gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genes, gene flow and adaptation of <i>Diabrotica virgifera virgifera</i> (2009)

Abstract 1 Diabrotica virgifera virgifera has emerged as a major pest of cultivated maize, due to a combination of its high capacity to inflict economic damage, adaptability to pest management techniques and invasiveness. 2 This review presents a survey of the current state of knowledge about the genetics of D. v. virgifera . In addition, the tools and resources currently available to Diabrotica geneticists are identified, as are areas where knowledge is lacking and research should be prioritized. 3 A substantial amount of information has been published concerning the molecular phylogenetic relationships of D. v. virgifera to other chrysomelids. 4 There is a growing literature focused on the population genetics and evolution of the species. Several adaptations to anthropogenic selection pressure have been studied, with resistance to synthetic insecticides providing some particularly well‐characterized examples. 5 A notable deficiency is a lack of studies directed toward the formal genetics of D. v. virgifera .
TrIAs - An Architecture for Trainable Information Assistants (1998)

Software agents are intended to perform certain tasks on behalf of their users. In many cases, however, the agent&apos;s competence is not sufficient to produce the desired outcome. This paper presents an approach to cooperative problem solving in which a software agent and its user try to support each other in the achievement of a particular goal. As a side effect the user can extend the agent&apos;s capabilities in a programming-by-demonstration dialog, thus enabling it to autonomously perform similar tasks in the future. Introduction Software agents are intended to autonomously perform certain tasks on behalf of their users. In many cases, however, the agent&apos;s competence might not be sufficient to produce the desired outcome. Instead of simply giving up and leaving the whole task to the user, a much better alternative would be to precisely identify what the cause of the current problem is, communicate it to another agent who can be expected to be able (and willing) to help, and use the resul...
Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in healthy infants, children, and adolescents: the relation to IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, age, sex, body mass index, and pubertal maturation. (1995)

Circulating IGF-I and -II are bound to specific insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding proteins (IGFBPs), of which IGFBP-3 binds the majority of the IGFs. IGFBP-3 levels are regulated by GH and have been suggested to provide additional information on GH secretory capacity compared to IGF-I. However, the diagnostic value of IGFBP-3 is still controversial, perhaps because the quality of the available normative data for IGFBP-3 varies. It has recently been shown that a large number of individuals is required to establish reference ranges for IGF-I that take into account age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and pubertal stage. Therefore, we measured IGFBP-3, IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-1, and IGFBP-2 levels by RIA in 907 healthy children to establish well characterized normative data on IGFBP-3 according to age, sex, and pubertal stage and to study the complex relationship between IGFs and their BPs in puberty. We found that IGFBP-3 levels increase with age in children, with maximal levels in puberty; girls experience peak values approximately 1 yr earlier than boys. Age, sex, height, BMI, and pubertal maturation were all important factors in determining the circulating levels of IGFBP-3, whereas IGF-I levels were unaffected by BMI. Comparison of IGFBP-3 with IGF-1 concentrations revealed that they did not exhibit the same developmental pattern in puberty. IGF-I levels increased to relatively higher levels than IGFBP-3, leading to an increasing molar ratio between IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in puberty, when growth velocity is high. Concomitantly, IGF-II and IGFBP-2 levels were unchanged throughout puberty, whereas IGFBP-1 levels declined with age in prepubertal children, with lowest values in puberty. There was a highly significant correlation between IGF-I and -II and IGFBP-3 on a molar basis (r = 0.84; P < 0.0001). Thus, we speculate that IGFBP-3 is pivotal for circulating IGF bioactivity and that the increase in the molar ratio between IGF-I and IGFBP-3 reflects an increase in free, biologically active IGF-I. In conclusion, we have provided normative data on a large group of healthy individuals and conclude that age, sex, height, BMI, and pubertal maturation have to be taken into account before a single IGFBP-3 value in a growth-retarded child can be evaluated properly.
Which mesh for hernia repair? (2010)

The most important properties of meshes were found to be the type of filament, tensile strength and porosity. These determine the weight of the mesh and its biocompatibility. The tensile strength required is much less than originally presumed and light-weight meshes are thought to be superior due to their increased flexibility and reduction in discomfort. Large pores are also associated with a reduced risk of infection and shrinkage. For meshes placed in the peritoneal cavity, consideration should also be given to the risk of adhesion formation. A variety of composite meshes have been promoted to address this, but none appears superior to the others. Finally, biomaterials such as acellular dermis have a place for use in infected fields but have yet to prove their worth in routine hernia repair.
Ultrafine particles (1987)

