gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The let-60 locus controls the switch between vulval and nonvulval cell fates in Caenorhabditis elegans. (1990)

During induction of the Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodite vulva by the anchor cell of the gonad, six multipotent vulval precursor cells (VPCs) have two distinct fates: three VPCs generate the vulva and the other three VPCs generate nonspecialized hypodermis. Genes that control the fates of the VPCs in response to the anchor cell signal are defined by mutations that cause all six VPCs to generate vulval tissue (Multivulva or Muv) or that cause all six VPCs to generate hypodermis (Vulvaless or Vul). Seven dominant Vul mutations were isolated as dominant suppressors of a lin-15 Muv mutation. These mutations are dominant alleles of the gene let-60, previously identified only by recessive lethal mutations. Our genetic studies of these dominant Vul recessive lethal mutations, recessive lethal mutations, intragenic revertants of the dominant Vul mutations, and the closely mapping semi-dominant multivulva lin-34 mutations suggest that: (1) loss-of-function mutations of let-60 are recessive lethal at a larval stage, but they also cause a Vul phenotype if the lethality is rescued maternally by a lin-34 gain-of-function mutation. (2) The dominant Vul alleles of let-60 are dominant negative mutations whose gene products compete with wild-type activity. (3) lin-34 semidominant Muv alleles are either gain-of-function mutations of let-60 or gain-of-function mutations of an intimately related gene that elevates let-60 activity. We propose that let-60 activity controls VPC fates. In a wild-type animal, reception by a VPC of inductive signal activates let-60, and it generates into a vulval cell type; in absence of inductive signal, let-60 activity is low and the VPC generates hypodermal cells. Our genetic interaction studies suggest that let-60 acts downstream of let-23 and lin-15 and upstream of lin-1 and lin-12 in the genetic pathway specifying the switch between vulval and nonvulval cell types.
A survey of available tools and web servers for analysis of protein-protein interactions and interfaces (2008)

The unanimous agreement that cellular processes are (largely) governed by interactions between proteins has led to enormous community efforts culminating in overwhelming information relating to these proteins; to the regulation of their interactions, to the way in which they interact and to the function which is determined by these interactions. These data have been organized in databases and servers. However, to make these really useful, it is essential not only to be aware of these, but in particular to have a working knowledge of which tools to use for a given problem; what are the tool advantages and drawbacks; and no less important how to combine these for a particular goal since usually it is not one tool, but some combination of tool-modules that is needed. This is the goal of this review.
Ideology and Political Socialization (1988)

No element of Soviet political life has preoccupied Western observers as much as communist ideology. Children in the West learn to value democracy and to renounce communism even before they understand the meaning of those complex concepts. Western television-news reports of parades from Red Square show banners devoted to Lenin and Marx, and viewers conclude that ideology in the USSR is ubiquitous. Westerners assume that Marxist ideology is used to “brainwash” Russian citizens, keeping them under control and encouraging them to support the regime. In addition, the West tends to view Soviet ideology either as a body of mistaken and dogmatic creeds or as crude rationalizations used to legitimize the self-interested actions of the political leadership. Westerners contrast this picture with their own society, which they generally consider to be free of ideology.
A Method for Fast Determination of the α Parameter in Nuclear Reactors (2006)

The importance of the α parameter, which accounts for the deviations from the ideal behavior of the epithermal component of the neutron spectrum in nuclear reactors, is discussed. From the mathematical expression of the subcadmium to epicadmium flux ratio, a new method for fast approximate measurement of α is proposed. The data corresponding to the evaluation of several flux monitors and the experimental results of the application of the method are presented.
Generating all vertices of a polyhedron is hard (2006)

