gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adherence of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> to Respiratory Epithelial Cells Is Inhibited by Sialylated Oligosaccharides (1998)

To study carbohydrate-mediated adherence of Streptococcus pneumoniae to the human airway, we measured binding of live S. pneumoniae organisms to a cultured cell line derived from the lining of the conjunctiva and to primary monolayers of human bronchial epithelial cells in the presence and absence of oligosaccharide inhibitors. Both encapsulated and nonencapsulated strains of S. pneumoniae grown to mid-logarithmic phase in suspension culture adhered to cultured primary respiratory epithelial cells and the conjunctival cell line. Adherence of nine clinically prevalent S. pneumoniae capsular types studied was inhibited preferentially by sialylated oligosaccharides that terminate with the disaccharide NeuAc alpha2-3(or 6)Galbeta1. Adherence of some strains also was weakly inhibited by oligosaccharides that terminate with lactosamine (Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1). When sialylated oligosaccharides were covalently coupled to human serum albumin at a density of approximately 20 oligosaccharides per molecule of protein, the molar inhibitory potency of the oligosaccharide inhibitor was enhanced 500-fold. The above-mentioned experiments reveal a previously unreported dependence upon sialylated carbohydrate ligands for adherence of S. pneumoniae to human upper airway epithelial cells. Enhanced inhibitory potencies of polyvalent over monovalent forms of oligosaccharide inhibitors of adherence suggest that the putative adhesin(s) that recognizes the structure NeuAc alpha2-3(or 6)Galbeta1 is arranged on the bacterial surface in such a manner that it may be cross-linked by oligosaccharides covalently linked to human serum albumin.
The Dynamic Life of Natural Killer Cells (2004)

Natural killer (NK) cells play important roles in immunological processes, including early defense against viral infections. This review provides an overview of the dynamic in vivo life of NK cells from their development in the bone marrow to their mature peripheral responses and their ultimate demise, with particular emphasis on mouse NK cells and viral infections.
The Use of 8-Aminooctyl Sepharose for the Separation of Some Components of the Hepatic Microsomal Electron Transfer System (1976)

Hepatic microsomes from phenobarbital-pretreated rats were treated with sodium cholate in the presence of glycerol and the solubilized proteins were absorbed on a column of 8-aminooctyl derivative of Sepharose 4B. Washing the column stepwise with buffers containing suitable detergents in addition to cholate resulted in the elution of cytochrome P-450, NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase [EC 1.6.2.2], NADPH-cytochrome c reductase [EC 1.6.2.4], and cytochrome b5; the former two enzymes were eluted with Emulgen 913 (a polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether), and then the latter two were obtained separately by increasing the concentration of added deoxycholate. Thus, cytochrome P-450, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, and cytochrome b5 were purified to specific contents (or activities) of 9--10 nmoles per mg of protein, 15-16 units per mg of protein, and nearly 35 nmoles per mg of protein, respectively (about 40--50% pure), in 40--50% yields. Practically no mutual contamination of the three enzymes was detected. Benzphetamine N-demethylation activity could be reconstituted on mixing the cytochrome P-450 and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase preparations in the presence of cholate. NADH-cytochrome C reductase activity could be observed at high efficiency under appropriate conditions in a system containing the cytochrome b5 and NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase preparations. Various derivatives of Sepharose 4B were compared for effectiveness in the separation of the microsomal election transfer enzymes.
Capacitive discharge heating in graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCapacitive discharge heating in graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometryC. L. Chakrabarti, H. A. Hamed, C. C. Wan, W. C. Li, P. C. Bertels, D. C. Gregoire, and S. LeeCite this: Anal. Chem. 1980, 52, 1, 167–176Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50051a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50051a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views92Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The effect of PGI2 and theophylline on the response of platelets subjected to shear stress (1981)

Abstract A specially designed rotational viscometer was used to investigate the effects of the antiplatelet agent PGI2 in combination with theophylline on the response of human platelets subjected to shear stress. Samples of citrated platelet-rich plasma (PRP) were exposed to shear stress in the viscometer for a period of 5 min at 23 degrees C. The levels of stress studied ranged from 50 to 300 dynes/sq cm. Pretreatment of the platelets with 0.01 microM PGI2 and 500 microM theophylline before exposure to shear stress caused a large reduction in shear-induced platelet aggregation. However, it was also observed that the PGI2-- theophylline pretreatment concomitantly caused a large increase in shear-induced platelet lysis and serotonin release at stress levels equal to or greater than 150 dynes/sq cm. This observed increase in platelet fragility may have important implications for clinical applications of PGI2. The results are discussed and compared to those obtained in prior work in which platelets were pretreated with acetylsalicylic acid or with PGE1.
Brennstoffzellen — Energiequelle für das 21. Jahrhundert? (1996)

Abstract Durch die kalte Verbrennung sauberer Energieträger lassen sich höchste elektrische Umwandlungswirkungsgrade von 50 bis 70% erzielen. Nach technischer Reifung und absehbarer Kostenreduktion kann dies zu einer Umgestaltung unseres Energieversorgungssystem führen.
Chirp reduction of directly modulated semiconductor lasers at 10 Gb/s by strong CW light injection (1994)

The influence of strong light injection on the reduction of the dynamical linewidth broadening of directly current-modulated semiconductor lasers at high bit rates is theoretically investigated and experimentally verified for 10 Gb/s NRZ pseudorandom modulation with a large current swing of 40 mA pp. Significant chirp reduction and single-mode operation are observed for bulk DFB, quantum well DFB lasers at 10 Gb/s and a weakly coupled bulk DFB laser at 8 Gb/s, so that an improvement of the transmission performance using standard monomode fibers in the 1.55 /spl mu/m low-loss wavelength region can be achieved for all these laser types, where dispersion otherwise causes severe penalties for long-haul transmission. The properties of injection-locked bulk DFB and quantum well DFB lasers with respect to high bit rate modulation have been systematically studied by the use of the rate equation formalism. A dynamically stable locking range of more than 30 GHz under modulation has been found for both laser types with injection ratios higher than 0.5.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
L-DOPA and behavior (1972)

owners (hospital boards) have the parks (hospitals), hire the managers (administrators or medical directors), buy and sell the players (appoint and refuse to appoint the medical staffs)! In this volume are collected and edited the papers presented at an in¬ vitational conference called by the editor. It includes the informal dis¬ cussion following each specific area of the conference. However, there is too much jargon to make the book com¬ fortable reading for those who are biologically oriented. Another, and unfortunate, shortcoming is the per¬ functory recognition of the avowed purpose of reviewing the pertinent literature. If a unifying thread does run through this uneven and almost ran¬ domly variegated fabric, it is that the hospital is the health care system and the administrator is the tailor, sew¬ ing to the specifications of the social psychologist.
Analysis of Glycosaminoglycans with Polysaccharide Lyases (2001)

Polysaccharide lyases are a class of enzymes useful for analysis of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and the glycosaminoglycan component of proteoglycans (PGs). These enzymes cleave specific glycosidic linkages present in acidic polysaccharides and result in depolymerization. The lyases are derived from a wide variety of pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria and fungi. This class of enzymes includes heparin lyases (heparinases), heparan sulfate lyases (heparanases or heparitinases), chondroitin lyases (chondroitinases), and hyaluronate lyases (hyaluronidases), all of which are described in this unit. Two protocols describe depolymerization of GAGs, and two support protocols describe assays to confirm and quantitate the activity of heparin and chondroitin ABC lyases.
An association between the allele coding for a low activity variant of catechol-O-methyltransferase and the risk for breast cancer. (1997)