This presentation is a summarized review of the achievements of the ultrafine particle (UFP) project, which was a 5-yr research and development project inaugurated in 1981 by Research and Development Corporation of Japan, a government sponsored organization. Any creative work with regard to UFP’s having diameters in the range of 10 to 1000 Å, was encouraged for the purpose of obtaining new knowledge and basic technology for the future. Four groups, each composed of four or five research staffs, were budgeted at approximately 1.5 billion yen. A high-resolution (∼2 Å) very high vacuum (≲10−6 Pa) multifunctional transmission electron microscope, designed and manufactured for the project, revealed that an UFP (gold &lt;50 Å) under the microscope changed its crystal structure so spontaneously that it should be considered to be in a quasisolid state. Another observation, which was obtained by tangential injection of an electron beam to a UFP, gave pictures of the first lattice layer, a technology which could be valuable for studying surface phenomena and other practical subjects, such as catalytic reactions. One of the possibly valuable techniques developed in the project is the transfer of UFP’s by flowing gas in a fine tube followed by jet formation to deposit the UFP’s on a solid plate. With sufficient jet speed (≳100 m/s), a tight deposit of Ag, Cu, Fe–Ag, TiN–Ni, Pb–Zn, etc., was obtained at a temperature of ≲600 K, exhibiting good homogeneous mixture under x-ray microanalysis. Several other results are presented.
The formation of refractory coatings by vapor-deposition processes (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe formation of refractory coatings by vapor-deposition processesCaroll Powell and I. E. Campbell Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1952, 29, 4, 181Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1952Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 April 1952Published inissue 1 April 1952https://doi.org/10.1021/ed029p181RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views98Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (4 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Prevalence of Neutropenia in the U.S. Population: Age, Sex, Smoking Status, and Ethnic Differences (2007)

In the United States, neutrophil counts are lower in black persons than in white persons and neutropenia is more prevalent in black persons. Neutrophil counts are slightly higher in Mexican-American persons than in white persons, and neutropenia is uncommon in both groups. The clinical implications of these findings are unclear, but they suggest that when determining the need for a diagnostic evaluation for neutropenia, clinicians should consider the patient's age, sex, ethnicity, and smoking status.
PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY AND HIGH-DOSE INTRAVITREAL TRIAMCINOLONE TO TREAT EXUDATIVE AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (2006)

Combined PDT/intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide as treatment for AMD-associated CNVs was associated with improved final BCVA and reduced the need for retreatment compared with historical controls.
Software `doctor' prescribes remedies (1986)

Knowledge-based trouble-shooting systems for fault diagnosis in a variety of situations are discussed. The basic principles of these expert systems are briefly outlined. Two existing systems are examined: General Electric (GE) Corporation's CATS (computer-aided trouble-shooting system), designed to improve the maintenance of diesel locomotives; and Westinghouse Electric Company's rule-based system for diagnosing steam turbine generators. GE's system codified the expertise of a GE troubleshooter employee with decades of experience. A 500-rule prototype implemented in the Forth language on a PDP-11 minicomputer was put into trial use in mod-1983. Westinghouse's system uses more than 8600 rules to analyze instrument readings, and determines whether generators are being operated correctly or whether they should be brought offline to repair problems. The use of expert-system shells to write rule-based software is described. The limitations of rule-based systems for trouble shooting are considered, and issues concerning their use are examined.
Formation of ultrashallow <i>p</i>+ layers in silicon by thermal diffusion of boron and by subsequent rapid thermal annealing (1991)

Boron atoms are incorporated into (100)Si wafers by heating the substrates at 800 °C for 30 min in a (B2H6+H2) atmosphere and by subsequent rapid thermal annealing above 900 °C. Atomic and carrier-concentration profiles of boron-doped layers have been examined by a secondary-ion mass spectrometry and by differential Hall measurements, respectively. Experimental results have clearly shown that ultrashallow p+ layers, 300 Å thick, with a surface carrier concentration of 7.26×1019/cm3 can be formed by diffusion of boron at 800 °C and by subsequent RTA at 100 °C.
Linear theory of nonuniformity correction in infrared staring sensors (1993)

Correction of photoresponse nonuniformity in IR staring sensors is investigated. Spatial noise expressions for uncorrected, one-point corrected, and two-point corrected imaging are developed. These theoretical results take into account the properties of the IR source, sensor constants, and spatial variations in the IR imaging device. To demonstrate the application of these results, both theoretical and actual spatial noise curves for a platinum silicide IR sensor are presented.
The 40 health systems, COVID-19 (40HS, C-19) study (2020)

