gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Homogeneity of the Structural Glycoprotein from European Isolates of Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus: Comparison with Other Flaviviruses (1981)

Isolates of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus from Finland, Germany, Czechoslovakia, Switzerland and Austria were compared with strains of the Far Eastern subtype isolated in Russia as well as Louping ill virus and other flaviviruses belonging to a different serocomplex: West Nile, Murray Valley encephalitis and Rocio viruses. Analysis of the structural polypeptides by SDS--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS--PAGE) revealed identical mol. wt. of the glycoprotein E (mol. wt. 55 000) and the core protein C (mol. wt. 15 000) for all the TBE virus strains analysed. However, the small envelope protein M from viruses isolated in Germany, Switzerland and Austria migrated slightly slower (apparent mol. wt. 7500) compared to M from viruses isolated in Finland, Czechoslovakia or the Far Eastern subtype strains (apparent mol. wt. 6500 to 7000). The structural glycoproteins were isolated from purified [35S]methionine-labeled virions and subjected to peptide mapping by limited proteolysis with alpha-chymotrypsin or V8 protease followed by SDS--PAGE of the resulting cleavage products. With both proteases a remarkably homogeneous pattern was obtained for all the European isolates with only very minor deviations from a common pattern in single cases. Similar but distinguishable patterns were obtained for the Far Eastern subtype strains and also Louping ill virus, which, in addition, differed in the mol. wt. of its core protein C (mol. wt. 16 000) and the small membrane protein M (mol. wt. 9000). These almost identical peptide maps observed with the TBE virus strains were in sharp contrast to the unrelated patterns obtained with the glycoproteins from West Nile, Murray Valley encephalitis and Rocio viruses. Although these viruses are serologically closely related and members of the same serocomplex of flaviviruses their glycoprotein peptide maps were completely different from one another. In a competitive radioimmunoassay all European TBE virus isolates showed identical immunological reactivity which further points to the great stability of this type of virus.
Effects of an itaconic acid comonomer on the structural evolution and thermal behaviors of polyacrylonitrile used for polyacrylonitrile‐based carbon fibers (2014)

ABSTRACT The influence of an acid comonomer on the structural evolution and thermal behaviors of a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) terpolymer containing about 4.19 wt % methyl methacrylate and 0.98 wt % itaconic acid (IA) during a heating treatment were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetry (TG) and compared with the PAN homopolymer. From the results of FTIR spectroscopy and DSC, we found that the presence of the IA comonomer promoted cyclization reactions at a faster rate and broadened the exothermic peak; this eased the concentration of heat release. By comparing the results of the TG data, we found that the presence of the IA comonomer promoted dehydrogenation reactions and the formation of a large quantity of better ladder structures. In additional, the better ladder structures that formed were easier to convert from ladder structures into graphitelike structures. The activation energy of random scissions at about 300°C was calculated by the Kissinger method. The results show that the presence of the IA comonomer inhibited the random scission reactions to some extent. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131 , 40834.
SPONTANEOUS PRODUCTION OF FIBRONECTIN BY ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES IN PATIENTS WITH SCLERODERMA (1989)

Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis is a common manifestation of systemic sclerosis (SSc) and is a pathologic feature shared by a variety of other diseases. In these other disease processes, the glycoprotein fibronectin (FN) has been shown to be released by the alveolar macrophage, and is thus implicated in the development of fibrosis. We therefore studied the release of FN by alveolar macrophages obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage of 17 patients with SSc and 14 controls. We found that SSc alveolar macrophages released significantly more FN than did those of controls. Furthermore, the level of FN correlated positively with the level of inflammation determined by cellular analysis of lavage fluid and negatively with carbon monoxide diffusing capacity. FN may therefore play a role in the development of lung fibrosis in SSc and may be a marker of alveolitis.
Optical modeling of thin-film silicon solar cells with submicron periodic gratings and nonconformal layers (2011)

In thin-film silicon solar cells (TFSC) efficient light management is essential in order to increase energy conversion efficiency. The application of nano-scale periodic gratings (PG) is a promising method to enhance absorption in the absorber layers of TFSC since they can efficiently scatter the incident light. Carefully designed gratings give a possibility to increase the photocurrent over a wavelength range where silicon exhibits a weak absorption. Maxwell's equations solver was employed to carry out optical simulations of TFSC with PG. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements demonstrate that film deposition smoothens the morphology of PG. In the simulations we used the results of AFM measurements to define the morphology of interfaces between the layers of TFSC. An optimum smoothing of interface roughness was determined that resulted in maximum absorption in thin-film silicon solar cells.
NOTE: Polymerization of Cyclic Esters Using Aminoacid Initiators (2008)

