gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blockchain based wine supply chain traceability system (2017)

The necessity of wine supply chain traceability system is inevitable due to increase in counterfeiting, adulteration, and use of excessive preservatives and hazardous chemicals. To overcome these issues, wine industry is in need of a traceability system which enables a consumer to verify the composition of each batch of wines from the grape growers to the retailers. However, most of the current systems are RFID and web based and thus it is possible to counterfeit stored information as required. This study proposes a blockchain based wine supply chain traceability system where every transaction is recorded as a block in the chain and is visible to the relevant participants. These blocks of information is immutable since any change to the recorded information will break the chain. In addition to providing quality information management framework, the proposed traceability system enables transparency, safety, and security in the overall process from the grape to the bottle.
Cytotoxicological aspects of organic arsenic compounds contained in marine products using the mammalian cell culture technique (1998)

Arsenobetaine, arsenocholine, trimethylarsine oxide and tetramethylarsonium iodide, which are contained in marine fishery products, were examined for their potencies on cell growth inhibition, chromosomal aberration and sister chromatid exchange (SCE). Arseno- betaine, the major water-soluble organic arsenic compound in marine animals, exhibited very low cytotoxicity towards mammalian cells. This compound showed no cell growth inhibition at a concentration of 10 mg cm−3 and the cytotoxicity was lower than 1/14 000th of that of sodium arsenite and 1/1600th of that of sodium arsenate towards BALB/c 3T3 cells. The chromosomal aberrations caused by arsenobetaine at a concentration of 10 mg cm−3 consisted mainly of chromatid gaps and chromatid breaks, but in this concentration chromosomal breakage owing to its osmotic pressure is likely to be considerable. No SCE was observed at a concentration of 1 mg cm−3. Arsenocholine and trimethylarsine oxide also showed no cell growth inhibited at a concentration of 10 mg cm−3. However, tetramethylarsonium iodide inhibition the growth of BALB/c 3T3 at a concentration of 8 mg cm−3. These compounds exhibited a low ability to induce chromosomal aberrations at a concentration range of 2–10 mg cm−3 and no SCE was observed at a concentration of 1.0 mg cm−3. These results suggested that the major and minor organic arsenic compounds contained in marine fishery products are much less cytotoxic inorganic arsenic, methylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visually evoked dynamic blood flow response of the human cerebral circulation. (1987)

The dynamics of the metabolic mechanism that regulates cerebral blood flow was studied in 10 normal human subjects using a noninvasive transcranial ultrasonic Doppler method. Flow volume in the posterior cerebral artery, supplying the visual cortex, increased 20.2% in response to light stimulation of the retina, while flow velocity in the same artery increased 16.4%. The regulation of blood flow was very rapid; only 2.3 seconds elapsed from application of the light stimulus to 50% of full response. Full regulation (90% of full response) took 4.6 seconds. The blood flow response adapted slightly after about 10 seconds. Flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery increased significantly, by 3.3%, while flow in the superior cerebellar artery showed no significant change in response to this stimulus. These findings suggest the mechanism of very fast metabolic regulation of cerebral blood flow in humans.
Tuning thermal contact conductance at graphene–copper interface<i>via</i>surface nanoengineering (2015)

Due to rapidly increasing power densities in nanoelectronics, efficient heat removal has become one of the most critical issues in thermal management and nanocircuit design. In this study, we report a surface nanoengineering design that can reduce the interfacial thermal resistance between graphene and copper substrate by 17%. Contrary to the conventional view that a rough surface tends to give higher thermal contact resistances, we find that by engraving the copper substrate with nanopillared patterns, an optimized hybrid structure can effectively facilitate the thermal transport across the graphene-copper interface. This counterintuitive behavior is due to the enhanced phonon interactions with the optimal nanopillared pattern. For pliable 2D materials like graphene, the structures can be easily bent to fit the surface formations of the substrate. The suspended areas of graphene are pulled towards the substrate via an attractive interatomic force, causing high local pressures (∼2.9 MPa) on the top region of nanopillars. The high local pressures can greatly enhance the thermal energy coupling between graphene and copper, thereby lowering the thermal contact resistances. Our study provides a practical way to manipulate the thermal contact resistance between graphene and copper for the improvement of nano-device performance through engineering optimal nanoscale contact.
Phenomena in Mixed Surfactant Systems (1986)

