gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: CONVERSION OF THREONINE DERIVATIVES TO DEHYDROAMINO ACIDS BY ELIMINATION OF β‐CHLORO AND O‐TOSYL DERIVATIVES (1977)

Abstract Aus den Hydroxyaminosäureestern (I) entstehen mit PCl 5 die Chlorverbindungen (II), die zu (III) acyliert werden.Bei der Behandlung mit DBU (1,5‐Diazabicyclo(5,4,0)undec‐5‐en) entstehen aus (III) die isomeren Aminocrotonsäureester (IV) und (V), deren Anteile in Relation zu den Bedingungen und Substituenten bestimmt werden.
Effect of supercritical carbon dioxide on morphology development during polymer blending (2000)

Abstract Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ) was added during compounding of polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and the resulting morphology development was observed. The compounding took place in a twin screw extruder and a high‐pressure batch mixer. Viscosity reduction of PMMA and polystyrene were measured using a slit die rheometer attached to the twin screw extruder. Carbon dioxide was added at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 wt% based on polymer melt flow rates. A viscosity reduction of up to 80% was seen with PMMA and up to 70% with polystyrene. A sharp decrease in the size of the minor (dispersed) phase was observed near the injection point of CO 2 in the twin screw extruder for blends with a viscosity ratio, ηPMMA/ηpolystyrene, of 7.3, at a shear rate of 100 s −1 . However, further compounding led to coalescence of the dispersed phase. Adding scCO 2 did not change the path of morphology development; however, the final domain size was smaller. In both batch and continuous blending, de‐mixing occurred upon CO 2 venting. The reduction in size of the PMMA phase was lost after CO 2 venting. The resulting morphology was similar to that without the addition of CO 2 . Adding small amounts of fillers (e.g. carbon black, calcium carbonate, or nano‐clay particles) tended to prevent the de‐mixing of the polymer blend system when the CO 2 was released. For blends with a viscosity ratio of 1.3, at a shear rate of 100 s −1 , the addition of scCO 2 only slightly reduced the domain size of the minor phase.
Managing Occupations in Everyday Life To Achieve Adaptation (1999)

The strategies were interwoven, revealing different ways of reaching an adaptive balance in daily occupations for the present and the future.
Human leukemia cell maturation induced by a T-cell lymphokine isolated from medium conditioned by normal lymphocytes. (1985)

Human myelogeneous leukemia cells in liquid culture can be induced to mature along the monocyte/macrophage pathway by a maturation inducer derived from the conditioned medium of activated human T lymphocytes. Serum-free conditioned medium was used for the isolation of the T-cell lymphokine. The maturation inducer was purified approximately equal to 6000-fold by ammonium sulfate precipitation, low-salt elution from DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, gel filtration on Bio-Gel A-0.5m, and NaDodSO4/PAGE under nonreducing conditions. The molecular weight of the maturation inducer was 36,000-58,000 on NaDodSO4/PAGE. Terminal differentiation associated with inhibition of leukemia cell proliferation and expression of mature cell properties was observed with the isolated maturation inducer, identical to the activity observed with the unfractionated conditioned medium. Cell-cycle analysis revealed that the proportion of replicating S-phase cells was reduced from 40% to 7% after initial interaction of the maturation inducer with cells. The differentiating cells simultaneously acquired monocyte antigen, membrane complement receptors, phagocytic function, and monocyte/macrophage morphology. The maturation-inducing activity is dose-dependent, with more inducer causing the development of more mature cells in a shorter time period. The maturation inducer was shown to be stable after pH 2 treatment, independent of interleukin 2 and colony-stimulating factor, devoid of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-interferon, and not affected by antibody to interferon. The maturation inducer may play a role as a physiological regulator of monocytic and leukemia cell development.
Diabetes mellitus and its treatment (2005)

