gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the refractive index of liquid using laser beam displacement (1992)

A simple method for measuring the refractive index of liquid is presented. When a laser beam impinges obliquely on a rectangular cell filled with liquid and passes through the cell, the propagation axis of the transmitted beam is displaced from that of the incident beam. By measuring the displacement, we can determine the refractive index of the liquid. Beams of a He-Ne laser and a laser diode were used for measuring the refractive indices of pure water and some organic liquids.
Intracordal fat injection for aspiration after recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis (1999)

International audience
The Evolutionary Origins of Intercellular Communication and the Maginot Lines of the Mind (1986)

By extending the evolutionary age of the vertebrate hormones from the vertebrates to include the metazoans, we expand their phyletic distribution about 30-fold. By tracing these molecules into the unicellular range including both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, the distribution of these molecules becomes very wide indeed. While "universal" or "ubiquitous" is probably not yet warranted, their recognition as "cosmic" molecules rather than "parochial" molecules does seem appropriate. Interestingly, the breakdown of the barriers for the hormonal molecules between the vertebrates and the rest of the metazoans, between the metazoans and the unicellular organisms, between the eukaryotes and prokaryotes, or the eubacteria and archebacteria is concordant with findings in multiple other systems. For example, hemoglobin or myoglobin is present in higher plants, Protozoa, and insects. The photosynthetic proteins of higher plants have their homologues in the photosynthetic bacteria, and the heat shock proteins of eukaryotes have their equivalents in the prokaryotes as well.
<title>A Review Of Electro-Optical Imaging Devices For Medical Applications</title> (1972)

In general, electro-optical imaging devices act as photon converters and/or amplifiers. They may convert and/or amplify a spectral distribution of input photons to output photons having a different spectral distribution. Alternatively, the input photons may be con-verted to an electron output current. Figure 1 is a generalized scheme which shows the multitude of possible image transfer and con-version routes which may be taken after the absorption of the input photons.
Roscovitine Inhibits Differentiation and Invasion in a Three-Dimensional Skin Reconstruction Model of Metastatic Melanoma (2007)

The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, roscovitine, in cultured melanoma cells and a three-dimensional skin reconstruction model of metastatic melanoma. The modulatory effects of roscovitine on the growth and survival of normal melanocytes and cultured melanoma cell lines were tested. Additionally, we investigated the potential of roscovitine to regulate the growth and differentiation of a metastatic melanoma cell line (A375) in a three-dimensional skin reconstruction culture consisting of A375 cells admixed with normal human keratinocytes embedded within a collagen-constricted fibroblast matrix. We show that roscovitine is able to induce apoptosis in the melanoma cell lines A375, 888, and 624 but not in normal human cultured epithelial melanocytes. The degree of apoptosis within these cell lines correlated with the accumulation of p53 protein and concomitant reduction of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein, with no change in the proteins Bcl-2 and survivin. We also found that roscovitine inhibited the growth and differentiation of A375 melanoma cells within the dermal layer of the skin. The results of this study show that roscovitine has the potential to inhibit the differentiation and invasion of metastatic melanoma and may be useful as a therapy for the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma.
High glucose concentrations <i>per se</i> do not adversely affect human sperm function <i>in vitro</i> (2015)

Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents one of the greatest concerns to global health and it is associated with diverse clinical complications, including reproductive dysfunction. Given the multifactorial nature of DM, the mechanisms that underlie reproductive dysfunction remain unclear. Considering that hyperglycemia has been described as a major effector of the disease pathophysiology, we used an in vitro approach to address the isolated effect of high glucose conditions on human sperm function, thus avoiding other in vivo confounding players. We performed a complete and integrated analysis by measuring a variety of important indicators of spermatozoa functionality (such as motility, viability, capacitation status, acrosomal integrity, mitochondrial superoxide production and membrane potential) in human sperm samples after incubation with d- and l-glucose (5, 25, or 50 mM) for 24 and 48 h. No direct effects promoted by 25 or 50 mM d-glucose were found for any of the parameters assessed (P>0.05), except for the acrosome reaction, which was potentiated after 48 h of exposure to 50 mM d-glucose (P<0.05). Interestingly, non-metabolizable l-glucose drastically increased superoxide production (P<0.05) and suppressed sperm motility (P<0.05) and capacitation (P<0.05) after 24 h of treatment, whereas mitochondrial membrane potential (P<0.05), acrosomal integrity (P<0.01) and viability (P<0.05) were later decreased. The overall results suggest that high glucose levels per se do not influence human sperm function in vitro, which stresses the importance of other factors involved in DM pathology. Nevertheless, the absence of metabolizable glucose contributes to a severe impairment of sperm function and thus compromises male fertility.
Modeling of inhomogeneous film deposition and target erosion in reactive sputtering (1990)

