gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protein stabilization and destabilization by guanidinium salts (1984)

Preferential interactions of bovine serum albumin were measured with guanidine sulfate, guanidine acetate, and guanidine hydrochloride. The results showed an increasing preferential hydration with increasing salt concentration for the sulfate, positive preferential salt binding for the hydrochloride, and an intermediate situation for the acetate. These results correlate well with the known effects of the three salts on protein stability, namely, the stabilizing effect of guanidine sulfate and the denaturing effect of guanidine hydrochloride. Comparison of guanidinium and magnesium salts indicated that the substitution of guanidinium ion for Mg2+ decreases the preferential hydration and increases the preferential salt binding, suggesting that the perturbation by guanidinium ion binding of the surface free energy is greater than that by Mg2+ ion. It was concluded that guanidine salts are not a special class, but their activity toward proteins is modulated by the same fine balance between hydration and salt binding to protein as in the case of other salts, with the second factor being stronger in guanidine salts.
Human Identification using Gait and Face (2007)

In general the visual-hull approach for performing integrated face and gait recognition requires at least two cameras. In this paper we present experimental results for fusion of face and gait for the single camera case. We considered the NIST database which contains outdoor face and gait data for 30 subjects. In the NIST database, subjects walk along an inverted Sigma pattern. In (A. Kale, et al., 2003), we presented a view-invariant gait recognition algorithm for the single camera case along with some experimental evaluations. In this chapter we present the results of our view-invariant gait recognition algorithm in (A. Kale, et al., 2003) on the NIST database. The algorithm is based on the planar approximation of the person which is valid when the person walks far away from the camera. In (S. Zhou et al., 2003), an algorithm for probabilistic recognition of human faces from video was proposed and the results were demonstrated on the NIST database. Details of these methods can be found in the respective papers. We give an outline of the fusion strategy here.
An Approach to Multi-Service Subscriber Loop System Using Packetized Voice/Data Terminals (1979)

A new subscriber communication system and its design philosophy are described. In addition to telephone communication, the system is simultaneously able to offer data communication, still picture communication, etc. The system is composed of a packetized voice/data terminal, a multi-service switching equipment and the digital subscriber loop connecting between them. The system utilizes the existing subscriber line efficiently and is entirely suitable for coming telephone and data public digital network. 64 kbit/s PCM coded voice conversation and 48 kbit/s data communication were achieved simultaneously over 96 kbit/s digital subscriber line which was spanned up to 2 km.
Artificial vision workbench. (1997)

Machine vision is an important component of medical systems engineering. Inexpensive miniature solid state cameras are now available. This paper describes how these devices can be used as artificial retinas, to take snapshots and moving pictures in monochrome or color. Used in pairs, they produce a stereoscopic field of vision and enable depth perception. Macular and peripheral vision can be simulated electronically. This paper also presents the author's design of an artificial orbit for this synthetic eye. The orbit supports the eye, protects it, and provides attachment points for the ocular motion control system. Convergence and image fusion can be produced, and saccades simulated, along with the other ocular motions. The use of lenses, filters, irises and focusing mechanisms are also discussed. Typical camera-computer interfaces are described, including the use of "frame grabbers" and analog-to-digital image conversion. Software programs for eye positioning, image manipulation, feature extraction and object recognition are discussed, including the application of artificial neural networks.
High Resolution AMLCD made with a‐Si:H TFTs and with an Al‐Gate and IZO Last Structure (1999)

Abstract Using a low‐cost a‐Si:H‐TFT process with an Al gate and IZO last structure a direct‐view active matrix display with the highest information content has been fabricated in a phase‐2 mass production line in DTI Himeji. The display, a 16.3″ diagonal 200ppi‐QSXGA (Quad SXGA) incorporates 7680 columns and 2048 rows. Each subpixel measures 42μm(h)x126μm(v).
Physicochemical Properties of Ionic Liquids (2002)