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder resulting from a defect in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Insulin deficiency in turn leads to chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. It is the most common endocrine disorder and by the year 2010, it is estimated that more than 200 million people worldwide will have DM and 300 million will subsequently have the disease by 2025. As the disease progresses tissue or vascular damage ensues leading to severe diabetic complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, cardiovascular complications and ulceration. Thus, diabetes covers a wide range of heterogeneous diseases. Diabetes mellitus may be categorized into several types but the two major types are type 1 and type 2. Drugs are used primarily to save life and alleviate symptoms. Secondary aims are to prevent long-term diabetic complications and, by eliminating various risk factors, to increase longevity. Insulin replacement therapy is the mainstay for patients with type 1 DM while diet and lifestyle modifications are considered the cornerstone for the treatment and management of type 2 DM. Insulin is also important in type 2 DM when blood glucose levels cannot be controlled by diet, weight loss, exercise and oral medications. Oral hypoglycaemic agents are also useful in the treatment of type 2 DM. Oral hypoglycaemic agents include sulphonylureas, biguanides, alpha glucosidase inhibitors, meglitinide analogues, and thiazolidenediones. The main objective of these drugs is to correct the underlying metabolic disorder, such as insulin resistance and inadequate insulin secretion. They should be prescribed in combination with an appropriate diet and lifestyle changes. Diet and lifestyle strategies are to reduce weight, improve glycaemic control and reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications, which account for 70% to 80% of deaths among those with diabetes. Diabetes is best controlled either by diet alone and exercise (non-pharmacological), or diet with herbal or oral hypoglycaemic agents or insulin (pharmacological). The main side effects are weight gain and hypoglycaemia with sulfonylureas, gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances with metformin, weight gain, GI disturbances and liver injury with thiazolidinediones, GI disturbances, weight gain and hypersensitivity reactions with meglitinides and flatulence, diarrhoea and abdominal bloating with alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. (Int J Diabetes Metab 13:111-134, 2005)
Characterization of large area cadmium telluride films and solar cells deposited on moving substrates by close spaced sublimation (2003)

With CdTe based photovoltaics developed by close spaced sublimation reaching efficiencies of over 16%, commercialization of this technology draws serious attention. Today large area industrial modules have not been able to produce the same performance of their laboratory counterparts. This work provides a means for understanding the various technical challenges in developing an effective deposition technology for large area processing. The submodule process investigated provides a model for continuous and sequential processing of subsequent films. The system has a unique design and constructed with the provision for a moving transport module for the substrate transport. The process was developed to deposit large area CdTe (3 x 3 sq. inch) and provides valuable insights for the development of a large area deposition system. Upon optimizing the system for reproducibility, proper deposition conditions were established.\nFilms deposited under various conditions were studied to improve our understanding of the influence of processing conditions on device performance. The key advantage of this technique over others is its high deposition rate, simplicity of operation and high conversion efficiency. Typical deposition times were two minutes and could be reduced to as low as 45 sec with little variation in performance. The four major parameters that influence the films prepared by close spaced sublimation, namely substrate temperature, source temperature, ambient pressure, and spacing were optimized for best device performance. The influence of each parameter on deposition rate and cell efficiency was also studied. The best cells produced by this technology had an efficiency of 13% with Voc=830 mV, FF= 74% and Jsc=21.1 mA/cm2.
Microdetermination of protein in cereal products (1932)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicrodetermination of protein in cereal productsRex J. Robinson and J. A. ShellenbergerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1932, 4, 2, 243Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1932Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1932https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50078a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50078a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views26Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion with Facet-Screw Fixation (1989)

The optimal surgical construct for lumbar fusion remains controversial. The posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) operation offers advantages including total nuclear disc excision, restoration of disc-space height, root decompression, limited muscle retraction and injury, and solid mechanical arthrodesis. Major disadvantages have included graft displacement, neurologic injury and nonunion. The use of posterior fixation as an adjunct to PLIF reduces the probability of these complications and increases the chances of fusion. This study examines 35 patients who underwent PLIF and facet-screw fixation. Indications for surgery included disabling low-back pain with discographic/MRI-demonstrated disc derrangement, recurrent disc herniation, and failed inter-transverse process fusions. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 18 months. There were no patients with significant neurologic injury or functional root loss. One patient developed graft displacement and failure of fixation (laminar fracture in markedly obese patient). Three patients had subcutaneous hematomas (no surgical treatment required). None of the cases required blood replacement. The authors have concluded that the addition of facet fixation/fusion to the PLIF operation substantially reduces the complication rate of the procedure.
Development and Validation of a Radioimmunoassay for Prostaglandin E2 Metabolite Levels in Plasma* (1983)

