gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Characterization of PEG-Grafted Silica Particles Using Emulsion (2006)

In this study, aimed at preparing PEG-grafted silica particles, PEGME-IPTES with a silane coupling agent was synthesized by the reaction of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (PEGME) with 3- (triethoxysilyl)propyl isocyanate (IPTES). The molecular weight of PEGME was varied (350, 750, or 2000). By utilizing a sol-gel method in a W/O emulsion, both spherical silica particles and PEG-grafted silica particles were obtained. The syntheses of PEGME-IPTES and the PEG-grafted silica particles were confirmed using FT-IR spectroscopy. As the molecular weight of PEGME used in the synthesis of the PEGME-IPTES precursor increased, the amount of PEG grafted onto the surface of the silica particles increased. In addition, the surface areas of the PEG-grafted silica particles were smaller than that of the bare silica particles. The surface morphologies were characterized by FE-SEM, TGA and BET surface area measurements.
Binary liquid phase separation and critical phenomena in a protein/water solution. (1987)

We have investigated the phase diagram of aqueous solutions of the bovine lens protein gamma II-crystallin. For temperatures T less than Tc = 278.5 K, we find that these solutions exhibit a reversible coexistence between two isotropic liquid phases differing in protein concentration. The dilute and concentrated branches of the coexistence curve were characterized, consistently, both by measurements of the two coexisting concentrations, c(T), and by measuring the cloud temperatures for various initial concentrations. We estimate that the critical concentration, cc, is 244 mg of protein per ml solution. The coexistence curve is well represented by the absolute value of (c - cc)/cc = 5.2 square root (Tc - T)/Tc. Using the temperature dependence of the scattered light intensity along isochores parallel to the critical isochore, we estimated the location of the spinodal line and found it to have the form (c - cc)/cc = 3.0 square root (Tc - T)/Tc. The ratio of the widths of the coexistence curve and the spinodal line, (5.2/3.0), is close to the mean-field value square root 3. We have also observed the growth of large crystals of gamma II-crystallin in some of these aqueous solutions and have made preliminary observations as to the factors that promote or delay the onset of crystallization. These findings suggest that selected protein/water systems can serve as excellent model systems for the study of phase transitions and critical phenomena.
Safety and Effectiveness of Coadministration of Guanfacine Extended Release and Psychostimulants in Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (2009)

Coadministration of GXR and MPH or AMP was generally safe and associated with statistically significant and clinically meaningful ADHD symptom improvement in children and adolescents.
Image Warping Using Few Anchor Points and Radial Functions (1995)

Abstract Transformations based on radial basis junctions have proven to be a powerful tool in image warping. In the present work we decompose these transformations into linear and radial terms, and show examples where such a decomposition is advantageous. Locally supported basis functions are introduced. Several applications are demonstrated, and a comparison with other warping techniques is carried out. Finally, some fine points of image warping are discussed.
Central-Nervous-System Active Compounds .XVI. Some Chemistry of 6-Oxo Caprolactams Derived From an Enamine Ring-Expansion Synthesis (1985)

Several 6-oxo caprolactam derivatives have been prepared by the ring- expansion of enaminopyrrolidones with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate . Other acetylenic systems did not react. The products exist in the enol form of the ß- keto ester system are are very resistant towards hydrolysis. They react with hydrazine and phenylhydrazine to form pyrazolo [3,4-c] azepinones in low yield. Many of the caprolactams and their pyrazolo -fused derivatives show central nervous system activity of a depressant nature in mice.
Protein changes observed in pacing‐induced heart failure using two‐dimensional electrophoresis (1998)

