gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF WOUND INJURY ON ACCUMULATION OF PROTEINASE INHIBITORS IN LEAF AND STEM TISSUES OF TWO PROCESSING TOMATO CULTIVARS (1996)

Serine proteinase inhibitor(s) and small amounts of cysteine proteinase inhibitor were detected in both leaf and stem tissue 48 h after mechanical injury to the lower leaf of 21–25 day old tomato cultivars (cv). Leaves accumulated about 2–15 times more trypsin inhibitor than stem tissue. Approximately 10 times more trypsin inhibitor (TIU) accumulated in plants held at 30C in continuous light compared to plants held under ambient greenhouse conditions after injury. Uninjured plants held at 30C under continuous light accumulated less proteinase inhibitor(s) than injured plants. Holding Bonnie Best in the dark at 30C for 48 h resulted in less inhibitor(s) accumulation in response to mechanical wounding than holding plants at 30C in continuous light. TIU/g tissue recovered from injured plants held at 30C under continuous light varied with cultivar, i.e., for leaves: Bonnie Best (33.61), Alta (21.00; 25.43), Castlemart (16.00; 13.17) and Halley (1.96); and for stems: Castlemart (8.29), Alta (4.47) and Bonnie Best (2.59). SDS-PAGE assayed for inhibitor activity revealed the main trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor(s) in injured leaves both had a molecular mass (Mr) of 19.1 KD on SDS-PAGE substrate gels. Treatment of the inhibitors with 2.0% SDS at 100C prior to electrophoresis revealed a second major trypsin inhibitor (Mr = 16.4 KD) and two additional major α-chymotrypsin inhibitors (Mr = 16.4; 6.2 KD).
A content addressable memory using magnetic domain wall motion cells (2011)

A 5-ns search operation of a spintronic content addressable memory (Spin-CAM) was demonstrated, and the speed was the fastest to date. The CAM macro, with a capacity of 16 kb, was fabricated using 90-nm CMOS and domain wall (DW) motion processes. The operating speed was comparable to that of SRAM-based CAM. We also propose a CAM which has multiple contexts by improving the CAM cell circuit to enhance the SoC's performance. The estimated cell area is 3.5 µm2, which is less than that of an SRAM-based CAM cell, when a four-context CAM is designed.
Family of Soft-Switching Single-Switch PWM Converters with Lossless Passive Snubber (2014)

To increase the power conversion density, decrease switching losses and electromagnetic interference (EMI), and provide safe operating area for a switch, applying snubber circuits which provide soft-switching conditions is inevitable. Among different types of snubber circuits, passive snubbers, due to their simplicity and robustness, are preferred. These snubber circuits can obtain soft-switching conditions without any additional switch. Thus, gate drive and control circuits remain simple. In this paper, a simple lossless passive snubber circuit which can be applied on isolated and nonisolated converters is introduced. The proposed snubber circuit provides zero-current-switching and zero-voltage-switching conditions at turn-on and turnoff instants, respectively. The proposed snubber is applied on a boost converter and analyzed. Also, in order to prove the effectiveness of the proposed snubber circuit from the converter efficiency and EMI viewpoints, a 200-W prototype boost converter is implemented, and experimental results are presented. Also, the simulation results of a soft-switched flyback converter with the proposed snubber cell are presented.
Microphase-Stabilized Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals (MSFLC):  Bistable Switching of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal−Coil Diblock Copolymers (1998)

A side-chain liquid crystal (LC) block copolymer with a ferroelectric smectic C* LC block has been shown to exhibit bistable switching behavior in electric fields. Ferroelectric switching was demonstrated for block copolymers with volume fractions of 0.58 and 0.52 liquid crystal block. SAXS and TEM showed that the bulk morphologies of these two materials were hexagonally packed minority amorphous polystyrene (PS) cylinders and alternating lamellar amorphous PS layers, respectively. Cross-sectional TEM of a 10 μm thick film of the 0.58 volume fraction liquid crystal material used for the optical switching studies showed the cylinders to be well aligned along the shear direction and orthogonal to the applied electric field direction. It is believed that switching is possible due to an unwinding of the pitch of the smectic C* phase due to the presence of the intermaterial dividing surface of the microphase-separated cylindrical domains of the block copolymer which spatially confine the mesophase. This interaction realizes the concept of a microphase-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal (MSFLC) device.
Theory of the electronic structure of porous Si (1993)

