gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification of rare gases and the measurement of low residual impurity levels (1974)

A system has been constructed for the quantitative measurement of low-impurity levels in rare gases at both above and below atmospheric pressure. This system, based on a gas chromatograph with metastable helium detectors, allows measurements to be made down to some tens of ppb impurity levels of all active gases, with good reproducibility. The technique has been used to determine the properties of a new type of single-stage rare gas purifier whose working principle is the chemical sorption of the active gases by means of a gettering material held at a suitable temperature. The purification efficiency is usually greater than 98% and the output impurity levels can be maintained at less than 1–3 ppm for long times.
Excess penalty impairments of polarisation shiftkeying transmission format in presence of polarisation mode dispersion (2000)

Experimental results are presented which show that in a fibre link with polarisation mode dispersion (PMD) the polarisation shift keying (PolSK) transmission format suffers from an excess sensitivity penalty due to signal depolarisation when compared with the intensity modulated format. The excess penalty is 3 dB when the PMD is 30% of the bit period.
Improving object extraction with depth-based methods (2013)

In this work, we introduce a method to do object extraction in RGBD images. Our method consists in a depth-based approach which provides an insight into connectedness, proximity and planarity of the scene. We combine the depth and the color in a GraphCut framework to achieve robustness. Specifically, we propose a depth-based seeding which reduces the uncertainty and limitations of the traditional color based seeding. The results of our depth-based seeding were satisfactory and allowed good segmentation results at indoor environments. An extension of our method to do video segmentation using contour graphs is also discussed.
Fast Photodegradable Block Copolymer Micelles for Burst Release (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTFast Photodegradable Block Copolymer Micelles for Burst ReleaseDehui Han, Xia Tong, and Yue Zhao*View Author Information Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Macromolecules 2011, 44, 3, 437–439Publication Date (Web):January 18, 2011Publication History Received6 December 2010Revised5 January 2011Published online18 January 2011Published inissue 8 February 2011https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma102778dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma102778drapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5537Altmetric-Citations173LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Hydrophobicity,Irradiation,Micelles,Photodegradation,Solution chemistry Get e-Alerts
Engineering the electronic structure of lanthanide based materials (2012)

Lanthanide based materials are used in everything from phosphors for light bulbs and LEDs, to scintillators for medical imaging purposes to magnets. They also show potential for spintronics and for increasing the efficiency of solar cells. Knowing the energy of the lanthanide 4f and 5d states is important for understanding the electronic structure and thus the optical properties of lanthanide based materials. In this thesis it is shown that an empirical model used to predict the electronic structure of lanthanide doped compounds can be used to predict the electronic structures of fully concentrated lanthanide based compounds. An example is then given that shows experimentally the systematic behaviour observed. It is also shown that it is possible to engineer the energy difference between the lanthanide 4f and 5d states in a lanthanide based compound. This may be done mechanically, by applying an external perturbation, such as by inducing stresses in an SmS thin film by polishing, or chemically, by alloying with a similar compound, in this case EuO with EuN, or by changing the stoichiometry of the compound, as in the case of Sm rich SmS.
Identification of Japanese and Chinese Green Tea Cultivars by Using Simple Sequence Repeat Markers to Encourage Proper Labeling (2009)

To identify commercial Japanese monovarietal green tea and imported green tea samples, leading Japanese cultivars were fingerprinted by using six simple sequence repeat markers analyzed by a capillary sequencer. Two well-authenticated imported Chinese monovarietal green tea samples were also fingerprinted by the same markers, one of which, was Fuyun, was a clonally propagated cultivar, and the other, Jiukengzhong, was seed-propagated. At least three markers used in this study identified 16 leading Japanese cultivars and Fuyun. Although Jiukengzhong was a mixed population with diverse genotypes, some individuals had a unique allele in one simple sequence repeat marker that was not detected in the 16 leading Japanese cultivars, an additional 39 cultivars, and Fuyun. This allele was effective as a detection marker for Jiukengzhong. These results support the use of simple sequence repeat markers for the identification of Japanese monovarietal green tea and also of imported green tea made from foreign cultivars.
A Quantitative Assay for Intercellular Adhesion (1973)

