gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasma Radiation Shielding (1965)

A new scheme is suggested which is intended to make possible the maintenance of a space vehicle at a potential of several hundred million volts above its surroundings. Such a vehicle would be electrostatically shielded against high energy incident protons, but would attract electrons from the interplanetary plasma. The key to the maintenance of the potential is the control of these electrons by a magnetic field. The magnetic field strength required to control these electrons is far less than the strength required to control energetic protons. As a result, engineering estimates of the weight of this device show that if offers the possibility of a substantially increased shielded volume per unit weight. The number of electrons which must be tied to magnetic field lines in the vicinity of the vehicle is large enough so that collective motions resembling those found in plasma physics may be present. The outstanding uncertainty associated with the device is the question of the stability of this electron cloud in the electromagnetic field. No definitive statement can be made on this subject at present. (Author)
Influence of orally fed a select mixture of Bacillus probiotics on intestinal T-cell migration in weaned MUC4 resistant pigs following Escherichia coli challenge (2016)

Efficient strategies for treating enteritis caused by F4(+) enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)/verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC)/enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) in mucin 4 resistant (MUC4 RR; supposed to be F4ab/ac receptor-negative [F4ab/acR(-)]) pigs remain elusive. A low (3.9 × 10(8) CFU/day) or high (7.8 × 10(8) CFU/day) dose of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis spore mixture (BLS-mix) was orally administered to MUC4 RR piglets for 1 week before F4(+) ETEC/VTEC/EPEC challenge. Orally fed BLS-mix upregulated the expression of TLR4, NOD2, iNOS, IL-8, and IL-22 mRNAs in the small intestine of pigs challenged with E. coli. Expression of chemokine CCL28 and its receptor CCR10 mRNAs was upregulated in the jejunum of pigs pretreated with high-dose BLS-mix. Low-dose BLS-mix pretreatment induced an increase in the proportion of peripheral blood CD4(-)CD8(-) T-cell subpopulations and high-dose BLS-mix induced the expansion of CD4(-)CD8(-) T cells in the inflamed intestine. Immunostaining revealed that considerable IL-7Rα-expressing cells accumulated at the lamina propria of the inflamed intestines after E. coli challenge, even in pigs pretreated with either low- or high-dose BLS-mix, although Western blot analysis of IL-7Rα expression in the intestinal mucosa did not show any change. Our data indicate that oral administration of the probiotic BLS-mix partially ameliorates E. coli-induced enteritis through facilitating upregulation of intestinal IL-22 and IκBα expression, and preventing loss of intestinal epithelial barrier integrity via elevating ZO-1 expression. However, IL-22 also elicits an inflammatory response in inflamed intestines as a result of infection with enteropathogenic bacteria.
Multicasting based topology generation and core mapping for a power efficient networks-on-chip (2007)

Networks-on-Chip (NoC) is an emerging alternative for system integration that is projected to meet the growing communication demands for future System-on-Chips. Compared to the bus-based systems, traditional NoCs do not have versatile data transfer capabilities like broadcasting. Multi2 Router is a Multi Local Port Router (MLPR) architecture that has multicast feature in-built inside the router elements of an MLPR-based NoC. In this research,we present an NoC configuration generation approach exploiting the multicast feature. Compared to the traditional single port based unicast transfers, we observe an average of 50% packet reduction (maximum of 74% using 9 Local Port (LP) router, in benchmark p3), across a set of benchmarks. On an average, when compared to the traditional 1 LP unicast router, there is a 16% reduction in the execution time and 35% reduction (maximum of 67% in benchmark p4) in total power consumption. The results show the promise of the proposed scheme, and thus, help to realize power-efficient Networks-on-Chip.
Frame synchronisation for frequency redundant transmission of data over power lines (2002)

