gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The immunomodulatory effect of laminaran [β(1,3)‐D‐glucan] on Atlantic salmon, <i>Salmo salar</i> L., anterior kidney leucocytes after intraperitoneal, peroral and peranal administration (1996)

Abstract Anterior kidney leucocytes obtained from Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., 2 days after administration of laminaran, were assayed for their capacity to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium to formazan, and for their activity of lysosomal acid phosphatase after intraperitoneal (15 mgkg −1 ), peroral (150 mg kg −1 ) or peranal (150 mg kg −1 ) administration. Leucocytes obtained from salmon treated by an intraperitoneal injection of laminaran produced significantly more superoxide anion than cells obtained from fish treated with dextran or sodium chloride immediately after cell isolation. Immediately after extraction, the activity of acid phosphatase in anterior kidney leucocytes obtained from salmon injected with laminaran was significantly higher than in cells harvested from fish treated with dextran or sodium chloride. Furthermore, cells obtained from salmon treated by peroral instillation of laminaran showed significantly enhanced production of superoxide anion compared with leucocytes from fish treated with either sodium chloride or dextran. The acid phosphatase activity in anterior kidney leucocytes from salmon treated by peroral and peranal instillation of laminaran was significantly higher than in cells from fish treated either with sodium chloride or dextran. Finally, fluorescence microscopic examination of tissue sections from fish treated peranally by intubation with fluorescein labelled laminaran revealed fluorescent vesicles in intestinal epithelial cells and in anterior kidney macrophages.
Large jobs for little devices [microelectromechanical systems] (2001)

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) may become key components of radio frequency devices, particularly in the mobile marketplace. In filters, they may lower radio size and power consumption while increasing sensitivity. In switches, they could herald the construction of cheaper, electronically steerable antennas for radar and communications applications. MEMS are electromechanical devices with tiny moving parts. They can be built using IC-compatible materials, such as polysilicon, allowing their integration on a silicon chip, side-by-side with semiconductor circuits. Experimental filters are now reaching hundreds of megahertz, and operation up in the gigahertz ranges needed for most wireless and some satellite communications should be feasible. Their ability to kill several birds with one stone is making them very attractive to researchers and developers.
External torque sensing algorithm for flexible-joint robot based on disturbance observer structure (2014)

Since a flexible-joint robot (FJR) consists of two subsystems centered around joint-torque (J-T) sensors, there are two independent resultant torques, i.e., an actuating motor torque and an external link torque, applied to the system. In this paper, an external torque sensing algorithm for the FJR is proposed to estimate both torques simultaneously by using the disturbance observing property of the disturbance observer (DOB). The proposed algorithm has no restriction of selecting Q-filter such that a high-performance low-pass filter can be applied for accurate estimation. The estimated torques can be very useful for FJR applications. As an illustrative example, the estimated actuating motor torque containing the motor disturbance is utilized to the motor disturbance compensation of the FJR with modified Q-filter due to the compensation feedback loop. The basic structure of the proposed algorithm is illustrated, and the performance is verified though a custom-designed experimental testbed for a vertical configuration with a gravitational load.
Photocatalytic Transformation of 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol on TiO<sub>2</sub> under Sub-Band-Gap Illumination (2003)

The adsorptive behavior of TiO2 under various illumination conditions was investigated. In the dark, Degussa P25, which contains both the anatase and rutile phases of TiO2, adsorbed significantly greater amounts of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (TCP) than either pure anatase or pure rutile. Results in the literature and in our laboratory that appeared to indicate “photoenhanced adsorption” under ambient fluorescent lighting on P25 and anatase are in fact due to the photoreaction of TCP. On pure-phase anatase, all reactions are due to trace ultra-band-gap energy light present in the fluorescent lighting. On P25, however, reaction also occurs at sub-band-gap energies. TCP forms a charge-transfer complex with P25 that is activated by light wavelengths as long as 520 nm. The trichlorophenoxyl radicals resulting from charge-transfer couple with each other to form a suite of polyaromatic chlorinated products with detected masses as high as 1200 D. These products are not formed under UV irradiation and in fact are destroyed by conventional UV photocatalysis. No reaction occurs on pure-phase anatase or rutile as a consequence of irradiation with sub-band-gap light. Carbon mass balance was closed for all catalysts under all lighting conditions. Our results show that the wavelength of light is an important factor in determining products on P25. This knowledge can be used to avoid charge-transfer complex activation when the resulting products are undesirable. Alternatively, charge-transfer complexes on P25 may be exploitable for polymer syntheses. The differences between surface reactions on P25 and those on pure-phase TiO2 may be explained in terms of the morphology of Degussa P25, wherein anatase−rutile interfaces give rise to active sites.
Infrared spectra and dimer structure of reduced viologen compounds (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfrared spectra and dimer structure of reduced viologen compoundsM. Ito, H. Sasaki, and M. TakahashiCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 15, 3932–3934Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100299a002https://doi.org/10.1021/j100299a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views428Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Regulation of growth region cartilage proliferation and differentiation by perichondrium (1998)

