gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies directed against connective tissue proteoglycans. (1985)

Monoclonal antibodies have been raised against determinants present in cartilage proteoglycan. Characterization of the specificity of these antibodies indicated that they recognize determinants present in the keratan sulfate glycosaminoglycan chain and on chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharide stubs attached to the proteoglycan core protein after chondroitinase digestion of the proteoglycan (i.e., delta-unsaturated 4- and 6-sulfated and unsulfated chondroitin sulfate on the proteoglycan core). The antibody recognizing keratan sulfate has been used to demonstrate the presence of a keratan sulfate-rich proteoglycan subpopulation that increases with increasing age of animal compared with chondroitin sulfate-rich proteoglycans. Monoclonal antibodies recognizing determinants on chondroitinase-treated proteoglycan have been used in immunohistochemical localization studies determining the differential distribution of 4- and 6-sulfated and unsulfated proteoglycans in tissue sections of cartilage and other noncartilaginous tissues. Digestion with chondroitinase ABC or ACII can be used to differentiate between chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate proteoglycan in different connective tissues. In addition, the presence of a 6-sulfated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan that is associated with membranes surrounding nerve and muscle fiber bundles is described. Monoclonal antibodies were also raised against the link protein(s) of cartilage proteoglycan aggregate. They have been used in peptide map analyses of link protein and in demonstrating the presence of a high-mannose oligosaccharide chain of the link proteins. The presence of high-mannose oligosaccharide structures on the link protein(s) accounts for the microheterogeneity of the link proteins (link proteins 1, 2, or 3) that is observed on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels.
Distinct Counting With a Self-Learning Bitmap (2011)

Counting the number of distinct elements (cardinality) in a dataset is a fundamental problem in database management. In recent years, there has been significant interest to address the distinct counting problem in a data stream setting, where each incoming data can be seen only once and cannot be stored for long periods of time. Many probabilistic approaches based on either sampling or sketching have been proposed in the computer science literature that only require limited computing and memory resources. However, the performances of these methods are not scale invariant, in the sense that their relative root mean square estimation errors (RRMSE) depend on the unknown cardinalities. This is not desirable in many applications where cardinalities can be dynamic or inhomogeneous and many cardinalities need to be estimated. In this article, we develop a novel approach, called self-learning bitmap (S-bitmap) that is scale invariant for cardinalities in a specified range. S-bitmap uses a binary vector whose entries are updated from 0 to 1 by an adaptive sampling process for inferring the unknown cardinality, where the sampling rates are reduced sequentially as more and more entries change from 0 to 1. We prove rigorously that the S-bitmap estimate is not only unbiased but scale invariant. We demonstrate that to achieve a small RRMSE value of ε or less, our approach requires significantly less memory and uses similar or fewer operations than state-of-the-art methods for many common practice cardinality scales. Both simulation and experimental studies are reported.
Lectin-functionalized poly (lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles as oral/aerosolized antitubercular drug carriers for treatment of tuberculosis (2004)

WGA-functionalized PLG-NPs could be potential drug carriers for antitubercular drugs through the oral as well as aerosol route for effective TB control.
Particle classification based on polarized light scattering and machine learning (2018)

This paper focuses the data processing and then the multi-class classification of suspended particles using a new polarized light measurement scheme. Detection of multidimensional polarization parameters keeps the advantages of fast detection speed and non-invasive local analysis of light scattering method, and increases the information dimension of the analyzed particles. However, the polarization indices are numerous and interrelated. It is difficult to complete classification prediction by a few specific indices. More advanced algorithms are needed. In our research, we selected six kinds of representative particles and three typical machine learning algorithms. k-NN, Neural network and SVM methods were used to construct the classification models and solve different classification tasks. By comparison, we evaluated these models in terms of their performance for classification tasks in different aspects. Furthermore, we discuss how to improve the models by feature selection, and a rough prediction of the capability of each polarization index to reflect the particulate features was made.
Nanocomposite Polymer Electrolytes Based on Poly(oxyethylene) and Cellulose Nanocrystals (2004)

