gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
M15. Early Intervention in Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome: A Phase II Study Evaluating Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Oral BI 409306 (2017)

Background: Attenuated psychosis syndrome (APS) represents a patient subgroup (often adolescents), who exhibit motor, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral alterations between those of healthy individuals and those with psychotic disorders. There is no approved pharmacologic treatment for prevention of first episode psychosis (FEP) in this population. BI 409306, a potent and selective phosphodiesterase-9 inhibitor that may improve N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) signaling, is in development for early intervention in APS. Methods: We describe the design of a 52-week proof-of-concept study to investigate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of BI 409306 vs placebo in patients with APS (BI study 1289.32). Results: This will be a multinational, multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group study. Eligible patients with APS (determined by the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes [SIPS]) will be 16–30 years of age, with a screening risk profile based on the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS) algorithm [1] indicative of >35% risk of conversion to psychosis within the next 52 weeks. In total, 300 patients are planned for randomization (1:1) to oral BI 409306 or placebo for 52 weeks, with a 4-week follow-up. The primary endpoint will be time to FEP, assessed by positive symptoms (Scale of Prodromal Symptoms [SOPS] criteria) in the psychotic range. Secondary endpoints include change from baseline on the Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale (SCoRS) total and the composite score of Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) after 24 and 52 weeks of treatment. Change from baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores (positive and negative item scores and total score), Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) scale score, and Patient Global Impressions-Improvements (PGI-I) score will also be assessed after 52 weeks of treatment. Functional measures of brain plasticity (electroencephalography, event-related potentials, and visual-evoked potentials) will be assessed as potential biomarkers to predict treatment response and conversion to psychosis. A novel methodology using speech analyses will also be performed, exploring prediction of psychosis risk. Safety will be assessed based on physical examination, vital signs, laboratory tests, electrocardiogram, suicidality, extrapyramidal symptoms, and adverse events. Conclusion: This will be one of the first studies to test a novel drug mechanism, with the statistical power to detect a significant treatment effect vs placebo, for prevention of FEP in APS. Recruitment is planned to start in Q2 2017. The results will determine whether early intervention with BI 409306 provides clinical benefits in patients with APS. Funding: Boehringer Ingelheim (BI study 1289.32). 1. Cannon T, et al. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2008;65:28–37
Multiple mechanisms of chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor-dependent repression of transactivation by the vitamin D, thyroid hormone, and retinoic acid receptors. (1993)

The chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor (COUP-TF) is a member of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily about which little is known of its functional role in the cell. However, it is able to repress hormonal induction of target genes by vitamin D3 receptor (VDR), thyroid hormone receptor (TR), and retinoic acid receptor (RAR). We have shown previously that COUP-TF can bind a wide variety of A/GGGTCA repeats. This promiscuous recognition of response elements correlates with the ability of COUP-TF I to repress other receptors that bind to A/GGGTCA repeats with different spacings between the half-sites. Here we show that repression of transactivation by these receptors is a general phenomenon for the COUP-TF subfamily, as inhibition is also observed with COUP-TF II. This repression is also dose-dependent on COUP-TF. Inhibition of VDR, TR, and RAR activities also occurs through natural physiological response elements found in the osteocalcin, myosin heavy chain, and beta RAR promoters, respectively. In search of the mechanisms of repression by COUP-TF we show that it does not involve the formation of detectable functionally inactive heterodimers between COUP-TF and VDR, TR, and RAR. Instead, we show that the mechanism of repression could occur at three different levels: (a) active silencing of transcription and dual competition for; (b) occupancy of DNA binding sites; and (c), heterodimer formation with retinoid X receptor, the coregulator of VDR, TR, and RAR. The silencing activity was localized to the putative ligand binding domain of COUP-TF. We postulate that COUP-TF may play a master role in regulating transactivation by VDR, TR, and RAR.
Is the NRL Salary Cap an Unreasonable Restraint of Trade (2010)

The article examines whether the National Rugby League (NRL)'s salary cap represents an unreasonable restraint of trade and what effect the Melbourne Storm salary issues may have in regard to the legality of the NRL salary cap. It is concluded that the salary cap is an accepted necessity in the NRL and that the NRL salary cap represents a reasonable restraint of trade.
Effect of Coadministration of Vancomycin and BMP-2 on Cocultured Staphylococcus aureus and W-20-17 Mouse Bone Marrow Stromal Cells <i>In Vitro</i> (2012)

In this study, we aimed to establish an in vitro bacterium/bone cell coculture model system and to use this model for dose dependence studies of dual administration of antibiotics and growth factors in vitro. We examined the effect of single or dual administration of the antibiotic vancomycin (VAN) at 0 to 16 μg/ml and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) at 0 or 100 ng/ml on both methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and mouse bone marrow stromal cells (W-20-17) under both mono- and coculture conditions. Cell metabolic activity, Live/Dead staining, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) amounts, and alkaline phosphatase activity were measured to assess cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation. An interleukin-6 (IL-6) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit was used to test the bone cell inflammation response in the presence of bacteria. Our results suggest that, when delivered together in coculture, VAN and BMP-2 maintain their primary functions as an antibiotic and a growth factor, respectively. Most interestingly, this dual-delivery type of approach has shown itself to be effective at lower concentrations of VAN than those required for an approach relying strictly on the antibiotic. It may be that BMP-2 enhances cell proliferation and differentiation before the cells become infected. In coculture, a dosage of VAN higher than that used for treatment in monoculture may be necessary to effectively inhibit growth of Staphylococcus aureus. This could mean that the coculture environment may be limiting the efficacy of VAN, possibly by way of bacterial invasion of the bone cells. This report of a coculture study demonstrates a potential beneficial effect of the coadministration of antibiotics and growth factors compared to treatment with antibiotic alone.
Recession and Umemployment in the OECD (2010)

Konjunkturelle Arbeitslosigkeit; Erwerbstätigkeit; Arbeitsmarktpolitik; Lebensqualität; OECD-Staaten
Oligonucleotide Functionalization by a Novel Alkyne-Modified Nonnucleosidic Reagent Obtained by Versatile Building Block Chemistry (2013)

A convenient synthetic strategy has been designed to prepare an alkyne-modified synthon for automated DNA synthesis. It is based on the key O-DMTr-protected 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)morpholin-2,3-dione and building blocks obtained by its functionalization by various aliphatic amines. A respective nonnucleosidic phosphoramidite monomer containing a terminal alkyne in the side-chain was synthesized, and corresponding oligothymidylates incorporating the modification in various positions were prepared. The presence of the alkyne group was confirmed by Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) between the functionalized oligonucleotide and an azide derivative of 7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole.
The bio-geometry of mollusc shells (1998)

The shells of gastropods and cephalopods grow by production of new material, by the mantle, at the lip of the shell. I derive a model of shell form that allows us to describe the morphology of a shell in terms of independently definable biological parameters. These are (1) the relative rates of shell production at different points around the aperture, (2) the total amount of shell produced per time interval, (3) the growth rate of the aperture, (4) aperture shape, and (5) the orientation of the animal within the shell. Describing shell form in these terms allows us to see what biological changes must occur in development in order to change one shell morphology into another and what constraints are associated with particular morphological transformations. The model shows that it is developmentally easy to derive a slightly coiled limpet shell from that of a high-spired ancestor, but difficult to take the next step to a fully conical limpet. Many, if not most, real gastropod shells are not conical but rather have a convex or concave profile. I show that these forms result from a decoupling of shell production rates from the growth rate of the animal within the shell. The model also shows how truly different forms, such as vermetid snails and heteromorph ammonites, escaped the confines of spiral growth–sometimes by rotating the body within the shell, and sometimes by taking up a growth strategy that does not constrain them to coil. This model is compatible with shell morphometric models that have been widely discussed in the literature but strives toward a different goal: understanding the relationships between the various biological processes involved in shell development.
Adiabatic RF pulse design for Bloch-Siegert<i>B</i>+ mapping (2012)

The Bloch-Siegert (B-S) B1+ mapping method has been shown to be fast and accurate, yet it suffers from high Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) and moderately long echo time. An adiabatic RF pulse design is introduced here for optimizing the off-resonant B-S RF pulse to achieve more B-S B1+ measurement sensitivity for a given pulse width. The extra sensitivity can be used for higher angle-to-noise ratio B1+ maps or traded off for faster scans. Using numerical simulations and phantom experiments, it is shown that a numerically optimized 2-ms adiabatic B-S pulse is 2.5 times more efficient than a conventional 6-ms Fermi-shaped B-S pulse. The adiabatic B-S pulse performance is validated in a phantom, and in vivo brain B1+ mapping at 3T and 7T are shown.
Solid-phase synthesis of BODIPY dyes and development of an immunoglobulin fluorescent sensor (2011)

The diversification of the BODIPY scaffold has been hindered by its controversial adaptability to solid-phase chemistry. Herein we report the first solid-phase synthesis of a BODIPY library in high purities. We screened the library against a set of proteins, identified an immunoglobulin fluorescent sensor (Ig Orange) and confirmed its binding by SPR experiments.
A 3-V continuous-time filter with on-chip tuning for IS-95 (1999)

