gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Melting and dilatometric behavior of 2‐Oleopalmitostearin and 2‐Oleodistearin (1960)

Abstract The glycerides, 2‐oleopalmitostearin and 2‐oleodistearin, which are important components of confectionery fats, were synthesized, and their melting behavior and dilatometric properties were determined. Each glyceride was found to have four melting points: 18.2, 24.5, 33.0, and 37.4°C, for 2‐oleopalmitostearin; 22.8, 30.0, 37.7, and 42.8°C, for 2‐oleodistearin. The rate of transformation of the thermodynamically unstable polymorphs at temperatures just below their melting points was found to vary from a few seconds to more than eight days. For each glyceride, expansivities were determined for three polymorphs and melting dilations for two polymorphs. Mixtures of the two glycerides were examined dilatometrically and found to behave in some respects as single components. The mixtures were readily tempered so that both components were in the same polymorphic form, and expansivities and melting dilations were obtained for mixtures in three polymorphic forms. Dilatometric data also were obtained for a sample of cocoa butter and a sample of sweet milk chocolate of the coating type.
<i>Review:</i> Highly Selective Compounds for the Antibody-Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy of Cancer (2003)

Antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT) is a recent development for a selective treatment of cancer, based on site-directed formation at the surface of malignant cells of cytotoxic compounds from non-toxic prodrugs with a conjugate of an appropriate enzyme and a monoclonal antibody which binds to tumour-associated antigens. New potent prodrugs of analogues of the antibiotic CC-1065 have been developed. These show a remarkable selectivity with a Q (IC50) value of up to more than 3000. Moreover, the formed drug has a high potency with an IC50 of 30 pM.
Immunotherapy with the trifunctional anti‐<scp>CD</scp>20 x anti‐<scp>CD</scp>3 antibody <scp>FBTA</scp>05 (Lymphomun) in paediatric high‐risk patients with recurrent <scp>CD</scp>20‐positive B cell malignancies (2014)

Children with B cell malignancies refractory to standard therapy are known to have a poor prognosis and very limited treatment options. Here, we report on the treatment and follow-up of ten patients diagnosed with relapsed or refractory mature B-cell Non Hodgkin Lymphoma (B-NHL), Burkitt leukaemia (B-AL) or pre B-acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (pre B-ALL). All children were treated with FBTA05 (now designated Lymphomun), an anti-CD3 x anti-CD20 trifunctional bispecific antibody (trAb) in compassionate use. Within individual treatment schedules, Lymphomun was applied (a) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT, n = 6) to induce sustained long-term remission, or (b) stand alone prior to subsequent chemotherapy to eradicate residual disease before allo-SCT (n = 4). Nine of ten children displayed a clinical response: three stable diseases (SD), one partial remission (PR) and five induced or sustained complete remissions (CR). Five of these nine responders died during follow-up. The other patients still maintain CR with a current overall survival of 874-1424 days (median: 1150 days). In conclusion, despite the dismal clinical prognosis of children refractory to standard therapy, immunotherapy with Lymphomun resulted in a favourable clinical outcome in this cohort of refractory paediatric patients.
A second gene for peroxisomal HMG-CoA reductase? A genomic reassessment (2002)

HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, the rate-limiting step of eukaryotic isoprenoid biosynthesis, and is the main target of cholesterol-lowering drugs. The classical form of the enzyme is a transmembrane-protein anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum. However, during the last years several lines of evidence pointed to the existence of a second isoform of HMGCR localized in peroxisomes, where mevalonate is converted further to farnesyl diphosphate. This finding is relevant for our understanding of the complex regulation and compartmentalization of the cholesterogenic pathway. Here we review experimental evidence suggesting that the peroxisomal activity might be due to a second HMGCR gene in mammals. We then present a comprehensive analysis of completely sequenced eukaryotic genomes, as well as the human and mouse genome drafts. Our results provide evidence for a large number of independent duplications of HMGCR in all eukaryotic kingdoms, but not for a second gene in mammals. We conclude that the peroxisomal HMGCR activity in mammals is due to alternative targeting of the ER enzyme to peroxisomes by an as yet uncharacterized mechanism.
Small-World Phenomena and the Dynamics of Information (2002)

