gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phenytoin Protects Spinal Cord Axons and Preserves Axonal Conduction and Neurological Function in a Model of Neuroinflammation In Vivo (2003)

Axonal degeneration within the spinal cord contributes substantially to neurological disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). Thus neuroprotective therapies that preserve axons, so that they maintain their integrity and continue to function, might be expected to result in improved neurological outcome. Sodium channels are known to provide a route for sodium influx that can drive calcium influx, via reverse operation of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, after injury to axons within the CNS, and sodium channel blockers have been shown to protect CNS axons from degeneration after experimental anoxic, traumatic, and nitric oxide (NO)-induced injury. In this study, we asked whether phenytoin, which is known to block sodium channels, can protect spinal cord axons from degeneration in mice with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), which display substantial axonal degeneration and clinical paralysis. We demonstrate that the loss of dorsal corticospinal tract (63%) and dorsal column (cuneate fasciculus; 43%) axons in EAE is significantly ameliorated (corticospinal tract: 28%; cuneate fasciculus: 17%) by treatment with phenytoin. Spinal cord compound action potentials (CAP) were significantly attenuated in untreated EAE, whereas spinal cords from phenytoin-treated EAE had robust CAPs, similar to those from phenytoin-treated control mice. Clinical scores in phenytoin-treated EAE at 28 days were significantly improved (1.5, i.e., minor righting reflex abnormalities) compared with untreated EAE (3.8, i.e., near-complete hindlimb paralysis). Our results demonstrate that phenytoin has a protective effect in vivo on spinal cord axons, preventing their degeneration, maintaining their ability to conduct action potentials, and improving clinical status in a model of neuroinflammation.
Perturbation Approach to Spatial Brightness Interaction in Human Vision* (1968)

The tools of Fourier analysis can be used to explain visual phenomena of spatial brightness interaction, provided that attention is confined to small perturbations of spatially uniform fields. A perturbation approach is outlined here, and a transfer function is presented which is appropriate for small perturbations. The transfer function was obtained from human subjects with psychophysical methods, for the case of briefly flashed, achromatic fields at photopic levels of illumination. For the frequency range of 0.005 to 0.15 cycles per minute of arc, the transfer function is roughly proportional to spatial frequency, thus reflecting, in large part, nonoptical properties of the system. A simple mechanism of lateral inhibition could underlie this transfer function.
Simple and Generalized Synthesis of Oxide−Metal Heterostructured Nanoparticles and their Applications in Multimodal Biomedical Probes (2008)

Heterostructured nanoparticles composed of metals and Fe3O4 or MnO were synthesized by thermal decomposition of mixtures of metal-oleate complexes (for the oxide component) and metal-oleylamine complexes (for the metal component). The products included flowerlike-shaped nanoparticles of Pt-Fe3O4 and Ni-Fe3O4 and snowmanlike-shaped nanoparticles of Ag-MnO and Au-MnO. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns showed that these nanoparticles were composed of face-centered cubic (fcc)-structured Fe3O4 or MnO and fcc-structured metals. The relaxivity values of the Au-MnO and Au-Fe3O4 nanoparticles were similar to those of the MnO and Fe3O4 nanoparticles, respectively. Au-Fe3O4 heterostructured nanoparticles conjugated with two kinds of 12-base oligonucleotide sequences were able to sense a complementary 24-mer sequence, causing nanoparticle aggregation. This hybridization-mediated aggregation was detected by the overall size increase indicated by dynamic light scattering data, the red shift of the surface plasmon band of the Au component, and the enhancement of the signal intensity of the Fe3O4 component in T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.
Thermochromic VO<sub>2</sub> Films Deposited by RF Magnetron Sputtering Using V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> or V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> Targets (2000)

Thermochromic monoclinic-tetragonal VO 2 films were successfully deposited on glass substrates with high reproducibility by rf magnetron sputtering using V 2 O 3 or V 2 O 5 targets. In the case of reactive sputtering using a V-metal target, the VO 2 films could be obtained only under the very narrow deposition conditions of the “transition region” where the deposition rate decreases drastically with increasing oxygen gas flow rate. In the case of a V 2 O 3 target, polycrystalline VO 2 films with a thickness of 400 to 500 nm were obtained by the introduction of oxygen gas [O 2 /(Ar+O 2 )=1–1.5%], whereas hydrogen gas [H 2 /(Ar+H 2 )=2.5–10%] was introduced in the case of a V 2 O 5 target. Furthermore, the VO 2 films were successfully grown heteroepitaxially on a single-crystal sapphire [α-Al 2 O 3 (001)] substrate, where the epitaxial relationship was confirmed to be VO 2 (010)[100]∥Al 2 O 3 (001)[100], [010], [110] by an X-ray diffraction pole figure measurement. The resistivity ratio between semiconductor and metal phases for the heteroepitaxial VO 2 films was much larger than the ratio of the polycrystalline films on glass substrates under the same deposition conditions.
A Three-Phase Four-Wire Inverter Control Technique for a Single Distributed Generation Unit in Island Mode (2008)

