gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pressure Drop and Flow Characteristics for a Heavy-Duty Air Filter During Dust Loading (1987)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In order to examine the possible application of computational fluid dynamics to the prediction of the dust-loading characteristics of heavy-duty air filters, experimental studies have been made to obtain dust-loading data for a complete heavy-duty filter, for a complete filter with various sections of the outer cartridge surface blocked and for a panel of the cartridge. Tests on the complete and sectionalized filters were made on a facility corresponding to SAE Test Code J726. Tests on the panel were made on a separate apparatus.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Normalized plots of the dirty-to-clean stagnation drops versus the dust mass collected per unit face area showed that the data for the complete filter formed a single curve which was largely independent of air volume flow rate. This curve, when combined with clean stagnation pressure drop data, can be used to predict the variation of capacity with flow rate.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A series of tests were made with the complete and sectionalized filters in which the dust-loading test was interrupted periodically in order to inspect the dust-collection patterns on the pleats. Four dust collection patterns were observed. These patterns are the “uniformly” dusted pleat, a “separated” pattern in which dust collects on one-side of the pleat tip, a “two-sided” pattern in which dust collects on both sides of the tip, and a “bridged” pattern in which the pleat opening is completely closed.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">THE POSSIBLE USE OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS to reduce the costs of development of new heavy-duty air filters has been discussed in <span class="xref">Reference (1)</span><span class="xref">*</span>. The research program to investigate this possibility is concerned with the predictive accuracy which can be achieved and the manpower and computational costs which are involved. Specifically, full-scale model design, fabrication and testing would be replaced completely by numerical design until a satisfactory design had been achieved. If such a complete substitution was not possible, then some combination of numerical analysis and low-cost experiments might still provide significant cost savings. <span class="xref">Reference (1)</span> summarizes the status of the present effort relative to prediction of the clean pressure drop of heavy-duty air filters. This paper is concerned with studies of the dust-loading characteristics of these filters.</div>
An essential role for constitutive Schiff base-forming ligands in antigen presentation to murine T cell clones. (1990)

The role of cell-surface Schiff base-forming ligands in the inductive interaction between class II+ APC and murine T cells was investigated. Schiff bases are produced by the condensation of an amine with the carbonyl group of an aldehyde or ketone in a reversible covalent reaction. Treatment of APC with low concentrations of glutaraldehyde to form Schiff bases on a small proportion of epsilon-amino groups consistently inhibited Ag presentation to primary T cells and T cell clones. Schiff base formation by glutaraldehyde was quantitated by specific reduction with the weak, selective reducing agent sodium cyanoborohydride. Aldehyde inhibition of presentation was observed with allo-, protein, and small peptide Ag, and T cell clones of Th1 and Th2 subtypes were equally susceptible. Large increases in the concentration of glutaraldehyde in brief pretreatments of APC resulted in substantial restoration of Ag-presenting function. Oxidation of T cell sialic acid to produce cell-surface aldehydes resulted in a vigorous proliferative response to class II-positive syngeneic accessory cells. This response was inhibited by preformation of Schiff bases on epsilon-amino groups of the accessory cells by glutaraldehyde. Dose response curves for inhibition of aldehyde-induced and Ag-induced T cell proliferation by glutaraldehyde treatment of accessory cells were similar. Reduction of constitutive aldehydes on cloned T cells by sodium borohydride resulted in inhibition of Ag-specific responses. This took the form of a substantial delay in the time-course of the response consistent with the eventual regeneration of cell-surface aldehydes. Only the presentation of Ag was inhibited. Ongoing established proliferative responses remained unaffected. Together, these data indicate that constitutive Schiff base-forming ligands on APC and T cells are essential in Ag presentation to murine T cells and are consistent with a model of Ag presentation in which reciprocal Schiff base formation is an essential element.
Theoretical Study on Mesogenic Core Structures of Nematic Liquid Crystalline Compounds (2005)

The structures and intermolecular interaction energies of 10 dimers, included in the mesogenic core structures of typical liquid crystalline (LC) compounds, are obtained at the MP2/6-31G(d) level of theory. It is proved that the dispersion energy significantly contributes to the total interaction energy of these dimers. Even when bulky substituents are introduced into the core part, the interaction energy is still large. It is also revealed that when a long intermolecular distance is provided by a high steric repulsion originating from the linkage of two phenyl groups, the dispersion energy is significantly small. However, in this range of intermolecular distances, the electrostatic energy caused by a strong quadrupole-quadrupole attractive interaction plays a dominant role, and as a result, a rather stable dimer is formed. In all 10 dimers, the dispersion, electrostatic, and exchange-repulsion energies strongly depend on the geometrical orientation of the molecules. The calculated interaction energies of these dimers are also compared with the corresponding experimentally measured viscosities. The results suggest an explicit linear relationship between the interaction energies and viscosities.
Beam tagging for control of adaptive transmitting arrays (1964)

Conventionally, self-focusing or steering of an adaptive array has always been controlled by signal measurements made in the receiving mode. By the use of beam tagging, a transmitting array can be made adaptive. The signal from each array element is tagged with identifying modulation, and a single sample from the far field can then be analyzed to find control information for the set of transmitting-element phases and amplitudes. The technique can be used with two-way (transmit-receive) arrays or with arrays used solely for transmitting. It can also be used in combination with conventional techniques for controlling adaptive arrays.
Antenna array for point-to-point communication in E-band frequency range (2011)

In this paper, a new concept of directive planar waveguide (WG) antenna array for the next generation of point to point E-band communication is presented. The proposed antenna consists of two major parts; firstly the array of Gaussian horn radiating elements and secondly the mixed feeding rectangular WG network. The feeding network is composed of a mixed 1∶8 power distribution waveguide spliters. The judiciously adopted architecture contains an interconnected horizontal and vertical subarray to form a planar feeding network. The antenna not exceeding 25 cm × 25 cm × 9 cm in dimensions, has been optimized to present a low profile, a very high gain of 43 dBi and a broadband operation of almost 20%.
Intrinsic resistance to apoptosis of colon epithelial cells is a potential determining factor in the susceptibility of the A/J mouse strain to dimethylhydrazine‐induced colon tumorigenesis (2007)

Alterations in the delicate balance between cell proliferation and cell death disrupt colon homeostasis and serve as determining factors in colon tumorigenesis. The two mouse strains, AKR/J (resistant) and A/J (susceptible), have been widely used as models for dimethylhydrazine-induced colon tumorigenesis. This study examined whether the differential susceptibilities of the two mouse strains to the tumorigenic effect of dimethylhydrazine were associated with intrinsic differences in the apoptotic machinery of the colon epithelial cells. While acute exposure to dimethylhydrazine caused massive apoptosis of colon epithelial cells in AKR/J mice, the effect was considerably less in A/J mice. Apoptosis in AKR/J mice occurred not only in the luminal side of the mucosa but also deep in the colonic crypts. In addition, this apoptosis appeared to involve caspase-3. The increased sensitivity of AKR/J to dimethylhydrazine was associated with a persistent expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) but not of its receptors. After establishing a new method for isolating primary colon epithelial cells, we determined that cells derived from A/J mice were substantially more resistant to apoptosis in response to dimethylhydrazine or to a combination of TNF, cyclohexamide, and butyrate compared to cells from AKR/J mice. These results strongly suggest that a higher intrinsic resistance to apoptosis of colon epithelial cells may be an important determinant of predisposition to colon tumorigenesis in the A/J mouse strain.
Microwave devices based on composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line metamaterials (2005)