Endochondral bone formation in vertebrates requires precise coordination between proliferation and differentiation of the participating chondrocytes. We examined the role of perichondrium in this process using an organ culture system of chicken embryonic tibiotarsi. A monoclonal antibody against chicken collagen type X, specifically expressed by hypertrophic chondrocytes, was utilized to monitor the terminal differentiation of chondrocytes. Proliferation of chondrocytes was examined by a BrdU-labeling procedure. The absence of perichondrium is correlated with an extended zone of cartilage expressing collagen type X, suggesting that the perichondrium regulates chondrocyte hypertrophy in a negative manner. Removal of perichondrium, in addition, resulted in an extended zone of chondrocytes incorporating BrdU, indicating that the perichondrium also negatively regulates the proliferation of chondrocytes. Partial removal of perichondrium from one side of the tibiotarsus led to expansion of both the collagen type X-positive domain and the BrdU-positive zone at the site of removal but not where the perichondrium remained intact. This suggests that both types of regulation by the perichondrium are local effects. Furthermore, addition of bovine parathyroid hormone (PTH) to perichondrium-free cultures reversed the expansion of the collagen type X-positive domain but not that of the proliferative zone. This suggests that the regulation of differentiation is dependent upon the PTH/PTHrP receptor and that the regulation of proliferation is likely independent of it. Taken together, these results are consistent with a model where perichondrium regulates both the exit of chondrocytes from the cell cycle, and their subsequent differentiation.
Abstracts of Bell System Technical Papers Not Published in This Journal (1951)

The method of effective mass, extended to apply to gradual shifts in energy band s resulting from deformations of th e crystal lattice, is used to estimate the interact ion between electrons of thermal energy and the acoustical modes of vibration. The mobili ties of electrons and holes are thus relat ed to the shifts of the conduct ion and va lence-bond (filled) hands, respectively, associated with dilations of longitudinal waves. The theory is checked by comparison of the sum of the shifts of the conduction and valence-bond bands, as derived from the mobilities, with the shift of the energy gap with dilation. The latter is obtained independently for silicon, germanium and tellurium from one or more of the followin g: (1) the change in intrinsic conductivity with pressure, (2) the change in resistance of an n-p junction with pressure, and (3) the variation of intrinsic concentration with temperature and the thermal expansion coefficient. Higher mobilities of elec trons and holes in germanium as compared with silicon are correlated with a smaller shift of energy gap with dilation.
State-of-charge indication in portable applications (2005)

The known methods of state-of-charge (SoC) indication in portable applications are not accurate enough under all practical conditions. The method presented in this paper aims at designing and testing an SoC indication system capable of predicting the remaining capacity of the battery and the remaining run-time with an accuracy of 1 minute or better under all realistic user conditions, including a wide variety of load currents and a wide temperature range. The basis of the proposed algorithm is current measurement and integration during charge and discharge state and voltage measurement during equilibrium state. One of the main problems in designing an accurate SoC indication system is aging of the battery. A simple method of adapting the maximum battery capacity used in the system with the aging effects is presented in this paper. A first set of experimental results shows the effectiveness of our novel approach for improving the accuracy of the SoC indication.
Recent advances in the treatment of HIV/AIDS (2004)

In industrialized countries, highly active antiretroviral therapy has resulted in significant reductions in morbidity and mortality in patients with HIV/AIDS. At the same time, the management of the HIV-infected individual has become exceedingly complex due to the increasing number of antiretroviral medications and resistance to them. New medications are needed that are effective against the drug-resistant virus. The key advances in the management of HIV/AIDS as seen through the eyes of a front-line HIV physician who has been actively involved in patient care, clinical drug trials and as an educator for the past 15 years will be discussed.
Psychosocial impact of urinary incontinence in women. (1987)