Rapid ventricular pacing in dogs results in a low output cardiomyopathic state which is similar to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in man. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms which cause this failure following pacing are unknown. Five dogs underwent rapid ventricular pacing. Hearts were stimulated at 245 beats per min (bpm) for four weeks and then reduced to 190 bpm to stabilize the failure. Six unoperated dogs were used as controls. This paper compares the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) protein patterns of left ventricular samples from the paced myocardium with the control dogs. Changes in protein expression were analyzed qualitatively and semi-quantitatively. In the paced dog samples 69 protein spots were significantly altered of which 42 were decreased and 27 were elevated. One qualitative change was observed: elongation factor Tu was present only the control hearts. Of these proteins, 20 have been identified by a combination of N-terminal protein microsequencing, peptide mass profiling by mass spectrometry, amino acid compositional analysis, and by comparison with databases of canine and human ventricular proteins. Ten of these are associated with mitochondria and energy production, including: pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component, isocitrate dehydrogenase subunit alpha, HSP60 and HSP70, creatine kinase M and fatty acid binding protein. The cytoskeletal protein desmin was detected in reduced quantities and a spot corresponding to a fragment of desmin was increased. These results indicate that the development of heart failure in the paced dog involves alterations in mitochondrial energy production, the cytoskeleton and calcium activation.
Different zonal distribution of the asialoglycoprotein receptor, the α2-macroglobulin receptor/low-density-lipoprotein receptor-related protein and the lipoprotein-remnant receptor of rat liver parenchymal cells (1994)

Periportal and perivenous parenchymal cells were isolated by the digitonin-pulse perfusion method. The digitonin-pulse perfusion was shown to lead to selective lysis of the correct zone with a straight and sharp border of two to three cells. The mean ratios of alanine aminotransferase activity (a marker for periportal parenchymal cells) and glutamine synthetase activity (a perivenous marker) of periportal to perivenous parenchymal cells were 1.76 and 0.025 respectively. Cells were incubated in vitro with 125I-asialo-orosomucoid (ASOR), 125I-trypsin-activated alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M-T) or 125I-beta-migrating very-low-density lipoprotein (beta-VLDL), in order to determine the zonal distribution of the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPr), the alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor/low-density-lipoprotein receptor-related protein (alpha 2Mr/LRP) and the lipoprotein-remnant receptor, respectively. Maximum binding capacity for 125I-ASOR on parenchymal cells showed a periportal/perivenous ratio of 0.70. The periportal/perivenous ratio of Bmax. values of binding of 125I-alpha 2M-T to parenchymal cells was 1.51. The Bmax. values of binding of 125I-beta-VLDL, however, were about equal for both cell populations. It is concluded that the maximum binding capacity of the ASGPr on isolated periportal parenchymal cells is 0.70 times that of perivenous parenchymal cells. The 1.51-fold higher expression of the alpha 2Mr/LRP on periportal cells, compared with perivenous parenchymal cells, indicates a zonal specialization for the uptake of the suggested multiple ligands. In contrast, the observed homogeneous distribution of the lipoprotein-remnant receptor is in accordance with the suggestion that lipoprotein remnants bind to a specific receptor, which is different from the alpha 2Mr/LRP. The zonal heterogeneity in the expression of receptors suggests that receptor-dependent uptake pathways are under zonal control, leading to intrahepatic heterogeneity in the removal of ligands from the blood circulation.
Somatic Embryogenesis in Cassava: The Anatomy and Morphology of the Regeneration Process (1987)

Anatomical and morphological studies demonstrated that somatic embryos developed similarly on mature seed and clonal leaf explants of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) cultured for 20–24 d on Murashige and Skoog (MS2) basal medium supplemented with 4.0 mg l−1 2,4-D (Stage 1) before transfer to MS2 basal medium supplemented with 0–01 mg l−1 2,4-D and 0–1 mg l−1 6-benzylaminopurine (Stage II medium). Within 7 d of inoculation onto Stage I medium, cell divisions occurred in the adaxial tissues of cotyledon-piece and leaf-lobe explants, and associated with this was the development of embryogenetic protusions and ridges on the adaxial surface. Foliose structures and somatic embryo initials developed from these tissues on cotyledon, embryonic axis and leaf-lobe explants and, when cultures were transferred to Stage II medium, further somatic embryo development occurred. Somatic embryos apparently originated from groups of cells and were identified by the presence of a closed root axis, a shoot axis and cotyledons of similar shape and venation to those of zygotic embryos. Somatic embryos had no vascular connection with parental cultures.
A PMOSFET ESD failure caused by localized charge injection (2004)

