gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular cloning of NILE glycoprotein and evidence for its continued expression in mature rat CNS (1991)

The NILE glycoprotein is a rat neuronal cell adhesion molecule which has been reported to be very similar in structure, function, and distribution to the mouse L1 glycoprotein. Here we report the complete nucleotide sequence of the NILE message (5,208 nucleotides) and the deduced amino acid sequence of the NILE polypeptide (1,257 amino acids). The predicted NILE protein is 96% identical to L1 at the amino acid level, confirming that the two molecules are homologues. The sequence information shows that NILE is a transmembrane molecule with an extensive ectodomain and a much smaller cytoplasmic domain. The extracellular portion of the molecule contains six immunoglobulin C-2 type domains followed by five fibronectin type III repeats. These two structural motifs are characteristic of several other cell adhesion molecules. The cytoplasmic tails of NILE and L1 are identical to each other and distinct from the cytoplasmic regions of all other cell adhesion molecules except Ng-CAM and neuroglian. Several possible sites for phosphorylation are present in the cytoplasmic tail of NILE. Antisera were produced against two NILE-beta-galactosidase fusion proteins containing distinct segments of the NILE polypeptide: the cytoplasmic domain and the segment containing fibronectin type III repeats. Immunoblots with these antisera and Northern blots with a NILE cDNA probe indicate that NILE continues to be expressed in most areas of the mature rat brain. This contradicts previous immunofluorescence data, which suggested that NILE was substantially down-regulated in maturing nerve fiber tracts. This raises the possibility that NILE could be masked in situ by interactions with other cell surface molecules.
The phase transition in NK landscapes is easy (2001)

In this paper, we analyze the decision version of the NK landscape model from the perspective of threshold phenomena and phase transitions under two random distributions, the uniform probability model and the fixed ratio model. For the uniform probability model, we prove that the phase transition is easy in the sense that there is a polynomial algorithm that can solve a random instance of the problem with the probability asymptotic to 1 as the problem size tends to infinity. For the fixed ratio model, we establish several upper bounds for the solubility threshold, and prove that random instances with parameters above these upper bounds can be solved polynomially. This, together with our empirical study for random instances generated below and in the phase transition region, suggests that the phase transition of the fixed ratio model is also easy.
A New Class of Electrochemically and Thermally Stable Lithium Salts for Lithium Battery Electrolytes. V. Synthesis and Properties of Lithium Bis[2,3-pyridinediolato(2−)-O,Oʹ]borate (2000)

Synthesis, analysis, and purification of lithium bis[2,3-pyridinediolato(2−)‐O,O']borate (LBPB), is described. LBPB is the first lithium spiroborate known with a heterocycle, where the nitrogen works as an electron withdrawing atom. The anodic oxidation limit of this salt as determined from cyclic voltammetric measurements is 3.95 V vs. and it is increased by about 0.35 V when compared with lithium bis[1,2-benzenediolato(2−)‐O,O']borate. The gas phase energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital of the anion as obtained by the use of a semiempirical quantum mechanical method is −5.1 eV. No corrosion of aluminum is observed with this salt, which shows good protecting properties for the lithium electrode; therefore, this electrolyte may be suitable as an additive. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Stack inspection (2003)

Stack inspection is a security mechanism implemented in runtimes such as the JVM and the CLR to accommodate components with diverse levels of trust. Although stack inspection enables the fine-grained expression of access control policies, it has rather a complex and subtle semantics. We present a formal semantics and an equational theory to explain how stack inspection affects program behavior and code optimisations. We discuss the security properties enforced by stack inspection, and also consider variants with stronger, simpler properties.
Microdetector for rapid changes of oxygen partial pressure ( <i>p</i>O2) during the respiratory cycle in small laboratory animals (1988)

An oxygen microdetector suitable for respiratory experiments with small laboratory animals is described. Its principle structure is an O2-sensitive dye layer. To measure pO2 the capability of O2 to quench the fluorescence of dyes is used. The instrumental dead space of the detector amounts to 0.1 ml only. The detector indicates 90% of a concentration jump from 20 to 15 vol. % O2 in less than 20 ms without any dead time. Neither O2 nor sample volume are consumed. The special setup of the dye layer prevents CO2, N2O, and the humidity of the gas from affecting the fluorescence quenching of oxygen. The mean standard deviation is 0.95% of the relative fluorescence signal between 9.99 and 59.62 kPa pO2. The detector is suitable to measure rapid changes of pO2 in inspired and expired gases and may be enlarged for use in man.
High-Temperature Materials (2001)