Mounting evidence suggests that catechol metabolites of estradiol may contribute to the development of estrogen-induced cancers. O-Methylation, catalyzed by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), inactivates catechol estrogens. COMT is polymorphic in the human population, with 25% of Caucasians being homozygous for a low activity allele of the enzyme (COMT(LL)). We hypothesized that low activity COMT may be a risk factor for human breast cancer and designed a PCR-based RFLP assay to determine COMT genotype in a cohort of 112 matched, nested case-control samples. In the total study population, the odds ratios for the association of breast cancer risk with COMT(HL) and COMT(LL) genotypes were 1.30 [confidence interval (CI), 0.66-2.58] and 1.45 (CI, 0.69-3.07), respectively. Postmenopausal COMT(LL) women had a greater than 2-fold increased risk of developing breast cancer [odds ratio (OR), 2.18; CI, 0.93-5.11]. The association of COMT(LL) with the development of postmenopausal breast cancer was stronger and statistically significant in those women with a body mass index >24.47 kg/m2 (OR, 3.58; CI, 1.07-11.98). When COMT(LL) was combined with either glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1 null or with GSTP1 Ile-105-Val/Val-105-Val (intermediate/low activity, respectively) genotypes, the risk for developing postmenopausal breast cancer was also significantly increased. Our findings suggest that the allele encoding low activity COMT may be an important contributor to the postmenopausal development of breast cancer in certain women.
Management of the perineal wound with constant irrigation and suction after abdominoperineal excision for cancer of the rectum. A new suction/irrigation drain. (1979)

The technique of primary closure of the perineal wound combined with continuous irrigation and suction of the operative site has been used in 21 patients who underwent abdominoperineal excision for cancer of the rectum or anal canal. Primary healing occurred in 19 patients within 18 days, and all patients healed within 2 months. These results are in marked contrast to those in 38 patients treated with constant suction alone, of whom only 17 healed primarily.
Synthesis and binding properties of a macrobicyclic receptor for N-protected peptides with a carboxylic acid terminus (2000)

A novel macrobicyclic receptor, 3, has been synthesised by linking together a diaminopyridine with suitable amino acids, followed by a double intramolecular cyclisation of a suitably activated precursor. Macrobicycle 3 features a diamidopyridine unit, designed to serve as a specific binding site for carboxylic acid functionality, at the base of an open, bowl-shaped cavity. Incorporation of additional amide functionality around the rim of the bowl-shaped structure provides further hydrogen bonding sites to interact with peptidic guests. The binding properties of 3 with N-protected amino acid and peptide derivatives have been investigated by NMR titration experiments, which reveal that 3 is a strong and selective receptor for peptides with a carboxylic acid terminus in CDCl3 solution, the strongest binding being observed with Cbz-β-alanyl-D-alanine (−ΔGass = 22.8 kJ mol−1). The macrobicycle is reasonably enantioselective (Cbz-β-alanyl-L-alanine, −ΔGass = 19.1 kJ mol−1) and notably the binding of Cbz-β-alanyl lactic acids is considerably weaker than the binding of the corresponding Cbz-β-alanyl alanines (ΔΔGass ≈ 8–9 kJ mol−1). Molecular modelling and 2D NMR studies have been carried out on the free macrobicycle and the 1:1 complex formed with the most strongly bound substrate (Cbz-β-alanyl-D-alanine). These studies provide a consistent picture of the macrobicycle as a flexible receptor, which is able to bind the Cbz-β-alanyl-D-alanine substrate in the macrobicyclic cavity with a series of well defined hydrogen bonds to the alanylalanine amide, and less well defined hydrogen bonds to the benzylcarbamate functionality.
Pharmacological manipulation of dendritic cells in the pursuit of transplantation tolerance (2011)

Although the rational design of tolerogenic dendritic cells for modulating the outcome of organ transplantation remains ambitious, the use of pharmacological agents to influence their functional phenotype continues to illuminate the basic biology of this critical cell type.
Synthesis and Characterization of<i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene Phospha-Palladacycles and Their Properties in Heck Catalysis (2005)