This paper describes a low-voltage channel selection analog front end with continuous-time low-pass filters and on-chip tuning for a receiver in an IS-95 cellular phone. The filters were realized as balanced seventh-order elliptical g/sub m/C filters to achieve low current consumption. The transconductors were realized by using second-generation current conveyors (CCII) and resistors to achieve good intermodulation distortion performance. A novel CCII circuit topology was developed to fulfil the low supply-voltage requirement. The cutoff frequency tuning was implemented with capacitance matrices and a time-domain master-slave tuning circuit.
Pretreatments of improve the adhesion of electrodeposits on aluminium (1991)

Abstract Aluminium is generally regarded as a metal that is difficult to plate. By using a pretreatment sequence, which includes immersion in a zincate solution, it is possible to electroplate aluminium successfully, although adhesion levels are not always very high. Zincate solutions modified by the addition of various ions have been shown to promote adhesion. Using one such solution, an investigation has been carried out as to how, by modifying the pretreatment sequence, the adhesion on electrodeposits on aluminium can be improved. Such modifications included varying the etch procedures and using the so‐called double dip technique. Some of the factors giving rise to the improved adhesion of electrodeposits have been investigated by SEM, AES, SIMS, ESCA, EPMA and AAS.
Paradoxical constriction to platelets by arteries from rats with pulmonary hypertension (1991)

We recently described the early appearance of pulmonary hypertension in the fawn-hooded rat (FHR), an animal with platelet storage pool disease also known to develop systemic hypertension at later ages. Since mediators released from aggregating platelets influence vascular tone, we hypothesized that platelet-mediated pulmonary vascular responses in FHR may be abnormal and potentially linked to the mechanism of pulmonary hypertension. To test this we examined reactivity of isolated pulmonary arteries (PA) and thoracic aortas (Ao) from young FHR with moderately severe pulmonary hypertension but normal systemic pressures. These vessels were compared with PA and Ao from control Sprague-Dawley rat (SDR). Aggregating platelets (1,000-40,000 platelets/mm3) from FHR caused dilation of SDR PA and Ao but constriction of FHR PA and Ao. Qualitatively similar responses were also observed with platelets isolated from SDR implying that abnormal responses were not simply due to the storage pool deficiency in FHR. Response to the platelet-derived endothelium-dependent vasodilator ADP was markedly impaired in FHR PA and mildly impaired in FHR Ao. Endothelium-dependent dilation to acetylcholine, but not to A23187, was mildly impaired in FHR PA while responses to both dilators were normal in FHR Ao. Endothelium-independent dilation to sodium nitroprusside was normal in both FHR PA and Ao. Constrictor sensitivity to serotonin, but not to the thromboxane A2 mimetic U-46619, was increased in FHR PA while responses to both constrictors were normal in FHR Ao. In summary, PAs from FHR with spontaneous pulmonary hypertension exhibit paradoxical constriction to both normal and storage pool deficient platelets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Practical Critiicism <i>in</i> Language Teaching (1951)

Practical Critiicism in Language Teaching: (Continued from Vol. V, No. 3) Get access RAYMOND WILLIAMS RAYMOND WILLIAMS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ELT Journal, Volume V, Issue 4, January 1951, Pages 91–94, https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/V.4.91 Published: 01 January 1951
Cancerous Breast Lesions on Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MR Images: Computerized Characterization for Image-based Prognostic Markers (2010)

http://radiology.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/radiol.09090838/-/DC1.
A Unified Solution to Cognitive Radio Programming, Test and Evaluation for Tactical Communications (2017)

Spectrum is limited, but the demand for it is growing steadily with new users, applications, and services in both commercial and tactical communications. The current paradigm of static spectrum allocation cannot satisfy this demand, resulting in a congested, contested environment with poor spectrum efficiency. Tactical radios need to share spectrum with other in- and out-of-network tactical and commercial radios, subject to potential jamming and other security attacks. Cognitive radio provides tactical communications with new means of spectrum sharing, cohabitation configurability, and adaptation to improve communication rates, connectivity, robustness, and situational awareness, all translated to network- centric mission success. A systematic solution to SDR programming and test and evaluation (T&E) is needed to address spectrum challenges with the network-centric mission success set as the primary goal. Once equipped with cognitive radio capabilities, tactical radios can quickly and reliably discover the white-space and effectively use spectrum opportunities across time, space, and frequency. This article presents the design and implementation of a visual and modular radio software programming tool that supports easy, fast, and radio-agnostic development of cognitive radio and network protocols and security mechanisms. This tool is fully integrated with a unified T&E framework that applies the same SDR solution to high fidelity simulation and emulation tests under a common, controllable, and repeatable scenario. This unified approach makes prototyping of cognitive radio capabilities with tactical radios faster, easier, and cost-effective.
Forecasting expectations of insured depository default and catastrophic losses (2002)

