gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control of growth regulatory and differentiation-specific genes in human epidermal keratinocytes by interferon gamma. Antagonism by retinoic acid and transforming growth factor beta 1. (1994)

Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) is a potent inducer of squamous differentiation in normal human epidermal keratinocytes. This induction is characterized by a > or = 95% decrease in the mRNA level of two growth regulatory genes, cdc2 and E2F-1, and a 7-15-fold increase in the expression of two squamous cell-specific genes, transglutaminase type I and cornifin. In contrast to the decrease in cdc2 and E2F-1 expression, the increase in transglutaminase type I and cornifin mRNAs by IFN-gamma occurs after a lagtime of more than 12 h. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that in normal human epidermal keratinocyte cells irreversible growth arrest precedes the expression of the squamous-differentiated phenotype. The action of IFN-gamma on the expression of squamous cell-specific genes is antagonized by retinoic acid and transforming growth factor beta 1. Both factors are potent suppressors of the induction of transglutaminase type I and cornifin; however, they do not prevent the commitment to irreversible growth arrest. Several squamous cell carcinoma cell lines do not show a detectable decrease in cdc2 or increase in transglutaminase type I mRNA levels after IFN-gamma treatment and appear to be altered in their control of squamous differentiation.
Chimeric antigen receptor T cells form nonclassical and potent immune synapses driving rapid cytotoxicity (2018)

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells are effective serial killers with a faster off-rate from dying tumor cells than CAR-T cells binding target cells through their T cell receptor (TCR). Here we explored the functional consequences of CAR-mediated signaling using a dual-specific CAR-T cell, where the same cell was triggered via TCR (tcrCTL) or CAR (carCTL). The carCTL immune synapse lacked distinct LFA-1 adhesion rings and was less reliant on LFA to form stable conjugates with target cells. carCTL receptors associated with the synapse were found to be disrupted and formed a convoluted multifocal pattern of Lck microclusters. Both proximal and distal receptor signaling pathways were induced more rapidly and subsequently decreased more rapidly in carCTL than in tcrCTL. The functional consequence of this rapid signaling in carCTL cells included faster lytic granule recruitment to the immune synapse, correlating with faster detachment of the CTL from the target cell. This study provides a mechanism for how CAR-T cells can debulk large tumor burden quickly and may contribute to further refinement of CAR design for enhancing the quality of signaling and programming of the T cell.
[On the histogenesis of uterine mixed tumors (author's transl)]. (1977)

Heterologous tumors of the uterus are commonly designated as Müllerian mixed tumors. Their origin is attributed to dispersed embryogenic isles of Müllerian duct. The always high age of the afflicted woman plus the localization in post-climacteric polyps, speak against this assumption. Five personal observations have motivated the more intensive occupation with the histiogenesis of these cases. This has led to the conclusion that these mixed tissue formations do not come from dispersed cell isles, but that the multipotency of proliferated cells has only appeared in later age in connection with a metaplasia.
Photonic band structure computations (2001)

We introduce a novel algorithm for band structure computations based on multigrid methods. In addition, we demonstrate how the results of these band structure calculations may be used to compute group velocities and effective photon masses. The results are of direct relevance to studies of pulse propagation in such materials.
Development of a Corona Discharge Detector for Flyback Transformers (1977)

This paper describes a new corona discharge detector for flyback transformers. It can detect corona discharges which are generated by the flyback pulse and have a great effect on the reliability of flyback transformers. It also adds greatly to the insulation design and quality control of flyback transformers. In measurement of corona discharges generated by flyback pulses, harmonic components of the flyback pulse act as noise and interfere with the detection of corona signals. This detector has improved the S/N ratio extremely by transforming the corona signals and the harmonic components to digital signals and calculating their values. Also, this paper gives some explanations of a New Hermetically-Sealed Flyback Transformer, which was developed by using the detector in insulation design, and of an application for the quality control of the resin-molded flyback transformers which have a tendency to incur corona discharges.
The OAuth Protocol: Authentication (2009)

