gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Membranes (1999)

Chemical and Physical Structure of Synthetic Membranes and Membrane Surfaces Atomic Force Microscope Studies of Membrane Surfaces, W. Richard Bowen, Nidal Hilal, Robert W. Lovitt, and Chris J. Wright A Multidisciplinary Approach Towards Pore Size Distributions of Microporous and Mesoporous Membranes, Antonio HernAndez, JosE Ignacio Calvo, Pedro PrAdanos, and Laura Palacio Surface Functionalization of Polymer Membranes, Jacqueline Marchand-Brynaert Formation Process, Analysis, and Structure of Silica Polymers, Fractal Aggregates, and Membranes, Balagopal N. Nair, Klaas Keizer, Norbert Maene, Tatsuya Okubo, and Shin-Ichi Nakao Transport Phenomena in Synthetic Membranes: Reverse Osmosis, Ultrafiltration Gas Pervaporation, Diffusion, Osmosis Fundamentals of Transport Phenomena in Polymer Solution-Diffusion Membranes, J. H. Petropoulos, M. Sanopoulou, and K. G. Papadokostaki Irreversible Thermodynamic Models for Pervaporation and Ultrafiltration, A. Steinchen Protein Adsorption on Ultrafiltration Membrane Surfaces and Effects on Transport, V. G. J. Rodgers Diffusion of Dyes in Porous Membranes with Parallel Pore and Surface Diffusion, Masako Maekawa Osmotic Properties of Polyelectrolyte Gels, Dietrich Woermann Electrochemical Transport Processes Through Synthetic Membranes and Membrane Surfaces Electrochemical Characterization of Membranes and Membrane Surfaces by EMF Measurements, Torben Smith SOrensen and Sergio Roberto Rivera Transport Numbers of Ions in Charged Membrane Systems, JosE A. Manzanares and KyOsti Kontturi Ion Equilibrium and Transport in Weak Amphoteric Membranes, Patricio Ramirez and Salvador MafE Water, Ion, and Entropy Transfer in Ion Exchange Membranes, Signe Kjelstrup, Tatsuhiro Okada, and Magnar OttOy Irreversible Thermodynamics of Membrane Surface Transport with Application to Polymer Fuel Cells, Signe Kjelstrup, Preben J. S. Vie, and Dick Bedeaux Electroosmotic Transport Through Ion-Exchange Membranes, C. RuOz BauzA and V. M. BarragAn Garcia Anion-Exchange Membranes with Viologen Cross-Links Showing Photovoltaic Effects and with Permselective Properties Determined by Photoirradiation, Toshikatsu Sata Electroconvective Mechanisms in Concentration Polarization at Electrodialysis Membranes, I. Rubinstein and B. Zaltzman Impedance and Dielectric Dispersion of Synthetic and Biological Membranes and Membrane Surfaces Interfacial Electrodynamics of Membranes and Polymer Films, Torben Smith SOrensen The Characterization of Membranes and Membrane Surfaces Using Impedance Spectroscopy, Hans G. L. Coster and Terry C. Chilcott Impedance of Multilayer Membrane Systems, Emilij Zholkovskij Biomembranes and Biomembrane Surfaces The Role of Water in the Surface Properties of Lipid Bilayers and Its Influence on Permeability, E. Anibal Disalvo Surface Electrostatics of Biological Membranes and Ion Binding, Suren A. Tatulian Ion Transport Across a Membrane with Soft Polar Interfaces, Victor Levadny, Vicente Aguilella, and Marina Belaya Nonlinear Instability of Biological Membrane Surfaces with Application to Bioadhesion, Dominique Gallez
Multimedia and Security Ecrypt (2020)

