gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
δ-MnO<sub>2</sub>–Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanocomposite for Photochemical Water Oxidation: Active Structure Stabilized in the Interface (2016)

Pure phase manganese oxides have been widely studied as water oxidation catalysts, but further improvement of their activities is much challenging. Herein, we report an effective method to improve the water oxidation activity by fabricating a nanocomposite of Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and δ-MnO<sub>2</sub> with an active interface. The nanocomposite was achieved by a partial reduction approach which induced an in situ growth of Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles from the surface of δ-MnO<sub>2</sub> nanosheets. The optimum composition was determined to be 38% Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and 62% δ-MnO<sub>2</sub> as confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) and X-ray absorption spectra (XAS). The δ-MnO<sub>2</sub>-Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite is a highly active water oxidation catalyst with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 0.93 s<sup>-1</sup>, which is much higher than the individual components of δ-MnO<sub>2</sub> and Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. We consider that the enhanced water oxidation activity could be explained by the active interface between two components. At the phase interface, weak Mn-O bonds are introduced by lattice disorder in the transition of hausmannite phase to birnessite phase, which provides active sites for water oxidation catalysis. Our study illustrates a new view to improve water oxidation activity of manganese oxides.
Electromagnetic-Thermal Characterization of on On-Chip Coupled (A)Symmetrical Interconnects (2007)

Based on several extended formulas to determine all frequency-and temperature-dependent distributed parameters of on-chip coupled asymmetrical and symmetrical interconnects on silicon substrates, the electromagnetic-thermal characteristics of interconnects were investigated in detail, including 1) wideband series impedances and shunt conductances, 2) conductive and dielectric attenuation constants of even(c) and odd (pi)-mode, 3) pulse waveform distortion and crosstalk, and 4) average power handling capability (APHC). In these investigations, a set of modified formulas were proposed to determine the mutual conductance and capacitance of asymmetrical configuration. Appropriate thermal models were employed to evaluate the rise in temperature of metal interconnects, where the lateral heat dissipation was taken into account for different spacings between two interconnects. Parametric calculations were performed to capture the hybrid effects of all geometric and physical parameters of metal interconnects, such as line thickness, line conductivity, and silicon conductivity. All numerical examples are believed to be useful in the design of (a)symmetrical interconnects for digital and radio frequency circuits.
An Intelligent Networking and Automation System for Home and SOHO Environments (2003)

The ever increasing desires for improvement in efficiency and comfort for individuals’ home and office environments have provided the driving force for the recent development in Home/SOHO automation and networking systems. This paper presents a new Home/SOHO automation system which is designed for handling heterogeneous network systems. The laboratory-built system makes use of OSGi (Open Service Gateway Initiative) open standard to provide a flexible framework for adding and removing devices and appliances in an ad hoc manner. Since end users of the system may not necessarily be very computer literate, UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) open standard is being used to make the network connection of various devices as transparent to the users as possible. The current experimental Home/SOHO system can support Bluetooth wireless network, Lonworks, IR, C-bus, 315MHz, 418MHz and 433MHz ISM band RF, and broadband Internet communication. The proposed system can certainly provide a platform for developing Home/SOHO commercial products and it is also flexible enough for developing and experimenting with other Home/SOHO automation technologies
Introduction to Oxidative Stress in Biomedical and Biological Research (2015)

Oxidative stress is now a well-researched area with thousands of new articles appearing every year. We want to give the reader here an overview of the topics in biomedical and basic oxidative stress research which are covered by the authors of this thematic issue. We also want to give the newcomer a short introduction into some of the basic concepts, definitions and analytical procedures used in this field.
c-Rel Is Required for Chromatin Remodeling Across the IL-2 Gene Promoter (2003)

IL-2 gene transcription occurs in an activation-dependent manner in T cells responding to TCR and CD28 activation. One of the critical events leading to increased IL-2 transcription is an alteration in chromatin structure across the 300-bp promoter region of the gene. We initially showed that IL-2 gene transcription in CD4(+) primary T cells is dependent on the NF-kappaB family member, c-Rel, but not RelA. We found that c-Rel is essential for global changes in chromatin structure across the 300-bp IL-2 promoter in response to CD3/CD28 in primary CD4(+) T cells, but not in response to pharmacological signals, paralleling the requirement for c-Rel in IL-2 mRNA and protein accumulation. Interestingly, measurement of activation-induced localized accessibility changes using restriction enzyme digestion revealed that accessibility close to the c-Rel binding site in the CD28RR region of the promoter is specifically dependent on c-Rel. In contrast, restriction enzyme sites located at a distance from the CD28RR behave independently of c-Rel. These results suggest a nonredundant role for c-Rel in generating a correctly remodeled chromatin state across the IL-2 promoter and imply that the strength of the signal determines the requirement for c-Rel.
Inhibitory Effects of  -Carotene on Proliferation of the Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line GOTO (1989)