Measurements of primary prostaglandins (PGs) in plasma are unreliable, and determinations of their metabolite levels are to be preferred. The principal circulating metabolite of PGE2 [13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2 (PGEM)] is itself unstable however, and this has hindered development of PGE2 metabolite assays. Alkalinization of plasma uniformly converts PGEM and its degradation products to a stable bicyclo compound 11-deoxy-13,14-dihydro-15-keto-11 beta, 16 epsilon-cyclo PGE2 (bicyclo-PGEM). Measurement of bicyclo-PGEM, therefore, enables the PGEM instability problem to be circumvented. This paper describes a specific and sensitive RIA for bicyclo-PGEM in plasma. The assay uses a rabbit antiserum against bicyclo-PGEM and a radiolabel produced by alkalinization of tritiated PGEM. The assay is direct, employing neither chromatographic nor extraction steps. The least detectable mass of bicyclo-PGEM is 1 pg, and the mean mass of added bicyclo-PGEM required to displace zero point binding by 50% is 15 pg. Cross-reactivities of the antiserum against prostanoids are less than 1%. The assay is both accurate and reproducible. Intra- and interassay coefficients of variation are 9.8% and 15.3%, respectively. Plasma concentrations of bicyclo-PGEM in man, rhesus monkey, sheep, and rabbit are reported. This assay allows for reliable measurements of plasma PGE2 metabolites and opens the way for in vivo studies on the significance of PGE2 in health and disease.
Self-Aligned InP/InGaAsP Polarization Converter for Polarization-Multiplexed Photonic Integrated Circuits (2013)

We experimentally demonstrate a compact and low-loss InP/InGaAsP polarization converter, fabricated by a simple self-aligned process. The mode-conversion of 96% and the excess loss of less than 1.0 dB are obtained over the entire C-band.
Laser Safety Management (2010)

An effective laser safety program can mean big savings in time, money, effort, and most importantly, human well-being. It can improve the quality of your research program, your organization's reputation, and ultimately, improve your bottom line. Based on the extensive experience of active Laser Safety Officer Kenneth Barat, Laser Safety Management provides practical tools for successfully implementing a laser safety program in any environment. The book defines the three elements of laser safety: users, the laser safety officer, and incidental personnel. It covers the types of laser injuries, standard operating procedures to ensure safety, tips and tools to avoid pitfalls, training, control measures, and personal protection equipment. The author explores the laser safety officer position and delineates the required elements of effective SOPs. He also discusses non-beam hazards, includes practical control examples and sample forms, and covers U.S. and European regulations and standards. Taking a pedagogical approach, the book covers not only how to avoid accidents, but how to investigate them if they do occur. It includes a sample safety program designed to evaluate your current safety plan and act as a roadmap for where you need to be and how to get there. Filled with common sense solutions for laser safety issues, the book makes setting up a safety program practically painless.
An evaluation model for determining the business process benefits of thixoforming (2000)

This paper describes the development of a financial model for evaluating the benefits of introducing a new technology. Thixoforming is a semi-solid metal processing technique that can offer potential users a number of technical and economic advantages. This process has been commercialized for a number of products, particularly in the United States and Italy, but there is significant scope for its further exploitation, especially within UK manufacturing. One of the major obstacles to the further adoption of this technique is the ability of potential users to evaluate and quantify the benefits offered. The model developed adopts a business process perspective to this and demonstrates how ‘intangible’ benefits can be quantified.
Determination of epoxy side groups in polymers. Infrared analysis of methyl methacrylate-glycidyl methacrylate copolymers (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of epoxy side groups in polymers. Infrared analysis of methyl methacrylate-glycidyl methacrylate copolymersSwaraj. Paul and Bengt. RanbyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1975, 47, 8, 1428–1429Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60358a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60358a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views584Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Prostaglandin production by human trabecular cells: in vitro inhibition by dexamethasone. (1983)

