gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A “Holey” Supramolecular Approach to the Detection of Enzyme Activity (2003)

Roll out the barrel: Transmembrane channels can be made to act as a component of a sensor if control of transport across a membrane can be linked to a separate chemical process occurring in the system. A new high-throughput fluorometric method for monitoring enzyme activity that employs selective blocking (see figure) and unblocking of synthetic peptidic channels has been developed. The channels consist of β-barrels constructed from a rigid octiphenyl stave to which short peptide chains are attached. By changing their amino acid residues, it is possible to tune the barrel's solubility and transport ability.
Postinfection therapy of arbovirus infections in mice (1989)

Most antiviral agents are efficacious prophylactically in vivo, and a few are efficacious for postinfection (p.i.) therapy. To explore possibilities for p.i. therapy of encephalogenic Banzi virus (BZV) and Semliki Forest virus infections in mice, we evaluated candidate antiviral therapies after development of the first clinical signs of infection. The earliest clinical indication of BZV viremia in mice is a rise in core body temperature beginning on day 3 p.i. BZV-infected mice showing elevated core body temperatures (greater than or equal to 37.3 degrees C) on days 3 and 4 p.i. were treated intraperitoneally with the interferon inducer poly(ICLC) (80 micrograms per mouse) and/or specific antiserum. Combined therapy on day 3 of a BZV infection protected over 75% of mice showing clinical evidence of viral disease before treatment. Protection against early brain infection must occur on day 4 p.i., since by that day BZV has started multiplying in the brains of the mice. Significant protection occurred with antiserum alone and increased with poly(ICLC). Similar protection was obtained during Semliki Forest virus viremia, but this infection is so rapid that the first clinical signs are reliably detectable only after viremia.
The Action of Ferricyanide on Sulphur-Sensitized Emulsions (1959)

It is shown that sulphur-sensitized emulsions may be fogged or desensitized by ferricyanide, according to the concentration, provided that a sufficient supply of silver ions is made available. The distinction previously drawn betwsen this form of sensitization and silver-sensitization on the basis of response to ferricyanide is thus weakened.(7) It is suggested that silver ions are adsorbed to sensitizing substance and promote adsorption of ferricyanide. Some results on the absorption of ferricyanide to unsensitized emulsion grains at various pAg levels are given. Slight effects can also be produced in unsensitized emulsions, pointing to the presence of foreign centres created during physical ripening. A small part of the sensitivity created by digestion, which resists the action of ferricyanide, is attributed to etching by the sensitizer. The amount of ferricyanide required to desensitize an emulsion at low pAg is slightly greater than that needed for latent image destruction. The response of digested emulsion to small amounts of ferricyanide (production of fog) would probably enable a very sensitive test for the latter to be worked out. In gensral, a parallel between the action of light and ferricyanide is noted.
Snaptric, smart group photo editing (2017)

The Snaptric app uses a new hi-tech seam technique enabling users to effortless replace faces in their selfies or group photos. It does not simply replace the face but makes a nice seam through the original and replacement photos so that the new face blends seamlessly with the background. The ultralight UI, a slider showing the replacement-faces, allows users to preview their result in real time, without hassle with layers and traditional Photo-editor procedures.
Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Silica Nanoparticles as a Nitric Oxide Delivery Scaffold (2020)

The preparation and characterization of nitric oxide (NO)-releasing silica particles formed following the synthesis of N-diazeniumdiolate-modified aminoalkoxysilanes are reported. Briefly, an aminoalkoxysilane solution was prepared by dissolving an appropriate amount of aminoalkoxysilane in a mixture of ethanol, methanol, and sodium methoxide (NaOMe) base. The silane solution was reacted with NO (5 atm) to form N-diazeniumdiolate NO donor moieties on the amino-alkoxysilanes. Tetraethoxy- or tetramethoxysilane (TEOS or TMOS) was then mixed with different ratios of N-diazeniumdiolate-modified aminoalkoxysilane (10 – 75 mol%, balance TEOS or TMOS). Finally, the silane mixture was added into ethanol in the presence of an ammonia catalyst to form NO donor silica nanoparticles via a sol–gel process. This synthetic approach allows for the preparation of NO delivery silica scaffolds with remarkably improved NO storage and release properties, surpassing all macromolecular NO donor systems reported to date with respect to NO payload (11.26μmol·mg−1), maximum NO release amount (357000 ppb·mg−1), NO release half-life (253 min), and NO release duration (101 h). The N-diazeniumdiolate-modified silane monomers and the resulting silica nanoparticles were characterized by 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, chemiluminescence, atomic force microscopy (AFM), gas adsorption-desorption isotherms, and elemental analysis.
Organ colonization pattern of retinoic acid-treated and -untreated mouse embryonal carcinoma F9 cells. (1987)

