gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Leakage aware dynamic voltage scaling for real-time embedded systems (2004)

A five-fold increase in leakage current is predicted with each technology generation. While Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) is known to reduce dynamic power consumption, it also causes increased leakage energy drain by lengthening the interval over which a computation is carried out. Therefore, for minimization of the total energy, one needs to determine an operating point, called the critical speed. We compute processor slowdown factors based on the critical speed for energy minimization. Procrastination scheduling attempts to maximize the duration of idle intervals by keeping the processor in a sleep/shutdown state even if there are pending tasks, within the constraints imposed by performance requirements. Our simulation experiments show that the critical speed slowdown results in up to 5% energy gains over a leakage oblivious dynamic voltage scaling. Procrastination scheduling scheme extends the sleep intervals to up to 5 times, resulting in up to an additional 18% energy gains, while meeting all timing requirements.
Paracrine Molecules of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche (2011)

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are both adult stem cells residing in the bone marrow. MSCs interact with HSCs, they stimulate and enhance the proliferation of HSCs by secreting regulatory molecules and cytokines, providing a specialized microenvironment for controlling the process of hematopoiesis. In this paper we discuss how MSCs contribute to HSC niche, maintain the stemness and proliferation of HSCs, and support HSC transplantation.
Turning Words Into Consumer Preferences: How Sentiment Analysis Is Framed in Research and the News Media (2018)

Sentiment analysis is an increasingly popular instrument for the analysis of social media discourse. Sentiment scores seemingly represent an objective means of assessing the mood of social media users, consumers, and the public at large. Similar to other computational tools, sentiment analysis promises to reduce complexity and mitigate information overload, and to inform the decisions of marketers, pollsters, and scholars with reliable data. This article argues that the assumptions encoded into sentiment analysis as a method are accompanied by a number of constraints, both regarding its technical limitations (in terms of what sentiment analysis can and cannot accomplish) and conceptually (in terms of what the notion of sentiment implicitly represents), constraints which are often de-emphasized in public discourse. After providing an overview of its history and development in computer science as well as psychology and the social sciences, we turn to the role of sentiment as a currency in the attention economy. We then present a brief study of common framing of sentiment analysis in the news media, highlighting the expectations that exist regarding its analytical capabilities. We close by discussing the kind of conceptual work that takes place around computational methods such as sentiment analysis in specific cultural environments, highlighting their influence on the public imaginary.
XAFS studies of Tb or Eu cored dendrimer complexes with various properties of luminescence (2001)

We studied the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) of Tb or Eu L3-edge of Tb(III) or Eu(III)-cored complexes of different luminescence to which different poly(benzyl ether) dendrons coordinated. The complexes were prepared via a ligand exchange reaction of dendritic carboxylic acid and acetate. Results show that (a) the Eu complex of the first generation of the 3,4- or 3,5-dibenzyloxyphenyl type had a coordination structure different from that of the 2,4-dibenzyloxyphenyl type; (b) the Eu complex of the first generation of 3,5-dinaphthylmethoxyphenyl type had a Eu-O coordination number higher than the total number of oxygen atoms in the carboxylate groups; (c) the Tb complex of the bulky fourth generation had a Th-O coordination number higher than that of the first generation. These results show that the different poly(benzyl ether) dendrons cause the different coordination, which might differently influence the luminescence properties of the complexes.
Electronically Coupled MM Quadruply-Bonded Complexes (M = Mo or W) Employing Functionalized Terephthalate Bridges:  Toward Molecular Rheostats and Switches (2005)

Toluene solutions of M2(O2C(t)Bu)4 (M = Mo, W; 2 equiv) react with a range of functionalized terephthalic acids, HO2CArCO2H (Ar = C6H4, C6F4, C6Cl4, C6H2-2,5-Cl2, C6H2-2,5-(OH)2, C6H3-2-F), to give [(tBuCO2)3M2]2[mu-O2CArCO2]. These compounds show intense ML(bridge)CT absorptions in the visible region of the electronic spectrum, and the terephthalate bridge serves to electronically couple the two M2 units via interactions between the M2 delta and bridge pi orbitals. Electronic structure calculations reveal how the degree of electronic coupling is controlled by the dihedral angles between the terephthalate C6 ring and the two CO2 units and the degree of interaction between the M4 delta MOs and the LUMO of the bridge. Both of these factors are controlled by the aryl substituents, and collectively these determine the thermochromism displayed by these complexes in solution together with the physical properties of the oxidized radical cations as determined by electrochemical studies (CV, DPV), UV-vis-NIR and EPR spectroscopic methods.
FXYD Proteins: New Tissue-Specific Regulators of the Ubiquitous Na,K-ATPase (2003)

Maintenance of the Na+ and K+ gradients between the intracellular and extracellular milieus of animal cells is a prerequisite for basic cellular homeostasis and for functions of specialized tissues. The Na,K-ATPase, an oligomeric P-type adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), is composed of a catalytic α subunit and a regulatory β subunit and is the main player that fulfils these tasks. A variety of regulatory mechanisms are necessary to guarantee appropriate Na,K-ATPase expression and activity adapted to changing physiological demands. Recently, a regulatory mechanism was defined that is mediated by interaction of Na,K-ATPase with small proteins of the FXYD family, which possess a single transmembrane domain and so far have been considered as channels or regulators of ion channels. The mammalian FXYD proteins FXYD1 through FXYD7 exhibit tissue-specific distribution. Phospholemman (FXYD1) in heart and skeletal muscle, the γ subunit of Na,K-ATPase (FXYD2) and corticosteroid hormone-induced factor (FXYD4, also known as CHIF) in the kidney, and FXYD7 in the brain associate preferentially with the widely expressed Na,K-ATPase α1-β1 isozyme and modulate its transport activity in a way that conforms to tissue-specific requirements. Thus, tissue- and isozyme-specific interaction of Na,K-ATPase with FXYD proteins contributes to proper handling of Na+ and K+ by the Na,K-ATPase, and ensures correct function in such processes as renal Na+-reabsorption, muscle contraction, and neuronal excitability.
Ultrasmall modal volume and high <i>Q</i> factor optimization of a photonic crystal slab cavity (2013)

We investigate the photonic crystal slab cavities with different symmetries (C2,σv, C3,σv, C6,σv), and try to find out the rules for increasing the Q factor and reducing the effective modal volume value. The results indicate that the cavity with C2,σv symmetry may be the most suitable candidate, which has high Q factor and small effective modal volume. Based on the cavity with C2,σv symmetry, we use the improved geometry projection method to optimize the shapes of neighbor holes of the cavity and obtain a new slab cavity structure with a high Q value of 5.15 × 105 and small effective modal volume value of 0.09(λ0/n)3. The performance of such a structure is better than in previous reports, which is significant for developing photonic crystal cavity based devices.
Immunoreactivity reduction of wheat flour proteins modified by the treatment with subtilisin. (2008)

The immune response of wheat flour modified by the treatment with subtilisin under different conditions of temperature, incubation periods and the ratio of enzyme/wheat flour was investigated. Respective protein fractions, namely, albumins, globulins, gliadins and glutenins were obtained from the modified wheat flour on the basis of their diverse solubility. The particular wheat protein fractions were examined for the immune reaction by the use of an indirect non-competitive ELISA method. Commercially available antibodies, namely, monoclonal anti-human IgG and monoclonal anti-human IgE conjugates with alkaline phosphatase and human sera with elevated IgG as well as rabbit sera against QQQPP peptide were tested. The highest decrease in gliadins immunoreactivity was observed for wheat flour modified under following conditions: temperature 37°C, 18 h of incubation time and the enzyme/wheat flour ratio of 1:10 000.
TCP smart framing: a segmentation algorithm to reduce TCP latency (2005)

TCP Smart Framing, or TCP-SF for short, enables the Fast Retransmit/Recovery algorithms even when the congestion window is small. Without modifying the TCP congestion control based on the additive-increase/multiplicative-decrease paradigm, TCP-SF adopts a novel segmentation algorithm: while Classic TCP always tries to send full-sized segments, a TCP-SF source adopts a more flexible segmentation algorithm to try and always have a number of in-flight segments larger than 3 so as to enable Fast Recovery. We motivate this choice by real traffic measurements, which indicate that today's traffic is populated by short-lived flows, whose only means to recover from a packet loss is by triggering a Retransmission Timeout. The key idea of TCP-SF can be implemented on top of any TCP flavor, from Tahoe to SACK, and requires modifications to the server TCP stack only, and can be easily coupled with recent TCP enhancements. The performance of the proposed TCP modification were studied by means of simulations, live measurements and an analytical model. In addition, the analytical model we have devised has a general scope, making it a valid tool for TCP performance evaluation in the small window region. Improvements are remarkable under several buffer management schemes, and maximized by byte-oriented schemes.
Target-Preserving Content-Aware Image Resizing (2012)

This paper presents an automatic target-preserving content-aware image resizing method for displaying image with different aspect ratios. the method computes a saliency map which describes the attractive and unattractive regions in an image by the saliency-based visual attention model. then a thresholding technique is applied to detect important target regions on the saliency map. the method uses an average strategy to calculate the height of each row and the width of each column outside the important regions. Next an interpolation technique is used to resize the image to its target size. Experimental results show that the proposed image resizing method is capable of preserving important target without deformation.
Hindered diffusion of a single sphere very near a wall in a nonuniform force field (1993)

Total internal reflection microscopy is used to monitor Brownian fluctuations in the elevation of a single 10 μm sphere, levitated 0.05 to 0.35 μm above a glass plate by double-layer repulsion in a dilute aqueous salt solution. An analysis reveals that the initial slope of the autocorrelation function of the scattering intensity yields the diffusion coefficient evaluated at the weighted-average elevation in which the product of the Boltzmann factor and the square of the scattering intensity for that elevation are used as the weighting factor. When the sphere is very close to the wall, its mobility is expected to be significantly reduced owing to hydrodynamic interactions with the wall. Diffusion coefficients as small as 1.5% of the Stokes–Einstein value in the bulk were measured. Using Brenner’s relation between mobility and elevation [Chem. Eng. Sci. 16, 242 (1961)], the average elevation was inferred from the ratio of the average diffusion coefficient to its bulk value. The result is compared to the elevation obtained from the brightness of the sphere. Good agreement is obtained between the elevations inferred from the two independent measurements.
»Da der erste Theil ihres Briefs so war wie ihr Abschied, (doch sie nahmen gar keinen)…« Briefe an Jean Paul 1781–1797 (2004)

Die soeben erschienenen ersten beiden Bände Briefe an Jean Paul dokumentieren den Weg Johann Paul Friedrich Richters vom Leipziger Studenten der Theologie und wenig erfolgreichen Satiriker zum gefeierten Autor des Hesperus, der begeisterte Zuschriften seiner Leserinnen und Leser erhält — etwa die Charlotte von Kalbs aus Weimar — und dem sich dort wie andernorts bis dahin verschlossene Türen öffnen.1 Die Briefe vervollständigen, komplementär zu den von Eduard Berend in der dritten Abteilung der Historisch-kritischen Ausgabe veröffentlichten Briefen des Autors, das Bild seiner Korrespondenz.2 Sie gewähren neue Einblicke in das kommunikative Umfeld, in dem Jean Paul erfunden wurde, sowie in die Dynamik, mit der die Schriften des Autors ihre Leserinnen und Leser erreichten, freundschaftliche und geschäftliche Beziehungen neu entstanden, der Name Jean Paul in immer weitere Kreise ausstrahlte und von dort die früher vergeblich erwartete Resonanz erhielt.
Design of a Programmable Low Drop-Out Regulator using CMOS Technology (2015)

