gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
When (distant) relatives stay too long: implications for cancer medicine (2016)

Whole-genome analyses of human medulloblastomas show that the dominant clone at relapse is present as a rare subclone at primary diagnosis.
Health issues with virtual reality displays (1997)

During the late 1980s and early 1990s virtual reality (VR) technology enjoyed a prolonged honeymoon with the international media who presented a glossy futuristic image of the technology. It was inevitable that the media would eventually tire of this image and look for new journalistic angles, such as the negative effects of VR. Some speculation then ensued about the negative social consequences of VR in the public domain ("Social autism" and "The end of civilisation as we know it&hellip;" --- Stone, 1992, BBC Horizon), although these speculations now appear unfounded.The first direct assertion, in the international media, that there might be visual safety issues with VR technology, came from the reporting of findings from Mon-Williams, Wann and Rushton in 1993 [5]. Since then a steady trickle of media features have strongly hinted at virtual problems that may arise (e.g. Business Week, July 10, 1995; New Scientist, Jan 27, 1996), each being followed by accusations of "scare-mongering" from some sectors of the VR community. Our research findings have fueled some of the negative reports, and our position has angered some VR protagonists. Also, like other research groups in this field, we are often approached by journalists in pursuit of a sensationalist story.Hence we think it is timely to examine what we know about the effects of virtual reality displays; what we don't know about virtual reality displays; and what research should be undertaken to resolve the unknown issues.
Zwitterionic Acceptor Moieties:  Small Reorganization Energy and Unique Stabilization of Charge Transfer Products (2003)

A series of fulleropyrrolidine- and fulleropyrrolidinium-based donor−acceptor ensembles were tested in light of intrinsic reorganization energies for photoinduced electron transfer events. Among these complexes, the fulleropyrrolidinium ions are particularly well-suited for the role of an acceptor moiety. In fact, once reduced, fulleropyrrolidinium ions exhibit a zwitterionic character, due to the contemporary presence of a positive pyrrolidinium ion together with the fullerene radical ion. We demonstrate that this zwitterionic character of the acceptor plays a central role in improving acceleration of charge separation and deceleration of charge recombination. While the charge separation occurs with dynamics close to the top region of the Marcus parabola, the charge recombination rates are pushed deeply into the inverted region of the parabolic dependence. Overall, we determined reorganization energies (λ) for the fulleropyrrolidinium-based ensemble that are appreciably smaller than those seen for the fulleropyrrolidine-based analogue, while keeping the electronic coupling element constant (!). Remarkable is the oxygen effect on the zwitterionic fulleropyrrolidinium acceptornot seen on the fulleropyrrolidine acceptorin the charge-separated radical pair.
IL‐12 and IL‐4 activate a CD39‐dependent intrinsic peripheral tolerance mechanism in CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells (2016)

Immune responses to protein antigens involve CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, which follow distinct programs of differentiation. Naïve CD8 T cells rapidly develop cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) activity after T-cell receptor stimulation, and we have previously shown that this is accompanied by suppressive activity in the presence of specific cytokines, i.e. IL-12 and IL-4. Cytokine-induced CD8(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells are one of several Treg-cell phenotypes and are Foxp3(-) IL-10(+) with contact-dependent suppressive capacity. Here, we show they also express high level CD39, an ecto-nucleotidase that degrades extracellular ATP, and this contributes to their suppressive activity. CD39 expression was found to be upregulated on CD8(+) T cells during peripheral tolerance induction in vivo, accompanied by release of IL-12 and IL-10. CD39 was also upregulated during respiratory tolerance induction to inhaled allergen and on tumor-infiltrating CD8(+) T cells. Production of IL-10 and expression of CD39 by CD8(+) T cells was independently regulated, being respectively blocked by extracellular ATP and enhanced by an A2A adenosine receptor agonist. Our results suggest that any CTL can develop suppressive activity when exposed to specific cytokines in the absence of alarmins. Thus negative feedback controls CTL expansion under regulation from both nucleotide and cytokine environment within tissues.
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR-BASED INVESTIGATION OF CHUA'S CIRCUIT FAMILY (1993)

This paper is concerned with exploiting the architecture of a single-chip digital signal processor for integrating piecewise-linear ODEs. We show that DSPs can be usefully applied in the study of Chua's circuit family provided that one chooses a multistep integration algorithm which exploits their unique single-instruction multiply-and-accumulate feature.
Radioprotective Effect of Local Administration of Lysine-Vasopressin and Triglycyl-Lysine-Vasopressin on the Rectal Mucosa in Rats (1995)

