gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of α-Glucosyltransferase from<i>Pseudomonas mesoacidophila</i>MX-45 (1994)

alpha-Glucosyltransferase was purified from Pseudomonas mesoacidophila MX-45. The molecular weight was estimated to be 63,000 by SDS-PAGE, and the isoelectric point was pI 5.4. For enzyme activity based on sucrose decomposition, the optimum pH and the optimum temperature were pH 5.8 and 40 degrees C, respectively. The ranges of stable pH and temperature were pH 5.1-6.7 and below 40 degrees C, respectively. The purified enzyme of MX-45 converted sucrose into trehalulose (1-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl- D-fructose) and isomaltulose (palatinose, 6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructose) simultaneously, and the ratio of trehalulose to isomaltulose increased at lower reaction temperatures. Therefore, optimum conditions for trehalulose production were pH 5.5-6.5 at 20 degrees C. The yield of trehalulose from sucrose (20-40% solution) was 91%. The Km for sucrose was 19.2 +/- 3.3 mM estimated by the Hanes-Woolf plot. Product inhibition was observed, and the product inhibition constant was 0.17 M. Hg2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Mg2+, Ag+, Pb2+, glucono-1,5-lactone, and Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane inhibited the reaction.
Prostatic human kallikrein 2 inactivates and complexes with plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (1999)

Human kallikrein 2 (hK2) is a serine protease expressed predominantly in the prostate which has 80% homology to prostate-specific antigen (PSA). hK2 is an active trypsin-like protease which has been shown by immuno-histochemical staining to be more highly expressed in prostate carcinoma than in benign prostate tissue. Unlike PSA, hK2 activates pro-PSA , pro-hK2 and the zymogen form of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), an extracellular protease correlated with prostate cancer and metastasis. We show here that hK2 rapidly forms a complex with plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), the primary inhibitor of uPA in tissues. In addition, hK2 inactivated 6 to 7 mol of PAI-1 by cleavage at Arg346-Met347 for every mole of hK2–PAI-1 complex formed. In contrast with hK2, PSA neither complexed with nor inactivated PAI-1. PAI-1 inhibited hK2 comparably with protein C inhibitor (PCI) and at least 20 times more rapidly than α1-anti-chymotrypsin (ACT). N-Terminal sequencing shows that hK2 forms a covalent complex with PAI-1, PCI and ACT after cleavage at Arg346-Met347, Arg354-Ser355 and Leu358-Ser359, respectively. During complex formation, hK2 inactivated PAI-1 but did not inactivate ACT or PCI. Our current results suggest that the increased hK2 expression in prostate cancer tissues could influence cancer biology not only by activation of uPA but also by inactivation of its primary inhibitor, PAI-1. Int. J. Cancer 81:438–442, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Injection Molded PEM Fuel Cell Bipolar Plates Structure (2008)

Using a three-dimensional computational model, numerical simulations are performed to investigate the performance characteristics of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) incorporating either a conventional straight gas flow channel or a novel wave-like channel. The simulations focus particularly on the effect of the wave-like surface on the gas flow characteristics, the temperature distribution, the electrochemical reaction efficiency and the electrical performance of the PEMFCs at operating temperatures ranging from 323~343 K. The numerical results reveal that the wave-like surface enhances the transport of the reactant gases through the porous layer, improves the convective heat transfer effect, increases the gas flow velocity, and yields a more uniform temperature distribution. As a result, the efficiency of the catalytic reaction is significantly improved. Consequently, compared to a conventional PEMFC, the PEMFC with a wave-like channel yields a notably higher output voltage and power density.
A new genus of telonychopodine millipeds from Brazil (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae) (2002)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Evaluation of alkaline phosphatase‐ and digoxigenin‐labelled probes for detection of the thermolabile hemolysin (<i>tlh</i>) gene of<i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> (1999)

The biochemical identification and enumeration of Vibrio parahaemolyticus as described in the FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual is expensive and labour-intensive. To reduce the time and effort necessary to verify the identity of V. parahaemolyticus, the use of a thermolabile haemolysin (tlh) gene probe is proposed. An alkaline phosphatase (AP)-labelled probe was evaluated for specificity against 26 strains of V. parahaemolyticus, 88 strains of other Vibrio species and 10 strains of non-vibrio species. Of the 124 isolates tested, the probe hybridized only with the 26 strains of V. parahaemolyticus, indicating species specificity. Two hundred and six suspect V. parahaemolyticus isolates from oysters were tested by this probe and API-20E diagnostic strips; there was 97% agreement between results. A digoxigenin (DIG)-labelled probe for detection of the tlh gene fragment was prepared by PCR and compared with the AP-labelled probe. When tested on 584 suspect V. parahaemolyticus isolates, results obtained with the AP- and DIG-labelled probes were in 98% agreement. These results suggest that the probes are equivalent for detection of the V. parahaemolyticus tlh gene.
A Digital Electronic Correlator (1950)

The relation between correlation functions and the general theory of communication is presented, and this relation leads to a technique for electronic computation of correlation functions and to the design of a machine for carrying out the computation. Because of the requirements of great accuracy and long storage, the machine makes use of binary digital techniques for storage, multiplication, and integration. Descriptions of the more unusual circuits in the machine are given, and circuit diagrams are included. A number of experimental results obtained by the machine are presented.
Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Imines and Iminiums Catalyzed by a Water‐Soluble Catalyst in Water. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Tyrosine formation from phenylalanine by ultraviolet irradiation. (1990)

When phenylalanine was irradiated at ultraviolet (UV) light, p-tyrosine, m-tyrosine and o-tyrosine were identified as hydroxylated products. From p-tyrosine and m-tyrosine, the formation of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) was observed. The hydroxylation of phenylalanine was prevented by radical scavengers, e.g., catalase, superoxide dismutase, sodium thiocyanate, mannitol, potassium iodide and thiourea. Replacement of air with nitrogen gas prevented the hydroxylation, but did not depress it completely. The addition of H2O2 increased significantly the hydroxylation of phenylalanine. These results suggest that the hydroxylation of phenylalanine by UV irradiation may be caused by .OH formed during the decomposition of H2O.
Frequency Dependence of Low-Voltage Electrowetting Investigated by Impedance Spectroscopy (2017)

An electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) electrode was developed that facilitates the use of low alternating voltages (≤5 V<sub>AC</sub>). This allows online investigation of the frequency dependence of electrowetting by means of impedance spectroscopy. The EWOD electrode is based on a dielectric bilayer consisting of an anodic tantalum pentoxide (Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) thin film (d = 59.35 nm) with a high relative permittivity (ε<sub>d</sub> = 26.3) and a self-assembled hydrophobic silane monolayer. The frequency dependence of electrowetting was studied using an aqueous μL-sized sessile droplet on the planar EWOD electrode in oil. Experiments using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and optical imaging indicate the frequency dependence of all three variables in the Young-Lippmann equation: the voltage drop across the dielectric layers, capacitance per unit area, and contact angle under voltage. The electrowetting behavior induced by AC voltages is shown to be well described by the Young-Lippmann equation for AC applications below a frequency threshold. Moreover, the dielectric layers act as a capacitor and the stored electrostatic potential energy is revealed to only partially contribute to the electrowetting.
Banked Fascia Lata as an Orbital Floor Implant (1993)

Synthetic orbital floor implants carry the risk of infection, rejection, anterior migration with prolapse, and posterior migration with optic nerve compression. Banked irradiated homologous fascia lata has been used as an orbital floor implant in the repair of 18 patients with surgically indicated orbital floor fractures. All patients had improvement in diplopia. There was no infection, anterior migration, or posterior migration of the implant. There was no reported transmission of communicable diseases. Early results suggest that banked irradiated fascia can be used effectively and safely as an orbital floor implant in selected cases.
Correction of Feline Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency with Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype 1-Mediated Gene Transfer of the Lipoprotein Lipase S447X Beneficial Mutation (2006)

Human lipoprotein lipase (hLPL) deficiency, for which there currently exists no adequate treatment, leads to excessive plasma triglycerides (TGs), recurrent abdominal pain, and life-threatening pancreatitis. We have shown that a single intramuscular administration of adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype 1 vector, encoding the human LPL(S447X) variant, results in complete, long-term normalization of dyslipidemia in LPL(/) mice. As a prelude to gene therapy for human LPL deficiency, we tested the efficacy of AAV1-LPL(S447X) in LPL(/) cats, which demonstrate hypertriglyceridemia (plasma TGs, >10,000 mg/dl) and clinical symptoms similar to LPL deficiency in humans, including pancreatitis. Male LPL(/) cats were injected intramuscularly with saline or AAV1-LPL(S447X) (1 x 10(11)-1.7 x 10(12) genome copies [GC]/kg), combined with oral doses of cyclophosphamide (0-200 mg/m(2) per week) to inhibit an immune response against hLPL. Within 3-7 days after administration of >or=5 x 10(11) GC of AAV1-LPL(S447X) per kilogram, the visible plasma lipemia was completely resolved and plasma TG levels were reduced by >99% to normal levels (10-20 mg/dl); intermediate efficacy (95% reduction) was achieved with 1 x 10(11) GC/kg. Injection in two sites, greatly limiting the amount of transduced muscle, was sufficient to completely correct the dyslipidemia. By varying the dose per site, linear LPL expression was demonstrated over a wide range of local doses (4 x 10(10)-1 x 10(12) GC/site). However, efficacy was transient, because of an anti-hLPL immune response blunting LPL expression. The level and duration of efficacy were significantly improved with cyclophosphamide immunosuppression. We conclude that AAV1-mediated delivery of LPL(S447X) in muscle is an effective means to correct the hypertriglyceridemia associated with feline LPL deficiency.
High resolution 1280×1024, 15 μm pitch compact InSb IR detector with on-chip ADC (2009)

Over the last decade, SCD has developed and manufactured high quality InSb Focal Plane Arrays (FPAs), which are currently used in many applications worldwide. SCD's production line includes many different types of InSb FPA with formats of 320x256, 480x384 and 640x512 elements and with pitch sizes in the range of 15 to 30 μm. All these FPAs are available in various packaging configurations, including fully integrated Detector-Dewar-Cooler Assemblies (DDCA) with either closed-cycle Sterling or open-loop Joule-Thomson coolers. With an increasing need for higher resolution, SCD has recently developed a new large format 2-D InSb detector with 1280x1024 elements and a pixel size of 15μm. The InSb 15μm pixel technology has already been proven at SCD with the "Pelican" detector (640x512 elements), which was introduced at the Orlando conference in 2006. A new signal processor was developed at SCD for use in this mega-pixel detector. This Readout Integrated Circuit (ROIC) is designed for, and manufactured with, 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The migration from 0.5 to 0.18 μm CMOS technology supports SCD's roadmap for the reduction of pixel size and power consumption and is in line with the increasing demand for improved performance and on-chip functionality. Consequently, the new ROIC maintains the same level of performance and functionality with a 15 μm pitch, as exists in our 20 μm-pitch ROICs based on 0.5μm CMOS technology. Similar to Sebastian (SCD ROIC with A/D on chip), this signal processor also includes A/D converters on the chip and demonstrates the same level of performance, but with reduced power consumption. The pixel readout rate has been increased up to 160 MHz in order to support a high frame rate, resulting in 120 Hz operation with a window of 1024×1024 elements at ~130 mW. These A/D converters on chip save the need for using 16 A/D channels on board (in the case of an analog ROIC) which would operate at 10 MHz and consume about 8Watts A Dewar has been designed with a stiffened detector support to withstand harsh environmental conditions with a minimal contribution to the heat load of the detector. The combination of the 0.18μm-based low power CMOS technology for the ROIC and the stiffening of the detector support within the Dewar has enabled the use of the Ricor K508 cryo-cooler (0.5 W). This has created a high-resolution detector in a very compact package. In this paper we present the basic concept of the new detector. We will describe its construction and will present electrical and radiometric characterization results.
Naturally Occurring Exosome Vesicles as Potential Delivery Vehicle for Bioactive Compounds (2019)

