gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen Production by the Cataylitic Auto-Thermal Reforming of Synthetic Crude Glycerol in a Packed Bed Tubular Reactor (2014)

The target of this work was to develop an efficient autothermal reforming (ATR)
process for the production of renewable hydrogen from synthetic crude glycerol (CG).
Hence, the work was divided into three phases: (1) development of a high performance
catalyst, (2) optimization of process variables, and (3) investigating the kinetics of the
involved reactions. A portfolio of ternary oxide catalysts with a nominal composition of
5Ni/CeZrM (where M= Ca, Gd, Mg) was prepared, characterized and tested in the
process. A series of experiments was conducted in a Packed Bed Tubular Reactor
(PBTR) using a factorial design technique to investigate the effects of the different
operating parameters. A rate model expression was then developed based on the
experimental kinetic data.
Synthetic CG was reformed over a modified cerium-zirconium support loaded
with nickel catalyst (5%Ni/CeZrM) by a combination of partial oxidation and steam
reforming reactions to generate hydrogen via an overall auto-thermal process. Amongst
the tested catalysts, calcium promoted one showed the highest catalytic activity due
mainly to its reducibility and nickel dispersion properties. The prepared catalysts were
characterized by N2 physisorption (BET), thermogravemetric analysis (TGA),
temperature programmed oxidation (TPO), temperature programmed reduction (TPR),
inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD)
techniques.
Likewise, the composition of crude glycerol mixture generated at biodiesel plants,
free glycerol, methanol, soap, free fatty acids and ashes (NaCl and KCl), were contained in the synthetic crude glycerol. The catalytic performance was evaluated based on
conversion, hydrogen selectivity, hydrogen yield, turnover frequency and rate of coke
formation. A reforming temperature of 575°C, steam-to-carbon ratio (S/C) of 2.6,
oxygen-to-carbon ratio (O/C) of 0.125, reduction temperature of 600°C and calcination
temperature of 550°C were experimentally found to be the best operating conditions
based on hydrogen yield and process stability. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was
performed to study the main effects and interactions among the different parameters and
quantify the significance of each parameter on the overall performance. Reaction
temperature and S/C ratio were found to be the most influential variables on conversion
and H2 selectivity.
The kinetics of synthetic CG ATR reactions were studied in a temperature range
of 500-650°C, steam-to-carbon (S/C) range of 1.6-3.6, oxygen-to-carbon (O/C) range of
0.05-0.2, weight space velocity (WSV) range of 0-158.2 gcat.min/mol C and at
atmospheric pressure. In preparation for collecting intrinsic kinetic data, a region free of
heat and mass transfer limitations was established by varying catalyst particle size and
inlet flow rates in the ranges of 0.55-1.27 mm and 0.0019-0.0033 mol C/min,
respectively, and the stability of the catalyst was tested in an extended period run for 15
hours time on stream (TOS) experiment. The integral…
CNN-Based Precoder and Combiner Design in mmWave MIMO Systems (2019)

Hybrid beamformer design is a crucial stage in millimeter-wave (mmWave) MIMO systems. In this letter, we propose a convolutional neural network (CNN) framework for the joint design of precoder and combiners. The proposed network accepts the input of channel matrix and gives the output of analog and baseband beamformers. Previous works are usually based on the knowledge of steering vectors of array responses which is not always accurately available in practice. The proposed CNN framework does not require such a knowledge, and it provides higher performance in capacity compared with the conventional greedy- and optimization-based algorithms.
Flexible Microarray Construction and Fast DNA Hybridization Conducted on a Microfluidic Chip for Greenhouse Plant Fungal Pathogen Detection (2007)

