gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mapping enteroendocrine cell populations in transgenic mice reveals an unexpected degree of complexity in cellular differentiation within the gastrointestinal tract. (1990)

The gastrointestinal tract is lined with a monolayer of cells that undergo perpetual and rapid renewal. Four principal, terminally differentiated cell types populate the monolayer, enterocytes, goblet cells, Paneth cells, and enteroendocrine cells. This epithelium exhibits complex patterns of regional differentiation, both from crypt-to-villus and from duodenum-to-colon. The "liver" fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) gene represents a useful model for analyzing the molecular basis for intestinal epithelial differentiation since it exhibits cell-specific, region-specific, as well as developmental stage specific expression. We have previously linked portions of the 5' nontranscribed domain of the rat L-FABP gene to the human growth hormone (hGH) gene and analyzed expression of the fusion gene in adult transgenic mice. High levels of hGH expression were noted in enterocytes as well as cells that histologically resembled enteroendocrine cells. In the present study, we have used immunocytochemical techniques to map the distribution of enteroendocrine cells in the normal adult mouse gut and to characterize those that synthesize L-FABP. In addition, L-FABP/hGH fusion genes were used to identify subsets of enteroendocrine cells based on their ability to support hGH synthesis in several different pedigrees of transgenic mice. The results reveal remarkable differences in transgene expression between, and within, enteroendocrine cell populations previously classified only on the basis of their neuroendocrine products. In some cases, these differences are related to the position occupied by cells along the duodenal-to-colonic and crypt-to-villus axes of the gut. Thus, transgenes appear to be sensitive tools for examining the cellular and regional differentiation of this class of intestinal epithelial cells.
Motor cortical control of movement speed with implications for brain-machine interface control (2014)

Motor cortex plays a substantial role in driving movement, yet the details underlying this control remain unresolved. We analyzed the extent to which movement-related information could be extracted from single-trial motor cortical activity recorded while monkeys performed center-out reaching. Using information theoretic techniques, we found that single units carry relatively little speed-related information compared with direction-related information. This result is not mitigated at the population level: simultaneously recorded population activity predicted speed with significantly lower accuracy relative to direction predictions. Furthermore, a unit-dropping analysis revealed that speed accuracy would likely remain lower than direction accuracy, even given larger populations. These results suggest that the instantaneous details of single-trial movement speed are difficult to extract using commonly assumed coding schemes. This apparent paucity of speed information takes particular importance in the context of brain-machine interfaces (BMIs), which rely on extracting kinematic information from motor cortex. Previous studies have highlighted subjects' difficulties in holding a BMI cursor stable at targets. These studies, along with our finding of relatively little speed information in motor cortex, inspired a speed-dampening Kalman filter (SDKF) that automatically slows the cursor upon detecting changes in decoded movement direction. Effectively, SDKF enhances speed control by using prevalent directional signals, rather than requiring speed to be directly decoded from neural activity. SDKF improved success rates by a factor of 1.7 relative to a standard Kalman filter in a closed-loop BMI task requiring stable stops at targets. BMI systems enabling stable stops will be more effective and user-friendly when translated into clinical applications.
3D Model Retrieval with Point-Sampled Representation Using Functional and Geometrical Aspects (2005)

We describe a novel system that achieves intuitive retrieval of 3D meshes from a database of 3D models based on the shape geometry and its functionality. By using a point-sampled representation of a 3D shape both for a query and models, our system allows user to physically and interactively express a geometrical and content-based query by simply assembling a set of ActiveCubes. The user can retrieve 3D models from the database based on their shape and can physically integrate functional annotated blocks in the query. The user intuitively defines an interactive spatial query that has geometrical and functional aspects.
<title>Control of charge trapping in a novel photorefractive composite consisting of a bifunctional molecule based on TPD</title> (1996)