Die Abkürzung ECRYPT /1/ steht für „European Network of Excellence in Cryptology”. Das Netzwerk ist ein Zusammenschluss von ca. 180 europäischen Forschern und Entwicklern, an dem auch Informatiker der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg beteiligt sind. Das Projekt, in dessen Mittelpunkt die Forschungen zur Sicherung von Multimediadaten (Digital Rights Management) stehen, wird von der Europäischen Union über einen Zeitraum von vier Jahren gefördert. Die Forscher wollen Methoden entwickeln, um Musik, Bilder oder Videos mit zusätzlichen Schutzmechanismen zu versehen, mit dem Ziel Manipulationen zu erkennen oder bspw. Raubkopien zu verhindern oder aufzuspüren. Das Advanced Multimedia and Security Lab (AMSL) der Arbeitsgruppe Multimedia and Security an der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität leitet zusammen mit Stefan Katzenbeisser (TU München) seit Anfang 2004 das „Watermarking Virtual Lab“ (WAVILA), einen Teilbereich des Netzwerkes ECRYPT. In diesem Verbund arbeiten verschiedene Arbeitsgruppen, zum Beispiel aus Italien, Spanien, Frankreich, Deutschland, Belgien, der Schweiz und den Niederlanden, zusammen. Der Fokus der gemeinsamen Arbeit liegt dabei im Bereich der digitalen Wasserzeichen. Ihre Eigenschaften und Einsatzgebiete werden analysiert und es werden theoretische Grundlagen für Sicherheitsmodelle und für die Definitionen digitaler Wasserzeichen erarbeitet. In diesem Beitrag sollen die Motivation und die neuen Herausforderungen von ECRYPT, sowie die Ziele des Netzwerkes vorgestellt werden. Des Weiteren werden Arbeiten aus dem Bereich Wasserzeichen Benchmarking sowie Algorithmenentwurf präsentiert, um einen Einblick in das Umfeld zu ermöglichen.
Comparison of Vitamin E Levels in Human Plasma, Red Blood Cells, and Platelets Following Varying Intakes of Vitamin E. (1992)

Plasma, red blood cells (RBC), and platelets from young female subjects on varying intakes of vitamin E (VE) as butter or margarine (rich in VE) were analyzed for tocopherols to estimate which blood components most closely followed changes in the dietary intake. The VE nutritional status of the subjects at the beginning of the study was marginally deficient from the normal range of RBC α-tocopherol. No significant changes in the plasma α-tocopherol concentrations were observed, even though the VE intake had increased. The α-tocopherol level in RBC, however, increased with an increase in VE intake; and that in platelets, to a lesser extent. The plasma lipid peroxide levels were lowered with increased VE intake, showing an inverse change to the α-tocopherol levels in red blood cells and platelets. Consequently, changes in α-tocopherol levels in RBC closely followed varying dietary intakes of VE when compared with data from platelets and plasma.
Protecting quantum information encoded in decoherence-free states against exchange errors (2000)

The exchange interaction between identical qubits in a quantum-information processor gives rise to unitary two-qubit errors. It is shown here that decoherence-free subspaces (DFSs) for collective decoherence undergo Pauli errors under exchange, which, however, do not take the decoherence-free states outside of the DFS. In order to protect DFSs against these errors it is sufficient to employ a recently proposed concatenated DFS quantum-error-correcting code scheme [D. A. Lidar, D. Bacon, and K.B. Whaley, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4556 (1999)].
Design Considerations of PRF for Optimizing GMTI Performance in Azimuth Multichannel SAR Systems With HRWS Imaging Capability (2013)

Using multichannel in azimuth to suppress the Doppler ambiguities allows for high-resolution wide-swath (HRWS) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging, thus overcoming the minimum antenna area constraint of the conventional space-borne SAR. If the degrees of freedom in azimuth are used for the clutter suppression, the ground moving target indication (GMTI) can be achieved. Therefore, a space-borne multichannel SAR system for GMTI has the potential to offer HRWS imaging capability to some extent. However, here, the GMTI performance may suffer from the Doppler ambiguity caused by the undersampling. This paper focuses on the analysis of the influence of pulse repetition frequency (PRF) on GMTI performance in Doppler ambiguity. The multichannel signal models of the clutter and the moving target with Doppler ambiguity are derived in complex image domain. Considering the Doppler ambiguity and the multichannel spatial ambiguity, the influence of PRF on the output signal-to-clutter-plus-noise ratio after adaptive clutter suppression and the signal-to-noise ratio loss after SAR imaging is discussed. Accordingly, the design considerations of PRF for optimizing GMTI performance in multichannel SAR systems with HRWS imaging capability are given, along with a simulation example. Finally, the real-data experiments verify the theoretical investigations.
Mobile robot localization based on eigenspace analysis (1997)

