gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>Toxoplasma</i> Rhoptries: Unique Secretory Organelles and Source of Promising Vaccine Proteins for Immunoprevention of Toxoplasmosis (2008)

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite classified in the phylum Apicomplexa, which includes numerous notable human and animal pathogens (Plasmodium species, Cryptosporidium species, Neospora caninum, etc.). The invasive stages of apicomplexans are characterized by the presence of an apical complex composed of specialized cytoskeletal and secretory organelles, including rhoptries. Rhoptries, unique apical secretory organelles shared exclusively by all apicomplexan parasites, are known to be involved in an active parasite's penetration into the host cell associated with the biogenesis of specific intracellular compartment, parasitophorous vacuole in which the parasite multiplies intensively, avoiding intracellular killing. Due to the key biological role of rhoptries, rhoptry proteins have recently become vaccine candidates for the prevention of several parasitoses, toxoplasmosis among them. The article presents current data on T. gondii rhoptries biology and new approaches to the development of effective vaccines against toxoplasmosis using rhoptry antigens.
Collective alteration of strategic types with delayed global information (2002)

This paper proposes a computational model of the emergent collective behavior of multiple robots. For systems with multiple strategies, multi-stable systems can be produced provided payoff functions can group strategies by strategic types. Robots with any initial distribution of strategies can asymptotically converge to one equilibrium state. This paper focuses mainly on the dynamics by which all robots eventually change their strategic type whenever a small fraction of robots, called instigators, change their strategic type. The results of a computer simulation based on this model are also described.
Mobile agents in adaptive hierarchical Bayesian networks for global awareness (2002)

In order to be efficient and robust, distributed computing applications must accommodate new data sources and alter their computational structure automatically. We demonstrate the utility of mobile agents for addressing such challenges in a distributed, real-time application. We describe our implementation of a distributed information fusion system based on Bayesian networks using the D'Agent mobile agent system. The Bayesian networks infer identity for clusters of vehicles using information from distributed sensors and databases.
Rethinking SSL development in an appified world (2013)

The Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is widely used to secure data transfers on the Internet. Previous studies have shown that the state of non-browser SSL code is catastrophic across a large variety of desktop applications and libraries as well as a large selection of Android apps, leaving users vulnerable to Man-in-the-Middle attacks (MITMAs). To determine possible causes of SSL problems on all major appified platforms, we extended the analysis to the walled-garden ecosystem of iOS, analyzed software developer forums and conducted interviews with developers of vulnerable apps. Our results show that the root causes are not simply careless developers, but also limitations and issues of the current SSL development paradigm. Based on our findings, we derive a proposal to rethink the handling of SSL in the appified world and present a set of countermeasures to improve the handling of SSL using Android as a blueprint for other platforms. Our countermeasures prevent developers from willfully or accidentally breaking SSL certificate validation, offer support for extended features such as SSL Pinning and different SSL validation infrastructures, and protect users. We evaluated our solution against 13,500 popular Android apps and conducted developer interviews to judge the acceptance of our approach and found that our solution works well for all investigated apps and developers.
CDOSim: Simulating cloud deployment options for software migration support (2012)

The evaluation of competing cloud deployment options (CDOs) forms a major challenge when migrating software systems to cloud environments. For example, there exists a plethora of potential cloud provider candidates, components must be mapped to suitable virtual machine instances, and, to exploit elasticity, appropriate runtime adaptation strategies for specific usage profiles have to be defined. But analyzing potential CDOs manually is intractable, costly, and time-consuming due to the heterogeneity of the cloud environments and the overall combinatorial design space complexity. We present the simulation tool CDOSim that can simulate cost and performance properties of those CDOs. It builds upon and significantly extends the cloud simulator CloudSim and integrates into our cloud migration framework CloudMIG. Additionally, we created a cloud benchmark to augment CloudMIG's cloud environment models with provider-specific performance characteristics. Along with this simulation input, CDOSim utilizes reverse-engineered architectural models and can employ actual monitored workload. We report on extensive experiments incorporating Eucalyptus and Amazon EC2 which show that CDOSim can sufficiently accurate predict the cost and performance properties of CDOs.
Folding Pattern of a Succinyl and a Glutaric Glycine Derivative in Chloroform (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTFolding Pattern of a Succinyl and a Glutaric Glycine Derivative in ChloroformBenjamin W. Gung and Zhaohai ZhuView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 19, 6482–6483Publication Date (Web):September 20, 1996Publication History Received27 June 1996Published online20 September 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9612077Copyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views104Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (100 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Amides,Conformation,Infrared light,Noncovalent interactions,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Starch‐derived polyelectrolytes as builders in heavy duty detergent formulations (1970)