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Factors Influencing Temperature Capability 2.1. Melting Temperature 2.2. Volatility 2.3. Crystal Structure 2.4. Zero-Time Deformation 2.5. Creep 2.6. Mechanical Fatigue 2.7. Thermal Fatigue 2.8. Oxidation 2.9. Hot Corrosion 2.10. Carburization 2.11. Erosion 2.12. Wear 3. Mechanisms for Increasing Temperature Capability 3.1. Metallic Materials 3.1.1. Solid-Solution Strengthening 3.1.2. Precipitation Hardening 3.1.3. Dispersion Strengthening 3.1.4. Grain Boundary Effects 3.2. Nonmetallic Materials 3.3. Corrosion-Resistant Coatings 3.3.1. Aluminum 3.3.2. Steel 3.3.3. Nickel 3.4. Insulating Coatings 3.5. Wear-Resistant Surfaces 4. Aluminum Alloys 4.1. Conventional Alloys 4.1.1. Wrought Alloys 4.1.2. Casting Alloys 4.2. Powder Alloys and Rapidly Solidified Alloys 4.2.1. Sintered Aluminum Powder 4.2.2. Recent Powder Alloys 4.3. Metal-Matrix Composites 5. Titanium Alloys 5.1. Metallurgy 5.2. Uses 6. Steels 6.1. Low-Alloy Steels 6.2. Martensitic 12 % Chromium Steels 6.3. Ferritic Heat-Resistant Materials 6.4. Corrosion-Resistant Austenitic Steels 6.5. Controlled-Transformation Stainless Steels 6.6. High-Strength Austenitic Steels 7. Nickel Alloys 7.1. Metallurgy 7.2. Oxidation-Resistant Nickel Alloys 7.3. Nickel Superalloys 7.3.1. Turbine Rotor Blade Materials 7.3.2. Turbine Stator Blade Materials 7.3.3. Turbine Disk Materials 7.3.4. Sheet Materials for Fabricated Structures 7.3.5. Nonaerospace Applications 8. Refractory Metals 9. Engineering Ceramics 9.1. Refractories 9.2. Early Engineering Ceramics 9.3. Advanced Engineering Ceramics 9.3.1. Ceramic Processing 9.3.2. Thermal Shock Resistance 9.3.3. Component Design and Life 9.3.4. Defect Tolerance 9.3.5. Alumina 9.3.6. Zirconia 9.3.7. Silicon Nitride 9.3.8. Sialons 9.3.9. Silicon Carbide 9.3.10. Glass Ceramics 10. Carbon and Carbon - Carbon Composites 11. Ceramic Composite Materials 12. Intermetallic Materials 13. Thermal Ablative Materials 14. Thermal Insulating Materials
Long‐term follow‐up results of hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone (Hyper‐CVAD), a dose‐intensive regimen, in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia (2004)

Compared with the previous VAD regimens, Hyper-CVAD was associated with significantly better CR rates, CR duration, and survival. The long-term follow-up results of Hyper-CVAD were favorable. Comparison of Hyper-CVAD with other established adult ALL regimens is warranted.
Two Kinds of Production: The Evolution of China's Family Planning Policy in the 1980s (1994)

Tyrene White, Two Kinds of Production: The Evolution of China's Family Planning Policy in the 1980s, Population and Development Review, Vol. 20, Supplement: The New Politics of Population: Conflict and Consensus in Family Planning (1994), pp. 137-158
Antitumor activity of shikonin, alkannin and their derivatives. II. X-ray analysis of cyclo-alkannin leucoacetate, tautomerism of alkannin and cyclo-alkannin and antitumor activity of alkannin derivatives. (1981)

Cyclo-alkannin and cycloshikonin were formerly considered to be derivatives of hydroanthraquinone 3. However, chemical and spectral investigation revealed that cycloalkannin possesses no secondary hydroxyl group. Thus, the structure of cyclo-alkannin leucoacetate (8) was determined by X-ray analysis, by the direct method ; the final R index with hydrogen atoms except for those of methyl groups was 0.065. The cyclization of alkannin and shikonin is a reaction between the hydroxyl group and double bond and does not involve the formation of a carbocyclic ring. In 1H-NMR both alkannin and cyclo-alkannin show two singlet signals arising from the protons of the aromatic and quinonic rings. The absence of coupling and lower chemical shift values suggests delocalization of the quinonic ring so that these compounds can be regarded as consisting of tautomeric structures (10, 11). The results of antitumor tests on alkannin and cycloalkannin derivatives (6, 7, 8, 10, 11) are also reported.
Switching of emissivity and photoconductivity in highly doped Yb3+:Y2O3 and Lu2O3 ceramics (2007)

Reversible jump of thermal emission accompanied with jump of photocurrent is observed in highly doped Yb3+:Y2O3 and Lu2O3 bulk ceramics pumped at 940nm wavelength. In contrast, when these materials are heated with a CO2 laser at 10.6μm wavelength, only a gradual increase of thermal emission and photoconductivity are observed up to the melting point. These results are interpreted as a ytterbium mediated, photoassisted avalanche of thermal emission.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging Detects Abnormalities in the Corticospinal Tracts of Neonates with Infantile Krabbe Disease (2009)

