gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Expression and Functional Role of Ghrelin in Rat Testis (2002)

Ghrelin, the endogenous ligand for the GH-secretagogue receptor (GHS-R), is a recently cloned peptide, primarily expressed in the stomach and hypothalamus, that acts at central levels to elicit GH release and, notably, to regulate food intake. However, the possibility of additional, as yet unknown, peripheral effects of ghrelin cannot be ruled out. In the present communication, we provide evidence for the novel expression of ghrelin and its functional receptor in rat testis. Testicular ghrelin gene expression was demonstrated throughout postnatal development, and ghrelin protein was detected in Leydig cells from adult testis specimens. Accordingly, ghrelin mRNA signal became undetectable in rat testis following selective Leydig cell elimination. In addition, testicular expression of the gene encoding the cognate ghrelin receptor was observed from the infantile period to adulthood, with the GHS-R mRNA being persistently expressed after selective withdrawal of mature Leydig cells. From a functional standpoint, ghrelin, in a dose-dependent manner, induced an average 30% inhibition of human CG- and cAMP-stimulated T secretion in vitro. This inhibitory effect was associated with significant decreases in human CG-stimulated expression levels of the mRNAs encoding steroid acute regulatory protein, and P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage, 3beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase, and 17beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase type III enzymes. Overall, our data are the first to provide evidence for a possible direct action of ghrelin in the control of testicular function. Furthermore, the present results underscore an unexpected role of ghrelin as signal with ability to potentially modulate not only growth and body weight homeostasis but also reproductive function, a phenomenon also demonstrated recently for the adipocyte-derived hormone, leptin.
Curator's Corner … (1949)

A famous Iowa tradition was broken this past winterthere was no "January Thaw."I do not know how many times there has not been a "January Thaw", but since boyhood I recall that it has been an axiom that it would occur.Well, in 1949, it did not.This, and the past severe winter, reminded me of some earlier winter experiences.When a boy, my brother and I owned a pony, a cross between a Hambletonian and a Shetland.We drove him to a two-wheeled cart, popular in those days.One winter, ignoring all parental warnings, we started to drive him to town to Sunday school through the snow.Just above our house a drift was deeper than he was tall.The result, a floundered pony, a broken cart shaft and two very depressed spirits.This says nothing of our father, who was in not too good spirits.His personal comfort was to be found in "I told you so!"That same winter, we had to open that road, but there was no glamor about it then.No rotary snow plows-in fact, no snow plows for highways-tho they were called roads then.So, the neighbors formed a shovel band.I was included in that philanthropic enterprise and we opened three miles so town could be reached.A team of mules hitched to a bobsled would follow us, and when they could wallow thru, we knew we had accomplished our purpose.Then one day the 1:00 p. m. train on the Burlington, Crestón, St. Joe branch left our town of Kent for Crestón, eleven miles northeast.An old-fashioned blizzard was in progress.Aboard was a small boy with a dislocated shoulder, going to a Crestón doctor.The train stalled in a cut two miles north of Kent and did not reach Crestón until the next day.Passengers from the train were taken to a nearby farm house in a bobsled.Crossing a ravine enroute, the sled upset-which was one of the better things a bobsled could do-and the
ChemInform Abstract: 1,5‐ and 1,9‐Hydrogen Atom Abstractions. Photochemical Strategies for Radical Cyclizations. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Thyroxine is the serum factor that regulates morphogenesis of columnar cartilage from isolated chondrocytes in chemically defined medium. (1994)

