gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lipophosphoglycan from<i>Leishmania</i>suppresses agonist-induced interleukin 1β gene expression in human monocytes via a unique promoter sequence (1996)

Leishmania are parasites that survive within macrophages by mechanism(s) not entirely known. Depression of cellular immunity and diminished production of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) and tumor necrosis factor alpha are potential ways by which the parasite survives within macrophages. We examined the mechanism(s) by which lipophosphoglycan (LPG), a major glycolipid of Leishmania, perturbs cytokine gene expression. LPG treatment of THP-1 monocytes suppressed endotoxin induction of IL-1 beta steady-state mRNA by greater than 90%, while having no effect on the expression of a control gene. The addition of LPG 2 h before or 2 h after endotoxin challenge significantly suppressed steady-state IL-1 beta mRNA by 90% and 70%, respectively. LPG also inhibited tumor necrosis factor alpha and Staphylococcus induction of IL-1 beta gene expression. The inhibitory effect of LPG is agonist-specific because LPG did not suppress the induction of IL-1 beta mRNA by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. A unique DNA sequence located within the -310 to -57 nucleotide region of the IL-1 beta promoter was found to mediate LPG's inhibitory activity. The requirement for the -310 to -57 promoter gene sequence for LPG's effect is demonstrated by the abrogation of LPG's inhibitory activity by truncation or deletion of the -310 to -57 promoter gene sequence. Furthermore, the minimal IL-1 beta promoter (positions -310 to +15) mediated LPG's inhibitory activity with dose and kinetic profiles that were similar to LPG's suppression of steady-state IL-1 beta mRNA. These findings delineated a promoter gene sequence that responds to LPG to act as a "gene silencer", a function, to our knowledge, not previously described. LPG's inhibitory activity for several mediators of inflammation and the persistence of significant inhibitory activity 2 h after endotoxin challenge suggest that LPG has therapeutic potential and may be exploited for therapy of sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and autoimmune diseases.
Activation of Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase SH-PTP2 by a Tyrosine-based Activation Motif of a Novel Brain Molecule (1996)

BIT (a brain immunoglobulin-like molecule with tyrosine-based activation motifs) is a brain-specific membrane protein which has two cytoplasmic TAMs (tyrosine-based activation motifs). Using the Far Western blotting technique, we detected association of a 70-kDa protein with the tyrosine-phosphorylated TAMs of BIT. A mouse brain cDNA library in lambdagt11 was screened for this association, and two positive clones encoding tyrosine phosphatase SH-PTP2 were isolated. SH-PTP2 has two SH2 domains and is believed to function as a positive mediator in receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. SH-PTP2 and BIT were coimmunoprecipitated from phosphorylated rat brain lysate, and BIT was a major tyrosine-phosphorylated protein associated with SH-PTP2 in this lysate. This interaction was also observed in Jurkat T cells transfected with BIT cDNA depending on tyrosine phosphorylation of BIT. Bisphosphotyrosyl peptides corresponding to BIT-TAMs stimulated SH-PTP2 activity 33-35-fold in vitro, indicating that two SH2 domains of SH-PTP2 simultaneously interact with two phosphotyrosines of BIT-TAM. Our findings suggest that the tyrosine phosphorylation of BIT results in stimulation of the signal transduction pathway promoted by SH-PTP2 and that BIT is probably a major receptor molecule in the brain located just upstream of SH-PTP2.
Creatine Transport in Cultured Cells of Rat and Mouse Brain (1989)

Astroglia-rich cultures derived from brains of newborn rats or mice use a transport system for the uptake of creatine. The uptake system is saturable, Na+-dependent, and highly specific for creatine and Na+. Kinetic studies on rat cells revealed a Km value for creatine of 45 microM, a Vmax of 17 nmol x h-1 x (mg of protein)-1, and a Km value of 55 mM for Na+. The carrier is competitively inhibited by guanidinopropionate (Ki = 15 microM). No such transport system was found in neuron-rich primary cultures from embryonic rat brain. It is hypothesized that creatine transport is an astroglial rather than a neuronal function.
Preconditioning protects coronary arteriolar endothelium from ischemia-reperfusion injury (1993)

