gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of bronchoconstrictors in evaluating smooth muscle relaxant activity. (1975)

Several bronchoconstrictor and smooth muscle relaxant agents were studied in a dog preparation (in vivo) and on guinea pig tracheal strips (in vitro). Isoproterenol, isoetharine and N-t-butylnorepinephrine, individually, had similar dose-response curves and ED50 values when tested as antagonists of histamine and carbamylcholine-induced bronchoconstriction in dogs. Diphenhydramine, cyproheptadine, thenyldiamine, atropine and suloxifen each exhibited more selective antagonism. A ratio of anticholinergic and antihistamine ED50s was obtained in dogs and on guinea pig tracheal strips. The rank order correlation coefficient of this ratio for each drug in the two species (rs = 0.93) was highly significant. Dose-responses to smooth muscle relaxant effects of isoproterenol were obtained with several different constrictors and experimental conditions on guinea pig tracheal strips. The choice of a constrictor and experimental conditions was found to affect EC50 values. The influence of resting tension, temperature, season, dibenamine-pretreatment and manner of performing the dose-response was evaluated. Both Ba and carbamylcholine were found to be suitable constricting agents under various conditions, whereas histamine, serotonin, potassium and rubidium had more limitations and eight other inorganic ions were not suitable.
Field studies in sheep with multicomponent clostridial vaccines. (1979)

Two commercially available multicomponent clostridial vaccines were studied under field conditions in sheep. An eight-component vaccine designed for use in an initial dose volume of 5 ml with subsequent injections of 2 ml produced significantly better results than a seven-component vaccine designed for use in a dose volume of 2 ml.
Species Numbers in Bacteria (2005)

A modified biological species definition (BSD), i.e., that bacteria exchange genes within a species, but not usually between species, is shown to apply to bacteria. The formal definition of bacterial species, which is more conservative than the modified BSD, is framed in terms of DNA hybridization. From this I estimate there are a million species of bacteria in 30 grams of rich forest topsoil and propose that there will be at least a billion species worldwide.
Mechanistic studies of intracellular delivery of proteins by cell-penetrating peptides in cyanobacteria (2013)

In summary, we have demonstrated that cyanobacteria use classical endocytosis and macropinocytosis to internalize exogenous GFP and CPP/GFP proteins, respectively. Moreover, the CPP-mediated delivery system is not toxic to cyanobacteria, and can be used to investigate biological processes at the cellular level in this species. These results suggest that both endocytic and macropinocytic pathways can be used for efficient internalization of regular protein and CPP-mediated protein delivery in cyanobacteria, respectively.
Cryogenic Magnetic Gradiometers for Space Applications (1985)

This article proposes the use of superconducting magneticgradiometer, magnetometer sensors based on SQUID technology as sensorsfor space-borne magnetic investigations. The existing state of theart of such sensors is described. Estimates of their performance as spacesensors is made; in particular, it is shown that they will provide magneticdata of improved sensitivity and accuracy over conventional magneticsensors. It is also found that gradiometers of the sensitivity proposedhere will aid in the analytic continuation of field data, will allowseparation of magnetic field temporal variations from field changes dueto flight past fixed magnetic sources, will provide the ability to makemeaningful measurements of fixed anomalies on magnetosphericallyactive days, and will allow increased spatial resolution of magneticsources. The requirements for a high-performance space gradiometersensor are described as well as current progress aimed at achievingsuch a sensor. Satellite system requirements are also addressed. Particularattention is given to magnetic noise sources in the sensor environmentand to the problems associated with reducing this noise to thedesired sensor noise levels.
The mechanism of polysaccharide production from sucrose. 5. Transfer of fructose to C-1 of aldose by levansucrase (1958)

Levansucrase catalyses the reversible transfer of fructose from an aldosyl ,p-fructofuranoside (R fr) to C-1 of free aldose (R-H) (eqn. 1):
Aggregation and Multilevel Design for Systems: Finding Guidelines (2010)

All areas of engineering have a need to find appropriate aggregated outcomes for systems. Issues range from decision problems, “divide-and-conquer” approaches that include aspects of multidisciplinary design optimization and the effects of a division of labor for, perhaps, a design project, the inefficiencies that can accompany multidisciplinary projects involving, say, design, manufacturing, and sales, to the complexities of multiscale design, analysis, and even nanotechnology. But as shown, if the adopted approach (e.g., management choices, divide-and-conquer methodology, modeling of the biology/physics, decision rule, etc.) satisfies particular accepted practices, then certain complexities and inefficiencies must be anticipated. A disturbing corollary is that even should “success” appear to have been achieved with an approach that satisfies these conditions, it need not be as firm as expected. Ways to improve methodologies must avoid the specified conditions.
A project engineering tool to assist in the development and maintenance of project life cycles (2002)

