gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accelerated Age-Related Cognitive Decline and Neurodegeneration, Caused by Deficient DNA Repair (2011)

Age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases are a growing challenge for our societies with their aging populations. Accumulation of DNA damage has been proposed to contribute to these impairments, but direct proof that DNA damage results in impaired neuronal plasticity and memory is lacking. Here we take advantage of Ercc1(Δ/-) mutant mice, which are impaired in DNA nucleotide excision repair, interstrand crosslink repair, and double-strand break repair. We show that these mice exhibit an age-dependent decrease in neuronal plasticity and progressive neuronal pathology, suggestive of neurodegenerative processes. A similar phenotype is observed in mice where the mutation is restricted to excitatory forebrain neurons. Moreover, these neuron-specific mutants develop a learning impairment. Together, these results suggest a causal relationship between unrepaired, accumulating DNA damage, and age-dependent cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. Hence, accumulated DNA damage could therefore be an important factor in the onset and progression of age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases.
Cache modelling in a performance evaluator for parallel database systems (2002)

Cache modelling is an important issue in developing an analytical performance evaluator to estimate the performance of applications running on parallel DBMSs. This paper describes a cache model developed for parallel cache management in the Oracle7 parallel server. Some preliminary results have also been obtained by using the cache model to predict the cache hit ratio for varying database sizes and varying numbers of participating processing elements.
Design of clinical trials in sepsis: problems and pitfalls (1998)

The pathophysiology of sepsis has been studied intensively in recent years and a variety of opportunities for therapeutic intervention have been identified. A number of biological products including endotoxin antibodies, cytokine inhibitors and receptor antagonists have been evaluated after the failure of pharmacological doses of steroids to influence survival in septic shock. Despite a number of large, international multi-centre studies, the therapeutic promise of these various interventions remains unfulfilled. These trials have largely been conducted in intensive care units in a heterogeneous population of patients with various entry criteria and end-points of response. While the clinical trial must remain the standard for assessing safety and efficacy of new interventions there are opportunities to improve on the design, execution and analysis of these studies. Factors such as the appropriateness of antibiotic therapy, the adequacy of medical and surgical management, and the issue of withdrawal or withholding of life support are discussed in relation to these studies. Furthermore the role of an independent scientific extramural review committee is stressed, particularly in relation to the impact of confounding events of an unforeseen nature. The potential for improving the quality of the analyses of clinical trials of sepsis is illustrated by a recently completed study of the efficacy of a murine monoclonal antibody to human tumour necrosis factor-alpha.
Unacylated ghrelin and obestatin increase islet cell mass and prevent diabetes in streptozotocin-treated newborn rats (2010)

The ghrelin gene products, namely acylated ghrelin (AG), unacylated ghrelin (UAG), and obestatin (Ob), were shown to prevent pancreatic beta-cell death and to improve beta-cell function under treatment with cytokines, which are major cause of beta-cell destruction in diabetes. Moreover, AG had been described previously to prevent streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats; however, the effect of either UAG or Ob has never been examined in this context. In the present study, we investigated the potential of UAG and Ob to increase islet beta-cell mass and to reduce diabetes at adult age in STZ-treated neonatal rats. One-day-old rats were injected with STZ and subsequently administered with either AG, UAG or Ob for 7 days. On day 70, plasma glucose levels, plasma and pancreatic insulin levels, pancreatic islet area and number, insulin and pancreatic/duodenal homeobox-1 (Pdx1) gene expression, and antiapoptotic BCL2 protein expression were determined. Similarly to AG, both UAG and Ob counteracted STZ-induced high glucose levels and improved plasma and pancreatic insulin levels, which were reduced by the diabetogenic compound. UAG and Ob increased islet area, islet number, and beta-cell mass with respect to STZ treatment alone. Finally, in STZ-treated animals, UAG and Ob up-regulated insulin and Pdx1 mRNA and increased the expression of BCL2 similarly to AG. Taken together, our results suggest that in STZ-treated newborn rats, UAG and Ob improve glucose metabolism and preserve islet cell mass, granting a therapeutic potential in medical conditions associated with impaired beta-cell function.
Rhabdomyosarcoma cells show an energy producing anabolic metabolic phenotype compared with primary myocytes (2008)

The specific 13C isotopomer patterns showed that the major difference between the transformed and the primary cells is the shift from energy and maintenance metabolism in the myocytes toward increased energy and anabolic metabolism for proliferation in the Rh30 cells. The data further show that the mitochondria remain functional in Krebs' cycle activity and respiratory electron transfer that enables continued accelerated glycolysis. This may be a common adaptive strategy in cancer cells.
A switch in numb isoforms is a critical step in cortical development (2007)

