gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energy Levels and Crystal-Field Calculations of Neodymium in Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (1964)

Experimental and theoretical studies of the ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$ spectrum in yttrium aluminum garnet are reported in the present article. From the crystal-field calculations on various $J$ manifolds, it is concluded that the crystal field is approximately tetragonal. The agreement between observed and calculated splitting patterns for $J$ manifolds in which $J$ mixing is small is satisfactory. Our best evaluation of the crystal-field parameters yields: ${{A}_{2}}^{0}=270$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, ${{A}_{4}}^{0}=\ensuremath{-}250$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, ${{A}_{4}}^{4}=1250$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, ${{A}_{6}}^{0}=92$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, and ${{A}_{6}}^{4}=\ensuremath{-}965$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$.
Preferred orientation and piezoelectricity in sputtered ZnO films (1998)

Thin ZnO films were deposited on various types of substrates with rf magnetron reactive sputtering of a Zn target in pure O2 atmosphere. The layers were characterized by x-ray diffraction and electrical measurements. The piezoelectric strain constant d31 of the films was determined via optical interferometric measurements on the piezoelectrically forced vibration of silicon cantilevers. Because of the high resistivity of the ZnO samples (higher than 109 Ω cm), piezoelectric excitation down to frequencies of 100 Hz was found to be feasible. The relation between the piezoelectric strain constant and the c-axis orientation distribution of the film [obtained from the full width at half maximum of the x-ray rocking curves at the ZnO (002) diffraction] was determined both experimentally and theoretically. It was found that the experimental effective piezoelectric strain constants are, at most, 60% of the value predicted by the theoretical calculations. It is thought that this discrepancy is due to the cancellation of piezoelectric activity by ZnO grains of opposing polarity. The latter effect and other structural properties of the films are discussed in relation to nucleation and growth of sputtered ZnO films.
Up-regulation of Human myo-Inositol Oxygenase by Hyperosmotic Stress in Renal Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells (2005)

myo-Inositol oxygenase (MIOX) catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of myo-inositol (MI) to give d-glucuronic acid, a committed step in MI catabolism. d-Glucuronic acid is further metabolized to xylitol via the glucuronate-xylulose pathway. Although accumulation of polyols such as xylitol and sorbitol is associated with MI depletion in diabetic complications, no causal relationship has been established. Therefore we are examining the role of MIOX in diabetic nephropathy. Here we present evidence that the basis for the depletion of MI in diabetes is likely to be mediated by the increased expression of MIOX, which is induced by sorbitol, mannitol, and xylitol in a porcine renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line, LLC-PK1. To understand the molecular mechanism of regulation of MIOX expression by polyols, we have cloned the human MIOX gene locus of 10 kb containing 5.6 kb of the 5' upstream sequence. Analysis of the 5' upstream sequence led to the identification of an osmotic response element (ORE) in the promoter region, which is present approximately 2 kb upstream of the translation start site. Based on luciferase reporter and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, polyols increased the ORE-dependent expression of MIOX. In addition, we demonstrate that the activity of the promoter is dependent on the binding of the transcription factor, tonicity element-binding protein, or osmotic response element-binding protein, to the ORE site. These results suggest that the expression of MIOX is up-regulated by a positive feedback mechanism where xylitol, one of the products of MI catabolism via the glucuronate-xylulose pathway, induces an overexpression of MIOX.
Forging Equipment, Materials, and Practices. (1973)

Abstract : The handbook provides design engineers with up-to-date information about the many aspects of forging including descriptions of important developments made more recently by industry and/or government. The handbook describes suitable measures for in-process quality control and quality assurance, summarizes relationships between forging practices and important mechanical properties and compares various forging devices to aid in equipment selection. Attention is also given to describing practices for relatively new materials and emerging forging practices. (Modified author abstract)
Progress in Controlled Gastroretentive Delivery Systems (2008)