Low drop-out regulators (LDO) are circuits which are designed to provide a stable and specified DC voltage, with a low input-to-output voltage difference. To get a new approach of power management towards a design of a low drop-out voltage regulator that provides a modern system on chip (SoC) solution and fulfils the present commercial requirements as well as the upcoming demands of the future, it becomes necessary to design the LDO regulator which gives all-rounder performance. This LDO should beware of various performance matrices. Also future nm technology offers more advantages in achieving most of the performance specifications. This paper presents a lowvoltage low-dropout regulator that is capable of providing regulated output with small drop-out voltage and offers a range of different voltages, by using two binary-input control signals. The entire circuit has been designed in a 32 nm technology and simulated using Microwind tool. This design utilizes a cascode current amplifier used with a high threshold PMOS operated in the sub-threshold region, which is responsible to boost the gain and yield the desired output voltage.
Fabrication of Back-Side Illuminated Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Image Sensor Using Compliant Bump (2010)

We fabricated a back-side illuminated (BSI) complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor in which a very-thin BSI photodiode array chip was stacked on a CMOS read-out circuit chip by compliant bumps. Cone-shaped bumps made of Au were prepared as the compliant bumps. The base diameter was 10–12 µm and the height was 9–10 µm. To fabricate the BSI CMOS image sensor, we developed a novel thin-chip assembly process. The key features of the process are as follows: preparation of a photodiode array wafer and a CMOS read-out circuit wafer, Au cone bump formation, bonding to support glass, thinning of the photodiode array wafer to 21 µm, through silicon via (TSV) formation using Cu electroplating, formation of back-side electrodes, transfer of the photodiode array wafer to a polymer support tape, dicing of the photodiode array wafer, separation of support tape, formation of Ni–Au bumps, dicing of CMOS read-out circuit wafer, and three-dimensional (3D) chip-stacking. The BSI CMOS image sensor thus fabricated has the following specifications: number of active pixels is 16,384 (128 ×128), photodiode size is approximately 18 µm square, photodiode pitch is 24 µm, and fill factor is approximately 55%. No defects were observed in the obtained image frames.
Lyotropic and Thermotropic Phase Behavior of Hydrated Monoacylglycerols:  Structure Characterization of Monovaccenin (1998)

This work is part of a long-term research effort to establish the relationship between lipid molecular structure and lyotropic and thermotropic mesophase propensity by comparing the equilibrium temperature−composition phase diagrams of a homologous series of monoacylglycerols. Here we report the temperature−composition phase diagram of monovaccenin (a C18:1c11 monoacylglycerol) in water, constructed using small-angle X-ray scattering in the temperature range of ca. 0−110 °C and the composition range of ca. 0−60% (w/w) water in the heating direction. The interpreted equilibrium phase diagram is based on several hundred discrete X-ray diffraction measurements in temperature−composition space recorded as a function of temperature in 5 °C increments and of composition in 4% (w/w) water increments on average. The phases identified and characterized structurally in this system include the lamellar crystal phase, the lamellar liquid crystal phase, two inverted cubic phases (Q230, Ia3d; Q224, Pn3m), the inverted hexagonal phase, and the fluid isotropic phase. The monovaccenin/water phase diagram is very similar to that of the monoolein (a C18:1c9 monoacylglycerol)/water system. However, there are important differences in transition temperatures and phase boundary positions between the two that we attribute to differences in the effective length and shape of the corresponding amphiphiles. The sensitive response to temperature and lipid identity of the average water channel radius in the fully hydrated, bicontinuous cubic phase makes monoacylglycerol systems important potential candidates for controlled drug release and membrane protein crystallization.
Nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions in cell hybrids between mouse oocytes, blastomeres and somatic cells (1980)

With the help of the technique of Sendai virus-mediated cell fusion, hybrid cells were produced between two maturing oocytes, between maturing oocytes or mature secondary oocytes and interphase blastomeres from 2-cell embryos, and between secondary oocytes and follicle cells (FC). In the first case giant oocytes form and in these the two groups of condensing bivalents join on a common spindle, undergo a first meiotic division, and become arrested in metaphase II; these hybrids are heterozygous diploids. When blastomeres are fused with oocytes undergoing maturation, then the blastomere nucleus undergoes premature chromosome condensation (PCC), and two sets of chromosomes (meiotic and mitotic) come close to each other but the mitotic chromosomes are not fully incorporated into the meiotic spindle. The behaviour of the nuclei from blastomeres or from follicle cells fused with secondary ovulated oocytes, depends on whether or not the oocyte undergoes activation. When the oocyte is not activated, then the introduced nuclei undergo PCC but the chromosomes remain separate from the spindle of metaphase II. When the oocyte is activated, then the introduced nuclei remain in interphase; the FC nuclei may increase their volume eight times and undergo some other structural changes but during the 6 h period after fusion their appearance remains distinct from that of the female pronucleus. Since some oocytes are not activated after fusion has occurred, it follows that the fusion process itself is not sufficient to trigger egg activation.
Efficacy of Influenza Vaccine in Nursing Homes (1985)

From December 10, 1982, to March 4, 1983, when influenza A (H3N2) viruses circulated in Michigan, outbreaks of influenza-like illness were identified in seven nursing homes in Genesee County; 272 (27%) of 1,018 residents were affected. Unvaccinated residents were more likely than vaccinated residents to become ill (risk ratio [RR], 2.6; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 1.8-3.6) and were subsequently more likely to be hospitalized (RR, 2.4; 95% Cl, 1.2-4.8), develop roentgenographically proven pneumonia (RR, 2.9; 95% Cl, 1.6-5.3), or die (RR, 5.6; 95% Cl, 1.2-9.1). Similar observations were made during investigations in six of the eight remaining nursing homes in Genesee County, in which 57 (12%) of 458 residents became ill sporadically. These findings suggest that influenza vaccine can reduce the incidence and severity of influenza virus infections among the elderly and chronically ill and underscore the importance of vaccination programs for those in nursing homes and in the general community.
The future of cervical cancer prevention in Europe. (2007)

Cervical cancer remains a significant source of disease and death in Europe. However, we now have the means to prevent virtually every case of cervical cancer through comprehensive, population-based, organised cervical cancer prevention programmes that effectively integrate cervical screening with the new technologies and vaccines that are now available. Given the potential health benefits of these programmes in reducing disease incidence and mortality, their establishment is now an ethical imperative for all European countries.
Multichip vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers: a coherent power scaling scheme (2006)

We propose an efficient coherent power scaling scheme, the multichip vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser (VECSEL), in which the waste heat generated in the active region is distributed on multi-VECSEL chips such that the pump level at the thermal rollover is significantly increased. The advantages of this laser are discussed, and the development and demonstration of a two-chip VECSEL operating around 970 nm with over 19 W of output power is presented.
Processing and Presentation of the Islet Autoantigen GAD by Vascular Endothelial Cells Promotes Transmigration of Autoreactive T-Cells (2003)

Type 1 diabetes is characterized by T-cell infiltration of the islets of Langerhans and abundant HLA class II molecule expression on islet endothelial cells (ECs). The specificity of infiltrating T-cells for islet autoantigens has been amply demonstrated in animal models, and is implicit in human diabetes, but the processes regulating endothelial transmigration of islet autoantigen-specific T-cells into islets are not known. We examined the ability of ECs expressing HLA class II molecules to process and present the islet autoantigen GAD65 and examined the effects of presentation on transmigration of GAD65-specific T-cells. Primary cultures of human vascular ECs expressing the DRB1*0401 (VEC1) and DRB1*0301 (VEC2) genotypes were established and de novo expression of HLA class II molecules induced with interferon-gamma. Under these conditions, VEC1 efficiently processed and presented whole GAD65 to the HLA-DR4-restricted murine T-cell hybridoma T33.1 that recognizes the 274-286 epitope of GAD65. Using a transwell system, we examined the effect of GAD65 presentation on migration of GAD65-specific T-cells across EC monolayers. Migration of T33.1 hybridoma cells and of the human T-cell clone, PM1#11 (recognizes GAD65 epitope 339-352 presented by HLA-DR3) across VEC1 and VEC2, respectively, were greatly enhanced in the presence of GAD65, commencing more rapidly and achieving a higher peak migration at 3 h. Migrated PM1#11 cells retained full proliferative capacity. These results support the hypothesis that presentation of autoantigens by islet endothelium in vivo could promote transmigration of circulating islet autoantigen-specific T-cells primed in regional lymph nodes against islet autoantigens.