Epiphyseal chondrocytes cultured in a medium containing 10% serum may be maintained as three dimensional aggregates and differentiate terminally into hypertrophic cells. There is an attendant expression of genes encoding type X collagen and high levels of alkaline phosphatase activity. Manipulation of the serum concentration to optimal levels of 0.1 or 0.01% in this chondrocyte pellet culture system results in formation of features of developing cartilage architecture which have been observed exclusively in growth cartilage in vivo. Cells are arranged in columns radiating out from the center of the tissue, and can be divided into distinct zones corresponding to the recognized stages of chondrocyte differentiation. Elimination of the optimal serum concentration in a chemically defined medium containing insulin eliminates the events of terminal differentiation of defined cartilage architecture. Chondrocytes continue to enlarge into hypertrophic cells and synthesize type X collagen mRNA and protein, but in the absence of the optimal serum concentration, alkaline phosphatase activity does not increase and the cells retain a random orientation. Addition of thyroxine to the chemically defined medium containing insulin and growth hormone results in dose-dependent increases in both type X collagen synthesis and alkaline phosphatase activity, and reproduces the optimal serum-induced morphogenesis of chondrocytes into a columnar pattern. These experiments demonstrate the critical role of thyroxine in cartilage morphogenesis.
Toward a Mobile Digital Wallet (2009)

Mobile phones have now made their way into a large fraction of pockets and handbags worldwide. An intriguing question is whether such phones will eventually replace the physical wallets we carry. We believe the answer is in the affirmative, though plenty of challenges abound in overcoming entrenched personal and business practices and processes. In this paper, we explore the changes that need to ripple through the ecosystem to build a vibrant set of digital wallet services that potentially interact with each other to provide users both with increased convenience and a level of functionality hitherto unrealized. We describe our initial mobile wallet prototypes on web-enabled smart phones, designed to explore some of the challenges in creating the architecture and infrastructure necessary to make this vision a reality. Feedback from users and experts across a range of industries such as retail, banking, telecommunications, and healthcare indicate that we have just scratched the surface and a substantial wave of innovation is necessary to make the digital wallet a full-fledged reality.
Track 3D: Visualization and flight track analysis of Anopheles gambiae s.s. mosquitoes (2008)

Female malaria mosquitoes locate their hosts by olfaction [1]. Little is known about nocturnal upwind navigation when the mosquito encounters host cues. This paper presents recently implemented techniques used to visualize and analyze the flight path of mosquitoes under low light conditions. A wind tunnel equipped with a digital recording system was developed to study the flight behavior of An. gambiae s.s. in 3 dimensions (Figure 1). After initial tests [2], a new software package, “Track3D ” [3] was developed as an add-on tool to Ethovision 3.1 to optimize automatic tracking. An air treatment system was developed and installed by Facility Services Tupola, Plant Sciences Group, WUR, The Netherlands, to ensure a constant flow of purified warm and humid ‘tropical ’ air into the wind tunnel. Single mosquitoes were released in the wind tunnel and exposed to clean acclimatized air, human skin odours, either with or without a heat source. The side walls and floor of the wind tunnel were constructed of black recycled polycarbonate and the ceiling was made of Lexan polycarbonate (WSV kunststoffen, Utrecht, The Netherlands). The dimensions of the flight arena are presented
The Effect of Surface Modification with La-M-O (M = Ni, Li) on Electrochemical Performances of Li[Ni<sub>0.8</sub>Co<sub>0.15</sub>Al<sub>0.05</sub>]O<sub>2</sub>Cathode (2009)

The surface of <TEX>$Li[Ni_{0.8}Co_{0.15}Al_{0.05}]O_2$</TEX> cathode particle was modified by lanthanum based oxide to improve electrochemical property and thermal stability. The XRD pattern of surface layer was indexed with that of <TEX>$La_4NiLiO_8$</TEX>. The discharge capacity of modified electrode was higher than that of pristine sample, specially at fast charge-discharge rate and high cut-off voltage. In the DSC profile of the charged sample, the generation of heat by exothermic reaction was decreased by surface modification. Such enhancement may by attributed to the presence of stable lanthanum based oxide, which effectively suppressd the reaction between electrode and electrolyte on the surface of <TEX>$Li[Ni_{0.8}Co_{0.15}Al_{0.05}]O_2$</TEX> electrode.
Evaluation of beta-2'-deoxythioguanosine combined with methyl-CCNU or mitomycin in advanced colorectal cancer. A Southwest Oncology Group study. (1981)