This chapter contains sections titled: Melting Points and Phase Diagrams Introduction Determination of Liquidus Ranges Effect of Ion Sizes on Salt Melting Points Summary Viscosity and Density of Ionic Liquids Viscosity of Ionic Liquids Density of Ionic Liquids Solubility and Solvation in Ionic Liquids Introduction Metal Salt Solubility Extraction and Separations Organic Compounds Conclusions Gas Solubilities in Ionic Liquids Introduction Experimental Techniques Gas Solubilities Applications Summary Polarity Chromatographic Measurements Absorption Spectra Fluorescence Spectra Refractive Index Organic Reactions General Conclusions Electrochemical Properties of Ionic Liquids Electrochemical Potential Windows Ionic Conductivity Transport Properties
Targeting the Choroid Plexus-CSF-Brain Nexus Using Peptides Identified by Phage Display (2010)

Drug delivery to the central nervous system requires the use of specific portals to enable drug entry into the brain and, as such, there is a growing need to identify processes that can enable drug transfer across both blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers. Phage display is a powerful combinatorial technique that identifies specific peptides that can confer new activities to inactive particles. Identification of these peptides is directly dependent on the specific screening strategies used for their selection and retrieval. This chapter describes three selection strategies, which can be used to identify peptides that target the choroid plexus (CP) directly or for drug translocation across the CP and into cerebrospinal fluid.
Spermine causes caspase activation in leukaemia cells (1998)

Exposure of several leukaemia cell types to the polyamine spermine triggered caspase activation. In HL60 cells, the onset of caspase activity correlated with the accumulation of spermine, and was accompanied by the processing of the caspase-3 precursor and the digestion of the substrate proteins PARP and gelsolin. Spermine also induced the accumulation of cytochrome c in the cytosol. Caspase activation triggered by spermine was not blocked by antioxidants or inhibition of polyamine oxidase. The deregulation of polyamine uptake strongly sensitised the cells to spermine-induced caspase activation. These data show that an excessive intracellular level of spermine triggers caspase activation that is not mediated by oxidative mechanisms, and suggest a model where elevated free cytosolic polyamines may act as transducers of a death message.
Neuromuscular Adaptation During Skill Acquisition on a Two Degree-of-Freedom Target-Acquisition Task: Isometric Torque Production (2005)

In this study we attempted to identify the principles that govern the changes in neural control that occur during repeated performance of a multiarticular coordination task. Eight participants produced isometric flexion/extension and pronation/supination torques at the radiohumeral joint, either in isolation (e.g., flexion) or in combination (e.g., flexion-supination), to acquire targets presented by a visual display. A cursor superimposed on the display provided feedback of the applied torques. During pre- and postpractice tests, the participants acquired targets in eight directions located either 3.6 cm (20% maximal voluntary contraction [MVC]) or 7.2 cm (40% MVC) from a neutral cursor position. On each of five consecutive days of practice the participants acquired targets located 5.4 cm (30% MVC) from the neutral position. EMG was recorded from eight muscles contributing to torque production about the radiohumeral joint during the pre- and posttests. Target-acquisition time decreased significantly with practice in most target directions and at both target torque levels. These performance improvements were primarily associated with increases in the peak rate of torque development after practice. At a muscular level, these changes were brought about by increases in the rates of recruitment of all agonist muscles. The spatiotemporal organization of muscle synergies was not significantly altered after practice. The observed adaptations appear to lead to performances that are generalizable to actions that require both greater and smaller joint torques than that practiced, and may be successfully recalled after a substantial period without practice. These results suggest that tasks in which performance is improved by increasing the rate of muscle activation, and thus the rate of joint torque development, may benefit in terms of the extent to which acquired levels of performance are maintained over time.
Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived Under Feeder-Free Conditions Display Unique Cell Cycle and DNA Replication Gene Profiles (2011)

