gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Silica Gel-Bonded Amylose through Enzyme-Catalyzed Polymerization and Chiral Recognition Ability of Its Phenylcarbamate Derivative in HPLC (1996)

Amylose was prepared by enzymatic polymerization of alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate dipotassium catalyzed by a phosphorylase using two kinds of the primers derived from maltopentaose, and then it was chemically bonded to silica gel to be used as a chiral stationary phase (CSP) in high-performance liquid chromatography. In method I, maltopentaose was first lactonized and allowed to react with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane to form an amide bond. Amylose chains with a desired chain length and a narrow molecular weight distribution were then constructed by the enzymatic polymerization. The resulting amylose bearing a trialkoxysilyl group at the terminal was allowed to react with silica gel for immobilization. In method II, maltopentaose was first oxidized to form a potassium gluconate at the reducing terminal. After the enzymatic polymerization was performed with the potassium gluconate, the amylose end was lactonized to be immobilized to 3-aminopropyl-silanized silica gel through amide bond formation. Two amylose-conjugated silica gels thus obtained were treated with a large excess of 3,5-dimethylphenyl isocyanate to convert hydroxy groups of amylose to corresponding carbamate residues. The CSP derived through method II was superior in chiral recognition to the CSP derived from method I and showed better resolving power and higher durability against solvents such as tetrahydrofuran compared with a coated-type CSP. Influences of degree of polymerization of amylose, the spacer length between amylose and silica gel, and mobile phase compositions on chiral recognition were investigated.
Intelligent Video Monitoring to Improve Safety of Older Persons (2007)

This paper presents the application of computer vision and machine learning technologies to a clinical task of paramount importance, improving safety of older persons. We propose an intelligent monitoring system equipped with a camera network and an automatic elopement detection algorithm to reduce the risks of un-witnessed elopements from a dementia unit in order to avoid their potential catastrophic consequences. The camera network employs 23 cameras to record daily activities in our test bed, which includes 15 residents, 4 registered and licensed practical nurses and a number of certified nursing assistants. An elopement detector is then built by using computer vision algorithms and a machine learning algorithm to automatically detect elopements and alert caregivers. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed system leverages the advantages of monitoring from multiple cameras and is able to detect elopements with almost 100% accuracy.
Pathophysiology of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (2017)

Chemotherapy-induced neuropathy is a common, dose-dependent adverse effect of several antineoplastics. It can lead to detrimental dose reductions and discontinuation of treatment, and severely affects the quality of life of cancer survivors. Clinically, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy presents as deficits in sensory, motor, and autonomic function which develop in a glove and stocking distribution due to preferential effects on longer axons. The pathophysiological processes are multi-factorial and involve oxidative stress, apoptotic mechanisms, altered calcium homeostasis, axon degeneration and membrane remodeling as well as immune processes and neuroinflammation. This review focusses on the commonly used antineoplastic substances oxaliplatin, cisplatin, vincristine, docetaxel, and paclitaxel which interfere with the cancer cell cycle-leading to cell death and tumor degradation-and cause severe acute and chronic peripheral neuropathies. We discuss drug mechanism of action and pharmacokinetic disposition relevant to the development of peripheral neuropathy, the epidemiology and clinical presentation of chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, emerging insight into genetic susceptibilities as well as current understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment approaches.
Milliwatt-level 213 nm source based on a repetitively Q-switched, CW-pumped Nd:YAG laser (1979)

By employing a CW-pumped Nd:YAG laser in nonlinear fifth-harmonic generation experiments, the duration of pulses at 213 nm has been doubled and the repetition frequency has been increased by a factor of 40 beyond earlier results.
3D Ground-Truth Systems for Object/Human Recognition and Tracking (2013)

We have been researching three dimensional (3D) ground-truth systems for performance evaluation of vision and perception systems in the fields of smart manufacturing and robot safety. In this paper we first present an overview of different systems that have been used to provide ground-truth (GT) measurements and then we discuss the advantages of physically-sensed ground-truth systems for our applications. Then we discuss in detail the three ground- truth systems that we have used in our experiments: ultra wide-band, indoor GPS, and a camera-based motion capture system. Finally, we discuss three different perception-evaluation experiments where we have used these GT systems.
Latitude is significantly associated with the prevalence of multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis (2011)

This, the most comprehensive review of MS prevalence to date, has confirmed a statistically significant positive association between MS prevalence and latitude globally. Exceptions to the gradient in the Italian region and northern Scandinavia are likely a result of genetic and behavioural-cultural variations. The persistence of a positive gradient in Europe after adjustment for HLA-DRB1 allele frequencies strongly supports a role for environmental factors which vary with latitude, the most prominent candidates being ultraviolet radiation (UVR)/vitamin D.
Pharmacological and Physiological Characterization of d[Leu4, Lys8]Vasopressin, the First V1b-Selective Agonist for Rat Vasopressin/Oxytocin Receptors (2007)

Recently, we synthesized and characterized the first selective V(1b) vasopressin (VP)/oxytocin receptor agonist, d[Cha(4)]arginine vasopressin. However, this agonist was only selective for the human receptors. We thus decided to design a selective V(1b) agonist for the rodent species. We started from previous observations showing that modifying [deamino(1),Arg(8)]VP in positions 4 and 8 altered the rat VP/oxytocin receptor selectivity. We synthesized a series of 13 [deamino(1),Arg(8)]VP analogs modified in positions 4 and 8. Among them, one seemed very promising, d[Leu(4), Lys(8)]VP. In this paper, we describe its pharmacological and physiological properties. This analog exhibited a nanomolar affinity for the rat, human, and mouse V(1b) VP receptors and a strong V(1b) selectivity for the rat species. On AtT20 cells stably transfected with the rat V(1b) receptor, d[Leu(4), Lys(8)]VP behaved as a full agonist on both phospholipase C and MAPK assays. Additional experiments revealed its ability to induce the internalization of enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged human and mouse V(1b) receptors as expected for a full agonist. Additional physiological experiments were performed to further confirm the selectivity of this peptide. Its antidiuretic, vasopressor, and in vitro oxytocic activities were weak compared with those of VP. In contrast, used at low doses, its efficiency to stimulate adrenocorticotropin or insulin release from mouse pituitary or perfused rat pancreas, respectively, was similar to that obtained with VP. In conclusion, d[Leu(4), Lys(8)]VP is the first selective agonist available for the rat V(1b) VP receptor. It will allow a better understanding of V(1b) receptor-mediated effects in rodents.
ChemInform Abstract: Torquoselective Ring Closures of Chiral Amido Trienes Derived from Allenamides. A Tandem Allene Isomerization—Pericyclic Ring‐Closure—Intramolecular Diels—Alder Cycloaddition. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Signal Transduction Mediated by the Truncated trkB Receptor Isoforms, trkB.T1 and trkB.T2 (1997)

The trkB family of transmembrane proteins serves as receptors for BDNF and NT-4/5. The family is composed of a tyrosine kinase-containing isoform as well as several alternatively spliced "truncated receptors" with identical extracellular ligand-binding domains but very small intracellular domains. The two best-characterized truncated trkB receptors, designated as trkB.T1 and trkB.T2, contain intracellular domains of only 23 and 21 amino acids, respectively. Although it is known that the tyrosine kinase isoform (trkB.FL) is capable of initiating BDNF and NT-4/5-induced signal transduction, the functional role or roles of the truncated receptors remain enigmatic. At the same time, the potential importance of the truncated receptors in the development, maintenance, and regeneration of the nervous system has been highlighted by recent developmental and injury paradigm investigations. Here we have used trkB cDNA transfected cell lines to demonstrate that both trkB.T1 and trkB.T2 are capable of mediating BDNF-induced signal transduction. More specifically, BDNF activation of either trkB.T1 or trkB.T2 increases the rate of acidic metabolite release from the cell, a common physiological consequence of many signaling pathways. Further, these trkB.T1- and trkB. T2-mediated changes occur with kinetics distinct from changes mediated by trkB.FL, suggesting the participation of at least some unique rate-limiting component or components. Mutational analysis demonstrates that the isoform-specific sequences within the intracellular domains of each receptor are essential for signaling capability. Finally, inhibitor studies suggest that kinases are likely to be involved in the trkB.T1 and trkB.T2 signaling pathways.
minerva and minepy: a C engine for the MINE suite and its R, Python and MATLAB wrappers (2012)

Source code and binaries are freely available for download under GPL3 licence at http://minepy.sourceforge.net for minepy and through the CRAN repository http://cran.r-project.org for the R package minerva. All software is multiplatform (MS Windows, Linux and OSX).
Q-Switched Neodymium-YAG Laser Angle Surgery in Open-angle Glaucoma (1985)

• In a short-term pilot study, we evaluated Q-switched neodymium-YAG laser angle surgery in 25 eyes from 22 patients with medically uncontrolled open-angle glaucoma. All eyes had unacceptable intraocular pressures (IOPs), despite maximum tolerated medical therapy, argon laser trabeculoplasty, and prior intraocular filtration surgery (eight eyes). Using a pulse energy of 10 millijoules, ten spots were placed approximately 4° apart in the mid-trabecular meshwork using an Nd-YAG laser (Coherent 9900). The mean preoperative and final postoperative IOPs were 30 ± 6 mm Hg and 21 ± 8 mm Hg, respectively. The mean follow-up time was five (±3) months (range, two to 14 months). The final postoperative IOP was less than 22 mm Hg in 17 eyes (68%). Holes within the trabecular meshwork were visible in 14 eyes, and laser therapy was associated with the liberation of debris into the anterior chamber in all eyes. Complications included transient postoperative IOP elevation (eight eyes), angle bleeding (six eyes), and posterior displacement of the iris root (four eyes).
Blood Compatibility and Permeability of Heparin‐Modified Polysulfone as Potential Membrane for Simultaneous Hemodialysis and LDL Removal (2010)

Heparin was covalently immobilized on PSf membranes to obtain a dialysis membrane with high affinity for LDL. WCA and streaming potential measurements were performed to investigate wettability and surface charge of the membranes. The morphology of the membranes was investigated by SEM. An ELISA was used to measure the adsorption and desorption of LDL on plain and modified PSf. Blood compatibility was studied by measurement of thrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, kallikrein activity and platelet adhesion. It was found that the blood compatibility of the membrane was improved by covalent immobilization of heparin at its surface. However, PSf-Hep membrane showed higher flux recovery after BSA solution filtration, which revealed antifouling property of PSf-Hep membranes.
Spacing rectangularity effect on the growth of loblolly pine plantations (2002)

The effect of spacing rectangularity on tree growth and stand development was evaluated using tree data obtained annually from a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) spacing trial monitored through age 16 years. In this trial, plots with an initial planting density of 2240 trees/ha occur at slightly and highly rectangular spacings. Spacings with rectangularities 3:4 and 1:3 were used to evaluate the rectangularity effect. Survival and the development of height, diameter, volume per hectare, and basal area per hectare of loblolly pine trees were not affected by rectangularity. Diameter and height distributions were found to be a function of age but not a function of the rectangularity of initial spacing. Crown width, however, was affected by rectangularity. The crown width was larger at larger row or column distance than at smaller row or column distance, but the ratio of crown widths between and within rows was not equal to the rectangularity of the original planting spacing.
Stress-induced voiding and its geometry dependency characterization (2003)

Stress induced voiding (SIV) is explored from the aspects of design attribute and geometry parameters. Two kinds of test structures were used to evaluate resistance change in relation to reliability and to understand the SIV mechanism. Thus, a reliability-robustness guideline from a consideration of geometry configuration can be derived.
Performance enhancement of GaInP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar phototransistors using dc base bias (1998)

