gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production of <scp>l</scp> -Phenylalanine from <i>trans</i> -Cinnamic Acid with <i>Rhodotorula glutinis</i> Containing <scp>l</scp> -Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Activity (1981)

An enzymatic method using l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.5) for the rapid conversion of trans-cinnamic acid to l-phenylalanine has been investigated. With Rhodotorula glutinis, enzyme activity as high as 0.3 U/ml of culture broth was obtained. The enzyme activity was kept stable for a relatively long time during cultivation by the addition of l-isoleucine. Optimization of the parameters of the conversion reaction resulted in accumulation of 18 mg of l-phenylalanine per ml of reaction mixture. The conversion yield from trans-cinnamic acid was about 70%. The method may provide a rapid and practical way to produce l-phenylalanine useful as an essential amino acid.
Inactivation and Labeling of Triose Phosphate Isomerase and Enolase by Glycidol Phosphate (1969)

Abstract Glycidol-P is shown to inactivate muscle triose-P isomerase and muscle enolase. Both inactivations show saturation kinetics and protection by substrate or competitive inhibitor. Labeling of the proteins by 1 molecule of glycidol-P per catalytic subunit results in complete loss of enzymatic activity. Both labeled proteins respond to alkali and H2NOH treatment with liberation of all radioactivity, indicating that formation of esters of glycerol-P caused the inactivations.
Solving a multimodal transport problem by DCA (2008)

The combined transport appears as a promising alternative to road transportation for containers allocation. It possesses a strong potential market, conditioned by the development of its quality of service (improvement of the system, terminals, and service performances in terminals). Multimodal transport of containers can be an alternative to the road transportation but it requires to be competitive in term of quality of service and price. We address specifically the problem of optimizing container loading on trains in rail-rail trans-shipment shunting yard to minimize the frequency of transfers within yards. In such yards, trains succeed one another upon arrival and departure. Based on their final destination, containers are unloaded from their initial original train by automated handling systems, to be reloaded on a departing train at a defined place. It is discussed how to determine the initial loading place of containers on arriving trains and their reloading place on departing trains. Our primary goal is to minimize the frequency of transfers within a particular yard, the secondary goal is to complete the use of handling equipments. The problem is characterized as problem of minimum cost multicommodity network flow with binary variables, which are often difficult to solve to optimality The problem statement and its mathematical formulation are developed. They can be reformulated, thanks to exact penalty techniques in DC Programming, as a polyhedral DC Program and globally solved by a combination of the local algorithm DCA and B&B. Numerical simulations that show the efficiency of DCA and the combined DCA - Branch and Bound algorithm are reported.
Object manipulation with dextrous multi-finger hands: improved computation method (2002)

This paper deals with the two fundamental problems that occur when objects are manipulated with multi-finger robot hands: the determination of the joint motions to perform a manipulation according to a given object trajectory, and the optimization of the joint torques needed to ensure a stable and secure grip. The consideration of the effect of rolling and slipping of the fingertips at the contact points on the object surface leads to a set of linear differential equations for the joint angles and to a partly nonlinear optimization problem for the joint torques solved by the Hooke-Jeeves algorithm. The removal of redundant information reduces the computational effort to about 40% of the operations required for the standard procedure. Especially, the resulting object motions are demonstrated at an example: the rotation of an ellipsoid object with the fingers of the Karlsruhe dextrous hand.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Unsupervised Cross-Lingual Information Retrieval Using Monolingual Data Only (2018)