The paper discusses the existing problems in developing and maintaining project life cycles and proposes a tool as a possible solution. This tool is part of an integrated tool set, called Project Engineer, which has been designed to support the maintenance of software projects from a project management perspective. A PC platform is chosen and the user interface is based on Microsoft Windows 3.0. One module is selected for discussion and demonstration of the concept: the Life Cycle Builder. The purpose of this module is to manipulate project life cycles and templates. Project Engineer uses Multiple Document Interface, which is an IBM SAA/CUA standard provided by Microsoft Windows 3.0. It also uses the objects, properties, roles, and relationships (OPRR) based data engine. Each module in Project Engineer is internally independent of the other modules. Coordination among the modules is provided by the OPRR project database engine.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Framework for object migration in federated database systems (2002)

Existing federated database systems (FDBS) provide uniform access to multiple heterogeneous DBS, but do not enable objects to move across the DBS while retaining global identity. To fulfil this requirement of industrial users, we provide a framework incorporating a flexible object migration mechanism into FDBS. It offers different capabilities for "what" and "how" to migrate: (1) different kinds of objects that exist within an FDBS, (2) various migration degrees that determine what data to migrate of an object, and (3) different operation primitives to move, replicate, and copy objects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Joint Manifold Model for Semi-supervised Multi-valued Regression (2007)

Many computer vision tasks may be expressed as the problem of learning a mapping between image space and a parameter space. For example, in human body pose estimation, recent research has directly modelled the mapping from image features ( <b xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</b> ) to joint angles ( <b xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">θ</b> ). Fitting such models requires training data in the form of labelled ( <b xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</b> θ) pairs, from which are learned the conditional densities p( <b xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</b> θ). Inference is then simple: given test image features <b xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</b> , the conditional ( <b xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</b> θ) is immediately computed. However large amounts of training data are required to fit the models, particularly in the case where the spaces are high dimensional. We show how the use of unlabelled data—samples from the marginal distributions p( <b xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</b> ) and p( <b xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">θ</b> )—may be used to improve fitting. This is valuable because it is often significantly easier to obtain unlabelled than labelled samples. We use a Gaussian process latent variable model to learn the mapping from a shared latent low-dimensional manifold to the feature and parameter spaces. This extends existing approaches to (a) use unlabelled data, and (b) represent one-to-many mappings. Experiments on synthetic and real problems demonstrate how the use of unlabelled data improves over existing techniques. In our comparisons, we include existing approaches that are explicitly semi-supervised as well as those which implicitly make use of unlabelled examples.
A New Highly Selective Macrocycle for K+ and Ba2+: Effect of Formation of a Pseudo Second Macroring through Complexation (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Highly Selective Macrocycle for K+ and Ba2+: Effect of Formation of a Pseudo Second Macroring through ComplexationXian Xin Zhang, Andrei V. Bordunov, Jerald S. Bradshaw, N. Kent Dalley, Xiaolan Kou, and Reed M. IzattCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 46, 11507–11511Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00151a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00151a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views294Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Polarized Reflectance Spectroscopy and Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Determination of the Optical Anisotropy of Gallium nitride on Sapphire (1997)

The refractive indices n ⊥ ( E ⊥ c ) and n ∥ ( E ∥ c ) of the hexagonal GaN on sapphire substrates have been determined in the transparent region using the polarized reflection measurements. It is found that the difference in the refractive indices for E ⊥ c and E ∥ c is below 3% over the entire wavelength range measured, and ε ∞ , the high-frequency dielectric constant, is 5.14 for E ⊥ c and 5.31 for E ∥ c . Ellipsometry angles, Δ and Ψ, have been calculated using the results of n ⊥ , n ∥ and the thickness of the film, and an excellent agreement has been obtained between the calculated results and ellipsometric measured data.
Corrosion Inhibition Effect of Carbon Steel in Sea Water by L-Arginine-Zn<sup>2+</sup>System (2014)