The objectives of this study were to test the hypotheses that 1) endothelium-dependent regulation of coronary arteriolar reactivity is impaired after ischemia and reperfusion, and 2) preconditioning protects the arteriolar endothelium from reperfusion injury. In anesthetized open-chest dogs, coronary arteriolar diameters (30-110 microns) were measured in the beating heart using intravital microscopy during fluorescent stroboscopic epi-illumination in three groups: 1) control, 2) ischemia and reperfusion: 60-min occlusion and 120-min reperfusion of the left circumflex coronary artery, and 3) preconditioning: 10-min occlusion and reperfusion preceding ischemia-reperfusion. To evaluate endothelial reactivity, the diameter responses of coronary arterioles to the endothelium-dependent vasodilators, acetylcholine and serotonin, were assessed. Ischemia and reperfusion significantly reduced the increase in diameter by serotonin (0 +/- 2 vs. 11 +/- 3% change in controls; P < 0.05) and acetylcholine (7 +/- 2 vs. 20 +/- 2% in controls; P < 0.05). In contrast, preconditioning preserved the dilation to both serotonin (6 +/- 1%) and acetylcholine (24 +/- 3%; both NS vs. control; P < 0.05 vs. ischemia and reperfusion). Dilation by the endothelium-independent vasodilator, papaverine, was similar in the three groups, indicating similar levels of vasodilatory reserve and suggesting that the impaired dilation to acetylcholine and serotonin after ischemia and reperfusion was not due to nonspecific damage to vascular smooth muscle. These data demonstrate that ischemia-reperfusion significantly attenuates endothelium-dependent vasodilation of coronary arterioles in the intact beating heart. Furthermore, preconditioning reduces the endothelial dysfunction of coronary arterioles after ischemia-reperfusion.
Effect of Particle Age (Fe<sup>0</sup> Content) and Solution pH On NZVI Reactivity:  H<sub>2</sub> Evolution and TCE Dechlorination (2006)

Subsurface injection of nanoscale zerovalent iron (NZVI) has been used for the in situ remediation of chlorinated solvent plumes and DNAPL source zones. Due to the cost of materials and placement,the efficacy of this approach depends on the NZVI reactivity and longevity, selectivity for the target contaminant relative to nonspecific corrosion to yield H2, and access to the Fe0 in the particles. Both the reaction pH and the age of the particles (i.e., Fe0 content) could affect NZVI reactivity and longevity. Here, the rates of H2 evolution and trichloroethene (TCE) reduction are measured over the lifetime of the particles and at solution pH ranging from 6.5 to 8.9. Crystalline reactive nanoscale iron particles (RNIP) with different initial Fe0 weight percent (48%, 36%, 34%, 27%, and 9.6%) but similar specific surface area were studied. At the equilibrium pH for a Fe(OH)2/H2O system (pH = 8.9), RNIP exhibited first-order decay for Fe0 corrosion (H2 evolution) with respect to Fe0 content with a Fe0 half-life time of 90-180 days. A stable surface area-normalized TCE reduction rate constant 1.0 x 10(-3)L x hr(-1) x m(-2) was observed after 20 days and remained constant for 160 days, while the Fe0 content of the particles decreased by half, suggesting that TCE reduction is zero-order with respect to the Fe0 content of the particle. Solution pH affected H2 evolution and TCE reduction to a different extent. Decreasing pH from 8.9 to 6.5 increased the H2 evolution rate constant 27 fold from 0.008 to 0.22 day(-1), but the TCE dechlorination rate constant only doubled. The dissimilarities between the reaction orders of H2 evolution and TCE dechlorination with respect to both Fe0 content and H+ concentration suggest that different rate controlling steps are involved for the reduction reactions.
Tactoid Formation in Montmorillonite: Effect on Ion Exchange Kinetics (1967)

