gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Methane storage in molecular nanostructures (2012)

We survey various molecular structures which have been proposed as possible nanocontainers for methane storage. These are molecular structures that have been investigated through either experiments, molecular dynamics simulations or mathematical modelling. Computational simulation and mathematical modelling play an important role in predicting and verifying experimental outcomes, but both have their limitations. Even though recent advances have greatly improved computations, due to the large number of atoms and force field calculations involved, computational simulations can still be time consuming as compared to an instantaneous mathematical modelling approach. On the other hand, underlying an ideal mathematical model, there are many assumptions and approximations, but such modelling often reveals the key physical parameters and optimal configurations. Here, we review methane adsorption for three conventional nanostructures, namely graphite, single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and nanotube bundles (including interstitial and groove sites), and we survey methane adsorption in other molecular structures including metal organic frameworks. We also include an examination of minimum binding energies, equilibrium distances, gravimetric and volumetric uptakes, volume available for adsorption, as well as the effects of temperature and pressure on the adsorption of methane onto these molecular structures.
Digital line segment coding: A new efficient contour coding scheme (1984)

A new coding scheme is proposed for two-tone image contours. The basic idea is to detect digital line segments on the contour and code them using fixed- or variable-length codewords; the present work deals mainly with fixed-length codewords. It is demonstrated that the conventional contour run length coding by Freeman's chain code is a special case of this scheme. The data compressibility of the scheme is studied and the test results on several contours are presented. The results show that the present scheme is superior to the conventional scheme.
A survey of pregnant women on the use of graduated elastic compression stockings on the antenatal ward (2006)

Pulmonary thromboembolism is the leading direct cause of maternal death in the UK. This direct approach structured questionnaire survey was carried out on 100 randomly chosen pregnant in-patients in a London teaching hospital: (a) to assess the quality and frequency of advice given to them by the healthcare professionals on the use of graduated elastic compression stockings (GECS) as a primary physical prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism (VTE) and (b) to find out the rate of compliance and the possible reasons for non-compliance of their use. The information and advice given to pregnant patients by healthcare professionals are generally of good-to-excellent quality, but not universally offered. A total of 40% of mothers wore the GECS all the time, while 38% did not wear them at all. Among the non-wearers, the two major groups were those who did not receive any advice (28%) and those who found them uncomfortable (18%). All healthcare professionals should be aware of the potential risks of VTE, and routinely educate and advise the pregnant women-at-risk on the use of GECS.
Cloud cell: Paving the way for edgeless networks (2013)

Next Generation Cellular Networks are likely to be characterized by hyper-dense deployments wherein small-cell base stations (BSs) will cooperate together to provide users with data rates of the order of Gigabits per second, regardless of their location in the cell (Gbit/s Anywhere). Meeting the goal of “Gbit/s Anywhere” will require rethinking the fundamental mechanisms for configuring access networks and mobility management. Today's networks have cell edges and these edges give rise to undesirable effects such as low throughput, high interference, service interruptions, and call drops. Denser deployments lead to even smaller cells which in turn will lead to increased number of edges. In this paper, we introduce a concept called Cloud Cell, suitable for addressing the needs of small-cell based next generation cellular systems. In particular, we show how several key traits of Cloud Cell work together to create edgeless networks.
Velocity control for safe robot guidance based on fused vision and force/torque data (2006)

We present a method for securing guided robot motions in terms of human/robot cooperation. For this, we limit the maximum allowable velocity of the robot based on the distance to the human or to the next obstacle and generate the effective velocity using guidance informations provided by the interacting human. Therefore, we fuse the two heterogenous data types of a camera and a force torque sensor. The cameras are used to monitor the robot's workspace applying a difference image method. Given this obstacle information, distances are calculated between the robot and humans or objects in the environment respectively. The distance within each image is determined via an extended difference image method. The distances acquired from each camera are fused to approximate the real robot to object distance within the workspace. This distance regulates the maximum allowable velocity of the robot. The force/torque sensor provides the guidance information, i.e. amount, direction of the force and moment. This information is used to generate the robot's movement taking the maximum allowable velocity into consideration
The use of cultured bone marrow cells in autologous transplantation. (1990)

The feasibility of ex vivo purging with long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMC) for autologous transplantation in leukemia has been established. The procedure has been applied to patients with acute myeloid leukemia (in relapse or remission) and recently in one patient with chronic myeloid leukemia. The results in first remission AML are very encouraging with 4 out of 6 patients well and apparently disease free greater than 1 to 4 years post autograft. In patients transplanted with active disease, remissions of 6 to 8 months duration were seen in two patients transplanted in florid relapse. In a CML patient with 87% of his bone marrow cells Ph1 positive, there was a marked decline of karyotypically abnormal cells in culture. Reinfusion of the cultured cells into the patient resulted in engraftment with exclusively Ph1 negative cells. The therapeutic implications of LTBMC purging require further evaluation.
Design of a quartz microresonator for infrared sensor applications (2002)

A quartz crystal resonator's resonance frequency is sensitive to temperature, and a quartz thermometer can accurately detect temperature changes of microkelvins. Making the resonator in a microscopic scale increases its temperature detectivity as well as enables a large array for an IR sensor. Incoming radiation energy of such an IR sensor needs to be absorbed in the resonator as much as possible, and this requires a different geometry of the electrodes from those of a conventional resonator; e.g., a ring electrode on the IR illumination side and a solid electrode on the other side. The geometry of these electrodes should be optimized in order to obtain a maximum energy trapping, which maximizes the value of Q and minimizes the resonator noise, resulting in maximizing the detectivity. Analytical and numerical solutions of the approximate scalar differential equation of Stevens and Tiersten describing the transverse behavior of essentially thickness modes are obtained for a rectangular resonator with a ring electrode on one side and a solid electrode on the other side. These solutions are used to study the performance of this electrode geometry and a general design is presented.
Efficient Plasmid DNA Cleavage by Copper(II) Complexes of 1,4,7-Triazacyclononane Ligands Featuring Xylyl-Linked Guanidinium Groups (2011)

Three new metal-coordinating ligands, L(1), L(2), and L(3), have been prepared by appending o-, m-, and p-xylylguanidine pendants, respectively, to one of the nitrogen atoms of 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (tacn). The copper(II) complexes of these ligands are able to accelerate cleavage of the P-O bonds within the model phosphodiesters bis(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate (BNPP) and [2-(hydroxypropyl)-p-nitrophenyl]phosphate (HPNPP), as well as supercoiled pBR 322 plasmid DNA. Their reactivity toward BNPP and HPNPP is not significantly different from that of the nonguanidinylated analogues, [Cu(tacn)(OH(2))(2)](2+) and [Cu(1-benzyl-tacn)(OH(2))(2)](2+), but they cleave plasmid DNA at considerably faster rates than either of these two complexes. The complex of L(1), [Cu(L(1)H(+))(OH(2))(2)](3+), is the most active of the series, cleaving the supercoiled plasmid DNA (form I) to the relaxed circular form (form II) with a k(obs) value of (2.7 ± 0.3) × 10(-4) s(-1), which corresponds to a rate enhancement of 22- and 12-fold compared to those of [Cu(tacn)(OH(2))(2)](2+) and [Cu(1-benzyl-tacn)(OH(2))(2)](2+), respectively. Because of the relatively fast rate of plasmid DNA cleavage, an observed rate constant of (1.2 ± 0.5) × 10(-5) s(-1) for cleavage of form II DNA to form III was also able to be determined. The X-ray crystal structures of the copper(II) complexes of L(1) and L(3) show that the distorted square-pyramidal copper(II) coordination sphere is occupied by three nitrogen atoms from the tacn ring and two chloride ions. In both complexes, the protonated guanidinium pendants extend away from the metal and form hydrogen bonds with solvent molecules and counterions present in the crystal lattice. In the complex of L(1), the distance between the guanidinium group and the copper(II) center is similar to that separating the adjacent phosphodiester groups in DNA (ca. 6 Å). The overall geometry of the complex is also such that if the guanidinium group were to form charge-assisted hydrogen-bonding interactions with a phosphodiester group, a metal-bound hydroxide would be well-positioned to affect the nucleophilic attack on the neighboring phosphodiester linkage. The enhanced reactivity of the complex of L(1) at neutral pH appears to also be, in part, due to the relatively low pK(a) of 6.4 for one of the coordinated water molecules.
Optoelectronic polarizer by PDLC (1996)

Abstract We present a new device based on Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals (PDLC). Applying a transverse low frequency electric field, the scattering cross section increases or decreases depending on the polarization of the impinging light. Depending on the choice of the refractive index of the polymeric matrix, such a device can be operated as a polarizer, or as an inverse shutter. In the first case one polarization component of an unpolarized beam is transmitted, while the other is scattered. In the second case an impinging polarized beam is totally scattered when an external electric field is applied and becomes partially transmitted when the external field is switched off.
Native fluorescence mapping of cancer (2003)

Fluorescence intensity ratio maps were generated from fluorescence images of ex vivo head and neck, and cervical tissues. Excitation (300, 340 and 380 nm) and em ission (340, 380 and 440 nm) wavelengths were chose n to image native tissue fluorophores, i.e. tryptophan, collagen, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.
CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies (2003)

The relative increase in CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells may be related to immunosuppression and tumor progression in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies. This finding suggests that the use of immunomodulatory therapy to treat patients with gastrointestinal malignancies may be an effective strategy.
Object detection in real time based on improved single shot multi-box detector algorithm (2020)

Abstract In today’s scenario, the fastest algorithm which uses a single layer of convolutional network to detect the objects from the image is single shot multi-box detector (SSD) algorithm. This paper studies object detection techniques to detect objects in real time on any device running the proposed model in any environment. In this paper, we have increased the classification accuracy of detecting objects by improving the SSD algorithm while keeping the speed constant. These improvements have been done in their convolutional layers, by using depth-wise separable convolution along with spatial separable convolutions generally called multilayer convolutional neural networks. The proposed method uses these multilayer convolutional neural networks to develop a system model which consists of multilayers to classify the given objects into any of the defined classes. The schemes then use multiple images and detect the objects from these images, labeling them with their respective class label. To speed up the computational performance, the proposed algorithm is applied along with the multilayer convolutional neural network which uses a larger number of default boxes and results in more accurate detection. The accuracy in detecting the objects is checked by different parameters such as loss function, frames per second (FPS), mean average precision (mAP), and aspect ratio. Experimental results confirm that our proposed improved SSD algorithm has high accuracy.
A quantum Bell Test homodyne interferometer at ambient temperature for millimetre wave entangled photons (2018)

This paper investigates the feasibility of operating a Bell Test for millimetre wave entangled photons using ambient temperature instrumentation, raising the question as to whether this can be done in a regime where the photon energy (<i>hf/e</i> ~ 0.06 milli-eV at 10 GHz) is far smaller than the thermal energy (<i>kT/e</i> ~ 25 milli-eV at 290 K). It also raises the question as to whether it is possible to generate entangled photons at these frequencies, as previously this has only been achieved using cryogenically cooled Josephson junctions. A homodyne interferometric receiver is proposed whereby a millimetre wave pump generates entangled photons by spontaneous parametric down-conversion in a non-linear birefringent material, before the signal and idler are mixed together in a sum-frequency mixer. The output then enters a second mixer which uses the pump as the local oscillator to shift the signal and idler down to baseband, where signal integration over many successive entangled pair recovers the entanglement signature from the noise. A successful demonstration of this would mean cryogenics could be avoided, enabling more sensor architectures and deployment scenarios. Novel experiments in the millimetre wave band could lead to a deeper understanding of entanglement and offer novel schemes for secure communications and covert interrogation techniques (quantum radar and ghost imaging), exploiting the fact that the signal is below the level of the thermal noise and can only be accessed by a single user having the key, which is the pump.
Calorimetric Determination of the Amylose Content of Starches Based on Formation and Melting of the Amylose‐Lysolecithin Complex (1981)

