gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequences of purchases in credit card data reveal life styles in urban populations (2017)

Zipf-like distributions characterize a wide set of phenomena in physics, biology, economics and social sciences. In human activities, Zipf-laws describe for example the frequency of words appearance in a text or the purchases types in shopping patterns. In the latter, the uneven distribution of transaction types is bound with the temporal sequences of purchases of individual choices. In this work, we define a framework using a text compression technique on the sequences of credit card purchases to detect ubiquitous patterns of collective behavior. Clustering the consumers by their similarity in purchases sequences, we detect five consumer groups. Remarkably, post checking, individuals in each group are also similar in their age, total expenditure, gender, and the diversity of their social and mobility networks extracted by their mobile phone records. By properly deconstructing transaction data with Zipf-like distributions, this method uncovers sets of significant sequences that reveal insights on collective human behavior.
Sensitization-Dependent Skin Swelling Responses to Topical 2, 4-Dinitro-1-Fluorobenzene in the Carolina (Green) Anole, Anolis carolinenesis (2000)

ABSTRACT Immune responses to topically applied haptens, such as 2, 4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene (DNFB) are commonly used in vivo measures of immunity in mammals. This immune reaction has not been quantitatively studied in reptiles. Adult anoles were sensitized by topical application of DNFB in acetone. Hapten challenge was initiated by topical application of DNFB on the throat-fan. Throat-fan swelling was used to measure the subsequent reaction in vivo. Significant (p < 0.05) throat-fan swelling was present in DNFB sensitized anoles during the 4 - 36 hr post-challenge period with a peak response between 8 - 12 hr post-challenge. At 20 hr post-challenge, the reaction was histologically characterized by pronounced epidermal/dermal edema, dermal capillary dilation and clogging with leukocytes. Throat-fan swelling responses were completely dependent upon prior DNFB sensitization and could be adoptively transferred to naive animals using serum. Anoles are capable of being immunologically sensitized to topically applied haptens and respond with an Arthus-like reaction. The throat-fan swelling reaction to DNFB may be a useful, non-invasive in vivo measure of immunity in reptiles.
Application of Taguchi and Box-Behnken designs for surface roughness in precision grinding of silicon (2011)

This study reports the use of Taguchi and Box-Behnken designs for minimising surface roughness in precision grinding of silicon using resin-bonded diamond mounted wheels. Taguchi method was used to study the effect and optimisation of grinding parameters while Box-Behnken method was utilised to develop a mathematical model relating the average surface roughness to the grinding parameters, depth of cut, feed rate and spindle speed. An orthogonal array (OA), the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, and the analysis of variance were employed to find the minimal surface roughness. Confirmation tests were carried out in order to illustrate the effectiveness of the Taguchi method. The results show that feed rate mostly affected the surface roughness. The predicted surface roughness (Ra) of 34 nm was in agreement with the confirmation tests. Massive ductile-streaked surface was also found corresponding to the minimal surface finish determined from the optimal levels. A second-order model has also been established between the grinding variables and the surface roughness. The model is adequate to navigate the design space.
Map based navigation of the mobile robot using omnidirectional image sensor COPIS (2003)

The authors propose a novel omnidirectional image sensor, COPIS (Conic Projection Image Sensor), for guiding the navigation of a mobile robot. It performs passive sensing of the omnidirectional image of the environment in real time (at the frame rate of a TV camera) using a conic mirror. COPIS is a suitable sensor for visual navigation in the real-world environment with moving objects. The authors describe a method for estimating the location and the motion of the robot by detecting the azimuth of each object in the omnidirectional image. In this method, the azimuth is matched with the given environmental map. They also present a method to avoid collision against unknown obstacles and estimate their locations by detecting their azimuth changes while the robot is moving in the environment. Using the COPIS system, several experiments in the real world were performed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Low-frequency applications of superconducting quantum interference devices (1973)