We show that generating all negative cycles of a weighted graph is a hard enumeration problem, in both the directed and undirected cases. More precisely, given a family of negative (directed) cycles, it is an NP-complete problem to decide whether this family can be extended or there are no other negative (directed) cycles in the graph, implying that (directed) negative cycles cannot be generated in polynomial output time, unless P=NP. As a corollary, we solve in the negative two well-known generating problems from linear programming: (i) Given an infeasible system of linear inequalities, generating all minimal infeasible subsystems is hard. Yet, for generating maximal feasible subsystems the complexity remains open. (ii) Given a feasible system of linear inequalities, generating all vertices of the corresponding polyhedron is hard. Yet, in the case of bounded polyhedra the complexity remains open
The Research of Low-heat Slurry for Cementing in the Natural Gas Hydrate Formation (2014)

There existed serious problems of lowtemperature,low formation fracturing pressure and the presence of gas hydrate during the cementing job with surface casing in deep water of offshore operation.A low-heat cement slurry was developed to form a silicate slurry system for surface cementing in natural gas hydrate formation effectively at low temperature condition,it was critical for ensuring effective and deep water exploration and development for offshore operation.A low-heating cement slurry system being suitable for cementing in gas hydrate formation was established by choosing and developing an exothermic balance inhibitor that can absorb and balance the heat generated by the cement hydration,control the upper temperature limit at low temperatures and effectively reduce the heat of hydration of cement,therefore a low-hot slurry system was established.It has low heat of hydration,high early strength,low filtration as well as good performance of thickening and gas channeling resistance,it can meet the requirement of cementing operation in the deepwater gas hydrate formation.
Fault tolerance through redundant COTS components for satellite processing applications (2004)

Satellites and other space systems typically employ rare and expensive radiation tolerant, radiation hardened or at least military qualified parts for computational and other subsystems to ensure reliability in the harsh environment of space. In this paper, a parallel architecture is proposed that allows commercial devices to be incorporated into a computational unit with aggregate reliability figures approaching that of space-qualified alternatives. Apart from the common argument of cost, commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) devices are attractive due to their relatively low power consumption and high processing performance. This paper describes a COTS-based processing architecture for space-borne computers and compares its reliability to a common alternative radiation hardened configuration.
Continuous Melt Suspension Crystallization of Phosphoric Acid (2012)

A continuous melt suspension crystallization process has been presented for the purification of the phosphoric acid in this study, which is performed in the cascade of a mixed suspension mixed product removal (MSMPR) crystallizer and a gravity wash column for the subsequent solid-liquid separation. Dynamic behavior in the crystallizer and role of reflux ration on the purification efficiency of column are studied in detail. A reasonable steady state with respect to the liquid phase is achieved after 2 to 3 hrs, which is followed by a solid-phase steady state in terms of the slurry density after 4 hrs. Reflux ratio is the effective parameter for separation and purification by the crystallization equipment from the influences of reflux ratio on the purity of product, the number of theoretical plates and the stability of the operations.
Joint FWI of diving and reflected waves using a graph space optimal transport distance: Synthetic tests on limited-offset surface seismic data (2020)

Full waveform inversion (FWI) of limited-offset seismic reflection data achieves broadband imaging only in the shallow subsurface sampled by the diving waves. In order to image deeper targets, Reflection WI (RWI) exploits wavepaths generated by reconstructed reflectors to constrain the smooth part of the velocity field. Joint FWI (JFWI) complements the RWI kernel at shallow depths by inverting simultaneously for diving and reflected waves. The JFWI solution, used as starting model, provides FWI with the low wavenumbers necessary to converge to a broadband velocity. This approach is not immune to the inherent non-linearity of L2-norm waveform inversion with respect to the wavefield kinematics, and benefits from the use of misfit functions robust to cycle-skipping. Here we attempt to reconstruct a complex subsurface from limited-offset streamer synthetic reflection data, using a 1D starting model. The strategy successfully combines JFWI with a graph-space Optimal Transport (GSOT) objective function, whereas L2-based JFWI suffers from severe cycle-skipping. Furthermore, the results attest the benefits of jointly inverting for diving and reflected waves in JFWI. Presentation Date: Monday, October 12, 2020 Session Start Time: 1:50 PM Presentation Time: 3:30 PM Location: Poster Station 3 Presentation Type: Poster
High Throughput Screening of G-Protein Coupled Receptors via Flow Cytometry (2003)

