gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation on the Optimized Binary and Ternary Gallium Alloy as Thermal Interface Materials (2016)

This work presents an experimental study to enhance the thermal contact conductance of high performance thermal interface materials (TIMs) using gallium alloy. In this experiment, the gallium alloy-based TIMs are synthesized by a micro-oxidation reaction method, which consists of gallium oxides (Ga2O3) dispersed uniformly in gallium alloys. An experimental apparatus is designed to measure the thermal resistance across the gallium alloy-based TIMs under steady-state conditions. The existence of Ga2O3 can effectively improve the wettability of gallium alloys with other materials. For example, they have a better wettability with copper and anodic coloring 6063 aluminum-alloy without any extrusion between the interface layers. Gallium binary alloy-based TIMs (GBTIM) or ternary alloy based-TIMs (GTTIM) are found to increase the operational temperature range comparing with that of the conventional thermal greases. The measured highest thermal conductivity is as high as 19.2 Wm−1K−1 for GBTIM at room temperature. The wide operational temperature, better wettability, and higher thermal conductivity make gallium alloy-based TIMs promising for a wider application as TIMs in electronic packaging areas. The measured resistance is found to be as low as 2.2 mm2 KW−1 for GBTIM with a pressure of 0.05 MPa, which is much lower than that of the best commercialized thermal greases. In view of controlling pollution and raw materials wasting, the gallium alloy-based TIMs can be cleaned by 30% NaOH solution, and the pure gallium alloys are recycled, which can satisfy industrial production requirements effectively.
Pole-zero tracking frequency compensation for low dropout regulator (2003)

Most low dropout regulators (LDRs) have a limited of load current operating range due to stability problems. This paper proposes a new frequency compensation scheme for LDR to optimize the regulator performance over a wide load current range. By introducing a tracking zero to cancel out the regulator output pole, the frequency response of the feedback loop becomes load current independent. The open-loop DC gain is boosted up by a low frequency dominant pole, which increases the regulator accuracy. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed scheme, a LDR utilizing the new frequency compensation scheme is designed and fabricated using the TSMC 0.35/spl mu/m digital CMOS process. Simulation results show that with output current from 0 /spl mu/A to 100 mA, the bandwidth variation is only 2.3 times and the minimum DC gain is 72 dB. Measurement of the dynamic response matches well with simulation.
Alternative Splicing Induced by Insertion of Retrotransposons into the Maize waxy Gene (1992)

Marguerite J. Varagona, Michael Purugganan, Susan R. Wessler, Alternative Splicing Induced by Insertion of Retrotransposons into the Maize waxy Gene, The Plant Cell, Vol. 4, No. 7 (Jul., 1992), pp. 811-820
A novel species of cytochrome P-450 (P-450ib) specific for the small intestine of rabbits. cDNA cloning and its expression in COS cells. (1991)

We have isolated a cDNA clone for a P-450, designated P-450ib (Ichihara, K., Kusunose, E., Kaku, M., Yamamoto, S., and Kusunose, M. (1985) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 831, 99-105), from a cDNA library of rabbit small intestine mucosa by using synthetic DNA fragment by the polymerase chain reaction, as a hybridization probe. The cDNA with a 1,829-base pair insert encodes a polypeptide of 501 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence contains all of the sequences of the NH2-terminal and 14 tryptic fragments from purified P-450ib. As the NH2-terminal methionine was not found in the sequence from the purified protein, the apoprotein of P-450ib is composed of 500 amino acids with a molecular weight of 57,193. P-450ib shows 35-41% sequence similarity with several members of 8 subfamilies in the P-450 II family, whereas it has a less than 30% sequence similarity with other P-450 families, suggesting that this P-450 is the first member of a novel subfamily within the P-450 II family. RNA blot analysis shows that mRNA hybridized to the cDNA is expressed in the small intestine, but not significantly in other tissues including liver, colon, kidney, lung, spleen, brain, stomach, and cecum, indicating that P-450ib is a P-450 specific to the small intestine. The protein expressed in COS-7 cells using the cDNA in an expression vector, pKCRH2, shows benzphetamine N-demethylase activity and gives a band identical with that of P-450ib in its mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
Acoustical respiratory signal analysis and phase detection (2008)

