gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Linear low-density polyethylene synthesis promoted by homogeneous and supported catalysts (1999)

Linear low-density polyethylenes (LLDPEs) were obtained through the copolymerization of ethylene with 1-hexene using (nBuCp)2ZrCl2 co-catalyzed by methylaluminoxane (MAO). For comparative reasons, the same metallocene was supported on silica (0.85 wt%Zr/SiO2) by grafting. The copolymerizations were performed in toluene, at 1.6 bar of ethylene, 60 °C and in an Al/Zr molar ratio of 2500. The 1-hexene concentration varied from 0 to 0.50 mol L−1. The resulting copolymers were characterized by GPC, DSC and 13C NMR. The catalytic activities remained close to 2 × 107 and 7 × 106 (g pol) mol Zr−1 bar−1 h−1 for the homogeneous and supported systems, respectively. For the homogeneous system, the catalytic activity and the comonomer incorporation increased with the 1-hexene concentration up to 0.30 mol l−1. Higher comonomer concentrations led to a decrease in catalytic activity in the case of the homogeneous system. The highest comonomer incorporation (6.3 mol%) was achieved with 0.50 mol l−1 of 1-hexene in the reaction medium. The supported system afforded lower comonomer incorporations (maximum 4.0 mol%). The effect of the 1-hexene incorporation can also be evaluated through the polymer properties, namely, crystallinity, melting temperature, molecular weight and polydispersity. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry
Providing good memory cues for people with episodic memory impairment (2007)

Alzheimer's disease impairs episodic memory and subtly and progressively robs people of their ability to remember their recent experiences. In this paper, we describe two studies that lead to a better understanding of how caregivers use cues to support episodic memory impairment and what types of cues are best for supporting recollection. We also show how good memory cues differ between people with and without episodic memory impairment. We discuss how this improved understanding impacts the design of lifelogging technologies for automatically capturing and extracting the best memory cues to assist overburdened caregivers and people with episodic memory impairment in supporting recollection of episodic memory.
A Simple Polymeric Precursor Strategy for the Syntheses of Complex Zirconium and Hafnium‐Based Ultra High‐Temperature Silicon‐Carbide Composite Ceramics (2008)

Pyrolyses of chemical precursor systems composed of zirconium or hafnium powders dispersed into blends of the polymethylcarbosilane and poly(norbornenyldecaborane) preceramic polymers provide simple efficient routes to new types of ZrB 2 /ZrC/SiC and HfB 2 /HfC/SiC composites. Further extensions of this method should now allow the syntheses of a wide variety of complex potential ultra high‐temperature zirconium‐ and hafnium‐based composite materials with controllable tuning of their compositions, microstructures, and/or stabilities.
A Survey on Chip to System Reverse Engineering (2016)

The reverse engineering (RE) of electronic chips and systems can be used with honest and dishonest intentions. To inhibit RE for those with dishonest intentions (e.g., piracy and counterfeiting), it is important that the community is aware of the state-of-the-art capabilities available to attackers today. In this article, we will be presenting a survey of RE and anti-RE techniques on the chip, board, and system levels. We also highlight the current challenges and limitations of anti-RE and the research needed to overcome them. This survey should be of interest to both governmental and industrial bodies whose critical systems and intellectual property (IP) require protection from foreign enemies and counterfeiters who possess advanced RE capabilities.
Integrated Approach for a Knowledge-Based Process Layout for Simultaneous 5-Axis Milling of Advanced Materials (2011)

Advanced materials, like nickel-based alloys, gain importance in turbomachinery manufacturing, where creating complex surfaces constitute a major challenge. However, milling strategies that provide high material removal rates at acceptable tooling costs demand optimized tool geometry and process parameter selection. In this paper, a description of circular milling is given, focusing on resulting engagement conditions. Regarding this, a test bench was designed to investigate the chip formation process in an analogy milling process. Furthermore, the methodology for the approach in the analogy process was developed. Results of a first test run in Inconel 718 verify the presented approach.
Pathophysiology of lightning injury to the nervous system (1992)

This chapter outlines the lesions thought to underlie the symptoms and signs of lightning injury. Central to a discussion of pathophysiology are the mechanisms by which the lightning stroke affects the body. In all lightning injury, one of several physical mechanisms operates, and conceivably combinations of these. Direct strike obviously portends the greatest damage, with stride potential due to earth potential rise being the least harmful. Touch potential and side-flash impingement may be thought of as variants of direct strike, but of lesser magnitude. The strokes were approximately 40 ms apart, three in number, and were applied directly to the animal's head via a needle. Energy input alone was examined, and no account was taken of synchrony with the cardiac cycle — especially the probability of transgressing the vulnerable window of late repolarization. Other effects have been proposed for the effects of lightning damage to tissue, including heating effects.
Coupling of DTPA to proteins: a critical analysis of the cyclic dianhydride method in the case of insulin modification (1992)

