gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extended concentration‐response curves used to reflect full agonist efficacies and receptor occupancy‐response coupling ranges (1995)

1. An approach is described for generating extended agonist concentration-response curves where the responses are unconstrained by the normal tissue maximum response. Functional antagonism is employed to hold the tissue state in the range where any change in stimulus can be translated into a measurable response. 2. The maximum response of these extended concentration-response curves provides an index of intrinsic activity reflecting the agonist efficacy and the receptor occupancy-response coupling range. 3. The use of this approach is illustrated with extended concentration-response curves for noradrenaline (NA), vasopressin, acetylcholine (ACh), and 5-methylfurmethide in the small mesenteric and tail arteries of the rat. Both NA and vasopressin can maximally activate the arteries, but the new protocol shows that NA can produce more cellular activation than vasopressin in the tail artery. Both ACh and 5-methylfurmethide are full agonists but ACh has a higher intrinsic activity than 5-methylfurmethide. The ACh muscarinic receptors in the mesenteric artery have a larger occupancy-response range than the ACh muscarinic-receptors in the tail artery, and the alpha-adrenoceptors in the tail artery appear to have a larger occupancy-response coupling range than those in the mesenteric artery. 4. This approach extends our ability to compare the efficacies of full agonists, and to compare the occupancy-response coupling ranges of receptors that can normally maximally activate the assay tissue. This is achieved without the use of an irreversible antagonist and should be applicable to many receptors and pharmacological assay systems where responses are stable and functional antagonists are available.
Toxicant Formation in Dabbing: The Terpene Story (2017)

Inhalable, noncombustible cannabis products are playing a central role in the expansion of the medical and recreational use of cannabis. In particular, the practice of "dabbing" with butane hash oil has emerged with great popularity in states that have legalized cannabis. Despite their growing popularity, the degradation product profiles of these new products have not been extensively investigated. The study herein focuses on the chemistry of myrcene and other common terpenes found in cannabis extracts. Methacrolein, benzene, and several other products of concern to human health were formed under the conditions that simulated real-world dabbing. The terpene degradation products observed are consistent with those reported in the atmospheric chemistry literature.
Anti-Hook Shield against the Software Key Loggers (2004)

Abstract:- Software Key logger is a stealth surveillance application, which is used to keep record of user activities on the computer in various ways like keyboard logging, screen logging, mouse logging and voice logging completely undetected to ANY user because it is designed to capture what is done on a PC. They have gained so much power in their execution and have become a serious threat to the privacy and security of a computer. Windows hooks play a major role in the development of software key loggers. We can guard our privacy by anti-hook mechanism, which has been devised for the sure shot detection of both known and unknown key loggers, currently in use or being developed at the present moment. Anti-hook technique is based on the fact that each processes either hidden or on display uses hooks APIs for the purpose of hooking. So if we become able to scan all the processes and static executables and DLLs and detect the suspicious processes or files, which uses hooks. Then we can get the complete detail about that particular file or process. We can also terminate its execution or existence to secure the system. This paper focuses the anti-hook technique by keeping in view the Key loggers development process so that personal privacy and security can be ensured. Keywords: Key logger, Anti-Hook technique, Privacy and Security, Windows Hooks
Reduction of Connections for Multibus Organization (1983)

The multibus interconnection network is an attractive solution for connecting processors and memory modules in a multiprocessor with shared memory. It provides a throughput which is intermediate between the single bus and the crossbar, with a corresponding intermediate cost.
Power Minimization-Based Robust OFDM Radar Waveform Design for Radar and Communication Systems in Coexistence (2017)

This paper considers the problem of power minimization-based robust orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) radar waveform design, in which the radar coexists with a communication system in the same frequency band. Recognizing that the precise characteristics of target spectra are impossible to capture in practice, it is assumed that the target spectra lie in uncertainty sets bounded by known upper and lower bounds. Based on this uncertainty model, three different power minimization-based robust radar waveform design criteria are proposed to minimize the worst-case radar transmitted power by optimizing the OFDM radar waveform, which are constrained by a specified mutual information requirement for target characterization and a minimum capacity threshold for communication system. These criteria differ in the way the communication signals scattered off the target are considered: 1) as useful energy, 2) as interference, or 3) ignored altogether at the radar receiver. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the radar transmitted power can be efficiently reduced by exploiting the communication signals scattered off the target at the radar receiver. It is also shown that the robust waveforms bound the worst-case power-saving performance of radar system for any target spectra in the uncertainty sets.
A technique for stable adhesion of DNA to a modified graphite surface for imaging by scanning tunneling microscopy (1991)

