gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS_2) as a broadband saturable absorber for ultra-fast photonics (2014)

The nonlinear optical property of few-layered MoS₂ nanoplatelets synthesized by the hydrothermal exfoliation method was investigated from the visible to the near-infrared band using lasers. Both open-aperture Z-scan and balanced-detector measurement techniques were used to demonstrate the broadband saturable absorption property of few-layered MoS₂. To explore its potential applications in ultrafast photonics, we fabricated a passive mode locker for ytterbium-doped fibre laser by depositing few-layered MoS₂ onto the end facet of optical fiber by means of an optical trapping approach. Our laser experiment shows that few-layer MoS₂-based mode locker allows for the generation of stable mode-locked laser pulse, centered at 1054.3 nm, with a 3-dB spectral bandwidth of 2.7 nm and a pulse duration of 800 ps. Our finding suggests that few-layered MoS₂ nanoplatelets can be useful nonlinear optical material for laser photonics devices, such as passive laser mode locker, Q-switcher, optical limiter, optical switcher and so on.
Inhibition of the Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup>Exchanger Confers Greater Cardioprotection Against 90 Minutes of Myocardial Ischemia Than Ischemic Preconditioning in Dogs (1999)

These data demonstrate that although IPC and NHE-1 inhibition provide comparable protection against 60 minutes of myocardial ischemia, NHE-1 inhibition is more efficacious than IPC at protecting against a 90-minute ischemic insult. Furthermore, the combination of NHE-1 inhibition and IPC produces a greater-than-additive reduction in IS/AAR, suggesting either that NHE activity limits the efficacy of IPC or that different mechanisms are involved in the cardioprotective effect of IPC and NHE-1 inhibition.
SS-DNA-decorated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes integrated on CMOS circuitry for high sensitivity gas sensing (2009)

In this paper, we demonstrate the integration of single-stranded-DNA (ss-DNA) decorated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) onto complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuitry for gas sensing applications. Utilizing dielectrophoresis (DEP) assembly, a simple and a low temperature process, we first demonstrate integration of SWNTs onto CMOS circuitry at the die level. SWNTs are sensitive to numerous odors, and functionalization of SWNTs with biomolecular complexes further enhances their sensing specificity and sensitivity. This was demonstrated when we attached ss-DNA around SWNTs and our results indicated twice the sensitivity of the sensors compared to the plain SWNTs. The remarkable set of attributes of the SWNTs coupled with the ss-DNA molecules provides an attractive platform for ultra sensitive electronic nose type of applications.
Role for miR-204 in human pulmonary arterial hypertension (2011)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by enhanced proliferation and reduced apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Because microRNAs have been recently implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis, we hypothesized that these regulatory molecules might be implicated in the etiology of PAH. In this study, we show that miR-204 expression in PASMCs is down-regulated in both human and rodent PAH. miR-204 down-regulation correlates with PAH severity and accounts for the proliferative and antiapoptotic phenotypes of PAH-PASMCs. STAT3 activation suppresses miR-204 expression, and miR-204 directly targets SHP2 expression, thereby SHP2 up-regulation, by miR-204 down-regulation, activates the Src kinase and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). STAT3 also directly induces NFATc2 expression. NFAT and SHP2 were needed to sustain PAH-PASMC proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. Finally, delivery of synthetic miR-204 to the lungs of animals with PAH significantly reduced disease severity. This study uncovers a new regulatory pathway involving miR-204 that is critical to the etiology of PAH and indicates that reestablishing miR-204 expression should be explored as a potential new therapy for this disease.
Separation of haemoglobins on cellulose acetate. (1969)

Technical methods a tetracoccus, but the majority grow in single form.
Silicon Surface-Barrier Photocells (1962)