The effect of using mixtures of surfactants on micelle formation, monolayer formation, solubilization, adsorption, precipitation, and cloud point phenomena is discussed. Mechanisms of surfactant interaction and some models useful in describing these phenomena are outlined. The use of surfactant mixtures to solve technological problems is also considered.
High-Gain InAs Avalanche Photodiodes (2012)

We report two InAs avalanche photodiode structures with very low background doping in the depletion region. Uniform electric fields and thick depletion regions have been achieved. Excess noise measurements are consistent with k~0 and gain as high as 70 at room temperature is observed. The measured gain-bandwidth product is >; 300 GHz. All measurements are consistent with Monte Carlo simulations.
Aminooxyacetic Acid Derivatives (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAminooxyacetic Acid DerivativesAlfred Richardson Jr.Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1964, 7, 6, 824–826Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00336a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00336a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views172Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inter-relationships between light and respiration in the control of ascorbic acid synthesis and accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves (2006)

The effects of growth irradiance and respiration on ascorbic acid (AA) synthesis and accumulation were studied in the leaves of wild-type and transformed Arabidopsis thaliana with modified amounts of the mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) protein. Plants were grown under low (LL; 50 micromol photons m(-2) s(-1)), intermediate (IL; 100 micromol photons m(-2) s(-1)), or high (HL; 250 micromol photons m(-2) s(-1)) light. Increasing growth irradiance progressively elevated leaf AA content and hence the values of dark-induced disappearance of leaf AA, which were 11, 55, and 89 nmol AA lost g(-1) fresh weight h(-1), from LL-, IL-, and HL-grown leaves, respectively. When HL leaves were supplied with L-galactone-1,4-lactone (L-GalL; the precursor of AA), they accumulated twice as much AA and had double the maximal L-galactone-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (L-GalLDH) activities of LL leaves. Growth under HL enhanced dehydroascorbate reductase and monodehydroascorbate reductase activities. Leaf respiration rates were highest in the HL leaves, which also had higher amounts of cytochrome c and cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) activities, as well as enhanced capacity of the AOX and CCO electron transport pathways. Leaves of the AOX-overexpressing lines accumulated more AA than wild-type or antisense leaves, particularly at HL. Intact mitochondria from AOX-overexpressing lines had higher AA synthesis capacities than those from the wild-type or antisense lines even though they had similar L-GalLDH activities. AOX antisense lines had more cytochrome c protein than wild-type or AOX-overexpressing lines. It is concluded that regardless of limitations on L-GalL synthesis by regulation of early steps in the AA synthesis pathway, the regulation of L-GalLDH activity via the interaction of light and respiratory controls is a crucial determinant of the overall ability of leaves to produce and accumulate AA.
Self-biased high-bandwidth low-jitter 1-to-4096 multiplier clock generator PLL (2003)

A self-biased PLL uses a sampled feed-forward filter network and a multi-stage inverse-linear programmable current mirror for constant loop dynamics that scale with reference frequency and are independent of multiplication factor, output frequency, and PVT. The PLL achieves a multiplication range of 1 to 4096 with less than 1.7% output jitter. Fabricated in 0.13μm CMOS, the area is 0.182mm2 and the supply is 1.5V.
<i>NF2</i> deficiency promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis by destabilizing adherens junctions (2003)