Systems for packet oriented transmission of data over power lines use characteristic patterns-so-called preambles-to mark the beginning of a data frame. Transmission over noisy channels, such as power lines calls for robustness for the detection of these preambles. On one hand this robustness is achieved by the use of spread spectrum techniques, on the other hand by introduction of error-tolerant preamble detection algorithms. Besides the basic selection of a detection strategy, the choice of a suitable preamble sequence and careful choice of thresholds play an important role for the overall performance of the frame synchronisation. This paper evaluates different strategies for preamble detection, examine the dependencies on the mentioned parameters, and make proposals towards an optimum.
Reginald Pecock: a tolerant man in an age of intolerance (1984)

Reginald Pecock, bishop of St. Asaph and subsequently of Chichester, has surely been one of the most misrepresented of men. Condemned in his later years as a heretic, he was grossly misunderstood by that garrulous prophet of doom, Thomas Gascoigne, who described him as this ‘Pacock’ who loosed arrows at the sun, one of which by the just judgment of God fell upon his own head. John Foxe allotted him a place as a protestant confessor and Father Robert Parsons wished the martyrologist joy of one who had [allegedly] denied three articles of the Creed and ‘perjuriously abjured’ against his conscience.
Investition und regionales Wirtschaftswachstum (1966)

Investitionen beinhalten die Aktivierung von Produktionsfaktoren zur Erweiterung, Verbesserung oder Erhaltung des Produktionsmittelbestandes einer Volkswirtschaft1. Die Einflüsse von Netto- und Reinvestitionen — in ihrer Gesamtheit die Bruttoinvestition — wirken auf den Industrialisierungsprozefß unterschiedlich und vielschichtig. Wir wollen unser Hauptaugenmerk darauf richten, wie sie den Industrialisierungsprozeß in Form des regionalen wirtschaftlichen Wachstumsprozesses „lenken“ und ihm räumliche Gestalt verleihen. Wie bei jeder langfristigen regionalen Wachstumstheorie werden die mannigfachen Entwicklungsfaktoren, die weitgehend mit den Standortfaktoren identisch sind, operational zu definieren sein.
Development of a humidifier for patient ventilation using a semi-permeable tube to minimize system condensate (1992)

Condensation in the external airways of patient ventilation systems using conventional warm-water humidifiers increases the risk of bacterial contamination. Condensate formation can be reduced by heating the external airway and reducing the length of tubing between the patient and humidifier. The method described incorporates the humidifying element within the interconnecting tubing itself. Air is supplied through two semi-permeable tubes, of polytetrafluoroethylene, which are encased in an outer shell. A warm-water jacket is maintained in the shell; this is the source of heat and water vapour which diffuses through the semi-permeable tube wall and into the patient's air supply. An evaluation of performance and an initial clinical trial are reported.
How Does the Financial Crisis Affect Volatility Behavior and Transmission Among European Stock Markets? (2013)

The spread of the global financial crisis of 2008/2009 was rapid, and impacted the functioning and the performance of financial markets. Due to the importance of this phenomenon, this study aims to explain the impact of the crisis on stock market behavior and interdependence through the study of the intraday volatility transmission. This paper investigates the patterns of linkage dynamics among three European stock markets—France, Germany, and the UK—during the global financial crisis, by analyzing the intraday dynamics of linkages among these markets during both calm and turmoil phases. We apply a VAR-EGARCH (Vector Autoregressive Exponential General Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity) framework to high frequency five-minute intraday returns on selected representative stock indices. We find evidence that interrelationship among European markets increased substantially during the period of crisis, pointing to an amplification of spillovers. In addition, during this period, French and UK markets herded around German market, possibly explained by behavior factors influencing the stock markets on or near dates of extreme events. Germany was identified as the hub of financial and economic activity in Europe during the period of study. These findings have important implications for both policymakers and investors by contributing to better understanding the transmission of financial shocks in Europe.
Low-temperature synthesis of large-area graphene-based transparent conductive films using surface wave plasma chemical vapor deposition (2011)