Two hundred twenty eligible patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma were treated with a combination of beta-2'-deoxythioguanosine (BTG), plus methyl-CCNU or mitomycin. There was no significant difference in overall response (CR/PR + stable) among fully evaluable patients between the mitomycin plus BTG arm 19/96 (19.7%) and the MeCCNU arm 26/87 (29.8%). Median survival of eligible patients was 19 weeks with mitomycin plus BTG versus 21 weeks with MeCCNU plus BTG: no difference. Median survival of responders (40 weeks) and patients with stable disease (35 weeks) was significantly better than patients with increasing disease (17 weeks): p + 0.001.
A Selenocysteine Derivative Therapy Affects Radiation-Induced Pneumonitis in the Mouse (2013)

The mechanism leading to the radiation-induced lung response of pneumonitis is largely unknown. Here we investigated whether treatment with 3,3'-diselenodipropionic acid (DSePA), which reduces radiation-induced oxidative stress in acute response models, decreases the lung response to irradiation. Mice of the C3H/HeJ (alveolitis/pneumonitis-responding) strain received 18 Gy whole-thorax irradiation, and a subset of these mice was treated with DSePA (2 mg/kg) three times per week, beginning at 2 hours after radiation treatment, and continuing in the postirradiation period until death because of respiratory distress symptoms. DSePA treatment increased the postirradiation survival time of mice by an average of 32 days (P = 0.0002). Radiation-treated and DSePA-treated mice presented lower levels of lipid peroxidation and augmented glutathione peroxidase in the lungs, compared with those levels measured in mice receiving radiation only, when mice receiving radiation only were killed because of distress symptoms, whereas catalase and superoxide dismutase levels did not show consistent differences among treatment groups. DSePA treatment decreased pneumonitis and the numbers of mast cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes in the lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage, respectively, of irradiated mice relative to mice exposed to radiation alone. DSePA treatment also decreased the radiation-induced increase in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage and lung-tissue expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin, while increasing the expression of glutathione peroxidase-4. We conclude that DSePA treatment reduces radiation-induced pneumonitis in mice by delaying oxidative damage and the inflammatory cell influx.
Direct volumetric visualization (1992)

The need for true 3D volumetric displays derives from the fact that the human visual system has evolved to perceive and comprehend the world in three dimensions. The Texas Instruments OmniView™ display technology provides the capability to display computer graphics images in true 3D. Viewers can see the display from all angles and change views simply by walking around the display volume. The OmniView™; device uses lasers of three different colors to project images on a moving surface sweeping through the 3D cylindrical display volume. The concept of operations is discussed, along with some details of the moving surface and parameters of the resulting display. The transport theory for this type of display involves only the source term in the linear Boltzmann equation. Constraints of the technology imposed by this limitation are discussed, along with discussions of image quality, current applications, and plans for improved devices.
Direct <i>In Vivo</i> Gene Transfer and Expression in Malignant Cells Using Adenovirus Vectors (1994)

To evaluate the ability of replication-deficient, recombinant adenovirus vectors to transfer genes to human tumor cells in vivo, adenovirus vectors containing the Escherichia coli lacZ (Ad.RSV beta gal) gene (coding for beta-galactosidase; used as a cell marker for gene transfer) or the human alpha 1-antitrypsin (Ad-alpha 1AT) cDNA (used as an example of a secreted protein) were administered intraperitoneally to nude mice with human malignant mesothelioma cell (H-MESO-1) malignant ascites. Preliminary in vitro studies showed that both vectors effectively transferred genes to H-MESO-1 cells. Tumor cells recovered from ascites of animals intraperitoneally administered a control adenovirus revealed no evidence of beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) activity 3 or 14 days later. In contrast, beta-gal activity was detected at the same time points in tumor cells from animals receiving intraperitoneal Ad.RSV beta gal. Flow cytometric quantification of beta-gal activity in recovered cells showed < 3% beta-gal-positive cells in animals administered control virus, but in animals administered intraperitoneal Ad.RSV beta gal there was a mean of 71 +/- 18% positive cells at 3 days and 56 +/- 27% at 14 days. Human alpha 1AT was not detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in ascites of animals receiving a control virus; however, in ascites of animals administered Ad-alpha 1AT, 21,000 +/- 3,800 ng/ml of human alpha 1AT was detected at 3 days and 4,900 +/- 1,700 ng/ml at 14 days. These data demonstrate that replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus vectors can be used to transfer genes to malignant cells in vivo and suggest a new strategy for genetic modification for antitumor therapy.
[Thinking of application of gene chip technique in the study of channel-viscera correlativity]. (2005)

