damit anzunehmen, dass (Va) bzw. (Vb) die Konstellation von 3e : 4a : 5e (XXa) bzw. 3e : 4e : 5e (XXb) besitzt.
Casein Kinase 2 Determines the Voltage Dependence of the Kv3.1 Channel in Auditory Neurons and Transfected Cells (2001)

The Kv3.1 potassium channel can be distinguished from most other delayed rectifier channels by its very high threshold of activation and lack of use-dependent inactivation. This allows neurons that express this channel to fire at very high frequencies. We have now found that this feature of the Kv3.1 channel is strongly influenced by its constitutive phosphorylation by the enzyme casein kinase II. Using stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing Kv3.1, we show that Kv3.1 is highly phosphorylated under basal conditions. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings were used to characterize the electrophysiological consequence of dephosphorylation using alkaline phosphatase. This enzyme produced an increase in whole-cell conductance and shifted the voltage dependence of activation to more negative potentials by >20 mV. In addition, a similar shift in the voltage dependence of inactivation was observed. These findings were also confirmed in native Kv3.1 channels expressed in medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) neurons. Furthermore, inhibitors of casein kinase 2 mimicked the effect of phosphatase treatment on voltage-dependent activation and inactivation, whereas inhibitors of protein kinase C failed to alter these parameters. The combination of biochemical and electrophysiological evidence suggests that the biophysical characteristics of Kv3.1 that are important to its role in MNTB neurons, allowing them to follow high-frequency stimuli with fidelity, are largely determined by phosphorylation of the channel.
A simple and novel method to obtain an FSR free silicon ring resonator (2016)

A simple and novel method to make a silicon ring resonator without the limit of free spectral range (FSR) is presented. For many applications, a ring resonator is desired with an ultra-wide FSR, a high quality factor, a large extinction ratio and low-fabrication complexity. In this paper we propose a novel method to obtain such a ring resonator, which is a single all-silicon micro-ring with a FSR as large as 150 nm around 1550 nm. It's based on the well-known phenomenon of resonance splitting.
Conductive enhancement of copper/graphene composites based on high-quality graphene (2015)

In this paper, we report an electrical conductivity enhanced copper/graphene composite based on high-quality graphene (HQG) <italic>via</italic> processes involving graphene-coated copper powders through ball milling, and subsequent spark plasma sintering (SPS).