gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Changes in S–Adenosylmethionine Synthetase in Human Liver Cancer: Molecular Characterization and Significance (1996)

S-adenosylmethionine synthetase (SAMS) catalyzes the formation of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and is essential to normal cell function. There are two forms of SAMS, liver-specific and nonliver-specific (often referred to as "kidney"), which are products of two different genes. SAMS isoenzymes differ greatly in kinetic parameters and sensitivity to inhibition by methionine analogs. The current work studied changes in SAMS and their significance in liver cancer. Northern blot analysis showed that while normal liver expresses only liver-specific SAMS, both HepG2 and HuH-7 cells express only nonliver-specific SAMS. Absence of liver-specific SAMS messenger RNA (mRNA) was not because of gene deletion or rearrangement but complete lack of gene transcription. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with liver- and kidney-specific SAMS primers showed that liver-specific SAMS mRNA was absent with only kidney SAMS mRNA present in HepG2, HuH-7, Hep3B, and HuH-1 cells, and four consecutive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) specimens. Normal liver tissues from the same patients express both forms of SAMS mRNA. As a result of the change in SAMS expression, SAMS activity was higher in HepG2 and HuH-7 cells at physiologically relevant methionine concentrations but lower at high (mmol/L) methionine concentrations than rat hepatocytes. Treatment with ethionine and seleno-D,L-ethionine, two inhibitors known to have I50 values 50 to 60 times lower against SAMS purified from Novikoff hepatoma cells as compared with SAMS purified from normal rat liver, resulted in increased cell lysis in HepG2 and HuH-7 cells but not cultured rat hepatocytes. These agents did not affect cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels but inhibited SAMS activity in HepG2 and HuH-7 cells when added to their protein extracts. In summary, expression of SAMS is altered in human liver cancer. This occurrence may provide a potentially exploitable target for cancer chemotherapy.
New view of lipid bilayer dynamics from 2H and 13C NMR relaxation time measurements. (1983)

Natural abundance 13C spin-lattice (T1) relaxation time measurements are reported for unilamellar vesicles of 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), in the liquid crystalline phase, at magnetic field strengths of 1.40, 1.87, 2.35, 4.23, 7.05, 8.45, and 11.7 tesla (resonance frequencies of 15.0, 20.0, 25.1, 45.3, 75.5, 90.5, and 126 MHz, respectively), and the results are compared to previous 2H T1 studies of multilamellar dispersions. For both the 13C and 2H T1 studies, a dramatic frequency dependence of the relaxation was observed. At superconducting magnetic field strengths (4.23-11.7 tesla), plots of the 13C T1(-1) relaxation rates as a function of acyl chain segment position clearly reveal the characteristic "plateau" signature of the liquid crystalline phase, as found previously from 2H NMR studies. The dependence of T1(1) on ordering, determined previously from 2H NMR, and the T1(-1) dependence on frequency, determined from both 13C and 2H NMR studies, suggest that a unified picture of the bilayer molecular dynamics can be provided by a simple relaxation law of the form T1(-1) approximately equal to A tau f + BS2C-H omega -1/2(0). In the above expression, A and B are constants, SC-H (= SC-D) is the bond segmental order parameter, and omega 0 is the nuclear Larmor frequency. The first (A) term includes contributions from fast, local segmental motions characterized by the effective correlation time tau f, whereas the second (B) term describes slower, collective fluctuations in the local ordering. The value of tau f approximately equal to 10(-11) sec, obtained by extrapolating T1(-1) to infinite frequency, suggests that the segmental microviscosity of the bilayer hydrocarbon region does not differ appreciably from that of the equivalent n-paraffinic liquids of similar chain length.
"A System is More Than the Sum of Its Parts" - Conclusion of DLR'S Enhanced Vision Project "ADVISE-PRO" (2006)

Within its research project ADVISE-PRO (Advanced visual system for situation awareness enhancement - prototype, 2003 - 2006) that will be presented in this contribution, DLR has combined elements of Enhanced Vision and Synthetic Vision to one integrated system to allow all low visibility operations independently from the infrastructure on ground. The core element of this system is the adequate fusion of all information that is available on-board. This fusion process is organized in a hierarchical manner. The most important subsystems are a) the sensor based navigation which determines the aircraft's position relative to the runway by automatically analyzing sensor data (MMW, IR, radar altimeter) without using neither (D) GPS nor precise knowledge about the airport geometry, b) an integrity monitoring of navigation data and terrain data which verifies on-board navigation data ((D) GPS + INS) with sensor data (MMW-Radar, IR-Sensor, Radar altimeter) and airport / terrain databases, c) an obstacle detection system and finally d) a consistent description of situation and respective HMI for the pilot.
Differential regulation of somatostatin receptors 1 and 2 mRNA and protein expression by tamoxifen and estradiol in breast cancer cells. (2005)

Somatostatin (SST) inhibition of hormone hypersecretion from tumors is mediated by somatostatin receptors (SSTRs). SSTRs also play an important role in controlling tumor growth through specific antiproliferative actions. These receptors are well expressed in numerous normal and tumor tissues and are susceptible to regulation by a variety of factors. Estradiol, a potent trophic and mitogenic hormone in its target tissues, is known to modulate the expression of SST and its receptors. Accordingly, in the present study, we determined the effects of tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator (SERM), and estradiol on SSTR1 and SSTR2 expression at the mRNA and protein levels in ER-positive and -negative breast cancer cells. We found that SSTR1 was upregulated by tamoxifen in a dose-dependent manner but no effect was seen with estradiol. In contrast, SSTR2 was upregulated by both tamoxifen and estradiol. Combined treatment caused suppression of SSTR1 below control levels but had no significant effect on SSTR2. Treatment with SSTR1-specific agonist was significantly more effective in suppressing cell proliferation of cells pre-treated with tamoxifen. Taking these data into consideration, we suggest that tamoxifen and estradiol exert variable effects on SSTR1 and SSTR2 mRNA and protein expression and distributional pattern of the receptors. These changes are cell subtype-specific and affect the ability of SSTR agonists to inhibit cell proliferation.
Intrinsically irreversible acoustic heat engine (1982)

Thermodynamic effects will be described associated with structures placed within a gas contained in an acoustically resonant tube. For suitable geometries and frequencies substantial temperature differences, perhaps 50 times the adiabatic temperature changes in the gas, can be produced. The experiments can be understood in a context of certain principles, including the principle of broken thermodynamic symmetry, which describe intrinsically irreversible reciprocating heat engines. [Work supported by LANL and by the D.O.E.]
Derivation of naïve human embryonic stem cells (2014)

The naïve pluripotent state has been shown in mice to lead to broad and more robust developmental potential relative to primed mouse epiblast cells. The human naïve ES cell state has eluded derivation without the use of transgenes, and forced expression of OCT4, KLF4, and KLF2 allows maintenance of human cells in a naïve state [Hanna J, et al. (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107(20):9222-9227]. We describe two routes to generate nontransgenic naïve human ES cells (hESCs). The first is by reverse toggling of preexisting primed hESC lines by preculture in the histone deacetylase inhibitors butyrate and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, followed by culture in MEK/ERK and GSK3 inhibitors (2i) with FGF2. The second route is by direct derivation from a human embryo in 2i with FGF2. We show that human naïve cells meet mouse criteria for the naïve state by growth characteristics, antibody labeling profile, gene expression, X-inactivation profile, mitochondrial morphology, microRNA profile and development in the context of teratomas. hESCs can exist in a naïve state without the need for transgenes. Direct derivation is an elusive, but attainable, process, leading to cells at the earliest stage of in vitro pluripotency described for humans. Reverse toggling of primed cells to naïve is efficient and reproducible.
Adaptive X-ray Computed Tomography (2011)

