gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification, Proteomic Profiling, and Origin of Ram Epididymal Fluid Exosome-Like Vesicles1 (2005)

Small membranous vesicles, between 25- and 75-nm diameter, were collected by high-speed centrifugation from the ram cauda epididymal fluid and were found to be normal constituents of this fluid and of the seminal plasma. The SDS-PAGE protein pattern of these vesicles was specific and very different from that of the caudal fluid, seminal plasma, sperm extract, and cytoplasmic droplets. After two-dimensional electrophoresis separation and mass spectrometry analysis, several proteins were identified and grouped into i) membrane-linked enzymes, such as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), neprilysin (NEP), phosphodiesterase-I (E-NPP3), and protein G-beta; ii) vesicle-associated proteins, such as lactadherin (MFEG8-PAS6/7) and vacuolar ATPase; iii) several cytoskeleton-associated proteins, such as actin, ezrin and annexin; and iv) metabolic enzymes. The presence of some of these proteins as well as several different hydrophobic proteins secreted by the epididymis was further confirmed by immunoblotting. These markers showed that the majority of the vesicles originated from the cauda epididymal region. The physical and biochemical characteristics of these vesicles suggest they are the equivalent of the exosomes secreted by several cell types and epithelium. The main membrane-linked proteins of the vesicles were not retrieved in the extract from cauda or ejaculated sperm, suggesting that these vesicles did not fuse with sperm in vivo.
Measurements of Radiobiological Effectiveness in the 85 MeV Proton Beam Produced at the Cyclotron CYCLONE of Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium (1996)

The RBE of the 85 MeV proton beam produced at the cyclotron of Louvain-la-Neuve using 60Co gamma rays as the reference radiation was determined for survival of Chinese hamster ovary cells in vitro and for intestinal crypt regeneration in mice in vivo. Cell survival curves determined at different depths yielded, for a surviving fraction (SF) of 0.01, RBE values of 1.11 +/- 0.05 at the initial plateau of the unmodulated beam, 1.10 +/- 0.03 at the middle of a 0.5-cm spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP), 1.03 +/- 0.03 at the beginning of a 3-cm SOBP and 1.07 +/- 0.03 at the end of a 3-cm SOBP. The highest RBE values were obtained at the middle of the 0.5-cm SOBP and at the end of the 3-cm SOBP (RBE = 1.22 and 1.16, respectively, at SF = 0.5), although the variations are not statistically significant. Irradiations with 3-Gy fractions separated by an interval of 3.5 h yielded RBEs of 1.11 +/- 0.30 and 0.90 +/- 0.32 at the initial plateau and at the middle of the 0.5-cm SOBP, respectively. Irradiations of mice at the middle of the 3-cm SOBP yielded an RBE of 1.08 +/- 0.03 for 20 regenerated crypts at a proton dose of 12.3 Gy.
Lipopolymers from New 2‐Substituted‐2‐Oxazolines for Artificial Cell Membrane Constructs (2005)

Abstract Summary: We present the synthesis of novel 2‐oxazoline monomers with different 2‐substituents and their consecutive conversion into lipopolymers by living cationic polymerization. The side functions of these monomers were varied to realize different steric needs and hydrogen bonding interactions of the polymer side chains. 2‐(2′‐ N ‐pyrrolidonyl‐ethyl)‐2‐oxazoline, 2‐(3′‐methoxymonoethyleneglycol)propyl‐2‐oxazoline, and 2‐(3′‐methoxytriethyleneglycol)propyl‐2‐oxazoline were synthesized. All of the monomers could be converted into the corresponding lipopolymers by living cationic polymerization using 2,3‐di‐ O ‐octadecyl‐1‐trifluormethansulfonyl‐ sn ‐glycerol as the initiator. The characterization of the 2,3‐di‐ O ‐octadecyl‐glycerol‐poly(2‐oxazoline) lipopolymers by NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography revealed that the targeted molar masses and compositions can be controlled by the initial initiator/monomer ([M] 0 /[I] 0 ) ratio for all the synthesized lipopolymers. The polydispersities were found to be narrow (polydispersity indices from 1.06–1.3). The amphiphilic lipopolymers were spread at the air‐water interface (Langmuir‐Blodgett film balance) and the effect of the polymer side groups and chain lengths upon the Π‐area ( A ) isotherms of the corresponding lipopolymer monolayers were compared and analyzed. The impact of the polymer side functionalities on a 2D gel formation was examined using an interfacial rheometer operated in an oscillating stress‐strain mode. Interestingly enough, none of the newly synthesized lipopolymers showed a rheological transition. This somewhat surprising result not only verified that these 2D gels are not established by hydrogen bonding among hydrophilic polymer moieties, as earlier proposed, but also supported the concept of jammed surface micelles as the more likely origin for the gelation phenomenon. magnified image
Theory of two-dimensional multirate filter banks (1990)

Results are presented on 2-D FIR (two-dimensional finite-impulse-response) filter banks for multirate applications. The theory is valid for all sampling lattices; conditions for alias-free and perfect signal reconstruction are derived. Synthesis structures for paraunitary and nonparaunitary polynomial matrices are derived, which yield perfect reconstruction filter banks. The degrees of freedom are given for these systems. Linear phase conditions are posed on the polyphase form of filter banks. which is used to derive a design structure for the restricted, but important, case of linear phase filter banks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[Review of] Paule Marshall. Praisesong for the Widow (1986)

Paule Marshall's Praisesong for the Widow is an account of maturation or, put another way, of a black woman's willingness to confront her emergent self. Tastefully groomed, sixty-four year old Avatarra " Avey" Johnson leaves her suburban New York home to vacation with two friends on a West Indies cruise. Her decision to interrupt her plans, shortly after arriving at one of the destinations, is a surprise to everyone. Avey is compelled to discount the material investment she has made in the trip in order to follow a mind that has been haunted by dreams of her great aunt Cuney.
Static handgrip exercise modifies arterial baroreflex control of vascular sympathetic outflow in humans (2001)

To examine effects of static exercise on the arterial baroreflex control of vascular sympathetic nerve activity, 22 healthy male volunteers performed 2 min of static handgrip exercise at 30% of maximal voluntary force, followed by postexercise circulatory arrest (PE-CA). Microneurographic recording of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) was made with simultaneous recording of arterial pressure (Portapres). The relationship between MSNA and diastolic arterial pressure was calculated for each condition and was defined as the arterial baroreflex function. There was a close relationship between MSNA and diastolic arterial pressure in each subject at rest and during static exercise and PE-CA. The slope of the relationship significantly increased by >300% during static exercise (P < 0.001), and the x-axis intercept (diastolic arterial pressure level) increased by 13 mmHg during exercise (P < 0.001). These alterations in the baroreflex relationship were completely maintained during PE-CA. It is concluded that static handgrip exercise is associated with a resetting of the operating range and an increase in the reflex gain of the arterial barorelex control of MSNA.
A Deep Learning-based Radar and Camera Sensor Fusion Architecture for Object Detection (2019)

Object detection in camera images, using deep learning has been proven successfully in recent years. Rising detection rates and computationally efficient network structures are pushing this technique towards application in production vehicles. Nevertheless, the sensor quality of the camera is limited in severe weather conditions and through increased sensor noise in sparsely lit areas and at night. Our approach enhances current 2D object detection networks by fusing camera data and projected sparse radar data in the network layers. The proposed CameraRadarFusion Net (CRF-Net) automatically learns at which level the fusion of the sensor data is most beneficial for the detection result. Additionally, we introduce BlackIn, a training strategy inspired by Dropout, which focuses the learning on a specific sensor type. We show that the fusion network is able to outperform a state-of-the-art image-only network for two different datasets. The code for this research will be made available to the public at: https://github.com/TUMFTM/CameraRadarFusionNet.
Maintenance and Neuronal Differentiation of Chicken Induced Pluripotent Stem-Like Cells (2014)

Pluripotent stem cells have the potential to become any cell in the adult body, including neurons and glia. Avian stem cells could be used to study questions, like vocal learning, that would be difficult to examine with traditional mouse models. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are differentiated cells that have been reprogrammed to a pluripotent stem cell state, usually using inducing genes or other molecules. We recently succeeded in generating avian iPSC-like cells using mammalian genes, overcoming a limitation in the generation and use of iPSCs in nonmammalian species (Rosselló et al., 2013). However, there were no established optimal cell culture conditions for avian iPSCs to establish long-term cell lines and thus to study neuronal differentiation in vitro. Here we present an efficient method of maintaining chicken iPSC-like cells and for differentiating them into action potential generating neurons.
Characterization of Copper Covetic Bulk and Films: Copper with High Carbon Content (2016)

Incorporation of carbon nanostructures in metals is desirable to combine the strongly bonded electrons in the metal and the free electrons in carbon nanostructures that give rise to high ampacity and high conductivity, respectively. Carbon in copper has the potential to impact industries such as: building construction, power generation and transmission, and microelectronics. This thesis focuses on the structure and properties of bulk and thin ﬁlms of a new material, Cu covetic, that contains carbon in concentrations up to 16 at.%. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) shows C 1s peak with both sp2 and sp3 bonded C measuring up to 3.5 wt.% (16 at.%). High resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction of bulk covetic samples show a modulated structure of ≈ 1.6 nm along several crystallographic directions in regions that have high C content suggesting that the carbon incorporates into the copper lattice forming a network. Electron energy loss spectra (EELS) from covetics reveal that the level of graphitization from the source material, activated carbon, is maintained in the covetic structure. Bulk Cu covetics have a slight increase in the lattice constant, as well as <111> texturing, or possibly a different structure, compared to pure Cu. Density functional theory calculations predict bonding between C and Cu at the edges and defects of graphene sheets. The electrical resistivity of bulk covetics ﬁrst increases and then decreases with increasing C content. Cu covetic ﬁlms were deposited using e-beam and pulsed laser deposition (PLD) at different temperatures. No copper oxide or any allotropes of carbon are present in the films. The e-beam films show enhanced electrical and optical properties when compared to pure Cu ﬁlms of the same thickness even though no carbon was detected by XPS or EELS. They also have slightly higher ampacity than Cu metal ﬁlms. EELS analysis of the C-K-edge in the PLD ﬁlms indicate that graphitic carbon is transferred from the bulk into the ﬁlms with uniform carbon distribution. PLD ﬁlms exhibit ﬂatter and higher transmittance curves and sheet resistance two orders of magnitude lower than e-beam ﬁlms leading to a high ﬁgure of merit as transparent conductors.
Electrochemistry of Polythiophene and Polybithiophene Films in Ambient Temperature Molten Salts (1987)

Polythiophene and polybithiophene polymer films were deposited on platinum, tungsten, and glassy carbon electrodes by anodic oxidation of the monomer in ambient temperature molten salts, consisting of a mixture of aluminum chloride and 1‐methyl‐3‐ethyl‐imidazolium chloride. The formation reaction of polythiophene and polybithiophene is totally irreversible. The polymer films are conductive in the oxidized state and nonconductive when reduced as indicated by the shape of cyclic voltammetric curves for the polymers and for ferrocene oxidation on electrodes covered by different thicknesses of polymer. Results of ferrocene oxidation on electrodes coated by polythiophene suggest that these polymer films are porous. The films obtained in these molten salts are more stable and their electrochemical behavior appears to be less complicated than that of films prepared in acetonitrile solutions.
Near-Total Glutathione Depletion and Age-Specific Cataracts Induced by Buthionine Sulfoximine in Mice (1986)

The specific inhibitor of glutathione biosynthesis, L-buthionine sulfoximine (L-BSO), although relatively nontoxic in adult mice, induces severe glutathione depletion and age-specific pathological changes when repeatedly administered to male suckling mice. Dense cataracts developed when mice aged 9 to 12 days were given a series of injections of L-BSO, despite excellent survival and the absence of other significant long-term effects. By contrast, similar treatment of mice aged 14 to 17 days, although slightly less effective in reducing glutathione levels, resulted frequently in death, hind-leg paralysis, or impaired spermatogenesis, but did not produce cataracts. Administration of L-BSO to preweanling mice provides a novel model system for the induction of cataracts by depletion of lens glutathione and may enable the study of critical functions of glutathione in the lens and other growing tissues during early postnatal development.
L-PRS: A Location-based Personalized Recommender System (2003)

As the wireless communication technology advances rapidly, a personalization technology can be incorporated with the mobile Internet environment, which is based on location-based services to support more accurate personalized services. A location-based personalized recommender system is one of the essential technologies of the location-based application services, and is also a crucial technology for the ubiquitous environment. 
In this paper we propose a framework of a location-based personalized recommender system for the mobile Internet environment. The proposed system consists of three modules; the interface module, the neighbor selection module, and the prediction and recommendation module. 
The proposed system incorporates the concept of the recommendation system in the Electronic Commerce along with that of the mobile devices for possible expansion of services on the mobile devices. Finally a service scenario for entertainment recommendation based on the proposed recommender system is described.
Near-infrared monitoring of myocardial oxygenation during intermittent warm blood cardioplegia (1997)

Near-infrared spectroscopy is a useful method of continuously monitoring myocardial oxygenation and ischemia during warm heart surgery. Episodes of ischemia longer than 10 min during warm blood cardioplegia resulted in less-than-optimal myocardial preservation and should be avoided.
Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Pathogenic Targets with Stem‐Tagged Primer Sets (2019)

Simultaneous multiple gene detection is indispensable for the detection of various genes in a small sample obtained by an invasive method. A typical detection method is probe-based fluorescence melting curve analysis by means of real-time PCR. It is very limited because, for each target, a probe sequence with at least a different T<sub>m</sub> must be designed. To overcome this limitation, we developed a simultaneous multiple gene detection method based on a giant amplicon molecular beacon. PCR was performed by attaching stem sequences with different T<sub>m</sub> values to each primer set, and the melting T<sub>m</sub> was measured by hybridizing the stem sequences at both ends of the amplified amplicon; this generated well-separated T<sub>m</sub> signals. The important point here is that the stem sequence that produces the T<sub>m</sub> signal is an arbitrarily selectable sequence unrelated to the target gene. Because it is arbitrarily selectable, the desired T<sub>m</sub> can be freely adjusted. As a result, we succeeded in the simultaneous detection of four samples with the use of only one fluorophore. Theoretically, a combination of five fluorophores could detect more than 20 multiple genes simultaneously.
732. The addition of toluene-ω-thiol to unsaturated compounds (1951)

R. Brown, W. E. Jones and A. R. Pinder, J. Chem. Soc., 1951, 3315 DOI: 10.1039/JR9510003315
PRERAKE JOINT WITH STTCM FOR TDD DS-CDMA SYSTEM (2001)

A novel synthetical transmit diversity, namely Prerake joint with Space-Time Trellis Coded Modulation (STTCM), for TDD DS-CDMA system is proposed in this paper. Space-Time Code (STC) is applied under the multipath fading circumstance. Prerake is used in stead of Rake to overcome multipath fading for the simplicity of the receiver configuration. Through computer simulation, the performance of our proposed scheme in multipath fading can be better than that of just STC is used, the taps of the Prerake should be chosen to be equal to the multipath number in the matter of minimum mean square error. A new constellation (8APK) is presented to construct a kind of STC that achieves better performance than that of 8PSK.
Moderate Exercise Combined with Dietary Vitamins C and E Counteracts Oxidative Stress in the Kidney and Lens of Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rat (2005)

