gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A study of the hemodynamics of anterior communicating artery aneurysms (2006)

In this study, the effects of unequal physiologic flow conditions in the internal carotid arteries on the intra-aneurysmal hemodynamics of anterior communicating artery aneurysms were investigated. Patient-specific vascular computational fluid dynamics models of five cerebral aneurysms were constructed from bilateral 3D rotational angiography images. The aneurysmal hemodynamics was analyzed under a range of physiologic flow conditions including the effects of unequal mean flows and phase shifts between the flow waveforms of the left and right internal carotid arteries. A total of five simulations were performed for each patient, and unsteady wall shear stress (WSS) maps were created for each flow condition. Time dependent curves of average WSS magnitude over selected regions on the aneurysms were constructed and used to analyze the influence of the inflow conditions. It was found that mean flow imbalances in the feeding vessels tend to shift the regions of elevated WSS (flow impingement region) towards the dominating inflow jet and to change the magnitude of the WSS peaks. However, the overall qualitative appearance of the WSS distribution and velocity simulations is not substantially affected. In contrast, phase differences tend to increase the temporal complexity of the hemodynamic patterns and to destabilize the intra-aneurysmal flow pattern. However, these effects are less important when the A1 confluence is less symmetric, i.e. dominated by one of the A1 segments. Conditions affecting the flow characteristics in the parent arteries of cerebral aneurysms with more than one avenue of inflow should be incorporated into flow models.
Fast contingency screening for voltage-reactive considerations in security analysis (1993)

An efficient contingency screening method for voltage limit violations is presented. The Q-mismatches are calculated exactly for the buses situated in the vicinity of the out-of-service element and approximately for the buses that are electrically distant from the perturbation. In this step, the convergence rate of individual nodes outside the perturbation area is exploited and the small Q-mismatches are zeroed. The electrical distance concept is used to predict the buses on which major voltage shifts can occur after the contingency. Computational efforts are saved by using the approximate Q-mismatch calculations and by using the sparse vector techniques for the nonzero mismatches (fast forward back solutions). The number of bus voltages to be solved is greatly reduced, and the accuracy of the solution remains good. Results of tests with a 206 bus, 299 branch 400 kV reduced French network are given to illustrate the performance of the method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Binding of Spin-Labeled Galactosides to the Lactose Permease of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2000)

A series of nitroxide spin-labeled alpha- or beta-galactopyranosides and a nitroxide spin-labeled beta-glucopyranoside have been synthesized and examined for binding to the lactose permease of Escherichia coli. Out of the twelve nitroxide spin-labeled galactopyranosides synthesized, 1-oxyl-2, 5, 5-trimethyl-2-[3-nitro-4-N-(hexyl-1-thio-beta-D-galactopyranosid-1 -yl )]aminophenyl pyrrolidine (NN) exhibits the highest affinity for the permease based on the following observations: (a) the analogue inhibits lactose transport with a K(I) about 7 microM; (b) NN blocks labeling of single-Cys148 permease with 2-(4'-maleimidylanilino) naphthalene-6-sulfonic acid (MIANS) with an apparent affinity of about 12 microM; (c) electron paramagnetic resonance demonstrates binding of the spin-labeled sugar by purified wild-type permease in a manner that is reversed by nonspin-labeled ligand. The equilibrium dissociation constant (K(D)) is about 23 microM and binding stoichiometry is approximately unity. In contrast, the nitroxide spin-labeled glucopyranoside does not inhibit active lactose transport or labeling of single-Cys148 permease with MIANS. It is concluded that NN binds specifically to lac permease with an affinity in the low micromolar range. Furthermore, affinity of the permease for the spin-labeled galactopyranosides is directly related to the length, hydrophobicity, and geometry of the linker between the galactoside and the nitroxide spin-label.
Aldosterone-induced Sgk1 relieves Dot1a-Af9–mediated transcriptional repression of epithelial Na+ channel α (2007)

Aldosterone plays a major role in the regulation of salt balance and the pathophysiology of cardiovascular and renal diseases. Many aldosterone-regulated genes--including that encoding the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC), a key arbiter of Na+ transport in the kidney and other epithelia--have been identified, but the mechanisms by which the hormone modifies chromatin structure and thus transcription remain unknown. We previously described the basal repression of ENaCalpha by a complex containing the histone H3 Lys79 methyltransferase disruptor of telomeric silencing alternative splice variant a (Dot1a) and the putative transcription factor ALL1-fused gene from chromosome 9 (Af9) as well as the release of this repression by aldosterone treatment. Here we provide evidence from renal collecting duct cells and serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase-1 (Sgk1) WT and knockout mice that Sgk1 phosphorylated Af9, thereby impairing the Dot1a-Af9 interaction and leading to targeted histone H3 Lys79 hypomethylation at the ENaCalpha promoter and derepression of ENaCalpha transcription. Thus, Af9 is a physiologic target of Sgk1, and Sgk1 negatively regulates the Dot1a-Af9 repressor complex that controls transcription of ENaCalpha and likely other aldosterone-induced genes.
FACIAL FEATURE EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES FOR FACE RECOGNITION (2014)