An adaptive pre-clinical x-ray computed tomography system, named "FaCT" was designed, built, and tested at the University of Arizona's Center for Gamma-Ray Imaging (CGRI). The FaCT system possesses the unique ability to change its magnification and dynamically mask the x-ray beam profile. Using these two abilities, the FaCT system can adapt its configuration to the object being imaged, and the task being performed, while achieving a reduction in the radiation dose applied for imaging.Development of the system included the design of all mechanical components, motion systems, and safety systems. It also included system integration of all electronics, motors, and communication channels. Control software was developed for the system and several high-performance reconstruction algorithms were implemented on graphics processing units for reconstructing tomographic data sets acquired by the system. A new geometrical calibration method was developed for calibrating the system that makes use of the full image data gathered by the system and does not rely on markers.An adaptive imaging procedure consisting of a preliminary scout scan, human guidance, and a diagnostic quality scan was developed for imaging small volumes of interest in the interior of an object at substantially reduced dose. The adaptive imaging procedure makes use of FaCT's adjustable magnification, beam-masking capability, and high-performance reconstruction software to achieve high-quality reconstruction of a volume of interest with less dose than would be required by a traditional x-ray computed tomography system without adaptive capabilities.To address ongoing research into mathematical rules for adapting an imaging system, such as FaCT, to better perform a given estimation task, a method of quantifying a system's ability to estimate a parameter of interest in the presence of nuisance parameters based on the Fisher Information was proposed. The method requires a statistical model of object variability. Possible strategies for increasing the performance of an estimation task, given an adaptive system, were suggested.
Efficient image resizing using finite differences (2003)

We present an optimal spline-based algorithm for the enlargement or reduction of digital images with arbitrary scaling factors. This projection-based approach is realizable thanks to a new finite difference method that allows the computation of inner products with analysis functions that are B-splines of any degree n. For a given choice of basis functions, the results of our method are consistently better that those of the standard interpolation procedure; the present scheme achieves a reduction of artifacts such as aliasing and blocking and a significant improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio.
Temple Chevallier (1794–1873), Astronomer (1941)

Journal Article Temple Chevallier (1794–1873), Astronomer Get access A. L. Humphreys A. L. Humphreys 1Devonshire Club, S.W.1 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 180, Issue 11, 15 March 1941, Pages 194–195, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/180.11.194b Published: 15 March 1941
TabVec: Table Vectors for Classification of Web Tables (2018)

There are hundreds of millions of tables in Web pages that contain useful information for many applications. Leveraging data within these tables is difficult because of the wide variety of structures, formats and data encoded in these tables. TabVec is an unsupervised method to embed tables into a vector space to support classification of tables into categories (entity, relational, matrix, list, and non-data) with minimal user intervention. TabVec deploys syntax and semantics of table cells, and embeds the structure of tables in a table vector space. This enables superior classification of tables even in the absence of domain annotations. Our evaluations in four real world domains show that TabVec improves classification accuracy by more than 20% compared to three state of the art systems, and that those systems require significant in domain training to achieve good results.
Small Molecular Gelling Agents to Harden Organic Liquids: Trialkyl <i>cis</i>-1,3,5-Cyclohexanetricarboxamides (1997)

Abstract Trialkyl cis-1,3,5-cyclohexanetricarboxamides were able to cause physical gelation in organic liquids to afford completely transparent organogel. The main driving force for gelation was intermolecular hydrogen bonding between amides and van der Waals interaction among hydrophobic alkyl chains.
CYFRA 21-1 and CEA are independent prognostic factors in 153 operated stage I NSCLC patients. (2004)

