gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DEBUG: A Dense Bottom-Up Grounding Approach for Natural Language Video Localization (2019)

Chujie Lu, Long Chen, Chilie Tan, Xiaolin Li, Jun Xiao. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP). 2019.
Temporal Induction by Incremental SAT Solving (2003)

We show how a very modest modification to a typical modern SAT-solver enables it to solve a series of related SAT-instances efficiently. We apply this idea to checking safety properties by means of temporal induction, a technique strongly related to bounded model checking. We further give a more efficient way of constraining the extended induction hypothesis to so called loop-free paths. We have also performed the first comprehensive experimental evaluation of induction methods for safety-checking.
PERIODICAL PUBLICATIONS (1961)

PERIODICAL PUBLICATIONS S. ULLMANN S. ULLMANN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French Studies, Volume XV, Issue 2, April 1961, Pages 197-b–198, https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/XV.2.197-b Published: 01 April 1961
GraphLab: A Distributed Framework for Machine Learning in the Cloud (2011)

Machine Learning (ML) techniques are indispensable in a wide range of fields. Unfortunately, the exponential increase of dataset sizes are rapidly extending the runtime of sequential algorithms and threatening to slow future progress in ML. With the promise of affordable large-scale parallel computing, Cloud systems offer a viable platform to resolve the computational challenges in ML. However, designing and implementing efficient, provably correct distributed ML algorithms is often prohibitively challenging. To enable ML researchers to easily and efficiently use parallel systems, we introduced the GraphLab abstraction which is designed to represent the computational patterns in ML algorithms while permitting efficient parallel and distributed implementations. In this paper we provide a formal description of the GraphLab parallel abstraction and present an efficient distributed implementation. We conduct a comprehensive evaluation of GraphLab on three state-of-the-art ML algorithms using real large-scale data and a 64 node EC2 cluster of 512 processors. We find that GraphLab achieves orders of magnitude performance gains over Hadoop while performing comparably or superior to hand-tuned MPI implementations.
Tool support for integrating extended enterprises (2000)

A current EPSRC project, product introduction process: a simulation in the extended enterprise (PIPSEE) is discussed. PIPSEE attempts to improve the execution of the product introduction process (PIP) within an extended enterprise in the aerospace sector. The modus operandi for accomplishing this has been to develop process understanding amongst a core team, spanning four different companies, through process modelling, review and improvement recommendation. In parallel, a web-based simulation capability is being used to conduct simulation experiments, and to disseminate findings by training others in the lessons that have been learned. It is intended that the use of the PIPSEE simulator should encourage radical thinking about the `fuzzy front end' of the PIP. This presents a topical, exciting and challenging research problem.
Properties of Diammonium Phosphate Fertilizer (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProperties of Diammonium Phosphate FertilizerH. L. Thompson, Philip Miller, F. H. Dole, and Abraham KaplanCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1949, 41, 3, 485–494Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50471a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50471a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views337Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Characterisation of the IgE-binding immunodominant epitopes on Ara h1 (2008)

Abstract Peanut allergy is one of the most severe food allergies due to its persistency and life-threatening character. Serum IgE from patients with documented peanut hypersensitivity reactions and synthetic peptides were used to screen the linear IgE-binding epitopes on the major peanut allergen, Ara h 1. Five major epitopes that bound peanut-specific serum IgE from more than 60% of patients tested were identified. Mutational analysis of the immunodominant epitope showed that single amino acid changes had dramatic effects on IgE-binding characteristics. Mapping and characterisation of the IgE-binding epitopes on Ara h1 could be used in future immunotherapeutic approaches for peanut allergy disease.
SNR scalability based on matching pursuits (2000)

In this paper, SNR scalable representations of video signals are studied. The investigated codecs are well suited for communications applications because they are all based on backward motion-compensated predictive coding, which provides the necessary low-delay property. In a very-low bit rate context (VLBR), the matching pursuits (MP) signal representation algorithm is used to represent the displaced frame difference (DFD) of each layer of a multilevel decomposition of the video signal. A number of conventional prediction schemes that can be generalized to any DFD representation technique are considered. They are compared with an original and MP specific DFD prediction method. Two scenari have been considered. In the first scenario, an enhancement layer is built on a base layer that has been encoded using a classical, i.e., nonscalable scheme. In that case, all methods appear to be comparable, In the second scenario, the fact that the base layer is used as a reference for an enhancement layer is taken into account to build it. In that case, the proposed MP prediction method clearly outperforms all other conventional approaches, Additional lessons can be drawn from this work. The same motion vectors can be used in both SNR layers, and the DFD prediction between layers improves coding efficiency. Moreover, the MP representation of the signal enable us to measure the predictability of the high SNR layer DFD from the low SNR layer DFD, i.e., to quantify the part of the low SNR layer information that also belongs to the high SNR layer.
MHC Class III products: an electron microscopic study of the C3 convertases of human complement. (1984)

We have reported a transmission electron microscopic study of the two C3 convertases of human complement and their precursors. The corresponding proteins and complexes of the classical and alternative pathway appear very similar. Cofactors C3b and C4b are nearly indistinguishable and display a characteristic but highly irregular substructure. C2 and Factor B are globular with diameters of 85 +/- 8 A and 80 +/- 8 A and both consist of three discrete globular domains each approximately 40 A in diameter. Bb and C2a each contain two domains connected by a short linker segment. Both domains of Bb and one domain of C2a are 42 A in diameter (28 kd), while the second domain of C2 is 47 A in diameter (39 kd). Attachment of the enzymatic subunits to cofactors occurs through one domain only.
Infertility: Dummy embryo transfer using methylene blue dye (1994)

The aim of this prospective work was to evaluate different catheters and techniques used for embryo transfer. Studies were performed on 105 IVF patients before the start of treatment cycles. Each patient was used as her own control to study the expulsion of methylene blue (MB) dye after dummy embryo transfer. Group A (n = 35) underwent the test twice, before and after aspiration of the cervical mucus. Group B (n = 30) underwent the test twice with and without the presence of two air bubbles in the embryo transfer catheter. Group C (n = 40) underwent the test twice using two different catheters, the Wallace and the Craft catheters. The results showed that the dye was extruded at the external os in 57% of the cases when the cervical mucus was not aspirated compared to 23% when the mucus was aspirated (P = 0.01). The dye was extruded in 33% of the cases with air bubbles in the catheter as compared to 27% when no air was present (P > 0.05). When the Wallace catheter was used expulsion occurred in 25.5% compared to 77.5% when the Craft catheter was used. We concluded that using soft catheters and complete aspiration of cervical mucus significantly reduced the expulsion of the dye. The presence of air bubbles did not affect rate of expulsion of the dye.
A continuous operations workschedule implementation (2003)

IBM'S semiconductor facility near Burlington, Vermont, adopted continuous operation (ContOps) in 1990 by implementing a variation of the 12-h work schedule for their production employees. The author discusses that work schedule and how it was implemented. The foundation studies that proved the business need, the analysis of work schedule alternatives, the key business measurements, and the personnel relations activities required for each phase of the changeover are discussed. Some of the lessons learned, including what to expect (and not expect) from implementing a ContOps work schedule, are reviewed. Concepts and principles are presented in broad terms to facilitate the conversion to ContOps for any enterprise.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Therapy for septic arthritis (1982)

The usefulness of the results of serial cultures of synovial fluid in assessing the response to medical therapy of acute bacterial joint infections was examined. A five-year retrospective survey disclosed 32 synovial fluid culture-proved cases of septic arthritis in adults. Thirteen of the patients had well-documented evidence of (1) duration of articular symptoms (presumably reflecting the presence of infection) and (2) subsequent time required to sterilize the synovial fluids (as determined by serial synovial fluid cultures). We found a positive correlation between duration of symptoms and length of time during which serial cultures of synovial fluids remained positive after initiation of treatment. In the seven patients with good outcome, cultures remained positive for 2.4±1.9 days, as opposed to 8.2±2.4 days in the six patients with poor results. The time required to sterilize the synovial fluid appears to be a reliable indicator of response to therapy and an accurate predictor of outcome. Our data show that the rapidity in achieving synovial fluid sterility is of paramount importance in the successful treatment of infection, preservation of articular integrity, and restoration of joint function. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:797-800)
Band offsets of high K gate oxides on III-V semiconductors (2006)

III-V semiconductors have high mobility and will be used in field effect transistors with the appropriate gate dielectric. The dielectrics must have band offsets over 1eV to inhibit leakage. The band offsets of various gate dielectrics including HfO2, Al2O3, Gd2O3, Si3N4, and SiO2 on III-V semiconductors such as GaAs, InAs, GaSb, and GaN have been calculated using the method of charge neutrality levels. Generally, the conduction band offsets are found to be over 1eV, so they should inhibit leakage for these dielectrics. On the other hand, SrTiO3 has minimal conduction band offset. The valence band offsets are also reasonably large, except for Si nitride on GaN and Sc2O3 on GaN which are 0.6–0.8eV. There is reasonable agreement with experiment where it exists, although the GaAs:SrTiO3 case is even worse in experiment.
Arthroscopy of the shoulder: Technique and normal anatomy (1984)