Early stringency measures and intrinsic national capacities to deal with a pandemic are insufficient. Extended stringency measures, important in the short term, are not economically sustainable. Broad-based testing is key to managing COVID-19.
Converter and inductor design for fast-response microprocessor power delivery (2002)

The fundamental constraints for fast-response buck converters for applications such as microprocessor power delivery are analyzed, with an emphasis on the role of the inductor. Optimum values of ripple ratio, and thus inductor value, are calculated. Based on this analysis, microfabricated inductor designs are analyzed, and an inductor design is proposed with predicted performance including power density of 158 W/cm/sup 2/ and 95% efficiency for an 8 MHz, 3.6 V to 1.1 V converter.
A case for toggle-aware compression for GPU systems (2016)

Data compression can be an effective method to achieve higher system performance and energy efficiency in modern data-intensive applications by exploiting redundancy and data similarity. Prior works have studied a variety of data compression techniques to improve both capacity (e.g., of caches and main memory) and bandwidth utilization (e.g., of the on-chip and off-chip interconnects). In this paper, we make a new observation about the energy-efficiency of communication when compression is applied. While compression reduces the amount of transferred data, it leads to a substantial increase in the number of bit toggles (i.e., communication channel switchings from 0 to 1 or from 1 to 0). The increased toggle count increases the dynamic energy consumed by on-chip and off-chip buses due to more frequent charging and discharging of the wires. Our results show that the total bit toggle count can increase from 20% to 2.2x when compression is applied for some compression algorithms, averaged across different application suites. We characterize and demonstrate this new problem across 242 GPU applications and six different compression algorithms. To mitigate the problem, we propose two new toggle-aware compression techniques: Energy Control and Metadata Consolidation. These techniques greatly reduce the bit toggle count impact of the data compression algorithms we examine, while keeping most of their bandwidth reduction benefits.
V2X Access Technologies: Regulation, Research, and Remaining Challenges (2018)

As we edge closer to the broad implementation of intelligent transportation systems, the need to extend the perceptual bounds of sensor-equipped vehicles beyond the individual vehicle is more pressing than ever. Research and standardization efforts toward vehicle to everything (V2X), technology is intended to enable the communication of individual vehicles with both one another and supporting road infrastructure. The topic has drawn interest from a large number of stakeholders, from governmental authorities to automotive manufacturers and mobile network operators. With interest sourced from many disparate parties and a wealth of research on a large number of topics, trying to grasp the bigger picture of V2X development can be a daunting task. In this tutorial survey, to the best of our knowledge, we collate research across a number of topics in V2X, from historical developments to standardization activities and a high-level view of research in a number of important fields. In so doing, we hope to provide a useful reference for the state of V2X research and development for newcomers and veterans alike.
MicroCuckoo Hash Engine for High-Speed IP Lookup (2017)

The internet data traffic is tripling every two years due to the exponential growth in the number of routers. Routers implement the packet classification methodology by determining the flow of the packet, based on various rule checking mechanisms that are performed on the packet headers. However, the memory components like TCAMs used by these various rules are very expensive and power hungry. Henceforth, the current IP Lookup algorithms implemented in hardware are even though able to achieve multi-gigabit speeds, yet suffer with great memory overhead. To overcome this limitation, we propose a packet classification methodology that comprises of MicroCuckoo-hash technique, to route packets. This approach alleviates the memory requirements significantly, by completely eliminating the need for TCAM cells. Cuckoo hash is used to achieve very high speed, hardware accelerated table lookups and also are economical compared to TCAMs. The proposed IP Lookup algorithm is implemented as a simulation-based hardware/software model. This model is developed, tested and synthesized using Vivado HLS tool.
Ionospheric delay estimation in the European Global Navigation Overlay Service (1996)

The European Geo-stationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) was conceived mainly to improve the integrity and accuracy of the GPS and GLONASS satellite navigation systems. This paper describes the basic principles behind the dual-frequency and all single-frequency ionospheric delay estimation techniques. The main objective of the paper is to present a brief summary of new results illustrating the potential performance of the single-frequency techniques, by providing comparisons with equivalent dual-frequency results. These results were obtained by processing data recorded on a number of days at different locations in Europe. Line-of-sight (i.e. slant-range) delay estimates were computed using both the dual-frequency and a well-known single-frequency method. In order to make sensible comparisons, measures had to be taken to overcome the problems arising from the unknown L1-L2 satellite and receiver group delay biases. One method for estimating the L1-L2 biases which was found to be most useful was based on the SCORE (self calibration of pseudo-range errors) method, developed by Bishop et al. [1995]. The basic principles of this technique are discussed.
Two dimensional angle and polarization estimation with a simple dipole array (2002)

