gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proliferation and differentiation of fetal human oligodendrocytes in culture (1994)

Phenotypic expression and proliferative capacity of the cells of oligodendrocyte lineage were investigated in primary cultures isolated from fetal human brains of 12-15 weeks' gestation using double immunolabeling with Ranscht-monoclonal antibody (R-mAb) or O4 and antibromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) antibody. Cultured cells of oligodendrocyte lineage consisted of a major population of R-mAb+O4- cells and minor populations of R-mAb-O4+ and R-mAb+O4+ cells. Most of the R-mAb+O4- cells exhibited a uni-, bi-, or tripolar immature morphology, while the majority of the R-mAb+O4+ cells exhibited a multipolar mature morphology. R-mAb-O4+ cells contained a mixture of immature and mature cell types. When incubated in serum-free culture medium containing BrdU for 4 days, 42% of total oligodendrocytes expressed nuclear BrdU immunolabeling. R-mAb+ cells exhibited a higher degree of BrdU immunolabeling, indicating that they have greater capacities for proliferation than O4+ cells. The large majority of BrdU+ cells exhibited an immature morphology. Inclusion of insulin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), or fetal bovine serum in culture medium did not stimulate proliferation of oligodendrocytes, while platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or PDGF plus bFGF increased the number of R-mAb+BrdU+ and O4+BrdU+ cells over control, even though the results were not statistically significant. In addition, insulin and IGF-I induced a 3-fold increase in the number of R-mAb+O4+ cells, indicating that they promoted differentiation of oligodendrocytes. The present study indicates that fetal human oligodendrocytes in culture exhibit a considerable degree of proliferative capacity without requirement of exogenous growth factors and that both insulin and IGF-I promote their differentiation.
Reactive Oxygen Species Impair the Function of CD90+ Hematopoietic Progenitors Generated from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (2016)

Cell stressors, such as elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), adversely affect hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) reconstituting ability. However, the effects of ROS have not been evaluated in the context of hematopoietic development from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Using our previously described in vitro system for efficient derivation of hematopoietic cells from hPSCs, we show that the vast majority of generated hematopoietic cells display supraphysiological levels of ROS compared to fresh cord blood cells. Elevated ROS resulted in DNA damage of the CD34<sup>+</sup> hematopoietic fraction and, following functional assays, reduced colony formation and impaired proliferative capacity. Interestingly, all the proliferative potential of the most primitive hematopoietic cells was limited to a small fraction with low ROS levels. We show that elevation of ROS in hPSC-derived hematopoietic cells is contributed by multiple distinct cellular processes. Furthermore, by targeting these molecular processes with 4 unique factors, we could reduce ROS levels significantly, yielding a 22-fold increase in the most primitive CD90<sup>+</sup> CD34<sup>+</sup> hematopoietic cells with robust growth capacity. We demonstrate that the ROS reducing factors specifically reduced ROS in more primitive hematopoietic fractions, in contrast to endothelial cells that maintained low ROS levels in the cultures. We conclude that high levels of ROS in in vitro differentiation systems of hPSCs is a major determinant in the lack of ability to generate hematopoietic cells with similar proliferation/differentiation potential to in vivo hematopoietic progenitors, and suggest that elevated ROS is a significant barrier to generating hPSC-derived repopulating HSCs. Stem Cells 2017;35:197-206.
Serotonin paracrine signaling in tissue fibrosis (2012)

The molecule serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT) is involved in numerous biological processes both inside and outside of the central nervous system. 5-HT signals through 5-HT receptors and it is the diversity of these receptors and their subtypes that give rise to the varied physiological responses. It is clear that platelet derived serotonin is critical for normal wound healing in multiple organs including, liver, lung heart and skin. 5-HT stimulates both vasoconstriction and vasodilation, influences inflammatory responses and promotes formation of a temporary scar which acts as a scaffold for normal tissue to be restored. However, in situations of chronic injury or damage 5-HT signaling can have deleterious effects and promote aberrant wound healing resulting in tissue fibrosis and impaired organ regeneration. This review highlights the diverse actions of serotonin signaling in the pathogenesis of fibrotic disease and explores how modulating the activity of specific 5-HT receptors, in particular the 5-HT2 subclass could have the potential to limit fibrosis and restore tissue regeneration. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Fibrosis: Translation of basic research to human disease.
Low-voltage pulsed plasma discharges inside water using a bubble self-generating parallel plate electrode with a porous ceramic (2013)

