gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The 57 mm Thermal Clearance Probe: A Non-Invasive Tool for Measuring Subcutaneous Blood Flow (1989)

1. The segmented thermal clearance probe is a non-invasive instrument which measures heat thermal clearance, a variable directly proportional to superficial blood flow, with a depth sensitivity theoretically proportional to the sensor diameter. We compared an 18 mm sensor and a recently developed 57 mm sensor with the reference technique of xenon washout. 2. The theoretical depth sensitivity of the sensors was assessed using Perspex spacers. Ninety-five per cent of sensitivity had been lost at the respective depths of 3.5 mm and 7.1 mm for the 18 mm and 57 mm sensors. 3. A comparison was made between heat thermal clearance reading and 133Xe decay curves using the two probes for 15 min after injection of 133Xe at 2 mm and 6 mm depths in the anterior thigh in 41 subjects. The 57 mm sensor showed similar correlation with xenon washout at 2 mm injection depth (r = 0.89) and 6 mm injection depth (r = 0.86), whereas the 18 mm sensor showed greater correlation at 2 mm (r = 0.92) than at 6 mm (r = 0.62). 4. The 57 mm sensor was compared with xenon washout at 6 mm in eight insulin-treated diabetic subjects. The relationship was similar to that in non-diabetic subjects (r = 0.79), with no significant difference in slope or intercept. 5. It is concluded that the 57 mm thermal clearance probe may be used to study blood flow at the depth of insulin injection (6 mm) in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects.
Asian Americans and the Road to the White House: Musings on Being Invisible (2009)

In October 1993, the Asian Law Journal published its inaugural issue, featuring its first article entitled "Toward an Asian American Legal Scholarship: Critical Race Theory, Post-structuralism, and Narrative Space." I ASIAN L.J. 1 (1993). With this opening salvo, the Asian Law Journal (now the Asian American Law Journal) launched only the second law journal in the United States dedicated to Asian American Jurisprudence. The author of this landmark article is none other than Professor Robert S. Chang, one of the most recognized figures in Asian American Jurisprudence and Critical Race Theory. To celebrate the fifteen years since the publication of the inaugural issue and this landmark article, the Asian American Law Journal held its Fifteenth Anniversary Dinner on October 18, 2008. Professor Robert S. Chang was the keynote speaker. What follows is Professor Chang's keynote address, delivered two weeks before the historic 2008 presidential election.
Genomic resources for Myzus persicae: EST sequencing, SNP identification, and microarray design (2007)

New genomic resources have been developed for M. persicae, an agriculturally important insect pest. These include previously unknown sequence data, a collection of expressed genes, molecular markers, and a DNA microarray that can be used to study aphid gene expression. These resources will help elucidate the adaptations that allow M. persicae to develop compatible interactions with its host plants, complementing ongoing work illuminating plant molecular responses to phloem-feeding insects.
Adaptive polynomial factorization by coefficient matching (1991)

A polynomial factorization algorithm is presented which updates all roots simultaneously and efficiently in response to coefficient perturbations. The algorithm requires approximately 2n/sup 2/ complex floating point operations to update all roots of nth order polynomial. Close to the true root vector, the algorithm's convergence rate is quadratic. The root update requires only the solution of two sets of structured linear equations and a convolution. The algorithm can be used to track the roots of time-varying polynomials which is useful for application in adaptive signal processing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Gene Expression Profiles of Podocyte-Associated Molecules as Diagnostic Markers in Acquired Proteinuric Diseases (2003)