The inhibition efficiency of L-Arginine-Zn 2+ system in controlling corrosion of carbon steel in sea water has been evaluated by the weight-loss method. The formulation consisting of 250 ppm of L-Arginine and 25 ppm of Zn 2+ has 91% IE. A synergistic effect exists between L-Arginine and Zn 2+ . Polarization study reveals that the L-Arginine-Zn 2+ system functions as an anodic inhibitor and the formulation controls the anodic reaction predominantly. AC impedance spectra reveal that protective film is formed on the metal surface. Cyclic voltammetry study reveals that the protective film is more compact and stable even in a 3.5% NaCl environment. The nature of the protective film on a metal surface has been analyzed by FTIR, SEM, and AFM analysis.
Synthesis of coumarin–chalcone hybrids and evaluation of their antioxidant and trypanocidal properties (2013)

Based on the observed biological activities of coumarins and chalcones, we have synthesized coumarin–chalcone hybrids with the aim of evaluating their antioxidant properties and trypanocidal activity against Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite responsible for Chagas disease. All derivatives have been proved to be good antioxidants in spite of their moderate trypanocidal activity in the epimastigote stage (clone Dm28c). Based on these results, we can conclude that compounds 4 and 5 are potential candidates for in vitro studies of their antioxidant activity. These preliminary findings encourage us to the future structural optimization of these kinds of compounds.
Color rendering of color camera data (1986)

Conditions under which a computational procedure can be applied to arbitrary camera sensors to permit estimation of the human photoreceptor response are considered. The adopted procedures recover the effective surface reflectance at the time of measurement, and the reflectance estimates depend not only on the surface, but upon the viewing geometry. The present method for color rendering assumes that the observer's state of adaptation at the time of viewing the original and the rendered images is the same. The analysis aids in specifying which classes of surfaces are required to be accurately rendered, and for which surfaces some error can be tolerated.
“Education-based social game”: The new ways of developing educational games (2010)

“Education-based social game” means the social game which has the educational significance. The most difference is that it need a few real friends to participate in the community and experience the activities. The researchers use “happy farms” as the introduction of the Integrated Practice Course of “recognizing common eating plants”. Results reveales that Education-based social game can completely use in the classroom, it not only stimulates the students interests in the classroom, but also makes students realize a lot of useful knowledge in games. In addition, education-based social game also has characteristic of concerning communication within group, cultivating self-study, and low developing cost.
Angelah: a framework for assisting elders at home (2009)

The ever growing percentage of elderly people within modern societies poses welfare systems under relevant stress. In fact, partial and progressive loss of motor, sensorial, and/or cognitive skills renders elders unable to live autonomously, eventually leading to their hospitalization. This results in both relevant emotional and economic costs. Ubiquitous computing technologies can offer interesting opportunities for in-house safety and autonomy. However, existing systems partially address in-house safety requirements and typically focus on only elder monitoring and emergency detection. The paper presents ANGELAH, a middleware-level solution integrating both "elder monitoring and emergency detection" solutions and networking solutions. ANGELAH has two main features: i) it enables efficient integration between a variety of sensors and actuators deployed at home for emergency detection and ii) provides a solid framework for creating and managing rescue teams composed of individuals willing to promptly assist elders in case of emergency situations. A prototype of ANGELAH, designed for a case study for helping elders with vision impairments, is developed and interesting results are obtained from both computer simulations and a real-network testbed.
Airship dynamic modeling for autonomous operation (2002)

We present a comprehensive description of the physical principles of robotic airship operation, along with their dynamic model in a form suited for controller design and computer simulation. Based on the dynamic model, airship response modes are analyzed and control challenges are pointed out. The present work provides a starting point for robotics and control researchers interested in utilizing airships as robotic aerial vehicles.
Isolation and properties of two antifungal substances from Fusarium solani. (1981)

An antagonistic fungus to Valsa ceratosperma was isolated from soil, and identified as Fusarium solani. The fungus was found to produce at least two antifungal substances in stationary culture. These two substances were isolated from their culture filtrate as chromatographically homogeneous, amorphous solids. Their examined physico-chemical properties appeared to be identical with cyclosporin A and C, obtained from the fermentation broth of Trichoderma polysporum, and they showed a pronounced inhibitory effect on growth of V. ceratosperma.
A Pilot for a Robotic Vehicle System (1986)