The applications of Josephson junctions to the measurement of low-frequency magnetic fields and voltages are reviewed. The relevant ideas of flux quantization and Josephson tunneling are very briefly reviewed, and the various methods of making Josephson junctions mentioned. The two basic types of magnetic sensor, the dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) and the RF SQUID, are described in some detail. Their theory of operation, noise limitations, and application to practical devices are discussed. The resolution of SQUID's commonly used in an analog mode is 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> Φ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> /√Hz, where Φ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> is the flux quantum. The basic sensor may be used in conjunction with a flux transformer to measure magnetic fields (with a resolution of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-14</sup> T/√Hz), magnetic-field gradients (with a resolution of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> T/m/√Hz), and magnetic susceptibilities. The SQUID may also be used as a voltmeter. The resolution is limited by the Johnson noise developed in the resistance of the low-temperature circuit, provided that this resistance is not too large: the upper limit in the liquid-He <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> temperature range appears to be a few tens of ohms.
Wavelet transform methods for geophysical applications (1994)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1994Wavelet transform methods for geophysical applicationsAuthors: Douglas J. FosterCharles C. MosherSiamak HassanzadehDouglas J. FosterARCO Exploration and Production Technology, Charles C. MosherARCO Exploration and Production Technology, and Siamak HassanzadehFujitsu America, Inc.https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822812 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822812FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByA dictionary learning method for seismic data compressionMohammed Outhmane Faouzi Zizi and Pierre Turquais24 January 2022 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 87, No. 2Using DAS to investigate traffic patterns at Brady Hot Springs, Nevada, USAKit Chambers2 November 2020 | The Leading Edge, Vol. 39, No. 11Introduction to Denoising and Data Gap Filling of Seismic Reflection Data26 March 2020Coherent noise suppression by learning and analyzing the morphology of the dataPierre Turquais, Endrias G. Asgedom, and Walter Söllner9 October 2017 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 82, No. 6A method of combining coherence-constrained sparse coding and dictionary learning for denoisingPierre Turquais, Endrias G. Asgedom, and Walter Söllner27 February 2017 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 82, No. 3Sparse least-squares reverse time migration using seisletsGaurav Dutta and Gerard T. Schuster19 August 2015Generalized windowed transforms for seismic processing and imagingCharles C. Mosher25 October 2012Seislet transform and seislet frameSergey Fomel and Yang Liu13 May 2010 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 75, No. 3Towards the seislet transformSergey Fomel6 October 2006Signal and noise separation: Art and scienceTadeusz J. Ulrych, Mauricio D. Sacchi, and J. Michael Graul7 February 2012 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 64, No. 5Seismic data compression using high-dimensional wavelet transforms SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1994ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1994 Pages: 1679 publication data© 1994 Copyright © 1994 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Douglas J. Foster, Charles C. Mosher, and Siamak Hassanzadeh, (1994), "Wavelet transform methods for geophysical applications," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1465-1468. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1822812 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Ionic Conduction Mechanism of PEO-Type Polymer Electrolytes Investigated by the Carrier Diffusion Phenomenon Using PGSE-NMR (2002)

The diffusive behavior of the cation and anion species of the PEO-type polymer electrolyte has been investigated using pulsed gradient spin-echo NMR to elucidate the carrier conduction mechanism of the polymer electrolyte. Compared with the random diffusive behavior generally observed in electrolyte solutions, the carriers in the PEO-type polymer electrolyte showed a characteristic migration feature of a restricted condition especially after the application of stress on the membrane. This is attributed to carrier hopping along the polymer chains through Coulombic interaction between the carriers and the ethylene oxide sites on the chains. The restricted feature was in agreement with the simple boundary restriction model. The diffusion time dependence of the echo intensity change also supported the belief that the carrier migration in the polymer electrolyte followed the simple boundary model. Considering the actual situation of the polymer electrolyte, the polymer chains spread in all directions to create a random network structure, which consequently permits three-dimensional migration as random diffusion under the condition of long-time limit. The diffusion manner of the cation species along and across the stretched direction was different at 80 °C. This was due to the difference in the diffusion coefficient between the two directions from the fitted results according to the simple boundary model. This confirmed that the alignment of the sites in the polymer electrolyte by strain would be effective for creating a highly conductive pathway for lithium ion transport even if application of stress is disadvantageous for segmental mobility.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and the Kallikrein-Kinin System (1990)

Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology™ is a peer reviewed, multidisciplinary journal that publishes original articles and pertinent review articles on basic and clinical aspects of cardiovascular pharmacology. Appropriate subjects include new drug development and evaluation, physiological and pharmacological bases of drug action, metabolism, drug interactions and side effects, clinical results with new and established agents and novel methods. The focus is on pharmacology in its broadest applications, incorporating not only traditional approaches, but new approaches to the development of pharmacological agents and the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
GPU-accelerated Adaptively Sampled Distance Fields (2008)

Adaptively Sampled Distance Fields (ADFs) are volumetric shape representations that support a broad range of applications in the areas of computer graphics, computer vision and physics. ADFs are especially beneficial for representing shapes with features at very diverse scales. In this paper, we propose a strategy to represent and reconstruct ADFs on modern graphics hardware (GPUs). We employ a 3D hashing scheme to store the underlying data structure and try to balance the tradeoff between memory requirements and reconstruction efficiency. To render ADFs on GPU, we use a general-purpose ray-casting technique based on sphere tracing, which guarantees the reconstruction of fine details. We also present a way to overcome the Cl discontinuities inherent to ADFs and efficiently reconstruct smooth surface normals across cell boundaries. The effectiveness of our proposal is demonstrated for isosurface rendering and morphing.
Estrogen Stimulation of Prolactin Production by Rat Adenohypophysis<i>in Vitro</i> (1962)