Reactions from the rectal mucosa often give rise to troublesome side-effects during and after radiotherapy in the pelvic region. Local vasoconstriction in the rectal mucosa will cause an ischemia which will decrease the sensitivity of the mucosal cells to radiation and thereby these side-effects can be reduced. Triglycyl-lysine-vasopressin applied rectally in 1% Blanose solution gave in the present study significant radioprotection of the rectal mucosa in the doses of 0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 mg. These doses are, however, very high. Triglycyl-lysine-vasopressin in 1.2% Natrosol solution in a dose of 128 micrograms did not show any certain protective effects. However lysine-vasopressin in 1.2% Natrosol solution in a dose of 16 micrograms gave significant radioprotection of the rectal mucosa. This dose level has in a previous study not given any significant effects on the systemic circulation. Lysine-vasopressin in Natrosol solution seems to be a suitable combination for further studies.
Optimized energy separation for phonon scattering in three-level terahertz intersubband lasers (2001)

We examine the impact of the complex phonon spectrum on the design rules for three-level THz intersubband emitters that utilize resonant optical phonon scattering to obtain intersubband population inversion. In GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs multiple quantum wells, electron–optical phonon scattering occurs due to interaction with “GaAs-like” modes at ℏωLO∼36 meV and “AlAs-like” modes at ℏωLO∼47 meV. Scattering rates are calculated for interface and confined phonon modes to determine the optimal subband energy separations for enhancement of fast depopulation scattering and reduction of parasitic nonradiative scattering. While the results depend sensitively on details of the structure, we find that, for electrically pumped THz lasers, there is not an overwhelming advantage in increasing the subband separation to allow scattering by the higher energy modes. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
Improved Large-Scale Preparation of Phage T4 Endonuclease VII Overexpressed in E. coli (1995)

Using PCR, we cloned T4 gene 49, which encodes the endonuclease VII, and the inactive mutant gene 49 amE727 into vector pET-11a. In combination with Escherichia coli host strain BL21 (DE3), this system provided excellent repression of the expression of the highly toxic protein before induction with IPTG. After induction, the proteins were made in high quantities while remaining soluble. Dilution of the crude lysate at 1:10,000 continued to show a highly specific activity in the case of the wild-type enzyme. The protein was purified to homogeneity with a recovery of 33% using two chromatography steps. The yield was 20 times higher and the specific activity 500 times higher than that obtained by using the previously published protocol.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis: an overview. (2003)

Leishmaniasis is a major world health problem, which is increasing in incidence. In Northern Europe it is seen in travellers returning from endemic areas. The protozoa is transmitted by sandflies and may produce a variety of clinical syndromes varying from a simple ulcer to fatal systemic disease. This review considers the management of simple cutaneous leishmaniasis. Patients usually have a single ulcer that may heal spontaneously, requiring only topical, or no treatment at all. Lesions caused by Leishmania braziliensis may evolve into the mucocutaneous form, 'espundia', and should be treated with systemic antimony. Sodium stibogluconate 20mg/kg/day i.v. for 20 days is the appropriate first line treatment in these cases. Although it may cause transient bone marrow suppression, liver damage, a chemical pancreatitis, and disturbances in the electrocardiogram, it appears safe. The success of treatment should be assessed 6 weeks after it has been completed and patients should be followed up for 6 months.
Possible Options for In Situ Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage Seepages (1994)

Noranda Technology Centre conducted bench-scale evaluations of various passive techniques developed by other institutions and potential processes for in situ treatment of base metal acid mine drainage (AMO) seepages. The passive methods assessed included: anoxic lime drains (ALO), where limestone is kept under anoxic conditions; a limestone-organic mixture (LOM), in which the function of the process is based on the activity of sulphate reducing bacteria; a biosorbent (BIOS) approach where metals are taken up by wood wastes; and a biotrench (BT), which differs from LOM in that different nutrient types are used. Prior work suggested that the best process could be obtained by using combinations of the first three methods and that the performance of the microbiological processes was substantially affected by low temperatures. With further laboratory tests, the best combination(s) and operation parameters were determined to provide a basis for the design of field tests. The results obtained from the test of combined systems indicated that a LOM connected to a smaller size ALO bed in series would be the best combination for treating AMO. With this system, the pH can be raised from 2.5 to 7,2 and concentrations of Al, As, Cd, Cu and Fe are lowered to Jess than 1 mg/L. Zn and Mn concentrations are reduced from 482 and 49 mg/L to 8 and 14.7 in the final effluent. TSS, BOD and COD levels in the final effluent are 9, 1.5 and 40 mg/L, respectively. In addition, it was found that a BIOS/ALD combination can selectively remove Cu and Cd to < 0.01 mg/L and increase pH to 6.5 and its performance is not affected by low temperature. Pilot tests for the LOM/ ALD system were recommended to demonstrate the efficiency of the method for removing metals and increasing pH under field conditions.
Enhanced forwarding strategy in metro Ethernet networks (2012)

