gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Patient classification as an outlier detection problem: An application of the One-Class Support Vector Machine (2011)

Pattern recognition approaches, such as the Support Vector Machine (SVM), have been successfully used to classify groups of individuals based on their patterns of brain activity or structure. However these approaches focus on finding group differences and are not applicable to situations where one is interested in accessing deviations from a specific class or population. In the present work we propose an application of the one-class SVM (OC-SVM) to investigate if patterns of fMRI response to sad facial expressions in depressed patients would be classified as outliers in relation to patterns of healthy control subjects. We defined features based on whole brain voxels and anatomical regions. In both cases we found a significant correlation between the OC-SVM predictions and the patients' Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), i.e. the more depressed the patients were the more of an outlier they were. In addition the OC-SVM split the patient groups into two subgroups whose membership was associated with future response to treatment. When applied to region-based features the OC-SVM classified 52% of patients as outliers. However among the patients classified as outliers 70% did not respond to treatment and among those classified as non-outliers 89% responded to treatment. In addition 89% of the healthy controls were classified as non-outliers.
Recycling of fiber-reinforced composites and direct structural composite recycling concept (2013)

Fiber-reinforced polymer composites are engineered materials commonly used for many structural applications because of the high strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios. Although the service life of these materials in various applications is usually between 15 and 20 years, these often keep the physical properties beyond this time. Recycling composites using chemical, mechanical, and thermal processing is reviewed in this article. In this review of carbon, aramide, and glass fiber composites, we provide, as of 2011, a complete view of each composite recycling technology, highlight the possible energy requirements, explain the product outputs of recycling, and discuss the quality (fiber strength) of recyclates and how each recyclate fiber could be used in the market for sustainable composite manufacturing. This article also includes the new concept of ‘direct structural composite recycling’ and the use of these products in the same or different applications as low-cost composite materials after small modifications.
Pure silica core polarization maintaining fiber (1988)

A pure silica core polarization maintaining fiber PMF was fabricated. A pure silica core-fluorine added cladding structure causes minimum transmission loss of 0.188 dB/km at 1.57 mu m wavelength. It was also confirmed that the pure silica core PMF has high reliability under gamma -ray irradiation and hydrogen atmosphere, which promises the application of this fiber to the fiber optic sensors under the extreme harsh environment.
Concurrent dual-channel RF transceiver module with diversity for 802.11p WAVE (2012)

In this paper, we present a prototype of a concurrent dual-channel RF transceiver module with diversity for wireless access in vehicular environment (WAVE) system. Two parallel RF paths are designed for concurrent communication. At each moment of time, both transceivers in the RF paths are simultaneously operated as transmitters or receivers. In each path, two antennas are connected with a diversity switch for pure selection diversity. The implemented RF module is evaluated by measuring the transmission spectrum in the transmitting mode. The measured spectrum of the 10 MHz channel bandwidth at the center frequency of 5.86 GHz satisfies the required transmission spectrum mask of Class C in IEEE 802.11p. Moreover, when the module works as a receiver, we can confirm the packet error rate (PER) by monitoring the number of received packets in the measurement system.
Proteolytic processing of the protease which initiates degradation of small, acid-soluble proteins during germination of Bacillus subtilis spores (1993)