Loss of numb function suggests that numb maintains progenitors in an undifferentiated state. Herein, we demonstrate that numb1 and numb3 are expressed in undifferentiated cortical progenitors, whereas numb2 and numb4 become prominent throughout differentiation. To further assess the role of different numb isoforms in cortical neural development, we first created a Numb-null state with antisense morpholino, followed by the re-expression of specific numb isoforms. The re-expression of numb1 or numb3 resulted in a significant reduction of neural differentiation, correlating with an expansion of the cortical progenitor pool. In contrast, the expression of numb2 or numb4 resulted in a reduction of proliferating progenitors and a corresponding increase in mammalian achete-scute homologue (MASH1) expression, concurrent with the appearance of the microtubule[corrected]-associated [corrected] protein-2-positive neurons. Of interest, the effect of numb isoforms on neural differentiation could not be directly related to Notch, because classic canonical Notch signaling assays failed to uncover any differences in the four isoforms to inhibit the Notch downstream events. This finding suggests that numb may have other signaling properties during neuronal differentiation in addition to augmenting notch signal strength.
A parameterizable methodology for Internet traffic flow profiling (1995)

We present a parameterizable methodology for profiling Internet traffic flows at a variety of granularities. Our methodology differs from many previous studies that have concentrated on end-point definitions of flows in terms of state derived from observing the explicit opening and closing of TCP connections. Instead, our model defines flows based on traffic satisfying various temporal and spatial locality conditions, as observed at internal points of the network. This approach to flow characterization helps address some central problems in networking based on the Internet model. Among them are route caching, resource reservation at multiple service levels, usage based accounting, and the integration of IP traffic over an ATM fabric. We first define the parameter space and then concentrate on metrics characterizing both individual flows as well as the aggregate flow profile. We consider various granularities of the definition of a flow, such as by destination network, host-pair, or host and port quadruple. We include some measurements based on case studies we undertook, which yield significant insights into some aspects of Internet traffic, including demonstrating (i) the brevity of a significant fraction of IP flows at a variety of traffic aggregation granularities, (ii) that the number of host-pair IP flows is not significantly larger than the number of destination network flows, and (iii) that schemes for caching traffic information could significantly benefit from using application information.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Gene Therapy Strategies for HIV/AIDS: Preclinical Modeling in Humanized Mice (2013)

In the absence of an effective vaccine and lack of a complete cure, gene therapy approaches to control HIV infection offer feasible alternatives. Due to the chronic nature of infection, a wide window of opportunity exists to gene modify the HIV susceptible cells that continuously arise from the bone marrow source. To evaluate promising gene therapy approaches that employ various anti-HIV therapeutic molecules, an ideal animal model is necessary to generate important efficacy and preclinical data. In this regard, the humanized mouse models that harbor human hematopoietic cells susceptible to HIV infection provide a suitable in vivo system. This review summarizes the currently used humanized mouse models and different anti-HIV molecules utilized for conferring HIV resistance. Humanized mouse models are compared for their utility in this context and provide perspectives for new directions.
Increased Accuracy For Fast Moving LiDARS: Correction of Distorted Point Clouds (2020)

For a long time LiDAR sensors have been used in special purpose applications in robotics to perceive the environment. By the evolution of automated driving to higher levels of automation, LiDAR sensors gain more and more importance also in the automotive domain. Currently, LiDAR is about to become one of the most important sensor technologies enabling automated driving. To limit the emitted power due to safety, state of the art LiDAR sensors scan the environment, which needs time. This scan produces a cloud of points. In this publication the distortion of the LiDAR measurement due to a moving sensor unit is analyzed and a compensation is proposed. That correction, also taking time delays into account, is applied within an autonomous racing application using the LiDAR sensor for localization. Finally, the advantage using the correction is discussed.
Minimum Phase Response in Digitally Controlled Boost and Flyback Converters (2007)

This paper addresses modeling and control issues related to practical high-frequency digital PWM control of constant-frequency boost, buck-boost and flyback converters. Discrete-time models, including the effects of A/D sampling and delays in the digital control loop, are derived for two cases: output voltage A/D sampling during transistor off time in combination with trailing-edge (TE) DPWM, and A/D sampling during transistor on time in combination with leading-edge (LE) DPWM. We show that off-time sampling with TE-DPWM, which is a common approach in digital controller realizations, can result in desirable minimum-phase responses, thus simplifying compensator design in wide bandwidth closed-loop voltage regulators based on boost or flyback converters. The results are verified by simulation and experimental results on a boost converter prototype.
Experimental orthotopic transplantation of a tissue-engineered oesophagus in rats (2014)

A tissue-engineered oesophageal scaffold could be very useful for the treatment of pediatric and adult patients with benign or malignant diseases such as carcinomas, trauma or congenital malformations. Here we decellularize rat oesophagi inside a perfusion bioreactor to create biocompatible biological rat scaffolds that mimic native architecture, resist mechanical stress and induce angiogenesis. Seeded allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells spontaneously differentiate (proven by gene-, protein and functional evaluations) into epithelial- and muscle-like cells. The reseeded scaffolds are used to orthotopically replace the entire cervical oesophagus in immunocompetent rats. All animals survive the 14-day study period, with patent and functional grafts, and gain significantly more weight than sham-operated animals. Explanted grafts show regeneration of all the major cell and tissue components of the oesophagus including functional epithelium, muscle fibres, nerves and vasculature. We consider the presented tissue-engineered oesophageal scaffolds a significant step towards the clinical application of bioengineered oesophagi.
Information‐Processed Matched Filters for Hyperspectral Target Detection and Classification (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Techniques Using Different Levels of Target Information Linearly Constrained Minimum Variance (LCMV) Anomaly Detection Information-Processed Matched-Filters Experiments Conclusion References
Activity of the purified mutagenesis proteins UmuC, UmuD', and RecA in replicative bypass of an abasic DNA lesion by DNA polymerase III. (1992)

The introduction of a replication-inhibiting lesion into the DNA of Escherichia coli generates the induced, multigene SOS response. One component of the SOS response is a marked increase in mutation rate, dependent on RecA protein and the induced mutagenesis proteins UmuC and UmuD. A variety of previous indirect approaches have indicated that SOS mutagenesis results from replicative bypass of the DNA lesion by DNA polymerase III (pol III) holoenzyme in a reaction mediated by RecA, UmuC, and a processed form of UmuD termed UmuD'. To study the biochemistry of SOS mutagenesis, we have reconstituted replicative bypass with a defined in vitro system containing purified protein and a DNA substrate with a single abasic DNA lesion. The replicative bypass reaction requires pol III, UmuC, UmuD', and RecA. The nonprocessed UmuD protein does not replace UmuD' but inhibits the bypass activity of UmuD', perhaps by sequestering UmuD' in a heterodimer. Our experiments demonstrate directly that the UmuC-UmuD' complex and RecA act to rescue an otherwise stalled pol III holoenzyme at a replication-blocking DNA lesion.
Adhesion on Carbon-Fibre-Reinforced Plastics (1987)

Abstract The adhesion on CRFP-laminates is technically often used but the microscopic mechanisms are not yet completely understood. Besides the task to characterize the surfaces closely enough, the principal problem to predict the mechanical, physical and chemical properties of the boundary zone remains unsolved. More of less only the “try and error” method leads to the development of adhesive bonding processes, which satisfy the demands of aircraft structures concerning quality, reproducibility and durability. Experiments with varying substrates, surface pretreatments and adhesives show that all these parameters have a distinct influence on the mechanical performance of the bonds.
Phase phenomena in parametric amplifiers and generators of ultrashort light pulses (1986)

This article reviews recent theoretical and experimental investigations in the development of femtosecond lasers based on optical parametric oscillators. Phenomena responsible for producing tunable high-power femtosecond pulses in media with quadratic susceptibility (parametric chirp, chirp reversal in real time, parametric self-compression of pulses with strong energy exchange) are discussed.
Differential Ubiquitination and Proteasome Regulation of Ca<sub>V</sub>2.2 N-Type Channel Splice Isoforms (2012)

Ca(V)2.2 (N-type) calcium channels control the entry of calcium into neurons to regulate essential functions but most notably presynaptic transmitter release. Ca(V)2.2 channel expression levels are precisely controlled, but we know little of the cellular mechanisms involved. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is known to regulate expression of many synaptic proteins, including presynaptic elements, to optimize synaptic efficiency. However, we have limited information about ubiquitination of Ca(V)2 channels. Here we show that Ca(V)2.2 proteins are ubiquitinated, and that elements in the proximal C terminus of Ca(V)2.2 encoded by exon 37b of the mouse Cacna1b gene predispose cloned and native channels to downregulation by the UPS. Ca(V)2.2 channels containing e37b are expressed throughout the mammalian nervous system, but in some cells, notably nociceptors, sometimes e37a--not e37b--is selected during alternative splicing of Ca(V)2.2 pre-mRNA. By a combination of biochemical and functional analyses we show e37b promotes a form of ubiquitination that is coupled to reduced Ca(V)2.2 current density and increased sensitivity to the UPS. Cell-specific alternative splicing of e37a in nociceptors reduces Ca(V)2.2 channel ubiquitination and sensitivity to the UPS, suggesting a role in pain processing.
Ultrapure Water Particle Monitoring for Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing (1989)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Michael Yang, Donald Tolliver; Ultrapure Water Particle Monitoring for Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing. Journal of the IEST 1 July 1989; 32 (4): 35–42. doi: https://doi.org/10.17764/jiet.1.32.4.3n461220gl12j317 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest Search
Dynamic reflectometer for control of laser photocoagulation on the retina (1994)

In retinal laser photocoagulation, constant exposure parameters do not result in identical lesions. This lack of reproducibility increases the rate of complications from over- or undertreatment and inhibits determination of the optimal treatment endpoints for different retinal disorders. To this end, a feedback-controlled photocoagulator could make retinal photocoagulation a safer, more reproducible, and faster procedure. A dynamic confocal reflectometer was integrated into a slit lamp laser delivery system. Real-time reflectance changes on the retinas of pigmented rabbits were obtained by monitoring the increasing back-scattered light of the coagulating beam during argon laser photocoagulation. Reproducible temporal reflectance patterns were measured that correlated with ophthalmoscopically assessed lesion intensity independent of the exposure parameters, the transparency of the optical media, and the focusing conditions. As a step toward the development of a feedback-controlled photocoagulator, the confocal reflectometer has been proven in animal trials closely resembling clinical practice.
PolarTrack (2018)

PolarTrack is a novel camera-based approach to detecting and tracking mobile devices inside the capture volume. In PolarTrack, a polarization filter continuously rotates in front of an off-the-shelf color camera, which causes the displays of observed devices to periodically blink in the camera feed. The periodic blinking results from the physical characteristics of current displays, which shine polarized light either through an LC overlay to produce images or through a polarizer to reduce light reflections on OLED displays. PolarTrack runs a simple detection algorithm on the camera feed to segment displays and track their locations and orientations, which makes PolarTrack particularly suitable as a tracking system for cross-device interaction with mobile devices. Our evaluation of PolarTrack's tracking quality and comparison with state-of-the-art camera-based multi-device tracking showed a better tracking accuracy and precision with similar tracking reliability. PolarTrack works as standalone multi-device tracking but is also compatible with existing camera-based tracking systems and can complement them to compensate for their limitations.
Superdormant Spores of <i>Bacillus</i> Species Have Elevated Wet-Heat Resistance and Temperature Requirements for Heat Activation (2009)

Purified superdormant spores of Bacillus cereus, B. megaterium, and B. subtilis isolated after optimal heat activation of dormant spores and subsequent germination with inosine, d-glucose, or l-valine, respectively, germinate very poorly with the original germinants used to remove dormant spores from spore populations, thus allowing isolation of the superdormant spores, and even with alternate germinants. However, these superdormant spores exhibited significant germination with the original or alternate germinants if the spores were heat activated at temperatures 8 to 15 degrees C higher than the optimal temperatures for the original dormant spores, although the levels of superdormant spore germination were not as great as those of dormant spores. Use of mixtures of original and alternate germinants lowered the heat activation temperature optima for both dormant and superdormant spores. The superdormant spores had higher wet-heat resistance and lower core water content than the original dormant spore populations, and the environment of dipicolinic acid in the core of superdormant spores as determined by Raman spectroscopy of individual spores differed from that in dormant spores. These results provide new information about the germination, heat activation optima, and wet-heat resistance of superdormant spores and the heterogeneity in these properties between individual members of dormant spore populations.
Energy Efficiency Improvement and Cost Saving Opportunities for the Petrochemical Industry - An ENERGY STAR(R) Guide for Energy and Plant Managers (2008)

Energy is the most important cost factor in the U.S petrochemical industry, defined in this guide as the chemical industry sectors producing large volume basic and intermediate organic chemicals as well as large volume plastics. The sector spent about $10 billion on fuels and electricity in 2004. Energy efficiency improvement is an important way to reduce these costs and to increase predictable earnings, especially in times of high energy price volatility. There are a variety of opportunities available at individual plants in the U.S. petrochemical industry to reduce energy consumption in a cost-effective manner. This Energy Guide discusses energy efficiency practices and energy efficient technologies that can be implemented at the component, process, facility, and organizational levels. A discussion of the trends, structure, and energy consumption characteristics of the petrochemical industry is provided along with a description of the major process technologies used within the industry. Next, a wide variety of energy efficiency measures are described. Many measure descriptions include expected savings in energy and energy-related costs, based on case study data from real-world applications in the petrochemical and related industries worldwide. Typical measure payback periods and references to further information in the technical literature are also provided, when available. The information in this Energy Guide is intended to help energy and plant managers in the U.S. petrochemical industry reduce energy consumption in a cost-effective manner while maintaining the quality of products manufactured. Further research on the economics of all measures--and on their applicability to different production practices--is needed to assess their cost effectiveness at individual plants.