Face recognition is one of the biometric techniques used for identification of humans. The design of the face recognition system includes two basic steps. The first step is the extraction of the image's features and the second one is the classification of patterns. Feature extracting is a very important step in face recognition. The recognition rate of the system depends on the meaningful data extracted from the face image. If the features belong to the different classes and the distance between these classes are bigger then these features are important for recognition of the images. In this study, the design of face recognition system using three different feature extraction techniques-Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Fisher Linear Discriminant Analysis (FLD) and Fast Pixel Based Matching (FPBM) is presented. The comparative analysis of the simulation results of these methods is presented.
A schedule-based approach for flow-control in data communication networks (1986)

Thesis (Sc. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1986.
A new time-gain correction method for standard B-mode ultrasound imaging (1989)

A method used to provide gain variation with received echo range to compensate for tissue attenuation in standard B-mode ultrasound imaging systems achieves signal multiplication by first logarithmically compressing the complete dynamic range of the received echo. The time-gain correction method described here is a modification of this method. It performs the time-gain correction operation digitally between the digital scan converter and the display. The overall system transfer function can be specified by means of a software interface without changing the characteristics of the analog front end. This interface can be automated to almost any degree, and it can include preset settings for typical imaging requirements. This method also allows the gain function to be changed even when new images are not being generated.
Image registration. (2003)

In order to demonstrate the growth of the medical image registration field over the past decades, this paper presents the number of journal publications on this topic since 1988 until 2002. In a similar manner, trends in topics within the field of medical image registration are detected. Publications on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are rather constant through the years. Positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), on the other hand, seem to loose ground to newly emerging functional imaging techniques, such as functional MRI (fMRI) whereas an increase in interest in registration of ultrasound (US) images was observed. Two topics in image registration that are currently considered hot are intraoperative and elastic registration. Although the interest in intraoperative registration strongly increased in the late 1990s, there seems to be a slight relative decrease in recent years. On the other hand, elastic registration has become a popular topic, reaching the highest numbers so far in 2002.
32-Bit-Wide Memory Tolerates Failures (1990)

Electronic memory system of 32-bit words corrects bit errors caused by some common type of failures - even failure of entire 4-bit-wide random-access-memory (RAM) chip. Detects failure of two such chips, so user warned that ouput of memory may contain errors. Includes eight 4-bit-wide DRAM's configured so each bit of each DRAM assigned to different one of four parallel 8-bit words. Each DRAM contributes only 1 bit to each 8-bit word.
A Survey of Algorithms for Real-Time Bayesian Network Inference (2002)

As Bayesian networks are applied to more complex and realistic real-world applications, the development of more efficient inference algorithms working under real-time constraints is becoming more and more important. This paper presents a survey of various exact and approximate Bayesian network inference algorithms. In particular, previous research on real-time inference is reviewed. It provides a framework for understanding these algorithms and the relationships between them. Some important issues in real-time Bayesian networks inference are also discussed. 1.
A 2 GHz CMOS image-reject receiver with sign-sign LMS calibration (2002)

The trade-off between image rejection and channel selection in heterodyne receivers often restricts the frequency planning and requires external image-reject filters. Hartley and Weaver image reject architectures partially resolve this issue at the cost of requiring precise phase and gain matching in both the signal path and the local oscillator (LO) path. The use of polyphase filters to improve the matching typically leads to a high power dissipation whereas analog calibration mandates periodic refreshing, a difficult issue in CDMA systems that must receive continuously. In this Weaver receiver, gain and phase mismatches are calibrated simultaneously by a least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm. The receiver targets a sensitivity and blocking performance commensurate with wideband CDMA (WCDMA) systems.
Retinoic Acid Mediates Down-regulation of the α-Fetoprotein Gene through Decreased Expression of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factors (1998)

alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP), a protein highly induced during fetal liver development, is down-regulated by retinoids in the human hepatoma cell line Hep3B, in contrast to up-regulation observed in other cell types. Previously, we have documented that such up-regulation involves direct effects through cis-retinoid X receptor-binding sites in the AFP enhancer. In this report, we show a distinctive effect of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) in Hep3B cells. RA caused a marked decrease in AFP transcripts. Deletion analysis of the upstream regulatory region of the AFP gene revealed that cis-acting sites required for down-regulation resided near the promoter. Gel mobility shift assays for factors binding to key elements in the AFP promoter region demonstrated that hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF) 1 binding was diminished in nuclear extracts from RA-treated cells. In addition, HNF4, which is not known to bind to the AFP promoter but does regulate HNF1, was also diminished. The levels of HNF1 and HNF4 mRNA were also decreased following RA treatment. AFP promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase transient transfection assays demonstrated that the level of HNF1 had a direct impact on basal transcription as well as RA-mediated down-regulation of the AFP gene, and that co-transfection of HNF1 and HNF4, but not transfection of either factor alone, reversed the RA-mediated inhibition. Taken together these data point to an interaction among the RA, HNF1, and HNF4 signals, which is reflected in decreased expression of AFP.
Modeling Flowchart Structure Recognition as a Max-Sum Problem (2013)

This work deals with the on-line recognition of hand-drawn graphical sketches with structure. We present a novel approach, in which the search for a suitable interpretation of the input is formulated as a combinatorial optimization task - the max-sum problem. The recognition pipeline consists of two main stages. First, groups of strokes possibly representing symbols of a sketch (symbol candidates) are segmented and relations between them are detected. Second, a combination of symbol candidates best fitting the input is chosen by solving the optimization problem. We focused on flowchart recognition. Training and testing of our method was done on a freely available benchmark database. We correctly segmented and recognized 82.7% of the symbols having 31.5% of the diagrams recognized without any error. It indicates that our approach has promising potential and can compete with the state-of-the-art methods.
EMS-Vision: a perceptual system for autonomous vehicles (2002)

A survey is given of an expectation-based multifocal saccadic vision (EMS-Vision) system. EMS-Vision is the 3rd generation dynamic vision system for road vehicle guidance following the 4D approach. It combines a wide field of view (f.o.v.) nearby (>100/spl deg/, L/sub 0.05/=36 m, peripheral part) with central areas of high resolution: a 3-chip-color-camera with a f.o.v. of 23/spl deg/ (L/sub 0.05/=100 m) and a high sensitivity b/w-camera with a f.o.v. of 5.5/spl deg/ (L/sub 0.05/=300 m, foveal part). At L/sub 0.05/ a single pixel in the image corresponds to 5 cm in the real world. By active gaze control, this foveal cone can be inertially stabilized, be redirected to a point of interest in the wide f.o.v. (saccade), and locked onto a moving object for reducing motion blur (fixation). This vertebrate type of vision system allows new performance levels in machine vision. The system has been implemented on commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components in test vehicles.
Building a Digital Library for Computer Science Research: Technical Issues (1996)

Technical reports are available electronically at hundreds of internet sites around the world. A major impediment to their utility in computer science research is the difficulty in locating reports that are relevant to a particular area. We describe the implementation of a digital library for computer science technical reports that indexes every word in each report, covers a majority of computer science technical report archives, and supports a variety of search types despite the fact that documents are not formally cataloged. We discuss in detail techniques for constructing the digital library that minimize Internet and local storage costs. Keywords Digital libraries, information retrieval, data compression, user interfaces 1 Introduction The New Zealand Digital Library for Computer Science Research is a pilot project designed to explore the potential of network-based digital libraries. 1 Currently, it provides access to 11,200 research documents worldwide (310,000 pages, 130 mil...
Synapses onto Different Morphological Types of Retinal Ganglion Cells (1972)

The percentage of bipolar and amacrine synapses onto ganglion cell dendrites of the ground squirrel has been determined by electron microscopy of cells impregnated by the Golgi method. One group of ganglion cells has mainly amacrine input (approximately 97 percent); the other group has an approximately equal bipolar and amacrine input. Morphologically distinct types of ganglion cells usually have a consistent synaptic input, but exceptions may exist.
Text detection from natural scene images: towards a system for visually impaired persons (2004)

We propose a system that reads the text encountered in natural scenes with the aim to provide assistance to the visually impaired persons. This paper describes the system design and evaluates several character extraction methods. Automatic text recognition from natural images receives a growing attention because of potential applications in image retrieval, robotics and intelligent transport system. Camera-based document analysis becomes a real possibility with the increasing resolution and availability of digital cameras. However, in the case of a blind person, finding the text region is the first important problem that must be addressed, because it cannot be assumed that the acquired image contains only characters. At first, our system tries to find in the image areas with small characters. Then it zooms into the found areas to retake higher resolution images necessary for character recognition. In the present paper, we propose four character-extraction methods based on connected components. We tested the effectiveness of our methods on the ICDAR 2003 Robust Reading Competition data. The performance of the different methods depends on character size. In the data, bigger characters are more prevalent and the most effective extraction method proves to be the sequence: Sobel edge detection, Otsu binarization, connected component extraction and rule-based connected component filtering.
Incremental consistent updates (2013)