Degradation of small, acid-soluble spore proteins during germination of Bacillus subtilis spores is initiated by a sequence-specific protease called GPR. Western blot (immunoblot) analysis of either Bacillus megaterium or B. subtilis GPR expressed in B. subtilis showed that GPR is synthesized at about the third hour of sporulation in a precursor form and is processed to an approximately 2- to 5-kDa-smaller species 2 to 3 h later, at or slightly before the time of accumulation of dipicolinic acid by the forespore. This was found with both normal levels of expression of B. subtilis and B. megaterium GPR in B. subtilis, as well as when either protein was overexpressed up to 100-fold. The sporulation-specific processing of GPR was blocked in all spoIII, -IV, and -V mutants tested (none of which accumulated dipicolinic acid), but not in a spoVI mutant which accumulated dipicolinic acid. The amino-terminal sequences of the B. megaterium and B. subtilis GPR initially synthesized in sporulation were identical to those predicted from the coding genes' sequences. However, the processed form generated in sporulation lacked 15 (B. megaterium) or 16 (B. subtilis) amino-terminal residues. The amino acid sequence surrounding this proteolytic cleavage site was very homologous to the consensus sequence recognized and cleaved by GPR in its small, acid-soluble spore protein substrates. This observation, plus the efficient processing of overproduced GPR during sporulation, suggests that the GPR precursor may autoproteolyze itself during sporulation. During spore germination, the GPR from either species expressed in B. subtilis was further processed by removal of one additional amino-terminal amino acid (leucine), generating the mature protease which acts during spore germination.
Novel 2T gain cell with enhanced retention time for embedded DRAM application (2014)

A high performance 2T gain cell memory device is demonstrated for the first time in 0.13μm CMOS technology. A novel asymmetric source and drain doping profile combined with high threshold voltage (Vt) scheme for the write transistor is introduced to reduce the cell leakage and then improve data retention characteristics. Experimental results show a data retention of 698μs @85°C with 99.9% yield, which proves that the proposed 2T gain cell may be a very promising candidate for low cost and high density eDRAM application.
Carbon dioxide removal from compressed air by pressure swing adsorption. (1987)

吸着による空気中の炭酸ガス除去は温度スイング吸着 (TSAと略す) で実用化され, 解析および設計データが公表されている.一方, 圧力スイング吸着 (PSAと略す) では, 吸・脱着時に過渡状態で吸着帯が移動することから, 定量的な解析がむずかしく, 吸着塔設計のためのデータはほとんど公表されていない.著者らはPSAの吸・脱着で生じる温度差が炭酸ガス除去性能に及ぼす影響について検討した.その結果, (1) 吸・脱着時の塔内温度変動は空気の共吸着によって生じること, (2) 精製空気中炭酸ガス濃度は総括物質移動係数によって整理でき, 吸着速度の大きい吸着剤がPSA操作における炭酸ガス除去に適することを明らかにした.
L. L. Bean Improves Call-Center Forecasting (1995)

We developed and implemented two forecasting models for use at L. L. Bean, Inc., a widely known retailer of high-quality outdoor goods and apparel. The models forecast calls incoming to L. L. Bean’s call center so that efficient staffing schedules for telephone agents can be produced two weeks in advance. We used the ARIMA/transfer function methodology to model these time series data since they exhibit seasonal patterns but are strongly influenced by independent variables, including holiday and advertising interventions. The improved precision of our models is estimated to save $300,000 annually through enhanced scheduling efficiency.
Expression of Vitreoscilla Hemoglobin in Escherichia coli Enhances Ribosome and tRNA Levels: A Flow Field-Flow Fractionation Study (1999)

Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (FFF) was used to separate and quantitate 70S ribosomes, the 30S and 50S subunits, and tRNA in one single analytical procedure. The method was applied to an investigation of the effect of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) on the translational machinery of the recombinant Escherichia coli cells. The number of active 70S ribosomes per cell increased dramatically, more than 2-fold, as did also the tRNA levels for the VHb-expressing strain relative to VHb-negative control at the end of a 30-h fed-batch cultivation. This was accompanied by a corresponding 61% increase of a cloned marker enzyme activity. The results clearly indicate that VHb promotes the level of translational components. There should be many other cases in bioengineering where it is important to relate the protein production level in a bioreactor to the ribosome and tRNA levels.
Microbiological Formation and Preparation of 3-Ketoglycosides from Disaccharides (1960)