Intercellular adhesion is measured by a new method based on determination of the rates of attachment of single cells to confluent cell monolayers. The procedure is simple, rapid, and reproducible. Specific and nonspecific intercellular adhesions can be quantitated and distinguished from each other, and from the adhesion to glass (or plastic). The rate of adhesion of single cells to the monolayer is characteristic of more than 80% of the single-cell population. This method, therefore, provides a means for study of the molecular basis of intercellular adhesion.
Learning pairwise comparisons of items with bigram content features for recommending (2013)

In general, users usually rate items according to interestingness of some features in items on the internet. Considering competitive relationships of ratings on one user interest level and context information of the item content features, this paper proposes an approach to predict items' ratings basing on paired comparisons of different rating items with bigram content features. In the paper, we assume that the user interest on each item can be represented by the combination of different bigram content features, and employ Bradley-Terry model to confirm the user interestingness of each feature pair. Experimental results show that this approach outperforms popular approaches and the competitive approach without context information.
A new in-field bad block detection scheme for NAND flash chips (2015)

A NAND flash system has been adopted as storage. However, due to its distinctive operation mechanisms, it endures only the limited number of program/Erase cycles. So, bad blocks are inevitably developed during the life time of the storage system. A bad block is a block that contains faulty bits that cannot be covered by ECC. In this paper, a novel in-field bad block detection scheme is proposed. Through simple write verifications, the proposed bad block detector finds bad blocks in real-time, and ensures that written data is reliable. The detection method includes neither costly data-mirroring nor complex ECC processing, but it requires an additional detection module of which size is less than 0.15% of the controller size.
Changes in Hypothalamic KiSS-1 System and Restoration of Pubertal Activation of the Reproductive Axis by Kisspeptin in Undernutrition (2005)

Activation of the gonadotropic axis critically depends on sufficient body energy stores, and conditions of negative energy balance result in lack of puberty onset and reproductive failure. Recently, KiSS-1 gene-derived kisspeptin, signaling through the G protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54), has been proven as a pivotal regulator in the control of gonadotropin secretion and puberty. However, the impact of body energy status upon hypothalamic expression and function of this system remains unexplored. In this work, we evaluated the expression of KiSS-1 and GPR54 genes at the hypothalamus as well as the ability of kisspeptin-10 to elicit GnRH and LH secretion in prepubertal rats under short-term fasting. In addition, we monitored the actions of kisspeptin on food intake and the effects of its chronic administration upon puberty onset in undernutrition. Food deprivation induced a concomitant decrease in hypothalamic KiSS-1 and increase in GPR54 mRNA levels in prepubertal rats. In addition, LH responses to kisspeptin in vivo were enhanced, and its GnRH secretagogue action in vitro was sensitized, under fasting conditions. Central kisspeptin administration failed to change food intake patterns in animals fed ad libitum or after a 12-h fast. However, chronic treatment with kisspeptin was able to restore vaginal opening (in approximately 60%) and to elicit gonadotropin and estrogen responses in a model of undernutrition. In summary, our data are the first to show an interaction between energy status and the hypothalamic KiSS-1 system, which may constitute a target for disruption (and eventual therapeutic intervention) of pubertal development in conditions of negative energy balance.
SEPARATION: PERHAPS THE MOST UNDERESTIMATED GEOTEXTILE FUNCTION (1994)

The authors wrote this note as a result of observations and discussions with many manufacturers and other organisations. They explain the function of a geotextile in its most important potential application, highway separation, where it is placed between the soil subgrade and the overlying stone base course. They propose an action plan to initiate a USA-wide effort, to investigate and quantify the anticipated improvement to highway life-cycle performance and other benefits that geotextile separators offer. The five major functions that geosynthetics provide are: (1) separation; (2) reinforcement; (3) filtration; (4) drainage; and (5) flexible containment and isolation barriers. Although there are many applications for geotextiles as a separator in between highway layers, geotextiles are generally used only when at least one of the soils in the road bed is extremely weak. Three cases can be suggested, based on the subsoil's California Bearing Ratio (CBR): (1) very poor subgrade soil (CBR 7). Many geotextiles can be used as separators, and more research is needed on their use.
Colorless-Light and Tunable-Light-Source Schemes for TWDM and WDM PONs (2018)

