gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective reversible deuteriation of oligodeoxynucleotides: simplification of two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect NMR spectral assignment of a non-self-complementary dodecamer duplex (1988)

Oligodeoxynucleotides are reversibly deuteriated at the purine C8 and cytosine C5 positions with deuterioammonium bisulfite at pD 7.8. The exchange reaction is complete after 48 h at 65 degrees C. When an oligomer deuteriated under these conditions is analyzed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, the purine H8 and cytosine H5 proton signals are selectively removed from the spectrum. A non-self-complementary oligodeoxynucleotide that has been deuteriated in this manner may be annealed with its complement and the resulting heteroduplex analyzed by two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOESY) spectroscopy. NOE cross-peaks arising from pyrimidine H6-deoxyribose H1' dipolar interactions in both strands are observed, but purine H8-deoxyribose H1' and purine H8-deoxyribose H2',H2" dipolar interactions are only observed for the nondeuteriated strand. The intense cytosine H5-H6 cross-peaks are also removed from the spectrum of the deuteriated strand, which further simplifies interpretation since these strong cross-peaks often interfere with less intense NOE cross-peaks arising from dipolar coupling between purine H8 or pyrimidine H6 and deoxyribose anomeric protons. The resulting spectral simplification allows unambiguous assignments to be made on NOEs that otherwise may be difficult to distinguish. The deuteration procedure is demonstrated with the sequence d(CGTTATAATGCG).d(CGCATTATAACG), which has previously been assigned by traditional NOESY methods [Wemmer, D. E., Chou, S.-H., Hare, D. R., & Reid, B. R. (1984) Biochemistry 23, 2262-2268]. Although the assignment of this dodecadeoxynucleotide may be completed without deuteriation, several NOEs must be assigned indirectly because of degeneracies in the chemical shift of the purine H8 protons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Brain metabolite concentration estimates using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in a chronic model of temporal lobe epilepsy (2007)

The pilocarpine rat brain model is a well-studied model of temporal lobe epilepsy. The purposes of this study were: (1) to estimate the brain metabolite concentration changes in the hippocampus of pilocarpine rats by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, 24 h (acute phase) and 2 months (chronic phase) after the onset of Status Epilepticus ; (2) to compare the metabolite concentration estimates to those obtained from healthy rats. In vivo short echo-time signals of epileptic and healthy rat brains were acquired at 7 T in the hippocampus. A statistically significant increase of lactate concentration was quantified 24 h after Status Epilepticus . The N -acetylaspartate concentrations slightly decreased in the acute phase, continuing to decrease in the chronic phase, resulting in a statistically significant loss compared to the healthy rat brains.
Inhibitors of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Targeting a Novel Pocket of the RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (2010)

We identified several non-competitive inhibitors of FMDV 3Dpol that target a novel binding pocket, which can be used for future structure-based drug design studies. Such studies can lead to the discovery of even more potent antivirals that could provide alternative or supplementary options to contain future outbreaks of FMD.
Miniature SAW antenna duplexer for 800-MHz portable telephone used in cellular radio systems (1988)

A description is given of a low-loss, high-power surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter developed for an antenna duplexer used in an 800-MHz portable telephone transceiver. The ladder-type configuration uses SAW resonators and capacitors between electrode fingers and ground. The device is fabricated on a 20-mm-square LiTaO/sub 3/ chip. This configuration provides insertion loss as low as 1.0-1.2 dB and output power up to 2 W at 800 MHz. Experimental results from a miniature antenna duplexer-module using this SAW filter as a transmitter filter and previously published high-performance SAW filters as receiver filters are also presented and compared.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The design of a 16 kb/s split-band adaptive predictive coder for noisy channels (2005)

This paper describes the design of a high quality 16 Kb/s speech processing scheme known as the Split-Band Adaptive Predictive Coding (SBAPC). In this algorithm, the frequency contents of the input signal are evenly split into two subbands via quadrature mirror filters. Then, adaptive predictive coding (APC) is applied to the subband waveforms. A bit allocation scheme that dynamically alters the quantizer bit assignments according to the energies of the two bands is employed in order to improve further the speech quality. Incorporating forward error correcting codes and noise suppression procedures, the quality of the SBAPC processed speech has been maintained for high background noise levels and channel error rates.
Device physics of an optoelectronic integrated wavelength converter (2005)