This study employed a microfluidic method in which probe creation does not require pin-spotting and fast hybridization is conducted on the same microarray chip for the detection of three greenhouse pathogens ( Botrytis cinerea, Didymella bryoniae, and Botrytis squamosa). In this method, 16 oligonucleotide probe line arrays were created on a glass substrate by a microfluidic printing method. Then, low amounts of the DNA samples (1 fmol of oligonucelotides or 1.4 ng of PCR products) were introduced into the microchannels that were orthogonal to these probe lines. The hybridizations of 16 samples (21-mer complementary oligonuleotides and approximately 260 bp PCR products) were fulfilled at the channel-probe line intersections and in a short time (minutes). The optimization of probe immobilization and sample hybridization are described in detail. The method successfully detected and discriminated between two 260 bp PCR products with a one-base-pair difference from closely related greenhouse plant fungal pathogens (B. cinerea and B. squamosa).
Integrated SiC MOSFET module with ultra low parasitic inductance for noise free ultra high speed switching (2015)

A 1200V SiC MOSFET-gate driver integrated half-bridge (HB) module using direct bonded copper (DBC) substrate is designed and fabricated for noise free high frequency operation. The layout of the integrated module is carefully designed to eliminate the EMI problem under high switching speed. Due to the significantly reduced stray inductance, the external gate driver resistance can be chosen as zero to maximize the switching speed and reduce the switching loss. Double pulse switching of the standard TO-247 and the integrated module are tested to verify noise free operation of the module under high dI/dt and dV/dt conditions. A half bridge inverter utilizing the integrated module is tested at 510 kHz, 800V, 46Apk-pk. Experimental results show the proposed integrated module can be applied for ultra-high frequency applications.
A 7 -Cylinder IVD Compressor for Automotive Air Conditioning (1989)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A 7-cylinder, wobble plate type, infinitely variable displacement, (IVD), compressor has been developed to meet the following requirements as set forth by the world automotive manufacturers:</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph"> <ol class="list nostyle"> <li class="list-item"><span class="li-label">1</span><div class="htmlview paragraph">Wide range of capacity control to eliminate clutch cycling which causes temperature and humidity fluctuations of louver outlet air and unexpected engine load variations</div></li> <li class="list-item"><span class="li-label">2</span><div class="htmlview paragraph">Near perfect protection of the evaporator against icing</div></li> <li class="list-item"><span class="li-label">3</span><div class="htmlview paragraph">Reliability under all field operating conditions</div></li> <li class="list-item"><span class="li-label">4</span><div class="htmlview paragraph">Quiet operation in a compact and lightweight package to suit the new trends in automotive design.</div></li> </ol> </div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A simpler mechanism has been applied to the variable angle cam drive and wobble plate rotation prevention method than with the conventional IVD compressor. The 7-cylinder design, with fewer parts for the piston drive mechanism, enables a quiet compressor of 161.3 cc displacement in a 118 mm diameter casing. An internal control valve is integrated in the center of the valve plate assembly. Mass flow rate compensation is attained using a discharge pressure sensing rod which modulates the opening pressure of the bellows valve.</div>
Detection of Urinary Drug Metabolite (Xenometabolome) Signatures in Molecular Epidemiology Studies via Statistical Total Correlation (NMR) Spectroscopy (2008)

Western populations use prescription and nonprescription drugs extensively, but large-scale population usage\nis rarely assessed objectively in epidemiological studies.\nHere we apply statistical methods to characterize structural pathway connectivities of metabolites of commonly\nused drugs detected routinely in <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectra of urine\nin a human population study. <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectra were\nmeasured for two groups of urine samples obtained from\nU.S. participants in a known population study. The novel\napplication of a statistical total correlation spectroscopy\n(STOCSY) approach enabled rapid identification of the\nmajor and certain minor drug metabolites in common use\nin the population, in particular, from acetaminophen and\nibuprofen metabolites. This work shows that statistical\nconnectivities between drug metabolites can be established in routine “high-throughput” NMR screening of\nhuman samples from participants who have randomly self-administered drugs. This approach should be of value in\nconsidering interpopulation patterns of drug metabolism\nin epidemiological and pharmacogenetic studies.
Structural study by transmission and scanning electron microscopy of the time-dependent structural change in M41S mesoporous silica (MCM-41 to MCM-48, and MCM-50) (2003)

