gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metal‐Free Oxidative <i>para</i> Cross‐Coupling of Phenols (2013)

CC coupling: Direct oxidative coupling reactions are an attractive tool for environmentally benign chemistry. The oxidative biaryl coupling reaction of phenols with various arenes at the para positions with hypervalent iodine reagents may also be included in this category. The reaction proceeds under very mild conditions without metal catalysts in a very short time under ambient conditions (see scheme; HFIP=hexafluoroisopropanol). As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
MEADE: Towards a Malicious Email Attachment Detection Engine (2018)

Email attachments are a growing delivery vector for malware. While machine learning (ML) has been successfully applied to portable executable (PE) malware detection, we ask, can we extend static ML approaches to detect malware across common email attachment file types, e.g., office documents and Zip archives? To this end, we collected a dataset of over 5 million malicious/benign Microsoft Office documents along with a smaller data set, which we use to provide more realistic estimates of thresholds for false positive rates on in-the-wild data. We also collected a dataset of approximately 500k malicious/benign Zip archives on which we performed a separate evaluation. We analyzed predictive performance using 70/30 train/test time splits, evaluating feature and classifier types that have been applied successfully in commercial PE antimalware products and R &D contexts. Using deep neural networks and gradient boosted decision trees, we are able to obtain ROC curves with > 0.99 AUC on both office document and Zip archive datasets. Discussion of deployment viability in various antimalware contexts is provided.
Ozone Oxidation of Phenanthrene to Diphenic Acid (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOzone Oxidation of Phenanthrene to Diphenic AcidWilliam O'Connor, William Schmitt, and Emil MoriconiCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1957, 49, 10, 1701–1702Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50574a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50574a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views146Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Development of uranium exploration methods using adon (1969)

This report gives the results of tests carried out during the 1968 field season to determine the applicability of the radon method for detailed prospecting for uranium. Radon tests in surface waters and in soils were carried out in three different geological environments; the Gatineau Hills, Quebec, and Sudbury and Elliot Lake, Ontario. In the Gatineau Hills, seasonal variations, variations with depth of lake, with distance from shore, and with distance from uranium occurrence along shore, were studied. The results suggest that surface and underground water drainage is responsible for the radon and radium in the lake systems. Where the overburden is one or two feet thick on-site radon and thoron determinations in soil emanations in the Gatineau Hills outlined radioactive pegmatites somewhat more clearly than did gamma-ray tests. Although radon levels varied by a factor of two, anomalies related to source were detected throughout the field season. A radon anomaly, detected in a reconnaissance survey of the surface waters of the eastern quarter of the Sudbury irruptive, appears to be similar in origin to the anomalies investigated in the Gatineau Hills. Radon and gamma-ray levels across the copper-nickel ore borders were comparatively low and meaningless. In the Elliot Lake area the distribution of radon in four lakes was studied; two in the contaminated westward drainage channel of the southern limb of the Quirke syncline, and two in uncontaminated terrain overlying the uranium-ore-bearing Matinenda Formation. The results from the contaminated lakes demonstrate some of the principles of the radon prospecting method very well except for the fact that man, rather than nature, introduced the radium which gives rise to the high radon levels in the water system. The radon levels in the uncontaminated lakes are at least a factor of ten lower than in the contaminated lakes, and straddle the sensitivity limit of the instrument. Some shallow creek deltas are reflected in the radon profiles 50 feet from the mouth of the creek and hence could serve as starting points for regional investigations. Relative to the lakes in the Gatineau Hills, the radon levels in the two uncontaminated lakes in the Elliot Lake region are low. Regional backgrounds, rather than absolute radon levels, must therefore be employed to determine anomalies. On-site radon determinations in soil emanations across the uranium ore zone at the Rio Algom Quirke Mine outline the ore zone more distinctly than do gammaray determinations. Soil tests across the projected contact of the Matinenda Formation in the southern limb of the Quirke syncline gave a negative anomaly at the contact. In general the investigations have shown that depending on the medium and sampling density employed, the radon method can outline radioactive sources on a reconnaissance scale as well as on a more detailed scale.
Zinc oxide integrated area efficient high output low power wavy channel thin film transistor (2013)

