gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improvements in prostate radiotherapy from the customization of beam directions (1998)

A methodology for optimizing the beam directions in radiotherapy treatment planning has been developed and tested on a cohort of twelve prostate patients. An optimization algorithm employing a an objective cost function was used, based on beam's-eye-view volumetrics but also employing a simple dose model and biological considerations for organs-at-risk (OARs). The cost function embodies information about the volume of OARs in a single field and their position relative to the planning target volume (PTV). The proximity of the PTV to the surface of the patient is also included. Within the algorithm "importance factor" were used to model the clinical importance of different organs-at-risk so that all organs-at-risk were included in a single objective score. "Gantry-angle-windows" were introduced to restrict the available beam directions. The methodology was applied to twelve prostate patients to determine the optimum beam directions for three-field direction plans. Orientation-optimized and standard treatment plans were compared via measures of tumor control probability (TCP) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP). Standard plans had fixed beam directions whereas orientation-optimized plans contained beam directions chosen by the algorithm. The beam-weights of both the orientation-optimized and standard plans were optimized using a dose-based simulated annealing algorithm to allow the improvements by optimizing the beam directions to be studied in isolation. The results of the comparison show that optimization of the beam directions yielded better plans, in terms of TCP and NTCP, than the standard plans. When the dose to the isocenter was scaled to produce a rectal NTCP of 1%, the average TCP of the orientation-optimized plans was (5.7 +/- 1.4)% greater than that for the standard plans. In conclusion, the customization of beam directions in the treatment planning of prostate patients using and objective cost function and allowed gantry-angle-windows produces superior three-field direction plans compared to standard treatment plans.
JS-K, a GST-activated nitric oxide generator, induces DNA double-strand breaks, activates DNA damage response pathways, and induces apoptosis in vitro and in vivo in human multiple myeloma cells (2007)

Here we investigated the cytotoxicity of JS-K, a prodrug designed to release nitric oxide (NO(*)) following reaction with glutathione S-transferases, in multiple myeloma (MM). JS-K showed significant cytotoxicity in both conventional therapy-sensitive and -resistant MM cell lines, as well as patient-derived MM cells. JS-K induced apoptosis in MM cells, which was associated with PARP, caspase-8, and caspase-9 cleavage; increased Fas/CD95 expression; Mcl-1 cleavage; and Bcl-2 phosphorylation, as well as cytochrome c, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), and endonuclease G (EndoG) release. Moreover, JS-K overcame the survival advantages conferred by interleukin-6 (IL-6) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), or by adherence of MM cells to bone marrow stromal cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that JS-K-induced cytotoxicity was mediated via NO(*) in MM cells. Furthermore, JS-K induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and activated DNA damage responses, as evidenced by neutral comet assay, as well as H2AX, Chk2 and p53 phosphorylation. JS-K also activated c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) in MM cells; conversely, inhibition of JNK markedly decreased JS-K-induced cytotoxicity. Importantly, bortezomib significantly enhanced JS-K-induced cytotoxicity. Finally, JS-K is well tolerated, inhibits tumor growth, and prolongs survival in a human MM xenograft mouse model. Taken together, these data provide the preclinical rationale for the clinical evaluation of JS-K to improve patient outcome in MM.
Cell-type-specific genome editing with a microRNA-responsive CRISPR–Cas9 switch (2017)

The CRISPR-Cas9 system is a powerful genome-editing tool useful in a variety of biotechnology and biomedical applications. Here we developed a synthetic RNA-based, microRNA (miRNA)-responsive CRISPR-Cas9 system (miR-Cas9 switch) in which the genome editing activity of Cas9 can be modulated through endogenous miRNA signatures in mammalian cells. We created miR-Cas9 switches by using a miRNA-complementary sequence in the 5΄-UTR of mRNA encoding Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9. The miR-21-Cas9 or miR-302-Cas9 switches selectively and efficiently responded to miR-21-5p in HeLa cells or miR-302a-5p in human induced pluripotent stem cells, and post-transcriptionally attenuated the Cas9 activity only in the target cells. Moreover, the miR-Cas9 switches could differentially control the genome editing by sensing endogenous miRNA activities within a heterogeneous cell population. Our miR-Cas9 switch system provides a promising framework for cell-type selective genome editing and cell engineering based on intracellular miRNA information.
Alkylated Dinaphtho[2,3‐<i>b</i>:2′,3′‐<i>f</i>]Thieno[3,2‐b]Thiophenes (C<sub><i>n</i></sub>‐DNTTs): Organic Semiconductors for High‐Performance Thin‐Film Transistors (2010)