Currently, no further therapy in addition to surgery is recommended in completely resected NSCLC stage I patients. However, the 5-year survival rate at this stage has been reported to be approximately 60%, i.e. 40% of patients had a lower survival rate. The aim of the study was to identify those patients at increased risk by using the tumor markers CYFRA21-1 and CEA as prognostic factors. One hundred and fifty-three stage I NSCLC patients, who were treated exclusively by surgery between 1996 and 1998, entered this retrospective study. It was shown, by multivariate analysis, that elevated CYFRA 21-1 (>3.3ng/ml) and CEA (>9.8ng/ml) levels were associated with a worse outcome in 21.3% and 13.1% of the patients under study, respectively. The corresponding 3-year survival rates were found to be 60.2% for increased CYFRA 21-1 levels (p=0.029) and approximately 40% for increased CEA levels (p=0.022), compared to a rate of 78.4% and 79.0% in case of normal marker levels, respectively. The relative risk (95% confidence interval) was found to be 2.156 (1.08-4.29) for elevated CYFRA 21-1 and 2.707 (1.15-6.36) for elevated CEA. The detection rate for the identification of patients with worse outcome increased when a combination of both markers was used. Thereby, it was possible to identify 32% of patients where one or both markers were elevated. The 3-year survival rate was 55.7% in this group compared to that of 82.5% in those patients where both markers were in the normal range (p=0.0014). In order to consider the degree of marker elevation that is thought to reflect tumor burden, we introduced a tumor marker index (TMI) corresponding to the geometric mean of normalized CYFRA21-1 and CEA levels (marker value divided by diagnostic cut-off). Thereby, we were able to identify 3 groups of patients at different risk levels: the first group (22.7%) had a 3-year survival rate of 96.7%, the second group (42.6%) had one of 77.2% and the third group (34.7%) had one of only 55.7%. In conclusion, elevated CYFRA 21-1 and CEA levels were able to identify a group of curatively operated NSCLC patients who were at high risk of early death. Those patients may benefit from more aggressive treatment approaches. The group of patients with a 3-year survival rate of 96.7% probably does not need further treatment.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of 3-Quinolineacetic Acid Derivatives (1978)

Knoevenagel condensation of o-nitrobenzaldehydes (Ia-d) with ethyl 2, 4-dioxopentanoate (II) gave 3-acetyl-2, 4-dihydroxy-4-(o-nitrophenyl) crotonic acid lactones (IVa-d), which take the open-form, 3-(o-nitrobenzylidene)-2, 4-dioxopentanoic acids (IV'a-d), in a polar solvent. Reductive cyclization of IVa-d in the presence of 5% Pd-C as a catalyst gave α-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-quinolineacetic acid 1-oxides (Va-d) in a good yield. These were easily derived to esters (VIa-c, VII, and VIIIa), α-keto esters (IXa-c), α-hydroxyimino esters (Xa-c), and aldehydes (XIa-c). The reaction of VIa with acetyl chloride followed by deoxygenation with phosphorus trichloride afforded methyl α-acetoxy-2-methyl-3-quinolineacetate (XVII), which was hydrolyzed to α-hydroxy acid (XVIII). Reduction of Xa with zinc dust in acetic acid and acetic anhydride gave α-acetamido ester (XIX), which was hydrolyzed to α-quinaldylglycine (XX). The reaction of VIa with acetic anhydride gave methyl α-acetoxy-2-acetoxymethyl-3-quinolineacetate (XXI), which was oxidized to the N→oxide derivative (XXIII). Hydrolyses of XXI and XXIII gave δ-lactones (XXII, XXIV). The reaction of IVa-d with diazomethane in ether gave 3-acetyl-4-hydroxy-2-methoxy-4-(o-nitrophenyl) crotonic acid lactones (XXVIa-d), the structure of which was determined from UV spectra. Similar reductive cyclization of XXVIa-d in alcohols (R3OH) gave alkyl (R3) 1, 4-dihydro-1-hydroxy-α-methoxy-2-methyl-4-oxo-3-quinolineacetates (XXVIIa-d, XXVIIIa-XXXa) in a fairly good yield. The mechanism of the formation of quinoline N-oxide derivatives and 1, 4-dihydro-4-quinolones was discussed. Finally for biological tests, resolution of Va with cinchonidine was carried out, and its effect on Aspergillus flavus and soy beans was tested.
The response of cell walls of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> to metals and to electron-microscopic stains (1978)

Purified cell walls of Bacillus subtilis were subjected to solutions of 40 independent metals and the metal uptake, the electron-scattering power of thin sections, and the type of staining response evaluated. This was repeated for six typical electron-microscopic stains (uranyl acetate, uranyl magnesium acetate, osmium tetroxide, Os-meth, osmium-dimethylethylenediamine, and ruthenium red) and one new staining reagent (a potassium platinum chloride - dimethylsulfoxide complex) whose specificity is for amine functions. The reaction of select metals can be specific in terms of both uptake and staining response. Of the metals studied most transition elements had a high affinity for the wall fabric and some (i.e., Sc III, most lanthanides, UIV, ZrIV,HfIV, Fe III, Pd II, Ru III, and In III) may be suitable as contrasting agents for electron microscopy. Furthermore, when the thickness of metal-reacted walls was compared to freeze-each and ultracryotomy data, statistical-dimensional differences were commonly seen, which indicates that wall ultrastructure can be profoundly affected by the type of metal and (or) staining reagent.
Price-Sensitivity Measurement (1997)