Recent research on metamaterials with simultaneously negative permittivity (/spl epsiv/) and permeability (/spl mu/), more commonly referred to as left-handed (LH) materials, has stimulated the development of novel concepts and applications. Since right-handed (RH) effects are unavoidable, practical LH materials (LHM) are in reality composite right/left-handed (CRLH) materials. Interestingly, the co-existence of LH and RH contributions in CRLH materials, far from being detrimental, leads to useful phenomena. By applying a transmission-line (TL) approach towards CRLH metamaterials, the unique properties of these metamaterials have been used to realize novel microwave devices including antennas with characteristics (functionalities or performance) surpassing those of conventional (i.e., RH) materials.
Seismic Response of Full‐Scale Five‐Story Reinforced‐Masonry Building (1994)

To verify new design guidelines for reinforced‐masonry (RM) buildings in seismic zones, a full‐scale five‐story RM research building was tested at the University of California, San Diego, under simulated seismic loads. These new design guidelines, developed by the Technical Coordinating Committee for Masonry Research (TCCMAR), combine limit state and capacity design principles to ensure ductile seismic response. Design and analysis models developed under TCCMAR for individual components and subassemblages were extended to the complete system to predict the seismic response of the five‐story research building, and full‐scale seismic‐simulation test data were used to provide detailed experimental response data for model verification. This first U.S. full‐scale five‐story seismic‐simulation test under laboratory conditions showed that even stiff‐structural‐wall‐type masonry buildings can be designed to exhibit large ductilities under extreme seismic loads by controlled inelastic flexural behavior in predetermined locations, and that analysis and design models exist that can predict the overall seismic response of the complete structural system.
New Liquid Crystalline Compounds Incorporating Some Fluoroalkenyl Wing Groups (1990)

Abstract New liquid crystalline compounds incorporating a gem-difluoroalkenyl, [-(CH2)n-CH=CF2], or a trans- ω -fluoro-alkenyl, [-(CHoln-CH=CHF], wing group into the bicyclohexyl-or cyclohexylphenyl- core systems were synthesized. Some of them have broad nematic temperature ranges including ambient room temperatures and show low bulk viscosities.
Thermal Indices and Thermophysiological Modeling for Heat Stress (2015)

The assessment of the risk of human exposure to heat is a topic as relevant today as a century ago. The introduction and use of heat stress indices and models to predict and quantify heat stress and heat strain has helped to reduce morbidity and mortality in industrial, military, sports, and leisure activities dramatically. Models used range from simple instruments that attempt to mimic the human-environment heat exchange to complex thermophysiological models that simulate both internal and external heat and mass transfer, including related processes through (protective) clothing. This article discusses the most commonly used indices and models and looks at how these are deployed in the different contexts of industrial, military, and biometeorological applications, with focus on use to predict related thermal sensations, acute risk of heat illness, and epidemiological analysis of morbidity and mortality. A critical assessment is made of tendencies to use simple indices such as WBGT in more complex conditions (e.g., while wearing protective clothing), or when employed in conjunction with inappropriate sensors. Regarding the more complex thermophysiological models, the article discusses more recent developments including model individualization approaches and advanced systems that combine simulation models with (body worn) sensors to provide real-time risk assessment. The models discussed in the article range from historical indices to recent developments in using thermophysiological models in (bio) meteorological applications as an indicator of the combined effect of outdoor weather settings on humans.
Experimental obstruction to aqueous outflow by pigment particles in living monkeys. (1986)

Pigment particles (1 X 10(6)/microliters) isolated from the iris and ciliary body of enucleated cynomolgus monkey eyes were infused into the anterior chamber of seven living cynomolgus monkeys and aqueous humor outflow facility determined by the two-step constant-pressure perfusion technique. Outflow facility acutely decreased 64% in the experimental pigment perfused eyes compared to a 76% increase in the sham-manipulated fellow eyes (P less than 0.001). However, when next measured 1 wk later, facility in the pigment perfused eyes had returned to baseline levels. Repetitive pigment perfusions similarly failed to produce any long-term abnormality in outflow facility. Gonioscopically, a well-defined band of pigment was observed in the trabecular meshwork, which decreased in density with time. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy documented pigment particle phagocytosis by trabecular endothelial cells and macrophages. Forty-two and 105 days after pigment infusion the trabecular meshwork was normal morphologically, and, despite an observed decrease in trabecular pigmentation, morphometry failed to reveal a decrease in trabecular meshwork cellularity in experimental compared to control eyes. These results suggest that factors other than, or in addition to, pigment particle accumulation in the trabecular meshwork must be involved in the mechanism of human pigmentary glaucoma.
Huntington's disease in venezuela: 7 years of follow‐up on symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals (1990)

