gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Diol Cross-Linkers in Castable Urethane Elastomers (1981)

There are regulatory and handling problems in using methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) as a chain extender (curative or cross-linker) for toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-terminated prepolymers, to produce urethane elastomers (1,2). There is, therefore, a strong interest in achieving similar elastomer properties with other curatives and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI)-terminated prepolymers(3,4). EXPERIMENTAL A. Materials The materials used are listed in Table I. All curatives were dried overnight at 80°C in vacuum. MDI prepolymer were used as received. B. Polyurethane Elastomer Preparation Amine stoichiometry was kept at 95% based on prepolymer content. Except where noted, prepolymers were preheated at 93°C and mixed with curatives at desired temperature. The prepolymer, curative and prepolymer-curative mixture were each vacuum degassed prior to pouring the mixture into a preheated mold. Degassing before and after mixing is especially important to achieve optimum cures. The mold was closed when gelation started. Demolding time was one hour or less. The sample was
Functional Characterization of the Recombinant Type 3 Ca2+ Release Channel (Ryanodine Receptor) Expressed in HEK293 Cells (1997)

To investigate the channel properties of the mammalian type 3 ryanodine receptor (RyR3), we have cloned the RyR3 cDNA from rabbit uterus by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and expressed the cDNA in HEK293 cells. Immunoblotting studies showed that the cloned RyR3 was indistinguishable from the native mammalian RyR3 in molecular size and immunoreactivity. Ca2+ release measurements using the fluorescence Ca2+ indicator fluo 3 revealed that the cloned RyR3 functioned as a caffeine- and ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ release channel in HEK293 cells. Functional properties of the cloned RyR3 were further characterized by using single channel recordings in lipid bilayers. The cloned RyR3 channel exhibited a K+ conductance of 777 picosiemens in 250 mM KCl and a Ca2+ conductance of 137 picosiemens in 250 mM CaCl2 and displayed a pCa2+/pK+ ratio of 6.3 and an open time constant of about 1.16 ms. The response of the cloned RyR3 to cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentrations was biphasic. The channel was activated by Ca2+ at about 100 nM and inactivated at about 10 mM. Ca2+ alone was able to activate the cloned RyR3 fully. Calmodulin activated the cloned RyR3 at low Ca2+ concentrations but inhibited the channel at high Ca2+ concentrations. The cloned RyR3 was activated by ATP, caffeine, and perchlorate, inhibited by Mg2+ and ruthenium red, and modified by ryanodine. Cyclic ADP-ribose did not seem to affect single channel activity of the cloned RyR3. The most prominent differences of the cloned RyR3 from the rabbit skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor were in the gating kinetics, extent of maximal activation by Ca2+, and sensitivity to Ca2+ inactivation. Results of the present study provide initial insights into the single channel properties of the mammalian RyR3.
Transient Isotachophoretic−Electrophoretic Separations of Lanthanides with Indirect Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection (1998)

Indirect laser-induced fluorescence was used for the detection of several lanthanide species separated by capillary electrophoresis. Quinine sulfate was the fluorescent component of the background electrolyte, and α-hydroxyisobutyric acid was added as a complexing agent to enable the separation of analyte ions that have similar mobilities. The UV lines (333-364 nm) of an argon ion laser were used as the excitation source with a diode array detector for monitoring the fluorescent emission at 442 nm. Electrokinetic injections and transient isotachophoresis were implemented to stack the analyte ions into more concentrated zones. On-line preconcentration factors were determined to be ∼700 and resulted in limits of detection for La(3+), Ce(3+), Pr(3+), Nd(3+), Sm(3+), and Eu(3+) in the low-ppb range (6-11 nM).
Evolution of Size and Shape in the Colloidal Crystallization of Gold Nanoparticles (2007)