A control technique is developed for a three-phase four-wire split DC bus inverter of a single distributed generation unit working in island mode. The control technique combines an inner discrete-time sliding mode controlled (DSMC) current loop and an outer robust servomechanism controlled voltage loop. The control algorithms are developed under stationary alphabeta0 (Clarke's) reference frame and a modified space vector pulsewidth modulation (MSVPWM) is proposed to implement the algorithm under Clarke's reference frame. The proposed technique achieves voltage regulation with low steady state error and low total harmonic distortion and fast transient response under various load disturbances. Meanwhile the usage of MSVPWM in a stationary alphabeta0 reference frame yields better transient performance under limited DC bus voltage compared to conventional uniformly sampled sine wave modulation in ABC reference frame. In this paper, besides the development and description of the algorithms, a series of discussions, analysis and studies are performed on the proposed control technique, including the L-C filter design issue, frequency domain closed-current-loop and closed-voltage-loop responses, and time domain simulations and experiments under various load conditions. All the analysis, simulations, and experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control solution.
Arabidopsis thaliana Embryo Sac Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Stain (2014)

The aim of this experiment is to study mitochondrial functional status in Arabidopsis embryo sacs using the membrane potential indicator JC-1. Changes in the membrane potential are presumed to be due to the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), allowing passage of ions and small molecules. The resulting equilibrium of ions leads in turn to the decoupling of the respiratory chain and the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol, a distinctive feature of the early stages of programmed cell death.JC-1 is a lipophilic dye that can selectively enter into mitochondria and reversibly change color from green to red as the membrane potential increases. In healthy cells with high mitochondrial potential, JC-1 spontaneously forms complexes with intense red fluorescence. On the other hand, in mitochondria with low mitochondrial potential, JC-1 remains in the monomeric form, which exhibits only green fluorescence (Martin et al., 2013; Hauser et al., 2006). This protocol could be used in isolated mitochondria, and in a variety of cell types and different tissues of plants and other organism.
<title>Coherent Optical Implementation Of Generalized Two-Dimensional Transforms</title> (1978)

A coherent optical method capable of performing arbitrary two-dimensional linear transformations has recently been studied, in which transform coefficients are given by two-dimensional inner products of the input image and a set of basis functions. Since the inner product of two functions is equal to the value of their correlation when there is zero shift between the functions, it is possible to use an optical correlator to solve for the coefficients of the transform. By using random phase masks in the input and the filter planes of the correlator, we have been able to pack many coefficients close together in the output plane, and thus take better advantage of the space-bandwidth product of the optical system. Both the input random phase mask and the spatial filter are computer-generated holographic elements, created by a computer-controlled laser beam scanner. The system can be "programmed" to perform arbitrary two-dimensional linear transformations. For demonstration, the set of two-dimensional Walsh functions was chosen as a transform basis. When the resolution of the Walsh functions was limited to 128 x 128, up to 256 transform coefficients were obtained in parallel. The signal-to-noise and accuracy of the transform coefficients were compared to the theory.
Initial evaluation of an active/passive structural neural system for health monitoring of composite materials (2006)

Structural health monitoring is an underlying technology that can help to ensure safe operation and provide cost effective maintenance of advanced composite structures. While several general methods of health monitoring have evolved in recent years, there is still the goal of reducing the overall cost of applying health monitoring to large structures. Data acquisition hardware typically consumes most of the investment in a structural monitoring system. On a conventional system based on acoustic emission monitoring, a separate high sampling rate data acquisition channel is needed for each sensor to convert analog signals to digital signals to locate damage. Other methods of damage detection are likewise complicated, and require many sensors and actuators, auxiliary signal processing, and data storage instrumentation. This paper proposes a structural neural system that uses firing of sensor neurons to reduce the number of data acquisition channels needed for damage detection. The neural system can perform passive acoustic emission sensing or active wave propagation monitoring. A prototype structural neural system with four sensor inputs was built and tested, and experimental results are presented in the paper. One signal output from the structural neural system is used to predict the location of damage. A second signal provides the time domain response of the sensors. Therefore, passive and active health monitoring can be performed using two channels of data acquisition. The structural neural system significantly reduces the data acquisition hardware required for health monitoring, and combines some of the advantages that exist individually for passive and active health monitoring.
A Multiagent Extension for Virtual Reality Based Intelligent Tutoring Systems (2007)

