gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated Rate Control and Buffer Management for Scalable Video Streaming (2007)

In this paper we present a video communication scheme that integrates rate control and buffer management at the source. A transmission rate is obtained via a rate control algorithm, which employs the Program Clock References (PCR) embedded in the video streams to regulate the transmission rate in a refined way and thus reduce the client buffer requirement. The server side also maintains multiple buffers to trade off random loss for controlled loss of visually less important data. We test our system with Standard Definition Television (SDTV) and High Definition Television (HDTV) traces, and find that the proposed scheme serves best for the transmission by slowing down the transmission rate without higher buffer requirement in both cases.
A Study of Solar heat removal Impact with Air-Vent Wall (2004)

Breast cancer is the most common cancers among women and is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in this population. In this study, we aimed to conjugate doxorubicin (DOX), a drug widely used in cancer chemotherapy, and folic acid (FA), a ligand targeted for cancer therapy, to lipid-core nanocapsules (LNC), and evaluate the efficacy of the nanoformulation against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 cells that overexpress folate receptors (FRs). We performed cell viability assays, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), cell migration assay, and clonogenic assay, as well as measured the levels of nitric oxide (NO) generated and cellular uptake. The results showed that the nanoformulation reduced cell viability. The results of qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the nanoformulation induced apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells. The mRNA expression levels of Cat and MnSod were increased when the nanoformulation was compared to the doxorubicin solution. Furthermore, the nanoformulation significantly decreased the migration of breast cancer cells in vitro and inhibited colony formation. Additionally, the expression of iNOS in MDA-MB-231 cells was higher when the nanoformulation was used compared to the doxorubicin solution. Cellular uptake was observed after incubating the MDA-MB-231 cells with the fluorescent-labeled nanoformulation. In conclusion, we developed a promising nanoformulation for the treatment of TNBC. Further studies are necessary to demonstrate the in vivo efficacy of this formulation.
Obesity induced rapid melanoma progression is reversed by orlistat treatment and dietary intervention: Role of adipokines (2014)

Obesity, owing to adiposity, is associated with increased risk and development of various cancers, and linked to their rapid growth as well as progression. Although a few studies have attempted to understand the relationship between obesity and melanoma, the consequences of controlling body weight by reducing adiposity on cancer progression is not well understood. By employing animal models of obesity, we report that controlling obesity either by orlistat treatment or by restricting caloric intake significantly slows down melanoma progression. The diminished tumor progression was correlated with decreased fat mass (adiposity) in obese mice. Obesity associated factors contributing to tumor progression were decreased in the experimental groups compared to respective controls. In tumors, protein levels of fatty acid synthase (FASN), caveolin (Cav)-1 and pAkt, which are tumor promoting molecules implicated in melanoma growth under obese state, were decreased. In addition, increased necrosis and reduction in angiogenesis as well as proliferative markers PCNA and cyclin D1 were observed in tumors of the orlistat treated and/or calorically restricted obese mice. We observed that growth of melanoma cells cultured in conditioned medium (CM) from orlistat-treated adipocytes was reduced. Adipokines (leptin and resistin), via activating Akt and modulation of FASN as well as Cav-1 respectively, enhanced melanoma cell growth and proliferation. Together, we demonstrate that controlling body weight reduces adipose mass thereby diminishing melanoma progression. Therefore, strategic means of controlling obesity by reduced caloric diet or with antiobesity drugs treatment may render obesity-promoted tumor progression in check and prolong survival of patients.
Aberrant protein phosphorylation at tyrosine is responsible for the growth-inhibitory action of pp60v-src expressed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1994)

