gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence for two catalytically different magnesium-binding sites in acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase by site-directed mutagenesis (1995)

Alignment of procaryotic and plant acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase (EC 1.1.1.86) reveals five conserved regions designated domains I, II, III, IV, and V. Domain I has been previously proposed to correspond to the NADPH-binding site [Dumas et al. (1991) Biochem. J. 277, 469-475] and domain III to a putative magnesium-binding site [Sista & Bowman (1992) Gene 120, 115-118]. The binding and the function of this cation are of particular importance. First, Mg2+ is essential for the two-step reaction catalyzed by this enzyme: an isomerization followed by an NADPH-dependent reduction. Second, the plant acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase exhibits Kd and Km values for Mg2+ of 5 microM and 6 microM, respectively. Such values correspond to the strongest affinity known between an enzyme and the metal ion. To determine if domain III of acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase is effectively involved in magnesium binding, and with the goal to assign a function to the other conserved domains, site-directed mutagenesis was performed on each charged or polar conserved amino acids of domains II-V of the spinach acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase. The results demonstrate that mutation of each of these amino acids leads to a partial or complete inactivation of enzyme activity. Steady-state kinetic analysis and equilibrium binding experiments show that both domains III and IV are directly involved in the binding of magnesium. Also, they suggest that magnesium bound to domain III plays a role in the reductive half-reaction, whereas, magnesium bound to domain IV is involved in the isomerization half-reaction.
Nonlinear apodization for sidelobe control in SAR imagery (1995)

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery often requires sidelobe control, or apodization, via weighting of the frequency domain aperture. This is of particular importance when imaging scenes containing objects such as ships or buildings having very large radar cross sections. Sidelobe improvement using spectral weighting is invariably at the expense of mainlobe resolution presented here is a class of nonlinear operators which significantly reduce sidelobe levels without degrading mainlobe resolution implementation is via sequential nonlinear operations applied to complex-valued (undetected) SAR imagery. SAR imaging is used to motivate the concepts developed in this work. However, these nonlinear apodization techniques have potentially broad and far-ranging applications in antenna design, sonar, digital filtering etc., i.e., whenever data can be represented as the Fourier transform of a finite-aperture signal.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ultra-high-reflectivity photonic-bandgap mirrors in a ridge SOI waveguide (2006)

International audience
Evaluation of the External Surface Area of Carbon Black by Nitrogen Adsorption (1995)

Abstract Specific surface area is an important property for carbon black grade classification, production control, and prediction of rubber reinforcement characteristics. Total surface area alone is insufficient for estimating the reinforcing properties of a microporous carbon black because the internal area of the micropores is inaccessible to rubber molecules. The CTAB surface area test, based on adsorption of a molecule too large to enter the micropore, measures the surface area available to rubber. Although widely used, the CTAB method has failed to gain wide popularity due to its labor-intensive nature and poor testing precision. In the present paper, the extent of microporosity on the surface of carbon blacks is investigated. The external surface area derived from the nitrogen adsorption characteristics is compared to CTAB surface area for a number of standard rubber carbon blacks. This study reports the optimum testing conditions to achieve precise external surface area measurements and the ability of this method to overcome the disadvantages of the CTAB method. Other advantages of this technique are discussed.
Stereoselective <i>C</i>-Glycosylation Reactions of Ribose Derivatives:  Electronic Effects of Five-Membered Ring Oxocarbenium Ions (2005)

The factors controlling the highly alpha-selective C-glycosylation of ribose derivatives were determined by examining the stereoselective reactions of 18 ribose analogues differing in substitution at C-2, C-3, and C-4. The lowest energy conformers of the intermediate oxocarbenium ions display the C-3 alkoxy group in a pseudoaxial orientation to maximize electrostatic effects. To a lesser extent, the C-2 substituent prefers a pseudoequatorial position, and the alkyl group at C-4 has little influence on conformational preferences. In all cases, the product was formed by stereoelectronically preferred inside attack on the lowest energy conformer.
Multiple tissue antigen analysis by sequential immunofluorescence staining and multi-dimensional image analysis (2001)

This paper presents a novel method for sequential immunofluorescence staining, which, in combination with 3D image registration and segmentation, can be used to increase the number of antigens that ...
<sup>1</sup>H <i>T</i><sub>2</sub>‐NMR monitoring of crosslinked polyolefin aging (2003)