DTI with quantitative tractography detected significant differences in the corticospinal tracts of asymptomatic neonates who had the early-onset form of Krabbe disease. Once standardized and validated, this tool has the potential to be used as a marker of disease progression in neonates diagnosed through statewide neonate screening programs.
Testicular Germ-Cell Cancer (1997)

Approximately 95 percent of malignant tumors arising in the testis are germ-cell tumors, a term that indicates their origin in primordial germ cells. Germ-cell tumors also occasionally arise in extragonadal primary sites, and their management follows that of testicular germ-cell tumors. More than 90 percent of patients with newly diagnosed germ-cell tumors are cured, and delay in diagnosis correlates with a higher stage at presentation for treatment.1,2 Management has changed substantially in the past 20 years, largely because of the ability of cisplatin-containing combination chemotherapy to cure advanced disease.3 In this review, we discuss recent developments in our understanding . . .
Sonic Boom Simulation Technology (1971)

Research on aircraft-generated sonic booms has led to the development of special techniques to generate controlled sonic-boom-type disturbances without the complications and expense of supersonic flight operations. This paper contains brief descriptions of several of these techniques along with the significant hardware items involved and indicates the advantages and disadvantages of each in research applications. Included are wind tunnels, ballistic ranges, spark discharges, piston phones, shock tubes, high-speed valve systems, and shaped explosive charges. Specialized applications include sonic boom generation and propagation studies and the responses of structures, terrain, people, and animals. Situations for which simulators are applicable are shown to include both small-scale and large-scale laboratory tests and full-scale field tests. Although no one approach to simulation is ideal, the various techniques available generally complement each other to provide desired capability for a broad range of sonic boom studies.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Pictet‐Spengler Reaction Using α‐Methylbenzylamine as a Chiral Auxiliary Group. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Study of Some Properties of Thixotropic Gels Containing Egg Albumin as the Disperse Phase. (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Study of Some Properties of Thixotropic Gels Containing Egg Albumin as the Disperse Phase.William G. Myers and Wesley G. FranceCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1940, 44, 9, 1113–1126Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1940https://doi.org/10.1021/j150405a010RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views36Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (719 KB) Get e-Alerts
Clinical Features of 69 Cases with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China ;Clinical Infectious Diseases ;Oxford Academic (2020)

Abstract Background From December 2019 to February 2020, 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a serious outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China Related clinical features are needed Methods We reviewed 69 patients who were hospitalized in Union hospital in Wuhan between January 16 to January 29, 2020 All patients were confirmed to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 and the final date of follow-up was February 4, 2020 Results The median age of 69 enrolled patients was 42 0 years (IQR 35 0-62 0), and 32 patients (46%) were men The most common symptoms were fever (60[87%]), cough (38[55%]), and fatigue (29[42%]) Most patients received antiviral therapy (66 [98 5%] of 67 patients) and antibiotic therapy (66 [98 5%] of 67 patients) As of February 4, 2020, 18 (26 9%) of 67 patients had been discharged, and five patients had died, with a mortality rate of 7 5% According to the lowest SpO2 during admission, cases were divided into the SpO2≥90% group (n=55) and the SpO2<90% group (n=14) All 5 deaths occurred in the SpO2<90% group Compared with SpO2≥90% group, patients of the SpO2<90% group were older, and showed more comorbidities and higher plasma levels of IL6, IL10, lactate dehydrogenase, and c reactive protein Arbidol treatment showed tendency to improve the discharging rate and decrease the mortality rate Conclusions COVID-19 appears to show frequent fever, dry cough, and increase of inflammatory cytokines, and induced a mortality rate of 7 5% Older patients or those with underlying comorbidities are at higher risk of death
Characterization of a G-protein-regulated outward K+ current in mesophyll cells of vicia faba L. (1993)

Whole-cell voltage-dependent currents in isolated mesophyll protoplasts of Vicia faba were investigated by patch-clamp techniques. With 104 mM K+ in the cytosol and 13 mM K+ in the external solution, depolarization of the plasma membrane from -47 mV to potentials between -15 and +85 mV activated a voltage- and time-dependent outward current (Iout). The average magnitude of Iout at +85 mV was 28.5 +/- 3.3 pA.pF-1. No inward voltage-dependent current was observed upon hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane from -55 mV to potentials as negative as -175 mV. Time-activated outward current was blocked by Ba2+ (1 mM BaCl2) and was not observed when K+ was eliminated from the external and internal solutions, indicating that this outward current was carried primarily by K+ ions. The voltage dependency of outward K+ current revealed a possible mechanism for K+ efflux from mesophyll cells. A GDP analogue guanosine 5'-[beta-thio]diphosphate (500 microM) significantly enhanced outward K+ current. The outward K+ current was inhibited by the GTP analogue guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (500 microM) and by an increase in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentrations. Cholera toxin, which ADP-ribosylates guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins, also inhibited outward K+ current. These findings illustrate the presence in mesophyll cells of outward-rectifying K+ channels that are regulated by GTP-binding proteins and calcium.
A systematic review of biologic and technical complications with fixed implant rehabilitations for edentulous patients. (2012)