The low-molecular weight poly(ϵ -caprolactone) and polylactide were obtained by the polymerization of cyclic esters in the presence of amino acid initiators. The polymer structures were elucidated by means of MALDI TOF, NMR and IR studies. Effects of temperature, reaction time and initiator dosage on the polymerization process were examined.
The Modified Fitzpatrick Wrinkle Scale: A Clinical Validated Measurement Tool for Nasolabial Wrinkle Severity Assessment (2008)

The MFWS is a reliable method for quantitative assessment of nasolabial skin folds, with good inter- and intraassessor reliability. Including descriptions with the photographs increased reliability.
Conjugation of Selenophene with Bipyridine for a High Molar Extinction Coefficient Sensitizer in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2009)

A high molar extinction coefficient heteroleptic polypyridyl ruthenium sensitizer, featuring a conjugated electron-rich selenophene unit in its ancillary ligand, has been synthesized and demonstrated as an efficient sensitizer in dye-sensitized solar cells. A nanocrystalline titania film stained with this sensitizer shows improved optical absorptivity, which is highly desirable for dye-sensitized solar cells with a thin photoactive layer. With preliminary testing, this sensitizer has already achieved a high efficiency of 10.6% measured under the air mass 1.5 global conditions.
7.3: LCD Ruggedization in Displays with Optically Bonded AR Glass Lamination (2006)

Optical bonding of anti-reflective cover glass to LCD panels to improve sunlight readability is well known, though ruggedization benefits have seen little study. Detailed discussion of impact tests for notebook PC type displays with and without bonded cover glass will be presented as will vibration response data which show significant reduction in transmissibility as a result of viscoelastic damping in the optical adhesive.
Automated scoring of a neuropsychological test: the Rey Osterrieth complex figure (2002)

The Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF) is a widely used neuropsychological test for visual perception and long term visual memory. Many scoring systems are used to quantify the accuracy of the drawings; these are currently implemented by hand in a subjective manner. The paper gives details of the current progress of a novel technique to locate the scoring sections of the most common of these systems (the Osterrieth Scoring System), with the ultimate goal of automating the scoring system. High levels of distortion are possible, making this an extremely difficult task; however location and perceptual grading of the basic geometric features (triangles, rectangles and diamonds) have been most successful. All but one section in the test data was located (99.3% success) and 78% of the perceptual grades calculated were within 5% of grades generated by independent raters. Unary spatial metrics have been implemented to reduce the possible section candidates by an average of 75% without the loss of a single section.
Expression and Functions of P‐glycoprotein (<i>mdr 1</i> gene product) in Normal and Malignant Tissues (1990)

This paper describes the cellular and tissue distribution of P-glycoprotein (P-GP) (mdr1 gene product), the role of P-GP in vivo and immunodiagnosis of multi-drug-resistant cancers. We mainly used MRK 16 monoclonal antibody (MAb) reactive with P-GP. P-GP was found to be expressed very strongly in the adrenal cortex of adults and strongly in the renal tubules of the kidney, capillary blood vessels of the brain, and also in placenta. Interestingly, P-GP was not distributed in fetal and neonatal adrenals, and thus may be closely related to adrenal maturation. A high level of P-GP expression was also seen in all cases of functional hormone-producing adrenal tumor, one case of insulinoma, two cases of untreated colonic cancer, one case each of untreated lung cancer, gastric cancer and breast cancer, six cases of renal cell carcinoma and 17 cases of bladder cancer. Using flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry, we investigated the reactivity of MRK 16 MAb with peripheral human mononuclear cells (mainly blastic cells and lymphocytes) from 31 patients with leukemia or malignant lymphoma. Reactivity with MRK 16 MAb was observed in five cases. Some cases reflected the prior administration of adriamycin, vincristine and VP-16, which are known to induce P-GP expression. P-GP-MRK 16-protein A-Sepharose complex derived from human adrenal possessed marked ATPase activity. These data suggest that P-GP may play a physiological role in the human adrenal. Finally, diagnostic criteria of multi-drug-resistant cancers are presented.
Exploiting Structure in Crowdsourcing Tasks via Latent Factor Models (2012)

Internet crowdsourcing services such as the Amazon Mechanical Turk (1) and the ESP Game (15) have become important tools for the machine learning community by facilitating the distributed labeling of large datasets at little cost. A key challenge when using crowdsourcing to label databases is the need to derive high quality labels by aggregating the responses from labelers of varying reliability over data instances of varying difficulty. Existing algorithms for quality control and label inference (14; 17; 10) suffer several significant shortcomings: (1) Existing methods are incapable of modeling interaction effects between labeler and data items, such as when some labelers have specialized knowledge about a particular subset of items. (2) Existing algorithms assume that labelers ’ accuracies, as well as data instances ’ difficulties, are independent. In reality, there may be a priori information about labelers (or data instances) that predicts those labelers ’ accuracy at the labeling task. Analogously, certain features shared among data instances may predict their difficulty of being labeled correctly. In this paper, we present an algorithm that addresses both of these shortcomings. We demonstrate that the proposed algorithm delivers superior accuracy, compared to previous methods, of inferring data labels on a difficult facial expression labeling task. Finally, we show that our proposed model subsumes certain previous models as special cases. 1
The Effect of CaO and MgO as Expanding Additives to Improve Cement Isolation Strength under HPHT Exposure (2005)

Cementing is one of the most important parts in oil-well drilling. Recent development in oil-well drilling technology has led to a more problematic case in cementing. High temperature cementing is one of the problems. High temperature cementing may cover steam recovery wells, geothermal wells and ultra deep wells. The use of expanding cements as an effort to improve the sealing efficacy of annulus cementing has been considered for a long time as a promising solution to the existing problems. CaO and MgO have been proposed as two of the most effective additives to create excellent expanding cement. The purpose of this study is to find the effect of adding up burnt pure CaO and MgO to the value of compressive strength and shear bond strength of API class G cement in high pressure and high temperature condition. The method that we used within this research is an evaluation of the data taken from a simulator that simulated within temperature range of 100 -250 o C and pressure of 2000 psi. The conclusion is taken according to the results which saying that the addition of burnt pure CaO and MgO would increase the shear bond strength and the compressive strength on specific condition up to 200 o C temperature. The addition won't be effective for the condition of 250 o C temperature. The behavior of cement strength was also influenced by the length of curing time. Further more, research on expanding cement needs to be developed and extended whether to vary its compositions, temperatures, or curing time conditions. The compatibility when mixed with other additives together with silica flour has not yet been figured out.
Recombinant music: using the computer to explore musical style (1991)

A research project called Experiments in Musical Intelligence (EMI) is discussed. One subprogram of EMI is an expert system that uses pattern recognition processes to create recombinant music, i.e. music written in the styles of various composers by means of a contextual recombination of elements in the music of those composers. This EMI subprogram separates and analyzes musical pitches and durations and then mixes and recombines the patterns of these pitches and durations so that while each new composition is different, it substantially conforms to the style of the original. The fundamental problems in building a program to produce effective recombinant music are identified. The three steps used by the EMI program are discussed. They are: pattern matching for characteristics of the composer's style, analyzing each component for its deep hierarchical musical function, and reassembling the parts sensitively with a technique drawn from natural-language processing. Some examples of EMI's output are examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
On minimizing the peak-to-average power ratio for the sum of N sinusoids (1993)

A new derivation is presented of a previously known relationship for phasing N equal-amplitude, equally spaced (in frequency) sinusoids so that the peak-to-average power ratio of their sum is 2.6 dB. The method of derivation provides intuitive insight into why this result is possible, and shows that the 2.6 dB figure is obtained independently of N as long as N is large. Any phase or frequency modulation can be applied simultaneously to all N sinusoids without altering this result.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interleukin-25 primed mesenchymal stem cells achieve better therapeutic effects on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis via inhibiting Th17 immune response and inducing T regulatory cell phenotype. (2017)

IL-25 primed MSCs exert improved therapeutic effects on the intestinal inflammation of IBD rats which may be related to the inhibition of Th17 immune response and induction of T Regulatory cell phenotype. Thus, IL-25 may be an attractive candidate for MSC-based therapy of IBD.
Multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis: a review (2008)

A multifaceted approach is needed to prevent a more widespread epidemic of MDR-TB and XDR-TB. Rapid diagnostic assays to detect highly drug-resistant TB are essential in preventing delays in treatment of MDR-TB and XDR-TB and curbing their spread. Development of new drugs to effectively treat all forms of TB in a shorter period of time is urgently needed.
Quantum Fluctuations in Thin Superconducting Wires of Finite Length (2004)