A new failure mechanism of PMOSFET devices under ESD conditions is reported and analyzed by investigating various I/O structures. Localized turn-on of the parasitic pnp transistor can be caused by localized charge injection into the body of the PMOSFET. Critical layout parameters affecting this problem are discussed based on 2-D device simulations. A general strategy for avoiding this failure mode is also suggested.
Tear Propagation of a High Performance Airship Envelope Material (2007)

In a design criterion of a nonrigid airship, such as FAA-P-8110-2, Airship Design Criteria, it is specified to measure the tear strength of the envelope material. However, the tear strength itself has no definite relationship with the actual tear propagation characteristics of an airship envelope material. Therefore, there are several investigations to establish the relationship. To study it, tests are conducted to measure the tear propagation stress to find the appropriate formula. To simulate the actual stress field, two kinds of tests are carried out: a biaxial tensile test and a pressurized cylinder test. Both tests simulate the biaxial stress field on an airship envelope. The material tested is the high-strength and lightweight envelope material, Z2929T-AB. This is one of the envelope materials with Zylon as its base fabric and is developed especially for the technology demonstrator of a stratospheric platform. This material has a density as low as 157 g/m 2 ; nevertheless, the tensile strength is as high as 997 N/cm. The measurement is made to find the stress that initiates the tear propagation. The data are fitted to Thiele's formula and the correlation is excellent. By using Thiele's empirical equation, the minimum slit size of the tear propagation under the limit stress is estimated. For the technology demonstrator of the stratospheric platform, which is planned to have an overall length of 150 m and the maximum diameter of 38 m, the slit size of less than 40 mm does not allow tear propagation under the limit load. The consideration of the stress field near the slit introduces a different approach for the empirical formula, and this leads to the equation which correlates very well the tear propagation stress with the tensile strength of the envelope material. These two results are described, as well as the test details.
Localization Using Magnetic Patterns for Autonomous Mobile Robot (2014)

In this paper, we present a method of localization using magnetic landmarks. With this method, it is possible to compensate the pose error ( x e , y e , θ e ) of a mobile robot correctly and localize its current position on a global coordinate system on the surface of a structured environment with magnetic landmarks. A set of four magnetic bars forms total six different patterns of landmarks and these patterns can be read by the mobile robot with magnetic hall sensors. A sequential motion strategy for a mobile robot is proposed to find the geometric center of magnetic landmarks by reading the nonlinear magnetic field. The mobile robot first moves into the center region of the landmark where it can read the magnetic pattern, after which tracking and global localization can be easily achieved by recognizing the patterns of neighboring landmarks. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the sequential motion strategy for estimating the center of the first encountered landmark as well as the performance of tracking and global localization of the proposed system.
The JavaTM Language Environment (1998)

methods are a powerful construct in the object-oriented paradigm. To understand abstract methods, we look at the notion of an abstract superclass. An abstract superclass is a class in which you declare methods that aren’t actually implemented by that class—they only provide place-holders that subsequent subclasses must override and supply their actual implementation. This all sounds wonderfully, well, abstract, so why would you need an abstract superclass? Let’s look at a concrete example, no pun intended. Let’s suppose you’re going to a restaurant for dinner, and you decide that tonight you want to eat fish. Well, fish is somewhat abstract—you generally wouldn’t just order fish; the waiter is highly likely to ask you what specific kind of fish you want. When you actually get to the restaurant, you will find out what kind of fish they have, and order a specific fish, say, sturgeon, or salmon, or opakapaka. In the world of objects, an abstract class is like generic fish—the abstract class defines generic state and generic behavior, but you’ll never see a real live implementation of an abstract class. What you will see is a concrete subclass of the abstract class, just as opakapaka is a specific (concrete) kind of fish. Suppose you are creating a drawing application. The initial cut of your application can draw rectangles, lines, circles, polygons, and so on. Furthermore, you have a series of operations you can perform on the shapes—move, reshape, rotate, fill color, and so on. You could make each of these graphic shapes a separate class—you’d have a Rectangle class, a Line
Biochemical Assessment of Myocardial Fibrosis in Hypertensive Heart Disease (2001)

Fibrous tissue accumulation is an integral feature of the adverse structural remodeling of cardiac tissue seen with hypertensive heart disease. Given the importance of fibrous tissue in leading to myocardial dysfunction and failure, noninvasive monitoring of myocardial fibrosis by use of serological markers of collagen turnover could prove a clinically useful tool, particularly given the potential for cardioprotective and cardioreparative pharmacological strategies. An emerging experimental and clinical experience holds promise for the use of radioimmunoassays of various serological markers of fibrillar collagen type I and type III turnover in arterial hypertension. More specifically, the measurement of serum concentrations of procollagen type I C-terminal propeptide (a peptide that is cleaved from procollagen type I during the synthesis of fibril-forming collagen type I) may provide indirect diagnostic information on both the extent of myocardial fibrosis and the ability of antihypertensive treatment to diminish collagen type I synthesis and reduce myocardial fibrosis. This approach represents an exciting and innovative strategy, and available data set the stage for larger trials, in which noninvasive measures of fibrosis in hypertensive heart disease could prove useful.
[Etiology of bladder cancer]. (1985)

Multiple agents have been suggested as urinary bladder carcinogens. Of these, certain aromatic amines and some tryptophan metabolites (Anthranilic acid, 3 hydroxy Anthranilic acid) have been proved to be carcinogenic. Others are suggested but are not conclusively proved as carcinogenic agents. Various animal species have been used as experimental models for the study of induction of cancer of the bladder and substantial progress has been made in the search for etiologic factors and pathogenesis of bladder tumors. A carcinogenic model of cancer bladder induction is proposed. However, knowledge of the tumorigenesis of cancer of the bladder is still limited and fragmentary. It appears, however, that Tryptophan dysmetabolism play a major role in this field and future experimental and epidemiologic studies should take this fact into consideration.
A 16-channel CMOS neural stimulating array (1992)

A probe designed for the highly selective long-term stimulation of neuronal assemblies in the central nervous system is described. The micromachined multishank probe incorporates CMOS circuitry to control the output current on 16 iridium oxide (IrO) electrode sites. Serial site addresses and current amplitude data are loaded into the probe at 4 MHz and converted to analog stimulus currents. The probe circuitry dissipates only 80 mu W from +or-5-V supplies when not delivering stimulus currents and uses five external leads. It permits the IrO sites to be activated by voltammetry from off-chip, provides per-channel pulse time-outs to prevent accidental overstimulation of the tissue, and signals the external world, using a status bit, in the event of certain trouble conditions. The stimulating site impedances and the stimulus currents can be measured from off chip on demand. The circuitry is implemented in a single-metal, single-poly, CMOS process with 3- mu m minimum features using 7100 transistors in an area of 11 mm/sup 2/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Factors determining frequency of plasmid cointegration mediated by insertion sequence IS <i>1</i> (1982)

We demonstrate that mutants with deletions at either end of the insertion sequence IS1 lose the ability to mediate cointegration of two plasmids, whereas mutants with deletions or an insertion within IS1 can mediate cointegration at a reduced frequency. These results, together with the nucleotide sequence analysis of the IS1 mutants, indicate that the two ends of IS1 (insL and insR) and two genes (insA and insB) that are encoded by IS1 are required for cointegration. Using a plasmid carrying two copies of IS1, we found that the individual IS1s mediate cointegration at different characteristic frequencies, and that each of two parts of plasmid DNA segments flanked by the two IS1s is a transposon, mediating plasmid cointegration at a unique frequency. When one IS1 was replaced with a mutant IS1, the remaining wild-type IS1 complemented the cointegration ability of the mutant IS1 as well as a resulting mutant transposon that was then flanked by a wild-type IS1 and a mutant IS1. The efficiency of this complementation reflected the characteristic ability of an individual IS1 present on the plasmid to promote cointegration. The results suggest that the IS1-encoded proteins are produced in different amounts, depending on the location of IS1 in the plasmid, and that these amounts determine the efficiency of complementation of the cointegration ability of a mutant IS1 as well as a mutant transposon. However, the location of an individual IS1 itself can also determine the frequency of cointegration in the presence of a given amount of the IS1 proteins. On the basis of the observation that the cointegration ability of a mutant IS1 is less efficiently complemented than is the ability of a mutant transposon, we also suggest that the IS1-encoded proteins can function in trans, but act preferentially on the IS1 or transposon sequence from which they are produced in promoting cointegration.
Helicobacter pylori Eradication to Prevent Gastric Cancer in a High-Risk Region of China (2004)