One way to determine an optimum price for a product or service is to assess what the customer is willing to pay and then set production methods and costs to achieve a profit based on that price. Traditional pricing methods, including "cost-plus" and "gut feel," operate backwards by setting a price based on the operator's costs or profit goals. Measuring the customer's price sensitivity in a reasonably unbiased way is difficult, however. Moreover, the matter of appropriate pricing is complicated by the fact that consumers use price as an indicator of quality. So, it is not only possible to set a price too high (pricing the item out of the market), but also to set it too low (giving a perception of unacceptably low quality). The statistical technique of price-sensitivity measurement (PSM) works by asking consumers questions that allow them to indicate when a product is "too expensive" or "too cheap." Graphing these numbers shows a range between expensive and cheap-indicating the likely best price range. Proprietors of Taco Bell applied the PSM method in creating their value menu, with considerable success. As an example, the authors developed a price-value range for buyers in the association-meeting market.
Embolization with cellulose porous beads, I: An experimental study. (1997)

The CPBs were easy to use; they reached distal sites and produced a homogeneous and permanent occlusion without specific inflammatory changes. The good results of this experimental study led to a clinical trial of CPBs.
AMR Parsing as Sequence-to-Graph Transduction (2019)

We propose an attention-based model that treats AMR parsing as sequence-to-graph transduction. Unlike most AMR parsers that rely on pre-trained aligners, external semantic resources, or data augmentation, our proposed parser is aligner-free, and it can be effectively trained with limited amounts of labeled AMR data. Our experimental results outperform all previously reported SMATCH scores, on both AMR 2.0 (76.3% F1 on LDC2017T10) and AMR 1.0 (70.2% F1 on LDC2014T12).
Consistency of spectral clustering (2008)

Consistency is a key property of all statistical procedures analyzing randomly sampled data. Surprisingly, despite decades of work, little is known about consistency of most clustering algorithms. In this paper we investigate consistency of the popular family of spectral clustering algorithms, which clusters the data with the help of eigenvectors of graph Laplacian matrices. We develop new methods to establish that, for increasing sample size, those eigenvectors converge to the eigenvectors of certain limit operators. As a result, we can prove that one of the two major classes of spectral clustering (normalized clustering) converges under very general conditions, while the other (unnormalized clustering) is only consistent under strong additional assumptions, which are not always satisfied in real data. We conclude that our analysis provides strong evidence for the superiority of normalized spectral clustering.
Noncontact Free-Rotating Disk Triboelectric Nanogenerator as a Sustainable Energy Harvester and Self-Powered Mechanical Sensor (2014)

In this work, we introduced an innovative noncontact, free-rotating disk triboelectric nanogenerator (FRD-TENG) for sustainably scavenging the mechanical energy from rotary motions. Its working principle was clarified through numerical calculations of the relative-rotation-induced potential difference, which serves as the driving force for the electricity generation. The unique characteristic of the FRD-TENG enables its high output performance compared to its working at the contact mode, with an effective output power density of 1.22 W/m2 for continuously driving 100 light-emitting diodes. Ultrahigh stability of the output and exceptional durability of the device structure were achieved, and the reliable output was utilized for fast/effective charging of a lithium ion battery. Based on the relationship between its output performance and the parameters of the mechanical stimuli, the FRD-TENG could be employed as a self-powered mechanical sensor, for simultaneously detecting the vertical displacement and rotation speed. The FRD-TENG has superior advantages over the existing disk triboelectric nanogenerator, and exhibits significant progress toward practical applications of nanogenerators for both energy harvesting and self-powered sensor networks.