A series of alkylated dinaphtho[2,3-b:2′,3′-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophenes (Cn-DNTTs) were developed as vapor-processable organic semiconductors for organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). All the Cn-DNTT-based OTFTs showed typical p-channel FET characteristics and among them, C10-DNTT possessing two n-decyl groups gave excellent FET characteristics under the ambient conditions with mobility close to 8.0 cm2 V−1 s−1 and Ion/Ioff > 108. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Neural Crossbreed: Neural Based Image Metamorphosis (2020)

We propose Neural Crossbreed, a feed-forward neural network that can learn a semantic change of input images in a latent space to create the morphing effect. Because the network learns a semantic change, a sequence of meaningful intermediate images can be generated without requiring the user to specify explicit correspondences. In addition, the semantic change learning makes it possible to perform the morphing between the images that contain objects with significantly different poses or camera views. Furthermore, just as in conventional morphing techniques, our morphing network can handle shape and appearance transitions separately by disentangling the content and the style transfer for rich usability. We prepare a training dataset for morphing using a pre-trained BigGAN, which generates an intermediate image by interpolating two latent vectors at an intended morphing value. This is the first attempt to address image morphing using a pre-trained generative model in order to learn semantic transformation. The experiments show that Neural Crossbreed produces high quality morphed images, overcoming various limitations associated with conventional approaches. In addition, Neural Crossbreed can be further extended for diverse applications such as multi-image morphing, appearance transfer, and video frame interpolation.
Autonomous Robot Navigation in Human-Centered Environments Based on 3D Data Fusion (2007)

Efficient navigation of mobile platforms in dynamic human-centered environments is still an open research topic. We have already proposed an architecture (MEPHISTO) for a navigation system that is able to fulfill the main requirements of efficient navigation: fast and reliable sensor processing, extensive global world modeling, and distributed path planning. Our architecture uses a distributed system of sensor processing, world modeling, and path planning units. In this arcticle, we present implemented methods in the context of data fusion algorithms for 3D world modeling and real-time path planning. We also show results of the prototypic application of the system at the museum ZKM (center for art and media) in Karlsruhe.
Attenuation of Brain Response to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Mediated Angiogenesis and Neurogenesis in Aged Mice (2009)

The angiogenic and neurogenic response to VEGF stimulation is attenuated in the aged mouse brain, which may be due to reduced VEGF receptor activity.
TubeFiler (2009)

While hierarchies are powerful tools for organizing content in other application areas, current web video platforms offer only limited support for a taxonomy-based browsing. To overcome this limitation, we present a framework called TubeFiler. Its two key features are an automatic multimodal categorization of videos into a genre hierarchy, and a support of additional fine-grained hierarchy levels based on unsupervised learning. We present experimental results on real-world YouTube clips with a 2-level 46-category genre hierarchy, indicating that - though the problem is clearly challenging - good category suggestions can be achieved. For example, if TubeFiler suggests 5 categories, it hits the right one (or at least its supercategory) in 91.8% of cases.
Biodegradation of Hazardous Wastes by Conventional Biological Treatment (1986)