Examines the historical data on US annual aggregate losses of both the insured bank deposits and the property and casualty (P&C) insurers due to catastrophic occurrences. These two topics are considered separately and also in tandem, since the high-end, final guarantor on these losses has become the American tax-paying public, through the auspices of the Federal Government and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). The paper develops a macro-economic assessment of both the depository banking industry and the P&C insurance industry. The paper continues by examining the empirical data, identifying structural concerns. A few mathematical approaches are outlined, useful to value or craft securities or transactions designed on the underlying variables of deposit closings and catastrophe losses. The paper shows statistics on the variables. The paper concludes by suggesting approaches, some utilizing a portion of the existing public funds in the FDIC's Bank Insurance Fund, that reduce the residual net exposure to the general public guarantor, while also enhancing the solvency, cost and capital basis of the two industries. Further considerations as towards regulatory, functional and structural impact are briefly commented on for each of the methods included.
Low voltage CMOS Schmitt trigger circuits (2003)

Two new low voltage Schmitt trigger circuits are presented which use dynamic body-bias technique. The first circuit is designed for operation at 1 V. The second circuit, derived from the first circuit, is designed for operation at 0.4 V. Experimental results for the new Schmitt trigger circuits are presented.
TeaBag: A Debugger for Curry (2000)

This thesis describes TeaBag, which is a debugger for functional logic computations. TeaBag is an accessory of a virtual machine currently under development. A distinctive feature of this machine is its operational completeness of computations, which places novel demands on a debugger. This thesis describes the features of TeaBag, in particular the handling of non-determinism, the ability to control nondeterministic steps, to remove context information, to toggle eager evaluation, and to set breakpoints on both functions and terms. This thesis also describes TeaBag's architecture and its interaction with the associated virtual machine. Finally, some debugging sessions of defective programs are presented to demonstrate TeaBag's ability to locate bugs. A distinctive feature of TeaBag is how it presents non-deterministic trace steps of an expression evaluation trace to the user. In the past expression evaluation traces were linearized via backtracking. However, the presence of backtracking makes linear traces difficult to follow. TeaBag does not present backtracking to the user. Rather TeaBag presents the trace in two parts. One part is the search space which has a tree structure and the other part is a linear sequence of steps for one path through the search space.
High resolution electron energy loss spectrometer for vibrational surface studies (1979)

A high resolution energy loss spectrometer for general surface studies is described. Based on the 127° sector design, it utilizes a fixed analyzer and monochromator geometry, and a plug-in compatibility with a LEED–Auger UHV system. With an energy resolution of 8–10 meV and 1–3×10−10 A incident current at 5 eV energy, the performance is comparable to existing instruments. The main advantage of this design is that it allows a rapid interconversion between EELS and other surface techniques in the same chamber. The performance is illustrated with reference to scattering from a Cu(100) surface, and after adsorption of oxygen, carbon monoxide, and water.
A two-level model-based object recognition technique (2002)

Object recognition is the problem of detecting the presence and determining the pose of a set of known objects in given images. For some applications, the known objects may be composed of identical components. The relations among these components can be exploited to improve recognition accuracy. This paper introduces a two-level model for object recognition which reduces redundant work due to objects with identical components by explicitly specifying the components and the relations among them. Using automatic analysis of music scores as example, an empirical study is presented, demonstrating the effectiveness and properties of the technique.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The relationship between personal religiosity and academic performance among LDS college students at Brigham Young University (2005)

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between personal religiosity and academic performance. Social theory often claims that if any relationship exists between religion and academic performance it is negative or non-existent. Recent studies suggest that perhaps a relationship can exist where religious practice acts as a facilitating agent by influencing pro-social behaviors, thus impacting academic performance in positive ways. Certain denominations appear to have stronger correlations than others when measuring these two variables against each other. In the present study, LDS college students from Brigham Young University were surveyed as to their religiosity; which was defined in terms of religious belief, public religious practice, and private religious practice. Academic performance was also ascertained. Multiple regression techniques were employed to measure the strength of the relationship among variables. A strong relationship was found when using variables that assess private religiosity, especially the area of personal scripture study, living church standards, and personal prayer. Public religious practice had a moderate impact on academic performance using certain variables related to church meeting attendance. Religious belief variables were found to be completely negligible in their impact on the same. These findings agree with similar studies done with LDS high school students.
Accessing the transport properties of graphene and its multilayers at high carrier density (2011)

We present a comparative study of high carrier density transport in mono-, bi-, and trilayer graphene using electric double-layer transistors to continuously tune the carrier density up to values exceeding 10(14) cm(-2). Whereas in monolayer the conductivity saturates, in bi- and trilayer filling of the higher-energy bands is observed to cause a nonmonotonic behavior of the conductivity and a large increase in the quantum capacitance. These systematic trends not only show how the intrinsic high-density transport properties of graphene can be accessed by field effect, but also demonstrate the robustness of ion-gated graphene, which is crucial for possible future applications.