Explants from anterior pituitaries of mature female rats were cultured by a watch glass technique for 6 or 7 days in synthetic medium “199.” The medium was assayed for prolactin activity by the sensitive intradermal pigeon crop method. It was demonstrated that the pituitary explants were capable of synthesizing and releasing almost as much prolactin each day as they contained at the beginning of culture. An average of 0.8 Reece-Turner prolactin units (approximately 0.1 iu) was produced per pituitary each day in cultures maintained in 95% O2-5% CO2 atmosphere. Medium incubated without any tissue had no prolactin activity. Considerable prolactin activity was still detected in the medium at the end of a 3-week culture, showing that the explants continued to produce prolactin for the entire period. Histological examination of the pituitary explants at the end of the culture period revealed that the cells were in a viable state. In 10 trials, addition of 0.5 μg estradiol per cc of medium significantly increased prolactin activity in the medium by an average of 45% above control levels. This study demonstrates that anterior pituitaries cultured in vitro actively produce prolactin for prolonged periods when removed from all possible hypothalamic or neurohypophyseal influence, and that estrogen stimulates prolactin secretion by acting directly on adenohypophyseal cells.
A thermally assisted field emission electron beam exposure system (1988)

Electron beam lithography is widely used to fabricate densely packed devices such as high-frequency transistors, since optical lithography is unable to write the small patterns required for such devices. One major problem with micropattern writing with an electron beam exposure system, however, is slow writing speed; since the system has to write an extremely large number of patterns on low-sensitivity resist with a highly focused beam, exposure times are quite long. To speed up the writing process, we have attached a thermal field emission gun to our electron beam exposure system. This gun is designed to increase the electron source brightness and probe current density. In order to determine this new probe current density, we conducted an extensive evaluation on a complete lithography system which uses a thermal field emission gun. We have measured a current density of ∼1000 A/cm2 at an accelerating voltage of 25 kV and conclude that this lithography system can be put to practical use in production areas requiring high throughput and submicron exposures.
Epigenetic Temporal Control of Mouse <i>Hox</i> Genes in Vivo (2009)

During vertebrate development, the temporal control of Hox gene transcriptional activation follows the genomic order of the genes within the Hox clusters. Although it is recognized that this "Hox clock" serves to coordinate body patterning, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. We have shown that successive Hox gene activation in the mouse embryo is closely associated with a directional transition in chromatin status, as judged by the dynamic progression of transcription-competent modifications: Increases in activation marks correspond to decreases in repressive marks. Furthermore, using a mouse in which a Hox cluster was split into two pieces, we document the necessity to maintain a clustered organization to properly implement this process. These results suggest that chromatin modifications are important parameters in the temporal regulation of this gene family.
Purification and Characterization of an Acetyl Xylan Esterase from<i>Bacillus pumilus</i> (1998)

ABSTRACT Bacillus pumilus PS213 was found to be able to release acetate from acetylated xylan. The enzyme catalyzing this reaction has been purified to homogeneity and characterized. The enzyme was secreted, and its production was induced by corncob powder and xylan. Its molecular mass, as determined by gel filtration, is 190 kDa, while sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a single band of 40 kDa. The isoelectric point was found to be 4.8, and the enzyme activity was optimal at 55°C and pH 8.0. The activity was inhibited by most of the metal ions, while no enhancement was observed. The Michaelis constant ( K m ) and V max for α-naphthyl acetate were 1.54 mM and 360 μmol min −1 mg of protein −1 , respectively.
Pump Characteristic Based Optimization of a Direct Water Cooling System for a 10-kW/500-kHz Vienna Rectifier (2005)

An ultra high power density 10-kW/500-kHz three-phase pulse-width modulation rectifier (Vienna Rectifier) is under development at the Power Electronic Systems Laboratory, ETH Zurich. From preliminary measurements and numerical simulations the total efficiency is assumed to be 95% at full load, resulting in power losses of up to 150 W in each multichip power module that realizes a bridge leg of the rectifier. In order to maintain the required power density of the system high direct water cooling is employed where water is in direct contact with the module base plate. Based on the measured characteristic of the water pump (pressure drop dependent on the water flow rate) the geometry of different water channel structures below the module base plate is systematically optimized based on equations which are formulated using well-established fluid dynamics theory. The design optimization is constrained by the desire to keep the geometry of the water channels in a range which allows simple and low-cost manufacturing. The aim is to find a channel structure resulting in a minimum thermal resistance of the power module for a given pump characteristic. In this paper, a very simple slot channel is investigated. The dependency of the thermal resistance on the cooling system is calculated for various heights of the slot channel, and an optimized channel height is determined using the condition of simple manufacturability. The shortcomings of the simple slot structure are discussed, and a novel metallic inlay structure is introduced and optimized that results in a reduction of the thermal resistance of the direct water cooling scheme as compared to the slot channel system. All theoretical considerations are experimentally verified. The general optimization scheme introduced in this paper can easily be adapted to other cooling problems.
The endophytic bacteria isolated from elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach) promote plant growth and enhance salt tolerance of Hybrid Pennisetum (2016)