A single observation is not enough to obtain accurate results for localization of a mobile robot. Therefore, the authors propose an approach using the eigenspace method to infer the robot position from several observations. Integration of multiple observation results allows flexible reaction to situations with similar images in several positions and directions, or with a partially changed environment. We discuss the method of position inference based on orienting the camera in multiple directions from one position, and the method of travel route inference by observation performed during movement. Effectiveness of the proposed techniques was confirmed by tests in a real-room environment. © 1998 Scripta Technica. Syst Comp Jpn, 28(12): 11–21, 1997
Joule Heating to Enhance the Performance of a Gate-All-Around Silicon Nanowire Transistor (2016)

Thermal engineering assisted by electrical annealing was applied to enhance the device performance of a gate-all-around (GAA) silicon nanowire (Si-NW) transistor. The ON-state current is increased by four times. Joule heating was produced in a Si-NW by electrical biasing. The heating was concentrated on both edges of the gate, which served as a heat sink, effectively lowering the parasitic external resistance of the GAA Si-NW transistor. The electrical biasing gives rise to a thermal annealing effect on a selected device and to all devices connected by a common biasing electrode. The evidence reported in our previous work regarding current-induced oxidation by Joule heating in a Si-NW was also observed in the measured transfer characteristics of the GAA Si-NW transistor in this paper.
Structural interactions in the wetting and spreading of van der Waals fluids (1993)

The structural interactions for the submonolayer of a van der Waals (vdW) fluid have been modeled with the two-dimensional vdW equation of state (Hill-deBoer isotherm). The cohesion and co-area parameters can be estimated from the critical temperature and pressure of the bulk fluid. The difference in the standard state chemical potentials is estimated from the substrate/ fluid/vapor Hamaker constant calculated with the Lifshitz theory and an interaction distance of a single molecule with the substrate. For the systems studied, this interaction distance was approximately equal to the distance from a flat substrate to the middle of a molecule lying flat on the substrate. The resulting adsorption or disjoining pressure isotherm is assumed to describe the submonolayer part of the isotherm until it intersects the isotherm predicted from the Hamaker-Lifshitz theory. The composite isotherm is used to predict the equilibrium film thickness, film pressure, initial spreading coefficient, equilibrium spreading coefficient, and contact angle. Good agreement was observed for all systems with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as the substrate and for fluids which do not hydrogen-bond with water as the substrate. This agreement gives confidence that this model represents the structural interations of fluids that have only vdW interactions. It is possible to model the interaction of a monopolar liquid with a polar substrate. The acid-base component of the interaction energy from the van Oss, Chaudhury, Good theory was added to the model. With this addition, the model can predict the film pressure and spreading of benzene and chloroform on water.
2. De l’Institut Marguerite d’Youville à la Faculté de nursing (1880-1967) (2002)

Une vague de réformes va transformer le modèle de soins dans le système hospitalier franco-catholique au Québec aussi. Amorcées dans le secteur de l’hygiène publique d’abord sous l’influence des modèles anglo-protestants, comme on a pu le voir au chapitre précédent, les réformes sont entreprises différemment dans le secteur hospitalier. Hérité de la mission colonisatrice française, l’hôpital est une des institutions majeures que possède l’Église au Québec. L’histoire des soins et de la format...
The three stages in degradation of polymers—polyethylene as a model substance (1988)

Abstract Data relating to the degradative conversion of 14 C present in low density polyethylene (LDPE) film to respiratory 14 CO 2 during a 10‐year aerated cultivation with soil are presented. The degradation was performed with two sets of LDPE samples, one without additive (PE) and the other containing UV sensitizer (NDPE). Samples were exposed to UV irradiation for 0, 7, 26, and 42 days. The degradation is characterized by three stages: (I) a constant degradation rate, (II) a parabolic decline in the rate of degradation, and (III) a subsequent final increase in the rate of degradation. The first step (I) is probably dependent on the environment. The material changes rapidly until some kind of equilibrium with the environment has been achieved. CO 2 is evolved, oxygen uptake is rapid, and a rapid change in mechanical properties is also observed. The second step (II) is characterized by low oxygen uptake, a low evolution of CO 2 and slow changes in the mechanical properties, crystallinity, and molecular weight. The changes in mechanical properties are not necessarily synchronous with the decrease in molecular weight. Step III, finally, is a rapid deterioration of the structure. The degradation rate increases again, and all the mechanical properties are more or less lost due to the final collapse of the structure. For an inert material such as PE, 10 years is a short time, so that only small indications of step III and a coming mineralization point can be observed. The changes are more evident for NDPE. The use of degradable materials, for example polypropiolactone, however, means that it is possible during a 2‐year period to study all three stages. An understanding of the mechanisms in each step will give a better base for lifetime predictions.
Experimental Observations of Light Propagation in Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguides (1985)