We propose a fully unsupervised framework for ad-hoc cross-lingual information retrieval (CLIR) which requires no bilingual data at all. The framework leverages shared cross-lingual word embedding spaces in which terms, queries, and documents can be represented, irrespective of their actual language. The shared embedding spaces are induced solely on the basis of monolingual corpora in two languages through an iterative process based on adversarial neural networks. Our experiments on the standard CLEF CLIR collections for three language pairs of varying degrees of language similarity (English-Dutch/Italian/Finnish) demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed fully unsupervised approach. Our CLIR models with unsupervised cross-lingual embeddings outperform baselines that utilize cross-lingual embeddings induced relying on word-level and document-level alignments. We then demonstrate that further improvements can be achieved by unsupervised ensemble CLIR models. We believe that the proposed framework is the first step towards development of effective CLIR models for language pairs and domains where parallel data are scarce or non-existent.
Influences of Ionomycin, Dibutyryl-cycloAMP and Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha on Intracellular Amount and Secretion of apM1 in Differentiating Primary Human Preadipocytes (2000)

3T3-L1-adipocytes produce the adipocyte complement related protein of 30 kD (Acrp30), which is also designated as AdipoQ. In order to study the expression and secretion of the human homologue of this protein, apM1 (adipose Most abundant gene transcript 1, also named gelatin-binding protein of 28 kD [GBP28] or adiponectin), a polyclonal antibody was produced. Both expression and secretion can be detected beginning with day 4 after induction of differentiation. The amount of expressed apM1 correlates with the specific activity of the differentiation marker glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Secretion of apM1 is increased by the addition of ionomycin. Both the nonhydrolysable dibutyryl-cycloAMP and tumour necrosis factor alpha reduce the expression and secretion of apM1.
The ionic channel of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is unable to differentiate between the optical antipodes of perhydrohistrionicotoxin (1983)

The enantiomers of perhydrohistrionicotoxin were studied in their effects on endplate currents recorded at the junctional region of sartorius muscles of Rana pipiens. The two optical antipodes progressively decreased the peak amplitude of the endplate currents and were indistinguishable from each other at all times. The enantiomers shortened equally the time constants for endplate current decay, but did not alter their voltage sensitivities. Although perhydrohistrionicotoxin contains 4 chiral centers, complete steric inversion does not alter its effects on the acetylcholine receptor-ion channel complex. By contrast the recognition site of the AcChR is extremely sensitive to any change in the chirality of agonists.
Spirality of Knitted Fabrics (1989)

We have investigated spirality in both dry and fully relaxed jersey fabrics produced from a series of relaxed spun yams. From this study, it is clear that spirality depends on feed density, machine cut, and loop shape, but the magnitude of spirality can be offset by the selection of yarn twist direction. In addition, we have shown that a reduction in yam "torque" can only partially reduce fabric spirality, but the use of plied yams and plaiting techniques may completely eliminate it. In three-end fleece fabrics, spirality can be substantially reduced by balancing the twist direction in the face and binder yams. We have also developed a theory to explain the mechanism of loop inclination and loop rotation in single knit fabrics.
Expression Profiles of Arabidopsis Phospholipase A IIA Gene in Response to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses (2003)

We examined the transcripts that showed changes among the ca.7,000 Arabidopsis full-length cDNAs under biotic and abiotic stresses. Expression of Arabidopsis phospholipase A IIA (AtPLA IIA) gene was induced by various treatments such as pathogen inoculation (Alternaria alternata, Alternaria brassicicola and Colletotrichum higginsianum), cold, high-salinity, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, ethephon, paraquat, rose bengal, UV-C and CuSO(4)-treatments. The regulation of AtPLA IIA gene expression under biotic and abiotic stresses was analyzed with AtPLA IIA promoter region (from +95 to -1,405) fused to the GUS reporter gene. In conclusion, the promoter activity is induced under these stresses.
Crossfeed problems in read-while-write tape heads (1997)

Three-dimensional finite element models have been utilized to simulate the crossfeed problems in read-while-write (RWW) tape heads, and the results have been compared with experimental measurements. The most significant contributors, such as shield structure, intershield spacing, and reproductive mode, have been identified. A new thin-film inductive/dual-magnetoresistive tape head design was found to reduce the crossfeed by about a factor of 30, compared with the conventional shared-pole design, which is the most favored approach for achieving simultaneous operation of the READ head and WRITE head.
Population Kinetics, Efficacy, and Safety of Dichloroacetate for Lactic Acidosis Due to Severe Malaria in Children (2003)

