gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Novel Methyl-Branched Chain Fatty Acids from a Halophilic <i>Bacillus</i> Species (2001)

The 4-methylated fatty acids 4,9-dimethyldecanoic, 4,11-dimethyldodecanoic, 4,10-dimethyldodecanoic, and 4,13-dimethyltetradecanoic acid as well as the 2-methylated fatty acids 2,13-dimethyltetradecanoic and 2,12-dimethyltetradecanoic acid were identified for the first time in nature in the halophilic bacterium Bacillus sp. isolated from the salt pans of Burgas in Bulgaria. The principal fatty acids in this bacterium were a series of iso-anteiso fatty acids with chain lengths between C11 and C19, but an interesting series of linear alkylbenzene fatty acids with chain lengths between C10 and C14, such as 12-phenyldodecanoic acid, were also identified. The novel 4-methylated fatty acids were characterized using a combination of GC-MS and chemical transformations such as N-acylpyrrolidide derivatization. The 2-methylated fatty acids were also identified by GC-MS and gas chromatographic coelution with synthetic samples. The novel methyl-branched fatty acids probably originated from the selective incorporation of methylmalonyl-CoA by one of the fatty acid-synthesizing enzymes of the bacterium.
Electrostatic Switchable Applique (2005)

In this paper, the development of a second generation electrostatic radiator (ESR) is described. This device consists of a different operational structure and materials than the first generation ESR. The second generation ESR employs a less insulating membrane than the previous device. Additionally, the insulator has been moved from the membrane to the rigid substrate. This construction results in significantly reduced operating voltages compared to the first generation device. The construction also permits easier fabrication which permits the device to be applied to the spacecraft as an appliqué. This paper discusses the current state of development of the ESR appliqué, its construction and results from laboratory thermal vacuum performance testing.
Distribution of foliage and fruit in association with light microclimate in the red raspberry canopy (1989)

SummaryThe early afternoon percentage of full–sun photosynthetically active radiation (FS-PAR) was determined at anthesis, preharvest, and postharvest in the west half of ‘Willamette’ red raspberry canopies. Most of the flowers at anthesis (55%) and fruit at preharvest (59%) were in the 0–25% exposure interval of the canopy. The distribution of flowers at anthesis and fruit at preharvest were highly correlated with leaf area. The number of fruit per unit leaf area and per lateral node increased with increasing light exposure. Fruit set at greater than 25% FS-PAR was approx. 90%, while only about 46% of the flowers in the 0–25% exposure interval produced fruit. Primocane growth between anthesis and preharvest caused most of the change in light exposure and volume within the plant canopy. Primocane leaf area increased 483%, while floricane leaf area decreased 13%. Approximately 58% of the primocane nodes were in the 0–25% exposure interval at pre- and postharvest.
Determination of the Intershell Conductance in Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (2004)

We report on the intershell electron transport in multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). To do this, local and nonlocal four-point measurements are used to study the current path through the different shells of a MWNT. For short electrode separations less, similar 1 mum the current mainly flows through the two outer shells, described by a resistive transmission line with an intershell conductance per length of approximately (10 kOmega)(-1)/microm. The intershell transport is tunnel type and the transmission is consistent with the estimate based on the overlap between pi orbitals of neighboring shells.
Inhibition of human herpesviruses by combination of acyclovir and human leukocyte interferon (1981)

Human leukocytes interferon in low concentrations (1 to 5 U/ml) enhanced the antiviral effect of acyclovir against herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, and cytomegalovirus grown in human fibroblasts. This occurred without additive inhibition of the division of human fibroblasts or proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The combined antiviral effect was additive against clinical isolates of cytomegalovirus and was synergistic against clinical isolates of the other two viruses. The magnitude of the effect with cytomegalovirus was the same when laboratory and wild-type virus were compared. The persistence of varicella-zoster virus in the presence of acyclovir in infected human cells was also reduced by the addition of interferon.
Coordinated merge control based on V2V communication (2016)