Lithium-conducting nanocomposite polymer electrolytes based on high molecular weight poly(oxyethylene) (POE) were prepared from high aspect ratio cellulosic whiskers and lithium imide LiTFSI salt. The thermomechanical behavior of the resulting films was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis. The ionic conductivity and the electrochemical stability of the nanocomposite polymer electrolytes are quite consistent with the specifications of lithium batteries. The ionic mobilities were determined by pulsed magnetic field gradient NMR, and it was shown that the reinforcement does not affect the lithium transference number. High performance nanocomposite electrolytes based on tunicin whiskers were obtained. Indeed, the filler provides a high reinforcing effect, while a high level of ionic conductivity is retained with respect to unfilled polymer electrolytes.
Enhancement of Specific Biological Activity of Dipyridamole by Complexation with &beta;-Cyclodextrin (1990)

Dipyridamole forms an inclusion complex with beta-cyclodextrin (dip-beta-CD) which shows better solubility and bioavailability than the uncomplexed compound. The present studies have demonstrated that dip-beta-CD is more effective than dipyridamole either as base or HCl (dispersed or not in lactose) on some important cardiovascular parameters when orally administered to conscious animals. In particular, dip-beta-CD causes a stronger and prompter coronary and carotid vasodilatation in dogs, at doses which weakly influence the systemic arterial pressure and the heart rate. In addition, platelets collected from treated rabbits at various intervals appear to be protected from sodium adenosine diphosphate-induced aggregation in vitro more effectively and rapidly by dip-beta-CD than by dipyridamole. Studies on tail bleeding time have confirmed that dip-beta-CD is more active than dipyridamole when given orally to mice. These biological findings are fully in agreement with other oral bioavailability studies in dogs and men indicating that dip-beta-CD gives quicker and higher blood levels with smaller interindividual variability than dipyridamole.
Cardiac Output Versus Pacing Rate at Rest and with Exercise in Dogs with AV Block (1988)

To achieve maximum benefit from exercise (rate)-responsive pacing in subjects with sinus node dysfunction and AV block, it is necessary to determine the pacing rate (HR) which produces maximum cardiac output (CO) under specified exercise conditions. However, the CO-HR relationship for exercise has not been systematically investigated. To permit determination of the optimum HR, CO was measured at rest and with exercise for different pacing rates. Seven dogs with complete AV block and permanently implanted ventricular pacemakers were exercised on a treadmill for 5 min at each of four pacing rates (55, 76, 101, 116/min) and at two constant exercise levels (225 and 560 kg.m/min). CO was determined by impedance cardiography during the resting state preceding exercise and during a brief period (10-20 s) immediately after exercise, and was expressed as a percent of the CO determined at rest with HR = 55/min. A three-phase pattern of CO versus HR appears to exist for exercise as for rest. For exercise, starting from a low HR, CO increases markedly; a "plateau" is reached during which moderate increase in CO is achieved by increasing HR. At very rapid pacing rates, CO may actually decrease with further increase in HR. The results of this study suggest that a subject-specific optimum HR exists for each constant exercise level. Moreover, the methodology employed in the study is applicable to the identification of optimum HR for any exercise (rate)-responsive pacemaker.
Human papillomavirus 6/11 and 16/18 in schneiderian inverted papillomas.In situ hybridization with human papillomavirus RNA probes (1990)

Schneiderian inverted papillomas may be troublesome lesions for clinicians with propensity for recurrences. Dysplasia is not uncommonly seen, and some of these lesions do progress to develop squamous carcinoma. The authors hybridized in situ seven inverted papillomas with RNA probes to human papillomavirus (HPV) 6, 11, 16, and 18. Four of these contained dysplasia, two were without dysplasia, and one contained invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Five inverted papillomas showed evidence of HPV infection based on hybridization. One with mild to moderate and one with severe dysplasia, and one without dysplasia hybridized with mixed probe HPV 6/11. One with mild dysplasia and one associated with invasive squamous cell carcinoma hybridized with mixed probe HPV 16/18. One inverted papilloma without dysplasia and one with severe dysplasia did not definitively hybridize with either mixed probe. These findings raise interesting questions as to role of HPV 6/11 and 16/18 in the development of inverted papillomas, and probably on the progression to and carcinoma.
Basal Heat Pain Thresholds Predict Opioid Analgesia in Patients with Postherpetic Neuralgia (2006)

