gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Terahertz Reflectarrays and Nonuniform Metasurfaces (2016)

This paper covers our recent work on terahertz reflectarray antennas, providing a broad, critical perspective, and contrasting different approaches. The reflectarray antenna is a well-established device that offers significant control and freedom over the directionality and characteristics of its radiation pattern. Such a capability is critical to the successful development of commercially viable terahertz technologies. In this paper, the design, fabrication, and experimental characterization of four terahertz reflectarray devices is presented, based on two different classes of terahertz resonator. The first class is the metallic resonator, and three such reflectarray devices are presented, with each offering its own particular birefringent behavior. The second class is the dielectric resonator, which promises higher efficiency than the metallic resonator, and one such reflectarray device is presented. Devices such as these provide significant design freedom for defining particular beam-shaping operations for diverse application requirements. It is hoped that, with future advances in terahertz resonator technology, reflectarray antennas will prove instrumental in facilitating numerous promising applications of the terahertz range, including high-volume communications, noninvasive medical imaging, and security screening.
A fault-tolerant implementation of the CTRON basic operating system (2002)

Tandem Computers has developed an operating system based on the CTRON specifications and implemented it on our fault-tolerant Integrity C series hardware platform (C/S2). This work has been done in conjunction with the Network Information Systems Laboratory of Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT). The current version of this operating system is presently being used in a production system within NTT. We are now working on enhancements to the system to adapt it to the latest hardware models in the Integrity Series. In this paper, we make a brief overview of our project and describe how we have integrated Tandem's fault-tolerant architecture for the Integrity Series with CTRON and its definitions for a common set of operating system interfaces. In implementing CTRON on our hardware fault-tolerant platform, one of our primary goals was to ensure that application programs did not have to be modified to accrue the advantages of fault-tolerant operation. CTRON interfaces are supported unchanged. Thus, application programs which adhere to specified CTRON interfaces will run unmodified in a fault-tolerant environment. No additional modifications to checkpoint state or effect process recovery are necessary at the application programming level to take full advantage of the fault-tolerant features of the system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A hierarchically porous anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> coated-WO<sub>3</sub> 2D IO bilayer film and its photochromic properties (2015)

A hierarchically porous anatase TiO2 coated-WO3 2D inverse opal (IO) bilayer film was fabricated on ITO glass using a layer by layer route with a hierarchically porous TiO2 top layer and an ordered super-macroporous WO3 2D IO bottom layer. This novel TiO2 coated-WO3 2D IO bilayer film was evaluated for photochromic applications.
Progress in the ACTS Programme towards pan-European photonic networks (1996)

The work of Projects on Optical Networks in the Photonic Technologies Area of the European Commission ACTS Programme is described. The projects play a leading role in defining the concepts and developing the technology that will be required for the realisation of pan-European photonic networks. These networks will provide end-to-end optical connectivity, by exploiting the wavelength dimension and using optical-cross-connect nodes, and removing bandwidth limitations in core/transport networks. The progress of the work is demonstrated in field trials which the projects will implement at several locations throughout Europe.
IMPACT OF LATE SEASON APHID CONTROL ON PECAN TREE VIGOR PARAMETERS (1985)

Late season insecticide-based control strategies against the foliar pecan aphid complex which controlled populations of the 3 aphid species, prevented early defoliation of the tree and did not reduce pistillate flower production the following Spring. Pecan trees treated with insecticides which were less efficacious against the pecan aphid complex, defoliated early and had reduced pistillate flower production.
Cyber‐physical attacks and defences in the smart grid: a survey (2016)

The smart grid is arguably one of the most complex cyber‐physical systems (CPS). Complex security challenges have been revealed in both the physical and the cyber parts of the smart grid, and an integrative analysis on the cyber‐physical (CP) security is emerging. This paper provides a comprehensive and systematic review of the critical attack threats and defence strategies in the smart grid. We start this survey with an overview of the smart grid security from the CP perspective, and then focuses on prominent CP attack schemes with significant impact on the smart grid operation and corresponding defense solutions. With an in‐depth review of the attacks and defences, we then discuss the opportunities and challenges along the smart grid CP security. We hope this paper raises awareness of the CP attack threats and defence strategies in complex CPS‐based infrastructures such as the smart grid and inspires research effort toward the development of secure and resilient CP infrastructures.
Protecting cookies from Cross Site Script attacks using Dynamic Cookies Rewriting technique (2011)