In this paper we propose a statistical modeling approach for phase detection of normal breathing sounds. Previous studies have been considering only the detection of inspiration mid-points and breathing onset. Here we focus on the detection of both inspiration and expiration phases. Based on an accurate statistical study of breathing signals, we suggest a nomenclature of respiratory cycle in a modeling perspective by adding a transitional phase between the inspiration and expiration phases. Thus, we put forward a new processing chain using improved Markov model in a bayesian framework in order to segment the signal and to detect the phases. We adapt the recent triplet Markov chain by exploiting priors on the respiratory cycle structure. Experiments on real respiratory signals show encouraging results.
The Occurrence of<i>N</i>-Acetyl- and<i>N</i>-Glycoloylneuraminic Acid in<i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> (1983)

Different strain of Trypanosoma cruzi were analysed to have 65--105 micrograms of sialic acids per 10(10) cells. By thin-layer chromatography, and in part by gas liquid chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, all strains were found to contain N-acetyl- and N-glycoloylneuraminic acid in various ratios. After incubation of the parasites with either [3H]acetate or N-acetyl-[3H]mannosamine, no radioactivity was found in the sialic acids, thus leading to the suggestion that the parasites are unable to synthesize sialic acids from their precursors.
Changes in anthocyanin, flavonoid and phenolic acid concentrations during development and storage of coloured potato (Solanum tuberosum L) tubers (1999)

Changes in the anthocyanin concentration of coloured potato tubers have been investigated in cultivars with coloured skin and coloured or white flesh. The biosynthesis of anthocyanins coincided with tuber initiation in cultivars with intensely coloured mature tubers and, after a slight increase as the smaller tubers increased in size, anthocyanin concentrations remained relatively constant. Thus, because tubers were increasing in weight, anthocyanin was being synthesised to maintain a more or less constant concentration. In cultivars with less coloured tubers, the developing tubers remained white for a longer time, with anthocyanin concentrations increasing gradually up to a maximum at a certain tuber weight depending on the cultivar. The concentration of flavonoids was lower than that of anthocyanins but followed a similar pattern. Phenolic acid levels were about twice those of the anthocyanins and reached their maximum at a slightly lower tuber weight than anthocyanins and flavonoids. During cold storage (4°C) the anthocyanin concentration in coloured tubers increased, whereas tubers stored at higher temperatures did not show this increase. The increased colour in cold-stored tubers is discussed in terms of its relationship to ‘cold sweetening’ and the increased concentration of sugars in cold-stored tubers. The distribution of anthocyanins altered during tuber development and also during cold storage. In very small developing tubers the anthocyanins appeared first at the stem end of the tuber whilst the bud end remained white. As the anthocyanin concentration increased during tuber development, it increased over the whole tuber, but the concentration at the stem end was always higher than that at the bud end, until the tuber reached maturity, when the concentration became approximately equal at both ends. After cold storage, tubers had a higher concentration of anthocyanin in the bud end than the stem end; the opposite to that found in developing tubers. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry
Aminopeptidase-N/CD13 (EC 3.4.11.2) inhibitors: Chemistry, biological evaluations, and therapeutic prospects (2005)

Aminopeptidase N (APN)/CD13 (EC 3.4.11.2) is a transmembrane protease present in a wide variety of human tissues and cell types (endothelial, epithelial, fibroblast, leukocyte). APN/CD13 expression is dysregulated in inflammatory diseases and in cancers (solid and hematologic tumors). APN/CD13 serves as a receptor for coronaviruses. Natural and synthetic inhibitors of APN activity have been characterized. These inhibitors have revealed that APN is able to modulate bioactive peptide responses (pain management, vasopressin release) and to influence immune functions and major biological events (cell proliferation, secretion, invasion, angiogenesis). Therefore, inhibition of APN/CD13 may lead to the development of anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory drugs. This review provides an update on the biological and pharmacological profiles of known natural and synthetic APN inhibitors. Current status on their potential use as therapeutic agents is discussed with regard to toxicity and specificity.
Transcriptionally driven cruciform formation<i>in vivo</i> (1992)