Abstract This work examines the correlation between the 1 H‐NMR T 2 relaxation constant and the mechanical properties of aged crosslinked polyolefin cable insulation. T 2 experiments on unswollen samples could not differentiate between unaged and highly aged materials; all exhibited 1 H T 2 constants of approximately 0.5 ms. To accentuate the effects of aging, samples were swollen in various solvents. Unaged samples had T 2 values of approximately 15 ms in good solvents. With thermal aging, T 2 values decreased as the ultimate tensile elongation decreased. However, the correlation between T 2 and elongation differed for samples irradiated with high‐energy radiation and for materials aged above versus below the crystalline melting temperature. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 2578–2582, 2003
Biogas production from cellulose-containing substrates: A review (2012)

Anaerobic microbial conversion of organic substrates to various biofuels is one of the alternative energy sources attracting the greatest attention of scientists. The advantages of biogas production over other technologies are the ability of methanogenic communities to degrade a broad range of substrates and concomitant benefits: neutralization of organic waste, reduction of greenhouse gas emission, and fertilizer production. Cellulose-containing materials are a good substrate, but their full-scale utilization encounters a number of problems, including improvement of the quality and amount ofbiogas produced and maintenance of the stability and high efficiency of microbial communities. We review data on microorganisms that form methanogenic cellulolytic communities, enzyme complexes of anaerobes essential for cellulose fiber degradation, and feedstock pretreatment, as biodegradation is hindered in the presence of lignin. Methods for improving biogas production by optimization of microbial growth conditions are considered on the examples of biogas formation from various types of plant and paper materials: writing paper and cardboard.
Macrophage responsiveness to light therapy (1989)

Macrophages are a source of many important mediators of wound repair. It was the purpose of this study to see if light could stimulate the release of these mediators. In this study an established macrophage-like cell line (U-937) was used. The cells were exposed in culture to the following wavelengths of light: 660 nm, 820 nm, 870 nm, and 880 nm. The 820-nm source was coherent and polarised, and the others were non-coherent. Twelve hours after exposure the macrophage supernatant was removed and placed on 3T3 fibroblast cultures. Fibroblast proliferation was assessed over a 5-day period. The results showed that 660-nm, 820-nm, and 870-nm wavelengths encouraged the macrophages to release factors that stimulated fibroblast proliferation above the control levels, whereas the 880-nm wavelength either inhibited the release of these factors or encouraged the release of some inhibitory factors of fibroblast proliferation. These results suggest that light at certain wavelengths may be a useful therapeutic agent by providing a means of either stimulating or inhibiting fibroblast proliferation where necessary. At certain wavelengths coherence is not essential.
Growth of single-crystal copper sulfide thin films via electrodeposition in ionic liquid media for lithium ion batteries (2012)

By exploiting the ability of ionic liquids to solubilize molecular sulfur at the melting point, we report the electrodeposition of CuS in an [EMIm]TFSI (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide) electrolytic bath containing Cu(TFSI)2 salt and elemental sulfur. Single-crystal and preferentially oriented covellite CuS thin films with flake morphology have been successfully obtained. Li/CuS coin cells using the deposits after carbon coating as the positive electrode show a discharge capacity of 350 mA h g−1 with capacity retention of 54.4% after 20 cycles.
Instances and classes in software engineering (1999)

article Free Access Share on Instances and classes in software engineering Authors: Christopher A. Welty Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NYView Profile , David A. Ferrucci IBM Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY IBM Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NYView Profile Authors Info & Claims intelligenceVolume 10Issue 2Summer 1999 pp 24–28https://doi.org/10.1145/309697.309705Published:01 July 1999Publication History 1citation374DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1Total Downloads374Last 12 Months24Last 6 weeks4 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteView all FormatsPDF
Band-Gap Engineering: From Physics and Materials to New Semiconductor Devices (1987)

Band-gap engineering is a powerful technique for the design of new semiconductor materials and devices. Heterojunctions and modern growth techniques, such as molecular beam epitaxy, allow band diagrams with nearly arbitrary and continuous band-gap variations to be made. The transport properties of electrons and holes can be independently and continuously tuned for a given application. A new generation of devices with unique capabilities, ranging from solid-state photomultipliers to resonant tunneling transistors, is emerging from this approach.
Sample Limited Characterization of a Novel Disulfide-Rich Venom Peptide Toxin from Terebrid Marine Snail Terebra variegata (2014)

Disulfide-rich peptide toxins found in the secretions of venomous organisms such as snakes, spiders, scorpions, leeches, and marine snails are highly efficient and effective tools for novel therapeutic drug development. Venom peptide toxins have been used extensively to characterize ion channels in the nervous system and platelet aggregation in haemostatic systems. A significant hurdle in characterizing disulfide-rich peptide toxins from venomous animals is obtaining significant quantities needed for sequence and structural analyses. Presented here is a strategy for the structural characterization of venom peptide toxins from sample limited (4 ng) specimens via direct mass spectrometry sequencing, chemical synthesis and NMR structure elucidation. Using this integrated approach, venom peptide Tv1 from Terebra variegata was discovered. Tv1 displays a unique fold not witnessed in prior snail neuropeptides. The novel structural features found for Tv1 suggest that the terebrid pool of peptide toxins may target different neuronal agents with varying specificities compared to previously characterized snail neuropeptides.
Synthesis and properties of oligolysine and oligoglutamic acid derivatives containing nucleosides. (1993)

Nucleic acid analogs of L-lysine derivatives containing uridine and/or adenosine were synthesized. As dimer models, Lys(Urd)-Lys(Urd) and Lys(Urd)-Lys(Ado) were prepared by activated ester method. These dimers were found to form complex with poly(A), which was observed from hypochromicity of UV spectra. Furthermore, glutamic acid derivatives containing uridine and adenosine were also prepared. Oligomerization of glutamic acid derivatives were studied by Merrifield's solid phase synthesis.
A Single Chip CCD Color Camera System Using Field Integration Mode (1983)

フィールド蓄積モードを用いたインターライン転送方式CCDに適用できる新構成の単板カラー化方式を提案し, そのカラー撮像評価を行った.フィールド蓄積モードを用いた新らしい単板カラー化方式により, 等価残像がなくなり, 垂直限界解像度付近でのフリッカーが軽減され, 総合画質にすぐれたカラー再生画像を得ることができた.
Modelling the incubation period of anthrax (2005)

Models of the incubation period of anthrax are important to public health planners because they can be used to predict the delay before outbreaks are detected, the size of an outbreak and the duration of time that persons should remain on antibiotics to prevent disease. The difficulty is that there is little direct data about the incubation period in humans. The objective of this paper is to develop and apply models for the incubation period of anthrax. Mechanistic models that account for the biology of spore clearance and germination are developed based on a competing risks formulation. The models predict that the incubation period distribution depends critically on the rate that spores are cleared from the lung and to a lesser extent on the dose of inhaled spores. The models are used in a statistical analysis of data from an anthrax outbreak that occurred in Sverdlovsk, Russia. The analysis suggests that spores are cleared from the lung at a rate between 8 per cent per day and 14 per cent per day, which is in good agreement with experimental studies of animals. The analysis suggests that at low doses, the overall median incubation period time is about 10 days, which includes a median lag of about 2 days between spore germination and onset of symptoms. Male gender and younger ages were associated with longer incubation periods as was lower dose of inhaled spores.
Semantic Image Inpainting with Deep Generative Models (2017)

Semantic image inpainting is a challenging task where large missing regions have to be filled based on the available visual data. Existing methods which extract information from only a single image generally produce unsatisfactory results due to the lack of high level context. In this paper, we propose a novel method for semantic image inpainting, which generates the missing content by conditioning on the available data. Given a trained generative model, we search for the closest encoding of the corrupted image in the latent image manifold using our context and prior losses. This encoding is then passed through the generative model to infer the missing content. In our method, inference is possible irrespective of how the missing content is structured, while the state-of-the-art learning based method requires specific information about the holes in the training phase. Experiments on three datasets show that our method successfully predicts information in large missing regions and achieves pixel-level photorealism, significantly outperforming the state-of-the-art methods.
Multiple P2 Receptors Contribute to a Transient Increase in Intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> Concentration in Atp‐Stimulated Rat Brown Adipocytes (2002)

Extracellular ATP in micromolar concentrations evokes a transient elevation in intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)), which arises primarily from a release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores in rat brown adipocytes. We investigated the mechanisms underlying this transient nature of [Ca(2+)](i) elevation during exposure to ATP by using fura-2 fluorescence measurements together with the P2 receptor antagonists pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid (PPADS) and suramin. Extracellular ATP (10 microM) almost completely depressed the thapsigargin (100 nM)-evoked [Ca(2+)](i) elevation mediated through store-operated Ca(2+) entry. The inhibitory effect of ATP was antagonized by PPADS with IC(50) of 0.7 microM. In the presence of PPADS at concentrations of more than 5 microM, the ATP-induced [Ca(2+)](i) elevation became sustained during the entire duration of the agonist application, although the magnitude of the sustained [Ca(2+)](i) elevation was reduced in a concentration-dependent manner by PPADS with an IC(50) of 200 microM. In contrast, the ATP-induced [Ca(2+)](i) elevation was blocked by suramin in a concentration range similar to that required to antagonize the inhibitory effect of ATP on the store-operated pathway. These results suggest that the [Ca(2+)](i) responses to extracellular ATP in rat brown adipocytes are mediated through the activation of at least two distinct P2 receptors exhibiting different sensitivities to PPADS but similar sensitivities to suramin. Extracellular ATP stimulates the PPADS-resistant P2 receptor to mobilize intracellular Ca(2+) stores, which is probably followed by the activation of store-operated Ca(2+) entry. Extracellular ATP, however, would inhibit this Ca(2+) entry process through the stimulation of the PPADS-sensitive P2-receptor, which may underlie the transient nature of [Ca(2+)](i) elevation in response to extracellular ATP.
Ablation of de novo DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3a in the nervous system leads to neuromuscular defects and shortened lifespan (2007)

DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism involved in gene regulation and implicated in the functioning of the nervous system. The de novo DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3a is expressed in neurons, but its specific role has not been clarified. Dnmt3a is activated around embryonic day 10.5 in mouse neuronal precursor cells and remains active in postmitotic neurons in the adult. We assessed the role of neuronal Dnmt3a by conditional gene targeting. Mice lacking functional Dnmt3a in the nervous system were born healthy, but degenerated in adulthood and died prematurely. Mutant mice were hypoactive, walked abnormally, and underperformed on tests of neuromuscular function and motor coordination. Loss of Dnmt3a also led to fewer motor neurons in the hypoglossal nucleus and more fragmented endplates in neuromuscular junctions of the diaphragm muscle. Our results implicate a role for Dnmt3a in the neuromuscular control of motor movement.
Design of an output LC filter for a doubly fed induction generator supplying non-linear loads for aircraft applications (2004)

This paper presents a variable speed constant frequency (VSCF) system for aircraft applications. More accurately, it focuses on the design of an output filter to reduce the influence of non-linear loads. The VSCF system consists in a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) supplying a stand-alone aircraft grid through its stator windings. It uses back-to-back PWM converters connected to the rotor for sub and super synchronous speed operation. A permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) connected to a variable speed prime mover supplies these converters. An efficient control strategy of the system was presented in a previous paper for linear loads. However, non-linear loads such as 6-pulse diode rectifiers, that can represent up to 50% of the total load introduce undesirable current harmonic components. A LC output filter is thus designed to eliminate them. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed system.
Physical and Chemical Characterization of Reused Oxide Chemical Mechanical Planarization Slurry (2001)

The recycle of Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP) slurries has been actively considered in the industry to reduce the cost-of-consumables (COC) because of the sharp increase of the consumption of slurry in CMP. The main purpose of this study was to characterize the used oxide slurry physically and chemically to establish a means of reprocessing it. The characteristics of slurry were determined according to pH, solid content, specific gravity and particle size. These characteristics were affected and varied by deionized water inflow during the CMP process. The tetraethylorthosilicate removal rate was strongly dependent on the solid content and pH of slurry solutions. The solid content played a major role in determining the removal rates. Regardless of the number of polishings, the removal rate was almost the same at a solid content when it was modified by adding new slurry. The mean particle size of slurries did not change at all even in the five times recycled slurry. Even though there was a slight increase in the fraction of large particles in the range of 20 to 120 µm in the recycled slurries, no changes in thickness uniformity or defect density were observed when polishing was performed in either new or recycled slurry.
Copper(I) Phenoxide Complexes in the Etherification of Aryl Halides (2010)

No copping out! Copper(I) phenoxide complexes containing chelating ligands (see picture), proposed intermediates in copper-catalyzed etherification of aryl halides, have been synthesized and fully characterized. The kinetic and chemical competence of the isolated complexes are demonstrated for the synthesis of aryl phenyl ethers, and experiments provide evidence against mechanistic pathways involving the formation of either free or caged radicals. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Regulated Expression of the Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Particle Protein SmN in Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation (1990)

The SmN protein is a component of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles and is closely related to the ubiquitous SmB and B' splicing proteins. It is expressed in a limited range of tissues and cell types, including several undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma cell lines and undifferentiated embryonic stem cells. The protein declines to undetectable levels when embryonal carcinoma or embryonic stem cells are induced to differentiate, producing primitive endoderm or parietal endoderm or yielding embryonal bodies. This decline is due to a corresponding decrease in the level of the SmN mRNA. The potential role of SmN in the regulation of alternative splicing in embryonic cell lines and early embryos is discussed.