Merging of entering traffic is one of the primary causes of traffic congestion on freeways. If the movements of the vehicles entering the freeway can be coordinated in advance with the movements of the vehicles already driving along the mainline freeway, the disturbances in vehicle speed at the merge point can be reduced, leading to reductions in congestion and travel delay. These effects are modeled here using a high-fidelity traffic microsimulation model. The effects are simulated for a baseline case with conventional manual merging as well as cases with 50%, 60%, 75% and 100% market penetration of vehicles equipped with V2V coordination and automated merge control capabilities. The effects of V2V communication limitations (delays and packet losses) and vehicle location measurement errors are also assessed.
In the Begining Science said… (1997)

From DNA to Dean: Reflections and Explorations of a Priest‐scientist , Arthur Peacocke God and the Web of Creation , Ruth Page
Effects of Clozapine on Plasma Cytokine and Soluble Cytokine Receptor Levels (1996)

The antipsychotic drug clozapine frequently induces fever during the first weeks of administration. In addition, it has been shown that clozapine increases plasma soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2r) levels as early as 1 week after treatment is started. These findings suggest that clozapine has immunomodulatory effects. To investigate this issue in more detail, we assessed the time course of rectal temperature, blood cell counts, and cytokine and soluble cytokine receptor plasma levels during 6 weeks of clozapine treatment in 27 schizophrenic patients. Clozapine increased the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), soluble TNF receptors p55 and p75, and sIL-2r. These increases were independent of prior or concurrent medication and did also occur in patients who did not experience clozapine-induced fever. However, increases in TNF-alpha and sIL-2r levels were more pronounced in patients with clozapine-induced fever who showed in addition increased plasma IL-6 levels and granulocyte counts. Plasma IL-1 receptor antagonist levels and monocyte and lymphocyte counts were not affected by clozapine treatment. It is concluded that clozapine has consistent in vivo immunomodulatory effects. The results presented suggest that clozapine-induced fever is mediated by pyrogenic cytokines.
The Design of Sound Absorptive Materials to Meet Special Requirements (1974)

Bulk sound-absorbing materials are not suitable for many applications involving liquids, air flow, elevated temperature, vibration, and severe space limitations. In aircraft all of these design constraints can occur together. The simplest alternative to the bulk absorber is the laminar absorber, comprising a permeable facing sheet over a closed compartmented air space. Laminar absorbers meet some of the above design requirements but their impedance-versus-frequency characteristic is inherently inferior to that of a good bulk absorber. A wide variety of improved absorption characteristics may be attained by utilizing more acoustical elements and parallel as well as series connections among the elements. The use of resistance paralleled by inductive resistance provides a facing sheet whose resistance increases with frequency while the positive reactance decreases. Dissimilar air cavities arranged in parallel provide air space reactance that remains near zero over a broad range of frequency. The cutoff characteristics of miniature acoustic horn arrays may be exploited to provide a dual-frequency range of absorption. The upper frequency range resembles that of a laminar absorber, whereas the low-frequency absorption occurs in a controllable region of considerable bandwidth. These novel sound-absorbing structures may provide practical solutions to such diverse problems as fan jet engine buzzsaw noise, combustion noise, and noise due to cooling towers and car wash installations.
Proximity effect correction for electron beam lithography by equalization of background dose (1983)

Compensation for the proximity effect in electron lithography can be achieved by equalization of the backscattered dose received by all pattern points. This is accomplished by exposing the reverse tone of the required pattern with a beam diameter dc=2σb ×(1+ηe)−1/4 and dose Qc=Qe ×[ηe/(1+ηe)], where σb is the radius of the Gaussian spatial distribution function of backscattered electrons at normally exposed pixels, ηe is the ratio of backscattered to forwardscattered energy, and Qe is the dose delivered to normally exposed pixels. This correction method has been confirmed to work for 500-nm features by computer simulation of electron beam exposure and development and by experiment on a raster scan electron beam lithography system.
Control techniques and power saving effects of intermittent operation in radio units (1987)

The control algorithms are proposed for intermittent operation of Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation's (NTT's) new land mobile communication system, NTT-MCS-L2, and the existing system, NTT-MCS-L1. The power saving effect of intermittent operation is calculated for each system, and experiments are carried out using a prototype radio unit designed for NTT-MCS-L2. The experiment and calculation show that the usable time of a radio unit can be greatly expanded.
Gene expression profiling of <i>in vivo</i> UVB‐irradiated human epidermis (2004)