High resolution transmission electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy are used to provide direct evidence for the solid-state transformations from cubic MCM-48 to lamellar mesophases. The structural change from MCM-41 to MCM-48 and MCM-50 with temperature is described in this report. Initially, a meta-stable MCM-41 is formed at room temperature, which turns into MCM-48 after a few hours at 140 °C. Thermal treatment over longer periods of time leads to the formation of a lamellar phase. Thermogravimetric studies are presented for a better understanding of the surfactant–silica system and its modifications with temperature.
Epidermal Growth Factor Induces Cell Proliferation in Mouse Pancreas and Salivary Glands (1997)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a mitogenic stimulus in many tissues and occurs in large amounts in the pancreas and salivary glands. Whether EGF is mitogenic in the pancreas is controversial, and the EGF effect has not been studied in the salivary glands. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the possible effects on the pancreas and parotid and submandibular glands at different time intervals after exogenous EGF administration. Human recombinant EGF was infused subcutaneously by osmotic minipumps in three groups of mice (for 1, 3, and 7 days, respectively) at a dosage of 10 micrograms/kg/h (1.6 mumol/kg/h). Tritiated thymidine was infused intraperitoneally by osmotic minipumps for the same time periods, but only for the last 3 days in the 7-day group. After 1 day the pancreas increased in weight and the increase persisted throughout the study. No effect was seen on the parotid or submandibular gland wet weight. A slight transient increase in pancreas protein content was observed, whereas amylase content was unaffected. The labeling index of serous and ductal cells in the parotid gland increased from the third day. After 7 days, all cell types studied in the pancreas and parotid and submandibular glands were in a hyperproliferative state. The results show that EGF evoked a strong proliferative response on all cell types studied in the pancreas and parotid and submandibular glands.
Regularization techniques for discrete cepstrum estimation (1996)

Traditional spectral envelope estimation methods suffer from significant drawbacks in (high-pitched) voiced segments: spectral peaks tend to be biased toward pitch harmonics. To alleviate this drawback, discrete modeling techniques have been proposed. The discrete cepstrum method consists in fitting a spectral envelope parameterized by cepstrum coefficients to a discrete set of spectral points using a log-spectral distortion criterion. Unfortunately, this estimation problem is ill conditioned in many cases of interest. The article introduces a simple regularization technique that guarantees that the spectral envelope is well behaved. A modification of the basic regularization criterion is proposed in order to take into account a possible prior knowledge of the spectral tilt of the envelope.
A multicriteria framework with voxel‐dependent parameters for radiotherapy treatment plan optimization (2014)

The authors have developed a mathematical framework for radiotherapy treatment optimization using voxel-based parameters. The authors can improve the plan quality by adjusting voxel-based weighting factors and exploring the unique and large Pareto surface which include all the Pareto surfaces that can be generated by organ-based model using different objective functions.
Lithiated Azafulvenes by Halogen/Metal Interchange of Brominated 6‐(Diisopropylamino)‐1‐azafulvene Derivatives. Novel synthesis of 5‐mono‐ and 4,5‐disubstituted 1<i>H</i>‐pyrrole‐2‐carbaldehydes (1988)

Abstract The first known lithiated 1‐azafulvene derivatives were generated by low‐temperature halogen/metal interchange, with t ‐BuLi, from the corresponding brominated 6‐diisopropylamino compounds 3b and 12 . These Li species reacted with sundry eletrophilic reagents to give products which, on basic hydrolysis, were converted into 5‐mono‐ or 4,5‐disubstituted pyrrole‐2‐carbaldehydes 10 and 16 , respectively.
Design and implementation of a JTAG boundary-scan interface controller (2002)

In this paper we present an architecture for JTAG boundary-scan interface controller which we have implemented as a basic RISC microprocessor chip. We also present a JTAG test language which makes the interface between machine and users very friendly.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Automatic Mosaic of Multi-viewpoint Overlapped Image (2002)