A novel photorefractive polymer is presented, based on a bifunctional molecule which is a derivative of the well known charge transport molecule N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(3- methylphenyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (TPD). In this material the low intrinsic tap density causes the rather low value for the gain coefficient as well as the 90 degree phase shift between the refractive index grating and the illumination pattern. The trap density can effectively be modified by adding small amounts of 1,4-bis-(N,N- dimethylamino)benzene, resulting in a large increase in gain coefficient and a lower phase shift.
28 GHz Antenna-Array-Integrated Module with Built-In Filters in LTCC Substrate (2019)

This paper presents an Antenna-Array-Integrated Module (AiM) with a low pass filter (LPF) in LTCC multilayered substrate with low loss, high attenuation and small size in 28 GHz band. A differential feeding method for each patch antenna is employed to improve symmetricity of directivity for beam forming. The insertion loss of the LPF is less than 0.5 dB and the spurious emission in 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> harmonic band of Band-n257 was suppressed by over 20 dB thanks to putting the LPF in front of the antenna. The symmetricity of the directivity for beam forming was improved owing to the differential feeding.
Analysis of the Sintering Pressure (1987)

When the sintering of a polycrystalline body is analyzed by coupling the change in interface energies and the change in total volume of the polycrystal, it is discovered that the sintering pressure is a sum of two terms, one deriving from the surface curvature of the pores and the other depending on the size of the grains. When pores are present at two‐grain, three‐grain, or four‐grain junctions, and when the number of pores of each type per particle remains constant, the sintering pressure is expressed by a simple equation. This result may suggest new approaches to the problem of grain growth during the sintering process. The result also highlights a fundamental difference between the sintering of ceramics and the sintering of glasses.
Current perspectives on treatment of hypertensive patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2013)

Systemic hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) frequently coexist in the same patient, especially in the elderly. Today, a wide variety of antihypertensive drugs with different mechanisms of action are available to the prescribing physician. In addition, combination drugs for hypertension are becoming increasingly popular. Certain antihypertensive drugs can affect pulmonary function. Therefore the management of such patients can present therapeutic challenges. We have examined the literature pertaining to the use of antihypertensive drugs in patients with systemic hypertension and coexisting COPD. Although data are often limited or of poor quality, we have attempted to review and then provide recommendations regarding the use of all the specific classes of antihypertensive drug therapies including combination drugs in patients with COPD. The antihypertensive agents reviewed include diuretics, aldosterone receptor blockers, beta blockers, combined alpha and beta blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II antagonists, calcium channel blockers, alpha-1 blockers, centrally acting drugs, direct vasodilators, and combinations of these drugs. Of these classes, calcium channel blockers and angiotensin II antagonists appear to be the best initial choices if hypertension is the only indication for treatment. However, the limited data available on many of these drugs suggest that additional studies are needed to more precisely determine the best treatment choices in this widely prevalent patient group.
Growth hormone secretagogues: characterization, efficacy, and minimal bioactive conformation. (1995)

Another class of growth hormone (GH) secretagogues has been discovered by altering the backbone structure of a flexible linear GH-releasing peptide (GHRP). In vitro and in vivo characterization confirms these GH secretagogues as the most potent and smallest (M(r) < 500) reported. Anabolic efficacy is demonstrated in rodents with intermittent delivery. A convergent model of the bioactive conformation of GHRPs is developed and is supported by the NMR structure of a highly potent cyclic analog of GHRP-2. The model and functional data provide a logical framework for the further design of low-molecular weight secretagogues and illustrate the utility of an interdisciplinary approach to elucidating potential bound-state conformations of flexible peptide ligands.
An automatic physical designer for network model databases (1988)

Systems EROS is a physical design tool for CODASYL database systems which covers a large spectrum of decision variables, notably location mode, set implementation, set order, and search keys. System EROS is based on a model where the CODASYL physical database design problem is formulated as an extension of the index selection problem in the relational database environment. Optimization algorithms for index selection are extended to solve the more complex problem of selecting a good physical access path configuration for CODASYL databases. The proposed approach represents a unified solution to the physical database design problem for both CODASYL and relational systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Population ageing and labour supply prospects in China from 2005 to 2050 (2007)