A procedure has been developed in which mercurated DNA is covalently bonded to a modified graphite surface. This technique allows for stable adhesion of the DNA which enables one to image it with the scanning tunneling microscope. The method is outlined in this paper and images are presented of a partially modified graphite surface and one completely modified with DNA attached. The DNA images demonstrate B-helix periodicity.
Freeze-Drying To Produce Efficacious CPMV Virus-like Particles (2019)

In situ cancer vaccination that uses immune stimulating agents is revolutionizing the way that cancer is treated. In this realm, viruses and noninfectious virus-like particles have gained significant traction in reprogramming the immune system to recognize and eliminate malignancies. Recently, cowpea mosaic virus-like particles (VLPs) have shown exceptional promise in their ability to fight a variety of cancers. However, the current methods used to produce CPMV VLPs rely on agroinfiltration in plants. These protocols remain complicated and labor intensive and have the potential to introduce unwanted immunostimulatory agents, like lipopolysaccharides. This Letter describes a simple "post-processing" method to remove RNA from wild-type CPMV, while retaining the structure and function of the capsid. Lyophilization was able to eject encapsulated RNA to form lyo-eCPMV and, when purified, eliminated nearly all traces of encapsulated RNA. Lyo-eCPMV was characterized by cryo-electron microscopy single particle reconstruction to confirm the structural integrity of the viral capsid. Finally, lyo-eCPMV showed equivalent anticancer efficacy as eCPMV, produced by agroinfiltration, when using an invasive melanoma model. These results describe a straightforward method to prepare CPMV VLPs from infectious virions.
Cytotoxic Anticancer Candidates from Natural Resources (2002)

Natural products have been regarded as important sources that could produce potential chemotherapeutic agents. Over 50% of anticancer drugs approved by United States Food and Drug Administration since 1960 were originated from the natural resources, especially from terrestrial plants. Based on cytotoxicity bioassay, over 400 compounds have been isolated from plants, marine organisms and microorganisms from the period of 1996 to 2000. Recently, interest of natural product research has slowly moved to marine organisms. As a result, almost 50% of reported cytotoxic compounds were isolated from marine organisms such as sponges and corals. Also, traditional cytotoxic compounds of acetogenins, alkaloids and terpene skeletons have been reported continuously. In this review, we will present the cytotoxic compounds obtained from natural sources from 1996 to 2000, and the structures and cytotoxic activity of natural compounds isolated from territorial, marine and microorganism resources.
DIVERSITY OF PLANT GROWTH AND SOIL HEALTH SUPPORTING BACTERIA (2005)

The global necessity to increase agricultural production from a steadily decreasing and degrading land resource base has placed considerable strain on the fragile agro-ecosystems. Current strategies to maintain and improve agricultural productivity via high-input practices places considerable emphasis on 'fail-safe' techniques for each component of the production sequence with little consideration to the integration of these components in a holistic, systems approach. While the use of mineral fertilizers is considered the quickest and surest way of boosting crop production, their cost and other constraints deter farmers from using them in recommended quantities. In recent years, concepts of integrated plant nutrient management (IPNM) have been developed, which emphasize maintaining and increasing soil fertility by optimizing all possible sources (organic and inorganic) of plant nutrients required for crop growth and quality. This is done in an integrated manner appropriate to each cropping system and farming situation. Improvement in agricultural sustainability requires optimal use and management of soil fertility and soil physical properties, both of which rely on soil biological processes and soil biodiversity. An understanding of microbial diversity perspectives in agricultural context, is important and useful to arrive at measures that can act as indicators of soil quality and plant productivity. In this context, the long-lasting challenges in soil microbiology are development of effective methods to know the types of microorganisms present in soils, and to determine functions which the microbes perform in situ. This review describes some recent developments, particularly in India, to understand the relationship of soils and plants with the diversity of associated bacteria, and traces contributions of Indian scientists in isolating and defining the roles of plant growth promoting bacteria to evolve strategies for their better exploitation.
Effect of disulfide and sulfhydryl reagents on abortive and productive elongation catalyzed by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. (1994)

The effect of disulfide and sulfhydryl reagents on the rate of abortive and productive elongation has been studied using Escherichia coli RNA polymerase holoenzyme and poly[d(A-T)] as template. In the presence of UTP as a single substrate and UpA as a primer, the enzyme catalyzed efficiently the synthesis of the trinucleotide product UpApU. Incubation of RNA polymerase with 1 mM 2-mercaptoethanol resulted in a 5-fold increase of the rate of UpApU synthesis. In contrast, incubation of the enzyme with 1 mM 5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic) acid resulted in a 6-fold decrease of the rate of abortive elongation. Determination of the steady state kinetic constants associated with UpApU synthesis disclosed that the disulfide and sulfhydryl reagents mainly affected the rate of UpApU release from the ternary transcription complexes and therefore influenced the stability of such complexes.
Analysis of Optically Controlled Microwave/Millimeter Wave Device Structures (2005)