Expression of pp60v-src, the transforming protein of Rous sarcoma virus, arrests the growth of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To determine the basis of this growth arrest, yeast strains were constructed that expressed either wild-type v-src or various mutant v-src genes under the control of the galactose-inducible, glucose repressible GAL1 promoter. When shifted to galactose medium, cells expressing wild-type v-src ceased growth immediately and lost viability, whereas cells expressing a catalytically inactive mutant (K295M) continued to grow normally, indicating that the kinase activity of pp60v-src is required for its growth inhibitory effect. Mutants of v-src altered in the SH2/SH3 domain (XD4, XD6, SPX1, and SHX13) and a mutant lacking a functional N-terminal myristoylation signal (MM4) caused only a partial inhibition of growth, indicating that complete growth inhibition requires either targeting of the active kinase or binding of the kinase to phosphorylated substrates, or both. Cells arrested by v-src expression displayed aberrant microtubule structures, alterations in DNA content and elevated p34CDC28 kinase activity. Immunoblotting with antiphosphotyrosine antibody showed that many yeast proteins, including the p34CDC28 kinase, became phosphorylated at tyrosine in cells expressing v-src. Both the growth inhibition and the tyrosine-specific protein phosphorylation observed following v-src expression were reversed by co-expression of a mammalian phosphotyrosine-specific phosphoprotein phosphatase (PTP1B). However a v-src mutant with a small insertion in the catalytic domain (SRX5) had the same lethal effect as wild-type v-src, yet induced only very low levels of protein-tyrosine phosphorylation. These results indicate that inappropriate phosphorylation at tyrosine is the primary cause of the lethal effect of pp60v-src expression but suggest that only a limited subset of the phosphorylated proteins are involved in this effect.
Refraction and Dispersion of Synthetic Sapphire (1962)

The refractive indices of synthetic sapphire (Al2O3) were measured at selected wavelengths and the values of index range from 1.834 at 0.265 μ in the ultraviolet to 1.586 at 5.58 μ in the infrared. A three-term Sellmeier dispersion equation of the form n2-1=∑iAiλ2λ2-λt2was fitted to the experimental data. Dispersive quantities were computed which estimate the optical performance to be expected from sapphire.
Determination of Pesticide Residues in Foods by Acetonitrile Extraction and Partitioning with Magnesium Sulfate: Collaborative Study (2007)

A collaborative study was conducted to determine multiple pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables using a quick, simple, inexpensive, and effective sample preparation method followed by concurrent analysis with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/ tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). For short, the method is known as QuEChERS, which stands for quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe. Twenty representative pesticides were fortified in 3 matrixes (grapes, lettuces, and oranges) at 3 duplicate levels unknown to the collaborators ranging from 10 to 1000 ng/g. Additionally, 8 incurred pesticide residues were determined. Thirteen laboratories from 7 countries provided results in the study, and a variety of different instruments were used by collaborators. The QuEChERS procedure simply entails 3 main steps: (1) a 15 g homogenized sample is weighed into a 50 mL centrifuge tube to which 15 mL acetonitrile containing 1% HOAc is added along with 6 g MgSO4 and 1.5 g NaOAc, and the tube is shaken and centrifuged; (2) a portion of the extract is mixed with 3 + 1 (w/w) MgSO4-primary secondary amine sorbent (200 mg/mL extract) and centrifuged; and (3) the final extract is analyzed by GC/MS and LC/MS/MS. To detect residues <10 ng/g in GC/MS, large-volume injection of 8 microL is typically needed, or the extract can be concentrated to 4 g/mL in toluene, in which case 2 microL splitless injection is used. In the study, the averaged results for data from 7-13 laboratories (not using internal standardization) for the 18 blind duplicates at the 9 spiking levels in the 3 matrixes are as follows [%recovery and reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSD(R), %)]: atrazine, 92 (18); azoxystrobin, 93 (15); bifenthrin, 90 (16); carbaryl, 96 (20); chlorothalonil, 70 (34); chlorpyrifos, 89 (25); cyprodinil, 89 (19); o,p'-DDD, 89 (18); dichlorvos, 82 (21); endosulfan sulfate, 80 (27); imazalil, 77 (33); imidacloprid, 96 (16); linuron, 89 (19); methamidophos, 87 (17); methomyl, 96 (17); procymidone, 91 (20); pymetrozine, 69 (19); tebuconazole, 89 (15); tolylfluanid (in grapes and oranges), 68 (33); and trifluralin, 85 (20). For incurred pesticides, kresoxim-methyl (9.2 +/- 3.2 ng/g) and cyprodinil (112 +/- 18) were found in the grapes; permethrins (112 +/- 41), lamda-cyhalothrin (58 +/- 11), and imidacloprid (12 +/- 2) were determined in the lettuces; and ethion (198 +/- 36), thiabendazole (53 +/- 8), and imazalil (13 +/- 4) were determined in the oranges. Chlorpyrifosmethyl (200 ng/g) was used as a quality control standard added during sample homogenization and yielded 86% recovery and 19% RSD(R). Intralaboratory repeatabilities for the method averaged 9.8% RSD for all analytes. The results demonstrate that the method is fit-for-purpose to monitor many pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables, and the Study Director recommends that it be adopted Official First Action.
Effect of Alloying Elements on The Corrosion Behavior of 0Cr12Ni3Co12Mo4W Ultra High Strength Stainless Steel (2015)

The effect of alloying elements on the corrosion behavior of 0Cr12Ni3Co12Mo4W ultra high strength stainless steel (UHSSS) in 0.1M Na2SO4 solutions with Cl- at pH=3 was studied by XPS, AES, SEM, EDS and a series of electrochemical measurements. The passive film with a thickness of about 7nm, formed on the UHSSS surface in 0.1M Na2SO4 solution at pH=3, contained an outer layer as n-type semiconductor with Fe3O4 and NiO, and an inner layer as p-type semiconductor with Cr2O3. The electrochemical measurements results showed that two kinds of pitting corrosion, outer pitting and inner pitting, occurred on the surface of UHSSS specimens in 0.1M Na2SO4 + 1wt.% NaCl solution at pH=3. The outer corrosion products were mainly composed of the oxides of Fe, Cr, Mo and Co, while the inner corrosion products were mainly composed of the oxides of Cr and Mo. During the inner pitting corrosion, the alloying elements Fe and Co were dissolved and diffused out of the pits, while Cr and Mo were dissolved and then deposited in the pits.
REVIEWS (1965)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access CURRENT LEGAL PROBLEMS 1964. Edited by G. W. KEETON and G. SCHWARZENBERGER. [London: Stevens. 1964. 220 pp. 63s.] D. A. Thomas D. A. Thomas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Criminology, Volume 5, Issue 3, July 1965, Page 342, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a048860 Published: 01 July 1965
BRCA2 Mutations and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2012)

Recently, BRCA1 germline mutations were found in a high proportion (14-34%) of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). BRCA2 was either not analyzed or showed much lower mutation frequencies. Therefore, we screened a group of TNBC patients (n = 30) of white European descent for mutations in BRCA2 as well as in BRCA1. Cases were unselected for age of disease-onset (median age at breast cancer diagnosis was 58 years, ranging from 37 to 74 years), family history of cancer and BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation status. Half of the patients (15/30) showed a family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer. A high frequency of deleterious germline mutations was observed in BRCA2 (5/30; 16.7%), and only one case showed a BRCA1 mutation (3.3%). Although the study group was small, these results point to BRCA2 mutations being important in TNBC.
Representation of planned overhead lines-the optical impression on the landscape (1988)

The construction of high-voltage overhead lines is becoming increasingly difficult, due to the growing awareness of the population to their environment. For this reason planners and authorisation agencies try to limit the visual impact on the landscape by selecting a suitable right-of-way. In the past with the absence of engineering methods to evaluate the visibility of the right-of-way, decisions had to be taken by subjective and qualitative criteria. The authors present the realistic representation of overhead lines in the landscape on a color-graphic-display supported by 3D-computer graphics package, 3DOG. The quantitative evaluation of the visibility of the planned right-of-way is also shown using a new algorithm of image processing. >
Emergent treatment of pelvic fractures. Comparison of methods for stabilization. (1995)

