gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EQPlanar: a maximum-likelihood method for accurate organ activity estimation from whole body planar projections (2011)

Optimizing targeted radionuclide therapy requires patient-specific estimation of organ doses. The organ doses are estimated from quantitative nuclear medicine imaging studies, many of which involve planar whole body scans. We have previously developed the quantitative planar (QPlanar) processing method and demonstrated its ability to provide more accurate activity estimates than conventional geometric-mean-based planar (CPlanar) processing methods using physical phantom and simulation studies. The QPlanar method uses the maximum likelihood-expectation maximization algorithm, 3D organ volume of interests (VOIs), and rigorous models of physical image degrading factors to estimate organ activities. However, the QPlanar method requires alignment between the 3D organ VOIs and the 2D planar projections and assumes uniform activity distribution in each VOI. This makes application to patients challenging. As a result, in this paper we propose an extended QPlanar (EQPlanar) method that provides independent-organ rigid registration and includes multiple background regions. We have validated this method using both Monte Carlo simulation and patient data. In the simulation study, we evaluated the precision and accuracy of the method in comparison to the original QPlanar method. For the patient studies, we compared organ activity estimates at 24 h after injection with those from conventional geometric mean-based planar quantification using a 24 h post-injection quantitative SPECT reconstruction as the gold standard. We also compared the goodness of fit of the measured and estimated projections obtained from the EQPlanar method to those from the original method at four other time points where gold standard data were not available. In the simulation study, more accurate activity estimates were provided by the EQPlanar method for all the organs at all the time points compared with the QPlanar method. Based on the patient data, we concluded that the EQPlanar method provided a substantial increase in accuracy of organ activity estimates from 24 h planar images compared to the CPlanar using 24 h SPECT as the golden standard. For other time points, where no golden standard is available, better agreement between estimated and measured projections was observed by using the EQPlanar method compared to the QPlanar method. This phenomenon is consistent with the improvement in goodness of fit seen in both simulation data and 24 h patient data. Therefore, this indicates the improved reliability of organ activity estimates obtained though the EQPlanar method.
Stochastic magnetic field micro-sensor (2002)

Magnetic data field detection requires very small sensitive areas in the range of square-microns. This contribution presents a new MAGFET-driven stochastic flip-flop micro-sensor. In the device a calibration logic is integrated to compensate for technological tolerances. Fast and parallel magnetic field data detection will be possible on very small tracks in the future when an integrated array of self-calibrating digital stochastic micro-sensors is applied.
The "not so simple" ankle fracture: avoiding problems and pitfalls to improve patient outcomes. (2011)

Ankle fractures are among the most common injuries managed by orthopaedic surgeons. Many ankle fractures are simple, with straightforward management leading to successful outcomes. Some fractures, however, are challenging, and debate arises regarding the best treatment to achieve an optimal outcome. Some patients have medical comorbidities that increase the risk for complications or may require modifications to standard surgical techniques and fixation methods. Several recent investigations have highlighted the pitfalls in accurately reducing syndesmotic injuries. Controversy remains regarding the number and diameter of screws, the duration of weight-bearing limitations, and the need or timing of screw removal. Open reduction may allow more accurate reduction than standard closed methods. Direct fixation of associated posterior malleolus fractures may provide improved syndesmotic stability. Posterior malleolus fractures vary in size and can be classified based on the orientation of the fracture line. As the size of the posterior malleolus fracture fragment increases, the load pattern in the ankle is altered. Direct or indirect reduction and surgical fixation may be required to prevent posterior talar subluxation and restore articular congruency. The supination-adduction fracture pattern is also important to recognize. Articular depression of the medial tibial plafond may require reduction and bone grafting. Optimal fixation requires directing screws parallel to the ankle joint or using a buttress plate. Identifying ankle fractures that may present additional treatment challenges is essential to achieving a successful outcome. A careful review of radiographs and CT scans, a thorough patient assessment, and detailed preoperative planning are needed to improve patient outcomes.
Clustering and preferential attachment in growing networks (2001)

