gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of 70 calcium-sensing receptor mutations in hyper- and hypo-calcaemic patients: evidence for clustering of extracellular domain mutations at calcium-binding sites (2012)

The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor that has an extracellular bilobed venus flytrap domain (VFTD) predicted to contain five calcium (Ca(2+))-binding sites. To elucidate the structure-function relationships of the VFTD, we investigated 294 unrelated probands with familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia (FHH), neonatal severe primary hyperparathyroidism (NSHPT) or autosomal dominant hypocalcaemic hypercalciuria (ADHH) for CaSR mutations and performed in vitro functional expression studies and three-dimensional modelling of mutations involving the VFTD. A total of 70 different CaSR mutations were identified: 35 in FHH, 10 in NSHPT and 25 in ADHH patients. Furthermore, a CaSR variant (Glu250Lys) was identified in FHH and ADHH probands and demonstrated to represent a functionally neutral polymorphism. NSHPT was associated with a large proportion of truncating CaSR mutations that occurred in the homozygous or compound heterozygous state. Thirty-four VFTD missense mutations were identified, and 18 mutations were located within 10 Å of one or more of the predicted Ca(2+)-binding sites, particularly at the VFTD cleft, which is the principal site of Ca(2+) binding. Mutations of residues 173 and 221, which are located at the entrance to the VFTD cleft binding site, were associated with both receptor activation (Leu173Phe and Pro221Leu) and inactivation (Leu173Pro and Pro221Gln), thereby highlighting the importance of these residues for entry and binding of Ca(2+) by the CaSR. Thus, these studies of disease-associated CaSR mutations have further elucidated the role of the VFTD cleft region in Ca(2+) binding and the function of the CaSR.
Analysis of Quencher Diffusion in Chemically Amplified Resists and Its Effect on Imaging Characteristics. (2000)

Diffusion of quencher contained in most chemically amplified resists today can cause proximity effects such as dependence of pattern feature size on pattern density or iso-dense bias. Diffusion coefficients were measured for several quencher compounds, and significantly large diffusion coefficients (e.g. 0.003μm2/sec at 100°C) were observed compared with those observed for acid. To evaluate the influence of quencher diffusion on macroscopic imaging behavior of resists, a new resist model for mutual diffusion of acid and quencher was introduced and was implemented to our in-house lithography simulator. Simulation results based on the model explained various proximity effects observed on real wafers, assuming quencher diffusion length as large as 0.2μm. This is significantly long compared with acid diffusion lengths reported and agrees with the results of direct measurement. Our results suggest that very small amount of quencher can have a strong influence on imaging characteristics of chemically amplified resists.
Experimental and Modeling Studies of Asphaltene Equilibria for a Reservoir Under CO2 Injection (1990)

ABSTRACT An experimental and numerical modeling program was undertaken to evaluate stability of asphaltenes in a 29°API gravity reservoir undergoing tertiary CO2 injection. The study aimed to develop a better understanding of asphaltic solids formation and possible ways of controlling it. Asphaltene phase behaviour and the extent of asphaltene precipitation in live oil were investigated for a range of pressures and temperatures, in presence of CO2 and normal alkanes as precipitants. The nature of the solids formed was also studied using a variety of techniques. A molecular thermodynamic model with asphaltene-asphaltene and asphaltene-resin association was used to correlate the asphaltene precipitation data. The model not only matched the trends in asphaltene behaviour, but did so to a degree quantitatively. The thermodynamic model calculations provided valuable insight into the behaviour of this complex system Destabilization of asphaltenes by CO2, the degree of which varied with system pressure and temperature, can be shown to be related to specific changes in the properties of the liquid (oil) phase, brought about by changes in system composition, pressure, and temperature. In agreement with observations in a recently completed CO2 flood pilot project, the model indicated asphaltene destabilization along the entire wellbore under the conditions prevailing in the pilot producing wells. The tuned asphaltene model allowed examination of asphaltene stability under a variety of wellbore conditions and gave indication of operating scenarios that should be avoided in a field project to minimize the solids formation. The predictive capabilities of the model are critically evaluated in view of scarcity of reliable data on asphaltene properties and in-situ structure.
Synthesis and characterization of some new polymeric peroxycarbamates (1972)

Abstract The synthesis and characterization of several polymeric peroxycarbamates prepared by successive reaction of poly(ethylene oxides), first, with diisocyanates, and then with hydroperoxides, are described in detail for bis(2,5‐dimethyl‐2‐hydroperoxyhexane peroxycarbamate) polyethers, the chain‐extended analogs of these peroxycarbamyl polyethers and for bis(α‐cumyl peroxycarbamate) polyether. The polymerization of styrene with this last initiator was studied at 60, 80, and 100°C. Both low‐ and high‐conversion polymerizations were studied. The relationship between the rates of initiation and the inverse degree of polymerization was determined.
Changes in the Magnetization of a Double Quantum Dot (1998)

From accurate measurements of the energy states in a double quantum dot, we deduce the change in magnetization due to single electron tunneling. We observe crossings and anticrossings in the energy spectrum as a function of magnetic field. The change in magnetization exhibits wiggles as a function of magnetic field with maximum values of a few effective Bohr magnetons in GaAs. These wiggles are a measure of the chaotic motion of the discrete energy states versus magnetic field. Our results show good agreement with a numeric calculation but deviate significantly from semiclassical estimates.
On the Role of Dynamic Models in Quantitative Posturography (1980)

Conventional approaches to posturography typically make use of force-plate instrumentation to measure the movement of the center of pressure of ground reaction forces during quiet standing. This paper shows that such information can be obtained indirectly by using a four-mass inverted pendulum dynamic model for the body as the basis for processing motion data transmitted directly from television cameras to an on-line computer. Preliminary experimental results suggest that this approach may eventually yield improved clinical procedures.
Reduced incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis associated with enteral administration of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium infantis to neonates in an intensive care unit (1999)

The positive results in this study support the need for further investigation of bacterial colonization and its role in NEC.
As-rigid-as-possible image registration for hand-drawn cartoon animations (2009)

We present a new approach to deformable image registration suitable for articulated images such as hand-drawn cartoon characters and human postures. For such type of data state-of-the-art techniques typically yield undesirable results. We propose a novel geometrically motivated iterative scheme where point movements are decoupled from shape consistency. By combining locally optimal block matching with as-rigid-as-possible shape regularization, our algorithm allows us to register images undergoing large free-form deformations and appearance variations. We demonstrate its practical usability in various challenging tasks performed in the cartoon animation production pipeline including unsupervised inbetweening, example-based shape deformation, auto-painting, editing, and motion retargeting.
Spectral domain analysis of conducting patches of arbitrary geometry in multilayer media using the CG-FFT method (1990)

A conjugate gradient-fast Fourier transform (CG-FFT) scheme for analyzing finite, flat, metallic patches in multilayer structures is presented. Rooftop and razor-blade functions are considered as basis and testing functions, respectively. An equivalent periodic problem in both domains (real and spectral) is obtained and solved. Aliasing problems are avoided by performing a window on the Green's function. The spectral domain periodicity makes it feasible to take into account almost all the harmonics and to reduce the ripple in the computed current distributions. Nearly all the operations are performed in the spectral domain, including Green's function computations. Several results of convergence rates, current distributions and radar cross-section (RCS) values are given and compare favorably with measurements or results obtained by other methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Invasive treatment of deep venous disease. A UIP consensus. (2010)

Deep venous disease includes primary and/or secondary pathological changes in the deep venous system. These may consist of valve insufficiency, complete or incomplete vein obliteration and/or functional impairment.
Cost-Effective Bridge Safety Inspections Using Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) (2016)

Throughout the world, many highway workers and road users face safety hazards associated with bridges. ASCE estimates that one in nine of the nation’s bridges are rated as structurally deficient, with an average age of 42 years. In an effort to reduce the risks associated with bridges, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) requires states to perform a detailed, visual inspection and inventory of all federal-aided highway system bridges once every two years. At times, mandatory inspections are costly and dangerous, as inspectors need to stand in platform trucks, bucket trucks, or under-bridge inspection vehicles in order to access and view necessary bridge elements. Furthermore, some inspections require extensive climbing, temporary scaffolding and ladders, or rescue boats. Unmanned aircraft system (UAS) technology provides a cost-effective and safe method for remotely performing visual inspections and inventorying of bridges. UASs are capable of flying a pre-programmed flight path, and can carry high resolution digital cameras and/or other sensors. During flights, operators can view live video from the camera on a monitor or through live video goggles. In addition, digital imagery collected during flights can be mosaicked, georeferenced, and converted into 3D point clouds for detailed spatial inventorying. This paper presents the methodology and results of inspections of a bridge in Oregon using a multicopter UAS. Because multicopters can be flown close to objects, are easy to maneuver, and can hover in place, high-resolution remote sensing data can be collected from multiple advantageous viewing angles. Such data is similar to what can be seen visually by an inspector at arm’s length from the bridge. Recommendations for safe and effective flights are given, and the capabilities and limitations of UAS bridge inspections are discussed. It will be shown that today’s UAS technology has great potential for performing remote and safe, visual inspections of structures.
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Oxygen Diffusion and Surface Exchange Reaction in Cerium Oxide (2000)

Polycrystalline with a relative density in excess of 97% was prepared. The specimens contained a lower concentration of impurities than those examined previously. Oxygen diffusion experiments were performed for the temperature range from 800 to 1300°C, in an oxygen partial pressure of . The concentration profile of in the specimens following diffusion annealing was measured by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). In the high‐temperature region (intrinsic region, above 1000°C), the oxygen self‐diffusion coefficient obtained using SIMS was observed to agree reasonably with that obtained by gas phase analysis in a previous study, but the activation energy was found to be slightly smaller. The present result, , is thought to represent the intrinsic behavior of undoped . In contrast, in the low temperature region (extrinsic region, less than 1000°C), the activation energy was smaller than that in the high temperature region. Comparison with data reported in the literature for doped with Y and Gd, suggests that the low‐temperature oxygen diffusion region is controlled by a trivalent impurity. The surface exchange coefficients obtained from gas phase analysis and SIMS agreed very well with each other and were represented by . The data were also in good agreement with the surface exchange coefficient in , suggesting that the oxygen surface exchange reaction is insensitive to cation species. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
A 22-amino-acid peptide restores DNA-binding activity to dimerization-defective mutants of the estrogen receptor. (1990)

We have identified residues within the estrogen receptor that are required for dimerization and high-affinity DNA binding. A 22-amino-acid peptide encompassing these residues was sufficient to restore DNA-binding activity to a mutant receptor lacking most of the hormone-binding domain. Point mutagenesis of the fusion protein confirmed that this sequence continued to mediate dimerization in a manner similar to that within the native receptor, although its position relative to the DNA-binding domain was appreciably altered.
High interaction alginate-hyaluronate associations by hyaluronate deacetylation for the preparation of efficient biomaterials (2000)

The paper presents fundamental investigations of alginate-hyaluronate association with significant polymer interactions for preparation of efficient biomaterials. For this purpose, acetamide functions of hyaluronate were partly cleaved by hydrazine at high temperature, yielding amino groups accessible to carboxylic functions of the alginate chain. Alginate-hyaluronate association was studied both in dissolved state by rheological measurements and CD, and in the form of gel slabs prepared after calcium diffusion. Appreciable interaction between carboxylic groups of alginate and the released amino groups of hyaluronate was put into evidence by enhanced values of the viscosity of mixed solutions, and by assessment of the properties of the gel formed: moderate deacetylation allowed gels of improved hardness and viscosity. Nevertheless, high deacetylation was observed to hinder the gel formation by Ca(2+) complexation of alginate, by the significant competition of COOH-NH(2) association. Interaction between alginate and modified hyaluronate results in regular gel structure, with small cavities.
Model-driven development of Web applications (2000)

This paper describes a methodology for the development of WWW applications and a tool environment specifically tailored for the methodology. The methodology and the development environment are based upon models and techniques already used in the hypermedia, information systems, and software engineering fields, adapted and blended in an original mix. The foundation of the proposal is the conceptual design of WWW applications, using HDM-lite, a notation for the specification of structure, navigation, and presentation semantics. The conceptual schema is then translated into a “traditional” database schema, which describes both the organization of the content and the desired navigation and presentation features. The WWW pages can therefore be dynamically generated from the database content, following the navigation requests of the user. A CASE environment, called Autoweb System, offers a set of software tools, which assist the design and the execution of a WWW application, in all its different aspects, Real-life experiences of the use of the methodology and of the AutoWeb System in both the industrial and academic context are reported.
Path computation element in telecom networks: Recent developments and standardization activities (2010)

This paper provides an overview of the recent developments in research and the IETF standardization body on using a path computation element in complex telecom networking scenarios such as the multi-layer and multi-domain cases. Implications on the control plane when using such element are addressed as well as the required protocol extensions. The emerging impairment-aware routing and wavelength assignment problem is extensively treated for networks using lightpaths.
Cells (MC3T3-E1)-Laden Alginate Scaffolds Fabricated by a Modified Solid-Freeform Fabrication Process Supplemented with an Aerosol Spraying (2012)

In this study, we propose a new cell encapsulation method consisting of a dispensing method and an aerosol-spraying method. The aerosol spray using a cross-linking agent, calcium chloride (CaCl(2)), was used to control the surface gelation of dispensed alginate struts during dispensing. To show the feasibility of the method, we used preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells. By changing the relationship between the various dispensing/aerosol-spraying conditions and cell viability, we could determine the optimal cell-dispensing process: a nozzle size (240 μm) and an aerosol spray flow rate (0.93 ± 0.12 mL min(-1)), 10 mm s(-1) nozzle moving speed, a 10 wt % concentration of CaCl(2) in the aerosol solution, and 2 wt % concentration of CaCl(2) in the second cross-linking process. Based on these optimized process conditions, we successfully fabricated a three-dimensional, pore-structured, cell-laden alginate scaffold of 20 × 20 × 4.6 mm(3) and 84% cell viability. During long cell culture periods (16, 25, 33, and 45 days), the preosteoblasts in the alginate scaffold survived and proliferated well.
A Microscopic Analysis of Cut-Bevel Versus Pencil-Point Spinal Needles (1997)

An in vitro examination of 25-gauge Quincke and 25-gauge and 27-gauge Whitacre spinal needles was performed after insertion in 210 consenting adult patients. In addition, 300 unused Quincke needles and 300 unused pencil-point needles were examined under a dissecting microscope. When the microscopic evaluation was performed on the needles after spinal blockade, burrs or blunting of the needle tip were noted in 24% of the Quincke needles compared with only 3% of the 25-gauge Whitacre needles and 10% of the 27-gauge Whitacre (P < 0.05). Bony contact with 25-gauge Quincke and 27-gauge Whitacre needles resulted in an increased incidence of microscopic tip damage (versus 25-gauge Whitacre). Needle-tip damage with the Whitacre needles was limited to blunting of the tip. The analysis of unused needles revealed significant differences among manufacturers of the cut-bevel needles with respect to stylet-to-needle length and burrs on the end of the stylet. The leading edge of the stylet protruded beyond the opening of the needle tip in 7% of the Quincke needles. However, only minor needle-tip abnormalities were noted with the pencil-point needles (i.e., variability in the side-port opening to needle tip distance, side-port opening integrity). In conclusion, bony contact produced more damage to the cut-bevel than to the pencil-point needle tips. In addition, fewer inherent manufacturing defects were noted with the pencil-point versus cut-bevel needles. Implications: It has been suggested that damaged needle tips may contribute to a higher incidence of headaches after spinal anesthesia. A microscopic examination revealed that the pencil-point (versus cut-bevel) needles had fewer manufacturing flaws and were less susceptible to tip damage when bony contact occurred during the placement of the spinal needle. (Anesth Analg 1997;85:1101-4)
Polyfluoroheterocyclic compounds. Part VII. Heptafluoro-quinoline and -isoquinoline (1966)

Heptachloro-quinoline and -isoquinoline have been prepared by initial direct chlorination of quinoline and isoquinoline and subsequent reaction of the products with phosphorus pentachloride at elevated temperatures. Reaction of these perchloro-compounds with potassium fluoride at elevated temperatures gives heptafluoro-quinoline and -isoquinoline in good yields. The perhalogeno-quinolines and -isoquinolines show no basic properties except that they dissolve in concentrated sulphuric acid, and that the solution of heptafluoroquinoline on the slow addition of water or methanol gives the mono-hydroxy or-methoxy-derivatives but on rapid dilution gives heptafluoroquinoline. The mechanism of the reaction is discussed in terms of nucleophilic displacement of fluoride ion from the protonated species.
A high performance 50 nm PMOSFET using decaborane (B/sub 10/H/sub 14/) ion implantation and 2-step activation annealing process (2002)

A high performance 50 nm PMOSFET with 7-nm-deep ultra shallow junction is described. Ultra-low energy implantation of B/sub 10/H(14/sup +/) at 2 keV (effective energy of boron is 0.2 keV) which never causes transient enhanced diffusion (TED) is utilized for the extension formation. To prevent thermal diffusion (TD), we developed a 2-step activation annealing process (2-step AAP) which forms a shallow extension with a low temperature annealing after the deep source/drain (S/D) formation. The highest drive current of 0.40 mA/um (@I/sub off/ of 1 nA/um and V/sub d/=-1.8 V) which improves 15% as compared with published data is achieved. The smallest PMOSFET with a L/sub eff/ of 38 nm is demonstrated for the first time. A low S/D series resistance R/sub sd/ of 760 ohm-um is achieved even if using a high sheet resistance (>20 Kohm/sq) for the extension regions due to the diminished extension length.
Enabling Fine-Grain Leakage Management by Voltage Anchor Insertion (2006)

Functional unit shutdown based on MTCMOS devices is effective for leakage reduction in aggressively scaled technologies. However, the applicability of MTCMOS-based shutdown in a synthesis-based design flow poses the challenge of interfacing logic blocks in shutdown mode with active units: The outputs of inactive gates can float at intermediate voltages, causing very large short-circuit currents in the active gates they drive. In this paper, we propose two novel low-overhead elementary cells that fully address this issue. These cells can be added to any synthesis library, and they can be inserted into a netlist at the boundary between shutdown and active regions. Our results show that: (i) our cells solve the interfacing problem with minimum overhead; and (ii) a non-intrusive design flow enhancement is sufficient to automatically insert interface cells in post-synthesis netlists