For identifying potential diagnostic markers of proteinuric glomerulopathies, glomerular mRNA levels of molecules relevant for podocyte function (alpha-actinin-4, glomerular epithelial protein 1, Wilms tumor antigen 1, synaptopodin, dystroglycan, nephrin, podoplanin, and podocin) were determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR from microdissected glomeruli. Biopsies from 83 patients with acquired proteinuric diseases were analyzed (minimal change disease [MCD; n = 13], benign nephrosclerosis [n = 16], membranous glomerulopathy [n = 31], focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis [FSGS; n = 9], and controls [n = 14]). Gene expression levels normalized to two different housekeeping transcripts (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase and 18 S rRNA) did not allow a separation between proteinuric disease categories. However, a significant positive correlation between alpha-actinin-4, glomerular epithelial protein 1, synaptopodin, dystroglycan, Wilms tumor antigen 1, and nephrin was found in all analyzed glomeruli, whereas podocin mRNA expression did not correlate. Because varying amounts of housekeeper cDNA per glomerulus can confound expression ratios relevant for a subpopulation of cells, an "in silico" microdissection was performed using a podocyte-specific cDNA as a reference gene. Expression ratio of podocin to synaptopodin, the two genes with the most disparate expression, allowed a robust separation of FSGS from MCD and nephrosclerosis. Segregation of FSGS from MCD via this ratio was confirmed in an independent population of formaldehyde-fixed archival biopsies (MCD, n = 5; FSGS, n = 4) after glomerular laser capture microdissection. In addition, the expression marker was able to predict steroid responsiveness in diagnostically challenging cases of MCD versus FSGS (n = 6). As the above approach can be performed as an add-on diagnostic tool, these molecular diagnostic parameters could give novel information for the management of proteinuric diseases.
Autoprocessing of the HIV‐1 protease using purified wild‐type and mutated fusion proteins expressed at high levels in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1991)

Various constructs of the human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1) protease containing flanking Pol region sequences were expressed as fusion proteins with the maltose-binding protein of the malE gene of Escherichia coli. The full-length fusion proteins did not exhibit self-processing in E. coli, thereby allowing rapid purification by affinity chromatography on cross-linked amylose columns. Denaturation of the fusion protein in 5 M urea, followed by renaturation, resulted in efficient site-specific autoprocessing to release the 11-kDa protease. Rapid purification involving two column steps gave an HIV-1 protease preparations of greater than 95% purity (specific activity approximately 8500 pmol.min-1.micrograms protease-1) with an overall yield of about 1 mg/l culture. Incubation of an inactive mutant protease fusion protein with the purified wild-type protease resulted in specific trans cleavage and release of the mutant protease. Analysis of products of the HIV-1 fusion proteins containing mutations at either the N- or the C-terminal protease cleavage sites indicated that blocking one of the cleavage sites influences the cleavage at the non-mutated site. Such mutated full-length and truncated protease fusion proteins possess very low levels of proteolytic activity (approximately 5 pmol.min-1.micrograms protein-1).
Codo: confidential data storage for wireless sensor networks (2012)

Many Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are used to collect and process confidential information. Confidentiality must be ensured at all times and, for example, solutions for confidential communication, processing or storage are required. To date, the research community has addressed mainly the issue of confidential communication. Efficient solutions for cryptographically secured communication and associated key exchange in WSNs exist. Many WSN applications, however, rely heavily on available on-node storage space and therefore it is essential to ensure the confidentiality of stored data as well. In this paper we present Codo, a confidential data storage solution which balances platform, performance and security requirements. We implement Codo for the Contiki WSN operating system and evaluate its performance.
Water Vapor Sorption on Kaolinite: Entropy of Adsorption (1959)