GaInP-GaAs heterojunction bipolar phototransistors grown by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) and operated with frontside optical injection through the emitter are reported with high optical gain (<88) and record high frequency performance (28 GHz). Heteropassivation of the extrinsic base surface is employed using a depleted GaInP emitter layer between the nonself-aligned base contact and the emitter mesa. The phototransistor's performance is shown to improve with increasing dc base bias in agreement with predictions of a recently reported Gummel-Poon model. Experimental results are reported for devices with optical active areas of 10/spl times/10 /spl mu/m/sup 2/, 20/spl times/20 /spl mu/m/sup 2/, and 30/spl times/30 /spl mu/m/sup 2/, with peak measured cutoff frequencies of 28.5, 23.1, and 18.5 GHz, respectively, obtained at collector current densities between 2/spl times/10/sup 3/ and 6/spl times/10/sup 3/ A/cm/sup 2/.
Bacterial Infection of Washed and Unwashed Eggs with Reference to Salmonellae (1969)

A survey of eggs in the Fraser Valley area of British Columbia was conducted to determine the level of bacterial contamination on washed and unwashed shell eggs and the incidence of Salmonella infection in shell eggs. Samples of eggs were taken from 15 grading stations. Determinations of eggs from 87 shipments showed that a higher proportion of eggs was heavily contaminated (>5-million organisms per egg) after washing than as received at the grading stations. This finding suggests the need for the development of more satisfactory washing procedures. No salmonellae were detected in the 180 samples (3,995 eggs) which were examined. It was concluded that Salmonella contamination of intact shell eggs does not constitute a serious health hazard in eggs from this area.
Variational Curve Skeletons Using Gradient Vector Flow (2008)

Representing a 3D shape by a set of 1D curves that are locally symmetric with respect to its boundary (i.e., curve skeletons) is of importance in several machine intelligence tasks. This paper presents a fast, automatic, and robust variational framework for computing continuous, subvoxel accurate curve skeletons from volumetric objects. A reference point inside the object is considered a point source that transmits two wave fronts of different energies. The first front (beta-front) converts the object into a graph, from which the object salient topological nodes are determined. Curve skeletons are tracked from these nodes along the cost field constructed by the second front (alpha-front) until the point source is reached. The accuracy and robustness of the proposed work are validated against competing techniques as well as a database of 3D objects. Unlike other state-of-the-art techniques, the proposed framework is highly robust because it avoids locating and classifying skeletal junction nodes, employs a new energy that does not form medial surfaces, and finally extracts curve skeletons that correspond to the most prominent parts of the shape and hence are less sensitive to noise.
The Rehabilitation of Gait in Patients With Hemiplegia: A Comparison Between Conventional Therapy and Multichannel Functional Electrical Stimulation Therapy (1995)

The superiority of the MFES method as compared with conventional therapy was mainly attributed to the enhanced motor learning accomplished by application of MFES. These results, however, are preliminary, and further research is needed.
Testing and Analysis of Tire Hydroplaning (1972)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The ability to view the tire footprint and simultaneously to measure the tire-to-road surface interface forces is essential to the investigation of parameters affecting high-speed passenger tire performance on wet surfaces. The tire is photographed from below through a glass plate; the tire-to-road surface inter-face forces are recorded for various combinations of tire types, inflations, loads, wear conditions, water depth, and vehicle velocity as the tire passes over a triaxial force pin.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The facility and test method are described for the evaluation of pneumatic tires at all modes of operation: free rolling, sliding, and free rolling with a slip angle. An empirical equation is given to estimate the hydroplaning speed of a passenger tire on a smooth surface in a single mode (free-rolling) of operation. The parameters that affect tire hydroplaning are discussed as are some of the conditions that may influence the method of test. Implication is made that these factors and parameters also are related to high-speed wet surface braking distance.</div>
Implementation and evaluation of a negation tagger in a pipeline-based system for information extract from pathology reports. (2004)

We have developed a pipeline-based system for automated annotation of Surgical Pathology Reports with UMLS terms that builds on GATE--an open-source architecture for language engineering. The system includes a module for detecting and annotating negated concepts, which implements the NegEx algorithm--an algorithm originally described for use in discharge summaries and radiology reports. We describe the implementation of the system, and early evaluation of the Negation Tagger. Our results are encouraging. In the key Final Diagnosis section, with almost no modification of the algorithm or phrase lists, the system performs with precision of 0.84 and recall of 0.80 against a gold-standard corpus of negation annotations, created by modified Delphi technique by a panel of pathologists. Further work will focus on refining the Negation Tagger and UMLS Tagger and adding additional processing resources for annotating free-text pathology reports.
The Effects of a Novel Interferon Inhibitor in a Model of HIV Encephalitis (P4.308) (2014)

OBJECTIVE: To successfully treat a mouse model of HIV encephalitis (HIVE) with a novel interferon-alpha (IFNα) inhibitor. BACKGROUND: Despite available antiretroviral treatment, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remain highly prevalent. IFNα has been identified as a neurotoxin that plays a prominent role in HAND and HIVE pathology. Ongoing studies have suggested that B18R, a novel IFNα inhibitor, can prevent HIVE pathology. DESIGN/METHODS: Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) mice were injected with HIV-infected or uninfected (Controls; n=8) human monocytes intracerebrally (IC). Starting the same day as IC injections of human cells HIVE mice were treated subcutaneously with either saline (n=8) or B18R (50 mcg/day) (n=8) for 10 days. Mice were sacrificed and brains extracted. Brains were sectioned and stained for B18R, neuronal integrity (MAP2), HIV, human macrophages, mouse mononuclear phagocytes, and astrocytes. RNA was extracted from these brains for real time PCR analysis. Primarily IFNα related genes were measured. RESULTS: Immunostaining for B18R in systemically treated HIVE/SCID mice suggested that B18R crosses the blood brain barrier. Real-time PCR indicated that B18R treatment results in decreased gene expression associated with IFNα signaling in the brain. Mice treated with B18R had decreased mouse mononuclear phagocytes in brain and significant retention of neuronal arborization compared to untreated HIVE/SCID mice. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that systemic B18R treatment prevents key features of HIVE pathology. B18R may be a viable addition to combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) in the treatment of HAND. Ongoing studies are evaluating whether the addition of B18R to cART is superior to each therapy alone. Study Supported by: VA Merit 0007 and Atlanta Research and Education Foundation funds.
Visualizing Head and Neck Tumors in Vivo Using Near-Infrared Fluorescent Transferrin Conjugate (2008)

Transferrin receptor (TfR) is overexpressed in human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). This study was carried out to investigate the feasibility of imaging HNSCC by targeting TfR using near-infrared fluorescent transferrin conjugate (TfNIR). Western blot analysis of four HNSCC cell lines revealed overexpression of TfR in all four lines compared with that in normal keratinocytes (OKFL). Immunocytochemistry further confirmed the expression of TfR and endocytosis of TfNIR in JHU-013 culture cells. Following intravenous administration of TfNIR (200 microL, 0.625 microg/microL), fluorescent signal was preferentially accumulated in JHU-013 tumor xenografts grown in the lower back (n=14) and oral base tissues (n=4) of nude mice. The signal in tumors was clearly detectable as early as 10 minutes and reached the maximum at 90 to 120 minutes postinjection. The background showed an increase, followed by a decrease at a much faster pace than tumor signal. A high fluorescent ratio of the tumor to muscle was obtained (from 1.42 to 4.15 among tumors), usually achieved within 6 hours, and correlated with the tumor size (r=.74, p=.002). Our results indicate that TfR is a promising target and that Tf(NIR)-based optical imaging is potentially useful for noninvasive detection of early HNSCC in the clinic.
Gabriel: a design environment for DSP (1990)

Gabriel, a second-generation digital signal-processing (DSP) design environment, is described. The Gabriel experimental signal-processing software performs non-real-time algorithm simulations and code synthesis for real-time hardware based on programmable DSPs. Gabriel eases code development for architectures that are not easy targets for conventional compilers. The model of compilation used by Gabriel is discussed at length. Modification of the model to run in real time, target architectures, and scheduling are examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>