The problem of searching for information in networks like the World Wide Web can be approached in a variety of ways, ranging from centralized indexing schemes to decentralized mechanisms that navigate the underlying network without knowledge of its global structure. The decentralized approach appears in a variety of settings: in the behavior of users browsing the Web by following hyperlinks; in the design of focused crawlers [4, 5, 8] and other agents that explore the Web’s links to gather information; and in the search protocols underlying decentralized peer-to-peer systems such as Gnutella [10], Freenet [7], and recent research prototypes [21, 22, 23], through which users can share resources without a central server. In recent work, we have been investigating the problem of decentralized search in large information networks [14, 15]. Our initial motivation was an experiment that dealt directly with the search problem in a decidedly pre-Internet context: Stanley Milgram’s famous study of the small-world phenomenon [16, 17]. Milgram was seeking to determine whether most pairs of people in society were linked by short chains of acquaintances, and for this purpose he recruited individuals to try forwarding a letter to a designated “target” through people they knew on a first-name basis. The starting individuals were given basic information about the target — his name, address, occupation, and a few other personal details — and had to choose a single acquaintance to send the letter to, with goal of reaching the target as quickly as possible; subsequent recipients followed the same procedure, and the chain closed in on its destination. Of the chains that completed, the median number of steps required was six — a result that has since entered popular culture as the “six degrees of separation” principle [11]. Milgram’s experiment contains two striking discoveries — that short chains are pervasive, and that people are able to find them. This latter point is concerned precisely with a type of decentralized navigation in a social network, consisting of people as nodes and links joining
Developmental Expression of a Tandemly Repeated, Proline- and Glutamine-rich Amino Acid Motif on Hyphal Surfaces of Candida albicans (1996)

cDNA sequences encoding a cell wall protein have been isolated from the opportunistic pathogen, Candida albicans, an organism that can cause serious disease in immunocompromised patients such as those with AIDS. The cDNA encodes a peptide that is largely composed of an acidic, repeated motif 10 amino acids in length that is rich in proline and glutamine residues. The cDNA gene product was found to be present on hyphal surfaces by immunofluorescence assays using monospecific antisera raised to the recombinant protein produced in Pichia pastoris. The hyphae-specific surface location was also seen on organisms colonizing the gastrointestinal mucosa of mice, indicating that the antigen is produced and developmentally regulated during growth in host tissues. The cDNA clone hybridized to an abundant messenger RNA 2.3 kilobases in size that was present in hyphal but not yeast forms. These studies demonstrate that the bud-hypha transition is accompanied by the de novo synthesis of proteins that are targeted to hyphal surfaces. The primary sequence of the unique amino acid motif shares features with surface proteins of other lower eukaryotic microorganisms and with host acidic salivary proline-rich proteins.
Blind and semi-blind channel identification methods using second order statistics for OFDM systems (1999)

Two new blind channel identification methods suited to multicarrier system (OFDM) exploiting the redundancy introduced by the adjunction of a cyclic prefix at the emitter and relying on the evaluation of the received signal autocorrelation matrix are presented. The proposed algorithms are able to identify any channel without any constraint on their zeroes location (including non-minimum phase channels) and are robust to the addition of white noise. Moreover a further enhancement of the estimation accuracy can easily be achieved by taking advantage of already present training symbols in current systems operating in a semi-blind context. Furthermore one of the two identification strategies has a very low arithmetical complexity which makes it particularly attractive in practice. Notice that these methods are not restricted to classical DFT-type modulators and still apply with any perfect reconstruction modulator.
Replay debugging: Leveraging record and replay for program debugging (2014)