Wide application of gene chip technique will comprehensively promote deep study of channel-viscera correlativity.
A Guide to the Wireless Engineering Body of Knowledge (WEBOK) (2012)

"Responding to requests from industry for a program to ensure consistency and excellence among wireless technical professionals, the IEEE Communications Society (ComSoc) created its Wireless Communication Engineering Technologies (WCET) Certification. Many of the wireless experts who helped develop the WCET certification exam, the WEBOK, and ComSoc's wireless training courses, and helped update it in 2010, are editors or contributing authors to this book. Their inherent familiarity with the field and with each other as authors gives the WEBOK a credibility and a thoroughness that cannot be matched"--
Enabling technologies for multi-chip integration using Proximity Communication (2009)

Proximity Communication enables high-performance multi-chip packages by providing high-bandwidth, low-power, and low-latency chip-to-chip I/O. Chips are placed face-to-face, with only a few microns of separation, such that overlapping transceiver circuits can send and receive signals through capacitive or inductive coupling. Packaging chips in this way, however, presents a number of physical challenges. The multi-chip package must hold and maintain the chips in precise alignment. This paper presents a number of electrical and mechanical technologies that address these challenges to enable multi-chip integration using Proximity Communication.
Introducing living labs to innovate software engineering (2014)

This paper describes the implementation of the living lab approach in an undergraduate, advanced software engineering course where students were challenged with implementing application development of innovative technologies. Living labs are aimed at fostering innovative thinking within a user-centric environment. A living lab implementation is traditionally an industry-based practice however living labs are gaining momentum in the educational arena. By using a living lab approach, instead of a traditional lecture-based classroom setting, openness of communication and the empowerment of users were both encouraged by following living lab best practices. Results show that the open learning environment of the living lab produced motivated students who developed innovative solutions to problems where there was no solution known a priori.
Preparation and characterization of poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane‐sulfonic acid) grafted chitosan using potassium persulfate as redox initiator (2000)

A grafted material based on chitosan and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) has been successfully prepared in homogenous solution using potassium persulfate as a redox initiator. The grafted copolymer was precipitated during the reaction polymerization. The effects of the reaction temperature and chitosan–potassium persulfate contact time as well as concentrations of AMPS, potassium persulfate, and acetic acid on grafting yield were investigated. The percentage of grafting is gradually increased with the increasing of the AMPS concentration. The extent of grafting can be controlled by setting the appropriate reaction conditions. The maximum percentage of grafting was about 180% under the optimum conditions (1% v/v acetic acid, 50°C reaction temperature, 10 min chitosan–potassium persulfate mixing period, 0.37 mmol of potassium persulfate, and 28.96 mmol AMPS). The grafted chitosan was insoluble in the acid of the grafting. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 2314–2318, 2000
Preparation of Nanocrystalline TiO[sub 2] with Mixed Template and Its Application for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2004)