The reaction between the cyclic dianhydride of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), a bifunctional reagent, and proteins under various conditions was studied using porcine insulin as a model protein. The reaction was compared with that between citraconic anhydride, a monofunctional reagent, and insulin. Products were characterized chromatographically and electrophoretically before and after deesterification by hydroxylamine. A DTPA-conjugated product was further characterized by proteolytic fragmentation. The reaction with citraconic anhydride yielded the expected number of products exclusively acylated on amino groups. In contrast, the reaction with the cyclic dianhydride of DTPA under all conditions examined yielded a much higher number of products than expected. Among the products formed were O-acylated ones and products of intermolecular cross-linking. It is concluded that the use of the cyclic dianhydride of DTPA does not allow the reliable preparation of proteins or other macromolecules conjugated with a high number of DTPA molecules in which each molecule of DTPA is linked to one amino group of the macromolecule through a single amide bond.
User-friendly system for recognition of activities with an accelerometer (2010)

Monitoring of a person's daily activities can provide valuable information for health care and prevention and can be an important supportive application in the field of ambient assisted living (AAL). The goals of this study are the classification of postures and activities using knowledge-based meth
RF Performance of InAlN/GaN HFETs and MOSHFETs With <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX"> $f_{T} \times L_{G}$</tex></formula> up to 21 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{GHz}\cdot \mu\hbox{m}$</tex> </formula> (2010)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The RF performance of lattice-matched InAlN/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistors (HFETs) and <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{Al}_{2}\hbox{O}_{3}$</tex></formula>/InAlN/GaN metal–oxide–semiconductor HFETs (MOSHFETs) with varied gate length was evaluated. The current gain cutoff frequency <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$f_{T}$</tex></formula> and the maximum oscillation frequency <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$f_{\max}$</tex></formula> for the HFETs with 0.3-<formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\mu\hbox{m}$</tex></formula> gate length were 54 and 58 GHz, respectively. An increase of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$f_{T}$</tex></formula> to 61 GHz and of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$f_{ \max}$</tex></formula> to 70 GHz was obtained for the MOSHFETs. The HFETs and MOSHFETs with different gate length yielded an <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$f_{T} \times L_{G}$</tex></formula> product of 18 and 21 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{GHz}\cdot\mu\hbox{m}$</tex></formula>, respectively. These are higher values than reported yet on InAlN/GaN devices and similar to those known for AlGaN/GaN HFETs. </para>
On traffic types and service classes in the Internet (2002)

In today's Internet, various traffic types having different characteristics and requirements (e.g., voice, video, best effort) share the same resources. In order to provide services that an appropriate to each, both the IETF and IEEE 802 have proposed a support for traffic differentiation. In both cases, service classes corresponding to separate queues an identified, and packets an marked according to their class, which in turn defines the treatment they will get at each hop in the network. Using realistic models to represent each of the various traffic types, we identify those that can be mixed in the same queue without bearing a significant loss in throughput; correspondingly, we make recommendations on how to map different traffic types to the available service classes.
Removal of pain-relieving drugs from aqueous solutions using Octolig and selected metalloligs (2015)

The possibility of removing certain pharmaceuticals (acetaminophen and naproxen) from water was tested using Octolig, a commercially available material with polyethylenediimine moieties covalently attached to high-surface area silica gel. In addition, the efficacy of two transition metals (cupric and ferric) derivatives of Octolig was tested. Previously amoxicillin had been successfully subjected to column chromatography for removal by means of ion encapsulation, the effectiveness of which would depend upon having appropriate anionic functional groups. Both pharmaceuticals were removed by passage over Octolig columns, though with less effectiveness than was achieved previously with xanthenylbenzenes or selected food dyes. Somewhat greater removal, ca 90%, was achieved using Cuprilig, the copper(II) derivative, but not with Ferrilig the iron(III) derivative, perhaps because the hydroxide counter ion was more closely associated with the transition metal ion and was not available to assist in proton removal.
Organic‐inorganic polymer hybrids (1992)