The mouse embryonal carcinoma cell line F9 differentiates into parietal endoderm cells after a 3-day exposure to retinoic acid and dibutyryl cyclic AMP. Using the experimental metastases assay, we investigated the organ colonization properties of RA-treated and -untreated populations of F9 cells. The results show that untreated F9 cells colonize the liver with a high degree of specificity while the treated populations colonize the lungs. Cells derived from a lung colony colonized only the liver unless they were treated with RA. However, removal of the inducer from culture of differentiated cells did not cause reversal of the lung colonization potential. Our observations also indicate that it is unlikely that lung colonization is due to cell aggregation or to interaction between differentiated and undifferentiated cells. Taken together, these results suggest that RA induces the observed changes of organ colonization properties of F9 cells.
The biosynthesis, processing, and secretion of laminin by human choriocarcinoma cells. (1985)

Laminin, a glycoprotein component of basal laminae, is synthesized and secreted in culture by a human malignant cell line (JAR) derived from gestational choriocarcinoma. Biosynthetically labeled human laminin subunits A (Mr approximately 400,000) and B (Mr = 200,000 doublet) are glycoslyated with asparagine-linked high mannose oligosaccharides that are processed to complex oligosaccharides before the laminin molecule is externalized by the cell. The rate-limiting step in the processing of the asparagine-linked glycans of laminin is at the point of action of alpha-mannosidase I since the principal laminin forms that accumulate in JAR cells contain Man9GlcNAc2 and Man8GlcNAc2 oligosaccharide units. The combination of subunits to form the disulfide-linked laminin molecule (Mr approximately 950,000) occurs rapidly within the cell at a time when the subunits contain these high mannose oligosaccharides. The production of laminin is limited by the availability of the A subunit such that excess B subunit forms accumulate intracellularly as uncombined B and a disulfide-linked B dimer. Pulse-chase kinetic studies establish these B forms as intermediates in the assembly of the laminin molecule. The fully assembled laminin undergoes further oligosaccharide processing and translocation to the cell surface, but uncombined B and B dimer are neither processed nor secreted to any significant extent. Therefore, laminin subunit combination appears to be a prerequisite for intracellular translocation, processing, and secretion. The mature laminin that contains complex oligosaccharides does not accumulate intracellularly but is rapidly externalized upon completion, either secreted into the culture medium (25%) or associated with the cell surface (75%) as determined by susceptibility to degradation by trypsin. About one-third of the laminin molecules secreted or shed by JAR cells into the chase medium contain a smaller A subunit form that appears to have been modified by limited proteolytic cleavage. The putative proteolytic event is closely timed to the release of the laminin into the culture medium.
Serological analysis of cell surface antigens of null cell acute lymphocytic leukemia by mouse monoclonal antibodies. (1982)

Nine antigens systems were defined. Two were related to HLA-A,B,C and to Ia-like antigens; the others could be grouped into three categories. (i) NL-22, NL-1: NL-22 antibody reacted with leukemia cells from 12 to 16 cases of null cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (null-ALL) but not with any other type of leukemia tested or with lymphoid cells of various origins. Among cultured cell lines tested, one (NALM-6) of three null-ALL cell lines was positive, the others were negative. Absorption analysis confirmed the restriction of NL-22 antigen to null-ALL. NL-1 antibody was reactive with leukemia cells from 10 to 16 cases of null-ALL and 3 of 6 cases of chronic myelocytic leukemia in blastic crisis (CML-BC). The antigen was present also on a minor population of normal lymphoid cells. The distribution and molecular weight (100,000; glycoprotein) of the NL-1 antigen resembled that of the previously described common ALL antigen (cALL). (ii) NL-30, NL-4: Both antibodies exhibited almost identical patterns of reactivities against cultured cell lines tested. They reacted with leukemia cells from some cases of null-ALL, adult T-cell leukemia, and CML-BC, although they showed discordance in their reactivities against a panel of leukemia cells, (iii) NL-9, NL-8, NL-25: These three antibodies detect serologically distinguishable determinants on a broad range of leukemias and normal lymphoid and hematopoietic cell types. The antibodies analyzed in this study provide evidence for the heterogeneity of null-ALL by demonstrating a variety of antigen phenotypes on leukemia cells. One of the antigens (NL-22) appears to be restricted to null-ALL.
EMI shielding: Methods and materials—A review (2009)