A review of the literature concerning the biodegradation of toxic and hazardous materials by conventional biological treatment revealed that few generalizations can be made. The main reason for this is that the removal capabilities of any given system are influenced strongly by its physical configuration regardless of the inherent biodegradability of the compounds of interest. Because waste-water treatment engineers have been forced to assess the potential of systems before the intrinsic biodegradability of the target compounds has been established it has been difficult to determine whether failures to remove compounds are the fault of the treatment system. Nevertheless, the literature indicates that most conventional biological treatment systems are remarkably robust and have a large capacity for degrading toxic and hazardous materials. A research program has been proposed which will ultimately lead to generalizations which transcend system conditionalities.
Immunological evidence for common antigenic sites in high-density lipoproteins from rainbow trout and man (1988)

The plasma high-density lipoproteins (HDL, rho 1.085-1.21 g/ml) of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) have been shown to contain large amounts of apolipoprotein (apo) AI (Mr 28,000) and several other apolipoproteins of Mr less than 14,000 (apo C-like) and of Mr 37,000-38,000, 44,000-45,000 and 53,000-54,000. Comparison of apo AI from trout and human HDL shows them to be similar in Mr and to have some cross-immunoreactivity, whereas apo AII differs in Mr but also possesses common antigenic sites. It is suggested that the major apolipoproteins of fish and human HDL may fulfil similar roles in lipid transport.
Protein toxins from plants and bacteria: Probes for intracellular transport and tools in medicine (2010)

A number of protein toxins produced by bacteria and plants enter eukaryotic cells and inhibit protein synthesis enzymatically. These toxins include the plant toxin ricin and the bacterial toxin Shiga toxin, which we will focus on in this article. Although a threat to human health, toxins are valuable tools to discover and characterize cellular processes such as endocytosis and intracellular transport. Bacterial infections associated with toxin production are a problem worldwide. Increased knowledge about toxins is important to prevent and treat these diseases in an optimal way. Interestingly, toxins can be used for diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
Highly Stabilized Half-Watt IMPATT Oscillator (1970)

An X-band IMPATT oscillator having a stabilized output power of over 0.5 watt has been developed. The oscillator consists of a main cavity and a directly coupled reaction-type cavity for stabilization. The oscillator has a frequency stability of 2.6x10/sup -5/ over a temperature variation ranging from 0/spl deg/ to 50/spl deg/C and an rms noise deviation of 15 Hz/1-kHz bandwidth at 500 kHz from the carrier. Design considerations have been made concerning the admittance characteristics of the circuit and of the diode to determine preferable circuit conditions for stabilization. The output-power loss due to the stabilization is as small as 0.4 dB. The oscillator is capable of operation in a frequency range of 10.7 to 11.7 GHz.
Periosteal Augmentation of a Tendon Graft Improves Tendon Healing in the Bone Tunnel (2004)

Secure fixation of tendon or ligament to bone has been a challenging problem. The periosteum is an osteogenic organ that regulates bone growth and remodeling at the outer surface of cortical bone and also is known to play an important role in forming a tendon insertion site to bone. Therefore, we hypothesized that a freshly harvested periosteum can be used as a stimulative scaffold to biologically reinforce the attachment of tendon graft to bone. Using a rabbit hallucis longus tendon and calcaneus process model, we found that a periosteal augmentation of a tendon graft could enhance the structural integrity of the tendon-bone interface, when the periosteum is placed between the tendon and bone interface with the cambium layer facing toward the bone. Clinically, the use of an autogenous periosteum patch would be an optimal choice for biologic augmentation of the tendon graft in the bone tunnel, because the tissue is readily available for harvest from the patient's body.
A telemetry and sensor platform for ambulatory urodynamics (2003)

This paper reports the use of pressure sensitive telemetry device to access the pressure state of the bladder for ambulatory urodynamics. The device consisted of pressure sensor, amplifier, VCO, and oscillator. The integrated circuit was fabricated using MOSIS AMI 1.5 micron technology. The device was able to transmit pulses of radio waves whose pulsing rate is a function of the pressure. A small balloon technology was also developed to help the device float in the water.
Leakage Reduction at Architectural Level (2006)

