gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure of Mixed Carboxylic Acid Terminated Self-Assembled Monolayers:  Experimental and Theoretical Investigation (2007)

The structure and stability of mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) and 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) prepared by immersion in ethanolic solutions were studied by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, ellipsometry, and STM as a function of the thiol composition of the forming solution. The presence of a single reductive desorption peak in the voltammograms of the mixed SAMs and the lack of phase segregation observed by STM support the formation of homogeneous SAMs despite the large chain length difference between MPA and MUA. To explain the driving force leading to the formation of a homogeneous mixture, intermolecular interactions within the SAM were investigated using density functional theory. The carboxyl groups of adjacent MPA and MUA molecules in a compact monolayer can form a stable head to head cyclic dimer with a hydrogen bond strength of 16.2 kcal/mol. The flexibility of the alkyl chain of MUA allows the carboxyl groups of adjacent MPA and MUA molecules to be located on the same plane. However, the carboxyls of adjacent MPA−MPA and MUA−MUA pairs form much weaker hydrogen bonds because steric constraints avoid the formation of the stable cyclic dimer. Therefore, the prevalence of MPA−MUA interactions over MPA−MPA and MUA−MUA interactions explains the homogeneous mixing of MPA and MUA. The potential chemical switchability properties of mixed monolayers of mercaptoalcanoic acids of different chain lengths as a function of the solution pH are discussed.
A Two-Step Hydrothermal Synthesis Approach to Monodispersed Colloidal Carbon Spheres (2009)

This work reports a newly developed two-step hydrothermal method for the synthesis of monodispersed colloidal carbon spheres (CCS) under mild conditions. Using this approach, monodispersed CCS with diameters ranging from 160 to 400 nm were synthesized with a standard deviation around 8%. The monomer concentration ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 M is in favor of generation of narrower size distribution of CCS. The particle characteristics (e.g., shape, size, and distribution) and chemical stability were then characterized by using various techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FT-IR spectrum analysis, and thermalgravity analysis (TGA). The possible nucleation and growth mechanism of colloidal carbon spheres were also discussed. The findings would be useful for the synthesis of more monodispersed nanoparticles and for the functional assembly.
Road Recognition in High Resolution SAR Image Based on Genetic Algorithm (2006)

Road recognition from SAR image is a very important problem. In this paper, a new method is proposed which can detect multiple roads in an image. Firstly binary edge image is gained by Canny operator and edge refining. Secondly, edge curves are encoded by reversible chained list, and fitness function is constructed based on SAR image road models, and optimal road boundary curves are linked by improved genetic algorithm. Thirdly, complete road boundaries are detected by curve fitting. At last, mated long road edge curves are found out and road surface are stuffed. The experiment shows that this algorithm can realize roads recognition and eliminate influence of other non-road.
Constant-Current Stressing of SiCr-Based Thin Film Resistors: Initial "Wearout" Investigation (2006)

We have started an investigation of the "wearout" characteristics of our thin film resistors, beginning with two of these processes at the Analog Devices (ADI) Silicon Valley wafer fab. Our goals are (1) to find out what happens to these resistors under accelerated stress and define "failure", (2) to generate better reliability-based design rules as a function of current density, temperature, and resistor geometry, and (3) to compare results between "equivalent" resistor films produced in two of our internal fabs as part of a process transfer. We have characterized the changes in resistance and temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) as a result of accelerated to highly accelerated test conditions and determined activation energies for some of these changes
Approaches to Multisensor Data Fusion in Target Tracking: A Survey (2006)

The tracking of objects using distributed multiple sensors is an important field of work in the application areas of autonomous robotics, military applications, and mobile systems. In this survey, we review a number of computationally intelligent methods that are used for developing robust tracking schemes through sensor data fusion. The survey discusses the application of the various algorithms at different layers of the JDL model and highlights the weaknesses and strengths of the approaches in the context of different applications.
Studies on Mesoionic Compounds. II. Synthesis of N-Acyl Derivatives of 3-Dialkylaminosydnonimines (1971)

A number of N-acyl and N-nitroso-3-dialkylaminosydnonimines (II) were synthesized by various acylating methods. In some cases, the acylation with activated esters, mixed anhydrides or dicyclohexylcarbodiimide was found to be more favorable. The reactivities of these derivatives towards acids and alkalis were investigated. Trifluoroacetyl (II-6) and formyl (II-1) compounds were easily deacylated in varuous conditions. Methylation took place at the acylated imino nitrogen of N-ethoxycarbonyl compound to give the quaternary salt (II-18). N-Acetyl compound (II-2) was compared with its 3-alkyl analog in the physicochemical properties ; its pKa values reveals that the morpholino group has little effect on the basicity of the compound.
Scaling of 85 GHz gyrotron to operate at 94 GHz (1990)

This paper describes how a 94 GHz, 70 kV gyrotron operating in the TE13 mode was designed and built. The novel feature of the design is that it was based to a large degree on a previously built gyrotron that operated at a lower frequency. The highest efficiency achieved was 32% at 4 A, which agrees well with theoretical predictions. However, the maximum theoretical efficiency is about 45% at 10 A, but measured efficiency at this value of current was less than 20%. The highest power measured was 135 kW at 12 A.
Improvement of induction motor drive systems supplied by photovoltaic arrays with frequency control (1994)

The overall efficiency of an induction motor drive system, powered by a PV array, drops significantly when the insolation condition varies away from its nominal level. This problem can be overcame using a control method in which the frequency of the inverter's PWM control signal is adjusted according to the insolation and temperature conditions. The motor speed, and therefore, the power delivered to the load, are adjusted by controlling the inverter's frequency. This eliminates the mismatch between the maximum power that is available from the source and the power that is required by the load. Simulation results presented in this paper show that using the proposed control system allows the induction motor drive system to maintain its optimum efficiency and deliver consistently more power to the load when insolation and temperature vary from the nominal level. This method also offers an improvement in the system stability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Processing of Pro-atrial Natriuretic Peptide by Corin in Cardiac Myocytes (2002)

Corin is a type II transmembrane serine protease abundantly expressed in the heart. In a previous study using transfected 293 cells, we showed that corin converted pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (pro-ANP) to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), suggesting that corin is likely the pro-ANP convertase. Because other serine proteases such as thrombin and kallikrein had previously also been shown to cleave pro-ANP in vitro, it remained to demonstrate that corin is indeed the endogenous pro-ANP convertase in cardiomyocytes. In this study, we examined pro-ANP processing in a murine cardiac muscle cell line, HL-5. Northern analysis showed that corin mRNA was present in HL-5 cells. In HL-5 cells transfected with a plasmid expressing pro-ANP, recombinant pro-ANP was converted to mature ANP as determined by Western analysis, indicating the presence of the endogenous pro-ANP convertase in these cells. The processed recombinant ANP was shown to be active in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based cGMP assay in baby hamster kidney cells. The processing of recombinant pro-ANP in HL-5 cells was highly sequence-specific, because mutation R98A, but not mutations R101A and R102A, in pro-ANP prevented the conversion of pro-ANP to ANP. Expression of recombinant wild-type corin enhanced the processing of pro-ANP in HL-5 cells. In contrast, overexpression of active site mutant corin S985A or transfection of oligonucleotide small interfering RNA duplexes directed against the mouse corin gene completely inhibited the processing of recombinant pro-ANP in HL-5 cells. These results indicate that corin is the physiological pro-ANP convertase in cardiac myocytes.
Saudi Critical Care Research from Middle East Respiratory Syndrome to COVID-19 (2020)

In the last decade, two major outbreaks caused by emerging coronaviruses have occurred: the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). More than 80% of cases of MERS have occurred in Saudi Arabia, while COVID-19 has been a worldwide infection. Both pandemics have been associated with a high burden of critical illness. Since the first case of MERS identified in 2012, the Saudi Critical Care Trials Group (SCCTG) has made collaborative efforts to learn from this disease. The SCCTG conducted the largest cohort study of critically ill patients with MERS, which led to several important papers characterizing the disease[1,2,3] and evaluating several interventions.[4,5,6] Recently, the results of the MIRACLE trial, which was conducted in 9 intensive care units (ICUs) in 5 cities in Saudi Arabia, was published.[7] The study examined the efficacy of the combination of lopinavir-ritonavir and interferon beta-1b and confirmed the ability of the SCCTG to conduct high-quality clinical trials. The knowledge base established, lessons learned, and experiences gained from the MERS pandemic became pivotal in the effective response to the current COVID-19 pandemic. The critical care services’ response in Saudi Arabia has been outstanding, reflecting the in-depth knowledge and the collaborative efforts learned from the past MERS pandemic. In this issue, the SCCTG presents a series of articles that reflect the multidimensional knowledge and research work regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. The diversity, breadth, and depth of topics are a testimony of the advancement in the field by the SCCTG and a reflection of a strong commitment to collaborative work. This is a continuation of the ongoing collaborative research by the SCCTG on several fronts which include: (a) capacity building among critical care research investigators and coordinators[8] which included conducting the Basic Assessment and Support in Intensive Care (BASIC) research course; (b) training and mentoring residents in conducting research projects, and (c) improving care in critically ill patients through quality improvement initiatives. The latter includes the National Approach to Standardize and Improve Mechanical Ventilation project[9,10] which has been an important milestone of a Kingdom-wide collaboration of 45 participating ICUs aiming at improving the care of mechanically ventilated patients. In addition, the SCCTG conducts regular activities including scientific meetings, workshops, and seminars. The current issue reflects the group active work on promoting high-quality research and advancing the critical care research agenda[11] which is expected to influence medical practice and improve patients’ outcome.
Electrical simulation of thin film inductors on silicon and glass substrates (2014)

Passive devices are widely used in all kinds of systems. Generally, most of the passive components in an electronic system are assembled as discrete components or passive arrays. Bu t a discrete passive component occupies a lot of space for the realization of its function. To overcome this shortcoming, one promising way is the integration of passive components into system in package. In this paper, we designed two kinds of thin film spiral inductors on both silicon and glass substrates. One is monolayer structure and, another has double layers. The inductors we re modeled and simulated using Finite Element Method (FEM). And, the electrical analysis was performed by ANSYS HFSS an dQ3D.
1-O-Hexadecyl-2-O-methylglycerol, a Novel Inhibitor of Protein Kinase C, Inhibits the Respiratory Burst in Human Neutrophils (1989)

To assess the role of protein kinase C (Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent enzyme) in the activation of the human neutrophil respiratory burst, we have utilized an ether lipid of the type 1-O-alkyl-2-O-methylglycerol (AMG), recently shown to be an inhibitor of this kinase. AMG-C16 (with an hexadecyl chain at the sn-1 position) was found to inhibit the respiratory burst induced by sub-optimal concentrations of phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate. Respiratory burst activity was recovered by subsequent addition of a supraoptimal dose of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, indicating that in the presence of the inhibitor only the activation of the NADPH:O2 oxidoreductase via protein kinase C is inhibited, but not the oxidoreductase itself. The respiratory burst induced by the chemoattractant N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) was also inhibited in the presence of AMG-C16, the extent of inhibition being dependent on the concentration of fMLP. At the concentrations applied in these studies, AMG-C16 had no effect on cell viability, did not affect the formation of inositol phosphates induced by fMLP, and did not affect the characteristics of the Ca2+ fluxes induced by the same stimulus. In a cell-free assay system, AMG-C16 had no effect on the activity of cAMP-dependent or Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase but inhibited protein kinase C in a dose-dependent fashion. To characterize the inhibitory action of AMG-C16 on the respiratory burst activity in more detail, we studied protein phosphorylation in relation to respiratory burst activity in neutrophil cytoplasts. We focused on the phosphorylation of the 47-kDa protein, because this protein is functionally associated with the NADPH:O2 oxidoreductase. At suboptimal concentrations of phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, AMG-C16 inhibited phosphorylation of proteins, including that of the 47-kDa protein. Recovery of protein phosphorylation in parallel to recovery of respiratory burst activity was obtained by addition of increasing doses of phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate. Recovery of respiratory burst activity at intermediate concentrations of fMLP did not result in a proportional increase in 47-kDa protein phosphorylation; phosphorylation of the 47-kDa protein was recovered only at high concentrations of fMLP. From these data we conclude that protein kinase C is involved in the activation of the respiratory burst by phorbol esters and fMLP. However, with fMLP as a stimulus, a second signal seems to be triggered, which is insensitive to AMG-C16.
Performance of a low complexity CELP speech coder under mobile channel fading conditions (2003)

The authors report on the simulation of a voice codec intended for the terrestrial and satellite radio environments. The coder is based on a complexity reduced version of code-excited linear prediction (CELP). The codebook search complexity has been reduced to only 0.5 MFLOPS (million floating point operations per second) while maintaining excellent speech quality. Novel methods to quantize the residual and the long- and short-term model filters are presented. Due to its inherent simplicity, the codec can be easily realized in VLSI form or implemented on a dedicated single-chip digital signal processor. The coder has been tested under simulated channel conditions. Different block coding and convolutional coding techniques have been applied to improve the performance of the coder in the presence of burst errors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pharmacogenomics of the OATP and OAT Families (2004)

Drug disposition is highly dependent on the interplay between drug metabolism and transport in organs such as the intestine, kidney, and liver. Genetically determined variation in drug transporter function or expression is now increasingly recognized to have a significant role as a determinant of intersubject variability in drug response. Similar to the discoveries of functional genetic variations in drug efflux transporters, such as multi-drug resistance proteins 1 and 2, there have been considerable advances in the identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms in transporters that facilitate cellular drug uptake. Among the uptake transporters, members of the organic anion-transporting polypeptides and organic anion transporters can mediate the cellular uptake of a large number of structurally divergent compounds. Accordingly, functionally relevant polymorphisms in these transporters may contribute to interindividual and interethnic variability in drug disposition and response. In this review, recent progress relating to pharmacogenomics of organic anion transporters will be outlined along with a compilation of currently known genetic polymorphisms.
PROTONATED CARBONYL GROUPS: IV. N,N-DIMETHYLACETAMIDE SALTS (1964)

The infrared spectra of N,N-dimethylacelamide salts have been recorded and are consistent with protonation at the oxygen atom, v OH is between 2 095 and 3 360 cm −1 depending on the anion. The average value of the two components of the OH in-plane hydrogen-bending mode, δ OH , is 1 253 cm −1 (splitting of about 147 cm −1 due to correlation field effects). The out-of-plane hydrogen-deformation mode occurs at 928 to 761 cm −1 depending on the salt. The 1 680 and 1 400 cm −1 bands which are present in all the salts are associated chiefly with stretching the CN and CO bonds respectively, in the OCN group, though it is likely that the vibrations are somewhat mixed.Some salts of complex acids are of the 2 base: 1 acid variety with very strong broad absorption centered near 900 cm −1 , containing sharp transmission windows.
Analysis of task migration in shared-memory multiprocessor scheduling (1991)

In shared-memory multiprocessor systems it may be more efficient to schedule a task on one processor than on mother. Due to the inevitability of idle processors in these environments, there exists an important tradeoff between keeping the workload balanced and scheduling tasks where they run most efficiently. The purpose of an adaptive task migration policy is to determine the appropriate balance between the extremes of this load sharing tradeoff.We make the observation that there are considerable differences between this load sharing problem in distributed and shared-memory multiprocessor systems, and we formulate a queueing theoretic model of task migration to study the problem. A detailed mathematical analysis of the model is developed, which includes the effects of increased contention for system resources induced by the task migration policy. Our objective is to provide a better understanding of task migration in shared-memory multiprocessor environments. In particular, we illustrate the potential for significant improvements in system performance, and we show that even when migration costs are large it may still be beneficial to migrate waiting tasks to idle processors. We further demonstrate the potential for unstable behavior under migratory scheduling policies, and we provide optimal policy thresholds that yield the best performance and avoid this form of processor thrashing.
The Gradient Projection Method for Nonlinear Programming. Part I. Linear Constraints (1960)

more constraints or equations, with either a linear or nonlinear objective function. This distinction is made primarily on the basis of the difficulty of solving these two types of nonlinear problems. The first type is the less difficult of the two, and in this, Part I of the paper, it is shown how it is solved by the gradient projection method. It should be noted that since a linear objective function is a special case of a nonlinear objective function, the gradient projection method will also solve a linear programming problem. In Part II of the paper [16], the extension of the gradient projection method to the more difficult problem of nonlinear constraints and equations will be described. The basic paper on linear programming is the paper by Dantzig [5] in which the simplex method for solving the linear programming problem is presented. The nonlinear programming problem is formulated and a necessary and sufficient condition for a constrained maximum is given in terms of an equivalent saddle value problem in the paper by Kuhn and Tucker [10]. Further developments motivated by this paper, including a computational procedure, have been published recently [1]. The gradient projection method was originally presented to the American Mathematical Society
Quarterwave layers: simulation by three thin layers of two materials (1985)

The simulation of a homogeneous quarterwave layer by a thin-film assembly requires that the complex amplitude reflections of both layer systems have to coincide at the design wavelength. Since the complex amplitude reflection consists of a real and an imaginary part (magnitude and phase), this requirement leads to two conditions for the simulating film assembly. The addition of a third condition, namely, the coincidence of the slopes of the magnitude curves at the design wavelength, yields a good approximation of the complex amplitude reflection of the homogeneous quarterwave layer over a broad wavelength range and is, therefore, called a wideband simulation. The three conditions for the wideband simulation can be fulfilled by three independent parameters. These can be the layer thicknesses of a three-layer system consisting of two materials.
Improving Data Availability through Dynamic Model-Driven Replication in Large Peer-to-Peer Communities (2003)

Efficient data sharing in global peer-to-peer systems is complicated by erratic node failure, unreliable network connectivity and limited bandwidth. Replicating data on multiple nodes can improve availability and response time. Yet determining when and where to replicate data in order to meet performance goals in large-scale systems with many users and files, dynamic network characteristics, and changing user behavior is difficult. We propose an approach in which peers create replicas automatically in a decentralized fashion, as required to meet availability goals. The aim of our framework is to maintain a threshold level of availability at all times. We identify a set of factors that hinder data availability and propose a model that decides when more replication is necessary. We evaluate the accuracy and performance of the proposed model using simulations. Our preliminary results show that the model is effective in predicting the required number of replicas in the system.