The light-induced voltage and the change in the source-to-drain channel current under optical illumination higher than the semiconductor bandgap for GaAs MESFET, InP MESFET, A1/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/As/GaAs high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) and GaAs permeable base transistor (PBT) were analytically obtained. The GaAs PBT and GaAs MESFET have much higher sensitivity than InP MESFET. The A1/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/As/GaAs HEMT is observed to have the highest sensitivity. Variation in device parasitic due to optical illumination and its effect on the cutoff frequencies f/sub T/ and f/sub max/ are also investigated.
Standing and Spending - The Role of Legal and Equitable Principles (2001)

The stated purpose of this Conference is to examine the proper scope of the spending power: “The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, and to pay the Debts and to provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States.” My assignment is to track the relationship, if any, between the expansion of the spending power and the articulation of the standing doctrine as a principle of American Constitutional law. The connection, between the two, displays at least historical intimacy. The rise of modern standing doctrine in American Constitutional Law can be traced with some precision to Justice Sutherland’s opinion for a unanimous Supreme Court in Massachusetts v. Mellon, and its companion case of Frothingham v. Mellon.
PauA: a novel plasminogen activator from<i>Streptococcus uberis</i> (1999)

Chromosomal DNA from two geographically distinct isolates of Streptococcus uberis was used to clone the plasminogen activator in an active form in Escherichia coli. The cloned fragments from each strain contained four potential open reading frames (ORFs). That for the plasminogen activator encoded a protein of 286 amino acids (33.4 kDa) which is cleaved between residues 25 and 26 during secretion by S. uberis. The amino acid sequence of the mature protein showed only weak homology (23.5-28%) to streptokinase. The plasminogen activator gene, pauA, in S. uberis was located between two ORFs with high homology to the DNA mismatch repair genes, hexA and hexB, and not on a DNA fragment between the genes encoding an ATP binding cassette transporter protein (abc) and a protein involved in the formation and degradation of guanosine polyphosphates (rel) as is the case for streptokinase in other streptococci.
Numerical Simulation of TLP Bonding Process of 20 Steel Tubes (2012)

Finite element numerical dynamic simulation of the TLP bonding process of 20 steel tubes was conducted using ANSYS, finite element analysis software. The results show that there is a sharp decline in the performance of the joint and the neighboring parent material during the initial cooling stage in the transitional phase diffusion bonding process. When the isothermal solidification temperature is increased, the welding deformation becomes more apparent, and the residual stress on both sides of the joint is reduced. Thus, the weak area of TLP bonding can be found near the middle. A reasonable choice of interlayers can relieve stress concentration and increase the TLP bonding joint performance.
OH maser emission in the circumstellar envelopes of U Herculis, R Cassiopeiae and W Hydrae (1994)

MERLIN maps are presented of the OH 1665- and 1667-MHz masers in the circumstellar envelopes of the Mira variables U Her and R Cas, and the semiregular variable W Hya. For U Her, approximately 95 per cent of the OH maser emission comes from a partially filled thick shell, at radii between 50 and 135 au from the star. Across this shell, the logarithmic velocity gradient, |$\varepsilon$|⁠, is in the range |$0\lt \varepsilon \lt 0.3$|⁠. The OH masers of U Her have a core-halo structure. The strongest and most polarized emission occurs from |$\sim 10$| core components with angular sizes |$\lt 0.03$| arcsec. Weaker emission occurs from halo structures with angular sizes |$\lt 1.0$| arcsec. In R Cas, the OH masers have a clumpy distribution with no obvious centre of symmetry. The circumstellar envelope of this source may be partially disrupted by a binary companion star. Three possible envelope geometries are discussed for R Cas. In the preferred model, the masers are located within an incomplete thick shell at a mean radius of |$\lt 110$| au, with a logarithmic velocity gradient in the range |$0 \lt \varepsilon\lt1.0$|⁠. For W Hya, MERLIN detected only the stronger emission from the front of the envelope, with a maximum detected OH extent of 60 au. For all three sources, the locations of the OH masers are consistent with standard models for the excitation of mainline OH, and with the estimated infrared mass-loss rates. We suggest that stellar mass loss from type I sources is intrinsically chaotic and clumpy.
Spectra of Some Rare Earth Vanadates (1968)

Spectra of some rare earth activated phosphors, where may be Y, Gd, or La, are presented. The most efficient phosphors, particularly in the matrix, are those activated by Sm+3, Eu+3, and Dy+3. It is shown that has an output efficiency comparable to commercial phosphors. , when properly prepared, has an output intensity exceeding that of . The major energy absorption mechanism involves a charge transfer transition within the vanadate matrix from which energy is transferred via an exchange coupling mechanism resulting in excitation of the rare earth centers and subsequent emission of characteristic radiation.
Size control and quantum confinement in Cu2ZnSnS4 nanocrystals (2011)

Starting with metal dithiocarbamate complexes, we synthesize colloidal Cu(2)ZnSnS(4) (CZTS) nanocrystals with diameters ranging from 2 to 7 nm. Structural and Raman scattering data confirm that CZTS is obtained rather than other possible material phases. The optical absorption spectra of nanocrystals with diameters less than 3 nm show a shift to higher energy due to quantum confinement.
Simulation of Temperature Characteristics of InGaP/InGaAs/Ge Triple-Junction Solar Cell under Concentrated Light (2011)

Using an equivalent circuit model, the temperature characteristics of an InGaP/InGaAs/Ge triple-junction solar cell under concentrated light conditions were analyzed in detail. The current–voltage ( I – V ) characteristics of the single-junction solar cells (InGaP, InGaAs, and Ge solar cells) were measured at various temperatures. From the dark I – V characteristics of each single-junction solar cell, the diode parameters and temperature exponents were extracted. The extracted diode parameters and temperature exponents were applied to the equivalent circuit model for the triple-junction solar cell, and the solar-cell performance was calculated. There was good agreement between the measured and calculated I – V characteristics of the triple-junction solar cell at various temperatures under concentrated light conditions.
Neuregulin-1 Attenuates Neointimal Formation following Vascular Injury and Inhibits the Proliferation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (2007)

Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) is expressed in vascular endothelial cells, and its receptors are localized to the underlying smooth muscle cells. However, the role of NRG-1 in vascular function and injury is largely unknown. First, the expression of NRG-1 and its receptors (erbB receptors) was analyzed after balloon injury to the rat carotid artery. NRG-1 and erbB expression levels were low in uninjured vessels; however, NRG-1 and erbB4 were upregulated following injury. We then examined the effect of NRG-1 on neointimal formation following balloon injury. NRG-1 was administered by tail-vein injection prior to injury and every 2 days following injury. Two weeks after injury, NRG-1-treated animals demonstrated a 50% reduction in lesion size compared with controls receiving the vehicle. To examine possible mechanisms for NRG-1 action, we examined its effects on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) function. Rat VSMC cultures were pretreated with NRG-1 for 24 h and then stimulated with platelet-derived growth factor. NRG-1 significantly decreased platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated VSMC proliferation and migration. These findings suggest that NRG-1 may be a novel therapeutic candidate for the treatment of restenosis and atherosclerosis.
Soft sensored grippers in assembly process (2003)

The authors discuss the problem of assembly task realization using soft sensored fingers. Because the object grasped with soft fingers can move with respect to the gripper if an external force is applied, a change in the pressure corresponds to a change in the object position. This property of passive compliance can be very useful in assembly operations. An approach to the realization of an assembly process using soft and sensored grippers is proposed, and the resulting problems are discussed. Experimental results on realization of a simple peg-in-hole assembly task when the proposed control strategy was applied are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Generation of trace amount of acrolein standard gas using reaction gas chromatography. (1983)

A new method for the generation of acrolein standard gas has been described. It is based on the dehydration of glycerol by using potassium hydrogen sulfate as the catalyst. Comparing the results with formerly reported allyl alcohol oxidation method, the present method provides easier and much reproducible means for the preparation in the nanogram range.
Fos-Associated Protein p39 Is the Product of the <i>jun</i> Proto-Oncogene (1988)

The Fos protein complex and several Fos-related antigens (FRA) bind specifically to a sequence element referred to as the HeLa cell activator protein 1 (AP-1) binding site. A combination of structural and immunological comparisons has identified the Fos-associated protein (p39) as the protein product of the jun proto-oncogene (c-Jun). The p39/Jun protein is one of the major polypeptides identified in AP-1 oligonucleotide affinity chromatography extracts of cellular proteins. These preparations of AP-1 also contain Fos and several FRA's. Some of these proteins bind to the AP-1 site directly whereas others, like Fos, appear to bind indirectly via protein-protein interactions. Cell-surface stimulation results in an increase in c-fos and c-jun products. Thus, the products of two protooncogenes (and several related proteins), induced by extracellular stimuli, form a complex that associates with transcriptional control elements containing AP-1 sites, thereby potentially mediating the long-term responses to signals that regulate growth control and development.