gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development, Synthetic Scope, and Mechanistic Studies of the Palladium-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Functionalized 1,6-Dienes in the Presence of Silane (2000)

A 1:1 mixture of the π-allyl palladium complex (η3-C3H5)Pd(Cl)PCy3 (1a) and NaB[3,5-C6H3(CF3)2]4 in the presence of HSiEt3 catalyzed the cycloisomerization of diethyl diallylmalonate (2b) to form 4,4-dicarbomethoxy-1,2-dimethylcyclopentane (3b) in 98% yield with 98% isomeric purity. The procedure tolerated a range of functionality including esters, ketones, sulfones, protected alcohols, and substitution at the allylic and terminal olefinic carbon atoms. Cycloisomerization of 2b obeyed zero-order kinetics to >3 half-lives with initial formation of 1,1-dicarboethoxy-4-methyl-3-methylenecyclopentane (4b), followed by secondary isomerization to 3b. Deuterium labeling studies revealed that the conversion of 2b to 4b was accompanied by significant H/D exchange, consistent with an addition/elimination pathway coupled with facile H/D exchange of the Pd−H(D) intermediates with free silane.
Calcium‐activated chloride fluxes in cultured NCL‐SG3 sweat gland cells (1995)

The dependence of chloride permeability of the human sweat gland cell line NCL-SG3 cell line on cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2+]i) was investigated. X-ray microanalysis, fura-2 fluorescence and patch clamp methodology were used. Carbachol and A23187 decreased cellular Cl and K for cells grown on permeable supports, but carbachol had no effect on cells grown on impermeable supports. In perforated patch experiments with impermeable supports, ATP and calcium ionophores increased the inward current (ic) whereas carbachol had no effect. ic was unaffected by cation channel blockers or removal of extracellular Na+ but was blocked by chloride channel blockers. Lowering bath Ca2+ decreased ic. On raising bath Ca2+ ic and [Ca2+]i responded with a transient rise which was not blocked by La3+ or D-600. La3+, but not D-600, blocked the entry of Mn2+. K(+)-depolarization and Bay-K-8644 had little effect on [Ca2+]i. The rise in [Ca2+]i may be mediated primarily via depletion operated Ca(2+)-channels. Irrespective of substrate NCL-SG3 cells have a chloride permeability which depends on [Ca2+]i.
Factors in the performance of systems for the production of virtual acoustic environments (1999)

This paper will describe recent progress in the development of systems designed to present, at the ears of a listener, the signals necessary to produce the illusion in the listener of the existence of a ‘‘virtual’’ source of sound. Attention will be restricted to systems which use a relatively small number of loudspeakers whose input signals are determined by optimal processing of the signal to be associated with the virtual source. It will be demonstrated that the form of the sound field produced is crucial to the success of such systems. Emphasis will be given to a system that uses two very closely spaced loudspeakers to transmit a particular form of sound field which most easily produces the iteraural time delay associated with a given virtual source position. Results will be presented of subjective experiments and of numerical simulations of the sound field. Factors determining the system performance will be discussed, particularly with regard to front–back confusions and individual differences in head related transfer functions. It will also be shown that systems using four louspeakers can significantly reduce the degree of front–back confusion even when assuming a relatively simple model of the listener’s HRTF.
Blood transfusion requirement prediction in patients undergoing primary total hip and knee arthroplasty (2007)

The aim of this study was to identify the clinical factors associated with the need for peri-operative blood transfusion in non-anaemic patients undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty. We prospectively evaluated 162 consecutive patients who underwent total hip or knee arthroplasty. Analysis was performed to establish the relationship between all independent variables and the need for postoperative transfusion. Univariate analysis revealed a significant relationship between the need for postoperative blood transfusion and the pre-operative haemoglobin levels (P= 0.001), weight (P= 0.019) and age (P= 0.018). Multivariate analysis identified a significant relationship only between the need for transfusion and the pre-operative haemoglobin level (P= 0.0001). The pre-operative haemoglobin level of the patient was the only variable to independently predict the need for blood transfusion after primary hip or knee arthroplasty.
Adaptive phase-array calibration using MIMO radar clutter (2013)