Abstract The present article describes a group of new materials by the combination between organic polymer and silica gel, one of typical inorganic substances. Characteristics of these materials exist in the dimension of blending of the two components, i.e., blending at the molecular level dispersion. The new materials are transparent glassy ones, which are well expressed by a word of “Hybrid”. The hybrids are readily prepared by the sol‐gel reaction of Si(OEt) 4 , the precursor of silica gel, in the presence of an organic polymer which consists of a repeating unit containing ‐N(R)‐C(=O)‐ group (R=hydrogen or alkyl), i.e., N ‐alkyl or N,N ‐dialkyl substituted carboxyl amide, urea and urethane groups. Hydrogen‐bond between the above group of organic polymer component and silanol group which is a key intermediate of the sol‐gel reaction plays an important role to form a homogeneous transparent material. The formation of hydrogen bond has been established by FT‐IR spectrum, i.e., the shift of vC=O absorption. Calcination of the transparent hybrid produces another interesting material of highly porous silica gel. At a higher temperature, e.g. 600°C, the organic polymer is decomposed but the framework of silica gel remains unchanged. Thus, the space which organic polymer occupies becomes a pore. The new porous silica gel is characterized by a high surface area of inner surface (∼ 810 m 2 /g) and a pore size of diameter around 20 Å.
Demasking of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) on circulating epithelial tumor cells by Tween®20 treatment in breast cancer patients (2011)

Abstract The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) embedded in the plasma membrane of circulating epithelial tumor cells (CETC) is used for detection and enrichment of circulating tumor cells in peripheral blood and as a target for anti-epithelial antibodies elicited during immune response in anti-tumor immunization. Although an efficient immune response against EpCAM can be generated, the clinical application of such approaches has not been successful so far and the detection of circulating epithelial cells is highly variable. One reason for these discrepancies may be that not all circulating tumor cells are equally accessible for the specific antibody. A possible reason might be masking of EpCAM by glycoproteins or membrane lipoproteins preventing antibody binding. We have tested the application of detergents as demasking agents known to be successful in demasking red blood cell epitopes and determined how and in which way they affect integral membrane proteins and membrane lipids. The results showed that the polysorbate Tween The data presented in this study suggest that EpCAM is present on part of circulating tumor cells in a masked form and that it is possible to demask EpCAM on CETC of breast cancer patients using Tween
Trifluoromethanesulfonic Acid, an Unusually Powerful Catalyst for the Michael Addition Reaction of β-Ketoesters under Solvent-Free Conditions (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTTrifluoromethanesulfonic Acid, an Unusually Powerful Catalyst for the Michael Addition Reaction of β-Ketoesters under Solvent-Free ConditionsHiyoshizo Kotsuki, Koji Arimura, Takeshi Ohishi, and Ryosuke MaruzasaView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kochi University, Akebono-cho, Kochi 780-8520, Japan Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 10, 3770–3773Publication Date (Web):April 16, 1999Publication History Received29 December 1998Published online16 April 1999Published inissue 1 May 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo982521zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo982521zbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1725Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Addition reactions,Adducts,Catalysts,Ethyl groups,Organic compounds Get e-Alerts
Molybdenum Monoaryloxide Pyrrolide Alkylidene Complexes That Contain Mono-<i>ortho</i>-substituted Phenyl Imido Ligands (2012)

Monaryloxide pyrrolide (MAP) molybdenum imido alkylidene complexes of the type Mo(NArX)(CHCMe2R)(Me2Pyr)(OR′) (Me2Pyr = 2,5-dimethylpyrrolide) have been prepared in which NArX is an ortho-substituted phenylimido group (X = Cl (NArCl), CF3 (NArCF3), i-Pr (NAriPr), t-Bu (NArtBu), mesityl (NArM), or TRIP (TRIP = triisopropylphenyl; NArT)) and OR′ = O-2,3,5,6-(C6H5)4C6H (OTPP), O-2,6-(2,4,6-Me3C6H2)2C6H3 (OHMT), or O-2,6-(2,4,6-i-Pr3C6H2)2C6H3 (OHIPT). The object was to explore to what extent relatively “large” NArM or NArT ligands would alter the performance of MAP catalysts in reactions that have been proposed to depend upon the relative size of the imido and OR′ groups. Preliminary studies employing the ring-opening metathesis polymerization of 5,6-dicarbomethoxynorbornadiene as a measure of selectivity suggest that a single phenylimido ortho substituent, even in an NArM or NArT group, does not produce any unique behavior and that the outcome of the ROMP reaction correlates with the overall relative size of the imido and OR′ group. Single-crystal X-ray structures of six species that contain the new NArM or NArT groups are reported.
Extended Group Divisible Partially Balanced Incomplete Block Designs (1964)