Use of animal feeder layers and serum containing media in the derivation and propagation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can hinder clinical translation, because of the presence of xeno-material/pathogens. A defined and standardized system would be ideal for generating a homogenous population of iPSCs, which closely resembles human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). This article presents a novel and extensive comparison between in-house produced iPSCs and hESCs under "feeder" and "feeder-free" conditions, using transcriptomic genome-wide microarray analysis. We generated a list of pluripotency-associated and bivalent domain-containing genes by meta-analysis to measure qualitatively the degree of reprogramming in feeder-free derived iPSCs, in which both profiles displayed similar levels of gene expression as in hESCs. Gene ontology analysis showed that feeder-free iPSCs have enriched terms belonging to DNA repair/replication and cell cycle, which are signature to pluripotent cells. Transcriptomic data combined with directed differentiation assays, indicated that variability among iPSC lines is minimized when using a feeder-free cultural system, which may serve as a platform for further developing regenerative medicine compliant human iPSCs.
Highly flexible and stretchable optical strain sensing for human motion detection (2017)

Strain sensors with high flexibility and stretchability are essential for quantifying strains generated by human activities due to the soft and curvilinear surfaces of the body. Here, we report the design and fabrication of a highly flexible and stretchable optical strain sensor that is applicable for the detection of human motions. The sensor is based on dye-doped polydimethylsiloxane optical fiber, which enables the quantitative detection of tensile strains by absorption changes of the light passing through the dye-doped fiber. Elaborate mechanical and strain tests confirm durability, reliability, and long-term stability of the sensor device. The sensor exhibits linear and repeatable responses in a large dynamic range up to 100%, far exceeding the stretchability of conventional silica fibers (<1%), and the strain precision is below +/−1%. We show that the sensor can be used to monitor various human activities, such as joint motion, speaking, and deep breathing in real time.
Fibronectin forms the most extensible biological fibers displaying switchable force-exposed cryptic binding sites (2009)

Rather than maximizing toughness, as needed for silk and muscle titin fibers to withstand external impact, the much softer extracellular matrix fibers made from fibronectin (Fn) can be stretched by cell generated forces and display extraordinary extensibility. We show that Fn fibers can be extended more than 8-fold (>700% strain) before 50% of the fibers break. The Young's modulus of single fibers, given by the highly nonlinear slope of the stress-strain curve, changes orders of magnitude, up to MPa. Although many other materials plastically deform before they rupture, evidence is provided that the reversible breakage of force-bearing backbone hydrogen bonds enables the large strain. When tension is released, the nano-sized Fn domains first contract in the crowded environment of fibers within seconds into random coil conformations (molten globule states), before the force-bearing hydrogen bond networks that stabilize the domain's secondary structures are reestablished within minutes (double exponential). The exposure of cryptic binding sites on Fn type III modules increases steeply upon stretching. Thus fiber extension steadily up-regulates fiber rigidity and cryptic epitope exposure, both of which are known to differentially alter cell behavior. Finally, since stress-strain relationships cannot directly be measured in native extracellular matrix (ECM), the stress-strain curves were correlated with stretch-induced alterations of intramolecular fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) obtained from trace amounts of Fn probes (mechanical strain sensors) that can be incorporated into native ECM. Physiological implications of the extraordinary extensibility of Fn fibers and contraction kinetics are discussed.
Sign Language Recognition Using Intrinsic-Mode Sample Entropy on sEMG and Accelerometer Data (2009)

Sign language forms a communication channel among the deaf; however, automated gesture recognition could further expand their communication with the hearers. In this work, data from five-channel surface electromyogram and 3-D accelerometer from the signer's dominant hand were analyzed using intrinsic-mode entropy (IMEn) for the automated recognition of Greek sign language (GSL) isolated signs. Discriminant analysis was used to identify the effective scales of the intrinsic-mode functions and the window length for the calculation of the IMEn that contributes to the efficient classification of the GSL signs. Experimental results from the IMEn analysis applied to GSL signs corresponding to 60-word lexicon repeated ten times by three native signers have shown more than 93% mean classification accuracy using IMEn as the only source of the classification feature set. This provides a promising bed-set toward the automated GSL gesture recognition.
New Cu-Ni Substrate for Coated Conductors (2007)