Hardware-assisted Record and Deterministic Replay (RnR) of programs has been proposed as a primitive for debugging hard-to-repeat software bugs. However, simply providing support for repeatedly stumbling on the same bug does not help diagnose it. For bug diagnosis, developers typically want to modify the code, e.g., by creating and operating on new variables, or printing state. Unfortunately, this renders the RnR log inconsistent and makes Replay Debugging (i.e., debugging while using an RnR log for replay) dicey at best. This paper presents rdb, the first scheme for replay debugging that guarantees exact replay. rdb relies on two mechanisms. The first one is compiler support to split the instrumented application into two executables: one that is identical to the original program binary, and another that encapsulates all the added debug code. The second mechanism is a runtime infrastructure that replays the application and, without affecting it in any way, invokes the appropriate debug code at the appropriate locations. We describe an implementation of rdb based on LLVM and Pin, and show an example of how rdb's replay debugging helps diagnose a real bug.
The Effectiveness of Convalescent Plasma and Hyperimmune Immunoglobulin for the Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Infections of Viral Etiology: A Systematic Review and Exploratory Meta-analysis (2014)

Convalescent plasma may reduce mortality and appears safe. This therapy should be studied within the context of a well-designed clinical trial or other formal evaluation, including for treatment of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus CoV infection.
Sonographically Guided Biopsy of Focal Lesions: A Comparison of Freehand and Probe-Guided Techniques Using a Phantom (2005)

The ultrasound probe-guided technique of sonographic biopsy could be used in a complex phantom model, and there was a statistically significant time benefit with the use of probe guides compared with the freehand biopsy technique. This benefit was greatest for inexperienced operators. There was no difference in sample quality between the probe-guided and freehand techniques.
Back-propagation learning and nonidealities in analog neural network hardware (1991)

Experimental results from adaptive learning using an optically controlled neural network are presented. The authors have used example problems in nonlinear system identification and signal prediction, two areas of potential neural network application, to study the capabilities of analog neural hardware. These experiments investigated the effects of a variety of nonidealities typical of analog hardware systems. They show that network using large arrays of nonuniform components can perform analog communications with a much higher degree of accuracy than might be expected given the degree of variation in the network's elements. The effects of other common nonidealities, such as noise, weight quantization, and dynamic range limitations, were also investigated.
Review paper: Progress in the Field of Conducting Polymers for Tissue Engineering Applications (2011)

This review focuses on one of the most exciting applications area of conjugated conducting polymers, which is tissue engineering. Strategies used for the biocompatibility improvement of this class of polymers (including biomolecules' entrapment or covalent grafting) and also the integrated novel technologies for smart scaffolds generation such as micropatterning, electrospinning, self-assembling are emphasized. These processing alternatives afford the electroconducting polymers nanostructures, the most appropriate forms of the materials that closely mimic the critical features of the natural extracellular matrix. Due to their capability to electronically control a range of physical and chemical properties, conducting polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polythiophene and/or their derivatives and composites provide compatible substrates which promote cell growth, adhesion, and proliferation at the polymer-tissue interface through electrical stimulation. The activities of different types of cells on these materials are also presented in detail. Specific cell responses depend on polymers surface characteristics like roughness, surface free energy, topography, chemistry, charge, and other properties as electrical conductivity or mechanical actuation, which depend on the employed synthesis conditions. The biological functions of cells can be dramatically enhanced by biomaterials with controlled organizations at the nanometer scale and in the case of conducting polymers, by the electrical stimulation. The advantages of using biocompatible nanostructures of conducting polymers (nanofibers, nanotubes, nanoparticles, and nanofilaments) in tissue engineering are also highlighted.
Registro de la jornada: ¿Era urgente y necesario implantarlo legalmente? (2019)

Se analiza la reforma acometida por el RD-Ley 8/2019, sobre registro diario de la jornada. Si bien esta nueva obligacion legal puede cumplir una importante funcion en nuestro panorama laboral, se discute la validez de la formula legislativa utilizada para ello por el Gobierno. La urgencia con que se ha llevado a cabo esta operacion ha significado desaprovechar la ocasion para armar desde la ley un mecanismo cabal y coordinado sobre control del cumplimiento de las normas sobre tiempo de trabajo que atienda a todos los aspectos que aglutina este complejo asunto.
High Performance Negative Dielectric Anisotropy Liquid Crystals for Display Applications (2013)