The class of partially balanced incomplete block designs (PBIB) with more than two associate classes has not yet been explored to a great extent. In fact, only a few $m$-associate class PBIB's $(m > 2)$ are known explicitly. One way to obtain such designs is certainly by generalizing the well-known PBIB's with two associate classes. Among these particularly the Group Divisible PBIB's lend themselves rather obviously to a generalization in this direction. Roy [8] and Raghavarao [7] have generalized the Group Divisible design of Bose and Connor [1] to $m$-associate class designs. The idea of another type of Group Divisible PBIB's with three associate classes, given by Vartak [11], was extended to an $m$-associate class design by Hinkelmann and Kempthorne [5] which they called an Extended Group Divisible PBIB (EGD/$m$-PBIB). In this paper we shall investigate the EGD/$m$-PBIB in some detail. The definition and parameters of this design are given in Section 2. In Section 3 we shall prove the uniqueness of its association scheme. For a design given by its incidence matrix $\mathbf{N}$, the properties of the matrix $\mathbf{NN}'$ will be explored in Section 4. The eigenvalues of $\mathbf{NN}'$, its determinant and its Hasse-Minkowski invariants $c_p$ are obtained, and non-existence theorems are given. These theorems are illustrated by examples. An example of an existent EGD/$m$-PBIB plan is given.
Training in virtual environments: transfer to real world tasks and equivalence to real task training (2000)

Virtual environments (VEs) are extensively used in training but there have been few rigorous scientific investigations of whether and how skills learned in a VE are transferred to the real world. This research aimed to measure and evaluate what is transferring from training a simple sensorimotor task in a VE to real world performance. In experiment 1, real world performances after virtual training, real training and no training were compared. Virtual and real training resulted in equivalent levels of post-training performance, both of which significantly exceeded task performance without training. Experiments 2 and 3 investigated whether virtual and real trained real world performances differed in their susceptibility to cognitive and motor interfering tasks (experiment 2) and in terms of spare attentional capacity to respond to stimuli and instructions which were not directly related to the task (experiment 3). The only significant difference found was that real task performance after training in a VE was less affected by concurrently performed interference tasks than was real task performance after training on the real task. This finding is discussed in terms of the cognitive load characteristics of virtual training. Virtual training therefore resulted in equivalent or even better real world performance than real training in this simple sensorimotor task, but this finding may not apply to other training tasks. Future research should be directed towards establishing a comprehensive knowledge of what is being transferred to real world performance in other tasks currently being trained in VEs and investigating the equivalence of virtual and real trained performances in these situations.
Innate Immunity in the Respiratory Epithelium (2011)

The airway epithelium represents the first point of contact for inhaled foreign organisms. The protective arsenal of the airway epithelium is provided in the form of physical barriers and a vast array of receptors and antimicrobial compounds that constitute the innate immune system. Many of the known innate immune receptors, including the Toll-like receptors and nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptors, are expressed by the airway epithelium, which leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines that affect microorganisms directly and recruit immune cells, such as neutrophils and T cells, to the site of infection. The airway epithelium also produces a number of resident antimicrobial proteins, such as lysozyme, lactoferrin, and mucins, as well as a swathe of cationic proteins. Dysregulation of the airway epithelial innate immune system is associated with a number of medical conditions that can result in compromised immunity and chronic inflammation of the lung. This review focuses on the innate immune capabilities of the airway epithelium and its role in protecting the lung from infection as well as the outcomes when its function is compromised.
Investigation of candidate biomarkers in Graves' disease and thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (2016)

Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy (TAO) is a debilitating inflammatory condition of the orbit occurring in 30-50% of Graves' Disease (GD) patients. It is not currently possible to predict which GD patients will develop TAO or the severity of their eventual ophthalmic manifestations. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate novel biomarkers for this purpose.\n\nI developed two immunoassays to detect serum antibodies to insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-lR-Ab) in GD, TAO and healthy controls (HC). Assays were validated to measure commercial monoclonal IGF-lR-Ab but no study group differences, or correlation with clinical activity or severity, were noted with sera.\n\nDifferential IGF-lR expression on peripheral blood CD4+ and CDS+ T lymphocyte memory subsets was observed, although without variance between groups. However, T cell differentiation was perturbed, with elevated proportions of naïve, and reduced cytokine-producing effector memory T cells, in GD and TAO compared to HC.\n\nNuclear magnetic resonance-based serum metabolomic analysis differentiated GD and TAO subjects, and varying TAO clinical activity, with good uncorrected sensitivity and specificity. Distinguishing metabolites included lactate, isopropanol, methylguanidine and pyruvate.\n\nCollectively these data cast doubt on a simple model of IGF-lR-Ab being responsible for orbital inflammation in GD, but highlight the biomarker potential of metabolomics in TAO.