Web applications often use cookies for maintaining an authentication state between users and web applications, these cookies are typically sent to the users by the web applications after the users have been successfully authenticated. Every subsequent request that contains the valid cookies will be automatically allowed by the web applications without any further authentication. The cookies are used to both identify and authenticate the users; therefore they are an interesting target for potential attackers. Cross Site Scripting attack (XSS for short) is one of popular attacks which is often used to steal the cookies from a browser's database. In this paper, we introduce a new technique called “Dynamic Cookies Rewriting”, this technique aims to render the cookies useless for XSS attacks. Our technique is implemented in a web proxy where it will automatically rewrite the cookies that are sent back and forth between the users and the web applications. With our technique in place, the cookies at the browser's database now are not valid for the web applications; therefore the XSS attack will not be able to impersonate the users using stolen cookies.
Biochemical Mechanisms of Acid Secretion by Gastric Parietal Cells (1983)

Knowledge of the biochemical basis of gastric acid secretion has progressed dramatically in the last 25-30 years. Today, only the overall physiological consequences can be described by the carbonic anhydrase reaction; the biochemical details are much more complicated and remain incompletely resolved. The controversy between a redox, directly substrate linked, mechanism and an ATPase mechanism seems largely resolved. The marked redox changes in gastric mitochondria have been ascribed to anoxia of in vitro mucosae since isolated cells and gastric glands do not demonstrate these transitions. These findings are also in accord with stable content of NAD/NADH and NADP/NADPH in resting and secreting in vivo canine gastric mucosa. The subsequent finding that acid secretion by permeabilized gastric glands is ATP dependent even when substrate and mitochondrial metabolism is blocked by cyanide is convincing support for a proton-ATPase mechanism. Techniques for isolation and purification of mucosal membranes have yielded considerable progress in defining the enzymatic mechanism of acid secretion. Electron microscopy has demonstrated the unique system of intra-cellular membranes of the parietal cell. Several investigators have isolated these membranes by centrifugation and free-flow electrophoresis of mucosal cell membranes. In the purest preparations the membranes appear to contain only a few peptides, most of which seem to be components of the gastric ATPase. SDS polyacrylamide electrophoresis of these purified membranes has demonstrated a 100K dalton peptide that is phosphorylated in the presence of ATP. Radiation target analysis suggests that the native ATPase exists as a trimer of the 100¿K dalton peptide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Preparation of Organic Microcrystals Using Supercritical Fluid Crystallization Method (1999)

We propose that the supercritical fluid crystallization (SCFC) method is one of the most promising techniques for preparing organic microcrystals. In the case of titanylphthalocyanine (TiOPc) and diacetylenes, the size and forms of the resulting microcrystals could be controlled by changing SCFC conditions. In particular, the SCFC method for the microcrystallizaton of phthalocyanines is expected to be useful, replacing the previous acid-pasting method.
Should I call now? understanding what context is considered when deciding whether to initiate remote communication via mobile devices (2007)

Requests for communication via mobile devices can be disruptive to the current task or social situation. To reduce the frequency of disruptive requests, one promising approach is to provide callers with cues of a receiver's context through an awareness display, allowing informed decisions of when to call. Existing displays typically provide cues based on what can be readily sensed, which may not match what is needed during the call decision process. In this paper, we report results of a four week diary study of mobile phone usage, where users recorded what context information they considered when making a call, and what information they wished others had considered when receiving a call. Our results were distilled into lessons that can be used to improve the design of awareness displays for mobile devices, e.g., show frequency of a receiver's recent communication and distance from a receiver to her phone. We discuss technologies that can enable cues indicated in these lessons to be realized within awareness displays, as well as discuss limitations of such displays and issues of privacy.
Ultrasound study of the cranial venous system in the human new‐born infant and the adult (1983)

A pulsed doppler ultrasound technique has been used to measure changes in blood velocities in the superior sagittal sinus, the jugular veins and intracranial and extracranial arteries in 13 neonates, and in the jugular veins and an extracranial artery in 13 adults, during unilateral and bilateral jugular venous compressions. The results have enabled us to determine how the subject under examination functionally uses his cranial venous drainage system in the resting state, and whether or not he can shunt obstructed venous flow through other cranial venous channels. We have found great variability between the subjects. In the resting situation the range of possibilities from total dependence on one jugular vein alone to usage of both jugular veins and the vertebral veins exists. Shunting of blood on jugular compression from either or both jugular veins to the vertebral veins may occur, and contralateral shunting between the jugular veins may be possible in both directions, in one direction or not at all.
In search of the chemical basis for MHC odourtypes (2010)