Palladacycles are among the most active catalyst systems for the Mizoroki−Heck reaction to date. We present N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) substituted phospha-palladacycles as a new class of catalysts. This new type of palladacycles combines the advantageous stability of phospha-palladacycles with the steric demand and high σ-donor strength of N-heterocyclic carbenes. In this work NHC-substituted phospha-palladacycles are tested in Heck catalysis. The activity of these catalysts allows the coupling of even aryl chlorides in good yields.
Stent-Supported Aneurysm Coiling: A Literature Survey of Treatment and Follow-Up (2011)

In experienced hands, the morbidity of stent-supported coiling is somewhat higher compared with "traditional" coiling. As might be expected, execution of the procedure appears improved with experience. Complete occlusion rates remain somewhat low. More and longer term angiographic follow-up information is needed to understand delayed stent-related issues and to better define the durability of treatment.
Rice: origin, history, technology and production. (1999)

ORIGIN AND HISTORY. The Origin and Domestication of Cotton (C. Brubaker, et al.). Taxonomy and Gemplasm Resources (A. Percival, et al.). Develpoment of the World Cotton Industry (O. May & K. Lege). History of Cultivar Development in the United States (C. Smith, et al.). THE COTTON PLANT. Morphology and Anatomy of the Cotton Plant (D. Oosterhuis & J. Jernstedt). Physiology of the Cotton Plant (J. Cothren). Cotton Fiber Quality (C. Benedict, et al.). The Cotton Seed (N. Hopper & R. McDaniel). Qualitative Genetics (R. Percy & R. Kohel). Techniques for Development of New Cultivars (D. Calhoun & D. Bowman). Future Horizons: Biotechnology for Cotton Improvement (A. Paterson & R. Smith). PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTION HAZARDS. Production Statistics (C. Smith). Production Practices (J. Silvertooth, et al.). Insect and Mite Pests of Cotton ( B. Leonard, et al.). Diseases of Cotton (A. Bell). Cotton Nematodes (A. Robinson). Weeds and Their Control (C. Bryson, et al.). Cotton Marketing (C. Anderson). PROCESSING AND PRODUCTS. Ginning (W. Mayfield, et al.). Classing of Fiber (H. Ramey). The Spinning Process (H. Smith & R. Zhu). Yarn Preparation, Fabric Formation, and Finishing (J. Price, et al.). Cottonseed Processing (S. Gregory, et al.). Glossary. Index.
Highly monodisperse polymer-capped ZnO nanoparticles: Preparation and optical properties (2000)

We report the preparation of highly monodisperse ZnO nanoparticles using poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) as the capping molecules. The surface-modified ZnO nanoparticles were found to be remarkably stable. The optical absorption shows distinct excitonic features. Markedly enhanced near-band-edge ultraviolet photoluminescence and significantly reduced defect-related green emission were also observed. We attribute this observation to the nearly perfect surface passivation of the ZnO nanoparticles by the PVP molecules. The third-order nonlinear optical response of these PVP-capped ZnO nanoparticles in a dilute solution was found to be significantly larger (by at least two orders of magnitude) than that of the bulk ZnO.
Flat-top narrow-band spectral response obtained from cascaded resonant grating reflection filters (2002)

Cascaded identical resonant grating reflection filters are shown to exhibit flattened spectral responses when the individual filter elements are cascaded pi out of phase. Off resonance, the net response of a cascaded arrangement is given approximately by the sum of the individual filter responses. Cascading filters pi out of phase thus result in a reduction in the off-resonance reflection levels and correspondingly an increase in the spectral bandpass ratio. The spectral bandpass ratio is a figure of merit used to gauge the flatness of a response and is defined as the ratio of the linewidth at an efficiency of 90% to the linewidth at an efficiency of 10%. Cascading two and three filters in this manner results in respective increases in the spectral bandpass ratio of three times and more than five times that of a single filter.
Myo Gesture Control Armband for Medical Applications (2015)