The authors conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of intravenous dichloroacetate (DCA) for the purpose of treating lactic acidosis in 124 West African children with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Lactic acidosis independently predicts mortality in severe malaria, and DCA stimulates the oxidative removal of lactate in vivo. A single infusion of 50 mg/kg DCA was well tolerated. When administered at the same time as a dose of intravenous quinine, DCA significantly increased the initial rate and magnitude of fall in blood lactate levels and did not interfere with the plasma kinetics of quinine. The authors developed a novel population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic indirect-response model for DCA that incorporated characteristics associated with disease reversal. The model describes the complex relationships among antimalarial treatment procedures, plasma DCA concentrations, and the drug's lactate-lowering effect. DCA significantly reduces the concentration of blood lactate, an independent predictor of mortality in malaria. Its prospective evaluation in affecting mortality in this disorder appears warranted.
Modulation of interleukin 2 receptor expression on normal human lymphocytes by thymic hormones. (1986)

The expression of interleukin 2 receptors (IL-2R) is a critical step leading to normal lymphocyte proliferation. Since thymosin fraction 5 (TF5), a thymic hormone preparation, enhances lymphoproliferative responses of human cells, we examined the effects of TF5 on the expression of IL-2R on mitogen-stimulated human lymphocytes. TF5 significantly increased the percentage and antigen density of cells expressing IL-2R after stimulation with an optimal concentration of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) when the cells from the same donor exhibited suboptimal responses to PHA alone. The same effect was observed with a suboptimal PHA concentration and with OKT3 monoclonal antibody stimulation. Thymosin alpha 1, a synthetic polypeptide originally isolated in its native form from TF5, was also able to increase IL-2R expression in response to PHA, suggesting that it is the active species in TF5. The enhancement of IL-2R expression was paralleled by increased proliferative responses. Increased IL-2R expression appears to be the direct effect of thymic hormones, since abrogation of interleukin 2 production by cyclosporin A did not affect TF5-mediated enhancement of PHA-induced IL-2R expression. These results point to a physiological role of thymic hormones in the maintenance of normal levels of IL-2R expression. This immunoregulatory activity of thymic hormones might be relevant in the treatment of conditions where there is decreased IL-2R expression, such as the acquired immune-deficiency syndrome, or in the restoration of normal IL-2R expression to lymphocytes from aged individuals.
Refractive corneal surgery with lasers (1996)

Laser refractive surgery is on one hand in a phase of consolidation regarding the routine treatment of mild to moderate myopia by means of spheric excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy. On the other hand, exciting new developments are taking place in the field of high myopia, myopic astigmatism, and new alternative lasers.
786. Polysaccharides of baker's yeast. Part III. The presence of 1 : 6-linkages in yeast glucan (1958)

S. Peat, J. R. Turvey and J. M. Evans, J. Chem. Soc., 1958, 3868 DOI: 10.1039/JR9580003868
Synthesis and characterization of manganese tetroxide (Mn3O4) nanofibers by electrospinning technique (2013)

Manganese tetroxide (Mn3O4) nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning homogeneous viscous solution of 20 wt%, 28 wt% and 36 wt% manganese acetate in poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) and calcining the nanofibers at 1000 °C for 2 h. Electrospinning was carried out at 9 kV DC with tip to collector distance (TCD) of 7 cm. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) of the fibers indicates the pure phase of manganese oxide above 500 °C. XRD analysis of calcined (at 1000 °C) nanofibers indicates the formation of phase-pure tetragonal Mn3O4. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies show the fibers cylindrical with the diameters in the range of 100–600 nm and aspect ratio > 1000. In general, the average diameter of the green fibers decreases with the increase in manganese acetate concentration. The diameter of calcined nanofibers is reduced by 34%.
Dehydroepiandrosterone and two structural analogs inhibit 12-<i>O</i>-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate stimulation of prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> content in mouse skin (1988)