These findings, which will require replication, suggest that pretreatment assessment of heat pain sensitivity might prove useful in identifying those patients most likely to respond to opioids.
Gene expression patterns in human placenta (2006)

The placenta is the principal metabolic, respiratory, excretory, and endocrine organ for the first 9 months of fetal life. Its role in fetal and maternal physiology is remarkably diverse. Because of the central role that the placenta has in fetal and maternal physiology and development, the possibility that variation in placental gene expression patterns might be linked to important abnormalities in maternal or fetal health, or even variations in later life, warrants investigation. As an initial step, we used DNA microarrays to analyze gene expression patterns in 72 samples of amnion, chorion, umbilical cord, and sections of villus parenchyma from 19 human placentas from successful full-term pregnancies. The umbilical cord, chorion, amnion, and villus parenchyma samples were readily distinguished by differences in their global gene-expression patterns, many of which seemed to be related to physiology and histology. Differentially expressed genes have roles that include placental trophoblast secretion, signal transduction, metabolism, immune regulation, cell adhesion, and structure. We found interindividual differences in expression patterns in villus parenchyma and systematic differences between the maternal, fetal, and intermediate layers. A group of genes that was expressed in both the maternal and fetal villus parenchyma sections of placenta included genes that may be associated with preeclampsia. We identified sets of genes whose expression in placenta was significantly correlated with the sex of the fetus. This study provides a rich and diverse picture of the molecular variation in the placenta from healthy pregnancies.
A Data Reception Method to Reduce Interruption Time in P2P Streaming Environments (2010)

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in P2P (Peer-to-Peer) streaming environments. In P2P streaming environments, compared with the traditional server-client model, the load of the server can be reduced by transmitting the divided streaming data (pieces) among clients. However, when bandwidths between clients are narrow, interruption occurs since clients cannot receive the necessary piece of data until the time to play it. In this paper, we propose a data reception method to reduce interruption time in P2P streaming environments. Our proposed method calculates the importance of each piece which takes into account the immediacy and the scarcity of the piece. The evaluation results show that our proposed method can reduce the interruption time for peers in a P2P environment compared with conventional methods.
R290 as a Substitute of R502 and R22 in Commercial Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (1996)

The research to find refrigerants suitable as candidates to replace R22 and R502, has to considerate not only the thermodynam ic characteristic s of the alternatives, but also its impact on the earth ecosystem; on the basis of the above consideration s and considering the updated European standards on the allowed refrigerants, the impact of the use of propane (R290) in hermetic compressors tor air conditioning and commercial refrigeration has been analyzed.The performance s of R290 in comparison with R22 are presented, from the theoretical as well as from experimental point of view.The influence of R290 on compressor reliability has been also evaluated analyzing the bearing load and considering both the materials compatibility and the oil solubility; the lower operating temperature has a positive impact on compressor reliability.Some consideration s on safety are also presented.
Delitos informáticos, terrorismo y Derecho internacional en el Anteproyecto de Ley Orgánica de 2008, por la que se modifica la Ley Orgánica 10/1995, del Código Penal (2009)

We looked at the impact of radiotherapy to the whole pelvis (WPRT) for patients with prostate cancer that had spread to the lymph nodes. Although the trial was closed early because of poor enrolment, we found that WPRT improves survival free from relapse, and no recurrences were observed in the pelvis. WPRT is associated with more acute side effects on the gastrointestinal system in comparison to radiotherapy to just the prostate.
POTENTIALITIES OF EMISSION REDUCTION BY DESIGN OF INDUCTION SYSTEMS (1966)

