gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative studies on synthesis of water-soluble vitamins among human species of bifidobacteria. (1985)

The ability of bifidobacteria to synthesize six water-soluble vitamins (thiamine, folic acid, nicotinic acid, pyridoxine, vitamin B12 and riboflavin) was systematically investigated with twenty-four strains of five species derived from human feces. The vitamins synthesized were determined as those accumulated in cultures grown in a semi-synthetic medium. For the vitamins other than vitamin B12 and riboflavin, extracellular liberation was also examined with the supernatant fluids obtained after removing cells from the cultures. Many strains of the bifidobacteria investigated could indeed synthesize five of the vitamins, the exception being riboflavin. A large portion of each of the vitamins synthesized was excreted into the medium. The concentrations of the vitamins, especially thiamine, nicotinic acid and folic acid, accumulated varied widely among different species or strains. On the basis of the results, these bifidobacteria could be divided into three general types according to the abilities to accumulate thiamine, nicotinic acid and folic acid. These three vitamins were accumulated in all the strains of B. bifidum and B. infantis as well as in many strains of B. breve and B. longum but the vitamin concentrations were significantly higher in the former species (higher-accumulators) than in the latter species (lower-accumulators). On the other hand, none of these three vitamins were detected in most strains of B. adolescentis or in some strains of B. breve and B. longum (non-accumulators). Non-accumulator strains of B. adolescentis required thiamine and nicotinic acid for maximal growth in a complete synthetic medium. Further studies on thiamine synthesis revealed that the addition of exogenous thiamine to the medium significantly reduced the level of thiamine accumulated in a culture of a lower-accumulator strain of B. longum but did not affect the vitamin level in a higher-accumulator strain of B. bifidum. These findings were discussed in relation to the vitamin biosynthesis and its regulation in bacteria.
Directional Tuning Control of Wireless/Contactless Power Pickup for Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) System (2010)

In Figure To simply the analysis, the rectifier and load can be represented with the equivalent AC resistor R AC . The transfer function of the system given in (3) can be derived from the simplified second order system shown in Fig.
Vitamin D-responsive protein-DNA interactions at multiple promoter regulatory elements that contribute to the level of rat osteocalcin gene expression. (1992)

The observation that vitamin D-mediated enhancement of osteocalcin (OC) gene expression is dependent on and reciprocally related to the level of basal gene expression suggests that an interaction of the vitamin D responsive element (VDRE) with basal regulatory elements of the OC gene promoter contributes to both basal and vitamin D-enhanced transcription. Protein-DNA interactions at the VDRE of the rat OC gene (nucleotides -466 to -437) are reflected by direct sequence-specific and antibody-sensitive binding of the endogenous vitamin D receptor present in ROS 17/2.8 osteosarcoma nuclear protein extracts. In addition, a vitamin D-responsive increase in OC gene transcription is accompanied by enhanced non-vitamin D receptor-mediated protein-DNA interactions in the "TATA" box region (nucleotides -44 to +23), which also contains a potential glucocorticoid responsive element. Evidence for proximity of the VDRE with the basal regulatory elements is provided by two features of nuclear architecture. (i) Nuclear matrix attachment elements in the rat OC gene promoter that bind nuclear matrix proteins with sequence specificity may impose structural constraints on promoter conformation. (ii) Limited micrococcal nuclease digestion and Southern blot analysis indicate that three nucleosomes can be accommodated in the sequence spanning the OC gene VDRE, the OC/CCAAT box (nucleotides -99 to -76), and the TATA/glucocorticoid responsive element, and thereby the potential distance between the VDRE and the basal regulatory elements can be reduced. A model is presented for the contribution of both the VDRE and proximal promoter elements to the enhancement of OC gene transcription in response to vitamin D. The vitamin D receptor plus accessory proteins may function cooperatively with basal regulatory factors to modulate the extent to which the OC gene is transcribed.
Oncofetal Antigen-I: Distribution in Human Tumors<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2">2</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3">3</xref> (1981)