This work describes a procedure based on a mixed template of copolymer F127 and surfactant CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) for generating anatase nanocrystals. When the particle size is 3-5 nm, the surface area without aggregation is about 300 m2/g, but our experimental value is 180 m2/g. This means that not all surfaces of 3-5 nm particles are exposed. Then the prepared nanocrystals were used to assemble dye-sensitized very thin solar cells of about 6 μm. Its photocurrent-voltage performance was investigated. The mixed template allowed the fabrication of crack-free porous film electrodes of various thicknesses by repetitive coating and calcinations. The transparent solar cell obtained with a six-time repetitive coating exhibited an open-circuit potential of a short-circuit photocurrent density, a fill factor, and an efficiency of A solar cell using the commercial P25 as the film electrode was also assembled for comparison, and the result are analyzed and discussed. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Cloning and sequencing of cDNA encoding a rat salivary cysteine proteinase inhibitor inducible by beta-adrenergic agonists. (1988)

The beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol induces a unique secretory protein (LM) in the salivary glands of developing and adult rats. In order to study the regulation of growth and gene expression by catecholamines, we have isolated and sequenced several cDNA clones encoding the LM protein. Each of the LM cDNA clones described identifies, by Northern blot analyses, a single mRNA species of approximately 900 bases in size. The mRNA encoding this secreted protein was not detected in submandibular glands or brains of untreated adult rats. Sequence analyses of the LM cDNA clones revealed a striking similarity to the family 2 of cysteine proteinase inhibitors. Furthermore, when purified LM protein was used to assay for inhibition of cysteine proteinases, the data demonstrated that it is indeed a type of cysteine proteinase inhibitor. This inhibitor, termed rat cystatin S, provides the first example of cysteine proteinase inhibitors that can be induced by beta-adrenergic agonists.
On-the-Go Capacitance Sensing of Soil Water Content (2009)

When analyzing the moisture-related spatial heterogeneity of crop-growing conditions, mapping soil water content is a potentially beneficial practice. Using commercially available point-based sensors is labor-intensive and often fails to generate maps with appropriate measurement density. The capacitance-based sensor analyzed in this paper is a suitable alternative that allows high-density on-the-go measurements obtained at a predefined depth. Laboratory sensor evaluation revealed an error of approximately 3% when predicting volumetric water content as well as giving a similar accuracy of gravimetric water content for limited soil density fluctuations across a wide range of Nebraska soils. Soil moisture maps obtained using this sensor can complement recently popularized soil mechanical resistance maps and other spatial data layers involved in the decision-making strategies now being developed.
Introduction to the Early Childhood Caries Conference: initial description and current understanding (1998)

The objective of this paper is to introduce the issues discussed at the Early Childhood Caries Conference, held October 18-19, 1997, in Bethesda, Maryland. Early childhood caries (ECC) is of epidemic proportions in some US minority populations and in many developing countries. However, the inadequate information and research on dental caries in infants and toddlers appears to have fostered acceptance of some incorrect assumptions regarding its etiology and prevention. To reexamine the current knowledge of ECC, leaders in this field have critically reviewed the biological and psychosocial mechanisms, public health implications, prevention, research and policy needs. An additional goal of the conference was to convey the health implications and societal costs of this highly prevalent childhood disease to the public, health care providers and policy-makers.
A 9 b, 1.25 ps Resolution Coarse–Fine Time-to-Digital Converter in 90 nm CMOS that Amplifies a Time Residue (2008)

This paper presents the design of a coarse-fine time-to-digital converter (TDC) that amplifies a time residue to improve time resolution, similar to a coarse-fine analog-to-digital converter (ADC). A new digital circuit has been developed to amplify the time residue with a higher gain (>16) and larger range (>80 ps) than existing solutions do. However, adapting the conventional coarse-fine architecture from ADCs is not an appropriate solution for TDCs: input time cannot be stored, and the gain of a time amplifier (TA) cannot be controlled precisely. This paper proposes a new coarse-fine TDC architecture by using an array of time amplifiers and two identical fine TDCs that compensate for the variation of the TA gain during the conversion process. The measured DNL and INL are plusmn0.8 LSB and plusmn3 LSB, respectively, with a value of 1.25 ps per 1 LSB, while the standard deviation of output code for constant inputs remains below 1 LSB across the TDC range. Although the nonlinearity is larger than 1 LSB, using an INL lookup table or better matched delays in the coarse TDC delay chain will improve the linearity further.