We study empirically the time evolution of scientific collaboration networks in physics and biology. In these networks, two scientists are considered connected if they have coauthored one or more papers together. We show that the probability of a pair of scientists collaborating increases with the number of other collaborators they have in common, and that the probability of a particular scientist acquiring new collaborators increases with the number of his or her past collaborators. These results provide experimental evidence in favor of previously conjectured mechanisms for clustering and power-law degree distributions in networks.
Evidence for the importance of a positive charge and an α‐helical structure of the C‐terminus for biological activity of human IL‐6 (1991)

Thirteen point mutations of human interleukin-6 at the C-terminus were constructed at the cDNA-level. Two degenerate oligonucleotide primers were used for PCR synthesis of two groups of point mutations at positions 182 and 184. The mutated cDNAs were in vitro transcribed and translated and subsequently assayed for biological activity in the B9 cell proliferation test. Our results confirm our former findings obtained with deletion mutants on the importance of the C-terminus of IL-6 for biological activity. In addition, we now present evidence for the importance of an alpha-helix at the C-terminus of IL-6 and the presence of the positive charge at position 182 for biological activity.
Transport Media for Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 (1971)

An evaluation was made of the recovery rate of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 or 2 from 197 clinical specimens obtained in two or three charcoal transport media: Leibovitz viral transport medium, a modified Leibovitz-Emory medium (LEM), in which agarose was used instead of agar, and Amies bacterial transport medium. The specimens were stored and shipped for 1 to 19 days in these media at ambient temperature or in Hanks buffered-salt solution in dry ice. The results indicate that the LEM was most effective, particularly in the recovery of HSV type 2 from clinical specimens held at ambient temperature. In vitro and in vivo studies in genitally infected mice corroborated the observations obtained with human clinical specimens. The availability of transport media which can be used for shipment at ambient temperature offers clinicians easier accessibility to laboratory confirmation and antigenic typing of HSV from suspect herpetic infections.
Preparation and Properties of the X-ray Storage Phosphors BaFBr<sub>1-x</sub>I<sub>x</sub>:Eu<sup>2+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup> (2002)