This document specifies the OAuth protocol authentication method.
OAuth allows clients to access server resources on behalf of another
party (such a different client or an end user). This document defines
an HTTP authentication method which supports the ability to include
two sets of credential with each request, one identifying the client
and another identifying the resource owner on whose behalf the request
is made.
Multilevel control of the metastable states in a manganite film (2017)

For high density memory applications, the dynamic switching between multilevel resistance states per cell is highly desirable, and for oxide-based memory devices, the multistate operation has been actively explored. We have previously shown that for La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 films, the antiferromagnetic charge-ordered-insulator (COI) phase can be induced via the anisotropic epitaxial strain, and it competes with the doping-determined ferromagnetic-metal (FMM) ground state in a wide temperature range. Here, we show that for the phase competitions, in various magnetic fields and/or thermal cycling, the reappearance of the COI phase and thus the resistance and magnetization can be manipulated and quantified in a multilevel manner at lower temperatures. Furthermore, by using a high-field magnetic force microscope, we image the COI/FMM domain structures in accordance with the transport measurements, and find that the evolving domains or the phase fraction ratios do underline the metastability of the reappeared COI droplets, possibly protected by the energy barriers due to accommodation strain. These results may add new insights into the design and fabrication of future multilevel memory cells.
Thermal-aware 3D design for side-channel information leakage (2016)

Side-channel attacks are important security challenges as they reveal sensitive information about on-chip activities. Among such attacks, the thermal side-channel has been shown to disclose the activities of key functional blocks and even encryption keys. This paper proposes a novel approach to proactively conceal critical activities in the functional layers while minimizing the power dissipation by (i) leveraging inherent characteristics of 3D integration to protect from side-channel attacks and (ii) dynamically generating custom activity patterns to match the activity to be concealed in the functional layers. Experimental analysis shows that 3D technology combined with the proposed run-time algorithm effectively reduces the Side-channel Vulnerability Factor (SVF) below 0.05 and the Spatial Thermal Side-channel Factor (STSF) below 0.59.
The Need for a Contextual Framework for Intervention Training (1998)

Abstract It is argued that curricula in psychotherapy and other forms of intervention in doctoral level psychology training programs are severely limited by the routine failure to include explicit training in contextual skills. Contextual skills consist of the processes of judgement and reasoning that guide and inform the application of more specific, circumscribed knowledge and skills. Examples of the types of processes comprising contextual skills and their relevance to the practice of and training in psychological intervention are discussed. The ways in which such a framework would improve intervention training and practice are considered.
The role of PD-1 and PD-L1 in T-cell immune suppression in patients with hematological malignancies (2013)

T-cell activation and dysfunction relies on direct and modulated receptors. Based on their functional outcome, co-signaling molecules can be divided as co-stimulators and co-inhibitors, which positively and negatively control the priming, growth, differentiation and functional maturation of a T-cell response. We are beginning to understand the power of co-inhibitors in the context of lymphocyte homeostasis and the pathogenesis of leukemia, which involves several newly described co-inhibitory pathways, including the programmed death-1 (PD-1) and PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) pathway. The aim of this review is to summarize the PD-1 and PD-L1 biological functions and their alterative expression in hematological malignancies. The role of PD-1 and PD-L1 in T-cell immune suppression and the potential for immunotherapy via blocking PD-1 and PD-L1 in hematological malignancies are also reviewed.
What's new in GSAS-II (2014)

The General Structure and Analysis Software II (GSAS-II) package is an all-new crystallographic analysis package written to replace and extend the capabilities of the universal and widely used GSAS and EXPGUI packages. GSAS-II was described in a 2013 article, but considerable work has been completed since then. This paper describes the advances, which include: rigid body fitting and structure solution modules; improved treatment for parametric refinements and equation of state fitting; and small-angle scattering data reduction and analysis. GSAS-II offers versatile and extensible modules for import and export of data and results. Capabilities are provided for users to select any version of the code. Code documentation has reached 150 pages and 17 web-tutorials are offered.
Implementation of a Rapid Genotypic Assay to Promote Targeted Ciprofloxacin Therapy of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> in a Large Health System (2016)

Multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a top threat to public health. In November 2015, UCLA Health introduced a rapid gyrase A (gyrA) genotypic assay for prediction of Neisseria gonorrhoeae susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. We found a significant reduction in ceftriaxone use with a concomitant increase in targeted therapy.
High-resolution 17–75keV backlighters for high energy density experiments (2008)

17 – 75 keV one- and two-dimensional high-resolution (&lt;10μm) radiography has been developed using high-intensity short pulse lasers. High energy Kα sources are created by fluorescence from hot electrons interacting in the target material after irradiation by lasers with intensity IL&gt;1017W∕cm2. High-resolution point projection one- and two-dimensional radiography has been achieved using microfoil and microwire targets attached to low-Z substrate materials. The microwire size was 10μm×10μm×300μm on a 300μm×300μm×5μm polystyrene substrate. The radiography experiments were performed using the Titan laser at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The results show that the resolution is dominated by the microwire target size and there is very little degradation from the plasma plume, implying that the high-energy x-ray photons are generated mostly within the microwire volume. There are enough Kα photons created with a 300J, 1-ω, 40ps pulse laser from these small volume targets, and that the signal-to-noise ratio is sufficiently high, for single shot radiography experiments. This unique technique will be used on future high energy density experiments at many new high-power laser facilities.
Control of erythropoiesis in humans during prolonged exposure to the altitude of 6,542 m (1994)

Altitude hypoxia induces an increase in erythropoiesis. Some of the factors involved in the control of altitude polycythemia were studied. Ten subjects (4 women, 6 men) were exposed for 3 wk to extreme altitude (6,542 m). Blood was withdrawn in normoxia (N) and after 1 wk (H1), 2 wk (H2), or 3 wk (H3) at 6,542 m for the measurement of serum erythropoietin (EPO), blood hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), intraerythrocyte folate (Fol), and plasma ferritin (Fer) concentrations. Renal blood flow (RBF) and absolute proximal reabsorption rate (APR) were measured by the p-aminohippuric acid and lithium clearance, respectively, in N and H2 conditions. O2 supply to the kidneys was calculated using RBF and arterial O2 content (CaO2). After an initial sharp increase in EPO, it decreased at H2 and H3. Hct and Hb increased from N to H1 and H2 and then unexpectedly decreased from H2 to H3. Mean corpuscular Hb content (MCHC = Hb/Hct) was lower in all H than in N conditions. Increase in EPO at H1 varied from 3- to 134-fold among individuals. Women showed a smaller increase in Hct and Hb and a greater decrease in MCHC. Two women showed a large increase in EPO without increase in Hb. Fol was not modified by altitude hypoxia. Fer showed a marked decrease in H1 and H3 compared with N. Hb was positively related to Fer in hypoxia. Iron intake in food was markedly decreased during the 2-wk ascent to 6,542 m. EPO was inversely related to CaO2 and positively related to APR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Nanofabrication of high aspect ratio 24nm x-ray zone plates for x-ray imaging applications (2007)

Building high-performance zone plate is a critical step for achieving nanometer resolution in advanced x-ray imaging and microscopy. Zone plates with smaller outmost zone width and higher aspect ratio are increasingly in demand, simply because the resolution and efficiency of an x-ray microscope are ultimately determined by these two features. In this paper, we will present detailed discussion of achieving high aspect ratio and high resolution x-ray zone plate through electron beam lithography, trilevel resist process and gold plating, fabrication problems, and limitations. We will also present the technique to double the aspect ratio of the zone plate and measure the results of x-ray diffraction efficiency of single and aspect ratio doubled zone plates.
학술연구 : 대학도서관과 공공도서관 협력 네트워크 (2011)