We report an atomic layer deposition based zinc oxide channel material integrated thin film transistor using wavy channel architecture allowing expansion of the transistor width in the vertical direction using the fin type features. The experimental devices show area efficiency, higher normalized output current, and relatively lower power consumption compared to the planar architecture. This performance gain is attributed to the increased device width and an enhanced applied electric field due to the architecture when compared to a back gated planar device with the same process conditions.
Clinical outcome of chronic immunosuppression in patients with non‐infectious uveitis (2005)

In patients with uveitis affecting the posterior segment, the addition of all second-line immunosuppressive therapy was effective in allowing reduction of the dose of systemic prednisolone to 10 mg/day or less, in controlling intraocular inflammation, reducing the number of relapses and in maintaining vision. Because of their side-effects, immunosuppressive treatment should be individualized and monitored closely but its addition is beneficial in the short and longer term.
Analysis and Flow Modeling of Single Well MicroPilot to Evaluate the Performance of Chemical EOR Agents (2010)

Abstract Many Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) applications involve injection of fluids into oil reservoirs to displace and recover as much of the remaining oil as possible. Typical maturation of (chemical) EOR involves phase and compatibility testing in the laboratory, displacement experiments in cores before single or multi-well pilot trials in the field, leading eventually to full field implementation. Recently, a new technique referred to as MicroPilot* has been introduced as an intermediate step to take laboratory results into the field, providing valuable data for pilot design and implementation. The MicroPilot* is a log-inject-log method executed under in-situ conditions downhole in a matter of hours. A suite of wireline openhole logs are utilized to determine the initial saturations. The test then continues with a formation tester string which can drill into open hole, cleanup and inject an EOR agent into the formation. Following injection, the suite of open hole logs are run again to evaluate the effectiveness of the flood by measuring the change in oil saturation and the dimensions of the flood. The world’s first successful test has been run in a medium heavy-oil field in the Sultanate of Oman with Alkaline Surfactant Polymer (ASP) solution as the EOR agent. Post-injection formation image logs clearly show the swept zone and an oil bank. In this paper we take the analysis of the test a step further and present dynamic simulation modeling results using the acquired data as benchmark parameters for the history match. Grid verification using single-phase pressure transient analysis is discussed. Each phase of the test is modeled and history-matched to the acquired data. The electrical borehole image log response is matched together with the vertical saturation profile seen on the post injection NMR log. During the history match, formation parameters are fine tuned and some parameters describing the EOR displacement process in the simulator are studied in more detail. The history matching effort not only provided a consistency check for the field observed data but can also help determine a few key modeling parameters prior to possible field pilot planning.
A method for reducing the energy dissipation in wireless sensor networks using edge node (2010)

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are currently receiving significant attention due to their unlimited potential and many fields of application. Prolonged network lifetime, scalability, and load balancing are important requirements for many sensor network applications. Organizing sensor nodes in clusters is an effective technique for achieving these goals. In this work, we propose a new approach for reducing the energy dissipation in the network. The main idea behind the approach is the introduction of an edge node, which acts as both data aggregation point for all cluster heads and a communication point between the base station (BS) and the cluster field.
CD8 T cell memory in B cell-deficient mice. (1996)

Antigen presentation by B cells and persistence of antigen-antibody complexes on follicular dendritic cells (FDC) have been implicated in sustaining T cell memory. In this study we have examined the role of B cells and antibody in the generation and maintenance of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) memory. To address this issue we compared CTL responses to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) in normal (+/+) versus B cell-deficient mice. The CTL response to acute LCMV infection can be broken down into three distinct phases: (a) the initial phase (days 3-8 after infection) of antigen-driven expansion of virus-specific CD8+ T cells and the development of effector CTL (i.e., direct ex vivo killers); (b) a phase of death (between days 10 and 30 after infection) during which >95% of the virus-specific CTL die and the direct effector activity subsides; and (c) the phase of long-term memory (after day 30) that is characterized by a stable pool of memory CTL that persist for the life span of the animal. The role of B cells in each of these three phases of the CTL response was analyzed. We found that B cells were not required for the expansion and activation of virus-specific CTL. The kinetics and magnitude of the effector CTL response, as measured by direct killing of infected targets by ex vivo isolated splenocytes, was identical in B cell-deficient and +/+ mice. Also, the expansion of CD8+ T cells was not affected by the absence of B cells and/or antibody; in both groups of mice there was an approximately 10,000-fold increase in the number of LCMV-specific CTL and a greater than 10-fold increase in the total number of activated (CD44hi) CD8+ T cells during the first week after virus infection. Although no differences were seen during the "expansion" phase, we found that the "death" phase was more pronounced in B cell-deficient mice. However, this increased cell death was not selective for LCMV-specific CTL, and during this period the total number of CD8+ T cells also dropped substantially more in B cell-deficient mice. As a result of this, the absolute numbers of LCMV-specific CTL were lower in B cell-deficient mice but the frequencies were comparable in both groups of mice. More significantly, the memory phase of the CTL response was not affected by the absence of B cells and a stable number of LCMV-specific CTL persisted in B cell-deficient mice for up to 6 mo. Upon reinfection, B cell-deficient mice that had resolved an acute LCMV infection were able to make accelerated CTL responses in vivo and eliminated virus more efficiently than naive B cell-deficient mice. Thus, CTL memory, as assessed by frequency of virus-specific CTL or protective immunity, does not decline in the absence of B cells. Taken together, these results show that neither B cells nor antigen-antibody complexes are essential for the maintenance of CD8+ CTL memory.
Plexin-B1 Activates NF-κB and IL-8 to Promote a Pro-Angiogenic Response in Endothelial Cells (2011)

These findings provide evidence that Sema4D/Plexin-B1-mediated NF-κB activation and IL-8 production is critical in the generation a pro-angiogenic phenotype in endothelial cells and suggests a new therapeutic target for the anti-angiogenic treatment of some cancers.
Ectopic expression of activated Ras1 induces hyperplastic growth and increased cell death in <i>Drosophila</i> imaginal tissues (1998)

The Drosophila Ras1 gene is required for proper cell fate specification throughout development, and the loss-of-function phenotype of Ras1 suggests an additional role in cell proliferation or survival. A direct role for RAS1 in promoting cell proliferation, however, has not been established. We show that expression of an activated form of RAS1 (RAS1V12) during Drosophila imaginal disc development is sufficient to drive ectopic cell proliferation and hyperplastic tissue growth. In addition, expression of RAS1V12 induces widespread cell death in the imaginal discs, including cells not expressing the transgene, which results in ablation of adult structures. Loss-of-function mutations in the genes encoding RAF, MEK, MAPK and KSR dominantly suppress RAS1V12-induced cell proliferation. Furthermore, two RAS effector loop mutations (E37G and Y40C) that block the RAS-RAF interaction, also suppress RAS1V12-induced proliferation, consistent with a requirement for the MAPK cascade during the RAS1 mitogenic response. These two RAS effector loop mutants, however, retain some activity and can act synergistically with a MAPK gain-of-function mutation, suggesting that RAS1 may also act through signaling pathway(s) distinct from the MAPK cascade.
Adaptive impedance matching in power line communication (2005)

Power line communication is a promising communication method. Yet it is not widely used for the reason of relative high BER (bit error rate) and instability during communication. A primary cause of this poor performance is the time varying characteristics of power line. It leads to the variation in line impedance, and thus the impedance on the interface of communication equipment cannot match with it. So there are heavy attenuation and distortion during signal transfer, and the power cannot be sent out or received completely. In this paper, a new method that performs impedance matching using auto adaptation is presented. It measures the current line impedance, compares it with a typical value, and then selects the proper parameters of matching components to make a good matching. Since it makes a continuous adaptation between power line and communication equipment, the power sent out to the line and received by the receiver is maximized.
Potent inhibition of pepsin and penicillopepsin by phosphorus-containing peptide analogs (1990)

Phosphinic and phosphonic acid peptide derivatives have been evaluated as inhibitors of the aspartic proteases pepsin and penicillopepsin. The most potent of those studied is isovaleryl-Val-Val-LeuP-(O)Phe-Ala-Ala-OMe (4) (Leup represents the phosphonic acid analogue of leucine; (O)Phe represents L-?-phenyllactic acid, the alcohol analogue of phenylalanine), for which the Ki values for pepsin and penicillopepsin are 0.26 and 0.19 nM, respectively. While this compound binds to penicillopepsin with an association rate constant, kon, of (6.5 ± 1.5) x 105 M-1 s-1, it does not show slow- or two-step binding with pepsin. The binding of Cbz-Ala-Ala-LeuP-(O)Phe-OMe (1) to penicillopepsin is strongly dependent on pH: in comparison to pH 4.5, the affinity at pH 3.5 is increased 10-fold and at pH 5.5 it is decreased 40-fold. The two diastereomers of a nonionic phosphinamide analogue (10A, 10B) of a statine-containing inhibitor were prepared; however, both are significantly weaker inhibitors of pepsin than the phosphinic acid itself (7)
Soft-Core Processors for Embedded Systems (2006)