The passive optical network (PON) has recently emerged as the most widely deployed and successful optical access solution. Data rate demands, driven by the growing use of broadband services, are expected to increase continuously over the next few decades. TWDM PONs and WDM PONs show the most promise for emerging broadband services involving various applications. In both TWDM and WDM PONs, a colorless light source or tunable transmitter is used on the ONU side and is indispensable for low-cost and plug-and-play ONUs. This article describes the principles of different colorless- light-source schemes and the architectures of the corresponding TWDM and WDM PON systems. Also, their transmission performances are analyzed and compared. Further, four types of wavelength control methods for light sources based on tunable laser diodes are described and analyzed. The features, characteristics, and applicability of the various colorless-light and tunablelight- source schemes are analyzed and compared.
Comparison of a recurrent neural network PV system model with a traditional component-based PV system model (2011)

Photovoltaic (PV) system modeling is used throughout the photovoltaic industry for the prediction of PV system output under a given set of weather conditions. PV system modeling has a wide range of uses including: pre-purchase comparisons of PV system components, system health monitoring, and estimation of payback (return on investment) times. In order to adequately model a PV system, the system must be characterized to establish the relationship between given weather inputs (e.g., irradiance, spectrum, temperature) and desired system outputs (e.g., AC power, module temperature). Traditional approaches to system characterization involve characterizing and modeling each component in a PV system and forming a system model by successively using component models. This paper compares a traditional modeling approach using the Sandia Photovoltaic Array Performance Model [1] to a new method of characterization using a recurrent neural network (RNN). The Sandia model predicts system performance from given weather data and individual component characterizations using a defined set of equations, while the RNN “learns” the input/output relationships by training on concurrent weather and performance data. The comparison of a traditional modeling technique and the new RNN method serves to validate the accuracy of the new method in comparison to a widely accepted modeling technique. Modeling using an RNN may be advantageous when component models are not available for the components in a PV system, when the components of a PV system are unknown to the modeler, or when system components are installed or altered in such a fashion that their model parameters are no longer applicable.
Apelin in epiretinal membranes of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. (2014)

The results showed that apelin was involved in the formation of ERMs and promoted the formation of adventitia, including glial, endothelial, and RPE cells. Bevacizumab blocked the expression of apelin and regressed gliosis and angiogenesis.
Advanced Interconnects for ULSI Technology (2012)

Finding new materials for copper/low-k interconnects is critical to the continuing development of computer chips. While copper/low-k interconnects have served well, allowing for the creation of Ultra Large Scale Integration (ULSI) devices which combine over a billion transistors onto a single chip, the increased resistance and RC-delay at the smaller scale has become a significant factor affecting chip performance.Advanced Interconnects for ULSI Technology is dedicated to the materials and methods which might be suitable replacements. It covers a broad range of topics, from physical principles to design, fabrication, characterization, and application of new materials for nano-interconnects, and discusses:Interconnect functions, characterisations, electrical properties and wiring requirements Low-k materials: fundamentals, advances and mechanical properties Conductive layers and barriers Integration and reliability including mechanical reliability, electromigration and electrical breakdown New approaches including 3D, optical, wireless interchip, and carbon-based interconnects Intended for postgraduate students and researchers, in academia and industry, this book provides a critical overview of the enabling technology at the heart of the future development of computer chips.
Electrophysiological properties of electrical synapses between rat sympathetic preganglionic neurones <i>in vitro</i> (1999)