We present a low-temperature (300–400 °C), large-area (23 cm×20 cm) and efficient synthesis method for graphene-based transparent conductive films using surface wave plasma chemical vapor deposition. The films consist of few-layer graphene sheets. Their transparency and conductivity characteristics make them suitable for practical electrical and optoelectronic applications, which have been demonstrated by the proper operation of a touch panel fabricated using the films. The results confirm that our method could be suitable for the industrial mass production of macroscopic-scale graphene-based films.
Variability of Spirometry in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2006)

Absolute changes in FEV(1) rather than percent change should be used to determine whether patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have improved or worsened between test sessions.
2′,3′-Dideoxycytidine Preferentially Inhibits in vitro Growth of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Forming Cells from Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (1991)

The effect of three nucleoside analogs, including 2-methyl-2'-deoxyadenosine (MDA), 5-amino-2'-deoxyuridine (ADU) and 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (DDC) on colony formation from unfractionated human bone marrow obtained from volunteers expressing parameters typical for normal cells (NBM) and from patients with the diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CMLBM) was observed. For the clonal growth of granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFC), a semisolid fibrin clot culture medium supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum and 10% human placental conditioned medium was used. DDC has been shown to be at least a 10-fold more potent inhibitor for the growth of GM-CFC from CMLBM than from NBM. On the other hand, the effect of MDA and ADU on CMLBM did not differ markedly from the effect on NBM. These results suggest that DDC inhibits preferentially progenitor cells from CMLBM.
Personalizing Web Page Recommendation via Collaborative Filtering and Topic-Aware Markov Model (2010)

Web-page recommendation is to predict the next request of pages that Web users are potentially interested in when surfing the Web. This technique can guide Web users to find more useful pages without asking for them explicitly and has attracted much attention in the community of Web mining. However, few studies on Web page recommendation consider personalization, which is an indispensable feature to meet various preferences of users. In this paper, we propose a personalized Web page recommendation model called PIGEON (abbr. for PersonalIzed web paGe rEcommendatiON) via collaborative filtering and a topic-aware Markov model. We propose a graph-based iteration algorithm to discover users' interested topics, based on which user similarities are measured. To recommend topically coherent pages, we propose a topic-aware Markov model to learn users' navigation patterns which capture both temporal and topical relevance of pages. A thorough experimental evaluation conducted on a large real dataset demonstrates PIGEON's effectiveness and efficiency.
Automatic calibration for 3-D free-hand ultrasound (1997)

3-D free-hand ultrasound is a new imaging technique which is rapidly nding clinical applications. A position sensing device is attachedtoaconventional ultrasound probe, so that as B-scans are acquired they can be labelled with their relative positions and orientations. This allows the B-scans to be inserted into a 3-D voxel array, which can then be visualised using any-plane slicing, volume rendering or surface rendering. Akey requirement of all free-hand imaging systems is calibration: determining the position and orientation of the B-scan with respect to the position sensor. This is typically a lengthy andtedious process, which may need repeating every time a sensor is mounted on a probe. This paper describes a new calibration technique, which takes only a few minutes to perform and produces more accurate and repeatable results than all previously published alternatives. 1
Using source code metrics to predict change-prone Java interfaces (2011)

Recent empirical studies have investigated the use of source code metrics to predict the change- and defect-proneness of source code files and classes. While results showed strong correlations and good predictive power of these metrics, they do not distinguish between interface, abstract or concrete classes. In particular, interfaces declare contracts that are meant to remain stable during the evolution of a software system while the implementation in concrete classes is more likely to change. This paper aims at investigating to which extent the existing source code metrics can be used for predicting change-prone Java interfaces. We empirically investigate the correlation between metrics and the number of fine-grained source code changes in interfaces of ten Java open-source systems. Then, we evaluate the metrics to calculate models for predicting change-prone Java interfaces. Our results show that the external interface cohesion metric exhibits the strongest correlation with the number of source code changes. This metric also improves the performance of prediction models to classify Java interfaces into change-prone and not change-prone.
Pentose Reactions. III. Xylan (1933)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPentose Reactions. III. XylanCharles D. Hurd and Neill R. CurrieCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1933, 55, 4, 1521–1523Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1933Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1933https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01331a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01331a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views89Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A 10 MHz BW 50 fJ/conv. continuous time &#x0394;&#x03A3; modulator with high-order single opamp integrator using optimization-based design method (2012)