Characteristics of pulsed bubbles discharges in water were investigated using parallel punched plate electrodes with a porous thin ceramic plate inserted between two metal plates. The micro-bubbles were generated just beneath the porous ceramic plate by flowing gas through it. The transition from spiky dielectric barrier discharges to pulsed glow discharges enables efficient bubble discharges at a relatively low voltage of 1.8 ∼ 4.0 kV of the 5 kHz square-waves with a pulse-width of about 750 ns. With 80% Ar and 20% O2 mixture gas at 4.0 kV, the 50 mg/l Indigo Carmine aqueous solution was efficiently decolorized within about 3 min.
The skin surface microenvironment. Aspects on biophysical conditions and microbiology (2004)

The influence of skin environmental factors has been investigated in five studies. In the first study, the microbial growth and rash development in diaper dermatitis were studied in order to evaluate a UVB radiation therapy in comparison with a combined antifungal-hydrocortisone cream. The effect of reducing skin environmental pH in experimentally induced Candida lesions was investigated in the second study. The effect of occlusion on vulvar skin temperature, humidity and surface pH, with and without the use of panty liners was investigated in study III and IV, with study IV also including measurements of the skin microflora. In the fifth study, string panties equipped with string panty liners were compared with regular panties with standard panty liners, to evaluate whether there was any difference in their impact on the vulvar skin microenvironment.Diaper dermatitis was susceptible to treatment with UVB therapy, the improvement effect in this study was comparable to the use of antifungal-hydrocortisone cream. Experimentally induced skin reactions caused by C. albicans, were significantly reduced when skin environmental pH was changed from 5.7 to 5.1 (study II). The results were not caused by reduced growth of C. albicans, but might be due to a pH dependence of the virulence of the yeast and/or a modulation of the host s defence capability. The results in study III indicated that vapour-impermeable panty liners increased vulvar temperature, humidity and pH, compared with the use of no liners. However, the use of vapour-permeable (breathable) panty liners kept the microclimate basically at an undisturbed level. Study IV showed that vulvar microclimate and microflora levels were significantly higher during use of a non-breathable panty liner, compared to the use of no liner. The use of a breathable and acidic panty liner resulted in a microclimate and microflora close to the situation without panty liner. However, the numbers of microorganisms were low for all three circumstances (with or without the use of both panty liners) implying no significant microbial risk. The differences in panty and panty liner design in study V (string vs normal), seem to have negligible impact on the vulvar skin microclimate, skin surface pH and microflora. No support was found for the fear that a string panty system would result in higher contamination of vulvar skin with anorectal microflora.It is concluded that changes in skin environmental pH and occlusion are important for changes in skin microflora. A well-balanced skin microenvironment, with respect to temperature, humidity and pH, could be a good preventive approach to avoid skin infections and irritations.
Evaluation of the surface hardness, roughness, gloss and color of composites after different finishing/polishing treatments and thermocycling using a multitechnique approach (2016)