This paper describes the properties of surface-barrier photocells on silicon. In particular, data are given on photocurrent versus light intensity, photocurrent versus reverse bias voltage, open-circuit photovoltage versus light intensity, open-circuit photovoltage versus wavelength of light, open-circuit photovoltage versus temperature, and photocurrent versus temperature. An interesting multiplication effect of optically excited carriers is observed at lower temperatures. The theory of the surface-barrier photoeffect is further generalized.
Channel estimation for multicarrier multiple input single output systems using the em algorithm (2003)

This paper investigates the problem of blindly and semi-blindly acquiring the channel gains for an underdetermined synchronous multiuser multicarrier system. The special case of a multiple-input single-output (MISO) channel is considered where the different users transmit at the same time and in the same bandwidth. In order to separate the different users blindly, techniques exploiting the finite alphabet are used. For such techniques, and for a general underdetermined MIMO system, we study conditions under which the channel and the data for each user are blindly and semi-blindly identifiable. We consider the stochastic maximum likelihood (SML) criterion in which the unknown input symbols are modeled as discrete random variables. We apply the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm in the frequency domain to get blind and semi-blind channel estimates for each user in the MISO case. We also present a recursive EM solution that updates the channel and noise estimates at each time instant. Simulations show that users can be separated, even at low SNR. Furthermore, semi-blind estimation allows for a more robust estimation solution since a possible singularity problem is avoided.
Theoretical and experimental aspects of three-dimensional infrared photothermal radiometry of semiconductors (1999)

A general theoretical model for the infrared photothermal radiometric (PTR) signal from a semiconductor wafer is developed for the case of three-dimensional sample geometry with finite thickness. Carrier diffusion and heat conduction along the radial direction of the sample as well as along the thickness coordinate are taken into account. The simulated results for the modulation frequency dependence of the PTR signal amplitude and phase are applied to experimental data from Si wafers. Good agreement between the theoretical and experimental curves is obtained and several electronic and thermophysical parameters are estimated. This indicates that the three-dimensional PTR measurement is useful to remotely characterize semiconductor wafers patterned for large scale integrated circuits.
Emerging Therapies to Prevent Skeletal Morbidity in Men With Prostate Cancer (2011)

Skeletal morbidity is a prominent burden to men with advanced prostate cancer throughout the natural history of the disease. Bone metastases can cause pain and greatly elevate the risk for fractures and other structural complications. Distinct from the problem of metastases, treatment-related osteoporosis and associated fragility fractures are potential complications of androgen-deprivation therapy. Bone-targeted therapies for prostate cancer have therefore been the focus of considerable research and drug development efforts. The osteoclast is a validated therapeutic target in the management of prostate cancer. Osteoclast inhibition with zoledronic acid (a bisphosphonate) or with denosumab (a monoclonal antibody to RANK ligand) reduces risk for skeletal events in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer metastatic to bone. Osteoclast inhibition with any of several bisphosphonates improves bone mineral density, a surrogate for osteoporotic fracture risk. Denosumab and toremifene (a selective estrogen receptor modulator) have each been shown to reduce osteoporotic fracture risk among men receiving androgen-deprivation therapy. Beta-emitting radiopharmaceuticals reduce pain due to metastatic disease. Investigations involving alpha-emitting radium-223, endothelin-A receptor antagonists atrasentan and zibotentan, proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase (SRC) inhibitor dasatinib, and tyrosine kinase inhibitor cabozantinib (XL184) are ongoing in clinical trials and are also discussed.
Scalable Coating and Properties of Transparent, Flexible, Silver Nanowire Electrodes (2011)

We report a comprehensive study of transparent and conductive silver nanowire (Ag NW) electrodes, including a scalable fabrication process, morphologies, and optical, mechanical adhesion, and flexibility properties, and various routes to improve the performance. We utilized a synthesis specifically designed for long and thin wires for improved performance in terms of sheet resistance and optical transmittance.
Alignment of x‐ray tube focal spots for spectral measurement (1982)