We present our technique of diagnostic and surgical arthroscopy of the shoulder and describe the normal and normal variational arthroscopic anatomy of the structures within the shoulder joint. To ensure accuracy, strict attention is given to consistent patient position and technical detail. Posterior and anterior portals are consistently located with the aid of bony anatomic landmarks. Using a large diameter angled arthroscope, structures within the shoulder joint are identified and examined in sequential order. Diagnostic arthroscopy of the shoulder can be systematic and reproducible when the surgeon is knowledgeable of the normal and normal variational anatomy of the shoulder and when attention is given to accurate placement of the arthroscopic portals and to consistent surgical technique.
Kinetic Characterization of a Panel of High-Affinity Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting Ricin and Recombinant Re-Formatting for Biosensor Applications (2014)

Ricin is a potent glycoprotein toxin that is structurally composed of two subunits joined via a disulfide bond: a ~30 kDa subunit A (RTA) and a ~32 kDa subunit B (RTB). There are fears of ricin being used as a weapon for warfare and terrorism and, as such, there is an increasing need for the development of immunodiagnostic reagents targeted towards this toxin. This article describes the production and characterization of a panel of six ricin-specific monoclonal IgG antibodies (mAbs), previously selected based upon their ability to inhibit ricin-mediated killing of cultured cells. Subsequent epitope binding analysis using the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) array biosensor (ProteOn XPR36) indicated three distinct, non-competitive binding epitopes (“bins”). The association (ka) and dissociation (kd) rate constants and binding affinities (KD) of each of the mAbs to ricin were also determined by SPR using Biacore T100 instrument. Affinities (KD) ranged from 0.1 nM to 9 nM. We present the coding sequences of the variable domains of the six mAbs, the expression, kinetic and cytotoxicity assays for two recombinant Fab (rFab) fragments and demonstrate a rFab affinity improvement by chain-shuffling. Together, these antibodies and constituent rFabs represent a panel of reagents for high-affinity recognition of ricin with potential national security biosensor applications.
Cancer Genes by Illegitimate Recombination<sup>a</sup> (1989)

Retroviral onc genes are as yet the only proven cancer genes. They are generated by rare illegitimate recombinations between retroviruses and cellular genes, termed proto-onc genes. The claims that these proto-onc genes cause virus-free cancers upon "activation" by mechanisms that do not alter their germline structure are challenged. Instead, it is proposed that retroviral onc genes and cellular cancer genes are generated de novo by illegitimate recombinations that alter the germline structure of normal genes.
Combinatorial Library of Peptidotriazoles:  Identification of [1,2,3]-Triazole Inhibitors against a Recombinant<i>Leishmania</i><i>m</i><i>exicana</i>Cysteine Protease (2004)

A library consisting of about half of 800 000 possible peptidotriazoles on 450 000 beads was prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis combined with a regiospecific copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between a resin-bound alkyne and a protected amino azide. The central [1,2,3]-triazole was flanked on each side by two randomized amino acids introduced in a combinatorial approach. Importantly, the formation of the triazole could be performed quantitatively in a randomized fashion. The library was screened on solid phase for inhibitory effect against a recombinant cysteine protease, Leishmania mexicana CPB2.8DeltaCTE and sorted by a high-throughput instrument, COPAS beadsorter (up to 200 000 beads/h). Forty-eight hits were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS providing structural information about the protease specificity, and 23 peptidotriazoles were resynthesized and evaluated in solution, with the best inhibitor displaying a K(i) value of 76 nM. A one-pot procedure was used to convert Fmoc-amino azides into their corresponding Boc derivatives. The crucial influence of weak interactions with a spacer used for detection by MALDI-TOF MS on screening results was observed.
Glycosaminoglycan-Mimetic Biomaterials. 3. Glycopolymers Prepared from Alkene-Derivatized Mono- and Disaccharide-Based Glycomonomers (2002)

Mono- and disaccharide-containing glycopolymers were synthesized by two different free-radical processes, and their ability to act as heparan sulfate glycomimetics in promoting the binding of Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 (FGF-2) to its receptor (FGFR-1) was evaluated using an in vitro cell-based assay. Cyanoxyl (*OC triple bond N)-mediated polymerization of acrylamide with alkene-derivatized mono- and disaccharides including sulfated or nonsulfated N-acetyl-D-glucosamine is described. The results of this approach are compared to those obtained via the classical ammonium peroxodisulfate (APS)/N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) initiating system and confirm the capacity of cyanoxyl-mediated polymerization to generate a variety of glycopolymers with high saccharide contents and low polydispersity indexes. In vitro assays demonstrate that specific glycopolymers can potentiate FGF-2/FGFR-1 binding interactions.
Fucoidan Extracted From Cladosiphon Okamuranus Tokida Induces Apoptosis of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1-Infected T-Cell Lines and Primary Adult T-Cell Leukemia Cells (2005)

Abstract Abstract: Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and remains incurable. The highest endemic area of HTLV-1 carriers in Japan is located in Okinawa, and novel treatments are urgently needed in this area. We extracted fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide, from the brown seaweed Cladosiphon okamuranus Tokida cultivated in Okinawa, Japan and examined its tumor-suppression activity against ATL. Fucoidan significantly inhibited the growth of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of ATL patients and HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines but not that of normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Fucoidan induced apoptosis of HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines mediated through downregulation of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein-2 and survivin and G1 phase accumulation through the downregulation of cyclin D2, c-myc, and hyperphosphorylated form of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein. Further analysis showed that fucoidan inactivated NF-κB and activator protein-1 and inhibited NF-κB-inducible chemokine, C-C chemokine ligand 5 (regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted) production, and homotypic cell-cell adhesion of HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines. In vivo use of fucoidan resulted in partial inhibition of growth of tumors of an HTLV-1-infected T-cell line transplanted subcutaneously in severe combined immune deficient mice. Our results indicate that fucoidan is a potentially useful therapeutic agent for patients with ATL.
COVID-19 Artificial Intelligence Diagnosis Using Only Cough Recordings (2020)

<i>Goal:</i> We hypothesized that COVID-19 subjects, especially including asymptomatics, could be accurately discriminated only from a forced-cough cell phone recording using Artificial Intelligence. To train our MIT Open Voice model we built a data collection pipeline of COVID-19 cough recordings through our website (opensigma.mit.edu) between April and May 2020 and created the largest audio COVID-19 cough balanced dataset reported to date with 5,320 subjects. <i>Methods:</i> We developed an AI speech processing framework that leverages acoustic biomarker feature extractors to pre-screen for COVID-19 from cough recordings, and provide a personalized patient saliency map to longitudinally monitor patients in real-time, non-invasively, and at essentially zero variable cost. Cough recordings are transformed with Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient and inputted into a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based architecture made up of one Poisson biomarker layer and 3 pre-trained ResNet50's in parallel, outputting a binary pre-screening diagnostic. Our CNN-based models have been trained on 4256 subjects and tested on the remaining 1064 subjects of our dataset. Transfer learning was used to learn biomarker features on larger datasets, previously successfully tested in our Lab on Alzheimer's, which significantly improves the COVID-19 discrimination accuracy of our architecture. <b><i>Results:</i> When validated with subjects diagnosed using an official test, the model achieves COVID-19 sensitivity of 98.5% with a specificity of 94.2% (AUC: 0.97). For asymptomatic subjects it achieves sensitivity of 100% with a specificity of 83.2%</b>. <i>Conclusions:</i> AI techniques can produce a free, non-invasive, real-time, any-time, instantly distributable, large-scale COVID-19 asymptomatic screening tool to augment current approaches in containing the spread of COVID-19. Practical use cases could be for daily screening of students, workers, and public as schools, jobs, and transport reopen, or for pool testing to quickly alert of outbreaks in groups. General speech biomarkers may exist that cover several disease categories, as we demonstrated using the same ones for COVID-19 and Alzheimer's.
A study of the Mechanisms of Wet Spherical Agglomeration of Pharmaceutical Powders (1996)

Spherical agglomeration of a number of chemical and pharmaceutical powders was effected in a stirred liquid mixture using the novel technique developed by Kawashima and Capes, with modifications. The compounds were first classified into four groups on the basis of their solubilities in the liquid systems employed and, accordingly, agglomerated using appropriately developed methods. Each powdered material was first suspended in a liquid medium (external phase) and agglomeration was achieved by addition of a relatively small amount of “bridging” liquid (internal phase) which was immiscible with the (external) dispersion medium. The resulting spherical agglomerates were examined for size, binding strength, and surface topography. It appeared that a considerable number of the suspended particles initially underwent partial dissolution in the bridging liquid. The dissolved portion then collected the undissolved powder into spherical agglomerates under the influence of continuous stirring. Based on the trials and observations on a number of materials ranging from inorganics to organics, the general guidelines for spherical agglomeration of pharmaceutical powders were established. It is hoped that these guidelines will aid the application of this technique in the pharmaceutical and allied industries.
Gradient descent bit flipping algorithms for decoding LDPC codes (2008)

A novel class of bit-flipping (BF) algorithms for decoding low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes is presented. The proposed algorithms, which are called gradient descent bit flipping (GDBF) algorithms, can be regarded as simplified gradient descent algorithms. Based on gradient descent formulation, the proposed algorithms are naturally derived from a simple nonlinear objective function.