gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Possible involvement of focal adhesion kinase, p125<sup>FAK</sup>, in osteoclastic bone resorption (1995)

Involvement of tyrosine phosphorylation in osteoclastic bone resorption was examined using osteoclast-like multinucleated cells prepared from co-cultures of mouse osteoblastic cells and bone marrow cells in the presence of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. When osteoclast-like cells were plated on culture dishes in the presence of 10% fetal bovine serum, they were sharply stained in their peripheral region by anti-phosphotyrosine antibody. Western blot analysis revealed that 115- to 130-kD proteins were tyrosine-phosphorylated in osteoclast-like cells. Using immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting, one of the proteins with 115-130 kD was identified as focal adhesion kinase (p125FAK), a tyrosine kinase, which is localized in focal adhesions. Immunostaining with anti-p125FAK antibody revealed that p125FAK was mainly localized at the periphery of osteoclast-like cells. Herbimycin A, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, not only suppressed tyrosine phosphorylation of p125FAK but also changed the intracellular localization of p125FAK and disrupted a ringed structure of F-actin-containing podosomes in osteoclast-like cells. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to p125FAK inhibited dentine resorption by osteoclast-like cells, whereas sense oligodeoxynucleotides did not. These results suggest that p125FAK is involved in osteoclastic bone resorption and that tyrosine phosphorylation of p125FAK is critical for regulating osteoclast function.
Cellular Materials (2003)

Abstract This article is concerned with the general theory of expansion, manufacturing processes, properties, and applications of foamed (cellular) plastics. The high strength‐to‐weight ratio, excellent insulating properties, and cushioning properties of cellular plastics have contributed to the development and growth of the broad range of cellular plastics in use. The total usage of foamed plastics in the United States has risen from 1.4 million metric tons in 1982 to 2.2 million metric tons in 1992 and has been projected to rise to about 3.1 million metric tons in 2002. The manufacturing processes for cellular polymers are described in terms of three classified methods on the basis of cell growth and stabilization processes. The properties of cellular plastics, including mechanical, thermal, electrical, and environmental aging properties, are summarized. A general discussion is given on the properties of cellular plastic necessary in many applications such as the comfort cushioning, thermal insulation, packaging, structural components, buoyancy, electrical insulation, and space‐filling markets. A brief discussion is also given on the process economics, raw materials, and energy considerations for the commercial products of primary importance.
Synthesis of peptide aldehydes (2006)

Abstract The functionalization of peptides and proteins by aldehyde groups has become the subject of intensive research since the discovery of the inhibition properties of peptide aldehydes towards various enzymes. Furthermore, peptide aldehydes are of great interest for peptide backbone modification or ligation reactions. This review focuses upon their synthesis, which has been developed following two main strategies. The first strategy consists of prior synthesis of the peptide, followed by the introduction of the aldehyde function. The second possible strategy uses α‐amino aldehydes as starting materials. After protection of the aldehyde, peptide elongation occurs. At the end of the synthesis, the aldehyde function can be unmasked. Copyright © 2006 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carbon Nitride Nanocomposites: Formation of Aligned CxNy Nanofibers (1999)

The preparation of carbon nitride nanotubes has proved extremely difficult—to date only small quantities of nitrogen (≤5%) have been incorporated into carbon nanotubes or filaments and the synthesis of crystalline C3N4 and CN nanotubes with their interesting predicted properties remains a challenge for the future. Now the generation of aligned C13Nx (x ≤ 1) nanofibers in high yield by pyrolyzing melamine over laser-patterned thin films of Fe and Ni catalyst deposited on a silica substrate is reported. The resulting aligned, hollow, thin-walled fibers exhibit unusual graphitic corrugated morphologies. The authors suggest that pyrolysis of organic precursors containing N (e.g., melamine) may provide an additional route to CN nanostructures.
<sup>13</sup>C‐breath tests for clinical investigation of liver mitochondrial function (2010)

Breath tests to assess in vivo mitochondrial function in humans represent a potentially useful diagnostic and prognostic tool in clinical investigation.
High Voltage Quick-Disconnect Harness System for Helmet-Mounted Displays (1992)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">We have developed a pilot's harness-mounted, high-voltage quick-disconnect connector for a binocular, helmet-mounted display system. It connects and disconnects with power off, and disconnects “hot” without pilot intervention, external sparks, or exposed hot embers in the explosive environment of the cockpit. Furthermore, we have successfully implemented a procedure in which high-voltage pins of up to 13.5 kV disconnect inside a hermetically sealed unit before the physical separation of the connector. The locations of the conductors and shields are designed to avoid crosstalk among adjacent circuits. The connector shell is equipped to house and cool two hybrid video amplifiers that provide up to 70 MHz video bandwidth to the helmet-mounted CRTs. The connector has been human-engineered to facilitate the arm, head, and torso movements of the pilot. Shielded cables and wires are potted as a multilayered ribbon for maximum flexibility between the connector and helmet. Stiff cabling is routed between the connector and the aircraft panel to avoid dangling cables during seat ejection. The system has been successfully tested for specifications, performance, and safety factors.</div>
Proteomic Profiling of Surface Proteins on Th1 and Th2 Cells (2005)