A general method to align a diagnostic x-ray machine for x-ray spectrum measurement purpose was theoretically and experimentally investigated by means of the optical alignment of focal pinhole images. Focal pinhole images were obtained by using a multi-pinholed lead plate. the vertical plane, including the central axis and tube axis, was decided upon by observing the symmetry of focal images. the central axis was designated as a line through the center of focus parallel to the target surface lying in the vertical plane. A method to determine the manipulation of the central axis in any direction is presented.
<i>Coxiella burnetii</i>Inhibits Apoptosis in Human THP-1 Cells and Monkey Primary Alveolar Macrophages (2007)

Coxiella burnetii, the cause of human Q fever, is an aerosol-borne, obligate intracellular bacterium that targets host alveolar mononuclear phagocytic cells during infection. In all cell types examined, C. burnetii establishes a replicative niche in a lysosome-like parasitophorous vacuole where it carries out a lengthy infectious cycle with minimal cytopathic effects. The persistent and mild nature of C. burnetii infection in vitro suggests that the pathogen modulates apoptosis to sustain the host cell. In the current study, we examined the ability of C. burnetii to inhibit apoptotic cell death during infection of human THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages and primary monkey alveolar macrophages. C. burnetii-infected cells demonstrated significant protection from death relative to uninfected cells following treatment with staurosporine, a potent inducer of intrinsic apoptosis. This protection correlated with reduced cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-3, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), all proteolytic events that occur during apoptosis. Reduced PARP cleavage was also observed in cells treated with tumor necrosis factor alpha to induce extrinsic apoptosis. Apoptosis inhibition was a C. burnetii-driven process as infected cells treated with rifampin or chloramphenicol, inhibitors of bacterial RNA and protein synthesis, respectively, showed significantly reduced protection against staurosporine-induced apoptosis. C. burnetii infection affected the expression of multiple apoptosis-related genes and resulted in increased synthesis of the antiapoptotic proteins A1/Bfl-1 and c-IAP2. Collectively, these data suggest that C. burnetii modulates apoptotic pathways to inhibit host cell death, thus providing a stable, intracellular niche for the course of the pathogen's infectious cycle.
Fluorescent liquid-crystal display utilizing an electric-field-induced cholesteric-nematic transition (1977)

An electric-field-induced cholesteric-nematic transition on a sample containing a europium chelate guest molecule of little or no polarization shows contrast ratios as high as 9 : 1 for its brilliant red (612 nm) fluorescence.
Photon Number-Resolved Detection With Sequentially Connected Nanowires (2007)

Sequentially connected superconducting nanowires, such as nanopatterned meanders, are very promising candidates for single-photon detectors capable to resolve a number of photons in the pulse. In such devices, the photon number-resolved (PNR) mode is possible due to independent detection of electromagnetic quanta by different regions of the meander. Every photon creates a resistive region in the superconductive meander and the total resistance is expected to be proportional to the number of photons absorbed. While the PNR mode can be realized with available single-photon detectors based on NbN nanowires, up to now it has not been observed experimentally. Here we show that the PNR mode in NbN requires the proper impedance matching between readout circuitry and nanowire-based detector. We discuss possible design of the readout circuitry for PNR detection. Results of modeling show that a high impedance amplifier placed in close proximity to the superconducting nanostructure can provide effective readout for the NbN nanowire-based detector operating in PNR mode.
Exhaust Emissions Related to Engine Combustion Reactions (1966)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Gas sampling and analysis techniques developed for studying preflame reactions were applied to determine combustion chamber formation of inorganic and organic materials found in spark-ignition engine exhaust.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Results show that oxides of nitrogen are flame-formed, decay somewhat in the post flame gases, and then are “frozen” from further decomposition. The exhaust nitrogen oxide concentration is a weighted average of the spatial- and time-dependent combustion chamber concentrations.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Organic exhaust constituents contributed by combustion-chamber slow-combustion reactions were chromatographically found to include olefins, aldehydes, ketones, and ring ethers when operating with isooctane fuel. Addition of TEL to the fuel inhibits slow-combustion reactivity reducing concentrations of slow-combustion products in the exhaust.</div>
<title>Full-color ultragrams</title> (1992)