The addition of dodecanethiol to a solution of oleylamine-stabilized gold nanoparticles in chloroform leads to aggregation of nanoparticles and formation of colloidal crystals. Based on results from dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy we identify three different growth mechanisms: direct nanoparticle aggregation, cluster aggregation, and heterogeneous aggregation. These mechanisms produce amorphous, single-crystalline, polycrystalline, and core-shell type clusters. In the latter, gold nanoparticles encapsulate an impurity nucleus. All crystalline structures exhibit fcc or icosahedral packing and are terminated by (100) and (111) planes, which leads to truncated tetrahedral, octahedral, and icosahedral shapes. Importantly, most clusters in this system grow by aggregation of 60-80 nm structurally nonrigid clusters that form in the first 60 s of the experiment. The aggregation mechanism is discussed in terms of classical and other nucleation theories.
Liquid crystals for lasercom applications (1991)

Nematic liquid crystals (NLCs) have electronically tunable birefringence and can be used as voltage-controlled switches for channel or redundancy beam switching in a lasercom terminal. To assess the performance of such a switch, we have evaluated the operating voltage, transmission efficiency, polarization crosstalk, and long-term operational reliability of an NLC device at four laser diode wavelengths. Preliminary results are encouraging. Transmission is around 95 percent, and polarization rotation purity is comparable to that obtained with a quartz or polymer waveplate, making this solid-state, voltage-controlled waveplate competitive with a conventional implementation that uses a mechanically inserted or rotated half-wave plate.
A visual tracking algorithm by integrating rigid model and snakes (2002)

This paper presents a robust vision algorithm for tracking the boundary of an object with an arbitrary shape by using monocular image sequences. This method consists of a curve registration based optimization technique and a deformable contour model ("snakes") for the global and the local motion estimations, respectively. By combining techniques, we overcome, among other problems, inaccurate estimate of motion parameters in the curve registration method (which apparently only occur when a rigid or a flexible object is tracked), and the "local position variation" of the deformable contour model, variations, which are due to noisy images and/or complex backgrounds. The curve registration method uses an iterative algorithm to find the minimum normal distance between two curves, one before motion and the corresponding curve after it. Snakes overcome the limitation of the curve registration method, which suffers from the inaccuracy of motion models. We also propose an internal force, which increases local robustness of the deformable contour to background noise. By using the refined snakes' control points, the global update of the previous curve is performed for the re-location of the registered curve. Additionally, we integrate the geometric invariant value of the boundary contour and the curve registration method to solve the occlusion problem in visual tracking. The proposed method is validated through experiments on real images.
Robust skin type classification using convolutional neural networks (2018)

Skin spectrum is used in a wide range of applications including medical science, dermatology, cosmetics science, and biometric face recognition. However, it is noticed that the composition of complex tissue layers and the uneven outer surface of the skin make skin spectrum evaluation error-prone. In other words, the skin reflection spectra of the same measurement area from the same person could show different spectral characteristics. Recently, Deep Learning algorithms show robust classification results in the area such as visual recognition, image labeling, speech recognition, and hyperspectral image. In this work, a commonly used Deep Learning method, Convolutional Neural Network, is introduced for studying robust Fitzpatrick skin type classification. Considering the small sample size of the skin spectra dataset in this paper, a single convolutional layer Convolutional Neural Network model is applied. To evaluate the performance of our simplified Convolutional Neural Network model, an Artificial Neural Network model, as well as the traditional ITA Fitzpatrick classification approach are also compared. The classification result of our Convolutional Neural Network model shows a better Fitzpatrick skin type classification, with an accuracy rate up to 92.59%.
Length, Bundle, and Density Gradients in Spin Cast Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Networks (2010)

The ability to form single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) networks of known density and length distributions is of critical importance to the development of a wide variety of electronic materials that incorporate these molecular wires. Room temperature deposition methods are of great interest as they allow the use of heat-sensitive substrates like polymers and glass. Additionally, they allow greater control over the characteristics of the SWNTs in the network by facilitating physical and/or chemical modification steps prior to deposition. This manuscript describes how two-dimensional networks of SWNTs were formed from aqueous suspensions via spin-casting, a deposition method commonly used in the microelectronics industry due to its ability to deposit uniform thin films of polymers from organic solvents. In the current work, the low viscosity of aqueous suspensions and high spin rates used resulted in ultrathin layers of aqueous suspensions from which low densities of unbundled SWNTs were deposited in iterative deposition cycles. This process was repeated to grow networks exhibiting tunable macroscopic conductivity that could be described by percolation theory.
Rotating Cylinder Electrode for Velocity Sensitivity Testing (1984)