We utilized mass spectrometry to profile cell surface protein differential expression on primary human T helper (Th1 and Th2) cells with the stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) approach. Proteomic and microarray analyses were done concurrently and results were compared for 38 different genes. Although microarray studies displayed wide variability between donors for mRNA expression, these two approaches were shown to be corroborative for most gene products with the exception of a small subset of uncorrelated protein and message levels. The greatest differing Th1 to Th2 ratios were observed for BST2 (bone marrow stromal protein 2) and TRIM (T cell receptor interacting molecule). Both showed greater Th1 expression by proteomic methods, even though mRNA levels were approximately equal for both. To validate this method, we compared protein expression levels of a recently cloned molecule, B and T cell lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), on Th1 and Th2 cell populations and showed greater protein expression on Th1 cells, which agrees with a previous analysis of higher BTLA mRNA expression in Th1 cells.1 Keywords: human • mass spectrometry • membrane proteins • proteomics • SILAC • Th1 • Th2
The Source of Moving Particles in Parafoveal Capillaries Detected by Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (2011)

The particles moving in the capillaries are suggested to be reflections of photoreceptor aggregates that pass through circulating transparent objects such as leukocytes or plasma gaps.
Substituted Hexahydrobenzo[<i>f</i>]thieno[<i>c</i>]quinolines as Dopamine D1-Selective Agonists:  Synthesis and Biological Evaluation <i>in Vitro</i> and <i>in Vivo</i> (1997)

A series of substituted 9,10-dihydroxyhexahydrobenzo[f]thieno[c]quinolines (TB[f]Q), varying with respect to the position of the thiophene relative to the benzo[f]quinoline core and the nature and position of the substituent on the thiophene, were prepared and evaluated for their affinity and selectivity for the dopamine D1-like receptor. The thieno[3,2-c]B[f]Q regioisomers bearing a small alky1 (C1-C3) substituent at the 2 position were potent (Ki < 20 nM) and selective (D2/D1 > 50) D1 agonists with close to full agonist activity (IA > 85%). The compounds were resolved and found to exhibit a high level of enantiospecificity in their interaction with the D1 receptor. Selected compounds were tested in vivo in the 6-OHDA rodent model of Parkinson's disease and for their liability to produce seizure-like activities in mice. (5aR)-trans-2-Propyl-4,5,5a,6,7, 11b-hexahydro-3-thia-5-azacyclopent-1-ena[c]phenanthrene-9,10-diol (5) emerged as the compound with the best overall in vivo profile in terms of potency (ED50 = 0.04 mumol/kg) and safety.
Continuous infusion versus bolus injection of loop diuretics in congestive heart failure (2005)

Currently available data are insufficient to confidently assess the merits of the two methods of giving intravenous diuretics. Based on small and relatively heterogenous studies, this review showed greater diuresis and a better safety profile when loop diuretics were given as continuous infusion. The existing data still does not allow definitive recommendations for clinical practice and larger studies should be done to more adequately settle this issue.
IL-4 and Retinoic Acid Synergistically Induce Regulatory Dendritic Cells Expressing Aldh1a2 (2013)

Abstract Although activated inflammatory monocytes (IMCs) and inflammatory dendritic cells (IDCs) are potent T cell suppressors, nonactivated IMCs and IDCs promote T cell activation and Th1/Th17 cell differentiation. In this study, we investigated how to reduce the proinflammatory properties of IMCs and IDCs and further convert them into immune regulatory dendritic cells (DCs). We found that IL-4 and retinoic acid (RA) cotreatment of GM-CSF–differentiated IDCs synergistically induced the expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2, a rate-limiting enzyme for RA synthesis in DCs. IL-4 plus RA–treated IDCs upregulated CD103 expression and markedly reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines upon activation. IL-4 plus RA–treated IDCs strongly induced CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cell differentiation and suppressed Th1 and Th17 differentiation. Mechanistically, the transcription factors Stat6 and RA receptor β play important roles in aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2, induction. In addition, IL-4 and RA signaling pathways interact closely to enhance the regulatory function of treated DCs. Adoptive transfer of IL-4 plus RA–treated DCs significantly increased regulatory T cell frequency in vivo. Direct treatment with IL-4 and RA also markedly suppressed actively induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Our data demonstrate the synergistic effect of IL-4 and RA in inducing a regulatory phenotype in IDCs, providing a potential treatment strategy for autoimmune diseases.
A comparison of cardiovascular and smooth muscle effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-carboxamidotryptamine, a selective agonist of 5-HT1 receptors. (1985)