현재 대학도서관과 공공도서관간의 협력 상황을 파악해보면 자료의 공동 이용에만 합의하여 추진되고 있는 실정이며 그 실효성과 효과성면에서도 면밀한 분석이 필요하다는 것을 알 수 있다. 따라서 이 두 도서관이 운영상 부족한 문제 해결을 위해 서로의 장, 단점을 가상해 도출하고 서로 보완하는 대안을 제언하며, 성격이 서로 다른 도서관기능을 서로 네트워크화하여 이용자서비스 영역을 넓히는 것이 정보화 시대의 다각적인 도서관 운영방안이다.
Nonlinear control design using exact linearization for permanent magnet synchronous generator (2013)

Paper presents the ways of modeling and analysis of exactly linearized permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) coupled with boast chopper in wind generation systems. The primary focus of this paper is to use state of art approach for linearizing nonlinear model and to obtain control law. Exact feedback linearization via state feedback algorithm is the basic scheme that has been derived for the PMSG boast convertor nonlinear model.
A Dual-Channel Automated Comparator for AC-DC Difference Measurements (1985)

An automated ac-dc difference calibration system is described. The system incorporates a new electronic comparator which determines ac-dc differences of thermal voltage converters (TVC's) by simultaneously measuring the difference between nearly equal ac and dc voltages with both the test and standard instruments. The comparator consists essentially of two practically identical channels each containing a digital-to-analog converter balancing circuit, an operational amplifier to amplify voltage imbalance, and an integrator circuit in which a capacitor is charged during an accurately controlled 10-s period. The difference between the ac and dc voltages applied to the test and standard TVC's is computed from differences in capacitor voltages, and the ac-dc difference is derived from the variation between the test and standard channel indications of this voltage difference. Measurements are made in about half the time required for our manual procedures.
Second harmonic generation in Ge-doped fibers with a mode-locked Kr+ laser (1987)

We report on frequency doubling of the 647.1 nm line from a mode-locked Kr+ laser in a single-mode fiber with pure Ge-doped core. The harmonic light at 323.5 nm builds up after about 20 min of laser irradiation at 647.1 nm. Peak powers as low as 600 W were sufficient to prepare the fibers for second harmonic generation.
Identification of JTP‐70902, a p15<sup>INK4b</sup>‐inductive compound, as a novel MEK1/2 inhibitor (2007)

The INK4 family members p16(INK4a) and p15(INK4b) negatively regulate cell cycle progression by inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6. Loss of p16(INK4a) functional activity is frequently observed in tumor cells, and is thought to be one of the primary causes of carcinogenesis. In contrast, despite the biochemical similarity to p16(INK4a), the frequency of defects in p15(INK4b) was found to be lower than in p16(INK4a), suggesting that p15(INK4b)-inductive agents may be useful for tumor suppression. Here we report the discovery of a novel pyrido-pyrimidine derivative, JTP-70902, which exhibits p15(INK4b)-inducing activity in p16(INK4a)-inactivated human colon cancer HT-29 cells. JTP-70902 also induced another CDK-inhibitor, p27(KIP1), and downregulated the expression of c-Myc and cyclin D1, resulting in G(1) cell cycle arrest. MEK1/2 was identified by compound-immobilized affinity chromatography as the molecular target of JTP-70902, and this was further confirmed by the inhibitory activity of JTP-70902 against MEK1/2 in kinase assays. JTP-70902 suppressed the growth of most colorectal and some other cancer cell lines in vitro, and showed antitumor activity in an HT-29 xenograft model. However, JTP-70902 did not inhibit the growth of COLO320 DM cells; in these, constitutive extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation was not detected, and neither p15(INK4b) nor p27(KIP1) induction was observed. Moreover, p15(INK4b)-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts were found to be more resistant to the growth-inhibitory effect of JTP-70902 than wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblasts. These findings suggest that JTP-70902 restores CDK inhibitor-mediated cell cycle control by inhibiting MEK1/2 and exerts a potent antitumor effect.
A Local Mean-Based k-Nearest Centroid Neighbor Classifier (2012)