The goal of this paper is to develop methods for determining the calibrated array weights for uniform linear transmit and receive radar arrays necessary to achieve desired uniform sidelobe performance. The ability of current radar systems to suppress sidelobe clutter and interference is seriously limited by miscalibration of antenna array gain and phase due to non-ideal antenna and near-field scattering characteristics, both at the receive and transmit phased-arrays. At best, current calibration methods perform only receive array calibration using a limited number of discrete sources. The objective of this paper is to perform joint transmit and receive array calibration using ground backscatter returns from MIMO radar illumination.
Relapsing Polychondritis (1986)

To define the natural history of relapsing polychondritis, the probability of survival and causes of death were determined in 112 patients seen at one institution. By using covariate analysis, early clinical manifestations were identified that predicted mortality. The 5- and 10-year probabilities of survival after diagnosis were 74% and 55%, respectively. The most frequent causes of death were infection, systemic vasculitis, and malignancy. Only 10% of the deaths could be attributed to airway involvement by chondritis. Anemia at diagnosis was a marker for decreased survival in the entire group. There was an interaction between other disease variables and age in determining their impact on outcome. For patients less than 51 years old, saddle-nose deformity and systemic vasculitis were the worst prognostic signs. For older patients, only anemia predicted outcome. The need for corticosteroid therapy did not influence survival.
Analysis of Fixed-Time Control (2014)

A network of signalized intersections is modeled as a queuing network. The intersections are regulated by fixed-time (FT) controls, all with the same cycle length or period, $T$. Vehicles arrive from outside the network at entry links in a deterministic periodic stream, also with period $T$, make turns at intersections in fixed proportions, and eventually leave the network. Vehicles take a fixed time to travel along each link, and at the end of the link they join a queue. There is a separate queue at each intersection for each movement. The storage capacity of the queues is infinite, so there is no spill back. The state of the network at time $t$ is the vector $x(t)$ of all queue lengths, together with the position of vehicles traveling along the links. The state evolves according to a delay-differential equation. Suppose the network is stable, that is, $x(t)$ is bounded. Then (1) there exists a unique periodic trajectory $x^*(t)$, with period $T$; (2) every trajectory converges to this periodic trajectory; (3) if vehicles do not follow loops, the convergence occurs in finite time. The periodic trajectory determines the performance of the entire network.
Dynamic behavior of a Josephson latching comparator for use in a high-speed analog-to-digital converter (1987)

A Josephson latching comparator for use in an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter has been designed and experimentally investigated. A novel on-chip waveform sampling system is presented; this was used to measure the dynamic behavior of a single comparator circuit. The circuits are fabricated with a modified lead-alloy process. Results obtained using this system are compared with simulations and the two are shown to be in good agreement. An A/D converter is proposed in which an array of comparators is used to-quantize rapidly changing input waveforms. A simple encoding scheme is presented which generates a natural-binary representation of the analog input.
Separation of Epidermal Tissue from Underlying Dermis and Primary Keratinocyte Culture (2003)

The epidermis shares many structural similarities to other epithelia throughout the body. All epithelia function as a barrier protecting the internal organs. The epidermis of the skin protects the exterior of the body, whereas other forms of epithelia line the airways, blood vessels, and gastrointestinal, urinary, and reproductive tracts. Some glandular epithelia secret substances such as sweat, mucus, and hormones. All epithelia are avascular and consist of closely packed cells, which are tightly attached to one another via cell junctions. This tight structure allows all epithelia to closely regulate the movement of materials such as ions, nutrients, and secretory products (,).
The proteasome deubiquitinase inhibitor VLX1570 shows selectivity for ubiquitin-specific protease-14 and induces apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells (2016)

Inhibition of deubiquitinase (DUB) activity is a promising strategy for cancer therapy. VLX1570 is an inhibitor of proteasome DUB activity currently in clinical trials for relapsed multiple myeloma. Here we show that VLX1570 binds to and inhibits the activity of ubiquitin-specific protease-14 (USP14) in vitro, with comparatively weaker inhibitory activity towards UCHL5 (ubiquitin-C-terminal hydrolase-5). Exposure of multiple myeloma cells to VLX1570 resulted in thermostabilization of USP14 at therapeutically relevant concentrations. Transient knockdown of USP14 or UCHL5 expression by electroporation of siRNA reduced the viability of multiple myeloma cells. Treatment of multiple myeloma cells with VLX1570 induced the accumulation of proteasome-bound high molecular weight polyubiquitin conjugates and an apoptotic response. Sensitivity to VLX1570 was moderately affected by altered drug uptake, but was unaffected by overexpression of BCL2-family proteins or inhibitors of caspase activity. Finally, treatment with VLX1570 was found to lead to extended survival in xenograft models of multiple myeloma. Our findings demonstrate promising antiproliferative activity of VLX1570 in multiple myeloma, primarily associated with inhibition of USP14 activity.
Circadian photoreception: ageing and the eye's important role in systemic health (2008)

Non-visual retinal ganglion photoreceptor responses to bright, properly timed light exposures help assure effective circadian photoentrainment and optimal diurnal physiological processes. Circadian photoreception can persist in visually blind individuals if retinal ganglion cell photoreceptors and their suprachiasmatic connections are intact. Retinal illumination decreases with ageing due to pupillary miosis and reduced crystalline lens light transmission especially of short wavelengths. Inadequate environmental light and/or ganglion photoreception can cause circadian disruption, increasing the risk of insomnia, depression, numerous systemic disorders and possibly early mortality. Artificial lighting is dimmer and less blue-weighted than natural daylight, contributing to age-related losses in unconscious circadian photoreception. Optimal intraocular lens design should consider the spectral requirements of both conscious and unconscious retinal photoreception.
Origin of Marine Fatty Acids. I. Analyses of the Fatty Acids Produced by the Diatom<i>Skeletonema costatum</i> (1964)

Analysis of the fatty acid composition of a marine diatom, Skeletonema costatum, shows that the longer-chain highly unsaturated fatty acids characteristic of fish lipids can be produced by some phytoplankton as well as through intermediary zooplankton. Comparison of cultures of various degrees of maturity indicates that the fatty acid composition of mature cultures in laboratory experiments is not necessarily typical of pelagic diatoms. The origin of atypical C 16 -polyunsaturated fatty acids is discussed.
Increased expression and DNA-binding activity of transcription factor Sp1 in doxorubicin-resistant HL-60 leukemia cells. (1990)

The processes responsible for the multidrug-resistant (Mdr) phenotype in Adriamycin (doxorubicin)-resistant HL-60 leukemia cells (HL-60/AR) are not defined. Since enhanced transcription of resistance-related proteins is associated with Mdr cells, we sought to determine whether changes in the expression of specific transcription factors were a feature characteristic of the Mdr process. Nuclear extracts were prepared from wild-type and resistant cells and compared for their ability to bind DNA consensus sequences for the transcription factors Sp1 and NF kappa B contained in the 5' long terminal repeat region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Southwestern (DNA-protein) blots showed a family of DNA-binding proteins of 105 kilodaltons (kDa) that were present only in HL-60/AR cells. Competitive gel shift assays indicated that these factors were related to transcription factor Sp1, and immunoblotting with an Sp1 antibody identified this factor as Sp1. DNase footprinting of the promoter region in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 5' long terminal repeat showed that protection occurred at two Sp1 sites as well as two NF kappa B sites and the trans-acting region with nuclear extracts only from resistant cells. Preliminary evidence also suggests that phosphorylation may play a negative regulatory role in the activity of Sp1, since calf intestine alkaline phosphatase stimulated the DNA-binding activity of Sp1 in vitro. These results indicate that HL-60/AR cells contain an abundance of DNA-binding proteins, particularly Sp1, which probably interact with other cis-acting regulatory proteins in a cooperative manner.
Phosphoprotein Partitioning in Metal-Affinity Aqueous Two-Phase Systems and Prediction of partitioning Behavior (1994)

Fe(III) IDA -PEG/ dextran 액 이상 분계 시스템에서 phosphoprotein의 분배 예측을 위한 모델식이 유도되었다. 본 모델식에는 단백칠 분배에 수소이온과 hydroxide 이온의 저해효과가 포함되어 었다. 표변에 각각 1,27~의 phosphoryl 그 룹을 갖고 있는 ovalbumin의 AI, A2, 성분을 정제한 후 단백질 분배 실험을 수행하였으며 실 험결과와 모텔식에의한 예측이 잘 얼치하는 것 을 확인하였다. Fe(III)IDA-PEG와 단백질 표면 p phosphoryl group과의 결합상수는 PEG 상과 dextran상에 셔 각각 6.1x103M-1 and 2.3x104M-1 이었으며,이것은 Cu(II)IDA-PEG와 단백질 표면 histidine과의 결합상수 보다 3-5배 높은 값이 였 다.
A multimode/multiband envelope tracking transmitter with broadband saturated power amplifier (2011)

A multimode/multiband envelope tracking (ET) transmitter consisting of a hybrid switching amplifier (HSA) and a broadband saturated power amplifier (PA) is developed across 1.3 to 2.7 GHz. For the various standard signals with different bandwidth and peak-to-average power ratio, the HSA efficiently provides a supply signal to the PA by changing the reference value of the hysteresis comparator. The broadband saturated PA, taking advantage of a nonlinear output capacitor to shape the voltage waveform, is implemented based on load/source-pull methodology. Broadband matching networks for the high efficiency are synthesized by simplified real frequency technique. For the bandwidth from 1.3 to 2.7 GHz (70% fractional bandwidth), the measured output power, drain efficiency, and power-added efficiency (PAE) performances are between 39.8-42.0 dBm, 55.8-69.7%, and 51.2-65.3%, respectively. The ET transmitter is demonstrated at 1.8425-GHz long-term evolution (LTE), 2.14-GHz wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA), and 2.6-GHz mobile world wide interoperability for microwave access (m-WiMAX) applications. It delivers the PAE of 32.16, 37.24, and 28.75% for LTE, WCDMA, and m-WiMAX applications, which are improved by 3.1, 4.2, and 1.7%, respectively.
RESEARCH ON VIDEO-BASED HUMAN BODY MOTION TRACKING (2007)

The video-based motion capture system uses cheap equipments, like digital cameras and personal computers, to track a human motion without any sensors or markers attached to the body. This topic has a wide application in areas such as smart surveillance, human computer interaction and athletic performance analysis etc., and it becomes a hot topic of computer vision in recent years. Because of the complexity of the problem and lack of comprehension of human vision system essence, visual tracking is still hard in computer vision.
The multiple personalities of Watson and Crick strands (2011)

This article was reviewed by John M. Logsdon, Igor B. Rogozin (nominated by Andrey Rzhetsky), and William Martin.
Design, Analysis, and Implementation of a Novel Biochemical Pathway for Ethylene Glycol Production in <i>Clostridium autoethanogenum</i> (2022)

The platform chemical ethylene glycol (EG) is used to manufacture various commodity chemicals of industrial importance, but largely remains synthesized from fossil fuels. Although several novel metabolic pathways have been reported for its bioproduction in model organisms, none has been reported for gas-fermenting, non-model acetogenic chassis organisms. Here, we describe a novel, synthetic biochemical pathway to convert acetate into EG in the industrially important gas-fermenting acetogen,<i>Clostridium autoethanogenum</i>. We not only developed a computational workflow to design and analyze hundreds of novel biochemical pathways for EG production but also demonstrated a successful pathway construction in the chosen host. The EG production was achieved using a two-plasmid system to bypass unfeasible expression levels and potential toxic enzymatic interactions. Although only a yield of 0.029 g EG/g fructose was achieved and therefore requiring further strain engineering efforts to optimize the designed strain, this work demonstrates an important proof-of-concept approach to computationally design and experimentally implement fully synthetic metabolic pathways in a metabolically highly specific, non-model host organism.
Transfer hydrogenation of levulinic acid under hydrothermal conditions catalyzed by sulfate as a temperature-switchable base (2010)

It is demonstrated that transfer hydrogenation from formic acid to levulinic acid under hydrothermal conditions can be catalyzed by bases, but also by simple sodium sulfate. The action of salt addition could be clarified and ascribed to the changing dissociation constants at high temperature. This renders sulfate a temperature-switchable base in hydrothermal syntheses. Using such salts can help in preventing waste, as neutralization after reaction is not necessary. By optimizing the reaction conditions, the yield of γ-valerolactone, a sustainable biofuel molecule, could be raised to 12% for a simple passage through a capillary flow reactor with a residence time of less than 20 min.
New Strategy for Antedrug Application:  Development of Metalloproteinase Inhibitors as Antipsoriatic Drugs (2002)

Phosphonamide-based inhibitors were synthesized and evaluated for the inhibitory activities against the shedding of epidermal growth factors, amphiregulin and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor, that would participate in the development of psoriasis. All compounds exhibited excellent inhibitory activities for these EGF sheddings; however, they also inhibited matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). To avoid adverse effects reported by the clinical development of MMP inhibitors, the antedrug concept was introduced. Among the phosphonamide inhibitors, the 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ester 8d and 2,2-difluoroethyl ester 8c showed rapid decomposition in human plasma, which is an essential property for the antedrug. Topical applications of these compounds significantly suppressed TPA-induced epidermal hyperplasia in murin skin, a model of psoriasis. These results suggested that the phosphonamide-based inhibitors have a therapeutic potential for the treatment of psoriasis as an antedrug application.
Multi-bit time division multiplexed optical sensors based on the Fabry-Perot principle (1993)

A multi-bit passive all-optical sensor design concept, based on the Fabry-Perot principle is presented. The multi-bit sensor concept has been verified by designing a 2-bit (two binary digits), all-optical temperature sensor. A sensor prototype has been designed, constructed, and evaluated. It is shown that the received codewords can be detected with better than 1 degrees C of codeword transition accuracy, if the spurious signals at the decision threshold are limited within a 2dB window. An intensity referencing scheme to achieve further improvements is also proposed. A time division multiplexing scheme (TDM), which minimizes the power requirements per sensor array and facilitates cost-effective digit regeneration for remote monitoring over long distance, has been derived and evaluated. The TDM system power budget is presented, and trade-offs between various system parameters are evaluated. It is shown that up to 168 (2-bit) sensors per array may be multiplexed for a power margin of 65 dB.
Virulence of an aspergillopepsin-deficient mutant of<i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>and evidence for another aspartic proteinase linked to the fungal cell wall (1997)

A gene replacement was performed to produce mutants of Aspergillus fumigatus deficient in the aspergillopepsin PEP (E.C. 3.4.23.18). The correct replacement of the PEP gene was confirmed by PCR and Southern hybridization experiments, whereas the absence of PEP production was demonstrated by Western blots. The culture supernatant of the transformants showed no detectable acid proteinase activity, suggesting that there is only one acid proteinase secreted by the fungus. The wild-type strain and the PEP-deficient mutants invaded tissues to a similar extent and produced comparable mortality in guinea pigs. As PEP represents a third secretory proteinase of A. fumigatus and the other two proteinases also did not show significant influence on fungal invasiveness, it is probable that secreted proteinases do not contribute decisively to tissue invasion in the pathogenesis of systemic aspergillosis. However, immunofluorescence on A. fumigatus colonies using polyclonal antibodies to PEP showed a similar pattern for the wild-type and for the mutants, with a bright fluorescence on young conidiophores, on submerged mycelium and on the tips of growing aerial mycelium. Conidia and mature aerial hyphae were not fluorescent. This pattern could reflect the existence of another crossreacting aspartic proteinase (PEP2) which was found to be sensitive to pepstatin but tightly linked to the fungal cell wall.
<i>Gnathotrichus sulcatus</i> : Synergistic Response to Enantiomers of the Aggregation Pheromone Sulcatol (1976)

In laboratory and field bioassays, Gnathotrichus sulcatus responded to sulcatol (6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol) only when both enantiomers were present. Response was greater to racemic sulcatol than to a mixture (65 : 35) of S-(+) and R-(-) enantiomers, the naturally occurring isomeric ratio. Enantiomer-specific active sites on receptor proteins in the same or different cells are implicated.