gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GPS AOA Choosing Algorithm in Environment of High-Power Interference Signals (2012)

GPS(Global Positioning System)는 사용자 및 물체의 위치를 추정하기 위해 군사용과 상용으로 광범위하게 사용되고 있다. GPS는 다양한 고의적 또는 비고의적 간섭들로부터 영향을 받게 되는데, 이러한 간섭들을 제거하고 효율적인 데이터 수신을 위해 GPS의 정확한 도래각(AOA; angle-of-arrival) 추정이 필요하다. GPS의 신호전력은 잡음이나 간섭에 비해 매우 낮으므로, 역확산(despreading) 이전에 GPS 신호의 AOA를 추정하기는 매우 어려워 일반적으로 역확산 이후에 GPS의 AOA를 추정한다. 하지만, 고 출력의 간섭 존재 시 역확산 이후의 AOA 추정결과는 간섭신호의 AOA 들도 포함하고 있어, 어떤 추정 값이 GPS의 AOA 인지를 결정하여야 한다. 본 논문에서는 추정된 AOA 값들로부터 효과적으로 GPS 신호의 AOA를 선택하기 위한 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안된 알고리즘은 역확산 이전과 이후의 AOA 들을 비교하여 정확한 GPS 신호의 AOA를 선택한다. 또한, 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 GPS AOA 선택 알고리즘의 성능을 확인한다. The Global Positioning System (GPS) is widely utilized for commercial and military applications to estimate the location of the user or object. The GPS suffers from various intentional or unintentional interferers and it requires estimating the accurate angle-of-arrival (AOA) of the GPS signal to suppress interference signals and to efficiently detect GPS data. Since the power of GPS signal is very low comparing with the noise and interference signals, it is extremely difficult to estimate GPS AOA before despreading. Although AOA of GPS signal is usually estimated after despreading, it requires choosing the GPS AOA among results of AOA estimation because they include AOAs of interference and GPS signals when existing high-power interferers. In this paper, we propose the efficient choosing algorithm of the GPS signal among the estimated AOAs. The proposed algorithm compares the estimated results before despreading and after despreading for choosing AOA of GPS signal. Computer simulation examples are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Evolution of Base Stations in Cellular Networks: Denser Deployment versus Coordination (2008)

It has been demonstrated that base station cooperation can reduce co-channel interference (CCI) and increase cellular system capacity. In this work we consider another approach by dividing the system into microcells through denser base station deployment. We adopt the criterion to maximize the minimum spectral efficiency of served users with a certain user outage constraint. In a two-dimensional hexagon array with homogeneous microcell structure, under the proposed propagation model denser base station deployment outperforms suboptimal cooperation schemes (zero-forcing) when the density increases beyond 3 - 12 base stations per km <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , the exact value depending on the rules of outage user selection. However, close- to-optimal cooperation schemes (zero-forcing with dirty-paper- coding) are always superior to denser deployment. Performance of a hierarchial cellular structure mixed with both macrocells and microcells is also evaluated.
FiWi Access Networks Based on Next-Generation PON and Gigabit-Class WLAN Technologies: A Capacity and Delay Analysis (2013)

Current Gigabit-class passive optical networks (PONs) evolve into next-generation PONs, whereby high-speed 10+ Gb/s time division multiplexing (TDM) and long-reach wavelength-broadcasting/routing wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) PONs are promising near-term candidates. On the other hand, next-generation wireless local area networks (WLANs) based on frame aggregation techniques will leverage physical-layer enhancements, giving rise to Gigabit-class very high throughput (VHT) WLANs. In this paper, we develop an analytical framework for evaluating the capacity and delay performance of a wide range of routing algorithms in converged fiber-wireless (FiWi) broadband access networks based on different next-generation PONs and a Gigabit-class multiradio multichannel WLAN-mesh front end. Our framework is very flexible and incorporates arbitrary frame size distributions, traffic matrices, optical/wireless propagation delays, data rates, and fiber faults. We verify the accuracy of our probabilistic analysis by means of simulation for the wireless and wireless-optical-wireless operation modes of various FiWi network architectures under peer-to-peer, upstream, uniform, and nonuniform traffic scenarios. The results indicate that our proposed optimized FiWi routing algorithm (OFRA) outperforms minimum (wireless) hop and delay routing in terms of throughput for balanced and unbalanced traffic loads, at the expense of a slightly increased mean delay at small to medium traffic loads.
In-well pumping of InGaN/GaN vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers (2011)

In-well-pumped blue InGaN/GaN vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers are demonstrated. The laser structures were grown on bulk GaN substrates by using metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy near atmospheric pressure. The active zone consisted of up to 20 InGaN quantum wells distributed in a resonant periodic gain configuration. High-reflectivity dielectric distributed Bragg-reflectors were used as mirrors. Laser emission with a single longitudinal mode at 440 nm was achieved by exclusively pumping the quantum wells with the 384 nm emission line of a dye-/N2-laser.
DroidForensics (2017)

The goal of cyber attack investigation is to fully reconstruct the details of an attack, so we can trace back to its origin, and recover the system from the damage caused by the attack. However, it is often difficult and requires tremendous manual efforts because attack events occurred days or even weeks before the investigation and detailed information we need is not available anymore. Consequently, forensic logging is significantly important for cyber attack investigation. In this paper, we present DroidForensics, a multi-layer forensic logging technique for Android. Our goal is to provide the user with detailed information about attack behaviors that can enable accurate post-mortem investigation of Android attacks. DroidForensics consists of three logging modules. API logger captures Android API calls that contain high-level semantics of an application. Binder logger records interactions between applications to identify causal relations between processes, and system call logger efficiently monitors low-level system events. We also provide the user interface that the user can compose SQL-like queries to inspect an attack. Our experiments show that Droid Forensics has low runtime overhead (2.9% on average) and low space overhead (105 ~ 169 MByte during 24 hours) on real Android devices. It is effective in the reconstruction of realworld Android attacks we have studied.
Oral anti diabetic polychemotherapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. (2002)

The therapeutic guidelines of the seventies for type 2 diabetic patients was a monotherapy which choice was based on the BMI of the patient and a bitherapy in case of a blood glucose increase. The pathophysiologic knowledge on type 2 diabetes has moved and the disease is nowadays more complex with a loss of the beta cell mass and an insulin resistance state of the liver, muscle and adipocyte tissue associated with a defect in gastro-intestinal hormones in the postprandial state. The pathophysiologic knowledge and the existence of new therapeutic agents led us to discuss oral antidiabetic polychemotherapy at the first drug prescription. This intuitive proposition has no evidence-based arguments with prospective long-term studies that would demonstrate the benefit of such a proposition. Moreover, if nowadays we can imagine a tritherapy proposition, progress in chemistry research will conduct to a quadri- and penta-therapy with expected difficulties in therapeutic compliance of the patient.
Isotropic transmission-line antenna and its toroid-pattern modification (1977)

The far-field strength of the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\lambda/4</tex> transmission-line antenna is derived as a complex vector containing amplitude, phase, and direction of the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">E</tex> vector. The product of this phasor-vector and its conjugate is constant and proves that the transmission-line antenna is an isotropic radiator with respect to the powerflow density of coherent electromagnetic waves. Folding of the line conductor parallel to the symmetry plane reduces the pattern to toroid shape analogous to radiation of a short dipole. While the unbalanced straight transmission-line antenna is used on rockets and vehicles, the unbalanced folded type is suitable as efficient transmit antenna at VLF, LF, or MF.
Transmission and time delay properties of an integrated system consisting of atomic vapor cladding on top of a micro ring resonator (2012)

In this paper we analyze the transmission and time delay properties of light propagating through a microring resonator (MRR) consisting of a solid core waveguide surrounded by an atomic vapor cladding. Using the atomic effective susceptibility of Rubidium we derive the complex transmission spectrum of the integrated system. We show, that when the system is under-coupled, the transmission can exceed the standalone MRR's background transmission and is accompanied by enhanced positive time delay. It is shown that in this case the contrast of the atomic lines is greatly enhanced. This allows achieving high optical densities at short propagation length. Furthermore, owing to its features such as small footprint, high tunability, and high delay-transmission product, this system may become an attractive choice for chip scale manipulations of light.
1-Amino-2-(4-imidazolyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic Acid<sup>1a</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1-Amino-2-(4-imidazolyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic Acid1aRobert A. Pages and Alfred BurgerCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1966, 9, 5, 766–768Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00323a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00323a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views81Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
감성공학을 적용한 자동차 운전석 디자인 프로세스 모델에 대한 사용성 평가 (2001)

This paper describes a neural network based website Kansei usability evaluationprototype system. This system simultaneously operates with the Microsoft^TM Internet Explorer, and the results are learned using a neural network. In this paper, firstly, we derived the Kansei adjectives and the effective website usability factors, and they were matched by Correspondence Analysis. Then, highly corresponded adjectives were implemented on the system for the Kansei evaluation. Also, the evaluation efficiency of the suggested system was investigated using SSE (Sum of Squared Error) and estimated user`s satisfaction. Finally, the results showed the efficiency of developed algorithm and system for the website evaluation.
Dendrimer Advances for the Central Nervous System Delivery of Therapeutics (2013)

The effectiveness of noninvasive treatment for central nervous system (CNS) diseases is generally limited by the poor access of therapeutic agents into the CNS. Most CNS drugs cannot permeate into the brain parenchyma because of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and overcoming this has become one of the most significant challenges in the development of CNS therapeutics. Rapid advances in nanotechnology have provided promising solutions to this challenge. This review discusses the latest applications of dendrimers in the treatment of CNS diseases with an emphasis on brain tumors. Dendrimer-mediated drug delivery, imaging, and diagnosis are also reviewed. The toxicity, biodistribution, and transport mechanisms in dendrimer-mediated delivery of CNS therapeutic agents bypassing or crossing the BBB are also discussed. Future directions and major challenges of dendrimer-mediated delivery of CNS therapeutic agents are included.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Desmosine in Bleomycin-Induced Lung Injury in Marmosets and Patients with Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (1989)

Measurement of urinary desmosine in experimental models of emphysema has been used to demonstrate elastin catabolism. In order to evaluate the hypothesis that accelerated elastin degradation also occurs in association with acute lung injury characterized by fibrotic repair, we prepared acid hydrolysates of lung lavage (LL) and used a radioimmunoassay for desmosine to measure concentrations of this elastic-specific cross-link in LL. Lavage desmosine (pmol/100 microliter LL) was measured following bleomycin-induced lung injury in marmosets and was shown to be elevated at 1 week (median 6.0, range 5.1-7.8), 2 weeks (8.4, 6.2-8.7), and 4 weeks (7.6, 4.8-7.8) compared to control levels (1.8, 1.4-3.7). Elevations of lavage desmosine after bleomycin were temporarily associated with remodeling of the lung as indicated by increased total lung collagen, reduced diffusing capacity and lung compliance, and histologic evidence of pulmonary fibrosis. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) desmosine was measured in patients with the Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and compared with patients at risk, patients with other interstitial lung diseases, and normal healthy controls. BAL desmosine (pmol/100 microliters) was not significantly different in patients with ARDS (3.2, 2.1-3.0), patients at risk for ARDS (2.8, 2.5-4.4), and those with interstitial lung disease (3.0, 1.7-5.3) compared to normal controls (2.9, 1.9-4.7). There were poor correlations of BAL desmosine with physiologic indices of severity of disease in patients with ARDS and those at risk. Accelerated elastolysis occurred in the lower respiratory tract during the evaluation of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in marmosets but was undetectable in BAL of patients studied within the first 3 days of ARDS.
Functional coverage measurements and results in post-Silicon validation of Core&#x2122;2 duo family (2007)

Post-Silicon verification is an activity that is still maturing with respect to functional coverage methodologies. The architectural and micro-architectural feedback from silicon can be used to enhance the level of quality of the test suite, and allows monitoring the frequency of interesting micro-architectural events. For the latest Intel Corporation’s multi-core processors (Intel® Core™2 Duo processor, Intel® Core™2 Extreme processor, Dual-Core Intel® Xeon® processor 5100 series, Intel® Core™2 Duo mobile processor,), validation uses Random Instruction Tool (RIT) generated tests, so the need for coverage increases in importance. There are different methods that are used to understand what the RIT is exercising. In this paper, three efficient orthogonal solution and results vectors are presented: (A) Front-Side-Bus (FSB) Checker and coverage approach exploiting the re-use of mature pre-silicon tools, (B) Extended Execution Trace (EET) mechanism which uses special microcode patches for external tracking of microcode flows, and (C) Performance Monitoring Hardware used to collect frequency coverage of specific internal events. With these approaches, effective Front-Side Bus, microcode and architectural coverage was collected, analyzed and used as feedback for better tuning the RIT generation parameters. These three solutions have been put to practice in projects code named Conroe, Woodcrest, Merom, and Penryn to further improve the quality of test generated by the System Validation’s (SV) RIT.
Molecular species of platelet-activating factor generated by human neutrophils challenged with ionophore A23187. (1985)

Two species of platelet-activating factor (PAF), 1-hexadecyl- and 1-octadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (C16 = 0 AGEPC and C18 = 0 AGEPC) were detected in ionophore A23187-stimulated human neutrophils. The amount of AGEPC in 1 x 10(7) neutrophil cells was 80 +/- 26 pmol (mean +/- standard error) with a range of 14 to 223 pmol (n = 8), and it consisted of 80% of the C16 = 0 species and 20% of the C18 = 0 species. Most of the AGEPC derived from ionophore-treated neutrophils remained cell associated rather than being secreted into the medium, even when the medium contained ample albumin protein, which can trap AGEPC. These results were obtained by a technique of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with selected ion monitoring.
Quantity and chemical composition of essential oil of peppermint ( <i>Mentha × piperita</i> L.) leaves under different drying methods (2018)

This work was aimed at quantitative and qualitative analyses of the essential oil of peppermint leaves under different drying methods. Thin layer drying experiments of the leaves were performed in shade, hot air dryer (at temperatures of 50°C, 60°C, and 70°C), and microwave oven (at power levels of 200, 400, and 800 W). Essential oils of the fresh and dried samples were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The highest (22.24 g/kg dry matter) and the lowest (1.33 g/kg dry matter) oil yields were obtained from the hot air-dried leaves at temperature of 50°C and microwave-dried leaves at power of 800 W, respectively. In general, increasing drying temperature decreased the essential oil content. The GC/MS analysis of essential oils showed that the chemical compounds belonged mostly to oxygenated monoterpenes class (72.34–86.41%). The chemical compounds group was significantly (p < 0.01) decreased by microwave drying at power levels of 200 and 400 W. The assessed drying methods caused significant (p < 0.05 and/or p < 0.01) variations in the main constituents of the peppermint leaves essential oil including menthol, menthone, menthofuran, 1,8-cineole, and menthyl acetate. The minimum (35.01%) and maximum (47.50%) concentrations of menthol, as the major compound of the oil, were found in hot air-dried leaves at temperature of 50°C and microwave-dried leaves at power of 400 W, respectively. The percentage of menthone, as the second constituent in the essential oil, was significantly lost (p < 0.01) under microwave drying.
Recognizing sketched multistroke primitives (2011)

Sketch recognition attempts to interpret the hand-sketched markings made by users on an electronic medium. Through recognition, sketches and diagrams can be interpreted and sent to simulators or other meaningful analyzers. Primitives are the basic building block shapes used by high-level visual grammars to describe the symbols of a given sketch domain. However, one limitation of these primitive recognizers is that they often only support basic shapes drawn with a single stroke. Furthermore, recognizers that do support multistroke primitives place additional constraints on users, such as temporal timeouts or modal button presses to signal shape completion. The goal of this research is twofold. First, we wanted to determine the drawing habits of most users. Our studies found multistroke primitives to be more prevalent than multiple primitives drawn in a single stroke. Additionally, our studies confirmed that threading is less frequent when there are more sides to a figure. Next, we developed an algorithm that is capable of recognizing multistroke primitives without requiring special drawing constraints. The algorithm uses a graph-building and search technique that takes advantage of Tarjan's linear search algorithm, along with principles to determine the goodness of a fit. Our novel, constraint-free recognizer achieves accuracy rates of 96% on freely-drawn primitives.
Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaque Morphology in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice Unable to Make Ascorbic Acid (2002)

Chronic vitamin C deficiency does not influence the initiation or progression of atherosclerotic plaques but severely compromises collagen deposition and induces a type of plaque morphology that is potentially vulnerable to rupture.
High-contrast, high-resolution focusing of neutral atoms using light forces (1996)

We show that light force lenses can be used to focus a thermal beam of neutral atoms with extremely high resolution (\ensuremath{\sim}20 nm) and high contrast (\ensuremath{\sim}10:1), finally making such atom-optical lenses viable for proposed applications. Our (cylindrical) lenses for sodium atoms are created by the dipole force within each period of a standing wave. We determine the spatial distribution of the focused atoms (with nanometer resolution) by allowing the atoms to deposit on a substrate and scanning with a UHV scanning tunneling microscope. We find that the requirements for optimum focusing are very large, positive detuning; short focal lengths; and a well-collimated atomic beam. These dependences can be thoroughly understood from a simple theoretical model. \textcopyright{}1996 The American Physical Society.
The N-terminal 31 amino acids of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope protein gp120 contain a potential gp41 contact site (1991)

We have compared the expression of full-length gp160 envelope protein from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with that of a deletion mutant lacking the N-terminal 31 amino acids of the mature protein (gp160 delta 32). The gp160 and gp160 delta 32 proteins are processed to yield gp41 and gp120 or gp120 delta 32, respectively. In contrast to full-length gp120, gp120 delta 32 failed to associate with gp41 at the cell surface, despite conformational integrity as judged by soluble CD4 binding. Thus, the N-terminal 31 amino acids of gp120, which contain hyperconserved sequences, are likely involved in forming a contact site for gp41.
Back Cover Advanced Materials 12/ 2011 (2011)

The cover shows biocide activity against M. luteus of glass-ceramic compact (middle) and coated with silver nanoparticles (right). Further details can be found in the article by Cabal et. al. on page B462.
A new intravaginal device for stress incontinence in women (2001)

The new intravaginal device (CCT) is more effective for treating stress incontinence than the currently available version (CCG), and patient acceptability of the new device seems to be superior.