gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monocyte-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity: a clinical test of monocyte function (1976)

The lack of a simple, rapid, and quantitative test of the functional activity of the monocyte has hampered studies of the contribution of this cell type to host defense and human disease. This report describes an assay of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, which depends exclusively upon the monocyte as the effector cell and therefore provides a convenient test of monocyte function. In this system, mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) obtained by Ficoll-Hypaque separation of whole blood are cytotoxic for 51Cr-labeled human erythrocyte targets coated with anti-blood group antibody. Removal of phagocytic monocytes from the MNL by iron ingestion, followed by exposure to a magnetic field, completely abolishes all cytotoxic activity from the remaining MNL population. Similarly, in severely mono-cytopenic patients with aplastic anemia, cytotoxic effector activity is absent. In normals and less severely monocytopenic aplastic anemia patients, cytotoxicity correlates significantly (p less than 0.001) with monocyte number. Application of this monocyte-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity assay to the study of patients with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome has revealed defective monocyte cytotoxic activity in spite of normal monocyte numbers, suggesting that this test may be useful for the assessment of monocyte function in a variety of clinical situations.
Feature peeling (2007)

We present a novel rendering algorithm that analyses the ray profiles along the line of sight. The profiles are subdivided according to encountered peaks and valleys at so called transition points. The sensitivity of these transition points is calibrated via two thresholds. The slope threshold is based on the magnitude of a peak following a valley, while the peeling threshold measures the depth of the transition point relative to the neighboring rays. This technique separates the dataset into a number of feature layers. The user can scroll through the layers inspecting various features from the current view position. While our technique has been inspired by opacity peeling approach, we demonstrate that we can reveal detectable features even in the third and forth layers for both CT and MRI datasets.
Global Identification and Characterization of Both O-GlcNAcylation and Phosphorylation at the Murine Synapse (2012)

O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a dynamic, reversible monosaccharide modifier of serine and threonine residues on intracellular protein domains. Crosstalk between O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation has been hypothesized. Here, we identified over 1750 and 16,500 sites of O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation from murine synaptosomes, respectively. In total, 135 (7%) of all O-GlcNAcylation sites were also found to be sites of phosphorylation. Although many proteins were extensively phosphorylated and minimally O-GlcNAcylated, proteins found to be extensively O-GlcNAcylated were almost always phosphorylated to a similar or greater extent, indicating the O-GlcNAcylation system is specifically targeting a subset of the proteome that is also phosphorylated. Both PTMs usually occur on disordered regions of protein structure, within which, the location of O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation is virtually random with respect to each other, suggesting that negative crosstalk at the structural level is not a common phenomenon. As a class, protein kinases are found to be more extensively O-GlcNAcylated than proteins in general, indicating the potential for crosstalk of phosphorylation with O-GlcNAcylation via regulation of enzymatic activity.
Reaction of Cyclic Phosphoramidites with Disulfides. I. A Novel Synthesis of Phosphoramidothioates (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of Cyclic Phosphoramidites with Disulfides. I. A Novel Synthesis of PhosphoramidothioatesKurt Pilgram, Donald D. Phillips, and Friedhelm KorteCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 7, 1844–1847Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01030a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01030a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views98Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Monoclonal antibody hapten radiopharmaceutical delivery (1986)

One hundred micrograms of monoclonal antibody (MoAb) CHA255 with a binding constant Kb of 4 X 10(9) was complexed with indium-111 labelled BLEDTA II, BLEDTA IV, benzyl EDTA, and an EDTA conjugate of Fab. The 24-h tumour and organ distribution of BALB/c mice bearing KHJJ tumours was studied for each compound alone, the antibody complex, and 3 h following a chelate chase of the antibody complex. Whole body biological half-life was measured for 7 days with and without a chelate chase for each antibody complex. The 24-h whole body counts dropped 20 to 60% and blood concentration fell over 89% within 3 h of administering the chelate chase. Theoretical equivalent human organ doses were calculated from the 24-h organ concentrations, effective half-life, and MIRD 11 S values (absorbed dose per cumulated activity). Liver and spleen were the target organs, with the dose ranging from 0.50 to 3.91 rads mCi-1. The reduction in organ radiation dose varied up to 95% following the chelate chase. Rapid selective renal clearance of chelate labelled radiopharmaceuticals by competitive inhibition (chelate chase) of their reversible binding to monoclonal antibodies enhances tumour imaging and improves the radiation dosimetry.
Sentinel lymph nodes fluorescence detection and imaging using Patent Blue V bound to human serum albumin (2012)

Patent Blue V (PBV), a dye used clinically for sentinel lymph node detection, was mixed with human serum albumin (HSA). After binding to HSA, the fluorescence quantum yield increased from 5 × 10(-4) to 1.7 × 10(-2), which was enough to allow fluorescence detection and imaging of its distribution. A detection threshold, evaluated in scattering test objects, lower than 2.5 nmol × L(-1) was obtained, using a single-probe setup with a 5-mW incident light power. The detection sensitivity using a fluorescence imaging device was in the µmol × L(-1) range, with a noncooled CCD camera. Preclinical evaluation was performed on a rat model and permitted to observe inflamed nodes on all animals.
On the catalase-peroxidase gene, katG, of Mycobacterium leprae and the implications for treatment of leprosy with isoniazid (1997)

The toxicity of the potent tuberculocidal agent, isoniazid, is mediated by the heme-containing enzyme, catalase-peroxidase, encoded by the katG gene. Although isoniazid has been used for the treatment of leprosy, it is shown here that the katG gene of Mycobacterium leprae is a pseudogene, which has probably been inactivated by multiple mutations. Inactive genes were detected by the polymerase chain reaction in several isolates of M. leprae, of different geographical origins, and attempts to complement an isoniazid-resistant strain of Mycobacterium smegmatis with the katG pseudogene were unsuccessful. Isoniazid is thus likely to be of no therapeutic benefit to leprosy patients.
Roflumilast for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (2005)

Roflumilast is an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase- IV (PDE4), a cellular enzyme that is linked to airway inflammation in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In clinical trials, roflumilast produced significant improvements in FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one second) and PEF (peak expiratory flow) compared with low-dose inhaled beclomethasone in asthma patients, and compared with placebo in COPD patients. Roflumilast reduced the use of rescue medication in both populations. COPD patients on roflumilast experienced fewer exacerbations. The most common adverse effects reported in roflumilast trials were diarrhea, nausea, headache, and abdominal pain. Evidence is only available in non-peer-reviewed format abstracts. Most of the measures used are markers of clinical effects as opposed to clinical outcomes. More studies are needed to determine the role of roflumilast in the treatment of asthma and COPD.
Enzyme-based antifouling coatings: a review (2007)

A systematic overview is presented of the literature that reports the antifouling (AF) protection of underwater structures via the action of enzymes. The overall aim of this review is to assess the state of the art of enzymatic AF technology, and to highlight the obstacles that have to be overcome for successful development of enzymatic AF coatings. The approaches described in the literature are divided into direct and indirect enzymatic AF, depending on the intended action of the enzymes. Direct antifouling is used when the enzymes themselves are active antifoulants. Indirect antifouling refers to the use of enzymes to release an active biocide with AF activity. For direct AF, several patents have been granted, and a commercial product has been launched. However, the achievement of an efficient broad-spectrum AF coating based on a single or a few enzymes has not yet been achieved. An indirect AF coating is not yet available commercially. The technology is mainly limited by the instability of substrate supply, whether the substrates are found in the surrounding seawater or in the coating itself. Legislative issues regarding which part(s) of an enzyme system should be regarded as biocidal for product registration purposes are also considered. The above question currently remains unanswered for technologies utilising indirect enzymatic AF.
Excess molar volumes for dimethyl carbonate + heptane, decane, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, cyclohexane, benzene, toluene, or tetrachloromethane (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExcess molar volumes for dimethyl carbonate + heptane, decane, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, cyclohexane, benzene, toluene, or tetrachloromethaneIsaias Garcia de la Fuente, Juan A. Gonzalez, Jose C. Cobos, and Carlos CasanovaCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1992, 37, 4, 535–537Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je00008a037https://doi.org/10.1021/je00008a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views225Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gender Differences in Achievement Goals and Performances in English Language and Mathematics of Senior Secondary Schools Students in Borno State, Nigeria. (2016)

The paper investigated gender difference in achievement goals and performance in English Language and Mathematics of senior secondary schools students in Borno State, Nigeria.  The study specifically sought to determine gender differences in students’ academic performances in English Language, Mathematics and overall academic performance as well as the effects of gender on these differences in performance if any.  The study was based on the ‘A Hierarchical Model of Approach and Avoidance Achievement Goals Motivation’ propounded by Elliot and Church (1997).   The study used Correlational design with a sample of 827 (414 boys and 413) students selected via stratified random sampling form 18 schools across the state.  “A Hierarchical Model of Approach and Avoidance Achievement Goals Motivation” Scale was used to measure achievement goals, tests in English and  Mathematics were used to measure achievement measures in the two subjects domains while  the aggregate of average scores in the two  tests  was used to measure overall academic performance.  The instruments were administered to the participants in a classroom seating position and collected on the sport and the data was analyzed using MANAVA. The results revealed that males performed significantly better than females in English Language and overall academic performance but there is no gender difference in Mathematics performance; and there is significant effect of gender on students’ learning goal orientation in faviour of males, whereas there are no gender effects on performance –approach and performance-avoidance goals orientation of students. The implications of the study for education and research were highlighted. Keywords : Gender, differences, achievement goals, performance, English language, Mathematics, senior secondary schools students.  Nigeria
Extensive mutagenesis experiments corroborate a structural model for the DNA deaminase domain of APOBEC3G (2007)

APOBEC3G is a single-strand DNA cytosine deaminase capable of blocking retrovirus and retrotransposon replication. APOBEC3G has two conserved zinc-coordinating motifs but only one is required for catalysis. Here, deletion analyses revealed that the minimal catalytic domain consists of residues 198-384. Size exclusion assays indicated that this protein is monomeric. Many (31/69) alanine substitution derivatives of APOBEC3G198-384 retained significant to full levels of activity. These data corroborated an APOBEC2-based structural model for the catalytic domain of APOBEC3G indicating that most non-essential residues are solvent accessible and most essential residues cluster within the protein core.
A new role for a SNARE protein as a regulator of the Ypt7/Rab-dependent stage of docking (2000)

The homotypic fusion of yeast vacuoles occurs in an ordered cascade of priming, docking, and fusion. The linkage between these steps has so far remained unclear. We now report that Vam7p (the vacuolar SNAP-23/25 homolog) signals from the cis-SNARE complex to Ypt7p (the vacuolar Rab/Ypt) to initiate the docking process. After Vam7p has been released from the cis-SNARE complex by Sec18p-mediated priming, it is still required for Ypt7p-dependent docking and it needs Ypt7p to remain on the vacuole. Thus, after priming, Vam7p is released from the vacuole altogether if Ypt7p has been extracted by Gdi1p or inactivated by antibody but is not released if docking is blocked simply by vacuole dilution; it is therefore Ypt7p function, and not docking per se, that retains Vam7p. In accord with this finding, cells deleted for the gene encoding Ypt7 have normal amounts of Vam7p but have little Vam7p on their isolated vacuoles. Interaction of Vam7p and Ypt7p is further indicated by two-hybrid analysis [Uetz, P., Giot, L., Cagney, G., Mansfield, T. A., Judson, R. S., Knight, J. R., Lockshon, D., Narayan, V., Srinivasan, M., Pochart, P., et al. (2000) Nature (London) 403, 623-627] and by the effect of Vam7p on the association of the Rab/Ypt-effector HOPS complex (homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting; Vam2p and Vam6p plus four vacuole protein sorting class C proteins) with Ypt7p. Vam7p provides a functional link between the priming step, which releases it from the cis-SNARE complex, and docking.
Identification of linear systems with adaptive control of the cross-multiplicative transfer function approximation (2008)

In this paper, we extend the cross-multiplicative transfer function (CMTF) approach for improved system identification in the short- time Fourier transform (STFT) domain. The proposed algorithm adaptively controls the number of cross-terms in the CMTF approximation to achieve the minimum mean-square error (mmse) at each iteration. A small number of cross-terms is initially used to achieve fast convergence, and as the adaptation process proceeds, the algorithm gradually increases this number to enhance the steady-state performance. When compared to the conventional multiplicative transfer function (MTF) approach, the resulting algorithm achieves a substantial improvement in steady-state performance, without compromising for slower convergence. Experimental results validate the theoretical derivations and demonstrate the advantage of the proposed approach to acoustic echo cancellation.
Acquisition of semantic patterns for information extraction from corpora (2002)

A knowledge acquisition tool to extract semantic patterns for a memory-based information retrieval system is presented. The major goal of this tool is to facilitate the construction of a large knowledge base of semantic patterns. The system acquires semantic patterns from texts with a small amount of user interaction. It acquires new phrasal patterns from the input text, maps each element of the pattern to a meaning frame, generalizes the acquired pattern, and merges it into the current knowledge base. Interaction with the user is introduced at some decision points, where the ambiguity cannot be resolved automatically without other pieces of predefined knowledge. The acquisition process is described in detail, and a preliminary experimental result is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Carbon nanotube growth on challenging substrates : applications for carbon-fiber composites (2011)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, February 2012.
Branched Chain Natural Rubber Derivatives Obtained by Reaction with Azodicarboxylates (1957)

Abstract 1. Ethyl azodicarboxylate (EAD) and ethylene dis-ethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) react quantitatively with natural rubber to form branched and cross-linked derivatives, respectively. 2. The mechanical properties of vulcanizates from natural rubber containing side branches (obtained with the aid of EAD) differ greatly from the properties of unbranched vulcanizates. 3. Analysis of the load-extension diagrams shows that the introduction of EAD side chains into natural rubber results in the formation of vulcanizates with high extensions at low loads. Vulcanizates without EAD have steeper load-extension diagrams and lower extensions at break. 4. As the temperature rises from 20 to 100°, the elastic modulus and mechanical losses (or the logarithmic damping decrement) of vulcanizates cross-linked with DEAD decreases greatly (about 4–7 times). Addition of 10 per cent (g-equiv.) of EAD side chains approximately doubles the mechanical losses in comparison with vulcanizates without EAD.
Nuclear Targeting Dynamics of Gold Nanoclusters for Enhanced Therapy of HER2<sup>+</sup> Breast Cancer (2011)

Recent advances in fluorescent metal nanoclusters have spurred tremendous interest in nanomedicine due to the ease of fabrication, excellent biocompatibility, and, more importantly, excellent wavelength-dependent tunability. Herein, we report our findings on fluorescent BSA-protected gold nanoclusters (AuNCs), ∼2 nm in size conjugated with Herceptin (AuNCs-Her), for specific targeting and nuclear localization in ErbB2 over-expressing breast cancer cells and tumor tissue as a novel fluorescent agent for simultaneous imaging and cancer therapy. More interestingly, we found that AuNCs-Her could escape the endolysosomal pathway and enter the nucleus of cancer cells to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of Herceptin. We elucidate the diffusion characteristics (diffusion time and number of diffusers) and concentration of the fluorescing clusters in the nucleus of live cells. Our findings also suggest that the nuclear localization effect of AuNCs-Her enhances the anticancer therapeutic efficacy of Herceptin as evidenced by the induction of DNA damage. This study not only discusses a new nanomaterial platform for nuclear delivery of drugs but also provides important insights on nuclear targeting for enhanced therapy.
<title>Optical nonlinearity of the films from hybrid and nanocomposite materials</title> (1998)

The preparation, measurement and recent experimental results of hybrid and nanocomposite nonlinear optical materials have been reported. The approaches for increasing optical nonlinearity of hybrid and nanocomposite materials are discussed. The optical limiting effects are demonstrated.
The Effect of a Grooved Hollow in a Fibre on Fabric Moisture- and Heat-transport Properties (1996)

It is shown that polyester fibres are able to absorb water more easily by making a grooved and/or a non-grooved hollow in a fibre. The effect of water absorbency becomes larger with an increase in the ratio of space to polymer in the fibre cross-section if the yarn and fabric structures are the same. The effect is especially large under high-humidity conditions. The retention of warmth by polyester-fibre fabrics is increased by making a grooved and/or non-grooved hollow in a fibre in dry conditions, but the effect is reversed in wet conditions. The thermal conductivity of polyester-fibre fabrics is reduced by making a grooved and/or a non-grooved hollow in a fibre, and the trend agrees well with the ratio of space to polymer in the fibre cross-section. The parameter q-max for polyester-fibre fabrics increases with relative humidity if the fabrics absorb water. However, the effect of the surface-contact area is more important for the measurement of q-max.
Safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of peptide‐pulsed cellular immunotherapy in macaques (2008)

In summary, we provide further information that peptide-pulsed PBMC are a safe, immunogenic and effective immunotherapy. The observed influence of MHC alleles and immune escape allows us to design more insightful future immunotherapy studies.