Analyse experimentale des effets de la propagation de lumiere hors de l'axe Y sur des guides d'ondes optiques planaires a echange de protons sur du niobate de lithium coupe X
Active power sharing in hybrid battery/capacitor power sources (2003)

The objective of this work is to determine to what extent the performance of a battery/capacitor hybrid power source can be improved by isolating the battery through a power converter. The performance of an active hybrid power source (battery/capacitor/converter) is compared to that of a passive hybrid (battery/capacitor) using both simulation and experiment. Particularly in this paper, two cells of Sony US18650 lithium-ion battery and two cells of Maxwell PC 100 supercapacitor are used as the energy storage components in the power source construction. Both the experimental data and the simulation results show that the active hybrid power source achieved greater mass and volume densities of power without drawing excessive currents from the battery. The active hybrid yielded a peak power of 130 W with terminal voltage variation (1.31 V), compared to a maximum of 42 W for the passive hybrid with voltage variation 1.7 V.
Random mutagenesis of the sheep Na, K-ATPase alpha-1 subunit generates a novel T797N mutation that results in a ouabain-resistant enzyme. (2021)

Site-directed mutagenesis of the Na,K-ATPase has provided a rational approach to identify several amino acids that appear to be involved in ouabain sensitivity. In order to identify additional amino acids that play a role in ouabain binding, we used formic acid to randomly mutagenize a cDNA cassette encoding amino acids 691-946 of the sheep Na,K-ATPase alpha subunit. This was then used to replace the wild type cDNA cassette in the full-length cDNA, and pools of mutants were electroporated into HeLa cells. Ouabain-resistant cells were selected in 0.5 microM ouabain, and the polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify the region corresponding to the mutagenized cassette from the genomic DNA of the resistant cells. Sequence analysis of the polymerase chain reaction product revealed a single amino acid substitution, T797N. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to reproduce this change in the wild type sheep alpha subunit, and this construct was able to confer resistance to HeLa cells, verifying the role of the mutation in ouabain resistance. The mutant sheep enzyme was found to be as resistant to ouabain as is the rat Na,K-ATPase. These data suggest that T797N, predicted to be in the fifth putative transmembrane domain, is involved in the interaction between ouabain and the Na,K-ATPase.
Development of endovascular microtools (2002)

Endovascular microtools refers to catheter-like systems with microdevices that are put into arteries and veins. An intravascular micro active catheter system is the most advanced type of endovascular microtool. It consists of an active bending catheter and some functional catheters, such as intravascular micro ultrasound and micro drug infusion catheters. These systems are widely under development and commercialization. In this paper, we present a brief overview of the intravascular micro active catheter, followed by an explanation of the microsystems that have been developed at Seoul National University. This system consists of an active bending catheter, a micro drug infusion catheter and an ultrasound scanning catheter. All these systems show the proper functions for in vivo and in vitro tests.
The ARKdb: genome databases for farmed and other animals (2001)

The ARKdb genome databases provide comprehensive public repositories for genome mapping data from farmed species and other animals (http://www.thearkdb.org) providing a resource similar in function to that offered by GDB or MGD for human or mouse genome mapping data, respectively. Because we have attempted to build a generic mapping database, the system has wide utility, particularly for those species for which development of a specific resource would be prohibitive. The ARKdb genome database model has been implemented for 10 species to date. These are pig, chicken, sheep, cattle, horse, deer, tilapia, cat, turkey and salmon. Access to the ARKdb databases is effected via the World Wide Web using the ARKdb browser and Anubis map viewer. The information stored includes details of loci, maps, experimental methods and the source references. Links to other information sources such as PubMed and EMBL/GenBank are provided. Responsibility for data entry and curation is shared amongst scientists active in genome research in the species of interest. Mirror sites in the United States are maintained in addition to the central genome server at Roslin.
Focalism: A source of durability bias in affective forecasting. (2000)