A new approach of Cu-Ni substrate is reported, where the cubic textured Cu tape was fabricated by thermal-mechanical process, then a Ni layer was electro-deposited on the cubic textured Cu substrate. This approach is also suitable for fabricating long cubic textured metallic substrate for coated conductors. The formation of substrate texture and its thermal stability were investigated by XRD. After electro-depositing Ni layer, the sample has sharper cubic texture with ω = 5.2o and φ = 7.1o, and samples’ texture becames even better (ω = 5 o and φ = 5.2o) after annealing at 950°C for 30min.
Biosensor for Arsenite Using Arsenite Oxidase and Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Modified Electrodes (2007)

A biosensor for arsenite has been developed using molybdenum-containing arsenite oxidase, prepared from the chemolithoautotroph NT-26 that oxidizes arsenite to arsenate. The enzyme was galvanostatically deposited for 10 min at 10 microA onto the active surface of a multiwalled carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrode. The resulting biosensor enabled direct electron transfer, i.e., effecting reduction and then reoxidization of the enzyme without an artificial electron-transfer mediator. Arsenite was detected within 10 s at an applied potential of 0.3 V with linearity up to 500 ppb and a detection limit of 1 ppb. The biosensor exhibited excellent reproducibility, 2% at 95% confidence interval for 12 repeated analyses of 25 ppb arsenite. Copper, a severe interfering species commonly found in groundwater, did not interfere, and the biosensor was applicable for repeated analysis of spiked arsenite in tap water, river water, and a commercial mineral water.
Development and Optimization of a Pulsed Electroacoustic System with Temperature Controlled Electrodes (2019)

This work presents the important steps in developing and optimizing a Pulsed Electroacoustic (PEA) system. The aim is to investigate silicone rubbers (LSR) with different amount of nanofillers. Therefore, the influence of the nanofillers on the acoustic behavior such as the acoustic impedance and the speed of sound are investigated. A detailed description of the acoustic detection unit is provided. To allow the measurement at different absolute temperatures and also at temperature gradients the electrodes are temperature controlled. Reference measurements are performed to give a better and more accurate temperature profile estimation inside the samples. The influence of temperature on the attenuation and dispersion factors of different LSR samples is outlined. A final procedure for signal processing is presented to determine the correct space charge distribution.
Anticipatory real-time scheduling in manufacturing cell design (1995)

Flexible manufacturing systems are characterized by versatility and flexibility, but they pose a challenging scheduling problem. Finding optimal fixed schedules is an NP-hard problem, particularly when material movement is automated by shared mechanisms. Alternatively, shared resources can be scheduled in real time by demand, using priority or random selection when choices arise. In a refinement of this type of scheduling, system elements, such as machines, generate requests for shared resources in advance of actually needing them. We call this anticipatory scheduling. This technique is applied to two examples of flexible manufacturing cells: 1) a flow shop with a single product type, and 2) a flexible manufacturing cell with several possible paths for the multiple job types. Performance was assessed using timed Petri net system models. Results with anticipatory scheduling are promising.
A Discrete Markov Model of Vehicular Traffic (1968)

For a number of years the Poisson process has been used as a model to describe the time series of events of vehicles passing a point on a roadway. In its simplest form the Poisson model does not take into account the finite size of the vehicles nor does it properly describe the characteristic bunching of traffic that commonly occurs, for example, on a two-lane road when passing is hindered. To give a more comprehensive description of traffic, various extensions of the Poisson model and a variety of other models have been proposed, with varying success. In this paper a discrete Markov model of traffic is proposed. The model is an extension of the simple binomial model and accounts for the bunching tendency of traffic by assuming correlations between successive vehicles. A description is given of the time-arrival experiments that were carried out to test the model and the statistical analysis of the results of these experiments is discussed. In addition, several theoretical aspects of the model are examined.
First- and second-order expectation semirings with applications to minimum-risk training on translation forests (2009)