The one-step ultragram, a flexible-format computer-graphic holographic stereogram, is demonstrated in full color. Geometric limitations due to parallel diffusion screen and integral exposure planes are discussed. Image processing and translation schemes that allow for multicolor registration are demonstrated. Emphasis is placed on the pre- and post-swelling color techniques used to register color separated, predistorted component images in order to produce full-color reflection-format stereograms. Experiments using a single laser wavelength to produce a one-step white light-viewable image for each component color are presented. The wide view angle afforded by the flexible ultragram recording geometry, combined with a true color technique, is shown to result in a practical hardcopy display of three-dimensional computer-generated scenes.
Development of an active truss element for control of precision structures (1990)

An active structural element for use in precision control of large space structures is described. The active member is intended to replace a passive strut in a truss-like structure. It incorporates an eddy current displacement sensor and an actuator that is either piezoelectric (PZT) or electrostrictive (PMN). The design of the device is summarized. Performance of separate PZT and PMN actuators is compared for several properties relevant to submicrometer control of precision structures.
Less than "certain" medical testimony. (1978)

Modularity is an important concept in evolutionary theorizing but lack of a consistent definition renders study difficult. Using the generalised NK-model of fitness landscapes, we differentiate modularity from decomposability. Modular and decomposable systems are both composed of subsystems but in the former these subsystems are connected via interface standards while in the latter subsystems are completely isolated. We derive the optimal level of modularity, which minimises the time required to globally optimise a system, both for the case of two-layered systems and for the general case of multi-layered hierarchical systems containing modules within modules. This derivation supports the hypothesis of modularity as a mechanism to increase the speed of evolution. Our formal definition clarifies the concept of modularity and provides a framework and an analytical baseline for further research.
5-Hydroxytryptamine 4(a) Receptor Is Coupled to the Gα Subunit of Heterotrimeric G13 Protein (2002)

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)) is an important neurotransmitter that regulates multiple events in the central nervous system. Many of the 5-HT functions are mediated via G protein-coupled receptors that are coupled to multiple heterotrimeric G proteins, including G(s), G(i), and G(q) subfamilies (Martin, G. R., Eglen, R. M., Hamblin, M. W., Hoyer, D., and Yocca, F. (1998) Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 19, 2-4). Here we show for the first time that the 5-hydroxytryptamine 4(a) receptor (5-HT(4(a))) is coupled not only to heterotrimeric G(s) but also to G(13) protein, as assessed both by biochemical and functional assays. Using reconstitution of 5-HT(4(a)) receptor with different G proteins in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf.9) cells, we have proved that agonist stimulation of receptor-induced guanosine 5'-(3-O-thio)triphosphate binding to Galpha(13) protein. We then determined that expression of 5-HT(4(a)) receptor in mammalian cells induced constitutive- as well as agonist-promoted activation of a transcription factor, serum response element, through the activation of Galpha(13) and RhoA. Finally, we have determined that expression of 5-HT(4(a)) receptor in neuroblastoma x glioma NIE-115 cells cause RhoA-dependent neurite retraction and cell rounding under basal conditions and after agonist stimulation. These data suggest that by activating 5-HT(4(a)) receptor-G(13) pathway, serotonin plays a prominent role in regulating neuronal architecture in addition to its classical role in neurotransmission.
Hot or cold in anal pain? (1986)