We studied the formation of d(A-T)n cruciforms in E.coli cells by probing intracellular plasmid DNA with chloroacetaldehyde followed by fine analysis of modified DNA bases. d(A-T)16 sequences were inserted into specifically designed plasmids either upstream of a single trc promoter, or between two divergent trc promoters. We found that in both cases, induction of transcription by IPTG leads to the transition of the d(A-T)16 stretch into a cruciform state. In the case of two divergent promoters, we observed cruciform formation even without IPTG. Enhanced cruciform formation correlates with the elevation in promoter activity as defined by the opening of the promoter at the -10 to +2 positions. We conclude that transcriptionally driven negative supercoiling provokes cruciform formation in vivo.
Production of Antibacterial Peptide ‘Apidaecin’ Using the Secretory Expression System of<i>Streptomyces</i> (1993)

Journal Article Production of Antibacterial Peptide 'Apidaecin' Using the Secretory Expression System of Streptomyces Get access Masafumi Maeno, Masafumi Maeno Department of Biological Science and Technology, Science University of Tokyo, Noda, Chiba 278, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Seiichi Taguchi, Seiichi Taguchi Department of Biological Science and Technology, Science University of Tokyo, Noda, Chiba 278, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Haruo Momose Haruo Momose Department of Biological Science and Technology, Science University of Tokyo, Noda, Chiba 278, Japan To whom correspondence should be addressed. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, Volume 57, Issue 7, 1 January 1993, Pages 1206–1207, https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.57.1206 Published: 01 January 1993 Article history Received: 25 December 1992 Published: 01 January 1993
Conservação de cenouras 'Brasília' tratadas com cera (2003)

Avaliou-se o efeito de diferentes tipos de cera sobre a conservação pós-colheita de cenoura (Daucus carota L.) cv Brasília: Citrosol A, Citrosol M, Citrosol AK, Citrosol Papaya, Bentevi sem diluição, Bentevi com diluição 1:3 em água, Bentevi com diluição 1:6, Fruit Wax sem diluição, Fruit Wax com diluição 1:3, Fruit Wax com diluição 1:6, Stafresh, Megh Wax sem diluição, Megh Wax com diluição 1:3 e Megh Wax com diluição 1:6. Cenouras sem cera serviram de controle. Após os tratamentos, as raízes foram colocadas em condições ambientais, em temperatura de 26ºC e umidade relativa de 70%. Foram determinadas a perda de matéria fresca, a pressão de turgescência (método da aplanação), a incidência de podridão e a aparência após dois, quatro, seis e oito dias de conservação. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualisado com quinze tratamentos e quatro repetições, sendo cada parcela constituída de dez raízes. Citrosol A, M e AK provocaram 100% de podridão aos 2 dias de armazenamento. Até o 8º dia, os menores percentuais de podridão foram observados em cenouras tratadas com Stafresh (7,5%) e Bentevi 1:3 (8,75%). A perda de matéria fresca foi alta durante o experimento, sendo que apenas Stafresh e Bentevi pura promoveram alguma proteção contra esta perda. A elevada desidratação promoveu baixos valores de pressão de turgescência em todos os tratamentos, exceto para Stafresh, onde foram verificados maiores valores de pressão de turgescência até o sexto dia. Apenas StaFresh manteve a qualidade das raízes até 8 dias a 26ºC. Para as demais ceras não foram observados benefícios na conservação das raízes, considerando as poucas diferenças significativas em relação ao controle.
<title>Thick photoresist imaging using a three-wavelength exposure stepper</title> (1999)