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the mechanical and physical properties of resin composites. The materials evaluated were the Clearfil Majesty Posterior, Filtek Z550 and G-aenial Posterior composites. A total of 189 specimens were fabricated for microhardness, roughness, gloss and color tests. The specimens were divided into three finishing and polishing systems: Enhance, OneGloss and Sof-Lex Spiral. Microhardness, roughness, gloss and color were measured after 24 h and after 10,000 thermocycles. Two samples from each group were evaluated using SEM and AFM. G-aenial Posterior exhibited the lowest microhardness values. The mean roughness ranged from 0.37 to 0.61 µm. The smoothest surfaces were obtained with Sof-Lex Spiral for each material. G-aenial Posterior with Enhance was determined to be the glossiest surfaces. All of the materials exhibited similar ΔE values ranging between 1.69 and 2.75. Sof-Lex Spiral discs could be used successfully to polish composites.
Engine Control Optimization for Best Fuel Economy with Emission Constraints (1977)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This new approach for improving fuel economy uses computer programs to optimize and tailor an engine's fuel, EGR and spark control in the laboratory. New forms of engine and vehicle test data are used as inputs. This includes a simple simulation of the catalytic converter. The emission engineer is in control of the process via a special interactive program at a computer terminal. He combines his know-how with the computer programs to create a feasible engine control calibration for vehicle evaluation. The programs can also be used to study tradeoffs of optimized fuel economy vs emissions for a vehicle. Although presently limited to warmed up operation, the optimization procedure has proved to be valid and useful.</div>
Simulation and Analysis of Two-Level Photovoltaic Grid-Connected System (2012)

As the power output of the photovoltaic (PV) cell changes with the insolation changing, PV cell temperature and cell voltage changing, it is necessary to control the operating voltage to draw the maximum power of the PV cell in order to increase system efficiency. Two-level three phase grid-connected PV system is designed. The forestage BOOST chopper adopt Incremental conductance algorithm to implement Maximum Power Point Tracking; The controller for the inverter system contains inner current loop and external voltage loop. According to the proposed control schemes, the phase and frequency of grid-connected current is the same as grid voltage, with the result of unity of the power, factor for power grid. The PV grid-connected system is built by MATLAB/SIMULINK, and the simulation results show that the proposed control schemes are validated.
Low‐Temperature Processing and Mechanical Properties of Zirconia and Zirconia–Alumina Nanoceramics (2003)

The 1.5‐ to 3‐mol%‐Y 2 O 3 ‐stabilized tetragonal ZrO 2 (Y‐TZP) and Al 2 O 3 /Y‐TZP nanocomposite ceramics with 1 to 5 wt% of alumina were produced by a colloidal technique and low‐temperature sintering. The influence of the ceramic processing conditions, resulting density, microstructure, and the alumina content on the hardness and toughness were determined. The densification of the zirconia (Y‐TZP) ceramic at low temperatures was possible only when a highly uniform packing of the nanoaggregates was achieved in the green compacts. The bulk nanostructured 3‐mol%‐yttria‐stabilized zirconia ceramic with an average grain size of 112 nm was shown to reach a hardness of 12.2 GPa and a fracture toughness of 9.3 MPa·m 1/2 . The addition of alumina allowed the sintering process to be intensified. A nanograined bulk alumina/zirconia composite ceramic with an average grain size of 94 nm was obtained, and the hardness increased to 16.2 GPa. Nanograined tetragonal zirconia ceramics with a reduced yttria‐stabilizer content were shown to reach fracture toughnesses between 12.6–14.8 MPa·m 1/2 (2Y‐TZP) and 11.9–13.9 MPa·m 1/2 (1.5Y‐TZP).
Ultrasensitive photonic crystal fiber refractive index sensor (2009)

We introduce a microfluidic refractive index sensor based on a directional coupler architecture using solid-core photonic crystal fibers. The sensor achieves very high sensitivity by coupling the core mode to a mode in the adjacent fluid-filled waveguide that is beyond modal cutoff, and with strong field overlap. We demonstrate the device through the selective infiltration of a single hole with fluid along a microstructured optical fiber. A detection limit of 4.6x10(-7) refractive index units has been derived from measurements with a sensitivity of 30,100 nm per refractive index unit, which is the highest for a fiber device to date.
CMOS devices fabricated in thin epitaxial silicon on oxide (2003)

Summary form only given. The SPIRRIT (solid phase isolated regrowth for radiation immune technology) technique utilizes vertical epitaxial growth and lateral overgrowth by the amorphization and regrowth of a deposited silicon film from a seed window cut in an insulating oxide layer. The SPIRRIT process is fully compatible with standard CMOS production equipment and procedures. CMOS devices were fabricated by SPIRRIT on silicon films that were crystallized by an implant amorphization and thermal anneal process. Similar transistors were also fabricated on bulk material for comparison. Comparisons of SPIRRIT and bulk transistor data show that the SPIRRIT material quality approaches that of the bulk devices. Typical hole mobilities in the SPIRRIT material were 100 cm/sup 2//V sec, compared with 145 cm/sup 2//V sec in bulk MOSFETs. Measured device parameters such as oxide breakdown, subthreshold slope, and transistor current drive were somewhat poorer for the SPIRRIT devices, suggesting that device performance will be enhanced with improved material quality. NMOS SPIRRIT devices exhibited excess leakage currents. The NMOS data indicated the existence of a spurious buried n-type layer in the transistor channel.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Real-time magnetic resonance-guided ablation of typical right atrial flutter using a combination of active catheter tracking and passive catheter visualization in man: initial results from a consecutive patient series (2015)

The combination of active catheter tracking and passive real-time visualization in CMR-guided electrophysiologic (EP) studies using advanced interventional hardware and software was safe and enabled efficient navigation, mapping, and ablation. These cases demonstrate significant progress in the development of MR-guided EP procedures.
A Review on the Assessment of Stress Conditions for Simultaneous Production of Microalgal Lipids and Carotenoids (2016)

Microalgal species are potential resource of both biofuels and high-value metabolites, and their production is growth dependent. Growth parameters can be screened for the selection of novel microalgal species that produce molecules of interest. In this context our review confirms that, autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms have demonstrated a dual potential, namely the ability to produce lipids as well as value-added products (particularly carotenoids) under influence of various physico-chemical stresses on microalgae. Some species of microalgae can synthesize, besides some pigments, very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VL-PUFA,>20C) such as docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, those have significant applications in food and health. Producing value-added by-products in addition to biofuels, fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), and lipids has the potential to improve microalgae-based biorefineries by employing either the autotrophic or the heterotrophic mode, which could be an offshoot of biotechnology. The review considers the potential of microalgae to produce a range of products and indicates future directions for developing suitable criteria for choosing novel isolates through bioprospecting large gene pool of microalga obtained from various habitats and climatic conditions.
The Production of Anaphylactic Antibody in the Rat (1964)

Summary The immune response of rats injected in the footpads with protein antigens mixed with Bordetella pertussis organisms or with complete Freund's adjuvant has been investigated. All the animals produced a high concentration of precipitating antibody in a short period of time. A different type of antibody, able to transfer passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and mast cell damage in normal rats, could also be demonstrated in many of the sera of these animals. This anaphylactic antibody appeared early during immunization, was present in low titers, and disappeared from the serum in about 4 weeks. The presence and titer of the anaphylactic antibody did not show any correlation with the concentration of total precipitating antibody. The conditions for passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats, with rat anaphylactic antibody, were investigated. The optimal sensitization required a latent period of 16 hr and persisted at the skin site for many days. The significance of these findings is discussed.
Expression of Transforming Growth Factor β Isoforms and Their Receptors in Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of Soft Tissues (2004)

These findings strongly suggest an association of the TGF-beta ligand/receptor system with a significantly higher MIB-1 index in human MFHs. Investigation of the TGF-beta R1 and -beta R2 coexpression might be useful in predicting tumor behavior of MFHs.
The Transcription Factor ZEB1 Is Aberrantly Expressed in Aggressive Uterine Cancers (2006)

The transcription factor ZEB1 (deltaEF1 in mice) has been implicated in cellular processes during development and tumor progression including epithelial to mesenchymal transition. deltaEF1 null mice die at birth, but heterozygotes expressing a LacZ reporter inserted into the deltaEF1 gene live and reproduce. Using these mice, we observed ZEB1 promoter activity in the virgin myometrium, and stroma and myometrium of the pregnant uterus. ZEB1 protein is up-regulated in the myometrium and endometrial stroma after progesterone or estrogen treatment of ovariectomized mice. In the normal human uterus, ZEB1 protein is increased in the myometrium and stroma during the secretory stage of the menstrual cycle. ZEB1 is not expressed in the normal endometrial epithelium. In malignancies of the uterus, we find that ZEB1 (a) is overexpressed in malignant tumors derived from the myometrium (leiomyosarcomas), (b) is overexpressed in tumor-associated stroma of low-grade endometrioid adenocarcinomas, and (c) is aberrantly expressed in the tumor epithelial cells of aggressive endometrial cancers. Specifically, in grade 3 endometrioid adenocarcinomas and uterine papillary serous carcinomas, ZEB1 could be expressed in the epithelial-derived carcinoma cells as well as in the stroma. In malignant mixed Müllerian tumors, the sarcomatous component always expresses ZEB1, and the carcinomatous component can also be positive. In summary, ZEB1 is normally regulated by both estrogen and progesterone receptors, but in uterine cancers, it is likely no longer under control of steroid hormone receptors and becomes aberrantly expressed in epithelial-derived tumor cells, supporting a role for ZEB1 in epithelial to mesenchymal transitions associated with aggressive tumors.
Resonance Fluorescence from Large Molecules (1972)

In this paper we apply the T matrix formalism of scattering theory to derive general expressions for the absorption cross sections, the cross sections for resonance fluorescence and the emission quantum yields from large molecules in the statistical limit. In the simple case of an isolated molecular resonance both the absorption line shape and the photon scattering cross section exhibit a Lorentzian distribution on the photon energy, the emission quantum yields are distributed among the ground state vibronic levels according to their radiative widths and, most important, the emission quantum yields are independent of the photon energy and of the spectral width of the exciting light. We were able to derive general expressions for the resonance scattering from a pair of overlapping resonances, including radiative corrections to infinite order. The absorption cross section does not vanish in the region of destructive interference but assumes a finite value which depends on the radiative widths. A sharp maximum in the partial and in the total emission quantum yields is exhibited in the destructive interference regions. This general scheme was applied to a pair of zero order discrete states, one of which is optically active, which interact with an optically inactive quasicontinuum. The energy dependent quantum yield depends on the total width of the radiatively impotent state and may exhibit a minimum. We have demonstrated that when interference effects are involved the decay characteristics of this system will differ for coherent and for narrow band excitation. The general formalism was utilized to derive approximate relations for the resonance fluorescence cross sections and for the quantum yield in the case of a Fano absorption line shape which are valid away from the interference region. Finally, we have applied the general theoretical scheme to the case of the direct photodissociation spectrum of molecules. We have demonstrated that a finite energy dependent emission quantum yield will be observed when a molecule is optically pumped into a dissociative continuum.
Prolapse of the Neovagina 40 Years After Vaginoplasty Using Sigmoid Colon Graft: Case Report on a 61-Year-Old Woman (2003)

Although several authors have reported on neovaginal prolapse, the reasons for such prolapse are not understood. We report a rare case of sigmoid neovagina 40 years after operation. A 22-year-old woman with vaginal agenesis underwent vaginoplasty using sigmoid colon. Almost 40 years after initial operation, she came to our hospital complaining of a bearing-down sensation and an increase in vaginal discharge. At vaginal examination, the neovagina protruded approximately 5 cm beyond the hymen, but the apex of the neovagina was not prolapsed. A resection of the redundant neovagina was performed. By histopathologic examination of the excised specimen, we recognized thick colonic mucosa. We diagnosed the prolapsed vagina as hyperplasia of colonic mucosa. Hyperplasia of transplanted colonic epithelium can be a cause of neovaginal prolapse even 40 years after operation.
Dielectric Properties of Beet, Beer Liver, Chicken and Salmon at Frequencies from 100 to 2500 MHz (1987)

The dielectric properties of uncooked beef, beef liver, chicken and salmon meat were measured at frequencies between 100 and 2500 MHz and at selected temperatures between 1.2 degrees C and 65 degrees C. Experimental method and the sample holder are briefly described. The results for the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss factor are presented as a function of frequency at selected temperatures and show a trend consistent with theoretical expectation.