Human intact epidermis responds to a single low dose of in vivo UVB irradiation by differential regulation of numerous genes. Our results illustrate the power of global gene expression analysis of human epidermis to identify molecular pathways involved in UV-induced photodamage.
A method for automatically generating the emotional vectors of emoticons using weblog articles (2011)

(1) <b>Background</b>: The isokinetic measurement (IM) of the leg muscles is well established but costly, whereas the Bunkie Test (BT) is a rarely investigated but easy-to-conduct functional test to evaluate the total posterior chain. Although the tests differ in aim and test structures, both have their justification in the assessment process. Therefore, this study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the BT and the IM. (2) <b>Methods</b>: 21 participants (9 female, 12 male; age, 26.2 ± 5.26 years; weight 73.8 ± 14.6 kg; height 176.0 ± 9.91 cm) and 21 patients (9 female, 12 male; age, 26.5 ± 5.56 years; weight, 72.6 ± 16.9 kg; height 177.0 ± 10.1 cm) with self-reported pain in the knee performed the IM and the BT. For IM, we calculated the ratio of the knee mean flexor/extensor peak torque (H/Q ratio) for 60°/s and 120°/s, and BT performance was measured in seconds. We classified the IM (<0.6 H/Q ratio) and the BT (leg difference ≥4 s) as binary results according to the literature. We calculated the sensitivity and specificity, which we compared with the Chi-Square test, and the 95% confidence intervals (CI). A <i>p</i>-value of ≤0.05 is considered significant. (3) <b>Results</b>: The sensitivity for the BT was 0.89, 95% CI [0.67, 0.99], and the specificity was 0.52 [0.30, 0.74]. For the IM, the sensitivity was 0.14 [0.03, 0.36] for 60°/s and 0.05 [0.00, 0.24] for 120°/s, and the specificity was 0.70 [0.46, 0.88] for 60°/s and 0.90 [0.68, 0.99] for 120°/s. The results of the Chi-Square tests were significant for the BT (χ<sup>2</sup> (1) = 6.17, <i>p</i> = 0.01) but not for the IM (60°/s: χ<sup>2</sup> (1) = 0.70, <i>p</i> = 0.40; 120°/s: χ<sup>2</sup> (1) = 0.00, <i>p</i> = 0.97). (4) <b>Conclusions</b>: Patients were more likely to obtain a positive test result for the BT but not for the IM.
Quantification of Selective Phosphatidylserine Oxidation During Apoptosis (2014)

Membrane phospholipids are gaining increasing attention as important mediators in a variety of signal transduction processes. Oxidation and changes in membrane topography of lipids are likely important elements in the regulation of phospholipid-dependent signaling. Phosphatidylserine (PS), in particular, is implicated in the regulation of macrophage-dependent clearance of apoptotic cell "corpses" in a pathway likely mediated by selective oxidation and translocation of PS in the plasma membrane. Here we describe our highly sensitive and specific assay to measure differential lipid peroxidation in individual phospholipid classes in live cells using metabolic integration of the fluorescent oxidation-sensitive fatty acid analog, cis- parinaric acid and resolution of specific phospholipids by high-pressure liquid chromatography. These experimental approaches can provide insight into the roles and mechanisms of PS oxidation in the identification and clearance of apoptotic cells.
Heart Valve Tissue Engineering (2005)

Tissue-engineered heart valves have been proposed by physicians and scientists alike to be the ultimate solution for treating valvular heart disease. Rather than replacing a diseased or defective native valve with a mechanical or animal tissue-derived artificial valve, a tissue-engineered valve would be a living organ, able to respond to growth and physiological forces in the same way that the native aortic valve does. Two main approaches have been attempted over the past 10 to 15 years: regeneration and repopulation. Regeneration involves the implantation of a resorbable matrix that is expected to remodel in vivo and yield a functional valve composed of the cells and connective tissue proteins of the patient. Repopulation involves implanting a whole porcine aortic valve that has been previously cleaned of all pig cells, leaving an intact, mechanically sound connective tissue matrix. The cells of the patients are expected to repopulate and revitalize the acellular matrix, creating living tissue that already has the complex microstructure necessary for proper function and durability. Regrettably, neither of the 2 approaches has fared well in animal experiments, and the only clinical experience with tissue-engineered valves resulted in a number of early failures and patient death. This article reviews the technological details of the 2 main approaches, their rationale, their strengths and weaknesses, and the likely mechanisms for their failure. Alternative approaches to valvular tissue engineering, as well as the role of industry in shaping this field in the future, are also reviewed.
Magnitude of the Screening Field for YBCO Coils (2010)

Screening current induced in a YBCO-coated conductor coil causes two major problems; (i) reduction in the central magnetic field and (ii) temporal magnetic field drift due to flux creep. They constitute disadvantages for YBCO coil applications such as NMR, MRI, accelerator and high field magnets. The second problem is effectively suppressed by current sweep reversal, while the first remains unsolved. The present paper demonstrates that the screening current-induced magnetic field (screening field) is dominated by (a) the YBCO coil shape, (b) the YBCO-coated conductor width, (c) the coil inner diameter and (d) the ratio of operating current to the coil critical current. The dependence on these quantities is systematically investigated by numerical simulations. We conclude that coils with a smaller width of YBCO-coated conductor, a larger inner diameter and a higher ratio of operating current to the coil critical current generate a smaller central screening field ratio.
Coherent imaging with a resonance domain diffractive lens in laser light (2016)

We investigated coherent imaging with a binary off-axis resonance domain diffractive lens using three lasers in visible wavelengths. The relations between the dispersion of this lens, shape of its point spread function, and spectral properties of these lasers were analyzed theoretically and experimentally. In particular, we measured the point spread function, imaging contrast, and diffraction efficiency. Experimental results proved the feasibility of imaging with low distortion and more than 83% diffraction efficiency in laser light.
<title>Strategies for registering range images from unknown camera positions</title> (2000)

We describe a project to construct a 3D numerical model of Michelangelo's Florentine Pieta to be used in a study of the sculpture. Here we focus on the registration of the range images used to construct the model. The major challenge was the range of length scales involved. A resolution of 1 mm or less required for the 2.25 m tall piece. To achieve this resolution, we could only acquire an area of 20 by 20 cm per scan. A total of approximately 700 images were required. Ideally, a tracker would be attached to the scanner to record position and pose. The use of a tracker was not possible in the field. Instead, we used a crude-to-fine approach to registering the meshes to one another. The crudest level consisted of pairwise manual registration, aided by texture maps containing laser dots that were projected onto the sculpture. This crude alignment was refined by an automatic registration of laser dot centers. In this phase, we found that consistency constraints on dot matches were essential to obtaining accurate results. The laser dot alignment was refined by an automatic registration of laser dot centers. In this phase, we found that consistency constraints on dot matches were essential to obtaining accurate results. The laser dot alignment was further refined using a variation of the ICP algorithm developed by Besl and McKay. In the application of ICP to global registration, we developed a method to avoid one class of local minima by finding a set of points, rather than the single point, that matches each candidate point.
Waveguide optical isolator based on Mach–Zehnder interferometer (2000)

A waveguide optical isolator based on nonreciprocal interference is demonstrated. Ridge waveguides are fabricated in a Mach–Zehnder configuration on a single film of bismuth-, lutetium-, neodymium-iron garnet. With this design, no polarizers are required to achieve extinction in the backward propagation direction. This isolator exhibits a 19 dB extinction ratio at λ=1.54 μm. A flat wavelength dependence, to within 2 dB, has been observed in the range between 1.49 and 1.57 μm.
Self-assembly of precisely defined DNA nanotube superstructures using DNA origami seeds (2016)

We demonstrate a versatile process for assembling micron-scale filament architectures by controlling where DNA tile nanotubes nucleate on DNA origami assemblies. "Nunchucks," potential mechanical magnifiers of nanoscale dynamics consisting of two nanotubes connected by a dsDNA linker, form at yields sufficient for application and consistent with models.
Updating Probabilities (2006)