Abstract A study was made of some carboxylated starches as builders in detergent formulations that contained linear alkylbenzene sulfonate. Two types of standard soiled cotton were used with water at 300 ppm hardness. Dicarboxyl starches and carboxymethyl starches having approximately two carboxyl groups per monomer unit were as effective as sodium tripolyphosphate on an equal weight basis in the detergent formulation. In a five‐day biochemical oxygen demand test these products showed low biodegradability.
The Effect of Alkyl Substituents on the Properties of Cured Hydantoin Epoxy Resins (1979)

Hydantoin epoxy resins having glycidyl groups in the 1- and 3-positions and one or two alkyl groups in the 5-position were prepared by the Bücherer reaction, followed by treatment with epichlorohydrin. These resins were crosslinked with hexahydrophthalic anhydride to examine the effect of alkyl substituents on the glass transition temperatures of the cured systems. Higher alkyl substituents shielded the hydantoin rings and gave lower glass temperatures. The same shielding effect was observed in the reduced hydrophilicity of higher alkyl-substituted hydantoin epoxy resins cured with triethylenetetramine. Steric factors - branching at or close to the hydantoin ring - raised the glass transition temperature while maintaining the shielding effect. Amines of different structures were used as room temperature curatives with a few representative resins, to observe the effect on hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance. Solvent effects were examined on aromatic amine-cured resins; the most hydrophilic cured system proved to have the broadest range of lyophobicity.
Effect of Plant Spacing on Yield and Yield Components of Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.) in Shewarobit, Central Ethiopia (2020)

Inappropriate spacing is one of the major problems in tomato production at the study area. A field experiment was conducted to determine inter- and intrarow plant spacing for yield and yield components of tomato at Shewarobit, central rift valley of Ethiopia, under irrigation condition. The treatment comprises of three intrarow spacing (20, 30, and 40 cm) and four interrow spacing (60, 80, 100, and 120 cm) replicated three times and arranged in randomized complete block design using tomato variety Weyno. Data collected on fruit yield and yield components were analysed using SAS. The main effect of interrow spacing significantly affected marketable fruit, unmarketable fruit, marketable fruit number, unmarketable fruit number, and fruit diameter. The 20 cm interrow spacing showed a marked increase in marketable fruit yield by 35.96% as compared to 30 cm spacing used by farmers. Planting tomato in closer interrow spacing (60 cm) resulted in 50% yield increment than the widest (120 cm) space between rows. Interaction effects of both inter- and intrarow spacing significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) affected plant height and fruit length. An intrarow and interrow spacing of 20 ∗ 100 cm and 20 ∗ 120 cm resulted in tallest plants and widest fruits, respectively. Therefore, farmers can use 20 cm intrarow spacing and 60 cm interrow spacing for planting of tomato seedling of Weyno variety.
Invasive Infections Caused by Haemophilus influenzae Serotypes in Twelve Canadian IMPACT Centers, 1996–2001 (2007)

In 1996-2001, two-thirds of H. influenzae invasive disease in the 12 IMPACT centers was caused by non-b serotypes, which were associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
Cloning and Sequence Analysis of a Protease-encoding Gene from the Marine Bacterium<i>Alteromonas</i>sp. Strain O-7 (1996)

The gene (aprI) encoding alkaline serine protease (AprI; subtilase) from Alteromonas sp. strain O-7 was cloned and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence of aprI has been identified. The deduced amino acid sequence indicated that aprI codes for a precursor of 715 amino acids and the precursor is composed of four regions including a signal peptide, an N-terminal pro-region, a mature protease region and a C-terminal extension region of 215 amino acids as previously described for aprII [H. Tsujibo et al., Gene, 136, 247-251 (1993)]. The amino acid sequence of the mature AprI (AprI-M) showed high sequence homology with those of other class I subtilases. The C-terminal region was characterized by a repeat of 94 amino acids residues, which showed about 50% similarity with those of the C-terminal pro-region of several known proteases from Gram-negative bacteria.
Animal models of cartilage repair (2014)

Cartilage repair in terms of replacement, or regeneration of damaged or diseased articular cartilage with functional tissue, is the 'holy grail' of joint surgery. A wide spectrum of strategies for cartilage repair currently exists and several of these techniques have been reported to be associated with successful clinical outcomes for appropriately selected indications. However, based on respective advantages, disadvantages, and limitations, no single strategy, or even combination of strategies, provides surgeons with viable options for attaining successful long-term outcomes in the majority of patients. As such, development of novel techniques and optimisation of current techniques need to be, and are, the focus of a great deal of research from the basic science level to clinical trials. Translational research that bridges scientific discoveries to clinical application involves the use of animal models in order to assess safety and efficacy for regulatory approval for human use. This review article provides an overview of animal models for cartilage repair. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2014;4:89-94.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv1302 and Mycobacterium smegmatis MSMEG___4947 have WecA function and MSMEG__4947 is required for the growth of M. smegmatis (2010)

The disaccharide d-N-acetylglucosamine-l-rhamnose plays an important role in the mycobacterial cell wall as a linker connecting arabinogalactan and peptidoglycan via a phosphodiester linkage. The first step of the disaccharide linker is the formation of decaprenyl phosphate-GlcNAc, which is catalyzed by GlcNAc-1-phosphate transferase. In Gram-negative bacteria, the wecA gene specifies the UDP-GlcNAc: undecaprenyl phosphate GlcNAc-1-phosphate transferase (WecA), which catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide O-antigen. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv1302 and Mycobacterium smegmatis MSMEG_4947 show homology to Escherichia coli WecA protein. We cloned Rv1302 and MSMEG_4947 and introduced plasmids pYJ-1 (carrying Rv1302) and pYJ-2 (carrying MSMEG_4947) into a wecA-defective strain of E. coli MV501, respectively. Lipopolysaccharide analysis demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide synthesis in MV501 (pYJ-1) and MV501 (pYJ-2) was restored upon complementation with Rv1302 and MSMEG_4947, respectively. This provides the first evidence that Rv1302 and MSMEG_4947 have the same function as E. coli WecA. We also generated an M. smegmatis MSMEG_4947 knockout mutant using a homologous recombination strategy. The disruption of MSMEG_4947 in the M. smegmatis genome resulted in the loss of viability at a nonpermissive temperature. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy results showed that the lack of the MSMEG_4947 protein causes drastic morphological changes in M. smegmatis.
End-To-End Deep Learning Architecture for Continuous Blood Pressure Estimation Using Attention Mechanism (2020)

Blood pressure (BP) is a vital sign that provides fundamental health information regarding patients. Continuous BP monitoring is important for patients with hypertension. Various studies have proposed cuff-less BP monitoring methods using pulse transit time. We propose an end-to-end deep learning architecture using only raw signals without the process of extracting features to improve the BP estimation performance using the attention mechanism. The proposed model consisted of a convolutional neural network, a bidirectional gated recurrent unit, and an attention mechanism. The model was trained by a calibration-based method, using the data of each subject. The performance of the model was compared to the model that used each combination of the three signals, and the model with the attention mechanism showed better performance than other state-of-the-art methods, including conventional linear regression method using pulse transit time (PTT). A total of 15 subjects were recruited, and electrocardiogram, ballistocardiogram, and photoplethysmogram levels were measured. The 95% confidence interval of the reference BP was [86.34, 143.74] and [51.28, 88.74] for systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP), respectively. The R 2 values were 0.52 and 0.49, and the mean-absolute-error values were 4.06 ± 4.04 and 3.33 ± 3.42 for SBP and DBP, respectively. In addition, the results complied with global standards. The results show the applicability of the proposed model as an analytical metric for BP estimation.
Control of near-field intensity of laser beam based on adaptive optics (2010)

In two-deformablemirror adaptive optics systems, the outing main laser compared to the beacon light should have the same amplitude distribution and conjugated phase, and when the main laser reaches the target with the same distribution as the beacon light from the target, the main laser’s amplitude and phase have been corrected. According to the two-deformable-mirror adaptive optics technology, this paper presents a method based on adaptive optics system to control the nearfield intensity of laser beam, and experimentally validates the feasibility of the two-deformable-mirror technology. This method uses the Hartmann-Shack(H-S) wave-front sensor to detect the wave-front information, which is utilized in the control of the deformable mirror to achieve near-field intensity control over
Crosstalk and Reflections in High Speed Digital Systems (1899)

Present state-of-the-art computer circuits have signal transition time and propogation delays on the same order of magnitude as the interconnection delay between them. At these speeds it is mandatory that the transmission line properties of the interconnection media be considered. This permits the designer of high-speed digital equipment to include the effects of signal reflection on his system.
Parameters of self-organization in<i>Hydra</i>aggregates (2000)

Self-organization has been demonstrated in a variety of systems ranging from chemical-molecular to ecosystem levels, and evidence is accumulating that it is also fundamental for animal development. Yet, self-organization can be approached experimentally in only a few animal systems. Cells isolated from the simple metazoan Hydra can aggregate and form a complete animal by self-organization. By using this experimental system, we found that clusters of 5-15 epithelial cells are necessary and sufficient to form de novo head-organizing centers in an aggregate. Such organizers presumably arise by a community effect from a small number of cells that express the conserved HyBra1 and HyWnt genes. These local sources then act to pattern and instruct the surrounding cells as well as generate a field of lateral inhibition that ranges up to 1,000 microm. We propose that conserved patterning systems in higher animals originate from extremely robust and flexible molecular self-organizing systems that were selected for during early metazoan evolution.
Characteristics of tyrosinase in AOT–isooctane reverse micelles (1989)

Isooctane-AOT-H(2)O is a suitable system for studying enzyme behavior in organic solvents. Tyrosinase was able to catalyze a well-known reaction in aqueous medium: oxidation of 4-methylcatechol to yield 4-methyl-o-benzoquinone. This reaction was studied using the preceding ternary system with adequate amounts of each component to make up reverse micelles. 4-Methyl-o-benzoquinone stability was demonstrated in isooctane even at alkaline pH values. Apparent K(m) and V(max) were similar to those in water, but substrate inhibition was more evident. The pH and temperature appear to be shifted toward high and low values, respectively. Characteristic parameters of reverse micelles, omega(0) (= H(2)O/AOT) and percentage of H(2)O (v/v), were investigated. The results obtained showed that the steady-state rate varies either with omega(0) or with percentage of H(2)O. The variation observed with omega(0) showed an optimal value while an increase in percentage of H(2)O can lead to decreased or increased activity depending on substrate concentration.
Quality Assurance of Polymeric Materials and Products (1984)

Description Examines the development of working system for quality assurance and describes typical methods used to monitor the production of plastic materials and products. Also includes a section on applying quality assurance techniques to the production of plastic pipes.
Unstable Intermediates in the Gaseous Phase: The Thermal Decomposition of Acyl Chlorides RCOCI (1977)

An unusual application of PE spectroscopy is the optimization of gas-phase reactions. Photoelectron spectrometers provide “fingerprints” of molecules in the form of ionization band patterns. Gas-phase formation of ketene by elimination of HCl from acetyl chloride serves as an example. Information about the reaction mechanism can be obtained, e.g. from the PE spectrum of the residual gas(CO,CH4) which does not condense at −190°C.
Production of Sophorolipids from <i>Candida bombicola</i> ATCC 22214 Using Turkish Corn Oil and Honey (2005)

Abstract The ability of Candida bombicola ATCC 22214 to produce sophorolipids using Turkish corn oil and honey was investigated. Shake flask experiments were carried out both with and without the addition of glucose as the second carbon source. The organism could produce sophorolipids under both conditions but higher production was obtained when corn oil was combined with glucose. The 3 L bioreactor was first operated in batch mode, using both corn oil and glucose. When all the glucose was consumed, 1 / 4 th of the broth was pumped out and was replaced by freshly prepared medium containing 10 % [w/v] of cheap market honey as the sole carbon source. Feed was comprised of corn oil. High concentrations of sophorolipids (&&num;62; 400 g/L) were produced. The crude products obtained from the batch cultivation could be solidified as very light brown solids when unused oil was removed by hexane, while the products of the two‐stage cultivation remained as viscous, honey‐like liquids after identical treatments.
Performance of 112Gbit/s RF-assisted multi-carrier DP-16-QAM in a transparent optical domain (2011)

We investigate the tolerance to narrowband filtering and nonlinear propagation of 112Gbit/s and its suitability to a 50GHz DWDM system. This format is a potential alternative to more complex modulation formats for optical meshed networks.
An observation-based admission control algorithm for multimedia servers (1994)

Proposes a novel observation-based admission control algorithm, in which a client is admitted for service by a multimedia server only if the predicted extrapolation from the status quo measurements of the storage server utilization indicate that the service requirements of all the clients can be met satisfactorily. The performance of the admission control algorithm, and hence, the number of clients admitted and serviced simultaneously are maximized by employing a disk scheduling algorithm that minimizes both seek and rotational latency incurred while accessing a sequence of media blocks from disk. The effectiveness of the observation-based admission control algorithm is demonstrated through extensive simulations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>