In addition to the well-known ability of prostaglandins (PGs) to raise intraocular pressure (IOP), it recently has been reported that moderate and low doses of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha significantly reduce IOP in a variety of experimental animals. These studies suggested to us that PGs might serve as endogenous regulators of outflow facility in the meshwork if these autacoids were produced and secreted by human trabecular cells. To examine this possibility, media from well-defined trabecular cell material were assayed using specific radioimmunoassays. Morphologically differentiated human trabecular cells produced high levels of PGE2, and somewhat lower levels of PGF2 alpha and 6KF1 alpha in the presence and absence of serum. In a typical experiment, the following PG levels were detected in the cell culture media after 24 hours: PGE2; 225; PGF2 alpha, 33.5; 6KF1 alpha, 12.7 ng/ml with the presence of 10% fetal calf serum; and PGE2, 30.0; PGF2 alpha, 4.8; 6KF1 alpha, 3.6 ng/ml in serum-free media. Since glucocorticoids are known to inhibit PG pathways in other tissues, this effect was examined in the cultured trabecular cells. Moderate concentrations of dexamethasone (DEX) produced a marked inhibition in the levels of all three PGs. For PGE2 production, 10(-8) M DEX inhibited approximately 75%, and 10(-7) M DEX inhibited approximately 90%. More detailed dose-response studies revealed that the I50 for inhibition of PG production by dexamethasone was less than 10 nM, thus indicating that the steroid effect probably involved high affinity glucocorticoid receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Properties, biosynthesis and processing of a sulfur‐rich protein in Brazil nut (<i>Bertholletia excelsa</i> H.B.K.) (1987)

An abundant seed protein, which is exceptionally rich in the sulfur-containing amino acids, methionine (18%) and cysteine (8%), is synthesized in Brazil nut embryos about 9 months after flowering. This sulfur-rich protein consists of two low-molecular-mass polypeptide components, a 9-kDa polypeptide and a 3-kDa polypeptide. The two-subunit polypeptides associate through disulfide linkage(s) to form a 12-kDa protein molecule. We have demonstrated through in vitro translation studies, using RNA from 9-month-old embryos, that the sulfur-rich protein is synthesized as a larger precursor polypeptide of 18 kDa. In addition, data from in vivo labelling studies of 9-month-old Brazil nuts suggest that there are two intermediate precursors of the sulfur-rich protein, one of 15 kDa and another of 12 kDa. One of these precursors, the 12-kDa polypeptide, accumulates for a 2-month period in the developing embryos. From these data we infer that at least three stepwise cleavages are involved in the maturation of the sulfur-rich protein from its 18-kDa precursor.
A Compact Ultra Wide-Band Radar System for See-Through-Wall Applications (2013)

This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact
EERA-KWS: A 163 TOPS/W Always-on Keyword Spotting Accelerator in 28nm CMOS Using Binary Weight Network and Precision Self-Adaptive Approximate Computing (2019)

This paper proposed an energy-efficient reconfigurable accelerator for keyword spotting (EERA-KWS) based on binary weight network (BWN) and fabricated in 28-nm CMOS technology. This keyword spotting system consists of two parts: the feature extraction based on melscale frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) and the keywords classification based on a BWN model, which is trained through the Google’s Speech Commands database and deployed on our custom. To reduce the power consumption while maintaining the system recognition accuracy, we first optimize the MFCC implementation with approximate computing techniques, including Pre-emphasis coefficient transformation, rectangular Mel filtering, Framing and FFT optimization. Then, we propose a precision self-adaptive reconfigurable accelerator with digital-analog mixed approximate computing units to process the BWN efficiently. Based on the SNR prediction of background noise and post-detection of network output confidence, the BWN accelerator data path can be dynamically and adaptively reconfigured as 4, 8, or 16 bits. For the BWN accelerator, we proposed a time-delay based addition unit to process bit-wise approximate computing for the convolution layers and fully connected layers, and a LUT based unit for the activation layers. Implemented under TSMC 28 nm HPC+ process technology, the estimated power is <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$77.8~\mu \text{W}~\sim ~115.9\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , the energy efficiency can achieve 163 TOPS/W, which is over <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.8\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> better than the state-of-the-art architecture.
Kinetic Cooling of a Gas by Absorption of CO2 Laser Radiation (1972)

The effect of kinetic cooling due to the absorption of 10.6-μ CO2 laser radiation in the atmosphere has recently been predicted. In this letter, experimental evidence for this effect is presented. Transient-density increases due to the kinetic cooling have been observed in CO2–N2 mixtures following the propagation of an ∼ 1-μsec 0.5-J CO2 laser pulse through the gas. The experiments were performed with varying concentrations of CO2 and the observed cooling and subsequent heating effects are explained using the usual three-level approximation for vibrational-energy transfer in CO2–N2, together with known relaxation rates.