Oxidative stress has a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetes-induced cataract formation and nephropathy. Daily moderate exercise and vitamins C and E (VCE) supplementation can be beneficial to diabetes due to reducing blood glucose and free radical production. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of moderate exercise with vitamin VCE on lipid peroxidation (LP) and antioxidative systems in the kidneys and lens of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Forty female Wistar rats were used. They were randomly divided into four groups. The first and second groups were used as control and diabetic groups. The third group was the diabetic-exercise group. VCE-supplemented feed was given to diabetic-exercise rats constituting the fourth group. Animals in the exercised groups were moderately exercised daily on a treadmill for three weeks (five days a week). Diabetes was induced on day zero of exercise. Body weights in the four groups were recorded weekly. Lens and kidney samples were taken from all animals on day 20. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin E, and beta-carotene levels in kidney and lens, albumin in plasma, and body weight were significantly lower in the diabetic group than in the control group, whereas there was a significant increase in LP of kidney and lens as well as plasma glucose, urea, and creatinine levels in the diabetic group. The decrease in antioxidant enzymes, vitamins, and albumin and the increase in LP and glucose levels in diabetic rats were significantly improved with exercise and VCE supplementation. In the diabetic animals, the decreased beta-carotene and vitamins A levels in kidney did not improve through exercise only, although their levels were increased by exercise plus VCE supplementation. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that lipid peroxidation increases in the lens and kidney of diabetic animals and this could be due to decreases in antioxidant vitamins and enzymes. However, dietary VCE with moderate exercise may strengthen the antioxidant defense system through the reduction of ROS and blood glucose levels. The VCE supplementations with exercise may play a role in preventing the development of diabetic nephropathy and cataract formation in diabetic animals.
Interference by rheumatoid factor with the detection of C-reactive protein by the latex agglutination method. (1980)

The concentration of the acute phase serum protein C-reactive protein (CRP) is used as an index of disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and with other disorders associated with rheumatoid factor (RF). When CRP was determined by the latex agglutination method, RF caused both increased titers for CRP and false positive reactions for CRP. These effects of RF were abrogated by pretreatment of test samples with 2-mercaptoethanol. Detection of CRP by radial immunodiffusion was not affected by RF. Therefore, the clinical relevance of CRP detected in RF positive sera by latex agglutination can be ascertained only following pretreatment of sera with 2-mercaptoethanol or by the use of radial immunodiffusion to circumvent interference by RF.
Statistical learning, localization, and identification of objects (2002)

This work describes a statistical approach to deal with learning and recognition problems in the field of computer vision. An abstract theoretical framework is provided, which is suitable for automatic model generation from examples, identification, and localization of objects. Both, the learning and localization stage are formalized as parameter estimation tasks. The statistical learning phase is unsupervised with respect to the matching of model and scene features. The general mathematical description yields algorithms which can even treat parameter estimation problems from projected data. The experiments show that this probabilistic approach is suitable for solving 2D and 3D object recognition problems using grey-level images. The method can also be applied to 3D image processing issues using range images, i.e. 3D input data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Understanding Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data (2018)

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems are able to transmit glucose readings every 1–15 minutes to a receiver, insulin pump, phone(s), or watch, and eventually the glucose data may be uploaded to a computer, electronic medical record (EMR) system, and/or the Cloud.
Natural Language Question Answering Over Triple Knowledge Bases (2009)

Question answering systems have been the focus of widespread research. �ey have the potential to make �nding information even easier than with modern search engines. Successful question answering systems have to overcome several hurdles. A knowledge representation language has to be chosen that is �exible to represent the majority of information in the source corpus, while still allowing for tractable extraction and inference. A robust method for translating free-form sentences from the source corpus to the knowledge representation language is needed, along with a method for translating questions into queries over the knowledge base. �is report describes a question answering system that uses triples (subject-predicateobject 3-tuples) as a knowledge representation language. A method for extracting triples from paragraphs of text using a series of simpli�cation passes is described. A basic logic based query language is also described, along with a method for translating these queries to efficient SQL queries over a database. An accompanying method for translating questions using a top-down search of subsets of this query space is detailed. �e method makes use of only shallow syntactic processing and is notable