Through studying the relationship between surface electromyography and hand\nkinematics, hand-amputees may be able to recover a significant part of their lost functionality\nusing noninvasive methods. By investigating the accuracy of the Myo gesture control\narmband, more people may be able to afford devices which help them recover said\nfunctionality. By setting up an experiment using a data acquisition interface to gather surface\nelectromyography to classify movements, the accuracy of the Myo armband can be compared\nto other devices that have been used in similar benchmark studies. By analyzing the results\nobtained, the Myo armband may be a viable replacement for other, more expensive devices\nthat can analyze surface electromyography. This project aims to provide an interface to\nrecord gestural data from the Myo gesture control armband relative to a scientific benchmark\ndatabase as well as to provide an extendable platform through which other researchers may\nconduct further relevant experiments using other devices and sensors.
THE ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY AND CAPACITY OF DISPERSE SYSTEMS (1931)

This report refers in particular to suspensions of biological cells. The interior of a biological cell is a well-conducting salt solution, but at its surface polarization or the presence of a nonconducting membrane obstructs the passage of an electric current with a resulting low conductivity and high dielectric constant of the suspension. The theory for the passage of an alternating current through a suspension of this type is dealt with and experimental work with various kinds of suspensions such as cream, wet sand, blood, and animal tissue, is described to show the applicability of the theory. The determination of the volume concentration of suspensions, of the form factor of the suspended particles, of the thickness of surface membranes, and of the interior conductivity of living cells, are instances of practical applications.
Recent Insights and Novel Bioinformatics Tools to Understand the Role of MicroRNAs Binding to 5' Untranslated Region (2012)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression through the binding of the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of specific mRNAs. MiRNAs are post-transcriptional regulators and determine the repression of translation processes or the degradation of mRNA targets. Recently, another kind of miRNA-mediated regulation of translation (repression or activation) involving the binding of miRNA to the 5'UTR of target gene has been reported. The possible interactions and the mechanism of action have been reported in many works that we reviewed here. Moreover, we discussed also the available bioinformatics tools for predicting the miRNA binding sites in the 5'UTR and public databases collecting this information.
ChemInform Abstract: Why Hybrid Porous Solids Capture Greenhouse Gases? (2011)

Abstract Review: 78 refs.
CAB-DW&#x2122; for 5 &#x00B5;m trace-width deposition of solar cell metallization top-contacts (2009)

This paper reviews methods for creating solar cell grid contacts and explores how cell efficiency can be increased using CAB-DW <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TM</sup> . Specifically, the efficiency of p-i-n structure solar cells built in-house with 90 μm sputtered lines and 5 μm CAB-DW <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TM</sup> lines were compared. Preliminary results of the comparison show a marked improvement in solar cell efficiency using CAB-DW <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TM</sup> . In addition, a theoretical and experimental analysis of the dynamics of particle impaction on a substrate (i.e. whether particles stick or bounce) is presented including how this analysis may lead to further improvement of CAB-DW <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TM</sup> .
Image Processing Using Multi-Code GAN Prior (2020)

Despite the success of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) in image synthesis, applying trained GAN models to real image processing remains challenging. Previous methods typically invert a target image back to the latent space either by back-propagation or by learning an additional encoder. However, the reconstructions from both of the methods are far from ideal. In this work, we propose a novel approach, called mGANprior, to incorporate the well-trained GANs as effective prior to a variety of image processing tasks. In particular, we employ multiple latent codes to generate multiple feature maps at some intermediate layer of the generator, then compose them with adaptive channel importance to recover the input image. Such an over-parameterization of the latent space significantly improves the image reconstruction quality, outperforming existing competitors. The resulting high-fidelity image reconstruction enables the trained GAN models as prior to many real-world applications, such as image colorization, super-resolution, image inpainting, and semantic manipulation. We further analyze the properties of the layer-wise representation learned by GAN models and shed light on what knowledge each layer is capable of representing.