gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New piezoelectric materials (2002)

The Institute of Crystallography of the Russian Academy of Science is conducting a program aimed at the search for, the growth, and the investigation of new materials for different electronic applications: resonators, filters, UHF acoustic high-temperature receivers, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, acceleration sensors, etc. Different crystals have been grown by the following methods: (1) hydrothermal, (2) Czochralski, (3) from solution in the melt, and (4) from solutions. The grown crystals were investigated by resonance and ultrasonic methods in order to obtain information on elastic and piezoelectric properties. Dielectric, acoustooptic, and UHF techniques were used for acoustic loss and dielectric constant measurements. The perfection of grown crystals was characterized by different X-ray and optical methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Regularizing Neural Networks via Retaining Confident Connections (2017)

Regularization of neural networks can alleviate overfitting in the training phase. Current regularization methods, such as Dropout and DropConnect, randomly drop neural nodes or connections based on a uniform prior. Such a data-independent strategy does not take into consideration of the quality of individual unit or connection. In this paper, we aim to develop a data-dependent approach to regularizing neural network in the framework of Information Geometry. A measurement for the quality of connections is proposed, namely confidence. Specifically, the confidence of a connection is derived from its contribution to the Fisher information distance. The network is adjusted by retaining the confident connections and discarding the less confident ones. The adjusted network, named as ConfNet, would carry the majority of variations in the sample data. The relationships among confidence estimation, Maximum Likelihood Estimation and classical model selection criteria (like Akaike information criterion) is investigated and discussed theoretically. Furthermore, a Stochastic ConfNet is designed by adding a self-adaptive probabilistic sampling strategy. The proposed data-dependent regularization methods achieve promising experimental results on three data collections including MNIST, CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100.
Constant-Time Higher-Order Boolean-to-Arithmetic Masking. (2016)

Converting a Boolean mask to an arithmetic mask, and vice versa, is often required in implementing side-channel-resistant instances of cryptographic algorithms that mix Boolean and arithmetic operations. In this paper, we describe a method for converting a Boolean mask to an arithmetic mask that runs in constant time for a fixed order and has quadratic complexity as the security order increases, a significant improvement in previous work that has exponential complexity. We propose explicit algorithms for a second-order secure Boolean-to-arithmetic mask conversion that uses 31 instructions and for a third-order secure mask conversion that uses 74 instructions. We show that our second-order secure algorithm is at least an order of magnitude faster and our third-order secure algorithm is more than twice as fast as other algorithms in the literature.
The GENIUS Grid Portal: Its Architecture, Improvements of Features, and New Implementations about Authentication and Authorization (2007)

Since year 2006, the VOMS exensions are required from many virtual organizations in order to allow the access to various grid services by their users. The purpose of this work is to use grid services by GENIUS Grid Portal as front-end to the grid. The above described components, to generate a valid VOMS (virtual organization membership service) proxy on the user interface where the GENIUS portal is running, are integrate to offer to the end-user a unique service to be executed once after login or in following time after, in order to use the grid functionalities. In order to be sure that who input data is certainly a human people and preventing automated software from performing actions, a random CAPTCHA code (completely automated public Turing test to tell computers and humans apart) is adopted. After loading the applet for proxy creation and its transfer on reserved path on the UI, then the service performs as action the creation of 2 chain valid proxy with VOMS extensions.
ALKALI-ACTIVATED BINDERS PRODUCED FROM PETROCHEMICAL FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING CATALYST WASTE (2014)

This paper describes research on the viability of producing alkali activated binders using the aluminosilicate catalyst wastegenerated by the fluid catalytic cracking (wFCC) unit in the Portuguese oil refinery company -as precursor. For this purpose, alkali-activated wFCC catalyst based mortars and cement pastes were produced. Tests were carried out to evaluate the effect of initial solids composition (wFCC catalyst/Ca(OH) 2 ratio) on mortars workability or mechanical strength. The mineralogy and microstructure of the hardened alkali activated wFCC catalyst pastes were studied by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
Frequency Limits and Radiation Resistance for Volume Coils (2003)