The durability bias, the tendency to overpredict the duration of affective reactions to future events, may be due in part to focalism, whereby people focus too much on the event in question and not enough on the consequences of other future events. If so, asking people to think about other future activities should reduce the durability bias. In Studies 1-3, college football fans were less likely to overpredict how long the outcome of a football game would influence their happiness if they first thought about how much time they would spend on other future activities. Studies 4 and 5 ruled out alternative explanations and found evidence for a distraction interpretation, that people who think about future events moderate their forecasts because they believe that these events will reduce thinking about the focal event. The authors discuss the implications of focalism for other literatures, such as the planning fallacy.
Soluble apoE/Aβ complex: mechanism and therapeutic target for APOE4-induced AD risk (2014)

The APOE4 allele of apolipoprotein E (apoE) is the greatest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) compared to APOE2 and APOE3. Amyloid-β (Aβ), particularly in a soluble oligomeric form (oAβ), is considered a proximal cause of neurodegeneration in AD. Emerging data indicate that levels of soluble oAβ are increased with APOE4, providing a potential mechanism of APOE4-induced AD risk. However, the pathway(s) by which apoE4 may increase oAβ levels are unclear and the subject of continued inquiry. In this editorial review, we present the hypothesis that apoE isoform-specific interactions with Aβ, namely apoE/Aβ complex, modulate Aβ levels. Specifically, we propose that compared to apoE3, apoE4-containing lipoproteins are less lipidated, leading to less stable apoE4/Aβ complexes, resulting in reduced apoE4/Aβ levels and increased accumulation, particularly of oAβ. Evidence that support or counter this argument, as well as the therapeutic significance of this pathway to neurodegeneration, are discussed.
Acyclovir resistance in herpes simplex virus type 1: biochemical and functional studies on the thymidine kinase of the highly resistant R100 strain (1989)

Abstract The biochemical and functional properties of the thymidine kinase (TK) of the herpes simplex virus type 1 mutant R100, that is highly resistant to 9-(2-hydroxy-ethoxymethyl)guanine (acyclovir), are reported in comparison with the properties of its parental strain, wt. The mutant induced the production of a TK activity that accounted for only 10% of the wt one. This feature was not apparently related to a defective expression of the TK gene but it was rather connected to some functional characteristics of R100 enzyme. Although affinities of this enzyme for ATP and thymidine were unchanged, apparent V max values for thymidine were much reduced. In addition, affinities for antiviral analogues acyclovir, 9-(1,3-dihydroxymethyl)guanine (DHPG), 5-(2-bromovinyl)2'-deoxyuridine (BVdU), and 5-iodo-2'-deoxycytidine (IdCyd) were drastically diminished (between 50-fold and more than 100-fold). This mutation therefore seems to affect the active site of the enzyme which is involved in the catalytic conversion of thymidine and in the binding of the analogues. The above features of HSV-1 R100 seem quite distinct from those of previously described HSV-1 resistant mutants.
Audioptimization: goal-based acoustic design (2000)

The authors present a new inverse, interactive approach to acoustic design that applies optimization techniques to an acoustic simulation system. For a new building, the system may suggest optimal configurations that would not otherwise be considered; for a hall with modifiable components or for a renovation project, it may assist in optimizing an existing configuration. Our system allows the designer to constrain changes to the environment and specify acoustic performance goals as a function of time. The constraints include the specification of a range of allowable materials as well as geometric modifications for surfaces in the hall. The designer also specifies goals for acoustic performance in space and time via high-level acoustic qualities such as decay time and sound level. Using this information, the system performs a constrained optimization of surface material and geometric parameters for a subset of elements in the environment. The system operates at varying accuracy levels, offering trade-offs between time and quality. Visualization tools facilitate an intuitive assessment of the complex time-dependent nature of sound, and they provide a means to express desired performance. By using optimization routines within an interactive application, our system reveals complex acoustic properties and steers the design process toward the designer's goals.