Mice can discriminate between chemosignals of individuals based solely on genetic differences confined to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Two different sets of compounds have been suggested: volatile compounds and non-volatile peptides. Here, we focus on volatiles and review a number of publications that have identified MHC-regulated compounds in inbred laboratory mice. Surprisingly, there is little agreement among different studies as to the identity of these compounds. One recent approach to specifying MHC-regulated compounds is to study volatile urinary profiles in mouse strains with varying MHC types, genetic backgrounds and different diets. An unexpected finding from these studies is that the concentrations of numerous compounds are influenced by interactions among these variables. As a result, only a few compounds can be identified that are consistently regulated by MHC variation alone. Nevertheless, since trained animals are readily able to discriminate the MHC differences, it is apparent that chemical studies are somehow missing important information underlying mouse recognition of MHC odourtypes. To make progress in this area, we propose a focus on the search for behaviourally relevant odourants rather than a random search for volatiles that are regulated by MHC variation. Furthermore, there is a need to consider a 'combinatorial odour recognition' code whereby patterns of volatile metabolites (the basis for odours) specify MHC odourtypes.
Effect of sodium bicarbonate and beta-alanine supplementation on maximal sprint swimming (2013)

Supplementing with SB prior to performing maximal sprint swimming with repetitions under 60 s improves performance. However, co-supplementation with SB and BA did not confer any added benefit on maximal swim performance.
EDGE transmitter with commercial GSM power amplifier using polar modulation with memory predistortion (2005)

Polar transmitters amplify non-constant envelope signals with high power efficiency. Thus they are especially advantageous for battery-powered wireless equipment. In this paper a polar GSM/EDGE transmitter is introduced, which uses an off-the-shelf GMSK PA as a non-linear high-efficient amplifier, thereby only minor modifications of the analog RF circuit compared to a 2G GSM mobile are necessary. An adaptation of frequency dependent group delay in the phase path minimizes amplitude modulation bandwidth requirements. Employing a memory predistorter, -61 dBc ACPR (adjacent channel power ratio) was achieved.
Central bank independence : a critical view (1994)

While expansive literature on central bank independence contains some criticisms to the independent central bank quasi-paradigm, few critical analyses have been undertaken in the years between Friedman (1962) and Posen (1994). The author extends Posen's analysis to developing countries, discussing more broadly and systematically the reasons why merely instituting an independent central bank may not bring about its professed benefits, especially in developing countries. The author argues that widely reported empirical tests that are purported to support the central bank independence proposition are plagued by potential problems of simultaneity, reverse causality, missing variables, and measurement errors. Yet one can not make positive recommendations about institutional arrangements for central banks if causality relations are not well established. Institutions are shaped by a country's record of and preferences for inflation and may have little influence on them. The author also argues that the purported benefits of an independent central bank may be eroded by conflicts between fiscal and monetary policy and by inherent problems of central bank institutional design (especially mechanisms for board appointments, public accountability, and budgetary control). If these institutional problems are not solved, problems of dynamic inconsistency traditionally associated with monetary policy are not eliminated, but merely transformed. The author suggests that the benefits of central bank independence are less likely obtained in less developed countries with shallow financial markets. Accordingly, central bank independence should be granted at a later stage in a country's financial sector development. If a less developed country seeks to establish a low-inflation path, it should concentrate on instituting financial policy reforms (such as liberalization and privatization) that bolster opposition to inflation rather than easily reversible and practically meaningless changes in legal and institutional structures. This will better ensure the sustainability -- and hence the credibility -- of the government's anti-inflation stance. Fiscal policy is often at the root of macroeconomic disturbances in developing countries. Fiscal policy is more deserving of special protection from politics because of fiscal dominance over monetary policy and its greater vulnerability to private interests. The author suggests that the solution might be to make fiscal policy less susceptible to political pressures by creating an independent fiscal board. Tying the fiscal hands of government may seem a far-fetched idea. But would it not make more sense to force discipline on fiscal policy directly rather than indirectly through monetary policy?
William Henry Lang, 1874-1960 (1961)