A consistent update installs a new packet-forwarding policy across the switches of a software-defined network in place of an old policy. While doing so, such an update guarantees that every packet entering the network either obeys the old policy or the new one, but not some combination of the two. In this paper, we introduce new algorithms that trade the time required to perform a consistent update against the rule-space overhead required to implement it. We break an update in to k rounds that each transfer part of the traffic to the new configuration. The more rounds used, the slower the update, but the smaller the rule-space overhead. To ensure consistency, our algorithm analyzes the dependencies between rules in the old and new policies to determine which rules to add and remove on each round. In addition, we show how to optimize rule space used by representing the minimization problem as a mixed integer linear program. Moreover, to ensure the largest flows are moved first, while using rule space efficiently, we extend the mixed integer linear program with additional constraints. Our initial experiments show that a 6-round, optimized incremental update decreases rule space overhead from 100% to less than 10%. Moreover, if we cap the maximum rule-space overhead at 5% and assume the traffic flow volume follows Zipf's law, we find that 80% of the traffic may be transferred to the new policy in the first round and 99% in the first 3 rounds.
Numerical model of baffle location effect on flow pattern in oil and water gravity separator tanks (2013)

Rectangular separator tanks used gravity settling to separate oil from water in treatment units. In this study, in order to increase the performance of separator tanks, the effect of different positions of baffle structure on improving the uniformity of flow was investigated. Two dimensional computation fluid dynamics (CFD) and one phase flow model was built to simulate the flow properties in the gravity separator tanks including the velocity profile distribution and volume of circulation region. A CFD programme, Flow 3D ver.10 was used in which finite volume method is used for solution of water flow equations and RNG turbulent model with the Navier-Stokes equations. The volume of fluid (VOF) method was used for tracking of free surface in simulation program. The result of numerical simulation indicate that the best location of baffle is obtained when the standard deviation of the velocity distribution and volume of circulation zone along the separator tanks is minimized. In other words, if the single baffle structure constructed in the last fourth part from the inlet tanks it can be achieved to the best separation between oil and water inside separator tanks.
Induction of B2 RNA polymerase III transcription by heat shock: enrichment for heat shock induced sequences in rodent cells by hybridization subtraction (1986)

When hybridization subtraction was used to enrich for sequences induced by heat shock in Chinese hamster cells, B2 sequences were found to be one of the major sequences enriched. With cloned B2 probes, we found that the level of the short, 0.1 to 0.6 kb, polyadenylated RNA polymerase III transcripts of this repetitive genetic element increased approximately 10 to 20 fold after heat shock. Transcription of B2 RNA by RNA polymerase III was rapidly induced after heat shock based on time course studies and nuclear runoff experiments. The induction of B2 RNA was not a nonspecific response to lethality or cellular injury because maximum B2 RNA induction was observed with even nontoxic heating while no induction occurred with other agents such as UV or X-radiation. Since B2 RNA increased after heat shock in several different Chinese hamster and mouse cell lines, induction of B2 RNA by heat shock is probably common in rodent cells. B2 RNA may also be the most abundant transcript induced by heat shock because the level of B2 RNA was substantially higher than several other abundant transcripts induced by heat shock including a rodent HSP70. Our finding of the induction of high levels of RNA polymerase III B2 transcripts in different rodent cells raise the possibility of a role in the heat shock response.
An experimental investigation on the trailing edge cooling of turbine blades (2012)

An experimental study was conducted to quantify the flow characteristics of the wall jets pertinent to trailing edge cooling of turbine blades. A high-resolution stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV) system was used to conduct detailed flow field measurements to quantitatively visualize the evolution of the unsteady vortices and turbulent flow structures in the cooling wall jet streams and to quantify the dynamic mixing process between the cooling jet stream and the mainstream flows. The detailed flow field measurements were correlated with the adiabatic cooling effectiveness maps measured by using pressure sensitive paint (PSP) technique to elucidate underlying physics in order to explore/optimize design paradigms for improved cooling effectiveness to protect the critical portions of turbine blades from harsh environments.
Polycarbonate Bottle Use and Urinary Bisphenol A Concentrations (2009)

One week of polycarbonate bottle use increased urinary BPA concentrations by two-thirds. Regular consumption of cold beverages from polycarbonate bottles is associated with a substantial increase in urinary BPA concentrations irrespective of exposure to BPA from other sources.
Novel optical techniques for phased-array processing (1991)

The problem of feeding and controlling the radiation pattern of phased-array radar has a novel solution involving the use of fiber and Fourier optics in the system originally proposed by Koepf in 1984. We give analytical descriptions of that system and introduce novel nonlinear optical techniques to address accuracy and alignment issues.