Dehydroepiandrosterone, a naturally occurring adrenal steroid, is a highly effective tumor chemopreventive agent in laboratory mice and rats, inhibiting spontaneous breast cancer and chemically induced tumors of the lung, colon, skin, liver and thyroid. Dehydroepiandrosterone blocks three processes that have been implicated in experimental tumorigenesis: (i) carcinogen activation through the mixed-function oxidases, (ii) 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate stimulation of superoxide anion production in neutrophils, and (iii) 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation in mouse epidermis. All of these effects of dehydroepiandrosterone very likely result from glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibition and a lowering of the NADPH cellular pool. It is now reported that oral administration of dehydroepiandrosterone (0.2% in the diet) for two weeks inhibits the stimulation in prostaglandin E2 content in mouse epidermis produced by topical application of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Two synthetic steroids, 16 alpha-fluoro-5-androsten-17-one and 16 alpha-fluoro-5 alpha-androstan-17-one, which are more potent inhibitors of the above three processes in tumorigenesis and are also more effective than dehydroepiandrosterone in inhibiting skin papilloma development in the mouse, are more active in suppressing prostaglandin E2 induction by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate. These two structural analogs, which also lack specific side-effects associated with dehydroepiandrosterone treatment, may find application as cancer chemopreventive drugs in humans.
Multi-address Interface in the Socket API (2010)

This document specifies a new address family to be used for sockets
that are bound to more than one IP address, as motivated by the
Multipath TCP work in the IETF. The goal is to use the same set of
function calls as traditionally, but by new address family make it
possible for them to express multiple addresses to connect or bind to.
The document gives a high-level definition of the behavior of the
traditional function calls, but a detailed specification of the API
syntax is not in the scope of this document.
David B. Whitehouse (1941–2013) (2013)

at the age of 71.A great and innovative scholar, he was also a courteous and gently entertaining person.Despite being the key expert on ancient Roman, medieval and Islamic glass, he remained an extremely modest person, very generous with his knowledge and time, as many younger scholars were to appreciate.
Absorption and emission spectra and triplet decay of some aromatic and N-heterocyclic compounds in polymethylmethacrylate (1970)

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is a convenient solvent for studies of the fluorescence, phosphorescence, and triplet-triplet absorption of a number of aromatic hydrocarbons and N-heterocyclic compounds. Theoretical assignments of some triplet states are discussed briefly. Triplet lifetimes of the solutes have been determined at 77 and 293 K by phosphorescence decay measurements and by kinetic spectrophotometry. Non-exponential decays of compounds with triplet lifetimes less than 0.1 s at 293 K have been attributed to diffusion-controlled quenching reactions occurring in low viscosity regions in the polymer.
Carbon dioxide in supermarket refrigeration. Doctoral thesis. (2008)

This doctoral thesis theoretically and experimentally investigates different aspects of the application of CO2 in supermarket refrigeration. Theoretical analysis has been performed using computer simulation models developed to simulate CO2 indirect, NH3/CO2 cascade, CO2 transcritical and direct expansion R404A systems. The models supported the selection of the CO2 system solutions to be tested experimentally and facilitated the design of NH3/CO2 cascade and transcritical system test rigs. Performance evaluation and systems' optimizations have also been carried out. Extract from the table of contents: CO2 as a refrigerant (properties; comparison with other refrigerants; applications); CO2 in supermarket refrigeration (system solutions; examples; comparative studies); description of computer simulation models (indirect, cascade, and transcritical systems, DX R404A); simulation calculations and results (transcritical CO2 system solutions; comparisons); analysis of experimental results (case study; cascade system test rig; experimental versus calculated results); safety aspects (safety characteristics of CO2, case study; risk analysis in the shopping area and in the machine room); conclusions and suggestions for future work. The thesis can be downloaded from: kth.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?searchId=2&pid=diva2:13782.
Reaction of the Human Tibia to Bone Wax (1984)