Abstract The subject of this memoir did not leave any personal record with the Royal Society, but I have been fortunate in having the assistance of his niece, Mrs Margaret E. Franklin; Professor T. B. L. Webster, who was a close friend for the last 25 years of W. H. Lang’s life; the late Lord Stopford, who was also a close friend and was Vice-Chancellor of Manchester University during the last seven years of Lang’s tenure of the Chair of Cryptogamic Botany, and Professor Wardlaw, who succeeded to that Chair when Lang retired. To all these I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness for their unstinted help which was the more valuable since Lang was not one who talked about himself and, indeed, was rather uncommunicative about his private life. W. H. Lang’s father was Thomas Bisland Lang, the son of William and Joan Lang who were married in 1825 and lived at Bridge-of-Weir, Renfrewshire. This couple had a typically large nineteenth century family of eleven children of whom Thomas Bisland was the youngest but one. A brother and a sister died in infancy, as was so frequent at that epoch, but Thomas’s sister Margaret lived to the age of 89 whilst his sister Mary lived to be 80, which, despite the fact that all but one of William Henry’s brothers died before they were 30, indicated that the stock was not potentially deficient in physical stamina. Nevertheless Thomas himself died at the age of 34, only two years after the birth of William Henry. The Baptismal Register records that our subject was born on 12 May 1874 at Withyham, Groombridge, Sussex. It was to this place that William’s father had come as a doctor with his young wife to establish a medical practice. After the untimely death of his father, the young baby and his mother returned to live at Bridge-of-Weir. Thus William was brought up in what must then, nearly 90 years ago, have been quite rural conditions for, even to-day, Bridge-of-Weir has a population of only just over 3000 inhabitants. The nearest city to their home was Glasgow, 14 miles away, a long distance when the only alternative to walking was a horse-drawn conveyance, since bicycles were a rarity till the close of the century.
Active speaker detection with audio-visual co-training (2016)

In this work, we show how to co-train a classifier for active speaker detection using audio-visual data. First, audio Voice Activity Detection (VAD) is used to train a personalized video-based active speaker classifier in a weakly supervised fashion. The video classifier is in turn used to train a voice model for each person. The individual voice models are then used to detect active speakers. There is no manual supervision - audio weakly supervises video classification, and the co-training loop is completed by using the trained video classifier to supervise the training of a personalized audio voice classifier.
H/sub 2//H/sub ∞/ active control of sound in a headrest: design and implementation (1999)

This paper presents an H/sub 2//H/sub /spl infin// feedback controller design for active sound control in a headrest. The design method which employ an H/sub 2/ performance criterion, with H/sub 2/ and H/sub /spl infin// constraints, was formulated as a convex programming problem using FIR Q-parameterization and frequency discretization, and solved using sequential quadratic programming. The design method was found effective since various objectives and constraints which are useful for this active sound control application were readily included. A robust controller was then designed for an experimental headrest system, and the performance, robust stability, and the multiplicative plant uncertainty model used in the design are presented and analyzed. A reduced-order real-time controller was then implemented on a digital signal processing system, producing the performance predicted in the design.
Measurement of alveolar pressure in closed-chest dogs during flow interruption (1989)

We have developed a technique for installing alveolar capsules in dogs with intact chest wall, by exposing a region of parietal pleura between a pair of ribs and gluing the parietal and visceral pleura together around a small region of lung. This allows the direct measurement of alveolar pressure during spontaneous breathing. We measured alveolar pressure in normal dogs using this technique while suddenly interrupting flow at the trachea during passive expiration. Tracheal pressure exhibited a very rapid rise immediately on interruption that we showed to be composed of two distinct and roughly equal parts: one was the resistive pressure drop across the airways, and the other was a resistive pressure drop across tissues. By simultaneously measuring pleural pressure we showed that the tissues responsible were only in the chest wall and not in the lungs.
Catalytic Air Oxidation of Crotonaldehyde to Maleic Anhydride (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic Air Oxidation of Crotonaldehyde to Maleic AnhydrideJ. M. Church and Panayota BithaCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1963, 2, 1, 61–66Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360005a015https://doi.org/10.1021/i360005a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views119Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Improvement of Postnatal Neovascularization by Human Embryonic Stem Cell–Derived Endothelial-Like Cell Transplantation in a Mouse Model of Hindlimb Ischemia (2007)

This study demonstrates that hESC-EC transplantation improves blood perfusion and limb salvage by facilitating postnatal neovascularization in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia. Thus, hESC-ECs might be useful as an alternative cell source for angiogenic therapy.