Abstract Water vapor adsorption isotherms at five temperatures between 0 and 40°C were obtained on Li and Na kaolinite. By a careful experimental technique, the error in the determination of weight of water adsorbed was reduced to + 0.01 mg/g and that of equilibrium vapor pressure was reduced to ± 0.0002 mm Hg. The data were used to calculate the integral and differential entropy of the adsorbed water phase. The differential entropy of adsorption (the partial molar entropy of water in the sorbate phase minus the molar entropy of normal liquid water) has large positive values at low surface coverage. As more water is adsorbed, the differential entropy drops to a negative value approximately equal to that of a two-dimensional liquid which is about the same as the entropy for hypothetical ice at this temperature and pressure. The water can hardly be treated as “ice” because the large negative entropy persists over a very small p/p 0 range and occurs at a p/p 0 such that the surface is only about 70 percent covered. The integral entropy of adsorption (the molar entropy of water in the sorbate phase minus the molar entropy of normal liquid water) has positive values on both Li and Na kaolinite throughout the p/p 0 range investigated; p/p 0 = 0 to p/p 0 = 0.5. These entropy data indicate that the water molecules in the adsorbed phase on Li or Na kaolinite possess greater randomness than the water molecules in normal liquid water from the dry clay up to at least p/p 0 =0.5. The difference between integral and differential entropies is explained as a “configurational entropy“ that changes with the amount of the adsorbed phase. A hypothesis to explain the entropy data is proposed in which one builds inward from normal liquid water to the solid surface rather than the more conventional mechanisms which build outward from the solid surface. In this way the entropy data can be explained in terms of what happens to the structure of normal liquid water when different sized ions or nonpolar molecules, or both, are added. Literature data for the low density and dielectric coefficient of the sorbed phase plus the large amounts of unfrozen water still present at — 5°C are frequently used as evidence for the quasi-solid structure of the sorbed phase. A consideration of the water molecules in the sorbed phase as more random than normal liquid water is an equally plausible explanation. Nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic susceptibility data which cannot be explained by an increase in water structure are in complete agreement with the entropy data and the proposed new working hypothesis. It is concluded that not only the present entropy data but also all literature data (known to the author) concerning the sorbed phase can be satisfactorily explained if one considers the water molecules in the sorbed phase as being more random, less structured, than normal liquid water.
Quantum-Assisted Clustering Algorithms for NISQ-Era Devices (2019)

In the NISQ-era of quantum computing, we should not expect to see quantum devices that provide an exponential improvement in runtime for practical problems, due to the lack of error correction and small number of qubits available. Nevertheless, these devices should be able to provide other performance improvements, particularly when combined with existing classical machines. In this article, we develop several hybrid quantum-classical clustering algorithms that can be employed as subroutines on small, NISQ-era devices. These new hybrid algorithms require a number of qubits that is at most logarithmic in the size of the data, provide performance improvement and/or runtime improvement over their classical counterparts, and do not require a black-box oracle. Consequently, we are able to provide a promising near-term application of NISQ-era devices.
Evolution of the<i>Rhodococcus equi vap</i>Pathogenicity Island Seen through Comparison of Host-Associated<i>vapA</i>and<i>vapB</i>Virulence Plasmids (2008)

The pathogenic actinomycete Rhodococcus equi harbors different types of virulence plasmids associated with specific nonhuman hosts. We determined the complete DNA sequence of a vapB(+) plasmid, typically associated with pig isolates, and compared it with that of the horse-specific vapA(+) plasmid type. pVAPB1593, a circular 79,251-bp element, had the same housekeeping backbone as the vapA(+) plasmid but differed over an approximately 22-kb region. This variable region encompassed the vap pathogenicity island (PAI), was clearly subject to selective pressures different from those affecting the backbone, and showed major genetic rearrangements involving the vap genes. The pVAPB1593 PAI harbored five different vap genes (vapB and vapJ to -M, with vapK present in two copies), which encoded products differing by 24 to 84% in amino acid sequence from the six full-length vapA(+) plasmid-encoded Vap proteins, consistent with a role for the specific vap gene complement in R. equi host tropism. Sequence analyses, including interpolated variable-order motifs for detection of alien DNA and reconstruction of Vap family phylogenetic relationships, suggested that the vap PAI was acquired by an ancestor plasmid via lateral gene transfer, subsequently evolving by vap gene duplication and sequence diversification to give different (host-adapted) plasmids. The R. equi virulence plasmids belong to a new family of actinobacterial circular replicons characterized by an ancient conjugative backbone and a horizontally acquired niche-adaptive plasticity region.
CMOS-liquid-crystal-based image transceiver device (2001)