Many statistical translation models can be regarded as weighted logical deduction. Under this paradigm, we use weights from the expectation semiring (Eisner, 2002), to compute first-order statistics (e.g., the expected hypothesis length or feature counts) over packed forests of translations (lattices or hypergraphs). We then introduce a novel second-order expectation semiring, which computes second-order statistics (e.g., the variance of the hypothesis length or the gradient of entropy). This second-order semiring is essential for many interesting training paradigms such as minimum risk, deterministic annealing, active learning, and semi-supervised learning, where gradient descent optimization requires computing the gradient of entropy or risk. We use these semirings in an open-source machine translation toolkit, Joshua, enabling minimum-risk training for a benefit of up to 1.0 bleu point.
Cooperative Path Planning of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (2010)

About the Authors. Series Preface. Preface. Acknowledgements. List of Figures. List of Tables. Nomenclature. 1. Introduction. 1.1 Path Planning Formulation. 1.2 Path Planning Constraints. 1.3 Cooperative Path Planning and Mission Planning. 1.4 Path Planning - An Overview. 1.5 The Road Map Method. 1.6 Probabilistic Methods. 1.7 Potential Field. 1.8 Cell Decomposition. 1.9 Optimal Control. 1.10 Optimization Techniques. 1.11 Trajectories for Path Planning. 1.12 Outline of the Book. References. 2. Path Planning in Two Dimensions. 2.1 Dubins Paths. 2.2 Designing Dubins Path using Analytical Geometry. 2.3 Existence of Dubins Paths. 2.4 Length of Dubins Paths. 2.5 Design of Dubins Paths using Principles of Differential Geometry. 2.6 Path of Continuous Curvature. 2.7 Producing Flyable Clothoid Paths. 28 Producing Flyable Pythagorean Hodograph Paths (2D). References. 3. Path Planning in Three Dimensions. 3.1 Dubins Paths in Three Dimensions Using Differential Geometry. 3.2 Path Length - Dubins 3D. 3.3 Pythagorean Hodograph Paths - 3D. 3.4 Design of Flyable Paths Using PH Curves. References. 4. Collision Avoidance. 4.1 Research into Obstacle Avoidance. 4.2 Obstacle Avoidance for Mapped Obstacles. 4.3 Obstacle Avoidance of Unmapped Static Obstacles. 4.4 Algorithmic Implementation. References. 5. Path-Following Guidance. 5.1 Path Following the Dubins Path. 5.2 Linear Guidance Algorithm. 5.3 Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Guidance. 5.4 Dynamic Obstacle Avoidance Guidance. References. 6. Path Planning for Multiple UAVs. 6.1 Problem Formulation. 6.2 Simultaneous Arrival. 6.3 Phase I: Producing Flyable Paths. 6.4 Phase II: Producing Feasible Paths. 6.5 Phase III: Equalizing Path Length. 6.6 Multiple Path Algorithm. 6.7 Algorithm Application for Multiple UAVs. 6.8 2D Pythagorean Hodograph Paths. 6.9 3D Dubins Paths. 6.10 3D Pythagorean Hodograph Paths. References. Appendix A Differential Geometry. Appendix B. Pythagorean Hodograph. Index.
Enol Esters. III.<sup>1</sup> Preparation of Diisopropenyl Esters of Dicarboxylic Acids (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnol Esters. III.1 Preparation of Diisopropenyl Esters of Dicarboxylic AcidsEdward S. Rothman, Samuel Serota, and Daniel SwernCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 2, 629–630Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01340a529https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01340a529research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views133Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts