gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of confined placental mosaicism (CPM) at multiple sites in post‐delivery placentas derived through intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) (2005)

Although earlier studies on pregnancies derived through intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) reported increased non-mosaic aneuploidy among ICSI children, undetected mosaicism, such as confined placental mosaicism (CPM) has not been evaluated. We investigated the incidence of CPM in post-delivery placentas derived from ICSI, evaluated whether CPM was increased and whether it was a contributing factor to negative pregnancy outcome. [Fifty-one post-delivery placentas were collected from patients who underwent ICSI with a normal or negative pregnancy outcome]. Trophoblast and chorionic stroma from three sites were analyzed by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and flow cytometry. Detected abnormalities were confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The incidence of CPM in the ICSI population was compared to the general population from published data. We detected three cases of CPM in our study. One abnormality was found by CGH analysis; partial trisomy 7q and a partial monosomy Xp limited to the trophoblast at two sites. The abnormality was associated with a child affected by spina bifida. Two cases of mosaic tetraploidy were observed by flow cytometry in pregnancies with a normal outcome. All three abnormalities were confirmed by FISH analysis. The incidence of CPM in the ICSI study population was 5.88% (3/51), which was not statistically different from published reports in the general population (5.88% (42/714), Chi square, P > 0.05). The post-ICSI population was not at risk for CPM in this study.
Characterization of porcine platelet glycoproteins recognized by human natural "anti-gal" antibodies (1996)

Human natural "anti-Gal" antibodies are specifically directed to Gal alpha 1-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc residues expressed on non-primate mammal and new world monkey cells. We investigated the relative involvement of purified IgG and IgM anti-Gal as xenoreactive natural antibodies (XNA). IgG and IgM were isolated from human plasma, and anti-Gal antibodies were purified by affinity chromatography on a Synsorb-14 column (Chembiomed, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada). Anti-Gal of both IgM and IgG classes represent the bulk of human XNA that bind to porcine platelets in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). On immunoblots, normal human sera, as well as purified IgM and IgG fractions, reacted with 115-, 125-, 135-, 150-, 180-, 210-, and 240-kd) pig platelet proteins, whereas purified anti-Gal antibodies of both IgM and IgG classes mainly bound to 135-, 150-, 180-, and 210-kD glycoproteins. A low reactivity was observed in ELISA with anti-Gal free IgM and IgG, indicating that xenoantibodies are not solely directed to galactosyl epitopes. These antibodies revealed bands of 115, 125, and 240 kD, alpha-Galactosidase treatment of porcine platelet glycoproteins (gps) enriched by affinity chromatography abrogated the reactivity of 135- and 210-kD proteins. N- and O-glycosidase treatments demonstrated that alpha-galactosyl residues are located on the O-glycans of the 135-kD component. Finally, glycoproteins of 90 and 135 kD were identified by amino acid sequencing as the pig analogs of the human glycoproteins IIIa and IIb, respectively, whereas the 240-kD) component was identified as the porcine fibrinogen, using a new murine monoclonal antibody (naM147-7B6; IgG1) specific for its beta-chain.
The mechanical coupling of lung ventilation to locomotion in the horse (1994)

The phase relationship between the periods of the respiratory and limb cycles is demonstrated in the horse ridden in the field at the canter and gallop. Changes in intra-abdominal pressure, respiratory sounds, periods of ground contact of each foot and volume changes of the rib cage were measured in the normal horse exercised at the walk, trot, canter and gallop in the field. Correlation of these parameters identifies the major mechanical link establishing the coupling of lung ventilation and locomotion in the horse. The force and extent of contraction of the abdominal muscles couples the respiratory and limb cycles so that the mechanics of lung ventilation are synchronized with the mechanics of locomotion to achieve forced expiration.
Combinatorial Color Generation with Mixtures of Dithienyl Photochromes (1999)

The open–closed interconversion of four photochromes, including their photochemical interconversion kinetics and their use in multicolor systems based on multicomponent mixtures, is presented. The Figure shows a picture prepared with three dithienyl photochromes in closed form on a thin-layer chromatography plate after exposure to UV light for 2 min (left) and subsequently to daylight for 12 h (right).
Using Conditional Random Fields to Extract Contexts and Answers of Questions from Online Forums (2008)

Online forum discussions often contain vast amounts of questions that are the focuses of discussions. Extracting contexts and answers together with the questions will yield not only a coherent forum summary but also a valuable QA knowledge base. In this paper, we propose a general framework based on Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) to detect the contexts and answers of questions from forum threads. We improve the basic framework by Skip-chain CRFs and 2D CRFs to better accommodate the features of forums for better performance. Experimental results show that our techniques are very promising. 1
Adaptive In-building Propagation Simulator using ray tracing in WCDMA networks (2008)