1. The electrophysiological properties of electrical synaptic transmission between sympathetic preganglionic neurones (SPNs) in slices of rat spinal cord were investigated using simultaneous dual-electrode patch-clamp recordings. Electrotonic coupling was directly demonstrated between 21 pairs of SPNs. 2. Coupling coefficients determined from the steady-state response of both neurones to current steps injected into either neurone ranged from 0. 02 to 0.48 (0.18 +/- 0.02, mean +/- s.e.m.). Synapses were bidirectional and symmetrical for the majority of connections with coupling coefficients similar in either direction. Asymmetrical coupling between a minority of cell pairs was due to differences in passive neuronal properties rather than rectification of the synaptic conductances. 3. Action potentials were manifest in adjoining cells as biphasic electrical postsynaptic potentials (ePSPs), composed of a rapid depolarising component followed by a more prolonged hyperpolarisation with amplitudes of 1.2 +/- 0.2 and 2.1 +/- 0.6 mV, respectively. 4. Postsynaptic potentials resembled low-pass filtered presynaptic spikes with frequency dependence determined by the junctional conductance and postsynaptic membrane properties. Increases in presynaptic action potential frequency caused attenuation of the hyperpolarising component of the ePSP that was attributed to shorter duration presynaptic spikes being more markedly filtered. 5. Synchronisation of spontaneous action potentials between electrotonically coupled neurones was driven by subthreshold membrane potential activity resembling repetitive ePSPs. Synchronous spike firing in previously silent neurones could be driven by suprathreshold ePSPs induced by suprathreshold depolarisation of a single adjoining neurone. 6. These data characterise reliable communication of sub- and suprathreshold activity by electrical synapses enabling synchronised SPN firing which may contribute to generation of coherent sympathetic rhythms and promote summation of inputs to postganglionic neurones.
The Cinematic Representation of Child Soldiers in Liberia (2012)

In 2003, the film director Jean-Stephane Sauvaire became famous for Carlitos Medellin, a documentary film about the armed conflict between the street children and the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionaria...
Adsorption and surface reactions of thiophene on ZSM 5 zeolites (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdsorption and surface reactions of thiophene on ZSM 5 zeolitesCristina L. Garcia and Johannes A. LercherCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 6, 2669–2675Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/j100185a050RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views707Altmetric-Citations95LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-Alerts
Studies on the Drugs for Peptic Ulcer. A Reliable Method for Producing Stress Ulcer in Rats. (1964)

A simple and reliable method for production of gastric ulcer on rats by stress was described. Rats fixed on boards were immersed in water of 25°to the depth of xiphoide. After 20 hours, marked gastric erosions were found in the glandular portion of the stomach. This stress is more favourable than other stresses as cold, restraint, or emotional stress by stress box in view of incidence and mortality. Anticholinergics or central depressants effectively inhibited the ulceration and combination of both drugs suppressed it more effectively than single administration of each drug.
Structured methods for blind multi-channel identification (2002)

Blind channel identification is a subject that has received increased attention in the literature. We derive two novel subspace fitting algorithms that significantly improve the performance by utilizing knowledge of the pulse shaping filters. A numerical example is included to compare the new methods to the traditional subspace fitting method.
Reducing losses in distribution transformers (2003)

This paper examines three methods of reducing distribution transformer losses. The first method analyzes the effects of using aluminum electromagnetic shields in a distribution transformer. The goal of placing electromagnetic shields in the distribution-transformer tank walls is to reduce the stray losses. A 500 kVA shell-type transformer was used in the experiments. The overall results presented indicate that stray losses can be considerably reduced when electromagnetic shielding is applied in the transformer tank. In the experiment, the tank walls were lined with aluminum foil. The possibility of reducing the dielectric losses was shown through experiments in the second method. The third method of this work analyzes the behavior of wound-cores losses in distribution transformers, as a function of joint configuration design parameters. The joint configuration used in this paper is called step-lap joint.
Inconclusive triple diagnosis in breast cancer imaging: is there a place for scintimammography? (2005)

SM-SPECT is a useful complementary tool for the diagnosis and evaluation of disease extent in patients with an inconclusive triple diagnosis including fine-needle aspiration. The procedure altered the patient management in 49% of the population. These results must be confirmed in a prospective trial.
Clustering for Web information hierarchy mining (2004)

Benefiting from the growth of techniques of dynamic page generation, the amount and the complexity of Web pages increase explosively. The structures of Web pages which are dynamically generated by the same templates are thus similar to one another and are usually assembled by a set of fundamental information clusters These neighboring information clusters usually represent the similar semantics and form a larger cluster with the more generalized information. The hierarchical structure generated by information clusters in a bottom-up manner is called the information hierarchy of a page. We study the problem of mining the information hierarchies of pages in Web sites to recognize the information distribution of pages within the multilevel, multigranularity configurations. Explicitly, we propose an information clustering system that applies a top-down information centroid searching algorithm and a multigranularity centroid converging process on the document object model (DOM) trees of pages to build the information hierarchies of pages. Experiments on several real news Web sites show the high precision and recall rates of the proposed method on determining information clusters of pages and also validate its practical applicability to real Web sites.