gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Role of α<sub>1</sub> Protease Inhibitor (α<sub>1</sub> Antitrypsin) in the Regulation of Immunologic and Inflammatory Reactions (1980)

Twenty-six different alleles have been identified for alpha 1 protease inhibitor (alpha 1 antitrypsin), each designated by a letter of the alphabet. In any individual two alleles codominantly determine the characteristics of alpha 1 protease inhibitor (Pi), including mobility on electrophoresis, serum concentration and acute phase response. Recent evidence has linked some mildly deficient phenotypes of Pi with a variety of chronic immunologic and inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile chronic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis, uveitis, asthma and fibrosing alveolitis, in addition to the well recognised association of severe deficiency with emphysema and chronic liver disease. This disease susceptibility in phenotypes associated with reduced serum levels may be due to alteration in lymphocyte responses, complement activation and leukocyte migration. Pi can also influence the autolytic effects of leukocytic enzymes on tissues and may inhibit some aspects of coagulation and fibrinolysis. Therefore patients with deficient Pi phenotypes are likely to have exaggerated immunologic and inflammatory responses.
Stabilization and Localization of Xist RNA are Controlled by Separate Mechanisms and are Not Sufficient for X Inactivation (1998)

These studies address whether XIST RNA is properly localized to the X chromosome in somatic cells where human XIST expression is reactivated, but fails to result in X inactivation (Tinker, A.V., and C.J. Brown. 1998. Nucl. Acids Res. 26:2935-2940). Despite a nuclear RNA accumulation of normal abundance and stability, XIST RNA does not localize in reactivants or in naturally inactive human X chromosomes in mouse/ human hybrid cells. The XIST transcripts are fully stabilized despite their inability to localize, and hence XIST RNA localization can be uncoupled from stabilization, indicating that these are separate steps controlled by distinct mechanisms. Mouse Xist RNA tightly localized to an active X chromosome, demonstrating for the first time that the active X chromosome in somatic cells is competent to associate with Xist RNA. These results imply that species-specific factors, present even in mature, somatic cells that do not normally express Xist, are necessary for localization. When Xist RNA is properly localized to an active mouse X chromosome, X inactivation does not result. Therefore, there is not a strict correlation between Xist localization and chromatin inactivation. Moreover, expression, stabilization, and localization of Xist RNA are not sufficient for X inactivation. We hypothesize that chromosomal association of XIST RNA may initiate subsequent developmental events required to enact transcriptional silencing.
On the use of back propagation and radial basis function neural networks in surface roughness prediction (2016)

Various artificial neural networks types are examined and compared for the prediction of surface roughness in manufacturing technology. The aim of the study is to evaluate different kinds of neural networks and observe their performance and applicability on the same problem. More specifically, feed-forward artificial neural networks are trained with three different back propagation algorithms, namely the adaptive back propagation algorithm of the steepest descent with the use of momentum term, the back propagation Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm and the back propagation Bayesian algorithm. Moreover, radial basis function neural networks are examined. All the aforementioned algorithms are used for the prediction of surface roughness in milling, trained with the same input parameters and output data so that they can be compared. The advantages and disadvantages, in terms of the quality of the results, computational cost and time are identified. An algorithm for the selection of the spread constant is applied and tests are performed for the determination of the neural network with the best performance. The finally selected neural networks can satisfactorily predict the quality of the manufacturing process performed, through simulation and input–output surfaces for combinations of the input data, which correspond to milling cutting conditions.
Molecular characterization of mitofilin (HMP), a mitochondria-associated protein with predicted coiled coil and intermembrane space targeting domains (1996)

We have identified and characterized a human protein of the mitochondria which we call mitofilin. Using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, we have isolated cDNA clones and characterized mitofilin biochemically. It appears as a 90 and 91 kDa doublet in western blots and is translated from a single 2.7 kb mRNA. Antibodies raised against cellular and bacterially-expressed protein given identical cytoplasmic immunofluorescence and immunoblot results. Mitofilin co-localizes with mitochondria in immunofluorescence experiments and co-purifies with mitochondria. Double label studies show co-localization only with mitochondria and not with Golgi or endoplasmic reticulum. Co-localization with mitochondria is retained when actin or tubulin are de-polymerized, and mitofilin is expressed in all human cell types tested. The cDNA encodes a polypeptide with a central alpha-helical region with predicted coiled coil domains flanked by globular amino and carboxy termini. Unlike coiled coil motor proteins, mitofilin is resistant to detergent extraction. The presence of mitochondrial targeting and stop-transfer sequences, along with the accessibility of mitofilin to limited proteolysis suggests that it resides predominantly in the intermembrane space, consistent with immuno-electron micrographs which show mitofilin mainly at the mitochondrial periphery. The cDNA sequence of mitofilin is identical to that recently reported by Icho et al. (1994; Gene 144, 301-306) for a mRNA preferentially expressed in heart muscle (HMP), consistent with the high levels of mitochondria in cardiac myocytes.
Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidase involvement in defense against oxygen toxicity of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> (1992)

The growth inhibition of the Streptococcus mutans group, including Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus cricetus, Streptococcus rattus and Streptococcus sobrinus, on glucose by oxygen and the properties of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidase induced by oxygen, using a representative oxygen-tolerant strain, were examined. The growth response to oxygen varied among strains and correlated with the level of NADH oxidase activity in the cell extract. The induced synthesis of NADH oxidase as well as superoxide dismutase was affected by oxygen tension and energy sources. The induced NADH oxidase involved at least two types, major H2O-forming NADH oxidase and minor H2O2-forming NADH oxidase activity. In the presence of a scavenger of H2O2, pyruvate, the growth inhibition by oxygen in an oxygen-sensitive strain (GS5) was protected but not in another oxygen-sensitive strain (MT8148). The high level of induced H2O-forming NADH oxidase activity protected against oxygen toxicity.
Time-frequency code for multicarrier DS-CDMA systems (2003)

A novel trellis coded modulation scheme for a multicarrier DS-CDMA system is studied in this paper. Based on the concept of transmission diversity in the time-frequency domain, we propose a code design criterion that includes diversity gain and coding gain. In terms of the proposed criterion, we can search for codes that have larger coding gain while keeping the maximum diversity. Results show that the bit error rate performance of the system with the novel trellis coded modulation is much better than that of the traditional system while not occupying additional spectral bandwidth.
Aggregation-Induced Emissions of Fluorenonearylamine Derivatives:  A New Kind of Materials for Nondoped Red Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (2008)

A new kind of fluorenonearylamine derivatives possessing vagarious red-emitting aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics was reported for the first time. On the basis of theoretical calculations and experimental results, the AIE was found to originate from the unique dimer (excimer) specifically in the aggregates. In the crystals of both compounds, every two molecules are bond together by intermolecular O···H or C···C bonds to form particular dimers. In virtue of their nice solid-state red fluorescence, nondoped red-light OLEDs based on these AIE-active materials were fabricated. The devices exhibited low turn-on voltages of about 3 V, luminescence of 14135 and 4813 cd m-2, and efficiencies of 1.40 and 0.35 lm W-1 based on the two materials. The results demonstrated that such AIE-active materials are promising candidates for nondoped red emission OLED applications.
Plant Nematodes of Agricultural Importance: A Color Handbook (2006)

Plant Nematode Biology and Parasitism. Grain Legumes. Vegetables. Flower Crops. Cereals. Root and Tuber Crops. Tree and Plantation Crops. Collection, Extraction, and Preservation of Plant Nematode for Diagnosis.
Machado-Joseph disease in pedigrees of Azorean descent is linked to chromosome 14. (1994)

A locus for Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) has recently been mapped to a 30-cM region of chromosome 14q in five pedigrees of Japanese descent. MJD is a clinically pleomorphic neurodegenerative disease that was originally described in subjects of Azorean descent. In light of the nonallelic heterogeneity in other inherited spinocerebellar ataxias, we were interested to determine if the MJD phenotype in Japanese and Azorean pedigrees arose from mutations at the same locus. We provide evidence that MJD in five pedigrees of Azorean descent is also linked to chromosome 14q in an 18-cM region between the markers D14S67 and AACT (multipoint lod score +7.00 near D14S81). We also report molecular evidence for homozygosity at the MJD locus in an MJD-affected subject with severe, early-onset symptoms. These observations confirm the initial report of linkage of MJD to chromosome 14; suggest that MJD in Japanese and Azorean subjects may represent allelic or identical mutations at the same locus; and provide one possible explanation (MJD gene dosage) for the observed phenotypic heterogeneity in this disease.
Byzantine Fault-Tolerant Web Services for n-Tier and Service Oriented Architectures (2008)

Mission-critical services must be replicated to guarantee correctness and high availability in spite of arbitrary (Byzantine) faults. Traditional Byzantine fault tolerance protocols suffer from several major limitations. Some protocols do not support interoperability between replicated services. Other protocols provide poor fault isolation between services leading to cascading failures across organizational and application boundaries. Moreover, traditional protocols are unsuitable for applications with tiered architectures, long-running threads of computation, or asynchronous interaction between services. We present Perpetual, a protocol that supports Byzantine fault-tolerant execution of replicated services while enforcing strict fault isolation. Perpetual enables interaction between replicated services that may invoke and process remote requests asynchronously in long-running threads of computation. We present a modular implementation, an Axis2 Web Services extension, and experimental results that demonstrate only a moderate overhead due to replication.
High-radix symbolic substitution and superposition techniques for optical matrix algebraic computations (1992)

This paper presents a new 3-D digit-plane optical architecture for massively parallel matrix computations. This architecture decomposes matrix-structured data into digit planes using high-radix number representation and performs fast arithmetic on digit planes, exploiting spatial parallelism. While arithmetic operations are carried out using symbolic substitution, data manipulation operations (permutation, rotation, and translations) are carried out in parallel by a data manipulator using freespace optical interconnections. A new symbolic superposition technique is proposed to implement logical and set-theoretic operations on matrix-structured data in optics. The potential ofthis architecture is demonstrated to support structured matrix algebraic computation. We derive the complexity of symbolic substitution and symbolic superposition rules for radix-r arithmetic. The representational efficiency and the projected speed gain of high-radix arithmetic are compared against binary electronic matrix arithmetic.
A windmill-shaped loop antenna for polarization diversity (2007)

Over the last several decades, the small loop antenna has been studied by many researchers. It has been used as paging antenna, AM receiving antenna and probe for measuring the EM field. These days, it is also studied to implement polarization diversity which means that both antennas have the orthogonal polarization, same radiation pattern and high polarization purity. In general, the small loop antenna has a total wire length of less than one-tenth of wavelength and uniform current distribution. A size restriction of the small loop antenna causes its low efficiency. Therefore, techniques such as extra matching circuit and multi-turn were used to improve performance. However, the matching circuit which uses the lumped capacitor and resistor increases loss of the antenna. Also, conventional small loop antennas were mainly implemented at low frequency due to the size restriction. In this paper, a windmill-shaped small loop antenna is proposed at 2.6 GHz. It has a total length which is several times greater than that of the conventional one and uniform current distribution and it needs no extra matching circuit. A return loss and a radiation pattern of the proposed antenna are investigated. Moreover, it is confirmed that it can be used as one of the duality antennas to implement polarization diversity. All simulation result are verified by CST MWS (Ver 5.0).
Safe microcontrollers with error protection encoder-decoder using bit-inversion techniques for on-chip flash integrity verification (2013)

The code memory integrity of embedded NOR flash memory in the microcontrollers is becoming important for applications requiring safety-critical operations like automotive ICs. Software-driven or hardware supports for the memory protection are required to guarantee the safe-conscious code execution of the downloaded firmware in microcontrollers. The protection method requires more power consumption in the ECC decoding for the code-words. In this paper, the protection hardware in the read-path of the embedded NOR flash memory in the microcontrollers chip is proposed to improve the power consumption with a small amount of logic gates overhead. The conventional error correction code (ECC) hardware data path is integrated with our newly-designed binary bit-inversion decoder with zero overhead inversion flags to decrease the power consumption in decoding the binary code blocks. The 1 bits error correction using 8 bits ECC parity code per 64 bits code blocks (72:64 SEC-DED) are applied to 64KB embedded NOR flash memory with the separated region of the flash memory for error correction padding bits.
Compact low-voltage CMOS current-mode multiplier/divider (2010)

A compact analog multiplier/divider circuit operating in current-mode is presented featuring low supply voltage, low area requirements and wide dynamic range. It is suited to standard digital CMOS processes and can be successfully employed in a wide range of analog signal processing applications. Measurement results for a 0.5μm CMOS test chip prototype are presented. The circuit consumes 120μW using a single supply voltage of 1.5V and requires a silicon area of 150μm × 140μm.
Cloning of multidrug resistance gene pqrA from Proteus vulgaris (1995)

The multiple antibiotic resistance gene pqrA was cloned from the chromosomal DNA of a clinical isolate of Proteus vulgaris 881051 into Escherichia coli KY2563. The MICs of quinolones tetracycline, cephalosporin, and chloramphenicol for transformant strain DNS7020 were from 8 to 32 times higher than those for the parent strain, KY2563. The level of expression of outer membrane protein F (OmpF) by DNS7020 was lower than that of KY2563 but not as low as that of an OmpF-deficient control strain. The 1.4-kb fragment containing the pqrA gene had an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 122 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of about 14,000, which was consistent with the experimental value identified by the Maxicell method. The putative PqrA polypeptide showed significant amino acid sequence similarity to the E. coli proteins SoxS and MarA. These polypeptides are strongly conserved in predicted helix-turn-helix DNA binding domains. The MarA protein, which is responsible for multiple antibiotic resistance in E. coli, also decreases OmpF expression. Moreover, the SoxS protein, which is characterized as a superoxide response regulon of E. coli, has also been shown to increase resistance to many structurally unrelated antibiotics. The soxS gene increases superoxide dismutase levels in addition to decreasing OmpF expression. The expression level of superoxide dismutase with DNS7020 was about 1.5 times higher than that with KY2563. These findings suggest that the pqrA gene in P. vulgaris confers multidrug resistance in a way similar to that of the soxS and marA genes in E. coli.
Primary Pulmonary Hypertension (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1987Primary Pulmonary HypertensionDANIEL D. BUFF, M.D.DANIEL D. BUFF, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-107-5-779_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The Patient Registry for the Characterization of Primary Pulmonary Hypertension represents an important advance in our understanding of this uncommon disease. The study is prospective in design and includes a large number of patients diagnosed in a standard fashion (1). However, the question still remains as to whether primary pulmonary hypertension can accurately be diagnosed without an open lung biopsy.The distinction between primary pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary hypertension secondary to occult microemboli can be impossible to make on a clinical basis (2). Identification of patients with embolic disease is important, as effective therapy can be provided...References1. RICH S, DANTZKER D, and AYERS S. Primary pulmonary hypertension: a national prospective study. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107:216-23. LinkGoogle Scholar2. HAWORTH S. Primary pulmonary hypertension. Br Heart J. 1983;49:517-21. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. FISHMAN A, MASER K, and FEDULLO P. Perfusion scans versus pulmonary angiography in the evaluation of suspected primary pulmonary hypertension. Chest. 1983;84:679-83. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. WAGENVOORT C. Lung biopsy specimens in the evaluation of primary vascular disease. Chest. 1980;77:614-25. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. FUSTER V, STEELE P, and EDWARDS W. Primary pulmonary hypertension: natural history and the importance of thrombosis. Circulation. 1984;70:580-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DANIEL D. BUFF, M.D.Affiliations: Booth Memorial Medical Center Flushing, NY 11355 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1987Volume 107, Issue 5Page: 779-779KeywordsBiopsyLungsProspective studiesPulmonary diseasesPulmonary hypertension ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1987 PDF downloadLoading ...
Drug Development for Alzheimer's Disease: Recent Progress (2010)

Alzheimer's disease, the most common cause of dementia, is characterized by two major pathological hallmarks: amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Based on these two indicators, an amyloid cascade hypothesis was proposed, and accordingly, most current therapeutic approaches are now focused on the removal of β-amyloid peptides (Aβ from the brain. Additionally, strategies for blocking tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation have been suggested, including the development of drugs that can block the formation of tangles. However, there are no true disease-modifying drugs in the current market, though many drugs based on theories other than Aβ and tau pathology are under development. The purpose of this review was to provide information on the current development of AD drugs and to discuss the issues related to drug development.
Effects of Oat Grain Hydrothermal Treatments on Wheat‐Oat Flour Dough Properties and Breadbaking Quality (1998)

ABSTRACT Hydrothermal treatments, which are routine in oat processing, have profound effects on oat flour dough rheological properties. The influence of roasting and steam treatments of oat grain on dough mixing and breadbaking properties was investigated when hydrothermally treated oat flour was blended with wheat flour. Roasting of oat grain (105°C, 2 hr) resulted in oat flours that were highly detrimental to wheat flour dough mixing properties and breadbaking quality. Steaming (105°C, 20 min) or a combination of roasting and steaming of oat grain significantly improved the breadbaking potential of the oat flours. The addition of oat flours increased water absorption and mixing requirements of the wheat flour dough and also decreased bread loaf volume. However, at the 10% substitution level, steamed oat flours exhibited only a gluten dilution effect on bread loaf volume when wheat starch was used as a reference. Oat flour in the breadbaking system decreased the retrogradation rate of bread crumb starch. The results indicate that adequate hydrothermal treatments of oat grain are necessary for oat flour breadbaking applications. Steamed oat flours used at a 10% level retarded bread staling without adversely affecting the loaf volume.
Synthesis of 3‘-Deoxy-3‘-difluoromethyl Azanucleosides from <i>trans</i>-4-Hydroxy-<scp>l</scp>-proline (2005)

[reaction: see text] Two strategies were tried to synthesize 3'-deoxy-3'-difluoromethyl azanucleosides. After the failure of the first route, the key intermediate 12 from trans-4-hydroxyproline 7 in 8 steps was stereoselectively prepared. The alcohol 12 was subjected to selective protection, oxidation, and difluoromethylenation to afford the fluorinated compound 18, whose hydrogenation was then systematically investigated. After a series of transformations of protecting groups, the resultant compounds 22 and 23 were oxidized to the desired lactams 24 and 25, which were successfully utilized to synthesize our target molecules, 3'-deoxy-3'-difluoromethyl azanucleosides 33, 34a, 34b, and 35.
SR31747A: a peripheral ?? ligand with potent antitumor activities (2004)

SR31747A is currently being evaluated in phase IIb clinical trials for prostate cancer treatment. The molecule is a peripheral sigma ligand that binds four proteins in human cells, i.e. SRBP-1, sigma-2, HSI and its relative SRBP-2. SR31747A is a dual agent with both immunomodulatory and antiproliferative activities. The molecule blocks proliferation of human and mouse lymphocytes, modulates the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and was shown to protect animals in vivo against acute and chronic inflammatory conditions such as acute graft-versus-host reaction, lethality induced by staphylococcal enterotoxin B and lipopolysaccharide or rheumatoid arthritis. Besides these immunomodulatory activities, the molecule also inhibits the proliferation of various tumor cell lines in vitro in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. In vivo, SR31747A has potent antitumoral activity as demonstrated against mammary and prostatic tumoral cell lines injected into nude mice, where both tumor incidence and growth were decreased by more than 40% following daily SR31747A treatment at 25 mg/kg i.p. The recent literature on SR31747A in cancer is reviewed here. We focus specifically on preclinical data obtained in vivo and on studies aimed at deciphering the mode of action of the molecule.