Applying virtual reality (VR) in combination with intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) is a promising approach to computer based learning and training. However, the classical structure of ITSs has not been conceived to deal with the new sources of information and interaction provided by VR environments. The resulting structures combining both technologies often renounce to the traditional modular separation of ITSs in pursuit of increasing efficiency, but making very difficult the reusing of their components. In this paper it is described the extension of the classical ITS structure proposed in the MAEVIF model to build reusable and adaptable VR based ITSs.
Contents, Vol. 19, 1951 (1951)

te rna tiona les du c oe u r et des vaisseaux / A rc h iv io Internazionale di C a rd io lo
THE CORTICOPONTINE PROJECTION IN THE RHESUS MONKEY ORIGIN AND PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIZATION (1978)

Journal Article THE CORTICOPONTINE PROJECTION IN THE RHESUS MONKEY ORIGIN AND PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIZATION Get access P. BRODAL P. BRODAL Department of Human AnatomySouth Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Brain, Volume 101, Issue 2, June 1978, Pages 251–283, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/101.2.251 Published: 01 June 1978 Article history Received: 01 November 1977 Published: 01 June 1978
Emission and absorption of radiation (1990)

(1990). Emission and absorption of radiation. Science & Global Security: Vol. 1, Detecting Nuclear Warheads, pp. 265-285.
Synchronization mechanisms for distributed event-driven computation (1992)

We analyze distributed event-driven computation on message-passing parallel computing systems. Synchronization is the mechanism that ensures that causality in the ordering of stochastically generated events for execution during the computation is maintained. We characterize distributed event-driven computation into weakly coupled (weak interactions) and strongly coupled (strong interactions) distributed systems and propose and analyze a number of new algorithms for efficient synchronization. The analytical results for steady state performance are complemented with detailed simulations of the transient performance. We show that synchronization enforced separately from computation results in an efficient implementation. Effects of the memory hierarchy and communication delays are also incorporated.
SiGe Receiver Front Ends for Millimeter-Wave Passive Imaging (2008)

A wideband 77-GHz front-end receiver for passive imaging has been designed and characterized. This system comprises a fully differential low-noise amplifier (LNA), double-balanced mixer, and voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). The 77-GHz LNA achieves 4.9-6.0-dB noise figure (NF), 18-26-dB gain, and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</i> 11 and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</i> 22 of - 13.0 and - 12.8 dB, respectively. The double-balanced mixer achieves 12-14-dB NF, 20-26-dB conversion gain, and -26-dBm P1dB (input referred). The VCO achieves output power from - 2 to 0 dBm with phase noise of ~ -93 dBc/Hz at 72 GHz, and can be tuned by approximately 3 GHz. The NF can be substantially improved with the addition of image-reject Chebyshev bandpass filters at the interface between the LNA and mixer. The 77-GHz receiver achieves 40-46-dB max conversion gain, output-referred P1dB of 2 dBm, and power dissipation of 195 mW. A 90-GHz LNA has also been characterized as an integral part of a higher resolution 94-GHz imager. This LNA achieves 22-dB maximum gain, 7.0-dB NF, and - 25- and - 10-dB <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</i> 11 and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</i> 22 , respectively, at 90 GHz. This LNA also exhibits excellent ultra-wideband performance, achieving ges 10-dB gain from 40 to 100 GHz.
Document Fraud Detection at the Border: Preliminary Observations on Human and Machine Performance (2013)

How many false documents (forged and counterfeited) cross the border undetected? What is the real extent of the phenomenon of document fraud at the border? How good are border officers and their technical equipment at detecting fraud in the first line? How can we measure the impact of capacity-building measures (training and technology) in the field of document fraud detection? This paper proposes to approach the traditional problem of "known unknown" of risk analysis by taking the performance of detection capabilities - human and machine-supported - seriously. It argues that capability-based vulnerabilities need to be systematically assessed quantitatively and qualitatively in order to make sense of the risk and to devise, test, and measure the effectiveness of countermeasures. The paper reports the preliminary results of an exercise simulating the first line of document inspection at the border. European document experts and automated document inspection systems were challenged to recognize genuine and false documents under a very tight time constraint. Although the experiment suffered of many methodological weaknesses due to the limitations of the context in which it was conducted, a number of initial observations can be drawn on the importance of human skills and experience, the strengths and shortcomings of automated systems, and the need to further test and study how human and machine capabilities can be improved and combined in order to increase their detection effectiveness and thus strengthen border security.
A GPU memory efficient speed-up scheme for training ultra-deep neural networks (2019)

