gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on lignan lactone antitumor agents. II Synthesis of N-alkylamino- and 2,6-dideoxy-2-aminoglycosidic lignan variants related to podophyllotoxin. (1986)

D-(and L-)2, 6-Dideoxy-2-aminoglycosidic variants of 4'-O-demethyl-1-epipodophyllotoxin were synthesized by glycosidation of 4'-O-benzyloxycarbonyl- or 4'-O-chloroacetyl-4'-O-demethyl-1-epipodophyllotoxin (6 or 14) with the corresponding aminosugar derivatives. 1-O-(2-Amino-2-deoxy-4 : 6-O-ethylidene-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-4'-O-demethyl-1-epipodophyllotoxin (18) reacted with aldehydes in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride, or reacted with α, β-unsaturated esters, or with α, β-unsaturated nitriles to yield the corresponding N-alkyl analogs. A number of the 4'-O-demethyl-1-epipodopyllotoxin β-D-aminoglycoside derivatives gave significant survival time increases in mice with leukemia L-1210. In particular, 1-O-(2-dimethylamino-2-deoxy-4 : 6-O-ethylidene-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-4'-O-demethyl-1-epipodophyllotoxin (19) showed superior activity to VP-16-213 (etoposide, 1).
Design and development of chiral reagents for the chromatographic e.e. determination of chiral alcohols (1996)

(S)-Trolox methyl ether is known as a powerful chiral reagent for the e.e. determination of chiral alcohols by separation of the corresponding diastereoisomeric esters on achiral GC and SFC columns. In order to further improve his methodology, five possible candidates resultings from variation of structural elements of parent reagent have been tested for derivatization with selected alcohols and subsequent analysis of the diastereoisomeric pairs of esters. The results of this optimization procedure showing the ways to new potent reagents are discussed. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
DNA sequence of the lactose operon: the lacA gene and the transcriptional termination region. (1985)

The lac operon of Escherichia coli spans approximately 5300 base pairs and includes the lacZ, lacY, and lacA genes in addition to the operator, promoter, and transcription termination regions. We report here the sequence of the lacA gene and the region distal to it, confirming the sequence of thiogalactoside transacetylase and completing the sequence of the lac operon. The lacA gene is characterized by use of rare codons, suggesting an origin from a plasmid, transposon, or virus gene. UUG is the translation initiation codon. A preliminary examination of 3' end of the lac messenger in the region distal to the lacA gene indicates several endpoints. A predominant one is located at the 3' end of a G + C-rich hairpin structure, which may be involved in termination of transcription or in post-transcriptional processing. An open reading frame of 702 base pairs is present on the complementary strand downstream from lacA.
The Status of Health and Physical Education for Women in Negro Colleges and Universities (1939)

During the past ten years, rapid changes and extensive experiments have taken place throughout the field of liberal education in Negro colleges and universities. The changes have occurred primarily in educational policies, but have often been influenced to a marked extent by the necessity for reduction in student expenses. The attempt to balance the school budget, with a limited amount of funds, led to drastic cuts in all departments, and almost to the exclusion of some important departments. Perhaps the department which suffered most was that of health and physical education. In Negro colleges the tendency has been toward acquiring academic training. Little attention has been given to the care and protection of health; to the building of strong well developed bodies; or to the teaching of proper recreational activities. In most cases, however, some attention has been given to competitive athletics for men, such as football, basketball, baseball, and track; but little, if any, attention has been given to physical activities for women.
Cu[sub 2]SnS[sub 3] and Cu[sub 4]SnS[sub 4] Thin Films via Chemical Deposition for Photovoltaic Application (2010)

Thin films of copper sulfide (CuS, 200 nm thick) were deposited over thin films of tin sulfide (SnS, 180 nm thick) by sequential chemical deposition. The layers were heated in nitrogen atmosphere at 350 and . The grazing incidence X-ray diffraction analysis of these layers established the formation of thin films of ternary composition, and . Optical bandgaps of the films are direct, 0.95 eV for and 1.2 eV for , and the electronic transitions are of the forbidden type in both cases. The films are p-type, with electrical conductivities of and hole concentrations of . Based on the optical absorption coefficients, the light generated current density as a solar cell absorber was evaluated for these materials for air mass 1.5 global solar radiation. For a film thickness of , and could offer of 34 and , respectively. Corresponding optical conversion efficiencies of solar energy into electron–hole pairs are 32 and 24%. The built-in potential for and junctions would be above 0.9 V and above 1.1 V when ZnO replaces CdS as the window layer.
Transmission of light through a single rectangular hole in a real metal (2006)

A theory is presented to describe the optical transmission through a rectangular hole in a real metal film. The previous theory of the transmission through a rectangular hole in a perfect electric conductor is extended to include the effects associated with having a real metal by adding surface-impedance boundary conditions and an effective index mode calculation. Both the peak and amplitude of the Fabry-P\'erot resonance of the fundamental mode agree quantitatively with experiments. Finite-difference time-domain calculations are used to verify the theoretical findings as well as to show the effects of including loss, which is not included in the theory. The localized nature of the transmission resonances is also revealed by analyzing the electric field maps associated with the enhanced transmission process.
Stereocontrolled synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleoside boranophosphates via stereodefined H-phosphonate intermediates (2009)

P-Stereodefined oligodeoxyribonucleoside boranophosphates (PB-ODNs) were successfully synthesized by the conversion of diastereopure H-phosphonate intermediates. Thermal denaturation studies clearly showed that the duplex stability of PB-ODNs with the complementary DNA and RNA depends on the stereochemistry of the boranophosphate linkages.
0.55 eV n/p/n MIM TPV cell development (2002)

A monolithic interconnected module (MIM) has been described which serves as the photovoltaic converter and the spectral control mechanism in thermophotovoltaic (TPV) devices. Current MIM development has been directed toward reducing the bandgap of the device to optimize the performance for low temperature radiators (/spl sim/1200 K). Low bandgap (0.55 eV) MIMs have been developed from InGaAs grown lattice mismatched to InP. A variety of buffer layer schemes have been investigated and the impact of buffer layer design on device performance has been examined.
Opting out of medicaid expansion may cost States additional primary care physicians. (2015)

States currently electing not to expand Medicaid possibly forego the opportunity to expand their primary care workforces by a total of 1,525 physicians. Increased demand from expansion states and a limited primary care physician pool may provide a pull across state lines to the disadvantage of nonexpansion states.
An Aquaporin-Like Gene Required for the <i>Brassica</i> Self-Incompatibility Response (1997)

Self-incompatibility in Brassica refers to the rejection of self-related pollen and is mediated by a receptor protein kinase localized to the plasma membrane of the stigma epidermis in the flower. The recessive mutation mod eliminates self-incompatibility in the stigma. In mod mutants, self-compatibility was shown to be associated with the absence of transcripts encoded by an aquaporin-related gene. This observation suggests that a water channel is required for the self-incompatibility response of Brassica, which is consistent with the concept that regulation of water transfer from the stigma to pollen is a checkpoint in the early events of pollination in the crucifer family.
Design, fabrication and actuation of a MEMS-based image stabilizer for photographic cell phone applications (2010)

This work presents a MEMS-based image stabilizer applied for anti-shaking function in photographic cell phones. The proposed stabilizer is designed as a two-axis decoupling XY stage 1.4 × 1.4 × 0.1 mm3 in size, and adequately strong to suspend an image sensor for anti-shaking photographic function. This stabilizer is fabricated by complex fabrication processes, including inductively coupled plasma (ICP) processes and flip-chip bonding technique. Based on the special designs of a hollow handle layer and a corresponding wire-bonding assisted holder, electrical signals of the suspended image sensor can be successfully sent out with 32 signal springs without incurring damage during wire-bonding packaging. The longest calculated traveling distance of the stabilizer is 25 µm which is sufficient to resolve the anti-shaking problem in a three-megapixel image sensor. Accordingly, the applied voltage for the 25 µm moving distance is 38 V. Moreover, the resonant frequency of the actuating device with the image sensor is 1.123 kHz.
A Review of Hybrid Topologies Combining Line-Commutated and Cascaded Full-Bridge Converters (2016)