K-nearest neighbor (KNN) rule is a simple and effective algorithm in pattern classification. In this article, we propose a local mean-based k-nearest centroid neighbor classifier that assigns to each query pattern a class label with nearest local centroid mean vector so as to improve the classification performance. The proposed scheme not only takes into account the proximity and spatial distribution of k neighbors, but also utilizes the local mean vector of k neighbors from each class in making classification decision. In the proposed classifier, a local mean vector of k nearest centroid neighbors from each class for a query pattern is well positioned to sufficiently capture the class distribution information. In order to investigate the classification behavior of the proposed classifier, we conduct extensive experiments on the real and synthetic data sets in terms of the classification error. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method performs significantly well, particularly in the small sample size cases, compared with the state-of-the-art KNN-based algorithms.
Protein folding pathways extracted by OFLOOD: Outlier FLOODing method (2014)

The Outlier FLOODing method (OFLOOD) is proposed as an efficient conformational sampling method to extract biologically rare events such as protein folding. In OFLOOD, sparse distributions (outliers in the conformational space) were regarded as relevant states for the transitions. Then, the transitions were enhanced through conformational resampling from the outliers. This evidence indicates that the conformational resampling of the sparse distributions might increase chances for promoting the transitions from the outliers to other meta-stable states, which resembles a conformational flooding from the outliers to the neighboring clusters. OFLOOD consists of (i) detections of outliers from conformational distributions and (ii) conformational resampling from the outliers by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Cycles of (i) and (ii) are simply repeated. As demonstrations, OFLOOD was applied to folding of Chignolin and HP35. In both cases, OFLOOD automatically extracted folding pathways from unfolded structures with ns-order computational costs, although µs-order canonical MD failed to extract them.
Structure-activity relationships in the peptide antibiotic nisin: role of dehydroalanine 5 (1996)

A mutant of the peptide antibiotic nisin in which the dehydroalanine residue at position 5 has been replaced by an alanine has been produced and structurally characterized. It is shown to have activity very similar to that of wild-type nisin in inhibiting growth of Lactococcus lactis and Micrococcus luteus but is very much less active than nisin as an inhibitor of the outgrowth of spores of Bacillus subtilis. These observations, which parallel those of W. Liu and J. N. Hansen (Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:648-651, 1993) on the corresponding mutant of the related antibiotic subtilin, are discussed in terms of the mechanism(s) of action of these antibiotics.
Genetic polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (<i>MTHFR</i>) and methionine synthase reductase (<i>MTRR</i>) in ethnic populations in Texas; a report of a novel<i>MTHFR</i>polymorphic site, G1793A (2001)

The importance of hyperhomocysteinemia, birth defects, and vascular diseases has been the subject of intense investigations. The polymorphic MTHFR mutations (C677T and A1298C) cause mild hyperhomocysteinemia, especially in homozygotes for C677T, but also in compound heterozygotes for C677T/A1298C. The subject of this report is the frequency of the polymorphic mutations in the MTHFR gene C677T, C1298A, and newly discovered mutation G1793A, as well as the association with MTRR polymorphic site A66G in different ethnic groups. Four ethnic groups were studied: African-Americans, Caucasians, Hispanics, and Ashkenazi Jews. There are statistically significant differences in the frequency of these alleles in the different populations studied, which impacts compound heterozygosity for such alleles in these populations. DNA samples obtained from the blood of healthy individuals of African-Americans, Hispanics, and Caucasians from south Texas were analyzed and compared to those obtained from Ashkenazi Jewish individuals. The polymorphic site, the G1793A allele, is least frequent among Ashkenazi individuals, 1.3%, compared to 6.9% among Caucasians (P = 0.001), 5.8% among Hispanics (P = 0.012), and 3.1% among African-Americans. The MTRR polymorphic site shows the lowest allele frequency among Hispanics, 28.6%, compared to 34% among African-Americans, 43.1% among Ashkenazi Jews (P = 0.002), and 54.4% among Caucasians (P < 0.0001). Statistically significant differences in allele frequencies of C677T and C1298A polymorphisms were also observed in these populations. Compound heterozygosity for multiple polymorphic alleles may play a role in birth defects and vascular diseases.