Summary: The conditions for the formation, the isolation and the purification of a new class of disaccharide derivatives, namely 3-ketoglycosides, are described. These compounds are formed by the action of certain bacteria, provisionally called Alcaligenes faecalis, on lactose, maltose, lacto- or maltobionate. From lactose about 76 % of the total amount was converted into the corresponding 3-ketoglyco-side. Neither the corresponding monoses, gluconate nor equimolar mixtures of these substances were oxidized this way. The new substances were ultimately purified by paper chromatography. No crystalline preparations have so far been obtained. These bacteria contain strong hydrolases for either maltose or lactose, and weak ones for the bionates. The yield of 3-ketoglycosides is inversely proportional to the hydrolase activity.
The Photochemical Generation of Hydroxyl Radicals in the UV−vis/Ferrioxalate/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> System (1999)

A reaction mechanism has been validated for the photochemical generation of hydroxyl radicals by ultraviolet or visible irradiation of oxalato iron(III) complexes (ferrioxalate) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and 2-propanol as a model substrate. A kinetic simulation program incorporating the set of reactions was written to predict the behavior of this photochemical system. The program calculates the quantum yield of oxidation of 2-propanol used as a hydroxyl radical scavenger. The scavenger's oxidation product, 2-propanone, was analyzed by gas chromatog raphy after controlled exposure of the solution to a calibrated light source. The theoretical quantum yields of 2-propanol oxidation, ΦRH, agreed reasonably well with experimentally determined ΦRH values under a variety of initial reaction conditions. The value of ΦRH, which under appropriate conditions is directly proportional to the quantum yield for the generation of hydroxyl radicals, ΦOH, was considerably greater than unity in most cases (often ΦRH = 3.0−4.0), indicative of a chain mechanism involving iron cycling between the II and III oxidation states.
A 10dB 44GHz Loss-Compensated CMOS Distributed Amplifier (2007)

An 8-stage distributed amplifier (DA) suitable for 40Gb/s optical communication is implemented in a 0.13 μm CMOS process. The losses of on-chip transmission lines are compensated by active negative resistors. The DA achieves a flat gain of 10dB from DC to 44GHz with an input and output matching better than -8dB. The core DA and loss compensation circuitry dissipate 44mW and 59mW, respectively.
[Study on the surgery treatments in patients with maxillary osteofibrous hyperplasia of bone]. (2008)

The diagnosis can be made by history, signs and radiography. Caldwell-lud operation with nasal endoscopy is more effective treatment, and advocated in clinical practice.
Entecavir Surprise (2007)

The truly remarkable advances in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection have turned a once nearly uniform death sentence into a treatable condition. The survival benefits resulting from the use of antiretroviral drugs are estimated to have saved 3 million years of life; these benefits compare favorably with those of many other interventions for chronic diseases.1 In the 20 years since zidovudine was first approved, more than 20 other antiretroviral drugs have emerged, including inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, protease, and attachment and entry. Several other experimental agents now in expanded-access programs may be approved in . . .
Quantitative exposure‐response relations between physical workload and prevalence of lateral epicondylitis in a working population (2009)

Frequency of forceful exertion or a combination of forearm supination and forceful lifting were significant physical factors and should be considered for prevention strategies.
Carbonic Anhydrase IX Interacts with Bicarbonate Transporters in Lamellipodia and Increases Cell Migration via Its Catalytic Domain (2011)

Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is a hypoxia-induced cell surface enzyme expressed in solid tumors, and functionally involved in acidification of extracellular pH and destabilization of intercellular contacts. Since both extracellular acidosis and reduced cell adhesion facilitate invasion and metastasis, we investigated the role of CA IX in cell migration, which promotes the metastatic cascade. As demonstrated here, ectopically expressed CA IX increases scattering, wound healing and transwell migration of MDCK cells, while an inactive CA IX variant lacking the catalytic domain (ΔCA) fails to do so. Correspondingly, hypoxic HeLa cells exhibit diminished migration upon inactivation of the endogenous CA IX either by forced expression of the dominant-negative ΔCA variant or by treatment with CA inhibitor, implying that the catalytic activity is indispensable for the CA IX function. Interestingly, CA IX improves cell migration both in the absence and presence of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), an established inducer of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. On the other hand, HGF up-regulates CA IX transcription and triggers CA IX protein accumulation at the leading edge of lamellipodia. In these membrane regions CA IX co-localizes with sodium bicarbonate co-transporter (NBCe1) and anion exchanger 2 (AE2) that are both components of the migration apparatus and form bicarbonate transport metabolon with CA IX. Moreover, CA IX physically interacts with AE2 and NBCe1 in situ, as shown here for the first time. Thus, our findings suggest that CA IX actively contributes to cell migration via its ability to facilitate ion transport and pH control at protruding fronts of moving cells.
New HELIC-II (1995)

The new IL%?ZC-11 is a software tool for legal reasoning. It consists of two functions -argumentation function and debating function. Argumentation function is retilzed by a typed logic programming language with generalization of rules and defea.sible reasoning based on priority of rules. Debating function is realized by meta knowledge which controls the argumentation function. This paper introduces overview of the new HELIC-H system. We show how legal knowledge is represented in the new HELIC-11 illustrated by presenting the example of an actual criminzd case.
A Novel Proteomics-Based Clinical Diagnostics Technology Identifies Heterogeneity in Activated Signaling Pathways in Gastric Cancers (2013)

Our study highlights the utility of a novel companion diagnostics technology, CEER that has strong implications for drug development and therapeutic monitoring. CEER is used to provide an increased understanding of activated signaling pathways in advanced GCs that can significantly improve their clinical management through accurate patient selection for targeted therapeutics.
Structural Basis for the Oligomerization-State Switch from a Dimer to a Trimer of an Engineered Cortexillin-1 Coiled-Coil Variant (2013)

Coiled coils are well suited to drive subunit oligomerization and are widely used in applications ranging from basic research to medicine. The optimization of these applications requires a detailed understanding of the molecular determinants that control of coiled-coil formation. Although many of these determinants have been identified and characterized in great detail, a puzzling observation is that their presence does not necessarily correlate with the oligomerization state of a given coiled-coil structure. Thus, other determinants must play a key role. To address this issue, we recently investigated the unrelated coiled-coil domains from GCN4, ATF1 and cortexillin-1 as model systems. We found that well-known trimer-specific oligomerization-state determinants, such as the distribution of isoleucine residues at heptad-repeat core positions or the trimerization motif Arg-h-x-x-h-Glu (where h = hydrophobic amino acid; x = any amino acid), switch the peptide's topology from a dimer to a trimer only when inserted into the trigger sequence, a site indispensable for coiled-coil formation. Because high-resolution structural information could not be obtained for the full-length, three-stranded cortexillin-1 coiled coil, we here report the detailed biophysical and structural characterization of a shorter variant spanning the trigger sequence using circular dichroism, anatytical ultracentrifugation and x-ray crystallography. We show that the peptide forms a stable α-helical trimer in solution. We further determined the crystal structure of an optimised variant at a resolution of 1.65 Å, revealing that the peptide folds into a parallel, three-stranded coiled coil. The two complemented R-IxxIE trimerization motifs and the additional hydrophobic core isoleucine residue adopt the conformations seen in other extensively characterized parallel, three-stranded coiled coils. These findings not only confirm the structural basis for the switch in oligomerization state from a dimer to a trimer observed for the full-length cortexillin-1 coiled-coil domain, but also provide further evidence for a general link between oligomerization-state specificity and trigger-sequence function.
The Emerging Role of Glutamate in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Schizophrenia (2001)

Dysfunction of glutamatergic neurotransmission may play an important role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, especially of the negative symptoms and cognitive impairments associated with the disorder, and is a promising target for drug development.
Expression and Regulation of the <i>sodF</i> Gene Encoding Iron- and Zinc-Containing Superoxide Dismutase in <i>Streptomyces coelicolor</i> Muller (1998)

Streptomyces coelicolor Müller contains two superoxide dismutases (SODs), nickel-containing (NiSOD) and iron- and zinc-containing SOD (FeZnSOD). The sodF gene encoding FeZnSOD was isolated by using PCR primers corresponding to the N-terminal peptide sequence of the purified FeZnSOD and a C-terminal region conserved among known FeSODs and MnSODs. The deduced amino acid sequence exhibited highest similarity to Mn- and FeSODs from Propionibacterium shermanii and Mycobacterium spp. The transcription start site of the sodF gene was determined by primer extension. When the sodF gene was cloned in pIJ702 and introduced into Streptomyces lividans TK24, it produced at least 30 times more FeZnSOD than the control cells. We disrupted the sodF gene in S. lividans TK24 and found that the disruptant did not produce any FeZnSOD enzyme activity but produced more NiSOD. The expression of the cloned sodF gene in TK24 cells was repressed significantly by Ni, consistent with the regulation pattern in nonoverproducing cells. This finding suggests that the cloned sodF gene contains the cis-acting elements necessary for Ni regulation. When the sodF mRNA in S. coelicolor Muller cells was analyzed by S1 mapping of both 5' and 3' ends, we found that Ni caused a reduction in the level of monocistronic sodF transcripts. Ni did not affect the stability of sodF mRNA, indicating that it regulates transcription. S. lividans TK24 cells overproducing FeZnSOD became more resistant to oxidants such as menadione and lawsone than the control cells, suggesting the protective role of FeZnSOD. However, the sodF disruptant survived as well as the wild-type strain in the presence of these oxidants, suggesting the complementing role of NiSOD increased in the disruptant.
Efficacy of Methylenecyclopropane Analogs of Nucleosides Against Herpesvirus Replication In Vitro (2003)

We have reported previously that purine methylenecyclopropane analogs are potent agents against cytomegaloviruses. In an attempt to extend the activity of these compounds, the 2-amino-6-cyclopropylaminopurine analog, QYL-1064, was selected for further study by modifying the purine 6 substituent. A total of 22 analogs were tested against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2), varicella zoster virus (VZV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV-6) and human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8). Ten of the analogs had activity against at least one of the viruses tested. One compound had moderate activity against HSV-1 and six had activity against VZV. All but one compound was active against HCMV with a mean EC50 of 2.1 +/- 0.6 microM, compared with a mean EC50 of 3.9 +/- 0.8 microM for ganciclovir. Of special interest was the fact that eight of the ten compounds were active against both HHV-6A and HHV-6B with mean EC50 values of 6.0 +/- 5.2 mciroM and <2.4 +/- 1.5 microM, respectively. Only two compounds had activity against EBV, whereas all but one compound was active against HHV-8 with a mean EC50 of 3.1 +/- 1.7 microM. These results indicate that members of this series of methylenecyclopropane analogs are highly active against HCMV, HHV-6, and HHV-8 but are less active against HSV, VZV, and EBV.
Data Analysis for Chemistry (2005)

Chemical data analysis, with aspects of metrology in chemistry and chemometrics, is an evolving discipline where new and better ways of doing things are constantly being developed. This book makes data analysis simple by demystifying the language and whenever possible giving unambiguous ways of doing things. Based on author D. Brynn Hibberts lectures on data analysis to undergraduates and graduate students, Data Analysis for Chemistry covers topics including measurements, means and confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, analysis of variance, and calibration models. The end result is a compromise between recipes of how to perform different aspects of data analysis, and basic information on the background principles behind the recipes to be performed. An entry level book targeted at learning and teaching undergraduate data analysis, Data Analysis for Chemistry makes it easy for readers to find the information they are seeking to perform the data analysis they think they need.