Mutation of the Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) tumor suppressor gene leads to cancer development in humans and mice. Recent studies suggest that Nf2 loss also contributes to tumor metastasis. The Nf2-encoded protein, merlin, is related to the ERM (ezrin, radixin, and moesin) family of membrane:cytoskeleton-associated proteins. However, the cellular mechanism whereby merlin controls cell proliferation from this location is not known. Here we show that the major cellular consequence of Nf2 deficiency in primary cells is an inability to undergo contact-dependent growth arrest and to form stable cadherin-containing cell:cell junctions. Merlin colocalizes and interacts with adherens junction (AJ) components in confluent wild-type cells, suggesting that the lack of AJs and contact-dependent growth arrest in Nf2(-/-) cells directly results from the absence of merlin at sites of cell:cell contact. Our studies indicate that merlin functions as a tumor and metastasis suppressor by controlling cadherin-mediated cell:cell contact.
Prediction of Speech Recognition from Audibility in Older Listeners with Hearing Loss: Effects of Age, Amplification, and Background Noise (2007)

The extent to which audibility determines speech recognition depends on a number of signal and listener factors. This study focused on three factors: age, background noise modulation, and linear versus wide-dynamic compression amplification. Three audiometrically matched groups of older listeners with hearing loss were tested to determine at what age performance declined relative to that expected on the basis of audibility. Recognition fell below predicted scores by greater amounts as age increased. Scores were higher for steady versus amplitude-modulated noise. Scores for WDRC-amplified speech were slightly lower than for linearly amplified speech across all groups and noise conditions. We found no interaction between age and type of noise. The small reduction in scores for amplitude-modulated compared to steady noise and lack of age interaction suggests that the substantial deficit seen with age in multitalker babble for previous studies was due to some effect not elicited here, such as informational masking.
Zinc Selectively Blocks the Action of <i>N</i> -Methyl-D-Aspartate on Cortical Neurons (1987)

Large amounts of zinc are present in synaptic vesicles of mammalian central excitatory boutons and may be released during synaptic activity, but the functional significance of the metal for excitatory neurotransmission is currently unknown. Zinc (10 to 1000 micromolar) was found to have little intrinsic membrane effect on cortical neurons, but invariably produced a zinc concentration-dependent, rapid-onset, reversible, and selective attenuation of the membrane responses to N-methyl-D-aspartate, homocysteate, or quinolinate. In contrast, zinc generally potentiated the membrane responses to quisqualate or alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate and often did not affect the response to kainate. Zinc also attenuated N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated neurotoxicity but not quisqualate or kainate neurotoxicity. The ability of zinc to specifically modulate postsynaptic neuronal responses to excitatory amino acid transmitters, reducing N-methyl-to-aspartate receptor-mediated excitation while often increasing quisqualate receptor-mediated excitation, is proposed to underlie its normal function at central excitatory synapses and furthermore could be relevant to neuronal cell loss in certain disease states.
Synthesis, <i>In Vitro</i> Degradation, and Mechanical Properties of Two-Component Poly(Ester Urethane)Urea Scaffolds: Effects of Water and Polyol Composition (2007)

The development of minimally invasive therapeutics for orthopedic clinical conditions has substantial benefits, especially for osteoporotic fragility fractures and vertebral compression fractures. Poly(ester urethane)urea (PEUUR) foams are potentially useful for addressing these conditions because they cure in situ upon injection to form porous scaffolds. In this study, the effects of water concentration and polyester triol composition on the physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties of PEUUR foams were investigated. A liquid resin (lysine diisocyanate) and hardener (poly(epsilon-caprolactone-co-glycolide-co-DL-lactide) triol, tertiary amine catalyst, anionic stabilizer, and fatty acid-derived pore opener) were mixed, and the resulting reactive liquid mixture was injected into a mold to harden. By varying the water content over the range of 0.5 to 2.75 parts per hundred parts polyol, materials with porosities ranging from 89.1 to 95.8 vol-% were prepared. Cells permeated the PEUUR foams after 21 days post-seeding, implying that the pores are open and interconnected. In vitro, the materials yielded non-cytotoxic decomposition products, and differences in the half-life of the polyester triol component translated to differences in the PEUUR foam degradation rates. We anticipate that PEUUR foams will present compelling opportunities for the design of new tissue-engineered scaffolds and delivery systems because of their favorable biological and physical properties.
Nitric Oxide Inhalation Decreases Pulmonary Artery Remodeling in the Injured Lungs of Rat Pups (2000)

Vascular injury causes the muscularization of peripheral pulmonary arteries, which is more pronounced in the infant than in the adult lung. Although inhaled NO gas attenuates pulmonary artery remodeling in hypoxic rats, whether or not it protects the lung by mitigating vasoconstriction is unknown. This investigation tested whether inhaled NO decreases the muscularization of injured pulmonary arteries in rat pups by modulating vascular tone. One week after monocrotaline administration, the percentage of muscularized rat pup lung arteries was increased by >3-fold. Nevertheless, monocrotaline exposure did not cause right ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary hypertension, or vasoconstriction. In addition, it did not increase the expression of markers of inflammation (interleukin-1beta, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin) or of platelet-mediated thrombosis (GPIbalpha). Continuous inhalation of 20 ppm NO gas prevented the neomuscularization of the pulmonary arteries in pups with lung injury. Moreover, a 3-fold increase in cell proliferation and 30% decrease in cell numbers in pulmonary arteries caused by monocrotaline exposure was prevented by NO inhalation. These data indicate that inhaled NO protects infants against pulmonary remodeling induced by lung injury by mechanisms that are independent of pulmonary tone, inflammation, or thrombosis.
51.3: <i>Invited Paper:</i> Optical System Architectures for Rear Projection Screen (2002)

Abstract A description of Toppan's Rear Projection Screen (FC‐Screen) used on image projection systems is presented. This screen is used mainly for rear projection‐type TV. The fundamental structure of FC‐Screen and the design optimization are described. A consequence of this concept is FC‐Screen with enhanced S/N, higher gain, among other properties.
Efficacy of HPV-16 E7 Based Vaccine in a TC-1 Tumoric Animal Model of Cervical Cancer (2011)

Objective: The human papillomavirus as an etiological agent of cervical cancer does not grow adequately in tissue culture systems. The tumor cell line TC-1 continuously expresses the E6 and E7 oncogenic proteins of HPV, and is considered a suitable tool in laboratory investigations and vaccine researches against cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: The TC-1 cell line was grown in RPMI 1650 supplemented with 10% FBS, glutamine and antibiotics, and was used for tumor development in mice. Six to seven week-old tumor bearing C57BL/6 mice were divided into 3 groups consisting of 7 mice per group. The first group received pcDNA-E7, the second group received pcDNA3, and the third group received phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The treated animals were monitored for their tumor size progression and survival. At last, the tumoric tissues from autopsied animals were fixed and examined with Mayer's hematoxylin and eosin (HE there were also improvements in survival among mice in the treated groups (p<0.041). H&E stained sections from untreated mice were studied independently in a blinded fashion by two observers and showed malignant neoplasms composed of severely pleomorphic tumor cells with nuclear enlargement, high nuclear-cytoplasmic (N/C) ratios, and prominent nucleoli in solid and fascicular patterns of growth. High mitotic activity with extensive necrosis was also noted in both test and control groups. Conclusion: The TC-1 lung metastatic model can be used to test the efficacy of various E7-based therapeutic cancer vaccine strategies for cervical cancer and the prevention of HPV-related neoplasia.
Distributed stochastic optimization and learning (2014)

We consider the problem of distributed stochastic optimization, where each of several machines has access to samples from the same source distribution, and the goal is to jointly optimize the expected objective w.r.t. the source distribution, minimizing: (1) overall runtime; (2) communication costs; (3) number of samples used. We study this problem systematically, highlighting fundamental limitations, and differences versus distributed consensus problems where each machine has a different, independent, objective. We show how the best known guarantees are obtained by an accelerated mini-batched SGD approach, and contrast the runtime and sample costs of the approach with those of other distributed optimization algorithms.
Fiber-optic cavity sensing of hydrogen diffusion (2003)