A CMOS-Liquid Crystal-Based Image Transceiver Device (ITD) is under development at the Holon Institute of Technology. The device combines both functions of imaginary and display in a single array structure. This unique structure allows the combination of see-through, aiming, imaging and the displaying of a superposed image to be combined in a single, compact, head mounted display. The CMOS-based pixel elements are designed to provide image sensor part of the pixel is based on an n-well photodiode and a three-transistors readout circuit. The imaging function is based on a back- illuminated sensor configuration. In order to provide a high imager fill-factor, two pixel configuration are proposed: 1) A p++/p<SUP>-</SUP>/p-well silicon structure using twin- well CMOS process; 2) an n-well processed silicon structure with a micro-lens array. The display portion of the IT device is to be fabricate don a silicon-based reflective, active matrix driver, using nematic liquid crystal material. The reflective display pixel electrode is driven by an n-MOS transistor, formed in the corresponding pixel region on the silicon substrate. The timing, sequencing and control of the IT device array are designed in a pipeline array processing scheme. A preliminary prototype system and device design have been performed and the first test device is currently being tested. Details of the device design as well as its smart goggle applications are presented.
Amyloid-β(1–42), Total Tau, and Phosphorylated Tau as Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease (2009)

CSF biomarkers Abeta42 and Tau can be used as a diagnostic aid in AD. pTau did not have additional value over these 2 markers. Cutoff values, sensitivities, specificities, and discrimination lines depend on the patient groups studied and laboratory experience.
pH, pCO <sub>2</sub> , and Temperature Effect on R‐Adenovirus Production (2003)

The effects of pH, carbon dioxide vapor pressure, pCO(2), and temperature on E1 and E3 deleted recombinant adenovirus vector (rAV) production with HEK293S cells have been studied in the ranges of pH = 6.7-7.7, pCO(2) = 0.05-0.20 atm, and T = 32-39 degrees C, respectively. The experiments were performed in four 500-mL bioreactors in parallel, which make possible the reduction of inter-run variability. Cell concentration and viability, relative oxygen uptake rate (OUR), fluorescence, and viral titer were measured. It was found that, although pH and pCO(2) did not affect significantly cell viability in the range studied, they had an important effect on virus titer. pCO(2) allowed the maximum production of rAV at 0.05 atm, and pH showed a very sharp optimum at 7.2. Temperature had an effect on both cell metabolism and virus titer. Low temperature prolonged cell viability and high OUR. Most of all, a 3-fold increase in virus yield was found at 35 degrees C compared to that at 37 degrees C, while 32 degrees C was not as beneficial (1.5-fold increase). This finding could have an important impact on large-scale production. This phenomenon was modeled using a simple 3-parameter synthesis-decay model. This model shows how the optimum gain in virus production at 35 degrees C is due to a balance between the production and decay processes at that temperature.
Extendable, miniaturized multi-modal optical imaging system: cortical hemodynamic observation in freely moving animals (2013)

Observation of brain activities in freely moving animals has become an important approach for neuroscientists to understand the correlation between brain function and behavior. We describe an extendable fiber-optic-based multi-modal imaging system that can concurrently carry out laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) of blood flow and optical intrinsic signal (OIS) imaging in freely moving animals, and it could be extended to fluorescence imaging. Our imaging system consists of a multi-source illuminator, a fiber multi-channel optical imaging unit, and a head-mounted microscope. The imaging fiber bundle delivers optical images from the head-mounted microscope to the multi-channel optical imaging unit. Illuminating multi-mode fiber bundles transmit light to the head-mounted microscope which has a mass of less than 1.5 g and includes a gradient index lens, giving the animal maximum movement capability. The internal optical components are adjustable, allowing for a change in magnification and field of view. We test the system by observing hemodynamic changes during cortical spreading depression (CSD) in freely moving and anesthetized animals by simultaneous LSCI and dual-wavelength OIS imaging. Hemodynamic parameters were calculated. Significant differences in CSD propagation durations between the two states were observed. Furthermore, it is capable of performing fluorescence imaging to explore animal behavior and the underlying brain functional activity further.
60.1: <i>Distinguished Paper:</i> A Third Generation Timing Controller And Column Driver Architecture Using Point‐to‐Point Differential Signaling (2004)