In 12 patients treated by elevation of the tibial tubercle, bone wax was used to prevent bleeding from the cut surface. Biopsy specimens of the tissues obtained at the time of removal of the screws, five to 13 months after the operation, showed a definite foreign body giant cell reaction. Giant cells endocytosed bone wax from the site. The giant cell response culminated in a marked fibrous reaction.
Eyeing your exposure (2011)

A large body of research has focused on disclosure policies for controlling information release in social sharing (e.g., location-based) applications. However, less work has considered how exposed these policies actually leave users; i.e., to what extent are disclosures in compliance with these policies actually being made? For instance, consider a disclosure policy granting Alice's coworkers access to her location during work hours. Alice might feel that this policy appropriately controls her exposure, but may feel differently if she learned that her boss was accessing her location every 5 minutes. In addition to specifying who has access to personal information, users need a way to quantify, interpret, and control the extent to which this data is shared.
Impaired intervertebral disc formation in the absence of<i>Jun</i> (2002)

Jun is a major component of the heterodimeric transcription factor AP-1 and is essential for embryonic development, as foetuses that lack Jun die at mid-gestation. Ubiquitous mosaic inactivation of a conditional Junallele by cre/LoxP-mediated recombination was used to screen for novel functions of Jun and revealed that its absence results in severe malformations of the axial skeleton. More-specific Jun deletion by collagen2a1-cre demonstrated the essential function of Jun in the notochord and sclerotome. Mutant notochordal cells showed increased apoptosis, resulting in hypocellularity of the intervertebral discs. Subsequently, fusion of vertebral bodies caused a scoliosis of the axial skeleton. Thus, Junis required for axial skeletogenesis by regulating notochord survival and intervertebral disc formation.
Control of MEMS-Based Scanning-Probe Data-Storage Devices (2007)

Micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS)-based scanning-probe data-storage devices are emerging as potential ultra-high-density, low-access-time, and low-power alternative to conventional data storage. Nanoscale accuracy and short latency in the navigation of the probes are the primary control challenges in probe-storage applications. This paper focuses on the control design to address these challenges in a probe-based storage prototype using a micro-scanner as the nanopositioner for the storage medium. Experimental results demonstrate remarkably short seek times on the order of 1 ms for the worst-case seek operations. Moreover, a thermal-sensor-based approach is compared with a two-sensor-control configuration employing both the global-position information from the thermal sensors and the medium-derived position information. Drift and low-frequency noise can affect the performance of the thermal-sensor-based control scheme over long periods of operation. This is addressed by the second scheme, a novel control architecture based on the Hinfin control framework that uses the best measurement in each of the frequency regions.
Duo Plasmatron Ion Source for Use in Accelerators (1959)

Evaluations of various sources for accelerator use at proton currents above 10 ma indicate that a variation of Von Ardenne's Duo Plasmatron will give performance superior to that of any other source presently available. Operating characteristics for various sizes of the source have been examined for H1+, H2+, H3+, H1−, He+, and He++ ions and electrons. Experience with protons in the current range from 1 to 30 ma indicates that the Duo Plasmatron can deliver up to 100 amp/cm2 of exit aperture area. Current densities such as this cannot be maintained in the accelerator-extractor section because of space charge forces, even at the highest gradients normally available for well-polished electrodes in vacuum; thus it can be said that proton current densities will be space-charge-limited by the accelerator rather than emission-limited by the source. Operation for He+ ions and electrons is similar to proton operation. Currents of 11 μa of H1− ions and 5 μa of He++ ions were extracted directly from a source which had been designed for a proton current of several milliamperes. The most striking features of the Duo Plasmatron are its remarkably high brilliance, high gas efficiency, good power economy, and compactness.