We review recent progress in the development of high birefringence (Δn ≥ 0.12) negative dielectric anisotropy (Δε < 0) liquid crystals (LCs) for direct-view and projection displays. For mobile displays, our UCF-N2 (low viscosity, negative Δε, high Δn) based homogeneous alignment fringe-field switching (called n-FFS) mode exhibits superior performance to p-FFS in transmittance, single gamma curve, cell gap insensitivity, and negligible flexoelectric effect. For projection displays using a vertical alignment liquid-crystal-on-silicon (VA LCOS), our high birefringence UCF-N3 mixture enables a submillisecond gray-to-gray response time, which is essential for color sequential displays without noticeable color breakup. Our low viscosity UCF-N2 also enables multi-domain VA displays to use a thinner cell gap for achieving faster response time.
Instructional Design for the Future of Undergraduate Journalism Education (2012)

In the face of communication changes brought on by technology, journalism curriculum needs restructuring while staying true to its core values. Using an instructional design framework, and a case study, this paper proposes a journalism education based on Esser’s spheres of influence. Current practices and principles are discussed. A literature review and emerging trends shape the proposed curriculum clusters: the business and profession of journalism, communication, and community/society.
Harmony potentials for joint classification and segmentation (2010)

Hierarchical conditional random fields have been successfully applied to object segmentation. One reason is their ability to incorporate contextual information at different scales. However, these models do not allow multiple labels to be assigned to a single node. At higher scales in the image, this yields an oversimplified model, since multiple classes can be reasonable expected to appear within one region. This simplified model especially limits the impact that observations at larger scales may have on the CRF model. Neglecting the information at larger scales is undesirable since class-label estimates based on these scales are more reliable than at smaller, noisier scales. To address this problem, we propose a new potential, called harmony potential, which can encode any possible combination of class labels. We propose an effective sampling strategy that renders tractable the underlying optimization problem. Results show that our approach obtains state-of-the-art results on two challenging datasets: Pascal VOC 2009 and MSRC-21.
Purification and characterization of human interleukin-1alpha produced in Escherichia coli (1987)

The production of human interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) in Escherichia coli is described together with a method for its purification. The isolated protein was shown to be pure and physically homogeneous. The in vitro biological activity of IL-1 alpha was tested with the mononuclear-cell factor and the lymphocyte-activating factor assays. The specific activity determined with both assays was about 3 X 10(7) units mg-1 and is similar to that observed with recombinant human IL-1 beta. The purified protein was resolved by chromatofocusing into two species of isoelectric points 5.45 and 5.20 (75% and 25%, respectively, of the total protein). Both species had similar chemical properties and biological activities to the unfractionated protein. The charge difference between the species was attributed to the deamidation of a single Asn or Gln residue.
Synthesis and Some First‐Row Transition‐Metal Complexes of the 1,2,4‐Triazole‐Based Bis(terdentate) Ligands TsPMAT and PMAT (2005)

The employment of a strategy based on nucleophilic substitution, rather than Schiff base condensation, for the preparation of 1,2,4-triazole-based ligands has been investigated and has led to the synthesis of two new ligands, 4-amino-3,5-bis{[N-(2-pyridylmethyl)-N-(4-toluenesulfonyl)amino]methyl}-4H-1,2,4-triazole (TsPMAT, 14) and 4-amino-3,5-bis{[(2-pyridylmethyl)amino]methyl}-4H-1,2,4-triazole (PMAT, 15). These are the first examples of bis(terdentate) ligands incorporating the 1,2,4-triazole unit. TsPMAT (14) forms a dinuclear 2:2 complex with Co(BF4)2.6 H2O even when reacted in a metal-to-ligand molar ratio of 2:1. Similarly, the reaction of PMAT (15) with Mn(ClO4)2.6H2O or M(BF4)2.6 H2O (M=Fe, Co, Ni, Zn) in a ligand-to-metal molar ratio of 1:1 has afforded a series of complexes with the general formula [M(II) (2)(PMAT)2]X4. The metal centres in these complexes of TsPMAT (14) and PMAT (15) are encapsulated by two ligand molecules and doubly bridged by the N2 units of the 1,2,4-triazole moieties, which gives rise to N6 coordination spheres that are strongly distorted from octahedral, as evidenced by the X-ray crystal structure analyses of [Co(II) (2)(TsPMAT)(2)](BF(4))(4)6 MeCN (246 MeCN) and [Fe(II) 2(PMAT)2](BF4)4DMF (27DMF). Studies of the magnetic properties of [Co(II) 2(TsPMAT)2](BF4)4.4 H2O (244 H2O), [Mn(II) 2(PMAT)2](ClO4)4 (26), and [Co(II) 2(PMAT)2](BF4)4 (28) have revealed weak antiferromagnetic coupling (J=-3.3, -0.16, and -2.4 cm(-1), respectively) between the two metal centres in these complexes.
Tone generation by aeroacoustic sources in pipes with flow (1990)