It is shown how the two-dimensional arrival angle and the polarization of an incoming CW (continuous-wave) signal can be estimated simultaneously from the received signals on a simple array. The array considered consists of eight dipoles lying in the xy-plane with their axes pointing radially out from the origin of an xyz-coordinate system. Each dipole is assumed to be a short dipole whose output voltage is proportional to the electric field along the dipole.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Polarized light diffusely scattered under smooth and rough interfaces (2003)

We develop models for light scattering appropriate for glossy and matte paints. Volume scattering is treated in the single scattering regime and the diffusive scattering regime. In the single scattering regime, scattering is treated in the Rayleigh-Gans approximation, using a Henyey-Greenstein phase function. Interaction of the light with the smooth or rough interface is treated in the facet approximation. The theory for transmissive light scattering by a rough interface in the facet approximation is presented. To treat volume scattering under a rough interface, a Monte Carlo approach is used, where light is allowed to interact with the surface twice, once upon entering the material and once upon exiting. We compare the polarization and intensity predicted by the models with experimental data from glossy and matte paint samples. The results indicate that the new models are an improvement over the Maxwell-Beard model.
Development of fuzzy algorithms for servo systems (1989)

Consideration is given to the possibility of applying fuzzy algorithms in a microprocessor-based servomotor controller, which requires faster and more accurate response compared with other industrial processes. The performance of proportional-integral-derivative control, model reference adaptive control, and fuzzy controllers is compared in terms of steady-state error, settling time, and response time. Limitations of fuzzy control algorithms are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The role of chondrocyte–matrix interactions in maintaining and repairing articular cartilage (2000)

Throughout life chondrocytes maintain the articular cartilage matrix by replacing degraded macromolecules and respond to focal cartilage injury or degeneration by increasing local synthesis activity. These observations suggest that mechanisms exist within articular cartilage that stimulate chondrocyte anabolic activity in response to matrix degradation or damage. An important cartilage anabolic factor, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), appears to have a role in stimulating chondrocyte anabolic activity. Although IGF-I is ubiquitous, its bioavailability is controlled by a class of secreted proteins, IGF binding proteins (IGFPBs). Of the six known IGFPBs, IGFBP-3 is the most abundant in human articular cartilage. We recently found that with increasing age, articular chondrocytes increase their expression of IGFBP-3. This observation led us to investigate the potential role of IGFBP-3 in chondrocyte-matrix interactions. Using immunofluorescent staining and confocal microscopy we found that IGFBP-3 accumulates with increasing age in the chondrocyte territorial matrix where it co-localizes with fibronectin, but not with tenascin-C or type VI collagen. Using purified proteins we demonstrated that IGFBP-3 binds to fibronectin in a dose dependent manner, but not to tenascin-C. In vitro studies showed that IGFBP-3 alone inhibited chondrocyte synthetic activity while intact fibronectin alone significantly stimulated activity. When fibronectin and IGFBP-3 were combined we found that the inhibitory activity of low concentrations of IGFPB-3 was enhanced. These observations indicate that in mature articular cartilage IGF-I is stored in the chondrocyte territorial matrix through binding to a complex of IGFPB-3 and intact fibronectin. Storage of IGF-I of the territorial matrix may help maintain a relatively constant level of available IGF-I and the local increase in matrix synthesis following matrix damage may result from release of IGF-I. This mechanism may have an important role in maintaining and repairing articular cartilage and failure of this mechanism may lead to progressive articular cartilage degeneration.
Heterocoagulation as an Inclusion Coating Technique for Ceramic Composite Processing (1992)

Colloidal heterocoagulation in aqueous media was used to form coatings of alumina or polystyrene latex particles on alumina spheres and of alumina or latex particles on silicon carbide whiskers. The polyelectrolyte dispersants poly‐(ammonium methacrylate) and poly(ethylenimine) were used to alter the inherent surface potentials of the materials to increase the applicability of this technique. In most cases, the coatings formed were partial monolayers, although thicker coatings of alumina were formed on the SiC due to aggregation of the alumina. The oxide coatings were relatively well adhered while the latex coatings were easily removed in aqueous media. The adherence of the latex coatings was improved by adding low alcohols to the heterocoagulating suspension.