The molecular assemblies of signal transduction components, for example kinases and their target proteins or receptor-ligand complexes and intracellular signaling molecules, are critical for biological functions in cells. To better understand the interactions of these molecular assemblies and to screen for new pharmaceutics that could control and modulate these types of interactions, we have focused on developing high throughput approaches for the analysis of G-protein coupled receptors via flow cytometry. Flow cytometry offers a number of advantages including real-time collection of multicomponent data, and together with improvements in sample handling, the high throughput sampling rate is up to 100 samples per minute. For our targets, assemblies of solubilized GPCRs, a screening platform of a dextran bead has proven to be flexible, allowing different surface chemistries on the beads. The bead can be either ligand-labeled or have epitope-linked proteins attached to the bead surface, enabling several molecular assemblies to be constructed and analyzed. A major improvement with this system is that for screening ligands for GPCRs the underlying mechanism of action for these compounds can be investigated and incorporated into the definition of a 'hit'. Our current screening system is capable of simultaneously distinguishing GPCR agonists and antagonists.
Meal Pattern Analysis in Response to Temporomandibular Joint Inflammation in the Rat (2000)

Inflammation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) can alter behavioral responses such as food intake and mobilize stress hormones. The hypothesis of this study was that food intake and diurnal corticosterone analysis can be used as indicators of adjuvant-induced TMJ inflammation. Groups of rats received adjuvant or no injections at the beginning of the resting (AM) or activity (PM) phase. Forty-eight hours (early) or 6 weeks (late) after adjuvant injection, plasma corticosterone was assayed and food intake was recorded. Food intake was suppressed up to 4 days post-injection. As expected, the non-injected group showed low AM and high PM corticosterone. AM corticosterone was elevated, but PM corticosterone was attenuated in both early- and late-stage-injected rats. A computerized pair-fed experiment showed that adjuvant-induced hypophagia did not alter corticosterone levels. Meal pattern analysis revealed decreased food intake due to a decrease in the number of meals taken. Notably, meal size remained the same but meal duration increased. This model demonstrated that food intake and stress hormone analysis could be used as indicators for sequelae of adjuvant-induced TMJ inflammation.
Alveolar Macrophages as Orchestrators of COPD (2004)

Alveolar macrophages play a critical role in the pathophysiology of COPD and are a major target for future anti-inflammatory therapy. Macrophage numbers are markedly increased in the lung and alveolar space of patients with COPD and are localized to sites of alveolar destruction. The increased numbers of macrophages may result from increased recruitment of blood monocytes, prolonged survival in the lung and to a lesser extent to increased proliferation in the lung. Alveolar macrophages from COPD patients have an increased baseline and stimulated secretion of inflammatory proteins, including certain cytokines, chemokines, reactive oxygen species and elastolytic enzymes, which together could account for all of the pathophysiological features of COPD. Alveolar macrophages form COPD appear to be resistant to the anti-inflammatory effects of corticosteriods and this is linked to reduced activity and expression of histone deacetylase 2, a nuclear enzyme that switches off inflammatory genes activated through the transcription factor nuclear factor-KB. Alternative anti-inflammatory therapies that inhibit macrophages are therefore needed in the future to deal with the chronic inflammation of COPD. These drugs may include resveratrol, theophylline derivatives, MAP kinase inhibitors and phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors.
Using WordNet for Concept-Based Document Indexing in Information Retrieval (2010)

Concept-based document indexing deals with representing documents by means of semantic entities, the concepts, rather than lexical entities, the keywords. In this paper we propose an approach for concept-based document representation and weighting. Particularly, we propose (1) an approach for concept-identification (2) and a novel concept weighting scheme. The concepts are first extracted from WordNet and then weighted by means of a new measure of their importance in the document. Our conceptual indexing approach outperforms better than classical keyword-based approaches, and preliminary tests with the weighting scheme give better results than the classical tf-idf approach. Keywords-Information retrieval; conceptual indexing; concept weighting; WordNet. I. INTRODUCTION
MobiRNN: Efficient Recurrent Neural Network Execution on Mobile GPU (2017)