The pharmacological effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on heart rate, arterial blood pressure and urinary bladder pressure in the rat, and on the bronchi and ileum of the guinea-pig were compared with those of 5-carboxamidotryptamine (5-CT), a compound which binds specifically and with high affinity to 5-HT1 binding sites in rat brain membranes. 5-HT caused a transient bradycardia and a triphasic blood pressure response consisting of an initial short-lasting hypotensive, a pressor and, finally, a longer-lasting depressor phase. Analysis with mecamylamine, cyproheptadine and ketanserin indicated that the initial bradycardia and hypotension, and the pressor and tachycardic responses to 5-HT were due to, respectively, the M and 5-HT2 receptors. 5-CT showed no or little activity on these receptors, but elicited a marked hypotensive response. The prolonged hypotensive effects of both 5-HT and 5-CT were apparently mediated by 5-HT1 receptors, since they were unaffected by cyproheptadine or ketanserin, but were antagonized by high doses (greater than 2.5 mg.kg-1) of methysergide, which has an appreciable affinity for 5-HT1 binding sites. On the guinea-pig bronchi and the rat urinary bladder, which were contracted by 5-HT via 5-HT2- and, in the case of bladder, also via M-type 5-HT receptors; 5-CT was without any effect. The guinea-pig isolated ileum was relaxed by low concentration (5 X 10(-6) M), probably via 5-HT1 receptors demonstrated in this tissue, and contracted by higher concentrations of 5-CT. However, the contractile effect of 5-HT on the ileum, exerted via the M- and 5-HT2-type 5-HT receptors, was much more than that of 5-CT. Our results demonstrate that 5-CT not only has a binding, but also a functional specificity for 5-HT1 receptors. This compound seems to be a useful tool for investigating 5-HT1 receptor mediated functional responses.
A connectionless congestion control algorithm (1989)

This paper describes a congestion control algorithm that operates within a connectionless network environment. The algorithm controls a source's transmission rate, with that rate determined by feedback from the point of congestion. The algorithm is well suited to operate from within the IP layer of the TCP/IP protocol suite. An analytic model is developed to examine isolated aspects of the algorithm's behavior. A simulator was written to further test its behavior under a variety of topologies, loads, and path bandwidths. The results achieved are presented.
Terahertz wide range tunable cyclotron resonance p-Ge laser (2009)

We present a Terahertz (THz) p-Ge laser operating in a cyclotron resonance (CR) mode. Thanks to the use of the optimum crystallographic orientation of p-Ge with respect to crossed E⊥B fields, the laser line frequency is continuously tunable in the range 1.2–2.8 THz (40–90 cm−1) with the linewidth being 6 GHz (0.2 cm−1). We also show that due to such a wide CR radiation range, the laser can serve as a base for a THz spectrometer.
Advanced Profiling of Applications for Heterogeneous Multi-Core Platforms (2011)

e increased complexity of programming on multiprocessors platforms requires more insight into program behavior, for whi programmers need increasingly sophisticated methods for profiling, instrumentation, measurement, analysis, and modeling of applications. Particularly, tools to thoroughly investigate the memory access behavior of applications have become crucial due to the widening gap between the memory bandwidth/latency compared to the processing performance. To address these allenges, we developed theQ2 profiling framework in the context of the Del Workben (DWB), whi is a semi automatic tool platform for integrated hardware/soware co-design, targeting heterogeneous computing systems containing reconfigurable components. e profiling framework consists of two parts, a static part whi extracts information related tomemory accesses during the execution of an application.We present an advanced memory access profiling toolset that provides a detailed overview of the runtime behavior of the memory access pattern of an application. is information can be used for partitioning andmapping purposes.e second part involves a statistical model that allows to make predictions early in the design phase regarding memory and hardware usage based on soware metrics. We examine in detail a real application from the image processing domain to validate and specify all the potentials of the Q2 profiling framework.
Direct numerical simulations of passive scalars with <i>Pr</i>>1 advected by turbulent flow (1997)

Direct numerical simulations of passive scalars, with Prandtl numbers Pr =3, 5, and 7, advected by turbulence at three low Reynolds numbers were performed. The energy spectra are self-similar under the Kolmogorov scaling and exhibit behaviour consistent with many other investigations: a short inertial range for the highest Reynolds number and the universal exponential form of the spectrum for all Reynolds numbers in the dissipation range. In all cases the passive scalar spectra collapse to a single self-similar curve under the Batchelor scaling and exhibit the k −1 range followed by an exponential fall-off. We attribute the applicability of the Batchelor scaling to our low-Reynolds-number flows to the universality of the energy dissipation spectra. The Batchelor range is observed for wavenumbers in general agreement with experimental observations but smaller than predicted by the classical estimates. The discrepancy is caused by the fact that the velocity scales responsible for the generation of the Batchelor range are in the vicinity of the wavenumber of the maximum energy dissipation, which is one order of magnitude less than the Kolmogorov wavenumber used in the classical theory. Two different functional forms of passive scalar spectra proposed by Batchelor and Kraichnan were fitted to the simulation results and it was found that the Kraichnan model agrees very well with the data while the Batchelor formula displays systematic deviations from the data. Implications of these differences for the experimental procedures to measure the energy and passive scalar dissipation rates in oceanographic flows are discussed.
Prevention of Cyclic and Triton-induced Increases in Hydroxymethylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase and Sterol Synthesis by Puromycin (1969)

Injection of Triton WR 1339 into strain A/HeJ mice caused a marked increase in the rate of sterol synthesis from acetate in liver slices and an increase of similar magnitude in the P-hydroxy-@-methylglutaryl (HMG)-coenzyme A reductase activity of liver microsomes.The increases in sterol synthesis and HMG-CoA reductase activity were prevented by puromycin and were variably inhibited by actinomycin D. The mice showed a cycle in the rate of sterol synthesis and HMG-CoA reductase activity during the period from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. that was inversely correlated with changes in the rate of fatty acid biosynthesis.Treatment with puromycin prevented the cyclic increases in sterol biosynthesis and HMG-CoA reductase activity.The procedure used to determine HMG-CoA reductase utilized gas chromatography to measure 14C-mevalonic acid produced from 314C-HMG-CoA.Some of the properties of the enzyme system are described.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simplified Route to the (R)‐Garner Aldehyde and (S)‐Vinyl Glycinol. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Surface modification of polyolefins by photografting of acrylic monomers (1998)

Abstract High‐speed surface modification of polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) films has been achieved by liquid phase photograft polymerisation of acrylic acid (AA) and hydroxypropyl acrylate (HPA). Benzophenone was used as photoinitiator to generate polymer radicals at the surface of the polyolefin film. The grafting reaction was carried out in aqueous solution or with the neat monomer, which was laminated between two PP films, in the presence of air. Under the intense illumination of a UV‐curing line, acrylic acid was grafted within seconds to polypropylene films or fabrics, which were thus made hydrophilic. Direct evidence of surface grafting was obtained through infrared spectroscopy analysis and surface energy measurements. This continuous photografting process proved to be very efficient to improve the adhesion of UV‐cured acrylate coatings on polyolefin‐made materials.
Two-Photon Evanescent-Volume Wave Spectroscopy: A New Account of Gas-Solid Dynamics in the Boundary Layer (2001)

A novel type of laser spectroscopy for the investigation of the collisional dynamics of atoms in the close vicinity of a surface has been developed. The technique utilizes excitation of the vapor atoms in two crossed laser fields, one of which is directed normally to the surface, whereas the other one excites an evanescent wave propagating along the surface. The results, obtained for sodium atoms near a dielectric prism surface, are quantitatively reproduced by a rigorous theoretical approach. This new, nonintrusive method allows one to distinguish by pure optical means between different groups of atoms and to extract their two-dimensional velocity distributions.
Adaptive record clustering (1985)

An algorithm for record clustering is presented. It is capable of detecting sudden changes in users' access patterns and then suggesting an appropriate assignment of records to blocks. It is conceptually simple, highly intuitive, does not need to classify queries into types, and avoids collecting individual query statistics. Experimental results indicate that it converges rapidly; its performance is about 50 percent better than that of the total sort method, and about 100 percent better than that of randomly assigning records to blocks.
Hypocholesterolemic agents. 10. Synthesis of some model azacholanic acids as potential regulators of steroid biosynthesis and metabolism (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHypocholesterolemic agents. 10. Synthesis of some model azacholanic acids as potential regulators of steroid biosynthesis and metabolismD. L. Venton, F. Kohen, and R. E. CounsellCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1973, 16, 5, 571–573Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00263a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00263a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views43Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts