gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ENPP1-Fc prevents mortality and vascular calcifications in rodent model of generalized arterial calcification of infancy (2015)

Diseases of ectopic calcification of the vascular wall range from lethal orphan diseases such as generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI), to common diseases such as hardening of the arteries associated with aging and calciphylaxis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). GACI is a lethal orphan disease in which infants calcify the internal elastic lamina of their medium and large arteries and expire of cardiac failure as neonates, while calciphylaxis of CKD is a ubiquitous vascular calcification in patients with renal failure. Both disorders are characterized by vascular Mönckeburg's sclerosis accompanied by decreased concentrations of plasma inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi). Here we demonstrate that subcutaneous administration of an ENPP1-Fc fusion protein prevents the mortality, vascular calcifications and sequela of disease in animal models of GACI, and is accompanied by a complete clinical and biomarker response. Our findings have implications for the treatment of rare and common diseases of ectopic vascular calcification.
Shallow Structure of Black Sea: Structure (1974)

Gravity, magnetic, and seismic reflection data indicate that recent subsidence in the Black Sea has been associated with faulting along the southern, eastern, and northern parts of the basin. In contrast, the western margin appears to have been tectonically quiet during subsidence. A large, positive Bouguer anomaly is typical of most of the Black Sea, and free-air anomalies are usually negative. Local patterns in the gravity field suggest a separate structure for the eastern and western parts of the basin. Along most of the near-coastal parts of the sea, local variations of the gravity anomalies correlate with topography and subsurface structures displayed by the seismic profiles; in deeper water and in the southeast corner of the basin, there is no obvious correlation. T e residual magnetic field generally parallels the surrounding Caucasus and Pontic Mountains, suggesting that these structures extend partly into the Black Sea. The southern and eastern slope of the Black Sea is characterized by a shallow basement deeply entrenched by numerous channels. In contrast, the basin slope along the northwestern side is relatively smooth, indicating little tectonic activity and a long period of sedimentation. The transition from the basin slope to basin apron on the south and east side of the Black Sea is generally abrupt; slumps and slides commonly are present at the base of the slope. In the eastern part of the basin the transition from basin slope to apron is more gentle. Most of the basin apron and the abyssal plain in the center of the Black Sea are characterized by horizontal layers that can be traced for hundreds of kilometers. South of the Crimea, these layers are disrupted by small, nearly vertical, normal f ults. This fault zone may be coincident with a northeast-southwest trend in gravity anomalies that divide the eastern and western parts of the basin. A subsurface anticline near the central part of the sea may be related to the Caucasus orogeny.
Studies on growth, nitrogen fixation and protein synthesis in a blue-green alga Calothrix sp. (1975)

<p>Saturday 18 March, 4pm</p>\n<p>Graham Stevens, pioneer of pneumatic art, presentation <em>Art to Reverse Global Warming, </em>including screenings of his key documentary films <em>Desert Cloud</em> (1974) and <em>Hajj Walkway Shade Structure</em> (1983).</p>\n
Differential Protein Expression in Sugarcane during Sugarcane-<i>Sporisorium scitamineum</i>Interaction Revealed by 2-DE and MALDI-TOF-TOF/MS (2011)

To understand the molecular basis of a specific plant-pathogen interaction, it is important to identify plant proteins that respond to the pathogen attack. Two sugarcane varieties, NCo376 and Ya71-374, were used in this study. By applying 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), the protein expression profile of sugarcane after inoculating with Sporisorium scitamineum was analyzed. In total, 23 differentially expressed proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF-TOF/MS. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the functions of these 20 differential proteins were associated with such functions as photosynthesis, signal transduction, and disease resistance, while the function of the remaining three proteins was not determined. From above, we can assume that the protein regulatory network during the interaction between sugarcane and S. scitamineum is complicated. This represents the first proteomic investigation focused on highlighting the alterations of the protein expression profile in sugarcane exposed to S. scitamineum, and it provides reference information on sugarcane response to S. scitamineum stress at the protein level.
Mutational Analysis of the Virus and Monoclonal Antibody Binding Sites in MHVR, the Cellular Receptor of the Murine Coronavirus Mouse Hepatitis Virus Strain A59 (1998)

The primary cellular receptor for mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), a murine coronavirus, is MHVR (also referred to as Bgp1a or C-CAM), a transmembrane glycoprotein with four immunoglobulin-like domains in the murine biliary glycoprotein (Bgp) subfamily of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family. Other murine glycoproteins in the Bgp subfamily, including Bgp1b and Bgp2, also can serve as MHV receptors when transfected into MHV-resistant cells. Previous studies have shown that the 108-amino-acid N-terminal domain of MHVR is essential for virus receptor activity and is the binding site for monoclonal antibody (MAb) CC1, an antireceptor MAb that blocks MHV infection in vivo and in vitro. To further elucidate the regions of MHVR required for virus receptor activity and MAb CC1 binding, we constructed chimeras between MHVR and other members of the CEA family and tested them for MHV strain A59 (MHV-A59) receptor activity and MAb CC1 binding activity. In addition, we used site-directed mutagenesis to introduce selected amino acid changes into the N-terminal domains of MHVR and these chimeras and tested the abilities of these mutant glycoproteins to bind MAb CC1 and to function as MHV receptors. Several recombinant glycoproteins exhibited virus receptor activity but did not bind MAb CC1, indicating that the virus and MAb binding sites on the N-terminal domain of MHVR are not identical. Analysis of the recombinant glycoproteins showed that a short region of MHVR, between amino acids 34 and 52, is critical for MHV-A59 receptor activity. Additional regions of the N-terminal variable domain and the constant domains, however, greatly affected receptor activity. Thus, the molecular context in which the amino acids critical for MHV-A59 receptor activity are found profoundly influences the virus receptor activity of the glycoprotein.
RIGID PAVEMENTS - GREAT BRITAIN (1967)

IMPROVED TECHNIQUES FOR USING THE SLIP-FORM PAVER AND CONVENTIONAL PAVING TRAINS ARE DISCUSSED. THE PROTECTION OF THE SUB-GRADE FROM CONSTRUCTIONAL LOADS AND FROM MOISTURE PENETRATION IS USUALLY PROVIDED BY A SUB-BASE OF EITHER A GRANULAR MATERIAL OR LEAN CONCRETE, BUT CEMENT STABILIZED MATERIALS ARE ALSO USED. THE NECESSARY THICKNESS OF THE SUB- BASE IS RELATED TO THE TYPE OF SUB-GRADE, THE SUB-BASE MATERIAL, AND THE WEIGHT OF THE CONSTRUCTIONAL TRAFFIC. GREATER ACCURACY IS NOW ACHIEVED IN THE SHAPING OF THE SUB- BASE BY LAYING THE SUB-BASE MATERIAL WITH WIRE-GUIDED MACHINES AND THIS ACCURACY LEADS TO A REDUCTION IN THE WASTED CONCRETE NEEDED TO MAKE UP IRREGULARITIES IN THE SUB- BASE. THE EMPIRICAL METHOD OF PAVEMENT DESIGN CONTINUES TO BE USED. WITH LITTLE CHANGE IN THE REQURIED JOINT SPACINGS, JOINT ASSEMBLIES HAVE NOW BEEN DEVELOPED WHICH CAN RAPIDLY SET ACCURATELY AND RIGIDLY. EXPERIMENTAL WORK IS BEING CONDUCTED ON TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS IN CONCRETE SLABS. OBSERVATIONS ARE CONTINUED ON THE EXPERIMENTAL PRESTRESSED CONCRETE ROADS AT WINTHORPE. ESTABLISHED METHODS OF MIX DESIGN USED ARE EMPIRICAL AND TRIAL MIXES ARE USUALLY MADE TO DETERMINE THE MOST SATISFACTORY MIX TO BE USED. THE SURFACE TEXTURE OF A CONCRETE ROAD IS APPLIED BY BRUSHING THE SURFACE IN A TRANSVERSE DIRICTION AND TESTS HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED WHICH MAKE IT POSSIBLE TO ASSESS THE SKIDDING RESISTANCE PROPERTIES OF THE APPLIED TEXTURE. A RE- ASSESSMENT IS BEING MADE OF CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES USED ON MINOR ROADS. AIR ENTRAINING AGENTS ARE USED TO PROVIDE RESISTANCE TO FROST AND DE-ICING SALT.
Preparation, characterisation and enantioselective separation properties of a chiral stationary phase based on silica beads coated with a 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polymer (2003)