In very deep submicron technologies, the leakage power consumption becomes an important contribution to the total power consumption. This paper focuses on architecture comparison and aims at selecting the one with the minimum total power consumption by simultaneously optimizing static and dynamic power dissipations. As an example, the choice of one multiplier over eleven 16-bit multiplier architectures has been performed regarding the lowest total power.
Prevalência de fatores de risco associados à hipertensão arterial no CSE-Marco, Pará (2013)

Introducao: Hipertensao arterial e uma doenca multifatorial caracterizada por niveis elevados e constantes da medida da pressao arterial. E uma enfermidade considerada um grave problema de saude publica, possuindo diversos fatores que influenciam na aquisicao e no tratamento, dentre eles: peso, dieta, idade e diabetes. Apresenta-se como causadora de mortalidade por acidente vascular cerebral e infarto. Objetivos: O objetivo deste trabalho e encontrar quais os fatores associados a hipertensao arterial sao mais prevalentes nos pacientes cadastrados no Programa HIPERDIA, no Centro de Saude Escola do Marco, em Belem/Para. Metodologia ou Descricao da Experiencia: Metodologia: o estudo foi do tipo retrospectivo; transversal, observacional e de corte. O trabalho foi realizado nos meses de outubro e novembro de 2011 e os dados foram coletados por meio da analise dos prontuarios dos pacientes hipertensos e organizados usando o protocolo de pesquisa elaborado pelas autoras. Utilizou-se uma amostra de 125 prontuarios, o equivalente a 25% do total de hipertensos do programa HIPERDIA neste local. Foram excluidos 25 prontuarios por nao apresentarem a faixa etaria determinada (igual ou superior a 40 anos), pertencerem a pacientes que abandonaram o tratamento ou por nao relatarem os dados necessarios, totalizando 100 prontuarios validos para o trabalho. Resultados: Apos analise estatistica observou-se uma maior prevalencia de mulheres (75%) em relacao aos homens (25%), predominando maiores de 60 anos. Ja quanto a dieta, grande parte (53%) alimentava-se irregularmente. Constatou-se que os homens (57,8%) praticam exercicios fisicos moderadamente se comparados com as mulheres que praticam mais exercicios leves (72,2%), ou sao sedentarias (84,3%). Contradizendo a literatura, a diabetes nao se fez presente na maioria dos pacientes (52%). E no que diz respeito aos antecedentes familiares, apesar da deficiencia na coleta de dados, pudemos perceber a influencia positiva do mesmo sobre o desenvolvimento da doenca cardiovascular em questao. Conclusao ou Hipoteses: Conclui-se que dos itens considerados como fatores de risco pelos pesquisadores, averiguou-se que apenas alguns deles foram associados positivamente com a hipertensao arterial. Sao eles: o genero feminino, a faixa etaria superior a 60 anos, a alimentacao irregular, o sedentarismo e os antecedentes familiares.
Backtracking Events as Indicators of Usability Problems in Creation-Oriented Applications (2012)

A diversity of user goals and strategies make creation-oriented applications such as word processors or photo-editors difficult to comprehensively test. Evaluating such applications requires testing a large pool of participants to capture the diversity of experience, but traditional usability testing can be prohibitively expensive. To address this problem, this article contributes a new usability evaluation method called backtracking analysis, designed to automate the process of detecting and characterizing usability problems in creation-oriented applications. The key insight is that interaction breakdowns in creation-oriented applications often manifest themselves in backtracking operations that can be automatically logged (e.g., undo and erase operations). Backtracking analysis synchronizes these events to contextual data such as screen capture video, helping the evaluator to characterize specific usability problems. The results from three experiments demonstrate that backtracking events can be effective indicators of usability problems in creation-oriented applications, and can yield a cost-effective alternative to traditional laboratory usability testing.
Lex—a lexical analyzer generator (1990)