The methods of multi-perspective mosaic ask mostly estimate the parameter of camera, the depth of every pixels, and more images. The ubiquitous disadvantage of these methods is over heavy calculation. On account of the difficulty of shooting on the sea, these methods will not serve the view of ship-handing simulator. So the mosaic method based on the simple 2D overlapped image is required, but the multi-perspective and shelter between the scenarios bring more difficulty. This paper construct a imaging geometric model of the overlapped images according the demand in view and background of ship-handing simulator, then proposes a automatic mosaic and smoothness method based on the most depth line on the vertical middle plane and the parallel line on the same depth plane. The experimental results show that the jointing efficiency of this algorithm is better, and it has wide application perspective at fields of multi-perspective mosaic.
WEE1 Kinase Inhibition Enhances the Radiation Response of Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas (2012)

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a fatal pediatric disease. Thus far, no therapeutic agent has proven beneficial in the treatment of this malignancy. Therefore, conventional DNA-damaging radiotherapy remains the standard treatment, providing transient neurologic improvement without improving the probability of overall survival. During radiotherapy, WEE1 kinase controls the G(2) cell-cycle checkpoint, allowing for repair of irradiation (IR)-induced DNA damage. Here, we show that WEE1 kinase is one of the highest overexpressed kinases in primary DIPG tissues compared with matching non-neoplastic brain tissues. Inhibition of WEE1 by MK-1775 treatment of DIPG cells inhibited the IR-induced WEE1-mediated phosphorylation of CDC2, resulting in reduced G(2)-M arrest and decreased cell viability. Finally, we show that MK-1775 enhances the radiation response of E98-Fluc-mCherry DIPG mouse xenografts. Altogether, these results show that inhibition of WEE1 kinase in conjunction with radiotherapy holds potential as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of DIPG.
Adolescent Depression and Anxiety: Is Parental Psychological Control a Factor? (2020)

Adolescence is a critical period in an individual's development, and many parents struggle to find the best way to parent maturing teens. Research has found that when parents regularly use psychological control as a parenting technique, their adolescents may experience negative mental health impacts.
Bone alkaline phosphatase and prostate‐specific antigen in the monitoring of prostate cancer (1994)

A retrospective study has been made on the interrelationship of serum bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), measured by the Ostase-RIA, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in 156 patients with M0 and M1 prostate cancer. BAP is a more sensitive and more specific method of determining osteoblast activity than total alkaline phosphatase (TAP). The main difference between these two assays is seen when the TAP is in the range of normal to twice-normal. BAP shows a low intraindividual variation in M0 disease, and was within normal limits in 18 patients following radical prostatectomy with a PSA < 0.1 ng/ml. A raised BAP was observed in 86.4% of M1 disease at diagnosis before treatment. The change of BAP was concordant with PSA in 69% of 49 cases of M1 disease, although there are marked differences in the rates of change of the two markers. A nadir of PSA < or = 10 ng/ml after androgen blockade in M1 disease was associated with a high probability of a normal BAP.
Access to Spirocyclic Oxindoles via N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Reactions of Enals and Oxindole-Derived α,β-Unsaturated Imines (2012)

A diastereoselective access to β-lactam fused spirocyclic oxindoles and related compounds bearing all carbon spiro centers is described. This N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed process employed challenging β,β-disubstituted α,β-unsaturated imines to react with enals.
Dielectrophoresis assembly of multiwall carbon nanotubes for creating cylindrical clusters (2011)

In this work, we propose a method of assembling carbon nanotubes (CNT) into a cluster by using dielectrophoresis. Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), which have been acid-treated, are dispersed into ethanol solution at a concentration of approximate 500 μg/mL. Then, the MWCNT solution is transported between a micromachined bottom electrode and a top probe electrode. A MWCNT cluster is formed using dielectrophoresis assisted by the surface tension during the solution evaporation process. The repeated experiment shows that measured electrical resistance of the assembled MWCNTs cluster is about 40 ohm.
Carotid arteries: Maximizing arterial to venous contrast in fluoroscopically triggered contrast-enhanced MR angiography with elliptic centric view ordering (2000)