Abstract This paper describes the preparation of a chiral stationary phase based on a 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin polymer coated on porous silica. This method requires first the synthesis of a water-soluble cyclodextrin polymer carried out by the polycondensation of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin with epichlorohydrin under controlled conditions. In the second step, the obtained copolymer was immobilised onto the porous silica surface by physisorption. The macromolecular features of the copolymer were investigated by size exclusion chromatography coupled with a multiple angle laser-light scattering detector. The evolution of the structural parameters of the modified silica beads (specific surface area and pore size distribution) was determined using a nitrogen adsorption method. The enantio-separation capability of the coated silica phase was evaluated for different polycyclic molecules. It was found that the enantioselectivity was strongly influenced by the geometry and shape of the solutes under study and the presence of an acidic modifier in the mobile phase.
WiFi-Assisted 60 GHz Wireless Networks (2017)

Despite years of innovative research and development, gigabit-speed 60 GHz wireless networks are still not mainstream. The main concern for network operators and vendors is the unfavorable propagation characteristics due to short wavelength and high directionality, which renders the 60 GHz links highly vulnerable to blockage and mobility. However, the advent of multi-band chipsets opens the possibility of leveraging the more robust WiFi technology to assist 60 GHz in order to provide seamless, Gbps connectivity. In this paper, we design and implement MUST, an IEEE 802.11-compliant system that provides seamless, high-speed connectivity over multi-band 60 GHz and WiFi devices. MUST has two key design components: (1) a WiFi-assisted 60 GHz link adaptation algorithm, which can instantaneously predict the best beam and PHY rate setting, with zero probing overhead; and (2) a proactive blockage detection and switching algorithm which can re-direct ongoing user traffic to the robust interface within sub-10 ms latency. Our experiments with off-the-shelf 802.11 hardware show that MUST can achieve 25-60% throughput gain over state-of-the-art solutions, while bringing almost 2 orders of magnitude cross-band switching latency improvement.
Mode of AmyR Binding to the CGGN<sub>8</sub>AGG Sequence in the<i>Aspergillus oryzaetaaG2</i>Promoter (2004)

AmyR is a transcriptional activator in Aspergillus spp. necessary for induction of the amylolytic enzyme genes. It recognizes 5'-CGGN8CGG-3' conserved in a number of the amylolytic gene promoters, and in addition 5'-CGGAAATTTAA-3' in the A. oryzae alpha-amylase promoter. In this report, interaction of AmyR with the 5'-CGGAAATTTAA-3' type binding site in the Taka-amylase gene (taaG2) promoter was precisely characterized by DNase I footprinting analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assay in vitro, and also by examination of the in vivo activity of the mutated promoters. The in vitro and in vivo analyses indicated that two AmyR molecules bind cooperatively to the 5'-CGGAAATTTAA-3' sequence by recognizing the CGG triplet at the 5'-end and the AGG triplet just downstream of the sequence.
Evolving Concepts of Biological Control of Plant Pathogens (1987)

Although numerous successful agricultural applications of biological control of plant pathogens have been devised, there remain many uncharted mech­ anisms that have evolved and are functioning undetected in the natural world. The search for these biological-control systems is in its infancy, having largely taken place in the last twenty years. Biological control is the decrease of inoculum or the disease-producing activity of a pathogen accomplished through one or more organisms, includ­ ing the host plant but excluding man. The term was used in relation to plant pathogens by C. F. von Tubeuf in 1914, and to insects by H. S. Smith in 1919, with the broad simplistic interpretation of control of one organism by another, exclusive of man. Since this paper reviews concepts of the organized corpus of biocontrol, citations have been kept to a minimum, but some investigations are identified by author and date. A few general references (1-13) may be consulted for specific details and other relevant citations.
Mono- and Penta-Addition of Enol Silyl Ethers to [60]Fullerene (2008)

The reaction of 1-alkoxy-1-siloxyethene with [60]fullerene in 20% DMSO/chlorobenzene at ambient temperature under an oxygen atmosphere gave a penta-addition product, while the reaction of 1-alkoxy-1-siloxyalkenes or 1,2-siloxyalkenes under argon gave monoaddition products. The new method has merits over the previously reported syntheses of these compounds in that the synthesis does not require the use of heavy metals or photolysis conditions, and it can be carried out under simple and mild conditions.
Evolution of phenolic compounds in virgin olive oil during storage (1997)