This paper proposes a new power and area efficient circuit configurations, and also an optimization design method for such configurations. Two types of loopfilters are fabricated, one is a third-order integrator with single opamp for mobile TV-tuners (Modulator A) and the other is a fourth-order (Modulator B) for wide-band mobile receivers. Modulator A and Modulator B are fabricated in 65 nm and 40 nm CMOS processes, respectively. Results show that the new filter with an efficient optimization tool is a very powerful way to develop high efficient ΔΣ.
[Efficacy of 5-nitroimidazole derivatives in treatment of bacterial vaginosis]. (2008)

Combination of oral and vaginal administration of 5-nitroimidazole derivatives is more effective in treatment of BV than oral administration only.
The effect of HA, TCP and ALCAP bioceramic capsules on the viability of human monocyte and monocyte derived macrophages. (1996)

The relationship between various bioceramics used in surgical implantation and inflammatory cellular response has not been fully elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various biomedical ceramics such as tricalcium phosphate (TCP), hydroxyapatite (HA), and aluminum-calcium-phosphorous oxide (ALCAP) on the adherence and viability of human monocyte and monocyte derived macrophages in vitro. The monocytes were isolated from human peripheral blood and seeded at a density of 5 x 10(5) cells/well according to standard laboratory procedures. Cells were considered macrophages after remaining in culture for 24 hours. Cells were then plated in each microtiter well loaded with ceramic capsules (HA, TCP and ALCAP) and buffered control. At the end of 1, 2, 3, and 7 days the viability and cell number of monocyte or monocyte derived macrophages were determined using an established assay. Cell number was determined in control wells with known amounts of cell number, a standard curve was generated by plotting absorbance units versus cell number. Biochemical analysis was performed on the aliquots obtained from the experimental and control wells at the end of each phase of the investigation. The data from this experiment suggest that: (I) monocytes and macrophages are capable of adhering to the surface of HA, TCP and ALCAP in an in vitro environment for over a 7 day period. (II) Long term incubation of ceramic capsules with macrophages revealed that the cells experienced gradual disassociation phenomenon with a greater number of cell detachment seen in the ALCAP contained wells. (III) SEM analysis of representative capsules demonstrated that there is an increase in the number of micropores on the surface of the materials after contacting a cellular environment. This observation suggest that the material surface has been modified (TCP > HA = ALCAP). (IV) Biochemical analysis of aliquots at the end of each phase showed a significant change (P < 0.05) in the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Information obtained from this study provided new insights on the interrelationship between bioceramics and the possible cell response during chronic inflammation at the site of implantation.
Concerted or Stepwise Mechanisms for Acyl Transfer Reactions of p-Nitrophenyl Acetate? Transition State Structures from Isotope Effects (1994)

