gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transfer Reactions Involving Boron. IX. Mechanism of Product Formation in the Hydroboration of Vinyl Halides<sup>1,2</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransfer Reactions Involving Boron. IX. Mechanism of Product Formation in the Hydroboration of Vinyl Halides1,2Daniel J. Pasto and Sr. Ricella Snyder O.S.F.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 9, 2773–2777Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01347a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01347a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views374Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Relative Transfer Function Identification Using Convolutive Transfer Function Approximation (2009)

In this paper, we present a relative transfer function (RTF) identification method for speech sources in reverberant environments. The proposed method is based on the convolutive transfer function (CTF) approximation, which enables to represent a linear convolution in the time domain as a linear convolution in the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) domain. Unlike the restrictive and commonly used multiplicative transfer function (MTF) approximation, which becomes more accurate when the length of a time frame increases relative to the length of the impulse response, the CTF approximation enables representation of long impulse responses using short time frames. We develop an unbiased RTF estimator that exploits the nonstationarity and presence probability of the speech signal and derive an analytic expression for the estimator variance. Experimental results show that the proposed method is advantageous compared to common RTF identification methods in various acoustic environments, especially when identifying long RTFs typical to real rooms.
The complete sequence of a cucumber mosaic virus from Ixora that is deficient in the replication of satellite RNAs (1995)

A cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-Ix) from Ixora is unusual in that it does not support the accumulation of some well-characterized CMV satellite RNAs in plants. CMV-Ix can support a particular satellite RNA variant which causes lethal tomato necrosis when inoculated with other CMV strains but not when inoculated with CMV-Ix. This difference in ability to support accumulation of specific satellite variants is apparent even when their sequences differ by only 10 nucleotides. Electroporation of tomato protoplasts with combinations of CMV-Ix or CMV-1 RNA plus the same satellite variants showed similar differences in accumulation, indicating a defect in satellite RNA replication and not movement or encapsidation. Pseudorecombinant virus infections between CMV-1 and CMV-Ix indicated that the genomic determinants responsible for this phenotype reside on RNA 1 since only combinations with CMV-Ix RNA 1 failed to replicate satellite RNA. The complete genome of CMV-Ix was cloned, sequenced and compared with the genomes of other cucumoviruses. CMV-Ix is most similar in RNA and protein sequence to subgroup 1 CMV-Fny and CMV-Y but slightly less similar than they are to each other. CMV-Ix and all cucumovirus strains sequenced thus far share a domain in the 3' untranslated portion of their genomic RNAs in which 39 of 40 bases are completely conserved.
LA U. N. A. M. Y LAS UNIVERSIDADES DE LOS ESTADOS (1955)

EL DESARROLLO Y FOMENTO DE LA CULTURA Y DE LA EDUCACION SUPERIOR EN TERMINOS NACIONALES ES UNA TAREA QUE NO COMPETE EXCLUSIVAMENTE A LA UNIVERSIDAD DE MEXICO; HAY OTRAS MUCHAS INSTITUCIONES QUE EN MAYOR O MENOR MEDIDA TIENEN ENCOMENDADOS FINES SIMILARES.
WSi superconducting nanowire single photon detector with a temporal resolution below 5 ps (2018)

Through the use of an impedance matched taper, be we demonstrate a reduction of the noise jitter in WSi SNSPDs to a level below the intrinsic effects, resulting in full-width at half-maximum values of 4.8 ps for 532 nm and 10.3 ps for 1550 nm single photons.
The X chromosome and sex-specific effects in infectious disease susceptibility (2019)

The X chromosome and X-linked variants have largely been ignored in genome-wide and candidate association studies of infectious diseases due to the complexity of statistical analysis of the X chromosome. This exclusion is significant, since the X chromosome contains a high density of immune-related genes and regulatory elements that are extensively involved in both the innate and adaptive immune responses. Many diseases present with a clear sex bias, and apart from the influence of sex hormones and socioeconomic and behavioural factors, the X chromosome, X-linked genes and X chromosome inactivation mechanisms contribute to this difference. Females are functional mosaics for X-linked genes due to X chromosome inactivation and this, combined with other X chromosome inactivation mechanisms such as genes that escape silencing and skewed inactivation, could contribute to an immunological advantage for females in many infections. In this review, we discuss the involvement of the X chromosome and X inactivation in immunity and address its role in sexual dimorphism of infectious diseases using tuberculosis susceptibility as an example, in which male sex bias is clear, yet not fully explored.
A Dominant-Negative Mutant of mSOS1 Inhibits Insulin-Induced Ras Activation and Reveals Ras-Dependent and -Independent Insulin Signaling Pathways (1995)

The role of the Grb2-SOS complex in insulin signal transduction was investigated with a deletion mutant of mSOS1 that lacks the guanine nucleotide exchange domain of the wild-type protein. Cells over-expressing either wild-type (CHO-IR/SOS cells) or mutant (CHO-IR/delta SOS cells) mSOS1 were established by transfection of Chinese hamster ovary cells that express human insulin receptors (CHO-IR cells) with the appropriate expression plasmid. The mutant mSOS1 protein did not contain the guanine nucleotide exchange activity in vitro and associated with Grb2 both in vivo and in vitro. In both CHO-IR and CHO-IR/SOS cells, insulin rapidly stimulated the formation of GTP-bound Ras and the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase; both these effects of insulin were markedly inhibited in CHO-IR/delta SOS cells. Insulin-induced glycogen synthase and 70-kDa S6 kinase activities were not affected by expression of either wild-type or mutant mSOS1. These results show that the mutant mSOS1 acts in a dominant-negative manner and suggest that the Grb2-SOS complex mediates, at least in part, insulin-induced activation of Ras in intact cells. The data also indicate that Ras activation is not required for insulin-induced stimulation of glycogen synthase and 70-kDa S6 kinase.
Deep Decentralized Multi-task Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning under Partial Observability (2017)

Many real-world tasks involve multiple agents with partial observability and limited communication. Learning is challenging in these settings due to local viewpoints of agents, which perceive the world as non-stationary due to concurrently-exploring teammates. Approaches that learn specialized policies for individual tasks face problems when applied to the real world: not only do agents have to learn and store distinct policies for each task, but in practice identities of tasks are often non-observable, making these approaches inapplicable. This paper formalizes and addresses the problem of multi-task multi-agent reinforcement learning under partial observability. We introduce a decentralized single-task learning approach that is robust to concurrent interactions of teammates, and present an approach for distilling single-task policies into a unified policy that performs well across multiple related tasks, without explicit provision of task identity.
Substrate‐induced acceleration of <i>N</i>‐ethylmaleimide reaction with the Cys‐65 mutant of the transposon Tn 10‐encoded metal‐tetracycline/H<sup>+</sup> antiporter depends on the interaction of Asp‐66 with the substrate (1995)

We previously reported that the reaction of [14C]N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) with the S65C mutant of the transposon Tn10-encoded metal-tetracycline/H+ antiporter (TetA(B)) is competitively inhibited by tetracycline [Yamaguchi, A. et al., FEBS Lett. 322 (1993) 201-204]. However, this observation has been revealed to be a mistake. The reaction of [14C]NEM with S65C TetA(B) was significantly and reproducibly accelerated by tetracycline, i.e. not inhibited. When Asp-66 was replaced by Ala, the reaction of NEM with the Cys-65 residue was no longer affected by tetracycline. In contrast, when Arg-70 was replaced by Ala, the acceleration of the reaction was unaltered. The tetracycline acceleration of the reaction to the Cys-65 residue was further stimulated with energization of the membrane on the addition of NADH. On the other hand, the tetracycline-induced acceleration was not observed in the absence of a divalent cation. These observations indicated that the Cys-65 locus is exposed to the medium according to the interaction of a divalent cation-tetracycline chelation complex with Asp-66.
LiCe(BH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>Cl, a New Lithium-Ion Conductor and Hydrogen Storage Material with Isolated Tetranuclear Anionic Clusters (2012)

Mechanochemical synthesis using CeCl3-MBH4 (M = Li, Na or K) mixtures are investigated and produced a new compound, LiCe(BH4)3Cl, which crystallizes in a cubic space group I4̅3m, a = 11.7204(2) Å. The structure contains isolated tetranuclear anionic clusters [Ce4Cl4(BH4)12]4– with a distorted cubane Ce4Cl4 core, charge-balanced by Li+ cations. Each Ce atom coordinates three chloride ions and three borohydride groups via the η3–BH3 faces, thus completing the coordination environment to an octahedron. Combination of synchrotron radiation powder X-ray diffraction (SR-PXD), powder neutron diffraction and density functional theory (DFT) optimization show that Li cations are disordered, occupying 2/3 of the 12d Wyckoff site. DFT calculation indicates that LiCe(BH4)3Cl is stabilized by higher entropy rather than lower enthalpy, in accord with the disorder in Li positions. The structural model also agrees well with the very high lithium ion conductivity measured for LiCe(BH4)3Cl of 1 × 10–4 Scm–1 at T = 20 °C. In situ SR-PXD reveals that the decomposition products consist of LiCl, CeB6 and CeH2. The Sieverts measurements show that 4.7 wt % H2 is released during heating to 500 °C. After rehydrogenation at 400 °C and p(H2) = 100 bar for 24 h an amount of 1.8 wt % H2 is released in the second dehydrogenation. The 11B MAS NMR spectra of the central and satellite transitions for LiCe(B(D/H)4)3Cl reveal highly asymmetric manifolds of spinning sidebands from a single 11B site, reflecting dipolar couplings of the 11B nuclear spin with the paramagnetic electron spin of the Ce3+ ions.
Degree of Ionization in MALDI of Peptides: Thermal Explanation for the Gas-Phase Ion Formation (2012)

Degree of ionization (DI) in matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) was measured for five peptides using α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnanmic acid (CHCA) as the matrix. DIs were low 10(-4) for peptides and 10(-7) for CHCA. Total number of ions (i.e., peptide plus matrix) was the same regardless of peptides and their concentration, setting the number of gas-phase ions generated from a pure matrix as the upper limit to that of peptide ions. Positively charged cluster ions were too weak to support the ion formation via such ions. The total number of gas-phase ions generated by MALDI, and that from pure CHCA, was unaffected by the laser pulse energy, invalidating laser-induced ionization of matrix molecules as the mechanism for the primary ion formation. Instead, the excitation of matrix by laser is simply a way of supplying thermal energy to the sample. Accepting strong Coulomb attraction felt by cations in a solid sample, we propose three hypotheses for gas-phase peptide ion formation. In Hypothesis 1, they originate from the dielectrically screened peptide ions in the sample. In Hypothesis 2, the preformed peptide ions are released as part of neutral ion pairs, which generate gas-phase peptide ions via reaction with matrix-derived cations. In Hypothesis 3, neutral peptides released by ablation get protonated via reaction with matrix-derived cations.
High-efficiency quantum-nondemolition single-photon-number-resolving detector (2005)

We discuss an approach to the problem of creating a photon-number-resolving detector using the giant Kerr nonlinearities available in electromagnetically induced transparency. Our scheme can implement a photon-number quantum-nondemolition measurement with high efficiency $(\ensuremath{\sim}99%)$ using fewer than 1600 atoms embedded in a dielectric waveguide.
A metric cache for similarity search (2008)

Similarity search in metric spaces is a general paradigm that can be used in several application fields. It can also be effectively exploited in content-based image retrieval systems, which are shifting their target towards the Web-scale dimension. In this context, an important issue becomes the design of scalable solutions, which combine parallel and distributed architectures with caching at several levels.
Comparative evaluation of chemically amplified resists for electron-beeam top surface imaging use (1994)

The ultimate lithographic performance of e-beam direct writing can only be achieved if the proximity effect is reduced by a top surface imaging resist technology. The capability of some commercial and experimental chemically amplified resists for an e-beam-sensitive top surface imaging process were evaluated. Analogous to the resist contrast, a silicon contrast was defined, which characterizes the silylation property of the resists very well and enables a comparison of the evaluated resists. The influence of bake and silylation conditions on the silicon contrast was investigated. The patterning results prove that the proximity effect was reduced dramatically. One of the evaluated resists was applied to structuring the metal layers of a 0.8-μm-CMOS technology.
Purification of a leukocytosis promotion-inhibiting factor from bovine bile. (1982)

A leukocytosis promotion-inhibiting factor (LPIF) was isolated and purified from crude bovine bile. The purified LPIF was homogeneous on 15% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It inhibits the effects of leukocytosis-promoting substance in rabbits. The molecular weight of LPIF was estimated to be 1.2×104, and the isoelectric point was at pH 8.2. The active component dissociated into two subcomponents with molecular weights of 9000 and 3000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide electrophoresis.
A Novel Approach to Development of Monoclonal Antibodies Using Native Antigen for Immunization and Recombinant Antigen for Screening (2008)

The production of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) specific to microbes is rapidly growing. Finding an appropriate antigen to screen hybridoma clones has become increasingly important. However, the conventional method, in which the purified antigen from the microbe is routinely used for screening, cannot avoid selection of false positive hybridoma clones, since even highly purified antigen is found to be contaminated with some other proteins from the microbe. In this study, MAbs against anthrax protective antigen (PA), the central component of the three-part toxin secreted by Bacillus anthracis were developed using a pair of the roughly purified native PA as an immunogen and the recombinant PA as a screening antigen without any possibility of false selection, since the recombinant PA was produced by a gene engineering approach and impossible to be contaminated with any other proteins from B. anthracis. In total, nine stable hybridoma clones secreting anti-PA MAbs were developed. All of them had the same type of heavy and light chains, IgG1/kappa. The binding profiles for these anti-PA MAbs were investigated by ELISA. This novel approach to the development of MAbs should be applicable to the production of MAbs to other microbes, especially to those from which antigens can hardly be purified to a high degree.
All-<i>trans</i>Retinoic Acid Inhibits Type 1 Diabetes by T Regulatory (Treg)-Dependent Suppression of Interferon-γ–Producing T-cells Without Affecting Th17 Cells (2008)

These results demonstrate that ATRA treatment promoted in vivo expansion of Treg cells and induced Treg cell-dependent immune tolerance by suppressing IFN-gamma-producing T-cells, without affecting Th17 cells. Our study also provides novel insights into how ATRA induces immune tolerance in vivo via its effects on Teff and Treg cells.
Charge-transfer-induced photosolvolysis of benzyl alcohols (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharge-transfer-induced photosolvolysis of benzyl alcoholsCheng-I Lin, Prithipal Singh, and Edwin F. UllmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 21, 6711–6713Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1976https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00437a055RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views70Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (350 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Wireless sensors that live forever (2010)

Energy harvesters and radioisotopes fuel tiny transmitters
Reactions of Pyridine Analogues of Aza-ortho-xylylenes Generated from 1,3-Dialkylpyridosultams (2000)

2,3-Dihydro-3-imino-2-methylenepyridines, generated by thermal extrusion of SO2 from 1,3-dialkyl-1,3-dihydroisothiazolo[4,3-b]pyridine 2,2-dioxides (1,3-dialkylpyridosultams), underwent [1,5] hydrogen shifts, which led to 3-alkylamino-2-vinylpyridine derivatives. Cycloalkanespiro-3-pyridosultams 12, which were easily obtained by alkylation of pyridosultams with α,ω-dihaloalkanes, gave, in a similar reaction, 3-alkylamino-2-cycloalkenylpyridine derivatives 14 in good yields. Cyclobutanespiro-3-pyridosultam 12b, after thermal extrusion of SO2, formed cyclobutenyl derivative 14b, which underwent a ring-opening reaction to form butadiene derivative 15. The latter can be trapped with dienophiles, for example, N-phenylmaleimide.
High quality automatic code generation for control applications (2002)

Automatic code generation has become a popular technique for generating software for control applications. The popularity of the technique is justified by the convenience of programming in a domain-specific specification language, and the elimination of communication errors between the control-law designer and the software engineer. Unfortunately, in the rapid rush toward the marketing and adoption of this technique, efforts directed toward generating high-quality code have often come half-heartedly as an afterthought. The author proposes some guidelines to be used to judge the quality of code generated for control applications. Many of these guidelines are directed toward the efficient use of time and space resources. Others impact the maintainability of the code, as well as the viewpoint of validation and verification. The author also introduces ControlH, and its corresponding code generator. ControlH is a language developed at Honeywell for specification of control applications. Its code generator translates applications specified in ControlH into applications implemented in Ada. These applications meet the author's guidelines for quality code generation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Environmental stability of PDMS-waveguides for electrical-optical circuit boards (2007)

The environmental stability of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based optical waveguides implemented in electrical-optical circuit boards has been tested against international standards. Temperature shock, moisture treatments, dry heat exposure as well as soldering float showed only a moderate impact on optical waveguide performance.
KSR: a MAPK scaffold of the Ras pathway? (2001)

Kinase Suppressor of Ras (KSR) is an intriguing component of the Ras pathway that was first identified by genetic studies performed in Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. In both organisms, inactivating mutations in KSR suppress the phenotypic effects induced by activated Ras. These findings together with the fact that KSR contains many structural features characteristic of a protein kinase led to early speculation that KSR is a kinase functioning upstream of the Ras pathway component Raf-1 or in a parallel Ras-dependent pathway. However, in the six years since its discovery, KSR has been found to lack several key properties of known protein kinases, which has cast doubt on whether KSR is indeed a functional enzyme. A major breakthrough in our understanding of the role of KSR in signal transduction has come from recent findings that KSR interacts with several components of the MAP kinase cascade, including Raf-1, MEK1/2 and ERK1/2. The model now emerging is that KSR acts as a scaffolding protein that coordinates the assembly of a membrane-localized, multiprotein MAP kinase complex, a vital step in Ras-mediated signal transduction. Thus, while Kinase Suppressor of Ras may be its name, phosphorylation may not be its game.
Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma in Survivors of Heritable Retinoblastoma (1988)

Six survivors of bilateral retinoblastoma developed cutaneous malignant melanoma 20 to 51 years (average, 31 years) after initial therapy for the ocular tumor. Five patients received radiation therapy to the orbital area. In two patients the cutaneous malignant melanoma developed in the field of irradiation. Two patients developed multiple cutaneous melanomas and are thought to have the dysplastic nevus syndrome. At this writing two patients are alive and well after wide resection of their skin tumors. A review of the literature suggests that cutaneous malignant melanoma accounts for about 7% of second malignant neoplasms in survivors of heritable retinoblastoma.