Abstract Phenolic compounds are of fundamental importance to the shelf life of virgin olive oils because of their antioxidative properties. In this paper, the evolution of simple and complex olive oil phenols during 18 mon of storage is studied by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The olive oils under examination were from various olive cultivars, harvested in two sectors in the same region at different stages of ripeness. The findings indicate that it is not the variety but rather the ripeness of the olives and the soil and climate that influence the phenol composition of virgin olive oil. In addition, a positive correlation was found between the age of the oils and the tyrosol to total phenols ratio. Lastly, gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis confirmed that the unidentified peaks detected by HPLC were of a phenolic nature.
Dose–response effect of an intra‐tendon application of recombinant human platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (rhPDGF‐BB) in a rat Achilles tendinopathy model (2012)

The purpose of this study was to assess whether intra-tendon delivery of recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB (rhPDGF-BB) would improve Achilles tendon repair in a rat collagenase-induced tendinopathy model. Seven days following collagenase induction of tendinopathy, one of four intra-tendinous treatments was administered: (i) Vehicle control (sodium acetate buffer), (ii) 1.02 µg rhPDGF-BB, (iii) 10.2 µg rhPDGF-BB, or (iv) 102 µg rhPDGF-BB. Treated tendons were assessed for histopathological (e.g., proliferation, tendon thickness, collagen fiber density/orientation) and biomechanical (e.g., maximum load-to-failure and stiffness) outcomes. By 7 days post-treatment, there was a significant increase in cell proliferation with the 10.2 and 102 µg rhPDGF-BB-treated groups (p=0.049 and 0.015, respectively) and in thickness at the tendon midsubstance in the 10.2 µg of rhPDGF-BB group (p=0.005), compared to controls. All groups had equivalent outcomes by Day 21. There was a dose-dependent effect on the maximum load-to-failure, with no significant difference in the 1.02 and 102 µg rhPDGF-BB doses but the 10.2 µg rhPDGF-BB group had a significant increase in load-to-failure at 7 (p=0.003) and 21 days (p=0.019) compared to controls. The rhPDGF-BB treatment resulted in a dose-dependent, transient increase in cell proliferation and sustained improvement in biomechanical properties in a rat Achilles tendinopathy model, demonstrating the potential of rhPDGF-BB treatment in a tendinopathy application. Consequently, in this model, data suggest that rhPDGF-BB treatment is an effective therapy and thus, may be an option for clinical applications to treat tendinopathy.
Lignin peroxidases can also oxidize manganese (1995)

The peroxidase isozymes secreted by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium include lignin peroxidases and manganese-dependent peroxidases. The major isozymes, called lignin peroxidases, are thought to oxidize chemicals directly. The manganese-dependent peroxidases (H3, H4, H5, and H9) are relatively minor, making up only a fraction of the total peroxidase protein. However, we have found that lignin peroxidases will also catalyze the H2O2-dependent oxidation of Mn2+ to Mn3+. We have used lignin peroxidase isozyme H2 (LiPH2) to characterize the manganese peroxidase activity of lignin peroxidases. Transient state kinetic studies were used to obtain a second-order rate constant of 4.2 x 10(4) M-1 S-1 for the reaction of LiPH2-compound I with free or chelated Mn2+ at pH 6.0. This reaction was too fast to monitor at pH 4.5. Only chelated Mn2+ could reduce LiPH2-compound II to ferric enzyme. The Mn(2+)-chelate (oxalate) first bound LiPH2-compound II with a Kd of (1.5 +/- 0.3) x 10(-5) M and then reduced LiPH2-compound II to ferric enzyme with a first order rate constant of 215 +/- 6 S-1. Steady-state kinetic studies on LiPH2 were performed by directly monitoring the formation of Mn(3+)-oxalate. These results show that oxidation of Mn2+ by a lignin peroxidase does not occur through free radical mediation as proposed previously [Popp et al. (1990) Biochemistry 29, 10475-10480). Electron spin resonance and oxygen evolution studies also indicate that Mn2+ is directly oxidized by LiPH2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Data management systems on GPUs (2013)

The past decade has witnessed the popularity of push-based data management systems, in which the query executor passively receives data from either remote data sources (e.g., sensors) or I/O processes that scan database tables/files from local storage. Unlike traditional relational database management system (RDBMS) architectures that are mostly I/O-bound, push-based database systems often become heavily computation-bound since the data arrival rate could be very high. In this paper, we argue that modern multi-core hardware, especially Graphics Processing Units (GPU), provide the most cost-effective computing platform to catch up with the large amount of data streamed into a push-based database system. Based on that, we will open discussions on how to design and implement a query processing engine for such systems that run on GPUs.
Notice of Retraction: High-bandwidth IC interconnects with silicon interposers and bridges for 3D multi-chip integration and packaging (2017)

Retracted.
What determines the ultimate resolution? The critical relationship between exposure tools and photoresists (2006)

As the resolution of optical lithography is being pushed for 45-nm half-pitch node, there is a growing concern about the printing capability of chemically amplified resists. The chemical amplification involves photoacid diffusion that causes contrast degradation of latent image or, in other words, resist blur. In this paper, we study the influence of the resist blur in high-NA ArF immersion lithography by using an interferometric exposure tool. Contrast ratio between the resist latent image and the original aerial image was measured for half pitch from 50 nm to 80 nm. Acid diffusion length for a high-resolution ArF resist was determined as 11 nm in sigma (26 nm in full width at half maximum) assuming Gaussian blur kernel. The results revealed that the influence of resist blur is in fact a significant issue for the 45-nm half pitch node. We consider that reduction of acid diffusion length is highly desirable. Given the tradeoff between the resist resolution and sensitivity, increasing illumination intensity in the exposure tools can be an effective means to overcome the challenge of the resist blur. We also demonstrate resist imaging of 30-nm line-and-space pattern with high-index immersion fluid. The reduction of acid diffusion will be even more important if the ArF immersion is to be extended beyond 45-nm half-pitch node with high-index fluids. While the focus of the paper is on high-NA ArF immersion lithography, our findings are also relevant to EUV lithography.
Tubulin Isotypes in Rye Roots Are Altered during Cold Acclimation (1990)

The cold stability of cortical microtubules in root-tip cells of winter rye (Secale cereale L. cv Puma) is altered by growth temperature (GP Kerr, JV Carter (1990] Plant Physiol 93:77-82).
The Design and Implementation of SPWM Based on TMS320LF2407A (2009)

This paper introduces symmetry rule sampling algorithmic based on the digital signal processor TMS320LF2407A. By using the three full-compare units on event manager, the paper gives the method to generate the three-phase symmetrical SPWM wave form. As using the table look-up scheme, the system possesses high processing speed and good stability. Both some of the source codes and detailed Computational Method of the pulse width are presented. At last, experimental results show the satisfied wave.
Synthesis and Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Silicon and Germanium Nanowires (2008)

The development of semiconductor nanowires has recently been the focus of extensive research as these structures may play an important role in the next generation of nanoscale devices. Using semiconductor nanowires as building blocks, a number of high performance electronic devices have been fabricated. In this review, we discuss synthetic methodologies and electrical characteristics of Si, Ge, and Ge/Si core/shell nanowires. In particular the fabrication and electrical properties of a variety of nanowire-based field effect transistors (FETs) are discussed. Although the bottom-up approach has the potential to go far beyond the limits of top-down technology, new techniques need to be developed to realize precise control of structural parameters, such as size uniformity, growth direction, and dopant distribution within nanowires to produce nanowire-based electronics on a large scale.
Topography of Axonal Injury as Defined by Amyloid Precursor Protein and the Sector Scoring Method in Mild and Severe Closed Head Injury (1995)

Axonal injury (AI), as defined by amyloid precursor protein (APP) positive axonal swellings, was recorded on a series of line diagrams of standard brain sections divided into 116 sectors to provide an Axonal Injury Sector Score (AISS) ranging from 0 to 116. This sector scoring method of recording axonal damage and providing a topographic overview of AI was applied to a series of 6 mild head injury cases [Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) 13-15] and six severe head injury cases (GCS 3-8). The AISS ranged from 4 to 107 overall and varied from 4 to 88 in the mildly injured group and 76 to 107 in the severe head injury group, supporting the concept that there is a spectrum of AI in traumatic head injury and that the AISS is a measure of the extent of AI. APP immunostaining demonstrated positive axonal swellings 1.75 h after head injury and analysis of the pattern of AI in the mild and severe head injury groups showed that axons were more vulnerable than blood vessels and that the axons in the corpus callosum and fornices were the most vulnerable of all.