An InP-based tunable wavelength converter is investigated which monolithically combines a waveguide photodetector with a sampled-grating distributed Bragg reflector laser diode. We employ advanced device simulation to study internal physical mechanisms and performance limitations. Our three-dimensional finite-element model self-consistently combines carrier transport, optical waveguiding, and nanoscale many-body theory to accurately account for optical transitions within the quantum wells. Good agreement with measurements is achieved. The validity of several model simplification options is discussed.
Implementation and Analysis of the TCP "Adaptive-Selection" Concept in ns-2 and Linux (2008)

The increasing level of heterogeneity of present and future networks poses new challenges to TCP. Wired and wireless connections (including satellite) with very different characteristics, concerning bandwidth, RTT and loss rate, will have to co-exist and to compete, possibly in a fair way, in the same network. This heterogeneity makes difficult the choice between the many TCP enhancement proposals, as they basically are focused on single impairments, resulting "optimized" for different network environments. To overcome this problem the authors have recently presented the TCP-adaptive selection (TCP-AS) concept, which challenges the very idea that one choice should actually be made. This paper aims at presenting the implementations of the TCP-AS in both Linux and ns-2. They leverage on the modular structure of the TCP Linux congestion control, which can be replicated in ns-2 by making use of the Caltech "NS-2 TCP-Linux" patch. As described in the paper, the implementation key is the insertion of an intermediate agent, called "tcpas", between the TCP monolithic core and the TCP congestion control modules. In the second part of the paper, results of the ns-2 implementation have been cross-checked with Linux results. The analysis of data confirms both the feasibility and the performance advantages of the TCP-AS approach.
<title>Broadband sensor and actuator selection for active control of smart structures</title> (1995)

This paper advances the state of the art in the selection of minimal configurations of sensors and actuators for active vibration control with smart structures. The method extends previous transducer selection work by (1) presenting a unified treatment of the selection and placement of large numbers of sensors and actuators in a smart structure, (2) developing computationally efficient techniques to select the best sensor-actuator pairs for multiple unknown force disturbances exciting the structure, (3) selecting the best sensors and actuators over multiple frequencies, and (4) providing bounds on the performance of the transducer selection algorithms. The approach is based on a novel, multidimensional householder QR factorization algorithm applied to the frequency response matrices that define the vibration control problem. This paper presents the theoretical development of the method, as well as experimental results from active vibration control demonstrations for the ARPA SPICES (synthesis and processing of intelligent cost-effective structures) project.
Translesion Synthesis across Bulky N2-Alkyl Guanine DNA Adducts by Human DNA Polymerase κ (2006)

DNA polymerase (pol) kappa is one of the so-called translesion polymerases involved in replication past DNA lesions. Bypass events have been studied with a number of chemical modifications with human pol kappa, and the conclusion has been presented, based on limited quantitative data, that the enzyme is ineffective at incorporating opposite DNA damage but proficient at extending beyond bases paired with the damage. Purified recombinant full-length human pol kappa was studied with a series of eight N(2)-guanyl adducts (in oligonucleotides) ranging in size from methyl- to -CH(2)(6-benzo[a]pyrenyl) (BP). Steady-state kinetic parameters (catalytic specificity, k(cat)/K(m)) were similar for insertion of dCTP opposite the lesions and for extension beyond the N(2)-adduct G:C pairs. Mispairing of dGTP and dTTP was similar and occurred with k(cat)/K(m) values approximately 10(-3) less than for dCTP with all adducts; a similar differential was found for extension beyond a paired adduct. Pre-steady-state kinetic analysis showed moderately rapid burst kinetics for dCTP incorporations, even opposite the bulky methyl(9-anthracenyl)- and BPG adducts (k(p) 5.9-10.3 s(-1)). The rapid bursts were abolished opposite BPG when alpha-thio-dCTP was used instead of dCTP, implying rate-limiting phosphodiester bond formation. Comparisons are made with similar studies done with human pols eta and iota; pol kappa is the most resistant to N(2)-bulk and the most quantitatively efficient of these in catalyzing dCTP incorporation opposite bulky guanine N(2)-adducts, particularly the largest (N(2)-BPG).
X‐Ray Structural Studies of Highly Enantioselective Mn(salen) Epoxidation Catalysts (1996)