Persons symptomatic and at risk for Huntington's disease (HD) from a large extended family in the state of Zulia, Venezuela, have been followed prospectively for 7 years. Between 1981 and 1988, 593 people were examined, of whom 128 had symptomatic HD and 171 persons at risk had examination abnormalities that were insufficient to meet criteria for diagnosis. The remaining 294 had normal examinations. Abnormalities of saccadic eye movement and slowness of rapid alternating movements were the most common abnormalities found in at-risk individuals. Thirty persons who did not meet criteria for diagnosis at their first examination have subsequently been diagnosed with symptomatic HD. Their average age at diagnosis was 33.5 +/- 8.3 (SD) years. The likelihood of developing symptomatic HD within 3 years was 3% for those persons with normal first examinations, 23% for those with mildly abnormal first examinations, and 60% for those with highly abnormal first examinations. The rate of disease progression in early symptomatic cases were 1.4 +/- 0.1 (SEM) points per year on the Shoulson-Fahn functional capacity scale. Paternal or maternal inheritance did not appear to affect the rate of progression in this group of individuals. The data suggest that there is not a discrete age of onset but rather a prolonged period of time during which symptoms unfold.
Novel Strategies for Drug Discovery Based on Intrinsically Disordered Proteins (IDPs) (2011)

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are proteins that usually do not adopt well-defined native structures when isolated in solution under physiological conditions. Numerous IDPs have close relationships with human diseases such as tumor, Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, diabetes, and so on. These disease-associated IDPs commonly play principal roles in the disease-associated protein-protein interaction networks. Most of them in the disease datasets have more interactants and hence the size of the disease-associated IDPs interaction network is simultaneously increased. For example, the tumor suppressor protein p53 is an intrinsically disordered protein and also a hub protein in the p53 interaction network; α-synuclein, an intrinsically disordered protein involved in Parkinson diseases, is also a hub of the protein network. The disease-associated IDPs may provide potential targets for drugs modulating protein-protein interaction networks. Therefore, novel strategies for drug discovery based on IDPs are in the ascendant. It is dependent on the features of IDPs to develop the novel strategies. It is found out that IDPs have unique structural features such as high flexibility and random coil-like conformations which enable them to participate in both the "one to many" and "many to one" interaction. Accordingly, in order to promote novel strategies for drug discovery, it is essential that more and more features of IDPs are revealed by experimental and computing methods.
Evaluation of the rapid hippurate hydrolysis test with enterococcal group D streptococci (1977)

The rapid hippurate hydrolysis test was evaluated with the conventional test, using 17 group A streptococci, 9 non-enterococcal group D streptococci, 108 enterococcal group D streptococci, and 2 strains of Listeria monocytogenes. There was complete correlation between the rapid and conventional tests with all organisms except enterococcal group D. The rapid hippurate hydrolysis method was more sensitive with the enterococci; 95.4% were positive with the rapid method, and 9.3% were positive with the conventional method. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was performed on all isolates to determine if the end product of hydrolysis, glycine, was indeed present. The TLC results were in agreement with the rapid and conventional methods for group A streptococci, nonenterococcal group D streptococci, and L. monocytogenes. TLC results were in total agreement with the rapid hippurate hydrolysis test for the enterococcal group D isolates, thus verifying the accuracy of this more sensitive test. Trace amounts of glycine were found in the substrate, indicating the need for including an uninoculated substrate control as well as stock strains of group A and B beta-hemolytic streptococci (negative and positive controls, respectively) each time the rapid hippurate hydrolysis test is performed.
Application of genetic algorithms to motor parameter determination for transient torque calculations (1997)