Controlled release (CR) dosage forms have been extensively used to improve therapy with several important drugs. However, the development processes are faced with several physiological difficulties such as the inability to restrain and localize the system within the desired region of the gastrointestinal tract and the highly variable nature of the gastric emptying process. This variability may lead to unpredictable bioavailability and times to achieve peak plasma levels. On the other hand, incorporation of the drug in a controlled release gastroretentive dosage forms (CR-GRDF) which can remain in the gastric region for several hours would significantly prolong the gastric residence time of drugs and improve bioavailability, reduce drug waste, and enhance the solubility of drugs that are less soluble in high pH environment. Gastroretention would also facilitate local drug delivery to the stomach and proximal small intestine. Thus, gastroretention could help to provide greater availability of new products and consequently improved therapeutic activity and substantial benefits to patients. Controlled gastric retention of solid dosage form may be achieved by the mechanisms of floatation, mucoadhesion, sedimentation, expansion or by a modified shaped system. The purpose of this paper is to review the recent literature and current technology used in the development of gastroretentive dosage forms. Keywords: Gastroretention, Oral controlled release, Swelling, Narrow absorption window, Floating dosage form Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 7 (3) 2008: pp. 1055-1066
Distributed cooperative processing and control over wireless sensor networks (2006)

An overview of some recent advances in distributed information processing for control over wireless sensor networks is presented in this paper. Firstly, a taxonomy of fundamental control and communication schemes for these systems is introduced. Next, specific research issues are proposed and discussed with three prominent examples on distributed source coding with packet aggregation, distributed cooperative diversity and distributed cooperative localization. In regard to these examples, it is argued about some open research problems and suggestions for further investigations on joint control and communication design for distributed processing and control over wireless sensor networks.
One‐week triple therapy using omeprazole, amoxycillin and clarithromycin for the eradication of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> in patients with non‐ulcer dyspepsia: influence of dosage of omeprazole and clarithromycin (1998)

Eradication rates obtained in this study were lower than those expected on the basis of previously reported studies. This study supports the use of a double dose of omeprazole, although the difference between groups was non-significant, but provides no argument in favour of a high dose of clarithromycin.
DNA-Accelerated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization on a Gold Surface (2006)

A significantly increased polymer growth rate was observed during a surface-initiated ATRP reaction in the presence of DNA molecules. To investigate this phenomenon, thiolated single-stranded DNA molecules (ssDNAs) with ATRP initiators coupled at the distal point were used as the model molecule in the study. In comparison, a small molecule, HS-(CH(2))(11)NHCOC(CH(3))(2)Br, was used to provide a less-polar surface coating for polymer grafting. 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and monomethoxy-capped oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (OEGMA) were used as the ATRP monomers. The polymer growth rates were monitored by measuring the thickness of the polymer films formed at different times. Our results show that the presence of DNA molecules, although at a less-than-1% surface coverage, significantly accelerated the growth rates of both poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) and poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate) (POEGMA) at the beginning of the ATRP reactions. This accelerating effect was suspected to be a combined result of the highly charged sugar-phosphate backbones of DNA molecules and the formation of Cu complexes with DNA bases. After the initial polymer growth, a smaller yet constant polymer growth rate was observed, suggesting the reduced influence of DNA molecules as the ATRP reaction centers moved farther away from the surface. Similar to conventional ATRP reactions, the polymer growth from surface-anchored DNA molecules was found to be strongly dependent on the composition and the concentration of the catalysts used. Specifically, a catalyst mixture of CuCl/30% CuBr(2)/bpy with 23 mM CuCl was found to provide the optimal reaction condition to yield the fastest polymer film growth among the conditions tested.
Synthesis of meta-iodobenzyl [11C]guanidine (1997)

An efficient and fully automated one-pot method for the synthesis of 3-iodobenzyl [11C]guanidine ([11C]MIBG) was developed. Starting from [11C]cyanogen bromide, [11C]MIBG was obtained in 62 % radiochemical yield and a radiochemical purity higher than 98 % via the intermediate 3-iodobenzyl [11C]cyana/μmol (130 GBq/μmol) at the end of synthesis. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Learning Deep C3D Features For Soccer Video Event Detection (2018)

Soccer video event identification has been an interesting task in research community during past few decades. Numerous machine learning techniques and C2D (Convolution 2-dimensional) have been used for this problem, but C3D has not been implemented for this task. By taking advantage from C3D (Convolution 3-dimensional), to completely exploit spatio-temporal relation, deep convolution network is developed to highlight distinct video events in proposed research work. Initially, we detect soccer video event marks by pixel differencing and edge change ratio. After this semantic features of segmented frames are extracted followed by CNN to map soccer event categories: Corner, Shoot, Goal Attempt, Penalty Kick. Because no effective and suitable dataset is available, we categorized soccer videos into four classes and developed soccer videos dataset for training CNN network. Evaluation results on soccer match clips generated results with high efficiency.
An Approach to the Production of Soluble Protein from a Fungal Gene Encoding an Aggregation-Prone Xylanase in Escherichia coli (2011)

The development of new procedures and protocols that allow researchers to obtain recombinant proteins is of fundamental importance in the biotechnology field. A strategy was explored to overcome inclusion-body formation observed when expressing an aggregation-prone fungal xylanase in Escherichia coli. pHsh is an expression plasmid that uses a synthetic heat-shock (Hsh) promoter, in which gene expression is regulated by an alternative sigma factor (σ(32)). A derivative of pHsh was constructed by fusing a signal peptide to xynA2 gene to facilitate export of the recombinant protein to the periplasm. The xylanase was produced in a soluble form. Three factors were essential to achieving such soluble expression of the xylanase: 1) the target gene was under the control of the Hsh promoter, 2) the gene product was exported into the periplasm, and 3) gene expression was induced by a temperature upshift. For the first time we report the expression of periplasmic proteins under the control of an Hsh promoter regulated by σ(32). One unique feature of this approach was that over 200 copies of the Hsh promoter in an E. coli cell significantly increased the concentration of σ(32). The growth inhibition of the recombinant cells corresponded to an increase in the levels of soluble periplasmic protein. Therefore, an alternative protocol was designed to induce gene expression from pHsh-ex to obtain high levels of active soluble enzymes.
A Selective TSH Receptor Antagonist Inhibits Stimulation of Thyroid Function in Female Mice (2013)

Because the TSH receptor (TSHR) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of thyroid disease, a TSHR antagonist could be a novel treatment. We attempted to develop a small molecule, drug-like antagonist of TSHR signaling that is selective and active in vivo. We synthesized NCGC00242364 (ANTAG3) by chemical modification of a previously reported TSHR antagonist. We tested its potency, efficacy, and selectivity in a model cell system in vitro by measuring its activity to inhibit stimulation of cAMP production stimulated by TSH, LH, or FSH. We tested the in vivo activity of ANTAG3 by measuring its effects to lower serum free T4 and thyroid gene expression in female BALB/c mice continuously treated with ANTAG3 for 3 days and given low doses of TRH continuously or stimulated by a single administration of a monoclonal thyroid-stimulating antibody M22. ANTAG3 was selective for TSHR inhibition; half-maximal inhibitory doses were 2.1 μM for TSHR and greater than 30 μM for LH and FSH receptors. In mice treated with TRH, ANTAG3 lowered serum free T4 by 44% and lowered mRNAs for sodium-iodide cotransporter and thyroperoxidase by 75% and 83%, respectively. In mice given M22, ANTAG3 lowered serum free T4 by 38% and lowered mRNAs for sodium-iodide cotransporter and thyroperoxidase by 73% and 40%, respectively. In conclusion, we developed a selective TSHR antagonist that is effective in vivo in mice. This is the first report of a small-molecule TSHR antagonist active in vivo and may lead to a drug to treat Graves' disease.
Circulating mitochondrial DNA in the serum of patients with testicular germ cell cancer as a novel noninvasive diagnostic biomarker (2009)

Cell-free mtDNA levels are greater in patients with testicular cancer and might provide valuable information for managing patients with testicular anomalies, especially those with normal levels of established tumour markers.
A novel geometric resizing technique for data conversion from CAD data to electron beam exposure data (1992)

A novel resizing algorithm, based on the effective use of the hierarchical structure of CAD data, is proposed to speed up the conversion time for CAD data conversion into electron beam exposure data. Resizing can be performed even for overlap between cells, which has been usually allowed in CAD data and has interrupted the hierarchical treatment in the data conversion, by introducing three key techniques: cut and abandon, link mark, and null edge. The total conversion time of a 13 K-gate LSI circuit is improved by a factor of 3.8, with the shape handling time by a factor of 5.1, compared with a conventional method. Experimental results show that overhead can be ignored by introducing the new techniques in hierarchical treatment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Waterborne polyurethanes and their properties (1996)

Anionomer-type waterborne polyurethanes (PUs) were obtained from poly(β-methyl-δ-valerolactone) glycol (PMVL) and isophorone diisocyanate, following a prepolymer mixing process. The soft-hard segment phase separation in response to the variations of composition and structure of PU has been studied from the dynamic mechanical measurements of the emulsion cast films. The structural variation included ionic and hard segment content, molecular weight of NCO-terminated prepolymer, and type and length of the soft segment. It was found that phase separation is more sensitive to the soft segment length, rather than the soft segment content. With only phase separation, the rubbery modulus was significant even with lower hard segment content. Phase separation was much more pronounced with PU from poly(tetramethylene adipate) glycol, rather than from PMVL and poly(caprolactone) © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Advancing Cancer Drug Discovery Towards More Agile Development of Targeted Combination Therapies (2011)

Current drug-discovery strategies are typically 'target-centric' and are based upon high-throughput screening of large chemical libraries against nominated targets and a selection of lead compounds with optimized 'on-target' potency and selectivity profiles. However, high attrition of targeted agents in clinical development suggest that combinations of targeted agents will be most effective in treating solid tumors if the biological networks that permit cancer cells to subvert monotherapies are identified and retargeted. Conventional drug-discovery and development strategies are suboptimal for the rational design and development of novel drug combinations. In this article, we highlight a series of emerging technologies supporting a less reductionist, more agile, drug-discovery and development approach for the rational design, validation, prioritization and clinical development of novel drug combinations.
Aesthetics (2008)

That part of Adorno's work which we might wish to label his “aesthetics” is not hard to identify. At the time of his death, Adorno was close to completing his Aesthetic Theory, which represents the culmination of his lifelong engagement with the various arts – especially music and literature – and their philosophy. The development of Adorno's aesthetics can easily be traced from his early account in Philosophy of New Music of the rival tendencies in twentieth-century music represented by the composers Arnold Schönberg and Igor Stravinsky, through his engagement with a wide variety of literary texts in Notes to Literature, to the posthumously edited and published Aesthetic Theory itself.
Classifying Non-Sentential Utterances in Dialogue: A Machine Learning Approach (2007)

In this article we use well-known machine learning methods to tackle a novel task, namely the classification of non-sentential utterances (NSUs) in dialogue. We introduce a fine-grained taxonomy of NSU classes based on corpus work, and then report on the results of several machine learning experiments. First, we present a pilot study focused on one of the NSU classes in the taxonomy—bare wh-phrases or “sluices”—and explore the task of disambiguating between the different readings that sluices can convey. We then extend the approach to classify the full range of NSU classes, obtaining results of around an 87% weighted F-score. Thus our experiments show that, for the taxonomy adopted, the task of identifying the right NSU class can be successfully learned, and hence provide a very encouraging basis for the more general enterprise of fully processing NSUs.
TCM/SSMA communication systems with cascaded sequences and PAM/QAM signal sets (1998)

An expression in matrix form for the multiple-access interference (MAI) in an asynchronous direct-sequence spread-spectrum multiple-access (DS/SSMA) communication system with cascaded sequences (CVs), arbitrary chip waveforms, and trellis-coded modulation (TCM) with a pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signal set is obtained. TCM provides significant coding gain while the CVs decrease the correlation between the MAI of adjacent data intervals. The expression is used to calculate arbitrarily accurate probability density functions (PDFs) of the MAI in the TCM system and to derive an accurate approximation of the MAI variance. It also helps illustrate some properties of the MAI by separating contributing parameters into different matrices. We derive an approximation of the upper union bound on the bit-error probability and investigate its applicability. The results show that CV schemes can greatly reduce the pairwise error probabilities (PEPs) until the length of the CV becomes greater than that of the error weight sequence (EWS) under consideration.
Development of polarization-controlled multi-pass Thomson scattering system in the GAMMA 10 tandem mirror (2012)

In the GAMMA 10 tandem mirror, the typical electron density is comparable to that of the peripheral plasma of torus-type fusion devices. Therefore, an effective method to increase Thomson scattering (TS) signals is required in order to improve signal quality. In GAMMA 10, the yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG)-TS system comprises a laser, incident optics, light collection optics, signal detection electronics, and a data recording system. We have been developing a multi-pass TS method for a polarization-based system based on the GAMMA 10 YAG TS. To evaluate the effectiveness of the polarization-based configuration, the multi-pass system was installed in the GAMMA 10 YAG-TS system, which is capable of double-pass scattering. We carried out a Rayleigh scattering experiment and applied this double-pass scattering system to the GAMMA 10 plasma. The integrated scattering signal was made about twice as large by the double-pass system.
100MHz-to&#x2013;1GHz open-loop ADDLL with fast lock-time for mobile applications (2010)

This paper presents a fast-lock wide-range all-digital delay locked loops (ADDLL) for mobile applications. The proposed open-loop architecture based on time-to-digital converter (TDC) has a lock time of 3∼10 clock cycles. The multipath delay line is implemented to achieve high resolution in TDC. The frequency range selector is adopted for a wide-range operation. The ADDLL is implemented in a 0.18µm CMOS process and operates from 100MHz to 1GHz.
Staining of Blood Cells with Periodic Acid/Salicyloyl Hydrazide (PA-SH) (1966)

Abstract Stoward1 conjugated acidified solutions of salicyloyl hydrazide with the dialdehydes formed from the periodic acid oxidation of vicinal glycols in guinea pig tissue sections. The method has now been utilized, with minor modification, to demonstrate glycogen in blood and marrow cells, and it has been compared with the periodic acid-Schiff reaction and with a fluorescent acriflavine Schiff-type method. It is felt that the PA-SH method will replace the existing Schiff-type fluorescent methods and that it will prove to be a useful technic to aid in the diagnosis of blood conditions, such as acute leukemia, where PAS positivity is known to occur.
An update on the use of 5alpha-reductase inhibitors (2004)

Twelve years ago, finasteride, the first 5alpha-reductase inhibitor, was introduced as drug therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia, and more recently dutasteride has emerged as an alternative. The efficacy, safety and ability of these 5alpha-reductase inhibitors to reverse the natural progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia have been convincingly demonstrated and both drugs are now well established in the medical armamentarium against the disease. Given the multifactorial etiology of benign hyperplasia, the usefulness of 5alpha-reductase inhibitors in combination with alpha adrenergic blockers has also been investigated and justified in select patients. Wider applications of 5alpha-reductase inhibitors are also emerging, though their perhaps most important new role as chemopreventive agents remains unclear.
An Adaptive Hybrid Server Architecture for Client Caching ODBMSs (1999)

Current client-server object database management systems employ either a page server or an object server architecture. Both of these architectures have their respective strengths, but they also have key drawbacks for important system and workload configurations. We propose a new hybrid server architecture which combines the best features of both page server and object server architectures while avoiding their problems. The new architecture incorporates new or adapted versions of data transfer, recovery, and cache consistency algorithms; in this paper we focus only on the data transfer and recovery issues. The data transfer mechanism allows the hybrid server to dynamically behave as both page and object server. The performance comparison of the hybrid server with object and page servers indicates that the performance of the hybrid server is more robust than the others.