Fluid flow can affect the rate of corrosion. The problem has been to determine when this effect occurs in equipment, especially before the equipment is designed. A new velocity sensitivity test using a rotating cylinder electrode is being used for this purpose. The strength of the apparatus is its defined hydrodynamics. The test procedure rests on the assumption that by operating the rotating cylinder electrode in the range of the wall shear stresses expected in the plant geometry, the mechanism by which fluid flow affects corrosion rate may be simulated in the laboratory. Once the mechanism is defined, the appropriate relationship (if known) between fluid flow rate and corrosion rate for the plant geometry can be used to predict the expected corrosion rate in the plant. This approach is demonstrated with a practical example.
Hierarchical Regulation of Odorant Receptor Gene Choice and Subsequent Axonal Projection of Olfactory Sensory Neurons in Zebrafish (2007)

In both Drosophila and mice, olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) expressing a given odorant receptor (OR) project axons to specific glomeruli in the antennal lobe or olfactory bulb (OB), developing a topographic odor map. To gain insights into the modes of OR expression and axonal projection in zebrafish, we generated a bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic line carrying an OR gene cluster in which two OR-coding sequences, OR111-7 and OR103-1, were replaced with yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) and cyan fluorescent protein (CFP), respectively. In the transgenic embryos, YFP and CFP signals appear in small populations of OSNs at an early stage of development when OR expression is first observed. Time-lapse imaging of living embryos revealed that both YFP- and CFP-expressing OSNs project axons to the medial portion of the OB. This pattern of axonal projection is maintained in the adult transgenic fish, in which fluorescently labeled OSN axons target a topographically fixed cluster of glomeruli in the medial OB. Because the OR-coding sequences were replaced with fluorescent reporter genes, we examined which OR genes are expressed in YFP/CFP-expressing OSNs and found that the OR choice is mostly restricted to OR members within the same subfamily of the cluster. Furthermore, we found that the one receptor-one neuron rule is not always applicable to zebrafish OSNs and that multiple receptors-one neuron is true for a subpopulation of OSNs in both wild-type and transgenic fish. These data demonstrate two distinct modes of OR expression and suggest a model of the hierarchical regulation of OR gene choice and subsequent axonal projection in the zebrafish olfactory system.
Defective Circulating CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup>Foxp3<sup>+</sup>CD127<sup>low</sup> Regulatory T-cells in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure (2010)

Our data are the first to demonstrate that frequencies of circulating Tregs in patients with CHF are reduced and their suppressive function compromised independently of the etiology. Defective Tregs may be an underlying mechanism of immune activation in CHF patients.
A Parity Structure for Large Remotely Located Replicated Data Files (1983)

This paper proposes a parity structure for large remotely located replicated data files. The parity structure can accomplish the following objectives. 1) Ascertain with a high degree of confidence whether two or more files are identical, using a very small amount of communication. 2) If there is disagreement between two files, the disagreeing portion can be located simply and with a small amount of communication. 3) Memory faults within each individual file can be detected simply and with high probability.
Digital audio compression (1993)

Compared to most digital data types, with the exception of digital video, the data rates associated with uncompressed digital audio are substantial. Digital audio compression enables more efficient storage and transmission of audio data. The many forms of audio compression techniques offer a range of encoder and decoder complexity, compressed audio quality, and differing amounts of data compression. The -law transformation and ADPCM coder are simple approaches with low-complexity, low-compression, and medium audio quality algorithms. The MPEG/audio standard is a highcomplexity, high-compression, and high audio quality algorithm. These techniques apply to general audio signals and are not specifically tuned for speech signals.
Differential expression of keratins in the basal and luminal compartments of rat prostatic epithelium during degeneration and regeneration (1988)

The role of the different epithelial compartments during degeneration and regeneration of the rat prostate is examined on basis of intermediate filament protein (IFP) expression pattern. With the monoclonal antibodies RCK 103 and RGE 53, directed against specific keratins, it was possible to differentiate between the basal (RCK 103+) and luminal (RGE 53+) cells of the prostatic epithelium. After testosterone deprivation, by orchiectomy, an extensive and rapid cell loss was observed which appeared to affect mainly the luminal cells. In the process of prostate regeneration, induced by testosterone administration, using silastic implants, the luminal compartment rapidly regained its normal thickness. A heterogeneous population of morphologically luminal cells was observed showing keratin expression patterns intermediate between basal and luminal cells. These findings support the idea of a relationship between basal and luminal cells as being members of the same lineage of differentiation.
Reactions of Organic Compounds with Xenon Fluorides (1978)

Abstract Xenon fluorides, especially XeF 2 and the intercalates of XeF 4 and XeF 6 in graphite, react with a broad range of aromatic compounds to provide a convenient direct route to fluoroaromatic compounds, many of which are otherwise difficult to prepare. Some of the products are of medicinal and biological interest. Highly colored radical cations are generated in the reactions by one‐electron oxidation. XeF 2 also serves as a useful source of fluorine by reacting readily with carbon‐carbon double and triple bonds to yield difluoro‐ and tetrafluoro‐ addition products, as well as products resulting from rearrangements (especially in the case of norbornene).
Polanyi and Psychoanalysis (1991)

Since I first met Polanyi when I was in psychiatry residency at Duke University (1962-4), his work has exerted a continuing influence on my understanding of psychoanalysis, specifically the branch of psychoanalysis called analytical psychology, founded by the Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung. In the present context, I wish to discuss briefly four areas in which Polanyi’s thought has influenced or deepened my understanding of Jung’s psychoanalytic theory. These are: (1) the compensatory nature of dreaming, including the function of unanalyzed dreams; (2) focal/tacit distinctions as a finer discrimination of conscious/unconscious; (3) dynamo-objective coupling (moral inversion) as informing the psychoanalytic theories of defense mechanisms and neurosis; and (4) an appreciation of “indwelling” as a concept useful in conceptualizing many psychological processes.
Centchroman A safe reversible postcoital contraceptive with curative and prophylactic activity in many disorders (2017)

Centchroman (INN: Ormeloxifene), a reversible post-coital/weekly oral contraceptive (half-life of about 168 hours), designed and developed at CDRI, Lucknow is the only non-steroidal oral contraceptive in clinical use in the world today. Synthesized in 1967 and completing pre-clinical and clinical studies in 1989, this drug was approved for marketing in 1991, social marketing in 1995 and NFPW in April 2016. It acts by preventing implantation of blastocyst in endometrium. It is the only contraceptive which neither suppresses ovulation nor interferes with the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. It has high level of safety and is virtually free from side effects except for a delay in about 8% menstrual cycles which is not confined to any women/cycle. Besides contraception, this SERM is also clinically useful in the management of DUB, mastalgia and fibroadenoma and has promising therapeutic efficacy in a variety of cancers including breast cancer. Due to estrogenic activity, this drug also has anti-osteoporotic and cardioprotective activity. Thus, Centchroman is likely to show other curative and prophylactic activity in a wide range of other disorders.
Perceived role differences and discrepancies among nursing supervisors. (1971)

PSYCHOLOGISTS and sociologists
have long been devoting considerable attention to the subject of role perception. A recent review of a number of landmark investigations may be found in the Handbook of Social Psychology (1). Researchers such as Taves, Corwin, Haas and others at Ohio State University have conducted studies of the role perceived and performed by the professional nurse (2). Ruth Anderson has provided insight into the present role of the head nurse as a leader of others and has shown that role preferences of head nurses are related to leader performance (3).
 Little empirical evidence exists regarding the role of the nursing supervisor Crotin, in a study of the functions of nursing supervisors in six general short-term care hospitals found little agreement on functions which should be performed by nursing supervisors (4). Hagen and Wolff, in an investigation of nursing leadership behavior using a critical incident reporting approach, developed a list of behavioral statements related to the leadership effectiveness of the nursing supervisor. These statements were classified into twelve behavior (or role) categories (5). In that study, no leadership role for the supervisor emerged as being distinct from that of the director of nursing service or the head nurse. On the other hand, Nealey and Blood found that nursing leadership effectiveness, both in terms of performance and subordinate satisfaction, may require that the nursing supervisor fulfill a leadership role considerably different than that of the head nurse (6). For example, task-oriented head nurses received higher performance ratings while relationships oriented nursing supervisors rated higher. That is, head nurses who were perceived by their subordinates as more concerned with elements of the job or task per se received higher performance ratings, while
The Diagnosis and Treatment of Autoimmune Blistering Skin Diseases (2011)

The diagnostic assessment of autoimmune blistering skin diseases can be expected to improve in the near future as new serological testing systems are developed that employ recombinant forms of the target antigens. The treatments currently in use still need to be validated by prospective, controlled trials.
Provisioning Virtual Resources Adaptively in Elastic Compute Cloud Platforms (2011)

Provisioning Virtual machines on demand is significant in elastic compute cloud for reliable service delivery. The importance and major difficulty lies in satisfying the conflicting objectives of satisfying contracted service level agreement while lowering used resource costs. In this paper, the authors propose a mathematical multi-tier framework for adaptive virtual resource allocation problem. The framework captures the performance of the virtualized cloud platform gracefully. The authors first use simulations to derive virtual resource allocation policies, and later use real benchmarking applications, to verify the effectiveness of this framework. Experimental results show that the model can be simply and effectively used to satisfy the response time requirement as well as lowering the cost of using the virtual machine resources.
Designing Musical Soundtracks for Brain Controlled Interface (BCI) Systems (2018)

This paper presents research based on the creation and development of two Brain Controlled Interface (BCI) based film experiences. The focus of this research is primarily on the audio in the films; the way that the overall experiences were designed, the ways in which the soundtracks were specifically developed for the experiences and the ways in which the audience perceived the use of the soundtrack in the film. Unlike traditional soundtracks the adaptive nature of the audio means that there are multiple parts that can be interacted with and combined at specific moments. The design of such adaptive audio systems is something that is yet to be fully understood and this paper goes someway to presenting our initial findings. We think that this research will be of interest and excite the Audio-HCI community.
Systematic Review: Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation in Prevention of Cardiovascular Events (2010)

The American Heart Association and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
The Pathogenesis of Alphaviruses (2012)

Alphaviruses are enveloped single-stranded positive sense RNA viruses of the family Togaviridae. The genus alphavirus contains nine viruses, which are of medical, theoretical, or economic importance, and which will be considered. Sindbis virus (SINV) and Semliki Forest (SFV), although of some medical importance, have largely been studied as models of viral pathogenicity. In mice, SINV and SFV infect neurons in the central nervous system and virulent strains induce lethal encephalitis, whereas avirulent strains of SFV induce demyelination. SFV infects the developing foetus and can be teratogenic. Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus, Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus, and Western Equine Encephalitis virus can induce encephalitis in horses and humans. They are prevalent in the Americas and are mosquito transmitted. Ross River virus, Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and O’nyong-nyong virus (ONNV) are prevalent in Australasia, Africa and Asia, and Africa, respectively. ONNV virus is transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes, while the other alphaviruses are transmitted by culicine mosquitoes. CHIKV has undergone adaptation to a new mosquito host which has increased its host range beyond Africa. Salmonid alphavirus is of economic importance in the farmed salmon and trout industry. It is postulated that future advances in research on alphavirus pathogenicity will come in the field of innate immunity.