This paper presents a review of concepts for enabling the operation of a line-commutated converter (LCC) at leading power angles. These concepts rely on voltage or current injection at the ac or dc sides of the LCC, which can be achieved in different ways. We focus on the voltage and current injection by full-bridge (FB) arms, which can be connected either at the ac or dc sides of the LCC and can generate voltages that approximate ideal sinusoids. Hybrid configurations of an LCC connected at the ac side in series or in parallel with FB arms are presented. Moreover, a hybrid configuration of an LCC connected in parallel at the ac side and in series at the dc side with an FB modular multilevel converter is outlined. The main contribution of this paper is an analysis and comparison of the mentioned hybrid configurations in terms of the capability to independently control the active (P) and reactive power (Q).
Glucosyltransferases acting on starch or sucrose for the synthesis of oligosaccharides (2002)

In this work we review the extraordinary biotechnological potential of two glycosyltransferases, cyclodextrin glucanotransferase and dextransucrase, especially their utility in the synthesis of oligosaccharides. Both enzymes are non-Leloir transferases that require neither co-factors nor activated substrates, as they directly employ the free energy of cleavage of starch and sucrose, respectively. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase is able to produce cyclodextrins from starch. In the presence of appropriate acceptors (e.g., carbohydrates), this enzyme furnishes oligosaccharides containing α(1[Formula: see text]4) bonds. Thus, we have found that glucose, maltose, and sucrose readily serve as acceptors to form the corresponding [Glc-α(1[Formula: see text]4)] n - oligosaccharides, with the degree of polymerization being controlled by the starch:acceptor ratio. The ability of other sugars and related compounds to act as acceptors is also reviewed. Dextransucrase is a glycansucrase that synthesizes dextran using sucrose as glucosyl donor. The formation of dextrans can be quantitatively replaced with the formation of novel oligosaccharides by adding alternative carbohydrate acceptors to the reaction medium. With the dextransucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-1299, we have investigated the synthesis of gluco- oligosaccharides containing α(1[Formula: see text]2) bonds using methyl 1-O-α-D-glucopyranoside as the acceptor. These products constitute a class of nondigestible nutraceutical oligosaccharides with prebiotic properties relating to the stabilization and enhancement of gastrointestinal tract flora, and are being increasingly used by the food industry.Key words: glycansucrases, cyclodextrin glucanotransferase, cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase, dextransucrase, acceptor products, gluco-oligosaccharides, malto-oligosaccharides, coupling sugar, nutraceuticals, functional foods, prebiotics.
Validity and Reliability of the Experience-Sampling Method (1987)

To understand the dynamics of mental health, it is essential to develop measures for the frequency and the patterning of mental processes in every-day-life situations. The Experience-Sampling Method (ESM) is an attempt to provide a valid instrument to describe variations in self-reports of mental processes. It can be used to obtain empirical data on the following types of variables: a) frequency and patterning of daily activity, social interaction, and changes in location; b) frequency, intensity, and patterning of psychological states, i.e., emotional, cognitive, and conative dimensions of experience; c) frequency and patterning of thoughts, including quality and intensity of thought disturbance. The article reviews practical and methodological issues of the ESM and presents evidence for its short- and long-term reliability when used as an instrument for assessing the variables outlined above. It also presents evidence for validity by showing correlation between ESM measures on the one hand and physiological measures, one-time psychological tests, and behavioral indices on the other. A number of studies with normal and clinical populations that have used the ESM are reviewed to demonstrate the range of issues to which the technique can be usefully applied.
Spatial Control of Crystal Texture by Laser DMD Process (2009)

