gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stereo zoom microphone for consumer video cameras (1989)

A compact, built-in stereo zoom microphone for consumer video cameras is described. This system provides for automatic adjustment of the audio mixing ratio, interlocked to the optical zoom lens to achieve psychoacoustically balanced natural sound. The system is designed to work in a full-stereo recording condition at viewing angle and a monaural super-directional recording condition in the telescopic mode, in conjunction with control of the optical zoom lens. The sensitivity is modified in accordance with zooming magnification of the lens. Results of an experiment performed to evaluate the acoustic zoom effect and the coordination between image and sound show that this system has psychoacoustically better results than the conventional monaural-type zoom microphone.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A 60 GHz Multi-port Receiver with Analog Carrier Recovery for Ultra Wideband Wireless Personal Area Networks (2008)

A 60 GHz multi-port heterodyne receiver (MPHR) with rapid analog carrier recovery circuit is presented in this paper. The millimeter-wave frequency conversion is performed using a passive circuit, the multi-port interferometer, and related power detectors, avoiding the conventional millimeter-wave active costly mixers. The operating principle of MPHR and the demodulation results of 500 Mb/s QPSK signal are presented and discussed in this paper. This receiver is an excellent candidate for the future low-cost, ultra wideband, short range, millimeter-wave wireless personal area networks.
Differential glycosylation of N‐POMC<sup>1–77</sup> regulates the production of γ<sub>3</sub>‐MSH by purified pro‐opiomelanocortin converting enzyme A possible mechanism for tissue‐specific processing (1991)

The amino terminus of bovine pro-opiomelanocortin (N-POMC1-77) is partially processed in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary to N-POMC1-49 and lys-gamma 3-melanotropin. Two pools of N-POMC1-77 were isolated which were differentially glycosylated at threonine45, while N-POMC1-49 isolated from bovine intermediate lobe extracts existed in a non-glycosylated form. This suggested that differential O-linked glycosylation of N-POMC1-77 may regulate cleavage at the Arg49-Lys50 processing site. We tested this hypothesis by incubating N-POMC1-77 glycoforms with purified proopiomelanocortin converting enzyme. Only non-O-glycosylated N-POMC1-77 and O-glycosylated N-POMC1-77 with truncated oligosaccharide sidechains were sensitive to cleavage and generated predominantly lys-gamma 3-melanotropin, identified by high-performance liquid chromatography. These data provide the first functional evidence to support a role for differential O-linked glycosylation in the regulation of the processing of the N-terminus of bovine POMC.
<title>Passive coherent location FPGA implementation of the cross ambiguity function</title> (2006)

One of key problem in passive coherent location (PCL) is effective and accurate computation of the cross ambiguity function (CAF). This function is related to the direct signal and signals reflected from localized targets. PCL systems exploit high-power commercial transmitters of opportunity (FM, TV, etc.) to take advantage of lower frequencies, multistatic geometries and covert deployment. The transmitter does not have to cooperate with the receiver. The CAF represent power spectral density distribution of the cross-correlation between direct and reflected signals. It depends on mutual time delay and frequency shift of the input signals and is considerate as primary information for detection, localization and identification of the tracked targets. Regarding above mentioned reasons has to be important develop optimal (numerically effective and sufficiently accurate) implementation of the HW architecture based on FPGA for CAF computation, which will be suitable for future real-time PCL systems. As a first result which originates on the ongoing mutual cooperation between ERA a.s. and UTIA is design of the PC accelerator card for CAF computation based on Xilinx FPGA processor. The presented contribution gives overall information about used algorithms, FPGA accelerator card design and achieved performance. The future possibilities of the additional enhancements are discussed.
Investigating the prospects of using novel thermal power pump cycle coupled with reverse osmosis system for water desalination (2014)