Abstract Many assume LCDs will quickly dominate the TV market by simply scaling existing LCD monitor panels to wider formats (e.g. 16:9 HDTV) and larger sizes. However, a number of TV requirements push beyond the state‐of‐the‐art monitors of today; response time, brightness, contrast, color envelope, color temperature, and progressive scan‐and‐hold issues require a re‐engineering of the monitor solution. Building upon the strengths of National's LVDS and RSDS technology solutions in digital video‐data communications, we have created a completely new architecture that fully addresses the needs of TV while supporting existing platforms. The Point‐to‐Point Differential Signaling (PPDS™) architecture is more than a data link between the timing controller and the column driver. It is an architecture that supports very large displays with features like multiple windows each with its own gamma, various gamma optimizations, color balance at every gray level, minimal bezel size, a 30‐bit and beyond color path to the display surface, four‐color mosaics and numerous other benefits.
Sputter-induced defects in Zn-doped GaAs Schottky diodes (2003)

Schottky barrier diodes are made by ac magnetron deposition of Au on p-type GaAs substrates. Sputtering causes donor-like defects in the surface region of semiconductors, and these donor-like states compensate mostly the Zn shallow acceptor states over distances of 200 nm below the surface. These defects are attributed to the As Frenkel pairs VAs?Asi with an energy level at 0.27 eV below the conduction band. The As Frenkel pairs are responsible for the Fermi level pinning at metal?semiconductor interfaces and also for the observed change in barrier height in sputtered GaAs material.
Expression of AIMP1, 2 and 3, the scaffolds for the multi-tRNA synthetase complex, is downregulated in gastric and colorectal cancer. (2011)

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional proteins (AIMPs) form a protein complex with aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. In addition to protein translation, AIMPs play a role in diverse biological processes. Earlier studies suggested that AIMPs may act as tumor suppressors. However, the expression status of the AIMP proteins in human cancer tissues is largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed the expression of AIMP members (AIMP1, AIMP2 and AIMP3) in gastric cancer (GC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues. We analyzed the expression of these proteins in 100 GC and 103 CRC tissues by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray method. Normal gastric and colon mucosa expressed AIMP1, AIMP2 and AIMP3 in nearly all of the cases (95-100%). However, the expression of AIMP1, AIMP2 and AIMP3 was significantly decreased in the GC samples (60%, 52% and 70% of the cases, respectively) and in the CRC samples (66%, 53% and 81% of the cases, respectively) ( P <0.01). Expression of AIMP1, AIMP2 or AIMP3 was not associated with clinicopathological parameters including differentiation, depth of invasion and TNM stage. The decreased expression of AIMP1, AIMP2 and AIMP3 in the GC and CRC tissues compared to the corresponding normal tissues suggested that downregulation of these proteins may be related to inactivation of the tumor suppressor functions of AIMP proteins and might play a role in the development of GC and CRC.
Effects of <i>Schisandra</i> Lignans on P-Glycoprotein-Mediated Drug Efflux in Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells (2007)

Schisandra fruits (Schisandraceae) are often used in traditional medicine and can be taken concomitantly with conventional medicine. In this study, the effects of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans from Schizandra chinensis on P-gp-mediated efflux were examined to investigate a possible interaction with P-gp substrates. The cellular accumulation of rhodamine-123 in Caco-2 cells was measured with 12 Schisandra lignans. Most compounds resulted in slight or moderate increases of rhodamin-123 cellular uptake, indicating their P-gp inhibitory activity. Among them, deoxyschizandrin exhibited the most potent effect on the accumulation of rhodamine-123. Subsequently, bidirectional transports of digoxin and rhodamine-123 in Caco-2 cells were determined with deoxyschizandrin, the most active compound for the rhodamine-123 assay. In the bidirectional transport study, apical-to-basal (A-to-B) transports of digoxin and rhodamine-123 were increased, whereas basal-to-apical (B-to-A) transports were decreased by deoxyschizandrin in concentration- and time-dependent manners. At 50 microM of deoxyschizandrin, the transport ratios (B-A/A-B) for digoxin and rhodamine-123 were 2.2 and 2.1 compared with the control ratios of 15.2 and 12.2, respectively. These results demonstrated that deoxyschizandrin effectively inhibited the P-gp-mediated efflux in Caco-2 cells, suggesting they could potentially increase the absorption of drugs that can act as a P-gp substrate.