Abstract : Turbine blades with controlled textures such as directionally solidified and single crystal structures have proven to have much improved ductility and longer thermal and fatigue life. It has been further reported that the benefits of single-crystal over conventionally cast as well as directionally solidified components critically depend on avoiding the introduction of defects, such as stray grains, freckles, or deviations from the required crystal orientation. Laser-based direct metal deposition (DMD) process equipped with proper sensors and NC devices helps in overcoming those hurdles to fabricate the blades with controlled texture. It appears that thermal control to provide uniform heat flow as well as spatial control of crystal texture by process feedback control is essential. The paper discusses about how to establish process conditions and thermal control requirements, development of a laboratory scale DMD process for spatial control of crystal texture, and mechanical properties of texture-controlled Ni-based superalloy turbine blade components.
PWM-based PPM format for dimming control in visible light communication system (2012)

We report simulation results of pulse width modulation (PWM)-based pulse position modulation (PPM) signal format for visible light communication systems. For simultaneous operation of data transmission and dimming control, PPM data format is added to PWM dimming control signal. To show dimming control, the PWM duty ratio is changed from 40 % to 80 % during PPM data transmission. The PWM frame rate is set to 1 kHz to avoid flickering in human eyes. The PPM data rate is set to 20 kb/s. The waveforms, eye diagrams and BER of this system are calculated. The simulation shows the BER of 1×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−5</sup> is achievable.
Development of a compact vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser end-pumped actively Q-switched laser for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (2016)

This paper reports the development of a compact and portable actively Q-switched Nd:YAG laser and its applications in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The laser was end-pumped by a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). The cavity lases at a wavelength of 1064 nm and produced pulses of 16 ns with a maximum pulse energy of 12.9 mJ. The laser exhibits a reliable performance in terms of pulse-to-pulse stability and timing jitter. The LIBS experiments were carried out using this laser on NIST standard alloy samples. Shot-to-shot LIBS signal stability, crater profile, time evolution of emission spectra, plasma electron density and temperature, and limits of detection were studied and reported in this paper. The test results demonstrate that the VCSEL-pumped solid-state laser is an effective and compact laser tool for laser remote sensing applications.
The effect of retinal S-antigen-specific monoclonal antibody therapy on experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) and experimental autoimmune pinealitis (EAP). (1989)

We induced an autoimmune uveitis and pinealitis in Lewis rats by inoculating them with bovine S-antigen. This type of uveitis forms a useful experimental model of human chronic intra-ocular inflammation. Induction of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) but not of experimental autoimmune pinealitis (EAP) could be prevented by the administration of S-antigen-specific monoclonal antibody simultaneously with the S-antigen. Inhibition of EAU was associated with significantly raised levels of anti-S antibodies during the first 2 weeks post-immunisation. Immunocytochemical staining for lymphocyte subsets, monocytes and macrophages showed that eyes of monoclonal antibody treated animals contained no immunocompetent inflammatory cells unless they also had clinical signs of inflammation. In contrast, the inflammatory exudate in the pineal glands of both treated and untreated animals contained equal numbers of infiltrating lymphocytes and monocytes in the same relative proportions. These results indicate that the inhibitory effect of the monoclonal antibody S2.4.C5 may be directed towards the effector arm of the immune-mediated cytotoxic response.
Optimum Band Width for Two Layer Anti-Reflection Films (1948)

To determine the reflection from a two layer anti-reflection film on glass the ideas and terminology of network analysis are introduced. Those parts of network theory to be used are briefly reviewed. This theory is shown to provide a clear physical picture of the field changes which occur with varying film parameters. It is shown that there is a relation connecting these parameters which defines an optimum design for best bandwidth. This design yields a reflection curve having two points of zero reflection and in a typical case gives less than 0.005 reflectivity over a range extending well beyond the visible spectrum at both ends. If, because of physical limitations, the optimum proves to be unattainable, then the conditions for closest approach are outlined.
Half-wave stacked patch antenna with dielectric feed (2003)

A half-wave stacked patch antenna was developed for sufficient bandwidth and cross-polarization separation for the wideband radio channel sounding. To further reduce the cross-polar level, a concept of dielectric feed was developed, which electromagnetically resembles the aperture feed. The increase of the cross-polar discrimination was 2.6 dB in the prototype.
"I Love the Feeling of Being on Stage, but I Become Greedy" (2019)

Live streaming is an emergent social medium that allows remote interaction between the streamer and an audience of any size. Major live-streaming platforms in some Asian countries have a digital gift-giving feature that allows viewers to directly reward streamers during live sessions. Streamers can later exchange the digital gifts they have received for money, and this monetary incentive appears likely to influence how they interact with their viewers and generate live-streaming content. However, the precise nature and mechanisms of such impact have not previously been explored. Therefore, this qualitative study with 13 streamer participants examines how digital gifting influences streamers' motivations and the nature of both the content that they generate and their social interactions with their audiences. It reports that the digital-gifting function serves as a major incentive for active streaming, but may also disincentivize some streamers from continuing to contribute, for reasons that will be explored. Moreover, the participants devised strategies for both content generation and social interaction with the specific objective of earning gifts from viewers: practices that, in some cases, appeared to limit the quality of their live-streaming content. It was also noted that the streamers tended to have constrained social relationships with their viewers, in part because such relationships were seen as unequal or one-sided due to gift-giving behavior. The paper concludes with a discussion of design considerations for the incorporation of gift-giving features into live-streaming platforms, and additional recommendations for future research and the design of such platforms.
Integrated optical isolator based on nonreciprocal-mode cut-off (1990)

A concept of an integrated optical isolator is presented which uses the TM(0) mode propagating perpendicular to the in-plane magnetization of a planar magnetooptical waveguide. The cut-off thickness of the waveguide depends on the propagation direction. If the magnetic film has a strong Faraday rotation and is weakly guiding, the cut-off thicknesses for forward and backward propagation differ markedly. Operating close to cut-off yields a large difference between coupling efficiencies to the waveguide for forward and backward propagation.
Knee Extension Strength Cutpoints for Maintaining Mobility (2007)

Knee extensor strength cutpoints provide objective markers to identify initially well-functioning older adults at high and low risk of future mobility limitation.
Semi-interpenetrating Polymer Networks Composed of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) and Castor Oil (1994)

Semi-interpenetrating networks (semi-IPNs) have been produced from castor oil and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) by a synthetic method that involves bond interchange reactions that form partial miscible copolymers. Based on the energy absorbed during tensile fracture, the composition that contains 50 wt% PET has over 10 times greater toughness than the constituent PET. The crystallization kinetics of PET were enhanced by the presence of castor oil, both in cooling from the melt state and heating from the quenched glassy state. In conjunction with the chemical nucleating agent (sodium benzoate), PET compositions were even further enhanced in terms of their crystallization characteristics. Semi-IPNs with up to 30 wt% castor oil polyurethane displayed a higher fraction of PET crystallinity than neat PET, but had a lower melting temperature. Greater amounts of castor oil in these semi-IPNs significantly disrupted PET crystallinity and resulted in lower and broader melting and crystallization transitions and overall loss in crystallinity.
Multiplexed (18-Plex) Measurement of Signaling Targets and Cytotoxic T Cells in Trastuzumab-Treated Patients using Imaging Mass Cytometry (2019)

The proximity of CD8 cells as a function of the expression of the ECD of HER2 provides further evidence for the role of the immune system in the mechanism of action of trastuzumab.
A whisker tracing sensor with 5 μm sensitivity (2002)

This paper discusses a whisker sensor composed of a flexible beam anchored at the base with torque sensor, and an actuator for moving it. We consider a sufficient condition for detecting the surface shape by using a whisker sensor. We show that a straight-lined whisker sensor with one axis torque sensor can achieve the requirement irrespective of contact friction, while a curved whisker can not do it. We experimentally show that a straight-lined whisker sensor can detect the surface irregularity with pretty high sensitivity (/spl les/5 /spl mu/m), even under different contact frictions.