X-선 저장 형광체 <TEX>$BaFBr_{1-x}I_x:Eu^{2+}$</TEX>, <TEX>$Na^+$</TEX>의 조성 조건을 조사하고, 제조한 형광체의 광자극발광 강도, 스펙트럼, fading 특성 및 선량의존성을 조사하였다. 그리고 이 특성을 상업적으로 시판하고 있는 일본 부사(富士)사진필름회사 제품 영상판(ST-III)의 특성과 비교하였다. <TEX>$BaFBr_{1-x}I_x:Eu^{2+}$</TEX>, <TEX>$Na^+$</TEX> 형광체의 최적 제조 조건은 <TEX>$Eu_F3$</TEX> 0.5mol%, NaF 4.0mol% 그리고 조성비 x=0.3 이었으며, 소결온도는 수소 분위기에서 <TEX>$950^{\circ}C$</TEX>이었다. 조성비 x=0일 때 <TEX>$BaFBr_{1-x}I_x:Eu^{2+}$</TEX>, <TEX>$Na^+$</TEX> 형광체의 스펙트럼영역은 <TEX>$365{\sim}420\;nm$</TEX>이었고, 최대 발광강도는 390 nm 이었다. <TEX>$x{\neq}0$</TEX>일 때 스펙트럼의 파장영역과 피이크 파장은 조성비 x가 증가할수록 장파장쪽으로 이동하였다. X-선 조사선량과 PSL 강도 사이에는 좋은 직선성을 나타내었다. 형광체의 fading 특성은 x=0.3일 때 가장 좋았으며, <TEX>$I^-$</TEX> 이온의 농도가 증가할수록 저하되는 경향을 나타내었다. 또한 <TEX>$BaFBr_{1-x}I_x:Eu^{2+}$</TEX> 격자상수는<TEX>$I^-$</TEX>이온의 농도가 증가할수록 커졌다. The forming conditions of X-ray storage phosrhors <TEX>$BaFBr_{1-x}I_x:Eu^{2+}$</TEX>, <TEX>$Na^+$</TEX> have been investigated, and measured the PSL emission spectra and its intensity, fading characteristics and does dependence of the prepared phosphors. These characteristics were compared with those of commercial image plate (ST-III) obtained from Fuji Photo Film Co. The optimal preparing conditions of <TEX>$BaFBr_{1-x}I_x:Eu^{2+}$</TEX>, <TEX>$Na^+$</TEX> Phosphor were 0.5 mol% of <TEX>$EuF_3$</TEX>, 4.0 mol% of NaF and composition ratio x=0.3, and the sintering temperature were <TEX>$950^{\circ}C$</TEX> in <TEX>$H_2$</TEX> atmosphere. When the composition ratio x was equal to 0, the spectral range of the luminescence of <TEX>$BaFBr_{1-x}I_x:Eu^{2+}$</TEX>, <TEX>$Na^+$</TEX> phosphor was <TEX>$365{\sim}420\;nm$</TEX>, and its maximum luminescence intensity appeared at 390 nm. When composition ratio x was not equal to 0, the wavelength ranges and peak of the spectra were shifted to the longer wavelength with the growth of composition ratio x. A good linearity was shown between the PSL intensity and X-ray irradiation dose. The phosphor sample with x=0.3 exhibited better fading characteristics than that of other <TEX>$BaFBr_{1-x}I_x:Eu^{2+}$</TEX> phosphor samples, and the fading characteristics of the PSL intensity at room temperature were shown poorer with increasing <TEX>$I^-$</TEX> ion concentration. The lattice constant of the phosphor becomes larger with increasing the <TEX>$I^-$</TEX> ion concentration.
Identification and characterization of a large source of primary mesenchymal stem cells tightly adhered to bone surfaces of human vertebral body marrow cavities (2020)

Thus, we have established a novel and plentiful source of MSCs that will benefit the cell therapy market by overcoming manufacturing and regulatory inefficiencies due to donor-to-donor variability.
Circulating suppressor factors in mice subjected to ultraviolet irradiation and contact sensitization. (1986)

BALB/c mice subjected to a single dose of UV-B radiation showed suppressed contact hypersensitivity to trinitrochlorobenzene. The in vitro antigen reactivity of peritoneal cells from these mice was investigated using the leucocyte-adherence inhibition assay. These cells showed a high degree of reactivity with specific antigen. However, this reactivity, but not the reactivity of cells from non-irradiated sensitized mice, could be suppressed by serum from UV-treated sensitized mice. The suppressive effect of this serum could also be demonstrated on other syngeneic systems with unrelated antigens and was partially effective with allogeneic cells, indicating a lack of antigen specificity and genetic restriction. Suppressive properties were also found in serum taken from mice 3-5 days (but not at other times) after irradiation without subsequent sensitization.
Anti-elastase, anti-urease and antioxidant activities of (3-13)-monohydroxyeicosanoic acid isomers (2012)

A series of (3-13)-monohydroxyeicosanoic acid isomers were eva- luated for their anti-elastase, anti-urease and antioxidant activities for the first time in this study. All the test compounds exhibited anti-elastase, anti-urease and antioxidant activities. According to the obtained results, the hydroxyeico- sanoic acid isomers in which the hydroxyl group is located in the middle or close to the middle of the chain showed higher anti-elastase, anti-urease and antioxidant activities than that of the other isomers. Therefore, (3-13)-mono- hydroxyeicosanoic acid isomers can be used in agriculture, pharmacy and cos- metic industries due to their excellent anti-elastase, anti-urease and antioxidant activities.
Detection of abrupt spectral changes using support vector machines an application to audio signal segmentation (2002)

In this paper, we introduce an hybrid time-frequency/support vector machine algorithm for the detection of abrupt spectral changes. A stationarity index is derived from support vector novelty detection theory by using sub-images extracted from the time-frequency plane as feature vectors. Simulations show the efficiency of this new algorithm for audio signal segmentation, compared to another nonparametric detector.
Learning Patterns from the Web to Translate Named Entities for Cross Language Information Retrieval (2008)

Named entity (NE) translation plays an important role in many applications. In this paper, we focus on translating NEs from Korean to Chinese to improve Korean-Chinese cross-language informa-tion retrieval (KCIR). The ideographic nature of Chinese makes NE translation difficult because one syllable may map to several Chinese characters. We propose a hybrid NE translation system. First, we integrate two online databases to ex-tend the coverage of our bilingual dic-tionaries. We use Wikipedia as a trans-lation tool based on the inter-language links between the Korean edition and the Chinese or English editions. We also use Naver.com’s people search en-gine to find a query name’s Chinese or English translation. The second compo-nent is able to learn Korean-Chinese (K-C), Korean-English (K-E), and English-Chinese (E-C) translation patterns from the web. These patterns can be used to extract K-C, K-E and E-C pairs from Google snippets. We found KCIR per-formance using this hybrid configura-tion over five times better than that a dictionary-based configuration using only Naver people search. Mean average precision was as high as 0.3385 and recall reached 0.7578. Our method can han-dle Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and non-CJK NE translation and improve perfor-mance of KCIR substantially. 1
Software-defined-networking-enabled capacity sharing in user-centric networks (2014)

In this article, we discuss user-centric networks as a way of, if not completely solving, considerably mitigating the problem of sharing limited network capacity and resources efficiently and fairly. UCNs are self-organizing networks where the end user plays an active role in delivering networking functions such as providing Internet access to other users. We propose to leverage the recently proposed SDN paradigm to enable cooperation between wireless nodes and provide capacity sharing services in UCNs. Our SDNbased approach allows coverage of existing network infrastructure (e.g., WiFi or 3GPP) to be extended to other end users or ad hoc networks that would otherwise not be able to have access to network connectivity and services. Moreover, the proposed SDN-based architecture also takes into account current network load and conditions, and QoS requirements. Another important feature of our framework is that security is an integral part of the architecture and protocols. We discuss the requirements for enabling capacity sharing services in the context of UCNs (e.g., resource discovery, node admission control, cooperation incentives, QoS, security) and how SDN can aid in enabling such services. The article also describes the proposed SDN-enabled capacity sharing framework for UCNs.
Pressure-volume-temperature behavior of a mixture of difluoromethane and pentafluoromonochloroethane (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPressure-volume-temperature behavior of a mixture of difluoromethane and pentafluoromonochloroethaneW. H. Mears, J. V. Sinka, P. F. Malbrunot, P. A. Meunier, A. G. Dedit, and G. M. ScatenaCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1968, 13, 3, 344–347Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60038a012https://doi.org/10.1021/je60038a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views25Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Methylation demand: a key determinant of homocysteine metabolism. (2004)

Elevated plasma homocysteine is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease. To understand the factors that determine the plasma homocysteine level it is necessary to appreciate the processes that produce homocysteine and those that remove it. Homocysteine is produced as a result of methylation reactions. Of the many methyltransferases, two are, normally, of the greatest quantitative importance. These are guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (that produces creatine) and phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (that produces phosphatidylcholine). In addition, methylation of DOPA in patients with Parkinson's disease leads to increased homocysteine production. Homocysteine is removed either by its irreversible conversion to cysteine (transsulfuration) or by remethylation to methionine. There are two separate remethylation reactions, catalyzed by betaine:homocysteine methyltransferase and methionine synthase, respectively. The reactions that remove homocysteine are very sensitive to B vitamin status as both the transsulfuration enzymes contain pyridoxal phosphate, while methionine synthase contains cobalamin and receives its methyl group from the folic acid one-carbon pool. There are also important genetic influences on homocysteine metabolism.
c-Src protein kinase inhibitors block assembly and maturation of dengue virus (2007)