In 26 volunteers without anorectal complaints, and in 31 patients with anorectal problems such as hemorrhoidal disease, anal fissure, and proctalgia fugax, baseline resting anal canal pressures were recorded manometrically for 5 minutes at room temperature (23 degrees C). In 16 volunteers (Group A) and 21 patients (Group B) anorectal manometry was then performed while the anus was immersed in water at varying temperatures (5 degrees C, 23 degrees C, and 40 degrees C). In ten volunteers (Group A') and ten patients (Group B') resting pressures were recorded for an additional 30 minutes following immersion for 5 minutes at 40 degrees C. In all subjects (at least P less than 0.01), resting anal canal pressures diminished significantly from baseline after immersion at 40 degrees C, but remained unchanged in all subjects after immersion at 5 degrees C and 23 degrees C. In Group A', anal canal pressures remained significantly reduced for 15 minutes (P less than 0.02). In Group B', significant reduction in resting pressure lasted 30 minutes (P less than 0.02). Wet heat applied to the anal sphincter apparatus significantly and reproducibly decreased resting anal canal pressures over time, and therefore was likely to benefit patients after anorectal operations and those with anorectal pain.
Absence d'effet de la vitamine D sur la phytase et la phosphatase alcaline intestinales : relation avec l'absorption du phosphore phytique chez le porc (1985)

At least two-thirds of the phosphorus ingested by pigs is in the form of phytates. Two intestinal vitamin D-sensitive enzymes, alkaline phosphatase and phytase, might be involved in phytate-P digestion. The effects of dietary vitamin D upon the two intestinal phosphatases and P utilization in pigs fed a high phytate-P diet are reported here. Fourteen vit. D-depleted pigs (25-hydroxy vit. D: about 2 ng/ml plasma) were divided into two groups fed the same basal diet containing 0.6% P (of which 80% was phytic) and 0.6% Ca. One group (+D) was supplemented for 5 weeks with vit. D (1 000 IU D3/kg diet) and the other (-D) received none. P absorption and retention was two times higher in +D pigs than in -D animals (balance technique), and tibia X-ray pictures showed a lower bone density with the -D diet than with the +D diet. Surprisingly, vit. D supplementation had no effect on either of the mucosal enzymes (phytase and alkaline phosphatase). It may be concluded that vit. D improves phytate-P absorption via a mechanism which does not involve an increase in the activity of the intestinal phosphatases.
[A case of right phrenic nerve paralysis as a complication of internal jugular vein cannulation by anterior approach]. (1993)

We report a case of right phrenic nerve paralysis caused accidentally by compression after internal carotid artery puncture. Postoperatively she received respiratory management and conservative treatment after extubation. Cases of phrenic nerve paralysis following cardiac surgery have been reported, but paralysis as a complication of internal jugular vein cannulation by anterior approach is rare.
Suspension polymerization of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate in the presence of polymeric diluents: A novel route to spherical highly porous beads for biomedical applications (1990)

Spherical, highly porous beads of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) cross-linked with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM) were prepared by suspension polymerization of HEMA in concentrated NaCl solutions in presence of toluene, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in toluene, and poly(tetramethylene glycol) (PTMG). Magnesium hydroxide prepared in situ in the dispersion medium gave the best stabilization effect for the monomer droplets. In the presence of PTMG, beads having nearly 1.0 mm in diameter could be prepared, while toluene alone as the diluent produced beads of very small size. Removal of PMMA or PTMG from the beads after polymerization using suitable solvents gave rise to highly porous PHEMA microspsheres. Polymerization in the presence of PTMG produced microspsheres with better spherical geometry as compared to those generated in the presence of PMMA. The effect of various factors such as NaCl concentration, concentration of Mg(OH)2, and the concentration of PMMA or PTMG in the monomer phase on the stability of the suspension and the particle size distribution was investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOSILICON DERIVATIVES OF TERPENE ALCOHOLS PART 1, REACTIONS OF CITRONELLOL (3,7‐DIMETHYLOCTEN‐1‐OL) AND GERANIOL (3,7‐DIMETHYL‐2,6‐OCTADIEN‐1‐OL) WITH CHLORO‐ AND ALKOXY‐SILANES (1975)

Abstract Die Organoalkoxysilane (III)‐(V), (VII) und (IX) werden durch Silylierung der OH‐Gruppen in Citronellol und Geraniol (II) durch Chlorsilane wie (I) oder Äthoxysilane wie (VI) und (VIII) synthetisiert.