J. Tian, T. Vaughan Univ. Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States Synopsis: To investigate the operational frequency and efficiency ranges for high field head coils, three unloaded RF volume coils were modeled by the Finite Difference Time Domain (XFDTD) method. Rung capacitance and radiation resistance were calculated versus the transverse mode resonant frequency for low pass configurations of a birdcage, a shielded birdcage, and a transmission line (TEM) resonator. Simulation results predict that practical birdcages are frequency limited to less than 200 MHz operation by radiation resistance and / or inductance, whereas the TEM resonator of the same size can achieve an operational frequency of 400 MHz.
Simple scalable CMOS linear regulator architecture (2001)

Linear regulators become increasingly important in modern electronic systems. Today's systems include circuits requiring a variety of supply voltages. This paper describes an architecture of a simple scalable CMOS regulator architecture. This architecture offers both voltage programmability and output current scalability. It can be realized in any process containing mainstream CMOS.
Customer engagement in an online social platform: A conceptual model and scale development (2011)

The rise of new media channels in the last few years has changed the ways customers communicate and exchange information. Managing customer relationships through social media engagement has become an important component of successful electronic marketing strategies. Though the concept of customer engagement has received considerable attention in the business community, there is a paucity of theory-guided empirical research in customer engagement in an online social platform. More importantly, there is a lack of consensus regarding its definition, forms, dimensionality, and operationalization. This study addresses these limitations in part by theoretically conceptualizing and empirically validating a scale to measure customer engagement in an online social platform. In this research-in-progress paper, we present our conceptual model of customer engagement and propose a rigorous approach in scale development and validation. The authors believe that this research will contribute to the development of online community literature and add to the repository of rigorous research instruments for researchers to use.
Sharing semi-heterogeneous single-user editors for real-time group editing (2006)

A new approach is proposed to transparently share familiar single-user editors\nwithout modifying their source code. This approach tweaks a classic diff algorithm\nto derive edit scripts between document states. Concurrent edit scripts are merged\nto synchronize states of coauthoring sites. Our concept-proving prototype currently\nworks with familiar, heterogeneous text editors such as GVim and WinEdt that can\nbe adapted to support two basic interfaces, GetState and SetState. The adaption\nis less expensive and more robust than recent approaches such as ICT and CoWord,\nwhich must understand and translate editing operations at the operating system level.\nExperimental data show that our approach is able to provide sufficient performance\nfor near-realtime group editing.
Image display and surgical visualization in interactive image-guided neurosurgery (1993)

Interactive image-guided surgery is the synchronous display of surgical position on medical images during surgery. We have developed a technique for the dynamic display of surgical position on up to three independent sets of tomographic images. Each of these image sets may be composed of square images of any size and are limited only by the size of the disk in the system. In addition to the raster images, a graphic display is provided for visualization of relative position and surgical trajectory, or real-time intraoperative images may be used. This device allows for improved 3-D surgical navigation and lesion margin definition.
Efficient Successive Interference Cancellation Algorithms for the DSTTD System (2006)

We present two ordered successive interference cancellation (OSIC) schemes using the QR decomposition for the double space-time transmit diversity (DSTTD) system. These are designed by zero-forcing (ZF) and minimum-mean-squared error (MMSE) criteria. The computational complexity is significantly reduced by utilizing special structure of the channel matrix. These schemes require fewer computations than previously known OSIC schemes. Especially the ZF-OSIC-QR achieves approximately 8% lower computational efforts than the two-stage linear ZF detection with 2.4 dB performance advantage at the bit error rate (BER) of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> .
Single-mode fiber wavelength multiplexer (1980)

Wavelength multiplexer for single-mode optical communication is reported. The multiplexer is made of all single-mode fibers and exhibits excellent stability. The separation between the multiplexed wavelengths was about 3.5 nm.
New Strategies in Breast Cancer: Immunotherapy (2016)

More than 70% of breast cancers contain lymphocytic infiltration in the stroma, and preclinical studies suggest that immunoediting and partial control of cancer progression by the local immune microenvironment operate in most breast cancers. Consistent with this hypothesis, a large number of studies demonstrated a favorable prognostic and chemotherapy response predictive role for immune infiltration in breast cancer. The evidence is particularly strong for triple-negative and HER2-positive cancers. The development of clinically effective immune checkpoint inhibitors now provides an opportunity to test the therapeutic potential of augmenting the local antitumor immune response. Several phase I clinical trials using single-agent anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies demonstrated objective tumor response rates, with remarkably durable responses, in heavily pretreated, metastatic, triple-negative cancers and somewhat lower responses in estrogen receptor-positive cancers. Currently, close to 50 ongoing, or soon to open, clinical trials evaluate the role of this new treatment modality in breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 22(9); 2105-10. ©2016 AACR.
Transmetalations in two metal–organic frameworks with different framework flexibilities: Kinetics and core–shell heterostructure (2012)

While only a partially transmetalated network was observed in a rigid metal–organic framework (MOF), not only a completely transmetalated isostructural network but also a partially transmetalated core–shell heterostructural network could be obtained in a flexible MOF by controlling the reaction conditions.
Direct Acquisition of Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectra from Laser Capture Microdissected Tissues (2000)

Recent studies have demonstrated the usefulness of laser capture microdissection (LCM) in gene expression studies of pure cell populations derived from healthy and diseased tissues (1)(2)(3). However, mRNA expression does not necessarily correlate with protein abundance or predict posttranslational modifications (4). Currently, a few groups have reported details of protein expression profiling of cells captured by LCM, using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) followed by peptide mass fingerprinting of selected proteins (5)(6). Although such an approach represents the gold standard for global analysis of protein expression, 2D-PAGE often is impractical for diagnostic applications. We describe a rapid and sensitive method to obtain an abridged protein expression profile from microdissected cells by the direct acquisition of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectra from LCM transfer films.

LCM uses an infrared laser to transiently and focally melt an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) thermoplastic film applied to a tissue section. During the infrared laser pulse, the EVA transfer film fuses with the underlying cells, which remain adherent when the film is separated from the tissue section. In most applications, the transfer film is subsequently immersed in a lysis buffer to extract soluble molecules from the captured cells and their microenvironment, and the lysate is used in further analysis. Our approach is to obtain MALDI-ToF mass spectra directly from microdissected cells of interest. MALDI-ToF allows the simultaneous molecular mass characterization of a broad variety of biological molecules up to 100 kDa or higher. Mass measurements of 1 pmol of an analyte present in a 1-μL specimen are routine for pure analytes and simple mixtures. …
Relative Habitat Value Of Alternative Substrates Used In Oyster Reef Restoration (2013)

Oyster reef habitats have declined from historic levels due to a variety of reasons, including overharvest, disease, and degraded water quality. The harvesting of oysters has led to a loss of reef habitat for both oysters and reef-associated fauna. When oysters spawn, the larval oysters, or spat, depend on hard substrate for settlement and growth. Oyster shell is the preferred substrate for use in restoration because it most closely matches natural reef habitat, but it is often expensive and in limited supply. This study incorporated field and laboratory experiments to assess the relative habitat value of alternative substrates (crushed concrete, porcelain, crushed limestone, and river rock, as well as oyster shell) for larval oyster recruitment as well as reef resident fishes and macro-invertebrates. Replicate trays of each substrate type were deployed in St. Charles Bay, TX for four months during spring and summer 2012 and assessed for oyster recruitment and faunal diversity and density. Concrete, river rock, limestone and porcelain had similar spat recruitment densities compared to oyster shell (1300-2300 spat). Spat shell heights were also larger on these substrates (13-16 mm), while spat on porcelain substrates were slightly smaller (10-13 mm). All substrates except bare sediment had similar fauna species densities (200-500 individuals m-2). Limestone had lower fauna diversity (H’; 0-1) than concrete and shell (1-2). Laboratory experiments compared the effectiveness of these substrates in providing prey refuge from pinfish and blue crab predators. All substrates performed similarly resulting in very low (<20 %) prey mortality rates for either predator. Results may enable future restoration plans to be implemented at a lower cost while providing similar habitat functions.
Layer-by-Layer Assembly of CdSe Nanoparticles Based on Hydrogen Bonding (2000)

We report the synthesis of nonaqueous dispersion of CdSe nanoparticles and the layer-by-layer assembly of hybrid poly(vinylpyridine) (PVP)/CdSe multilayer thin films based on hydrogen bonding. The multilayer buildup is monitored by UV−vis spectra, which showed a linear increase of the film absorbance with the number of adsorbed CdSe layers. The resulted films have a high degree of flatness and smoothness as indicated by small-angle X-ray diffraction. Hydrogen bond interaction, the driving force for the formation of PVP/CdSe multilayer thin film, between the pyridine group of PVP and the carboxylic acid group on CdSe was verified by FTIR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Myth or Reality? Fixation of Carbon Dioxide into Complex Organic Matter under Mild Conditions (2011)

Abstract Review: 43 refs.
Gaseous monoxides: a new class of micro vascular regulator in the liver (1996)

Gaseous monoxides such as nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) have recently attracted great interest as a regulator of cell and organ functions. When exposed to endotoxin, cytokines or ischemia-reperfusion, the liver produces larger amounts of NO than those in the control via the activity of inducible NO synthase which can alter a variety of organ functions such as sensitivity of vascular tone to catecholamine, mitochondrial membrane potential, biliary transport and tissue regeneration. On the other hand, the liver constitutively produces CO through the reaction of heme oxygenase. CO generated in the liver tissue can reach sinusoidal vessels and relax fat-storing Ito cells--the liver-specific microvascular pericytes covering the sinusoidal wall--and thereby serves as an endogenous modulator of vascular tone. Two isoforms of the CO-generating enzyme have been characterized: heme oxygenase-1 which is inducible by a variety of stressors, and heme oxygenase-2 which constitutes the major enzyme activity under physiological conditions in the liver. Although it is still unknown whether excessive CO generation by the inducible heme oxygenase activity may preserve or jeopardize the integrity of microvascular function in the liver, the potential importance of this double-edged molecule has just emerged much like nitric oxide, another gaseous molecule that was established as a neurovascular mediator inducing vascular cell relaxation. This article provides an overview of the pathophysiological roles of these gaseous monoxides in regulation of microvascular function in the liver.
The brain isoform of a key ATP-regulating enzyme, creatine kinase, is a phosphoprotein (1984)

Two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of crude microtubule preparations from the rat brain revealed the presence of three polypeptides in positions corresponding to those of the isovariants of purified rat brain creatine kinase (CK-BB). By the use of [gamma-32P]ATP, the two more acidic forms of these polypeptides were shown to be phosphorylated. Their identity as phosphorylated forms of CK-BB was established by using various peptide mapping techniques. Thus CK-BB is a phosphoprotein and its isoelectric variation may be attributed to phosphorylation.
The grey B-S model of R&amp;D project evaluation (2010)

As the traditional NPV method can't effectively evaluate R&D project, this paper mainly discussed the applicable methods for R&D project evaluation, integrated use of grey system theory and real option approach to evaluate new product R&D project, proposed the description of expected cash flow with interval grey number to be more practical, then weighted assessment intervals of expected cash flow given by experts with similarity degree of interval grey number, and established the grey B-S model of R&D project evaluation based on interval grey number. An example illustrates the validity of the model, which provides a new way for R&D investment decision-making and shows the advantages of real option approach compared with NPV method.
CANCER BIOLOGY: Effects of dietary β-carotene and selenium on initiation and promotion of pancreatic carcinogenesis in azaserine-treated rats (1996)

In the present study the effects of 0.1 or 1.0 g beta-carotene/kg diet (L beta C or H beta C) and 1.0 mg or 2.5 mg selenium/kg diet (LSel or HSel), as well as combinations of the respective low and high concentrations of beta-carotene and selenium (LMix or HMix) on the initiation/early promotion phase or on the late promotion phase of pancreatic carcinogenesis in azaserine-treated rats, were investigated using cell proliferation and volumetric data of atypical acinar cell foci (AACF) as parameters. The present results indicate chemopreventive effects of dietary selenium, dietary beta-carotene and of their combination on the development of acinar pancreatic lesions induced in rats by azaserine. The inhibitory effect was most pronounced when beta-carotene and/or selenium were added to the diets during the late promotion phase of the carcinogenic process, although inhibition was also observed with these compounds when they were added to the diets during the first 5 weeks of the study only (initiation/early promotion phase). Neither in the initiation/early promotion phase nor in the late promotion phase was a dose-related trend observed. The multiplicities of AACF with a diameter over 1.0 mm and of carcinomas in situ (CIS), as well as the incidence of CIS were not significantly different among the groups. However, in the late promotion experiment a dose-related decline in multiplicity could be observed in the selenium supplemented groups and in the groups receiving combinations of beta-carotene and selenium. Cell proliferation in azaserine-induced AACF, as estimated by the bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling index, was significantly higher in H beta C, HSel, LMix and HMix groups (initiation/early promotion phase) as well as in H beta C, LSel, HSel, LMix and HMix groups (late promotion phase) than in high fat controls. From the present results it can be concluded that: (i) beta-carotene and selenium have inhibitory effects on pancreatic carcinogenesis induced in rats by azaserine; (ii) the most clear effects were observed when selenium was given as such, or in combination with beta-carotene during the late promotion phase; and (iii) beta-carotene and selenium stimulate cell proliferation in AACF.
Enzymatic autoantibody glycan hydrolysis alleviates autoimmunity against type VII collagen (2012)

Autoantibody-mediated diseases comprise a heterogeneous group of disorders in which the pathogenic potential of autoantibodies has been clearly demonstrated. In general, their treatment relies on the long-term use of systemic corticosteroids and other immunosuppressants that are associated with considerable adverse reactions. EndoS, an endoglycosidase derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, specifically hydrolyzes the N-linked glycan of native IgG and has previously been shown to modulate the interaction between the Fc portion of autoantibody and Fcγ receptors on leukocytes. Here, different models of autoimmunity to type VII collagen, a structural protein of the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ), were employed to explore the therapeutic potential of EndoS. First, pretreatment of otherwise pathogenic anti-murine type VII collagen (mCOL7) IgG with EndoS significantly reduced split formation at the DEJ in cryosections of murine skin and abrogated clinical disease in mice. Next, the effect of EndoS was also seen when the enzyme was injected into mice after pathogenic anti-mCOL7 IgG had been administered. Finally, to mimic the patient situation even closer, EndoS was applied in mice that had already developed clinical disease after immunization with mCOL7. In all EndoS-treated mice, disease progression was stopped, and in the majority of mice, clinical disease even regressed. Of note, EndoS was shown to hydrolyze already in vivo-bound pathogenic autoantibodies. In addition, EndoS treatment decreased lesional expression of activating FcγRs while increasing FcγRIIB expression.
Fractional frequency collective parametric resonances of an ion cloud in a Paul trap (1998)

We report the observation of the first ten collective parametric resonances of an uncooled ${N}_{2}^{+}$ ion cloud in a Paul trap driven at simple fractions of twice the secular frequency of the trap by an additionally applied quadrupole field. The fractional resonances are observable only if the excitation field surpasses a critical strength. Odd-even staggering of the thresholds is observed.