gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Creation and manipulation of common functional groups en route to a skeletally diverse chemical library (2011)

We have developed an efficient strategy to a skeletally diverse chemical library, which entailed a sequence of enyne cycloisomerization, [4 + 2] cycloaddition, alkene dihydroxylation, and diol carbamylation. Using this approach, only 16 readily available building blocks were needed to produce a representative 191-member library, which displayed broad distribution of molecular shapes and excellent physicochemical properties. This library further enabled identification of a small molecule, which effectively suppressed glycolytic production of ATP and lactate in CHO-K1 cell line, representing a potential lead for the development of a new class of glycolytic inhibitors.
Einführung (1996)

Die Kenntnis von der Wirkung der Psychopharmaka, ihrer möglichen Interaktionen und vor allem ihrer unerwünschten Wirkungen gehört zum unverzichtbaren Rüstzeug des praktisch tätigen Arztes in Klinik und Praxis. Das vorliegende Taschenbuch soll kein Lehrbuch ersetzen, es soll jedoch die Grundlagen einer Therapie mit den Hauptgruppen der Psychopharmaka bei psychiatrischen Erkrankungen vermitteln und gleichzeitig dem Arzt Beurteilungskriterien an die Hand geben, nach denen die Auswahl eines Psychopharmakons erfolgen kann.
Facilitating orientation in shared hypermedia workspaces (1999)

Shared workspaces are an important means for supporting long-term synchronous and asynchronous collaboration. Shared workspaces themselves become difficult to manage due to increasing size and constant change. This is especially true for shared hypermedia workspaces. Thus means for managing the shared hypermedia workspace in terms of keeping an overview of the group's work and coordinating changes become necessary.
Isolation of Human Umbilical Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells (HUASMC) (2010)

The human umbilical cord (UC) is a biological sample that can be easily obtained just after birth. This biological sample is, most of the time, discarded and their collection does not imply any added risk to the newborn or mother s health. Moreover no ethical concerns are raised. The UC is composed by one vein and two arteries from which both endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), two of the main cellular components of blood vessels, can be isolated. In this project the SMCs were obtained after enzymatic treatment of the UC arteries accordingly the experimental procedure previously described by Jaffe et al. After cell isolation they were kept in t-flash with DMEM-F12 supplemented with 5% of fetal bovine serum and were cultured for several passages. Cells maintained their morphological and other phenotypic characteristics in the different generations. The aim of this study was to isolate smooth muscle cells in order to use them as models for future assays with constrictor drugs, isolate and structurally characterize L-type calcium channels, to study cellular and molecular aspects of the vascular function and to use them in tissue engineering.
Curcumin Labeling of Neuronal Fibrillar Tau Inclusions in Human Brain Samples (2010)

The study aimed to characterize curcumin (CCM) (fluorescent yellow curry pigment) labeling of neuronal fibrillar tau inclusions (FTIs) in representative cases of 3 main tauopathies: Alzheimer disease (AD), progressive supranuclear palsy, and Pick disease. After identification of FTIs in hematoxylin and eosin-stained brain sections, sequential labeling and signal colocalization image analysis were used to compare CCM with thioflavine S (ThS), monoclonal antibody AT8 immunofluorescence, and Gallyas silver staining by visualizing the same FTIs. Curcumin preference for specific tau isoforms was tested with 3-repeat tau and 4-repeat tau isoform-specific immunofluorescence. Curcumin proved highly comparable to ThS and Gallyas staining in its detection of FTIs. When comparing CCM with AT8, ThS, and Gallyas staining in AD and progressive supranuclear palsy, 3 types of neuronal tau deposits were observed: nonfibrillar intracellular material labeled only with AT8, fibrillar intracellular inclusions labeled by all the methods, and fibrillar extracellular FTIs labeled with CCM, ThS, and Gallyas staining but not with AT8. Although CCM labeling overlapped with both 3-repeat tau and 4-repeat tau in AD, it did not label 3-repeat tau FTIs in Pick disease probably because of their different ultrastructural characteristics. In summary, CCM fluorescence reliably detected neuronal FTIs in AD and progressive supranuclear palsy and surpassed AT8 immunolabeling in visualizing later stages of FTIs, including ghost tangles. These results provide the basis for potential future applications of CCM binding of tau aggregates in diagnostic pathology and in vivo.
Effect of Xanthan Gum and CMC on the Structure and Texture of Corn Flour Pellets Expanded by Microwave Heating (2004)

ABSTRACT Third‐generation snacks obtained by microwave expansion of glassy cereal pellets are often hard and nonuniform and need to be improved to become acceptable to the consumer. Gums such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and xanthan gum (XG) have the ability to improve the volume, structure, and texture of expanded cereal products, due to their effects on moisture retention and rheological properties. This study investigates the effect of 1% addition of CMC and XG on the structural and mechanical properties of samples obtained by microwave expansion of glassy corn pellets. Unexpanded, glassy pellets were obtained by extrusion and subsequent equilibration at a w = 0.53 at room temperature. The equilibrated pellets were expanded by microwave heating. The addition of gums significantly improved the shape, structural and textural uniformity of the microwave‐expanded samples. These effects were attributed to the contribution of gums to the rheology and moisture sorption capacity of the matrix. It is our hypothesis that the extended hydrocolloid macromolecules interpenetrated the polymeric starch matrix and created a fine network of “holes” distributed relatively uniformly in the matrix, which served as additional nucleation sites for expansion. The conclusions of this study can be used in the design of high‐quality, fat‐free, third‐generation snacks.
Magnetic enzyme membranes as active elements of electrochemical sensors. Specific amino acid enzyme electrodes (1975)

The basic principle of the described magnetic enzyme electrodes is a kinetic accumulation of CO2 at the active layer electrode interface. The local pCO2 level is linked to three simultaneous phenomena: substrate diffusion in, enzyme reaction CO2 diffusion out. After a transient state there is a stationary state between the quantity of CO2 produced by the enzyme reaction and the CO2 diffusing from the active membrane to the bulk solution. Continuous determination of free amino acids in biological media is useful in biological processing, fermentation, medicine, pharmaceutical industries and biological research. No methods are presently available for any specific continuous measurement of lysine which is of nutritional importance in protein industrial syntheses; of phenylalanine and tyrosine which have to be monitored in several inborn diseases (phenylketonuria being the most important of them); of arginine and histidine which play a still imperfectly understood part in neurochemistry. The use of decarboxylase bearing membranes as sensors in such measurements could offer several novel advantages: (a) a simple device made of a currently manufactured electrode slightly modified by the use of an enzyme membrane; (b) The absence of any enzymic consumption due to the immobilization and the negligible consumption of substrate during the measurements; (c) The sensitivity which can be sharpened by a systematic study of the membrane parameters; (d) the continuous response of the electrode as long as it is in contact with the substrate solution; (e) the further feasibility as a miniature sensor. The magnetic device introduced allows obviously a convenient use of the enzyme electrode, the active part can be removed and replaced without disturbance for the pCO2 electrode itself. The enzyme electrodes are not only useful at the applied point of view but also at the fundamental point of view by allowing a direct measurement of an intra membrane concentration. The influence of simple structures on enzyme kinetics was studied with enzyme electrodes by our group, in the case of memory and oscillations obtained with enzyme systems.
Construction of green fluorescent protein retroviral vector and label of rat ebryonic neural stem cell (2004)

Objective To construct retroviral vector pLNCX2-GFP carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP) and to label rat fatal neural stem cells (NSCs) for further structure analysis and physiological recordings following transplantation.Methods Recombinant retroviral vector pLNCX2-GFP was constructed by directionally cloning GFP cDNA from pEGFP-N1 into the MCS of the retroviral vector pLNCX2.pLNCX2-GFP plasmid was transfected into packaging cell line PA317 by Lipofectamin.G418-resistant clones were selected in 4 weeks and viral stocks were gathered.Retroviral titer was tested by counting the number of NIH3T3 cells that expressed GFP observed under fluorescence microscopy.Fetal neural stem cells (NSCs) were isolated from the brain of 14-16 days embryonic SD rats,and cultured in serum-free medium with EGF,bFGF and supplements B27 after digestion.The recombinant viruses were used to infect NSCs.Results The recombination retroviral vector pLNCX2-GFP carrying selective marker GFP was constructed and was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis and DNA sequencing.GFP expression in packaging cell line PA317 transferred by pLNCX2-GFP by Lipofectamin was detected by fluorescence microscopy.Recombinant viruses were produced following transferred into packaging cell.Conclusion Retroviral vector can transferred the GFP cDNA into the fetal NSCs quickly and stably.This way of labeling is favorable for the structure analysis and physiological recordings following cell therapy in treatments of neurological disorders.
Fault detection in CMOS circuits by consumption measurement (1989)

Some testing problems in CMOS circuits are presented, including stuck-open and stuck-on faults, bridging faults, and excessive leakage in dynamic CMOS circuits. It is shown that the current consumption of a faulty CMOS circuit is several orders of magnitude greater than that of the fault-free circuit: hence, consumption measurement may be a suitable way of testing. Test by consumption measurement provides improved controllability and observability of some faults in comparison with the logic test.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Newborn Seizure Detection Based on Heart Rate Variability (2009)

In this paper, we investigate the use of heart rate variability (HRV) for automatic newborn seizure detection. The proposed method consists of a sequence of processing steps, namely, obtaining HRV from the ECG, extracting a discriminating HRV feature set, selecting an optimal subset from the full feature set, and, finally, classifying the HRV into seizure/nonseizure using a supervised statistical classifier. Due to the fact that HRV signals are nonstationary, a set of time-frequency features from the newborn HRV is proposed and extracted. In order to achieve efficient HRV-based automatic newborn seizure detection, a two-phase wrapper-based feature selection technique is used to select the feature subset with minimum redundancy and maximum class discriminability. Tested on ECG recordings obtained from eight newborns with identified EEG seizure, the proposed HRV-based neonatal seizure detection algorithm achieved 85.7% sensitivity and 84.6% specificity. These results suggest that the HRV is sensitive to changes in the cardioregulatory system induced by the seizure, and therefore, can be used as a basis for an automatic seizure detection.
Thermal stability and secondary breakdown in planar power MOSFET's (1980)

The destructive secondary-breakdown mechanism of high-voltage n-channel power MOSFET's is discussed. A model is proposed in which the secondary breakdown is caused primarily by the negative-resistance effects of a parasitic bipolar transistor structure. The model suggests that destructive breakdown can be suppressed by a new no-surface-breakdown structure fabricated on a p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> on p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> epitaxial wafer. Power MOSFET's having this structure have been realized and are completely free from secondary breakdowns, as suggested by the model. In addition, experimental evidence for excellent thermal stability of the power MOSFET is given by infrared scanner measurements of the temperature rise in the chip compared with bipolar transistors. An n-channel planar power MOSFET with a 400-W power limitation at 220-V breakdown voltage and a maximum current of 12 A has been successfully fabricated.
Properties and syntheses of sweetening agents (1977)

B. Crammer and R. Ikan, Chem. Soc. Rev., 1977, 6, 431 DOI: 10.1039/CS9770600431
Novel Learning and Exploration-Exploitation Methods for Effective Recommender Systems (2018)

Cette thèse, réalisée en entreprise en tant que thèse CIFRE dans l'entreprise fifty-five, étudie les algorithmes des systèmes de recommandation. Nous avons proposé trois nouveaux algorithmes améliorant l'état de l'art que ce soit en termes de performance ou de prise en compte des contraintes industrielles. Pour cela nous avons proposé un premier algorithme basé sur la factorisation de tenseur, généralisation de la factorisation de matrice couramment appliquée en filtrage collaboratif.Nous avons ensuite proposé un algorithme permettant d'améliorer l'état de l'art des solutions de complétion de paniers. L'objectif des algorithmes de complétion de paniers est de proposer à l'utilisateur un nouveau produit à ajouter au panier qu'il/elle est en train d'acheter permettant ainsi d'augmenter la valeur d'un utilisateur. Pour cela nous nous sommes appuyés sur les processus ponctuels déterminantal. Nous avons généralisé l'approche de la complétion de paniers par DPP en utilisant une approche tensorielle. Enfin nous avons proposé un algorithme d'apprentissage par renforcement permettant d'alterner entre différents algorithmes de recommandation. En effet, utiliser toujours le même algorithme peut avoir tendance à ennuyer l'utilisateur pendant un certain temps, ou à l'inverse lui donner de plus en plus confiance en l'algorithme. Ainsi la performance d'un algorithme donné n'est pas stationnaire et dépend de quand et à quelle fréquence celui-ci a été utilisé. Notre algorithme d'apprentissage par renforcement apprend en temps réel à alterner entre divers algorithmes de recommandations dans le but de maximiser les performances sur le long terme.
Applied Photographic Optics: Lenses and Optical Systems for Photography, Film, Video and Electronic Imaging (1994)

OPTICAL THEORY: Properties of light, aberrations, autofocus, depth of field and depth of focus LENS TYPES AND PROPERTIES: General properties of lenses, zoom lenses, underwater lenses, ultraviolet lenses, video lenses PHOTOGRAPHIC OPTICAL SYSTEMS: Viewfinder systems, optics of copying systems, optics for video systems.
Multipass diode-pumped solid-state optical amplifier (1993)

A new diode-pumped solid-state multipass amplifier produced 38-dB small-signal gain at 1.047 μm in Nd:YLF with 1.6-W pump power and 37% extraction efficiency near saturation. The amplifier had a 1:1 confocally reimaging multipass design that generated both high gain and high efficiency. The same amplifier design with 13 W of pump power was tested with Nd:YAG at 1.064 μm, which gave 38-dB small-signal gain and 3.2 W of output power, and with Nd:YVO4, also at 1.064 μm, which gave >50-dB small-signal gain and 4.3 W of output power.
A template-based solution to support knowledge reuse in IT change design (2008)

Capturing and reusing the experience of operators in implementing IT changes is an important aspect of IT service management, as it may result in fewer incidents (upon change execution) and faster specification of change plans, to mention just a few potential advantages. Nevertheless, in practice, changes are usually described and documented in an ad hoc fashion, due to the lack of proper support to assist the design process. This hampers knowledge acquired when specifying, planning, and carrying out previous changes to be reused in subsequent requests. In order to address this issue, we propose the use of change templates as a mechanism to formalize, preserve, and reuse the experience accumulated within organizations in relation to IT changes. Our solution is analyzed through a prototypical implementation of a change management system and a case study based on a real-life scenario.
Auxiliary Variable Methods for Markov Chain Monte Carlo with Applications (1998)

Abstract Suppose that one wishes to sample from the density π(x) using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). An auxiliary variable u and its conditional distribution π(u|x) can be defined, giving the joint distribution π(x, u) = π(x)π(u|x). A MCMC scheme that samples over this joint distribution can lead to substantial gains in efficiency compared to standard approaches. The revolutionary algorithm of Swendsen and Wang is one such example. Besides reviewing the Swendsen-Wang algorithm and its generalizations, this article introduces a new auxiliary variable method called partial decoupling. Two applications in Bayesian image analysis are considered: a binary classification problem in which partial decoupling out performs Swendsen-Wang and single-site Metropolis methods, and a positron emission tomography (PET) reconstruction that uses the gray level prior of Geman and McClure. A generalized Swendsen–Wang algorithm is developed for this problem, which reduces the computing time to the point where MCMC is a viable method of posterior exploration.
Evaluation of Aromatic Amination Catalyzed by Palladium on Carbon: A Practical Synthesis of Triarylamines (2008)

Abstract A heterogeneous palladium on carbon (Pd/C)‐catalyzed coupling between amines and aromatic halides including aromatic chlorides has been achieved using sodium tert ‐butoxide (NaO‐ t‐ Bu) and 1,1′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppf) as a ligand in cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME). The use of potassium tert ‐butoxide (KO‐ t‐ Bu) in place of NaO‐ t‐ Bu brought about the benzyne‐mediated aromatic amination even without Pd/C and dppf, giving a mixture of regioisomers when 4‐substituted bromobenzenes were employed as the substrate. The combination of Pd/C, dppf, NaO‐ t‐ Bu could be utilized for the syntheses of a broad range of triarylamines by replacing CPME with mesitylene which can provide a higher reaction temperature. The Pd/C could be quantitatively recovered and reused until at least the fourth cycle without any loss in catalytic activity. The quite low leaching of palladium (<1.1%) was demonstrated by an inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectrometric analysis.
Improvement of Switching Field in AFC Media by Inserting Ru or CoCr Layers in Stabilizing Layer (2004)

The effects of Co insertion at the interface of CoCrPtB-Ru-CoCrPtB AFC media are investigated. Although the exchange coupling constant J can be increased by inserting Co, undesired magnetic properties are observed including reduction of the switching field of the stabilizing layer or reduction of coercivity of the recording layer. We propose a new antiferromagnetically coupled structure with a laminated stabilizing layer composed of CoCrPtB-(Ru or CoCr)-Co, in which Co remains at the interface to enhance J and a nonmagnetic layer Ru or CoCr is used for suppressing interaction between Co and lower CoCrPtB layer. The coercivity of the laminated stabilizing layer decreased and the switching field increases with increasing thickness of Ru or CoCr. Consequently, the insertion of Ru or CoCr can make the magnetization reversal of the stabilizing layer easier.
Low resistive copper films deposited using the ion beam sputtering method with an ultra-high purity target (2009)

Electric conductivities of copper thin films were investigated aiming toward low-loss metallization materials in energy-saving MEMS devices. The copper thin films were deposited with the goal of reducing impurities significantly and expecting to minimize scattering cross sections by relevant exclusion of scattering factors such as crystalline grain boundaries. Electron cyclotron resonance ion beam sputtering deposition (ECR-IBS) using an ultra-pure copper target was employed as the film process. Two indexes of the conductive properties, i.e. the resistivity at direct current and the mean free time extracted from optical transmission/reflection measurements at the plasma frequency, were employed in the evaluations and optimum conditions of the thin film processing were investigated. As a result, significant improvement in conductivity using the optimized conditions of temperature (430 K) and purity of the target (8N) was achieved for a thickness range of 10–300 nm.
Electric Field-Induced Concentration Gradients in Lipid Monolayers (1994)

Externally applied electric field gradients gave rise to lateral concentration gradients in monolayers of certain binary lipid mixtures. For binary mixtures of dihydrocholesterol and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, the application of an electric field gradient at pressures below the critical pressure produced a liquid-liquid phase separation in a monolayer that is otherwise homogenous. At pressures slightly above the critical pressure, a field gradient produced a large concentration gradient without phase separation. The lipid concentration gradients can be described by equilibrium thermodynamic chemical potentials. The observed effects appear to be relevant to the structure and composition of biological membranes.
Zirconium-Sulfur Chemistry. Synthesis and Structural Characterization of the Zr3S3(tBuS)2(BH4)4(THF)2, Zr6S6(tBuS)4(BH4)8(THF)2, Zr3(S)(tBuS)10, and (Mg(THF)6)[Zr2(SPh)7.2(CH2Ph)1.8]2.cntdot.3THF Clusters. Activation and Cleavage of the C-S bond in Zirconium-Coordinated Alkanethiolate Ligands (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTZirconium-Sulfur Chemistry. Synthesis and Structural Characterization of the Zr3S3(tBuS)2(BH4)4(THF)2, Zr6S6(tBuS)4(BH4)8(THF)2, Zr3(S)(tBuS)10, and (Mg(THF)6)[Zr2(SPh)7.2(CH2Ph)1.8]2.cntdot.3THF Clusters. Activation and Cleavage of the C-S bond in Zirconium-Coordinated Alkanethiolate LigandsD. Coucouvanis, A. Hadjikyriacou, R. Lester, and M. G. KanatzidisCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 17, 3645–3655Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00095a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00095a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views265Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts