gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunological approaches to the transmembrane topology and conformational changes of the carboxyl-terminal regulatory domain of yeast plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase. (1991)

Molecular genetic experiments have suggested that the carboxyl terminus of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase is an inhibitory domain involved in the "in vivo" regulation of the enzyme by glucose metabolism. An antibody prepared against a fusion protein including the last 59 amino acids of the ATPase sequence has been affinity purified to yield a preparation which requires the 18 carboxyl-terminal amino acids for recognition. Antibody binding experiments show that the carboxyl-terminal domain of the ATPase can be selectively exposed by concentrations of the detergent Tween-20 which do not break down the permeability barrier of the plasma membrane to the antibody. Both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence analysis demonstrate that the accessibility of the carboxyl-terminal domain in isolated plasma membranes depends on the physiological state of the cell being increased by glucose metabolism. Immunofluorescence analysis of isolated plasma membrane vesicles, using a dual labeling protocol with concanavalin A and antibody to reveal the orientation of individual vesicles, and colloidal gold immunoelectron microscopy of ultrathin cryosections of whole yeast cells separately demonstrate that the ATPase carboxyl terminus is located in the cytoplasmic compartment. The application of a mutant deleted of the epitope(s) recognized by the affinity purified carboxyl-terminal antibody eliminates the possibility of artifacts arising from nonspecific antibody binding. The accessibility properties and cytoplasmic location of the carboxyl-terminal domain appear to be consistent with its role as a negative regulator of the ATPase.
Viroid replication: equilibrium association constant and comparative activity measurements for the viroid-polymerase interaction (1984)

The binding and replication of purified potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV) by DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II from wheat germ was studied in analytical ultracentrifugation experiments and in vitro transcription assays. The equilibrium association constant for the viroid-polymerase interaction is 1.9 X 10(7) M-1. Both ultraviolet and fluorescent monitoring during the sedimentation experiments showed two distinguishable viroid-polymerase complexes. These are interpreted as resulting from a 1:1 and 2:1 enzyme-to-viroid binding stoichiometry. A265/A280 ratios across the sedimenting boundaries, the sedimentation velocity of the complexes, as well as electron microscopic data support this interpretation. The role of viroid secondary structure in enzyme binding and polymerization is discussed in the light of these results and compared with binding and polymerization data for virusoid RNA, single- and double-stranded RNA, and double-stranded DNA.
Sensing Tilt With MEMS Accelerometers (2006)

A miniature tilt sensor made of standard microelectromechanical systems accelerometers and with an accuracy of 0.3deg over the full measurement range of pitch and roll is presented. Such sensor performance has been achieved, owing to the application of an original method of determining tilt angles, which is described in this paper. Experimental studies performed on a physical model of the sensor are discussed, and ways on improving the performance of the sensor are briefly introduced
MOS materials (1990)

The materials most commonly used to make a metal-oxide-semiconductor device, namely Si, SiO/sub 2/ and Al, are discussed, focusing on what makes them so useful. The characteristics of the materials are described, and the ways in which these characteristics are used, and if necessary modified are indicated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dipole moments of some N-phenyl-substituted derivatives of pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, and thiomorpholine (1984)

Apparent dipole moments in benzene of various p-substituted N-phenyl derivatives of pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, and thiomorpholine and of some analogous NN-diethylanilines have been determined.Vector moments along the bisector of angle CH2[graphic omitted]CH2 and also in the direction of the major axis of the aromatic ring have been calculated for the parent compounds. The order of magnitude of the latter is N-phenylpyrrolidine > NN-diethylaniline > N-phenylpiperidine > N-phenylmorpholine > N-phenyl-thiomorpholine. The nature of the heterocycle does not greatly affect the additional moments, µ(add.), along the major axis of the aromatic ring, required to account for the moments of the p-substituted compounds. In each series of compounds, µ(add) parallels the Hammett substituent constant, σ.
Clinical Issues in the Management of Early Lung Cancer (2005)