Presented is a generalized microphysical model for reactive sputtering, taking into account inhomogeneities of both the target erosion and the deposition of films on condensing surfaces of substrates and chamber walls. The integral quantities, as the total metal ejection rate or the reactive gas consumption, can be treated as if the erosion and deposition were homogeneous but over properly determined effective areas. Conversely, the local quantities, as the target coverage by the compound or the film composition, are strongly influenced by the inhomogeneities. Both chamber wall area Aw and the substrate area As influence the system behavior. An increase of As and/or decrease of Aw leads to higher reactive gas content in films. This effect makes it possible to use a simple flow rate control for a high rate deposition of nearly stoichiometric films, as TiN, in the metallic mode of target operation.
Determining shape and reflectance of Lambertian, specular, and hybrid surfaces using extended sources (2003)

A method is presented for determining the shape of surfaces whose reflectance properties can vary from Lambertian to specular, without prior knowledge of the relative strengths of the Lambertian and specular components of reflection. The object surface is illuminated using extended light sources and is viewed from a single direction. Surface illumination using extended sources makes it possible to ensure the detection of both Lambertian and specular reflections. Multiple source directions are used to obtain an image sequence of the object. An extraction algorithm uses the set of image intensity values measured at each surface point to compute orientation as well as relative strengths of the Lambertian and specular reflection components. The method, photometric sampling, uses samples of a photometric function that relates image intensity to surface orientation, reflectance, and light source characteristics. Experiments conducted on Lambertian surfaces, specular surfaces, and hybrid surfaces show high accuracy in measured orientations and estimated reflectance parameters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Efficient stimulation of HIV-1-specific T cells using dendritic cells electroporated with mRNA encoding autologous HIV-1 Gag and Env proteins (2005)

Infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is characterized by dysfunction of HIV-1-specific T cells. To control the virus, antigen-loaded dendritic cells (DCs) might be useful to boost and broaden HIV-specific T-cell responses. In the present study, monocyte-derived DCs from nontreated HIV-1-seropositive patients were electroporated with codon-optimized ("humanized") mRNA encoding consensus HxB-2 (hHXB-2) Gag protein. These DCs elicited a strong HIV-1 Gag-specific interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) response by an HLA-A2-restricted CD8+ T-cell line. Moreover, hHXB-2 gag mRNA-electroporated DCs also triggered IFN-gamma secretion by autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells from all patients tested. Next, a novel strategy was developed using autologous virus sequences. Significant specific IFN-gamma T-cell responses were induced in all patients tested by DCs electroporated with patients' autologous polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified and in vitro-transcribed proviral and plasma viral mRNA encoding either Gag or Env. The stimulatory effect was seen on PBMCs, CD8+ T cells, and CD4+ T cells, demonstrating both major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and MHC class II antigen presentation. Moreover, a significant interleukin-2 (IL-2) T-cell response was induced by DCs electroporated with hHxB-2 or proviral gag mRNA. These findings open a major perspective for the development of patient-specific immunotherapy for HIV-1 disease.
Estudio de la cartelera teatral de Valencia en el período de 1936-37 a través de "Fragua Social". (2002)

El articulo comprende un estudio monografico de la cartelera teatral de Valencia utilizando como fuente de informacion la coleccion de periodicos microfilmados de Fragua Social que se encuentran en la Biblioteca Valenciana situada en el Monasterio de San Miguel de los Reyes de Valencia.

Este trabajo forma parte de otro mas amplio La reconstruccion de la vida teatral de Valencia durante la Guerra Civil que es el titulo de la tesis doctoral que estoy elaborando.
Effect of Light Quality on Egg production of Caged Turkey Hens (1986)

Large White turkey breeders hens were exposed to blue, green, or red light or incandescent light throughout a 20-week egg laying period. All light sources were equalized on the basis of quantum irradiation at 3.0 × 1014 photons/cm2/sec and applied for 16 hr daily. Data were recorded for body weights, feed intake, and egg production. Body weight, feed intake, and total egg production were not significantly different among the light treatments. It was concluded that exposure of breeder turkey hens to lights of different spectral characteristics, but equalized in photon output, resulted in similar reproductive performances.
Mobile digital video system for law enforcement (2003)

The next generation of in-vehicle police video systems will be hybrid, consisting of a "front-end" analog video-sensing camera with a fully digital "back-end" recording and access system. Such a system allows random access to recorded events, which is faster and more efficient than VHS or Hi-8 linear tape systems currently in use. Since the recorded data is digital, it can be stored, sorted, and tagged with important information. Once stored it can be easily disseminated under direct computer control. This paper outlines an ongoing investigation into the use of current and future digital video and embedded computer technologies for law enforcement agencies. This investigation will help in understanding the tradeoff involved with these technologies as they apply to law enforcement. In addition, a prototype system is described that allows direct investigation of methodologies for digital video acquisition, storage, and dissemination.
THE OBSTETRIC PATIENT WITH TOXEMIA (1964)