A novel type of fiber-optic cavity sensor for hydrogen diffusion into and out of fibers is presented. The sensor is an implementation of a cavity ringdown scheme in a silica-based single-mode fiber that has been exposed to gaseous hydrogen at normal pressure. The measured ringdown times during the H2 diffusion show good agreement with a theoretical diffusion model. This model allows the determination of the diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in silica, resulting in D = (3.02 +/- 0.07) x 10(-15) m2/s at 30 degrees C.
Error suppression for Hamiltonian quantum computing in Markovian environments (2017)

Hamiltonian quantum computing, such as the adiabatic and holonomic models, can be protected against decoherence using an encoding into stabilizer subspace codes for error detection and the addition of energy penalty terms. This method has been widely studied since it was first introduced by Jordan, Farhi, and Shor (JFS) in the context of adiabatic quantum computing. Here, we extend the original result to general Markovian environments, not necessarily in Lindblad form. We show that the main conclusion of the original JFS study holds under these general circumstances: Assuming a physically reasonable bath model, it is possible to suppress the initial decay out of the encoded ground state with an energy penalty strength that grows only logarithmically in the system size, at a fixed temperature.
Nanocrystal-Encoded Fluorescent Microbeads for Proteomics:  Antibody Profiling and Diagnostics of Autoimmune Diseases (2007)

The first application of nanocrystal (NC)-encoded microbeads to clinical proteomics is demonstrated by multiplexed detection of circulating autoantibodies, markers of systemic sclerosis. Two-color complexes, consisting of NC-encoded, antigen-covered beads, anti-antigen antibody or clinical serum samples, and dye-tagged detecting antibodies, were observed using flow cytometry assays and on the surface of single beads. The results of flow cytometry assays correlated with the ELISA technique and provided clear discrimination between the sera samples of healthy donors and patients with autoimmune disease. Microbead fluorescence signals exhibited narrow distribution regardless of their surface antigen staining, without the need of any fluorescence compensation-a parameter determining the limit of sensitivity of flow cytometry assays. In single bead measurements, less than 30 dye-labeled antibodies interacting with the topoI-specific antibodies at the surface of a bead have been detected by the emission of dye excited through the FRET from NCs. In this format, the antibody-bead interaction reaction turns specifically the fluorescence signal from dye label off and on, additionally increasing autoantibody detection sensitivity.
On-chip jitter measurement for phase locked loops (2003)

In this paper, we propose an efficient on-chip method for the direct measurement of jitter in phase locked loops (PLLs). The jitter is first detected as the phase difference in the form of pulses with duration in the range of pico-seconds. A combination of a modified charge pump and a binary counter can then record the number that represents the jitter measurement. This is the first attempt to directly measure the jitter of PLLs on-chip via analog testing circuit, but with digital output. The proposed testing circuit is only about 20% of the PLL under test. The proposed on-chip jitter measurement circuit is a central part of built-in self-test for many embedded applications in SOCs.
Development of a Digital Quench Detection and Dumping Circuit With Constant Voltage System for SMES (2010)

A digital quench detection and protection system has been developed for a micro-sized superconducting magnetic energy storage system (SMES). The digital quench detection system based on a high-performance NI-6224 digital acquisition card accepts a standard set of input signal such as magnet induced voltage, current, pressure of cryostat. It also provides improved signal processing for sensitive and exact quench detection and data logging function. Once the superconducting magnet quenches, the quench detection system activates immediately the protection circuit. Some novel protection circuits are developed to dump the electromagnetic energy stored in the magnet; these greatly enhance the dump efficiency by maintaining the magnet terminal voltage constant during the dumping energy process. This paper detailedly describes the system and presents results.