Lung cancer is commonly diagnosed after metastatic spread, when therapies are rarely curative, providing an impetus for continued research directed at exploring approaches for cost-effective early lung cancer detection. Recently published pilot studies across three continents support a benefit of spiral computed tomography (CT) in detecting earlier stage non-small cell lung cancer. Improved resolution of early lung cancer is a result of significant changes in CT imaging hardware and software. The status and implications of these developments are reviewed. Many aspects of the management of screening for early lung cancer could be informed by optimizing the downstream clinical management of potential lung cancers identified by CT screening. The first and most critical issue is whether or not this improved detection rate is clearly associated with a reduction in lung cancer-related mortality. However, other related issues such as cost-benefit evaluations are also considered. If smaller, truly localized primary cancer can be routinely detected, then options for less morbid interventions would also be desirable. The rapid improvement in resolution and cost of spiral CT has provided a powerful impetus to reconsider the possibilities for achieving safe, economical, and meaningful early lung cancer detection.
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome and Vero Cytotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli Infection in Italy (1992)

In a 3-year prospective study, 49 Italian children with the hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) were examined for evidence of infection with Vero cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC). Diagnosis of infection was established in 37 patients (75.5%) by the combined use of stool examination for VTEC and for free fecal neutralizable Vero cytotoxin and serum analysis for antibodies to the Vero toxins and the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of three major VTEC serogroups (O157, O26, O111). Anti-LPS antibodies were detected in sera from 30 patients: 25 had antibody to O157 LPS, 4 to O26, and 1 to O111. In as many as 27 patients (55.1%), diagnosis of infection relied only on serologic findings, and the presence of antibody to LPS was the sole evidence of VTEC infection in 20 patients (40.8%). The use of LPS from different E. coli serogroups provided evidence that in Italy O157 strains are the most prevalent VTEC involved in HUS.
Technologies in High-Power Laser Diode Arrays. (2000)

This paper reviews techniques to improve the optical output power density and reliability of high-power laser diode arrays. Architecture and performance of monolithic laser diode (LD) bars and LD stacks are described. In addition, packaging and cooling technologies which are essential to LD stacks with high average power densities are discussed.
Synthesis of low power folded programmable coefficient FIR digital filters (2002)

A novel low-power synthesis technique is presented for the design of folded or time-multiplexed programmable-coefficient FIR filters where storage area is traded-off for lowering power consumption. A systematic technique is developed for low power mapping of FIR filters to architectures with arbitrary number of multipliers and adders. Power consumed in multipliers is reduced by reducing switching activity at both the data-in as well as the coefficient input. Common input operands can be exposed unfolding, which, however leads to a memory Increase. Simulation are obtained for folding 65 and 129 tap bandpass FIR filters. The average power consumed in a multiplier for a fixed number of hardware multipliers with varying unfolding factors is compared. It is observed that most of the gains due to unfolding are obtained for relatively small unfolding factors and therefore for relatively small memory area overhead. Depending on the unfolding factor employed the average power consumed in a multiplier is seen to reduce anywhere from 54.75% to 81.73% when transpose FIR filters are synthesized as opposed to synthesizing direct-form FIR filters with no unfolding.
The effect of metal cluster coatings on carbon nanotubes (2005)

The electrical transport and chemical sensing properties of single-walled carbon nanotube field effect transistors (SWNT-FETs) coated with metal clusters have been investigated. The source-drain current passing through an SWNT-FET coated with Pd nanoparticles showed no change over a range of gate voltages. Nevertheless, the magnitude of the current was still sensitive towards NO 2, NH3 and H2 exposure. The Pd nanoparticles coating on the nanotube generated hole carriers, which either became diluted upon NH3 or H2 adsorption, or enhanced upon NO2 adsorption. Unlike the ohmic behaviour demonstrated by SWNT-FETs coated with Pd nanoparticles, the transfer characteristics of SWNT-FETs coated with Al nanoparticles revealed Schottky barrier formations at the metal-nanotube contacts. Here, the conductance through the nanotube decreased, while the device sensitivity towards NO2 and NH3 gases improved greatly. We suggest that coating SWNT-FETs with metal nanoparticles could be exploited for the development of highly sensitive nanotube-based molecular sensors.
Fabrication of Thin Film Metallic Glasses and Their Properties. (2001)

Owing to their mechanical isotropy, structural homogeneity and good formability for three-dimensional micro structure, thin film metallic glasses (TFMGs) are considered to be one of ideal materials for micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). However the physical properties of thin film metallic glasses have not yet examined sufficiently. In this paper, physical properties of two kinds of TFMGs; Zr-based (Zr75Cu19Al6, atomic %) and Pd-based (Pd76Cu7Si17), were examined to provide an important guide for the analysis and design of their MEMS applications. The TFMGs were fabricated using RF-magnetron sputtering system. Firstly, an influence of sputtering condition on amorphicity and toughness were examined. Secondly, amorphicity, composition and supercooled liquid region of the as-sputtered TFMGs were verified. Thirdly, the thermal, chemical, mechanical and electrical properties of the TFMGs were experimentally examined. Finally, an influence of annealing of the Pd based TFMG on its Young's modulus was clarified. As a result of this study, it became clear that the TFMGs are suitable for elastic MEMS.
Kindheit, Jugend und Studienjahre (1983)

ZusammenfassungStadt und Universität Wittenberg hatten in der Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts längst nicht mehr die Bedeutung, die sie zweihundert Jahre früher einmal besessen hatten; die Studentenzahl lag trotzdem immer noch über dem Durchschnitt der deutschen Universitäten. Die Stadt mit etwa 5 000 Einwohnern beherbergte fast 800 Studenten. Der Siebenjährige Krieg brachte jedoch einen Tiefpunkt. Die Studentenzahl sank unter 400, und die Stadt erlitt in den Kampfhandlungen schwere Zerstörungen. Nach diesen Zeiten des Niedergangs zeichnete sich dank der Tätigkeit bedeutender Rechtsgelehrter besonders die juristische Fakultät durch einen neuen Aufschwung aus. Als Ordinarius dieser Fakultät wirkte Ernst Martin Chladni. Ihm und seiner Ehefrau Johanna Sophia geb. Clement wurde am 30. November 1756 im Renaissancehaus Mittelstraße 5 (Abb. 2) ein Sohn geboren, der die Vornamen Ernst Florens Friedrich bekam. Eine später geborene Tochter starb 5 Monate nach der Geburt, und Ernst Florens Friedrich wuchs als Einzelkind auf. Chladnis Elternhaus gehörte zu den privilegierten Professoren-Grundstücken mit Wasserleitung, bei der mittels hölzerner Röhren frisches Trinkwasser von den nächsten Fläminghöhen ins Haus kam.
CDKN2 explains part of the clinical phenotype in Dutch familial atypical multiple-mole melanoma (FAMMM) syndrome families (1995)

Combined multi-point linkage analysis in seven Dutch families with FAMMM syndrome confirmed the location of a melanoma susceptibility (MLM) gene in the 9p21 area. The occurrence of a shared high-risk haplotype in six of the families strongly suggests a founder effect in the Leiden region. No indication for locus heterogeneity was observed. Recently, the CDKN2 (p16) gene, an important regulator of the cell cycle, was isolated from the 9p21 region. A 19-bp germline deletion in the CDKN2 gene was detected in the high-risk haplotype, suggesting CDKN2 to be identical to MLM. Loss of heterozygosity studies in melanoma and pancreatic carcinoma from gene carriers strongly support the view that CDKN2 is a general tumour suppressor gene predisposing not only to melanoma but also to other malignancies. Interestingly, the occurrence of apparent clinical FAMMM cases with melanoma but without the high-risk deletion haplotype suggests the necessity of additional (naevus) genes to explain the complete FAMMM phenotype.
Expression and equilibrium denaturation of cardiac troponin I: stabilization of a folding intermediate during denaturation by urea (1998)

Human cardiac troponin I has been expressed at high level in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein by using the expression vector Ptac114. The expressed protein forms primarily intracellular inclusion bodies that are solubilized in the presence of 8 M urea. The purified troponin I is recognized by anti-(human cardiac troponin I) monoclonal antibodies. Equilibrium denaturation of recombinant human troponin I and bovine troponin I is compared by monitoring changes in the protein's fluorescence and CD characteristics. At pH 7.5 the equilibrium denaturation of both proteins by urea occurs in two distinct steps involving at least three major conformational states: native, intermediate and fully denatured. The biphasic profile in the presence of urea is observed by both fluorescence and CD spectroscopy. In the intermediate state the native tertiary structure is largely disrupted and 40% of the secondary structure is conserved, as suggested by near-UV and far-UVCD respectively. Thermal denaturation of troponin I, as followed by fluorescence, shows a loss in the signal that is not reversible after heating to 90 degrees C. In the presence of a constant amount of urea (not greater than 0.5 M) the thermal denaturation becomes biphasic, suggesting the accumulation of an intermediate species that is stabilized by urea. The fluorescence of 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulphonate produced on binding troponin I decreases in the presence of increasing concentrations of urea up to 3 M; at higher urea concentrations no further change in the remaining signal is observed. Kinetic studies show at least two phases of renaturation for troponin I previously denatured with 8 M urea, whereas only a single phase is detected for the renaturation process in the presence of 3 M urea. The results suggest the occurrence of a stable folding intermediate, the formation of which might be related to the two-domain architecture of troponin I.
A Review of the State of Dry Adhesives: Biomimetic Structures and the Alternative Designs They Inspire (2017)

Robust and inexpensive dry adhesives would have a multitude of potential applications, but replicating the impressive adhesive organs of many small animals has proved challenging. A substantial body of work has been produced in recent years which has illuminated the many mechanical processes influencing a dry adhesive interface. The especially potent footpads of the tokay gecko have inspired researchers to develop and examine an impressive and diverse collection of artificial fibrillar dry adhesives, though study of tree frogs and insects demonstrate that successful adhesive designs come in many forms. This review discusses the current theoretical understanding of dry adhesive mechanics, including the observations from biological systems and the lessons learned by recent attempts to mimic them. Attention is drawn in particular to the growing contingent of work exploring ideas which are complimentary to or an alternative for fibrillar designs. The fundamentals of compliance control form a basis for dry adhesives made of composite and “smart,” stimuli-responsive materials including shape memory polymers. An overview of fabrication and test techniques, with a sampling of performance results, is provided.
The Design Challenges of Full-Motion Video for PC-Compatible Computer Systems (1993)

In this article full-motion video applications for PC-compatible computer systems are divided into three subdivisions, according to functionality and application. The issues of the decoding and encoding of composite video signals, and of the keying and overlay of video signals originating from natural sources and signals synthesized by computer graphical means, are discussed as they relate to PC-compatible personal computer systems. The problems presented by the combination of interlaced and noninterlaced video signals, and by the requirements for color-space conversion, are reviewed. A brief discussion of compression schemes for the computerized handling of motion video is offered, followed by a review of design issues relating to image-processing structures and image-capture hardware.
A nested-PCR assay for detection of Xylella fastidiosa in citrus plants and sharpshooter leafhoppers (2004)

The employment of efficient and sensitive methods to detect X. fastidiosa in citrus plants and insect vectors will greatly assist epidemiological studies.
Single channel layer, single sheath-flow inlet microfluidic flow cytometer with three-dimensional hydrodynamic focusing (2012)

Flow cytometry is a technique capable of optically characterizing biological particles in a high-throughput manner. In flow cytometry, three dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic focusing is critical for accurate and consistent measurements. Due to the advantages of microfluidic techniques, a number of microfluidic flow cytometers with 3D hydrodynamic focusing have been developed in recent decades. However, the existing devices consist of multiple layers of microfluidic channels and tedious fluidic interconnections. As a result, these devices often require complicated fabrication and professional operation. Consequently, the development of a robust and reliable microfluidic flow cytometer for practical biological applications is desired. This paper develops a microfluidic device with a single channel layer and single sheath-flow inlet capable of achieving 3D hydrodynamic focusing for flow cytometry. The sheath-flow stream is introduced perpendicular to the microfluidic channel to encircle the sample flow. In this paper, the flow fields are simulated using a computational fluidic dynamic (CFD) software, and the results show that the 3D hydrodynamic focusing can be successfully formed in the designed microfluidic device under proper flow conditions. The developed device is further characterized experimentally. First, confocal microscopy is exploited to investigate the flow fields. The resultant Z-stack confocal images show the cross-sectional view of 3D hydrodynamic with flow conditions that agree with the simulated ones. Furthermore, the flow cytometric detections of fluorescence beads are performed using the developed device with various flow rate combinations. The measurement results demonstrate that the device can achieve great detection performances, which are comparable to the conventional flow cytometer. In addition, the enumeration of fluorescence-labelled cells is also performed to show its practicality for biological applications. Consequently, the microfluidic flow cytometer developed in this paper provides a practical platform that can be used for routine analysis in biological laboratories. Additionally, the 3D hydrodynamic focusing channel design can also be applied to various applications that can advance the lab on a chip research.
Tumor-derived exosomal miR-103a-2-5p facilitates esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation and migration. (2020)

Our results shed light on how exosomal miR-103a-2-5p can promote proliferation and migration of ESCC cells and may represent a potential target for ESCC therapies.
Integrated Home Service Network on Intelligent Intranet (2000)

IHSNII (Integrated Home Service Network on intelligent Intranet) is a Web-based home service system; it supports a well-organized Internet service infrastructure, and allows the traditional HSASS (Home Service Application Supporting System) to connect to the Internet through the INTEGRATOR of IHSNII. This would solve the problem of inconvenience caused by the diversity of user interfaces and operation platforms of HSASSs which are provided by different vendors. The INTEGRATOR is a PC-based data acquisition and transformation node. It supports TCP/IP, and is capable of getting data from HSASS, encoding the data into XML document and then transferring the XML document to the server of the monitoring and management center. With IHSNII, the business partners of IHSNII can furnish their customers with Web service without constructing their own backbone of network, and reduce the service cost substantially. For end user, IHSNII provides not only Web service as a general ISP (Internet service provider) does but also a well software service. By XML exchanging, IHSNII can integrate the HSASSs of those business partners who are willing to provide data sharing, and provide end users with a uniform GUI (graphic user interface) for monitoring/setup service target through Web. For those HSASS service companies who are unwilling to provide data of customers, IHSNII acts as a monitoring data provider; it will encode the monitoring data in XML and pass the XML data to their own HSASS service companies.
Getting it right second time around : company law (2008)

The existence of a holding/subsidiary relationship between companies is of vital importance, not only because it gives rise to a number of economic and administrative advantages but it also gives enables the application of various provisions of the Companies Act, 1973, which are aimed at preventing abuse which could arise out of such an arrangement. For example, in terms of s37 of the Act, the details of a loan given by a subsidiary company to its holding company must be disclosed in the financial statements of the subsidiary company so as to protect its minority shareholders.
Metastatic colorectal carcinoma: A prospective randomized trial of Methyl-CCNU, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and vincristine (MOF) versus MOF plus streptozotocin (MOF-strep) (1983)

A prospective randomized trial evaluated semustine (Methyl CCNU) 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and vincristine (MOF) versus MOF plus streptozotocin (MOF-Strep) in 75 patients with advanced, measurable colorectal carcinoma. The complete and partial remission rate with MOF-Strep was significantly better, 34 versus 5% with MOF (P = 0.003). Gastrointestinal toxicity was increased with the addition of streptozotocin. Initial patient characteristics such as age, sex, performance status, time from diagnosis to metastatic disease, site of metastatic disease, and most initial laboratory values were not predictive of response. However, certain initial laboratory values (lactic dehydrogenace and leukocyte count) and one tumor site pulmonary metastases did influence survival regardless of response.