gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
c-<i>kit</i> expression by B cell precursors in mouse bone marrow. Stimulation of B cell genesis by in vivo treatment with anti-c-<i>kit</i> antibody. (1994)

To examine the in vivo role of c-kit receptor in B lymphopoiesis we have evaluated precursor B cell populations expressing c-kit in mouse bone marrow and the effects on B cell genesis of administering a neutralizing anti-c-kit mAb, ACK2. Double immunofluorescence labeling and mitotic arrest were used to examine bone marrow cells from BALB/c mice. Almost one-half of TdT+ cells and one-quarter of B220+ cells coexpressed c-kit, mainly at low intensities, and were actively proliferating in vivo. c-kit+ cells that lacked B lineage markers expressed c-kit in high intensities and entered mitosis at an exceptionally rapid rate. In ACK2-treated mice, erythroid and granulocytic cells were almost completely absent from the bone marrow, whereas, in contrast, B lymphopoiesis was stimulated. Pre-B cells expressing cytoplasmic mu-chains; as well as TdT+B220+ cells before mu expression, were increased two- to fourfold in number and production rate. IgM-bearing B lymphocytes were increased in bone marrow and spleen. The results demonstrate that many early precursor B cells in mouse bone marrow constitutively express c-kit receptor. The failure of ACK2 treatment to block B lymphopoiesis, however, suggests that c-kit receptor function is not essential for precursor B cell development in vivo, but can be replaced by alternative signaling systems. The stimulation of B cell genesis by ACK2 treatment may reflect a conferred advantage in the competition for microenvironmental factors which underlies the balance between B lymphopoiesis and other hemopoietic lineages in vivo.
Peptidylglycine <i>α</i>‐amidating monooxygenase: A multifunctional protein with catalytic, processing, and routing domains (1993)

Peptide alpha-amidation is a widespread, often essential posttranslational modification shared by many bioactive peptides and accomplished by the products of a single gene encoding a multifunctional protein, peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PAM). PAM has two catalytic domains that work sequentially to produce the final alpha-amidated product peptide. Tissue-specific alternative splicing can generate forms of PAM retaining or lacking a domain required for the posttranslational separation of the two catalytic activities by endoproteases found in neuroendocrine tissue. Tissue-specific alternative splicing also governs the presence of a transmembrane domain and generation of integral membrane or soluble forms of PAM. The COOH-terminal domain of the integral membrane PAM proteins contains routing information essential for the retrieval of PAM from the surface of endocrine and nonendocrine cells. Tissue-specific endoproteolytic processing can generate soluble PAM proteins from integral membrane precursors. Soluble PAM proteins are rapidly secreted from stably transfected nonneuroendocrine cells but are stored in the regulated secretory granules characteristic of neurons and endocrine cells.
Comparison of a jet separator and an open splitter as an interface between a multi-capillary gas chromatographic column and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (2000)

A gas chromatographic/time-of-flight mass spectrometric (GC/TOFMS) interface is being developed for fast on-line analysis utilizing multi-capillary column technology. A variable gap-distance jet separator has been constructed and its performance compared with that of a commercially supplied post-column open splitter recommended for use between the multi-capillary column and a mass spectrometer. Both interfaces were found to be compatible with the GC/TOFMS system at high carrier gas flow-rates, facilitating high-speed and high-resolution separations. The systems were investigated and tested with a mixture of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with molecular masses from 85 to 166: dichloromethane, toluene, m-dichlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene and tetrachloroethylene. The optimum tip-to-tip gap distance corresponding to the highest efficiency of the jet separator was found to be 0.030 mm for each compound at carrier gas flow-rates of 20, 40 and 60 ml min−1 giving, in the ion source housing, ion gauge pressure readings of 1.6 × 10−6, 5.0 × 10−6 and 5.8 × 10−6 mbar, respectively. The efficiency of the jet separator (10–30% yields) was significantly higher than that of the open splitter (6–9% yields). The observation that the open splitter did not provide a constant flow-rate to the ion source was not in agreement with the manufacturer's specifications. A method for measuring the gas flow-rates in all parts of the equipment is described. The correlation between yield in the jet separator and molecular mass for the heterogeneous set of compounds studied was found to be less linear than usually reported for homologous series of compounds in jet separator studies. The result suggests that the pressure conditions in the jet may be sufficient for the separation process to be partly controlled by diffusion rather than predominately by effusion. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self-Assembly of Gels through Molecular Recognition of Cyclodextrins: Shape Selectivity for Linear and Cyclic Guest Molecules (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUECommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTSelf-Assembly of Gels through Molecular Recognition of Cyclodextrins: Shape Selectivity for Linear and Cyclic Guest MoleculesHiroyasu Yamaguchi†, Ryosuke Kobayashi†, Yoshinori Takashima†, Akihito Hashidzume†, and Akira Harada*†‡View Author Information† Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan‡ Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Macromolecules 2011, 44, 8, 2395–2399Publication Date (Web):March 25, 2011Publication History Received21 February 2011Revised18 March 2011Published online25 March 2011Published inissue 26 April 2011https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma200398yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma200398yrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4123Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Cadmium sulfide,Noncovalent interactions,Self organization,Stress,Supramolecular chemistry Get e-Alerts
Comparison of conventional and enhanced mass resolution triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometers for discovery bioanalytical applications (2003)

A new triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS) system with enhanced resolution capabilities has recently become available. In order to evaluate the performance of this new instrument for drug discovery assays, both the linearity and the limit of detection were compared in the positive electrospray ionization (ESI) mode with those of a conventional triple-quadrupole instrument supplied by the same manufacturer. For these studies, spiked mouse plasma standard samples were split and assayed by each instrument, which allowed for a direct comparison of the two systems. In the unit mass resolution mode, the new mass spectrometer was found to be at least ten-fold more sensitive than the conventional instrument. The sensitivity of the new mass spectrometer under the enhanced mass resolution mode was found to be even better by another factor of two. For the test compound, the linear dynamic range was found to be 0.05-5000 ng/mL for the new instrument as compared with 2.5-5000 ng/mL for the conventional mass spectrometer.
Parallel Programming for FPGAs (2018)

This book focuses on the use of algorithmic high-level synthesis (HLS) to build application-specific FPGA systems. Our goal is to give the reader an appreciation of the process of creating an optimized hardware design using HLS. Although the details are, of necessity, different from parallel programming for multicore processors or GPUs, many of the fundamental concepts are similar. For example, designers must understand memory hierarchy and bandwidth, spatial and temporal locality of reference, parallelism, and tradeoffs between computation and storage. This book is a practical guide for anyone interested in building FPGA systems. In a university environment, it is appropriate for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses. At the same time, it is also useful for practicing system designers and embedded programmers. The book assumes the reader has a working knowledge of C/C++ and includes a significant amount of sample code. In addition, we assume familiarity with basic computer architecture concepts (pipelining, speedup, Amdahl's Law, etc.). A knowledge of the RTL-based FPGA design flow is helpful, although not required.
Development and Performance Evaluation of a Solar Powered Cool Chamber for Short-Term Storage of Vegetables (2016)

Farmers in the rural areas often sell their products to the middleman or in the local market at low price due to lack of transportation facility, shortage of electric supply and lack of investment on storage. They are not even able to get the return of the invested money in cultivating vegetables or fruits. Lack of onfarm storage facility, therefore, compels the growers to go for the distress sales of their produce, ultimately resulting into reduced net profit to them. There is therefore, the need of a low cost storage system which can be operated on a reliable and environment-friendly energy source for short-term storage of the perishable horticultural produces in a small scale at farmer's own level. An attempt has thus been made in this study to develop and evaluate a solar photovoltaic powered cool chamber of about 100 kg capacity for short term storage of vegetables in order to avoid distress sale among the growers, majority of them is coming under small and marginal farmers category. The cool chamber was fabricated in the Dept. of Farm Machinery and Power, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha and its performance was evaluated for studying the storability of tomato during peak summer period i.e. April-May 2015. It was found that the shelf-life of tomato was enhanced to 12 days during summer season by maintaining temperatures in the range of 14–16°C and humidity in the range of 83–94% in the cool chamber developed for the study.
A Phase I Clinical Study of a Live Attenuated Bordetella pertussis Vaccine - BPZE1; A Single Centre, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Escalating Study of BPZE1 Given Intranasally to Healthy Adult Male Volunteers (2014)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01188512.
Neuroscience, History and the Arts Synesthesia: Is F-Sharp Colored Violet? (2004)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKeywords: synesthesiavisual artcolor perceptionsensory deficitachromatopsia
A 3.6 GHz Low-Noise Fractional-N Digital PLL Using SAR-ADC-Based TDC (2016)

This paper presents a fractional-N digital phase-locked loop (PLL) that achieves low in-band phase noise. Phase detection is carried out by a proposed 10-bit, 0.8 ps resolution time-to-digital converter (TDC) using a charge pump and a successive-approximation-register analog-to-digital converter (SAR-ADC) with low power and small area. The latency of the TDC is addressed by the designed building blocks. The fractional spurs are reduced by dual-loop least-mean-square (LMS) calibration. A ΔΣ-less and MOS varactor-less LC digitally-controlled oscillator (DCO) is proposed whose frequency resolution is enhanced to 7 kHz (or a unit variable capacitance of 2.6 aF) using a bridging capacitor technique. A prototype chip is fabricated using a 65 nm CMOS process, occupying an active area of 0.38 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and consuming a power of 9.7 mW at a reference frequency of 50 MHz. The measured in-band phase noise is 107.8 dBc/Hz to 110.0 dBc/Hz with a loop bandwidth of 1 to 5 MHz.
Treatment Reclamation and Disposal Options for Drilling Muds and Cuttings (1986)

ABSTRACT Concerns about the environmental impact of offshore drilling discharges have resulted in increasingly stringent conditions being imposed in general NPDES permits for the OCS areas. Similarly there is increasing concern for the potential adverse impact of drilling mud on ground water. Impending prohibitions (EPA) on the discharge of muds or cuttings contaminated with diesel oil or containing "high trace metal" barites underscore the degree of concern. As a consequence, increasingly large volumes of mud and cuttings are being transported to shore for treatment and disposal. The principal methods of mud and cuttings disposal are reviewed and the potential environmental impact assessed. A novel approach to the reclamation and disposal of drilling muds is presented. The treatment process developed employs mechanical solids – liquid separation; chemical stabilization and fixation of solids; and chemical coagulation/flocculation of the effluent to meet water quality discharge criteria or for re-use in mud formulation. The process can accommodate water-base and oil-base muds (OBM) and cuttings. Oil from OBM is recycled and used for mud formulation. Factors influencing the effectiveness of polymers in removing dispersed solids and heavy metals were investigated and comparative cost data for different treatment regimes employing polymers and/or polyvalent metal salts developed.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of ramosetron to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. (2014)

e20650 Background: Chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is one of the most concerning adverse effects from cytotoxic chemotherapy. Despite appropriate use of antiemetic guidelines, 20-30 % of patients experience breakthrough nausea and vomiting secondary to chemotherapy. This study was prospectively conducted to determine the optimal concentration of ramosetron to prevent CINV based on pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) using Rhodes index (RI) as a clinical parameter. Methods: Patients who treated FOLFOX adjuvant chemotherapy after colon cancer surgery were randomized into three groups following as ramosetron 0.3mg (standard dose), 0.45mg and 0.6mg intravenously before chemotherapy. Plasma concentration of ramosetron was measured at 10min, 1hr, 6hrs, 24hrs and 48hrs and patients were evaluated the Rhodes Index of nausea, vomiting and retching (RINVR) to grade CINV at each time. Results: Fifty-one patients were enrolled in this study and one patient decided to refuse, so data from fifty patients were analyzed. The serious AE was not shown according to dose escalation. PK parameters were approximately dose-proportional (Table). In correlation analysis, AUClast is significantly associated with dose escalation (p=0.022) and it trends to reverse correlation to RINVR (p=0.061) according to dose level. When the patients divided into two groups based on median AUClast, patients in higher level of AUClast showed significantly improved RINVR score than lower level of AUClast (p=0.048). Conclusions: Ramosetron showed generally dose-proportional PK parameters and this study suggested that higher dose of ramosetron could be used to improve CINV in subsequent cycle of chemotherapy. Also RINVR is important tool for assessing of CINV to predict optimal antiemetic use, therefore individual approach for managing of CINV is needed. 0.3mg (N=17) 0.45mg (N=15) 0.6mg (N=18) Tmax(h) 0.17 0.17 0.17 Cmax(ng/ml) 3.2±0.98 4.9±2.19 7.3±4.43 AUClast(ng.h/ml) 16.5±5.1 23.0±8.95 28.1±10.23
CMP process for selectively-grown carbon nanotubes in via structure (2014)

We have developed a CMP process providing a short polishing time and sufficient uniformity that is applicable to 300 mm scale carbon nanotube (CNT) via integration. To achieve our target, we have developed a new CMP process to make selectively grown CNT in a via hole. Spin on carbon (SOC)film was coated to protect nickel (Ni) catalyst and titanium nitride (TiN) film inside the via hole during SOC-CMP. The SOC-CMP process was used to perform two-step polishing to remove Ni catalyst and TiN film from the field area. CNT-CMP polishing time was reduced from 1690 sec to 200 sec and the yield ratio improved to 100%. CNT-CMP performance improved to a level usable for practical use by selectively growing CNT only from the via. We also evaluated the behavior of CNT-CMP during polishing using a damascene pattern wafer. Step height (Step height means a step between the wiring area and field area) occurred when CNT-SOG (spin-on glass) composite film was appeared upper the via hole but was reduced by concentrating the polishing pressure to project the CNT-SOG composite film. This result indicates that CNT-SOG composite film was polished by mechanical force.
Variational Message Passing (2005)

Bayesian inference is now widely established as one of the principal foundations for machine learning. In practice, exact inference is rarely possible, and so a variety of approximation techniques have been developed, one of the most widely used being a deterministic framework called variational inference. In this paper we introduce Variational Message Passing (VMP), a general purpose algorithm for applying variational inference to Bayesian Networks. Like belief propagation, VMP proceeds by sending messages between nodes in the network and updating posterior beliefs using local operations at each node. Each such update increases a lower bound on the log evidence (unless already at a local maximum). In contrast to belief propagation, VMP can be applied to a very general class of conjugate-exponential models because it uses a factorised variational approximation. Furthermore, by introducing additional variational parameters, VMP can be applied to models containing non-conjugate distributions. The VMP framework also allows the lower bound to be evaluated, and this can be used both for model comparison and for detection of convergence. Variational message passing has been implemented in the form of a general purpose inference engine called VIBES ('Variational Inference for BayEsian networkS') which allows models to be specified graphically and then solved variationally without recourse to coding.
Computer-aided assessment of breast density: comparison of supervised deep learning and feature-based statistical learning (2017)

Breast density is one of the most significant factors that is associated with cancer risk. In this study, our purpose was to develop a supervised deep learning approach for automated estimation of percentage density (PD) on digital mammograms (DMs). The input 'for processing' DMs was first log-transformed, enhanced by a multi-resolution preprocessing scheme, and subsampled to a pixel size of 800 µm × 800 µm from 100 µm × 100 µm. A deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) was trained to estimate a probability map of breast density (PMD) by using a domain adaptation resampling method. The PD was estimated as the ratio of the dense area to the breast area based on the PMD. The DCNN approach was compared to a feature-based statistical learning approach. Gray level, texture and morphological features were extracted and a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator was used to combine the features into a feature-based PMD. With approval of the Institutional Review Board, we retrospectively collected a training set of 478 DMs and an independent test set of 183 DMs from patient files in our institution. Two experienced mammography quality standards act radiologists interactively segmented PD as the reference standard. Ten-fold cross-validation was used for model selection and evaluation with the training set. With cross-validation, DCNN obtained a Dice's coefficient (DC) of 0.79 ± 0.13 and Pearson's correlation (r) of 0.97, whereas feature-based learning obtained DC = 0.72 ± 0.18 and r = 0.85. For the independent test set, DCNN achieved DC = 0.76 ± 0.09 and r = 0.94, while feature-based learning achieved DC = 0.62 ± 0.21 and r = 0.75. Our DCNN approach was significantly better and more robust than the feature-based learning approach for automated PD estimation on DMs, demonstrating its potential use for automated density reporting as well as for model-based risk prediction.
L'Albanais : un type de vieillissement (1970)

David Jean. L'Albanais : un type de vieillissement . In: Revue de géographie alpine, tome 58, n°3, 1970. pp. 515-521.
Combined Surface Display and Reformatting for the Three-Dimensional Analysis of Tomographic Data (1987)

Radiologic examinations increasingly are based on sequences of cross-sectional images. In current clinical applications, the three-dimensional (3D) relationships contained in these examinations must be inferred by the observer through analysis of multiple two-dimensional (2D) images. In this article, methods for the direct display of 3D gray-level data are investigated. In the chosen approach, the 3D presentation of bone and skin surface serves to orient the viewer, while planar reformation and/or transparent projections can be applied for the assessment of soft-tissue structures in regions of interest. The resulting images represent the original image data in a way that is more suitable for observation of 3D relationships than the conventional cross-sectional viewing mode. This may facilitate the diagnostic process and enhance the interpretability of the images. Routine clinical application of this technique requires special computer hardware. Research applications, however, can be performed within tolerable times (10-30 sec/view) with computers found in radiologic research environments.