Isotope effects have been measured for the acyl transfer reactions of p-nitrophenyl acetate (PNPA) with the oxyanion nucleophiles hydroxide, phenolate, and the anion of hexafluoroisopropyl alcohol; with the sulfur anions of mercaptoethanol and methyl 3-mercaptopropionate; and with the nitrogen nucleophile methoxyethylamine. The kinetic isotope effects measured were the oxygen-18 isotope effects in the carbonyl oxygen, 18kcarbonyl, and in the phenolic oxygen atom of the leaving group, 18klg; the ��-deuterium isotope effect in the acetyl group, Dk, and the nitrogen-15 isotope effect in the leaving group, 15k. The equilibrium phenolic oxygen-18 (18Keq = 1.0277 ± 0.0007) and nitrogen-15 (15Keq = 1.0016 ± 0.0006) isotope effects for the equilibrium between p-nitrophenolate anion and PNPA were also determined. The 15k and 18klg kinetic isotope effects for the hydroxide reaction with PNPA are smaller than for the other oxyanion nucleophiles, suggesting an earlier transition state. For the other oxyanion nucleophiles 15k was about 1.0010, versus near unity for the sulfur nucleophiles; 18kcarbonyl for oxyanions ranged from 1.0039 to 1.0058; versus from 1.0117 to 1.0119 for thiolates. Values for 18klg were between 1.0182 and 1.0210 for oxyanions, and 1.0172 and 1.0219 for thiolates. The Dk effects were between 0.9481 and 0.9617 for oxyanions, and 0.9765 and 0.9780 for thiolates. The transition state structures implied by these data are consistent with studies by others using phenolate nucleophiles which concluded that the acyl transfer process is concerted, with no intermediate. The isotope effect data indicate that the transition state for the reaction with phenolate is not substantively different from that with an aliphatic oxyanion nucleophile of similar pKa. The reactions with thiolate nucleophiles have a considerably different transition state structure, characterized by greater loss of the carbonyl ��-bond and the maintenance of more positive charge on the carbonyl carbon atom. The degree of transition state bond cleavage to the leaving group is similar for oxyanion and thiolate nucleophiles. Acyl transfer to the nitrogen nucleophile methoxyethylamine gave 15k = 1.0011, 18klg = 1.0330, 18kcarbonyl = 1.0064, and Dk = 0.9682. These data require that bond fission to the leaving group is well advanced in the rate-limiting step.
pH-Triggered softening of crosslinked hydrogen-bonded capsules (2006)

We report here the first AFM single capsule mechanical measurements on hydrogen-bonded polymeric multilayer microcapsules made of poly(vinylpyrrolidone)/poly(methacrylic acid) (PVPON/PMAA) and of poly(-vinylpyrrolidone-co-NH-20)/poly(methacrylic acid) (PVPON-co-NH-20/PMAA), as well as of capsules derived from these systems chemical crosslinking. The stiffness of the non-crosslinked hydrogen-bonded capsules was found to be proportional to the square of the wall thickness which is in agreement with previous observations on other multilayer capsules and continuum mechanical theory. The found elastic modulus of 610 MPa for low pH (= 2) is typical for a highly stable, glass-like structure similar to electrostatically bound multilayers. At pH > 6, (PMAA) capsules obtained through chemical crosslinking of hydrogen-bonded (PVPON/PMAA) multilayers, or crosslinked (PVPON-co-NH-20/PMAA) capsules showed a sharp hundreds-fold stiffness decrease to ∼1 mN/m which was orders of magnitude lower than those reported earlier for polymeric multilayer systems. pH-Triggered softening was reversible and highly reproducible. Softening of both (PMAA) and (PVPON-co-NH-20/PMAA) crosslinked capsules resulted from increased PMAA ionization, and additional dissociation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds occurred in the case of (PVPON-co-NH-20/PMAA) crosslinked system.
A simple continuous-time equalizer for use in magnetic storage read channels (1992)

A four-pole continuous-time equalizer has been developed to minimize the error rate in rigid-disk magnetic storage channels employing peak detection at high recording densities. The design process consisted of two parts. A nominal model of the disk drive characteristics in the time and frequency domains was obtained from digitized waveforms at the output of a read-head amplifier in a disk drive system. The relative performance of candidate equalizers was studied by subjecting them to the measured data waveforms and then either estimating or measuring the resulting bit error rate in a simulated peak detector, operating on the equalized waveforms. The equalizer outperforms more complex structures proposed for this task and is well suited for implementation as an analog CMOS active filter with low power dissipation. Its constellation of four poles and a zero appears to be useful for several types of magnetic media.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
45. Pseudo-tetrahedral structure of some α-branched copper(<scp>II</scp>) chelates with Schiff bases (1964)

L. Sacconi and M. Ciampolini, J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 276 DOI: 10.1039/JR9640000276