Increased life expectancy and rapid fertility decline since the 1970s have combined to create a very rapid rate of population ageing in China. These demographic developments are expected to result in an ageing workforce and a significant slow-down in the growth of the working-age population. According to the United Nations medium variant population projection, the size of the working age population will increase only slightly over the next 10 years before beginning to shrink soon after 2020. Furthermore, since the participation rate of the elderly population is much lower than that of the prime-age labour force, ageing of the workforce will reduce the aggregate labour force participation rate (ALFPR).
MRI Visible Drug Eluting Magnetic Microspheres for Transcatheter Intra-Arterial Delivery to Liver Tumors (2015)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-visible amonafide-eluting alginate microspheres were developed for targeted arterial-infusion chemotherapy. These alginate microspheres were synthesized using a highly efficient microfluidic gelation process. The microspheres included magnetic clusters formed by USPIO nanoparticles to permit MRI and a sustained drug-release profile. The biocompatibility, MR imaging properties and amonafide release kinetics of these microspheres were investigated during in vitro studies. A xenograft rodent model was used to demonstrate the feasibility to deliver these microspheres to liver tumors using hepatic transcatheter intra-arterial infusions and potential to visualize the intra-hepatic delivery of these microspheres to both liver tumor and normal tissues with MRI immediately after infusion. This approach offer the potential for catheter-directed drug delivery to liver tumors for reduced systemic toxicity and superior therapeutic outcomes.
Electrochromic Switching of the Optical Properties of Polyisothianaphthene (1987)

We present a detailed study of the electrochromic switching phenomena in the novel conducting polymer, polyisothianaphthene. We find reversible electrochromic switching with a characteristic switching time of a few hundred milliseconds. Since the results indicate that the rate limiting step in the electrochromic switching involves diffusion of the dopant species into the bulk of the polymer, we present a series of electron micrographs which provide an initial characterization of the morphology of PITN. The observation of a very open honeycomb‐like structure with morphological subunits on the 20Å scale is consistent with the relatively rapid doping kinetics and the associated electrochromism of PITN. Our conclusion is that the detailed morphology plays a critical role in determining the electrochromic switching; by controlling the morphology so as to minimize dopant diffusion distance in conductive polymers, it should be possible to achieve sufficient speed to be of interest for a variety of technological applications.
Two Methods of Ambiguity Resolution in Pulse Doppler Weather Radars (1985)

A comparison is made of the performance of a weather Doppler radar with a staggered pulse repetition time and a radar with a random (but known) phase. As a standard for this comparison, the specifications of the forthcoming next generation weather radar (NEXRAD) are used. A statistical analysis of the spectral moment estimates for the staggered scheme is developed, and a theoretical expression for the signal-to-noise ratio due to recohering-filtering-recohering for the random phase radar is obtained. Algorithms for assignment of correct ranges to pertinent spectral moments for both techniques are presented.
Manual of water fluoridation practice. (1963)

This volume presents a large amount of practical information on fluoridation. It is useful for community officials, engineers, water works superintendents, and others who may be concerned with the practical problems involved in adopting fluoridation.
Proteolysis of platelet glycoprotein Ib by plasmin is facilitated by plasmin lysine-binding regions (1986)

We have characterized the effects of plasmin on glycoprotein Ib (GpIb), a platelet membrane receptor for von Willebrand factor (vWF), and on glycocalicin, a fragment of the alpha chain of GpIb that contains the vWF-binding region. The addition of 4.5 X 10(-7) mol/L plasmin to washed platelets caused a time-dependent decrease in ristocetin-induced, vWF-dependent platelet agglutination. epsilon-Aminocaproic acid (EACA) inhibited plasmin release of glycocalicin-related antigen from washed platelets and preserved vWF-dependent platelet agglutination, thus indicating that the lysine-binding sites on plasmin facilitated its degradation of GpIb. To demonstrate a direct interaction between plasmin and the vWF-binding region of GpIb we incubated purified glycocalicin with plasmin. Plasmin degraded the glycocalicin into two small carbohydrate-poor peptides and into a larger carbohydrate-rich fragment. EACA was able to inhibit plasmin-mediated degradation of glycocalicin in a concentration-dependent fashion. These studies indicated that plasmin degradation of GpIb was due to a direct interaction between plasmin and GpIb and that this effect was mediated by the lysine-binding region of the plasmin molecule.
Activation of NF-κB by nontypeable <i>Hemophilus influenzae</i> is mediated by toll-like receptor 2-TAK1-dependent NIK–IKKα/β–IκBα and MKK3/6–p38 MAP kinase signaling pathways in epithelial cells (2001)