In this paper, we explore optimizations to run Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) models locally on mobile devices. RNN models are widely used for Natural Language Processing, Machine Translation, and other tasks. However, existing mobile applications that use RNN models do so on the cloud. To address privacy and efficiency concerns, we show how RNN models can be run locally on mobile devices. Existing work on porting deep learning models to mobile devices focus on Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs) and cannot be applied directly to RNN models. In response, we present MobiRNN, a mobile-specific optimization framework that implements GPU offloading specifically for mobile GPUs. Evaluations using an RNN model for activity recognition shows that MobiRNN does significantly decrease the latency of running RNN models on phones.
A retrospective analysis of the clinical outcome of 314 cases of single blastocyst transfer in fresh stimulation cycles (2017)

Objective
To investigate the feasibility of single blastocyst transfer (SBT).


Methods
A retrospective analysis was carried out on patients who performed SBT in fresh stimulation cycles, which contained 314 cycles. Clinical outcomes according to the ages and embryo qualities were analyzed.


Results
The ages of the patients in the clinical pregnancy group (CP group) were effectively lower than that in non-clinical pregnancy group (non-CP group)(P 0.05) when patients were under 35 years old. While the multiple pregnancy rate was markedly reduced in the eSBT group (P<0.001). The clinical pregnancy rate was higher in DBT group than in eSBT group when patients were over 35 years old, which had a statistical significance (P<0.05). The clinical pregnancy rate was closely related to the expansion and hatching (EH) stage and the quality of the blastocyst transferred.


Conclusion
The clinical pregnancy rate closely related to the patients? ages and the quality of blastocyst transferred, eSBT can be applied to women under 35 years with top-quality embryos.


Key words: 
Elective single blastocyst transfer (eSBT); Double blastocyst transfer (DBT); Clinical outcome; Blastocyst score
Electromagnetic Pumps for Main Cooling Systems of Commercialized Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor (2011)

An electromagnetic pump (EMP) has superior potential to improve the economic performance and ease of maintenance of sodium-cooled fast reactors. This study investigates the adequateness of a modular-type EMP system for large-sized (1,500MWe class) sodium-cooled fast reactors. A flow rate of over 500 m3/min is required for the main circulating pump of such reactors. There is concern that such a large EMP will cause flow instability. A modular-type EMP system can solve this issue since smaller EMPs are arranged in parallel and the flow rate of each EMP is reduced. Parallel-module EMP systems have been investigated as the primary and secondary circulating pumps. The results of the design study and electromagnetic analysis of the primary main pump confirmed that flow instability does not occur under all operational conditions. From a safety viewpoint, a reliable flow-coast-down system has been proposed, comprising an electric supply system with a permanent magnet synchronous motor and a reliable circuit breaker system. The modular-type EMP system is also effective for the secondary system, drastically simplifying the piping arrangement. The results of this study show that the modular-type EMP system is highly compatible with the main circulating pumps of large-sized sodium-cooled fast reactors, as well as the advantages gained from adopting this system.
Peptide Synthesis in Aqueous Solution. I. Application of <i>p</i>-Dialkylsulfoniophenols as a Water-Soluble Coupling Reagent (1987)

Abstract (p-Hydroxyphenyl)dimethylsulfonium methyl sulfate(HODMSP·MeSO4−) was found to be an excellent coupling reagent having a water-soluble property and a high reactivity; it worked as satisfactory as usual active esters in regard to the reactivity, product purity, and racemization. The marked advantage of the HODMSP·MeSO4− active ester method was the fact that bifunctional residues such as Arg, Lys, Cys, and Tyr could be selectively acylated when the pH of the reaction mixture was controlled. The molluscan neuropeptide FMRFamide(Phe–Met–Arg–Phe–NH2) was synthesized by this new active ester method for an evaluation of this method to further applications involving peptide syntheses.
Testosterone Metabolism in the Skin (1975)