Dengue virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that represents an important emerging infectious disease and is an international health concern. Currently, there is no vaccine or effective antiviral therapy to prevent or to treat dengue virus infection. The slow progress in developing antiviral agents might be alleviated by the availability of efficient high-throughput anti-dengue virus screening assays. In this study, we report an immunofluorescence image-based assay suitable for identification of small molecule inhibitors of dengue virus infection and replication. Using this assay, we have discovered that inhibitors of the c-Src protein kinase exhibit a potent inhibitory effect on dengue virus (serotypes 1-4) and murine flavivirus Modoc. Mechanism of action studies demonstrated that the c-Src protein kinase inhibitor dasatinib prevents the assembly of dengue virions within the virus-induced membranous replication complex. These results demonstrate that this cell-based screen may provide a powerful means to identify new potential targets for anti-dengue drug development while simultaneously providing pharmacological probes to investigate dengue virus-host cell interactions at the biochemical level. Given the simplicity and excellent reproducibility of the assay, it should be useful in high-throughput screens of both small molecule and RNAi libraries when implemented on a robotic image-based high-throughput screen (HTS) platform. Given the reasonable clinical safety of inhibitors such as dasatinib and AZD0530, inhibitors of c-Src protein kinase may have the potential to become a new class of anti-dengue viral therapeutic agents.
Resolution of Racemic Amines with 2-Methyl-2-phenylbutanedioic Acid (1988)

Five racemic amines were resolved in high chemical and optical yields using (S)-(+)-2-methyl-2-phenylbutanedioic acid as resolving reagent. The reagent can be recovered quantitatively and without any change in its optical purity. (R)-(-)-2-Methyl-2-phenylbutanedioic acid was also obtained.
Gene therapy of the brain in the dog model of Hurler's syndrome (2006)

Gene therapy directed to the entire brain is feasible and may be beneficial to children with Hurler's syndrome. The possibility of subacute encephalitis emphasizes the importance of preventing immune response against IDUA, a problem that needs to be considered in similar therapies for other genetic defects.
Rh<sup>III</sup>‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Coupling of Quinoline <i>N</i>‐Oxides with Alkenes: <i>N</i>‐Oxide as Traceless Directing Group for Remote C–H Activation (2015)

Abstract A Rh III ‐catalyzed dehydrogenative coupling reaction of quinoline N ‐oxides with alkenes has been developed that provides C‐8 olefinated quinoline derivatives by employing a remote C–H activation strategy. Main features of this catalytic method include the use of N ‐oxide as a traceless directing group, the high selectivity of the reaction for the C‐8 position, and the broad scope of possible substrates. Mechanistic studies have also been performed. A five‐membered rhodacycle of quinoline N ‐oxide, a possible key reaction intermediate, was synthesized and characterized for the first time.
Divergence-ratio axi-vision camera (Divcam): A distance mapping camera (2006)

A novel distance mapping camera the divergence-ratio axi-vision camera (Divcam) is proposed. The decay rate of the illuminating light with distance due to the divergence of the light is used as means of mapping the distance. Resolutions of 10mm over a range of meters and 0.5mm over a range of decimeters were achieved. The special features of this camera are its high resolution real-time operation, simplicity, compactness, light weight, portability, and yet low fabrication cost. The feasibility of various potential applications is also included.
Reducing average grain and domain size in high-coercivity Co∕Pd perpendicular magnetic recording media through seedlayer engineering (2005)

InSn seedlayers for Co∕Pd multilayered media were engineered using dopants (Pd, O) to achieve grain size of 7.8±1.8nm(σ=23%) and virgin magnetic cluster size of less than 65nm. HN=−5kOe and Hc=12.2kOe make this media promising for extremely high-density recording. These parameters were all realized with room-temperature depositions without annealing. Media with O-doped 2-nm InSn seedlayers without other adhesion layers achieved Hc=6.2kOe, which will be beneficial in reducing spacing loss. There is evidence that the engineered seedlayers also reduce the anisotropy dispersion and therefore the switching field distributions of these media.