Various kinds of vesicles have been produced from plant, animal and inorganic materials for use as delivery vehicles especially in functional food formulation. However, major drawbacks associated with most of them include issues with sustainability, safety, biocompatibility, biorecognition, stability, bioavailability, bioadhesion, generation of reactive species, inefficient encapsulation and protection, and inability to release the bioactive compounds at target regions of the gastrointestinal tract. The use of vesicles innately formed in plant and animal cells as delivery agents would potentially solve most problems associated with the existing nanodelivery systems. Underutilized vesicles, known as exosomes, exist in plant and animal cells, where they play roles in cell communication and nutrient delivery. To date, exosomes have proven to be stable, biocompatible and able to withstand the activity of digestive enzymes until they reach their target locations. However, there is a need to explore better ways of inducing exosome production, to elucidate their physiological roles, and understand their biogenesis in plants, to discover sustainable methods of isolation of high yields of the vesicles. There is also a need to clarify the digestibility and interaction of the exosomes with blood and gastrointestinal fluids. This review highlights the isolation techniques and delivery potential of exosomes, and equally presents research gaps for enhancing the use of the natural vesicles for delivery purposes.
Full virtualization on low-end hardware: A case study (2016)

Most hypervisors today rely either on (1) full virtualization on high-end hardware (i.e., hardware with virtualization extensions), (2) paravirtualization, or (3) both. These, however, do not fulfill embedded systems' requirements, or require legacy software to be modified. Full virtualization on low-end hardware (i.e., hardware without virtualization extensions), on the other end, has none of those disadvantages. However, it is often claimed that it is not feasible due to an unacceptably high virtualization overhead. We were, nevertheless, unable to find real-world quantitative results supporting those claims.
The design of trellis codes for fading channels (1987)

The appropriate criterion for optimum trellis coded modulation design on the additive white Gaussian noise channel is maximization of the free Euclidean distance. When trellis coded modulation is used on a Rician fading channel with interleaving/deinterleaving, the design of the code for optimum performance is guided by other factors, in particular the length of the shortest error event path, and the product of branch distances (possibly normalized by the Euclidean distance of the path) along that path. Although maximum free distance (d sub free) is still an important consideration, it plays a less significant role the more severe the fading is on the channel. These considerations lead to the definition of a new distance measure for optimization of trellis codes transmitted over Rician fading channels. If no interleaving/deinterleaving is used, then once again the design of the trellis code is guided by maximizing d sub free. It is also shown that allowing for multiple symbols per trellis branch, i.e., multiple trellis coded modulation (MTCM), provides an additional degree of freedom for designing a code to meet the above optimization criteria on the fading channel. It is here where the MTCM technique exploits its full potential.
Biosynthesis of Peptidoglycan in Gaffkya homari, The Mode of Action of Penicillin G and Mecillinam. The Mode of Action of Penicillin G and Mecillinam (1976)

The effect of the β-lactam antibiotics penicillin G and mecillinam on the incorporation of peptidoglycan into pre-formed cell wall peptidoglycan was studied with wall membrane enzyme preparations from Gaffkya homari. Using UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GIcNAc) and UDP-N-acetylmuramyl-pentapeptide (UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide) as precursors the incorporation of peptidoglycan into the pre-existing cell wall of G. homari was inhibited to an extent of 50% (ID50 value) at a concentration of 0.25 μg of penicillin G/ml. With UDP-GIcNAc and UDP-MurNAc-tetrapeptide as precursors the ID50 value was about 2500-fold greater (630 μg/ml). The inhibition by penicillin G of the incorporation of peptidoglycan from UDP-MurNAc-[14C]Lys-pentapeptide could be overcome by addition of non-radioactive UDP-MurNAc-tetrapeptide to the incubation mixture. In the presence of 5 μg of penicillin G/ml the incorporation of peptidoglycan formed from the mixture of UDP-MurNAc-Ala-DGlu-Lys-D[14C]Ala-D[14C]Ala and non-radioactive UDP-MurNAc-tetrapeptide proceeded virtually without release of D-[14C]alanine by transpeptidase activity. The enzyme preparation also exhibited DD-carboxypeptidase activity which was only slightly more sensitive to penicillin G and mecillinam than was the incorporation of peptidoglycan into the cell wall. Since the ID50 values for the β-lactam antibiotics are similar to the concentrations required to inhibit the growth of G. homari to an extent of 50%, the dd-carboxypeptidase must be the killing site of both penicillin G and mecillinam.
Needle-shaped silicon carbide nanowires: Synthesis and field electron emission properties (2002)