The emergent care of an unstable pelvic ring disruption in the patient who is hemodynamically unstable includes rapid application of military antishock trousers or an external fixator in an attempt to control bleeding and hemodynamically stabilize the patient. However, use of the military antishock trousers is limited in that it restricts access to the abdomen and lower extremities. The external fixator is limited at many institutions by the need to apply it in the operating room. Two experimental devices have been developed to provide emergent pelvic fracture reduction and temporary stabilization in the trauma room, while maintaining access to the abdomen and lower extremities. This study compared the efficacy of pelvic fracture reduction and stabilization in a cadaveric model using an external fixator with the efficacy of 2 experimental devices, the pelvic stabilizer and the pelvic c-clamp. Based on their ability to restore pelvic volume and reduce pubic diastasis and their application time, the 3 devices performed similarly. Complications in applying each device were noted but were of less clinical significance for the external fixator. Surgeon practice on cadavera before clinical use will help ensure safe application of either experimental device in the trauma room.
[NADPH-diaphorase localization in the radial nerve cords of the starfish Patiria pectinifera]. (2004)

The presence and localization of NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) in the radial nerve cords of Patiria pectonifera was shown by electron histochemistry. NADPH-d-positive structures were found in ectoneural and hyponeural regions of the radial nerve cord. Ultrastructural localization of NADPH-d was detected in neurons, sensory cells, supporting cells, and in the nerve plexus. The highest enzymatic activity in ectoneural region of the radial nerve cord is due, presumably, to the involvement of NADPH in sensory signal processing.
Concurrency control and view notification algorithms for collaborative replicated objects (1998)

This paper describes algorithms for implementing a high-level programming model for synchronous distributed groupware applications. In this model, several application data objects may be atomically updated, and these objects automatically maintain consistency with their replicas using an optimistic algorithm. Changes to these objects may be optimistically or pessimistically observed by view objects by taking consistent snapshots. The algorithms for both update propagation and view notification are based upon optimistic guess propagation principles adapted for fast commit by using primary copy replication techniques. The main contribution of the paper is the synthesis of these two algorithmic techniques-guess propagation and primary copy replication-for implementing a framework that is easy to program to and is well suited for the needs of groupware applications.
Loss‐of‐function mutations in the melanocortin‐3 receptor gene confer risk for human obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis (2019)

The association between rare coding loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in the melanocortin receptor 3 (MC3R) gene and human obesity is controversial. To fill this gap of knowledge, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of genetic association studies in all ages and ethnicities. Two reviewers independently performed risk of bias assessment and extracted data. We searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, BIOSIS Preview, CINAHL, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, and reference lists of relevant studies. All case-control, cross-sectional, prospective, and retrospective studies that evaluated prevalence of rare (less than 1% frequency) coding partial/complete LOF mutations in MC3R among individuals with obesity and normal weight were included. Our systematic search identified 1925 references relevant to the present review. Six studies were deemed eligible. Meta-analysis of 2969 individuals with obesity and 2572 with normal weight showed a positive association between rare heterozygous coding partial/complete LOF mutations in MC3R and obesity in children and adults of European, North African, and Asian ancestries (odds ratio = 3.07; 95% CI, 1.48-7.00; P = 4.2 × 10<sup>-3</sup> ). Our data demonstrates that rare partial/complete LOF mutations in the coding region of MC3R confer three-time increased risk of obesity in humans, and implies that rare genetic variants with intermediate effects contribute to the missing heritability of obesity.
Characterization of Light Transport in Scattering Media at Subdiffusion Length Scales with Low-Coherence Enhanced Backscattering (2009)

Low-coherence enhanced backscattering (LEBS) is a technique that has recently shown promise for tissue characterization and the detection of early pre-cancer. Although several Monte Carlo models of LEBS have been described, these models have not been accurate enough to predict all of the experimentally observed LEBS features. We present an appropriate Monte Carlo model to simulate LEBS peak properties from polystyrene microsphere suspensions in water. Results show that the choice of the phase function greatly impacts the accuracy of the simulation when the transport mean free path (ls*) is much greater than the spatial coherence length (L(SC)). When ls* < L(SC), a diffusion approximation based model of LEBS is sufficiently accurate. We also use the Monte Carlo model to validate that LEBS can be used to measure the radial scattering probability distribution (radial point spread function), p(r), at small length scales and demonstrate LEBS measurements of p(r) from biological tissue. In particular, we show that pre-cancerous and benign mucosal tissues have different small length scale light transport properties.
Amino Acid Analysis of Submicrogram Hydrolyzate Samples (1987)