From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oregon Medical School, Portland, Oregon
Realistic fault extraction for high-quality design and test of VLSI systems (2002)

The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology for circuit and realistic fault extraction, and its implementation in a new tool, lobs, to be included in a virtual test environment, DOTLab. Digital, analog and mixed signal ICs, implemented in CMOS, bipolar or BiCMOS technologies are handled both in Manhattan and 45/spl deg/ geometries. Higher level design data, obtained in the top-down design flow, is used for realistic fault characterization. A sliding window algorithm is extended for fault extraction of non-orthogonal geometries. An accurate critical area evaluation algorithm is proposed to compute the probability of occurrence of the defects. Over 100,000 transistor ICs are analyzed for bridging defects.
Novel solder-on-pad (SoP) technology for fine-pitch flip chip bonding (2010)

Solder-on-pad (SoP) technology gives the fine-pitch flip chip bonding manufacturability and reliability. For the SoP technology with pitch equal to or less than 150 μm pitch, there are many candidates. The cost-effectiveness will be one of the major criteria determining the industry preference. A novel bumping material, which is composed of a resin and Sn3Ag0.5Cu (SAC305) solder power, has been developed for the maskless solder-on-pad technology (SoP) of the fine pitch flip chip bonding. With this material, the solder bump array was successfully formed with pitch of 150 μm in one direction.
Crystallization of Indium Tin Oxide Nanoparticles: From Cooperative Behavior to Individuality (2006)

The crystallization pathway of indium tin oxide nanoparticles during solvothermal synthesis in benzyl alcohol was investigated. The synthesis was stopped after different reaction times in the range of 1-24 h, and the structural and morphological characteristics of the products were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Interestingly, the crystallization mechanism does not proceed along a simple nucleation and growth pathway, but involves a two-step process. In the first 12 h an intermediate phase is formed, which consists of nanocrystallites 3-6 nm in size stabilized by an organic matrix. In this organic-inorganic network the nanoparticles are aligned into superstructures, but without any crystallographic orientation. After 12 h the intermediate phase is abruptly transformed into indium tin oxide nanoparticles with the bixbyite structure and with crystallite sizes of about 10-12 nm. This step is accompanied by the disappearance of the organic phase and the loss of the superstructure.
Remodeling of intermediate metabolism in the diatom <i>Phaeodactylum tricornutum</i> under nitrogen stress (2014)

Diatoms are unicellular algae that accumulate significant amounts of triacylglycerols as storage lipids when their growth is limited by nutrients. Using biochemical, physiological, bioinformatics, and reverse genetic approaches, we analyzed how the flux of carbon into lipids is influenced by nitrogen stress in a model diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Our results reveal that the accumulation of lipids is a consequence of remodeling of intermediate metabolism, especially reactions in the tricarboxylic acid and the urea cycles. Specifically, approximately one-half of the cellular proteins are cannibalized; whereas the nitrogen is scavenged by the urea and glutamine synthetase/glutamine 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase pathways and redirected to the de novo synthesis of nitrogen assimilation machinery, simultaneously, the photobiological flux of carbon and reductants is used to synthesize lipids. To further examine how nitrogen stress triggers the remodeling process, we knocked down the gene encoding for nitrate reductase, a key enzyme required for the assimilation of nitrate. The strain exhibits 40-50% of the mRNA copy numbers, protein content, and enzymatic activity of the wild type, concomitant with a 43% increase in cellular lipid content. We suggest a negative feedback sensor that couples photosynthetic carbon fixation to lipid biosynthesis and is regulated by the nitrogen assimilation pathway. This metabolic feedback enables diatoms to rapidly respond to fluctuations in environmental nitrogen availability.
Optimum solubility (OS) screening: an efficient method to optimize buffer conditions for homogeneity and crystallization of proteins (2004)

One of the most critical steps in the preparation of protein samples for structural studies by X-ray crystallography is to obtain biochemically pure and conformationally homogenous protein samples. Very often, the purified sample does not meet these qualifications and therefore does not crystallize. A screening method, Optimum Solubility Screen, has been developed that consists of two steps. The first step selects a better buffer than that used during purification. 24 different buffers ranging from pH 3 to pH 10 are screened using a vapor-diffusion method and very small amounts of protein. The solubility of the protein is first determined by visual examination using a light microscope and those drops that remain clear after 24 h are further evaluated using dynamic light scattering. If the results from the first step are still not satisfactory, a second step explores a variety of chemical additives in order to improve the monodispersity of the protein sample. In 64% of the cases, crystallization was successful from proteins that had initially shown high levels of aggregation. This screen can be configured to perform in an automated high-throughput mode and can be expanded for additional buffers and additives.
Tagging and Linking Web Forum Posts (2010)

We propose a method for annotating post-to-post discourse structure in online user forum data, in the hopes of improving troubleshooting-oriented information access. We introduce the tasks of: (1) post classification, based on a novel dialogue act tag set; and (2) link classification. We also introduce three feature sets (structural features, post context features and semantic features) and experiment with three discriminative learners (maximum entropy, SVM-HMM and CRF). We achieve above-baseline results for both dialogue act and link classification, with interesting divergences in which feature sets perform well over the two sub-tasks, and go on to perform preliminary investigation of the interaction between post tagging and linking.
Formulation of an Integrating Framework for Conceptual Object-Oriented Systems Design (2003)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In this paper, a brief overview is given of the different alternatives to an integrating computational framework. A new framework will be introduced, which incorporates the latest computational techniques and more importantly a mind-set emphasizing flexibility, modularity, portability and re-usability. This introduction will include a thorough review of the fundamental design decisions that went into developing this new integrated computational framework.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Distributed object computing extends an object-oriented system which allows objects to interact across heterogenous networks and interoperate as a unified whole. Integrated computing frameworks are discussed, together with data transport techniques such as Extensible Markup Language (XML) and Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) to achieve platform, code and meta-model independent integration.</div>
Transmission electron energy-loss spectroscopy study of carbon nanotubes upon high temperature treatment (2001)

Two batches of carbon nanotube materials, grown with a pulsed-laser deposition technique but purified and heat treated under different conditions, are investigated with a combination of high- resolution transmission electron microscopy techniques, including electron nanodiffraction and low-loss and carbon K-edge electron energy-loss spectroscopy. These techniques were used to achieve a detailed profile of each material. Heat treating one batch at 1100 °C is shown to increase the sp2/sp3 hybridization ratio, while a 2150 °C treatment of the other batch fundamentally restructured the material from single walled to a mixture of amorphous and multiwalled material.
Extending the Characterization Bandwidth of Dynamic Nonlinear Transmitters With Application to Digital Predistortion (2016)

This paper reports a new measurement method for wideband radiofrequency power amplifier (PA) characterization and digital predistortion. The proposed measurement procedure significantly relaxes the sampling rate requirement on the analog-to-digital converters of the feedback path. Successful PA linearizations were achieved in the presence of 20, 40, and 60-MHz LTE-A signals using a vector signal analyzer with sampling speeds equal to only 24, 40.96, and 61.44 Ms/s, respectively. Despite these very low sampling rates, a quasiperfect cancellation of the PA distortions was achieved (more than 50 dBc in terms of ACLR), in all tests, over bandwidths including up to fifth-order intermodulation distortions. Such a correction bandwidth is much wider than the observation bandwidths associated with the receiver sampling rates.
Targeting Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathways for Design of Novel Immune Therapeutics (2008)

The Toll-like receptor (TLR) family plays a fundamental role in host innate immunity by mounting a rapid and potent inflammatory response to pathogen infection. TLRs recognize distinct microbial components and activate intracellular signaling pathways that induce expression of host inflammatory genes. Extensive research in the past decade to understand TLR-mediated mechanisms of innate immunity has enabled pharmaceutical companies to begin to develop novel therapeutics for the purpose of controlling inflammatory disease. Initially, extracellular TLR agonists were designed to compete with natural microbial ligands for binding to TLRs. More recently, basic research to identify new targets for drug development has begun to explore modulation of TLR intracellular signaling pathways, in addition to TLR ligand binding. In this review, we will discuss recent strategies, including the use of decoy peptides and mimetics, plant polyphenols, and chemically modified antisense oligonucleotides, that inhibit different molecular events in TLR signaling pathways to modulate the inflammatory response. The molecular mechanisms of these inhibitors range from interference with protein-protein interactions between signaling proteins, to inhibition of transcription factor activity, to perturbation of the plasma membrane, and are derived from host, pathogen, and plant sources and by rational design. Taken together, these studies represent promising avenues for the development of novel tailored immune therapeutics that can relieve the great toll inflicted by inflammatory disease on human health and quality of life.
Mode dispersion, material dispersion and profile dispersion in graded-index single-mode fibres (1979)

A study of single-mode fibres shows that in the normal operating region the cladding has as much effect on the propagation constant as does the core. A detailed analysis shows that the complex expression for pulse dispersion can be arranged in three groups of terms which may be defined as composite material dispersion, waveguide dispersion and composite profile dispersion. The analysis has been applied to a fibre for which the material dispersion parameters are accurately known and it is found that zero total dispersion can be obtained at a wavelength which depends on the profile and the core diameter but may be selected within a range roughly 1.3–2 μm. However, there are severe requirements on the control of core diameter and profile.