Bunches of needle-shaped silicon carbide (SiC) nanowires were grown from commercially available SiC powders in thermal evaporation process and using iron as catalyst. Their structure and chemical composition were studied by Raman spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The powder of these nanowires may be easily dispersed, and was used to form samples of field electron emitters. The needle shape of individual nanowires is well-suited to field electron emission. Stable emission with current density of 30.8 mA/cm2 was observed at fields as low as 9.6 V/μm, and current density of up to 83 mA/cm2 was recorded.
Image indexing and retrieval using image-derived, geometrically and illumination invariant features (2003)

We propose novel image-derived features for image indexing and retrieval in digital library applications. The new features capture the intrinsic geometry and color properties of an imaged object. That is, these features are insensitive to the change of an object's appearance due to incidental environmental factors such as rigid motion, affine shape deformation, changes of parameterization and scene illumination, and view point change. Recording both intrinsic shape and color information of an imaged object, these features allow the similarity between two objects to be accurately measured. Hence, they can be used to index objects of the same class with similar appearance (e.g., different airplanes) instead of objects of different classes (e.g., airplanes vs. automobiles).
Plasma Actuators for Separation Control of Low Pressure Turbine Blades (2003)

This work involves the documentation and control of flow separation that occurs over turbine blades in the low-pressure-turbine (LPT) stage at the low Reynolds numbers typical of high-altitude cruise. We utilize a specially constructed linear cascade that is designed to study the flowfield over a generic LPT cascade consisting of Pratt and Whitney Pak B shaped blades. The center blade in the cascade is instrumented to measure the surface-pressure coefficient distribution. Optical access allows laser-Doppler-velocimetry measurements for boundary-layer profiles. Experimental conditions were chosen to give a range of chord Reynolds numbers from 10 4 to 10 5 , and a range of freestream turbulence levels from u'/U∞ = 0.08 to 2.85%. The surface-pressure measurements were used to define a region of separation and reattachment that depends on the freestream conditions
Wide I/O Dram Architecture Utilizing Proximity Communication (2009)

The bandwidth and power consumption of dynamic random access memory, used as the main memory of a computer system, impacts the computer’s execution rate even with the existence of a memory hierarchy. DRAM manufacturers focus on density increases due to the innate price per bit decline of main memory while processor manufacturers continually focus on boosting performance by increasing the number of instructions completed per second. This leads to a performance gap between the microprocessor and DRAM. Proximity communication promises to increase the I/O density of DRAM products while reducing the power consumption of the main memory system. This thesis develops and discusses the design of a memory system employing 4 Gb DRAM chips with a 64-bit wide communication bus using proximity communication. Technological roadblocks are analyzed and novel solutions are proposed. The proposed 4 Gb DRAM architecture can reduce the power consumption of a main memory system by 50% while increasing the bandwidth by 100%. The 4 Gb chip developed in this thesis measures 68.88 mm2 and has an array efficiency of 59.9%. These estimates are comparable to the 2012 International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors’ estimates of 74 mm2 and 56%, respectfully.
A multiband lumped-element varactor-tuned Gunn oscillator (1977)

MANY IMPROVEMENTS have been made in the instantaneous and tuning bandwidths of certain microwave components in the past few years. In general, these improvements can bc directly attributed to circuit simplifications involving: elimination of dispersive transmission media, whenever possible, crimination of distributed components of dimensions that arc appreciable fractions of a wavelength, and replacement of these: elements with lumped or nearly lumped tuning and matching elements. This paper will describe a varactor-tuned Gunn oscillator which was designed with these factors considered of utmost importance in the overall design.