alpha-Carotene inhibited the proliferation of the human neuroblastoma cell line GOTO in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, it was about 10 times more inhibitory than beta-carotene. Northern blot analysis indicated that alpha-carotene caused maximum suppression of the level of the N-myc messenger RNA of GOTO cells. This suppression occurred within 18 hours of alpha-carotene treatment, after which the level of the N-myc messenger RNA gradually recovered to the basal level. Analysis by flow cytometry indicated that when GOTO cells were exposed to alpha-carotene, they were arrested in the G0-G1 phase of their cell cycle. However, as the level of the N-myc messenger RNA was recovering, these cells resumed normal cycling. These results indicate that the reduction in the level of the N-myc messenger RNA caused by alpha-carotene is closely linked with G0-G1 arrest.
High-Speed Sampling Cutters and Their Effect on Bias (1979)

Abstract Currently, in the United States, systems used to obtain a gross sample of flowable bulk material on a conveyor belt generally use a cross-chute sampler. With higher tonnage material handling systems, it would be advantageous to employ higher cutter speeds to keep the size of the gross sample collected within practical limits. Current cross-chute sample cutters are somewhat limited to cutter speeds in the range of 30 to 61 cm/s (12 to 24 in./s), primarily because of mechanical and structural limitations. Swing-arm-type samplers have features that permit higher cutter speeds, which reduce the quantity of primary increment taken. This paper presents the results of a test program for swing-arm samplers operating at cutter speeds up to 122 cm/s (48 in./s) and determines the parameters of control that must be considered to stay within acceptable statistical limits for bias.
Reactive vaporization of oxides in solid oxide fuel cell systems : (2014)

Metals such as chromium, aluminum and silicon are of extreme technological and industrial importance due to the corrosion resistance they offer in oxidizing environments at high temperature. Much of this robustness is based on the formation of a thin, well-adhered metal-oxide (MO) layer on the surface of the metal. In particularly corrosive environments or at high-enough temperatures and or pressures, the MO will chemically react with constituents in the surrounding gas, removing atoms from the solid. For many systems, material loss and subsequent mechanical failure is the foremost concern. However, in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems, the presence of gaseous metal species leads to severe degradation in electrochemical performance well before mechanical limits are reached. Reactive vaporization from ferritic stainless steels, chromia, aluminosilicates and a candidate electrode material (Sr 2VMoO 6), was investigated using the transpiration method. Two novel collection methods were employed: condensation of vapors on wafer collectors analyzed with Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS); and, condensation of vapors on quartz wool analyzed via inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Identification and quantification of vapor species provided assessment of material performance in SOFC environments. Experiments demonstrated that Cr vapor species from ferritic stainless steels used for SOFC interconnect applications could be reduced by as much as one order of magnitude through the application of barrier coatings. Base alloys were compared and exhibited a variety of Cr vaporization rates despite being similar in composition, thus illustrating the importance of minor elemental constituents in the alloy. Measurements identified Si as the primary volatile element in aluminosilicate materials when Si concentrations in the bulk material were as low as one percent. Aluminosilicate materials demonstrated a burn out phase during the first hundred hours at 800°C in humid oxidizing environments, where large amounts of Si and other elements were vaporizing. Mass transport rate versus flow rate experiments on pure Cr 2O 3 indicated that sample surface area influences the measured Cr vapor pressure. This finding helps explain the range of values reported in literature for the equilibrium rate constant of the most common Cr vaporization reaction in SOFC environments.
Cyclic AMP potentiates phorbol ester stimulation of tissue plasminogen activator release and inhibits secretion of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 from human endothelial cells. (1988)