• Current concepts of testosterone metabolism in the human skin are reviewed, and the role of dihydrotestosterone in the pathophysiology of androgenetic alopecia, acne vulgaris, and idiopathic hirsutism is discussed. The hypothesis is submitted that a temporary, increased dihydrotestosterone formation at specific skin target sites at different ages causes the normal development of certain sexual characteristics, as well as the androgendependent skin disorders. Future treatment of these conditions is discussed in light of recent studies with antiandrogens. (<i>Arch Dermatol</i>111:1496-1502,1975)
Differential expression of orthologousDlx genes in zebrafish and mice: Implications for the evolution of theDlx homeobox gene family (2000)

Dlx homeobox genes of vertebrates are often organised as physically linked pairs in which the two genes are transcribed convergently (tail-to-tail arrangement). Three such Dlx pairs have been found in mouse, human, and zebrafish and are thought to have originated from the duplication of an ancestral gene pair. These pairs include Dlx1/Dlx2, Dlx7/Dlx3, and Dlx6/Dlx5 (the zebrafish orthologue of Dlx5 is named dlx4). Expression patterns of physically linked Dlx genes overlap extensively. Furthermore, orthologous Dlx genes often show highly similar expression patterns. We analysed Dlx expression during the gastrula and early somitogenesis of the mouse and zebrafish. It was found that expression of the mouse Dlx6 gene takes place in the rostral ectoderm and presumptive olfactory and otic placodes with patterns similar to the previously reported expression of the physically linked Dlx5 gene. However, we observed only very weak expression of the mouse Dlx3 gene at the same stage. This contrasts with the expression of dlx genes in zebrafish where dlx3 and dlx7, but not dlx4 and dlx6 are expressed during gastrulation in the rostral ectoderm and presumptive placodes. Thus, Dlx expression patterns at early stages are better conserved between paralogous pairs of physically linked genes than between orthologous pairs. This suggests that early expression of Dlx genes existed prior to the duplications that led to the multiple pairs of physically linked genes but was differentially conserved in different paralogs in zebrafish and mice.
An overview of lossless digital image compression techniques (2005)

Lossless compression is necessary for many high performance applications such as geophysics, telemetry, nondestructive evaluation, and medical imaging, which require exact recoveries of original images. Lossless image compression can be always modeled as a two-stage procedure: decorrelation and entropy coding. The first stage removes spatial redundancy or inter-pixel redundancy by means of run-length coding, SCAN language based methodology, predictive techniques, transform techniques, and other types of decorrelation techniques. The second stage, which includes Huffman coding, arithmetic coding, and LZW, removes coding redundancy. Nowadays, the performances of entropy coding techniques are very close to its theoretical bound, and thus more research activities concentrate on decorrelation stage. JPEG-LS and JPEG-2000 are the latest ISO/ITU standards for compressing continuous-tone images. JPEG-LS is based on LOCO-I algorithm, which was chosen to incorporate the standard due to its good balance between complexity and efficiency. Another technique proposed for JPEG-LS was CALIC. JPEG-2000 was designed with the main objective of providing efficient compression for a wide range of compression ratios.
<title>Smoothing and buffering for delivery of prerecorded compressed video</title> (1995)

The transportation of compressed video data generally requires the network to adapt to large fluctuations in bandwidth requirements if the quality of video is to remain constant. Techniques that use averaging for smoothing video data, such as those found in video conferences, allows for some smoothing at the expense of delay. With video-on-demand systems on the horizon, smoothing techniques for prerecorded video data are necessary for the efficient use of network resources. Simply extending algorithms that smooth via averaging for use in video playback cannot smooth the burstiness in bandwidth requirements without using large amounts of buffering. In this paper, we introduce the notion of critical bandwidth allocation which allows for the most effective use of buffering while allowing for long durations between bandwidth increase requests. A comparison between critical bandwidth allocation algorithms and other smoothing algorithms is presented.