This paper presents theoretical and experimental study of new thermal power pump cycle for water desalination. The operation, thermodynamic cycle and design of the proposed pump-cycle-operated reverse osmosis system are explained with the aid of system schematics and thermodynamic process diagrams. Theoretical performance of the thermal power pump cycle alone and in combination with a reverse osmosis system is presented. The advantages of the proposed thermal power pump cycle in relation to conventional power cycles are discussed. The proposed system is predicted to consume between 29MJ and 250MJ of thermal energy at approximately 80C in order to produce 1m³ of fresh water from 2m³ of feed water with salt concentration between 5,000g/m³ and 45,000g/m³.
Indole alkaloids: dihydroteleocidin B, teleocidin, and lyngbyatoxin A as members of a new class of tumor promoters. (1981)

Dihydroteleocidin B, which is a derivative of teleocidin from Streptomyces, showed potent tumor-promoting activity in vivo when painted on mouse skin. Although the chemical structure of dihydroteleocidin B is entirely different from those of phorbol esters, the tumor-promoting activity of dihydroteleocidin B was found to be comparable to that of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) in vivo. Teleocidin from Streptomyces and lyngbyatoxin A and debromoaplysiatoxin from the marine blue-green alga Lyngbya majuscula induced ornithine decarboxylase activity when painted on mouse skin, their effects being similar to those of dihyroteleocidin B and TPA. 13-cis-Retinoic acid inhibited this ornithine decarboxylase induction when painted on the skin 1 hr before these natural products. These three compounds produced adhesion of human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) to the flasks and inhibited differentiation of Friend erythroleukemia cells induced by dimethyl sulfoxide. The in vitro biological potencies of teleocidin and lyngbyatoxin A were almost as great as those of dihydroteleocidin B and TPA, but that of debromoaplysiatoxin was much weaker.
Cyclobenzaprine extended release for acute low back and neck pain (2009)

Low back and neck pain are common clinical complaints that have a substantial social impact and incur considerable direct and indirect costs. Skeletal muscle relaxants (SMRs) are one of a number of therapy options for patients with these conditions. SMRs are effective in relieving acute muscle spasm associated with nonspecific low back or neck pain; however, patient acceptability of SMRs is reduced by frequent dosing (three- to four-times daily) and the occurrence of somnolence and sedation. Cyclobenzaprine immediate release is an SMR that has consistently been shown to be significantly more effective than placebo in the treatment of low back and neck pain. Cyclobenzaprine extended release, approved by the US FDA in February 2007, is a once-daily SMR that retains the clinical efficacy of the immediate-release formulation, but has a reduced frequency of the adverse events of daytime sleepiness and dizziness versus the immediate-release formulation.
Antioxidative Activity of Sulfur-Containing Compounds in <i>Allium</i> Species for Human Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Oxidation in Vitro (2003)

Sulfur-containing compounds contributing to health promotion in Allium species are produced via enzymic and thermochemical reactions. Sulfur-containing amino acids and volatile organosulfur compounds were prepared for an antioxidative assay. The inhibitory activity of S-alk(en)yl-l-cysteines and their sulfoxides, volatile alk(en)yl disulfides and trisulfides, and vinyldithiins in Allium species against lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) formation in human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was examined. It was elucidated that the alk(en)yl substituents (methyl, propyl, and allyl) and the number of sulfur atoms in the compounds were important for the antioxidative activity. 3,4-Dihydro-3-vinyl-1,2-dithiin, which is produced by a thermochemical reaction of allyl 2-propenethiosulfinate, exhibited the highest antioxidative activity of human LDL among sulfur-containing compounds.
Developmental RacGAP α2-Chimaerin Signaling Is a Determinant of the Morphological Features of Dendritic Spines in Adulthood (2015)

Recent studies of neurodevelopmental disorders in humans and their animal models have led to an attractive hypothesis that spine morphogenesis during development forms the basis of adult cognition. In particular, the roles of Rac and its regulators, such as Rac-specific GTPase-activating proteins (RacGAPs) and Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factors, are a topic of focus in spine morphogenesis and cognitive ability. Using a series of mice with global and conditional knock-out (KO) of RacGAP α-chimaerin isoforms (α1-chimaerin and α2-chimaerin), we provide compelling evidence demonstrating that α2-chimaerin is involved in spine morphological refinement during late postnatal development and that this developmental α2-chimaerin function affects adult spine morphologies. Furthermore, our results clearly showed that α2-chimaerin signaling during late postnatal development contributes to normal cognitive ability in adult mice.
Integrated Acidity and the Pathophysiology of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (2001)

Integrated esophageal and gastric acidity provide quantitative measures of GERD pathophysiology and, compared to conventional pH parameters, should enhance evaluation of therapeutic interventions.
Synthesis of Ultralarge Molecular Weight Bottlebrush Polymers Using Grubbs' Catalysts (2004)

This paper describes two methods to synthesize bottlebrush polymers with molecular weights from 1 million to over 60 million g mol-1 using Grubbs' first and second generation catalysts. In the first method, macromonomers of poly(l-lactide) were synthesized using tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate and terminated on one end with a norbornyl group. Grubbs' first generation catalyst polymerized macromonomers with one poly(l-lactide) chain per norbornene, and Grubbs' second generation catalyst polymerized macromonomers with two poly(l-lactide) chains per norbornene. The predicted and measured molecular weights closely matched each other, and the polydispersities of the bottlebrush polymers were between 1.05 and 1.39. These examples are the first where Grubbs' second generation catalyst can be considered living for ROMP. In the second method, the backbone was polymerized first, and polylactide arms with molecular weights from 15 000 to 50 000 g mol-1 were polymerized from the backbone. Polymers that were shaped as spheres or rigid rods were synthesized. The polymers were analyzed by GPC, MALLS, QELS, and 1H NMR.
Wireless strain sensing microsystem (2005)

This paper describes a high-performance wireless strain sensing microsystem. A MEMS capacitive strain sensor converts an input strain to a capacitance change with a sensitivity of 26.5 aF per 0.1 /spl mu//spl epsiv/. Low-noise integrated sensing electronics employing a continuous time synchronous detection architecture convert the capacitive signal to an output voltage for further signal processing. An RF to DC converter based on inductive coupled coils converts a 50 MHz AC signal to a stable DC supply of 2.8 V with a current driving capability of 2 mA, sufficient to power the interface sensing electronics. A two-channel digital phase shift keying (PSK) and amplitude shift keying (LSK) passive telemetry achieve a wireless data transmission rate of 5 Mbps and 250 kbps, respectively, which are adequate for sending the strain data and temperature information for thermal compensation. The prototype microsystem achieves a minimum detectable strain of 0.9 n/spl epsiv// /spl radic/Hz with a maximum input strain of 1000 /spl mu//spl epsiv/.
Fibroblast involvement in soft connective tissue calcification (2013)

Soft connective tissue calcification is not a passive process, but the consequence of metabolic changes of local mesenchymal cells that, depending on both genetic and environmental factors, alter the balance between pro- and anti-calcifying pathways. While the role of smooth muscle cells and pericytes in ectopic calcifications has been widely investigated, the involvement of fibroblasts is still elusive. Fibroblasts isolated from the dermis of pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) patients and of patients exhibiting PXE-like clinical and histopathological findings offer an attractive model to investigate the mechanisms leading to the precipitation of mineral deposits within elastic fibers and to explore the influence of the genetic background and of the extracellular environment on fibroblast-associated calcifications, thus improving the knowledge on the role of mesenchymal cells on pathologic mineralization.
Synthesis of Proteins and Glycoproteins in Cells Infected with Human Cytomegalovirus (1977)

In cytomegalovirus-infected cells, the rate of protein synthesis was detected as two peaks. One occurred during the early phase of infection, 0 to 36 h postinfection, and the other occurred during the late phase, after the initiation of viral DNA synthesis. Double-isotopic-label difference analysis demonstrated that host and viral proteins were synthesized simultaneously during both phases. In the early phase, approximately 70 to 90% of the total proteins synthesized were host proteins, whereas approximately 10 to 30% were viral, even at a multiplicity of infection of 20 PFU/cell. Virus-related proteins or glycoproteins were referred to as infected-cell specific (ICS). Two ICS glycoproteins (gp145 and 100) were clearly detectable and were synthesized preferentially in the early phase of infection. Their synthesis was concomitant with stimulation of the protein synthesis rate. In the late phase of infection, approximately 50 to 60% of the total protein synthesis was viral and approximately 40 to 50% was host. The ICS proteins and glycoproteins detected during the late phase of infection were viral structural proteins. Infectious virus was not detectable until 48 to 72 h postinfection. An inhibitor of viral DNA synthesis, phosphonoacetic acid, prevented the appearance of the late-phase ICS proteins and glycoproteins, but there was little or no effect on early ICS glycoprotein synthesis. Radiolabeled ICS proteins and glycoproteins were identified by their relative rates of synthesis, by their different electrophoretic mobilities compared with those of host proteins and host glycoproteins, and by their similar electrophoretic mobilities compared to those of proteins and glycoproteins associated with virions and dense bodies of cytomegalovirus. Structural viral antigens in the infected-cell extracts were removed by immunoprecipitation, using F(ab')(2) fragments of cytomegalovirus-specific antibodies, and identified as described above. The last two criteria were used to identify viral structural ICS proteins and glycoproteins. Although approximately 35 structural proteins were found to be associated with purified virions and dense bodies, the continued synthesis of host cell proteins complicated their identification in infected cells. Nevertheless, seven of the nine structural glycoproteins were identified as ICS glycoproteins.
Automatic formal verification of DSP software (2000)

This paper describes a novel formal verification approach for equivalence checking of small, assembly-language routines for digital signal processors (DSP). By combining control-flow analysis, symbolic simulation, automatic decision procedures, and some domain-specific optimizations, we have built an automatic verification tool that compares structurally similar DSP assembly language routines. We tested our tool on code samples taken from a real application program and discovered several previously unknown bugs automatically. Runtime and memory requirements were reasonable on all examples. Our approach should generalize easily for multiple DSP architectures, eventually allowing comparison of code for two different DSPs (e.g., to verify a port from one DSP to another) and handling more complex DSPs (e.g. statically-scheduled, VLIW).
Low-level light therapy of the eye and brain (2011)

Low-level light therapy (LLLT) using red to near-infrared light energy has gained attention in recent years as a new scientific approach with therapeutic applications in ophthalmology, neurology, and psychiatry. The ongoing therapeutic revolution spearheaded by LLLT is largely propelled by progress in the basic science fields of photobiology and bioenergetics. This paper describes the mechanisms of action of LLLT at the molecular, cellular, and nervous tissue levels. Photoneuromodulation of cytochrome oxidase activity is the most important primary mechanism of action of LLLT. Cytochrome oxidase is the primary photoacceptor of light in the red to near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. It is also a key mitochondrial enzyme for cellular bioenergetics, especially for nerve cells in the retina and the brain. Evidence shows that LLLT can secondarily enhance neural metabolism by regulating mitochondrial function, intraneuronal signaling systems, and redox states. Current knowledge about LLLT dosimetry relevant for its hormetic effects on nervous tissue, including noninvasive in vivo retinal and transcranial effects, is also presented. Recent research is reviewed that supports LLLT potential benefits in retinal disease, stroke, neurotrauma, neurodegeneration, and memory and mood disorders. Since mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in neurodegeneration, LLLT has potential significant applications against retinal and brain damage by counteracting the consequences of mitochondrial failure. Upon transcranial delivery in vivo, LLLT induces brain metabolic and antioxidant beneficial effects, as measured by increases in cytochrome oxidase and superoxide dismutase activities. Increases in cerebral blood flow and cognitive functions induced by LLLT have also been observed in humans. Importantly, LLLT given at energy densities that exert beneficial effects does not induce adverse effects. This highlights the value of LLLT as a novel paradigm to treat visual, neurological, and psychological conditions, and supports that neuronal energy metabolism could constitute a major target for neurotherapeutics of the eye and brain.
Analysis of linear microstrip using an arbitrary ferromagnetic substance as the substrate (1969)

A Green's function of the vector potential for a microstrip is derived on the basis of the image theory after Silvester and the duality property of electric and magnetic fields of the TEM mode. It is also shown that the stationary equation similar to the variational equation for the electrostatic capacitance of the microstrip is given for its inductance with a magnetic substrate.
Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances in commercially available biosolid‐based products: The effect of treatment processes (2019)

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been used in a variety of consumer and industrial products and are known to accumulate in sewage sludge due to sorption and their recalcitrant nature. Treatment processes ensure safe and high-quality biosolids by reducing the potential for adverse environmental impacts such as pathogen levels; however, they have yet to be evaluated for their impact on the fate of PFAS. The objective of this study was to compare PFAS concentrations in four commercially available biosolid-based products that received different types of treatments: heat treatment, composting, blending, and thermal hydrolysis. Seventeen perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) were quantified using liquid chromatography with tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry followed by screening for 30 PFAA precursors. Treatment processes did not reduce PFAA loads except for blending, which served only to dilute concentrations. Several PFAA precursors were identified with 6:2 and 8:2 fluorotelomer phosphate diesters in all samples pre- and post-treatment. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Heat treatment and composting increased perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) concentrations. Only dilution from blending with non-PFAS material decreased PFAA concentrations. Thermal hydrolysis process had no apparent effect on PFAA concentrations. PFAS sources are a greater driver of PFAS loads in biosolid-based products than treatment processes.
Large-Area Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detector With Double-Stage Avalanche Structure (2016)

We propose a novel design of superconducting nanowire avalanche photodetectors (SNAPs), which combines the advantages of multistage avalanche SNAPs to lower the avalanche current I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">AV</sub> and that of series-SNAPs to reduce the reset time. As proof of principle, we fabricated 800 devices with large detection area (15 μm × 15 μm) and five different designs on a single silicon chip for comparison, which include standard SNSPDs, series-3-SNAPs, and our modified series-SNAPs with double-stage avalanche structure 2*2-SNAPs, 2*3-SNAPs, and 3*3-SNAPs. The former three types of the detectors demonstrate fully saturated device detection efficiencies of ~20% while the latter two types are latching at larger bias currents. In addition, the I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">AV</sub> of 2*2-SNAPs is only 64% of the switching current I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SW</sub> that is lower than series-3-SNAPs (74%) and well below that of 4-SNAPs (84%) reported elsewhere. We also measure that the exponential decay times of the detectors are proportional to 1/ n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> due to the lack of external choke inductors. In particular, the decay time of 3*3-SNAPs is only 0.89 ns compared to the standard SNSPDs' 63.2 ns, showing the potential to attain GHz counting rates.
Melt‐processed biodegradable polyester blends of poly(<scp>L</scp>‐lactic acid) and poly(ε‐caprolactone): Effects of processing conditions on biodegradation (2007)

Abstract Biodegradable polyester blends were prepared from poly( L ‐lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) (50/50) by melt‐blending, and the effects of processing conditions (shear rate, time, and strain) of melt‐blending on proteinase‐K‐ and lipase‐catalyzed enzymatic degradability were investigated using gravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. The proteinase‐K‐catalyzed degradation rate of the blend films increased and leveled off with increasing the shear rate, time, or strain for melt‐blending, except for the shortest shear time of 60 s. The optimal processing conditions of melt‐blending giving the maximum rate of lipase‐catalyzed degradation were 9.6 × 10 2 s −1 and 180 s, whereas a deviation from these conditions caused a reduction in lipase‐catalyzed enzymatic degradation rate. At the highest shear rate of 2.2 × 10 3 s −1 , PCL‐rich phase was continuous in the blend films, irrespective of the shear time (or shear strain), whereas PLLA‐rich phase changed from dispersed to continuous by increasing the shear time (or shear strain). This study revealed that the biodegradability of PLLA/PCL blend materials can be manipulated by altering the processing conditions of melt‐blending (shear rate, time, or strain) or the sizes and morphology of PLLA‐rich and PCL‐rich domains. The method reported in the present study can be utilized for controlling the biodegradability of other biodegradable polyester blends. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 831–841, 2007