The role of an automatic pilot in an autonomous land vehicle system is to guide the vehicle along its mission path, while at the same time avoiding unexpected obstacles. We demonstrate an algorithm that accomplishes this task in real-time with the capability to generate vehicle guidance commands every 60 milliseconds. Many aspects of obstacle avoidance and path following can be shown to depend only on the current snapshots of the local work space with only a few global parameters needed. The algorithm works by finding conical-shaped usable subsets of the local work space and is motivated by the heuristic requirement of staying in sensor view of the subgoal. Our approach allows for vehicle dynamics which is often neglected in other approaches and yields smooth paths. The problem of traps inherent in potential field approaches is avoided by introducing a winding angle principle. Before field testing, the performance of the pilot was evaluated by the computer simulation of a 10-ton tracked vehicle. During recent field tests, the pilot was successful in guiding an M113 armored personnel carrier around obstacles while staying inside the path corridor.
Biocompatible Hybrid Nanomaterials Involving Polymers and Hydrogels Interfaced with Phosphorescent Complexes and Toxin-Free Metallic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications (2011)

The major topics discussed are all relevant to interfacing brightly phosphorescent and non-luminescent coinage metal complexes of [Ag(I) and Au(I)] with biopolymers and thermoresponsive gels for making hybrid nanomaterials with an explanation on syntheses, characterization and their significance in biomedical fields. Experimental results and ongoing work on determining outreaching consequences of these hybrid nanomaterials for various biomedical applications like cancer therapy, bio-imaging and antibacterial abilities are described. In vitro and in vivo studies have been performed on majority of the discussed hybrid nanomaterials and determined that the cytotoxicity or antibacterial activity are comparatively superior when compared to analogues in literature. Consequential differences are noticed in photoluminescence enhancement from hybrid phosphorescent hydrogels, phosphorescent complex ability to physically crosslink, Au(I) sulfides tendency to form NIR (near-infrared) absorbing AuNPs compared to any similar work in literature. Syntheses of these hybrid nanomaterials has been thoroughly investigated and it is determined that either metallic nanoparticles syntheses or syntheses of phosphorescent hydrogels can be carried in single step without involving any hazardous reducing agents or crosslinkers or stabilizers that are commonly employed during multiple step syntheses protocols for syntheses of similar materials in literature. These astounding results that have been discovered within studies of hybrid nanomaterials are an asset to applications ranging from materials development to health science and will have striking effect on environmental and green chemistry approaches.
Important aspects of long-term stability. (1997)

here is a consensus in the profession that the long-term results reported by the Seattle group constitute the gold standard for stability of traditional edgewise orthodontics. For more than 35 years, members of the Department of Orthodontics at the University of Washington have collected diagnostic records of more than 600 patients, a decade or more after the completion of orthodontic treatment.
Meshless voronoi on the GPU (2018)

We propose a GPU algorithm that computes a 3 D Voronoi diagram. Our algorithm is tailored for applications that solely make use of the geometry of the Voronoi cells, such as Lloyd's relaxation used in meshing, or some numerical schemes used in fluid simulations and astrophysics. Since these applications only require the geometry of the Voronoi cells, they do not need the combinatorial mesh data structure computed by the classical algorithms (Bowyer-Watson). Thus, by exploiting the specific spatial distribution of the point-sets used in this type of applications, our algorithm computes each cell independently, in parallel, based on its nearest neighbors. In addition, we show how to compute integrals over the Voronoi cells by decomposing them on the fly into tetrahedra, without needing to compute any global combinatorial information. The advantages of our algorithm is that it is fast, very simple to implement, has constant memory usage per thread and does not need any synchronization primitive. These specificities make it particularly efficient on the GPU: it gains one order of magnitude as compared to the fastest state-of-the-art multi-core CPU implementations. To ease the reproducibility of our results, the full documented source code is included in the supplemental material.
Radical Reactions of a Stable <i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Germylene:  EPR Study and DFT Calculation (2005)

The first radical adducts of a stable N-heterocyclic germylene were investigated. Novel radical species were produced from a variety of precursors and studied by EPR spectroscopy. DFT (B3LYP) calculations of radical adducts of different (C, Si, Ge) unsaturated N-heterocyclic divalent species with phenoxyl radical show that in the radicals studied the unpaired electron is delocalized over the five-membered ring and the spin density on the central atoms decreases in the following order: C > Si > Ge. These trends can be understood in terms of zwitterionic structure of radical adducts.
Ultrafast shallow-buried-channel CCD's with built-in drift fields (1991)

The delay lines are operated with 5-V two-phase clocks, and a potential gradient is permanently built into the storage gates by a step implant in order to improve the charge transfer efficiency (CTE) at high clocking rates. The charge coupled devices (CCDs) with built-in drift fields were tested up to the 325-MHz limit of the existing clock drivers with no degradation in the CTE(>0.99996), while the equivalent CCDs with uniformly doped storage wells degrade rapidly above 240 MHz. These results are consistent with two-dimensional computer simulations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>