gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Understanding the molecular mechanism of dominant negative action of mutant thyroid hormone beta 1-receptors: the important role of the wild-type/mutant receptor heterodimer. (1996)

The clinical manifestations of patients with resistance to thyroid hormone result from inhibition of the functions of wild-type thyroid hormone receptors (wTRs) by the dominant negative effect of mutant TR beta 1 receptors (mTR beta 1). One of the proposed mechanisms by which mTR beta 1 exerts its dominant negative action is via formation of the putative inactive wTR beta 1/mTR beta 1 heterodimer. However, the nature of the wTR beta 1/mTR beta 1 heterodimer is poorly understood. The present study characterizes the wTR beta 1/mTR beta 1 heterodimer by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The mutant TR beta 1 used was PV, which contains a frame shift mutation in the C-terminal part of TR beta 1 and has less than 1% of the T3 binding affinity of the wTR beta 1. Because of the difficulty in resolving wTR beta 1 and mutant PV dimers, we used a truncated wTR beta 1 in which the A/B domain was deleted (delta TR beta 1) to demonstrate the formation of the heterodimer on thyroid hormone response elements (TREs) in which the half-site binding motifs are oriented in an inverted repeat (F2), a direct repeat separated by four nucleotides (DR4), or an inverted repeat (Pal). Deletion of the A/B domain had no effect on the binding of T3 and TREs to wTR beta 1. In the presence of equal amounts of delta TR beta 1 and PV, three types of molecular complexes. delta TR beta 1 homodimer, delta TR beta 1/PV heterodimer, and PV homodimer bound to each TRE in a ratio of approximately 1:2:1. The identities of these complexes were confirmed by their ability to be supershifted by anti-TR beta 1 and/or anti-PV antibodies. delta TR beta 1/PV heterodimer formation varied with different TREs. The ratio of apparent affinity constant (Ka) in the binding of delta TR beta 1/PV to TREs was F2:DR4:Pal = approximately 6:2:1. The effect of T3 on delta TR beta 1/PV heterodimer formation was TRE dependent. No T3-induced dissociation was observed for the delta TR beta 1/PV heterodimer when bound to F2 and Pal. In contrast, the delta TR beta 1/PV heterodimer bound to DR4 was dissociated by T3 with an ED50 of 3.9 +/- 0.9 nM. The T3-induced dissociation of delta TR beta 1 homodimer bound to F2, DR4, and Pal had ED50 values of 4.1 +/- 1.2, 1.3 +/- 0.3, and more than 100 nM, respectively. By transfection assays, the dominant negative action of PV was found to be TRE dependent with the rank order of F2 >> Pal > ME (a DR4-like TRE in the rat malic enzyme gene). Taken together, these results indicate a strong correlation between wTR beta 1/mTR beta 1 heterodimer formation and the dominant negative potency of PV. These results suggest that the wTR beta 1/mTR beta 1 heterodimer could play an important role in the dominant negative action of mTR beta 1.
Intra-Arterial Occlusion in Vascular Surgery (1970)

From the Veterans Administration Hospital, Surgical Service and Laboratory Service; and the University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Department of Surgery and Department of Pathology, Memphis, Tennessee
Image deblurring using robust sparsity priors (2015)

In this paper, we propose a robust method to remove motion blur from a single photograph. We find that an inaccurate kernel and an unreliable final latent image reconstruction method are two main factors leading to low-quality restored images. To improve image quality, we do the following technical contributions. For robust blur kernel estimation, first, an edge mask and a smooth constraint are used to provide reliable intermediate latent images for salient structure extraction; second, we adopt an effective salient structure selection method to remove detrimental edges for kernel estimation; third, we use a gradient sparsity prior to remove kernel noise and ensure the continuity of blur kernels. For final latent image reconstruction, we combine the merits of both the TV-l <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> model and the hyper-Laplacian model to preserve tiny details and eliminate noise. Experimental results on synthetically blurred images and real photographs demonstrate that the proposed algorithm performs better than state-of-the-art approaches.
The high energy behavior of the forward scattering parameters -- {sigma}{sub tot}, {rho}, and B (1994)

Utilizing the most recent experimental data, the authors reanalyze high energy {anti p}p and pp data, using, two distinct (and dissimilar) analysis techniques: (1) asymptotic amplitude analysis, under the assumption that they have reached ``asymptopia``, and (2) an eikonal model whose amplitudes are designed to mimic real QCD amplitudes. The former gives strong evidence for a log(s/s{sub o}) dependence at current energies and not log{sup 2}(s/s{sub o}), and demonstrates that odderons are not necessary to explain the experimental data. The latter gives a unitary model for extrapolation into true ``asymptopia`` from current energies, allowing the authors to predict the values of the total cross section at future supercolliders. Using the QCD-model, they obtain {sigma}{sub tot}(16 TeV) = 109 {+-} 4mb and {sigma}{sub tot}(40 TeV) = 124 {+-} 4 mb.
Macaque-human differences in SARS-CoV-2 Spike antibody response elicited by vaccination or infection (2021)

Macaques are a commonly used model for studying immunity to human viruses, including for studies of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. However, it is unknown whether macaque antibody responses recapitulate, and thus appropriately model, the response in humans. To answer this question, we employed a phage-based deep mutational scanning approach (Phage-DMS) to compare which linear epitopes are targeted on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein in humans and macaques following either vaccination or infection. We also used Phage-DMS to determine antibody escape pathways within each epitope, enabling a granular comparison of antibody binding specificities at the locus level. Overall, we identified some common epitope targets in both macaques and humans, including in the fusion peptide (FP) and stem helix-heptad repeat 2 (SH-H) regions. Differences between groups included a response to epitopes in the N-terminal domain (NTD) and C-terminal domain (CTD) in vaccinated humans but not vaccinated macaques, as well as recognition of a CTD epitope and epitopes flanking the FP in convalescent macaques but not convalescent humans. There was also considerable variability in the escape pathways among individuals within each group. Sera from convalescent macaques showed the least variability in escape overall and converged on a common response with vaccinated humans in the SH-H epitope region, suggesting highly similar antibodies were elicited. Collectively, these findings suggest that the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in macaques shares many features with humans, but with substantial differences in the recognition of certain epitopes and considerable individual variability in antibody escape profiles, suggesting a diverse repertoire of antibodies that can respond to major epitopes in both humans and macaques.
Ruminal Changes after Overfeeding with Wheat and the Effect of Intraruminal Inoculation on Adaptation to a Ration Containing Wheat (1964)

Eight lambs were fed cracked wheat through ruminal fistulas. Four of these were inoculated intraruminally with ruminal contents from sheep that had been adapted to a diet containing wheat. The inoculated lambs did not become sick, while three of four lambs that were not inoculated exhibited symptoms typical of overeating indigestion. In another experiment a sheep that was inoculated with ruminal ingesta from a wheat-adapted sheep did not get sick after wheat was fed while, a sheep that was not inoculated became sick. A subsequent experiment with these two sheep indicated that animal differences may have influenced the results. Thus, it is probable that animal as well as microbial factors are active in regulating tolerance or adaptation to a changed ration. The results obtained support the premise that a change in ruminal microbial population in response to a changed ration is an important factor influencing tolerance and adaptation to a new ration. Furthermore, the rate of adaptation to a new ration may be accelerated by intraruminal inoculation with ruminal material from an animal adapted to that ration.
The Photochemistry of Organometallic Compounds of Germanium and Lead (2009)

Abstract Introduction Metal Alkyl Compounds Allyl‐Substituted Compounds Phenyl and Aromatic Systems Multihaptic Systems Metalloketones Amides, Azides and Diazo Compounds Heterocyclic Systems Metal–Metal Bonded Species Heterometallic Systems Mercuric Systems
The Nuclear Actin-Related Protein ARP6 Is a Pleiotropic Developmental Regulator Required for the Maintenance of<i>FLOWERING LOCUS C</i>Expression and Repression of Flowering in<i>Arabidopsis</i> w (2005)