Biologic and technical complications after the placement of IFCDPs occur continuously over time as a result of fatigue and stress. These events may not lead to implant/prosthetic failures, but they are significant in relation to the amount of repair and maintenance needed, time, and cost to both the clinician and patient.
Combined spatial and temporal domain wavelet shrinkage algorithm for video denoising (2006)

A combined spatial- and temporal-domain wavelet shrinkage algorithm for video denoising is presented in this paper. The spatial-domain denoising technique is a selective wavelet shrinkage method which uses a two-threshold criteria to exploit the geometry of the wavelet subbands of each video frame, and each frame of the image sequence is spatially denoised independently of one another. The temporal-domain denoising technique is a selective wavelet shrinkage method which estimates the level of noise corruption as well as the amount of motion in the image sequence. The amount of noise is estimated to determine how much filtering is needed in the temporal-domain, and the amount of motion is taken into consideration to determine the degree of similarity between consecutive frames. The similarity affects how much noise removal is possible using temporal-domain processing. Using motion and noise level estimates, a video denoising technique is established which is robust to various levels of noise corruption and various levels of motion.
Some Heterocyclic Secondary Amines<sup>1</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome Heterocyclic Secondary Amines1W. K. Detweiler and E. D. AmstutzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 3, 829–830Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01123a503https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01123a503research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views155Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ultrastructural analysis of the invasion of tick cells by Lyme disease spirochetes (<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>) in vitro (1994)

The association of Lyme disease spirochetes, Borrelia burgdorferi, with tick cell cultures was characterized by electron microscopy. These cells were active in endocytosis and intracellular digestion, containing coated vesicles, pits, and phagosomes. Borrelia burgdorferi in tick cell cultures resembled those described in tick tissues. In RAE25 cultures, isolated from Rhipicephalus appendiculatus embryos, invasion of cells was mediated by coated pits, indicating active host cell participation. The invading, tapered end of B. burgdorferi contained an electron-dense body that persisted throughout invasion. A host-derived membrane surrounded invading and intracellular borreliae as observed by transmission electron microscopy of cross and longitudinal sections, whereas degenerating ones lay inside secondary lysosomes. Borrelia burgdorferi cocultivated with cell lines from Ixodes scapularis were mainly found at the cell surface or within lysosomes. The differences seen in invasion of these cell lines are interpreted to reflect differences in cell types rather than species. Gemmae, indicative of degenerative changes in the spirochetes, were observed extra- and intra-cellularly. Membrane blebs were liberated by the spirochetes into the medium and onto the cells, and were avidly endocytosed. Tick cell cultures are a useful tool to elucidate spirochete – vector cell interactions that may be obscured in vivo.
A new synchronization algorithm for hitless protection switching in ATM networks (1999)

Redundant transmission on disjoint paths is a common precaution against the effects of failures in communication networks. To allow hitless switching from one path to the other, synchronization algorithms are required. Most of the current algorithms are based on supplementary synchronization information (e.g. synchronization cells). A novel algorithm for the synchronization and selection of redundant data streams is proposed, which allows hitless switching without supplementary information. The algorithm achieves synchronization based on the correlation of the user information. Further, it provides a fast synchronization detection time and is tolerant against loss and errors of single cells in one data path. Analytical analysis as well as simulation show the correctness and efficiency of the novel algorithm.
Efficient SO2 capture by amine functionalized PEG (2013)

Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are a class of non-toxic, non-volatile, biocompatible, and widely available polymers. In this work, we synthesized N-ethyl-N-(2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)-2-aminoethanol (EE3AE) that combines the properties of PEG and amines, and N-decyl-N-ethyl-2-aminoethanol (DEAE). Their performances to capture SO2 were studied at different temperatures, pressures, and absorption times. The interaction between the absorbents and SO2 were characterized by NMR and FTIR techniques. It was demonstrated that both EE3AE and DEAE could absorb SO2 efficiently, and there existed chemical and physical interactions between the absorbents and SO2. In particular, the absorption capacity of EE3AE could be as high as 1.09 g SO2 per g EE3AE at 1 atm. The absorption capacity of EE3AE was much larger than that of DEAE because the ether group in the EE3AE interacted with SO2 more strongly than the alkyl group in the DEAE. The SO2 absorbed by EE3AE could be stripped out by bubbling N2 or by applying a vacuum and the EE3AE could be reused. Moreover, both absorbents exhibited a high SO2-CO2 selectivity.