Nontypeable Hemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is an important human pathogen in both children and adults. In children, it causes otitis media, the most common childhood infection and the leading cause of conductive hearing loss in the United States. In adults, it causes lower respiratory tract infections in the setting of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the fourth leading cause of death in the United States. The molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of NTHi-induced infections remain undefined, but they may involve activation of NF-kappa B, a transcriptional activator of multiple host defense genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses. Here, we show that NTHi strongly activates NF-kappa B in human epithelial cells via two distinct signaling pathways, NF-kappa B translocation-dependent and -independent pathways. The NF-kappa B translocation-dependent pathway involves activation of NF-kappa B inducing kinase (NIK)--IKK alpha/beta complex leading to I kappa B alpha phosphorylation and degradation, whereas the NF-kappa B translocation-independent pathway involves activation of MKK3/6--p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway. Bifurcation of NTHi-induced NIK-IKK alpha/beta-I kappa B alpha and MKK3/6--p38 MAP kinase pathways may occur at transforming growth factor-beta activated kinase 1 (TAK1). Furthermore, we show that toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is required for NTHi-induced NF-kappa B activation. In addition, several key inflammatory mediators including IL-1 beta, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha are up-regulated by NTHi. Finally, P6, a 16-kDa lipoprotein highly conserved in the outer membrane of all NTHi and H. influenzae type b strains, appears to also activate NF-kappa B via similar signaling pathways. Taken together, our results demonstrate that NTHi activates NF-kappa B via TLR2-TAK1-dependent NIK--IKK alpha/beta-I kappa B alpha and MKK3/6--p38 MAP kinase signaling pathways. These studies may bring new insights into molecular pathogenesis of NTHi-induced infections and open up new therapeutic targets for these diseases.
Geolocalization of proxied services and its application to fast-flux hidden servers (2009)

Fast-flux is a redirection technique used by cyber-criminals to hide the actual location of malicious servers. Its purpose is to evade identification and prevent or, at least delay, the shutdown of these illegal servers by law enforcement.
Exploring Health-Enabled Mission Concepts in the Vehicle Swarm Technology Lab (2009)

The use of health based information in mission plan ning offers the opportunity to significantly enhance overall mission assurance. D eveloping mission concepts, even at a simple level, requires coordination of multiple ass ets and determination of common interfaces suitable for heterogeneous fleets. For systems that are subject to real failures, simulation offers the challenges of developing real istic scenarios and realistic health emulation. An alternative explored here is the use of indoor, rapid prototyping labs for exploring larger scale, heterogeneous mission conce pts. Of particular interest are persistent missions were faults are a key driver in the aggreg ate mission performance. Results of flight tests with several different sample missions will b e presented. These missions range from non-cooperative to cooperative and include a range of tasks.
A Population of Small CXCR4+ SSEA-1+ Oct-4+ Embryonic-Like Stem Cells Identified in Adult Bone Marrow. (2005)