Actin-related proteins (ARPs) are found in the nuclei of all eukaryotic cells, but their functions are generally understood only in the context of their presence in various yeast and animal chromatin-modifying complexes. Arabidopsis thaliana ARP6 is a clear homolog of other eukaryotic ARP6s, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae ARP6, which was identified as a component of the SWR1 chromatin remodeling complex. We examined the subcellular localization, expression patterns, and loss-of-function phenotypes for this protein and found that Arabidopsis ARP6 is localized to the nucleus during interphase but dispersed away from the chromosomes during cell division. ARP6 expression was observed in all vegetative tissues as well as in a subset of reproductive tissues. Null mutations in ARP6 caused numerous defects, including altered development of the leaf, inflorescence, and flower as well as reduced female fertility and early flowering in both long- and short-day photoperiods. The early flowering of arp6 mutants was associated with reduced expression of the central floral repressor gene FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) as well as MADS AFFECTING FLOWERING 4 (MAF4) and MAF5. In addition, arp6 mutations suppress the FLC-mediated late flowering of a FRIGIDA-expressing line, indicating that ARP6 is required for the activation of FLC expression to levels that inhibit flowering. These results indicate that ARP6 acts in the nucleus to regulate plant development, and we propose that it does so through modulation of chromatin structure and the control of gene expression.
The use of matrix converters in direct torque control of induction machines (2001)

In this paper, a new control method for matrix converters is proposed which allows, under the constraint of unity input power factor, the generation of the voltage vectors required to implement the direct torque control (DTC) of induction machines. Using this control method, it is possible to combine the advantages of matrix converters with the advantages of the DTC schemes. Some numerical simulations are carried out, showing the effectiveness of the proposed method in steady-state and transient conditions. Some experimental tests were also carried out demonstrating the practical feasibility of this control scheme.
Study on the Formation and Properties of Liquid Crystal Emulsion in Cosmetic (2013)

In this paper, the formation of liquid crystal structure in preparation of emulsion and the change of those liquid crystal structures during storage and usage were studied. Besides, the rheological and moisturizing property of the liquid crystal structure emulsion was investigated as well. The results show that the liquid crystal structure at oil-water interface in the emulsion forms gradually with cooling process after homogenization. The liquid crystal structure doesn’t change significantly during the storage within 12 months. And after emulsion being stored for 18 months, the crystal structure starts to decompose. Upon application on the skin, the liquid crystal structure of emulsion was found to transform into other form with rubbing, although the liquid crystal structure still remains. The rheological data shows that liquid crystal emulsion exhibits solid-like (elastic) property during storage, which is favorable for good stability. On the other hand, liquid crystal emulsion shows typical shear-thinning property upon usage, which leads to an excellent skin sensory feeling. And the improved moisturizing properties of such emulsion may be attributed to the liquid crystal structure.
Flow visualization of vorticity cancellation of jets in crossflow (1995)

Spelling ability and performance of students from the private and public schools are not similar in the fourth and sixth grades, but it is in the fifth grade. Spelling errors are gradually overcome as education progresses; however, this overcome rate was considerable between the fourth and fifth grades in the public schools. Decrease in the types of spelling errors follows a hierarchy of categories: phoneme/grapheme conversion, simple contextual rules, complex contextual rules, and language irregularities. Finally, the most common type of spelling error found was that related to language irregularities.
Pleiotrophin and midkine, a family of mitogenic and angiogenic heparin–binding growth and differentiation factors (1999)

The heparin-binding polypeptide homologs pleiotrophin and midkine are the only known members of a family of secreted growth/differentiation cytokines. Pleiotrophin and midkine are both developmentally regulated and highly conserved among species. They signal a number of physiological functions involved with angiogenesis, neuorogenesis, cell migration, and mesoderm-epithelial interactions. Constitutive expression of pleiotrophin and midkine in responsive cells support their role as "tumor growth factors" and positive regulators of tumor angiogenesis. Widespread deregulation of pleiotrophin and midkine is found in many known human cancers or their derived cell lines, and the molecular targeting of pleiotrophin to block its signaling in tumor cells has limited tumor growth and metastasis in animal models. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of pleiotrophin and midkine action in tumorgenesis and tumor angiogenesis may lead to the identification of novel targets for tumor therapy.
Preformed tobacco-specific nitrosamines in tobacco—role of nitrate and influence of tobacco type (1989)

Fifty-five types of commercial cigarettes on the open market in the FRG and several samples of pure tobacco types were analyzed for preformed tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA) and nitrate in the tobacco. For the cigarette tobaccos the observed range for N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) was 50-5316 ng/cigarette and for 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) from not detected (less than 50 ng/cigarette) to 1120 ng/cigarette. Nitrate levels ranged from 0.6 to 14.4 mg/cigarette. The highest TSNA values were obtained for cigarettes made of dark tobaccos and the lowest for Oriental type cigarettes. The results demonstrated that there is a correlation between TSNA and nitrate levels. The tobacco type is another important influencing factor, especially for NNK. In Virginia tobaccos unexpectedly high NNK values were observed. For the samples of the pure tobacco types, NNN levels ranged from 20 to 8850 p.p.b. and NNK levels from not detected (less than 50 p.p.b.) to 1400 p.p.b. The observed range for nitrate was from traces (less than 0.005%) to 4.1%. Pure Oriental tobaccos which are low in nitrate showed the lowest TSNA concentrations. In the high nitrate Burley tobaccos the highest TSNA concentrations could be determined. Virginia tobaccos which show a low nitrate content are low in NNN but rather high NNK concentrations were found. The results from these pure tobacco types demonstrate that the nitrate content of the tobacco has a great influence on the TSNA level. However, Virginia tobaccos show higher NNK concentrations than expected according to their low nitrate content.
Development and Testing of a Metabolic Workload Measuring System for Space Suits (2007)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Real time knowledge of the metabolic workload of an astronaut during an Extra-Vehicular Activity (EVA) can be instrumental for space suit research, design, and operation. Three indirect calorimetry approaches were developed to determine the metabolic workload of a subject in an open-loop space suit analogue. A study was conducted to compare the data obtained from three sensors: oxygen, carbon dioxide, and heart rate. Subjects performed treadmill exercise in an enclosed helmet assembly, which simulated the contained environment of a space suit while retaining arm and leg mobility. These results were validated against a standard system used by exercise physiologists. The carbon dioxide sensor method was shown to be the most reliable and a calibrated version of it will be integrated into the MX-2 neutral buoyancy space suit analogue.</div>
[Detection of constitutional types of EEG using the orthogonal decomposition method]. (1987)

The authors present an algorithm of investigation into the processes of brain bioelectrical activity with the help of an orthogonal decomposition device intended for the identification of constitutional types of EEGs. The method has helped to effectively solve the task of the diagnosis of constitutional types of EEGs, which are determined by a variable degree of hereditary predisposition for longevity or cerebral stroke.
Evaluation of Anti-oxidative Activities of South African Herbal Tea and Grape Seed Extracts (2005)

Anti-oxidative activity in South African herbal tea, Rooibos (red bush in English, Asparathus linearis) tea extract (RTE) and grape seed extracts (Procidyn:Pro and Gravinol:Gra) was evaluated based on that in mixed tocopherol (Toc), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and propyl gallate (PG). Polyphenol content in RTE, Pro, and Gra was determined to be 17, 90, and 49%, respectively in term of EGCG. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability of RTE, Pro, Gra, EGCG, PG, and Toc given as 3.29, 6.58, 2.86, 9.98, 4.26, and 1.00 per unit polyphenol content, respectively. Anti-oxidative ability in RTE, Pro, Gra, EGCG, PG, and Toc was determined by adding different amounts as 500ppm polyphenol to be present in the substrate of methyl linoleate in the non-aqueous and O/W emulsifying systems. Anti-oxidative activity was found to follow the order, ControlTocRTEProGraEGCG PG in the non-aqueous system and EGCGControlGraProTocPGRTE in the emulsifying system. Intensity of synergistic effects of ascorbic acid (AA), citric acid (CA) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) for RTE followed the order, ControlRTERTEAA RTECARTEPE in the two systms. Main component present in RTE was indicated by TLC and IR to be rutin.
Biochemical properties of the eosinophil cationic protein and demonstration of its biosynthesis in vitro in marrow cells from patients with an eosinophilia (1986)

The eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), which has been shown to be secreted both in vitro and in vivo, is a cytotoxic unique constituent of eosinophil granules. To increase the understanding of the mechanisms behind the role of the eosinophil as a cytotoxic effector in disease, a detailed biochemical characterization of ECP was performed. A considerable molecular heterogeneity was revealed when purified ECP was eluted isocratically from a high-resolution cation exchange resin; the separation, reproducibly achieved, of five components was probably due to hydrophobic interaction with the resin. These polypeptides, which reacted quantitatively with anti-ECP antiserum, showed molecular weights (mol wt) of 19,500 and 16,700 and showed almost identical amino acid compositions. The amino-terminal sequence for one of the polypeptides was (in the standard one-letter code) (R-P-X-Q-F-T-R-A-Q-W- F-A-I-Q-H-I-S-L-N-P-R-R-C-T-I-A-M-R-A-I-N-N-Y-). The biosynthesis of ECP was demonstrated in marrow cells from patients with eosinophilia using labeling with (14C)-leucine, followed by immunoprecipitation with anti-ECP, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and fluorography for visualization of labeled ECP. Biosynthesis was demonstrated of mol wt 22,000 ECP, which may represent precursor ECP, since with time some of it was processed into ECP with a mol wt of 18,000 to 19,000. Monensin, a proton ionophore, blocked the processing of mol wt 22,000 ECP. This study shows that ECP consists of a family of similar polypeptides. These may, however, have different biological activities.
Difference frequency generation laser based spectrometers (2008)

Abstract Tunable mid‐infrared laser sources are the key to precision optical trace gas detection. Difference‐frequency generation (DFG) based laser sources are among a few practical laser sources that have demonstrated ultra‐high detection sensitivities during real‐world applications when combined with appropriate signal enhancing and noise reduction spectroscopic techniques. This article will discuss the technical approaches, illustrate application examples of DFG sources, and offer perspectives to competing technologies.
Syntheses in the Colchicine Field (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses in the Colchicine FieldK. I. H. Williams, S. E. Cremer, F. W. Kent, E. J. Sehm, and D. S. TarbellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 15, 3982–3988Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01500a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01500a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views434Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Maximum torque control of stator flux-oriented induction machine drive in the field weakening region (2002)

In a conventional stator flux-oriented (SFO) induction machine drive system, the field weakening method is to vary the stator flux reference in proportion to the inverse of the rotor speed. This paper investigates that the maximum torque capability cannot be obtained in a conventional SFO system. This paper proposes a new selection method of flux reference to obtain maximum torque capability in the field weakening region by considering voltage, torque, and current limits. The proposed method is verified by simulation and experiment with a 3-hp induction motor drive.
Split-Bolus Single-Pass Multidetector-Row CT Protocol for Diagnosis of Acute Pulmonary Embolism (2015)

MDCT split-bolus technique by simultaneous opacification of pulmonary arteries and veins represents an accurate technique for diagnosis of acute PE, removes the false filling defects of the pulmonary veins, and reduces flow related artifacts.