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is an approved standard protocol that provides a tree forwarding topology in Ethernet networks. Tree topology ensures a unique path from any node to every other node in the network. One of the main disadvantages of STP is its poor load balancing capabilities that results in uneven load distribution and bottlenecks. In our previous work, we have suggested Shortcut Switching Strategy (SSS) to overcome this problem. SSS improves load balancing by using some blocked links to forward traffic. In this paper, we propose a novel forwarding strategy named Enhanced Forwarding Strategy (EFS) that enhances the performance of SSS. Simulation results show that this new strategy decreases the traffic load on links and switches and has a good load balancing performance.
Gospel Parallels from Pali Texts.--The Apostolic Succession. —The Saving Power of Belief.—The Logia. (2010)

thee, but my Father which is in heaven.And I also say unto thee, that thou art Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church ; and the gates of Hades shall not prevail against it.I will give unto thee the keys of the kingdom of heaven ; and whatsoever
The submarine-cable plow (1939)

A METHOD of protection of submarine cables by placement “underground” was described during the process of its development in an article written for Electrical Engineering in May 1938. The work then projected has since been successfully carried out, and the first cables scheduled to be plowed under, to protect them from being fouled by fishing gear dragged along the ocean bottom by steam trawlers, have been laid and buried in trenches to a depth of from half a foot to approximately two feet. In the latest operations, sections of cable 25 nautical miles (of 6,087 feet) in length have been dropped into a continuous furrow cut in the ocean bottom, from 500 to 2,700 feet below the surface of the sea. It is the purpose of this paper to describe the engineering features of the entrenching operation, and in a companion paper <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> will be found a description of a device, the submarine-cable depthometer, by which is measured the depth, in inches below the ocean bottom surface, at which the plowed-in cable actually lies in its trench.
Trisomy 2p: Analysis of unusual phenotypic findings (1995)

We present three probands with partial trisomies 2p21-23 due to ins(4;2)(q21;p21p23) pat, 2p23-pter due to t(2;4)(p23;q35)mat, and 2p21-pter due to t(2;11)(p21;q23.3)mat. More than 50 cases of partial trisomy 2p have been reviewed and some abnormalities, unusual for most other types of structural autosomal imbalance, have been found in patients with inherited forms of 2p trisomy and in their non-karyotyped sibs. Neural tube defects (anencephaly, occipital encephalocele, and spina bifida) were found in five probands and 4/6 affected non-karyotyped sibs. The only triplicated segment common to all was 2p24. Different forms of "broncho-pulmonary a/hypoplasia" (including two cases of lung agenesis) were described in four patients (overlapping triplicated segment was 2p21-p25). Three patients (with overlapping triplicated segment 2p23-p25) had diaphragmatic hernia. Abnormal rotation of the heart or L-transposition of large vessels (with or without visceral heterotaxia) was found in two infants (overlapping triplicated segment 2p23-p24). In two patients with common triplicated segment 2p22.3-p25, neuroblastoma has been described. The occurrence of all these defects may be explained either by the action of the same gene(s) mapped to 2p24 or by action of some independent factors located in different segments of the short arm. Although the latter hypothesis is much less probable, it can not be rejected at the present time. We propose the existence of a genetic system controlling surveillance of an abnormal embryo to explain the phenotypic differences between patients with the same imbalance within a family. In some "restrictive" combinations the abnormal embryos will die, although in "permissive" combinations they can survive.
Interactive multimedia mirror system design (2008)

This investigation describes a novel design and implementation of an interactive multimedia mirror system, called "magic mirror". The magic mirror implemented in a personal computer is equipped with normal peripherals such as CCD camera, infrared ray devices, microphone, speakers, and an LCD monitor, which is further covered with a piece of general reflective glass. The magic mirror integrates self-developed software, which includes speech recognition, speech synthesis, video detection, and 3D graphics to provide easy video and audio interactions. With Internet connections, the magic mirror can capture the instant weather, stock information, multimedia sources, etc. By verbal comments, the users can easily activate personal multimedia services to provide visual information on display and verbal message from graphical genius. The magic mirror with emotion speech recognition and synthesis can be acted as a friendly agent, who can listen to your questions and automatically response the requests for information, relaxation, and consolation. Besides, the magic mirror with video detection can perceive the human gestures and behaviors to achieve possible visual interactions.
APPLICATION OF HOLLOW CALCIUM CARBONATE PARTICLES TO PAPERMAKING (1999)

Spherical particles made of calcium carbonate were reported to be available by the interfacial reaction method. When a potassium carbonate solution / benzene (W/O) emulsion is poured in a calcium chloride solution, spherical and sometimes hollow particles of calcium carbonate form, maintaining the shape of emulsified droplets. The surfactant concentration and emulsifying properties resulting from dispersion and homogenization determined particle shape, size and distribution. Prepared spherical particles were tried to be applied to paper making as a filler. They increased brightness of handsheets more than commercial coagulated particles. However, aggregates of calcium carbonate present in the paper hindered improvement of opacity.
Communication protocols for wireless mobile networks (1997)

We discuss the design of network and transport layer protocols for mobile networking. The network architecture used is unique in that it separates the mobile network(s) from the fixed or wired networks and provides connectivity between the two via special gateways. These gateways split all transport connections into two segments, allowing the use of protocols optimized for the wireless environment without affecting the installed base of network users. We describe problems affecting the most essential Internet protocols, i.e., TCP, UDP, and the Real-Time Protocol (RTP), when deployed in the wireless environment. We justify the need for versions of these protocols which are designed to cope with the unique constraints of the wireless link. We then propose mobile analogs of each of these protocols which compensate for those constraints. This suite of mobility-aware protocols allows the installed base of users to communicate efficiently with mobile users without requiring any changes outside of the mobile networks. We describe the implementations of M-TCP, M-UDP, and M-RTP, and show their performance to be far superior to that of their fixed network analogs. We also justify the split connection gateway approach using performance results from these implementations. Finally, we describe an efficient protocol for transferring mobile host state between gateway nodes during handoffs.
General metabolism of the dimorphic and pathogenic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. (2005)

Annotation of the transcriptome of the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis has set the grounds for a global understanding of its metabolism in both mycelium and yeast forms. This fungus is able to use the main carbohydrate sources, including starch, and it can store reduced carbons in the form of glycogen and trehalose; these provide energy reserves that are relevant for metabolic adaptation, protection against stress and infectivity mechanisms. The glyoxylate cycle, which is also involved in pathogenicity, is present in this fungus. Classical pathways of lipid biosynthesis and degradation, including those of ketone body and sterol production, are well represented in the database of P. brasiliensis. It is able to synthesize de novo all nucleotides and amino acids, with the sole exception of asparagine, which was confirmed by the fungus growth in minimal medium. Sulfur metabolism, as well as the accessory synthetic pathways of vitamins and co-factors, are likely to exist in this fungus.
Atomic stream computation unit based on micro-thread level parallelism (2015)

The increasing demand for higher resolution of images and communication bandwidth requires the streaming applications to deal with ever increasing size of datasets. Further, with technology scaling the cost of moving data is reducing at a slower pace compared to the cost of computing. These trends have motivated the proposed micro-architectural reorganization of stream processors by dividing the stream computation into functional computation, address constraints computation and address generation and deploying independent, distributed micro-threads to implement them. This scheme is an alternative to parallelizing them at instruction level. The proposed scheme has two benefits: a more efficient sequencer logic and energy savings in address generation and transportation. These benefits are quantified for a set of streaming applications and show average percentage improvement of 39 in silicon efficiency of the sequencer logic and 23 in total computational efficiency.
[Out of the editor's basket] (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXT[Out of the editor's basket]C. R. Johnson Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1945, 22, 12, 618Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1945Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 December 1945Published inissue 1 December 1945https://doi.org/10.1021/ed022p618.1RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views63Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (543 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Use of powder metallurgy preforms as alternative to produce bimetallic tubes (2005)

AbstractAbstractCoextrusion is one of the major processes used to produce bimetallic rods, tubes and wires. Previous investigations into the coextrusion of wrought metals have shown that, for the production of a sound coextrusion, the available processing zone is very narrow, with little flexibility in terms of tool and process parameter selection. These limits have many practical implications in the selection of suitable material and process parameter combinations. The present investigation envisages the production of sound bimetallic tubes by controlling the initial materials characteristics through the powder metallurgy (PM) and cold extrusion route. It is shown that the consolidation of PM preforms during extrusion reduces the differential velocity between the core and the sleeve, and high friction at the interface aids sound flow over a wide range of processing conditions. In addition, the non-uniformities of deformation (especially on the hard metal side) are accommodated by the softer preform near the interface, through micromechanical interaction. The present approach implies manufacturing flexibility and reduction of tool/amortisation costs for the production of bimetals.Keywords: BIMETALEXTRUSIONPOWDER METALLURGYCOMPOSITESOLID STATE JOININGDISSIMILAR METALS