Abstract The relationship between catalyst structure and enantioselectivity in the asymmetric epoxidation of unfunctionalized olefins by a series of chiral Mn(sa1en) complexes (1 – 10) was examined. The X‐ray structures of 5‐coordinate complexes 5, 8, of 6‐coordinate 9 ([6,6′= ‐ t Bu; 4,4 = ‐ t Bu] + ClO 4 − ), and 10 (6,6′= ‐ t Bu; 4,4′=‐Br) were determined. Catalysts 1 – 9 were derived from (R,R)‐1, 2 diaminocyclohexane and catalyst 10 from (S,S)‐1,2‐diphenylethylenediamine. Catalysts 1–9 differ in the stereoelectronic substitution of the ortho (6,6) and para (4,4) positions of the salicylidene moiety. A comparison between structures 5, 8, and 9 reveals that the ligand geometry around the metal center and the chiral diimine backbone remains remarkably constant in both five‐ and six‐coordinate cyclohexanediamine‐derived complexes; in contrast, the salicylidene regions of the complexes display a wide range of conformations. The asymmetric epoxidation of indene and 6‐cyano‐2,2‐dimethylchromene with NaOCl catalyzed by complexes 1 – 10 was effected. Systematically increasing the steric bulk on the ortho and then the para position in the order 1 (6,6′ = ‐H; 4,4′ = ‐H),2(6,6′ = ‐CH3; 4,4′ = ‐CH3),3(6,6′=‐ t Bu;4,4′=‐H),4(6,6′=‐ t Bu; 4,4′ =‐CH3), 5 (6,6′=‐ t Bu; 4,4′=‐ t Bu), and 6 (6,6′=‐ t Bu; 4,4′= ‐trityl), and electronically modifying the para substituents in 7 (6,6 = ‐ t Bu; 4,4 =‐OMe) and 8 (6.6′ = ‐ t Bu; 4,4′=‐OTIPS) resulted in enhanced enantioselectivities of the desired epoxides. The conformational variations observed in the solid state are likely to reflect accessible solution conformations and may help explain the high levels of stereoinduction obtained with these catalysts in the asymmetric epoxidation of unfunctionalized olefins.
Correction of stain variations in nuclear refractive index of clinical histology specimens (2011)

For any technique to be adopted into a clinical setting, it is imperative that it seamlessly integrates with well-established clinical diagnostic workflow. We recently developed an optical microscopy technique-spatial-domain low-coherence quantitative phase microscopy (SL-QPM) that can extract the refractive index of the cell nucleus from the standard histology specimens on glass slides prepared via standard clinical protocols. This technique has shown great potential in detecting cancer with a better sensitivity than conventional pathology. A major hurdle in the clinical translation of this technique is the intrinsic variation among staining agents used in histology specimens, which limits the accuracy of refractive index measurements of clinical samples. In this paper, we present a simple and easily generalizable method to remove the effect of variations in staining levels on nuclear refractive index obtained with SL-QPM. We illustrate the efficacy of our correction method by applying it to variously stained histology samples from animal model and clinical specimens.
A study of bait selection in small African rodents (1979)

With 6 Tables & 1 Fig.].
Regulation of cellular adhesion and fibronectin synthesis by 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. (1987)

We recently reported that the steroid hormone, 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) can inhibit growth, alter morphology, and increase cell associated and medium concentrations of fibronectin (FN) in MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells (Franceschi, R. T., James, W., and Zerlauth, G. (1985) J. Cell. Physiol. 123, 401-409). In the present study, we have tested the hypothesis that 1,25-(OH)2D3 increases cellular adhesion by stimulating FN synthesis. Hormone treatment altered cell morphology and increased cell/substratum adhesion in MG-63 cells, effects which could be mimicked by exogenously added FN. 1,25-(OH)2D3-dependent increases in FN production were due to a rapid (within 12 h) increase in FN synthesis. Maximal (2 to 5-fold) stimulation was observed after 48 h. Hormone treatment did not alter apparent FN stability or distribution during this time. The FN response was specific to 1,25-(OH)2D3 when compared with other vitamin D metabolites. In contrast, triamcinolone acetonide, another known inducer of FN synthesis in certain cells, was only slightly stimulatory up to a concentration of 1 microM. FN mRNA, as measured by Northern blot hybridization, increased within 6 h of 1,25-(OH)2D3 addition with maximal (5-fold) induction seen at 24 h. 1,25-(OH)2D3 also stimulated FN synthesis in several other transformed cell lines (TE-85 human osteosarcomas, SW-480 human colon carcinomas, and HL-60 myeloid leukemia cells). These results may be related to known actions of 1,25-(OH)2D3 on cell differentiation and tumor metastasis.
Self-Compensation-Limited Conductivity in Binary Semiconductors. III. Expected Correlations With Fundamental Parameters (1964)

The previously developed calculation of the degree of self-compensation in a binary semiconductor is used to obtain a useful correlation between the degree of self-compensation by singly ionized natural defects and the ratio of the electronic energy gap to certain generally known thermodynamic quantities. The latter quantities are related to the cohesive energy. It is shown, however, that the correlation factor given herein is more meaningful than the previously suggested ratio of the energy gap to the cohesive energy. The results are generalized to include compounds having a composition ${M}_{a}{N}_{b}$. One interesting conclusion is the prediction that $M$-atom vacancies will generally dominate interstitial $N$ atoms when $b<a$ and vice versa. It has previously been shown that the second ionization level of a compensating natural defect can be critical in determining the degree of self compensation, particularly in the case of the II-VI compounds. A simple model of a singly ionized vacancy is presented which suggests that size considerations should play a major role in determining the second ionization level of such a defect. It is shown that the gross electrical properties of the II-VI compounds can be completely correlated with a single parameter, the ratio of the tetrahedral covalent radii of the elements. Finally, the over-all classification scheme described above is applied to a reasonably large group of compounds. The predicted gross electrical properties of these compounds are found to be in essential agreement with what is known experimentally, with the single exception of $n$-Cd${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$, for which an explanation is offered.
Systemic perfusion: a method of enhancing relative tumor uptake of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (1988)

We evaluated the feasibility of systemic vascular perfusion with saline (mimicking plasmapheresis) as a method to enhance tumor-specific monoclonal antibody (MoAb) tumor/background ratios. Initially, groups of rats were injected intravenously (i.v.) with 131I-5G6.4 MoAb (murine IgG2aK reactive with ovarian carcinoma). These animal's radioactivity levels were determined by dose calibrator and they were imaged before and after perfusion which was conducted at 4 or 24 h post-antibody injection. Animals were sacrificed after perfusion, as were controls, and normal organ radioactivity levels determined. In addition, nude mice bearing HTB77 ovarian cancers subcutaneously were injected i.v. with 131I-5G6.4 MoAb and were imaged before and after systemic perfusion with saline 24 h post-5G6.4 injection. Perfusion in rats dropped whole-body 5G6.4 levels significantly at both perfusion times (P less than 0.0005). The drop in whole-body radioactivity with perfusion was significantly greater for the animals perfused at 4 h post i.v. 5G6.4 antibody injection (48.3 +/- 5.1%) than for those perfused at 24 h post i.v. antibody injection (32.9 +/- 2.9%) (P less than 0.025). In the nude mice with ovarian cancer xenografts, gamma camera images of tumors were visually and quantitatively (by computer image analysis) enhanced by perfusion, with a 2.33-fold greater decline in whole body uptake than in the tumor (P less than 0.05). These studies show that (1) much background antibody radioactivity can be removed using whole-body perfusion with saline, (2) that the decline in whole body activity is larger with 4 than 24 h perfusion and (3) tumor imaging can be enhanced by this approach.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Uniforms essential to distinguish rank (2004)

The current trend seems to be to dress everyone, from healthcare assistants to nursing sisters, exactly the same. It seems that this is to give the impression that hospital or community nursing teams are well-stocked with qualified nursing staff.
Substitution of oxygen by fluorine in the GdSr_2AlO_5:Ce^3+ phosphors: Gd_1−xSr_2+xAlO_5−xF_x solid solutions for solid state white lighting (2009)