In this paper, we describe an Adaptive In-building Propagation Simulator (AIPS) to predict wireless service coverage within buildings for WCDMA networks. The adaptive propagation model was proposed and applied on AIPS. The model provides analysis of the visualized coverage and the received signal strength of the MS (Mobile Station) inside the building by designing the specific location of the transmitter, material of the wall and antenna etc as a construction within building. The performance of this AIPS is investigated by comparing the simulation results with the actual measurements on a location-by-location basis in a building which WCDMA repeaters are operating commercially in KTF, the number 1 WCDMA service provider in Korea. The result shows that the AIPS predicts service coverage on the real access network with a standard deviation of about 5dB over 53 locations in several buildings. The AIPS with the proposed propagation model is widely using to plan the service coverage within a building in KTF WCDMA networks.
The use of neuromuscular blocking drugs in intensive care practice (1995)

Critically ill patients represent a very different population from that of the operating theatre, but much of our knowledge of many of the neuromuscular blocking drugs is derived from intraoperative use. The diversity of clinical-practice and case-mix differences in intensive care are probably responsible for the absence of a formal consensus about the use of neuromuscular blocking drugs in the intensive care unit (ICU). Various surveys suggest that these drugs are used comparatively infrequently, but we do not know whether current usage is either safe or appropriate. In addition to the adverse effects which inevitably accompany prolonged paralysis and immobility, the steroidal relaxants, pancuronium and vecuronium, have also been associated with myopathy. This seems to be aggravated by concurrent use of pharmacologic doses of corticosteroids or the aminoglycoside antibiotics. Neither the mechanism nor the validity of the association with steroidal relaxants is known at present. Muscle dysfunction is a common feature of critical illness, and it is possible that neuromuscular blocking drugs interfere with muscle repair and regrowth. Patients with multiple organ failure present a particular challenge both because of the extent of tissue injury and because drug clearance via the liver or kidneys is generally impaired.
Thermodynamic approach to explain cell adhesion to air–medium interfaces (1995)

Cell damage has been observed in suspension cell cultures with air sparging, especially in the absence of any protective additives. This damage is associated with cells adhering to bubbles, and it has been shown that if this adhesion is prevented, cell damage is prevented. This article presents a thermodynamic approach for predicting cell adhesion at the air-medium interface. With this relationship it can be shown that cell-gas adhesion can be prevented by lowering the surface tension of the liquid growth medium through the addition of surface-active protective additives. The thermodynamic relationship describes the change in free energy as a function of the interfacial tensions between the (i) gas and liquid phases, (ii) gas and cell phases, and (iii) liquid and cell phases. Experimental data, along with theoretical and empirical equations, are used to quantify the changes in free energy that predict the process of cell-gas adhesion. The thermodynamic model is nonspecific in nature and, consequently, results are equally valid for all types of cells. (c) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Environmental initiatives in South African wineries: a comparison between small and large wineries (2001)

Abstract This paper reports on an interview‐based survey of small and large wineries, which considered the perceptions and experiences of both ISO 14001 and an industry specific initiative, called the Integrated Production of Wine scheme (IPW). Large wineries have not yet implemented ISO 14001 but several intend to in future. Small wineries had a poor knowledge of ISO 14001 and believed that ISO management systems (i) are not required by the niche markets they sell to, (ii) require resources that they do not have and (iii) are unsuitable for their informal management style. Although wineries do face market‐related environmental pressure, especially those that export to large supermarkets, there is as yet no pressure to introduce ISO 14001. The majority of wineries are members of the IPW scheme and are willing to make the changes required by it. IPW needs effective systems for monitoring and for removing non‐complying wineries if the system is to improve environmental performance throughout the industry and achieve credibility amongst stakeholders. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
New Insights into Mesenchymal Stromal Cell‐Mediated T‐Cell Suppression Through Galectins (2010)

In recent years, a large number of studies have contributed to our understanding of the immunosuppressive mechanisms used by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC). These include the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and the production of soluble immunosuppressive factors, such as, interleukin-10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). However, whether these factors represent the only triggers involved in immunosuppression is not clear. Indeed, adding IDO inhibitor or neutralizing antibodies against IL-10 and TGF-β to mixed lymphocyte reactions failed to prevent T-cell suppression by MSC, suggesting that there is either redundancy in the mechanisms of immunosuppression or the involvement of other factors yet to be described. Galectins, a family of β-galactoside binding proteins, now emerge as a main regulator of MSC immunosuppressive function. Galectin-1 and galectin-3 are constitutively expressed and secreted by human bone marrow MSC. Inhibition of galectin-1 and galectin-3 gene expression with small interfering RNAs abrogated the suppressive effect of MSC on allogeneic T cells. An increase in our understanding of MSC suppressor mechanisms will offer an insight into the use of these cells in human therapy such as the treatment of graft-versus-host disease, a severe complication after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Transformation system for an asporogenous methylotrophic yeast, Candida boidinii: cloning of the orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase gene (URA3), isolation of uracil auxotrophic mutants, and use of the mutants for integrative transformation (1991)

An integrative transformation system was established for an asporogenous methylotrophic yeast, Candida boidinii. This system uses a uracil auxotrophic mutant of C. boidinii as the host strain in combination with its URA3 gene as the selectable marker. First, the C. boidinii URA3 gene coding for orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase (ODCase) was cloned by using complementation of the pyrF mutation of Escherichia coli. Next, the host ODCase-negative mutant strains (ura3 strains) were isolated by mutagenesis and selection for 5-fluro-orotic acid (5-FOA) resistance. Five ura3 host strains that exhibited both a low reversion rate and good methylotrophic growth were obtained. All of these strains could be transformed to Ura+ phenotype with a C. boidinii URA3-harboring plasmid linearized within the Candida DNA. The transformants had a stable Ura+ phenotype after nonselective growth for 10 generations. These results and extensive Southern analysis indicated that the linearized plasmid was integrated into the host chromosomal DNA by homologous recombination at the URA3 locus in C. boidinii.
Postdeposition growth of a uniquely nanostructured organic film by vacuum annealing (1994)

The organic red pigment N,N-di(3,5-xylyl)perylene-3,4:9,10bis(dicarboximide) is easily vacuum deposited at ambient substrate temperatures to form ordinary looking smooth films. When subsequently annealed in vacuo between ∼160 and 220 °C, an initially 1000 Å uniformly thick film transforms to an extremely dense, random array of discrete, crystalline whiskers, uniformly oriented with their long axes normal to the substrate. Whisker growth occurs at zero supersaturation ratio (no incident flux) and all film material is conserved. Whisker cross sectional dimensions are ∼27×55 nm, lengths 1–1.5 μm, and areal number densities ∼50 per square micron. The high-aspect-ratio whiskers grow purely by surface diffusion to minimum energy binding sites believed to be emergent screw dislocations on the whisker tips, while the uniform cross sectional shapes reflect the ratio of surface free energies of the bounding crystal faces. The transformation has been followed in situ with reflection absorption IR spectroscopy as a function of time and temperature to obtain a dimensionless growth parameter. The surface self-diffusion coefficient and surface entropy to free energy ratio are extracted. The pigment whiskers are readily sputter or vapor-coated to provide conformally coated nanostructure-sized features with metal and semiconductor properties. Vapor coating and annealing of the original pigment films can be done reproducibly in large areas and offer a novel alternative approach to plasma etching and photolithography for producing nanostructured surfaces with new properties.
Inferring a Personalized Next Point-of-Interest Recommendation Model with Latent Behavior Patterns (2016)

In this paper, we address the problem of personalized next Point-of-interest (POI) recommendation which has become an important and very challenging task in location-based social networks (LBSNs), but not well studied yet. With the conjecture that, under different contextual scenario, human exhibits distinct mobility patterns, we attempt here to jointly model the next POI recommendation under the influence of user's latent behavior pattern. We propose to adopt a third-rank tensor to model the successive check-in behaviors. By incorporating softmax function to fuse the personalized Markov chain with latent pattern, we furnish a Bayesian Personalized Ranking (BPR) approach and derive the optimization criterion accordingly. Expectation Maximization (EM) is then used to estimate the model parameters. Extensive experiments on two large-scale LBSNs datasets demonstrate the significant improvements of our model over several state-of-the-art methods.
Detection and alignment of dual-polarization optical quadrature amplitude transmitter IQ and XY skews using reconfigurable interference (2016)

Dual-polarization quadrature amplitude modulation (DP-QAM) is one of the feasible paths towards 100-Gb/s, 400-Gb/s and 1-Tb/s optical fiber communications systems. For DP-QAM transmitter, the time mismatch between the in-phase and quadrature (IQ) or x-polarized and y-polarized (XY) tributary channels is known as the IQ or XY skew. Large uncompensated IQ or XY skew can significantly degrade the optical fiber communications system performance. Sometimes, time-interleaved return-to-zero (RZ) DP signal is preferred with lower nonlinear polarization scattering induced penalty. In this work, detection and alignment of DP-QAM transmitter IQ and XY skews using reconfigurable interference is experimentally demonstrated. For IQ skew detection, a total dynamic range of 26.4 dB is achieved with ~1-dB power change for 0.5-ps skew from well alignment. For XY skew detection, it shows 23.2-dB dynamic range, and ~1.5-dB power change is achieved for 1-ps XY skew. Fast detection algorithm for arbitrary skew is also proposed and experimentally verified. The scheme is compatible with different modulation formats, flexible data sequences, and variable waveforms.
RAP An associative processor for data base management (1975)

Recent concepts in data base management systems (DBMS) necessitate making the logical view and the physical representation of data distinct from each other. Currently, this requirement has to be realized in the environment of conventional Von Neumann architecture. This creates the need for several levels of indirection for mapping one structure into the other. Also, efficient search mechanisms are needed to handle large data bases within concurrent processing and on-line response limits. The implementation of these requirements results in software complexities and inefficiencies in the following way. Pointer mechanisms for mapping structures and providing fast access paths have to be implemented by software and data. These pointers are extra data requiring extensive overhead in storage, access time, and maintenance.
Activity‐Regulated Cytoskeleton‐Associated Protein in Rodent Brain is Down‐Regulated by High Fat Diet <i>in vivo</i> and by 27‐Hydroxycholesterol <i>in vitro</i> (2008)

Growing evidence strongly suggests that high fat diet (HFD) has an important role in some neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). To identify new cellular pathways linking hypercholesterolemia and neurodegeneration, we analyzed the effects of HFD on gene expression in mouse brain. Using cDNA microarrays and real time RT-PCR, we found that HFD has a mild, but significant effect on the expression of several genes. The altered genes include molecules linked to AD pathology and others of potential interest for neurodegeneration. We further investigated the effect of HFD on the activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc). Expression of Arc was decreased in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of HFD-fed animals. From the known regulatory mechanisms of Arc expression, HFD reduced N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activity, as seen by decreases in tyrosine phosphorylation of NMDAR2A and levels of NMDAR1. Additionally, we demonstrated that 27-hydroxycholesterol, a cholesterol metabolite that enters the brain from the blood, decreases Arc levels as well as NMDAR and Src kinase activities in rat primary hippocampal neurons. Finally, we showed that Arc levels are decreased in the cortex of AD brains. We propose that one of the mechanisms, by which hypercholesterolemia contributes to neurodegenerative diseases, could be through Arc down-regulation caused by 27-hydroxycholesterol.
Aggregation Behaviour and Zn<sup>2+</sup>Binding Properties of Secretin (1998)

Dynamic light scattering measurements were carried out on secretin in aqueous solution (2 mM; pH 5.0). The results indicated that the molecule exists as a fairly compact hexamer under these solution conditions. Secondary structural properties of the secretin hexameric complex were evaluated using CD and NMR spectroscopy. Specifically, the spectral properties of secretin in water were examined as a function of peptide concentration. Results from the analyses indicated a 2-fold increase (17-32%) in alpha-helical content within the region Ser11-Arg21 as the peptide concentration was increased from 0.1 to 2 mM. Displacement of the alphaH proton chemical shifts relative to random coil values did not alter significantly with increasing peptide concentration. This observation confirmed that the length of the helical segment is independent of peptide concentration between 0.1 and 2 mM. The nature of the helix was furthermore determined as amphipathic, and thus the potential for a cooperative intermolecular association through the apolar helical face of individual monomers was indicated. These findings suggest that secretin aggregates into symmetric hexamers at millimolar concentrations and, furthermore, that the helical domain is stabilized through this intermolecular association. The potential for secretin to bind divalent cations, including Ca2+ and Zn2+, was also examined by CD1 and NMR spectroscopy. The results revealed that Zn2+ specifically coordinates to the His1 and Asp3 residues of each secretin monomer without disrupting the peptide's helical structure, whereas Ca2+ did not exhibit any interaction with the peptide hormone. It was concluded from these studies that secretin may be stored in a hexameric form within its secretory tissues and that zinc may play a role in the storage of secretin through a specific interaction with the N-terminal histidine and aspartic acid residues.
Induction of zidovudine glucuronidation and amination pathways by rifampicin in HIV‐infected patients (1999)

Rifampicin induced zidovudine glucuronidation and amination pathways resulting in decreased plasma and urine exposures to zidovudine. AMT plasma exposure decreased because induction was more pronounced for the major GZDV metabolite. The magnitude of the residual inductive effect was minimal at 14 days after stopping rifampicin.
Facial Resemblance in Engaged and Married Couples (1989)

This study investigates the commonsense view that 'people tend to marry people who look like themselves'. Various explanations of the observation of facial resemblance were considered by having younger and older raters judge the degree of facial similarity among pairs of photographs representing either actual couples, or randomly paired same age individuals of the opposite sex. The results suggest that the observation of facial resemblance among couples appears to reflect a real phenomenon. It was observed by both young and old, and in new as well as older marital relationships. The study provided no supportfor environmental co-existence, perceptual bias, or matching hypotheses as explanations for this facial resemblance. However, the results are consistent with an explanation based on the repeated mere exposure hypothesis, suggesting that through repeated exposure to their own face and to the faces of others genetically similar to themselves, individuals develop an attraction to faces similar to their own.