A soft-core processor is a hardware description language (HDL) model of a specific processor (CPU) that can be customized for a given application and synthesized for an ASIC or FPGA target. In many applications, soft-core processors provide several advantages over custom designed processors such as reduced cost, flexibility, platform independence and greater immunity to obsolescence. Embedded systems are hardware and software components working together to perform a specific function. Usually they contain embedded processors that are often in the form of soft-core processors that execute software code. This paper presents a survey of soft-core processors that are used in embedded systems. Several soft-core processors available from commercial vendors and open-source communities are reviewed and compared based on major architectural features. In addition, several real world examples of embedded systems that employ soft-core processors are summarized. As the complexity of embedded systems continues to increase, it is expected that the usage of customizable soft-core processors will become more widespread.
Ovostatin: a novel proteinase inhibitor from chicken egg white. I. Purification, physicochemical properties, and tissue distribution of ovostatin. (1983)

A proteinase inhibitor which has strong anti-collagenase activity was found in chicken egg white. The inhibitor (pI = 4.9) was purified by poly(ethylene glycol) (5.5-10%) precipitation and chromatography on Ultrogel AcA 34, DEAE-cellulose, and Sephacryl S-300. The final product was homogeneous on 5% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Stoichiometric inhibition was observed with the inhibitor and rabbit synovial collagenase and thermolysin (1:1 molar ratio with thermolysin). The inhibitor ran on sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis with reduction as a single protein band of Mr = 165,000. The molecular weight of the native inhibitor was estimated to be 780,000 by sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation. Centrifugation analysis in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride and of the reduced sample gave M omega = 380,000 and M omega = 195,000, respectively, where M omega is the weight-average molecular weight determined by equilibrium ultra-centrifugation. The results indicated that the inhibitor molecule is a tetramer of identical subunits linked in pairs by disulfide bonds. Since the molecular weight and the quaternary structure of the inhibitor were similar to those of alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) in plasma, chicken alpha 2M was isolated and compared with the inhibitor. The inhibitor was not sensitive to methylamine, whereas chicken alpha 2M was. No immunocross-reactivity was observed between the inhibitor and chicken alpha 2M. The NH2-terminal sequence of the egg white inhibitor is Lys-Glu-Pro-Glu-Pro-Gln-Tyr-Val-Leu-Met-Val-Pro-Ala. The sequence of chicken alpha 2M is Ser-Thr-Val-Thr-Glu-Pro-Gln-Tyr-Met-Val-Leu-Leu-Pro-Phe. Considerable homology was found between the two sequences and to the NH2-terminal sequence of human alpha 2M. Monospecific antibody raised against the egg white inhibitor was employed to examine the tissue distribution of the inhibitor. The inhibitor was found only in oviduct and egg white, but not in other tissues or serum of chickens.
A Preoperative Planning Procedure for Robotically Assisted Minimally Invasive Interventions (2004)

Abstract. A successful robotically assisted minimally invasive intervention necessitates preoperative planning which is done by the surgeon to prepare the intervention and to decide about the best access to the surgical site. In the context of robotically assisted minimally invasive surgery, this requires to optimally place ports and robots such that important conditions and requirements like sufficient dexterity, optimal view and a collision free workspace are satisfied. This paper describes the preoperative planning procedure currently under development for the DLR minimally invasive robotic surgery system which utilizes an optimization procedure. 1
The Degradation and Regeneration of α-Lipoic Acid under the Irradiation of UV Light in the Existence of Homocysteine (2009)

alpha-Lipoic acid (LA) is the one of the strongest antioxidants to be utilized in supplement, skin ointment and so on. The distorted five membered dithiolane ring of LA, which is necessary structure to work as a cofactor of enzyme, is considerably vulnerable to UV irradiation. LA is easily decomposed by photoirradiation resulting in the loss of its characteristic absorption band at 333 nm. The photodegradation of LA means loss of its physiological activity, so that protection of LA from UV light is eagerly desired. Thiol compounds can be regarded as a potential candidate. In order to pursue the possibility of the thiol compounds in prevention of LA degradation, we examined the photoirradiation of LA in the presence and absence of homocysteine.