Understanding the mechanisms by which diseases occur is a complex process, and often involves the isolation and characterization of minute quantities of rare proteins from living tissue. Amino acid analysis is a vital tool for the elucidation of the structure of such molecules, but today’s researchers must operate at or beyond the utmost limits of conventional methods. In February, 1984 (1) we reported on a new approach to precolumn derivatization and analysis of amino acids which appeared to satisfy all the needs of protein chemists. The approach was based upon the formation of a phenylthiocarbamyl (PTC) derivative of the amino acids (2). The method was shown to be rapid, efficient, sensitive, and specific for the analysis of primary and secondary amino acids in protein hydrolyzates. The method allows for the rapid, bonded phase separation with ultraviolet (UV) detection at 254 nm of the common amino acids with 12 minute analysis time and a one picomole sensitivity for a standard amino acid sample.
GROMACS: Fast, flexible, and free (2005)

This article describes the software suite GROMACS (Groningen MAchine for Chemical Simulation) that was developed at the University of Groningen, The Netherlands, in the early 1990s. The software, written in ANSI C, originates from a parallel hardware project, and is well suited for parallelization on processor clusters. By careful optimization of neighbor searching and of inner loop performance, GROMACS is a very fast program for molecular dynamics simulation. It does not have a force field of its own, but is compatible with GROMOS, OPLS, AMBER, and ENCAD force fields. In addition, it can handle polarizable shell models and flexible constraints. The program is versatile, as force routines can be added by the user, tabulated functions can be specified, and analyses can be easily customized. Nonequilibrium dynamics and free energy determinations are incorporated. Interfaces with popular quantum-chemical packages (MOPAC, GAMES-UK, GAUSSIAN) are provided to perform mixed MM/QM simulations. The package includes about 100 utility and analysis programs. GROMACS is in the public domain and distributed (with source code and documentation) under the GNU General Public License. It is maintained by a group of developers from the Universities of Groningen, Uppsala, and Stockholm, and the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research in Mainz. Its Web site is http://www.gromacs.org.
Mechanisms of synthesis of virion proteins from the functionally bigenic late mRNAs of simian virus 40 (1988)

The late 19S RNAs of simian virus 40 (SV40) are functionally polycistronic, i.e., all encode both VP2 and VP3. The VP3-coding sequences are situated in the same reading frame as the VP2-coding sequences, within the carboxy-terminal two-thirds of the VP2-coding sequences. To test whether VP3 is produced by proteolytic processing of VP2, we introduced a variety of deletion and insertion mutations within the amino-terminal end of the VP2-coding sequences. Genetic and biochemical analysis of the proteins synthesized in cells transfected with these mutants indicated that VP2 and VP3 were synthesized independently of each other. A leaky scanning model for the synthesis of VP3 was tested by the insertion of a strong initiation signal (CCAACATGG) upstream of the VP3-coding sequences. When the signal was placed in the same reading frame as VP3, synthesis of VP3 was reduced by a factor of 10 to 20, whereas synthesis of the expected VP3-related fusion protein occurred at a rate similar to that observed for VP3 in cells transfected with wild-type SV40 DNA. Insertion of this strong initiation signal at the same site, but in a different reading frame, resulted in the synthesis of VP3 at one-third of the wild-type rate. Mutation of the VP2 initiator AUG resulted in a small but reproducible (1.6-fold) increase in VP3 accumulation. From these experiments we conclude that (i) VP3 is synthesized predominantly by independent initiation of translation via a leaky scanning mechanism, rather than by proteolytic processing of VP2 or direct internal initiation of translation; (ii) a strong initiation signal 5' of the VP3-coding sequences can significantly inhibit synthesis of VP3, but does not act as an absolute barrier to scanning ribosomes; (iii) approximately 70% of scanning ribosomes bypass the VP2 initiator AUG, which is present in a weak context (GGUCCAUGG), and initiate at the VP3 initiation signal located downstream; and (iv) reinitiation of translation appears to occur on the SV40 late 19S mRNAs at an efficiency of 25 to 50%.