Images formed in thick photosensitive materials are widely used as electroplating molds for micro-electromechanical (MEMS) part and other electronic applications such as bump bonding, thin film heads and multichip module manufacturing. The expansion of traditional microelectronic lithography into very thick photoresists present a technical challenge for stepper manufacturers that have traditionally attempted to optimize resolution and depth of focus for thin photoresist systems. Stepper optics and illumination needs to be re-optimized for the best performance in thick photosensitive materials.
Characterization and Physiological Activity of Some Kawa Constituents (1968)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Constitutive expression of <i>catABC</i> genes in the aniline-assimilating bacterium <i>Rhodococcus</i> species AN-22: production, purification, characterization and gene analysis of CatA, CatB and CatC (2005)

The aniline-assimilating bacterium Rhodococcus sp. AN-22 was found to constitutively synthesize CatB (cis,cis-muconate cycloisomerase) and CatC (muconolactone isomerase) in its cells growing on non-aromatic substrates, in addition to the previously reported CatA (catechol 1,2-dioxygenase). The bacterium maintained the specific activity of the three enzymes at an almost equal level during cultivation on succinate. CatB and CatC were purified to homogeneity and characterized. CatB was a monomer with a molecular mass of 44 kDa. The enzyme was activated by Mn2+, Co2+ and Mg2+. Native CatC was a homo-octamer with a molecular mass of 100 kDa. The enzyme was stable between pH 7.0 and 10.5 and was resistant to heating up to 90 degrees C. Genes coding for CatA, CatB and CatC were cloned and named catA, catB and catC respectively. The catABC genes were transcribed as one operon. The deduced amino acid sequences of CatA, CatB and CatC showed high identities with those from other Gram-positive micro-organisms. A regulator gene such as catR encoding a regulatory protein was not observed around the cat gene cluster of Rhodococcus sp. AN-22, but a possible relic of catR was found in the upstream region of catA. Reverse transcriptase-PCR and primer extension analyses showed that the transcriptional start site of the cat gene cluster was located 891 bp upstream of the catA initiation codon in the AN-22 strain growing on both aniline and succinate. Based on these data, we concluded that the bacterium constitutively transcribed the catABC genes and translated its mRNA into CatA, CatB and CatC.
Chiral <i>N</i>‐Phosphonyl Imine Chemistry: Asymmetric Aza‐Henry Reaction (2008)

A series of chiral N-phosphonyl imines have been synthesized and utilized successfully in asymmetric aza-Henry reaction. The chiral auxiliary was optimized for this reaction by varying different R groups on the nitrogen atoms. The reaction is convenient to perform to give excellent yields and good diastereoselectivities. The absolute stereochemistry was unambiguously determined by converting a resulting vicinal nitroamine into its N-Boc derivative which serves as a known compound.
A temperature noise model for extrinsic FETs (1992)

A resistor temperature noise model for FETs has been successfully applied to extrinsic FETs to predict the frequency dependence of minimum noise figure F/sub min/ and associated gain G/sub Aopt/. The model gives a fixed relationship between F/sub min/ and G/sub Aopt/ with one fitting parameter T/sub d/. An extensive comparison to published results shows that the majority of FETs can be modeled with effective T/sub d/ values (the temperature of the output resistor) between 300 and 700 K for all of the frequencies (8 to 94 GHz), gate lengths (0.8 to 0.1 mu m), and material types examined. The analysis shows that InP-based MODFETs exhibit significantly lower F/sub min/ and higher G/sub Aopt/ than conventional and pseudomorphic GaAs-based MODFETs of the same gate length. The results suggest a high F/sub max/ is a key factor for low noise figure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Astrophysical oscillator strengths for TiO and VO bands from spectrum synthesis of spectral types M1 III to M7 III (1990)