This study explored the psychosocial impact of urinary incontinence and investigated its relationship to urodynamic diagnosis and degree of involuntary urine loss. The sample comprised 69 community-dwelling women, ages 55 years and older, who were ambulatory and mentally intact, and who had volunteered in a clinical trial on incontinence. Psychosocial impact was measured by an investigator-designed instrument, the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire. Urodynamic evaluation included detrusor and urethral sphincteric function tests. Subjects were grouped into two urodynamic diagnostic categories: sphincteric incompetence (N = 47) and detrusor instability with or without concomitant sphincteric incompetence (N = 22). Severity of incontinence was determined by a one-week urinary diary and a fluid loss quantitation test. Each of the items on the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire was affected by urinary incontinence, although to varying degrees. Activities involving unfamiliar places where the availability of restrooms was unknown were most affected. Subjects with detrusor instability with or without concomitant sphincteric incompetence reported significantly higher impact than subjects with sphincteric incompetence alone. There were modest correlations between psychosocial impact scores and both the number of weekly incontinent episodes and the quantitation of fluid loss. The results in this study population indicate that the relationships between the perceived impact of incontinence and objective measures of its severity are complex and not directly proportionate.
Wired (1998)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVEditorialNEXTWiredMADELEINE JACOBSCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1998, 76, 20, 3Publication Date (Print):May 18, 1998Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 18 May 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v076n020.p003https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v076n020.p003editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views76Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (671 KB) Get e-Alerts
Measurement of Thermophysical Properties at High Temperatures for Liquid, Semisolid, and Solid Commercial Alloys (2010)

Abstract The measurement of thermophysical properties of metal alloys, especially at high temperatures, is difficult because of the reactivity of some alloys. This article reviews the methods available for measurement of thermal and other physical properties for liquid, semi-solid, and solid commercial alloys, including adiabatic calorimetry, modulated calorimetry, Calvet calorimetry, single-pan calorimetry, and drop calorimetry. It describes differential scanning calorimetry and differential temperature analysis for measuring transition temperatures such as phase transformation or glass transition temperatures. The article schematically illustrates the laser flash apparatus for measuring the thermal diffusivity of solids and oscillation viscometer for measurements of the viscosity of metals. A summary of the measurement methods is presented in tables.
The expression of DJ-1 (PARK7) in normal human CNS and idiopathic Parkinson's disease (2004)

Two mutations in the DJ-1 gene on chromosome1p36 have been identified recently to cause early-onset, autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease. As no information is available regarding the distribution of DJ-1 protein in the human brain, in this study we used a monoclonal antibody for DJ-1 to map its distribution in frontal cortex and substantia nigra, regions invariably involved in Parkinson's disease. Western blotting of human frontal cortex showed DJ-1 to be an abundant protein in control, idiopathic Parkinson's disease, cases with clinical and pathological phenotypes of Parkinson's disease with R98Q polymorphism for DJ-1, and in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) brains. We also showed that DJ-1 immunoreactivity (IR) was particularly prominent in astrocytes and astrocytic processes in both control and Parkinson's disease frontal cortex, whereas neurons showed light or no DJ-1 IR. Only occasional Lewy bodies (LBs), the pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease, showed faint DJ-1 IR, localized to the outer halo. In preclinical studies we showed that DJ-1 is expressed in primary hippocampal and astrocyte cultures of mouse brain. By 2D gel analysis we also showed multiple pI isoforms for DJ-1 ranging between 5.5-6.6 in both control and Parkinson's disease brains, whilst exposure of M17 cells to the oxidizing agent paraquat was manifested as a shift in pI of endogenous DJ-1 towards more acidic isoforms. We conclude that DJ-1 is not an essential component of LBs and Lewy neurites, is expressed mainly by astrocytes in human brain tissue and is sensitive to oxidative stress conditions. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that neuronal-glial interactions are important in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease.
448. Some benziminazole derivatives (1952)

B. N. Feitelson, P. Mamalis, R. J. Moualim, V. Petrow, O. Stephenson and B. Sturgeon, J. Chem. Soc., 1952, 2389 DOI: 10.1039/JR9520002389
Refresh-free dynamic standard-cell based memories: Application to a QC-LDPC decoder (2015)

The area and power consumption of low-density parity check (LDPC) decoders are typically dominated by embedded memories. To alleviate such high memory costs, this paper exploits the fact that all internal memories of a LDPC decoder are frequently updated with new data. These unique memory access statistics are taken advantage of by replacing all static standard-cell based memories (SCMs) of a prior-art LDPC decoder implementation by dynamic SCMs (D-SCMs), which are designed to retain data just long enough to guarantee reliable operation. The use of D-SCMs leads to a 44% reduction in silicon area of the LDPC decoder compared to the use of static SCMs. The low-power LDPC decoder architecture with refresh-free D-SCMs was implemented in a 90nm CMOS process, and silicon measurements show full functionality and an information bit throughput of up to 600 Mbps (as required by the IEEE 802.11n standard).
Ribosomal protein P0, contrary to phosphoproteins P1 and P2, is required for ribosome activity and Saccharomyces cerevisiae viability. (1994)