Solid solutions between two isotypic host compounds: GdSr(2)AlO(5) and Sr(3)AlO(4)F; Gd(1-x)Sr(2+x)AlO(5-x)F(x):Ce(3+) (GSAF:Ce(3+)), have been prepared across the complete solid solution range x. Depending on x, the series display considerable optical tunability of emission wavelengths in the range 574 nm to 474 nm, which is attributed to the decreased crystal field splitting arising from increased host ionicity with fluorine addition. Applying the GSAF:Ce(3+) phosphors on InGaN LEDs (lambda (max) = 405 nm and 450 nm) permits white lighting sources to be prepared. The characteristics of these are reported.
Q방법론을 활용한 평생교육에 대한 성인학습자의 인식 유형 분석 (2017)

우리나라의 평생교육은 다양한 이념 속에서 자리매김하고 있다. 평생교육을 정의(定議), 목적, 책임의 주체, 실천의 주체에 따라서 달리 인식한다. 이에 본 연구는 평생교육 참여주체인 성인학습자는 평생교육에 대해 어떻게 인식하고 있는가를 살펴보고자 한다. 이는 국가적 이해에 대한 성인학습자의 동의수준을 점검하는데 목적이 있다. 성인학습자의 평생교육 인식은...
Critical viewpoints on the methods of realizing the metal freezing points of the ITS-90 (1995)

The time-honored method for realizing the freezing point tf of a metal (in practice necessarily a dilute alloy) is that of continuous, slow freezing where the plateau temperature (which is the result of solidifying material’s being so pure that its phase-transition temperature is observably constant) is measured. The freezing point being an equilibrium temperature, Ancsin considers this method to be inappropriate in principle: equilibrium between the solid and liquid phases cannot be achieved while the solid is being cooled to dispose of the releasing latent heat and while it is accreting at the expense of the liquid. In place of the continuous freezing method he has employed the pulse-heating method (in which the sample is allowed to approach equilibrium after each heat pulse) in his study of Ag; his measurements suggest that freezing can produce non-negligible errors. Here we examine both methods and conclude that the freezing method, employing an inside solid–liquid interface thermally isolated by an outside interface, can provide realizations of the highest accuracy; in either method, perturbation, by inducing solid–liquid phase transition continuously or intermittently, is essential for detecting equilibrium thermally. The respective merits and disadvantages of these two methods and also of the inner-melt method are discussed. We conclude that in a freezing-point measurement what is being measured is in effect the however minutely varying phase transition, and nonconstitutional equilibrium, temperature ti at the solid–liquid interface. The objective is then to measure the ti that is the best measure of tf, which is, normally, the plateau temperature.
Neuropeptide Y Distribution in the Rat Brain (1983)

A massive neuronal system was detected by immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassay with antibodies to neuropeptide Y, the recently isolated peptide of the pancreatic polypeptide family. Immunoreactive cell bodies and fibers were most prevalent in cortical, limbic, and hypothalamic regions. Neuropeptide Y was extracted in concentrations higher than those of any other peptide hitherto discovered in the mammalian brain. Column chromatography of brain extracts and double immunostaining experiments indicate that neuropeptide Y is the endogenous brain peptide responsible for immunostaining of pancreatic polypeptide-like immunoreactivity in the mammalian brain.
Parallel expression of macrophage metalloelastase (MMP-12) in duodenal and skin lesions of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (2001)

Upregulation of metalloelastase is associated with T cell mediated immune responses both in the intestine and skin. In addition to modulating macrophage migration, it may contribute to degradation of proteoglycans or basement membrane components in the subepithelial mucosa.
Sperm oil replacements: Synthetic wax esters from selectively hydrogenated soybean and linseed oils (1977)

Abstract and Summary Synthetic wax esters with properties similar to those of sperm whale oil have been prepared entirely from soybean and linseed oils. the synthesis required: (a) selective hydrogenation of the oils with copper‐on‐silica gel catalyst, (b) hydrogenolysis of fatty acids to fatty alcohols with copper‐cadmiumchromium catalyst, and (c) esterification of hydrogenolysis products to yield predominantly long chain fatty esters which contained unsaturation in both the alcohol and acid moieties. Similarity of physical and chemical properties indicate that these wax esters are possible replacements for sperm oil. After sulfurization, the wax esters also have potential as extreme pressure lubricant additives.