This paper applies genetic algorithms to the problem of induction motor parameter determination. Generally available manufacturers' published data like starting torque, breakdown torque, full-load torque, full-load power factor, etc., are used to determine the motor parameters for subsequent use in studying machine transients. Results from several versions of the genetic algorithm are presented, as well as a comparison with the Newton-Raphson method.
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 tyrosine kinase fusions define a unique molecular subtype of cholangiocarcinoma (2013)

FGFR2 fusions occur in 13.6% of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The expression pattern of these fusions in association with sensitivity to FGFR inhibitors warrant a new molecular classification of cholangiocarcinoma and suggest a new therapeutic approach to the disease.
A lightweight mutual authentication protocol for RFID networks (2005)

Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is expected to become an important and ubiquitous infrastructure technology of supply chain processes and customer service. The low-cost tag, or so-called passive tag, will be likely the factor for widespread adoption of the technology. It must be noticed that the deployment of such tags may create new threats to user privacy due to the powerful tracking capability of the tags. As a result, some sort of security issues must be imposed on the passive tags for addressing the privacy problem. However, providing security in such tags is a challenging task because they are highly resource constrained and cannot support strong cryptography. This paper provides both discussion on the requirements and restrictions of security implementation of a RFID system. It also examines the features and issues pertinent to several existing RFID security solution. Finally, this paper suggests the use of our proposed lightweight security protocol based on Ohkubo's scheme, which protects user privacy using a hash chain mechanism and also provides an analysis of the protocol.
Ultra‐large color difference and small subtense (2009)

Abstract Color difference calculations are usually applied to match or tolerance of small differences between large (>2°) visual fields. In contrast, we examine here the application of ultra‐large color differences to enhance conspicuousness and discriminability of small (1° subtense or smaller) visual targets, e.g., in visual information displays. We show that CIEDE2000, and color difference metrics based on the OSA Uniform Color Space and CIECAM02 are superior to CIELAB and CIELUV. Considering gray scale only, we show that Whittle's JND metric of achromatic contrast is as good as L * for this purpose, while also modeling contrast polarity and “crispening.” Furthermore, using this JND metric, we replicate Highnote's finding that elongation of small targets affects their apparent contrast. We discuss the perceived fading of color differences when targets become smaller, and suggest practical methods to mitigate the adverse effect on color conspicuousness and discriminability. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Col Res Appl, 2010.
Pharmacological differences between two muscarinic responses of the rat superior cervical ganglion <i>in vitro</i> (1987)

1 Pharmacological differences have been observed between the muscarinic agonist-induced depolarizing and hyperpolarizing responses of the rat isolated superior cervical ganglion. 2 Pirenzepine (0.3 microM) selectively reduced the depolarizing response and unmasked the hyperpolarizing response. No such selectivity was observed with a concentration of N-methylatropine which was equipotent with pirenzepine in antagonizing the depolarizing response. 3 The neuromuscular blocking agents gallamine (10 microM) and pancuronium (3 microM) exhibited the oppositive selectivity to pirenzepine, both dramatically reduced the hyperpolarization but only slightly antagonized the depolarization. 4 The potencies of a range of agonists in evoking the depolarizing and hyperpolarizing responses, the latter in the presence of 0.3 microM pirenzepine, have been determined. Methylfurmethide failed to hyperpolarize the ganglion at concentrations which evoked maximal depolarizations. 5 The muscarinic hyperpolarization did not appear to be mediated by the secondary release of catecholamines. 6 It was concluded that the two muscarinic responses on the rat superior cervical ganglion, the slow depolarization and faster hyperpolarization, are mediated by different muscarinic receptor subtypes.