gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>In vivo</i> evaluation of a bioactive scaffold for bone tissue engineering (2002)

Revision cases of total hip implants are complicated by the significant amount of bone loss. New materials and/or approaches are needed to provide stability to the site, stimulate bone formation, and ultimately lead to fully functional bone tissue. Porous bioactive glasses (prepared from 45S5 granules, 45% SiO2, 24.5% Na2O, 24.5% CaO, and 6% P2O5) have been developed as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering and have been studied in vitro. In this study, we investigated the incorporation of tissue-engineered constructs utilizing these scaffolds in large, cortical bone defects in the rat simulating revision conditions. With implantation times of 2, 4, and 12 weeks the results were compared to those using the bioactive ceramic scaffold alone. Two tissue-engineered constructs were studied: osteoprogenitor cells that were either seeded onto the scaffold prior to implantation ("primary") or those that were culture expanded to form bonelike tissue on the scaffold prior to implantation ("hybrid"). Defects treated with the hybrid had the greatest amount of bone in the available pore space of the defect over all other groups at 2 weeks (p < 0.05). For both the primary and hybrid groups, woven and lamellar bone was present along the interface of the scaffold and the host cortex and within the porous space of the scaffold at 2 weeks. By 4 weeks, very uniform, lamellar bone was present throughout the scaffold for both tissue-engineered groups. The amount of bone significantly increased over time for all groups while the bioactive ceramic gradually resorbed by 40% at 12 weeks (p < 0.05). Structural properties of the treated long bones improved over time. Long bones treated with the hybrid had an early return in torsional stiffness by 2 weeks. Both tissue-engineered constructs achieved normal torsional strength and stiffness by 4 weeks as compared to the scaffold alone, which achieved this by 12 weeks. Porous, surface modified bioactive ceramic is a promising scaffold material for tissue-engineered bone repair.
On Φ-recurrent N(k)-contact Metric Manifolds (2008)

In this paper we prove that a Φ-recurrent N(k)-contact metric manifold is an η-Einstein manifold with constant coefficients. Next, we prove that a 3-dimensional Φ-recurrent N(k)-contact metric manifold is of constant curvature. The existence of a Φ-recurrent N(k)-contact metric manifold is also proved.
Diagnostic End to End Monitoring & Fault Detection for Braking Systems (2006)

The reliable and effective performance of a braking system is fundamental to the operation of most vehicles. Any failure in the braking system that impacts the ability to retard a vehicles motion have an immediate and frequently catastrophic effect on a vehicles safety. There are very few diagnostic systems that monitor the health of multiple individual components in a braking system and even fewer that can automatically detect early stage failures and component wear with the reliability required for such an important vehicle subsystem. The systems that can accomplish these tasks are restricted in application due to size, weight and there own unique maintenance loads. Current diagnostic techniques call for careful maintenance of braking system components. These techniques tend to be backward thinking in that they are based on previous experience which is not always a good indicator for future systems. In addition the need to perform constant maintenance on the braking system puts restrictions on its design and heavy loads on maintenance personnel. This paper describes a technique developed at the Penn State Applied Research Laboratories Systems Operations and Automation Department for low physical impact fault detection and monitoring of hydraulic vehicular braking systems without compromising reliability. This technique is being applied to severe duty tactical vehicles with brake systems that have maintenance accessibility issues. The brake monitoring system (BMS) directly monitors the linings of the friction surfaces for wear using environment tolerant sensors. Additionally using pressure sensors, level sensors and high band width data gathering the hydraulic system is monitored for transients that are consistent with early stage failures
Bidding for Preferred Timing: An Auction Design for Electric Vehicle Charging Station Scheduling (2019)

This paper considers an electric vehicle charging scheduling setting where vehicle users can reserve charging time in advance at a charging station. In this setting, users are allowed to explicitly express their preferences over different start times and the length of charging periods for charging their vehicles. The goal is to compute optimal charging schedules that maximize the social welfare of all users given their time preferences and the state of charge of their vehicles. Assuming that users are self-interested agents who may behave strategically to advance their own benefits rather than the social welfare of all agents, we propose an iterative auction, which computes high-quality schedules and, at the same time, preserves users' privacy by progressively eliciting their preferences as necessary. We conduct a game theoretical analysis on the proposed iterative auction to prove its individual rationality and the best response for agents. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate that the iterative auction can achieve high-efficiency solutions with a partial value information. Additionally, we explore the relationship between scheduling efficiency and information revelation in the auction.
Multifunctional perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions for cancer therapy and imaging (2015)

There is currently interest in the development of nanoemulsions as imaging and therapeutic agents, particularly perfluorohexane (PFH) droplets, whose amphiphilic shell protects drugs against physico-chemical and enzymatic degradation. When delivered to their target sites, these perfluorocarbon (PFC) droplets can vaporize upon laser excitation, efficiently releasing their drug payload and/or imaging tracers. Due to the optical properties of gold, coupling PFC droplets with gold nanoparticles significantly reduces the energy required for vaporization. In this work, nanoemulsions with a PFC core and Zonyl FSP surfactant shell were produced using sonication. Droplets were characterized in terms of size and morphology using high resolution fluorescence microscopy (i.e. total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, TIRFM), fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and light scattering techniques (i.e. dynamic light scattering, DLS). The ability of PFC droplets to vaporize was demonstrated using optical light microscopy.
SculptAR: An augmented reality interaction system (2017)

In this work, a 3D mobile interface to create sculptures in an augmented reality environment tracked by AR markers is presented. A raycasting technique was used to interact with the objects in the scene, as well as 2D and 3D interfaces to manipulate and modify the objects. The users can move, delete, paint and duplicate virtual objects using 6 DOFs techniques.
Potassium Channel Modulators: Clinical Experiences and Future Prospects (1996)

Inthischapterwehavereviewed,inseparatesectionsforpotassiumchannel activators(KCAs)(sections16.1to16.4)andblockers(KCBs)(sections16.5to 16.16),clinicalexperiencesandfutureprospectsfortheiruseintherapeutics.This approachseemslogicaltousinviewofthedisparateapplicationsforthesetwodrug classes.
TimeBench (1994)

This paper provides an overview of TimeBench , a prototype CAD tool for designing real-time systems, as well as some experiences gained through building and using it. TimeBench aims to support a true engineering design process for real-time systems in a largely graphical working environment. The environment includes support for design synthesis, analysis, and system generation, with equal emphasis on the design of operational structure and the design of temporal behavior. Its main features include: (1) a hybrid graphical---textual design description notation ( MachineCharts, Abstract Controller Machines , and MachineChart Language ), (2) design experimentation through an embedded interpreter and behavior visualization tools to animate designs, (3) further design evaluation through a performance modelling tool based on fast approximate analystic methods, and (4) a code generation system than can be tailored to produce code for a desired environment.
Pitfalls in gamma camera field uniformity correction (1975)

We read with interest the recent letter from Hannan and Bessent (1974) regarding errors which can be introduced when correcting for non-uniformity in gamma camera sensitivity. In the light of our own experience with a Searle-Radiographic PHO-Gamma HP camera we agree that when a large disc source is used for uniformity corrections the count-rate should be similar to that obtained in clinical investigations. However, in our case the effect of high count rate (in excess of about 5 × 104 counts per second within a 30 per cent window) is to affect the uniformity rather than to cause a spatial shift as reported by Hannan and Bessent.
Regioselectivity in organo-transition-metal chemistry. A new indicator substrate for classification of nucleophiles (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRegioselectivity in organo-transition-metal chemistry. A new indicator substrate for classification of nucleophilesEhud Keinan and Zeev RothCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 10, 1769–1772Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00158a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00158a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views550Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Three Dimensional Shape Measurement of Teeth (Part 11) (1992)

Use of a CAD program to design the shape of a crown, restoration of 6 molar was studied. Stone models of 5 to 7 molars with 6 prepared die for crown and a complete 6 crown which was applied for restoration were measured. The 6 crown data were adapted on the 6 die, and adjusted with 5 and 7 proximal teeth. The coordinates of the data of 6 were then transferred to that of the 6 die. The ends of the adapted crown data were linked with the margin of 6 die. Further the occlusal condition with antagonistic tooth was adjusted by applying the FGP (functionally generated path) technique. FGP was recorded on bite wax and measured. Comparing FGP record and adapted crown, modulation of the occlusal surface was accomplished.
3,5-Dianilino Substituted Difluoroboron Dipyrromethene: Synthesis, Spectroscopy, Photophysics, Crystal Structure, Electrochemistry, and Quantum-Chemical Calculations (2009)

4,4-Difluoro-3,5-bis(phenylamino)-8-(4-tolyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (1), a symmetric fluorescent difluoroboron dipyrromethene dye, has been synthesized by nucleophilic substitution of 3,5-dichloro-4,4-difluoro-8-(4-tolyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene with aniline. The solvent-dependent spectroscopic and photophysical properties have been investigated by means of UV−vis spectrophotometry and steady-state and time-resolved fluorometry and are compared to those of the nonsymmetrically substituted 5-chloro-4,4-difluoro-3-phenylamino-8-(4-tolyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (2). A new, generalized treatment of the solvent effect, proposed by Catalán (J. Phys. Chem. B 2009, 113, 5951−5960) and based on a set of four mutually independent, empirical scales (dipolarity, polarizability, acidity, and basicity of the medium) is the most appropriate for describing the solvatochromic shifts of the UV−vis absorption and fluorescence emission of 1 and 2. In contrast to the nonsymmetric compound 2, the symmetric dye 1 has higher fluorescence quantum yields (0.45−0.86) and longer fluorescence lifetimes (3.36−4.03 ns) in all solvents studied and its emission maxima are shifted bathochromically by ∼45 nm. Large differences are also evident in the redox electrochemistry of the two dyes, with the symmetric analogue 1 possessing a much lower oxidation potential (∼600 mV) than the nonsymmetric 2. The absorption bandwidths and Stokes shifts of symmetric 1 are much smaller than those for nonsymmetric 2. For both dyes, the value of the fluorescence rate constant, [kf = (1.7 ± 0.3) × 108 s−1], does not depend much on the solvent tested. X-ray diffraction analysis of 1 shows that the BODIPY core possesses a planar structure. Quantum-chemical calculations support the different photophysical behavior of the symmetric derivative 1 vis-à-vis the nonsymmetric 2.
Vectoring Thrust in Multiaxes Using Confined Shear Layers (1999)

A fluidic scheme is described which exploits a confined countercurrent shear layer to achieve multiaxis thrust vector response of supersonic jets in the absence of moving parts. Proportional and continuous control of jet deflection is demonstrated at Mach numbers up to 2, for pitch vectoring in rectangular nozzles and multiaxis vectoring in axisymmetric nozzles. Secondary mass flow rates less than approximately 2% of the primary flow are used to achieve thrust vector angles exceeding 15 degrees. Jet slew rates up to 180 degrees per second are shown, and the fluidic scheme is examined in both static and wind-on configurations. Thrust performance is studied for external coflow velocities between Mach 0.3 and 0.7. [S0098-2202(00)02601-8]
Preparation and Characterization of Carbon Nanotube Modified TiO_2 Photocatalyst (2008)

The photocatalyst of carbon nanotube(CNT) modified nano-TiO2 was prepared by the sol-gel method.The photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange was investigated with the CNT modified TiO2 and pure TiO2 composites.The results showed that the CNT modified TiO2 possessed higher photocatalytic activity and the optimum content of CNT was 0.3%.The photocatalyst was further characterized by XRD,UV-vis and IR techniques.The average diameter of the composite particles was 20~30 nm and IR analysis of modified TiO2 showed the absorption peak of carbonyl group.Also,UV-vis peak from modified TiO2 shifted obviously to long-wavelength.
Phosphoinositide 3‐kinase signalling in lung disease: leucocytes and beyond (2007)

The family of lipid kinases termed phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) is known to contribute at multiple levels to innate and adaptive immune responses, and is hence an attractive target for drug discovery in inflammatory and autoimmune disease, including respiratory diseases. The development of isoform-selective pharmacological inhibitors, targeted gene manipulation and short interfering RNA (siRNA) target validation have facilitated a better understanding of the role that each member of this family of kinases plays in the physiology and pathology of the respiratory system. In this review, we will evaluate the evidence for the roles of specific PI3K isoforms in the lung and airways, and discuss their potential as targets for novel drug therapies.
A light-transmitting two-dimensional photodetector array using a-Si pin photodiodes and poly-Si TFT's integrated on a transparent substrate (1994)

A light-transmitting two-dimensional photodetector array (32/spl times/32 cells) using amorphous silicon (a-Si) pin photodiodes and polysilicon (poly-Si) thin film transistors (TFT's) integrated on a transparent substrate has been developed for use in a free-space optical switching network. The fabrication and the characteristics of the photodetector array are discussed. With driving circuits and sensing amplifiers, this photodetector array shows a minimum detectable power of /spl minus/25 dBm and an insertion loss of 0.4 dB for an incident optical beam with a diameter of 550 /spl mu/m. By monitoring the positions and the states of input optical beams, this photodetector array can be used to control the optical paths in photonic switching systems, such as a 1024-input-port optical concentrator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Complete cDNA Sequence of Laminin α4 and Its Relationship to the Other Human Laminin α Chains (1996)

We previously localised the gene (LAMA4) encoding a novel laminin alpha 4 chain to chromosome 6q21. In this study, we describe the complete coding sequence and compare the protein with the other three known human laminin alpha chains. Although closely linked to LAMA2, the LAMA4 product most closely resembles laminin alpha 3, a constituent of laminin 5. Like laminin alpha 3A, the alpha 4 chain is a truncated version of the alpha 1 and alpha 2 chains, with a much reduced short arm. While the alpha 4 molecule is most similar to alpha 3, it shares some features of the C-terminal domains G4 and G5 in common with alpha 2. Unlike the LAMA3 gene, LAMA4 appears to encode only a single transcript, as determined by 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The cDNA sequence encodes 1816 amino acids, which include a 24-residue signal peptide. The gene is expressed in skin, placenta, heart, lung, skeletal muscle, and pancreas. We have also shown that the mRNA can be readily reverse transcribed and amplified from cultured dermal fibroblasts.
Road condition monitoring using on-board Three-axis Accelerometer and GPS Sensor (2011)

A study by US Federal Highway Administration has shown that road condition is an essential factor of highway quality and smooth roads will lead to more comfortable driving experience and less municipal investment. International Roughness Index (IRI) has been widely used to measure pavement smoothness because it can provide a consistent rating for different measurement tools. However, existing measuring tools based on IRI are usually very expensive. In this paper, we present a low-cost vehicle-based solution, Road Condition Monitoring with Three-axis Accelerometers and GPS Sensors (RCM-TAGPS), by using a cheap three-axis accelerometer and a GPS sensor embedded in a vehicle to monitor the road condition. We analyze the Power Spectral Density (PSD) of pavement roughness, estimate IRI, and classify the pavement roughness level into four levels according to a Chinese industry standard. Experimental results show that RCM-TAGPS can evaluate pavement roughness level correctly, even under some interference like potholes, manholes and decelerating belts, and the total cost of RCM-TAGPS in each vehicle is no more than 50 dollars, which is about 1/4400 to 1/160 of the existing system used in civil engineering and municipal engineering.
4,4-Diphenylpiperidine derivates and their sila analogues. A comparative study of their interaction with neural receptor biding sites and synaptosomal monoamine uptake. (1988)

The potential anti-Parkinson drugs 1-R-4,4-diphenylpiperidines and 1-R-4,4-diphenyl-4-sila-piperidines (R = H, CH3, i-propyl and t-butyl) were evaluated for their neuroreceptor affinity with respect to their structure-activity relationship. In these compounds substitution of the central carbon at position 4 by a silicon leads to more lipophilic substances. While the binding of these compounds to dopamine, serotonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid/benzodiazepine receptors is relatively non-specific, the binding to the mu- and delta-subtypes of opiate receptors and to the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetra-hydropyridine receptor binding site show probably pharmacologically relevant effects. In almost all cases the sila-compounds have a slightly higher receptor affinity than the corresponding carbon-compounds. The studies on the uptake sites for the biogenic amines noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin, on the other hand, reveal some considerable differences between the carbon- and silicon-containing analogues. The 4,4-diphenyl-4-sila-piperidine has much stronger uptake inhibiting properties for noradrenaline and serotonin than the corresponding carbon compound.
Eosinophil Inflammation in Asthma (1994)

"Eosinophil Inflammation in Asthma." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 150(5_pt_2), pp. S33–S38
A Simple Route to Univalent Gallium Salts of Weakly Coordinating Anions (2010)

Pyramidal [Ga(PPh3)3]+ (see picture) is the first structurally characterized homoleptic gallium–phosphine complex. The synthesis of this ion was aided by the development of a facile route to gallium(I) salts with weakly coordinating anions (WCAs). These salts are an outstanding source of gallium in the oxidation state +1 for the generation of previously unknown low-valent gallium compounds. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Accelerator‐based epithermal neutron beam design for neutron capture therapy (1992)

Recent interest in the production of epithermal neutrons for use in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has promoted an investigation into the feasibility of generating such neutrons with a high current proton accelerator. Energetic protons (2.5 MeV) on a 7Li target produce a spectrum of neutrons with maximum energy of roughly 800 keV. A number of combinations of D2O moderator, lead reflector, 6Li thermal neutron filtration, and D2O/6Li shielding will result in a useful epithermal flux of 1.6 x 10(8) n/s at the patient position. The neutron beam is capable of delivering 3000 RBE-cGy to a tumor at a depth of 7.5 cm in a total treatment time of 60-93 min (depending on RBE values used and based on a 24-cm diameter x 19-cm length D2O moderator). Treatment of deeper tumors with therapeutic advantage would also be possible. Maximum advantage depths (RBE weighted) of 8.2-9.2 (again depending on RBE values and precise moderator configuration) are obtained in a right-circular cylindrical phantom composed of brain-equivalent material with an advantage ratio of 4.7-6.3. A tandem cascade accelerator (TCA), designed and constructed at Science Research Laboratory (SRL) in Somerville MA, can provide the required proton beam parameters for BNCT of deep-seated tumors. An optimized configuration of materials required to shift the accelerator neutron spectrum down to therapeutically useful energies has been designed using Monte Carlo simulation in the Whitaker College Biomedical Imaging and Computation Laboratory at MIT. Actual construction of the moderator/reflector assembly is currently underway.