In one-dimensional wires, fluctuations destroy superconducting long-range order and stiffness at finite temperatures; in an infinite wire, quasi-long-range order and stiffness survive at zero temperature if the wire's dimensionless admittance mu is large, mu>2. We analyze the disappearance of this superconductor-insulator quantum phase transition in a finite wire and its resurrection due to the wire's coupling to its environment characterized through the dimensionless conductance K.
Studies on keratinophilic fungi. X. <i>Arthrographis alba</i> sp.nov. (1996)

In our studies on keratinophilic fungi in Spain, an arthroconidial anamorphic species has been recovered and is herein described as new. Arthrographis alba sp.nov. is characterized by having arthroconidia borne from laterally or pseudodichotomously branched conidiophores, white colonies, and nil or restricted growth at 37 °C. Analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms of ribosomal DNA reveals differences with Arthrographis kalrae, a morphologically similar species.Key words: Arthrographis alba, Hyphomycetes, rDNA.
Piperidine Derivatives. XIII. Phenyl and Phenylalkyl Substituted Piperidinopropyl Benzoates (1933)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPiperidine Derivatives. XIII. Phenyl and Phenylalkyl Substituted Piperidinopropyl BenzoatesL. A. Walters and S. M. McElvainCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1933, 55, 11, 4625–4629Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1933Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1933https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01338a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01338a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views114Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
IMAGE COMPRESSION METHOD BASED ON ROUGH SET CLASSIFICATION (2002)

In this paper we show an intelligent method based on rough sets classification for image compression. Rough sets classification is used to select features from image blocks in DCT domain and classifies the blocks into two classes, plain and edge blocks. Two different SOFM networks are used to quantify them respectively. The results of test with this method show high compression ratio, high signal to noise ratio, low errors of coding, high decoding speed and fine resuming effect on subject.
Akt Suppresses Retrograde Degeneration of Dopaminergic Axons by Inhibition of Macroautophagy (2011)

Axon degeneration is a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Such degeneration is not a passive event but rather an active process mediated by mechanisms that are distinct from the canonical pathways of programmed cell death that mediate destruction of the cell soma. Little is known of the diverse mechanisms involved, particularly those of retrograde axon degeneration. We have previously observed in living animal models of degeneration in the nigrostriatal projection that a constitutively active form of the kinase, myristoylated Akt (Myr-Akt), demonstrates an ability to suppress programmed cell death and preserve the soma of dopamine neurons. Here, we show in both neurotoxin and physical injury (axotomy) models that Myr-Akt is also able to preserve dopaminergic axons due to suppression of acute retrograde axon degeneration. This cellular phenotype is associated with increased mammalian target of rapamycin (mTor) activity and can be recapitulated by a constitutively active form of the small GTPase Rheb, an upstream activator of mTor. Axon degeneration in these models is accompanied by the occurrence of macroautophagy, which is suppressed by Myr-Akt. Conditional deletion of the essential autophagy mediator Atg7 in adult mice also achieves striking axon protection in these acute models of retrograde degeneration. The protection afforded by both Myr-Akt and Atg7 deletion is robust and lasting, because it is still observed as protection of both axons and dopaminergic striatal innervation weeks after injury. We conclude that acute retrograde axon degeneration is regulated by Akt/Rheb/mTor signaling pathways.
A Practical Synthesis of D-Glucuronic Acid through the Catalytic Oxidation of 1,2-Isopropylidene-D-glucose<sup>2</sup> (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Practical Synthesis of D-Glucuronic Acid through the Catalytic Oxidation of 1,2-Isopropylidene-D-glucose2C. L. Mehltretter, B. H. Alexander, R. L. Mellies, and C. E. RistCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 6, 2424–2427Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01150a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01150a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views511Altmetric-Citations85LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Process mining : extending the alpha-algorithm to mine short loops (2004)

The deployment of Workflow Management systems is a timeconsuming and error-prone task. A possible solution is process mining, which automatically extracts workflow models from event-data logs. However, the current research in process mining still has problems in mining some common constructs in workflow models. Among these constructs are short loops, which are loops of length one and two. For instance, the α-algorithm was proven to mine sound Structured Workflow nets without short loops. In this paper, we present a new algorithm (the α-algorithm) that can handle short loops, and we prove that it correctly mines all sound Structured Workflow nets. The α-algorithm is based on the α-algorithm and is implemented in the EMiT tool.