Oncofetal antigen-I (OFA-I) is a human tumor-associated fetal antigen that cross-reacts with fetal brain. The biological distribution of this antigen was studied in a variety of histologic types of human tumors and normal tissues. A total of 170 human tumors and 89 normal tissues obtained from biopsied and autopsied specimens were tested by immune adherence absorption assay. The antigen was most prevalent in malignant melanomas (82%); next in order of incidence were lung carcinomas (71%), sarcomas (61%), brain tumors (58%), and breast carcinomas (53%). However, OFA-I was found in only 15% of gastrointestinal tumors. The four hepatoma specimens tested were negative for OFA-I. OFA-I was also present in metastases and normal-appearing tissues of patients with OFA-I positive tumors but was not found in normal tissues from noncancer patients. These studies demonstrated that OFA-1 is widely distributed among human tumors. It appears to be more prevalent in tumors of ectodermal and mesodermal origin.
Integration of Optical Fiber and Optoelectronic Devices (2013)

There is much current interest in integrated nanophotonics, as evidenced by the large amount of literature regarding silicon photonics, integration of direct bandgap semiconductors onto silicon chips, and related topics. Our group has been pursing a different, potentially complementary vision of all-fiber optoelectronics in which light can be generated, modulated, and detected within the fiber itself [1-5]. Fiber devices are in general valued for their robustness, simplicity, and ability to integrate seamlessly with existing fiber infrastructure. If the light never leaves the fiber, for example, difficulties associated with modal and impedance mismatches between fibers and planar semiconductor waveguides do not need to be overcome. Fiber lasers also integrate naturally with fibers, whereas using direct gap semiconductor lasers on chip remains an ongoing challenge.
Evaluation of Rabies Biologics against Irkut Virus Isolated in China (2013)

An Irkut virus (IRKV) was recently isolated from a bat in China. The protective ability of rabies biologics available in the Chinese market and experimental biologics against the rabies virus (RABV) and IRKV were assessed in a hamster model via preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) experiments. The results demonstrated that a single dose of rabies vaccine did not induce adequate protection against IRKV infection. However, routine PrEP with three doses of vaccine induced complete protection against IRKV infection. Higher doses of RABV immunoglobulins and alpha interferon were required during PEP to protect hamsters against IRKV versus RABV infection. Experimental recombinant vaccines containing IRKV glycoproteins induced more-reliable protection against IRKV than against RABV infection. Those findings may be explained by limited cross-neutralization of these viruses (confirmed via in vitro tests) in conjunction with antigenic distances between RABV and IRKV. These results indicate that the development and evaluation of new biologics for PrEP and PEP are required to ensure sufficient protection against IRKV infection in China and other territories where this virus is present.
Thirty Years of the Drug Candidate NAMI‐A and the Myths in the Field of Ruthenium Anticancer Compounds: A Personal Perspective (2016)

As anticipated in the title, this contribution is basically divided into two, strictly connected, parts. The first is a personal overview of the ruthenium drug candidate NAMI‐A, almost 30 years after its synthesis and the discovery of its unprecedented antimetastatic properties in animal models at nontoxic dosages. The sections relating to the chemical and biological behavior of the complex, and the hypotheses on its mechanism(s) of action, are kept to a minimum, whereas more space is devoted to discussion of the results of the clinical investigations. The second part deals in detail with a number of undemonstrated misconceptions (or myths) that, over the years, have thrived around NAMI‐A and other ruthenium drug candidates, thus negatively affecting the whole field of Ru anticancer drugs.
Structured illumination microscopy for in-vivo human retinal imaging: a theoretical assessment (2012)

Structured illumination microscopy applied to in-vivo retinal imaging has the potential to provide a low-cost and powerful diagnostic tool for retinal disease. In this paper the key parameters that affect performance in structured illumination ophthalmoscopy are studied theoretically. These include the number of images that need to be acquired in order to generate a sectioned image, which is affected by the non-stationary nature of the retina during acquisition, the choice of spatial frequency of the illuminating sinusoid, the effect of typical ocular aberrations on axial resolution and the nature of the sinusoidal pattern produced by the illumination system. The results indicate that structured illumination ophthalmoscopy can be a robust technique for achieving axial sectioning in retinal imaging without the need for complex optical systems.
Learning coupled conditional random field for image decomposition with application on object categorization (2008)

This paper proposes a computational system of object categorization based on decomposition and adaptive fusion of visual information. A coupled Conditional Random Field is developed to model the interaction between low level cues of contour and texture, and to decompose contour and texture in natural images. The advantages of using coupled rather than single-layer Random Fields are demonstrated with model learning and evaluation. Multiple decomposed visual cues are adaptively combined for object categorization to fully leverage different discriminative cues for different classes. Experimental results show that the proposed computational model of “recognition-through-decomposition-and-fusion” achieves better performance than most of the state-of-the-art methods, especially when only a limited number of training samples are available.
Alopecia areata: identification and current treatment approaches. (1999)

Alopecia areata is a disease which occurs in 1.7% of the population (Safavi et al., 1995), often with devastating effects to patients and their families. In the past, this condition has been misunderstood and treated inadequately. New treatment modalities and support systems are offering hope to patients with alopecia areata.
Osteoporosis in Patients on Long-Term Home Parenteral Nutrition: A Longitudinal Study (2003)

HPN had no deleterious effect on cortical bone and actually improved trabecular bone in patients whose intestinal disease started after the age of 21 years.
Differential effects of petit mal anticonvulsants and convulsants on thalamic neurones: calcium current reduction (1990)

1. Succinimide derivatives can be either convulsant (tetramethylsuccinimide (TMS)), or anticonvulsant (ethosuximide (ES); alpha-methyl-alpha-phenylsuccinimide (MPS)). ES, an anticonvulsant succinimide, has previously been shown to block calcium currents of thalamic neurones, while the convulsant succinimide TMS blocks gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) responses in a similar fashion to the convulsant pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). 2. Using voltage-clamp techniques, we analysed the effects of the anticonvulsant succinimides ES and MPS and the convulsants TMS and PTZ on calcium currents of acutely isolated thalamic relay neurones of the rat. 3. MPS and ES reduced low-threshold calcium current (LTCC) in a voltage-dependent manner, without affecting steady-state inactivation. MPS was less potent than ES (IC50 of 1100 vs 200 microM) but greater in efficacy (100% maximal reduction vs 40% for ES). 4. PTZ had no effect on calcium currents, and TMS only reduced LTCC at very high concentrations, and did not occlude MPS effects when applied concurrently. 5. These results, which demonstrate that anticonvulsant, but not convulsant, succinimides block LTCC, provide additional support for the hypothesis that LTCC reduction is a mechanism of action of the anticonvulsant succinimides related to their effects in petit mal epilepsy.
Generation of Symmetric Key Using Randomness of Hash Function (2020)

In a highly secure and robust key generation process, a key role is played by randomness and random numbers when current real-world cryptosystems are observed. Most present-day cryptographic protocols depend upon the Random Number Generators (RNG), Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG). These protocols often use noisy channels such as Disk seek time, CPU temperature, Mouse pointer movement, Fan noise to obtain actual random values. Despite being cost-effective, these noisy channels may need additional hardware devices to communicate with them continuously. On the other hand, Hash functions are Pseudo-Random (because of their requirements) in nature. So, they are a suitable replacement for these noisy channels and have low hardware requirements. This paper discusses some of the key generation methodologies and their drawbacks. Further, it explains how hash functions can be used in key generation, how to combine Key Derivation Function (KDF)s with hash functions.
The Modular TORERO IEC 61499 Engineering Platform - Eclipse in Automation (2006)

The current situation in automation is characterised by an ongoing trend towards distributed systems based on intelligent devices, the application of Web services and the usage of Ethernet as the main communication media. The most important standard to deal with distributed control systems (DCSs) is the IEC 61499 whose industrial application is still at the beginning. Within this paper, a platform for DCSs based on the open source framework Eclipse will be presented. The platform implements the DCS's methodology realised by specific tools in the form of plug-ins covering the whole life cycle of a control system, ranging from the engineering process to the maintenance process during runtime of the system. A core functionality of the engineering platform is the function block system designer supporting the IEC 61499 standard
Ghrelin inhibits sympathetic nervous activity in sepsis (2007)

Our previous studies have shown that norepinephrine (NE) upregulates proinflammatory cytokines by activating alpha(2)-adrenoceptor. Therefore, modulation of the sympathetic nervous system represents a novel treatment for sepsis. We have also shown that a novel stomach-derived peptide, ghrelin, is downregulated in sepsis and that its intravenous administration decreases proinflammatory cytokines and mitigates organ injury. However, it remains unknown whether ghrelin inhibits sympathetic activity through central ghrelin receptors [i.e., growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR-la)] in sepsis. To study this, sepsis was induced in male rats by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Ghrelin was administered through intravenous or intracerebroventricular injection 30 min before CLP. Our results showed that intravenous administration of ghrelin significantly reduced the elevated NE and TNF-alpha levels at 2 h after CLP. NE administration partially blocked the inhibitory effect of ghrelin on TNF-alpha in sepsis. GHSR-la inhibition by the administration of a GHSR-la antagonist, [d-Arg(1),d-Phe(5), d-Trp(7,9),Leu(11)]substance P, significantly increased both NE and TNF-alpha levels even in normal animals. Markedly elevated circulating levels of NE 2 h after CLP were also significantly decreased by intracerebroventricular administration of ghrelin. Ghrelin's inhibitory effect on NE release was completely blocked by intracerebroventricular injection of the GHSR-1a antagonist or a neuropeptide Y (NPY)/Y(1) receptor antagonist. However, ghrelin's downregulatory effect on TNF-alpha release was only partially diminished by these agents. Thus ghrelin has sympathoinhibitory properties that are mediated by central ghrelin receptors involving a NPY/Y1 receptor-dependent pathway. Ghrelin's inhibitory effect on TNF-alpha production in sepsis is partially because of its modulation of the overstimulated sympathetic nerve activation.
Exposure to Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation from Medical Imaging Procedures (2009)

Imaging procedures are an important source of exposure to ionizing radiation in the United States and can result in high cumulative effective doses of radiation.
4:1 bandwidth digital five bit MMIC phase shifters (2003)

Five-bit monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC) phase shifters that cover over two octaves of bandwidth are developed for functions such as electronic beamsteering and frequency translation. The authors describe two digitally controlled MMIC phase shifters optimized for different operating bandwidths. A lowband version of the phase shifter is designed for the 2.0-6.0-GHz frequency range, and a highband version is designed for the 4.5-18.0-GHz frequency range. Both versions maintain useful performance levels significantly beyond their design bandwidths. The typical measured circuit performance of a highband phase shifter chip in the 4.5-18-GHz band shows a maximum phase error of less than 20 degrees and a +or-1.15-dB maximum change in insertion loss with phase state. The measured circuit performance of a lowband phase shifter chip in the 2.0-6.0-GHz band shows a maximum phase error of less than 15 degrees and less than +or-0.6-dB insertion loss variation with phase state.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
In Situ Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis of Hydrogen Isotopes During Deuterium Implantation into Metals (1996)

Elastic recoil detection (ERD) analysis is successfully applied to in situ measurements of hydrogen isotope distributions formed in palladium and titanium during deuterium ion implantation to observe phenomena connected with so-called cold fusion. In situ analysis is shown to be effective in identifying the physical processes occurring in such hydrogen-metal systems.The system is equipped with charged-particle detectors not only for the detection of nuclear reaction products occurring under bombardment with kilo-electron-volt deuterium ions but also for ERD analyses using a mega-electron-volt accelerator. The beam-target D(d,p)t reaction yield during implantation is dependent on the beam current or the deuterium flux. This is interpreted in terms of a temperature dependence of the deuterium concentration that is measured in situ by the ERD method.During the bombardment with heavy ions for ERD, measurements of reaction products are also made simultaneously with those of the recoil particles to clarify the structure of the spectra, although some unidentified peaks remain.
Synthesis and Characterization of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Phenyl Hydrazine Sensor Applications (2014)

This paper reports the simple and facile synthesis, characterization and chemical sensing properties of iron oxide (-Fe2O3) nanoparticles. Iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal process and characterized in details of their morphological, structural and compositional properties. The iron oxide nanoparticles were found to be well-crystalline and grown in very high density which were used as efficient electron mediators for the fabrication of highsensitive phenyl hydrazine sensor. The fabricated hydrazine sensor demonstrated a high sensitivity of 57.88 Am M −1 cm −2 with an experimental detection limit of 97 M. The observed linear dynamic range (LDR) for the fabricated sensor was 97 m−1.56 mM. The presented work demonstrates that iron oxide nanoparticles can be used as a potential electron mediator for the fabrication of efficient chemical sensors.
Cytokine balance in kidney tissue from lupus nephritis patients (2003)

IFN-gamma may contribute to the pathogenesis of proliferative glomerulonephritis by the up-regulation of CD40 and the activation of the cellular immune response in human lupus.
Strand Displacement during Deoxyribonucleic Acid Synthesis at Single Strand Breaks (1971)

Abstract Synthesis of DNA by DNA polymerases has been studied by using circular duplex DNA templates which contain single phosphodiester bond interruptions (nicks). Escherichia coli DNA polymerase can initiate synthesis at nicks by the covalent attachment of nucleotides to the 3' end of the primer strand. An initial phase of synthesis is accompanied by the removal of nucleotides from the 5' end of the nick by the 5'-hydrolytic activity of the E. coli polymerase (nick translation). After the incorporation of 10 to 50 nucleotides, the 5' end of the primer strand is displaced by the growing 3' end of the primer strand. Elimination of the 5'-hydrolytic activity of the E. coli polymerase does not prevent this strand displacement. In contrast, phage T4 polymerase cannot initiate synthesis at nicks. In these studies polynucleotide ligase has been used to identify nicks and to measure their disappearance during strand displacement. The DNA synthesized during the phase of strand displacement is sensitive to both exonucleases I and III of E. coli. This observation suggests that an equilibrium exists between single and double stranded forms of the newly synthesized DNA. A third phase of more extensive synthesis yields a DNA product which is resistant to exonuclease I even after denaturation, suggesting a self-complementary structure. Electron micrographs of such a product synthesized on circular PM2 DNA containing one nick per molecule reveal a single branch extending from the intact circle. Subsequent synthesis gives rise to multiple branches.
Unobtrusive Social Network Data From Email (2008)

Email provides a rich source of longitudinal social network data that can be used for applications ranging from command and control, to military intelligence, to basic social science research. This project reviews several methods available to extract email network data and compares them in terms of data quality and convenience of collection. In general, it is preferable to obtain email data directly from the central SMTP email server. In situations where this is not possible, alternative approaches presented here can be useful. These techniques for analyzing email data have been automated in the Organizational Risk Analyzer (ORA) software, which is freely available to DoD and academia. 1.
How do people really interact with TV? (2007)

To understand how people really interact with digital TV and digital video recorder (DVR) systems, 10 people were recruited, 6 with DVRs and 4 with non-DVR digital cable or satellite TV systems. Video-recording equipment was set up in their homes to record their TV viewing. The person viewing as well as the TV content being viewed were recorded as the person watched TV. Afterwards, the recordings were reviewed and analyzed by the experimenter together with the viewer, who then described his or her behavior. The results show that overall the most common way people interacted with TV was in avoiding advertisements and finding new programming to watch when the current show ended. These results can be used to find ways to improve how users experience TV systems.