Abstract We demonstrated that bone marrow (BM) stem cells are heterogenous and in addition to hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) BM also contains non-hematopoietic tissue committed stem cells (TCSC) for skeletal muscle, heart, neural tissue, epidermis and liver (Leukemia2004:18;29–40). In our follow up studies by employing multiparameter sorting we identified in murine BM a homogenous population of rare (~0.02% of BMMNC) Sca-1+ lin− CD45− cells that express by RQ-PCR and immunhistochemistry markers of pluripotent stem cells (PSC) such as SSEA-1, Oct-4, Nanog and Rex-1 and highly express Rif-1 telomerase protein. More important the direct electronmicroscopical analysis revealed that these cells display several features typical for primary embryonic stem cells such as i) small size (~3 μm in diameter), ii) poses large nuclei surrounded by a narrow rim of cytoplasm, and iii) contain open-type chromatin (euchromatin) that is typical for embryonic stem cells. Their number is highest in BM from young (1–2 month-old) mice and decreases with age. It is also significantly diminished in short living DBA/2J mice as compared to long living B6 mice. These cells in vitro respond strongly to several motomorphogens such as SDF-1, HGF and LIF and co-express the corresponding receptors such as CXCR4, c-met and LIF-R respectively on their surface. Interestingly, they adhere to fibronectin, and undergo emperipolesis in fibroblasts, thus they may be co-isolated with BM adherent cells. Furthermore, they are mobilized into peripheral blood during tissue/organ injuries (e.g., heart infarct, stroke). In in vitro cultures they differentiate into cells from different germ-layers (e.g., form neurospheres, grow cardiomyocytes). Thus, these findings support the theory of BM containing a reserve population of embryonic-like/pluripotent stem cells and it is also possible that several of the recently described BM-derived CD45− stem cell populations (e.g., MAPC, USSC or MIAMI cells) could in fact overlap with these rare non-hematopoietic CD45− stem cells identified by us, but due to the differences in the experimental approaches employed for their isolation and identification, were assigned different names. We postulate that this population of CD45− embryonic-like cells expressing pluripotent and tissue committed markers identified by us is an ideal source of cells for regeneration.
Antibiotika aus Gleitenden Bakterien, XXIII. Stigmatellin A und B — zwei neue Antibiotika aus <i>Stigmatella aurantiaca</i> (Myxobacterales) (1984)

Abstract Aus den Zellen des Gleitenden Bakteriums Stigmatella aurantiaca Stamm Sg a15 (Myxobacterales) wurden neben den bekannten Myxalamiden zwei neue, Stigmatellin A und B ( 7a, b ) genannte Antibiotika als Gemisch isoliert. Die Strukturaufklärung der kristallinen Hauptkomponente A ( 7a ) mit Hilfe spektroskopischer Methoden, Abbau und Derivatisierung ergab ein 8‐Hydroxy‐5,7‐dimethoxychromon‐System mit einem langkettigen modifizierten Alkylrest in 2‐Stellung. Eine einfache Synthese für Chromone mit diesem auch in der Natur bisher nicht bekannten Substitutionsmuster wurde ausgearbeitet.
NMR Structure of an Antisense DNA·RNA Hybrid Duplex Containing a 3‘-CH<sub>2</sub>N(CH<sub>3</sub>)-O-5‘ or an MMI Backbone Linker (1999)

The solution structure of an antisense DNA.RNA hybrid duplex, d(CGCGTT-MMI-TTGCGC).r(GCGCAAAACGCG) (designated R4), containing an MMI backbone linker [3'-CH(2)N(CH(3))-O5'], is elucidated. The structural details of the MMI linker, its structural effects on the neighboring residues, and the molecular basis of the MMI effects are examined. The lipophilic N-methyl group of MMI is peripheral to the helix, assuming a conformation that is most stable with regard to the N-O torsion angle. The MMI linker promotes a 3'-endo conformation for the sugar moieties at both 3'- and 5'-adjacent positions and a backbone kink involving distant residues along the 3'-direction. Comparison of R4 with other analogous hybrid duplexes previously studied in this laboratory reveals a new family of low-energy helical conformations that can be accommodated in stable duplexes and a common feature of C3'-modified sugars for adopting a C3'-endo pucker. The results of these studies emphasize the interplay of several factors that govern the formation of stable hybrid duplexes and provide a basis for the understanding of the biological role of the MMI modifications, which are important building blocks for a family of promising chimeric antisense oligonucleotides.