gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental study of utility function selection for video over IEEE 802.22 wireless regional area networks (2009)

Cognitive Radio (CR) is a new wireless communications and networking paradigm that is enabled by the Software Defined Radio (SDR) technology and a recent change in spectrum regulation policy. As the first commercial application of CR technology, IEEE 802.22 wireless regional area networks (WRAN) aim to offer broadband wireless access by efficiently utilizing “white spaces” in the broadcast TV bands. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of an IEEE 802.22 WRAN base station (BS) cognitive engine (CE) testbed developed at Wireless@Virginia Tech on supporting video applications. We investigate the important problem of utility function selection and its impact on the received video quality. Through testbed experiments, we find that a video-specific utility function achieves significant improvements on received video quality over a general purpose utility function, indicating the efficacy of cross-layer design and more importantly, the need for adopting dynamic situation- and application-aware utility functions at the CE, rather than a predefined static one.
Modified Atmosphere Packaged Cheddar Cheese Shreds:  Influence of Fluorescent Light Exposure and Gas Type on Color and Production of Volatile Compounds (2001)

The influences of fluorescent light exposure and packaging atmosphere on the headspace volatiles and color of Cheddar cheese shreds were evaluated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and spectrocolorimetry, respectively. Cheddar cheeses were packaged under atmospheres of 100% carbon dioxide or 100% nitrogen and stored at 4 degrees C under fluorescent light for 6 weeks. Cheeses stored under carbon dioxide contained higher concentrations of aldehydes and fatty acids and lower concentrations of alcohols and esters than cheeses stored under nitrogen. Carbon dioxide atmospheres potentiated light-induced oxidation in shredded Cheddar cheeses, as evidenced by aldehyde and fatty acid headspace volatiles measured following storage. Color bleaching occurred only in cheeses packaged under carbon dioxide and exposed to light. The shift in color is proposed to be due to an interaction between carbon dioxide and high-intensity light, leading to the oxidation of the pigment molecule, bixin. The results have significant implications for procedures used to handle and store pigmented cheeses to ensure desirable flavor and consumer acceptability.
CONCERNING THE PIGMENTS OF THE TWO-SPOTTED OCTOPUS AND THE OPALESCENT SQUID (1942)

The kinds and tissue-distribution of various pigments in the cephalopods Paroctopus bimaculatus and Loligo opalescens are described and discussed. Melanins, stored in quantity in eyes and ink of both species, are far more plentiful in the integument of the octopus than in that of the squid. Flavines were detected with certainty only in the pericardial (excretory) glands of the octopus. This species also yielded, from its kidneys, a water-soluble, iron-containing red pigment with reducing properties. Carotenoids were present only in traces in any of the organs of the squid. This was likewise true of the octopus, save in the liver-pancreas of this species, which contained a variety of carotenoids in amounts of 3.5 mg. (lutein equivalents) per 100 grams of moist tissue (average value). Ink from the sac adjacent to the liver contained 0.55 to 0.70 mg. lutein equivalents per 100 grams. In the liver of Paroctopus, free and esterified xanthophylls, predominantly of the lutein class, were accompanied by smaller amounts of other xanthophylls, β-carotene and an additional unfamiliar carotene, and a unique carotenoid acid, appearing on hydrolysis, not identical spectroscopically with astacene or with the metridene of Fox and Pantin. The ink of this species yielded no carotenes, but free and esterified xanthophylls and (on hydrolysis) a carotenoid acid similar to respective compounds recovered from the liver. Whilst starvation brought about the gradual disappearance of carotenoids from liver and ink, autolysis of the liver or incubation of its ground tissues resulted in only slow loss of the pigments.
Screening of cervical cytological samples using coherent optical processing Part 1 (1978)

Coherent optical signal processing methods for screening Pap smears were evaluated and are presented in a three-part sequence. In Part 1, 2-D Fourier spectra of normal and abnormal cells generated from many high resolution cell photographs are presented. Each cell spectrum was measured with a coherent optical data processing system containing a special geometry detector and automated data collection capability. Several parameters, determined from weighted measures of the cell transform intensity variations, were tested as feature discriminators to separate normal from abnormal cells. An analysis of the experimental data demonstrates that several transform features are good discriminators of normal/abnormal cells (using standard Baysian decision algorithms with quadratic decision rules). In Part 2, mathematical model studies to guide and validate the experimental work show certain transform parameters to be functionally related to cell and nucleus diameter and optical density. Other parameters appear to be related to cell characteristics such as clumping of nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The model studies also show that the photographic variables play a key role in cell image preprocessing prior to Fourier analysis. Part 3 discusses an optical transducer that was used as a film replacement to modulate a laser beam spatially with a cell image. Several of the feature discriminators used in Part 1 with photographic film images served also to separate normal and malignant cell types when the cell Fourier spectrum was obtained from a transducer image. Based on an understanding of the procedure from the model studies and the demonstrated ability to separate normal and malignant cells using certain transform features, a coherent optical processing system to screen Pap smears from cell or slide photographs is feasible and appears practical in terms of the number of cells to be processed. A high-speed optical transducer would be required for processing large numbers of cells without photography in a reasonable time interval.
The Pto Bacterial Resistance Gene and the Fen Insecticide Sensitivity Gene Encode Functional Protein Kinases with Serine/Threonine Specificity (1995)

The catalytic activity and amino acid specificity of the tomato Pto and Fen kinases were investigated. The Pto and Fen genes were fused to the carboxyl terminus of the maltose-binding protein and expressed in Escherichia coli. Incubation of the purified fusion proteins with [gamma-32P]ATP in an in vitro assay showed that both proteins were capable of autophosphorylation. Mutant fusion proteins in which the conserved lysine residue of subdomain II was changed to a glutamine were unable to autophosphorylate. Phosphoamino analysis of the active fusion proteins indicated that both kinases phosphorylate serine and threonine residues but not tyrosine.
Air-based system for the measurement of porosity (1991)

An experimental system for the measurement of porosity, the volume fraction of air contained in a material, is described. Porosity is important as one of several parameters required by acoustical theory to characterize a porous material. As with the technique described by Beranek [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 13, 248–260 (1942)], the isothermal pressure change in a closed volume containing a sample material is measured for a known change in the volume. The volume of air contained in the sample, and hence the porosity, is inferred from these two quantities. The new system, though, avoids the use of liquids, either directly in the technique or for temperature stabilization. Instead, a piston of accurately known diameter is used to produce the change in volume, and the change in pressure is measured with an electronic pressure transducer. Model calculations and measurements on real materials confirm that porosity can be measured rapidly and conveniently with this apparatus, with an accuracy of better than 1% over a broad range of sample volumes and porosities.
Chemistry of the Non-Metals (1976)

"Steude's book offers a very readable and easy-to-understand presentation of the key concepts of inorganic molecular chemistry. Following an introduction into chemical bonding, the book focuses on the material chemistry of the main group elements." Prof. Dr. Michael Ruck, TU Dresden
Third-Eye (2018)

Air pollution has raised people's public health concerns in major cities, especially for Particulate Matter under 2.5μm (PM2.5) due to its significant impact on human respiratory and circulation systems. In this paper, we present the design, implementation, and evaluation of a mobile application, Third-Eye, that can turn mobile phones into high-quality PM2.5 monitors, thereby enabling a crowdsensing way for fine-grained PM2.5 monitoring in the city. We explore two ways, crowdsensing and web crawling, to efficiently build large-scale datasets of the outdoor images taken by mobile phone, weather data, and air-pollution data. Then, we leverage two deep learning models, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for images and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) network for weather and air-pollution data, to build an end-to-end framework for training PM2.5 inference models. Our App has been downloaded more than 2,000 times and runs more than 1 year. The real user data based evaluation shows that Third-Eye achieves 17.38 μg/m3 average error and 81.55% classification accuracy, which outperforms 5 state-of-the-art methods, including three scattered interpolations and two image based estimation methods. The results also demonstrate how Third-Eye offers substantial enhancements over typical portable PM2.5 monitors by simultaneously improving accessibility, portability, and accuracy.
A new correlation‐based fuzzy logic clustering algorithm for FMRI (1998)

Fuzzy logic clustering algorithms are a new class of processing strategies for functional MRI (fMRI). In this study, the ability of such methods to detect brain activation on application of a stimulus task is demonstrated. An optimization of the selected algorithm with regard to different parameters is proposed. These parameters include (a) those defining the pre-processing procedure of the data set; (b) the definition of the distance between two time courses, considered as p-dimensional vectors, where p is the number of sequential images in the fMRI data set; and (c) the number of clusters to be considered. Based on the assumption that such a clustering algorithm should cluster the pixel time courses according to their similarity and not their proximity (in terms of distance), cross-correlation-based distances are defined. A clear mathematical description of the algorithm is proposed, and its convergence is proven when similarity measures are used instead of conventional Euclidean distance. The differences between the membership function given by the algorithm and the probability are clearly exposed. The algorithm was tested on artificial data sets, as well as on data sets from six volunteers undergoing stimulation of the primary visual cortex. The fMRI maps provided by the fuzzy logic algorithm are compared to those achieved by the well established cross-correlation technique.
Chirped lasers dispersion spectroscopy implemented with single- and dual-sideband electro-optical modulators (2013)

We report new approaches for signal generation in Chirped Laser Dispersion Spectroscopy (CLaDS). Two optical arrangements based on electro-optical modulators significantly reduce CLaDS system complexity and enable optimum performance when applied to detection of GHz-wide molecular transitions. Proof-of-principle experiments in the near-infrared spectral range are presented and potential strategies for application in the mid-infrared are discussed.
A Study on the Torque Capacity of a Metal Pushing V-Belt for CVTs (1998)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The mechanism causing the micro slip characteristic of a metal CVT belt during torque transmission was analyzed, focusing on the gap distribution between the elements. It was hypothesized that gaps between the elements cause slip to occur between the elements and the pulleys when the belt is squeezed between the two halves of the pulleys, and the slip ratio was calculated theoretically on that assumption. The μ-v (friction coefficient versus sliding velocity) characteristic between the elements and the pulleys was measured and the results were used in calculating the slip ratio. As a result, a simulation procedure was developed for predicting the slip-limit torque of the belt on the basis of calculations. The slip ratio found by simulation and the calculated slip-limit torque showed good quantitative agreement with the experimental data, thereby confirming the validity of the simulation procedure. This simulation procedure was then used to analyze the effect of the pulley ratio and pulley clamping force on the slip ratio and slip-limit torque. The results yielded a method for determining a suitable pulley clamping force.</div>
From Angular Manifolds to the Integer Lattice: Guaranteed Orientation Estimation With Application to Pose Graph Optimization (2014)

Pose graph optimization from relative measurements is challenging because of the angular component of the poses: the variables live on a manifold product with nontrivial topology and the likelihood function is nonconvex and has many local minima. Because of these issues, iterative solvers are not robust to large amounts of noise. This paper describes a global estimation method, called multi-hypothesis orientation-from-lattice estimation in 2-D (MOIE2D), for the estimation of the nodes' orientation in a pose graph. We demonstrate that the original nonlinear optimization problem on the manifold product is equivalent to an unconstrained quadratic optimization problem on the integer lattice. Exploiting this insight, we show that, in general, the maximum likelihood estimate alone cannot be considered a reliable estimator. Therefore, MOIE2D returns a set of point estimates, for which we can derive precise probabilistic guarantees. Experiments show that the method is able to tolerate extreme amounts of noise, far above all noise levels of sensors used in applications. Using MOIE2D's output to bootstrap the initial guess of iterative pose graph optimization methods improves their robustness and makes them avoid local minima even for high levels of noise.
Reviews (1966)

Journal Article Reviews Get access MEDIEVAL AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES IN HONOR OF FRANCIS PEABODY MAGOUN , Jr., edited by Jess B. Bessinger , and Robert P. Creed . London : Allen and Unwin , 1965 ; pp. xi, 314 ; 55s. E. G. STANLEY E. G. STANLEY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 13, Issue 11, November 1966, Pages 424–426, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/13-11-424 Published: 01 November 1966
Methods to produce marker‐free transgenic plants (2006)

Selectable marker genes (SMGs) have been extraordinarily useful in enabling plant transformation because of the low efficiency of transgene integration. The most used SMGs encode proteins resistant to antibiotics or herbicides and use negative selection, i.e., by killing nontransgenic tissue. However, there are perceived risks in wide-scale deployment of SMG-transgenic plants, and therefore research has recently been performed to develop marker-free systems. In this review, transformation using markers not based on antibiotic or herbicide resistance genes, as well as different systems of marker gene deletion, are discussed.
The Polymerase Chain Reaction in the Diagnosis and Evaluation of Pulmonary Infections (1995)

One of the most heralded developments in basic science to reach clinical application in recent years has been the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This technique of DNA amplification, which has already had an enormous effect on the way in which molecular biology research is done (and whose inventor, Kary Mullis, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1993 in recognition of the extraordinary impact of PCR technology on scientific research generally), was quickly appreciated by clinical investigators as having potentially widespread utility in the early diagnosis of a wide range of disorders, such as inherited illnesses and infectious diseases (1). This Commentary will review the application of PCR to the diagnosis and evaluation of respiratory infections. The underlying principle guiding this Commentary is that the ideal diagnostic test for respiratory infectious disease should have the following characteristics: high sensitivity and specificity, high positive and negative predictive value, rapid turnaround time, ease of performance, reliability across samples (the same sample tested repeatedly should give the same result) and across those performing the assay (different laboratories performing the assay on the same specimen will report the same result), and low cost. It is against these criteria that PCR will be measured in this review.
Comparison of DRAM capacitor dielectric by stored charge and holding time using TQV chart (1992)

Dielectric films for DRAM storage capacitors were examined using a TQV chart. This chart enables comparison of performance between different insulating materials with different current-voltage behaviors. It was believed that insulators with higher dielectric constant have larger leakage current, but the results show otherwise. A BaSrTiO/sub 3/ film performed best, but the step coverage of the film should be improved. Silicon nitride films are approaching a thickness limitation, but could be effective if the capacitor electrode structure is improved to utilize the good step coverage.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Re-Designing Retail Stores with Mobile and Wireless Technologies (2012)

Mobile and wireless (M&W) technologies have great potential to improve process efficiency and effectiveness within retail stores, but their application is still very limited. One of the main reasons explaining this situation is considered to be the lack of confidence in the actual benefits and, therefore, in the return on investment. As a matter of facts, activities in this context are characterised by great variety and non-standardised execution and as such the assessment of the costs and benefits of M&W solutions is more difficult than for the upstream tiers of the fast moving consumer goods supply chain (e.g., distribution centres). This paper attempts to provide a contribution for researchers and practitioners by presenting an analytical model to assess the profitability related to investments in multiple M&W solutions for retail stores, thus supporting the decision-making process.
Dye-Sensitized Photopolymerization Processes.<sup>1a</sup> I. The Thionine-Nitrilotripropionamide-Acrylamide System<sup>1b</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDye-Sensitized Photopolymerization Processes.1a I. The Thionine-Nitrilotripropionamide-Acrylamide System1bS. Chaberek, A. Shepp, and R. J. AllenCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1965, 69, 2, 641–647Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100886a047https://doi.org/10.1021/j100886a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views93Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: In situ Moessbauer Spectroscopy Studies of Fe‐Y Zeolites for the Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitric Oxide by Ammonia. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Evidence for covalent bonding of native hapten-protein complexes to smooth lipopolysaccharide of<i>Brucella abortus</i> (1984)

Smooth lipopolysaccharide (S-LPS) of Brucella abortus was dissociated from noncovalently attached components by differential centrifugation and exhaustive treatment with guanidinium thiocyanate. Mild alkaline hydrolysis then released ester-linked fatty acids as well as native hapten (NH)-protein complexes. These complexes, comprising 15 to 20% by weight of the S-LPS, failed to dissociate in guanidinium thiocyanate or in boiling SDS, suggesting covalent attachment. Analyses for 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate demonstrated that the released carbohydrate was NH, rather than degraded O-polysaccharide or intact S-LPS monomers. This provides strong evidence that NH-protein complexes are covalently linked to S-LPS, most likely through ester bonds.
Acidic Mix of FSH Isoforms Are Better Facilitators of Ovarian Follicular Maturation and E2 Production than the Less Acidic (2002)

FSH is secreted as a mix of isoforms with varying biologic attributes. To determine the functional significance of FSH heterogeneity, an acidic (ovine pituitary FSH; C-FSH) and less acidic mix (C-FSH exposed to neuraminidase; N-FSH) were administered to prepubertal lambs. Production of GnRH- induced less acidic FSH was blocked with a competitive GnRH receptor antagonist, Nal-Glu. Beginning 24 h after Nal-Glu, lambs were injected with C-FSH or N-FSH and LH. Controls included untreated, GnRH-treated, and Nal-Glu-treated groups. Blood samples were obtained at 2-h intervals. Plasma FSH levels were similar before treatment and increased over time in the C-FSH but not the N-FSH group (P < 0.001). Three of the six GnRH-treated ewes exhibited an LH surge. Peak E2 concentrations in the GnRH-treated animals were achieved 30-36 h after initiation of treatment. Peak circulating E2 levels tended to be higher in the C-FSH than in the GnRH-treated group. Only two of six N-FSH-treated ewes had a serum E2 rise. The C-FSH ewes had more estrogenic follicles than the GnRH and N-FSH groups (P < 0.05). Our findings show that C-FSH clears more slowly than N-FSH, and C-FSH is a better facilitator of follicular development and maturation than N-FSH.