ABSTRACT Amylose‐lysolecithin complexes, formed in an exothermic reaction when amylose or starches are heated with water and lysolecithin, melt at temperatures near 107°C. With excess lysolecithin present, formation of the maximum amount of amylose complex requires cooling after the first heating (during which gelatinization of starch takes place), and then reheating. An amylose with chain length of 300 glucose units took up 14% lysolecithin; the enthalpy of melting of this complex, observed by differential scanning calorimetry, was 5.9 cal/g amylose. Amylose content of a starch was calculated from the enthalpy of melting of its lysolecithin complex. Amylose contents for potato, tapioca, lima bean, wrinkled pea, amylomaize and waxy maize starches agreed with values obtained by iodine binding. Amylose contents of maize and wheat starches were larger than obtained by iodine binding, and in better agreement with amylose contents obtained by fractionation.
Activated Carbon from Date Seeds for CO2 Capture Applications (2017)

Considerations for reducing global carbon emissions are influencing the development of solid sorbents such as activated carbons for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture. Adsorption efficiency often relies on method of preparation and starting or source materials. The use of agricultural wastes such as date seeds are regarded as cost- effective options to produce activated carbons for carbon capture. However, there has been no published study on the potentials of date seeds synthesized activated carbon for carbon capture. In preparing activated carbon (AC) from date seeds by physical activation technique, this study reports on the effects of pyrolysis temperature and activation time on the yield and adsorption capacities of AC produced. Optimal temperature for pyrolysis was 800 °C, while activation temperature which had the highest CO2 adsorption capacity was 900 °C with a loading of 141.14 mg adsorbed CO2/g activated carbon. Sample characteristics such as surface area and porosity, infrared spectra, and scanning electron microscopic images were also investigated in this study.
Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modeling of the Respiratory Depressant Effect of Alfentanil  (1999)

The model described the data for the entire opioid-PaCo2 response surface examined. Indirect response models appear to be a promising tool for the quantitative evaluation of drug-induced respiratory depression.
[The fluorescein infiltration test in the differential diagnosis of precancer and cancer of the lip and oral mucosa]. (1994)

Infiltration fluorescein test based on examination of the strength of tissue structures subject to dystrophy in cancer is suggested to improve the results of differential diagnosis of cancer and precancer. The diagnosis is made depending on the appearance or absence of fluorescein drops on a tumor surface in response to injection of fluorochrome dose into the tumor. A fluorescent stomatoscope is used to assess the test results. Clinical trials in 85 patients have demonstrated that the test parameters and methods of evaluation are essential to obtain correct results. A high diagnostic value of the test (9.6 +/- 3.3%) recommend it as a malignancy test during fluorescent cheilostomatoscopy.
Structure-Based Design of 2-Aminopyridine Oxazolidinones as Potent and Selective Tankyrase Inhibitors (2013)

Aberrant activation of the Wnt pathway has been implicated in the development and formation of many cancers. TNKS inhibition has been shown to antagonize Wnt signaling via Axin stabilization in APC mutant colon cancer cell lines. We employed structure-based design to identify a series of 2-aminopyridine oxazolidinones as potent and selective TNKS inhibitors. These compounds exhibited good enzyme and cell potency as well as selectivity over other PARP isoforms. Co-crystal structures of these 2-aminopyridine oxazolidinones complexed to TNKS reveal an induced-pocket binding mode that does not involve interactions with the nicotinamide binding pocket. Oral dosing of lead compounds 3 and 4 resulted in significant effects on several Wnt-pathway biomarkers in a three day DLD-1 mouse tumor PD model.
Caffeoyl Shikimate Esterase (CSE) Is an Enzyme in the Lignin Biosynthetic Pathway in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2013)

Lignin is a major component of plant secondary cell walls. Here we describe caffeoyl shikimate esterase (CSE) as an enzyme central to the lignin biosynthetic pathway. Arabidopsis thaliana cse mutants deposit less lignin than do wild-type plants, and the remaining lignin is enriched in p-hydroxyphenyl units. Phenolic metabolite profiling identified accumulation of the lignin pathway intermediate caffeoyl shikimate in cse mutants as compared to caffeoyl shikimate levels in the wild type, suggesting caffeoyl shikimate as a substrate for CSE. Accordingly, recombinant CSE hydrolyzed caffeoyl shikimate into caffeate. Associated with the changes in lignin, the conversion of cellulose to glucose in cse mutants increased up to fourfold as compared to that in the wild type upon saccharification without pretreatment. Collectively, these data necessitate the revision of currently accepted models of the lignin biosynthetic pathway.
A Novel 200~800Vdc Ultra-wide Range Input Dc-Dc Converter with Optimum Intelligent Polymorphic Topologies (2009)

A novel high efficiency polymorphic topology converter whose input range extends to 200~800 Vdc, while the high line input efficiency is still maintained is presented in this paper. By integrated a novel three-level HB L <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> C converter and a conventional PSFB converter together, the proposed converter intelligently estimate the input voltage condition and automatically change its internal topology forms to be the most efficient. Therefore, the conversion efficiency for low line input would not downgrade too much and high line efficiency gains back, where the overall efficiency curve exhibits as a "V" type and optimizes. Besides, ZVS and ZCS switching advantages are still be featured in the very two internal topologies themselves, and only one set of circuit components is adopted to implement both of these two topologies to be cost-effective, based on the nearly the same voltage/current stress of the main components. The detail operation principles, as well as the design considerations, were presented. A prototype aiming at network and telecom system of 200~800 V input, 54 V/10 A output, whose full load conversion efficiency is all above 91.48%, was developed to verify the validity and applicability of this topology.
Techniques for laser remote sensing of the environment (1987)

The principles and the basic performance of laser remote sensors are classified and compared. The present state of the art of laser remote sensing techniques and applications for monitoring environmental parameters are reviewed. Future possibilities and requirements of research and development of these techniques are discussed.
Disseminated Nocardiosis in a Patient with X‐Linked Chronic Granulomatous Disease and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection (2001)

We report the first case of HIV infection in a patient with underlying X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) who presented with hepatopulmonary nocardiosis. Despite the coexistence of CGD and HIV, the response to therapy was normal, and no unusual sequelae were noted. The patient's high virus burden was successfully repressed with antiretroviral therapy, suggesting that the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase system is not essential for active viral replication or response to antiretroviral agents.
The unfolded protein response in models of human mutant G93A amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2012)

Recent studies indicate that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in the pathogenesis of familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ER stress occurs when the ER-mitochondria calcium cycle (ERMCC) is disturbed and misfolded proteins accumulate in the ER. To cope with ER stress, the cell engages the unfolded protein response (UPR). While activation of the UPR has been shown in some ALS models and tissues, ER stress elements have not been studied directly in motor neurons. Here we investigated the expression of XBP1 and ATF6α and phosphorylation of eIF2α, and their modulation, in mutated SOD1(G93A) NSC34 and animal model of ALS. Expression of XBP1 and ATF6α mRNA and protein was enhanced in SOD1(G93A) NSC34 cells. Activation of ATF6α and XBP1 and phosphorylation of eIF2α were detectable in mutated SOD1(G93A) motor but not in wild-type motor neurons. Treatment with the ER stressor thapsigargin enhanced phosphorylation of eIF2α and activated proteolysis of ATF6α and splicing of XBP1 in NSC34 and motor neurons in a time-dependent manner. The present study thus provides direct evidence of activated UPR in motor neurons which overexpress human pathogenic mutant SOD1(G93A) , providing evidence that ER stress plays a major role in ALS.