Ultra-deep neural network(UDNN) tends to yield higher-quality model but its training process is often difficult to handle. Scarce GPU DRAM capacity is the primary bottleneck that limits the depth of neural network and the range of trainable minibatch size. In this paper, we present a scheme that dedicates to make the utmost use of finite GPU memory resource to speed up the training process for UDNN. Firstly, a performance-model guided dynamic swap out/in strategy between GPU and host memory is carefully orchestrated to tackle the out-of-memory problem without introducing performance penalty. Then, a hyperparameter (minibatch size, learning rate) tuning policy is designed to explore the optimal configuration after applying the swap strategy from the perspectives of training time and final accuracy simultaneously. Finally, we verify the effectiveness of our scheme in both single and distributed GPU mode.
Quantitative arsenic speciation in mine tailings using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (1998)

Polarized infrared absorption spectra of thin, oriented single-crystal slabs of pectolite and serandite were recorded between 4000 and 350 cm-1 at 298 and 83 K. The spectra of both minerals show a broad absorption region parallel to the silicate chains (b direction) that is centered around 1000 cm-1 which is interrupted by a transmission window, and which is superimposed by sharp silicate, lattice, and overtone modes. This band is assigned to the OH stretching mode consistent with the alignment of the O-H O hydrogen bond parallel to b and the short O···O distance of 2.45-2.48 Å that was found in previous X- ray structure refinements. At 1396 cm-1 (pectolite) and 1386 cm-1 (serandite) an OH bending mode is observed in the IR spectra parallel to c. At low temperatures, this mode shifts up to higher frequencies (1403 cm-1 at 83 K in pectolite). whereas the down-shift of the OH stretching mode cannot be observed due to the extremely broad band width. The slightly higher energy of the bending mode in pectolite indicates a slightly stronger hydrogen bond with respect to serandite. However, the bond length in serandite is slightly shorter than that in pectolite. An asymmetric O-H ··· O bond is confirmed in pectolite and serandite through comparison with different materials with similar, very strong hydrogen bonds and low-energy OH stretching modes.
Short forms to assess life quality and symptom distress for urinary incontinence in women: The incontinence impact questionnaire and the urogenital distress inventory (1995)

This article describes short form versions of the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ) and the Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI). These instruments assess life impact and symptom distress, respectively, of urinary incontinence and related conditions for women. All subsets regression analysis was used to find item subsets that best approximated scores of the long form versions. The approach succeeded in reducing the 30-item IIQ and the 19-item UDI to 7- and 6-item short forms, respectively. The short form versions may be more useful than the long form versions in many clinical and research applications.
Parameters for crystal growth of ribosomal subunits (1982)

A systematic analysis of the parameters that control the crystal growth of the large subunit of ribosomes from B stearothermophilus has been carried out. Several parameters have been identified and classified according to their significance. It was found that only biologically active particles can crystallize and that the critical period for the crystallization process is the first few days, during which changes in the volume and content of the crystallization drop are of importance for both nucleation and crystal growth. Consequently, an experimental procedure for fine control of these variables has been developed. As a result of these studies, the reproducibility of crystal formation was increased, and larger and more stable crystals have been obtained.
Power control and QoS of a CDMA based hierarchical cell structure network (2003)

The hierarchical cell structure is needed for different requirements: large cells guarantee continuous coverage, while small cells are necessary to achieve good spectrum efficiency and high capacity. In this paper a CDMA system in macro/micro cell structure is investigated. We propose an adaptive scheme of controlling cell size according to time-varying traffic distribution in a macro/micro overlaid cell environment. This aims to bring communications quality in both macro-cell and micro-cell to a target quality level. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme effectively controls the time-varying traffic fluctuations and provides an enhanced performance.
Self-Complementary Cavitands (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSelf-Complementary CavitandsAdam R. Renslo, Dmitry M. Rudkevich, and Julius RebekView Author Information The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and The Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Rd. La Jolla, California 92037 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 32, 7459–7460Publication Date (Web):July 23, 1999Publication History Received10 May 1999Published online23 July 1999Published inissue 1 August 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja991537jhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja991537jrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views555Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Cavities,Molecules,Oligomers,Screening assays,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Brief Report: A Regulatory Variant in <i>CCR6</i> Is Associated With Susceptibility to Antitopoisomerase‐Positive Systemic Sclerosis (2013)

The results of this study establish CCR6 as a new susceptibility factor for antitopoisomerase-positive SSc, as demonstrated in 3 European Caucasian populations, confirming the notion that SSc and RA could conceivably share autoimmune risk alleles. The results also suggest a potential role of the interleukin-17 pathway in SSc.