Lex helps write programs whose control flow is directed by instances of regular expressions in the input stream. It is well suited for editor-script type transformations and for segmenting input in preparation for a parsing routine. Lex source is a table of regular expressions and corresponding program fragments. The table is translated to a program which reads an input stream, copying it to an output stream and partitioning the input into strings which match the given expressions. As each such string is recognized the corresponding program fragment is executed. The recognition of the expressions is performed by a deterministic finite automaton generated by Lex. The program fragments written by the user are executed in the order in which the corresponding regular expressions occur in the input stream. The lexical analysis programs written with Lex accept ambiguous specifications and choose the longest match possible at each input point. If necessary, substantial lookahead is performed on the input, but the input stream will be backed up to the end of the current partition, so that the user has general freedom to manipulate it. Lex can generate analyzers in either C or Ratfor, a language which can be translated automatically to portable Fortran. It is available on the PDP-11 UNIX, Honeywell GCOS, and IBM OS systems. This manual, however, will only discuss generating analyzers in C on the UNIX system, which is the only supported form of Lex under UNIX Version 7. Lex is designed to simplify interfacing with Yacc, for those with access to this compiler-compiler system.
Oxadiazoles in Medicinal Chemistry (2011)

Oxadiazoles are five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom, and they exist in different regioisomeric forms. Oxadiazoles are frequently occurring motifs in druglike molecules, and they are often used with the intention of being bioisosteric replacements for ester and amide functionalities. The current study presents a systematic comparison of 1,2,4- and 1,3,4-oxadiazole matched pairs in the AstraZeneca compound collection. In virtually all cases, the 1,3,4-oxadiazole isomer shows an order of magnitude lower lipophilicity (log D), as compared to its isomeric partner. Significant differences are also observed with respect to metabolic stability, hERG inhibition, and aqueous solubility, favoring the 1,3,4-oxadiazole isomers. The difference in profile between the 1,2,4 and 1,3,4 regioisomers can be rationalized by their intrinsically different charge distributions (e.g., dipole moments). To facilitate the use of these heteroaromatic rings, novel synthetic routes for ready access of a broad spectrum of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles, under mild conditions, are described.
Time and voltage dependence of degradation and recovery under pulsed negative bias temperature stress (2003)

In order to determine the impact of the reliability of deep submicron LSIs with Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) induced P-channel MOS degradation, we studied P-MOS degradation phenomena using pulsed negative bias temperature (NBT) stress. P-MOS transistor drive current (IDS) degradation (/spl Delta/IDS) increased due to NBTI phenomena during the first stage of pulsed NBT stress of Vg, and /spl Delta/IDS decreased during the second stage of zero bias between gate and substrate. We studied the time dependence of /spl Delta/IDS and stress-voltage dependence during the cycle of the pulsed NBT stress. A degradation model is proposed.
Kinematic design and commutation of a spherical stepper motor (1999)

This paper addresses the design and commutation of a novel kind of spherical stepper motor in which the poles of the stator are electromagnets and the poles of the rotor (rotating ball) are permanent magnets. Due to the fact that points on a sphere can only be arranged with equal spacing in a limited number of cases (corresponding to the Platonic solids), design of spherical stepper motors with fine rotational increments is fundamentally geometrical in nature. We address this problem and the related problem of how rotor and stator poles should be arranged in order to interact to cause motion. The resulting design has a much wider range of unhindered motion than other spherical stepper motor designs in the literature. We also address the problem of commutation, i.e., we determine the sequence of stator polarities in time that approximate a desired spherical motion.
A Stream-Weight Optimization Method for Multi-Stream HMMS Based on Likelihood Value Normalization (2006)

In the field of audio-visual speech recognition, multi-stream HMM are widely used, thus how to automatically and properly determine stream weight factors using a small data set becomes an important research issue. This paper proposes a new stream-weight optimization method based on an output likelihood normalization criterion. In this method, the stream weights are adjusted to equalize the mean values of log likelihood for all HMM based on likelihood-ratio maximization which achieved significant improvement by using a large optimization data set. The new method is evaluated using Japanese connected digit speech recorded in real-world environments. Using 10 seconds speech data for stream-weight optimization, a 10% absolute accuracy improvement is achieved compared to the result before optimization. By additionally applying the MLLR (maximum likelihood linear regression) adaptation, a 23% improvement is obtained over the audio-only scheme.