PURPOSE: To obtain high-spatial-resolution, venous-suppressed, contrast material–enhanced, three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance (MR) angiograms of the carotid arteries and aortic arch by using an elliptic centric view ordering with MR fluoroscopic triggering. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty consecutive patients with cerebrovascular disease in the differential diagnosis were evaluated with fluoroscopically triggered 3D MR angiography (gadoteridol dose range, 0.1–0.3 mmol per kilogram of body weight; mean acquisition time, 40 seconds ± 8 [SD]). The contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiograms were evaluated for overall quality, vascular signal intensity, venous suppression, and motion artifact. Twenty patients also underwent two-dimensional (2D) time-of-flight (TOF) MR angiography. The overall quality of the 2D TOF MR angiograms and comparative quality between the 2D TOF and contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiograms were determined. RESULTS: The contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiograms were of excellent or more than adequate qu...
Effectiveness of Heuristics Measures for Automatic Test Pattern Generation (1986)

The PODEM (path-oriented decision making) algorithm generates tests for single stuck-at faults in combinational circuits described at the gate level. Controllability and observability (C/O) values were used as heuristic measures in PODEM. The PODEM algorithm and five different methods of determining controllability and observability were implemented. An experiment was conducted to study the effectiveness of different controllability and observability measures for PODEM. Based on the experimental data a new strategy for test generation is discussed.
Aesthetics and Emotions in Images (2011)

In this tutorial, we define and discuss key aspects of the problem of computational inference of aesthetics and emotion from images. We begin with a background discussion on philosophy, photography, paintings, visual arts, and psychology. This is followed by introduction of a set of key computational problems that the research community has been striving to solve and the computational framework required for solving them. We also describe data sets available for performing assessment and outline several real-world applications where research in this domain can be employed. A significant number of papers that have attempted to solve problems in aesthetics and emotion inference are surveyed in this tutorial. We also discuss future directions that researchers can pursue and make a strong case for seriously attempting to solve problems in this research domain.
A Study on the Induction Heating of Conductive Fiber Reinforced Composites (2002)

A unified approach, considering three possible heating mechanisms: fiber (Joule losses) and fiber crossover junction (dielectric hysteresis and contact resistance), to identify dominant heating mechanisms during induction processing of conductive fiber reinforced composites is presented. Non-dimensional parameters were proposed to identify the relationships between heating mechanisms and process and material parameters. Parametric studies showed that junction heating mechanisms dominate fiber heating for the material systems considered, with the exception of relatively low contact resistance (< 10 3). Results for dielectric hysteresis and low contact resistance were consistent with individual models in the literature. A design map relating the three mechanisms is presented that can help identify the dominant heating mechanism, given the properties of the composite.
Dynamic analysis of planar manipulation tasks (2003)

The author presents two algorithms that construct a set of initial configurations from which a given action will reliably accomplish a planar manipulation task. The first algorithm applies energy arguments to construct a conservative set of successful initial configurations, while the second algorithm performs numerical integration to construct a set that is much less conservative. The algorithms may be applied to a variety of tasks, including pushing, placing-by-dropping, and force-controlled assembly tasks. Both algorithms consider the task geometry and mechanics, and allow uncertainty in every task parameter except for the object shapes. Experimental results which demonstrate the validity of the algorithms output for two example manipulation tasks are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ultrahigh barrier coating deposition on polycarbonate substrates (2004)

The use of polycarbonate film substrates enables fabrication of applications, such as flexible display devices, lighting devices, and other flexible electro-optical devices, using low cost, roll-to-roll fabrication technologies. One of the limitations of bare polycarbonate material in these applications is that oxygen and moisture rapidly diffuse through the material and subsequently degrade the electro-optical devices. This article summarizes recent results obtained at GE Global Research to solve the oxygen and moisture diffusion issue. It will be shown that through the application of thin, dense, plasma-based inorganic coatings one can significantly reduce the oxygen and moisture permeation rate through polycarbonate films. However, as a result of defects that are commonly present in these inorganic coatings there is a limit to the performance of such barrier coatings. To further improve the barrier performance, advanced barrier coatings comprising both inorganic and organic materials have been developed. Both modeling and experimental results will be presented that explain why these hybrid material barrier coatings are capable of reaching ultrahigh barrier performance.