We show that Skilling's method of induction leads to a unique general theory of inductive inference, the method of Maximum relative Entropy (ME). The main tool for updating probabilities is the logarithmic relative entropy; other entropies such as those of Renyi or Tsallis are ruled out. We also show that Bayes updating is a special case of ME updating and thus, that the two are completely compatible.
Preliminary study of airplane configurations having tail surfaces outboard of the wing tips (1958)

Report presenting some of the concepts and applications underlying the basic arrangement of airplane configurations with tail surfaces outboard of the wing tips. The arrangement was created to be consistent with good supersonic performance characteristics and to avoid some of the stability and trim-drag problems seen with other supersonic configurations. Results regarding stability and control characteristics, lift and drag characteristics, and an analytical study of effects of some design variables are provided.
Enantioselective Catalysis 113: New Menthylphosphane Ligands Differing in Steric and Electronic Properties (1998)

A concept for bisphosphane ligands was developed, in which chirality is derived from the optically active (1R,3R,4S)-menthyl substituents in PMen2 groups and the backbone between the phosphorus units is varied (o-phenylene, 2,2′-biphenylene, 1,1′-ferrocenediyl); one of the two PMen2 groups was also replaced by a PPh2 unit. The synthesis and characterisation of seven new menthylphosphanes is described. Emphasis is put on the NMR assignment of the menthyl protons by two-dimensional methods and 13C-1H shift correlation. The ligands have been used in Rh and Ni complexes in several model reactions of enantioselective catalysis giving optical inductions in the low to middle range.
Recent Studies on the Antimicrobial Peptides Lactoferricin and Lactoferrampin (2014)

Lactoferricin and lactoferrampin, peptides derived from the whey protein lactoferrin, are antimicrobial agents with a promising prospect and are currently one of the research focuses. In this review, a basic introduction including location and solution structures of these two peptides is given. Their biological activities encompassing antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory activities with possible mechanisms are mentioned. In terms of modification studies, research about identification of their active derivatives and crucial amino acid residues is also discussed. Various attempts at modification of lactoferricin and lactoferrampin such as introducing big hydrophobic side-chains; employing special amino acids for synthesis; N-acetylization, amidation, cyclization and peptide chimera are summarized. The studies on lactoferricin-lactoferrampin chimera are discussed in detail. Future prospects of lactoferricin and lactoferrampin are covered.
[Quantitative antibody analysis: use for the diagnosis of hepatitis C virus chronic infection]. (2003)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been estimated in 600,000 subjects in France, with about 80 % of chronic infection. In the latter, anti-HCV antibodies and viral RNA are found together in patients blood. Today, only the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology allows the diagnosis of HCV chronic infection, confirmed by a positive PCR. However, PCR is a laborious and cost effective method. The aim of this study was to distinguish HCV chronic infection to past-infection or false reactivity only using the serology testing. Therefore, we looked for a correlation between the results of PCR, using the HCV Cobas Amplicor 2.0 assay, and the level of anti-HCV antibodies, assessed by the AxSYM HCV v.3.0 and expressed in signal/cutoff (s/co) ratio. We found using a panel of 200 sera issued from 181 patients, a significant variation of s/co ratios between PCR positive and negative patients (respectively, 87.76 +/- 27.18 vs 10.13 +/- 13.68 s/co, p < 0.0001), only in non treated or previously treated patients, non HIV coinfected, non renal transplanted or haemodialysis patients. An anti-HCV cutoff value at 34 s/co allows a predictive PCR results with 100 % sensitivity and 93.3 % specificity. Thus, for patients having a s/co equal or over 34, a positive PCR was found in 98.1 % of cases, allowing the diagnosis of HCV chronic infection (positive predictive value). Conversely, in patients with less than 34, HCV chronic infection can be excluded in 100 % of cases (negative predictive value). In conclusion, in most cases, the use of anti-HCV quantitative analysis in the AxSYM HCV v.3.0 assay could avoid PCR testing and facilitate the diagnosis of HCV chronic infection.