The four endophytic bacteria from elephant grass significantly promoted plant growth and biomass yield, alleviated the harmful effects of salt stress on Hybrid Pennisetum. These bacteria have indicated some unique properties that are very valuable for exploiting bio-inoculants aiding in the efforts to establish a sustainable and large-scale feedstock production system for Hybrid Pennisetum, particularly, on the saline marginal lands.
Production of active surface of a nickel-tin catalyst for dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons (1988)

Reactions between the compounds containing tin (SnCl/sub 2/, SnCl/sub 4/, SnBu/sub 4/, SnPh/sub 4/) and a reduced or oxidized Ni/kieselguhr catalyst have been studied by means of chemisorption and magnetic measurements and Moessbauer spectroscopy. The intermetallide Ni/sub 3/Sn/sub 2-x/ is a product of the reaction (after treatment by H/sub 2/ at 400/sup 0/C). Data have been obtained relating to the activities of the modified catalysts in the dehydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of cyclohexane. It has been shown that the chemisorption and catalytic properties of the modified catalysts are determined by their initial state and the nature of the modifier. The greatest activity and selectivity is possessed by the reduced catalyst modified by SnR/sub 4/ and the lowest activity by the oxidized catalyst modified by tin chlorides. The observed differences in the properties of the catalysts are explained by the special features of the intermetallide distribution on the surface.
Identification of recurrence-related microRNAs in the bone marrow of breast cancer patients (2011)

Recently, bone marrow has been considered as playing a critical role in the generation of both metastasis and recurrent disease. The accumulation of a single microRNA in the bone marrow has the potential to regulate the translation of multiple genes in cancer metastasis and may therefore serve as a prognostic marker for cancer recurrence. MicroRNA microarray analysis was performed to compare microRNA levels in bone marrow from 4 breast cancer patients with recurrent disease and 4 patients without recurrence. Accumulation of two of these microRNAs, miR-21 and miR-181a, in the recurrent breast cancer cases was validated by RT-PCR in bone marrow from 291 additional breast cancer cases. Expression of a common target gene, PDCD4, was also determined in bone marrow from 291 breast cancer cases. Increased miR-21 and miR-181a levels were significantly associated with shortened disease-free survival (DFS; p=0.0003, 0.0007) and overall survival (OS; p=0.0351, 0.0443), respectively. While low PDCD4 expression was also significantly associated with poorer DFS (p=0.036). Multivariate analysis identified bone marrow miR-21 and mR-181a levels as valuable independent prognostic factors, with correlation coefficients that were significantly higher than that of the transcript of their common target gene. Accumulation of miR-21 and miR-181a in bone marrow appears to be associated with prognosis in breast cancer patients. The much higher significant correlation with microRNA levels and prognosis suggests epistatic effects on multiple target genes in the bone marrow of breast cancer patients.
A novel approach to supporting legacy devices in LTE networks (2013)

The explosive growth in data traffic is resulting in a spectrum crunch forcing many wireless network operators to look towards refarming their 2G spectrum and deploy more spectrally efficient Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology. However, mobile network operators face a challenge when it comes to spectrum refarming because 2G technologies such as Global System for Mobile (GSM) is still widely used for low bandwidth machine-to-machine (M2M) devices. In this paper we propose a novel solution to provide GSM connectivity within an LTE carrier through an efficient overlay by reserving a few physical resource blocks for GSM. With this approach, operators can refarm their 2G spectrum to LTE efficiently while still providing some GSM connectivity to their low data rate M2M customers. Furthermore, spectrum can be dynamically shared between LTE and GSM. An approach similar to that proposed in this paper can also be applied for other narrow band technology overlays over LTE.
Resistant Starch–A Review (2006)

The concept of resistant starch (RS) has evoked new interest in the bioavailability of starch and in its use as a source of dietary fiber, particularly in adults. RS is now considered to provide functional properties and find applications in a variety of foods. Types of RS, factors influencing their formation, consequence of such formation, their methods of preparation, their methods of estimation, and health benefits have been briefly discussed in this review.