A theoretical model for the electronic structure of porous Si is presented. Three geometries of porous Si (wire with square cross section, pore with square cross section, and pore with circular cross section) along both the [001] and [110] directions are considered. It is found that the confinement geometry affects decisively the ordering of conduction-band states. Due to the quantum confinement effect, there is a mixing between the bulk X and \ensuremath{\Gamma} states, resulting in finite optical transition matrix elements, but smaller than the usual direct transition matrix elements by a factor of ${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$. We found that the strengths of optical transitions are sensitive to the geometry of the structure. For (001) porous Si the structure with circular pores has much stronger optical transitions compared to the other two structures and it may play an important role in the observed luminescence. For this structure the energy difference between the direct and the indirect conduction-band minima is very small. Thus it is possible to observe photoluminescence from the indirect minimum at room temperature. For (110) porous Si of similar size of cross section the energy gap is smaller than that of (001) porous Si. The optical transitions for all three structures of (110) porous Si tend to be much stronger along the axis than perpendicular to the axis.
Class III PI-3-kinase activates phospholipase D in an amino acid–sensing mTORC1 pathway (2011)

The rapamycin-sensitive mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex, mTORC1, regulates cell growth in response to mitogenic signals and amino acid availability. Phospholipase D (PLD) and its product, phosphatidic acid, have been established as mediators of mitogenic activation of mTORC1. In this study, we identify a novel role for PLD1 in an amino acid-sensing pathway. We find that amino acids activate PLD1 and that PLD1 is indispensable for amino acid activation of mTORC1. Activation of PLD1 by amino acids requires the class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase hVps34, which stimulates PLD1 activity through a functional interaction between phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and the Phox homology (PX) domain of PLD1. Furthermore, amino acids stimulate PLD1 translocation to the lysosomal region where mTORC1 activation occurs in an hVps34-dependent manner, and this translocation is necessary for mTORC1 activation. The PX domain is required for PLD1 translocation, mTORC1 activation, and cell size regulation. Finally, we show that the hVps34-PLD1 pathway acts independently of, and in parallel to, the Rag pathway in regulating amino acid activation of mTORC1.
A 10Gb/s burst-mode TIA with on-chip reset/lock CM signaling detection and limiting amplifier with a 75ns settling time (2012)

Emerging symmetric 10Gb/s passive optical network (PON) systems aim at high network transmission efficiency by reducing the RX settling time that is needed for RX amplitude recovery in burst-mode (BM). A conventional AC-coupled BM- RX has an inherent tradeoff between short settling time and decision threshold droop, which makes an RX settling time shorter than 400ns hard to achieve. Some techniques have been developed to overcome this limitation, demonstrating a settling time of 150 to 200ns. Our previous work uses feed-forward automatic offset compensation (AOC) to achieve a response time as short as 25.6ns. However, a feed-forward scheme using peak detectors is intrinsically less accurate and results in relatively high power consumption. In this paper, we present a DC-coupled 10Gb/s BM-TIA and burst-mode limiting amplifier (BM- LA) chipset that uses a feedback type AOC circuit with switchable loop BW. This new technique is capable of removing input DC offset in less than 75ns, and offers continuous decision threshold tracking during payload, to cope with the maximum length of CID. The differential TIA output port senses a CM reset signal provided by the succeeding BM-LA, and activates an on-chip reset and lock function. This BM-LA also integrates auto reset/activity generation circuits providing the AOC BW switching signal, so that this time-critical signal is not required from the PON system.
Cost minimization in redundant trees for protection in vertex-redundant or edge-redundant graphs (2003)

Preplanned recovery using redundant trees in vertex-redundant or edge-redundant graphs is extended to the case where each edge has a cost and the goal is to find a pair of working and protection trees such that the cost of the working tree is as low as possible. We present efficient heuristic algorithms for this problem. Extensive computational results show that the cost of the working tree found with our algorithm is within 19% of the cost of a minimum spanning tree on the average, while the smaller cost of the working and protection trees found by the original algorithm without QoS consideration is about 95% over the cost of a minimum spanning tree on the average.
First-principles study of ballistic transport properties in Co<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>MnSi/<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>X</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math>Co<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>MnSi(001) (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>X</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math>Ag, Au, Al, V, Cr) trilayers (2011)

We investigate and discuss the origin of interface resistance in magnetic trilayers with the half-metallic Co${}_{2}$MnSi by performing first-principles electronic-structure and ballistic transport calculations for Co${}_{2}$MnSi/$X/$Co${}_{2}$MnSi(001) ($X=$ Ag, Au, Al, V, Cr). We found that the matching of the Fermi surface projected to the two-dimensional Brillouin zone of in-plane wave vector (${k}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}$) is a main contributing factor for the spacer ($X$) dependence of the interfacial resistance. Furthermore, the MnSi-terminated interface shows low resistance compared with the Co-terminated interface because the Co-terminated interface has a larger $d$ component in the local density of states at the Fermi level than that of the MnSi-terminated interface. We conclude that Ag, Au, and Al spacers with MnSi termination of CMS$/X/$CMS trilayers will provide the large interfacial spin-asymmetry coefficient because of the small interface resistance in parallel magnetization.
<i>Genista sessilifolia </i><scp>DC</scp>. extracts induce apoptosis across a range of cancer cell lines (2013)