<div class="htmlview paragraph"><i>As an alternative to oxidation of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the exhaust system, a research program conducted by Ethyl indicates that the volume of the combustibles discharged from the cylinders can be minimized by redesign of fuel-induction systems. The objective is achievable without lowering of the level of acceleration performance or increase of fuel consumption.</i></div> <div class="htmlview paragraph"><i>A two-stage carburetion system is employed in combination with a dual or single manifold. The single-barrel primary stage of the carburetor, which is used alone in cruising up to about 70 miles per hour, provides good mixture preparation and close to uniform fuel distribution to the cylinders. The one or two barrels of the second stage are brought into operation when maximum performance is desired. Other features of carburetors and manifolds are described that contribute to emission reduction.</i></div>
Biophysical mechanisms of MRI signal frequency contrast in multiple sclerosis (2012)

Phase images obtained with gradient echo MRI provide image contrast distinct from T1- and T2-weighted images. It is commonly assumed that the local contribution to MRI signal phase directly relates to local bulk tissue magnetic susceptibility. Here, we use Maxwell's equations and Monte Carlo simulations to provide theoretical background to the hypothesis that the local contribution to MRI signal phase does not depend on tissue bulk magnetic susceptibility but tissue magnetic architecture--distribution of magnetic susceptibility inclusions (lipids, proteins, iron, etc.) at the cellular and subcellular levels. Specifically, we show that the regular longitudinal structures forming cylindrical axons (myelin sheaths and neurofilaments) can be locally invisible in phase images. Contrary to an expectation that the phase contrast in multiple sclerosis lesions should always increase in degree along with worsening of lesion severity (which happens for all known MR magnitude-based contrast mechanisms), we show that phase contrast can actually disappear with extreme tissue destruction. We also show that the phase contrast in multiple sclerosis lesions could be altered without loss of nervous system tissue, which happens in mild injury to the myelin sheaths or axonal neurofilaments. Moreover, we predict that the sign of phase contrast in multiple sclerosis lesions indicates the predominant type of tissue injury-myelin damage (positive sign) vs. axonal neurofilament damage (negative sign). Therefore, our theoretical and experimental results shed light on understanding the relationship between gradient echo MRI signal phase and multiple sclerosis pathology.
Regulation of Susceptibility to Natural Killer Cells' Cytotoxicity and Regulation of HLA Synthesis: Differing Efficacies of Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Interferons (1982)

Interferon (IFN) is an effective activator of the natural killer (NK) cells but can also induce, in a variety of target cells, resistance to the NK induced cytolysis. We have compared the ability of the various types of human IFN to carry out this function, by quantitating the cytolysis induced by NK cells in cultured fibroblasts pretreated with each IFN and comparing this effect of the IFNs to their effectivity in suppressing viral replication. Relative to their antiviral potency, preparations of IFN-gamma were significantly more effective than the alpha or beta interferons in inducing what we call the "anti-NK" effect. Significant inhibition of the natural killing was observed with IFN-gamma even at concentrations at which no antiviral effect was induced. Preparations of IFN-gamma were also more effective than the other interferons in suppressing cell growth. While the induction of the enzyme oligo-isoadenylate synthetase correlated to the antiviral effectivity of the interferons, the quantitation of the HLA proteins in the cells had shown that their induction by the interferons correlates to the induction of the anti-NK effect, being stimulated much more effectively by IFN-gamma than by IFN-alpha or IFN-beta. The anti-NK, HLA and antiviral-inducing activities co-purified in fractionation of IFN-gamma preparations. These findings suggest the existence of several independent mechanisms for the regulation of cell functions by interferons. The gamma IFN is particularly effective in regulating functions involved in the interaction of cells with the immune system while the gamma virus-induced IFN-alpha and -beta are more effective as inducers of resistance to viral growth.
Variable anamorphic lens for a 35-mm SLR (1983)