Exchange between calcium from montmorillonite and hydrogen from resin is much slower than exchange between sodium from montmorillonite and hydrogen from resin. Film kinetics are prevailing in both cases, but the location of the rate-determining step is shifted from the Nernst films of the resin particles in the sodium-hydrogen exchange to the Nernst films of the clay particles in the calcium-hydrogen exchange. The increased particle size of the montmorillonite in the calcium state, caused by tactoid formation, appears to be the main reason for the shift.
Soft-defect detection (SDD) technique for a high-reliability CMOS SRAM (1990)

A complete data retention test of a CMOS SRAM array accomplished at room temperature using the soft-defect detection (SDD) technique is reported. The SDD technique uses a connectivity analysis and cell-array current test to detect physical open faults that can cause data retention failures. An extensive circuit analysis was made to establish the operation theory and special circuit design features required for SDD. Complete SDD circuits have been developed and implemented into a 16 K CMOS SRAM module for a 32-b microcontroller. Full operation and effectiveness of the SDD technique were verified from a special experimental 16 K CMOS RAM module with built-in defective cells. the SDD technique can accomplish not only the retention test at room temperature, but also the detection of other defects that were heretofore impractical to detect using the conventional retention test technique of high-temperature bakes and functional tests.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Tyrosine phosphorylation of nuclear-membrane protein emerin by Src, Abl and other kinases (2009)

X-linked recessive Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is caused by loss of emerin, a nuclear-membrane protein with roles in nuclear architecture, gene regulation and signaling. Phosphoproteomic studies have identified 13 sites of tyrosine phosphorylation in emerin. We validated one study, confirming that emerin is hyper-tyrosine-phosphorylated in Her2-overexpressing cells. We discovered that non-receptor tyrosine kinases Src and Abl each phosphorylate emerin and a related protein, LAP2beta, directly. Src phosphorylated emerin specifically at Y59, Y74 and Y95; the corresponding triple Y-to-F (;FFF') mutation reduced tyrosine phosphorylation by approximately 70% in vitro and in vivo. Substitutions that removed a single hydroxyl moiety either decreased (Y19F, Y34, Y161F) or increased (Y4F) emerin binding to BAF in cells. Y19F, Y34F, Y161F and the FFF mutant also reduced recombinant emerin binding to BAF from HeLa lysates, demonstrating the involvement of both LEM-domain and distal phosphorylatable tyrosines in binding BAF. We conclude that emerin function is regulated by multiple tyrosine kinases, including Her2, Src and Abl, two of which (Her2, Src) regulate striated muscle. These findings suggest roles for emerin as a downstream effector and ;signal integrator' for tyrosine kinase signaling pathway(s) at the nuclear envelope.
New molecular-dissociation furnace for H and O atom sources (1986)

A new type of molecular-dissociation furnace has been developed for producing thermal beams of H and O atoms to be used as targets for fast atomic projectiles in various scattering experiments. Target-particle densities in the beam from the furnace of about 1011 cm−3 have been achieved with molecular-dissociation fractions in excess of 0.7 for each species. The techniques used are described and compared with more traditional furnace designs.
Disturbance Observers for Rigid Mechanical Systems: Equivalence, Stability, and Design (2002)

Mechanical (direct-drive) systems designed for high-speed and high-accuracy applications require control systems that eliminate the influence of disturbances like cogging forces and friction. One way to achieve additional disturbance rejection is to extend the usual (P(I)D) controller with a disturbance observer. There are two distinct ways to design, represent, and implement a disturbance observer, but in this paper it is shown that the one is a generalization of the other. A general systematic design procedure for disturbance observers that incorporates stability requirements is given. Furthermore, it is shown that a disturbance observer can be transformed into a classical feedback structure, enabling numerous well-known tools to be used for the design and analysis of disturbance observers. Using this feedback interpretation of disturbance observers, it will be shown that a disturbance observer based robot tracking controller can be constructed that is equivalent to a passivity based controller. By this equivalence not only stability proofs of the disturbance observer based controller are obtained, but it also provides more transparent controller parameter selection rules for the passivity based controller.
Chemistry and Structure–Activity Relationships of Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists (1998)

Several strategies have been employed by medicinal chemists in the design of potent and selective leukotriene receptor antagonists-leukotriene structural analogs, FPL 55712 analogs, and random screening of corporate compound banks. Lead compounds were optimized, often through the exchange of ideas with groups working on other chemical series of leukotriene antagonists. Pranlukast can likely be traced to a lead compound identified by random screening that was initially modified by incorporating structural components present in FPL 55712. Montelukast originated from an early quinoline lead, which was modified with leukotriene structural elements. Zafirlukast is based on a lead compound that incorporated structural components from both FPL 55712 and the leukotrienes. Therefore, each medicinal chemistry strategy that was originally employed has successfully identified clinically effective leukotriene receptor antagonists. Bernstein PR. Chemistry and structure-activity relationships of leukotriene receptor antagonists.
Molecular Spectrometry Data Interchange Applications for NIST's SpectroML (2004)

SpectroML, a markup language for ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy data, has been developed as a “Web-aware” mechanism for instrument-to-instrument, instrument-to-application, and application-to-application data interchange and archiving. This article documents the application of SpectroML to the interchange and archiving of measurement data from three spectrophotometers that are used in the NIST optical filter standards program. It describes how result data from the NIST national reference spectrophotometer and two commercial spectrophotometers are converted into SpectroML format and how SpectroML-formatted data and metadata are imported into the optical filter standards database.
Correction of Sanfilippo A Skin Fibroblasts by Retroviral Vector-Mediated Gene Transfer (1996)

The recent cloning of the sulfamidase gene has made possible the consideration of gene-based therapies for Sanfilippo A syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA), one of the most common of the mucopolysaccharidoses. In this paper, we present the construction of a retroviral vector in which a sulfamidase cDNA is under the transcriptional control of the Moloney murine leukemia virus long terminal repeat. This construct was used to make a high-titer (4 x 10(5) colony-forming units/ml) producer cell line, PA317/LNSSN#19, in the amphotropic packaging cell line PA317. This producer cell line was shown to be helper virus free using an assay for horizontal spread of virus. Virus supernatant from PA317/LNSSN#19 was used to transduce Sanfilippo A fibroblasts, resulting in complete correction of both the enzymatic defect and the storage phenotype as assessed by intracellular accumulation of 35SO4(-)-labeled material. Phenotypic correction was seen even when the levels of viral transduction were low. These results show that gene therapy of the Sanfilippo A syndrome is practicable, although the nature of the disorder suggests that careful consideration needs to be given to the choice of the cellular target for gene transfer.
A monomer–dimer equilibrium modulates the interaction of the sunflower homeodomain leucine-zipper protein Hahb-4 with DNA (1999)