Sound production by axisymmetric ring cavities in internal flow has been investigated experimentally. These ring sources generate sound when the acoustic motion in the cavity is in resonance in one of many possible modes. Experimental results agree with predictions of a model eddy-driven oscillator. It is observed that the standing waves produced by reflections from regions upstream and downstream of the source are adjusted by the source such that the source is at a pressure antinode at the condition of maximum sound emission.
Composition and Functions of the Influenza Fusion Peptide (2009)

Fusion of the influenza virus envelope with the endosomal membrane of host cells is mediated by the hemagglutinin glycoprotein (HA). The most conserved region of HA is at the N-terminus of the HA2 subunit, a relatively hydrophobic sequence of amino acids referred to as the fusion peptide. This domain is critical both for setting the trigger for fusion and for destabilizing target membranes during the fusion process. The "trigger" is set by cleavage of the HA precursor polypeptide, when the newly-generated HA2 N-terminal fusion peptide positions itself into the trimer interior and makes contacts with ionizable residues to generate a fusion competent neutral pH structure. This essentially "primes" the HA such that subsequent acidification of the endosomal environment can induce the irreversible conformational changes that result in membrane fusion. A key component of these acid-induced structural rearrangements involves the extrusion of the fusion peptide from its buried position and its relocation to interact with the target membrane. The role of the fusion peptide for both priming the neutral pH structure and interacting with cellular membranes during the fusion process is discussed.
Miscible Fluid Displacement - Prediction of Miscibility (1960)

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 219, 1960, pages 229–237. Abstract The mechanism involved in creating a miscible fluid displacement of typical reservoir fluids through porous media by light hydrocarbon mixtures usually involves a number of mixing and separation stages in the contact area. This mechanism has been illustrated on ternary diagrams for miscible displacement of reservoir fluid by rich hydrocarbon gases. A relatively simple method has been devised for calculating the approximate conditions for a miscible displacement of reservoir fluid by rich, light hydrocarbon gases or by LPG mixtures. Miscibility is favored by increased pressures, decreased temperatures, light reservoir fluids and light hydrocarbon-displacing fluids rich in the heavier components. The conditions for miscible displacements of five typical reservoir fluids by various light hydrocarbon mixtures were determined for a range of temperatures from 700 to 260F and pressures from 1,000 to 3,000 psia. A correlation of these conditions was obtained using the variables of temperature, pressure, C5+ molecular weight of the reservoir fluid, C2+ molecular weight of the displacing fluid, and mol per cent methane in the displacing fluid. This correlation has been applied to data appearing in the literature with very good success. A partial check of the correlation has been made using a step-wise procedure with a windowed PVT cell. Introduction The term, "miscible fluid displacement", may be defined as any oil-recovery displacement process where there is an absence of a phase boundary or interface between the displaced and displacing fluids. A water flood would not be a miscible fluid displacement, although cycling in a condensate reservoir would be. Another example is displacement of oil by gasoline. Not so obvious, however, are the conditions under which fluids (such as propane, mixtures of propane and methane, or other similar systems) will give a miscible fluid displacement of oil. There are four standard miscible-fluid-displacement processes being used for the recovery of oil from an underground reservoir-high-pressure dry-gas miscible displacement,rich-gas miscible displacement,miscible slug using a slug of LPG followed by a lean dry gas under miscible conditions, andgas driven-slug process using a slug of LPG followed by a lean dry gas under immiscible conditions.