A variable anamorphic lens system for a 35-mm SLR camera is described. Using a pair of achromatic prisms an anamorphic range of 0.75:1.33 is achieved. The lens in its unanamorphic state has a focal length of 100 mm and an aperture of f/5.6. Focusing from infinity to 0.1 magnification is made possible by separating out the positive and negative components of the nominally zero power front group.
On-chip oscilloscopes for noninvasive time-domain measurement of waveforms in digital integrated circuits (2003)

High-speed digital design is becoming increasingly analog. In particular, interconnect response at high frequencies can be nonmonotonic with "porch steps" and ringing. Crosstalk (both capacitive and inductive) can result in glitches on wires that can produce functional failures in receiving circuits. Most of these important effects are not addressed with traditional automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) and built-in self-test (BIST) techniques, which are limited to the binary abstraction. In this work, we explore the feasibility of integrating primitive sampling oscilloscopes on-chip to provide waveforms on selective critical nets for test and diagnosis. The oscilloscopes rely on subsampling techniques to achieve 10-ps timing accuracy. High-speed samplers are combined with delay-locked loops (DLLs) and a simple 8-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to convert the waveforms into digital data that can be incorporated as part of the chip scan chain. We will describe the design and measurement of a chip we have fabricated to incorporate these oscilloscopes with a high-frequency interconnect structure in a TSMC 0.25-/spl mu/m process. The layout was extracted using Cadence's Assura RCX-PL extraction engine, enabling a comparison between simulated and measured results.
Parametric approximation of room impulse responses based on wavelet decomposition (2002)

A new approach to the approximation and real-time simulation of room impulse responses is presented. Based on wavelet decomposition of measured impulse response data an energy-time-frequency representation of the system room is obtained. The wavelet coefficients in the frequency subbands are calculated by a multirate analysis filter bank providing aliasing-free subband processing and linear-phase filters. In a second step a modification of the Prony-method is used to obtain the parameters of cascaded moving average comb filter structures. Combining the approximated subband signals by a synthesis filter bank with perfect reconstruction properties gives an approximation of the broadband impulse reponse.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Wavelength Defragmentation with Minimum Optical Path Disruptions for Seamless Service Migration (2016)

We propose wavelength defragmentation solutions with minimum optical path disruptions. The new approaches achieve up to 20% resource efficiency improvement with less than one fourth of disruptions compared to the conventional approach.
Development of a Firefly Luciferase-Based Assay for Determining Antimicrobial Susceptibility of<i>Mycobacterium avium</i>subsp.<i>paratuberculosis</i> (1999)

Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) is a fatal disease of ruminants for which no effective treatment is available. Presently, no drugs against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis), the causative agent of Johne's disease, are approved for use in livestock. Additionally, M. paratuberculosis has been linked to a human chronic granulomatous ileitis (Crohn's disease). To assist in the evaluation of antimicrobial agents with potential activity against M. paratuberculosis, we have developed a firefly luciferase-based assay for the determination of drug susceptibilities. The microorganism used was M. paratuberculosis K-10(pYUB180), a clinical isolate carrying a plasmid with the firefly luciferase gene. The MICs determined by the broth macrodilution method were as follows: amikacin, 2 microg/ml; Bay y 3118, 0.015 microg/ml; clarithromycin, 1.25 microg/ml; D-cycloserine, 25 microg/ml; ethambutol, 20 microg/ml; and rifabutin, 0.5 microg/ml. The strain was resistant to isoniazid and kanamycin. The results obtained by the luciferase assay were identical or fell within 1 doubling dilution. These results suggest that a combination of amikacin, clarithromycin, and rifabutin may be the most efficacious therapy for the treatment of M. paratuberculosis infections and that the use of fluoroquinolone class of antibiotics deserves further consideration. We demonstrate that the luciferase drug susceptibility assay is reliable for M. paratuberculosis and gives results within 7 days, whereas the broth macrodilution method requires 14 days.