Our results indicate that G. sessilifolia extract and its fraction 18-22 containing genistin and isoprunetin, were able to induce anti-cancer effects supporting the hypothesis of a pro-apoptotic intrinsic content of this natural medicinal plant.
Radiation effects on CCDs for spaceborne acquisition and tracking applications (2002)

The author reviews the results of recent Co/sup 60/ and proton testing of TH7863 and THX31160-1 CCDs. The Co/sup 60/ gamma ray tests were performed on devices both biased and unbiased during irradiation and at two dose rates (1 krad/hr and 50 rad/hr). In all cases the biased devices showed a threshold voltage shift of approximately 0.09 V/krad and significant increases in surface dark current ( approximately 10nA/cm/sup 2//krad at 22 degrees C) which continued after irradiation had ceased. Both threshold voltage and dark current damage were reduced for unbiased devices. Power consumption, charge transfer efficiency (CTE), full well capacity and charge to voltage conversion factor were also measured but did not show large changes. Proton testing was carried out at 1.5 and 10 MeV again for biased and unbiased devices and dark current changes due to bulk damage were observed. These were bias independent. There was significant annealing of bulk damage after 3 months storage (this time the dark current reduced). After annealing a storage constant of roughly 2.4nA/cm/sup 2/ per MeV of damage energy at 22 degrees C was found.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A decorrelating RAKE receiver for CDMA communications over frequency-selective fading channels (1999)

Previous studies showed that multiuser detection in code-division multiple-access (CDMA) communications can be performed without explicit knowledge of users' channel characteristics in a frequency-selective fading environment. However, the computations of these blind approaches are an order of magnitude higher than existing adaptive minimum output energy (MOE) receivers which require at least knowledge of the desired user's channel response. Although the high-complexity problem can be alleviated by constrained adaptive filtering, the tradeoff is a significant drop in receiver performance, especially when the multipath pattern is time varying. In this paper, we present an adaptive receiver for CDMA communications over frequency-selective, and possibly time-varying, wireless channels. A salient feature of the new receiver is that it has complexity and performance comparable to that of the well-known MOE receivers, and yet requires no knowledge of the desired user's channel characteristics.
Road Vehicle Recognition in Monocular Images (2005)

This paper describes a monocular vision-based Vehicle Recognition System in which the basic components of road vehicles are first located in the image and then combined with a SVM-based classifier. The challenge is to use a single camera as input. This poses the problem of vehicle detection and recognition in real, cluttered road images. A distributed learning approach is proposed in order to better deal with vehicle variability, illumination conditions, partial occlusions and rotations. The vehicle searching area in the image is constrained to the limits of the lanes, which are determined by the road lane markings. By doing so, the rate of false positive detections is largely decreased. A large database containing thousands of vehicle examples extracted from real road images has been created for learning purposes. We present and discuss the results achieved up to date.
Value of Organoids from Comparative Epithelia Models. (2015)

Organoids have tremendous therapeutic potential. They were recently defined as a collection of organ-specific cell types, which self-organize through cell-sorting, develop from stem cells, and perform an organ specific function. The ability to study organoid development and growth in culture and manipulate their genetic makeup makes them particularly suitable for studying development, disease, and drug efficacy. Organoids show great promise in personalized medicine. From a single patient biopsy, investigators can make hundreds of organoids with the genetic landscape of the patient of origin. This genetic similarity makes organoids an ideal system in which to test drug efficacy. While many investigators assume human organoids are the ultimate model system, we believe that the generation of epithelial organoids of comparative model organisms has great potential. Many key transport discoveries were made using marine organisms. In this paper, we describe how deriving organoids from the spiny dogfish shark, zebrafish, and killifish can contribute to the fields of comparative biology and disease modeling with future prospects for personalized medicine.
Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopy of Liquids using GaP-Raman Terahertz Spectrometer (2006)

We have measured the spectra of liquid water and solutions using widely frequency-tunable terahertz wave generator based on the resonance of the phonon-polaritons in GaP. Although terahertz wave can hardly be transmitted in a liquid water owing to the large absorption coefficient, using attenuated total reflection techniques, terahertz spectra of methanol and glucose in water can be measured. The internal reflectivity of the methanol and water mixture increases with amount of methanol. The frequency dependence of dispersion in the reflection spectra of solutions is thought to be dispersion in the refractive index. Spectral feature could characterize solutes in water.
The inflorescence architecture ofPetunia hybrida is modified by theArabidopsis thaliana Ap2 gene (1999)

We have introduced the Apetala2 (Ap2) gene of Arabidopsis thaliana into Petunia hybrida. Four out of 10 Ap2 transgenic plants flowered and exhibited an altered inflorescence architecture. Internode elongation suggests that the transition from the vegetative to the inflorescence phase does occur, although flower formation is delayed and the cymose branching pattern is not established. Instead, the inflorescence continues to produce bracts and eventually terminates in an aberrant flower with an excess of floral organs. New inflorescence branches then develop from the axillary meristems of the bracts, repeating the formation of a number of bracts before conversion into a terminal, aberrant flower. These results indicate that the Ap2 gene plays a role in the determination of inflorescence meristem identity, but not as a typical A-like function, adding to the existing doubt about the general role of Ap2 gene(s) in floral development.
MUC-1 gene is associated with prostate cancer death: a 20-year follow-up of a population-based study in Sweden (2007)

Anti-adhesion mucins have proven to play an important part in the biology of several types of cancer. Therefore, we test the hypothesis that altered expression of MUC-1 is associated with prostate cancer progression. We retrieved archival tumour tissue from a population-based cohort of 195 men with localised prostate cancer (T1a-b, Nx, M0) that has been followed for up to 20 years with watchful waiting. Semi-automated, quantitative immunohistochemistry was undertaken to evaluate MUC-1 expression. We modelled prostate cancer-specific death as a function of MUC-1 levels accounting for age, Gleason grade and tumour extent, and calculated age-adjusted and multivariate adjusted hazard ratios (HR). Men that had tumours with an MUC-intensity lower or higher than normal tissue had a higher risk of dying in prostate cancer, independent of tumour extent and Gleason score (HR 5.1 and 4.5, respectively). Adjustment for Gleason grade and tumour stage did not alter the results. Men with a Gleason score > or =7 and MUC-1 deviating from the normal had a 17 (RR=17.1 95% confidence interval=2.3-128) times higher risk to die in prostate cancer compared with men with Gleason score <7 and normal MUC-1 intensity. In summary, our data show that MUC-1 is an independent prognostic marker for prostate cancer death.
Cause and Consequence of Change in Semiconductor Electronics (1978)

Change nearly always brings difficulties, yet semiconductor firms in the United States have managed not only to live with sudden, vicious change, but also to thrive on it. The reasons for this are concerned with technology and the role of the individual. The consequences are felt by the electronics industry elsewhere and will increasingly affect other industries and society in general as both struggle with the rapid change inherent in semiconductor electronics.
The Specific Assay of Prothrombin Using the Taipan Snake Venom (1971)

S ummary . A simple one‐stage assay for the measurement of prothrombin employing the Taipan snake venom is described. The venom converts prothrombin to thrombin in the absence of all other known clotting factors.
A field demonstration of 20-Gb/s capacity transmission over 360 km of installed standard (non-DSF) fiber (1995)

We report a field demonstration of 20 Gb/s capacity transmission over a 360-km installed "standard" fiber cable. The system consisted of two 10-Gb/s channels with wavelengths ranging between 1552 and 1558 nm and optical repeaters separated by 120 km. A robust system hardware design and new compact optical repeaters enabled us to achieve "error-free" operation over five consecutive days in the field environment. The wavelength crosstalk and unequal dispersion compensation between the two channels had a negligible effect on the system performance. The result clearly demonstrates that both loss and dispersion of the embedded "standard" fiber can be overcome in multi-channel long-haul transmission systems with 10 Gb/s OC192/STM64 line-rate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Selection and characterization of a<i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>strain promising as a urogenital probiotic (2005)

Vaginally isolated Lactobacillus strains (n=511) were evaluated for probiotic properties in the female urogenital region. A strain of Lactobacillus plantarum designated LB931 showed several desirable properties and was found to grow and reduce the pH in MRS broth rapidly, to produce substances totally inhibiting growth of common urogenital pathogens, and to remain viable during long-term storage. It was not affected by antimycotics or spermicidals and it adhered to the urogenital surface. Strain LB931 possesses properties required by probiotic bacteria aimed to improve or restore the female urogenital microflora.
The lung physiome: merging imaging‐based measures with predictive computational models (2009)

Global measurements of the lung provided by standard pulmonary function tests do not give insight into the regional basis of lung function and lung disease. Advances in imaging methodologies, computer technologies, and subject-specific simulations are creating new opportunities to study structure-function relationships in the lung through multidisciplinary research. The digital Human Lung Atlas is an image-based resource compiled from male and female subjects spanning several decades of age. The Atlas comprises both structural and functional measures, and includes computational models derived to match individual subjects for personalized prediction of function. The computational models in the Atlas form part of the Lung Physiome project, which is an international effort to develop integrative models of lung function at all levels of biological organization. The computational models provide mechanistic interpretation of imaging measures; the Atlas provides structural data on which to base model geometry, and functional data against which to test hypotheses. The example of simulating airflow on a subject-specific basis is considered. Methods for deriving multiscale models of the airway geometry for individual subjects in the Atlas are outlined, and methods for modeling turbulent flows in the airway are reviewed.