Abstract The growth in the application of electronic devices across a broad spectrum of military, industrial, commercial and consumer sectors has created a new form of pollution known as noise or radio frequency interference (RFI) or electromagnetic radiation or electromagnetic interference (EMI) that can cause interference or malfunctioning of equipment. Therefore, there is a greater need for the effective shielding of components from its adverse effects. This review surveys the shielding materials like metals, conducting plastics and conducting polymers for the control of electromagnetic radiations. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
X-ray Structure of Two Crystalline Forms of aStreptomycete Ribonuclease with Cytotoxic Activity (2002)

Ribonuclease (RNase) Sa3 is secreted by the Gram-positive bacterium Streptomyces aureofaciens. The enzyme catalyzes the cleavage of RNA on the 3' side of guanosine residues. Here, x-ray diffraction analysis was used to determine the three-dimensional structure of two distinct crystalline forms of RNase Sa3 to a resolution of 2.0 and 1.7 A. These two structures are similar to each other as well as to that of a homolog, RNase Sa. All of the key active-site residues of RNase Sa (Asn(42), Glu(44), Glu(57), Arg(72), and His(88)) are located in the putative active site of RNase Sa3. Also herein, RNase Sa3 is shown to be toxic to human erythroleukemia cells in culture. Like onconase, which is an amphibian ribonuclease in Phase III clinical trials as a cancer chemotherapeutic, RNase Sa3 is not inhibited by the cytosolic ribonuclease inhibitor protein. Thus, a prokaryotic ribonuclease can be toxic to mammalian cells.
Fast Generation for Convolutional Autoregressive Models (2017)

Convolutional autoregressive models have recently demonstrated state-of-the-art performance on a number of generation tasks. While fast, parallel training methods have been crucial for their success, generation is typically implemented in a naïve fashion where redundant computations are unnecessarily repeated. This results in slow generation, making such models infeasible for production environments. In this work, we describe a method to speed up generation in convolutional autoregressive models. The key idea is to cache hidden states to avoid redundant computation. We apply our fast generation method to the Wavenet and PixelCNN++ models and achieve up to $21\times$ and $183\times$ speedups respectively.
Low-complexity linear demosaicing using joint spatial-chromatic image statistics (2005)

We present an efficient linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) method for reconstructing full color images from single sensor color filter array (CFA) data. We use a representative set of full color images to estimate the joint spatial-chromatic covariance among pixel color components. Then, we derive from it a set of joint color-space, small linear kernels which predict the missing color samples as linear combinations of their neighbor observed samples. The color arrangement of the local mosaic varies with the window's location, and this results into a different predictor for every local mosaic and color sample. As an extension, we include blur and noise in the training process, obtaining localized mosaic-constrained Wiener estimators that partially compensate for these degradations. We show that this simple method provides an excellent trade-off between performance and computational cost.
ZNF265—a novel spliceosomal protein able to induce alternative splicing (2001)

The formation of the active spliceosome, its recruitment to active areas of transcription, and its role in pre-mRNA splicing depends on the association of a number of multifunctional serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins. ZNF265 is an arginine/serine-rich (RS) domain containing zinc finger protein with conserved pre-mRNA splicing protein motifs. Here we show that ZNF265 immunoprecipitates from splicing extracts in association with mRNA, and that it is able to alter splicing patterns of Tra2-beta1 transcripts in a dose-dependent manner in HEK 293 cells. Yeast two-hybrid analysis and immunoprecipitation indicated interaction of ZNF265 with the essential splicing factor proteins U1-70K and U2AF(35). Confocal microscopy demonstrated colocalization of ZNF265 with the motor neuron gene product SMN, the snRNP protein U1-70K, the SR protein SC35, and with the transcriptosomal components p300 and YY1. Transfection of HT-1080 cells with ZNF265-EGFP fusion constructs showed that nuclear localization of ZNF265 required the RS domain. Alignment with other RS domain-containing proteins revealed a high degree of SR dipeptide conservation. These data show that ZNF265 functions as a novel component of the mRNA processing machinery.
Electrochromic Modulation of Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer:  The New Principle in Design of Fluorescence Sensors (2002)

Internal Stark effect (or internal electrochromy) consists of the shift of light absorption and emission bands under the influence of electric field produced by proximal charges. In the studies of 3-hydroxyflavone (3HF) derivatives exhibiting the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), we describe a new phenomenon - a very strong internal electrochromic modulation of this reaction. Fluorescence spectra of 3HF derivatives with charged groups attached to the chromophore from the opposite sides without pi-electronic conjugation, N-[(4'-diethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-flavonyl]methyl-N,N-dimethyloctylammonium bromide and 4-[4-[4'-(3-hydroxyflavonyl)]piperazino]-1-(3-sulfopropyl)pyridinium, were compared with those of their neutral analogues in a series of representative solvents. The introduction of the proximal charge results in shifts of absorption spectrum and of both normal (N) and tautomer (T) emission bands, which correspond to initial and phototautomer states of the ESIPT reaction. The observed shifts are in accordance with the Stark effect theory. The direction of the shift depends on the position of the proximal charge with respect to the chromophore. The magnitude of the shift depends strongly on the solvent dielectric constant and on screening or unscreening produced by addition of the hydrophobic salts. In all of these cases, the spectral shifts are accompanied by extremely strong variations of relative intensities of N and T emission bands. This signifies a strong influence of internal electric field on the ESIPT reaction, which produces a dramatic change of emission color. Thus, the coupling of the initial electrochromic sensory signal with the ESIPT reaction allows for the breaking of the limit in magnitude of response inherent to common electrochromic dyes. This suggests a new principle of designing the ultrasensitive electrochromic two-wavelength fluorescence sensors and probes for analytical chemistry, macromolecular science, and cellular biology.
Heteroepitaxy and characterization of Ge-rich SiGe alloys on GaAs (1991)

Growth of SiGe alloys on GaAs substrates at temperatures as low as 590 °C is described. The growth has been accomplished using the pyrolysis of disilane (Si2H6) and germane (GeH4) at such temperatures. The layers were characterized electrically and show n-type conduction with carrier concentrations of ∼1×1018 cm−3. The high quality of the SiGe layers is evident in the Rutherford-backscattering/channeling results on SiGe/GaAs structures. A χmin of 5.6% has been obtained for a Si0.05Ge0.95 layer on GaAs. χmin increases with increasing silicon content in the SiGe layers. The SiGe alloy layers were also studied by x-ray diffraction, and the composition was determined assuming coherent, tetragonally distorted growth of SiGe on GaAs. The distortion calculations, based on theoretical elastic constants, were confirmed using Auger electron spectroscopy to determine alloy composition.
Parallel programming with data driven model (2002)

In this paper, bye present a new powerful method for parallel program representation called Data Driven Graph (DDG). DDG takes all advantages of classical Directed Acyclic graph (DAC) and adds much more. Simple definition, flexibility and ability to represent loops and dynamically created tasks. With DDG, scheduling becomes an efficient tool for increasing performance of parallel systems. DDG is not only a parallel program model, it also initiates a new parallel programming style, allows programmer to write a parallel program with minimal difficulty. We also present our parallel program development tool with support for DDG and scheduling.
The biological and biomechanical effects of irradiation on anterior spinal bone grafts in a canine model. (1994)

We evaluated the effects of irradiation on the healing of anterior vertebral strut grafts with use of a canine model. Through a left thoracotomy, a partial corpectomy of the seventh thoracic vertebra and autogenous iliac strut-grafting from the sixth to the eighth thoracic levels were performed in twenty-two adult beagles. Four groups were established: Group I (control) received no irradiation, Group II received preoperative irradiation, Group III received postoperative irradiation that began on the third postoperative day, and Group IV received postoperative irradiation that began on the twenty-first postoperative day. The irradiation protocol was five treatments of 500 centigray three times a week for a total of 2500 centigray. Fluorochromes were administered at regular intervals postoperatively. The beagles were killed three months postoperatively, and non-destructive biomechanical testing was done to evaluate the stiffness of the construct. The quality of healing at the junctions of the graft with the sixth and eighth thoracic vertebrae, the degree of revascularization of the graft, and the amount of new-bone formation were evaluated histologically. Statistical evaluation of the biomechanical data revealed no significant difference in the stiffness of the construct between Groups I, II, and IV. The specimens from Group III were significantly less stiff than those from Group I (the control group) in torsion (p = 0.03) and left lateral bending (p = 0.04) and than those from Group II in flexion (p = 0.02) and left lateral bending (p = 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Purification and characterization of two secreted purple acid phosphatase isozymes from phosphate‐starved tomato (<i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i>) cell cultures (2002)

Two secreted acid phosphatases (SAP1 and SAP2) were markedly up-regulated during Pi-starvation of tomato suspension cells. SAP1 and SAP2 were resolved during cation-exchange FPLC of culture media proteins from 8-day-old Pi-starved cells, and purified to homogeneity and final p-nitrophenylphosphate hydrolyzing specific activities of 246 and 940 micro mol Pi produced.min-1 mg.protein-1, respectively. SDS/PAGE, periodic acid-Schiff staining and analytical gel filtration demonstrated that SAP1 and SAP2, respectively, exist as 84 and 57 kDa glycosylated monomers. SAP1 and SAP2 are purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) as they displayed an absorption maximum at 518 and 538 nm, respectively, and were not inhibited by l-tartrate. The respective sequence of a SAP1 and SAP2 tryptic peptide was very similar to a portion of the deduced sequence of several putative Arabidopsis thaliana PAPs. CNBr peptide mapping indicated that SAP1 and SAP2 are structurally distinct. Both isozymes displayed a pH optimum of approximately pH 5.3 and were heat stable. Although they exhibited wide substrate specificities, the Vmax of SAP2 with various phosphate-esters was significantly greater than that of SAP1. SAP1 and SAP2 were activated by up to 80% by 5 mm Mg2+, and demonstrated potent competitive inhibition by molybdate, but mixed and competitive inhibition by Pi, respectively. Interestingly, both SAPs exhibited significant peroxidase activity, which was optimal at approximately pH 8.4 and insensitive to Mg2+ or molybdate. This suggests that SAP1 and SAP2 may be multifunctional proteins that operate: (a) PAPs that scavenge Pi from extracellular phosphate-esters during Pi deprivation, or (b) alkaline peroxidases that participate in the production of extracellular reactive oxygen species during the oxidative burst associated with the defense response of plants to pathogen infection.
Common Receptor for <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Toxins Cry1Ac, Cry1Fa, and Cry1Ja in <i>Helicoverpa armigera</i> , <i>Helicoverpa zea</i> , and <i>Spodoptera exigua</i> (2005)

Binding studies using (125)I-Cry1Ac and biotinylated Cry1Fa toxins indicate the occurrence of a common receptor for Cry1Ac, Cry1Fa, and Cry1Ja in Helicoverpa armigera, Helicoverpa zea, and Spodoptera exigua. Our results, along with previous binding data and the observed cases of cross-resistance, suggest that this pattern seems to be widespread among lepidopteran species.
The Emerging Role of Flavonoid-Rich Cocoa and Chocolate in Cardiovascular Health and Disease (2006)

Cocoa and chocolate have recently been found to be rich plant-derived sources of antioxidant flavonoids with beneficial cardiovascular properties. These favorable physiological effects include: antioxidant activity, vasodilation and blood pressure reduction, inhibition of platelet activity, and decreased inflammation. Increasing evidence from experimental and clinical studies using cocoa-derived products and chocolate suggest an important role for these high-flavanol-containing foods in heart and vascular protection.