We found that the incidence of gastric cancer development at the population level was similar between participants receiving H pylori eradication treatment and those receiving placebo during a period of 7.5 years in a high-risk region of China. In the subgroup of H pylori carriers without precancerous lesions, eradication of H pylori significantly decreased the development of gastric cancer. Further studies to investigate the role of H pylori eradication in participants with precancerous lesions are warranted.
Evaluating Robust Regression Techniques for Detrending Crop Yield Data with Nonnormal Errors (1991)

Abstract Although ordinary least squares is not efficient when errors are not distributed normally, it generates better crop yield trend coefficient estimates than six alternative robust regression methods. This is because of the econometric properties of an uninterrupted series independent variable as well as the level of skewness typical of corn yields. The evaluation covers actual farm‐level corn yield series as well as a set of “contaminated” data series and one thousand sets of Monte Carlo yield series. Where an influential end‐of‐series outlier is suspected, the DFBETAS regression diagnostic statistic is recommended.
Use of state trajectory prediction in hysteresis control for achieving fast transient response of the buck converter (2003)

A dynamic hysteresis control of the buck converter for achieving high slew-rate response to disturbances is proposed. The hysteresis band is derived from the output capacitor current that predicts the output voltage magnitude after a hypothesized switching action. Four switching criteria are formulated to dictate the state of the main switch. The output voltage can revert to the steady state in two switching actions after a large-signal disturbance. The technique is verified with the experimental results of a 50W buck converter.
Effective use of computing technology in vote-tallying (1978)

The results of a systems analysis and evaluation conducted on the role of automatic digital processing in vote-tallying are presented. Included in the report are descriptions of hardware, software, and administrative problems encountered in fourteen elections in which electronic computing technology was utilized.
DIETARY EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CANCER OF THE COLON IN WESTERN NEW YORK (1988)

The authors interviewed 428 pathologically confirmed cases of colon cancer and controls matched on age, sex, race, and neighborhood in the New York counties containing the cities of Buffalo, Niagara Falls, and Rochester. Risk of colon cancer in both males and females, studied separately, appeared to increase with the amount of total fats and total calories ingested. In addition, we found the risk to increase with increases in the Quetelet index of relative weight (weight (kg)/height (m)2). Dietary fiber was only equivocally associated with risk. Fats and Quetelet index were associated with increased risk in a regression analysis adjusting each factor for the other, as well as for fiber, age, and socioeconomic status. The same was true for calories and Quetelet index. Future efforts to clarify a possible protective role for fiber and to disentangle the effects of fats and calories need to be undertaken. The fact that calories ingested and obesity are each associated with increased risk suggests the importance of studying calorie expenditure.
New paradigms for active and passive 3D remote object sensing, visualization, and recognition (2008)

Three dimensional imaging is a powerful tool for object detection, identification, and classification. 3D imaging allows removal of partial obscurations in front of the imaged object. Traditional 3D image sensing has been Laser Radar (LADAR) based. Active imaging has benefits; however, its disadvantages are costs, detector array complexity, power, weight, and size. In this keynote address paper, we present an overview of 3D sensing approaches based on passive sensing using commercially available detector technology. 3D passive sensing will provide many benefits, including advantages at shorter ranges. For small, inexpensive UAVs, it is likely that 3D passive imaging will be preferable to active 3D imaging.