Protein P0 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is found only in the ribosomes and not free in a cytoplasmic pool like the structurally related acidic P1 and P2 proteins. Analogously, P0 stays bound to the particles in conditions that release the other P proteins. Attempts to obtain yeast strains carrying an interrupted P0 gene by direct gene disruption techniques of different yeast strains always resulted in haploid cells carrying one disrupted and one intact copy of the gene. Disruption of the unique P0 genomic copy seems to induce a duplication and occasionally a chromosomal transposition of the gene. Conditional null mutants of P0 were then constructed carrying the P0 gene under the control of the inducible GAL1 promoter. A 2-3-fold excess of P0 mRNA is found in the conditional mutant when grown in galactose; however, only a small increase of the P0 protein is detected in total cell extracts. No P0 protein is detected in the cell supernatant, indicating that, like the standard ribosomal proteins and opposite to the other P proteins, the protein not bound to the ribosomes is degraded. Transfer of the mutants to the restrictive conditions causes, after some generations, a growth stop that finally leads to cell death. The growth decline is paralleled by a reduction in the polysome number and the appearance of half-mer particles as well as by an accumulation of 60 S particles deficient in P0 and in the acidic proteins P1 and P2. These results indicate that P0 is required for the interaction of the acidic P1 and P2 proteins with the ribosomes, and in its absence, deficient 60 S ribosomes are assembled which are inactive in protein synthesis resulting in cell lethality.
172. Aromatic polyfluoro-compounds. Part VII. The reaction of pentafluoronitrobenzene with ammonia (1961)

G. M. Brooke, J. Burdon and J. C. Tatlow, J. Chem. Soc., 1961, 802 DOI: 10.1039/JR9610000802
Annealing of implantation damage in integrated-circuit devices using an incoherent light source (1982)

A stationary large-diameter incoherent light beam has been used to anneal ion-implantation damage (75As:185 keV, 1×1016 cm−2) in an array of n+-p junction diodes fabricated on 3 in. Si (100) wafers. The best diodes produced in this way had device characteristics comparable to those of furnace-annealed diodes (∠0.5;1 nA/cm2 leakage current at 5 V reverse bias). The variation of reverse leakage current across a 3 in. wafer (∠0.5–20 nA/cm2) was much greater than for furnace-annealed diodes and may be caused by nonuniformities in the incoherent light beam. Tests on MOS capacitors showed that when incoherent light annealing was performed with the sample in moderate vacuum (≲10−2 Torr), damage introduced at the Si–SiO2 interface was negligible.
Using an ER query and update interface for rapid prototyping of hypertext systems (2002)

The author discusses a method for rapid prototyping of hypertext systems using an entity-relationship (ER) query and update interface. Prototyping of a hypertext system for literate programming is shown as an example. The approach is based on utilizing a relational database management system as a major component of the prototyped system. An ER query and update interface is described. Such an interface allows an interactive manipulation of ER database schemas. Sample interactions between a user and the system are given. During the process of manipulation of ER diagrams the information needed to generate an equivalent SQL query is accumulated. A hypertext system for literature programming is described, and the architecture of a prototype system is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Two E‐rosette‐forming lymphoid cell lines (1978)

Two E-rosette (spontaneous rosette with sheep red blood cells)-forming lymphoid cell lines were established. One (HPB-ALL) was derived from a young male Japanese patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and the other (HPB-MLT) was from a 62-year-old female Japanese patient with a leukemic T-lymphoid malignancy. Formation of E rosettes, absence of any immunoglobulin determinants, absence of EBNA (Epstein-Barr virus associated nuclear antigen) and very limited stimulating ability in mixed lymphocyte culture, were characteristics mostly identical with those of so far established T-cell-derived lymphoid cell lines, MOLT, CCRF-CEM, CCRF-HS-B2, RPMI-8402 and JM. Only HPB-MLT, however, has been derived from an aged patient with T-lymphoid malignancy.
Production of Metallo-Carbohedrenes in the Solid State (1993)

Macroscopic quantities of the metallo-carbohedrenes TI(8)C(12) and V(8)C(12) have been synthesized with an arc discharge technique. Mass spectroscopy of raw soot samples generated in both an alternating and direct current arc between two metal-graphite powder composite electrodes establishes that the titanium and vanadium analogs of the metallo-carbohedrenes have been produced. An estimated yield of approximately 1 percent is obtained, and significantly, the products are stable in air.