Un ensemble de donnees d'opacites moyennes est compile pour les etoiles riches en O en vue d'une application future aux etudes des forces de bandes moleculaires dans les atmospheres des geantes rouges. L'ensemble inclut les opacites originales pour les systemes des bandes TiO e et VO A-X et B-X. L'etalonnage du code d'opacite qui a produit un ensemble de forces d'oscillateurs pour les systemes TiO γ, δ, Φ, e, et VO A-X et B-X est presente. Ces valeurs de f e sont combinees avec celles obtenues en laboratoire pour le systeme TiO δ afin d'estimer la valeur absolue de f e pour les bandes TiO e et VO.
Initial evaluation of vascular ingrowth into superporous hydrogels (2009)

There is a need for new materials and architectures for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Based upon our recent results developing novel scaffold architecture, we hypothesized that this new architecture would foster vascularization, a particular need for tissue engineering. We report on the potential of superporous hydrogel (SPH) scaffolds for in vivo cellular infiltration and vascularization. Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) SPH scaffolds were implanted in the dorsum of severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice and harvested after 4 weeks of in vivo implantation. The SPHs were visibly red and vascularized, as apparent when compared to the non-porous hydrogel controls, which were macroscopically avascular. Host cell infiltration was observed throughout the SPHs. Blood cells and vascular structures, confirmed through staining for CD34 and smooth muscle alpha-actin, were observed throughout the scaffolds. This novel soft material may be utilized for cell transplantation, tissue engineering and in combination with cell therapies. The neovasularization and limited fibrotic response suggest that the architecture may be conducive to cell survival and rapid vessel development.
Drinking water contamination in Walkerton, Ontario: positive resolutions from a tragic event (2003)

In May 2000, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Campylobacter jejuni contaminated the drinking water supply in Walkerton, Ontario. Seven people died and over 2,000 were ill as a result. The Ontario Provincial Government set up a judicial Inquiry into the circumstances surrounding the outbreak and also moved quickly to introduce a new Drinking Water Regulation that incorporated some significant requirements for drinking water providers. The Inquiry itself was in three parts: (a) part 1 related to the events that occurred in Walkerton and why the water contamination occurred; (b) part 1A related specifically to the role of the Provincial Government in the event; and (c) part 2 related to the future of drinking water safety in Ontario with potential to influence regulation on a wider basis. A number of other actions were taken after Walkerton. In August 2000, the Ontario Government, through the Regulatory body, the Ontario Ministry of the Environment (MOE) (a) re-issued and revised the Ontario Drinking Water Objectives (ODWO) as the Ontario Drinking Water Standards (ODWS) and (b) introduced new regulations governing drinking water in Ontario--the Ontario Drinking Water Protection Regulation. One of the key features of the Drinking Water Protection Regulation was the requirement to produce an independent Engineers' Report on all water systems. This paper provides a unique perspective on the Walkerton tragedy and its aftermath. The author was active in many aspects of the resulting activity (Chair of the Ontario Water Works Association's (a section of the AWWA) Special Committee involved in Part 2 of the Walkerton Inquiry; author of several of the Engineers' Reports mandated by Regulation; reviewer on behalf of the Regulator of Engineers' Reports submitted by others). The Engineers' Reports were of interest because (1) the drinking water providers (mostly municipalities) were mandated by regulation to complete the Reports by specific dates and are paying for the Reports, (2) the work had to be done by a registered professional engineer who is not an employee of the owner or the operator if a different entity and (3) the engineer had to sign a declaration that the Regulator could rely on the accuracy of the Report. In other words, the Municipality retained the Engineer and paid them to produce the Report--the Engineer essentially carried the liability while the Regulator had the final say in the acceptability of the Report, a sort of eternal triangle of responsibilities. The paper will outline how the drinking water profession in North America worked together to provide the Walkerton Inquiry with the benefit of its experience and knowledge of best practices to the benefit of consumers and the drinking water providers. It will also outline the procedures adopted to produce the independent Engineers' Reports and how the findings are being applied to further improve drinking water safety in Ontario, across Canada and in similar situations around the world.