We have examined the effect of phorbol esters and cAMP elevating compounds on tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) secretion. Phorbol esters induce a time- and dose-dependent increase in tPA release from endothelial cells, while forskolin, isobutylmethylxanthine, dibutyryl cAMP, and 8-bromo-cAMP had no significant stimulatory effect on tPA secretion. However, elevation of cAMP simultaneously with phorbol ester treatment potentiated the phorbol ester-induced release of tPA 6 times from 22.2 ng/ml with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) alone to 122.1 ng/ml (PMA and forskolin). Potentiation was dose-dependent (half-maximal potentiation = 4 microM forskolin), and tPA release was enhanced at all stimulatory concentrations of PMA with no change in the PMA concentrations causing half-maximal or maximum tPA release. The kinetics of release was also similar in PMA versus PMA-forskolin-treated cells. A 4-h delay was observed, enhanced release was transient, and was followed by the onset of a refractory period. In contrast, elevation of cAMP reduced constitutive secretion of PAI-1 by 30-40% and prevented the increase in PAI-1 secretion stimulated by PMA. Elevated cAMP also decreased the rate of PAI-1 deposition into the endothelial substratum. These studies indicate that activation of a cAMP-dependent pathway(s) in coordination with phorbol ester-induced responses plays a central role in modifying the tPA and PAI-1 secretion from endothelial cells, leading to a profibrinolytic state in the endothelial environment.
Three-dimensional reconstruction in nuclear medicine by iterative least- squares and fourier transform techniques (1974)

Quantitative three-dimensional distribution of radioisotopes in patients is determined by digital reconstruction of data from many views taken by rotating the subject at 10 deg intervals before the gamma camera. The superiority of these techniques over conventional tomography is demonstrated by comparisons between reconstruction algorithms such as back-projection, simultaneous iterative reconstruction, iterative least-squares, and back-projection of filtered projection. The filtered back-projection technique (convolution method) is superior in speed; however, for quantitative results that take into account both noise and attenuation, the iterative least-squares method gives the best approximation to the real source distributions. Resolution is 1.25 cm for detection of holes in 20-cm-diamieter objects. Mathematical basis and FOR-TRAN listings applicable to transmission and emission imaging are given, as well as results of phantom and patient studies. (60 references) (auth)
Vaccines consisting of periodate-cleaved oligosaccharides from the capsule of <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> type b coupled to a protein carrier: structural and temporal requirements for priming in the human infant. (1986)

Reducing oligosaccharides from the Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polymer (PRP) coupled by reductive amination to diphtheria toxoids (DTd) had been shown to elicit potentially protective serum anti-PRP antibodies (Ab) in infants too young for an adequate response to PRP vaccine. Here we report that cleavage of PRP with periodate gives antigenic oligosaccharides that couple with high efficiency. DTd-coupled saccharides of mean length eight or 20 repeat units (Dpo8 and Dpo20, respectively) were tested for immunogenicity in young adults (single injection) and in infants 9 to 15 mo old who received a sequence of primary (1 degree) and secondary (2 degrees) injections. Both vaccines consistently induced high anti-PRP Ab responses in adults. In infants, Dpo8 elicited only modest anti-PRP responses, whereas Dpo20 gave consistently high titers; post-2 degrees responses were higher when the interval between 1 degree and 2 degrees injections was 6 to 14 wk than with an interval of 2 to 4 wk. Thus with this type of immunogen, priming responses in infancy has more stringent structural requirements than does triggering responses in adults, and the priming appears to maximize more slowly than the Ab level.
Challenges for Na-ion Negative Electrodes (2011)

Na-ion batteries have been proposed as candidates for replacing Li-ion batteries. In this paper we examine the viability of Na-ion negative electrode materials based on Na alloys or hard carbons in terms of volumetric energy density. Due to the increased size of the Na atom compared to the Li atom, Na alloys would lead to negative electrode materials with roughly half the volumetric energy density of their Li analogs. Volumetric energy densities obtainable with sodiated hard carbons would also be significantly less than those obtainable with lithiated graphite. These findings highlight the need of novel ideas for Na-ion negative electrodes.
Solution-processable charge transport layers for phosphorescent OLEDs (2011)

The development of new charge transport materials for use in phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) remains an important area of research. In this thesis, several examples of carbazole-containing norbornene-based side-chain polymers were synthesized and studied. In addition, several examples of ambipolar transport moieties were produced by combining hole- (carbazole) and electron- (oxadiazole or triazole) transport groups and examined as both small molecules and as norbornene-based side-chain polymers. UV-visible absorption, fluorescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and other methods were used to evaluate the properties of the charge transport materials for use as hole- and/or host layers. It was found that side-functionalization produced polymers with photophysical and electrochemical properties corresponding to the charge transport side groups attached. In addition, several crosslinkable hole-transporting materials (copolymer or small molecule-based) incorporating either benzocyclobutenes, trifluorovinyl ethers, oxetanes, or bis(styrene)s were developed. Thin-films of the crosslinkable materials were shown to be readily insolubilized by thermal treatment permitting the deposition of a subsequent layer from solution onto the crosslinked layer. OLEDs fabricated using several of these materials produced efficient devices. Overall, it was shown that side-chain functionalization can be used to afford solution-processable charge transport polymers where the properties are determined mainly by the side group attached. As such, this approach could be extended to additional examples of charge transport moieties.
TEB: A Template-Based E-commence Website Builder for SMEs (2008)

Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in China feature their big quantity and fast developing speed. Itpsilas a huge requirement for them to establish e-commence business through their website portals. This paper proposes a template-based E-commence website Builder (TEB) for them, which is easy to use and flexible to extend. Each template in TEB is composed of multiple template pages with tags. Template engine can parse the pages and tags and construct template websites in an intelligent way. The appearance design of a template is separated from the data tag development. These tasks are distributed to different actors to perform in a simultaneous way. A case study shows the efficiency of website building and template development with built-in tools of TEB.
A reservation-based CSMA protocol for integrated manufacturing networks (1994)

This paper presents PCSMA, an extension to the CSMA/CD protocol (used in the Ethernet) to support both conventional datagram traffic and real-time traffic. The protocol provides predictable packet-delivery bounds for real-time traffic. It does not require changes to existing Ethernet controllers for datagram traffic. Under the new protocol, periodic sources follow a variation of the CSMA protocol that requires them to reserve transmission slots before they can begin transmission. This protocol is intended particularly for use in the integrated network in a manufacturing shop. Periodic sources include multiple sensors generating disparate types and rates of data. We have carried out an extensive performance evaluation of the protocol using a simulation model. The results are impressive: PCSMA shows fewer collisions than CSMA, equivalent delays for conventional traffic, and no failures to meet deadlines for periodic traffic.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The approach of the New Downlink Control Information Design for Transmission Mode 10 (2013)

In this paper, we proposed the addition of 2 new bits in Downlink Control Information (DCI) format 2D used for Transmission Mode 10 in 3GPP LTE-A specification. This New Downlink Control Information Design with two new bits extends the Downlink Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) so that the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) shall be processed and mapped to Resource Elements (RE) mapping and Quasi-Co-Location (QCL) parameter for a User Equipment UE. The new design was analyzed for Multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) and Coordinated Multi-point Transmission (CoMP) techniques. The analysis and simulation results indicate that DCI format 2D with the additional bits used with the CIF field are beneficial for both MU-MIMO and CoMP.
Bendamustine: mechanism of action and clinical data. (2011)

Bendamustine is a chemotherapeutic agent that displays a unique pattern of cytotoxicity compared with conventional alkylating agents. Bendamustine was originally synthesized in the former East German Democratic Republic in the 1960s. It was designed to have both alkylating and antimetabolite properties. The alkylating agent properties are similar to those seen with cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, and melphalan, and the benzimidazole ring is similar to cladribine. Molecular analyses have revealed that bendamustine differs from other alkylating agents in its mechanism of action. Differences have been observed in regard to its effects on DNA repair and cell cycle progression. Moreover, bendamustine can induce cell death through both apoptotic and nonapoptotic pathways, thereby retaining activity even in cells without a functional apoptotic pathway. Bendamustine has demonstrated significant efficacy in patients with indolent lymphomas and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), including in patients with disease refractory to conventional alkylating agents and rituximab. The toxicity profile of bendamustine is also superior to that of conventional alkylating agents. Combination therapy with bendamustine and rituximab has demonstrated superior efficacy to a standard rituximab-containing chemotherapy regimen in patients with previously untreated indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and it is currently being compared against the standard first-line regimen in CLL: fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab. Ongoing and planned studies are evaluating new strategies in which bendamustine is being combined with existing agents and with novel therapies to optimize use in different clinical settings.
The Action of Raney Nickel on Organic Sulfur Compounds. (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Action of Raney Nickel on Organic Sulfur Compounds.Heinrich. Hauptmann and Wolfgang Ferdinand. WalterCite this: Chem. Rev. 1962, 62, 5, 347–404Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60219a001https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60219a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2314Altmetric-Citations119LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
MAGIC-Surfaces: Magnetically Interfaced Surfaces for Smart Space Applications (2005)

Abstract. This paper describes a new device for the easy construction of smart spaces. Based on a magnetic method, the device can provide non-contact, bi-directional communication as well as location and orientation es-timation for indoor objects. An initial experimentation shows that the device can determine location and orientation with an accuracy of about 5 mm and 5 degrees, respectively. 1.
Supraplan®, a novel implant system based on the principle of guided bone generation. A preliminary study in the rabbit. (1991)

Supraplant, a novel implant system is tested on the top of the skull i n 6 rabbits. The results demonstrate that an implant which is placed on top of bone can be osseointegrated by the guided generation of new bone using membrane barriers.