We have analysed the interaction of the sunflower homeodomain leucine-zipper (Hd-Zip) protein Hahb-4 with DNA. The complete Hd-Zip domain from Hahb-4 was able to select specific sequences from a random oligonucleotide mixture that contained a 9-bp core with four fixed and five degenerate positions. Analysis of the binding of some of the selected sequences suggests that Hahb-4 preferentially binds the dyad-symmetrical sequence CAAT(A/T)ATTG. Single-nucleotide replacements at positions 1, 5 or 9 of this sequence produced a decrease in binding of 2-4-fold. DNA binding as a function of protein concentration was non-hyperbolic. This behaviour could be explained by an equation in which dimer formation is a pre-requisite for DNA binding. A global dissociation constant (Kd) of 1.31x10(-14) M2 could be calculated. The removal of the leucine zipper promoted a change in specificity and a decrease in binding affinity (Kd=5. 03x10(-5) M). Mutation of Phe-20 of the homeodomain into Leu completely abolished DNA binding. The mutant protein, however, was able to inhibit DNA binding by the non-mutant form, presumably through the formation of heterodimers. The analysis of this inhibitory effect at different mutant concentrations allowed the estimation of the Kd for the dimer-monomer equilibrium [about (2-4)x10(-6) M]; from this, a Kd of 3-6x10(-9) M for the dimer-DNA complex could be estimated. The results obtained indicate that the formation of dimers is the main factor influencing the interaction of Hahb-4 with DNA. It is proposed that shifts in a dimer-monomer equilibrium could be used within the cell to modulate the interaction of this protein with target genes.
Halide, hydride, alkyl, and dinitrogen complexes of bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)hafnium (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHalide, hydride, alkyl, and dinitrogen complexes of bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)hafniumD. M. Roddick, M. D. Fryzuk, P. F. Seidler, G. L. Hillhouse, and J. E. BercawCite this: Organometallics 1985, 4, 1, 97–104Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00120a017https://doi.org/10.1021/om00120a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views682Altmetric-Citations102LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Load Balancing Across Microservices (2018)

With the advent of cloud container technology, enterprises develop applications through microservices, breaking monolithic software into a suite of small services whose instances run independently in containers. User requests are served by a series of microservices forming a chain, and the chains often share microservices. Existing load balancing strategies either incur significant networking overhead or ignore the competition for shared microservices across chains. Furthermore, typical load balancing solutions leverage a hybrid technique by combining HTTP with message queue to support microservice communications, bringing additional operational complexity. To address these challenges, we propose a chain-oriented load balancing algorithm (COLBA) based solely on message queues, which balances load based on microservice requirements of chains to minimize response time. We model the load balancing problem as a non-cooperative game, and leverage Nash bargaining to coordinate microservice allocation across chains. Employing convex optimization with rounding, we efficiently solve the problem that is proven NP-hard. Extensive trace-driven simulations demonstrate that COLBA reduces the overall average response time at least by 13% compared with existing load balancing strategies.
GelForce (2005)

We propose a tactile sensor based on computer vision that measures a dense traction field, or a distribution of 3D force vectors over a 2D surface, which humans also effectively sense through a dense array of mechanoreceptors in the skin. The proposed "GelForce" tactile sensor has an elegant and organic design and can compute large and structurally rich traction fields in real time. We present how this sensor can serve as a powerful and intuitive computer interface for both existing and emerging desktop applications.
Layered Double Hydroxides for CO<sub>2</sub> Capture: Structure Evolution and Regeneration (2006)

Mg−Al−CO3 layered double hydroxide (LDH) was synthesized, and its thermal evolution was investigated using X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The resultant LDH derivatives showed excellent CO2 adsorption capabilities, especially suitable for high-temperature CO2 separation from flue gases. Calcination of crystalline LDHs at 400 °C led to phase transformation yielding amorphous Mg−Al mixed oxides having a CO2 sorption capacity of 0.49 mmol/g at 200 °C. Reversible and irreversible CO2 sorption was determined to be ∼88% and ∼12% of the total CO2 sorption, respectively. Regeneration restored the Mg−Al mixed oxide to 98% of its initial CO2 sorption after several cycles of CO2 adsorption testing. This clearly indicates the desirable properties of Mg−Al mixed oxide for CO2 capture from flue gases at high temperatures (up to 200 °C).
Renin Inhibitors. I. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of Transition-State Inhibitors Containing Homostatine Analogues at the Scissile Bond. (1992)

The synthesis and structure-activity relationships of transition-state renin inhibitors containing the homostatine analogues at the scissile bond are described. These inhibitors incorporate the amino acid side chains corresponding to positions 7-12 (P4-P2') of angiotensinogen. Ethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl and 3-hydroxypropyl groups at position 2 of the homostatine analogues (P1') are more effective for increasing potency than the isopropyl group. A combination of residues at P1, P3 and P4 is important for potency and this result suggests that S1, S3 and S4 form a huge hydrophobic core together in renin.